Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"GREEN GAS" AS SNG (SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS) A RENEWABLE FUEL WITH CONVENTIONAL QUALITY

”Green Gas” as SNG (Synthetic Natural Gas) can play an important role in the transition process from the present Dutch fossil fuel-based energy supply to a renewable fuel-based economy. Anaerobic digestion and supercritical water gasification have been assessed for SNG production from wet biomass streams. For relatively dry biomass streams steam-blown indirect gasification, pressurised oxygenblown gasification, hydrogasification, and co-production of both Fischer-Tropsch diesel and SNG have been considered. All cases with upstream gasification are followed, after gas cleanup, by a downstream methanation step. Although upgrading of landfill gas, or biogas produced via anaerobic digestion of wet biomass, will be interesting for the short-term introduction of “Green Gas” in the Dutch energy supply, the supercritical water gasification processes seem to be more promising for conversion of wet biomass to “Green Gas” on the longer term. Based on the modelling results, the upstream-pressurised oxygen-blown CFB and indirect atmospheric steam-blown gasification with downstream methanation routes were identified to be the most promising options for stand-alone SNG production from relatively dry biomass feedstocks. In combination with downstream methanation, SNG production efficiencies up to 70% (LHV) can be achieved. The successful integrated lab-scale demonstration of “Green Gas” production confirmed the potential of the ECN gas cleanup concept to deliver a product gas that can satisfy, among others, the specifications for downstream methanation. For 100 MWth stand-alone systems and biomass costs of 2.3 €/GJwood, the SNG production costs range from 7.8 to 8.5 €/GJSNG and the CO2 emission reduction costs range from 83 to 95 €/tonne. “Green Gas” production via biomass gasification with downstream methanation will become an economic feasible process in the Netherlands, when “Green Gas” receives the same tax exemptions as currently are given to green electricity.
Dispersion of Axisymmetric Longtudinal Waves in a Pre-Strained Imperfectly Bonded Bi-Layered Hollow Cylinder

This paper studies the dispersion of the axisymmetric longitudinal wave propagation in the pre-strained hollow cylinder consisting of two-layers under the shear-spring type imperfectness of the contact conditions between these layers. The investigations are made within the framework of the piecewise homogeneous body model by utilizing the 3D linearized theory of elastic waves in elastic bodies with initial stresses. It is assumed that the layers of the cylinder are made from compressible hyper-elastic materials and their elasticity relations are given through the harmonic potential. The degree of the mentioned imperfectness is estimated by the shear-spring parameter. Numerical results on the influence of this parameter on the behavior of the dispersion curves related to the fundamental mode are presented and discussed. It is established that the considered type imperfectness of the contact conditions causes two branches of the dispersion curve related to the fundamental mode to appear: the first disappears, but the second approaches the dispersion curve obtained for the perfect interface case by decreasing the shear-spring parameter.
Understanding Belgian Individual Investors: Complementarity of Qualitative and Quantitative Methodologies in a Grounded Theory Approach

This article describes the methodological reasoning followed while studying Belgian individual investors and shows how two methodological approaches, one qualitative and one quantitative, can together allow to build a real inductive process within priority is given to data and to returns from the field. How do individual investors experience their investment? Are they one or several investor’s profiles? Our research explores an unknown territory (Bouchard, 200). Many researches focus on investor behaviour bias and their underperformance. No researches studied Belgian individual investors, few studies used mixed methodologies (qualitative and quantitative) and few studies used primary data. Our research proposes to fill that gap. Thanks to the qualitative phase (17 interviews of Belgian investors) we highlighted the importance of family tradition and the influence of environment regarding investment decisions; the difference of perception between investors and their environment, qualities of a good investor and their perception of financial intermediaries. The quantitative phase (706 questionnaires) allowed to discover 5 investors’ profiles in term of behaviour: the followers, the traditionalists, the sleeping investors, the experts and the gamblers. This article also pinpoints all difficulties met during the research using grounded theory and proposed the solutions used by the authors.
Alliance capability, collaboration quality, and alliance performance : an integrated framework

Building on the complementary nature of transaction cost theory and the resource-based view, this study examines alliance capability and collaboration quality as antecedents of alliance performance. Although various researchers have investigated the individual concepts’ influences on alliance performance, an integrated view is missing. Building on earlier research, we propose an integrated framework, which links the firm-level concept of alliance capability with the dyadic level concept of collaboration quality, thus, increasing the understanding of the relationship between the theoretical concepts used to explain alliance performance. The framework suggests that both alliance capability and collaboration quality are antecedents of alliance performance, but more importantly that collaboration quality is an intermediate outcome of alliance capability.
A Bulk Parameterization of Giant CCN

Abstract A parameterization for giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN), suitable for use in bulk microphysical models, has been developed that uses precise representations of the condensational growth of aerosol particles in the subcloud layer. The formulation employs an observationally based GCCN distribution function and directly observable parameters of GCCN, such as concentration and the shape of the aerosol spectra. The parameterization couples naturally to parameterizations of sea salt flux from the ocean surface. The behavior of the GCCN parameterization in a large eddy simulation (LES) framework is consistent with simulations employing explicit, size-resolving microphysical methods. The parameterization properly represents the sensitivity of cloud, drizzle, turbulence, and radiative properties to changes in GCCN concentration for polluted and clean background CCN environments.
Diffusion creep and partial melting in high temperature mylonitic gneisses, Hope Valley shear zone, New England Appalachians, USA

Field, petrographic, microstructural and isotopic studies of mylonitic gneisses and associated pegmatites along the Hope Valley shear zone in southern Rhode Island indicate that late Palaeozoic deformation (c. 275 Ma) in this zone occurred at very high temperatures (>650 °C). High‐energy cuspate/lobate phase boundary microstructures, a predominance of equant to sub‐equant grains with low internal lattice strain, and mixed phase distributions indicate that diffusion creep was an important and possibly predominant deformation mechanism. Field and petrographic evidence are consistent with the presence of an intergranular melt phase during deformation, some of which collected into syntectonic pegmatites. Rb/Sr isotopic analyses of tightly sampled pegmatites and wall rocks confirm that the pegmatites were derived as partial melts of the immediately adjacent, isotopically heterogeneous mylonitic gneisses. The presence of syntectonic interstitial melts is inferred to have permitted a switch from dislocation creep to melt‐enhanced diffusion creep as the dominant mechanism in these relatively coarse‐grained mylonitic gneisses (200–500 µm syn‐deformational grain size). A switch to diffusion creep would lead to significant weakening, and may explain why the Hope Valley shear zone evolved into a major regional tectonic boundary. This work identifies conditions under which diffusion creep operates in naturally deformed granitic rocks and illuminates the deformation processes involved in the development of a tectonic boundary between two distinct Late Proterozoic (Avalonian) basement terranes.
An Exploration of Foreign Language Anxiety and English Learning Motivation

Perceived to be two important affective variables, anxiety and motivation have been found to be highly correlated to second/foreign language acquisition. In order to examine the relationship between foreign language anxiety, English learning motivation, and performance in English, the present study investigated 980 undergraduate students from three universities in China who answered a 76-item survey. Analyses of the data revealed that (1) the respondents generally did not feel anxious in English and were moderately motivated to learn English, (2) foreign language anxiety and English learning motivation were significantly negatively correlated with each other, and (3) both foreign language anxiety and English learning motivation were significantly correlated with students' performance in English. Among the scales, foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCAS), intrinsic motivation (IntrinM), instrumental motivation (InstruM), fear of being negatively evaluated (FLCAS1), and interest in foreign languages and cultures (IFLC) proved to be powerful predictors for the latter.
First operational experience with the LHC machine protection system when operating with beam energies beyond the 100MJ range

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has made remarkable progress during 2011, surpassing its ambitious goal for the year in terms of luminosity delivered to the LHC experiments. This achievement was made possible by a progressive increase of beam intensities by more than 5 orders of magnitude during the first months of operation, reaching stored beam energies beyond the 100MJ range at the end of the year, less than a factor of 4 from the nominal design value. The correct functioning of the machine protection systems is vital during the different operational phases, for initial operation and even more when approaching nominal beam parameters where already a small fraction of the stored energy is sufficient to damage accelerator equipment or experiments in case of uncontrolled beam loss. Safe operation of the machine in presence of such high intensity proton beams is guaranteed by the interplay of many different systems: beam dumping system, beam interlocks, beam instrumentation, equipment monitoring, collimators and absorbers. The strategy applied during 2011 to allow for an efficient but yet safe increase of the beam intensities is presented along with the associated risks and drawbacks of a too aggressive approach. The experience gained with the key systems of LHC machine protection since start-up of LHC luminosity operation will be discussed along with possibilities to further enhance machine availability whilst maintaining the current level of safety.
Impact of compensation on solar grade silicon for photovoltaics

The total concentration of doping species in both p- and n-type crystalline Si materials can be easily estimated by resistivity measurements. However, to use this relation for estimating the net doping density for compensated materials can be questioned due to the interaction between doping species. This study was undertaken in order to elucidate if resistivity measurements can be used to estimate the net doping density in materials with dopant densities characteristic for compensated solar cell silicon. The net doping density, N-A-N-D, of several p-type compensated mc-Si ingots with different contents of B and P has been independently measured by chemical analyses (GDMS) and resistivity measurements (FPP). N-A is assumed to be equal to the sum of B and Al atomic concentrations, whereas N-D is assumed to be equal to the P concentration. The net doping densities obtained by the two methods are in agreement within the uncertainty limits for the GDMS measurements, indicating that resistivity measurements give a good estimate of the net doping densities investigated here. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
The geometry of non-unit Pisot substitutions

Let $\sigma$ be a non-unit Pisot substitution and let $\alpha$ be the associated Pisot number. It is known that one can associate certain fractal tiles, so-called \emph{Rauzy fractals}, with $\sigma$. In our setting, these fractals are subsets of a certain open subring of the ad\`ele ring $\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}(\alpha)}$. We present several approaches on how to define Rauzy fractals and discuss the relations between them. In particular, we consider Rauzy fractals as the natural geometric objects of certain numeration systems, define them in terms of the one-dimensional realization of $\sigma$ and its dual (in the spirit of Arnoux and Ito), and view them as the dual of multi-component model sets for particular cut and project schemes. We also define stepped surfaces suited for non-unit Pisot substitutions. We provide basic topological and geometric properties of Rauzy fractals associated with non-unit Pisot substitutions, prove some tiling results for them, and provide relations to subshifts defined in terms of the periodic points of $\sigma$, to adic transformations, and a domain exchange. We illustrate our results by examples on two and three letter substitutions.
Impacts of Two-Type ENSO on Rainfall over Taiwan

Impacts of two-type ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation), canonical ENSO and ENSO Modoki, on rainfall over Taiwan are investigated by the monthly mean rainfall data accessed from Taiwan Central Weather Bureau. The periods of the two-type ENSO are distinguished by Nino 3.4 index and ENSO Modoki index (EMI). The rainfall data in variously geographical regions are analyzed with the values of Nino 3.4 and EMI by correlation method. Results show that the seasonal rainfalls over Taiwan are different depending on the effects of two-type ENSO. In canonical El Nino episode, the rainfall increases in winter and spring while it reduces in summer and autumn. On the contrary, the rainfall increases in summer and autumn but reduces in winter and spring in El Nino Modoki episode. Nevertheless, two types of La Nina cause similar effects on the rainfall over Taiwan. It increases in autumn only. The rainfall variations in different types of ENSO are mainly caused by the monsoon and topography.
On the spin-dependent sensitivity of XENON100

The latest XENON100 data severely constrains dark matter elastic scattering off nuclei, leading to impressive upper limits on the spin-independent cross-section. The main goal of this paper is to stress that the same data set has also an excellent \emph{spin-dependent} sensitivity, which is of utmost importance in probing dark matter models. We show in particular that the constraints set by XENON100 on the spin-dependent neutron cross-section are by far the best at present, whereas the corresponding spin-dependent proton limits lag behind other direct detection results. The effect of nuclear uncertainties on the structure functions of xenon isotopes is analysed in detail and found to lessen the robustness of the constraints, especially for spin-dependent proton couplings. Notwithstanding, the spin-dependent neutron prospects for XENON1T and DARWIN are very encouraging. We apply our constraints to well-motivated dark matter models and demonstrate that in both mass-degenerate scenarios and the minimal supersymmetric standard model the spin-dependent neutron limits can actually override the spin-independent limits. This opens the possibility of probing additional unexplored regions of the dark matter parameter space with the next generation of ton-scale direct detection experiments.
Second Homes within Irish Housing Booms and Busts: North-South Comparisons, Contrasts, and Debates

We examine the expansion of second home ownership in the two jurisdictions on the island of Ireland—the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The phenomenon has emerged more recently here than in many other countries. While the growth of second homes in Ireland can be explained by many of the factors which have contributed to rising second home ownership internationally, local factors distinguish the two jurisdictions both from each other and from other cases. We compare and contrast the situation in the two jurisdictions, while also locating them in an international context. We assess the impact of second homes on local communities, housing markets, and the environment in Ireland and highlight the key public policy issues arising in each jurisdiction.
Producers’ expectations and the business cycle

This paper isolates the role of expectations on the producers' side. Positive shocks to expectations, which can be due to shocks to producers' private information, transient productivity shocks, or positive `surprise' monetary policy shocks, are shown to cause increases in employment, output, and prices, but be in ationary only on impact and deflationary thereafter. A Friedman-rule emerges as the optimal monetary policy in this framework; however, a policy as aggressive on in ation as possible is a second-best policy.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE BODY FORM AND MORTALITY IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL AND EARLY LARVAL STAGES OF THE ALASKA POLLACK, THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA (PALLAS)

Title EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE BODY FORM AND MORTALITY IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL AND EARLY LARVAL STAGES OF THE ALASKA POLLACK, THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA (PALLAS) Author(s) HAMAI, Ikusô; KYÛSHIN, Kenichiro; KINOSHITA, Tetsuichiro Citation 北海道大學水産學部研究彙報 = BULLETIN OF THE FACULTY OF FISHERIES HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 22(1): 11-29 Issue Date 1971-05 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/24215 Type bulletin File Information 22(1)_P11-29.pdf
Who's That Lying in My Coffin? An Imposter Exposed by 14C Dating

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many museums acquired Egyptian coffins containing mummies from private donors who bought them from dealers in Egypt. Owing to the unknown context of such acquisitions, it cannot be assumed that the mummified individual inside the coffin is the same person named on it. Radiocarbon dating is a key diagnostic test, within the framework of a multidisciplinary study, to help resolve this question. The dating of an adult mummy in the Nicholson Museum at the University of Sydney was therefore checked using 14C dating. For over 150 yr, mummy NM R28.2 was identified as Padiashaikhet as per his coffin, dated to the 25th Dynasty, about 725–700 BC. 14C results from samples of linen wrappings revealed that the mummy was an unknown individual from the Roman period, cal AD 68–129. The mummification technique can now be understood within its correct historical context.
Impact of Job Involvement, Commitment, Job Satisfaction on Turnover: An Empirical Investigation on Banking Sector

This paper examines the relationship between human attitudinal and behavioral factors of employees involvement and satisfaction in relation with a job and there commitment associated with the organization, along with there effect on labor turnover in banking sector of Pakistan by understanding of which an organization can create a idyllic and conducive working environment. Relationship between the variables under study is explored using structural equation modeling as a statistical tool. Positive association were revealed among involvement related to job, commitment to an organization with satisfaction related to a job during the study on the other hand insignificant connection among commitment in relation with the organization, satisfaction in relation with the job itself and intentions toward turnover were partially maintained by the findings. Model used in the present investigation is tested empirically and fit indices confirm it. Keywords : Organizational commitment, Job Involvement, Job satisfaction, Labor turnover intention, Structural Equation Modeling.
A study of the McGurk effect in 4 and 5-year-old French Canadian children

It has been shown that visual cues play a crucial role in the perception of vowels and consonants. Conflicting consonantal stimuli presented in the visual and auditory modalities can even result in the emergence of a third perceptual unit (McGurk effect). From a developmental point of view, several studies report that newborns can associate the image of a face uttering a given vowel to the auditory signal corresponding to this vowel; visual cues are thus used by the newborns. Despite the large number of studies carried out with adult speakers and newborns, very little work has been conducted with preschool-aged children. This contribution is aimed at describing the use of auditory and visual cues by 4 and 5year-old French Canadian speakers, compared to adult speakers, in the identification of voiced consonants. Audiovisual recordings of a French Canadian speaker uttering the sequences [aba], [ada], [aga], [ava], [ibi], [idi], [igi], [ivi] have been carried out. The acoustic and visual signals have been extracted and analysed so that conflicting and non-conflicting stimuli, between the two modalities, were obtained. The resulting stimuli were presented as a perceptual test to eight 4 and 5-year-old French Canadian speakers and ten adults in three conditions: visual-only, auditory-only, and audiovisual. Results show that, even though the visual cues have a significant effect on the identification of the stimuli for adults and children, children are less sensitive to visual cues in the audiovisual condition. Such results shed light on the role of multimodal perception in the emergence and the refinement of the phonological system in children.
Self-Dual Effective Compact and True Compacton Configurations in Generalized Abelian Higgs Models

We have studied the existence of self-dual effective compact and true compacton configurations in Abelian Higgs models with generalized dynamics. We have named an effective compact solution the one whose profile behavior is very similar to the one of a compacton structure but still preserves a tail in its asymptotic decay. In particular, we have investigated the electrically neutral configurations of the Maxwell-Higgs and Born-Infeld-Higgs models and the electrically charged ones of the Chern-Simons-Higgs and Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs models. The generalization of the kinetic terms is performed by means of dielectric functions in gauge and Higgs sectors. The implementation of the BPS formalism without the need to use a specific Ansatz has led us to the explicit determination for the dielectric function associated with the Higgs sector to be proportional to , . Consequently, the followed procedure allows us to determine explicitly new families of self-dual potential for every model. We have also observed that, for sufficiently large values of , every model supports effective compact vortices. The true compacton solutions arising for are analytical. Therefore, these new self-dual structures enhance the space of BPS solutions of the Abelian Higgs models and they probably will imply interesting applications in physics and mathematics.