Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RF Magnetron Sıçratma ile Sentezlenen Nano Yapılı ZnO Yarıiletken İnce Filmlerin Optik ve Yüzey Özellikleri

In this research, ZnO thin films were deposited on glass microscope slides in three separate experiments with RF input powers of 50 W, 100 W and 125 W by means of RF magnetron sputtering technique. Each deposition process was conducted for 30 minutes. Spectroscopic reflectometer , UV-VIS spectrophotometer and atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to examine the effect of sputtering power on the optical and surface properties of the produced thin films. The level of reflectivity and transparency, refractive index and band gap energy values as well as surface homogeneity and roughness were observed to rely on the RF input power. The optical band gap energy values were about 3.83-3.87 eV. The produced highly transparent ZnO thin films can be used in various optoelectronic devices and future transparent conductive electrode implementations.
The Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment

The Conference on the Human Environment, held at Stockholm from June 5 to 16, 1972, was in many respects the most successful inter-national conference held in recent years. In a two-week period it adopted not only a basic Declaration and a detailed resolution on institutional and financial arrangements, but also 109 recommendations comprising an ambitious action plan. The Declaration contains a set of "common principles to inspire and guide the peoples of the world in the preservation and enhancement of the human environment. " The resolution on institutional and financial arrangements proposed the establishment by the General Assembly of the United Nations of: an intergovernmental Governing Council for Environmental Pro-grammes, to provide general policy guidance for the direction and coordination of environmental programs; an Environment Secretariat headed by an Executive Director; an Environment Fund, to provide additional financing for environmental programs; and an interagency Environmental Co-ordinating Board for the purpose of ensuring cooperation and coordination among all bodies concerned in the implementation of environmental programs.
The neural mechanism of pure and pseudo-insight problem solving

Abstract Only problems that cannot be solved without representational changes can be regarded as pure insight problems; others are classified as pseudo-insight problems. Existing studies using neuroimaging have not yet distinguished between pure insight and pseudo-insight problems. This study is the first to investigate the brain mechanism of representational change via the remote associates test. Based on the homonymy of Chinese characters, we developed two sets of Chinese remote associates tests (CRATs). By comparing the brain activity of 30 adults during pure and pseudo-insight problem solving, we analysed the commonality and uniqueness of brain activation while solving these two insight problems. The results show that these two types of insight problem solving share the same brain activation area (i.e., the ventral precuneus and thalamus) and different operating areas. This study enhances our understanding of how representational change generates insight.
Subjective well‐being and valuation of future health states: Discrepancies between anticipated and experienced life satisfaction

One way of informing health policy decisions is to ask people about the impact that different health states would have on their future subjective well‐being. The present research explored the relation between anticipated and experienced changes in health‐related subjective well‐being, and examined whether affective forecasting errors could be reduced by psychological distancing manipulations. Using survey methodology, we tested whether people can accurately estimate the impact of different possible health states on their subjective well‐being. We also manipulated psychological distance: Forecasts were made about present self, future self, or others. Based on construal level theory and past work on affective forecasting errors, our prediction was that increasing psychological distance may reduce the mismatch between anticipated and experienced impact of health states on subjective well‐being. We found that the impact of ill health on subjective well‐being was greatly overpredicted and that this overprediction was not eliminated when participants were asked to make predictions about themselves in the future or about other people. Consistent with past work, we found that our participants correctly expected that their subjective well‐being would deteriorate more if they experienced the highest levels of mental illness as compared to the highest intensities of pain or most severe limitations to physical functioning.
L'investissement étranger direct et le commerce international

Les liens entre les echanges et les investissements etrangers directs sont au cœur du processus de mondialisation. Des travaux analytiques ont ete developpes recemment par l’OCDE pour explorer la nature de ces liens sur le plan quantitatif. Le present rapport fait une synthese des precedents travaux a caractere plus technique qui etaient developpes au cours des trois dernieres annees.Ces travaux empiriques ont revele la complexite de ces liens, mais ont egalement demontre l’influence majeure et positive qu’exerce l’investissement direct sur les echanges, particulierement apres le milieu des annees 80. Les donnees ont montre que les investissements directs a l’etranger stimulent l’accroissement des exportations des pays d’origine et sont par consequent complementaires aux echanges .
Modeling Imprecision in Perception, Valuation and Choice

Traditional decision theory assumes that people respond to the exact features of the options available to them, but observed behavior seems much less precise. This review considers ways of introducing imprecision into models of economic decision making, and stresses the usefulness of analogies with the way that imprecise perceptual judgments are modeled in psychophysics — the branch of experimental psychology concerned with the quantitative relationship between objective features of an observer's environment and elicited reports about their subjective appearance. It reviews key ideas from psychophysics, provides examples of the kinds of data that motivate them, and proposes lessons for economic modeling. Applications include stochastic choice, choice under risk, decoy effects in marketing, global game models of strategic interaction, and delayed adjustment of prices in response to monetary disturbances.
The Effect of Basil and Cloves in Lowering Blood Pressure in Rats Suffering from High Blood Pressure

The aim of this study was to conduct the possible antihypertensive effects of basil(Ocimumbasilicum) and cloves(Syzygiumaromaticum) in high blood pressure rats. The rats (n=30) were divided into two main groups, the first main group (n=6 rats) fed on basal diet as a control negative group. The second main group (n=24rats) received high sodium diet for 8 weeks to induce hypertensive in rats. After these periods, the high sodium diet group was divided into (4) subgroups (n=6 rats for each), the first subgroup fed on high sodium diet as a control positive group. Subgroups (2, 3 and 4)were fed on high sodium diet supplemented with basil (200mg/kg1 per day), cloves (200mg/kg1 per day) and (basil 100gm/kg + cloves 100gm/kg per day) respectively. Results: the results cleared that, basil, cloves and mixture of theme reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure.in addition to significant decrease in the mean values of total lipid profile, glucose, Serum Glutamic Oxalocetic Transaminase(SGOT)and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) in all treated groups, compared to positive control groups, while high-density lipoprotein (HDLc) increased.
The Global Capital Flows Cycle: Structural Drivers and Transmission Channels

In this paper, we study the effects of structural shocks that influence global risk – the main factor behind a “global capital flows cycle” – and how risk, in turn, is transmitted to capital flows. Our results show that not all the risk shocks driving the global financial cycle have the same effects on capital flows. Changes in global risk caused by pure financial shocks have the largest impact on the global configuration of capital flows, followed by US monetary policy shocks. As regards the transmission of risk to capital flows, we uncover a traditional “trilemma”, as countries more financially open and adopting a strict peg are more sensitive to global risk. This “trilemma” is mainly driven by one category of cross-border flows, “other investment”, confirming the importance of cross-border banking loans in the narrative of the global financial cycle. JEL Classification: E42, E52, F31, F36, F41
A Building Information Model (BIM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based System for Personal Thermal Comfort Evaluation and Energy Efficient Design of Interior Space

It is crucial to evaluate indoor personal thermal comfort for a comfortable and green thermal environment. At present, the research on individual thermal comfort does not consider its implementation mode. Moreover, the improvement of energy saving efficiency under the premise of increasing human comfort is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. In this paper, we proposed a Building Information Model (BIM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based system to solve this problem. The system consists of two parts including an ANN predictive model considering the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index, the persons’ position, and an innovative plugin of BIM to realize dynamic evaluation and energy efficient design. The ANN model has three layers, considering three environment parameters (air temperature, air humidity, and wind speed around the person), three human state parameters (human metabolism rate, clothing thermal resistance, and the body position) and four body parameters (gender, age, height, and weight) as inputs. The plugin provides two functions. One is to provide corresponding personal thermal comfort evaluation results with dynamic changes of parameters returned by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The other one is to provide energy saving optimization suggestions for interior space design by simulating the energy consumption index of different design schemes. In the data test, the Mean Squared Error (MSE) of the established ANN model was about 0.39, while the MSE of traditional PMV model was about 2.1. The system realized the integration of thermal information and a building model, thereby providing guidance for the creation of a comfortable and green indoor environment.
Contributions of Mindfulness to Improvisational Behavior and Consequences on Business Performance and Stress of Entrepreneurs during Economic Downturn

ABSTRACT This research investigates the role of mindfulness among Thai entrepreneurs that can be linked to their improvisational behavior that, in turn, explains business performance and stress during a period of economic contraction in Thailand. This research collected survey data from a sample of 186 owners of small retail shops in major marketplaces in Bangkok, Thailand. Results from partial least squares structural equation modeling show that mindfulness had a positive relationship with the degree of improvisational behavior exhibited by entrepreneurs. The findings also reveal that the entrepreneurs who exhibited a higher degree of improvisational behavior achieved higher business performance and had lower stress.
How emotional displays and service quality impact satisfaction and loyalty: A gendered look

ABSTRACT Success in the restaurant industry is, in part, determined by boundary spanning service providers’ ability to manage their emotions with the goal of providing excellent service while simultaneously authentically displaying the proper emotions to connect with the guest. How men and women respond to these displays of emotion is of interest, as previous scholars have demonstrated perceptions and reactions to service delivery differ across genders. This study utilized a between subject quasi-experimental design manipulating each one of the independent variables (gender, emotional labor, and service quality) in a dichotomous fashion for each scenario. The dependent variables measured were satisfaction and loyalty. The results indicated that women are more receptive to deep acting than are their male counterparts, and are thus, more likely to be loyal to an organization if deep acting is employed. How to encourage deep acting among foodservice providers is discussed.
The neuroanatomical correlates of individual differences in delay discounting: A voxel-based morphometry study

Delay discounting refers to the reduction in the present value of a future reward as the delay to that reward increases, which is related to various problematic behaviors, such as substance abuse. In this study, we explored the neuroanatomical correlates of delay discounting by employing voxel-based morphometry and the individual difference approach. We found that participants’ delay discounting, measured by the Monetary Choice Questionnaire, was correlated with the gray matter volume (GMV) of two cortical regions. On the one hand, individuals with a larger GMV of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were likely to discount future values less steeply and choose large but delayed rewards. On the other hand, individuals with a larger GMV of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are likely to discount the future value more steeply and prefer small but immediate rewards. Our study revealed the neuroanatomical correlates of delay discounting across the whole brain, and may help to understand the delay discounting in the frame of the hot versus cool system, which demonstrates the dynamics of resisting present temptation for future rewards.
Does Self-esteem Mediate the Relationship between Gratitude and Subjective Well-being?

There is a growing body of research investigating the relationships among gratitude, self-esteem, and subjective well-being. However, there remains a scarcity of research examining the impact of self-esteem on the relationship between gratitude and subjective well-being within Arabic context. In this study, 300 Arabic speaking adults completed measurements of gratitude, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and positive and negative experiences. Participants’ ages ranged between 18 and 54 years with a mean age of 29.67 years (SD = 8.91). The correlation results revealed that there were significant positive relationships between gratitude, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and positive experience, while there were significant negative relationships between gratitude, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and negative experience. The results also showed that gratitude and self-esteem directly predicted subjective well-being. Additionally, using structural equation modeling, self-esteem exerted a mediation effect on the relationship between gratitude and subjective well-being. The results suggest that enhancing self-esteem could assist adults who have gratitude to experience greater subjective well-being. Using the source of self-esteem, researchers and professionals could improve one’s subjective wellbeing by employing various gratitude activities.
Does It Pay to Fight Crime? Evidence from the Pacification of Slums in Rio de Janeiro

This paper studies the effects of policies fighting drug gangs. We exploit the pacification program of slums in Rio de Janeiro, whose progressive rollout across several districts allows the identification of its causal effects on several crime indicators measured from o cial crime data. By combining a proxy variable and by adding simple structure to the empirical model, we correct the endogeneity bias resulting from the unobserved crime reporting change associated with the policy. We find that the program decreases murder rate by 7 percent, but increases assault rate by 51 percent, resulting in a rise in the total number of crimes. Our results are explained both by marginal and absolute crime deterrence effects, and the fact that drug gangs secure the territories under their control.
Welfare Losses of Road Congestion

We estimate the marginal external congestion cost of motor-vehicle travel for Rome, Italy, using a methodology that accounts for hypercongestion (a situation where congestion decreases a road’s throughput). We show that the external cost – even when roads are not hypercongested – is substantial, equaling about two thirds of the private (time) cost of travel. About one third of this cost is borne by public transport users. Most roads are never hypercongested, but some are hypercongested for more than one hour per day. Hypercongestion accounts for about 40 percent of congestion-related welfare losses. Welfare losses incurred on roads that are hypercongested are substantial, predominantly because of a reduction in speed rather than throughput. Our results suggest policies that reduce congestion can result in important welfare gains.
Identifying multidisciplinary research gaps across Arctic terrestrial gradients

Global warming is driving environmental change in the Arctic. However, our current understanding of this change varies strongly among different environmental disciplines and is limited by the number and distribution of field sampling locations. Here, we use a quantitative framework based on multivariate statistical modeling to present the current state of sampling across environmental disciplines in the Arctic. We utilize an existing database of georeferenced Arctic field studies to investigate how sampling locations and citations of disciplines are distributed across Arctic topographical, soil and vegetation conditions, and highlight critical regions for potential new research areas in different disciplines. Continuous permafrost landscapes, and the northernmost Arctic bioclimatic zones are studied and cited the least in relation to their extent in many disciplines. We show that the clusters of sampling locations and citations are not uniform across disciplines. Sampling locations in Botany and Biogeochemistry cover environmental gradients the best, and Microbiology, Meteorology, Geosciences And Geographic Information Systems/remote Sensing/Modeling have the worst coverage. We conclude that across all disciplines, more research is needed particularly in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, northern Greenland, central and eastern Siberia, and in some disciplines, in Canadian mainland, central Alaska, western Siberia and northern Taimyr region. We provide detailed maps of potential new sampling locations for each environmental discipline that consider multiple variables simultaneously. These results will help prioritize future research efforts, thus increasing our knowledge about the Arctic environmental change.
An Experimental Investigation of White Counselors Broaching Race and Racism

Broaching involves actively addressing culture and power in session, a counseling skill that is underused despite its promising track record. In an experimental analogue design, the authors studied potential clients’ evaluation of an initial broaching statement. Results provide evidence of the therapeutic benefits of broaching, preference for broaching that addresses the counseling relationship, and the role of positionality in evaluating counselors’ cultural responsiveness. Implications for broaching with minoritized clients are discussed.
Depression and Anxiety Symptoms, Social Support, and Demographic Factors Among Kenyan High School Students

Objectives Depression and anxiety are leading causes of youth disability worldwide, yet our understanding of these conditions in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) youths is limited. Research has been sparse in SSA, and prevalence rates and correlates of these conditions remain scarcely investigated. To help address these gaps, this cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms in a community sample of high school students in Kenya. We also examined associations between those symptoms and psychosocial and sociodemographic factors. Methods We administered self-report measures of depression and anxiety symptoms, social support, gratitude, growth mindsets, and life satisfaction to 658 students (51.37% female) aged 13–19. Results Only the measures of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screen-7), and social support (Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support Scale) showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach alpha > 0.70) in the study sample. Findings with these measures among Kenyan youths showed high levels of depression symptoms (45.90% above clinical cutoff) and anxiety symptoms (37.99% above clinical cutoff). Older adolescents reported higher depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as lower social support than younger adolescents. Females reported more anxiety than males, and members of minority tribes reported more anxiety than members of majority tribes. Conclusions This study highlights the high prevalence of adolescent internalizing symptoms in Kenyan high school students, identifies important correlates of these symptoms, and illustrates the need for culturally appropriate assessment tools.
Training Program on Decision Making for Fourth Year Students at the Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University

Background: Nurses use knowledge, skills and critical thinking to make the effective decisions that enable them to provide care in a variety of traditional and expanding nursing roles. The rapid changes in health care environment have expanded the decision-making role of the nurse. Therefore, one of the emphasized goals of nursing education is to increase and improve learners' thinking and decision-making skills. Aim of the study: The study aims to identify the effect of a decision making training program on knowledge and skills of fourth year nursing students. Setting: The study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University. Subjects: A total of 338 nursing students, enrolled in the fourth year at the time of the study, during the academic year 2011-2012 were recruited for the study. Of these, 125 students (18 males & 107 females) agreed to participate. Three tools were used for data collection. They included;1) The knowledge questionnaire sheet,2) Five situations about decision-making, and 3)Students' decision-making evaluation sheet. Results: Before implementation of the program, all students (100%) had inadequate knowledge and the highest percentage of them (84.8%) had unsatisfactory practices regarding decision-making. After the implementation of the program, most of students (92.8%) had adequate knowledge and more than half of them (55.2%) had satisfactory practices immediately after implementation the program. However, these percentages dropped to 65.6% and 51.2% respectively in the follow-up test. There are statistically significant correlations between students' knowledge and practices scores in the post and follow-up tests. Conclusion and recommendation: The findings led to the conclusion that such training is effective in improving students' knowledge and practices about decision making. In the light of the findings, it is recommended to incorporate such training in Nursing Faculty curricula, with more use of appropriate educational and clinical strategies to foster critical thinking and decision-making skills.