Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THERMO-FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS AND AIR QUALITY FOR DIFFERENT VENTILATION PATTERNS IN AN OPERATING THEATRE

At present there is a great deal of research on ventilation system efficiency for providing the most effective airflow pattern for contaminant removal (microorganisms i.e. fuWngi, bacteria, viruses; chemical i.e. waste anesthetic gases, CO2 and particulate matter) and assuring the control of surgical site infection risk. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling and simulation, compared with experimental monitoring results and literature evidences, are widely applied for providing useful indications on proper indoor microclimate conditions and IAQ [1]. Usually, threedimensional time-dependent CFD models are developed to assess the airflow patterns, air velocity and temperature distribution due to laminar unidirectional (vertical downward) air flows [2], in other cases to turbulent air flows and also to the air curtains so as to achieve IAQ and optimal air asepsis [3]. Some authors have used CFD for a three dimensional analysis of thermal comfort and contaminant removal inside hospitals: checking model validity by experimental literature evidence and data comparison, they calculated the predicted mean vote (PMV), contaminant removal effectiveness (CRE) and mean contaminant concentration in the breathing zone by transient simulation results, in order to assess HVAC system efficiency. They investigated the effect of horizontal location of supply and exhaust grilles also for maintaining adequate comfort conditions for patients and surgical staff [4]. Many literature has used CFD simulation to assess colony forming unit (cfu) dispersion and evaluate air flow distribution effectiveness in real OTs [. In a more specific research the influence of periodic bending movement of the medical staff combined with bacteria carrying particle distribution on the airflow field and temperature distribution have been investigated [5]. Most of these studies consider correct use, on-design operational conditions of OTs. Some new analyses have been proposed concerning moving object effects on the airflow inside OTs under correct and incorrect use conditions [6] [7]. In the most recent literature, the assessment of ventilation efficiency in OTs, including air flow distribution under different configurations and different positions of diffuser supply velocity, is studied by applying CFD simulation and full-scale experimental investigations [8]. A recent study based on experimental measurements and CFD simulation shows the efficacy of different ventilation systems in removing bacteria and particles using adducted return strategy to induce air flow from clean to less clean zones [9]. In the literature there is not much that addresses the analysis of the efficiency of a ventilation system in an OT, equipped with ante-chamber and/or air locking system for guaranteeing air pressure difference, indoor microclimatic conditions and IAQ, minimizing the air flow inlet from non-clean zones to the OT. A recent research work of the present authors has dealt with ABSTRACT
Peroral endoscopic remyotomy for failed Heller myotomy: a prospective single-center study

Background and study aims: Recurrence/persistence of symptoms occurs in approximately 20 % of patients after Heller myotomy for achalasia. Controversy exists regarding the therapy for patients in whom Heller myotomy has failed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), a new endoscopic myotomy technique, for patients with failed Heller myotomy. Patients and methods: A total of 12 patients with recurrence/persistence of symptoms after Heller myotomy, as diagnosed by established methods and an Eckardt score of ≥ 4, were prospectively included. The primary outcome was symptom relief during follow-up, defined as an Eckardt score of ≤ 3. Secondary outcomes were procedure-related adverse events, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure on manometry, reflux symptoms, and medication use before and after POEM. Results: All 12 patients underwent successful POEM after a mean of 11.9 years (range 2 – 38 years) from the time of the primary Heller myotomy. No serious complications related to POEM were encountered. During a mean follow-up period of 10.4 months (range 5 – 14 months), treatment success was achieved in 11/12 patients (91.7 %; mean score pre- vs. post-treatment 9.2 vs. 1.3; P < 0.001). Mean LES pressure was 29.4 mmHg pre-treatment and 13.5 mmHg post-treatment (P < 0.001). One patient developed mild reflux symptoms and required intermittent medication with proton pump inhibitors. Conclusions: POEM seems to be a promising new treatment for failed Heller myotomy resulting in short-term symptom relief in > 90 % of cases. Previous Heller myotomy may make subsequent endoscopic remyotomy more challenging, but does not prevent successful POEM.
Voice telerehabilitation in Parkinson's disease.

UNLABELLED Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition associated with motor, neuropsychological, sensorial, and vocal symptoms. It has been suggested that eventual obstacles faced by many patients to reach speech therapy rehabilitation centers could be overcome with the use of synchronous telerehabilitation (real time) approach employing communication technologies. PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of vocal telerehabilitation in PD patients. METHODS Twenty patients diagnosed with PD and with vocal complaints participated in this study. Patients were evaluated by videoconference (Adobe Connect 8) before and after treatment. Evaluation method consisted of perceptual analysis of vocal quality measured by the GRBASI scale. Treatment was conducted following the extended version of Lee Silverman method (LSVT-X). At the end of treatment all patients were requested to fill a questionnaire to assess their experience with telerehabilitation. RESULTS Analysis revealed decrease in magnitude of voice quality changes after the intervention, indicating improvement of vocal pattern. All patients reported satisfaction and preference for telerehabilitation compared to face-to-face rehabilitation, as well as positive perception of audio and video. Some technological adversities have been identified but did not prevent the approaches to assessment and treatment. CONCLUSION Present results suggest that telerehabilitation methods can be considered as an effective treatment for speech symptoms associated with PD and can be indicated to patients presenting limited access to speech therapy centers and technological readiness.
The Relationship between Parenting Stress and PerceivedChildren’s Social Problem Behavior among ChineseWorking Mothers

—This study examines the relationship between parenting stress and perceived children's social problem behavior. The sample consists of 100 Chinese working mothers were sampled by cluster sampling methods. Parenting Stress Index-short Form and Eyberg child Behavior Inventory were employed to measure the parenting stress and children social problem behavior respectively. The result revealed that parenting stress is significantly positive correlated with perceived children social problem behavior in intensity (r= .431**, p < 0.01) and problem score (r = .716 **, p (0.0I). Besides, parental distress (r = .340**, p < 0.01), parent child dysfunction interaction (r = .398**, p < 0.01) and difficult child (r = .389**, p < 0.01) also moderately associated with perceived children social problem behavior in intensity score. The findings also noted parental distress (r = .435**, p < 0.01), parent child dysfunction interaction (r = .731**, p < 0.01) and difficult child (r = .672**, p < 0.01) also moderately associated with perceived children social problem behavior in problem score. Interestingly, the result showed household income (r = -.233**, p < 0.01) and numbers of children (r = .333 **, p < 0.01) are related to parenting stress. The result showed the higher the working hours, the lower the parenting stress (r = -.424**, p < 0.01). Hence, this study gives a guideline for the policy makers and counselors to design program which can benefit the parents and children as well.
MC2MABS: A Monte Carlo Model Checker for Multiagent-Based Simulations

Agent-based simulation has shown great success for the study of complex adaptive systems and could in many areas show advantages over traditional analytical methods. Due to their internal complexity, however, agent-based simulations are notoriously difﬁcult to verify and validate. This paper presents MC 2 MABS , a Monte Carlo Model Checker for Multiagent-Based Simulations. It incorporates the idea of statistical runtime veriﬁcation , a combination of statistical model checking and runtime veriﬁcation, and is tailored to the approximate veriﬁcation of complex agent-based simulations. We provide a description of the underlying theory together with design decisions, an architectural overview, and implementation details. The performance of MC 2 MABS in terms of both runtime consumption and memory allocation is evaluated against a set of example properties.
A study of clinical nursing research priorities in aged care: A Hong Kong perspective

The aim of this study was to identify clinical research priorities in aged care from the perspectives of rehabilitation aged care nurses in Hong Kong. The Delphi method was used whereby 33 registered nurses working in an aged care rehabilitation ward identified 28 research questions pertaining to areas in which nurses could take a leadership role: clinical research that is of highest value to patients and nurse specialists; clinical research which would provide improved community care; facilitate health promotion and disease prevention and be of value to the professional needs of clinical nurses. Study findings have implications and provide direction for clinical nursing research in aged care.
MAJOR DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATORS AND THEIR EXPRESSION IN TWO CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES OF PORPHYRA (RHODOPHYTA) 1

Little is known about the genetic and biochemical mechanisms that underlie red algal development, for example, why the group failed to evolve complex parenchyma and tissue differentiation. Here we examined expressed sequence tag (EST) data from two closely related species, Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) J. Agardh and P. purpurea (Roth) C. Agardh, for conserved developmental regulators known from model eukaryotes, and their expression levels in several developmental stages. Genes for most major developmental families were present, including MADS‐box and homeodomain (HD) proteins, SNF2 chromatin‐remodelers, and proteins involved in sRNA biogenesis. Some of these genes displayed altered expression correlating with different life history stages or cell types. Notably, two ESTs encoding HD proteins showed eightfold higher expression in the P. purpurea sporophyte (conchocelis) than in the gametophyte (blade), whereas two MADS domain‐containing paralogs showed significantly different patterns of expression in the conchocelis and blade respectively. These developmental gene families do not appear to have undergone the kinds of dramatic expansions in copy number found in multicellular land plants and animals, which are important for regulating developmental processes in those groups. Analyses of small RNAs did not validate the presence of miRNAs, but homologs of Argonaute were present. In general, it appears that red algae began with a similar molecular toolkit for directing development as did other multicellular eukaryotes, but probably evolved altered roles for many key proteins, as well as novel mechanisms yet to be discovered.
VALIDATING COMPLEX PROGRAM AIMS: CONSTRUCTING A FRAMEWORK FOR THE VALIDATION OF ONE TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM’S AIM TO PROMOTE INCLUSIVITY AS A FUNDAMENTAL PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLE

i ACKNOWLEDGING THE PROCESS AND THE PEOPLE . ii LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF FIGURES . x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.1 Purpose . 5 Rationale . 6 Significance . 10 Background.12 Dissertation Structure . 16 PREFACE TO CHAPTER TWO . 18 Keyword: Validity . 18 CHAPTER TWO: VALIDITY THEORY.21 Early Validity Theory . 21 Criterion Validity.22 Content Validity.23 Construct Validity.24 Contemporary Validity Theory.27 Validity Measures.28 Validity Arguments . 31 Interpretive Argument . 32 Validity Argument . 37 Program Validity Framework . 41 Definition of Validity . 42 Validating Complex Program Aims . 43 Interpretive Arguments for Complex Program Aims . 43 Validity Arguments for Complex Program Aims.45 PREFACE TO CHAPTER THREE . 46 Keyword: Inclusivity . 46 CHAPTER THREE: INCLUSIVITY IN TEACHER EDUCATION.49 Context.49 Access . 52 Process . 60 Coursework.62 Field Experiences.64 Pedagogy.69 Content-based Pedagogies . 69 Process-based Pedagogies . 72 Summary.76
WOMEN SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE: THE IMPACT OF TRAUMATIC STRESS ON EDUCATION AND WORK

A disempowering after-effect of childhood abuse that is not well-researched in nursing is the inability of many women abuse survivors to perform successfully in adulthood tasks such as working, managing money, and parenting. This inability often results from lack of family support, cultural impoverishment, limited formal education, and for some, illiteracy. By default, many women survivors engage in criminal, usually dangerous forms of work. A critical/feminist interview study involved 20 urban low income abuse survivors, who were mostly women of color. Participants were recovering cocaine misusers who had suffered multiple forms of childhood maltreatment. This article reports on a secondary analysis of narratives given by survivors, focused on learning and work difficulties. Findings were grouped into five broad domains: (1) school as problematic, (2) lack of adult life skills, (3) problems with academic and health literacy, (4) legitimate and illicit forms of work, and (5) means of help. In vivo quotes support these themes, and policy and practice implications are discussed.
State-dependent executive deficits among psychopathic offenders

Three hypotheses for cognitive deficits among psychopaths were tested: Response modulation, left hemisphere activation, and an interaction between the 2. Twenty-six psychopathic and 32 nonpsychopathic criminal offenders identified with the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised were randomly assigned to left- and right-hemisphere activation groups. An auditory processing task was administered, such that the ability to classify nonverbal auditory signals and the ability to manage subgoals were assessed under left- and right-hemisphere activation conditions. The results showed that psychopaths' information processing in general, including response modulation, was deleteriously affected by left-hemisphere activation, supporting 2 of the 3 hypotheses tested. These results offer an explanation for inconsistent findings of executive deficits among psychopaths. (JINS, 2005, 11, 311–321.)
CT dimensions, volumes and densities of normal canine eyes

Although ultrasound and MRI are the imaging modalities of choice for the investigation of ocular diseases, the eyes are included in routine CT examinations of the head and should be examined as part of the complete evaluation. This report describes the dimensions, volumes and densities of the normal canine globe in CT. Forty-four eyes were studied. The mean axial length of the globe was 2.09 cm and its mean volume was 4.65 cm3. The mean anteroposterior distance of the anterior chamber was 0.4 cm and of the vitreous chamber was 0.96 cm. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean aqueous humour density, 14.76 Hounsfield units (HU), and the mean vitreous humour density, 11.20 HU (P=0.0009). Statistically significant differences were also seen in both humours in precontrast and postcontrast studies. The mean anteroposterior dimension of the lens was 0.74 cm; its mean equatorial distance was 1.15 cm. The mean volume was 0.43 cm3 and its mean density was 131.9 HU. There was contrast enhancement of the ciliary body, iris and retina/sclera/choroid complex. This study provides reference values to help in the interpretation of ocular structures on CT scans of the head, where incidental findings can change the medical management of specific cases.
Board Independance and The Efficiency of Internal Capital Markets

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and exchange listing requirements led to an increase in the percentage of independent members on company boards. The literature offers mixed evidence on the effect of board independence on corporate governance. Independent directors are said to improve the monitoring role of the board of directors. However, the presence of independent directors increases costs associated with information asymmetry and free riding problems. Accordingly, the firm's board monitoring efficiency is expected to have a significant impact on managerial decisions and the allocation of the firm's scarce resources across the different firm segments. We investigate the effect of increased board independence on the efficiency of internal capital markets in diversified firms. Data is collected from the Compustat, ExecuComp, and RiskMetrics databases. Sample is split into 2 sub-periods: (i) Pre-SOX (1996 – 2001); and (ii) Post-SOX (2003-2008). We also divide our sample into two subsamples: (i) Firms that were not in compliance with the independence requirements prior to SOX and became complying afterwards; and (ii) Firms that were already in compliance with the new requirements before SOX. We employ Berger and Ofek's (1995) method by calculating the imputed values of a given firm's segments and comparing the sum of those values to the value of the firm. Internal capital market efficiency is measured following Rajan, Servaes, and Zingales (2000). We find that the increase in board independence post-SOX may have moved firms away from their optimal board structure. Our results suggest that, relative to the pre-SOX period, increased board independence post-SOX had a negative effect on diversified firms' excess value and internal capital market efficiency. The results apply to both subsamples: (i) firms that were previously compliant; and (ii) those that weren't compliant with the mandates. This suggests that firms may not have benefited from the move towards higher independence in the post-SOX era. Mutual back scratching and socialization within the firm may explain the ineffectiveness and inefficiency of increased board independence in diversified firms. The passed legislations may have had a converse effect on corporate boards. Our results are consistent with Linck, Netter, and Yang (2008) who propose that a one-size-fits-all regulation may be inefficient and could move firms away from their optimum board composition.
Follicular synchronization using transdermal estradiol patch and GnRH antagonists in the luteal phase; does it increase oocyte yield in poor responders to gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF)? A comparative study with microdose flare-up protocol

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the oocyte yield with the luteal estradiol patch (LPA) – GnRH antagonist and microdose (MD) flare-up protocols in anticipated poor responders. Fifty-seven women who underwent IVF treatment following stimulation with LPA or MD protocols at McGill Reproductive Centre were matched for age and markers of ovarian reserve. Numbers of oocytes collected (6 vs 7), mature oocytes collected (5 vs 5), and oocyte maturation rates (72% vs 74%) were similar. The numbers of good quality embryos available (2 vs 1) and embryos transferred (3 vs 3) were likewise similar. Embryo implantation rate of 16.7% and clinical pregnancy rate of 38.9% achieved in the LPA group were almost 50% higher than the corresponding figures at 10.3% and 22.2% in the MD group; however, the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). Although the results do not suggest an increased oocyte yield or follicular synchronization with the LPA protocol, the observed trend toward higher embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy rates requires further research.
Patenting motives, technology strategies, and open innovation

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate firms’ motives to patent in general, and more specifically how some of these motives depend upon firms’ technology strategies and especially their level of open innovation. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on a questionnaire survey sent to CTOs (or equivalent) of the largest R&D spenders among Swedish large firms (e.g., ABB, AstraZeneca, Ericsson, and Volvo) and among Swedish small and medium-sized enterprises. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regressions were used to check the impact from open innovation upon the importance of 21 different motives to patent, with a specific focus on protection and bargaining related motives. Findings The most important motive to patent is to protect product technologies, but protecting freedom to operate is almost as important, followed by a number of other motives. Increasing importance of open innovation in firms is related to stronger bargaining motives to patent, and even stronger protection motives. In fact, when comparing with closed innovation the results show that open innovation is more strongly positively related with all different motives to patent except for one (to attract customers). This indicates that firms find it more important to patent when engaged in open innovation than when engaged in closed innovation. Originality/value: The paper reports results from the first study that links patenting motives to technology strategies. It contributes to an emerging stream of empirical studies investigating the role of patents in external technology strategies and open innovation, showing that the motives to patent are strengthened within open innovation settings.
Deep brain stimulation increases impulsivity in two patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an adjustable, reversible, nondestructive neurosurgical intervention using implanted electrodes to deliver electrical pulses to areas in the brain. DBS has recently shown promising results as an experimental treatment of refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The novelty of the treatment requires careful observation of symptoms and possible side effects in patients. This case report describes two patients with treatment-refractory OCD in whom increased voltage of deep brain stimulation targeted at the nucleus accumbens increased impulsivity. Voltage increase of stimulation resulted in an immediate inflation of self-confidence, irritability and impulsive behaviour and was reversed only after lowering the voltage. The mechanisms behind DBS are not yet fully understood. Possibly, stimulation in the area of the nucleus accumbens affects the corticostriatal circuitry, which plays an important role in impulsivity. Location and amplitude of stimulation might be critical in inducing these behaviours. These two cases underline the importance of a careful clinical assessment of impulsive behaviours during DBS for OCD.
First-generation Disadvantage and College Enrollment/Completion

There are large inequalities in who enrolls in four-year collegiate programs, who finishes, and why. In this article, we draw on several waves of the Educational Longitudinal Study, explore family disadvantages, and uniquely highlight challenges first-generation students face. Family resources, cultural capital, and college-focused parental actions and their consequences for high school achievement explain most of the college attendance disadvantage. Inequalities in college completion, however, are notably also explained by disparate stressors, the need to work, and limited social/curricular integration while in college. We discuss these patterns and what they reveal about inequality and the limitations of contemporary college access.