Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation of volatile compounds in ewe raw milk La Serena cheese

La Serena cheese is a soft to semi-soft variety made in Extremadura (western Spain) from Merino ewe raw milk using an extract of Cynara cardunculus as milk coagulant. A purge and trap ap- paratus coupled to a GC-MS was used to study the seasonal variation of the volatile fraction of La Serena cheeses made at four artisan dairies. Alcohols and esters were the main chemical families found in La Serena cheese. Most volatile compounds were detected in cheeses made during the whole year, although at different concentrations. Abundances of hydrocarbons, primary alcohols, second- ary alcohols of an uneven number of carbon atoms, terpenes, 2,3-butanedione, free fatty acids, nitro- gen compounds and aromatic compounds were generally higher in cheeses made during spring. Aldehydes reached the highest levels in spring and summer cheeses. Ethanol and ethyl esters were more abundant in spring and autumn cheeses, while branched chain alcohols and branched chain alkyl esters were more abundant in summer cheeses. Cheeses made in winter showed a lower abun- dance of most volatile compounds, except dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl disulphide. Cheeses made in spring received the highest scores for odour and aroma quality, and cheeses made in winter re- ceived the lowest scores. High amounts of 2,3-butanedione, medium concentrations of most terpenes and alcohols, low levels of methyl ketones, especially of 2-butanone, and very low concentrations of 2-butanol were generally recorded for cheeses with the highest quality scores in sensory evaluation. Concentrations of most ethyl esters and branched chain alkyl esters in the highest scored cheeses were above the mean values in cheeses made during the whole year. However, levels of propyl esters and ethyl esters of branched chain acids were lower in the highest scored cheeses. Volatile compound / ewe raw milk / La Serena cheese / seasonal variation
Location Choices of Graduate Entrepreneurs

We review complementary theoretical perspectives on location choices of university graduate entrepreneurs derived from the individual-opportunity nexus and local embeddedness perspectives on entrepreneurship. Analysis of the full population of 215,388 graduates from Swedish institutions of higher education between 2002 and 2006 provides support for both location choice perspectives. Overall, 63% of graduate entrepreneurs start businesses locally in their region of graduation while 37% start businesses elsewhere. The likelihood of starting locally is substantially higher in metropolitan regions, if the graduate was born locally or has university peer entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial family members in the region of graduation. Implications for theory and public policy are discussed.
Response of selected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) germplasm to aluminium stress

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) is an important food security crop in sub-Saharan Africa. Its production on acid soils is constrained by aluminium (Al) stress, which primarily interferes with root growth. Sorghum cultivation is widespread in Kenya, but there is limited knowledge on response of the Kenyan sorghum cultivars to aluminium stress. The aim of the study was to identify and morphologically characterise aluminium tolerant sorghum accessions. The root growth of three hundred and eighty nine sorghum accessions from local or international sources was assessed under 148 μM Al in soaked paper towels, and 99 of these were selected and further tested in solution. Ten selected accessions were grown out in the field, on un-limed (0 t/ha) or limed (4 t/ha) acid (pH 4.3) soils with high (27%) Al saturation, and their growth and grain yield was assessed. Although the Al stress significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced root growth in most of the accessions, there were ten accessions; MCSRP5, MCSR 124, MCSR106, ICSR110, Real60, IS41764, MCSR15, IESV93042-SW, MCSRM45 and MCSRM79f, that retained relatively high root growth and were classified as tolerant. The stress significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced seedling root and shoot dry matter in the Al-sensitive accessions. Plant growth and yield on un-limed soil was very poor, and liming increased grain yield by an average 35%. Most of Kenya sorghums were sensitive to Al stress, but a few tolerant accessions were identified that could be used for further breeding for improved grain yield in high aluminium soils. Key words: Aluminium tolerance, grain yield, liming, root growth sorghum.
The effect of extreme ionization rates during the initial collapse of a molecular cloud core

JW and MRB acknowledge support from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007- 2013 grant agreement no. 339248). DJP received funding via Australian Research Council grants FT130100034, DP130102078, and DP180104235. This work was supported by resources on the swinSTAR national facility at Swinburne University of Technology. swinSTAR is funded by Swinburne and the Australian Government's Education Investment Fund.
The Effect of Misalignment in Exchange Rate during Pre and Post Liberalization Periods

This study investigates the relationship between exchange rate misalignment and stock market volatility during pre and post financial liberalization era in Nigeria. This study uses quarterly data between 1985Q1 and 2011Q4 where the period of 1985Q1 to 1995Q2 represented the pre-financial liberalization era and 1995Q3 to 2011Q4 for post-financial liberalization. In testing our formulated hypotheses we adopted some statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and error correction model. To this end, our result shows that exchange rate misalignment had a positive but insignificant relationship with stock market volatility before the deregulation of the financial market in Nigeria. In the era of financial liberalization we observed that exchange rate misalignment had a negative and insignificant relationship with stock market volatility in Nigeria. We also find out that the adoption of financial liberalization policy in Nigeria had a positive but insignificant impact on stock market volatility. Finally, we therefore recommend that stable exchange rate policies that minimizes misalignment be pursed so as avoid significant stock market volatility and that liberalization of financial market should be encourage since the adoption could not be attributed to being the cause of volatility in Nigeria stock market. Keywords: Exchange Rate Misalignment, Financial Liberalization, Stock Market Volatility
Secondary Databases in Equine Research

Knowledge on disease occurrence in the Swedish equine population is lacking. Secondary data (data not produced primarily for research) including medical information offer potential to investigate disease occurrence in populations without primary data collection. This thesis explored the potential use of two nation-wide secondary equine databases for research on diseases in the Swedish horse population. The data quality in one insurance database and one database from a national equine clinic network was evaluated. For diagnostic information, the agreement in insurance data was 84% whereas the completeness (proportion of problems in the clinical records recorded in the database) and correctness (proportion of recorded disease events in the database truly occurring) of clinic data was 91% and 92%, respectively. Logistic regression showed that agreement/correctness was significantly associated with type of visit (clinic data and veterinary care claims in insurance data), whether diagnostic codes were present in the clinical record and affected system (clinic data). To present disease occurrence in the respective study populations, disease was presented as incidence rates (insurance data) and proportional morbidities (both databases). For insurance data, the most commonly affected system was joints, followed by whole body, skin and digestive system. The most common specific diagnosis was fetlock inflammation. For clinic data 22% of all visits were health visits, and for problems visits, the most commonly affected body system was joints, followed by whole body, respiratory and skeleton system. For both databases, disease occurrence was highly related to demographic factors in the horse population. The data quality in both databases was found adequate for research purposes, with due consideration of variation in data quality among disease problems. Presentation of disease indices from the two databases provided useful information on disease occurrence in horses throughout Sweden. Importantly however, as many factors affect disease, results from other studies are not directly applicable to Sweden. Thus disease statistics need be obtained from the specific population of interest.
Evaluation of some therapies and meristem culture to eliminate Potato Y potyvirus from infected potato plants

Meristems (length 100, 200, 300 µm) were excised from infected Potato plants of Binella and Burren cultivars an d cultured on solidied MS medium containing 30 g l �1 sucrose, 5 mg l �1 Ascorbic acid, 5 mg l �1 Pyridoxine, 5 mg l �1 Nicotinic acid, 5 mg l �1 �iamine, 200 mg l �1 Inositole, 2 mg l �1 GA3, and 0.2 mg l �1 kinetin. Virus status of in vitro plantlets was determined by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Results showed that the highest rate of virus-free pl ants was obtained by using explants 100 µm in length. �e rate of PVY elimination was improved aer treatment by thermotherapy at approximately 37±1°C for 40 days, (81%) in Binella and (75%) in Burren. Chemotherapy was undertaken with (10-20-30) mg l �1 of ribavirin (RBV), �e highest percentage of virus free plantlets 87% in Binella and 82% in Burren were obtained from the ribavirin's concentration (20 mg l �1 ) combined with meristem- tips (100 µm) in length. Severe growth abnormalities were observed on medium containing high concentration of RBV (30 mg l �1 ). Finally, the highest percentage virus free plantlets of PVY (93% in Binella and 87% in Burren) were obtained from meristem-tips 100 µm in length excised aer electric treatments (15 mA/10 min).
The differences between the editions of the Saussure’s third course of lectures

This work presents a comparative analysis between two editions raised from the courses of lectures delivered by Ferdinand de Saussure: the book “Cours de Linguistique Generale” and the book “Troisieme Cours de Linguistique Generale – d’apres les cahiers d’Emile Constantin”. This comparison was based on two critical editions of the first book, made by Rudolf Engler and Tulio de Mauro, which present the sources used at making the “Cours de Linguistique Generale”. Since the book “Troisieme Cours de Linguistique Generale – d’apres les cahiers d’Emile Constantin”. presents only the contents from the last course of lectures, it was necessary isolating from the Cours the parts referring to this same content, in order to make a comparison. Afterwards, it was possible to establish the specific features of each book, and also the points the similarities and the differences between them. The similarities found refer to the content of both books, since they were established with the subjects exposed in Saussure’s third course of lectures. The differences refer to the way the content is developed: the kind of sentences and the vocabulary used in each book. Also, it was found some differences concerned to the formal features of them, which are relate to the specific purpose of the books.
Correlation between Fermi/LAT gamma-ray and 37 GHz radio properties of northern AGN averaged over 11 months

Aims. Although the Fermi mission has increased our knowledge of gamma-ray AGN, many questions remain, such as the site of gamma-ray production, the emission mechanism, and the factors that govern the strength of the emission. Using data from a high radio band, 37 GHz, uncontaminated by other radiation components besides the jet emission, we study these questions with averaged flux densities over the the first year of Fermi operations. Methods. We look for possible correlations between the 100 MeV–100 GeV band used by the Fermi satellite and 37 GHz radio band observed at the Aalto University Metsahovi Radio Telescope, as well as for differences between the gamma-ray emission of different AGN subsamples. We use data averaged over the 1FGL period. Our sample includes 249 northern AGN, including a complete sample of 68 northern AGN with a measured average flux density exceeding 1 Jy. Results. We find significant correlation between both the flux densities and luminosities in gamma and radio bands. The Fermi luminosity is inversely correlated with the peak frequency of the synchrotron component of the AGN spectral energy distributions. We also calculate the gamma dominances, defined as the ratio between the gamma and radio flux densities, and find an indication that high-energy blazars are more gamma-dominated than low-energy blazars. After studying the distributions of gamma and radio luminosities, it is clear that BL Lacertae objects are different from quasars, with significantly lower luminosities. It is unclear whether this is an intrinsic difference, an effect of variable relativistic boosting across the synchrotron peak frequency range, or the result of Fermi being more sensitive to hard spectrum sources like BL Lacertae objects. Our results suggest that the gamma radiation is produced co-spatially with the 37 GHz emission, i.e., in the jet.
Investigating the purpose of prelamin A processing

Lmna yields two major protein products in somatic cells, lamin C and prelamin A. Mature lamin A is produced from prelamin A by four posttranslational processing steps-farnesylation of a carboxyl-terminal cysteine, release of the last three amino acids of the protein, methylation of the farnesylcysteine, and the endoproteolytic release of the carboxyl-terminal 15 amino acids of the protein (including the farnesylcysteine methyl ester). Although the posttranslational processing of prelamin A has been conserved in vertebrate evolution, its physiologic significance remains unclear. Here we review recent studies in which we investigated prelamin A processing with Lmna knock-in mice that produce exclusively prelamin A (LmnaPLAO), mature lamin A (LmnaLAO), or nonfarnesylated prelamin A (LmnanPLAO). We found that the synthesis of lamin C is dispensable in laboratory mice, that the direct production of mature lamin A (completely bypassing all prelamin A processing) causes no discernable pathology in mice, and that exclusive production of nonfarnesylated prelamin A leads to cardiomyopathy.
The Structure of Ant Assemblages in an Urban Area of Helsinki, Southern Finland

We collected ants in ten replicated habitat types of an urban island and described their assemblages using Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling and Multivariate Regression Trees. Lasius niger was the most abundant species, followed by Myrmica rubra, Formica fusca, L. flavus and L. platythorax; these species comprised 87% of all 1133 nests of the 16 species found. Ant assemblages changed gradually from open habitats to sites with closed tree canopy. Species most tolerant to urban pressure were L. niger, L. flavus and M. rugulosa, whereas forest-associated species were scarce or absent. Successful urban species had extensive (Palaearctic) or more limited (Euro-Siberian) distribution. Common and abundant habitat generalists were overrepresented relative to rural areas; these were also efficiently dispersing pioneer species with independent colony founding. Lack of suitable (micro)habitat apparently hampered colonization of many species. Competitively superior, territorial species were rare or absent, as were species dependent on dead wood, and many species depending on other ants. The indicated reorganization of interspecific competitive relationships may be due to selective impoverishment of the urban species pool. Comparison with other urban studies suggested that in ants, faunal homogenization has not taken place on a European scale.
Programas de intervención destacados en violencia filio-parental: Descripción de un programa innovador de intervención precoz

espanolLos/as profesionales de la salud mental infanto-juvenil sugieren que el comportamiento violento de ninos, ninas y adolescentes hacia sus padres o madres esta aumentando, y las denuncias interpuestas por progenitores maltratados por hijos/as menores o jovenes lo atestiguan tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Un objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revision de programas de intervencion de la violencia filio-parental o afines con evidencias de su eficacia, aunque el objetivo principal es la descripcion del Programa de Intervencion Precoz en Situaciones de Violencia Filio-Parental. Se han encontrado algunos programas de intervencion para el tratamiento de la violencia filio-parental con propuestas protocolizadas, pero sin pruebas consistentes de su eficacia. El programa de intervencion precoz que se presenta se desarrolla en formato grupal e incluye manuales detallados de los tres subprogramas que lo componen (adolescentes, progenitores y familias), y cuenta con algunas evidencias positivas. EnglishProfessionals of child and youth mental healthcare suggest that violent behaviour of children toward parents is increasing, according to complaints filed by abused parents by children of minor age or youths both in national and international contexts. An aim of this work is to carry out a review of the programs of intervention in child-to-parent violence or similar programs with evidence of their efficacy, although the main aim is the description of the Early Intervention Program in Child-to-Parent Violence Situations. A number of programs have been found of intervention treatment in child-to-parent violence that have proposals of detailed protocols, but they do not have consistent proof of their efficiency. The early intervention program is carried out in a group format and includes detailed manuals of the three subprograms that it comprises (adolescents, parents and families), and it provides some positive evidence.
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: A WAY FORWARD TO ACHIEVE GENDER EQUALITY IN INDIA

Among several benefits of organic agriculture, emphasis on gender equality is one important aspect which makes it unique as it is believed that it empowers women. This can be contrasted with conventional agriculture, which is said to marginalise women. To understand gender dynamics in organic farming, 111 men and 69 women registered organic farmers were studied using a semi-structured interview schedule and on-farm observations in the context of livestock production activities during 2006-07 in the North Indian state of Uttarakhand, which has embraced organic agriculture by declaring itself as first organic state in India. Land and livestock ownership was mostly with men, whereas income was jointly managed by both men and women followed by women members alone in most of the households. Animal husbandry activities were performed by both men and women, followed by women members of the family, whereas, decision making in animal husbandry activities though reflected plurality, the final decisions in most of the cases rested with men only. This study was not designed to compare the gender dimensions in conventional/traditional farms against organic farms, yet it was observed that women's formal involvement was being encouraged through appropriate policy interventions in the state of Uttarakhand. In particular, the gender sensitisation training imparted by the Uttarakhand Organic Commodity Board (UOCB) appeared to have played key role in making women's participation more proactive and visible. The authors recommend that studies should made to compare the conventional and organic agricultural systems along gender dimensions so as to know to what extent organic agriculture is helping in achieving the millennium goal of gender equality and women's empowerment.
Increasing the robustness of deep neural networks for text classification by examining adversarial examples

Adversarial examples are specially crafted samples, where noise is added onto regular samples to make neural networks misclassify the sample despite having no detectable noise for humans. This thesis will explore adversarial examples in the text domain by conducting three experiments with the goal of increasing the robustness of neural networks. The first experiment shows that adversarial examples are easy to craft for text classification tasks and that these adversarial examples transfer between different models. The second experiment shows that defensive distillation does not increase the robustness of a model to adversarial examples. The third experiment shows that adding adversarial examples to the trainings set of a neural network will not increase the overall accuracy of that network. All neural networks tested have a simple architecture based on a single 1-dimensional convolutional layer.
A 370-year dendroecological history of an old-growth Abies-Acer-Quercus forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan

Dendroecological techniques were used to study the dynamics and species recruitment patterns, spanning nearly four centuries, for a mesic, montane, old-growth forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan. The forest is dominated by Abies sachalinensis (Masters), Acer palmatum (Thunb.), Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata (Rehd.), and Cercidiphyllum japonicum(Sieb.). From 1620 to 1750 and 1820 to 1840, Q. mongolica exhibited continuous recruitment into the overstory. A lack of recruitment for all tree species from 1750 to 1820 followed a 1739 volcanic eruption 200 km from the study area. Release events for individual trees occurred almost every decade of the stand history, indicating that frequent small-scale disturbances coupled with infrequent large-scale disturbances, impact tree growth and species recruitment. From 1870 to 1950, canopy recruitment of Abies and Acer dominated the forest, while recruitment of Quercus ceased. These later successional species appeared to be replacing Quercus, suggesting that the syndrome of declining oak dominance is an increasingly global phenomenon. However, successional patterns in the forest are difficult to predict because intensive deer browsing has recently prevented canopy recruitment of all tree species and the possibility of future large-scale disturbances, such as fire and volcanic eruption. Resume : Des techniques dendroecologiques ont ete utilisees pour etudier la dynamique et les patrons de recrutement des especes, sur pres de quatre siecles, d'une vieille foret montagnarde mesique de l'ile de Hokkaido, dans le nord du Japon. La foret est dominee par l'Abies sachalinensis (Masters), l'Acer palmatum (Thunb.), le Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata (Rehd.) et le Cercidiphyllum japonicum(Sieb.). De 1620 a 1750 et de 1820 a 1840, le Q. mongolica a montre un recrutement continu dans l'etage dominant. Le manque de recrutement de toutes les especes entre 1750 et 1820 a suivi une eruption volcanique qui s'est produite en 1739, a 200 km de l'aire etudiee. Le degagement des arbres individuels s'est produit presque a chaque decennie de l'histoire du peuplement, indiquant que de frequentes perturbations a petite echelle, combinees a des perturbations peu frequentes a grande echelle, avaient un impact sur la croissance des arbres et le recrutement des especes. De 1870 a 1950, le recrutement dans la canopee d'Abies et d'Acer a domine la foret, tandis que celui du Quercus a cesse. Ces dernieres especes successionnelles semblaient etre en train de remplacer le Quercus, suggerant que le syndrome du declin de la dominance du chene est un phenomene de plus en plus global. Toutefois, les patrons de succession forestiere sont difficiles a predire a cause du broutage du cerf, qui a recemment empeche le recrutement dans la canopee de toutes les especes arborescentes, et a cause de la possibilite que surviennent dans le futur des perturbations a grande echelle, telles que les feux et les eruptions volcaniques. (Traduit par la Redaction) Abrams et al. 1899