Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Dual MIMO Antenna System With Dual-Function GND-Plane Frequency-Agile Antenna

In this letter, an integrated multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The proposed design consists of a two-element printed inverted F-shape (IFA) MIMO antenna integrated with a two-element frequency-agile annular slot-based MIMO antenna system. The IFA operates at the WLAN band, while the annular slots act as an isolation enhancement structure between the two IFA elements. Furthermore, the annular slots are tuned over the bands from 1.73 to 2.28 GHz with a minimum bandwidth of 60 MHz. The slots are made reconfigurable using varactor diodes. The integrated MIMO antenna system is designed on commercially available FR-4 substrate with dimensions $\text{50} \times \text{110} \times \text{1.56}\,\text{mm}^{3}$ . All the antenna elements are of small size, low profile, and planar in structure and hence can easily be accommodated in wireless devices for second-generation cognitive radio applications.
A clinical review of large cerebello pontile angle tumors.

The study was designed as retro-prospective and the study period was 3.5 years. A total of 66 (42 prospective and 24 retrospective) consecutive patients were included in the study. The commonest tumor in CPA is the Schwannoma (76%) followed by Meningioma (13.3%) and Epidermoid (4.44%). Unusual forms are Ependymoma and Hemangiopericytoma. Amongst the troublesome clinical features headache, hearing loss, vertigo and imbalance, vomiting and tinnitus were more important besides visual failure and features of lower cranial nerve involvement. The objective of the study is to "Review the Large Cerebello Pontile Angle tumors clinically". In this study 66 large CPA tumors were included and analyzed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implied for the test of significance. On the whole, n=66 Schwannoma represents 76.70% and Meningioma 15.38%. Of these there are 45 cases with histological verification. The most common presenting (average duration is 1.3 years) symptoms were Headache (94.54%) and Hearing loss of varying grade (85.45%). Vertigo or imbalance was present in 67.27% cases. Vomiting was found in 54.54% of the times and difficulties in deglutition or voice change were complained of in 29.09% cases. Tinnitus was found only in 27.27% cases and it was the complaint mostly in lower diameter tumors. By maximum diameter, there were 24 cases measuring 3-4 cm, 15 more than 4 cm and only one case <3 cm sized tumors. Volume-wise tumors with volume <10 cc were 5 cases, 10-20 cc were 10, 20-30 cc were 13, 30-40 cc were 6 and >40 cc were 6. Similarly tumor volume and posterior fossa volume ratio was as follows: <10% were 6 cases, 10-20% were 15 cases, 20-30% were 7 cases and >30% were 6 cases. Amongst the schwannomas, the consistency of the tumor has been shown to be important factor for LCN involvement. The softer variety involved LCN more often than the harder (p<0.05). The involvement of the different groups of lower cranial nerve ranged from 7% to 92%.
A Comparison of the Clinico-Radiological Outcomes with Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN) and Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) in Fixation of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures.

INTRODUCTION Management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures poses challenges in terms of obtaining stable fixation and good postoperative outcomes. There is a paucity of clinical data comparing the commonly used Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN) and Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) implants, especially in relation to osteoporosis. AIM To assess comparative performance of PFN and PFNA in the setting of osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients presenting with unstable intertrochanteric fractures (AO 31.A2 and 31.A3) were included and treated with either PFN or PFNA. Preoperative radiographs of normal side were used to grade osteoporosis by Singh's index. Grade 3 or less was considered significant. Postoperative radiographs were assessed for tip-apex distance, Cleveland index and quality of reduction. Patients were followed up for a minimum of nine months and any complications noted. Comparison of functional outcomes was done using the Harris Hip Score and Parker-Palmer mobility score at final follow up. Statistical analysis was done using the unpaired t-test/Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test/Fisher's-exact test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The study included 48 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures, of which 23 were treated with PFN and 25 with PFNA. Average age of PFN group was 60.78 years and of PFNA group was 74.12 years. In PFN group 8 patients (38.09%) and in PFNA group 13 patients (54.1%) had Singh's osteoporotic index of ≤ 3. The average Harris Hip Score was 75.37 and 78.85 in PFN and PFNA groups (p=0.54) respectively. From PFN and PFNA groups, 35% and 32% patients respectively were able to return to pre-injury mobility status as assessed by the Parker-Palmer mobility score (p=0.83). Out of eight implant related complications; seven were in patients treated with PFN (p=0.02). Among patients with Singh's grade ≤ 3, 3 (37.5%) in PFN group suffered from implant failure whereas all 13 patients in PFNA group had successful outcome (p=0.04). CONCLUSION Although functional outcomes achieved with both implants are similar (p=0.83), number of implant related complications were fewer with PFNA (p=0.02), even in osteoporotic group (p=0.04). We recommend use of the PFNA in unstable fractures, especially in the elderly osteoporotic population.
Impact of Intraoperative Donor Management on Short-Term Renal Function After Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy

ObjectiveTo determine whether intraoperative diuresis, postoperative recovery, and early graft function differ between laparoscopic open nephrectomy (LDN) and open donor nephrectomy (ODN). Summary Background DataLaparoscopic donor nephrectomy can reduce donor complications in terms of decreased pain and shorter convalescence. Although its technical feasibility has been established, concerns have been raised about the impaired renal function resulting from pneumoperitoneum and short- and long-term function of kidneys removed by LDN. MethodsBetween December 1997 and December 2000, 89 LDNs were performed at the authors’ institution. These were compared with 83 conventional ODNs performed between January 1994 and December 1997. Graft function, intraoperative variables, and clinical outcome were compared. ResultsLaparoscopic donor nephrectomy was attempted in 89 patients and completed in 91% (81/89). Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group. During kidney dissection, the amount of fluids administered and intraoperative diuresis were significantly lower for LDN. In recipients, mean serum creatinine was higher after LDN compared with ODN 1 day after surgery. From postoperative days 2 until 28, there were no differences in serum creatinine. Graft survival rates were similar for LDN and ODN. ConclusionsDonors can benefit from an improvement in postoperative recovery after LDN. Assessment of an adequate perioperative hydration protocol is mandatory to ensure optimal kidney quality during laparoscopic procurement. The initial graft survival and function rates justify continued development and adoption of LDN.
Evidence in the palm of your hand: development of an outcomes-focused knowledge translation intervention.

AIM The aim of the project was to develop an electronic information gathering and dissemination system to support both nursing-sensitive outcomes data collection and evidence-based decision-making at the point-of-patient care. BACKGROUND With the current explosion of health-related knowledge, it is a challenge for nurses to regularly access information that is most current. The Internet provides timely access to health information, however, nurses do not readily use the Internet to access practice information because of being task-driven and coping with heavy workloads. Mobile computing technology addresses this reality by providing the opportunity for nurses to access relevant information at the time of nurse-patient contact. METHOD A cross-sectional, mixed-method design was used to describe nurses' requirements for point-of-care information collection and utilization. The sample consisted of 51 nurses from hospital and home care settings. Data collection involved work sampling and focus group interviews. FINDINGS In the hospital sector, 40% of written information was recorded onto "personal papers" at point-of-care and later transcribed into the clinical record. Nurses often sought information away from the point-of-care; for example, centrally located health records, or policy and procedure manuals. In home care, documentation took place in clients' homes. The most frequent source of information was "nurse colleagues. " Nurses' top priorities for information were vital signs data, information on intravenous (IV) drug compatibility, drug references, and manuals of policies and procedures. IMPLICATIONS A prototype software system was designed that enables nurses to use handheld computers to simultaneously document patients' responses to treatment, obtain real-time feedback about patient outcomes, and access electronic resources to support clinical decision-making. CONCLUSION The prototype software system has the potential to increase nurses' access to patient outcomes information and evidence for point-of-care decision-making.
One Key to the Future: Engaging with Globally Recognised Ethical Norms

This paper reports a study of the ethical development over a teaching session of 135 students (out of 367 enrolled) formally studying professional ethics while undertaking their final year study of a BE. The methodology used a test similar to Rest's Defining Issues Test in a voluntary on-line student survey. The main findings are that both female students and international students showed more ethical development than the overall average. As the students came from 3 different courses, comparing the respective courses and outcomes provides further evidence that aligning learning objectives, assessment and activities enhances learning.
Error exponent in asymmetric quantum hypothesis testing and its application to classical-quantum channel coding

An upper bound on simple quantum hypothesis testing in the asymmetric setting is shown using a useful inequality by Audenaert et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 160501 (2007)] which was originally invented for symmetric setting. Using this upper bound, we obtain the Hoeffding bound, which is identical with the classical counterpart if the hypotheses, composed of two density operators, are mutually commutative. Its attainability has been a long-standing open problem. Further, using this bound, we obtain a better exponential upper bound of the average error probability of classical-quantum channel coding.
Agricultural Growth and Economic Convergence in Indian Agriculture

The benefits of agricultural growth have been concentrated in India’s richer states, leaving the poorer states lagging further behind. The convergence process of agricultural economic growth in the context of globalisation and economic liberalisation would reveal the implications for support for or withdrawal from economic reform and for further opening of the Indian economy. Evidence of absolute β-convergence in per hectare net state domestic product (NSDP) agricultural levels across Indian states reveals the tendency of states to converge to identical steady states level. Bernard Jones approach confirms that convergence is conditional. Fertiliser, public finance, small-landholdings, cropping intensity, agricultural research and education, physical infrastructure, agricultural mechanisation and diversification were the discerned factors for causing conditional convergence. The study concludes that the benefits of economic reforms started by Government of India have shown impact on the convergence process of per hectare NSDP agriculture among Indian states.
Isolation, Characterization, and Culture of Human Spermatogonia1

Abstract This study was designed to isolate, characterize, and culture human spermatogonia. Using immunohistochemistry on tubule sections, we localized GPR125 to the plasma membrane of a subset of the spermatogonia. Immunohistochemistry also showed that MAGEA4 was expressed in all spermatogonia (Adark, Apale, and type B) and possibly preleptotene spermatocytes. Notably, KIT was expressed in late spermatocytes and round spermatids, but apparently not in human spermatogonia. UCHL1 was found in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia, whereas POU5F1 was not detected in any of the human germ cells. GFRA1 and ITGA6 were localized to the plasma membrane of the spermatogonia. Next, we isolated GPR125-positive spermatogonia from adult human testes using a two-step enzymatic digestion followed by magnetic-activated cell sorting. The isolated GPR125-positive cells coexpressed GPR125, ITGA6, THY1, and GFRA1, and they could be cultured for short periods of time and exhibited a marked increase in cell numbers as shown by a proliferation assay. Immunocytochemistry of putative stem cell genes after 2 wk in culture revealed that the cells were maintained in an undifferentiated state. MAPK1/3 phosphorylation was increased after 2 wk of culture of the GPR125-positive spermatogonia compared to the freshly isolated cells. Taken together, these results indicate that human spermatogonia share some but not all phenotypes with spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and progenitors from other species. GPR125-positive spermatogonia are phenotypically putative human SSCs and retain an undifferentiated status in vitro. This study provides novel insights into the molecular characteristics, isolation, and culture of human SSCs and/or progenitors and suggests that the MAPK1/3 pathway is involved in their proliferation.
Synaptic Currents Generating the Inhibitory Surround of Ganglion Cells in the Mammalian Retina

The receptive field (RF) of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) consists of an excitatory central region, the RF center, and an inhibitory peripheral region, the RF surround. It is still unknown in detail which inhibitory interneurons (horizontal or amacrine cells) and which inhibitory circuits (presynaptic or postsynaptic) generate the RF surround. To study surround inhibition, light-evoked whole-cell currents were recorded from RGCs of the isolated, intact rabbit retina. The RFs were stimulated with light or dark spots of increasing diameters and with annular light stimuli. Direct inhibitory currents could be isolated by voltage clamping ganglion cells close to the Na+/K+ reversal potential. They mostly represent an input from GABAergic amacrine cells that contribute to the inhibitory surround of ganglion cells. This direct inhibitory input and its physiological function were also investigated by recording light-evoked action potentials of RGCs in the current-clamp mode and by changing the intracellular Cl−concentration. The excitatory input of the ganglion cells could be isolated by voltage clamping ganglion cells at the Cl− reversal potential. Large light spots and annular light stimuli caused a strong attenuation of the excitatory input. Both GABAA receptors and GABAC receptors contributed to this inhibition, and picrotoxinin was able to completely block it. Together, these results show that the RF surround of retinal ganglion cells is mediated by a combination of direct inhibitory synapses and presynaptic surround inhibition.
Understanding political participation in West Africa: the relationship between good governance and local citizen engagement

Strengthening citizen participation in West Africa is an increasingly important aspect of democratic development – especially in mitigating setbacks arising from poor governance. This article uses Round 4 Afrobarometer data to explore what stimulates local-level participation by examining determinants against the backdrop of eight West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal. Using a negative binomial regression model, our results are evaluated within the framework of good governance, and show that local context, specifically relative to citizens’ perceptions of and attitudes about the performance of local government, matters when it comes to local political participation. Points for practitioners This study provides public administrators with a framework for understanding what drives local-level, non-electoral citizen participation in West Africa, and helps them understand how to increase local citizen engagement and build a more democratic society through the pursuit of good governance principles. In addition, this study highlights the critical importance of local government performance, and the role of citizens’ attitudes and evaluations, in local civic engagement.
Do environmental policies affect global value chains?: A new perspective on the pollution haven hypothesis

Increasing international fragmentation of production has reinforced fears that industrial activity may flee to countries with laxer environmental policies – in line with the so-called Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH). If PHH effects are strong, domestic responses to environmental challenges may prove ineffective or meet strong resistance. Using a gravity model of bilateral trade in manufacturing industries for selected OECD and BRIICS countries over 1990s-2000s, this paper studies how exports are related to national environmental policies. Environmental policies are not found to be a major driver of international trade patterns, but have some significant effects on specialisation. More stringent domestic policies have no significant effect on overall trade in manufactured goods, but are linked to a comparative disadvantage in “dirty” industries, and a corresponding advantage in “cleaner” industries. The effects are stronger for the domestic component of exports than for gross exports, yet notably smaller than the effects of e.g. trade liberalisation. Les politiques environnementales ont-elles une incidence sur les chaines de valeur mondiales ? : Un nouveau point de vue sur l'hypothese du havre de pollution La fragmentation internationale croissante de la production a renforce les craintes de voir l’activite industrielle migrer vers des pays dotes de politiques environnementales plus laxistes – selon ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler « l’hypothese du havre de pollution » (HHP). Si cette hypothese se verifie effectivement, les efforts deployes au niveau national pour faire face aux defis environnementaux pourraient se reveler inoperants ou se heurter a une forte resistance. A l’aide d’un modele gravitationnel des echanges commerciaux bilateraux applique aux industries manufacturieres de certains pays de l'OCDE et des BRIICS sur la periode 1990-2009, ce rapport etudie le lien entre les exportations et les politiques environnementales nationales. Il en ressort que les politiques environnementales n’ont pas d’incidence determinante sur les exportations globales, mais ont un effet significatif sur le specialisation. Cependant, en modifiant les prix relatifs des intrants, les politiques nationales plus rigoureuses vont de pair avec un desavantage comparatif dans les industries « polluantes », et un avantage correspondant dans les industries « plus propres ». Ces effets sont particulierement perceptibles pour la composante de valeur ajoutee nationale des exportations, mais sensiblement moins que ceux de la liberalisation des echanges, par exemple.
Sample Size Calculations for Population Size Estimation Studies Using Multiplier Methods With Respondent-Driven Sampling Surveys

Background While guidance exists for obtaining population size estimates using multiplier methods with respondent-driven sampling surveys, we lack specific guidance for making sample size decisions. Objective To guide the design of multiplier method population size estimation studies using respondent-driven sampling surveys to reduce the random error around the estimate obtained. Methods The population size estimate is obtained by dividing the number of individuals receiving a service or the number of unique objects distributed (M) by the proportion of individuals in a representative survey who report receipt of the service or object (P). We have developed an approach to sample size calculation, interpreting methods to estimate the variance around estimates obtained using multiplier methods in conjunction with research into design effects and respondent-driven sampling. We describe an application to estimate the number of female sex workers in Harare, Zimbabwe. Results There is high variance in estimates. Random error around the size estimate reflects uncertainty from M and P, particularly when the estimate of P in the respondent-driven sampling survey is low. As expected, sample size requirements are higher when the design effect of the survey is assumed to be greater. Conclusions We suggest a method for investigating the effects of sample size on the precision of a population size estimate obtained using multipler methods and respondent-driven sampling. Uncertainty in the size estimate is high, particularly when P is small, so balancing against other potential sources of bias, we advise researchers to consider longer service attendance reference periods and to distribute more unique objects, which is likely to result in a higher estimate of P in the respondent-driven sampling survey.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Propofol Microemulsion and Lipid Emulsion after an Intravenous Bolus and Variable Rate Infusion

Background:The aim of this trial was to evaluate the induction and recovery characteristics of microemulsion propofol (Aquafol; Daewon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea). Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety profile were investigated. Lipid emulsion propofol (Diprivan®; AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom) was used as a comparator. Methods:Thirty-one healthy volunteers aged 20–79 yr were given an intravenous bolus of propofol 2 mg/kg, followed by variable rate infusion for 60 min. Each volunteer was studied twice with different formulations at an interval of 1 week. Arterial concentrations of propofol were measured, and Bispectral Index was used as a surrogate measure of propofol effect. The induction and recovery characteristics including bioequivalence were evaluated by noncompartmental analysis. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were investigated using a population approach with mixed effects modeling. The rate, severity, and causal relation of adverse events were analyzed. Results:Both formulations were bioequivalent. The observed time to peak effect after a bolus of both formulations was 1.5 min. Plasma concentration of propofol at loss of consciousness, time to loss of consciousness after a bolus, and time to recovery of consciousness after discontinuation of infusion did not show significant differences. The population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics revealed a variety of differences between two formulations. Aquafol showed similar safety profile to Diprivan®. Conclusions:The efficacy and safety of Aquafol were not different from those of Diprivan® within the dose range in this study.