Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey

Road freight accounts for the 89% of the inland freight transportation in Turkey. This study examined the factors affecting capacity utilization in Turkey with a specific focus on load factors and empty running. These two decisions, the load factor and the choice of running empty, are modelled jointly in a Heckman model. The model results showed that rigid and articulated trucks represent relatively different transport markets. Their age and the distance profile of the shipments affect the load factor and the probability of running empty. These effects are further examined for different commodity types and by testing different econometric specifications.
Anxiolytic effects of swimming exercise and ethanol in two behavioral models: beneficial effects and increased sensitivity in mice

Several behavioral mechanisms have been suggested to explain the effects of ethanol or physical exercise on anxiety. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of chronic and acute administration of ethanol on swimming exercise in mice, sequentially submitted to the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. In the first experiment, sedentary or physical exercise groups received chronic treatment with ethanol (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 2 or 4 g ethanol/kg/day by oral gavage) for 14 days before the tests. In the second experiment, groups received a single dose of ethanol (ip: 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 or 1.2 g/kg), ten minutes before the start of behavioral tests. The present study found an anxiolytic-like effect after chronic ethanol treatment or swimming exercise, evidence of beneficial effects. Moreover, we conclude that exercise can increase behavioral sensitivity to ethanol in acute treatment. The experiments described here show that the effects of ethanol on the behavior displayed in the elevated plus-maze and open-field are not only dose-dependent but also modified by swimming exercise. These results may provide valuable insights into possible molecular mechanisms governing these adaptations. Keywords: Behavior. Elevated plus-maze. Ethanol. Open-field. Swimming exercise. RESUMO Varios mecanismos comportamentais foram propostos para explicar os efeitos do etanol ou do exercicio sobre a ansiedade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da administracao cronica e aguda de etanol sobre o exercicio de natacao em camundongos, sequencialmente submetidos aos testes do labirinto em cruz elevado e campo aberto. No primeiro experimento, os grupos de sedentarios e exercicio fisico receberam tratamento cronico com etanol (0,1; 0,2; 0,4; 2 e 4 g de etanol/kg/dia atraves de gavagem oral) durante 14 dias antes dos testes. No segundo experimento, os grupos receberam uma unica dose de etanol, i.p. (0,6; 0,8; 1,0 ou 1,2 g de etanol/kg), dez minutos antes do inicio dos testes comportamentais. O presente estudo encontrou efeitos ansioliticos apos tratamento cronico com etanol ou exercicio de natacao, provas dos efeitos beneficos. Alem disto, concluimos que o exercicio pode aumentar a sensibilidade comportamental ao etanol no tratamento agudo. Os experimentos aqui descritos mostram que os efeitos do etanol sobre o comportamento exibido no labirinto em cruz elevado ou campo aberto nao sao apenas dose-dependente, mas tambem depende do exercicio de natacao. Este trabalho pode fornecer “insights” valiosos sobre os possiveis mecanismos moleculares que regem essas adaptacoes. Palavras-chave: Campo aberto. Comportamento. Etanol. exercicio de natacao. Labirinto em cruz elevado.
Positional Context Aggregation Network for Remote Sensing Scene Classification

To capture the long-range dependence of an input image for remote sensing scene (RSS) classification, in this letter, we propose a general positional context aggregation (PCA) module in deep convolutional neural networks. The PCA module is with the form of self-attention mechanism, in which two proposed blocks, the spatial context aggregation (SCA) and the relative position encoding (RPE), are used to capture the spatial-dipartite contextual aggregation information and the RPE information. Therefore, compared with the classical self-attention mechanism, global attention maps extracted by PCA not only have the advantage of regional distinction but also satisfy the translation equivariance that is proven to benefit scene classification. To demonstrate the superiority of the PCA module, we implement it on the pretrained ResNet [i.e., the so-called PCA network (PCANet)] and report the results on five popular RSS classification benchmarks. Experimental results show that the PCA module can improve the RSS classification performance significantly, and PCANet50 achieves the state-of-the-art results on these data sets.
Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice

Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice, Second Edition was developed as an essential resource for advance practice students in master's and doctoral programs. This text is appropriate for students needing an introductory understanding of philosophy and how a theory is constructed as well as students and nurses who understand theory at an advanced level. The Second Edition discusses the AACN DNP essentials which is critical for DNP students as well as PhD students who need a better understanding of the DNP-educated nurse's role. Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice, Second Edition covers a wide variety of theories in addition to nursing theories. Coverage of non-nursing related theory is beneficial to nurses because of the growing national emphasis on collaborative, interdisciplinary patient care. The text includes diagrams, tables, and discussion questions to help students understand and reinforce core content.
Asynchronous Distributed Optimization Over Lossy Networks via Relaxed ADMM: Stability and Linear Convergence

In this article, we focus on the problem of minimizing the sum of convex cost functions in a distributed fashion over a peer-to-peer network. In particular, we are interested in the case in which communications between nodes are prone to failures, and the agents are not synchronized among themselves. We address the problem proposing a modified version of the relaxed alternating direction method of multipliers, which corresponds to the Peaceman–Rachford splitting method applied to the dual. By exploiting results from operator theory, we are able to prove the almost sure convergence of the proposed algorithm under general assumptions on the distribution of communication loss and node activation events. By further assuming the cost functions to be strongly convex, we prove the linear convergence of the algorithm in mean to a neighborhood of the optimal solution and provide an upper bound to the convergence rate. Finally, we present numerical results testing the proposed method in different scenarios.
Intercomparison of four methods to estimate coral calcification under various environmental conditions

Abstract. Coral reefs are constructed by calcifiers that precipitate calcium carbonate to build their shells or skeletons through the process of calcification. Accurately assessing coral calcification rates is crucial to determine the health of these ecosystems and their response to major environmental changes such as ocean warming and acidification. Several approaches have been used to assess rates of coral calcification, but there is a real need to compare these approaches in order to ascertain that high-quality and intercomparable results can be produced. Here, we assessed four methods (total alkalinity anomaly, calcium anomaly, 45Ca incorporation, and 13C incorporation) to determine coral calcification of the reef-building coral Stylophora pistillata. Given the importance of environmental conditions for this process, the study was performed under two starting pH levels (ambient: 8.05 and low: 7.2) and two light (light and dark) conditions. Under all conditions, calcification rates estimated using the alkalinity and calcium anomaly techniques as well as 45Ca incorporation were highly correlated. Such a strong correlation between the alkalinity anomaly and 45Ca incorporation techniques has not been observed in previous studies and most probably results from improvements described in the present paper. The only method which provided calcification rates significantly different from the other three techniques was 13C incorporation. Calcification rates based on this method were consistently higher than those measured using the other techniques. Although reasons for these discrepancies remain unclear, the use of this technique for assessing calcification rates in corals is not recommended without further investigations.
Cylindric modal logic

Abstract Treating the existential quantification ∃νi as a diamond ♢i and the identity νi = νj as a constant δij, we study restricted versions of first order logic as if they were modal formalisms. This approach is closely related to algebraic logic, as the Kripke frames of our system have the type of the atom structures of cylindric algebras; the full cylindric set algebras are the complex algebras of the intended multidimensional frames called cubes. The main contribution of the paper is a characterization of these cube frames for the finite-dimensional case and, as a consequence of the special form of this characterization, a completeness theorem for this class. These results lead to finite, though unorthodox, derivation systems for several related formalisms, e.g. for the valid n-variable first order formulas, for type-free valid formulas and for the equational theory of representable cylindric algebras. The result for type-free valid formulas indicates a positive solution to Problem 4.16 of Henkin, Monk and Tarski [16].
Postural Control Processes During Static and Dynamic Activities in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show multiple postural control deficits, including reduced postural stability during standing and reduced amplitude and frequency of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) prior to planned movements. This study aims to identify mechanisms of postural control deficits in ASD during more challenging standing conditions including coordination of postural control processes used to support mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) adjustments. We also examined APAs made during the initiation of walking to characterize predictive motor processes supporting postural control in ASD. Seventeen individuals with ASD were matched with 20 typically developing (TD) controls on age, gender ratio, nonverbal IQ, and body mass index (BMI). Participants completed three tests of postural control. During the first test, they stood with their feet shoulder width apart (neutral stance). During the second test, they stood with feet close together (Romberg one) in order to assess postural control during a more challenging standing condition in which the base of support is reduced. During the third test, participants stood with feet shoulder width apart and swayed their torso in a circle (circular sway). The standard deviation (SD) of their center of pressure (COP) in the ML and AP directions and the COP trajectory length were examined for each condition. We also assessed mutual information (MI), or the shared dependencies between COP in the ML and AP directions. Finally, individuals completed a step initiation task in which they took a step forward from one force platform to another. The APA amplitude and duration prior to stepping were measured, as were the maximum lateral sway during stepping, step distance, step velocity, and step duration. Individuals with ASD showed increased COP trajectory length relative to TD controls but no differences in COP SD during the standing tests. Compared to controls, participants with ASD showed greater levels of MI during static stance but reduced levels of MI during circular sway. During the step initiation task, groups did not differ on the amplitude or
Charting a course for continuing professional education : reframing professional practice

Providers of continuing professional education (CPE) all too often tend to identify with and practice within their individual professions rather than within the general field of adult education. Yet there is a great deal that CPE providers can learn collaboratively from each other, regardless of the specific profession to which they belong. This volume provides a resource to help practitioners examine and improve professional practice--and set new directions for the field of CPE across multiple professions. The contributors provide a brief review of the development of the field of CPE, analyze significant issues and trends that are shaping and changing the field, and propose a vision of the future of CPE. They explore, for instance, the important links between pre-professional and continuing professional education, and offer guidelines to help practitioners to develop those connections. They explain various models of learning in the workplace that foster the development of professional expertise, and outline a groundbreaking new method by which practitioners can assess continuing professional education programs. In addition, they examine current issues in marketing, ethics, and other topics key to the future of CPE.This is the 86th issue of the quarterly journal New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education.
Effect of work ethics on job performance with adversity quotient as a mediator

This study examines the importance of work ethics for employees in the organization towards performance achievement by bringing up the role of adversity quotient mediator. The study aimed to investigate and explore the direct and indirect influence through mediators by using path analysis techniques with the help of AMOS version 24. The process of data collection was carried out using three research variable scales. The number of research respondents is 220 employees. The results of the analysis prove four hypotheses that have been shown to have direct influence, and the role of the mediator is perfect in mediating the two variables. The results of this study can be useful for organizations and practitioners of psychology in industry and organizations.
Ripple effect modelling of supplier disruption: integrated Markov chain and dynamic Bayesian network approach

The ripple effect can occur when a supplier base disruption cannot be localised and consequently propagates downstream the supply chain (SC), adversely affecting performance. While stress-testing of SC designs and assessment of their vulnerability to disruptions in a single-echelon-single-event setting is desirable and indeed critical for some firms, modelling the ripple effect impact in multi-echelon-correlated-events systems is becoming increasingly important. Notably, ripple effect assessment in multi-stage SCs is particularly challenged by the need to consider both vulnerability and recoverability capabilities at individual firms in the network. We construct a new model based on integration of Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC) and a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) to quantify the ripple effect. We use the DTMC to model the recovery and vulnerability of suppliers. The proposed DTMC model is then equalised with a DBN model in order to simulate the propagation behaviour of supplier disruption in the SC. Finally, we propose a metric that quantifies the ripple effect of supplier disruption on manufacturers in terms of total expected utility and service level. This ripple effect metric is applied to two case studies and analysed. The findings suggest that our model can be of value in uncovering latent high-risk paths in the SC, analysing the performance impact of both a disruption and its propagation, and prioritising contingency and recovery policies.
Evidence of anchoring to initial conceptual models during interpretation of a vertically exaggerated seismic section

The use of conceptual models is essential in the interpretation of reflection seismic data. It allows interpreters to make geological sense of seismic data which carries inherent uncertainty. However, conceptual models can create powerful anchors that prevent interpreters from reassessing and adapting their interpretations as part of the interpretation process, which can subsequently lead to flawed or erroneous outcomes. It is therefore critical to understand how conceptual models are generated and applied to reduce unwanted effects in interpretation results. Here we have tested how interpretation of vertically exaggerated seismic data influenced the creation and adoption of the conceptual models of 161 participants in a paper-based interpretation experiment. Participants were asked to interpret a series of faults and a horizon, off-set by those faults, in a seismic section. The seismic section was randomly presented to the participants with different horizontal-vertical exaggeration (1:4 or 1:2). Statistical analysis of the results indicates that early anchoring to specific conceptual models had the most impact on interpretation outcome; with the degree of vertical exaggeration having a subdued influence. Three different conceptual models were adopted by participants, constrained by initial observations of the seismic data. Interpreted fault dip angles show no evidence of other constraint (e.g. from the application of accepted fault dip models). Our results provide evidence of biases in interpretation of uncertain geological and geophysical data, including the use of heuristics to form initial conceptual models and anchoring to these models, confirming the need for increased understanding and mitigation of these biases to improve interpretation outcomes.
Segmentation of Severe Occupational Incidents in Agribusiness Industries Using Latent Class Clustering

One of the principle objectives in occupational safety analysis is to identify the key factors that affect the severity of an incident. To identify risk groups of occupational incidents and the factors associated with them, statistical analysis of workers’ compensation claims data is performed using latent class clustering, for the segmentation of 1031 severe occupational incidents in agribusiness industries in the Midwest region of the United States between 2008–2016. In this study, severe incidents are those with workers’ compensation costs equal to or greater than $100,000 (USD). Based on the latent class clustering results, three risk groups are identified with injury nature as the most statistically distinctive classifier. The highest cost injuries include strain, tear, fracture, contusion, amputation, laceration, burn, concussion, and crushing. The most prevalent and statistically significant injury type is permanent partial disability. The study introduces a novel application of latent class clustering in the segmentation of high severity occupational incidents. The analytical approach and results of this study will aid safety practitioners in identifying occupational risk groups and analyzing injury patterns, and inform safety intervention plans to avoid the occurrence of similar incidents in agribusiness industries.
Integrative therapists’ subjective experiences and understanding of emotional connection in their practice

There is abundant literature on the therapeutic relationship and its importance, on relationality, and on the depth of empathy. Despite this, the experience of emotional connection in therapy from psychotherapists’ perspective, which is central to the development of the therapeutic relationship, is relatively scarce. There is little in the literature on how the therapist-client bond develops and how it helps clients. This study aimed to explore how integrative psychotherapists experience emotional connection and how in their view it develops. The study used hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry, specifically Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four integrative psychotherapists on their experience of emotional connection in their work with clients. It was found that the most influential conditions and therapist qualities that influence emotional connection from the therapists’ experience were: ‘Embodied, emotional openness’; ‘Empathy’; and; ‘Striving towards a therapeutic relationship’. These themes and their professional implications are discussed.
Do adaptive cycles of floodplain vegetation response to inundation differ among vegetation communities?

Flooding is a key driver of floodplain vegetation productivity. Adaptive cycles provide a model for examining the productivity of floodplain vegetation communities in response to hydrology. Accordingly, floodplain inundation drives vegetation productivity responses through an adaptive cycle of wetting (exploitation phase), wet (conservation phase), drying (release phase), and dry (reorganization phase). We examined changes in the productivity of four floodplain vegetation communities (lignum, coolibah, grass, and poplar box) through the four phases of an adaptive cycle and explore the various strategies used by these vegetation communities to cope with variation in water availability. All four vegetation communities showed significant differences in productivity, as indicated by changes in the normalized difference vegetation index between the adaptive cycle phases. Differences were evident in the total area of vegetation that showed a productivity response, the quality or the vigour of the response, the trajectory of change overtime (i.e., towards higher or lower productivity), and the probability of change. Although the four vegetation communities exhibited response patterns in relation to flooding and drying that fit the adaptive cycle model, differences were evident in the timing of transitions between the four phases and the duration spent in those phases for each vegetation community. Poplar box and coolibah communities showed a higher productivity response during the drying or release phase. By comparison, the highest productivity response for the grassland and lignum shrubland was observed during the wetting or exploitation phase. Overall, the results showed that the four vegetation communities are sensitive to the degree of wetting at different phases in the adaptive cycle. Knowledge of floodplain vegetation response in each phase of an adaptive cycle will enable better management of floodplains, as management activities can be tailored to adaptive phase patterns associated with each community.
Canopy Height and Above-Ground Biomass Retrieval in Tropical Forests Using Multi-Pass X- and C-Band Pol-InSAR Data

Globally available high-resolution information about canopy height and AGB is important for carbon accounting. The present study showed that Pol-InSAR data from TS-X and RS-2 could be used together with field inventories and high-resolution data such as drone or LiDAR data to support the carbon accounting in the context of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) projects.