Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How do deaf or hearing impaired programmers perform in debugging java code

Pessoas surdas ou com deficiencia auditiva (SDA), muitas vezes possuem empregos de baixa remuneracao. O acesso a educacao pode mudar suas perspectivas. Muitos postos de trabalho na area de tecnologia da informacao sao deixados ociosos por falta de candidatos habeis. Nosso laboratorio oferece cursos a distância de programacao Java para pessoas SDA. Nos perguntamos o quao bons nossos alunos SDA sao em encontrar e corrigir erros em um programa. Cinco programadores SDA e cinco programadores ouvintes com a mesma experiencia e treinamento executaram atividades de depuracao de codigo. Realizamos uma an´alise situada e descobrimos que o desempenho dos programadores SDA era menor em relacao aqueles sem deficiencia. Argumentamos que uma ferramenta de depuracao voltada para o publico SDA deve atenuar essa disparidade.
Optimal face recognition performance involves a balance between global and local information processing: Evidence from cultural difference

In face recognition, eye gaze to the eye region is reported to be associated with better performance than to the center of a face. Nevertheless, Caucasians and Asians differ in how much they look at the eyes when they scan a face, but have comparable identification performance. To resolve this issue, here we test the hypothesis that optimal face recognition performance involves a balance between global and local face processing. Thus, Asians may benefit from enhancement of local processing and vice versa for Caucasians. We showed that local attention priming using hierarchical letter stimuli led to more eye-focused eye movement patterns compared to global attention priming in both Asians and Caucasians. However, Asians had better performance after local priming than global priming, whereas Caucasian showed the opposite effect. These results suggest that engagement of global/local attention leads to face-center/eye biased eye movements respectively, and optimal recognition performance involves both global and local processing/gaze transitions between the face center and eyes.
A New Parameterization of Single Scattering Solar Radiative Properties for Tropical Anvils Using Observed Ice Crystal Size and Shape Distributions

Parameterizations of single scattering properties currently used in cloud resolving and general circulation models are somewhat limited in that they typically assume the presence of single particle habits, do not adequately account for the numbers of ice crystals with diameters smaller than 100 mm, and contain no information about the variance of parameterization coefficients. Here, new parameterizations of mean single scattering properties (e.g., single scatter albedo, asymmetry parameter, and extinction efficiency) for distributions of ice crystals in tropical anvils are developed. Using information about the size and shape of ice crystals acquired by a twodimensional cloud probe during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX), a self-organized neural network defines shape based on simulations of how the particle maximum dimension and area ratio (ratio of projected area to that of circumscribed circle with maximum dimension) vary for random orientations of different idealized shapes (i.e., columns, bullet rosettes, rough aggregates, and particles represented by Chebyshev polynomials). The size distributions for ice crystals smaller than 100 mm are based on parameterizations developed using representative samples of 11 633 crystals imaged by a video ice particle sampler (VIPS). The meanscattering properties for distributions of ice crystals are then determined by weighting the single scattering properties of individual ice crystals, determined using an improved geometric ray-tracing method, according to number concentration and scattering cross section. The featureless nature of the calculated phase function, averaged over all observed sizes and shapes of ice crystals, is similar to that obtained using other schemes designed to account for variations in sizes and shapes of ice crystals. The new parameterizations of single scatter albedo, asymmetry parameter, and extinction efficiency are then determined by functional fits in terms of cloud particle effective radius; there was no statistically significant dependence on either ice water content or temperature. Uncertainty estimates incorporated into the parameterization coefficients are based upon a Monte Carlo approach. Comparisons with previously used parameterizations and with parameterizations developed using single crystal habits are made to show that the determination of representative crystal habits is still a major unknown in the development of parameterization schemes.
Assessment of overweight and obesity in Iranian adolescents: optimal cut-off values of anthropometric indices.

Background Various indices have been used to estimate overweight and obesity; all have limitations and strengths. The prevalence of overweight and obesity may differ by ethnicity. Aims This study evaluated waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and neck circumference (NC) as reliable alternatives to body mass index for screening for overweight and obesity, and determined their optimum cut-off values in different ethnic groups. Methods The study was conducted from November 2015 to February 2016 among adolescents aged 12-14 years from five ethnicities in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Arab, Kurdish, Sistani and Baluchi, Turkish and Turkman. Stratified multistage sampling was used to select 2444 students. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate WC, WHpR, WHtR and NC as screening indices for overweight and obesity as categorized by body mass index centiles. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the total sample were 15.3% and 9.2% respectively, with higher rates in students of Arab, Kurdish and Turkish ethnicity. The areas under curve ranged from 0.8 to 0.9 for WC, WHtR and NC. The mean optimum values with the highest sensitivity and specificity to identify overweight were: 72.3 cm (sensitivity 0.80, specificity 0.75) for WC, 0.46 (0.85, 0.70) for WHtR and 31 cm (0.76, 0.76) for NC. For obesity mean optimum values were: 77 cm (0.84, 0.81) for WC, 0.50 (0.84, 0.84) for WHtR and 31.5 cm (0.88, 0.71) for NC. Conclusions WC, WHtR and NC may be useful tools to screen for adiposity using their optimum values for sex and ethnicity.
The under-representation and experiences of elite level minority coaches in professional football in England, France and the Netherlands

This article will examine the previously under-researched area of the under-representation and experiences of elite level minority (male) coaches in (men’s) professional football in Western Europe. More specifically, the article will draw on original interview data with 40 elite level minority coaches in England, France and the Netherlands and identify a series of key constraining factors which have limited the potential for and realization of opportunities for career progression across the transition from playing to coaching in the professional game. In doing so, the article will focus on three main themes identified by interviewees as the most prescient in explaining the ongoing under-representation of minority coaches in the sport: their limited access to and negative experiences of the high level coach education environment; the continued existence of racisms and stereotypes in the professional coaching workplace; and the over-reliance of professional clubs on networks rather than qualifications-based frameworks for coach recruitment. Finally, the article will contextualize these findings from within a critical race theory perspective and will draw clear linkages between patterns of minority coach under-representation, the enactment of processes and practices of institutional racism, and the underlying normative power of hegemonic Whiteness in the sport.
TARGETING ESTIMATION OF CCC-GARCH MODELS WITH INFINITE FOURTH MOMENTS

As an alternative to quasi-maximum likelihood, targeting estimation is a much applied estimation method for univariate and multivariate GARCH models. In terms of variance targeting estimation, recent research has pointed out that at least finite fourth moments of the data generating process is required, if one wants to perform inference in GARCH models by relying on asymptotic normality of the estimator. Such moment conditions may not be satisfied in practice for financial returns, highlighting a potential drawback of variance targeting estimation. In this paper, we consider the large-sample properties of the variance targeting estimator for the multivariate extended constant conditional correlation GARCH model when the distribution of the data generating process has infinite fourth moments. Using nonstandard limit theory, we derive new results for the estimator stating that, under suitable conditions, its limiting distribution is multivariate stable. The rate of consistency of the estimator is slower than $\sqrt T$ and depends on the tail shape of the data generating process. A simulation study illustrates the derived properties of the targeting estimator.
Bond Behavior of Near-Surface Mounted CFRP Laminate Strips under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading

Near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate strips are used to increase the load-carrying capacity of concrete structures. This is done by inserting the CFRP strips into slits made in the concrete cover of the elements to be strengthened and gluing the strips to the concrete with an epoxy adhesive. In several cases the NSM technique has substantial advantages when compared with externally bonded laminates. To assess the bond behavior between the CFRP and concrete under monotonic and cyclic loading, an experimental program was carried out based on a series of pullout-bending tests. The influence of the bond length and loading history on the bond behavior was investigated. In this work the details of the tests are described and the obtained results discussed. Using the experimental data and an analytical-numerical strategy, a local bond stress-slip relationship was determined. A finite-element analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of the adhesive on the global respo.
Partial replacement of fish oil by soybean oil on lipid distribution and liver histology in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles

Summary A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of fish oil replacement by soybean oil, on lipid distribution and liver histology of two commercially important finfish species: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Sea bass (16.2 ± 0.5 g; mean ± SD) and rainbow trout (52.1 ± 0.5 g) juveniles were fed one of three isonitrogenous (500 g kg−1 CP) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g−1) diets, containing 0% (control, diet A), 25% (diet B) and 50% (diet C) soybean oil. At the end of the experiment, lipid deposition was evaluated in muscle, liver and viscera. Cholesterol and triglycerides levels were also determined in plasma. Tissue total, neutral and polar lipid composition (g kg−1 total lipids) showed no significant differences within species, regardless the dietary treatment. The same trend was observed for plasma parameters (P > 0.05). Viscera were the preferential tissue of lipid deposition, with 252–276 and 469–513 g kg−1 total lipid content in trout and sea bass, respectively. Dietary fish oil replacement had no effect on either hepatic lipid droplets accumulation or degree and pattern of vacuolization in the observed liver sections. These data suggest that both sea bass and trout can be fed diets containing up to 50% soybean oil without adverse effects on tissue lipid composition or liver histology.
The Influence of Daily Stress on Impaired Control through Emotion Dysregulation and Drinking Motives

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) can be explained by some emotion-based hypotheses such as the self-medication hypothesis and negative reinforcement model. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to explore the dynamic relationships between daily stress, emotion dysregulation and drinking motives in the prediction of impaired control to drink alcohol in a clinical male sample. Male patients with AUD (n= 193) were recruited from alcohol centers of four psychiatric hospitals in South Korea. All participants completed a questionnaire that included the Hassles and Uplifts Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ), and the Impaired Control Scale (ICS). The serial multiple mediation model analyses showed that daily stress resulted in impaired control through emotional dysregulation and drinking motives in order. Specifically, both emotional dysregulation and drinking motives in turn had partial mediation effects on the relationship between daily stress and impaired control on alcohol. Moreover, when drinking motives were entered as a mediator individually, the size of the indirect effect for coping motives was larger than that of enhancement motives was, suggesting that there might be no gender difference related to drinking motives. These results suggest that daily stress as a precursor indirectly influences impaired control through emotion dysregulation and drinking motives among patients with AUD. Considering the connection between stress and impaired control on alcohol via emotion dysregulation and drinking motives, future interventions need to focus on providing an individualized intervention that includes stress management and adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
Integrin-Associated Complexes Form Hierarchically with Variable Stoichiometry during Nascent Adhesion Formation

Background— A complex network of putative molecular interactions underlies the architecture and function of cell-matrix adhesions. Most of these interactions are implicated from co-immunoprecipitation studies using expressed components; but few have been demonstrated or characterized functionally in living cells. Results— We introduce fluorescence fluctuation methods to determine, at high spatial and temporal resolution, ‘when’ and ‘where’ molecular complexes form and their stoichiometry in nascent adhesions (NAs). We focus on integrin-associated molecules implicated in integrin-activation and in the integrin-actin linkage in NAs and show that these molecules form integrin containing complexes hierarchically within the adhesion itself. Integrin and kindlin reside in a molecular complex as soon as adhesions are visible; talin, while also present early, associates with the integrin-kindlin complex only after NAs have formed and in response to myosin II activity. Furthermore, talin and vinculin association precedes the formation of the integrin-talin complex. Finally, α -actinin enters NAs periodically and in clusters that transiently associate with integrins. The absolute number and stoichiometry of these molecules varies among the molecules studied and changes as adhesions mature. Conclusions— These observations suggest a working model for NA assembly, whereby transient α -actinin- integrin complexes help nucleate NAs within the lamellipodium. Subsequently integrin complexes containing kindlin, but not talin, activity promotes talin association with the integrin-kindlin complex in a stoichiometry consistent with each talin molecule linking two integrin-kindlin complexes.
Chebyshev's bias for products of $k$ primes

For any $k\geq 1$, we study the distribution of the difference between the number of integers $n\leq x$ with $\omega(n)=k$ or $\Omega(n)=k$ in two different arithmetic progressions, where $\omega(n)$ is the number of distinct prime factors of $n$ and $\Omega(n)$ is the number of prime factors of $n$ counted with multiplicity . Under some reasonable assumptions, we show that, if $k$ is odd, the integers with $\Omega(n)=k$ have preference for quadratic non-residue classes; and if $k$ is even, such integers have preference for quadratic residue classes. This result confirms a conjecture of Richard Hudson. However, the integers with $\omega(n)=k$ always have preference for quadratic residue classes. Moreover, as $k$ increases, the biases become smaller and smaller for both of the two cases.
Neighborhood Models of Plant Population Dynamics. I. Single-Species Models of Annuals

We present tractable formulations for neighborhood models of annual plant population dynamic processes. These models are constructed from submodels, termed predictors, of individual plants. Fecundity and survivorship predictors give the fecundity and survivorship of an individual as a function of local population density. Dispersal predictors predict the dispersal pattern of a plant's maternal progeny and the survivorship of plants from seed to seedlings. We develop both computer models and analytically tractable models. Our computer models are designed to determine the population dynamic consequences of specific fecundity, survivorship and dispersal predictors. The analytical models are valid when dispersal is sufficiently large, and are used to explain the predictions of analogous computer models. We show through examples that the predictions of corresponding computer and analytical models may be virtually identical. Empirical tests of these models are practical because all model parameters and functional forms can be estimated with data obtained in a single year. We describe the experiments and statistical methods used to test a neighborhood model. Finally, we describe how neighborhood models can be used to address specific issues in plant ecology and discuss possible extensions of neighborhood theory.
Determinants of e-banking adoption: A non-users perspective in Pakistan

This study has attempted on a motivation to identify the factors that determine the intention of non-users of e-banking service in Pakistan. In this sense, the present study has combined Davi’s technology acceptance model (TAM) with external factors, namely subjective norm (SN), trust (TR), technological self-efficacy (TSE), internet experience (IE) and enjoyment (ENJ) to introduce an extension of the TAM model for the non-users of e-banking service.The proposed TAM model was evaluated in a sample of 412 respondents under the framework of structural equation modeling (SEM). For this purpose, we have used Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) 21 to test the hypothesized model. Overall, the empirical outcome suggests that the ENJ had a greater total effect on perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) while, SN showed a greater total effect on the intention to use (ITU) the e-banking service. Furthermore, the TAM model in our study has successfully extended in order to predict non-users intention to use e-banking service.The study has offered a new and useful insights in the existing literature of the TAM model, specifically for the non-users perspective.
Evaluation of the Virginia Department of Transportation Adaptive Signal Control Technology Pilot Project

Currently, most traffic signals operated by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) use actuated plans that vary by time of day (TOD) and day of the week. These timing plans are typically developed off-line using traffic count information collected in the field and then processed using signal optimization software. This method works well as long as traffic volumes remain consistent with the conditions used to develop the timing plan, but timing plans can become suboptimal if traffic demands deviate from those conditions. Traffic growth over time, seasonal changes in traffic, special events, or incidents can all cause TOD plans to perform poorly, resulting in increased delays to drivers. As a result, VDOT must regularly retime signalized intersections to deal with long-term changes in travel patterns, which incurs costs to VDOT. Even so, non-recurring events can still cause TOD plans to perform poorly. Adaptive signal control technology (ASCT) is one tool that has been proposed to handle variable traffic demand better. VDOT’s Traffic Engineering Division began a pilot program to install the InSync ASCT developed by Rhythm Engineering on 13 corridors around the state beginning in 2011. The InSync system uses enhanced detection along a corridor to adjust signal timing parameters dynamically to meet observed demand in real time, eliminating the need to develop static timing plans. This allows the ASCT system to adjust signal timing parameters to account for variations in flow attributable to special events, seasonal flows, incidents, or simply the increase of volumes over time. In this case, signal timings are not pre-defined based on historic data, so ASCT systems can potentially reduce delays created by outdated static TOD plans. These pilot deployments were evaluated to determine if ASCT created operational and safety improvements large enough to justify the additional costs to install ASCT. Data on mainline traffic operations, side street delays, and intersection crashes were collected with and without ASCT active. The results showed that mainline traffic operations generally improved if (1) the corridor was not oversaturated; (2) the corridor did not have characteristics that encourage platoon dispersion; and (3) the corridor did not already function well. Side street delays generally increased, although net benefits in overall corridor travel time were usually still observed. An empirical Bayes safety analysis of crashes at the intersections where ASCT was installed also found a 17% decrease in total crashes. Overall, ASCT generally produced a favorable benefit/cost ratio. The findings from the pilot tests were used to identify key considerations for future ASCT deployments so that VDOT could better identify future sites that might benefit from ASCT installation.
Immigration and Heterogeneous Labor in Western Germany: A Labor Market Classification Based on Nonparametric Estimation

This paper presents a methodology to identify net demand shocks as well as wage rigidities in heterogeneous labor markets on the basis of nonparametric regression. We show how this approach can be used to make suggestions for immigration policy in economies with labor market rigidities. In an application to western Germany it is demonstrated that nonparametric regression is feasible in higher dimensions with only a few thousand observations. In sum, labor markets able to absorb immigrants are characterized by above average age and by professional occupations. On the other hand, labor markets for young workers in service occupations are identified to exhibit rising unemployment due to wage rigidities and are therefore not recommended for immigration.