Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PANERB study: Panitumumab after cetuximab-based regimen failure.

e14000 Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer management (MRCC) has been clearly improved by targeted therapies such as anti-HER1 drugs. The evaluation of the use of targeted therapies in the real world is strategic to assess health politics. OMIT Bretagne-Pays de Loire is a network of private and public cancer centers. Cohorts of patients concerning Folfiri Bevacizumab treatment (Metges et al, ASCO GI 2009), cost of targeted therapies (Grude et al, ASCO GI 2009) and AvastErb study (Metges et al, ESMO 2009) have been previously published in this topic. Panitumumab and cetuximab can be used in MRCC but no series of patients is available to evaluate the use of panitumumab monotherapy (PM) after cetuximab irinotecan based regimen (CIBR) failure. Methods: The aim of this study is to assess the succession of cetuximab and then panitumumab regimens in a homogenous series of kras wild-type unresectable MRCC. Sex, age, localization of the primary, successive chemotherapeutic regimens, toxicities, response rate,.
Pharmacokinetics of efavirenz and treatment of HIV-1 among pregnant women with and without tuberculosis coinfection.

BACKGROUND Pregnancy and tuberculosis treatment or prophylaxis can affect efavirenz pharmacokinetics, maternal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) treatment outcomes, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) risk. METHODS We evaluated a prospective cohort of pregnant, HIV-infected women with and without tuberculosis in Soweto, South Africa. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed at gestation week 37 and during the postpartum period. Efavirenz trough concentrations (Cmin) were predicted using population pharmacokinetic models. HIV-viral load was measured at delivery for mothers and at 6 weeks of age for infants. RESULTS Ninety-seven women participated; 44 had tuberculosis. Median efavirenz Cmin during pregnancy was 1.35 µg/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 0.90-2.07 µg/mL; 27% had an efavirenz Cmin of < 1 µg/mL), compared with a median postpartum value of 2.00 µg/mL (IQR, 1.40-3.59 µg/mL; 13% had an efavirenz Cmin of < 1 µg/mL). A total of 72% of pregnant women with extensive CYP2B6 genotypes had an efavirenz Cmin of <1 µg/mL. Rifampin did not reduce the efavirenz Cmin. Isoniazid (for prophylaxis or treatment), though, reduced the rate of efavirenz clearance. At delivery, median durations of ART were 13 weeks (IQR, 9-18 weeks) and 21 weeks (IQR, 13-64 weeks) for women with and those without tuberculosis, respectively; 55% and 83%, respectively, had a viral load of <20 copies/mL (P = .021). There was 1 case of MTCT. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy increased the risk of low efavirenz concentrations, but MTCT was rare. A detectable HIV-viral load at delivery was more common among pregnant women with tuberculosis, in whom ART was generally initiated later.
BROILER PRODUCTION BY USING POLYHERBAL MEDICATION (NEEM, NISHYINDA, TULSI AND TURMERIC EXTRACT)

The present work was aimed at knowing the effect of polyherbal extracts {neem(N), nishynda(N), tulsi(T) and turmeric(T) i.e. NNTT} as growth promoter at the (i) growth performance of broiler and on the (ii) dressing percentage, relative weight of heart, gizzard, liver, spleen and pancreas of the broiler. A total of 50 day-old broiler chicks were purchased from kazi farms limited and randomly divided in two groups, viz., A and B. Group A served as control and was without any supplementation in drinking water. Whereas group B were supplemented with 1ml of polyherbal (NNTT) extracts per liter drinking water. Live body weight was recorded at on 7th day and the final weight was recorded on 42nd day, total feed consumption, feed efficiency and blood parameters of birds were recorded on 21st day and on 42nd day. The treatment groups i.e. B (1700
Etiologies des décès dans les services d’urgences et de réanimation dans deux hôpitaux de la ville de Yaoundé

ESUME INTRODUCTION : Le but de l’etude etait d’analyser les causes des deces survenant dans les services des urgences et de reanimation, en vue d’ameliorer la qualite de la prise en charge des patients. METHODOLOGIE : Il s’agit d’une etude transversale descriptive retrospective et prospective qui a eu lieu dans les services des urgences et de reanimation de deux hopitaux de Yaounde. Nous avons inclus tous les dossiers des patients decedes dans ces services. RESULTATS : Notre echantillon etait compose de 252 dossiers dont 94 aux urgences et 158 en reanimation. L’âge moyen des sujets etait 42 ± 2,8 ans, la tranche d’âge de 20-40 ans etait predominante. Le sexe feminin representait 53,8 % des cas aux urgences et 52,1 % en reanimation. Le principal motif d’admission etait l’alteration de l’etat de conscience (61,1 % aux urgences et 51,3 % en reanimation). Les pathologies medicales etaient responsables de 84 % des deces aux urgences et 69,9 % en reanimation. L’anemie severe etait incriminee aux urgences dans 19,1 % des cas et l’AVC en reanimation dans 17,7 % des cas. Le taux de deces aux urgences etait de 2,6 % et en reanimation de 7,8 %. CONCLUSION : A Yaounde, la frequence des deces est de 2,6 % aux urgences et de 7,8 % en reanimation. La premiere cause est l’anemie severe aux urgences et l’AVC en reanimation. MOTS CLES : Etiologie ; deces ; urgence ; reanimation. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to analyze the causes of death at the emergency and intensive care units, in order to ameliorate the quality of management patients. METHODS: This was a cross sectional retrospective and prospective study that was carried out at the emergency and intensive care units of two hospitals of Yaounde. We included the medical records of all the deceased patients at these units. RESULTS: We analyzed the medical records of 252 deceased patients of which 94 came from the emergency unit and 158 from the intensive care unit. The mean age was 42±2.8 years; the most represented age group was 20-40 years. Females represented 53.8% of cases at the emergency units and 52.1% at the intensive care units. The reason for admission was impaired consciousness in 61.1% of cases at the emergency units and 51.3% at the intensive care units. Medical pathologies were responsible for 84% of deaths at the emergency and 69.9% at the reanimation unit. Severe anemia was the cause of death at the emergency for 19.1% of cases while stroke was the cause of death at the intensive care units for 17.7% of cases. The death rate was 2.6% at the emergency units and 7.8% at the intensive care units. CONCLUSION: In Yaounde city, the death rate is 2.6% at the emergency units and 7.8% at the intensive care units. Severe anemia is the most frequent cause at the emergency while stroke is the most frequent cause at the reanimation. KEY WORDS: Etiology, Death, Emergency, Reanimation.
Current thyroid cancer trends in the United States.

IMPORTANCE We have previously reported on a doubling of thyroid cancer incidence-largely due to the detection of small papillary cancers. Because they are commonly found in people who have died of other causes, and because thyroid cancer mortality had been stable, we argued that the increased incidence represented overdiagnosis. OBJECTIVE To determine whether thyroid cancer incidence has stabilized. DESIGN Analysis of secular trends in patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer, 1975 to 2009, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and thyroid cancer mortality from the National Vital Statistics System. SETTING Nine SEER areas (SEER 9): Atlanta, Georgia; Connecticut; Detroit, Michigan; Hawaii; Iowa; New Mexico; San Francisco-Oakland, California; Seattle-Puget Sound, Washington; and Utah. PARTICIPANTS Men and women older than 18 years diagnosed as having a thyroid cancer between 1975 and 2009 who lived in the SEER 9 areas. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Thyroid cancer incidence, histologic type, tumor size, and patient mortality. RESULTS Since 1975, the incidence of thyroid cancer has now nearly tripled, from 4.9 to 14.3 per 100,000 individuals (absolute increase, 9.4 per 100,000; relative rate [RR], 2.9; 95% CI, 2.7-3.1). Virtually the entire increase was attributable to papillary thyroid cancer: from 3.4 to 12.5 per 100,000 (absolute increase, 9.1 per 100,000; RR, 3.7; 95% CI, 3.4-4.0). The absolute increase in thyroid cancer in women (from 6.5 to 21.4 = 14.9 per 100,000 women) was almost 4 times greater than that of men (from 3.1 to 6.9 = 3.8 per 100,000 men). The mortality rate from thyroid cancer was stable between 1975 and 2009 (approximately 0.5 deaths per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE There is an ongoing epidemic of thyroid cancer in the United States. The epidemiology of the increased incidence, however, suggests that it is not an epidemic of disease but rather an epidemic of diagnosis. The problem is particularly acute for women, who have lower autopsy prevalence of thyroid cancer than men but higher cancer detection rates by a 3:1 ratio.
Enhanced regional AT2-receptor and PKCε expression during cardioprotection induced by AT1-receptor blockade after reperfused myocardial infarction

We assessed the effects of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1-receptor) blocker, candesartan, (CN, 1 mg/kg i.v. over 30 minutes pre-ischaemia) alone or after intracoronary administration of Ang II type 2 receptor (AT 2-receptor) blocker (PD 123319), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (chelerythrine), endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine or L-NMMA), and bradykinin (BK) -B2 receptor inhibitor (HOE140) on in vivo left ventricular (LV) function and remodelling (echocardiograms/ Doppler) and haemodynamics in 30 dogs with reperfused anterior infarction (90 minutes ischaemia, 120 minutes reperfusion), and ex vivo infarct size, AT1-receptor/AT2-receptor proteins and PKC ε (immunoblots), and cyclic guanosine 3', 5' monophosphate (cGMP, immunoassay). Compared with controls, CN inhibited the Ang II pressor response, reduced LV preload, improved LV systolic and diastolic function, limited LV remodelling, decreased infarct size, and increased AT2-receptor and PKC proteins in the infarct zone (IZ), and these responsesε were abrogated by PD 123319, chelerythrine, L-NMMA and HOE140. In addition, the increase in LV cGMP with CN was attenuated by PD 123319, L-NMMA and HOE140. The overall results suggest that AT2-receptor activation and signalling via BK, PKCε and cGMP contribute to cardioprotection associated with AT1-receptor blockade during ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
Costs of novel tuberculosis diagnostics--will countries be able to afford it?

BACKGROUND Four priority target product profiles for the development of diagnostic tests for tuberculosis were identified: 1) Rapid sputum-based (RSP), 2) non-sputum Biomarker-based (BMT), 3) triage test followed by confirmatory test (TT), and 4) drug-susceptibility testing (DST). METHODS We assessed the cost of the new tests in suitable strategies and of the conventional diagnosis of tuberculosis as per World Health Organization guidelines, in 36 high tuberculosis and MDR burden countries. Costs were then compared to the available funding for tuberculosis at country level. RESULTS Costs of diagnosing tuberculosis using RSP ranged US$93-187 million/year; if RSP unit cost is of US$2-4 it would be lower/similar cost than conventional strategy with sputum smear microscopy (US$ 119 million/year). Using BMT (with unit cost of US$2-4) would cost US$70-121 million/year and be lower/comparable cost than conventional diagnostics. Using TT with TPP characteristics (unit cost of US$1-2) followed by Xpert would reduce diagnostic costs up to US$36 million/year. Costs of using different novel DST strategies for the diagnosis of drug resistance would be higher compared with conventional diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Introducing a TT or a biomarker test with optimal characteristics would be affordable from a cost and affordability perspective at the current available funding for tuberculosis. Additional domestic or donor funding would be needed in most countries to achieve affordability for other new diagnostic tests.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Cell Culture-Derived A/H3N2 Variant Influenza Vaccines: A Phase I Randomized, Observer-Blind, Dose-Ranging Study.

BACKGROUND A/H3N2 variant (H3N2v) influenza may sustain human-to-human transmission, and an available candidate vaccine would be important. METHODS In this phase I, randomized, observer-blind, dose-ranging study, 627 healthy subjects ≥ 3 years of age were randomized to receive 2 vaccinations with H3N2c cell-culture-derived vaccine doses containing 3.75 µg, 7.5 µg, or 15 µg hemagglutinin antigen of H3N2v with or without MF59 (registered trademark of Novartis AG) adjuvant (an oil-in-water emulsion). This paper reports Day 43 planned interim data. RESULTS Single MF59-adjuvanted H3N2c doses elicited immune responses in almost all subjects regardless of antigen and adjuvant dose; the Center for Biologics Evaluation Research and Review (CBER) licensure criteria were met for all groups. Subjects with prevaccination hemagglutination inhibition titers <10 and children 3-<9 years achieve CBER criteria only after receiving 2 doses of nonadjuvanted H3N2c vaccine. Highest antibody titers were observed in the 7.5 µg + 0.25 mL MF59 groups in all age cohorts. MF59-adjuvanted H3N2c vaccines showed the highest rates of solicited local and systemic events, predominately mild or moderate. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of H3N2c vaccine may be immunogenic and supports further development of MF59-adjuvanted H3N2c vaccines, especially for pediatric populations. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01855945 (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01855945).
Validación al español de la escala de cribado del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad en adultos (ASRS v. 1.1):: una nueva estrategia de puntuación

Introduccion. El trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno neuropsiquiatrico frecuente en la edad adulta. Su diagnostico supone un proceso complejo en el que la aplicacion de un instrumento de cribado puede ser de gran utilidad. Objetivo. Analizar la validez del cuestionario autoinformado de cribado del TDAH en adultos ASRS v. 1.1 de seis items, en un contexto clinico ambulatorio. Sujetos y metodos. Se realizo un estudio de casos y controles en el cual participaron 90 pacientes con TDAH y 90 controles sin el. Fueron seleccionados en las consultas ambulatorias hospitalarias de un programa especializado de adultos con TDAH. El diagnostico clinico del trastorno fue realizado mediante la entrevista semiestructurada CAADID. Se analizo la exactitud de la prueba para diferentes formas de puntuacion y puntos de corte. Resultados. Se encuentran optimas caracteristicas psicometricas considerando los items del ASRS v. 1.1 de manera cuantitativa, con un rango de puntuacion entre 0 y 24, estableciendo como punto de corte 12 puntos. Se observaron una sensibilidad del 96,7%, una especificidad del 91,1%, un valor predictivo positivo del 91,6%, un valor predictivo negativo del 96,5%, un indice kappa de 0,78 y un area bajo la curva de 0,94 (odds ratio = 297,3; intervalo de confianza del 95% = 76,2-1.159). Conclusion. El ASRS es un instrumento valido y util para la deteccion de pacientes adultos con TDAH en el contexto clinico ambulatorio.
Reply to cost effectiveness of gene expression profiling for early stage breast cancer

Drs. Reed and Lyman reported receiving research support from Amgen, Inc, and Genomic Health. Dr Reed has acted as a consultant for Abbott Laboratories; Celladon Corporation; Eisai, Inc; and Helsinn Therapeutics (US), Inc and has received research grants from Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc; Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc; Arthritis Foundation; Astellas Pharma, Inc; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Dendreon Corporation; Genomic Health, Inc; Helsinn Therapeutics (US), Inc; and Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Tumors of the pediatric maxillofacial skeleton: a 20-year clinical study.

IMPORTANCE Pediatric jaw tumors are a rare clinical entity and are not well addressed in the otolaryngology literature. It is important that otolaryngologists be familiar with the clinical features, management, and outcomes associated with these lesions. OBJECTIVE To review the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of jaw tumors in children treated at a tertiary care academic center. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective medical record review of children 16 years or younger who presented to the departments of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology at the University of Maryland Medical Center between 1992 and 2012 and were diagnosed as having a jaw tumor. A PubMed review of literature from 1992 to 2013 on jaw tumors in children was also conducted. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Medical records were reviewed for data on symptoms, physical findings, pathologic diagnosis, intervention, and outcomes. RESULTS The medical records of 76 patients evaluated for a jaw mass were reviewed, and 20 were found to have a diagnosis of a jaw tumor. The 2 most common pathologic diagnoses were ameloblastoma (n = 5) and juvenile ossifying fibroma (n = 4). Two tumors were malignant, a rhabdomyosarcoma and a teratoma. Thirteen patients presented with evidence of a mass or swelling, 5 patients were asymptomatic with a lesion found on surveillance panoramic radiography, and 1 patient presented with epistaxis and 1 with facial weakness and pain. All tumors excluding a lymphangioma and a rhabdomyosarcoma were managed surgically. Eight patients underwent more than 1 procedure including secondary reconstruction prior to a satisfactory outcome. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Pediatric jaw tumors are rare lesions most commonly presenting with a swelling or mass. Patients can be asymptomatic with the lesion identified on routine imaging. Certain clinical features such as age, location of tumor, and presence or absence of bone and soft tissue can narrow the differential diagnosis and identify tumors that may be malignant. Incisional biopsy is an important first step. A majority of jaw tumors are benign but require surgical intervention for eradication of disease. Multiple procedures, including reconstruction, may be required for certain lesions prior to cure.
VHR/DUSP3 phosphatase: structure, function and regulation

Vaccinia H1‐related (VHR) phosphatase, also known as dual‐specificity phosphatase (DUSP) 3, is a small member of the DUSP (also called DSP) family of phosphatases. VHR has a preference for phospho‐tyrosine substrates, and has important roles in cellular signaling ranging from cell‐cycle regulation and the DNA damage response to MAPK signaling, platelet activation and angiogenesis. VHR/DUSP3 has been implicated in several human cancers, where its tumor‐suppressing and ‐promoting properties have been described. We give a detailed overview of VHR/DUSP3 phosphatase and compare it with its most closely related phosphatases DUSP13B, DUSP26 and DUSP27.
Mortality Risk After AIDS-Defining Opportunistic Illness Among HIV-Infected Persons--San Francisco, 1981-2012.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether improved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment was associated with better survival after diagnosis of AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses (AIDS-OIs) and how survival differed by AIDS-OI. DESIGN We used HIV surveillance data to conduct a survival analysis. METHODS We estimated survival probabilities after first AIDS-OI diagnosis among adult patients with AIDS in San Francisco during 3 treatment eras: 1981-1986; 1987-1996; and 1997-2012. We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine adjusted mortality risk by AIDS-OI in the years 1997-2012. RESULTS Among 20 858 patients with AIDS, the most frequently diagnosed AIDS-OIs were Pneumocystis pneumonia (39.1%) and Kaposi sarcoma (20.1%). Overall 5-year survival probability increased from 7% in 1981-1986 to 65% in 1997-2012. In 1997-2012, after adjustment for known confounders and using Pneumocystis pneumonia as the referent category, mortality rates after first AIDS-OI were highest for brain lymphoma (hazard ratio [HR], 5.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.98-8.87) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (HR, 4.22; 95% CI, 2.49-7.17). CONCLUSIONS Survival after first AIDS-OI diagnosis has improved markedly since 1981. Some AIDS-OIs remain associated with substantially higher mortality risk than others, even after adjustment for known confounders. Better prevention and treatment strategies are still needed for AIDS-OIs occurring in the current HIV treatment era.
Expression of IgA Proteases by Haemophilus influenzae in the Respiratory Tract of Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin (Ig)A proteases of Haemophilus influenzae are highly specific endopeptidases that cleave the hinge region of human IgA1 and also mediate invasion and trafficking in human respiratory epithelial cells, facilitating persistence of H. influenzae. Little is known about the expression of IgA proteases in clinical settings of H. influenzae infection. METHODS We identified and characterized IgA protease genes in H. influenzae and studied their expression and proteolytic specificity, in vitro and in vivo in 169 independent strains of H. influenzae collected longitudinally over 10 years from adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RESULTS The H. influenzae pangenome has 2 alleles of IgA protease genes; all strains have igaA, and 40% of strains have igaB. Each allele has 2 variants with differing proteolytic specificities for human IgA1. A total of 88% of 169 strains express IgA protease activity. Expression of the 4 forms of IgA protease varies among strains. Based on the presence of IgA1 fragments in sputum samples, each of the different forms of IgA protease is selectively expressed in the human airways during infection. CONCLUSIONS Four variants of IgA proteases are variably expressed by H. influenzae during infection of the human airways.
Cytomegalovirus- and Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced T-Cell Expansions in Young Children Do Not Impair Naive T-cell Populations or Vaccination Responses: The Generation R Study.

BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induce effector memory T-cell expansions, which are variable and potentially depend on the age at primary exposure and coinfections. We evaluated the T-cell compartment and herpesvirus infections in 6-year-old children. METHODS T-cell subsets and immunoglobulin G seropositivity for CMV, EBV, herpes-simplex virus 1, and varicella-zoster virus were studied in 1079 6-year-old children. A random subgroup of 225 children was evaluated for CMV and EBV seropositivity before 2 years of age and for vaccination responses against measles and tetanus. RESULTS CMV and EBV infections were associated with significant expansions of CD27(-) and CD27(+) effector memory T cells, respectively. These expansions were enhanced in CMV-EBV-coinfected children and were independent of varicella-zoster virus or herpes-simplex virus 1 coinfection. Naive and central memory T-cell numbers were not affected, nor were anti-tetanus and anti-measles immunoglobulin G levels. Children infected before 2 years of age showed smaller effector memory T-cell expansions than those infected between 2 and 6 years of age. CONCLUSIONS CMV- and EBV-related T-cell expansions do not impair naive T-cell numbers or maintenance of protective responses against nonrelated pathogens. Duration of infection was not directly related to larger expansions of effector memory T cells in children, suggesting that other mechanisms affect these expansions at later age.