Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cranio-Mandibular Parameters of Lateral Cephalometric Radiograph to Determine Sex in Forensic Investigations: An Electronic Search Study

Abstract Skeletal components play a significant role in sex determination in forensic investigation. The skull is considered second best, after the pelvis, in determination of sex. Methods based on morphological characteristics and morphometry are already in use with reasonable accuracy. Standardized radiographic techniques like cephalometry have advantages of being more precise and objective when compared to morphologic methods. The present electronic search study was to evaluate the importance of cranio-mandibular parameters of lateral cephalometric radiograph to determine sex in forensic investigation. In this study an electronic literature search was performed for articles and books published between January 1962 and December 2014. As a result, only 40 literatures were found, out of which only 14 publications (12 articles and 2 book) were relevant to the searched topic. To conclude, this study has shown that the cranio-mandibular parameters of lateral cephalogram plays an important role in determining sex for forensic investigation and diagnosis.
Characteristics of Small and Medium Enterprise Innovativeness: Cases of Uzbekistan and China

In this study, we aim at investigating factors significantly affecting innovation behavior of SMEs in developing country context. To realize the research objective, a thorough literature view on SME innovativeness has been realized and initial model for the study has been constructed. Data collected by self-administered questionnaire from SME CEOs and high level managers of Uzbekistan and China sample SMEs has been analyzed by Multivariate Logistic Model to make inference about significant determinants of SME innovativeness. The findings of the study suggest that CEOs with higher education, their innovation goal-oriented determination, and competition pressure from home market and abroad due to high export orientation of the SME and government incentives for innovations are being main forces making SMEs realize innovations. Internally, innovative SMEs are being led by CEOs with higher education degree and who well fits the great importance of innovations in their company strategy
Analysis of operational approach during forest transformation in Klokočná Range, Central Bohemia.

In this study immediate results concerning the effectiveness of the applied silvicultural measures in the course of forest transformation were analysed. Diameter distribution, homogeneity index, Gini index, Lorenz ordering and Shannon evenness index were used as indicators of structural changes on 15 study plots (0.25 ha in size) before and immediately after the harvest intervention (harvest intensity from 10% to 31%) aimed at increasing structural heteroge - neity on selected study sites. Structural analyses showed that immediate changes in structural indices after the harvest operation are relatively small, while changes in DBH distribution are more evident and they are also a more appropriate tool for a forest manager. The homogeneity index is more suitable for a comparison of present structural characteristics among the study plots. Generally, a longer time is necessary for the evaluation of the effectiveness of particular silvicul - tural treatments, when structural changes induced by natural regeneration and ingrowth become apparent.
Depth-acclimation of photosynthesis, morphology and demography of Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa in the Spanish Mediterranean Sea

Depth-related changes in population structure, biomass partitioning and photosynthesis were studied in populations of Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica on the NE Spanish coast. The population structure of both species changed much more with depth than leaf morphology and physiology. Leaf biomass declined 5- to 7-fold along the depth gradient reducing self-shading within the canopy, whereas the leaf area per unit leaf biomass and the photosynthesis-light response varied less than 1.5-fold among depths. Moreover, C. nodosa developed a greater proportion of leaves relative to rhizomes and roots at greater depths, thereby promoting the balance between photosyn- thesis and respiration in the shoots. C. nodosa, being a potentially fast-growing species compared to P. oceanica, had higher maximum photosynthetic and respiration rates as well as light compensation points for photosynthesis. Photosynthetic efficiency at low light, however, was almost the same for the 2 species as suggested by the relatively small differences in mass-specific light absorption. Only C. nodosa acclimated physiologically to depth as light-use efficiency increased, and light compensation point declined significantly from shallow to deep water. P. oceanica, however, possessed low respira- tion rates and slightly lower light compensation points values than C. nodosa throughout the depth range. Shoot mortality and recruitment rates were unaffected by rooting depth. C. nodosa stand experienced fast shoot turnover compared to P. oceanica, and shoot longevity of the former species decreased significantly with depth, suggesting higher risk of patch mortality at the depth limit. In contrast, P. oceanica shoot longevity was highest at great depths. Overall, these species differences in leaf metabolism and shoot dynamics suggest that C. nodosa responds faster to changing light con- ditions, whereas P. oceanica is able to survive longer at low irradiance due to low growth and respi- ratory maintenance rates.
Stability of the Martian atmosphere: Is heterogeneous catalysis essential?

A comprehensive homogeneous gas phase photochemical model is developed to study the problem of stability of the Martian atmosphere. The one-dimensional model extends from the ground up to 220 km, passing through the homopause at 125 km. The model thus couples the lower (neutral) atmosphere to the ionosphere above which provides significant downward flux of carbon monoxide and oxygen atoms. It is concluded on the basis of currently accepted values for globally and seasonally averaged water vapor abundance, dust opacity and the middle atmospheric eddy mixing coefficient, as well as the relevant laboratory data (particularly the temperature dependence of CO2 absorption cross section and the rate constant for CO + OH reaction), that the rate of re-formation of carbon dioxide exceeds its photolytic destruction rate by about 40%. Furthermore, it is found that this result is virtually independent of the choice of eddy mixing coefficient, unless its value in the middle atmosphere exceeds 108cm2s−1 or is far smaller than 105cm2s−1, or the dust opacity, unless it exceeds unity, or the water vapor mixing ratio at the surface, unless it is far smaller (≤1 ppm) or far greater (≥500 ppm) than the average value (∼150 ppm). Since none of these extremes represent globally and seasonally averaged conditions on Mars, we propose that the present model requires existence of a mechanism to throttle down the recycling rate of carbon dioxide on Mars. Therefore, it is suggested that a heterogeneous process which provides a sink to the species that participate in the recycling of CO2, i.e., H2O, H2O2, OH, CO or O, in particular, may be necessary to bring about the balance between the CO2 recycling rate and its photolytic destruction rate. Aerosols of dust or ice (pure or doped water or carbon dioxide ice present in the atmosphere of Mars) can provide the appropriate adsorption sites for the above heterogeneous process. Despite our conclusion that some heterogeneous process may be needed, it is important to recognize that one-dimensional models can only provide first-order results which, most likely, represent globally and seasonally averaged conditions. However, it is only after actual temporal, latitudinal and longitudinal variations of relevant atmospheric parameters are included in the model that one can determine fully whether the problem of atmospheric stability still continues to persist and whether some heterogeneous process is required to correct it.
An Experimental Investigation and a Theoretical and Computational Methodology to Study an Innovative Technology for Marine Current Exploitation: the Kobold Turbine

In this paper we present a joint experimental and theoretical research on an innovative technology for marine current exploitation based on the Kobold turbine concept. In particular, a research project by INSEAN, the Italian Ship Model Basin, in collaboration with Ponte di Archimede International S.p.A. (PdA) is described. A full-scale prototype of this vertical-axis turbine has been realized by PdA and it is currently successfully operating in the Messina Strait in Italy since 2001. The experimental activity is primarily intended to provide data for the validation of the theoretical and computational methodology. Different scale model configurations of Kobold turbine has been tested at the INSEAN model basin at different sea current conditions and over a wide range of variation of operating conditions. Those data will be used as benchmark for comparison with the numerical model prediction's codes and as a source of information for the design of improved and optimized real prototypes. The theoretical activity focuses on the development of models and computational tools to describe turbine global flow-field features and to predict performance. The theoretical and computational methodology is based on a general hydrodynamics formulation valid for three-dimensional unsteady inviscid flows. Trailing vorticity dynamics and viscosity effects are taken into account through suitable modelling.
Modified Bipyridines: 5,5′-Diamino-2,2′-bipyridine Metal Complexes Assembled into Multidimensional Networks via Hydrogen Bonding and π–π Stacking Interactions

A new synthetic route for the synthesis of 5,59-diamino-2,2- NMR including 113 Cd-NMR, IR, and for the iron complex 57 Fe-Mosbauer spectroscopy. The structure of eight of the bipyridine (5) based on the coupling of 2-chloro-5aminopyridine in the presence of NiCl2 × 6H 2O/PPh3/Zn in compounds was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. All of these metal complexes show a bipyridine‐metal dimethylformamide is described. The reactions of the potentially ambidentate ligand 5 with salts of the transition coordination. The amino functionality was never involved in metal coordination. The intermolecular arrangement is metals Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cd gave a variety of 13 metal‐ligand complexes depending on the anion, the dictated by hydrogen bonding from the amino functionality and by ﷿‐﷿ stacking of the bipyridine rings. crystallization conditions and the metal-to-ligand ratio. The complexes obtained were characterized by thermal analyses,
Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Growth Relation: Panel Causality Analysis

Yeni (icsel) buyume teorileri ortaya konulduktan sonra, bu teorilerde yer alan baskin rolun beseri sermaye degiskenine verildigi gorulmektedir. Beseri sermayeyi temsil edebilecek asil gostergeyi resmi ya da resmi olmayan egitim gostergeleri olustursa da toplumun saglik duzeyi ile ilgili gostergeler de beseri sermayeyi besleyen ve gelismesine katki yapan bir unsur olarak buyume modellerinde yer almaktadir. Ekonomik buyume ve beseri sermaye iliskisini tartisan literaturde, beseri sermayeyi temsil edebilen degiskenlerle ekonomik buyume gostergeleri arasindaki iliski uzerine bir konsesuse varilamadigi anlasilmaktadir. Literaturde, nedenselligin yonu ile ilgili olarak tek yonlu ya da karsilikli nedensellik iliskilerini destekleyen calismalara rastlanilmaktadir. Bu nedenle daha genis data setiyle ve yeni ekonometrik yontemler kullanilarak tahminler yapmak gerekmektedir. Bu calisma sozu edilen gerekcelerle beseri sermaye ile ekonomik buyume iliskisini, yeni nesil panel nedensellik testlerinden biri olan Emirmahmutoglu ve Kose (2011) yaklasimi ve Dunya Bankasinin ulkeleri gelirlerine gore siniflandirdigi dort farkli ulke grubu icin 1995-2014 verilerini kullanarak tahmin etmektedir. Beseri sermaye gostergesi olarak, kisi basina saglik harcamalari; toplam saglik harcamalari, ozel saglik harcamalari ve kamu saglik harcamalari kullanilirken, ekonomik buyume gostergesi olarak da kisi basina gelir degiskeni tercih edilmistir. Ulke gruplarina gore elde edilen sonuclar degiskenler arasinda cift yonlu nedensellik iliskisine isaret etmektedir.
Screening Effect and Impurity Scattering in Monolayer Graphene(Condensed matter: electronic structure and electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

The static polarization function is calculated in two-dimensional graphite and used for the calculation of the conductivity limited by charged-impurity scattering. The conductivity increases in proportion to the electron concentration and the mobility remains independent of the Fermi energy, in qualitative agreement with experiments. The screening increases in proportion to temperature at sufficiently high temperatures in contrast to the behavior in conventional two-dimensional systems, leading to the mobility increase proportional to the square of temperature.
Turbulent Heat Fluxes in Urban Areas: Observations and a Local-Scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme (LUMPS)

Abstract A linked set of simple equations specifically designed to calculate heat fluxes for the urban environment is presented. This local-scale urban meteorological parameterization scheme (LUMPS), which has similarities to the hybrid plume dispersion model (HPDM) scheme, requires only standard meteorological observations and basic knowledge of surface cover. LUMPS is driven by net all-wave radiation. Heat storage by the urban fabric is parameterized from net all-wave radiation and surface cover information using the objective hysteresis model (OHM). The turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes are calculated using the available energy and are partitioned using the approach of de Bruin and Holtslag, and Holtslag and van Ulden. A new scheme to define the Holtslag and van Ulden α and β parameters for urban environments is presented; α is empirically related to the plan fraction of the surface that is vegetated or irrigated, and a new urban value of β captures the observed delay in reversal of the sign of.
Optomechanical heat transfer between molecules in a nanoplasmonic cavity

We explore whether localized surface plasmon polariton modes can transfer heat between molecules placed in the hot spot of a nanoplasmonic cavity through optomechanical interaction with the molecular vibrations. We demonstrate that external driving of the plasmon resonance indeed induces an effective molecule-molecule interaction corresponding to a heat transfer mechanism that can even be more effective in cooling the hotter molecule than its heating due to the vibrational pumping by the plasmon. This mechanism allows us to actively control the rate of heat flow between molecules through the intensity and frequency of the driving laser.
Magic behavior and bonding nature in hydrogenated aluminum clusters

Ab initio electronic structure calculations have been performed using plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotentials as well as Gaussian atomic-orbital methods to understand the interaction of hydrogen with aluminum clusters. Our results show large binding energies of a single hydrogen atom on small Al clusters and large highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular-orbital gaps for AlH, ${\mathrm{Al}}_{7}\mathrm{H},$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{13}\mathrm{H}$ making these species behave like magic clusters. In general the binding energy of H is found to decrease with an increase in the cluster size. Calculations on two hydrogen atoms on Al clusters show large binding energies for ${\mathrm{Al}}_{n}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ with $n=2,$ 4, 6, and 8, but a significant decrease for ${\mathrm{Al}}_{7}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ as compared to ${\mathrm{Al}}_{7}\mathrm{H}. $ These results confirm the magic behavior of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{7}\mathrm{H}$ and suggest that hydrogen should be dissociated on ${\mathrm{Al}}_{6},$ in excellent agreement with the available experimental data.
Hole growth as a microrheological probe to measure the viscosity of polymers confined to thin films

We review recent hole growth measurements performed at elevated tem- peratures in freely-standing polystyrene (PS) films, using optical microscopy and a differential pressure experiment (DPE). In the hole growth experiments, which were performed at temperatures close to the bulk glass-transition temperature of PS, T bulk = 97 ◦ C, we find evidence for nonlinear viscoelastic effects, which markedly affect the growth of holes in freely-standing PS films. The hole radius R initially grew linearly with time t before undergoing a transition to exponential growth characterized by a growth time τ . The time scale τ1 for the decay of the initial transient behavior prior to reaching steady state was consistent with the convective constraint release mechanism of the tube theory of entangled polymer dynamics, while the characteristic hole growth times τ of the holes were consistent with significant reductions in viscosity of over eight orders of magnitude with increasing shear strain rate due to shear thinning. DPE mea- surements of hole growth on very thin freely-standing films revealed that hole formation and growth occurs only at temperatures that are comparable to or greater than T bulk g ,
Is Use of Radiation Hormesis the Missing Link to a Better Cancer Treatment

Radiation hormesis is a concept that pervades radiobiological exposures; low doses enhance immune response, while higher doses inhibit immune response. Low-dose Total-Body Irradiation (TBI) therapy offers radiation treatment to cancer patients using the concepts of radiation hormesis and show very good success rates. This phenomenon has been reported elsewhere as the “abscopal effect” and considering the marginal success rates of other treatment agents, like the immunotherapy drug Ipilimumab, TBI therapy may prove to be the missing link to a better cancer treatment.
Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) detection of low frequency sounds produced by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

In this study, source levels for some low-frequency sounds produced by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were measured and used to estimate the maximum distance that these sounds could be detected by yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Three types of sounds were examined: an internally generated sound referred to as a jaw pop, and two sounds produced by dolphin’s breaching and tail slap behaviors. Breaches and jaw pops produced the highest 1/3-octave source levels between 200–800 Hz (160 and 163 dB re: 1 μPa-m, respectively), which resulted in estimated maximum audible ranges between 850–900 m. The tail slaps were less intense (138 dB re: 1 μPa-m) and resulted in a maximum estimated detection range of approximately 90 m. These data are based on the lowest mean hearing threshold from two individual yellowfin (89 dB re: 1 μPa) [Iversen, R.T. B. (1967). “Response of the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) to underwater sound,” in Marine Bioacoustics, Vol. 2, ed. W.N. Tavolga (Pergamon, Oxford)]. Using the lowest threshold from either fish (83 dB re: 1 μPa) results in a maximum estimated audible range of 1700– 1800 m for the jaw pops and breaches.
Gape morphology of cod Gadus morhua L., haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus (L.) and whiting Merlangius merlangus (L.) through metamorphosis from larvae to juveniles in the western Irish Sea

Variations in standard length (LS), gape size (SG) and jaw length (LJ) were studied in larval and juvenile gadoids (cod Gadus morhua, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus and whiting Merlangius merlangus) from 4 to 70 mm. The increase in SG and LJ was not linear with respect to LS. The relationship was best described by segmented regression lines in all three species, with an inflection point at c. 10·5 mm. The SG and LJ increased more rapidly in relation to larval LS for individuals smaller than this inflection point size. The rates of increase slowed significantly post-inflection, an effect more noticeable in SG data compared to LJ data. In each case, the inflection point fell in the intermediate period of development between the larval and juvenile stages, which could be considered as metamorphosis. Published equations that have been used to predict SG from LJ lead to the overestimation of gape. New relationships are presented, which may be used to predict SG from measurements of either LS or upper jaw length in cod, haddock and whiting.
The effects of preterm birth on neural development, language acquisition, and auditory system

Background and Aim: In the last few decades, the total number of preterm newborns, with gestational age less than 35 weeks, who survived the prematurity conditions, has increased significantly. This might lead to a high prevalence of late neurocognitive and developmental abnormalities. The neurological development is closely related to the hearing and language acquisition; these factors play a crucial role in social and emotional growth. The present review emphasizes the consequences of preterm birth on neurodevelopment, speech-language, and auditory system. Recent Findings: The relationship between the preterm birth and neural developmental indicates that prematurity could lead to a higher risk of cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and mental retardation as compared to the birth at term. The preterm newborns would be deprived of normally enriched hearing experience during the length of hospital stay, which is markedly different from that of the typical full-term newborns. This altered hearing ability might impede the early normal development of auditory neural pathways in preterm children, posing serious concerns about the acquisition of speech and language skills as compared to their normal peers. Conclusion: Alterations in auditory and higher cortical functions in preterm children can lead to suboptimal cognition and language skills. In order to prevent and mitigate these consequences, a long-term follow-up of neurodevelopment, auditory, and linguistic abilities is proposed to fully recognize the sources of problems, and if necessary, implement the intervention programs.
GENERALISED MORPHISMS OF k-GRAPHS: k-MORPHS

In a number of recent papers, (k + l)-graphs have been constructed from k-graphs by inserting new edges in the last l dimensions. These constructions have been motivated by C � -algebraic considerations, so they have not been treated systematically at the level of higher-rank graphs themselves. Here we introduce k-morphs, which provide a systematic unifying framework for these various constructions. We think of k-morphs as the analogue, at the level of k-graphs, of C � -correspondences between C � -algebras. To make this analogy explicit, we introduce a category whose objects are k-graphs and whose morphisms are isomorphism classes of k-morphs. We show how to extend the assignment � 㜡 C � (�) to a functor from this category to the category whose objects are C � -algebras and whose morphisms are isomorphism classes of C � -correspondences.
Non-Invasive Online Beam Monitor Using LHCb VELO

Online beam monitoring is essential for ion beam therapy to assure effective delivery of the beam and maintain patient safety for cancer treatment. One candidate for such a monitoring device is the LHCb Vertex Locator (VELO) detector. It is a position sensitive silicon detector with an advantageous semi-circular design which enables approaching the core of the beam without interfering with it. In this contribution, tests using an Infra-Red laser to calibrate the detector and obtain information about its dynamic range, spatial and time resolution will be discussed. Initial results from using the detector at the 60 MeV proton therapy beamline at the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre (CCC), UK are also presented.