Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug Errors and Protocol for Prevention among Anaesthetists in Nigeria

Background Drugs are often prescribed, dispensed, and administered by the same person during anaesthesia, and this may increase the risk of drug error. Objectives To assess the frequency of drug administration errors by anaesthetists, the drugs commonly involved, and the effects of such errors. Method A questionnaire-based study was carried out among participants at an annual conference of Nigerian anaesthetists. Sixty-six of the 80 participants returned the completed questionnaire. The respondents comprised 1 nurse anaesthetist, 34 resident doctors, 3 doctors with diploma in anaesthesia, and 28 consultant anaesthetists. The collated data on drug errors, the effect of such errors on patients, and formulated protocols to prevent future occurrence were subjected to descriptive analysis using Microsoft Excel. Result Drug error was reported by 71.21% and witnessed by 22.72% of the respondents. Most of the drug errors occurred during general anaesthesia (90.3%) for emergency procedures (51.61%), and muscle relaxants were most commonly involved (58.06%). Conclusion Drug errors are common among anaesthetists in Nigeria and their incidence is greater during general anaesthesia for emergency procedures, largely as a result of ampoule swaps due to similarities in ampoule design and packaging. Guidelines on their prevention should be developed by all health institutions.
E2F1 suppresses cardiac neovascularization by down-regulating VEGF and PlGF expression.

AIMS The E2F transcription factors are best characterized for their roles in cell-cycle regulation, cell growth, and cell death. Here we investigated the potential role of E2F1 in cardiac neovascularization. METHODS AND RESULTS We induced myocardial infarction (MI) by ligating the left anterior descending artery in wild-type (WT) and E2F1(-/-) mice. E2F1(-/-) mice demonstrated a significantly better cardiac function and smaller infarct sizes than WT mice. At infarct border zone, capillary density and endothelial cell (EC) proliferation were greater, apoptotic ECs were fewer, levels of VEGF and placental growth factor (PlGF) were higher, and p53 level was lower in E2F1(-/-) than in WT mice. Blockade of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signalling with the selective inhibitor SU5416 or with the VEGFR2-blocking antibody DC101 abolished the differences between E2F1(-/-) mice and WT mice in cardiac function, infarct size, capillary density, EC proliferation, and EC apoptosis. In vitro, hypoxia-induced VEGF and PlGF up-regulation was significantly greater in E2F1(-/-) than in WT cardiac fibroblasts, and E2F1 overexpression suppressed PlGF up-regulation in both WT and p53(-/-) cells; however, VEGF up-regulation was suppressed only in WT cells. E2F1 interacted with and stabilized p53 under hypoxic conditions, and both E2F1 : p53 binding and the E2F1-induced suppression of VEGF promoter activity were absent in cells that expressed an N-terminally truncated E2F1 mutant. CONCLUSION E2F1 limits cardiac neovascularization and functional recovery after MI by suppressing VEGF and PlGF up-regulation through p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively.
Optimized Gabor filter based feature extraction for character recognition

/spl omega/This paper proposed a new feature extraction method for Chinese character recognition by using optimized Gabor filters. Based on the theory of Gabor filters and the statistical information of Chinese character images, a simple but effective method to design Gabor filters was developed. Moreover, to improve the performances for low quality images, we modified the non-linear function used in previous research to regulate the outputs of Gabor filters adaptively. This paper also meliorated the feature extraction method to improve the discriminability of histogram features. Experiments had shown that our method perform excellently for images with noises, backgrounds or stroke distortions and can be applied to printed or handwritten character recognition tasks in low quality greyscale or binary images.
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry screening of serum metabolomic biomarkers in hepatitis B virus infected cirrhosis patients

Abstract Background: Metabolomic studies have been applied to disease biomarkers selection. With the metabolomic technique, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), human serum metabolites can be detected and identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum metabolic profile of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected cirrhosis patients and to detect disease biomarkers. Methods: HBV infected non-cirrhosis male subjects (n=20) and HBV infected cirrhosis male patients (n=20) participated in this experiment. Serum metabolome was detected through chemical derivatization followed by GC/MS. The high-flux metabolomic data were analyzed by stepwise discriminant analysis. Results: Out of the 41 metabolites detected in serum, we selected metabolites, including acetic acid, sorbitol, D-lactic acid, hexanoic acid, 1-naphthalenamine, butanoic acid, phosphoric acid, D-glucitol, and glucose, which in combination with each other could segregate the two groups. The error count was 0% for the non-cirrhosis group and 25% for the cirrhosis group. Conclusions: This technique can be used to select biomarkers for hepatic cirrhosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:305–10.
Collisional effects on the numerical recurrence in Vlasov-Poisson simulations

The initial state recurrence in numerical simulations of the Vlasov-Poisson system is a well-known phenomenon. Here, we study the effect on recurrence of artificial collisions modeled through the Lenard-Bernstein operator [A. Lenard and I. B. Bernstein, Phys. Rev. 112, 1456–1459 (1958)]. By decomposing the linear Vlasov-Poisson system in the Fourier-Hermite space, the recurrence problem is investigated in the linear regime of the damping of a Langmuir wave and of the onset of the bump-on-tail instability. The analysis is then confirmed and extended to the nonlinear regime through an Eulerian collisional Vlasov-Poisson code. It is found that, despite being routinely used, an artificial collisionality is not a viable way of preventing recurrence in numerical simulations without compromising the kinetic nature of the solution. Moreover, it is shown how numerical effects associated to the generation of fine velocity scales can modify the physical features of the system evolution even in nonlinear regime. This means that filamentation-like phenomena, usually associated with low amplitude fluctuations contexts, can play a role even in nonlinear regime.
A novel transit rider satisfaction metric: Rider sentiments measured from online social media data

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the use of an innovative social media-based data source, Twitter, to evaluate transit rider satisfaction. Transit authorities have access to vast amounts of performance metrics that measure ridership, timeliness, efficiency, safety, cleanliness, and service, to name a few. These performance metrics, however, are generally one-sided; they represent the interests of the business and are not customer-based. This paper recognizes the limitations of standard performance metrics and attempts to gauge transit rider sentiments by measuring Twitter feeds. Sentiment analysis is used to classify a population of rider sentiments over a period of time. Conclusions are drawn from totals of positive and negative sentiments, normalized average sentiments, and the total number of Tweets collected over a time period.
L-arginine modulates maternal hormonal profiles and neonatal traits during two stages of pregnancy in sheep.

A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was designed to test effects of supplementation of a low (L, 75 mg/kg BW) vs. high (H, 150 mg/kg BW) L-arginine given at early (first 56 days) vs. late (last 56 days) pregnancy on maternal hormones and neonatal traits. Thirty Najdi pregnant ewes were randomly allocated into 6 groups. Ewes in G1 and G2 served as controls (C), given 50 ml saline at either early (CE) or late (CL) pregnancy, respectively. G3 and G4 ewes in early pregnancy received low (LE) and high L-arginine (HE), respectively. G5 and G6 ewes in late pregnancy received low (LL) and high (HL) L-arginine, respectively. A weekly blood sample was collected from initiation of the treatment till parturition. Serum growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin, progesterone (P4) and estradiol 17 β (E2) profiles were determined. Neonatal traits were also determined. Insulin was higher (P 0.05). Lamb survival rates at birth in LE ewes were highest (100%) compared to other treatments. In conclusion, supplementing pregnant ewes with low dosage of L-arginine at early stage of gestation increased lamb birth weight and survival, and improved maternal health.
Brief report: children's responses to trauma- and nontrauma-related hospital admission: a comparison study.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate and compare psychological responses in children and parents 1 month after trauma- and nontrauma-related hospital admission. METHODS Two hundred and five children aged 7-16 years (and their parents) were assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other psychopathology, and distress 1 month after trauma-related (Trauma Group; n = 101) and nontrauma-related hospital admission (Non-Trauma Group; n = 104). RESULTS Clinically elevated PTSD symptom levels were more prevalent in children admitted for trauma-related (18%) than nontrauma-related reasons (4%). Parents also experienced posttraumatic distress, although rates of clinically elevated symptom levels did not differ between the Trauma (11%) and Non-Trauma (8%) groups. Other pathology and distress in children and parents were comparable across groups. CONCLUSIONS Children experienced greater posttraumatic distress following trauma-related hospital admission, while parents' experience of their child's hospitalization is equally distressing regardless of the reason for admission.
The impact of sleep-related attentional bias on polysomnographically measured sleep in primary insomnia.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Although sleep-related attentional bias has been shown to be evident in primary insomnia, the association with objectively measured sleep has not been investigated. In the present study, we used polysomnography (PSG) to fill this void. DESIGN Patients with primary insomnia and healthy controls were studied using a visual dot probe task (VDP) and an emotional Stroop task (EST). Additionally, polysomnography was carried out in a sub-sample (n = 22) of patients in the subsequent night. SETTING Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University of Freiburg Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS Thirty patients with primary insomnia and 30 matched healthy controls. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Patients with primary insomnia demonstrated a significant sleep-related attentional bias compared to controls in the EST but no significant group effects were found for the VDP. VDP attentional bias scores were positively correlated with measures of sleep pressure, including total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and the amount of slow wave sleep. EST attentional bias scores were not correlated with subsequent PSG parameters, and we did not observe a correlation between attentional bias scores on the two tasks. CONCLUSIONS The unexpected relationship between increased attentional bias, in the VDP task, and improved markers of sleep duration and continuity, may be indicative of a homeostatic craving for sleep in those with high attentional bias. This awaits further testing in multiple night studies, to shed light on the mechanisms and implications of sleep-related attentional bias.
Morphometric Analysis of the Occipital Condyle and Its Surgical Importance.

INTRODUCTION The Occipital Condyle (OC) is an integral component of craniovertebral region which is predisposed to a wide array of traumatic, degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Frequent surgical interventions of OC are required for successful management of these conditions. Hence a meticulous anatomical knowledge of the OC is vital but variability in morphometric dimensions exist amongst different races and hinder the standardization of measurements. AIM The aim of this study was to present a morphometric reference database for OC of the Indian population and enable comparisons with other populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed on 228 OC of 114 adult human skulls. Linear measurements of the OC were taken with the help of digital Vernier's Calliper and angular measurements were determined with software Image J. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Mean and standard deviation of the morphometric parameters taken into account were analysed. The comparison of morphometric dimensions of the right and left sides was carried out using Student's t-test and p-value was calculated. RESULTS The morphometric analysis of the OC established that mean width was larger (12.97 mm) in Indians population when compared to other races. The anterior and posterior intercondylar distances as well as the distances between the tips of OC and opisthion and basion were observed to be shorter in Indians. We found a significant difference (p=0.01) among the distance between Posterior tip of Occipital Condyle (POC) and basion of the right and left sides. The sagittal condylar angle and sagittal intercondylar angle were found to be greater in our study when compared to other researchers. There existed a highly significant difference (p=0.001) between the sagittal condylar angles of the right and left sides. CONCLUSION The present morphometric study would be valuable for the successful instrumentation of the OC as wider and ventrally oriented OC as well as smaller intercondylar distances may pose challenge to the surgeons during condylectomy. The data of present study offer anatomical reference to the surgeons and would be helpful in designing implants for the OC.
SORPTION BEHAVIOR OF FOUR TROPICAL WOODS USING A DYNAMIC VAPOR SORPTION STANDARD ANALYSIS SYSTEM

Sorption behavior of four tropical woods coming from Cameroon is studied using a Dynamic Vapor Sorption-Intrinsic apparatus. Sorption isotherms at 20°C and 40°C of Triplochiton scleroxylon (obeche), Entandrophragma cylindricum (sapele), Sterculia rhinopetala (lotofa) and Terminalia superba (frake also called limba) are compared to those in the literature with methods using saturated salts for lotofa and frake with satisfactory results. Experimental values are fitted using two sorption isotherm models. Sorption hysteresis is greatest in sapele and least in frake. When temperature increases, differences in the hysteresis of sorption among the woods decreases. Hystereses of all studied woods ranged from 0,5 to 3%. Our studied woods have lower equilibrium moisture content probably caused by the higher values of extractives content. The water sorbed molecules on multilayer during both adsorption and desorption at 20°C and 40°C is greater in the case of frake and lower in the case of lotofa. The water sorbed molecules on multilayer of sapele is greater than those of obeche. The predominance of multilayer over monolayer of our woods is from 0,2 to 0,4 relative humidity in adsorption phase, and from 0,3 to 0,4 relative humidity in desorption phase.
Specific CH4 gas sensor based on tungsten carbide/SnO2 core-shell modified interdigitated electrode

In this study, a specific CH4 sensor is fabricated based on interdigitated electrode that modified with core-shell of tungsten carbide/tin oxide (WC/SnO2) nanoparticles by wet chemical method. The morphology of wet chemical-synthesized WC/SnO2 core-shell was evaluated by different methods such as patterned X-ray diffraction (XRD), and particle size analyzer (PSA). The fabricated sensor is selected as specific nano material for CH4 detection. In the fabricated CH4 sensor, change in resistance of the sensor was considered as the detection system. In this study, figures of merits such as linearity, specificity, response time were also evaluated. No serious interference was evaluated for different foreign gases, introduced to a certain concentration of CH4. The reliability of the fabricated CH4 sensor was evaluated via measuring CH4 in several gaseous samples. A fast response time about 22s has obtained from (5.0%WC-doped SnO2).
THE EFFECT OF CORIANDER SEED POWDER CONSUMPTION ON ATHEROSCLEROTIC AND CARDIOPROTECTIVE INDICES OF TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coriander seed powder (CSP) on the atherosclerotic and cardioprotective indices in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, fifty type 2 diabetic patients consumed 2 capsules of the CSP /day for a period of 6weeks. Blood samples were collected from the patients before and after the course of CSP consumption after 12 h of fasting . The plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C , HDL-C ,urea and creatinine were measured before and after the CSP consumption for 6 weeks. Atherosclerotic and cardioprotective indices were calculated. Results: The CSP consumption for 6 weeks in type 2 diabetic patients significantly reduced plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C (p< 0.001), but HDL-C was not significantly changed (p≥ 0.05). But there was no significant effect on urea and creatinine concentrations. Atherosclerotic index decreased while cardioprotective indices increased. Conclusion: Since the CSP consumption reduced several components of metabolic syndrome and decreased atherosclerotic and increased cardioprotective indices, the CSP may have cardiovascular protective effect in type 2 diabetic patients.
Evolution of the H β + [O iii] and [O ii] luminosity functions and the [O ii] star formation history of the Universe up to z ∼ 5 from HiZELS

We investigate the evolution of the Hβ + [O III] and [O II] luminosity functions from z ~ 0.8 to ~5 in four redshift slices per emission line using data from the High-z Emission Line Survey (HiZELS). This is the first time that the Hβ + [O III] and [O II] luminosity functions have been studied at these redshifts in a self-consistent analysis. This is also the largest sample of [O II] and Hβ + [O III] emitters (3475 and 3298 emitters, respectively) in this redshift range, with large comoving volumes ~1 × 10 6 Mpc -3 in two independent volumes (COSMOS and UDS), greatly reducing the effects of cosmic variance. The emitters were selected by a combination of photometric redshift and colour-colour selections, as well as spectroscopic follow-up, including recent spectroscopic observations using DEIMOS and MOSFIRE on the Keck Telescopes and FMOS on Subaru. We find a strong increase in L * and a decrease in ϕ * for both Hβ + [O III] and [O II] emitters. We derive the [O II] star formation history of the Universe since z ~ 5 and find that the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) rises from z ~ 5 to ~3 and then drops towards z ~ 0. We also find that our star formation history is able to reproduce the evolution of the stellar mass density up to z ~ 5 based only on a single tracer of star formation. When comparing the Hβ + [O III] SFRDs to the [OII] and Hα SFRD measurements in the literature, we find that there is a remarkable agreement, suggesting that the Hβ + [O III] sample is dominated by star-forming galaxies at high-z rather than AGNs.
Photofragment Imaging of HNCO Decomposition at 210 nm: the Primary NH(a1)+CO(X1+) Channel

The photodissociation of isocyanic acid (HNCO) on the first excited singlet state following the excitation at 210 nm was investigated with an ion velocity slice imaging technique by probing the CO fragment. It was found from the (2+1) resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) spectrum that the CO fragments are rotationally hot with population up to Jmax=50. The velocity imagings of the CO fragments at JCO=30 and 35 indicate that formation of NH(a1Δ)+CO(X1Σ+, v=0) is the predominant dissociation channel at 210 nm. From analysis of the CO fragment translational energy distributions, the NH(a1Δ) fragment was observed to be rotationally cold, about half of the available energy was partitioned into the translational motion of fragments after dissociation, and the NH(a1Δ)+CO(X1Σ+) dissociation threshold was determined at 42738±30 cm−1. From analysis of the CO fragment angular distributions, the dissociation anisotropy parameter β was found to be negative, and increasing with the rotational quantum number of the NH fragment, i.e., from -0.75 at JNH=2-4 to -0.17 at JNH=11. Impulsive direct and vertical dissociation process of HNCO on the singlet state at 210 nm was confirmed experimentally. A classical impact dissociation model was employed to explain the dependence of the β value on the rotational excitation of the NH fragment.
Infrequent Pattern Mining from Weighted Transactional Data Set

Item set mining is one of the popular data mining techniques in which frequent and infrequent patterns can be mined. Currently the research focuses on infrequent pattern mining. The generating of infrequent item set is valid for the data coming from the distinct real life application background like Statistical disclosure risk evaluation from census data and Fraud detection. Infrequent Weighted Association Mining (IWAM) is one of the main areas in data mining for extracting the rare items in high dimensional datasets. This paper explains about the recent methods proposed for infrequent weighted item set mining. One method is IWI and MIWI to mine the minimal infrequent weighted item sets which uses FPtree. These methods work efficiently with real weighted data. Another method is based on clustering. This method also scales well and performance has been improved with time and space complexity. Keywods: Infrequent item set, Weighted Association Mining, Clustering, Rare items, and Data mining.
Surgeon characteristics associated with mortality and morbidity following carotid endarterectomy

Purpose: To identify surgeon characteristics associated with mortality or morbidity, following carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods: Data on all inpatient discharges from the 284 nonfederal Pennsylvania hospitals were obtained from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council for the period from 1994 to 1995. Physician data were obtained from the Physicians List of the American Medical Association, including name, gender, specialty, year of birth, board certified, and year of licensure. Cases were selected if any of six procedures codes were ICD-9-CM rubric 38.12, indicating CEA. Results: Among the 12,725 cases studied, in-hospital mortality was 0.7%, nonfatal morbidity was 3.0%, and the total bad outcome rate was 3.7%. Surgeons who performed 1 to 2 CEAs over 2 years had the highest mortality (2.0%) and total bad outcome (9.2%) rates. For surgeons performing three or more cases in 2 years, increased volume was not associated with better outcomes. A greater number of years since the surgeon was licensed was associated with greater mortality (p = 0.001), but not with morbidity or bad outcome rates. In regression analyses that adjusted for patient risk, both years since licensure and specialty predicted surgical mortality rate, but only volume predicted surgical bad outcome rate. Conclusions: More years since licensure and very low patient volume are associated with worse patient outcomes following CEA.