Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cattle production supplemented on signal grass pastures during the rainy season

The effects of four supplement doses (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg animal -1 day -1 ) on pasture characteristics and on cattle production on Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk pastures in continuous stocking with variable stocking rate were assessed. Experimental design comprised completely randomized blocks with two replications. Concentrate supplementation did not influence mass (4141 kg ha -1 of DM) and production rate of forage (97.6 kg ha -1 day -1 of DM), morphological components and nutrition value in hand-plucked forage. Similarly, the number of live (1.607 tillers m - ²) and dead (636 tillers m - ²) tillers was not affected by concentrate supplementation. There were linear increases in animal performance (from 0.70 to 1.13 kg animal -1 day -1 ), stocking rate (1.9 to 3.8 animal unit ha -1 ) and animal production per area (1.8 to 6.2 kg ha -1 body weight) with supplementation doses. Concentrate supplementation does not change the structural characteristics of signal grass pastures managed in continuous stocking at 20 cm high, but increases animal production.
Depositional evolution of the Upper Carboniferous – Lower Permian Wordiekammen carbonate platform, Nordfjorden High, central Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway

This paper presents the first comprehensive study of the Wordiekammen carbonate platform on the Nordfjorden High, Central Spitsbergen. The Wor- diekammen succession is divided into four depositional sequences bounded by subaerial exposure surfaces and consists of 12–84 m-thick wedge-shaped sequences being thickest in the distal area and thinner on the crest of the High. The uppermost Finlayfjellet Beds (Tyrrellfjellet sequence 2) represents in contrast a uniform sequence. The Wordiekammen Formation is composed of 11 depositional carbonate facies and three overprint facies which are grouped into 10 facies associations. Each association represents a predictable pattern of facies, 0.5–22 m thick, which is repeated many times producing a distinct cyclicity in the succession. The Wordiekammen Formation is composed of 50 depositional cycles, 21 cycles in the Kapitol Member and 29 cycles in the Tyrrellfjellet Member. Analysis of the well-dated Tyrrellfjellet Member indicates that the succession was controlled by mixed 100 kyr and 400 kyr cyclicity signals which are believed to be a reflection of eustatic sea-level fluctuation and tectonic instability. Allocyclic control on the deposition dominated the majority of the Wordiekammen succession, and an abrupt change in depositional style in the uppermost Finlayfjellet Beds is believed to reflect the break-down of the Gondwanaland ice sheets and the end of glacio-eustaic control. Four key lithological intervals and unconformities have been correlated across the Billefjorden Fault Zone to the time-equivalent succession in Bünsow Land. Based on the correlation, it is considered that the distal part of the Nordfjorden High towards the west and the carbonate platform on Bünsow Land reflected a similar geological setting while the up-dip and crestal part of the Nordfjorden High was a positive feature that divided the two carbonate platforms during sea-level lows. Finally, it is believed that the Nordfjorden High remained a homoclinal carbonate ramp up to at least Late Asselian times.
Productivity Growth in Backward Economies and the Role of Barriers to Technology Adoption

We offer a barrier model of growth with a broader understanding of the sources of productivity growth. Organizational change is suggested as an alternative to innovation and technology adoption. Domestic and international barriers (related to the level of human capital and the trade share) determine the timing and pace of technological catch-up, and as opposed to the catchingup hypothesis backward economies may get stuck in a poverty trap. Growth in lagging economies is not driven by adoption of foreign technology due to inappropriateness. The large technological distance forces the economy to rely more on own productivity improvements through organizational change. Trade liberalization in backward economies does not give the expected boost to productivity growth, because of low capability to take advantage of the frontier technology. Economies can escape the poverty trap by reducing trade barriers, but the benefits from an open economy is highest in middle-income economies, which have both the potential and capability to adopt foreign technology.
The relation of cash transfer programs and food insecurity among families with preschool children living in semiarid climates in Brazil

Introducao A inseguranca alimentar tem efeitos importantes na saude humana, em particular na das criancas. Continua aumentando, com uma prevalencia estimada de 14,9% nos EUA e de 35% no Brasil. Existem poucos estudos sobre o efeito de programas de transferencia de renda (PTR) sobre a prevalencia de seguranca alimentar no Brasil. Objetivo Avaliar a associacao de programas de transferencia de renda e da reducao da inequidade com a inseguranca alimentar. Metodo Estudo transversal de base populacional no Estado do Ceara, no Nordeste do Brasil, em uma amostra de 8 mil domicilios. O Ceara e um dos estados mais pobres do pais. A populacao estadual e de 8,5 milhoes de habitantes e os beneficios da seguranca social e subsidios governamentais, como o Bolsa Familia, tornaram-se a fonte de renda mais estavel. As principais variaveis foram inseguranca alimentar e a participacao em PTR. Foram construidos modelos logisticos multivariados para avaliar a associacao entre participacao em PTR e seguranca alimentar. Resultados A participacao em PTR foi relacionada de forma independente com a prevalencia de seguranca alimentar (APR 2,29 IC 95% 1,57-3,33), assim como nivel educacional, ambiente residencial e estado nutricional das criancas. Conclusoes PTR e investimentos em educacao sao iniciativas que podem ser utilizadas para reduzir a inseguranca alimentar.
Measuring Reservoir Compaction Using Time-lapse Timeshifts

Time-lapse timeshifts refer to the differences in two-way seismic travel times that are frequently observed in the analysis of time-lapse seismic surveys. One source of timeshifts originates inside the reservoir interval as a result of changes in the pore-fluid properties that alter the seismic velocity. Another is from changes in seismic velocity and layer thickness that occur both inside and outside of the reservoir as a result of reservoir compaction and stress and strain redistribution in the surrounding formations. Timeshifts induced by changes in fluid properties are always zero above the top reservoir reflection event and constant below the base of the reservoir. These fluidinduced timeshifts can be significant (for example, when gas is released as an oil passes through bubble point) and are routinely calculated using Gassmann or similar theories and are not the focus of this paper. The compaction-induced timeshifts have opposite gradients on the inside and outside of the reservoir. Within the reservoir, the reduction in layer thickness and the expected increase in seismic velocity will reduce the seismic travel time across these layers. Outside the reservoir, the decrease in reservoir thickness is exactly balanced by surface subsidence and rock expansion. The expanding overburden produces increased layer thickness and slower seismic velocities that increase the seismic travel times. Observations on real time-lapse seismic data over compacting reservoirs show that the positive timeshifts that accrue in the overburden are larger than the negative timeshifts that accrue inside the reservoir (the sign convention chosen is that positive timeshifts result when the seismic travel time increases). The amount of overburden elongation cannot exceed the amount of reservoir compaction. So if the change in velocity were simply proportional to the change in vertical strain, the reduction in travel time through the reservoir would exceed the increase in travel time though the overburden. The net effect would be a negative timeshift below the reservoir. Instead positive timeshifts are observed below compacting reservoir indicting velocity reduction per unit elongation strain significantly exceeds the velocity increase per unit contraction strain. Using simple models of the velocity-strain response it is shown that time-lapse timeshifts are proportional to the stretching of the overburden layers and that this is highly correlated with the reservoir compaction. The net result is that time-lapse timeshifts are a good measurement of the reservoir compaction.
Startups, Credit, and the Jobless Recovery

Abstract Job creation depends on a firm's age. Startups (firms of age zero) and young firms play a crucial role for job creation: they grow faster and create more net jobs than older incumbent firms. During the 2008-2009 recession the jobs created by those firms declined considerably, aversely affecting aggregate employment figures. While net job creation by existing firms is beginnig to recover, job creation by startups in 2010 was at its lowest point since 1983 and continues to be at historically low levels. This paper argues that the conditions on the credit market are linked to the 'jobless recovery' phenomenon. Especially young and small firms are still finding it difficult to obtain credit, limiting their growth prospects and job creation. The paper links regional conditions in the US housing market to state-level data on job creation by startups. I then estimate a search model augmented with heterogeneous firms, entry and exit, and financial frictions. This model is able to match key moments of the firm distribution and employment at the micro- and macrolevel. In the context of this model I analyze the effects of a 'credit crunch' and consider possible policies to boost job creation by startups.
Pumping in vertical and horizontal target configurations on JET in L-mode; an interpretive study using EDGE2D-EIRENE

an interpretive study using EDGE2D-EIRENE D. Moulton1,2, M. Groth2, D. Harting1, S. Wiesen3, S. Varoutis4, C. Gleason-González4 and JET Contributors∗ EUROfusion Consortium, JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK; 1CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK; 2Aalto University, Association EURATOM-Tekes, Espoo, Finland; 3Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energieund Klimaforschung Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany; 4Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Technical Physics, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; ∗See the Appendix of F. Romanelli et al., Proceedings of the 25th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference 2014, Saint Petersburg, Russia
The Impacts of Leadership Styles and Organisational Cultures on Public Innovations in the Emirates

The role of national and organisational culture in innovation and the implications for strategy remains a source of professional and academic interest. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how national culture and organisational culture influence the relationship between leadership style and innovation strategy. A quantitative approach is adopted for the research methodology utilising structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the hypotheses and explore the relationships between the observed variables. The findings reveal that leadership styles have distinct relationships with innovation strategies and point to a duality in terms of transformational and transactional leadership and innovation. The relationship between national culture dimensions provides support for the notion of a balanced approach to innovation management. National culture does not appear to be an entirely restraining factor in innovation. The findings indicate that cultural dimensions at national and organisational level overall exert a small moderating effect suggesting that the relationship between leadership style and innovation strategies is not wholly bound by national and organisational culture.
MONITORING CHRONIC RESPIRATORY PATIENTS BY CONTROL CHARTS WITH VARIABLE LIMITS

Respiratory diseases constitute a serious public health problem due to their social and professional impacts, which result in a diminished working capacity and the corresponding treatment costs. Given the importance of this problem, we have applied Statistical Process Control techniques to a group of patients from an Hospital in Northwest Portugal. Aiming at an individualized follow-up of the patients, control charts were built for the variables oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2).
Effect of electrical bias on spin transport across a magnetic domain wall

We present a theory of the current-voltage characteristics of a magnetic domain wall between two highly spin-polarized materials, which takes into account the effect of the electrical bias on the spin-flip probability of an electron crossing the wall. We show that increasing the voltage reduces the spin-flip rate, and is therefore equivalent to reducing the width of the domain wall. As an application, we show that this effect widens the temperature window in which the operation of a unipolar spin diode is nearly ideal.
Unveiling Sovereign Effects in European Banks CDS Spreads Variations

Starting from the structural model developed by Merton (1974) and the derived notion of distance-to-default, we study the determinants of credit default swap (CDS) spreads for a sample of European banks over a period from January 2006 to December 2011. In particular, we test variables that are specific to the banking industry and look at the possible interaction with CDS spreads for the related sovereigns. We confirm findings from the literature review regarding the low significance of the structural model and its breakdown in times of stress. We confirm the importance of macro-economic components such as the general level of interest rates and the general state of the economy, particularly in times of stress. We find that before the crisis period the micro- and macro-components are generally predominant in the determination of CDS spread variations while the influence of sovereigns’ CDS become more important when entering further into the crisis period. Interestingly, southern European countries are the first to become significant at the start of the crisis. Progressively, all CDS countries become increasingly significant, overweigh all other explanatory variables and remain so even after the crisis period, thereby suggesting the focused attention of market participants for the sovereign dimension.
Exploring Levels of Job Satisfaction among Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Tanzania.

A case study on the role of extrinsic factors (hygiene factors) and socio-demographic factors in determining job satisfaction among teachers in public secondary schools in Tanzania was undertaken. Biographical variables pertaining to teachers’ age, sex, marital status and work experience were investigated to determine whether they had any significant contribution on the level of job satisfaction experienced. The study employed mixed methods of data collection including the use of instruments such as an interview guide, questionnaires and documentary review checklist. The study found that job satisfaction among teachers in public secondary schools was not homogeneous; socio-economic and demographic factors had a great contribution on varying job satisfaction levels. For example, female teachers’ job satisfaction was statistically significant (t(84) =2.62, p = 0.04), so was the job satisfaction of young teachers (bellow 40 years) (t(84) = -2.22, p = 0.01). However, age and working experience had a great contribution towards teachers’ job satisfaction and dissatisfaction . The study concludes that the socio-economic and demographic factors have potential strength in designing job satisfaction model which accounts for job satisfaction challenges among teachers in public secondary schools in Tanzania. Key words: Job satisfaction, motivation, teachers’ retention, quality education service, Tanzania.
Properties of the Intracluster Medium Assuming an Einasto Dark Matter Profile

I investigate an analytical model of galaxy clusters based on the assumptions that the intracluster medium plasma is polytropic and is in hydrostatic equilibrium. The Einasto profile is adopted as a model for the spatial-density distribution of dark matter halos. This model has sufficient degrees of freedom to simultaneously fit X-ray surface brightness and temperature profiles, with five parameters to describe the global cluster properties and three additional parameters to describe the cluster’s cool-core feature. The model is tested with Chandra X-ray data for seven galaxy clusters, including three polytropic clusters and four cool-core clusters. It is found that the model accurately reproduces the X-ray data over most of the radial range. For all galaxy clusters, the data allows one to show that the model is essentially as good as that of Vikhlinin et al. and Bulbul et al., as inferred by the reduced χ 2.
Individualistic Vikings: Culture, Economics and Iceland

Icelandic culture has generally been considered to share many similarities to the Nordic cultures. However, the financial crisis in 2008 painted a completely different picture, with the Nordic nations faring much less worse than Iceland, which saw its banking system becoming almost entirely worthless. Looking at traditional cultural yardsticks in the vein of the most commonly used research in the field of business and organizational management, generally linked to Hofstede´s dimensional studies, one would at first glance conclude that Icelanders would have behaved in a similar manner as people in the Nordic nations. By focusing on savings ratio, it is shown that Icelanders were much more risk-seeking during the prelude of the crisis. Many nations badly hit during the 2008 financial crisis have a high level of individualism inherent in their culture. Iceland fits this scenario. Thus while general cultural characteristics may lack explanatory power regarding economic behavior of people between cultures, the individual/collective cultural dimension may provide clues of what dangers (and possible strengths) lurk within societies from a financial point of view. Such developments may affect the financial stability of nations, especially those with a high level of individualism where financial liberalization with possible abuses is occurring.
Weed Control with and Strawberry Tolerance to Herbicides Applied through Drip Irrigation

Broadleaves, grasses, and nutsedge species are persistent problems with limited management options for strawberry growers in Florida. Field experiments were conducted in 2015-2016 (year 1) and 2016-2017 (year 2) at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Balm, FL, to evaluate weed control and strawberry tolerance to herbicides applied through the drip irrigation. 2940 g ai ha-1 EPTC, 105 g ai ha-1 flumioxazin, 570 g ai ha-1 fomesafen, 52 g ai ha-1 halosulfuron, 3585 g ai ha-1 napropamide, oxyfluorfen 560 g ai ha-1, and 1070 g ai ha-1 S-metolachlor were applied through a single drip tape at 7 or 14 d prior to transplanting. Halosulfuron was the most injurious herbicide, causing 18 and 46% injury at 35 d after transplanting (DATP) in year 1 when the herbicide was applied 7 and 14 d prior to transplanting, respectively. However, strawberry plants recovered from the initial injury and there was no reduction in total berry yield. None of the other herbicides evaluated elicited significant crop injury nor reduced berry yield. Averaged over application timings, EPTC, fomesafen, and napropamide suppressed yellow nutsedge emergence to 49, 64, and 41% of the nontreated control, respectively. Flumioxazin, fomesafen, and halosulfuron suppressed black medic emergence to 55, 52, and 55% of the nontreated control, respectively. None of the herbicides evaluated adequately suppressed Carolina geranium. Overall, results suggest that the evaluated herbicides with the exception of halosulfuron are safe for use on strawberry and would give growers an alternative management option. Drip-applied herbicides permit application closer to the transplant date and would be helpful as part of a weed control program for weed suppression. Nomenclature: EPTC; flumioxazin; fomesafen; halosulfuron; napropamide; oxyfluorfen; S-metolachlor; Carolina geranium, Geranium carolinianum L. ; purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. ; strawberry, Fragaria × ananessa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier.
Assessment of soil property spatial variation based on the geostatistical simulation

The main objective in the present study was to assess the spatial variation of chemical and physical soil properties and then use this information to select an appropriate area to install a pasture rehabilitation experiment in the Zereshkin region, Iran. A regular 250 m grid was used for collecting a total of 150 soil samples (from 985 georeferenced soil pits) at 0 to 30, and 30 to 60 cm layers. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, EC, N, K, P, Na, Ca, Mg and SAR. Conventional statistical methods and geostatistics were performed in order to analyze soil properties spatial dependence. Mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis for all measured variables were evaluated. All variograms generally were well structured with a relatively large nugget effect. Soil properties such as pH, P semivariograms were best fitted by spherical models, while SAR, Na were best fitted by spherical models. In the beginning kriging were performed in order to analyze spatial variation of chemical and physical soil properties, then for enhancing estimation accuracy and comparing results we used cokriging technique. Comparison of the results using statistical techniques showed that kriging technique has acceptable accuracy in characterizing the spatial variability. Also results showed that although kriging technique has acceptable accuracy in characterizing the spatial variability of soil properties but if higher accuracy is needed, cokriging is preferred to kriging particularly when the extra variable has been used.
Procyclical Stocks Earn Higher Returns

We find that procyclical stocks, whose returns comove with business cycles, earn higher average returns than countercyclical stocks. We use a half century of real GDP growth expectations from economists' surveys to determine forecasted economic states. This approach largely avoids the confounding effects of econometric forecasting model error. The loading on the expected real GDP growth rate is a priced risk measure. A fully tradable, ex-ante portfolio formed on this loading generates a procyclicality premium that is statistically significant, economically large, long-lasting over a few years, and independent of the size, book-to-market, and momentum effects.