Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aminosalicylates: Potential Antineoplastic Actions in Colon Cancer Prevention

Colorectal tumors are the second most frequent malignancy in the Western world, with around 150,000 deaths per year in the US and Europe (1). Epidemiologic and experimental evidence points to the view that salicylates such as aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and other nonsteroidal anti-in ammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly prescribed in the treatment of in ammatory and febrile conditions or sold as over-the-counter pain medication may decrease colon cancer risk (2–5). In addition, during the past 5 years trials reporting prophylactic effects of sulphasalazine and/or aminosalicylates in chronic in ammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been published (6–9). These retrospective studies have shown a signi cantly lower risk of colon cancer in patients with IBD on long-term medication with sulphasalazine and/or aminosalicylates compared to those with no or only irregular use. A number of reviews concerning the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas and carcinoma by NSAIDs, including description of possible modes of action, have been published in recent years (10–13). These have included a commentary with an emphasis on available evidence of prophylactic ef cacy and potential mechanisms of the antineoplastic action of aminosalicylates (14). The aim of this article is to comprehensively review present clinical and experimental evidence supporting the view that aminosalicylates may also have antineoplastic and/or prophylactic properties in comparison to other NSAIDs. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent and COX-independent steps, lipoxygenase inhibition, modulation of activation steps of nuclear factor (NF) kB, decrease of bcl-2 expression, decreased proliferation and/or increased apoptosis, decrease of oxidative and/or adduct-mediated DNA damage due to their strong antioxidant properties may be mechanisms potentially contributing to tumor prophylaxis and/or suppression (Table I).
Surgical Outcome of Blowout Fractures of Floor of Orbit: A Case Series of 5 Patients

Purpose: To report the surgical outcome of traumatic blow out fractures of the floor of the orbit. Materials and methods: Five patients who sustained orbital floor blowout fracture following trauma underwent surgical repair via trans-conjunctival or subciliary approaches. One patient had sustained bilateral blowout fracture. Three patients presented with symptoms early following the fracture with enophthalmos, entrapment of inferior rectus muscle or orbital fat, whereas two presented after a month with features of oculo-cardiac reflex. Results: All patients underwent orbital floor repair with Titanium mesh with or without screws and orbital plate. Post-operative surgical results were excellent with restoration of orbital floor and release of orbital fat and/or muscle and repositioning of the globe. Three patients developed cicatricial entropion and trichiasis. One patient complained of transient numbness in the distribution of the infra orbital nerve. Conclusions: Surgical intervention for blow out fractures is indicated in cases with entrapment of orbital fat or muscle for restoration of structure and function. Surgical outcome is excellent with low incidence of complications
BK polyomavirus genotypes and nephropathy: is there a relationship?

H. Boukoum, I. Nahdi, W. Sahtout, H. Skhiri, M. Segondy, M. Aouni. BK polyomavirus genotypes and nephropathy: is there a relationship? Transpl Infect Dis 2016: 18: 309–311. All rights reserved H. Boukoum, I. Nahdi, W. Sahtout, H. Skhiri, M. Segondy, M. Aouni Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives, Facult e de Pharmacie, Monastir, Tunisia, Service de N ephrologie, Hôpital Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia, Service de N ephrologie, Hôpital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Montpellier, Universit e de Montpellier I, Hôpital SaintEloi, Montpellier, France
Circadian and wake-dependent effects on the pupil light reflex in response to narrow-bandwidth light pulses.

PURPOSE Nonvisual light-dependent functions in humans are conveyed mainly by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which express melanopsin as photopigment. We aimed to identify the effects of circadian phase and sleepiness across 24 hours on various aspects of the pupil response to light stimulation. METHODS We tested 10 healthy adults hourly in two 12-hour sessions covering a 24-hour period. Pupil responses to narrow bandwidth red (635 ± 18 nm) and blue (463 ± 24 nm) light (duration of 1 and 30 seconds) at equal photon fluxes were recorded, and correlated with salivary melatonin concentrations at the same circadian phases and to subjective sleepiness ratings. The magnitude of pupil constriction was determined from minimal pupil size. The post-stimulus pupil response was assessed from the pupil size at 6 seconds following light offset, the area within the redilation curve, and the exponential rate of redilation. RESULTS Among the measured parameters, the pupil size 6 seconds after light offset correlated with melatonin concentrations (P < 0.05) and showed a significant modulation over 24 hours with maximal values after the nocturnal peak of melatonin secretion. In contrast, the post-stimulus pupil response following red light stimulation correlated with subjective sleepiness (P < 0.05) without significant changes over 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS The post-stimulus pupil response to blue light as a marker of intrinsic melanopsin activity demonstrated a circadian modulation. In contrast, the effect of sleepiness was more apparent in the cone contribution to the pupil response. Thus, pupillary responsiveness to light is under influence of the endogenous circadian clock and subjective sleepiness.
Outcomes of participation objective, participation subjective (POPS) measure following traumatic brain injury

Primary objective: To investigate the participation of adults living with traumatic brain injury in regional and rural NSW as measured by the Participation Objective Participation Subjective (POPS) measure. Research design: A quantitative survey of a single cohort as the first of a two phase mixed methods study. Methods and procedures: One hundred and thirty-one adults with a TBI were recruited through eight rural brain injury rehabilitation programmes in NSW. These adults completed a range of survey instruments, including the POPS. Main outcomes and results: The POPS measure supported findings from other research that identified varying impacts of TBI. However, in contrast to other studies, there was no correlation between participation scores and age, gender, time since injury and severity of injury. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that the issue of participation of adults with TBI living in non-metropolitan areas needs to be further researched.
Declining mortality in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

La baisse de la mortalite observee en Occident a la fin du XIXe et au debut du XXe siecles est-elle le resultat d'actions deliberees menees par des medecins, des responsables de services de sante publique et des individus, ou tout simplement le corollaire de l'industrialisation et de l'accroissement du revenu moyen par tete ? Voila l'un des sujets les plus controverses en demographie historique. L'etude comparative de l'evolution des taux de mortalite par âge et cause pour un certain nombre de villes, entre les sous- populations de ces villes, et entre regions rurales et urbaines, amene l'auteur a conclure que les interventions directes ont joue un role majeur dans la baisse de la mortalite pour certaines causes. Il etablit une relation entre les services municipaux crees au cours de cette periode, en particulier pour l'approvisionnement des villes en eau potable et la distribution de lait propre, et l'evolution des taux de mortalite par âge et cause.
GÜZEL SANATLAR VE SPOR LİSESİ YÖNETİCİ VE ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN FARKLILIKLARIN YÖNETİMİ KONUSUNDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİ

OZET Bu arastirma, Guzel Sanatlar ve Spor Liselerinde gorev yapan yoneticilerin ve ogretmenlerin farkliliklarin yonetimi konusundaki goruslerini tespit etmek amaciyla yapilmistir. Arastirmanin orneklem grubunu Elazig, Usak, Trabzon, Corum ve Eskisehir illerinde Guzel Sanatlar ve Spor Lisesinde gorev yapan 12 yonetici ve 70 ogretmen olusturmaktadir. Orneklem grubun goruslerini belirlemek amaciyla Balay ve Saglam (2004) tarafindan gelistirilen olcek kullanilmis ve elde edilen veriler SPSS paket programinda analiz edilmistir. Bu egitim kurumlarinda yoneticiler ve ogretmenler arasindaki farkliliklarin bu kurumlarin egitim kalitesinin artirilmasi yonunde olumlu bir etki sagladigi, calisanlarin inanci, kokeni, kulturel vb farkliliklarin bu egitim kurumlari icin bir avantaj sagladigi ve kurumlarin yonetsel anlayisinda bir ayrimcilik yapilmadigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yonetim, Farklilik, Farkliliklarin Yonetimi, Spor Liseleri
Retinoic Acid Enhances the Cytotoxic Effects of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells

Introduction Retinoids, which are derivatives of vitamin A, are important factors involved in the control of biologic functions such as cell growth and differentiation, development, and carcinogenesis. We have shown previously that the naturally occurring retinoids all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) induce growth inhibition followed by apoptosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Aim To evaluate the efficacy of retinoids in combination with the chemotherapeutic drugs gemcitabine and cisplatin. Methodology In vitro growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis by different combinations of retinoids and cytotoxic drugs were studied by using the T3M-4 and BxPc-3 cell lines. For in vivo studies, T3M-4 cells were injected subcutaneously in nude mice. Results Pre-treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells with ATRA or 9cRA before the addition of the drugs resulted in significant reduction in cell number compared with treatment with the drugs alone. Pre-treatment with 9cRA followed by gemcitabine or cisplatin alone also resulted in a strong increase in the percentage of cells undergoing programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Furthermore, there was an indication that the combination of ATRA and gemcitabine caused increased apoptosis in vivo. Conclusion Our results clearly suggest the need for additional studies exploring the potential role of the combination of retinoids and gemcitabine in the management of pancreatic cancer.
THE OPTICAL GREEN VALLEY VERSUS MID-INFRARED CANYON IN COMPACT GROUPS

Compact groups of galaxies provide conditions similar to those experienced by galaxies in the earlier universe. Recent work on compact groups has led to the discovery of a dearth of mid-infrared transition galaxies (MIRTGs) in Infrared Array Camera (3.6–8.0 μm) color space as well as at intermediate specific star formation rates. However, we find that in compact groups these MIRTGs have already transitioned to the optical ([g−r]) red sequence. We investigate the optical color–magnitude diagram (CMD) of 99 compact groups containing 348 galaxies and compare the optical CMD with mid-infrared (mid-IR) color space for compact group galaxies. Utilizing redshifts available from Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we identified new galaxy members for four groups. By combining optical and mid-IR data, we obtain information on both the dust and the stellar populations in compact group galaxies. We also compare with more isolated galaxies and galaxies in the Coma Cluster, which reveals that, similar to clusters, compact groups are dominated by optically red galaxies. While we find that compact group transition galaxies lie on the optical red sequence, LVL+SINGS mid-IR transition galaxies span the range of optical colors. The dearth of mid-IR transition galaxies in compact groups may be due to a lack of moderately star-forming low mass galaxies; the relative lack of these galaxies could be due to their relatively small gravitational potential wells. This makes them more susceptible to this dynamic environment, thus causing them to more easily lose gas or be accreted by larger members.
Wavefront analysis in Asian-Brazilians.

PURPOSE To compare the distribution of ocular higher order wavefront aberrations (third to sixth order) in the Brazilian population of Asian and non-Asian refractive surgery patients. METHODS Preoperative refractive and wavefront data were reviewed for 648 eyes in 324 patients who underwent custom ablation at the Excimer Laser Santa Cruz refractive surgery center in São Paulo, Brazil, from March 2002 to July 2005. Patients were divided into two groups: Asian patients and non-Asian patients, based on family history. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the differences between the groups with respect to manifest refractive spherical equivalent, astigmatism, pachymetry, OPD-root-square-mean (RMS) for a 6.0-mm pupil, total wavefront aberrations, third- to sixth-order higher order aberrations, and individual aberrations. RESULTS The mean spherical equivalent refraction in the Asian group of -4.38 diopters (D) was significantly higher than the spherical equivalent refraction of -3.46 D in the non-Asian group (t= -4.32; P=.00001). Comparison of the differences between groups with respect to higher order aberrations, coma, trefoil, quadrafoil, spherical aberration, higher order astigmatism, and pachymetry was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Asian patients have a higher prevalence of myopia than non-Asian patients. No differences were noted in higher order aberrations between Asian and non-Asian patients.
İlköğretimde Problemler ve Çözüm Yolları

Bu incelemede amac, ilkogretim okullarinin yoneticilerinin karsilastiklari problemler ve bu problemleri cozerken izledikleri yollari belirlemektir. Arastirmanin evreni, Elazig ili merkezde bulunan 64 ilkogretim okulu yoneticileridir. Evrenin tamami ornekleme alinmistir. Veriler, 45 sorudan olusan ve uzman gorusleriyle desteklenen bir anket ile toplanarak SPSS istatistik programiyla analiz edilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda, yoneticiler okulla ilgili maddi sorunlari, arac-gerec yetersizligi ve ogrenci ailelerinin ilgisizligini problem olarak gormuslerdir. Problemleri cozerken ise, ogretmenler kurulunun aldigi karara uyarim, problemle ilgili tum bilgiler toplandiktan sonra cozume gecerim, onemli isleri oncelik sirasina koyarim gibi seceneklerde yuksek duzeyde katilim vardir.
The CBEL glycoprotein of Phytophthora parasitica var-nicotianae is involved in cell wall deposition and adhesion to cellulosic substrates

The cell wall of the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae contains a protein called CBEL that shows cellulose-binding (CB), elicitor (E) of defense in plants and lectin-like (L) activities. The biological role of this molecule in Phytophthora was investigated by generating transgenic strains suppressed in CBEL expression. Phenotypic characterization of these strains showed that they were severely impaired in adhesion to a cellophane membrane, differentiation of lobed structures in contact with cellophane, and formation of branched aggregating hyphae on cellophane and on flax cellulose fibres. Infection assays revealed that the strains suppressed in CBEL expression were not greatly affected in pathogenicity and formed branched aggregating hyphae in contact with the roots of the host plant, thereby indicating that CBEL is involved in the perception of cellulose rather than in the morphogenesis of hyphal aggregates. Interestingly, the absence of CBEL was correlated with abnormal formation of papillae-like cell wall thickenings in vitro, suggesting that CBEL is involved in cell wall deposition in Phytophthora. Reverse genetics in oomycetes has long been hampered by their diploid nature and difficulties in transformation and regeneration. The gene inactivation approach reported in this work provides the first direct evidence for intrinsic functions of an elicitor and cell wall protein in oomycetes.
Captopril increased mitochondrial coenzyme Q10 level, improved respiratory chain function and energy production in the left ventricle in rabbits with smoke mitochondrial cardiomyopathy

The aim of the study was to show whether the ACE inhibitor captopril is able to protect the heart against the deleterious effect of passive cigarette smoking on left ventricular mitochondria. Four groups of rabbits were investigated: control (C), passive smoking of three cigarettes twice daily/30 minutes (S), control + captopril (7.5 mg/kg body weight twice daily) (Cap), and smoking + captopril (SCap) as in group 2 and 3. Three weeks lasting passive smoking impaired oxidative phosphorylation, diminished cytochrome oxidase activity and increased the mitochondrial F1‐ATPase protein concentration. Moreover, the level of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and coenzyme Q9 were decreased. Simultaneous treatment with captopril prevented partly the decrease of CoQ10 level, deterioration of oxidative phosphorylation, diminution of cytochrome oxidase activity and enhancement of F1‐ATPase level. We conclude that captopril protected the myocardium against the harmful effect of passive smoking in rabbits.
Development of the shoulder girdle musculature

The muscles of the shoulder region are important for movements of the upper limbs and for stabilizing the girdle elements by connecting them to the trunk. They have a triple embryonic origin. First, the branchiomeric shoulder girdle muscles (sternocleidomastoideus and trapezius muscles) develop from the occipital lateral plate mesoderm using Tbx1 over the course of this development. The second population of cells constitutes the superficial shoulder girdle muscles (pectoral and latissimus dorsi muscles), which are derived from the wing premuscle mass. This muscle group undergoes a two‐step development, referred to as the “in–out” mechanism. Myogenic precursor cells first migrate anterogradely into the wing bud. Subsequently, they migrate in a retrograde manner from the wing premuscle mass to the trunk. SDF‐1/CXCR4 signaling is involved in this outward migration. A third group of shoulder muscles are the rhomboidei and serratus anterior muscles, which are referred to as deep shoulder girdle muscles; they are thought to be derived from the myotomes. It is, however, not clear how myotome cells make contact to the scapula to form these two muscles. In this review, we discuss the development of the shoulder girdle muscle in relation to the different muscle groups. Developmental Dynamics 245:342–350, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
influenza virus infection during pregnancy in the USA

Denise J Jamieson, Margaret A Honein, Sonja A Rasmussen, Jennifer L Williams, David L Swerdlow, Matthew S Biggerstaff, Stephen Lindstrom, Janice K Louie, Cara M Christ, Susan R Bohm, Vincent P Fonseca, Kathleen A Ritger, Daniel J Kuhles, Paula Eggers, Hollianne Bruce, Heidi A Davidson, Emily Lutterloh, Meghan L Harris, Colleen Burke, Noelle Cocoros, Lyn Finelli, Kitty F MacFarlane, Bo Shu, Sonja J Olsen, and the Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Pregnancy Working Group*
Circulating interferon in rabbits after administration of human interferon by different routes.

Summary Human leucocyte interferon was rapidly cleared from the circulation of rabbits receiving 3 million units intravenously, but the clearance rate was greatly decreased after 1 h. The early half-time was 13 min and the late half-time 73 min. No circulating interferon was detected beyond 6 h. Repeated injections did not affect the clearance rate. Intramuscular injection of 3 million units of human or rabbit interferon maintained a relatively stable interferon level in the serum for 12 h. Higher doses raised the level and prolonged the persistence of circulating interferon. A single intramuscular injection of 30 million units of human interferon maintained a detectable interferon level in the serum for 48 h. Subcutaneous injections resulted in even longer persistence of measurable interferon in the blood. No interferon was detected in the serum after oral administration of 6 million units of human interferon.
Regional node involvement and distant metastases in carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Of 624 cases of carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses the presence or absence of metastasis to the regional nodes or to distant sites was recorded. Regional nodes were involved in 14.3 per cent, varying according to site and histological type. Disseminated metastases were found in 1.6 per cent. The prognosis for those with involved nodes was severely reduced, and for those with distant metastases it was negligible. This bleak outlook should be considered when treatment is being planned.
Fibrinolytic enhancement by stanozolol: a double-blind trial.

of the other inhibitors of fibrinolysis. No fibrinogen degradation products were detected. The treatment had no effect on the normal increase of the fibrinolytic activity during venous occlusion. This indicates that the drugs did not interfere with the release of the plasminogen activator. Of interest is that the combination caused a significant increase of the plasminogen activator content of the vein walls. This indicates that the combination stimulates the synthesis of the plasminogen activator in the vein walls. In the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, then, the combined treatment produced changes tending to counteract the development of thrombosis. We have now started to give this combination to 26 patients with idiopathic recurrent venous thrombosis and with a decreased content of plasminogen activator in the vein walls. Biopsy specimens for determination of the plasminogen activator content of the vessel wall were taken before treatment and after three and 12 months' treatment respectively. In those 17 patients in whom the activator content was checked after three months the plasminogen activator content had increased in all but one. In most patients the activator content reached the normal level, which according to our grading is 6 arbitrary units. In those six patients who had taken the drug combination for 12 months an increase was noted in all. During the treatment period they had no new episodes of thrombosis. Abstract