Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational Predictions of Heat Transfer and Film-Cooling for a Turbine Blade With Nonaxisymmetric Endwall Contouring

Three-dimensional contouring of the compressor and turbine endwalls in a gas turbine engine has been shown to be an effective method of reducing aerodynamic losses by mitigating the strength of the complex vortical structures generated at the endwall. Reductions in endwall heat transfer in the turbine have been also previously measured and reported in the literature. In this study, computational fluid dynamics simulations of a turbine blade with and without nonaxisymmetric endwall contouring were compared to experimental measurements of the exit flowfield, endwall heat transfer and endwall film-cooling. Secondary kinetic energy at the cascade exit was closely predicted with a simulation using the SST k-ω turbulence model. Endwall heat transfer was overpredicted in the passage for both the SST k-ω and realizable k-e turbulence models, but heat transfer augmentation for a non-axisymmetric contour relative to a flat endwall showed fair agreement to the experiment. Measured and predicted film-cooling results indicated that the nonaxisymmetric contouring limits the spread of film-cooling flow over the endwall depending upon the interaction of the film with the contour geometry.
Chapter 2 Validity of prediction models : when is a model clinically useful ?

Prediction models combine patient characteristics to predict medical outcomes. Unfortunately, such models do not always perform well for other patients than those from whose data the models were derived. Therefore, the validity of prediction models needs to be assessed in new patients. Predicted probabilities can be calculated with the model and compared with the actually observed outcomes. We may distinguish several aspects of validity: i) agreement between observed probabilities and predicted probabilities (calibration), ii) ability of the model to distinguish subjects with different outcomes (discrimination), iii) ability of the model to improve the decision making process (clinical usefulness). We discuss those aspects and illustrate some measures using models for testicular germ cell and prostate cancer. We conclude that good calibration and discriminative ability are not sufficient for a model to be clinically useful. Application of a prediction model is sensible, if the model is able to provide useful additional information for clinical decision making. Introduction Prediction models have been developed to predict the outcome of future patients in many clinical fields. These outcomes are often events during the patient’s disease process. Examples are the diagnosis of a residual mass as ‘benign’ or ‘tumour’, or the prediction of recurrence of disease up to a specified time point. Modelling techniques like regression analysis and neural networks relate the outcomes to patient characteristics, also labelled predictors. The resulting model may divide patients into subgroups (e.g., high/intermediate/low risk for relapse), or predict individual probabilities for the outcome (e.g. ‘the probability that a mass is benign is 80%’). Here, we focus on the predicted probabilities for individual patients. A model can be presented in several formats. Sometimes the formula for the linear predictor is presented. Such a formula contains the exact regression coefficients and the functions to transform the predictor variables. Often a more user-friendly format like a score chart or a nomogram is preferable. A score chart relates scores to values of the predictors. If the model was developed with regression analysis, the scores are directly derived from the regression coefficients, often by multiplying by 10 and rounding. The sum of the scores plus
Competition on a Divided and Ephemeral Resource: A Simulation Model

(2) Coexistence between two species can be extended by dividing the resource into more and smaller breeding sites. (3) Aggregation of the superior competitor also promotes coexistence, and can lead to an equilibrium between the two species if contagion is strong enough. (4) If the degree of aggregation is allowed to vary with density in a realistic way equilibrium is nearly always obtained. (5) These results may explain the high species diversity commonly observed on divided resources.
THE EFFECT OF PECULIAR VELOCITIES ON SUPERNOVA COSMOLOGY

We analyze the effect that peculiar velocities have on the cosmological inferences we make using luminosity distance indicators, such as Type Ia supernovae. In particular we study the corrections required to account for (1) our own motion, (2) correlations in galaxy motions, and (3) a possible local under- or overdensity. For all of these effects we present a case study showing the impact on the cosmology derived by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey (SDSS-II SN Survey). Correcting supernova (SN) redshifts for the cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole slightly overcorrects nearby SNe that share some of our local motion. We show that while neglecting the CMB dipole would cause a shift in the derived equation of state of Δw ∼ 0.04 (at fixed Ωm), the additional local-motion correction is currently negligible (Δw ≲ 0.01). We then demonstrate a covariance-matrix approach to statistically account for correlated peculiar velocities. This down-weights nearby SNe and effectively acts as a graduated version of the usual sharp low-redshift cut. Neglecting coherent velocities in the current sample causes a systematic shift of Δw ∼ 0.02. This will therefore have to be considered carefully when future surveys aim for percent-level accuracy and we recommend our statistical approach to down-weighting peculiar velocities as a more robust option than a sharp low-redshift cut.
ReturnStatement “ return statement code ” InfixExpression “ InfixExpression code ” “ code ” MethodInvocation “ code ” InfixExpression “ code

Bug fixing is a time-consuming and tedious task. To reduce the manual efforts in bug fixing, researchers have presented automated approaches to software repair. Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that the state-of-the-art techniques in automated repair tend to generate patches only for a small number of bugs even with quality issues (e.g., incorrect behavior and nonsensical changes). To improve automated program repair (APR) techniques, the community should deepen its knowledge on repair actions from real-world patches since most of the techniques rely on patches written by human developers. Previous investigations on real-world patches are limited to statement level that is not sufficiently fine-grained to build this knowledge. In this work, we contribute to building this knowledge via a systematic and fine-grained study of 16,450 bug fix commits from seven Java open-source projects. We find that there are opportunities for APR techniques to improve their effectiveness by looking at code elements that have not yet been investigated. We also discuss nine insights into tuning automated repair tools. For example, a small number of statement and expression types are recurrently impacted by real-world patches, and expression-level granularity could reduce search space of finding fix ingredients, where previous studies never explored. Keywords-Program patch; fix pattern; abstract syntax tree.
Effects of two polychaete worms, Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina, on aerobic and anaerobic decomposition in a sandy marine sediment

The effects of 2 polychaete species, Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina, on benthic metabolism and decomposition processes in organic-poor (0.06% POC), sandy sediment were experimentally investigated. Sedvnent O2 uptake and CO2 release were stimulated by 80 to 90% and 260 to 270% for N. diversicolor and A. marina, respect~vely, from basal rates of approximately 30 mm01 m-2 d-'. These enhancements in benthic f l u e s were due to both increased solute exchange due to macrofauna irngation and increases in total benthic metabolism. Although the latter was enhanced by 10 to 35 % and 115 to 123 % by N. diversicolor and A. marina, respectively, both species inhibited anaerobic decomposition as indicated by 66 and 42 % lower sulfate reduction rates. Benthic f l u e s and basal rates of benthic metabolism (without macrofauna) were 2 to 3 times higher in sediments enriched with organic matter compared to unamended sediments. Similarly, sulfate reduction rates were 3 times higher in enriched sedlments. Total benthic metabolism in enriched sediments was stimulated by N. diversicolor to a slrmlar extent (+27 to 34 %) as in unamended sediments, whereas A. marma stimulated total benthic metabolism to a slightly lesser extent (+43 to 55%) in enriched sediments than in unamended sediments. N. diversicolor had little effect on sulfate reduction (-4 %) in enriched sediments, while A. manna reduced sulfate reduction by 85 % in enriched sediments. Porewater profiles reflected the balance between stimulating effects on sediment decomposition processes and removal of porewater solutes by benthic macrofauna. Porewater and sediment profiles of reduced S compounds also showed the effects of these polychaetes on sedimentary S cycling, i . e, lower anaerobic decomposition and increased reoxidation of reduced compounds. Both species affected sediment element cycles, stimulating C cycling and favonng more oxidized species and processes in S cycling. Furthermore, both species affected the fate and distribution of the metabolites produced from decomposition by enhancing the exchange of solutes across the sediment-water interface and porewater flushing. In general, the biogeochemical impact of A. marina was greater than that of N. diversicolor
Wealth Shocks and Risk Aversion

Modern literature departs from time-separable constant relative risk aversion preferences to explain asset pricing facts. This deviation typically implies that wealth shocks generate transitory variations in agents’ relative risk aversion and, possibly, portfolio re-allocations over time. I empirically analyze this relationship using U.S. macroeconomic data and and evidence for time-variation in portfolio shares that is consistent with counter-cyclical risk aversion. These results suggest, therefore, that wealth-dependent, habit-formation or loss and disappointment aversion utility functions are a good description of preferences. Controlling for observed versus expected asset returns, I also show that: (i) wealth effects are significant (although temporary) and there is no evidence of inertia contrary to Brunnermeier and Nagel (2006); and (ii) the consumption-wealth ratio (Lettau and Ludvigson, 2001), the labor income risk (Julliard, 2004) and the labor income-consumption ratio (Santos and Veronesi, 2006) partially explain changes in the risky asset share.
Dental Erosion and Tea: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Tooth erosion is a growing oral health problem. Practitioners and other healthcare professionals should be aware of which drinks can cause erosion and what can safely be recommended to patients. Tea is a popular beverage greatly consumed around the world. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between tea and dental erosion through a systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was carried out by 5 dentists and a scientist. The research was conducted in July 2012 on Medline from PubMed interface using the boolean equation ("Tooth Erosion"[Mesh]) AND "Tea"[Mesh]. After selection of articles, data were extracted and analyzed. Results: 8 articles were selected including one cross-sectional epidemiological study and 7 laboratory studies. The non-erosive effect was observed with green tea and black tea in sugar-free infusion. The erosive effect was confirmed for the fruity tea, the herbal tea (ginger and vanilla), Ice tea and sugary tea. No study has been conducted on oolong tea so far.Conclusions: Dental erosion is related to the consumption of certain types of tea or when tea is sweetened. The dentist may authorize the use of unsweetened tea for its non-erosive effect.
Antiferromagnetic structure and electronic properties of BaCr2As2 and BaCrFeAs2

The chromium arsenides BaCr2As2 and BaCrFeAs2 with ThCr2Si2 type structure (space group I4/mmm; also adopted by '122' iron arsenide superconductors) have been suggested as mother compounds for possible new superconductors. DFT-based calculations of the electronic structure evidence metallic antiferromagnetic ground states for both compounds. By powder neutron diffraction we confirm for BaCr2As2 a robust ordering in the antiferromagnetic G-type structure at T_N = 580 K with mu_Cr = 1.9 mu_B at T = 2K. Anomalies in the lattice parameters point to magneto-structural coupling effects. In BaCrFeAs2 the Cr and Fe atoms randomly occupy the transition-metal site and G-type order is found below 265 K with mu_Cr/Fe = 1.1 mu_B. 57Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy demonstrates that only a small ordered moment is associated with the Fe atoms, in agreement with electronic structure calculations with mu_Fe ~ 0. The temperature dependence of the hyperfine field does not follow that of the total moments. Both compounds are metallic but show large enhancements of the linear specific heat coefficient gamma with respect to the band structure values. The metallic state and the electrical transport in BaCrFeAs2 is dominated by the atomic disorder of Cr and Fe and partial magnetic disorder of Fe. Our results indicate that Neel-type order is unfavorable for the Fe moments and thus it is destabilized with increasing iron content.
Foraging by murres (Uria spp.) at tidal fronts surrounding the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, USA

We investigated the foraging distribution of 2 species of murres (Uria lomvia and U. aalge) in relation to Acoustically Determined Biomass (ADB) and hydrographic structure surrounding the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska, USA. The distribution and abundance of both murre species were similar; therefore, we combined data for thick-billed and common murres in the analysis. We found that murre densities were higher in frontal regions than in non frontal regions. Maximum ADB was also found to be elevated in the frontal zone. Within frontal regions, high densities of murres were associated with regions containing relatively high levels of ADB. In contrast, we did not find significant correlations between murre density and ADB in the study area as a whole. We postulate that murres restrict their foraging to the frontal region because prey can be located more predictably within this zone than in other areas in the vicinity of the Pribilof Islands.
LATITUDINAL VARIATION IN BREEDING PARAMETERS OF THE COMMON KESTREL FALCO TINNUNCULUS

SUMMARY. —Latitudinal variation in breeding parameters of the common kestrel Falco tinnunculus. We analyzed geographic variation in laying date, clutch size, and number of fledglings in the common kestrel Falco tinnunculus in the Western Palearctic. We also examined whether breeding parameters of some island-dwelling kestrels differed in latitude, with special reference to Tenerife Island. General Linear Models were applied. The mean laying date (LD, mean 30 April) correlated positively with latitude, with a delay of 6 days for every 10 oN. The mean clutch size (CS, mean 4.95 ± 0.26) increased significantly with latitude and was affected by nest-type (nest-box vs natural nests). The mean number of fledglings showed no correlation. Tenerife populations nesting below 1,000 m.a.s.l. showed the earliest LD in the Western Palearctic while those nesting above 1,000 m.a.s.l. showed a similar nesting pattern to European populations, although the CS is lower. The latitudinal variation in LD and CS coincides with the classical postulates (delay and increase respectively, towards the North) but does not explain the variations presented here. In agreement with recent studies, nest-type (nest-box vs natural nests) and climatic factors such as temperature (winter, spring) and spring rainfall influence latitudinal variations. Data from Tenerife are consistent with the hypotheses of delayed breeding associated with altitude and reduced CS in island birds.
A preliminary evaluation of a hydro-cast trans-femoral socket, a proof of concept

This study reports on a research project that has utilised, for the first time, a Hydro-casting (HC) technique to create a prosthetic socket for a person with trans-femoral amputation. Outcome measurements of the HC socket were compared with a socket and prosthesis produced by conventional ischial containment (IC) technique. Comparisons were based on differences in a) stump-socket interface pressures during gait, b) whole body gait kinetics and kinematics c) femoral movement within the stump tissues relative to the socket during gait. These observations provided a snapshot of the biomechanical environment of the stump and socket interface and assess the feasibility of using these outcome measurements to highlight differences between the two socket designs. This study demonstrated that it is feasible to use the HC approach to produce a prosthesis that is acceptable to both user and clinician. Results showed similarities between interface pressures, kinetic and kinematic data for both socket designs. The use of ultrasound to detect femoral motion identified that the conventional design paradigm, claiming to stabilise the motion of the femur, may not actually achieve this goal. Additional research is required with larger population of people with a trans-femoral amputation to assess the long term impact of this novel approach.
Metagenomic Characterization of the Viral Community of the South Scotia Ridge

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in aquatic ecosystems and harbor an enormous genetic diversity. While their great influence on the marine ecosystems is widely acknowledged, current information about their diversity remains scarce. Aviral metagenomic analysis of two surfaces and one bottom water sample was conducted from sites on the South Scotia Ridge (SSR) near the Antarctic Peninsula, during the austral summer 2016. The taxonomic composition and diversity of the viral communities were investigated and a functional assessment of the sequences was determined. Phylotypic analysis showed that most viruses belonging to the order Caudovirales, in particular, the family Podoviridae (41.92-48.7%), which is similar to the viral communities from the Pacific Ocean. Functional analysis revealed a relatively high frequency of phage-associated and metabolism genes. Phylogenetic analyses of phage TerL and Capsid_NCLDV (nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses) marker genes indicated that many of the sequences associated with Caudovirales and NCLDV were novel and distinct from known complete phage genomes. High Phaeocystis globosa virus virophage (Pgvv) signatures were found in SSR area and complete and partial Pgvv-like were obtained which may have an influence on host-virus interactions in the area during summer. Our study expands the existing knowledge of viral communities and their diversities from the Antarctic region and provides basic data for further exploring polar microbiomes. Importance In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to analyze the viral community structure and biodiversity of SSR in the open sea near the Antarctic Peninsula. The results showed that the SSR viromes are novel, oceanic-related viromes and a high proportion of sequence reads was classified as unknown. Among known virus counterparts, members of the order Caudovirales were most abundant which is consistent with viromes from the Pacific Ocean. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on the viral marker genes (TerL and MCP) illustrate the high diversity among Caudovirales and NCLDV. Combining deep sequencing and a random subsampling assembly approach, a new Pgvv-like group was also found in this region, which may a signification factor regulating virus-host interactions.
Assessment of Overselective Visual Attention in Six-Year and Nine-Year Old Boys

Overselective attention is a perceptual problem that interferes with a child’s learning and development. Although overselective attention is frequently reported in students with developmental disabilities, it has typically not been observed in children of normal development. Stimulus compounds composed of letters and symbols and all letters were administered to see if overselective attention occurred for nondisabled children when more complex stimuli were presented. Two stimulus-control testing procedures, administered with computer touch-screen technology, assessed how the children attended to stimulus compounds when conditional discriminations requiring simultaneous attention to multiple cues were provided. In addition, four young boys and three older boys were given the same conditionaldiscrimination tests to assess overselective attention in different age groups. Overselective attention occurred in the young boys and persisted despite extended training, although following extended training, the young boys did eventually attend simultaneously to two stimulus elements. These findings indicate overselective attention is not only found in students with developmental disabilities but also occurs in children of normal development. The results of this study also suggest that restricted attention in young boys appears to be temporary since overselective attention was not observed in older boys. In contrast, restricted attention in children with developmental disabilities is often chronic and doesn’t diminish as the child advances in age. It may not be the presence of overselective attention but how long overselective attention persists that distinguishes children with attentional disturbances and developmental disabilities.
Caṕıtol 2 Parametrizations of elliptic curves by Shimura curves and by classical modular curves

This is an expository paper following Kenneth Ribet and Shuzo Takahashi, cf. [9]. Let N = DM , where D is a product of an even number of distinct primes and M is an integer prime to D. Let f be a newform in S2(Γ0(N), Q). By Jacquet-Langlands correspondence, f corresponds to a newform f ′ in S2(Φ0 (M)), where Φ0 (M) is the group of norm 1 elements in an Eichler order of the quaternion algebra over Q of discriminant D (see for example [5]). There are elliptic curves A and A′, associated to f and f ′ respectively, and they are covered by a modular and a Shimura curve respectively. The results in [9] compare the degrees δ and δ′ of the two coverings. It is a well-known fact that these degrees have to do with congruences of f in some
Clear-Cut Logging and Sediment Production in the Oregon Coast Range

The impact of road construction, two patterns of clear-cut logging, and controlled slash burning on the suspended sediment yield and concentration from three small watersheds in the Oregon Coast Range was studied for 11 years. Sediment production was doubled after road construction but before logging in one watershed and was tripled after burning and clear-cutting of another watershed. Felling and yarding did not produce statistically significant changes in sediment concentration. Variation in the relation between sediment concentration and water discharge on small undisturbed streams was large. Conclusions about the significance of all but very large changes in sediment concentration are limited because of annual variation for a given watershed, variation between watersheds, and variation with stage at a given point.