Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histological evaluation of the effects of Moringa leaf extract treatment on vital organs of murine models

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Sr. School of Medicine, Babcock University, Nigeria *Corresponding Author’s Email: olaowolabi001@yahoo.com; +2348064884305 Moringa oleifera has gained popularity especially in recent times due to several publications reporting various nutritional and health benefits of the plant; though it is important to note that most investigations on this plant are basic and the reports would require proper trials to evaluate the exact benefits to human health. This investigation was an attempt to investigate the effects of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histology of vital body tissues. The rationale is that histological observations would provide a more reliable and consistent picture of the effects produced by the interactions of the phytochemicals with the body cells and tissue. It may be helpful in observing the possible toxicological effects on body tissues or on the other hand, the positive effects on the body tissues. A total of twelve Wistar rats (n=12) were used for the investigation; divided in two groups of Control (A) and Treated (B). A daily dosage of 200mg/kg body weight of ethanolic moringa leaf extract was administered orally to the treated Group B for 28 days. All animals were fed ad libitum. Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The tissues were excised and processed using routine haematoxylin and Eosin staining techniques. Photomicrographs were taken with the aid of the Accuscope Photomicrographic at suitable magnifications. Analysis of each tissue’s histo-morphology, general histo-architecture and cytological structures was critically done. The basis of analyses and inferences was clearly defined: whether Moringa oleifera leaf extract produced any observable deleterious effects on the tissue [toxicological evaluation]; or whether its effects would improve the tissue’s histological architecture especially in manners that can produce improvement in physiological conditions of the individual tissue or general body health [medicinal and nutritional properties]. Extract produced positive effects in most tissues except in the testis and epididymis where the effects were anti-fertility. Various tissues 1enefited from the positive effects to various extents.
Sequencing JIT Mixed-Model Assembly Lines Under Station-Load and Part-Usage Constraints

This paper deals with two most important problems, from both practical and theoretical standpoints, arising in sequencing mixed-model assembly lines. Such lines have become core components of modern repetitive manufacturing, and just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing in particular. One problem is to keep the usage rate of all parts fed into the final assembly as constant as possible (the "level-scheduling problem"), while the other is to keep the line's workstation loads as constant as possible (the "car-sequencing problem"). In this paper the combined problem is formulated as a single-integer programming model. The LP-relaxation of this model is solved by column-generation techniques. The results of an experimental evaluation show that the lower bounds are tight.
Reliability of a Field and Laboratory Test of Repeated Sprint Ability

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of a field and a laboratory test of repeated sprint ability (RSA). Twelve adolescent boys (15.3 ± 0.3 years) completed five trials of both a field RSA test (7 × 30 m sprints) and a laboratory RSA test (7 × 5 s sprints) performed on a nonmotorized treadmill. Mean coefficients of variation (CV) calculated across all trials were 23%. The inconsistency in the FIs resulted from the mathematical procedures used in the FI calculation methods. Based on the reliability scores, it was concluded that results obtained from measured performance variables in the field and laboratory, and not calculated FIs, should be used to report RSA.
Risk factors for 12-month comorbidity of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study.

OBJECTIVE This study examined risk factor profiles of pure and comorbid 12-month mood, anxiety, and substance use disorder in the general population. METHOD Data were derived from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study, a prospective epidemiologic study in which a representative sample of 7,076 adults age 18-64 years were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Logistic regression was used to compare subjects with a diagnosis of pure and comorbid disorders with non-psychopathological comparison subjects and to compare subjects with comorbid disorders with those with pure disorder on sociodemographic characteristics, chronic somatic conditions, parental psychiatric history, and childhood traumas and adversities. RESULTS Only 39.5% of the subjects with a 12-month mood disorder, 59.3% of those with an anxiety disorder, and 75.4% of those with a substance use disorder exhibited the disorder in the pure form. Comorbid anxiety and mood disorders, the most prevalent comorbid condition, showed associations with eight of the nine sociodemographic and long-term vulnerability factors investigated; pure mood disorder and pure anxiety disorder were each linked to only about half of the factors. Female gender, younger age, lower educational level, and unemployment were associated with comorbid anxiety and mood disorders but not with pure mood disorders. The risk profiles of pure anxiety disorder and pure substance use disorder similarly diverged from those of the comorbid conditions. CONCLUSIONS High levels of psychiatric comorbidity exist in the general population. The risk factor profiles for comorbid disorders differ considerably from those for pure disorders. Primary prevention of secondary disorders in populations with a history of a primary disorder are important for reducing psychiatric burden.
Detection of 1p36 deletions in paraffin sections of neuroblastoma tissues

Nonradioactive in situ hybridization (NISH) on sections of paraffin‐embedded neuroblastoma tissue was performed to evaluate numerical and structural aberrations of chromosome 1. Two biotinylated probes specific for the heterochromatic (D1Z1) and subtelomeric regions of chromosome 1 (D1S32) were used to study normal tissue and 4 neuroblastoma samples with and without 1p36 deletions. The NISH findings in 3 of the 4 neuroblastomas correlated well with the results obtained by cytogenetic banding analysis. In 1 tumor sample, however, a deletion at 1p36 was observed by NISH, both on metaphase spreads and interphase nuclei, but not by cytogenetics. The NISH method is therefore advantageous when only paraffin‐embedded material is available and can be even more sensitive than conventional cytogenetic analyses under certain conditions. Moreover, the technique provides morphological information that cannot be obtained by methods relying on tissue extracts or cell suspensions. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Superaugmented Pendentic Indices: Novel Topological Descriptors for QSAR/QSPR

Four pendenticity based topological descriptors termed as superaugmented pendentic indices have been conceptualized in the present study. An in-house computer program was utilized to compute index values of all the possible structures (with at least one pendent vertex) containing four, five and six vertices. The sensitivity towards branching, discriminating power, degeneracy and mathematical properties of the proposed superaugmented pendentic indices were investigated. All the four proposed indices exhibited exceptionally high sensitivity towards branching, high discriminating power and extremely low degeneracy. Superaugmented pendentic index-4 (SA∫P-4) exhibited exceptionally high discriminating power of 114 in structures containing only six vertices. Statistical significance of the proposed indices was investigated using intercorrelation analysis with Wiener’s index, Balaban’s mean square distance index, molecular connectivity index, Zagreb indices (M1 and M2), superpendentic index and eccentric connectivity index. The exceptionally high sensitivity towards branching, high discriminating power amalgamated with extremely low degeneracy offer proposed indices a vast potential for isomer discrimination, similarity/dissimilarity, drug design, quantitative structureactivity/ structure-property relationships, lead optimization and combinatorial library design.
The RcsB–RcsC regulatory system of Salmonella typhi differentially modulates the expression of invasion proteins, flagellin and Vi antigen in response to osmolarity

Entry into intestinal epithelial cells is an essential feature in the pathogenicity of Salmonella typhi, which causes typhoid fever in humans. This process requires intact motility and secretion of the invasion‐promoting Sip proteins, which are targets of the type III secretion machinery encoded by the inv, spa and prg loci. During our investigations into the entry of S. typhi into cultured epithelial cells, we observed that the secretion of Sip proteins and flagellin was impaired in Vi‐expressing strains. We report here that the production of Sip proteins, flagellin and Vi antigen is differentially modulated by the RcsB–RcsC regulatory system and osmolarity. This regulation occurs at both transcriptional and post‐translational levels. Under low‐osmolarity conditions, the transcription of iagA, invF and sipB genes is negatively controlled by the RcsB regulator, which probably acts in association with the viaB locus‐encoded TviA protein. The cell surface‐associated Vi polysaccharide, which was maximally produced under these growth conditions, prevented the secretion of Sip proteins and flagellin. As the NaCl concentration in the growth medium was increased, transcription of iagA, invF and sipB was found to be markedly increased, whereas transcription of genes involved in Vi antigen biosynthesis was greatly reduced. The expression of iagA, whose product is involved in invF and sipB transcription, occurred selectively during the exponential growth phase and was maximal in the presence of 300 mM NaCl. At this osmolarity, large amounts of Sips and flagellin were secreted in culture supernatants. As expected from these results, and given the essential role of Sip proteins and motility in entry, RcsB and osmolarity modulated the invasive capacity of S. typhi. Together, these findings might reflect the adaptive response of S. typhi to the environments encountered during the different stages of pathogenesis.
The cardiac Na+/K+ ATPase: An updated, thermodynamically consistent model

The Na+/K+ATPase is an essential component of cardiac electrophysiology, maintaining physiological Na+ and K+ concentrations over successive heart beats. Terkildsen et al. (2007) developed a model of the ventricular myocyte Na+/K+ ATPase to study extracellular potassium accumulation during ischaemia, demonstrating the ability to recapitulate a wide range of experimental data, but unfortunately there was no archived code associated with the original manuscript. Here we detail an updated version of the model and provide CellML and MATLAB code to ensure reproducibility and reusability. We note some errors within the original formulation which have been corrected to ensure that the model is thermodynamically consistent, and although this required some reparameterisation, the resulting model still provides a good fit to experimental measurements that demonstrate the dependence of Na+/K+ ATPase pumping rate upon membrane voltage and metabolite concentrations. To demonstrate thermodynamic consistency we also developed a bond graph version of the model. We hope that these models will be useful for community efforts to assemble a whole-cell cardiomyocyte model which facilitates the investigation of cellular energetics.
INTACS for Keratoconus and Ectasia After LASIK

INTACS are 2 arc-like PMMA segments that were designed for surgical insertion into the deep corneal stroma to flatten the central cornea. Their original application was for the refractive correction of mild myopia (– 1 to – 3 D). However, because of the superior accuracy and familiarity with the excimer laser by refractive surgeons, they are rarely used for this indication, except in patients with forme fruste keratoconus or extremely thin corneas with <3 D of myopia. Dr Joseph Colin in France first conceived the concept of using INTACS to treat patients with keratoconus and published his first report on the safety and efficacy for this indication in 2001. At 1 year, all 10 patients he operated became contact lens tolerant and demonstrated an improvement in both uncorrected and best-corrected acuity. Since his pioneering work, corneal surgeons throughout the word have adopted this technology to treat patients with mild to moderate keratoconus who are contact lens intolerant and/or who desire a modest improvement in uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity. In the United States 0.25-, 0.275-, 0.30-, 0.325-, 0.35-, 0.4-, and 0.45mm segments are available for the use. They are approved in the United States by the FDA under a human device exemption for compassionate therapeutic use. Competitive devices such as the Ferrara ring and the Keraring are also sold and marketed outside of the United States as they do not have FDA approval in the United States. The main difference between these 2 devices is that with INTACS the optical zone is approximately 7 mm, whereas the Ferrara and Kerarings have an optical zone of the order of 4.5 to 5 mm. The smaller optical zone allows for more efficacy in flattening of the cornea at the expense of increased visual aberrations, particularly at night when the pupil dilates. Recently INTACS SK was introduced outside of the United States. They have an optical zone of 6 mm and have a round design to minimize
Exploratory Analysis of Factors Associated with Teens' Repeated Childbearing

This study was designed to explore the factors regarding unique determinants of repeat childbearing among teens. The influence that key people have on subsequent teen childbearing is examined. Data for this research were gathered in focus groups with teen mothers and parents of teen mothers who access the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in Georgia. Based on the results, repeated childbearing appears to occur within the context of poor parent-child relations, conflicting support for the roles teen mothers are expected to assume, limited social pressures for effective fathering, and limited access to social services for all family members. Pregnancy prevention efforts by agencies for teen mothers should coordinate services for the teen mother, her parent, and her partner.
Incidence and Survival of Pancreatic Head and Body and Tail Cancers: A Population-Based Study in the United States

Objectives: Cancer of the body/tail of the pancreas is frequently separated from pancreatic head tumors. No studies have examined whether the demographics, disease characteristics, and patient survival with pancreatic body/tail cancers are different from pancreatic head tumors. Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry to identify 43,946 cases of pancreatic cancer. The yearly incidence and survival rates were calculated. Cox proportional hazards model examined temporal trends in survival. Results: The incidence rate for pancreatic head cancer has remained at 5.6% per 100,000, whereas the rate for pancreatic body/tail cancers has increased by 46% between 1973 and 2002. The 3-year survival rate has increased slightly for both groups. The Cox proportional hazards model analysis confirms this improvement. The 3-year survival rate for local-stage pancreatic body/tail cancer is 20.0% compared with 9% for local-stage pancreatic head cancer. Conclusions: This study indicates that the incidence of pancreatic head cancer has remained stable, whereas the incidence of pancreatic body/tail cancers is rising. Despite higher survival rates among patients with pancreatic head cancer compared with those with pancreatic body/tail cancers in several variables, patients with local-stage pancreatic body/tail cancers had higher survival rates compared with local-stage pancreatic head cancer.
Pedi‐Pack Transfusion in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit

Two hundred and ninety‐one transfusions using 221 pediatric frozen red blood cell packs (Pedi‐Packs) were given to 141 newborn babies and infants in the newborn intensive care unit. In 18 patients, 47 transfusions were studied for transfusion and clinical characteristics. Two possible hemolytic episodes are described in detail and remain unexplained. Blood loss for laboratory tests was found to average 3.1 ml/kg per day spent in the newborn intensive care unit. The rise in hematocrit was found to be excellent. Overall, the transfusion of thawed pediatric red blood cell packs was found to be convenient, safe and effective. Because of pretesting possibilities with the use of this source of red blood cells, one of the problems associated with a walking donor program is eliminated.
Solution structure of the LicT–RNA antitermination complex: CAT clamping RAT

LicT is a bacterial regulatory protein able to prevent the premature arrest of transcription. When activated, LicT binds to a 29 base RNA hairpin overlapping a terminator located in the 5′ mRNA leader region of the target genes. We have determined the solution structure of the LicT RNA‐binding domain (CAT) in complex with its ribonucleic antiterminator (RAT) target by NMR spectroscopy (PDB 1L1C). CAT is a β‐stranded homodimer that undergoes no important conformational changes upon complex formation. It interacts, through mostly hydrophobic and stacking interactions, with the distorted minor groove of the hairpin stem that is interrupted by two asymmetric internal loops. Although different in sequence, these loops share sufficient structural analogy to be recognized similarly by symmetry‐related elements of the protein dimer, leading to a quasi‐ symmetric structure reminiscent of that observed with dimeric transcription regulators bound to palindromic DNA. Sequence analysis suggests that this RNA‐ binding mode, where the RAT strands are clamped by the CAT dimer, is conserved in homologous systems.
Primary Central Nervous System Post‐Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Following Kidney Transplantation: A Multi‐Institution Study in Japan Over 30 years

ally, ESRD-related RCC is less aggressive, with papillary RCC being the most common histological subtype (48–75%) (6). In their work, Nakai et al. proposed the use of TKI treatment for RCC in hemodialysis patients, comparing the outcomes between 13 patients who received TKI treatment (six of them as first-line therapy) and a control group of 15 patients treated with surgery only. They found that the TKI group was associated with increased blood pressure that required more intensive interventions on hypertension and dry weight (1). The experience of our center suggests that in dialysis patients with RCC, a first-line treatment using TKI might disregard some aspects: the minor severity of the ESRD-related RCC, the documented effectiveness and satisfactory outcome of the surgical approach, and in particular, the more complex long-term management and follow-up of TKItreated patients, potentially eligible for renal transplantation. We believe that this kind of strategy should be reserved exclusively as a second-line therapy for patients with metastatic cancer and those excluded from a kidney transplant waiting list. Our clinical practice, together with the results of Nakai and colleagues, improve the probability for these patients to access the active kidney transplant waiting list. Conversely, the likelihood of becoming good candidates to receive a kidney transplant appears to be reduced in the patients only treated with TKI therapy, due to the necessity of a stricter management of the adverse events, mainly hypertension and dry weight adjustment. To confirm this vision, recent evidence showed that laparoscopic radical nephrectomy appears to be safe and feasible for non-metastatic RCC patients under hemodialysis treatment, and following tumor removal, the patients can be considered as eligible for renal transplant, after an observation waiting period to ensure nonrecurrence (7).
Alveolar--capillary membrane gas conductance: a novel prognostic indicator in chronic heart failure.

AIMS Lung dysfunction occurring in chronic heart failure worsens clinical status and exercise performance. The prognostic value of airway and alveolar function measurements in chronic heart failure has not been explored. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of lung function tests in a population of patients with stable chronic heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and six stable chronic heart failure patients (whose left ventricular ejection fraction averaged 33 +/- 1%) underwent echocardiography, metabolic stress testing, assessment of pulmonary function at rest (by spirometry), of alveolar diffusing capacity (DLco) (with carbon monoxide technique) and of its membrane (DM) and capillary blood volume (Vc) components. Prognostic relevance of pulmonary variables was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier approach with log-rank testing and by Cox regression analysis. Cut-off values of lung parameters were based on the 33rd and 66th centiles. Seventeen patients died for cardiac reasons. Non-survivors compared to survivors showed lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (2 X 1 +/- 0 X 1 vs 2 X 4 +/- 0 X 1 l; P<0 X 01), forced vital capacity (2 X 6 +/- 0 X 1 vs 2 X 9 +/- 0 X 1 l; P<0 X 01), maximal voluntary ventilation (80 X 7 +/- 2 X 5 vs 95 X 4 +/- 2 X 7 l; P<0 X 01), DLco (16 X 5 +/- 1 X 1 vs 19 X 3 +/- 0 X 6 ml . min(-1) . mmHg(-1); P<0 X 01) and DM (25 X 1 +/- 1 X 8 vs 31 X 9 +/- 1 X 5 ml . min(-1) . mmHg(-1); P<0 X 01). They also exhibited a smaller peak VO2 (14 X 6 +/- 0 X 7 vs 15 X 9 +/- 0 X 6 ml . min(-1) . kg(-1); P<0 X 05) and a steeper VE/VCO2 slope (45 X 0 +/- 1 X 7 vs 41 X 9 +/- 1 X 5; P<0 X 01). Multivariate analysis revealed that DM was the only independent predictor of cardiac death. Cases at high risk for adverse outcome were identified by a DM<24 X 7 ml . min(-1) . mmHg(-1). Patients receiving ACE-inhibitors presented with a higher DM (32 X 1 +/- 1 X 7 vs 27 X 9 +/- 1 X 7 ml . min(-1) . mmHg(-1), P<0 X 05) as well as a better Cox estimated survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Impaired DM is a powerful independent predictor of worse prognosis in stable chronic heart failure and may be considered an additional index of disease severity, as well as a specific therapeutic target.
An anatomical and electrophysiological study of the retina of the owl monkey, Aotes trivirgatus

Histological study of the retina of the owl monkey demonstrated two types of photoreceptors. The rods predominated and had characteristics of rods of other primates. The second type of receptor has been identified as a cone because (1) its inner segment was short and pyramidally shaped, (2) its outer segment was tapered and shorter than the rods, (3) it changed shape and size throughout the retina, and (4) it had different staining properties from the rods.