Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability of jumping performance in active men and women under different stretch loading conditions.

BACKGROUND To determine the reliability of squatting jumps (SJ), counter-movement jumps (CMJ) and drop jumps (DJ) tests, as well as the reliability of the optimal dropping height during drop jumping. METHODS Jumping performance was assessed in 8 male and 9 female physical education students. Their age, weight and height (mean +/- SD) were 23.9 +/- 2.1 years, 72.0 +/- 12.1 kg, 174.3 +/- 10.4 cm, and 23.1 +/- 2.0 years, 54.8 +/- 4.9 kg, 160.1 +/- 5.0 cm for the males and females, respectively. The jumping performance was determined on six different testing days. On each testing day, squatting jumps (SJ) and counter-movement jumps (CMJ) were performed as well as drop jumps (DJ) from heights between 20 and 100 cm. The dropping height given the maximum attained height was registered as the optimal dropping height (ODH). After a 15 min rest period, a 30 sec hopping test (HT) was performed and the mean height attained (MHT) as well as the number of jumps executed (NHT) were recorded. The height attained was computed from the flight time, which was measured with a digital timer (+/- 0.001 sec) connected to a resistive platform. RESULTS The pooled coefficients of variation in percentage were 5.4 (SJ), 6.3 (CMJ), 6.2 (DJ), 31.9 (ODH), 3.1 (NHT) and 6.7 (MHT). A parabolic relationship between dropping height and attained height was found (r = 0.39-0.43, p < 0.001). The ODH was 48.2 +/- 14.0 cm and 62.9 +/- 21.3 cm for females and males, respectively (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed than ODH can be predicted from the SJ with a standard error of 9 cm. CONCLUSIONS The variability of the assessment of jumping performance is similar to that reported for other variables used in the assessment of physical fitness. In contrast, the assessment of the optimal dropping height is less reliable.
Investigating the literacy, language and memory skills of children with Down syndrome

This paper presents the first phase of a longitudinal study following 24 children with Down syndrome who are receiving their education in mainstream primary schools. The literacy, numeracy, language and memory skills of the children with Down syndrome were compared to 2 groups of children selected from their classmates. The comparison groups were a group of typically developing children who were average readers in the classes and a group of children who were matched to the children with Down syndrome for reading age. The baseline data revealed that the children with Down syndrome had uneven cognitive profiles with relatively advanced reading skills compared to their other cognitive skills. The group of ordinary children who were matched to the children with Down syndrome on reading ability, attained significantly higher scores than the children with Down syndrome on all assessments other than reading. However, the reading matched group who were generally of below average reading ability for their age, were also significantly delayed relative to the average readers on measures of language, number and memory. As a group the average readers were average or above average on all measures. A cross-sectional analysis which divided the children with Down syndrome into 3 groups according to age and school year group indicates steady progress in all skills as the children move through primary school.
Arthroscopic evaluation of menisci in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament injuries: 100 cases (1999-2000).

OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence of meniscal injuries by use of arthroscopic examination in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 94 dogs with 100 injured CCLs. PROCEDURE Records for 94 large dogs (> 20 kg [44 lb]) with 100 naturally occurring CCL injuries that were examined arthroscopically were reviewed. Pathologic findings in the CCL (complete or partial tears), prevalence and type of meniscal injuries, and periarticular osteophytes were recorded. RESULTS 77% of joints had tears of the lateral meniscus; most were a series of small radial tears of the cranial horn. Fifty-eight percent of joints had tears of the medial meniscus. Positive correlation between complete tears of the CCL and medial meniscal damage was found. No significant relationships were detected between periarticular osteophyte formation and meniscal injury, medial and lateral meniscal injury, or degree of CCL tear and lateral meniscal injury. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is a strong association between CCL injury and lateral and medial meniscal injuries in dogs. Clinical importance of lateral meniscal lesions is not known; a much higher percentage of dogs had such injuries than has been reported previously, possibly because of use of arthroscopy.
ADOPTION OF ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE BY AGRO BASED ENTERPRISES IN CHINA -THE CASE OF MEDIUM AND SMALL SCALE PRIVATELY OWNED ENTERPRISES, STATE-OWNED FARMS AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES-

Accounting software has evolved very rapidly and, compared to other enterprises, agro based operations have been slow to adopt accounting software applications. This paper investigates the factors influencing accounting software adoption in terms of the key characteristics of the businesses' manager, accountant and accounting software. Data was collected by a structured survey questionnaire covering 46 agro based enterprises in China. The results revealed low rate of accounting software adoption by these enterprises. Moreover, among the characteristics of the manager and accountant, variables such as manager's age was negatively related to accounting software adoption, accountant's education and number of accountants employed by the enterprise positively influenced the level of adoption. Software characteristics such as software timeliness and software adequacy positively influenced the likelihood of adoption, and software security negatively influenced the level of adoption. Findings of this study have important implications for software developers and vendors.
Cyclic gonadotropin release in the presence and absence of estrogenic feedback in ovariectomized golden hamsters.

Two or 3 weeks after ovariectomy, adult hamsters housed on 14 h of light/day (lights 0600-2000 h) a) received a 5 mm Silastic implant containing crystalline-estradiol-1713, b) received an empty implant or c) received no implant. Following decapitation 1, 3 or 5 days later, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. All animals demonstrated a peak release of LH between 1300 and 1800 h. Similar results were observed in females sampled by cardiac puncture 5 weeks after ovariectomy. FSI-I release was more varied; a cyclic pattern was not discernable in every group. Exposure to estradiol for 1 day induced levels of LH similar to those seen during spontaneous LH release on the afternoon of proestrus. FSH in these animals was elevated 3 times over proestrous levels. estradiol was correlated with reduction of peak levels of LH and FSH and of FSH groups, pituitary levels of LH and FSH were significantly elevated over those observed in intact females sampled over a similar period on the day of proestrus. In castrates with empty implants or with no implants, pituitary LH was elevated 3-5 times and pituitary FSH 13-18 times over levels observed in intact proestrous hamsters. Exposure to estradiol for 1 day resulted in a significant increase in pituitary LH, but not FSH. Pituitary gonadotropin content diminished with prolonged exposure to estradiol, though even after 5 days, glandular content remained significantly greater than that in intact proestrous hamsters. These results suggest that an endogenous pacemaker times gonadotropin release in reproductively mature female hamsters and that estradiol acts to alter synthesis and release of LH and FSH. to
Characteristics of Minority Entrepreneurs and Small Business Enterprises

Questionnaire data was obtained from 220 minority entrepreneurs pertinent to their social backgrounds, demographic characteristics, and company characteristics. Comparisons with previous research on nonminority entrepreneurs found the minority entrepreneurs surveyed to be younger, less foreign-born, higher in educational level, but similar in economic and social background. Significant relationships were found between various personal characteristics of minority entrepreneurs and characteristics of their firms.
From the runway to the airway and beyond

Embracing simulation and team training—now is the time Ed Link had an early fascination with flying, yet the expensive costs of plane rentals and fuel to practice his piloting skills were beyond his modest salary as a tuner of pianos and organs. So in 1928, using organ parts, bellows, and compressed air, he finished construction of a mechanical device he called the “pilot maker” (see http://www.link.com/history.html). It had short wooden wings with a fuselage mounted on a universal joint, capable of pitching and rolling while the fledgling pilot worked the controls. Further improvements to the device in the 1930s enabled pilots to train to fly in adverse weather guided by instruments, ushering in the era of modern day training simulators. During wrld wr II, tens of thousands of pilots were trained in Link simulators, and a …
Reconfigurable Silicon Photonics Integrated 16-QAM Modulator Driven by Binary Electronics

A novel silicon photonics integrated reconfigurable nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer including tunable splitters and four independent phase modulators has been designed and fabricated. The architecture enables the generation of offset-free phase-amplitude constellations such as QPSK and 16-QAM by employing simple binary signals with equal peak-to-peak amplitude. The adoption of tunable splitters introduces novel features such as reconfiguration of the output constellation without modification of the RF waveform settings, as well as compensation for imperfections related to fabrication tolerances. The solution presented in this paper is based on travelling wave MZIs and thermally tunable splitters based on doped rib waveguides heated by Joule effect. The scheme minimizes the complexity of the employed architecture together with one of the driving signals. Numerical analysis has been also conducted to better investigate the system behavior and parameter optimization, evaluating the impact of suboptimum settings that might occur in a real implementation. Experimental results show the generation of QPSK signals up to 28 Gbd and 16-QAM signals up to 20 Gbd with measured bit error rate below the conventional FEC level.
How we Walk: Central Control of Muscle Activity during Human Walking

Recent advances in noninvasive electrophysiological and brain imaging techniques have made investigation of the central control of human walking possible. We are thus now able to ask in what way the motor control circuitries in the human brain and spinal cord have been modified in order to control bipedal walking. This information is of importance not only for our understanding of basic control strategies and paradigms but also for future attempts at rehabilitating the gait ability of patients after lesions of the brain and spinal cord.
How Initial Representations Shape Coupled Learning Processes

Coupled learning processes, in which specialists from different domains learn how to make interdependent choices among alternatives, are common in organizations. We explore the role played by initial representations held by the learners in coupled learning processes using a formal agent-based model. We find that initial representations have important consequences for the success of the coupled learning process, particularly when communication is constrained and individual rates of learning are high. Under these conditions, initial representations that generate incorrect beliefs can outperform one that does not discriminate among alternatives, or even a mix of correct and incorrect representations among the learners. We draw implications for the design of coupled learning processes in organizations.
Two Faces of Early Corporate Venture Capital Funding: Promoting Innovation and Inhibiting IPOs

We examine the dual effects of corporate venture capital (CVC) funding in a startup’s early stage on the startup’s long-term innovation rate and exit outcome. Based on a sample of 473 startups funded by independent venture capitalists and/or corporate venture capitalists, we find that startups that received CVC funding in their first three years of life tend to patent more but are less likely to go public, after accounting for their propensity to receive early CVC funding. Moreover, the detrimental effect of early CVC funding on the likelihood of an IPO is more pronounced when the startup’s founders are novice entrepreneurs. It appears that the incentives and capabilities of corporate investors leave a strong imprinting effect on a startup’s long-term innovation rate and exit outcomes. Our study has implications for CVC research, and more broadly, for the literature on the rate and direction of innovation by startups.
The Impact of Schools on Young People's Transition to University. Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. Research Report 61.

This report uses Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) data to look at the impact of schools on a student’s tertiary entrance rank (TER) and the probability of them going to university (controlling for TER). It shows that the characteristics of schools do matter: although young people’s individual characteristics are the main drivers of success, school attributes are also responsible for almost 20% of the variation in TER scores. The three most important school attributes for TER include sector (Catholic and independent/ government); gender mix (single sex/co-educational) and the extent to which a school is ‘academic’. The socioeconomic status of schools didn’t emerge as a significant influence on TER. For the probability of going to university, after controlling for TER, the most significant school characteristics include the proportion on non-English speaking background students; the sector; and the socioeconomic make-up of the student body.
Inside the "Hybrid" Iron Cage: Political Origins of Hybridization

This paper examines how social-movement-type political interactions between conflicting parties within an organization influence the adoption of a hybrid practice. We argue that a hybrid practice is likely to be adopted when power balance between challengers and incumbents is achieved. To shed light on conditions for organizational settlement based on such power balance, we focus on three factors: structures, actors, and processes of social-movement-type political interactions within organizations. By studying changes in the presidential selection systems of Korean universities between 1988 and 2006, this paper illustrates how organizational settlement resulted in the adoption of a hybrid system by combining elements of two previous competing presidential selection systems—appointment and direct voting systems. The general implications for the understanding of hybridization, organizational settlement, and organizational heterogeneity are discussed.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients with Various Degrees of Renal Impairment

ABSTRACT Ribavirin (RBV) is an integral part of standard-of-care hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments and many future regimens under investigation. The pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of RBV in chronically HCV-infected patients with renal impairment are not well defined and were the focus of an open-label PK study in HCV-infected patients receiving RBV plus pegylated interferon. Serial RBV plasma samples were collected over 12 h on day 1 of weeks 1 and 12 from patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CLCR], 30 to 50 ml/min; RBV, 600 mg daily), severe renal impairment (CLCR, <30 ml/min; RBV, 400 mg daily), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (RBV, 200 mg daily), or normal renal function (CLCR, >80 ml/min; RBV, 800 to 1,200 mg daily). Of the 44 patients, 9 had moderately impaired renal function, 10 had severely impaired renal function, 13 had ESRD, and 12 had normal renal function. The RBV dose was reduced because of adverse events (AEs) in 71% and 53% of severe and moderate renal impairment groups, respectively. Despite this modification, patients with moderate and severe impairment had 12-hour (area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h [AUC0–12]) values 36% (38,452 ng · h/ml) and 25% (35,101 ng · h/ml) higher, respectively, than those with normal renal function (28,192 ng · h/ml). Patients with ESRD tolerated a 200-mg daily dose, and AUC0–12 was 20% lower (22,629 ng · h/ml) than in patients with normal renal function. PK modeling and simulation (M&S) indicated that doses of 200 mg or 400 mg alternating daily for patients with moderate renal impairment and 200 mg daily for patients with severe renal impairment were the most appropriate dose regimens in these patients.
Relevance of Personal Interaction Factors between Customers and Sales Representatives in the Automotive Business

The purpose of this paper is to determine the personal factors in sales that are most relevant to achieving sales success. The research will a) enable scholars to obtain a better understanding of the personal sales process, and b) enable marketers to develop more efficient personal sales approaches. The study utilized an observational design approach. Personal selling scenarios were filmed and shown to respondents who completed a sales effectiveness survey. Video content was also coded for statistical analysis. The resulting data was analysed via a multiple-regression model. A conceptual personal sales model was developed. The model suggests that salesperson authenticity impacts sales success. Authenticity is shown to be a function of a given salesperson’s affective, behavioural, and cognitive profile. The study focused on automotive retail sales scenarios in the United States. However, results may be generalizeable to similar markets. The study utilized a novel conceptual model and methodological approach. Practical guidelines and a scholarly research foundation are provided, research gaps are identified, and proposals for future research are suggested.
The role of strategic purchasing in dynamic capability development and deployment: A contingency perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on research into the impact of two sequential dimensions of strategic purchasing – purchasing recognition and purchasing involvement – on the development and deployment of dynamic capabilities. The authors also examine how such dynamic capabilities impact on both cost and innovation performance, and how their effects differ for service as opposed to manufacturing firms. Design/methodology/approach The authors test hypotheses using structural equation modeling of survey data from 309 manufacturing and service firms. Findings From a dynamic capability perspective, the analysis supports the positive relationships between purchasing recognition, purchasing involvement, and dynamic capability in the form of knowledge scanning. The authors also find support for the positive impact of knowledge scanning on both cost and innovation performance. From a contingency perspective, data supports hypothesized differences caused by industry, whereby service-based firms experience stronger positive linkages in our model than manufacturing-based firms. Finally, emerging from the data, the authors explore a re-enforcing effect from cost performance to purchasing involvement, something that is in line with the dynamic capabilities perspective but not typically addressed in operations management (OM) research. Originality/value The research offers a number of theoretical and managerial contributions, including being one of a relative few examples of empirical assessment of dynamic capability development and deployment; examining the enablers of dynamic capability in addition to the more commonly addressed performance effect; assessing the contingency effect of firm type for dynamic capabilities; and uncovering a return (re-enforcing) effect between performance and enablers of dynamic capabilities.
Prevalence, Self-Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Lhasa, Tibet

To investigate the prevalence, self-awareness, and treatment of hypertension in Lhasa, Tibet, a total of 1370 native Tibetan aged ≥18 years were selected, using stratified proportional sampling. The study showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 51.2%, significantly higher in men (56.0%) than in women (48.0%) (P = .004). The hypertension prevalence increased with increasing age (77.8% in 60–74 y and 82.5% in ≥75 y groups) and was higher in urban, suburban, or agricultural area than in pastoral area (P < .001). The self-awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension were 63.5%, 24.3% and 7.7%, respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, age, urban residence, amount of daily intake of fat and oil, and body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 were independently associated with hypertension. In conclusion, hypertension was highly prevalent among native Tibetan people in Lhasa, and the rates of self-awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were low.
DNA Damage Responses at Low Radiation Doses

Abstract Short, S. C. , Bourne, S. , Martindale, C. , Woodcock, M. and Jackson, S. P. DNA Damage Responses at Low Radiation Doses. Radiat. Res. 164, 292–302 (2005). Increased cell killing after exposure to low acute doses of X rays (0–0.5 Gy) has been demonstrated in cells of a number of human tumor cell lines. The mechanisms underlying this effect have been assumed to be related to a threshold dose above which DNA repair efficiency or fidelity increases. We have used cells of two radioresistant human tumor cell lines, one that shows increased sensitivity to low radiation doses (T98G) and one that does not (U373), to investigate the DNA damage response at low doses in detail and to establish whether there is a discontinuous dose response or threshold in activation of any important mediators of this response. In the two cell lines studied, we found a sensitive, linear dose response in early signaling and transduction pathways between doses of 0.1 and 2 Gy with no evidence of a threshold dose. We demonstrate that ATM-dependent signaling events to downstream targets including TP53, CHK1 and CHK2 occur after doses as low as 0.2 Gy and that these events promote an effective damage response. Using chemical inhibition of specific DNA repair enzymes, we show that inhibition of DNA-PK-dependent end joining has relatively little effect at low (<1 Gy) doses in hyper-radiosensitive cells and that at these doses the influence of RAD51-mediated repair events may increase, based on high levels of RAD51/BRCA2 repair foci. These data do not support a threshold model for activation of DNA repair in hyper-radiosensitive cells but do suggest that the balance of repair enzyme activity may change at low doses.