Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community based Integrated Management of Enset Bacterial wilt Through Collective Action in Hallo Hartume, Gedeb

Enset bacterial wilt disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) was found to be remained the most widely destructive, distributed and severe threat to enset (Ensete ventricosum) production in Gedeb woreda. In the assessed area high disease incidence of 79-100% was recorded and considerable enset plants were damaged which desired intervention with appropriate control measures. To avert this problem, collective based integrated enset bacterial wilt management was intervened in Hallo Hartume Kebele of Gedeb Woreda highland between 2014 and 2016 cropping seasons. Under this study, suitable bacterial wilt control events include sanitary control measures, improved cultural practices, disease free and resistance/tolerant enset clones were demonstrated and implemented in an integrated manner (IDM). IDM intervention was done through subsequent awareness creation trainings of farmers, respective and representative partners on the IDM followed by mass motivation and mobilization. Task Force/Command Post at benchmark and district/woreda levels were formed, which was played a primary role in mass motivation, mobilization and IDM technologies promotions. Enset farming community views on the traditional BW disease natural behaviors and control measures have been noticeably changed trainings and practicing packages of IDM. About 89.33% of farmers in the targeted area were aware and adopted IDM; as a result BW disease problem was reduced to 21.30 % and many of farmers were convinced about effectiveness of the IDM through collective action. In addition, at the end of the study, enset clonal diversity was also increased by 26.92%.
Impact of Wiki-based Feedback on Grammatical Accuracy of Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Skill

This study was designed to investigate the effects of providing feedback in the interactive environment of wiki on improving the grammatical accuracy of Iranian EFL learners’ writing skill as well as the attitudes of Iranian EFL learners’ toward receiving feedback via wiki. To do so, 50 intermediate Iranian EFL learners, who were chosen by an OPT (Oxford Placement Test) participated in this study and they were divided into two groups, experimental and control group. Both groups were given identical writing tasks. In control group, though, the first drafts were reviewed traditionally in a pen and a paper fashion, whereas in the experimental group, they were reviewed by peers through wiki to provide feedback on the grammatical accuracy of writings. The second drafts all were reviewed by the instructor. The results revealed that using wikis to provide feedback on students’ writing can have a significantly positive effect on improving their grammatical accuracy in a writing task. Moreover, the experimental group was found to outperform the control group on the post-test indicating that there was a significant difference between the effects of providing feedback in wiki vs. providing traditional feedback on the grammatical accuracy of Iranian male and female EFL Learners. With regards to the students’ attitude toward using wiki, a majority of the learners welcomed the application of wiki for EFL
To What Extent does Employees’ Perception of Organizational Justice Influence Their Organizational Citizenship Behaviour

This study investigated how employees’ perception of organizational justice affects their Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). Three dimensions of organizational justice were studied. Organizational tenure of employees was also considered as a mediating variable. Social Exchange Theory and the Norm of Reciprocity were utilized in describing potential relationships because of their association with the concept of fairness and socialization. Data for the study were obtained from 152 employees. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis. Hypotheses were tested at the . 05 and . 01 levels of significance. The results revealed that organizational justice perceptions of employees significantly and positively influenced, and accounted for 6.5% of the variance in their OCB. Analysis of the degree of relationship of the three sub-categories of organizational justice to OCB indicate that, procedural and interactional justice both related positively and significantly to OCB at the . 01 level of significance. Distributive justice, however, did not significantly relate to OCB. A hierarchical regression indicated that distributive justice accounted for only 1.4% of the variance in OCB. Procedural justice and interactional justice accounted for 3.7% and 2.1% respectively. This implies that distributive justice did not have a significant influence on employees’ involvement in citizenship behaviour. Employees’ organizational tenure did not mediate the relationship between their justice perception and citizenship behavior. The results were discussed in relation to other research findings. Key words : Organizational Justice, organizational citizenship behaviour, perception, social exchange theory.
The Risks of Artificial Intelligence to Security and the Future of Work

Overview Future generations may look back at our time and identify it as one of intense change. In a few short decades, we have morphed from a machine-based society to an information-based society, and as this Information Age continues to mature, society has been forced to develop a new and intimate familiarity with data-driven and algorithmic systems. We use the term artificial agents to refer to devices and decisionmaking aids that rely on automated, datadriven, or algorithmic learning procedures (including artificial intelligence (AI) in its many manifestations). 1 These include devices as banal as Roomba robots and online recommendation engines to more advanced cognitive systems like IBM’s Watson. Such agents are becoming an intrinsic part of our regular decisionmaking processes. Their emergence and adoption lead to a bevy of related policy questions. How do we reorient our thinking on relevant policy in this new regime? Where are our blind spots in this space? How do users, as well as affected populations, identify and remedy errors in logic or assumptions? What sectors are the ripest for disruption by artificial agents, and what approaches to regulation will be most effective? We wrote a previous report (Osoba and Welser, 2017) emphasizing the existence of blind spots and bias with respect to artificial agents in the criminal justice system, but other sectors will likely be impacted. This Perspective discusses the outcome of a structured exercise to understand what other areas might be affected by increasing deployment of artificial agents. We relied on a diverse group of experts to paint scenarios in which AI could have a significant impact. The Research Methodology section describes how we did this elicitation, fundamentally an exercise in forecasting. Thus, not The Risks of Artificial Intelligence to Security and the Future of Work
Discrete Decreasing Minimization, Part I: Base-polyhedra with Applications in Network Optimization

Borradaile et al. (2017) investigated orientations of an undirected graph in which the sequence of in-degrees of the nodes is lexicographically minimal, which we call decreasingly minimal (=dec-min). They proved that an orientation is dec-min if and only if there is no dipath from $s$ to $t$ with in-degrees $\varrho (t) \geq \varrho (s)+2$. They conjectured that an analogous statement holds for strongly connected dec-min orientations, as well. We prove not only this conjecture but its extension to $k$-edge-connected orientations, as well. We also provide a solution to a discrete version of Megiddo's lexicographically optimal (fractional) network flow problem (1974, 1977). Our main goal is to integrate these cases into a single framework. Namely, we characterize dec-min elements of an M-convex set (which is nothing but the set of integral points of an integral base-polyhedron), and prove that the set of dec-min elements is a special M-convex set arising from a matroid base-polyhedron by translation. The topic of our investigations may be interpreted as a discrete counter-part of the work by Fujishige (1980) on the (unique) lexicographically optimal base of a base-polyhedron. We also exhibit a canonical chain (and partition) associated with a base-polyhedron. We also show that dec-min elements of an M-convex set are exactly those which minimize the square-sum of components, and describe a new min-max formula for the minimum square-sum. Our approach gives rise to a strongly polynomial algorithm for computing a dec-min element, as well as the canonical chain. The algorithm relies on a submodular function minimizer oracle in the general case, which can, however, be replaced by more efficient classic flow- and matroid algorithms in the relevant special cases.
Decision making regarding access to training and development in medium-sized enterprises: an exploratory study using the critical incident technique

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of factors that impinge on managerial decision‐making processes regarding employee access to structured training and development (TD employees did not exhibit developmental proactivity. Regulatory requirements and performance deficits were the main factors triggering T&D. Second, decisions regarding employee access to T&D were influenced by a wider range of factors than the decision making factors tha.
The Impact of a Change in Regulation on Environmental Disclosure: SAB92 and the US Chemical Industry

This study investigates environmental disclosure in the annual reports of US public companiesin the chemical industry during a time when there was a substantial change in reporting regulation.This change concerned contingent environmental liabilities. We draw on signal theoryand the economic cost perspective to generate predictions about environmental disclosurestrategies. We find evidence that managers use disclosure to distinguish their companies fromother companies: first by disclosing environmental liabilities that many other companies did notreveal; and later by disclosing other future-oriented financial information. We assumed initially,that this behaviour was indicative of signaling strategy. We find, however, that the companieswhich we initially thought were signaling have higher levels of pollutant emissions (perdollar of assets) than non-signaling companies. This evidence does not support our earlier assumption.We argue that public concern about this industry, and the fact that emissions levelsare open to public scrutiny, lowers the disclosure-cost threshold for high emission companies,leading managers to disclose information they previously withheld. Â Copyright Â© www.iiste. org Â
Antecedents to website satisfaction, loyalty, and word-of-mouth

Satisfaction, loyalty, and likelihood of referral are regarded by marketers and the Big Three diagnostics leading to retail profitability. However, as yet no-one has developed a model to capture all three of these constructs in the context of the internet. Moreover, although several attempts have been made to develop models to measure quality of website experience, no-one has sought to develop an instrument short enough to be of practical use as a quick customer satisfaction feedback form. In this research we sought to fill this void by developing and psychometrically testing a parsimonious model to capture the Big Three diagnostics, brief enough to be used in a commercial environment as a modal popup feedback form.
The effects of agomelatine and melatonin on ECoG activity of absenceepilepsy model in WAG/Rij rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the melatonergic M1 and M2 receptor agonist and serotonergic 5-HT2C receptor antagonist agomelatine on the spike wave discharges (SWDs) seen in electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings of WAG/Rij rats with absence epilepsy. Twenty-one WAG/Rij male rats were used in this study. Tripolar electrodes were placed on skulls and control ECoG activities were recorded. Experimental groups received normal saline (Group I: 1 mL, intraperitoneally (i.p)), agomelatine (Group II: 40 mg/kg, i.p), and melatonin (Group III: 40 mg/kg, i.p) injections for 7 days. Following this period, 2-h ECoG recordings were repeated. The number of SWDs and their durations were calculated. The total number and duration of SWDs decreased in both the agomelatine and melatonin groups. The systemic administration of agomelatine and melatonin attenuated the genetic absence epilepsy seizures in WAG/Rij rats. The repressive effect of agomelatine on the absence seizures was similar to that of the melatonin used in this study.
A Disadvantaged Childhood Matters More If Local Unemployment is High

Using multilevel models on the German Socio-Economic Panel Study this paper shows that disadvantaged young adults (16-35 years old) are more affected by the business cycle than their similarly educated counterparts from more advantaged backgrounds. We propose that a disadvantaged background lowers desirability on the labour market, which matters more to employers as the labour market tightens. When the local unemployment rate is high, young adults from a disadvantaged background are less likely to be hired for good jobs or hired at all than their more advantaged counterparts. These results are robust to different operationalisations and sibling fixed effects.
Pattern of Multiple Antibiotics Resistance among Surface Water Escherichia coli

In this study, all (100%) the E. coli isolated were susceptible to gentamicin and a few (1%) resisted nitrofurantion. However, a good percentage (96 and 88) of the isolates resisted amoxicillin and augumentin respectively. Nevertheless, multiple antibiotics resistance (MAR) was observed among these E. coli isolates. Apart from the negligible number (0.63%) of the isolate which were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics, along with 0.63 and 3.1% which resisted only cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin respectively, all the other isolates resisted two to six of the antibiotics tested. These corresponded to MAR values of between 0 and 0.75. The pattern of antibiotic resistance varied considerably with a total of six R-types of resistance patterns being encountered during this study. Each sampling period had multiple resistance patterns which ranged from 4 to 10. The R4-type resistance pattern was the most common, with approximately 25 and 14% of the isolates exhibiting the Cot-Amx-Tet-Aug and Cot-Amx-Aug-Nal patterns respectively. A few of the antibiotic resistance pattern were peculiar to sampling periods while some were present majority of the time. These findings further confirm the occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistances among the surface water E. coli. Also, the observed differences in the antibiotic resistance pattern during the sampling period suggests variation in the sources of contamination and these are most probably from 'high risk' sources. The strategic position of this sampling point warrants subsequent transfer of these antibiotic resistant isolates into the open Ocean, the influx of these bacteria which serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes into the Ocean is of great environmental and public health importance.
Carbon Materials with Nano-sized Pores Derived from Carbides

1. 緒 言 ナノサイズの細孔を有する構造体は、古くは活性炭やシリ カorアルミナゲル、ゼオライトなど、各種物質の吸着や、 触媒担体などの化学反応の場を提供する素材として活用され ている。 近年ナノテクノロジーの発展により、細孔サイズを より精密に制御したナノ構造体の検討が進められている。 こ のような素材は、エネルギー貯蔵、化学反応の省エネルギー 化など今後必要とされる低炭素社会実現に向けた素材とし て、精力的に開発が進められている(1)、(2)。 多孔質体は細孔 のサイズにより、表1のように名称が設定されている。 本報 告ではこの細孔名称を今後使う。 炭素材料は、C-C結合の多様性から、様々なナノ構造体が 形成可能である。 活性炭やカーボンブラックのような非晶質 ナノ構造体は、高分子の改質、吸着剤、蓄電電極材など様々 な用途に活用が進められている(3)。 最近は、カーボンナノ チューブ(CNT)、グラフェンに代表される低次元ナノ構造炭 素材料を、水素などガス貯留、導電性を活用した電子材料、 イオン吸着を利用した蓄電材料への適用が進められている。 しかし結晶構造体であることから、生成速度が充分大きいと はいえず、実用化には、さらなる開発が必要となっている。 無機炭化物である炭化珪素などを分解して得られるナノ構 造炭素としては、熱分解で得られるグラフェンやCNTがあ る。 それ以外に、式1に示すような、MxCの化学式で表さ れる炭化物を、塩素雰囲気中で加熱処理する化学反応処理で 多孔質炭素を形成する手法がある。 このプロセスでは、図1 に示すように、炭素以外の成分Mを塩素と反応させて除去 し、残留炭素成分が再配列して、細孔を形成する。
Instruction as orchestration: multimodal connection building with the interactive whiteboard

The interactive whiteboard (IWB), the first ICT tool primarily designed for whole-class interaction, is now in regular use in most British primary schools. In this paper, we explore its distinctive potential for enabling the teacher to plan and orchestrate activities and lessons using a wide range of multimodal resources, to engage students' cognitive and imaginative capacities. We show how teachers use combinations of ‘matched resources’ to support the bridging of pupils' understanding from the known to the new, and from everyday to academic understandings. We demonstrate how teachers can use the IWB to resource the development of ideas and themes over time while maintaining spontaneous responsiveness to situations as they arise, effectively enacting Sawyer's notion of teaching as ‘disciplined improvisational performance’.
Missing baryons traced by the galaxy luminosity density in large-scale WHIM filaments

We propose a new approach to the problem of the missing baryons. Building on the common assumption that the missing baryons are in the form of the warm hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), we also assume here that the galaxy luminosity density can be used as a tracer of the WHIM. This last assumption is supported by our discovery of a significant correlation between the WHIM density and the galaxy luminosity density in recent hydrodynamical simulations. We also found that the percentage of the gas mass in the WHIM phase is substantially higher (by a factor of similar to 1.6) within large-scale galactic filaments, i.e. similar to 70%, compared to the average in the full simulation volume of similar to 0.1 Gpc(3). The relation between the WHIM overdensity and the galaxy luminosity overdensity within the galactic filaments is consistent with a linear one: delta(whim) = 0.7 +/- 0.1 x delta(0.9 +/- 0.2)(LD) We then applied our procedure to the line of sight towards the blazar H2356-309 and found evidence of WHIM that corresponds to the Sculptor Wall (SW) (z similar to 0.03 and log N-H = 19.9(-0.3)(+0.1)) and Pisces-Cetus (PC) superclusters (z similar to 0.06 and log N-H = 19.7(-0.3)(+0.2)), in agreement with the redshifts and column densities of the X-ray absorbers identified recently. This agreement indicates that the galaxy luminosity density and galactic filaments are reliable signposts for the WHIM and that our method is robust for estimating WHIM density. The signal that we detected cannot originate in the halos of nearby galaxies because they cannot account for the high WHIM column densities that our method and X-ray analysis consistently find in the SW and PC superclusters.
RESEARCHES REGARDING QUALITY OF SHEEP SKINS OBTAINED FROM KARAKUL FROM BOTOSANI SHEEP

Studies were designed to highlight the quality of sheep skins obtained from the new formed race. The biological material examined was owned by private farms in the North-East of Romania. To emphasize the aesthetic and commercial value of sheep skin were analyzed more properties on which depends this production quality, and working methods used were those accepted in Karakul sheep selection in Romania. Researches were based on the collection, processing and interpretation of data obtained as a result of buckling quality assessment at the Karakul lambs, black variety, produced in 2009 calving season. All traits were assessed in daylight and after investigations it was found that from the total of 986 lambs were subjected to assessments about 98.27% was a black color associated with a high gloss. Also, to the estimated group, the size of loops can be seen in an advanced stage of improvement, because about 90% of sheep produce sheep skins with loops of size and appearance was in full compliance with quality requirements for all types of loops in black variety. The results reached confirms that sheep skins, overall, has some qualitative features of buckling expressed at a higher level. This fact is primarily due to rigorous selection of sires and directing mating. All these actions, conducted at a sustained level, had a direct influence on the quality of biological material retained for breeding and they had facilitated growth of aesthetic and commercial value of sheep skins on next generations.
Computing with small quasigroups and loops

This is a companion to our lectures GAP and loops, to be delivered at the Workshops Loops 2007, Prague, Czech Republic. In the lectures we introduce the GAP package LOOPS, describe its capabilities, and explain in detail how to use it. In this paper we first outline the philosophy behind the package and its main features, and then we focus on three particular computational problems: construction of loop isomorphisms, classification of small Frattini Moufang loops of order 64, and the search for loops of nilpotency class higher than two with an abelian inner mapping group. In particular, this is not a user's manual for LOOPS, which can be downloaded from the distribution website of LOOPS.
A New Biosensor to Enumerate Bacteria in Planktonic and Biofilm Lifestyle

Remarkable interest for human health concerns the microbiological risk assessment due infections by bacteria possessing the ability to adhere to host cell or abiotic surfaces as well as to live in aggregated and biofilm lifestyle. Biofilm is multicellular bacterial community held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix in response to several factors. These factors may include recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on cell surfaces, electrostatic interactions on abiotic surfaces, nutritional cues, or in some cases, exposure to stress conditions in the environment as well as into the host. Biofilm lifestyle is comparatively more common than the planktonic one and it has been shown that biofilm plays a crucial role in human health (Brady et al., 2008; Bryers, 2008). As matter of fact, the eradication of bacterial biofilm by administration of antibiotics often fails due to the high drug resistance of bacteria in this lifestyle. Since 2008, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reports epidemiological data on the increasing of antimicrobial resistance constituting an important concern in public health hazard. For this reason, rapid assays to determine biofilm susceptibility to antibacterial drugs can significantly improve the outcome of infected patients by enabling a fast selection of efficient antibiotic treatments, thus decreasing the period and the related costs of hospitalization, as well as the incidence of morbidity and mortality ( Gfeller et al., 2005). Therefore, a fundamental prerequisite in studying, counteracting and eradicating biofilm is the possibility to quantify the actual number of bacteria involved. Bacterial counts have deep implications in microbiological diagnosis and therapeutic treatments (Bryers, 2008), in water and food quality analysis (Ramalho et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2007; Rueckert et al., 2005), in environmental applications and consumers’ safety. The standard method used to evaluate the number of bacteria, based on determination of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) (ISO method), can be considered fully appropriate only when bacteria are in planktonic lifestyle but it is unreliable to count bacteria in aggregated, adherent and biofilm lifestyle (Berlutti et al., 2003, Pantanella, 2008; Berlutti, 2008 a; Frioni,