Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Prostaglandin E1 on Vascular ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels

Background: Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been reported to activate ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, which induces vasorelaxation. However, direct evidence of PGE1 interactions with vascular KATP channels is limited. Methods: The present study investigated the effects and mechanisms of PGE1 on vascular KATP channels in both isometric tension and patch clamp experiments. Isometric tension experiments were performed in rat thoracic aortic rings without an endothelium. Electrophysiologic experiments were performed using patch-clamp techniques to monitor KATP channels in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Results: PGE1 significantly decreased the isometric tension in a concentration-dependent manner, which was partially inhibited by pretreating with a KATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide (1 μM), or an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), Rp-cAMPS (100 μM). Application of PGE1 to the bath solution during cell-attached recordings induced a significant increase in KATP channel activity, whereas PGE1 failed to activate KATP channels in the inside-out patches. The PGE1-induced KATP channel currents in cell-attached patches were abolished by pretreating with Rp-cAMPS (100 μM). Conclusions: The results indicate that the activation of vascular KATP channels played an important role in the PKA-dependent PGE1-induced vasorelaxation. Furthermore, an electrophysiological experiment demonstrated that PGE1 activated vascular KATP channels via PKA activation.
Prostate‐specific antigen velocity (PSAV): a practical role for PSA?

Background: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Australian men. Early detection and treatment are critical to patient outcome, but detection is often difficult because of the limited accuracy of available tests. This paper assesses whether the use of prostate specific antigen kinetics has a practical use in the contemporary urological setting.
An Innovative Navigation Algorithm Using a System of Fixed Pseudolites

An innovative navigation algorithm, which utilizes a system of fixed pseudolites is derived, analyzed, discussed, and simulated in this paper. Although this algorithm uses the same Doppler measurements as a conventional least square algorithm LSA (which produces user velocity and user clock drift) or Kalman based filter (which obtains user position/velocity etc.), in essence the Doppler measurements are applied differently and therefore this is the reason why this is an innovative algorithm. The solution accuracy obtained using this algorithm is compared with solution accuracy from the conventional pseudorange LSA. The result of this comparison is also presented in the paper. We will desire to present live test results if they are available at the time of presentation.
The Intermediate Band Solar Cell: Progress Toward the Realization of an Attractive Concept

The intermediate band (IB) solar cell has been proposed to increase the current of solar cells while at the same time preserving the output voltage in order to produce an efficiency that ideally is above the limit established by Shockley and Queisser in 1961. The concept is described and the present realizations and acquired understanding are explained. Quantum dots are used to make the cells but the efficiencies that have been achieved so far are not yet satisfactory. Possible ways to overcome the issues involved are depicted. Alternatively, and against early predictions, IB alloys have been prepared and cells that undoubtedly display the IB behavior have been fabricated, although their efficiency is still low. Full development of this concept is not trivial but it is expected that once the development of IB solar cells is fully mastered, IB solar cells should be able to operate in tandem in concentrators with very high efficiencies or as thin cells at low cost with efficiencies above the present ones.
Neuromuscular Effects of Enflurane, Alone and Combined with d‐Tubocurarine, Pancuronium, and Succinylcholine, in Man

The neuromuscular effects of d-tubocurarine (dTc), pancuronium, and succinylcholine (SCh) were studied in 37 unpremeditated adult surgical patients anesthetized with 1.25 MAC enflurane in oxygen. The relaxant doses that produced 50 per cent depression of twitch height (ED50) were 1.57, 0.29, and 4.9 mg/m2 for dTc, pancuronium, and SCh, respectively. These doses are approximately 3.1, 1.7, and 1.0 times less than the amounts of dTc, pancuronium, and SCh required to produce 50 per cent depression of twitch height during halothane anesthesia but are the same as ED50 values during isoflurane anesthesia. In eight additional unpremedicated patients anesthesia was maintained at 0.71 MAC enflurane in oxygen (five patients) or 1.67 MAC enflurane in oxygen (three patients). Twitch depression following dTc, 1.5 mg/m2, was related directly to alveolar enflurane concentration. Ability to sustain tetanus decreased progressively with increasing tetanic frequencies and decreased with increasing alveolar enflurane concentrations. The authors concluded that smaller doses of dTc and pancuronium are needed for adequate relaxation during enflurane anesthesia than during equi-MAC halothane anesthesia, and that higher alveolar enflurane concentrations reduce the dose of dTc necessary to produce a given amount of paralysis. Also, neuromuscular effects of enflurane in combination with dTc or pancuronium are not significantly different from those seen during equi-MAC isoflurane anesthesia.
A comparative study of DFT/LDA with higher levels of theory on π-π interactions: A typical case for the benzene dimer

The description of the interactions involving species that have π-π configuration presents a real challenge in utilizing theoretical calculations. The problem arises from the kind of theoretical approaches employed to describe the nature of these non-covalent interactions. Various workers have described the interactions purely as Van der Waals, whilst others consider it as a competition between many other
Hypersusceptibility to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-1.

1. French M. Immune restoration disease in HIV-infected patients on HAART. AIDS Reader 1999, 9:548–562. 2. John M, French MAH. Exacerbation of the inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis after antiretroviral therapy. Med J Aust 1998, 169:473–474. 3. Stone S, Price P, Brochier J, French M. Plasma bioavailable interleukin-6 is elevated in human immunodeficiency virusinfected patients who experience herpesvirus-associated immune restoration disease after start of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2001, 184:1073–1077. 4. Lawn S, Shattock R, Acheampong J, Lal R, Folks T, Griffin G, Butera S. Sustained plasma TNF-Æ and HIV-1 load despite resolution of other parameters of immune activation during treatment of tuberculosis in Africans. AIDS 1999, 13: 2231–2237.
Microorganisms in the Conversion of Agricultural Wastes to Compost

Microorganisms play an important role in the recycling of agricultural wastes. The compost generated by bioconversion ofagroresidues offers several benefits such as enhanced soil fertility and soil health which can lead to increased agriculturalproductivity, improved soil biodiversity, reduced ecological risks and a healthier environment. These virtues makecomposting an ideal option for processing of the enormous quantities of agrowastes that are generated in the world.Recent reports also indicate multifarious uses of bioaugmented compost as carrier for bioinoculants, biocontrol agents fordiseases suppressivness and bioremediation. There is definite need to intensify research on novel effective microorganismsto prepare high quality compost in a relatively shorter duration and new technologies for large-scale production.Key Words: Compost; Agroresidues; Effective Microorganisms; Soil Health*Author for Correspondence: E-mails: latarajat@yahoo.co.in
Minimizing effective energy consumption in multi-cluster sensor networks for source extraction

This paper studies a multi-cluster sensor network which is applied for source extraction in a sensing field. Both the performance of source extraction and the total energy consumption in the sensor network are functions of the number of clusters. In this paper, we aim at finding the optimal number of clusters by minimizing the effective energy consumption which is defined as the ratio of the performance of source extraction to the total energy consumption in the sensor network. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to form the clusters which enables every cluster to perform source extraction. The existence and the uniqueness of the optimum number of clusters is proven theoretically and shown by numerical simulations. The relationship between the optimum number of clusters and the various system parameters are investigated. A tradeoff between the performance and the total energy consumption is illustrated. The results show that the performance is greatly improved by adopting the multi-cluster structure of the sensor network.
STUDIES ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

After a century of investigative effort the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown and no specific therapy is available. Variability in course as well as possible multiplicity of cause suggest the need for more careful studies of natural history. Epidemiologic studies of the disease have produced evidence that incidence depends on geographic and climatic factors, but these relationships have not been specific enough to stimulate investigation on more fundamental levels. Such studies have been hampered by difficulties in acquiring series of adequate size and representativeness and in making parallel, concurrent observations on suitable controls. The U S . veteran population is an exceptional resource ( 3 ) for epidemiologic investigations, since it comprises an enumerable population, well-indexed at many points of medical interest. Its potential for longterm follow-up is better than that of any comparably large segment of the U.S. population. For investigations of multiple sclerosis there are other advantages as well. Since men with known multiple sclerosis were ineligible for military service in World War I1 ( 1 2 ) , those so diagnosed during service provide a sample of the disease in its earlier phases. Such a sample cannot be reliably constructed outside a complete medical care program such as the armed services provided. A t entry into service, before multiple sclerosis was diagnosed, extensive
Efficacy of prophylactic intravenous ondansetron on the prevention of hypotension during cesarean delivery: a dose-dependent study.

OBJECTIVE This study was to determine the optimal dosage of ondansetron for preventing maternal hypotension during cesarean delivery. METHODS One hundred and fifty parturient women scheduled for elective cesarean section were randomly assigned to five groups (n=30). Five minutes prior to spinal anesthesia, women were injected with 5 ml of physiological saline (S), 2 mg (O2), 4 mg (O4), 6 mg (O6), or 8 mg (O8) of ondansetron in saline, respectively. Maternal blood pressure and heart rate were measured at 2-min intervals for 30 min. The serum parameters in umbilical cord blood were analyzed after delivery. RESULTS Compared with group S, the incidence of maternal hypotension was significantly lower in groups O4 and O6 (P < 0.05). The umbilical venous pH was significantly higher in group O4 (P < 0.05); while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2) was significantly lower in groups O4, O6, and O8 (P < 0.05); and the bicarbonate (Hco3 (-)) and base excess in extracellular fluid (BEecf) were significantly lower in groups O6 and O8 (P < 0.05). Moreover, minimal changes of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure were observed in group O4 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The optimal dose of ondansetron preloading was 4 mg during cesarean delivery.
MCP‐1 and CCR2 gene polymorphisms in Czech patients with allergic disorders

Several lines of evidence suggest that chemokines play an important role in asthma and allergy. We analysed polymorphisms at –2518A/G and –2076A/T of MCP‐1 and V64I of CCR2 gene in healthy subjects (n = 306) and allergic patients (n = 332). Allele and genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between groups. Nevertheless, MCP‐1 variants were associated with allergen sensitization. The results suggest that MCP‐1, but not CCR2 gene variants, may participate in the pathogenesis of allergic phenotypes at least in the Caucasian population.
Appropriate role for sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer.

Few areas of modern medicine have captured the imagination more than the rapid and groundbreaking progress that has been observed in the treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer (ESBC). It is perhaps because of such dramatic advances that some investigators, not unlike those who take pride in the progress against childhoodleukemia,havebeenaskingwhetherthesameorevenbetter resultscouldbeobtainedwithlessinvasiveapproaches. 1 Inadditionto breast-conserving surgery and the increasing role of more targeted and less toxic treatments, we now have less invasive surgical procedures for both achieving adequate margins and for the assessment of the axillary lymph node status. 2,3
Prelamin A Farnesylation and Progeroid Syndromes*

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is caused by a LMNA mutation that leads to the synthesis of a mutant prelamin A that is farnesylated but cannot be further processed to mature lamin A. A more severe progeroid disorder, restrictive dermopathy (RD), is caused by the loss of the prelamin A-processing enzyme, ZMPSTE24. The absence of ZMPSTE24 prevents the endoproteolytic processing of farnesyl-prelamin A to mature lamin A and leads to the accumulation of farnesyl-prelamin A. In both HGPS and RD, the farnesyl-prelamin A is targeted to the nuclear envelope, where it interferes with the integrity of the nuclear envelope and causes misshapen cell nuclei. Recent studies have shown that the frequency of misshapen nuclei can be reduced by treating cells with a farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI). Also, administering an FTI to mouse models of HGPS and RD ameliorates the phenotypes of progeria. These studies have prompted interest in testing the efficacy of FTIs in children with HGPS.
Psychosocial stress and breast cancer: the inter-relationship between stress events, coping strategies and personality

Synopsis This quasi-prospective study of 2163 women attending a breast-screening clinic for a routine medical check-up indicates that certain types of coping strategies and personality dispositions predispose some women to an increased risk of developing breast cancer following the occurrence of a major life-event such as bereavement or other loss-related event. Regular exposure to stress situations appears to reduce the risk of a malignancy; experiencing a single, major life event was found to be potentially much more damaging, particularly if the individual was unable to externalize her emotions and obtain appropriate help and counselling.
Artificial reality II

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Allelopathy of Brassica . A review

1. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan 2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan 3. Institute of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan 4. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan Corresponding author email:mhussainuaf@gmail.com
Phase III trial of nonpegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with trastuzumab and paclitaxel in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Nonpegylated liposomal doxorubicin liposomal doxorubicin, (Myocet™; Sopherion Therapeutics, Inc Canada, and Cephalon, Europe) (NPLD; Myocet(®)) in combination with trastuzumabHerceptin(®) (Hoffmann-La Roche) has shown promising activity and cardiac safety. We conducted a randomized phase III trial of first-line NPLD plus trastuzumab and paclitaxel (Pharmachemie B.V.) (MTP) versus trastuzumab plus paclitaxel (TP) in patients with human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to NPLD (M, 50 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for six cycles), trastuzumab (T, 4 mg/kg loading dose followed by 2 mg/kg weekly), and paclitaxel (P, 80 mg/m(2) weekly) or T + P at the same doses until progression or toxicity. The primary efficacy outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS One hundred and eighty-one patients were allocated to receive MTP, and 183 to TP. Median PFS was 16.1 and 14.5 months with MTP and TP, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 0.84; two-sided P = 0.174]. In patients with estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative tumors, PFS was 20.7 and 14.0 months, respectively [HR 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.99]. Median overall survival (OS) was 33.6 and 28.9 months with MTP and TP, respectively (HR 0.79; two-sided P = 0.083). In ER- and PR-negative tumors, OS was 38.2 and 27.9 months, respectively (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.42-0.93). The frequency of adverse events was higher with MTP, but there was no significant difference in cardiac toxicity between treatment arms. CONCLUSION(S) The trial failed to demonstrate a significant clinical improvement with the addition of M to TP regimen. The clinical benefit observed in an exploratory analysis in the ER- and PR-negative population deserves consideration for further clinical trials. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT00294996.
Effects of developmental age, brain region, and time in culture on long‐term proliferation and multipotency of neural stem cell populations

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the murine subventricular zone (SVZ) niche allow life‐long neurogenesis. During the first postnatal month and throughout aging, the decrease of neuroblasts and the rise of astrocytes results in diminished neurogenesis and increased astrocyte:neuron ratio. Also, a different neurogenic activity characterizes the SVZ periventricular region (LV, lateral ventricle) as compared to its rostral extension (RE). In order to investigate whether and to what extent these physiological modifications may be ascribed to intrinsic changes of the endogenous NSC/progenitor features, we performed a functional analysis on NSCs isolated and cultured from LV and RE tissues at distinct postnatal stages that are marked by striking modifications to the SVZ niche in vivo. We evaluated the effect of age and brain region on long‐term proliferation and multipotency, and characterized the cell type composition of NSC‐derived progeny, comparing this make‐up to that of region‐ and age‐matched primary neural cultures. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of prolonged in vitro expansion on NSC functional properties. We documented age‐ and region‐dependent differences on the clonogenic efficiency and on the long‐term proliferative capacity of NSCs. Also, we found age‐ and region‐dependent quantitative changes in the cell composition of NSC progeny (decreased quantity of neurons and oligodendrocytes; increased amount of astroglial cells) and these differences were maintained in long‐term cultured NSC populations. Overall, these data strengthen the hypothesis that age‐ and region‐dependent differences in neurogenesis (observed in vivo) may be ascribed to the changes in the intrinsic developmental program of the NSC populations. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:333–349, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single oral administration in medicated feed.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) in the plasma and its distribution in the muscle tissue of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight via medicated feed. The fish were kept at a temperature between 28 and 30 °C. The collection period was between 30 min and 120 h after administration of the drug. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The ENR was slowly absorbed and eliminated from the plasma (Cmax = 1.24 ± 0.37 μg/mL; Tmax = 8 h; T1/2Ke = 19.36 h). ENR was efficiently distributed in the muscle tissue and reached maximum values (2.17 ± 0.74 μg/g) after 8 h. Its metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP), was detected and quantified in the plasma (0.004 ± 0.005 μg/mL) and muscle (0.01 ± 0.011 μg/g) for up to 48 h. After oral administration, the mean concentration of ENR in the plasma was well above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50 ) for most bacteria already isolated from fish except for Streptococcus spp. This way the dose used in this study allowed for concentrations in the blood to treat the diseases of tilapia.
Shepherding AKT and androgen receptor by Ack1 tyrosine kinase

Ack1 (also known as ACK, TNK2, or activated Cdc42 kinase) is a structurally unique non‐receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed in diverse cell types. It integrates signals from plethora of ligand‐activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), for example, MERTK, EGFR, HER2, PDGFR and insulin receptor to initiate intracellular signaling cascades. Ack1 transduces extracellular signals to cytosolic and nuclear effectors such as the protein kinase AKT/PKB and androgen receptor (AR), to promote cell survival and growth. While tyrosine phosphorylation of AR at Tyr267 regulates androgen‐independent recruitment of AR to the androgen‐responsive enhancers and transcription of AR target genes to drive prostate cancer progression, phosphorylation of an evolutionarily conserved Tyrosine 176 in the kinase domain of AKT is essential for mitotic progression and positively correlates with breast cancer progression. In contrast to AR and AKT, Ack1‐mediated phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor Wwox at Tyr287 lead to rapid Wwox polyubiquitination followed by degradation. Thus, by its ability to promote tumor growth by negatively regulating tumor suppressor such as Wwox and positively regulating pro‐survival factors such as AKT and AR, Ack1 is emerging as a critical player in cancer biology. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the physiological functions of Ack1 signaling in normal cells and the consequences of its hyperactivation in various cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 327–333, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.