Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vliv oxidačních produktů beta kyselin chmele na hořkost piva.

Chmelove pryskyřice jsou z pivovarskeho hlediska nejdůležitějsi složky chmele . Jejich transformacni produkty, ktere se tvoři při chmelovaru, jsou zdrojem typicke hořkosti piva, stabilizuji pivni pěnu a diky antiseptickým ucinkům zvysuji biologickou trvanlivost piva (Haas, 1994; Schmalreck, 1975) . Nejdůležitějsi podil na celkove hořkosti piva patři transformacnim produktům chmelových alfa kyselin, ktere se při chmelovaru izomeruji na přislusne cisa trans-iso-alfa kyseliny (Jaskula, 2008; Jaskula, 2010; Intelmann, 2010) . Jejich hořkost, změny v průběhu starnuti piva, autooxidacni reakce a dalsi vlastnosti jsou dobře popsany (Hughes, 1996; Fritsch, 2008) . Byly take zpracovany kineticke studie izomeracni reakce za různých podminek chmelovaru (Malowicki, 2005) . Chovani beta kyselin za stejných podminek je zcela odlisne . Protože neobsahuji terciarni alkoholovou skupinu v aromatickem jadru, nemohou izomerovat podobně jako alfa kyseliny . Beta kyseliny, přitomne ve chmelu, jsou citlive k oxidacnim reakcim, iniciovaným vzduchem (Laws, 1968; Verzele, 1991) . Ve větsim rozsahu dochazi k oxidacnim změnam během dlouhodobeho skladovani nezpracovaných hlavek . Oxidace je teměř kvantitativni během varniho procesu piva (Regan, 1968) . Nejdele znamými oxidacnimi produkty rozkladu beta kyselin jsou hulupony (SteVliv oxidacnich produktů beta kyselin chmele na hořkost piva
Optimization of the flexible mould process for the production of double-curved concrete elements

Free-form buildings tend to be expensive. By optimizing the production process, economical and wellperforming concrete structures and elements can be manufactured. In this paper, an innovative method is presented that allows producing highly accurate double curved-elements without the need for milling two expensive mould surfaces per single element. The flexible mould is fully reusable and the benefits of applying self-compacting concrete are utilised. The flexible mould process work as follows: Thin concrete panels are cast in a horizontally positioned flexible mould, using a self-levelling concrete. After a certain initial hardening, the mould is deformed and the concrete is allowed to harden further. The knowledge about rheological characteristics is essential during casting and to find the suitable moment for the mould to be deformed. The behaviour of the concrete in the plastic stage is important: A) to allow the concrete to follow the deformation of the flexible mould, B) to counteract its movement under a slope and C) to prevent cracking in an early phase. After the flexible mould has reached its final position, the concrete develops its strength and can be demoulded in a short production-cycle; aesthetically attractive elements of different and complex geometries can be produced with the same reusable mould. The flexible mould process was studied with an experimental program on the influence of the mould material, shaping mechanism, element thickness, mix design and rheological characteristics. High strength self-compacting concrete was applied with different aggregate sizes for the production of the elements. In initial experiments, no reinforcement was added in the panels. In later tests, elements were reinforced with textiles that were able to follow the deformation of the mould.
Cross-frontal variation in growth rate and prey availability of larval North Sea cod Gadus morhua

Fish larvae are often concentrated in areas of hydrographic fronts and frontal processes are likely to affect larval growth and survival. The potential influence could be direct through impact from specific physical parameters, or it could be indirect through enhancement of prey availability in the frontal zone. The present paper examines the physical-biological linkages for cod larvae distrib- uted across hydrographic fronts in the NE North Sea, hypothesising that larval growth rate and prey availability are promoted in the central frontal zone. Cod larvae and zooplankton were sampled along a series of cross-frontal transects in May of 1992, 1993 and 1994. Growth rate was ascertained from age-at-length, using otolith examination, while prey availability was estimated from copepod abundance and prey preference curves. Larval growth rate was significantly promoted at the front, and significant along-frontal and interannual differences were also found. Prey availability was enhanced in the frontal areas, but there was no significant relationship between availability and cor- responding estimates of larval growth rate. The findings stress the need to consider environmental variability when ascertaining growth rates of larval fishes and point to the influence of hydrographic fronts in the survival and recruitment processes of fishes.
Endemicity of avian influenza in ducks living around commercial layer farms.

The progenitors of all avian influenza viruses are generally derived from ducks or other waterfowl that have undergone mutation and adaptation to become pathogenic in chickens or other poultry. Investigation of the presence of avian influenza viruses in ducks especially those living around chicken farms is, therefore, important. Serum from 54 ducks and 51 Muscovy ducks living around commercial layer farms in the districts of Cianjur and Sukabumi were collected in March - April 2014. The indication of AI-virus infection in those birds was based on an array of serological tests including competitive and indirect ELISAs for antibody to nucleoprotein, MM2e ELISA for antibody to M2e, HI test, ELISAs and dot blot for antibodies to haemagglutinin, and dot blot assay for antibodies to neuraminidase. Recombinant Haemagglutinins (H1-H13 and H15), recombinant neuraminidases (N1, N2, N7 and N9) and recombinant influenza-A nucleoprotein were used in the indirect ELISAs and dot blot assays. As many as 63% of duck samples and 13% Muscovy-duck samples were serologically positive to nucleoprotein, and 62% of the nucleoprotein-seropositive ducks were also positive to M2e. The high seroprevalence of AI in the ducks living around commercial poultry farms suggested that application of strict biosecurity measures on those farms is still needed. Based on the results of the ELISA and dot blot assays, AI virus subtypes H9N2 and H5N2, in addition to H5N1, were suspected to be circulating in those ducks. Further confirmation by virus isolation, however, is required because H9N2 and H5N2 subtypes have yet been unknown Indonesia and both the subtypes can cause serious disease in poultry. Ke y Words : Duck, Immunoassay, Avian Influenza, H5N1, H5N2, H9N2
Analysis of Ionospheric Precursor of Earthquake using GIM-TEC, Kriging and Neural Network

Analysis of ionospheric precursor is not easy because the ionosphere is very dynamic as well as the earthquake phenomena. If the analysis method is the same dynamics with the earthquake phenomena, the estimation of earthquake parameters is possible to be realized. Neural network is an adaptive system that changes its structure to solve the problem during a learning phase. Therefore, the neural network is potentially to estimate the parameter of earthquake based on ionospheric precursor. A preliminary attempt was made to construct the neural network that can estimate the epicenter area. The GIM-TEC star method is useful to determine ionospheric anomalies associated with large earthquakes as ionospheric precursor data. The Kriging method is good to interpolate GIM-TEC star data as input of neural networks to estimate the epicenter area. The conclusion of five models of the ionosphere anomalies due to seismic activity show that the epicenter is at the edge of the less developed anomalies, whereas, for the growing anomalies, the epicenter is always located near the boundary of high and low density of TEC anomalies. The boundary is projection of the boundary of the unstressed and stressed rock area below the earth’s surface.
Effects of magnetic drift shell splitting on electron diffusion in the radiation belts

Drift shell splitting in the presence of pitch angle scattering breaks all three adiabatic invariants of radiation belt electron motion and produces new diffusion terms that fully populate the diffusion tensor in the Fokker‐Planck equation. The Radbelt Electron Model (REM) solves such a Fokker‐Planck equation and is used to investigate the phase space density sources. Our simulation results and theoretical arguments suggest that drift shell splitting changes the phase space location of the source to smaller L shells, which typically reduces outer zone phase space density enhancements, and this reduction has a limit corresponding to two‐dimensional local diffusion on a curved surface in the phase space.
Alternative products against anthracnose affect selected primary and secondary metabolites in strawberry fruit

Introduction. Anthracnose disease causes severe economic losses in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa ) production. Plant response to the pathogen attack is closely linked to its content and composition of polyphenols. In order to reduce the damage caused by pathogens, organic and inorganic fungicides are applied. The aim was to determine the influence of selected fungicides on various metabolites in strawberry fruit. Materials and methods. The efficiency of potassium bicarbonate (PBC) and acetic acid (AA) was compared with the control and a fungicide treatment in the strawberry cv. Elsanta. To examine the possible effects of these fungicides, artificial inoculation was performed in all treatments except for the control. The percentage of infected fruits and the content of selected primary and secondary metabolites in non-infected and infected fruits were determined. Results and discussion. Both analyzed inorganic fungicides proved effective against anthracnose. AA treated fruits were the least infected (only 4%), followed by PBC, fungicide and control. The highest percentage (9.26%) of infected fruits was determined following artificial infection treatment. Total sugar content decreased for 32% in infected control and AA treated fruits. PBC treatment exhibited a positive effect on the organic acid content in comparison with other treatments. The content of phenolic compounds was higher in PBC treated fruits and did not change significantly after infection. Infection increased the total flavonol content of the fruit. Conclusion. The use of PBC and AA potentially present a prospective protection in the strawberry orchards especially for controlling anthracnose in organic fruit crops.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PROPOFOL KETAMINE AND PROPOFOL FENTANYL IN DAY CARE SURGERIES

To find the ideal drug combinations which can be used during day care surgeries and procedures. AIMS: This study was conducted. To evaluate and compare the efficacy, and haemodynamic stability of ketamine and fentanyl combination with propofol. To compare the incidence of side effects. To compare the time of awakening and recovery time. To compare the discharge criteria in both groups. METHODS: The study was conducted in 50 patients of age group 18-50 years of either gender belonging to ASA grade I and II, were divided into two groups of 25 each. They underwent elective surgery of approximately 1 hour duration. Group I received Propofol- ketamine while group II received Propofol-fentanyl for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Postoperatively, time for awakening, recovery time '(by modified Aldrete scoring system) and discharge status (by modified post anaesthetic discharge scoring system) were recorded and compared in two groups. RESULTS: Profol-fentanyl combination produced a significantly greater fall in pulse rate and in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure as compared to Propofol-ketamine during induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Fall in respiratory rate was greater in Propofol- fentanyl group as compared to Propofol-ketamine group. The recovery time in group I was longer than group II. Discharge criteria is significantly earlier in group II. CONCLUSION: Both Profol- ketamine and Propofol-fentanyl combination reduce rapid, pleasant and safe anesthesia with only a few untoward side effects and propofol-ketamine produces better haemodynamic statistic, during anaesthesia.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Citrullus lanatus Var. Colocynthoide Seed Oil

Citrullus lanatus var. Colocynthoide is one of the species of the Cucurbitaceae family which grows abundantly in Sudan. In this study, it was investigated as a new source of vegetable oil. An oil content of 35% was obtained. The extracted oil showed high stability against oxidation, with low level of trace elements and phosphorus compared to other edible vegetable oils. The oil showed high degree of unsaturation, and fatty acid composition was found in the range adopted by Food an Agriculture Organization (FAO). The IR spectrum is typical of that the vegetable edible oil. Most of the physicochemical properties were similar to those reported for cotton seed, groundnut and sunflower seed oils.
Modeling Factors Contributing to Injury and Fatality of Run-off-Road Crashes in Ohio

The main objective of this study was to determine the factors that contribute significantly to the levels of injury severity when run-off-road (ROR) crashes occur. This study used a 5-year crash data for years 2008 2012 from the state of Ohio. The decision tree model in conjunction with generalized ordered logit model was used to investigate characteristics of injury and fatality of run-off-road crashes in Ohio. The decision tree modeling was used for exploratory data analysis identified eight factors that explain a large amount of the variation in the response variable, injury severity. These predictor variables include road condition, ROR crash types, posted speed limit, vehicle type, gender, alcohol-related, road contour, and drug-related. The results from the generalized ordered logit regression show that the following are significant factors in increasing the likelihood of ROR injury severity levels, i.e., incapacitating and fatal injuries: alcohol and drugs use, curves and grades, female victims, overturn/rollover crashes, ROR crashes on dry roadway surfaces. Additionally, buses, truck, and emergency vehicles, and ROR crashes on roadways with posted speed limits of 40 mph or higher increase the probability of injury severity.
Magnetism of the Fe2+ and Ce3+ sublattices in Ce2O2FeSe2: A combined neutron powder diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering, and density functional study

The discovery of superconductivity in the 122 iron selenide materials above 30 K necessitates an understanding of the underlying magnetic interactions. We present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of magnetic and semiconducting Ce 2 O 2 FeSe 2 composed of chains of edge-linked iron selenide tetrahedra. The combined neutron diffraction and inelastic scattering study and density functional calculations confirm the ferromagnetic nature of nearest-neighbor Fe-Se-Fe interactions in the ZrCuSiAs-related iron oxyselenide Ce 2 O 2 FeSe 2 . Inelastic measurements provide an estimate of the strength of nearest-neighbor Fe-Fe and Fe-Ce interactions. These are consistent with density functional theory calculations, which reveal that correlations in the Fe-Se sheets of Ce 2 O 2 FeSe 2 are weak. The Fe on-site repulsion U Fe is comparable to that reported for oxyarsenides and K 1−x Fe 2−y Se 2 , which are parents to iron-based superconductors.
Critical lengths, mortality rates and relative yield per recruit of the common sole Solea solea from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast off Alexandria

Mortality rates of the common sole Solea solea from Alexandria were estimated based on the von Bertalanffy growth parameters obtained by the same authors as L∞ = 34.77cm; K= 0.55 year and t0 = 0.07 years for males, L∞ = 36.24 cm; K= 0.63 year, t0 = -0.01 years for females and L∞ =35.1 cm; K= 0.58 year −1 and t0 = 0.003 years for sexes combined during two fishing seasons (2011-2013). The total, natural and fishing mortalities were 2.09, 0.52 and 1.57 year respectively for males, 1.75, 0.53 and 1.22 year respectively for females and 1.7, 0.52 and 1.18 year respectively for sexes combined. Correspondingly, the exploitation ratio was E = 0.75, 0.7 and 0.69/y for males, females and sexes combined respectively. The estimated length at first capture Lc was 15.97, 12.72 and 14.22 cm for males, females and sexes combined, respectively while the length at first maturity Lm was 15.31, 15.87 and 15.98 cm for males, females and sexes combined, respectively. These results reflect the high level of the exploitation. The relative yield per recruit analysis showed that the stock of S. solea is over exploited and needs urgent management regulations to conserve this potential fishery.
The Gratitude of Underprivileged Young People in Hong Kong: The Potential Role of Religious Mentors

The factors that contribute to the development of gratitude in children and adolescents have yet to be determined fully; however, religion/spirituality are promising areas of investigation in the gratitude intervention research. In this study, 101 young people were recruited from a three-year faith-based mentorship program for a follow-up survey to investigate how adolescents’ gratitude is related to their interaction with Christian mentors. Path analysis not only showed the importance of mentors sharing their religious faith and personal life lessons in the development of gratitude, but also demonstrated that religious mentors’ influence on gratitude was entirely mediated through adolescents’ self-esteem, spirituality, and understanding of Christianity. The findings not only support that spiritual realm matters in gratitude development but also provide us with further insight into how gratitude emerges.
Problems in the Maintenance and Sustainable Use of Forest Resources in Priamurye in the Russian Far East

The forests of Priamurye, located in the southwestern part of the Russian Far East, are of great environmental and social importance. They are diverse in space, time and species composition and have large wood stock, which was traditionally exploited for timber harvesting. They are also a source of medicinal, food and technical resources, as well as being a location for hunting. In recent decades the productivity of the forests has been decreasing. This is a result of forest policy based on profit­ making from timber selling, and unsustainable methods of wood harvesting as well as on the disastrous impact of natural calamities such as forest fires, insect outbreaks and fungi infestations. In addition, the local forestry have faced a lack of co-ordination of federal and regional legislation, inadequate fmancing and the destruction of the forest management system during the period of reforms and the transition to a market-based economy. For sustainable use of the forest resources in Priamurye, a new system incorporating principles of practical forestry and forest management should be developed. The primary issues include: 1) the determination of the forms of forest ownership through the adoption of a new Forest Code of the Russian Federation; 2) the determination of sources and mechanisms for forestry fmancing, especially through forest resource lease; 3) the development of regional permanent forest surveying, fire protection and forest health monitoring systems.
LEXICAL AND ARTICULATORY ASPECTS OF SPEECH PRODUCTION IN COGNITIVE DECLINE

Background: Dementia may be defined as the attenuation of cognitive powers despite preserved basal consciousness. Its most common cause is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Pathoanatomical staging has made it clear that the disease passes through a protracted preclinical phase with slowly emerging symptoms. Such symptoms may include various forms of forgetfulness, such as forgetting the names of people, things, and places. Because word finding also wanes somewhat with normal aging, objective tests of word finding might help in separating benign word lapses from those reductions in lexical ability that may herald dementia. Objectives: The main aim of the thesis was to identify speech production tests of relevance to the diagnosis of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Material and Methods: The thesis is based on retrospective clinical data obtained from patients admitted to the memory clinic of the Department of Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital. All subjects had undergone an examine procedure for possible dementia. Study I explored the interrelationships of three word fluency tests and performance differences between the diagnostic categories. Study II investigated whether reductions in regional brain blood flow affected performance in a verb fluency task and a noun fluency task. Study III examined the production of an automatic word sequence in forward and reverse order as a diagnostic target. Study IV analyzed the capacity for rapid articulatory action in AD and related disorders. Results: Verb, noun, and letter-based fluency were found to be factorially distinct tests but with covariance between factors. Noun fluency was disproportionately impaired in AD. In MCI, however, verb fluency was more decreased than noun or letter-based fluency. Verb fluency performance was predicted by educational level and temporal lobe blood flow, while noun fluency was predicted by age and parietotemporal-occipital blood flow. Forward word sequence production was preserved across diagnostic categories. In contrast, backward word sequence production was impaired in MCI and devastated in AD. The diagnostic predictive power of backward word sequence production was approximately equivalent to that of the widely-used Mini-Mental State Examination. Sequential speech motion rate was modestly reduced in MCI and AD, but more markedly so in frontotemporal dementia and progressive nonfluent aphasia. In semantic dementia, articulatory capacity was at the level of participants without objective cognitive impairment and superior to the other categories. Conclusion: Lexical production tasks have application to the diagnosis of MCI and mild AD. The capacity for rapid articulatory action varies both between and within AD and related disorders. The potential neural correlates of this variation remain to be explored by future studies.
The effects of public supports on business R&D: firm-level evidence across EU countries

Using homogenous firm-level data for the largest Member States of the EU over the period 2007-2009, we test whether manufacturing firms receiving R&D public supports (subsidies and/or tax incentives) spent more on R&D. The analysis is performed by means of both non-parametric (Propensity Score Matching) and parametric estimations (OLS and mixed-model system, with the latter accounting for the possible endogeneity of public supports). The hypothesis of full crowding-out of private with public funds (i.e. public support reduced privately-funded R&D expenses) is rejected for all countries, with the partial exception of Spain. However, we do not find evidence for the hypothesis of additionality of R&D subsidies (i.e. direct funding did not raise private R&D). These findings contrast with earlier works and might be due to the period under assessment, which covers the financial turmoil and the subsequent economic downturn. A focused analysis on France suggests that R&D tax credits exerted a positive impact on R&D. Overall, our findings indicate that, albeit they were not expansive, public supports avoided the reduction of firm R&D at the outset of financial crisis.