Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Model Selection for High-dimensional High-throughput Data

Bayesian Model Selection for High-dimensional High-throughput Data. (May 2010) Adarsh Joshi, B.Tech., Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; M.S., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Valen E. Johnson Dr. David B. Dahl Bayesian methods are often criticized on the grounds of subjectivity. Furthermore, misspecified priors can have a deleterious effect on Bayesian inference. Noting that model selection is effectively a test of many hypotheses, Dr. Valen E. Johnson sought to eliminate the need of prior specification by computing Bayes’ factors from frequentist test statistics. In his pioneering work that was published in the year 2005, Dr. Johnson proposed using so-called local priors for computing Bayes’ factors from test statistics. Dr. Johnson and Dr. Jianhua Hu used Bayes’ factors for model selection in a linear model setting. In an independent work, Dr. Johnson and another colleage, David Rossell, investigated two families of non-local priors for testing the regression parameter in a linear model setting. These non-local priors enable greater separation between the theories of null and alternative hypotheses. In this dissertation, I extend model selection based on Bayes’ factors and use nonlocal priors to define Bayes’ factors based on test statistics. With these priors, I have been able to reduce the problem of prior specification to setting to just one scaling parameter. That scaling parameter can be easily set, for example, on the basis of frequentist operating characteristics of the corresponding Bayes’ factors. Furthermore, the loss of information
Scalability and Storage: Survey of Free Software/Open Source RDF storage systems

The present invention comprises a rotating drum assembly mounted on a framework above a conveyor assembly disposed transversely to the drum, a cross conveyor in the conveyor assembly operable to drivingly feed lumber into a saw assembly. The rotating drum assembly is provided with a multiplicity of groups of wires suitably fastened to the opposite terminal end plates of the drum and a light projecting source suitably mounted in the drum being operable to project light through unit groups of wires passing under the light projecting source in response to rotation of the drum and to project shadow impages of the wires upon lumber traveling on the conveyor therebeneath. The drum assembly also includes a parallax guide suitably fixed inside the rotating drum assembly operable to planarly orient unit groups of wires on the drum as they are caused to pass over the guide in response to rotation of the drum. The wires of each of the unit groups are parallelly spaced apart on the drum a distance geometrically coincident with the spacing of parallel mounted saw blades in the saw assembly. Each unit group of wires on the drum are spaced apart a distance geometrically coincident with the spacing of lumber guide bars on the conveyor assembly. Adjusting means is provided on the drum assembly to interrupt the synchronous drive of the drum operable to selectively align shadow impages on a selected piece of lumber being carried by a respective guide bar on the conveyor. The adjusting means is electrically interconnected to the saw assembly to selectively align saw blades coincident with the shadow line images on the lumber.
Food Security Experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Families with Young Children in An Urban Setting: Influencing Factors and Coping Strategies

Evidence on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ food security experiences and coping strategies used when food insecurity occurs is limited. Such evidence is important to inform policies that can reduce the consequences of food insecurity. This study investigated factors perceived by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families with young children to influence household food security, and coping strategies used, in an urban setting. A qualitative research inductive approach was used. Data were collected through an iterative process of inquiry through initial interviews with 30 primary care-givers, followed by in-depth interviews with six participants to further explore emerging themes. Major topics explored were: influencing factors, food insecurity experiences, impact on food selection, and coping strategies. Food affordability relating to income and living expenses was a major barrier to a healthy diet with large household bills impacting food choice and meal quality. Access to family support was the main reported coping strategy. Food insecurity is experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families, it is largely intermittent occurring especially when large household bills are due for payment. Family support provides an essential safety net and the implications of this are important to consider in public policy to address food insecurity.
Computational approaches for skin sensitization prediction

Abstract Drugs, cosmetics, preservatives, fragrances, pesticides, metals, and other chemicals can cause skin sensitization. The ability to predict the skin sensitization potential and potency of substances is therefore of enormous importance to a host of different industries, to customers’ and workers’ safety. Animal experiments have been the preferred testing method for most risk assessment and regulatory purposes but considerable efforts to replace them with non-animal models and in silico models are ongoing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the computational approaches and models that have been developed for skin sensitization prediction over the last 10 years. The scope and limitations of rule-based approaches, read-across, linear and nonlinear (quantitative) structure–activity relationship ((Q)SAR) modeling, hybrid or combined approaches, and models integrating computational methods with experimental results are discussed followed by examples of relevant models. Emphasis is placed on models that are accessible to the scientific community, and on model validation. A dedicated section reports on comparative performance assessments of various approaches and models. The review also provides a concise overview of relevant data sources on skin sensitization.
Dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications and Role of Antiplatelet Agents in Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Dyslipidemia is the major risk factors for macrovascular complications leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to this, endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, impaired fibrinolytic balance and abnormal blood flow may accelerate atherosclerosis and increased risk of thrombotic vascular events (Colwell & Nesto, 2003). Macrovascular disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in T2DM (Koskinen, 1998). Macrovascular disease is defined as illnesses affecting the larger arteries supplying the heart, brain, and the legs, thereby causing ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease (Thompson, 1999). In patients with diabetes, alteration in distribution of lipid increased risk of atherosclerosis. Specifically, insulin resistance and insulin deficiency was identified as phenotype of dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus (Taskinen, 2003; Krauss & Siri, 2004; Chahil & Ginsberg, 2006). This was characterized with high plasma triglyceride level, low HDL cholesterol level and increased level of small dense LDL-cholesterol (Mooradian, 2008). In these patient also, the increment of free fatty-acid release is due to insulin resistance. With the presence of adequate glycogen stores in the liver, this will promote triglyceride production, which stimulates the secretion of apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and VLDL cholesterol (Mooradian, 2008). Hepatic production of VLDL cholesterol is enhanced due to disability of insulin to inhibit the release of free fatty-acid. Low HDL cholesterol levels were also associated with hyperinsulinemia. There are several associations between dyslipidemia and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low HDL cholesterol and increased triglyceride levels may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In conjunction with increased small dense LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol levels, further evidence suggests that acceleration of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus and insulin-resistant conditions is regulated by hypertriglyceridemia. Nevertheless, the association between LDL cholesterol and CHD risk is stronger compared to the association between hypertriglyceridemia and CHD risk. Type 2 diabetes is also associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia or syndrome X comprises hypertension, dyslipidemia,
Anxiety, depression, and strain among caregivers of terminally ill patients

Aim To describe the characteristics of informal caregivers of terminally ill (hepatic, cardiac, and renal failure) patients and their care recipients and to examine the relationship between depression, anxiety, and burden among informal caregivers. Participants and methods This was a cross-sectional study, in which 51 caregivers of terminally ill (hepatic, cardiac, and renal failure) patients were recruited from among inpatients of Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Al Aini, Faculty of Medicine, from September 2011 to April 2012. The patients were subjected to a Caregiver Questionnaire, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scales, and the Modified Caregiver Strain Index was determined. Results Most of the caregivers experienced high levels of burden, severe anxiety, and mild depression. Several factors showed a statistically significant correlation with caregiver burden, anxiety, and depression including the care recipient’s functional status, personality changes, mental functioning, the presence of comorbidity, the Palliative Prognostic Score, being the main caregiver, duration of caregiving, the caregiver’s employment status, perceived health, and impact on social activities. Caregiver burden, anxiety, and depression were significantly correlated. Conclusion Caregivers of terminal organ failure (hepatic, cardiac, and renal) patients experience high levels of burden, severe anxiety, and mild depression. Predictors of anxiety, depression, and burden include being the main caregiver, duration of caregiving, the caregiver’s employment status, perceived health, and impact on social activities.
A comparison of medical drainage (needle aspiration) and surgical drainage (arthrotomy or arthroscopy) in the initial treatment of infected joints.

: Acute infectious arthritis remains a clinical emergency where early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential to a successful outcome. The therapeutic requirements for a successful outcome include early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotics, joint mobilization and adequate drainage. The method of drainage can be medical with needle aspiration or surgical with arthroscopic or open surgical debridement. The literature review presented in this chapter supports the value of the initial use of medical therapy in the management of the acutely infected joint, with surgical drainage reserved for failure of medical management or for initial drainage of hip infections where needle aspiration is difficult.
Serum leptin levels among malnourished children with and without pneumonia

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the serum leptin level in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) with and without pneumonia. The study included 60 children; 20 were controls, 20 had PEM without infection and 20 had PEM and pneumonia. They were subjected to nutritional assessments; serum leptin level, haemoglobin concentration, white-blood cell (WBC) count, CD4%, serum albumin, blood glucose, blood urea-nitrogen, and serum ferritin, and chest x-ray. Serum leptin levels were independently associated with pneumonia on multivariate analysis. In addition, serum leptin level and CD4% were significantly lower in the groups with PEM and pneumonia than in the group with PEM without pneumonia (p < 0.001). Low serum leptin levels were associated with pneumonia in children with protein energy malnutrition.
Exploring the spatial heterogeneity in different doses of vaccination coverage in India

Background Despite the universalization of immunization against the six vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), the coverage of full immunization among the children under age five has remained a challenge globally. The 2015–16 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) indicated large disparity in the coverage of different vaccination doses (BCG, Polio, DPT and Measles) including full immunization across the districts of India. The spatial distribution of poor performing districts in terms of vaccination and the district level spatial, contextual determinants contributing to the low coverage have been poorly studied. Using the recent household survey (NFHS, 2015–16), this study examined the spatial heterogeneity and the factors associated with low vaccination coverage among the children aged 12–23 months across India. Data and methods This study used the data from fourth round of National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. District-level prevalence of each of the vaccination doses including full immunization, were analysed. Moran’s I, Univariate and Bivariate LISA, Ordinary least square (OLS) and spatial models were employed to achieve the overall aim of the study. Results At the national level, the prevalence of full immunization was 62 percent. Specific vaccination coverage for BCG, three doses of polio, three doses of DPT and measles were 92, 73, 78 and 81 percent, respectively. The value of the bivariate Moran’s I statistics confirmed the spatial dependence between specific vaccination and the set of independent variables. District-level prevalence of the specific vaccine and full immunization showed significant spatial clustering across India. The adjusted coefficients from the spatial error model confirmed that district-level proportion of utilization of post-natal care, institutional births, neonatal tetanus protection of the last birth, women’s education and coverage of health insurance showed statistically significant association with every doses of vaccination coverage. Conclusion The full and specific immunization coverage was considerably low in the geographical hotspots as compared to the national coverage. Maternal and child health care services utilization, financial assistance to the mothers through JSY scheme and mother’s education were found to determine full immunization as well as the specific vaccination coverage. Appropriate intervention should be designed to reduce the geographical disparity in the coverage of specific and full immunization across India and thus safeguard child health protecting the children from the vaccine preventable diseases across the geography.
Physical activity in young adults with autism spectrum disorder: Parental perceptions of barriers and facilitators

The importance of physical activity in persons with disabilities is well known, yet the prevalence of inactivity remains high. The physical activity behaviors among adults on the autism spectrum are largely unexplored. It is presumed that sedentary behavior and obesity are a greater health issue among young adults on the autism spectrum who no longer receive Individuals with Disabilities Education Act services and supports such as school-based physical education. Using a phenomenology approach, the parents of eight young adults on the autism spectrum were interviewed about their perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to getting their young adults on the autism spectrum physically active. The purpose of this study was to investigate parent’s perspective of physical activity barriers and facilitators of their adult children on the autism spectrum. Common themes of both physical activity barriers and facilitators included parents, behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder, and access and opportunities.
Healthcare Providers’ Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practice Behaviors for Educating Patients About Advance Directives: A National Survey

Background: Advance care planning for end-of-life care emerged in the mid-1970’s to address the need for tools, such as the advance directive (AD) legal document, to guide medical decision-making among seriously ill patients, their families, and healthcare providers. Objective: Study aims examine providers’ perspectives on AD education that involve examining (1) a range of attitudes about educating patients, (2) whether prior knowledge was associated with practice behaviors in educating patients, and (3) specific factors among healthcare providers such as characteristics of work setting, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors that may influence AD education and documentation. Design: To examine providers’ views, we conducted a cross-sectional, online survey questionnaire of healthcare providers using social media outreach methods for recruitment. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey design to examine the proposed aims. Healthcare providers, recruited through a broad approach using snowball methods, were invited to participate in an online survey. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine providers’ views toward AD education. Results: Of 520 participants, findings indicate that most healthcare providers said that they were knowledgeable about AD education. They also viewed providing education as beneficial to their practice. These findings suggest that having a positive attitude toward AD education and experiencing less organizational barriers indicate a higher likelihood that providers will educate patients regarding ADs. Conclusion: Various disciplines are represented in this study, which indicates that attitudes and knowledge influence AD discussions. The importance of AD discussions initiated by healthcare providers is critical to providing optimal patient-centered care.
Validity of physics module nuanced model of process oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) to improve scientific literacy at 10th grade senior high school

The module should be able to make students to learn independently and actively in learning such as demands in the curriculum 2013. But the facts found in the field that the module that is used has not contained the learning model recommended in the curriculum 2013 and still not linked to the concrete concept in the daily life of participants educated, so the students are still less active and unable to learn independently. This type of research carried out in the form of research and development using revess a model that consists of four phases: problem analysis, solution, iterative testing and refinement phase, implementation. This study aims to determine the validity of Physics model modules nuanced Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) to improve scientific literacy. This subject is a student of grade X SMAN 1 2×11 Kayutanam. Based on the validity of the analysis, data from the Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) module obtained results, the validity of the contents in the average category 0.89, the construct validity of 0.84, the validity of the language with 0.875, and the graphics with 0.9. Furthermore, the results of Physics module nuanced model Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) are categorized by valid criteria.
Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Used by hundreds of thousands of students since its first edition, INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS continues to blend the best of its proven coverage with new innovations. While retaining the straightforward presentation and traditional outline for descriptive and inferential statistics, the Twelfth Edition incorporates exciting new learning aids like MyPersonal Trainer, MyApplet, and MyTip to ensure that students learn and understand the relevance of the material. The book takes advantage of modern technology, including computational software and interactive visual tools, to facilitate statistical reasoning as well as the understanding and interpretation of statistical results. In addition to showing how to apply statistical procedures, the authors explain how to meaningfully describe real sets of data, what the statistical tests mean in terms of their practical applications, how to evaluate the validity of the assumptions behind statistical tests, and what to do when statistical assumptions have been violated. This new edition retains the statistical integrity, examples, exercises and exposition that have made it a market leader, and builds upon this tradition of excellence with new technology integration.
Acceptance sampling using judgmental and randomly selected samples

We present a Bayesian model for acceptance sampling where the population consists of two groups, each with different levels of risk of containing unacceptable items. Expert opinion, or judgment, may be required to distinguish between the high and low-risk groups. Hence, high-risk items are likely to be identifed (and sampled) using expert judgment, while the remaining low-risk items are sampled randomly. We focus on the situation where all observed samples must be acceptable. Consequently, the objective of the statistical inference is to quantify the probability that a large percentage of the unsampled items in the population are also acceptable. We demonstrate that traditional (frequentist) acceptance sampling and simpler Bayesian formulations of the problem are essentially special cases of the proposed model. We explore the properties of the model in detail, and discuss the conditions necessary to ensure that required samples sizes are non-decreasing function of the population size. The method is applicable to a variety of acceptance sampling problems, and, in particular, to environmental sampling where the objective is to demonstrate the safety of reoccupying a remediated facility that has been contaminated with a lethal agent.
V2O5 Thin Films as Nitrogen Dioxide Sensors †

Vanadium pentoxide thin films were deposited onto insulating support by means of rf reactive sputtering from a metallic vanadium target. Argon-oxygen gas mixtures of different compositions controlled by the flow rates were used for sputtering. X-ray diffraction at glancing incidence (GIXD) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) were used for structural and phase characterization. Thickness of the films was determined by the profilometry. It has been confirmed by GIXD that the deposited films are composed of V2O5 phase. The gas sensing properties of V2O5 thin films were investigated at temperatures from range 410–617 K upon NO2 gas of 4–20 ppm. The investigated material exhibited good response and reversibility towards nitrogen dioxide. The effect of metal-insulator transition (MIT) on sensor performance has been observed and discussed for the first time. It was found that a considerable increase of the sensor sensitivity occured above 545 K, which is related to postulated metal-insulator transition.
The Impact of AIDS: Psychological and Social Aspects of HIV Infection

Condom use in heterosexual sex: a review of research 1985-1994 initiating and maintaining safer sex: evaluation of group work with gay men utilizing Peer education and target group empowerment to induce a diffusional behaviour change on a university campus HIV/AIDS education in the workplace: "it's not my responsibility" ten years of AIDS images in the Puerto Rican Press: 1983-1992 drug injecting and the spread of HIV infection in south east Asia network and sociohistorical approaches to the HIV epidemic among drug injectors amphetamine injecting women and their primary partners: an analysis of risk behaviour recognising and countering the psychological and economic impact of HIV on women in developing countries.