Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tissue-specific response of primary metabolites in tomato plants affected by different K nutrition status

As one of the most important mineral nutrient elements, potassium (K) plays crucial roles in many fundamental processes, including enzyme activation, membrane transport, anion neutralization and osmo-regulation, and determines the yield and quality of crop production. In order to better understand and elucidate plant tissue-specific primary metabolic changes under different K nutrition status. Four-week-old tomato plants were subjected to different K nutrition situations: low (0.25 mM); normal (2.5 mM); and high (10.0 mM); and the emerging leaves, fully expanded leaves, petioles, stem and roots were harvested at 15 and 30 days, time points which the external symptoms are observed, after K treatments. Primary metabolites, amino acids, organic acids and sugars, extracted from each tomato tissue were measured with HPLC system. Several interesting findings from this study could be summarized as follows: (1) metabolites showed K-dependent responses, which indicated that the rates of an increase and decrease in low K-affected were 50 % : 50 % ;whereas, 80 % : 20 % in high K; (2) the petioles revealed the most sensitive plant tissue in response to K nutrition status; and (3) metabolites such as glucose and fructose (soluble sugars), malate and citrate (organic acids), and glutamine, asparagine, glutamate and aspartate (amino acids) strongly fluctuated (up or down) by the K nutrition ratio. These findings may contribute to a better understanding and elucidating the tissue-specific biosynthetic patterns and primary metabolite accumulation under different K nutrition ratios, and provide a new strategy for comprehensive information involved in the spatio-temporal metabolic networks
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Hepatic Complications after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Background: Hepatic dysfunction in patients who have undergone allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of post-transplantation hepatic complications in these patients. Methods: A total of 121 patients (age above 15 with no abnormality in their hepatic tests) participated in the study. The influence of a variety of risk factors on the incidence, type, and pattern of hepatic dysfunction as well as the length of hospital stay related to these complications were studied. Results : As a whole, 76 patients (62%)—44 males and 32 females—were diagnosed with hepatic dysfunction after transplantation. As many as 31(25%) of the patients showed increased measures in their hepatic enzyme, while 45(37%) of them ended up with both abnormal enzyme measure and clinical symptoms including diarrhoea, skin rash, jaundice, and anorexia. The hepatic dysfunction rates owing to drug toxicity and GVHD (21.5% and 16.5%, respectively) proved to be the highest in our study. Analysing risk factors, the immunosuppressive regimen could affect the type of hepatic dysfunction—i.e., less patients with GVHD were found in the group who received ATG in their regimen (p-value =0.034). Conclusion : According to these findings, the immunosuppressive regimen can play a role in preventing the incidence of GVHD. Less occurrence of hepatic complications, especially GVHD, may lead to less clinical symptoms and time of hospital stay.
Reputation Management: How to deal with reputation threats in social media

This paper provides the reader with a review of current findings on how managers should react on reputation threats originating from social media. Various, singular advices to avoid and respond on reputational threats are described, analyzed and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Up to now a structured uniform rescue action plan is missing in the literature. This thesis presents a new model, namely the pandemic model, which aligns singular advices and adds new advices resulting in an six phases emergency action plan. The phases of the emergency action plan are: origin, frustration, going public, pandemic, end of pandemic, post-processing. This plan is structured like a pandemic rescue plan and exploits correlations to a pandemic known from health care. The pandemic model enables to emphasize advices found in the literature and the emergency action plan can be seen as a best-practice tool to solve reputation threats for managers. The content of the paper is meant for managers, leaders and employees in the reputation department of a multinational company that can benefit from using the authors model to decrease a threat through social media attacks.
Ganoderic Acid Accumulation and Biosynthetic Gene Expression during Fruiting Body Development in Ganoderma lucidum

Objective: This work aimed to investigate the accumulation of total triterpenoids, individual ganoderic acid (GA) content and expression of four important biosynthetic genes during fruiting body development in Ganoderma lucidum. Methods: Individual GA content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and the transcription levels of the GA biosynthetic genes were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Results: The maximum content for total triterpenoids, GA-T, GA-S and GA-Me was 1210, 16.5, 14.3, 12.5 g/ 100 mg dry weight, respectively, at the immature stage. The maximum transcript levels for GA biosynthetic genes encoding 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, squalene synthase and lanosterol synthase were up-regulated by 1.8-, 8.7-, 30.5- and 19.2-fold at the immature stage. Conclusion: The result showed that the content of total triterpenoids and individual GA at the immature stage was higher than that at the primordium and the mature stages. The higher GA content at the immature stage was partially related to increased transcription of these genes. This work will be help for better utilization of fruiting body of G. lucidum and further investigations on the GA biosynthesis regulation.
Health survey research on children with physical disabilities in Canada

Knowledge about health behaviours of children with physical disabilities is important in health promotion efforts to prevent the development of secondary conditions. To this end, we discuss the feasibility of including children with physical disabilities, e.g. spina bifida and cerebral palsy, in mainstream children’s health behaviour surveys, e.g. the international Health Behaviour of School-aged Children: A WHO Cross-national Survey (HBSC). Our findings showed that the survey questions about lifestyles, peers, family and schools were relevant to these children. However, recruitment of a representative sample and survey administration required considerable adaptation to recommended protocol. We propose that for children with moderate or severe disabilities, who have low reading skills or motor problems, special substudies linked to national health behaviour surveys should be carried out. However, for a more population-based approach, the utility of routinely including questions about physical disabilities and other health problems in national and international health behaviour surveys should be investigated. Health survey research on children with physical disabilities in Canada
Linear Programming Formulation of a Dairy Drink Made of Cocoa, Coffee and Orange By-Products

The agricultural industry generates large amounts of residues, commonly considered waste. In this study, we used by-products from industrial processing of cacao, coffee and orange. An enriched dairy product was elaborated using a 10% aqueous extract of cocoa bean shells, coffee husk and orange peel. A design of mixtures of extreme vertices was applied to test variation in the proportion of the three ingredients in the aqueous extract. Sensorial characteristics like taste, odor, color and appearance were evaluated by a semi-trained testing panel applying the method of multiple comparisons, comparing the test formulations with a commercial drink of coffee and cocoa. The test formulations that were rated similar to the reference drink were selected to improve their total polyphenol content (TPC) applying a mathematical process of linear optimization. This approach indicated an optimal formulation containing 74 % cocoa bean shells, 24.50% coffee husk and 1.50% orange peel. This formulation gave TPC values of 5.74 ± 0.41 Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) mg/g, 82.20 ± 0.08% antioxidant activity by the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 114.78 mg/l caffeine content. The results demonstrate the feasibility to produce a drink enriched in antioxidant compounds retaining good sensorial attributes using industrial sub products.
The Coach-athlete relationship and Self-determination: Assessing an Athlete Centered Scale in sport

One purpose of the present study was to develop and test the factor structure of a multidimensional and hierarchical instrument for measuring athlete-centered coaching called the Athlete-Centered Coaching Scale (ACS). Another purpose of the study was to validate the ACS through an inspection of the relation with the three psychological needs proposed by self-determination theory (SDT). The ACS was measured by a 16-item scale and was developed to capture important relational elements based on the theoretical framework developed by Carl Rogers. Need satisfaction was measured by a modified version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction at Work Scale (BPNSWS) that we named the Reduced Need Satisfaction Scale (RNSS). Participants in the study were 382 junior athletes in different sports such as cross country skiing, nordic combined, ski jumping, volleyball, handball, track and field, ice hockey, biathlon, cycling and orienteering. Both the ACS and the SDT were investigated by means of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) before a structural model was tested. The confirmatory factor analyses supported both a first and second order model of the ACS constituting the four dimensions of the ACS; (1) Congruence, 2) Empathy, 3) Positive regard, and 4) Commonness. The structural model had acceptable fit to data and revealed that the ACS was positively related to SDT. The present study extends the literature on athletecentered coaching and its relation to other concepts. The results of the study are discussed together with limitations and suggestions for further research.
Competition and Illicit Quality

Competition among firms can have many positive outcomes, including decreased prices and improved quality. Yet competition can have a darker side when firms can gain competitive advantage through illicit and corrupt activities. In this paper, we argue that competition can lead organizations to provide illicit quality that satisfies customer demand but violates laws and regulations and that this outcome is particularly likely when price competition is restricted. Using 28 million vehicle emissions tests from more than 11,000 facilities, we show that increased competition is associated with greater inspection leniency, a form of illicit quality that customers value but is illegal and socially costly. Firms with greater numbers of local competitors pass customers at considerably higher rates and are more likely to lose customers they fail to pass, suggesting that the alternatives that competition provides to customers intensify pressure to illegally provide leniency. We also show that, at least in contexts when pricing is restricted, firms use illicit quality as an entry strategy.
Public Interest Media Activism and Advocacy as a Social Movement: A Review of the Literature

This report examines the academic literature focused on public interest media and communications activism and advocacy within the U.S. and abroad (labeled, in the name of brevity, the “media reform” movement throughout this report). This report first seeks to outline the parameters of the movement under consideration, in terms of the primary conceptual frames employed, outcomes pursued, and strategic approaches. As this section illustrates, the media reform movement is characterized by a diverse array of conceptual frames (ranging from “media reform” to “media justice” to “communication rights” to “media democracy”), and a hesitancy at this point to coalesce around a single unifying frame. The movement is similarly diverse in terms of its outcome priorities and in terms of the strategic approaches employed by its various member organizations. The second section of the report charts the origins and evolution of the research in this field. As this section illustrates, over time the analytical approach that scholars have brought to the topic increasingly has adopted a social movement theory perspective. The third section considers the media reform movement as a social movement, identifying key recurring themes in the literature related to the interaction between media reform and other social movements, to the relationship between social movements and the media, and to the organization and performance of the organizations driving the media reform movement. As this section illustrates, media reform is unique in the extent to which its goals can facilitate the success of other social movements, but also is uniquely hampered by the extent to which traditional mainstream media are motivated to deny press coverage to media reform. This section also highlights some of the most common critiques leveled at the media reform movement, ranging from a lack of coordination and collaboration between groups, to a lack of a strong nation-wide constituency, to a primarily reactive orientation toward policy issues. The concluding section summarizes the key findings of the report and offers a series of recommendations related to strategic approaches for the movement and to avenues for future research.
Increase of an introduced bird competitor in old-growth forest associated with restoration

Many successful invasions involve long initial periods in which the invader exists at low densities followed by sudden population increases. The reasons for such time-lags remain poorly understood. Here we document a sudden increase in density of the introduced Japanese white-eye (Zosterops japonicus) in a restoration area contiguous with old-growth forest at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge on the Island of Hawaii. The refuge, with very high density of native birds, existed in a pocket of low whiteeye density that persisted for at least 20 years since the late 1970s. The refuge began an extensive native trees restoration project in 1989 within a 1314 ha abandoned pasture above old-growth forest. This area was soon colonized by white-eyes and their population grew exponentially once the trees had grown tall enough to develop a canopy. This increase was in turn followed by significantly more white-eyes in the open and closed forests adjacent to the restoration area. Competition between white-eyes and native species was documented on study sites within these forests. Density data indicate that competition was more widespread, with loss of tens of thousands of native birds in the 5371 ha area surveyed. Our results are consistent with the view that ecological barriers may delay the population increase of invaders and that human-derived activities may help invaders cross these barriers by creating new ecological opportunities. Control of white-eye numbers may be essential for recovery of native species.
Transferable Potentials for Phase Equilibria. 1. United-Atom Description of n-Alkanes

A new set of united-atom Lennard-Jones interaction parameters for n-alkanes is proposed from fitting to critical temperatures and saturated liquid densities. Configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations in the Gibbs ensemble were carried out to determine the vapor−liquid coexistence curves for methane to dodecane using three united-atom force fields: OPLS [Jorgensen, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 813], SKS [Siepmann, et al. Nature 1993, 365, 330], and TraPPE. Standard specific densities and the high-pressure equation-of-state for the transferable potentials for phase equilibria (TraPPE) model were studied by simulations in the isobaric−isothermal and canonical ensembles, respectively. It is found that one set of methyl and methylene parameters is sufficient to accurately describe the fluid phases of all n-alkanes with two or more carbon atoms. Whereas other n-alkane force fields employ methyl groups that are either equal or larger in size than the methylene groups, it is demonstrated here that usin.
Detecting the Late Stages of Syntactic Change: The Loss of V-to-T in Faroese

While all of the Scandinavian languages have verb-second order in main clauses, they vary in the word order in subordinate clauses: in Icelandic the finite verb appears in a high position, to the left of negation and sentence-medial adverbs, while in all of the standard Mainland Scandinavian languages it remains in a low position, to the right of these elements. This order in Mainland Scandinavian is known to be the result of a historical change, and has frequently been tied to the loss of agreement morphology. Faroese has been argued to be currently undergoing a change of the same type, but it has proved difficult to establish a sound empirical footing for the various claims about the syntax of this language. In this article we present data from three experimental investigations of acceptability, supplemented with a study of available texts, that show that the language is very close to completing the change in the loss of the high position for the verb, but that its syntax is still distinct in this respect from that of Danish, the mainland Scandinavian language with which it is in most contact. In addition to establishing a firmer empirical basis for theories of verb movement, our study also makes the methodological point that grammaticality-judgment tasks can yield extremely fine-grained results even in cases where variability is at issue.
Chapter 3 Etiology , Immunopathogenesis and Biomarkers in Behçet ’ s disease

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a type of vasculitis with many distinctive clinical manifestations and multifactorial immunopathogenesis. The cause of BD remains unknown, but it has been postulated that in a genetically predisposed or susceptible population, exogenous agents trigger the dysregulation of both autoinflammatory and autoimmune responses resulting in multisystem vasculitis. There are robust ongoing efforts across the globe to elucidate and identify signature markers to improve and assist in rapid diagnosis of the disease and to tailor the best therapy accordingly. While association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B51 (B51:01 subtype) allele is well recognized as the strongest genetic susceptibility gene so far among genetically predisposed BD patients, further investigations using the latest technology have led to the identification of several novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other associated genes involved in the pathogenesis. There are several “established” cytokines known to be involved in the pathogenesis of BD, which have been further implicated in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-based cytokine/receptor gene loci studies, as well as numerous “novel” cytokines, which are currently being studied and identified. This chapter offers insights into current knowledge and thoughts regarding the future of biomarkers in BD.
Settlement, movement and early juvenile mortality of the yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus

Visual censuses of recently settled yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus were made within a grid measuring 50 · 25 m established in a <1 m deep seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) bed in the British Virgin Islands, eastern Caribbean, between September 1999 and July 2000. A peak of 92 newly settled O. chrysurus was observed around the new moon in September 1999, followed by a decline of more than 75% over 3 wk. Light trapping near adjacent fringing reefs documented a con- current pulse of late pelagic stage O. chrysurus. Observations in April-May and June-July 2000 recorded much smaller supply events and lower settlement densities. The effects of post-settlement movement, as opposed to early mortality, were assessed and concluded to be negligible. Firstly, fish <8 cm total length were consistently observed in the seagrass but were never recorded in censuses of adjacent rocky habitat, where older juveniles occurred. Thus, settlement-stage fish were assumed to reside in seagrass for several weeks. Second, average home ranges for fish of 2 to 2.5 cm and 3 to 3.5 cm total length were estimated to be 2.3 m 2 and 6.3 m 2 , respectively, indicating that movement of newly settled O. chrysurus was negligible compared to the size of the census area (1250 m 2 ). Third, late pelagic-stage O. chrysurus caught with light traps in adjacent waters were tagged with fluores- cent elastomer and released at the center of the seagrass grid the evening after their capture. Ninety- six individuals were released over 3 evenings in September 1999. Concurrent aquarium studies showed tagging mortality was 13%. Over the following 8 d, 32 re-sightings were made. Only 1 fish was seen more than 2 to 3 m distant from where it was sighted on the first census after releases were completed, providing convincing evidence of site fidelity after settlement. Using a simple model, we conservatively estimated the coefficient of daily mortality, M, at settlement to be about 0.28 (equiva- lent to 76% survival d -1 ) and to reduce by 0.042 thereafter.
Condition Factors of Some Cyprinid Fishes of Kilickaya Reservoir, Sivas, Turkey

This study, investigate the condition factors of some Cyprinid fishes in Kilickaya Reservoir, Central Anatolian region of Turkey. The obtained results were compared with other studies from different habitats in Turkey. Cyprinus carpio (1.7856±0.2603) has the greatest mean condition factor followed by Leuciscus cephalus (1.6373±0.1483), Capoeta sieboldii (1.1596±0.1186), Capoeta tinca (1.1375±0.0991) and Barbus plebejus (1.1336± 0.1083). According to the results, condition factors of some Cyprinid fishes are shown that a good level of nutrition of fish and nutritional capacity in Kilickaya Reservoir. Knowledge of condition factors of some Cyprinid fishes are important for adequate management and maintenance of the bio-ecological equilibrium of the ecosystem in Kilickaya Reservoir.
Reading Instruction for Students With High-Incidence Disabilities in Juvenile Corrections

This study was designed to obtain (a) a national picture of the characteristics of special educators who provide reading or English instruction in juvenile corrections facilities and (b) characteristics of the schools in which they work and the students who they serve. In addition, the study was designed to gather information on teacher use of specific reading instructional strategies. A national random sample of 108 (28.6%) reading or English teachers responded to a mail and online survey. No statistically significant differences existed between responsive and nonresponsive schools. Results indicated that teachers commonly hold bachelor's degrees and have an average of 10.9 years teaching experience. Teachers reported using some research-based instructional approaches to comprehension instruction, but they rarely integrate technology or peer-mediated instructional strategies into their instruction. A majority of teachers reported that at least 50% of their students with high-incidence disabilities could not read well enough to gain basic information from text. Additional results and implications are provided.