Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grab a healthy bite: Nutritional evaluation of barley based cookies

Healthy snacking improves overall health, curbs cravings, fights weight gain, and boosts brain power to give you the energy you need to keep going all day. Keeping this in mind, the present study was carried out to nutritionally evaluate the barley supplemented cookies, subjected to processing namely soaking, popping and malting incorporating barley genotype namely BH-942. Cookies were developed from barley flour subjected to three types of processing viz., soaking, popping and malting. Their physical and sensory characteristics were also recorded in the present investigation. Overall, the highest mean score of overall acceptability was recorded from Control followed by malted flour cookies. It was also observed that malted flour cookies were found to have highest contents of crude protein, crude fiber, dietary fiber and soluble fiber. The investigation thus suggests that replacement of traditional food ingredients like wheat with barley can be nutritious and beneficial.
Guns, germs and steel : how the inequalities of wealth and power among modern peoples were moulded by prehistory

The broadest pattern of human history consists of the differences that emerged prehistorically in rates of human development on different continents, and that led to today's inequalities. This book abandons the conventional distinctions between history and science. By focusing on what ancient peoples were endowed with in the way of land, animals and plants, and on the confrontations between less and more advanced peoples, Diamond sheds genuinely new light on the world's most explosive divisions.
Implicit measures of attitudes toward gambling: An exploratory study

Gambling researchers have used self-report measures in order to assess gamblers' attitudes toward gambling. Despite their efficiency, self-report measures of attitudes often suffer self-presentation and social desirability bias when they are used to assess socially sensitive or stigmatized issues. This concern has led to the recent development of indirect, non-reactive measures of attitudes in psychology. These implicit measures of attitudes tend to reveal automatic, impulsive mental processes, whereas the self-report measures tap conscious, reflective processes (F. Strack & R. Deutsch, 2004). In this paper, we demonstrate how response latency-based measures can be used to investigate attitudes toward gambling. We report findings of our empirical study, in which evaluative priming (Fazio et al., 1995) and the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 1996) were used to assess implicit attitudes toward gambling, and the Single Target IAT was adapted to assess implicit arousal-sedation associations of gambling. With a sample of 102 undergraduate students, we found that latency-based measures of attitudes toward gambling were not significantly correlated with self-report measures. Moderate-to-high-risk gamblers held more positive attitudes toward gambling in the SC-IAT and exhibited more positive and more negative attitudes toward gambling in the evaluative priming task than did low-risk gamblers.
Children with Steroid-resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: a Single-Center Study

Background Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) accounts for 10%-20% of all cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. These patients are at risk of developing end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic characteristics, renal biopsy findings, response to immunosuppressive treatment, and prognosis in pediatric patients with SRNS. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 31 patients diagnosed as primary SRNS. Age at first episode, gender, parental consanguinity, and familial history of nephrotic syndrome were recorded. Demographic characteristics, renal biopsy findings, response to immunosuppressive treatment and prognosis were analyzed, as were the number of and treatment of relapses, extra-renal manifestations and complications of disease and treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 Results Mean age at first episode of nephrotic syndrome was 4.1±2.9 years. At the end of the first immunosuppressive treatment cycle, 14 (51.8%) patients achieved complete remission, 4 (14.8%) patients achieved partial remission and 9 patients (33.3%) did not achieve remission. Analysis of the final status of the patients showed that 16 patients (51.6%) developed remission, 5 patients (16%) continued to have nephrotic range proteinuria and 10 patients (32%) developed chronic renal failure (CRF). Conclusion The treatment of SRNS remains controversial. Early genetic testing can help the inevitable immunosuppressive treatments which may not be effective and have several side effects. Calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolate mofetil are known to be effective immunosuppressive drugs for treating steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome.
Study of synchronization for a rotor-pendulum system with Poincare method

A simplified model of the system of unbalanced rotors coupled with pendulum rod is examined. The model consists of two counter-rotating rotors, a rigid pendulum rod and a rigid vibrating body, which is horizontally connected to a fixed support by means of springs. The synchronous state of the system, i.e. synphase and antiphase synchronization of the rotors, is studied by means of the Poincare method. Moreover, the assessment of the synchronous state is converted to find a solution that should satisfy a balanced function and a stability function of the system. However, frequency ratios and installation angular are included in the two functions. It is demonstrated that the spring stiffness and the installation angular have a large influence on the existence and stability of the synchronization state in the coupling system. Finally, computer simulations are preformed to verify the theoretical computations.
Clay mineralogy of red clay deposits from the central Carpathian Basin (Hungary): implications for Plio-Pleistocene chemical weathering and palaeoclimate

Geochemical and mineralogical studies of palaeosols provide essential information for palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of continental deposits and can present a proxy for palaeoclimate. Red clays in the central Carpathian Basin (Hungary) (Tengelic Red Clay Formation; Kerecsend Red Clay Formation), overlain by loess-palaeosol sequences, were studied. Results from geochemical climofunctions applied to Upper Pliocene–Lower Pleistocene red clays and palaeosols located in the Carpathian Basin, and clay mineralogy, indicate that the palaeoclimate was considerably more humid and warmer during the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene in comparison to modern values.
Escape distances from human pedestrians by staging waterbirds in a Danish wetland

To aid planning of public access routes and the zoning of recreational activity in a Danish restored wetland, variation in the reactions of staging waterbirds to human activity were explored, using escape distances (measured as the distance at which the birds flush) as an index of sensitivity to pedestrians. Manipulative experiments showed species-specific responses in escape distances, including effects of body mass, flock size, flock composition, visibility of the stimulus to the birds and season. Mean escape distances increased with the mean body mass recorded for each species, although Wigeon Anas penelope flushed at greater distances than expected for their size. Birds in mixed flocks of Mallard Anas platyrhynchos and Teal Anas crecca reacted at longer distances than those in single species flocks for either species. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea escape distances increased through the autumn. Information about escape distances can be useful for advising on reserve design and for planning access within reserves, but there was evidence that waterbird escape distances are sitespecific which limits their wider applicability
Product Variety and Changes in Consumption Patterns: The Eects of Structural Change on Growth

The factors behind diverging long term growth experiences are diverse and dicult to disentangle, ranging from institutional and cultural aspects to economic conditions. This paper models the microeconomic relations between ve dimensions of the long term process of structural change of an economy|organisation, technology, and sectoral composition of production on the supply side; distribution of earnings, and the related evolution of consumption patterns on the demand side|as the explanans of these dierent patterns of economic growth. We refer to a number of studies and empirical accounts of the history of the industrial revolution in the UK to set the model’s foundations, and we analyse the model via numerical computation. Changes in the composition of workers-consumers related to the increase in rm size and organisational change induces product heterogeneity and rm selection, and the supply of new goods that satisfy less basic needs. Both selection and the emergence of markets increase market concentration, inducing capital investment accompanied by increasing labour productivity. Reduced cost then increases the demand of all consumer classes. Changes in rm size and organisation, investment, product innovation, and in expenditure shares of emerging classes, reach a critical point in which the economy transitions from slow to modern growth.
LONGEVITY OF STRATEGIC ALLIANCES BETWEEN COMPETITORS: A DYNAMIC VALUE CREATION APPROACH

Strategic alliances (SAs) present both a high value creation potential as well as entailing high management costs. Research on SA duration has generally focused on factors that affect management costs. The underlying logic in these papers is that factors that increase management costs reduce the likelihood of SA survival and, therefore, SA longevity. The basic assumption is that these factors do not affect the rent-generating potential of the SA. However, we argue that certain factors that increase management costs also increase the rent-generating potential. In particular, this is the case in SAs between competitors. This view complements that of SAs between competitors as learning races. The purpose of the present paper is to shed light on the question of how the fact that the partners in a SA are competitors affects the SA's chances of survival and its longevity.
Influence of third harmonic injection on MMC-based HVDC transmission systems

Whilst third harmonic injection is extensively used in modular multilevel converter (MMC) control, its significant advantages over sinusoidal modulation have not been fully explored. This study evaluates the influence of third harmonic injection on system power losses, submodule (SM) capacitance, circulating current, and fault current and mathematical models are derived. Station conduction losses are reduced by 11%, yielding higher efficiency and lowering cooling system capacity. The SM capacitance is reduced by 24%, which significantly lowers the capital cost, weight, and volume of the station converter. Additionally, the phase energy variation is reduced by around 18%, which benefits circulating current control. Due to the lower AC currents, the semiconductor current stresses are correspondingly reduced. In addition to the performance improvement in normal operation, the third harmonic injection reduces the DC fault currents by 13.4% and thus the fault current stresses on semiconductors and DC circuit breakers are lowered. Simulation of a point-to-point high-voltage direct current system demonstrates the effectiveness of the above analysis.
Portraits of Groups

This paper represents some small finite groups as groups of transformations of a compact surface of small genus. In particular, we start with a designated pair of regions of this surface and each region is labeled with the group element, which transforms the designated region into it. This gives a portrait of that finite group. These surfaces and the regions corresponding to the group elements are shown in this paper. William Burnside first gave a simple example of such a portrait in his 1911 book, “Theory of Groups of Finite Order”. Introduction and Historical Perspective There are many ways to draw a picture of a finite group. One possibility is to let the group elements be represented by one to one transformations of the points of a surface. This idea was developed by Dyck [3] and elaborated further in Burnside [1]. Burnside started with circles in the plane and the transformation was inversion in the circle. Inversion in a circle can be defined in a Euclidean plane with a “point at infinity” appended. The plane with a “point at infinity” can be identified with the Riemann sphere, Σ. It can be shown that inversion in circle C is given by the equation b z a c z b z IC + ⋅ + ⋅ − = ) ( , where C has equation 0 = + + + c z b bz z az with a and c real and b complex. This map is an antiautomorphism of the Riemann sphere (Jones and Singerman [4], p. 29). The group generated by these transformations is determined by the relationship between the circles. For example, starting with a circle and a straight line tangent to it (a circle of infinite radius), the set of inversions of the circles in each other gives the diagram given in Figure 1 (Burnside [1], p. 377). The transformation, S is given by composing first a reflection in the line and then an inversion in the circle. The plane is divided into black and white regions as in figure 1 and each transformation takes the white regions into themselves and the black regions into themselves. If we start with a white region labeled E for the identity, then the region into which E is transformed by S can be labeled by that group element. This gives a nice graphical picture of the integers Figure 1, Burnside [1], Page 377. as a group of transformations. The same ideas are used in Burnside [1, p. 379] to construct a free group on n generators, Fn. This construction fills up a unit disk with black and white regions and the transformations are given in the same way. We have used Geometer’s SketchPad to reconstruct part of this portrait of a free group on two
Beyond the last train: Creating a mobile-driven low carbon rail trail

There is a growing interest in low carbon tourism and sustainable forms of tourism development in destinations in light of climate change, high resource dependency and sustainability concerns. To address these concerns, rail trails have gained increased attention from city planners and environmental advocates as viable alternatives for creating a more sustainable tourism future in an urban city. However, studies focusing on rail trail experiences involving the application of a mobile-driven low carbon trail has been sparse. This paper explores the feasibility of developing an environmentally friendly, low carbon rail trail in urbanized Singapore. It presents a conceptual framework that outlines key attributes necessary for the successful development of low carbon mobile-driven rail trails. The results of the research support the idea of developing rail trail tourism in Singapore to augment existing tourism resource. Understanding the benefits, demand and requirements associated with rail trail development provides evidence for funding support and stakeholder commitment.
Corporate Income Tax Systems and State Economic Activity

Abstract We examine whether variations in the most fundamental aspects of state corporate income tax regimes affect state economic activity as measured by personal income, gross state product, and total non-farm employment. We focus on a variety of statutory components of state corporate income taxes that apply broadly in most U.S. states and for most multi-state corporate taxpayers. Our econometric strategy consists of a series of fixed effects panel regressions using state-level data from 1996 through 2010. Our results reveal important interaction effects of tax rates and policies, suggesting that policy makers should avoid making decisions about tax rates in isolation. The results demonstrate a relatively consistent negative economic response to the combination of high tax rates with throwback rules and heavy sales factor weights. Combined reporting has no discernible effect on personal income, GSP, or employment after controlling for tax rates, apportionment, and throwback rules. In an effort to gauge the relative impacts of tax policies on the location of economic activity, we also estimate alternative models in which each state’s economic activity is measured as a share of the national economic activity in each year. Statistically significant effects for tax rates, apportionment formulas, and throwback rules in the shares models suggest that at least some of their impact involves the movement of activity across state lines, thereby leaving open the possibility of a zero-sum game among the states.
WELL-BEING Goals , Culture , and Subjective Well-Being

The present studies examined the role of independent and interdependent goal pursuits in the subjective well-being (SWB) of Asian and European American college students. In Study 1, the authors found that independent goal pursuit (i.e., goal pursuit for fun and enjoyment) increased the benefit of goal attainment on SWB among European Americans but not among Asian Americans. In Study 2, the authors found that interdependent goal pursuit (i.e., goal pursuit to please parents and friends) increased the benefit of goal attainment on the SWB of Asian Americans, whereas it did not increase the benefit of goal attainment on the SWB of European Americans. In Study 3, the authors found that whereas interdependent goal pursuit increased the benefit of goal attainment, independent goal pursuit did not increase the benefit of goal attainment among Japanese college students. Altogether, the present findings suggest that independent and interdependent goal pursuits result in divergent affective consequences across cultures.
Best of the Best: A Comparison of Factor Models

We compare major factor models and find that the Stambaugh and Yuan (2016) 4-factor model is the overall winner in the time-series domain. The Hou, Xue, and Zhang (2015) q-factor model takes second place and the Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model and the Barillas and Shanken (2018) 6-factor model jointly take third place. The pairwise cross-sectional R 2 and the multiple model comparison tests show that the Hou et al. (2015) q-factor model, the Fama and French (2015) 5-factor and 4-factor models, and the Barillas and Shanken (2018) 6-factor model take equal first place in the horse race.
On the Incentive Effect of Job Rotation

A new employee may work hard to build his reputation. This effect is greatest when he starts. The longer he is employed at his job, the more the firm will already have learned about his ability. The incentives for an employee to influence the firm’s perceptions of his ability decrease over time. If rotating the employee to a different job leads to new uncertainty about his ability, this generates a fresh impulse for effort. However, job rotation also reduces the employee’s time horizon, thus reducing future rents from reputation. This trade-off leads to a unique optimum. We derive a simple rule of thumb for an optimal rotation time. Our main results still hold for cases of complete but imperfect information transmission. The incentive effects of job rotation also prevail in a setting in which skills are job-specific. We study several extensions: rotations across multiple employees, absence of commitment to a rotation time, different bargaining positions, discounting over time, and learning by doing effects.
Assessing cross-national invariance of the three-component model of organizational commitment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment in a cross-national context to identify if the effect of country-specific cultural orientation on organizational commitment of faculty in higher education functions invariably in different countries. Design/methodology/approach The work expands on Meyer and Allen’s (1991) three-component model of organizational commitment. It includes relevant literature review on ten countries and the results of a survey of university faculty members, assessing their institutions’ human resources practices and their effect on organizational commitment. Basic descriptive statistics were performed on nominal and interval data, means, medians, and standard deviations were computed, and tests of mean equivalence, including ANOVA tests, were performed. In certain instances, Pearson and Spearman correlations were computed to ascertain correlation, and χ2 tests for randomized response were used, while Cronbach’s α test helped to establish survey instrument validity. Findings Though certain differences may exist between different countries and cultures with respect to the three-component model of organizational commitment, there is strong evidence of the existence of invariance and, thus, generalizability of the model across cultures. Research limitations/implications Cultural studies have focused on differences in organizational commitment at national levels. Further attempts to identify the universality of factors leading to organizational commitment should account for culture in the study of employee-related globalization issues in higher education institutes. Knowledge of cultural impact is also useful from a managerial perspective, and for the design of relevant strategies. Practical implications National context plays a major role in shaping the nature of educational institutions. This study brings out the need for a deeper understanding of invariance in organizational commitment (inter-alia, through the three-component model). Originality/value This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between organizational commitment and its various antecedents, including human resources management practices, for faculty in higher education institutes.
Using Leslie matrices to determine wild rabbit population growth and the potential for control

Summary 1. Data on fecundity and mortality obtained from wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus populations in England were used in Leslie Matrix population projections to examine rate of population growth and the effect of time of control on population growth. 2. The population growth rate was shown to be slightly greater than unity in an average year. 3. Control policies which remove more adults than juveniles are best performed at the end of December and policies which remove more juveniles than adults are best performed in mid-June. 4. The limitations of the model used are discussed, as are limitations in the data. It was concluded that more information was required on natural mortality rates, especially fot the first few weeks of life.
Modeling the hybrid seedling performance of forage sorghum and silage corn under Jordan irrigation conditions

Hybrid seeds influence seedling vigor in forage sorghum and corn. Few investigations were reported on the hybrid effect on vigor for irrigation conditions in Jordan. A new investigation conducted under the Norman Borlaug fellowship during 2017 demonstrated a suitable simulation for growers. The first step required the identification of drought-tolerant seeds. Five commercial seed lots (three of corn and two of sorghum) were used. The second involved planting seeds under controlled and field conditions in the Florida A&M University and then evaluating the vigor by measuring emergence, fresh weight, and water use efficiency. Corn (6640VT3P) had significantly higher fresh weight and vigor. However, it was significantly the highest with water use efficiency in the greenhouse. The superiority of corn (6640VT3P) may be attributed to increased seed weight. Thus, results reported suggest that corn (6640VT3P) had a high impact on the seedling establishment that could be grown under extreme drought conditions.