Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technological regimes, Schumpeterian patterns of innovation and firm level productivity growth

The paper investigates the relationships between technological regimes and firm-level productivity performance, and it explores how such a relationship differs in different Schumpeterian patterns of innovation. The analysis makes use of a rich dataset containing data on innovation and other economic characteristics of a large representative sample of Norwegian firms in manufacturing and service industries for the period 1998-2004. First, we decompose TFP growth into technical progress and efficiency changes by means of data envelopment analysis. We then estimate an empirical model that relates these two productivity components to the characteristics of technological regimes and a set of other firm-specific factors. The results indicate that: (1) TFP growth has mainly been achieved through technical progress, while technical efficiency has on average decreased; (2) the characteristics of technological regimes are important determinants of firm-level productivity growth, but their impacts on technical progress are different from the effects on efficiency change; (3) the estimated model works differently in the two Schumpeterian regimes. Technical progress has been more dynamic in Schumpeter Mark II industries, while efficiency change has been more important in Schumpeter Mark I markets.
The day-of-the-week effect in the Australian stock market: An empirical note on the market, industry and small cap impacts

This note examines the day-of-the-week effect in Australian daily stock returns at the market and industry levels and for small capitalization stocks from Monday 9 September 1996 to Friday 10 November 2006. A regression-based approach is employed. The results indicate that while the Australian market overall provides no evidence of daily seasonality, there is evidence of a small cap day-of-the-week effect with systematically higher returns on Thursdays and Fridays. The analysis of the sub-market returns is also partly supportive of day-of-the-week effects in the banking, diversified financial, energy, healthcare, insurance, materials and retail industries. However, these rarely coincide with the lower Monday or lower Tuesday returns typified in earlier work.
Principles of coherent scattering 3 . 1 Photonic crystals

The science of light and colour manipulation continues to generate interest across a range of disciplines, from mainstream biology, across multiple physics-based fields, to optical engineering. Furthermore, the study of light production and manipulation is of significant value to a variety of industrial processes and commercial products. Among the several key methods by which colour is produced in the biological world, this review sets out to describe, in some detail, the specifics of the method involving photonics in animal and plant systems; namely, the mechanism commonly referred to as structural colour generation. Not only has this theme been a very rapidly growing area of physics-based interest, but also it is increasingly clear that the biological world is filled with highly evolved structural designs by which light and colour strongly influence behaviours and ecological functions.
The mesoscale structure of a polar low: airborne lidar measurements and simulations

The mesoscale structure of a mature polar low was studied on the basis of high‐resolution airborne measurements and numerical modelling. A polar low was measured by light detection and ranging (lidar) and dropsonde observations over the Norwegian Sea on 3 and 4 March 2008. Lidar observations provided cross‐sections of water‐vapour mixing ratio, backscatter ratio and horizontal wind speed around the polar low and through its centre. Mesoscale structures, such as shallow convection in a cold‐air outbreak, a dry intrusion in the eye‐like centre of the cyclone and deep convection surrounding it could be identified. Numerical simulations were performed with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS) and a high‐resolution, polar version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. WRF simulations reproduced these structures and showed that the polar low had a warm, upper‐level core with descending motions. The eye‐like centre had a diameter of about 100–150 km and was characterized by rather stable stratification, horizontally constant potential temperatures and calm winds. Beyond the centre, wind speeds increased rapidly. The observed radial wind and temperature profiles support previous idealized simulations. Several WRF sensitivity tests showed the influence of the initialization time and sensible and latent heat fluxes from the surface on the simulated polar‐low development. The polar‐low simulations were more accurate in runs starting at the mature stage. Heat fluxes from the surface were important for the polar‐low energetics, especially at the final stages. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
A Novel Stochastic Learning Automata Based SON Interference Mitigation Framework for 5G HetNets

Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) are an important aspect of 5th generation mobile communication systems. They consists of high power macrocells along with low power cells i.e. picocells and femtocells to fill up macrocell coverage gaps. HetNet permit deployment of femtocells by users for added flexibility, but then interference issues between neighbouring cells have to be addressed as all femtocells use the same frequency channels for transmission. To mitigate this problem, LTE-A standard offers two new features, one is carrier aggregation in which Component Carriers (CC) form the basic aggregate units shared among cells and the other is enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Co-ordination (eICIC) through X2 interface. The physical implementation of these features is left open to research. This paper investigates two distinct techniques for orthogonal CC selection through Stochastic Cellular Learning Automata (SCLA) to improve the QoS performance of a femtocell. The first technique uses SCLA with user feedback, and the second technique uses SCLA with a central publishing server where all cells upload their past used CC vectors. SCLA methods are better suited for Self Organizing Network (SON) as they do not require synchronized cell coordination, have low complexity and have good optimization characteristics. The simulation results show that the techniques enhance the cell edge performance considerably.
Induction of direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from mature cotyledon explants of Arachis hypogaea L

A plant regeneration method via direct somatic embryogenesis was achieved in cotyledon explants derived from mature, dry seeds of Arachis hypogaea L. According to histological observations, somatic embryogenesis was induced directly without any intervening callus on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP along with 2.68 m M NAA after 4 weeks of culture. The incidence of somatic embryogenesis was greater at the distal end of the cotyledon than the remaining portion. The range of embryogenesis frequency was 10.7 to 80.2%, depending on the BAP concentration in combination with NAA. The best response was observed on MS medium containing 22.19 m M BAP along with 2.68 m M NAA. The embryos matured and germinated on fresh medium with or without growth regulators. A large percentage of somatic embryos developed into normal plants producing viable seeds. Some embryos produced flower buds on the germination medium.
Paleogene Origin of Planktivory in the Batoidea

ABSTRACT The planktivorous mobulid rays are a sister group to, and descended from, rhinopterid and myliobatid rays that possess a dentition showing adaptations consistent with a specialized durophagous diet. Within the Paleocene and Eocene, there are several taxa that display dentitions apparently transitional between these extreme trophic modalities, in particular the genus Burnhamia. The holotype of Burnhamia daviesi was studied through X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning. Digital renderings of this incomplete but articulated jaw and dentition revealed previously unrecognized characters regarding the jaw cartilages and teeth. In addition, the genus Sulcidens, gen. nov., is erected for articulated dentitions from the Paleocene previously assigned to Myliobatis. Phylogenetic analyses confirm Burnhamia as a sister taxon to the mobulids and the Mobulidae as a sister group to Rhinoptera. Shared dental characters between Burnhamia and Sulcidens likely represent independent origins of planktivory within the rhinopterid-myliobatid clade. The transition from highly specialized durophagous feeding morphologies to the morphology of planktivores is perplexing but was facilitated by a pelagic swimming mode in these rays and, we propose, through subsequent transition from either meiofauna-feeding or pelagic fish-feeding to pelagic planktivory.
Motivation and Learning in Mathematics Pre-service Teachers

Based on a review of literature of conceptual and procedural knowledge in relation to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the purpose of this study was to test the relationship between conceptual and procedural knowledge and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Thirty-eight education students with a mathematics focus (elementary or secondary) in their junior, senior, or fifth year completed a survey with a Likert scale measuring their preference to learning (conceptual or procedural) and their motivation type (intrinsic or extrinsic). Findings showed that secondary mathematics focused students were more likely to prefer learning mathematics conceptually than elementary mathematics focused students. However, secondary and elementary mathematics focused students showed an equal preference for learning mathematics procedurally and sequentially. Elementary and secondary students reported similar intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Extrinsically motivated students preferred procedural learning more than conceptual learning. While there was no statistically significant preference with intrinsically motivated students, there was a trend favoring preference of conceptual learning over procedural learning. These results tend to support the hypothesis that mathematics focused students who prefer conceptual learning are more intrinsically motivated, and mathematics focused students who prefer procedural learning are more extrinsically motivated.
Chromospheric Activity of HAT-P-11: An Unusually Active Planet-hosting K Star

Kepler photometry of the hot Neptune host star HAT-P-11 suggests that its spot latitude distribution is comparable to the Sun’s near solar maximum. We search for evidence of an activity cycle in the Ca ii H & K chromospheric emission S-index with archival Keck/HIRES spectra and observations from the echelle spectrograph on the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5 m Telescope at Apache Point Observatory. The chromospheric emission of HAT-P-11 is consistent with an year activity cycle, which plateaued near maximum during the Kepler mission. In the cycle that we observed, the star seemed to spend more time near active maximum than minimum. We compare the normalized chromospheric emission index of HAT-P-11 with other stars. HAT-P-11 has unusually strong chromospheric emission compared to planet-hosting stars of similar effective temperature and rotation period, perhaps due to tides raised by its planet.
Distribution and pathotype identification of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri recovered from south- western region of Saudi Arabia

We investigated the distribution of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) pathotypes in south-western region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 76 Xanthomonas like strains were isolated from different citrus species showing bacterial canker symptoms from citrus commercial farms, backyard orchards and nurseries. These strains were subjected to biochemical, molecular and pathogenicity tests on leaves of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Based on symptoms induced on leaves of grapefruit, these strains were divided into two groups. There were 21 strains that induced typical erumpent canker lesions with water-soaked margin, belonging to Xcc type A. On the other hand, strains that produced flat necrotic lesions with water-soaked margin on grapefruit leaves belonged to Xcc A* type (55 strains). The physiological and biochemical tests, ImmuneStrip ® assays and 16S rDNA analysis confirmed the identity of the two Xcc pathotypes: A and A*. Our results indicate that, the two pathogenic variants co-exist in south-western region of Saudi Arabia and this could further favour the generation of new genetic variants through recombination and horizontal genetic exchange. The generation of new aggressive pathotypes may threaten the citrus plantation in Saudi Arabia. Key words: Disease diagnosis, pathogenicity, citrus bacterial canker.
On two pencils of cubic curves

We give two examples of plane curve arrangements of pencil type which are very close to line arrangements, though the action of the monodromy operator on the first cohomology group of the Milnor Fiber has eigenvalues of order 5 and 6, showing that surprising situations can occur for larger classes of curve arrangements than for line arrangements. Our computations rely on the algorithm given by A. Dimca and G. Sticlaru which detects the non trivial monodromy eigenspaces of free curves.
Phylogeny and classification of Pholcidae (Araneae): an update

Abstract For over 100 years, Eugène Simon's system of pholcid classification has been used with only minor modifications. Phylogenetic research over the last decade has shown that some fundamental changes are necessary if the formal system is to reflect putative evolutionary relationships. Based on cladistic analyses of morphological and molecular data and on qualitative character assessment, the family is here divided into five subfamilies: Ninetinae, Arteminae, Modisiminae, Smeringopinae, and Pholcinae. All currently valid genera are placed in a cladogram. Even though the evidence supporting some of the nodes and assignments is weak, the cladogram generates numerous testable hypotheses and provides an improved framework for the mapping of ‘new’ characters like those from sperm ultrastructure and chromosome analysis.
Effects of agricultural abandonment on carabid beetles in paddy fields

We investigated changes in the species diversity and composition of carabid beetles associated with abandonment of cultivated rice paddies. In addition, we studied the environmental variables that affect carabid assemblages in these habitats. We collected 807 carabid beetles comprising 37 species from the studied habitats and found that the diversity and stability of these beetles increased over time depending on how long the field had been abandoned. Ordination analysis showed that the species assemblages of all habitats could be clearly separated from those of paddy fields, but that the assemblages during the early stages of abandonment showed no differences relative to those of cultivated paddy fields. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the most significant environmental variables influencing carabid assemblage were soil pH, organic matter, and the presence of tree cover. For the early stages following abandonment, soil nutrients were the strongest factors influencing the species composition. In contrast, the presence of tree, shrub, or herb cover was associated with an increase in the diversity of carabid beetles in late stages following abandonment. The results of this study suggest that restoration and management of abandoned paddy fields provides an excellent opportunity to improve the diversity and habitat quality of agricultural landscapes.
Combined Optimal Low‐Thrust and Stable‐Manifold Trajectories to the Earth‐Moon Halo Orbits

In this paper we incorporate the low‐thrust propulsion in the stable manifold technique to design transfer trajectories to the halo orbits around L1 and L2 of the Earth‐Moon system. The problem is stated in an optimal control scheme and solved using direct transcription and collocation; the dynamics is discretized over an uniform time grid using a sixth‐order linear multi‐point method. The resulting transfers are made up by a spiral arc that targets a piece of the stable manifold associated to the final orbit. Thanks to the generality of this approach, halo‐to‐Moon transfers are also computed combining unstable manifolds and low‐thrust. Furthermore, complete Earth‐to‐Moon transfers via halos can also be constructed. Results show the feasibility of this kind of transfers requiring moderate propellant mass fractions and feasible times of flight.
An analysis of family-school collaboration in preventing adolescent violence in urban secondary schools

The purpose of this article is to describe how school staff members, learners and parents collaborate to prevent adolescent learner violence in two different urban secondary schools. The increase in acts of interpersonal learner violence has a destructive effect on the safe and positive development of young people. Empirical evidence indicates that successfully addressing the issues that can contribute to the development of interpersonal violence requires taking into account the developmental stages of the learners as well as exploring the impact of the learner’s immediate social environment. A qualitative descriptive and exploratory case study, rooted in the sociological interpretive research paradigm, was conducted to explore how school staff members, learners and parents collaborate to prevent learner violence at two urban secondary schools. Contrary to current belief, the participating learners explicitly expressed their need for the support and guidance of their parents and also the school staff members in withstanding the peer and societal pressures that can result in their acting in aggressive or violent ways at school.
Line and HR Managers’ Perceptions of HR Importance, Effectiveness and Contribution

The present study aimed at assessing line and HR managers’ perceptions on importance, effectiveness of HR service delivery areas, HR roles and HR contribution. The data collected from 642 line managers and 194 HR managers working in different organizations in India, formed the basis for the study. The study found that HR professionals perceived higher importance, effectiveness and contributions of HR than line managers. However, both line and HR professionals recognized the importance of HR and its roles for the firm’s competitive advantage. It was observed that the effectiveness of HR in the most important areas and roles was higher, while in least important areas it was lower. This study further found that HR policies and procedures created by the HR department and their well-integrated coordination were the major contributions of HR. The study also made an attempt to find an association between HR importance, effectiveness, and contribution and nature of business, geographical orientation of the business and organizational size.
What Can Women Do? – Women’s Participation on Top Management and the Moderating Impact on Strategic Change and Firm Performance

Abstract Based on gender and strategic management research, this study introduces women’s participation in top management team as the main variable to examine its impact on strategic change and firm performance in China. The impact of female top managers in China has been drawing attention increasingly, as the institutional and organizational factors facilitate the positive outcome in one way, but constraint women’s access to top positions in another due to gender-role stereotype and traditional Chinese cultural expectations. The research question of this study is “Do women’s participation in top management positively affect firm strategic change and performance in China? ” Specifically, I first test the relationship between women’s participation in top management team and strategic change as well as performance growth, and then I test the moderator effect of female top managers. The scope of the study is to discuss the outcome of firm strategic change in China, as well as the moderating effect of women’s participation in top management in the context of China. Research on the impact of females in top management has been a controversial topic in past decades, but it is still worthwhile to contribute in this field by finding connections between gender diversity and firm outcomes.
Young and turbulent: the early life of massive galaxy progenitors

We present results from the ‘Ponos’ simulation suite on the early evolution of a massive, M_vir(z = 0) = 1.2 × 10^13 M_⊙ galaxy. At z ≳ 6, before feedback from a central supermassive black hole becomes dominant, the main galaxy has a stellar mass ∼2 × 10^9 M_⊙ and a star formation rate ∼20 M_⊙ yr^−1. The galaxy sits near the expected main sequence of star-forming galaxies at those redshifts, and resembles moderately star-forming systems observed at z > 5. The high specific star formation rate results in vigorous heating and stirring of the gas by supernovae feedback, and the galaxy develops a thick and turbulent disc, with gas velocity dispersion ∼40 km s^−1, rotation to dispersion ratio ∼2, and with a significant amount of gas at ∼10^5 K. The Toomre parameter always exceeds the critical value for gravito-turbulence, Q ∼ 1.5–2, mainly due to the contribution of warm/hot gas inside the disc. Without feedback, a nearly gravito-turbulent regime establishes with similar gas velocity dispersion and lower Q. We propose that the ‘hot and turbulent’ disc regime seen in our simulations, unlike the ‘cold and turbulent’ gravito-turbulent regime of massive clumpy disc galaxies at z ∼ 1–2, is a fundamental characterization of the main-sequence galaxies at z ≳ 6, as they can sustain star formation rates comparable to those of low-mass starbursts at z = 0. This results in no sustained coherent gas inflows through the disc, and in fluctuating and anisotropic mass transport, possibly postponing the assembly of the bulge and causing the initial feeding of the central black hole to be highly intermittent.
Impacts of a National Mass Media Campaign on Walking in Scotland

The promotion of walking as a form of exercise holds considerable potential, both in terms of health benefits and its wide appeal to inactive groups. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of a national mass media walking campaign in Scotland which involved a 40 s television advertisement and a telephone helpline. The target population consisted of people aged 30±55 who are not regular exercisers. The campaign impact was assessed in terms of awareness of the campaign and preand post-campaign changes in knowledge and beliefs about walking as a good form of exercise, in motivations and intentions regarding walking/exercise and in walking/exercise behaviour. The evaluation involved two population surveys and baseline and follow-up surveys of the helpline callers. Awareness levels for the television advertisement peaked at 70% of the adult population during the first 4-week burst of advertising, falling to 54% during the non-broadcast period. The evaluation findings show that, at a population level, the campaign had a notable positive impact on knowledge about walking as a form of exercise but no impact on walking behaviour. Among the helpline callers the campaign had a substantial impact at the level of intentions and behaviour: 48% of the callers followed up at 1 year claimed to be more physically active and there was an overall shift from the `contemplation' stage of change at baseline towards the `action' stage at the 10-week and 1year follow-ups. The proportion of adults aware of the telephone helpline rose from 5% at the start of the campaign to 16% 4 months later, but only 5% of these respondents used the service. This level of use represents 0.1% coverage at the start of the campaign rising to 1% 4 months later.