Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applying Team-Based Learning in Primary Care Residency Programs to Increase Patient Alcohol Screenings and Brief Interventions

Purpose Educational research demonstrates little evidence of long-term retention from traditional lectures in residency programs. Team-based learning (TBL), an alternative, active learning technique, incites competition and generates discussion. This report presents data evaluating the ability of TBL to reinforce and enhance concepts taught during initial training in a National Institutes of Health–funded alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) program conducted in eight residency programs from 2005 to 2007 under the auspices of Mercer University School of Medicine. Method After initial training of three hours, the authors conducted three TBL booster sessions of one and a quarter hours, spaced four months apart at each site. They assessed feasibility through the amount of preparation time for faculty and staff, residents’ evaluations of their training, self-reported use of SBI, residents’ performance on individual quizzes compared with group quizzes, booster session evaluations, and levels of confidence in conducting SBI. Results After initial training and three TBL reinforcement sessions, 42 residents (63%) reported that they performed SBI and that their levels of confidence in performing interventions in their current and future practices was moderately high. Participants preferred TBL formats over lectures. Group performance was superior to individual performance on initial assessments. When invited to select a model for conducting SBI in current and future practices, all residents opted for procedures that included clinician involvement. Faculty found TBL to be efficient but labor-intensive for training large groups. Conclusions TBL was well received by residents and helped maintain a newly learned clinical skill. Future research should compare TBL to other learning methods.
Highly Accreting Quasars at High Redshift

We present preliminary results of a spectroscopic analysis for a sample of type 1 highly accreting quasars (LLedd>0.2) at high redshift, z~2-3. The quasars were observed with the OSIRIS spectrograph on the GTC 10.4 m telescope located at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The highly accreting quasars were identified using the 4D Eigenvector 1 formalism, which is able to organize type 1 quasars over a broad range of redshift and luminosity. The kinematic and physical properties of the broad line region have been derived by fitting the profiles of strong UV emission lines such as AlIII, SiIII and CIII. The majority of our sources show strong blueshifts in the high-ionization lines and high Eddington ratios which are related with the productions of outflows. The importance of highly accreting quasars goes beyond a detailed understanding of their physics: their extreme Eddington ratio makes them candidates standard candles for cosmological studies.
Destabilisation, aggregation, toxicity and cytosolic mislocalisation of nucleophosmin regions associated with acute myeloid leukemia

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional protein that is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human malignancies. To gain insight into the role of isolated fragments of NPM1 in its biological activities, we dissected the C-terminal domain (CTD) into its helical fragments. Here we focus the attention on the third helix of the NPM1-CTD in its wild-type (H3 wt) and AML-mutated (H3 mutA and H3 mutE) sequences. Conformational studies, by means of CD and NMR spectroscopies, showed that the H3 wt peptide was partially endowed with an α-helical structure, but the AML-sequences exhibited a lower content of this conformation, particularly the H3 mutA peptide. Thioflavin T assays showed that the H3 mutE and the H3 mutA peptides displayed a significant aggregation propensity that was confirmed by CD and DLS assays. In addition, we found that the H3 mutE and H3 mutA peptides, unlike the H3 wt, were moderately and highly toxic, respectively, when exposed to human neuroblastoma cells. Cellular localization experiments confirmed that the mutated sequences hamper their nucleolar accumulation, and more importantly, that the helical conformation of the H3 region is crucial for such a localization.
Chemical composition of atmospheric nanoparticles formed from nucleation in Tecamac, Mexico: Evidence for an important role for organic species in nanoparticle growth

We report Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TDCIMS) measurements of the composition of ambient 10–33 nm diameter particles formed from nucleation on 16 March 2006 in Tecamac, Mexico during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field study. On this day, nucleated particles contained far more organics than sulfates: average ion molar ratios with measurement uncertainties for nitrate, organics and sulfur species were 6 ± 2%, 84 ± 5%, and 10 ± 1%, respectively. The measured organic species include nitrogen‐containing organic compounds, organic acids, and hydroxy organic acids. Independent calculations show that sulfuric acid condensation could have accounted for only 10 ± 2% of the growth that was observed on this day, which is consistent with the TDCIMS measurements of composition. It follows that organic compounds play a dominant role the high growth rates that were observed.
Direct observation of a photoinduced radical pair in a cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptor.

Proteins from the photolyase/cryptochrome family share their three-dimensional fold, sequence homology, and the redox-active flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor, but exhibit diverse activities. [1] In response to blue or UV-A light, they function physiologically in DNA repair, entrainment of the circadian clock, or other processes. [1-3] Members of the photolyase/cryptochrome family have been identified in various organisms ranging from bacteria to plants, animals and humans. [1] Within this family, a phylogenetic cluster of genes originally identified from Arabidopsis and Synechocystis encode cryptochrome-like proteins, which are distinct from previously characterized “classic” plant (represented by Arabidopsis HY4) or animal (represented by Drosophila and Homo sapiens) cryptochromes, yet more closely resemble the latter. [4] Remarkably, the cryptochromes from this new cluster (Cry-DASH) have now been found through all kingdoms of life. [5] While multiple biological functions have been discussed, the availability of stable, recombinantly expressed, Cry-DASH proteins from diverse species provides the means of deciphering cryptochrome protein chemistry. Results from recent experiments point to the direction that Cry-DASH could work as a transcriptional regulator,[4, 5] as well as a DNA repair enzyme for single-stranded DNA. [6] Other experimental results suggest the participation of Cry-DASH in circadian input pathways. [7, 8]
EFFECT OF BODY CONDITION SCORE AT PARTURITION ON THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE , FERTILITY AND CULLING IN PRIMIPAROUS ESTONIAN HOLSTEIN COWS

The objective of this study was to estimate the relation of body condition score (BCS) near calving to the body condition change in early lactation, the reproductive performance, milk yield and culling rate in the first lactation Estonian Holstein dairy cows. Cows were divided into three groups based on their BCS at calving; thin, BCS ≤3.0 (n=29); moderate, BCS 3.25–3.5 (n= 48); and fat, BCS ≥3.75 (n=27). During the first and second month of lactation the fat cow group had significantly higher (P<0.05) fat corrected milk (FCM) production, milk fat percentage, and milk fat to protein ratio compared to thin cows. Thin cow group had significantly (P<0.05) higher genetic merit index (GMI) compared to the moderate and fat group, but they could not realise their genetic potential as the 305-day fat corrected milk production, fat production, and milk fat + protein production was significantly higher (P<0.01) in fat cows compared to thin cow group. No cows in the fat group conceived from the first service. In the thin group 14%, in the moderate group 25% and in the fat group 41% cows were culled during the first lactation respectively. We concluded that while taking into account besides milk production the aspects of health and fertility, the reasonable BCS at calving of first lactation Estonian Holstein cows in the present management and feeding conditions was 3.25–3.5 BC units.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and ‐14 persists during early resolution of experimental liver fibrosis and might contribute to fibrolysis

Abstract: Background/Aims: Resolution of liver fibrosis is possible but the identity of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which degrade the accumulated collagens is uncertain. We examined MMP‐2 and MMP‐14 expression in established and resolving fibrosis to assess their role in resolution of liver fibrosis.
An Internal Report * on The Effect of GAGases on Outflow Facility in the Bovine Eye by

Barany was the first to point out that testicular hyaluronidase increased outflow facility in bovine eyes. It has long been assumed that this was an effect on the extracellular matrix within the aqueous outflow pathway. Based on experiments conducted in primate eyes in which we found no effect of either Streptomyces hyaluronidase or chondroitinase ABC in primates, we were motivated to retrospectively reexamine both our own previous data concerning the effects of GAGases on bovine outflow facility and also to reexamine reports in the literature. After GAGases incubation for several hours, we could not find evidence that GAGases 0increases outflow facility in the bovine beyond the wash-out that naturally occurs during perfusions. More over, for shorter time periods of incubation, the evidence is not convincing that these enzymes have definite effect. It may be instead that GAGases do not have their primary effect on the glycosaminoglycans of the outflow pathway, or they may affect junctions in the inner wall where it would be difficult to detect its effect morphologically, and these junctions may naturally open during wash-out.
Antibodies in tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome

Editor, T homassen and colleagues describe an 11-year-old boy with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome (Thomassen et al. 2009). The authors do not mention whether there were autoantibodies against antigen in both tubulars and uveal cells. Such findings were found in a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with TINU syndrome. (Abed et al. 2008) It is interesting if their case shows similar result. This would support the immune-mediated process as the pathogenesis of TINU syndrome.
Topiramate and Lamotrigine Pharmacokinetics during Repetitive Monotherapy and Combination Therapy in Epilepsy Patients

Summary: Purpose: To determine at steady state (in the same group of patients): (a) the pharmacokinetics (PK) of lamotrigine (LTG) with LTG monotherapy, (b) the PK of LTG concomitantly administered with topiramate (TPM) at three escalating TPM doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/day), (c) the PK of TPM at three escalating TPM doses while receiving fixed‐dose LTG therapy, and (d) the PK of TPM with TPM monotherapy.
Effect of protocol Doppler ultrasonography and urgent revascularization on early hepatic artery thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation.

HYPOTHESIS Protocol Doppler ultrasonography of the liver (DUSL) is useful for detecting early hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). Urgent exploration based on DUSL findings and immediate revascularization of the liver may avoid HAT-related sequelae, namely, biliary complications and retransplantation after pediatric liver transplantation. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS Group 1 included 96 liver transplantations performed in 75 pediatric patients from June 1, 1994, to August 31, 1999. Group 2 included 43 liver transplantations performed in 39 pediatric patients from September 1, 1999, to September 30, 2001. INTERVENTION In group 1, DUSL was performed on the first posttransplantation day or on request. Angiographic confirmation of suggested HAT was treated with thrombolysis, angioplasty, or thrombectomy. In group 2, protocol DUSL was performed every 12 hours in the first week and every 24 hours in the second week. The suspicion of HAT warranted urgent surgery without the patient undergoing angiography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of HAT, biliary complications, and retransplantation. Graft and patient survival. Hospital stay, and number of admissions and operations after undergoing HAT. RESULTS The incidence of HAT was 10.4% (10 of 96 transplantations) in group 1 and 7.0% (3 of 43 transplantations) in group 2. The incidence of biliary complications after HAT was 100% in group 1 and 0% in group 2 (P=.02). The incidence of retransplantation after HAT was 90.0% (9 of 10 patients) in group 1 and 0% in group 2 (P=.01). Of the 10 patients who experienced HAT in group 1, 5 patients underwent early retransplantation (mean length of time, 13.2 days). All 5 patients who did not undergo early retransplantation had biliary complications. Four of these 5 patients underwent retrasplantation at a later time (mean length of time, 687 days). In group 2, DUSL identified early HAT in 3 patients (7.0%). Emergent thrombectomy and arterial reconstruction were undertaken. All 3 (100%) have their original graft and are alive. None experienced biliary complications. One-year graft and patient survival is 72.0% and 84.0%, respectively, in group 1 and 80.0% and 85.0%, respectively, in group 2. Shorter hospital stay, fewer readmissions, and surgery after HAT were noted in group 2. CONCLUSIONS Protocol DUSL detects early HAT and urgent revascularization based on DUSL can significantly reduce the incidence of biliary complication and graft loss requiring retransplantation in pediatric liver transplantation.
Delayed system response times affect immediate physiology and the dynamics of subsequent button press behavior.

System response time research is an important issue in human-computer interactions. Experience with technical devices and general rules of human-human interactions determine the user's expectation, and any delay in system response time may lead to immediate physiological, emotional, and behavioral consequences. We investigated such effects on a trial-by-trial basis during a human-computer interaction by measuring changes in skin conductance (SC), heart rate (HR), and the dynamics of button press responses. We found an increase in SC and a deceleration of HR for all three delayed system response times (0.5, 1, 2 s). Moreover, the data on button press dynamics was highly informative since subjects repeated a button press with more force in response to delayed system response times. Furthermore, the button press dynamics could distinguish between correct and incorrect decisions and may thus even be used to infer the uncertainty of a user's decision.
Definition of the Nuclear Encoded Protein Composition of Bovine Heart Mitochondrial Complex I

Mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) from bovine heart is a complicated multisubunit, membrane-bound assembly. Seven subunits are encoded by mitochondrial DNA, and the sequences of 36 nuclear encoded subunits have been described. The subunits of complex I and two subcomplexes (Iα and Iβ) were resolved on one- and two-dimensional gels and by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed two previously unknown subunits in complex I, named B14.7 and ESSS, one in each subcomplex. Coding sequences for each protein were identified in data bases and were confirmed by cDNA cloning and sequencing. Subunit B14.7 has an acetylated N terminus, no presequence, and contains four potential transmembrane helices. It is homologous to subunit 21.3b from complex I in Neurospora crassa and is related to Tim17, Tim22, and Tim23, which are involved in protein translocation across the inner membrane. Subunit ESSS has a cleaved mitochondrial import sequence and one potential transmembrane helix. A total of 45 different subunits of bovine complex I have now been characterized.
On Endogenous Growth with Physical and Human Capital

This paper presents a class of models in which agents may devote part of their nonleisure activities to going to school so as to increase the efficiency units of labor they supply to the firms and the wages they receive. The interaction among the technology of human capital accumulation and agents' preferences will determine endogenously the economy's rate of growth. Given a constant returns to scale technology for physical capital accumulation, we characterize the set of steady states as a ray from the origin and show the global convergence of every off-balanced path to some point on this ray. Further properties concerning the dynamic evolution of the state and control variables around the ray of steady states are also established. Our analysis is useful to understand the role played by the technologies of physical and human capital in the process of accumulation and to evaluate the impact of policies geared toward attaining higher levels of capital. Our results highlight the importance of human capital in the dynamics of growth.
Sequential cognitive‐behavioral therapy for children with obsessive–compulsive disorder with an inadequate medication response: a case series of five patients

Few data have been reported on the efficacy of cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for youth with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) who have not responded to prior treatment with medication. Given this, we report an open trial of CBT for children who have remained symptomatic following medication trials. Five children with OCD who had an inadequate response to psychotropic medications (e.g., limited response and/or unable to be titrated to a complete dose due to side effects) received treatment in a 3‐week intensive CBT program. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after treatment. All participants were classified as treatment responders (much improved or very much improved) and the severity of clinician‐rated OCD symptoms and impairment significantly decreased after the intervention. Although a number of limitations of this preliminary report exist, this study provides preliminary support for the utility of an intensive intervention for youth with OCD who have had an inadequate response and/or adverse side effects. Depression Anxiety 24:375–381, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TLR-9 and IL-15 Synergy Promotes the In Vitro Clonal Expansion of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells

Clinical progression of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) reflects the clone’s Ag receptor (BCR) and involves stroma-dependent B-CLL growth within lymphoid tissue. Uniformly elevated expression of TLR-9, occasional MYD88 mutations, and BCR specificity for DNA or Ags physically linked to DNA together suggest that TLR-9 signaling is important in driving B-CLL growth in patients. Nevertheless, reports of apoptosis after B-CLL exposure to CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) raised questions about a central role for TLR-9. Because normal memory B cells proliferate vigorously to ODN+IL-15, a cytokine found in stromal cells of bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen, we examined whether this was true for B-CLL cells. Through a CFSE-based assay for quantitatively monitoring in vitro clonal proliferation/survival, we show that IL-15 precludes TLR-9–induced apoptosis and permits significant B-CLL clonal expansion regardless of the clone’s BCR mutation status. A robust response to ODN+IL-15 was positively linked to presence of chromosomal anomalies (trisomy-12 or ataxia telangiectasia mutated anomaly + del13q14) and negatively linked to a very high proportion of CD38+ cells within the blood-derived B-CLL population. Furthermore, a clone’s intrinsic potential for in vitro growth correlated directly with doubling time in blood, in the case of B-CLL with Ig H chain V region–unmutated BCR and <30% CD38+ cells in blood. Finally, in vitro high-proliferator status was statistically linked to diminished patient survival. These findings, together with immunohistochemical evidence of apoptotic cells and IL-15–producing cells proximal to B-CLL pseudofollicles in patient spleens, suggest that collaborative ODN and IL-15 signaling may promote in vivo B-CLL growth.
On the design of control systems over unreliable channels

This paper studies LTI one-degree-of-freedom networked control architectures built around LTI SISO plants. The feedback path comprises an unreliable channel that drops data in an i.i. d. fashion. We extend known results to show that there exists a second order moments equivalence between the situation examined and an auxiliary feedback loop where the unreliable channel has been replaced by an additive i.i. d. noise channel that has an equality signal-to-noise ratio constraint. We then use these insights to design optimal controllers. We also establish a necessary and sufficient condition on the successful transmission probability that allows for the design of a controller that guarantees MSS in the considered setup. Our proposal does not require packet arrival acknowledgements. Thus, our results give necessary and sufficient conditions for MSS in an output-feedback control architecture with UDP-like protocols.
Inhibitors Targeting Mitosis: Tales of How Great Drugs against a Promising Target Were Brought Down by a Flawed Rationale

Although they have been advocated with an understandable enthusiasm, mitosis-specific agents such as inhibitors of mitotic kinases and kinesin spindle protein have not been successful clinically. These drugs were developed as agents that would build on the success of microtubule-targeting agents while avoiding the neurotoxicity that encumbers drugs such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids. The rationale for using mitosis-specific agents was based on the thesis that the clinical efficacy of microtubule-targeting agents could be ascribed to the induction of mitotic arrest. However, the latter concept, which has long been accepted as dogma, is likely important only in cell culture and rapidly growing preclinical models, and irrelevant in patient tumors, where interference with intracellular trafficking on microtubules is likely the principal mechanism of action. Here we review the preclinical and clinical data for a diverse group of inhibitors that target mitosis and identify the reasons why these highly specific, myelosuppressive compounds have failed to deliver on their promise. Clin Cancer Res; 18(1); 51–63. ©2012 AACR.