Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thromboprophylaxis with Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Fragmin) in High Risk Pregnancies

Summary Venous thromboembolic disease remains the commonest cause of maternal death. The management of thromboprophylaxis in high risk women during pregnancy is contentious. Low molecular weight heparins (LMW) have theoretical advantages compared with unfractionated heparin and warfarin but have been poorly studied in pregnancy. We report on the use of LMW heparin (Fragmin) as thromboprophylaxis in thirty four high risk pregnancies. All the women had a previous thrombosis or a thrombosis in their current pregnancy +/- a recognised thrombophilic state (eleven had the antiphospholipid syndrome). Fragmin was given subcutaneously to maintain trough anti-Xa activity of 0.15-0.2 U/ml and 2 h post injection levels of 0.4-0.6 U/ml. The levels were checked monthly during pregnancy. Most women required 5,000U Fragmin once daily during the first trimester unless they were greater than 100 kg at the start of pregnancy. The mean time for dosage increase was 20.5 week (S.D. 8.2). 26/34 pregnancies (76%) required twice daily at the end of pregnancy. Epidural anaesthesia was managed by omitting Fragmin dose or inserting the needle 6 hours after the previous Fragmin injection. There were no thromboembolic events, thrombocytopenias or excessive haemorrhage. One woman had osteoporotic vertebral collapse post partum, she had no other risk factors for osteoporosis. LWM heparin (Fragmin) appears to be efficacious in preventing recurrent thromboembolic disease in pregnant women at high risk, but it is notable that osteoporotic fractures occurred post partum in one woman. Further trials are required to determine optimal dosage and safety.
System-state-free false data injection attack for nonlinear state estimation in smart grid

Cyber-physical security of smart grid under attacks is a serious issue today. The technique of state estimation has been employed in such a large-scale system to ensure the reliability. Successful attacks on tampering these readings were shown for linear state estimation. For the more realistic nonlinear state estimation are used in real systems, the attack that requires the knowledge of system states (which are difficult to obtain, even for insiders) was proposed. Up to our best knowledge, there are no research results that are able to give an attack to any buses without the knowledge of system states. This research paper provides such an attack. Demonstrations on IEEE test system show that the smart grid can be exploited by launching such attacks even without system state information. The strategy to generate such an attack is simple and easy to implement. Thus, the results in this paper show that a more realistic threat to the smart grid system. Hopefully the community could revisit the tampered reading detection algorithms to come up with a more sophisticated solution to avoid this vulnerability.
Influence of Intra‐articular Neutrophils on the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy for Murine MRSA Arthritis

Although there have been some reports about the cytotoxic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on multidrug‐resistant bacteria, there have been few reports in which favorable results of PDT on a local infection site are described. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that the low efficacy of PDT on a local infection site is due to the cytotoxic effect of PDT on leukocytes. PDT using Photofrin® exerted significant cytotoxicity for cultured methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Nevertheless, this therapeutic modality was not effective for a murine MRSA arthritis model. Approximately 30% of intra‐articular leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, died immediately after PDT, and a further decrease in the number of intra‐articular leukocytes and atrophy of the synovial tissue were seen 24 h after PDT. Isolated peripheral neutrophils showed significant affinity for Photofrin® and showed significant morphological damage, resulting in cell death, when they were subject to PDT using Photofrin®. These results indicate that intra‐articular neutrophils have an influence on the effects of PDT for MRSA arthritis.
Formal scattering theory approach to S-matrix relations in supersymmetric quantum mechanics.

En combinant les methodes de la theorie de diffraction et des mecanismes quantiques supersymetriques, on obtient des relations entre la matrice S et son terme supersymetrique. Ces relations n'impliquent que des quantites asymptotiques et ne necessitent aucune connaissance des details dynamiques. Par exemple, pour des canaux couples, sans difference de seuil, les relations impliquent la constante de normalisation asymptotique de l'etat de liaison deplace par supersymetrie
A general method for electricity market price spike analysis

Many techniques have been employed to forecast electricity market prices, and have achieved good results. These techniques mostly focus on normal price forecasting, not on the forecasting of price spikes. Data mining techniques have been successfully applied to forecast the value of price spikes under the condition that a spike appears. However, an effective method of predicting the occurrence of the spikes is yet to be seen. In this paper, a data mining based approach is presented to give a reliable forecast of the occurrence of price spikes. Combined with spike value prediction techniques, the proposed approach can give a comprehensive price spike forecasting. In this paper, data pre-process techniques are described to find the attributes relevant to the spikes. Then a simple introduction to the classification techniques is given for completeness. Two algorithms: support vector machine and probability classifier are chosen and discussed in detail. Actual market data are used to test the proposed model, and promising results have been obtained.
Development and implementation of a clinical pathway for patients undergoing total laryngectomy: impact on cost and quality of care.

BACKGROUND The current health care climate demands the provision of quality patient care in a cost-effective manner. Clinical pathways define the essential components of care that are provided to patients with a specific diagnosis to achieve a desired outcome within a predetermined period. Development and implementation of clinical pathways streamline the provision of quality care in the most cost-effective manner. OBJECTIVES To develop a clinical pathway for patients undergoing total laryngectomy and to evaluate its impact on the cost and quality of care provided to these patients. SETTING A tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 45 patients were included in the study. The clinical pathway was implemented for 15 patients, while the other 30 patients were treated without the implementation of the pathway guidelines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Length of hospital stay, readmission rate, and hospital variable costs. RESULTS The clinical pathway affected all cost outcome measures. Length of stay decreased by 2.4 days (29%; P=.001), and the average hospital variable cost decreased from $3992 to $3419 per case. This represents a 14.4% reduction in cost associated with pathway implementation (P=.02). The standardization of care eliminated unnecessary variation and repetition in resource usage, resulting in overall cost reduction. Pathway implementation resulted in a lower readmission rate (7% [1/15]) than that of patients treated prior to protocol implementation (23% [7/30]). CONCLUSION Implementing a carefully developed clinical pathway may reduce cost without compromising the quality of care for patients undergoing total laryngectomy.
Ductal orientated sonography improves the diagnosis of pathological nipple discharge of the female breast compared with galactography

In case of abnormal nipple discharge of the female breast galactography is a recognized radiological procedure to identify and to localize intraductal growths or other ductal abnormalities. However, it harbours several methodological problems. In ductal orientated sonography the availablity of high frequency linear transducers enables us now to visualize the mammary ducts in detail. The aim of this study was to compare both methods with respect to the detection of the cause of pathological nipple discharge. Thirthy-five patients were first examined by ductal orientated sonography with a 13 MHz linear transducer. The results of sonography were recorded in detail before galactography was performed. Ductal abnormalities were found by sonography in 26 patients and by galactography in 19 patients. In 24 cases both methods revealed concurring results. Among those, 17 cases showed pathological findings and seven cases had normal ducts. In nine patients sonography revealed pathological results whereas galactography was completely normal. In only two cases sonography failed to show ductal abnormalities which were detected by galactography. Our study underlines that ductal orientated sonography is a promising method of diagnosis in abnormal nipple discharge, which may be recommended to be performed routinely before galactography.
Comparative account of nectary structure in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the number of orchid species that are thought to be pollinated by hummingbirds, our knowledge of the nectaries of these orchids is based solely on a single species, Maxillaria coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge. Nevertheless, it is predicted that such nectaries are likely to be very diverse and the purpose of this paper is to compare the nectary and the process of nectar secretion in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. with that of Maxillaria coccinea so as to begin to characterize the nectaries of presumed ornithophilous Neotropical orchids. METHODS Light microscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy and histochemistry were used to examine the histology and chemical composition of nectary tissue and the process of nectar secretion in H. imbricata. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The nectary of H. imbricata has a vascular supply, is bound by a single-layered epidermis with few stomata and comprises two or three layers of subepidermal secretory cells beneath which lie several layers of palisade-like parenchymatous cells, some of which contain raphides or mucilage. The secretory cells are collenchymatous and their walls have numerous pits with associated plasmodesmata. They contain the full complement of organelles characteristic of secretory cells as well as intravacuolar protein bodies but some of the secretory epidermal cells, following secretion, collapse and their anticlinal walls seem to fold. Nectar secretion is thought to be granulocrine and, following starch depletion, lipid droplets collect within the plastids. The nectar accumulates beneath the cuticle which subsequently forms swellings. Finally, nectar collects in the saccate nectary spur formed by the fusion of the margins of the labellum and the base of the column-foot. Thus, although the nectary of H. imbricata and M. coccinea have many features in common, they nevertheless display a number of important differences.
Top-down morphogenesis of colorectal tumors

One of the fundamental tenets of oncology is that tumors arise from stem cells. In the colon, stem cells are thought to reside at the base of crypts. In the early stages of tumorigenesis, however, dysplastic cells are routinely found at the luminal surface of the crypts whereas the cells at the bases of these same crypts appear morphologically normal. To understand this discrepancy, we evaluated the molecular characteristics of cells isolated from the bases and orifices of the same crypts in small colorectal adenomas. We found that the dysplastic cells at the tops of the crypts often exhibited genetic alterations of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and neoplasia-associated patterns of gene expression. In contrast, cells located at the base of these same crypts did not contain such alterations and were not clonally related to the contiguous transformed cells above them. These results imply that development of adenomatous polyps proceeds through a top-down mechanism. Genetically altered cells in the superficial portions of the mucosae spread laterally and downward to form new crypts that first connect to preexisting normal crypts and eventually replace them.
Nonactive Power Loss Minimization in a Bidirectional Isolated DC–DC Converter for Distributed Power Systems

Originated from analyzing nonactive power loss, a novel optimization method and modulation solution for bidirectional isolated dual-active-bridge (DAB) dc-dc converters are proposed in order to achieve high efficiency in a wide operating range. A comprehensive nonactive power loss model is developed, including both the nonactive components delivered back to the source and from the load. This paper points out that when the minimum nonactive power loss is achieved, zero-voltage soft switching can be naturally fulfilled. The optimal phase-shift pair obtained by the proposed method can keep low values of both root mean square (RMS) current and circulating power. Rather than using ideal power flow analysis, the nonactive power loss model directly embodies practical nonideal factors, including device voltage drops. Based on the analysis, an extended dual phase shift is proposed, and different operation cases are analyzed with comparison of performance indices. Experimental tests verify the theoretical analysis and show effectiveness of the proposed approach to achieve nonactive power loss minimization and efficiency improvement.
An Economic Analysis of Migratory Sheep Production System in Tamil Nadu, India

| A study was conducted to analyse economics of migratory sheep production and socio-economic status of flock owners in southern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 100 migratory sheep farmers were randomly selected for the study and divided as small (< 175), medium (175350) and large (> 350) flocks based on the average flock size for comparison. The migratory sheep flock owners were mostly Hindus and belonged to the backward classes, mainly Konars. The flock owners were mostly of old age group, illiterates and they had more than two decades of experience in migratory sheep farming. Majority of the flock owners were small and marginal dry land farmers with a mean land holding of 4 acres. The cost of rearing sheep was accounted through wages (56.06percent), food for shepherds (22.18percent), veterinary charges (15.41percent) and transportation between migratory places (6.35percent). The sources of returns were by sale of surplus lambs (72.41percent), culled adults (5.11percent), penning charges (19.69percent) and sale of manure (2.79percent). The overall average annual net returns per flock and per adult sheep estimated were Rs.4, 43,664 and Rs.2, 264, respectively; while the corresponding values in small, medium and large flocks were Rs.2,55,015 and Rs.2,180; Rs.4,27,812 and Rs.2,097; and Rs.9,94,279 and Rs.2,486 respectively.
Adenosine 5′-monophosphate in asthma: gas exchange and sputum cellular responses

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) bronchoprovocation reproduces the lung function abnormalities that occur spontaneously during acute asthma and detects peripheral airway inflammation better than direct bronchoconstrictive agents. Pulmonary gas exchange disturbances may reflect changes in small airways related to airway inflammation rather than bronchoconstriction alone. The present authors investigated whether AMP induced a greater imbalance in the ventilation/perfusion ratio than methacholine (MCh), at an equivalent degree of bronchoconstriction, with and without salbutamol pre-medication. In total, 36 asthmatics were studied in three randomised, double-blind, crossover studies: 1) before and after AMP or MCh; 2) before and 30 min after salbutamol or placebo, followed by AMP; or 3) MCh challenge. Sputum was collected before and 4 h post-challenge. Compared with MCh, AMP provoked similar pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities at an equivalent degree of intense bronchoconstriction (forced expiratory volume in one second decrease of 28–44%). While salbutamol blocked AMP- or MCh-induced bronchoconstriction, arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) and alveolar–arterial oxygen tension difference (PA–a,O2) disturbances induced by AMP and MCh were only partially blocked (Pa,O2 by 46 and 42%, respectively; PA–a,O2 by 58 and 57%, respectively). Compared with MCh, AMP increased the percentage of neutrophils (mean±se increased from 28±4% to 38±4%), but this increase did not occur after salbutamol pre-treatment. Both adenosine 5′-monophosphate and methacholine induced similar peripheral airway dysfunction. The fully inhibited adenosine 5′-monophosphate-induced neutrophilia with residual hypoxaemia observed after salbutamol treatment is probably related to β2-agonists acting on both bronchial and pulmonary circulation.
Hb Ullevaal [β78(EF2)Leu→Val; HBB: c.235C>G], a New Hemoglobin Variant Interfering with Hb A1c Measurement Using a Cation Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method

Abstract A new hemoglobin (Hb) variant was detected during Hb A1c measurement. DNA sequencing showed heterozygosity for the single nucleotide substitution (C > G) on the β-globin gene causing an amino acid change [β78(EF2)Leu→Val; HBB: c.235C > G]. The new Hb variant was designated Hb Ullevaal after the hospital at which it was discovered. Heterozygosity for Hb Ullevaal appears to have no clinical significance. However, it interferes with Hb A1c measurement by cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), causing falsely low Hb A1c concentration when using the Tosoh G7 apparatus in variant mode.
Review: An Overview of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Microtubule and Microfilament Cytoskeleton

Introduction 399 The microtubule system 400 Tubulin 401 Microtubule-associated proteins 402 Motor proteins associated with yeast microtubules 405 Non-motor proteins associated with yeast microtubules 407 Spindle pole body 407 Components of the SPB 407 Microtubule nucleation 409 The microtubule system and the cell cycle 409 SPB duplication in G1 of the cell cycle 409 SPB separation and spindle formation in S/G2 phase 410 Mitosis, chromosome segregation and exiting from mitosis 410 The microfilament system 412 Actin 412 Proteins associated with microfilaments 414 Actin-binding proteins 414 Myosins and myosin-like proteins 416 Other proteins interacting with actin 419 Actin-related proteins 422 Distantly related ARPs 423 Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton 423 Cell-cycle dependence 423 Regulation by Rho and signalling 424 Interactions between microtubules and microfilaments 424 References 425 INTRODUCTION
Vietnamese multimodal social affects: how prosodic attitudes can be recognized and confused

Social affective expression is a main part of face-to-face interaction and it is highly linked to the language through the culture. This paper presents a study on Audio-Visual prosodic attitudes in Vietnamese, an under-resourced tonal language. Based on an audio-visual corpus of 16 attitudes, perception experiments were carried out with Vietnamese and French participants. The result analysis shows the relative contribution of audio, visual, and audio-visual information in attitude perception. It also shows how native and non-native listeners recognize and confuse the attitudes, thus allows us to investigate the cultural specificities and cross-cultural common attitudes in Vietnamese.
Comparison of toxicity of zinc for soil microbial processes between laboratory‐contamined and polluted field soils

Soil microbial processes are readily disturbed by added zinc (Zn) in laboratory ecotoxicity tests. This study compares Zn toxicity between freshly spiked soils and soils that have been contaminated with Zn in the field. Soils were sampled in three transects (<80 m) toward galvanized electricity transmission towers (pylons). The soil total Zn concentrations gradually increased in each transect from background values (25‐82 mg Zn/kg) to elevated Zn concentrations near the pylon (226‐595 mg Zn/kg). Soil samples taken at the furthest distance from the Zn source were spiked with ZnCl2 to a range of total Zn concentrations similar to those in the transect. Nitrification, respiration, and N‐mineralization rates were significantly reduced by added Zn in laboratoryspiked soils and were 9 to 95% (mean 32%) of the control values at largest doses depending on soil type and the microbial process. In contrast, these processes were either unaffected by soil Zn (p > 0.05) or increased significantly with soil Zn concentrations in the transect soils. These increases could not be explained by soil pH or%soil organic carbon. Leaching soils after spiking significantly lowered the toxic effects of Zn on nitrification or on substrate‐induced respiration. The soil solution Zn concentrations of field soils were always smaller than in spiked soils at equivalent total Zn. Highest soil solution Zn concentrations were always lower than the soil‐solution EC50s of spiked soils. It is concluded that there is a large discrepancy in microbial responses to elevated Zn between spiked soils (unleached) and field‐contaminated soils and there is a need to explain this discrepancy in terms of Zn availability, adaptation processes, and additional soil factors controlling the microbial processes.
Comparison of clinical schemas and morphologic features in predicting Lynch syndrome in mutation‐positive patients with endometrial cancer encountered in the context of familial gastrointestinal cancer registries

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common extraintestinal malignancy in Lynch syndrome (LS) and often is the sentinel malignancy, yet there is no consensus regarding LS‐EC detection algorithms. In this study, the authors determined the efficacy of family/personal history and tumor morphology in predicting LS in a cohort of patients with EC who had mutation‐proven LS.
Intracellular Phosphotyrosine Induction by Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Requires Co-aggregation with Membrane Rafts*

Cross-linking MHC class II molecules human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR) on the surface of THP-1 cells was found to induce their entry into the glycolipid-enriched membrane fraction of the plasma membrane. At the cellular level, this resulted in the synergistic co-aggregation of class II with cholera toxin, a marker of membrane rafts. The accompanying induction of intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation could be inhibited by treating cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a drug that chelates membrane cholesterol and thereby disperses membrane rafts. Signaling could also be inhibited by treating cells with the Src-family kinase inhibitor PP1. Together, these results show that the induced association of class II molecules with membrane rafts can contribute to their aggregation on the cell surface and mediate an association with intracellular protein-tyrosine kinases.