Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of IPO Underpricing on the Warsaw Stock Exchange

Purpose – the objective of this paper is to provide evidence on the initial return (IR) of Initial Public Offerings (IPO) on the stock market in Poland and to identify determinants of the IPO initial returns on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) in the period between years 2005 and 2015. Design/Methodology/Approach – empirical analysis and regression results estimation based on informa-tion derived from databases such as: Bloomberg, Dealogic, and MergerMarket. Findings – the paper provides evidence for information asymmetry, behavioural as well as ownership and structure theories. The results identify six variables which have an impact on the degree of underpricing namely, involvement of PE and VC funds in the ownership structure of a company undertaking an IPO, new shares issued as a percentage of an IPO’s total proceeds, ex-ante uncertainty measured by Parkinson’s extreme value, an IPO price being set at the maximum of the bookbuilding range, turnover of shares traded during the debut date as well as the stock market return six months prior to an IPO. Originality/value – this paper contributes to the literature providing new evidence on a relatively little re-searched IPO underpricing phenomenon and determinants on the Polish stock market.
Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of oregano extract

The antioxidant activity of the crude extract prepared from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and its antiinflammatory activities in mouse models of stress-induced gastritis and contact hypersensitivity were investigated. Oregano extract was a substrate for peroxidase, similar to phenol. Oregano extract exhibited iron-reducing activity, although its strength was approximately one-fifth of that of ascorbic acid. Oral administration of oregano extract significantly prevented mouse gastritis induced by cold-restraint stress. Percutaneous administration of oregano extract also significantly prevented mouse contact hypersensitivity induced by oxazolone. These antiinflammatory activities of oregano extract tended to be weaker than those of hydrocortisone. The antioxidant activities of oregano extract appear to contribute to its preventive effects against inflammatory diseases, such as stress-induced gastritis and contact hypersensitivity in mice.
The Role of Perceived Enjoyment in the Students’ Acceptance of an Augmented Reality Teaching Platform: a Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Motivation is an important factor in modern education and it is claimed that a high level of motivation is a prerequisite for success. Augmented reality (AR) technologies are creating a new kind of user experience (UX) able to increase students’ interest and engagement in the learning process. This study is one of the few attempts to investigate the role of perceived enjoyment in the students’ acceptance of an augmented reality teaching platform (ARTP). Our model captures both extrinsic (perceived usefulness and ease of use) and intrinsic (perceived enjoyment) motivators so that students’s intention to use a new learning environment may be explained. The model was tested by employing structural equation modelling. The results showed that perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment have a significant impact on the behavioural intention to use ARTP, while perceived ease of use is not a significant direct antecedent. The perceived enjoyment has been proved to be the key influencing factor of intention to use the ARTP.
Coronary CTA is the Best Approach to Detect Coronary Artery Disease

In patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), an anatomical or functional approach can be used to guide further patient management. Functional techniques are able to assess the presence and extent of myocardial ischemia, whereas coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) can assess the presence and extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Coronary CTA has a high sensitivity to detect obstructive CAD in patients with a low to intermediate probability and is therefore commonly used to rule out coronary atherosclerosis. To improve its specificity, novel techniques as fractional flow reserve using CT (FFRct) and CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CTP) are emerging. This review will summarize the latest trials that investigated how coronary CTA can be applied in clinical practice and compare this technique to other imaging modalities.
Examining the Evidence of the Feminization of Poverty in Botswana

Poverty in Botswana is more pronounced in female-headed households (FHHs) especially those residing in rural areas where employment opportunities are limited. Similarly, the proportion of the FHHs to the total poor increased between 2002/03 and 2009/10. However, no study has so far analyzed whether feminization of poverty has occurred. This paper therefore, examines feminization of poverty in Botswana using the 2009/10 Botswana Core Welfare Indicator Survey and the 2002/03 Household Income and Expenditure Survey datasets. The results indicate no evidence of feminization of poverty (at both national and regional levels). However, the results reveal evidence of feminization of poverty amongst the married couples, the widowed, the divorced, the unemployed, those working in own farms and the self-employed. Therefore, public policy should focus on gender sensitive poverty alleviation strategies, with specific focus on the vulnerable FHHs, especially the divorced/separated and the widowed, in order to fully address the feminization of poverty amongst these groups.
Phenotypic Analysis of Alternaria alternata, the Causal Agent of Tobacco Brown Spot

Tobacco brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata is a devastating disease of tobacco worldwide. Phenotypic characterization of the pathogen was investigated to provide some basic information for biology and pathology by using BIOLOG Phenotype Microarray (PM). Using PM plates 1-10, 950 different growth conditions were tested. Results exhibited that the pathogen was able to metabolize 24.74% of tested carbon sources, 85.26% of nitrogen sources, 97.14% of sulfur sources and 89.83% of phosphorus sources. Most informative utilization patterns for carbon sources of A. alternata were carbohydrates and for nitrogen were various amino acids. The pathogen presented 274 different nitrogen pathways. It had wide range adaptabilities in osmolytes with up to 10% sodium chloride, up to 6% potassium chloride, up to 5% sodium sulfate, up to 20% ethylene glycol, up to 6% sodium formate, up to 6% urea, up to 12% sodium lactate, up to 200 mM sodium phosphate, up to 100 mM ammonium sulfate, up to 100 mM sodium nitrate and up to 20 mM sodium nitrite. It also exhibited active metabolism in the range of pH values between 3.5 and 10, with optimal pH of around 6.0. The pathogen showed active decarboxylase activity, whereas no deaminase activity in the presence of various amino acids.
Performance Level as Criterion for the Choice of Maize Testers 1

IT HAS been generally accepted that broad gene base testers are more efficient than narrow gene base testers for the evaluation of general combining ability in inbred lines of maize (Matzinger (7), Grogan and Zuber (4), and others). The importance of performance level or, by inference, gene frequency of the tester as a criterion for choice of testers, however, has never been as clearly established. Hull (5) stated that theoretically the most efficient tester would be homozygous recessive at all loci and that homozygosity for the dominance alleles at any locus should be avoided. These conclusions were based on considerations of the constant parent regression method of analysis of single crosses. The regression of performance of offspring on the performance of the variable parents for a particular constant parent was shown to be largest when the gene frequency of the character for the constant parent was zero. The regression was zero when the gene frequency was at one for complete dominance or at equilibrium gene frequency for overdominance. A strong positive regression would be desirable as this would allow more discrimination among the variable parents. Green (2) tested Hull's hypothesis with respect to lodging resistance. A lodging resistant double cross and a lodging susceptible open-pollinated variety were used as testers for the F2 progenies of three single crosses. When considerable lodging occurred, there was little difference between the testers. With little lodging, however, the lodging susceptible tester gave a much greater range for standability within all the F;2 progenies than the lodging resistant tester. Keller (6) reasoned that if Hull's hypothesis were correct, the component of variance due to the interaction of lines with testers would be less for high combining testers than for low combining testers. Separate estimates of the line X tester component of variance were obtained for the high and low yielding groups in 22 single cross experiments. The averages of these estimates were essentially the same for the two groups. It was concluded that the data disagreed with Hull's hypothesis. The purposes of the study reported herein were to consider further the role of average gene frequency of the
Comparing the Effectiveness of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP) and High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) in Prevention of Post Extubation Assisted Ventilation

Results: The mean gestational age of patients was 32.07 ± 1.48 weeks in NCPAP and 32.24 ± 1.7 weeks in HFNC group and their birth weight was 1885 ± 417 and 1905 ± 464 grams in NCPAP and HFNC groups, respectively. Demographic characteristics of patients were similar in the both groups. Although the rate of re-intubation, pneumothorax, intra-ventricular hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were higher in NCPAP group, the differences were not statistically significant. Nasal mucosa injury was determined in 27 (62.8%) neonates in NCPAP group and 14 (33.3%) infants in HFNC group (P = 0.007). Conclusions: In our study, HFNC was as effective as NCPAP for respiratory support in preterm infants after surfactant administration and extubation. Nasal mucosal injury rate was lower in HFNC group. It is recommended to perform future studies with larger number of patients before routine use of HFNC in post extubated preterm infants.
Service Quality-Satisfaction-Intention Relationships in the Internet Retail Context

ABSTRAC This paper examines the theoretical relationships between service quality, customer satisfaction and purchase intention in the internet context across products. It demonstrates to practitioners the value of investing in service quality improvement and provides possible answers to the general speculation that offering "search" products over the internet may be more promising than offering "experience" products. Initially, a classification study was conducted to identify the classification of products from the users' perspective. Then, a web survey resulting in 636 responses was carried out to test the hypothesised model. The results showed that the mediated relationships between service quality, satisfaction and repurchase intentions were supported in the internet context and this relationship was retained across three services: internet banking, airline ticketing and book retailing. The findings suggest that an advantageous position in the internet retail market may be gained through improvement in the overall service quality performance rather than relying on the classification of product offered to determine increase in internet purchases. Suggestions for further research are also provided. ABSTRAK Kajian ini meneliti hubungan teoretikal antara kualiti perkhidmatan. kepuasan pengguna dan niat pembelian dalam konleks internet di kalangan produk- produk yang berlainan. Kajian cuba menunjukkan kepada pengurus betapa beruntungnya melabur untuk meningkatkan kualiti perkhidmatan, disamping mencari jawapan kepada spekulasi umum yang menyatakan bahawa dalam perniagaan internet, menawarkan produk yang bersifat "pencarian" lebih baik berbanding produk yang bersifat "pengalaman ". Mula-mula satu kajian klasifikasi dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti klasifikasi produk-produk mengikut perspektif pengguna. Kemudian, satu survei laman web yang menghasilkan 636 respon dijalankan untuk menguji model hipotesis yang diketengahkan. Keputusan analisis menunjukkan hubungan perantaraan di antara kualiti perkhidmatan, kepuasan pengguna dan niat pembelian disokong dalam konteks internet dan hubungan ini kekal bagi keliga-tiga jenis perkhidmatan: perkhidmatan bank, penempahan tiket kapalterbang dan penjualan buku, melalui internet. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa suatu kelebihan dalam pasaran runeit internet lebih baik diperolehi melalui peningkatan prestasi keseluruhan kualiti perkhidmatan yang disediakan daripada bergantung kepada klasifikasi sesuatu produk untuk meningkatkan jualan melalui internet. Cadangan untuk kajian masa depan disediakan.
A Case Study of Teacher’s Questioning and Students’ Critical Thinking in College EFL Reading Classroom

The present case study mainly focused on the effects of a teacher’s questions on the development of students’ critical thinking. The purpose was to investigate whether teacher’s questions could facilitate students’ critical thinking which required students to manipulate knowledge instead of direct recalling. Classroom observation and interview were employed in the study. A teacher’s questioning behavior was observed and 17 students were interviewed. The results showed the teacher asked more lower-cognitive questions (79.2%) than higher ones (20.8%). Based on the theory of the cognitive domain, results revealed that excessive use of lower-cognitive questions could not facilitate the development of students’ critical thinking. Additionally, the misuse of higher-cognitive questions by the teacher was also identified.
Consumption Based Asset Pricing in a General Model of Expected Utility Maximizing Investors

This paper extends the generalized expected utility model of the 2009 Journal of Mathematical Economics paper, [22], to the case of a Markov investment returns process. Using this generalization of the additively separable model, we derive the equity premium in a Lucas asset pricing equilibrium with Markov consumption growth and extend the Mehra and Prescott, [40] calibration to the non-additively separable case. Riskfree rates and levered equity premia near the historical averages can be obtained by combining the assumption of a relatively high elasticity of substitution with the assumption that the relative risk aversion measure is also high. In particluar we can, as is commonly done, assume an elasticity of substitution of one and combine this with the assumption of a high relative risk aversion measure. Surprisingly the calibration results for the generalized expected utility preferences are virtually the same as those obtained assuming Epstein-Zin, Weil (EZW) preferences with the same parameter values. The EZW generalization of the additively separable preferences does not assume expected utility maximization but is dynamically consistent while our generalization does retain the assumption of expected utility maximization but is not dynamically consistent. Throughout the paper we relate our approach to the standard development of the additively separable case and to the EZW approach. We also present a separate development of the case in which the elasticity of substitution is one, which in the additively separable case, is "the log case. "
Implications of Sampling Frequency for Detecting Temporal Patterns during Environmental Effects Monitoring

To estimate the effects of sampling frequency on detecting temporal patterns during environmental effects monitoring, we used multivariate analyses and data subsampling to investigate long-term (spanning 20 years) patterns in benthic invertebrate community structure downriver of a large pulp mill in southern British Columbia. Patterns in invertebrate abundance sampled yearly were related to long-term patterns in several physicochemical variables measured in the river using multidimensional scaling ordination. The only available physicochemical variables that were significantly correlated with invertebrate community structure over the 20-year period were the mill outputs of total phosphorus and suspended solids, and these were associated with increased abundances of five families of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies. To evaluate the implications of sampling on a more coarse (than yearly) time scale, the full data set spanning 20 years was subsampled to produce a series of smaller data sets, each simulating a sampling frequency of once every three years. Ordination of the subsample data sets showed that an average of 71% of the important taxa and 50% of the important physicochemical variables highlighted in the full analysis were missed in the subset analyses. These results underscore the importance of ensuring adequate temporal replication of sampling effort when a major goal is to directly measure or test for temporal patterns of stressor impacts.
Chemical Ecology of Red Mangroves, Rhizophora mangle, in the Hawaiian Islands1

Abstract: The coastal red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L. , was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands from Florida 100 yr ago and has spread to cover many shallow intertidal shorelines that once were unvegetated mudflats. We used a field survey approach to test whether mangroves at the land-ocean interface could indicate watershed inputs, especially whether measurements of leaf chemistry could identify coasts with high nutrient inputs and high mangrove productivities. During 2001–2002, we sampled mangroves on dry leeward coasts of southern Moloka'i and O'ahu for 14 leaf variables including stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (&dgr;13C, &dgr;15N), macronutrients (C, N, P), trace elements (B, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn), and cations (Na, Mg, K, Ca). A new modeling approach using leaf Na, N, P, and &dgr;13C indicated two times higher productivity for mangroves in urban versus rural settings, with rural mangroves more limited by low N and P nutrients and high-nutrient urban mangroves more limited by freshwater inputs and salt stress. Leaf chemistry also helped identify other aspects of mangrove dynamics: especially leaf &dgr;15N values helped identify groundwater N inputs, and a combination of strongly correlated variables (C, N, P, B, Cu, Mg, K, Ca) tracked the mangrove growth response to nutrient loading. Overall, the chemical marker approach is an efficient way to survey watershed forcing of mangrove forest dynamics.
Critical Review: Effectiveness of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) with individuals with apraxia of speech

This critical review examines the effectiveness of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) with individuals with apraxia of speech. Experimental designs looking at this topic were all multiple baseline single subject design studies. The literature available provides evidence that SPT can be effective, as demonstrated in the limited number of studies published thus far. The results presented here need to be interpreted with caution as there have not yet been extensive investigations and there are inherent limitations in the methodologies used. Overall, the literature provides suggestive evidence that supports the use of SPT with individuals with apraxia of speech (AOS).
Twenty Years After Dayton: Bosnia-Herzegovina (Still) Stable and Explosive*

Abstract This paper examines how fragile Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is and whether it is indeed in danger of collapsing, as significant amount of academic literature often claims. The research finds that BiH is not in an immediate danger of collapse. BiH remains peaceful, despite the numerous challenges it faces. However, it comprises an alarming amount of causes of conflict that have been mitigated because both international actors and local elites benefit from the current status quo. Thus, BiH finds itself in a peaceful stalemate, which is likely to continue until a structural change occurs that triggers the outbreak of violent conflict.
A Content Analysis Of Patient Centredness In Hypertension Care After Consultation Training For Nurses

Lifestyle changes are important when it comes to reducing the risk factors for cardiovascular complications. There is evidence that these changes are more successful if counselling is conducted in a patient-centred way. The purpose was to analyse how nurses used patient-centred counselling with hypertensive patients after video-recorded consultation training. Nineteen nurses from nurse-led clinics in hypertension care at Swedish health centres participated in residential counselling. Two audio-recordings with hypertensive patients in regular practice were made before and after the training and analysed with the emphasis on patient centredness. Weighing up the pros and cons, the identification of beliefs about treatment and negotiations about the reasons for and where to begin behavioural change increased. A slight increase in reflections and pauses was observed. Expansive and provocative questions and the identification of goals or goal-setting were used sparsely. As a result of the training, the nurses gave individually-adapted information more frequently.
MIGRANT WORKERS VS. URBAN LOCAL WORKERS: EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND EARNINGS DIFFERENTIALS IN URBAN CHINA

Using a survey data conducted in five large Chinese cities, this paper examines the duality of urban labour markets during the transition in China and decomposes the components of the earnings differentials between migrant workers and urban local workers. The empirical results show that nearly 15.62 per cent of the hourly earnings differentials between migrant workers and urban local workers are due to the interoccupational earnings differentials, while the remaining is caused by intraoccupational earnings differentials. Also, the unexplained portion of the hourly earnings differentials between migrant workers and urban local workers is 55.62 per cent, which can mostly be regarded as discrimination against migrant workers. I. INTRODUCTION Differentials in employment opportunities and earnings are universally observed in labour markets, but they are not necessarily discriminatory. Usually, human capital endowments and other personal characteristics of workers are decisive in determining employment opportunities and levels of earnings. Only the unexplained component of the existing difference in work and earnings can be considered as the result of labour market discrimination (Becker, 1957). Even in countries with well-established labour markets and sound government regulations, labour market discrimination usually exists. For example, it is commonly observed that there are discriminations in work opportunity and earnings against minority ethnic groups, women, and legal and undocumented immigrants in labour markets of Europe and North America (Smith and Welch, 1977). The causes of discriminations are different depending on which group of people they target. While racial discrimination in certain periods of time may be caused simply by the ‘taste’ of employers, the unique characteristics of the labour supply are more likely to be the source of gender discrimination against women, and the discrimination against migrants is generally rooted in biased migration policies. During the transition of the Chinese economy from central planning to market mechanisms, the underdevelopment and imperfection of labour markets are also characterised by discrimination in employment and earnings. While a large flood of rural labourers migrate to cities, the household registration system (or hukou system) that segments rural and urban labour markets still functions. Rural-to-urban migrant workers, as the latecomers of the urban labour market, face different treatment from their urban counterparts‐entry discrimination when they try to obtain a job and earnings discrimination if they luckily have a job. A great deal of literature has focused on studies of labour markets in urban China, revealing some unique labour market characteristics in the period of transition. For example, some scholars