Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yield of soybean, pasture and wood in integrated crop-livestock-forest system in Northwestern Paraná state, Brazil.

The integrated crop- livestock-forest system can enhance the production of soybeans, meat and wood in regions characterized by sandy soils and warm climate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of soybean, Urochloa ruziziensis grass and eucalyptus in an integrated system during the first four years after the establishment of eucalyptus in the northwestern region of Parana state, Brazil. The experiment was established in October 2009, using soybean (summer) -U. ruziziensis (autumn/winter) succession between single rows of Corymbia maculata (eucalyptus species). The spacing between tree rows and eucalyptus plants in the row were 14 and 4.2 m, respectively. Adjacent plots had the same soybean-U. ruziziensis succession, but without eucalyptus. The spatial variability of soybean grain yields and grass shoot dry matter production was evaluated with and without trees, and the data was analyzed using geostatistics, with the results expressed as spatial variability maps. The tree component did not significantly affect soybean yield in the first two growing seasons. In the 3rd and 4th growing season (2011/12 and 2012/13), the interference of eucalyptus reduced the soybean grain yield by 2.9 and 27.0%, respectively, and the effect was stronger close to the tree rows. In July 2012, the tree component reduced the shoot dry matter productivity of U. ruziziensis by 29.2%. At 19 and 35 months after eucalyptus planting, the cumulative wood volume production was 0.73 and 5.17 m3 ha-1, respectively.
Single-person Drill for Tsunami Evacuation and Disaster Education

Urgent issues of tsunami risk reduction on the residents’ side after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake can be summarized as, i) residents inclined to depend on disaster experts and governmental agencies, ii) they had been put on a subordinate position and, iii) their activities such as evacuation drill had scarcely been discussed once again after implementation. To cope with these issues, this study suggested a new approach called “single-person drill” which specifically emphasized personal individuals’ behavior. Results of each evacuation case were edited in the form of “multi-screen movie” that has been made by a TV program-making company. By doing single-person drill, residents, who are the eventual evacuees during tsunami evacuation, could gradually develop their abilities to get apart from dependency situations. Meanwhile, by checking the advantages and disadvantages in their practices with “multi-screen movie”, residents can become more aware of tsunami risks, which could motivate them to consider efficient strategies actively. In addition, since school children have participated in the drill by actually supporting the evacuees, disaster education was improved concurrently with intergenerational risk communication. Activities of both the tsunami evacuation and the disaster education are expected to make contributes to tsunami risk reduction.
Momentum flux associated with gravity waves in the low-latitude troposphere

Abstract. The vertical fluxes of horizontal momentum at tropospheric heights are calculated for four days, 25–28 August 1999. The mean zonal wind during these days show the presence of strong westward wind at the upper troposphere. Both the symmetric beam radar method and the power spectral method of evaluation of vertical flux of zonal and meridional momentum shows nearly the same result for quiet conditions. The temporal evolution of the momentum flux is estimated for a day with strong zonal shear and convection. These results indicate that on 28 August 1999, the strong downward vertical wind in the lower altitude range is associated with upward vertical flux of zonal momentum, and strong upward vertical wind is associated with downward vertical flux. Similarly, the strong shear in zonal wind is associated with the increase in negative values in vertical flux in the upper troposphere. Analysis of the role of wave periods in the transport of momentum flux indicates that the vertical momentum flux magnitude is not evenly distributed in all wave periods, but instead it peaks at certain wave periods in the range 10 to 100 min. Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (convective process; tropical meteorology; precipitation)
Which Cooperative Ownership Model Performs Better? A Financial-Decision Aid Approach

In this article the financial/ownership structures of agribusiness cooperatives are analyzed to examine whether new cooperative models perform better than the more traditional ones. The assessment procedure introduces a new financial decision-aid approach, which is based on data-analysis techniques in combination with a preference ranking organization method of enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE II). The application of this multicriteria decision-aid approach allows the rank ordering of cooperatives based on the most prominent financial ratios. The financial ratios were selected using principal component analysis. This analytical procedure reduces the dimensionality of large numbers of interrelated financial performance measures. We assess the financial success of Dutch agribusiness cooperatives for the period 1999–2010. Results show that there is no clear-cut evidence that cooperative models used to attract extra members’ investments and/or outside equity perform better than the more traditional models. This suggests that ownership structure of cooperatives is not always a decisive factor for their financial success.
Self-Similar Processes in Communications Networks

This paper reviews and discusses the known definitions and properties of second-order self-similar discrete-time processes and supplements them with some more general conditions of self-similarity. A model for ATM cell traffic is presented and self-similarity conditions of this model are found. This study is motivated by observations that traffic in many real communication networks is self-similar in nature.
Some Characterizations of Rectifying Curves in the Euclidean Space E4

In this paper, we define a rectifying curve in the Euclidean 4-space as a curve whose position vector always lies in orthogonal complement N\perp of its principal normal vector field N. In particular, we study the rectifying curves in E4 and characterize such curves in terms of their curvature functions.
Divine Competition: Religious Organisations and Service Provision in India

This paper examines religious and non-religious service provision by religious organisations in India. We present a stylized Hotelling-style model in which two religious organisations differentiate hemselves on the strength of religious beliefs in order to compete in attracting adherents. We show in the model two central predictions: first,that the organisations will differentiate themselves on the strength of religious beliefs. Second, that in equilibrium, economic inequality makes the organisations increase their provision of non-religious services. To test this, we present unique primary survey dataon the economics of religion, collected by us between 2006 and 2010 from 568 Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh and Jain religious organisations spread across 7 Indian states. We use these data to demonstrate that the organisations have substantially increasedtheir provision of non-religious services. We also provide quantitative evidence based oneconometric testing to highlight that religious organisations are differenting themselves on the strength of religious beliefs with respect to other organisations, and are also providing higher education and health services as economic inequality increases in India.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Partisipatif Kepala Sekolah, Motivasi Kerja Guru, dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Wonosobo

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh variabel gaya kepemimpinan partisipatif kepala sekolah, motivasi kerja guru, dan budaya organisasi secara sendiri-sendiri dan bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Wonosobo. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex post facto. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Wonosobo. Ukuran sampel penelitian yang berjumlah 118 guru, dipilih berdasarkan teknik proportional sampling. Penyusunan instrumen dibuat dalam bentuk angket, dengan jawaban berskala 1-4, terdiri atas 54 butir. Butir instrumen yang dipakai untuk mengumpulkan data adalah yang memenuhi syarat analisis konstruk dan berstatus sahih. Reliabilitasnya dihitung dengan teknik alfa cronbach. Analisis data menggunakan teknik regresi sederhana dan regresi ganda untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian. Hasil penelitian membuktikan: (1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan gaya kepemimpinan partisipatif kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru (p<0,05) dan memberikan sumbangan sebesar 18,9%, (2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan motivasi kerja guru terhadap kinerja guru (p<0,05) dan memberikan sumbangan sebesar 20,2%, (3) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja guru (p<0,05) dan memberikan sumbangan sebesar 11,7%, (4) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, motivasi kerja guru, dan budaya organisasi secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru (p<0,05) dan memberikan sumbangan sebesar 38,9%. Hal ini berarti jika gaya kepemimpinan partisipatif kepala sekolah, motivasi kerja guru, dan budaya organisasi ditingkatkan kualitasnya, maka akan berpengaruh dan memberikan sumbangan terhadap kinerja guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Wonosobo.
Pollen and Anther Development in Ziziphus jujuba L. (Rhamnaceae)

The Ziziphus jujuba belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. This tree is commonly found in the Mediterranean region. The current study uses Z.jujuba lam.var spinosus Bge as an example. The tree has small green-yellow flowers with short peduncles (1 to 5 mm) and cymes, which are located beside the leaves. These flowers contain 5 sepals which are triangular and flat, 5 tiny, separated petals, and 5 stamens. Young buds and flowers of Ziziphus jujuba L. were removed at different stages (tiny buds to mature flowers, in 4 sizes) and fixed in FAA, embedded in paraffin and sliced at 7 – 10 μm. Staining was carried out with PAS and contrasted with Hematoxylin. The generative meristems, buds, anther and pollen development were studied after staining by light microscope. Result showed that the slices of the generative meristems have Tunica and Corpus; they are very active, their cells are divided and because of that, meristems are massive and protruding. The surface layers of generative meristem, is called sporangiare meristem and the lower parts of them are less staining which is receptacle meristem, with division of generative meristem, floral structural components, such as bracts, sepal and stamen primordia are determined. the next step, after the stamen are formed, then due to the activity of peripheral sporangiare meristem the petals are also formed opposite the stamen and the final stage, ovary primordium is formed, in more advanced stages respectively, from outside to inside the sepals. Petal primordia, stamen primordia and ovary primordium are detectable. Result showed that un-differentiated anther is ovoid and tetrasporangiated. The anther wall development follows the dicotyledonous type, which is composed of epidermal layer, endothelial layer, one middle layer and then a plasmodial type tapetum layer. The tapetal cells are uniseriate uni or bi-nucleate and the microspore tetrads are tetragonal. Pollen grains are spherical, tricolporate and are shed at a bicellular stage. The nucleus is then divided by the mitosis into two nuclei, small generative and large vegetative nuclei that’s why they are called bi-nucleated pollen grain which at last will be two-cell pollen grains are spherical, tricolporate and shed at a bicellular stage.
Great Teacher Creates Effective Learning Environment: A Study through IIUM Nursing Students’ Eyes

Learning environment in the universities plays an important role in producing highly competent graduates especially in nursing profession. Thus, the most important aspects are the teaching activities and as well as student – teacher interaction in daily environment in the university. To investigate the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) nursing students experience towards their teachers and to identify the relationship between teaching and students learning perception in their learning environment. This study used quantitative method and utilized two out of five subscales in Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measurement (DREEM). The subscales used were students’ perception of learning (SPoL) , students’ perception of teacher (SPoT) and total items in these both subscales are 12 and 11 items, respectively. The questionnaire results revealed that IIUM nursing students scored 28.54/48.00 in (SPoL) and 28.13/44.00 in (SPoT). Both findings showed the IIUM nursing students’ experience their teachers and the learning environment are moving in towards positive directions. The regression finding was 51% of the total variation in students’ perception of teacher score was explained by students’ perception of learning. Although the overall subscales (SPoL) score in the current study falls in the category of a more positive perception, 2 out of 12 items were poorly scored by the IIUM nursing students. The researcher strongly agrees that listening to the expression of students is an important consideration for an educational institution. The overall mean score for (SPoT) showed that the students perceived their teachers as moving in the right direction. In this present IIUM study, one item showed a mean score of less then 2.00. As a result, these two subscales most probably should reflect the same outcome such as in their academic performance and experience greatly during their student life on campus. The arising issues from this DREEM study at IIUM embrace the need for the creation of supportive environment as well as designing and implementing interventions to remedy unsatisfactorily elements of the learning environment for more effective and successful teaching and learning to be realised.
Experimental immunology Effect of tylosin and prebiotics on the level of cytokines and lymphocyte immunophenotyping parameters in calves

Introduction: Antibiotic growth promotants (AGP) were applied until December 31, 2005 and it is now prohibited in EU. Therefore new alternatives are intensively searched in livestock nutrition. Among them, an important part plays natural compounds, such as probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotic with potential immuneprofitable properties. Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of tylosin and prebiotics (β-glucans and mannan-ologosaccharides ) added into the traditional ruminant feed on the level of selected cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-α) and alternation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in calves (T, Th, Ts/c, B lymphocyte subsets i.e. CD2 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , WC4 + cells, respectively). Material and Methods: The calves were divided into three groups. The animals in group I were fed feedingstuffs with tylosin, in group II with the same feed suplemented with prebiotics and group III – control group (the feed without this addition). The experiment was carried out by 7 weeks and blood samples from calves were taken twice a week. The concentrations of cytokines were estimated by using ELISA test and biological methods. Immunophenothyping of lymphocytes were performed by using flow cytometry (FCM). Results: The received results indicate, that prebiotics caused the significant increase of the cytokine levels and percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations in compared with the control animals. This effect was also recorded in calves treated with tylosin, however the changes were not as unequivocall and their intensity was less expressed.
Production of annual winter forage sown before and after soybean harvest under different nitrogen fertilization levels

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect on forage yield of sowing winter forage species before and after soybean harvest, at different nitrogen application levels. The experiment was set out in a randomized block design with a strip-split plot arrangement, and three replicates. Sowing methods (18 days before soybean harvest and six days after soybean harvest) were allocated in the main plots, and the combination among forage species (Avena strigosa cv. IAPAR 61 + Lolium multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Vicia villosa; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Raphanus sativus; and L. multiflorum) and nitrogen levels (0, 140, 280 and 420 kg ha-1) in the plots and subplots, respectively. Forage sowing before the soybean harvest made it possible to anticipate first grazing by 14 days, with satisfactory establishment of forage species without affecting forage production. This method permitted a longer grazing period, preventing the need for soil disking, besides allowing the use of no-tillage system. The mixture of forage species enables higher forage yield for pasture in relation to single species pastures, with response to nitrogen fertilization up to 360 kg ha-1.
The effects of targets’ shyness on perceptions of their intelligence

The effects of a target's shyness on others' perceptions of his/her intelligence were investigated. Subjects met weekly for 7 weeks in discussions groups of 4 or 5 members. Subjects rated all group members, including self, on intelligence, creativity, and wisdom (collectly "mental abilities"). Despite no actual relation between measured IQ and shyness, shy subjects were judged both by themselves and by peers to be lower in mental abilities. This relation was stronger for the state shyness measure (i.e. self-rating of shyness in the group context) than for the dispositional measure of shyness. Thus the specific behavior of the target in the group appeared to determine the evaluation of ability. Quantity of participation in the group discussion appeared to be the primary link between shyness and perceived intelligence, for both self and peer ratings. It is also possible that shy subjects' negative affect in the social situation prevented them from performing at their intellectual capacity and thus lower ratings could be an accurate reflection of performance in the specific situation. Self presentation strategies are another possible explanation.
Microscopic study of the gall bladder of the chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar).

Summary Mobini, B. , 2012. Microscopic study of the gall bladder of the chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 2, 73−78. A study on the microscopic anatomy of the gall bladder was conducted in 8 female and 8 male twenty-week-old healthy Iranian chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). The gall bladder was composed of tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa or tunica adventitia. The tunica mucosa was mainly lined by simple columnar epithelium. All epithelial cells of the chukar gall bladder have reacted for acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides. The lamina muscularis mucosa was absent. The lamina propria-submucosa contained numerous diffuse or nodular lymphatic tissues. The tunica muscularis of the gall bladder showed a circular layer of smooth muscle fibers. The tunica serosa or adventitia presented no striking features.
Influence of foreshore steepness on wave velocity and acceleration at the breakwater interface

This Masters Thesis is a pilot research project in order to investigate which parameters, other than the wave energy density spectrum, could play a role in breakwater damage on variable foreshore steepness. The research project is based up on laboratory research, were for equal wave spectra at the toe of a coastal structure significantly more damage (order of 30%) occurs to a steep foreshore in contrast to a mild slope. In order to investigate which parameters, other than the parameters included in the wave energy density spectrum could play a role in the increase in damage for a steep foreshore, an experiment was conducted. In the wave flume of the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory an experimental test set up was constructed. The test setup consisted of a breakwater build on variable foreshore steepnesses (1:30, 1:15 and 1:8). Tests were conducted with regular waves, were the wavelength and the wave steepness at the toe of the breakwater were kept constant per individual test. These tests were conducted for the three different foreshore steepnesses. Wave runs were completed for different wave heights and wave steepnesses. Each experiment was repeated in order to increase the accuracy. At the breakwater the wave velocity and acceleration was measured with zero buoyant particles. The particles were monitored with a video camera. From these video images the velocity and acceleration relative to the breakwater slope were calculated. In order to check the accuracy a reliability study of the experiment was performed. The faults in the experiment were estimated and assumed to be normal distributed. The reliability of the entire experiment was calculated for velocity and acceleration measurements. The velocities and accelerations for up-rush and down-rush were compared for equal wave conditions and different foreshore steepnesses. The experimental data shows that the velocities for up-rush and down-rush are higher for waves travelling over a steep foreshore (order of 10%). Also the obtained accelerations for both up-rush and down-rush are higher for waves travelling over a steep foreshore. When the wave force is calculated with a Morrison equation, the increase in force due to the increase in velocity for waves travelling over a steep foreshore is in the order of 20%. When considering that the acceleration is also larger in this case, this results an even larger total wave force. By linking the wave force to the level of damage, it can be explained that for equal wave spectra at the toe and for variable foreshore steepness the largest damage was measured for waves travelling over a steep foreshore.
The relationship between attitudes, demographic factors and perceived consumption of meats and other proteins in relation to the BSE crisis: A regional study in the United Kingdom

This study investigates changes in perceived consumption, beliefs and attitudes about beef and other proteins over three time periods that included much major media coverage of BSE-related issues. Demographic, consumption frequency of meat and other proteins and attitude scales relating to beef and BSE were administered to a sample of 1065 shoppers as they left a supermarket. Significant changes in most of the consumption measures were found over the three time periods. Many sex and age differences were also found. Attitudes correlated positively with both consumption of beef and pork and negatively with consumption of quorn. Explanations for the findings are offered in terms of the theories of reasoned action, cognitive dissonance and attribution and the health belief model. Implications for possible interactions between long-term changes in beef consumption and those due to the BSE crisis are considered in terms of the justification for continuing to eat beef.