Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic plaque on the great toe of a 10‐year‐old boy

A 10-year-old boy presented with a 2-year history of a chronic erythematous plaque on the left hallux. The rash was characterized by persistent erythema with intermittent pustules and occasional pain and pruritus. Previous treatment included oral antibiotics, with no response. He denied involvement of other digits or rash elsewhere on the body. Past medical history was significant for a diagnosis of cutis laxa with aortic root dilation. Physical examination was notable for a large, well-demarcated, erythematous, edematous, crusted plaque on the left great toe extending from the interphalangeal joint distally and surrounded by multiple small pustules. The nail plate was thin and adherent to the nail bed. No other significant cutaneous findings were appreciated. Bacterial culture was positive for Streptococcus agalactiae and negative for fungal culture. He was treated with oral cephalexin, with resolution of the pustules but without improvement otherwise. He was subsequently treated with betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% ointment twice daily for 2 months, which resulted in significant regression of the plaque. His ensuing course has waxed and waned, characterized by improvement with topical steroids followed by flaring upon steroid withdrawal. The nail plate has thickened over time, with formation of a subungual lake of pus extending to the distal lateral nailfold and distal toe. Radiographic imaging has shown no evidence of distal phalangeal resorption and repeated cultures have been negative (Figures 1-3).
Rate of Relapse After Enucleation of Solid/Multicystic Ameloblastoma Followed by Piezoelectric or Conventional Peripheral Ostectomy

Abstract The use of piezo surgery is characterized by a good cutting ability associated with a higher soft tissues respect. Such skills have led to an increment of the use of such systematic in the clinical practice. The aim of this study was to figure out whether the use of piezo surgery may show clinical advantages when enucleation is followed by peripheral ostectomy for the treatment of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma. A retrospective case-control study was performed, including patients treated with piezo surgery or conventional drilling in a single center in Italy. Results of this investigation revealed a lower rate of relapse, at 5 years’ follow-up for patients treated with piezo surgery. Although characterized by low power of evidences, the results of this investigation encourage the development of further studies related to the use of piezo surgery for the treatment of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma.
Electrical spin injection and detection in high mobility 2DEG systems

In this review paper we present the current status of research related to the topic of electrical spin injection and detection in two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems, formed typically at the interface between two III–V semiconductor compounds. We discuss both theoretical aspects of spin injection in case of ballistic transport as well as give an overview of available reports on spin injection experiments performed on 2DEG structures. In the experimental part we focus particularly on our recent work on all-semiconductor structures with a 2DEG confined at an inverted GaAs/(Al,Ga)As interface and with a ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As employed as a source of spin-polarized electrons.
Purification and Distribution of Ghrelin: The Natural Endogenous Ligand for the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor

Growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) are small synthetic molecules that act through a specific G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) termed GHS-R, which is a distinct receptor from that of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH). This receptor was one of the orphan GPCR, i.e. a GPCR with no known natural ligand, until we purified its endogenous ligand from rat stomach and named it ‘ghrelin’. Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide, in which the serine 3 is modified by an n-octanoic acid and this modification is essential for ghrelin’s activity. The discovery of ghrelin indicates that the release of GH from the pituitary may be regulated not only by hypothalamic GHRH, but also by ghrelin from the stomach and hypothalamus.
Cross-Language Differences in Phonological Acquisition: Swedish and American /t/

Abstract Our understanding of phonological acquisition has benefited immensely from cross-linguistic investigations which allow researchers to separate biological and learned factors. To date, most cross-linguistic studies have focused either on differences in phonetic inventories or on differences in frequency of occurrence of particular phonetic and phonological properties in the adult language. This paper describes a third type of study: comparisons of segments that occur in two (or more) languages but differ in their phonetic properties. We present perceptual and acoustic analyses of adult and child productions of word-initial alveolar /t/ in American English and dental /t/ in Swedish. Results showed that listeners’ perception of place of articulation was strongly associated with language (alveolar: American English, dental: Swedish) for both adult and child tokens, and was effective in assigning individual speakers to language groups. Three acoustic measures, voice onset time, burst intensity and burst spectral diffuseness correlated with language for both child and adult tokens; the latter two measures correlated with perception as well. The findings suggest that American and Swedish children at 30 months of age have acquired some language-specific phonetic aspects of/t/ phonemes.
Effect of involved Aspergillus species on galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with invasive aspergillosis

Purpose. The detection of galactomannan (GM) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is an important surrogate marker for the early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of invasive aspergillosis (IA), regardless of the involved species of Aspergillus. Here, we utilized the Platelia Aspergillus GM enzyme immunoassay (Bio‐Rad) to evaluate the GM index in BAL fluid samples from patients with proven, probable or putative IA due to Aspergillusflavus versus Aspergillusfumigatus. Methodology. In a prospective study between 2009 and 2015, 116 BAL samples were collected from suspected IA patients referred to two university hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Key findings. According to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group and Blot criteria, 35 patients were classified as IA patients, of which 33 cases tested positive for GM above 0.5 and, among these patients, 22 had a GM index ≥1. Twenty‐eight were culture positive for A. flavus and seven for A. fumigatus. The GM index for A. flavus cases was between 0.5‐6.5 and those of A. fumigatus ranged from 1 to 6.5. The sensitivity and specificity of a GM index ≥0.5 in cases with A. flavus were 86 and 88% and for A. fumigatus patients were 100 and 73%, respectively. Conclusion. Overall, the mean GM index in patients with A. fumigatus (3.1) was significantly higher than those of A. flavus (1.6; P‐value=0.031) and the sensitivity of GM lower for A. flavus when compared to A. fumigatus. This finding has implications for diagnosis in hospitals and countries with a high proportion of A. flavus infections.
Functional Dyspepsia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Beyond Rome IV

Background: The correct diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is quite a challenge. The overlaps between syndromes can complicate the interpretation of clinical data. Summary: The incidence of functional digestive disorders and irritable bowel syndrome are still underestimated with the currently applied diagnostic tools, and the management of the seemingly elusive disease is not satisfactory. For this reason, the “Rome” criteria were created to provide a better understanding and classification of FGIDs. Key Messages: Rome diagnostic criteria and recommendations should be used in the design and performance of clinical studies in the field of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome.
Eight Weeks of High-Volume Resistance Training Improves Onset of Blood Lactate in Trained Individuals

Abstract Lantis, DJ, Farrell, JW, III, Cantrell, GS, and Larson, RD. Eight weeks of high volume resistance training improves onset of blood lactate in trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2176–2182, 2017—The purpose of this study was to determine if onset of blood lactate (OBLA) using the fixed at 4 mmol·L−1 method could be delayed by supplementing high-volume resistance training (HVRT) to existing endurance training programs. There were 20 male subjects who participated in the study; 11 experimental (EX) (22.8 ± 4.6 years) and 9 controls (CON) (23.2 ± 5.8 years). An incremental cycling test was performed to determine maximal oxygen uptake, OBLA, maximum power, and time to exhaustion. Additionally, strength of the leg press (LP), leg curl (LC), and leg extension (LE) was assessed in both groups. Participants continued their ongoing endurance training, whereas the EX group supplemented their training with HVRT twice weekly for 8 weeks, performing 4 sets of 15 repetitions of LP, LC, and LE. Change score (post–pre) analysis was measured, using t-tests to compare the differences between groups, to eliminate outside variables that may have affected testing performance. Significance was set at p ⩽ 0.05. No significant group differences in baseline measures were observed. A significant difference was observed for OBLA at 4 mmol·L−1 (EX: 18.17 ± 15.36 W and CON: −3.52 ± 20.13 W, p < 0.02). A significant difference was observed for LP (EX: 39.09 ± 25.87 kg and CON: 4.22 ± 34.65 kg, p < 0.02) and LC (EX: 22.84 ± 8.7 kg and CON: −1.47 ± 8.2 kg, p < 0.01). Supplementing HVRT in endurance-trained individuals delayed OBLA at 4 mmol·L−1 and improved leg strength. The HVRT used in the current study may be a useful training style for endurance-trained individuals.
Does Early Mathematics Intervention Change the Processes Underlying Children's Learning?

ABSTRACT Early educational intervention effects typically fade in the years following treatment, and few studies have investigated why achievement impacts diminish over time. The current study tested the effects of a preschool mathematics intervention on two aspects of children's mathematical development. We tested for separate effects of the intervention on “state” (occasion-specific) and “trait” (relatively stable) variability in mathematics achievement. Results indicated that, although the treatment had a large impact on state mathematics, the treatment had no effect on trait mathematics, or the aspect of mathematics achievement that influences stable individual differences in mathematics achievement over time. Results did suggest, however, that the intervention could affect the underlying processes in children's mathematical development by inducing more transfer of knowledge immediately following the intervention for students in the treated group.
Patient Choice of Nonsurgical Treatment Contributes to Disparities in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objectives There are well-established outcome disparities among different demographic groups with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to investigate the potential contribution of patient choice of nonsurgical treatment to these disparities by estimating the rate of this phenomenon, identifying its predictors, and estimating the effect on cancer-specific survival. Study Design Retrospective nationwide analysis. Settings Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database (2004-2014). Subjects and Methods Patients with HNSCC, who were recommended for primary surgery, were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with patient choice of nonsurgical treatment, and Kaplan Meier/Cox regression was used to analyze survival. Results Of 114,506 patients with HNSCC, 58,816 (51.4%) were recommended for primary surgery, and of those, 1550 (2.7%) chose nonsurgical treatment. Those who chose nonsurgical treatment were more likely to be older (67.1 ± 12.6 vs 63.6 ± 13.1, P < .01), were of Black (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-1.74) or Asian (OR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.46-2.20) ethnicity, were unmarried (OR married, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.44-0.58), had an advanced tumor, and had a hypopharyngeal or laryngeal primary. Choice of nonsurgical treatment imparted a 2.16-fold (95% CI, 2.02-2.30) increased risk of cancer-specific death. Conclusion Of the patients, 2.7% chose nonsurgical treatment despite a provider recommendation that impairs survival. Choice of nonsurgical treatment is associated with older age, having Black or Asian ethnicity, being unmarried, having an advanced stage tumor, and having a primary site in the hypopharynx or larynx. Knowledge of these disparities may help providers counsel patients and help patients make informed decisions.
Determinants of high blood pressure and barriers to diagnosis and treatment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Objectives: We assessed the prevalence and determinants of high blood pressure (BP), and barriers to diagnosis and treatment, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: We surveyed and screened 2174 community-dwelling adults aged at least 40 years in 2014 and conducted a follow-up after 1 year. Results: Median BP was 131/81 mmHg, and hypertension prevalence was 37%. Mean adjusted difference in SBP was 4.0 mmHg for overweight, 6.3 mmHg for obese class I, and 10.5 mmHg for obese class II/III compared with normal weight participants. Those who were physically inactive had 4.8 mmHg higher SBP compared with those with more than 24 h of moderate or vigorous activity per week. Drinkers of at least 10 g of alcohol per day had 4.5 mmHg higher SBP than did nondrinkers. Among hypertensive participants, 48% were previously diagnosed, 22% were treated, and 10% were controlled. Hypertensive participants without health insurance were 12% less likely to have been previously diagnosed than insured hypertensive participants. Of referred participants, 68% sought care, but only 27% were on treatment and 8% had controlled BP at follow-up. Reasons for not seeking care included lack of symptoms, cost of visit, and lack of time. Reasons for not being on treatment included lack of symptoms, not being prescribed treatment, and having finished one course of treatment. Conclusion: Major risk factors for hypertension in Dar es Salaam are overweight, obesity, inadequate physical activity, and limited access to quality medical care. Increased insurance coverage and community-based screening, along with quality medical care and patient education, may help control this burgeoning epidemic.
Posttraumatic stress symptoms among Polish World War II survivors: the role of social acknowledgement

ABSTRACT Background: There is growing evidence of the important role played by socio-interpersonal variables on the maintenance of PTSD. Many World War II survivors in Poland could, as a result of political circumstances during the aftermath of the war, have experienced a lack of social recognition of their war-related trauma. Objective: The main aim of the study was to examine the association between perceived social reactions and the level of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSD) and depression. Method: Participants (N = 120) were aged 71–97 years (M = 82.44; SD = 6.14). They completed a WWII trauma-related questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). The Social Acknowledgement Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to measure participants’ perception of others’ acknowledgement and disapproval of their war trauma. Results: The rate of probable PTSD, diagnosed according to DSM-IV, was 38.3%. PTSD symptoms and General Disapproval were significantly correlated for all three PTSD symptom groups (Pearson’s r ranged from .25 to .41). The structural equation modelling results also demonstrated the importance of General Disapproval with regard to the level of PTSD symptoms. It explained both the intensity of PTSD symptoms (13.4% of variance) and the level of depression (12.0% of variance). Conclusion: In addition to confirming the high rate of PTSD among WWII survivors in Poland, the results indicate the importance of social reactions to survivors’ traumatic experiences.
Serum protein concentration and portal pressure determine the ascitic fluid protein concentration in patients with chronic liver disease.

UNLABELLED The ascitic fluid and serum concentrations of albumin and globulin were measured simultaneously with transhepatic portal pressure determination in 56 patients with chronic liver disease to determine whether (1) portal pressure correlated with (S-Asc)A and (2) the majority of variation in ascitic fluid protein concentration between patients was related to fluid balance from serum to ascites. The mean ascitic fluid albumin concentration was 1.04 +/- 0.73 gm/dl; globulin concentration 1.31 +/- 0.80 gm/dl; and ascitic fluid total protein concentration 2.35 +/- 1.49 gm/dl. The mean serum albumin concentration was 2.58 +/- . 57 gm/dl; globulin concentration 3.91 +/- . 86 gm/dl; and total protein concentration 6.49 +/- 1.30 gm/dl. The (S-Asc)A was 1.54 +/- . 45 gm/dl. The mean PPIVC was 14.5 +/- 4.3 mm Hg. The (S-Asc)A correlated directly with PPIVC (r = 0.73; p less than 0.0001). The ascitic fluid protein correlated with three variables that did not correlate with each other: serum albumin (r = 0.67; p less than 0.0001), serum globulin (r = 0.44; p less than 0.001), and PPIVC (r = -0.48; p less than 0.0005). The sum of the squared correlation coefficients with these latter uncorrelated variables equaled 0.87 and partial correlation coefficient analyses demonstrated an increase in the correlation of the ascitic fluid protein with the serum albumin concentration when corrected for serum globulin and (S-Asc)A (r = 0.97; p less than 0.0001) or PPIVC (r = 0.90; p less than 0.0001). Thus most of the variation in ascitic fluid protein between patients in this study could be related to serum protein concentrations and PPIVC or (S-Asc)A. Furthermore, multivariate discriminant analysis of patients with an ascitic fluid protein less than or equal to 2.5 vs. greater than 2.5 gm/dl indicated that the majority of differences between the two groups could be attributed to differences in serum albumin and serum globulin in combination with the (S-Asc)A (canonical correlation = 0.808) or PPIVC (canonical correlation = 0.806). These factors could correctly identify the low or high ascitic fluid protein groups in 96% and 93% of patients, respectively. IN CONCLUSION (1) the (S-Asc)A is associated with the degree of portal pressure elevation and (2) the majority of variation in ascitic fluid protein concentration between patients with chronic liver disease is associated with differences in portal pressure and serum protein concentrations.
Prehospital Identification of Patients with a Final Hospital Diagnosis of Stroke

Abstract Introduction the early phase of stroke, minutes are critical. Since the majority of patients with stroke are transported by the Emergency Medical Service (EMS), the early handling and decision making by the EMS clinician is important. Problem The study aim was to evaluate the frequency of a documented suspicion of stroke by the EMS nurse, and to investigate differences in the clinical signs of stroke and clinical assessment in the prehospital setting among patients with regard to if there was a documented suspicion of stroke on EMS arrival or not, in patients with a final hospital diagnosis of stroke. Methods The study had a retrospective observational design. Data were collected from reports on patients who were transported by the EMS and had a final diagnosis of stroke at a single hospital in western Sweden (630 beds) in 2015. The data sources were hospital and prehospital medical journals. Results In total, 454 patients were included. Among them, the EMS clinician suspected stroke in 52%. The findings and documentation on patients with a suspected stroke differed from the remaining patients as follows: a) More frequently documented symptoms from the face, legs/arms, and speech; b) More frequently assessments of neurology, face, arms/legs, speech, and eyes; c) More frequently addressed the major complaint with regard to time and place of onset, duration, localization, and radiation; d) Less frequently documented symptoms of headache, vertigo, and nausea; and e) More frequently had an electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded and plasma glucose sampled. In addition to the 52% of patients who had a documented initial suspicion of stroke, seven percent of the patients had an initial suspicion of transitory ischemic attack (TIA) by the EMS clinician, and a neurologist was approached in another 10%. Conclusion Among 454 patients with a final diagnosis of stroke who were transported by the EMS, an initial suspicion of stroke was not documented in one-half of the cases. These patients differed from those in whom a suspicion of stroke was documented in terms of limited clinical signs of stroke, a less extensive clinical assessment, and fewer clinical investigations. AnderssonE, BohlinL, HerlitzJ, SundlerAJ, FeketeZ, Andersson HagiwaraM. Prehospital identification of patients with a final hospital diagnosis of stroke. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):63–70.
Circadian clock protein BMAL1 regulates cellular senescence in vivo

Deficiency of the circadian clock transcriptional factor BMAL1 results in the development of premature aging in mice. In agreement with the accelerated aging phenotype, we observed an increase in the number of senescent cells in different tissues (lungs, liver and spleen) of Bmal1-/- mice, which suggests the important role of BMAL1 in the control of senescence in vivo. However, no difference in the rate of proliferation and senescence between primary fibroblasts isolated from wild-type and Bmal1-/- mice has been detected, suggesting that BMAL1 does not play a significant role in replicative senescence in vitro. BMAL1 deficient fibroblasts had an increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide treatment, and reduced sensitivity to DNA damaging anticancer drugs etoposide and daunorubicin. Increased sensitivity of Bmal1-/- cells to oxidative stress was p53 independent and correlated with the disrupted regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in BMAL1 deficient cells: indeed, circadian oscillations of ROS level can be induced in wild-type but not in Bmal1-/- cells. We propose that BMAL1 is important for the regulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage responses, while deregulation of these processes upon BMAL1 deficiency leads to development of stress induced senescence in vivo.