Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The economic cost of mandatory CO2 emission cuts: A reduced-form approach with panel data: Working paper series--12-04

We follow Schmalensee, Stoker, and Judson (1998) to forecast CO2 emissions based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Our findings suggest that the EKC will not lead to significant decreases in CO2 emissions by 2050 for countries with the highest incomes. Therefore, mandatory emissions cuts may be required to limit climate change. Consistent with Horowitz (2009) and Ng and Zhao (2010), we use a reduced-form approach to estimate the economic costs of mandatory emission cuts. Based on our parameter estimates, we find that a 25% mandatory reduction in CO2 emissions from 1990 will lead to a 5.63% decrease in the combined GDP of 19 high-income OECD countries, and a 40% reduction will result in a 12.92% loss in income (holding other relevant variables constant)! Our estimates are substantially higher than those in Paltsev, Reillya, Jacobya, and Morris (2009) and Dellink, Briner and Clapp (2010), and suggest that the economic cost to limit climate change as envisioned in the Copenhagen Accord may be substantial. More research should be done before mandatory emission cuts are implemented.
Factors Of Production, Institutions And Development In Brazil

Understanding the variables that determine income level and how they are related to each other is critical, particularly because of its importance for planning economic policies. The economic growth and development literature emphasizes that investments in technology, physical and human capital are essential to achieve high levels of development. Political and economic institutions have also been pointed out as relevant features in this process. Employing a sample of 5,507 Brazilian municipalities, this study carries out a development accounting exercise and measures the effect of institutions on per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), physical capital intensity, human capital stock and productivity. The empirical results illustrate that differences in the institutional framework are relevant to explain income disparities observed among the Brazilian municipalities. They also indicate that the effects of institutions on GDP occur mainly through human capital stock and total factor productivity and that institutions’ importance is greater for larger municipalities. Key-words: Income Level; Development Accounting; Institutions RESUMO Entender quais sao as variaveis relevantes na determinacao da renda de uma economia e de que forma essas variaveis se relacionam e fundamental, sobretudo como forma de embasar politicas futuras. A literatura ressalta que o investimento em capital fisico, capital humano e tecnologia sao essenciais para atingir niveis elevados de desenvolvimento. Tem-se ressaltado, tambem, a importância das instituicoes politicas e economicas solidas neste processo. Tendo isso em vista, este artigo realiza uma contabilidade do produto dos municipios brasileiros e procura mensurar o efeito da qualidade das instituicoes sobre o produto e seus componentes (intensidade de capital fisico, estoque de capital humano e produtividade), pelo metodo de Minimos Quadrados em Dois Estagios, a fim de evitar a possivel causalidade reversa entre instituicoes e desenvolvimento. Os resultados empiricos indicam que as instituicoes sao relevantes na determinacao dos dispares niveis de produto per capita municipal e que este efeito ocorre, sobretudo, via produtividade total de fatores e via estoque de capital humano. Ha evidencias, tambem, de que o efeito positivo das instituicoes seja mais expressivo nos municipios mais populosos. Palavas-chave: Nivel de Produto; Fatores de Producao; Instituicoes.
QUALITY OF WORK LIFE, PERSONALITY, JOB SATISFACTION, COMPETENCE, AND JOB PERFORMANCE: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The success of any organization is highly dependent on how it attracts recruits, motivates, and retains a high performing workforce. Explaining the factors that influence employee performance remains a fundamental question for human resources management practitioners. The expectancy theories of Vroom, Porter, and Lawler, assert that employee performance depends not only on the amount of effort exerted, but also on the intervening influences of factors such as person’s abilities and traits, as well as their role perceptions. Researchers also suggest that a range of organizational and employee factors could impact employee performance. These include Quality of work life, ability, effort, motivation, attitude, personality, competence, and job satisfaction. This study looked at selected employee related factors, namely: employee personality, job satisfaction, and competence. QWL was included because organizations are known to adopt a strategy for improving employees’ Quality of Work Life (QWL) with the aim of satisfying both the organizational objectives and the needs of the employee. On the other hand, successful organizations consider job satisfaction to be important for work performance. However, job satisfaction alone cannot lead to performance. Having the right competences is important for performance. This review therefore seeks to investigate the employee related factors that influence the relationship between quality of work life and employee’s performance.
On the timing of political regime changes in Arab countries

Abstract We develop a dynamic game to provide with a comprehensive theory of Arab spring-type events. We consider two interacting groups, the elite vs. the citizens, two political regimes, dictatorship vs. a freer regime, the possibility to switch from the first to the second regime as a conse- quence of a revolution by the citizens and finally the opportunity, for the elite, to affect the citizens' decision through concession and/or repression strategies. In this framework, we provide a full characterization of the equilibrium of the political regime switching game. First, we emphasize the role of the direct switching cost of a revolution (for the citizens) and of the elite's self-preservation options. Under the concession strategy, when the switching cost is low, the elite can't avoid the political regime change. She optimally adapts to the overthrow of their political power by setting the rate of redistribution to the highest possible level, thereby extending the period during which she has full control on resources. This surprising result actually illustrates the role of the timing of events in these situa- tions of interaction between the ruling elite and the people. When the direct switching is high, the elite can ultimately select the equilibrium outcome and adopts the opposite strategy, i.e. she chooses the lowest level of redistribution that allows her to stay in power forever. The same kind of results are obtained when the elite relies on repression to keep the citizens under control. Next, the equilibrium properties under a mix of repression and redistribution are analyzed. It is shown that in situations where neither repression (only) nor redistribution (only) protect the elite against the uprising of citizens, a subtle mixture of the two instruments is sufficient to make the dictatorship permanent. Based on our theoretical results, we finally examine the reason for such a large variety of decisions and outcomes during the Arab Spring events.
The masses of satellites in GAMA galaxy groups from 100 square degrees of KiDS weak lensing data

We use the first 100 sq. deg. of overlap between the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey to determine the galaxy halo mass of ~10,000 spectroscopically-confirmed satellite galaxies in massive ($M > 10^{13}h^{-1}{\rm M}_\odot$) galaxy groups. Separating the sample as a function of projected distance to the group centre, we jointly model the satellites and their host groups with Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) density profiles, fully accounting for the data covariance. The probed satellite galaxies in these groups have total masses $\log M_{\rm sub} /(h^{-1}{\rm M}_\odot) \approx 11.7 - 12.2$ consistent across group-centric distance within the errorbars. Given their typical stellar masses, $\log M_{\rm \star,sat}/(h^{-2}{\rm M}_\odot) \sim 10.5$, such total masses imply stellar mass fractions of $M_{\rm \star,sat} /M_{\rm sub} \approx 0.04 h^{-1}$ . The average subhalo hosting these satellite galaxies has a mass $M_{\rm sub} \sim 0. 015M_{\rm host}$ independent of host halo mass, in broad agreement with the expectations of structure formation in a $\Lambda$CDM universe.
Pragmatic orientation of syntax in spontaneous speech: A corpus-based comparison between Brazilian Portuguese and Italian adverbial clauses

This paper reports on the syntax of finite adverbial clauses in spoken Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and Italian (IT), based on C-ORAL-BRASIL and Italian C-ORAL-ROM corpora and founded onLanguage into Act Theory (L-AcT: Cresti 2000). The analysis of adverbial clauses here is mainly focused on the syntax/pragmatics and syntax/information structure interfaces, aiming to show significant differences in the syntax of spoken versus written language.
LIPID PROFILE OF M. LONGISSIMUS DORSI IN RESPONSE TO DIETARY SPIRULINA PLATENSIS SUPPLEMENTATION IN PIGS

YORDANOVA, G. , T. POPOVA, J. NAKEV, R. NEDEVA, Y. MARCHEV, E. KISTANOVA and A. SHIMKUS, 2015. Lipid profile of m. Longissimus dorsi in response to dietary Spirulina platensis supplementation in pigs. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 21: 1054-1059 The changes of the lipid profile and the fatty acid composition in the triacylglycerols and phospholipids in m. Longissimus dorsi (m. LD) of Danube White pigs in response to dietary Spirulina supplementation were studied. The experiment was divided in two sub periods, starting at 34 kg and ending at 102.5-106.3 kg live weight. The pigs in the trial were divided in three groups – control and two experimental. The pigs from the experimental groups were fed the same diet as the control group. The first experimental group (SP1) received additionally 2 g Spirulina platensis per capita daily only during the second sub period, while the pigs from the second experimental group (SP2) received the same amount (2 g) of Spirulina during the whole trial period. Dietary Spirulina supplementation did not influence the content of total lipids in m. LD although in the experimental groups they tended to increase. Significant decrease in the content of C14:0 in the triacylglycerols was observed in response to Spirulina supplement (P < 0.05) while in the phospholipid fraction the amount of C18:3n-6, C20:4 and C20:5 showed significant increase (P < 0.05). The content of C18:3n-3 and C22:5 tended to increase in m. LD of the pigs from the experimental groups.
Corporate Balance Sheets in Developed Economies: Implications for Investment

In this paper, the authors examine the aggregate national balance-sheets of non-financial corporations in Australia and the G7 countries with a view to assessing both their financial structure and their financial position. More importantly, the authors investigate whether the financial position of non-financial corporations (i.e., debt-to-equity ratio) is material to the economy's investment prospects and whether the importance of this channel differs depending on the structure of corporate financing i.e., bank-based or market-oriented financing structures. Based on a dynamic business investment error-correction model that controls for the opportunity cost of capital and output growth, the authors test the above hypotheses using a quarterly panel dataset of eight developed economies over the 1992-2005 period. Their empirical results suggest that the financial position of non-financial corporations has a statistically significant impact on aggregate business investment growth, although the effect is quantitatively modest. Thus, their findings are consistent with the prediction of models that feature credit market imperfections such as costly information and asymmetric information. Moreover, the effect of corporate financial position appears to be statistically equivalent regardless of whether a country's corporations predominantly finance their investments through bank borrowing or market-oriented financing.
Testing Multi-factor Models Internationally: Developed and Emerging Markets

Previous literature has extensively examined the relation between risk and return in U.S. stock markets. International evidence, on the other hand, is far more scarce. This paper tests to what extent multi-factor models explain the variation in average stock returns in developed and emerging markets over the period 1996-2016. The main findings indicate that these models better explain stock returns for developed markets than for emerging markets. Furthermore, incorporating more risk factors does not necessarily increase the explanatory power of the multi-factor models for both market segments.
The downsizing effects on survivors: a structural equation modeling analysis

Purpose – The extant scholarly research has been delving into several effects of downsizing, such as job insecurity, organizational commitment and innovative behavior. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model proposing organizational commitment as a mediator between job insecurity and innovative behavior. Downsizing survivors – or the individuals who remain when others exit a firm – may have higher job insecurity and lower organizational commitment post‐downsizing, thus lowering their innovative efforts.Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected 224 questionnaires from Portuguese employees and analyzed simultaneous relations with a structural equation modeling.Findings – The analysis of mediating effects suggests that the lack of commitment is not a mediating construct between job insecurity and innovative behavior. However, downsizing directly affects both organizational commitment and innovative behavior.Practical implications – The innovative behavior seems to be directly affected by jo.
Influence of tetrabasic zinc chloride and copper sulphate on growth performance and some physiological parameters in the digestive tract of weanling piglets

One hundred and sixty weanling piglets with an initial average body weight (BW) of 7.3 kg were used in a 2×2 factorial experiment to investigate interactions between tetrabasic zinc chloride (TBZC) and copper sulphate (CuSO4) on growth performance. In five piglets per treatment activity of enzymes in pancreas and digesta and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in digesta were determined. The piglets were offered the following diets for 28 days: 1. no supplementation of TBZC and CuSO4; 2. supplementation of 250 mg/kg Cu from CuSO4; 3. supplementation of 1500 mg/kg Zn from TBZC; 4. supplementation of 1500 mg/kg Zn from TBZC and 250 mg/kg Cu from CuSO4. Each treatment had five replications (pens) of eight piglets (half castrated males and half females). The results showed that average daily gain (ADG) was improved (P<0.05) by the addition of TBZC and (or) CuSO4. The addition of TBZC increased (P<0.05) the activity of chymotrypsin in the duodenum contents (3.145 vs 2.095, respectively). TBZC and CuSO4 synergistically reduced (P<0.05) pH of the jejunum contents. The addition of TBZC or CuSO4 increased (P<0.05) total SCFA concentrations, and the proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid in the colon. TBZC reduced (P<0.05) the proportions of isobutyric acid (1.470 vs 1.830, respectively) and isovaleric acid (0.171 vs 0.203, respectively), but CuSO4 increased (P<0.01) the proportions of isobutyric acid (1.904 vs 1.396, respectively) in the colon. There was a significant interaction between TBZC and CuSO4 for ADG (P<0.01), for trypsin activities in both pancreatic tissue homogenates (P<0.01) and duodenal contents (P<0.05) and for chymotrypsin activities in both pancreatic tissue homogenate 466 ZN AND CU – GROWTH AND DIGESTIVE TRACT OF PIGLETS (P<0.05) and jejunum contents (P<0.01), and for total SCFA concentrations in the colon. These data indicated that the growth-promotional mechanisms of TBZC and CuSO4 might be different.
Lunar fast neutron leakage flux calculation and its elemental abundance dependence

A numerical code has been developed to simulate fast neutron leakage flux from planetary surfaces. These neutrons are produced in copious number by interactions between galactic cosmic rays and the nuclei of surface material. Their leakage flux spectrum depends on the composition of the upper layers of planetary bodies. Measurement of these neutrons allows the mapping of major compositional units. This technique is successfully used on Lunar Prospector data to obtain global geochemical maps of the lunar surface. With the help of simulations, relations between soil composition and neutron fluxes in the fast energy range [500 keV, 10 MeV] are established. The numerical code reproduces correctly the measurements of fast neutrons over the Moon. Variation in the neutron flux between highland and mare soils is calculated. A simple formula is suggested to estimate quickly the integrated fast neutron leakage flux for a given soil composition.
Toxicity of Ocimum suave (wild basil) leaf oil on adult housefly ( Musca Domestica)

Oils of Ocimum suave (Wild basil) were used under ambient conditions with the aim of evaluating the toxicity of the plant oil on adult housefly -Musca domestica . The oil was applied at 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 /L (v/v). A drop of sulphormic acid was added to form an emulsifiable concentration, and acute toxicity test was carried out for 6 hours. Mean mortality of housefly was recorded to obtain Median Lethal Concentration and Median Lethal Time (LC 50 and LT 50) respectively. All concentration caused significant mortality as concentration increased from 0.05 to 0.20. The LC 50 was 0.09ml/50ml of water, and the LT 50 was 4.40 hours. This result shows that Ocimum suave leaf oil could be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticides for the control of Musca domestica.
Association between FSHR polymorphism with productive and reproductive traits in Antioquia Holstein cattle.

Because FSH and its receptor play a fundamental role in reproduction, the objective of this research was determining the effect of the A-320T polymorphism in productive and reproductive traits in Antioquia Holstein cows. The PCR-RFLP was used to amplify a segment of 970 bp of the bovine follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR) which was digested with the restriction enzyme Taq I. The effect of the FSHR genotypes on productive and reproductive traits was determinate by a Mixed Linear Model and Tukey Test was used to establish significant differences between means for the three genotypes. The effect of allelic substitution was studied through a linear regression model where the genotypes AA, AT and TT were transformed into a quantitative scale of 0, 1 and 2, respectively according to the number of possessed T alleles. In Antioquia Holstein cattle the most common genotype was the AT (0.485) followed by TT (0.417) and AA (0.096) genotypes. Allele frequencies were 0.339 for A and 0.660 for T, respectively. The FSHR genotypes did not exert a significant effect on the principal productive parameters, except for fat percentage ( P <0.01) where the TT individuals presented the highest percent. Results showed that T allele seems to improve the solids in milk while A allele improves dairy yield. The reproductive parameters were not affected by this SNP but AT animals showed a higher number of services per conception. Further studies are required to determine whether this SNP may be used as a molecular marker.
The R&D Boundaries of the Firm: An Empirical Analysis

Investigates the decisions of large, established pharmaceutical companies to develop new biotechnology-based pharmaceutical products with in-house research and development (RD (2) are more likely to internalize RD (3) that tended to use in-house RD (4) are more likely to undertake a biotechnology RD and (5) with a higher percentage of their business in pharmaceuticals will be more likely to internalize biotechnology-pharmaceutical R&D projects. Data were gathered from the fifty largest pharmaceutical companies in the world on R&D project-level procurement decisions. Findings indicate that small-numbers-bargaining hazards in the R&D markets do motivate the internalization of R&D. However, it was found that rivalry among established pharmaceutical firms does not lead to internalization. Also supported is the notion that firm-level factors influence R&D procurement patterns, but a firm's history in regard to technological procurement was not a significant indicator of its behavior in new technology. Finally, size was not found to be a significant factor in procurement decisions. (SFL)
Relationship between Mental Toughness and Behavioral Regulation among University Student-athletes

The purpose of the present research was to study the relation between mental toughness and behavioral regulation among university student-athletes. To achieve this, 100 male and female student-athletes with the average age of 25.5 were chosen among student-athletes of Tehran University in the academic year 2014-2015 as available and volunteering sample.In this research, demographic information, consent forms, 14-item mental toughness scale (MTS) (Madrigal, Hamill, & Gill) and 19-item behavioral regulation exercise questionnaire (BREQ-2) of Markland and Tobin (2004) were implemented as the tools. The method of the research was descriptive-correlation, which was carried out by collecting data by means of questionnaires. Descriptive statistics was used in order to analyze the data, and Pearson correlation inferential statistics was used to find out the relation between the variable, and independent t was used in order to compare the mean between the two male and female groups with a confidence level of 95%. The results of this research indicated that there is a positive and significant relation between mental toughness and behavioral regulation in the student-athletes; however, there was no significant difference between these factors in the two groups and male and female athletes. Since physical activities play an important role in the development of mental toughness, by applying this effective mental factor in regulating mental factors, behavioral regulation can be affected through controlling motivating factors and thoughts.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relationships Among Hydrogen- Oxidizing Strains of the Genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, and Paracoccus

Optical determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA reassociation kinetics was applied to the classification of 32 selected strains of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, and Paracoccus. The renaturation studies revealed a high intraspecies DNA homology for some strains of the species Pseudomonas palleronii, Pseudomonas pseudoflava, and Alcaligenes paradoxus, supporting former taxonomic concepts of different authors. The 12 denitrifying strains belonging to the genus Paracoccus were shown to be interrelated at various levels of percent degree of binding, and at least two clusters of very high genome-DNA relatedness have been found. DNA-DNA reassociation kinetics were also used for the calculation of the average molecular weight of genome DNA. The genome molecular weight of the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria investigated in this study ranged from 3 X 109 to 5 X 109.