Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet Addiction and Interpersonal Problems in Korean Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of Internet addiction and interpersonal problems, explore the relationship between the two, and identify the relevant factors of Internet addiction in Korean middle school students. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The participants were 676 middle school students. A Korean version of the Internet addiction self-test scale and a Korean version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems were used. Among the participants, 547 (80.9%) were identified as general users, 108 (16%) were potential risk users, and 21 (3.1%) were high-risk users. There were statistically significant positive correlations between Internet addiction and interpersonal problems (r = 0.425, P = .000). There were significant positive correlations between Internet addiction and hours spent playing games. Internet-addicted adolescents also had more interpersonal problems. It is important to raise awareness about Internet addiction, and close attention must be paid not only to students at risk of Internet addiction but also to students at low risk to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet.
Tobacco control activities in U.S. dental practices.

The authors surveyed general dentists, periodontists, pediatric dentists and dental hygienists in three U.S. geographical regions to estimate the percentage who practiced tobacco use cessation activities in their dental offices. A total of 1,746 dentists and 723 dental hygienists completed either a long or short version of a mailed survey or telephone interview. The authors found that tobacco cessation activities are not a routine part of dental practice and that tobacco control activities and training vary by dentist type and geographical region.
Scramjet Engine Model MASIV: Role of Mixing, Chemistry and Wave Interaction

This paper provides details of the combustion and inlet submodels used in the MichiganAir Force Scramjet In Vehicle (MASIV) model. The model solves conservation equations in 1-D, using several modeling techniques to retain some of the fidelity of higher-order simulations. Inlet wave interactions, fuel mixing and finite-rate chemistry are considered. The order of the problem is reduced by physics-based, experimentally-verified algebraic scaling laws, which retains the required physics but reduces the computation time of the problem to seconds, instead of the several days required by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Scaling coecients and assumptions are given. The model is used to compute the performance of an experimental configuration for which real data are available.
Effect of short-term sequential administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the stomach and proximal portion of the duodenum in healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of injection with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) followed by oral administration of an NSAID on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of healthy dogs. ANIMALS 6 healthy Walker Hounds. PROCEDURES In a randomized, crossover design, dogs were administered 4 treatments consisting of an SC injection of an NSAID or control solution (day 0), followed by oral administration of an NSAID or inert substance for 4 days (days 1 through 4). Treatment regimens included carprofen (4 mg/kg) followed by inert substance; saline (0.9% NaCl) solution followed by deracoxib (4 mg/kg); carprofen (4 mg/kg) followed by carprofen (4 mg/kg); and carprofen (4 mg/kg) followed by deracoxib (4 mg/kg). Hematologic, serum biochemical, and fecal evaluations were conducted weekly, and clinical scores were obtained daily. Endoscopy of the GIT was performed before and on days 1, 2, and 5 for each treatment. Lesions were scored by use of a 6-point scale. RESULTS No significant differences existed for clinical data, clinicopathologic data, or lesion scores in the esophagus, cardia, or duodenum. For the gastric fundus, antrum, and lesser curvature, an effect of time was observed for all treatments, with lesions worsening from before to day 2 of treatments but improving by day 5. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sequential administration of NSAIDs in this experiment did not result in clinically important gastroduodenal ulcers. A larger study to investigate the effect of sequential administration of NSAIDs for longer durations and in dogs with signs of acute and chronic pain is essential to substantiate these findings.
Impaired aerobic capacity and physical functional performance in older heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction: role of lean body mass.

BACKGROUND Exercise intolerance is the primary chronic symptom in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF), the most common form of heart failure in older persons, and can result from abnormalities in cardiac, vascular, and skeletal muscle, which can be further worsened by physical deconditioning. However, it is unknown whether skeletal muscle abnormalities contribute to exercise intolerance in HFPEF patients. METHODS This study evaluated lean body mass, peak exercise oxygen consumption (VO2), and the short physical performance battery in 60 older (69 ± 7 years) HFPEF patients and 40 age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS In HFPEF versus healthy controls, peak percent total lean mass (60.1 ± 0.8% vs. 66.6 ± 1.0%, p < .0001) and leg lean mass (57.9 ± 0.9% vs. 63.7 ± 1.1%, p = .0001) were significantly reduced. Peak VO2 was severely reduced including when indexed to leg lean mass (79.3 ± 18.5 vs. 104.3 ± 20.4 ml/kg/min, p < .0001). Peak VO2 was correlated with percent total (r = .51) and leg lean mass (.52, both p < .0001). The slope of the relationship of peak VO2 with percent leg lean mass was markedly reduced in HFPEF (11 ± 5 ml/min) versus healthy controls (36 ± 5 ml/min; p < .001). Short physical performance battery was reduced (9.9 ± 1.4 vs. 11.3 ± 0.8) and correlated with peak VO2 and total and leg lean mass (all p < .001). CONCLUSION Older HFPEF patients have significantly reduced percent total and leg lean mass and physical functional performance compared with healthy controls. The markedly decreased peak VO2 indexed to lean body mass in HFPEF versus healthy controls suggests that abnormalities in skeletal muscle perfusion and/or metabolism contribute to the severe exercise intolerance in older HFPEF patients.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-monocyte rates in the decision for a prostate re-biopsy in patients with a previous benign pathology and consistently 2,5-10 ng/ml PSA value.

OBJECTIVES In this study we compared neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and neutrophilto- monocyte ratio(NMR) between patients with prostate cancer after first transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)- guided biopsy and patients with benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH) after second TRUS-guided biyopsy. METHODS A total of 224 patients who underwent multi (≥12)-core TRUS -guided biopsy at our clinic for elevated PSA or abnormal digital rectal examination in between January 2008 and March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 146 patients with a diagnosis of prostate cancer after the first TRUSguided biyopsy and group 2 consisted of 78 patients with a diagnosis of benign prostate hyperplasia after second TRUS-guided biyopsy. Age, PSA, NLR and NMR values were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were no statistically significant correlation between PSA and NLR(p=0.46). The mean of age, PSA, NLR, NMR values in the group 1 and 2 were respectively 64.6±7.7 and 61.6±6.9, 6.5±1.9 and 5.3±1.2, 2.8±1.5 and 2.3±1.1, 9.2±3.9, 8.1±2.9 (p=0.03, p=0.001, p=0.012 and p=0.30). The mean PSA, NLR ,NMR values of the group 1 were significantly higher than those in group 2 (p=0.002). Gleason grade and pathological stage were significantly increases as NLR increases. CONCLUSION NLR and NMR in patients with BPH after second TRUS-guided biopsy were lower than that of those with a diagnosis of prostate cancer after the first TRUS-guided biopsy.White blood test subtypes can be considered for the decision to perform a second TRUSguided biopsy in patients with previous negative biopsy with persistently elevated PSA.
The use of chaetotaxy in the identification of larval ticks (Acarina: Ioxodidae).

tively little has been learned about various aspects of the biology of this stage and the role of the larvae in disease transmission. Our meager knowledge of the systematics of larval ticks can be attributed to a number of factors; namely, the small number of known reliable characters available for inclusion in keys, the inadequate descriptions and illustrations of the relatively few species reared in the laboratory from identified females, and the virtual impossibility of associating field-caught larvae of most species with the corresponding adult. The lack of reliable recognition characters has been the most serious deterrent to a better understanding of the systematics of larval ticks. The present study was undertaken for the purpose of seeking additional characters to overcome this handicap. It was found that chaetotaxy, long used successfully in separating certain groups of mites, offered a number of useful characters for making a key to genera of larval ticks of the world. A key was designed also which could separate all of the species of larval ticks presently available for study, but this key included such a small proportion of the total number of ixodid species that it has little, if any, practical value. Thus, a great need exists for the characterization of more species of larval ticks from all geographical regions. This characterization should be based upon laboratory reared larvae derived from positively identified females. The description of larvae by this method would lead to a better understanding of the tick fauna of each region and eventually to a monograph of the systematics of larval ticks on a world basis. Some progress in these respects has been made by several studies in the USSR and the completed, but as yet unpublished, study of the larval ticks of the eastern United States by the authors. The key to the species of Ixodes from the latter study has been included in this paper to demonstrate its practicality. When it became apparent early in the course of this study that the setae of larval ticks were arranged in definite distributional patterns a system was devised for naming them according to their topographical location. Later it was discovered
The health of grandparents raising grandchildren: results of a national study.

OBJECTIVES This study sought to compare the functional and self-rated health of grandparents raising grandchildren with that of noncaregiving grandparents. METHODS A secondary analysis of data from the 1992 to 1994 National Survey of Families and Households was conducted. Bivariate and logistic analyses compared 173 custodial and 3304 noncustodial grandparents in terms of functional health limitations, self-rated health, and satisfaction with health. RESULTS Custodial grandparents were significantly more likely to have limitations in 4 of the 5 activities of daily living (ADLs) examined, with more than half reporting some limitation in 1 of the 5 ADLs. A logistic regression analysis indicated that caregiving grandparents had 50% higher odds of having an ADL limitation. Caregivers were significantly more likely to report lower satisfaction with health, and a statistical trend indicated that the caregivers had lower self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to determine whether the differences observed reflect artifacts or actual differences in functional abilities and other health measures. The need for policies that support rather than penalize grandparents raising grandchildren is stressed.
Spatial ability and visual navigation: an Empirical Study

Abstract In this paper, we describe an empirical study of individuals' spatial navigation strategies and a number of performance and preference measures with regard to the design of a novel 3D visualisation. The underlying semantic space of the user interface consists of a collection of papers from the three most recent ACM SIGCHI conference proceedings, visualised as a virtual reality network. This network was automatically constructed based on semantic similarities derived from latent semantic analysis. We studied die search strategies and general preferences of eleven subjects who used this system to find papers on various topics. The study has led to a number of interesting findings, which should be valuable for designers and evaluators of 3D user interfaces. The results highlight the importance of structural elements in the design of a semantically based user interface, because search strategies of users relied heavily on these mechanisms in the design. The results of this study also demonstrate that.
Chemokine system polymorphisms, survival and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis.

AIM To explore the influence of polymorphisms in genes encoding for the chemokines Stromal cell-Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2, or for the chemokine receptor CCR5 on the risks of liver-related death and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. METHODS SDF-1 3'A, MCP-1 (-2518) and CCR5-Delta32 polymorphisms, SDF-1 alpha, Regulated upon Activation Normal T cells Expressed and Secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 and MCP-1 serum levels were determined in 120 HCV-infected patients, included at time of cirrhosis diagnosis and prospectively followed-up. RESULTS During follow-up, 23/120 (19.1%) patients died and 47/120 (39.1%) developed HCC. Carriers and noncarriers of each genetic marker had similar baseline characteristics estimating the severity of liver disease. The occurrence of death or HCC during follow-up was similar among carriers and noncarriers of each polymorphism. There was no association between the carriage of mutated alleles and chemokine serum levels and the latter were not associated with the risks of death or HCC. CONCLUSION This study suggests the lack of association of SDF-1 3'A, MCP-1 (-2518), CCR5-Delta32 polymorphisms with death and HCC occurrence in cirrhotic HCV-infected patients.
Clinical evaluation of posterior composite restorations: the 10-year report.

PURPOSE To summarize all clinically relevant data of a 10-year prospective evaluation of posterior glass-ionomer cement/composite restorations (Ketac Bond/Visio-Molar radiopaque). MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study 194 hybrid composite fillings (115 Class I, 79 Class II) were applied in 73 adult patients. The exposed dentin was covered with glass-ionomer cement. The clinical evaluation was carried out at baseline, after 6 months and at 1-year intervals up to 10 years. The USPHS-compatible CPM Index was used with the C and P criteria presented here for anatomic form, color match, surface quality, wear, marginal integrity, marginal ledge, marginal discoloration, secondary caries, and clinical acceptability. Thermal and electrical sensitivity testing were recorded annually. RESULTS At baseline, 194 restorations were rated. The drop-out of patients comprised 108 fillings after 10 years. During this time, 24 restorations could not be followed up because of new carious lesions at different sites and/or prosthodontic treatment (drop-out of teeth). Forty-six composite restorations were longitudinally controlled over 10 years, and 16 more fillings failed before the end of the study (3 filling fractures, 7 partial filling losses, 1 total filling loss, 5 cases of secondary caries). Only Class II composite restorations exhibited secondary caries (4 fillings after 7 years and 1 filling after 9 years). After 10 years, the correct anatomic form was preserved in 44 fillings, but all restorations showed rough surface and wear. The majority of restorations (26 fillings) was free of marginal discoloration, and the color match showed only 3 fillings being too dark. The marginal integrity was optimal at baseline and during the first year. During the second year a continuing degradation started and lasted until the end of the study. Thirteen restorations showed optimal marginal integrity after 10 years. CONCLUSION The USPHS-compatible CPM Index represents a sensitive rating system for long-term observation of posterior composite restorations. The early risk of failure is attributed to bulk fractures and partial loss of filling material. The longevity over 10 years is a maximum of 74.2%, and the very low secondary caries rate and the high percentage of correct anatomical form confirm the clinical safety of posterior composite restorations.
Regulation of BMP-Induced Transcription in Cultured Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Background: Adherent bone marrow stromal cells are inducible osteoprogenitors, giving rise to cells expressing osteoblast markers including alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein. However, the potency of inducers varies in a species-specific manner. Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone induce alkaline phosphatase activity in both human and rat mesenchymal stem cells, while mouse bone marrow stromal cells are refractory to dexamethasone-induced alkaline phosphatase activity. In contrast, BMP induces alkaline phosphatase activity in both mouse and rat bone marrow stromal cells, while BMP effects on human bone marrow stromal cells are poorly characterized.Methods: Bone marrow samples were isolated from patients undergoing hip replacement. Mononuclear marrow cells were cultured and grown to confluence without or with 10 -7 M dexamethasone. Cells from each isolate were passaged into medium containing 100 &mgr;g/mL ascorbate phosphate and treated with dexamethasone, 100 ng/mL BMP, or no inducer. At day 6, alkaline phosphatase activity was assayed, and RNA was prepared for mRNA analyses by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Bone marrow stromal cells from twenty-four of twenty-six patients showed no significant osteogenic response to BMP-2, 4, or 7 as determined by alkaline phosphatase induction. However, BMPs induced elevated levels of other genes associated with osteogenesis such as bone sialoprotein and osteopontin as well as BMP-2 and noggin. If primary cultures of human bone marrow stromal cells were pretreated with dexamethasone, BMP-2 treatment of first-passage cells induced alkaline phosphatase in approximately half of the isolates, and significantly greater induction was seen in cells from males. Dexamethasone treatment, like BMP treatment, also increased expression of the BMP-binding protein noggin.Conclusions: Most human femur bone marrow stromal cell samples appear incapable of expressing elevated alkaline phosphatase levels in response to BMPs. Since BMP treatment induced expression of several other BMP-regulated genes, the defect in alkaline phosphatase induction is presumably not due to impaired BMP signaling. We hypothesize that the mechanism by which BMPs modulate alkaline phosphatase expression is indirect, involving a BMP-regulated transcription factor for alkaline phosphatase expression that is controlled differently in humans and rodents.Clinical Relevance: We suggest that the relative insensitivity of alkaline phosphatase to BMP induction in human bone marrow stromal cells may contribute to the variation in efficacy reported with BMP in clinical settings.
Morphological productivity in children with normal language and SLI: a study of the English past tense.

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) are known to display persistent difficulties with inflectional morphology--in particular, the overuse of unmarked grammatical forms (i.e., zero-marking). Yet, several recent studies have shown that English-speaking children with SLI, like their normal language peers (NL), demonstrate a considerable degree of productive language abilities (e.g., Bishop, 1994; Loeb & Leonard, 1991; Oetting & Horohov, 1997). In this study, we explore productivity in the English past tense in school-age children with SLI (N= 31) and NL (N = 31) who were equivalent as a group in chronological and mental age. Although children in both groups produced a range of error types, the children with SLI produced significantly more errors, with a greater proportion resulting from zero-marking (e.g., go) than suffixation (e.g., goed). Item analyses indicated that suffixations and zero-markings were predicted by item frequency, phonological features of stems, and similarity relationships across items (i.e., neighborhood structure) in both groups, yet children with SLI were more sensitive to item phonology than their NL peers. Results are interpreted in light of the predictions of dual- versus single-mechanism models of morphological productivity. Implications for accounts of SLI are discussed.
A Computational Model of Information Processing in the Frontal Cortex and Basal Ganglia

Performance on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST) of patients with schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) was simulated by a neural network model constructed on principles derived from neuroanatomic loops from the frontal cortex through the basal ganglia and thalamus. The model provided a computational rationale for the empirical pattern of perseverative errors associated with frontal cortex dysfunction and random errors associated with striatal dysfunction. The model displayed perseverative errors in performance when the gain parameter of the activation function in units representing frontal cortex neurons was reduced as an analog of reduced dopamine release. Random errors occurred when the gain parameter of the activation function in units representing striatal neurons was reduced, or when the activation level was itself reduced as an analog of a striatal lesion. The model demonstrated that the perseveration of schizophrenic, Huntington's, and demented Parkinsonian patients may be principally due to ineffective inhibition of previously learned contextual rules in the frontal cortex, while the random errors of Parkinson's and Huntington's patients are more likely to be due to unsystematic errors of matching in the striatum. The model also made specific, empirically falsifiable predictions that can be used to explore the utility of these putative mechanisms of information processing in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia.
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE THAT ACTS ON RNA 1 P150 IN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE IS INVOLVED IN LPS-INDUCED LUNG INJURY

Previous studies showed adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (ADAR1) up-regulated in alveolar macrophages (AMs) by LPS treatment, whereas its roles in acute lung injury (ALI) are still unclear. Here, we report that up-regulation of inducible ADAR1 p150 isoform in macrophages stimulated with LPS and in AMs harvested from an ALI rat model. Knockdown of ADAR1 p150 by small interfering RNA in AMs suppressed macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1) secretion while enhancing that of IL-10 compared with those control cells upon LPS stimulation. To further confirm the role of p150 in AMs, adoptive transfer of LPS-activated NR8383 cells was performed in healthy rats, and severity of inflammatory response was assessed by investigating cellular pattern in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and calculating alveolar-arterial oxygen difference [D(A-a)O2]. Acute lung injury was induced by LPS-activated NR8383 cells with either normal or lower ADAR1 expression levels, and ALI in rats and the lung inflammation was attenuated significantly by knockdown ADAR1 p150 in transferred cells both in polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and D(A-a)O2. The roles of MIP-1 and IL-10 in the development of ALI were also tested in animals receiving neutralizing antibodies. Administration of anti-MIP-1 inhibited lung polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration and lung damage, as well as D(A-a)O2, whereas anti-IL-10 reversed the protection effects. In conclusion, ADAR1 p150 is functionally significant in the development of ALI. It likely exerts its effects in part by mediating the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and influencing tissue neutrophil recruitment and D(A-a)O2. It also implied that ADAR1 inhibitors may help attenuate local inflammatory lung damage.