Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title : Hearing on the fly : the effects of wing position on noctuid moth hearing 1 Running title : Effect of wing position on moth hearing 2

15 The ear of the noctuid moth has only two auditory neurons, A1 and A2, which function in detecting 16 predatory bats. However, the noctuid’s ears are located on the thorax behind the wings. Therefore, 17 since these moths need to hear during flight, it was hypothesized that wing position may affect their 18 hearing. The wing was fixed in three different positions: up, flat, and down. An additional subset of 19 animals was measured with freely moving wings. In order to negate any possible acoustic 20 shadowing or diffractive effects, all wings were snipped, leaving the proximal most portion and the 21 wing hinge intact. Results revealed that wing position plays a factor in threshold sensitivity of the 22 less sensitive auditory neuron A2, but not in the more sensitive neuron A1. Furthermore, when the 23 wing was set in the down position, fewer A1 action potentials were generated prior to the initiation 24 of A2 activity. Analyzing the motion of the tympanal membrane did not reveal differences in 25 movement due to wing position. Therefore, these neural differences due to wing position are 26 proposed to be due to other factors within the animal such as different muscle tensions. 27 Introduction 28 Hearing is a fundamental tool used by animals to identify danger in their surroundings. Insects 29 are no exception, having evolved tympanal hearing 19 independent times (Hoy et al., 1989; Strauβ 30 Stumpner, 2015; Yager, 2012) as well as other forms of particle displacement hearing, e.g., antennae 31 (Gopfert and Hennig, 2016). However, what makes insects unique is that the location of their ears is 32 not always on the outermost appendage (e.g. the head), to capture incoming sound. Furthermore, 33 the range of tympanal hearing mechanisms varies greatly within insects, from a lever system with up 34 to 2000 auditory receptor neurons in cicadas (Sueur et al., 2006), to a frequency-dependent 35 traveling wave triggering just 70 neurons in locusts (Windmill et al., 2005), and only two auditory 36 receptors in noctuid moths (Agee, 1967). Complicating this even further, the position of the ears on 37 the animal’s body, such as under movable parts like the wings, could mechanically impede the 38 animal’s hearing. Additionally, insect body position and slow movement from respiration and 39 walking have been shown to affect hearing sensitivity (Meyer and Elsner, 1995; Zorovic & Hedwig, 4
Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVETraumatic brain injury (TBI)-the "silent epidemic"-contributes to worldwide death and disability more than any other traumatic insult. Yet, TBI incidence and distribution across regions and socioeconomic divides remain unknown. In an effort to promote advocacy, understanding, and targeted intervention, the authors sought to quantify the case burden of TBI across World Health Organization (WHO) regions and World Bank (WB) income groups.METHODSOpen-source epidemiological data on road traffic injuries (RTIs) were used to model the incidence of TBI using literature-derived ratios. First, a systematic review on the proportion of RTIs resulting in TBI was conducted, and a meta-analysis of study-derived proportions was performed. Next, a separate systematic review identified primary source studies describing mechanisms of injury contributing to TBI, and an additional meta-analysis yielded a proportion of TBI that is secondary to the mechanism of RTI. Then, the incidence of RTI as published by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 was applied to these two ratios to generate the incidence and estimated case volume of TBI for each WHO region and WB income group.RESULTSRelevant articles and registries were identified via systematic review; study quality was higher in the high-income countries (HICs) than in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Sixty-nine million (95% CI 64-74 million) individuals worldwide are estimated to sustain a TBI each year. The proportion of TBIs resulting from road traffic collisions was greatest in Africa and Southeast Asia (both 56%) and lowest in North America (25%). The incidence of RTI was similar in Southeast Asia (1.5% of the population per year) and Europe (1.2%). The overall incidence of TBI per 100,000 people was greatest in North America (1299 cases, 95% CI 650-1947) and Europe (1012 cases, 95% CI 911-1113) and least in Africa (801 cases, 95% CI 732-871) and the Eastern Mediterranean (897 cases, 95% CI 771-1023). The LMICs experience nearly 3 times more cases of TBI proportionally than HICs.CONCLUSIONSSixty-nine million (95% CI 64-74 million) individuals are estimated to suffer TBI from all causes each year, with the Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions experiencing the greatest overall burden of disease. Head injury following road traffic collision is more common in LMICs, and the proportion of TBIs secondary to road traffic collision is likewise greatest in these countries. Meanwhile, the estimated incidence of TBI is highest in regions with higher-quality data, specifically in North America and Europe.
Matrix factorization on semantic trajectories for predicting future semantic locations

With over 1 billion vehicles in operation over the world1 and steadily growing cities, intelligent traffic management has become inevitable in order to preserve quality of life as we know it. Analyzing and predicting the movement behavior of traffic participants helps providing forward-looking solutions and plays a major role in intelligent traffic systems (ITS), in the field of location and handoff management, and in location aware systems in general. In this paper, we introduce a novel semantic location prediction approach that provides user-specific predictions based on their past semantic trajectories. For this purpose, we adopt and adapt an item recommendation method called FPMC. FPMC relies on a combination of Matrix Factorization and Markov Chains. We evaluate our algorithm against the user-independent standard Matrix Factorization (MF) and the Factorized Markov Chains (FMC) and show that our approach clearly surpasses the performance of the former mentioned methods.
Social enterprise sustainability revisited: an international perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine social enterprise sustainability by comparing recent international research with prior findings seeking to identify the important factors that facilitate social enterprise development. Design/methodology/approach The research used a concurrent, convergent mixed methods approach on a sample of 93 social enterprise leaders using surveys and face-to-face interviews. The participants were sourced from a cross-section of social enterprise organisational types from urban and regional locations in Australia and Scotland. Findings The findings support prior research, identifying resourcing, organisational capabilities, collaborative networks and legitimacy as influential in the success of social enterprises. However, the research contributes new knowledge by revealing an overarching growth orientation as the dominant factor in the strategic management for sustainability of these ventures. This growth orientation is generally associated with the intent to achieve profitability. Thus, social enterprise managers view a commercially focused growth orientation as an overarching strategic factor that underpins organisational sustainability. Originality/value The paper delivers new insights into the strategic orientation of social ventures of benefit to policy makers and practitioners alike. The findings are significant for policy makers providing perspectives into how governmental assistance can be targeted to develop sustainable social enterprises, particularly the need to support the growth of these ventures. Similarly, practitioners are alerted to the strategic imperatives of incorporating a commercially focused growth orientation and the latent potential that exists in the networks of social enterprise.
Creating Interactive Student Workbook for Primary Education Social Studies Class and Researching Its Efficiency

Student workbook is an education material including components that support learning, help ensuring knowledge and ability to students in line with the acquisitions stated in teaching programs. Students have different learning styles and necessities. Their needs should be satisfied by benefiting from some additional materials in order to make their learning permanent. The chance to find an environment proper for individual learning necessities increases in parallel with the abundance of materials used in education. As known, there is only one way communication in printed materials and they are limited in terms of addressing different learning styles. Using technological products such as computer and internet in learning environments can remove these limits. Turning student workbook into electronic documents extends the limits of written books and eases learning by addressing more than one sense. In this study, preparing Social Studies workbook of 4 th grade primary school interactively, the process of practicing it and its effects on students’ academic success, student attitudes towards the lesson, computer and internet are researched. The software used in this study is multimedia supported and web based. Software is prepared by exemplifying “Power, Management and Society” learning domain. Pre test last test non-equalized control group model, which is one of the semi trial models, is used. At the end of the study, it is determined that there are significant differences in terms of pretest and last test of experiment group and control group students’ attitude scale towards computer, attitude scale towards social studies and success test. There isn’t a meaningful difference in attitude scale towards internet. Keywords: Social Studies, web based teaching, workbook.
The role of matrix metalloproteinases in retinal pigment epithelial cell-induced gel contraction and collapse

Purpose: To determine the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, -2, and -9 in directing the behavior of human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells during contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels. Materials and Methods: The effect of HRPE cells on collagen gel invasion and contraction were quantified by using phase contrast microscopy. Immunohistochemistry of the gel using monoclonal antibodies against MMP-1, -2, and -9 was performed. The effects of MMP inhibitor, Batimastat (BB-94) on cultured HRPE cells, and gel contraction were observed. Results: HRPE cells mostly proliferated as sheets of cells on the surface of the collagen gel and only minimally invaded the gel. However, some HRPE cells were seen to invade the gel as single cells detaching from the surface sheets. Surface-located sheets of cells exerted a dose-dependent contraction on the gel and generally failed to express MMPs. Single cells invading the gel expressed MMP-2 and -9. No expression of MMP-1 was observed by HRPE cells. BB-94, at a dose of 500 nM and 5 μM, reduced the amount of gel contraction. Conclusions: These data indicate that MMPs are selectively involved in HRPE invasion and collagen gel contraction. Both these processes may be implicated in the pathogenesis of similar conditions in vivo in which contraction of collagen gel is a feature, for example, proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Publications 2005-06-01 A Scenario-Based Performance Evaluation of Multicast Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks

Current ad hoc multicast routing protocols have been designed to build and maintain a tree or mesh in the face of a mobile environment, with fast reaction to network changes in order to minimize packet loss. However, the performance of these protocols has not been adequately examined under realistic scenarios. Existing performance studies generally use a single, simple mobility model, with low density and often very low traffic rates. In this paper we explore the performance of ad hoc multicast routing protocols under scenarios that include realistic mobility patterns, high density and high traffic load. We use these scenarios to identify cases where existing protocols can improve their performance. Based on our observations, we make a series of recommendations for designers of multicast protocols.
Aggressive And slowly-Progressive Periodontitis in PAtients with CoronAry Artery diseAses . levels of C-reACtive Protein , fibrinogen , And il-6

Materials and Methods: 27 CAD patients and 33 ageand sex-matched controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Diagnosis of CAD was done by clinical examination, case history, ECG, echocardiography, and significant changes in serial cardiac specific enzymes. Comprehensive periodontal examination in the form of periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and a panoramic x-ray were done to every patient. Serum levels of highly sensitive CRP (hs-CRP), IL-6, fibrinogen, total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, and triglycerides (TG) were analyzed for each subject.
A Differential Complementary Colpitts Oscillator based on Common Drain Topology

In this paper we present a new topology complementary differential Colpitts oscillator. The circuit is realized by stacking one PMOS common drain Colpitts oscillator on top on a NMOS common drain Colpitts oscillators. Measurements of a prototype implemented with discrete components have been used to verify the correct operation of the system. The Oscillator was realized using the integrated circuits ALD1105 connected to a 100μH and a Crystal with a resonance frequency of 4,915MHz. The oscillator connected to the crystal showed a phase noise of -95 dBc/Hz at 100KHz offset.
Family Climate and Job Performance: The Role of Family-to-Work Enrichment

This study reviews empirical studies on family-to-work enrichment since the year of 2006, when the theory of work-family enrichment was first proposed. In this article we propose a model and offer a series of research propositions that identify the relationships among family climate, family-to-work enrichment and two dimensions of job performance: task performance and organizational citizenship behavior.
Disrupted functional connectivity of cerebellar default network areas in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly understood as a disorder of spontaneous brain‐network interactions. The default mode network (DMN), implicated in ADHD‐linked behaviors including mind‐wandering and attentional fluctuations, has been shown to exhibit abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity (FC) within‐network and with other networks (salience, dorsal attention and frontoparietal) in ADHD. Although the cerebellum has been implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD, it remains unknown whether cerebellar areas of the DMN (CerDMN) exhibit altered FC with cortical networks in ADHD. Here, 23 adults with ADHD and 23 age‐, IQ‐, and sex‐matched controls underwent resting state fMRI. The mean time series of CerDMN areas was extracted, and FC with the whole brain was calculated. Whole‐brain between‐group differences in FC were assessed. Additionally, relationships between inattention and individual differences in FC were assessed for between‐group interactions. In ADHD, CerDMN areas showed positive FC (in contrast to average FC in the negative direction in controls) with widespread regions of salience, dorsal attention and sensorimotor networks. ADHD individuals also exhibited higher FC (more positive correlation) of CerDMN areas with frontoparietal and visual network regions. Within the control group, but not in ADHD, participants with higher inattention had higher FC between CerDMN and regions in the visual and dorsal attention networks. This work provides novel evidence of impaired CerDMN coupling with cortical networks in ADHD and highlights a role of cerebro‐cerebellar interactions in cognitive function. These data provide support for the potential targeting of CerDMN areas for therapeutic interventions in ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3373–3386, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The afimbrial adhesive sheath encoded by the afa‐3 gene cluster of pathogenic Escherichia coli is composed of two adhesins

The afa‐3 gene cluster determines the formation of an afimbrial adhesive sheath that is expressed by uropathogenic as well as diarrhoea‐associated Escherichia coli strains. It contains six genes (afaA–afaF ), among which the afaE3 gene is known to code for the structural AfaE‐III adhesin (previously designated AFA‐III), whereas no role has yet been identified for the afaD gene product. The afa‐3 gene cluster is closely related to the daa operon that codes for an adhesin, the F1845 adhesin, which is highly related to the AfaE‐III adhesin; however, unlike the AfaE‐III adhesin, F1845 is a fimbrial adhesin. Reported in this work is the construction of chimeras between the afa‐3 and daa operons. Analyses of the phenotypes conferred by these afa‐3/daa chimeric clusters allowed us to conclude that the biogenesis of a fimbrial or an afimbrial adhesin is fully determined by the amino acid sequence of the AfaE‐III and F1845 adhesins. Moreover, the role of the AfaD product in the biosynthesis of the afimbrial sheath was assessed by immunogold and immunofluorescence experiments. The AfaD and the AfaE‐III products were purified and used to raise rabbit and mouse antisera. Similar to AfaE‐III, AfaD was found to be a surface‐exposed protein as well as an adhesin; both AfaD and AfaE‐III are concomittantly expressed by the bacterial cell. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that the afimbrial adhesive sheath expressed by pathogenic E. coli is composed of two adhesins.
After the Aznalcóllar mine spill : Arsenic , zinc , selenium , lead and copper levels in the livers and bones of five waterfowl species

In April 1998, a holding lagoon containing pyrite ore processing waste, failed and released 5–6 millionm of highly polluting sludge and acidic water. Over 2650 ha of the internationally important Doñana Natural Park became contaminated, along with o100 ha of the more pristine Doñana National Park. In order to assess the affect of the spill on waterfowl from Doñana, bone and liver samples from 124 individuals have been analysed for As, Pb, Cu, Zn and Se. Five species have been studied, from the Rallidae (rails), Anatini (dabbling ducks) and Aythyini (pochards) families. Geometric mean bone concentrations 2–3 months after the spill were in the order of Zn4Cu4Pb4Se4As, while liver concentrations were in the order of Zn4Cu4Se4Pb4As. Dry weight bone concentrations ranged from n.d-1.76mgkg 1 As, 109.4–247.6mg kg 1 Zn, 0.06–1.27mg kg 1 Se, n.d-134.11mg kg 1 Pb, and 2.18–8.92mg kg 1 Cu. Wet weight liver concentrations ranged from n.d-0.34mgkg 1 As, 29.8–220.1mgkg 1 Zn, 0.15–0.85mgkg 1 Se, n.d-3.80mg kg 1 Pb, and 7.30–742.96mgkg 1 Cu. The most important factor related to the accumulation of these metals was commonly species; however, location and sex also had important effects on liver As levels, location and age affected Cu levels, while Zn and Pb were affected by age, sex and location. Birds from Natural Park areas were found to have significantly higher levels of bone Zn, Pb and Cu, and liver As and Cu than birds from National Park areas. Female birds had higher liver As, Zn and Pb than males; whilst adults appeared to have lower bone As and Zn but higher liver Pb than chicks/juveniles. Although metal concentrations were elevated in certain individuals, in the majority of birds studied, they did not reach levels widely considered to be toxic. However, it would appear that As and Cu liver levels (which may be indicative of short-medium term pollutant exposure) were elevated in waterbirds which died in the spill contaminated Natural Park, 2–3 months after the disaster. r 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Hepatitis C therapy before and after liver transplantation

1 Pretransplant therapy, using a low‐accelerating‐dose regimen, is an option for patients with mildly decompensated liver disease and low laboratory Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores. Achievement of an on‐treatment virologic response is the goal of therapy. Preliminary data suggest that up to two‐thirds of patients who become hepatitis C virus RNA–negative on treatment will be hepatitis C virus infection–free post‐transplantation. 2 Effective prophylactic therapies are not available. Hepatitis C antibody therapy has been ineffective in preventing hepatitis C virus infection in studies to date. 3 Preemptive antiviral therapy started within weeks of transplantation is limited by tolerability, particularly in patients with high Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores pre‐transplantation. Rates of sustained virologic response vary from 8% to 39%. Histological benefits in virologic nonresponders have been demonstrated. 4 Posttransplant antiviral therapy in those with evidence of recurrent disease is the mainstay of management. A combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin is the treatment of choice, and sustained virologic response is achieved with 48 weeks of treatment in approximately 30% of treated patients. Attainment of early loss of hepatitis C virus RNA is highly predictive of sustained virologic response. Histologic improvements are seen in responders. Survival is prolonged among those achieving a sustained virologic response. 5 Posttransplant antiviral therapy is limited by poor tolerability and the frequent need for dose reductions and/or discontinuation. Immunologic complications, including acute rejection, chronic rejection, and autoimmune‐like hepatitis, occur in association with therapy, albeit at low rates. 6 Hepatitis C virus–infected liver transplant recipients represent an important patient population in need of new therapeutics options to prevent patient and graft losses due to recurrent hepatitis C virus disease.
Decompression with fusion in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis : a meta-analysis

The present study investigated whether spinal fusion with decompression has a better effect than decompression alone in the treatment of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). The surgical methods of degenerative LSS include spinal decompression with or without spinal fusion. The treatment of spinal stenosis by surgery has increased rapidly in the past two decades; however, its efficacy is yet controversial. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies published up to October 31, 2016. The meta-analysis was performed using random or fixed effects model. A total of 29 studies were identified with data assimilated from 27380 patients. The pooled results showed that decompression plus fusion was similar to the decompression on dural tear rate [risk ratios (RR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-1.55], clinical outcome (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85-1.01), reoperation rate (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.87-1.02), wound infection rate (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.29-1.07), Oswestry disability index [weighted mean differences (WMD) = -2.22, 95% CI: -2.841.59], and European quality of life-5 dimensions score (WMD = -0.00, 95% CI: -0.02-0.02); the former was inferior to the latter in terms of surgery duration (WMD = -95.63, 95% CI: -128.75-62.51), blood loss (WMD = -413.02, 95% CI: -562.80-263.23), and hospital stay (WMD = -2.22, 95% CI: -2.84-1.59). Thus, decompression with fusion was found to have fewer benefits than decompression alone for the treatment of LSS.