Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘I went to the City of God’: Gringos, guns and the touristic favela

A regular tourist destination since the early 1990s, Rocinha - the paradigmatic touristic favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - has seen the number of foreigners visitors grow considerably after the successful international release of City of God in 2003. In dialogue with the new mobilities paradigm and based on a socio-ethnographic investigation which examines how poverty-stricken and segregated areas are turned into tourist attractions, the article sheds lights on the ways tourists who have watched Fernando Meirelles's film re-interpret their notion of “the favela” after taking part in organized tours. The aim is to examine how far these reinterpretations, despite based on first-hand encounters, are related back to idealized notions that feed upon the cinematic favela of City of God while giving further legitimacy to it.
Graines, aptitudes germinatives et caryotype de populations de Plantago albicans L. (Plantaginaceae) de Tunisie. 2

ResumeL'etude de la morphologie des graines, de leurs aptitudes germinatives, du caryotype, effectuee dans des populations de Plantago albicans subsp. albicans de Tunisie, localisees en zone aride ou en bordure de la region desertique, a revele des analogies entre cytotypes diploides et tetra- ploides, tant au niveau de la morphologie des graines que des aptitudes germinatives. Ils presentent le meme type d'adaptation aux precipitations aleatoires de ces regions. Les caryogrammes et caryotypes font apparaitre des differences entre populations de diploides, de nombreux remaniements chromosomiques et l'origine allopolyploide des tetraploides comme des hexaploides.
The development of speech processing skills in children with and without speech difficulties.

Children with developmental speech disorder of no known aetiology constitute a heterogeneous group, both in their presenting difficulties, which can include additional language and speech perception difficulties, and in the developmental course of the disorder. This thesis examines this heterogeneity from a developmental and psycholinguistic perspective. Using a longitudinal design, speech processing and language skills are explored over three years in a group of children with speech difficulties (n=47) and an age- and nonverbal IQ-matched longitudinal control group (n=47), mean age 4;06 - 6;07. Other measures were of developmental history, family history, psychosocial status and therapy input. Key areas of investigation were: the proportion of children whose speech later resolves; uncovering the 'resolving' and 'persisting' profile; the role of input processing in speech development, in particular, the role of accent variability; and the occurrence of dissociable speech processing patterns on matched word/nonword repetition and on speech input tasks. Group characteristics were examined through an analysis of patterns of dissociation on tasks across the group and an examination of patterns of association on speech and language measures (in comparison to the control group) in order to establish the developmental relationships between different aspects of speech processing. Thus concurrent and longitudinal relationships were examined using descriptive statistics, prospective and retrospective subgroup analyses and multiple regression analyses. A 'persisting' speech profile was identified as a pervasive speech processing and language difficulty and/or more severe speech output problems. A 'resolved' profile was confined to early, moderate, specific speech difficulties. Apart from nonword repetition, there was no evidence that speech outcome was related to different rates of speech or language development. Using evidence from normal and atypical development, an interactive view of speech development is outlined. Despite the need to understand development as interactive, speech output performance is argued to be the main factor mediating and constraining change between the ages of 4-6 in children with speech difficulties. An emerging discrepancy between word and nonword repetition, with nonword repetition not improving at similar rates to word repetition in some children with persisting speech difficulties, is cited as additional evidence that speech output, in particular, motor programming deficit, is the core characteristic of a persisting speech disorder.
Automatically Extracting Structure from Free Text Addresses.

Wide-area distribution raises significant performance problems for traditional query processing techniques as data access becomes less predictable due to link congestion, load imbalances, and temporary outages. Pipelined query execution is a promising approach to coping with unpredictability in such environments as it allows scheduling to adjust to the arrival properties of the data. We have developed a non-blocking join operator, called XJoin, which has a small memory footprint, allowing many such operators to be active in parallel. XJoin is optimized to produce initial results quickly and can hide intermittent delays in data arrival by reactively scheduling background processing. We show that XJoin is an effective solution for providing fast query responses to users even in the presence of slow and bursty remote sources. 1 Wide-Area Query Processing The explosive growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web has made tremendous amounts of data available on-line. Emerging standards such as XML, combined with wrapper technologies address semantic challenges by providing relational-style interfaces to remote data. Beyond the issues of structure and semantics, however, there remain significant technical obstacles to building responsive, usable query processing systems for widearea environments. A key performance issue that arises in such environments is response-time unpredictability. Data access over wide-area networks involves a large number of remote data sources, intermediate sites, and communications links, all of which are vulnerable to overloading, congestion, and failures. Such problems can cause significant and unpredictable delays in the access of information from remote sources. These delays, in turn, cause traditional distributed query processing strategies to break down, resulting in unresponsive and hence, unusable systems. In previous work [AFTU96] we identified three classes of delays that can affect the responsiveness of query processing: 1) initial delay, in which there is a longer than expected wait until the first tuple arrives from a remote source; 2) slow delivery, in which data arrive at a fairly constant but slower than expected rate; and 3) bursty arrival, in which data arrive in a fluctuating manner. With traditional query processing techniques, query execution can become blocked even if only one of the accessed data sources experiences such delays. Copyright 2000 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Bulletin of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Data Engineering This work was partially supported by the NSF under grant IRI-94-09575, by the Office of Naval Research under contract number N66001-97-C8539 (DARPA order number F475), by a Siemens Faculty Development Award, and by an IBM Partnership Award.
The programming language jigsaw: mixins, modularity and multiple inheritance

This dissertation provides a framework for modularity in programming languages. In this framework, known as Jigsaw, inheritance is understood to be an essential linguistic mechanism for module manipulation. In Jigsaw, the roles of classes in existing languages are "unbundled," by providing a suite of operators independently controlling such effects as combination, modification, encapsulation, name resolution, and sharing, all on the single notion of module. All module operators are forms of inheritance. Thus, inheritance is not in conflict with modularity in this system, but is indeed its foundation. This allows a previously unobtainable spectrum of features to be combined in a cohesive manner, including multiple inheritance, mixins, encapsulation and strong typing. Jigsaw has a rigorous semantics, based upon a denotational model of inheritance. Jigsaw provides a notion of modularity independent of a particular computational paradigm. Jigsaw can therefore be applied to a wide variety of languages, especially special-purpose languages where the effort of designing specific mechanisms for modularity is difficult to justify, but which could still benefit from such mechanisms. The framework is used to derive an extension of Modula-3 that supports the new operations. An efficient implementation strategy is developed for this extension. The performance of this scheme is on a par with the methods employed by the highest performance object-oriented language processors currently available.
Key Dimensions of Facilitators and Inhibitors for the Strategic Use of Information Technology

A field survey was conducted to determine key organizational factors that facilitate and/or inhibit the development of strategic applications of information technology (IT) in business firms. A comprehensive list of potential facilitators and inhibitors for the strategic use of information technology was derived from past research and used as the basis for collecting data from 121 firms. These data were factor-analyzed to determine the key underlying dimensions of facilitators and inhibitors. On the basis of the resulting seven dimensions, stepwise discriminant analysis was used to compare companies that have used IT applications for strategic purposes and companies that have not done so. The results suggest that innovative needs, competitive position, environment, economies of scale, and top management guidance are the most important facilitators, while the lack of IT drivers, the lack of economies of scale, and the lack of innovative needs are the most important inhibitors.
Network File Server Design for Continuous Media

Signicant eort is currently being applied to the integration of diverse digital communication services including voice, video, images and text into computer networks. Voice and video, characteristic of continuous media, dier from traditional data in that the data delivery has strict time requirements. This temporal nature places demands on a system which are dicult to satisfy with current computer architecture, networking technology and software design. The real-time characteristics of continuous media have not been taken into account in the design of popular computer networks or operating systems. Ethernet, the most pervasive local area network, can introduce transmission delay which adversely aects the behavior of continuous media applications. Current operating systems, such as Unix and MSDOS, do not guarantee a low response time for services they provide and at high utilisation this ensures a performance decrease for concurrent processes. Consideration of the new constraints shifts design attention from the performance that is possible to the performance that is required to achieve real-time communication. Furthermore, network services based on these systems are not capable of supporting concurrent continuous media applications without loss of quality at high loads. In particular, le systems for traditional data have not been designed to support voluminous time dependent data. This dissertation examines the issues faced by the network le system designer when servicing voice and video trac. An implementation of a continuous media le server is presented to demonstrate the eectiveness of design decisions and to illuminate the impact of continuous media storage on computer architecture. To my family Preface I am grateful to my supervisor Professor Roger Needham for the opportunity and encouragement to pursue this research. My thanks and appreciation also go to numerous members of the Computer Laboratory. Particular members of the System Research Group deserve special mention including,able advice and constant stimulation provided an excellent environment in which to develop my understanding. My deepest appreciation is reserved for my family, who have supported and encouraged me through every aspect of the experience. ||||||||| Except where otherwise stated in the text, this dissertation is the result of my own work and is not the outcome of work done in collaboration. This dissertation is not substantially the same as any I have submitted for a degree or diploma or any other qualication at any other university. No part of this dissertation has already been, or is being currently submitted for any such degree, diploma or …
Essai de conservation de la tomate par la technique de la déshydratation imprégnation par immersion (DII)

La Deshydratation Impregnation par Immersion (DII) est une technique de conservation a long terme deja appliquee sur certains fruits comme la mangue, l’ananas, la banane, etc. Le present travail est une application de la DII a la conservation de la tomate (Lycopercicon esculentum Mill.) variete locale Tounvi largement cultivee au Benin. Ainsi, dans les conditions experimentales de production, une augmentation de la teneur en matiere seche soluble de 5% a 80,79% sous l’effet de la chaleur au cours de l’obtention des tomates sechees, s’est traduite par une elevation subsequente de la teneur en cendres qui passe de 0,51% pour le produit frais a 0,75% a la fin de la DII. L’acidite des tomates egalement varie de 4,5 g/L a 5,72 g/L, ce qui entraine une legere diminution du pH qui passe de 4,36 a 4,12 a la fin de la DII. Nous notons egalement une diminution de la teneur en vitamine C qui passe de 335,41 mg/L (produit frais) a 178,25 mg/L (produit seche), soit une reduction de 53,14%. Sur le plan microbiologique, pendant une periode de sept (7) semaines, une conformite a la norme AFNOR (NFV-08-402) est notee ; ce qui justifie une bonne stabilite des produits, caracterisee par l’absence des Anaerobies Sulfito-Reducteurs (ASR) et la presence de 35 UFC de germe aerobie mesophile/g et de 20 UFC Levures et Moisissures/g de tomates sechees. Mots cles : Tomate, conservation, qualite, stabilite microbiologique
Netflow services and applications

Introduction Rapid growth in Internet and intranet deployment and usage has created a major shift in both corporate and consumer computing paradigms. This shift has resulted in massive increases in demand for network bandwidth, performance, and predictable quality of service as well as multimedia and security oriented network services. Simultaneously, the need has emerged for measurement technology to support this growth by efficiently providing the information required to record network and application resource utilization. Cisco’s NetFlow services provide solutions for each of these challenges. NetFlow also provides the measurement base for Cisco’s Internet and Enterprise Quality of Service (QoS) initiatives. NetFlow captures the traffic classification or precedence associated with each flow, enabling differentiated charging based on Quality of Service.
The Structure of Phonological Theory

This dissertation takes a Minimalist approach to phonology, treating the phonological module as a system of abstract symbolic computation, divorced from phonetic content. I investigate the position of the phonological module within the architecture of grammar and the evolutionary scenario developed by Hauser et al. (2002a) and Fitch et al. (2005). Chapters 1& 2 introduce Minimalism, the substance-free approach to phonology, and Evolutionary Phonology, the tripartite foundation upon which the dissertation rests. I argue that the role of diachrony must be factored out from synchronic phonological theory: what is diachronically possible must be separated from what is computationally possible and from what is learnable. Chapter 3 seeks to define the nature of phonological representations. This chapter addresses issues such as whether phonological features are innate or emergent, how much underspecification is allowed in lexical representations, and how segmental and suprasegmental material is organized into strings. I argue that phonological representations are ‘flat’ or ‘linearly hierarchical. ’ Chapter 4 establishes the formalisms for the repertoire of primitive operations, search, copy, and delete, which account for all (morpho)phonological processes. I illustrate the application of these operations with analyses of data from domains
What's in an object?

Classes and Methods Abstract classes cannot exist as concrete objects(instances). Usually they have one or multiple abstract methods which are implemented only in subclasses. Concrete classes, on the other hand, can exist as concrete objects.classes cannot exist as concrete objects(instances). Usually they have one or multiple abstract methods which are implemented only in subclasses. Concrete classes, on the other hand, can exist as concrete objects. Example: Abstract Classes "Digital playback device" is an abstract concept of its concrete implementations – e.g. CD-player or MP3-player. Italicized class/method name indicates abstract class/method. +playback() +stop() +forward() +reverse() +next() +previous() +preview_all() -output_power: int -noise_level: int Digital_Playback_Device +playback() +stop() +forward() +reverse() +next() +previous() CD_Player +playback() +stop() +forward() +reverse() +next() +previous() MP3_Player Default Values and Constraints The attributes of an object can be provided with default values. These will be used by default if nothing is specified upon construction. Also, constraints can be used to specify requirements on attributes. This allows us to express invariants: object properties that always hold. Example: Constraints These constraints ensure that circles always have a positive radius, and rectangles positive side lengths. +area(): double +draw() +set_position(position:Point) +get_position(): Point -position: Point = (10, 10) Shape +area(): double +draw() +set_radius(radius:double) +get_radius(): double -radius: double = 1 {radius > 0} Circle +area(): double +draw() +set_a(length:double) +set_b(length:double) get_a():double get_b(): double -a: double = 10 {a > 0} -b: double = 10 {b > 0} Rectangle default value
The design and evaluation of a query processing architecture for sensor networks

With the advent of small, battery-powered, wireless computing and sensing technology, it is now possible to monitor and observe the world at unprecedented levels of granularity. Networks of such devices typically consist of tens or hundreds of small, power constrained nodes deployed in remote locations which they are expected to monitor for months or years at a time. Such networks present significant new opportunities for the data management community. In this dissertation, we summarize the issues and opportunities associated with collecting and processing information from these wireless sensor networks, focusing on the performance and ease-of-use advantages of a declarative, query-based approach. We present the architecture of a query processing system and design of a query language specifically tailored towards power-efficient acquisition and in-network processing of sensor data, with a focus on issues related to minimizing unnecessary communication and sensing. We present many of these ideas in the context of TinyDB, a prototype database system which runs on networks of Berkeley Motes, and evaluate them using both performance micro-benchmarks and measurements from real-world deployments.
Distributed simulation, algorithms and performance analysis (load balancing, distributed processing)

Simulation is one example of an application that shows great potential benefits from distributed processing. The conventional approach to simulation, that of sequentially processing the events, does not exploit the natural parallelism existing in some simulation models. This is particularly true in large models, where submodels often interact weakly and can be simulated in parallel. The decreasing cost of multiprocessor systems also suggests that a distributed approach to simulation can be workable. Moreover, such an approach can be very attractive, since time and memory limitations, often major constraints with simulation programs, may be alleviated by distributing the load among several processors. Distributed simulation requires a set of processors that can communicate by sending messages along the links of a communication network or via a shared memory. The processors each simulate a submodel of the overall model and interact when necessary. Submodel interactions produce the interprocessor communication in the simulator. Two methods for distributed simulation are studied in this thesis. Both methods are applicable to discrete time simulation models and are fully distributed in the sense that they require no central control. In one method, each processor can simulate independently as long as it is certain that no events will arrive that belongs to the past of the simulation process. In the second method, processors are not concerned about future arriving events. They simulate independently and roll back if an event arrives that belongs to the past. The thesis consists of two parts. The first presents some centralized and distributed algorithms for efficient utilization of the second method. The issue of load balancing is also discussed in this part and some heuristic algorithms are presented. The second part of the work consists of mathematical modeling and analysis of models of both methods. The analysis gives some insight into the effects of different system parameters on the performance. The performance of each method is compared with the other and also with single processor simulation. The mathematical models are then confirmed and complemented with the simulation results. Finally, results of the implementation of the second method are presented.
Eliciting and analyzing expert judgement - a practical guide

Preface to ASA-SIAM Edition Preface List of Figures List of Tables List of Examples Part I. Introduction to Expert Judgment. 1. Introduction 2. Common Questions and Pitfalls Concerning Expert Judgment 3. Background on Human Problem Solving and Bias Part II. Elicitation Procedures. 4. Selecting the Question Areas and Questions 5. Refining the Questions 6. Selecting and Motivating the Experts 7. Selecting the Components of Elicitation 8. Designing and Tailoring the Elicitation 9. Practicing the Elicitation and Training the Project Personnel 10. Conducting the Elicitation Part III. Analysis Procedures. 11. Introducing the Techniques for Analysis of Expert Judgment Data 12. Initial Look at the Data_The First Analyses 13. Understanding the Data Base Structure 14. Correlation and Bias Detection 15. Model Formation 16. Combining Responses_Aggregation 17. Characterizing Uncertainties 18. Making Inferences Appendix A. SAATY Appendix B. MCBETA Appendix C. EMPIRICAL Appendix D. BOOT Glossary of Expert Judgment Terms References Index.
Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Daging Kelinci Rex dan Lokal (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

Kelinci berpotensi sebagai alternatif sumber protein hewani. Daging kelinci mengandung protein tinggi dan kandungan lemak yang rendah dibandingkan dengan daging ternak lain. Saat ini, informasi terkait performa karkas kelinci Rex dan lokal masih sangat kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mangetahui performa karkas, perlakuan fisik dan kimia pada daging kelinci Rex dan lokal. Analisis statistik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Faktorial 2x2 dengan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis kelinci dan faktor kedua adalah jenis kelamin. 6 ekor kelinci Rex dan kelinci lokal yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 3 jantan dan 3 betina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelembaban daging kelinci Rex lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelinci lokal (P<0,05). Kelinci betina memiliki nilai pH, keempukan dan daya ikat air yang lebih baik dibanding kelinci jantan (P<0,05). Perbedaan antar perlakuan dipengaruhi oleh manajemen pemeliharaan, perlakuan sebelum antemortem dan postmortem, dan juga aktivitas kelinci.