Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electric-Field-Driven Degradation in off-State Step-Stressed AlGaN/GaN High-Electron Mobility Transistors

The critical degradation voltage of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors during off-state electrical stress was determined as a function of Ni/Au gate dimensions (0.1-0.17 μm), drain bias voltage, and source/drain-gate contact distance. Devices with different gate lengths and gate-drain distances were found to exhibit the onset of degradation at different source-drain biases but similar electric field strengths, showing that the degradation mechanism is primarily field driven. The degradation field was calculated to be ~ 1.8 MV/cm by Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software simulations. Transmission electron microscopy imaging showed creation of defects under the gate after dc stress.
On the Need for an "Industry-Wide Standard" Definition of an Audiometric Notch and the Lack of Specificity of the Audiometric Notch in the Diagnosis of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.

ht © 2019 American Colle Employment: I am employed by Newington, VA. I am a contra Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, L Auburn Hills, MI. I am also a Henry Ford Health System i audiogram interpretation. I do not believe that my employm interest. Address correspondence to: Rob MPH, 19500 Argyle Cresc 48203 (rjm40@netzero.com) Copyright 2019 American Co tional and Environmental Me DOI: 10.1097/JOM.00000000000
The neurosteroid pregnenolone sulphate increases dopamine release and the dopaminergic response to morphine in the rat nucleus accumbens

Neurosteroids are a subclass of steroids that can be synthesized in the central nervous system independently of peripheral sources. Clinical studies in humans have associated some of these hormones with a generic sensation of ‘well‐being’ and with pathologies such as depression. In rodents, the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulphate (Preg‐S) has been shown to present antidepressant‐like effects. These observations suggest that neurosteroids could interact with reward‐related processes, mood and motivation. However, the possible neural substrates of such an effect remain unclear. In this report, we studied the action of Preg‐S on the activity of the mesencephalic dopaminergic projection to the nucleus accumbens which is considered one of the biological substrates of motivation and reward. Both the direct effect of Preg‐S and the influence of this hormone on the dopaminergic response to the pharmacological reward provided by the opiate morphine, were studied by means of microdialysis. Pregnenolone sulphate dose‐dependently increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, this hormone doubled the dopaminergic response to morphine. These effects were observed for Preg‐S doses of 100, 200, and 400 pmol injected intracerebroventricularly. The stimulant effect of Preg‐S on dopamine could mediate some of the behavioural effects of neurosteroids and in particular the interaction of these hormones with mood and motivation.
Shared modes of protection against poxvirus infection by attenuated and conventional smallpox vaccine viruses

The concern about bioterrorism with smallpox has raised the possibility of widespread vaccination, but the greater prevalence of immunocompromised individuals today requires a safer vaccine, and the mechanisms of protection are not well understood. Here we show that, at sufficient doses, the protection provided by both modified vaccinia Ankara and NYVAC replication-deficient vaccinia viruses, safe in immunocompromised animals, was equivalent to that of the licensed Wyeth vaccine strain against a pathogenic vaccinia virus intranasal challenge of mice. A similar variety and pattern of immune responses were involved in protection induced by modified vaccinia Ankara and Wyeth viruses. For both, antibody was essential to protect against disease, whereas neither effector CD4+ nor CD8+ T cells were necessary or sufficient. However, in the absence of antibody, T cells were necessary and sufficient for survival and recovery. Also, T cells played a greater role in control of sublethal infection in unimmunized animals. These properties, shared with the existing smallpox vaccine, provide a basis for further evaluation of these replication-deficient vaccinia viruses as safer vaccines against smallpox or against complications from vaccinia virus.
Quantification of viable but nonculturable Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. during sludge anaerobic digestion and their reactivation during cake storage

The presence of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacterial pathogens which often fail to be detected by cultivation and can regain the cultivability if the living conditions improve were reported. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of VBNC Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. in the biosolids during anaerobic digestion and its reactivation during the cake storage.
Genetic Ablation of Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2γ Leads to Alterations in Mitochondrial Lipid Metabolism and Function Resulting in a Deficient Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Phenotype*

Previously, we identified a novel calcium-independent phospholipase, designated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 γ (iPLA2γ), which possesses dual mitochondrial and peroxisomal subcellular localization signals. To identify the roles of iPLA2γ in cellular bioenergetics, we generated mice null for the iPLA2γ gene by eliminating the active site of the enzyme through homologous recombination. Mice null for iPLA2γ display multiple bioenergetic dysfunctional phenotypes, including 1) growth retardation, 2) cold intolerance, 3) reduced exercise endurance, 4) greatly increased mortality from cardiac stress after transverse aortic constriction, 5) abnormal mitochondrial function with a 65% decrease in ascorbate-induced Complex IV-mediated oxygen consumption, and 6) a reduction in myocardial cardiolipin content accompanied by an altered cardiolipin molecular species composition. We conclude that iPLA2γ is essential for maintaining efficient bioenergetic mitochondrial function through tailoring mitochondrial membrane lipid metabolism and composition.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and idiopathic diarrhoea in Bangladesh.

Faecal Escherichia coli from Bangalee patients with idiopathic diarrhoea were tested in the Chinese hamster ovary cell (C.H.O.) assay to detect production of thermolabile enterotoxin (L.T.). C.H. O-positive E. coli produce both L.T. and a thermostable toxin (S.T.). C.H. O. -positive strains were found in 19.2% of all cases and in 70% of the most severely ill patients with non-vibrio cholera. E. coli which produce S.T. alone were identified in a third of the C.H. O. -negative cases. Enterotoxigenic E. coli were found in 55% of inpatients with idiopathic diarrhoea and, if an aetiological role is confirmed, may be one of the commonest causes of tropical diarrhoea.
The vermiform appendix: A review

New research on the vermiform appendix has shed light on its function. In further understanding the function of the appendix, this information should not negatively impact the clinical judgment in the event of appendicitis. Although the appendix and its pathology have been noted for centuries, it still presents a challenge in the operating room. The most common emergency surgical procedure performed is an appendectomy. Its highly variable position within the abdomen can cause confusion for clinicians. However, improved imaging modalities have heightened the physician's ability to diagnose disease of this organ. This article reviews germane literature regarding the human vermiform appendix. Clin. Anat. 26:833–842, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of Prasugrel Active Metabolite Concentrations From 2 Downstream Inactive Metabolite Concentrations Using Multilinear Regression Analysis

Prasugrel is a thienopyridine prodrug that is metabolized to an active metabolite (Pras‐AM), which inhibits adenosine diphosphate (ADP)–induced platelet aggregation. The study objective was to describe a multilinear regression correlation model that was used to quantitatively predict concentrations of Pras‐AM from downstream inactive metabolites, R‐119251 and R‐106583, for the purpose of estimating Pras‐AM exposure in patients in the TRITON‐TIMI 38 sub‐studies. The model development included 1462 Pras‐AM, 1345 R‐119251, and 1456 R‐106583 concentration data points from 103 healthy participants with a prasugrel dose range of 15 to 80 mg. The model was shown to provide good correlation between predicted and observed concentrations with only a minor deviation of ∼6% from the unity line and described the variability within ∼4.5%. Examination of the data indicated that regardless of ethnicity, age, weight, moderate hepatic impairment, or renal impairment, predictions were reliable. Predicted Pras‐AM concentrations in TRITON‐TIMI 38 were comparable with historical data.
Key factors influencing allied health research capacity in a large Australian metropolitan health district

Objective The aim of this study was to identify key factors affecting research capacity and engagement of allied health professionals working in a large metropolitan health service. Identifying such factors will assist in determining strategies for building research capacity in allied health. Materials and methods A total of 276 allied health professionals working within the Sydney Local Health District (SLHD) completed the Research Capacity in Context Tool (RCCT) that measures research capacity and culture across three domains: organization, team, and individual. An exploratory factor analysis was undertaken to identify common themes within each of these domains. Correlations were performed between demographic variables and the identified factors to determine possible relationships. Results Research capacity and culture success/skill levels were reported to be higher within the organization and team domains compared to the individual domain (median [interquartile range, IQR] 6 [5–8], 6 [5–8], 5 [3–7], respectively; Friedman χ2(2)=42.04, p<0.001). Exploratory factor analyses were performed to identify factors that were perceived by allied health respondents to affect research capacity. Factors identified within the organization domain were infrastructure for research (eg, funds and equipment) and research culture (eg, senior manager’s support for research); within the team domain the factors were research orientation (eg, dissemination of results at research seminars) and research support (eg, providing staff research training). Within the individual domain, only one factor was identified which was the research skill of the individual (eg, literature evaluation, submitting ethics applications and data analysis, and writing for publication). Conclusion The reported skill/success levels in research were lower for the individual domain compared to the organization or team domains. Key factors were identified in each domain that impacted on allied health research capacity. As these factors were different in each domain, various strategies may be required at the level of the organization, team, and individual to support and build allied health research capacity.
An exploration of web-based monitoring: implications for design

Monitoring occurs when users return to previously viewed web pages to view new or updated information. While tools exist to support web-based monitoring, we know little about the monitoring activities users engage in and the nature of the support needed. We have conducted 40 semi-structured interviews in order to better understand the types of information users monitor and the characteristics of different monitoring activities. Using the data collected during the interviews, we characterized monitoring as an activity within six web information tasks: Browsing, Communications, Fact Finding, Information Gathering, Maintenance, and Transactions. The results of our study have been used to provide general, as well as task specific, recommendations for the design of monitoring tools.
Non-suicidal self-injury among children with hearing loss and intellectual disability.

OBJECTIVE To find the prevalence and to identify the predictors of non-suicidal self-injury among school-going children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan, from September 2015 to October 2016, and comprised children with intellectual disability and hearing loss. Participants were recruited from schools for special children located in Gujranwala, Jhelum and Gujrat. Multistage stratified sampling technique was used. RESULTS Of the 325 children, 178(50.4%) had intellectual disability and 175(49.6%) had hearing loss. Findings indicated that the prevalence of self-injurious behaviour was higher in children with intellectual disability 48(27%) compared to their counterparts with hearing loss 3(2%). Neural network, when administered on whole data set, indicated type of disability 0.474(100%), education/training 0.99(20.9%) and access of counselling 0.114(24%) as important predictors of non-suicidal self-injury in both groups. On the other hand, the degree of disability (hearing loss 0.42[100%]; intellectual disability 0.32[100%]), education/ training (hearing loss 0.18[43%]; intellectual disability 0.27[84.5%]) and access of counselling (hearing loss 0.175[41.8%]; intellectual disability 0.256[78.7%]) were important predictors of non-suicidal self-injury among the participants, when neural network was run on the split files on the basis of disability. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among children with intellectual disability was higher as compared to those with hearing loss.
Growth and growth hormone. IV. Limitations of the growth hormone response to insulin and arginine and of the immunoreactive insulin response to arginine in the assessment of growth hormone deficiency in children.

The growth hormone (GH) response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and to arginine infusion has been evaluated in 60 children with growth retardation. These children have been classified into three groups: Group 1-9 children had peak serum growth hormone values of 7 mµg/ml or greater to both stimuli, a normal growth hormone response. Group 2-18 children had peak GH values of ≤ 3 mµg/ml to both stimuli, an abnormal response indicating growth hormone deficiency. Group 3-6 children had a blunted GH response (> 3 < 7 mµg/ml) to both stimuli; 8 showed a normal rise in serum GH following arginine infusion (> 7 mµg/ml) but exhibited no rise, or a minimal one, following insulin administration; 9 children had minimal increase in serum GH concentration following arginine infusion but showed a normal GH response to insulin administration (> 7mµg/ml). Children included in Group 3 represent a heterogenous population. In some patients with a blunted response to both stimuli, evidence of partial or less severe form of GH deficiency was found, whereas in 17 of 18 children exhibiting a disparate response the impaired growth was not attributable to growth hormone deficiency. The blood glucose at all sampling periods was significantly lower following insulin administration in patients in Group 2 than that observed for children in Group 1 and 3. The blood glucose was significantly lower at 90 and 120 minutes following arginine infusion in Group 2 compared to values for patients in Group 1 and 3. Changes in serum insulin in response to the infusion of arginine did not provide a useful index of discrimination among these groups. Administration of diethylstilbestrol, 10 mg/day times 2 days, prior to testing can modify the GH response to both hypoglycemia and arginine; it is a useful ancillary procedure in children with blunted or disparate responses. These studies suggest that two types of stimulation tests are necessary to establish the diagnosis of isolated GH deficiency with a high degree of probability.
Patient income level and cancer clinical trial participation.

PURPOSE Studies have shown an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and quality of oncology care, but less is known about the impact of patient SES on clinical trial participation. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed clinical trial participation patterns according to important SES (income, education) and demographic factors in a large sample of patients surveyed via an Internet-based treatment decision tool. Logistic regression, conditioning on type of cancer, was used. Attitudes toward clinical trials were assessed using prespecified items about treatment, treatment tolerability, convenience, and cost. RESULTS From 2007 to 2011, 5,499 patients were successfully surveyed. Forty percent discussed clinical trials with their physician, 45% of discussions led to physician offers of clinical trial participation, and 51% of offers led to clinical trial participation. The overall clinical trial participation rate was 9%. In univariate models, older patients (P = .002) and patients with lower income (P = .001) and education (P = .02) were less likely to participate in clinical trials. In a multivariable model, income remained a statistically significant predictor of clinical trial participation (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.94; P = .01). Even in patients age ≥ 65 years, who have universal access to Medicare, lower income predicted lower trial participation. Cost concerns were much more evident among lower-income patients (P < .001). CONCLUSION Lower-income patients were less likely to participate in clinical trials, even when considering age group. A better understanding of why income is a barrier may help identify ways to make clinical trials better available to all patients and would increase the generalizability of clinical trial results across all income levels.
Minority women victims of recent sexual violence: disparities in incident history.

AIMS The aims of this descriptive study were to (1) describe assault and care characteristics and (2) determine differences in assault and care characteristics between black women and white women who sought emergency care following sexual violence. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional design was used to examine forensic examination data characterizing the incident history reported by women victims of sexual violence at the time of a forensic nurse examination. Examinations occurred at an urban university-affiliated hospital emergency department (ED) over a 2-year period. RESULTS Of the women (n = 173) seeking care in the ED, 58.4% were black and 41.6% were white. When compared with white women, black women were more likely to have weapons used in their assaults (42.6% vs. 16.7%, p < 0.00) and to be assaulted in the city rather than the suburbs (82.8% vs. 56.5%, p < 0.00). In general, substance use prior to the assault was reported to have occurred in 49.1% of the victims and 41% of the assailants; however, differences existed in the type and pattern of substance use by race/ethnicity. Black victims were more likely to report use of illicit drugs (28.7% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.01). White women were more likely than black women to report personal alcohol use prior to their assault, with significant differences for drinking by victims (47.2% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.01) or assailant use of alcohol (47.2% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.00). White women were more likely than black women to report both they and the assailant had used some type of substance (38.9 vs. 21.8, p = 0.01). Black women were more likely to arrive to the ED via EMS services (45.5% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.03). There were no reported differences in care characteristics by race. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that differences exist in assault characteristics between black and white women. Use of substances, including alcohol, plays an important role in sexual violence in women and should be a focus of preventive intervention initiatives when conducting a forensic examination. Both coordinated responses and comprehensive, individualized care by specially trained providers are important in the emergency care of minority women who are victims of recent sexual violence.
Wideband low-profile circular polarized rectangular loop antenna over a mushroom-like EBG structure

In this paper, a wideband dual rectangular loop antenna over an EBG surface is proposed for low profile wireless applications. A low frequency mushroom-like EBG surface is used as the antenna ground plane. In comparison with a PEC ground plane, design of antenna above an EBG ground plane results in 60% reduction of the structure thickness. The investigated antenna is designed for circular polarization. It is shown that the axial ratio bandwidth (<3dB) and return loss bandwidth (<10dB) of the dual rectangular loop antenna above the designed EBG surface are 18% and 14%, respectively. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole following intravenous and oral administration and body fluid concentrations of voriconazole following repeated oral administration in horses.

OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole following IV and PO administration and assess the distribution of voriconazole into body fluids following repeated PO administration in horses. ANIMALS 6 clinically normal adult horses. PROCEDURES All horses received voriconazole (10 mg/kg) IV and PO (2-week interval between treatments). Plasma voriconazole concentrations were determined prior to and at intervals following administration. Subsequently, voriconazole was administered PO (3 mg/kg) twice daily for 10 days to all horses; plasma, synovial fluid, CSF, urine, and preocular tear film concentrations of voriconazole were then assessed. RESULTS Mean +/- SD volume of distribution at steady state was 1,604.9 +/- 406.4 mL/kg. Systemic bioavailability of voriconazole following PO administration was 95 +/- 19%; the highest plasma concentration of 6.1 +/- 1.4 microg/mL was attained at 0.6 to 2.3 hours. Mean peak plasma concentration was 2.57 microg/mL, and mean trough plasma concentration was 1.32 microg/mL. Mean plasma, CSF, synovial fluid, urine, and preocular tear film concentrations of voriconazole after long-term PO administration were 5.163 +/- 1.594 microg/mL, 2.508 +/- 1.616 microg/mL, 3.073 +/- 2.093 microg/mL, 4.422 +/- 0.8095 microg/mL, and 3.376 +/- 1.297 microg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that voriconazole distributed quickly and widely in the body; following a single IV dose, initial plasma concentrations were high with a steady and early decrease in plasma concentration. Absorption of voriconazole after PO administration was excellent, compared with absorption after IV administration. Voriconazole appears to be another option for the treatment of fungal infections in horses.