Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Offi cial publication of the Association of Radiation Oncologists of India

We conducted a study wherein serum total glutathione-s-transferase levels were measured in patients (n = 27) with various stages of biopsy proven oral cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) and age and sex matched healthy human volunteers (n=10). In all patients with oral cancer, serum total glutathione-s-transferase was measured before the onset of treatment. There was a significant increase in serum total glutathione-s-transferse levels in patients with stage IV oral cancer as compared to stage II (P = 0.001) and stage III (P = 0.002) oral cancer. This shows that alterations in serum total Glutathione-s-transferase levels may have a role in cancer progression.
Learning How to Export

In this paper, we present a standard quality ladders endogenous growth model with one significant new assumption, that it takes time for firms to learn how to export. We show that this model without Melitz-type assumptions can account for all the evidence that the Melitz (2003) model was designed to explain plus much evidence that the Melitz model can not account for. In particular, consistent with the empirical evidence, we find that trade liberalization leads to a higher exit rate of firms, that exporters charge higher prices for their products as well as higher markups, and that many large firms do not export.
The importance of a double standard : inter sexual differences and cooperative breeding in the green Woodhoopoe

v INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER1AGE RELATED REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN THE COOPERATIVELY BREEDING GREEN WOODHOOPOE . 9 CHAPTER2THE MECHANISMS DRIVING NATAL PHILOP ATRY AND DELAYED REPRODUCTION IN THE GREEN WOODHOOPOE . 35 CHAPTER3THE IMPACT OF RELATED HELPERS ON REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN THE GREEN WOODHOOPOE . 53 SYNTHESIS . 74 Un ive rsi ty of Ca pe To wn
Family Size in Colombia: Guessing or Planning? Intended vs. Actual Family Size in Colombia

In this paper, we attempt to analyze the determinants of unintended births among Colombian women aged 40 years old or more using data from the Encuesta Nacional de Demografia y Salud 2005, which is Colombia´s national demographic and health survey. Given the especial characteristics of the variable under analysis, we used count data models in order to test whether certain characteristics of women and their socioeconomic backgrounds such as their level and years of schooling or socioeconomic group, explain the number of unintended births. We found that women’s education and the area of residence are significant determinants of unintended births. The inverse relationship between the level of education of women and the number of unintended births has key implications to social policies.
Scanning QTLs for Grain Shape Using a Whole Genome SNP Array in Rice

Grain shape is an important appearance quality trait that is associated with grain weight in rice. Dissection of the genetic basis of grain shape will benefit the improvement of grain shape. In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic linkage map via genotyping a recombinant inbred line population by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A total of 22 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected, one half was detected in both years of the experiment, and the other half only in one year. As well as the QTLs reported in previous studies, five novel QTLs were identified, which could be targets for marker-aided selection for grain shape improvement. Six pleiotropic QTLs were identified and well explained the correlations among traits. Complementary action of additive QTLs adequately accounted for the genetic basis of transgressive segregation. One to six heterogeneous inbred families for all detected QTLs were searched in the recombinant inbred population, which provided a good chance to quickly produce near isogenic lines. These new QTLs could be quickly validated and fine mapped on the basis of these HIFs.
Comunidades herbáceas terrícolas em floresta atlântica primária e secundária no sul do Brasil

Terrestrial herbs play a fundamental role in biotic interactions occurring inside forests. The study of the ecological relationships involving this plant group is essential for the understanding of the dynamics of tropical forests, especially in complex and disturbed environments, as the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The objective of this study was to evaluate how herb communities are related to environmental characteristics of old-growth and secondary tropical Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. We collected data on composition and structure (cover, richness and average height) of herbaceous communities in 16 plots with 36 m2 in each forest habitat. We used a permutation multivariate analysis of variance (PerMANOVA) to evaluate the variation in composition of herb communities in oldgrowth and secondary forest and performed a path analysis to test direct and indirect effects of tree component structure, canopy openness, soil fertility and understory woody component on herb community structure. PerMANOVA results showed that composition of herb communities were different between old-growth and secondary forest; the environment variables canopy openness, organic matter, and pH significantly explained a proportion of the variability of the composition of herb communities. Path analysis indicated that in old-growth forest the herb community structure was affected direct and positively by soil fertility and indirect and negatively by the structure of tree component structure as above mediated by its influence on understory woody component. In secondary forest the herb community structure was affected directly and positively by light availability and negatively by the understory woody component. In general, the analysed variables explained well the variation in the herbaceous community data. Herb communities in old-growth and secondary forests respond differently to biotic and abiotic variables. Interactions between woody regeneration and herbaceous communities seem to increase in secondary forest, reinforcing the idea that relations between these plant groups are intensified in disturbed environments.
The modulated X-ray emission of the magnetic O8.5V-star Tr16-22

Using an extensive X-ray dataset, we analyze the X-ray emission of the massive O-star Tr16-22, which was recently found to be magnetic. Its bright X-ray emission is found to be modulated with a ~54d period. This timescale should represent the rotational timescale of the star, as for other magnetic massive stars. In parallel, new spectropolarimetric data confirm the published magnetic detection.
AN INTEGRATED CALCAREOUS PLANKTON BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SCHEME AND BIOCHRONOLOGY FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN MIDDLE MIOCENE

The relative position of 30 main bioevents pertaining to calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera was identified in the time interval between 13.75 Ma and 10.50 Ma, based on the quantitative study of the those microfossils in three Mediterranean sections spanning the late Langhian – lower Tortonian stratigraphic interval. The events were correlated to the astronomic target curve using a cyclostratigraphic approach, resulting in a very detailed biostratigraphic and biochronologic subdivision of the interval. The zonal scheme proposed by Fornaciari et al. (1996) was adopted for the calcareous nannofossils, but three subzones were identified in the MMN7 Zone. For the planktonic foraminifera reference is made to the zonal scheme recently proposed by Foresi et al. (1998), slightly modified in order to increase its biostratigraphic resolution. The age of all the zonal boundaries is reported.
What are the Impact of Foreign Aid to the Economic Growth? Time SeriesAnalysis with New Evidence from Tanzania

Despite the fact that, Tanzania is receiving large inflows of foreign aid since 1970s to support its economic activities. Yet, very few literatures investigated the impact of foreign aid to economic growth of Tanzania. After revealing that, despite the large inflows of foreign aid in Tanzania, the economic growth rate is apparently low, poverty level and budget deficits is still persisting over the economy. Thus our study intends to further investigate the impact of foreign aid to economic growth by using Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS). After using endogenous growth model and time series data from 1976-2014, we found that, foreign aid has negative impact to the economic growth. Furthermore, in short run we also found that, foreign aid does not Granger Cause economic growth. The results suggest that, the government has to reconsider the type of foreign aid that is received.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Querying Graphs with Data

Graph databases have received much attention as of late due to numerous applications in which data is naturally viewed as a graph; these include social networks, RDF and the Semantic Web, biological databases, and many others. There are many proposals for query languages for graph databases that mainly fall into two categories. One views graphs as a particular kind of relational data and uses traditional relational mechanisms for querying. The other concentrates on querying the topology of the graph. These approaches, however, lack the ability to combine data and topology, which would allow queries asking how data changes along paths and patterns enveloping it. In this paper we present a comprehensive study of languages that enable such combination of data and topology querying. These languages come in two ﬂavors. The ﬁrst follows the standard approach of path queries, which specify how labels of edges change along a path, but now we extend them with ways of specifying how both labels and data change. From the complexity point of view, the right type of formalisms are subclasses of register automata. These, however, are not well suited for querying. To overcome this, we develop several types of extended regular expressions to specify paths with data, and study their querying power and complexity. The second approach adopts the popular XML language XPath and extends it from XML documents to graphs. Depending on the exact set of allowed features, we have a family of languages, and our study shows that it includes eﬃcient and highly expressive formalisms for querying both the structure of the data and the data itself.
Effect of some insecticides on the immature stages of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens West. (Hym., Trichogrammatidae )

The effect of five insecticides, Profect (w.p.), CAPL- 2, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Spinosad, and Fenitrothion ( Sumithon) on the immature stages of the first and the second generations of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens was studied in laboratory at 25 ± 1 0 C, 65± 5% R.H. and 12:12 L:D. The study was carried out on parasitized eggs one, two, four and eight days post parasitism. Results showed that: 1) Longevity of the emerged parasitoid was affected by the tested insecticides. The recorded values of the adult longevity emerged from treated eggs ranged from 12 hrs to 7 days ( for females ) and from 12 hrs to 4 days (for males). Treating eggs with chemical insecticides caused death of the emerged adults within few hours post emergence when the treatment was carried out 4 days post parasitism or one day before adult emergence. 2). The number of host eggs turned to black (the parasitoid larvae developed to pupae) varied according to timing of treatment. 3). Adult emergence rate varied according to the used insecticide, the parasitoid stage and the generation. 4) No parasitoids emerged from parasitized eggs treated with CAPL-2. 5). There was no emergence for the parasitoid treated with Lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, and fenitrothion (Sumithon) one, two or four days after parasitism. However, emergence was recorded with very low percentages when the eggs were treated 24 hrs before parasitoid emergence. 6) Female percentage slightly decreased in the adults emerged from paeasitized eggs treated with chemicals. Keyword: Insecticides, parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens
Ammonia (J,K)=(1,1) to (4,4) and (6,6) inversion lines detected in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068

We present the detection of the ammonia (NH3) (J,K)= (1,1) to (4,4) and (6,6) inversion lines toward the prototypical Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068, made with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). This is the first detection of ammonia in a Seyfert galaxy. The ortho-to-para-NH3 abundance ratio suggests that the molecule was formed in a warm medium of at least 20 K. For the NH3 column density and fractional abundance, we find (1.09 +/- 0.23) x 10(14) cm(-2) and (2.9 +/- 0.6) x 10(-8), respectively, from the inner similar to 1.2 kpc of NGC 1068. The kinetic temperature can be constrained to 80 +/- 20 K for the bulk of the molecular gas, while some fraction has an even higher temperature of 140 +/- 30 K.
Nursing Strategies and Quality of Life Outcomes: A Systematic Review

This study evaluated the impact of nursing interventions on the quality of life of patients. After an extensive literature review that yielded 46 studies, research synthesis techniques were applied. Overall, strategies such as counseling, patient education, cognitive-behavioral techniques, and exercise were successful in increasing the quality of life of treated groups. Despite this finding, there are few studies that target quality of life as a major outcome measure of nursing care.
CRYSTALLINE SILICATES IN EVOLVED STARS. I. SPITZER/INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH SPECTROSCOPY OF IRAS 16456−3542, 18354−0638, AND 23239+5754

We report the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) observations of three evolved stars: IRAS 16456−3542, 18354−0638, and 23239+5754. The 9.9–37.2 μm Spitzer/IRS high-resolution spectra of these three sources exhibit rich sets of enstatite-dominated crystalline silicate emission features. IRAS 16456−3542 is extremely rich in crystalline silicates, with >90% of its silicate mass in crystalline form, the highest to date ever reported for crystalline silicate sources.
Measuring the regional economic impact of mega-events: what are the benefits of the 2014 Olympics for Sochi?

The economic benefits of mega-events such as the Olympic Games are much touted but little quantified. This paper first presents a systematisation of the money streams associated with hosting the Olympic Games and then introduces basic concepts from regional economics. On this basis it outlines a general model that could be employed to estimate the regional economic impact of tourism associated with the Olympic Winter Games in Sochi in 2014.
Use of a clinical cell flow cytometer for differential counts of prawn Penaeus monodon haemocytes

Flow cytometry (FC) has been used extensively for monitoring human blood cell populat~ons and it would be useful if this technology could be applied to the analysis of prawn haemocytes. This paper shows that the Cell-Dyn 3000 flow cytometer can distinguish haemocyte types from Penaeus monodon and then describes the range of haemocyte counts within normal prawns. The total haemocyte count was 23.3 X 106 cells ml-' using a haemocytometer and 21.0 X 106 cells ml-' with the FC. With light microscopy, nongranular, small-granular and large-granular haemocytes were 82.7 + 14, 15.6 17, and 1.7 5 2% respectively of the cell types, whilst with FC, the proportions were 82.6 * 17, 14.5 * 15, and 2.9 * 3 % respectively. Neither age. weight, carapace length nor population source had any significant effect (p > 0.05) on total or differential haemocyte counts. However, sex had a significant effect (p < 0.05) and once sexual dimorphism, as measured by total length, had occurred in the prawn population, females showed increased nongranular haemocyte counts (F= 4.56, df = 1.39, p < 0.05) and, consequently, total haemocyte counts (F = 4.60, df = 1,39, p < 0.05). The third sequential bleeding of prawns (0.1 m1 of haemolymph bleed-') produced a significant decrease in total haemocyte numbers with proportional increases m granular haemocytes.
Past distribution and ecology of the cork oak (Quercus suber) in the Iberian Peninsula: a pollen‐analytical approach

Abstract. This study presents pollen‐analytical data from continental and offshore Iberian Peninsula sites that include pollen curves of Quercus suber, to provide information on the past distribution and ecology of the cork oak (Q. suber). Results centre on a new pollen record of Navarrés (Valencia, eastern Spain), which shows that the cork oak survived regionally during the Upper Pleistocene and was important during a mid‐Holocene replacement of a local pine forest by Quercus‐dominated communities. This phenomenon appears linked to the recurrence of fire and reinforces the value of the cork oak for reforestation programmes in fire‐prone areas. In addition to Navarrés, other Late Quaternary pollen sequences (Sobrestany, Casablanca‐Almenara, Padul, SU 8103, SU8113, 8057B) suggest last glacial survival of the cork oak in southern and coastal areas of the Peninsula and North Africa. Important developments also occur from the Late Glacial to the middle Holocene, not only in the west but also in the eastern Peninsula. It is suggested that, in the absence of human influence, Q. suber would develop in non‐monospecific forests, sharing the arboreal stratum both with other sclerophyllous and deciduous Quercus and Pinus species.
Feasibility Study for a Curriculum Comparison in Vocational Education and Training

Despite improved access to all educational levels, many countries around the world struggle with integrating young people into the labor market. The 2007 economic crisis exacerbated the problem, but not all countries were affected in the same way. This led to a vivid debate about how education and employment systems can and should be linked. Countries with well-developed vocational education and training (VET) systems seem to be better off in terms of their youth labor market situations. This raises the question of how countries should organize and design their VET curricula so that their youth make a smooth transition from education to employment. The Center on International Education Benchmarking (CIEB) has set the goal to analyze the world? s most successful education systems. The objective is to compare the top-performing countries? instructional systems and identify their different approaches to education. Against this backdrop, the CIEB is supporting a comparative study of VET curricula, which are one fundamental component of any education system. However, such an international comparison of VET curricula faces many challenges, resulting mainly from the large variation in how national education systems train vocational and technical qualifications. In addition, VET curricula are not fully comparable due to different national political, economic, cultural, and institutional frameworks. Consequently, the CIEB mandated the KOF Swiss Economic Institute at the ETH Zurich to conduct a Feasibility Study that first defines a common strategy for tack-ling these challenges. Hence, this Feasibility Study aims to reduce the comparability problem to the furthest possible extent. The feasibility study consists of three phases, of which this intermediary report is the product of the first. This first phase addresses the following question: ? Which countries can be identified as top-performing countries that should be included in the VET curricula comparison? This report presents our findings on four main topics essential for achieving the goal of a feasibility study for the comparison of VET curricula. The first section explains our theoretical and conceptual approaches to the problem. These form the foundation of our strategy for identifying 20 top-performing countries with regard to VET, which is addressed in the second section. The third section presents the selected top-performing countries in brief portraits, which highlight not only their performance but also provide background information on VET governance. Finally, we compare and discuss these top-performing countries with regard to our performance criteria. Finally, this intermediary report concludes with the important findings for the second phase of the project.
Long‐lived and heavier females give birth earlier in roe deer

In seasonal environments, parturition of most vertebrates generally occurs within a short time-window each year. This synchrony is generally interpreted as being adaptive, as early born young survive better over the critical season than late born young. Among large herbivores, the factors involved in driving among- and within-individual variation in parturition date are poorly understood. We explored this question by analyzing the relative importance of attributes linked to female quality (longevity, median adult body mass and cohort), time-dependent attributes linked to female condition (reproductive success the previous year, relative annual body mass and offspring cohort (year)), and age in shaping observed variation in parturition date of roe deer. A measure of quality combining the effects of female longevity and median adult body mass accounted for 11% of the observed among-individual variation in parturition date. Females of 2 yr old give birth 5 d later than older females. Our study demonstrates that high quality (heavy and long-lived) females give birth earlier than low quality females. Temporally variable attributes linked to female condition, such as reproductive success in the previous year and relative annual body mass, had no detectable influence on parturition date. We conclude that parturition date, a crucial determinant of reproductive success, is shaped by attributes linked to female quality rather than by time-dependent attributes linked to female condition in income breeders (individuals that rely on current resource intake rather than on accumulated body reserves to offset the increased energy requirements due to reproduction) such as roe deer.
Pro-Poor Growth and Gender Inequality

This paper examines to what extent gender gaps in education, health, employment, productive assets and inputs can affect pro poor growth (in the sense of increasing monetary incomes of the poor). After discussing serious methodological problems with examining gender issues in the context of an income-based pro-poor growth framework, the paper considers theory and evidence on the impact of gender inequality on pro poor growth. While there is a considerable literature suggesting negative impacts of gender gaps on growth, there is much less information on the impact of gender gaps on inequality. The paper then examines the experiences of country cases and finds that gender inequality can have a significant effect on pro-poor growth, but that the importance and type of effects differ considerably between different regions. It also appears that the effects of gender gaps on pro-poor growth operate primarily via an impact on growth rather than an impact on distributional change.