Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Various Soap Elements on Skin

109 Objective: To elucidate the effects of sea salt and various other soap ingredients on skin in humans. Methods: Forty healthy women (age 30.4 ± 6.0 years) were assigned to one of four test-soap groups (sea salt, SS; collagen added, SS+C; humic added, SS+H; or, fucoidan added, SS+F) or a control group. Subjects washed their face with the soap twice daily for eight weeks. Before and after the study, subjects undertook the Anti-Aging QOL Common Questionnaire (AAQol), skin image analysis (VISIAII), elasticity tests by a Cutometer (MPA580), and moisture tests by a Corneometer (CM825). Results: At 8 weeks, significant improvements were seen in symptoms scores for “noticeable blackheads in pores” and “oily face” in the SS group, the score for “concerned about spots or freckles” in the SS+H group, and the scores for “noticeable pores”, “concerned about pore opening”, “dry skin”, “rough skin”, “concerned about rough skin”, and “corner of eyes sagging” in the SS+F group. There was no significant change in skin moisture. Compared to controls, the R2 index of skin elasticity showed improvement in the SS+C group by inter-group analysis (p=0.009). On skin image analysis, the number of face wrinkles bilaterally (– 26.6%, p=0.008) in the SS+F group and the number of wrinkles on the right side of the face (– 45.5%, p＝0.005) in the SS group) showed significant improvement. Although an increase in ultraviolet (UV) spots was seen in the SS and control groups, this increase was significantly attenuated in the SS+C group (inter-group analysis: p<0.05). Further, compared to controls, there was a significant reduction in the number of red spots in the SS+H group (number：– 7.9%, p＝0.022, % area：– 11.7%, p=0.039). No severe adverse effects were observed during this study. Conclusion: An improvement in wrinkles was seen in the SS group, with different additional elements displaying benefits in different areas of skin appearance and health. The SS+C group showed beneficial results with regard to elasticity and UV spots, the SS+H group showed beneficial results in red spots, and the SS+F group showed beneficial results in moisture levels and wrinkles.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Isfahan Province, Iran, During 2001-2011

Background: Isfahan province is one of the common foci of the cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran, particularly the wet or rural zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL). Several factors other than the location of the disease are implicated in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis, such as the presence of sandflies as vectors and the role of rodents as reservoirs. These factors that contribute to the transmission of the disease include agricultural projects, migration of the non-immune individuals to the endemic areas, rapid and unplanned urbanization, environmental changes (such as irrigation, dam construction, and desertification). Objectives: Due to the lack of information about the epidemiology and prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan province, Iran, this study was designed to investigate the aforementioned factors. Patients and Methods: Data were collected from the recorded data of patients with leishmaniasis referred to Isfahan Province Health Care Center, Isfahan, Iran. The patients were diagnosed by direct microscopic examination of the samples in Leishmaniasis and Skin Diseases Research Center and other health care centers. Data concerning demographic features, the number and location of lesions, duration of disease, area of residence, work location, the history of travel within the past two months, address, and telephone number of the patients was collected. The epidemiological status of leishmaniasis was determined from the recorded data. Results: In total, data of 28315 patients with leishmaniasis during 2001 to 2011 were studied . Among them, 10809 (38.2%) patients were female and 17491 (61.8%) patients were male. The mean age of the patients was 22.40 ± 16.52 years (range, 1-100 years). The incidence of lesions in different body parts was as follows: face, 12.1%; hands and legs, 12.3%; face and hands, 4.5%; legs, 24.1%; hands prevalence, 32.3%; and the other parts of body, 11.5%. The number of the lesions on the trunk ranged from one to three. In this study, 12163 (43%) patients had one, 6330 (22.4%) had two, 503 (8.1%) had three, and 8008 (28.3%) had more than three lesions. Overall, 17883 (63.2%) patients lived in urban areas and 8241 (29.1%) in rural areas and most of the cases were seen among those who lived in cities and urban areas. Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Isfahan province, eliminating the leishmaniasis vector and its reservoirs in this endemic area seems to be necessary. During the years, it has been showed that leishmaniasis is endemic in Isfahan province hence, a more extensive epidemiologic study is recommended.
Methadone Maintenance in Older Adults: An Exploratory Study

Methadone has been used for the treatment of opioid addictions since the early nineteen-sixties. It is estimated that more than 200,000 individuals take methadone to control their opiate addiction (Blaney & Craig, 1999). Many of those individuals (~20%) have been in opioid-substitute treatment for 10 years or more (SAMHSA, 1994). A review of the literature indicates that relatively little is known about the effects of long term methadone use and its interaction with the physical, psychological and psychosocial aspects of the aging process. However, given the steady aging of the population in general and the methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) population in particular, there is a compelling need for a better understanding of the risks and benefits associated with the extended use of methadone in older adults. Beth Israel Medical Center (BIMC) has an extensive network of MMT clinics. The demographic profile of the clientele suggests that BIMC's clinics serve one of the largest populations of elderly methadone patients in the continental United States. We propose to conduct an exploratory study of BIMC's MMT population in order to document the prevalence of psychiatric, physical and psychosocial co-morbidities in the elderly members of that population (>=55 y/o). By comparing this profile with: (a) the profile of a representative sample of younger MMT patients (18-54 y/o); and (b) published prevalence data from the non-MMT, elderly population, we hope to identify areas of dysfunction and modes of adaptation that appear to be uniquely attributable to the interaction of long term methadone use and aging, and thus possible candidates for further and more extensive study.
The contribution of radiation-induced injury to the gastrointestinal tract in the development of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome or failure

Severe damage to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), such as loss of the gastrointestinal mucosa and haemorrhage, following accidental overexposure to ionising radiation appears to be a determinant feature in patient mortality. Injury to the GIT may be direct, as this tissue is particularly radiation sensitive, as well as indirect as a result of radiation burns and bone marrow aplasia. Similar to other severe trauma situations such as thermal burns, radiation exposure results in reduced intestinal barrier integrity, which initiates and/or perpetuates inflammatory–anti-inflammatory mediator release. This may result in damage to distant organs. In this context, the injured gut may be considered as a “key player” or “motor” in the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or failure. Of note is that radiation exposure elicits similar GIT injury of both mucosal and vascular elements, in contrast to other severe physical insults. Common factors are the intestinal inflammatory response and loss of barrie.
Clinical Characteristics of Synchronous Adenomas Designated as Risk Factors of Metachronous Malignancy in Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: More than 80% of colorectal cancers are known to occur from adenomas, but only a subset of adenomas undergoes malignant transformation. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess clinicopathologic characteristics of synchronous adenomas associated with metachronous malignant neoplasms in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: Three hundred sixty-eight colorectal cancer patients with synchronous adenomas who underwent a complete polypectomy were consecutively enrolled between 1995 and 2002. The patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and synchronous colorectal cancers with invasion beyond the submucosa, and patients who underwent a total colectomy were excluded. Results: The mean age were 60 years (range, 27～83), and the male- to-female ratio was 2.6：1. The mean number of synchronous adenomos was 2.4 (1～22). The incidence of metachronous adenomas was 44.3% (163 patients), and that of metachronous malignant neoplasms was 5.2% (19 patients), consisting of 9 carcinomas and 10 malignant polyps (or adenomas with malignant change). In the multivariate analysis, the variables associated a metachronous adenoma were sex (male), location of the primary tumor, and multiple synchronous adenomas. The independent risk factors of metachronous malignant neoplasms were synchronous neoplastic adenomas (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.24~11.83) and large adenomas (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.17~11.27). The mean free-inverval of matachronous malignant neoplasms was 24 months (range, 12～52). Conclusions: Colorectal cancer patients with synchronous adenomas are prone to be at risk for recurrent adenomas and malignant tumors. High- risk patients for metachnonous malignant neoplasms should be considered for frequent colonoscopy follow-up.
Wpływ zabiegu hemodializy na pH śliny pacjentów z niewydolnością nerek The effect of haemodialysis on salivary pH of patients with renal failure

Summary The aim of the study was to compare the pH of non-stimulated mixed saliva using strip paper indicators from Macherey-Nagel in: 26 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (HD) [pH 8.0 (6.0 – 8.5)], 26 CRF subjects receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (pH 7.64 ± 0.75), 28 patients with pre-dialysis CRF (pH 7.19 ± 0.55), 26 non-CRF, otherwise healthy subjects with advanced PD (pH 6.93 ± 0.47) and 20 healthy people without PD [pH 6.8 (6.2 – 8.0)]; total n = 126. Salivary pH differed significantly among the 5 groups studied (ANOVA, p < 0.0001). The pH values in patients undergoing HD (before the procedure) were higher than in pre-dialysis patients (p = 0.004), PD subjects (p < 0.0001) and in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). No differences in salivary pH were found between HD and peritoneal dialysis patients, or between subjects with PD and healthy controls. Furthermore, evaluation of the effect of the HD procedure on salivary pH showed a significant, 10% decrease in salivary pH in 92% of the patients – to a value of 7.15 (6 – 8), p <0.0001; normalization of salivary pH was observed in 42% of patients.
İlköğretim Öğretmenlerinin Algılarına Göre İlköğretim Denetmenlerinin Ders Denetimine İlişkin Davranışları

The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of primary school (8- year compulsory primary education school) teachers about inspection. A total of 352 teachers from 48 primary schools in the center of Diyarbakir were included in the study. As a result of the data analysis, a significant difference was found between the teachers of the first and secondlevels of the primary schools. Teachers working at the first level agreed with the inspection behaviour "rarely" whereas the second level teachers agreed with the same behavior "at a middle degree". No significant correlation was found between the perception of male and female teachers about the inspection of lessons and it is claimed that both groups agreed with the behaviour "rarely".
Sex hormones and free androgen index in non-diabetic male hemodialysis and renal transplanted patients

Ageing and diabetes mellitus (DM) are known to affect sex hormones. Several studies have reported on sex hormones in male hemodialysis patients (HDPs) and renal transplant recipients (RTRs). None of those studies had excluded the effect of either ageing or DM, which might be one of the reasons why those studies had contradicting results. The aim of this study was to calculate free androgen index (FAI), assess the level of sex hormones in non-diabetic male (NDM) HDPs and RTRs whose ages were below 50 years, and to compare our findings with those of the others. In this study, NDM HDPs and RTRs had equal total testosterone (TT) level that was not significantly different from that of the controls; however, their FAI was significantly lower than that of the controls. Levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, prolactin, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were higher in those two patients groups than in the control group. In conclusion, NDM HDPs and RTRs had TT level that was not different from that of the controls, but they had abnormally low FAI level and abnormally elevated levels of LH, FSH, estradiol, prolactin, and SHBG. Key words: Free androgen index, sex hormones, hemodialysis, transplantation.
Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em pacientes com diabetes tipo 1

To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in type 1 diabetes (DM1), we studied 170 subjects (89F/81M, 14 children, 51 adolescents and 105 adults, mean age 24.4±11.9y) and correlated anthropometric data with demographic and clinical factors. The prevalence of obesity, overweight and/or overweight risk was 21.2% (n= 36). Among children and adolescents BMI z score and BMI percentile were highly correlated (r= 0.97; p= 0.00). SBP (p= 0.004) and DBP (p= 0.0007) were different between patients with normal and high BMI. A trend for increase waist circumference (WC) was observed in the groups with different BP (p= 0.0000). By multivariate analysis BMI was age-dependent (OR: 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.07; p= 0.008). Using stepwise analysis SBP was dependent of WC (r= 0.57; p= 0.00) and age (r= 0.63; p= 0.00) and DBP was dependent of WC (r= 0.53; p= 0.00). The prevalence of overweight and obesity seems to reflect the global tendency of weight excess and their clinical outcomes. Awareness of overweight in DM1 needs to be intensified.
Estimation of Fracture Toughness by Testing Notched Fracture Specimens and Applying the Theory of Critical Distances

This paper applies a methodology that allows the fracture toughness of a given material to be estimated by testing notched fracture toughness specimens and applying the Theory of Critical Distances, which requires the elastic stress field at the notch tip to be determined by finite elements simulation. This methodology, which is not intended to substitute any standardised fracture characterisation procedure, constitutes an alternative in those situations where pre-cracking processes may be too time-consuming, too expensive or, simply, cannot be performed. It comprises testing two notched specimens with different notch radii, defining the corresponding stress fields at fracture by using finite elements analysis, and applying the Theory of Critical Distances in order to calibrate the material’s critical distance and to apply the corresponding apparent fracture toughness formulation. The methodology has been applied to two different materials, PMMA and Al7075-T651, and the results have proven that, as long as the Theory of Critical Distances has been applied within its validity range, the fracture toughness estimations are highly accurate.
Ventilação mecânica: princípios, análise gráfica e modalidades ventilatórias

Tem por objetivos, alem da manutencao das trocas gasosas, ou seja, correcao da hipoxemia e da acidose respiratoria associada a hipercapnia: aliviar o trabalho da musculatura respiratoria que, em situacoes agudas de alta demanda metabolica, esta elevado; reverter ou evitar a fadiga da musculatura respiratoria; diminuir o consumo de oxigenio, dessa forma reduzindo o desconforto respiratorio; e permitir a aplicacao de terapeuticas especificas.
Innovative infection prevention and control teaching for nursing students: a personal reflection

A crucial part of our role as Infection Prevention and Control Practitioners is to develop, facilitate and evaluate the teaching and learning of students and healthcare workers. However, creating an environment for participation, interaction and socialisation whilst effectively stimulating reflective and critical thinking in order to promote good practice can be challenging. This paper is a critical reflection, based on Gibb’s model of reflection to demonstrate the development, facilitation, support and evaluation of learning using an innovative, interactive method.
Prevalence of malaria in blood donors in Abakaliki Metropolis, Nigeria

In view of the problem of transfusional malaria, the prevalence of Plasmodium in transfused blood was assessed. Blood film examination for malaria parasites in donor blood transfused to patients in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State of Nigeria was carried out over a 5-month period. Blood group O was the dominant blood type (74%). A high malaria parasite prevalence rate of 51.5% was noted in transfused donor blood. All blood groups and Rhesus factor types were infected with malaria parasites and there was no significant increase in malaria infection rate in any particular blood group type. Method of blood procurement was observed as a major risk factor of transmission, with commercial blood donor having the highest proportion of parasitic contamination. Key words: donor blood, plasmodium, prevalence, transfusional malaria.
Prophylactic antibiotics in intra-oral bone grafting procedures: a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;38:90-5) Objectives: This study was conducted in order to assess the efficacy of 1st generation cephalosporin as use as a single-dose preoperative prophylactic antibiotic for surgical wound infections resulting from intra-oral bone grafting procedures. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 patients who were to undergo intra-oral bone graft procedures participated in this study. After randomization, 2 grams of 1st generation cephalosporin was orally administered to both the experimental and placebo groups one hour prior to surgery in a double- blind fashion. Post-operatively, the experimental group (12 patients) was orally administered placebo three times a day for three days. The control group (11 patients) was orally administered 1st generation cephalosporin three times a day for three days. The postoperative course was observed for one month including the clinical parameters associated with infection. Results: Postoperative infections were noted in 1 out of 11 patients in the experimental group. No infections occurred in the control group. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infections between the two groups. Two grams of 1st generation cephalosporin administered orally one hour before surgery served as an effective prophylactic antibiotics therapy for intra-oral bone graft surgery.
EFFECT OF NITROUS OXIDE ON PLACENTAL METHIONINE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY

Methionine synthase activity was measured in 11 placentae after section during which nitrous oxide had been used as an anaethetic agent, and compared with that from 20 placentae after normal vaginal delivery with no exposure to nitrous oxide. There was no significant difference in enzyme activity between the two series.
A Descriptive study of referral in Department of Psychiatry in Tertiary Hospital in Nepal

Background There are many definition of liaison psychiatry. The American Academy of psychosomatic medicine has suggested the term “medical and surgical psychiatry”. Much of the literature on Consultation Liaison (C-L) Psychiatry concerns the psychiatric assessment and management of patients in a general hospital. Method This was a descriptive study consisting of all the cases referred for liaison psychiatric consultation from inpatient units of various departments of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, between October 2012 to April 2013. Patients of any age and of either gender were included. Result A total of 95 patients were referred from different departments of the hospital for liaison psychiatric consultation within the 6 months period. Majority of the subjects were male . The mean age of the subjects was 42.47 years (±19.98). Neurotic and stress-related disorders were seen associated with female. Conclusion : Mainly young adults and adult between 21-50 years of age are referred for liaison. Neurotic and stress-related disorders (30.5%), organic mental disorders (27.4%) and mental and behavioral disorders due to substance use cases (16.8%) were mainly referred for liaison psychiatric consultation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2. 9721 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 22-25
Will working in an academic health science centre enhance nursing/midwifery research capacity and capability?

In this paper we discuss the factors that have already had an impact on the build-up of nursing/ midwifery research capacity and capability, and highlight other factors that have not yet been touched upon, but which are pertinent to the overall discussion of how nursing/midwifery research is being taken forward in an academic health science centre. The paper concludes by proposing ideas for short-term to medium-term research-building activities, but which need to sit alongside a supportive, infrastructural model in order to achieve the longer-term goals of (1) advancing nursing/midwifery research generally, and (2) ensuring nursing/midwifery research achieves equal-partner status in academic health science centres, which are predominantly biomedically research led organisations.