Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Security Breach Notification Chart

Perkins Coie's Privacy & Security practice maintains this comprehensive chart of state laws regarding security breach notification. The chart is for informational purposes only and is intended as an aid in understanding each state’s sometimes unique security breach notification requirements. Lawyers, compliance professionals, and business owners have told us that the chart has been helpful when preparing for and responding to data breaches. We hope that you find it useful as well.
How Do Regulatory Ability and Banking Market Structure Affect Explicit Deposit Insurance Scheme Adoption and Banks’ Risk Taking?

This study investigates how regulatory ability and banking market structure affect explicit deposit insurance scheme (eDIS) adoption and banks’ risk taking under eDIS. We find that: (i) The regulatory ability exists a threshold if the government regulator’s regulatory ability above the threshold, the implicit deposit insurance scheme (iDIS) is not the optimal choice. (ii) Excessive competitive banking market structure leads to the existence of an invalid region of both eDIS and iDIS, in which the bank takes extreme risk. (iii) In the valid region of eDIS, the bank takes excessive risk and the effects of banking market structure and regulatory ability on the bank’s risk are interdependent. Empirical analysis on 190 countries worldwide 1996-2011 confirms that regulatory ability is the determinant of eDIS adoption, whereas the more competitive banking market structures are more prone to experience a banking crisis. The results also indicate a negative effect of regulatory ability on banking risk, and the effect of market structure on banking risk is negative either, as predicted. Moreover, the results support the prediction that the increase of regulatory ability weakens the negative effect of banking market structure on banking risk.
Why member portraits can undermine participation

One possible way to support social awareness in virtual collaborative environments is to provide member portraits. Based on the SIDE-Model (Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effect) it is argued that these portraits can have ambivalent effects for people who act according to the mode of personal identity and for people who act according to the mode of social identity. An experiment providing an information-exchange dilemma task confirmed these expectations.
A Longitudinal Study on the Relationship Between Weight Loss, Medical Expenditures, and Absenteeism Among Overweight Employees in the WAY to Health Study

Objective: To quantify the extent to which successful weight loss among overweight/obese employees translates into subsequent savings in medical expenditures and absenteeism. Methods: This analysis relied on medical claims and absenteeism data collected from overweight/obese employees at 17 community colleges in North Carolina. Results: We find no evidence that participants achieving at least a 5% weight loss experienced reduced medical expenditures or lower absenteeism during the 12-month weight loss intervention or in the subsequent 2 years. Conclusions: These results suggest that a quick return on investment from weight loss programs, even effective ones, is unlikely. Nevertheless, as with other employee benefit decisions, the decision about whether to offer weight loss programs should take into account many factors, such as employee health, in addition to the potential for a quick return on investment.
Effectiveness of Bidders Internal Governance Structure

This paper examines the effectiveness of bidders’ internal governance mechanisms after controlling for the disciplinary role of the market for corporate control. In general, based on the full data sample, the evidence presented in this paper fails to refute the view that firms choose their internal governance mechanisms in a value-maximizing way. On average, bidders' anti-takeover provisions show no significant effect on the returns to bidders, and fail to significantly affect the lack of any significant relationship between board structure – board size and board independence – and the returns to bidders. However, for the sub-sample comprising bidders with high levels of anti-takeover provisions, board independence is found to be negatively related to the returns to bidders with high levels. One interpretation of this finding is that the effectiveness – benefits relative to the costs – of independent boards diminishes at high levels of anti-takeover provisions. For the sub-sample comprising bidders without classified boards, board size is positively related to the returns to bidders, indicating that the benefits to increasing board size appears to outweigh the costs for bidders without a classified board structure.
Coherence Violations and Propositional Usage in the Narratives of Fluent Aphasics

Aphasic patients have been generally assumed to produce coherent narratives, despite their numerous surface structure deficits. The current study is designed to analyze three types of coherence violations (i.e., information gaps, repetitions of propositions, and irrelevant propositions) in the narratives of mildly impaired conduction, anomic, and Wernicke's aphasics. Results reveal that the three aphasic groups produce qualitatively different patterns of coherence violations. It is hypothesized that these coherence violations reflect adaptive strategies used by the aphasic patients to compensate for their underlying impairments. While the anomic and conduction aphasics appear to compensate for surface structure deficits, the Wernicke's aphasics seem to have an underlying coherence deficit.
The prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in domestic animals and food in Serbia

Faecal samples of 2660 domestic animals from 116 farms and 956 samples of food were examined for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). STEC was recovered from 126 (15·3%) cattle, 135 (11·3%) pigs, 135 (66·8%) sheep, 31 (73·8%) goats, 4 (1%) chicken, and 15 (1·6%) food samples. Of all STEC isolates, 21·5, 25·8 and 15% produced enterohaemolysin, α-haemolysin, and aerobactin respectively, 1·6% displayed localized adherence (LA) to HEp-2 cells, 27·6% were sorbitol negative, and 30% were resistant to antibiotics. Only 14 (3·1%) of the STEC isolates belonged to human infection-associated serogroups (O26, O55, O111, O128 and O157), designated as enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). This study revealed that STEC are prevalent in domestic animals, and to a lesser extent in food of animal origin in Serbia, but the absence of a EHEC phenotypic profile (characteristic serogroup, LA, enterohaemolysin production) in most animal STEC strains may explain the low incidence of human STEC infection in this part of the world.
Impact of service quality and trust on repurchase intentions - the case of Pakistan airline industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents of repurchase intentions in the Pakistani airline industry. Though research on repurchase intentions has traditionally focused on service quality and satisfaction, recently scholars have proposed that word of mouth (WOM) and thin Pakistan’s airline industr trust also play a vital role in driving repurchase intentions for all services businesses. Design/methodology/approach The study employs structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized relationships among antecedents of repurchase intention drawing on a data set of 383 customers listed as “frequent flyer members” within Pakistan’s airline industry. Findings The results revealed that service quality and trust are directly associated with repurchase intentions as well as through the mediator of customer satisfaction. The findings hold important implications for marketers and academics. Originality/value This study makes original contribution to the body of knowledge in the services marketing sector by investigating the effects of service quality and trust through the mediation of customer satisfaction and brand image, and the moderation of WOM factors on predictors of repurchase intention.
University of Birmingham Multiple goal orientations as predictors of moral behavior in youth soccer

The purpose of this study was to examine task, ego-, and social-goal orientations as predictors of prosocial and antisocial behavior in youth soccer. Participants were 365 male ( n = 227) and female ( n = 138) youth soccer players ( M age = 13.4 years, SD = 1.8), who completed questionnaires measuring task and ego orientation; the goals of social affiliation, social recognition and social status; prosocial and antisocial behavior; and demographics. Regression analyses revealed that prosocial behavior was predicted positively by task orientation and social affiliation and negatively by social status. In contrast, antisocial behavior was predicted positively by ego orientation and social status and negatively by task orientation. Findings for task and ego orientation are consistent with previous work. Social-goal orientations explained further variance in prosocial and antisocial behavior, and their inclusion in future moral research is encouraged.
Do Cooperatives Manage Earnings to Avoid Losses and Earnings Decreases?

This paper investigates the use of earnings management by cooperatives to avoid reporting losses or earnings decreases. Based on a unique dataset comprising quarterly financial statements reported by 66 Brazilian agricultural cooperatives between 2000 and 2015, our results show that cooperatives do indeed manage their results to avoid reporting decreases in earnings and small losses, more markedly in the latter case. This practice is more frequent in large cooperatives than in small ones and in more leveraged organizations. We also find that this practice decreases along with increased board size, which is inconsistent with the evidence for commercial firms. Our findings contribute to the fields of earnings management detection and corporate governance in cooperatives.
Asymmetric corticomotor excitability correlations in early Parkinson's disease

We studied corticomotor excitability (CE) between the more and less affected sides in early Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Sixteen‐PD patients within the first 3 years of diagnosis were studied with single‐pulse TMS over each motor cortex with intensities from 40% to 100% stimulator output. Active motor evoked potentials (MEP) and cortical silent period durations (CSP) were recorded, fitted with sigmoid curves, summarized as maximal MEP/CSP, maximal MEP/CSP slope, and intensity where MEP/CSP is half‐maximal (MEP/CSP‐Int50), and correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores (UPDRS). On the more affected side, higher (worse) UPDRS scores were correlated with shorter maximal CSP (r = −0.51, P = 0.046). On the less affected side, higher UPDRS scores were correlated with higher MEP‐Int50 (r = 0.51, P = 0.043) and CSP‐Int50 (r = 0.54, P = 0.029). For the less affected side, altered CE, as indexed by higher MEP or CSP‐Int50 intensities, may contribute to early clinical symptoms. On the more affected side, increases in CE, indexed by shorter CSP, may account for a greater proportion of PD symptoms. These findings are consistent with an evolution of neurophysiologic correlates in early PD patients from a less to more symptomatic state. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
PENGARUH ROTASI KAP, AUDITTENURE,DAN REPUTASI KAP TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR

This research aims to explaine mandatory rotation of audit firm, audit tenure, and accounting firm reputation toward audit quality, measured by discretionary accruals. Samples are manufacturing firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the year 2008 until 2012 with total observations of 819 firm-years. Multiple regression is used for hypotheses testing. The results show that there is no significant effect of mandatory rotation of audit firm on audit quality. Audit firms and auditee can be considered well known of PMK 17/PMK.01/2008. Then audit tenure and audit firms reputation have significant effect to audit quality. Audit tenure can be consedered increase competencies of auditor, while the audit firms reputation that affiliated with big 4 firms probably has well integrity. Keywords: mandatory rotation of audit firm, audit tenure, audit firms reputation, audit quality
Implementation of Patient’s Rights Charter: a Report from Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Iran

At the aim of explaining the rights of health care recipients and upgrading ethical observance in the field of treatment-the most important field of health care-, the Patient’s Rights Charter was declared by Ministry of Health and Medical Education to all medical universities in September 2009. This paper provides a report of strategic planning for implementation of Patient’s Rights Charter and a summary of other projects.
Leadership and Small Firm Financial Performance: The Moderating Effects of Demographic Characteristics

The present study builds on extant leadership literature by examining the role demographic variables (including age, tenure as a leader at the current company, experience in the industry, and level of education) play as moderating effects on the relationship between leadership style and small business financial performance in the industrial markets. Financial data, leadership data, and demographic data were collected from 100 small, industrial distribution organizations. Statistical regression models were used to examine the relationship between the independent variables (transformational and transactional leadership styles) and dependent variables (year-over-year sales and profit margin performance), as well as the potential moderating effect of demographic variables (age, tenure, education, experience). The findings showed that transformational leadership was positively associated with the financial performance of an industrial distribution firm. It was also shown that the demographic characteristics examined did not moderate the relationship between leadership and firm performance.
The Role of Small Businesses in Poverty Alleviation : The Case of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

REPOA’s research agenda is concerned with poverty and its alleviation. Our objectives are to: develop the research capacity in Tanzania; enhance stakeholders’ knowledge of poverty issues and empower them to act; contribute to policy dialogue; support the monitoring of the implementation of poverty related policy; strengthen national and international poverty research networks, and forge linkages between research(ers) and users.
Analyzing non-linear dynamics of organic growth: Evidence from small German new ventures

This paper links theories of growth models with the literature on serial autocorrelation of growth. We study the serial autocorrelation of tendencies of growth trajectories of employment and sales for German new ventures over a nine-year period using mosaic plots as a conceptual framework. The autocorrelation of growth tendencies provides important information on firms growth processes. We find that growing new ventures are subject to negative autocorrelation of tendencies of growth trajectories making sustained growth a very rare occurrence. This indicates that the growth of new ventures is non-linear, prone to interruptions, amplifying forces, and setbacks. Therefore, we interpret the commonly used term ‘stages of growth model’ in a different manner. A stage cannot be defined as a time span but rather as a sort of conditions of circumstances that are all present at a point in time and that are conditionally linked to a preceding sort of circumstances.
AN ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR GALAXY METALLICITY: WHAT DO METALLICITY RELATIONS TELL US ABOUT STAR FORMATION AND OUTFLOW?

We develop a simple analytical model that tracks galactic metallicities governed by star formation and feedback to gain insight from the observed galaxy stellar mass–metallicity relations over a large range of stellar masses and redshifts. The model reveals the following implications of star formation and feedback processes in galaxy formation. First, the observed metallicity relations provide a stringent upper limit for the averaged outflow mass-loading factors of local galaxies, which are ∼20 for M * ∼ 10 9 M ⊙ ? > galaxies and monotonically decrease to ∼1 for M * ∼ 10 11 M ⊙ ? > galaxies. Second, the inferred upper limit for the outflow mass-loading factor sensitively depends on whether the outflow is metal-enriched with respect to the interstellar medium metallicity. If half of the metals ejected from supernovae leave the galaxy in metal-enriched winds, the outflow mass-loading factor for galaxies at any mass can barely be higher than ∼10, which puts strong constraints on galaxy formation models. Third, the relatively lower stellar-phase to gas-phase metallicity ratio for lower-mass galaxies indicates that low-mass galaxies are still rapidly enriching their metallicities in recent times, while high-mass galaxies are more settled, which seems to show a downsizing effect in the metallicity evolution of galaxies. The analysis presented in the paper demonstrates the importance of accurate measurements of galaxy metallicities and the cold gas fraction of galaxies at different redshifts for constraining star formation and feedback processes, and demonstrates the power of these relations for constraining the physics of galaxy formation.
The Impact of Organizational Culture on the Ethnic group work culture and Organizational Performance in Heterogenous Categories.

Abstract Today organizational is predominantly dynamic of race and ethnic ground that practice difference religion to accomplish performance in an organization. Understanding such dynamism is very crucial to pursue the organizational performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigative the influence of ethnic group work culture on organizational performance in public sector organization in Nigerian. The paper has applied both qualitative and quantitative among 227 authorize administrative personal of 13 ministries of Kaduna state. The paper found both negative and positive on moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between ethnic work culture and organizational performance. The paper contended that organizational culture has significant influence on ethnic group work culture and organizational performance in the complex categories.
Evaluating the performance of university course units using data envelopment analysis

Abstract The technique of data envelopment analysis (DEA) for measuring the relative efficiency has been widely used in the higher education sector. However, measuring the performance of a set of course units or modules that are part of a university curriculum has received little attention. In this article, DEA was used in a visual way to measure the performance of 12 course units that are part of a Photogrammetry curriculum taught at Aalto University. The results pinpointed the weakest performing units, i.e. units where the provided teaching efforts might not be adequately reflected in the students’ marks in the unit. Based on the results, a single unit was considered to offer poor performance with respect to its teaching resources and was selected as a candidate for revision of its contents. Financial resources were not used as such; instead, the performance of students in previous pre-requisite units was used as the inputs. For clarity, a single output covering the overall student performance in the examined unit was used. The technique should be widely applicable assuming the grade point averages of the students who took the course unit are available along with the marks obtained in the evaluated units and their pre-requisites.
Assessing the Relative Importance of Employer Branding Dimensions on Retention of Employees – A Case of Private Schools of Karachi

This study explores several dimensions of employer branding in terms of their significance and assessing their impact on the retention capabilities of current employees with different job tenure within the private schools of Karachi. The concept of employer branding has gained significant popularity among the organizations where they are striving to attract and retain the high potential pool of employees for their success. The independent variables for this study are interest, social, economic, development and application values; and their impact on retention of employees as dependent variable. This study is quantitative in nature and encompasses the Post Positivism paradigm. The deductive approach is employed and survey method is opted for this research. Questionnaires were distributed to 400 school teachers in different private schools of Karachi. The quota sampling method has been used. The study entails descriptive analysis, Pearson correlations, t-tests of independent populations, and regression analysis. The results indicate that all factors of employer branding have significant impact on the retention of employees. However, the impact is greater on employees with 3-5 years of experience than employees with less than 1 year. The results also showed that “Social Values” are the most preferred factor by both populations. The educational industry can use the results for designing their human resource policies and practices for retaining the best talent pool and creating a great workplace as strong employer brand.
High‐dose liposomal daunorubicin and high‐dose cytarabine combination in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia

Liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin (DaunoXome, DNX; Nexstar Pharmaceutical, Boulder, CO) changes the pharmacology profile to increase delivery to tumor sites and decrease toxicity. The authors investigated the effect of daunorubicin in combination with ara‐C in patients with refractory or recurring acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
Do Activist Hedge Funds Target Female CEOs? The Role of CEO Gender in Hedge Fund Activism

Using a comprehensive hedge fund activism dataset, we find that activist hedge funds are about 52% more likely to target firms with female CEOs compared to firms with male CEOs. We find that firm fundamentals, the existence of a “glass cliff,” gender discrimination bias, and hedge fund activists’ inherent characteristics do not explain the observed gender effect. We further find that the transformational leadership style of female CEOs is a plausible explanation for this gender effect: instead of being self-defensive, female CEOs are more likely to communicate and cooperate with hedge fund activists to achieve intervention goals. Finally, we find that female-led targets experience greater increases in market and operational performance subsequent to hedge fund targeting.