Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kin keepers and good providers: Influence of gender socialization on well-being among USA birth cohorts

Previous research has suggested happiness and distress differ for men and women over the life course, but little attention has focused on whether the predictors of well-being vary for each group. The second wave of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH2) data was used to study whether hypothesized differential exposure to traditional gender socialization has influenced perceptions of life achievement, global happiness and depression for adult men and women in distinct USA birth cohorts. Numerous findings illustrated similarity among cohort and gender groups in predictors of well-being. There was also evidence of a change in USA gender socialization, and determinants of the dependent variables varied according to these shifts by sex and cohort membership. For example, in the earliest born cohort, women's happiness was related to frequency of contact with relatives, consistent with the kin keeper role. Assets and income predicted depression and global happiness for older men, suggesting a link between well-being and the good provider role. In the latest born cohorts, not just androgynous, but opposite influences predominated as men and women demonstrated less evidence of traditional socialization shaping their satisfaction with achievements and psychological well-being.
Characterization of Three nef-Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strains Associated with Long-Term Nonprogression

ABSTRACT Long-term survivors (LTS) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection provide an opportunity to investigate both viral and host factors that influence the rate of disease progression. We have identified three HIV-1-infected individuals in Australia who have been infected for over 11 years with viruses that contain deletions in the nef and nef-long terminal repeat (nef/LTR) overlap regions. These viruses differ from each other and from other nef-defective strains of HIV-1 previously identified in Australia. One individual, LTS 3, is infected with a virus containing a nef gene with a deletion of 29 bp from the nef/LTR overlap region, resulting in a truncated Nef open reading frame. In addition to the Nef defect, only viruses containing truncated Vif open reading frames of 37 or 69 amino acids could be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from this patient. LTS 3 had a viral load of less than 20 copies of RNA/ml of plasma. The other two long-term survivors, LTS 9 and LTS 11, had loads of less than 200 copies of RNA/ml of plasma and are infected with viruses with larger deletions in both thenef alone and nef/LTR overlap regions. These viruses contain wild-type vif, vpu, andvpr accessory genes. All three strains of virus had envelope sequences characteristic of macrophagetropic viruses. These findings further indicate the reduced pathogenic potential ofnef-defective viruses.
The Slow Recovery in Output after 2009

The U.S. economy has been expanding slowly since the recession trough in 2009. Though unemployment has declined at about the same rate as in previous recoveries, output has grown much more slowly than in the past. We explore explanations for the shortfall in output growth, using a quantitative decomposition based on growth economics. Two components of the decomposition stand out: slow growth in productivity, and a growing shortfall of labor-force participation relative to its demographic determinants. The slow growth in both components predated the recession. Our analysis gives a full treatment to cyclical effects. Our conclusion is that powerful non-cyclical forces at least partially unrelated to the financial crisis of 2008 account for the poor record of output growth during the ongoing recovery from the crisis-induced recession. This combination of the adverse cyclical influence, and the noncyclical forces we study, resulted in a shortfall of capital formation that holds back output even today.
Prostate cancer incidence in Golestan province, Iran (2004)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and therefore represents a major problem in public health.The aim of this study was to find and evaluate province-specific estimate of incidence in males by age groups for prostate cancer in Golestan province, Iran. The data used in this study were collected in a cancer registry program that was conducted by Health Deputy of Golestan province in IRAN for a period of 1 year (2004). Prostate cancer data was identified and collected in the population based cancer registries through the 18 Pathology Laboratories (where male populations referred to these centers) and using a structured questionnaire, trained personnel conducted in-person interviews to collect information on prostate cancer in Golestan province. Prostate cancer incidence among males in Golestan province was 5.17/100000 in gerenal. But the highest rate (ASR: 215.87/100,000) among males were showen to be in age 80-85. The incidence of prostate cancer in age 80-84 has risen sharply and it was the lowest in age 50-54 (ASR: 5.18/100,000). According to this information Golestan province harbor a rather incidence for prostate cancer (in age 80-84), comparable to the lower incidence rate reported in the world. For the present time it can be said that prostate cancer in males appear to be one of the most prevalent and serious type of cancer in Golestan province.
The Subventricular Zone in the Immature Piglet Brain: Anatomy and Exodus of Neuroblasts into White Matter after Traumatic Brain Injury

Stimulation of postnatal neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and robust migration of neuroblasts to the lesion site in response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well established in rodent species; however, it is not yet known whether postnatal neurogenesis plays a role in repair after TBI in gyrencephalic species. Here we describe the anatomy of the SVZ in the piglet for the first time and initiate an investigation into the effect of TBI on the SVZ architecture and the number of neuroblasts in the white matter. Among all ages of immaturity examined the SVZ contained a dense mesh network of neurogenic precursor cells (doublecortin+) positioned directly adjacent to the ependymal cells (ventricular SVZ, Vsvz) and neuroblasts organized into chains that were distinct from the Vsvz (abventricular SVZ, Asvz). Though the architecture of the SVZ was similar among ages, the areas of Vsvz and Asvz neuroblast chains declined with age. At postnatal day (PND) 14 the white matter tracts have a tremendous number of individual neuroblasts. In our scaled cortical impact model, lesion size increased with age. Similarly, the response of the SVZ to injury was also age dependent. The younger age groups that sustained the proportionately smallest lesions had the largest SVZ areas, which further increased in response to injury. In piglets that were injured at 4 months of age and had the largest lesions, the SVZ did not increase in response to injury. Similar to humans, swine have abundant gyri and gyral white matter, providing a unique platform to study neuroblasts potentially migrating from the SVZ to the lesioned cortex along these white matter tracts. In piglets injured at PND 7, TBI did not increase the total number of neuroblasts in the white matter compared to uninjured piglets, but redistribution occurred with a greater number of neuroblasts in the white matter of the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injury compared to the contralateral hemisphere. At 7 days after injury, less than 1% of neuroblasts in the white matter were born in the 2 days following injury. These data show that the SVZ in the piglet shares many anatomical similarities with the SVZ in the human infant, and that TBI had only modest effects on the SVZ and the number of neuroblasts in the white matter. Piglets at an equivalent developmental stage to human infants were equipped with the largest SVZ and a tremendous number of neuroblasts in the white matter, which may be sufficient in lesion repair without the dramatic stimulation of neurogenic machinery. It has yet to be determined whether neurogenesis and migrating neuroblasts play a role in repair after TBI and/or whether an alteration of normal migration during active postnatal population of brain regions is beneficial in species with gyrencephalic brains.
Food-Related Impulsivity in Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder—A Systematic Update of the Evidence

The specific eating pattern of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) patients has provoked the assumption that BED might represent a phenotype within the obesity spectrum that is characterized by increased impulsivity. Following the guidelines of the PRISMA statement (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses), we here provide a systematic update on the evidence on food-related impulsivity in obese individuals, with and without BED, as well as normal-weight individuals. We separately analyzed potential group differences in the impulsivity components of reward sensitivity and rash-spontaneous behavior. Our search resulted in twenty experimental studies with high methodological quality. The synthesis of the latest evidence consolidates conclusions drawn in our initial systematic review that BED represents a distinct phenotype within the obesity spectrum that is characterized by increased impulsivity. Rash-spontaneous behavior in general, and specifically towards food, is increased in BED, while food-specific reward sensitivity is also increased in obese individuals without BED, but potentially to a lesser degree. A major next step for research entails the investigation of sub-domains and temporal components of inhibitory control in BED and obesity. Based on the evidence of impaired inhibitory control in BED, affected patients might profit from interventions that address impulsive behavior.
France: Rising Precariousness Supported by the Welfare state

This paper describes that France is apparently one of the few rich countries to have avoided a significant increase in income inequality in recent decades. However, stable average inequalities mask an asymmetric trends of income between age groups, the elderly improving their situation while the young see theirs worsening. Furthermore, it shows that behind this relatively still surface, a general trend of precarization of more and more ordinary workers is occurring,. The importance of wage- setting processes and of regulation of the labour market is bought out, together with the way the tax and transfer systems have operated, in restraining the forces driving inequality upwards. Wage growth, while limited, has thus been reasonably uniform across the distribution and together with the redistributive system have kept household income inequality within bounds. However, in response to high unemployment both regulatory and tax–transfer systems have served to underpin the very rapid growth in precarious working over the last decade, representing a very serious challenge for policy.
Recent trends in antibiotic resistance in European ICUs

Purpose of reviewAntimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem in ICUs worldwide. As numbers of published results from national/international surveillance studies rise rapidly, the amount of new information may be overwhelming. Therefore, we reviewed recent trends in antibiotic resistance in ICUs across Europe in the past 18 months. Recent findingsIn this period, infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus appeared to stabilize (and even decrease) in some countries, and infection rates due to Gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin, linezolid or daptomycin have remained low. In contrast, we are witnessing a continent-wide emergence of infections caused by multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with easily exchangeable resistance genes located on plasmids, producing enzymes such as extended spectrum &bgr;-lactamases and carbapenamases. In the absence of new antibiotics, prevention of infections, reducing unnecessary antibiotic use, optimizing adherence to universal hygienic and infection control measures, and improving implementation of diagnostic tests are our only tools to combat this threat. SummaryAs the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in ICUs is rapidly changing toward more frequently occurring epidemics and endemicity of multi and panresistant Gram-negative pathogens, better infection control and improved diagnostics will become even more important than before.
Regulator of G Protein Signaling RGS3T Is Localized to the Nucleus and Induces Apoptosis*

RGS3 belongs to a family of the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS). We previously demonstrated that cytosolic RGS3 translocates to the membrane to inhibit Gq/11signaling (Dulin, N. O., Sorokin, A., Reed, E., Elliott, S., Kehrl, J., and Dunn, M. J. (1999) Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 714–723). This study examines the properties of a recently identified truncated variant termed RGS3T. Both RGS3 and RGS3T bound to endogenous Gαq/11 and inhibited endothelin-1-stimulated calcium mobilization and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity to a similar extent. However, unlike cytosolically localized RGS3, RGS3T was found predominantly in the nucleus and partially in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, RGS3T, but not RGS3, caused cell rounding and membrane blebbing. Finally, 44% of RGS3T-transfected cells underwent apoptosis after serum withdrawal, which was significantly higher than that of RGS3-transfected cells (7%). Peptide sequence analysis revealed two potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences in RGS3T. Further truncation of the RGS3T N terminus containing putative NLSs resulted in a significant reduction of nuclear versus cytoplasmic staining of the protein. Moreover, this truncated RGS3T no longer induced apoptosis. In summary, RGS3 and its truncated variant RGS3T are similar in their ability to inhibit Gq/11 signaling but are different in their intracellular distribution. These data suggest that, in addition to being a GTPase-activating protein, RGS3T has other distinct functions in the nucleus of the cell.
A multipath suppression technique for through-the-wall radar

Through-the-wall (TTW) radar images would be deteriorated by multipath artefacts resulting from the reflection of enclosed walls. This paper presents an innovative multipath ghost suppression technique based on the compressive sensing theory. The principle of the proposed technique is that: radar echoes are the projection of target space with the operator that defines the transfer function of environment and the image of the target space can be reconstructed by a minimum-norm inversion once the echoes and the operator are known. Conventional imaging technique fails to deal with complicated multipath scenario without prior information. The proposed technique, however, makes use of prior information of the location of walls and establishes a reflection multipath model to depict the scattering response of walls. Based on the model, an overcomplete dictionary that account for interaction of the radar, targets and environment can be constructed. The image reconstruction is implemented with the CS technique by solving a convex optimization problem. The proposed technique can achieve excellent multipath interference suppression effect and can significantly reduce data recording time of TTW radar. The new technique is validated by numeric simulation.
Alterations in left ventricular function assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and the clinical utility of cardiac troponin I in survivors of high-voltage electrical injury

Objective: There has been limited study regarding the effects of high-voltage electrical injury on left ventricular (LV) function, as well as the clinical utility of using cardiac troponin I (cTnI) to assess such injuries. We investigated changes in LV function by using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging, and we also studied the clinical utility of cTnI for predicting myocardial damage in survivors of high-voltage electrical injury. Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Burn care unit and echocardiography laboratory of a university hospital. Patients: Twenty male patients surviving a high-voltage electrical injury. Interventions: From July 2006 to October 2007, 20 patients suffering from high-voltage electrical injury were prospectively evaluated. A serial echocardiogram was obtained from each patient on hospital days 1, 3, and 7. Serum cTnI levels were drawn at baseline and every 6 hours for the first 24 hours. All parameters of the study patients were compared with age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Measurements and Main Results: On the day of admission and during follow-up, there were no significant differences in LV dimension, stroke volume index, LV fractional shortening, LV ejection fraction, or peak systolic strain as compared with the controls. In contrast to the peak systolic strain, the peak systolic strain rate was significantly increased at baseline and during follow-up for the patient group. There were no significant differences in LV systolic function parameters between the two groups according to the level of cTnI. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that LV dysfunction after high-voltage electrical injury is uncommon, and that the serum cTnI level does not seem to be a useful diagnostic test for predicting impairment of LV contractility in patients who did not experience cardiac arrest or fatal arrhythmia.
Risk Estimation when the Zero Probability of Financial Return is Time-Varying

The probability of an observed financial return being equal to zero is not necessarily zero. This can be due to liquidity issues (e.g. low trading volume), market closures, data issues (e.g. data imputation due to missing values), price discreteness or rounding error, characteristics specific to the market, and so on. Moreover, the zero probability may change and depend on market conditions. In ordinary models of risk (e.g. volatility, Value-at-Risk, Expected Shortfall), however, the zero probability is zero, constant or both. We propose a new class of models that allows for a time-varying zero probability, and which nests ordinary models as special cases. The properties (e.g. volatility, skewness, kurtosis, Value-at-Risk, Expected Shortfall) of the new class are obtained as functions of the underlying volatility and zero probability models. For a given volatility level, our results imply that risk estimates can be severely biased if zeros are not accommodated: For rare loss events (i.e. 5% or less) we find that Conditional Value-at-Risk is biased downwards and that Conditional Expected Shortfall is biased upwards. An empirical application illustrates our results, and shows that zero-adjusted risk estimates can differ substantially from risk estimates that are not adjusted for the zero probability.
Adenovirus E1A Recruits the Human Paf1 Complex To Enhance Transcriptional Elongation

ABSTRACT During infection by human adenovirus (HAdV), the proteins encoded by the early region 1A (E1A) gene bind and appropriate components of the cellular transcriptional machinery to activate the transcription of viral early genes. Previously, we identified roles for the human Bre1 (hBre1) and hPaf1 complexes in E1A-mediated transcriptional activation of HAdV early genes. Here we show that E1A binds hBre1 directly and that this complex targets the hPaf1 complex via the Rtf1 subunit. Depletion of hPaf1 reduces E1A-dependent activation of transcription from the E2e, E3, and E4 viral transcription units, and this does not result from a reduced ability of RNA polymerase II to be recruited to the promoter-proximal regions of these genes. In contrast, depletion of hPaf1 reduces the occupancy of RNA polymerase II across these transcription units. This is accompanied by reductions in the level of H3K36 trimethylation, a posttranslational histone modification associated with efficient transcriptional elongation, and the number of full-length transcripts from these genes. Together, these results indicate that E1A uses hBre1 to recruit the hPaf1 complex in order to optimally activate viral early transcription by enhancing transcriptional elongation. IMPORTANCE This work provides the mechanism by which the hPaf1 complex contributes to E1A-dependent activation of early gene transcription. The work also demonstrates that E1A induces gene expression by stimulating transcriptional elongation, in addition to its better-characterized effects on transcriptional initiation.
The Effects of Sleep Quality and Sleep Quantity on Concussion Baseline Assessment

Objective:Proper concussion assessment is imperative for properly caring for athletes who sustain traumatic brain injuries. Decreased sleep quality and sleep quantity affect cognition and may threaten the validity of clinical measures often used as a part of the concussion assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine if sleep quality or sleep quantity affects performance on clinical measures of concussion. Design:Prospective cohort design. Setting:Clinical research center. Participants:One hundred fifty-five college student-athletes (57 females, 98 males; age = 18.8 ± 0.8 years; mass = 78.4 ± 19.6 kg; height = 177.4 ± 12.3 cm). Interventions:We performed preseason baseline testing by using a well-accepted and multifaceted protocol inclusive of neurocognition, balance performance, and symptom reporting. Information related to sleep quality and sleep quantity was also collected during preseason baseline testing. Main Outcome Measures:The CNS Vital Signs battery (computerized neurocognitive test), Sensory Organization Test (computerized dynamic posturography), and a Graded Symptom Checklist (symptom evaluation) were used. Results:Subjects with a low sleep quantity the night before baseline reported both a greater number of symptoms and higher total symptom severity score. No clinically significant effects for sleep quality were observed. Conclusions:Sleep-deprived athletes reporting for baseline testing should be rescheduled for testing after a normal night's sleep.
Decomposing Motion and Content for Natural Video Sequence Prediction

We propose a deep neural network for the prediction of future frames in natural video sequences. To effectively handle complex evolution of pixels in videos, we propose to decompose the motion and content, two key components generating dynamics in videos. Our model is built upon the Encoder-Decoder Convolutional Neural Network and Convolutional LSTM for pixel-level prediction, which independently capture the spatial layout of an image and the corresponding temporal dynamics. By independently modeling motion and content, predicting the next frame reduces to converting the extracted content features into the next frame content by the identified motion features, which simplifies the task of prediction. Our model is end-to-end trainable over multiple time steps, and naturally learns to decompose motion and content without separate training. We evaluate the proposed network architecture on human activity videos using KTH, Weizmann action, and UCF-101 datasets. We show state-of-the-art performance in comparison to recent approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first end-to-end trainable network architecture with motion and content separation to model the spatiotemporal dynamics for pixel-level future prediction in natural videos.