Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communicating Creativity on YouTube: What and for Whom?

This article addresses nonprofessional users' expressions of everyday creativity on YouTube, adopting the idea that making entails connecting on different levels. By combining different materials and ideas into a video and sharing it within the social context of the platform, uploaders can connect with its enormous audience. In our first study, we explore patterns in the elements that are used when creating a video. We also question whether these pattern combinations are aimed at different types of viewers. Our results show that videos with self-made content that display various skills are mainly targeted at viewers situated close to the uploader (e.g., family, friends). However, videos that incorporate instances of popular culture, either as a whole (e.g., a pop concert recording) or in part (e.g., remixed with other content), are directed at a much broader audience. In our second study, we question whether these self-made videos convey a message about uploaders' personality traits commonly linked to creative behavior. We found that independent observers are able to accurately predict the uploaders' actual openness to experience, a trait marked as the substrate of creativity. Next, we discuss our results in light of a pessimistic view of today's democratized culture. We show that uploaders appear to have a tacit knowledge of what kind of videos are interesting for what type of viewers. We conclude that, despite the lowered barriers to the production and dissemination of video, YouTube viewers are still able to identify variations in the personality trait most commonly associated to creativity.
Assessing Entrepreneurial Inclinations

example, developmental psychologists consider that an occupation is chosen in the light of the fluctuating importance of personal abilities, values, endrocine make up and experience in taking various roles, Super (1984). In contrast, sociologists suggest that little choice is exercised in the selection of occupations; individuals &dquo;simply take what is available&dquo;, Roberts (1977). The sociological perspective is worthy of note but it is important to remember that the majority of entrepreneurs in the UK are employed prior to business start-up and it is clear that in abandoning employment in incubator organisations in favour of selfemployment many exercise a degree of choice (Cross, 1981; and Birley, Cromie and Myers, 1990). A number of attempts have been made to enumerate those personal characteristics which predispose individuals to choose business
Multifocal motor neuropathy: Response to human immune globulin

Multifocal motor neuroparrhy (MMN) is a progressive disorder producing asymmetrical weakness and muscle wasting. Case reports suggest that patients with MMN improve after cyclophosphamide therapy, but not after prednisone or plasmapheresis, Because MMN is likely to be immune mediated, we investigated the therapeutic response to human immue globulin (HIG) in an open, uncontrolled trial. Nine patients, ages 28 to 58 years, had chronic, progressive, asymmetrical, predominantly distral, limb weakness for 5 to 18 years, Sensation was normal, and reflexes were reduced asymmetrically. All had physiological evidence of multifocal motor demyelination with partial motor conduction block, and 7 had elevated serun titers of anti‐GMI IgM antibody. All patients were treated with HIG, 106 to 2.4 gm/ kg. , given intravenously over 3 to 5 days. Strength inproved in all patients 3 10 days after treatment, with improvement peaking at 2 weeks and lasting for an average of 2 months. The range of functional improvement veried from dramatic to mild. The degree of partial motor conduction block was reduced, at least partially, in 7 to 8 patients. The serum anti‐GM1 antibody titers did not change. Repeated courses of HIG resulted in similar improvements. We conculde that HIg may be an effective therapy for patients with MMN.
Is the Collapse of Agricultural Output in the CEECs a Good Indicator of Economic Performance? A Total Factor Productivity Analysis

This paper analyzes total factor productivity (TFP) growth in agriculture for the ten Central and East European countries (CEECs) that began formal negotiations for EU accession in September 1998. A panel data set is constructed consisting of pooled time series data for the ten CEECs from 1993 to 2002, and it is used to estimate a time-varying stochastic production frontier. A Malmquist index of TFP growth is estimated and decomposed into efficiency change and technical change. The results show that despite the fall in output, TFP growth rates were positive for all ten CEECs. This suggests that the collapse of agricultural output in the CEECs is not necessarily a good indicator of agricultural performance. An analysis that only focuses on output decline provides a partial and misleading interpretation of the success of agricultural reforms. Also, estimates of technical efficiency confirm the hypothesis that large-scale farming performs better than small-scale farming when markets are missing and economic conditions are uncertain.
The Information Content of Private Debt Placements

Private placements of straight nonbank debt by publicly traded firms elicit a positive stock price reaction on average, consistent with a market perception that they confer significant certification and monitoring benefits on borrowers. However, long-run stock returns following the debt issues are significantly lower than benchmarks. Our results are consistent with the view that firms issue private debt prior to a decline in operating performance, and they disclose overly optimistic information in the pre-issue period which prevents information on the upcoming downturn from reaching the market in a timely manner. Lenders have private information on the post-issue performance decline prior to their lending decision, and take steps to protect their investment which do not benefit equity investors. Our results are inconsistent with certification and monitoring benefits accruing to equity investors from private nonbank debt. Copyright (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Forced Displacement in Colombia: What Determines Expulsion and Reception in Municipalities?

Abstract This document explores the expulsion and reception determinants of displaced people among Colombian municipalities. For this purpose, we use fixed effects panel data estimations for the period 2004–2009, with municipality year as the unit of analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper in Colombia that focuses on reception and the first one using panel data at municipal level to explain expulsion and reception. We find that, contrary to what one may expect, some independent variables affect both expulsion and reception of displaced people in the same direction; for instance, municipalities where homicide rates and conflict intensity are high, are associated with both higher reception and expulsion rates. In addition to the conventional panel data estimation, we also run a fixed effect vector decomposition to identify the explicit effects of certain time-invariant variables.
Environmental DNA method for estimating salamander distribution in headwater streams, and a comparison of water sampling methods

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has recently been used for detecting the distribution of macroorganisms in various aquatic habitats. In this study, we applied an eDNA method to estimate the distribution of the Japanese clawed salamander, Onychodactylus japonicus, in headwater streams. Additionally, we compared the detection of eDNA and hand-capturing methods used for determining the distribution of O. japonicus. For eDNA detection, we designed a qPCR primer/probe set for O. japonicus using the 12S rRNA region. We detected the eDNA of O. japonicus at all sites (with the exception of one), where we also observed them by hand-capturing. Additionally, we detected eDNA at two sites where we were unable to observe individuals using the hand-capturing method. Moreover, we found that eDNA concentrations and detection rates of the two water sampling areas (stream surface and under stones) were not significantly different, although the eDNA concentration in the water under stones was more varied than that on the surface. We, therefore, conclude that eDNA methods could be used to determine the distribution of macroorganisms inhabiting headwater systems by using samples collected from the surface of the water.
Monetary Policy and Long-term Interest Rates

This paper documents some new empirical results about the monetary policy and long-term interest rates in the United States. It shows that changes in the monetary policy stance are more predictable to the bond market in the 1990s than in the 1970s. This shift in the predictability of the monetary policy actions affects the policyi¯s impact on long-term interest rates as well as the forecasting power of the yield spread for the future changes in short-term interest rates.
Have Employees in Germany Received Full Wage Compensation after a Cut in Standard Hours?

The effect of standard hours on the hourly wage rate is important in assessing whether work-sharing is likely to be a successful policy. Furthermore, it determines whether unions have achieved their goal of keeping the monthly income of employees constant after a cut in standard hours (income compensation) or whether employees experience reductions in monthly income (income sharing). However, the standard hours elasticity of the hourly wage rate has rarely been estimated. This study reports evidence for Germany, 1995-99, using the IAB Establishment Panel. The results imply income compensation for plants with a bargaining agreement, but income sharing for plants without a bargaining agreement. No evidence is found for the Calmfors and Driffill hypothesis that postulates that wage demands are more moderate if unions operate at the firm level than if bargaining takes place at the industry level. Copyright © 2006 The Author; Journal compilation © Blackwell Publishing Ltd and The University of Manchester 2006.
Antioxidative and haematoprotective activity of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental pollutant, which exerts adverse effects mainly by inducing oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamin E (VE), naturally occurring antioxidants, improve health condition by inactivating free radicals and enhancing antioxidative defence. The aim of our study was to investigate the protective role of CoQ10 and/or VE pretreatment against Cd-induced haematotoxicity. Wistar albino rats were intramuscularly injected with CoQ10 (20 mg/kg b.w.) and/or VE (20 IU/kg b.w.) or with saline (control group). After 24 h, Cd was injected intraperitoneally (0.4 mg/kg b.w.) and 1 day after, animals were sacrificed. Acute Cd intoxication caused significant changes in haematological and biochemical parameters and altered the glutathione cycle, leading to the formation of lipid peroxidation, while the concentrations and activities of antioxidants (vitamins C and E, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were decreased. CoQ10 and/or VE significantly maintained these values to near-normal levels, afforded additional protection by reducing lipid peroxidation and improved the levels of antioxidants in the blood. Plasma CoQ10 and VE levels negatively correlated with oxidative damage parameters while positively correlated with antioxidative defence parameters. Regarding their effects, CoQ10 and VE were in synergistic interaction. The present study suggested that CoQ10 and VE combination may be beneficial in protecting from Cd-induced haematotoxicity and may be used as a preventive against acute Cd intoxication of exposed people.
Institutions in International Relations: Understanding the Effects of the GATT and the WTO on World Trade

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) have been touted as premier examples of international institutions, but few studies have offered empirical proof. This article comprehensively evaluates the effects of the GATT/WTO and other trade agreements since World War II. Our analysis is organized around two factors: institutional standing and institutional embeddedness. We show that many countries had rights and obligations, or institutional standing, in the GATT/WTO even though they were not formal members of the agreement. We also expand the analysis to include a range of other commercial agreements that were embedded with the GATT/WTO. Using data on dyadic trade since 1946, we demonstrate that the GATT/WTO substantially increased trade for countries with institutional standing, and that other embedded agreements had similarly positive effects. Moreover, our evidence suggests that international trade agreements have complemented, rather than undercut, each other.An earlier version of this article was presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, August 28–31, 2003. We thank Tim Büthe, Joanne Gowa, Miles Kahler, Andrew Rose, Arthur Stein, Richard Steinberg, and seminar participants at Stanford University, the University of Chicago (PIPES), the University of California, Los Angeles, the University of California, San Diego, and the University of Virginia, for many helpful comments. We especially thank Claire Adida, Ashley Conner, Moonhawk Kim, Erin Krampetz, James Morrison, Mike Nardis, Natan Sachs, Rachel Rubinfeld, and Jessica Weeks for excellent research assistance. We are grateful for financial support from the National Science Foundation (CAREER grant SES-0548285 to Tomz), the Stanford Center for International Development, and the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education at Stanford.
Predicting destination choice — A discussion of destination loyalty

Successfully predicting tourism destination choice by potential travellers would be an invaluable advantage to managers and marketers. This paper reviews the literature on brand loyalty, destination choice and repeat visitation behaviour. Based on this review it argues that previous destination choice over a long time period would provide the necessary information to segment (potential) tourists into loyalty segments which in turn will provide destination marketers with valuable information for more cost-effective target marketing. While this article does not test the predictive value of the loyalty typology, it suggests that there is a close linkage between previous destination purchase history and future purchase behaviour.
A gravity equation for commuting with an application to estimating regional border effects in Belgium

This article derives a gravity equation for commuting and uses it to identify the effect of regional borders on commuting. We build on the seminal trade paper by Anderson and Van Wincoop (2003, Gravity with gravitas: a solution to the border puzzle. The American Economic Review, 93: 170–192) and highlight some interesting similarities between our model and Wilson’s doubly constrained gravity equation [Wilson, A. (2010) Entropy in urban and regional modelling: retrospect and prospect. Geographical analysis, 42: 364–394], a workhorse model from spatial interaction theory. The model is estimated by applying a negative binomial regression method on Belgian inter-municipal commuting data. We show that regional borders exert a sizeable residual deterrent effect on commuting, a finding with obvious implications for regional labour market integration. This border effect differs significantly between regions and depends on the direction in which the border is crossed.
Identification and preliminary characterization of a chitinase gene in the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome.

A functional chitinase gene (chiA) has been identified in the genome of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV). It is expressed in the late phase of virus replication in insect cells. High levels of both endo- and exochitinase activity were detected by 12 hr p.i. and remained stable throughout infection. An AcMNPV chiA protein-specific antibody was prepared using recombinant material prepared in bacteria. This was used to demonstrate that a product of approximately 58 kDa was synthesised in virus-infected cells. Immunofluorescence analysis of virus-infected cells showed that most chitinase was located in the cytoplasm. Primer extension analysis of mRNA from AcMNPV-infected cells confirmed that transcription initiated from a baculovirus late start site (TAAG), 14 nucleotides upstream from the putative translation initiation codon. The predicted protein sequence of the AcMNPV chiA shares extensive sequence similarity with chitinases from bacteria and, in particular, the Serratia marcescens chitinase A (60.5% identical residues). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that AcMNPV, or an ancestral baculovirus, acquired the chitinase gene from a bacterium via horizontal gene transfer.
Aid heterogeneity: looking at aid effectiveness from a different angle

The paper uses an aid disaggregation approach to examine the impact of different aid modalities on the fiscal sector of the aid-recipient country. It uses time-series data on different types of development aid (project aid, programme aid, technical assistance and food aid) for Uganda, an important aid recipient in recent years, to estimate a model of fiscal response in the presence of aid which combines aid heterogeneity and endogenous aid. The empirical findings clearly suggest the importance of the above approach for delving deeper into aid effectiveness issues since different aid categories have different effects on key fiscal variables-an impact that could not be revealed if a single figure for aid were employed. Project and food aids appear to cause a reduction in public investment whereas programme aid and technical assistance are positively related to public investment. The same applies for government consumption. A negligible impact on government tax and non-tax revenues, and a strong displacement of government borrowing are also found. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular mechanisms of mucormycosis—The bitter and the sweet

During the past 2 decades, mucormycosis has become the third most common invasive fungal infection in patients with hematological malignancies and organ transplantations [1]. This life-threatening disease is caused by ubiquitous fungi in the order Mucorales, predominantly by Rhizopus species including R. delemar and R. oryzae. Other common causative organisms include species of Mucor, Lichtheimia (previously Absidia), Apophysomyces, Rhizomucor, and Cunninghamella [1, 2]. The main risk factors for developing mucormycosis are neutropenia due to cancer treatment, hematopoietic and solid organ transplantation, diabetes mellitus, in particular when presenting with ketoacidosis (DKA), and other forms of acidosis. However, immunocompetent subjects can be affected when afflicted with trauma (e.g., soldiers in combat operations and patients with injuries due to natural disasters) [3, 4]. It is likely that mucormycosis will continue to increase in incidence because the number of organ transplantations, cancer patients, and diabetic patients is on the rise. Just in the United States in 2015, the number of transplant patients exceeded 30,000, with an increase of nearly 5% over 2014 (Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network [OPTN]). According to WHO, the number of people affected by diabetes quadrupled in the past 4 decades, reaching >420 million in 2014. Additionally, due to global warming, natural disasters with outbreaks of mucormycosis are likely to occur with higher frequency, similar to what happened with the 2004 Southeast Asia tsunami [5] and the 2011 Joplin tornado [4]. Despite current treatment options, which often include widespread disfiguring surgical intervention and antifungal therapy, mortality rates due to mucormycosis range between 50%–100% [6]. Consequently, novel strategies to prevent and/or treat mucormycosis are needed and can be facilitated by understanding the pathogenesis of the disease.
El Niño Southern Oscillation and the fishmeal–soya bean meal price ratio: regime-dependent dynamics revisited

The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts commodity production and prices around the world. This study revisits fishmeal–soya bean meal price ratio dynamics and examines it in relation to the ENSO anomalies. A smooth transition autoregressive modelling framework is applied to assess nonlinearities in the ENSO–price ratio relationship, and generalised impulse–response functions and derived asymmetry functions are utilised to illustrate characteristic features of the estimated model dynamics. The results suggest economically meaningful impacts of ENSO on the price ratio dynamics, and indicate statistical significance of these effects for up to one year after the ENSO shocks.
The Association Between Client Factors and Audit Fees: a Comparison by Country and by Firm

Abstract This study investigates whether the factors identified by prior research as being associated with intra-country Big Eight audit fees are consistent (i) among countries (across the Big Eight) and (ii) among Big Eight auditing firms (across countries). Fees from 410 audits in five countries were analysed. Results indicate a similarity in the influence of client size and complexity variables among four of the five country audit-fee models and among seven of the Big Eight audit-fee models.
Oral zinc sulfate treatment for viral warts: An open‐label study

Viral warts, which are caused by the human papilloma virus, are a common problem in dermatology. Various modalities have been used to treat warts, but none are uniformly effective or directly antiviral. Recent studies show that oral zinc sulfate could be effective in the treatment of viral warts. Thirty‐one patients with multiple, non‐genital viral warts were recruited in this open‐label clinical study. The patients were treated with oral zinc sulfate (10 mg/kg to a maximum dose of 600 mg/day) for 2 months and followed up with assessments for the resolution of their warts and for any evidence of recurrence after treatment. Among the 31 patients, 18 patients showed low serum zinc levels (58%). Of 26 patients who completed the study (84%), 13 (50%) showed complete resolution of their warts after 2 months of treatment. Complete responders remained free of lesions at 6‐month follow‐up. No serious side‐effects were reported apart from nausea (16%), mild gastric pain (3%) and itching sensation (3%). Oral zinc sulfate was found to be a good option in the treatment of viral warts, as it was safe and effective without important side‐effects.