Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership, Perceptions, and Turnover Intentions: Why Stay?

The purpose of the quantitative correlational study was to highlight the variable relationships between tenure, perceptions, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions for a sample consisting of individuals working for managers who were previously peers. The study incorporated a quantitative correlational structure and the rationale for choosing the structure for the initiative was to aid in the analysis of sample data gathered using Likert-type surveying tools regarding the variables chosen for the initiative. The findings, through conducting statistical analysis, highlighted significant correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intentions and significant correlation between perceptions of managers and job satisfaction, which were both in line with previous research but also highlighted a disconnect from previous research by depicting no significant correlation between tenure and the other variables assessed. Unlike previous findings, tenure depicted insignificant correlation to job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The primary differentiating characteristic of the research was the clear delineation between hiring practices and the sample population that consisted of employees who work for a former peer.
Food insufficiency, family income, and health in US preschool and school-aged children.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated associations between family income, food insufficiency, and health among US preschool and school-aged children. METHODS Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Children were classified as food insufficient if the family respondent reported that the family sometimes or often did not get enough food to eat. Regression analyses were conducted with health measures as the outcome variables. Prevalence rates of health variables were compared by family income category, with control for age and gender. Odds ratios for food insufficiency were calculated with control for family income and other potential confounding factors. RESULTS Low-income children had a higher prevalence of poor/fair health status and iron deficiency than high-income children. After confounding factors, including poverty status, had been controlled, food-insufficient children were significantly more likely to have poorer health status and to experience more frequent stomachaches and headaches than food-sufficient children; preschool food-insufficient children had more frequent colds. CONCLUSIONS Food insufficiency and low family income are health concerns for US preschool and school-aged children.
Immunostimulation of Sugar Cane Extract on Neutrophils to Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of sugar cane extract (SCE) on the biological activities of neutrophils in mice. Six‐week‐old BALB/c mice were fed 1250 mg/kg of SCE once. The generation, migration and biological functions of neutrophils and the survival rates of the mice in response to Salmonella typhimurium infection were evaluated. The results show that the numbers of both bone marrow cells and neutrophils were significantly increased in response to SCE administration (p < 0.05) compared with controls. The migration, phagocytosis and H2O2 generation of neutrophils were all significantly enhanced in SCE‐treated mice (p < 0.05). After challenge with S. typhimurium (lethal dose, 50% (LD50)), SCE‐treated mice had a 19.2% higher survival rate and milder hepatic lesions than the controls. Additionally, fewer invasive bacteria were recovered from the spleens of SCE‐treated mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that SCE has a positive regulatory effect on the biological function of mouse neutrophils that may increase host resistance against bacterial infections. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International peripheral T-cell and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma study: pathology findings and clinical outcomes.

PURPOSE Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) are rare and heterogeneous forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that, in general, are associated with a poor clinical outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cohort of 1,314 cases of PTCL and NKTCL was organized from 22 centers worldwide, consisting of patients with previously untreated PTCL or NKTCL who were diagnosed between 1990 and 2002. Tissue biopsies, immunophenotypic markers, molecular genetic studies, and clinical information from consecutive patients at each site were reviewed by panels of four expert hematopathologists and classified according to the WHO classification. RESULTS A diagnosis of PTCL or NKTCL was confirmed in 1,153 (87.8%) of the cases. The most common subtypes were PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS; 25.9%), angioimmunoblastic type (18.5%), NKTCL (10.4%), and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL; 9.6%). Misclassification occurred in 10.4% of the cases including Hodgkin's lymphoma (3%), B-cell lymphoma (1.4%), unclassifiable lymphoma (2.8%), or a diagnosis other than lymphoma (2.3%). We found marked variation in the frequency of the various subtypes by geographic region. The use of an anthracycline-containing regimen was not associated with an improved outcome in PTCL-NOS or angioimmunoblastic type, but was associated with an improved outcome in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, ALK positive. CONCLUSION The WHO classification is useful for defining subtypes of PTCL and NKTCL. However, expert hematopathology review is important for accurate diagnosis. The clinical outcome for patients with most of these lymphoma subtypes is poor with standard therapies, and novel agents and new modalities are needed to improve survival.
Patterns of exercise and fatigue in physically active cancer survivors.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine the physical activity patterns of cancer survivors who identify themselves as athletes to assess how much exercise athletic patients with cancer engaged in during treatment; to determine how cancer-related fatigue (CRF) affects athletic patients' ability to exercise, and to determine common problems and patterns associated with CRF experienced by athletic patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional, descriptive survey. SETTING International. SAMPLE 219 cancer survivors who responded to a call for subjects in four sports magazines. METHODS Investigator-developed, mailed survey. FINDINGS The majority of respondents were physically active before diagnosis and continued to exercise during their treatments with modifications in their activity level. Respondents exercised an average of nine hours per week. Sixty-nine percent of the respondents experienced problems with CRF during treatment, with 52% describing their CRF as affecting their whole body. Although 26% of the respondents felt most fatigued before exercise, exercise and rest were the most commonly used strategies for managing their symptoms. Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma experienced significantly different CRF than patients with breast or prostate cancer and reported fewer benefits from exercise. CONCLUSIONS The majority of respondents reported decreasing their activity level during treatment, but they believed that regular exercise would make them less likely to have health problems. Respondents used exercise both as an intervention to reduce CRF and as a means to have more energy. Patients with breast cancer reported more benefits from exercise than patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The results provide indirect support for exercise as an intervention for CRF. Further research is needed to identify the optimal type and dose of exercise, clinical variables that influence the response to exercise, and the patients who will respond most favorably to exercise.
Chapter 2 Leukemogenesis in Down syndrome

The incidence of leukemia is higher in Down syndrome children than that in the general population, while the risk of solid tumors is significantly reduced in Down syndrome. Recent studies utilizing mouse models have shown that distinct mecha‐ nisms caused by the elevated dosage of multiple genes is implicated in the protection from tumor progression depending on the type of solid neoplasm. In contrast, increased incidence of mutation in the several specific genes is reported as a cause of the onset of leukemias. Especially, acquired mutations in the GATA1 gene are associated with leukemogenesis of megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) and transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) related to Down syndrome. The mutations are clustered in the region corresponding to the N-terminal domain of GATA1 and result in the production of the short form of GATA1 (GATA1-S), which utilizes Met84 as an alternative translation initiation codon. Efforts producing mouse models of Down TMD and AMKL have been undertaken, as these models seem to provide important insights into the pathogenesis of multistep leukemogenesis. Concomitantly, the function of GATA1 has been examined extensively, and the analyses present a prototype for the study of lineage-restricted transcription factors that play an essential role for the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of erythroid cells, megakar‐ yocytes, mast cells, and eosinophils. In this chapter, we will summarize recent progress in the studies of leukemias that occur in Down syndrome, especially in relation to GATA1 mutations.
Measurement of the motor nerve conduction velocity: precise method of estimating maturity in newborn

Summary. During the period from 1 October 1979 to 31 January 1981, 548 estimations of maturity were made on 523 infants at the Department of Medical Obstetrics of the Neukolln Hospital in Berlin, using the motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the ulnar nerve combined with the Farr system. The mean value of the NCV increases from 13.0 m/s in the 33rd week of gestation to 30.4 m/s in the 44th week. Over the whole range the NCV showed a highly significant correlation (r=0.946, P<0.00001) with the gestational age of the infant, whereas the Farr system deviated strongly in a false positive direction up to the 38th week of gestation. The measurement of the NCV of the ulnar nerve is a simple and very precise postpartum estimation of the gestational age.
A prospective study of genetic factors, human laboratory phenotypes, and heavy drinking in late adolescence

Subjective responses to alcohol are considered candidate endophenotypes for alcohol use disorder and appear to anticipate future consumption. However, prospective studies have been rare, and laboratory research has typically examined subjective responses absent measures of self‐administration. This study examined the association of subjective responses with subsequent laboratory self‐administration, also evaluating laboratory phenotypes in relation to putative genetic risk factors [family history (FH) of alcohol dependence and OPRM1 genotype] and subsequent heavy drinking. Participants (N = 61, M = 19.89 years, SD = 0.86) completed laboratory sessions involving intravenous alcohol challenge (Session 1) and free‐access intravenous self‐administration (Session 2), followed by prospective assessments. Multilevel modeling showed that higher reported stimulation and lower sedation during Session 1 independently predicted greater alcohol self‐administration during Session 2. Although self‐administration did not differ by FH group, participants with the OPRM1 118G allele evidenced steeper breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) trajectories and greater peak BrAC relative to 118A homozygous participants. Prospective analyses supported significant indirect associations between Session 1 subjective responses and 6‐month heavy drinking via peak BrAC in Session 2. Additionally, significant indirect associations of FH (via Session 1 stimulation and Session 2 peak BrAC) and OPRM1 (via peak BrAC) with follow‐up heavy drinking were observed. These results further support the utility of human laboratory phenotypes in prospective studies of alcohol use disorder risk and highlight the potential role of self‐administration phenotypes in longitudinal research.
Comparing the performance of three panels rules of blood smear review criteria on an Italian multicenter evaluation

The aims of this study were to compare the diagnostic accuracy of blood smear review criteria, by means of three different panel rules, those proposed by: the International Consensus Group for Hematology [41‐ICGH rules], the Italian Survey [IS rules] and the Working Group on Hematology‐SIBioC (WGH) consensus rules (WGH rules).
Association between extent of axillary lymph node dissection and patient, tumor, surgeon, and hospital factors in patients with early breast cancer

Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with breast cancer is crucial for accurate staging, provides excellent regional tumor control, and is included in the standard of care for the surgical treatment of breast cancer. However, the extent of ALND varies, and the extent of dissection and the number of lymph nodes that comprise an optimal axillary dissection are under debate. Despite conflicting evidence, several studies have shown that improved survival is correlated with more lymph nodes removed in both node‐negative and node‐positive patients. The purpose of this study is to determine which patient, tumor, surgeon, and hospital characteristics are associated with the number of nodes excised in early breast cancer patients.
Relevance of Neuroimaging in the Evaluation of Cerebral Ischemia

The rapid development of neuroimaging techniques has provided us with a wide range of tools for the assessment of patients who may have experienced cerebrovascular events. Each of these technologies provides specific and potentially informative insights. For clinical practice, however, we always have to tailor our diagnostic approach according to a maximum benefit/minimal burden and cost ratio. We, therefore, propose a diagnostic algorithm which is tailored according to stroke phase and availability of distinct therapeutic strategies. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, patients can be segregated into those who are potentially amenable to systemic thrombolysis within 3 h and into possible candidates for (i.v. or i.a.) thrombolysis outside approved criteria both within and beyond this time window. For patients in the postacute phase of acute ischemic stroke, neuroimaging should contribute a maximum of information to the clarification of stroke etiology to allow for specific secondary prevention. Patients with transient ischemic attacks appear to represent yet another distinct group of patients who can benefit greatly from a rapid and comprehensive neuroimaging evaluation, as this allows identification of individuals at a specifically high risk for a subsequent stroke. Using these categories, the relevance of respective neuroimaging tools can be substantiated by a large body of evidence.
Muscle-dependent and hormone-dependent differentiation of the vocal control premotor nucleus robustus archistriatalis and the motornucleus hypoglossus pars tracheosyringealis of the zebra finch.

Sex differences in the vertebrate brain (brain sex) are thought to develop owing to the tissue specific action of gonadal hormones similar to the development of secondary sex characteristics of the body. Small sex differences in body anatomy could, however, retrogradely control the sexual differentiation of the central nervous system. This possibility has so far been verified only for motorneuron pools, since the connectivity of sex-specific higher brain areas to the sexual dimorphic periphery is frequently not well known. Here, we tested whether somatic sex differences feed back on higher brain areas by bilateral denervation of the syringeal musculature of zebra finches before, during, and after onset of estrogen-sensitive sexual differentiation of forebrain vocal nuclei such as RA (nucleus robustus archistriatalis). In the zebra finch, the sound-producing musculature (the syrinx), the syrinx motornucleus hypoglossus pars tracheosyringealis (nXIIts), and the RA are much larger in males compared to females. Tract tracing studies revealed that the volume and neuron size distribution of the nXIIts was sexually dimorphic in intact but not in animals denervated as juveniles. In contrast, the volume of RA and size of RA neurons of denervated animals were highly sexually dimorphic. Furthermore, estrogen masculinized the RA of denervated females. Thus, sexual differentiation of the RA but not of the nXIIts appears independent of somatic sex differences. The syrinx muscles are, however, important for the soma size of those RA neurons that project to the nXIIts.
Couple disagreement: effects on the formation and implementation of fertility decisions.

This study examines the relationship between the formation and the implementation of fertility decisions and the impact of couple disagreement on fertility outcomes in the US. Interviews were conducted among 201 couples without children and 200 couples with 1 child drawn from a large suburban county in California during 1988-89. Interviews were collected at 4 different points in time over a 3.5-year period. Those surveyed had a high socioeconomic status. The discussion of theoretical models focuses on individual psychology, the trait-desires-intentions sequence, the intention-behavior-outcome sequence, dyadic psychology, agreement and disagreement models, and joint behavior models. The analysis produced cross tabulations of respondent desires by spouse desires for each of the 3 types of desires and corresponding intentions. Respondent intentions were regressed on respondent desires. Descriptive findings identify patterns of responsiveness to spouse across time, parity, and gender according to whether there was positive or negative agreement. It is argued that the distinction between positive and negative agreement is valid, and that patterns represent psychological states that change with the flow of events during the life course. Respondents were increasingly over time less willing to be pulled up in their intentions by their spouse's desires and more willing to be pulled down. Males tended to be more responsive to their wives. Respondents were less willing to be influenced by their spouses' desires into an earlier child-timing decision. Parity-zero women were not willing to be pulled into an earlier child-timing decision by their husbands. Husbands became less responsive at parity 1 and 2 to wives who wanted the next child later. Respondents with no children could be influenced only to have the child sooner. Findings are exploratory.
Mechanisms of Action of Demineralized Bone Matrix in the Repair of Cortical Bone Defects

Demineralized bone matrix commonly is used to enhance and to facilitate bone grafting after skeletal injury or disease; however, the biologic bases for its bone-inducing abilities remain obscure. We have taken advantage of a mouse model of cortical bone defect healing to elucidate its mechanisms of action in vivo. Demineralized bone matrix combined with hyaluronan improved skeletal healing by inducing early deposition of an osteoid matrix. Demineralized bone matrix combined with hyaluronan might accelerate bone formation because it serves as a scaffold on which osteoprogenitor cells attach. We tested this possibility by comparing demineralized bone matrix combined with hyaluronan with heat-inactivated demineralized bone matrix combined with hyaluronan and found that the intact material was superior in terms of its ability to stimulate new bone formation. We also compared the bone inducing capacity of demineralized bone matrix combined with hyaluronan with a synthetic collagen sponge and found that not only the synthetic collagen scaffold delayed bone healing but also impaired bony bridging at later stages of repair. Another important property of demineralized bone matrix combined with hyaluronan was its ability to become actively degraded by osteoclasts during healing. Therefore, demineralized bone matrix combined with hyaluronan may not only attract osteoblasts and stimulate their differentiation, but also induce bone matrix resorption, which is a critically important regulator of bone formation and mineralization.
The Relations between Time, Confidence and Accuracy: Using a Judgment Questionnaire

This study aims to explore the interaction between confidence of judgment, accuracy and time. 86 university students participated in the study. 43 participants were assigned to the fast condition. They were required to answer a question within six seconds and another six seconds were provided to rate their level of confidence for their response. The remaining participants were assigned to the slow condition and repeated the same procedures with nine seconds. Present study revealed that the participants’ confidence rate was not equal to the actual probability of being correct. Furthermore, there was no relationship between accuracy and time for deliberation. The results failed to support the hypothesis that when more time is provided, both participants’ responses accuracy and confidence rate will increase. Finally, the prediction that accuracy should increase with higher ratings of confidence was supported. It was concluded that time has very little effect on calibration of judgment processes.
Comparative Effectiveness of Open-Door Laminoplasty Versus French-Door Laminoplasty in Cervical Compressive Myelopathy

Study Design. Prospective randomized study. Objective. This study aimed to prospectively compare the surgical results of the open- and French-door laminoplasty. Summary of Background Data. Cervical laminoplasty is a common surgical procedure for the treatment of cervical compressive myelopathy. These procedures are primarily classified as either open- or French-door laminoplasties. Only few prospective studies comparing the surgical results of the 2 procedures are available. Methods. A total of 92 patients with cervical compressive myelopathy who underwent cervical laminoplasty were prospectively enrolled and randomized into the following 2 groups according to the type of laminoplasty: open-door and French-door groups. A single attending spine surgeon performed all surgical procedures. The following factors were evaluated: surgical duration, blood loss, perioperative complications, neurological assessment using the Japanese Orthopedic Association score, and recovery rate. Radiological evaluations included assessment of the cervical lordotic angle and cervical range of motion. In addition, the ratio of postoperative spinal lamina opening was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Results. There were no differences in perioperative complications and neurological outcomes between the 2 groups. The mean reduction in cervical lordotic angle after surgery was significantly greater in the open-door group than the French-door group (3.0° vs. 5.6°). Postoperative cervical range of motion significantly decreased in the open-door group than in the French-door group (19.3° vs. 26.0°). Postoperative cervical lordotic angle in the extension position significantly diminished in the open-door group than in the French-door group (7.9° vs. 14.1°). The ratio of opening of the spinal lamina after surgery was significantly larger in the open-door group than in the French-door group. Conclusion. The 2 laminoplasty methods showed almost the same neurological recovery as well as perioperative complications. In cases of open-door laminoplasty, postoperative cervical alignment became more kyphotic and cervical range of motion was more restricted than that in French-door laminoplasty cases after surgery. French-door laminoplasty is preferable to open-door laminoplasty for postoperative cervical alignments. Level of Evidence: 1