Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Residents' Psychological Status During Standardized Training in COVID-19

Objectives: To explore the influencing factors of residents' psychological status during standardized training in COVID-19 for finding ways to promote their mental health. Methods: A total of 760 residents were surveyed with a structured questionnaire. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological status of the residents, and a mediation model was constructed to verify the mediating role of satisfaction. Results: Age, willingness to study medicine, and satisfaction were positively correlated with negative psychological status (P < 0.05). And gender, only child or not, and annual household income (RMB) were negatively correlated with negative psychological status (P < 0.01). Residents' satisfaction with standardized training mode plays a complete mediating role between annual household income and negative psychological status. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of concentrating on resident's psychological status and family economic situation. And relative departments should take action to optimize the standardized training mode to improve the satisfaction.
Delivering enterprise: A collaborative international approach to the development, implementation and assessment of entrepreneurship

Purpose – Industry, government and funding bodies have long called for the inclusion of entrepreneurship and enterprise within education provision at all levels: engagement with enterprise develops entrepreneurial skills, which in turn will enhance both the employability of the recipient and contribution to the knowledge led economy. This paper seeks to examine an innovative approach to the development, implementation and assessment of enterprise and entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach – The authors were directly engaged with a Scottish Enterprise programme between November 2006 and 2008 inclusive. The observations drawn from this time are part of an ongoing study, which has adopted an action research approach, to assess and deliver transferable skills. Findings – The programme delivers skills and economic benefits within an international setting. Enterprise agencies, universities and employers have come together to deliver a programme that generates economic benefit while enhancing participant and client capability. It does so by combining and addressing business and technology connectivity, experiential learning and reflective practice. Practical implications – This paper examines the rationale behind such initiatives and links this to the direct experience of programme development, delivery and assessment; the aim being to “unpack” the programme in such a way as to allow others to access the experience. This should in itself encourage discussion around the academic and pedagogical underpinnings of such enterprise offerings. Originality/value – The authors hope that this paper helps inform the policy debate (within government, funding and enterprise agencies and representatives of industry and commerce) by addressing the question: how best to engage with practice in a meaningful and enterprise led manner?
Recent Trends in Inter-Sectoral Terms of Trade

Revisiting an old debate about terms of trade of agriculture vis-a-vis other sectors in the Indian economy, it is argued that the ToT of agriculture has remained favourable for a large part of the post-liberalisation phase, with it being most favourable since the mid-2000s. This is despite rising costs of production, high rural infl ation, and rising human labour costs. It is further argued that large farmers seem to have benefi ted the most from the favourable ToT, which helps understand the narrowing inequality between rural and urban India, along with rising inequality within rural India. I n India, there was an intense debate on inter-sectoral terms of trade (ToT) in the 1970s and 1980s, mainly focused on the agricultural sector. The primary concern was method: What indicators were to be used? How should marketed surplus be derived? Where do farmers get their incomes? On what commodities do they spend? And so on. The general consensus was that agricultural net barter ToT remained almost the same between the early 1950s and mid-1960s , became favourable to the sector from the mid-1960s to the mid1970s, and even more so since the early 1990s (Deb 2002). This note aims to examine what happened to ToT during the last two decades. Trends in Terms of Trade
Inspiration, images and design: an investigation of designers' information gathering strategies

Computational tools should efficiently support, and even enhance, designers' creativity. As a ground for such developments, design cognition studies aim at describing designers' mental strategies within the design process. So far, most researches have been focused on the idea generation phases, e.g. sketching activity, which is explicit enough to be observed and described. However, the early stages of design remain incompletely understood, while the informational phase is identified as a crucial step of the design process. In this context, our objective is to identify and evaluate inspirational information used by designers before generating ideas, and to describe how inspirational information is used. In this article, we report a two-part study (interviews and experimental protocol) carried out with professional designers. The main outcomes demonstrate that traditional and electronic resources are not used in the same way by designers. We also show that information gathering strategies are strongly influenced by designers' preference.
On tear film breakup (TBU): dynamics and imaging

Abstract We report the results of some recent experiments to visualize tear film dynamics. We then study a mathematical model for tear film thinning and tear film breakup (TBU), a term from the ocular surface literature. The thinning is driven by an imposed tear film thinning rate which is input from in vivo measurements. Solutes representing osmolarity and fluorescein are included in the model. Osmolarity causes osmosis from the model ocular surface, and the fluorescein is used to compute the intensity corresponding closely to in vivo observations. The imposed thinning can be either one-dimensional or axisymmetric, leading to streaks or spots of TBU, respectively. For a spatially-uniform (flat) film, osmosis would cease thinning and balance mass lost due to evaporation; for these space-dependent evaporation profiles TBU does occur because osmolarity diffuses out of the TBU into the surrounding tear film, in agreement with previous results. The intensity pattern predicted based on the fluorescein concentration is compared with the computed thickness profiles; this comparison is important for interpreting in vivo observations. The non-dimensionalization introduced leads to insight about the relative importance of the competing processes; it leads to a classification of large vs small TBU regions in which different physical effects are dominant. Many regions of TBU may be considered small, revealing that the flow inside the film has an appreciable influence on fluorescence imaging of the tear film.
Seasonality of Earnings Momentum in an Emerging Market: The Taiwan Experiences

In Taiwan, firms are requested to announce earnings for the first and fourth quarters within one and four months, respectively, after the fiscal quarters’ end. I therefore conjecture that prior to formal announcement, private earnings information have longer time to dissiminate for the fourth quarter than the first quarter, based on the gradual-diffusion-information model developed by Hong and Stein (1999). Furthermore, given the impact of earnings information on stock price, I hypothesize that returns after quarterly earnings announcement are higher for quarters having less time to disseminate private information before formal announcement than returns for quarters with more time. I uncover a pronounced seasonal pattern for post-announcement cumulative returns for hedge portfolios buying stocks having positive earnings surprises and selling stocks with negative earnings surprises, in accordance with the hypothesis. Specifically, cumulative returns for these hedge portfolios are significantly larger following the first quarter than the fourth quarter during the six to 12 months after the earnings announcement. The evidence is robust to risk adjustment. Moreover, this seasonality can be attributed more to the differential performance of stocks having positive earnings surprises than that of stocks having negative surprises. However, the seasonal results need to be explained with caution because the corresponding third quarter stock returns post-announcement are not as strong as those for the first quarters, despite the third quarter announcement also being made within one month after the fiscal quarter’s end.
Do Managers Define Non-GAAP Earnings to Meet or Beat Analyst Forecasts?

We provide evidence consistent with firm managers opportunistically defining non-GAAP earnings in order to meet or beat analyst expectations. This result is robust to controlling for other tools of benchmark beating (e.g., discretionary accruals, real earnings management, and expectation management). We also find that managers tend to exclude more expenses from non-GAAP earnings when it is costlier to use accrual earnings management due to balance sheet constraints, indicating that these tools are substitutes. Lastly, we find that investors discount positive earnings surprises when accompanied by exclusions from GAAP earnings, suggesting that the market partially understands the opportunistic nature of these exclusions. Our evidence is consistent with managers opportunistically defining non-GAAP earnings in a way that analysts fail to fully anticipate, resulting in an increased likelihood of exceeding analyst forecasts.
Are Teleworkers Less Likely to Report Leave Intentions in the United States Federal Government Than Non-teleworkers Are?

Teleworking is the most common alternative work schedule used in public organizations. Despite the adoption of teleworking in government agencies, no studies were found that empirically examined the effect it has on retention in these agencies. This article therefore extends the literature by examining the impact of teleworking on turnover intentions in U.S. federal agencies. In so doing, the findings suggest that teleworking did not exact a social exchange in public agencies. That is, teleworkers and nonteleworkers reported similar intentions to quit implying that telecommuting should not be used by managers and organizations “solely” to reduce the turnover of government employees. Furthermore, an examination of each of the teleworking and nonteleworking arrangements revealed that government workers were more likely to report a leave intention when they were denied the opportunity to telecommute. As a result, this finding validates the social denial hypothesis. The managerial and theoretical implications of these findings are thoroughly discussed in the article.
EXPLORING FAMILY FOREST LANDOWNER DIVERSITY: PLACE, RACE, AND GENDER IN ALABAMA, UNITED STATES

Family forestry is characterized by heterogeneity in ownership structure, owners’ objectives, and management practices. Differences among forest landowners by age and occupation have been regularly documented, but other social dimensions, such as race and gender, have received considerably less attention. We conducted exploratory research on racial and gender differences among forest landowners in two Alabama counties via a mail survey in order to identify promising areas for future research and forestry outreach. We found that gender and race influence land holding practices, management objectives, access to information and technical support. African American and female forest landowners tend to be less involved in forest management but would like more information. Understanding how forest landowners from different social backgrounds use, value, and manage forest is crucial for developing appropriate programs to encourage landowners from all segments of society to manage their forests for private and public benefits, and further research is warranted.
Dielectric breakdown strength and electrical conductivity of low density polyethylene octylnanosilica composite

One challenge in studying nanodielectric composites is to produce reliable, reproducible samples. A common strategy to suppress aggregation and make the particles more compatible with the polymer matrix is to modify the nanoparticle surface chemistry but, often, evaluation of the effectiveness of the chosen surface functionalization process can prove difficult. In this paper the emphasis is on feasible ways to monitor the production of silane coupled nanosilica low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The AC-breakdown properties of the resulting composites is studied and the field dependency of the DC-conductivity is measured and also calculated using a space charge limited conduction (SCLC) model together with densities of states obtained from ab initio calculations. For composites containing 13 wt% of nanosilica, breakdown strengths some 18 % higher than that of the unfilled LDPE were obtained. However, the results are not stable over time. This appears to be related to how extensively the composite is dried at elevated temperatures under vacuum.
Product differentiation, competition and regulation of new drugs: the case of statins in four European countries

This paper examines the determinants of competition in the statins market across four European countries over the 1991-2002 period. Using IMS data from the UK, Germany, France and the Netherlands, the paper analyses the potential existence of competition between branded statins prior to patent expiry. Against a conceptual background of Cournot type quantity competition with product differentiation a demand function is estimated using panel data analysis for the first and second entrants on the market. The results indicate substitutability across the initial market entrants and the subsequent entrant only. This is consistent with potential price sensitivity in the branded market for statins, even when the overall size of market is growing. The results are indicative due to empirical issues surrounding endogeniety of the price variable. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The transcription factor Foxg 1 regulates telencephalic progenitor proliferation cell autonomously , in part by controlling Pax 6 expression levels

Background: The transcription factor Foxg1 is an important regulator of telencephalic cell cycles. Its inactivation causes premature lengthening of telencephalic progenitor cell cycles and increased neurogenic divisions, leading to severe hypoplasia of the telencephalon. These proliferation defects could be a secondary consequence of the loss of Foxg1 caused by the abnormal expression of several morphogens (Fibroblast growth factor 8, bone morphogenetic proteins) in the telencephalon of Foxg1 null mutants. Here we investigated whether Foxg1 has a cell autonomous role in the regulation of telencephalic progenitor proliferation. We analysed Foxg1↔Foxg1 chimeras, in which mutant telencephalic cells have the potential to interact with, and to have any cell nonautonomous defects rescued by, normal wild-type cells. Results: Our analysis showed that the Foxg1 cells are under-represented in the chimeric telencephalon and the proportion of them in S-phase is significantly smaller than that of their wild-type neighbours, indicating that their under-representation is caused by a cell autonomous reduction in their proliferation. We then analysed the expression of the cell-cycle regulator Pax6 and found that it is cell-autonomously downregulated in Foxg1 dorsal telencephalic cells. We went on to show that the introduction into Foxg1 embryos of a transgene designed to reverse Pax6 expression defects resulted in a partial rescue of the telencephalic progenitor proliferation defects. Conclusions: We conclude that Foxg1 exerts control over telencephalic progenitor proliferation by cell autonomous mechanisms that include the regulation of Pax6, which itself is known to regulate proliferation cell autonomously in a regional manner.
Lay Interpretation of Dementia

Dementia is a relatively “new” disease in the medical field. Over the past few decades, neurologists, geriatricians, psychologists, and sociologists were keen to determine the causes of dementia. The prevalent picture of the scientific and theoretical causation of dementia, however, overshadows the lay perspective of dementia. To get a better understanding of the latter aspect, this study examined family carers' knowledge of dementia and how they made sense of the disease. Individual interviews were completed with 18 family carers. The interview data were analyzed based on grounded theory, which is characterized by a constant comparative method of analysis (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). This method of analysis is inductive in nature and allows the construction of a theory of the lay interpretation of dementia. The study revealed family carers' limited knowledge of dementia might be related to medical professionals' inadequate explanations of the multifaceted dimensions of dementia. Hence, the family carers tended to use external events and personal experiences to explain the occurrence of dementia. Findings suggested that the development of a lay understanding of dementia was a means for family carers to gain control of this abstruse disease and served as an adaptive strategy to cope with the loss experienced during the caring process. The study indicates a definite need for health care professionals to form partnerships with family carers in order to develop good dementia care.
Modeling Economics and Ecology: The Importance of a Spatial Perspective

Interdisciplinary work in environmental economics, and increasingly in certain areas of interest to agricultural economists, frequently involves us with essentially ecological problems. A few notable examples include nonpoint source pollution, water quality, biodiversity, and global climate change. As we take on these problems, we are being asked to look at the world through the lens of population (or community) and systems ecologists. Conflicts and frustration generally result and are usually put down to fundamental differences in philosophy, but may largely be due to differences in the modeling structure the two disciplines impose on the world.
Financial reporting of good news and bad news: evidence from accounting narratives

Abstract Accounting narratives are an increasingly important medium of financial communication. In particular, they play a crucial role in the corporate annual report, allowing company management to present annual performance to users in a readily accessible manner. Research suggests that such narratives are widely used and considered important in the investment decisions of private and institutional investors. However, accounting narratives are unaudited and thus may be subject to impression management. This paper focuses on the chairman's narratives of the top 50 and bottom 50 listed UK companies ranked by percentage change in profit before taxation. The research examines whether companies with improving and declining performance report good and bad news in different ways. The findings suggest that both groups of companies prefer to emphasise the positive aspects of their performance. In addition, both groups prefer to take credit for good news themselves, while blaming the external environment for bad news. Thus, despite reporting on markedly different financial performance, management approach it in the same self-serving way. The results of this and previous research have important policy implications for financial reporting. The current auditing regulations could usefully be extended so that the narratives are more rigorously reviewed.
Conditional Moments of the Distribution of Abnormal Returns, the Cross-Section of Stock Returns, and Monetary Policy

Jensen, Johnson, and Mercer (1997) demonstrate that ME and BE/ME do not significantly explain the cross-section of stock returns during periods of contractionary monetary policy. In this study we use a dataset of stocks screened in the manner of a Fama and French 1992. We use a simple AR(1) model estimated via Quantile regression and OLS to forecast the first four moments of the distribution of abnormal returns. Where the abnormal returns come from the Fama-French four-factor time-series model applied to a pre-sample of returns for each of the stocks. In the overall sample the t-statistics from Fama-MacBeth regressions indicate the significance of the conditional mean, even in the presence of ln(ME), BE/ME, and cumulative lagged returns (to control for momentum). When the sample is bifurcated and the coefficients from periods of expansive monetary policy are examined separately from those for periods of contractionary monetary policy, none of the conditional moments are significant during periods of loosening monetary policy, while both the conditional mean and conditional kurtosis are significant during periods of monetary tightening. That is to say, that the conditional mean and the conditional kurtosis of the abnormal returns are significant in explaining the cross-sectional variation in stock returns in those periods where size and book-value are not.
Multi-level impacts on perceived career opportunity from global integration: human capital development within internal institutional environments

Using human capital and institutional theories, we analyze the impacts of individual- and office-level factors on the career perceptions of employees in a globally integrated firm. More specifically, we examine factors related to both employee human capital and their institutional operating environments that might influence whether employees perceive that their careers would benefit from greater global integration of their company. The hypotheses were tested using survey data from 398 employees nested within 44 offices in 15 countries, collected from a single multinational company. We find evidence that two of our hypothesized human capital-related factors (shared clients and service years) at the individual level and three of our institutionally-based predictors at the office level (office size, office centrality and client multinationality) have significant impacts on perceived career benefits from global integration. We also find marginal significance for a fourth office-level factor (office performance). This study contributes to the relatively limited literature on local employee career perceptions, while also helping to reconcile different streams of literature by simultaneously examining multiple levels of analysis. By utilizing hierarchical linear analysis, the study is able to differentiate between individual- and office-level effects.