Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of Fruit, Foliar, and Plant Habit Attributes in Capsicum

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. breeding, heritability, leaf, linkage, plant height ABSTRACT. Considerable diversity exists in Capsicum L. germplasm for fruit and leaf shape, size, and color as well as plant habit. Using F1 ,F 2, and backcross generations developed from diverse parental stocks, this report describes the inheritance patterns and relationships between unique foliar characters and diverse fruit and plant habit attributes. Our results demonstrate that pepper fruit color, shape, and fruit per cluster were simply inherited with modifying gene action. Broad-sense heritability for fruit color and shape and fruit per cluster was high, whereas narrow-sense heritability for these characters was moderate to low. Although fruit clustering was simply inherited, the number of fruit per cluster exhibited a quantitative mode of inheritance. High fruit counts per cluster were linked with red fruit color and anthocyanin pigmented foliage. Fruit shape was linked with immature fruit color and inherited inde- pendently of mature fruit color. Leaf color, length, and plant height were quantitatively inherited. Leaf shape did not vary, but leaf length varied and was positively correlated with leaf width. Broad-sense heritability for leaf characters, including leaf length, leaf width, and leaf color, was high. With the exception of leaf width, which exhibited low narrow-sense heritability, high narrow-sense heritability for leaf characters denoted additive gene action. Plant heightdisplayedhighbroad-sense heritability.Moderatenarrow-sense heritabilitysuggested thatadditiveeffectsalso influence plant height. Analysis of segregating populations demonstrated that red and orange fruit color can be combined with all possible leaf colors from green to black. These results provide new data to clarify and extend available information on the inheritance of Capsicum fruit attributes and provide new information on the genetic control of leaf characters and plant habit.
A Dynamic Model of Auctions with Buy‐It‐Now: Theory and Evidence

In the ascending-price auctions with Yahoo! -type buy-it-now (BIN), we characterize and derive the closed-form solution for the optimal bidding strategy of the bidder and the optimal BIN price of the seller when they are both risk-averse. The seller is shown to be strictly better o with the BIN option, while the bidders are better o only when their valuation is greater than a threshold value. The theory also implies that the expected transaction price is higher in an auction with an optimal BIN price than one without a BIN. This prediction is conrmed by our data collected from Taiwan's Yahoo! auctions of Nikon digital cameras.
Debt-Creating Capital Flows and their Macroeconomic Implications in Ukraine

This paper investigates the macroeconomic and financial stability risks associated with foreign borrowing by corporations and banks in emerging markets; it estimates the effects of debt-creating flows for the Ukrainian economy by applying a multiple-regression analysis; and assesses the foreign debt position from the point of view of a ‘safe’ debt level. On the basis of estimates and conclusions thereby derived, the author proposes a spectrum of capital flow management measures that may smoothen the swings in capital flows and reduce the build-up of associated vulnerabilities.
Designing instruction and learning for cognitively gifted pupils in preschool and primary school

Young gifted children perform in the top 10% in assessments of cognitive, social, expressive or other abilities. The study first considers why, and how, cognitively gifted pupils in particular may face enforced underachievement as early as in preschool. A longitudinal multilevel model is developed to represent various types of interaction between individual pupil variables, home variables, and early educational variables. The theoretical model is then used to design optimal instructional and learning conditions for gifted and other pupils from the start of preschool. The conditions are elucidated in a set of educational, information and communication technology (ICT), and learning guidelines to improve play and learning practices in preschool and primary school. Some initial experiences in implementing the guidelines in Dutch preschools and primary schools are discussed and compared with school conditions for pupils with emotional and social disorders.
Polymorphism of bone morphogenetic protein receptor-IB (BMPR-IB) gene with litter size and kids growth of some goat breeds in Egypt.

Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (PCRRFLP) and Single Nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) techniques were used to study the association between bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB (BMPR IB) gene polymorphism with litter size trait and kids growth. Forty four Female goats were precisely selected according to their litter size and kids growth. PCR amplification of 190 bp of the BMPR-IB gene was genotyped in all goats and sequenced only in those produced the highest and lowest litter size and kids growth. Restriction analysis of PCR-RFLP using Ava II and Hind III of the BMPR-IB gene (190-bp) do not produce restriction fragments. By DNA sequencing, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at seven different positions were obtained. Furthermore, with translation of SNPs to corresponding amino acids, change of six amino acids in three female goats were obtained as the flowing, Baladi goat with high litter size, glutamic acid (E) changed to aspartic acid (P) and isoleucine (I) changed to valine (V). In high litter size, Zaraibi goat, valine (V) changed to leucine acid (L) and glutamine (Q) changed to histidine (H). In another Zaraibi Goat with high litter size valine (V) changed to leucine acid (L) and threonine (T) changed to proline (P). These findings can be used in a marker-assisted selection (MAS) for selection for high litter size trait in goats. There are negative relationships in most goats between SNPs in BMPR IB gene and relative growth gain (RGG).
Surface Modification of Retroviral Vectors for Gene Therapy

If biomedicine is considered to be the use of biological or botanical agents in medicine then it is certainly the oldest kind of therapy. Since drugs, however, it is no longer the most prolifically used, at least in the developed world. Will this change, and if so will it be in the near or more distant future? It has been discussed amongst experts in the industry for some time that, despite ever-increasing funding and new high-tech methods of discovery and screening, amounts of new drugs and drug leads are declining. In part, this has opened the way for biologics. The frontrunner is of course antibody technologies, mainly monoclonals, the use of which has exploded over the last 5 years to the point where most of the major pharma players are involved or are getting involved in what has now become a multi-billion dollar industry. Antibodies have reached the point of being a well trusted and accepted form of medical product across the industry and communities from bench to bedside. Many believe the next similar success story will be for cell therapy, probably some differentiated form of stem cells. Although it has been happening for 20 years, it is only in the past 5 years that the amount of patients being treated with cells, as a therapy, has increased into the thousands per year. The vast majority of these are autologous cell treatments, undertaken by hospitals and private clinics on a patient to patient basis using the patients’ own cells to treat a wide variety of diseases and conditions. These are not officially approved medical products. However, there are several non-pharmaceutical giant companies now in clinical trials, notable amongst these are Geron in the USA, Mesoblast in Australia and ReNeuron in the UK, although there are some interesting endeavors in Southeast Asia too, e.g. Medipost in Korea. All of these are undergoing various stages and sizes of clinical trials for diverse indications, some of which are showing already very encouraging results. It is predicted that within the next few years one or more of these potential products will reach the market as an approved medical product. Having said this, other than showing ongoing safety and efficacy in the trials, some hurdles do remain in the industry as whole, such as up-scaling for mass production of the cells which is considered necessary for generating an off-the-shelf product. If this trend continues, it is only reasonable to assume that gene therapy will follow, most probably some years after cell therapy has been more widely accepted, but possibly in parallel to some extent, as there are also a number of human gene therapy trials already in progress. So, how significant will retroviral (RV) and lentiviral (LV) vectors be in this future gene therapy industry? One approach to answer this is to look at how popular they have
The Origins of Reputation: Behavior, Visibility, and Personality

Functional theories of reputation imply that individualsâ€™ reputations are tied to their history of behavior. However, indirect evidence suggests that the link between reputation and behavior may be tenuous at best. In three studies we tracked the development of reputations over time among MBA students in negotiation classes. We found that individualsâ€™ reputations were linked to their history of behavior, but not strongly. However, the relation between reputation and behavior was more robust for some individuals than others. Specifically, for individuals who were well-known and received more social attention in the cohort, their reputation was strongly related to their behavior. In contrast, for less visible individuals who were more ignored by others, their behavior had little impact on their reputation. Finally, individualsâ€™ behavior history in the negotiations was related to their trait agreeableness. This latter finding suggests that personality does shape behavior in negotiations, in contrast to some previous assertions; however, individualsâ€™ behavior must be measured in aggregate, across negotiations, rather than in single interactions. The findings have implications for our understanding of reputation, the costs and benefits of social visibility, and personality effects in negotiations
Predicting hopelessness: The interaction between optimism/pessimism and specific future expectancies

Improving our understanding of hopelessness is central to suicide prevention. This is the first study to investigate whether generalised expectancies for the future (optimism/pessimism) and specific future-oriented cognitions (future thinking) interact to predict hopelessness and dysphoria. To this end, participants completed measures of future thinking, optimism/pessimism and affect at Time 1 and measures of affect and stress at Time 2, 10–12 weeks later. Results indicated that changes in hopelessness but not dysphoria were predicted by the interaction between positive future thinking (but not negative future thinking), optimism/pessimism and stress beyond initial levels of hopelessness and dysphoria. Additional moderating analyses are also reported. These findings point to the fruits of integrating personality and cognitive processes, to better understand hopelessness.
Effect of the Addition of Hydrocolloids to Tomato-Carrot Juice Blend

Carrot is an important root crop cultivated throughout the world for its fleshy edible roots; and is used for human consumption as well as animal feed. Carrots are rich source of betacarotene (and contain appreciable amounts of thiamine and riboflavin [6]. Carotenoids in carrot and tomato have also been linked with enhancement of the immune system and decreased risk of degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, age-related macular degeneration, and cataract formation [7]. Carrot has long been a component of tomato blends. Sedimentation is a main problem in carrot juice. Several studies reported that cloud stability could be improved by using polysaccharides stabilizer and reducing pulp content, however this might affect texture attributes of the product [8].
The challenge of large and empty voids in the SDSS DR7 redshift survey

We present catalogues of voids for the SDSS DR7 redshift survey and for Millennium I simulation mock data. We aim to compare the observations with simulations based on a $\Lambda$CDM model and a semi-analytic galaxy formation model. We use the void statistics as a test for these models. We assembled a mock catalogue that closely resembles the SDSS DR7 catalogue and carried out a parallel statistical analysis of the observed and simulated catalogue. We find that in the observation and the simulation, voids tend to be equally spherical. The total volume occupied by the voids and their total number are slightly larger in the simulation than in the observation. We find that large voids are less abundant in the simulation and the total luminosity of the galaxies contained in a void with a given radius is higher on average than observed by SDSS DR7 survey. We expect these discrepancies to be even more significant in reality than found here since the present value of $\sigma_8$ given by WMAP7 is lower than the value of 0.9 used in the Millennium I simulation. The reason why the simulation fails to produce enough large and dark voids might be the failure of certain semi-analytic galaxy formation models to reduce the small-scale power of $\Lambda$CDM and to produce sufficient power on large scales.
Effect of oral evening primrose capsules on ripening of the cervix in nulliparous Iranian pregnant women (A randomized trial)

Introduction: Ripening of the cervix and uterine contractions are two basic factors of a successful delivery. Lack of ripening of the cervix is considered to be one of the problems of delivery. Thus, the present research was designed to determine the effect of oral evening primrose capsules on the ripening of cervix in nulliparous women. Materials and methods: This research has been conducted with the triple-blind randomized trial method on 80 nulliparous women in the 40th week of pregnancy (6th day + 40 weeks) visiting the prenatal clinic Prenatal clinic Shahid Akbarabadi educational and medical center of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Samples were divided into two equal groups of medicine and placebo with the randomized allocation method. Each of the participants took a bottle containing 14 1000mg oral evening primrose capsules (2 capsules per day, each 12 twelve hours for a week) or the placebo containing 14 1000mg oral capsules of paraffin in similar bottles. Data collecting tools include: demographic specifications questionnaire and the form of the records of the examinations. Data was analyzed through statistical tests and SPSS software version 16 using descriptive inferential statistic. Findings: Similarity of the two groups in terms of individual specifications and Bishop Score before the intervention were reviewed in the two groups and no significant statistical difference was seen between the two groups. The mean of the Bishop score for those who had taken 10 or more capsules after the intervention did not show a statistically significant difference (p=0.110). Conclusion: Consumption of evening primrose did not show a considerable improvement in the score. It is recommended to do more comparative studies in this field in later weeks of pregnancy due to the conflicts of the studies.
Photosynthetic Adaptive Strategies in Evergreen and Semi-Deciduous Species of Mediterranean Maquis During Winter

Mediterranean-type ecosystems are characterised by a particular temperature and rainfall regime that limits plant growth in both summer and winter seasons (Mitrakos, 1980; Larcher, 2000). Mediterranean plant community is very heterogeneous and include many evergreen and semi-deciduous species that present a complex mixture of elements, some deriving from in situ evolution, others having colonized the area from adjacent regions in different periods in the past (Blondel & Aronson 1999; Gratani & Varone, 2004). The result of this evolution is that the Mediterranean maquis species are well adapted to environmental stress conditions and successfully overcome them (Sanchez-Blanco et al., 2002; Varone & Gratani, 2007). Structural and physiological adaptations consist in a mixture of characteristics that make these species very resistant to stresses. High leaf consistency, leaf tissue density, leaf thickness, and reduced leaf area are traits improving drought resistance by decreasing photochemical damages to the photosynthetic system (Abril & Hanano 1998; Castro-Diez et al. 1998; Gratani & Ghia 2002). In this study we have focused our attention on photosynthetic adaptive strategies in Mediterranean evergreen and semi-deciduous species subjected to winter temperatures. Winter depression of photosynthetic activity, occurring between December and February, is the consequence of low temperatures which are responsible for slowing down metabolic processes and cessation of growth (Rhizopoulou et al., 1989; Larcher, 2000). Under these conditions, photosynthetic performance may decline and may be restored when the environmental conditions become favourable for growth in spring (Larcher, 2000; Oliveira & Penuelas, 2004). The combination of low temperatures and high light, may induce a reduction in photochemical efficiency, increasing the sensitivity of photosystems to photoinhibition (Powles, 1984). Mediterranean plant communities comprise many evergreen and semi-deciduous species that cope with winter cold through different strategies that include biochemical, physiological, anatomical and cytological modifications (Huner et al., 1981; Boese & Huner 1990; Long et al., 1994; Oliveira & Penuelas, 2000; Tattini et al., 2000).
Comparisons of Pressure-controlled Ventilation with Volume Guarantee and Volume-controlled 1:1 Equal Ratio Ventilation on Oxygenation and Respiratory Mechanics during Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: a Randomized-controlled Trial

Background: During robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP), steep Trendelenburg position and carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum are inevitable for surgical exposure, both of which can impair cardiopulmonary function. This study was aimed to compare the effects of pressure-controlled ventilation with volume guarantee (PCV with VG) and 1:1 equal ratio ventilation (ERV) on oxygenation, respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics during RALP. Methods: Eighty patients scheduled for RALP were randomly allocated to either the PCV with VG or ERV group. After anesthesia induction, volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) was applied with an inspiratory to expiratory (I/E) ratio of 1:2. Immediately after pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg positioning, VCV with I/E ratio of 1:1 (ERV group) or PCV with VG using Autoflow mode (PCV with VG group) was initiated. At the end of Trendelenburg position, VCV with I/E ratio of 1:2 was resumed. Analysis of arterial blood gases, respiratory mechanics, and hemodynamics were compared between groups at four times: 10 min after anesthesia induction (T1), 30 and 60 min after pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg positioning (T2 and T3), and 10 min after desufflation and resuming the supine position (T4). Results: There were no significant differences in arterial blood gas analyses including arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) between groups throughout the study period. Mean airway pressure (Pmean) were significantly higher in the ERV group than in the PCV with VG group T2 (p<0.001) and T3 (p=0.002). Peak airway pressure and hemodynamic data were comparable in both groups. Conclusion: PCV with VG was an acceptable alternative to ERV during RALP producing similar PaO2 values. The lower Pmean with PCV with VG suggests that it may be preferable in patients with reduced cardiovascular function.
A REFLECTION OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY: CHILDHOOD MALNUTRITION IN TURKEY

Malnutrition among children has been on the decrease in Turkey for the last two decades. The proportion of underweight children under age five has decreased from 9.5 percent in 1993 to 2.8 percent in 2008. One of the aims of the Millenium Development Goals (MDG) was to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger. Not having hunger as a problem in its public health agenda, Turkey reached beyond the target of halving the chronic malnutrition indicator. However, malnutrition remains an important problem, since one in ten children is still stunted. Even more importantly, inequalities persist among subpopulations. Our findings showed that the proportion of stunted children is higher in the Eastern region of Turkey – a region typically characterized by poorer socio-economic indicators. The proportion of stunted children is as high as 22 percent for households with the lowest household wealth levels. Our study focused on the changes in childhood chronic malnutrition over time for main demographic regions and wealth levels to see how inequalities evolved over time. We further attempted to identify the risk groups of childhood chronic malnutrition from the latest available Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. We aimed to provide insight for policy implementation.
The Prevalence of Collaboration Among American Teachers: National Findings from the American Teacher Panel

T here is abundant research suggesting that peer collaboration is an important component of teachers’ long-term career development and capacity to support student learning. A growing body of evidence reveals that teachers’ satisfaction and career pathways are affected more by workplace environment, including aspects of teachers’ ability to collaborate with peers, than by student characteristics (Kraft et al., 2015; Johnson, Kraft, and Papay, 2012; Ladd, 2011; Simon and Johnson, 2015). Schools that provide appropriate, deliberate, and coherent types of teacher support—such as regular opportunities for collaboration— are far more likely to attract, develop, and retain effective teachers, thus ensuring that all students routinely benefit from skilled and committed instruction (Ingersoll and Kralik, 2004). For example, researchers have found that collaboration can provide opportunities for teachers to engage in informal mentoring from more-experienced and more-effective colleagues (Jackson and Bruegmann, 2009), experiment with new instructional approaches (Moolenaar, C O R P O R A T I O N
CYCLIC CHANGES IN GONADAL MATURATION AND HISTOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS OF THREATENED FRESHWATER CATFISH "NARIKELIRU" MYSTUS MONTANUS (JERDON, 1849)

Background. Usage of biosciences in increasing fish production needs to have a proper understanding and knowledge of endocrine physiology of fish reproduction. The most suitable method of determining the reproductive cycle in fishes is to observe seasonal development changes in the gonads. The present paper describes morphological changes in gonads of Mystus montanus. Materials and Methods. The individuals of M. montanus were sampled monthly in captive condition throughout one year to determine the changes occurring in gonadal histology and reproductive status. The stages of gonadal maturation and the seasonal changes in the proportion of oocyte development within the ovaries were noticed and maturity stages were assessed by microscopic and also macroscopic observations. Results. The peak spawning period of Mystus montanus was noticed during November–January in male and October–December in female. The size at first maturity was 10–11 cm (8–12 g) in male and 13–14 cm (14–16 g) in female, respectively. M. montanus spawned only once in a year with the onset of north-east monsoon. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) ranged from 2.8 to 8.5 in males and from 4 to 16 in females and their condition factor (CF) was 4–6 and 6–9, respectively. Conclusion. The sequence of gonadal maturation in M. montanus is morphologically and histologically divided into five stages viz. immature, maturing, mature, matured, and spent or rest.