Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric Morbidity of Attempted Suicide Patients Admitted To A General Hospital In Rural Area Of South India

Background: The number of suicides in India during the last decade has recorded an increase of 25.0%. Suicide attempt rates are found to be higher than rates for completed suicides. This study is aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic profile and psychiatric morbidity in attempted suicide patients. Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Dr. PSIMS & RF hospital, a general hospital, in rural region of Krishna district, South India. 150 consecutive cases of attempted suicide were recruited for the study. Structured proforma containing sociodemographic variables and suicide attempt data was administered. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I. Plus) was applied to assess the psychiatric disorder and the diagnosis was confirmed using ICD 10. Results: Majority of the suicide attempters were <30 years of age (67%), men (62%), education below or up to 7 th std. (69%), married (57%), low socioeconomic status (62%) and employed (61%), used oral agents (97%) and made an impulsive attempt (72%). Domestic quarrel (48%) and relationship issues (23%) were the major reasons for attempt. 59% suffered from a psychiatric disorder and major depressive episode (28%) was found to be most common diagnosed disorders. Conclusion: The presence of psychiatric morbidity was observed to confer a considerable risk of suicide. Keywords - attempted suicide, psychiatric morbidity
A Novel Liposomal Formulation of Dithranol for Psoriasis: Preliminary Results

We have prepared a novel, aqueous gel‐based, liposome‐entrapped formulation of dithranol. Herein, we report preliminary observations on its efficacy, tolerability, and cosmetic acceptability in treating stable plaque psoriasis. Nineteen plaques of psoriasis in nine adult patients were treated for six weeks in a prospective, open‐label trial. In five patients, there was total clearance of lesions, with more than 50% subsidence in a further two patients. Significantly, there were no reports of lesional or perilesional irritation, and only one patient showed faint brown staining of the skin, which was completely and rapidly reversible. These preliminary results indicate that our liposomal dithranol gel has potential advantages over presently available preparations of dithranol; these may translate into enhanced acceptance of this useful drug by patients and physicians.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: diffusion-tensor and chemical shift MR imaging at 3.0 T.

PURPOSE To prospectively determine whether diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in conjunction with two-dimensional chemical shift imaging can assist in identifying upper motor neuron involvement and whether disease severity and duration can be predicted based on imaging parameters in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. Fifteen patients with ALS (12 men, three women; mean age, 57.3 years) with clinical evidence of upper motor neuron involvement and 10 healthy control subjects (five men and five women; mean age, 49.4 years) were studied. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured from the corticospinal tracts at the level of the internal capsule. Average N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine-phosphocreatine (Cr) and NAA/choline-containing compounds (Cho) ratios were calculated from the precentral gyrus. Student t test, multiple linear regression analysis, and Spearman correlation coefficients were employed to quantify relationships between imaging and clinical parameters. RESULTS Patients with ALS exhibited significantly reduced FA values and NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios compared with values in control subjects (P<.05) for both affected and nonaffected sides of the brain. ADC was elevated significantly in the affected side (P<.05) and was an independent predictor of disease duration after adjusting for age; however, FA values and NAA/Cr ratios for the affected side were even stronger predictors of disease duration. Moderate but statistically significant correlation was found between the FA values for the affected side and the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R) score (r=0.51, P<.05). The NAA/Cr ratio also correlated with both the ALSFRS-R and upper motor neuron scores (r=0.50 and 0.54, respectively; P<.05). CONCLUSION Diffusion-tensor and two-dimensional chemical shift MR imaging spectroscopy can be used to identify upper motor neuron involvement and predict disease duration in patients with ALS.
ESTIMATING NON-BREEDING SEASON BIRD ABUNDANCE IN PRAIRIES: A COMPARISON OF TWO SURVEY TECHNIQUES

Abstract Surveying birds during the non-breeding season in prairie environments can be difficult because birds are less visible and vocal during this period than they are during the breeding season. We compared the effectiveness of using fixed-radius point counts and rope-dragging transects for surveying non-breeding birds and determining their relative abundances in the Florida Everglades, from November 1997 through January 1998. Effort (person work hours) was compared using species-effort and abundance-effort curves. Relative abundances of total birds, American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), and Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) were greater using transects. Abundances of other common species were similar using both techniques. More species were detected on transects than on point counts. When considering effort involved, transects detected more total species, but point counts detected a greater total number of birds. Overall, transects took more effort to cover similar amounts of habitat. Differences in detection using these two techniques may be attributed to species-specific behaviors. Research focused on non-breeding season bird communities should consider using rope-dragging transects in appropriate habitat because point counts may underestimate abundances of some species.
Proto Design Practice: translating design thinking practices to organizational settings

The nature of services is becoming complex, indeterminate and often transformational and hence designed solutions need to allow for continuous and ongoing evolution by building up organizational capacity for sustained innovation. Design thinking practices are known to be effective at generating innovative outcomes in cross-functional, multi-stakeholder and indeterminate scenarios. However, they are also met with resistance to change due to deep rooted and established work practices and culture within organizations. Building on theoretical guidelines from practice theory, organizational studies and HCI literature related to practices, learning and innovation, this paper introduces ‘proto design practice’. Proto design practice is a practice-based approach for organizational settings that allows for the translation of design thinking practices in the context of communities’ work practice and consequently allows proto-practices to emerge. The proposed approach is showcased in a case study where design thinking was introduced in the context of an academic library.
Mode of function of biological anti-TNF agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

TNF-α has been identified as a major mediator in the pathophysiology of inflammation. Anti-TNF agents, either as a neutralising antibody or a soluble TNF receptor, have markedly influenced the clinical management of several chronic inflammatory disorders. Whereas it seems likely that neutralisation of soluble and membrane-bound TNF might be a key mechanism of any anti-TNF agent, the potential of the anti-TNF antibody infliximab to induce lymphocyte/monocyte apoptosis in Crohn's disease has been considered an additional important mechanism. Other potential mode of actions include induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 or TGF-β via retrograde signalling or induction of a certain subset of regulatory T cells. Certolizumab, a pegylated fully human anti-TNF monoclonal antibody also effective in Crohn's disease, lacks the capacity to induce apoptosis. Therefore, the capacity to induce apoptosis and neutralisation of TNF alone are insufficient to explain clinical efficacy of anti-TNF agents in human inflammatory bowel diseases.
Segmentation and Analysis of Retinal Vascular Tree from Fundus Images Processing

From a fundus image, the system proposed in this paper automatically detects retinal vessels and measures some geometrical properties on them such as caliber and bifurcation angles. Its goal is to establish objective relations between different vessels, thus being able to determine cardiovascular risk or other diseases, as well as to monitor their progression and response to different treatments. The proposed approach is mainly based on mathematical morphology although also incorporates curvature evaluation for the detection of retinal vascular tree. This method has been validated on a public database improving the results of previous published methods.
The two-compound formulation of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate for treatment of moderately severe body and scalp psoriasis – an introduction

Abstract Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease and many patients require lifelong treatment. Characteristic scaly, itchy, unsightly psoriatic lesions affect many body areas and most patients commonly experience scalp involvement. The cosmetic embarrassment of visible body lesions, inaccessibility of scalp skin to application of therapies and proximity of sensitive facial skin add to the challenges of most patients managing their psoriasis long term. Psoriasis can severely impact patients’ quality of life. This can impact significantly on the patient. In economic terms patients may incur increased out-of-pocket expenditure or extended time away from work as a direct consequence of psoriasis, particularly in severe cases; In many countries, specialist review of patients provides pressures on hard-pressed services and the costs of psoriasis care are substantial, particularly in patients with severe recalcitrant psoriasis which may require lengthy inpatient admission. Around 80% of patients with psoriasis have mild to moderately severe disease and the majority are treated with topical medicines by their physician in primary care. Despite the availability of a wide range of treatment options, regimens have been unsatisfactory, associated with patient dissatisfaction, poor compliance and often safety concerns with long-term use. Evidence-based clinical guidelines aim to improve healthcare of patients and while there are such guidelines for psoriasis, to date the challenges of (and recommendations for) managing scalp psoriasis are often limited or missing from these treatment guidelines. In the following in-journal supplement, a connected suite of five papers focus on the use of topical therapies for the treatment of the person afflicted with psoriasis. This work harnesses robust evidence from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of topical therapies commonly used in psoriasis patients and translates this into recommendations for the most appropriate treatment of patients with body or scalp psoriasis, from an efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness perspective. Based upon systematic review and harnessing ‘state of the art’ evidence assessment methodologies, the modelling work suggests that the use of a two-compound formulation (TCF) product of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate is the most appropriate treatment option for both body and scalp psoriasis. This Editorial acknowledges the results of any modelling exercise have limitations; indeed such limitations are acknowledged in each modelling contribution in this issue. With these caveats in mind, this introductory paper considers the implications of this research and distillation of the evidence. This work should guide cost-effective treatment choices for body and scalp psoriasis, assist in recommendations for management of scalp psoriasis in future iterations of psoriasis clinical guidelines and help primary care physicians striving to attain best outcomes in the care of the person with psoriasis.
Somatic dysfunction during carisoprodol cessation: evidence for a carisoprodol withdrawal syndrome

Abstract Carisoprodol is a commonly used skeletal muscle relaxant with potential for abuse because of its active metabolite, meprobamate, and several reports have suggested that patients abruptly stopping intake of carisoprodol may have a withdrawal syndrome. The authors studied changes in the occurrence of somatic dysfunctions in five patients during an 8-day period following discontinuation from large doses of carisoprodol. Results showed that the number of somatic dysfunctions changed significantly during the withdrawal period. Each patient had an increase in the number of somatic dysfunctions during the first 3 days after cessation of carisoprodol with return to at or near baseline by the eighth day. This was reflected statistically in a significant-within-subjects effect for time. Results of supplemental analyses revealed a significant component of the effect and a trend for the quadratic component to be significant. Increases in the number of somatic dysfunctions during carisoprodol discontinuation support the existence of a carisoprodol withdrawal syndrome.
RED CELL SUPEROXIDE DISMUT ASE IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT LIVER DISEASES By

Superoxide dismutase (SODs, superoxide oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.15.1.1.) activity has been estimated in red blood cells from patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Erythrocytes supcroxide dismutase activity from patients with liver cirrhosis was found to be significantly higher than normal, while its activity was not significantly raised in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. These observations reflect overproduction Dux of superoxidc radical (0 2) which leads to increased SOD activity. If the liver tissues reach the hepatocellular carcinoma stage subsequent damage of mitochondrial membranes, a lack of 0 2 production occurs, therefore a lack of mitochondrial enzymes, including SOD occurs. Accordingly, the assay of SOD can be used to follow-up malignant transformation of liver tissues. INTRODUCTION The recent advances in immunology provided important information for the characterization of different liver disorders. However, enzyme assay is another area of progress in liver disorders. The interest in the study of enzyme marker is not only due to technical improvements but also to the involvement of enzyme assay which combines traditional and the more recently developed tcchinqucs in liver diseases. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) arc a family of enzymes which their substrate is unstable toxic free radical produced as a by333 product of oxidative metabolism. These enzymes protect cells by catalyzing the dismutation of the superoxide radical (02) to hydrogen peroxide (H2 02) (1).
Potential Molecular Mechanism of Probiotics in Alcoholic Liver Disease

Alcohol consumption and its abuse are significant prevalent cause for liver diseases and death worldwide. Increased bacterial endotoxin in the portal circulation, the plasma ratio of liver enzymes like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride implies the symbiotic relation between the gut and liver plays a key function in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Consumption of alcohol leads to gut dysbiosis and informalities of the intestinal barrier, hyper gut permeability, oxidative stress, inflammation and adversely affect adipose tissue metabolism, and those are mainly recognized as major factors for progression of alcoholic liver disease. Alteration of gut microbiota is referred to as bacterial overgrowth which leads to the release of bacterial products to change in commercial/pathogenic microbiota equilibrium. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived inflammatory signal renders inflammation in alcoholic liver disease. Increase in concentration of lipopolysaccharide leads to activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and alteration in micro RNA (miRNA) expression at the transcription level. Activation of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) pathways eventually produces pro inflammatory cytokine activation that is an important mediator of alcoholic liver disease. However, there is no effectual Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment for any stage of alcoholic liver disease. Thus, the potential therapeutic approach for alcoholic liver disease is restoration and alteration of gut microbiota. With the increasing importance of gut microbiota in the onset and occurrence of a variety of diseases, the potential use of probiotics in ALD is receiving more exploration and clinical attention. Probiotic administration is nontoxic, inexpensive and noninvasive strategy with minimal side effects compared to antibiotic therapy and surgery. Yet, there is no substantial evidence on the efficient molecular mechanism regarding mode of action of probiotics on ALD as therapeutics. This review summarizes the research done on gut liver-axis and potential mechanism of probiotic in alcoholic liver disease.
Poverty, violence and depression during pregnancy: a survey of mothers attending a public hospital in Brazil

Background. Depression in women is associated with social deprivation and violence. We describe the prevalence and risk factors for depression during pregnancy, in particular the association with poverty and violence, in a Brazilian setting. Method. A cross-sectional survey of women in the third trimester of pregnancy attending a public hospital maternity clinic from August 2003 to July 2004 in Rio de Janeiro. Participants were interviewed about their sociodemographic status, obstetric and medical conditions, substance use, stressful life events, and social support. Depression was diagnosed through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Results. A total of 230 of 240 eligible women consented to participate. The 12-month prevalence of depression was 19·1% (95% CI 14·4–24·9). On multivariate analyses, having been educated beyond primary school was protective (OR 0·5, 95% CI 0·2–0·9). Risk factors were: being divorced or widowed (OR 4·9, 95% CI 1·3–18·3); a history of depression before pregnancy (OR 7·9, 95% CI 3·1–20·5); loss of an intimate relationship (OR 8·4, 95% CI 3·3–21·4), experienced financial difficulties (OR 6·6, 95% CI 2·5–17·2) and having been exposed to violence in the previous year (OR 4·2, 95% CI 1·5–11·8). Conclusions. Depression is common during pregnancy and is associated with indicators of socio-economic deprivation, violence and the loss of an intimate relationship, and with a previous history of depression. Psychosocial interventions and appropriate social policies need to be implemented in this population to reduce the burden of maternal depression.
Phosphorylation of Enabled by the DrosophilaAbelson Tyrosine Kinase Regulates the In Vivo Function and Protein-Protein Interactions of Enabled

ABSTRACT Drosophila Enabled (Ena) is a member of a family of cytoskeleton-associated proteins including mammalian vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein and murine Enabled that regulate actin cytoskeleton assembly. Mutations in Drosophila enawere discovered as dominant genetic suppressors of mutations in the Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl), suggesting that Ena and Abl function in the same pathway or process. We have identified six tyrosine residues on Ena that are phosphorylated by Abl in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of these phosphorylation sites to phenylalanine partially impaired the ability of Ena to restore viability to ena mutant animals, indicating that phosphorylation is required for optimal Ena function. Phosphorylation of Ena by Abl inhibited the binding of Ena to SH3 domains in vitro, suggesting that one effect of Ena phosphorylation may be to modulate its association with other proteins.
Late onset left ventricular dysfunction and cardiomyopathy induced with ibrutinib

Introduction Ibrutinib, an oral inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, has altered the treatment perspective of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and showed modest activity against several types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. According to phase studies and real-world data, reported serious adverse effects included atrial fibrillation, diarrhea, and bleeding diathesis. However, heart failure was not reported to be a probable adverse effect linked with ibrutinib. Case report In this paper, we present a 66-year-old female chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient who developed significant and symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction at the 13th month of ibrutinib treatment. Management and outcome Following cessation of ibrutinib, ejection fraction and clinical findings of the left ventricular dysfunction alleviated. Discussion Although the use of ibrutinib is generally well tolerated, cardiac functions should be monitored occasionally in all patients.
Clinical outcome of children with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated between 1995 and 2005.

PURPOSE In a previous analysis of 326 children with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) -positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated between 1986 and 1996, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation from HLA-matched related donors, but not from unrelated donors, offered a superior outcome than chemotherapy alone. To evaluate the impact of recent improvements in chemotherapy and transplantation, we performed a similar analysis on patients treated in the following decade. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 610 patients with Ph-positive ALL treated between 1995 and 2005 without tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. The median follow-up duration was 6.3 years. RESULTS Complete remission was achieved in 89% of patients. The 7-year event-free survival and overall survival rates were superior in the present cohort compared with the previous cohort (32.0% ± 2.0% v 25.0% ± 3.0, respectively, P = .007; and 44.9% ± 2.2% v 36.0% ± 3.0%, respectively, P = .017). Compared with chemotherapy alone, transplantation with matched related donors or unrelated donors in first remission (325 patients) showed an advantage with increasing follow-up, suggesting greater protection against late relapses (hazard ratio at 5 years, 0.37; P < .001). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis accounting for treatment (transplantation v no transplantation), age, leukocyte count, and early response had independent impact on treatment outcome. CONCLUSION Clinical outcome of children and adolescents with Ph-positive ALL has improved with advances in transplantation and chemotherapy. Transplantations with matched related donors and unrelated donors were equivalent and offered better disease control compared with chemotherapy alone. Age, leukocyte count, and early treatment response were independent prognostic indicators. The results of this study will serve as a historical reference to evaluate the therapeutic impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the outcome of Ph-positive ALL.