Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity of freshwater microorganisms - achievements, problems, and perspectives

The extent and significance of the diversity of freshwater microbes is at present controversially debated. Until 1980 it was assumed that there are no freshwater-specific bacteria and that the total number of bacterial species is low. The advent of molecular tools over the last ten years revealed that there is a bacterial freshwater assemblage which is phylogenetically different from soil and marine bacteria; secondly, it became obvious that the total number of cultured bacterial species (~5900) underestimates bacterial diversity by several orders of magnitude. The current debate centres on 1) how to define a bacterial species and 2) if there is a microbial biogeography. The latter relates to the issue of ubiquity and cosmopolitanism, which is controversially discussed primarily in relation to eukaryotic microorganisms, namely ciliates. Although solid evidence is scarce, many microbial ecologists assume, in accordance with Baas Becking’s famous 70-year old dictum – “everything is everywhere, the environment selects” – that freshwater microorganisms are easily dispersed and, therefore, potentially cosmopolitan. This review focuses on the often neglected second part of Baas Becking’s metaphor. Evidence is accumulating rapidly that the environment does not simply act as a filter sensu Gleason’s individualistic concept for widely dispersed microbes. Rather, prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms have adapted to their specific habitat and perform better in this environment than newly invading congeners. There is an enormous ecophysiological diversity among closely related freshwater microbes which is neither obvious at the morphospecies level nor at the level of evolutionarily conserved genes, such as the small ribosomal RNA gene. Although this large diversity has been demonstrated for various groups of bacteria and protists, there is currently no measure available to compare microbial biodiversity across prokaryotic and eukaryotic domains. The current challenge is to link genetic divergence to ecophysiological diversity in the major taxa.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies on Laminar Combustion and Detonation Waves

The influence of a cold wall on the shape of a laminar flame front is important for the interpretation of many phenomena connected with the propagation of flames in tubes or between walls, such as quenching, etc. The present investigation is restricted by the fundamental assumptions of the thermal theory of combustion. Therefore diffusion between the various species is neglected and also the possible effect of a wall on breaking up the chain reactions. Then the effect of the wall in general is twofold: it modifies the flow by friction and the temperature distribution by heat conduction. For most cases the phenomenon is complicated by the fact tha t the frictional effect extends considerably ahead of the flame. Existence of a secondary motion caused by the flame front is another frequent complicating factor. The authors have tried to find a case where these difficulties do not occur. They consider the case of a flame progressing in a tube of large diameter, filled with an unburned gas mixture; in this case it may be assumed that the one dimensional theory of the laminar flame front can be applied, with the exception of a domain near the wall in which approximately two dimensional flow can be assumed. The problem then is to compute the conditions near the wall. As there is no velocity difference between the unburned gas mixture and the wall a t a sufficient distance ahead of the flame, the effect of the wall friction is restricted to the region immediately upstream of the flame front.
The mental health benefits of having dogs on college campuses

College can be a stressful time for many, especially those dealing with problems like stress, anxiety, and depression. While colleges and universities typically offer counseling services, many students who could benefit do not take advantage of them. Research suggests that animals may play an important role in some forms of treatment for conditions such as anxiety, stress, and depression. A recent trend on college campuses is to offer opportunities to interact with dogs and other animals as a way to relieve stress and help individuals deal with other psychological issues. In this paper, we discuss the current research regarding using animals to assist in treatment for problems commonly faced by college students.We also describe our own experiences with a university-sponsored animal-interaction day and offer tips on how others can plan such an event on their campus.
Goodness-of-® t Tests for GEE with Correlated Binary Data

The marginal logistic regression, in combination with GEE, is an increasingly important method in dealing with correlated binary data. As for independent binary data, when the number of possible combinations of the covariate values in a logistic regression model is much larger than the sample size, such as when the logistic model contains at least one continuous covariate, many existing chi-square goodness-of-®t tests either are not applicable or have some serious drawbacks. In this paper two residual based normal goodness-of-®t test statistics are proposed: the Pearson chi-square and an unweighted sum of residual squares. Easy-to-calculate approximations to the mean and variance of either statistic are also given. Their performance, in terms of both size and power, was satisfactory in our simulation studies. For illustration we apply them to a real data set.
Interpolation by bounded functions

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Digital Subtraction Angiography of the Abdominal Aorta and Lower Extremities : Carbon Dioxide versus Iodinated Contrast ate rial '

Vincent L. Oliva, MD PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic value of carbon dioxide to Neil Denbow, MD that of iodinated contrast material for digital subtraction angiog~ r i c Therasse, MD raphy of the abdominal aorta and lower extremities. Andrew A. Common, MD Claude Harel, MD MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients underwent comMarie-France Giroux, MD parative C 0 2 and iodinated contrast material arteriography of the Gilles Soulez, MD abdominal aorta and lower extremities. For each contrast study, three independent observers evaluated the degree of opacification and percentage of stenosis of each vessel, the degree of certainty
Impacts of climate change on fire regimes and carbon stocks of the U.S. Pacific Northwest

[1] The diverse vegetation types and carbon pools of the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) are tightly coupled to fire regimes that depend on climate and fire suppression. To realistically assess the effects of twenty-first-century climate change on PNW fire and carbon dynamics, we developed a new fire suppression rule for the MC1 dynamic general vegetation model that we ran under three climate change scenarios. Climate projections from the CSIRO Mk3, MIROC 3.2 medres, and Hadley CM3 general circulation models, forced by the A2 CO2 emissions scenario, were downscaled to a 30 arc-second (∼0.6 km2) grid. Future climates amplify the already strong seasonality of temperature and precipitation across the domain. Simulations displayed large increases in area burned (76%–310%) and burn severities (29%–41%) by the end of the twenty-first century. The relatively dry ecosystems east of the Cascades gain carbon in the future despite projections of more intense wildfires, while the mesic maritime forests lose up to 1.2 Pg C from increased burning. Simulated fire suppression causes overall carbon gains yet leaves ecosystems vulnerable to large future fires. Overall, our simulations suggest the Pacific Northwest has the potential to sequester ∼1 Pg C over the next century unless summer droughts severely intensify fire regimes.
Introduction to Assessment and Intervention during Team Tutoring

The Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) is a domain-independent framework for developing intelligent tutoring systems. While GIFT has primarily focused on individual learning, one of the ultimate goals of GIFT is to be used for team tutoring. As part of implementing team tutoring in GIFT there have been practical, authoring, and technological challenges. In this paper we discuss the goals of team tutoring in GIFT, progress that has been made, and the challenges that still remain in creating assessment and intervention during team tutoring. We also discuss the specific goals of this workshop.
Setting with the Sun: The Impacts of Renewable Energy on Wholesale Power Markets

Policies supporting investment in renewable electricity have been a cornerstone of climate policy in many parts of the world. While previous empirical work explores the economic and environmental impacts of renewable production, the focus has exclusively been on the short-run impacts of expanding renewable supply. In this paper, we shed light on the longer run impacts of renewable expansions. Focusing on the California electricity market, we estimate how wholesale electricity prices have responded to a dramatic increase in utility-scale solar capacity. While a substantial decline in daily average prices can be attributed to the solar capacity expansion, this average price impact masks a substantial decrease in mid-day prices combined with an increase in shoulder hour prices. These results imply that short-term power markets are responding to the renewable expansion in a fashion that could sustain more flexible conventional generation, while seriously undermining the economic viability of traditional baseload generation technologies.
Expertise vs. talent

Abstract: The study of extraordinary performance has been carried out almost independently in two research traditions, the first emphasising practice and the second emphasising talent. The practice tradition has collected empirical evidence strongly supporting chunking as a key learning mechanism and practice as a prerequisite for becoming an expert. The talent tradition has provided convincing data for the importance of (inherited) individual differences in intelligence and working memory as well as for other factors such as starting age and handedness. If future research on extraordinary performance is to be successful, these two traditions must joint efforts to understand the mechanisms involved. Given the number of variables in play, their complex interactions and the fact that they evolve as a function of time, the use of computational modelling is necessary
The motherhood pay gap: A review of the issues, theory and international evidence

The study is organized as follows: Part I discusses the measurement issues, especially associated with statistical modelling of the motherhood pay gap, and presents headline results for a range of low-, middle- and high-income countries. It also addresses evidence of a wage premium for fathers. Part II presents a critical analysis of six core methodological issues rawing on studies from multiple disciplinary approaches. Part III assesses the merits of competing economic and sociological explanations for the motherhood pay gap, with a focus on productivity-related explanations on the one hand and accounts that emphasize the gendered nature of institutions and sex discrimination on the other. Part IV investigates the impact of a country’s institutional environment with a particular emphasis on its welfare and family system. Part V sets out six major policy recommendations and considers issues for future research.
Caffeine and Sprint Performance in Habitual and Caffeine Naive Participants

Int J Exerc Sci 5(1) : 50-59, 2012. Caffeine is thought to provide ergogenic benefits during endurance performance. However, there is limited research on the effects of caffeine on anaerobic sports performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 6 mg·kg-1 of caffeine on repeated sprint performance. The sample included active college students (N = 18), classified as habitual caffeine or caffeine naïve users. Participants completed a 12 x 30-m sprint test with 35 s rest intervals between sprints. Ratings of Perceived Exertion were collected every 3rd sprint. Height and body mass were measured and participants accommodated to the sprint test on Day 1. Participants were randomly assigned to the placebo or caffeine condition on Day 2 and the treatment was reversed on Day 3. Caffeine was ingested in a sports drink 1 h prior to performing the sprints. Caffeine produced a significantly faster best sprint time compared to the placebo trial, F (1, 17) = 7.38, MSE = . 02, H-F p = . 02. However, no significant difference was found between caffeine supplementation and placebo on time to complete the total sprint test. Additionally, no significant difference was found in sprint times with caffeine supplementation by sex or between caffeine-naïve and habitual caffeine users. Finally, a significantly higher average RPE was found with caffeine supplementation as compared to the placebo, t (1, 17) = 2.92, d = . 38, p = . 01. Caffeine has the potential to enhance sprint performance however, further research with women and habitual caffeine consumers is needed.
Passive Sidesticks and Hard Landings - Is there a Link?

Original citation & hyperlink: Wolfert, F, Bromfield, M, Stedmon, A & Scott, S 2019, Passive Sidesticks and Hard Landings – Is there a Link? in Proceedings of AIAA 2019 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Dallas, Texas, USA, 17-21 June 2019. , 3611, American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics, AIAA Aviation 2019 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Dallas, United States, 17/06/19. https://dx.doi. org/10.2514/6.2019-3611
The LX – Tvir relation in galaxy clusters: effects of radiative cooling and AGN heating

We present a detailed investigation of the X-ray luminosity ( L X )-gas temperature ( T vir ) relation of the complete X-ray flux-limited sample of the 64 brightest galaxy clusters in the sky (HIFLUGCS). We study the influence of two astrophysical processes, active galactic nuclei (AGN) heating and intracluster medium (ICM) cooling, on the L X − T vir relation, simultaneously for the first time. We employ homogeneously determined gas temperatures and central cooling times, measured with Chandra , and information about a central radio source from Mittal and collaborators. We determine best-fit relations for different subsamples using the cool-core strength and the presence of central radio activity as selection criteria. We find the strong cool-core clusters (SCCs) with short cooling times ( 7.7 Gyr) to display the shallowest (). This has the simple implication that on the high-mass scale ( T vir > 2.5 keV) the steepening of the L X − T vir relation is mainly due to the cooling of the intracluster medium gas. We propose that ICM cooling and AGN heating are both important in shaping the L X − T vir relation but on different length-scales. While our study indicates that ICM cooling dominates on cluster scales ( T vir > 2.5 keV), we speculate that AGN heating dominates the scaling relation in poor clusters and groups ( T vir L X − T vir relation in X-ray luminosity for the whole sample is 45.4% and varies from a minimum of 34.8% for weak cool-core clusters to a maximum of 59.4% for clusters with no central radio source. The scatter does not decrease if SCC clusters are excluded from the full sample. We find that the contribution of core luminosities within the cooling radius r cool , where the cooling time is 7.7 Gyr and gas cooling may be important, to the total X-ray luminosities amounts to 44% and 15% for the SCC and WCC clusters, respectively. We find that after excising the cooling region, the scatter in the L X − T vir relation drops from 45.4% to 39.1%, implying that the cooling region contributes ~27% to the overall scatter. The remaining scatter is largely due to the NCCs. Lastly, the statistical completeness of the sample allows us to quantify and correct for selection effects individually for the subsamples. We find the true SCC fraction to be 25% lower than the observed one and the true normalizations of the L X − T vir relations to be lower by 12%, 7%, and 17% for SCC, WCC, and NCC clusters, respectively.
Effect of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene Polymorphism on Executive Function in Opiate User

Objective The use of opiate substances, such as heroin and methadone, has been proven to cause executive function damage. The extent of damage may be mediated by the activity of enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), which plays an important role in neurotransmitter dopamine metabolism. The single nucleotide polymorphism Glu487Lys distributes mostly in Asia and codes for ALDH2 with greatly reduced enzyme activity. The current study aims to explore the effect of ALDH2 on executive function in opiate users. Methods A total of 94 opiate users were recruited and 58 patients finished the neuropsychological assessment and blood genotyping. Results After co-variating the influence of age and the years of education, we found that participants with ALDH2 A allele performed worse on the Category Complete index of the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (F = 5.34, p = 0.02), suggesting an impaired planning ability in this group. We also found that ALDH2 A carriers went through the Trail 2 in Color Trails Test faster (F = 8.21, p = 0.01), in part suggesting better set-shifting abilities; however, impulsiveness and lack of planning associated with this study group may also explain the faster performances. Conclusions The role that ALDH2 plays in the pathology of cognitive impairment in opiate users may lead new focus in studies of the pathophysiology in opiate usage and its consequences on cognitive function.
Innovative Work Practices, ICT Use and Employees' Motivations

I investigate the impact of innovative work practices and of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on employees' motivations. While the existing literature assumes that their positive effects on performance are due to employees' motivation but only assess related concepts, this paper directly analyses employees' motivations. The data come from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2013. The paper provides new and interesting results on how firms can build a motivational environment shaped by work practices and ICT. I resort to an original empirical framework that permits one to take into account the potential reverse causation between, on the one hand, the voluntary participation in innovative work practices and the use of ICT and motivations on the other. Within this framework, I modify what previous analyses reveal about quality circle and training participation. The results confirm the positive role of work practices such as teamwork, quality norms, formal appraisals, management recognition and family-friendly policies on employee's positive attitudes. Moreover, I introduce a large range of ICT compared to existing research and find that the ICT that most contributed to the development of a motivational environment are those that facilitate access to information and knowledge such as workflow, Internet and e-mail.
‘Englishness’ of rhythm: comparison of the nPVI values between English songs and their counterparts in Japanese

This study utilized one of the rhythm metrics, nPVI (normalized Pairwise Variability Index), to detect differences in the arrangements of musical notes, comparing the vocalic nPVI values of ten English songs composed before 1965 with those of their counterparts translated into Japanese. As vowels form the core of syllables, previous studies have assumed that musical notes are nearly equal to syllables and compared vowel-based rhythmic measures of speech to note-based rhythmic measures of music [1]. This paper is based on the following assumptions: (1) mora-timed languages, as represented by Japanese, tend to use notes of equal length, while stress-timed languages, as represented by English, prefer dotted notes or a combination of notes of large and small values (e.g., 8th and 16th notes) and (2) the sequential order of stressed and unstressed syllables in English lyrics exerts a considerable influence on the output nPVI values of musical notes. The central hypothesis is that, as the vocalic nPVI of English speech is larger than that of Japanese speech, the same relationship will hold for English songs translated into Japanese, because the arrangement of notes should be kept similar in order to sound like the same tune. The results suggest that this relationship is basically preserved in the process of translation.
An Efficient and Green One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Spirooxindole Derivatives with Potential Anti-tumor Activity in an Aqueous Solvent

A series of novel spirooxindole derivatives have been synthesized through a highly efficient and green one-pot multicomponent reaction. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their growth inhibitory activity against two cancer cell lines, the human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 and the triple- negative breast cancer cell line MDA-231. Compound 5, methyl 2-amino-2',5-dioxo-5,7-dihydrospiro(furo(3,4- b)pyran-4,3'-indoline)-3-carboxylate was the most active compound towards HT-29 cell line with IC50 of 20 µM. Compound 22, isopropyl 2-amino-5'-chloro-7,7- dimethyl-2',5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro(chromene- 4,3'-indoline)-3-carboxylate was the most potent towards MDA-231 cell line with IC50 11 µM. The SAR studies on the synthesized compounds have shown a reversed pattern of activity towards the two cell lines indicating different mechanisms of action.
Regional acceleration in ice mass loss from Greenland and Antarctica using GRACE time‐variable gravity data

We use Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) monthly gravity fields to determine the regional acceleration in ice mass loss in Greenland and Antarctica for 2003–2013. We find that the total mass loss is controlled by only a few regions. In Greenland, the southeast and northwest generate 70% of the loss (280±58 Gt/yr) mostly from ice dynamics, the southwest accounts for 54% of the total acceleration in loss (25.4±1.2 Gt/yr2) from a decrease in surface mass balance (SMB), followed by the northwest (34%), and we find no significant acceleration in the northeast. In Antarctica, the Amundsen Sea (AS) sector and the Antarctic Peninsula account for 64% and 17%, respectively, of the total loss (180±10 Gt/yr) mainly from ice dynamics. The AS sector contributes most of the acceleration in loss (11±4 Gt/yr2), and Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica, is the only sector with a significant mass gain due to a local increase in SMB (63±5 Gt/yr).
The Dutch heart health community intervention “Hartslag Limburg”: evaluation design and baseline data

Hartslag Limburg, a cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention programme, integrates a community strategy and a high‐risk strategy. The present paper presents the evaluation design for, and baseline data from, the community intervention. The conceptual framework of the community intervention and its evaluation study were based on programme planning and evaluation models. Within this framework, community organization principles and methods and health education theories and methods were applied. Pre‐test/post‐test control group designs were used to study changes at the individual and the organizational level. The baseline results confirm the need to carry out a comprehensive CVD prevention community project, and the appropriateness of the conceptual model that is used for the development of interventions.