Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supervision of Children in Agricultural Settings: Implications for Injury Risk and Prevention

ABSTRACT Farm environments pose unique safety hazards for children. With this in mind, this paper raises several points about how caregiver supervision influences risk of childhood injuries. First, research suggests that it is not the absence of a supervisor per se but the poorer quality of supervision that leads to pediatric injuries on farms, particularly for young children who behave in unpredictable ways at a time when caregivers are likely to be distracted with farm work. Second, research suggests that “adequate” supervision varies with context. In nonfarm contexts, continuous attention and close proximity (i.e., being within arm's reach) constitute an adequate level of supervision to ensure young children's safety. In agricultural contexts, attention and continuity are also relevant. However, close proximity is less beneficial because this often results in exposing children to hazards (animals, dangerous equipment) if the supervisor is working. Third, research suggests that in both agricultural and nonagricultural contexts, the extent to which supervision is associated with injury varies with a child's developmental level. Specifically, supervision seems to play a more primary role in moderating injury risk for young children (preschool), and this influence decreases as children age and increasingly independent are allowed to engage in more activities without a supervisor present. Building on these findings, practical recommendations are provided to enhance the safety of children on farms and future research directions are discussed.
Broadband Absorption Enhancement in Modified Grating Thin-Film Solar Cell

A novel design of a highly efficient modified grating thin-film solar cell (SC) is reported and analyzed using a 3-D finite difference time domain (3-D FDTD) method. The modified grating has side wings and is covered by 1-D silicon nanorods. The suggested grating has a great potential to harvest the light into the nanoscale active layer. Further, the light trapping through the suggested design is significantly enhanced by the photonic nanorods. The modified grating and nanorods produce an absorption enhancement in different parts of the solar spectrum. Furthermore, the nanorods are considered as a second grating to obtain multiple light trapping which increases the optical path length. Additionally, the nanorods can couple the incident light into the discrete modes of the active layer over an extended wavelength range. Therefore, a broadband absorption enhancement for the suggested SC is achieved. The effects of the structure geometrical parameters on the absorption, ultimate efficiency, and short circuit current of the proposed design are investigated. The performance of the reported SC using crystalline silicon, hydrogenated amorphous silicon, and gallium arsenide is also studied. The numerical results show that high efficiency of 43.114% can be achieved using gallium arsenide with short circuit current density of 35.27 mA/cm2.
Synaptic Plasticity, But not Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Mediated the Counteractive Effect of Wolfberry on Depression in Rats 1

Depression is a life-threatening psychiatric disorder characterized with a long-term hypercortisolemia in depressed patients. Based on this clinical feature, hypercortisolemia was mimicked in experimental animals to understand the neuropathogy of depression and to explore new therapeutic strategies. Wolfberry, also known as Lycium barbarum, is a type of common fruit produced in mainland China. Accumulated evidence has shown that the extracts from Lycium barbarum (LBP) had a wide range of neuroprotective effects in various neurogenerative models. However, the antidepressant effect of LBP on depression and its mechanism has not yet been explored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of LBP on counteracting depression using an animal model injected with moderate dose (40 mg/kg) or severe dose (50 mg/kg) of corticosterone (CORT) treatments for 14 days. The results showed that CORT significantly increased immobility time and decreased hippocampal cell proliferation. LBP treatment significantly decreased the immobility time in forced swimming test, a test for the intensity of depressive behaviors, both in 40 and 50 mg/kg CORT stressed rats. Moreover, LBP treatment restored the reduced proliferation of neuroprogentior cells in the hippocampus in 40 mg/kg CORT stressed rats and the neuronal differentiation but not the proliferation in 50 mg/kg CORT stressed rats. After ablation of adult neurogenesis with Ara-c infusion, the beneficial effect of LBP treatment in reducing immobility time was not affected in 40 and 50 mg/kg CORT stressed rats. Golgi staining and Western blotting detection showed that LBP treatment restored the reduced spine density and the decreased level of PSD-95 in the hippocampus caused by 40 and 50 mg/kg CORT, respectively, indicating enhanced synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The data showed a novel effect of LBP on reducing depression-like behavior and its antidepressant effect may be mediated by enhanced synaptic plasticity, but not hippocampal neurogenesis.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus paracasei Strain LC-Ikematsu, Isolated from a Pineapple in Okinawa, Japan

ABSTRACT The draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus paracasei strain LC-Ikematsu, isolated from a pineapple in Okinawa, was determined. The total length of the 87 contigs was 3.08 Mb with a G+C content of 46.2% and 2,946 coding sequences. The genome analysis revealed its biosynthetic ability of 11 amino acids.
Study of gate-injection operated SONOS-type devices using the gate-sensing and channel-sensing (GSCS) method

SONOS devices using gate injection programming and erasing have better cycling endurance because the gate oxide is not stressed by P/E operations. This work studies the gate injection behavior in detail using the recently developed gatesensing and channel-sensing (GSCS) technique. GSCS accurately locates the charge centroid during programming/erasing and reliability tests. For the first time, we can track the charge centroid for gate-injection “top BE-SONOS” and various SONOS-type devices. Our results indicate that the charge centroid after electron gate injection is close to the nitride center, irrespective of various nitride thickness and top dielectric. Moreover, there is electron and hole vertical mismatch after hole gate injection. Comparing the results from SONS, we can clearly prove that electrons are mainly distributed inside the bulk nitride instead of the interfaces between oxide and nitride. For SNOS and SNS, where there is electron and hole injection simultaneously, two-region approximation can give us more detailed information about electron and hole capture. By comparing experimental data with theoretical modeling, we have shown that nitride 7nm or thicker captures all the injected electrons up to total charge area density ∼ 1013cm−2.
Prevalence of bacteremia in patients with diabetes mellitus in Karbala, Iraq

The present study is designed to study bacteremia and to measure some immunological parameters of diabetic patients in Kerbala City, Iraq during the period from November 2006 until May 2007. This study included a total of 125 patients with diabetes mellitus (30 type I and 95 type II), and 55 healthy persons as Control subjects. Blood samples were collected from both patients and Controls, blood culture was done for bacterial isolation and identification, virulence factors as well as antibiotic susceptibility tests were assessed for each isolate. This study also included the estimation of T-cells count, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) concentration, interleukin-4 concentration, IgG, and IgM concentration. The obtained results showed that bacteremia was observed in 24% of the diabetic patients. Gram-positive bacterial isolates were more predominant; 21:30 (70%); than Gram-negative isolates; 9:30 (30%). Cefotaxime, tetracycline and trimethoprime-sulphamethazole antibiotics were the most effective drugs on both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Immunological tests showed decrease in T-cells count significantly (p 0.05) in patients with type I and II diabetes (7.050 and 7.703 pg/ml, respectively). The levels of IgG were increased significantly (p 0.05) in type I. Key words:
Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic member of the Firmicutes isolated from a hypersaline lake.

A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain A76(T), was isolated from a brine sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. Cells were strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, non-sporulating, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Strain A76(T) grew between pH 7.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 8.0), between 20 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 35 °C) and at salinities of 0.5 to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5%, w/v, NaCl). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain A76(T) was shown to belong to the phylum Firmicutes with sequence similarities of 94.1, 93.1 and 91.1%, to the type species of the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus, respectively. The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.8 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain A76(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, an unknown lipid and two unknown phospholipids. The isoprenoid quinones were MK-6 (94%), MK-5 (3%) and MK-7 (3%). The amino acid constituents of the cell wall were Lys, Asp, Gly, Glu and Ala. The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain A76(T) and type strains of taxa with validly published names suggest that this strain represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Aliicoccus persicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aliicoccus persicus is strain A76(T) ( = CECT 8508(T) = DSM 28306(T) = IBRC-M 10081(T)).
Follow-up of renal function in treated and untreated older patients with isolated systolic hypertension

Background In the outcome trials that provided information on renal function in older hypertensive patients, diuretics and β-blockers were mostly used as first-line drugs. The long-term renal effects of calcium-channel blockers remain unclear. Objective To compare the changes in renal function in 2258 treated and 2148 untreated patients with isolated systolic hypertension, of whom 455 had diabetes mellitus and 390 had proteinuria. Methods We performed a post-hoc analysis of the double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial. Active treatment was initiated with nitrendipine (10–40 mg/day) with the possible addition of enalapril (5–20 mg/day), hydrochlorothiazide (12.5–25 mg/day), or both, titrated or combined to reduce the sitting systolic blood pressure by at least 20 mmHg, to less than 150 mmHg. The main outcome measures were serum creatinine concentration and creatinine clearance calculated by the formula of Cockroft and Gault. Results Serum creatinine concentration at the time when participants were randomly allocated to study groups was less than 176.8 μmol/l (2.0 mg/dl), averaging 88 μmol/l. At the time of the last serum creatinine measurement, the blood pressure difference (P < 0.001) between the two groups was 11.6/4.1 mmHg. In the intention-to-treat analysis (11 427 patient–years), serum creatinine and the calculated creatinine clearance were not influenced by active treatment. However, in the patients assigned randomly to receive active treatment, the incidence of mild renal dysfunction (serum creatinine at least 176.8 mmol/l) decreased by 64% (P = 0.04) and that of proteinuria by 33% (P = 0.03). Active treatment reduced the risk of proteinuria more in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients: by 71%, compared with 20% (P = 0 . 04). In non-proteinuric patients, active treatment did not influence serum creatinine, whereas in patients with proteinuria at entry to the study, serum creatinine decreased on active treatment (P < 0 . 001). Furthermore, in on-randomized treatment comparison stratified for risk at baseline, serum creatinine concentration did not change (P = 0.98) in patients continuing to receive monotherapy with nitrendipine, whereas it increased by 6.73 mmol/l (P < 0.001) in patients who received hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combination with other study medication (P < 0.001 for difference in trends). Conclusions In older patients with isolated systolic hypertension, antihypertensive treatment starting with the dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, nitrendipine, did not decrease blood pressure at the expense of renal function and prevented the development of proteinuria, especially in diabetic patients.
The Effects of Delayed Rewards, Tokens, and Stimulant Medication on Sportsmanlike Behavior with Adhd-Diagnosed Children

Five children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder participated in a summer program designed to evaluate behavioral and pharmacological treatments in a recreational setting. The effect of a contingency for increased sportsmanlike behavior, with and without the use of tokens, was examined during kickball games. The influence of stimulant medication was also examined for 3 of the children.Amultiple-baseline, reversal design revealed that a delayed reward condition did not increase sportsmanlike behavior, whereas the addition of tokens (and praise) to the delayed reward increased sportsmanlike behavior for all 5 participants. Stimulant medication appeared to have very little influence on sportsmanlike behavior. Future directions for behavioral social skills interventions using a sports skills model are also discussed.
Novel electrically small spherical electric dipole antenna

This paper introduces a novel electrically small spherical meander antenna. The horizontal sections of the meander are composed of wire loops, the radii of which are chosen so that the whole structure is conformal to a sphere of radius a. To form the meander the loops are connected by wires at a meridian plane. The antenna operates as an electric dipole, i.e. it radiates the TM10 spherical mode. The antenna is self-resonant and can be matched to a wide range of input feed lines without an external matching network. In this paper, a spherical meander antenna of the size ka = 0.27 and the input impedance of 72 ohms is numerically investigated and its performance is compared to that of the multiarm spherical helix antenna of the same size. Both antennas yield equal quality factors, which are about 1.5 times the Chu lower bound, but quite different cross-polarization characteristics.
Retroperitoneal germinomas (seminomas) without evidence of testicular involvement

HE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE ON THE VARIOUS T neoplasms derived from germ cells-germinoma (seminoma or dysgerminoma), embryonal teratoma (carcinoma), teratoma, choriocarcinoma and mixtures of these (teratocarcinomal2)-c1early indicates that they may exist as primary lesions in the gonads,3. 9~ 12 in the anterior mediastinurn117 17, zl, 25, 34 and in the region of the pineal body.lO9 27 Friedman11 stated: “The retroperitoneum represents ‘unused urogenital ridge and is therefore the most likely site for extragonadal germinal neoplasms. ” There is often a reluctance, however, to accept such neoplasms as primary when they are located in this area. The dictum has developed that no germ cell neoplasm in the retroperitoneum, particularly in males, should be considered primary in that area until the gonads have been thoroughly examined and excluded as a possible source. The scepticism that exists in regard to primary malignant germ cell tumors of the retroperitoneum is probably greatest for seminomas which tend to spread by lymphatic channels to retroperitoneal lymph nodes and often remain restricted to the area for considerable time. The only evidence of primary testicular origin for certain retroperitoneal germ cell tumors may be a small occult and regressing neoplasm or an intertubular scar referred to in the literature as a “burned out primary. ”llp 24, 26, 28 In view of such statements it requires courage to suggest that primary retroperitoneal seminomas may exist. Recently a patient with retroperitoneal seminoma without testicular involvement and with complete regression of the neoplasm following radiation therapy was presented in our Pathology-Radiation Therapy Conference2 and this case supplied the impetus for critically assessing similar lesions that have
Coronary artery stenoses: assessment with contrast-enhanced electron-beam CT and axial reconstructions.

PURPOSE To evaluate the usefulness of electron-beam computed tomography (CT) for identification of coronary artery stenoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Coronary angiography and contrast material-enhanced, electrocardiographically triggered electron-beam CT of the heart were performed in 23 patients. With axial CT images and axial maximum intensity projection reconstructions, the coronary arteries were assessed by two observers blinded to the results of angiography. RESULTS Cardiac motion artifact (unsharpness) precluded evaluation of the right coronary artery (RCA) in six subjects and the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) in one patient. With the vessels degraded by motion artifact eliminated from analysis, overall sensitivity of electron-beam CT for hemodynamically significant stenoses was 88%, and specificity was 79%. In the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), sensitivity was 93% and specificity was 63%; in the LCX, sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 67%; and in the RCA, sensitivity was 67% and specificity was 77%. The presence of coronary artery calcification did not have an effect on sensitivity for stenoses, but it did decrease specificity. CONCLUSION Electron-beam CT angiography can depict hemodynamically significant stenoses in the LAD and LCX with a sensitivity of more than 90%. The presence of coronary artery calcification resulted in decreased specificity but no appreciable change in sensitivity.
Pilot Trial of a Computerized Decision Aid for Breast Cancer Prevention

Abstract: This study sought to evaluate a shared decision‐making aid for breast cancer prevention care designed to help women make appropriate prevention decisions by presenting information about risk in context. The decision aid was implemented in a high‐risk breast cancer prevention program and pilot‐tested in a randomized clinical trial comparing standard consultations to use of the decision aid. Physicians completed training with the decision aid prior to enrollment. Thirty participants enrolled (15 per group) and completed measures of clinical feasibility and effectiveness prior to, immediately after, and at 9 months after their consultations. The decision aid was feasible to use during the consultations as measured by consultation duration, user satisfaction, patient knowledge, and decisional conflict. The mean consultation duration was not significantly different between groups (24 minutes for intervention group versus 21 minutes for control group, p = 0.42). The majority found the decision aid acceptable and useful and would recommend it to others. Both groups showed an improvement in breast cancer prevention knowledge postvisit, which was significant in the intervention group (p = 0.01) but not the control group (p = 0.13). However, the knowledge scores returned to baseline at follow‐up in both groups. Decision preference for patients who chose chemoprevention post consultations remained constant at follow‐up for the intervention group, but not for the control group. The decision framework provides access to key information during consultations and facilitates the integration of emerging biomarkers in this setting. Initial results suggest that the decision aid is feasible for use in the consultation room. The tendency for the decision choices and knowledge scores to return to baseline at follow‐up suggests the need for initial and ongoing prevention decision support.
A New Logic of Beliefs: Monotonic and Non-Monotonic Beliefs - Part 1

We present here a new formalization of beliefs, which has a simpler semantics than the previous formalizations, and develop an inference method for it by generalizing the resolution method. The usual prepositional formulas are embedded in our logic as a special type of belief formulas. One can obtain a non-monotonic logic of beliefs by applying, say, circumscription to the basic belief-logic developed here which is monotonic in nature. One can also apply the technique repeatedly to construct a hierarchy of belief-logics BLk, k > 1, where BLk⊃BLk-1and BLkcan handle formulas involving up to level k nested applications of the belief operator B.
An averaged-LLR group detection for higher order MIMO system

Designing an efficient MIMO decoder for higher order MIMO system such as 8×8 is a big challenge. The Group Detection (GD) method has been considered as a good choice because it balances well the trade-off between detection accuracy and computational complexity. This method converts the higher order MIMO channel matrix into several lower order matrices and then decodes these lower order matrices separately. In another aspect, a Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) system commonly requires a pre-coding such as Block Diagonalization (BD) to eliminate the inter-user interference (IUI). In this paper, we show that a MU-MIMO system can reuse the BD pre-coding at the transmitter to perform the GD at the receiver for reducing the complexity. To improve the performance, a Group Selection (GS) method should be used before doing GD. While the optimal GS method achieves high performance, its complexity is too high for real applications. For balancing the complexity-performance trade-off, we propose an Averaged Log Likelihood Ratio Group Detection (A-LLR-GD) in this paper. The packet error rate (PER) and Bit Error Rate (BER) simulation results on IEEE 802.11ac simulator show that our proposed one achieves higher performance with low increase in computational complexity as compared to the conventional works.
Spermatogenesis in Man: An Estimate of Its Duration

Testicular biopsies were obtained at various intervals after intratesticular injections of tritiated thymidine. Radioautographs revealed that the most mature labeled germ cells were the preleptotene spermatocytes at 1 hour, the midpachytene spermatocytes at 16 days, and the immature spermatids at 32 days after injection. These results indicated that one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium lasts 16 days, and the whole of spermatogenesis is estimated to consume approximately 64 days.
The Prevalence of Language Delay in a Population of Three‐year‐old Children and its Association with General Retardation

Using a simple assessment of language and a behaviour screening questionnaire, a one‐in‐four random sample of a total population of three‐year‐olds was screened for the presence of language delay and behaviour problems. A full psycho‐developmental assessment was carried out in children with suspected language delay or a behaviour problem, and in a group of control children, and the sensitivity and specificity of the language screening‐test was examined.