Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source–sink turbulence in a rotating stratified fluid

In a recent paper Boubnov, Dalziel & Linden (1994) described the response of a stratified fluid to forcing produced by an array of sources and sinks. The sources and sinks were located in a horizontal plane and the flow from the sources was directed horizontally so that fluid was withdrawn from, and re-injected at, its own density level. As a result vertical vorticity was imparted to the fluid with a minimum of vertical mixing. It was found that when the stratification was strong enough to suppress vertical motions an inverse energy cascade was observed leading to the establishment of a large-scale circulation in the fluid. Those experiments were restricted to eight source-sink pairs. The present paper extends this work in two ways. First, up to forty source-sink pairs are used to force the flow, thereby producing a much wider separation of scales between the forcing and the flow domain. An inverse cascade is again found, but in this case the energy transfer to large scales is more rapid. The basic pattern of the large-scale flow is independent of the number of sources but the detailed structure depends on the energy input scale. Second, the effects of rotation about a vertical axis are investigated. It is found that when the Rossby deformation radius exceeds the size of the flow domain, the inverse energy cascade still occurs. However, for smaller values of the deformation scale, which in these experiments are comparable to or smaller than the forcing scale, the inverse cascade is altered by baroclinic instability. When flow structures develop on a scale larger than the deformation scale, usually by the merging of vortices of like sign, these structures are observed to split into smaller vortices of a scale comparable to the deformation scale. The flow appears to evolve with a balance between an anticascade produced by the two-dimensionality of the flow and a cascade due to baroclinic instability. For Rossby radii much smaller than the domain size the flow evolves into finite clumps of vorticity and an asymmetry between anticyclones and cyclones develops. A predominance of coherent anticyclones is observed, and the cyclonic vorticity is contained in more diffuse structures.
The Farsighted Stable Set

Harsanyi (1974) criticized the von Neumann–Morgenstern (vNM) stable set for its presumption that coalitions are myopic about their prospects. He proposed a new dominance relation incorporating farsightedness, but retained another feature of the stable set: that a coalition S can impose any imputation as long as its restriction to S is feasible for it. This implicitly gives an objecting coalition complete power to arrange the payoffs of players elsewhere, which is clearly unsatisfactory. While this assumption is largely innocuous for myopic dominance, it is of crucial significance for its farsighted counterpart. Our modification of the Harsanyi set respects “coalitional sovereignty. ” The resulting farsighted stable set is very different from both the Harsanyi and the vNM sets. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a farsighted stable set containing just a single-payoff allocation. This condition roughly establishes an equivalence between core allocations and the union of allocations over all single-payoff farsighted stable sets. We then conduct a comprehensive analysis of the existence and structure of farsighted stable sets in simple games. This last exercise throws light on both single-payoff and multi-payoff stable sets, and suggests that they do not coexist.
Structural Investigations of Nitrogen-Doped Niobium for Superconducting RF Cavities

Niobium is the standard material for superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. Superconducting materials with higher critical temperature or higher critical magnetic field allow cavities to work at higher operating temperatures or higher accelerating fields, respectively. Enhancing the surface properties of the superconducting material in the range of the penetration depth is also beneficial. One direction of search for new materials with better properties is the modification of bulk niobium by nitrogen doping. In the Nb-N phase diagram the cubic δ- phase of NbN has the highest critical temperature (16 K). Already slight nitrogen doping of the α-Nb phase results in higher quality factors. Nb samples were processed in the refurbished UHV furnace at IKP Darmstadt. The first results on the structural investigations of the processed Nb samples at the Materials Research Department of TU Darmstadt are presented.
"Why" in agrammatic aphasia: evidence from Galician and Catalan

Problems in the production of complex structures by agrammatic subjects have been documented for many languages (Menn and Obler 1990, Friedmann 2001). To provide further evidence, the present paper aims to characterize the abnormal behavior of yes/no questions in Catalan and Galician by means of a elicited production task run with 10 mild agrammatic speakers (five per language group). Departing from the assumption of a structural account, the Tree-Pruning Hypothesis (Friedmann 1994ss, Friedmann and Grodzinsky 1997ss), attention is focused on the production of why questions as a substitution strategy for yes/no. According to Rizzi (2001), the interrogative element why is first merged in Int, a position higher than and different from other whoperators. To enter in competition with yes/no questions, it seems plausible that both why and the null operator in y/n questions (Suner 1994) should occupy the same position in the syntactic representation. Since yes/no questions have been found to be better preserved than whquestions (Martinez-Ferreiro, this volume), this observation provides further evidence that structural position is not enough to account for the findings. We will try to show that a combination of factors (including nature of the relevant elements) is at play in agrammatic deficits.
VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY UNDER IRRIGATION AND SOIL MULCHES FOR DIFFERENT CULTIVATION ENVIRONMENTS

The vegetative growth and yield of strawberry in relation to irrigation levels and soil mulches are still not well known, mainly for different environmental conditions. Two experiments were carried out in Atibaia, SP, Brazil, during 1995, one in a protected environment and the other in an open field, to evaluate the cultivar Campinas IAC-2712, under different irrigation levels and soil mulches (black and clear polyethylene). Three water potential levels in the soil were used in order to define irrigation time, corresponding to -0.010 (N1), -0.035 (N2), and -0.070 (N3) MPa, measured through tensiometers installed at the 10 cm depth. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was adopted, as randomized complete block, with 5 replicates. In the protected cultivation, the irrigation levels of -0.010 and -0.035 MPa and the clear plastic mulch favored the vegetative growth, evaluated through plant height, maximum horizontal dimension of the plant, leaf area index, as well as by total marketable fruit yield and its components (mean number and weight of fruits per plant). In the open field cultivation, no effect of treatments due to rainfall were observed.
The Correlation between Medical Students’ Scores in their Physiopathology and Clinical Courses in Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Background and Purpose : The relation of comprehensive exams scores and other measures of students’ performance has been of great importance. This study is an attempt to assess the associations between medical students’ scores in physiopathology and clinical courses and to compare these scores with their scores in the comprehensive exams. Methods : Medical students’ scores in their courses and also in their comprehensive exam in six consecutive years were collected. Using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression, we assessed the associations between students’ scores and their personal characteristics, and the consistency between theoretical and practical courses. In addition, we computed difficulty and discrimination indices of students’ scores in their courses by comparing these scores with comprehensive clinical exam (CPE). Results : A total of 481 students’ score were included. Females and younger students score higher. CPE were predicted by students’ scores and their characteristics rather accurately with the adjusted R 2 of 0.59. Students’ scores in pathology and in thesis had the highest and lowest discrimination indices, while the difficulties of these two courses were in reverse order. The strongest association was observed between theoretical and practical scores in internal medicine while the associations between theoretical and practical scores in the other courses were not strong although all of them were statistically significant. Conclusions : Using this approach to explore the students’ score, might highlight the weak points of current educational system. For example we found that the students’ score in thesis had the lowest association; although students obtained very high score in this course. Using our method with scores of students in other medical schools may provide better understanding of medical students performance’s relation with countrywide comprehensive exam. Key words : M EDICAL E DUCATION , I RAN , V ALIDITY , D IFFICULTY INDEX , D ISCRIMINATION INDEX Journal of Medical Education Fall 2006; 10(1); 11-17
Evidence on the Impact of Internal Control and Corporate Governance on Audit Fees

Previous studies generally suggest that internal control and external auditing can substitute for each other, so that better internal control will be associated with lower audit fees. However, their empirical results do not support this view. In contrast, previous studies of the interaction between corporate governance and external audit services often assume that they are complementary, and that improved governance is associated with higher audit fees, although the evidence about this issue is also mixed. We examine whether the ‘substitution’ or ‘complementary controls’ views apply. We find that measures of internal auditing, corporate governance, and concentration of ownership are all positively related to audit fees, consistent with the explanation that controls are complementary. The study makes a contribution by assisting regulators in understanding the effects of regulation of corporate governance, and by showing auditors and auditing standard setters that the view that internal controls can substitute for external auditing may not be helpful. We also find that these relationships hold only in a relatively less-regulated environment.
fERTILITY POTENTIAL Of RABBIT BUCKS fED MAIZE-BASED DIETS CONTAINING GRADED LEVELS Of fUMONISIN B1

Fumonisin B1-contaminated maize-based diets have been reported to be mycotoxic in animal species, yet more validated data and biomarkers are needed. In this study, Fumonisin B1 (FB1) infected yellow-maize was used to formulate Diets 1, 2 and 3, containing 1 700, 1 800 and 1 900 μg FB1/kg diet, respectively. Sixty sexually matured bucks and does were used, but only the bucks were fed the FB1contaminated diets for 8 wk. At the end of the feeding trial, the treated bucks were mated to the dry does that were fed FB1-free yellow maize-based diet. Effects on testis and live weight, feed utilisation, conception rate, embryo development and spermatozoa production per gram testis were monitored. Results indicated significant depression (P<0.05) in feed intake, from 546.77±12.09 in Diet 1 to 509.84±21.98 g/wk in Diet 3. Weight gain was drastically reduced (P<0.05) from 34.13±9.32 in Diet 1 to 20.38±22.13 g/wk in Diet 3. Meanwhile, some of the untreated does were pregnant in all the treatments, indicating that FB1 concentration at 2.0 mg/kg diet may not be spermaticidal and there were no abnormalities in the embryos. It was observed that the paired testis weight value in Diet 1 (3.06±0.31 g) was not significantly different (P>0.05) from that of Diet 3 (2.94±0.23 g). The testicular elements were distorted by the dietary FB1, but did not follow a definite pattern. Consequently, FB1 concentration <2.0 mg/kg diet may not affect the fertility potentials of bucks orally dosed for a relatively short period. This observation further elucidates earlier discoveries that FB1 is not a reproductive toxicant.
An evaluation of health related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: To determine Health Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL) profiles of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: Ambulatory out-patient clinics of Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), a public national referral hospital. Subjects: Of the 180 patients interviewed and examined, 60 met the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) diagnostic criteria for RA. Results: Of the 60 patients recruited, 58% of study patients had physical component HRQOL scores ranging from poor to fair, compared to 65% who had mental component HRQOL scores ranging from good to very good. Both physical and mental health HRQOL summary scores showed significant negative correlations with disease activity (DAS-28) scores (p< 0.001 for both) among the study patients. The HRQOL physical health summary scores were significantly better in the 28 study patients who were on treatment with at least one DMARD (mean score 67.25 ± 18.17) than in the other 28 study patients who had not been on DMARD therapy (mean score 53.93 ± 18.55), p = 0.008. The trend was similar but less prominent with mental health QOL summary scores, with means of 75.11 ± 19.19 with DMARDs, and 62.29 ± 21.85 without DMARDs (p = 0.034). There was a significant association between consistency of treatment with any drug and QOL physical health summary scores, with mean score for patients consistently on treatment (65.16 ± 19.26) being much better than for those on intermittent drug treatment (50.94 ± 16.27), p = 0.009. These associations were similar for QOL mental health summary scores but did not reach significance. Conclusions: In this population of ambulatory patients with RA, physical component HRQOL ranged from poor to fair, while mental component HRQOL ranged from good to very good in the majority of patients. Severity of disease showed a strong negative association with HRQOL among the study patients, while DMARD therapy and adherence to drug treatment showed a positive association with HRQOL. Improved and better adherence to DMARD therapy with resultant decrease in disease activity is likely to result in improved HRQOL in this population of patients with RA.
Inhibition of Copper Corrosion in H2SO4, NaCl and NaOH Solutions by Citrullus colocynthis Fruits Extract

The inhibitive effect of extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruits on copper corrosion in H 2 SO 4 , NaCl and NaOH solutions were studied using conventional weight loss and electrochemical polarization methods. Results obtained showed that extract functioned as effective and excellent inhibitors in the acidic, salt and alkaline media. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that the plants extracts behave as mixed-type inhibitors. The fruit extract of Citrullus colocynthis demonstrated better inhibition efficiency in the acidic medium than in the alkaline and salt medium. The experimental data complied with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the value and sign of the Gibb’s free energy of adsorption obtained suggested that inhibitor molecules have been spontaneously adsorbed onto the copper surface through a physical adsorption mechanism. Keyword s : Copper inhibition, kinetics, plant ex, Corrosion tract, Langmuir, weight loss, and thermodynamics.
Allelopathic effects of Fimbristylis miliacea on the physiological activities of five Malaysian rice varieties

Fimbristylis miliacea, a sedge having allelopathic potential is a dominant weed in the rice fields. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate the allelopathic effects of F. miliacea on the physiological activities of five Malaysian rice varieties namely MR211, MRQ74, MR220, MR84 and MR232. The allelopathic effects of F. miliacea were assessed based on the chlorophyll and melondialdehyde (MDA) content, the activity of antioxidant enzymes namely catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) of the rice seedlings, because physiological activities are hindered by allelopathy. Three concentrations of the aqueous extract of the weed (12.5 gl-1, 25 gl-1 and 50 gl-1) and weed debris (5, 10 and 20 g dry debris / 1000 g soil) were used in the experiments carried out in the laboratory and green house, respectively. Among the rice varieties tested, it was observed that the MDA content of MRQ74 increased with increasing concentrations of the aqueous extract. The chlorophyll content of MRQ74 showed the highest reduction (64.5% of the control) in the presence of F. miliacea debris compared to that of the other four varieties, indicating the susceptibility of the rice variety to weed allelopathy. The results showed that there was an imbalance in the activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the rice seedlings due to the allelopathic effect of the weed species. The mitotic index of onion root treated with F. miliacea aqueous extract decreased compared to that of the control. The results clearly showed that F. miliacea has definite allelopathic effects on the rice variety, MRQ74 (compared to the other varieties tested).
Screening of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes for yellow mosaic virus (YMV) disease resistance and their molecular characterization using RGA and SSRs markers.

Yellow mosaic virus (YMV) is a major disease of soybean, which can cause up to 80 % yield loss in severe cases. Chemical or cultural control of YMV is neither economical nor environment-friendly. Deployment of genetic resistance is considered to be the effective way to control it. Therefore, present study was conducted to identify stable sources of resistance for YMV disease, and their molecular characterization. A 500 soybean germplasm lines, collected from different parts of the world were screened for YMV disease reaction at YMV hotspot consecutively for 3 years (2007-09). It could identify 96 genotypes, comprising 48 each of resistant and susceptible genotypes that showed stable disease reactions over the years. Soybean ‘R’ gene-based primer pair linked with YMV variation in Vigna mungo failed to differentiate the YMV resistant and susceptible soybean genotypes. Genetic diversity panel of the 96 soybean genotypes was analyzed with 121 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, of which 97 were polymorphic (80.16% polymorphism). Total of 286 normal and 90 rare alleles were detected, with a mean of 2.36 and 0.74 alleles per locus, respectively. The mean of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.32, which ranged from 0.06 to 0.75. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into three major clusters which were further sub-grouped into 6 sub-clusters. Patterns of grouping were supported by the principal component analysis (PCA). The pair-wise genetic similarity values as calculated by Jaccard’s coefficients, ranged from 0.39 to 0.95 with an overall mean of 0.65. The findings of the study thus strongly indicated the need for broadening the genetic base of the present Indian soybean cultivars, and also suggested the use of exotic collections that were found resistant to YMV for genetic enhancement of soybean.
The populationconditionandavailability of feed ofcuscusinthe Arfak Mountain Nature Reserve,West Papua

Sinery AS, Boer C, Farida WR. 2012. The population condition and availability of feed of cuscus in the Arfak Mountain Nature Reserve, West Papua. Biodiversitas 13: 86-91. The cuscus is a pouched marsupial grouped in the Phalangeridae family, which is nocturnal, arboreal, herbivore, and in most cases the tail is prehensile. The animals are legally protected due to low reproduction, limited distribution area, and high rate of illegal hunting. The illegal hunting happened not only in the production forest areas but also in the reserve areas such as Nature Reserve of Arfak Mountain, directly or indirectly, affects the life quality of the ecosystem, mainly cuscuses population. Therefore, it is necessary to do efforts to have a better management of the region to ensure the sustenance of many components in it. This research is aimed to know the population density of cuscus in Arfak Mountain Nature Reserve and carried out for two months. The method used was descriptive by using direct and indirect observation. The result shows that cuscuses existing in the Arfak Mountain conservation area were northern common cuscus (Phalanger orientalis), ground cuscus (Phalanger gymnotis) and common spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus). The biggest individual number is of P. orientalis with 39 individuals consisting of 18 males and 21 females, the second is of P. gymnotis with 10 individuals consisting of 4 males and 6 females, and the smallest is of S. maculatus with 9 individuals consisting of 4 males and 5 females. From the total of 58 cuscuses, there are 38 adult and 20 young cuscuses. There are 20 forest plant species identified as feed resources of cuscus in Arfak Mountain Nature Reserve. The parts of forest plant consumed by cuscus are fruits and young leaves. P. gymnotis also consumes small insects such as grasshopper. The cuscuses spread from lowland forest to highland forest (2,900 m asl)
First year sprouting and growth dynamics in response to prescribed fire in a mesic mixed-oak forest

Prescribed fire is being used more frequently as a component of regeneration treatments in accordance with silvicultural guidelines developed to sustain and increase oak reproduction. A shelterwoodburn study was initiated in response to declining oak importance in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia. To remove a non-oak midstory, the study site was prescribe burned twice preceding the first removal cut of a two-cut shelterwood regeneration method that occurred in 2009/2010. A third burn occurred in April 2014 to mitigate the development of non-oak species that dominated the site four years after the seed cut. First year results indicate that northern red oak (Quercus rubra) survived at a higher rate than red maple (Acer rubrum), sweet birch (Betula lenta), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), and the differences were more apparent in smaller pre-burn size classes. By contrast, differences in growth rates were significant in larger pre-burn size classes, but not in smaller size classes.
Examining the Impact of Lean Practices on Flexibility Performance: The Moderating Effect of Environmental Dynamism

This paper examined the effects of four core and internal lean practices on flexibility performance in Jordanian manufacturing companies. Lean practices included setup time reduction, continuous improvement, synchronization of operations, and pull system. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 157 manufacturing companies from different industry types. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that lean production posively and significantly affected flexibility performance. All lean practices proved to be positively and significantly related to flexibility performance. The most contributing lean practice was synchronization of operations followed by pull system and continuous improvement. The moderating effect of environmental dynamism was also examined. The results of the interaction terms showed that environmental dynamism positively and significantly moderated the relationship between synchronization of operations and flexibility performance. The findings of this study highlighted the important role of synchronization of operations, a widely neglected lean practice in the literature, in improving flexibility performance. Additionally, we contributed to the controversial issue in the literature concerning the impact of lean production on performance in a dynamic environment.