Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Magnetotactic Behavior by Swimming Assay

Prokaryotic organelles called magnetosomes allow magnetotactic bacteria to navigate along geomagnetic field lines. In this study, we modified a swimming assay commonly used to assess bacterial motility to develop a new method of assessing magnetotactic motility. By this method, the swimming assay was performed in an artificial magnetic field. Magnetotactic bacteria formed a wedge-shaped swimming halo that elongated parallel to the magnetic field. Magnetotactic motility was qualitatively assessed by comparing halo shapes. We termed this method the magnetic swimming assay. On the magnetic swimming assay, the mamK deletion strain formed a shorter halo than the wild type, indicating that the assay sensitively detects differences in magnetotactic motility. Moreover, we isolated two spontaneous magnetotactic motility mutants using magnetic swimming plates. Our findings indicate that the magnetic swimming assay is a useful method for the sensitive analysis of magnetotaxis phenotypes and mutant screening.
Self-Generated Anchors Angry ( or Disgusted ) , but Adjusting ? The Effect of Specific Emotions on Adjustment From

Many numerical judgments are made by adjusting from a salient anchor value. This research examines the effect of high-certainty emotions—emotions associated with feelings of confidence about what is happening, what will happen, and how to respond—on the adjustment process. The authors examined whether such emotions would induce people to engage in adjustment more confidently and thoroughly, leading to greater adjustment. In two studies, the authors found that people feeling anger (Study 1) and disgust (Study 2)—emotions associated with appraisals of certainty—adjusted more from self-generated anchors than did people feeling fear (Study 1) and sadness (Study 2)—emotions associated with appraisals of uncertainty. Study 2 found that this effect does not occur for experimenter-provided anchors, from which adjustment tends to be less consistently observed.
Dapagliflozin Is Effective as Add-on Therapy to Sitagliptin With or Without Metformin: A 24-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor with or without metformin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 study with a 24-week blinded extension period, 432 patients were randomized to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or placebo added to sitagliptin (100 mg/day) ± metformin (≥1,500 mg/day). RESULTS Baseline HbA1c and FPG levels were 7.9% (63.0 mmol/mol) and 162.2 mg/dL (9.0 mmol/L) for the dapagliflozin group and 8.0% (64.0 mmol/mol) and 163 mg/dL (9.0 mmol/L) for placebo. At week 24, dapagliflozin significantly reduced mean HbA1c levels (–0.5% [–4.9 mmol/mol]) versus placebo (0.0% [+0.4 mmol/mol]). Dapagliflozin reduced body weight versus placebo (–2.1 and –0.3 kg) and reduced HbA1c levels in patients with baseline values ≥8.0% (–0.8% [8.7 mmol/mol] and 0.0% [0.3 mmol/mol]) and fasting plasma glucose levels (–24.1 mg/dL [–1.3 mmol/L] and 3.8 mg/dL [0.2 mmol/L]). Similar results were observed when data were stratified by background therapy. Glycemic and weight benefits observed at week 24 were maintained through week 48. Changes from baseline in systolic blood pressure at week 8 were not significantly different between treatment groups. Over 48 weeks, fewer patients receiving dapagliflozin were discontinued or rescued for failing to achieve glycemic targets compared with placebo. Adverse events were balanced between groups, and discontinuation rates were low. At week 48, signs and symptoms suggestive of genital infection were more frequent with dapagliflozin (9.8%) than with placebo (0.4%). Signs and symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection were balanced between dapagliflozin (6.7%) and placebo (6.2%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in patients with type 2 diabetes, inadequately controlled on sitagliptin with or without metformin, add-on treatment with dapagliflozin provides additional clinical benefit and is well tolerated.
A Approaches to Task Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Optical Grids

Using optical network technology in grid networks, we are able to achieve much higher bandwidth requirements, essentially eliminating the bottleneck that throttled the previous generation of grids. However, we cannot apply the same algorithms to optical grid networks as we would on traditional grid networks since they have other physical constraints and conditions that need to be satisfied. As such, research on this topic is relatively scarce since optical networks themselves are still not perfectly implemented and researchers are still experimenting with this technology, and have yet to fully utilize it. We present a comprehensive survey studying key solutions that have been proposed to optimize task scheduling and resource allocation in optical grid networks. Note that although the traditional algorithm can be applied to optical grids, there are many other factors and constraints that need to be taken into account in order to provide an optimal or a near-optimal solution.
Effects of season on plasma progesterone profiles in repeat breeding cows.

Forty six Holstein Friesian repeat breeding cows (the average AI/conception was 5.2 ± 0.2) were investi - gated using the progesterone assay after AI to determine possible differences in plasma progesterone profiles between summer and winter seasons. Twenty eight (60.9%) and 18 (39.1%) cows were followed in summer (June-August) and winter (December-February), respectively. In the summer season, the total progesterone concentrations were higher ( P < 0.05) in pregnant cows with normal luteal function compared to those in non-pregnant animals with abnormal luteal function. In contrast, in the winter season, there was no difference ( P = 0.12) in total progesterone concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant cows with normal or abnormal luteal functions. When the progesterone concentrations were compared, the pregnant and non-pregnant cows with normal luteal functions exhibited no difference ( P = 0.92) in summer and winter seasons. Thus, the present study indicates that there is no effect of season on plasma progesterone profiles in repeat breeding cows; however in the summer season, the total progesterone concentrations were considerably higher in pregnant cows with normal luteal function compared to non-pregnant cows with abnormal luteal function.
Design of Single-Stage Folded-Cascode Gain Boost Amplifier for 100mW 10-bit 50MS/s Pipelined Analog-to-Digital Converter

This paper presents the design and simulation of high speed, high gain and low power fully differential operational amplifier (op-amp) implemented in 0.35 um CMOS technology. The op-amp was designed for sample-and-hold stage of 100 mW 10-bit 50 MS/s pipelined analog-to-digital converter. A topology of single-stage folded-cascode with gain boosting technique is employed in this op-amp. The simulated op-amp achieves a DC gain of 95dB, unity gain bandwidth of 412 MHz and phase margin of 75 degrees. The settling time is 7.5 ns and the op-amp consumes power 12.8 mW with supply voltage of 3V.
Motivations to Play Specifically Predict Excessive Involvement in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games: Evidence from an Online Survey

Background: Several studies have linked massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) with possible problematic usage or internet addiction. Aims: The main goal of the present study was to assess links between motivations to play in MMORPGs and addictive involvement in such types of games. Methods: A total of 696 gamers responded to an online survey. Results and Conclusion: Five distinct motivations to play were identified in gamers: achievement, socializing, immersion, relaxing and escaping. Multiple regression analysis revealed that addictive MMORPG use patterns are predicted by achievement, escapism and socializing motives. Gender was also a significant predictor of problematic involvement in MMORPGs. Moreover, addictive MMORPG use positively correlated with the weekly time devoted to playing MMORPGs.
Obsessive‐compulsive disorder in dermatology

Patients with obsessive‐compulsive (OCD) and related disorders – primarily trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder, and skin picking disorder – frequently present to dermatologists due to associated hair and skin symptoms. It is therefore crucial that dermatologists be familiar with these disorders. In this review article, we provide an update on clinical features, neurobiology factors, and treatment options for OCD spectrum disorders. Employing PubMed and Cochrane Library databases, a selective literature search was conducted using keywords related to dermatological disorders within the OCD spectrum. OCD and its related disorders share several phenomenological as well as pathophysiological similarities, thus warranting their classification within a separate nosological category of psychiatric disorders. Another similarity of OCD spectrum disorders is the frequent concurrence of hair and skin diseases. Besides symptomatic dermatological treatment, the combination of psychotherapy (behavioral therapy) and psychopharmacotherapy (SSRIs) may be helpful. Although recent insights into OCD have contributed to a better understanding and treatment thereof, more research is required, especially with respect to OCD spectrum disorders, for which large controlled treatment studies are still lacking.
MELANOTRICHUS BOYDI (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) IS A SPECIALIST ON THE NICKEL HYPERACCUMULATOR STREPTANTHUS POLYGALOIDES (BRASSICACEAE)

Abstract Nickel hyperaccumulator plants contain at least 1,000 µg Ni/g dry mass. Their high-Ni tissues present a chemically unique resource for herbivorous insects. A prior survey of insects associated with the Ni hyperaccumulator Streptanthus polygaloides in California yielded a new species, Melanotrichus boydi Schwartz and Wall (Hemiptera: Miridae). Here we document the host preference of M. boydi. Surveys of 10 S. polygaloides populations across its geographical and elevational ranges documented the presence of M. boydi upon S. polygaloides at all sites. A host-choice experiment contrasting M. boydi with the polyphagous mirid Lygus hesperus (both collected from S. polygaloides) showed M. boydi preferred S. polygaloides but L. hesperus did not. Other host-choice studies showed M. boydi preferred S. polygaloides to 2 other ultramafic soil plant species in the Brassicaceae, including another species of Streptanthus. No preference was observed when M. boydi was offered samples from several populations of S. polygaloides or given a choice between high-Ni and low-Ni S. polygaloides plants. These results show that M. boydi feeds primarily on S. polygaloides but lacks population-level specificity. This is the first report of a North American insect species monophagous on a Ni hyperaccumulator species.
Tissue transglutaminase-induced aggregation of α-synuclein: Implications for Lewy body formation in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

Proteinaceous aggregates containing α-synuclein represent a feature of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms underlying α-synuclein aggregation remain elusive. Previously, tissue transglutaminase (tTGase) was found to contribute to the generation of aggregates by cross-linking pathogenic substrate proteins in Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases. In this article, the role of tTGase in the formation of α-synuclein aggregates was investigated. Purified tTGase catalyzed α-synuclein cross-linking, leading to the formation of high molecular weight aggregates in vitro, and overexpression of tTGase resulted in the formation of detergent-insoluble α-synuclein aggregates in cellular models. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated the presence of α-synuclein-positive cytoplasmic inclusions in 8% of tTGase-expressing cells. The formation of these aggregates was significantly augmented by the calcium ionophore A23187 and prevented by the inhibitor cystamine. Immunohistochemical studies on postmortem brain tissue confirmed the presence of transglutaminase-catalyzed ɛ(γ-glutamyl)lysine cross-links in the halo of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, colocalizing with α-synuclein. These findings, taken together, suggest that tTGase activity leads to α-synuclein aggregation to form Lewy bodies and perhaps contributes to neurodegeneration.
Particles move along actin filament bundles in nerve growth cones.

Organelle movement along actin filaments has been demonstrated in dissociated squid axoplasm [Kurznetsov, S. A. , Langford, G.M. & Weiss, D. G. (1992) Nature (London) 356, 722-725 and Bearer, E.L. , DeGiorgis, J.A. , Bodner, R.A. , Kao, A.W. & Reese, T.S. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 11252-11256] but has not been shown to occur in intact neurons. Here we demonstrate that intracellular transport occurs along actin filament bundles in intact neuronal growth cones. We used video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy to observe intracellular transport in superior cervical ganglion neurons cultured under conditions that enhance the visibility of actin bundles within growth cone lamellipodia. Intracellular particles, ranging in size from < 0.5-1.5 microns, moved along linear structures (termed transport bundles) at an average maximum rate of 0.48 micron/sec. After particle movement had been viewed, cultures were preserved by rapid perfusion with chemical fixative. To determine whether particle transport occurred along actin, we then used fluorescence microscopy to correlate this movement with actin and microtubule distributions in the same growth cones. The observed transport bundles colocalized with actin but not with microtubules. The rates of particle movement and the association of moving particles with actin filament bundles suggest that myosins may participate in the transport of organelles (or other materials) in intact neurons.
Sosyal Medya Bozukluğu: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Gelisen teknolojiye bagli olarak arac/gereclerin artmasi ile birlikte internet kullanimi hayatimizin ayrilmaz bir parcasi olmustur. Internet kullaniminda meydana gelen gelismelere bagli olarak sosyal medya sayisinda artis gozlenmistir. Kimi birey sosyal medyayi faydali bir sekilde kullanirken, kimi birey ise farkli amaclar icin kullanmaktadir. Bu dusunceye istinaden calismanin amaci, universite ogrencilerinin sosyal medya kullanim bozuklugunu incelemektir. Bu amac dogrultusunda calismaya, 704 universite ogrencisi (188 erkek, 516 kadin) katilim gostermistir. Calismada veri toplama araci olarak; Savci, Ercengiz ve Aysan (2018) tarafindan gelistirilen “Sosyal Medya Bozuklugu Olcegi” ile arastirmacila tarafindan olusturulan “Kisisel Bilgi Formu” kullanilmistir. Veriler; betimsel istatistiki yontemler, bagimsiz gruplar icin t testi, uc veya daha fazla kategoriden olusan degiskenler icin ise tek yonlu varyans (ANOVA) ile analiz edilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda; ogrencilerin sosyal medya bozukluk duzeyi cinsiyetlerine gore anlamli farklilik gostermemektedir. Ancak, sosyal medyanin bozuklugunun farkli bolumlerde ogrenim goren ogrenciler arasinda, en sik kullanilan sosyal medyada, sosyal medyanin kullanim amacinda farklilik yarattigi tespit edilmistir.
Rekreasyon Bölümü Öğrencilerinin Boş Zaman Yönetimi ile Akademik Başarılarını Etkileyen Örgütsel Faktörler Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Bu arastirmanin amaci rekreasyon bolumu ogrencilerinin bos zaman yonetimi ile akademik basarilarini etkileyen orgutsel faktorler arasindaki iliskinin bazi demografik degiskenlere gore incelenmesidir. Arastirmaya, Bartin Universitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Yuksekokulu Rekreasyon Bolumunde ogrenim goren 309 (196 erkek ve 113 kadin) kisi katilmistir. Veri toplama araci olarak, arastirmacilar tarafindan hazirlanan kisisel bilgi formu, Wang, Kao, Huan ve Wu (2011) tarafindan gelistirilen ve Turkce uyarlamasi Akgul ve Karakucuk (2015) tarafindan yapilan “Bos Zaman Yonetimi Olcegi (BZYO)” ve Memduhoglu ve Tanhan (2013) tarafindan gelistirilen “Ogrencilerin Akademik Basarilarini Etkileyen Orgutsel Faktorler Olcegi (OBEOFO)” Verilerin analizinde, katilimcilarin demografik ozelliklerine gore, bos zaman yonetimi ve akademik basari duzeyleri arasindaki farkliliklari incelemek amaciyla t-Testi ve ANOVA, degiskenler arasindaki iliskilerin incelenmesi icin ise Pearson Korelasyon analizi uygulanmistir. Arastirmanin bulgularinda, t-Testi sonuclarinda “cinsiyet” degiskenine gore OBEOFO toplam puanlarinda anlamli farklilik oldugu gorulmektedir (p˂0,05) ve bu farklilik erkek ogrencilerin lehinedir. Korelasyon testi sonuclarinda “yas” degiskenine gore BZYO ve OBEOFO toplam puan ortalamalari arasinda anlamli bir iliski bulunmamistir (p>0,05). Diger taraftan, ANOVA testi sonuclarinda “sinif” degiskenine gore BZYO ve OBEOFO toplam puanlarinda anlamli farklilik tespit edilmistir (p˂0,05). Ek olarak “rekreatif etkinliklere katilma” degiskenine gore BZYO ve OBEOFO toplam puanlarinda anlamli farklilik saptanmistir (p˂0,05) ve bu farkliligin faaliyetlere katilan grubun lehinedir. Korelasyon testi sonucunda “gelir” degiskeni ile BZYO “bos zaman tutumu” alt boyutunda pozitif yonde ve dusuk duzeyde anlamli bir iliski bulunmustur (p˂0,05). Son olarak, BZYO ve OBEOFO toplam puan ortalamalari arasinda pozitif yonde ve dusuk duzeyde anlamli bir iliski oldugu belirlenmistir (p˂0,05). Sonuc olarak, katilimcilarin bos zaman yonetimi ve akademik basari duzeylerinin cinsiyet, sinif, rekreatif etkinliklere katilma gibi degiskenlere gore farklilik gosterdigi; BZYO ve OBEOFO arasinda pozitif yonde dusuk duzeyde bir iliskinin oldugu ve katilimcilarin bos zaman yonetimini olumlu ve dogru bir sekilde yapmasi durumunda akademik basari duzeylerinin de olumlu yonde artacagi soylenebilir.
Nestin protects mouse podocytes against high glucose‐induced apoptosis by a Cdk5‐dependent mechanism

Podocyte apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanisms that mediate hyperglycemia‐induced podocyte apoptosis remain poorly understood. Recent findings indicate that the disruption of the cytoskeleton is related to the podocyte apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of nestin, an important cytoskeleton‐associated class VI intermediate filament (IF) protein, in the high glucose (HG)‐induced podocyte apoptosis. Our data showed that HG decreased the expression level of nestin, either mRNA or protein, in a time‐dependent manner in cultured podocytes. Also, through knockdown of nestin expression by miRNA interference, the HG‐induced podocyte apoptotic rate was significantly increased. The expression of cleaved caspase‐3 was also markedly elevated. Considering that nestin is a substrate of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), we further assessed the expression of Cdk5 in HG‐treated podocytes. The results showed that HG stimulation increased the protein and mRNA expression of Cdk5 in a time‐dependent manner in cultured mouse podocytes. The protein activator of Cdk5, p35, was also increased in a time‐dependent manner by HG stimulation, and downregulation of Cdk5 by miRNA interference attenuated the nestin reduction in HG‐treated podocytes; the HG‐induced podocyte apoptosis, the increased cleaved caspase‐3 expression and the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio were all effectively attenuated. These data suggested that nestin, which is dependent on Cdk5 regulation, plays a cytoprotective role in HG‐induced podocyte apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3186–3196, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Lateral Preoptic Area Lesion on Sleep Wakefulness and Thermoregulation In Cold Acclimatized Rats

Hypothalamic temperature (Thy) alteration is one of the important stimuli that brings about thermoregulatory measures including the changes in wakefulness and muscular activity. The role of the lateral preoptic area (lPOA) in thermoregulation and sleep is well documented. But it is not known whether the integrity of the lPOA is essential for bringing about the changes in sleep-wakefulness (S-W) and thermoregulation in cold ambient temperature (Ta). Neurotoxic lesion of the lPOA resulted in an increase in wake period and core body temperature (T b ) and no change in T hy . Unlike, normal animals, as reported earlier, there was further increase in T b of the lPOA lesioned rats on acute cold exposure, but the T hy remained unaltered throughout the 28 days of continued cold exposure. The findings demonstrate that the lPOA lesioned rats have lost the ability to reset T hy which may be necessary for thermoregulation during cold exposure. Moreover, increased wake period lasted only 7 days in lesioned, compared to 14 days in normal animals. Less efficient restoration of T b , and less prolonged wake period during continued cold exposure, are probably the result of the inability of the lPOA lesioned rats to lower T hy , which is necessary to bring about the thermoregulatory measures.
Unfolding of hen egg lysozyme by molecular dynamics simulations at 300K: Insight into the role of the interdomain interface

We present the results of two 1.2 ns molecular dynamics (MD) unfolding simulations on hen egg lysozyme in water at 300K, performed using a new procedure called PEDC (Path Exploration With Distance Constraints). This procedure allows exploration of low energy structures as a function of increasing RMSD from the native structure, and offers especially the possibility of extensive exploration of the conformational space during the initial unfolding stages. The two independent MD simulations gave similar chronology of unfolding events: disruption of the active site, kinking of helix C, partial unfolding of the three‐stranded β‐sheet to a two‐stranded sheet (during which the helices A, B, and D remain to a great extent native), and finally unfolding of the β‐domain and partial unfolding of the α‐domain in which hydrophobic clusters persist. We show particularly that the loss of hydrophobic contacts between the β‐sheet turn residues Leu55 and Ile56 and the hydrobic patch of the α‐domain destabilizes the β‐domain and leads to its unfolding, suggesting that the correct embedding of these residues in the α‐β interface may constitute the rate limiting step in folding. These results are in accord with experimental observations on the folding/unfolding behavior of hen egg lysozyme at room temperature. They would also explain the loss of stability and the tendency to aggregation observed for the mutant Leu55Thr, and the slow refolding kinetics observed in the analogous amyloidogenic variant of human lysozyme. Proteins 2000;41:58–74. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.