Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology

Background - FNAC has become the most prominent, and the easiest way, to morphologically evaluate lesions of the thyroid and may be the procedure of choice in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules. In the past, ambiguous and inconsistent diagnostic criteria and terminology have hampered sample interpretation and patient management. The TBSRTC will have effect in transforming, unifying, and improving the reporting of thyroid FNA results Aims – The aim of our study to evolve uniform reporting system for thyroid cytopathology, facilitate effective cytological & histological correlation, reduce the unnecessary surgical management of thyroid lesions, which can easily be treated medically. Materials and Methods – FNAC was performed on two hundred patients diagnosed with thyroid lesion during a period of two years (2010-2012). The smears were prepared, stained by May-Grunewald-Giemsa stain and reported according to Bethesda system reporting of thyroid lesions. The cytological diagnosis was compared with histopathological diagnosis, wherever possible to find out the diagnostic accuracy. Results - The statistical analysis in the present study revealed sensitivity of 95.24 percent, specificity of 78.72 percent, positive predictive value of 66.66 percent, negative predictive value of 97.37 percent and diagnostic accuracy of 83.82 percent. Sensitivity and specificity of pre-Bethesda reporting system was 75 percent and 97.95 percent respectively. Positive predictive value was 85.71 percent, negative predictive value was 95.92 percent and diagnostic accuracy was 94.64 percent. Conclusion - After analyzing the results of the present study, it was concluded that the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology represents a reliable and valid reporting system for thyroid cytology.
Limited Transmission of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus in Cultured Cells

ABSTRACT Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (also called human herpesvirus 8) is a novel gammaherpesvirus strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Although virions can be produced in high yield from latently infected B-cell lines treated with phorbol esters, little is known about the infectivity of such virus, and efficient serial propagation of KSHV has been problematic. Here we report on the infectivity of KSHV produced from phorbol-induced BCBL-1 cells, employing an assay based on the detection of a spliced late mRNA by a sensitive reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method. The results of this study confirm previous observations that 293 cells are susceptible to viral infection; however, infection with BCBL-1-derived virus is inefficient and the pattern of viral gene expression in infected cells may not fully reproduce that of authentic lytic infection. In keeping with this finding, serial propagation of BCBL-1-derived virus could not be demonstrated on 293 cells. Eleven of 38 other cell lines tested also supported KSHV infection, as judged by this RT-PCR assay, including cells of B-cell, endothelial, epithelial, and fibroblastic origin; however, in all cases, infection proceeded at or below the levels observed in 293 cells.
Improving Storage System Reliability with Proactive Error Prediction

This paper proposes using techniques from machine learning to make storage systems more reliable in the face of sector errors. Sector errors are partial drive failures, where individual sectors on a drive become unavailable, and occur at a high rate in both hard disk drives and solid state drives. The data in the affected sectors can only be recovered through external forms of redundancy (e.g. another drive in the same RAID), and be lost if the error is encountered while the system operates in degraded mode, e.g. during RAID reconstruction. In this paper, we explore a range of different machine learning techniques and show that sector errors can be predicted ahead of time with high accuracy. Prediction is robust, even when only little training data or only training data for a different drive model is available. We also discuss a number of possible use cases for improving storage system reliability through the use of sector error predictors. We evaluate one such use case in detail: We show that the mean time to detecting errors (and hence the window of vulnerability to data loss) can be greatly reduced by adapting the speed of a scrubber based on error predictions.
Food Insecurity and Coping Strategies by Micro Growers in Punjab, Pakistan

This study investigates the coping strategies adopted by small farming households in Punjab province of Pakistan and also finds the relationship among coping strategies and socioeconomic factors of households. Primary data was collected from Punjab province and simple descriptive and spearmen’s correlation was used to elaborate the results. The results shows that in the study area, coping strategies like borrowing from friends, stick to simple food, reduce expenditures on health, reduce expenditures on education, adult skips a meal and selling assets are used to overcome the food insecurity situation. The correlation between coping strategies used and socioeconomic factors revealed that age of the household head, household size and earning members in the households decides the adoption of coping strategy to cope with food security. In the end, a better work environment should be provided to enhance household earnings, off farm employment opportunities to cope with food insecurity situation.
The Effect of Human Resource Management High Performance Work Practices on Organisational Outcomes: A Sri Lankan Perspective

High performance work practices (HPWPs) in human resource management (HRM) are practices considered to contribute to higher levels of employee performance and organisational productivity. They may be implemented through a best practice (universalistic), best fit (contingent) or integrated bundling (configurational) strategy. This study explores the extent to which the level of adoption of HPWPs in HRM in Sri Lankan organisations influences selected measures of performance outcomes covering a broad spectrum of divisions, hierarchical levels and processes, including those reflecting the effectiveness of the HRM strategy. In addition, the relationship between seven groups of HPWPs and the selected performance outcomes are researched. The findings add support to existing research in a number of countries linking HPWP adoption with improved levels of performance outcomes. Although HPWPs influence some outcomes positively they also may have negative effects upon others. The results have indicated which practices most significantly impact upon different outcomes thereby providing organisational decision makers with a guide as to how HPWPs can be employed most effectively to achieve organisational objectives.
Characterization of hepatitis B virus capsid particle assembly in Xenopus oocytes

Little is known about the assembly of the 28-nm nucleocapsid or core particle of hepatitis B virus. Here we show that this assembly process can be reconstituted in Xenopus oocytes injected with a synthetic mRNA encoding the hepatitis B virus capsid protein (p21.5). Injected oocytes produce both a nonparticulate p21.5 species (free p21.5) and capsid particles. We describe rapid and simple methods for fractionating these species on a small scale either with step gradients of 10 to 60% (wt/vol) sucrose or by centrifugation to pellet the particles, and we characterize the oocyte core particles. Free p21.5 exhibits chemical and physical properties distinctly different from those of particles. Free p21.5 is partially cleaved by proteinase K, whereas core particles are almost completely resistant to cleavage. This suggests that the carboxyl-terminal protamine region, the main target for proteases within p21.5, is exposed in free p21.5 but faces the interior of the p21.5 core particle. Finally, pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that free p21.5 can be chased almost quantitatively into core particles, establishing that free p21.5 is fully competent to form particles and represents an assembly intermediate on the pathway for core particle formation. However, core particle assembly appears very dependent on p21.5 concentration and is rapidly compromised if the p21.5 concentration is lowered. The advantages of oocytes for studying assembly are discussed.
The Business of Football: Image Management in Narrative Communication

No responsibility for loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of any material in this publication can be accepted by the author or publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. The Research Committee applies a rigorous refereeing process to all stages of its research reports. The refereeing process operates by sending the initial research proposal to two independent referees (one academic and one practitioner). The academic referee will either be a member of the Panel listed below or an ad hoc referee. All proposals are also reviewed by the Director of Research who remains in close contact with the project. The two referees are consulted on the academic and technical standard of the draft research report. In particular, they are asked to comment on: • the academic rigour of the document; • the validity of the approach taken in the report; • whether the presentation of the report identifies the key issues and brings these to the attention of the intended reader; and • whether the document will add to the knowledge and understanding of the interested reader. FOREWORD " Some people believe football is a matter of life and death. I'm very disappointed with that attitude. I can assure you it's much, much more important than that. " So said the great football manager Bill Shankly many years ago. While this may or may not be true, one thing that can definitely be said about football is that it has changed significantly over the past few years. Few fans twenty years ago could have imagined that football would have become the multi-million pound business which it is today. Football related stories are now as likely to appear in the main section of the Financial Times as on that newspaper's sports page, and to be of interest to the business community generally rather than just to fans of the clubs involved. However, not everything in the football garden is rosy from a business perspective. In spite of the vast sums of money mentioned in connection with the game, many clubs are now in dire straits financially with 25% of the Scottish Premier League clubs spending at least part of season 2003/04 in administration. …
Motorcycle helmet use in Mar del Plata, Argentina: prevalence and associated factors

Injuries resulting from motorcycle crashes constitute a growing problem in Argentina and other Latin American countries. The problem is aggravated because helmet use is not widespread. This observational study analysed the prevalence of helmet use and related factors in a city in Argentina. The sample consisted of 2542 observations of motorcyclists. The results show an incidence of helmet use of 69.8% for drives and 43.4% for passengers. Helmet use was greater among women. Environmental and temporal conditions were related with the rate of helmet use. The findings indicate a considerable increase in helmet use with respect to prior years, providing evidence in favour of government policies. However, the number of motorcycles in circulation has tripled in the past five years, and therefore, the public health impact of injuries due to motorcycle crashes persists.
Psychological Distress after a Diagnosis of Malignant Mesothelioma in a Group of Patients and Caregivers at the National Priority Contaminated Site of Casale Monferrato

Background: Patients of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and their caregivers face significant physical and psychological challenges. The purpose of the present study is to examine the emotional impact after the diagnosis of MM in a group of patients and familial caregivers in a National Priority Contaminated Site (NPCS). Methods: A sample of 108 patients and 94 caregivers received a sociodemographic/clinical questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Davidson Trauma Scale, the Coping Orientation to the Problems Experienced—New Italian Version, and the Defense style questionnaire. The risk of depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in relation to the strategies of coping and defense mechanisms was estimated in patients and caregivers separately by logistic regression models. Results: For patients, a high risk of depression was associated with high usage of Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) Isolation (OR: 53.33; 95% CI: 3.22–882.30; p = 0.01) and DSQ Somatization (OR: 16.97; 95% CI: 1.04–275.90; p = 0.05). Other significant risks emerged for some coping strategies and some defenses regarding both depression and trauma in patients and caregivers. Conclusions: This research suggests that for both patients and caregivers unconscious adaptive processes have a central role in dealing with overwhelming feelings related to the disease.
From problems to critical success factors of enterprise architecture adoption

Seppänen, Ville From Problems to Critical Success Factors of Enterprise Architecture Adoption Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2014, 249 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Computing ISSN 1456-5390; 201) ISBN 978-951-39-5940-1 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5941-8 (PDF) Finnish Summary Diss. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are one of the key vehicles in enabling the reform of public administration. Public organizations have introduced enterprise architecture (EA) methods to manage their ICT assets and to improve the quality, efficiency and interoperability of public services. In Finland, the Act on Information Management Governance in Public Administration, making the use of EA mandatory for the central and local government institutions, was enacted in late 2011. For the present, however, concrete results from EA efforts are moderate. Most of the public organizations are still struggling with the adoption of this new policy. Not many studies of the problems, or the critical success factors (CSF) of EA adoption process can be found, even though this understanding is essential in enabling any later stages of the EA life cycle. The goal of our research was first, to identify the problems that organizations encounter while adopting EA and then, by analyzing these problems, to develop a model of CSFs of EA introduction for public organizations. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected over the span of several years, using different techniques in a triangulation setting. Grounded theory (GT) was used as an approach for the data collection and analysis. GT allowed us to inductively develop an empirically grounded theoretical model about this substantive area that lacks previous studies. The result, the proposed “3D” model characterizes the critical problems in relation to the classes of CSFs. This raises the argument that the CSFs of EA adoption must be of dynamic nature. The detailed content of the CSF are specific to an organizational environment. They are also interrelated, and a strong CSF can be exploited to reinforce the weaker ones. The research contributes to the theoretical bodies of knowledge of EA and CSFs of organizational change invoked by ICT developments. It also suggests how the current capabilities of an organization can be turned into drivers of successful EA adoption. Therefore, the results are of interest to researchers, as well as practitioners.
Life satisfaction, income and personality theory

Neuroticism is responsible for the decline of happiness with high income and its increase for lower incomes in both SOEP and BHPS datasets. We suggest that the effect is due to the psychological cost of the gap between aspiration and realized income. High income individuals fail to meet expectation, this explains lower increase or decrease of life satisfaction for highly neurotic individuals for higher income levels. Data show a hump-shaped relation between income and life satisfaction, with a bliss point between 250-300K 2005 USD. For highly neurotic this peak occurs at lower income, and disappears for non neurotic individuals.
Modelling home advantage in the Summer Olympic Games

Home advantage in team games is well proven and the influence of the crowd upon officials' decisions has been identified as a plausible cause. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of home advantage for five event groups selected from the Summer Olympic Games between 1896 and 1996, and put home advantage in team games in context with other sports. The five event groups were athletics and weightlifting (predominantly objectively judged), boxing and gymnastics (predominantly subjectively judged) and team games (involving subjective decisions). The proportion of points won was analysed as a binomial response variable using generalized linear interactive modelling. Preliminary exploration of the data highlighted the need to control for the proportion of competitors entered and to split the analysis pre- and post-war. Highly significant home advantage was found in event groups that were either subjectively judged or rely on subjective decisions. In contrast, little or no home advantage (and even away advantage) was observed for the two objectively judged groups. Officiating system was vital to both the existence and extent of home advantage. Our findings suggest that crowd noise has a greater influence upon officials' decisions than players' performances, as events with greater officiating input enjoyed significantly greater home advantage.
Short running title : young women ’ s attitudes towards hormonal contraception and menstrual regulation

Background: Irregular bleeding is one of the most common side-effects of hormonal contraception and a key reason for the discontinuation of hormonal methods. Study Design: A qualitative study in which twelve young women were interviewed in-depth, along with six focus group discussions. The study had two main research objectives: to document and investigate what young women think and feel about menstruation and contraception, and to explore young women’s preferences regarding the intersection of contraceptives and bleeding patterns. Results: Although participants held a broad view that menstruation can be an inconvenience, they did ascribe positive values to having a regular bleed. Bleeding was seen as a signifier of non-pregnancy and also an innate part of being a woman. A preference for a ‘natural’ menstruating body was a strong theme, and the idea of selecting a hormonal contraceptive that might stop the bleeding was not popular, unless the young woman suffered with painful natural menstruation. Contraceptives that mimicked the menstrual cycle were acceptable to most suggesting that cyclic bleeding still holds a symbolic function for women. Conclusions: When counselling young women about the effect of different contraceptive modalities on their bleeding, practitioners should explore how the women feel about their bleeding, including how they might feel if their bleeding stopped or if they experienced erratic bleeding patterns. Practitioners also need to recognise the subjective understanding
Do Bad Boards Allow Bad Acquisitions?

A large proportion of acquisitions results in shareholder wealth destruction. This study examines who is responsible for allowing bad acquisitions. Using a sample of 349 tax-free, stock-for-stock, pooling acquisitions over 1993-2001, the announcement period abnormal returns of acquirers are found to be negatively associated with weak corporate governance, e.g., staggered boards, infrequent board meetings and a single person serving as both the CEO and chairman. The presence of external stakeholders also influences announcement returns, which are positively associated with larger debt and stock ownership by trust funds. The presence of external monitors continues to be associated with superior performance in the long run, whereas the role of the board appears to diminish. Overall, the results indicate that active boards, stronger governance structures and external monitors are associated with value-enhancing acquisitions. In contrast, weak boards, dominant management and the absence of external monitoring appear to allow bad acquisitions to occur.
Bupropion for Interferon-Alpha-Induced Depression in Patients with Hepatitis C Viral Infection: An Open-Label Study

Interferon (IFN)-α therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequently associated with major depressive episodes. Bupropion, a commonly used antidepressant agent, has recently found to have strong anti-inflammatory effects in animal models. Despite of the theoretical relevancy, the antidepressant effect of bupropion in IFN-alpha-induced depression has never been studied. Ten HCV patients with IFN-α-induced depression were recruited to receive 8-week bupropion treatment and were assessed every 2 weeks for depressive symptoms by the Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD) and somatic symptoms by the Neurotoxicity Rating Scale (NRS). Four of the 10 patients met the criteria for remission (total HAMD scores≤7), and 5 patients met the criteria for response (at least 50% reduction in total HAMD scores). In addition, 5 patients had 50% decreases in NRS for neuropsychiatric symptoms. This preliminary open-label study suggests that bupropion is effective in treating IFN-alpha-induced depressive and somatic symptoms.
Optimal Monetary Policy with Counter-Cyclical Credit Spreads

We study optimal monetary policy in a New Keynesian-DSGE model where the combination of a credit channel and customer-market features in banking gives rise to counter-cyclical credit spreads. In our setting, monopolistically competitive banks set lending rates in a forward-looking fashion as they internalize the fact that, due to borrowers. bank-specific (hence deep) habits, current interest rates also affect the future demand for loans by financially constrained. In particular, during a phase of economic expansion, banks might find it optimal to lower current lending rates to build up a larger customer base, which will be locked into a long-term relationship. The resulting counter-cyclicality of credit spreads makes optimal monetary policy depart substantially from the efficient allocation (and hence from price stability), under both discretion and commitment. Our analysis shows that the welfare costs of setting monetary policy under discretion (with respect to the optimal Ramsey plan) and of using simpler sub-optimal policy rules are strictly increasing in the magnitude of deep habits in credit markets and market power in banking.
Long-term outcomes after critical illness

Critical illness is a severe and generalized monophasic event, and it is likely that there will be evidence of compromised reserve in all end organs if one looks hard enough for it. The crucial issues are to understand which end organs are the most vulnerable to this insult, in which organ systems the incremental disability is of the most functional consequence, and how to design an effective intervention to ameliorate the dysfunction. The long-term morbidity in survivors of critical illness is likely multifactorial. Studies of survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have shown that there are both long-term physical and neuropsychological consequences of severe illness. We need to gain a better understanding of the specific determinants of patients' inability to resume their prior work/lifestyle so that an appropriate multidisciplinary intervention can be designed and tested.