Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Se représenter et mettre en oeuvre l’interdisciplinarité à l’école

Cet article presente des presupposes theoriques et epistemologiques pour la formation d'enseignants a l'interdisciplinarite. Il propose un ilot de rationalite relatif a l'interdisciplinarite a l'ecole, c'est-a-dire une maniere de se representer cette notion et les debats qui l'entourent. L'article debute par une analyse sociohistorique du developpement des savoirs disciplinaires et de la valorisation contemporaine de l'interdisciplinarite. Il propose ensuite une analyse epistemologique de ces concepts, en clarifiant des notions apparentees comme celles de multidisciplinarite, de pluridisciplinarite, de transdisciplinarite, de contact interdisciplinaire et de collaboration interdisciplinaire. Il propose enfin une methodologie de travail interdisciplinaire adaptable en contexte scolaire.
Temporal and spatial variation in methyl bromide flux from a salt marsh

Methyl bromide (CH3Br) is a trace gas involved in stratospheric ozone depletion with both anthropogenic and natural sources. Estimates of natural source strengths are highly uncertain. In this study, >320 highly temporally and spatially resolved measurements of CH3Br emissions from a salt marsh in Scotland (56°00′N, 2°35′W) were made during one year using eight static enclosures. Net emissions showed both strong seasonal and diurnal cycles. Day‐to‐day maxima in emissions were associated with sunny days. Emissions dropped to zero when vegetation was removed. Mean measured CH3Br emission was 350 ng m−2 h−1, but a few “hot spots” (measured maximum 4000 ng m−2 h−1) dominated integrated emissions. A crude scale‐up of the annual mean emission yields an estimate for global CH3Br emission of ∼1 (0.5–3) Gg y−1 (range uses annual mean from lowest and highest emitting enclosures), ∼10% the global salt marsh emission regularly quoted in the literature.
DIRECTION GÉNÉRALE DES ÉTUDES ET DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES FINANCIAL INTERGRATION AND EXTERNAL SUSTAINABILITY

A stable net external position requires that the trade balance responds negatively to changes in the net external position. If financial integration makes financing external imbalances less costly, we expect slower external adjustment in more integrated economies. The study estimates theoretically founded trade balance reaction functions for a panel of seventy countries from 1970-2008. The empirical analysis finds that adjustment in integrated economies is slower. Consistent with the presented theory, the trade balance of integrated economies is more persistent, responds less strongly to net foreign assets, and is more sensitive to fluctuations in net output. Under high integration, the response to the net external position is weak and close to the minimum required to ensure external sustainability.
Optimum imaging observation wavelength selection for astronomical telescopes with partial correction adaptive optics

In order to maximize the compensation potential of adaptive optics system for atmospheric turbulence, an appropriate observing wavelength should be selected on the basis of system capability and the working conditions to improve the optical resolution of astronomical telescopes. Based on the analysis of the wavefront residual error of the adaptive optics system, the optimum imaging observation wavelengths giving maximum imaging resolution of a partial correction adaptive optics system are derived for short-exposure and long exposure imaging respectively. The developed method is used to evaluate the optimum observing wavelength and the corresponding imaging resolution for the 61-element adaptive optical system at the 1.2 m telescope of the Yunnan Observatory.
Experimental validation of the recovery effect in batteries for wearable sensors and healthcare devices discovering the existence of hidden time constants

Wearable sensors and healthcare devices use small lightweight batteries to power their operations of monitoring and tracking. It becomes absolutely vital to effectively utilise all the available battery charge for device longevity between charges. The electrochemical recovery effect enables the extraction of more power from the battery when implementing idle times in between use cycles, and has been used to develop various power management techniques. However, there is no evidence concerning the actual increase in available power that can be attained using the recovery effect. Also, this property cannot be generalised on all the battery chemistries since it is an innate phenomenon, relying on the anode/cathode material. Indeed recent developments suggest that recovery effect does not exist at all. Experimental results to verify the presence and level of the recovery effect in commonly used battery chemistries in wearable sensors and healthcare devices are presented. The results have revealed that the recovery effect significantly does exist in certain batteries, and importantly the authors show that it is also comprised of two different time constants. This novel finding has important implications for the development of power management techniques that utilise the recovery effect with application in a large range of battery devices.
Holocene development of two boreal mires and the ecological effects of drainage and restoration

The investigation of drainage and restoration effects on peatland ecosystems has created the need to study their natural development. In order to restore drained peatlands successfully, we need to know what factors have regulated their development and at what stage of succession the peatlands were at the time of management. Two different mire types, which represent a typical fen and a bog in southern Finland were studied. The chemostratigraphy and past vegetation in relation to climate change were investigated. The influence of drainage on peatland ecosystems was studied using aerial photographs that covered the drainage period. Differences in vegetation structure and moisture conditions were investigated. The potential of the peatlands’ own seedbanks to regenerate the mire vegetation was studied. Restoration was performed by filling the ditches or damming them. The restoration effect was accelerated by clear-cutting trees in order to avoid strong evaporation. The success of restoration was investigated annually using water table level measurements and vegetation surveys. Both peatlands initiated by paludification soon after the glacial retreat, around 9000 C BP. Peat accumulated at different rates in the fen (average 0.28 mm yr) and in the bog (average 0.47 mm yr) reaching peat thicknesses of 230 cm and 430 cm, respectively. They accumulated carbon at the average rates of 11.1 g m yr for the fen and 13.2 g m yr for the bog. The main trend in peat chemistry of both mires was the change from higher to lower nutrient levels with an increased acidity towards the surface peat. The main changes in chemostratigraphy occurred between 4600 and 4200 C BP, simultaneously with the spread of Picea abies in the area. Drainage during the 20th century caused greater changes at the fen site than at the bog site. Two new drained mire site types appeared at the fen site with ground vegetation species common to a forest floor. Continuously high moisture contents and low nutrient levels at the bog site prevented the formation of an economically valuable forest stand on the site. Also, the restoration caused stronger changes to the fen than to the bog. This was obviously due to the removal of the forest cover. Restoration of both mires started successfully. The water table remained high and peatland vegetation spread on the areas in two to three years. However, it takes a much longer time period to restore a mire, and the restored state may not be the same as the pre-drainage one.
Prediction of Permanent Deformations in Pavements Using a High-Cycle Accumulation Model

The present paper discusses the application of a high-cycle accumulation (HCA) model originally developed for sand for the prediction of permanent deformations in an unbound granular material (UGM) used for base and subbase layers in pavements. Cyclic triaxial tests on precompacted samples of an UGM have been performed in order to validate and calibrate the model. The stress amplitude, the initial density, and the average stress were varied. The test results are compared to those of air-pluviated samples of sand (subgrade material). Some significant differences in the behavior of both materials under cyclic loading are outlined. It is demonstrated that the functions describing the intensity of accumulation can be maintained for an UGM with different material constants, but that the flow rule must be generalized in order to describe the anisotropy. Recalculations of the laboratory tests show a good prediction of the modified HCA model.
Unpredictable perturbation reduces breeding propensity regardless of pre‐laying reproductive readiness in a partial capital breeder

Theoretically, individuals of migratory species should optimize reproductive investment based on a combination of timing of and body condition at arrival on the breeding grounds. A minimum threshold body mass is required to initiate reproduction, and the timing of reaching this threshold is critical because of the trade-off between delaying breeding to gain in condition against the declining value of offspring with later reproductive timing. Long-lived species have the flexibility within their life history to skip reproduction in a given year if they are unable to achieve this theoretical mass threshold. Although the decision to breed or not is an important parameter influencing population dynamics, the mechanisms underlying this decision are poorly understood. Here, we mimicked an unpredictable environmental perturbation that induced a reduction in body mass of Arctic pre-breeding (before the laying period) female common eiders Somateria mollissima; a long-lived migratory seaduck, while controlling for individual variation in the pre-laying physiological reproductive readiness via vitellogenin (VTG) – a yolk-targeted lipoprotein. Our aim was to causally determine the interaction between body condition and pre-laying reproductive readiness (VTG) on breeding propensity by experimentally reducing body mass in treatment females. We first demonstrated that arrival body condition was a key driver of breeding propensity. Secondly, we found that treatment and VTG levels interacted to influence breeding propensity, indicating that our experimental manipulation, mimicking an unpredictable food shortage, reduced breeding propensity, regardless of the degree of pre-laying physiological reproductive readiness (i.e. timing of ovarian follicles recruitment). Our experiment demonstrates that momentary environmental perturbations during the pre-breeding period can strongly affect the decision to breed, a key parameter driving population dynamics.
Secondary School Students’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs Toward Chemistry Lessons

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary school students’ self-efficacy beliefs toward chemistry lessons and to determine how their self-efficacy beliefs change across grade levels and gender. The participants were 114 secondary school students (42 males and 72 females) enrolled at a medical vocational high school. High School Chemistry Self-Efficacy Scale for Cognitive Skills (CSCS), a unidimensional instrument, was used for assessing secondary school students’ self-efficacy beliefs toward chemistry lessons. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the effect of gender and grade level of the students on chemistry self-efficacy for cognitive skills. The results showed that secondary school students had a medium level self-efficacy toward chemistry lessons and there was not any significant difference between boys and girls in terms of their chemistry self-efficacy for cognitive skills. The results also showed that the 9th graders have higher self-efficacy beliefs toward chemistry lessons than 10th and 12th graders.
LCA and Risk Assessment of Recycled Phosphorous Fertilisers

An efficient phosphorus (P) recycling from urban areas is becoming an increasing issue due to the scarcity of natural P deposits. In order to assess the environmental performance of different approaches of P recycling, a LCA assessment and risk assessment studies were carried out. Generally, we found the supply of recycled P-fertilisers (RPFs) to be competitive as compared to conventional sources in terms of LCA results analysed in this contribution: per kg P and with exclusion of infrastructure processes, the highest abiotic depletion potential is shown for conventional mineral fertilisers based on phosphate rocks due to the finite mineral P resources. For fossil primary energy demand, the recycled fertilisers (struvites and an ash-based fertiliser analysed) had highest impacts per kg P. Relatively high acidification and eutrophication potentials from the supply of P-fertilisers are related to composts, triple-superphosphate and struvites. For the global warming potential per kg P, compost presents the worst results again. However, if co-products of organic fertilisers are considered (i.e. N- and K-contents and the humus sequestration potential), most organic fertilisers are in advantage for a number of indicators – with the exception of conventional composting. The low emission compost and the stabilised sewage sludge present moderate to good overall results. The best relative results for all indicators were found for biogas digestate. To assess the risk of soil contamination related to the long-term application of RPFs, accumulation scenarios in soil were calculated with a mass balance approach for the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and for the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in composts, digestates and other RPFs derived from sewage sludge For all calculations, a fertiliser application over 200 years equivalent to 11 kg P ha-1 yr-1 was assumed. Dependent on PTE mobility in soil due to pH and precipitation excess F, an accumulation or depletion compared to the soil background values was found. Highest accumulation was found in scenario pH 7 F 0,1 m yr-1, lowest in scenario pH 5 F 0,3 m yr-1. Fertilisers like composts, with low P content compared to PTE load, had a higher accumulation potential than fertilisers like struvite, meat and bone meal, sewage sludge ash, sewage sludge and digestates, rock phosphate and triple super-phosphate. Only Cd accumulation with TSP was higher than that with compost. For POPs no accumulation risk in soil was found.
The power of PowerPoint: A visual perspective on meaning making in strategy

Research Summary: Relying on ethnographic data from two consulting engagements, we find that strategists use three visual mechanisms (depiction, juxtaposition, and salience) to create PowerPoint slides. These visual mechanisms prompt meaning‐making through the conversations they stimulate, creating strategic visibility. As participants react to visuals, they enact revised interpretations of the strategy, reflecting strategic resonance. Based on the interactions among these three subprocesses (visual mechanisms, strategic visibility, and strategic resonance), we develop a process model for how visuals influence meaning making in strategy engagements. We contribute to existing strategy practice and process studies by explaining how visuals help broker divergent interpretations of a strategy and give rise to new understandings, especially when issues are politically sensitive or analytically complex. Managerial Summary: The purpose of this study is to understand how strategists use visual information (specifically in PowerPoint slides), and its effects on the strategy process. We find that strategy conversations are influenced by the techniques strategists use to create slides, which in turn shape the kinds of follow‐up actions taken. The implications are that: (a) PowerPoint slides can be designed to help tackle complex issues, for instance, when participants have divergent opinions or in politically sensitive situations, and (b) those who craft and edit PowerPoint slides strongly influence the direction of the strategy. The skillful use of PowerPoint is therefore crucial in allowing managers to shape the nature and speed of strategy engagements.
Human and social capital in rural areas

This thematic issue of Studies in Agricultural Economics is composed of papers that examine human and social capital in rural development. The idea behind this choice of topic is to get a picture of the kind of research currently being undertaken in this fi eld, how this research covers the important issue of rural development, in a world where there is “a shift toward a service orientated and knowledge-based economy based on individuals creativity in using accessible information to benefi t and create values for themselves and others” (Salenbacher, 2015, p46), where there are “changes brought by technology, connectivity” (ibid. p.44), and an added challenge: climate change. Luthans et al. (2004) also underline that “The rising recognition of human resources as a competitive advantage in today’s global economy, human capital and, more recently, social capital are being touted in both theory, research, and practice” (p.45). There are many different defi nitions of human and social capitals, concepts that are sometimes hard to measure but essential to success. Human capital is most often described by indicators such as age, gender, education and health, but there are other factors such as experience, different skills, knowledge and ideas which determine this capital. According to the World Economic Forum (2016), the top ten skills needed in 2020 will be: complex problem solving, critical thinking, creativity, people management, coordinating with others, emotional intelligence, judgement and decision making, service orientation, negotiation and cognitive fl exibility. Social capital is defi ned as three strongly connected elements: trust, keeping norms and social relations built on transparency.
Stocktype effect on field performance of Austrian pine seedlings

Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings are one of the most produced planting material in Serbian nurseries. In this study we compared a field performance of two container stocktypes, one usually used (2+0 produced in Plantagrah I) and one recently introduced (1+0 produced in Hiko V120 SS). The trial was established at planting site Vlasko polje (East Serbia), at altitude of 840 m a.s. l. , one year following the total destruction of previous pine plantation by ice. One-year-old Austrian pine seedlings produced in Hiko containers show similar initial height and root collar diameter at planting time as two-year-old seedlings produced in traditionally used Plantagrah I containers. There was no vegetation control at field trial during the first growing season. At the end of the first growing season, taller (15.6 cm) and more slender (H/D=4.5) 1+0 seedlings from Hiko containers survived at higher rate, and shorter (10.9 cm) and more stocky seedlings 2+0 produced in Plantagrah I grow in height at higher rate. Seedlings taller at the planting time kept their advantage in size after the first growing season at the field. We found that both stocktypes can be used in operational planting programs on sites with lack of vegetation control.
A strategy to promote nurses' health research contribution in South Africa

This is the second article in a series of three articles on a strategy to promote nurses’ health research contribution in South Africa. Opsomming Hierdie is die tweede artikel in ’n reeks van drie artikels oor ’n strategie om die gesondheidsnavorsingsbydrae van verpleegkundiges in Suid-Afrika te bevorder. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Using OD Leadership Intervention in Improving Transformational Leadership Culture to Enhance Employees Work Engagement and Organizational Affective Commitment

This study deals with the use of leadership intervention in improving transformational leadership culture to enhance the employees work engagement and organizational affective commitment at P.E. C, a private school in Myanmar. The independent variable is leadership culture which includes leadership style and organizational leadership culture; whereas, the dependent variables are employees work engagement and organizational affective commitment. Pre-ODI analyses reveal the overt practices of transactional leadership style by the majority of the employees, overwhelming transactional culture, severe blaming to each other, insubordination, and minimal coordination among people and departments, depending on setting a price on everything, and low employees work engagement and organizational affective commitment. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were integrated. The data was collected using a survey questionnaire, focus group interviews, and observations. The ODIs at P.E. C are mainly leadership cultural intervention including leadership training, and coaching, WBL workshop, value alignment activities, SOAR and appreciative inquiry activities. Post-ODI analysis reveals that all the ODIs has enhanced the leadership style and organizational leadership culture. As a result, the level of employees work engagement, and organizational affective commitment is greatly enhanced. School leaders now better understand the importance of leadership culture by having higher responsibilities, having higher confidence in self and others, focusing the developing their subordinates and inspiring their subordinates to perform their best. The staffs also realized the importance of vision, mission, core value and they emotionally committed it and came to develop a better appreciation of themselves and others, think positively and they also willing to try new things in applying innovative and creative teaching methods, project-based learning and parental involvement activities.
Epidemiological study of depression among population above 60 years in Visakhapatnam, India -

Background: As the World’s population is ageing, there is growing interest in various morbidity patterns among the elderly. Depression and depressive symptoms are common in elder people. Often depression is difficult to recognize. Aims & Objective: The study aims to assess the prevalence of Depression among study population and its relationship with socio demographic factors, co-morbid illness and functional impairment. Material and Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was done in selected rural & urban field practice areas of Department of SPM by means of simple random sampling. 17,415 populations were screened from 3383 households in both rural and urban areas to identify 1200 elderly aged 60 and above were administered with pretested questionnaire incorporating geriatric depression scale for assessing Depression. Results: The prevalence of Depression among study population was 31.7% (317/1000). The prevalence was high in rural areas (36%), as compared to urban areas (27%) and increasing with increasing age. It was significantly high among females (37.5%), singles (46%), staying alone (65%), low socio-economic group (34%), those with stressful life events (71%). The most common illnesses among the study population with depression were osteoarthritis (43.9%) cataract (25.2%), hypertension (17.6%), diabetes (7.6%) and heart diseases (3.9%). It was observed that functional impairment was high among those who have depression (6.5%). Conclusion: Depression is relatively high in rural area, females, illiterates, singles and sufferers of stressful life events or chronic diseases. There is a significant functional impairment with presence of Depression.