Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macular Hole Formation Following Choroidal Neovascularization Treatment in A High Myopic Eye with Epiretinal Membrane

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Yoshida Y, Yamamoto M, Kohno T, Shiraki K (2015) Macular Hole Formation Following Choroidal Neovascularization Treatment in A High Myopic Eye with Epiretinal Membrane. Int J Ophthalmol Clin Res 2:008 Received: December 19, 2014: Accepted: January 18, 2015: Published: January 21, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Yoshida Y. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Yoshida et al., Int J Ophthalmol Clin Res 2015, 2:1 ISSN: 2378-346X
Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

One of the purposes of the Cold Regions Hydro- logical Modelling platform (CRHM) is to diagnose inade- quacies in the understanding of the hydrological cycle and its simulation. A physically based hydrological model includ- ing a full suite of snow and cold regions hydrology processes as well as warm season, hillslope and groundwater hydrol- ogy was developed in CRHM for application in the Mar- mot Creek Research Basin ( 9.4 km 2 ), located in the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Parameters were selected from digital elevation model, forest, soil, and geo- logical maps, and from the results of many cold regions hy- drology studies in the region and elsewhere. Non-calibrated simulations were conducted for six hydrological years during the period 2005-2011 and were compared with detailed field observations of several hydrological cycle components. The results showed good model performance for snow accumula- tion and snowmelt compared to the field observations for four seasons during the period 2007-2011, with a small bias and normalised root mean square difference (NRMSD) ranging from 40 to 42 % for the subalpine conifer forests and from 31 to 67 % for the alpine tundra and treeline larch forest environ- ments. Overestimation or underestimation of the peak SWE ranged from 1.6 to 29 %. Simulations matched well with the observed unfrozen moisture fluctuation in the top soil layer at a lodgepole pine site during the period 2006-2011, with a NRMSD ranging from 17 to 39 %, but with consistent over- estimation of 7 to 34 %. Evaluations of seasonal streamflow during the period 2006-2011 revealed that the model gen- erally predicted well compared to observations at the basin scale, with a NRMSD of 60 % and small model bias (1 %), while at the sub-basin scale NRMSDs were larger, ranging from 72 to 76 %, though overestimation or underestimation for the cumulative seasonal discharge was within 29 %. Tim- ing of discharge was better predicted at the Marmot Creek basin outlet, having a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.58 compared to the outlets of the sub-basins where NSE ranged from 0.2 to 0.28. The Pearson product-moment cor- relation coefficient of 0.15 and 0.17 for comparisons between the simulated groundwater storage and observed groundwa- ter level fluctuation at two wells indicate weak but positive correlations. The model results are encouraging for uncali- brated prediction and indicate research priorities to improve simulations of snow accumulation at treeline, groundwater dynamics, and small-scale runoff generation processes in this environment. The study shows that improved hydrological cycle model prediction can be derived from improved hydro- logical understanding and therefore is a model that can be applied for prediction in ungauged basins.
Characterization of an orthotopic gastric cancer mouse model with lymph node and organ metastases using bioluminescence imaging

Lymph node (LN) metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) is the strongest prognostic indicator for this disease; however, the majority of the LN metastasis profiles of GC remain unknown, which notably hinders the therapeutic efficacy in clinic. In the present study, an orthotopic model of human GC was established for investigation of time-dependent LN metastasis patterns in mice. Luciferase-expressing NCI-N87 human GC cells were injected into the subserosa of the gastric body, resulting in a tumor formation rate of 100%. LN metastasis at four different anatomical positions in the abdomen were characterized until week 10 after tumor cell injection using sensitive bioluminescence imaging and histopathological analyses. Skip LN metastases were observed at later stages (weeks 8–10) of the experiment. Metastases in other major organs, including liver, spleen and lung, were also examined. Characterization of this orthotopic GC model and metastasis patterns in LNs and major organs should aid in the preclinical GC research regarding the metastatic mechanism and drug development.
A Fuzzy Expert System for Distinguishing between Bacterial and Aseptic Meningitis

Introduction Bacterial meningitis is a known infectious disease which occurs at early ages and should be promptly diagnosed and treated. Bacterial and aseptic meningitis are hard to be distinguished. Therefore, physicians should be highly informed and experienced in this area. The main aim of this study was to suggest a system for distinguishing between bacterial and aseptic meningitis, using fuzzy logic. Materials and Methods In the first step, proper attributes were selected using Weka 3.6. 7 software. Six attributes were selected using Attribute Evaluator, InfoGainAttributeEval, and Ranker search method items. Then, a fuzzy inference engine was designed using MATLAB software, based on Mamdani’s fuzzy logic method with max-min composition, prod-probor, and centroid defuzzification. The rule base consisted of eight rules, based on the experience of three specialists and information extracted from textbooks. Results Data were extracted from 106 records of patients with meningitis (42 cases with bacterial meningitis) in order to evaluate the proposed system. The system accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were 89%, 92 %, and 97%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.93, and Kappa test revealed a good level of agreement (k=0.84, P<0.0005). Conclusion According to the results, the suggested fuzzy system showed a good agreement and high efficiency in terms of distinguishing between bacterial and aseptic meningitis. To avoid unnecessary antibiotic treatments, patient hospitalization, and misdiagnosis of bacterial meningitis, such systems are useful and highly recommended. However, no system has been yet introduced with 100% correct output and further research is required to improve the results.
Düşük ve Yüksek Mesleki Öz-Yetkinlik Algısına Sahip Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Dönüt Verme Biçimlerinin İncelenmesi

Bu arastirmada dusuk ve yuksek mesleki oz-yetkinlik algisina sahip sinif ogretmenlerinin ogrencilere verdikleri donut bicimlerinin karsilastirmali bir sekilde incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu Hatay ili merkeze bagli devlet ilkokullarinda gorevli sekiz sinif ogretmeni olusturmaktadir. Yapilandirilmamis gozlemler ve yari-yapilandirilmis gorusmelerle toplanan veriler, betimsel analiz yontemiyle cozumlenmistir. Bu cozumlemelerde Schimmel’in (1988) donut siniflamasi kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizi sonucunda gozlem ve gorusmelerde oldukca paralel sonuclara ulasilmistir. Hem gorusme hem de gozlem sonuclarina gore her iki gruptaki ogretmenlerin genel olarak butun donut tiplerine yer verdikleri; en az yer verdikleri donutlerin teshis edici donutler oldugu; bunun ardindan sirayla duzeltici ve aciklayici donutlerin geldigi; ogretmenlerce en cok tercih donutlerin ise teyit edici donutler oldugu belirlenmistir. Bununla birlikte mesleki oz-yetkinlik algisi yuksek olan ogretmenlerin butun donut turlerini, dusuk mesleki yetkinlik algisina sahip ogretmenlerden cok daha sik kullandiklari ortaya cikmistir. Arastirmada yapilan gozlemlerin sonuclari incelendiginde, ogrencilerin ogrenmeleri uzerinde diger donut turlerine gore daha olumlu etkileri olan teshis edici donutlerin, yuksek mesleki yetkinlik algisina sahip ogretmenler arasinda da en az kullanilan donut tipi oldugu belirlenmistir.
Asymmetric Monetary Policy Effects in Germany

In a small structural model we find asymmetries in the effects of monetary policy in Germany depending on whether the economy is in an upswing or a downswing. These two different regimes are also identified using a Markov-switching model and the Kalman filter. Our results indicate that the effects of monetary policy are significantly higher in a downswing than in an upswing. It follows not only that monetary policy has to raise interest rates markedly if an economy is overheating but also that once a downturn is discernible, interest rates have to be lowered rapidly so as to prevent an overly large reaction of the real economy.
PROBLEMS ON ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUID FLOWS

In this paper, we develop and analyze a new model describing electrorheological fluid flow. In contrast to existing models, which assume the electric field to be perpendicular to the velocity field and are thus restricted to simple shear flow and flows close to it, we consider the fluid as anisotropic and introduce a general constitutive relation based on a viscosity function that depends on the shear rate, the electric field strength, and on the angle between the electric and the velocity vectors. We study general flow problems under nonhomogeneous mixed boundary conditions with given values of velocities and surface forces on different parts of the boundary. We investigate both the case where the viscosity function is continuous and the case where it is singular for vanishing shear rate. In the latter case, the problem reduces to a variational inequality. Using methods of nonlinear analysis such as fixed point theory, monotonicity, and compactness, we establish existence results for the problems under consideration. Some efficient methods for the numerical solution of the problems are presented, and numerical results for the simulation of the fluid flow in electrorheological shock absorbers are given.
Unlocking firm level productivity and promoting more inclusive growth : the role of innovation in Ethiopia

Rapid and consistent economic growth of Ethiopia over the past decade has contributed to reducing the number of people living in poverty. The Government of Ethiopia has created the growth and transformation plan (GTP), focusing on two overarching themes: fostering competitiveness and employment, and enhancing resilience and reducing vulnerabilities. This plan recognizes that for poverty reduction and economic growth to be sustainable, the Ethiopian economic structure will have to undergo a fundamental transformation. In accordance with a focus on poverty reduction and economic growth, the GTP has identified five main levers for change: public sector investment in infrastructure to lay the ground for private sector development, enhancement of policies and regulations to provide an environment conducive to competitiveness and productivity, expanding access to credit for small and medium size enterprises, provision of training and education to augment the supply of skilled labor, and improved access to land. Technological adoption and innovation will play a crucial role in delivering the goals laid out in the GTP. Participation in foreign markets also induces firms to become more innovative, a phenomenon known as learning through exporting, as observed among Ethiopian leather exporters. Another vital determinant of innovative activity is the accumulation of human capital and the skill level of the workforce. This study seeks: (i) to empirically analyze the extent of innovative activities that formal firms are undertaking in Ethiopia; (ii) to conduct a review of the existing innovation landscape; and (iii) to identify opportunities to foster innovations at the base of the pyramid (BoP) in Ethiopia. This study is structured as follows: chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two provides a detailed overview of the characteristics of growth and innovation, by providing key insights based on the enterprise survey analysis on the characteristics, motivations, operational and market environment and constraints of the innovators in Ethiopia. Chapter three assesses the innovation landscape in Ethiopia, by looking at the governmental and private agencies responsible to promote innovation, as well as active programs, and donor initiatives which may play a role in promoting firm level and pro-poor innovations. Chapter four provides policy recommendations to promote innovation in Ethiopia both at the firm level and in the form of pro-poor initiatives.
Defining Elemental Imitation Mechanisms: A Comparison of Cognitive and Motor-Spatial Imitation Learning Across Object- and Computer-Based Tasks

During the first 5 years of life, the versatility, breadth, and fidelity with which children imitate change dramatically. Currently, there is no model to explain what underlies such significant changes. To that end, the present study examined whether task-independent but domain-specific—elemental—imitation mechanism explains performance across imitation tasks or domains. Preschool-age children (n = 156) were tested on 4 imitation tasks, 2 object-based (animal, puzzle box) and 2 computer-based (cognitive, motor-spatial). All tasks involved 3 serial actions. The animal task involved making an animal face, and the puzzle box task involved manipulating a box to retrieve a reward. The cognitive task involved responding to 3 different pictures in a specific picture order, and the motor-spatial task involved responding to 3 identical pictures in a specific spatial order. A principal component analysis including performance on all 4 tasks produced 2 components: “cognitive imitation” (cognitive and animal tasks) and “motor-spatial imitation” (motor-spatial and puzzle box tasks). Regression analyses replicated these results. These findings provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that underlying performance across these different tasks involves multiple—elemental—imitation mechanisms for learning and copying domain-specific information across tasks.
Spawning behaviour and success of mature male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr of farmed and wild origin

We examined genetic differences in the reproduction of an alternative maturation phenotype in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by comparing the spawning behaviour and success among farmed, first-generation hybrid, and wild mature male parr raised in similar environments. Parr competed for spawning opportunities in the presence of ei- ther wild or farmed large males. There were no consistent differences among groups in aggression; however, there were differences in spawning participation with respect to large male origin and among parr types. There was a strong nega- tive temporal effect on mature male parr spawning participation that differed by parr type; wild and farmed parr were most likely to participate in early spawnings, with hybrids being the most likely to participate in late spawnings. Over- all, parr were also less likely to participate in spawnings involving large farmed males. Variance in reproductive suc- cess was higher among parr than among large males. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that there are genetically based behavioural differences among mature male parr of farmed and wild origin that may potentially lead to differences in reproductive success.
NON-GENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING STILLBIRTH AND ITS EFFECTS ON LONGEVITY, PRODUCTION, AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN HOLSTEIN COWS OF IRAN

The aim of this study was to determine the factors affectingstillbirth and the consequences of stillbirth on longevity, production, and reproductive performance in Holstein cows of Ira n.Calving records from March 2000 to April 2009 comprising of220,043 calvings on102,199 cows in33herds were used. The results showed that 4.06% of the newborn calves died within 48 h of birth . The stillbirth rate was significantly higher for first par ity cows(P<0.01). Calving difficulty significantly increased the risk of stillbirths (P<0.01). The frequency of stillbirth was lower for female calves than formalesand was higher for twins than for singletons(P<0.01). Stillbirth significantly (P<0.01)reduced305 d milk,fat and protein yield by222 (±31),8 (±1.12),and6 (±1.01)kg per cow per lactation , respectively. Milk protein percentage, but not fat percentage, was affected by stillbirth (P<0.01). The mean calving interval for cows experiencing s tillbirth was significantly longer than for thosewith live calves (410.3 (±1.17)vs.405. 5 (±1.05) d (P<0.01),respectively). The overall mean longevity was affected by stillbirth while the shortest lifetime was observed for cows with stillbirth at their first parity (P<0.01).
Perceptions of gingival display aesthetics among orthodontists, maxillofacial surgeons and laypersons

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of maxillary gingival exposure on the aesthetic perception of smiles among different groups of individuals. Methods: Single smile photographs were taken of a Caucasian man, a Caucasian woman, an Afro-Brazilian man and an Afro-Brazilian woman. All photographs were processed with a computer; five images were constructed from each original photograph to depict different amounts of gingival display: 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 mm. Pictures created from the same group were randomly arranged and submitted for evaluation by 60 subjects in three groups (orthodontists, maxillofacial surgeons and laypersons) who were asked to rate the attractiveness of each image on an analogical visual scale. Results: The three groups of subjects all rated the 0 and 1 mm gingival display images similarly, suggesting that they had the same aesthetic perception of this smile type (p < .05). However, orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons rated gingival displays of 3, 5 and 7 mm less highly than did the layperson group. There was no statistical difference between the orthodontist and maxillofacial surgeon groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the aesthetic perception of gummy smiles statistically differed among studied subjects, with laypersons assigning the greatest scores and orthodontists assigning the lowest scores.
A Study on the Structure and Function of the Prostaglandin E Receptor Subtype EP 2 1998 Masato Katsuyama

A functional cDNA clone for the mouse PGE receptor subtype EP2 was isolated from a mouse cDNA library. The mouse EP2 consists of 362 amino acid residues with seven putative transmembrane domains. [3H]PGE2 bound specifically to the membrane of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing the cloned receptor. This binding was displaced by unlabeled prostanoids, in the order of efficiency of PGE2 = PGEI >> iloprost, a stable PGI2 agonist > PGF2ct > PGD2. Binding was also inhibited by butaprost (an EP2 agonist) and to a lesser extent by M&B 28767 (an EP3 agonist), but not by sulprostone (an EPI and EP3 agonist) or SC-19220 (an EPI antagonist). PGE2 and butaprost increased the cAMP level in the CHO cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Northern blot analysis revealed that EP2 mRNA is expressed most abundantly in the uterus, fol}owed by the spleen, lung, thymus, ileum, liver, and stomach.
A Performance Study of Massive MIMO Heterogeneous Networks with Ricean/Rayleigh Fading

Massive multiple-input and multiple-out (massive MIMO) systems and heterogeneous networks (HetNet) are envisioned to meet the new performance objectives of evolving networks. Now, the main challenge of massive MIMO with HetNet in two-tier networks is how to alleviate interference generated by the randomly deployed femtocells to the macro cells. In this paper, we investigate massive MIMO with HetNet, where the intended macro base station (MBS) transmission follows Ricean fading and interfering femto BS transmissions follow Rayleigh fading. Then, by exploiting matrix and stochastic geometric tools, we derive tight approximations for the intended signal power and aggregated interfering power signal. And derive the signal-to-interference (SIR) with the convolution of the two power signals. Then, we obtain the performance objectives: coverage and outage probabilities, and area spectral efficiency. Further, to reduce the cell edge effects and improve the SIR, we study the role of massive MIMO beamforming coordination with the high-powered MBSs. Thus, we develop maxi-min optimization to control the MBS transmit power. Numerical results show that the coverage and outage performance converge for different user locations, pathloss and Ricean factor. The monotonic increase in Ricean factor improves the SIR of a user located within coverage region. Optimal values of macro BS antenna and transmit power guarantee rate-fairness between the coordinating MBSs, and avoid strong Ricean channel correlation. Also, the performance gain is dependent on the user location, but independent of the cell size.
IMPACT OF SALINITY STRESS ON SEED GERMINATION INDICES OF MAIZE ( Zea mays L.) GENOTYPES

This investigation was done to find germination re sponse of nine maize ( Zea mays L.) genotypes under three levels of NaCl salinity (0 mM, 100 mM and 200 mM). Seeds were germinated and grown in Petri plates on filter paper, using above mentioned salt soluti- on as treatment with three replications, incubated at 28±1 0 C in a growth chamber following randomized complete block design. Germination percentage (GP), germination speed (GS), germination index (GI), seedling dry weight (SDW), seed vigor index (SVI) and salt toleran- ce index (STI) were all decreased as the level of N aCl was increased. Mean germination time (MGT) and Percent reduction in dry weight over control (%ROC) was increased as the NaCl levels increased. Interaction between genotypes and salt levels showed varying degree of differences. It is concluded that genotypes showed response variability for seed germination under saline stress. Among the investigated genotyp es inbred line CZ-7 expressed as the tolerant genotype and B73 appeared to be more sensitive at germination stage.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SECURITY SOLUTION FOR M-GOVERNMENT ON MOBILE PLATFORMS USING HYBRID OF NTRU-PKI AND AES-RIJNDAEL 1

In recent years and specifically in the era of rapid technology development, many changes have taken place in the field of communication technologies (ICT), where mobile devices have replaced computers in multiple significant tasks. This has influenced the interactions between citizens and government agencies in what is called the m-Government, which is an extension of the e-Government that provides services to citizens in general or subscribers in particular. As these services range from public to private bodies and data transmitted sometimes require authentication and confidentiality, the need to secure them has been found to be inevitable. The problem faced here is regarding security of transmitted data as cryptography algorithms whether symmetric or asymmetric; suffer from issues of key exchange mechanism or security performance. In this research, the authors proposes a system technique to secure the transmission of the mGovernment using hybrid security algorithms of AES-Rijndael and NTRU, with concentration on confidentiality and authentication as core services in m-Government current transactions, in order to enhance the security of transmission medium and achieve better security of m-Government services. The findings of this dissertation have shown proof of the powerful presence of security factors concerning confidentiality and authentication in the field of m-Government, and test performance approves that the proposed technique is applicable on smartphone devices.