Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of dynamic stall for heaving airfoils using adaptive mesh techniques

In dieser Arbeit fuhren wir numerische Simulationen von Stromungen uber absenkenden Flugelprofilen mit einer hochauflosenden Spektralen Elemente Methode durch. Es wird eine sehr detaillierte raumliche und zeitliche Beschreibung der Stromung erreicht. Die Ergebnisse, die wir bekommen haben sind mit bisher veroffentlichten experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen validiert. Widerstand-, Neutral- und Schub-Nachlaufe werden erfolgreich simuliert. Zudem haben wir zwei bisher unbekannte Modi beobachtet. Wir stellen die Annahme, die Strouhal-Zahl sei der einzige Charakterisierungsparameter von absenkenden Flugelprofilnachlaufen in Frage. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auch die Amplitude und die Frequenz der Absenkung zu berucksichtigen sind. Schlieslich haben wir die Frequenzregime bei absenkenden Flugelprofilen untersucht. Wir haben festgestellt, dass die Frequenzregime die Nachlaufstruktur bestimmen.
External Wall Insulation (EWI): Engaging Social Tenants in Energy Efficiency Retrofitting in the North East of England

The question of how best to tackle the problem of energy inefficient older housing in the UK is considerable, and is further complicated by the question of tenure. Social landlords are working to update and improve their properties, which make up around 15% of the total UK housing stock (4 million properties). The success of such efficiency improvements depends in part on the cooperation of tenants, and their ability and willingness to engage with the process of change. This paper describes the experiences of eleven social housing tenant households whose properties were fitted with External Wall Insulation (EWI), based on pre- and post-installation interviews and data collection. It includes discussion of tenants’ knowledge, attitudes, and expectations prior to and following installation; household thermal comfort and energy spending before installation; tenant experiences of having EWI installed; tenant perceptions regarding the effects of EWI on thermal comfort, energy spending, and housing attractiveness; impacts of EWI on internal temperatures and heat loss (measured via thermal imaging); energy bill comparisons. Households experienced an average saving of 33% on energy bills following EWI installation, and the majority of tenants reported benefits including improved thermal comfort and related positive impacts on health and wellbeing. The paper concludes by highlighting potential learning points for engaging tenants in the process of enhancing energy efficiency in UK social rented housing.
B‐cell–activating factor is elevated in serum of patients with myasthenia gravis

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a B‐cell–mediated autoimmune disease. B‐cell–activating factor (BAFF) is a major factor in B‐cell development and activation. In this study we investigated serum BAFF levels in MG patients. Methods: We compared the serum BAFF levels of 20 MG patients with gender‐matched healthy controls. We assayed serum concentrations of BAFF and anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR) titers. Results: Serum BAFF levels of MG patients with AChR antibodies were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between serum BAFF levels and anti‐AChR antibody titers. BAFF values did not correlate with disease severity. Conclusions: BAFF may play a major role in the pathogenesis of MG, and it may provide a potential target for therapy in patients with MG. Muscle Nerve 54: 1030–1033, 2016
Prevalence and attitude of university students towards mobile phone use while driving in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and attitude of university students towards mobile phone use while driving. The present study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Five hundred and ninety-three participants were recruited for this study. Attitude, consequences and their involvement in various reckless behaviours pertaining to the use of mobile phone while driving were checked by a questionnaire. Overall, the majority of the respondents (90%) use a mobile phone while driving. About half of the participants had experienced consequences regarding texting while driving and had engaged in reckless behaviour. The majority of the students of Faculty of Medicine, Engineering Sciences, Earth Sciences, Administration and Economics and Orientation Classes were more frequently texting while driving (p < .001). The unmarried students were more often texting while driving as compared to married (p < .001). Overall, the majority of the respondents use the mobile phone while driving.
The changing relationship between unemployment and total fertility

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether there has been a fundamental change in the relationship between economic conditions and fertility. We use panel data methods to study the short-term changes in total fertility and the unemployment rate in a range of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1957 to 2014. We find that although fertility was counter-cyclical before 1970, with good economic times being associated with lower fertility, since then it has become pro-cyclical, with good economic times being associated with higher fertility.
Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression profiles of pituitary gonadotroph adenomas

The aim of the present study was to identify genes, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) or pathways associated with the development of pituitary gonadotroph adenomas. The array data of GSE23207, which included 16 samples of multiple endocrine neoplasia-associated rat pituitary homozygous mutations and 5 pituitary tissue samples from healthy rats, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed prior to functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. miRNAs associated with DEGs were predicted, and an miRNA-target regulatory network was constructed. A total of 187 upregulated and 370 downregulated DEGs were identified in the pituitary gonadotroph adenoma group compared with the healthy (control) group. Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 1 exhibited the highest degree in the PPI network. The upregulated DEGs were predominately enriched in ‘neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction’ pathway, and downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in ‘cell cycle’. The DEGs in module were predominately enriched in the ‘cell cycle’, whereas DEGs in module b and c were enriched in ‘neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction’. miR-374, −153, −145 and −33 were identified as important miRNAs in the regulation of the DEGs. Cdk1, cyclin (Ccn) A2, Ccnb1, ‘cell cycle’ and ‘neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction’ pathways may serve important roles in the development of pituitary gonadotroph adenomas; Ccna2 and Ccnb1 may contribute to this development via an effect on the ‘cell cycle’ pathway. Furthermore, miR-374 and −145 may contribute to the development of pituitary gonadotroph adenomas via regulation of the expression of target genes.
Prototyping of Concurrent Control Systems With Application of Petri Nets and Comparability Graphs

This paper shows a novel prototyping technique for concurrent control systems described by interpreted Petri nets. The technique is based on the decomposition of an interpreted Petri net into concurrent sequential automata. In general, minimum decomposition requires runtime that is exponential in the number of Petri net places. We show that in many cases, including the real-life ones, the minimum decomposition problem can be solved in polynomial time. The proposed method allows implementing a concurrent control system using minimal number of sequential components, which requires polynomial time and can be applied to most of the considered cases. The presented concept is illustrated by a real-life industrial example of a beverage production and distribution machine implemented in a field programmable gate array.
Are ‘ ‘ implicit ’ ’ attitudes unconscious ? q

A widespread assumption in recent research on attitudes is that self-reported (explicit) evaluations reflect conscious attitudes, whereas indirectly assessed (implicit) evaluations reflect unconscious attitudes. The present article reviews the available evidence regarding unconscious features of indirectly assessed ‘‘implicit’’ attitudes. Distinguishing between three different aspects of attitudes, we conclude that (a) people sometimes lack conscious awareness of the origin of their attitudes, but that lack of source awareness is not a distinguishing feature of indirectly assessed versus self-reported attitudes, (b) there is no evidence that people lack conscious awareness of indirectly assessed attitudes per se, and (c) there is evidence showing that, under some conditions, indirectly assessed (but not self-reported) attitudes influence other psychological processes outside of conscious awareness. Implications for the concept of ‘‘implicit attitudes’’ are discussed. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Patients' perceptions of argentine physicians' empathy based on the jefferson scale of patient's perceptions of physician empathy: Psychometric data and demographic differences

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of a modified Spanish version of the Jefferson Scale of Patient's Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE) in Argentine patients and to explore how local demographic characteristics influence patients' perceptions of their physicians' empathy. Methods: A survey was conducted in March 2013 among 400 Spanish-speaking outpatients attending three different public or private hospitals of Buenos Aires. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the JSPPPE factor structure, and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to evaluate its construct validity. Demographic variables including age, gender, geographic origin, education, health coverage, regular physician-established and patient-perceived health status were used to find what factors may influence empathy rating. Results: The PCA yielded a one-factor model that accounted for 77.5% of the variance, and an adequate model fit was observed with CFA indices. Male and elderly patients, South American descendants, less educated people, and public hospital attendants were associated with a higher JSPPPE score. Patients perceived a lower interest of physicians in their daily problems and a poorer capacity “to stand in their shoes. ” Discussion: The JSPPPE provides a valid score to measure patients' perceptions of physician empathy in Argentina. These findings afford insight into Argentine patients' awareness of their doctors' empathic concern; however, JSPPPE scores may be alternatively interpreted in terms of patients' satisfaction or likeability.
Postlicensure safety surveillance of congenital anomaly and miscarriage among pregnancies exposed to quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine

ABSTRACT Limited safety data are available on inadvertent exposure to quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (4vHPV) during pregnancy. We conducted a descriptive observational postlicensure safety surveillance study in Kaiser Permanente Southern California and Northern California to assess congenital anomaly and miscarriage among pregnancies exposed to 4vHPV. Using electronic medical records, we identified women who received a dose of 4vHPV between August 2006 and March 2008 within 30 days preconception or any time during a possible pregnancy. A broad algorithm was developed using diagnostic and procedure codes and laboratory tests to identify pregnancy, congenital anomalies, and miscarriages. Medical records of all potential congenital anomaly cases and a random sample of 100 potential miscarriage cases were reviewed to confirm pregnancy exposure and diagnosis. Results were reviewed by an independent Safety Review Committee (SRC). Among the population of 189,629 females who received at least one dose of 4vHPV during the study period, 2,678 females were identified as possibly having a 4vHPV-exposed pregnancy. Among 170 potential congenital anomalies identified, 44 (26%) were found to be both 4vHPV-exposed and confirmed congenital anomaly cases. Among the 633 potential miscarriages identified, the records of a random sample of 100 cases were reviewed, and 9 cases (9%) were confirmed as 4vHPV-exposed miscarriages. The SRC noted no safety signal for congenital anomaly or miscarriage associated with 4vHPV exposure during pregnancy. The rate of major congenital anomaly (3.6%) was in the range of background estimates from the literature. There was no apparent pattern of timing of 4vHPV exposure among 4vHPV-exposed miscarriages.
Vascular Parkinsonism: A Review of the Precision and Frequency of the Diagnosis

Over the past century vascular parkinsonism (VP) has been established, dismissed and recently re-established as a possible clinical entity. We review the clinical features that have been proposed to suggest the diagnosis and explore how precisely VP has been defined on the basis of clinical, as well as radiological and pathological grounds. Estimates of the frequency of this condition have been based on population-based incidence and prevalence studies and also using case series of all types or parkinsonism. We performed a systematic search for all of these published studies and present their estimates of frequency. We conclude that the wide variations in these estimates may be largely explicable by variation in case definition. When studies are limited to those with either imaging or pathological support for the diagnosis, all but one estimate that 3–6% of all cases of parkinsonism have a vascular cause. In addition, features of parkinsonism have been seen in up to 38% of lacunar stroke patients at 1 year. On the basis of this appreciably high frequency, and with consideration of the implications for clinician and scientist, we suggest that VP needs to be recognised as an important clinical diagnosis, and includes a spectrum of distinct pathophysiological entities.
Stability and Compatibility of Antibiotics in Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions Applied to Automated Peritoneal Dialysis in The Pediatric Population

♦ Objectives: Assess the stability of several antibiotics in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions under common conditions of use in pediatrics, particularly in automated PD. ♦ Methods: Amoxicillin, cefazolin, cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, cotrimoxazole, tobramycin, vancomycin, and the association of ceftazidime + vancomycin and ceftazidime + tobramycin, were tested in 3 different PD solutions: bicarbonate/lactate solution with 2 glucose concentrations (Physioneal 1.36 and 3.86%; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA) and an icodextrin-containing solution (Extraneal; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA). Concentrations were those recommended in guidelines for the treatment of peritonitis in pediatrics. Physioneal bags were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, whereas Extraneal bags were stored 12 hours at room temperature (22 ± 2°C) and then 12 hours at 37°C. Drug concentrations were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Each measure was taken in triplicate. Stability of antibiotics was defined as less than 10% degradation of the drug over time. ♦ Results: Cefazolin, cotrimoxazole, tobramycin, and vancomycin were stable under studied conditions. Ceftazidime was stable 24 hours in icodextrin, 12 hours in Physioneal 1.36% and 6 hours in Physioneal 3.86%. The association of tobramycin or vancomycin did not influence the stability of ceftazidime. Cefepime and amoxicillin were stable 6 h, 4 h, and 8 h in Physioneal 1.36%, 3.86% and Extraneal, respectively. The stability of imipenem was very low: 2 h in Physioneal and 6 h in Extraneal. Moreover, an increasingly yellow coloration was observed with the use of imipenem, whereas no color change or precipitation occurred in other bags. ♦ Conclusion: Cefazolin, tobramycin, cotrimoxazole, and vancomycin are stable in PD solutions up to 24 hours and can be administered in the PD bag for the treatment of peritonitis, even in automated PD under studied conditions. However, amoxicillin, cefepime, ceftazidime, and imipenem must be used with caution due to their lack of stability.
Cyclin D type does not influence cell cycle response to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation in multiple myeloma tumours

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by over‐expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) or D2 (CCND2), which control G1 phase cell‐cycle progression. Proteolytic degradation of CCND1 (but not CCND2), resulting in G1 arrest, is reported in non‐MM cells post‐DNA damage, affecting DNA repair and survival. We examined the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on D‐cyclin levels and cell‐cycle kinetics of MM cells, exploring differences based on D‐cyclin expression. We showed that CCND1 is downregulated, whereas CCND2 is not, following IR. This did not lead to hypo‐phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein or G1 arrest. Both CCND1‐ and CCND2‐expressing MM cells arrested in S/G2/M, and did not differ in other cell‐cycle proteins or sensitivity to IR. When treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor, both CCND1 and CCND2 MM cells arrested in G1 and therefore are subject to physiological regulation at this checkpoint. Immunoprecipitation showed that, despite CCND1 degradation following IR, sufficient protein remains bound to CDK4/6 to prevent G1 arrest. Aberrant expression of CCND1 driven from the IGH promoter in t(11;14) MM cells maintains progression through G1 to arrest in S/G2/M. Differential expression of D‐cyclin does not appear to affect cell‐cycle response to IR, and is unlikely to underlie differential sensitivity to DNA damage.
Lack of evidence for an association between UCHL1 S18Y and Parkinson’s disease

UCHL1 has been proposed as a candidate gene for Parkinson’s disease (PD). A meta‐analysis of white and Asian subjects reported an inverse association between the non‐synonymous UCHL1 S18Y polymorphism and PD risk. However, this finding was not replicated in a large case–control study and updated meta‐analysis restricted to white subjects. We performed a case–control study of 1757 PD patients recruited from movement disorder clinics and 2016 unrelated controls from four regions of the United States. All subjects self‐reported as white. We did not observe evidence for an association between S18Y genotypes and PD (overall P‐value for association: P = 0.42). After adjustment for age, sex, and recruitment region, the odds ratio for Y/S versus S/S was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.78–1.06) and for Y/Y versus S/S was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.58–1.29). We also did not observe a significant association for recessive or dominant models of inheritance, or after stratification by age at onset, age at blood draw, sex, family history of PD, or recruitment region. Our results suggest that UCHL1 S18Y is not a major susceptibility factor for PD in white populations although we cannot exclude the possibility that the S18Y variant exerts weak effects on risk, particularly in early‐onset disease.
A Missed Opportunity in Bone Health: Vitamin D and Calcium Use in Elderly Femoral Neck Fracture Patients Following Arthroplasty

Introduction: Introduction: Adequate calcium and vitamin D from diet and supplementation is recommended for elderly hip fracture patients. Using data from the multinational hip fracture arthroplasty trial (HEALTH), we determined the proportion of patients who consistently took vitamin D and calcium and which characteristics/prescribing practices were associated with consistency of supplement use. Methods: HEALTH is a multicenter randomized trial of elderly hip fracture patients treated with hemi-arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Patients were categorized as consistent users, inconsistent users, or nonusers of calcium and vitamin D. We used multinomial regression to determine the characteristics associated with calcium and vitamin D use. Results: 603 HEALTH participants were included in the analysis. 34.7% of patients never took vitamin D within 12 months after surgery, 26.2% took vitamin D inconsistently, and 39.1% took vitamin D consistently. 36.0% of patients never took calcium within 12 months after surgery, 28.4% took calcium inconsistently, and 35.7% took calcium consistently. There was great variation in prescribed/recommended doses. Compared to nonusers, consistent users of the supplements were more likely to be female, North American, prescribed/recommended vitamin D and/or calcium postoperatively, and presented to a facility with comprehensive fragility fracture protocols. Conclusions: A low proportion of elderly hip fracture patients are consistently taking vitamin D and calcium, which may contribute to poorer bone health. Surgeons should be educated to prescribe/ recommend vitamin D and calcium, institutions should develop comprehensive fragility fracture protocols and patient education strategies to ensure that patients with osteoporosis receive bone health management beyond fracture care.
Precursor processing for plant peptide hormone maturation by subtilisin-like serine proteinases

Prohormone processing by subtilases A flower that has gone to seed will drop its petals in a regulated process called abscission. Schardon et al. analyzed the production of the peptide hormone that regulates floral organ abscission in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. They used tissue-specific expression of proteinase inhibitors to identify the subtilisin-like proteinases that act as prohormone convertases required for peptide hormone production in plants. Science, this issue p. 1594 Redundant proteases mediate the formation of a peptide signal for the abscission of floral organs in Arabidopsis. Peptide hormones that regulate plant growth and development are derived from larger precursor proteins by proteolytic processing. Our study addressed the role of subtilisin-like proteinases (SBTs) in this process. Using tissue-specific expression of proteinase inhibitors as a tool to overcome functional redundancy, we found that SBT activity was required for the maturation of IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION), a peptide signal for the abscission of floral organs in Arabidopsis. We identified three SBTs that process the IDA precursor in vitro, and this processing was shown to be required for the formation of mIDA (the mature and bioactive form of IDA) as the endogenous signaling peptide in vivo. Hence, SBTs act as prohormone convertases in plants, and several functionally redundant SBTs contribute to signal biogenesis.