Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ambulance personnel and critical incidents

Background The association between mental health and occupational factors among ambulance personnel has not been thoroughly investigated in the UK. Aims To identify the prevalence of psychopathology among ambulance personnel and its relationship to personality and exposure to critical incidents. Method Data were gathered from ambulance personnel by means of an anonymous questionnaire and standardised measures. Results Approximately a third of the sample reported high levels of general psychopathology, burnout and posttraumatic symptoms. Burnout was associated with less job satisfaction, longer time in service, less recovery time between incidents, and more frequent exposure to incidents. Burnout and GHQ–28 caseness were more likely in those who had experienced a particularly disturbing incident in the previous 6 months. Concerns about confidentiality and career prospects deter staff from seeking personal help. Conclusions The mental health and emotional well-being of ambulance personnel appear to be compromised by accident and emergency work.
Homologous and heterologous antibody responses to a one-year booster dose of an MF59®: Adjuvanted A/H5N1 pre-pandemic influenza vaccine in pediatric subjects

Background: Primary immunization with two doses of MF59®-adjuvanted A/H5N1 influenza vaccine has been shown to be highly immunogenic and well tolerated in children and adolescents. Assessment of long-term antibody persistence after priming, and the effects of a one-year booster dose in children and adolescents was needed. Objectives This study assessed homologous and heterologous antibody responses to a one-year booster dose of MF59-adjuvanted A/H5N1 influenza vaccine in previously primed children. Subjects and methods: Twelve months after primary vaccination, toddlers, children and adolescents received a single booster dose of the same A/H5N1 vaccine. Paired sera were collected before and three weeks after booster vaccination. Homologous antibody responses against the A/Vietnam/1194/2004 vaccine strain were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), single radial hemolysis (SRH) and microneutralization (MN) assays. Heterologous antibody responses against A/Indonesia/5/2005 and A/Anhui/1/2005 strains were assessed by MN assay only. Results: Twelve months after primary vaccination, persistent, homologous, seroprotective HI antibody titers (≥ 40) were observed in 46%, 26% and 30% of toddlers, children and adolescents; following booster vaccination, seroprotection rates increased to 99%, 98% and 91%, respectively. All toddlers and children, and 99% of adolescents achieved MN antibody titers ≥ 40. Cross-reactive A/H5N1 antibodies were detected in 94–98% of subjects after booster vaccination. Conclusions Two priming doses of MF59-adjuvanted A/H5N1 vaccine resulted in homologous and heterologous antibody responses which persisted for up to one year after immunization. A one-year booster dose was highly immunogenic, generating high homologous and cross-reactive A/H5N1 antibody titers.
Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in: Penile Lesions Histologically Negative for Condylomata Analysis by in Situ Hybridization and the Polymerase Chain Reaction

The purpose of this study was to analyze penile lesions that lacked the histological features of condylomata for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. Most of these lesions were detected in men whose partners had an HPV-related lesion. Sequences homologous to HPV DNA were detected in 12 of 84 (14%) lesions using in situ hybridization analysis; nine of these lesions contained HPV 6 or 11. HPV DNA was found in 25 of 26 (96%) penile condylomata, all but two of which contained HPV 6 or 11. Using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we also detected HPV DNA in four of 20 (20%) of the penile lesions that lacked the histological features of condylomata negative for HPV by in situ analysis. Most of the lesions that were identifiable only after the application of an acetic acid solution were HPV negative when tested with either technique. We conclude that HPV DNA can be found in penile biopsy specimens that do not demonstrate the unequivocal histological features of condylomata but that the detection rate is much lower than for condylomata even when analyzing tissues in men at high risk for HPV-related lesions by PCR. This study underscores the need for caution when interpreting such tissues and the usefulness of in situ analysis for detecting assumed viral proliferation in noncondylomatous lesions.
Rate of water and heat loss from the respiratory tract of normal subjects in a subtropical climate.

The rate of water loss and heat loss from the lungs of man has not received much attention during the past two decades. Most of the studies were conducted in the latter part of the last century and the early part of this one.1In studies of insensible perspiration, water loss from the lungs was measured indirectly by a large sensitive balance, a method originated by Sanctorius.2More recently Seeley3and Christie and Loomis4have studied the temperature of expired air and some aspects of expired water. Except for the early studies, there have been no detailed observations of late devoted to a quantitative measurement of expired water and to the study of factors influencing this loss. There are considerable discrepancies in the early papers. For example, Weyrich1dstated that he had definitely shown that expired air is completely saturated with water vapor. Galeotti,1gon the other hand, found
Morphological and Genetic Variation Between the Japanese Populations of the Amphidromous Snail Stenomelania crenulata (Cerithioidea: Thiaridae)

Freshwater gastropods often have limited dispersal capability and small geographic ranges, and face severe threats from habitat loss and degradation. However, in addition to the scarcity of knowledge on their life history traits, species taxonomy has not been adequately resolved and boundaries between intra- and interspecific variation remain unclear for many taxa. One such example of an indeterminate species boundary with implications for conservation issues is the relationship between the thiarid snails Stenomelania crenulata in Okinawa and southwards (ranked as CR+EN in the 2012 Japanese Red List) and S. rufescens in mainland Japan (VU). The results of our multi-disciplinary investigation into variation in the shell morphology and mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ITS-1) gene sequences suggest that S. rufescens represents a geographic variant and a junior synonym of S. crenulata. The widespread geographic range of S. crenulata, spanning a few thousand kilometers north to south, is possible due to an amphidromous life cycle that involves a marine planktotrophic larval phase and upstream migration after settlement in estuaries. Nevertheless, there is recognizable morphological and genetic differentiation between distant populations, probably reflecting a relatively short pelagic duration and possibly also infrequent transoceanic dispersal; metamorphic competence is achieved in two weeks in full seawater and even more rapidly in brackish water. The Okinawan population, with only a few known localities, therefore deserves the high conservation priority; conservation efforts need to involve the proper maintenance of migration pathways including all marine, brackish and freshwater environments.
Dual Labour Markets and (Lack of) On-the-Job Training: PIAAC Evidence from Spain and Other EU Countries

Using the Spanish micro data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), we first document how the excessive gap in employment protection between indefinite and temporary workers leads to large differentials in on-the-job training (OTJ) against the latter. Next, we find that that the lower specific training received by temporary workers is correlated with lower literacy and numeracy scores achieved in the PIAAC study. Finally, we provide further PIAAC cross-country evidence showing that OJT gaps are quite lower in those European labour markets where dualism is less entrenched than in those where it is more extended.
3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency in a patient with West syndrome

3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency is a severe but treatable disorder of serine synthesis, first described in 1996 (Jaeken et al. 1996a). The patient presented with West syndrome, severe psychomotor delay, failure to thrive, microcephaly, atypical ocular movements, and pyramidal signs. Treatment with oral L‐serine abolished seizures and improved psychomotor development, hyperexcitability, head growth, cortical and subcortical hypotrophy, and hypomyelination of the brain on MRI scans. 3–phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency is a treatable congential error that probably leads to West syndrome.
Clinicians' assessments of practice guidelines in oncology: The CAPGO survey

Objectives: Promoting the adoption of clinical practice guidelines is a challenging task. Research shows that adopters' beliefs about guidelines and the process of their development are important predictors of guideline use. Our objective is to report on the development and refinement of an instrument designed to measure oncologists' assessments of guidelines in oncology. Method: A theoretically derived instrument was drafted. Oncologists were asked to complete a questionnaire for each draft guideline they were asked to review. Factor analyses and multilevel modeling techniques were undertaken to explore the properties of the instrument and refine it. Results: A total of 488 Ontario clinicians were sent 1,494 new questionnaires regarding 34 clinical practice guidelines produced between 1999 and 2002. A refined eighteen-item questionnaire with four stable factors that predicted 60 percent of the variance emerged. The factors are interpreted as guideline quality, applicability, acceptability, and comparative value. The four factors predicted oncologists' endorsements of draft guidelines and, with the exception of quality, predicted their intentions to use the guidelines. As expected, variation in the factor scores could be attributed more to the differences among the oncologist who completed the survey than to the differences among the guidelines themselves. Conclusions:An instrument composed of four stable and theoretically relevant factors emerged. The findings support the hypothesis that beliefs about guideline attributes and development attributes relate to oncologists' endorsement of and intentions to use guidelines. Our next step is to link the responses of the survey with actual clinical behavior.
S ep 2 00 5 Primordial non-gaussianities from multiple-field inflation

We calculate the three-point correlation function evaluated at horizon crossing for a set of interacting scalar fields coupled to gravity during inflation. This provides the initial condition for the three-point function of the curvature perturbation in the Sasaki–Stewart δN formulation. We find that the effect is small, of the order of a slow-roll parameter, and that the non-gaussianity can be determined on large scales once the unperturbed background evolution is known. As an example of the use of our formalism, we calculate the primordial non-gaussianity arising in a model of assisted inflation.
Treatment of ankle sprains in young athletes

To study the incidence of fibulocollateral ligament ankle sprains in the young male athlete, a survey of 84 varsity basketball players was done. Seventy percent of the players had a history of an ankle sprain. Eighty percent of those with a positive history had multiple sprains. Most of the injuries were mild, but in 32% of the injuries, the athlete missed more than 2 weeks of play. No medical attention was sought in 55% of the cases. About 50% of the athletes with a sprain had residual symptoms from their injuries; 15% of the injured ath letes felt that their residual symptoms compromised their playing performance. This article emphasizes the potential seriousness of the ankle sprain in the young athlete and presents a recommended method of management, including as sessment of severity, treatment, and rehabilitation.
High risk of cross‐reactivity between vancomycin and sequential teicoplanin therapy

What is known and Objective: Teicoplanin and vancomycin show similar clinical and bacteriological efficacy in clinical trials. Teicoplanin has been reported to have a lower adverse drug reaction (ADR) rate than vancomycin. Cross‐reactivity between these two glycopeptides is controversial. Our aim was to study the cross‐reactivity between teicoplanin and vancomycin through an assessment of all the reported ADRs of these drugs in our University hospital.
Guided Tissue Regeneration and Papilla Preservation with the “ Wale ’ s Tail ” Flap

Introduction: The “whale’s tail” flap technique is designed to preserve interdental tissue in guided tissue regeneration. This is the first report to describe the use of this flap associated to autogenous bone graft. Case presentation: This paper describes a case where the “whale’s tail” flap was used associated to autologous osseous graft and bovine collagen membrane in an esthetic zone with a vertical defect. A 56-years old patient presented the mesial aspect of de lateral incisor with vestibular probing depth (PPD) of 7mm and palatal PPD of 8mm. After treatment there was a gain in attachment level of 4mm. Conclusion: The technique presents good outcome when used with osseous grafts and guided tissue regeneration.
The Myogenic Factor Myf5 Supports Efficient Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Enabling Transient Myoblast Amplification

The myogenic factor Myf5 defines the onset of myogenesis in mammals during development. Mice lacking both Myf5 and MyoD fail to form myoblasts and are characterized by a complete absence of skeletal muscle at birth. To investigate the function of Myf5 in adult skeletal muscle, we generated Myf5 and mdx compound mutants, which are characterized by constant regeneration. Double mutant mice show an increase of dystrophic changes in the musculature, although these mice were viable and the degree of myopathy was modest. Myf5 mutant muscles show a small decrease in the number of muscle satellite cells, which was within the range of physiological variations. We also observed a significant delay in the regeneration of Myf5 deficient skeletal muscles after injury. Interestingly, Myf5 deficient skeletal muscles were able to even out this flaw during the course of regeneration, generating intact muscles 4 weeks after injury. Although we did not detect a striking reduction of MyoD positive activated myoblasts or of Myf5‐LacZ positive cells in regenerating muscles, a clear decrease in the proliferation rate of satellite cell‐derived myoblasts was apparent in satellite cell‐derived cultures. The reduction of the proliferation rate of Myf5 mutant myoblasts was also reflected by a delayed transition from proliferation to differentiation, resulting in a reduced number of myotube nuclei after 6 and 7 days of culture. We reason that Myf5 supports efficient skeletal muscle regeneration by enabling transient myoblast amplification.
Education, atrophy, and cognitive change in an epidemiological sample in early old age.

OBJECTIVES To examine one version of the brain reserve hypothesis in a community sample of young-old participants. The authors investigated whether atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were associated with cognitive decline, and whether this relationship was modified by the endowment of greater "reserve" as measured by years of education and brain size (intracranial volume ICV). DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study with 4-year follow-up. PARTICIPANTS A community sample of 416 adults aged 60-64 years at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Years of education and brain size were examined as measures of brain reserve. The association between these measures and brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on magnetic resonance imaging and change in cognitive function over 4 years was determined. RESULTS Changes in cognitive test scores over 4 years had no correlation with years of education, atrophy, WMH, or ICV. There was no interaction of atrophy or level of WMH with education or brain size on cognitive change. CONCLUSION In a young-old sample, there is no direct evidence to support the brain reserve hypothesis as operationalized in this study. WMH and atrophy were not associated with cognitive change.
The ultrastructure and ontogeny of pollen in Helleborus foetidus L. II. Pollen grain development through the callose special wall stage.

The final stages of Helleborus pollen-grain ontogeny, which culminate in maturation and germination of the grain, have been investigated at the ultrastructural level. Following the deposition of primary and secondary exine, and during the early stages of intine formation, the microspore passes through a vacuolate phase, in which the cytoplasm appears devoid of most organelles other than the prominent nucleus. The formation of the vacuole results in the displacement of the nucleus to one side of the pollen grain. The vacuole quickly disappears and a number of organelles reappear in the cytoplasm, in particular the dictyosomes and strands of endoplasmic reticulum, with associated grey bodies. Following mitotic division of the pollen grain, the first signs of the generative cell wall appear as a pair of tightly appressed unit membranes in the narrow strand of cytoplasm separating the two newly formed generative and vegetative nuclei. As development proceeds, the space between the two membranes gradually fills with an electron-transparent material similar to the substance found in the numerous dictyosome-derived vesicles which, together with the endoplasmic reticulum, are both closely associated with the developing cell wall. The generative cell wall fuses with the cellulosic intine, which has gradually increased in amount during these stages, and the cell division is complete. The smaller generative cell contains a prominent nucleus and a small amount of cytoplasm devoid of plastids and most other organelles. The larger vegetative cell also contains a prominent nucleus and a large amount of cytoplasm containing amyloplasts, mitochondria, dictyosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, and abundant ribosomes, many of which are in a polysome configuration. The final stages in development are characterized by a progressive decrease in the amount of starch in the vegetative cell and an increase in the size of grey bodies, many of which are invested in multilayered shrouds of endoplasmic reticulum. The generative cell wall disappears and a multivesicular/granular body gradually appears at the periphery of the pollen grain. The granular-vesicular material, which is formed from the dictyosomes and/or the degenerating plastids, is thought to represent metabolic reserves necessary for pollen-tube formation. One or more pollen tubes emerge from the apertural sectors of the pollen grain, and maturation of the grain is complete.
Mesoscale Convective Systems over Southeastern South America and Their Relationship with the South American Low-Level Jet

Abstract Prior studies have shown that the low-level jet is a recurrent characteristic of the environment during the initiation and mature stages of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the Great Plains of the United States. The South American low-level jet (SALLJ) over southeastern South America (SESA) has an analogous role, advecting heat and moisture from the Amazon basin southward into the central plains of southeastern South America, generating ideal environmental conditions for convection initiation and growth into MCSs. This research has two purposes. One is to describe the characteristics of a 3-yr MCS sample in South America, south of the equator, and its related geographical distribution of convection frequency. The other is to advance the knowledge of the evolution of favorable environmental conditions for the development of large MCSs, specifically those that mature under SALLJ conditions. High horizontal and temporal resolution satellite images are used to detect MCSs in the area for the .
Stimulated thyroglobulin level at ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer: the impact of treatment preparation modalities and tumor burden.

OBJECTIVE In patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level at radioiodine ablation is a known predictive factor of persistent disease. This prognostic value is based on data obtained after thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW), but little is known about this prognostic value after recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) stimulation and about the relationship between the stimulated Tg level and the burden of persistent tumor. We aimed to assess the impact of both radioiodine preparation modalities and persistent tumor burden on stimulated Tg levels. DESIGN AND METHODS The stimulated Tg level was measured at radioablation in 308 consecutive DTC patients without serum Tg antibodies. Of these, 123 (40%) were prepared with rhTSH and 185 with THW. Post-ablation scintigraphy included total-body scan and neck and thorax single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT-CT). During a mean follow-up of 43 months, persistent/recurrent disease (PRD) was found in 56 patients (18%). PRD was considered structural in the presence of lesions >1 cm and nonstructural otherwise. RESULTS Nonstructural PRD was more frequent in the rhTSH group than in the THW group (64 vs 26%, P=0.01). Stimulated Tg levels were lower after rhTSH than after THW in patients with (13.5 vs 99.5 ng/ml, P<0.01) and without (1.2 vs 3.2 ng/ml, P<0.001) PRD. Also, Tg levels were lower in nonstructural disease than in structural disease in both rhTSH (3.8 vs 127.0 ng/ml, P<0.01) and THW (13.0 vs 143.5 ng/ml, P<0.0001) patients. The best Tg cutoff to predict PRD was 2.8 in rhTSH and 28 ng/ml in THW patients. CONCLUSION Both radioiodine preparation modalities and the burden of persistent tumor affect the stimulated Tg level at ablation.
FORAMEN OF WINSLOW HERNIA

A 29-year-old man with gastro-oesophageal refl ux disease history presented to our emergency department with sudden onset of epigastric pain, diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting persisting over one day. He denied any trauma or prior surgical history. Physical examination revealed stable vital signs, mild tenderness over the epigastric region and mild muscle guarding. Murphy’s sign was negative, and there was no tenderness at McBurney’s point. Laboratory study showed leukocytosis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed distended bowel loops entrapped inside the lesser sac between the stomach and the pancreas and stretching of the mesenteric vessels with a tapering of herniation through the foramen of Winslow (Figure 1).