Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enabling Wide-Scale Computer Science Education through Improved Automated Assessment Tools

Author(s): Boe, Bryce | Advisor(s): Franklin, Diana | Abstract: There is a proliferating demand for newly trained computer scientists as the number of computer science related jobs continues to increase. University programs will only be able to train enough new computer scientists to meet this demand when two things happen: when there are more primary and secondary school students interested in computer science, and when university departments have the resources to handle the resulting increase in enrollment. To meet these goals, significant effort is being made to both incorporate computational thinking into existing primary school education, and to support larger university computer science class sizes. We contribute to this effort through the creation and use of improved automated assessment tools.To enable wide-scale computer science education we do two things. First, we create a framework called Hairball to support the static analysis of Scratch programs targeted for fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students. Scratch is a popular building-block language utilized to pique interest in and teach the basics of computer science. We observe that Hairball allows for rapid curriculum alterations and thus contributes to wide-scale deployment of computer science curriculum. Second, we create a real-time feedback and assessment system utilized in university computer science classes to provide better feedback to students while reducing assessment time. Insights from our analysis of student submission data show that modifications to the system configuration support the way students learn and progress through course material, making it possible for instructors to tailor assignments to optimize learning in growing computer science classes.
Identifying Mobile Inter-App Communication Risks

Malware collusion is a technique utilized by attackers to evade standard detection. It is a new threat where two or more applications, appearing benign, communicate to perform a malicious task. Most proposed approaches aim at detecting stand-alone malicious applications. We point out the need for analyzing data flows across multiple Android apps, a problem referred to as end-to-end flow analysis. In this work, we present a flow analysis for app pairs that computes the risk level associated with their potential communications. Our approach statically analyzes the sensitivity and context of each inter-app flow based on inter-component communication (ICC) between communicating apps, and defines fine-grained security policies for inter-app ICC risk classification. We perform an empirical study on 7,251 apps from the Google Play store to identify the apps that communicate with each other via ICC channels. Our results report four times fewer warnings on our dataset of 197 real app pairs communicating via explicit external ICCs than the state-of-the-art permission-based collusion detection.
Intelligent tutoring systems: An overview

Abstract: In this paper we look at the evolutionary development of Computer Assisted Instruction from the early days of ‘linear programs’ up to the use of ‘expert systems’ in education and training. We present the basic principles of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) which are capable of rich interaction with the student, which know how to teach, and who and what they are teaching. We point out the need for knowledge representation formalisms which can support ITS and present one such formalism (production systems). In the framework presented we describe systems developed for the teaching of modern languages, electronic trouble shooting and computer programming. Finally we point out the shortcomings of ITS and identify areas where a consensus of opinion does not exist. © 1986 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Masoud Yazdani: Masoud Yazdani studied Computer Science at the University of Essex and Artificial Intelligence at the University of Sussex. He joined Exeter University in 1980 as a lecturer in Computer Science. His research work is in two areas of computational models of creativity and intelligent tutoring systems. This latter area has led to implementation of various systems using artificial intelligence techniques to teach arithmetic and foreign languages. He is Chairman of Intellect Limited, a company specialising in applications of AI and to educate industry in what AI can offer it. He has acted as a consultant to various industrial companies including Acorn Computers, GTE Inc. and ITT Engineering Support Centre. He is the Committee Secretary for the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour (AISB). His books include New Horizons in Educational Computing, Artificial Intelligence: Human Effects, both published by Ellis Horwood Ltd. and Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Applications published by Chapman and Hall. )
Syntactic priming in language production: Evidence for separate mechanisms for syntactic structure and verb repetition

Syntactic priming in language production refers to the phenomenon that speakers tend to reuse a previously processed construction although having structural alternatives which convey the same meaning. The repetition of words, especially of the verb, boosts this tendency (cf. Pickering & Ferreira, 2008). Current debate is whether or not the lexical boost by verb repetition is caused by the same mechanism which is responsible for the verb-independent persistence of the abstract syntactic structure (cf. Bock & Griffin, 2000; Chang et al., 2006; Jaeger & Snider, 2013; Segaert et al., 2016).
Kernels and Geometry of Machine Learning

The contributions in the area of kernelized learning techniques have expanded beyond a few basic kernel functions to general kernel functions that could be learned along with the rest of a statistical learning model. This dissertation aims to explore various directions in kernel learning, a setting where we can learn not only a model, but also glean information about the geometry of the data from which we learn, by learning a positive-definite (p.d.) kernel. Throughout, we can exploit several properties of kernels that relate to their geometry – a facet that is often overlooked. We revisit some of the necessary mathematical background required to understand kernel learning in context, such as reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs), the reproducing property, the representer theorem, etc. We then cover kernelized learning with support vector machines (SVMs), multiple kernel learning (MKL), and localized kernel learning (LKL). We move on to Bochner’s theorem, a tool vital to one of the kernel learning areas we explore. The main portion of the thesis is divided into two parts: (1) kernel learning with SVMs, a.k. a. MKL, and (2) learning based on Bochner’s theorem. In the first part, we present efficient, accurate, and scalable algorithms based on the SVM, one that exploits multiplicative weight updates (MWU), and another that exploits local geometry. In the second part, we use Bochner’s theorem to incorporate a kernel into a neural network and discover that kernel learning in this fashion, continuous kernel learning (CKL), is superior even to MKL. For my wife Aimee Núñez, who has loved and supported me through this whole disruptive journey. Aimee, I hold nothing but love for you in my heart, and I hope that I’ve earned your dedication and loyalty.
Panel Data Analysis

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Local steroid injection accompanied by ultrasonographic imaging in the treatment of facet syndrome Faset sendromunun tedavisinde ultrasonografik görüntüleme eşliğinde lokal steroid enjeksiyonu uygulamasi

Ultrasonography (USG) is becoming increasingly important in visualizing the musculoskeletal system. It is used as a diagnostic guide and in local injection procedures but is less frequently applied in visualizing deep joints and injections. The purpose of this study is to describe the results of USG-guided facet joint injection in a 19-yearold male patient with low back pain for the preceding year and a preliminary diagnosis of facet syndrome, together with a review of the literature. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (1): 125-127
Deep neural network adaptation for children's and adults' speech recognition

English. This paper introduces a novel application of the hybrid deep neural network (DNN)-hidden Markov model (HMM) approach for automatic speech recognition (ASR) to target groups of speakers of a specific age/gender. The group-specific training of DNN is investigated and shown to be inefficient when the amount of training data is limited. To overcome this problem, the recent approach that consists in adapting a general DNN to domain/language specific data is extended to target age/gender groups in the context of hybrid DNN-HMM systems, reducing consistently the phone error rate by 15-20% relative for the three different speaker groups. Italiano. Questo articolo propone l'applicazione del modello ibrido " rete neurale artificiale multistrato-modelli di Markov nascosti " al riconoscimento automatico del parlato per gruppi di parlanti di una specifica fascia di eta o genere che in questo caso sono costituiti da: bambini, maschi adulti e femmine adulte. L'addestramente della rete neurale multistrato si e dimostrato poco efficace quando i dati di addestra-mento erano disponibili solo in piccola quantita per uno specifico gruppo di par-lanti. Per migliorare le prestazioni, un re-cente approccio proposto per adattare una rete neurale multistrato pre-addestrata ad un nuovo domino o ad una nuova lingualingua e stato esteso al caso di gruppi di par-lanti di diverse eta e genere. L'adozione di di una rete multistrato adattata per cias-cun gruppo di parlanti ha consentito di ottenere una riduzione dell'errore nel ri-conoscimento di fonemi del 15-20% rela-tivo per ciascuno dei tre gruppi di parlanti considerati.
Antibiotic usage at a primary health care unit in Bangladesh.

Background Antibiotics are one of the most expensive and frequently used medications in clinical settings. To achieve a better of antibiotic usage in Bangladesh, a pilot study was carried out at a primary health care unit in Bangladesh. Method The study involved the analysis of treatment records for 150 in-patients at a Primary Health Complex in Bangladesh from January 2009 to June 2009.
Intestinal Foreign Body With Concurrent Canine Parvovirus Enteritis In A Dog: A Case Report

Dogs eat all sorts of objects ranging from rocks, nails, grass, paper, bones and faeces. This condition of ingestion of nonfood material is referred to as Pica (Overall, 2005). Occasionally, objects that the dog would only chew onto or hold in its mouth are inadvertently swallowed. Fortunately, most objects that make it to the stomach are either digested or simply passed out with the stool or regurgitated. Wooden foreign bodies have been identified in the stomach and abdominal cavity of dogs (Penninck and Mitchell, 2003 and Hunt et al., 2003). Pneumothorax resulting from perforation of the stomach and diaphragm sequel to ingestion of foreign body has also been reported (Hunt et al., 2003). Horstman et al (2003) diagnosed gastric foreign body from survey abdominal radiograph of a dog where a large aggregate of solidified wood glue was surgically removed. The development of anuric renal failure associated with zinc intoxication was also detected in a dog following ingestion of an ornamental brass knob from a toilet paper holder (Volmer et al., 2004). These show that ingestion of foreign body may pose a severe consequence in dogs. Keywords : Diarrhoea, Foreign body, Metal rods Nigerian Veterinary Journal Vol. 28 (3) 2007 pp. 64-66
Life Impacts Following Reconstructive Hand Surgery for Tetraplegia

Purpose: Forearm tendon transfer surgery (FTTS) designed to restore independent hand function for tetraplegia is one intervention where assessment has tended to focus on outcomes of hand function and activity. To broaden the scope of assessment and further understanding of outcome following FTTS, this case study was designed to investigate the total life impacts of such surgical interventions from an individual perspective. Method: A single case study design was employed, utilizing a semi-structured interview and grounded theory methods to guide analysis. Results: All life domains described in the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) emerged. Improvements were identified up to 2–3 years post surgery. FTTS was identified as the key among a number of rehabilitation facilitators. The participant’s ongoing reference to preinjury attitude, ability, and experience highlighted a number of enduring characteristics that appeared to contribute to the positive outcome. Conclusion: Ad.
THE EFFECT OF CHILDHOOD VIRAL INFECTIONS ON THE INCIDENCE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

: Background : In this study, the history of viral infections of measles, chickenpox and mumps in childhood was compared between the two groups of adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy people. Materials and Methods : In this case-control study, a group of 45 MS patients and a group of 135 healthy people who were similar based on some variables were invited. Patients had a definite diagnosis of MS and control group consisted of people accompanying MS patients. Data were collected by a trained expert in face-to-face interview sessions. For data analysis, odds ratio index was calculated and 95% confidence interval was also computed. The mean age of respondents at the time of viral infections was also compared between the two groups. Results : The proportions of infected people by measles, chickenpox and mumps among MS patients were 58%, 56% and 40%, respectively. These proportions in healthy group were 68%, 52% and 44%, respectively. There was not any significant difference between these proportions in the two groups. Mean age of morbidity for measles, chickenpox and mumps among patients were 6.8±3.1, 8.7±2.98 and 10.6±4.7 years, and were significantly higher that these mean ages (4.1±2.1, 5.3±3.1 and 8.4±2.8, respectively) among healthy people (p Conclusion : Although there was not any significant difference between the history of morbidity of measles, chickenpox and mumps in the two groups of MS patients and healthy people, the mean ages of these viral infections among MS patients were significantly higher than healthy people.
Unix Kernel Modifications for Precision Time Synchronization

This report is a substantial revision of RFC-1589, “A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping,” March, 1994. It includes several changes to the daemon and user interfaces, as well as a new feature which disciplines the CPU clock oscillator in both time and frequency to a source of precision time signals, as well as provisions to operate with good accuracy at much higher poll intervals in the order of several hours. This report is included (in ASCII format) as the README.kern file in the NTP Version 3 distribution for Unix, as well as distributions for SunOS, Ultrix and OSF/1 kernel modifications which support precision time functions. Detailed technical information, including source code segments implementing these functions, is also available. Availability of the kernel distributions, which involve licensed code, will be announced separately.
Burnout of Japanese midwives working in hospitals

目 的 本研究の目的は，わが国における病院勤務助産師のバーンアウトの実態を明らかにすることである。 対象と方法 全国の産科診療を行う72病院に勤務する839人を対象に，自記式質問紙を用いた量的横断的調査を実施した。 バーンアウトの測定にはMaslach Burnout Inventry（MBI）尺度を用いた。 MBI下位尺度と基本的属性，助産師特性，勤務特性，勤務施設特性，職務満足，仕事継続意向，勤務病棟での働きやすさの認識との関連をみるために，一元配置分散分析，t検定ならびに相関分析を行った。 結 果 回収率は87. 2％，有効回答数はn＝708であった。 対象者の平均年齢は35. 2歳であった。 各下位尺度の平均得点は，「情緒的消耗感」15.67±4.50，「脱人格化」11.89±4.32，「個人的達成感の後退」20.61±4. 30であった。 婚姻歴，助産・産科看護経験年数，1日勤務時間，月残業時間ならびに有休消化等と情緒的消耗感ならびに脱人格化との間に有意な関連が見られた。 職位ならびに勤務形態と個人的達成感の後退との間に有意な関連が見られた。 職務満足と個人的達成感の後退の間に，仕事継続意向と情緒的消耗感ならびに個人的達成感の後退との間に負の相関関係があることが明らかになった。 結 論 わが国における病院勤務助産師のバーンアウトは，看護師を対象とした先行研究と比較して情緒的消耗感，脱人格化は同様もしくは低い傾向に，個人的達成感の後退においては低い傾向にある可能性が示唆された。 因果関係は明確ではないが，仕事満足ならびに仕事継続意向とバーンアウトとの間に関連があることが示唆された。 今後，各医療機関において事業場内産業保健スタッフ等による病院勤務助産師へのサポート体制を整備すること，助産師の配置を拡大すること，新人助産師への卒後教育を充実させることの重要性が示唆された。
The Relationship of Basic Conditioning Factors, Knowledge, Self-care Agency, Self-care Behavior, and Urinary Sodium Excretion of Hypertensive Older Adults: Testing Orem’s Self-Care Theory

Understanding the powerful factors of sodium reduction benefits older adults by leading to reduce many health risks, lower the health care cost and diminished economic and social burden. This study had two aims: 1) to explore to what degree four factors – selected basic conditioning factors, knowledge of sodium reduction, sodium reduction self-care agency, and sodium reduction self-care behavior predict urinary sodium excretion in hypertensive seniors, 2) to test whether these variables related to sodium reduction were congruent with Orem’s Self-Care Theory. Based on this theory, internal and external conditioning factors were proposed as either positively or negatively influencing an individual’s knowledge and capability in sodium reduction or self-care agency. These factors may have had either direct or indirect effects toward self-care behavior. If persons anticipated their knowledge and competence, they would use these clues for taking action in certain situations. These factors were expected to encourage sodium reduction self-care behavior. Later, the ultimate outcome in changing this behavior by consuming less dietary sodium was inversely represented by low urinary sodium excretion. A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in 312 patients age 60 or over who had been diagnosed with hypertension. The Knowledge of Dietary Sodium Reduction Scale, the Dietary Sodium Reduction Self-Care Agency Scale, and the Dietary Sodium Reduction Self-Care Behavior Scale were used in this study along with the 24-hour urinary sodium analysis. Structural equation modeling and the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) program were used to analyze the data. The final model of sodium reduction self-care behavior and urinary sodium excretion fit the data well. Significant associations among variables were observed which were consistent with Orem’s Self-Care Theory. Sodium reduction self-care agency, knowledge of sodium reduction, rural/urban, and education accounted for 39% of the variance explaining sodium reduction self-care behavior. Additionally, sodium reduction self-care behavior, sodium reduction self-care agency, knowledge of sodium reduction, rural/urban, and education accounted for 61% of the urinary sodium excretion. Knowledge of sodium reduction and sodium reduction self-care agency were the most important variable in the sodium reduction self-care behavior model and the urinary sodium excretion model, respectively.
Sen's Multi-Objective Programming Method and Its Comparison with Other Techniques

The present paper evaluates the Sen's Multi-Objective Programming (MOP) method for solving multi-objective optimization problems. The method has been successfully used in formulating suitable farm plans for achieving several objectives of maximizing income, maximizing employment, minimizing fertilizer use, minimizing irrigation and plant protection chemicals etc. Few studies have reported several alternative techniques of multi-objective optimization and concluded their superiority over Sen's MOP method with illogical interpretations. The examples used to demonstrate the solutions of these MOP techniques were also not appropriate.
Role of the NuA4 complex in the regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana

In plants, the time of flowering must be precisely regulated in order to ensure the reproductive success of these species. Chromatin remodeling plays a crucial role in the establishment and maintenance of gene expression patterns that drive developmental transitions in plants, and it is of utmost importance in the control of master regulators of the floral transition, including the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). In particular, the exchange of histone H2A by the histone variant H2A.Z in the FLC chromatin mediated by the SWR1 complex (SWR1-C) is required for the transcriptional activation of this floral repressor. In yeast, the SWR1-C shares four subunits with the histone acetyltransferase complex NuA4, and a close functional relationship between these complexes in the control of gene expression has been described. Most of the 13 subunits of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae NuA4 complex are conserved in Arabidopsis, suggesting that interplay between these two complexes could exist in Arabidopsis, and that histone acetylation mediated by this putative NuA4 complex may also have a role in the regulation of flowering time. In this work, we have characterized the functions of some of the Arabidopsis NuA4 subunits. We have revealed a redundant role for MRG1 and MRG2 in the activation of the floral transition and the expression of the flowering master genes FLC and FT. The direct binding of MRG2 to the chromatin of FLC suggests that MRG1 and MRG2 are involved in the chromatin-mediated regulation of this master regulator of flowering. In addition, transcriptomic studies suggest that MRG1 and MRG2 are also involved in the regulation of many biological processes, such as defense against pathogens. We have also shown that ING1 and ING2 play opposite roles in the regulation of flowering. Both proteins bind the chromatin of FLC and are required to maintain proper H4 acetylation levels in this locus. ING2 also binds and regulates H4 acetylation in the chromatin of FT. Their ability to physically interact with NuA4 components suggests that ING1 and ING2 regulate the acetylation status of their target genes in the context of this multiprotein complex. Transcriptomic data regarding ing1 and ing2 mutants indicate that ING1 and ING2 have independent and redundant functions in the control of gene expression in Arabidopsis, and suggest a role for them as central regulators of several biological processes.
Diversité et spécificité des chants du Bruant zizi (Emberiza cirlus)

Analyse de la diversite et la specificite des chants de cette espece sans dialectes. Etude des chants atypiques pour comprendre l'autogenese des chants. Le cas d'un bruant zizi eleve en isolement acoustique permet d'expliquer l'origine de certains chants atypiques
Authentic problem-based learning: rewriting business education

How relevant is business education today? Authentic problem-based learning is an educational philosophy that places students at centre stage of the learning experience to solve authentic problems that mirror real work demands. Its educational goals are to develop students in acquiring integrated knowledge, self-directed learning skills, problem-solving skills and team work skills. It promotes a culture of inquirers and replaces the culture of receivers. This book serves as a manual for implementing authentic problem-based learning. It sets out the principles to follow in designing an authentic problem-based learning curriculum and guidelines in designing good problems. It also explains how to conduct small group authentic problem-based learning tutorials and how to design assessments that reflect the educational goals of authentic problem-based learning.