Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Negative Emotional Valence Intensity Affects Visual Attention in the Information Encoding Process

We process surrounding information by orienting our attention to important objects. Our attention is often drawn towards to the objects that carry emotional information. Therefore, the functions of emotional information on visual attention have been examined extensively. Theoretically emotion comprises two dimensions, valence and arousal. Previous studies have reported that stimuli with high arousal intensity capture visual attention more strongly. However, the relationship between visual processing and negative emotional valence intensity has not investigated sufficiently. Therefore, I conducted two experiments to examine this relationship. In Experiment 1, participants performed a visual search task with the following three valence levels: neutral (control) and highand low-intensity negative emotional valence stimuli (both angry faces). Results indicated that response times for high-intensity negative emotional valence stimuli were shorter than those of the low-intensity ones. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to detect a target face among successively presented faces. Facial stimuli were the same as those used in Experiment 1. Results revealed that accuracy was higher for identifying angry faces than for neutral faces. However, performance did not differ as a function of negative emotional valence intensity. Overall, the task performance differences between negative emotional valence intensities were observed in visual search, but not in attentional blink. Therefore, negative emotional valence intensity likely contributes to the efficiency of visual information encoding.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PACHNODA SA WGNY G . & P . LARVAE ( COLEOPTERA : SCARABAEIDAE ) TO THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE STEINEWEMA GLASERZ ( STEINER ) ( FtHABDIT 1 DA : STEINERNEMATIDAE )

A laboratory screening of 10 strains of entomopathogenic nematodes belonging to Sternernemu spp. revealed that S. glasen is the most effective steinernematid against the 3rd instar larvae of the peach cockchafèr, Puchnoda savigny (ColeopkmScarabaeidae). Bioassays indicated that both 2nd and 3rd instar grubs are susc tible to S. glasen using nematode concentrations ranging between 8,000 and 35,000 infective
12 Differentiation Therapy in Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid cancer (TC) has a much lower incidence (0.74% in men, 2.3% in women worldwide) than cancers of breast, colon, prostate, lung and endometrium but is the seventh most frequent human malignancy and the most common neoplasm of the endocrine system. Thyroid cancer accounts for 1% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. Over the past decades the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased significantly (50% in the last 25 years). It is suspected that the observed increase is mainly due to better detection methods because microcarcinoma are seen frequently (up to 35%) in autopsies (Harach et al., 1985). Most cancers of the thyroid originate from follicular thyrocytes, only a minority of cancers, namely medullary thyroid cancer, originate from calcitonin producing C-cells (C-cells). They belong to another entity of tumors and will not be addressed in this review.
Jurisdictional Approaches to REDD+ and Low Emissions Development: Progress and Prospects

The jurisdictional approach (JA) to REDD+ and low emissions development has gained considerable currency in recent years. As understood here, JA refers to a government-led, comprehensive approach to forest and land use across one or more legally defined territories. Multiple efforts directed at building jurisdictional approaches have been underway across the tropics for more than a decade, proceeding mainly at the level of states and provinces. Although these programs exhibit considerable diversity and varying levels of maturity, several important lessons have emerged from experiences to date. These include the importance of broad, multi-stakeholder processes; the need for a complementary set of cross-sectoral policies and programs grounded in a realistic assessment of implementation capacity within the government and among key partners; and the critical role of political commitment and leadership.
Forest dynamics of a subtropical monsoon forest in Dinghushan, China: recruitment, mortality and the pace of community change

Abstract: Structure and demographics in many tropical forests is changing, but the causes of these changes remain unclear. We studied 5 y (2005–2010) of species turnover, recruitment, mortality and population change data from a 20-ha subtropical forest plot in Dinghushan, China, to identify trends in forest change, and to test whether tree mortality is associated with intraspecific or interspecific competition. We found the Dinghushan forest to be more dynamic than one temperate and two tropical forests in a comparison of large, long-term forest dynamics plots. Within Dinghushan, size-class distributions were bell-shaped only for the three most dominant species and reverse J-shaped for other species. Bell-shaped population distributions can indicate a population in decline, but our data suggest that these large and long-lived species are not in decline because the pattern is driven by increasing probabilities of transition to larger size class with increasing size and fast growth in saplings. Spatially aggregated tree species distributions were common for surviving and dead individuals. Competitive associations were more frequently intraspecific than interspecific. The competition that induced tree mortality was more associated with intraspecific than interspecific interactions. Intraspecific competitive exclusion and density-dependence appear to play important roles in tree mortality in this subtropical forest.
Controlling for heterogeneity in the Illinois bonus experiment

In this paper I consider a re-employment bonus experiment that was conducted in Illinois. We answer questions such as: “How much money would be saved if this program would be introduced generally? ’ or “How much does the average unemployment duration decrease if this program would beintroduced generally? ”. To answer to these questions I estimate a structural hazard model that allows for heterogeneity and partial compliance, then I simulate the distribution of unemployment durations if the program would be introduced generally.
Perceptual color scales for univariate and bivariate data display

Ten univariate and six bivariate color-encoding schemes were created within the perceptually uniform CIELAB color space. The effectiveness of these color scales was evaluated in three psychophysical experiments. Experiments I and II tested the ten univariate scales and Experiment III tested the six bivariate schemes. Experiments I and III were paired-comparison experiments in which observers judged the utility of the various renderings. Experiment II evaluated the scales by having observers judge the values of indicated points in the images. Experiments I and II demonstrated that the performance of Spectral L* and the three diverging color scales were significantly better than the other six. Experiment III showed that the constant hue plane scheme had a better rendering performance than the double cone and cylinder schemes. In both the double cone and cylinder schemes, the narrow hue range performed better than the one with wide range. There was no strong image dependency for univariate scales, but there was for the bivariate schemes.
Whey and protein derivatives: Applications in food products development, technological properties and functional effects on child health

Abstract Whey is an industrial by-product with high nutritional value and an extensive use in food products. This study aimed to show some applications of whey and its proteins in food and discuss their effects on child health. The choice of works from the last 10 years was based on the search in databases using relevant descriptors. Few studies were found, a fact that turns this issue into an original one for the development of scientific hypothesis about the functional capability of dairy products. Literature showed that whey proteins enhance various food characteristics sensory. However, the benefits of these proteins in health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases, including the childhood, are controversial. The beneficial actions of these proteins are associated with their high bioavailability of calcium and especially the presence of bioactive peptides, which may modulate allergy and metabolic complications in children. On the other hand, some studies report that infant formulas that have high content of whey proteins are rich in leucine, which would contribute to the early onset of obesity. This review highlighted the need to carry out a greater number of studies in order to elucidate the consequences of the consumption of these proteins on child health.
Different levels of protein on the performance of synthetic broiler.

An experiment was conducted with fifty four, 21 days old synthetic broiler (fifth generation) to study the effect of different levels of dietary protein on the performance of broiler during growing and finisher period. Three levels of protein i.e. T1 (18% CP), T2 (19% CP) and T3 (20%CP) were considered as the dietary treatments. The body weight achieved at 42 days of age was 1422.00, 1705.37 and 1563.67 gm in T1, T2 and T3, respectively which differs significantly (p 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The net profit per kg live broiler was significantly highest (Tk.14.09/kg) (p<0.01) in T2 diet as compared to other treatments. It may be concluded that 19% crude protein diet, was the best with respect to growth, FCR and net profit for synthetic broiler (fifth generation) during growing and finisher period. DOI = http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2. 11193 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8 (2) : 117-122
Influence of environmental parameters on fish assemblage of a neotropical river with a flood pulse regime, Central Brazil

This study aims to determine which of twelve environmental parameters (five physicochemical and seven hydromorphological) influence on the fish assemblage structure of the lower Mortes River basin located in the Bananal floodplain of the Araguaia River basin, Central Brazil. Sampling was conducted in six stretches of 1000 m each during the high and low waters. Fish were captured using gill nets and environmental parameters were measured by portable equipment or determined visually. The co-inertia analysis indicated that two physicochemical (dissolved oxygen and water transparency), and four hydromorphological (channel width and depth, riparian vegetation cover and type of the riverside substrate) parameters structure the fish assemblages, both driven by the regional hydrological patterns (flood pulse). These results are explained by fish-environmental parameters relationship characteristic of the aquatic Neotropical systems.
Comparison of Pseudo-Static Limit Equilibrium and Elastic Wave Equation Analyses of Dynamic Earth Pressures on Retaining Structures

Author(s): Wagner, N; Sitar, N | Abstract: © 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers. The seismic earth pressure increment is typically computed using either pseudo-static limit equilibrium methods or elastic wave equation analyses of the interaction between a retaining structure and backfill material, yet current interpretations of the two methods provide conflicting recommendations. The focus of this study is to compare the seismic earth pressure increment computed using the two methods. This approach is demonstrated by subjecting an initially uniform prototype site selected from standard site classifications to harmonic excitation in one-dimensional equivalent linear analyses. Then, the seismic earth pressure resultant for a rigid wall is computed using the two methods. The limit equilibrium approach utilizes the acceleration records from the equivalent linear analysis to compute a seismic coefficient, whereas the elastic solution incorporates the reduced modulus and damping from the final iteration of the analysis, as well as the relative displacement records. The results presented herein corroborate the findings of recent centrifuge experiments and associated analyses.
Effects of Court Specific and Minimalist Footwear on the Biomechanics of a Maximal 180° Cutting Manoeuvre

Purpose. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of different footwear on the kinetics and kinematics of performing a 180° cutting manoeuvre. Methods. Nine male participants performed maximal 180° cut movements in court shoes, minimalist footwear, energy return, and conventional running shoes. Lower limb kinematic data were collected with the use of an 8 camera motion capture system, ground reaction forces were quantified with an embedded force platform, and tibial accelerations were obtained by means of an accelerometer. Differences in kinetics and kinematics between footwear were examined by one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results. The results showed that both instantaneous loading rate and peak tibial acceleration were significantly larger in the minimalist (282.91 BW/s and 6.38 g) and court (326.67 BW/s and 6.35 g) footwear compared with the conventional (143.19 BW/s and 5.46 g) and energy return (106.14 BW/s and 4.98 g) footwear. In addition, peak inversion was revealed to be significantly larger in the minimalist (16.36°) than in conventional (11.86°), court (12.61°), and energy return (10.12°) footwear. Conclusions. These findings indicate that minimalist and court footwear may place athletes at increased risk from injury when performing 180° cut movements. © 2017 Human Movement.
A study of the NOx dependence of isoprene oxidation

[1] A large set of isoprene and isoprene oxidation product concentration data from four North American sites was examined to assess the NOx dependence of the daytime oxidation of isoprene. Sites that represent a wide range of NOx (50 ppt to 30 ppb) were studied and include the Dickson, Tennessee, and Cornelia Fort Air Park sites during the 1999 Southern Oxidants Study, the Pellston, Michigan, site during the 1998 PROPHET summer intensive, and the Kejimkujik National Park site during the Atlantic 1996 study. Knowledge of NOx and HOx concentrations were critical for this evaluation. While NOx data are readily available at all sites, HOx data are limited. We employed a simple 10-reaction HOx model to calculate steady state OH radical concentrations as a function of [NOx] to enable analysis of the data from all sites. Here, we use methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) concentrations to quantify the extent of isoprene-OH oxidation. Making use of the MVK/isoprene ratio, we show that the rate of production of isoprene oxidation products at various North American sites, although highly variable, exhibits the crossover from NOx-dependent to VOC-dependent conditions at ∼8 ppb [NOx], in agreement with what is calculated from HOx measurements and our calculations.
Fatigue crack micromechanisms in a Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy with pseudo-elastic behavior

Shape memory property characterizes the behavior of many Ti based and Cu based alloys (SMAs). In Cu-Zn-Al SMAs, the original shape recovering is due to a bcc phase that is stable at high temperature. After an appropriate cooling process, this phase (? -phase or austenitic phase) transforms reversibly into a B2 structure (transition phase) and, after a further cooling process or a plastic deformation, it transforms into a DO3 phase (martensitic phase). In ? -Cu-Zn-Al SMAs, the martensitic transformation due to plastic deformation is not stable at room temperature: a high temperature “austenitization” process followed by a high speed cooling process allow to obtain a martensitic phase with a higher stability. In this work, a Cu-Zn-Al SMA in “as cast” conditions has been microstructurally and metallographically characterized by means of X-Ray diffraction and Light Optical Microscope (LOM) observations. Fatigue crack propagation resistance and damaging micromechanisms have been investigated corresponding to three different load ratios (R=0.10, 0.50 and 0.75).
Seamen's Organizations and Social Protest in Europe, c. 1300–1825

The friend of Havelock Wilson, the founder of the National Union of Seamen, who once told him that true unity among seamen would never be achieved because seamen were like “a rope of sand”, washed away with every tide, would no longer be considered a sage. It was not only Wilson who, during his career as trade unionist, proved beyond any doubt that the “rope of sand” could indeed hold together. The seamen, too, had shown long before the rise of the new unions at the end of the nineteenth century that they possessed more cohesive power than Havelock's friend was prepared to credit them with – at least, if British employers are to be believed. One of the first occasions on which British employers appealed to the Combination Act of 1799 was during a labour dispute in December 1799, when coal merchants (through the intermediary of the Mayor of London) urged the Home Secretary to take action against an alleged combination of seamen in Shields. The Coal Trade Committee of 1800 blamed combinations of seamen for the high wages, which had reached an unprecedented level.
Surface Energy Balance of High Altitude Glaciers in the Central Andes: The Effect of Snow Penitentes

The Dry Central Andes stretching from latitude 31 S to 35 S are climatic deserts, yet they support rich agriculture and large urban centres thanks to melt water from glaciers and snow covered mountains. Most of the agriculture of the Chilean Central Valley is irrigated (Schwerdtfeger 1976), and all drinking water for Santiago de Chile, with over five million inhabitants (one third of the population of Chile), comes from water reservoirs fed by snow and ice melt during the summer. On the Argentinian side of the Andes, with barely 180 mm of annual precipitation, the provinces of Mendoza (population over 1.5 million) and San Juan are the country’s main wine producers and the region has rich agricultural farms. This production is only possible thanks to a well developed irrigation system making efficient use of the summer melt water from the Cordillera. The contrast between the desert natural vegetation and the lush green of the cultivated farms is evident over the whole province, stressing the vital role of the mountains as “water towers of the world for the 21st Century. ” (Liniger et al. 1998) In this paper we present results from a field campaign and associated modelling, comparing the components of energy balance in this area with that of Alpine basins and presenting low cost remote sensing techniques suitable for use in a region where access is difficult and expensive. Particular attention is given to penitentes: surface ablation forms that are common on most glaciers of the Central Andes at high altitude, and have an important effect on the energy and mass balance of the snow cover. The relative importance on snow ablation and therefore on water resources will be addressed
Evolution of the MBH–σ and MBH–Lbulge Relations

Abstract To constrain the origin of scaling relations between black hole mass and galaxy properties, i.e., stellar velocity dispersion and bulge luminosity, we investigate the evolution of scaling relations in the past 6 Gyrs. Over the last three years, we have obtained high signal-to-noise ratio Keck spectra of ~ 50 intermediate luminosity broad-line AGNs at z ~ 0.4 and z ~ 0.6, to measure stellar velocity dispersion, and HST (ACS and NICMOS) images of the same objects (~ 40 so far), to measure bulge luminosity from the two-dimensional AGN-galaxy decomposition analysis. In this paper, we will summarize the main results on the MBH–σ and MBH–bulge luminosity relations and their evolution to the present-day universe. The measured scaling relations show that the relations have evolved significantly in the past 6 billion years, and that black hole growth predates the final galaxy assembly.
Supply chain of routine orthopaedic implants in Kampala, Uganda: public-private workarounds arising from poverty and scarcity

We examined how surgical implants were accessed by orthopaedic trauma patients in selected public and private hospitals in Kampala, Uganda. The study employed a series of interviews with professionals highly familiar with this circumstance: orthopaedic surgeons from Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH), and staff of the MNRH and Ministry of Health (MOH) procurement departments. We also interviewed patients who had received implants in MNRH. Surgeons were forthcoming in describing how implants were made available to their patients and offered several opinions on implant quality, regulation, and the importance of donations in orthopaedic care. The health care officers corroborated the implant procurement process described by the surgeons. We observed that the procurement process was comprised of three distinct pathways: two pathways through which patients purchased implants either directly or through intermediaries, and one donations pathway that provided Western implants through collaborative partnerships. These pathways have evolved to circumvent the mismatch between the high cost of orthopaedic trauma surgery and the overall poverty of the population. This qualitative study strongly supports expanding the capability of the Uganda National Medical Stores (NMS), the arm of the MOH that stores and distributes medicines and supplies to public hospitals, into a sustainable source of orthopaedic implants, inclusive of improved regulatory oversight and quality control for implants.
Strength and Chloride Content of Nanoclayed Ultra-High Performance Concrete

The major cause for degradation of reinforced concrete due to chloride penetration has been the great research effort. A large number of published literatures on chloride penetration for ultra-high performance concrete have been reported. In this paper, the strength and the chloride resistance characteristic of the nanoclayed ultra-high performance concrete ( UHPC-NC ) were investigated. Series of ultra-high performance concrete specimens comprise of 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% of nanoclay replacing the total weight of cement were produced. Four ( 4) series of UHPC-NC specimens were designated as UHPC, UHPC-NC1, UHPC-NC3 and UHPC-NC5 respectively. The workability of fresh UHPC and UHPC-NCs, strength performance and chloride content of UHPC and UHPC-NCs measured using Mercuric Thiocyanate method were investigated. It is reported that all the UHPC mixes have high workability however; UHPC-NC5 recorded the lowest slump reading. It also clearly emerges that replacing 1% of cement with nanoclay enhance significantly the compressive and splitting tensile strength as compared to that without nanoclay. The optimum nanoclay replacement level was found to be 1% from the total weight of OPC for strength, but not for chloride diffusion. In term of total chloride content, it is revealed that the incorporation of nanoclay into UHPC mix leads to the reduction of chloride diffusion of the resulted UHPC. It shows that 5% replacement level of nanoclay effectively decreases the chloride diffusivity in UHPC.
In-situ formation, thermal decomposition, and adsorption studies of transition metal carbonyl complexes with short-lived radioisotopes

Abstract We report on the in-situ synthesis of metal carbonyl complexes with short-lived isotopes of transition metals. Complexes of molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium and rhodium were synthesized by thermalisation of products of neutron-induced fission of 249Cf in a carbon monoxide-nitrogen mixture. Complexes of tungsten, rhenium, osmium, and iridium were synthesized by thermalizing short-lived isotopes produced in 24Mg-induced fusion evaporation reactions in a carbon monoxide containing atmosphere. The chemical reactions took place at ambient temperature and pressure conditions. The complexes were rapidly transported in a gas stream to collection setups or gas phase chromatography devices. The physisorption of the complexes on Au and SiO2 surfaces was studied. We also studied the stability of some of the complexes, showing that these start to decompose at temperatures above 300 ℃ in contact with a quartz surface. Our studies lay a basis for the investigation of such complexes with transactinides.