Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yield variation in organic winter wheat: a diagnostic study in the Southeast of France

A diagnostic method for assessing regional variations in yield was implemented for a network of 24 organic wheat fields located in two neighboring regions, Diois and Val de Drome (France). We studied: yield and its components; field environmental conditions of the fields; relations between indicators of potential limiting factors and yield components; and linkages between crop management and yield-limiting factors. The yield performances were low and variable (3.5 ± 1.4 t.ha -1 ). The relative kernel number (RKN) was significantly related to nitrogen nutrition and weed density at flowering. The nitrogen nutrition index (NNIf) had a strong and positive effect on relative kernel number, while weed density (1/WF) had a negative effect. The percentage of kernel number variation explained by the regression model (RKN = 0.112 + 0.609 x NNIf + 0.2 x 1/WF) was adequate (Adj. R 2 = 0.53) with a RMSE of 0.09. The duration of the period of grain filling, reflected in the temperature sum, had a strong and positive effect on relative kernel weight (RTKW), while soil compaction and high temperature had a negative influence. Adjusted R 2 for the model was 0.42 with a RMSE of 0.16. The results confirm that legumes preceding crops improve nitrogen nutrition on subsequent winter wheat, e.g. the Nitrogen Nutrition Index at flowering (NNIf) = 0.51 ± 0.12 for a crop rotation with a rate of legumes over 37% vs. 0.41 ± 0.11 for a crop rotation with a rate of legumes under 25%. Alfalfa preceding crops significantly limited the weed density at harvest while stony soils and early sowing (before November 1st) enhanced weed density.
Effects of Infographics on Student Achievement and Students' Perceptions of the Impacts of Infographics

Infographics, a portmanteau of "information” and “graphics," are used in the current study as an instructional assignment in an introductory curriculum course. This study’s goals are to investigate whether the use of infographics results in significant differences in university female students' achievement and to explore the students' perceptions of the infographics' impact. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study was conducted with 165 participants divided into two groups: experimental (N = 83) and control (N = 82). The treatment lasted for 9 sessions each of 2 hours duration. Data were collected using achievement tests and a questionnaire assessing students' perceptions. The results revealed significantly higher achievement in the experimental group than in the control group. Almost 90% of the participants in the experimental group reported that infographics had a positive impact on their intellectual, life skills, and affective development. Conclusions are drawn, and directions for future studies are discussed.
Period mapping via Brieskorn modules

F or aµ-constant deformation of holomorphic functions with isolated singularities, we define a period mapping by associating the Brieskorn module to each point, where we use the Gauss-Manin system to define the parallel translation. We show that it induces a finite morphism of the µ-constant stratum of a miniversal deformation. This means that the local moduli of function is determined by Brieskorn module up to finite ambiguity.
D Y N A M I C SPATIAL TUNING OF ATTENTIONAL FOCUS IN THE ATTENTIONAL BLINK

When two sequential targets (T l , T2) are inserted in an RSVP stream of distractors, perception of T2 is impaired at inter-target lags shorter than 700 ms. Paradoxically, this deficit disappears when T2 is presented directly after T l (Lag-1 sparing). Visser et al. (1999) found that Lag-1 sparing occurs only when T l and T2 are presented in the same stream. In contrast, Shih (2000) obtained Lag-1 sparing with targets in separate streams. Four experiments addressed this inconsistency and revealed Lag-1 sparing with targets in different streams, but only when observers had no foreknowledge of T l ' s location. We hypothesized that when T l location is known, the attentional spotlight is focused narrowly on that stream; if T2 then appears in the other stream it is missed, and Lag-1 sparing does not occur. When T l location is not known, the spotlight is focused broadly, encompassing both streams, and Lag-1 sparing ensues.
The Cyclical Volatility of Equilibrium Unemployment and Vacancies: Evidence from Italy

In this paper, we explore the fluctuations of unemployment and vacancies in the Italian labour market over the last twenty years. For reasons of data availability on unfilled job openings, this period is split in two parts. The former is covered by a help-wanted time series, while the latter is analyzed by means of a harmonized vacancy rate. In both periods, in line with previous findings on the unemployment volatility puzzle, we find that the labour market tightness indicator is much more volatile than productivity. Moreover, we show that a matching model with segmented labour markets and on-the-job search has the potential to provide a rationale for this pattern.
Four and one more: The formation history and total mass of globular clusters in the Fornax dSph

We have determined the detailed star formation history and total mass of the globular clusters in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal using archival HST WFPC2 data. Colour magnitude diagrams are constructed in the F555W and F814W bands and corrected for the effect of Fornax field star contamination, after which we use the routine Talos to derive the quantitative star formation history as a function of age and metallicity. The star formation history of the Fornax globular clusters shows that Fornax 1, 2, 3 and 5 are all dominated by ancient (>10 Gyr) populations. Cluster Fornax 1,2 and 3 display metallicities as low as [Fe/H]=-2.5 while Fornax 5 is slightly more metal-rich at [Fe/H]=-1.8, consistent with resolved and unresolved metallicity tracers. Conversely, Fornax 4 is dominated by a more metal-rich~([Fe/H]=-1.2) and younger population at 10 Gyr, inconsistent with the other clusters. A lack of stellar populations overlapping with the main body of Fornax argues against the nucleus cluster scenario for Fornax 4. The combined stellar mass in globular clusters as derived from the SFH is (9.57$\pm$0.93)$\times$10$^{5}$ M$_{\odot}$ which corresponds to 2.5$\pm$0.2 percent of the total stellar mass in Fornax. The mass of the four most metal-poor clusters can be further compared to the metal-poor Fornax field to yield a mass fraction of 19.6$\pm$3.1 percent. Therefore, the SFH results provide separate supporting evidence for the unusually high mass fraction of the GCs compared to the Fornax field population.
Development of producer gas engines

Abstract This paper summarizes the findings involved in the development of producer gas fuelled reciprocating engines over a time frame of six years. The high octane rating, ultra clean, and low-energy density producer gas derived from biomass has been examined. Development efforts are aimed at a fundamental level, wherein the parametric effects of the compression ratio and ignition timing on the power output are studied. These findings are subsequently applied in the adaptation of commercially available gas engines at two different power levels and make. Design of a producer gas carburettor also formed a part of this developmental activity. The successful operations with producer gas fuel have opened possibilities for adapting a commercially available gas engine for large-scale power generation application, albeit with a loss of power to an extent of 20–30 per cent. This loss in power is compensated to a much larger extent by the way toxic emissions are reduced; these technologies generate smaller amounts of toxic gases (low NOx and almost zero SOx), being zero for greenhouse gas (GHG).
Soil-Gas Phase Transport and Structure Parameters for a Soil Under Different Management Regimes and at Two Moisture Levels

Abstract Measurements of diffusive and convective gas transport parameters can be used to describe soil functional architecture and reveal key factors for soil structure development. Undisturbed 100-cm3 soil samples were sampled at the Long-term Research on Agricultural Systems experiment located at the University of California, Davis. The 18 plots used in this study represented fairly wide ranges in organic carbon (0. 0072–0.0153 kg kg−1) and clay (0.30–0.44 kg kg−1). Soil-air permeability, ka, and soil-gas diffusivity, DP/D0, were determined at field-moist conditions (fm) and, subsequently, after saturation and drainage to −100 cm of matric potential (pF2). Gas diffusivity in intact samples at fm conditions exhibited a general, linear relationship with air-filled porosity ([Latin Small Letter Open E]), independent of soil texture and treatment. Comparing intact and repacked samples drained to pF2, repacked soil displayed markedly lower DP/D0 values at similar air-filled porosity, illustrating soil structure effects on DP/D0. The Currie tortuosity-connectivity parameter, X = Log(DP/D0)/Log([Latin Small Letter Open E]), decreased with increasing bulk density in the intact samples at both moisture conditions, suggesting less tortuous and well-connected pathways for gas diffusion at higher bulk density. Pore organization, PO = ka / [Latin Small Letter Open E], showed a treatment effect with typically higher values for the organic plots, implying that an improved possibility for formation of organomineral soil aggregates resulted in better-connected macropore networks. Fitting a linear model to DP/D0 versus [Latin Small Letter Open E] measurements revealed different slopes at the two moisture conditions, suggesting short-term nonsingularity (hysteretic) effects after rewetting and drainage. Defining the ratio of slopes at the fm and pF2 moisture conditions as a nonsingularity index (&agr;), the nonsingularity in DP/D0 increased with lower bulk density and higher organic carbon content.
Investigating the Relationship of Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention: Evidence from the Banking Sector of Pakistan

Organizational Citizenship Behaviors(OCB) are those behaviors for which employees are neither rewarded by their organizations, nor employees are encouraged to show such behaviors. OCB has potential to make countless contribution towards organizational effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between jobsatisfaction, organizational commitment, OCB and turnover intentions. This study has been conducted in the banking sector and for this purpose responses from 140 public and private banks’ employees were obtained through simple random sampling. A questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. SPSS17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that OCB is positively correlated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment, whereas it is negatively correlated with the turnover intentions.
Ultrastructural study of the host-parasite relationship , including encapsulation , of Buccinum undatum ( Gastropoda , Prosobranchia ) infected with daughter sporocysts of Zoogonoides viviparus ( Trematoda , Zoogonidae )

Daughter sporocysts of Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson 1868) Odhner 1902 (Trematoda, Zoogonidae) occur In the tissue between the tubules of the digestive gland of Buccinum undatum L. (Prosobranchia, Buccin~dae). Sporocysts in naturally infected snails were studied by hght, transmission and scannlng electron rnlcroscopy. The external surface of the sporocyst is increased by irregular tegurnental projecbons. Haemocytes adhere to the tegument of young sporocysts. Older sporocysts are surrounded by flattened haemocytes. No ~njured parasite or host cell membranes were found. The sporocysts and developing cercariae feed upon host haernolymph and disintegrated extracellular material. The body wall of morlbund or dead sporocysts may be attacked by phagocybzing haernocytes. Amoebocytic and phagocytic haemocytes take part in the process of encapsulation and destruction of the parasite. A granuloma formation remains after an encapsulated and subsequently completely removed parasite.
Electromagnetic cloaking with canonical spiral inclusions

We report an electromagnetic cloaking structure that is composed of identical canonical spiral particles. By using the Clausius–Mosotti formula, the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of a single spiral particle are related to the relative permittivity and permeability of the sparse distribution of particles. The permittivity and permeability of the distribution are, in turn, defined according to the coordinate transformation, which leads to the cloaking effect. Spirals are optimized to exhibit equal permittivity and permeability response so that the cloak consisting of these spirals will work for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. Measurement of the cloaking device surrounding a metal cylinder inside a parallel waveguide was performed. The steady-state propagation of an electromagnetic wave was reconstructed from the amplitude and phase data, which demonstrates that the field largely restores to a free-space propagation pattern after the cloak.
Fast or Slow: Sociological Implications of Measuring Dual-Process Cognition

Dual-process theories of cognition within sociology have received increasing attention from both supporters and critics. One limitation in this debate, however, is the common absence of empirical evidence to back dual-process claims. Here, I provide such evidence for dual-process cognition using measures of response latency in formal data collected in conjunction with an ethnographic study of atheists and evangelicals. I use timed responses to help make sense of evangelicals' language that frames 'religion' as negative but 'Christ-following' as positive. The data suggests that despite these Christians expressing a concept of the self that rejects 'religion,' deep dispositions remain associating religion as a positive entity, not a negative one. I further argue that the significance of dual-process theories to sociology is in untangling such complex webs of identity discourse by distinguishing between immediate responses primarily due to fast cognition and those that are further mediated by slower, more deliberate cognition.
Investors' and Central Bank's Uncertainty Embedded in Index Options

Shocks to equity options' ATM implied volatility (ATMIV) are followed by persistently lower short-term rates. Shocks to the ratio of OTM puts' over OTM calls' implied volatilities (P/C) are followed by persistently higher rates. The stock's and Treasury-bond's ATMIV indices, which measure market and policy uncertainty, are counter-cyclical while the P/C index, which measures downside risk, is pro-cyclical. An equilibrium model where investors and the central bank learn about composite regimes on economic and policy variables explains these options' dynamics, linking them to a learning-based, forward-looking Taylor rule. The model produces several predictions on the relation between options, monetary policy variables, and beliefs that find support in the data.
The Effect of Using the Process Approach to Writing on Developing University Students' Essay Writing Skills in EFL

This study aimed at investigating the effect of using the process approach to writing on developing university students’ essay writing skills. The study attempted to answer the following two questions: 1-What are the essay writing skills needed for university students in EFL? 2- What is the effect of using the process approach to writing on developing university students’ essay writing skills in EFL? Results of the study showed that the process approach to writing had positively affected the students’ essay writing skills in EFL. Based on results of the study, the researchers recommended placing more emphasis on teaching writing as a process not only as a product. The researchers also recommended attaching more emphasis on the pre- writing stage due to its vital role in the writing process.
Shared visions, future challenges: a case study of three Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program locations

The USDA Forest Service is encouraging the restoration of select forest ecosystems through its Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP). Collaboration is often necessary to implement landscape-scale management projects such as these, and a substantial body of research has examined the benefits and limitations of using collaboration as a tool for improving relationships, trust, and other outcomes among stakeholder groups. However, limited research has investigated the use of collaboration to achieve large-scale ecological restoration goals. Restoration poses some unique conditions for a collaborative approach, including reaching agreement on which historic conditions to use as a reference point, the degree of departure from these reference conditions that warrants management intervention, and how to balance historic conditions with expected future conditions and current human uses of the landscape. Using a mental-models approach, semistructured interviews were conducted with a total of 25 participants at three CFLRP sites. Results indicate that collaboration contributed to improved relationships and trust among participants, even among stakeholder groups with a history of disagreement over management goals. In addition, a shared focus on improving ecosystem resilience helped groups to address controversial management topics such as forest thinning in some areas. However, there was also evidence that CFLRP partnerships in our study locations have primarily focused on areas of high agreement among their stakeholders to date, and have not yet addressed other contentious topics. Previous studies suggest that first conducting management in areas with high consensus among participating stakeholders can build relationships and advance long-term goals. Nonetheless, our results indicate that achieving compromise in less obviously departed systems will require more explicit value-based discussions among stakeholders.
Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation : the approach of strategic niche management

The unsustainability of the present trajctories of technical change in sectors such as transport and agriculture is widely recognized. It is far from clear, however, how a transition to more sustainable modes of development may be achieved. Sustainable technologies that fulful important user requirements in terms of performance and price are most often not available on the market. Ideas of what might be more sustainable technologies exist, but the long development times, uncertainty about market demand and social gains, and the need for change at different levels in organization, technology, infastructure and the wider social and institutional context-provide a great barrier. This raises the question of how the potential of more sustainable technologies and modes of development may be exploited. In this article we describe how technical change is locked into dominant technological regimes, and present a perspective, called strategic niche management, on how to expedite a transition into a new regime. The perspective consists of the creation and/or management of nichesfor promising technologies.
Hybridization-driven orthorhombic lattice instability in URu_{2}Si_{2}

We have measured the elastic constant (C11-C12)/2 in URu2Si2 by means of high-frequency ultrasonic measurements in pulsed magnetic fields H || [001] up to 61.8 T in a wide temperature range from 1.5 to 116 K. We found a reduction of (C11-C12)/2 that appears only in the temperature and magnetic field region in which URu2Si2 exhibits a heavy-electron state and hidden-order. This change in (C11-C12)/2 appears to be a response of the 5f-electrons to an orthorhombic and volume conservative strain field \epsilon_xx-\epsilon_yy with {\Gamma}3-symmetry. This lattice instability is likely related to a symmetry-breaking band instability that arises due to the hybridization of the localized f electrons with the conduction electrons, and is probably linked to the hidden-order parameter of this compound.
Population dynamics of earthworms (Oligochaeta) in cultivated soils of central Himalayan tarai region

Earthworm population dynamics was studied in a cultivated soil at Shantipuri (29 o 55' N and 79 o 40' E, altitude 233 m) in central Himalayan tarai. A total of 2111 earth- worms from 235 samples were collected. Six species of earthworms were found: one Lumbrici- dae, and five Megascolecidae. Densities ranged from 0 to 19.0 ind. m -2 and biomass from 0 to 10.9 g m-2. About 94% of the total earthworms and 94% of the total biomass were found in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Age structure of earthworms indicated that clitellates were more abundant than aclitellates during the wet periods (June-October). The average annual ratio of clitellates to aclitellates was 1:0.8. Earthworm density showed positive correlations between soil moisture and worm biomass. Resumen: La dinamica poblacional de lombrices de tierra fue estudiada en un suelo culti- vado en Shantipuri (29 o 55' N y 79 o 40' E, altitud 233 m) en el tarai del Himalayan central. En total fueron recolectadas 2111 lombrices de tierra en 235 muestras. Fueron encontradas seis especies de lombrices: una Lumbricidae y cinco Megascolecidae. Las densidades fluctuaron en- tre 0 y 19.0 ind. m-2, y la biomasa entre 0 y 10.9 g m-2. Cerca de 94% del total de lombrices de tierra y 94% de la biomasa total fueron encontradas en la capa de suelo de 0 -10 cm. La estruc- tura de edades de las lombrices de tierra indico que las cliteladas fueron mas abundantes que las aclitelades durante los periodos humedos (junio-octubre). El cociente anual promedio de las cliteladas entre las acliteladas fue 1:0.8. La densidad de lombrices terrestres mostro correla- ciones positivas entre la humedad del suelo y la biomasa de las lombrices. Resumo: A dinâmica da populacao de minhocas foi estudada num solo cultivado em Shan- tiputi (29o 55' N e 79o 40' E, altitude 233 cm) na regiao central Himalayan tarai. Um total de 2111 individuos de uma amostra de 235 amostras foram colhidos. Seis especies de minhocas fo- ram encontradas; uma Lumbricidae e cinco Megascolecidae. As densidades variaram entre 0 e os 19,9 individuos.m-2 e a biomassa de 0 a 10,9 g.m-2. Cerca de 94% do total de minhocas e 94% da biomassa total foram encontradas na camada superior do solo entre os 0 -10 cm. A estrutura de idades das minhocas indicava que os clitelatos eram mais abundantes que os aclitelatos du- rante os periodos humidos (Junho - Outubro). O ratio anual medio entre os clitelatos e os acli- telatos era de 1:0,8. A densidade de minhocas mostrou estar positivamente correlacionada com o teor de humidade do solo e a biomassa das minhocas.