Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE INTERACTION OF S-R COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER VARIABLES AFFECTING REACTION TIME.

Choice reactions to tactual stimulation were studied, using compatible instructions (react with the finger that is stimulated) and incompatible ones (react with the corresponding finger on the other hand). It was found that decrease in compatibility increased the effect of number of alternative reactions, of uncertainty about the time of arrival of a stimulus, of a simultaneous distracting task, and of an unequal frequency of arrival of different signals. It was also noted that no significant interaction was found between time uncertainty and number of alternative signals; and that stimuli with a fixed probability of occurrence gave slower reactions when several different stimuli were presented in intervening trials, than when there was only one. The results are interpreted as according with a theoretical mechanism resembling a statistical decision.
IL‐6‐deficient mice resist myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is induced by immunization with myelin components including myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Myelin‐specific Th1 cells enter the central nervous system (CNS) via binding of very late antigen 4 (VLA‐4) to the endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1). In the present study, mice with a homologous disruption of the gene encoding IL‐6 are found to be resistant to MOG‐induced EAE as evidenced by absence of clinical symptoms, minimal infiltration of CD3+ T cells and monocytes into the CNS and lack of demyelination. The failure to induce EAE in IL‐6− / − mice is not due to the absence of priming, since lymphocytes of immunized IL‐6− / − mice proliferate in response to MOG and produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines including IL‐2 and IFN‐γ. However, in MOG‐immunized IL‐6− / − mice, serum anti‐MOG antibody titers were found to be drastically reduced. This observation is unlikely to be responsible for resistance to EAE, because B cell‐deficient (μMT) mice proved to be fully susceptible to the disease. A striking difference between MOG‐immunized wild‐type (wt) and IL‐6− / − mice was the expression of endothelial VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1, which were dramatically up‐regulated in the CNS in wt but not in IL‐6− / − mice. Taking into account recent studies on the role of VCAM‐1 in the entry of Th1 cells into the CNS, the absence of VCAM‐1 on endothelial cells in IL‐6− / − mice may explain their resistance to EAE.
Acupoints massage in improving the quality of sleep and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease.

BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese acupressure is a noninvasive technique that employs pressure and massage to acupoints in order to stimulate the balance of life energy that promotes health and comfort. Sleep disturbance is common in patients with end-stage renal disease but no intervention studies have addressed this problem. Aim. The purpose of the present study was to test the effectiveness of acupoints massage for patients with end-stage renal disease and experiencing sleep disturbances and diminished quality of life. METHODS The study was a randomized control trial. A total of 98 end-stage renal disease patients with sleep disturbances were randomly assigned into an acupressure group, a sham acupressure group, and a control group. Acupressure and sham acupressure group patients received acupoints or no acupoints massage three times a week during haemodialysis treatment for a total of 4 weeks. The measures included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Sleep Log, and the Medical Outcome Study - Short Form 36. FINDINGS The results indicated significant differences between the acupressure group and the control group in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index subscale scores of subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep sufficiency, and global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores. Sleep log data revealed that the acupressure group significantly decreased wake time and experienced an improved quality of sleep at night over the control group. Medical Outcome Study - Short Form 36 data also documented that acupressure group patients experienced significantly improved quality of life. CONCLUSION This study supports the effectiveness of acupoints massage in improving the quality of sleep and life quality of end-stage renal disease patients, and offers a noninvasive therapy for sleep-disturbed patients.
Nasal Immunization of Mice with Virus-Like Particles Protects Offspring against Rotavirus Diarrhea

ABSTRACT Rotavirus is the major cause of diarrhea among young infants in both humans and animals. Immune protection of newborns by vaccination is difficult to achieve since there is not enough time to mount an immune response before exposure to the virus. We have designed a vaccination strategy mediating transfer of neutralizing antibodies from the mother to the offspring during pregnancy and/or lactation. Adult female mice were nasally immunized with virus-like particles (VLPs) made of viral proteins VP2 and 6 (VLP2/6) or VP 2, 6, and 7 (VLP2/6/7) derived from the RF rotavirus strain in the presence or absence of cholera toxin. Both vaccines elicited serum and milk antibodies against the respective VPs. Four days after parturition, suckling pups were challenged orally with RF rotavirus. Pups from mothers immunized with VLP2/6/7 but not VLP2/6 were protected against rotavirus diarrhea, indicating that VP7 plays a key role in protection. Protection was mediated by milk rather than serum antibodies, and mucosal adjuvants were not required. In conclusion, VLPs containing VP7 administered nasally to mothers represent a promising vaccine candidate for the protection of suckling newborns against rotavirus-induced diarrhea, even in the absence of a mucosal adjuvant.
Clock suppression techniques for synchronous circuits

A clock suppression based technique that takes advantage of the higher abstraction level provided by synchronous design techniques to improve logic simulation performance was given by the authors (see Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuit Syst., pp.62-65, 1990). Here, the authors elaborate on those techniques and present extensions that can offer an average performance increase of over 5* and a peak performance increase of over 10* that of a conventional logic simulator. The viability of the approach is shown by presenting results from switch-level simulations of large industrial examples. It is shown that because clock suppression based techniques are CPU-bound, they can take advantage of the recent explosive growth of CPU performance. >
Physical Outcome in a Successful Italian Serie A Soccer Team Over Three Consecutive Seasons

Abstract Vigne, G, Dellal, A, Gaudino, C, Chemari, k, Rogowski, I, Alloatti, G, Wong, PD, Owen, A, and Hautier, C. Physical outcome in a successful Italian Serie A soccer team over three consecutive seasons. J Strength Cond Res 27(5): 1400–1406, 2013—The aim of this study was to examine the physical performance of a successful Italian Serie A team of more than 3 consecutive seasons. Twenty-five players participated in the study and were classified into 3 playing positions: defenders (n = 9), midfielders (n = 11), and forwards (n = 5). Activities match were studied by an analysis of multiple match camera SICS throughout the competition Italian Serie A matches played at home (n = 90) for 3 consecutive seasons (first: 2004/2005; second: 2005/2006; and third: 2006/2007). Total team ball possession and time-motion characteristics were examined. Results showed that total ball possession (52.1–54.9%) and the number of points accumulated at home (40/48) improved in the past 3 seasons, whereas the final rankings at home were stable. The total distances covered by minutes of play were significantly different between the 3 seasons (118.32 ± 6.69 m·min−1 to 111.96 ± 8.05 m·min−1). Distance running and high-intensity activities were similar in the 3 seasons, whereas the distance covered in moderate-intensity running decreased in the third (p < 0.05). Variations between playing positions were found during the 3 consecutive seasons, with midfielders covering greater distances than defenders (p < 0.05) and forwards (p < 0.01). This study showed how for 3 consecutive seasons a Serie A team of successful players reduced their distances performed at submaximal speeds, and increased ball possession, while maintaining the high-intensity activities and the number of points at home. It is suggested that this is because of a better understanding of roles and tactics team organization and to act collectively and individually on these parameters to reduce energy expenditure during the game to maintain a high-level performance throughout the season.
Kleptomania: Clinical Characteristics and Relationship to Substance Use Disorders

Background: Although categorized as an impulse control disorder, kleptomania has many features in common with substance use disorders. Objectives: This paper sought to examine the mounting evidence supporting the phenomenological, clinical, epidemiological, and biological links between kleptomania and substance addictions. Methods: A review of the literature examining family history, genetics, comorbid psychiatric conditions, neuroimaging, and phenomenology was utilized to examine the relationship of kleptomania to substance addiction. Results: Kleptomania and substance addiction share common core qualities, including similar treatment successes, as well as etiologic and phenomenological similarities. Conclusions: Future research investigating the relationship between kleptomania and substance use disorders holds significant promise in advancing prevention and treatment strategies for addiction in general. Scientific Significance: Research investigating kleptomania (and other behavioral addictions) and its relationship to substance addiction holds significant promise in advancing prevention and treatment strategies for addiction in general.
UTILIZATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FISH

Rainbow trout, Sdrizo guirdneri, reared on ascorbate deficient diets under appropriate experimental conditions develop classic symptoms of fish scurvy. '-' Lordosis, scoliosis, paralysis of trunk segments, bizarre distortion of support cartilage, and hyperplasia of gill tissue occur. ' :i Fish on extended feeding trials a t low levels of dictary ascorbate develop shortened or crumpled opercles, a thin cranial wall, and many petechial hemorrhages around the eye, and on the lips, roof of the mouth, and the external and internal surface of the opercle. Fracture dislocation of the spine and hemorrhage in the lateral dorsal region have been observed in rainbow trout: I . 'L brook trout, StilveIinus fontinalis; I '
Separation of nucleotide oligomers by unitary anion-exchange.

This paper is the first report on the retention behavior of synthetic oligonucleotides and nucleotide oligomers on a continuous-bedmatrix, strong-anion-exchange column. The separation mechanism is predominantly an anion-exchange process, but hydrophobic interaction plays a role as well. The separation is based on the chain length of the oligonucleotide. Both the addition of organic mobile phase modifiers and changes in column temperature affect the retention of oligomers significantly. A volatile buffer system (e.g., triethylamine acetate) could be employed to purify oligonucleotides, and no desalting procedure would be required after the column separation step. The recoveries from the separation are 70% or higher. The maximum loading capacity of an analytical column (35 x 7-mm i.d.) was found to be more than 366 micrograms.
Review – Prostate Cancer Low-risk Prostate Cancer : Identification , Management , and Outcomes

a Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, URI, Milan, Italy; b Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; c University of Chicago Medical Center, Section of Urology, Chicago, IL, USA; d Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; e Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; f Section of Pathological Anatomy, Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy; g Academic Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK E U R O P E A N U R O L O G Y X X X ( 2 0 1 7 ) X X X – X X X
Interleukin-6 as a Prognostic Marker for Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis

Aims and background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to promote tumor survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis, in addition to possessing antitumor activities. In light of the conflicting data, we sought to determine whether IL-6 could be used as a prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. Methods Eligible studies describing the use of IL-6 as a prognostic factor for breast cancer were identified. Data describing overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and clinicopathologic features were collected and analyzed. Results Thirteen articles containing 3,224 breast cancer patients were identified. The results showed that IL-6 expression was not associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor size, or histologic grade. Moreover, there was no correlation between IL-6 expression and DFS. However, the combined hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for OS was 2.15 (1.46, 3.17). Sensitivity analysis further demonstrated that, for OS, the results of this meta-analysis were stable. A subgroup analysis showed that the source used to detect IL-6 levels may have altered the pooled results for OS. Conclusions Taken together, these results indicate that IL-6 expression is associated with poor prognosis for breast cancer and the prognostic role is affected by the source used to detect IL-6 levels.
A clinical-pharmacological evaluation of hepatic arterial infusions of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-fluorouracil.

Abstract We have attempted to evaluate the degree to which hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) or 5-fluorouracil produces higher hepatic and lower systemic drug concentrations than are achieved with corresponding peripheral venous infusions. Hepatic arterial catheters were placed for therapy in 15 patients with primary or metastatic liver cancer. Temporary hepatic venous catheters allowed direct sampling of drug levels in the hepatic venous effluent as well as measurement of hepatic blood flow. FdUrd was measured primarily by radioimmunoassay and fluorouracil by a high-pressure liquid chromatographic system. Due to the limited sensitivities of these assays, short (40 to 60 min) infusions at dose rates 10 to 100 times those conventionally used were given in order to produce drug levels that could be measured reliably. Even at dose rates of 0.5 to 40 mg/kg of body weight/hr for FdUrd and 5.6 mg/kg of body weight/hr for fluorouracil, steady state drug levels were achieved in the bloodstream in 30 to 40 min and hepatic extraction could be quantified. The hepatic extraction of FdUrd is high with an extraction ratio (hepatic arterial level — hepatic venous level/hepatic arterial level) of 0.69 to 0.92 and a clearance of 0.81 to 2.3 liters/min. The hepatic extraction of fluorouracil, however, appears to be lower with an extraction ratio of 0.22 to 0.45 and a clearance of 0.24 to 0.45 liters/min. With hepatic arterial drug infusion, 94 to 99% of FdUrd and 19 to 51% of fluorouracil is extracted in one pass. Hepatic venous levels, which are one measure of intrahepatic drug concentration in the hepatic and tumor capillary bed, were 4-fold higher for FdUrd infusion and 1.5-fold higher for fluorouracil infusion when drug was given by the hepatic arterial route. Systemic FdUrd levels with hepatic arterial infusion were only about 25% of corresponding systemic levels with peripheral venous infusion. Systemic fluorouracil levels with hepatic arterial infusion were also lower and were about 60% of corresponding systemic levels with peripheral venous infusion. These results support hepatic arterial infusion as a means to improve the therapeutic index of FdUrd and fluorouracil in the treatment of cancer in the liver. Although molar equivalent dose rates of FdUrd and fluorouracil were used in this study, the differences in FdUrd and fluorouracil pharmacology as noted above may not be applicable to conventional hepatic arterial therapy where much lower dose rates are used. Nonetheless, this type of analytical approach should prove valuable in the evaluation of other agents for hepatic arterial chemotherapy.
Towards unbiased parentage assignment: combining genetic, behavioural and spatial data in a Bayesian framework

Inferring the parentage of a sample of individuals is often a prerequisite for many types of analysis in molecular ecology, evolutionary biology and quantitative genetics. In all but a few cases, the method of parentage assignment is divorced from the methods used to estimate the parameters of primary interest, such as mate choice or heritability. Here we present a Bayesian approach that simultaneously estimates the parentage of a sample of individuals and a wide range of population‐level parameters in which we are interested. We show that joint estimation of parentage and population‐level parameters increases the power of parentage assignment, reduces bias in parameter estimation, and accurately evaluates uncertainty in both. We illustrate the method by analysing a number of simulated test data sets, and through a re‐analysis of parentage in the Seychelles warbler, Acrocephalus sechellensis. A combination of behavioural, spatial and genetic data are used in the analyses and, importantly, the method does not require strong prior information about the relationship between nongenetic data and parentage.
A tachykinin antagonist inhibits gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in the rat

1 The effect of a substance P antagonist, [D‐Pro2, D‐Trp7,9]‐substance P (SPA), on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in the rat was studied in order to elucidate a possible physiological role of endogenous substance P and other tachykinins in gastrointestinal motility. SPA was given by intraperitoneal injection concurrently with the intragastric administration of a test meal containing charcoal and 51Cr. 2 Examination 15 min after the test meal showed that SPA (0.13‐1.3 μmol kg−1) inhibited gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in a dose‐dependent manner. 3 The inhibitory effect of SPA on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit remained unchanged after pretreatment of rats with mepyramine (8.7 μmol kg−1) plus cimetidine (19.8 μmol kg−1) or with guanethidine (67 μmol kg−1). 4 Since a full examination of SPA as a specific tachykinin antagonist was not possible in vivo, SPA was also tested on circular muscle strips from the rat gastric corpus in vitro. Submaximal contractions in response to bombesin or bethanechol were not reduced by SPA (50 μM), whereas those in response to substance P were inhibited. 5 The results suggest that SPA inhibits gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit by interfering with the action of tachykinins released from enteric nerves and that endogenous tachykinins are involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility.
Birth after cesarean section

Summary Background The number of incoming expectant women who have previously experienced cesarean section has increased. This work sought to find the frequency and connections between vaginal deliveries, cesarean sections, and iterative cesarean sections from 2004 to 2008. Material/Methods In all, 828 women with previous cesarean sections were included. From this group, 8282 vaginal deliveries were performed. During these years, 828 women had a history of the cesarean section; in these women, iterative cesarean sections were indicated. To evaluate knowledge of educational material designed for women being prepared for the iterative delivery, we used information compiled on experience from 2002 to 2003; the same approach was used to evaluate the nursing process on interventions and diagnoses of cesarean sections. Results From 2004 to 2008, 11 279 deliveries were performed in the Perinatological Center in České Budějovice; this was significant (P<.001). The same result was obtained in the relation for the total number of deliveries and those performed by the iterative cesarean section. The number of iterative cesarean sections in women who had already experienced the cesarean section (828) and delivered by cesarean section again is 620. Other data were not significant. Only 2 to 3 pregnancies next to the first cesarean section were statistically significant in 2004 and 2005. Conclusions If a trial of labor after cesarean does not proceed to vaginal birth, the woman will need support and encouragement to express feelings about another cesarean birth.
Facebook et le phénomène des cougars : de « mamies » à MILF

Apres avoir ete representee au grand ecran (cinema) et a la television (series), la figure des femmes cougars envahit maintenant les pages du reseau socionumerique Facebook. Des lors, l’image mediatique confirme un veritable phenomene social. Or, les societes americaines et nord-americaines vivent deja l’apogee de ce phenomene (qui regroupe egalement les MILF) qui designe les femmes ainees qui frequentent de jeunes hommes.L’etude de la figure des femmes cougars sur Facebook permettra de comprendre ce phenomene, ou vieillesse, sexualite et feminite s’entrelacent. Par ailleurs, au-dela de leurs portraits mediatises sur Facebook, les femmes cougars revelent un « etat » de la vieillesse chez les femmes de nos societes actuelles et incitent au questionnement, dans une perspective feministe, sur le rapport que ces femmes entretiennent avec le vieillissement, a travers leurs corps et leur sexualite.
Leveraging Textual Sentiment Analysis with Social Network Modelling

Automatic computational analysis of political texts poses major challenges for state-of-the-art Sentiment Analysis and Natural Language Processing tools. In this initial study, we investigate the feasibility of combining purely linguistic indicators of political sentiment with non-linguistic evidence gained from concomitant social network analysis. The analysis draws on a corpus of 2.8 million political blog posts by 16,741 bloggers. We focus on modeling blogosphere sentiment centered around Barack Obama during the 2008 U.S. presidential election, and describe a series of initial sentiment classification experiments on a data set of 700 crowd-sourced posts labeled for attitude with respect to Obama. Our approach employs a hybrid machine-learning and logic-based framework which operates along three distinct levels of analysis encompassing standard shallow document classification, deep linguistic multi-entity sentiment analysis and scoring and social network modeling. The initial results highlight the inherent complexity of the classification task and point towards the positive effects of learning features that exploit entity-level sentiment and social-network structure.
Gênero, sexualidade e atividade física: uma leitura sobre masculinidades e feminilidades (re)construídas à luz do envelhecer

Este estudo objetivou conhecer as percepcoes de pessoas idosas sobre a definicao de genero, seus papeis sociais e a importância da sexualidade na construcao da identidade de genero, assim como teve o intuito de analisar as expectativas relacionadas com o corpo relativamente a participacao num programa de atividade fisica (PAF). A amostra e constituida por trinta pessoas (16 homens e 15 mulheres), com uma media de idade de 63,4 ± 4,8 anos, inscritas pela primeira vez num PAF que decorreu num municipio da regiao Norte de Portugal (V. N. de Famalicao). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas que posteriormente foram transcritas e formatadas para tratamento da informacao no programa QSRNVivo7. Apos a analise dos dados, constatamos que os participantes apresentam leituras renovadas sobre a masculinidade e a feminilidade, sobre a sua identidade corporal e as suas vivencias sexuais. A pratica de atividade fisica assume uma importância primordial ao surgir como uma oportunidade para reconquistarem um corpo mais agil e mais jovem.