Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPECIAL CURVES AND POSTCRITICALLY FINITE POLYNOMIALS

Abstract We study the postcritically finite maps within the moduli space of complex polynomial dynamical systems. We characterize rational curves in the moduli space containing an infinite number of postcritically finite maps, in terms of critical orbit relations, in two settings: (1) rational curves that are polynomially parameterized; and (2) cubic polynomials defined by a given fixed point multiplier. We offer a conjecture on the general form of algebraic subvarieties in the moduli space of rational maps on ${ \mathbb{P} }^{1} $ containing a Zariski-dense subset of postcritically finite maps.
The Power to See: A New Graphical Test of Normality

Many statistical procedures assume that the underlying data-generating process involves Gaussian errors. Among the popular tests for normality, only the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test has a graphical representation. Alternative tests, such as the Shapiro–Wilk test, offer little insight as to how the observed data deviate from normality. In this article, we discuss a simple new graphical procedure which provides simultaneous confidence bands for a normal quantile–quantile plot. These bands define a test of normality and are narrower in the tails than those related to the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Correspondingly, the new procedure has greater power to detect deviations from normality in the tails. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MULTI-PROBE ANALYSIS OF THE GALAXY CLUSTER A1689

We perform a three-dimensional multi-probe analysis of the rich galaxy cluster A1689, one of the most powerful known lenses on the sky, by combining improved weak-lensing data from new wide-field BVR C i ′ z ′ ? > Subaru/Suprime-Cam observations with strong-lensing, X-ray, and Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) data sets. We reconstruct the projected matter distribution from a joint weak-lensing analysis of two-dimensional shear and azimuthally integrated magnification constraints, the combination of which allows us to break the mass-sheet degeneracy. The resulting mass distribution reveals elongation with an axis ratio of ∼0.7 in projection, aligned well with the distributions of cluster galaxies and intracluster gas. When assuming a spherical halo, our full weak-lensing analysis yields a projected halo concentration of c 200 c 2 D = 8.9 ± 1.1 ? > ( c vir 2 D ∼ 11 ? > ), consistent with and improved from earlier weak-lensing work. We find excellent consistency between independent weak and strong lensing in the region of overlap. In a parametric triaxial framework, we constrain the intrinsic structure and geometry of the matter and gas distributions, by combining weak/strong lensing and X-ray/SZE data with minimal geometric assumptions. We show that the data favor a triaxial geometry with minor–major axis ratio 0.39±0.15 and major axis closely aligned with the line of sight (22°±10°). We obtain a halo mass M 200 c = ( 1.2 ± 0.2 ) × 10 15 M ⊙ h - 1 ? > and a halo concentration c 200 c = 8.4 ± 1.3 ? > , which overlaps with the ≳ 1 &sgr; ? > tail of the predicted distribution. The shape of the gas is rounder than the underlying matter but quite elongated with minor–major axis ratio 0.60 ± 0.14. The gas mass fraction within 0.9 Mpc is 10 − 2 + 3 % ? > , a typical value for high-mass clusters. The thermal gas pressure contributes to ∼60% of the equilibrium pressure, indicating a significant level of non-thermal pressure support. When compared to Planck's hydrostatic mass estimate, our lensing measurements yield a spherical mass ratio of M Planck / M GL = 0.70 ± 0.15 ? > and 0.58 ± 0.10 with and without corrections for lensing projection effects, respectively.
Dual-System Theories of Decision Making: Analytic Approaches and Empirical Tests

ii Acknowledgments. v Vita . vi List of Tables . xii List of Figures . xiii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Significance of dual-system models . 2 Review of dual-system models in reasoning and decision making . 3 Types of models. 4 Importance of working memory in dual-system models . 25 Alternatives to and criticisms of dual-system models . 26 Review of single continuum models . 27 Review of multiple systems models in relation to dual-system models . 33 Other criticisms of dual-system models . 39 Summary . 40 Transition to Chapter 2 . 41 ix Chapter 2: Cognitive Reflection vs Numeric ability in predicting decision biases and outcomes (Sinayev & Peters, 2015) . 43 The Cognitive Reflection Hypothesis . 43 Dual-System Explanation . 45 The Numeracy Hypothesis . 47 Modeling Cognitive Reflection and Numeric Ability . 48 Do Cognitive Reflection and Numeracy Both Predict Good Decision Making? 50 Study 1. 52 Method . 53 Results . 58 Discussion . 66 Study 2. 68 Method . 70 Results . 76 Discussion . 83 General Discussion . 85 Transition to Chapter 3 . 93 Chapter 3: Experimental test of dual-system predictions in Risky Choice . 96 Introduction . 96
Örgütsel Destek, Sosyal Destek ve İş/Aile Çatışmalarının Yaşam Tatmini Üzerindeki Etkileri

Bu arastirmada orgutsel ve sosyal destegin is/aile catismalari uzerindeki etkileri, ayrica sosyal ve orgutsel destegin yasam tatmini uzerindeki etkileri degerlendirilmistir. Arastirma, siklikla gece nobetlerine kaldiklar icin yuksek is/aile catismasi potansiyeline sahip olan hemsireler uzerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclara gore, orgutsel destegin is -aile catismasi ile negatif yonlu, orgutsel ve sosyal destegin yasam tatmini ile pozitif yonlu bir iliskiye sahip oldugu belirlenmistir. Ayrica is /aile catismalarinin yasam tatmini ile negatif yonlu bir iliskisinin bulundugu tespit edilmistir.
Spatial arrangement of kin affects recruitment success in young male red grouse

Models have shown that population cycles might be driven by time lags resulting from positive feedback between kin structure and population change, coupled with negative feedback between density and population change. One such model operates through kin favouritism facilitating the recruitment of young cock red grouse. We investigated whether recruitment by young cocks depended on the presence and spatial arrangement of elder relatives in the territorial population. We used molecular genetic estimates of relatedness, and checked for effects of covariates including natal territory size, hatching date, body size, parasite burdens and local density. Philopatric recruitment by cock red grouse led to the formation of clusters of contiguous territories owned by kin. The probability that an individual young cock would establish a territory increased with the number of kin in his father's cluster. This pattern might have been due to genetic quality determining both recruitment success and the size of the paternal cluster. If so, there should have been a positive correlation between a young cock's probability of recruitment and the number of his relatives in the population, irrespective of their spatial distribution. This did not occur and so the effect of cluster size is unlikely to have been confounded by genetic quality. The only morphological measure correlated with recruitment success was supraorbital comb size. The results are consistent with the prediction that kin tolerance affects recruitment but were at the level of the individual within years, rather than the population among years. Hence an experimental test of the kin favouritism hypothesis for population cycles, by manipulation of relatedness in populations among years, is now required.
Brain Dopamine and Serotonin Receptors in the Perception of Pain. Positron Emission Tomography Studies in Healthy Subjects

Ilkka K. Martikainen BRAIN DOPAMINE AND SEROTONIN RECEPTORS IN THE PERCEPTION OF PAIN Positron Emission Tomography Studies in Healthy Subjects Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine; Turku PET Centre, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Annales Universitatis Turkuensis Ser. D Painosalama Oy, Turku, Finland, 2009. The role of dopamine and serotonin in spinal pain regulation is well established. However, little is known concerning the role of brain dopamine and serotonin in the perception of pain in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of brain dopamine and serotonin in determining experimental pain sensitivity in humans using positron emission tomography (PET) and psychophysical methods. A total of 39 healthy subjects participated in the study, and PET imaging was performed to assess brain dopamine D2/D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptor availability. In a separate session, sensitivity to pain and touch was assessed with traditional psychophysical methods, allowing the evaluation of potential associations between D2/D3 and 5-HT1A binding and psychophysical responses. The subjects’ responses were also analyzed according to Signal Detection Theory, which enables separate assessment of the subject’s discriminative capacity (sensory factor) and response criterion (non-sensory factor). The study found that the D2/D3 receptor binding in the right putamen was inversely correlated with pain threshold and response criterion. 5-HT1A binding in cingulate cortex, inferior temporal gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex was inversely correlated with discriminative capacity for touch. Additionally, the response criterion for pain and intensity rating of suprathreshold pain were inversely correlated with 5-HT1A binding in multiple brain areas. The results suggest that brain D2/D3 receptors and 5-HT1A receptors modulate sensitivity to pain and that the pain modulatory effects may, at least partly, be attributed to influences on the response criterion. 5-HT1A receptors are also involved in the regulation of touch by having an effect on discriminative capacity.
The Relationship between Observable Self-Talk and Competitive Junior Tennis Players' Match Performances

In sport psychology, there is broad interest in cognitive factors that affect sport performance. The purpose of this research was to examine one such factor, self-talk, in competitive sport performance. Twenty-four junior tennis players were observed during tournament matches. Their observable self-talk, gestures, and match scores were recorded. Players also described their positive, negative, and other thoughts on a postmatch questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the self-talk and gestures that occurred during competition was generated. It was found that negative self-talk was associated with losing and that players who reported believing in the utility of self-talk won more points than players who did not. These results suggest that self-talk influences competitive sport outcomes. The importance of "believing" in self-talk and the potential motivational and detrimental effects of negative self-talk on performance are discussed.
EFFECT OF SOIL SALINITY ON GROWTH, WATER STATUS AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN SEEDLINGS OF Ziziphus mauritiana (RHAMNACEAE)

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effects of soil salinity on emergence, growth, water content, proline content and mineral accumulation of seedlings of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae). Sodium chloride (NaCl) was added to the soil to maintain electric conductivity at 0.3, 3.9, 6.0, 7.9, 10.0 and 11.9 dSm -1 . Salinity caused reduction in seedling emergence, water content and water potential of seedling organs (leaves, stems, tap roots and lateral roots). Consequently, shoot and root elongation, leaf expansion and dry matter accumulation in seedling organs significantly decreased while proline content increased with increasing soil salinity. A significant increase of K content in all organs of the seedlings with increasing soil salinity evinced high selectivity of this tree species for K + . There were no effective mechanisms to control net uptake of Na on root plasma membrane and subsequently its transport to shoot tissue. Nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium content in seedling organs significantly decreased as soil salinity increased. Changes in both organs and whole-plant accumulation patterns of nutrients, as well as possible mechanisms for avoidance of Na toxicity in this tree species in response to salinity, are discussed.
Inferring dispersal across a fragmented landscape using reconstructed families in the Glanville fritillary butterfly

Dispersal is important for determining both species ecological processes, such as population viability, and its evolutionary processes, like gene flow and local adaptation. Yet obtaining accurate estimates in the wild through direct observation can be challenging or even impossible, particularly over large spatial and temporal scales. Genotyping many individuals from wild populations can provide detailed inferences about dispersal. We therefore utilized genomewide marker data to estimate dispersal in the classic metapopulation of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia L.), in the Åland Islands in SW Finland. This is an ideal system to test the effectiveness of this approach due to the wealth of information already available covering dispersal across small spatial and temporal scales, but lack of information at larger spatial and temporal scales. We sampled three larvae per larval family group from 3732 groups over a six‐year period and genotyped for 272 SNPs across the genome. We used this empirical data set to reconstruct cases where full‐sibs were detected in different local populations to infer female effective dispersal distance, that is, dispersal events directly contributing to gene flow. On average this was one kilometre, closely matching previous dispersal estimates made using direct observation. To evaluate our power to detect full‐sib families, we performed forward simulations using an individual‐based model constructed and parameterized for the Glanville fritillary metapopulation. Using these simulations, 100% of predicted full‐sibs were correct and over 98% of all true full‐sib pairs were detected. We therefore demonstrate that even in a highly dynamic system with a relatively small number of markers, we can accurately reconstruct full‐sib families and for the first time make inferences on female effective dispersal. This highlights the utility of this approach in systems where it has previously been impossible to obtain accurate estimates of dispersal over both ecological and evolutionary scales.
Remote sensing applications for monitoring the spatial distribution of Bracken fern (Pteridium) in the Cathedral Peak : Drakensberg, South Africa.

Bracken fern is one of the major invasive plants distributed all over the world currently threatening socio-economic and ecological systems due to its ability to swiftly colonize landscapes. The study aimed at reviewing the progress and challenges in detecting and mapping bracken fern weeds using multispectral remotely sensed data. Evidence from literature have revealed that traditional methods such as field surveys and modelling have been insufficient in detecting and mapping the spatial distribution of bracken fern at a regional scale. The applications of medium spatial resolution sensors have been constrained by their limited spatial, spectral and radiometric capabilities in detecting and mapping bracken fern. On the other hand, the availability of most of these data sets free of charge, large swath width and their high temporal resolution have significantly improved remote sensing of bracken fern. The use of commercial satellite data with high resolution have also demonstrated potential in providing fine spectral and spatial resolution capabilities that are essential in offering precise and reliable data on the spatial distribution of invasive species. However, the application of these data sets is largely restricted to smaller areas due to high acquisition costs. Studies on bracken fern classification have extensively adopted traditional classification methods such as supervised maximum likelihood classifier. Finally, since high spatial resolution sensors are expensive to acquire and have small swath width, the current study recommends that future research can also consider investigating the utility of the freely available recently launched new generation sensors such as Landsat 8 OLI with a global footprint which provides invaluable information for repeated measurement for bracken fern weeds over time and space.
Traveling-Wave-Based Fault Location in Electrical Distribution Systems With Digital Simulations

Traveling-wave-based fault location in electrical distribution systems is an important safeguard for the distribution network reliability. The effectiveness of the methods is verified directly in power grid in the early stages, while different fault types can't appear in a short time. And normal dynamic physical simulation cannot meet the teaching demand either because of the limitation of transmission line model and other factors. So PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB are used to illustrate the the fault location methods in this paper, which can promote the traveling-wave-based fault-location technology. Meanwhile, the traveling-wave-based fault-location method based on characteristic frequencies is analyzed in this paper.
, Mucin Core Protein Expression in Colorectal Cancers with High Levels of Microsatellite Instability Indicates a Novel Pathway of Morphogenesis.

gastric carcinomas The we have ob-tained recently identify a subgroup of carcinomas that shows high levels of instability for different markers (3, 6) and maintains a gastric type differentiation with MUC5AC ex-pression.Together with the results of Biemer-Huttmann et al. (1) on colorectal cancer, our data on gastric cancer suggest that there is a consistent parallel between genetic instability and MUC5AC expression. This is particularly interesting in colorectal tumours because MUC5AC is not expressed in the normal colon mucosa. Further studies should be undertaken to clarify the mechanisms underlying the widespread association of MUC5AC and MSI in tumors of the digestive tract.
The association of silent coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome in Chinese with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular diseases account for approximately 75% of the deaths that occur in patients with diabetes. Because the clinical signs of coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients are hard to detect and routine screening is costly, it would be of great benefit to try to either prevent CAD from occurring or to detect it early and provide optimal care. Therefore, we analyzed the risk factors that might predict CAD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with no classical cardiac ischemic symptoms. METHODS Using a resting 12-lead ECG, exercise treadmill test, or thallium myocardial scintigraphy with exercise testing and dipyridamole injection, we screened diabetic patients already enrolled in a disease management program for possible CAD. We used diagnostic coronary angiography to confirm its presence. The definition and criteria of metabolic syndrome we used were modified from those outlined by the WHO classification and criteria of NCEP-ATP III. RESULTS A total of 850 T2DM patients without clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of CAD were studied. Three hundred and sixty-eight asymptomatic patients with normal resting ECG were examined by exercise ECG test or thallium scintigraphy examination. Sixty patients considered to have a strong positive test or significant thallium myocardial ischemia received a diagnostic coronary angiography. Fifty-one were found to have significant coronary artery stenosis; 9 showed no significant ischemic lesion. While gender, patients' age, known diabetes duration, serum uric acid level, smoking status, and the presence of WHO-metabolic syndrome defined hypertension and nephropathy were associated with silent CAD, logistic regression analysis found that the only predictor of silent CAD was the presence of nephropathy. The components of NCEP-ATP III-metabolic syndrome were not found to be associated with silent CAD. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of T2DM patients have silent CAD. A diabetic patient with incipient or overt nephropathy should be examined for the presence of CAD. The definition of metabolic syndrome may be modified for early detection of CAD in patients with T2DM.
METAPHORIC CONCEPTS AND LANGUAGE

Nowadays it is usual to talk about metaphoric concepts. In the literature about metaphor there are, at least, two notions of metaphoric concepts. One of them is used to explain the meaning of the metaphoric use of language. The other is used to describe human cognition. Although it might be thought that the two notions of metaphoric concept that are involved in these explanations are the same, we will show that they only have the metaphoric mechanism in common. And it is precisely this feature that brings to light the fact that when we are talking about metaphoric concepts in any sense, we are really talking about conceptions of concepts and not about concepts, in case conceptions are not themselves concepts. Taking this into account, one of the objectives of this talk is to show how our comprehension of the metaphoric use of language affects our understanding of the view of our conceptions of concepts. The metaphoric use of language affects our understanding of the view of our conceptions of concepts because this use is possible only if we understand that our conceptions of concepts are structured in a way which allows their metaphoric restructuring by means of conceptions of other concepts, they are structured in a way that permits the application of the metaphoric mechanism. The metaphoric mechanism results in a reconceptualization of a target concept that serves as a new context of interpretation. This new context of interpretation allows speakers to associate metaphoric concepts or, as we prefer to call them, ‘metaphoric provisional meanings’ with the words included in the
Isdeferasirox as Effective as Desferrioxamine in Treatment of Iron Overload in Patients with Thalassemia Major ? *

Iron overload may play an important role in increasing morbidity and mortality in patients with thalassemia major.In transfusion-dependent thalassemia, iron-chelation therapy is themain choice to decrease iron burden. Deferasirox (DFX) and desferrioxamine (DFO) were recognized as main chelators in the novel history of iron chelation therapy in thalassemic patients. Deferasirox was the latest up to date iron chelation drug, which was given orally, while parenteral desferrioxamine was the first used one historically. This study aimed to evaluate iron chelation performance of DFX in comparison with DFO in beta-thalassemia major patients. Throughout a 12 months’ period, betathalassemia major patients whom were regularly followed up in the biggest thalassemia center in Iraq were studied retrospectively, and divided into two categories according to iron chelating drug used.Patients on DFX and DFO were 1083 and 317, respectively. Serum ferritin reduction after one year was comparable for both groups, but a significant lowering in LIC was achieved by DFX. Again; non-significant results of LVEF were found. Patients decided to stop taking DFO more significantly than DFX. We reached a conclusion that deferasirox had a higher potential as an iron chelation therapy when matched with desferrioxamine.
ECO 2010/34 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS VALUE OF IFORMATION IN COMPETITIVE ECONOMIES WITH INCOMPLETE MARKETS

We study the value of information in a competitive economy in which agents trade in asset markets to reallocate risk. We characterize the kinds of information that allow a welfare improvement when portfolios can be freely reallocated. We then compare competitive equilibria before and after a change in information. We show that generically, if markets are sufficiently incomplete, the welfare effects are completely arbitrary: there typically exist changes in information that make all agents better off, or all agents worse off. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D52, D60, D80.