Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological, Spectroscopic and Biochemical Analyses of Effect of Solar Visible and UV Radiation on the Cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula

The effects of some components of solar radiation on the photosynthetic oxygen production, pigmentation and phycobiliprotein composition were investigated in the cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula. The organism was exposed to unfiltered solar radiation (UV-B, UV-A and PAR), and solar radiation filtered through optical filters, WG320 (UV-A and PAR), GG400 (PAR only), and UG5 (only UV-B and UV-A). Photosynthetic oxygen production was impaired in the organism with this occurring within 45 minutes. The effect due to unfiltered solar radiation and combined UV-A and PAR were severe. Absorption spectrum of the crude extract of Lyngbya indicated the presence of chlorophyll a as the photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin as the accessory pigments, which were bleached under the various treatments. Generally, the phycobilins were affected most, but carotenoids had the shortest half-life, followed by the phycobilins and then chlorophyll a. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation also revealed allophycocyanin as an additional accessory pigment Lyngbya. Fluorescence measurements showed peaks which significantly decreased in amplitude and also underwent a shift towards shorter wavelengths, with prolonged exposure time indicating a reduction in their energy transfer ability. This study reveals that the various components of solar radiation adversely affected photosynthetic oxygen production, pigmentation and protein composition in Lyngbya and that the effect due to the combined visible and uv radiations had a drastic effect than only visible or only UV.
The impact of expert opinion in consumer perception of wines

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the way in which consumers integrate experts' opinions into their own evaluations of a selection of red wines.Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct an experiment to measure the influence of experts' opinions in relation to the complexity of the information, the level of consensus between different experts, and the consumer's level of category knowledge.Findings – Confirmation is found for the effect of received information on consumers' product evaluations. Variation is found in relation to the consumer's level of category knowledge. Expert ratings have a stronger influence on individuals with low knowledge of the wine category than on those with high knowledge. The level of consensus between experts and the complexity of the information in this case have no effect on the impact of their opinions.Originality/value – This paper takes a deeper look into the effect of “weak‐tie” personal information sources, particularly the opinions of experts regarding wine.
Relationship Between Low Back Pain And WorkPlace Functioning Of Nurses At A Tertiary Hospital In North Central Nigeria

Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among nurses and the relationship between LBP and work place performance, as measured by the Work Ability Index (WAI), of nurses at a tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital based study was carried out with structured questionnaires administered to 204 randomly selected, eligible, consenting nurses between August-November 2011. The questionnaires sought sociodemographic data and the Work Ability Index (WAI). Results: Results were analysed with Epi info version 3.3. 2 statistical software. The prevalence of low back pain among nurses was 70.1%. Nurses without low back pain had better WAI score than nurses with back pain (Mean WAI score: 43.6±4.55 vs 41.2±4.65, p = 0.0007). The duration of low back pain was inversely related to the mean WAI scores (r = –0.84, p= 0.0004). The regression relationship derived showed that for every unit change in the duration of low back pain, the mean WAI changed by 6.45 units (y = 39.78 + 6.453x; R2 = 0.761). The duration of LBP accounted for 76% of variability in the mean WAI score. Conclusion: Physicians attending to hospital staff in outpatient departments need to be aware of the high prevalence of low back pain among nurses and the negative impact on their workplace performance.
Records of host ant use of Phengaris Doherty, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) in the Czech Republic

The specificity of the specialisation of Phengaris Doherty, 1891 caterpillars to their host ants is still not fully understood. In this report, we summarize all available records of Phengaris in ant nests from the Czech Republic. P. alcon (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) was found exclusively in nests of Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander, 1846 at four sites, and one P. nausithous (Bergstrasser, 1779) caterpillar was found in a nest of M. scabrinodis. According to published records, P. nausithous may use M. scabrinodis at the edges of its range but should be adapted exclusively to M. rubra (Linnaeus, 1758) in the centre of its range. No records of P. arion (Linnaeus, 1758), P. teleius (Bergstrasser, 1779) and P. alcon populations feeding on Gentiana cruciata (Gentianaceae) (“P. rebeli”) are available from the Czech Republic.
The challenges for new academics in adopting student-centred approaches to teaching

The current article provides a perspective on the day-to-day challenges that a group of new teachers experienced as they adopted more student-centred approaches to teaching. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted over two years with 11 new teachers from a range of higher education institutions and subject disciplines. The analysis used case studies, alongside a search for common themes, to provide fine-grained insights into the teachers' development. A main finding was that in using approaches that more actively involved the students, the teachers described challenges specific to their local contexts. In particular, the idiosyncrasy of the topic being taught was a key factor. The second finding was that regardless of the conception of teaching held, all teachers described challenges in translating this way of thinking into practice. Such data provides a useful resource for academic developers to open dialogue with new academics about the challenges they face in developing as teachers.
The Impact of Controlling for Risk on the Value Relevance of Earnings: Evidence from the U.S.

Prior research documents the relatively low explanatory power of the earnings-return association in traditional models that regress returns on levels and changes in earnings. However, these studies fail to consider the impact of variation in discount rates, or risk, as a possible cause of the low explanatory power. In this study, I investigate the impact of controlling for risk on the explanatory power of the earnings-return relation. I begin by estimating two related regression models of annual returns on earnings and changes in earnings drawn from prior research. Then, to examine whether controlling for risk affects the explanatory power of the regressions, I sort observations into portfolios formed on various risk proxies, including market beta, firm size, earnings/price ratio, two implied cost of equity capital proxies , and the combination of beta and firm size. I document higher average adjusted R 2 s that suggest a 30% increase in explanatory power, and larger average coefficient estimates of earnings, when I estimate the return-earnings regressions within risk portfolios than those of the Easton and Harris and Easton and Pae models. These findings suggest that controlling for cross-sectional variation in risk, a denominator effect, improves the explanatory power of the model.
Geochemistry of Basalts from Deep Sea Drilling Project Holes 556-564

The nine holes (556-564) drilled during DSDP Leg 82 in a region west and southwest of the Azores Platform (Fig. 1) exhibit a wide variety of chemical compositions that indicate a complex petrogenetic history involving crystal fractionation, magma mixing, complex melting, and mantle heterogeneity. The major element chemistry of each hole except Hole 557 is typical of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), whereas the trace element and rare earth element (REE) abundances and ratios are more variable, and show that both depleted Type I and enriched Type II basalts have been erupted in the region. Hole 556 (30-34 Ma), located near a flow line through the Azores Triple Junction, contains typically depleted basalts, whereas Hole 557 (18 Ma), located near the same flow line but closer to the Azores Platform, is a highly enriched FeTi basalt, indicating that the Azores hot-spot anomaly has existed in its present configuration for at least 18 Ma, but less than 30-34 Ma. Hole 558 (34-37 Ma), located near a flow line through the FAMOUS and Leg 37 sites, includes both Type I and II basalts. Although the differences in Zr/Nb and light REE/heavy REE ratios imply different mantle sources, the (La/ Ce)ch (> 1) and Nd isotopic ratios are almost the same, suggesting that the complex melting and pervasive, small-scale mantle heterogeneity may account for the variations in trace element and REE ratios observed in Hole 558 (and FAMOUS sites). Farther south, Hole 559 (34-37 Ma), contains enriched Type II basalts, whereas Hole 561 (14-17 Ma), located further east near the same flow line, contains Type I and II basalts. In this case, the (La/Ce)ch and Nd isotopic ratios are different, indicating two distinct mantle sources. Again, the existence along the same flow line of two holes exhibiting such different chemistry suggests that mantle heterogeneity may exist on a more pervasive and transient smaller scale. (Hole 560 was not sampled for this study because the single basalt clast recovered was used for shipboard analysis.) All of the remaining three holes (562, 563, 564), located along a flow line about 100 km south of the Hayes Fracture Zone (33°N), contain only depleted Type I basalts. The contrast in chemical compositions suggests that the Hayes Fracture Zone may act as a "domain" boundary between an area of fairly homogeneous, depleted Type I basalts to the south (Holes 562-564) and a region of complex, highly variable basalts to the north near the Azores hot-spot anomaly (Holes 556-561).
Study of Blade/Vortex interaction using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Computational Aeroacoustics

A parametric study of the aerodynamics and the acoustics of parallel BVI has been carried out for dierent aerofoil shapes and vortex properties. Computing BVI using Computational Fluid Dynamics is challenging since the solution scheme tends to alter the characteristics of the vortex which must be preserved until the interaction. The present work uses the Compressible Vorticity Connement Method (CVCM) for capturing the vortex characteristics, which is easier to implement and has minimal overhead in the performance of existing CFD solvers either in terms of CPU time or robustness during convergence. Apart from applying the CVCM method with an upwind solver, something not encountered in the literature, the present work couples CFD with Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) and uses the strengths of both techniques in order to predict the neareld and fareld noise. Results illustrate the importance of the aerofoil shape at transonic o w and show that the magnitude of the BVI noise depends strongly on the vortex strength and the miss-distance. The eect of the vortex core radius was also found to be important. Notation e Connement parameter
Assimilation and contrast as a function of people's willingness and ability to expend effort in forming an impression.

Set/reset (Martin, 1986) hypothesis that contrast demands more cognitive effort than does assimilation was examined. In Exp. 1, the impressions of distracted Ss showed assimilation toward blatantly primed concepts, whereas the impressions of nondistracted Ss showed contrast. In Exp. 2, Ss told that their ratings would be lumped into a group average showed assimilation, whereas Ss told that their ratings would be examined individually showed contrast. In Exp. 3, the impressions of Ss low in need for cognition showed assimilation, whereas the impressions of Ss high in need for cognition showed contrast. Exp. 1 also showed that the results were not due to differences in recall of the target information, and Exp. 3 showed that the results were not due to differences in recall of the priming stimuli. Together, the results suggest that the processes involved in contrast demand more cognitive effort than do the processes involved in assimilation.
Citation Analysis in the Open Access World

Recent reports by the UK Parliament Committee on Science and Technology and the US House Appropriations Committee have recommended mandating that researchers provide Open Access (OA) to their research articles by self-archiving them free for all on the Web. OA is now firmly on the agenda for funding agencies, universities, libraries and publishers. What is needed now is objective, quantitative evidence of the benefits of OA to research authors, their institutions, their funders and to research itself. Web-based analysis of usage and citation patterns is providing this evidence.
EVALUATION OF SALIVARY ALBUMIN IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

The clinical symptoms of diabetes mellitus in oral cavity are xerostomia, pathological changes in periodontal tissues and caries. It has been suggested that the determination of salvias components in diabetic patients may be useful in describing and further understanding the oral findings in this condition. The aim of this study was to detect differences be- tween the salivary albumin in diabetic patients and healthy people. Methods: A case-control study was carried out using data from Hamadan researches diabetes center in 2008. We selected 40 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 9-61 years, 40 patients with type2 aged 39-82 years and 40 healthy controls aged 20-67 years. Dental and oral status was assessed for all subjects. Completely unstimulated saliva samples were col- lected from diabetic patients and control subjects. Nephelometric method was used to determine salivary albumin con- centration. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS. Results: No significant difference in salivary albumin concentration was found between the control group and type1 dia- betic patients but salivary albumin was significantly higher in type2 diabetic patients in compare with control groups (P= 0.017), also no significant difference was found between type1 and type2 diabetic patients. In diabetic patients, complain of dry mouth and burning feeling in mouth was significantly higher, as well as, dental examinations showed higher DMFT mean values than the controls. Conclusion: Adults with type2 diabetes mellitus have higher concentration of salivary albumin that would play a helpful diagnostic role in oral findings of diabetic patients.
Reproductive Ecology and Hatchling Growth Rates of the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) on Coiba Island, Panama

Abstract. We assessed the reproductive ecology of the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) on Coiba Island, Panama from January–December 2013. We examined nest site characteristics from January–April and hatchling survivorship from April–December. Ten nests were examined at three nesting localities where 30% of the nests were found under forest canopies and 70% were exposed to sunlight (distance to nearest tree = 280 ± 110 cm). Half of the nests were built closer to the sea and the other half closer to bodies of freshwater (700 ± 360 cm). The nest dimensions were 17.5 ± 7.8 cm from the top of the clutch to the surface, 42.9 ± 9.9 cm from the bottom of the clutch to the surface, and 35.9 ± 3.6 cm wide at the top of the nest cavity. The average soil conditions in the nests consistently had high concentrations of potassium (69.3 mL/L) and manganese (9.2 mg/L), moderate concentrations of phosphorus (6.6 mg/L) and iron (3.7 mg/L), and low concentrations of zinc (0.5 mg/L) and copper (0.0 mL/L). Cation exchange capacity showed consistently high concentrations of calcium (2.2 cmol/kg), moderate of magnesium (1.1 cmol/kg), and low in aluminum (0.1 cmol/L). Volumetric water content was about 25.0 ± 2.6% at the bottom and 22.8 ± . 3% in the middle of the clutches. Hatching success was 88.9%, of which 68.3% hatched by themselves or with the mother's aid and 20.6% hatched with our aid. Mean size of the mother was 219 ± 6.2 cm total length (TL) and 115.9 ± 3.0 cm snout-vent length (SVL). The incubation period was estimated to be 85–88 days. TL and SVL growth rate of those individuals were 0.03–0.16 cm/day and 0.00–0.09 cm/day, respectively. Population size was estimated to be 218.6 hatchlings in 22.4 km2; the hatchling population declined 65.7% after the first 2 months (May and June) and 95.9% by July, leaving only 0.5% remaining by December. This is the first study to assess nest-site characteristics and estimate hatchling survival in a Pacific population of American crocodiles.
Offshoring and access to location-specific advantages - the impact of governance mode and function

Most of the existing literature aimed at predicting offshoring success and performance implications does not provide consistent performance results. We suggest that this is due to the existence of a “missing link” between of firms’ offshoring strategies and performance. In this paper, we identify how access to particular offshoring advantages may provide this link. The results of a quantitative survey of more than 1000 Scandinavian firms show that certain offshoring factors (governance mode and type of offshored function) indeed impact the access a company acquires to certain offshoring advantages, which may explain the unpredictability of previous performance outcomes.
The demise of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) as a keystone species for aquatic ecosystem conservation in South Africa: The case of the Olifants River

Copyright: 2010 Wiley-Blackwell. This is a preprint of an article whose final form has been published in the Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems Journal, Vol 20(5), pp 489–493, available at http://www3.interscience. wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/123566016/PDFSTART
The Impact of Directed Credit Policy on Bank Credit to the Private Sector in Ethiopia: Case of Government Bill Purchase Directive

In April, 2011, National bank of Ethiopia (NBE) has introduced an explicit directive called 27% NBE Bill purchase directive that forces private banks to invest 27% of their every new loan disbursements in Governments securities for five years at a very low interest rate, 3%. The major theme of this study was to examine the effect of this directed credit policy on the Commercial banks’ credit to the private sector. The study used unbalanced panel data of eight years of eight banks for years from 2007 to 2014. The study finds that directed credit policy has negative but insignificant effect on the banks’ credit to the private sector. However capital and deposits were found to be significant determinants of private sector credit in Ethiopia. Thus the claim by private commercial banks, IMF and WB does not look strong and factual and hence it was conclude that the Bill purchase directive in Ethiopia does not have any significant crowding out effect on the private sector. Thus it would be recommended herewith that emphasis shall be given on capitalizing commercial banks. Moreover commercial banks shall introduce innovative and branchless channels for deposit mobilization for deposits were found to be the most significant determinants of private sector credit in Ethiopia.
Pricing Irrigation Water in Pakistan: An Evaluation of Available Options

Irrigation water shortages have lately been a main area of concern for policymakers and planners in Pakistan. Current literature on the country’s water resources predicts an alarming situation regarding the availability of irrigation water in the future due to declining water tables and serious financial, environmental, and social constraints of developing big storage reservoirs. Since there is little room to augment water supplies by building new dams, the existing supply-driven surface irrigation system needs to be replaced by a demand-based system with special focus on water use efficiency through the introduction of an appropriate water pricing system. The present study aims to evaluate several alternative water pricing systems in the search for choosing one that will ensure efficient use of irrigation water in Pakistan. A related objective is to test the extent of sensitivity of the demand for irrigation water to a change in alternative water prices. A major conclusion that emerges from this research is that irrigation water shortages are the result of the inflexibility of the present irrigation water supply system for agricultural use and have little to do with the existing water pricing practice in the country. Furthermore, the results of our water price simulations exercise confirm the general perception that demand for irrigation water is less sensitive to changes in alternative irrigation water prices. Two findings from the pricing policy perspective are: (i) irrigation water is not available in adequate quantity to farmers in the nine sub-districts surveyed at almost all of the alternative prices in Pakistan’s irrigated agriculture sector since the predicted water usage at all prices is greater than the actual usage for all districts; and (ii) our empirical analysis indicates significant inefficiency of resource allocation in respect of irrigation water as shown by its positively large marginal value product to opportunity cost ratio.
Diallel Analysis for the Estimation of the Genetic Parameters of Grain Yield and Grain Yield Components in Bread Wheat

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` U @ U) , 0), ,5 B , + aZ <0# @ E# , <W4* 2 +( <0# 0), +( ,+ * 1 0 B , . 8) 2, C , <0# 0), +( ,+ S F, 0 F, 0 0), ,8 # ,+ 8) 2, 8) 2, ,+ D 2, ,5 <8) +4A? +# S4+! ; , 0), S4,+ 8 , Z 8 E A D EF ( ! )* ; ,+ ;). , E! , . 0), +( 0# H! " B b , < F, 0 0), ,8 # <0), ,5 B , F, 0 F, 0 0), .
Determinación de la estabilidad genética de una cepa de Mycobacterium bovis por infecciones seriadas en cobayos Genetic stability of a Mycobacterium bovis strain by serial infections in guinea pigs

This research was performed in order to determine the origin of the «direct repeat» (DR) region variability in one M. bovis strain when passed serially in ginea pigs. Three 6-guinea-pig groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 3 M. bovis organisms/ animal, using a strain isolated from a cattle lesion. Five weeks after inoculation the animals were killed. Tissue samples were obtained for M. bovis isolation. Fifteen of the 18 guinea pigs survived until sacrifice. All animals showed some type of lesion, and M. bovis was isolated from 14 of them. The molecular analysis was performed using the spoligotyping technique. The DNA from 13 isolates was harvested, out of which two clusters were obtained. The first cluster included six isolates: two from group 1, two from group 2, and two from group 3. The second cluster also included six isolates: three from group 1, two from group 2, and 1 from group 3. Each of the three reference strains (MTB, AN5, and h37rv), formed a different spoligotype. Two clusters were obtained specifically from the first group of guinea pigs: the first cluster includes three isolates, and the second cluster included three isolates. Once again, reference strains formed a different spoligotype. Results show that diversity in the DR region of M. bovis can occur in guinea pigs even if no external infections sources are present. This is likely to occur due to the generation of non-lethal mutations during bacterial reproduction, and this might be happening also in cattle.