Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Merging Cluster Collaboration: A Panchromatic Atlas of Radio Relic Mergers

Golovich et al. present an optical imaging and spectroscopic survey of 29 radio relic merging galaxy clusters. In this paper, we study this survey to identify substructure and quantify the dynamics of the mergers. Using a combined photometric and spectroscopic approach, we identify the minimum number of substructures in each system to describe the galaxy populations and estimate the line-of-sight velocity difference between likely merging subclusters. We find that the line-of-sight velocity components of the mergers are typically small compared with the maximum 3D relative velocity (usually <1000 km s−1 and often consistent with zero). We also compare our systems to n-body simulation analogs and estimate the viewing angle of the clean mergers in our ensemble. We find that the median system’s separation vector lies within 40° (17°) at a 90% (50%) confidence level. This suggests that the merger axes of these systems are generally in or near the plane of the sky, matching findings in magnetohydrodynamical simulations. In 28 of the 29 systems we identify substructures in the galaxy population aligned with the radio relic(s) and presumed associated merger-induced shock. From this ensemble, we identify eight systems to include in a “gold” sample that is prime for further observation, modeling, and simulation study. Additional papers will present weak-lensing mass maps and dynamical modeling for each merging system, ultimately leading to new insight into a wide range of astrophysical phenomena at some of the largest scales in the universe.
Greater water availability increases the water use efficiency and productivity of corn and bean species grown in secondary crop systems

Secondary crop cultivation is very important for producers of corn and beans crops worldwide, and can reach high levels of productivity. The study aimed to evaluate water use efficiency and grain yield response of corn and bean species cultivated in a secondary crop system, when subjected to different water levels. Two experiments were carried out, one for the corn cultivar DKB 240 and another for the bean cultivar IPR Gralha; the study was developed in an experimental area classified as Oxisol typical, both experimental designs consisted of a randomized single factor block design with five water levels (0, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of reference evapotranspiration; Eto) with three replications. The following variables were analyzed: number of rows per ear, number of grain per row, thousand grain mass and grain yield for corn; number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, thousand grains mass and grain yield for beans. Water use efficiency was calculated as the relationship between grain yield and the applied water level. The corn and bean crops had the highest water use efficiency in the levels of 100% and 125% of reference evapotranspiration, respectively. These levels showed the highest yield of crops. Both corn and beans can be recommended for planting in the second crop system as they present a high yield potential under favorable water conditions; in order to meet water demands, they require a total of 413.53 mm for corn and 447.12 mm for the bean cultivar distributed throughout the crop cycle.
Interpreting correlations between children's perceived control and cognitive performance: Control, agency, or means€nds beliefs?

The types of beliefs responsible for correlations between children's perceived control and cognitive performance were investigated in 180 2rid, 4th, and 6th graders. Children were interviewed for control beliefs regarding the attainment of desired goals, for agency beliefs regarding the accessibility of different types of means to the self, and for means-ends beliefs regarding the efficacy of different types of means. Cognitive performance variables included fluid and crystallized intelligence as well as short-term and recognition memory. Of the three types of beliefs, only agency beliefs were strongly and consistently related to cognitive performance. Correlations were greater than zero beginning in 4th grade, increased monotonically from 2rid to 6th grade, and occurred for all cognitive performance measures.
Serum 17β-estradiol and oral dryness feeling in menopause

The aim of this study was to compare serum 17β-estradiol of menopausal women with/without Oral Dryness (OD) feeling, and evaluate the re-lationship between serum 17β-estradiol and severity of OD feeling. A case-control study was carried out on 70 selected menopausal women aged 40 - 77 years with or without OD feeling (35 as case, 35 as control) conducted at the Clinic of Oral Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Xerostomia inventory (XI) score was used as an index of OD feeling severity. The serum 17β-estradiol concentration was measured by an enzyme immunoassay kit (ELISA). Statistical analysis of Student’s t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient was used. The mean serum concentration of 17β-estradiol was significantly lower in case than control. There was a significant negative correlation between XI score and concentration of 17β-estradiol in menopausal women (r = –0.311, P = 0.004). It seems that there is a negatively slight correlation between OD feeling severity and serum 17β-estradiol in menopausal women.
The difference between killing and eating: ecological shortcomings of puma energetic models

Bioenergetic modeling is employed to estimate the energetic demands of many cryptic carnivores and their kill rates needed to meet their energetic requirements. We tested two prevalent assumptions driving energetic modeling of predator kill rates: (1) morphological and physiological information (weight, energetic demands of activity patterns) of individual predators are sufficient to accurately predict their kill rates, and (2) kill and consumption rates are equivalent (meaning that carnivores consume all of what they kill). We did this by testing whether two independent energetic models accurately predicted puma (Puma concolor) kill and consumption rates in three study systems in North and South America with variable ecology, including climate and prey assemblages. Our results demonstrated that current puma energetic models drastically underestimate actual puma kill rates quantified through intensive field monitoring. We concluded that puma energetic models more realistically estimate puma consumption rates needed to meet metabolic requirements. Puma kill rates determined from field efforts were not explained by puma weight (in kg) or activity patterns (in distance traveled), which were the variables used in energetic models. Our kill rates in kg/day determined from field investigations of GPS clusters were the highest reported to date and statistically equivalent across three distinct ecosystems, a range of puma characteristics, variable lengths of monitoring, variable daily distances traveled, and across systems with 1–3 ungulate prey. In contrast, puma kill rates in ungulates/week differed across study areas, suggesting that kill rates described in kilograms per day are better suited for comparing puma kill rates across systems while kill rates in terms of ungulates per unit time are better suited for modeling predator-prey dynamics for a particular ecosystem. Based on these results we concluded that energetic models using morphological and physiological variables alone were insufficient to predict kill rates, and proposed that rather than focusing future research on refining current energetic models, future research should be directed at understanding the behavioral ecology driving carnivore kill rates.
Spin Flips and Quantum Information for Antiparallel Spins

We consider two different ways to encode quantum information, by parallel or antiparallel pairs of spins. We find that there is more information in the antiparallel ones. This purely quantum mechanical effect is due to entanglement, not of the states but occurring in the course of the measuring process. We also introduce a range of quantum information processing machines, such as spin flip and anticloning.
Nutritional Value, Functional Properties And Nutraceutical Applications Of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) Oilseeds: An Overview

Non-conventional seeds are being considered because their constituents have unique chemical properties and may augment the supply of nutritional and functional products. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds and its crude or essential oils have been widely used in traditional nutritional and medicinal applications. Consequently, black cumin has been extensively studied for its nutritional value and biological activities. The black cumin oilseed had been shown to be anticancer, antidiabetic, antiradical and immunomodulator, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive and renal protective. Moreover, black seeds had many antioxiative properties and activities. In consideration of potential utilization, detailed knowledge on the composition of black cumin oilseed is of major importance. The diversity of applications to which black cumin can be put gives this oilseed great industrial importance. This review summarize the phytochemical composition, nutritional value and pharmaceutical activities of black cumin oilseeds.
FORTY YEARS OF SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT (AND SOME HISTORY)

It took much more than 40 years to progress from handwritten and manually corrected subjective intelligibility tests to automatically controlled assessment methods. The availability of processors and key-boards provided a major improvement and triggered statistical analysis of the results. Objective assessment methods, either based on a calculation scheme or on-site physical analysis of a communication channel, became generally available and are widely used. This overview highlights some of the mile-stones to the present state-of-the-art.
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Which way to cooperate

Cooperation in real-world dilemmas takes many forms. We introduce a class of two-player games that permits two distinct ways to cooperate in the repeated game. One way to cooperate is to play cutoff strategies, which rely solely on a player’s private value to defection. The second cooperative strategy is to take turns, which relies on publicly available information. Our initial experiments reveal that almost all cooperators adopt cutoff strategies. However, follow-up experiments in which the distribution of values to defection are made more similar show that all cooperators now take turns. Our results offer insight into what form a cooperative norm will take: for mundane tasks or where individuals otherwise have similar payoffs, taking turns is likely; for difficult tasks that differentiate individuals by skill or by preferences, cutoff cooperation will emerge.
Validity and washback in language testing

Washback, a concept prominent in applied linguistics, refers to the extent to which the introduction and use of a test influences language teachers and learners to do things they would not otherwise do that promote or inhibit language learning. Some proponents have even maintained that a test's validity should be appraised by the degree to which it manifests positive or negative washback, a notion akin to the proposal of 'systemic validity' in the educational measurement literature. This article examines the concept of washback as an instance of the consequential aspect of construct validity, linking positive washback to so-called authentic and direct assessments and, more basically, to the need to minimize construct under- representation and construct-irrelevant difficulty in the test.
Population biology and habitat associations of benthic fish species in the shallow areas of a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (SE Iberian Peninsula)

The present study investigates the seasonal variation in fish abundance, fish biomass, reproductive status and population structure of four dominant benthic fish species, Salaria pavo, Pomatoschistus marmoratus, Gobius cobitis and Gobius niger, in the shallow and littoral areas of the Mar Menor coastal lagoon. In addition, the seasonal habitat associations of each species were studied by assessing environmental variables related to the habitat structure: submerged vegetation cover, submerged vegetation density, water depth and substrate composition. The temporal variations in fish density, standing stock and size frequency distributions of these species can largely be attributed to the seasonality of their breeding and juvenile recruitment periods. Moreover, habitat associations for these species were similar to those obtained in other Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal lagoons.
Assessment of Water Quality and Heavy Metal Levels in Water and Bottom Sediment Samples from Mokwé Lagoon, Accra, Ghana

The current study deals with the physicochemical characteristics of water samples from the Mokwe Lagoon in addition to trace heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the lagoon water and bottom sediments. The results indicated relatively high ionic content which was reflected in high conductivity, total dissolved Solids, alkalinity, hardness and chloride levels; and low nutrient content. The trace heavy metal levels in the lagoon water were found within good range of international guideline limits for natural waters. In contrast, the metallic levels in the sediment were high. The levels of metal contamination and distribution in the sediment samples were assessed using geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor and pollution load factor. The metal index analysis indicated high enrichment of the metals (especially Cr and Ni) which reflected anthropogenic effects of contamination attributable to several sources. The study calls for constant environmental monitoring to forestall any heavy metal hazard which could be detrimental to the aquatic ecosystem of the lagoon.
Powerful colloidal silver nanoparticles for the prevention of gastrointestinal bacterial infections

In this work we have demonstrated a powerful disinfectant ability of colloidal silver nanoparticles (NPs) for the prevention of gastrointestinal bacterial infections. The silver NPs colloid was synthesized by a UV-enhanced chemical precipitation. Two gastrointestinal bacterial strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC 43888-O157:k-:H7) and Vibrio cholerae (O1) were used to verify the antibacterial activity of the as-prepared silver NPs colloid by means of surface disinfection assay in agar plates and turbidity assay in liquid media. Transmission electron microscopy was also employed to analyze the ultrastructural changes of bacterial cells caused by silver NPs. Noticeably, our silver NPs colloid displayed a highly effective bactericidal effect against two tested gastrointestinal bacterial strains at a silver concentration as low as ∼3 mg l−1. More importantly, the silver NPs colloid showed an enhancement of antibacterial activity and long-lasting disinfectant effect as compared to conventional chloramin B (5%) disinfection agent. These advantages of the as-prepared colloidal silver NPs make them very promising for environmental treatments contaminated with gastrointestinal bacteria and other infectious pathogens. Moreover, the powerful disinfectant activity of silver-containing materials can also help in controlling and preventing further outbreak of diseases.
First simultaneous multi-wavelength observations of the black hole candidate IGR J17091 3624 ATCA, INTEGRAL, Swift, and RXTE views of the 2011 outburst

We present the results of the first four (quasi-)simultaneous radio (ATCA), X-ray (Swift, RXTE), and γ-ray (INTEGRAL) observations of the black hole candidate IGR J17091−3624, performed in February and March 2011. The X-ray analysis shows that the source was in the hard state, and then it transited to a soft intermediate state. We study the correlated radio/X-ray behaviour of this source for the first time. The radio counterpart to IGR J17091−3624 was detected during all four observations with the ATCA. In the hard state, the radio spectrum is typical of optically thick synchrotron emission from a self-absorbed compact jet. In the soft intermediate state, the detection of optically thin synchrotron emission is probably due to a discrete ejection event associated with the state transition. The position of IGR J17091−3624 in the radio versus X-ray luminosity diagram (aka fundamental plane) is compatible with that of the other black hole sources for distances greater than 11 kpc. IGR J17091−3624 also appears as a new member of the few sources that show a strong quenching of radio emission after the state transition. Using the estimated luminosity at the spectral transition from the hard state, and for a typical mass of 10 M� , we estimate a distance to the source between ∼11 and ∼17 kpc, compatible with the radio behaviour of the source.
MORAL ORIENTATION AND GOAL ORIENTATION AS MEANS OF PREDICTION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS IN HANDBALL PLAYERS Ath YANNAKOS 1

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between aggressive behavior and dimensions of moral orientation and goal orientation of handball players. Another aim of this study was to investigate the percentage used to display each type of aggression per area during a game. The participants were 18 young athletes aged 19 to 21 years of the Greek National Team, who participated in the World Handball Championship held in Thessaloniki in 2011. They filled the Moral Orientation in Physical Education Questionnaire (MOPEQ; Proios, 2010a) and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ; Duda & Nicholls, 1992). The examination of players’ aggressive behavior was achieved via observation (video analysis) by means of a specific program SportScout. The results revealed no statistically significant relationship between aggression (hostile and instrumental), and moral orientation (deontological and teleological) and target orientation (task and ego). This is possibly due to the small sample numbers in the short space of a single tournament.
Multidrug resistance protein P-glycoprotein does not recognize nanoparticle C 60 : experiment and modeling †

Organisms have evolved stress-inducible defense responses such as the P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux system tomaintain chemical homeostasis in cells for both endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. However, despite the extensive focus on the potential interactions of P-gpwith smallmolecules, the effect of nanoparticles on this transporter is scarcely reported.Thus in thiswork, in vitro experiments combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to investigate the interactions of the multidrug resistance (MDR) protein P-gp with fullerene (C60), one of the most important nano-drug carriers. Upon exposure to fluorescence-labeled C60 (0–70 mg mL ) for 2 h, significant accumulation of C60 is found in both theK562SandK562Rcells, suggesting the incapability of P-gp to induce the effluxof this nanoparticle. In addition, in vitro inhibition assays also reveal that C60 does not obviously hinder Pgp-mediated rhodamine-123 transport in both K562S and K562R cells. The theoretical simulations further reveal themechanism involved inC60-P-gp interactions, i.e., the binding ofC60 barely induces the conformational changes of P-gp with RMSD of 4.8 A and radius of gyration of 41.5 A, and also no theoretical evidence shows that the C60 acts as a substrate or inhibitor of P-glycoprotein. These results demonstrate the potential of C60 as a good carrier candidate for MDR-targeted drug delivery, since organisms probably have not evolved to recognize this nanoparticle.
Chemical and Nutrient Evaluation of Moringa Oleifera Seed and Oil Cultivated in Egypt

This study was conducted on the extraction of oil from the plant Moringa oleifera cultivated under Egyptian conditions in three places, is the North Sinai Governorate (NS), Ismailia (IS), Minya (MA province). The aim was to study and evaluate effective nutritive value in the extracted seed oils Moringa oleifera, chemical and physical study of those components, 20 kg of ripe seeds were collected from three places (SN), (IS), (MA) and oil extraction, store at - 20 ° C until used. The results proved to contain Moringa oleifera seed to 40.2% by weight in favor of oils for human use next to contain nutrients granted retain vitality and viability of storage for a long time . The values (iodine - refractive index - saponification value - the values of density - viscosity) do not have difference in the three sites under study. The values free fatty acids (FFA), show good resistance to oil degradation compared to the values of olive oil, corn oil, cotton oil, peanut oil. The values of peroxide with low values indicating a resistance to oil, Moringa oleifera from oxidation during storage, making it the important nutritional oils to store and persistence chemically, study proved that tocopherol values (α- γ-δ-) and the image of high values, was tocopherol - α (126.1- 127) milligrams, so it has a greater vitamin (E) well compared to other oils such as coconut 17 mg, sunflower 7 mg. The fatty acids (FA) in Moringa oleifera oils containing oleic acid (C18: 1) up to 74.4% and is considered the best by comparing other. The presence of beta-sitosterol (β-sitosterol) one of the important and which play an important role in the metabolism within the body and is an important and active ingredient for patients with high cholesterol and triglycerides and diseases of atherosclerosis and heart disease, obesity, food Sterols.
A critical examination of service loyalty measures

Abstract Service loyalty is attracting growing interest as a result of the important role that services play in today’s global economy. Advances in technology have increased the demand for a services-based economy and prompted a shift from a product-centred logic to a service-centred logic. Despite general agreement between researchers and practitioners of the strategic importance of service loyalty, and growing acceptance of a dynamic or processual perspective, scales used to measure the dynamic view of service loyalty can be criticised for their lack of methodological robustness. This paper contributes both theoretically and practically by critically examining these service loyalty scales and proposing a new multi-item scale based on Oliver’s (1997) conceptualisation using a mixed-method study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from UK retail bank customers using in-depth interviews and an interviewer-administered survey. A two-step structural equation modelling strategy was used to validate the measurement and structural models. The results provide support for a four-dimensional scale of service loyalty. This study provides service researchers and managers with a better understanding of service loyalty and presents them with a robust scale for its measurement, in turn improving their ability to draw accurate conclusions.
Current and Voltage Conveyors in Current- and Voltage-Mode Precision Full-Wave Rectifiers

In this paper new versatile precision full-wave rectifiers using current and/or voltage conveyors as active elements and two diodes are presented. The performance of these circuit solutions is analysed and compared to the opamp based precision rectifier. To analyze the behavior of the functional blocks, the frequency dependent RMS error and DC transient value are evaluated for different values of input voltage amplitudes. Furthermore, experimental results are given that show the feasibilities of the conveyor based rectifiers superior to the corresponding operational ampli- fier based topology.