Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collecting client feedback.

While highly effective, psychotherapy outcome studies suggest 5-14% of clients worsen while in treatment and that therapists are unable to identify a substantial portion of such cases. Methods to systematically collect feedback from psychotherapy clients are discussed and two systems for monitoring treatment response, feeding back this information, and assisting in problem-solving with such cases are described. Within these systems, obtaining client ratings of their relationship appear to be highly important. We summarize meta-analyses of the effects of these feedback systems (The combined weighted random effect size for the Partners for Change Outcome Management System was r = .23, 95% CI [.15, .31], p < .001, k = 3, n = 558; the effect size for the Feedback condition of the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ) system among not-on-track patients was r = . 25, 95% CI [. 15, . 34], p < . 001, k = 4, n = 454; the effect size for the Patient/Therapist Feedback condition of the OQ system among not-on-track patients was r = . 25, 95% CI [. 15, . 34], p < . 001, k = 3, n = 495; the effect size for the Clinical Support Tools feedback condition among not-on-track patients was r = . 33, 95% CI [. 25, . 40], p < . 001, k = 3, n = 535). The number of psychotherapy patients who deteriorate can be cut in half by use of these systems. We conclude with a series of practice implications, including that clinicians seriously consider making formal methods of collecting client feedback a routine part of their daily practice.
Arginase: an emerging key player in the mammalian immune system

The enzyme arginase metabolizes L‐arginine to L‐ornithine and urea. Besides its fundamental role in the hepatic urea cycle, arginase is also expressed the immune system of mice and man. While significant interspecies differences exist regarding expression, subcellular localization and regulation of immune cell arginase, associated pathways of immunopathology are comparable between species. Arginase is induced in murine myeloid cells mainly by Th2 cytokines and inflammatory agents and participates in a variety of inflammatory diseases by down‐regulation of nitric oxide synthesis, induction of fibrosis and tissue regeneration. In humans, arginase I is constitutively expressed in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and is liberated during inflammation. Myeloid cell arginase‐mediated L‐arginine depletion profoundly suppresses T cell immune responses and this has emerged as a fundamental mechanism of inflammation‐associated immunosuppression. Pharmacological interference with L‐arginine metabolism is a novel promising strategy in the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity or unwanted immune deviation.
Effectiveness of group CBT in treating adolescents with depression symptoms: a critical review

Abstract Depression is among the most common psychological disorders of adolescents. Its management is based on pharmacological treatment, psychological therapy, or a combination thereof. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most extensively tested intervention for adolescent depression. A PubMed search was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of the efficacy of CBT in treating adolescents with depressive symptoms published in 2005–2015. Keywords were “cognitive behavioral therapy”, “group therapy”, “depression” and “adolescent”. Of the 23 papers that were retrieved, only six met all inclusion criteria. Three of them reported a significant reduction in depressive symptom severity after either individual or group (G)-CBT compared with the control group, even with a small number of CBT sessions (six rather than 10–12), with a medium or medium-to-large effect size. One study reported improved self-awareness and a significantly greater increase in perceived friend social support compared with bibliotherapy and check with brochure. Two studies reported clinical symptom reduction without significant differences compared with the control group (activity contrast). This review highlighted primarily that very few RCT have applied CBT in adolescents; moreover, it confirmed the effectiveness of G-CBT, especially as psychotherapy, although it was not always superior to other interventions (e.g. other activities in prevention programs). Comparison showed that G-CBT and group interpersonal psychotherapy were both effective in reducing depressive symptoms. Successful G-CBT outcomes were related to the presence of peers, who were an important source of feedback and support to observe, learn, and practice new skills to manage depressive symptoms and improve social-relational skills.
Muscle imbalance among elite Australian rules football players: a longitudinal study of changes in trunk muscle size.

CONTEXT Trunk muscles, such as the transversus abdominis (TrA) and multifidus, play a key role in lumbopelvic stability, which is important in athletic performance. Asymmetry or imbalance in these and other trunk muscles could result from the specific requirements of the game of Australian rules football. OBJECTIVE To determine whether seasonal variations in the sizes of key trunk muscles associated with lumbopelvic stability occur in Australian Football League players. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Hospital. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS The number of players eligible to participate at each of the 4 time points was 36 at the start of preseason 1 (T1), 31 at end of season 1 (T2), 43 at the end of preseason 2 (T3), and 41 at the start of preseason 3 (T4). The group with data at all 4 time points (n = 20) was used in the analyses and was shown to be representative of the total sample. INTERVENTION(S) Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the multifidus (vertebral levels L2 to L5) and lumbar erector spinae (LES) muscles (L3), as well as the thickness of the TrA and internal oblique (IO) muscles at L3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cross-sectional areas of the multifidus and LES muscles and thickness of the TrA and IO muscles. RESULTS By the end of the playing season, results showed 11.1% atrophy for multifidus CSA at L3 and 21% atrophy for TrA thickness at rest. In comparison, the CSA of the LES muscles increased by 3.6%, and the thickness of the IO muscle increased by 11.8% compared with the start of the preseason. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated an imbalance of the key muscles associated with lumbopelvic stability.
Teacher Participation in Professional Activities and Job Satisfaction: Prevalence and Associative Relationship to Retention for High School Science Teachers

Teacher Participation in Professional Activities and Job Satisfaction: Prevalence and Associative Relationship to Retention for High School Science Teachers. (December 2010) Todd Dane Bozeman, B.S., Lubbock Christian University; M.Ed., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Carol L. Stuessy In this dissertation, I used survey response data from 385 science teachers situated in 50 randomly selected Texas high schools to describe the prevalence of high school science teacher participation in professional activities and levels of job satisfaction. Using relative risk statistics, I determined the direction and significance of multiple associative relationships involving teachers’ participation in professional activities, satisfaction with working conditions, and retention state. Finally, I used these results to make specific policy recommendations. Teachers participate in diverse professional activities. Descriptive analyses of responses from teachers revealed higher rates of participation in development activities than in maintenance or management activities. Relative risk statistics exposed several positive and significant associative relationships between participation in specific professional activities (i.e., observation of other science teachers, involvement in a science education study group) and teacher retention. Additionally, results of risk
Intraexaminer reliability of measurement of tooth color by spectrophotometry.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate intraexaminer reliability in measurement of basic tooth color by use of a clinically applicable spectrophotometer. METHOD AND MATERIALS Three examiners determined the L* (lightness), C* (chroma), and h* (hue) values and tooth color according to the Vita 3D-Master shade guide system (Vident), twice for 161 anterior teeth of 19 subjects by use of a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade 1, Vita Zahnfabrik). Between the 2 measurements on each tooth, the investigators had to completely remove the probe tip from the mouth. The reliability of the measurements was observed, and deviations between the 2 L*C*h* measurements, as well as DeltaEab for the measurements, were calculated. RESULTS Exact agreement of chosen shade tab according to the 3D-Master shade guide was achieved in 48% of cases. Mean DeltaL*, DeltaC*, and Deltah* for all examiners were 1.9 (SD 1.7), 1.3 (SD 1.3), and 0.5 degrees (SD 0.7 degrees), respectively. The maximum deviation was 9 for DeltaL*, 7 for DeltaC*, and 3 degrees for Deltah*. Mean DeltaEab for the measurements was 2.7 (SD 1.8, range 0 to 9.5). CONCLUSION Intraexaminer reliability was usually acceptable, although a clinically relevant difference between the 2 measurements of an examiner was occasionally observed. This uncertainty should be borne in mind in clinical routine and in studies reporting changes in color, eg, studies of tooth bleaching.
Trends in American economic growth, 1929-1982

The growth rate of national income has fluctuated widely in the United States since 1929. In this volume, Edward F. Denison uses the growth accounting methodology he pioneered and refined in earlier studies to track changes in the trend of output and its determinants. At every step he systematically distinguishes changes in the economy's ability to produce as measured by his series on potential national income from changes in the ratio of actual output to potential output. Using data for earlier years as a backdrop, Denison focuses on the dramatic decline in the growth of potential national income that started in 1974 and was further accentuated beginning in 1980, and on the pronounced decline from business cycle to business cycle in the average ratio of actual to potential output, a slide under way since 1969. The decline in growth rates has been especially pronounced in national income per person employed and other productivity measures as growth of total output has slowed despite a sharp acceleration in growth of employment and total hours at work. Denison organizes his discussion around eight table that divide 1929-82 into three long periods (the last, 1973-82) and seven shorter periods (the most recent, 1973-79 and 1979-82). These tables provide estimates of the sources of growth for eight output measures in each period. Denison stresses that the 1973-82 period of slow growth in unfinished. He observes no improvement in the productivity trend, only a weak cyclical recovery from a 1982 low. Sources-of-growth tables isolate the contributions made to growth between "input" and "output per unit of input. " Even so, it is not possible to quantify separately the contribution of all determinants, and Denison evaluates qualitatively the effects of other developments on the productivity slowdown.
CELL CYCLE AND CELL MORTALITY OF ALEXANDRIUM MINUTUM (DINOPHYCEAE) UNDER SMALL‐SCALE TURBULENCE CONDITIONS 1

Decreased net population growth rates and cellular abundances have been observed in dinoflagellate species exposed to small‐scale turbulence. Here, we investigated whether these effects were caused by alterations in the cell cycle and/or by cell mortality and, in turn, whether these two mechanisms depended on the duration of exposure to turbulence. The study was conducted on the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim, with the same experimental design and setup used in previous studies to allow direct comparison among results. A combination of microscopy and Coulter Counter measurements allowed us to detect cell mortality, based on the biovolume of broken cells and thecae. The turbulence applied during the exponential growth phase caused an immediate transitory arrest in the G2/M phase, but significant mortality did not occur. This finding suggests that high intensities of small‐scale turbulence can alter the cell division, likely affecting the correct chromosome segregation during the dinomitosis. When shaking persisted for >4 d, mortality signals and presence of anomalously swollen cells appeared, hinting at the activation of mechanisms that induce programmed cell death. Our study suggests that the sensitivity of dinoflagellates to turbulence may drive these organisms to find the most favorable (calm) conditions to complete their division cycle.
Myostatin Gene Expression is Reduced in Humans with Heavy-Resistance Strength Training: A Brief Communication

This study examined changes in myostatin gene expression in response to strength training (ST). Fifteen young and older men (n = 7) and women (n = 8) completed a 9-week heavy-resistance unilateral knee extension ST program. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the dominant vastus lateralis before and after ST. In addition to myostatin mRNA levels, muscle volume and strength were measured. Total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA, and myostatin mRNA was quantified using quantitative PCR by standard fluorescent chemistries and was normalized to 18S rRNA levels. A 37% decrease in myostatin expression was observed in response to ST in all subjects combined (2.70 ± 0.36 vs 1.69 ± 0.18 U, arbitrary units; P < 0.05). Though the decline in myostatin expression was similar regardless of age or gender, the small number of subjects in these subgroups suggests that this observation needs to be confirmed. No significant correlations were observed between myostatin expression and any muscle strength or volume measure. Although further work is necessary to clarify the findings, these data demonstrate that myostatin mRNA levels are reduced in response to heavy-resistance ST in humans.
A Study of Dark Matter with Spiral Galaxy Rotation Curves

To constrain the properties of dark matter, we study spiral galaxy rotation curves measured by the THINGS collaboration. A model that describes a mixture of two self-gravitating non-relativistic ideal gases, “baryons” and “dark matter”, reproduces the measured rotation curves within observational uncertainties. The model has four parameters that are obtained by minimizing a x2 between the measured and calculated rotation curves. From these four parameters, we calculate derived galaxy parameters. We find that dark matter satisfies the Boltzmann distribution. The onset of Fermi-Dirac or Bose-Einstein degeneracy obtains disagreement with observations and we determine, with 99% confidence, that the mass of dark matter particles is mh> 16 eV if fermions, or mh> 45 eV if bosons. We measure the root-mean-square velocity of dark matter particles in the spiral galaxies. This observable is of cosmological origin and allows us to obtain the root-mean-square velocity of dark matter particles in the early universe when perturbations were still linear. Extrapolating to the past we obtain the expansion parameter at which dark matter particles become non-relativistic: ahNR=[4.17±0.34(STAT)±2.50(SYST)]×10−6. Knowing we then obtain the dark matter particle mass mh=69.0±4.2(stat)±31.0(syst)eV, and the ratio of dark matter-to-photon temperature Th/T=0.389±0.008(stat)±0.058(syst) after e+e− annihilation while dark matter remains ultra-relativistic. We repeat these measurements with ten galaxies with masses that span three orders of magnitude, and angular momenta that span five orders of magnitude, and obtain fairly consistent results. We conclude that dark matter was once in thermal equilibrium with the (pre? ) Standard Model particles (hence the observed Boltzmann distribution) and then decoupled from the Standard Model and from self-annihilation at temperatures above mμ. These results disfavor models with freeze-out or freeze-in. We also measure the primordial amplitude of vector modes, and constrain the baryon-dark matter cross-section: . Finally, we consider sterile Majorana neutrinos as a dark matter candidate.
Acquired left ventricular noncompaction as a cardiac manifestation of neuromuscular disorders

Objectives. In single cases left-ventricular-hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT) develops after birth (acquired-LVHT). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acquired-LVHT, to look for echocardiographic similarities between acquired-LVHT cases, to determine the interval between the last normal echocardiography and detection of acquired-LVHT, and which neuromuscular-disorders are associated with acquired-LVHT. Design. We retrospectively looked for acquired-LVHT among a cohort of 22 LVHT-patients, diagnosed during 3 years. We compared cardiac and extra-cardiac findings between patients with acquired-LVHT. Results. Among the 22 patients with LVHT, acquired-LVHT was found in four of them. One of the four was echocardiographically normal when investigated before the detection of LVHT. At diagnosis of LVHT echocardiography showed cardiac abnormalities in addition to LVHT in three of the four patients. The last echocardiography without LVHT was carried out on the average 3.8y before LVHT was detected. Two patients had a dystrophinopathy and two patients a metabolic myopathy. Conclusion. Acquired-LVHT is more frequent than previously thought, requires review of previous echocardiographies, is largely associated with other cardiac abnormalities, and occurs most frequently together with neuromuscular-disorders.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for MIMO-OFDM Systems Serving Random Sources With Statistical QoS Requirement

This paper optimizes resource allocation that maximizes the energy efficiency (EE) of wireless systems with statistical quality of service (QoS) requirement, where a delay bound and its violation probability need to be guaranteed. To avoid wasting energy when serving random sources over wireless channels, we convert the QoS exponent, a key parameter to characterize statistical QoS guarantee under the framework of effective bandwidth and effective capacity, into multi-state QoS exponents dependent on the queue length. To illustrate how to optimize resource allocation, we consider multi-input-multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. A general method to optimize the queue length based bandwidth and power allocation (QRA) policy is proposed, which maximizes the EE under the statistical QoS constraint. A closed-form optimal QRA policy is derived for massive MIMO-OFDM system with infinite antennas serving the first order autoregressive source. The EE limit obtained from infinite delay bound and the achieved EEs of different policies under finite delay bounds are analyzed. Simulation and numerical results show that the EE achieved by the QRA policy approaches the EE limit when the delay bound is large, and is much higher than those achieved by existing policies considering statistical QoS provision when the delay bound is stringent.
Different expression of Sox9 and Runx2 between chondrosarcoma and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma cell line

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS), a highly malignant variant of chondrosarcoma (CCS), is characterized by high-grade sarcoma adjacent to low-grade chondroid tumor. Owing to its complicated composition, the histogenesis of this tumor remains controversial. Earlier, we carried out DNA microarray analysis using chondrosarcomatous tissues, and found that Sox9 and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were differentially expressed in CCS compared with DDCS. Here, we analyzed Sox9, Runx2, Col2a1, and Col1a1 in NDCS-1 (DDCS) and SW1353 (CCS) cell lines using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunocytochemistry. The results showed high expression of Runx2 and Col1a1, and low expression of Sox9 and Col2a1 in NDCS-1 cells. In SW1353 cells, however, gene expressions were reversed. These findings provide evidence that Sox9 and Runx2 are involved in the occurrence and development of DDCS.
Antiinflammatory Effects of Functionally Active Compounds Isolated from Aged Black Garlic

The antiinflammatory effects of functionally active compounds isolated from aged black garlic (AGE‐1 and AGE‐2) were investigated using a lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response model. To examine the potential antiinflammatory properties of AGE‐1 and AGE‐2, cell viability as well as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and pro‐inflammatory cytokine [interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), TNF‐α, and IL‐1β] levels were measured. The mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results indicated that AGE‐1 and AGE‐2 were not cytotoxic to macrophages. Nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 levels decreased significantly with increasing concentration of AGE‐1 (IC50 = 29.6 and 1.41 µg/mL, respectively), but not AGE‐2. The secretion of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β was also suppressed by AGE‐1 in a dose‐dependent manner, and inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 mRNA, and protein expression decreased with AGE‐1 treatment. Furthermore, AGE‐1 attenuated the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, p38, and c‐Jun terminal kinase in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW264.7 cells. These results suggested that compound AGE‐1 may have significant effects on inflammatory factors and could potentially be used as an antiinflammatory therapeutic agent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogeneity in male to female risk for Parkinson’s disease

We read with interest the recent meta-analysis of seven studies that reported that the age-adjusted incidence of Parkinson’s disease was 1.5 times greater in men than in women.1 However, this meta-analysis excluded several informative studies (such as those with <50 patients and those restricted to older cohorts) and did not explore heterogeneity in the male to female (M:F) ratios. We were also unable to replicate some of the data used in the meta-analysis. For example, we believe it misquoted some crude incidence rates as being age-adjusted (eg, the studies from Ferrara and Olmstead County). In the process of updating our previous systematic review of studies on the incidence of Parkinson’s disease,2 we performed a new meta-analysis of age-adjusted M:F incidence ratios for Parkinson’s disease and attempted to identify the causes of heterogeneity. Additional studies published between January 2002 and April 2005 were identified using the same search strategy and inclusion criteria as those in the previous review.2 Where possible, the age-standardised M:F incidence ratio for each study was calculated …
Servant Versus Authentic Leadership

This study compares the effectiveness of servant versus authentic leadership in hospitality firms by examining relationships with group-level trust and individual-level work outcomes (i.e., organizational commitment, work engagement, and work performance), and their influencing mechanisms through trust climate. Using two-wave data from 1,132 employee–supervisor pairs from 80 departments in 16 star-level hotels in China, we find that these two forms of leadership have positive effects on group trust climate and employee work outcomes; however, the magnitudes and paths of their effects are distinct. In comparison with authentic leadership, servant leadership has a more significant effect on creating a trust climate and a more direct effect regarding increasing employees’ positive work attitudes (i.e., organizational commitment and work engagement), ultimately influencing work performance. This study also demonstrates the importance of group trust climate in relationships between group-level leadership and individual-level employee work attitudes and performance. These findings extend the scope of servant and authentic leadership research, and advocate servant leadership in the hospitality industry.