Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustering of Radio Galaxies and Quasars

We compute the cross-correlation between a sample of 14 000 radio-loud active galactic nuclei (RLAGN) with redshifts between 0.4 and 0.8 selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and a reference sample of 1.2 million luminous red galaxies in the same redshift range. We quantify how the clustering of RLAGN depends on host galaxy mass and on radio luminosity. RLAGN are clustered more strongly on all scales than control samples of radio-quiet galaxies with the same stellar masses and redshifts, but the differences are largest on scales less than ∼1 Mpc. In addition, the clustering amplitude of the RLAGN varies significantly with radio luminosity on scales less than ∼1 Mpc. This suggests that the gaseous environment of a galaxy on the scale of its dark matter halo, plays a key role in determining not only the probability that a galaxy is RLAGN, but also the total luminosity of the radio jet. Next, we compare the clustering of radio galaxies with that of radio-loud quasars in the same redshift range. Unified models predict that both types of active nuclei should cluster in the same way. Our data show that most RLAGN are clustered more strongly than radio-loud QSOs, even when the AGN and QSO samples are matched in both black hole mass and radio luminosity. Only the most extreme RLAGN and radio-loud QSOs (RLQSOs) in our sample, with radio luminosities in excess of ∼10 26 WH z −1 , have similar clustering properties. The majority of the strongly evolving RLAGN population at redshifts ∼0.5 are found in different environments to the quasars, and hence must be triggered by a different physical mechanism.
Robust Optimal Attitude Controller for MIMO Uncertain Hexarotor MAVs: Disturbance Observer-Based

This paper proposes a robust optimal attitude control design for multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) uncertain hexarotor micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) in the presence of parametric uncertainties, external time-varying disturbances, nonlinear dynamics, and coupling. The parametric uncertainties, external time-varying disturbances, nonlinear dynamics, and coupling are treated as the total disturbance in the proposed design. The proposed controller is achieved in two simple steps. First, an optimal linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is designed to guarantee that the nominal closed-loop system is asymptotically stable without considering the total disturbance. After that, a disturbance observer is integrated into the closed-loop system to estimate the total disturbance acting on the system. The total disturbance is compensated by a compensation input based on the estimated total disturbance. Robust properties analysis is given to prove that the state is ultimately bounded in specified boundaries. Simulation results illustrate the robustness of the disturbance observer-based optimal attitude control design for hovering and aggressive flight missions in the presence of the total disturbance.
Green Awareness and Consumer Purchase Intention of Environmentally-Friendly Electrical Products in Anambra, Nigeria

The tremendous increase in demand for consumer goods and services across the world in the last decade has resulted to depletion of natural resources and damage of the environment severely. Evidence in the extant literature have shown relationship between green awareness and green purchase intention but studies on how green awareness influences purchase intention of environmentally-friendly electrical products in a typical developing country context are still lacking. The main objective of this study is to empirically investigate the effect of green awareness on consumers’ purchase intention of environmentally-friendly electrical products. In order to achieve this objective, survey research design was adopted and the population of study comprises post-graduate students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. A sample size of 345 respondents was statistically drawn out from the population size of 2499 students using Taro Yamane’s formula. Stratified random sampling was adopted and the research instrument was a questionnaire. The reliability of the research instrument was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Hypotheses were tested using multiple regressions. It was found out that environmental concerns, green social influence and brand strength have positive and statistically significant effect on consumers’ purchase intention of environmentally-friendly electrical products. We conclude that this study provides empirical evidence that green awareness has a positive and significant effect on consumers’ purchase intention of environmentally-friendly electrical products. We recommend that government through her regulatory agencies should enforce laws and guidelines that will educate and influence public awareness on the need to act pro-environmentally, also marketers should promote environmentally-friendly products by encouraging consumers to prefer products that safeguard their environment through the use of peer groups, reference groups and social media. Keywords: * Green Awareness, *Consumer Purchase Intention, *Environmentally-Friendly Electrical Products, *Environmental Concern, *Green Social Influence, *Brand Strength, *Green Regulations and Guidelines, *Post-graduate Students, *Awka, Nigeria.
Enough dogma: Seeking the middle ground on the role of dingoes

Numerous recent studies present evidence that Australian dingoes Canis lupus dingo can benefit native biodiversity by suppressing mesopredators and large herbivores. Allen and colleagues have challenged the reliability of this evidence. Al- though they make some valid criticisms, I question some of their assertions. While the existing evidence is inconclusive, I argue that to dismiss it completely would be just as dangerous as to embrace it uncritically. I aim to establish a middle ground (Current Zoology 58 (6): 856-858, 2012).
An Exploratory Study of Gazing Behavior During Live Performance

It is known that the visual information given by performers during a performance works as a useful channel of communication to the audience. In my previous studies, many performers referred to the importance of gazing behavior or eye contact. The purpose of this research is to explore the role of gaze during live performance by measuring the timing and direction of gazing. The hypotheses are as follows: [1] Gazing behavior depends on the musical structure. [2] Gazing behavior is used for the communication between performers which is necessary during performance. [3] Performers set their gazing direction in order to contribute to the audience’s understanding of the music. This research was essentially based on the observational method used in social psychological studies. A popular music band comprising four performers was observed and gazing via a behavior coding system was measured. The results showed that gazing behavior depends on the musical structure, the instruments and the respective roles of the performers. Thus, the results suggested that particular gazing behavior of performers often occurred just before important parts in the musical structure and performers directed their gaze toward the performer to whom they should pay attention in accordance with the musical structure. These results implied that gazing behavior plays important roles in both inter-performer and performer-to-audience communication.
Word Type Effects on L2 Word Retrieval and Learning: Homonym versus Synonym Vocabulary Instruction

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to assess the retention of two word types (synonyms and homonyms) in the short term memory, and (b) to investigate the effect of these word types on word learning by asking learners to learn their Persian meanings. A total of 73 Iranian language learners studying English translation participated in the study. For the first purpose, 36 freshmen from an intact class were presented with two lists of words with their Persian meanings. One of the lists included 5 pairs of synonyms and the other one included 5 pairs of homonyms. They were asked to retain as much vocabulary items as they can. Learning was measured by lexical representations of the words. The results showed the learners did better on the retention of homonyms than synonyms. For the second purpose, 37 sophomores from an intact class were provided with 40 words in pairs (20 synonyms and 20 homonyms). They were asked to write their Persian meanings in the testing session. The results indicated the students did better on learning synonyms than homonyms. The study revealed that homonyms are better retrieved in short term memory but learned more slowly regarding to the semantic representation.
BIOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL WOOD PROPERTIES OF PARAÍSO (MELIA AZEDARACH) FROM A ROADSIDE PLANTING AT HUAXTLA, JALISCO, MEXICO

VENSON, I. , SILVA GUZMAN, J. A. , FUENTES TALAVERA, F. J. & RICHTER, H. G. 2008. Biological, physical and mechanical wood properties of paraiso (Melia azedarach) from a roadside planting at Huaxtla, Jalisco, Mexico. The present study was undertaken with the objective of evaluating the wood quality of 11-year-old paraiso (Melia azedarach) trees from a roadside planting near Huaxtla, Jalisco, Mexico. The biological, physical and mechanical properties studied include density, dimensional stability, strength (bending, compression, tension, shear, impact) and natural durability. The medium density (0.56−0.68−0.76 g/cm3 at 12% moisture content) wood is similar in strength to true mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and is of moderate dimensional stability. Its attractive appearance (colour, figure) resembles that of cedro (Cedrela spp.) and suren (Toona spp.). Heartwood resistance against white rot and brown rot fungi is on average moderate, but quite variable. Based on the property profile established by the present study paraiso wood from trees planted in Mexico appears suitable for the manufacture of decorative veneers sliced and peeled, furniture parts, plywood, glue board, laminates, panelling, window and door framing, general carpentry, and light construction under cover.
Paradoxical Constraints to Agricultural Intensification in Malawi: The Interplay Between Labor, Land and Policy

The relationship between population growth and agricultural! change has been much debated in the academic literature. The existence of seasonal, rural labor shortages as well as untilled land in the densely populated, southern African nation of Malawi is somewhat of a paradox given neo-klalthusian and Boserupian expectations in such a situation. The objective of this paper is to explore the population and agricultural change dynamics of ~he Malawian small-hold farming sector in relation to the theoretical discourse. The current agrarian situation in Malawi is explained in terms of agricultural and labor policies of colonial and post-colonial governments, local labor dynamics, and the country’s geographical characteristics. The neo-Marxist or poiitical econotny perspective best explains the population and agricultural change interactions in Malawi. This framework’s attention to the colonial legacy, international capitalism and class-based national policies is highly appropriate 10 the Malawian case.
Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts from some fruit peels

The growing interest on the replacement of synthetic antioxidants with natural ones has directed many research toward the plant-derived raw materials. The special attention is focused on inexpensive or residual sources from food agricultural industries. Fruit peels are valuable wastes obtained from domestic and industrial sources. The potential of fruit wastes as sources of natural antioxidants was explored in the present research. The peels of five kinds of fruits commonly used were obtained from domestic consumption. Antioxidant activity of their separate extract was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Besides, total phenol, flavonoid anthocyanin, protein and soluble sugar contents of the samples were also determined. According to the results, the apple peel extract contained the most content of total flavonoid, soluble sugar, protein and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity (256.78 ± 4.54 mg AA. g-1 dry weight = DW), total phenol (13.17 ± 0.268 mg of GAE. g-1 DW) and total anthocyanin (0.811 ± 0.024 mg. g-1 DW) were observed in orange peel. This study demonstrated that fruit peels could serve as potential sources of antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Relativistic Proton Production during the 2000 July 14 Solar Event: The Case for Multiple Source Mechanisms

Protons accelerated to relativistic energies by transient solar and interplanetary phenomena caused a ground-level cosmic-ray enhancement on 2000 July 14, Bastille Day. Near-Earth spacecraft measured the proton flux directly, and ground-based observatories measured the secondary responses to higher energy protons. We have modeled the arrival of these relativistic protons at Earth using a technique that deduces the spectrum, arrival direction, and anisotropy of the high-energy protons that produce increased responses in neutron monitors. To investigate the acceleration processes involved we have employed theoretical shock and stochastic acceleration spectral forms in our fits to spacecraft and neutron monitor data. During the rising phase of the event (10:45 and 10:50 UT) we find that the spectrum between 140 MeV and 4 GeV is best fitted by a shock acceleration spectrum. In contrast, the spectrum at the peak (10:55 and 11:00 UT) and in the declining phase (11:40 UT) is best fitted with a stochastic acceleration spectrum. We propose that at least two acceleration processes were responsible for the production of relativistic protons during the Bastille Day solar event: (1) protons were accelerated to relativistic energies by a shock, presumably a coronal mass ejection (CME); and (2) protons were also accelerated to relativistic energies by stochastic processes initiated by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence.
Falling styles of disks

Abstract We numerically investigate the dynamics of thin disks falling under gravity in a viscous fluid medium at rest at infinity. Varying independently the density and thickness of the disk reveals the influence of the disk aspect ratio which, contrary to previous belief, is found to be highly significant as it may completely change the route to non-vertical paths as well as the boundaries between the various path regimes. The transition from the straight vertical path to the planar fluttering regime is found to exhibit complex dynamics: a bistable behaviour of the system is detected within some parameter range and several intermediate regimes are observed in which, although the wake is unstable, the path barely deviates from vertical. By varying independently the body-to-fluid inertia ratio and the relative magnitude of inertial and viscous effects over a significant range, we set up a comprehensive map of the corresponding styles of path followed by an infinitely thin disk. We observe the four types of planar regimes already reported in experiments but also identify two additional fully three-dimensional regimes in which the body experiences a slow horizontal precession superimposed onto zigzagging or tumbling motions.
Controversial Age Spreads from the Main Sequence Turn-Off and Red Clump in Intermediate-Age Clusters in the LMC

Most star clusters at an intermediate age (1-2 Gyr) in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds show a puzzling feature in their color-magnitude diagrams (CMD) that is not in agreement with a simple stellar population. The main sequence turn-off of these clusters is much broader than would be expected from photometric uncertainties. One interpretation of this feature is that age spreads of the order 200-500 Myr exist within individual clusters, although this interpretation is highly debated. Such large age spreads should affect other parts of the CMD, which are sensitive to age, as well. In this study, we analyze the CMDs of a sample of 12 intermediate-age clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud that all show an extended turn-off using archival optical data taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. We fit the star formation history of the turn-off region and the red clump region independently with two different theoretical isochrone models. We find that in most of the cases, the age spreads inferred from the red clumps are smaller than the ones resulting from the turn-off region. However, the age ranges resulting from the red clump region are broader than would be expected for a single age. Only two out of 12 clusters in our sample show a red clump which seems to be consistent with a single age. As our results are not unambiguous, we can not ultimately tell if the extended main sequence turn-off feature is due to an age spread, or not, by fitting the star formation histories to the red clump regions. However, we find that the width of the extended main sequence turn-off feature is correlated with the age of the clusters in a way which would be unexplained in the "age spread" interpretation, but which may be expected if stellar rotation is the cause of the spread at the turn-off.
Radiocarbon AMS Dates for Paleolithic Cave Paintings

Advances in radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) have made it possible to date prehistoric cave paintings by sampling the pigment itself instead of relying on dates derived from miscellaneous prehistoric remains recovered in the vicinity of the paintings. The work at the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) concentrated on prehistoric charcoal cave paintings from southern France and northern Spain. In most caves, pigment samples were collected from several paintings, and in some instances the sample size allowed for multiple independent measurements on the same figure, so that the coherence of the calculated dates could be tested. Before being dated, each specimen was subjected to a thermal treatment preceded by an acid and basic treatment of intensity commensurate with the sample size. Nine bison drawings from three caves in the Cantabrian region of Spain—two from Covaciella, three from Altamira, and four from El Castillo—were sampled and dated. The 27 dates fell between 13,000 and 14,500 BP, allowing us to attribute the drawings to the Magdalenian period. The 24 dates for 13 drawings in the Cosquer cave indicated two distinct periods of painting activity—one around 28,000 BP and the other around 19,000 BP. The Chauvet cave paintings turned out to be the oldest recorded to date, as five dates fell between 32,000 and 31,000 BP. After discussing the sample preparation protocol in more detail, we will discuss the ages obtained and compare them with other chronological data.
POOR CLINICAL OUTCOME FOR MENINGITIS CAUSED BY H . INFLUENZAE SEROTYPE A STRAINS CONTAINING THE IS 1016-BEXA DELETION

Following introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines, meningitis caused by serotypes other than Hib has gained importance. We conducted active hospital-based surveillance for meningitis over an 11-year period in Salvador, Brazil. H. influenzae isolates were serotyped and analyzed by PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing to identify strains with a specific deletion (IS1016) in the bexA gene (IS1016-bexA). We identified 43 meningitis cases caused by non-type b H. influenzae: 28 (65%) were caused by type a (Hia), 9 (21%) by non-capsulated strains and 3 (7%) each by types e and f. Hia isolates clustered in two clonal groups; clonal group A strains (n=9) had the IS1016-bexA deletion. Among children <5 years, meningitis caused by Hia from clonal group A had higher case-fatality than clonal group B. Despite small numbers, these results indicate that the presence of IS1016-bexA deletion is associated with enhanced virulence in non-type b H. influenzae.
Fossil Vertebrates from the Basal Lincoln Limestone of the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) in Southeastern Colorado

Christopher Gallardo* Department of Biological Sciences 1 Gallardo: Fossil Vertebrates from the Basal Lincoln Limestone of the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) in Southeastern Colorado Published by Via Sapientiae, 2012 — 71 — when clearly visible to the naked eye, usually around 10 mm wide. The remaining disaggregated elements were picked under a Zeiss Stemi DV4 stereo microscope and taxonomically sorted based on morphology. After the collection and identification of the specimens, the most common fossils were placed into different groups to allow for comparison with two other previously described Lincoln Limestone faunas (Shimada et al., 2006; Shimada and Martin, 2008). All collected specimens are curated in the Vertebrate Paleontology collection of Fort Hays State University’s Sternberg Museum of Natural History (FHSM) in Hays, Kansas (catalogue numbers: FHSM VP17610 – VP-17681). The exact location of the Table Mesa locality is also on file at the museum and shown in Figure 2 (‘B’).
Evidence for the presence of the Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata, in northern China

The Pacifie oystcr. Cras.ml'/rt·a gigas (ThunbergJ. and the "ortuguese oyster, e. Ilnguill/a (Lamarck), are lWO c10sely rclated laxa. Although these two taxa were both introduccd l'rom Asia into Europe, one (e. gigas) was voluntarily introduced in the carly 197lh, wherea.s the other (e. Illllil/ia/a) was presumed to be present in Europe for at least four centuries, but nearly disappeared because of disease. Fcw e. a/lliula/a populations remained in southern Portugal, Spain and Moroeeo and their putative origin was traced in Taiwan. The present paper reports evidence for its presence in Nonhern China. We reanalyzed recently published mitochondrial cytochrorne oxidalc C subunit 1 (COl) sequence data from presumed Dalianwan oyster, (e. /alil! /lH'halU'l/sis) and compared them with those of e. liiWls and C. angula/a. Additionally, two ncw e. alllilliura haplotypes l'rom Portugal were identified. The resulIs c1early ,howed that some of the C. l</lirnw/ral/t'llsis sequences c1uster with C. (//Igullll</ sequences. The relative divergence between C. gigll.l, C. Ill/guill/ll. and C. laliel7l1'/rallel1sis haplotypes indicated that e. al1lilfillra-like oy'ters are present in nonhern China. This opens new perspectives in terms of genetic resources and population genetics of e. gigas and e. Ilnliulll/ll. two "yster specles of aquacultural importance.
Programmed death-1/programmed death-1 ligand axis as a therapeutic target in oncology: Current insights

: Over the past few years, the functional modulation of immune-checkpoint pathways using monoclonal antibodies has emerged as a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy. A key mechanism utilized by tumor cells to induce immune tolerance is upregulation of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway. PD-1 is a negative coregulatory receptor on T-cells and antigen-presenting cells. The PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) is expressed by several tumor types, and appears to be dynamically regulated by the immune microenvironment. Several investigational agents targeting either PD-1 or PD-L1 are under clinical development and show durable antitumor activity across several tumor types. This review summarizes the conceptual basis, safety, and clinical activity of currently available PD-1 pathway therapeutic antibodies.