Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of CO2 and nitrogen supply on the biochemical composition of Ulva rigida with especial emphasis on lipid class analysis

Summary Lipid class composition was analysed in the green macroalga Ulva rigida grown under normal (350 ppm) and high (10,000 ppm) CO2 levels, and in nitrate saturated and nitrogen limited conditions. A new protocol for the extraction of lipids has been defined. Culture conditions altered the fate of assimilated carbon, and significant changes were observed in protein and total lipid content in particular. A CO2-enriched atmosphere conditioned the effects of nitrogen limitation on lipid class composition, revealing deep qualitative changes in carbon metabolism. Triglycerides accumulated at high CO2 and under nitrogen limitation, while chloroplast-related lipids showed an inverse response. Changes in phospholipids could be related to carbon availability as they did not respond to nitrogen limitation. The ratio sterols/acetone-mobile polar lipids followed a negative linear relation with the optimum quantum yield for photosynthetic electron transport (Fv/Fm), and was considered as an index of the «light status» of the cell. The specificity of the response of lipid classes to growth conditions in U. rigida emphasizes the potential role of lipid class analyses as a diagnostic tool for environmental stress.
SUNFLOWER BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO ABIOTIC STRESSES

Due to a specific structure of its main organs (root, stem, leaves, head), sunflower can be successfully grown on marginal soils and in semi-arid conditions and it is more resistant to abiotic stresses than other field crops. In sunflower breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses, the greatest progress has been made in selection for drought resistance. Breeders use over 30 different parameters in sunflower screening for drought resistance, with physiological ones being the predominant type. Best breeding results have been achieved using the phenomenon of stay-green, with the added bonus that this method incorporates into the cultivated sunflower not only drought resistance but resistance to Macrophomina and Phomopsis as well. The diversity of the wild Helianthus species offers great possibilities for increasing the genetic resistance of the cultivated sunflower towards abiotic stresses. In using wild sunflower species in sunflower breeding for drought resistance and resistance to salinity, best results have so far been achieved with H. argophyllus and H. paradoxus, respectively. In addition to the use of wild Helianthus species, sunflower breeding for abiotic stress resistance should also make more use of molecular breeding techniques. More progress has been made in sunflower breeding for heat resistance than in that for cold resistance. Specific breeding programs dealing with sunflower resistance to mineral deficiency and mineral toxicity have yet to be established. Sunflower breeders worldwide should commit to a greater use of wild Helianthus species in breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses.
PLASMA DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF 2p4f IN N+—ACCURATE WAVELENGTHS AND OSCILLATOR STRENGTHS

Radiative emission lines from nitrogen and its ions are often observed in nebula spectra, where the N2 + abundance can be inferred from lines of the 2p4f configuration. In addition, intensity ratios between lines of the 2p3p–2p3s and 2p4f–2p3d transition arrays can serve as temperature diagnostics. To aid abundance determinations and plasma diagnostics, wavelengths and oscillator strengths were calculated with high precision for electric dipole (E1) transitions from levels in the 2p4f configuration of N+. Electron correlation and relativistic effects, including the Breit interaction, were systematically taken into account within the framework of the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method. Except for the 2p4f–2p4d transitions with quite large wavelengths and the two-electron–one-photon 2p4f–2s2p3 transitions, the uncertainties of the present calculations were controlled to within 3% and 5% for wavelengths and oscillator strengths, respectively. We also compared our results with other theoretical and experimental values when available. Discrepancies were found between our calculations and previous calculations due to the neglect of relativistic effects in the latter.
Determining soil erosion rates on semi‐arid watersheds using radioisotope‐derived sedimentation chronology

This study investigates erosion dynamics of the past 90 years in three small semi‐arid watersheds with histories of grazing and vegetation change. Activity of 137Cs and excess 210Pb from 18 cores collected from sedimentation ponds were measured using a gamma spectrometer. The sediment was dated using a constant rate of supply (CRS) model. This study represents the first time that reservoir sediment accumulation rates determined from fallout isotopes have been verified by direct volumetric measurements of aggradation based on topographic surveys. Measured sedimentation in the ponds ranged between 1.9 and 2.3 cm y−1, representing average sediment delivery rates from the watersheds of between 0.6 and 2.0 t ha−1 y−1. These sediment delivery rates were in agreement with those established by other methods for similar catchments in the region. Past variations in sedimentation rates were identified and correlated with recorded history of anthropogenic disturbance. 137Cs and 210Pb methods are suitable for use in arid environments and can complement each other to increase reliability of erosion rate estimates. The abundance of stock ponds in southwestern USA presents an opportunity to quantify historic erosion and sediment transfer dynamics in areas that have not been well studied or instrumented. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Intoxications by aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons: hepatotoxic risks for patients and clinical issues including role of CO2-induced hyperventilation as therapy option.

Human liver toxicity by alcohol use is highly prevalent in most countries as opposed to the rarity of liver injury by other chemicals. This applies preferentially to industrial and household chemicals of the aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon type, with carbon tetrachloride as one of the best known chemical. Mainly eliminated through the lungs, such hydrocarbons are metabolized in very small amounts in the liver to toxic radicals. However, due to the rarity of published liver injury cases, little information is available of the clinical course of patients with acute intoxication by aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons and therapy options. In the present article, case data of 60 patients with these intoxications are briefly reviewed and treatment options recommended. These include forced removal of the toxins through the lungs via CO2-induced hyperventilation with the aim to increase the respiratory volume to 25-30 liter per minute. Duration of this hyperventilation therapy was 106.0 ± 10.5 hours among the 60 patients, and discharge calculated from the day of intoxication was after 14.5 ± 1.5 days. Age of the patients was 41.1 ± 3.9 years, with significantly higher ages in patients with unintentional poisoning as compared to those with intentional intoxication (49.8 ± 6.5 years vs. 31.6 ± 2.8 years; p<0.005). Lethality rate was 4/60 patients corresponding to 6.7%. In summary, cases of acute intoxications by aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons and associated liver injury are rarely described in the scientific and medical literature, but therapy options exist that include increased toxin removal via the lungs through CO2-induced hyperventilation.
MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION FOR VIRUS RESISTANCE IN POTATO: OPTIONS AND CHALLENGES

Viruses are one of the major problems in potato cultivation. Resistance breeding is the only effective method to control viruses in a potato crop. The conventional breeding methods, however, are slow and cumbersome due to tetraploid and heterozygous status of cultivated potatoes. A number of genes for resistance to viruses, such as PLRV, PVY, PVX, PVS, PVM and PVA derived from wild/cultivated Solanum species have been identified and mapped using molecular markers. The genes/QTLs conferring extreme resistance or hypersensitivity response to viruses, for which markers are available, have been successfully introgressed into potato. Some of the easy assay markers for virus resistance genes Ry adg , Ry sto (=Ry-f sto ), Rychc, Ny-1, Rx, Nb, Ns, Rm, Gm, Plrv.1 (QTL) and Plrv.4 (QTL) have been developed for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in potato breeding. Agarose-based diagnostic PCR markers like ISSR, CAPS, RAPD, SCAR and STS have the potential for faster and accurate potato breeding for virus resistance through MAS.
Trust in the context of management relationships: an empirical study.

This paper responds to calls for exploration of the dynamics of trust in the embedded context of interpersonal managerial relationships. Building on theoretical distinctions between different types of interpersonal relationships established in social psychology, the paper proposes a generic typology of interpersonal managerial relationships, along with associated hypotheses and implications for trust. The later part of the paper then reports the results from an initial exploratory study that supports and extends the practical application of the proposed relationship typology and refines the hypotheses in the specific context of managerial work.
Assessment of somaclonal variation in sugarcane

A study was conducted from 2006 to 2008 to assess the variability arising from callus regeneration and its vegetative transmission in a subtropical variety of sugarcane, CoJ 64. Qualitative and quantitative characters were evaluated in the field at maturity in each of the 3 years at the same location. The frequencies of variants were compared to those found in the original variety. The tissue culture process resulted in increased morphological variability among the produced somaclones. Their variability was manifested according to the data for stalk diameter, length, internodes, millable canes, leaf length, width and sucrose characters. The variation among the somaclones was confirmed in the three consecutive years. Key words: Callus regeneration, vegetative transmission, sugarcane.
Seasonal fluctuations in environmental factors and variations in symbiotic algae and chlorophyll pigments in four Indo-Pacific coral species

Marked seasonality is observed in sea-surface temperature (SST) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) received by shallow water corals at Phuket, Thailand (7° N latitude). This seasonality is reflected in both algal densities and algal chlorophylls (a and c 2 ) in 4 massive species of scleractinian corals, namely Coeloseris mayeri, Goniastrea retiformis, Porites lutea, and G. aspera. Algal numbers and algal chlorophylls are generally maximal at the end of the wet season (November) and minimal at the end of the dry season (March to May). Algal densities are reduced by up to 53 % in May compared to November in some species, while algal chlorophylls may be up to 4-fold greater in November. Concomitant with these changes are differences in algal cell volume in 3 out of the 4 species studied and alterations in host tissue depth, with smaller algal volume and greater tissue depth at the end of the wet compared with the dry season. Over the period 1993 to 1996 algal numbers showed a significant negative correlation with monthly (30 d) and short-term (1 to 2 d) values of both SST and PAR dose, while algal chlorophylls displayed a significant negative correlation with PAR dose in the 5 d preceding collection. Rising SST and increasing PAR in the dry season are paralleled by decreasing algal numbers and algal chlorophylls on an annual basis. Recovery of algal densities and a build-up in algal chlorophylls follow reductions in SST and PAR at the end of the wet season. In one of the years, when coral 'bleaching' was widespread at the study site (May 1995), the interaction between SST and PAR resulted in an 86 % reduction in algal densities in bleached corals compared to their annual maximum density. This study highlights the importance of seasonal fluctuations in physical environmental parameters and concomitant changes in the coral/algal symbiosis. Furthermore, it emphasises the need for greater understanding of the potential effects of seasonal and inter-annual variability on the status of algal symbionts, as well as identification of critical times of the year when visible bleaching may not be obvious but when algal numbers and algal chlorophylls are low and effects on coral physiology may be far-reaching.
Field Experiments to Determine the Effect of a Debris Layer on Ablation of Glacier Ice

Ablation of glacier ice has been observed with artificial debris layers prepared with Ottawa sand (ASTM C-109) ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 m thick. Data on external variables observed during the experiments and determination of physical constants of the debris layers have allowed the testing of a proposed simple model. Theoretical predictions compare favourably with the observations. Discussion is extended to a proposal for a simple method by which ablation under a debris layer could be estimated even if the thermal conductivity or thermal resistance of the material were unknown.
Effects of surface oxidation on the linear optical properties of Cu nanoparticles

Applications of copper nanoparticles (NPs) are restricted due to their proneness to oxidation by ambient oxygen if not properly protected. Here we discuss the optical properties and application potential of copper NPs covered by a thin oxide layer. Considering Cu@Cu2O core–shell type structures with different core size and shell thicknesses, linear optical properties of surface-oxidized copper NPs have been studied theoretically. Contrary to common perception, it has been demonstrated that surface-oxidized copper NPs have certain advantages for plasmonic applications. While the position of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be fine-tuned by varying the thickness of the oxide layer, their plasmonic response can be enhanced (SPR intensity gain up to 30%) by adjusting the thickness of the oxide layer.
PWA Modelling and Co-ordinated Continuous and Logical Control of a Laboratory Scale Plant with Hybrid Dynamics

Abstract Abstract Many process plants are nonlinear and together with this they include a combination of continuous valued and logical control inputs and subsystems. This paper attempts to explore the potential of hybrid model predictive control (MPC) to cope with both of these problems. It uses a laboratory scale plant that was designed for experiments with hybrid systems. This plant has both continuous and logical control inputs and it is considerably nonlinear. An approximate hybrid model of the plant in the form of a piecewise affine (PWA) system is developed and evaluated in the first part of the paper. After that a hybrid MPC based on PWA model is applied to the control of the plant. While designing hybrid MPC and evaluating its performance, there is a special focus on the following question. Logical and continuous control systems are usually designed separately. This may result in unforeseen interactions between logical and continuous control and in the deterioration of the control performance. However, hybrid MPC is based on hybrid model that captures both logical and continuous dynamics in one unified framework. Hence it can reasonably be expected that hybrid MPC can avoid undesirable interactions and possibly also make use of these interactions in a positive way (e.g. to speed up the control response using logical inputs). Control results obtained with hybrid MPC are indeed fairly good and they show clear improvement over the results achieved with separate design of logical and continuous control.
New measurements of radial velocities in clusters of galaxies

95 redshifts have been obtained in eight Abell galaxy using the multi-object spectrograph SILFID. Data on individual galaxies are presented, and the accuracy of the determined velocities are discussed as well as properties of the cluster. Near complete samples of galaxies have been obtained for the clusters A957, A2063 and A2589 in their central regions
US antidumping actions against China: the impact of China's entry into the World Trade Organization

ABSTRACT This paper engages in a preliminary examination of US antidumping actions against China and addresses the conditions under which US industries are likely to initiate antidumping petitions against Chinese firms and obtain affirmative antidumping rulings from regulatory authorities. We conjecture that China's accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO) has not enhanced the prospect of Chinese firms successfully defending themselves against antidumping suits initiated by the US for three reasons. First, the rather dramatic expansion in US–China trade and, in particular, in US imports from China, has led US antidumping authorities to more aggressively pursue antidumping cases against China. Second, WTO membership has resulted in increasing US investment in China, thus undercutting the competitive advantage of some small domestic firms relative to those that have invested in the Chinese market, and leading the former to lobby more rigorously for protection from Chinese imports. Third, as China has agreed to the non-market economy (NME) designation in antidumping investigations for up to 15 years upon accession, its NME status has led US antidumping authorities to apply more stringent criteria in antidumping investigations. We support our argument with statistical analyses of the pattern of US antidumping initiation and adjudication against China.
Formulation and quality control of cationic liposomes

Cationic liposomes are traditionally used for delivering macromolecules such as nucleic acids to mammalian and plant cells. This paper describes a novel simple and relatively inexpensive method for preparation of cationic liposomes using an ethanol injection/pressure extrusion method. The study also evaluated the utility of a colorimetric method for quantification of cationic liposomes. Binding of erythrosine dye to cationic liposomes resulted in a shift of the absorption maximum of the dye from 528nm to 549nm in a buffer at pH 4.25, allowing quantification of these vesicles. Colour development was completed in 5 to 10 minutes at room temperature, with only 10% decrease in absorbance observed in the following 2 hours. Divergent values were noted in the presence of interfering agents such as detergents and salts. The erythrosine method is sensitive down to 0.20 µg/mL of cationic lipid and is linear to 3.13 µg/mL. The erythrosine dye method for quantitation of cationic liposomes is valuable for the field of liposome technology. In addition, a relatively simple method for separation of nucleic acids complexed to cationic liposomes from unbound molecules is presented. This method utilises a Ficoll-based gradient centrifugation method. Laboratory-formulated liposomes were just as efficient in binding nucleic acids as commercially available types.
Antimicrobial Inhibition Activity of Some Plant Oil Extracts (Syzygium aromticum , Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Citrus limon)

The be done study impression concentrations different from of Extraction essential oils some of the plants clove (Syzygium aromticum L.), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and lemon (Citrus limon) against isolations bacterial and which included(Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus roseus, Serratia sp) and isolations fungals (Penicillium sp. Rhizopus sp. Fusarium sp., Aspergillus niger) where showed results if extract essential of clove got high inhibition against bacterial ,comparison with extract essential of lemon . Were rate inhibition extract oil of clove against bacterial at concentration 0.1, 8.98%, 10,67%, 9.48%, 11.54% mg/ml on respectively and against fungal 18.24%, 17,84%, 15.08%, 16.15% mg/ml on respectively while extract of lemon were rate inhibition low from inhibition extract of clove and got inhibition complete against bacterial and fungal extract essential of clove at concentration 1,2.5,5 mg/ml while got inhibition complete against bacterial and fungal extract essential of lemon at concentration 2.5,5 mg/ml while got inhibition complete against fungal extract oil Cinnamon at concentration 1,2.5,5 mg/ml . where showed results if extract oil Cinnamon got high inhibition against fungal ,comparison with extract oil clove and lemon. Keywords: Extract oils, plant ,clove ,lemon, Cinnamon, antimicrobia
From Early Family Systems to Internalizing Symptoms

Research has demonstrated the importance of early family characteristics, such as the quality of caregiving, on children’s later mental health. Information is, however, needed about the role of more holistic family systems and specific child-related socioemotional mechanisms. In this study, we conceptualize families as dynamic family system types, consisting of both marital and parenting trajectories over the transition to parenthood. First, we examine how early family system types predict children’s anxiety, depression, peer exclusion and emotion regulation. Second, we test whether couple’s infertility history and other family-related contextual factors moderate the effects of family system types on child outcomes. Third, we test whether children’s emotion regulation and peer exclusion mediate the effects of family system types on anxiety and depression. The participants were 452 families representing cohesive, distant, authoritative, enmeshed, and discrepant family types, identified on the basis of relationship autonomy and intimacy from pregnancy to the child’s age of 2 and 12 months. Children’s anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, and peer exclusion were assessed at the age of 7-8 years. Structural equation modeling showed that distant, enmeshed, and discrepant families similarly predicted children’s heightened anxiety and depression. Infertility history, parental education, and parity moderated the associations between certain family system types and child outcomes. Finally, emotion regulation, but not peer exclusion, was a common mediating mechanism between distant and enmeshed families and children’s depression. The results emphasize the importance of early family environments on children’s emotion regulation development and internalizing psychopathology.
Cultural condition affecting the growth and production of â-galactosidase by lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL 4495

2 Abstract:The production of â-galactosida se by Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL 4495 was studied. The highest yield of intracellular â-galactosidase was achieved using acid whey (3.5%) as carbon source after 48h fermentation. Ammonium sulphate (3%) was the best nitrogen source. Addition of 2 MnCl at 0.02M optimized the production of the enzyme. In addition, the activity reached 51.46U/g cells when the temperature of the fermentation optimized at 40°C. The highest â-galactosidase activity was obtained by using mechanical disintegration of cells by mortar with sterile sea sand under cooling. By studying some properties of the produced enzyme, the enzyme activity was optimum at 40°C and pH 7.0. In absence of substrate and up to 45°C the enzyme was highly stable, at least for 60 min, retaining 83% of its original activity.
Traditional fermented foods of Manipur

In Manipur, traditional fermented soybean (Hawaijar), bamboo shoot products (Soibum/Soijim, Soidon), fish products (Ngari, Hentak), mustard leaf extract (Ziang Sang, Ziang Dui) and fermented beverages, viz. Atingba and fruit wines have been consumed as a regular food in different recipes over a long period of time. These household arts are handed down through generation by generation. In the study, the traditional preparation processes of fermented foods of Manipur were documented.