Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Productive response of hair ewes crossed with Damara and Dorper and growth of their lambs

Profitability of sheep production depends on the reproductive response of ewes and growth of their lambs, which can be improved through the ram genotype. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive response of Blackbelly (Bb), Pelibuey (Pb), Katahdin (Kat) and Dorper (Dor) ewes crossed with Damara (Dam) and Dor rams and the growth of their offspring. To measure percentage of single and multiple lambings (MLP), 234 Bb, Pb, Kat and Dor ewes were used. To measure lamb growth, the offspring of 86 Bb x Pb (BbPb) ewes and 73 Kat x Dor (KatDOR) ewes were used. Four Dor x BbPb, six Dam x BbPb and six Dam x KatDor lambs were slaughtered for carcass assessment. MLP was analyzed with the CATMOD procedure considering the factors age and breed. Lamb growth data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure, and those of carcass characteristics with the GLM procedure of SAS, using weight at slaughter as covariable. MLP was higher (P<0.05) in Bb than in Dor. The Dor x BbPb lambs were heavier (P<0.05) at birth than Dam x BbPb. Of the lambs from single and multiple births, the KatDor lambs were heavier (P<0.05) at birth than BbPb lambs. The female lambs of Dor rams had higher (P<0.05) weight gain after weaning than those of Dam rams. Carcass dressing, subcutaneous fat, and primal cut yield were not different (P>0.05) by effect of ram breed. It is concluded that Bb ewes are more prolific than Dor ewes; male lambs of Dam rams had post-weaning growth response and carcass yield similar to those of Dor rams, although the female lambs of Dor rams were heavier than those of Dam rams.
Acute ischemic stroke treatments beyond the three- hour mark of tissue plasminogen activator

Objective: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the mainstay treatment for patients presenting within three hours of ischemic stroke symptom onset, though many patients are not candidates for its use. This review examined recanalization treatments for patients presenting beyond three hours from symptom onset. Method: Clinical trials published in English between 1995 and 2008 were identified using MEDLINE, PubMed, and EBSCO. Results: A review of the literature revealed few feasible options in treating patients with acute ischemic stroke beyond three hours of symptom onset due to poor patient outcomes or prohibitive costs. Practitioners await results from ongoing trials, like the IMS III evaluating intra-arterial tPA. ECASS I, ECASS II, ATLANTIS, ASK, MAST-E, MAST-I, AbESTT I and AbESTT II revealed mostly disappointing results. Conclusion: Future research is needed due to varying trial outcomes and the considerable need for treatments options in patients presenting past three hours of ischemic stroke symptom onset.
Morphometric analysis of the mud crab Hexapanopeus paulensis Rathbun, 1930 (Decapoda, Xanthoidea) from the southeastern coast of Brazil

In this study, we estimated the size at onset of maturity (carapace width, CW50) and analyzed the relative growth of some body parts and the heterochely of the mud crab Hexapanopeus paulensis. A total of 800 crabs were collected, from January 1998 to December 1999, on the southeastern coast of Brazil. Each specimen was sexed and measured. CW50 was estimated to be 6.7 mm in males and 6.3 mm in females. Carapace length growth was negatively allometric in both sexes. Cheliped length and height was positively allometric for both males and females. Gonopod growth was isometric (b = 1) and negatively allometric (b 1) for both juvenile and adult females. In males and females, the right cheliped was larger and higher than the left cheliped. Such heterochely may be related to the feeding habits of H. paulensis. Most xanthoid crabs, including the studied species, feed upon mollusks with dextral shells, which require complicated handling. In this sense, the heterochely in H. paulensis might facilitate the food manipulation.
Tropospheric photooxidation of CF 3 CH 2 CHO and CF 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CHO initiated by Cl atoms and OH radicals

Abstract. The absolute rate coefficients for the tropospheric reactions of chlorine (Cl) atoms and hydroxyl (OH) radicals with CF3CH2CHO and CF3(CH2)2CHO were measured as a function of temperature (263–371 K) and pressure (50–215 Torr of He) by pulsed UV laser photolysis techniques. Vacuum UV resonance fluorescence was employed to detect and monitor the time evolution of Cl atoms. Laser induced fluorescence was used in this work for the detection of OH radicals as a function of reaction time. No pressure dependence of the bimolecular rate coefficients, kCl and kOH, was found at all temperatures. At room temperature kCl and kOH were (in 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1): kCl(CF3CH2CHO) = (1.55±0.53); kCl(CF3(CH2)2CHO) = (3.39±1.38); kCl(CF3CH2CHO) = (0.259±0.050); kCl(CF3(CH2)2CHO) = (1.28±0.24). A slightly positive temperature dependence of kCl was observed for CF3CH2CHO and CF3(CH2)2CHO, and kOH(CF3CH2CHO). In contrast, kOH(CF3(CH2)2CHO) did not exhibit a temperature dependence over the range investigated. Arrhenius expressions for these reactions were: kCl(CF3CH2CHO) = (4.4±1.0)×10−11 exp{−(316±68)/T} cm3 molecule−1 s−1 kCl(CF3(CH2)2CHO) = (2.9±0.7)×10−10 exp{−(625±80)/T} cm3 molecule−1 s−1 kOH(CF3CH2CHO) = (7.8±2.2)×10−12 exp{−(314±90)/T} cm3 molecule−1 s−1 The atmospheric impact of the homogeneous removal by OH radicals and Cl atoms of these fluorinated aldehydes is discussed in terms of the global atmospheric lifetimes, taking into account different degradation pathways. The calculated lifetimes show that atmospheric oxidation of CF3(CH2)x CHO are globally dominated by OH radicals, however reactions initiated by Cl atoms can act as a source of free radicals at dawn in the troposphere.
Modeling a regime shift in a kelp-forest ecosystem caused by a lobster range expansion

The South African West Coast rock lobster, Jasus lalandii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837), has expanded its range to the southeast, where its abundance has increased radically. The ecological consequences of this "invasion" are likely to be considerable. We employed a minimally realistic model to simulate the "invasion" and to explore interactions of J. lalandii with the sea urchin, Parechinus angulosus (Leske, 1778), and the abalone, Haliotis midae Linnaeus, 1758, juveniles of which shelter beneath this urchin. Model fits to empirical data were good, although species-interaction terms were difficult to estimate. Base-case trajectories indicated: (1) Lobster biomass peaked at about 1000 t in 1994 and was then reduced by fishing to a stable value approximately 50% lower by 2008. (2) Urchins remained close to carrying capacity in "noninvaded" areas but collapsed to local extinction by 1997 in the invaded area. (3) Abalone declined over 2000-2008 in noninvaded areas because of illegal fishing and collapsed to near zero in the "invaded" area because of illegal fishing combined with increased lobster abundance. Sensitivity analyses favored the hypothesis that the invasion was due to adult immigration rather than larval recruitment. Modeled 50-yr projections indicated that urchins will remain locally extinct in the invaded area, even 50 yrs into the future. The abalone collapse in the invaded area would persist >50 yrs, even if lobsters were absent. We argue that the lobster "invasion" triggered an alternative stable state, making a return to pre-invasion conditions unlikely.
Variation in Milk Fatty Acid Composition with Body Condition in Dairy Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Buffaloes usually maintain higher body condition and do not produce milk at the cost of their own body reserves under tropical conditions. The mobilization of body reserves for fulfilling the demands of lactation has been extensively studied in dairy cows while limited work is available on this aspect in dairy buffaloes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine variations in milk fatty acid profiles with body condition in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. A total of 24 Nili-Ravi buffaloes within 60 days after parturition, were selected from a private dairy farm in the district of Peshawar. All animals consumed the same diet during the experimental period. A total of 576 raw milk samples were collected for laboratory analysis. The study continued up to 6 months during 2008. Body condition score (BCS), milk yield and composition were recorded once a week. Means for milk fatty acid profile were compared for various levels of BCS. The mean milk yield and fat content were 9.28 kg/d and 5.36%, respectively. The total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were 64.22 g/100 g and the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were 35.79 g/100 g. Of the SFA the highest amount was recorded for , followed by , and . The total sum of hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (HCFA, , and ) was 43.33 g/100 g. The concentrations of UFA were greater for moderate BCS followed by poor and highest BCS while SFA showed the opposite trend. The correlation analysis showed that milk yield was negatively affected by BCS and milk fat positively affected, though non-significantly. The present study suggests that Nili-Ravi dairy buffaloes produce similar milk to dairy cows regarding availability of cardioprotective fatty acids, with the highest concentration of . Two HCFA ( and ) were associated with higher body condition. Buffaloes with moderate body condition yielded milk containing healthier fatty acids.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WEB OF NEPHILA CLA VIPES (ARANEAE, ARANEIDAE)

The orb web of Nephila clavipes has been fractionated into a water soluble and water insoluble fraction. The former contained K* (1.8%), ÷ (0.5%), an d ninhydrin re active am ines (20.6%) of original web weight. The ninhydrin reactive amines were mainly glycine and a gamma-aminobutyric acid related compound. The water insoluble fraction (fibroin) was digested with trypsin into a soluble and insoluble fraction. Amino acid analysis suggested that the trypsin insoluble fraction derived from the large ampullate gland and thus represents the radial fibers and hub spiral. These observations are compared to those previously made for Argiope aurantfa and Argiope tri fas cia ta.
Compensated fragmentation processes and limits of dilated fragmentations

A new class of fragmentation-type random processes is introduced, in which, roughly speaking, the accumulation of small dislocations which would instantaneously shatter the mass into dust, is compensated by an adequate dilation of the components. An important feature of these compensated fragmentations is that the dislocation measure $\nu$ which governs their evolutions has only to fulfill the integral condition $\int_{\mathit{p}}$ (1-$\mathit{p}_{1}$)$^{2}\nu$(d$\mathbf{p}$ < $\infty$, where $\mathbf{p}$ = ($\mathit{p}_{1}$,…) denotes a generic mass-partition. This is weaker than the necessary and sufficient condition $\int_{\mathit{p}}$ (1-$\mathit{p}_{1}$)$^{2}\nu$(d$\mathbf{p}$ < $\infty$ for $\nu$ to be the dislocation measure of a homogeneous fragmentation. Our main results show that such compensated fragmentations naturally arise as limits of homogeneous dilated fragmentations, and bear close connections to spectrally negative Levy processes.
Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Bovine Myogenic Satellite Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation in Myotube

Myogenic satellite cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that activate and differentiate into myotubes. These stem cells are multipotent as they transdifferentiate into adipocyte-like cells, nerve cells and osteocytes. The effects of steroid hormones (E 2 and testosterone) were studied as a further step toward understanding the mechanism of MSCs proliferation and differentiation. In this study, MSCs were grown continuously for 87 days, implying that there may be a group of MSCs that continue to proliferate rather than undergoing differentiation. Isolated MSCs were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with adult male, female or castrated bovine serum to observe the effect of steroid hormones on MSC proliferation. Cell proliferation was the highest in cultures supplemented with male serum followed by female and castrated serum. The positive effect of male hormone on MSC proliferation was confirmed by the observation of testosterone-mediated increased proliferation of cells cultured in medium supplemented with castrated serum. Furthermore, steroid hormone treatment of MSCs increased lipid accumulation in myotubes. Oil-Red-O staining showed that 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) treatment avidly increased lipid accumulation, followed by E 2 +testosterone and testosterone alone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of lipid accumulation in myotubes due to steroids in the absence of an adipogenic environment, and the effect of steroid hormones on cell proliferation using different types of adult bovine serum, a natural hormonal system. In conclusion, we found that sex steroids affect MSCs proliferation and differentiation, and lipid accumulation in myotubes.
Water Security and Local People Sensitivity to Climate Variability and Change Among Coastal Communities in Zanzibar

This paper presents one part of a larger, multidimensional study on the vulnerability of Zanzibar coastal communities to climate change and other stressors, focusing on water insecurity in two sites on the Zanzibar coast. Water security is composed of three components, namely water availability, water accessibility and the quality of available water. Findings from the study showed that water from wells is the major source of household water since tap water supply is often erratic. Farming systems are completely rain-fed, while some livestock owners use coral caves as the main source of water for their animals. Water quality is a major challenge along the coast as the majority of wells and coral caves in the study sites contain hard water with varying levels of salinity. A diversity of physical and social factors such as variability in water supply infrastructure, settlement structure, poverty, geology and geohydrology, variability in supply and poor water resource management adversely interact with local climate phenomena such as sea level rise, salt water incursion and drought to intensify water insecurity along the Zanzibar coast. Among the policy options to address these challenges would be to promote rainwater harvesting and increased utilisation of underground water for irrigation in the dry areas in order to increase agricultural production and reduce poverty.
Investigating the Ergogenic Potential of Ischemic Preconditioning and Resisted Running on Sprint Performance

INVESTIGATING THE ERGOGENIC POTENTIAL OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING AND RESISTED RUNNING ON SPRINT PERFORMANCE Kyle Michael Arrindell Thompson University of Guelph, 2017 Advisors: Dr. Jamie Burr Dr. Lawrence Spriet Two pre-competition protocols were constructed based on physiological principles related to muscle contractile properties and ischemia-induced metabolic and neural changes. Sprint times over 0-20 m were used to assess the effectiveness of these protocols, which were designed to potentially provide an acute performance-enhancing effect. Highlytrained sprinters were recruited for both studies (Study 1, n = 20; Study 2, n = 18), as this cohort of athletes exhibits minimal inter-sprint variation, allowing changes in performance to be more confidently attributed to the intervention under examination. Neither the resisted sprinting (3, 20 m sprints running against a load equal to ~ 40 % body mass) or ischemic pre-conditioning protocol (3 x 5 min occlusion) acutely affected sprint performance. These findings indicate that the intensity of the resisted sprint protocol and manner in which the ischemic pre-conditioning protocol was performed provided an insufficient pre-competition stimulus to elicit improvements in sprint performance.
Stock Returns and the Cross-Section of Characteristics: A Tree-Based Approach

We build regression trees to determine which firm characteristics are most likely to drive future returns. Out of 30 attributes, those related to momentum appear to have, by far, the most marked impact. This prominence is verified at the sector level as well. The second order effects are propelled by volatility and liquidity variables. Finally, we show that a realistic portfolio strategy based on the short-term RSI characteristic outperforms the naive 1/N portfolio by 2.4% per annum, once the transaction costs have been taken into account. One possible explanation for these higher returns is the immunity of the strategy to the momentum crash phenomenon.
Transformational-Transactional Leadership and Organizational Cynicism Perception: Physical Education and Sport Teachers Sample

The purpose of this study was to find out the transformational and transactional leadership and organizational cynicism perceptions of physical education and sports teachers. The sample of the study consists of 70 physical education teachers chosen randomly who were working in schools of Turkey during the 2017-2018 Academic year. Personal information form, transformational and transactional leadership scale and organizational cynicism scale were used in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data obtained from the study. Kurtosis and Skewness values were found to show whether the variables of the study were normally distributed and t-test was used for paired comparisons, while Anova test was used for the comparison of more than two independent groups. According to the results of the study physical education teachers were found to have higher perceptions of transformational leadership when compared with transactional leadership and they were found to have moderate levels of organizational cynicism. While significant difference was found between transformational and transactional leadership styles and the variable of gender; no significant difference was found between gender and organizational cynicism sub-dimensions. Another result of the study was that no significant difference was found between the variables of type of school teachers worked in, age and school graduated from and organizational cynicism sub dimensions, transformational and transactional leadership styles. Also significant difference was found between the variable of teachers' professional seniority and cognitive dimension, affective dimension and behavioural dimension.
Ocean biogeochemistry in the warm climate of the late Paleocene

Abstract. The late Paleocene is characterized by warm and stable climatic conditions that served as the background climate for the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~55 million years ago). With respect to feedback processes in the carbon cycle, the ocean biogeochemical background state is of major importance for projecting the climatic response to a carbon perturbation related to the PETM. Therefore, we use the Hamburg Ocean Carbon Cycle model (HAMOCC), embedded in the ocean general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, MPIOM, to constrain the ocean biogeochemistry of the late Paleocene. We focus on the evaluation of modeled spatial and vertical distributions of the ocean carbon cycle parameters in a long-term warm steady-state ocean, based on a 560 ppm CO2 atmosphere. Model results are discussed in the context of available proxy data and simulations of pre-industrial conditions. Our results illustrate that ocean biogeochemistry is shaped by the warm and sluggish ocean state of the late Paleocene. Primary production is slightly reduced in comparison to the present day; it is intensified along the Equator, especially in the Atlantic. This enhances remineralization of organic matter, resulting in strong oxygen minimum zones and CaCO3 dissolution in intermediate waters. We show that an equilibrium CO2 exchange without increasing total alkalinity concentrations above today's values is achieved. However, consistent with the higher atmospheric CO2, the surface ocean pH and the saturation state with respect to CaCO3 are lower than today. Our results indicate that, under such conditions, the surface ocean carbonate chemistry is expected to be more sensitive to a carbon perturbation (i.e., the PETM) due to lower CO32− concentration, whereas the deep ocean calcite sediments would be less vulnerable to dissolution due to the vertically stratified ocean.
Dividend Policy and Firm Valuation—A Study of Indian Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Industry

Dividend policy relevance has been researched extensively, but little consensus has been built from the findings. There are many factors that affect a given firm’s dividend policy which can be found in the literature such as risk faced by the firm, cash flow situation of the firm, agency costs etc. According to Bhattacharya (1979) dividend decision of a firm can be seen as a source of signal which shows that profitable firms with good project investment opportunities will pay higher dividends to present themselves distinct from other firms which are having projects with lesser profits. This paper attempts to analyze whether the dividend policy of a firm affects the market value of a firm and the shareholders’ wealth. We have set our objective to find out the impact of dividend policy on the shareholders’ wealth in the Indian electrical equipment manufacturing industry. For this, we have adopted a sample of dividend paying electrical machinery manufacturing companies listed in Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). There were totally 439 companies in the industry of electrical machinery manufacturing. Out of them 194 companies were listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and there were 72 companies paying dividends frequently. Therefore the data of these 72 companies were taken into consideration. Our study revealed the empirical evidence with some of the dividend irrelevance theories such as M&M. The results indicate that there is a negative non-linear association between market value of a share and the dividend yields.
The evolution of electron current sheet and formation of secondary islands in guide field reconnection

Two-dimensional (2-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are performed to investigate the evolution of the electron current sheet (ECS) in guide field reconnection. The ECS is formed by electrons accelerated by the inductive electric field in the vicinity of the X line, which is then extended along the x direction due to the imbalance between the electric field force and Ampere force. The tearing instability is unstable when the ECS becomes sufficiently long and thin, and several seed islands are formed in the ECS. These tiny islands may coalesce and form a larger secondary island in the center of the diffusion region.