Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ROBUST IDENTIFICATION IN MECHANISMS

This paper develops identification results for the distribution of valuations in a class of allocation-transfer mechanisms. These mechanisms determine an allocation of units of a valuable object and arrangement of monetary transfers on the basis of the actions taken by the players. The identification strategy is based on the assumption of monotone equilibrium, in which players take actions that are weakly increasing functions of their valuations. Such equilibria are known from the economic theory literature to exist under general conditions on the mechanism. The identification results flexibly deliver either point identification or partial identification, as appropriate based on the identifying content of the data from the mechanism. The identification result is non-parametric, in the sense that it does not depend on parametric assumptions about the distribution of valuations. Moreover, the identification results can apply to an incomplete model that does not necessarily involve a complete specification of all of the details of the mechanism. Consequently, the identification results are necessarily robust to the details of the specification of the model and flexibly accommodate unique features of the mechanism in particular empirical applications. JEL codes: C57, D44, D82.
Chemiluminescence by polymorphonuclear leukocytes adhering to surfaces

Stimulation of the plasma membranes of granulocytes results in an oxidative metabolic response. This response can be measured by measuring the reduction of oxidizable substrates, such as Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, as well as by measuring the energy released as light (chemiluminescence). While investigating the oxidative response of human granulocytes, we observed a marked variation in the chemiluminescence response when leukocytes were suspended in a balanced salt solution without gelatin or any other protein. We performed systematic study to investigate the role of protein in suspensions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Final results were identical with human serum, albumin, fetal calf serum, and gelatin; gelatin was used as the protein source in most experiments. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes suspended in Hanks balanced salt solution without gelatin decreased in numbers during incubation at room temperature (approximately 50 percent after 60 min). Cell structures were observed on the walls of the tubes containing leukocyte suspensions without gelatin. Numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were stable in suspensions containing gelatin. A chemiluminescence response which peaked at approximately 10 min and was sustained for at least 30 min was observed in suspensions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes without gelatin. This surface attachment-stimulated chemiluminescence occurred in the absence of either soluble or particulate stimuli. Chemiluminescence was inhibited by either superoxide dismutase or sodium azide and did not occur with suspensions of granulocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. We postulate that both superoxide- and myeloperoxidase-dependent oxidative metabolic reactions are induced during the adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to surfaces. Gelatin or other proteins in leukocyte suspending media are necessary when assays are performed to evaluate the metabolic responses of these cells to particulate or soluble stimuli.
Cytogenetic Analysis of Chromosome 3 in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: Isolation and Characterization of Four New Alleles of the Proboscipedia (pb) Locus.

Previous studies on proximal 3R have cytologically localized the dominant homeotic loci Antennapedia (Antp), Multiple Sex Comb (Msc), Nasobemia (Ns), and Extra Sex Comb (Scx). In this study we set out to find the site of the proboscipedia (pb) locus. In order to accomplish this, four new alleles of this homeotic gene were induced with gamma rays. Genetic and cytogenetic analyses have shown that the pb locus resides in polytene chromosome bands 84A1-6, immediately adjacent to the Antp gene complex in 84B1-2. An analysis of the morphology of the proboscis and the dose relationships of the four new alleles have shown that this homeosis is unusual in at least two respects. First, the two different developmental fates realized in the proboscis at 18 degrees (labial palps --> arista) and 29 degrees (labial palps --> leg) under the influence of pb(1) grown at 18 degrees , while the remaining three are like pb(1) at 29 degrees . Dosage studies reveal that this difference reflects a hypomorphic vs. amorphic condition. Second, like the original, these new alleles produce a prothoracic rather than a mesothoracic leg in the proboscis. Both of these results indicate that pb is unique among the homeotics, and as such it may offer some new insights into developmental processes.
Effects of forage level on the comparative feeding value of supplemental fat in growing-finishing diets for feedlot cattle.

Ninety-six crossbred steers (316 kg) were used in a 135-d growth-performance trial to evaluate the comparative feeding value of yellow rease (0 vs 6%) in 10% forage vs 30% forage rowing-finishing diets. There were interactions between forage level and supplemental fat on ADG (P < 10), DM conversion (P < .05), diet NE (P < .10), longissimus muscle area (P < .01), fat thickness (P < 10), and percentage of retail yield (P < .01). Supplemental fat increased (8.5%; P < .10) marbling score, sufficient to move the average carcass grade from high Select to low Choice. With the low-forage diet supplemental fat did not affect (P > .10) ADG, but decreased (P < .01) retail yield (2.3%) and longissimus muscle area (5.6%). With the high-forage diet supplemental fat increased ADG (13.3%; P < .05) and longissimus muscle area (7.1%; P < .01) but did not affect (P > .10) retail yield. Differences in carcass fat were small and not affected by treatment (P > .10). The NEm and NEg values of yellow grease were 3.55 and 2.65 Mcal/kg, respectively, for the low-forage diet and 5.71 and 4.65 Mcal/kg, respectively, for the high-forage diet. Treatment effects on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion were evaluated using four Holstein steers (233 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum. There were no interactions (P > .10) between forage level and supplemental fat on ruminal and total tract digestibility of OM, ADF, starch, lipid, and gross energy. Postruminal lipid digestibility averaged 65.5% and was not affected (P > .10) by forage level. The ME value of yellow grease was the same (6.94 Mcal/kg) for both the low- and high-forage diets. There was an interaction between supplemental fat and forage level on nonammonia N flow to the small intestine (P < .10), percentage of ruminal escape feed N (P < .05), postruminal N digestion (P < .05), and methane production (P < .10). With the low-forage diet, fat supplementation did not affect (P > .10) ruminal degradation for feed N and methane production. With the high-forage diet fat supplementation decreased ruminal degradation of feed N (19.0%; P < .05) and methane production (14.8%; P < .05). We concluded that supplementation of a 30% forage (alfalfa hay) finishing diet with 6% yellow grease will permit growth-performance similar to that of steers fed a 10% forage diet without supplemental fat. The improved performance may be attributed to increased diet energy density and positive associative effects on protein flow to the small intestine and decreased ruminal methane production.
Moving Forward in the Field of EI

Two constructs of emotional intelligence (EI) should be distinguished based on the measurement method used in the operationalization process (self-report, as in personality questionnaires, or maximum-performance, as in IQ tests; see Petrides & Furnham, 2000, 2001, 2003). Trait EI (or “trait emotional self-effi cacy”) concerns emotionrelated dispositions and self-perceptions measured via self-report, whereas ability EI (or “cognitive-emotional ability”) concerns emotion-related cognitive abilities that ought to be measured via maximum-performance tests. The conceptual differences between the two constructs are summarized in Petrides, Furnham, and Frederickson (2004; see also Table 6.1). These differences are directly refl ected in empirical fi ndings, which reveal very low, often nonsignifi cant, correlations between measures of trait EI and ability EI, thereby supporting an explicit distinction between the two constructs (Engelberg & Sjöberg, 2004; O’Connor & Little, 2003; Warwick & Nettelbeck, 2004). Findings that are fully in line with our theoretical position have also been reported by researchers who do not seem to espouse it (Brackett & Mayer, 2003; Zeidner, Shani-Zinovich, Matthews, & Roberts, 2005). Along with others, we have maintained that the operationalization of ability EI is problematic because the subjectivity of emotional experience (e.g., Robinson & Clore, 2002; Watson, 2000) undermines the development of valid maximum-performance (IQlike) tests. The heart of the problem concerns the inability to create items or tasks that can be scored according to truly objective criteria and that can cover the sampling domain of ability EI comprehensively. For example, the entire intrapersonal component of EI seems to be impervious to maximum-performance measurement because the information required to score as correct or incorrect answers to items like “I am aware of my emotions as I experience them” is available only to the individual who provides the answers. The use of alternative scoring procedures designed to create correct responses among a number
Harmony Search and Cellular Automata in Spatial Optimization

The combined optimization problem of resource production and allocation is considered. The spatial character of the problem is emphasized and cellular modeling is introduced. First a new enhanced harmony search algorithm is applied combined with cellular concepts. Then another new approach is presented involving a cellular automaton combined with harmony search. This second approach renders solutions with greater compactness, a desirable characteristic in spatial optimization. The two algorithms are compared and discussed.
A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity functions and cosmic average line ratios

Recently, the CIII] and CIV emission lines have been observed in galaxies in the early Universe ($z>5$), providing new ways to measure their redshift and study their stellar populations and AGN. We explore the first blind CII], CIII] and CIV survey ($z\sim0.68, 1.05, 1.53$, respectively) presented in Stroe et al. (2017). We derive luminosity functions (LF) and study properties of CII], CIII] and CIV line emitters through comparisons to the LFs of H$\alpha$ and Ly$\alpha$ emitters, UV selected star forming (SF) galaxies and quasars at similar redshifts. The CII] LF at $z\sim0.68$ is equally well described by a Schechter or a power-law LF, characteristic of a mixture of SF and AGN activity. The CIII] LF ($z\sim1.05$) is consistent to a scaled down version of the Schechter H$\alpha$ and Ly$\alpha$ LF at their redshift, indicating a SF origin. In stark contrast, the CIV LF at $z\sim1.53$ is well fit by a power-law, quasar-like LF. We find that the brightest UV sources ($M_{UV}
Sex differences in mortality.

"Patterns of sex differences in mortality in developed and developing countries are briefly described, and the range of explanatory approaches that have been used to account for these differences are reviewed. Attention is primarily focused on the higher male than female mortality rate in developed countries. Biological and behavioral/environmental perspectives on these differences are considered in some detail. It is concluded that a specifically sociological approach to sex differences in mortality requires both greater attention to the spectrum of variation within and across societies and a more complex model of causality that takes account of gender differences in the nature of mortality risks. "
GLOMERULAR CAPILLARY GROWTH AND CELLULAR HYPERPLASIA IN A MODEL OF FOCAL AND SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS

Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a chronic renal disorder characterized by segmental glomerular lesions and widespread podocyte foot process effacement. We have previously shown that glomerular enlargement (hypertrophy) precedes the development of FSGS in an animal model not previously thought to involve glomerular hypertrophy. This hypertrophy involved growth of glomerular capillaries. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the capillary growth involved an increase in the number of capillaries per glomerulus, or lengthening of existing capillaries. In addition, we examined the contribution of glomerular cell hyperplasia to the hypertrophy. We found that glomerular capillary growth in this model appears to primarily involve lengthening of existing capillaries rather that sprouting of new capillaries, and that glomerular cell proliferation contributes to the glomerular hypertrophy.
Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease.

Prevention of coronary heart diseases seems to be possible as recent experiences in Australia and in the U.S. have shown. Increased risk of heart disease in women is presented by the use of hormonal contraceptives and in men by high cholesterol levels and by hypertension. Preventive strategy that concentrates on high-risk individuals has to consider the mass approach which however much it may offer to the community as a whole offers little to each participating individual; it is a measure which which applied to many will actually benefit few. There are 2 types of preventive measures; the first consists in the removal of an unnatural factor and the restoration of biological normality as the reduction of intake of saturated fats whould be in the case of heart disease; the second does not consist of removing a supposed cause of disease but in adding some other factors in the hope of conferring protection as a high intake of polyunsaturated fat and of long-term medication would be for heart disease. Preventive medicine can be helped by changes in behavior of society and such changes are often brought about not by medical measures but by social motivations and by the force of economics and convenience.
Nephroprotective effect of estrogen and progesterone combination on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in ovariectomized female rats

Recently, we reported that estrogen (Es) has no beneficial effect on cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity, but the role of progesterone (Pr) and the combination of Es and Pr are not yet well-defined. In this study, we investigated the protective role of Pr, and co-administration of Es/Pr on CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Eighty-six ovariectomized female Wistar rats were divided into 13 groups, and the experiments were performed in two phases. In Phase I, Groups 1–4 received 2, 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg, IM Pr dissolved in sesame oil every 5 days for four doses. Groups 5–8 had the same treatment regimen as Groups 1–4, but after the third injection the animals also received continuous dose of CP (2.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 8 days. Group 9, as the positive control group, received sesame oil instead of Pr plus CP. Group 10, as the negative control group, received sesame oil instead of Pr. After the most effective dose of Pr was determined in Phase I, Groups 11–13 in Phase II received 10 mg/kg Pr plus either 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg, IM estradiol valerate every 5 days for four doses. After the third injection, they also received a continuous dose of CP for 8 days. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), kidney tissue damage score (KTDS), and kidney weight (KW) increased and body weight (BW) decreased in the positive control group (P < 0.05). Administration of Pr (10 mg/kg) plus CP decreased KTDS and BW loss and KW. Co-administration of ES/Pr at specific doses improved Cr, BUN, and KTDS; and resulted in reduced CP-induced nephrotoxicity. The results obtained suggest that the beneficial effect of Pr on CP-induced nephrotoxicity is dose-dependent. In addition, combination of Es/Pr with a specific dose decreased CP-induced nephrotoxicity.
Correlation of darkening of impacted mandibular third molar root on digital panoramic images with cone beam computed tomography findings.

OBJECTIVES Darkening of the lower third molar root on panoramic images is known to indicate an intimate relationship between the root and mandibular canal. The objective of this study was to investigate the anatomical relationship between the third molar root and its surrounding structures that leads to this panoramic finding. METHODS Imaging findings of 253 impacted lower third molars examined by both digital panoramic radiography and cone beam CT were reviewed. Panoramic images were evaluated to detect the presence or absence of darkening of the root where the mandibular canal was superimposed. Cone beam CT images were evaluated for the presence or absence of the following two findings: (1) grooving of the root and (2) thinning or perforation of the cortical plate by the root. The correlation between the panoramic and cone beam CT findings was examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 80 (32%) third molars showed a panoramic finding of darkening of the root. Between cone beam CT findings, cortical thinning or perforation alone was significantly correlated with this panoramic finding (80%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The panoramic finding of mandibular third molar root darkening was considered to reflect cortical thinning or perforation rather than grooving of the root.
Impact of Standardization of Creatinine Methodology on the Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Children

There is a global effort to standardize clinical laboratory serum creatinine measurements to the reference method of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). Creatinine values in serum and urine are frequently used in children to calculate creatinine clearance (mCrCl) or estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by Schwartz's equation (eGFR). The original normative data of mCrCl and eGFR were developed using Jaffe method. To investigate what impact the differences in methodologies of creatinine analysis will have on mCrCl and eGFR, we measured creatinine in random serum and urine samples by three commercially available assays: Jaffe (J), enzymatic (E) and enzymatic method traceable to IDMS (E-IDMS). There was a significant bias in the two enzymatic methods when compared with J method. The theoretical predicted errors in overestimating mCrCl ranged from 1.10 to 1.34 by E and 1.20 to 1.54 by E-IDMS; and in calculating eGFR 1.07-1.16 by E and 1.30-1.46 by E-IDMS, which was further confirmed in children who had formal GFR evaluation. Thus, as the clinical laboratories calibrate their creatinine assays to the gold standard IDMS method, it is important for the pediatric nephrology community to develop new equations for estimation of GFR based on the new creatinine assay.
Effect of Long-term, Continuous Versus Alternate-day Omeprazole Therapy on Serum Gastrin in Patients Treated for Reflux Esophagitis

Background Proton pump inhibitors have been proven to have a major role in the management of peptic diseases, especially the long-term control of reflux esophagitis. The potent inhibitory effect of omeprazole on gastric acid secretion is frequently associated with hypergastrinemia, and gastrin and its intermediates have been reported to promote gastrointestinal cellular functions and cell growth. Experimental data suggest that gastrin may affect the proliferation of colon cells and some other cancer cells. However, so far the direct role of gastrin in tumorigenesis is unclear. Although most clinical studies on long-term treatment with omeprazole or other proton pump inhibitors do not report serious adverse effects, the issue of prolonged hypergastrinemia and tissue growth is unsettled, and many clinicians are reluctant to recommend long-term use of omeprazole or of other proton pump inhibitors. Study We examined the effect of long-term omeprazole treatment on serum gastrin levels in patients with reflux esophagitis when given either 20 mg daily (group 1) or on alternate days (group 2). During the follow-up period, clinical remission was monitored and maintained in all patients in group 1 and in the majority of patients in group 2. Results The mean serum gastrin level was significantly elevated in group 1 (mean ± SE, 159 ± 23.6 pg/mL; range, 45–620 pg/mL;n = 31) as compared with the alternate-day treatment group (group 2) (66 ± 4.8 pg/mL; range, 37–115 pg/mL;n = 21) (p < 0.005). In controls, serum gastrin levels showed similar values to those found in group 2 (54 ± 4.3 pg/mL; range, 27–94 pg/mL;n = 20). Fourteen patients (45%) in group 1 had serum gastric ranging from 140 to 620 pg/mL, and 8 (25%) had a 6-fold or greater increase in serum gastrin. The follow-up treatment period ranged between 3 and 60 months (mean ± SE, 16.1 ± 2.1 months) for group 1 and 3–36 months (9.7 ± 1.4 months) for group 2. Upon multivariate adjustment for age and duration of treatment, a significantly lower mean serum gastrin level was observed in the alternate-day group as compared with the daily treated group. Conclusion Alternate-day, long-term treatment with omeprazole may be adequate to maintain remission in patients with reflux esophagitis. This regimen can assure serum gastrin levels within the normal range, thus reducing the potential risk of prolonged, sustained hypergastrinemia and profound hypochlorhydria.
Unique oxidation of imidazolidine nitroxides by potassium ferricyanide: Strategy for designing paramagnetic probes with enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress

Abstract Potassium ferricyanide (PF), routinely employed for the oxidation of sterically-hindered hydroxylamines to nitroxides, is considered to be chemically inert towards the latter. In the present study, we report on an unexpected oxidative fragmentation of the imidazolidine nitroxides containing hydrogen atom in the 4-position of the heterocycle (HIMD) by PF resulting in the loss of the EPR signal. The mechanistic EPR, spectrophotometric, electrochemical and HPLC–MS studies support the assumption that the HIMD fragmentation is facilitated by the proton abstraction from the 4-position of the oxoammonium cation formed as a result of the initial one-electron HIMD oxidation. Increase in steric hindrance around the radical fragment by introducing ethyl substituents decreased the rate of ascorbate-induced HIMD reduction by more than 20 times, but did not affect the rate of ferricyanide-induced HIMD oxidation. This preferential sensitivity of HIMDs to oxidative processes has been used to detect peroxyl radicals in the presence of high concentration of the reducing agent, ascorbate. HIMD-based EPR probes capable to discriminate oxidative and reductive processes might find application in biomedicine and related fields for monitoring the oxidative stress and reactive radical species in biological systems.