Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE MANAGEMENT OF SKIN AND SKIN STRUCTURE INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS: A REVIEW OF EMPIRIC ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SUMMARY This article reviews the diagnosis and management of mild‐to‐moderate skin and skin structure infections in children, adolescents and adults in a general practice setting. Therapies reviewed are those in current use: penicillins; beta‐lactamase stable penicillins, including flucloxacillin, oxacillin, and amoxicillin‐clavulanate; oral quinolones; macrolides; and oral cephalosporins. Consideration is given to duration of therapy, side‐effect profile and compliance.
Early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy

Background: Among typical patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), a few KD patients present with only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy at admission (KDL). These patients have a significant risk for misdiagnosis, delay in treatment for KD, and development of coronary artery abnormalities. Therefore, the development of an easy tool for early diagnosis in these patients is desirable.
Selective inhibition of the cell cycle of cultured human diploid fibroblasts by aminonucleoside of puromycin

Aminonucleoside (AMS) inhibited the cell cycle of human lung fibroblasts at a point in G1 phase and at another point in G2 phase. Even when this inhibition was fully established, DNA synthesis and mitosis which were in progress proceeded normally. Inhibition of RNA synthesis in the cultures preceded the effects on DNA synthesis and mitosis, but inhibition of protein synthesis could not be detected.
Tumor B 7-H 1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients with Long-term Follow-up

B7-H1 participates in T-cell costimulation functioning as a negative regulator of immunity. Recent observations suggest that B7-H1 is expressed by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumor cells and is associated with poor prognosis. However, outcome analyses have been restricted to patients with fresh-frozen tissue and limited follow-up. We report the clinical effect of B7-H1 in RCC patients with a median of 10 years of follow-up. Between 1990 and 1994, 306 patients underwent nephrectomy for clear cell RCC and had paraffin tissue available for review. We did immunohistochemistry with anti-B7-H1 and conducted outcome analyses. Among the 306 patients, 73 (23.9%) harbored tumors with B7-H1 expression. Patients with tumor B7-H1 were at a significantly increased risk of both death from RCC [risk ratio (RR), 3.92; P < 0.001] and overall mortality (RR, 2.37; P < 0.001). The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 41.9% and 82.9% for patients with and without tumor B7-H1, respectively. In a multivariate model, tumor B7-H1 remained associated with cancer-specific death even after adjusting for tumor-node-metastasis stage, grade, and performance status (RR, 2.00; P = 0.003). In the subset of 268 patients with localized RCC, tumor B7-H1 was significantly associated with metastatic cancer progression (RR, 3.46; P < 0.001) and death from RCC (RR, 4.13; P < 0.001) even after adjusting for stage, grade, and performance status (RR, 1.78, P = 0.036). RCC patients with tumor B7-H1 are at significant risk of rapid cancer progression and accelerated rates of mortality. B7-H1 may function as a key determinant in RCC, abrogating immune responses directed against this immunogenic tumor. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(7): 3381-5)
Contemporary treatment of rectal carcinoma

In the last few decades we have witnessed a great advancement in the treatment of rectal carcinoma. This advancement has partly been enabled by the development of new surgical techniques, magnetic resonance imaging as an optimal diagnostic tool and of new histopathological techniques for resected specimen evaluation. Other important contributions include the development of sophisticated radiotherapy treatment techniques which, applied with new cytostatics and smart drugs, induce a better tumor response while reducing toxicity. Although each discipline has contributed to a better understanding of the disease, it is the multidisciplinary approach that has yielded success in treatment so far.
Differentiating Taenia solium andTaenia saginata Infections by Simple Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining and PCR-Restriction Enzyme Analysis

ABSTRACT Species-specific identification of human tapeworm infections is important for public health purposes, because prompt identification ofTaenia solium carriers may prevent further human cysticercosis infections (a major cause of acquired epilepsy). Two practical methods for the differentiation of cestode proglottids, (i) routine embedding, sectioning, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and (ii) PCR with restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-REA), were tested on samples from 40 individuals infected with T. solium(n = 34) or Taenia saginata(n = 6). Microscopic examination of HE staining of sections from 24 cases, in which conserved proglottids were recovered, clearly revealed differences in the number of uterine branches. Distinct restriction patterns for T. solium and T. saginata were observed when the PCR products containing the ribosomal 5.8S gene plus internal transcribed spacer regions were digested with either AluI, DdeI, orMboI. Both HE histology and PCR-REA are useful techniques for differentiating T. solium from T. saginata. Importantly, both techniques can be used in zones of endemicity. HE histology is inexpensive and is currently available in most regions of endemicity, and PCR-REA can be performed in most hospital centers already performing PCR without additional equipment or the use of radioactive material.
Characterization of the impact of faulty drivers on the robustness of the Linux kernel

Drivers are becoming the larger part of operating systems kernels. Previous studies have shown that device drivers seem to be one of the most important sources of operating systems misbehavior. Their failure can have significant impact on the kernel and cause significant damages to the system as a whole. To objectively characterize the impact of faulty drivers, we have carried out a series of fault injection experiments. To conduct these experiments we have targeted the DPI (Driver Programming Interface) that implements the way device drivers interact with the kernel. Faults are injected on the parameters of these kernel core Junctions. This allows for the derivation of useful results about the failure modes induced and thus characterization of the robustness of a target kernel with respect to faulty drivers. The information gathered also enables to improve these interaction facilities.
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in a boy with fibrous boney dysplasia.

PURPOSE To report a case of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy combined with fibrous boney dysplasia. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 16-year-old boy presented with painless vision loss in both eyes. He had a history of a right humerus fracture and right femoral fracture surgery after an uncomplicated fall. On examination in our clinic, his visual acuity was counting fingers at 20 cm OD and counting fingers at 40 cm OS. Both pupils reacted sluggishly to light. The findings on slit-lamp examination and funduscopy after pupillary dilation were all unremarkable. Computed tomography scans demonstrated fibrous dysplasia involving the right frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones but no stenosis of either optic canal. His serum alkaline phosphatase was 522 U/L (reference range: 40-150 U/L). His vision showed no improvement after intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Finally, a 11778 mitochondrial DNA mutation was detected. He still had no visual recovery after treatment with oral coenzyme Q10, vitamin B1, and citicoline. CONCLUSION Fibrous dysplasia of bone may be associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, possibly due to the fact that it increases local oxygen consumption.
Genioglossal muscle response to CO2 stimulation during NREM sleep.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The objective was to evaluate the responsiveness of upper airway muscles to hypercapnia with and without intrapharyngeal negative pressure during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and wakefulness. DESIGN We assessed the genioglossal muscle response to CO2 off and on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (to attenuate negative pressure) during stable NREM sleep and wakefulness in the supine position. SETTING Laboratory of the Sleep Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS Eleven normal healthy subjects. INTERVENTIONS During wakefulness and NREM sleep, we measured genioglossal electromyography (EMG) on and off CPAP at the normal eupneic level and at levels 5 and 10 mm Hg above the awake eupneic level. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS We observed that CO2 could increase upper-airway muscle activity during NREM sleep and wakefulness in the supine position with and without intrapharyngeal negative pressure. The application of nasal CPAP significantly decreased genioglossal EMG at all 3 levels of PETCO2 during NREM sleep (13.0 +/- 4.9% vs. 4.6 +/- 1.6% of maximal EMG, 14.6 +/- 5.6% vs. 7.1 +/- 2.3% of maximal EMG, and 17.3 +/- 6.3% vs. 10.2 +/- 3.1% of maximal EMG, respectively). However, the absence of negative pressure in the upper airway did not significantly affect the slope of the pharyngeal airway dilator muscle response to hypercapnia during NREM sleep (0.72 +/- 0.30% vs. 0.79 +/- 0.27% of maximal EMG per mm Hg PCO2, respectively, off and on CPAP). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that both chemoreceptive and negative pressure reflex inputs to this upper airway dilator muscle are still active during stable NREM sleep.
better cell-mediated immune response Female Iberian wall lizards prefer male scents that signal a

, 404-406 1 2005 Biol. Lett. Pilar López and José Martín better cell-mediated immune response Female Iberian wall lizards prefer male scents that signal a References http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/1/4/404.full. html#related-urls Article cited in: http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/1/4/404.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 19 articles, 5 of which can be accessed free Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
Diaphragmatic Thickness Fraction in Subjects at High-Risk for COPD Exacerbations

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-based diaphragmatic thickness fraction is a reflection of the size and function of the diaphragm. This study aimed to examine the value of this measurement in identifying patients with COPD who are at high risk for the development of symptoms and exacerbations. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 53 subjects with COPD. Respiratory function test results, ultrasonography-based diaphragmatic thickness, symptom scores (modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale); COPD Assessment Test results, and number of previous exacerbations and admissions were recorded. RESULTS: Only age showed an inverse and weak relation with percent thickness fraction (r = −0.37, P = .006). None of the other variables tested correlated significantly with percent thickness fraction. No association was found between percent thickness fraction and exacerbation frequency, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale and COPD Assessment Test symptom scores, or Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ABCD risk/symptom assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Diaphragmatic thickness fraction measurements based on diaphragmatic ultrasound assessment in subjects with COPD seemed to be unable to identify subjects at high risk of symptoms and exacerbations as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ABCD composite disease index.
Appropriate CCM-based algorithm for adaptive antenna array beamforming

Smart antenna is one of the most efficient and useful innovations in achieving maximum capacity, improved quality as well as coverage. In this investigation, we try to run a systematic comparison of the performance of different modified blind adaptive beamforming algorithms based on constrained constant modulus (CCM). Two of them use adaptive step size mechanisms, in the stochastic Gradient (SG) algorithm for adjusting the step size with low-complexity (CCM_SG_MASS, CCM_SG_TAASS). Other one is uses recursive least squares (RLS) type optimization algorithm (CCM_RLS) which is replaced by inverse of correlation matrix instead of step size. Simulations are implemented assuming uniform linear array (ULA) and 5 users that one of them is desired signal. Results revealed that modified algorithms, RLS_type, TAASS and MASS, offer higher performance respect to conventional CCM, respectively. Also RLS_type converges faster and it can cancel the interferences close to the desired signal better. Also the SINR level is higher and BER is less than other methods. However MASS and TAASS have less complexity.
Irritation Fibroma Associated with Candidiasis-A Rare Case Presentation

Soft tissue enlargement of oral cavity is quite common phenomenon in occurrence; these may be either benign growth or malignant. Most of the oral soft tissue enlargement involved either buccal or labial mucosa as well as buccal or labial gingiva. The appearance of most of the benign enlargement is quite similar and makes their diagnosis confusing. The reason for the benign growth is most of the time related to chronic irritation due to various sources and irritation fibroma is one of them. Oral cavity is a home to many oral flora, when the balance of oral cavity in the form of good oral care is maintained the oral cavity is in good health, however if the maintenance is poor the oral flora which are present in the mouth causes various lesions and candidiasis is one of them. it is quite rare to find irritational fibroma and candidiasis in a same individual.
Effect of real-time cortical feedback in motor imagery-based mental practice training.

BACKGROUND Mental practice using motor imagery of limb movement may facilitate motor recovery in persons who have experienced cerebrovascular accident (CVA). However, the lack of a feedback mechanism that can monitor the quality of the motor imagery affects patients' engagement and motivation to participate in the mental practice training program. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of novel real-time motor imagery-associated cortical activity feedback on motor imagery-based mental practice training. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Both groups participated in a five-visit motor imagery-based mental practice training program managed over a period of two months. The intervention group received mental practice training with real-time feedback of movement-associated cortical activity-beta band (16-28 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) in electroencephalography (EEG), using a novel custom-made brain-computer interface (BCI) system. The control group received the mental practice training program without EEG cortical feedback. Motor excitability was assessed by measuring the frequency power magnitude of the EEG rhythmic activity associated with physical execution of wrist extension before and after the motor imagery-based mental practice training. RESULTS The EEG frequency power magnitude associated with the physical execution of wrist extension was significantly lower (i.e. more desynchronized) after the mental practice training in the intervention group that received real-time cortical feedback (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference in EEG frequency power magnitude associated with the physical execution of wrist extension was observed before and after mental practice training in the control group who did not receive feedback. CONCLUSIONS The mental practice training program with motor imagery-associated cortical feedback facilitated motor excitability during the production of voluntary motor control. Motor imagery-based mental practice training with movement-associated cortical activity feedback may provide an effective strategy to facilitate motor recovery in brain injury patients, particularly during the early rehabilitation stage when full participation in physical and occupational therapy programs may not be possible due to excessive motor weakness.
THE MISSING PEOPLE: ACCOUNTING FOR THE PRODUCTIVITY OF INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS IN CAPE COLONIAL HISTORY*

Abstract Because information about the livelihoods of indigenous groups in Africa is often missing from colonial records, the presence of such people usually escapes attention in quantitative estimates of colonial economic activity. This is nowhere more apparent than in the eighteenth-century Dutch Cape Colony, where the role of the Khoesan in Cape production, despite being frequently acknowledged, has been almost completely ignored in quantitative investigations. Combining household-level settler data with anecdotal accounts of Khoesan labour, this article presents new estimates of the Khoesan population of the Cape Colony. Our results show that the Khoesan did not leave the area as a consequence of settler expansion. On the contrary, the number of Khoesan employed by the settlers increased over time, as the growth of settler farming followed a pattern of primitive accumulation and drove the Khoesan to abandon their pastoral lifestyle to become farm labourers. We show that, in failing to include the Khoesan population, previous estimates have overestimated slave productivity, social inequality, and the level of gross domestic product in the Cape Colony.
A comparison of polymerase chain reaction examination of cerebrospinal fluid and conventional cytology in the diagnosis of lymphomatous meningitis

Inherent limitations of conventional cytology often result in a failure to diagnose lymphomatous meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients who actually have the disease. The development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for the diagnosis of lymphoma based on the detection of clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin or T‐cell receptor genes offers an alternative, DNA‐based test for the diagnosis of lymphoma in the CSF.
Politische Institutionalisierung und Governance-Formen der deutschen Metropolregionen im Vergleich

Mit der Bildung von Metropolregionen versuchen Stadte und Kreise auf Anforderungen des globalen Standortwettbewerbes zu reagieren. Damit zeichnen sich neue Formen grosflachiger interkommunaler Kooperation ab. In Deutschland sind in raumentwicklungspolitischer Absicht elf solcher Metropolregionen definiert und Anstose zu ihrer Konstituierung gegeben worden. Um ihre politische Institutionalisierung bemuhen sich die regionalen Akteure mit unterschiedlichem Erfolg, schlagen dabei aber zum Teil ahnliche Wege ein. In der vorliegenden Studie werden die deutschen Metropolregionen mit Hilfe eines Stufenmodells der politischen Institutionalisierung diesbezuglich miteinander verglichen. Dabei wird auch der Einfluss intervenierender Faktoren wie der poly- bzw. monozentrischen Siedlungsstruktur sowie der Existenz von Landergrenzen in diesen Regionen untersucht. Die Untersuchung kommt zum Ergebnis, dass bisher nur wenige Metropolregionen das Stadium fortgeschrittener Institutionalisierung und damit auch Kooperation erreicht haben. Eine Best-Practice-Empfehlung lasst sich den eingeschlagenen Institutionalisierungspfaden bisher nicht entnehmen. Der Konstituierungsprozess zeichnet sich derzeit noch durch hohe Dynamik aus, sodass eine Wiederholung der Studie in den nachsten Jahren angezeigt erscheint.
Vitamin D modulates tissue factor and protease‐activated receptor 2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells

Clinical and epidemiologic studies reveal an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Because vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)‐derived tissue factor (TF) is suggested to be critical for arterial thrombosis, we investigated whether the vitamin D molecules calcitriol and paricalcitol could reduce the expression of TF induced by the proinflammatory cytokine TNF‐α in human aortic VSMCs. We found that, compared with controls, incubation with TNF‐α increased TF expression and procoagulant activity in a NF‐κB‐dependent manner, as deduced from the increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells protein 65 (p65‐NF‐κB) and direct interaction of NF‐kB to the TF promoter. This was accompanied by the up‐regulation of TF signaling mediator protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR‐2) expression and by the down‐regulation of vitamin D receptor expression in a miR‐346‐dependent way. However, addition of calcitriol or paricalcitol blunted the TNF‐α‐induced TF expression and activity (2.01 ± 0.24 and 1.32 ± 0.14 vs. 3.02 ± 0.39 pmol/mg protein, P < 0.05), which was associated with down‐regulation of NF‐kB signaling and PAR‐2 expression, as well as with restored levels of vitamin D receptor and enhanced expression of TF pathway inhibitor. Our data suggest that inflammation promotes a prothrombotic state through the up‐regulation of TF function in VSMCs and that the beneficial cardiovascular effects of vitamin D may be partially due to decreases in TF expression and its activity in VSMCs. —Martinez‐Moreno, J. M. , Herencia, C. , Montes de Oca, A. , Muñoz‐Castañeda, J. R. , Rodríguez‐Ortiz, M. E. , Díaz‐Tocados, J. M. , Peralbo‐Santaella, E. , Camargo, A. , Canalejo, A. , Rodriguez, M. , Velasco‐Gimena, F. , Almaden, Y. , Vitamin D modulates tissue factor and protease‐activated receptor 2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J. 30, 1367–1376 (2016). www.fasebj. org