Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cellular survival switch: poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation stimulates DNA repair and silences transcription.

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification occurring in the nucleus. The most abundant and best-characterized enzyme catalyzing this reaction, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), participates in fundamental nuclear events. The enzyme functions as molecular "nick sensor". It binds with high affinity to DNA single-strand breaks resulting in the initiation of its catalytic activity. Activated PARP1 promotes base excision repair. In addition, PARP1 modifies several transcription factors and thereby precludes their binding to DNA. We propose that a major function of PARP1 includes the silencing of transcription preventing expression of damaged genes. Concomitant stimulation of DNA repair suggests that PARP1 acts as a switch between transcription and DNA repair. Another PARP-type enzyme, tankyrase, is involved in the regulation of telomere elongation. Tankyrase modifies a telomere-associated protein and thereby prevents it masking telomeric repeats providing access of telomerase for telomere elongation. Therefore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions may act as molecular switches in DNA metabolism.
Should One Rely on Professional Exchange Rate Forecasts? An Empirical Analysis of Professional Forecasts for the Eur/Us-$ Rate

The study analyses the characteristics of professional exchange rate forecasts for the €/US$ rate. The results indicate that the quality of forecasts produced by professional economists is rather poor and incompatible with the rational expectations hypothesis. This dismal result is according to our analysis attributed to the fact that professional forecasts are to a large extent influenced by actual changes in exchange rates. A reasonable explanation for this behaviour can be derived from the behavioural finance literature. According to the anchoring heuristic, decision processes are often dominated by available pieces of information even if they are obviously of no relevance.
Market efficiency among futures with different maturities: Evidence from the crude oil futures market

Although many studies have investigated market efficiency of spot and futures prices, that among futures with different maturities has not been studied extensively. In this study, market efficiency and unbiasedness among such futures are defined and the concept of “consistently efficient (or consistently efficient and unbiased) market within n‐month maturity” is introduced. According to this definition, market efficiency and unbiasedness among WTI futures with different maturities are tested using cointegration analysis, and short‐term market efficiency, using an error correction model and GARCH‐M‐ECM. The results show that WTI futures are consistently efficient within 8‐month maturity and consistently efficient and unbiased within 2‐month maturity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:487–501, 2011
Restoring Trust in the Human Resource Management Profession

The human resource management profession faces a crisis of trust and a loss of legitimacy in the eyes of its major stakeholders. The two-decade effort to develop a new ‘strategic human resource management’ role in organizations has failed to realize its promised potential of greater status, influence, and achievement. To meet contemporary and future workplace challenges, HRM professionals will need to redefine their role and professional identity to advocate and support a better balance between employer and employee interests at work. Specifically, the next generation of HR professionals will need to be more externally focused and skilled at building networks and productive alliances with other groups and institutions, become more analytical and able to document the benefits associated with effective HR policies and practices, and be skilled at managing in an increasingly transparent society and information savvy workforce. The changing gender composition of the HR profession may affect its success in mak.
‘National’ identity, perceived fairness and organizational commitment in a Hong Kong context: a test of mediation effects

This paper builds on research exploring antecedents of organizational commitment in non-Western contexts. Using identity theory as a foundation, we develop a model which posits that the relationship between the strength of one's ‘national’ identity and affective and normative commitment is mediated by justice perceptions. Using a sample of indigenous Hong Kong employees, we found that perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice mediated the relationship between the strength of one's Hong Kong ‘national’ identity and normative commitment; while perceptions of distributive and interactional justice mediated the relationship between the strength of one's Hong Kong ‘national’ identity and affective commitment.
Origin of axonal proteins: Is the axon‐schwann cell unit a functional syncytium?

The structural homeostasis is challenging for neurons, whose axons extend up to meters in large animals, and the axoplasmic mass reaches over a thousand times that of the cell body. Thus, the protein demand may overcome the capacity of the cell body to supply the right protein species, to the right place, in the right time. In this context, a body of evidence indicates that glial cells support the axonal maintenance and regenerative responses by diverse mechanisms of intercellular communication. We showed recently that Schwann cells (SC) transfer ribosomes to axons and also enhance regeneration by means of extracellular vesicles known as exosomes that contain mRNAs, miRNAs and proteins. These findings strongly suggest that the nucleus of the SC supports the machinery for protein synthesis of the axon and participates in the specification of the phenotype of the underlying axon. That the genetic programs of many nuclei modulate the axoplasm on a local basis is akin to a syncytium but at variance with it, the nuclei belong to satellite cells. We propose that the SC‐axon unit is a functional syncytium. This intercellular organization opens a novel understanding of the nervous system and a new avenue of research into its physiology and disorders © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effective Tool or Effectively Hollow?: Balanced Budget Legislation in Western Canada

Il y a maintenant une vingtaine d’années que les premières lois d’équilibre budgétaire ont été adoptées au Canada. Cette période de temps suffisante ainsi que le ralentissement économique des dernières années créent des conditions qui permettent maintenant aux chercheurs d’analyser les effets de ces lois, dont l’objectif était d’inciter les gouvernements à une plus grande responsabilité financière. Dans cet article, nous analysons l’impact que ces lois ont eu dans les quatre provinces de l’Ouest. Notre analyse est à la fois quantitative – nous évaluons les effets des lois sur la croissance des dépenses – et qualitative – la récession de 2008–2009 ayant constitué le premier grand test pour ces lois depuis leur mise en place. Nous concluons que les lois d’équilibre budgétaire n’ont pas vraiment permis d’atteindre les objectifs fixés au départ. Notre analyse empirique montre en effet qu’elles n’ont pas permis en période de santé économique de limiter la croissance des dépenses par rapport aux revenus dans la plupart des provinces, et que celles-ci se sont donc retrouvées dans une situation de vulnérabilité quand est arrivée la récession. En d’autres mots, les lois d’équilibre budgétaire n’ont été assez solides ni pour assurer la réduction de la croissance des dépenses quand tout allait bien, ni pour éviter que les gouvernements ne choisissent de faire des déficits en période de récession. Notre analyse suggère que, comme toute loi, les lois d’équilibre budgétaire ne sont efficaces que si elles sont portées par une volonté politique et le soutien de la population.
Foreign Direct Investment And Economic Growth In Malaysia: The Role Of Domestic Financial Sector

This study aims to incorporate the role of domestic financial system in transferring the technological diffusion embodied in FDI inflows on the Malaysian economy from 1970–2001. Applying bound test, or unrestricted error correction model (UECM) proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001), the presence of FDI inflows creates a positive technological diffusion in both short- and long-run if the evolution of domestic financial system has achieved a certain minimum level. This implies that the improvement of technology level in Malaysia in the long run is due to the spillover efficiency effects from FDI. Hence, the study suggests that FDI tends to be more likely to enhance economic growth more efficiently when a recipient country has a well-developed and well-functioning financial sector.
PharmGKB: the Pharmacogenetics Knowledge Base

The Pharmacogenetics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB; http://www.pharmgkb.org/) contains genomic, phenotype and clinical information collected from ongoing pharmacogenetic studies. Tools to browse, query, download, submit, edit and process the information are available to registered research network members. A subset of the tools is publicly available. PharmGKB currently contains over 150 genes under study, 14 Coriell populations and a large ontology of pharmacogenetics concepts. The pharmacogenetic concepts and the experimental data are interconnected by a set of relations to form a knowledge base of information for pharmacogenetic researchers. The information in PharmGKB, and its associated tools for processing that information, are tailored for leading-edge pharmacogenetics research. The PharmGKB project was initiated in April 2000 and the first version of the knowledge base went online in February 2001.
Developing Competitive Advantage in the Private Medical Services Market. The Case of Romania

Health has been a top priority for a country’s stakeholders. The average health expenditure depicts an impressive variability worldwide, with Americans being the top spenders and South East Asia countries being at the bottom of the respective list. This study analyses the existing competitive advantages of the most important players in the private medical services market, in Romania. It traces their development and the factors that determine positioning strategic decisions. The competitive advantage of a business in the private medical services market is a result of a number of factors. The top three criteria of choice for a patient are doctors, medical technology and waiting time for accessing the service. The objectives of this research paper are: 1. to identify the key success factors (KSFs) and the drivers of change (DC) in the Romanian Medical Industry; 2. to propose a fine tuning in strategy as a response to changes in the macro and micro environment, 3. to re-evaluate existing business models and propose amendments that may lead to future sustainable competitive advantage and 4. to develop a proposition for growth strategies, business strategies and means of implementation that will lead to long term growth.
A survey of employee relations practices and demographics of MNC chain and domestic luxury hotels in Australia

Purpose – The paper aims to examine employment relations practices and labour market features of 4‐5 star luxury multinational chain (MNC) and domestic hotels operating in the Brisbane‐Gold Coast corridor in Australia and discuss the implications that competing on price and quality has on employment, wages and training.Design/methodology/approach – The study used data drawn from a large managerial and employee relations/demographic survey covering wages, employment status, age, gender, working conditions and training, including interview data from hotel HRM managers.Findings – The data showed a persistence of gendered, low waged and segmented labour markets dominated by flexible labour. Competition between MNC and domestic hotels were not found to be the conduit of “new” HRM practices as a competitive edge. Both MNC and domestic hotels shape the hotel labour market in a way which perpetuates cost minimization strategies based on an increasingly skilled, yet flexible and low cost labour force.Research limi.
Exploration and Exploitation within Firms: The Impact of CEOs' Cognitive Style on Incremental and Radical Innovation Performance

Previous studies have provided valuable insights into how environmental and organizational factors may influence levels of explorative and exploitative innovation in firms. At the same time, scholars suggest that individual characteristics, such as cognitive and behavioural inclinations of top executives, might also have significant impact on the ability of a firm to engage in explorative and exploitative activities. The importance of the CEO is of interest, especially in medium-sized companies, where the CEO appears to be most influential. Very few studies, however, have quantitatively examined the relationship between individual characteristics of top managers and firm-level exploration and exploitation. Most of the existing research focuses on observable managerial characteristics and the composition of top management teams. Therefore, some important psychological issues may have been bypassed. This study complements prior research in two fundamental ways. First, whereas previous studies focus on extrinsic organizational factors that influence individual exploration and exploitation, we rely on insights from cognitive psychology to hypothesize a relationship between intrinsic factors (i.e., cognitive style) and individuals' tendency for exploration versus exploitation. Second, whereas existing research remains silent on the implications of individual CEO characteristics for firm performance, we hypothesize a relationship between CEOs' tendency for exploration or exploitation and firm-level innovation performance.
Factors affecting international students’ travel behavior

This article attempted to find out important factors influencing international students’ travel behavior. A total of 409 international postgraduate students studying in five Malaysian research universities (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Universiti Malaya, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) participated in this quantitative study through a self-administered questionnaire. A structural equation modeling–partial least squares using Warp PLS 3.0 was applied to analyze data. The study revealed that a number of demographic characteristics including age, marital status, nationality, and source of finance significantly affect preferred travel activities and preferences. In addition, travel behavior (as a third-order factor) was also affected by age, marital status, nationality, and source of finance. The moderating effect of information source on relationship between nationality and travel behavior has also been identified, with its main function being adjusting the strengths of relationships between nationality and travel behavior.
Once Bitten, Twice Shy: The Relation Between Outcomes of Earnings Guidance and Management Guidance Strategy

ABSTRACT: We examine how management quarterly guidance strategy is affected by various outcomes from previously issued guidance. We find that managers are less likely to provide quarterly earnings guidance for a given year when past management forecasts have been overly optimistic, when past forecasts were unsuccessful at influencing analysts’ expectations, when past forecasts failed to reduce information asymmetry, and when past forecasts resulted in earnings disappointments. For firms that continue to give guidance, adverse prior outcomes also affect the precision of future guidance and the number of quarters within a year for which they give guidance.
Long-term efficacy of sertraline as a treatment for cholestatic pruritus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

OBJECTIVES:Generalized pruritus is a common complication of cholestatic liver diseases, although its pathogenesis remains elusive. Current treatments are often inadequate and may be poorly tolerated, so the clinician is sometimes faced with a patient in misery and no good therapeutic options. Because, in our experience, several patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) claimed that sertraline had improved their pruritus, we sought to determine whether sertraline use was associated with changes in pruritus medications or self-reported severity of pruritus in a large cohort of patients with PBC.METHODS:The self-reported severity of pruritus was followed prospectively in 40 patients with PBC for a mean of 7.5 ± 1.3 yr. These data were then retrospectively examined to determine the effect of sertraline on pruritus in all subjects who had received sertraline at some time during the study.RESULTS:For 28 of 32 patients with pruritus, itching was stable or fluctuated slightly over the follow-up period. No patient experienced rapid progression of pruritus, and four patients experienced a sustained resolution of their pruritus. Ten subjects started sertraline and continued it long enough (>6 months) to determine its lasting effect on pruritus. Three of these individuals did not have significant pruritus before or after sertraline. Of the seven patients with pruritus, six (86%) recorded a significant reduction or resolution of pruritus in their weekly diaries and also decreased or completely stopped other medications for pruritus.CONCLUSIONS:Sertraline use is associated with an improvement in cholestatic pruritus. This novel observation implies that serotonergic fibers are important in regulating the perception of itch.
Stock Markets, Growth, and Tax Policy

An extensive literature documents the role of financial markets in economic development. To help explain this relationship, this paper constructs an endogenous growth model in which a stock market emerges to allocate risk and explores how the stock market alters investment incentives in ways that change steady state growth rates. The paper demonstrates that stock markets accelerate growth by (1) facilitating the ability to trade ownership of firms without disrupting the productive processes occurring within firms and (2) allowing agents to diversify portfolios. Tax policy affects growth directly by altering investment incentives and indirectly by changing the incentives underlying financial contracts. Copyright 1991 by American Finance Association.
Success and Failure in New Business Start-Ups

DAVID SMALIBONE IS A SENIOR LECTURER IN the school of Geography and planning at Middlsex Polytechnic, Engalnad,with urrentresearch interest in enterprise agaencies, new business and adjusttment processes in nature small frims. this paer aims to ccontribute to knowlede of the charctersitics nd problems of new firms through a lngtudiinal study of a group ofo new business helped tostart by a loca lenterpriise eagency, a unique British organisatiion which provides free or low-cost advice andsupport to young firm and which are themselves funded by laarge local business and local authorities. The characteristics of survving andfaled businesses are described, together wiith theproblems faced in the itnitial trading periodl. the role of external agencies n provding continued support aftr start upsi also discussed breifly. Apart from contributing to a more informed assesment of the recent grwth in the number of new business and self-employed, the paer outlines smeimplcation of the findings for improving the qualty of new business starts.
Spatial Effects of Labour Policies Promoted in Italy from 1996 to 2006: An Analysis in the EU Context

One of the most important economic and social facts concerning the European Union consists in the mismatch among its regions in terms of unemployment rates. The paper aims at examining and measuring the efficiency of Italian policies for labour market carried out in the last 10 years, in terms of reduction in the regional disparities in comparison with the whole European distribution of unemployment. We question whether these policies have been successful or the territorial dimension has still a relevant role on the unemployment in Italy. We try to answer to this question by calculating the Theil Index using data from 1996 to 2006 on unemployment and participation from Eurostat at NUTS 2 level, comparing Italian data with those of other EU countries. Our results show that Italy has still a prominent role in the geographical disparities among regions and that its contribution to the geographical concentration of unemployment is still high (especially if we consider female and youth unemployment).
Measuring symptom relief in studies of vaginal and vulvar atrophy: the most bothersome symptom approach

Objective: To assess the importance and usefulness of self-reported symptom data, especially the most bothersome symptom, in the evaluation of treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy. Design: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study. Women rated symptoms associated with vaginal atrophy (vaginal dryness, vaginal/vulvar irritation/itching, vaginal/vulvar soreness, and dyspareunia) before and during treatment and selected one moderate to severe symptom as the most bothersome. Results: Among 310 women (n = 156 placebo), vaginal dryness and dyspareunia were most commonly classified as moderate to severe and as most bothersome (44.4% and 30.2%, respectively). For both symptoms, the effect size favoring active treatment consistently increased as the cohort was more narrowly defined (all treated women, women who classified the symptom as moderate or severe, and those who classified the symptom as most bothersome). Compared with the standardized effect sizes for all women, those calculated from the most bothersome symptom were 49% and 62% greater for dyspareunia and dryness, respectively. Conclusions: The most bothersome symptom approach represents a meaningful new standard for measurement of self-assessed vulvovaginal atrophy symptom change, but evaluation of change in individual symptoms remains an important, unbiased primary analysis of efficacy in vulvovaginal atrophy studies.
Graduate Unemployment: Dilemmas and Challenges in China's Move to Mass Higher Education

China's recent upsurge in graduate unemployment has specific causes relating to economic development, education policy-making, and reforms in the economy as well as in higher education. With a focus on graduate unemployment, this study looks at the historical and socio-economic conditions for China's move to raise the level of participation in higher education, the rationale behind the 1999 decision to accelerate the pace of expansion in the tertiary education sector, and the impact of this rapid expansion on society, and on graduate employment in particular. Martin Trow's theory is adopted as a theoretical framework within which the dilemmas and challenges of China's mass higher education movement are analysed. Through examining the relationship between the development of higher education and economic growth, this report questions whether China's higher education sector should have expanded and continue to expand on such a large scale.
10×10nm2 Hf/HfOx crossbar resistive RAM with excellent performance, reliability and low-energy operation

We report on world's smallest HfO2-based Resistive RAM (RRAM) cell to date, featuring a novel Hf/HfOx resistive element stack, with an area of less than 10×10 nm2, fast ns-range on/off switching times at low-voltages and with a switching energy per bit of &#60;0.1pJ. With excellent endurance of more than 5.107cycles, large on/off verified-window (>50), no closure of the on/off window after 30hrs/200C and failure-free device operation after 30hrs/250C thermal stress, the major device-level nonvolatile memory requirements are met. Furthermore, we clarify the impact of film crystallinity on cell operation from a scalability viewpoint, the role of the cap layer and bring insight into the switching mechanisms.