Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Prevalence of Anaemia in Vegetarian and Non Vegetarian Women of Udaipur City, Rajasthan

The study was undertaken in Udaipur city, Rajasthan to compare the severity and prevalence of anaemia between 30 vegetarian and 30 non vegetarian women aged 20-40 years. Anthropometric measurements, dietary survey and haemoglobin estimation was done by the standard techniques. Results show that there was a highly significant difference (p<0.01) in the BMI of vegetarian and non-vegetarian group. Mean haemoglobin level of nonvegetarian was higher (12.07 ± 1.08 g/dl) than the vegetarian group (10.09 ± 0.95 g/dl). Forty percent vegetarians were having moderate anaemia, 60 percent were mild anaemic whereas 46.66 percent non vegetarian respondents were in normal category. A significant difference (p<0.01) was found in intake of green leafy vegetable, fats and oil and sugar. No significance was noted in the intake of pulses, other vegetable and milk and milk products. Intake of energy, protein, fat and iron was higher in non-vegetarian group.
Gobiconodonts from the Early Cretaceous of Oshih (Ashile), Mongolia

Abstract We describe here the first discovered mammalian remains from the Mongolian Early Cretaceous locality Oshih (Ashile). Four fragmentary, tooth-bearing specimens, probably corresponding to three individuals, have been recovered. All the fossils can be assigned to the family Gobiconodontidae (Chow and Rich, 1984). The specimens include three lower jaw fragments and one upper jaw fragment, and represent at least two different taxa. Gobiconodon hopsoni n. sp. , is described and diagnosed here. This new species is larger than G. ostromi (Early Cretaceous Cloverly Formation, USA); thus, it is the largest triconodont and one of the largest Mesozoic mammals known. Gobiconodon sp. , found also at Oshih, is slightly larger than G. borissiaki from the Early Cretaceous of Khoobur, Mongolia, but smaller than G. ostromi The specimens of this second species are poorly preserved and provide insufficient data for a diagnosis. The status of the different species of Gobiconodon and the new gobiconodontid Hangjinia is reviewed. In gobiconodontids and Triconodontidae, the maxillae appear to make a significant contribution to the orbital rim, a condition unusual among basal mammals, in which the lacrimal and jugal are the main components. Other triconodonts such as Jeholodens likely an “amphilestid”, appear to show the primitive mammalian condition for this feature. We present a brief consideration of triconodont relationships and discuss alternative placements of Gobiconodon among Mammaliaformes.
Multiple Object Permanence Tracking: Maintenance, Retrieval and Transformation of Dynamic Object Representations

Our visual world is composed of multiple dynamic objects with various visual features. For efficient interaction with the world, the visual system needs to keep binding of object features and update them as their dynamic changes. Given severe limitation of our visual short-term memory (VSTM) (Luck & Vogel, 1997; Pashler, 1988), it is a challenge to understand how the visual system deals with this binding problem in dynamic environment. In this chapter, I will review research on this issue, mainly focused on experimental studies using the paradigm called “multiple object permanence tracking” (Imaruoka et al., 2005; Saiki, 2002, 2003a, 2003b, 2007; Saiki & Miyatsuji, 2007, in press). Transformation of object representations in dynamic environment has been investigated mainly using multiple object tracking task (MOT) (Pylyshyn & Storm, 1988; Shcoll & Pylyshyn, 1998). In MOT, a dozen of identical objects (dots) are randomly moving around on the display, and observers required to track a subset of these objects. Although research with MOT revealed various properties of object representations used by visual cognition mechanisms, the issue of binding various object features into an object representation remains unclear, because MOT only manipulates spatiotemporal location of objects, not other features. To address the issue of feature binding in dynamic environment, multiple object permanence tracking (MOPT) task used objects with different colors and shapes, and investigated how these objects’ features are bound together in dynamic displays. This chapter will describe five topics investigated with MOPT paradigm. First, how feature binding is maintained over dynamic movement of multiple objects? A series of experiments revealed that our ability of keeping binding of objects’ color, shape and their spatiotemporal locations was significantly impaired when objects move (Saiki, 2003a, 2003b). Importantly, object motion was quite slow and predictable, so that the impairment was not due to failure of tracking of objects per se. Second, memory for feature binding was evaluated more strictly (Saiki & Miyatsuji, 2007). Switch detection task used in previous work showed that task performance was quite good when objects were stationary. However, simple switch detection task may overestimate our ability, and a more strict test revealed that even if objects were stationary, our ability of maintaining feature binding was much more limited than previous studies suggested. Third, is memory maintenance, or memory retrieval responsible for the performance impairment in MOPT task? To test this, I used retrieval cues
Trade Liberalization and Poverty - Lessons from Asia and Africa

We bring together the lessons drawn from the computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis of the impacts of trade liberalization on poverty in seven Asian and African countries: Bangladesh, Benin, India, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines and Senegal. We compare and contrast the results in these countries, explaining where there are similarities and why there are differences. Particular attention is paid to identifying how the specific characteristics of each country – initial tariff structure, trade patterns, relative factor endowments, production patterns, income sources and consumption patterns of the poor, etc. – modify the results. Conclusions are then drawn with respect to the key factors in managing trade liberalization and designing appropriate accompanying measures. Results show that trade liberalization has little but positive impact on welfare and poverty. Overall, industrial sectors benefit - relatively to agriculture - from trade liberalization and so are urban households relatively to their rural counterparts.
The Use of Ugwuoba Clay as an Adsorbent for Zinc (II) Ions from Solution

The adsorption potential of Ugwuoba clay (Nigeria) for the removal of Zinc (II) ions from aqueous solution was studied. The aim of this experiment was the use of Ugwuoba clay as a cheap alternative adsorbent for Zinc (II) ions in order to assist small scale industries and developing Nations overcome the problems of high cost involved in treating effluents. Batch adsorption technique was used to investigate the effect of initial metal ion concentration, pH, contact time, Sorbent dose and temperature on the adsorption process. Chemical analysis of the clay showed SiO2 and Al2O3 as the major constituents. FTIR analysis revealed some functional groups which could influence the adsorption process. The study on pH revealed the adsorption to be pH dependent as optimum pH was achieved at pH 6.0. Effect of contact time showed a fast initial uptake within 20 minute with equilibrium established before 60 minutes. Temperature experiment indicated an increase in adsorption with increase in temperature. An increase in uptake capacity and a decrease in percentage removal with increase in zinc (II) ion concentration was observed. Similarly, two opposite trend were noted in which there was an increase in percentage removal and a decrease in adsorption capacity with increasing sorbent dose. These result indicated that Ugwuoba clay can be used as a cheap and effective adsorbent for the removal of zinc (II) ions from aqueous solution.
Online Graduate Course Evaluation from Both Students’ and Peer Instructors’ Perspectives Utilizing Quality Matters

The main purpose of this study was to improve the quality of online courses in Indiana University’s adult education graduate program. Researchers utilized Quality MattersTM (QM) standards to evaluate the courses. A total of 24 students from five courses participated in the evaluation process. Three peer instructors also evaluated the courses based on the QM standards. The evaluations of both cohorts suggested the following: (1) the adult online graduate courses fulfilled the key components of QM standards in general; (2) students’ evaluations of the courses were quite consistent with the peer instructors’ evaluations; (3) areas identified as needing improvement were: to provide sufficient information about accessibility, technical support, and course orientation, and descriptions of instructional materials. Suggestions for improvement were discussed.
Incidence and Clinical outcome of ovarian neoplastic tumors in pregnancy: A prospective case series and review of literature

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer in pregnancy and to assess their incidence, the effectiveness of the available methods of treatment and prognosis of these tumors. Methods: A review of 11 women diagnosed to have cancer of the ovary associated with pregnancy who delivered at a tertiary care institute between Jan 2013 to Dec 2016. The clinical presentation, time and mode of diagnosis, treatment, pregnancy outcome and maternal survival were noted. The role and effect of surgery and chemotherapy on maternal and fetal outcome was noted. Results: The incidence of ovarian carcinoma associated with pregnancy in this study was 0.265 per 1000 deliveries. Out of these women 63.6% (7/11) were primigravidas. 45.45% (5/11) women were asymptomatic at the time of presentation and diagnosed on routine ultrasonography. 7 patients had ovarian epithelial malignant neoplasia. Fetal survival rate was 81.81%. Conclusions: Ovarian tumors in pregnancy are usually diagnosed early due to frequent routine examinations. Epithelial tumors constitute a majority of ovarian carcinomas. The surgical staging and management should follow the standard protocol, since outcome depends on the stage of lesion. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment offers the best prognosis for the patient
Spiritual Attitudes and Values in Young Children

Research has shown that spirituality is an important function of a child’s social, emotional, and personal development. Nevertheless, minimal research exists on spiritual attitudes and values in young children. This study examined children’s development and spirituality using a modified version of the Attitudes and Values Questionnaire (AVQ). The Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) developed the AVQ with the dimensions of Conscience, Compassion, Social Growth, Emotional Growth, Service to Others, Commitment to God, and Commitment to Jesus. Commitment to God and Commitment to Jesus were optional dimensions later added by ACER to focus specifically on Christian principles. Following permission from ACER to adapt the AVQ for younger children, the questionnaire was modified using the FleschKincaid Readability Scale to allow for better question comprehension among the young participants, ages 5–14. Researchers contacted family members and various Christian schools in their home states across the eastern United States and asked if they would be willing to administer the modified AVQ to their students. The intention was to expand upon knowledge about young children’s attitudes and values related to Christian spirituality. Specifically, the researchers were trying to find if there may be relationships among children’s view of self, view of others, and spirituality. Correlations were run in order to determine if different dimensions, particularly the social growth dimensions and the Christian dimensions, were significantly related. A correlation chart compared all variables and the results indicated that there were strong correlations among the dimensions.
The Impact of Indirect Cost-Reducing Family Policy on Fertility in Canada

Fertility declines have been taking place across Canada in a number of different provincial family policy contexts since the 1960’s. Although previous studies have assessed the impact of direct cost-reducing family policies in Canada, there is no body of work measuring the impact of indirect cost-reducing family policies across the county. The objective of this paper is to determine whether provincial variations in indirect cost-reducing family policy impact fertility. This paper uses provincial unpaid job-protected parental leave lengths as a proxy for indirect cost-reducing family policy contexts. Comparing multivariate and bivariate statistical analyses, I assess the impact of these policies on TFR by province and year from 1976 to 2006, controlling for male income, unemployment, female earnings, female labour force participation, and relative cohort size. It is determined that a positive correlation exists between fertility and unpaid job-protected leave, but whether this is a causal relationship is indeterminate.
Psychometric Properties of the Padua Inventory in an Iranian Sample

To test the validity and reliability of Padua Inventory (PI) on an Iranian population in Shiraz city Iran, this research has been conducted. In the current study, items of PI following translation into Persian were carried out. Along the way, a sample consisting of two groups of subjects as follows: patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who were referred to mental health centers located in Shiraz (n = 100), and healthy individuals (n = 100) who were randomly selected employees of mental health centers, located in Shiraz city. The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s alpha showed a good level of the reliability and confirmed PI factorial structure that was consistent with previous studies. The results showed a significant statistical difference between OCD patients and control participants regarding PI scores with patients showing higher scores to provide evidence of construct validity of PI as an instrument.
The Need for Data Governance: A Case Study

Data governance is an emerging trend in enterprise information management. This paper explores the relationship between IT Governance and Data Governance. Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) compliance requires accurate financial data and to achieve this IT controls are designed to ensure that data is correct and protected from unauthorised change. Data quality is measured by its accuracy, timeliness, relevance, completeness, trustworthiness and contextual definition. Good data quality requires effective data management. The research looks at the need for Data Governance to manage data effectively. This study examines a large organisation that has adopted an ad-hoc Data Governance model to manage its data. It was found that its data management efforts were hampered mainly by the lack of clear roles and responsibilities and the lack of mandate to carry out data quality improvement initiatives. In order to promote effective data management, this research identifies a Data Governance Structure and Framework with the emphasis on collaboration between business and IT to support organisations.
Malt quality of 4 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain varieties grown under low severity of net blotch at Holetta, west Shewa, Ethiopia

°C, respectively. Peak, hot paste, cold paste, breakdown and setback viscosities were ranged 276.5 to 314.9, 176.3 to 218.3, 294.1 to 333.2, 86.3 to 99.6 and 102.4 to 116.4 BU, respectively. The pasting curves indicate no amylo- or -waxy starches with evidence of no damage by sprout- induced α-amylase activity and spray intervals. The varieties Ti matches mashing temperature (64 to 65 °C) used in malt barley brewing. Malts from these grain varieties were prepared under controlled conditions. Malt aroma and flavor was similar with industry malt of sugary sweet taste. Thousand-kernel malting weight loss (TKMWL) was 11 to 13% and is in the range for desirably modified barley grain on malting. The varieties had a malt protein 6.4 to 7.4% and free amino nitrogen (FAN) 124.4 to 140.0 mg/100 g malt (db). The diastatic tendency assessed using malted barley flour as sources of enzymes and refined wheat flour starch as a substrate (1:29) showed a reduction in peak viscosities (mean) of the substrate starch paste from 678.0 to 168.0 BU. The varieties did not show consistent quality requirements in all parameters. Beka and HB 120 were better than HB 52 and Holker in HWE and diastatic tendency. The FAN level was high among HB 120, HB 52 and Holker. The findings indicate that net blotch incidence and severity influenced HWE and filtration time.
Shelf sea tidal currents and mixing fronts determined from ocean glider observations

Abstract. Tides and tidal mixing fronts are of fundamental importance to understanding shelf sea dynamics and ecosystems. Ocean gliders enable the observation of fronts and tide-dominated flows at high resolution. We use dive-average currents from a 2-month (12 October–2 December 2013) glider deployment along a zonal hydrographic section in the north-western North Sea to accurately determine M2 and S2 tidal velocities. The results of the glider-based method agree well with tidal velocities measured by current meters and with velocities extracted from the TPXO tide model. The method enhances the utility of gliders as an ocean-observing platform, particularly in regions where tide models are known to be limited. We then use the glider-derived tidal velocities to investigate tidal controls on the location of a front repeatedly observed by the glider. The front moves offshore at a rate of 0.51 km day −1 . During the first part of the deployment (from mid-October until mid-November), results of a one-dimensional model suggest that the balance between surface heat fluxes and tidal stirring is the primary control on frontal location: as heat is lost to the atmosphere, full-depth mixing is able to occur in progressively deeper water. In the latter half of the deployment (mid-November to early December), a front controlled solely by heat fluxes and tidal stirring is not predicted to exist, yet a front persists in the observations. We analyse hydrographic observations collected by the glider to attribute the persistence of the front to the boundary between different water masses, in particular to the presence of cold, saline, Atlantic-origin water in the deeper portion of the section. We combine these results to propose that the front is a hybrid front: one controlled in summer by the local balance between heat fluxes and mixing and which in winter exists as the boundary between water masses advected to the north-western North Sea from diverse source regions. The glider observations capture the period when the front makes the transition from its summertime to wintertime state. Fronts in other shelf sea regions with oceanic influence may exhibit similar behaviour, with controlling processes and locations changing over an annual cycle. These results have implications for the thermohaline circulation of shelf seas.
Interactive comment on “ Understanding the impact of recent advances in isoprene photooxidation on simulations of regional air quality ”

The present manuscript describes the update of isoprene oxidation in the SAPRC-07 mechanism whithin the CMAQ model. The performance of the model relative to 3 field campaingns over the US is shown to lead to significant improvements. The results are thorougly analized. Finally, a series of sensitivity simulations aimed at evaluating the uncertainty expecially with respect to alky nitrates chemistry are shown. The manuscript is of great interest and falls well within the scope of ACP. It is clear and well structured. I recommend publication after the major comments below are taken into
Inefficiencies in Technology Transfer: Theory and Empirics

Markets for technology can promote innovation by allowing for division of labor in research and development. Some firms may specialize in the discovery of ideas, while others have a comparative advantage in later stages of development and marketing. However, these gains depend on the timing of technology transfer: the buyer of an idea should take over development at the stage at which he has an efficiency advantage. We show that in an environment with asymmetric information about the value of the idea and where this asymmetry decreases as the product is developed, deviations from the optimal timing of technology transfer will occur. We obtain a condition for the optimal timing to take place and show that the intensity of competition between potential buyers has countervailing effects on this condition. An empirical analysis of licensing contracts signed between biotechnology firms and large pharmaceutical firms confirms our theoretical predictions.
Helium in Double-Detonation Models of Type Ia Supernovae

The double-detonation explosion model has been considered a candidate for explaining astrophysical transients with a wide range of luminosities. In this model, a carbon-oxygen white dwarf star explodes following detonation of a surface layer of helium. One potential signature of this explosion mechanism is the presence of unburned helium in the outer ejecta, left over from the surface helium layer. In this paper we present simple approximations to estimate the optical depths of important He i lines in the ejecta of double-detonation models. We use these approximations to compute synthetic spectra, including the He i lines, for double-detonation models obtained from hydrodynamical explosion simulations. Specifically, we focus on photospheric-phase predictions for the near-infrared 10 830 A and 2 μ m lines of He i. We first consider a double detonation model with a luminosity corresponding roughly to normal SNe Ia. This model has a post-explosion unburned He mass of 0.03 M ⊙ and our calculations suggest that the 2 μ m feature is expected to be very weak but that the 10 830 A feature may have modest opacity in the outer ejecta. Consequently, we suggest that a moderate-to-weak He i 10 830 A feature may be expected to form in double-detonation explosions at epochs around maximum light. However, the high velocities of unburned helium predicted by the model (~ 19 000 km s -1 ) mean that the He i 10 830 A feature may be confused or blended with the C i 10 690 A line forming at lower velocities. We also present calculations for the He i 10 830 A and 2 μ m lines for a lower mass (low luminosity) double detonation model, which has a post-explosion He mass of 0.077 M ⊙ . In this case, both the He i features we consider are strong and can provide a clear observational signature of the double-detonation mechanism.
The Effect of the Tax System as an Institutional Factor on the Business Structure in Europe

This chapter focuses on the influence of tax systems and taxation rules on the firm structure of the 28 European Union member economies. It is argued that higher taxes and more complex tax rules lead to smaller firms, and that, on the other hand reduces macroeconomic perfor-mance. It is found that the firm size and corporate tax rates are negatively correlated in case of medium-sized (R=-0.4; p=0.03) and large (R=-0.41; p=0.03) firms. Indications were found that higher transaction costs caused by taxation lead to smaller firms, as a significant negative correlation was found between the number of hours per year needed to administer tax pay-ments, and the share of large firms (R=-0.41 & p=0.03), and also between KPMG’s comment length (an indicator for tax system complexity) and the share of medium-sized firms’ turnover from the total turnover (R=-0.39 & p=0.045). More complicated tax rules might also cause a smaller proportion of firms to grow quicker, but the significance level of these relationships is not very convincing.