Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drivers of Leverage in Slovene Blue-Chip Firms and Stock Performance Following Substantial Debt Increases

Hypotheses about capital structure are among the most frequently tested in financial literature. Usually, authors discuss different incentives for the use of leverage. Their views can be broadly classified into two main groups. The proponents of the first argue that leverage increases cash flow available to investors. With the use of debt the firm pays less taxes due to advantageous debt tax-shields. On the other hand, the proponents of the second group stress the importance of minimization of transaction cost, and information asymmetry. They point to a pecking order of sources of finance. In this article, I explain most frequently stated drivers that provide incentives for the more extensive use of debt and test whether they are relevant for Slovene corporations. The second part introduces owners’ point of view. I test whether raised debt levels increase long-term return to the stockholders. Namely, recently some authors pointed out, that new issues of bonds (and debt in general) do not provide positive signals. They have even found significant underperformance of the issuing companies’ stock (negative long-run returns, compared to peers). Thus, new issues of debt cause similar underperformance effects to new stock issues. In this paper, three methods are employed to test relationship between increased levels of debt and long-term stock return in the Slovene emerging capital market.
OPTICS FLEXIBILITY AND DISPERSION MATCHING AT INJECTION INTO THE LHC

The LHC requires very precise matching of transfer line and LHC optics to minimise emittance blow-up and tail repopulation at injection. The recent addition of a comprehensive transfer line collimation system to improve the protection against beam loss has created additional matching constraints and consumed a significant part of the flexibility contained in the initial optics design of the transfer lines. Optical errors, different injection configurations and possible future optics changes require however to preserve a certain tuning range. Here we present methods of tuning optics parameters at the injection point by using orbit correctors in the main ring, with the emphasis on dispersion matching. The benefit of alternative measures to enhance the flexibility is briefly discussed.
Heavy metals health risk assessment through consumption of some foodstuffs marketed in city of Hamedan, Iran

Since global studies on the health risk assessment of heavy metals in foodstuffs, including biscuits, potato chips, chocolates, and traditional pastries are limited, hence, this study was conducted to determine the contents and the human health risk assessment of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) via the consumption of different brands of these foodstuffs.In this descriptive study, a total of 84 samples of 28 brands/kinds of food under consideration were collected from a market basket in city of Hamedan, Iran in 2016. After preparation and processing the samples in the laboratory, the metal concentrations were measured using the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). In addition, all statistical analyses including One-Way ANOVA and one-sample t test were performed using the SPSS statistical package (Version 19). The results showed that the mean concentrations (mg kg-1) of Pb in all the foodstuff samples (2.25 ± 0.76 for biscuits, 1.60 ± 0.35 for potato chips, 2.61 ± 0.68 for chocolates, and 3.66 ± 0.64 for traditional pastries) were higher than the Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL). Furthermore, the computed health risk index showed no potential risk for adults and children via consumption of the studied foodstuffs under the current consumption rate.Based on the results, as the mean contents of Pb observed in all the foodstuff samples exceeded the MPL, serious attention toward the discharge of pollutants into the environment and chemical residue monitoring, especially of heavy metals in foodstuffs, is recommended.
Advertising , Attention , and Acquisition Returns

We examine the hypothesis that advertising allows a takeover target’s management to increase the firm’s profile and their own negotiating power, leading to higher subsequent takeover premiums. Our evidence from 7,095 merger bids supports this hypothesis. Moreover, we find an economically significant decrease in the acquirer’s market capitalization during the announcement period. To consider the possibility of codetermination of target advertising and takeover premiums, we employ instrumental variable tests as well as propensity matching methods and our results hold. Further, we find targets that advertise are more likely to be pursued by multiple bidders and receive revised increased bids.
A Study on Instantaneous Time-Frequency Methods for Damage Detection of Nonlinear Moment-Resisting Frames

Most of the civil structures exhibit nonlinear hysteresis behavior during earthquakes. However, detection of damage in these structures is a challenging issue due to successive change in structural characteristics during a seismic excitation. The current paper presents a promising approach for damage detection of nonlinear moment frames. First, several instantaneous time-frequency methods including Hilbert-Huang transform, direct quadrature, Teager energy operator, and higher-order energy operator are investigated as signal processing tools and the most appropriate method is selected using an outlier analysis. Next, a procedure is proposed based on time-frequency analysis in conjunction with clustering to find damage extension in moment frames under a seismic excitation using frequency, amplitude, and energy damage measures. A probabilistic approach is implemented to investigate capability of the procedure for different ground motion records using incremental dynamic analysis. Results show that frequency is not an appropriate feature to detect damage in nonlinear structures.
Good Jobs, Bad Jobs and Redistribution

We analyse the question of optimal taxation in a dual economy, when the policy-maker is concerned about the distribution of labour income. Income inequality is caused by the presence of sunk capital investments, which creates a ‘good jobs’ sector due to the capture of quasi-rents by trade unions. With strong unions and high planner preference for income equality the optimal policy is a combination of investment subsidies and progressive income taxation. If unions are weaker, the policy-maker may instead choose to tax investment.
The Open Access Israeli Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh

We tested the effects of short-term dietary supplementation of Spirulina pacifica on non-specific responses and disease resistance to Edwardsiella tarda in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Four isonitrogenous (46% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.3 MJ/kg dry mass) experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 3, 6 or 9% S. pacifica (designated SPI0, SPI3, SPI6 and SPI9, respectively). Three replicate fish groups (30 fish/tank) were fed one of the experimental diets for 15 days. After 15 days, healthy fish (30 per dietary treatment) of similar size were injected with 1 mL of E. tarda suspension to evaluate disease resistance. Dietary supplementation with spirulina resulted in significantly enhanced non-specific immune responses compared to the control groups. Cumulative mortality in the challenge test with E. tarda was significantly lower in fish fed diets containing spirulina compared to that of fish fed the control diet. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of spirulina can enhance non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of olive flounder even over a relatively short feeding period. The IJA appears exclusively as a peer-reviewed on-line open-access journal at http://www.siamb. org.il. To read papers free of charge, please register online at registration form. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden.
Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as bilateral femoral shaft fractures with severe bone mineral loss and normocalcemia in a young adult male : a case report

Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as pathological fractures with severe bone mineral loss and normocalcemia in a young adult male is indeed rare. Furthermore, obtaining the diagnosis and achieving successful treatment for such a patient is challenging. A 25-year-old male suffered bilateral femoral shaft fractures after a low energy injury, due to severe bone mineral loss, in whom total serum calcium level was normal, was eventually diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroidectomy was performed, and hypocalcemia ensued. Ten days later, closed intramedullary nailing of both femoral shaft fractures was performed after the serum calcium level had risen to almost normal. Fracture fixation remained challenging because of poor bone quality. At two-year follow-up, his gait was normal and he was quite capable of self-care, working. In conclusion, aggressive treatment of hyperparathyroidism and stabilization of fractures are the key treatment principles of this rare clinical entity. This case report is a helpful reminder for doctors to be suspicious of bilateral femoral shaft fractures with severe bone mineral loss in young adults, and to be aware of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism.
Seed Bank Analysis Post Fuels-Reduction Treatments

Pinyon-Juniper (P-J) ecosystems are extensive throughout the western U.S. and have been expanding into shrublands and grasslands. A variety of tree-removal methods have been used in an attempt to restore herbaceous cover and reduce the risk of catastrophic fire with unknown effects on plant communities. I examined the impact of three different fuels reduction treatments on the local seed bank. The treatments were: mastication, where fuels are mulched and left in the plot; broadcast burn, where fuels are spread evenly across the plot and burned; and pile burn, where fuels are placed in discrete piles and burned. Treatments were adjacent to an untreated control site. The plot subjected to the pile burn treatment had a significantly higher seedling density (P = 0.04) than plot subjected to the broadcast burn treatment. Additionally, the plot subjected to the pile burn treatment had significantly higher species diversity (P = 0.0004) than the control. Artificial seeding, preformed by the Bureau of Land Management, had no effect on seedling density (P > 0.05), but did significantly lower species diversity (P < 0.0001). This study indicates that treatment, most notably the pile burn treatment, has an effect on seedling density and species diversity, while seeding only affected species diversity.
Bryodiversity in the tropics: taxonomy of Microporella species (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) with personate maternal zooids from Indian Ocean, Red Sea and southeast Mediterranean

The particularly speciose cheilostomate genus Microporella includes taxa whose maternal zooids and associated ovicells present a personate structure, i.e. a particularly developed peristome. Six species of Microporella with personate ovicells are analysed from material sampled in the Indian Ocean, Red Sea and southeast Mediterranean. Consideration of highly diagnostic tiny morphological characters displayed by the primary orifice and the avicularium has made it possible to distinguish three new species, M. browni n. sp. , M. maldiviensis n. sp. and M. collaroides n. sp. , and to better characterise the other species. Among the latter, two species named by Audouin (1826) from Savigny’s drawings (1817), M. coronata and M. genisii, are redescribed and neotypes are selected. Additionally, a new species of the M. coronata species group, Microporella hastingsae n. sp. , is proposed following examination of a museum specimen recorded as M. ciliata var. coronata (Hastings 1927). The species dealt with in this study revealed remarkably different patterns of geographic distribution, possibly showing different potential for natural and/or anthropogenic dispersal. The bryozoan assemblages sampled along the coast of Lebanon include four of the six studied species, at least three of them presumably non-indigenous including M. harmeri Hayward, which displays a remarkably wide distribution from the Indian Ocean to the West Pacific and the East Atlantic (Canary Islands).
Catamenial pneumothorax: Presentation of an uncommon Pathology

The catamenial pneumothorax is defi ned as the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity that appears in women infrequently and spontaneously with various clinical presentations. Actually, it is considered as an extremely rare entity with few cases described in the literature, that is the reason why the etiology is still discussed. However, a strong association with thoracic endometriosis syndrome has been found. We want to emphasize how the importance of conducting a diagnosis and having a timely management would improve the quality of life of the patient and give a better prognosis of the disease. Thus, a case report of a 38-year-old female patient who was receiving hormone therapy as a treatment for abdominal endometriosis and repetitive pneumothorax was presented. In the video-assisted thoracoscopy we saw diaphragmatic lesions and pneumothorax during the perioperative and postoperative period. Emphasize the importance of a detailed inspection of each intrathoracic organ during the surgical procedure, we also showed how the intraoperative pleurodesis, the placement of a mesh on the diaphragm and the continuity of the hormonal treatment, seems to be an effective therapy to prevent recurrences and have a better control of the disease. Case Report Catamenial pneumothorax: Presentation of an uncommon Pathology Rui Haddad1*, Caterin Arévalo2 and David Nigri3 1Thoracic Surgeon, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Samaritano, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2Resident of General Surgery, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia 3Pneumologist, Department of Pulmonology and Bronchoscopy, Hospital Samaritano, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil *Address for Correspondence: Rui Haddad MD, Department of Thoracic Surgery Rua Barão de Lucena 48-Room 3 Botafogo CEP: 22260-020 Rio-RJ-Brazil, Email: ruihaddad@me.com Submitted: 14 December 2017 Approved: 19 Desember 2017 Published: 20 December 2017 Copyright: 2017 Haddad R, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Hobnail hemangioma of the skin in a juvenile

Hobnail hemangioma is a rare, benign, vascular lesion with peculiar but commonly misleading morphology, located mostly on the extremities or trunk, and affects young and middle-aged adults with a slightly male predominance. A new typical case in a 17-year-old girl is presented. A single, small, painless skin lesion appeared in an early childhood on the lateral part of the right thigh, and was linked with scratching a previous pigmented lesion. Microscopic examination of the completely removed lesion revealed typical morphology. Prominent endothelial cells were podoplanin-negative and CD34-positive. There was no recurrence after four years follow-up.
Magnetised winds in dwarf galaxies

Context. The generation and the amplification of magnetic fields in the current cosmological paradigm are still open questions. The standard theory is based on an early field generation by Biermann battery effects, possibly at the epoch of reionisation, followed by a long period of field amplification by galactic dynamos. The origin and the magnitude of the inter-galactic magnetic field is of primordial importance in this global picture, as it is considered to be the missing link between galactic magnetic fields and cluster magnetic fields on much larger scales. Aims. We are testing whether dwarf galaxies are good candidates to explain the enrichment of the Inter-Galactic Medium (IGM): after their discs form and trigger galactic dynamos, supernova feedback will launch strong winds, expelling magnetic field lines in the IGM. Methods. We have performed magneto-hydrodynamics simulations of an isolated dwarf galaxy, which forms self-consistently inside a cooling halo. Using the RAMSES code, we simulated for the first time the formation of a magnetised supernova-driven galactic outflow. This simulation is an important step towards a more realistic modelling using fully cosmological simulations. Results. Our simulations reproduce well the observed properties of magnetic fields in spiral galaxies. The formation and the evolution of our simulated disc leads to a strong magnetic field amplification: the magnetic field in the final wind bubble is one order of magnitude larger than the initial value. The magnetic field in the disc, essentially toroidal, is growing linearly with time as a consequence of differential rotation. Conclusions. We discuss the consequence of this simple mechanism on the cosmic evolution of the magnetic field: we propose a new scenario for the evolution of the magnetic field, with dwarf galaxies playing a key role in amplifying and ejecting magnetic energy in the IGM, resulting in what we call a “cosmic dynamo” that could contribute to the very high field strengths observed in galaxies and clusters today.
International Capital Flows in a World of Greater Financial Integration

International capital flows have increased dramatically since the 1980s, with much of the increase being due to trade in equity and debt markets. Such developments are often attributed to the increased integration of world financial markets. We present a model that allows us to examine how greater integration in world financial markets affects the structure of asset ownership and the behavior of international capital flows. Our model predicts that international capital flows are large (in absolute value) and very volatile during the early stages of financial integration when international asset trading is concentrated in bonds. As integration progresses and households gain access to world equity markets, the size and volatility of international bond flows fall dramatically but continue to exceed the size and volatility of international equity flows. We also find that variations in the equity risk premia account for almost all of the international portfolio flows in bonds and equities. We argue that both effects arise naturally as a result of increased risk sharing facilitated by greater financial integration. The paper also makes a methodological contribution to the literature on dynamic general equilibrium asset-pricing. We present a new technique for solving a dynamic general equilibrium model with production, portfolio choice and incomplete markets
The Role of Leader Support in Facilitating Proactive Work Behavior

Researchers have proposed that leader support helps employees behave proactively at work. Leader support can facilitate the opportunities for employees to bring about change, as well as their motivation to do so. Nevertheless, empirical studies have shown mixed effects of leader support on employees’ proactive behavior. In this study, to reconcile the inconsistent findings on the impact of leader support on employees’ proactive behavior, the authors consider the content, mediating mechanisms, and boundary conditions of leader support in shaping employees’ proactive behavior. On the basis of attachment theory, the authors propose that secure-base support from leaders (support in the form of leader availability, encouragement, and noninterference) positively predicts employees’ proactive work behavior by increasing their role breadth self-efficacy and autonomous motivation. These hypotheses are supported in an online-survey sample from U.S. participants (N = 138) and a sample from a large gas and oil company in China (N = 212). The authors further propose that the beneficial effects of secure-base support from leaders are more prominent for individuals with lower attachment security. This hypothesis was also supported: Individuals high in attachment anxiety especially benefited from leader secure-base support in terms of its effect on role breadth self-efficacy; whereas those who are high in attachment avoidance especially benefited from leader secure-base support in terms of its effect on autonomous motivation. Our study helps explain how leaders’ support motivates employees’ proactive behavior, particularly for those individuals who have lower attachment security.
Overweight and obesity as a risk factor for postoperative complications in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair , cholecystectomy and appendectomy

Introduction. Obesity is known to increase morbidity and mortality in the general population and therefore is perceived as a risk factor for adverse post-surgical results. There are few studies comparing postoperative morbidity and mortality in obese and non-obese patients. Objective. Characterize the incidence, clinical profile, post-operative complications in patients with overweight and obesity at Medica Sur Foundation and Clinic. Material and methods. Retrospective, observational, descriptive study at Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation. We reviewed the files of patients undergoing laparoscopic or open inguinal hernia repair, appendectomy, and cholecystectomy, between January 2013 to December 2014. Patients were classified according to the body mass index. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results. We reviewed 1430 cases, resulting in 757 (53%) obese or overweight patients. Seven (1%) patients with normal weight had some type of complication meanwhile 37 (5%) patients in the overweight group had some complication: 17 surgical infection site, 10 wound dehiscence and 10 pulmonary complications. BMI > 34 kg/m2 (OR 2.35, IC 95% 1.04-5.30, p = 0.001) was associated with higher risk of postoperative complications. When compared open vs. laparoscopic technique, open resulted in 22 (60%) complications and laparoscopic in 15 (40%), with no significant differences. Conclusions. These results suggest that obese patients have higher levels of postoperative complications. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the association between obesity and postoperative complications.