Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of syndesmotic fixations in a pediatric center

Abstract Syndesmosis injuries need to be accurately diagnosed and managed to avoid chronic pain, early arthritis, and instability. To this end, the present study aimed to analyze the epidemiology of syndesmotic injuries in a pediatric ankle fracture cohort and identify patient and surgery-related characteristics. A retrospective review of all the ankle fractures during a 12-year period at a single pediatric referral center was conducted. Inclusion criteria were: a fractured ankle that underwent a surgical fixation, at least 1 radiograph available for review before fixation, available information regarding surgery, including operative report and fluoroscopic images, and younger than 18 years at the time of surgery. Demographic information, trauma, radiographs, surgical details, clinical examination, follow up, outcomes, and physeal status (skeletally immature, transitional, or mature) were recorded. Finally, patients were divided in 2 groups: with or without syndesmotic fixation. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney test for nonparametric data to compare continuous parameters, and χ2 test for categorical parameters. A total of 128 patients were included with a mean age of 14.1 years. There were 80 boys and 48 girls. There were 51 skeletally immature patients, 23 with transitional fractures, and 54 that were skeletally mature. The main finding of this study is that only 11 patients from the mature group underwent syndesmotic fixation. There were no cases of syndesmotic fixation in the skeletally immature and transitional groups. This is the first retrospective study to focus specifically on syndesmotic injuries in a pediatric population who underwent ankle fracture fixation. Only 11 skeletally mature patients underwent syndesmotic fixation out of 128 patients in this cohort. This result raises the question of whether there are accurate diagnostic tools to evaluate syndesmosis in children.
Full Scale Actions from First Year Ridge Interactions with Fixed Structures

The objective of this paper was to study full scale actions from first year ice ridges on fixed structures. The first part is a review of reported full scale global loads and associated failure modes from ice ridges compared to level ice, on three fixed structures. The instrumented structures are the Molikpaq, the piers of the Confederation Bridge and Nordströmgrund lighthouse. The highest ridge loads on Nordströmgrund lighthouse and the piers of the Confederation Bridge were associated with crushing and combined crushing/bending respectively. On Molikpaq crushing of first year ridges was not reported. In the second part of this paper data is analyzed. A limit force analysis was performed to estimate a critical ice ridge length of approximately 9km for crushing to occur on the Molikpaq compared to 20m on Nordströmgrund lighthouse. Accordingly some Nordströmgrund data were analyzed to compare global loads derived from load panels and tilt. A ratio between panel load and tilt was found for a quasi-static 5m deep ridge interaction with the instrumented side of the lighthouse. For the ridge a ratio of 8.2 kN/μradians was derived, compared to 12kN/μradians for level ice both ratios without uncertainties. The different ratio indicates that load panels underestimate ridge keel loads. The analysis also showed that it is not possible to obtain a unique ratio between global load and tilt for ridges, due to the stiff bottom foundation that makes the tilt sensitive to changes in point of action i.e. ridge keel depth. INTRODUCTION Actions from ice ridges is assumed to establish dimensioning loads on infrastructure and offshore installations in ice-infested areas, when icebergs are not present. In the past decades great effort has been put into predicting ice ridge loads. A study by Timco and Croasdale (2006) shows that ice ridge loads on a vertical structure predicted by twenty-one ice experts ranged with a factor of five. The study shows that research on ice ridge structure interactions is still needed. This paper begins with a review of full scale first year ice ridge loads on three instrumented fixed structures. The structures are the Molikpaq (CAN), the piers of the Confederation Bridge (CAN) and the Nordströmgrund Lighthouse (SWE). The purpose is to investigate ice ridge load levels and associated failure modes compared to level ice, measured on fixed structures. The second part of this paper is an analysis of some ridge interaction data. Global loads derived from load panels and tilt are compared, for this analysis data from Nordströmsgrund lighthouse are used. Finally a limit force analysis is performed to compare the minimum ice ridge length for crushing to occur on the three structures. POAC’15 Trondheim, Norway Proceedings of the 23 International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions June 14-18, 2015 Trondheim, Norway
Activity energy expenditure, screen time and dietary habits relative to gender among Saudi youth: interactions of gender with obesity status and selected lifestyle behaviours.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Lifestyle-related risks are linked to several non-communicable diseases, with enormous global mortality and economic cost. Women in Saudi Arabia are faced with high prevalence of obesity, inactivity and sedentary behaviours. This study examined the interaction effects of gender with obesity status and lifestyle behaviours among Saudi adolescents. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A total of 2888 adolescents (1500 females) aged 15-19 years were randomly selected from secondary schools in three major cities in Saudi Arabia, using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured and physical activity (PA), screen time, sleep duration and dietary habits were assessed using a validated questionnaire. ANCOVA and multivariate tests were used while controlling for age. RESULTS A number of lifestyle behaviours displayed significant gender effects, with some selected variables having multiple interaction effects. Total activity energy expenditure and sum of vigorous-intensity PA showed significant interaction effects between gender and obesity status, whereas sum of moderate activity energy expenditure, non-leisure-time PA and sleep duration exhibited significant interaction effects between gender and screen time. Vegetable intake showed significant three-way interaction effects between gender, waist/height ratio and screen time. CONCLUSIONS The presence of several lifestyle behavioural risks, including physical inactivity, sedentary behaviours and some dietary habits was confirmed. The high inactivity level and screen time represents a double burden on the health of young Saudi females. Future studies must address the psycho-social, cultural and environmental determinants associated with healthy lifestyle relative to gender and initiate novel interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour. and future nutrition science degrees and lead to improved employability skills of nutrition science graduates.
Cooptation and Coalition Mobilization

The question addressed by this research was, “When structural circumstances make revolutionary action likely, under what conditions will a cooptation strategy prevent subordinate revolts? ” Experimental procedures established a group status hierarchy consisting of a leader and two subordinates. Groups earned collective outcomes, and the leader usurped an inequitable portion of these outcomes. In this context, the first experiment shows that a cooptation strategy (i.e., offer of a promotion to one of two subordinates) inhibits subordinate revolts. Two additional experiments indicate that the cooptation strategy is most effective (a) if the offer (strategy) provides the target of cooptation a source of personal gain; (b) if the offer (strategy) is a result of the leader’s own volition, rather than situational constraints; and (c) if the leader conveys a strong commitment to follow through on the promotion offer. The results are interpreted with reference to subjective-expected-utility and reciprocity theories.
Socioeconomic Differences in Cigarette Smoking Among Sociodemographic Groups

We examined variations in cigarette smoking by socioeconomic status (education and poverty status) in relation to population sociodemographic characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, region and sex). We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of US adults by using combined data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2011–2014). Low socioeconomic status was generally associated with increased cigarette smoking prevalence by age, race/ethnicity, and region, irrespective of sex. The only exceptions were for Asian and Hispanic women, where low educational attainment was not associated with a high prevalence of cigarette smoking, and among Hispanic men and Asian women, where there was no association between poverty status and smoking. Efforts to reach smokers of low socioeconomic status by using proven tobacco control strategies could reduce disparities in cigarette smoking and smoking-related disease and death.
Numerical optimization of sound pressure responses for the dash panel based on automatically matched layer and genetic algorithm

The sound insulation performance of the dash panel has a direct influence on the level of sound absorption of the whole vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt proper optimization strategies to optimize the dash panel and interior sound pressure response. Firstly, damping loss factor was imported into the dash panel and the coupling model of interior acoustic cavity to compute the sound pressure response of the driver. Sound pressure response had multiple peak noises in the analyzed frequency band. With the increase of the analyzed frequency, Contours for the noise of interior acoustic cavity became increasingly dispersed. Secondly, reverberation chambers on both sides were coupled with the dash panel respectively to establish AML model. In this way, the computational transmission loss would be more consistent with the actual situation. AML method can directly obtain transmission loss without extracting the transmission sound power to compute transmission loss through relevant formulas. In reported papers, there are big differences between simulation and experiment in the low frequency because it is difficult to simulate the real boundary conditions. The computational results of this paper were more consistent with experimental results in the whole frequency band, which indicated that it was more effective to use AML method to compute the transmission loss of the dash panel. Then, a sound package was applied to the dash panel to conduct parametric analysis. Results showed that the thickness of the sound-absorption layer could effectively improve transmission loss over 250 Hz. When the thickness of the sound-absorption layer was 15 mm, transmission loss was relatively optimal. In addition, the thickness of the air layer had little influence on transmission loss. Finally, genetic algorithm was also used to optimize the parameters of sound package of the dash panel. Results showed that the optimized dash panel had a higher average transmission loss and total mass, and the average sound pressure response of the driver also decreased. Additionally, the transmission loss and sound pressure response of the driver optimized by genetic algorithm at each frequency point were improved in the analyzed frequency band to obtain a low-noise and lightweight dash panel.
Entamoeba chiangraiensis n. sp. (Amoebozoa: Entamoebidae) isolated from the gut of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) in northern Thailand

Abstract The genus Entamoeba comprises mostly gut parasites and commensals of invertebrate and vertebrate animals including humans. Herein, we report a new species of Entamoeba isolated from the gut of Asian swamp eels (Monopterus albus) in northern Thailand. Morphologically, the trophozoite is elongated and has a single prominent pseudopodium with no clear uroid. The trophozoite is actively motile, 30–50 µm in length and 9–13 µm in width. Observed cysts were uninucleate, ranging in size from 10 to 17.5 µm in diameter. Chromatin forms a fine, even lining along the inner nuclear membrane. Fine radial spokes join the karyosome to peripheral chromatin. Size, host and nucleus morphology set our organism apart from other members of the genus reported from fish. The SSU rRNA gene sequences of the new isolates are the first molecular data of an Entamoeba species from fish. Phylogenetic analysis places the new organism as sister to Entamoeba invadens. Based on the distinct morphology and SSU rRNA gene sequence we describe it as a new species, Entamoeba chiangraiensis.
Microbial survey of fish ponds and mineral composition of Clarias gariepinus in Ilorin metropolis

This work reports on the microbial composition of stagnant fish ponds and mineral & metal composition of Clarias gariepinus from the fish ponds in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The fishes apparently thrived well in the fish ponds. Microbiological analysis of the different fish ponds as well as the mineral composition of the fish samples were carried out. Results revealed bacterial counts ranging from 1.0-2.0 x 10 4 cfu/ml of the stagnant ponds water, 9.0 x 10 3 -1.2 x 10 4 cfu/ml of water from fish ponds whose water was changed daily and 3-10 x 10 3 cfu/ml of water from borehole. Total coliform count ranged from 6 x 10 3 -1.5 x 10 4 cfu/ml of the stagnant pond water, 6-18 cfu/100ml of water from ponds whose water was changed daily and 1-6 cfu/100ml of water from borehole. Pathogenic fungi ( Aspergillus niger ) was isolated from the stagnant pond water while none was isolated from fish ponds whose water was changed daily. Faecal coliforms were not isolated from any of the water samples. Analysis of the mineral composition of the fish samples showed that phosphorus and potassium were highest in fish from ponds that the water is changed daily. Metal concentration in the fish showed that Cd ,Pb, Co and Cr did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration for humans. Proper cooking before consumption of fish is therefore advocated to prevent transmission of the bacteria and fungi to the consumers. Keywords : Clarias gariepinus , microbial survey, mineral composition, Ilorin, Nigeria
Reference interval by the indirect approach of serum thyrotropin (TSH) in a Mediterranean adult population and the association with age and gender

Abstract Background The serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) represents a first-line test in diagnostic algorithms. The estimation of TSH reference intervals (RIs) is still a matter of debate due to the high prevalence of subclinical disease making difficult the definition of truly healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to estimate TSH RIs in healthy subjects and to evaluate the effect of age and gender on TSH concentration. Methods Forty-four thousand one hundred and fifty-six TSH data were collected between July 2012 and April 2018 at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo. Common and sex-specific RIs were estimated by Arzideh’s indirect method after exclusion of individuals younger than 15 years, subjects with repeated TSH tests and with abnormal free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) or anti-thyroid-peroxidase antibodies. The combined effect of age and gender on TSH values was evaluated. Results RIs estimated in the selected individuals (n = 22602) were, respectively, 0.18–3.54 mIU/L (general), 0.19–3.23 mIU/L (men) and 0.18–3.94 mIU/L (women). Women showed significantly higher median TSH than men (1.46 vs. 1.39 mIU/L; p < 0.0001). Both in men and in women, median TSH decreased along with age; however, although up to 60 years in both men and women showed similar values, afterwards women showed constantly higher TSH than men. Accordingly, statistical analysis showed a significant interaction between gender and age (p = 0.001), suggesting that the effect of age on TSH is different between genders. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the indirect method, with appropriate cleaning of data, could be useful to define TSH RIs.
Hydrogen inhalation protects hypoxic–ischemic brain damage by attenuating inflammation and apoptosis in neonatal rats

Hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is one of the leading causes of brain injury in infant with high risk of mortality and disability; therefore, it is important to explore more feasible and effective treatment strategies. Here, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of different hydrogen inhalation times for the treatment of HIBD. We induced hypoxia–ischemia in Sprague–Dawley rats (postnatal day 7, both sexes), followed by treatment with hydrogen inhalation for 30, 60, or 90 min. Morphological brain injury was assessed by Nissl and TUNEL staining. Acute inflammation was evaluated by examining the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and NF-κB p65, as well as Iba-1 immunofluorescence in the brain. Neural apoptosis was evaluated by examining the expression of P-JNK and p53 as well as NeuN immunofluorescence. Neurobehavioral function of rats was evaluated by Morris water maze test at 36 days after surgery. The results showed that hypoxia–ischemia injury induced the inflammatory response of microglia; however, these changes were inhibited by hydrogen inhalation. The inhibitory effects became more apparent as the treatment duration increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hypoxia–ischemia induced neuronal damage and increased the expression of the apoptotic factors, P-JNK, and p53, which were attenuated by hydrogen inhalation (P < 0.05). Hypoxia–ischemia caused long-term spatial memory deficits during brain maturation, which were ameliorated by hydrogen inhalation (P < 0.01). In conclusion, hypoxia–ischemia induced severe long-term damage to the brain, which could be alleviated by hydrogen inhalation in a time-dependent manner. Impact statement Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the main pathological progression of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Hydrogen (H2) is an antioxidant that can be used to treat HIBD; however, the mechanism by which hydrogen may be used as a promising treatment for neonates with HIBD is not very clear. This study demonstrated that inhaled H2 is neuroprotective against HIBD in SpragueDawley rats by inhibiting the brain’s inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis or damage and protecting against spatial memory decline. Further, this study showed that inhaled H2 has potential as a therapeutic approach for HIBD. This is relevant to clinical treatment protocols when hypoxia–ischemia is suspected in neonates.
Broadly resistant HIV-1 against CD4-binding site neutralizing antibodies

Recently identified broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) show great potential for clinical interventions against HIV-1 infection. However, resistant strains may impose substantial challenges. Here, we report on the identification and characterization of a panel of HIV-1 strains with broad and potent resistance against a large number of bnAbs, particularly those targeting the CD4-binding site (CD4bs). Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that several key epitope mutations facilitate resistance and are located in the inner domain, loop D, and β23/loop V5/β24 of HIV-1 gp120. The resistance is largely correlated with binding affinity of antibodies to the envelope trimers expressed on the cell surface. Our results therefore demonstrate the existence of broadly resistant HIV-1 strains against CD4bs neutralizing antibodies. Treatment strategies based on the CD4bs bnAbs must overcome such resistance to achieve optimal clinical outcomes.
Home gardens and Dioscorea species – A case study from the climatic zones of Sri Lanka

Home gardens are considered as vital units for enhancing food security particularly in developing nations of South Asia, such as Sri Lanka. Although the yam crop Dioscorea spp. constitute a popular but still minor component in Sri Lankan home gardens, they have the potential of producing large quantities of edible material with minimal inputs. However, their real value in South Asian home gardens is not yet reported. Hence, this study was carried out to get insights into home garden characteristics, gardener demography as well as current management practices within 300 Sri Lankanhome gardensystems that are located along a climatic gradient. By using interviews andfield observations, gardeners, who cultivated in particular Dioscorea species, were studied within 10 of the 25 administrative districts distributed in the wet, intermediate and dry climatic zone of Sri Lanka. Furthermore, current management practices of yams cultivationwere analyzed on local scale and comparedafterwards with managementrecommendationspublished in the year 2006 by the Department of Agriculture. Dioscorea species were found in a majority of home gardens, especially in wet and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka. D. alata was the most prominent species and was managed at a subsistence level and not as per recommendations developed by the Department of Agriculture. Our results revealed that Dioscorea alata is an essential component of Sri Lankan home gardens in rural areas and can yield substantial quantities of edible tubers with low input, especially during times of food scarcities, and has therefore the potential to enhance food security and rural development.
Associated-risk determinants for anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis treated with meglumine antimoniate: A cohort study in Iran

Background The control of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is facilitated by knowledge of factors associated with the treatment failures in endemic countries. The aim of this evaluation was to identify the potential risk determinants which might affect the significance of demographic and clinical characteristics for the patients with anthroponotic CL (ACL) and the outcome of meglumine antimoniate (MA) (Glucantime) treatment. Methodology/Principal findings This current was executed as a cohort spanning over a period of 5 years which centered in southeastern part of Iran. Altogether, 2,422 participants were evaluated and 1,391 eligible volunteer patients with ACL caused by Leishmania tropica were included. Overall, 1,116 (80.2%) patients received MA intraleisionally (IL), once a week for 12 weeks along with biweekly cryotherapy, while 275 (19.8%) patients received MA alone (20 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks) (intramuscular, IM). The treatment failure rate in ACL patients was 11% using IL combined with cryotherapy plus IM alone, whilst 9% and 18.5% by IL along with cryotherapy or IM alone, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model predicted 5 major associated-risk determinants including male (odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, confidence interval (CI) = 1.079–2.22, p = 0.018), lesion on face (OR = 1.574, CI = 1.075–2.303, p = 0.02), multiple lesions (OR = 1.446, CI = 1.008–2.075, p = 0.045), poor treatment adherence (OR = 2.041, CI = 1.204–3.46, p = 0.008) and disease duration > 4 months (OR = 2.739, CI = 1.906–3.936, p≤0.001). Conclusions/Significance The present study is the original and largest cohort of ACL patients who treated with MA. A comprehensive intervention and coordinated action by the health authorities and policy-makers are crucial to make sure that patients strictly follow medical instructions. Early detection and effective therapy < 4 months following the onset of the lesion is critical for successful treatment of the patients. Since a significant number of patients are still refractory to MA, reducing man-vector exposure and development of new effective alternative drugs are essential measures against ACL due to L. tropica.