Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Question of Knowledge in Evidence-Based Design for Healthcare Facilities: Limitations and Suggestions

OBJECTIVE: To help designers and researchers and other proponents of evidence-based design (EBD) overcome limitations concerning knowledge categorization and acquisition of evidence-based design (EBD). BACKGROUND: The evidence-based design (EBD) approach for healthcare facilities has been widely embraced by both designers and researchers in recent years; however, there are some limitations concerning knowledge categorization and acquisition of EBD. These limitations include an overemphasis on empirical knowledge gained by experimental research, a narrow focus that excludes design knowledge generated outside healthcare and allied fields, and a lack of interest in empirical knowledge gained by qualitative studies. In order to overcome these limitations, the proponents of EBD must acknowledge that design knowledge relevant to healthcare design can be found in disciplines unrelated to healthcare; that design knowledge does not always need empirical validation; and that design knowledge of the semantic kind can be more easily accessed and understood through qualitative studies. CONCLUSIONS: To reassess the foundations of knowledge of EBD with moderated skepticism is necessary because there are philosophical and analytical problems yet to be overcome in delivering on the promises of EBD. To question and reassess the foundations of knowledge base of EBD is not necessarily to deny its value, but rather to stimulate a judicious and balanced appraisal of its limitations so that, in future, we are able to take necessary steps to overcome these limitations.
Stereotyped axonal arbors of retinal ganglion cell subsets in the mouse superior colliculus

Mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have been classified into around 20 subtypes based on the shape, size, and laminar position of their dendritic arbors. In most cases tested, RGC subtypes classified in this manner also have distinct functional signatures. Here we asked whether RGC subtypes defined by dendritic morphology have stereotyped axonal arbors in their main central target, the superior colliculus (SC). We used transgenic and viral methods to sparsely label RGCs and characterized both dendritic and axonal arbors of individual RGCs. Axon arbors varied in size, shape, and laminar position. For each of 12 subtypes defined dendritically, however, axonal arbors in the contralateral SC showed considerable stereotypy. We found no systematic relationship between the laminar position of an RGC's dendrites within the inner plexiform layer and that of its axon within the retinorecipient zone of the SC, suggesting that distinct developmental mechanisms specify dendritic and axonal laminar positions. We did, however, note a significant correlation between the dendritic field sizes of RGCs and the laminar position of their axon arbors: RGCs with larger dendritic areas, and hence larger receptive fields, projected to deeper strata within the SC. Finally, combining these new results with previous physiological analyses, we find that RGC subtypes that share similar functional properties, such as directional selectivity, project to similar depths within the SC. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1691–1711, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal Changes and Seasonal Variation in Body Composition in Professional Australian Football Players.

PURPOSE To compare development and variations in body composition of early-, mid-, and late-career professional Australian Football (AF) players over 3 successive seasons. METHODS Regional and total-body composition (body mass [BM], fat mass [FM], fat-free soft-tissue mass [FFSTM], and bone mineral content [BMC]) were assessed 4 times, at the same time of each season-start preseason (SP), end preseason (EP), midseason (MS), and end season (ES)-from 22 professional AF players using pencil-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Nutritional intake for each player was evaluated concomitantly using 3-d food diaries. Players were classified according to their age at the beginning of the observational period as either early- (<21 y, n = 8), mid- (21 to 25 y, n = 9), or late- (>25 y, n = 5) career athletes. RESULTS Early-career players had lower FFSTM, BMC, and BM than mid- and late-career throughout. FM and %FM had greatest variability, particularly in the early-career players. FM reduced and FFSTM increased from SP to EP, while FM and FFSTM decreased from EP to MS. FM increased and FFSTM decreased from MS to ES, while FM and FFSTM increased during the off-season. CONCLUSIONS Early-career players may benefit from greater emphasis on specific nutrition and resistance-training strategies aimed at increasing FFSTM, while all players should balance training and diet toward the end of season to minimize increases in FM.
Effect of Phosphorus Sorption Indices on Pertilizer Recommendations and Its Relation with Soybean ( Glycine Max ( L ) Merr . ) Yield in Some Tropical Ultisols in Benue State . Nigeria

Four Ultisols in Benue State were used to examine the influence of sorption indices on P fertilizer recommendations and their relationship with properties and yield of soybean. Soil inorganic P was fractionated using standard procedures. Sorption characteristics were determined in 0.01 M CaCal2 solution of various P concentrations. For each soil, the amounts of P that gave 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.100, 0.125, 0.150, 0.175, 0.200, 0.225, 0.250 mg kg -1 solution concentration and the buffering capacity were estimated from adsorption curves. In the greenhouse, 4 kg of soil from each location was placed in plastic pots. Amount of P estimated from sorption study was added as KH2PO4. The treatments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and soybean seed variety (TGx 1448 – 2E) was panted and growth and development observed to maturity. At harvest, the shoot was dried, weighed, milled and digested in a 4:1 NHO3:NClO4 mixture and analyzed for P. Optimum solution P concentration (SPC) was determined for each soil in relation to yield. A field trial was conducted at Vanam. Phosphate fertilizer quantity that resulted in 0.0, 0.5 SPC, 1.0 SPC, and 2.0 SPC (as estimated from pot experiment) was added per plot and replicated thrice in RCBD. Soybean seeds were planted by drilling. At harvest, SPC that gave highest grain was yield was evaluated and the quantity of P required (SPR) to achieve this concentration, calculated. The average P adsorption capacities (K) of the soil was 20.24 and related significantly to P in biomass (r=0.661). High grain yield (t ha -1 ) was obtained at 0.025 mg P kg -1 SPC in Vanam (23.1), Abaji – Kpav (17.3), while 15.3 t ha -1 was obtained in Ogyoma at 0.05 mg P kg 1 SPC. The estimated SPC values also gave high grain yield (t ha -1 ) in the field trial at Vanam (4.4). The soil pH related significantly with SPC (r=-0.99) and SPR (r=-0.953) Buffering capacities of soils was highest (181.70 mg kg -1 ) at Vanum and related significantly with seed weight (r=0.605) and P in biomass (r=-0.667). Consequently, Ofugo would require the highest fertilization (67.64 kg P ha -1 ), Abaji-Kpav (22.97 KgPha -1 ), while Vanam (2.25 Kg P ha -1 ) would require the least.
Relational models and work-family confl ict : a study with samples from Brazil and the United States of America

Attachment theory seeks to understand how emotional bonds can aff ect diff erent aspects of people’s lives across the continuum of life. This study aimed at comprehending how patterns of anxious and avoidant attachment explain two dimensions of the work-family confl ict construct, work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW). To achieve this, data were collected through a survey with samples from Brazil and the United States of America. The sample included 676 people older than 18 years old 369 participants were from Brazil and 307 were from the USA. Results demonstrated that the anxious pattern of attachment relates to and predicts both dimensions of the work-family confl ict. On the other hand, avoidant attachment was an explanatory variable only for participants from the United States. These results accentuate scientifi c investigation of attachments constructs’ importance and its interactions within work and family demands.
Excessive daytime sleepiness in de novo and treated Parkinson's disease

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is due to either treatment‐related factors or the disease itself. The study of this disturbing phenomenon in de novo parkinsonian patients may contribute to a better understanding of its pathophysiology. We conducted a case control study in which we compared 25 PD patients who had never been treated before with dopaminergic drugs (de novo PD), 50 PD patients being treated with dopaminergic drugs (treated PD), and 25 healthy control subjects, all of whom were matched for age and gender. EDS was measured by means of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and quality of sleep by means of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). ESS and PSQI scores were not statistically different between de novo PD patients and controls, whereas they were significantly higher in treated PD. Differences in ESS score variability were best explained by the treatment effect, whereas there was no clear correlation between PSQI and any of the clinical variables considered. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Genes for chemokines MuMig and Crg-2 are induced in protozoan and viral infections in response to IFN-gamma with patterns of tissue expression that suggest nonredundant roles in vivo.

MuMig and Crg-2 are IFN-inducible murine chemokines whose human homologues, HuMig and IP-10, respectively, share activity in vitro as T cell chemoattractants. We analyzed the expression of the genes Mumig, crg-2, and IFN-gamma during experimental infections with Plasmodium yoelii, Toxoplasma gondii, and vaccinia virus. Mumig, crg-2, and IFN-gamma were induced in multiple organs. During the acute phase of each infection as well as after i.p. injection of rIFN-gamma, levels of Mumig mRNA in the liver were as high or higher than levels in any of the other organs. In contrast, the organs showing the highest expression of crg-2 and IFN-gamma varied among the experimental models, with induction of these latter two genes colocalizing. Differences in relative levels of expression of Mumig and crg-2 in liver and spleen were not demonstrably due to expression of the genes in different cell types within these organs. We showed that both Mumig and crg-2 are induced in the liver in hepatocytes and in the spleen in CD11b+ cells. IFN-gamma was necessary for induction of Mumig during infections with T. gondii or vaccinia virus. In contrast, induction of crg-2 was not completely dependent on IFN-gamma. These data demonstrate that despite the overlap in activities within chemokine subsets, chemokine genes show differences in their patterns of expression and in their responses to inducers that suggest nonredundant roles in vivo. Moreover, the pattern of induction of crg-2 is consistent with Crg-2 acting primarily locally, while the pattern for Mumig induction suggests that MuMig may have a systemic role during infection.
Reaction of sleepiness indicators to partial sleep deprivation, time of day and time on task in a driving simulator – the DROWSI project

Studies of driving and sleepiness indicators have mainly focused on prior sleep reduction. The present study sought to identify sleepiness indicators responsive to several potential regulators of sleepiness: sleep loss, time of day (TOD) and time on task (TOT) during simulator driving. Thirteen subjects drove a high‐fidelity moving base simulator in six 1‐h sessions across a 24‐h period, after normal sleep duration (8 h) and after partial sleep deprivation (PSD; 4 h). The results showed clear main effects of TOD (night) and TOT but not for PSD, although the latter strongly interacted with TOD. The most sensitive variable was subjective sleepiness, the standard deviation of lateral position (SDLAT) and measures of eye closure [duration, speed (slow), amplitude (low)]. Measures of electroencephalography and line crossings (LCs) showed only modest responses. For most variables individual differences vastly exceeded those of the fixed effects, except for subjective sleepiness and SDLAT. In a multiple regression analysis, SDLAT, amplitude/peak eye‐lid closing velocity and blink duration predicted subjective sleepiness bouts with a sensitivity and specificity of about 70%, but were mutually redundant. The prediction of LCs gave considerably weaker, but similar results. In summary, SDLAT and eye closure variables could be candidates for use in sleepiness‐monitoring devices. However, individual differences are considerable and there is need for research on how to identify and predict individual differences in susceptibility to sleepiness.
Human Dirofilaria repens infection in Serbia

Abstract Human infection by Dirofilaria repens in Serbia has been increasing steadily. The first case was reported in 1971, presented in the form of a single subcutaneous nodule on the back of a young boy. As established by a literature search, eight additional cases were reported until mid-2001. The most frequent site of infection was subcutaneous tissue, with the exception of two cases, in which parasites were found in subconjunctiva and epididymis. Our study, conducted from 2001 to 2008, encompasses 19 new cases. Most of them (63.1%) presented as ocular or periocular infections, in which the parasite was typically found under the conjunctiva. In other cases a parasitic nodule was localized in the temporal region of the head, epididymis, testicle, abdomen, breast or arm. The diagnosis was made by morphological and histological analysis of the extracted intact worms and parasite sections from the tissue. Morphology of the filarial worms was well preserved in more than half of the cases (12/19) and there was never more than one parasite found inside the lesions. Adult worms and immature nematodes were observed in nine and seven cases, respectively. Furthermore, in two cases microfilariae were discovered inside the pseudocoelom, sections of the female reproductive tubes filled with clearly visible larval stages. Dirofilaria repens infection was diagnosed by its morphological features (17/19) or by performing polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using paraffin-embedded tissues (2/19) in the cases where the morphology was insufficient for identification and the parasites had been determined initially as Dirofilaria spp. The amplified 246 bp PCR product showed that the worms were D. repens.
Methylphenidate and cognitive enhancement in university students: a systematic review1

Corresponding Author: Brisa Marina de Meireles Monteiro Universidade Federal de São João del Rei Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho,400 Bairro: Chanadour CEP: 35501-296, Divinópolis, MG, Brasil E-mail: brisinhamarina@gmail.com 1 Supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil. 2 MSc. 3 RN. 4 Biophysician. 5 Undergraduate student in Medicine, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil. 6 PhD, Adjunct Professor, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil. Methylphenidate and cognitive enhancement in university students: a systematic review1
Baja California Sur , México Fatty acids in plasma of California sea lion pups ( Zalophus c . californianus ) from Los Islotes , Baja California Sur , Mexico

Nutritious fats include all the lipids ingested as food and are composed mainly of triglycerides mixed with smaller quantities of other lipids. Fatty acids (FA) constitute the part of most nutritious interest in triglycerides. The fatty acid composition was assesed in the blood plasma of California sea lion pups (Zalophus c. californianus) from Los Islotes, Baja California Sur, in the Gulf of California, during 1999. Blood samples were obtained from 35 anesthetized sea lion pups, 21 males (M) and 14 females (F). The plasma was separated by centrifugation and stored with different antioxidants. The FA profile was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (FID). There was a great variation both in presence and quantity of fatty acids Ciencias Marinas, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2003
Establishment of highly metastatic KRAS mutant lung cancer cell sublines in long-term three-dimensional low attachment cultures

Decreased cell-substratum adhesion is crucially involved in metastasis. Previous studies demonstrated that lung cancer with floating cell clusters in histology is more likely to develop metastasis. In the present study, we investigated whether cancer cells in long-term, three-dimensional low attachment cultures acquire high metastatic potential; these cells were then used to examine the mechanisms underlying metastasis. Two KRAS-mutated adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549 and H441) were cultured and selected on ultra-low attachment culture dishes, and the resulting cells were defined as FL (for floating) sublines. Cancer cells were inoculated into NOD/SCID mice via an intracardiac injection, and metastasis was evaluated using luciferase-based imaging and histopathology. In vitro cell growth (in attachment or suspension cultures), migration, and invasion were assayed. A whole genomic analysis was performed to identify key molecular alterations in FL sublines. Upon detachment on low-binding dishes, parental cells initially formed rounded spheroids with limited growth activity. However, over time in cultures, cells gradually formed smaller spheroids that grew slowly, and, after 3–4 months, we obtained FL sublines that regained prominent growth potential in suspension cultures. On ordinary dishes, FL cells reattached and exhibited a more spindle-shaped morphology than parental cells. No marked differences were observed in cell growth with attachment, migration, or invasion between FL sublines and parental cell lines; however, FL cells exhibited markedly increased growth potential under suspended conditions in vitro and stronger metastatic abilities in vivo. A genomic analysis identified epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and c-Myc amplification in A549-FL and H441-FL cells, respectively, as candidate mechanisms for metastasis. The growth potential of FL cells was markedly inhibited by lentiviral ZEB1 knockdown in A549-FL cells and by the inhibition of c-Myc through lentiviral knockdown or the pharmacological inhibitor JQ1 in H441-FL cells. Long-term three-dimensional low attachment cultures may become a useful method for investigating the mechanisms underlying metastasis mediated by decreased cell-substratum adhesion.
Monitoring strategies for metabolic disease in transition dairy cows

Les programmes de monitoring de la balance énergétique négative et de l'acétonémie subclinique sont des activités rentables pour les troupeaux laitiers et permet l'identification des individus malades et la surveillance des performances des vaches en phase de transition. Les programmes devraient être centrés sur la surveillance des AGL (acides gras libres) et lors de la consommation volontaire de matières sèches au cours de la période précédant le vêlage. Les programmes de monitoring post-vêlages devraient être ciblés durant les deux premières semaines de la lactation. Plusieurs outils diagnostiques utilisés en période post-partum sont présentés et discutés dans le texte. References 1. LeBlanc S. , Duffield, T. , Leslie, K. Metabolic predictors of displaced abomasums. J. Dairy Sci. 2004 submitted. 2. Osborne, T.M. An evaluation of metabolic function in transition dairy cows supplemented with Rumensin premix or administered a controlled-release capsule. MSc dissertation, University of Guelph, 2003. Published in IVIS with the permission of the WBC Close window to return to IVIS www.ivis. org Proceedings of the WBC Congress, Québec, Canada , 2004 3. Duffield, T. Effects of a monensin controlled release capsule on energy metabolism, health, and production in lactating dairy cattle. DVSc dissertation, University of Guelph, 1997. 4. Geishauser T. , Leslie K. , Kelton D. , Duffield, T. Evaluation of five cowside tests for use with milk to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81: 438-443, 1998. 5. Belanger AM, DesCoteaux L, Couture Y, Baril J, Bagg R. Evaluation of a milk strip test for detection of subclinical ketosis at cow level. In : Proceedings of the 36th Ann Conv Am Assoc Bov Pract 2003; 174 6. Carrier, J., Stewart, S. , Godden, S. , Fetrow, J., and Rapnicki, P. 2003. Evaluation of three cow-side diagnostic tests for the detection of subclinical ketosis in fresh cows. In Proc. 4State Applied Nutrition and Management Conference. La Crosse, WI. July 9-10, 2003. 7. Duffield, T.F. , Kelton, D.F. , Leslie, K.E. , Lissemore, K. , Lumsden, J.H. Use of test day milk fat and milk protein to predict subclinical ketosis in Ontario dairy cattle. CVJ 38:713718, 1997. 8. Geishauser, T. , Leslie, K. , Kelton, D. , Duffield, T. Monitoring for subclinical ketosis in dairy herds. Compendium of Continuing Education. 23: s65-s71, 2001. Published in IVIS with the permission of the WBC Close window to return to IVIS www.ivis. org Proceedings of the WBC Congress, Québec, Canada , 2004
Evaluation of physiologic pain knowledge by physiotherapy students

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor e um grave problema mundial de saude, tornando o gerenciamento dessa condicao um desafio para os profissionais de saude. O estudo da dor tem sido abordado de maneira superficial durante o processo de formacao desses profissionais, refletindo-se em praticas clinicas ineficazes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o grau do conhecimento neurofisiologico da dor de estudantes de fisioterapia, apos serem utilizadas estrategias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem na abordagem do tema. METODOS: Foi conduzido um estudo experimental nao controlado com 14 estudantes do quinto periodo do curso de Fisioterapia. Durante o periodo letivo, o aprendizado da neurofisiologia da dor foi baseado em estrategias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem, com foco problematizador e aplicacao pratica das possiveis solucoes por parte dos estudantes. O Questionario Neurofisiologico da Dor foi utilizado para avaliar o conhecimento da neurofisiologia da dor, antes e apos o curso da disciplina. RESULTADOS: Foi observada melhora significativa (p=0,002) do percentual de acertos no Questionario Neurofisiologico da Dor final da intervencao quando comprado a avaliacao inicial. CONCLUSAO: Os alunos de fisioterapia obtiveram melhora do conhecimento neurofisiologico da dor com a utilizacao de estrategias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem.