Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EPA inhibits the inhibitor of k B a ( I k B a ) / NFk B / muscle RING finger 1 pathway in C 2 C 12 myotubes in a PPAR g-dependent manner

The present study was conducted to evaluate the mechanism by which n-3 PUFA regulates the inhibitor of kBa (IkBa)/NF-kB/muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) pathway in C2C12 myotubes. After treatment with 150, 300 or 600mM-a-linolenic acid (ALA) or -EPA for 24 h in C2C12 myotubes, the levels of phosphorylated IkBa (p-IkBa) and total IkBa were measured by Western blot. Compared with the bovine serum albumin (BSA) control, 150 and 300mM-ALA and -EPA, respectively, did not affect the total IkBa protein level (P.0·05). However, 600mM-EPA, but not 600mM-ALA, prevented IkBa phosphorylation and increased the total IkBa levels (P,0·01). Furthermore, total nuclear protein was isolated and analysed by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay for NF-kB DNA-binding activity after treatment with 600mM-ALA or -EPA for 24 h. EPA (600mM), but not ALA (600mM), decreased the NF-kB DNA-binding activity when compared with BSA (P,0·01). It was further observed that 600mM-EPA caused a 3·38-fold reduction in the levels of MuRF1 mRNA expression compared with BSA (P,0·01). Additionally, 600mM-EPA resulted in a 2·3-fold induction of PPARg mRNA expression (P,0·01). In C2C12 myotubes, PPARg knockdown by RNA interference significantly decreased PPARg mRNA and protein expression to approximately 50 and 60 % (P,0·01), respectively. Interestingly, in C2C12 myotubes with PPARg knockdown, 600mM-ALA and -EPA did not affect the levels of p-IkBa and total IkBa, NF-kB DNA-binding activity or MuRF1 mRNA expression when compared with BSA (P.0·05). These results revealed that EPA, but not ALA, inhibited the IkBa/NF-kB/MuRF1 pathway in C2C12 myotubes in a PPARg-dependent manner.
Title Efficient Example-Based Painting and Synthesis of 2 DDirectional Texture

We present a new method for converting a photo or image to a synthesized painting following the painting style of an example painting. Treating painting styles of brush strokes as sample textures, we reduce the problem of learning an example painting to a texture synthesis problem. The proposed method uses a hierarchical patch-based approach to the synthesis of directional textures. The key features of our method are: 1) Painting styles are represented as one or more blocks of sample textures selected by the user from the example painting; 2) image segmentation and brush stroke directions defined by the medial axis are used to better represent and communicate shapes and objects present in the synthesized painting; 3) image masks and a hierarchy of texture patches are used to efficiently synthesize high-quality directional textures. The synthesis process is further accelerated through texture direction quantization and the use of Gaussian pyramids. Our method has the following advantages: First, the synthesized stroke textures can follow a direction field determined by the shapes of regions to be painted. Second, the method is very efficient; the generation time of a synthesized painting ranges from a few seconds to about one minute, rather than hours, as required by other existing methods, on a commodity PC. Furthermore, the technique presented here provides a new and efficient solution to the problem of synthesizing a 2D directional texture. We use a number of test examples to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method and the high quality of results produced by the method.
Inhibition of Drp 1-mediated mitochondrial fi ssion improves mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics stimulating neurogenesis in hippocampal progenitor cells from a Down syndrome mouse model

Functional and structural damages to mitochondria have been critically associated with the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS), a human multifactorial disease caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and associated with neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability and early neurodegeneration. Recently, we demonstrated in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) isolated from the hippocampus of Ts65Dn mice -a widely used model of DS a severe impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis and reduced NPC proliferation. Here we further investigated the origin of mitochondrial dysfunction in DS and explored a possible mechanistic link among alteration of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial dysfunctions and defective neurogenesis in DS. We first analyzed mitochondrial network and structure by both confocal and transmission electron microscopy as well as by evaluating the levels of key proteins involved in the fission and fusion machinery. We found a fragmentation of mitochondria due to an increase in mitochondrial fission associated with an up-regulation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and a decrease in mitochondrial fusion associated with a down-regulation of mitofusin 2 (Mnf2) and increased proteolysis of optic atrophy 1 (Opa1). Next, using the well-known neuroprotective agent mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1), we assessed whether the inhibition of mitochondrial fission might reverse alteration of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial dysfunctions in DS neural progenitors cells. We demonstrate here for the first time, that Mdivi-1 restores mitochondrial network organization, mitochondrial energy production and ultimately improves proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NPCs. This research paves the way for the discovery of new therapeutic tools in managing some DS-associated clinical manifestations.
TOWARDS OPTIMAL SCAFFOLDING OF LOW ACHIEVERS’ LEARNING:

1 UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Faculty of Education Department of Teacher Education and Centre for Learning Research Doctoral Programme on Learning, Teaching, and Learning Environments Research KAJAMIES, ANU: TOWARDS OPTIMAL SCAFFOLDING OF LOW ACHIEVERS’ LEARNING: Combining intertwined, dynamic, and multi-domain perspectives Doctoral thesis 187 p. Education April 2017 ______________________________________________________________________
Soybean mosaic and stem canker in Iowa soybean fields

iii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Thesis organization 1 Literature review 1 References 10 CHAPTER 2. THE PREVALENCE, INCIDENCE AND SPATIAL DEPENDENCE OF SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS IN IOWA 17 Abstract 17 Introduction 18 Materials and methods 19 Results 22 Discussion 25 Acknowledgements 28 References 28 Tables 32 Figures 34 CHAPTER 3. BIOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE DIAPORTHE/PHOMOPSIS COMPLEX IN SOYBEAN FIELDS IN IOWA 40 Abstract 40 Introduction 41 Materials and methods 44 Results 48 Discussion 51 Acknowledgements 55 References 55 Tables 59 Figures 61 CHAPTER 4. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 63
Association of Body Mass Index with Eating Attitudes , Self Concept and Social Comparison in High School Students

Aim: In this study we aimed to investigate the association of body mass index with eating behaviours and psychosocial characteristics. Method: This was a cross sectional study that utilised a questionnaire form that included data related to socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics of subjects. The data were gathered via student identification form, eating habit inventory Eating Attitude (EAT-40) test”, Piers-Harris Children’s SelfConcept Scale and Social Comparison Scale. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured. The study was conducted among 936 high school students who were randomly sampled through 9 different types of high schools in Bursa city. Results: Among the cases 56.9% were are female (n: 542), and 43.1% were male (n: 411) and the mean age of the whole study group was 15, 74±1, 27. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the students was 21.14±3.43 kg/m2. Of the students; the mean eating attitude test score was 20.59±11.69, the mean self-esteem score was 56.07±10.13, and the mean social comparison scale score was 69.51±25.31. No significant association was found between body weight, eating disorders and self esteem scores (p>0.05). A weight perception problem exists evident as the finding that 50% of thin students and 35.4% of normal weight students thought they were overweight. Approximately, 73% of overweight and 80% of obese students were aware of their status. Conclusions: The development of the adolescents and environmental factors make the group susceptible to eating disorders and this age group needs to be closely monitored.
Chapter 2 The CD 40-CD 40 L dyad in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

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Effects of duration of hydrocollator pack application on pain and back extensor muscle extensibility in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the different durations of superficial heating on pain and back extensor muscle extensibility in individuals with chronic low back pain Materials and methods: Thirty individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain were randomized into one of 3 intervention groups: no heating, 15-min heating, or 30-min heating in lying position. Pain and back extensor muscle extensibility were measured before and immediately after the intervention session. Results: After 15-minute and 30-minute heating, pain significantly decreased but back extensor muscle extensibility was indifferent among 3 groups. Conclusion: Superficial heating has an immediate effect in pain reduction. While, back extensor muscle extensibility is not different, it is therefore suggested to consider other additional interventions. Keywords: Hot pack, Duration, Back pain
LA-13725-MS Radiolysis of Salts and Long-Term Storage Issues for Both Pure and Impure PuO 2 Materials in Plutonium Storage Containers

1 Phase I. Literature Search on the Radiolytic Effects of Ionizing Radiation in High-Salt Environments: Application to Storage of Chlorides that Accompany Plutonium Oxide . 3 Abstract.3 Theory.5 Interaction of Radiation with Solid or Liquid Matter.5 Liquid Water.7 Brine Solutions.10 Fundamental Principles of Radiolysis in Salts . 11 Summary of the Literature Reports on Salt Radiolysis.15 Low-LET Radiation Sources (electrons, β-particles, x-rays, γ-rays, and others). 15 High-LET Radiation Sources (α particles, protons, deutrons, and others). 23 Molten Salt Reactor Experiment.25 Other Matrices.26 Radiation-Induced Thermal Effects in Salts.27 Plutonium Dioxide . 28 Phase II. Significance of the Radiolysis Literature Review to Long-Term Storage of PuO2 Accompanied by Halide Salts.29 Abstract.29 Introduction . 31 Predicting Radiation-Induced Gas Generation in Plutonium Storage Containers.32 1. Extent and Limitation of the Review.32 2. Observations Using the Actinides as Radiation Sources.33 3. Relationship of High-LET Alpha Radiation and Low-LET Radiation Sources . 34 4. Predictions of Alpha Damage in Chloride Salts Stored with PuO2 Isotope.35 5. Predicted Radiation Damage and Mechanisms for Gas Generation from the Salts.38 An estimate of the yield of gaseous products in plutonium storage containers . 38 Formation and Detection of Metal Colloids and Chloride Species.44 Effect of Impurities . 46 Effect of Temperature.47 Annealing Effect and Stored Energy.52 Effect of Particle Size.55 Results from TRIM Monte Carlo Computer Simulations.57 Corrosion and Stress-Corrosion Cracking . 61 Summary . 63 Acknowledgements.64 References.65 Appendices.79 Appendix A. Radiation Dose Rates in Plutonium Oxide.81 Appendix B. Particle Size Effects in PuO2.83 Appendix C. TRIM Particle-Size Analysis.85
Moderating Effect of Government Policies on Marketing Strategy and Tourism Patronage in Nigeria

The tourism industry has been identified as a very vital and popular global human activity that now becomes an economic booster which can contribute to the economic development of Nigeria. However, tourism industry in Nigeria has not been exploited to generate the expected contribution to the socio economic development of the country. This has caused tourism’s failure to solve the problem of over-reliance of oil and gas. This study examined the moderating effect of government policies on tourism patronage in South West Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. A population made up of all tourism destinations in South West Nigeria with population of 85 staff was surveyed and the total enumeration method of sampling was used. The questionnaires returned were 74 which is 87 % response rate. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients for the constructs ranged between 0.72 and 0.93. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (hierarchical regression) statististics. The findings revealed that policies significantly moderated the relationship between Marketing Strategy and Tourism Patronage (r = .899, F (1, 70) = 11.511, R2 = 0.370, p < 0.05). The study concluded that government policies had significant effect on tourism patronage in South West Nigeria. It is recommended that Federal Government of Nigeria should adequately execute policies on tourism to enable tourism develop to their full capacity in Nigeria. The government should make adequate funds available to tourism in Nigeria so that the sector will match with international standards.
OF BIOTITE AND MUSCOVITE FROM ALBORAN BASEMENT SAMPLES , SITE 9761

Ar-Ar dating of muscovite and biotite from high-grade schist and pelitic gneiss cored at Ocean Drilling Program Site 976 in the Alboran Sea yield cooling ages in the range 18.5 to 20 Ma. The difference in mean age of the two minerals is only 0.8 ± Ma, indicating cooling through the range of closure temperatures of these minerals (426 °–330°C) at between 75 ° and 320°C per m.y. during the early Miocene. The Ar-Ar ages are very close to the apatite fission track ages reported from the same r , requiring overall cooling rates of the order of 150 °C/m.y. , and a minimum exhumation rate of 2.5 km/m.y. The mean muscovite age (20.0 ± 0.2 Ma) is ~1 m.y. older than muscovite Ar-Ar ages reported from high-grade metamorphic basement in the a cent Betic Cordillera of southern Spain. This implies that there was a regional thermal event across much of the Alboran re , but that small differences in cooling age may be detectable. The thermal event, and the subsequent rapid exhumation metamorphic basement, coincide in time with the extensional tectonic event that created the Alboran Sea basin, sugges causal link between these processes.
Speech Recognition in the Interpreter Workstation

In recent years, computer-assisted interpreting (CAI) programs have been used by professional interpreters to prepare for assignments, to organize terminological data, and to share event-related information with colleagues. One of the key features of such tools is the ability to support users in accessing terminology during simultaneous interpretation. The main drawback is that the database is queried manually, adding an additional cognitive effort to the interpreting process. This disadvantage could be addressed by automating the querying system through the use of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), as recent advances in Artificial Intelligence have considerably increased the quality of this technology. In order to be successfully integrated in an interpreter workstation, however, both ASR and CAI tools must fulfil a series of specific requirements. For example, ASR must be truly speaker-independent, have a short reaction time, and be accurate in the recognition of specialized vocabulary. On the other hand, CAI tools face some challenges regarding current implementations, and need to support the handling of morphological variants and to offer new ways to present the extracted data. In this paper we define and analyse a framework for ASR-CAI integration, present a prototype and discuss prospective developments.
The Fatty Acids Composition and Health Lipid Indices in the Sheep Raw Milk Under a Pasture-Based Dairy System

This research was conducted to study fatty acids composition, especially content of n-3 FA; c9,t11-CLA (rumenic acid) and t11-C18:1 (vaccenic acid) and health lipid indices of milk according to the feeding practices in sheep. The exeperimental diets consisted of: P pasture without any diet supplementation, PC pasture + standard concentrate (500 g/d), PCs pasture + fat-enriched concentrate (camelina seedbased concentrate: 500 g/d). Camelina seeds (Cs Camelina sativa L) were used to increase the beneficial FA concentration in milk fat. PC diet as compared to P diet increases daily milk yield and the content of milk fat, but it adversely affects the quality of milk fats. Fat in the milk of PC ewes had a higher content of hypercholesterolemic FA, while the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) concentration decreased (p < 0.001). The use Cs in the concentrate mixture (PCs diet) increased by more than double the c9,t11-CLA, C20:5n-3 (EPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), C18:3n-3 (ALA) and t11-C18:1 (VA) (p < 0.001) in milk fat, without any negative effects on milk yield and composition. Beneficial changes of health lipid indices milk fat (atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, n-6/n-3 FA) were detected when the diet of ewes was supplemented with fat-enriched concentrate (PCs group) because of high concentration of c9,t11-CLA, n-3 FA which has sanogenic properties. It is concluded that, when pasture quality and availability do not limit dairy production, supplementation of grazing ewes with concentrate mixture is not recommended, because compromised the milk FA profile. The using camelina seeds in strategies for supplementing the diet of ewes on pastures is a good choice both for the daily milk yield and even more so for the sanogenetic quality of milk fats.
Involved in the Amplification of the 11-yr Solar Cycle Signal in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

It is debated whether the response of the tropical Pacific Ocean to the 11-yr solar cycle forcing resembles a La Niña– or El Niño–like signal. To address this issue, ensemble simulations employing an atmospheric general circulation model with and without ocean coupling are conducted. The coupled simulations show no evidence for a La Niña–like cooling in solar maxima. Instead, the tropical sea surface temperature rises almost in phase with the 11-yr solar cycle. A basinwide warming of about 0.1 K is simulated in the tropical Pacific, whereas the warming in the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans is weaker. In the western Pacific, the region of deep convection shifts to the east, thus reducing the surface easterlies. This shift is independent of the ocean coupling because deep convection moves to the east in the uncoupled simulations too. The reduced surface easterlies cool the subsurface but warm the surface due to the reduction of heat transport divergence. The latter mechanism operates together with water vapor feedback, resulting in a stronger tropical Pacific warming relative to the warming over the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans. These results suggest that the atmospheric response to the 11-yr solar cycle drives the tropical Pacific response, which is amplified by atmosphere–ocean feedbacks operating on decadal time scales. Based on the coupled simulations, it is concluded that the tropical Pacific Ocean should warm when the sun is more active.
Syddansk Universitet Lung fibroblasts share mesenchymal stem cell features which are altered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via the overactivation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway

Citation for pulished version (APA): Figeac, F. , Dagouassat, M. , Mahrouf-Yorgov, M. , Le Gouvello, S. , Trébeau, C. , Sayed, A. , . Rodriguez, A-M. (2015). Lung fibroblasts share mesenchymal stem cell features which are altered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via the overactivation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. P L o S One, 10(3), [e0121579]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0121579
Experiences of support services for eating disorders in Ireland: an exploratory study

The purpose of this MSc project was to investigate qualitatively eating disorder (ED) patients‟ perspectives on their treatment experiences and expectations, within the Irish context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive female sample of current (N=11) and discharged (N=3) ED service users, ranging in age from 18 to 31 years (M= 23.21, SD= 4.19). An interpretive thematic analytic approach, comprising both inductive and deductive methods of analysis, was employed to identify key themes in the data. Participants described the importance of both structural aspects of the treatment environment and interpersonal aspects of care for therapeutic engagement. Of particular importance was a therapeutic approach which guided participants to a personal understanding of their ED. Participants underscored the value of supportive relationships which emphasised reciprocal exchange, and the need for collaboration and control in treatment decisions. Findings provide several practical recommendations for ways in which current ED services in Ireland might more effectively meet the need of service users. An in-depth understanding of treatment factors that both strengthen and weaken engagement for ED patients can inform health policy and future service development, enhancing the quality of care provided.
Sugarcane growth, sucrose accumulation and invertase activities under trinexapac-ethyl treatment

Since the 1980s Brazilian sugarcane growers and mills have used chemical ripeners to reach higher industrial yield, increase profits and broaden the harvesting season of sugarcane. Trinexapac-ethyl (TE), one of the main ripeners used in Brazil, suppresses vegetative growth and favors sucrose accumulation in sugarcane stems by inhibiting the biosynthesis of GA1 (Gibberelic acid isoform 1) from GA20. So far, little research has been done on the physiological effects of this ripener. The present research was undertaken to determine the effects of the chemical ripener trinexapac-ethyl upon sugarcane growth, sucrose accumulation and soluble and wall bound invertase activities. The experiment was installed in a second ratoon area of the sugarcane variety SP81-3250 in Pradópolis, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and arranged in randomized blocks (split-plots). Trinexapac-ethyl was applied at a rate of 0.2 L of active ingredient per hectare. The results suggest that this ripener can be used to increase sugar yield and its repressive effect on vegetative growth does not affect stalk productivity. The activity of soluble acid invertase in young stem tissues can be used as a reliable biochemical parameter to determine the response of sugarcane to the trinexapac-ethyl. Additional keywords: Saccharum; gibberellin inhibition; sugar metabolism; sucrose yield; chemical ripener.
Molecular Traffic Jams on DNA

All aspects of DNA metabolism—including transcription, replication, and repair—involve motor enzymes that move along genomic DNA. These processes must all take place on chromosomes that are occupied by a large number of other proteins. However, very little is known regarding how nucleic acid motor proteins move along the crowded DNA substrates that are likely to exist in physiological settings. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding how DNA-binding motor proteins respond to the presence of other proteins that lie in their paths. We highlight recent single-molecule biophysical experiments aimed at addressing this question, with an emphasis placed on analyzing the single-molecule, ensemble biochemical, and in vivo data from a mechanistic perspective. 241 A nn u. R ev . B io ph ys . 2 01 3. 42 :2 41 -2 63 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w . a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y U ni ve rs ity o f T ex as A us tin o n 07 /1 2/ 18 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. BB42CH11-Greene ARI 3 April 2013 2:51 DNA-binding motor proteins: proteins that utilize the energy derived from the hydrolysis of NTPs to move along DNA substrates smFRET: single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer