Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Post-Socialist Capitalism

IN THE TWO DECADES OR SO FOLLOWING 1989, the countries of East Central Europe were transformed into market economies and liberal democracies, and became members of NATO and the European Union. Both the economic and the political transformations were radical; indeed the transition from socialism to capitalism was without precedent. Prior to the changes in East Central Europe, the (endogenous) development of capitalism in Europe has been much analysed by historians; and political economists had investigated the externally driven integration of ‘underdeveloped’ and formerly colonial countries into global economic systems. However, it was a step into the unknown to contemplate the creation of capitalism out of a developed, highly articulated socio-economic entity that had, with some success, been a significant challenger to the West for a number of decades. Based on central planning and with around 90% of the economy in state ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange, East Central Europe under communist rule had been dominated by political structures that had rejected whole-heartedly both private ownership and the very logic of the market. The following analysis seeks to identify the genesis and differentia specie of this postsocialist capitalism. It is empirical but not empiricist in conception. It is informed theoretically by the following scarcely contentious propositions: that what has emerged in post-socialist Eastern Europe is a form of capitalism; that it is a historically unique form of capitalism since, however the experience of the 1945–1989 period might be branded (for example as socialism, state socialism, state capitalism, or deformed workers’ state), the transition from that socio-economic entity to capitalism had not happened before; and that it is therefore analytically useful to try to identify its specific characteristics. Post-socialist capitalist democracy in Eastern Europe was fired in the crucible of four forces. The first of these was the socialist legacy, which left its imprint in the social, cultural and economic spheres. The second was equally an element of the
Long‐term assessment of efficacy and safety of L1, an oral iron chelator, in transfusion dependent thalassaemia: Indian trial

Summary. From August 1989 to May 1991. 52 patients with transfusion dependent thalassaemia major received L1 (1.2‐dimethyl‐3‐hydroxypyrid‐4‐one), the oral iron chelator, for a period of 3–21 months (mean±SD: 14.2±6.8). Mean (±SD) urinary iron excretion varied from 6.2±4.6 mg/d on 25 mg/kg/d of L1 to 42.3±37.1 mg/d on 100 mg/kg/d of L1. Mean (±SD) drop in S ferritin was 1465±990 μg/l after 5.0±0.8 months to 3641.2 ±2299.3 μg/l after 20.1 ±0.9 months of therapy. There was no evidence of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, ear or eye toxicity. L1‐related arthralgia, which was reversible on dose reduction or stoppage, was seen in 20 patients (38.5%), while minor gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms occurred in seven (3.5%) cases.
Die Herausforderung globaler Klimawandel

Abstract At least half of the global warming observed during the 20th century of about 0.8◦C is of anthropogenic origin and mostly due to enhanced atmospheric carbon dioxide levels in response to the burning of fossil fuels. The climate problem is therefore closely linked to the way we produce energy. Climate models predict a massive warming by the end of the century should global greenhouse gas emissions not be strongly reduced. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that the warming can amount to up to 4◦C in a worst case scenario, which would be unprecedented in speed and extent in man’s history. This can lead to an increase of extreme weather events and a rise of global sea level by up to 1m. A less known impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide is ocean acidification, as the oceans take up large amounts of carbon dioxide. Ocean acidification potentially threatens marine life and global food production.
How States Developed Plans to Meet a Federal Mandate: Addressing the Challenges of the Child and Family Services Reviews

Much of the child welfare literature addresses risk factors, incidence, and consequences of abuse and neglect, and innovative programs, services, and interventions designed to serve atrisk and maltreated children, youth, and their families. Less attention has been given to how state and local governments oversee the public child welfare system and respond to federal mandates, especially in achieving positive outcomes for this vulnerable population. In 1997, the Congress enacted the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA). This legislation mandates that all states meet certain performance and accountability standards regarding safety, permanency, and well-being of children served by their child welfare systems. These issues are important for the approximately 500,000 children in foster care at any point in time. There is also significant concern for the millions of children involved in the child welfare system through investigations, court proceedings, and both mandated and voluntary services. A significant effort resulting from ASFA is the Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs). The myriad requirements under ASFA and the CFSRs create a federal mandate for changes in the way state child welfare systems meet the needs of the children, youth, and families they serve and a process for improving federally defined outcomes. This study examined how states responded to federal requirements of the CFSRs. Specifically, it looked at how states proposed to address shortcomings identified in relation to two individual child and family well-being outcomes and two systemic factors where they had
Deep Multi-User Reinforcement Learning for Distributed Dynamic Spectrum Access

We consider the problem of dynamic spectrum access for network utility maximization in multichannel wireless networks. The shared bandwidth is divided into $K$ orthogonal channels. In the beginning of each time slot, each user selects a channel and transmits a packet with a certain transmission probability. After each time slot, each user that has transmitted a packet receives a local observation indicating whether its packet was successfully delivered or not (i.e., ACK signal). The objective is a multi-user strategy for accessing the spectrum that maximizes a certain network utility in a distributed manner without online coordination or message exchanges between users. Obtaining an optimal solution for the spectrum access problem is computationally expensive, in general, due to the large-state space and partial observability of the states. To tackle this problem, we develop a novel distributed dynamic spectrum access algorithm based on deep multi-user reinforcement leaning. Specifically, at each time slot, each user maps its current state to the spectrum access actions based on a trained deep-Q network used to maximize the objective function. Game theoretic analysis of the system dynamics is developed for establishing design principles for the implementation of the algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the strong performance of the algorithm.
ACHIEVEMENT GAP IN THE HIGHLY SELECTIVE GERMAN SCHOOL SYSTEM: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES FOR EQUITABLE EDUCATION IN A PRIMARY SCHOOL

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Rationale . 3 Definitions . 8 Overview of Thesis . 10 CHAPTER TWO: SITUATING THE SCHOOL IN THE GERMAN CONTEXT . 12 Immigration to Germany . 12 Attitudes towards the Notion of an Immigrant Country.14 The German School System . 17 Structure and Responsibilities . 18 Characteristics of the German School System.21 Immigrant Students in the German School System . 25 Teacher Attitudes towards Immigrant Students . 28 Summary . 30 CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW.31 The Construction of Cultural Differences . 31 Construction of “the Other” Student in the German School System.34 Homogenization, Normalization, and Blindness towards Differences . 39 Positive Perspective on Diversity: Egalitarian Difference and Multiperspective on Differences . 42 Hybridity and Intersectionality – the Third Way . 46 Pedagogical Reactions to Diversity.50 Ausländerpädagogik . 50 From Deficit over Difference to Diversity . 52
Accounting for Multiplicities in Assessing Drug Safety: A Three‐Level Hierarchical Mixture Model

Summary. Multiple comparisons and other multiplicities are among the most difficult of problems that face statisticians, frequentists, and Bayesians alike. An example is the analysis of the many types of adverse events (AEs) that are recorded in drug clinical trials. We propose a three‐level hierarchical mixed model. The most basic level is type of AE. The second level is body system, each of which contains a number of types of possibly related AEs. The highest level is the collection of all body systems. Our analysis allows for borrowing across body systems, but there is greater potential—depending on the actual data—for borrowing within each body system. The probability that a drug has caused a type of AE is greater if its rate is elevated for several types of AEs within the same body system than if the AEs with elevated rates were in different body systems. We give examples to illustrate our method and we describe its application to other types of problems.
Optimal 100% Excess Bandwidth Signaling in Cochannel Interference

The problem of transmitter-receiver (T-R) filter design for detection of a binary phase-shift keying signal in asynchronous cochannel interference and Gaussian noise is considered. It is shown that maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) can be achieved only if the T-R filters have a flat spectrum with 100% excess bandwidth. The bit error probability (BEP) performance of a system with the proposed filters is compared to that of a system with conventional root raised-cosine filters both for perfect and imperfect timing recovery cases. It is shown that the proposed filter design is superior to the conventional root raised-cosine filters both in having larger SINR and smaller BEP
Model Behavior Analysis of Stock Market Indicators and Listed Companies: Evidence from the Ghana Stock Exchange: Automated versus Floor Trading

This article studies the model behavior analysis of stock market indicators and listed companies on the GhanaStock Exchange (GSE) over a five year period. The Ghana Stock Exchange transferred from floor trading toautomation in June 2009. The GSE operates an up to date market for recurrently traded securities and an auctioncall for rarely traded securities. Data for this study was extracted from GSE’s profile of listed companies (factbook) for the period under investigation. The study results show a significant progress on stock marketindicators within 2007 to 2011 in dividend yield, volume traded, share price, market capitalization and marketreturns following the automation in mid 2009, equity premium however, decreased and no significant effects onliquidity were detected. The study further revealed that, the introduction of the electronic trading system hassignificantly increased the tempo of trading activities on the Ghanaian Stock Market. The study recommends theGSE to accommodate all quoted securities as this will promote and improve fund raising for investors.
Planning a City through ‘Dialogue’: Deliberative Policy-making in Action in Western Australia

Deliberative policy-making is an alternative method of generating new planning strategies based on the public deliberation of citizens and stakeholders. Four ideals of deliberative policy-making espoused by deliberative democracy theorists are identified. Using this framework the ‘Dialogue with the City’ process undertaken by the Western Australian Government to develop the Network City spatial planning strategy for the Perth metropolitan region is examined. While this process went further than most towards realising the ideals of deliberative policy-making, the Government was not able to fully achieve the ideals of inclusive decision-making, equitable decision-making, deliberation toward the common good and consensus decision-making. It is most likely that the deliberative approach to policy-making does not represent a new model for governing; rather, these participation techniques constitute a more sophisticated model for involving citizens and stakeholders in planning.
Reduction of Computational Efforts in Finite Element-Based Permanent Magnet Traction Motor Optimization

This paper presents a method for reducing computational time in constrained single objective optimization problems related to permanent magnet motors modeled using computationally intensive finite element method. The method is based on differential evolution algorithm. The principal approach is to interrupt the evaluation of inequality constraints after encountering the constraint which is violated and continue their evaluation only if better solutions are obtained in comparison with the candidate vector from the previous generation both in terms of inequality constraints and the cost function. This approach avoids unnecessary time consuming finite element calculations required for solving the inequality constraints and saves the overall optimization time without affecting the convergence rate. The main features of this approach and how it complements the existing method for handling inequality constraints in Differential Evolution algorithm is demonstrated on design optimization of an interior permanent magnet motor for the low-floor tram TMK 2200. The motor geometry is optimized for maximum torque density.
Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thinning Measured with Different Imaging Methods during the Course of Acute Optic Neuritis

Purpose TO compare retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and inner macula thickness changes measured with Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry during the course of acute optic neuritis (ON). Methods Nine eyes of 7 consecutive patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were prospectively imaged from the onset of ON for 6 to 12 months. Nine healthy eyes were imaged for 12 to 19 months. Results Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured with FD-OCT initially increased in all eyes with diffuse optic disc edema. Inner macula thickness and Polarimetric RNFLT decreased already in the acute phase, in all eyes. All parameters stabilized at 2 to 5 months. The relative structural loss was different with the different Methods. Poor image quality with polarimetry occurred in 2 eyes in the acute phase of ON. In the control eyes all parameters were stable. Conclusions Change of RNFLT and macular thickness during the course of acute ON in MS strongly depends on the method used for the measurement. Inner macula thickness, measured with FD-OCT, was especially useful for the follow-up, since it was not influenced by initial disc edema and had consistently high image quality.
The Relationship of Agency and Performance in Family Business: Small and Medium Enterprise in Yogyakarta

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect and the relationship between controlling mechanism variables and family business performance. This research uses 20 small and medium size family businesses in Yogyakarta as the sample. The controlling mechanism variables used as the independent variables are insider ownership, debt policy, and dividend policy. The other independent variable that is not included as the controlling mechanism is business size, operating profit, and business risk. The dependent variable used in this research is the business performance which is proxy by Tobin’s Q. The multiple regressions used to test the effect of independent variable toward the dependent variables simultaneously and individually. The result of this research can explain the insider ownership, debt policy, and dividend policy which significantly affect business performance in simultaneously and individually. This research also found that business performance has positive relationship with those three variables.
Influence of dietary supplementation with flaxseed and lactobacilli on the mucosal morphology and proliferative cell rate in the jejunal mucosa of piglets after weaning

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of flaxseed and lactobacilli supplementation to the diet of piglets during the time period between 10 days before and 21 days after weaning. The morphometry of the jejunal mucosa and proliferative ratio of both epithelial and lamina propria cells were compared with those found in a group of piglets fed with the usual diet added with sunflower oil during the same time period. The addition of flaxseed oil to the diet significantly increased the crypt depth in comparison with both groups supplemented with sunflower (P < 0.05 and 0.001 respectively) on the weaning day. Moreover, the flaxseed addition caused a significant decrease in villus height (P < 0.01) and crypt depth (P < 0.01) 21 days postweaning in comparison with the sunflower group. The proliferative ratio of the epithelial cells in the sunflower group on the weaning day was significantly higher than in both flaxseed groups (P < 0.01). Paradoxically, significantly higher proliferative activity in the mucosal connective tissue in the group with flaxseed supplementation in comparison with the sunflower group was observed on the day of weaning, as well as 3 days later (P < 0.05 both). A combination of flaxseed with lactobacilli showed significantly lower proliferative activity in the connective tissue cells from weaning up to 7 days after weaning (P < 0.05 all) in comparison with the flaxseed group.
A fully integrated broadband direct-conversion receiver for DBS applications

The key obstacle to successful integration of broadband receivers is that the wide-tuning range (C/sub H//C/sub L/>5) varactors required are not available in a standard process. In addition, when external hyper-abrupt varactors are used, a separate high-voltage supply (e.g. 30 V) is required to cover the entire frequency band. More recently, integrated wideband tuners have been reported using multiple wideband RC oscillators, but they require a complicated multi-loop architecture to achieve desired phase-noise performance. Using multiple integrated LC voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO) (including resonators) a fully-integrated single-loop frequency synthesizer is possible which allows the development of a single-chip solution for broadband applications. This results in a significant cost reduction and ease of system-board design.
Evaluation of newborn sickle cell screening programme in England: 2010–2016

Objective To evaluate England’s NHS newborn sickle cell screening programme performance in children up to the age of 5 years. Design Cohort of resident infants with sickle cell disease (SCD) born between 1 September 2010 and 31 August 2015 and followed until August 2016. Participants 1317 infants with SCD were notified to the study from all centres in England and 1313 (99%) were followed up. Interventions Early enrolment in clinical follow-up, parental education and routine penicillin prophylaxis. Main outcome measures Age seen by a specialist clinician, age at prescription of penicillin prophylaxis and mortality. Results All but two resident cases of SCD were identified through screening; one baby was enrolled in care after prenatal diagnosis; one baby whose parents refused newborn screening presented symptomatically. There were 1054/1313 (80.3%, 95% CI 78% to 82.4%) SCD cases seen by a specialist by 3 months of age and 1273/1313 (97%, 95% CI 95.9% to 97.8%) by 6 months. The percentage seen by 3 months increased from 77% in 2010 to 85.4% in 2015. 1038/1292 (80.3%, 95% CI 78.1% to 82.5%) were prescribed penicillin by 3 months of age and 1257/1292 (97.3%, 95% CI 96.3% to 98.1%) by 6 months. There were three SCD deaths <5 years caused by invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) sensitive to penicillin. Conclusion The SCD screening programme is effective at detecting affected infants. Enrolment into specialist care is timely but below the programme standards. Mortality is reducing but adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis remains important for IPD serotypes not in the current vaccine schedule.
Hypertension and years of driving in transit vehicle operators

In this study, data from transit vehicle operators of the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni), and a control group of individuals newly hired but not yet working as operators, were used to investigate prevalence of hypertension as a function of exposure to bus driving (years of driving), controlling for alcohol consumption and body mass index. Data were collected from transit vehicle operators in the course of their regular biennial examination during the period November 1983 to October 1985. Groups working as operators fewer than 10 years (n =1137), from 10 to 20 years (n =493), and more than 20 years (n =196) were compared to each other and to a group of individuals with no prior exposure, but who were given a medical examination just before beginning their jobs as transit vehicle operators (n = 226). For hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≤ 140, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90, or taking hypertension medication), the prevalence, adjusted for age, race, and gender, increased in a stepwise fashion from 28.8 percent in the group with no exposure to 38.9 percent in the group of drivers with more than 20 years on the job. A similar pattern was found for moderate to severe hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≤ 160, or diastolic blood pressure ≥95, or hypertension medication). These patterns were diminished, but not eliminated, when body mass index and alcohol consumption were considered. Higher rates of separation from employment for hypertensive operators suggested that the effect of years of employment may be underestimated by this cross-sectional comparison. Prolonged exposure to operating a transit vehicle may be associated with increased hypertension; increased alcohol consumption and body mass index with increased years of driving may account for at least some of the increased hypertension.
QT prolongation and near fatal cardiac arrhythmia after intravenous tacrolimus administration: a case report.

BACKGROUND The use of immunosuppressant agents is mandatory in the long-term management of transplant recipients. Herein, we report a case of near fatal cardiac arrhythmia related to the use of intravenous tacrolimus in a 35-year-old woman undergoing renal transplantation. METHODS The patient had no previous history of cardiac disease, but an initial electrocardiogram demonstrated slightly prolonged QT and QTc intervals and normal sinus rhythm. Postsurgical immunosuppression included intravenous tacrolimus and methylprednisolone. During intravenous tacrolimus infusion, marked QT prolongation occurred. The patient suffered recurrent runs of torsade de pointes, refractory to aggressive medical management and requiring numerous defibrillations. Rapid atrial pacing eventually controlled the arrhythmia. RESULTS We note not only a temporal association, but also a direct linear relationship, between this arrhythmia and blood tacrolimus levels. CONCLUSION We believe this case presents a little recognized hazard associated with the use of intravenous tacrolimus and points to the need for careful predrug screening for QT prolongation. Tacrolimus has been shown to effect intracellular calcium and to prolong the action potential duration experimentally. This suggests that an increase in the intracellular calcium may underlie torsades de pointes associated with intravenous tacrolimus.