Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity, Complexity, and Persistence in Large Model Ecosystems

Research on how vast numbers of interacting species manage to coexist in nature reveals a deep disparity between the ubiquity of complex ecosystems and their theoretical improbability. Here, we show how integrating models of food-web structure and nonlinear bioenergetic dynamics bridges this disparity and helps elucidate the relationship between ecological complexity and stability. Network structure constraints, including trophic hierarchy, niche contiguity, and looping formalized by the “niche model,” greatly increase persistence in complex model ecosystems. Behavioral nonlinearities, particularly competition among consumers and reduced consumption of rare resources, formalized by predator interference and new “Type II.2” functional responses, further encourage persistence of species in complex food webs. Trophic dynamics are also shown to feed back to network structure, resulting in more accurate topologies than those achieved by simple structural models alone. Thus, integrating structure and dynamics of ecological networks yields remarkably comprehensive and ecologically plausible models that highlight the
Development of human peribiliary capillary plexus: A lectin‐histochemical and immunohistochemical study

We investigated the development of human intrahepatic peribiliary capillary plexus by lectin‐histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, using 40 fetal livers of various gestational ages, 52 postnatal livers of various ages, and 10 adult livers. In the earliest developmental stage of intrahepatic bile ducts ( “the stage of ductal plate”), no vasculatures were found around the ductal plate, but progenitor vascular cells positive for von Willebrand factor, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I and succinylated wheat germ agglutinin appeared in the mesenchyme of the portal tracts. In “the stage of biliary cell migration into the mesenchyme,” the progenitor vascular cells transformed into capillaries positive for von Willebrand factor, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, and succinylated wheat germ agglutinin. In “the stage of bile duct formation,” capillaries began to surround the bile ducts (immature peribiliary capillary plexus). The capillaries of the immature peribiliary capillary plexus proliferated and formed premature peribiliary capillary plexus around 40 wk of gestation in large bile ducts and around 6 wk after birth in small bile ducts. The former was composed of inner and outer layers, whereas the latter consisted of scattered capillaries without layer formation. The premature peribiliary capillary plexus continued to proliferate in the postnatal life and reached an adult and mature state around 15 yr. These data suggest that endothelial cells of capillaries of peribiliary capillary plexus derive from mesenchyme at the earliest stage of bile duct development and that the development and maturation of peribiliary capillary plexus progress parallel to those of the intrahepatic bile ducts. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:529–536.)
Sex Ratio of Sea Turtles: Seasonal Changes

Sex ratios of hatchling loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta taken from South Carolina and Georgia ranged from no females in nests laid in late May to 80 percent females in those laid in early July; the sex ratio decreased to 10 percent females in nests laid in early August. These seasonal changes are consistent with the role of temperature in directing sexual differentiation in various reptiles. The data have implications for understanding the demography of sea turtles and for their conservation.
Reproductive biology of the palm borer, Paysandisia archon (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)

Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1980) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) is an accidentally introduced pest that damages palm trees in the northern Mediterranean area. To our knowledge, there are no experimental studies on its mating behaviour, and little is known about its biology and ecology. In the present study, we used outdoor experiments to investigate several characteristics of the reproductive behaviour of P. archon: sexual maturity, diel periodicity of mating, occurrence of polyandry and delay between mating and laying eggs. The results indicate that 73% of the individuals studied were sexually mature three hours after adult emergence. Mating peaked between 14:00 h and 15:00 h and 87% of the females were fertilized and started laying eggs 1.25 (± 1.14) days after mating. Females were generally monandrous, but nevertheless remained attractive after mating. The results of this study provide the necessary background knowledge for studying several aspects of P. archon reproductive biology, in particular oviposition, sex pheromones and their role in mediating mating behaviour in this pest. These results are the first step in developing tools for monitoring populations of this pest.
Comparison of Prilosec OTCTM (omeprazole magnesium 20·6 mg) to placebo for 14 days in the treatment of frequent heartburn

Purpose: Consumer surveys have identified an over‐the‐counter (OTC) medication that provides complete and long‐lasting relief of frequent heartburn as an unmet consumer need. The purpose of the two identical studies reported in this paper was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 10·3 and 20·6 mg omeprazole magnesium, referred to as Ome‐Mg 10 and Ome‐Mg 20, respectively (equivalent to 10 and 20 mg omeprazole) for the treatment of frequent heartburn administered as a novel 14‐day OTC regimen.
Photochemical reaction of ubiquinone (35). VI. Coenzymatic activity of ubiquinone (35) and related compounds.

1) Using the mitochondria treated with acetone, measurement was made about the activity-restoring effect of ubiquinone (35)(I) and related compounds on the succinate oxidase system, and as the partial structure required for the effect the following points were made clear : i) the quinone nucleus is necessary, ii) the methoxyl at position of 3 may be changed to a hydroxyl but if it is converted to acetoxyl the effect is lost, iii) the length of the isoprene side chain has no influence so long as the number of the isoprene is 7∼10, but when the double bonds of the side chain are saturated, the activity decreases to 1/2, and when one of the double bonds is conjugated with the quinone nucleus, the activity lowers to 1/3. 2) When added to beef-heart mitochondria, some substances in Table IV other than ubiquinone (35)(I) and ubichromenol (35) acetate (IX) show slight inhibition of the succinate oxidase system.
Predictive Utility of Four Methods of Incorporating Parent and Teacher Symptom Ratings of ADHD for Longitudinal Outcomes

Despite robust evidence that parents and teachers provide incremental validity in the assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), far less is known about the predictive utility of various strategies for incorporating these multi-informant data. Thus, we compared the 2-year predictive validity of four common assessment methods (i.e., algorithms) for ADHD symptoms—(a) parent only, (b) teacher only, (c) parent or teacher (“or rule”), and (d) parent and teacher (“and rule”)—with respect to psychopathology and multidomain functional outcomes. At baseline, separate parent and teacher ratings of ADHD were obtained from an ethnically diverse (53% non-White) sample of 195 6- to 10-year-old children (30% female) to classify children according to the 4 algorithms. We then evaluated the predictive validity of each baseline ADHD algorithm with respect to its prediction of separate measures of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, as well as normed ratings of academic and social impairment obtained at a 2-year follow-up. The “or rule” algorithm, based on symptoms being endorsed by either informant, optimally predicted psychopathology and functional outcomes relative to the other algorithms. These findings converge with previous evidence that incorporating data from multiple informants, and more sensitive approaches in particular, provide incremental validity in the assessment of ADHD.
A Distinctive Resonance: Multiband Bandpass Filter Design Techniques Using Multimode Resonators

It has been over a decade since stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) first carved a niche in applications for multiband bandpass filter (BPF) design. This was the first class of resonator within the broad category of multimode resonator (MMR). Multiband filter design has seen subsequent development in other forms of MMRs, including stub-loaded resonators (SLRs), ring-loaded resonators, and the newly introduced fractal-shape resonators. In this article, we describe the different types of MMRs, along with their variations, that have led to emerging innovative design techniques for multiband BPFs.
Vaccination with newcastle disease vaccines strain i 2 and lasota in commercial and local chickens in Plateau State Nigeria

Vaccination trials and comparative immunogenicity study using Newcastle disease vaccine strain I2 (NDVI2) and NDV La Sota administered to commercial and local chickens through intraocular (i/o), intramuscular (i/m), drinking water (dw), untreated sorghum, parboiled sorghum, sorghum coated with gum Arabic or commercial chick mash feed as vaccine carriers was conducted. Newcastle disease vaccine strain I2 and NDV La Sota vaccines provided protection to commercial and local chickens vaccinated through i/o, i/m or dw. No significant difference (P.0.05) was observed in the antibody titre of commercial or local chickens vaccinated with either NDVI2 or NDV La Sota vaccines administered via commercial feed, parboiled sorghum, parboiled sorghum coated with gum Arabic and untreated sorghum. NDVI2 or NDV La Sota vaccines administered through commercial feed, parboiled sorghum, parboiled sorghum coated with gum Arabic and untreated sorghum gave no or limited protection (0-22%) to the birds when challenged with a local strain of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus Kudu 113 strain. It was concluded that the vaccine carriers used in this study were not suitable for delivery of NDVI2 or NDVS La Sota vaccines to local or commercial chickens.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Iran

Introduction and Aims Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very common in western countries. GERD is increasing, has profound effects on health economics, disturbs the patient's health-related quality of life, and increases the risk for development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. GERD is considered to be infrequent in developing countries. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of GERD among Iranians. Materials and Methods Major GERD symptoms (heartburn and acid regurgitation) were assessed through an interview by trained general practitioners in three different Iranian populations in 2002: Tehran University freshmen (n=3008), healthy blood donors in Tehran (n=3517), and participants in Golestan cohort study on esophageal carcinoma in Gonbad, north-east of Iran (n=1066). Presence of heartburn or acid regurgitation was considered as GERD and their frequencies were calculated during the last 12 months prior to recruitment. Results Three episodes per week or more of GERD symptoms were recorded in 2.1% of university freshmen (mean age 19.1±2.1 years), 4.7% of blood donors (mean age 37.3±10.8 years), and 18.4% of the cohort study participants (mean age 51.3 ± 11.7 years). One to two episodes of GERD symptoms a week were reported in 5.1% of the university freshmen, 5.6% of blood donors and 12.7% of the cohort study participants. Conclusions GERD symptoms are frequent among Iranians. There was also a trend toward increasing frequency of GERD with increasing age. A GERD symptom is more prevalent in Iran than other Asian countries and is
Repair of hydantoins, one electron oxidation product of 8-oxoguanine, by DNA glycosylases of Escherichia coli.

8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), induced by reactive oxygen species and arguably one of the most important mutagenic DNA lesions, is prone to further oxidation. Its one-electron oxidation products include potentially mutagenic guanidinohydantoin (Gh) and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) because of their mispairing with A or G. All three oxidized base-specific DNA glycosylases of Escherichia coli, namely endonuclease III (Nth), 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase (MutM) and endonuclease VIII (Nei), excise Gh and Sp, when paired with C or G in DNA, although Nth is less active than the other two. MutM prefers Sp and Gh paired with C (kcat/K(m) of 0.24-0.26 min(-1) x nM(-1)), while Nei prefers G over C as the complementary base (k(cat)/K(m) - 0.15-0.17 min(-1) x nM(-1)). However, only Nei efficiently excises these paired with A. MutY, a 8-oxoG.A(G)-specific A(G)-DNA glycosylase, is inactive with Gh(Sp). A/G-containing duplex oligonucleotide, in spite of specific affinity. It inhibits excision of lesions by MutM from the Gh.G or Sp.G pair, but not from Gh.C and Sp.C pairs. In contrast, MutY does not significantly inhibit Nei for any Gh(Sp) base pair. These results suggest a protective function for MutY in preventing mutation as a result of A (G) incorporation opposite Gh(Sp) during DNA replication.
Conventional Vs Islamic Bonds Announcements: The Effects on Shareholders’ Wealth

In this study the impact of Islamic bond and conventional bonds announcement on shareholder wealth was investigated. Data was employed from firms that listed in Bursa Malaysia for the period 2001 to 2006. A standard event study methodology with beta refinement using Blume’s method is employed to achieve the objective. The results indicate that there is a wealth effect by the announcement of Islamic bond issues. This is consistent with Mikkelson and Partch (1986) that states certain types of debts lead to abnormal return. The bond offering size appears to have a mild negative impact on the cumulative abnormal return.
Inhibition of Sucrose:Sucrose Fructosyl Transferase by Cations and Ionic Strength

Fructans are storage carbohydrates found in many temperate grasses. The first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of most fructans is sucrose:sucrose fructosyl transferase (SST). In this report, we demonstrate that K+ and ionic strength noncompetitively inhibit the activity of SST from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stems. The Ki for this inhibition is high, 122 mM, but in the range of concentrations of K+ found in the tissue (205–)314 mM). Addition of KCl to the assay system had no effect on the pH optimum (5.5) or the Km for sucrose (266 mM) but reduced the Vmax. At equivalent ionic strengths, inhibition by choline chloride was about half that of KCl, indicating that inhibition by ionic strength might be responsible for approximately 50% of the KCl inhibition. Inhibition by LiCl and (NH4)2SO4 was similar to that by choline chloride. Soluble invertase activity found in the SST preparations was less sensitive to KCl and more sensitive to choline chloride than was SST. SST from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) stems and leaves, as well as SST from leaves of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), was also inhibited by KCl. SST from onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs and asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) stems was not inhibited by KCl; thus, inhibition of activity by KCl is not a universal characteristic of SST from all sources.
A unified approach to inverse and direct kinematics for four kinds of wheeled mobile robots and its applications

The development of mechanical structures for wheeled vehicles has a very long history. The forms of vehicles can be classified according to the steering and powering of the vehicle as follows: 1) ordinary car-like robots (including passenger cars, single unit trucks, single unit buses and articulated trucks); 2) dual drive robots (dual drive motors with various casters); 3) synchronous drive and steering robots; and 4) omnidirectional robots. Kinematics forms the basis for feasibility analysis of the mechanism, motion feasibility, dynamics and control, trajectory planning and more complicated problem for an autonomous intelligent robot, such as path planning. This paper develops the unified kinematics, both the inverse and the direct types, for the four kinds of wheeled vehicles. The application of the kinematics in path planning problem is also presented.
On linear recursive sequences with coefficients in arithmetic-geometric progressions

We provide a formula for the $n^{th}$ term of the $k$-generalized Fibonacci-like number sequence using the $k$-generalized Fibonacci number or $k$-nacci number, and by utilizing the newly derived formula, we show that the limit of the ratio of successive terms of the sequence tends to a root of the equation $x + x^{-k} = 2$. We then extend our results to $k$-generalized Horadam ($k$GH) and $k$-generalized Horadam-like ($k$GHL) numbers. In dealing with the limit of the ratio of successive terms of $k$GH and $k$GHL, a lemma due to Z. Wu and H. Zhang [8] shall be employed. Finally, we remark that an analogue result for $k$-periodic $k$-nary Fibonacci sequence can also be derived.
Evaluating the Effect of Beauty on Labor Market Outcomes: A Review of the Literature.

Examining the effect of beauty on labor market outcomes has become a growing field of labor economics. In fact, the way the labor market rewards physical attractiveness has become an important underlying determinant of wage discrimination, as well as the gender wage gap. In this article, we survey the extensive literature on this topic paying particular attention to the channels through which beauty may affect wage differentials. Overall our survey confirms the existence of a positive association between beauty and labor market outcomes such as earnings and employment opportunities (call-back rates). Further research is needed on the effect of attractiveness within occupations in order to provide more evidence on its productivity-enhancing channel of transmission and the effect this has on the gender wage gap, as well as on the endogeneity of beauty.
When Workers Care

This study analyzes longitudinal survey data on dual-earner couples (N= 884) to assess individual- and couple-level effects of caregiving on changes in well-being. The authors draw on a life course, role context, and strategic selection theoretical framework to examine positive and negative effects of individuals' own caregiving transitions and their having a spouse engaged in caregiving on well-being. The authors find that (a) caregiving is associated with well-being declines for dual-earner women and well-being increases for dual-earner men; (b) women caregivers with flexible work arrangements report higher levels of well-being than caregivers without such arrangements, although the size of this effect is small; and (c) having a spouse involved in caregiving affects employee well-being, but in different ways for women and men.
A qualidade de vida na pesca artesanal O uso de indicadores como instrumento de avaliação

Para a gestao pesqueira o desenvolvimento de politicas publicas que promovam melhor qualidade de vida ao setor artesanal e um desafio, devido aos diferentes contextos nos quais as comunidades estao inseridas. Neste sentido este trabalho buscou verificar o desempenho do metodo de avaliacao da qualidade de vida por meio do indicador (IQV) quando aplicado a atividade pesqueira. Foram avaliadas localidades na regiao da Baixada Santista e Litoral Sul do Estado de Sao Paulo atraves de aspectos nas dimensoes social, ambiental, economica e institucional Os indicadores de qualidade de vida mostraram-se eficientes no reconhecimento da insatisfacaos dos pescadores sobre as condicoes disponiveis para se viver.
Gentrification, Displacement, and the Role of Public Investment

Scholarly interest in the relationship between public investments and residential displacement dates back to the 1970s and the aftermath of displacement related to urban renewal. A new wave of scholarship examines the relationship of gentrification and displacement to public investment in transit infrastructure. Scholarship has generally conflated gentrification and displacement; however, this review argues for a clearer analytical distinction between the two. Although the displacement discussion in the United States began with the role of the public sector and now has returned to the same focus, it will be necessary to overcome methodological shortcomings to arrive at more definitive conclusions about the relationship.
p53 Genotypes and Risk of Glioma and Meningioma

Brain tumors have previously been associated with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome that often is caused by p53 germ line mutations. Therefore, we investigated if polymorphisms of p53 were associated with an increased risk of meningioma and glioma and integrated the polymorphism analyses with detailed information on family history of cancer. In a population-based case-control study, DNA was extracted from 205 glioma and 164 meningioma cases identified during 2000 to 2002 in Sweden and from 374 controls selected randomly from the general population, stratified on age, sex, and geographic region. The Swedish Cancer Registry confirmed a cancer in family members in 86% of cases and controls that reported a family history of cancer. p53 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses were done on three SNPs from the promoter region, codon 72 in exon 4, and intron 6. Overall, no associations were found for any of the SNPs. Analyses of the combinations of the three SNPs were also done. The CC-CG-CC-specific polymorphism combination was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.36 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.68-2.72] for glioma and 1.36 (0.64-2.88) for meningioma. When restricting the analyses to cases and controls with a positive family history of cancer, the corresponding results were OR of 3.62 (95% CI, 1.05-12.48) for glioma and 5.69 (1.81-17.96) for meningioma. This study is novel in suggesting an increased risk of brain tumors when the analysis is restricted to those with a history of cancer in the family. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that these results are due to chance.
Kiss-1/GPR54 protein expression in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that the Kiss-1 gene countervails the metastatic aptitude of several cancer cell lines and solid-tumor neoplasias. However, there still remains ambiguity regarding its role in breast cancer and literature has arisen asserting that Kiss-1 expression may be linked to an aggressive phenotype and malignant progression. Herein, we investigated the protein expression of Kiss-1 and its receptor GPR54 in breast cancer tissues compared to non-cancerous mammary tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paraffin-fixed cancer tissues from 43 women with resected breast adenocarcinomas and 11 specimens derived from women suffering from fibrocystic disease, serving as controls, were immunostained with Kiss-1 and GPR54 antibodies. RESULTS Kiss-1 and GPR54 protein expression levels were significantly higher in breast cancer compared to fibrocystic tissues (p<0.05). No significant correlation was established between Kiss-1 or GRP54 expression and tumor grade, tumor size, lymph node positivity, histological type or ER status. Kiss-1 expression significantly and positively correlated with GPR54 expression in both breast cancer and fibrocystic disease specimens. CONCLUSION Kiss-1/GPR54 expression was found to be significantly higher in breast cancer compared to non-malignant mammary tissues.
Enhanced oxygen diffusivity in interfaces of nanocrystalline ZrO2⋅Y2O3

First measurements of oxygen grain boundary diffusion coefficients in nanocrystalline yttria-doped ZrO2 (n-ZrO2⋅6.9 mol % Y2O3) are presented. The 18O diffusion profiles measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy are much deeper in the nanocrystalline specimens than in single crystals. An oxygen diffusivity, DB, in the grain boundaries can be deduced, which is ≈3 orders of magnitude higher than in single crystals. From the present data the temperature variation of the oxygen grain boundary diffusivity, DB = 2.0 × 10−5 exp (−0.91 eV/kBT) m2/s, and the oxygen surface exchange coefficient, k = 1.4 × 10−2 exp (−1.13 eV/kBT) m/s, are derived.