Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Global Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality Patterns Related to Country-Specific Economic Development and Prevention Strategies?

Purpose There remains considerable international variation in breast cancer incidence and mortality, but a comprehensive examination of rates by country level economic, development and cancer prevention policies is lacking. Materials and Methods We compared GLOBOCAN 2012 age-specific breast cancer incidence and mortality rates for 177 countries by using development and policy data available from the WHO Global Cancer Country Profiles data base. We classified each country on the basis of gross national income per capita from the World Development Indicators data base, as follows: low-income country (LIC), lower-middle–income country (LMIC), upper-middle–income country (UMIC), and high-income country (HIC). Results There were 1,651,326 breast cancer cases and 516,868 breast cancer deaths estimated in 2012. Approximately three quarters of all breast cancer cases and 60% of the breast cancer deaths were in women from HICs and UMICs. Age and country-level income explained approximately 60% of the international variation in breast cancer incidence and mortality in women of all ages (adjusted R2 = 58% and 60%, respectively). Economic development indicators additionally increased the overall variation in incidence and mortality by approximately 5%. In women younger than age 50 years, country-level income explained 68% of incidence and 59% of mortality; economic development indicators additionally increased this percentage by approximately 4%. Country-level cancer prevention policy indicators contributed little to explanation of the overall variation in incidence and mortality after analysis accounted for age and country-level income; however, an overall resource summary index of greater economic development and cancer prevention policies was related to lower mortality within each major income level. Conclusion Although breast cancer incidence increases with higher income levels in all ages, women in the poorest countries bear a relatively higher burden of breast cancer mortality, particularly women younger than age 50 years.
Work engagement among participants of residency and professional development programs in nursing.

OBJECTIVE to assess the levels of engagement at work of nurses enrolled in multi-professional residency and professional development programs in health care of a Brazilian public institution. METHOD a cross-sectional study with 36 professionals. The data were collected in September 2013, with use of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), composed of seventeen self-evaluation items with the dimensions vigor, dedication and absorption, as well as an overall score. RESULTS the levels of engagement ranged from 3.8 to 4.3, and the standard deviations, between 1.1 and 1.3. Nurses showed average levels on vigor (3.8) and absorption (3.9) dimensions, and high levels on dedication (4,3) and engagement (4.0). CONCLUSION the professionals presented good levels of energy, resilience, enthusiasm and involvement with the work. They are satisfied with the activity and are dedicated to it, which promotes the acquisition of skills and competences along the in-service training, ensuring a future professional practice of quality.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in the US Population (2011-2012)

Introduction 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, is a lipid-soluble compound that plays a significant role in clinical medicine due to its potent effects on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Since foods containing natural vitamin D are rare, the primary source of the compound remains its nonenzymatic dermal synthesis through exposure to ultraviolet rays in sunlight. Although uncommon in most developed countries, recent literature has demonstrated that subclinical vitamin D deficiency can exist in certain populations and plays a role in downstream clinical consequences, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and fractures. This study aims to identify the prevalence and change in the pattern of vitamin D deficiency in subpopulations throughout the United States to provide a foundation for further clinical studies correlating the clinical outcomes to vitamin deficiency. Methods Data analyzed in this study were collected through National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), specifically from a population of 4962 participants, age ≥20 years, who were hospitalized between 2011 and 2012. This cohort was stratified to divide the population into patients that were vitamin D sufficient (>50 nmol/L) versus patients who were vitamin D deficient (50 nmol/L). The risk factors were compared between the subpopulations in 2005-2006 and 2011-2012. Conclusions The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is greater in certain clinical subpopulations, and the presence of associated characteristics should raise the index of suspicion for the practicing clinician with regard to conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency, such as osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Further research investigating the pathophysiology of hypovitaminosis D and its clinical consequences can help better understand and prevent the development of associated comorbidities.
Super-Resolution Channel Estimation for MmWave Massive MIMO With Hybrid Precoding

Channel estimation is challenging for millimeter-wave massive MIMO with hybrid precoding, since the number of radio frequency chains is much smaller than that of antennas. Conventional compressive sensing based channel estimation schemes suffer from severe resolution loss due to the channel angle quantization. To improve the channel estimation accuracy, we propose an iterative reweight-based superresolution channel estimation scheme in this paper. By optimizing an objective function through the gradient descent method, the proposed scheme can iteratively move the estimated angle of arrivals/departures towards the optimal solutions, and finally realize the superresolution channel estimation. In the optimization, a weight parameter is used to control the tradeoff between the sparsity and the data fitting error. In addition, a singular value decomposition-based preconditioning is developed to reduce the computational complexity of the proposed scheme. Simulation results verify the better performance of the proposed scheme than conventional solutions.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Cited Articles on Hepatic Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The purpose of this study is to guide the readers to the impact of the articles published on hepatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We searched Scopus using 10 different search terms for hepatic MRI. The selected studies were thoroughly reviewed by two independent authors and any disagreement was sorted out by mutual consensus. The list of articles and journals was downloaded into an excel spreadsheet. Only the top 100 cited articles were selected by mutual consensus among all the authors. These articles were further read in the full-text form and were further categorized into subgroups. Three authors independently reviewed the top 100 selected articles, and subsequently data was extracted from them and analyzed. Our study showed that the highest number of top 100 cited articles on hepatic MRI were from Radiology (30 articles) followed by European Radiology (14 articles). The American Journal of Roentgenology, Radiographics, and Journal of Magnetic Resonance had seven articles each. The United States had the highest number of articles by region. Nineteen other journals contributed only one article each to the list of top 100 cited articles. The contribution of authors to the top 100 cited articles was reviewed; all the authors contributing with more than two articles to the highly cited articles are given in Table 3 in the supplementary material. The maximum number of articles were published during 2009 (14 articles), and for a five-year period, the maximum contribution was made during 2008-2013 (44 articles). Our analysis gives an insight on the frequency of citations of top articles on hepatic MRI, categorizes the subtopics, the timeline of the publications, and contributions from different geographic distributions.
Quality of life of patients with schizophrenia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An observational study

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is a novel and holistic parameter in measuring health outcome. Recently, the concept is gaining importance as an outcome measure in illnesses, with a chronic and progressive course. Schizophrenia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are psychological and physical illnesses, respectively, which share this characteristic. Studies comparing the QOL of psychological and physical illnesses are few. The extant literature did not reveal any studies comparing the QOL of schizophrenia and COPD. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the QOL of patients with schizophrenia, a chronic psychiatric disorder, and COPD, a chronic physical illness. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design. The QOL of thirty patients each with schizophrenia and COPD, from a tertiary care teaching hospital, was assessed using the WHO Quality of Life Assessment-BREF scale. Comparison was done between the two groups. Results: The QOL of patients with schizophrenia was significantly better in the physical domain (Z = 2.75, P = 0.006) and overall perception of life (Z = 3.25, P = 0.001). Overall perception of health was also better in schizophrenia (Z = 1.94, P = 0.052). The social domain was the only one in which COPD patients had a better score than schizophrenic patients, though it was not statistically significant (Z = 0.17, P = 0.86). Conclusion: The QOL of schizophrenic patients is slightly better compared to that of COPD patients. Only in the social domain was the QOL of schizophrenic patients inferior to that of COPD patients. Therefore, in schizophrenic patients, priority interventions to improve the social deficits are important because these determine their QOL vis a vis, a chronic physical illness.
Nitrogen fixation in a landrace of maize is supported by a mucilage-associated diazotrophic microbiota

Plants are associated with a complex microbiota that contributes to nutrient acquisition, plant growth, and plant defense. Nitrogen-fixing microbial associations are efficient and well characterized in legumes but are limited in cereals, including maize. We studied an indigenous landrace of maize grown in nitrogen-depleted soils in the Sierra Mixe region of Oaxaca, Mexico. This landrace is characterized by the extensive development of aerial roots that secrete a carbohydrate-rich mucilage. Analysis of the mucilage microbiota indicated that it was enriched in taxa for which many known species are diazotrophic, was enriched for homologs of genes encoding nitrogenase subunits, and harbored active nitrogenase activity as assessed by acetylene reduction and 15N2 incorporation assays. Field experiments in Sierra Mixe using 15N natural abundance or 15N-enrichment assessments over 5 years indicated that atmospheric nitrogen fixation contributed 29%–82% of the nitrogen nutrition of Sierra Mixe maize.
Diversity and Applications of Endophytic Actinobacteria of Plants in Special and Other Ecological Niches

Actinobacteria are wide spread in nature and represent the largest taxonomic group within the domain Bacteria. They are abundant in soil and have been extensively explored for their therapeutic applications. This versatile group of bacteria has adapted to diverse ecological habitats, which has drawn considerable attention of the scientific community in recent times as it has opened up new possibilities for novel metabolites that may help in solving some of the most challenging problems of the day, for example, novel drugs for drug-resistant human pathogens, affordable means to maintain ecological balance in various habitats, and alternative practices for sustainable agriculture. Traditionally, free dwelling soil actinobacteria have been the subject of intensive research. Of late, symbiotic actinobacteria residing as endophytes within the plant tissues have generated immense interest as potential source of novel compounds, which may find applications in medicine, agriculture, and environment. In the light of these possibilities, this review focuses on the diversity of endophytic actinobacteria isolated from the plants of extreme habitats and specific ecological niches. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to assign chemical class to the compounds obtained from endophytic actinobacteria. Potential therapeutic applications of these compounds and the utility of endophytic actinobacteria in agriculture and environment are discussed.
Teachers' experiences about first aid at school.

OBJECTIVE To unveil the experiences of primary and elementary school teachers about first aid at school. METHOD a descriptive, qualitative study, conducted in May 2014, from a focus group with nine teachers from the municipal network of Bom Jesus-PI. Audio recording occurred, content was transcribed, and data were processed by IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed from the Descendant Hierarchical Classification. RESULTS Three classes were obtained: Teachers' knowledge about first aid (influence of maternal experience, belief in popular myths and awareness of lack of preparation were indicated); Feelings in situations of urgency and emergency (anguish, fear and concern); First aid at school, (occurring in class or during break time, coming from collisions and syncope). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS The research evidenced experiences based on popular beliefs, family experiences and knowledge gaps. The lack of preparation was evidenced by the teachers' reports about having misconduct during first aid at school.
Differentiation of Glial Cells From hiPSCs: Potential Applications in Neurological Diseases and Cell Replacement Therapy

Glial cells are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) and play essential roles in maintaining brain homeostasis, forming myelin, and providing support and protection for neurons, etc. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the reprogramming field. Given the limited accessibility of human glial cells, in vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into glia may provide not only a valuable research tool for a better understanding of the functions of glia in the CNS but also a potential cellular source for clinical therapeutic purposes. In this review, we will summarize up-to-date novel strategies for the committed differentiation into the three major glial cell types, i.e., astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, and microglia, from hiPSCs, focusing on the non-neuronal cell effects on the pathology of some representative neurological diseases. Furthermore, the application of hiPSC-derived glial cells in neurological disease modeling will be discussed, so as to gain further insights into the development of new therapeutic targets for treatment of neurological disorders.
Corneal Thickness Measurement after Hyperopic Photorefractive Keratectomy

© 2018 Journal of ophthalmic and Vision research | published by Wolters KluWer medKnoW © 2018 Journal of ophthalmic and Vision research | published by Wolters KluWer medKnoW 365 Sir, We read with great interest the article by Jabbarvand et al comparing Pentacam HR and Orbscan II measurements after hyperopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). [1] We would like to congratulate the authors for their very interesting paper because even if corneal thickness (CT) is not the only parameter affecting the reliability of intraocular pressure measurements both in virgin eyes[2,3] and in eyes that have undergone PRK,[4] it is nevertheless crucial in establishing corneal health. [5] In a previous paper, we found that the CT measured with Orbscan was less than the measurements obtained with Pentacam in healthy eyes. [4] Unfortunately, the authors did not report the measurements obtained before PRK, so from this paper, it cannot be determined if these differences were related to or independent of the treatment. However, if we compare these results with those obtained by Rosa et al,[4] we can conclude that the difference between Pentacam and Orbscan in measuring CT is related to a difference in the devices, and not to corneal changes induced by hyperopic PRK.
The inositol 5-phosphatase INPP5K participates in the fine control of ER organization

INPP5K (SKIP) is an inositol 5-phosphatase that localizes in part to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We show that recruitment of INPP5K to the ER is mediated by ARL6IP1, which shares features of ER-shaping proteins. Like ARL6IP1, INPP5K is preferentially localized in ER tubules and enriched, relative to other ER resident proteins (Sec61&bgr;, VAPB, and Sac1), in newly formed tubules that grow along microtubule tracks. Depletion of either INPP5K or ARL6IP1 results in the increase of ER sheets. In a convergent but independent study, a screen for mutations affecting the distribution of the ER network in dendrites of the PVD neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans led to the isolation of mutants in CIL-1, which encodes the INPP5K worm orthologue. The mutant phenotype was rescued by expression of wild type, but not of catalytically inactive CIL-1. Our results reveal an unexpected role of an ER localized polyphosphoinositide phosphatase in the fine control of ER network organization.
Indirect Measurement of Ground Reaction Forces and Moments by Means of Wearable Inertial Sensors: A Systematic Review

In the last few years, estimating ground reaction forces by means of wearable sensors has come to be a challenging research topic paving the way to kinetic analysis and sport performance testing outside of labs. One possible approach involves estimating the ground reaction forces from kinematic data obtained by inertial measurement units (IMUs) worn by the subject. As estimating kinetic quantities from kinematic data is not an easy task, several models and protocols have been developed over the years. Non-wearable sensors, such as optoelectronic systems along with force platforms, remain the most accurate systems to record motion. In this review, we identified, selected and categorized the methodologies for estimating the ground reaction forces from IMUs as proposed across the years. Scopus, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed databases were interrogated on the topic of Ground Reaction Forces estimation based on kinematic data obtained by IMUs. The identified papers were classified according to the methodology proposed: (i) methods based on direct modelling; (ii) methods based on machine learning. The methods based on direct modelling were further classified according to the task studied (walking, running, jumping, etc.). Finally, we comparatively examined the methods in order to identify the most reliable approaches for the implementation of a ground reaction force estimator based on IMU data.
Occurrence of Schistosoma bovis on Pemba Island, Zanzibar: implications for urogenital schistosomiasis transmission monitoring

Abstract The causative agent of urogenital schistosomiasis, Schistosoma haematobium, was thought to be the only schistosome species transmitted through Bulinus snails on Unguja and Pemba Island (Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania). For insights into the environmental risk of S. haematobium transmission on Pemba Island, malacological surveys collecting Bulinus globosus and B. nasutus, two closely related potential intermediate hosts of S. haematobium were conducted across the island in November 2016. Of 1317 B. globosus/B. nasutus collected, seven B. globosus, identified through sequencing a DNA region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were observed with patent infections assumed to be S. haematobium. However, when the collected cercariae were identified through sequencing a region of the cox1 and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 + 2), schistosomes from five of these B. globosus collected from a single locality were in fact S. bovis. The identified presence of S. bovis raises concerns for animal health on Pemba, and complicates future transmission monitoring of S. haematobium. These results show the pertinence for not only sensitive, but also species-specific markers to be used when identifying cercariae during transmission monitoring, and also provide the first molecular confirmation for B. globosus transmitting S. bovis in East Africa.
Risk Factors Associated With Pouch Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

BACKGROUND: Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal reconstruction is the standard prophylactic surgical procedure for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. However, several groups have reported the development of adenomas and even carcinomas within the ileal pouch. The predisposing factor was the time interval after pouch surgery in some studies, but it was the severity of the initial colonic disease and duodenal adenomatosis in others. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to further clarify the prevalence of pouch adenomas, clinical risk factors, and a possible phenotype–genotype relation in a large population of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, as well as to analyze pouch adenoma-free survival. DESIGN: This study was designed as a cohort study. SETTINGS: This study was conducted in a specialized outpatient clinic at the University of Heidelberg. PATIENTS: A total of 192 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis were included, and all of the available endoscopy reports after pouch surgery were screened for pouch adenomas. Additional clinical information was retrieved from the Heidelberg Polyposis Register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: This present study revealed 3 main independent risk factors for the development of pouch adenomas: age <18 years at the time of IPAA, male sex, and the presence of gastric adenomas. Secondary outcome measures were adenoma progression and overall pouch adenoma-free survival. RESULTS: Pouch adenomas were detected in 46.9% of patients. Median follow-up was 12.8 years (interquartile range, 9.0–17.0 y) for patients with pouch adenomas and 7.3 years (interquartile range, 2.5–12.2 y) for those without them. Patients underwent pouch surgery at a median age of 27.5 years (range, 10.2–58.5 y), and pouch adenomas occurred a median of 8.5 years (range, 0.9–25.1 y) after surgery. Also detected were gastric adenomas in 37.2%, duodenal adenomas in 80.3%, and desmoid tumors in 24.5% of patients. Estimation of pouch adenoma-free survival revealed that, after 20 years, only ≈22% of patients would be free of pouch adenomas. Male sex, age ≦18 years at the time of pouch surgery, and gastric adenomas were found to be independent risk factors for the development of pouch adenomas in a multivariate Cox regression analysis (p = 0.0002, p = 0.0059, and p = 0.0020). No predisposing germline mutation for pouch adenoma development was detected. LIMITATIONS: Detailed information on the initial preoperative findings was not fully available, and the study was only carried out as a single-center study. CONCLUSIONS: A severe upper intestinal phenotype, male sex, and age <18 years at the time of IPAA all increase the risk for development of pouch adenomas. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww. com/DCR/A675.