Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validating TCP connection management

The Internet's Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is specified informally in Request For Comments (RFC) 793 but still lacks a formal specification. This paper presents a formal model of TCP connection management using coloured Petri nets (CPNs). The model is used to examine certain properties (e.g., the absence of deadlocks and correct message sequences) of TCP and to check the internal consistency of RFC 793. In this paper, problems with some informal descriptions in RFC 793 concerning simultaneous open have been discovered through automated reachability analysis. Corrections to the problems have been proposed and tested.
Arabic Blogging Sentiment Analysis

Today, microblogging has become the most popular communication tool among users of social networks. Many users share their opinions on different fields, and those users speak different languages, they are of different ages and education levels. Consequently, opinion mining has become an interesting area of research. Arabic is one of the most used languages in the world. In this thesis, we built a machine learning-based sentiment analysis system for mining and analyzing the Arabic tweets in social networks to determine positive and negative sentiments. We also built an application that determines the percentage of positive and negative opinions based on certain hashtags in specific domains. Regarding sentiment mining and analysis, many points would be addressed: building a corpus for Arabic tweets, filtration of the tweets’ tokens, and building a fault tolerance-based classifier. The classification would use a fault tolerance technique and different machine-learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, and Decision Tree). The prototype of the analysis system would be built and evaluated. The study yielded the following results: the average accuracy of the work based on the voter model is 84.8%. The application ran on the user’s selection of the hashtag name and its domain. The areas assessed were educational, social, economic, sports, and political. It showed the percentage of positive and negative tweets in addition to the number of tweets written in this hashtag and the time it takes to process a calculation.
Utilizing comparative genomics to measure male mutation bias : An updated evolutionary approach

In many species the mutation rate is higher in males than in females, a phenomenon denoted as male mutation bias. This is often observed in animals where males produce many more sperm than females produce eggs, and is thought to result from differences in the number of replicationassociated mutations accumulated in each sex. Thus, studies of male mutation bias have the capacity to reveal information about the replication-dependent or replication-independent nature of different mutations. The availability of whole genome sequences for many species, as well as for multiple individuals within a species, has opened the door to studying factors, both sequencespecific and those acting on the genome globally, that affect differences in mutation rates between males and females. Here, we assess the advantages that genomic sequences provide for studies of male mutation bias and general mutation mechanisms, discuss major challenges left unresolved, and speculate about the direction of future studies.
STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE LOWER TROPOSPHERE IN THE PRESENCE OF A SALLJ

The South American Low level Jet (SALLJ) is a key feature of South American climate and plays an important role as a transport mechanism of moisture and other constituents, with the subsequent impact on southeastern South America. This wind maximum east of the Andes develops and evolves as a result of physical forcing on various temporal scales and surface and topographic conditions. In addition, SALLJ interacts with different meteorological circulation. For these reasons, its structure and evolution need to be well understood and documented. Several studies have been done to characterize SALLJ and the related phenomena (Saulo et al 2000, Nicolini et al 2002 a, b and Salio et al 2002, among others). The South American Low level Jet Experiment (SALLJEX) was an international field campaign carried out to improve the understanding of SALLJ. It took place from 15 November 2002 to 15 February 2003. The observational meteorological network was enhanced with pilot balloon and radiosonde releases with high spatial and temporal resolution. During selected situations an instrumented aircraft flew and documented the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere. The SALLJEX provided a unique data set in South America as regards the density of observations to document and evaluate current theories and modeling tools and strategies (see Nicolini et al, 2004 and Vera et al, 2004 for details). Data from one of the days of SALLJEX were used to investigate the structure and evolution of the SALLJ and to evaluate the meteorological fields and related parameters as simulated by a mesoscale model.
Predicting discharge and sediment flux of the Po River , Italy since the LGM

INTRODUCTION The EuroSTRATAFORM project aims at evaluating the influences of physical characteristics of sediment sources and their temporal variability due to climatic evolution and human impacts on continental-margin sediment flux. In the framework of the project a number of rivers were chosen to simulate; among others, the Po. A numerical climate-driven hydrological model, HydroTrend, is applied to the heavily anthropogenic influenced Po basin (drainage area 77,000 km) in Northern Italy to predict sediment fluxes and water discharge to the Adriatic Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
SOUTH-AMERICAN CYCLOGENESIS: PRECURSORS

Extra-tropical cyclones play a central role in the maintenance of global climate and are responsible for the transport of heat and moisture through the troposphere (Peixoto and Oort1992; Simmonds and Keay 2000). The South Atlantic is one of the regions of the globe where cyclones preferably occur. According to Frederiksen (1985), the observed location of the primary stormtrack just downstream and poleward of the polar jet stream in the southern hemisphere is accounted for by linear baroclinic instability theory. However, James and Anderson (1984), using one of the first years of analyzed data for the Southern Hemisphere, provided by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), found that the linear dry baroclinic theory was unable to explain the observed storm-track in the South Atlantic sector. Gan and Rao (1991) showed that cyclone formation in South America is mostly associated with baroclinic instability. In addition, they pointed out the importance of topographical effects caused by the presence of the Andes Mountains. Furthermore, Garreaud and Wallace (1998) found that transient incursions of midlatitude air into subtropical and tropical South America, east of the Andes, are an important feature of the synoptic climatology over this region, associated with the enhancement of convection. This study puts into evidence the conditions which favour the onset and intensification of cyclones in the region of maximum cyclogenesis near South America. It will be shown that events of low-level cyclogenesis are preceded by an increase in the spatial heterogeneity of the moist entropy field, with the buildup of warm and moist air over a preferred South American region, to the North of Argentina.
Developmental Disabilities Individuals with Smith-Magenis syndrome display profound neurodevelopmental behavioral deficiencies and exhibit food-related behaviors equivalent to Prader-Willi syndrome

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability, sleep disturbances, early onset obesity and vast behavioral deficits. We used the Behavior Problems Inventory-01 to categorize the frequency and severity of behavioral abnormalities in a SMS cohort relative to individuals with intellectual disability of heterogeneous etiology. Self-injurious, stereotyped, and aggressive/destructive behavioral scores indicated that both frequency and severity were significantly higher among individuals with SMS relative to those with intellectual disability. Next, we categorized food behaviors in our SMS cohort across age using the Food Related Problems Questionnaire (FRPQ) and found that problems began to occur in SMS children as early as 5–11 years old, but children 12–18 years old and adults manifested the most severe problems. Furthermore, we evaluated the similarities of SMS adult food-related behaviors to those with intellectual disability and found that SMS adults had more severe behavioral problems. Many neurodevelopmental disorders exhibit syndromic obesity including SMS. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorder with syndromic obesity and has a well-established management and treatment plan. Using the FRPQ we found that SMS adults had similar scores relative to PWS adults. Both syndromes manifest weight gain early in development, and the FRPQ scores highlight specific areas in which behavioral similarities exist, including preoccupation with food, impaired satiety, and negative behavioral responses. SMS food-related behavior treatment paradigms are not as refined as PWS, suggesting that current PWS treatments for prevention of obesity may be beneficial for individuals with SMS. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author at: Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB2015, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Tel. : +1 713 798 5484. E-mail address: elsea@bcm.edu (S.H. Elsea). http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ridd. 2015.08. 011 0891-4222/ 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. J.T. Alaimo et al. / Research in Developmental Disabilities 47 (2015) 27–38 28
Bio-efficacy of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl for grassy weed control in onion and its residual effect on succeeding maize crop

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi seasons of 2008 and 2009 at Crop Research Center of GBPUA&T, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to study the effect of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9 EC for grassy weed management in onion and its residual effect on succeeding maize crop. All treatments reduced the density of major weed species of onion and dry weight of weeds. Yield attributes and bulb yield were increased significantly over unweeded check. Application of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 78.75 g/ha was the best tretment and subsequently recorded maximum bulb yield of onion as compared to other doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (56.25, 67.50 g/ha) and quizalofop-p-ethyl 37.5 g/ha. This herbicide did not show any phytotoxic effect on onion crop. Similarly, post-harvest study on succeeding crop of maize indicated the absence of no residual phytotoxic effect of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl tested in onion.
The Architecture of Supervision

The architecture of supervision – how we define the allocation of supervisory powers to different policy institutions – can have implications for policy conduct and for the economic and financial environment in which these policies are implemented. Theoretically, an integrated structure for monetary policy and supervision brings important benefits arising from better information flow and policy coordination. Aggregate supervisory information may significantly improve the conduct of monetary policy and the effectiveness of the lender of last resort function. As long as the process towards an integrated structure does not shrink the set of available tools, monetary policy and supervision are no less effective in pursuing their objectives than a separated structure. Additionally, an integrated structure does not seem to be correlated with more price and/or financial instability, as suggested by analysing a large global set of countries with different supervisory set-ups. A centralised structure for supervision entails significant benefits in terms of fewer opportunities for supervisory arbitrage by banks and less informational asymmetry. A large central supervisor can take advantage of economies of scale and scope in supervision and gain a broader perspective on the stability of the entire banking sector, which should result in improved financial stability. Potential drawbacks of a centralised supervisory structure are the possible lack of specialisation relative to local supervisors and the increased distance between the supervisor and the supervised institutions. We discuss the implications of our findings in the euro area context and in relation to the design of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM). JEL Classification: E5, G21, G38
Determinants of group cohesiveness in sports : Individual and group factors Dorotea Božić

Background: Most research on group cohesion in sports teams is based on the conceptual model proposed by Carron (1982). Carron identified some individual and group factors that contribute to the development of group cohesion in a sports team. In the context of this model, it is often found in the literature that anxiety and athletes’ self-efficacy are significant individual factors, while communication among athletes and collective efficacy are significant group factors that predict group cohesion. Moreover, research has not shown consistent results in the relationship of the above-mentioned individual or group factors with group cohesion. The goal of this paper was to determine which factors, individual factors (anxiety and athletes’ self-efficacy) or group factors (collective efficacy and communication), can predict group cohesion more accurately. Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of handball players (N = 117) from the clubs in the City of Zagreb, aged between 15 and 30. Group cohesion was measured by the Group Environment Questionnaire Protection and promotion of the well-being of children, youth, and families 140 (Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1985), anxiety was measured by the Sports Anxiety Scale-2 (Smith, Smol, Cumming, & Grossbard, 2006), self-efficacy by the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995), communication by the Scale of Effective Communication in Team Sports–2 (Sullivan & Short, 2011), and collective efficacy by the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (Short, Sullivan, & Feltz, 2005). Results: The results are analyzed using a hierarchical regression analysis and it is shown that collective efficacy and communication are significant group cohesion predictors, whereas higher collective efficacy and frequent forms of acceptance when communicating within the team contribute to stronger team cohesion. Individual factors are not shown to contribute significantly to group cohesion. Conclusion: This research has implications for practice in the field of sports psychology in terms of increasing the quality of training for coaches and athletes as well as helping them to achieve their goals.
YADE 1 D vertical VANS fluid resolution : Theoretical basis

In the present note, we discuss the theoretical basis of models coupling Discrete Element Method (DEM) with Volume-Averaged Navier-Stokes (VANS) equations. Starting from the classical equations derived in Anderson & Jackson (1), the different closures for the total fluid stress tensor and the fluid-particle momentum transfer are discussed from a physical meaning point of view. This allows to avoid to take into account two times the same effect and clarify the meaning of the different terms.
Growth Performance , Carcass and Organ Characteristics of Broiler Finishers Fed Dietary

Four (4) weeks feeding trial was conducted using one hundred and twenty; twenty eight-days-old Agritech broiler strain, to evaluate the effect of acidifiers on growth performance, organ and carcass characteristics. Four dietary treatments were formulated, using thirty birds per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Each treatment was replicated three times with ten birds per replicate; consisting of T1 (control), T2 (hydrated lime), T3 (citric acid) and T4 (hydrated lime + citric acid). The result showed that final body weight, daily weight gain and daily feed intake were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the dietary treatments, except feed conversion ratio which was not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the diets. The carcass and organ characteristics were significantly (P<0.05) affected by across the dietary treatments except on percentage liver weight (P>0.05). However, the result indicated that combined effect of two acidifiers were better than single effect of an acidifier. Acidifier unlike antibiotics poses no risk of microbial resistance for both livestock and human. It is therefore concluded that combination of the two acidifiers are better and should be used for optimum performance of broiler finishers.
Searching for alternative danazol metabolites via Accurate-Mass by using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight ( LC-QTOF / MS )

Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (QTOF) systems providing high resolution and accurate mass capabilities have been used in the anti-doping field for the last decade. This technology is one of the most powerful tools to investigate new doping agents and markers. LC coupled to an ESI-TOF has been particularly efficient in determining low and high molecular doping-related species in biological matrices. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are usually analyzed by GC techniques with electron impact (EI) ionization, mainly due to the poor proton affinity of most of them, which limits the ionization process by LC systems and results in a loss of sensitivity. Nevertheless, several metabolic studies of AAS have been successfully carried out in the recent years by LC-MS systems, including free compounds, glucuronideor sulfoconjugated AAS metabolites. Danazol (17α-ethynyl-androst-4-en-17β-ol-(2,3-d)-isoxazole) is usually monitored by targeting its metabolites ethisterone (17α-ethynyl-androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one) and 2α-hydroxymethylethisterone (17α-ethynyl-2α-hydroxymethylandrost-4-en17β-ol-3-one). In this work, alternative markers of danazol have been investigated by using a Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (LC-QTOF/MS) system. An excretion study was conducted and all the samples collected were analyzed in positive and negative ionization modes after a simple sample preparation. Several alternative monoand di-hydroxylated metabolites were detected in basic or acidic extractions and MS/MS fragment interpretation was tentatively performed. The detectability over time course using LC-QTOF/MS for each of the species by using excretion curves is also shown.
Recent advances in understanding how rod-like bacteria stably

Cell shape and cell volume are important for many bacterial functions. In recent years, we have seen a range of experimental and theoretical work that led to a better understanding of the determinants of cell shape and size. The roles of different molecular machineries for cell-wall expansion have been detailed and partially redefined, mechanical forces have been shown to influence cell shape, and new connections between metabolism and cell shape have been proposed. Yet the fundamental determinants of the different cellular dimensions remain to be identified. Here, we highlight some of the recent developments and focus on the determinants of rod-like cell shape and size in the well-studied model organisms Escherichia coli and . Bacillus subtilis
Strategic Entrepreneurship with Knowledge Management Capability Base : Study on Small Business of Garment Retail in Bandung Traditional Market West Java Province , Indonesia

To develop and test the Strategic Entrepreneurship Model of Input-Output Process on small businesses by engaging Knowledge Based Theory of the Firm and Creation Theory of Entrepreneurial Action. Creation Theory holds that opportunities and entrepreneurial actions are closely related to entrepreneurship knowledge management. Knowledge Based Theory indicates that the source of Competitive Advantage in a company is the Knowledge Management Capability. Knowledge Management in small businesses is one of the central themes of Third Generation Knowledge Management. The study was conducted with a quantitative approach. The population in this study was taken from garment retail in Bandung traditional market. Subsequently, the sampling was done by a random sampling technique and the data was processed with a Generalized Structured Component Analysis Program. The survey was also carried out on 99 small businesses in 8 garment traditional markets. The results show that Knowledge Management Infrastructure, Knowledge Management Process and Entrepreneurship Orientation are a strategic input in the process of building the capability of small businesses. Knowledge Management Process does not have a significant effect on the Organization Agility while the Entrepreneurship Orientation does give a significant effect on Organization Agility. This suggests that a knowledge which has been processed can not be directly converted into action, furthermore, Entrepreneurship Orientation plays an Important role as a mediating capability for Knowledge Management Capability with Organization Agility which acts as a representation of the entrepreneurial action. The trail in the construction of Organization Agility, Competitive Action and Competitive Advantage shows that the 3 constructions are able to explain the process of entrepreneurial action to achieve such a Competitive Advantage. On the other hand, the Entrepreneurship Orientation could not affect the Competitive Action and Competitive Advantage significantly. This indicates that the capabilities of small businesses can not be directly converted into output, which is for example, the Competitive Advantage. A Knowledge Management Capability-based Strategic Entrepreneurship is broadly supported the opinion of Knowledge Management Implementation and Competitive Advantage achievement by small businesses.
Development of Parachute Simulation Techniques in LS-DYNA ®

Parachute design often relies heavily on historical experimental data, and parachute development frequently requires numerous test campaigns. Although both of these techniques eventually result in successful parachute systems, such an approach will rarely result in any true advance to parachute engineering knowledge. Consequently, an unusually high emphasis is placed on experienced parachute design personnel, and often similar lessons have to be re-learnt over and again. Airborne Systems has been at the forefront of parachute modeling using Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) techniques for the past 7 years. Significant advances have been made in parachute modeling using this powerful technology, many of which have been a direct result of US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center funding and support. This paper presents the current "state of the art" parachute modeling at Airborne Systems using LS-DYNA. It discusses recent advances in simulating parachute performance and areas of future study. It documents fabric material modeling, wind tunnel class parachute analysis, parachute inflation studies, and comparisons with drop test data. A description of the modeling methodology is included as well as the application of the technology in a number of real world parachute applications including the old T-10 and the new T-11 US Army mass tactical assault parachutes.