Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxidation products promote secondary organic aerosol formation from green leaf volatiles

Abstract. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are an important group of chemicals released by vegetation which have emission fluxes that can be significantly increased when plants are damaged or stressed. A series of simulation chamber experiments has been conducted at the European Photoreactor in Valencia, Spain, to investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the atmospheric oxidation of the major GLVs cis-3-hexenylacetate and cis-3-hexen-1-ol. Liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry was used to identify chemical species present in the SOA. Cis-3-hexen-1-ol proved to be a more efficient SOA precursor due to the high reactivity of its first generation oxidation product, 3-hydroxypropanal, which can hydrate and undergo further reactions with other aldehydes resulting in SOA dominated by higher molecular weight oligomers. The lower SOA yields produced from cis-3-hexenylacetate are attributed to the acetate functionality, which inhibits oligomer formation in the particle phase. Based on observed SOA yields and best estimates of global emissions, these compounds may be calculated to be a substantial unidentified global source of SOA, contributing 1–5 TgC yr−1, equivalent to around a third of that predicted from isoprene. Molecular characterization of the SOA, combined with organic mechanistic information, has provided evidence that the formation of organic aerosols from GLVs is closely related to the reactivity of their first generation atmospheric oxidation products, and indicates that this may be a simple parameter that could be used in assessing the aerosol formation potential for other unstudied organic compounds in the atmosphere.
Origins of Saturn's Auroral Emissions and their Relationship to Large-Scale Magnetosphere Dynamics

Auroral Phenomen Other Planets Geophysical Mon © 2012. American 10.1029/2011GM In this review article, we discuss recent observations of Saturn’s dynamic aurora and how these relate to large-scale current systems within the magnetosphere. We first discuss the driving mechanism of the main auroral oval in terms of a theoretical framework that takes into account both plasma subcorotation associated with mass loading in the magnetosphere and the solar wind interaction. We compare the expected field-aligned current systems from that model with images of the aurora and from in situ measurements of the high-latitude current systems measured by Cassini. We identify open questions relating to the origin and modulation of the auroral current system.
The Health Benefits of Urban Nature: How Much Do We Need?

Over 30 years of research has shown that urban nature is a promising tool for enhancing the physical, psychological, and social well-being of the world's growing urban population. However, little is known about the type and amount of nature people require in order to receive different health benefits, preventing the development of recommendations for minimum levels of exposure and targeted city planning guidelines for public health outcomes. Dose–response modelling, when a dose of nature is modeled against a health response, could provide a key method for addressing this knowledge gap. In this overview, we explore how “nature dose” and health response have been conceptualized and examine the evidence for different shapes of dose–response curves. We highlight the crucial need to move beyond simplistic measures of nature dose to understand how urban nature can be manipulated to enhance human health.
LOSS OF DRY MATTER IN GRAIN CORN STORED UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS AND EFFECTS ON QUALITY

The corn is the most used raw materials in the diets of animals and also for human consumption. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the loss of dry matter of corn stored in climate chambers under different conditions of temperature and relative humidity (10 °C and 90% RH, 30 °C and 40% RH). The experiment was conducted in the area of ​​ Pre-Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Federal University of Vicosa, MG, Brazil. The grains of corn (Zea mays L.) were stored in bags and chambers, in a completely randomized factorial (2x2x5), two types of corn (quality and deteriorated), two temperatures and relative humidity of storage (10% and 90 0 C, 30 0 C and 40%) and five storage times (zero, three, six, nine and twelve month). A total 4,000 kg of corn was used, divided into four lots of 1,000 kilograms. The following results were obtained: corn deteriorated showed higher dry matter losses during the storage time, the conditions of 10 °C and 90% RH air influence on the loss of dry matter, the physical quality of corn grain was lower for the conditions of 30 °C and 90% RH air, when we obtained lower dry matter losses, the microbiological was directly influenced by the loss of dry matter of corn. It was concluded that, irrespective of the loss of dry matter of corn, product quality was reduced from three months of storage, being the worst results for the conditions of 10 °C and 90% RH in air and corn deteriorated.
INTEGARATION OF INNOVATIONS IN BACKYARD POULTRY REARING FOR EMPOWERING RURAL WOMEN

The present study analyses the impact of a DBT scheme on the productivity of the backyard poultry, knowledge improvement of women respondents on poultry rearing and their perception of improved empowerment. Two hindered beneficiaries were personally interviewed using a questionnaire. It was found that there is considerable increase in hatching per cent, egg yield, and body weight gain in kg/year (Female and male). Study on the knowledge level of the beneficiaries on the selected backyard poultry production technologies revealed that the increase in knowledge level ranges from 79.75 per cent to 22.66 per cent. The productivity performance of backyard poultry Knowledge level of beneficiaries on backyard poultry production technology and perception on empowerment have clearly shown that the project had a significant impact towards socio-economic development of the rural women folk.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus in a tertiary institution in North Western Nigeria

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. The study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HBV infection and the possible potential risk factors among students of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and August, 2013. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain socio demographic data and possible risk factors that might be associated with the viral infection. Blood samples were collected at the University Health Services (UHS) from 600 consenting consecutive students aged between 16 and 40 years old. The sera were screened for HBsAg using device kit and anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc using one-step cassette style diagnostic kits. Reactive sera for HBsAg were further confirmed using ELISA kits. Of the 600 students tested for HBsAg, 9.2% (55/600) tested positive among which, none had detectable anti-HBs antibodies, indicating recent infection. About 7.3, 36.4 and 94.5% were positive for HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc respectively. There was a significant association between age group, gender, family history of the students and HBV infection (P=0.016, 0.049 and 0.000, respectively). Other risk factors studied were not significantly associated with the viral infection. The seroprevalence of 9.2% for HBsAg obtained in this study indicates high endemicity according to WHO classification. Four of the students were highly infectious. The study indicates that close contact among family members and economic disadvantages of some of the students might be predisposing factors to the infection. More than half of the students were ignorant about HBV. Key words: HBsAg, Anti-HBs, HBeAg, Anti-HBe, Anti-HBc, prevalence.
ENERGY DISSIPATION PROCESSES IN SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE

Turbulence is a chaotic flow regime filled by irregular flows. The dissipation of turbulence is a fundamental problem in the realm of physics. Theoretically, dissipation ultimately cannot be achieved without collisions, and so how turbulent kinetic energy is dissipated in the nearly collisionless solar wind is a challenging problem. Wave particle interactions and magnetic reconnection (MR) are two possible dissipation mechanisms, but which mechanism dominates is still a controversial topic. Here we analyze the dissipation region scaling around a solar wind MR region. We find that the MR region shows unique multifractal scaling in the dissipation range, while the ambient solar wind turbulence reveals a monofractal dissipation process for most of the time. These results provide the first observational evidences for intermittent multifractal dissipation region scaling around a MR site, and they also have significant implications for the fundamental energy dissipation process.
Effects of a COPD self-management support intervention: a randomized controlled trial

Background This study examines the effects of the COPD-specific health promoting self-management intervention “Better living with COPD” on different self-management-related domains, self-efficacy, and sense of coherence (SOC). Methods In a randomized controlled design, 182 people with COPD were allocated to either an intervention group (offered Better living with COPD in addition to usual care) or a control group (usual care). Self-management-related domains were measured by the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ) before and after intervention. Self-efficacy was measured by the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and SOC was measured by the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). Effects were assessed by ANCOVA, using intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and per-protocol analysis (PPA). Results The PPA and the ITT analysis showed significant positive changes on Constructive attitudes and approaches (heiQ) (ITT: P=0.0069; PPA: P=0.0021) and Skill and technique acquisition (heiQ) (ITT: P=0.0405; PPA: P=0.0356). Self-monitoring and insight (heiQ) showed significant positive change in the PPA (P=0.0494). No significant changes were found on the other self-management domains (heiQ), self-efficacy (GSE), or SOC (SOC-13). Conclusion Better living with COPD had a significant positive short-term effect on some self-management-related domains, and could be an intervention contributing to the support of self-management in people with COPD. However, further work is needed to establish the clinical relevance of the findings and to evaluate the long-term effects.
00 PM-6 : 00 PM Fish Passage Behavior Behavior through Baffled and Nonbaffled

Culverts can have a negative impact on fish passage. Installing baffles inside culverts can potentially improve culvert fish passage by decreasing the flow velocity and increasing the flow depth. Fish passage behaviors of wild brown trout through a small prototype-scale (0.6 m diameter, 18.3 m in length) baffled, and non-baffled culverts were observed in the laboratory for a variety of discharges and pipe slopes (up to 6%). The baffle height and spacing was 0.15 and 0.9 times the culvert diameter, respectively. The correlation between successful fish passage, sample fish population, and the fish length was evaluated. The influence of baffles installed inside the culvert on fish passage compared to the non-baffled culvert was reported. Resting and staging zones for the fish passing the culvert upstream were observed and reported. A threshold velocity (calculated based on above-baffle flow area) for the fish passage was found to be 1.5 m/s.
Quadratic Error Metric Mesh Simplification Algorithm Based on Discrete Curvature

Complex and highly detailed polygon meshes have been adopted for model representation in many areas of computer graphics. Existing works mainly focused on the quadric error metric based complex models approximation, which has not taken the retention of important model details into account. This may lead to visual degeneration. In this paper, we improve Garland and Heckberts’ quadric error metric based algorithm by using the discrete curvature to reserve more features for mesh simplification. Our experiments on various models show that the geometry and topology structure as well as the features of the original models are precisely retained by employing discrete curvature.
Use of triclosan as antibacterial agent in textiles

The triclosan has been applied on cotton fabrics as an antibacterial agent and its durability to repeated home laundering studied. To evaluate the effects of environmental conditions on activity of triclosan, the samples were exposed to acidic, basic and synthetic urine solutions as simulated wearing conditions. The antibacterial activity of fabrics was evaluated against S. aureus and E. coli. The results show that the raw fabrics have the lowest activity and the bleaching pretreatment causes the increase in antibacterial activity and significant reduction in bacteria growth. However, the fabrics show the best activity after finishing with triclosan, especially against S. aureus. It is also observed that the repeated home laundering, and acidic, basic and urine conditions cause the decrease in the activity.
Quadratic covariation estimation of an irregularly observed semimartingale with jumps and noise

This paper presents a central limit theorem for a pre-averaged version of the realized covariance estimator for the quadratic covariation of a discretely observed semimartingale with noise. The semimartingale possibly has jumps, while the observation times show irregularity, non-synchronicity, and some dependence on the observed process. It is shown that the observation times' effect on the asymptotic distribution of the estimator is only through two characteristics: the observation frequency and the covariance structure of the noise. This is completely different from the case of the realized covariance in a pure semimartingale setting.
Diffusion in planar Liouville quantum gravity

We construct the natural diffusion in the random geometry of planar Liouville quantum gravity. Formally, this is the Brownian motion in a domain D of the complex plane for which the Riemannian metric tensor at a point z ∈ D is given by exp(h(z)), appropriately normalised. Here h is an instance of the Gaussian Free Field on D and ∈ (0,2) is a parameter. We show that the process is almost surely continuous and enjoys certain conformal invariance properties. We also estimate the Hausdorff dimension of times that the diffusion spends in the thick points of the Gaussian Free Field, and show that it spends Lebesgue-almost all its time in the set of -thick points, almost surely. Similar but deeper results have been independently and simultaneously proved by Garban, Rhodes and Vargas.
A Study on Information Induced Medication Errors

Preventable medical adverse events are a serious concern for healthcare. Medication errors form a significant part of these concerns and it is evident that these errors can have serious consequences such as death or disability. Many medication errors are a consequence of information failure. Therefore to prevent such adverse events, the associated information flow must be understood. This research used a systematic review methodology to conduct an analysis of medication error as a result of information failure. Its aim was to suggest solutions on reducing information induced medication errors. The results indicate that is apparent that human error such as slips or lapses can occur due to stress, tiredness and interruptions within the clinical process. Numerous information flow problems are evident within the clinical culture and it is this clinical culture that allows human error which results in medication errors. By changing the clinical culture and establishing effective information flow, clinical errors may be reduced. Thus, recommendations for reducing information flow induced medication errors include a change in clinical culture and the design of a framework which can establish uniformity of communication between healthcare providers. Finally, a major concern for patients is lack of patient information such as medication histories and allergies. Reconciliation of medication histories and a data base of patient information can assist practitioners in identifying any allergies to medications and thus prevent patient allergy related medication errors. Patient health summaries should be shared, for instance using the Australian national eHealth record in order to reduce errors in transcription and to reduce the time spent on collecting medication history.
Skewing During Adult Life is Not Random and Results from X-linked

During early human development, females randomly inactivate one of the two X chromosomes in a process called X chromosome inactivation. Since this process is usually random, most women are a balanced 50:50 mosaic of cells. While this is the situation in young females, mosaicism is usually lost in the elderly, particularly in the blood, a process referred to as skewing. We have previously shown, using primary cell populations, that skewing is highly predictable in vitro and results from hemizygous selection whereby a competitive advantage is conferred to all cells that express genes from one X chromosome. Here we examine the mechanism behind skewing in vitro and conclude that the major factor is X-linked polymorphism. Similar observations are made in vivo where we find that most adult female mice skew in a predictable pattern towards a dominant X. These findings have important implications for in vitro studies and offer a platform to gain insights into the dynamics of skewing in the hematopoietic system.
Depth of a Salesman: Exploring Personality as a Predictor of Sales Performance in a Multi-Level Marketing Sample

Despite its growing prevalence in the realm of sales occupations, multi-level marketing (MLM) and its primary participants are not very well understood. In particular, there is a dearth of understanding in terms of the differentiating characteristics of individual sellers who are financially successful in comparison to those who perform poorly. This study sought to fill in some of these research gaps by exploring the antecedents of sales success by examining the validity of personality as a predictor of sales performance in the context of MLM. While significant relationships were indeed observed between certain facets of personality (specifically components of conscientiousness, extraversion, and resilience) and sales performance, they were weaker than those found in existing literature. In some cases (e.g., excitement seeking) the relationships were in the opposite direction of those found in samples of conventional sales reps. Overall, due to the low amount of variance explained by personality, on a practical level it may not be the best predictor of performance in this context. DEPTH OF A SALESMAN 3
Quantising opinions for political tweets analysis Conference or Workshop Item

There have been increasing interests in recent years in analyzing tweet messages relevant to political events so as to understand public opinions towards certain political issues. We analyzed tweet messages crawled during the eight weeks leading to the UK General Election in May 2010 and found that activities at Twitter is not necessarily a good predictor of popularity of political parties. We then proceed to propose a statistical model for sentiment detection with side information such as emoticons and hash tags implying tweet polarities being incorporated. Our results show that sentiment analysis based on a simple keyword matching against a sentiment lexicon or a supervised classifier trained with distant supervision does not correlate well with the actual election results. However, using our proposed statistical model for sentiment analysis, we were able to map the public opinion in Twitter with the actual offline sentiment in real world.
Deuterium inventory in the full-tungsten divertor of ASDEX Upgrade

The deuterium inventory in tungsten-coated divertor tiles used during the first full-tungsten plasma-facing wall phase of ASDEX Upgrade was measured by various methods of analysis. The D inventory in the inner divertor was still dominated by codeposition with residual carbon, whereas it was dominated by trapping in the thicker vacuum plasma sprayed tungsten layers at the outer divertor. The total inventory in the divertor area decreased by a factor of 5–10 compared with the period of carbon-dominated plasma-facing wall.
Seasonal cycles of O , , NO , and S @-reduction in estuarine sediments : the significance of an NO ; reduction maximum in spring

Rates of oxygen uptake, denitrification, nitrate reduction to ammonia, and sulfate reduction were measured in a Danish estuary over 1.5 yr. In sediments near the sea entrance, O2 and SO? ,reduction dominated and the relative contributions of the 4 processes were 65, 3. 5 and 27 %. respectively, of the total electron flow. In sediments near the river outlet, sulfate became limiting while nitrate was more abundant. This shifted the relative contributions towards nitrate reduction: 44. 4, 33 and 19%, respectively. At low salinities, depth of the sulfate reduction zone (4 to 10 cm), but not maximum reduction rate, was limited by low sulfate concentrations in the overlying water. The nitrate zone varied from 0.5 to 5 cm depth over the year. Oxygen uptake and sulfate reduction varied seasonally in accordance with temperature. Reduction of nitrate to N, and to NH:, as well as emission of N,O the atmosphere, showed a short maximum in spring and were relatively constant throughout the rest of the year. The spring maximum coincided with a rapid water-temperature increase and a high influx of nitrate from the main river. Annual emission of N 2 0 corresponded to only 1 to 5 % of the measured denitrification. Annual loss of combined nitrogen by denitrification in sediments corresponded to 5 % of nitrate influx from the river.
Online Data and Tools for Estimation of Solar Electricity in Africa - the PVGIS Approach

We present interactive web tools for map-based query of a solar radiation database and for performance assessment of solar photovoltaic systems. The high-resolution geographic database covers the Mediterranean Basin, Africa and South-West Asia. Daily global irradiation was primarily computed from Meteosat satellite images by the Heliosat-2 method and stored in the HelioClim-1 database. From this database, long term monthly and yearly averages of global horizontal irradiation were derived for the period 1985-2004. Using the PVGIS method, based on the solar radiation model r.sun, interpolation of the clear-sky index and terrain shadowing, the original spatial resolution of HelioClim-1 database (15' x 15') was enhanced to 2 km x 2 km. A set of web tools was developed to query basic climatic and geographic data for a chosen location, and to estimate and optimize energy output from photovoltaic system at arbitrary inclination and orientation of modules. The PVGIS system can be accessed at http://re.jrc. ec.europa. eu/pvgis/pv/.