Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Excretions of Urinary Creatinine on Young and Mature Kacang Goat under Different Feeding Levels

Abstract. This study was aimed to examine the excretion of urinary creatinine in young and mature Kacang goat bucks under different feeding levels. This study used 16 Kacang goat bucks consisting of 2 groups of age, i.e. eight young bucks (aged 6-7 months, weighed 12.75±2.68 kg) and 8 mature bucks (age 9-12 months, weighed 17.34±3.32 kg). The bucks were fed pelleted complete feed containing 78.82% dry matter (DM), 18.80% crude protein (CP), and 76.29% total digestible nutrients (TDN). The bucks were allocated into a 2x2 nested design with four replications. The treatment was the amount of 2.24% dry matter intake (T1) and 4.48% of body weight (BW) (T2) for the young goat, while the mature buck was 1.87% and 3.74%, respectively. The results showed that DM, CP and TDN intake were significant different across ages and highly significantly different between feeding levels. Changes of urinary creatinine from week 0–12 showed no differences in the age group (142 mg/dl) and feeding level (143 mg/dl). Conclusively, age and feed level affected body weight, feed intake and creatinine excretion of Kacang Goat. The more body weight gain (age) and feed level, the more urinal creatinine excretion in male Kacang goat. Key words: Kacang goat, ages, feeding level, and creatinine Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kadar kreatinin pada kambing Kacang muda dan dewasa dengan jumlah pemberian pakan yang berbeda. Materi berupa 16 ekor kambing Kacang jantan, terdiri dari 8 ekor umur muda (6-7 bulan) dan 8 ekor umur dewasa (9-12 bulan). Pakan komplit yang diberikan memiliki kandungan bahan kering (BK) 78,82%, protein kasar (PK) 18,80%, dan total digestible nutrients (TDN) 76,29%. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah pola tersarang 2x2 dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan pakan berupa jumlah BK pakan yang diberikan yaitu 2,24% bobot badan (BB) (T1) dan 4,48% BB (T2) untuk kambing muda, sedangkan kambing dewasa sebesar 1,87% BB (T1) dan 3,74% BB (T2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi BK, PK dan TDN berbeda nyata pada kelompok umur dan berbeda sangat nyata pada perlakuan pakan. Kadar kreatinin pada minggu ke 0-6 tidak berbeda nyata, namun pada minggu ke 12 berbeda nyata baik kelompok umur maupun akibat perlakuan pakan. Perubahan kadar kreatinin dari minggu ke 0-12 menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata pada kelompok umur dan perlakuan pakan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kadar kreatinin semakin meningkat dengan semakin meningkatnya bobot badan (umur) dan pakan ternak. Kata kunci : kambing Kacang, umur, level pakan, dan kreatinin
Genetic Evidence for a Tacaribe Serocomplex Virus, Mexico

We isolated arenavirus RNA from white-toothed woodrats (Neotoma leucodon) captured in a region of Mexico in which woodrats are food for humans. Analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequence data indicated that the woodrats were infected with a novel Tacaribe serocomplex virus, proposed name Real de Catorce virus.
One-mile run/walk and body mass index of an ethnically diverse sample of youth.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between cardiovascular fitness levels and body mass index (BMI) status among an ethnically diverse sample of youth. METHODS The cross-sectional sample consisted of California fifth, seventh, and ninth graders (10-15 yr). Data presented included a total of 767,809 youth (M = 389,925, F = 377,884) from the following ethnic groups: African American 58,491; American Indian-Alaskan Natives 8,971; Asian 63,292; Filipino 22,598; Hispanic 330,758; Pacific Islanders 7,977; and white non-Hispanics 275,722. Performance on the 1-mile run/walk (seconds, MRW), height (cm), and weight (kg) measures were taken by physical education staff in public schools across California. Comparisons of MRW were analyzed with hierarchical multiple linear regression, controlling for height and weight for each age strata for males and females, separately. Youth were classified as overweight (> or = 95th percentile) or at risk for overweight (> or = 85th percentile, < 95th percentile) based on age-sex specific BMI growth charts. White non-Hispanics served as the comparison group for each analysis. RESULTS Overall, significant (P < 0.01) differences were observed between white non-Hispanics and their ethnic peers for each age-sex strata for MRW. For males, MRW differences among ethnic groups minimized with increasing age, while differences in MRW increased for females with increasing age. Odds ratios calculated by logistic regression indicated that for both sexes, being Hispanic was associated with the greatest likelihood of being at risk or overweight, whereas being Asian and female was associated with a preventive effect. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest 1) disparities in MRW exist among ethnic groups, after controlling for confounders; and 2) the variation observed in MRW is similar to those observed for physical activity.
Selective sampling and otsu algorithm based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

In this study, the performance analysis of the spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks is investigated with the energy detector method over Rician fading channels with the selective sampling and Otsu algorithm. Here, a new method based on noise reduction using the wavelet transform is proposed. Performance analysis of the proposed system model over Rician fading channels is presented by receiver operating characteristic curves for different signal to noise ratio values. The results show that the spectrum sensing performance increases when the selective sampling and Otsu algorithm are used at the receiver.
MicroRNA regulation of smooth muscle gene expression and phenotype

Purpose of reviewIn this review, we summarize the recent advances regarding microRNA (miRNA) functions in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation and phenotypic modulation. Recent findingsMultiple miRNAs are found to be responsible for VSMC differentiation and proliferation under physiological or pathological condition. A single miRNA downregulates multiple targets, whereas a single gene is regulated by multiple miRNAs to modulate a specific aspect of VSMC phenotype. SummaryThe phenotype of VSMCs is dynamically regulated in response to environmental stimuli. Deregulation of phenotype switching is associated with vascular diseases. Several miRNAs have been found to be highly expressed in the vasculature, to modulate VSMC phenotype, and to be dysregulated in vascular diseases. By regulating mRNA and/or protein levels posttranscriptionally, miRNAs provide a delicate regulation in the complex molecular networks that regulate the vascular system. Understanding the functions of miRNAs in the regulation of VSMC differentiation and phenotype switching provides new insights into the mechanisms of vascular development, function, and dysfunction.
Comparing asynchronous online discussions and face-to-face discussions in a classroom setting

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived differences between asynchronous online discussions and face-to-face discussions in a classroom setting. The students’ reflections were analysed by following a qualitative research approach. The results showed that atmosphere, response, efficiency, interactivity and communication were the top five themes that differ between asynchronous online and face-to-face discussions. Implications for designing asynchronous online and face-to-face discussions are discussed.
Measuring the cost of care for children with acute burn injury

BACKGROUND There have been few studies on costs of burn treatment. Furthermore, quantifying the actual cost of care at the patient level is hindered by anomalies of our insurance system. This article presents a practical method for determining the cost of caring for pediatric burn patients, using a cohort of patients from the Multi-Center Benchmarking Study at the Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston and allows an estimate of resource use that may be linked to need or to best practices, without the confounding variable of inconsistent billing practices. METHODS We estimated the cost of hospitalization for a cohort of 230 pediatric patients who sustained burn injuries. In a simulation of billing patterns of all US hospitals between 2001 and 2009, we applied Shriners Hospitals for Children use data to two external sources of cost information. For the hospital component of costs, we used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kid’s Inpatient Database, and for the physician component of costs, we used the Medicare fee schedule. RESULTS Patients had a mean of 1.9 hospitalizations over 3 to 4 years. The mean total cost of hospitalization was $83,535 per patient, and the median total cost was $16,331 in 2006 dollars. CONCLUSION This is the first effort to estimate the early hospital costs of caring for children and young adults with burns in specialty hospitals and to establish a referent for quantifying the cost of caring for patients with acute burns. It lays the groundwork for studies relating costs of specific interventions to their effects on patient-centered outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Economic analysis, level III.
Leishmania-Infected MHC Class IIhigh Dendritic Cells Polarize CD4+ T Cells toward a Nonprotective T-bet+ IFN-γ+ IL-10+ Phenotype

A differential behavior among infected and bystander dendritic cells (DCs) has been explored in different infection models. We have analyzed both populations sorted on contact with visceral Leishmania infantum on a susceptible mice model evaluating the subsequent repercussions on adaptive immune response. Our results demonstrate a clear dichotomy between the immunomodulatory abilities of bystander and infected DCs. The bystander population presents increased levels of IL-12p40 and costimulatory molecules being capable to induce CD4+ T cell activation with immune protective capabilities. In contrast, infected DCs, which express lower costimulatory molecules and higher levels of IL-10, promote the development of Leishmania Ag-specific, nonprotective T-bet+IFN-γ+IL-10+ CD4+ T cells with an effector phenotype. This specific polarization was found to be dependent on IL-12p70. Splenic infected DCs recovered from chronic infected animals are similarly capable to polarize ex vivo syngeneic naive CD4+ T cells toward a T-bet+IFN-γ+IL-10+ phenotype. Further analysis revealed that only MHC class IIhigh–infected DCs were responsible for this polarization. The adoptive transfer of such polarized CD4+ T cells facilitates visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice in a clear contrast with their counterpart generated with bystander DCs that significantly potentiate protection. Further, we demonstrated that CD4+ T cells primed by infected DCs in an IL-10 free system, thus deprived of T-bet+IFN-γ+IL-10+ population, restore the immune response and reduce parasite load, supporting a deleterious role of IFN-γ+IL-10+ T cells in the maintenance of infection. Overall, our results highlight novel subversion mechanisms by which nonprotective T-bet+IFN-γ+IL-10+ T cells are associated with chronicity and prolonged parasite persistence.
Mercados (de derechos) de agua: experiencias y propuestas en América del Sur

h3>Resumen Muchos paises de America Latina y el Caribe se encuentran en proceso de elaboracion de nuevas leyes de aguas o de modificacion de las existentes. Uno de los temas centrales, y particularmente conflictivos, en los debates que se estan realizando para avanzar en este proceso de reformas, es el diseno institucional del sistema de asignacion y reasignacion del recurso. Se observa una insatisfaccion generalizada con las modalidades tradicionales de asignacion del agua y se esta prestando cada vez mas atencion a los mercados (de derechos) de agua, como una alternativa atractiva y acorde con los tiempos, que promete lograr un uso mas economicamente eficiente de los recursos de agua disponibles. Este documento reune tres estudios elaborados por destacados expertos latinoamericanos para el Comite Tecnico Asesor para America del Sur (SAMTAC) de la Asociacion Mundial para el Agua (GWP), en los cuales se evaluan: · los resultados obtenidos con la operacion del mercado de agua establecido en virtud del Codigo de Aguas de Chile de 1981; y · la posibilidad de introducir un mercado de agua en el esquema institucional peruano en funcion de un analisis de las condiciones historicas, actuales y perspectivas de la gestion del agua en Peru. Por ultimo, se esbozan algunas conclusiones en torno a: los derechos de agua, los mercados de tales derechos y el sistema administrativo para la asignacion y reasignacion del recurso.
Classification of Homomorphisms to Oriented Cycles and of k-Partite Satisfiability

We show that, for every choice of an oriented cycle H, the problem of whether an input digraph G has a homomorphism to H is either polynomially solvable or NP-complete. Along the way, we obtain simpler proofs for two known polynomial cases, namely, oriented paths and unbalanced oriented cycles, and exhibit two new simple polynomial cases of balanced oriented cycles. The more difficult cases of the classification are handled by means of a new problem, the bipartite boolean satisfiability problem. In general, the k-partite boolean satisfiability problems are shown to be either polynomially solvable or NP-complete, thus generalizing Schaefer's classification of boolean satisfiability problems.
Twice-daily chemoradiotherapy must still be the choice for patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.

At the time of diagnosis, 30% of patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) present a limited stage of disease, which is now called I-IIIB (IASLC). However, the outcome of limited-stage SCLC remains poor, with a median survival of 16 to 24 months using current treatments, and only 15–25% of long-term survivors.
Investigating the potential of social network data for transport demand models

Location-based social network data offers the promise of collecting the data from a large base of users over a longer span of time at negligible cost. While several studies have applied social network data to activity and mobility analysis, a comparison with travel diaries and general statistics has been lacking. In this paper, we analysed geo-referenced Twitter activities from a large number of users in Singapore and neighbouring countries. By combining this data, population statistics and travel diaries and applying clustering techniques, we addressed detection of activity locations, as well as spatial separation and transitions between these locations. Kernel density estimation performs best to detect activity locations due to the scattered nature of the twitter data; more activity locations are detected per user than reported in the travel survey. The descriptive analysis shows that determining home locations is more difficult than detecting work locations for most planning zones. Spatial separations between detected activity locations from Twitter data - as reported in a travel survey and captured by public transport smart card data - are mostly similarly distributed, but also show relevant differences for very short and very long distances. This also holds for the transitions between zones. Whether the differences between Twitter data and other data sources stem from differences in the population sub-sample, clustering methodology, or whether social networks are being used significantly more at specific locations must be determined by further research. Despite these shortcomings, location-based social network data offers a promising data source for insights into activity locations and mobility patterns, especially for regions where travel survey data is not readily available.
Bmal1-deficient mouse fibroblast cells do not provide premature cellular senescence in vitro

ABSTRACT Bmal1 is a core circadian clock gene. Bmal1−/− mice show disruption of the clock and premature aging phenotypes with a short lifespan. However, little is known whether disruption of Bmal1 leads to premature aging at cellular level. Here, we established primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells derived from Bmal1−/− mice and investigated its effects on cellular senescence. Unexpectedly, Bmal1−/− primary MEFs that showed disrupted circadian oscillation underwent neither premature replicative nor stress-induced cellular senescence. Our results therefore uncover that Bmal1 is not required for in vitro cellular senescence, suggesting that circadian clock does not control in vitro cellular senescence.
Largemouth Bass Management in Wisconsin: Intraspecific and Interspecific Implications of Abundance Increases

Largemouth Bass (LMB) Micropterus salmoides is one of the most popular sport fish in the United States and is intensively managed across much of its range. Begin - ning in 1989, Wisconsin implemented more restrictive harvest regulations for LMB, including greater minimum length limits, reduced bag limits, and a catch-and-release-only season during the spawning period across much of northern Wisconsin. We tested for trends in LMB relative abundance, growth, and angler catch and harvest in relation to LMB management policies from 1990 to 2011. We also tested for potential sport fish community responses to changes in LMB abundances using Walleye (WAE) Sander vitreus as an example. Angler catch rates and electrofishing catch per unit effort of LMB greater than 8 and 14 in increased significantly statewide. Mean length of age-6 LMB decreased significantly statewide. Release rates of LMB increased from about 80% in 1991 and then plateaued at more than 96% from 2005 to 2011. Concurrent with increases in LMB, adult WAE densities declined in lakes containing LMB. Ongoing research is being conducted to test for interactions between LMB and WAE and to test for additional environmental drivers, such as climate warming, that may be associated with increased LMB abundances. Largemouth Bass abundances have increased in Wisconsin, possibly in response to changes in harvest regulations, angler behavior, and potentially other
Antigen-presenting cells control T cell proliferation by regulating amino acid availability

All cells depend on nutrients acquired from the extracellular environment to support the biochemical processes required for cell growth. Although unicellular organisms such as bacteria and yeast have developed strategies to survive nutrient limitation, the growth of these organisms is constrained by nutrient availability. In contrast, mammalian cells exist in a nutrient-rich environment where cell growth is not limited by substrate availability, but rather by the levels of extrinsic growth factors (1, 2). Because of the limits imposed by growth factor control, cellular proliferation is restricted even under nutrient conditions that are highly favorable for unlimited cell growth. However, it is becoming apparent that nutrient availability also plays an important role in controlling mammalian cell growth. An example of this form of growth control is found in the work of Angelini et al. (3) reported in this issue that describes how dendritic cells control the proliferation of T cells by regulating the availability of the amino acid cysteine.
The Relationship between Peak Torque and Work of the Quadriceps and Hamstrings after Meniscectomy.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between isokinetic peak torque and work of the quadriceps and hamstrings in the injured and uninjured leg after arthroscopic meniscectomy. Subjects were 19 male patients who were recovering from knee arthroscopic meniscectomy with an average follow-up time from surgery to isokinetic testing of 5 months. Testing was performed at 120, 180, and 240 degrees /sec. A high correlation (r = 0.858-0.970) was noted between peak torque and work for the quadriceps and hamstrings of both legs at all three testing speeds. At the slowest speed work was significantly greater than peak torque, while at the fastest speed work was significantly less than peak torque. At the middle speed, peak torque and work did not differ significantly. Work deficits clearly reflected peak torque deficits of the injured and uninjured knees. In summary, work analysis may offer little additional information to that attained by peak torque analysis.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1987;8(8):405-408.
Generalized Wiener estimation of three-dimensional current distribution from biomagnetic measurements

Proposes a method for estimating three-dimensional (3-D) biocurrent distribution from spatio-temporal biomagnetic data. This method is based on the principle of generalized Wiener estimation, and it is formulated based on the assumption that current sources are uncorrelated. Computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed method can reconstruct a 3-D current distribution where the conventional least-squares minimum-norm method fails. The influence of noise is also simulated, and the results indicate that a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 20 for the uncorrelated sensor noise is needed to implement the proposed method. The calculated point spread function shows that the proposed method has very high spatial resolution compared to the conventional minimum norm method. The results of computer simulation of the distributed current sources are also presented, including cases where current sources are correlated. These results suggest that no serious errors arise if the source correlation is weak.
The association of early dental caries patterns with caries incidence in preschool children.

OBJECTIVES This study assessed the development of caries in preschool children over two years according to baseline caries pattern. METHODS Connecticut Head Start children (n = 142, mean age = 3.8 years) were examined for dental caries at baseline (spring 1991) and once annually for two years. Children were categorized at baseline as caries-free, having pit and fissure (PF) caries, or having maxillary anterior (MA) caries. RESULTS After two years, children who presented at baseline with MA or PF caries had a mean posterior dmfs of greater than seven and four times, respectively, that of children who were caries-free at baseline. When dental caries of the primary dentition was categorized by specific posterior patterns (i.e., posterior proximal [PP] and buccal/lingual [BL]), change in dmfs for the PP and BL patterns in the group that presented with pit/fissure caries at baseline were nearly four and three times greater, respectively, than for those in the caries-free group. The group that presented with maxillary anterior caries at baseline had PP and BL caries increments eight times those of children who began caries-free. CONCLUSION Dental caries presentation in 3- to 4-year-old children can identify those children and tooth surfaces that will be at the greatest risk for future caries development.
Improving treatment adherence to antihypertensive therapy: the role of single-pill combinations

Introduction: The majority of patients with hypertension require combination therapy to achieve their blood pressure (BP) goal. Studies have consistently shown that polypharmacy and complex treatment regimens have a detrimental effect on treatment compliance, adherence and persistence (herein referred to as treatment adherence). Areas covered: This paper reviews the available clinical evidence, as well as guidelines, which propose combinations of an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) or an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor plus a calcium channel blocker (CCB) or diuretic. Expert opinion: ARBs are associated with better tolerability compared with ACE inhibitors, and data suggest that ARB/CCB combinations may be better tolerated than CCB monotherapy. The use of true once-daily single-pill combination therapy with effective and well-tolerated agents will reduce pill burden, simplify treatment regimens and improve treatment adherence, which will, in turn, help patients to reach and maintain their BP target and achieve the short- and long-term treatment goal of cardiovascular risk reduction.