Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fertilizers, Rock Phosphate and Azospirillum on Growth and Yield of Finger Millet ( Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)

The field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 1994 and 1995 to study the efficacy of bio-fertilizer on finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) under lateritic acid soil (pH 5.8) of Sekhampur, Birbhum in West Bengal under rainfed condition. Raising the level of nitrogen from 0 to 80 kg/ha increased the growth, yield attributes, yield and NPK uptake by the crop. Higher of nitrogen 80 kg/ha produced significantly and economically higher yield under rainfed red leteritic soil. Seed inoculation of Azospirilium gave an additive effect over FYM, nitrogen and phosphorus application alone and the effect of Azospirilium was found to be equivalent to 20 kg N/ha through urea. The combined application of Azospirillum and nitrogen gave better effect that Azospirillumwith phosphorus. However, rock phosphate recorded at par effect on growth and yield with SSP. Highest dry matter (409.8 g/m2), LAI (1.15), ear heads/m2 (120.5), length of finger (7.2 cm), NPK uptake (126.2 kg/ha) and grain straw yield (1320.7 and 2771.3 kg/ha) were obtained by Azospirillum + Nso followed by N80 and Azospirillum + N60 which also gave at par effect. Sole application of Azospirillum recorded 51.12% higher grain yield than control (N0P0).
Sexual Harassment of Women in Hospitality Workplaces : Whose Responsibility is it Really ?

Purpose: This qualitative study examines employee responses to sexual behaviour in hospitality workplaces, to determine their roles and responsibilities in harassment prevention. Design: Female workers in restaurants and bars were recruited using the snowball technique, and data collected through 18 interviews. An interpretivist approach was used to guide the data collection and analysis. Findings: The study found that harassment coping strategies developed with age and experience rather than through training, and those who dressed and behaved provocatively attracted more unwanted sexual attention. Practical implications: Recommendations focus on the role of managers in moderating employee behaviour and providing training in assertiveness. Social implications: Industry norms and perceptions about managers’ expectations are considered strong influences on employee behaviour, and therefore, in attracting harassment. Originality: Although this study locates the responsibility for stopping harassment with management, it takes an unusual and potentially unpalatable approach by acknowledging the role of victims in stopping unwanted sexual advances, providing new approaches to reducing harassment.
Sober Second Thought: The Effects of Accountability, Anger, and Authoritarianism on Attributions of Responsibility

This experiment explored the joint impact of accountability, anger, and authoritarianism on attributions of responsibility. Participants were either accountable or anonymous while watching an anger-priming or a neutral-emotion-priming video clip. In an ostensibly separate study, participants also were either accountable or anonymous while determining responsibility and punishment in fictional tort cases. As predicted, priming anger both simplified cognitive processing(i.e., reduced the number of cues used in making judgments) and amplified the carryover of self-reported anger to punitive attributions and actual punishment. By contrast, accountability increased the complexity of the judgment process and attenuated the carryover of anger to attributions and punishment. These results generalized across four replication cases that varied in story content; degree of defendant intentionality; and target, type, and severity of harm.
IN SEARCH OF EXPLANATIONS FOR INTERLANGUAGE PHENOMENA1

In the history of any discipline, vigorous theoretical debates often result when investigators propose alternative explanations for a phenomenon. Alternative explanations are of much interest in data-based research because they require an examination of theoretical underpinnings and therefore often lead to significant advances in understanding the phenomenon which is at the center of the dispute. A growth in the number of potential explanations for a phenomenon and in the frequency with which new explanations are brought forth to challenge traditional ones can therefore be seen as a sign of health in a young theoretical discipline. For some time now, researchers and theoreticians have been laboring to find consistent, comprehensive explanations for interlanguage phenomena. Developmental explanations are opposed to explanations that involve Ll transfer, problem-solving or conscious learning. Explanations which take syntactic form or universal grammar as the starting point are opposed to explanations that take communicative function or conversational discourse as basic. While some have opened the door to a unified theory of language learning and language change (L.J. Dickerson 1975, W.B. Dickerson 1976), others have concluded that second language learning, especially in the adult case, must have a fundamentally different explanation from first language learning or language change (Bley-Vroman forthcoming). On a formal level, the endeavor to explain interlanguage phenomena amounts to a search for the simplest possible theory that accounts for the facts of second language learning. Unfortunately, there are no direct routes to this goal, and even the goal itself is unclear. For what counts as "simplest," "possible," "theory'' and even "fact" is highly debatable. Depending on the
Higher order perturbations of Anti-de Sitter space and time-periodic solutions of vacuum Einstein equations

Motivated by the problem of stability of Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime, we discuss nonlinear gravitational perturbations of maximally symmetric solutions of vacuum Einstein equations in general and the case of AdS in particular. We present the evidence that, similarly to the self-gravitating scalar field at spherical symmetry, the negative cosmological constant allows for the existence of globally regular, asymptotically AdS, time-periodic solutions of vacuum Einstein equations whose frequencies bifurcate from linear eigenfrequencies of AdS. Interestingly, our preliminary results indicate that the number of one parameter families of time-periodic solutions bifurcating from a given eigenfrequency equals the multiplicity of this eigenfrequency.
On the boundedness of discrete and continuous Volterra equations with control applications

Our work is motivated by the observation that many models used in control theory can be transformed into a Volterra integral equation in the continuous case, and into a Volterra difference equation in the discrete case. Another motivation was the notion of the BIBO stability which is used frequently in engineering control. This notion of stability requires that the system responds to bounded input with bounded output. In the cases when the mathematical model can be rewritten as a Volterra equation, to obtain the BIBO stability we need to check that the solutions of the Volterra equation are bounded. In our Thesis the main goal was to find sufficient conditions implying the boundedness of solutions of Volterra integral equations and Volterra difference equations. Our new results unify and extend many earlier results from the literature. Our investigations show that there are significant differences between the different type of nonlinearity of the model equation. Namely, the conditions for the boundedness depend on wether the nonlinearity is sub-linear, linear or super-linear. It is important to note that we investigated the role of the type of the nonlinearity and also the the size of the time delay. The sharpness of the results and in some cases the necessity of the conditions for boundedness was shown both theoretically and by using numerical simulations.
Leptospira spp. Prevalence in Small Mammal Populations in Cotonou, Benin

The aim of this study was to assess the Leptospira prevalence in small animals in Cotonou, the capital of Benin. Rodents and shrews were captured in urban and periurban settings and determined as species of the genera Rattus, Mastomys, and Crocidura. Kidney specimens of 90 animals were examined using a real-time PCR assay specific for leptospires that belong to pathogenic species. Leptospiral DNA was amplified from kidney tissues ranging from 13.3% (8/60) in Rattus rattus to 100.0% (1/1) in Crocidura spp. with an average of 18.9% (17/90) of the animals caught at 15 locations. Clade-specific Taqman PCR on 10 samples placed six of these within clade 1 comprising the species L. kirschneri, L. interrogans, L. meyeri, and L. noguchii and four within clade 2 consisting of species L. weilii, L. alexanderi, L. borgpetersenii, and L. santarosai. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of the amplicons of seven samples of these 10 samples revealed that four of the clade 1 samples could equally be assigned to L. interrogans and L. kirschneri and three samples from clade 2 belonged to L. borgpetersenii. Results presented in the paper indicate that small mammals present a major public health risk for acquiring leptospirosis in Cotonou, Benin and will contribute to a raised awareness amongst health care workers and decision makers and hence promote appropriate clinical management of cases.
Systematics of Plumbaginaceae based upon cladistic analysis of rbcL sequence data

The monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Plumbaginaceae (sensu Cronquist) were evaluated using parsimony analysis of nucleotide sequences of the plastid gene rbcL. Analysis of 42 taxa, including 18 species of Plumbaginaceae, placed this family as a strongly supported monophyletic group sis- ter to Polygonaceae and in the same clade as Simmondsiaceae, Nepenthaceae, Droseraceae and Caryophyl- lales. Within Plumbaginaceae, two well supported groups are present, corresponding to subfamilies Plumbaginoideae and Staticoideae. These groups have been regarded as independent families by some authors, and anatomical, morphological and biochemical differences are well defined. The taxonomic status of each group is discussed.
Determinants of myocarditis in young adults — a single centre 3-year experience

Introduction. Myocarditis is a challenging diagnosis due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations. This inflammatory myocardial disease should be diagnosed based on established clinical, laboratory and imaging criteria. Material and methods. We studied consecutive patients aged 18–40 years admitted to an emergency department (ED) with the diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) between January 01, 2011 and December 31, 2013. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were analysed. The patients were diagnosed with myocarditis based on the history of a respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infection, clinical symptoms of reduced exercise tolerance, chest pain, arrhythmias or new onset symptoms of heart failure, with abnormal electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic findings and elevated markers of myocardial necrosis. All subjects underwent coronary angiography to exclude or confirm an ACS.
Variable Selection for a Categorical Varying-Coefficient Model with Identifications for Determinants of Body Mass Index

In this paper, we propose a variable selection procedure based on the shrinkage estimation technique for a categorical varying-coefficient model. We apply the method to identify the relevant determinants for body mass index (BMI) from a large amount of potential factors proposed in the multidisciplinary literature, using data from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey in the United States. We quantify the varying impacts of the relevant determinants of BMI across demographic groups.
Dietary CLA supplementation and gender modify fatty acid composition of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat in Iberian × Duroc finishing heavy pigs

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) enrichment for finishing heavy fatty pigs on performance, carcass traits and fatty acid composition in subcutaneous and intramuscular fat (IMF), including CLA main isomers concentration. Forty castrated Iberian × Duroc pigs, half males and half females, with 120 (± 2.83) kg live weight were used. Pigs were fed experimental diets containing two levels (0 and 1%) of CLA. No effect of CLA was observed on backfat thickness or IMF concentration. In subcutaneous backfat, dietary CLA increased the C16:0, C18:0, c9,t11-CLA ,t 10,c12-CLA and saturated fatty acids (SFA) proportion and decreased those C18:1 n-9, C18:2 n-6, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) proportions and MUFA/SFA and C18:1 n-9/C18:0 and C16:1 n-7/C16:0 ratios. In the IMF, dietary CLA increased C16:0, SFA, c9,t11 and t10,c12 proportions and reduced C18:1 n-9 and MUFA, MUFA/SFA and C18:1 n-9/C18:0 ratios, but showed no effect on C18:2 n-6 and PUFA proportion. Subcutaneous backfat fatty acid profile was affected by gender, but no gender effect on intramuscular fatty acid profile was observed. CLA isomer accumulation was lower in heavy pigs compared to the lean genotype probably as a consequence of the higher carcass fat concentration in the former. Additional key words: carcass traits; conjugated linoleic acid; fatty acid profile; heavy pigs.
Efficient modeling and synthesis of bell-like sounds

This paper describes two different techniques that can be used to model and synthesize bell-like sounds. The first one is a sourcefilter model based on frequency-zooming ARMA (pole-zero) modeling techniques. The frequency-zooming approach is powerful also in modal analysis of bell sound behavior. The second technique is based on a digital waveguide with a single loop filter that is designed to generate inharmonic partials by including one or more second-order allpass sections in the loop filter, possibly augmented with one or a few parallel resonators. A small handbell with inharmonic partials was recorded and used as a target of modeling and synthesis. Sound examples are found in http://www.acoustics. hut.fi/demos/dafx02/.
Is unemployment a consequence of social interactions? Seeking for a common research framework for economists and other social scientists

This article aims to summarize the existing body of literature on social interactions and their effect on individual unemployment status. Two directions of the ongoing research are analyzed: the impact of social norms on unemployment and the importance of social networks in the job search process. Pointing out that the difficulties encountered in research are largely, but not entirely, the result of data constraints, this article assumes that the roots of the problems exhibited by current research might be found in the lack of common approaches among economists and other social scientists. In line with these ideas, there are two main strategies which could lead to a more accurate demonstration of the fact that group memberships plays an important role in the determination of individual economic outcomes. The first one concerns both the necessity of testing the viability of assumptions including more qualitative variables, as well as the need of supplementing the existing research with new inquiries regarding labor market outcomes of individuals. The second one, representing the core idea of the paper, requires that statistical, quantitative evidence should be combined in the future with qualitative studies and experiments.
BLACK HOLE MASS AND GROWTH RATE AT z ≃ 4.8: A SHORT EPISODE OF FAST GROWTH FOLLOWED BY SHORT DUTY CYCLE ACTIVITY

We present new H-band spectroscopy for a flux-limited sample of 40 z ≃ 4.8 active galactic nuclei, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The sample probably contains the most massive active black holes (BHs) at this redshift and spans a broad range in bolometric luminosity, 2.7 × 1046 erg s−1 < Lbol < 2.4 × 1047 erg s−1. The high-quality observations and the accurate fitting of the Mg ii λ2798 line enable us to study, systematically, the distribution of BH mass (MBH) and normalized accretion rate (L/LEdd) at z ≃ 4.8. We find that 108 M☉ ≲ MBH ≲ 6.6 × 109 M☉ with a median of ∼8.4 × 108 M☉. We also find that 0.2 ≲ L/LEdd ≲ 3.9 with a median of ∼0.6. Most of these sources had enough time to grow to their observed mass at z ≃ 4.8 from z = 20, assuming a range of seed BH masses, with ∼40% that are small enough to be stellar remnants. Compared to previously studied samples at z ≃ 2.4 and ≃3.3, the masses of the z ≃ 4.8 BHs are typically lower by ∼0.5 dex and their L/LEdd is higher by a similar factor. The new z ≃ 4.8 sample can be considered as the progenitor population of the most massive BHs at z ≃ 2.4 and ≃3.3. Such an evolutionary interpretation requires that the growth of the BHs from z ≃ 4.8 to z ≃ 3.3 and z ≃ 2.4 proceeds with short duty cycles, of about 10%–20%, depending on the particular growth scenario.
Women Farmers’ Contributions to Maize Production in Afijio Local Government of Oyo State

The study investigated the contributions of women farmers to maize production in Afijio Local Government area, Oyo state. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 128 women farmers as sample size for the study. Data collected through interview schedule were analysed using frequency counts, percentages and mean while Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Chi-square were used to test the relationships that exist between selected socioeconomic characteristics and contributions of women farmers to maize production. Results revealed the mean age of respondents was 45years, 83.5% of respondents were married and 41.4% of the respondents had no formal education. High percentage of the respondents (82.5%) engaged in farming for both commercial and subsistence purposes, and activities such as, planting, fertilizer application, harvesting, processing, storage and marketing were performed by women farmers whereas ridging, land clearing and weeding were considered laborious and were usually contracted to hired labour. The results of Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis showed that age (r = 0.950, P<0.05), farm size (r = 0.174, P<0.05), household size (r = 0.354, P<0.05) while the results of Chi-square analysis revealed that educational status (ᵡ 2 =36.864 P<0.05), marital status (ᵡ 2 =19.615, P<0.05) have significant association with contributions of women farmers to maize production in the study area. Hence, the study recommended that female education (through adult literacy) be intensified, young women be encouraged to be more involved in maize production, women should form themselves into group to learn techniques of trapping farm pests and in time of surplus, women maize farmers should form supply cooperatives to transport their produce to areas where it commands higher prices.
Experimental immunology Hsp-27, hsp-70 and hsp-90 expression and apoptosis in macrophages during ectromelia (mousepox) virus infection

Viruses remain one of the inducers of the stress response in the infected cells. Heat shock response induced by Moscow strain of ectromelia (mousepox) virus (ECTV-MOS) was studied in vitro in mouse monocyte cell line, RAW 264.7 and in vivo in BALB/c (H-2 d ) mice. In our studies we found that ECTV-MOS-infected RAW 264.7 cells up-regulated hsp-70 and hsp-90 expression during the phase of intensive virus replication in vitro. In spleen, lymph nodes (DLN) and liver of BALB/c mice inoculated with ECTV-MOS, virus replication was not accompanied by apoptosis of macrophages identified as CD11b + cells and high loads of CD11b + /ECTV-MOS + cells could be detected. Intensive virus replication in the spleen and lymph nodes was accompanied with elevated expression of hsp-27, hsp-70, and hsp-90. Particularly, CD11b + cells showed up-regulation of hsp-27 (spleen, lymph nodes) and hsp-70 (spleen) at the peak of virus replication and up-regulation of hsp-90 during later stages of infection (15 and 20 day post infection). We conclude that during ECTV-MOS infection in vivo, hsps expressed by CD11b + cells may play a dual role as anti-apoptotic factors fostering virus replication and as regulators of anti-viral response.
Strategic Orientation and Recessed Economy: Options for Consumer Goods Manufacturing Sub-Sector in Nigeria

Prolonged economic recession occasioned by the collapse of the world oil market from the early 1980 and the attendant sharp fall in foreign exchange earnings have adversely affected economic growth and development in Nigeria. This study was necessitated to identify the extent of relationship that exists between strategic orientation and recessed economy: options for consumer goods manufacturing sub-sector in Nigeria. Ex-Post Facto research design was employed for the study and simple regression analysis was adopted in analyzing the data. The findings of the study revealed that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant positive relationship with economic development. This explains that an increase in strategic orientation will lead to a resultant increase in economic development and vice versa. The study therefore recommended that government should key in by reversing the poor performance of consumer goods manufacturing sector in providing incentives for the firms to become more export oriented and improve the already established structural reforms in order to improve transparency and stability of both financial system, and fiscal activities to restore confidence in the economy during recession.
Volatility and Contagion Effect from US and GIIPS to the Largest European Economies

This research paper explores the nature of the mean and volatility spillovers from the US and aggregate GIIPS to the largest GDP countries for the EMU and non-EMU countries. I develop a three step univariate volatility spillover model followed by Christiansen (2007) and Ng (2000) to analyze the relevance of local (own country), regional (aggregate GIIPS) and global (US) shocks. Empirical evidence supports the existence of asymmetric spillover effects, which subsequently leads to a higher return volatility than a positive shock of equal magnitude. I find that that both regional and global shocks are relevant for the European equity markets volatility, but global factors tend to have a greater impact. Also, in the Subprime crisis sample, the EMU countries suffer from a strong GIIPS mean and volatility spillover effects. Finally, the Conditional Spillover shows the relevance of the time varying information variables included in the model as a mean and volatility drivers from US and GIIPS in the countries under consideration. These findings are extremely relevant for financial economists and international portfolio managers when defining their optimal portfolio asset allocation decisions. (Less)
Influence of Hydrological Situations on Benthic Organisms in a Small River in Saxony (Germany)

Abstract This research was focused on the relationship between river discharge and organism drift. It was carried out for three years in a small heavily modified river in Saxony (Germany). The amount and species composition of drifting invertebrates were observed, depending on discharge and flow velocity. A station was installed where the flow velocity was continually measured and drifting organisms were caught with nets. An inventory of the aquatic community (benthic invertebrates) was taken to determine the species living in the river at the research station. The highest drift density measured was 578 organisms per m3 at a flow velocity of 0.90 m s-1, the mainly drifting organisms were Chironomidae. Different organisms groups started drifting at different flow velocities. Heavy impacts, such as dredging the river and flood waves, affected the aquatic ecosystems and severely changed the aquatic community regarding the number and the diversity. Some of the aquatic invertebrates such as the Anthothecata completely disappeared after dredging. It was found that many different terrestrial organisms were part of the drift. The typical family of soil biota Collembola represented the largest share.