Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curcumin attenuates butter fat induced hyperlipidemia in mice

Long-term intake of high-fat food disrupts lipid metabolism, resulting in fat accumulation, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Curcumin, active ingredients of turmeric plants, has been shown to possess potent antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties. The study was conducted to observe the effects of curcumin on butter induced hyperlipidemia, hematological values and physio-pathological alterations in liver and aorta in mice. A total of 40 Swiss Albino mice (Mus musculus), aged 28-30 days with an average body weight of 27g were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A was considered as non-treated control (NT) (n=8) and fed on standard mice pellet and fresh drinking water. Another group was considered as butter group (n=32), fed on standard mice pellet enriched with 10% butter and after 5 weeks, mice of butter group were subdivided into 4 equal groups (n=8). Group B was considered as butter treated (BT) group fed on standard mice pellet enriched with 10% butter. Group C (C1%), group D (C2%) and group E (C3%) fed on standard mice pellet enriched with 10% butter plus curcumin 1%, 2% and 3% in drinking water respectively. The experiment was carried out for period of another 10 weeks. Body weight gain of all mice was gradually increased and maximum weight gain was recorded in mice of butter fed group. Supplementation of curcumin to butter treated mice (group C, D and E) prevented weight gain. Mice treated with butter fat had significantly (p<0.01) higher hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, total erythrocyte count (TEC) and packed cell volume (PCV). Treatment with curcumin of 1%, 2%, and 3% concentration on butter supplemented mice didn’t alter or rather enhanced the hematological values. In case of lipid profile, supplementation of butter fat in feed significantly increased the total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. However, addition of curcumin extracts of 1%, 2% and 3% concentration to the butter fed group mice dramatically reduced the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol values and more prominent result was observed in 2 % curcumin treated mice. Histo-pathological studies of liver and aorta revealed that addition of 10% butter to feed induced a few fatty changes along with pyknotic nuceli in the hepatocytes, thickened wall of aorta with disorganized lining cells. Again upon curcumin treatment, no such changes were detected in the liver and aortic tissues of group C, group D and group E. Our study revealed that the butter fats have harmful effects on weight gain, on lipid profile and on organ structures without deteriorating normal hematological values. However, these harmful effects could be mitigated by addition of curcumin extracts. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(2): 220–225, June 2019
WHO EMRO | Arab adolescents and their sources of health information

1 Northwestern University, Doha, Qatar. (Correspondence to: klaus.schoenbach@northwestern.edu). Abstract Background : In Qatar, health media campaigns and applications (apps) have not been particularly successful among adolescents. Arab culture and Kohlberg’s theory of moral development suggest personal communication as a promising alternative. Aims : This study asks the question, how important is personal communication for health information among adolescents when compared to other sources? Methods : A secondary analysis of a representative survey in 2017 with 1117 adolescents in Qatar was performed. Results : Personal communication is the most important source of health information, together with a few selected internet platforms. There was little difference in selection according to gender or age of adolescents. Conclusions : Health information for adolescents should take advantage of personal communication and pay attention to which internet channels are used. Parents and friends are particularly relevant.
Full outline of unresponsiveness versus Glasgow coma scale in predicting mortality in paediatric trauma patients

Background: Many scoring models have been proposed for evaluating level of consciousness in trauma patients. The aim of this study is to compare Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and full outline of unresponsiveness (FOUR) score in predicting the morbidity and mortality of trauma paediatric patients.Methods: In this diagnostic accuracy study trauma paediatric patients hospitalized in emergency room (ER) of Menoufia University hospital were evaluated. GCS and FOUR score of each patient were simultaneously calculated on admission as well as 6, 12 and 24 hours after that. The predictive values of the two scores and their area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were compared.Results: 100 patients were included in the present study (mean age 7.6±5.1; 77% male). Comparing the area under the ROC curve of GCS and FOUR score showed that these values were not different at any of the evaluated times: on admission (p=0.68), and 6 hours (p=0.13), 12 hours (p=0.18). However, The values of FOUR score was high accuracy than GCS score in predicting mortality in paediatric patients with ROC; 0.97, 0.89 respectively.Conclusions: The results of our study showed that, GCS and FOUR score have the same value in predicting the mortality of trauma patients in first 24 hours. However, FOUR score has high accuracy than GCS score after 24 hours. Both tools had high predictive power in predicting the outcome at the time of discharge.
Enteric parasitosis and its correlation with CD4 count in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

Background: The gastrointestinal tract of the HIV/AIDS patient (s) is harboured by a number of luminal extracellular and intracellular parasites. These parasites are responsible for deteriorating and worsening the general health condition(s) of these immunocompromised groups of patients. Moreover, these parasitic infections are often correlated with the CD4 counts of the individuals. Therefore, with a view to assess the relationship between the presence of parasitic infection and that of the CD4 count, the present work is being undertaken.Methods: The study was conducted in the Parasitology section of the department of Life Sciences, Manipur University and CD4 count unit of Microbiology Department, RIMS hospital Imphal from 34 HIV positive Antiretroviral treatment (ART) naive patients, aged between 19 to 50 years. The samples were taken from the patients only after obtaining a signed consent form . Techniques like normal saline method, iodine wet preparation method, formol ethyl acetate concentration technique, Baermann modified funnel technique, modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique and adhesive cellophane tape method were employed for the present investigation.Results: The present study reveals that patients with CD4 count <200 cells/μl were harbouring only two parasites (Cryptosporidium sp and G. lamblia) whereas individuals with CD4 count within the range of 200-500 cells/μl were observed to have harboured G. lamblia, Cryptosporidium sp, E.histolytica, hookworm, S. stercoralis and A. lumbricoides. On the other hand, enteric parasites associated with CD4 count >500 cells/μl included G. lamblia, hookworm, E. vermicularis and S. stercoralis.Conclusions: The present study shows that occurrence of intestinal parasitism is independent of CD4 count in HIV infected patients. Therefore, based on the present findings, it may be suggested that irrespective of CD4 count(s) and whether the patient experiences diarrhoea or not, regular monitoring of the HIV patient(s) for the presence of enteric parasitosis by adopting standard laboratory protocols should be encouraged for maintaining a healthy life of the people living with HIV/AIDS.
Evaluation and Assessment of serum prolactin levels in Hypothyroidism

Introduction: Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common endocrine disorder and has been seen with variable levels in patients of thyroid disorders. We decided to determine the relationship between hyperprolactinemia and hypothyroidism. Material and Methods: A total of 160 subjects coming to General Medicine OPD for thyroid related problems were selected for the study and their serum T3,T4, TSH and Prolactin levels were assayed by enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) technique using Minividas auto analyzer from Biomeriuex, France. Results: TSH level was significantly higher n female as compared to males subject & there is a positive Correlation of serum TSH levels with prolactin Conclusion: In our study we have found that level of serum prolactin rises positively to the increasing TSH level in hypothyroid patients.
Students’ interpretations of mechanistic language in organic chemistry before learning reactions

Research on mechanistic thinking in organic chemistry has shown that students attribute little meaning to the electron-pushing (i.e., curved arrow) formalism. At the University of Ottawa, a new curriculum has been developed in which students are taught the electron-pushing formalism prior to instruction on specific reactions—this formalism is part of organic chemistry's language. Students then learn reactions according to the pattern of their governing mechanism and in order of increasing complexity. If students are fluent in organic chemistry's language, they should have lower cognitive load demands when learning new reactions, and be better positioned to connect the three levels of chemistry's triplet (i.e., Johnstone's triangle). We developed a qualitative research protocol to explore how students use and interpret the mechanistic language. Twenty-nine first-semester organic chemistry students were interviewed, in which they were asked to (1) explain a mechanism, given all the starting materials, intermediates, products, and electron-pushing arrows, (2) draw in arrows for a reaction mechanism, given the starting materials and products of each step, and (3) predict the product of a reaction step, given the starting materials and electron-pushing arrows for that step. To investigate the students’ ideas about mechanistic language rather than their knowledge of specific reactions, we selected reactions for the interview guide that had not yet been taught. Following transcription, we analyzed the interviews using constant comparative analysis to explore how students used and interpreted the mechanistic language. Four categories of student thinking emerged with electron movement underlying students’ thinking throughout the interviews. Herein, we discuss these categories, students’ interpretation of the symbolism, connections to learning theory, and implications for teaching, learning, and research.
Comparative Study between Dexmedetomidine and Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Upper Limb Surgeries

Background: Brachial plexus block is frequently used for ambulatory upper limb surgery. It can significantly reduce pain and nausea, allowing for faster discharge from hospital when compared with general anesthesia (GA). Doing this block through ultrasound has higher index of safety, allowing providers to identify the appropriate point of injection and performing this block with greater accuracy under direct visualization. Objective: the aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of bupivacaine plus dexamethasone versus bupivacaine plus dexmedetomidine as adjuvants on block characteristics including onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of postoperative analgesia, post-operative pain score and sedation score. Patients and Methods: This prospective double – blinded, randomized controlled trial included a total of 60 patients divided to two groups, each group contained 30 patients. Group 1 (dexmedetomidine group) had received 1μg/kg of dexmedetomidine + 20 ml bupivacaine 5%. Group 2 (dexamethasone group) had received dexamethasone + 20 ml of bupivacaine5%. Results: In this study the onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade was statistically shorter in dexamethasone group when compared to dexmedetomidine group. Conclusion: It could be concluded that addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine prolongs the time of block and analgesia duration longer than dexamethasone, but the onset of block was shorter when dexamethasone was added to bupivacaine.
Comparative Evaluation of Conventional Rotary Technique with Piezoelectric Technique in Removal of Impacted Third Molar

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Surgical removal of impacted third molars is often required to prevent clinical symptoms. While rotary cutting instruments have been traditionally, and are still popularly used to remove impacted third molars, they are associated with high rate of pain and post operative swelling. Piezosurgery is a newer technique that promises greater precision of cuts and lesser post operative sequela. The aim of this study was to compare piezosurgery with rotary techniques in terms of their interaoperative and post operative effects. Materials and Methods A total of 40 patients, within the age of 18- 40 years, with asymptomatic impacted mandibular third molars were selected for the study and randomized into 2 goups. Group A consisted of 20 patients who underwent surgical extraction with rotary instruments and Group B consisted of 20 patients who underwent surgical extraction done with piezoelectric unit. The intra operative time taken and tissue destruction was assessed and the post operative pain, swelling and trismus were assessed over a follow up period of 7 days. Results: The mean time of surgery was 27.35±(3.1) min in group A, where as it was 53.65±(2.4) min in group B. The mean incidence of tissue destruction was 0.8000±(.41) in group A, whereas it was 0.2000±(.41) in group B . The mean Postoperative pain on Day 0 was 5.05±(0.69) in group A and 3.05±(0.69) in group B, on Day 3 was 3.20±(0.7) in group A and 1.50±(0.69) in group B and on Day 5 was 2.0±(0.73) in group A and 0.40±(0.6) in group B.On the 3rd postoperative day mean post operative swelling 2.51±(0.3) cm in Group A and , Mean postoperative swelling 1.2600±(0.28910) cm in Group B. On the 5th postoperative day mean post operative swelling was 1.4±(0.31) in Group A and 0.5650±(0.21095) in Group B. The difference between both groups was found to be statistically significant for all parameters. Conclusion Although Peizosurgery takes more time and is more expensive, the advantages gained in terms of tissue preservation, and decreased pain and swelling make it a superior technique compared to using rotary instruments in impacted third molar.
The use of tobacco in online trailers of top-grossing movies

INTRODUCTION Images of tobacco use in movies have been studied extensively, showing that smoking in movies can cause the initiation of smoking among young people. Tobacco use in movie trailers, however, has not been monitored to the extent of full-length films. As such, the purpose of this study was to assess how many online trailers from top-grossing movies contain images of tobacco use, and to estimate audience exposure to those depictions. METHODS A total of 964 trailers from the top-grossing movies of 2010–16 were located on YouTube and analyzed for the number of tobacco ‘incidents’ (tobacco went off screen and on screen, a different actor had tobacco, or a new scene contained tobacco). Audience exposure was measured through ‘impressions’, by multiplying each trailer’s number of incidents by the number of times the trailer was viewed. RESULTS From 2010 to 2016, the trailers from top-grossing movies increased in: total per cent of tobacco incidents (16% in 2010 vs 21% in 2016), total number of incidents (69 in 2010 vs 102 in 2016), and tobacco impressions (89 million in 2010 vs 725 million in 2016). CONCLUSIONS A considerable number of online movie trailers contain incidents of tobacco use, with a noteworthy exposure to those incidents. As such, tobacco use in movie trailers should be monitored to the same extent as full-length movies, and public health professionals should advocate for age-verification restrictions to movie trailers that contain tobacco incidents and that anti-smoking advertisements be shown before trailers containing any incidents.
Supercontinuum Generation in Media with Sign‐Alternated Dispersion

When an ultrafast optical pulse with high intensity propagates through transparent material a supercontinuum can be coherently generated by self‐phase modulation, which is essential to many photonic applications in fibers and integrated waveguides. However, the presence of dispersion causes stagnation of spectral broadening past a certain propagation length, requiring an increased input peak power for further broadening. Overcoming such spectral stagnation will be key to achieve practical integrated supercontinuum devices. Here, a concept is presented to drive supercontinuum generation with significantly lower input power by counteracting spectral stagnation via repeatedly alternating the sign of group velocity dispersion along the propagation. The effect is experimentally demonstrated in dispersion alternating fiber in excellent agreement with modeling, revealing almost an order of magnitude reduced peak power compared to uniform dispersion. Calculations also reveal a similar power reduction with integrated optical waveguides, simultaneously with a significant increase in flat bandwidth, which is important for on‐chip broadband photonics.
Solidarity and Responsibility in Health Care

Abstract Some healthcare systems are said to be grounded in solidarity because healthcare is funded as a form of mutual support. This article argues that health care systems that are grounded in solidarity have the right to penalise some users who are responsible for their poor health. This derives from the fact that solidary systems involve both rights and obligations and, in some cases, those who avoidably incur health burdens violate obligations of solidarity. Penalties warranted include direct patient contribution to costs, and lower priority treatment, but not typically full exclusion from the healthcare system. We also note two important restrictions on this argument. First, failures of solidary obligations can only be assumed under conditions that are conducive to sufficiently autonomous choice, which occur when patients are given ‘Golden Opportunities’ to improve their health. Second, because poor health does not occur in a social vacuum, an insistence on solidarity as part of healthcare is legitimate only if all members of society are held to similar standards of solidarity. We cannot insist upon, and penalise failures of, solidarity only for those who are unwell, and who cannot afford to evade the terms of public health.
Sensor Networks and Configuration: Fundamentals, Standards, Platforms, and Applications

This book incorporates a selection of research and development papers. Its scope is on history and background, underlying design methodology, application domains and recent developments. The readers will be able to understand the underlying technology, philosophy, concepts, ideas, and principles, with regard to broader areas of sensor network. Aspects of sensor network and experimental results have been presented in proper order.
Relationship of Physicians' Rapport with Patients' Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being During Hospitalization

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the psychological well-being and satisfaction of patients with physicians during their hospitalization. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at a local hospital using the following surveys: Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT), tool to assess inpatient satisfaction with care from hospitalists (TAISCH) survey, and Erlanger Internal Patient satisfaction survey addressing demographic questions and questions on physicians’ quality of care and etiquette. Mixed linear regression models were created to examine the effect of psychological well-being on patient satisfaction. Models were adjusted for age, race, and gender, and all analyses were performed in R 3.1. 1 using the ‘lme4’ package with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results A total of 360 patients were enrolled in this analysis and the mean age of the cohort was 54.5 years. In the unadjusted analysis, each unit increase in BIT score was associated with a 0.3% (95% CI:0.19-0.4, p<0.001) increase in mean satisfaction score using the five-domain questionnaire and a 0.25% (95%CI:0.16-0.34, p<0.01) increase in mean satisfaction score using the TAISCH questionnaire. Multivariable models, after adjusting confounding variables, also showed the direct and statistically significant relationship between patients’ level of psychological well-being and patient satisfaction. Each unit increase in BIT score was associated with a 0.31% (95% CI:0.20-0.43, p<0.001) and 0.26% (95% CI:0.17-0.36, p<0.001) increase in mean satisfaction scores across the five-domain questionnaire and TAISCH questionnaire. Conclusions There is a positive correlation between the level of patients’ psychological well-being and satisfaction with his/her physician with a statistical significance. With patient-specific strategies, we can further improve patient rapport with their physicians, resulting in positive patient outcomes.
Evaluation of dentists’ knowledge on urgency conduct for avulsed teeth

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of dentists in the city of Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil, relative to the management of avulsed teeth. According to the sample calculation, 96 professionals, who were not specialists in Endodontics or oral and maxillofacial surgery, were selected by random draw. The method chosen for verifying their knowledge was the application of a questionnaire composed of multiple choice questions. The data obtained were analyzed by the Exact Fisher test. Among the results obtained, we point out that the definition of tooth avulsion was correctly answered by 99%; 50% indicated milk; 49% saliva; 40% physiological solution, and 7% water as storage media; 52% would use rigid splinting as a fixation method; and for 72% the ideal time of containment procedures would be 60 days. There was association between the years of experience of the professionals with management of cases of tooth avulsion (p = 0.04555). The authors concluded that the dentists in the city of Maringá, State of Paraná, did not demonstrate good knowledge about the procedures to be adopted for management of avulsed teeth. Misunderstandings were observed relative to the appropriate method of storing the avulsed tooth and the type of splinting procedure most indicated for stabilizing the reimplanted tooth.