Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strict pure strategy Nash equilibria in large finite‐player games

In the context of anonymous games (i.e., games where the payoﬀ of a player is, apart from his/her own action, determined by the distribution of the actions made by the other players) we present a model in which, generically (in a precise sense), ﬁnite-player games have strict pure strategy Nash equilibria if the number of agents is large. A key feature of our model is that payoﬀ functions have diﬀerentiability properties. A consequence of our existence result is that, in our model, equilibrium distributions of non-atomic games are asymptotically implementable by pure strategy Nash equilibria of large ﬁnite-player games.
A G ] 2 A pr 2 01 8 CONTRACTIBLE STABILITY SPACES AND FAITHFUL BRAID GROUP ACTIONS

We prove that any ‘finite-type’ component of a stability space of a triangulated category is contractible. The motivating example of such a component is the stability space of the Calabi–Yau-N category D (ΓNQ) associated to an ADE Dynkin quiver. In addition to showing that this is contractible we prove that the braid group Br (Q) acts freely upon it by spherical twists, in particular that the spherical twist group Br (ΓNQ) is isomorphic to Br (Q). This generalises Brav–Thomas’ result for the N = 2 case. Other classes of triangulated categories with finite-type components in their stability spaces include locally-finite triangulated categories with finite rank Grothendieck group and discrete derived categories of finite global dimension.
The X-Shooter spectrum of ( 136199 )

We observe Eris, one of the largest trans-Neptunian objects, in the 300 − 2480 nm range with X-Shooter, the first second-generation instrument for the ESOVery Large Telescope, and compare the newly obtained spectra with those available in the literature. The large spectra coverage and high resolving power (λ/∆λ ' 5000) of X-Shooter allow us to study absorption features due to CH4 and search for other ices’ absorptions. We measure the positions and depth of CH4 absorption features and compare them with those of reflectance of pure methane ice obtained from the optical constants of this ice at 30 K to study shifts in their positions. We do not directly detect absorption bands due to N2 or CO ices in the spectra. Nevertheless, the measured wavelength shifts of the CH4 absorption features points to a dilution of this ice in another one on the surface of Eris and the presence of pure CH4 spatially segregated. The comparison of the centers and shapes of these bands with previous works suggest that the surface is heterogeneous.
Incipient Landslides in the Jhelum Valley , Pakistan Following the 8 th October 2005 Earthquake

Extensive landsliding was a notable feature of the 8th October 2005 earthquake in India and Pakistan. The landslides ranged in size from small cut-slope failures to a rock avalanche with an estimated volume of about 80 million m. In this paper we examine two key aspects of the landslides associated with the earthquake. First we attempt to estimate the number of fatalities associated with landsliding. We suggest that this is of the order of 26,500 people including 300 in India. As such this represents probably the third largest landslide disaster in recorded history. In the second part of the paper we examine the widespread occurrence of cracked slopes the Kashmir area of Pakistan. We attempt to explain this phenomenon by showing that prior to the earthquake the precipitation input was unusually low, resulting in slopes that were essentially dry at the time of the event. We suggest that these slopes are extremely vulnerable to reactivation during forthcoming wet seasons. As a result, there is a high level of threat to the population of Kashmir, and the landslides represent a significant potential source of problems during the rehabilitation phase in Pakistan.
2 Comparative Energy Consumption by Food Production

We compare the energy consumption of animaland plant-based diets, and, more broadly, the range of energetic planetary footprints spanned by reasonable dietary choices. We demonstrate that the greenhouse gas emissions of various diets varies by as much as the difference between owning an average sedan versus a Sport Utility Vehicle under typical driving conditions. We conclude with a brief review of the safety of plant-based diets, and find no reasons for concern. Tel: (773) 702-0440, Fax: (773) 702-9505, Email: geshel@uchicago.edu
Lipid Testing among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes who was About to Commence Treatment at a Tertiary Health Care

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown to be associated with disturbances in lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Studies had also shown that dyslipidaemia is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications. We aimed to monitor the lipid profile pattern of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending clinic at Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital (ESUTTH). Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 30 diagnosed type 2 DM patients who were about to commence treatment at Medical outpatient (MOP) clinic of ESUTTH. Blood samples were drawn from the patients before they commenced treatment, six months into the treatment and at twelve months of the treatment. Blood samples were also drawn from 25 age matched apparently healthy controls that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The lipid profile included total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), calculated low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were also evaluated along with the lipid profile. The study was done from January to December 2016. Results: This study was conducted on 30 participants with a mean age of 67.2 years for men and 60.8 years for women. At treatment naïve, significantly lower mean serum levels of HDL and significantly higher serum levels of LDL and HbA1c were observed in male patients (p<0.05) compared with control. At twelve months into treatment, TC significantly reduced from 4.97±0.91mmol/l to 3.88±0.29mmol/l (p=0.002), LDL significantly reduced from 2.69±1.24mmol/l to1.01±0.02mmol/l (p=0.002) in male patients. At twelve months into treatment, TG significantly increased from 1.98±0.59mmol/l to 2.66±0.03mmol/l (p=0.001) in female patients, VLDL significantly increased from 0.90±0.27mmol/l to 1.21±0.02mmol/l (p=0.001) in female patients. Conclusion: There was a significant increase of triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein at 12 months of treatment when compared with treatment naïve and 6 months into treatment in both male and female DM patients in this study.
2018-1005 Extracellular vesicles in oral squamous carcinoma carry oncogenic miRNA profile and reprogram monocytes via NF-kappaB pathway

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are carriers of different biomacromolecules that participate in cellular signaling and disease pathogenesis. Although it has been shown that EVs can play an active role in cellular communication and different stages of cancer progression, the role of EVs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cancer pathogenesis, especially in the crosstalk of cancer cells with immune cells is unknown. Here, we present a detailed analysis of findings regarding the profile of EVs in OSCC and the role of EVs and associated miRNAs in the crosstalk of malignant cells with monocytes. We demonstrate that EVs are detectable in significantly higher quantities in the plasma of patients with OSCC. Oncogenic miRNAs (such as miR-21, miR-27) were detectable in high quantities in the circulating EVs and plasma of patients with OSCC. EVs isolated from the circulation of OSCC patients and OSCC cell lines showed comparable miRNA signature, indicating the tumor origin of EVs in the circulation of patients with OSCC. Danger signals such as LPS and ethanol increased the production of EVs. EVs were taken up by monocytes after co-culture. Mechanistically, uptake of EVs derived from oral cancer cells by monocytes caused activation of the inflammatory pathway, NF-κB activation, and establishment of a pro-inflammatory and protumorigenic milieu marked by increased levels of IL-6, CCL2, PEG2 and MMP9 levels. Series of experiments involving the introduction of exogenous oncogenic miR-21 mimic induced a similar pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic profile in monocytes. Inhibiting miR-21 function in monocytes attenuated the pro-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes after EV challenge. These results indicate the role of EV-associated miR21 in modulating the immune response in monocytes. www.oncotarget. com Oncotarget, 2018, Vol. 9, (No. 78), pp: 34838-34854
Object Classification using 3 D Convolutional Neural Networks Classification of Voxelized LiDAR Point Cloud Data using 3 D Convolutional Neural Networks

In the development of autonomous driving and active safety systems, knowledge about the vehicle’s surroundings is critical. When it comes to making decisions in real driving scenarios, the location and relative movement of surrounding vehicles, pedestrians and even static objects gives invaluable information to the system responsible for decision making. To know whether an object is a car or pedestrian, the system has to distinguish between the different features to predict object type. LiDAR sensors are among the most commonly used sensors in the development of modern AD systems as they produce dense images of their surroundings that are relatively resistant to changing light and weather conditions. Many classification methods use feature extraction or transformations to evaluate the 3D information using methods commonly used in 2D image analysis. In this thesis we evaluate the performance of training convolutional neural networks directly on 3D data, bypassing any information loss through data extraction or transformation and allowing the intensity hit of points to be used. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated on a dataset created from the KITTI Vision Benchmarking Suite. Our results show a total accuracy score of 96.35% and with a mean accuracy of 95.67% on a dataset trained on 7 classes.
Applicability of tanaka-johnston mixed-dentition analysis in indonesian children

The Tanaka-Johnston method was used to predict the size of the un erupted canine and premolar teeth in the maxilla and mandible. However, the accuracy of the Tanaka-Johnston equation is still questionable when used in different ethnic groups. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Tanaka-Johnston method in predicting the size of un erupted permanent canines and premolars in Indonesian children. Dental study casts were obtained from 300 samples (130 males, 170 females) that fulfilled inclusion criteria. Mesiodistal crown widths of permanent teeth were measured using a digital calliper (Krisbow, Jakarta, Indonesia) of 0.01 mm resolution. The actual tooth measurements were then compared with predicted values using the Tanaka-Johnston equation. Tooth dimensions were statistically different between males and females, with males having larger teeth than females. There were significant differences between the values from actual measurements with the TanakaJohnston prediction value for both sexes. This study showed that the Tanaka–Johnston method cannot accurately predict the mesiodistal widths in Indonesian children Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2017; 10(Special Issue): pp. 486-489)
Rodent Pest Management in the Qinghai – Tibet Alpine Meadow Ecosystem

The available area of the natural grasslands of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is about 1.4 million km 2 . As a result of inappropriate reclamation and over-grazing in the past decades, serious degeneration of up to 0.71 million km 2 of the grasslands has occurred. Of this area, 0.37 million km 2 has been damaged by rodents and about 40,000 km 2 of black sandy soil has been formed due to rodent infestation. The plateau pika ( Ochotona curzoniae ) and the plateau zokor ( Myospalax baileyi ) are the two dominant rodent species. Rodent control is essential for reversing the heavy degeneration of the grassland so that it can be used again for grazing. Beginning in the 1960s, more than ten types of rodenticide have been used for controlling rodents in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. In order to reduce the risk of rodenticides to predators and to improve baiting efficiency, a baiting machine was invented which puts baits into the rodents’ underground tunnels, based on the invading behaviour of zokors. Both the baiting and killing efficiencies, as well as the safety advantages of using the baiting machine, are greater than the traditional, manual method of ground baiting. Since the mid-1980s, studies have shifted to developing a sustainable strategy for managing pika and zokor damage by understanding their ecology and interaction with the grazing activities in the region. A demonstration area of 200 ha was set up in a heavily degenerated region with black sandy soil. An integrated management program, which included use of a baiting machine, seeding, fencing, control of weeds and control of grazing intensity, was implemented. The vegetation and the productivity of the grassland were increased shortly after treatment began. An increase of about 648.4 t of dried grasses was observed in the area during the next three years.
Peer Victimization and Ethnic-Cultural Peer Victimization: Self-Esteem and School Relations between Different Cultural Groups of Students in Andalusia, Spain

The objective of this research consisted of studying peer victimization (10 types) and ethnic-cultural peer victimization (10 types), together with their relation to self-esteem, social adjustment and number of friends at school, focusing especially on the cultural variable. A representative sample of preadolescent and adolescent students was recruited (mean age = 14.48 years) from schools in Andalusia (Spain). The sample consisted of 7,037 students from different cultures (80.1% majority, 2.7% gypsies, 6.1% first-generation immigrants and 4% second-generation immigrants). The participants filled in a self-informed questionnaire. Results show that multivictimization does not depend on the cultural group. Nevertheless, ethnic-cultural multivictimization is different in each group, more frequent in firstgeneration immigrants and gypsies. First-generation immigrants show lower levels of social adjustment if compared to other groups. Taking into account Tajfels’ theory, it can be inferred that first-generation immigrants and gypsies are the groups with the highest risk of social exclusion. The situation seems even more difficult in the former because of the lack of social support.
Ecological Impacts of Non-native Freshwater Fishes

There is a long history of introduction of non-native fishes in fresh waters and the introduction rate has accelerated greatly over time. Although not all introduced fishes have appreciable effects on their new ecosystems, many exert significant ecological, evolutionary, and economic impacts. For researchers, managers, and policy makers interested in conserving freshwater diversity, understanding the magnitude and array of potential impacts of non-native fish species is of utmost importance. The present study provides an illustrative conspectus of the most recent literature reporting ecological impacts of non-native freshwater fishes from a wide range of species and geographic locations and concludes with a prospectus of needed areas of scientific inquiry. Both directly and indirectly, invasive fishes affect a wide range of native organisms from zooplankton to mammals across multiple levels of biological organizations ranging from the genome to the ecosystem. Although a great deal of knowledge has been recently accumulated, this body of knowledge dwarfs in comparison to what we still need to learn. Specifically, we cite the need for additional scientific inquiry to fill knowledge gaps that are principally caused by taxonomically, geographically, disciplinarily, and methodologically unbalanced approaches. IntroductIon Freshwater ecosystems touch nearly all aspects of human society, acting as centers of organization within the landscape, providing countless cultural and ecological services, and supporting a rich diversity of biological life. The escalating need to simultaneously meet the water demands of a growing human population and ensure ecological integrity is largely why freshwater organisms are among the most imperilled faunas worldwide (Leidy and Moyle 1998; Ricciardi and Rasmussen 1999; Jenkins 2003). Non-native invasive fish species are increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to extinction threat in fresh waters, one that joins and combines synergistically with habitat loss and fragmentation, hydrologic alteration, climate change, overexploitation, and pollution (Dudgeon et al. 2006). Although not all introduced fishes become established, and the fraction of those that do often have little appreciable effects on their new ecosystems, many others exert significant ecological, evolutionary, and economic impacts (Jeschke and Strayer 2005; Ricciardi and Kipp 2008). Ecological effects have Ecological Impacts of Non-native Freshwater Fishes
Automatic Assessment of Global Craniofacial Differences between Crouzon mice and Wild-Type mice in terms of the Cephalic Index

This paper presents the automatic assessment of differences between Wild-Type mice and Crouzon mice based on high-resolution 3D Micro CT data. One factor used for the diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome in humans is the cephalic index, which is the skull width/length ratio. This index has traditionally been computed by time-consuming manual measurements that prevent large-scale populational studies. In this study, an automatic method to estimate cephalic index for this mouse model of Crouzon syndrome is presented. The method is based on constructing a craniofacial atlas of Wild-type mice and then registering each mouse to the atlas using affine transformations. The skull length and width are then measured on the atlas and propagated to all subjects to obtain automatic measurements of the cephalic index. The registration accuracy was estimated by RMS landmark errors. Even though the accuracy of landmark matching is limited using only affine transformations, the errors were considered acceptable. The automatic estimation of the cephalic index was in full agreement with the gold standard measurements. Discriminant analysis of the three scaling parameters resulted in a good classification of the mouse groups.
The Search for a Coherent Language: The Science and Politics of Drug Testing and Approval

" We can only hope that out of this controversy will come some real advances in the management of a common and dreadful disease. " The subject of this chapter is the history of the development of treatments for the most common cause of dementia: Alzheimer's Disease. By the middle of the 1980's, industrialized countries recognized that Alzheimer's Disease was common, untreatable and caused substantial harms and costs to individual patients, their family caregivers and society. Moreover, demographic projections of the growth in the elderly population predicted that these harms and costs would grow. 1 Treatments were urgently needed, and the clinical trial was the way to discover them. Years later, clinical trials have yielded results. The 2001 American Academy of Neurology's Evidence based guidelines recommend acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and vitamin E as treatments for Alzheimer's Disease. 2 Progress had occurred. But the same Academy Guidelines that clearly state how these treatments have value also contains an appendix that acknowledges there is no standard approach to determining the magnitude of the benefits of dementia treatments. 2 Other publications report this and other limitations of Alzheimer's Disease treatment trials. Common themes are disagreements over the choice of endpoints, and the interpretation of treatment versus control group differences in endpoints. 3-11 The message is that the communities of clinical medicine, clinical research, research regulation and industry have not achieved a set of measures or approaches to analyze them that fulfill both the standards of valid science and clinical value. The result is an incoherence in the language of benefit. The term " incoherence " describes the inability of these communities to select and analyze measures of treatment benefit so that claims of validity and clinical value hang together. A language of benefit serves a number of interrelated ethical and scientific functions. Hence, the costs of the failure to achieve a coherent language are significant. Clinical investigators and institutional review boards struggle with weighing research risks and benefits. Clinicians and patients struggle with the decision whether to use a new treatment and the merits of changing or discontinuing treatments. Finally, public and private policy makers cannot reach transparent and acceptable decisions about access to and reimbursement for treatment. There is also a human cost. As long as incoherence exists, clinical research results are of dubious value. As a result, further clinical trials are done to try and achieve coherence. But these trials require significant …
Effect of gamma irradiation on potato ( Solanum tuberosum L . ) tubers influencing post-harvest quality parameters

In this study potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L. var Kufri Jyoti) were exposed to radiation dosages of 150 gray (Gy) and 500 gray (Gy) to study the post-harvest quality parameters of this horticultural crop. The treated tubers were stored at two different temperatures (60 C and 150 C) along with storage under ambient condition. The changes in the various physical quality parameters as well as biochemical changes were determined two months after storage. From this study, it was found that radiation may act as an effective tool for sprouting inhibition. 500 gray (Gy) radiation was found to be detrimental for the tubers as discolouration of the tubers kept under ambient condition was observed within two weeks of the treatment. Considerable weight loss, significant loss in firmness, change in specific gravity and loss of ascorbic acid along with rapid discoloration was observed. The tubers exposed to radiation and subsequently stored under a lower temperature range (60 C) showed improved physical quality aspects compared to the tubers stored at an elevated temperature (150 C) or ambient conditions but resulted in higher sugar accumulation due to ‘cold induced sweetening’ phenomena. Thus storage at 15O C may be recommended for retaining the physical quality.
The Relationship between Critical Thinking and Gender: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners

The present paper investigates the relationship between critical thinking (CT) and gender among Iranian EFL learners and it also attempts to trace any difference between male and female learners in applying this skill. With this purpose in mind, 186 EFL learners from five private language institutes were selected in order to participate in the study. The participants were requested to complete the validated Persian version of Watson-Glaser’s Critical Thinking Appraisal which consisted of 80 items and took 45 minutes to be filled out. The findings indicated a poor status of CT among the learners and also it was revealed that males and females were not significantly different from one another in applying CT skills. The conclusion and implications of the study are furthered discussed.