Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of glucocorticoids and limiting nursing on the carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets.

The influence of glucocorticoid administration and limited nursing on piglet carbohydrase enzyme development and subsequent growth was examined in three experiments using 371 piglets. Treatments in the first two experiments were formed by the factorial arrangement of hydrocortisone (-HYD or +HYD) and limited nursing (-LN or +LN) imposed form d 14 to weaning (d 28). Hydrocortisone was replaced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the third experiment. Growth rates were severely depressed by HYD (P less than .01), LN (P less than .001) and to a lesser extent (P less than .06) by ACTH during the last 2 wk of lactation. During the first 14 d postweaning, piglets continued to grow more slowly following HYD treatment (P less than .01), whereas LN piglets grew more rapidly than those allowed to suckle normally. Although piglets were smaller at weaning after HYD injection (P less than .01), relative weights of liver, pancreas and small intestine were increased (P less than .05). Only adrenal weights were increased by ACTH (P less than .09). Pancreatic and intestinal amylase activities were increased two- to three-fold by HYD injection (P less than .05) but were unaffected by ACTH or LN (P greater than .10). Sucrase and maltase activity increased linearly with age (P less than .001). This rate of increase was numerically enhanced by glucocorticoid treatment and LN. The normal decrease in lactase activity was accelerated by LN and HYD injection, with the greatest depression caused by the combination of LN and either HYD or ACTH administration (P less than .05). Glucocorticoid administration to nursing piglets can evoke premature elevation of the carbohydrase enzymes necessary for initiating the hydrolysis of starch.
Radiofrequency Versus Electrocautery for Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy

Aim The aims of this study were to compare radiofrequency tissue reduction (RFTR) and electrocautery (EC) techniques by assessing preoperatively and 8 weeks postoperatively the visual analog scale (VAS), inspiratory peak flowmetry (IPF), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volume measurement of the inferior turbinate and to see whether EC still stands as a valid treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Methods A total of 36 patients were included in the study. An equal number of patients were chosen randomly from 2 groups. Inferior turbinate volumes measured by MRI, IPF, the VAS, and the Sinonasal Outcome Test–20 were used to determine the efficacy of treatment and to compare the 2 groups. Results Postoperative IPF increase, VAS score decrease, and Sinonasal Outcome Test–20 score decrease were statistically more significant in the EC group, compared with the RFTR group. Although statistically not significant, postoperative inferior turbinate MRI volume decrease was more evident in the EC group when compared with the RFTR group. Conclusions Both RFTR and EC techniques could be used as an effective treatment of choice for inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and EC technique is superior to RFTR technique to achieve high efficiency.
Volunteer Engagement and Retention

The declining number of U.S. volunteers is troubling, necessitating improved understanding of drivers of volunteer retention such as volunteer engagement. We utilized the job demands-resources model to investigate the moderating role of community service self-efficacy (CSSE) on the relationships between two demands (organizational constraints and role ambiguity) and volunteer engagement. Volunteers (N = 235) from three U.S. nonprofit organizations participated in a survey as part of a volunteer program assessment. Volunteers who encountered greater organizational constraints and role ambiguity were less engaged. In addition, CSSE attenuated the negative relationship between organizational constraints and engagement, but not the negative association between role ambiguity and engagement. When faced with organizational constraints, volunteers with higher CSSE reported greater engagement than those with lower CSSE. Organizations should therefore assess and support volunteers’ CSSE to bolster their engagement when faced with demands. Further recommendations for increasing volunteer engagement are discussed.
Testing the Value of Route Directions Through Navigational Performance

Route directions to reach a target point on a campus were collected from undergraduates. A "good" description and a "poor" one were selected, based on ratings provided by judges in terms of their value for navigational assistance. People unfamiliar with the campus were then required to navigate to the target after studying one of these descriptions. In addition, a "skeletal" description, which contained the essentials needed for navigating, was constructed and used in the experiment. During navigation, we measured the frequencies of stops and of directional errors (whether these errors were self-corrected or corrected by the experimenter). Overall, the good and the skeletal descriptions resulted in better performance than the poor one. Their value as navigational aids was confirmed by measuring the navigation times. Analyzing the structure and content of the descriptions confirmed that the effectiveness of route directions depends on their ability to connect actions to landmarks, that is, to closely link the prescriptive and the descriptive parts of this specific type of spatial discourse.
Nephrin: a pivotal molecule in proteinuria influenced by angiotensin II.

Increased activity of the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has been demonstrated in experimental as well as clinical diabetes [1,2], and may play a pathophysiological role in the elevation of glomerular filtration pressure and structural glomerulopathy associated with diabetes [3]. Blockers of the renin–angiontensin system reduce albuminuria to a greater extent than other antihypertensive agents and attenuate glomerular ultrastructural changes in experimental diabetes [4,5]. Large multicentre trials have shown a superior renoprotective effect of inhibitors of the RAS compared to other antihypertensive agents in patients with type 1 as well as type 2 diabetes [6–8].
Differential Survival of Cytotoxic T Cells and Memory Cell Precursors1

It is widely assumed that the development of memory CD8 T cells requires the escape of CTLs from programmed cell death. We show in this study that although serine protease inhibitor 6 (Spi6) is required to protect clonal bursts of CTLs from granzyme B-induced programmed cell death, it is not required for the development of memory cells. This conclusion is reached because memory cell precursors down-regulate both Spi6 and granzyme B, unlike CTLs, and they do not require Spi6 for survival. These findings suggest that memory CD8 T cells are derived from progenitors that are refractory to self-inflicted damage, rather than derived from fully differentiated CTLs.
Tibia vara: results of hemiepiphyseodesis

Tibia vara is a condition characterized by progressive deformity of the proximal tibia resulting in varus malalignment of the lower extremity. An alternative treatment strategy involving lateral hemiepiphyseodesis of the proximal tibia in the skeletally immature has been utilized at our institution for the last 10 years. The study group consisted of 23 patients (16 male, seven female) with 33 involved extremities. The median age at surgery was 11.8 years (range, 7.0–17.3). The median follow-up was 3.1 years (range, 0.8–6.2). Of the patients, 82.6% had a weight greater than the 95th percentile. The preoperative mechanical axis had a median value of 18.0° (range, 5.0–31.0) and at the most recent follow up, a median value of 7.0° (range, −12.0 to 46.0). In 18 (54.5%) extremities, the mechanical axis improved by more than 5°. There was no progression of the overall deformity in 11 (33.3%) extremities. Four (12.1%) extremities had worsening of the deformity. At the time of latest follow up, nine (27.2%) extremities had required corrective osteotomy. Twenty-four (72.7%) were skeletally mature and had not required any further treatment. Goals of hemiepiphyseodesis in adolescent tibia vara or late sequelae of infantile tibia vara include (1) correction of deformity to avoid need for osteotomy, and (2) prevention of progression of the deformity to facilitate subsequent surgery. In this series of patients, 87.8% had either improvement or stabilization of the degree of their deformity.
The prevalence of denture wearing and the impact on the oral health related quality of life among elderly in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Abstract This study aims to determine the prevalence of denture wearing among elderly and to compare the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) between elderly with dentures and those without dentures. This cross sectional study involved 506 randomly selected edentulous elderly in the district of Badang, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Consented participants were interviewed in the Kelantanese dialect at their homes by a single trained interviewer using the short version Oral Health Impact Profile [S-OHIP(M)] which had been translated into the Malay language, tested and validated for use in Malaysian population. Denture wearing and self rated denture status was noted. The prevalence of denture wearing was 46.2% (95% CI=41.83, 50.70). There was a significant difference in sex, smoking status, self perceived treatment need and self perceived satisfaction between denture wearers and non denture wearers. Denture wearers reported better overall OHRQoL compared to non denture wearers (p<0.001). They reported better OHRQoL in 3 items namely ‘difficulty in chewing’ ‘uncomfortable to eat’ and ‘avoiding food’ compared to non denture wearers. Thus appropriate measures are required to improve knowledge among the elderly regarding the use of dentures and the importance of proper denture care.
Sanguinarine-Mediated Sensitization of Cervical Cancer SiHa Cells to TRAIL

Introduction: Cervical cancer is primarily caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), which transforms normal cervical cells into cancerous cells that are highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Induction of apoptosis in transformed cells is a key strategy in successfully treating HPV-induced cervical cancer. TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand) has been shown to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells by binding to death receptors and activating extrinsic pathways for apoptosis. However, certain cervical cancers—such as the cultured cell line SiHa—are remarkably resistant to TRAIL. In this study, SiHa cells were sensitized to TRAIL by using sanguinarine—derived from the plant Sanguinaria Canadensis—which is known to induce oxidative stress and lead to the upregulation of receptors for TRAIL. Methods: Cultured SiHa cells were exposed to sub-lethal doses of sanguinarine in combination with TRAIL. Cell viability changes as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. The induction of apoptosis was investigated by assays for caspase activation. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze expression of death receptors 4/5. Results: Treatment of SiHa cells with a combination of sanguinarine and TRAIL led to a significant reduction in cell viability. Significant increase in ROS was observed and caspase activation assays confirmed the induction of apoptosis. Conclusions: The observed synergistic effect of sanguinarine and TRAIL on SiHa cells is promising for the treatment of cervical, and possibly other, HPV-induced cancers. Oxidative stress caused by sanguinarine seems to play a central role in this synergy. The precise link between reactive oxygen species and the possible upregulation of death receptors needs further investigation. This knowledge will enable us to devise more effective treatments for those who suffer from this devastating disease.
Increased Sensitivity to Thermal Pain and Reduced Subcutaneous Lidocaine Efficacy in Redheads

Background:Anesthetic requirement in redheads is exaggerated, suggesting that redheads may be especially sensitive to pain. Therefore, the authors tested the hypotheses that women with natural red hair are more sensitive to pain and that redheads are resistant to topical and subcutaneous lidocaine. Methods:The authors evaluated pain sensitivity in red-haired (n = 30) or dark-haired (n = 30) women by determining the electrical current perception threshold, pain perception, and maximum pain tolerance with a Neurometer CPT/C (Neurotron, Inc., Baltimore, MD). They evaluated the analogous warm and cold temperature thresholds with the TSA-II Neurosensory Analyzer (Medoc Ltd., Minneapolis, MN). Volunteers were tested with both devices at baseline and with the Neurometer after 1-h exposure to 4% liposomal lidocaine and after subcutaneous injection of 1% lidocaine. Data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges). Results:Current perception, pain perception, and pain tolerance thresholds were similar in the red-haired and dark-haired women at 2,000, 250, and 5 Hz. In contrast, redheads were more sensitive to cold pain perception (22.6 [15.1–26.1] vs. 12.6 [0–20]°C; P = 0.004), cold pain tolerance (6.0 [0–9.7] vs. 0.0 [0.0–2.0]°C; P = 0.001), and heat pain (46.3 [45.7–47.5] vs. 47.7 [46.6–48.7]°C; P = 0.009). Subcutaneous lidocaine was significantly less effective in redheads (e.g., pain tolerance threshold at 2,000-Hz stimulation in redheads was 11.0 [8.5–16.5] vs. > 20.0 (14.5 to > 20) mA in others; P = 0.005). Conclusion:Red hair is the phenotype for mutations of the melanocortin-1 receptor. Results indicate that redheads are more sensitive to thermal pain and are resistant to the analgesic effects of subcutaneous lidocaine. Mutations of the melanocortin-1 receptor, or a consequence thereof, thus modulate pain sensitivity.
Wodurch unterscheidet sich Fachlexikographie von Terminographie?

Im Vorwort zu HSK 5.1 stellen die Herausgeber lapidar fest, daß die Fachlexikographie im Handbuch unterrepräsentiert sei. Dieser Mangel wird dadurch begründet, daß die Erforschung der Fachwörterbücher gerade erst begonnen habe. Es sei jedoch beabsichtigt, die Fachlexikographie in HSK 13 auf breiter Basis darzustellen. Das Prospekt von diesem weiteren Handbuch führt insgesamt 282 Beiträge an, die in 28 Kapiteln geordnet sind. Davon tragen drei Kapitel die Überschriften Fachlexikographie und ordnen dadurch die darunter verzeichneten 37 Beiträge der Fachlexikographie im engeren Sinne zu. Dies gilt auch für die Beiträge unter dem Kapitel „Fachlexikographie III", das durch den Zusatz „die Terminographie im 20. Jahrhundert" präzisiert wird. Es entspricht dem Normalfall bei der Einund Ausgrenzung einer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin, daß nicht alle Fachleute genau dieselbe Facheinteilung und Themenzuordnung vornehmen würden. Z.B. würde ich einige, aber nicht alle Beiträge des direkt vorangehenden Kapitels „Fachsprachen in ausgewählten allgemeinen Enzyklopädien, Fachenzyklopädien und großen Wörterbüchern" ebenfalls der Fachlexikographie zuordnen. Um solche Zweifelsfälle innerhalb einer sonst relativ festen Facheingrenzung geht es im folgenden nicht. Es geht darum, welche grundsätzliche Trennung zwischen Terminologie, Terminographie und Fachlexikographie vorgenommen werden soll. Die Herausgeber von HSK 13 nehmen eine Zuordnung der Terminographie zur Fachlexikographie vor bzw. sehen die Terminographie als ein Teil der Fachlexikographie. Einige Forscher aus der Disziplin Terminologie (wie sie von WÜSTER geprägt worden ist) hätten vielleicht das Kapitel „Fachlexikographie statt dessen lieber „Terminologie II" und das darauffolgende Kapitel „Terminologiearbeit und Terminologieregelung" „Terminologie I" genannt. Vielleicht hätten sie es vorgezogen, alle Kapitelüberschriften mit „Fachlexikographie" durch Terminologie oder Terminographie zu ersetzen.
FPGA-based CRAIMOT basis function generator

This paper deals with the aspects of practical generation of basis function(s) (BF(s)) and the basic notions for orthonormal parametrical transform called as "constant rotation angle in matrix orthonormal transform" (CRAIMOT). The presented CRAIMOT BF generator is implemented as Altera's Cyclone II FPGA. A simplified block diagram and parameters of the generator are provided. The generator has a parallel structure and 5 times shorter sample time in opposite to the previous implementation. The sine/cosine former of BF generator has 3 different versions - CORDIC based, the linear interpolation based, and RAM table based. The comparison of the mentioned versions is provided.
A qualitative study of the experiences during radiotherapy of Swedish patients suffering from lung cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe experiences during radiotherapy of patients suffering from lung cancer. DESIGN Inductive, qualitative. SETTING A radiotherapy department in the south of Sweden. SAMPLE 15 patients with lung cancer undergoing their second week of radiotherapy. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH Interviews were conducted in a hospital setting, transcribed, and content analyzed. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Experiences during radiotherapy. FINDINGS The patients' experiences fall into four categories: fatigue, physical distress, managing disease- and treatment-related issues, and obstacles to managing. Fatigue was a major experience expressed in terms of low energy levels and low fitness, sometimes leading to social isolation. CONCLUSIONS Nurses need to implement interventions to minimize side effects of radiotherapy and maximize patients' abilities to manage the disease and the treatment. INTERPRETATION Informing and educating patients about pretreatment and assessing fatigue as well as implementing interventions (e.g., nurse-patient interaction, support, information, encouragement, focus on the patients' own resources) may lead to improved comprehensive care during radiation therapy.
Flexible Wage Contracts, Temporary Jobs, and Firm Performance: Evidence from Italian Firms

This paper focuses on the effects of decentralized wage schemes and temporary forms of employment on worker/firm performance. The effect of monetary incentives on worker effort and firm performance is a central topic in economics. According to the principal-agent paradigm, firms (the principal) have to link employees’ remuneration scheme to any verifiable indicator of performance in order to avoid opportunistic behaviours. The effectiveness of incentives on workers’ behaviour may vary significantly accordingly to the institutional/economic context in which the firms operate but in general the empirical evidence shows that financial incentives have the potential to exert strong effects on indicators of firm performance, such as productivity and worker absenteeism. Both from a theoretical and empirical point of view, the prediction on the effects of temporary forms of employment on effort and productivity is less neat. In light of these considerations, the aim of this paper is to provide further empirical evidence on whether and to what extent the performance related pay and the contract flexibility affect workers effort and in turn firm productivity for different type of workers (white collar vs. blue collar), working in workplaces characterized by different degree of uncertainty and risk and in firms operating in different economic and institutional settings using a sample of Italian firms. According to our results, wage flexibility appears to have a significant effect on effort and then on firm’s productivity and white collars are more responsive to monetary incentives than blue collars. Moreover, the presence of a large share of temporary contracts implies a lower dismissal probability for permanent workers and a deterioration in the working environment and then it reduces workers’ motivation and effort.
Characterization of beta-adrenergic receptors of human skeletal muscle obtained by needle biopsy.

Human skeletal muscle beta-adrenergic receptors were characterized by 125I-iodopindolol radioligand-binding studies of homogenates prepared from small muscle samples obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy from the gastrocnemius of six normal subjects. Binding was saturable, reversible, and stereospecific, with typical kinetics and a rank-order potency characteristic of a beta-adrenergic receptor. In saturation-binding studies, the receptor density was 9.7 +/- 1.9 fmol/mg protein, with a dissociation constant of 24 +/- 2.2 pM. Competition studies with selective antagonists revealed a population of receptors exclusively of the beta 2-subtype. Basal and isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were 79 +/- 22 and 150 +/- 60 pmol adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate.min-1.mg protein-1, respectively. These results support pharmacological observations of beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated cellular responses in mammalian skeletal muscle. By use of these methods, small quantities of skeletal muscle obtained in this manner can be used to study in vivo beta-adrenergic receptor regulatory phenomena in humans.
Localization of Carbonic Anhydrase IV in Rat and Human Heart Muscle

We investigated carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV) in rat and human heart with immunohistochemical methods by both light and electron microscopy. In cryosections that were incubated with anti-CA IV/FITC, the capillaries showed a strong reaction for CA IV. In paraffin and semithin sections treated with anti-CA IV/ABC (avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex) blood vessels, capillaries, and sarcolemma (SL) were positively stained. By staining ultrathin sections with anti-CA IV/immunogold, CA IV could also be demonstrated at the latter two locations, including the specialized sarcolemmal structures intercalated discs, and T-tubules. In addition, by this method CA IV was seen to be associated with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The absence of immunostaining in SR and/or SL with some techniques probably indicates a problem of accessibility of the antigenic sites. In line with the immunohistochemical results, CA IV mRNA expression was visualized in both endothelial and muscle cells by in situ hybridization histochemistry.
Effect of Mevlana Community and Science Center applications on learners’ science attitudes and contributions for learning process

Ogrencilerde bilime yonelik olumlu tutum ve davranislar gelistirebilmede ve ogrencilerin bilimle ilgilenmelerini saglayabilmede bilim merkezleri son yillarda one cikan ogrenme ortamlarindandir. Bu cercevede kurulan Izmir ili, Bornova Belediyesi Mevlana Toplum ve Bilim Merkezi de farkli yas gruplarindan ogrenenlere hizmet vermeyi hedefleyerek 2010 yilinda faaliyete baslamistir. Bu arastirmanin temel amaci bu kurumun program gelistirme sureciyle ogrenme ortamini tasarlayarak ortamin ogrenenler uzerindeki bazi etkilerini incelemektir. Eylem arastirmasi yonteminin uygulandigi bu arastirmada, nicel ve nitel veriler birlikte ele alinmistir. Ogrencilerin bu merkeze geldiklerinde genel olarak heyecanla ve ilgiyle derse katildiklari ve deney yapmaktan, arastirarak yeni seyler ogrenmekten zevk aldiklari elde edilen bulgulardandir. Bununla birlikte uygulanan program, ogrencilerin bilime yonelik tutum puan ortalamalarini arttirmistir. Gerceklestirilen etkinliklerde ogrenciler kendilerini rahat, mutlu ve huzurlu hissettiklerini ifade etmislerdir. Ogrencilerin hem bilissel hem de ustbilissel sureclerde kazanimlar elde ettikleri ortaya konulmustur.