Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
13. Peer interaction while learning to read in a new language

This chapter examines second language (L2) peer oral language interaction between two learners engaged in a partner reading activity. The data come from an English language arts class for newcomers in an all-immigrant high school in the U.S. Students arrive in this beginner-level, English language arts class with widely disparate experiences with formal schooling and print literacy, as well as with varied first languages and oral English language skills. The year-long class focuses on developmental English language and literacy skills, and the students and teacher absorb and accommodate newcomer students each month. The data presented in this chapter highlight the peer work between two asymmetrically-paired, female adolescent students: an Amharic newcomer with prior schooling in Ethiopia and beginning-level oral English skills, and a Somali speaker with stronger English language skills but very low print literacy and no formal schooling before arriving to the U.S. Through an analysis of their interactions in one paired reading session, we describe how these two students use their language and literacy skills to complete a reading task and in doing so, we consider the complexities of how asymmetrically paired students engage in everyday classroom tasks and the learning opportunities therein.
Measuring Abdominal Visceral Fat Thickness With Sonography: A Methodologic Approach

This methodological approach to assessing obesity is based on the prepilot work conducted on a small sample of men and women (25-58 years of age) in a laboratory setting. The use of skinfold calipers, body mass index, and sonographic imaging of adipose and visceral fat were obtained. In this pre-experimental work, the rigorous use of sonographic measures of visceral fat demonstrated better trend results than the other measurement tools. The sonographic methods employed were modeled after the work published by Hamagawa et al. All measurements were taken five times, and only the middle three were retained for mean data points. The data are compared and contrasted with a paucity of international studies using sonography to measure visceral adiposity. It is important to determine whether sonography could serve as a non-ionizing imaging technique for the assessment of body composition and a screening technique for cardiovascular disease prediction.
Art and Identity: The Rise of a New Buddhist Imagery

While Buddhism arose in India and was an important religion in the history of the subcontinent, its adherents at the time of Indian Independence in 1947 were few. Indeed, the faith at that time was practiced by only a small group of Tibetans located in the Himalayas. Yet by the efforts of an extraordinary individual, B. R. Ambedkar, the religion has experienced a remarkable upsurge in the last thirty-five years. The architecture and pictorial imagery adopted by this new Buddhist movement reveal a process by which ancient symbols have been reinterpreted and given meaning in a new and a different social context.
Perception of Risk and the Decision to Use Force

The quality of policing depends on making sound decisions. Many cognitive factors are involved in decision making and these must be understood and harnessed so as to enhance the quality of decisions taken by police officers. In this paper, I discuss two different decision-making systems (deliberative and experiential), and how decision factors (such as complexity), internal factors (such as expectations), and external factors (such as time pressure) all come together in deciding whether or not to use force. Providing proper training and correctly utilising technology can enhance an officer’s ability to make sound decisions.
On the production of interlingual homophones: delayed naming and increased N400

ABSTRACT Bilinguals take longer to identify interlingual homophones than control words. For example, Dutch–English bilinguals take longer to identify an English word like “leaf” ([li:f]), a homophone of the Dutch word “lief” ([lif]; meaning “sweet”), than to identify a control word like “branch”. This homophone-delay effect, observed with both visual and auditory presentation, has been interpreted as evidence in favour of language non-selective lexical access. The present article examines whether a homophone effect is also present in word production. Theoretically, homophone production may profit from feedback from a phonemic level back to a lexical level, but may suffer from a semantic conflict during a process of output monitoring. In line with the latter view, the results show (a) a delay in the production of homophones in the second language, (b) an increased error percentage in the production of homophones in both the first and second language, (c) a reduction in P200 amplitude in the production of homophones in the second language and (d) an increase in the N400 in the production of homophones in both languages of the bilingual.
Prevalence and Reliability of Resting and Ambulatory Inter-Arm Blood Pressure Differences in Young, Healthy Adults

iv DEDICATION v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF APPENDICES xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii CHAPTER 1 – Introduction and Literature Review 1 1.1 HYPERTENSION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK 2 1.1.1 Definition, Epidemiology, and Importance of Hypertension 2 1.2 DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTENSION 4 1.2. 1 Measuring Blood Pressure 4 Clinical Blood Pressure Measurement 4 Sphygmomanometric Auscultatory Blood Pressure Measurement 4 Automated Oscillatory Blood Pressure Measurement 5 1.2. 2 Diagnosing Hypertension 6 Resting Clinical Blood Pressure Measurement 6 At-Home Resting Blood Pressure Measurement 8 Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement 8 Advantages of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement 9 1.3 DUAL-ARM BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 11 1.3. 1 Recent Developments in the Clinical Implications of IADs 12 1.3. 2 Limitations and Challenges to Recent Evidence 16 1.3. 3 Practical Problems with Dual-Arm Blood Pressure Measurement 20 1.3. 4 Gaps in Current Dual-Arm Blood Pressure Measurement Literature 21
Recruitment and retention of childcare, early years and play workers : research study

In the UK, the National Childcare Strategy aims to expand the number of childcare places. It is therefore important that the recruitment and retention of childcare, early years and play workers is fully understood. In response, the Department of Education and Skills (DfES) commissioned a study to identify issues surrounding recruitment and retention of childcare, early years and play workers from the perspective of Early Years Development and Childcare Partnerships (EYDCPs) (forums established by Local Authorities for consulting and involving a full range of local partners in planning and monitoring early years and childcare services), childcare providers and workers themselves. The study sought to identify examples of good practice in the recruitment and retention of childcare workers from EYDCPs and to find out from workers which features of the work drew them to the sector and encouraged them to remain in it. The research revealed that many providers had difficulties recruiting staff and retaining workers. Problems with recruitment and retention include low pay, poor terms and conditions, short hours and poor opportunities for training and career progression. Providers agreed with the need to build a more diverse workforce as the pool of ‘traditional’ childcare workers - young women with low educational achievement - decreases but were not appreciative of the role they could play in this initiative. EYDCPs focused on recruitment rather than retention in order to meet Government targets for childcare places and because they lacked expertise in retention.
Daring to Care : is spirituality sustainable in organizations providing healthcare?

Healthcare workers are challenged to dare to care enough to provide a service that is holistic. This involves being in tune with their own spirituality and the spiritual needs of their patients or clients. Spirituality and compassion are important concepts in the ministry of nurses and other health professionals. Compassion also has links with mercy, although there is debate as to whether mercy is the same as compassion for deserving or undeserving sufferers. However, healthcare workers need to care for sufferers even if their suffering is not deserved, where such compassion is intrinsic and/or out of duty. It involves acting altruistically. Faith-based organizations are best equipped to undertake this holistic ministry but as they are becoming increasingly reliant on government funding to help finance expensive health services they encounter rationalistic pressures from these funding sources may restrict the way they deliver these services. Decision and policymakers are encouraged to embrace altruistic values rather than the egoistic values of economic rationalism, not least because the nature of healthcare has an inherent emphasis on altruistic emotions, especially compassion.
The Relationship between Learning and Performance in a Total Enterprise Simulation: Revisited and New Data

This paper re-explores the relationship between learning and performance in the total enterprise simulation, cites recent research on the topic, and reports the results of a pilot study performed by this paperâ€™s authors. Research from twenty or so years ago reports mixed results as to whether the players who perform the best in a competitive simulation also learn the most, and scholars in the past have attempted to attribute negative results to imperfect simulations. Research from 2009 (Wolfe and Deloch, 2009), and the present study found positive results between simulation learning and performance, suggesting that data can be attained to demonstrate the validity of the simulation as a learning tool. This paper recommends that the field review the issue and initiate new research.
Ergebnisse zoologischer Sammelreisen in der Türkei: Amphibia caudata

Das zur Besprechung gelangende Material wurde vom Verfasser wahrend zweier zoologischer Sammelreisen in der Turkei, uber deren Verlauf bereits berichtet worden ist (EISELT 1965; EISELT & PRETZMANN 1966), zusammengetragen. Besonderen Dank schuldet er seinem Reisegefahrten Herrn FRANZ RESSL, der ihm bei jeder Gelegenheit behilflich war und dem auch einige Fange gelangen, die besonderes Interesse verdienen. Fur die leihweise Beistellung von wertvollem Vergleichsmaterial seien aufrichtigst bedankt: Miss ALICE G. C. GRANDISON, British Museum, London (BML, besonders die Kollektion K. M. GUICHARD) und den Herren M. BOESEMANN & M. S. HOOGMOED, Rijksmuseum, Leiden (RML, besonders die Kollektion C. SWENNEN), I. S. DAREVSKY, Zoologisches Institut, Leningrad (ZIL), K. KLEMMER, Senckenberg Natur-Museum, Frankfurt (SMF) und H. STEINITZ, Hebrew University, Jerusalem (HUJ).
Dynamique plurilingue et imaginaire linguistique au Mali : entre adhésion et résistance au Bambara

Dans un contexte plurilingue comme celui du Mali, la complexite des dynamiques linguistiques et des tensions diglossiques entre les langues necessite une approche etudiant a la fois les facteurs intra- et extra-linguistiques. En terme d'appropriations linguistiques, l'adhesion ou la resistance a la langue dominante (le bambara) depend en grande partie de l'ambivalence de l'imaginaire linguistique des locuteurs qui se traduit par des instabilites dans les usages et influent progressivement sur les systemes linguistiques en presence. L'exemple du malinke (zone mandingue) montre que les choix de code resultent bien d'une redefinition constante des positions sociales en fonction des interlocuteurs et des situations d'enonciation. Les effets de ces choix agissent enfin sur la delimitation des codes eux-memes.
MMP-1 is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and the knockdown of MMP-1 expression inhibits tumor cell malignant behaviors in vitro

Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) is a member of the zinc-dependent endopeptidase family, which cleaves the extracellular matrix. The present study investigated the functional role of MMP-1 in breast cancer ex vivo and in vitro in order to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. The levels of MMP-1 were analyzed in 99 breast cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. A stable short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of MMP-1 expression was performed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the effects were examined using MTT and colony formation assays, as well as migration and invasion assays, while western blotting was used to detect the activation of intracellular signaling. The MMP-1 protein was more highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer tissues than in estrogen receptor(+) and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor(3+) breast cancer tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, the MMP-1 levels were significantly higher in the tumor and tumor stromal cells of lymph node metastatic breast cancer tissues than in those of non-metastatic tissues. The knockdown of MMP-1 expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells using MMP-1 shRNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and the expression of the Myc proto-oncogene protein, phosphorylated and total RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase 1, and B-cell lymphoma 2, but increased the protein levels of apoptosis regulator BAX and caspase 3. In conclusion, the data suggest that MMP-1 serves an important role in breast cancer development and metastasis. Future studies should assess MMP-1 as a prognostic marker for patients with breast cancer and its inhibition as a novel strategy for controlling breast cancer.
GRAY'S ANATOMY

MEDICAL LITERATURE has been deluged during the past few years with books and papers on penicillin; but a book which has been produced under the general editorship of Sir Alexander Fleming himself represents a complete and authoritative summary of penicillin therapy as it stands today. ' The book contains a series of independent contributions by "experienced and eminent men who have worked with penicillin in Great Britain". Their opinions and practical methods differ slightly, and there is some overlapping; but these are not disadvantageous, comparison and contrast lending interest to the reading. In the first or general section of the book Fleming contributes two chapters, one on the history and development of penicillin, introducing some interesting sidelights in the romance of discovery, the other on the bacteriological control of penicillin therapy. In both chapters the information is set out in meticulous detail and with a clarity and simplicity which can be enjoyed by all readers. Fleming also gives the right perspective to the place of penicillin amongst the antibiotics and lays down the principles of treatment. Both chapters are well illustrated and are the most outstanding in the book. Included in this first section also are chapters on the chemistry and manufacture of penicillin and its pharmacy, pharmacology and methods of administration. The second section of the book is entirely clinical, giving each author's view on the use of penicillin therapy in a disease or an infection of some particular region of the body. The entire range of peniCillin-sensitive conditions is considered in twenty authoritative and clearly written chapters; these contain many references and illustrations. Dental and veterinary diseases are also given fairly full consideration. The final section is a condensed resume of much of the preceding chapters and is written for. the general practttioner. This chapter is superttuous: it does not contain enough detall to be of much practical value. The book as a Whole, however, will undoubtedly be considered a classical contribution to medical literature and is strongly recommended, not only because of the general interest of its topic, but as a reference book on penicillin therapy of hitherto unequalled excellence. The typography, although conforming to war economy standards, is clear and the paper is good. There is an excellent list of references and the index is satisfactory.
Evaluation in Computer-assisted Language Learning

Evaluation in Computer-Assisted Language Learning Benjamin L. McMurry Department of Instruction Psychology and Technology, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Evaluation of Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) needs to be scrutinized according to the same standards of evaluation as other professional materials. Evaluation can be divided into two distinct, yet similar, categories: formal (following a prescribed evaluation model) and informal. The aim of this dissertation is two-fold. The first purpose is to benefit the field of CALL by situating CALL evaluation in the context of frameworks used formal evaluation. The second purpose is to discover informal evaluation practices of CALL practitioners. First, with regard to formal evaluation of CALL materials, practices and insights from the field of evaluation would help CALL researchers and practitioners to conduct systematic evaluations that report findings that other researchers and practitioners find useful. An evaluation framework is proposed that includes common evaluation tasks conducted by evaluators in the field of formal evaluation to produce a workflow model for designing and conducting evaluations in CALL. Second, regarding the informal evaluation of CALL materials, learning about the processes of teachers when evaluating CALL for classroom use will help direct developers of CALL materials, address user concerns, and may indirectly increase the quality of CALL materials. After looking at this two-fold question—formal and informal evaluation of CALL materials—we found that formal evaluation in CALL may benefit from the adoption of evaluation practices from formal evaluation literature. Regarding informal evaluation, we found that teachers consider pedagogy, accessibility, and authenticity when reviewing CALL resources and activities for consideration for use in the classroom. Based on this finding we provide implications for language program administrators, teacher trainers, CALL software developers, and language teachers.
E‐Learning…what is it?

Kemajuan teknologi informasi dapat menghantarkan dunia maya menjadi nyata berada di hadapan kita. Dengan hanya termenung di depan komputer pada tempat yang sepi nan sempit, namun dalam kesepian dan kesempitan tersebut kita dapat membuka cakrawala dunia yang sangat luas (a universe exists behind the computer screen). Dunia tidak dibatasi lagi oleh ruang dan waktu, dari kejauhan yang beribu-ribu kilo jauhnya kita bisa mengungkapkan perkataan, menyampaikan senyuman dan dapat menghulurkan sentuhan lewat tombol-tombol yang ada dalam komputer (we can chat without speaking, smile without grinning; hug without touching). Dengan demikian maka segala aktivitas ekonomi, politik, pendidikan, kebudayaan, hiburan, pemasaran, promosi dan surat menyurat akan lebih mudah dan cepat. Kini telah lahir dunia cyber dalam segala aspek kehidupan.
Workload Characterization and Modeling, and the Design and Evaluation of Cache Policies for Big Data Storage Workloads in the Cloud

The proliferation of big-data processing platforms has already led to radically different system designs, such as MapReduce and the newer Spark. Understanding the workloads of such systems enables tuning and could foster new designs. However, whereas MapReduce workloads have been characterized extensively, relatively little public knowledge exists about the characteristics of Spark workloads in representative environments. In this work, we focus on understanding the behavior and cache performance of the storage sub-system used for Spark workloads in the cloud. First, we statistically characterize its usage. Second, we design a generative model to tackle the scarcity of workload traces. Third, we design a cache policy putting our insight from the characterization to work. Finally, we evaluate the performance of different cache policies for big data workloads via simulation.
Some of the Universal "Good Things of Life" Which the Implementation of Social Role Valorization Can be Expected to Make More Accessible to Devalued People

A ! 'occasion, les buts et methodes de Ia Valorisation des Roles Sociaux sont remis en question par Ia suggestion qu' il s'agit de ! 'imposition des valeurs et normes de Ia classe moyenne. Bien que Ia VRS propose de faire participer les personnes devalorisees a Ia vie des classes valorisees par ! 'attribution et l'etablissement de roles sociaux valorises, il reste que les "bonnes choses de Ia vie" dont parle Ia VRS sont universelles et transcendent l'histoire et les cultures. Les "bonnes choses" peuvent inclure Ia famille , un foyer, l'appartenance a un groupe social, l'amitie, un systeme de croyance, le travail, et Ia securite. En tout les auteurs decrivent dix-sept "bonnes choses de Ia vie" qui sont liees a I' attribution
The use of HbA1C in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2 in high risk subjects

We determined the specificity and sensitivity of HbA1c and its cut off level in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus among high risk subjects. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Family Medicine Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) from March 2005 till January 2006. All subjects, age more than 35 years old with one or more risk factors for diabetes together with capillary blood glucose ≥5.6 mmol/l were included in this study. They were instructed to fast overnight for 10-12 hours with 3 days on normal diet and physical activity. Venous blood for glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were done on appointment basis. Four hundreds and two asymptomatic high risk subjects were eligible in this study. HbA1c level was measured by using Cation-exchanged, high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) method via D10 HbA1c Program from BioRad with interassay coefficient of variations (CV) of 1.61. 9%. Of 402 patients, 32.6% (n=131) had type 2 diabetes mellitus based on OGTT. HbA1c of 6.4% gave an optimal sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 90% to predict either FPG of 7.0 mmol/L or 2HPP of 11.1 mmol/L. With HbA1c cut off level of 6.4%, the positive predictive value to detect diabetes was 76% and negative predictive value was 86%. The likelihood ratio that HbA1c > 6.4% to come from diabetes patient was 6.8 times. This study shows that HbA1c is a highly specific and convenient alternative to fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance test for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in high-risk group.
Greater than expected fertility decline in Ghana: An examination of the evidence

In Ghana it has been well established that a strong correlation exists at the national level between contraceptive use and fertility rates. The relationship can be summarized statistically using a linear regression of the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) on the total fertility rate (TFR). However a recent version of this regression based on more than 100 observations indicate that for every increase of 15 percentage points in the use of contraception among married women a decline of one child in the TFR may be expected. This paper presents the findings of three surveys under the Demographic Health Surveys which examined fertility decline that is larger than the expected on the basis of contraceptive use. Overall an examination of various measures of the quality of birth history data did not reveal any major problems that would lead to overestimates of the fertility decline. On the basis of the differentials in reporting of contraceptive use among women and men it seems probable that some under-reporting of method use especially use of condoms may have occurred among women. But for all three surveys the actual level of contraceptive prevalence lies somewhere between that reported by women and that reported by men which may partially account for the TFR-CPR gap in the region. Moreover a number of changes in the composition and dynamics of contraceptive use have occurred over the 10-year period that would contribute to an increasingly strong effect of contraceptive prevalence on fertility reduction.