Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of biphasic immediate-release/extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate/acetaminophen tablets for acute postoperative pain

Abstract Background. A fixed-dose combination biphasic immediate-release (IR)/extended-release (ER) hydrocodone bitartrate (HB)/acetaminophen (APAP) tablet is being developed for the management of acute pain severe enough to require opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. Methods. This Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study evaluated the analgesic efficacy and safety of IR/ER HB/APAP (n = 201) versus placebo (n = 202) over a period of 48 hours in patients with acute moderate to severe pain following unilateral bunionectomy. Patients received three tablets of placebo or IR/ER HB/APAP as an initial dose (hour 0) followed by two tablets every 12 hours for a total daily dose of 37.5/1625 mg HB/APAP on day 1 and 30/1300 mg HB/APAP thereafter. The primary efficacy outcome was the summed pain intensity difference (SPID) over the first 48 hours (SPID48) after the first dose. Results. SPID48 was significantly greater with IR/ER HB/APAP versus placebo (p < 0.001). SPID dosing interval analyses demonstrated consistent, superior pain relief with IR/ER HB/APAP for each dosing interval (all p < 0.001). Mean PID was greater with IR/ER HB/APAP versus placebo beginning 30 minutes after the first dose (p < 0.05), and IR/ER HB/APAP demonstrated faster median time to the onset of perceptible, meaningful, and confirmed pain relief (all p < 0.001). Mean total pain relief scores also indicated greater pain relief with IR/ER HB/APAP versus placebo throughout the 48-hour period (p = 0.012) for all comparisons. A greater proportion of IR/ER HB/APAP versus placebo patients was either “very satisfied” or “satisfied” with their pain relief (69.3% vs 49.4%; p < 0.001). Nausea was the most common treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE; IR/ER HB/APAP, 25%; placebo, 7.9%). All TEAEs in IR/ER HB/APAP–treated patients were mild or moderate in severity. Conclusion. IR/ER HB/APAP provided rapid, significant, and consistent analgesic efficacy over a period of 48 hours in an established model of acute pain and was tolerated with a safety profile similar to other low-dose opioids.
Demyelination occurring during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides.

OBJECTIVE To review the occurrence of neurologic events suggestive of demyelination during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFalpha) therapy for inflammatory arthritides. METHODS The Adverse Events Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was queried following a report of a patient with refractory rheumatoid arthritis who developed confusion and difficulty with walking after receiving etanercept for 4 months. RESULTS Nineteen patients with similar neurologic events were identified from the FDA database, 17 following etanercept administration and 2 following infliximab administration for inflammatory arthritis. All neurologic events were temporally related to anti-TNFalpha therapy, with partial or complete resolution on discontinuation. One patient exhibited a positive rechallenge phenomenon. CONCLUSION Further surveillance and studies are required to better define risk factors for and frequency of adverse events and their relationship to anti-TNFalpha therapies. Until more long-term safety data are available, consideration should be given to avoiding anti-TNFalpha therapy in patients with preexisting multiple sclerosis and to discontinuing anti-TNFalpha therapy immediately when new neurologic signs and symptoms occur, pending an appropriate evaluation.
Electrical and neurotransmitter activity of mature neurons derived from mouse embryonic stem cells by Sox‐1 lineage selection and directed differentiation

Sx1TV2/16C is a mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line in which one copy of the Sox1 gene, an early neuroectodermal marker, has been targeted with a neomycin (G418) selection cassette. A combination of directed differentiation with retinoic acid and G418 selection results in an enriched neural stem cell population that can be further differentiated into neurons. After 6–7 days post‐plating (D6–7PP) most neurons readily fired tetrodotoxin (TTX)‐sensitive action potentials due to the expression of TTX‐sensitive Na+ and tetraethylammonium (TEA)‐sensitive K+ channels. Neurons reached their maximal cell capacitance after D6–7PP; however, ion channel expression continued until at least D21PP. The percentage of cells receiving spontaneous synaptic currents (s.s.c.) increased with days in culture until 100% of cells received a synaptic input by D20PP. Spontaneous synaptic currents were reduced in amplitude and frequency by TTX, or upon exposure to a Ca2+‐free, 2.5 mm Mg2+ saline. S.s. c. of rapid decay time constants were preferentially blocked by the nonNMDA glutamatergic receptor antagonists CNQX or NBQX. Ca2+ levels within ES cell‐derived neurons increased in response to glutamate receptor agonists l‐glutamate, AMPA, N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) and kainic acid and to acetylcholine, ATP and dopamine. ES cell‐derived neurons also generated cationic and Cl–‐selective currents in response to NMDA and glycine or GABA, respectively. It was concluded that ES‐derived neurons fire action potentials, receive excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input and respond to various neurotransmitters in a manner akin to primary central neurons.
Mobbing and Burnout in Emerging Knowledge Economies: An Exploratory Study in Poland

Many transition countries, known as emerging knowledge economies, can not to catch up with more advanced, matured economies. Low salaries, job insecurity, pressure to keep low cost create a work environment in many transitions economies where mobbing and burnout is common place. This paper examines the relationship between mobbing and professional burnout syndroms among knowledge workers in Poland. The study is based on a preliminary survey among 160 Polish respondents. The results of this study confirm that phenomena of mobbing and professional burnout are very common in emerging knowledge economies. Knowledge workers, female and employees of small firms are especially impacted by mobbing and burnout. Mobbing has an influence on job burnout of knowledge workers. Managers and politicians in emerging knowledge economies can benefit from our findings, by the use our conclusions, by changing regulations and companies polices.
Dynamic Incentive Effects of Heterogeneity in Multi-Stage Promotion Contests

This paper shows that the incentive effects of heterogeneity may be positive rather than negative in dynamic contests with multiple stages. In particular, the well-studied adverse effects of heterogeneity in static interactions are compensated by positive continuation-value and selection effects. Due to these positive dynamic incentive effects of heterogeneity that increase the incentives of relatively more able workers, heterogeneity is unlikely to be as detrimental as commonly perceived for incentives in organizations with multiple hierarchy levels. Heterogeneity of the workforce may even be optimal from the perspective of a firm that provides incentives using a multi-stage promotion contest.
Improvement in Both Raynaud Disease and Hyperhidrosis in Response to Botulinum Toxin Type a Treatment.

Background: A patient with concurrent Raynaud disease presented for Hyperhidrosis of the axillae and palms. After a positive response to botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) for axillary hyperhidrosis, she returned requesting palmar treatment. Objectives: Our goal was to investigate the effect of BoNTA on Raynaud disease in concurrent hyperhidrosis with respect to color change, swelling, and digital pain. Methods: The patient had treatment with 100 units of BoNTA to one hand at first, with the other being a negative control, followed by treatment of the second hand 1 week later. Results: After the injection into the first palm, the patient demonstrated an 85% reduction in palmar hyperhidrosis and a significant improvement in her Raynaud symptoms. Specifically, the BoNTA-treated hand had reduced swelling, color change, and pain, whereas the untreated control hand remained affected. After the second hand was treated, it, too, demonstrated the same positive results. Conclusions: Our case report of concurrent Raynaud disease and palmar hyperhidrosis shows significant improvement in both conditions to BoNTA administration. The physiology is multifactorial and relates to BoNTA's effect on acetylcholine, noradrenaline, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and glutamate release from nerve terminals. These results present an encouraging novel treatment option in dermatology for patients with Raynaud disease.
Aerial Insecticide Treatments for Management of Dectes Stem Borer, Dectes texanus, in Soybean

Abstract The Dectes stem borer, Dectes texanus LeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is an increasingly important pest of soybean and sunflower in central North America. Nine large-scale field trials were conducted over a 3-year period to determine if Dectes stem borer could be managed with insecticide treatments. Aerial applications of lambda on July 6, 12 and 15 were successful in significantly reducing adults, but applications on July 1, 20 and 24 were less successful. These data suggest that for central Kansas two aerial applications may be required to control Dectes stem borers in soybean. Based on our experience the first application should be made at the peak of adult flight about July 5th and the second application 10 days later. The local treatment schedule should be developed to follow the local Dectes stem borer adult emergence pattern. Treated aerial strips 59 m (195 ft) wide were not large enough to prevent reinfestation, but treated half-circles (24 ha or 60 acres) were successful in reducing in Dectes stem borer infestation of soybean. Sweep net samples of adults were not successful in identifying a treatment threshold, so treatment decisions will need to be based on field history of infestation. Further studies are needed to identify better sampling methods that can be used to establish treatment thresholds and to refine the best timing for treatments.
Mobbing in Schools and Hospitals in Uruguay

In the present study in secondary schools and hospitals in Uruguay (N = 187), we examined the relationship between feeling the victim of mobbing and a perceived loss of status. Nearly all forms of mobbing were more prevalent among hospital employees than among school employees. Among hospital employees, 40.4%, and among school employees, 23.9% reported being the victim of mobbing at least once a week. Being the victim of mobbing was, in both hospitals and schools, more prevalent among older employees, and in hospitals, among employees who were more highly educated and who had been employed for a longer time. Men and women did not differ in reporting that one was a victim of mobbing, but men reported more perceived loss of status than women. However, among women, being the victim of mobbing was much more strongly related to experiencing a loss of status than among men. Several explanations for this gender difference and the practical and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
The Geometric Bogomolov Conjecture for Curves of Small Genus

The Bogomolov conjecture is a finiteness statement about algebraic points of small height on a smooth complete curve defined over a global field. We verify an effective form of the Bogomolov conjecture for all curves of genus at most 4 over a function field of characteristic zero. We recover the known result for genus-2 curves and in many cases improve upon the known bound for genus-3 curves. For many curves of genus 4 with bad reduction, the conjecture was previously unproved.
Novel therapies and current clinical progress in hemophilia A

The evolution of hemophilia treatment and care is a fascinating one but has been fraught with many challenges at every turn. Over the last 50 years or so patients with hemophilia and providers have witnessed great advances in the treatment of this disease. With these advances, there has been a dramatic decrease in the mortality and morbidity associated with hemophilia. Even with the remarkable advancements in treatment, however, new and old challenges continue to plague the hemophilia community. The cost of factor replacement and the frequency of infusions, especially in patients with severe hemophilia on prophylaxis, remains a significant challenge for this population. Other challenges include obtaining reliable venous access, especially in younger patients, and the development of neutralizing alloantibodies (inhibitors). The development of extended half-life products, a bispecific antibody which mimics the coagulation function of factor VIII (FVIII) and inhibition of anticoagulation proteins such as antithrombin with antibodies, aptamers or RNA interference technology have offered novel therapeutic approaches to overcome some of these existing challenges. Additionally, ongoing gene therapy research offers a way to possibly cure hemophilia. These novel treatment tools in conjunction with the establishment of an increasing number of comprehensive hemophilia centers and worldwide advocacy efforts have continued to push the progress of hemophilia care to new frontiers. This review highlights and summarizes these novel therapeutic approaches and the current clinical progress of hemophilia A.
Stratum corneum evaluation methods: overview

The stratum corneum serves as a main barrier for the skin, minimizing water loss and regulating absorption of substances. Because of its surface location, it is readily available for analysis. Consequently, many techniques are amenable to investigating its content and function. Here, we review the methods employed to evaluate the stratum corneum and its function.
Two closely related endocytic proteins that share a common OCRL-binding motif with APPL1

Mutations of the inositol 5′ phosphatase oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) give rise to the congenital X-linked disorders oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe and Dent disease, two conditions giving rise to abnormal kidney proximal tubule reabsorption, and additional nervous system and ocular defects in the case of Lowe syndrome. Here, we identify two closely related endocytic proteins, Ses1 and Ses2, which interact with the ASH-RhoGAP–like (ASPM-SPD-2-Hydin homology and Rho-GTPase Activating Domain-like) domain of OCRL. The interaction is mediated by a short amino acid motif similar to that used by the rab-5 effector APPL1 (Adaptor Protein containing pleckstrin homology [PH] domain, PTB domain and Leucine zipper motif 1) APPL1 for OCRL binding. Ses binding is mutually exclusive with APPL1 binding, and is disrupted by the same missense mutations in the ASH-RhoGAP–like domain that also disrupt APPL1 binding. Like APPL1, Ses1 and -2 are localized on endosomes but reside on different endosomal subpopulations. These findings define a consensus motif (which we have called a phenylalanine and histidine [F&H] motif) for OCRL binding and are consistent with a scenario in which Lowe syndrome and Dent disease result from perturbations at multiple sites within the endocytic pathway.
Internal Consistency and Construct Validity of Two Versions of the Revised Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire

The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ; Marks, 1973) is the questionnaire most extensively used to measure imagery vividness, but two newer versions have been developed. In this study, the reliability and construct validity of these two measures were assessed: the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire–2 (VVIQ–2) and the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire–Revised Version (VVIQ–RV). A total of 206 undergraduate psychology students completed both questionnaires, and to assess construct validity, they also completed the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ), Betts' Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery (Betts' QMI), and the Measure of Ability to Form Spatial Mental Imagery (MASMI). Internal consistency reliability for both was high, with the VVIQ–RV having a Cronbach's alpha of . 96, and the VVIQ–2 an alpha of . 91. The construct validity of the VVIQ–RV and the VVIQ–2 was supported by the high correlations they had with the other three measures of imagery, which were all close to . 50, and the very small correlations (.06–.07) they had with the Verbal scale of the OSIVQ, indicating that they validly measured the imagery construct. Thus, the findings support the two versions as equally valid psychometric instruments for measuring image vividness.
Diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration from parotid gland lesions.

BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspiration is a widely accepted method in the preoperative evaluation of head and neck tumors. However, its effectiveness in the interpretation of salivary gland disorders is controversial. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of FNA as a preoperative diagnostic tool of parotid lesions. METHODS Reports of 52 FNA from various parotid gland lesions were compared with the final pathologic diagnoses. RESULTS We noted 31 true positive, 5 true negative and 16 false negative results. There were no false positive FNA reports. The calculated sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNA diagnosis in this study were 66%, 100%, and 69.2% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The high rate (30.8%) of false negative FNA results was partly explained by sampling errors, therefore specificity of the procedure could be improved by the precise selection of a representative aspiration site.
TRANSITIONS EXPERIENCED BY WOMEN WITH FIBROMYALGIA

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome the hallmarks of which are a chronic diffuse musculoskeletal pain, tender points, and fatigue. The majority of those who have FM are middle-aged women. The aim of this study was to illuminate the transitions experienced by women with FM. Twenty-five women with FM were interviewed about living with FM. The interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The analysis revealed five categories; transitions in patterns of daily life, family life, social life, and working life, and learning to live with the changes brought about by FM. The categories were subsumed into one theme: FM as the choreographer of activity and relationships. The transitions experienced were illuminated in a core story. The experience of transitions is apparently something that is invisible to almost everyone except the women themselves. Paradoxically, the women described transitions in life due to the illness, but they felt that other people saw them as healthy. It is like living in two worlds simultaneously, the world of the sick and the world of the healthy.
Frequent febrile episodes and recurrent febrile convulsions

ABSTRACT‐ The relationship between the number of febrile episodes and recurrent febrile convulsions was studied prospectively in 289 children after their first febrile seizure. They were randomized to either short‐term diazepam prophylaxis (n= 152) or to no prophylaxis (n= 137), and followed for 18 months. Among untreated children with many subsequent febrile episodes ( 4 per year) 29 of 37 (78%) had a recurrence vs. 17 of 100 (17%) with only few (< 4 per year) feverish illnesses. The former group had a 4:1 chance of developing further febrile fits, compared with a 1:4 chance in the latter (P < 0.0001). A similar pattern was observed in the prophylaxis group, but less recurrences were seen (30%vs. 6%, P < 0.0001). By Cox regression analysis, the subsequent occurrence of many febrile episodes could be identified among several items, including young age at onset, as the adverse factor most highly associated with further febrile fits (P < 0.0001).
Inclusion Programs at Elite Universities: The Case of Chile

Abstract Access and inclusion in higher education present different problems to highly selective universities, and to unselective, demand-absorbing colleges. Also, the public policy perspective of the government has its own goals and concerns. This paper examines these differences in the case of Chile. Elite institutions face a problem they interpret as a loss of diversity due to the increasing gentrification of their student body. In the other segment of universities, students ready to work at a college level without support are a minority, and institutions attempt to change the profile of their student body through remedial courses and other palliative measures.
Growth Effect of Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Economies: The Role of Institutional Quality

This paper investigates the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth conditional on the institutional quality of host countries. We first develop several theoretical arguments to show that institutional heterogeneity may be an explanation for the mixed results of previous empirical studies. Second, using a panel smooth regression model on a large sample of developing countries, we show that FDI has a positive effect on growth only beyond a certain threshold of institutional quality. To benefit from FDI-led growth, institutional reforms should thus precede FDI attraction policies. Additionally, some reforms seem to promote faster marginal effects of FDI, while institutional complementarities may lead to an incremental effect on growth.
Prediction and Control of NBTI -- Induced SRAM Vccmin Drift

The paper presents a comprehensive study of the impact of NBTI on SRAM Vccmin stability. The authors describe a novel simulation technique to predict the between - die statistical distribution of Vccmin drift due to NBTI. While the drift is a fundamental phenomenon, it was shown that by cell design and transistor process optimization, the drift can be reduced to tolerable levels
Development of an underwater glider for virtual mooring and its buoyancy engine

This paper describes the present status of the development of the underwater glider for virtual mooring. It will be able to stay in a designated area for more than one year, moving between the sea surface and the seafloor up to 2,100 m in depth, and monitor the sea environment. It will be able to sleep on the seafloor or while drifting in water to extend the monitoring duration. The first sea-test was conducted in March 2012. In 2013, a new small buoyancy engine was developed and then substituted for the existing one. In recent sea-tests, we evaluated its pitching and heading control performance.
Effects of Heredity, Age, Weight, Puberty, Activity, and Calcium Intake on Bone Mineral Density in Children

Osteoporosis is a disease that plagues older individuals, particularly women. At the usual age of diagnosis, limited therapy is available. By further delineating the factors that influence bone mineral acquisition before peak bone density is achieved, individuals at risk may be identified at an earlier age when therapies may be more effective. This was a study of 16 family units, 16 mothers, eight fathers, and their 28 children between the ages of 5 and 20 years. The evaluation consisted of a focused history, Tanner staging of adolescents, anthropometric data (height, weight), and spinal bone mineral density (BMD) by DEXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Bone mineral density in the children was compared with multiple environmental factors. Bone mineral density Z-scores were then compared between children and their parents. Variables found to be positively correlated with children's BMDs were: age (r=0.94, P<0.001), Tanner stage (r=0.90, P<0.001), weight ( r=0.88, P <0.001), height (r=0.81, P<0.001), and body mass index (r=0.77, P<0.001). No association was found between calcium intake and BMD, owing possibly to increased calcium intake among children with a family history of osteoporosis. Activity was not significantly associated with BMD. Significant correlations were noted between the children s BMD and that of their father's (r=0.83, P =0.01 ), premenopausal mother's (r=0.58, P=0.03), and midparental (the mean value of both parents' BMDs) (r=0.86, P=0.01 ). These data suggest that children who have parents affected by low BMD may be at risk for low BMD themselves.