Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transport Properties of Water and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (Postprint)

Abstract : In this work, results from atomistic molecular dynamics studies investigating the effect of surfactant concentration on the transport properties of bulk surfactant aqueous solutions, focusing on the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), are reported. The surfactant self-diffusion and the thermal conductivity of bulk aqueous SDS solutions were computed at a range of concentrations at room and boiling temperatures. Additionally, MP2f, one of the new generation water potentials is assessed for its suitability in reproducing the transport and thermal properties of bulk water. The thermal conductivity of MP2f water model was found to be: 0.64 W/(m_K) at 298K and 0.66 W/(m_K) at 373 K, in much better agreement with the experimental values compared to both the rigid and the flexible TIP3P water model.
Chloropyrula uraliensis gen. et sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a new green coccoid alga with a unique ultrastructure, isolated from soil in South Urals

Soil hosts diverse communities of photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae) that have not yet been fully explored. Here we describe an interesting coccoid green alga isolated from a soil sample from a forest‐steppe in South Urals (Bashkortostan, Russia) that, based on a phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequence, appears to represent a new phylogenetic lineage related to the genus Leptosira within the class Trebouxiophyceae. This new alga is characterized by uninucleate cells with a shape ranging from spherical to ellipsoid or egg‐like, occurring solitary or more often grouped in irregular masses or colonies. Remarkably, cells with a characteristic pyriform shape are encountered in cultures grown on a solid medium. The cells harbour a single pyrenoid‐lacking parietal chloroplast with the margin undulated or forming finger‐like projections; in mature cells the chloroplast becomes divided by deep incisions into more or less separate lobes. Transmission electron microscopy of vegetative cells revealed an unprecedented structure in the form of a cluster of microfibrils located in the cytoplasm near the plasma membrane, often appressed to the chloroplast. Reproduction takes place via autospores or biflagellated zoospores. The unique suite of characters of our isolate distinguishes it from previously described coccoid green algae and suggests that it should be classified as a new species in a new genus; we propose it be named Chloropyrula uraliensis.
Trade Openness and Economic Growth: A Review of the Literature

This study surveys the available empirical literature on the relationship between trade openness and economic growth. The motivation to the current study stems from the persistent conflicting results mostly on the empirical side, which have created confusion among the researchers and policy makers over the trade-growth relationship. Overall, this paper concludes that the available literature provides an affirmative answer to the question whether or not trade openness causes economic growth. However, various issues still exist in the current literature, which need appropriate approach to handle them, in order to establish an explicit relationship between trade openness and economic growth.
Sudden cold temperature delays plant carbon transport and shifts allocation from growth to respiratory demand

Since substrates for respiration are supplied mainly by recent photo-assimilates, there is a strong but time-lagged link between short-term above- and belowground carbon (C) cycling. However, regulation of this coupling by environmental variables is poorly understood. Whereas recent studies focussed on the effect of drought and shading on the link between above- and belowground short-term C cycling, the effect of temperature remains unclear. We used a 13 CO 2 pulse-chase labelling experiment to investigate the effect of a sudden temperature change from 25 to 10 °C on the short-term coupling between assimilatory C uptake and respiratory loss. The study was done in the laboratory using two-month-old perennial rye-grass plants ( Lolium perenne L.). After label application, the δ 13 C signal of respired shoot and root samples was analysed at regular time intervals using laser spectroscopy. In addition, δ 13 C was analysed in bulk root and shoot samples. Cold temperature (10 °C) reduced the short-term coupling between shoot and roots by delaying belowground transfer of recent assimilates and its subsequent respiratory use, as indicated by the δ 13 C signal of root respiration (δ 13 C RR ). That is, the time lag from the actual shoot labelling to the first appearance of the label in 13 C RR was about 1.5 times longer under cold temperature. Moreover, analysis of bulk shoot and root material revealed that plants at cold temperature invest relatively more carbon into respiration compared to growth or storage. While the whole plant C turnover increased under cold temperature, the turnover time of the labile C pool decreased, probably because less 13 C is used for growth and/or storage. That is, (almost) all recent C remained in the labile pool serving respiration under these conditions. Overall, our results highlight the importance of temperature as a driver of C transport and relative C allocation within the plant–soil system.
Cutlassfish infestation (Trichiurus lepturus) by Anisakis simplex larvae in Moroccan Atlantic coast

The aims of this research were to identify the morphology and determine the population dynamics of Anisakis simplex which infects Cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus). The samples of T. lepturus were collected at the fishing port of Mehdia at Atlantic coast, Kenitra city, Morocco, from April 2015 to March 2016. 210 fish specimens were collected then transferred in refrigerated condition to laboratory and immediately examined for Anisakis larvae. The parasites larvae were cleared in glycerin, observed in light microscope. The prevalence of A. simplex larvae was 59.04%. The infection with A. simplex was significantly higher (p=0,0005) in summer. The infected fish size were significantly larger (p=0.0005) than uninfected fish. The prevalence by locality of infection with the larvae was 59.04% and 10.95% in body cavity and musculature respectively. In conclusion, the populations consuming Cutlassfish are at risk to be infected.
Estimation of mortality of juvenile blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, within a nursery area using telemetry data

A population of young blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) was monitored over three years to determine their mortality rates using a series of acoustic listening stations. Based on these data it was possible to use several mortality estimators, including indirect life history based methods and direct methods such as the Kaplan-Meier and SURVIV methods, to estimate natural, fishing, and total mortality. Kaplan-Meier (6191%) and SURVIV (6292%) methods provided nearly identical total mortality rates during the first six months of life. This agreement suggests that these estimates are accurate for this population. All natural and fishing mortality occurred within the first 15 weeks of the study. This suggests that young sharks are most vulnerable to all types of mortality during this period. Sharks that survived beyond the first 15 weeks successfully left the nursery and were presumed to have migrated southward during fall months. These results provide critical information concerning the early life histo.
On the convergence rate of finite difference methods for degenerate convection-diffusion equations in several space dimensions

We analyze upwind difference methods for strongly degenerate convection-diffusion equations in several spatial dimensions. We prove that the local $L^1$-error between the exact and numerical solutions is $\mathcal{O}(\Delta x^{2/(19+d)})$, where $d$ is the spatial dimension and $\Delta x$ is the grid size. The error estimate is robust with respect to vanishing diffusion effects. The proof makes effective use of specific kinetic formulations of the difference method and the convection-diffusion equation.
RELIGION AND HEALTH: A SYNTHESIS

This review is concerned with the relationships between religion and health. Its principle purpose is to provide an overview of the empirical research literature on this relationship, relating different forms of religious participation, especially religious service attendance, to various health outcomes. However, it also briefly considers theological and religious traditions and themes concerning health, healing, and wholeness. It further reviews interventions related to religious communities that promote health, considers relations between the empirical literature on religion and health and the theological and religious traditions, and discusses where there is convergence, where there is tension, and where various open questions for further reflection and research remain. It concludes with a number of summary propositions attempting to capture the major themes of the present survey.
Stochastic Dynamics Toward the Steady State of Self-Gravitating Systems

We will construct a theory which can explain the dynamics toward the steady state self-gravitating systems (SGSs) where many particles interact via the gravitational force. Real examples of SGS in the universe are globular clusters and galaxies. The idea is to represent an interaction by which a particle of the system is affected from the others by a special random force. That is, we will use a special Langevin equation, just as the normal Langevin equation can unveil the dynamics toward the steady state described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. However, we cannot introduce the randomness into the system without any evidence. Then, we must confirm that each orbit is random indeed. Of course, it is impossible to understand orbits of stars in globular clusters from observations. Thus we use numerical simulations. From the numerical simulations of SGS, grounds that we use the random noise become clear. The special Langevin equation includes the additive and the multiplicative noise. By using the random process, we derive the non-Maxwellian distribution of SGS especially around the core. The number density can be obtained through the steady state solution of the Fokker-Planck equation corresponding to the random process. We exhibit that the number density becomes equal to the density profiles around the core by adjusting the friction coefficient and the intensity of the multiplicative noise. Moreover, we also show that our model can be applied in the system which has a heavier particle, corresponding to the black hole in a globular cluster.
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Psychiatric Effects Illicit use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) has been associated with a variety of adverse psychiatric effects. Adverse psychiatric effects are defined for this testimony as disturbances in mood, thinking, behavior, and perception. The most f

The most frequently described adverse psychiatric effects of AAS are extreme mood swings ranging from mania to depression, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, marked aggression including homicidal thoughts and behavior (“roid rage”), grandiose and paranoid delusions, and addiction (11, 20). Mania (or its less severe form known as hypomania), violent aggression, and delusions typically begin during a course of AAS use, whereas depressive episodes and suicide attempts are most likely to occur within three months of stopping AAS use, i.e., during AAS withdrawal (7). Fortunately, most psychiatric effects such as mood swings are reversible with medically monitored cessation of AAS use, but suicides and homicides are obviously irreversible.
Characterization of readmissions at a Portuguese psychiatric hospital: An analysis over a 21 month period

Background and Objectives: The readmission rate has been considered as a promising variable to evaluate the efficacy of the mental health system. Considering the lack of literature on the subject in Portugal, it is important to characterize it further in order to validate its meaning as a variable. The aim of this analysis was to characterize readmissions to Julio de Matos Hospital (JMH), in comparison with the single admissions. Methods: This analysis was made through the review of the clinical files of patients admitted over a period of 21 months. Results: Of the 3,225 patients admitted in this period, 1,276 (39.6%) were readmissions. Furthermore, a readmitted patient was admitted, on average, 2.6 times during the study timeframe. The results show a reduced social involvement, an increased prior institutionalization and an increased incidence of "Schizophrenic Psychosis" and "Abnormal Personalities" in the sub-group of repeated admissions. Conclusions: These findings are similar to those obtained in other European countries and strengthen the need for psychosocial and specific interventions at outpatient level. This analysis also shows the value of monitoring the relevant variables to tailor the intervention of the institutions.
Real-time Evidence from the Emini S & P 500 Option Market

We study the real-time characteristics and drivers of jumps in option prices. To this end, we employ high frequency data from the 24-hour E-mini S&P 500 options market. We find that option prices do not jump simultaneously across strikes and maturities and are uncorrelated with jumps in ∗We would like to thank Richard Baillie, Alejandro Bernales, Menachem Brenner, Francis Breedon, Marcelo Fernandes, Robert Geske, Arie Gozluklu, Massimo Guidolin, Michel Habib, Erik Hjalmarsson, Andrew Karolyi, Arie Melnik, Anthony Neuberger, Tatjana Puhan, Olivier Scaillet, Ben Schreiber, Spyros Skouras, Theodoros Stamatiou, Zvi Wiener, Gal Zahavi, and participants at the Bank of England, Luxembourg School of Finance, University of Piraeus, University of Zurich seminar series, the 2013 MMF Workshop on Empirical Modelling of Financial Markets at Brunel University, the 2014 Jerusalem Finance Conference in honour of Professors Dan Galai and Itzhak Venezia at Hebrew University and the 2014 European Financial Management Conference for useful discussions and comments. All remaining errors are solely the authors’ responsibility. †School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary, University of London, UK g.kapetanios@qmul.ac. uk; ‡School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary, University of London, m.neumann@qmul.ac. uk; §School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary, University of London, UK, and Department of Banking and Financial Management, University of Piraeus, GR. Also Associate Research Fellow with Cass Business School and Warwick Business School, UK, g.skiadopoulos@qmul.ac. uk, gskiado@unipi.gr
Effect of Energetic Electron Irradiation on Graphene

Electron beam exposure is a commonly used tool for fabrication and imaging of graphene‐based devices. Using Raman spectroscopy and electronic transport measurements, we have studied the effect of prolonged exposure of electron beams on exfoliated graphene on SiO2/Si substrates and the performance of electronic devices based on exfoliated graphene. Raman spectra indicate emergence of characteristic defects. Electronic transport measurements show an overall decrease in graphene’s conductivity and a shift of the Dirac point. Our results are valuable for understanding the possible defects generated in graphene by electron beam exposure and in high‐radiation environment in general.
Modelling Deforestation and Land Cover Transitions of Tropical Peatlands in Sumatra, Indonesia Using Remote Sensed Land Cover Data Sets

In Southeast Asia land use change associated with forest loss and degradation is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This is of particular concern where deforestation occurs on peat soils. A business-as-usual (BAU) land change model was developed using Dinamica EGO© for a REDD+ Demonstration Activity area in south-east Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia containing Berbak National Park (NP). The model output will be used as baseline land change predictions for comparison with alternative land cover management scenarios as part of a REDD+ feasibility study. The study area is approximately 376,000 ha with approximately 50% on peat soils. The model uses published 2000 and 2010 land cover maps as input and projects land cover change for thirty years until 2040. The model predicted that under a BAU scenario the forest area, 185,000 ha in 2010, will decline by 37% by 2040. In protected forest areas, approximately 50% of the study area, forest cover will reduce by 25%. Peat swamp forest will reduce by almost 37%. The greatest land cover category increases are plantation/regrowth areas (which includes oil palm) and open areas which each increase by 30,000 ha. These results indicate that the site has great potential as an Indonesian REDD+ Demonstration Activity.
Raman Spectroscopy as a New Biochemical Diagnostic Tool

Summary In this review, Raman spectroscopy is described as a new and potentially powerful diagnostic tool in comparison to routine biochemical tests. Advanced instrumentation and new Raman spectroscopy techniques enable rapid and simultaneous identification and/or determination of several biochemical parameters, such as glucose, acetone, creatinine, urea, lipid profile, uric acid, total protein, etc, with a very low limit of detection. Raman spectroscopy could also be applied in molecule and cell characterization, as well as diagnostics of atherosclerosis in its early stage. Raman spectroscopy is nondestructive and could be applied to all kinds of samples, which simplifies the diagnostics of numerous diseases and pathologic states. Special attention is paid to literature data illustrating the application of Raman spectroscopy for transdermal glucose monitoring and cancer diagnostics. Kratak sadržaj U ovom prikazu opisana je primena Ramanske spektrosko- pije kao nove metode velikih mogućnosti u dijagnostici, u poređenju sa rutinskim biohemijskim testovima. Metoda je razvijena i usavršena za identifikaciju i/ili određivanje velikog broja biohemijskih parametara, kao što su glukoza, aceton, kreatinin, urea, lipidni profil, mokraćna kiselina, ukupni proteini i drugi, uz veoma nizak limit detekcije. Ramanska spek- troskopija takođe se može primenjivati u molekulskoj i ćelij- skoj karakterizaciji, kao i za dijagnostiku ranog stadijuma ateroskleroze. Ramanska spektroskopija je nedestruktivna i može se primenjivati na sve vrste uzoraka, što pojednostavljuje dijagnostiku brojnih bolesti i patoloških stanja. Posebna pažnja u radu je posvećena podacima iz literature koji ilustru- ju primenu Ramanske spektroskopije u transdermalnom monitoringu glukoze i dijagnostici kancera
Aboveground resilience to species loss but belowground resistance to nitrogen addition in a montane plant community

Aims Decades of empirical work have demonstrated how dominant plant species and nitrogen fertilization can influence the structure and function of plant communities. More recent studies have examined the interplay between these factors, but few such studies use an explicit trait‐based framework. In this study, we use an explicit trait‐based approach to identify potential mechanisms for community‐level responses and to test ecological niche theory. Methods We experimentally manipulated plant communities (control, −dominant species, −random biomass) and nitrogen (N) inputs (control, +organic N, +inorganic N) in a fully factorial design. We predicted that traits related to plants' ability to take up different forms of soil N would differ between dominant and subordinate species, resulting in interactive effects of dominant species loss and N fertilization on plant community structure and function. The study took place in a montane meadow in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. Important Findings After four years, the plant community in removal plots converged toward a species composition whose leaf and root functional traits resembled those of the previously removed dominant species. Ecosystem productivity generally increased with N addition: soil carbon efflux was ˜50% greater when either form of N was added, while inorganic N addition increased aboveground biomass production by ˜60% relative to controls. The increase in production was mediated by increased average height, leaf mass:area ratio and leaf dry matter content in plant communities to which we added inorganic N. Contrary to our predictions, there were no interactive effects of N fertilization and dominant species loss on plant community structure or ecosystem function. The plant community composition in this study exhibited resistance to soil N addition and, given the functional convergence we observed, was resilient to species loss. Together, our results indicate that the ability of species to compensate functionally for species loss confers resilience and maintains diversity in montane meadow communities.
ON NORMATIVITY

Judith Jarvis Thomson's Normativity (2008) is a formidable book in terms of both content and style (all otherwise unattributed page references in what follows are to this book). The structure is modular, as though to encourage the reader who wants to dip in and out. But as you read it becomes clear that dipping in and out would not be a good idea. Questions that occur to you are sometimes addressed immediately, but sometimes the answers can only be inferred from what's said elsewhere. Moreover, sometimes the questions themselves only occur to you after you've reached the end and tried to figure out how the whole story fits together. Nor should this be surprising. Thomson's ambition is nothing less than to explain normative thought and talk in all its diversity and complexity. Her account includes disparate elements that relate to each other in sophisticated ways. My aim in what follows is to prompt her to say more about how some specific elements fit together.
Hypoglycemic Effects of Morus alba Leaf Extract on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Sulfonylurea Hypoglycemic Agents

Phytochemical extracts with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity are widely used in processed foods with hypoglycemic effect. However the interactions between these phytochemical extracts and prescribed medicines have not yet been investigated. The leaf extract of Morus alba (LEM) shows the competitive inhibition to α-glucosidase. This single- blinded, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of LEM on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetes patients treated with or without sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents (SU). Blood was collected from patients and healthy subjects at the indicated times after the ingestion of jelly containing LEM. A hydrogen breath test was performed simultaneously in healthy subjects to detect undigested sucrose in the jelly, which is fermented by intestinal microbes to produce hydrogen. Postprandial elevations in glucose and insulin levels were significantly suppressed in patients with and without SU treatment after ingestion of jelly containing LEM, compared to placebo jelly (p<0.05). Elevations in glucose and insulin levels were suppressed and the excretion of breath hydrogen gas was markedly increased in healthy subjects after ingestion of jelly containing LEM. These results suggest that LEM can suppress the postprandial elevation of glucose and insulin independent of SU treatment. These results could help to improve food processing for diet therapy in diabetes.