Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers' Reflections on the Implementation of the New Elementary School Mathematics Curriculum in Turkey Yeni İlköğretim Matematik Programi Hakkinda Öğretmenlerin Görüş ve Değerlendirmeleri

This study examines Turkish mathematics teachers' reflections on the implementation of the new elementary mathematics curriculum for grades 6-8 in a pilot school. For this aim, three mathematics teachers during the fall semester of 2007 were regularly observed in their classrooms and then interviewed at the end. The data collected from the interviews and observations revealed that teachers were in favor of the new mathematics curriculum; however, they mentioned a lack of initial training and asked for an ongoing in-service training at the school level. They also claimed some problems encountered in practice: (1) impediments to carry out activities in the class (2) a lack of sufficient knowledge on using alternative assessments, (3) a lack of parental support and involvement, and (4) OZ: Bu nitel arastirmanin amaci yeni 6-8. sinif ilkogretim matematik programi hakkinda ogretmenlerin gorus ve dusuncelerini ortaya koymaktir. Bu amacla bir pilot okulda calisan uc matematik ogretmeni donem boyunca kendi matematik siniflarinda duzenli olarak gozlemlenmis ve donemin sonunda kendileriyle birer saatlik yari-yapilandirilmis gorusmeler yapilmistir. Toplanan verilerin icerik analizi sonucunda, ogretmenler yeni matematik programi hakkinda olumlu yonde gorus bildirirken diger taraftan hizmet ici egitimin yetersizligini vurgulamis ve bu konuda daha sonra da herhangi bir tamamlayici egitim almadiklarini ifade etmislerdir. Ayrica uygulama sirasinda karsilastiklari bazi problemleri su sekilde dile getirmislerdir: sinif mevcudunun fazla olmasi, programin gerektirdigi materyallerin yetersizligi, tum programi bitirme noktasinda zaman yetersizligi, alternatif degerlendirme metotlarinin kullanimi hakkinda bilgi yetersizligi, yeni programa aile ilgisi ve desteginin azligi ve sene sonu uygulanan merkezi sinavlarin programa negatif etkisi.
Studies on Immunoinhibitory Receptor and Viral Antigen Expression in Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection [an abstract of entire text]

Title Studies on Immunoinhibitory Receptor and Viral Antigen Expression in Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection [an abstract of entire text] Author(s) 池渕, 良洋 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(獣医学) 甲第11157号 Issue Date 2013-12-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/54648 Type theses (doctoral abstract of entire text) Note この博士論文全文の閲覧方法については、以下のサイトをご参照ください。 Note(URL) https://www.lib. hokudai.ac. jp/dissertations/copy-guides/ File Information Ryoyo_Ikebuchi_summary. pdf
Correlation Demodex Folliculorum and Skin Biophysical Parameters

Purpose: Demodex folliculorum is a transparent mite, 0.3 - 0.4 mm long, which asymptomatically parasitizes the human pilosebaceous follicles. D. folliculorum is observed in normal skin with a prevalence of 100% and a density of ≤ 5 D/cm2 in the adult population. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the differences in pH on the five facial sites between the two populations with and without D. folliculorum. The relationship between pH and skin surface oil was analyzed in populations with and without Demodex mites. Mongolian 750 subjects (370 males and 380 females) aged 16 - 84 years, who lived in Ulaanbaatar city, were enrolled in this study. The eligibility criteria included a minimum age of 16 and no physical and dermatologic illness, no cosmetic. Results: Skin surface oil among the five facial areas differed significantly in both subjects with and without Demodex folliculorum (P < 0.001). When the skin surface oil on the T-zone, U-zone was compared, those on the T-zone were significantly higher than those of the U-zone (P < 0.001) in both populations (P< 0.01). The pH levels on the five facial sites, and U-zone, T-zone and MFpH differed significantly in among both subjects with and without Demodex folliculorum (P < 0.001). In both groups, the pH levels of the U-zone were significantly lower than the pH of the T-zone (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Among the five facial sites in subjects with Demodex folliculorum, there were significant negative correlations between skin surface oil and pH on the forehead (p < 0.001, r = 652), cheek (P < 0.001, r = 0.656), nose (P < 0.001, r = 0.754), chin (P < 0.001, r = 0.679), and T-zone (P < 0.001, r = 0.698), MFSE-MFpH (P < 0.001, r = 0.483). In contrast, among the five sites in subjects without Demodex folliculorum, a significant negative correlation between skin surface oil and pH was observed on the forehead (p < 0.001, r = 766), cheek (P < 0.001, r = 0.798), nose (P < 0.001, r = 0.706), chin (P < 0.001, r = 0.823), and T-zone (P < 0.001, r = 0.602), U-zone (P < 0.001, r = -0.550)
Differences in demersal community structure and biomass size spectra within and outside the Maltese Fishery Management Zone (FMZ)

We examined the protection effect of a long-established fisheries protection zone by studying the demersal communities and the biomass size spectra of specific taxonomic groups. The results and the relevant management implications of the community analysis are discussed within the context of the MEDITS trawl survey program, from which the data was derived. The demersal fishery resources on the muddy bottoms of Maltese trawling grounds were found to be stratified in four main depth ranges: 83 to 166 m (outer continental shelf), 140 to 230 m (shelf break), 270 to 440 m (shallow slope), and 466 to 701 m (deep slope). Significant differences were detected between the inside and outside zones of the outer continental shelf. Stations from this stratum inside the protected zone had twice as much biomass as those outside as well as larger individuals of some species (e.g. elasmobranchs). The depth strata identified do not coincide with those sampled in existing trawl survey programmes in the Sicilian Channel, which were set up without reference to demersal assemblage structure and its relation to depth. It is therefore clear that characterisation of the biotic assemblages is important in order to obtain a better sampling representation of each depth-stratum/assemblage type, and this should be considered in the survey design.
Persistence and volatility of real exchange rates: the role of supply shocks revisited

This paper re-examines the role of supply shocks for real exchange rate fluctuations. First, in a structural VAR analysis, we combine long run and sign restrictions to identify productivity and non-productivity supply shocks. Second, we show that a variance decomposition in the frequency domain generates quantitatively different results compared to the standard forecast error variance decomposition. In particular, productivity shocks are the most important driver of US real effective exchange rate fluctuations at low frequencies, while real demand shocks are more salient at high frequencies. We use the spectrum at frequency zero to structurally decompose the persistence of the real exchange rate. Supply shocks explain more than half of the persistence of the exchange rate.
Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality among Children Aged 0-59 Months with Severe Acute Malnutrition Admitted to Stabilization Center at Sekota Hospital Waghemra Zone

Background: The mortality rate of children with complicated severe acute malnutrition that receive treatment in inpatient set ups has remained unacceptably high. Such high mortality in inpatient units has been attributed to either co-morbidity such as Human Immune Virus, Tuberculosis, diarrhea and malaria or due to poor adherence to the World Health Organization therapeutic guidelines for the management of severe acute malnutrition. Objective: To assess survival status and identify the predictors of mortality among children aged 0-59 months with severe acute malnutrition admitted to stabilization center in Sekota hospital, Waghemra zone of Amhara region. Method: A retrospective cohort was conducted on 415 children aged 0-59 months who were admitted for complicated severe acute malnutrition at Sekota hospital from January1/2011 to December 30/2013. The data collection was undertaken from March 15-25, 2014 using standardized checklist. Data were cleaned, edited and entered by Epi data version 3.1. and analysed by SPSS version 16.0. Descriptive summary of child characteristics and outcome of interests were computed by using tables, graphs and Kaplan Meier curves. After checking for assumptions Cox- proportional regression model was used to identify the potential predictors of survival status. Finally variables that had P-value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were candidates for multivariate analysis to determine independent predictors of mortality. Results: From 441 expected samples, the data were collected on 415 children with baseline records. The most frequently 185(44.6%) associated co-morbid was diarrhoea. Independent predictors of mortality were Malaria (AHR= 2.13, 95% CI = 1.12.7.15), severe anemia (AHR = 6.71, 95% CI: 3.22, 13.97). And TB (AHR= 2.88, 95%CI = 1.72, 4.65). Other predictors of mortality of the children were: children not supplemented folic acid (AHR=2.30, 95% CI=1.54, 3.4), not supplemented for vitamin A (ARH= 1.53, 95% CI= 1.05, 2.24) and children not managed by intravenous antibiotic (AHR= 2.73, 95%CI = 1.9, 4.0). Conclusion: The overall mortality among children aged 0-59 months with complicated SAM admitted to Sekota hospital was higher than the minimum SPHERE standard for stabilization centers. The majority of death was attributed to malaria, severe anemia, TB and mismanagement of complicated severe acute malnutrition. So improving this gap may have paramount effect on child survival.
235 TAXES , GROWTH AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE OECD COUNTRIES-DOES COLLECTIVE BARGAINING MATTER ?

This paper analyses how collective bargaining affects the level and structure of labour and capital taxes in OECD countries by using cross-country-time-series data. Corporatist countries are found to have higher effective labor taxes on average during the 19701996 period. Effective capital taxes, in turn, are higher in the countries where union membership is higher. Estimation results suggest that reduction in the effective labor taxes decreases unemployment only in the unionized countries with decentralized wage bargaining. The capital taxes have only a small distorting effect on per-capita GDP growth, but there is no conclusive evidence on neither direct or indirect effect of the labor taxes on growth. Small or non-existent distortionary effects of capital and labour taxes on growth can be due to the potential efficiency gains arising from redistributive taxation. Potential efficiency gains of redistribution are supported by the finding that inequality seem to have a negative effect on per-capita GDP growth.
Effect of hybrid, inoculant and storage time on whole plant nitrogen compounds and grain total zein content in maize silage

The study examined the influence of hybrid, long-term storage and inoculants addition on fermentation profile and grain total zein content in whole plant maize (Zea mays L.) ensiled in laboratory silos. Three yellow maize hybrids were grown under identical conditions in a split-plot field test in five replicates. Replicates were either untreated or mixed with the lactic acid bacterial additive (Sil-All 4x4, Danstar Ferment, Zug, Switzerland) at a concentration of 1 x 106 CFU · g−1, then ensiled in 30-dm3 laboratory silos for one year. Silages were sampled after 3, 8 and 52 weeks, when whole plant crude protein, soluble crude protein, ammonium-N, lactic acid and grain total zein contents were assayed. Although crude protein level did not vary significantly during one-year storage, soluble crude protein and ammonium-N contents increased, while grain total zein content decreased. Addition of inoculant was associated with higher lactic acid concentration and lower grain total zein content at all time points. The greatest grain total zein degradation was found after week 52, and this growth was accompanied by a decline in lactic acid content. Trends were similar across the three tested hybrids, though the magnitude of changes differed significantly. The simultaneous decrease in grain total zein content and lactic acid content strongly suggests proteolytic zein degradation during prolonged storage.
ENRICHMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC CO 2 IN THE GROWTH AND QUALITY OF MINI WATERMELON FRUIT CV . SMILE IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER

The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of the mini watermelon plant under salinity and different levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The experiment was carried out at the National Center of Agricultural Informatics Research (CNPTIA Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Informática Agropecuária) in two different growth chambers. In the first growth chamber, the mini watermelon plants were irrigated with saline water at two different levels of electrical conductivity (ECw = 1 and 5 dS.m-1) and with an increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration to 800ppm. In the second growth chamber, the mini watermelon plants were irrigated with saline water as previously described and with the atmospheric CO2 concentration at 400ppm.The increase of CO2 concentration provided an increase of both size and mass of the fruits, even in plants under salt stress. Thus, the results demonstrate that the increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration provides a greater development of fruits of the mini watermelon and it can be used to improve the production even under salt stress caused by irrigation water.
Simulated aerodynamic loading of an SH-60B helicopter in a ship's airwake

Christopher H Kääriä Department of Engineering University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK c.h. kaaria@liv.ac. uk James S Forrest Department of Engineering University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK james.forrest@liv.ac. uk Ieuan Owen Department of Engineering University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK i.owen@liv.ac. uk Gareth D Padfield Department of Engineering University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK gareth.padfield@liv.ac. uk
Hydrophysical degradation associated with hiking‐trail use: a case study of Hawai'iloa Ridge Trail, O'ahu, Hawai'i

Recreational activities can have significant impacts on geomorphic and hydrologic processes in drainage basins, often out of proportion to their areal extent. With increased stress on hiking trails nationwide, there is a need to characterize the impacts of human trampling on soil properties. We examine an 810 m segment of Hawai'iloa Ridge Trail (O'ahu, Hawai'i, USA). Soil compaction and surface erosion on moderate to steeply sloping sites have degraded the trail environment. Bulk density, penetration resistance, and vane shear strength were significantly higher on the trail than in adjacent undisturbed areas, with median differences ranging from 29 to 120 per cent. With compaction and exposure of subsoil on the trail, void ratio, air‐filled porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, effective and preferential porosity were significantly lower, with relative change values ranging from 23–93 per cent. No significant changes were noted in meso‐ or micro‐porosity, but macropores with a radius of >110 μm decreased significantly by 58 per cent for on‐trail locations. This comprehensive dataset indicates that hiking stress is deleterious to the soil–hydrologic system. Data point to a trail system that would be dominated by Hortonian overland flow and this was supported by field evidence during a storm event. Increased runoff has incised rills on some trail segments and there is evidence that run‐on to adjacent side slopes has lead to accelerated erosion. Management on most trails in Hawai'i, including the one studied, is limited, but from our data it is apparent that on‐trail sites directly influenced by an overhanging canopy of rapidly growing (aggressive) exotics were least impacted due to increased organic contributions to the surface and root network development. These data will allow land managers to more effectively address the potential geomorphic and hydrologic impacts of recreational land use. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of growing media on seedling growth of African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)

Adansonia digitata L. is a major multipurpose tree species which has an important economic value not only for food but also medicine and fibre. A pot experiment was conducted in the net-shade at Botswana College of Agriculture from January to May 2014 to evaluate the growth response of A. digitata potted seedlings to different growth media. T he experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments each replicated four times. The four treatments were as follows; top garden soil (TGS), top forest soil (TFS), commercial compost (CC) and a mixture of the three (TGS+TFS+CC) being treatments 1-4, respectively. The results revealed a non-significant treatment effect (p>0.05) on plant height across treatments in weeks 2 and 4. The mixture (TGS+TFS+CC) significantly (p 0.05) treatment effect was observed in A. digitata seedling leaf number across treatments in weeks 2 and 4. The number of leaves were significa ntly (p<0.05) higher in the TGS+TFS+CC treatment in weeks 8 and 10and highly significant in week 12. The collar girth of A. digitata seedlings was significantly (p<0.01) lower in the commercial compost than other treatments in the first two weeks following transplanting. A non-significant treatment effect was observed in weeks 4 and 6, but the collar girth was significantly increased in the TGS+TFS+CC treatment from week 10 until the end of the study. The TGS+TFS+CC treatment significantly (p<0.01) increased both total (roots + shoots) fresh and dry weights. TGS revealed significantly (p<0.05) lower plant biomass than the TFS and the TGS+TFS+CC treatments. Based on these results the soil mixture (TGS+TFS+CC) is recommended as the most suitable medium that can be used by tree growers to propagate A.digitata seedlings.
Let Them Eat Lunch: The Impact of Universal Free Meals on Student Performance

This paper investigates the impact of extending free school lunch to all students, regardless of income, on academic performance in New York City middle schools. Using a difference-in-difference design and unique longitudinal, student level data, we derive credibly causal estimates of the impacts of “Universal Free Meals” (UFM) on test scores in English Language Arts (ELA) and mathematics, and participation in school lunch. We find UFM increases academic performance by as much as 0.059 standard deviations in math and 0.083 in ELA for non-poor students, with smaller, statistically significant effects of 0.032 and 0.027 standard deviations in math and ELA for poor students. Further, UFM increases participation in school lunch by roughly 11.0 percentage points for non-poor students and 5.4 percentage points for poor students. We then investigate the academic effects of school lunch participation per se, using UFM as an instrumental variable. Results indicate that increases in school lunch participation improve academic performance for both poor and non-poor students; an additional lunch every two weeks increases test scores by roughly 0.08 standard deviations in math and 0.07 standard deviations in ELA. Finally, we explore potential unintended consequences for student weight outcomes, finding no evidence that UFM increases probability of obesity or overweight, or BMI. Results are robust to an array of alternative assumptions about sample and specifications. JEL No. I24, I38, H52
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE AMONG COMPANIES LISTED IN EAST AFRICA

There is an existing gap on the relationship between board characteristics and capital structure among companies listed in East Africa. Using correlation research design, the study sought to investigate the relationship between board characteristic and capital structure in 2009 to 2013. Specifically the study established the relationship between capital structure and board size, board independence, CEO duality as well as education diversity moderating effect. The sample of this study was 78 listed companies in East Africa (56 in Kenya, 8 in Uganda, 14 in Tanzania). The study was based on secondary data which was collected from the published annual reports for listed companies spanning five years (2009-2013). Fixed effects regression analysis was used together with descriptive statistics such as mean, median and standard deviation was used to summarize the data. The results revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between board size, independent directors, education diversity and capital structure. There is an inverse significant relationship between CEO duality and capital structure. There is need to promote board independence, increase board size to the optimal size and discourage CEO duality.
Time-Related Changes in Volatile Compounds during Fermentation of Bulk and Fine-Flavor Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Beans

Chocolate is one of the most consumed foods worldwide and cacao fermentation contributes to the unique sensory characteristics of chocolate products. However, comparative changes in volatiles occurring during fermentation of Criollo, Forastero, and Nacional cacao—three of the most representative cultivars worldwide—have not been reported. Beans of each cultivar were fermented for five days and samples were taken every 24 hours. Volatiles from each sample were adsorbed into a solid phase microextraction fiber and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Aroma potential of each compound was determined using available databases. Multivariate data analyses showed partial clustering of samples according to cultivars at the start of the fermentation but complete clustering was observed at the end of the fermentation. The Criollo cacao produced floral, fruity, and woody aroma volatiles including linalool, epoxylinalool, benzeneethanol, pentanol acetate, germacrene, α-copaene, aromadendrene, 3,6-heptanedione, butanal, 1-phenyl ethenone, 2-nonanone, and 2-pentanone. Nacional cacao produced fruity, green, and woody aroma volatiles including 2-nonanone, 3-octen-1-ol, 2-octanol acetate, 2-undecanone, valencene, and aromadendrene. The Forastero cacao yielded floral and sweet aroma volatiles such as epoxylinalool, pentanoic acid, benzeneacetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. This is the first report of volatiles produced during fermentation of Criollo, Forastero, and Nacional cacao from the same origin.
Electron heating at Saturn's bow shock

Collisionless shock waves are a widespread phenomenon in both solar system and astrophysical contexts. The nature of energy dissipation at such shocks is of particular interest, especially at high Mach numbers. We use data taken by the Cassini spacecraft to investigate electron heating at Saturn's bow shock, one of the strongest collisionless shocks encountered by spacecraft to date. Measurements of the upstream solar wind ion parameters are scarce due to spacecraft pointing constraints and the absence of an upstream monitor. To address this, we use solar wind speed predictions from the Michigan Solar Wind Model. Since these model predictions are based on near-Earth solar wind measurements, we restrict our analysis to bow shock crossings made by Cassini within ±75 days of apparent opposition of Earth and Saturn. An analysis of the resulting set of 94 crossings made in 2005 and 2007 reveals a positive correlation between the electron temperature increase across the shock and the kinetic energy of an incident proton, where electron heating accounts for between ∼3% and ∼7% of this incident ram energy. This percentage decreases with increasing Alfven Mach number, a trend that we confirm continues into the hitherto poorly explored high–Mach number regime, up to an Alfven Mach number of ∼150. This work reveals that further studies of the Saturnian bow shock will bridge the gap between the more modest Mach numbers encountered in near-Earth space and more exotic astrophysical regimes where shock processes play central roles.