Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whom Do Employers Want? The Role of Recent Employment and Unemployment Status and Age

We use a résumé audit study to investigate the role of employment and unemployment histories in callbacks to job applications. We find that applicants with 52 weeks of unemployment have a lower callback rate than those with shorter spells. There is no relationship, however, between spell length and callback among applicants with spells of 24 weeks or less. We also find that both younger and older applicants have a lower callback probability than prime-aged applicants. Finally, we find that applicants who are employed at the time of application have a lower callback rate than do unemployed applicants.
Coevolution of recovery ability and virulence

Most models for coevolution of hosts and parasites are based on the assumption that resistance of hosts to parasites is an all–or–nothing effect. In many cases, for example where parasites require an appropriate receptor on host cells, this is a reasonable assumption. However, in many other cases, for example where hosts mount an immune response, this picture may be too simple. An immune system is expensive to maintain, which poses a question as to how much of its resources a host should allocate to resist parasites: if the risk of infection is low, natural selection may favour hosts with less effective immune systems. As optimal allocation to defence will depend on the force of infection, and the force of infection, in turn, depends on the level of defence in the rest of the host population, a game–theoretic approach is necessary. Here I analyse a simple model for the evolution of the ability to recover from infection. If parasites are not allowed to coevolve, the outcome is a single evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). If the parasites coevolve, multiple evolutionary outcomes are possible, one in which the parasites are relatively avirulent and common and the hosts invest little in recovery ability, and another (the escalated arms race) where parasites are rare but virulent and the hosts invest heavily in defence.
Action-sound Latency and the Perceived Quality of Digital Musical Instruments

Asynchrony between tactile and auditory feedback (action-sound latency) when playing a musical instrument is widely recognized as disruptive to musical performance. In this paper we present a study that assesses the effects of delayed auditory feedback on the timing accuracy and judgments of instrument quality for two groups of participants: professional percussionists and non-percussionist amateur musicians. The amounts of delay tested in this study are relatively small in comparison to similar studies of auditory delays in a musical context (0 ms, 10 ms, 10 ms ± 3 ms, 20 ms). We found that both groups rated the zero latency condition as higher quality for a series of quality measures in comparison to 10 ms ± 3 ms and 20 ms latency, but did not show a significant difference in rating between 10 ms latency and zero latency. Professional percussionists were more aware of the latency conditions and showed less variation of timing under the latency conditions, although this ability decreased as the temporal demands of the task increased. We compare our findings from each group and discuss them in relation to latency in interactive digital systems more generally and experimentally similar work on sensorimotor control and rhythmic performance.
Can we talk, and should we? Managing Emotional Conflict in Multicultural Teams

We highlight linguistic-related challenges in multicultural teams that increase the likelihood of emotional conflict, and also highlight the difficulty of “finding words” in emotional situations because of the nonlinear, fragmented, image-driven qualities of these circumstances. As a result, we question whether team members embroiled in emotional conflict ought to be advised to talk (discuss their feelings with the goal of repairing frayed relationships), whether this meaning of talk is shared by people from culturally different backgrounds, and what conflict management alternatives may exist when talk is not possible or desirable.
Influences of dispersal and local environmental factors on stream macroinvertebrate communities in Qinjiang River, Guangxi, China

ABSTRACT: Identifying the underlying mechanismsthat explain the spatial variation of stream macroin-vertebrate assemblages is crucial for the protectionof species diversity. Consequently, questionsregarding how much variance in macroinvertebratecommunity structure is related to spatial dispersaland local environmental factors, and which envi-ronmental vari ables are the key drivers havebroad research and management implications.Based on data from 22 stream sites within the Qin-jiang River watershed, Guangxi, China, we exam-ined the variation in macro invertebrate communitystructure attributable to local environmental factors(i.e. stream physical habitat and water chemistry)vs. spatial dispersal factors (i.e. overland andwatercourse spatial eigenvectors among samplingsites) using variation partitioning procedures. Over-all, we found that stream macro invertebrates areinfluenced both by local environmental factors andspatial dispersal factors. The most important envi-ronmental factors structuring macro invertebrateassemblages were current velocity, dissolved oxy-gen, conductivity, total phosphorus, and physicalhabitat quality. Both overland and watercourse dis-persal pathways had a similar influence onmacroinvertebrate assemblages. These results dem -onstrate that stream macroinvertebrates within thestudied landscape are constrained by local envi-ronmental conditions and dispersal factors, andhence comply with the niche-based species sortinghypo thesis in the context of metacommunity ecol-ogy.KEY WORDS: Macroinvertebrate · Spatial factors ·Local environment · Stream · China
Complex Affine Arithmetic-Based Power Flow Analysis for Zonal Medium Voltage Direct Current Shipboard Power Systems in the Presence of Power Variation

The medium-voltage direct-current (MVDC) ship power system has been extensively investigated and discussed in recent years. This paper presents an alternating current/direct-current (AC/DC) power flow algorithm based on complex affine arithmetic for the zonal MVDC shipboard power system in the presence of power variation. The power converter effect is considered, and an affine power converter model is proposed in the power flow model. An affine-analysis-based sequential method is adopted to solve AC/DC power flows. With the proposed algorithm, the bounds of bus voltages can be effectively obtained. A relative influence factor is defined to quantitatively assess the effect of power variation on voltage profile. Four cases are studied in detail to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm is useful in network architecture design, planning, and online operations of MVDC power systems when such decisions are subject to power variation.
Assessing Children’s Implicit Attitudes Using the Affect Misattribution Procedure

In the current research, we examined whether the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) could be successfully adapted as an implicit measure of children’s attitudes. We tested this possibility in 3 studies with 5- to 10-year-old children. In Study 1, we found evidence that children misattribute affect elicited by attitudinally positive (e.g., cute animals) and negative (e.g., aggressive animals) primes to neutral stimuli (inkblots). In Study 2, we found that, as expected, children’s responses following flower and insect primes were moderated by gender. Girls (but not boys) were more likely to judge inkblots as pleasant when they followed flower primes. Children in Study 3 showed predicted affect misattribution following happy-face compared with sad-face primes. In addition, children’s responses on this child-friendly AMP predicted their self-reported empathy: The greater children’s spontaneous misattribution of affect following happy and sad primes, the more children reported feeling the joy and pain of others. These studies provide evidence that the AMP can be adapted as an implicit measure of children’s attitudes, and the results of Study 3 offer novel insight into individual differences in children’s affective responses to the emotional expressions of others.
A Study of the Structure of Light Tin Isotopes via Single-Neutron Knockout Reactions

The region around Sn [100Sn] is important because of the close proximity to the N=Z=50 magic numbers, the rp process, and the proton drip-line. Alpha decay measurements show a reversal in the spin-parity assignments of the ground and first excited states in Sn [101Sn] compared to Te [105Te]. However, the lightest oddmass tin isotope with a firm spin-parity assignment is Sn [109Sn]. The d5/2 [d5/2] and g7/2 [g7/2] single-particle states above N=50 are near degenerate, evidenced by the excitation energy of the first excited state in Sn at only 172 keV. The correct ordering of these single-particle states and the degree of neutron configuration mixing has been the subject of debate. Spectroscopic studies have been performed close to Sn [100Sn], utilizing the S800 and CAESAR at the NSCL. These studies make use of a single neutron knockout reaction on beams of Sn [108Sn] and Sn [106Sn]. The momentum distributions of the resulting residues reflect the l-value [l-value] of the removed neutron. Additionally, γ-rays [gamma-rays] were measured in coincidence with the momentum distributions allowing for the separation of the knockout channel where the residue is left in an excited state from the channel to the ground state. The odd-mass residue can then be characterized in terms of a hole in the dor gorbital with reference to the even-mass nucleus. The relative population of final states in the odd-mass residue are indicative of the mixing in the ground state of Sn [108,106Sn].
Galaxy cluster lensing masses in modified lensing potentials

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant number ST/L00075X/1). This work used the DiRAC Data Centric system at Durham University, operated by the Institute for Computational Cosmology on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). This equipment was funded by BIS National E-infrastructure capital grant ST/K00042X/1, STFC capital grant ST/H008519/1, STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/K003267/1 and Durham University. DiRAC is part of the National EInfrastructure. AB is supported by FCT-Portugal through grant SFRH/BD/75791/2011. EJ is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-07CH11359. LK thanks theUniversity of Texas at Dallas for support. The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement number 627288. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant NuMass Agreement no. [617143]. This work has been partially supported by the European Union FP7 ITN INVISIBLES (Marie Curie Actions, PITN- GA- 2011- 289442) and STFC.
THE NUCLEAR NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF NEARBY GALAXIES

We present spectra of the nuclear regions of 50 nearby (D = 1–92 Mpc, median = 20 Mpc) galaxies of morphological types E to Sm. The spectra, obtained with the Gemini Near-IR Spectrograph on the Gemini North telescope, cover a wavelength range of approximately 0.85–2.5 μm at R ∼ 1300–1800. There is evidence that most of the galaxies host an active galactic nucleus (AGN), but the range of AGN luminosities (log (L 2 − 10 keV ? > [erg s−1]) = 37.0–43.2) in the sample means that the spectra display a wide variety of features. Some nuclei, especially the Seyferts, exhibit a rich emission-line spectrum. Other objects, in particular the type 2 Low Ionization Nuclear Emission Region galaxies, show just a few, weak emission lines, allowing a detailed view of the underlying stellar population. These spectra display numerous absorption features sensitive to the stellar initial mass function, as well as molecular bands arising in cool stars, and many other atomic absorption lines. We compare the spectra of subsets of galaxies known to be characterized by intermediate-age and old stellar populations, and find clear differences in their absorption lines and continuum shapes. We also examine the effect of atmospheric water vapor on the signal-to-noise ratio achieved in regions between the conventional NIR atmospheric windows, which are of potential interest to those planning observations of redshifted emission lines or other features affected by telluric H2O. Further exploitation of this data set is in progress, and the reduced spectra and data reduction tools are made available to the community.
When Samples Are Strategically Selected

In standard classification problems, the assumption is that the entity making the decision (the principal) has access to all the samples. However, in many contexts, she either does not have direct access to the samples, or can inspect only a limited set of samples and does not know which are the most relevant ones. In such cases, she must rely on another party (the agent) to either provide the samples or point out the most relevant ones. If the agent has a different objective, then the principal cannot trust the submitted samples to be representative. She must set a policy for how she makes decisions, keeping in mind the agent’s incentives. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical framework for this problem and provide key structural and computational results.
A new methodology to test galaxy formation models using the dependence of clustering on stellar mass

We present predictions for the two-point correlation function of galaxy clustering as a function of stellar mass, computed using two new versions of the GALFORM semi-analytic galaxy formation model. These models make use of a high resolution, large volume N-body simulation, set in the 7-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe cosmology. One model uses a universal stellar initial mass function (IMF), while the other assumes different IMFs for quiescent star formation and bursts. Particular consideration is given to how the assumptions required to estimate the stellar masses of observed galaxies (such as the choice of IMF, stellar population synthesis model, and dust extinction) influence the perceived dependence of galaxy clustering on stellar mass. Broad-band spectral energy distribution fitting is carried out to estimate stellar masses for the model galaxies in the same manner as in observational studies. We show clear differences between the clustering signals computed using the true and estimated model stellar masses. As such, we highlight the importance of applying our methodology to compare theoretical models to observations. We introduce an alternative scheme for the calculation of the merger time-scales for satellite galaxies in GALFORM, which takes into account the dark matter subhalo information from the simulation. This reduces the amplitude of small-scale clustering. The new merger scheme offers improved or similar agreement with observational clustering measurements, over the redshift range 0 < z < 0.7. We find reasonable agreement with clustering measurements from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly Survey, but find larger discrepancies for some stellar mass ranges and separation scales with respect to measurements from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey, depending on the GALFORM model used.
Evaluation of the bactericidal and trypanocidal activities of triterpenes isolated from the leaves, stems, and flowers of Lychnophora pinaster

The phytochemical investigation on the aereal parts of Lychnophora pinaster Mart. , Asteraceae, was carried to isolation of triterpenes. 3-O-Acetyl-lupeol (1), 3-O-acetyl-pseudotaraxasterol (2), and 3-O-acetyl-α-amyrin (3) were isolated from hexanic extract and 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-22,24-dien-5-ol (4), α-amyrin (5), and lupeol (6) were isolated from hexanic/dichlorometanic extract of the leaves. Compounds Δ7-bauerenyl acetate (7), friedelin (8), stigmasterol (9), and sitosterol (10) were isolated from the hexanic/dichlorometanic extract of the stems. The steroids 9 and 10 were also isolated from the hexanic/dichlorometanic extract of the flowers. Triterpenes 1, 3, 4, and 7 are described for the first time in the genus Lychnophora. The apolar fractions of the leaf and stem extracts and some isolated triterpenes showed low trypanocidal activity. Moreover, apolar fractions of the leaf and stem extracts and 5 showed antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus.
Uniform Inference and Prediction for Conditional Factor Models with Instrumental and Idiosyncratic Betas

It has been well known in financial economics that factor betas depend on observed instruments such as firm specific characteristics and macroeconomic variables, and the key object of interest is the effect of instruments on the factor betas. We specify the factor betas as functions of time-varying observed instruments that pick up long-run beta fluctuations, plus an orthogonal idiosyncratic component that captures high-frequency movements in beta. It is often the case that researchers do not know whether or not the idiosyncratic beta exists, or its strengths, and thus uniformity is essential for inferences. It is found that the limiting distribution of the estimated instrument effect has a discontinuity when the strength of the idiosyncratic beta is near zero, which makes usual inferences fail to be valid and produce misleading results. In addition, the usual “plug-in” method using the estimated asymptotic variance is only valid pointwise. The central goal is to make inference about the effect on the betas of firms’ instruments, and to conduct out-of-sample forecast of integrated volatilities using estimated factors. Both procedures should be valid uniformly over a broad class of data generating processes for idiosyncratic betas with various signal strengths and degrees of time-variant. We achieve the uniformity through a cross-sectional bootstrap procedure, and our procedure also features a bias correction for the effect of estimating unknown factors.
Automatic Facial Feature Extraction for Face Recognition

Facial feature extraction consists in localizing the most characteristic face components (eyes, nose, mouth, etc.) within images that depict human faces. This step is essential for the initialization of many face processing techniques like face tracking, facial expression recognition or face recognition. Among these, face recognition is a lively research area where it has been made a great effort in the last years to design and compare different techniques. In this chapter we intend to present an automatic method for facial feature extraction that we use for the initialization of our face recognition technique. In our notion, to extract the facial components equals to locate certain characteristic points, e.g. the center and the corners of the eyes, the nose tip, etc. Particular emphasis will be given to the localization of the most representative facial features, namely the eyes, and the locations of the other features will be derived from them. An important aspect of any localization algorithm is its precision. The face recognition techniques (FRTs) presented in literature only occasionally face the issue and rarely state the assumptions they make on their initialization; many simply skip the feature extraction step, and assume perfect localization by relying upon manual annotations of the facial feature positions. However, it has been demonstrated that face recognition heavily suffers from an imprecise localization of the face components. This is the reason why it is fundamental to achieve an automatic, robust and precise extraction of the desired features prior to any further processing. In this respect, we investigate the behavior of two FRTs when initialized on the real output of the extraction method.
Revision Surgery in Total Joint Replacement Is Cost-Intensive

Revisions after total joint replacement increase constantly. In the current study, we analyzed clinical outcome, complication rates, and cost-effectiveness of revision arthroplasty. In a retrospective analysis of 162 revision hip and knee arthroplasties from our institutional joint registry responder rate, patient-reported outcome measures (EQ-5D, WOMAC), complication rates, and patient-individual charges in relation to reimbursement were compared with a matched control group of primary total joint replacements. Positive responder rate one year postoperatively was lower for revision arthroplasties with 72.9% than for primary arthroplasties with 90.1% (OR=0.30, 95%CI=0.18–0.59, p=0.001). Correspondingly, improvement in patient-reported outcome measures one year after surgery was lower in revision than in primary joint arthroplasty with EQ-5D 0.19±0.25 to 0.30±0.24 (p<0.001) and WOMAC 24.3±30.3 to 41.2±21.3 (p<0.001). Infection rate was higher in revision (6.8%) compared to primary replacements (0%, p=0.001). Mean charges in revision arthroplasty were 76.0% higher than in matched primary joint replacements (7110.8±2249.4$ to 4041.1±975.7$, p<0.001), whereas reimbursement was only 23.6% higher (9243.3±2258.4$ in revision and 7477.9±703.1$ in primary arthroplasty, p<0.001). Revision arthroplasty is associated with lower outcome and higher infection rate compared to primary replacements. The high financial expense of revision arthroplasty is only partly covered by a higher reimbursement.
Functional Asymmetries and Lateral Dominance in the Lower Limbs of Distance Runners

This study investigated the phenomenon of lower extremity functional asymmetries in a group of competitive male distance runners (N = 29). Bilateral measurements were taken to assess selected variables of the talocalcaneal flexibility (goniometry) and of the isokinetic knee strength (Cybex II). Data analysis revealed significant asymmetries for both lower extremity functional parameters. The subjects were symmetric in the total range of motion of the subtalar joint and inversely asymmetric in the range of motion of calcaneal eversion and calcaneal inversion. The laterality patterns of functional asymmetries were found to be consistent and independent of the conventional upper and lower extremity lateral preferences. It was theorized that asymmetries in the lower extremities are characterized by joint-specific trends of bilateralism.
Réseaux de chaleur - Transport

Cet article ne concerne que le transport de l’energie entre la source et les sous-stations. L’article Reseaux de chaleur. Chauffage urbain Reseaux de chaleur- Chauffage urbain traitera des problemes concernant les sources et les sous-stations dans le cas du chauffage urbain.
Evolution of domestic airport networks: a review and comparative analysis

ABSTRACT Previous studies on airport networks are strongly bounded time-wise or only conducted for single networks at distinct levels of abstraction and for distinct topological features. Here, we review and compare the evolution of domestic airport networks (DANs) for Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Russia, US and Europe during the period 2002–2013. This is the first study on a consistent global dataset and allows for direct comparisons of network features. The air passenger traffic is tremendously increasing in all eight networks, with the largest number of passengers in US, followed by Europe and China. Degree distributions can often be best fitted with a truncated power-law (e.g. Brazil and US) or log-normal (e.g. Australia and Canada). While all eight networks clearly exhibit small-world properties, the average shortest path length is between 2.1 (China/Russia) and 4.0 (Canada). Our study sets a baseline for understanding the topology and evolution of DANs.