Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Long-Run and Gender-Equalizing Impacts of School Access: Evidence from the First Indochina War

Few studies exist on the long-term impacts of schooling policies in developing countries. We examine the impacts—half a century later—of a mass education program conducted by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam during the First Indochina War (1946–54). Difference-in-differences estimates suggest that school-age children who were exposed to the program obtained significantly more education than their peers who were residing in French-occupied areas. Although we cannot reject the null hypothesis of equal impacts at standard significance levels, when estimated separately, the impacts are statistically significant for school-age girls and not for school-age boys. Various robustness checks support these findings.
Right-Wing Political Extremism in the Great Depression

We examine the impact of the Great Depression on the share of votes for right-wing anti-system parties in elections in the 1920s and 1930s. We confirm the existence of a link between political extremism and economic hard times as captured by growth or contraction of the economy. What mattered was not simply growth at the time of the election but cumulative growth performance. But the effect of the Depression on support for right-wing anti-system parties was not equally powerful under all economic, political and social circumstances. It was greatest in countries with relatively short histories of democracy, with existing extremist parties, and with electoral systems that created low hurdles to parliamentary representation. Above all, it was greatest where depressed economic conditions were allowed to persist.
OTT_A_193031 8197..8205

Weidong Wu Ningxian Wei Gang Shao Chunnan Jiang Shaoru Zhang Lihui Wang 1Anesthesiology Department, Danyang People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province & Danyang Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People’s Republic of China; 2Central Laboratory, Danyang People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province & Danyang Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People’s Republic of China Objective: To explore the regulatory effects of circZNF609 on proliferative and migratory capacities of gastric cancer (GC) and its underlying mechanism. Methods: Expression level of circZNF609, CDK6 and miR-483-3p in GC tissues and cells were detected qRT-PCR verification. CCK-8 and transwell assay were conducted the cell viability and migratory capacities of GC cells. Dual luciferase assay was enrolled to confirm the interaction among circZNF609, CDK6 and miR-483-3p. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of CDK6. Results: Expression levels of circZNF609 were higher in GC patients by qRT-PCR.GC patients with higher expression of circZNF609 were expected to have a higher TNM stage and lower 5-year survival than those with lower expression. ROC curves showed a well diagnostic value of circZNF609 in GC. Treatment of RNase R in GC cells downregulated the expression of ZNF609, whereas circZNF609 expression did not change. Furthermore, cytoplasmic expression of circZNF609 was higher than those of nuclear expression. Besides, biological experiments indicated that overexpression of circZNF609 promoted the proliferative and migratory capacities of GC cells. To demonstrate the underlying mechanism of circZNF609, we found that circZNF609 bound to miR-483-3p, which presented a lower expression in GC tissues than that of paracancerous tissues. Both circZNF609 and miR-4833p could bind to Ago2, suggesting that circZNF609 may act as a sponge of miR-483-3p. In addition, the effect of overexpressed circZNF609 on cellular behaviors of GC cells were partly reversed by overexpression of miR-483-3p. Bioinformatics suggested that CDK6 has a potential binding site with miR-483-3p. The expression of CDK6 markedly increased in GC tissues and cells, which was negatively correlated with miR-483-3p expression. Dual-luciferase reporter gene results indicated that miR-483-3p could bind to the 3’-UTR of CDK6. Moreover, miR-483-3p downregulated CDK6 at both mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of miR-483-3p inhibited proliferative and migratory capacities of GC cells, which were reversed by CDK6 overexpression. Conclusion: In summary, the expression of circZNF609 is upregulated in GC. CircZNF609 can be used as the sponge of miR-483-3p to regulate the expression level of CDK6, thus participating in the progression of GC by regulating the proliferative and migratory capacities of GC cells.
FuzzGen: Automatic Fuzzer Generation

Fuzzing is a testing technique to discover unknown vulnerabilities in software. When applying fuzzing to libraries, the core idea of supplying random input remains unchanged, yet it is non-trivial to achieve good code coverage. Libraries cannot run as standalone programs, but instead are invoked through another application. Triggering code deep in a library remains challenging as specific sequences of API calls are required to build up the necessary state. Libraries are diverse and have unique interfaces that require unique fuzzers, so far written by a human analyst. To address this issue, we present FuzzGen, a tool for automatically synthesizing fuzzers for complex libraries in a given environment. FuzzGen leverages a whole system analysis to infer the library’s interface and synthesizes fuzzers specifically for that library. FuzzGen requires no human interaction and can be applied to a wide range of libraries. Furthermore, the generated fuzzers leverage LibFuzzer to achieve better code coverage and expose bugs that reside deep in the library. FuzzGen was evaluated on Debian and the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) selecting 7 libraries to generate fuzzers. So far, we have found 17 previously unpatched vulnerabilities with 6 assigned CVEs. The generated fuzzers achieve an average of 54.94% code coverage; an improvement of 6.94% when compared to manually written fuzzers, demonstrating the effectiveness and generality of FuzzGen.
International Journal of Instruction

Listening is a fundamental skill in which students are required to gain adequate proficiency for their successful academic achievement. Since 2010, reports from a national exam have exhibiting a worrying trend in listening component where most of the candidates scored level 1 and 2 which indicating them as limited and very limited users. In view of this situation, this study aimed to develop an alternative listening comprehension test to benchmark and profile learners’ listening performance. Test constructed was based on Weir’s socio-cognitive framework for validating tests and Geranpayeh and Taylor’s Cognitive Processing Model. It consists of 50 items with 7 types of response formats and administered to 380 students from a public university. Students’ performances were benchmark based on their test score and profiled according to 5 performance standards. From the findings, 37.4% of the participants cleared the listening performance benchmark where 142 met the expectations and 129 exceeded the expectations. A total of 102 of the participants fell below the expectation level. Benchmarking and profiling the students have offered comprehensive information on the students as early as possible in identifying who might be at risk or need help.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis Progression Derived Angptl 2 in Vascular Inflammation Leading to − Role of Endothelial Cell

Nobuyoshi Hirose, Takashi Minami, Toshio Suda, Yutaka Kiyohara, Hisao Ogawa, Koichi Tazume, Zhe Tian, Otowa Takahashi, Kazutoyo Terada, Motohiro Takeya, Hiroyuki Hao, Doi, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Haruki Horiguchi, Motoyoshi Endo, Mitsuhisa Tabata, Hirokazu Eiji Horio, Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu, Keishi Miyata, Yasumichi Arai, Kentaro Hosokawa, Yasufumi Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis Progression Derived Angptl2 in Vascular Inflammation Leading to − Role of Endothelial Cell Print ISSN: 1079-5642. Online ISSN: 1524-4636 Copyright © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.113. 303116 2014; 2014;34:790-800; originally published online February 13, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. http://atvb.ahajournals. org/content/34/4/790 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Effects of different reference periods on drought index estimations for 1901–2014

This study aims to understand how different reference periods (i.e., calibration periods) of climate data for estimating the drought index influence regional drought assessments. Specifically, we investigate the influence of different reference periods on historical drought characteristics such as trends, frequency, intensity and spatial extents using the standard precipitation evapotranspiration index with a 12-month lag (SPEI-12) estimated from the datasets of the climate research unit (CRU) and the University of Delaware (UDEL). For the 1901–1957 (P1) and 1958–2014 (P2) estimation periods, three different types of reference periods are used: P1 and P2 together, P1 and P2 separately and P1 only. Focusing on East Asia, Europe, North America and West Africa, we find the influence of the reference periods to be significant in East Asia and West Africa, with dominant drying trends from P1 to P2. The reference periods influence the assessment of drought characteristics, particularly for severity and spatial extent, whereas their influence on the frequency is relatively small. Finally, self-calibration, which is the most common practice with an index such as SPEI, tends to underestimate the drought severity and spatial extent relative to the other approaches used in this study. Although the conclusions drawn in this study are limited to two global datasets, they nevertheless highlight the need for the reference period to be clarified in drought assessments to better understand regional drought characteristics and their temporal changes, particularly under climate change scenarios.
Some Explicit Formulae for the Hull and White Stochastic Volatility Model

An explicit formula for the transition probability density function of the Hull and White stochastic volatility model in presence of nonzero correlation between the stochastic differentials of the Wiener processes on the right hand side of the model equations is presented. This formula gives the transition probability density function as a two dimensional integral of an explicitly known integrand. Previously an explicit formula for this probability density function was known only in the case of zero correlation. In the case of nonzero correlation from the formula for the transition probability density function we deduce formulae (expressed by integrals) for the price of European call and put options and closed form formulae (that do not involve integrals) for the moments of the asset price logarithm. These formulae are based on recent results on the Whittaker functions [1] and generalize similar formulae for the SABR and multiscale SABR models [2]. Using the option pricing formulae derived and the least squares method a calibration problem for the Hull and White model is formulated and solved numerically. The calibration problem uses as data a set of option prices. Experiments with real data are presented. The real data studied are those belonging to a time series of the USA S&P 500 index and of the prices of its European call and put options. The quality of the model and of the calibration procedure is established comparing the forecast option prices obtained using the calibrated model with the option prices actually observed in the financial market. The website: http://www.econ.univpm.it/recchioni/finance/w17 contains some auxiliary material including animations and interactive applications that helps the understanding of this paper. More general references to the work of the authors and of their coauthors in mathematical finance are available in the website: http://www.econ.univpm.it/recchioni/finance.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of C-f/SiC Composites Reinforced with Boron Nitride Nanowires

Boron nitride nanowires (BNNWs) were first grown in situ into fiber preforms, and then Cf/SiC composites reinforced with the BNNWs were fabricated by means of chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) matrix densification. It was found that thanks to the incorporation of the BNNWs, the matrix of the C-f/SiC composites at micron scale is toughened notably, as evidenced by the results of indentation tests. Synergetic strengthening and toughening mechanisms including debonding, fracture, pullouts as well as crack branching and deflection attributed to BNNW-based micro rods are observed. However, no significant increases in flexural strength and fracture toughness are obtained for the composites, possibly owing to the lower density of composites and strong interface bonding between the BNNWs and the matrix.
Entrepreneurship Education for Out-Of-School Youths in Nigeria

This study focused on the investigation of the relevance of entrepreneurship education for out-ofschool youths in Nsukka and Igbo-Eze South Local government area of Enugu State. A sample size of 267 respondents was proportionately selected from youths of Nsukka and Igbo-Eze South. The design adopted for the study was a descriptive survey. A simple structured questionnaire based on the purpose of the study was used to elicit information from the subjects. Data collected were analyzed using weighted mean and standard deviation. Some of the major findings and recommendations were: entrepreneurship education creates job opportunities, leads to poverty reduction, increases economic development in the areas, helps in the reorientation of the individuals towards innovation, improves backwardness, etc. The findings showed that provision of properly planned entrepreneur centres in each of the Local government areas will go a long way to alleviate poverty and create job opportunities for many youths
A comparison of emissions from ethanol and petrol fuelled cars. Health risk assessment for Västra Götaland

1 1 Introduction . 3 2 Methods . 4 2.1 Overview . 4 2.2 Emission factors . 4 2.3 Traffic data . 5 2.4 Emissions . 6 2.5 Dispersion modelling . 7 2.5. 1 Local scale modelling . 7 2.5. 2 EMEP modelling . 8 2.6 Exposure . 9 2.7 Health effects and risk assumptions . 10 2.7. 1 NOX and NO2 . 10 2.7. 2 Ozone . 10 2.7. 3 Acetaldehyde . 10 2.7. 4 Benzene . 10 2.7. 5 Formaldehyde . 10 2.7. 6 PM . 11 2.7. 7 Health Impact Assessment . 11 3 Results . 11 3.1 Emission factors . 11 3.2 Emissions . 14 3.3 Dispersion modelling . 17 3.4 Exposure . 20 3.5 Impact on health in Västra Götaland . 22 3.5. 1 NO2 and NOX . 22 3.5. 2 Ozone . 22 3.5. 3 Acetaldehyde . 23 3.5. 4 Benzene . 23 3.5. 5 PM2.5 . 23 4 Discussion . 23 5 Conclusions . 24 6 Acknowledgements . 25 7 References . 26 Appendix 1. Evaporate emissions of NMHC . 28 Appendix 2. Description of the model system . 29 Appendix 3. Emission results . 33 Appendix 4. Dispersion modelling results . 35 Appendix 5. Detailed Exposure data . 40 A comparison of emissions from ethanol and petrol fuelled cars IVL report B1962 Health risk assessment for Västra Götaland
Finite Unified Theories: A successful example of Reduction of Couplings

We apply the method of reduction of couplings in a Finite Unified Theory (FUT). The method consists on searching for renormalization group invariant relations among couplings/parameters of a renormalizable theory holding to all orders in perturbation theory. It has a remarkable predictive power since, at the unification scale, it leads to relations between gauge and Yukawa couplings in the dimensionless sectors and relations involving the trilinear terms and the Yukawa couplings, as well as a sum rule among the scalar masses and the unified gaugino mass in the soft breaking sector. We predict, in a FUT model, the masses of the top and bottom quarks and the light Higgs in remarkable agreement with the experiment. Furthermore we also predict the masses of the other Higgses, as well as the supersymmetric spectrum, both being in very confortable agreement with the LHC bounds on Higgs and supersymmetric particles.
Analysis of the combined and isolatedsingle effects of LULC and climate change on the streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin’s streamflow uUsing statistical trend tests, remote sensing land-cover maps, and the SWAT model

Understanding the response of land use/land cover (LULC) change and climate change to the streamflow of the Nile River has become a priority issue for water management and water resource utilization inof the Nile basin. This study assesses the long-term trends of rainfall and streamflow to analyse analyze the response effect of LULC and climate changes 15 on the hydrology of the study area Upper Blue Nile River basin. The Mann-Kendal (MK)-) test showed statistically insignificant, increasing trends for annual, monthly, and long rainyseason rainfall series whereasile no trend for daily, short rainy, and dry season rainfall series appeared. However, the Pettitt test failed tocould not detect any jump point in basinwide rainfall series except for daily rainfall time series. In contrast, the result of the MK -test’ ul for daily, monthly, annual, and seasonal (long and short rainy season and dry season) timeseries streamflow showed a statistically significant, 20 positive trend and the trend magnitude is statistically significant. Landsat satellite images for 1973, 1985, 1995, and 2010 were used for LULC change detection analysis. The LULC change -detection findings indicate significantthat expansion of cultivated land area and the reduction of forest coverage were significant before the period 1995 period. After 1995, the forest coverage began to increased while the amount of cultivated land diminish getting reduced. Statistically, forest coverage changed from 17.4 % to 14.4 %, 12.2 %, and 15.6 % while cultivated land changed from 62.9 % to 65.6 %, 67.5 25 %, and 63.9 % from 1973 to 1985, in 1995, and in 2010 respectively. The hydrological model result showed that mean annual streamflow increased by 16.9 % between the 1970s and the 2000s due to the combined effect of LULC and climate change. The singleisolated effect of LULC change on streamflow analysis suggested that LULC change affects surface runoffrunoff and base flow. This could be attributed to the 5.1 % reduction in forest coverage and 4.6 % increase in cultivated land area. Effects of climate change revealed that the increased rainfall intensity and number of extreme rainfall events from 3
Parental perceptions of oral health and access to oral health care services for children with special educational needs in South Bedfordshire

Aim: To investigate the perceptions of oral health and barriers to care of parents of children with special educational needs in South Bedfordshire. Objectives: To undertake a questionnaire study of parents of children in primary and secondary schools in South Bedfordshire in order to investigate parental perception of oral health of their children; analyse the key factors that act as barriers to care and relate the parental oral health perceptions to their views on access to care. Design: A qualitative, semi-structured questionnaire was devised with the main themes related to perceived oral health and access to oral health care services. There were 21 closed and open-ended questions with the opportunity for additional comments. The questionnaire was answered anonymously. Results: 451 questionnaires were distributed with 212 returned (47%). Parental perception underestimated the level of oral health and there was a reported lack of oral health education provided by the dental profession. Although the majority of children with special educational needs attended a dentist, parents were more likely to experience difficulties accessing oral health care services. Conclusions: The level of oral health of children with special educational needs in South Bedfordshire is underestimated by parents. The Disability Discrimination Act (2005) aims to reduce inequalities but parents still experience barriers when accessing oral health care services.
A Study on the Influences of Welding Position on the Keyhole and Molten Pool Behavior in Laser Welding of a Titanium Alloy

Various welding positions need be used in laser welding of structures with complex configurations. Therefore, it is necessary to gain knowledge of how the welding positions can influence the keyhole and weld pool behavior in order to better control the laser weld quality. In the present study, a computational fluid mechanics (CFD) model was constructed to simulate the laser-welding process of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, with which the keyhole stability and the fluid flow characteristics in weld pool were studied for four welding positions, i.e., flat welding, horizontal welding, vertical-up welding, and vertical-down welding. Results showed that the stability of the keyhole was the best in flat welding, the worst in horizontal welding, and moderate in vertical welding positions. Increasing heat input (the ratio of laser power to welding speed) could increase the keyhole stability. When the small heat input was used, the dimensions and flow patterns of weld pools were similar for different welding positions. When the heat input was increased, the weld pool size was increased, and the fluid flow in the weld pool became turbulent. The influences of gravity became significant when a large heat input was used, especially for laser welding with vertical positions. Too high a heat input in vertical-up laser welding would lead to oscillation and separation of molten metal around the keyhole, and in turn result in burn-through holes in the laser weld. Based on the present study, moderate heat input was suggested in positional laser welding to generate a stable keyhole and, meanwhile, to guarantee good weld quality.
Adaptive spike-artifact removal from local field potentials uncovers prominent beta and gamma band neuronal synchronization

Background Many neurons synchronize their action potentials to the phase of local field potential (LFP) fluctuations in one or more frequency bands. Analyzing this spike-to-LFP synchronization is challenging, however, when neural spikes and LFP are generated in the same local circuit, because the spike’s action potential waveform leak into the LFP and distort phase synchrony estimates. Existing approaches to address this spike bleed-through artifact relied on removing the average action potential waveforms of neurons, but this leaves artifacts in the LFP and distorts synchrony estimates. New Method We describe a spike-removal method that surpasses these limitations by decomposing individual action potentials into their frequency components before their removal from the LFP. The adaptively estimated frequency components allow for variable spread, strength and temporal variation of the spike artifact. Results This adaptive approach effectively removes spike bleed-through artifacts in synthetic data with known ground truth, and in single neuron and LFP recordings in nonhuman primate striatum. For a large population of neurons with both narrow and broad action potential waveforms, the use of adaptive artifact removal uncovered 20-35 Hz beta and 35-45 Hz gamma band spike-LFP synchronization that would have remained contaminated otherwise. Comparison with Existing Methods We demonstrate that adaptive spike-artifact removal cleans LFP data that remained contaminated when applying existing Bayesian and non-Bayesian methods of average spike-artifact removal. Conclusions Applying adaptive spike-removal from field potentials allows to estimate the phase at which neurons synchronize and the consistency of their phase-locked firing for both beta and low gamma frequencies. These metrics may prove essential to understand cell-to-circuit neuronal interactions in multiple brain systems.