Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Implementation Of Constituen-cy Development Fund Projects In Public Secondary Schools In Kiminini Constituency, Trans-Nzoia County

The ultimate goal of cdf is development. In Kiminini constituency, some education projects have not been implemented successfully. This in itself undermines development in the constituency. This study aimed at determining how specific factors do influence implementation of constituency development funded projects in public secondary schools in Kiminini to accomplish this aim the study focused on three objectives: to establish factors that led to successful implementation of cdf projects in Public Secondary schools within Kiminini constituency; to determine factors that led to unsuccessful implementation of some cdf projects in public secondary schools within Kiminini constituency contrary to plan and finally to determine how identified factors influence project implementation. The study used descriptive survey research design sample sizes of 324 people were from intended beneficiaries of the project and stakeholders. The target populations were drawn from Nabiswa, Kiungani, Kiminini locations and cdf office in Kiminini. Purposeful sampling was used to identify 109 schools with projects funded by CDF out of which the researcher then used random sampling to identify 45 schools with projects funded by CDF using SSP. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaire, interview schedule and observation. The data was then analyzed by use of stastical package for social scientists to yield mean, variance and percentages. The results obtained have been presented in the form of tables. The findings were as follows: The existence of adequate funds facilitated the successful of projects, however a number of factors contributed to projects not being implemented as planned such as lack of community participation in selecting the projects; mismanagement of funds; ineffective M&E Mechanism, lack of political goodwill and finally inability to prioritize the school projects in terms of needs. based on the foregoing findings several conclusion were arrived at, proper management of funds enhances successful implementation of projects, project identification, effective M&E, Community participation in selecting of projects, political good will, priotizing projects in terms of school need have a significance influence on implementation of cdf funded projects in public secondary schools and this factors do complement each other in determining the success or failure of a project. The recommendations are that the government should establish a legal and regulatory framework to govern the operations of cdf funded projects at constituency level, thus promoting accountability and transparency in the management of the said projects.CDF committee members should comprise of the technical team well vast with project management skills with them cases of aborted projects will be minimal.
The Effects of Preoperative Recreational Activities on Children's Anxiety Level during the Perioperative Period

Background: Addressing and preventing anxiety preoperatively is crucial in understanding the consequences of preoperative anxiety and preventing unwanted outcomes after surgery. Purpose: This study examined the effects of preoperative recreational activities on the level of anxiety in 2–7 yearold children during the perioperative period. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was used. A convenience sample of 60 children between 2 and 7 years of age who were scheduled for day surgery was recruited. Thirty children were randomly assigned to the intervention group, and thirty to the control group. Participants in the intervention group received a developmentally appropriate toy to play with preoperatively. Participants in the control group received the preoperative standard care. Anxiety was measured using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (modified YPAS) three times. Results: Children in the intervention group exhibiteda lower level of anxiety 15 minutes after the intervention (i.e., time 2) than those in the control group (mean= 41.26±10.58 vs. 62.59±14.29; p = .000). A paired t-test revealed a statistically significant increase in the level of anxiety in the control group between baseline (T1) and 15 minutes after usual care (T2) (t= 5.44; p =0.00). Playing with a developmentally appropriate toy is an effective non-pharmacological method to reduce anxiety levels among 2–7 year-old children during the perioperative period in day surgery. Implication: Study findings increase an awareness of introducing age-appropriate play as an essential component in preparing children for surgery to diminish the anxiety they experience. Callouts: 1. Reducing perioperative child anxiety 2. Non-pharmacological anxiolytic strategies in preparing children for day surgery. 3. Using developmentally appropriate toys during the preoperative period. 4. Holistic and quality nursing care in preparing children for surgery 5. Introducing age-appropriate play as an essential component of to diminish the perioperative children’s anxiety Keywords—Preoperative; Anxiety; Recreational activities; Play; Children.
EFFECTS OF 10 WEEKS ENDURANCE EXERCISE ON TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN ADULT OBESE MEN

Stress oxidative is recognized to be associated with metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases. To determine whether endurance exercise affects total antioxidant capacity in obesity. Twenty two inactive obese men were recruited through an advertisement in a local newspaper in this study and assigned to exercise (n=12) or control (n=12) groups matched for age (35-48 years) and body mass index (30-36 kg/m2). Anthropometrical markers and total antioxidant capacity were measured before and after 10 weeks endurance exercise for 3 times per weeks in exercise groups and control subjects (no training). Pre and post training variables were compared by statistical methods. Despite the signigcant decrease in body fat percentage and other anthropometrical markers (p < 0.01), Total antioxidant capacity was unchanged after 10 weeks of exercise intervention (p = 0.623). The unchanged total antioxidant capacity in our study may be rooted in lack of control diet during training program.
Effect of nozzle hole size coupling with exhaust gas re-circulation on the engine emission perfomance based on KH-ACT spray model

To research an effective measure of reducing the Soot and NOx in engine at the same time, different nozzle hole diameters coupled with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were adopted in this study based on KH-ACT spray breakup model, which takes the aerodynamic-induced ,cavitation-induced and turbulence-induced breakup into account. The SAGE detailed chemistry combustion and the new atomization model used in the simulation have been verified with the experiment data from a YN4100QBZL engine. Different diesel nozzles was adopted in the study combined with different EGR rates ranging from 0% to 40%. The simulation results show that the NOx emission could be reduced effectively for both small(0.1mm) and large(0.15mm) diesel nozzle when increasing EGR ratio. The soot emission increases for the small nozzle hole size as the EGR increasing. However, when it comes to the large diesel nozzle, the emission increases slightly first and decrease quickly when the EGR rate above 20%.
Dietary fiber inclusion as an alternative to Feed Fasting to induce molting in Commercial Layers

The objective of the present experiment was to compare the performance, egg quality and organ morphometrics of commercial layers submitted to alternative forced molting methods using dietary fibers. The experimental period included the phases of molting, rest, and second laying cycle (six periods of 28 days each). In the trial, 320 commercial Isa Brown layers with 72 weeks of age were distributed, according to a completely randomized experimental design into five treatments with eight replicates of eight birds each, totaling 40 experimental units. Molting was induced by feeding diets with the inclusion of alfalfa or soybean husks at 80% and 60% or feed fasting. Treatments were applied for 14 days. Performance and egg quality parameters were evaluated for the second laying cycle and organ morphometrics (liver, gizzard, proventriculus, reproductive apparatus) in two different slaughter dates. The obtained data were submitted to analysis of variance using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS statistical package (SAS Institute, 2002). Alternative molting methods promoted similar performance and egg quality results after molting were similar to those obtained by the conventional fasting method. Feeding fiber produced the expected effects in terms of organ weight regression and recovery and may be used to induce molting in commercial layers.
Security Analysis, Agency Costs, and Company Characteristics

We appraise the monitoring activity of security analysis from the perspective of the manager–shareholder conflict. Using a data set of more than 7,000 company-year observations for manufacturing companies tracked by security analysts over the 1988–94 period, we found that security analysis acts as a monitor to reduce the agency costs associated with the separation of ownership and control. We also found, however, that security analysts are more effective in reducing managerial non-value-maximizing behavior for single-segment than for multisegment companies. In addition, the shareholder gains from the monitoring activity of security analysis are larger for single-segment than for multisegment companies. In spite of the general belief that the activities of security analysts affect firm value, little is known about whether analysts act as a monitoring mechanism in reducing the agency costs of manager–shareholder conflict. If security analysis exerts positive influence on firm value by restricting managers' non-value-maximizing activities, it should decrease agency costs. Thus, we carried out a direct testing of the relationship between security analysis and agency costs. Little is known also about whether the effectiveness of security analyst monitoring is related to the structure (diversification) of the company. This issue is important because recent studies have documented that diversified companies destroy shareholder value. Although a diversification discount is generally accepted, the mechanism through which diversification destroys firm value is not understood. Possible causes are that diversification encourages overinvestment, that it invites agency costs, and that diversified companies suffer from internal-capital-market inefficiencies associated with the misallocation of resources. We studied whether security analysis as an external monitor of managerial conduct, in the sense of reducing agency costs arising from informational asymmetries, works as well, less well, or better for nondiversified companies than for diversified companies. We examined the monitoring effectiveness of security analysts with a data set of 7,485 manufacturing company-year observations over the 1988–94 period. Based on the number of analysts following a company for forecasting horizons of (fiscal) one quarter, one year, and two years, our results consistently show that security analysis reduces agency costs (i.e., managers' non-value-maximizing behavior) while it increases firm value. We also found that the effectiveness of analysts' monitoring activity declines with industrial diversification, despite the fact that the number of analysts following diversified companies is substantially greater than the number following nondiversified companies. In addition, we show that the shareholder gains from the monitoring activity of security analysis are larger for nondiversified than for diversified companies.
Worse Outcomes among African Americans with Liver Cancer: What Might Cause the Disparity?

Liver cancer remains an important cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common histological cell type of liver cancer, has increased over the past 30 years. The statistics are particularly worrisome for African Americans. Their incidence of HCC far surpasses that of other races, particularly whites. Additionally, mortality for African Americans with HCC is also far worse. In a review of the literature, we found a stepwise progression of variables that may contribute to this observation. African Americans have the highest observed rates of infection with chronic hepatitis and are offered treatment less often for hepatitis C virus. The progression to cirrhosis is slower, which may complicate HCC surveillance. Regardless, they receive surveillance either biochemical or radiographic at a lower rate than patients of other races. Further, African Americans present at a more advanced stage and are referred for curative therapy less often. When African Americans do receive therapy, their outcomes are worse. Additional investigation is warranted as to whether differences in tumor biology may also play a role.
High Sensitive C-reactive Protein for Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk Level in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Sulaimania-Iraq

Background and objective: Metabolic syndrome is a group of characteristics, which include obesity, high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar levels, and high triglycerides (fat-like substances in the blood). Having a combination of these characteristics increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease. People with central obesity have an increased risk for developing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. However, a substantial number of obese individuals have no other cardiovascular risk factors, besides their obesity. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein produced predominantly by hepatocytes under the influence of cytokines such as IL -6 and TNF-α. Determination of hs-CRP was carried out in this study to discriminate between centrally obese people with and without metabolic syndrome. Patients and Methods: One hundred and forty subject with central obesity aged 20-70 years underwent a physical examination and laboratory assays to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome (NCEP ATP III criteria). The subjects were categorized into metabolic syndrome and non -metabolic syndrome group to decide whether CRP has an impact on the development of metabolic syndrome, and further subdivision have made to sub classify them to five sub-groups according to the existence of components of metabolic syndrome. Results: Mean hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in individuals with central obesity with metabolic syndrome (n = 101; 72.1%) compared to individuals with central obesity without metabolic syndrome (3.64 mg/L versus 1.75 mg/L (IQR 1.25-2.24); p < 0.0001). Mean hs-CRP levels increased with increasing number of metabolic syndrome components present. In univariable linear regression analyses, hs-CRP was significantly correlated positively with body mass index, waist circumference, and atherogenic index, while a significant negative correlations was found with HDL-C level. All the obese participants were at risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusions: The degree of central obesity (waist circumference) and BMI seemed to be the main determinant of an increased hs-CRP level. Serum hs-CRP was significantly correlated with the presence of metabolic syndrome; strong relationship between serum hs-CRP and various features of metabolic syndrome. The addition of serum hs-CRP to the present definition of the metabolic syndrome may help to identify patients at high risk for future cardiovascular disease. Keywords: Abdominal obesity, Metabolic syndrome, High sensitive C-reactive protein.
Attachment in the student-teacher relationship as a factor of school achievement

The purpose of this study was to find out how are the quality of student-teacher interaction and teachers' practices related with school achievement during the primary education. A sample of 366 students attending 4th and 7th grades from Belgrade primary schools participated in the study. We developed a questionnaire measuring seven dimensions of student-teacher attachment (Proximity seeking, Separation protest, Particularity, Safe haven, Secure base, Open communication, and Closeness), and six dimensions of teacher practices (Strict, Leadership, Instructional support, Helping/friendly, Conflict, and Dissatisfaction). The parallel versions of questionnaire, for class teacher in 4th grade, and Math teacher in 7th grade were developed. Based on exploratory factor analysis these dimensions were reduced on fewer number of factors. As educational outcomes, we measured students attitude towards school and learning and school marks. Factors Attachment to teacher, Instructional support, Positive emotional relationship with students, students' Positive attitudes towards school and learning and school marks were taken for structural equation modeling, for each grade separately. Results show that Attachment to teacher affects students Attitudes towards school and learning in both grades and school marks just in 4th grade. In 4th grade, quality of Instructional support and teachers' Positive relationship with students have effect on students' Attachment and directly, on school marks and students' Attitudes towards school and learning, respectively. In 7th grade, quality of teachers' Instructional support has effect on Math marks, while teachers' Positive emotional relation with students affects students' Attachment and Math marks. Results are discussed in the light of the attachment to teacher and the quality of student-teacher socio-emotional interaction as factors that foster teaching and learning.
The Effect of Interest and Engagement in Learning Science on Adults’ Scientific Competency and Environmental Action

Although existing research has documented the significant relationship among student interest, engagement, and learning outcome, limited studies have investigated how adults’ interest and engagement in learning science are related to their scientific competency and environmental action. This study used 2012 and 2015 national datasets which were collected from face-to-face interviews representing how the interest and engagement of Taiwan citizens in understanding and exposure to science in society synergistically interact with their scientific competency and environmental action. Results showed that engagement in learning is more predictive to scientific competency and environmental action than interest. In addition, engagement in visiting science museums appears to be a superior venue for promoting adults’ environmental action than watching science related TV programs. These findings reveal an effective strategy of promoting adult environmental action through science communication and the importance of deep science learning.
Effects of methylphenidate on the mice Adrenal glands and lymphoid organs: Results of histochemical, histometrical and histopathological investigations

BACKGROUND: Considering widely administration of methylphenidate and also its immunosuppressive effects on different organs, importance of related microscopic studies is obvious. OBJECTIVES: Determining histological effects of methylphenidate on adrenal glands and lymphatic organs in mice. METHODS: A total number of 30 adult male Balb/C mice were provided, weighed and divided into one control and two experimental groups. The control group received water by gavages once a day, for 40 days. The experimental groups were orally administered MPH hydrochloride (2mg/kg and 10mg/kg body weight,) respectively. Animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis of blood cells. Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and adrenal glands were removed and processed for microscopic studies through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Spleen samples were processed for plasma cell count and staining (label antibody CD138*). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and p
On the Proper Treatment of Tense

This paper is mainly concerned with tense in embedded constructions. I believe that recent research – notably the work by Ogihara (1989) and Abusch (1993) – has contributed much to our better understanding of its semantics. The proposals made by the two authors are, however, still too simplistic in some regards. Among other things, they neglect the interplay of tense with temporal adverbs of quantification and with frame-setters. To get this composition right is a touchstone for every theory of tense and tense semanticists have been concerned with this problem from the beginning on, as witnessed by the analyses in Kratzer (1978), Bauerle (1979), Dowty (1979/1982), to mention a few. The claim I want to stress in this article is that in complements of attitudes, we can never have a "referential" tense, i.e., an absolute or anaphorical tense. Every tense occurring there will turn out to be a bound tense. I think this claim is implicit in Ogihara's (1989) analysis, and it is made explicit in Abusch's (1993) approach. The composition of bound tense with the two kinds of adverbs mentioned will require rather elaborate techniques and I am not sure whether I have been entirely successful, but I hope that the solution is basically correct.
A survey of cultural competence of critical care nurses in KwaZulu-Natal

Background. Nurses are primary caregivers and have a key role in providing care in a culturally diverse healthcare system, such as in South Africa (SA). Nurses need cultural competence in the management of patients within this cultural context. A healthcare system staffed by a culturally competent workforce can provide high-quality care to diverse population groups, contributing to the elimination of health disparities. Objective. To describe the self-rated levels of cultural competence of nurses working in critical care settings in a selected public hospital in SA. Methods. A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted with nurses from eight critical care units in a selected public hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, using the Inventory to Access the Process of Cultural Competency - Revised (IAPCC-R) cultural competence questionnaire. Results. The overall cultural competence score for the respondents was 70.2 (standard deviation 7.2) out of a possible 100, with 77 (74%) of the respondents scoring in the awareness range, 26 (25%) in the competent range, and only 1 in the proficient range. Nurses from non-English-speaking backgrounds scored significantly higher in cultural competence than English-speaking nurses. Conclusion. In addressing the many faces of cultural diversity, healthcare professionals must realise that these faces share a common vision: to obtain quality healthcare services that are culturally responsive and culturally relevant to the specific cultural group.