Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic Insider Trading Equilibrium: A Forward Integration Approach

The continuous-time version of Kyle’s (1985) model of asset pricing with asymmetric information is studied, and generalized in various directions, i.e., by allowing time-varying noise trading, and by allowing the orders of the noise traders to be correlated with the insider’s signal. From rather simple assumptions we are able to derive the optimal trade for an insider; the trading intensity satisfies a deterministic integral equation, given perfect inside information. We use a new technique called forward integration in order to find the optimal trading strategy. This is an extension of the stochastic integral which takes account of the informational asymmetry inherent in this problem. The market makers’ price response is found by the use of filtering theory. The novelty is our approach, which could be extended in scope.
The development of the cortisol response to dyadic stressors in Black and White infants

Abstract Acute reactivity of the stress hormone cortisol is reflective of early adversity and stress exposure, with some studies finding that the impact of adversity on the stress response differs by race. The objectives of the current study were to characterize cortisol reactivity to two dyadically based stress paradigms across the first year of life, to examine cortisol reactivity within Black and White infants, and to assess the impact of correlates of racial inequity including socioeconomic status, experiences of discrimination, and urban life stressors, as well as the buffering by racial socialization on cortisol patterns. Salivary cortisol reactivity was assessed at 4 months of age during the Still Face paradigm (N = 207) and at 12 months of age across the Strange Situation procedure (N = 129). Infants demonstrated the steepest recovery after the Still Face paradigm and steepest reactivity to the Strange Situation procedure. Race differences in cortisol were not present at 4 months but emerged at 12 months of age, with Black infants having higher cortisol. Experiences of discrimination contributed to cortisol differences within Black infants, suggesting that racial discrimination is already “under the skin” by 1 year of age. These findings suggest that race-related differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal reactivity are present in infancy, and that the first year of life is a crucial time period during which interventions and prevention efforts for maternal–infant dyads are most likely able to shape hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal reactivity thereby mitigating health disparities early across the life course.
High-quality p–n junctions with quaternary AlInGaN/InGaN quantum wells

We report on quaternary AlInGaN/InGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light emitting diode structures grown on sapphire substrates. The structures demonstrate high quality of the p–n junctions with quaternary MQW. At low forward bias (below 2 V), the temperature dependent of current–voltage characteristics are exponential with the ideality factor of 2.28, which is in a good agreement with the model of the injected carrier recombination in the space charge region. This ideality factor value is approximately three times lower than for conventional GaN/InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs). The obtained data indicate the recombination in p–n junction space charge region to be responsible for a current transport in LED structures with quaternary quantum wells. This is in contrast to InGaN based LEDs, where carrier tunneling dominates either because of high doping of the active layer or due to the high density of localized states.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Intra Row Spacing on Bulb Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at Shire, Northern Ethiopia

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates and intra row spacing on yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivar Bombay Red. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of four rates of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha) and four intra row spacing (4, 6, 8, and 10 cm) with inter row spacing of 20 cm. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed that the main effects of N and intra row spacing significantly affected average fresh bulb weight, bulb diameter, marketable yield, and total bulb yield. 100 kg N ha. -1 was found the best rate of N to get optimum marketable bulb yield (31.455 t ha-1), total bulb yield (32.84 t ha-1) and average bulb weight (86.50 g). The results also revealed that intra row spacing of 6 cm was optimum. Combined Spacing of 6 cm x 20 cm with 100 kg N ha-1 is most favourable for onion cultivar Bombay Red production at Shire, northern Ethiopia.
Association between three glycosidases activity [α-mannosidase (α-ΜΑΝ), β-Ν-acetyloglucosaminidase (NAGASE) and β-galactosidase (β-GAL)] and in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes collected from different-sized follicles

We studied the role of three glycosidases (α- mannosidase - α-ΜΑΝ, β-N-acetyloglucosaminidase - NAGASE and β-galactosidase - β-GAL) in follicular fluid (FF) and in fertilization medium (FM) of bovine oocytes. Oocytes were allocated into 3 groups according to the follicular size (controls - CF: 2-8 mm, small follicle group - SF: 2-5 mm, large follicle group - LF: >5-8 mm). Bovine embryos were produced in vitro either in groups (experiment 1, n = 2099 oocytes) or individually (experiment 2, n = 79 oocytes). In both experiments, the activity of all glycosidases in the FF of large follicles was significantly lower than in the FF of small follicles group. In the FM of LF-group oocytes, α- MAN and NAGASE were significantly higher compared to SF- and CF-group oocytes (experiment 1) and β-GAL was significantly higher in SF- compared to CF-group oocytes (experiment 2). Cleavage rate was similar among all groups in both experiments; however significantly higher blastocyst formation was noted in CF-group compared to LF- (days 7, 8, 9) and SF- (days 8, 9) groups (experiment 1). In follicular fluid of small follicle group, β-GAL was associated positively with degenerating oocytes’ number and negatively with blastocyst rate at days 7, 8 (P = 0.065) and 9 (experiment 1). In fertilization medium of control group, α-MAN related negatively to cleavage rate (P < 0.05) and β-GAL to blastocyst rate at day 8 (P = 0.089) or day 9 (P = 0.072) (experiment 1). During fertilization, in experiment 1 all oocytes consumed β-GAL and only control or small follicle oocytes consumed α-MAN; in experiment 1, only large follicle oocytes released NAGASE, whereas all oocytes released all three glycosidases in experiment 2. In conclusion, glycosidases affect the developmental competence of oocytes collected from different sized follicles during in vitro fertilization, performed either in groups or individually; their role in follicular fluid is different from that in fertilization medium.
Gender Differences in Chauffeuring Children among Dual-Earner Families

Abstract The chauffeuring of children to/from school and childcare providers has received limited attention in previous research, although it structures parents' everyday activities in important ways. Combining analytical and cultural perspectives on juggling employment and caregiving, I explore the impact of such factors as household structure, employment and commute characteristics, residential location, and culturally defined norms about parenthood on chauffeuring arrangements for dual-earner households in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Fathers conduct a considerable share of chauffeuring trips, but arrangements are often informed by traditional gender norms. The spatial variability in the gendering of chauffeuring is limited.
An indigenous strain of potassium‐solubilizing bacteria Bacillus pseudomycoides enhanced potassium uptake in tea plants by increasing potassium availability in the mica waste‐treated soil of North‐east India

Potassium (K) is one of the three major nutrients required of plant growth and muriate of potash (MoP) is the only recognized chemical fertilizer used in agriculture. In many countries, 100% of the applied MoP is imported costing huge revenue. Application of suitable potassium‐solubilizing bacteria (KSB) as biofertilizer could be an integral part of K management in arable soil. The object of this study was to evaluate K‐solubilizing ability of a ubiquitous micro‐organism as KSB to supplement K in soil.
Water isotopic ratios from a continuously melted ice core sample

A new technique for on-line high resolution isotopic analysis of liquid water, tailored for ice core studies is presented. We built an interface between a Wavelength Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer (WS-CRDS) purchased from Picarro Inc. and a Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) system. The system offers the possibility to perform simultaneous water isotopic analysis of $\delta^{18}$O and $\delta$D on a continuous stream of liquid water as generated from a continuously melted ice rod. Injection of sub ${\mu}$l amounts of liquid water is achieved by pumping sample through a fused silica capillary and instantaneously vaporizing it with 100% efficiency in a home made oven. A calibration procedure allows for proper reporting of the data on the VSMOW--SLAP scale. Application of spectral methods yields the combined uncertainty of the system at below 0.1 permil and 0.5 permil for $\delta^{18}$O and $\delta$D, respectively. This performance is comparable to that achieved with mass spectrometry. Dispersion of the sample in the transfer lines limits the temporal resolution of the technique. By using an optimal filtering method we show how the measured profiles can be corrected for the smoothing effects resulting from the sample dispersion. Considering the significant advantages the technique offers, i.e. simultaneous measurement of $\delta^{18}$O and $\delta$D, potentially in combination with chemical components that are traditionally measured on CFA systems, notable reduction on analysis time and power consumption, we consider it as an alternative to traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometry with the possibility to be deployed for field ice core studies. We present data acquired in the field during the 2010 season as part of the NEEM deep ice core drilling project in North Greenland.
THE CUPRITE-LIKE FRAMEWORK OF OCu4 TETRAHEDRA IN THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF SYNTHETIC MELANOTHALLITE, Cu2OCl2, AND ITS NEGATIVE THERMAL EXPANSION

Crystals of synthetic melanothallite, Cu2OCl2, have been prepared by chemical transport reactions. Its crystal structure (orthorhombic, Fddd, a 7.4691(15), b 9.5969(19), c 9.700(2) A, V 695.3(2) A 3 , Z = 8) has been refined to R1 = 0.028 (wR = 0.078; S = 1.180) on the basis of 346 unique observed reflections (|Fo| ≥ 4� F). There is one symmetrically independent Cu atom in the structure, coordinated by two O and four Cl atoms. The mixed-ligand CuO2Cl4 octahedron shows strong Jahn–Teller (4 + 2)distortion, with two O and two Cl atoms located in the equatorial plane and two Cl atoms in apical positions. The structure may be described as a three-dimensional framework formed by the cross-linking of chains of edge-sharing CuO2Cl2 squares. The chains are parallel to [110] and [¯and are linked to each other through the sharing of O atoms. The structure can also be described as an array of OCu4 oxocentered tetrahedra linked by the sharing of Cu corners into a cuprite-like three-dimensional framework, with cavities in the framework containing Cl anions. As established previously, melanothallite shows negative thermal expansion along the b axis of its unit cell (� b = –26.7 � 10 –6 °C –1 ), whereas thermal expansion along the a axis is positive and large (� a = 50.6 � 10 –6 + 25.2 � 10 –9 t °C –1 ). This thermal behavior is explained on the basis of a cross-linking of chains of edgesharing CuO2Cl2 squares. In the room-temperature structure, two chains are inclined to each other by ~76°. When the temperature increases, the angle tends toward 90°, and the change of the angle between the two chains is accompanied by an increase of the a unit-cell parameter and by a decrease in the b parameter. This hinge mechanism provides an explanation for the high anisotropy in the thermal behavior of melanothallite observed by X-ray powder-diffraction methods.
SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA PRODUCING ENZYMES AGAINST ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT CELL FREE SUPERNATANT OF LACTOCOCCUS WITH THE FOCUS ON ITS DETERMINING QUANTITATIVELY BY OD (ENZYME LINKED IMMUNE SORBENT ASSAY)

ABSTRACT Objective: The present work was conducted to explore the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that produce lipase and protease enzymes in 40 samples, as well as detection of quality and quantity production and determine its susceptibility to antimicrobial. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of Lactococcus cell free supernatant (CFS) on P. aeruginosa growth and quantity production of enzymes by two methods (special media and OD) were also studied. Results: A total of 8(20%) and 13(32%) isolates were found to be positive to P. aeruginosa producing lipase and protease, respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial activity results revealed that all isolates producing enzymes showed sensitive to CFS of Lactococcus, only one isolate exhibited low sensitivity to CFS 4 mm, however, these isolates varied in their sensitivity to CFS ranged 4-15 mm. Conclusion: Results of the quantity production of P. aeruginosa enzymes with CFS of Lactococcus showed and exerts growth inhibitory activity and reduce the production of enzymes. We could be concluded that CFS of Lactococcus has great potential antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa growth and its ability on enzymes production. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactococcus, Cell-free supernatant, Optical density, Lipase, Protease.
MAIZE RESPONSE TO L-TRYPTOPHAN BLENDED ORGANIC POTASSIUM FERTILIZER

A pot study was conducted to evaluate the growth and biomass production of maize at varying levels of LTRP under organic K nutrition. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three repeats and five treatments comprised of different doses of LTRP blended to organic potassium (K) fertilizer, developed from fruit and vegetable organic waste material. The LTRP treatments included 0 (control), 05, 10, 15 and 20 mg LTRP blended to each kg of organic K fertilizer. The crop received recommended doses of nitrogen (150 kg ha) and phosphorus (75 kg ha). Potassium was added to all the treatments @ 60 kg K ha by way of its enrichment with the organic K fertilizer. The organic K fertilizer was applied @ 300 kg ha. Pure seeds of maize variety Akbar were grown in plastic pots with a capacity of accommodating 07 kg properly processed soil. The plants were harvested after six weeks to record various growth and biomass parameters, coupled with plant K analysis. The soil was heavy in texture (40% clay), alkaline in nature , free from salinity hazards , poorly fertile, low in organic matter and deficient in K . The L-tryptophan blending of organic K fertilizer significantly improved growth, biomass production and K accumulation of maize. The L-tryptophan blending @ 10 mg to each kg of organic K fertilizer was significantly more superior to the treatments where it was not blended (control) or blended at comparatively lower (5 mg kg) or even higher (15 and 20 mg kg) rates. The L-tryptophan blending to organic K fertilizer enhanced various traits of maize, viz. shoot length (14 to 34%), shoot diameter (13 to 41%), shoot fresh biomass (6 to 29%), shoot dry biomass (14 to 24%), number of leaves plant (19 to 36%), leaf area (19 to 37%) and K concentration (3 to 11%). The study concluded that L-tryptophan blending @ 10 mg to each kg of organic K fertilizer developed from fruits and vegetables organic waste material; help improve the growth and biomass production of maize.
Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism

Autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) are a category of neurodevelopmental disorders with symptoms of communication and social impairment, and the exhibition of restrictive and repetitive behaviours. Their occurrence is greater in males than females and this sex difference has played an important part in hypothesizing their etiology. The Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory is a cognitive model proposed by Simon Baron-Cohen to explain the aforementioned sex differences and potential cause of ASCs. It is based upon his Empathizing Systemizing theory, which classifies individuals into one of five cognitive profiles (Type S, Type E, Type B, Extreme Type S and Extreme Type E). These cognitive profiles determine an individual’s ability to systemize and empathize. Systemizing is the ability to understand and derive the rules of a system, and requires deductive and analytical skills. Empathizing relates to understanding human emotion and behaviour, thus requires social and communication skills. Males tend to systemize better than empathize while females have an opposite profile. Based upon the EMB theory, autistic individuals would possess an Extreme Type S profile as their impairments in social communication can be explained by a deficit in empathizing, while their preoccupation with patterns and detail-oriented behaviour can be related to their high systemizing. Together, these cognitive models have resulted in the Foetal Testosterone (fT) Theory, which implicates high prenatal testosterone as a risk factor for the associated hypermasculinized cognitive profile of individuals with ASCs. This review paper assesses the validity of the EMB and fT theories by reviewing the literature relating fT with autistic traits in the general population. The seven studies confirmed a correlation between higher fT levels and an increase in autistic traits, but limitations need to be considered when generalizing this information to an ASC sample.
Chloroplast DNA diversity in Packera (asteraceae) : a phylogeographic study of Packera contermina and three related species from southwestern Alberta based on chloroplast DNA variation

Members of the genus Packera (Asteraceae) are widespread in North America, but most are found in western regions of the continent where extensive morphological intergradation is common. Previous molecular systematic studies found that tour species in southwestern Alberta, a region proposed to be at the interface of the Cordilleran and Laurentide ice sheets during the last advance of Pleistocene glaciation, showed unusually high levels of interand intrapopuiational chloroplast DNA variation. The present study analyzed chloroplast haplotype phylogeny, frequency variation, and geographic distribution patterns in Packera contermina and closely related species P. pseudaurea, P. cana, and P. cymbalarioides from southwestern Alberta, northern Montana, and northwestern Wyoming. Restriction site analyses of chloroplast DNA from 730 individuals across 34 populations of the four species revealed fifteen haplotypes, of which seven are commonly found in other North American Packera species. Three haplotypes were detected in P. cymbalarioides, seven in P. carta, eight in P. pseudaurea, and twelve in P. contermina. The level of haplotype frequency variation among populations was high in P. cymbalarioides (0=1) moderate to low in P. contermina (0=0.333) and P. cana (0= 0.261), and very low in P. pseudaurea (0= 0.085), possibly reflecting differences in the species' history. Phylogenetic analyses revealed 2 groups of haplotypes, one of which is found mainly in populations from the Great Basin of North America and the second in populations of more coastal and northern regions. The presence of haplotypes from both groups of Packera species suggests that the cpDNA diversity in southern Alberta has arisen through hybridization/introgression events that have involved a number of species from outside of the region.
From privatisation to re-nationalisation: What went wrong with privatisations in Argentina?

We analyse the privatisation process in Argentina. Beginning with a very ambitious program, a weak regulatory environment was created because of lack of experience and as a result of the lobbying power of the newly created enterprises. Numerous exclusive privileges were assigned to these sectors, making them the most profitable industries during the 1990s. As the economy crashed in 2001 and the local currency was devalued, a new government took office, which renegotiated all contracts. This resulted in re-privatisation and renationalisation of many services. We review the proand anti-privatisation arguments using empirical evidence from Argentina. We also provide an in-depth study of the three sectors where this negotiation was most intense: the railways, water and sewerage and postal services. 1 Email: Corresponding author. wbaer@uiuc.edu 218 David Kinley Hall, MC 706, 1206 S. Sixth Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States. Tel: 1-217-333-8388. 2 Email: rmontes@uiuc.edu. Research for this article was supported by the Tinker Foundation. We are in debt to Diego Petrecolla, Santiago Urbitzondo and Marcelo Ramal for helpful discussions in Argentina and to an anonymous referee for constructive comments and suggestions.
Mucin 21 is a novel, negative immunohistochemical marker for epithelioid mesothelioma for its differentiation from lung adenocarcinoma

The process of differential diagnosis between epithelioid mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma has been progressing; however, there are no absolute immunohistochemical markers with which to definitively diagnose epithelioid mesothelioma. The aim of this study was to search for a novel negative marker of epithelioid mesothelioma.
Influences of accent and ethnic background on perceptions of eyewitness testimony

Abstract The purpose of the present work was to investigate the effect two eyewitness factors, accent and ethnic background, have on the perceived favorability of eyewitness testimony and case disposition in criminal trials. Six variations of testimony were created and videotaped. The videotapes varied by accent and ethnic background of the eyewitness; the testimony text was identical. Four eyewitness favorability variables, (a) credibility, (b) judgment of accuracy, (c) deceptiveness, and (d) prestige, as well as their relationship to case disposition, were measured. One hundred and seventy-four undergraduate participants viewed one of the six videotapes. Results indicate that there was a significant main effect of accent for the four eyewitness favorability variables. Accent by ethnic background interactions also yielded significant findings for the four variables as well as for the defendant's degree of guilt. Results were interpreted using the Elaboration Likelihood Model. The potential importance of these results for judicial settings is discussed.
PUFFED CORN-FISH SNACK DEVELOPMENT BY EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGY

A thermoplastically extruded snack was produced from different blends of corn grits and silver carp minced meat. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of fish meat content and to optimize the feed composition. Fourteen treatments from central composite design considering minced fish content (0-3 kg) and corn (7-10 kg) were used as the independent variables. The expansion ratio, protein content, fish odour, and overall acceptability were the dependent variables. Fish odour, linear distance and protein content of puffed corn-fish snack increased significantly with fish content while the expansion ratio significantly decreased (p<0.05). The optimum formulation was obtained at 15% of minced fish.