Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An interactive metadata model for structural, descriptive, and referential representation of scholarly output

The scientific metadata model proposed in this article encompasses both classical descriptive metadata such as those defined in the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DC) and the innovative structural and referential metadata properties that go beyond the classical model. Structural metadata capture the structural vocabulary in research publications; referential metadata include not only citations but also data about other types of scholarly output that is based on or related to the same publication. The article describes the structural, descriptive, and referential (SDR) elements of the metadata model and explains the underlying assumptions and justifications for each major component in the model. ScholarWiki, an experimental system developed as a proof of concept, was built over the wiki platform to allow user interaction with the metadata and the editing, deleting, and adding of metadata. By allowing and encouraging scholars (both as authors and as users) to participate in the knowledge and metadata editing and enhancing process, the larger community will benefit from more accurate and effective information retrieval. The ScholarWiki system utilizes machine‐learning techniques that can automatically produce self‐enhanced metadata by learning from the structural metadata that scholars contribute, which will add intelligence to enhance and update automatically the publication of metadata Wiki pages.
Viral Suppression Rates in Salvage Treatment With Raltegravir Improved With the Administration of Genotypic Partially Active or Inactive Nucleoside/Tide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Background:Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are often administered in salvage therapy even if genotypic resistance tests (GRTs) indicate high-level resistance, but little is known about the benefit of these additional NRTIs. Methods:The effect of <2 compared with 2 NRTIs on viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) at week 24 was studied in salvage patients receiving raltegravir. Intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed; last observation carried forward imputation was used to deal with missing information. Logistic regressions were weighted to create a pseudopopulation in which the probability of receiving <2 and 2 NRTIs was unrelated to baseline factors predicting treatment response. Results:One-hundred thirty patients were included, of whom 58.5% (n = 76) received <2 NRTIs. NRTIs were often replaced by other drug classes. Patients with 2 NRTIs received less additional drug classes compared with patients with <2 NRTIs [median (IQR): 1 (1-2) compared with 2 (1-2), P Wilcoxon < 0.001]. The activity of non-NRTI treatment components was lower in the 2 NRTIs group compared with the <2 NRTIs group [median (IQR) genotypic sensitivity score: 2 (1.5-2.5) compared with 2.5 (2-3), P Wilcoxon < 0.001]. The administration of <2 NRTIs was associated with a worse viral suppression rate at week 24. The odds ratios were 0.34 (95% confidence interval: 0.13 to 0.89, P = 0.027) and 0.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.05 to 0.79, P = 0.023) when performing the last observation carried forward and the per-protocol approach, respectively. Conclusions:Our findings showed that partially active or inactive NRTIs contribute to treatment response, and thus the use of 2 NRTIs in salvage regimens that include raltegravir seems warranted.
Biological Control — Parasitoids and Predators Temperature-and Age-Dependent Survival , Development , and Oviposition Rates of the Pupal Parasitoid Spalangia cameroni ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae )

The combined effect of temperature and age on development, survival, attack rate, and oviposition of the parasitoid Spalangia cameroni (Perkins) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) exploiting house fly pupae was investigated by conducting life-table experiments at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 C. Temperature had a pronounced effect on survival and development of the immature stages. Survival was highest at 25 C, where 88.5% of the parasitized host pupae resulted in adult parasitoids, and lowest at 35 C when only 3.78% emerged. Females constituted between 50% (at 20 C) and 100% (at 35 C) of the surviving immatures. Males developed faster than females, with the shortest developmental times at 30 C (18.18 d for males and 19.41 d for females). Longevity of adult females decreased with temperature from 80 d at 15 C to 18 d at 35 C. Total attack rate of female parasitoids was highest at 20 C (106 hosts per female), and life-time reproduction highest at 20 C and 25 C (about 60 offspring per female). Sex ratio was female biased (65% females). A generic model was used to estimate and predict the temperature effect on the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), the net reproduction rate (R0), and the generation time (G). The model predicted that rm peaks at 33.5 C (rm1⁄40.182 d ), that maximum R0 is reached at 27.2 C (R01⁄450.2), and that the shortest generation time occurs at 34.5 C (G1⁄421.1 d). Doubling time was 4.19 d at 33 C. In the temperature range between 20 C and 30 C, S. cameroni has the potential to be an efficient control agent against nuisance flies.
Morphological and immunochemical studies of rat glial tumors and clonal strains propagated in culture.

✓ Rat glial tumors, induced by weekly injections of N-nitrosomethylurea for 8 months, were plated and propagated in culture. Cells grew as a glial tumor when injected back into various sites in newborn rats, and were then carried for many generations by transplantations from rat to rat or by alternate culture and animal passage. Light, phase, and electron microscopy of the cultured cells showed great variability among the glial types in all the primary tumors, in the cultures grown from them, and in the secondary in vivo tumors grown from the cultures. Many unmistakable stigmata of glia were conserved. Cloned cultures (derived from a single cell) were frozen and stored, and upon thawing resumed growth with their original histological appearance. Tumor lines from these cultured cloned strains showed much more constant growth rates and cell types; two stable lines were carried for many generations: a slow-growing astrocytoma and a faster growing glioblastoma. The distinctive neural protein called “S-100” wa.
Next Steps for the IP QoS Architecture

While there has been significant progress in the definition of Quality of Service (QoS) architectures for internet networks, there are a number of aspects of QoS that appear to need further elaboration as they relate to translating a set of tools into a coherent platform for end-to-end service delivery. This document highlights the outstanding architectural issues relating to the deployment and use of QoS mechanisms within internet networks, noting those areas where further standards work may assist with the deployment of QoS internets.
Adult polycystic liver disease: is fenestration the most adequate operation for long-term management?

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term results in a retrospective series of patients with highly symptomatic adult polycystic liver disease (APLD) treated by extensive fenestration techniques. A classification of APLD was developed as a stratification scheme to help surgeons conceptualize which operation to offer to patients with APLD. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Treatment options for APLD remain controversial, with partisans of fenestration techniques or combined liver resection-fenestration. METHODS Clinical symptoms, performance status, liver volume measurement by computed tomography (CT), and morbidity were recorded before surgery and after surgery. Adult polycystic liver disease was classified according to the number, size, and location of liver cysts and the amount of remaining liver parenchyma. Follow-up was obtained by clinical and CT examinations in all patients. RESULTS Ten patients with highly symptomatic APLD were operated on using an extensive fenestration technique (by laparotomy in 8 patients and by laparoscopy in 2 patients, 1 of whom conversion to laparotomy was required). The mean preoperative liver volume was 7761 cm3. There was no mortality. Postoperative morbidity occurred in 50%, mainly from biliary complications, requiring reintervention in two cases. Massive intraoperative hemorrhage occurred in one patient. During a mean follow-up time of 71 months (range, 17 to 239 months), all patients were improved clinically according to their estimated performance status. The mean postoperative liver volume was 4596 cm3, which represents a mean liver volume reduction rate of 43%. However, in type III APLD, despite absence of clinical symptoms, a significant increase in liver volume was observed in 40% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Extensive fenestration is effective in relieving symptoms in patients with APLD. Hemorrhage and biliary complications are possible consequences of such an aggressive attempt to reduce liver volume. The procedure can be performed laparoscopically in type I APLD. A longer follow-up period is mandatory in type II APLD, to confirm the usefulness of the fenestration procedure. In type III APLD, significant disease progression was observed in 40% of the patients during long-term follow-up. Fenestration may not be the most appropriate operation for long-term management of all types of APLD.
Effect of dietary fiber levels on performance, gizzard development, intestinal morphology, and nutrient utilization in meat ducks from 1 to 21 days of age

&NA; The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary fiber levels on growth performance, gizzard development, intestinal morphology, and nutrient utilization in Cherry Valley meat ducks. In total, 720 1‐day‐old ducklings were fed with starter diets (120 ducklings, 8 pens of 15 ducklings, on each diet) containing 6 levels of crude fiber (CF, 1.46, 3.09, 4.15, 6.18, 7.52, and 9.03%, based on analysis) for 21 d. Then, on d 22, ducks fed all of the starter diets were transferred to a grower diet (containing 4% CF) to examine the residual effect of starter dietary fiber levels until 35 d. Body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed to gain ratio (F:G) were recorded/calculated weekly. Ducks were sampled for gizzard development and intestinal morphology determination on d 7, 14, and 21. Nutrient utilization was assessed using 25‐ to 27‐day‐old ducks. The results showed that BW (d 21), BWG (d 15 to 21, d 1 to 21), and F:G (d 15 to 21, d 1 to 21, and d 1 to 35) were increased quadratically (P < 0.01), and FI (all periods except for d 22 to 35) was increased linearly (P < 0.01), when starter dietary CF levels increased from 1.46 to 9.03%. Ducks under 3.09% and 4.15% CF starter diets had decreased 1 to 35 d FI and F:G when compared to ducks under other starter diets. When compared to ducks fed 1.46% and 3.09% CF starter diets, ducks fed starter diet containing 7.52% CF had increased gizzard development, jejunal morphology, energy retention, excreta nutrients availability, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Arg, Ile, Leu, Thr, Val, Asp, Ala, Glu, Gly, Pro, Ser, and total amino acids. In conclusion, meat ducks from 1 to 21 d of age could adapt to a wide range (3.09% to 7.52%) of dietary fiber levels.
Anthropometric correlates of blood pressure among school children in Nagpur city, central India: a cross-sectional study.

Context: On the basis of emerging evidence, it is now apparent that primary hypertension is detectable in the young and that it occurs commonly. The long-term health risks for hypertensive children and adolescents can be substantial. Early diagnosis of hypertension (HT) is an important strategy in its control. Previous studies have documented that hypertension may begin in adolescence, perhaps even in childhood. Aims: To determine the prevalence of hypertension and its correlation with anthropometric variables like height, weight and body mass index (BMI) among school-going children in Nagpur city, Central India. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study done in one randomly selected school. Materials and Methods: School-going children aged between 12 and 16 years were included in the study. The weight and height were measured using a standard procedure. Blood pressure measurements were taken by a mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was diagnosed if blood pressure was more than 95 th percentile for the age and height. The distributions of blood pressure by anthropometric characteristics were studied. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient and χ 2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 11.77%. Blood pressure of both genders appears to have positive correlation with anthropometric characteristics. Conclusions: Increase in anthropometric measurements like height, weight and BMI were found to be positively correlated with hypertension among school children in the present study.
Analytical design of modified Smith predictor for unstable second-order processes with time delay

ABSTRACT In this paper, a modified Smith predictor using three controllers, namely, stabilising (Gc), set-point tracking (Gc1), and load disturbance rejection (Gc2) controllers is proposed for second-order unstable processes with time delay. Controllers of the proposed structure are tuned using direct synthesis approach as this method enables the user to achieve a trade-off between the performance and robustness by adjusting a single design parameter. Furthermore, suitable values of the tuning parameters are recommended after studying their effect on the closed-loop performance and robustness. This is the main advantage of the proposed work over other recently published manuscripts, where authors provide only suitable ranges for the tuning parameters in spite of giving their suitable values. Simulation studies show that the proposed method results in satisfactory performance and improved robustness as compared to the recently reported control schemes. It is observed that the proposed scheme is able to work in the noisy environment also.
Blind image deblurring via adaptive dynamical system learning

Blind image deblurring is one of the main phases in most media analysis tasks. Many existing works aim to simultaneously estimate the latent image and the blur kernel under a MAP framework. However, it has been demonstrated that such joint estimation strategies may lead to the undesired trivial solution. In this paper, we propose a learnable nonlinear dynamical system to formulate the image propagation so that the blur kernel estimation can be efficiently controlled by both cues and training data. Our analysis also indicates that the proposed dynamical system is feasible on image modeling socialities. Experimental results on different benchmark image sets evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Toward a General Conceptualization of Multi-Display Environments

Combining multiple displays in the same environment enables more immersive and rich experiences in which visualization and interaction can be improved. Although much research has been done in the field of Multi-Display Environments (MDEs) and previous studies have provided taxonomies to define them, these have usually consisted of partial descriptions. In this paper we propose a general taxonomy that identifies the key dimensions to tackle when developing MDEs and a classification of previous studies, with the aim of helping designers to identify the key aspects that must be addressed when developing the next generation of MDEs.
The effect of testosterone supplementation on depression symptoms in hypogonadal men from the Testim Registry in the US (TRiUS)

Objective: To determine the effect of long-term testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on depression symptoms in hypogonadal men. Methods: Data were from TRiUS, a multicenter, 12-month observational registry (N = 849) of hypogonadal men prescribed 1% testosterone gel. Measures including total testosterone (TT) were assessed at baseline and months 3, 6, and 12. Depression symptoms were measured with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a validated self-report questionnaire. A PHQ-9 score decrease of ≥5 represents clinical improvement. Results PHQ-9 scores were available for 762/849 TRiUS participants at baseline. Overall, 92.4% (704/762) demonstrated some level of depressive symptoms, with 17.3% (132/762) having moderately severe (score 15–19) to severe (score 20–27) symptoms. Subcohorts with significantly (p ≤ 0.03) more moderately severe to severe symptoms were: <60 years old, TT levels <250 ng/dl (<8.68 nmol/l), HIV/AIDS-positive, or used antidepressants or opioids. TT levels and PHQ-9 scores improved significantly (p < 0.01) by 3 months of TRT. At 12 months PHQ-9 scores showed a clinically meaningful mean improvement of 5.62 points, patients with moderately severe to severe symptoms decreased from 17.3% to 2.1% (5/233), and subcohorts, including those defined by age (<60 years) and antidepressant use, had improved PHQ-9 scores ≥5. Conclusion: TRT may reduce depression symptoms in hypogonadal men, including middle-aged men and those using antidepressants.
Localization of a lysosomal enzyme in platelets from patients with the White platelet syndrome

The White platelet syndrome (WPS) is an autosomal dominant platelet disorder. Platelet structural abnormalities include the presence of Golgi complexes in up to 13% of their cells, frequently accompanied by centrioles, deficient numbers or absent alpha granules in 30–40% of their platelets and masses of dense tubular system (DTS) channels often forming areas of cytoplasmic sequestration. The degradation of cytoplasm and organelles in the sequestered areas suggested the possibility that hydrolytic enzymes remained in the DTS and were being transferred to sequestration vacuoles. The present study has used ultrastructural cytochemistry to localize the sites of a lysosomal enzyme, aryl sulfatase, in normal and WPS platelets. Enzyme reaction product, lead sulfide, was localized to lysosomal organelles in normal platelets, and only in rare examples appeared in the DTS. Aryl sulfatase activity was found in the Golgi complexes, a few lysosomes, much of the DTS and areas of cytoplasmic sequestration in WPS platelets. The findings indicate that aryl sulfatase, and, most likely, proteins destined for alpha granules in WPS platelets are not completely transferred from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi complexes, then to Golgi vesicles and finally to lysosomal and alpha granules in the parent cell before the platelets are delivered to the circulation.
Melanopsin-dependent persistence and photopotentiation of murine pupillary light responses.

PURPOSE To determine the relative contributions of inner and outer retinal photoreception to the pupillary light response. METHODS Wild-type, retinal degenerate (rd/rd), and melanopsin mutant (opn4(-/-)) mice were tested for pupillary light responsiveness by video pupillometry before, during, and after exposure to supersaturating light intensities. Similar lighting protocols were used to probe responses of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) recorded with multielectrode arrays ex vivo. RESULTS Both outer retinal photoreceptors (rods and cones) and inner retinal photoreceptors (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells [ipRGCs]) are sufficient to drive the pupillary light response in mice. After supersaturating light exposure, rather than bleaching or adapting, rd/rd mice showed paradoxical potentiation of responses to subsaturating light exposure. opn4(-/-) mice, in contrast, could not sustain pupillary constriction under continuous bright illumination, and showed desensitization after bright-light exposure. Both the intensity of light necessary to induce potentiation and the spectral sensitivity for sustained and potentiated responses differed from that necessary to trigger pupillary constriction, suggesting that photopotentiation is dependent on a pigment-state distinct from that triggering the pupillary light response itself. Multielectrode array recordings of ipRGCs from rd/rd retinas demonstrated persistent cell firing under continuous light exposure but did not show potentiation. CONCLUSIONS Unique photoreceptive properties of intrinsically photosensitive RGCs confer resistance to bleaching and/or adaptation under continuous bright illumination to the pupillary light response and suggest the presence of a photopigment with multiple absorption states.
The Relationship Between Suboptimal Effort and Post-Concussion Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

This retrospective chart review study explored the relationship between suboptimal effort and post-concussion symptoms in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Participants were 382 clinically referred children and adolescents between 8 and 16 years of age who sustained an mTBI. Suboptimal effort was identified using reliable digit span and age-corrected scaled scores from the Numbers subtest of the Children’s Memory Scale (CMS); 20% of the sample were classified as non-credible performers. Chi-square analyses and t-tests were used to examine differences in post-concussion symptoms and neuropsychological test performance between credible and non-credible performers. Linear regression was used to examine whether CMS Numbers performance predicted post-concussion symptoms after controlling for baseline symptoms and other relevant demographic- and injury-related factors. We found that non-credible performers presented with a greater number of post-concussion symptoms as compared with credible performers. Additionally, non-credible performers demonstrated comparatively poorer performance on neuropsychological tests of focused attention and processing speed. These results suggest that children and adolescents with mTBI who fail effort testing might have a greater tendency to exaggerate post-concussion symptoms and cognitive impairment. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Ecology and Sexual Selection: Evolution of Wing Pigmentation in Calopterygid Damselflies in Relation to Latitude, Sexual Dimorphism, and Speciation

Our knowledge about how the environment influences sexual selection regimes and how ecology and sexual selection interact is still limited. We performed an integrative study of wing pigmentation in calopterygid damselflies, combining phylogenetic comparative analyses, field observations and experiments. We investigated the evolutionary consequences of wing pigmentation for sexual dimorphism, speciation, and extinction and addressed the possible thermoregulatory benefits of pigmentation. First, we reconstructed ancestral states of male and female phenotypes and traced the evolutionary change of wing pigmentation. Clear wings are the ancestral state and that pigmentation dimorphism is derived, suggesting that sexual selection results in sexual dimorphism. We further demonstrate that pigmentation elevates speciation and extinction rates. We also document a significant biogeographic association with pigmented species primarily occupying northern temperate regions with cooler climates. Field observations and experiments on two temperate sympatric species suggest a link between pigmentation, thermoregulation, and sexual selection, although body temperature is also affected by other phenotypic traits such as body mass, microhabitat selection, and thermoregulatory behaviors. Taken together, our results suggest an important role for wing pigmentation in sexual selection in males and in speciation. Wing pigmentation might not increase ecological adaptation and species longevity, and its primary function is in sexual signaling and species recognition.