Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fettelite, [Ag6As2S7][Ag10HgAs2S8] from Chañarcillo, Chile: Crystal structure, pseudosymmetry, twinning, and revised chemical formula

Abstract The crystal structure of the rare mineral fettelite was solved using intensity data collected from a twinned crystal from Chañarcillo, Copiapó Province, Chile. This study revealed that, in spite of the strong hexagonal pseudosymmetry, the structure is monoclinic (space group C2) with a = 26.0388(10), b = 15.0651(8), c = 15.5361(8) Å, β = 90.48(1)°, and V = 6094.2(5) Å3. The refinement of an anisotropic model led to an R index of 0.0656 for 7143 observed reflections [I > 2σ(I)] and 0.0759 for all 17 447 independent reflections. Fettelite is intimately twinned with six twin domains. The structure consists of the stacking of two module layers along [001]: an A module layer with composition [Ag6As2S7]2- and a B module layer with composition [Ag10HgAs2S8]2+. The As atoms form isolated AsS3 pyramids typical of sulfosalts, Hg links two sulfur atoms in linear coordination, and Ag occupies sites with coordination ranging from quasi linear to almost tetrahedral. The A module layer found for fettelite is identical to that described for the minerals belonging to the pearceite-polybasite group. On the basis of information gained from this characterization the crystal chemical formula was revised according to the structural results, yielding [Ag6As2S7][Ag10HgAs2S8] (Z = 8).
UCalMiCeL – UNIFIED INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC CALIBRATION OF AMULTI-CAMERA-SYSTEM AND A LASERSCANNER

Abstract. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with adequate sensors enable new applications in the scope between expensive, large-scale, aircraftcarried remote sensing and time-consuming, small-scale, terrestrial surveyings. To perform these applications, cameras and laserscanners are a good sensor combination, due to their complementary properties. To exploit this sensor combination the intrinsics and relative poses of the individual cameras and the relative poses of the cameras and the laserscanners have to be known. In this manuscript, we present a calibration methodology for the Unified Intrinsic and Extrinsic Calibration of a Multi-Camera-System and a Laserscanner (UCalMiCeL). The innovation of this methodology, which is an extension to the calibration of a single camera to a line laserscanner, is an unifying bundle adjustment step to ensure an optimal calibration of the entire sensor system. We use generic camera models, including pinhole, omnidirectional and fisheye cameras. For our approach, the laserscanner and each camera have to share a joint field of view, whereas the fields of view of the individual cameras may be disjoint. The calibration approach is tested with a sensor system consisting of two fisheye cameras and a line laserscanner with a range measuring accuracy of 30 mm. We evaluate the estimated relative poses between the cameras quantitatively by using an additional calibration approach for Multi-Camera-Systems based on control points which are accurately measured by a motion capture system. In the experiments, our novel calibration method achieves a relative pose estimation with a deviation below 1.8° and 6.4 mm.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Against Housefly, Musca Domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

The synthesis of nanomaterials is currently one of the most active in nanoscience branches; especially those help improve the human quality life. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an example of this as it is known to have inhibitory and bactericidal effects and as one of the famous metal nanomaterials in broad Sectors especially in agriculture. It was synthesized by a chemical method and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, TEM, and SEM in this present study. The nanoparticles were ranged between 20-50 nm and the shape seem grain with rough ends. The larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles AgNPs were tested against the third instar larvae of housefly, M. domestica. Six concentrations were used over two different application methods (Dipping and Feeding methods) under laboratory conditions. In general, it was noticed that the larvicidal effects based on LC50 of either method against the housefly. The LC50 value for AgNPs was 45.5 mg/ml by feeding method in a different concentration (60,40,32,24,16,8 µg/ml). Data showed the moderate effect in larval mortality % and high effect of inhibition of pupation% and inhibition of adult emergence%. Furthermore, the treatment caused some morphological effects such; abnormalities of larvae and pupae, larval pupal intermediates, deformed adult with crumpled wings. Also, some
Modelling the Effect of Turbulence Length Scale on Tidal Turbine Wakes using Advanced Turbulence Models

A numerical model using a hybrid turbulence model has been created for a 1/20th scale horizontal axis tidal stream turbine in a recirculating flume. In order to asses the suitability of the hybrid turbulence model for this application, the numerical model was validated against an experimental case, and the ability of the model to reproduce both the wake and performance of the turbine was evaluated. The hybrid model showed a greatly improved ability to predict wake recovery compared to a two-equation Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence model, as well as improvements in the prediction of load fluctuations on the turbine. The hybrid model was then used to examine the effects of ambient turbulence length scale on the rate of wake recovery and indicates that the wake of a turbine is sensitive to turbulence length scale in a way not seen with the RANS model.
Stock Market Development and Economic Growth in Zimbabwe

The main purpose of this study was to explore the causal link between stock market development and economic growth in Zimbabwe using annual time series data for the period 1980 to 2008. The study evaluated the nature of the relationship between stock market development and economic growth in Zimbabwe. The stock market development was measured using two variables namely stock market size as measured by stock market capitalization as a ratio of GDP and stock market turnover as measured by the value of stocks traded as a ratio of stock market capitalisation. The study utilised advanced econometric techniques of Unit Root Tests, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Granger Causality Tests to explore the relationships. The empirical results showed a uni-directional causal link that runs from stock market development to economic growth and there is evidence of an indirect transmission mechanism through the effect of stock market development on investment.
Retrospective Assessment of Black Leg in Kafta Humera Woreda

Retrospective study was conducted with the objective of assessing the vaccination coverage of Kafta Humera through observation of different woredas against black leg from records of the Humera veterinary clinic in Tigray region of Ethiopia, from 207/8-2012/13. The result revealed that there was vaccination program against black leg every year in the woreda. At the same time, there was a reduction in diseased animals and death rate from time to time. But there are some cases still existing with high rates of infection in Begait cattle (a breed common in northern Ethiopia). This indicates that the disease is still persisting in the area and strengthening the existing vaccination program and immediate detection of diseased animals and treating them is essential to mitigate the disease in the area. Keywords : Black leg, Humera, Cattle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for neonatal sepsis

Background: Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal mortality. Isolation of bacteria from blood is the most specific and standard method used to diagnose neonatal sepsis. The drawback of culture-based diagnosis is the 24–48 hour assay time. Procalcitonin (PCT) has high specificity and positive predictive values. Thus, the current study was undertaken to investigate the released serum-procalcitonin as a biomarker for predicting neonatal sepsis among newly born infants. Subjects and Methods: A case-control study design was set to perform the underlying work. Forty-five neonates were included in this study. Blood samples were collected and processed for laboratory investigations and culture. Laboratory investigations included complete blood picture, blood culture and PCT. Results: Positive blood cultures were detected in all cases of the confirmed sepsis group (100%) and 66.66% of cases of the suspected sepsis group. The ROC curve analysis, used to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum procalcitonin depending on the area under the curves (AUC), showed a very high AUC (91.7%) corresponds to a better diagnostic test. The optimum cut off value of PCT (<0.05 ng/ml) was with a corresponding sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 83.33%, a positive predictive value (100%), and a negative predictive value (74.99%). Conclusion: The current findings showed high sensitivity and specificity of the PCT test for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. The results so far are very encouraging and may suggest that shortly the PCT may be used routinely for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and can provide a lifesaving approach for newborns.
Anti-fungal activity of Aloe vera: In vitro study

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-fungal activity of Aloe vera extract on Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: Extract from A. vera fruit was tested for anti-fungal activity via in vitro study at various concentrations using the disc diffusion method. Results: A. vera extract at 1000 μg/ml concentration effectively inhibited the growth of C. albicans (14 mm) compared with the positive control-amphotericin B (15 mm). It was found to be a dose-dependent reaction. Conclusion: A. vera displayed good anti-fungal effect on C. albicans and the inhibitory effect varied with concentration.
Characterization of submicron aerosols during a month of serious pollution in Beijing, 2013

Abstract. In January 2013, Beijing experienced several serious haze events. To achieve a better understanding of the characteristics, sources and processes of aerosols during this month, an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed at an urban site between 1 January and 1 February 2013 to obtain the size-resolved chemical composition of non-refractory submicron particles (NR-PM1). During this period, the mean measured NR-PM1 mass concentration was 89.3 ± 85.6 μg m−3, and it peaked at 423 μg m−3. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) differentiated the organic aerosol into five components, including a highly oxidized, low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA), a less oxidized, semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), a coal combustion OA (CCOA), a cooking-related OA (COA), and a hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), which on average accounted for 28%, 26%, 15%, 20% and 11% of the total organic mass, respectively. A detailed comparison between the polluted days and unpolluted days found many interesting results. First, the organic fraction was the most important NR-PM1 species during the unpolluted days (58%), while inorganic species were dominant on polluted days (59%). The OA composition also experienced a significant change; it was dominated by primary OA (POA), including COA, HOA and CCOA, on unpolluted days. The contribution of secondary OA (SOA) increased from 35% to 63% between unpolluted and polluted days. Second, meteorological effects played an important role in the heavy pollution in this month and differed significantly between the two types of days. The temperature and relative humidity (RH) were all increased on polluted days and the wind speed and air pressure were decreased. Third, the diurnal variation trend in NR-PM1 species and OA components showed some differences between the two types of days, and the OA was more highly oxidized on polluted days. Fourth, the effects of air masses were significantly different between the two types of days; air was mainly transported from contaminated areas on the polluted days. The comparison also found that the aerosol was more acidic on polluted days. Additionally, the variation trends of the mass concentration and mass fractions of NR-PM1 species and OA components were more dramatic when the NR-PM1 mass loading was at a higher level. The serious pollution observed in this month can be attributed to the synergy of unfavorable meteorological factors, the transport of air masses from high-pollution areas, emission by local sources, and other factors.
Forecasting with Factor Models: A Bayesian Model Averaging Perspective

We use Bayesian factor regression models to construct a financial conditions index (FCI) for the U.S. Within this context we develop Bayesian model averaging methods that allow the data to select which variables should be included in the FCI or not. We also examine the importance of different sources of instability in the factors, such as stochastic volatility and structural breaks. Our results indicate that ignoring structural breaks in the loadings can be quite costly in terms of the forecasting performance of the FCI. Additionally, Bayesian model averaging can improve in specific cases the performance of the FCI, by means of discarding irrelevant financial variables during the estimation of the factor.
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials in Decontamination of Water Process

Water pollution is the main threat that confronts humanity today. The daily human activity introduces different pollutants in hydric sources that modify water quality. This represents a high production of water that is not appropriate for different applications like human consumption. Among the water pollutants more common are dyes, herbicides, pesticides, alkanes, halo alkanes, aliphatic compounds, alcohols, carboxylic acids, aromatic compounds, detergents, surfactants, inorganic compounds (heavy metals), harmful gases, and pathogenic bacteria (bacteria and virus). These pollutants can be found in underground and surface water, and therefore can produce adverse effects on the environment and human health. These effluents can be treated with different procedures such as biological and chemical treatments, among others. However, in some cases, these processes are not appropriate for compliance legisla‐ tion. Thus, adsorption with special materials such as carbon aerogels and advance oxidation processes such as photocatalysis are widely studied nowadays.
DETERMINING PLANE-SWEEP SAMPLING POINTS IN IMAGE SPACE USING THE CROSS-RATIO FOR IMAGE-BASED DEPTH ESTIMATION

Abstract. With the emergence of small consumer Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), the importance and interest of image-based depth estimation and model generation from aerial images has greatly increased in the photogrammetric society. In our work, we focus on algorithms that allow an online image-based dense depth estimation from video sequences, which enables the direct and live structural analysis of the depicted scene. Therefore, we use a multi-view plane-sweep algorithm with a semi-global matching (SGM) optimization which is parallelized for general purpose computation on a GPU (GPGPU), reaching sufficient performance to keep up with the key-frames of input sequences. One important aspect to reach good performance is the way to sample the scene space, creating plane hypotheses. A small step size between consecutive planes, which is needed to reconstruct details in the near vicinity of the camera may lead to ambiguities in distant regions, due to the perspective projection of the camera. Furthermore, an equidistant sampling with a small step size produces a large number of plane hypotheses, leading to high computational effort. To overcome these problems, we present a novel methodology to directly determine the sampling points of plane-sweep algorithms in image space. The use of the perspective invariant cross-ratio allows us to derive the location of the sampling planes directly from the image data. With this, we efficiently sample the scene space, achieving higher sampling density in areas which are close to the camera and a lower density in distant regions. We evaluate our approach on a synthetic benchmark dataset for quantitative evaluation and on a real-image dataset consisting of aerial imagery. The experiments reveal that an inverse sampling achieves equal and better results than a linear sampling, with less sampling points and thus less runtime. Our algorithm allows an online computation of depth maps for subsequences of five frames, provided that the relative poses between all frames are given.
Commuting simplicity and closure constraints for 4D spin-foam models

Spin-foam models are supposed to be discretized path integrals for quantum gravity constructed from the Plebanski–Holst action. The reason for there being several models currently under consideration is that no consensus has been reached for how to implement the simplicity constraints. Indeed, none of these models strictly follows from the original path integral with commuting B fields, rather, by some nonstandard manipulations one always ends up with non-commuting B fields and the simplicity constraints become in fact anomalous which is the source for there being several inequivalent strategies to circumvent the associated problems. In this paper, we construct a new Euclidian spin-foam model which is constructed by standard methods from the Plebanski–Holst path integral with commuting B fields discretized on a 4D simplicial complex. The resulting model differs from the current ones in several aspects, one of them being that the closure constraint needs special care. Only when dropping the closure constraint by hand and only in the large spin limit can the vertex amplitudes of this model be related to those of the FKγ model but even then the face and edge amplitude differ. Interestingly, a non-commutative deformation of the BIJ variables leads from our new model to the Barrett–Crane model in the case of γ = ∞.
Constrained enrichment contributes to hypoxia formation in Long Bay, South Carolina (USA), an open water urbanized coastline

Hypoxic episodes in the shallow nearshore waters of Long Bay, South Carolina, USA, an open coast embayment on the South Atlantic Bight, have been observed on a number of occasions during the summer months from 2004 to 2009, with the most pronounced ones occurring in July of 2004 and August and September of 2009. We present a synthesis of data that included time-series oxygen measurements, synoptic surveys of water quality and oxygen consumption rates, and circulation numerical modeling aimed at explaining these hypoxic events. Periods of hypoxia coincide with coastal upwelling conditions (i.e. winds from the southwest and colder bottom waters). Field flow data and numerical simulations confirmed that these conditions create onshore-directed bottom flows. The latter also showed that this onshore water intrusion can penetrate into very shallow waters (5 to 7 m depth) and is separated from the very shallow waters by a mixing front. Nutrient and organic matter concentrations, especially the particulate forms, were higher in the nearshore (~0.3 km from the coastline) compared to offshore (2 to 3 km from the coastline) waters, while dissolved oxygen concentrations tended to increase with distance from shore. Oxygen consumption rates via water-column respiration were highly variable (5.6 to 73.6 μg O2 l−1 h−1), but showed significant correlations with spatial variability in particulate nutrient and organic matter concentrations. These observational and modeling results suggest that occurrences of low dissolved oxygen in Long Bay result from regional oceanographic processes that constrain water masses to the nearshore and thus prevent the wider dispersion of local terrestrial inputs. The resulting enhanced material concentrations stimulate heterotrophic oxygen demand, leading to hypoxia in the immediate nearshore waters.
THERMAL CONVECTION IN WALTERS ’ B ′ VISCOELASTIC FLUID IN A DARCY – BRINKMAN POROUS MEDIUM WITH EFFECT OF DUSTY PARTICLES

The problem of convection of compressible walters‟B′ viscoelastic fluid in a Darcy – Brinkman porous medium with effect of dusty particles is considered . By applying normal mode analysis method, the dispersion relation has been derived and solved analytically. It has been found that the medium permeability, dusty particles, gravity field and viscoelasticity introduce oscillatory modes. For stationary convection, it is found that the Darcy number has stabilizing effect whereas the dusty particles and medium permeability has destabilizing effects on the system. The effect of dusty particles, Darcy number and medium permeability have also been shown graphically.
Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) on the reproduction of male mice (Mus musculus)

The effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. on the reproduction in male mice were studied. Twenty four male ICR mice divided equally into four groups were administered with the hexane extract of the leaves of M. oleifera by gavage at doses of 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/30 g BW daily for 21 days. The vehicle corn oil was used as control. Data on body weights, weights of reproductive organs, diameter of seminiferous tubule, stage of maturity, and levels of serum luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were obtained and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Significant findings were: increased weights of testis (at medium and high doses); epididymis (at all doses); seminal vesicle (at the high dose) and also increased seminiferous tubule diameter (at all doses); increased thickness of epididymal wall (at medium and high doses); higher score for lumen formation (at the high dose) and epididymal maturity (at all doses). No significant effects on the level of the 2 hormones were obtained.
Resonance and trapping of topographic transient ocean waves generated by a moving atmospheric disturbance

Proudman resonance amplifies the oceanic forced wave beneath moving atmospheric pressure disturbances. The amplification varies with water depth; consequently, the forced wave beneath a disturbance crossing topography radiates transient free waves. Transients are shown to magnify the effects of Proudman resonance for disturbances crossing the coast or shelf at particular angles. A Snell like reflection law gives rise to a type of resonance for relatively slow moving disturbances crossing a coast in an otherwise flat-bottomed ocean. This occurs for translation speeds less than the shallow water wave speed for disturbances approaching the coast at a critical angle given by the inverse sine of the Froude number of the disturbance. A disturbance crossing the shelf at particular angles can also excite seiche modes of the shelf via generation of a transient at the continental slope. Beyond a typically small angle of incidence, transients generated by a disturbance crossing the continental slope and coast will be trapped on the shelf by internal reflection. The refraction law for a fast-moving forced wave crossing an ocean ridge at greater than a small angle of incidence also results in trapped free-wave transients with tsunami-like periods propagating along the ridge. The subcritical resonance, excitation of shelf modes and trapping of the transients may have implications for storm surges and the generation of destructive meteotsunami.
Sequence heterogeneity of the envelope -like domain in the Egyptian cotton Gossypium barbadense

The current study aimed to investigate the evolution of env-like sequences in the Egyptian cotton Gossypium barbadense. DNA sequence determination and analysis of env-like sequences revealed that these sequences are heterogeneous in G. barbadense. The observed sequence diversity, however, seems to preserve the coding information. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that plant env-like sequences group together, suggesting their monophyletic origin. Gossypium env-like sequences are, however, more closely related to elements present in other plant species. Our result suggests that envlike sequences in cotton have evolved under functional constraint and likely to play a role in the life cycle of these elements.