Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Corpus Study of Pseudogapping and Its Theoretical Consequences

This paper presents the results of a large-scale investigation of the use of NP-remnant pseudogapping (PG) in the COCA corpus. Discourse conditions on the use of noncomparative and comparative PG are discussed. It is shown that the data raise problems for mainstream generative analyses involving remnant-raising and an alternative interpretive analysis is suggested. The question of whether PG is a subcase of VPE is discussed.
Insecticidal property of Datura stramonium L. seed extracts against Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored wheat grains

The insecticidal property of Datura stramonium seed extracts against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae was tested in the laboratory. The experiments were conducted at (28±3) C and (78±3) % relative humidity. It was observed that Soxhlet’s extracted extracts of D. stramonium seed in ethanol, chloroform and acetone were very effective to control the pest while extracts in methanol and n-hexane gave poor results. The probit analysis of data demonstrated that LD10, LD50 and LD90 values for ethanol, chloroform and acetone extracts was LD10 = 2.962, 3.080, 0.4752 ml/Kg, LD50 = 8.594, 7.379, 1.185 ml/Kg and LD90 = 24.94, 17.67, 2.957 ml/Kg respectively for 96 hrs. These results suggest that the mortality increased with increase in concentration as well as exposure time and the extracts of D. stramonium seed may be of high value in grain storage against S. oryzae, especially in subsistence agriculture where the plants are locally available to farmers with little resources. Hence, we conclude that extracts of D. stramonium seed served as being a potential insecticidal agent can be used against rice weevil, S. oryzae after proper dose formulation to prevent infestation in wheat and even other grains during storage.
SUPERCONDUCTIVE AND INSULATING INCLUSIONS FOR LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR CONDUCTIVITY EQUATIONS

We detect an inclusion with infinite conductivity from boundary measurements represented by the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the conductivity equation. We use both the enclosure method and the probe method. We use the enclosure method to prove partial results when the underlying equation is the quasilinear $p$-Laplace equation. Further, we rigorously treat the forward problem for the partial differential equation $\operatorname{div}(\sigma\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{p-2}\nabla u)=0$ where the measurable conductivity $\sigma\colon\Omega\to[0,\infty]$ is zero or infinity in large sets and $1
Non-indigenous hydromedusae in California's upper San Francisco Estuary: life cycles, distribution, and potential environmental impacts*

Two species of hydromedusae, assumed to be native to the Black and Caspian Seas, were routinely collected in Suisun Slough, California, at the Suisun City Marina, during late summer and fall of 1997. Suisun Slough connects directly with Suisun Bay, part of the biologically complex and commercially important upper San Francisco Estuary, and with San Francisco Bay via San Pablo Bay. Maeotias marginata (Modeer 1791), has been previously reported (as M. inexspectata ) from the Petaluma River, another tributary entering San Pablo Bay, while an as-yet undetermined species of Moerisia represents a new distributional record for this genus in the eastern Pacific. Morphologies of the adults and immature growth stages of medusae of both species are described. The polyp stages of both species were reared in the laboratory following spawning of adult medusae collected from the field. Both species are apparently representative of the robust and aggressive Black and Caspian Seas brackish water fauna, many species of which have been introduced into estuarine habitats worldwide. The potential of these planktonic predators to alter zooplankton communities and feed directly on larval and juvenile stages of threatened native and commercially valuable estuary fish species are all possible, but remain uninvestigated.
Ocimum gratissimum impairs gut glucose absorption but enhances water absorption in Streptotozocin induced diabetic rats

The handling of ingested glucose by the gut is important in the regulation of postprandial glucose concentrations and, hence glycaemic control and absorption of water is secondary to solute absorption. This study therefore assesses the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) and treatment with Ocimum gratissimum (OG) on gut glucose and water absorption. Phytochemical analysis and LD50 of OG was conducted as preliminary studies. Diabetes was induced in group 2; diabetic untreated group (DM group) and 3; diabetic treated group (DMTgroup) with a single i.p dose of 65mg/kg of Streptotozocin (STZ), with the later treated with 1500mg/kg of OG. Tissue sections for histology were obtained by standard method and absorption of fluid and glucose conducted by the everted sac technique. The result showed that glucose uptake was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the DM and DMT groups compared to the control while the fluid uptake in the DMT group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the DM group and lowest in the control group. OG treatment reduces glucose absorption but increases gut fluid intake. It is possible that the hypoglycemic effect of OG may be related to reduction in intestinal glucose absorption. This appears to be at the expense of the integrity of the intestinal epithelium.
FROM STARBURST TO QUIESCENCE: TESTING ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK IN RAPIDLY QUENCHING POST-STARBURST GALAXIES

Post-starbursts are galaxies in transition from the blue cloud to the red sequence. Although they are rare today, integrated over time they may be an important pathway to the red sequence. This work uses Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the Galaxy Evolution Explorer, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer observations to identify the evolutionary sequence from starbursts to fully quenched post-starbursts (QPSBs) in the narrow mass range log M(M☉) = 10.3–10.7, and identifies “transiting” post-starbursts (TPSBs) which are intermediate between these two populations. In this mass range, ∼0.3% of galaxies are starbursts, ∼0.1% are QPSBs, and ∼0.5% are the transiting types in between. The TPSBs have stellar properties that are predicted for fast-quenching starbursts and morphological characteristics that are already typical of early-type galaxies. The active galactic nucleus (AGN) fraction, as estimated from optical line ratios, of these post-starbursts is about three times higher (≳ 36% ± 8%) than that of normal star forming galaxies of the same mass, but there is a significant delay between the starburst phase and the peak of nuclear optical AGN activity (median age difference of ≳ 200 ± 100 Myr), in agreement with previous studies. The time delay is inferred by comparing the broadband near–NUV-to-optical photometry with stellar population synthesis models. We also find that starbursts and post-starbursts are significantly more dust obscured than normal star forming galaxies in the same mass range. About 20% of the starbursts and 15% of the TPSBs can be classified as “dust-obscured galaxies” (DOGs), with a near–UV-to-mid–IR flux ratio of ≳ 900, while only 0.8% of normal galaxies are DOGs. The time delay between the starburst phase and AGN activity suggests that AGNs do not play a primary role in the original quenching of starbursts but may be responsible for quenching later low-level star formation by removing gas and dust during the post-starburst phase.
Effect of Host Plant on the Potential ofPaecilomyces fumosoroseus(Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) for Controlling the Silverleaf Whitefly,Bemisia argentifolii(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Greenhouses

Abstract We determined host plant effect on susceptibility of the silverleaf whitefly,Bemisia argentifolii, to the entomopathogenic fungusPaecilomyces fumosoroseus. Whiteflies were reared on three vegetable species (cucumber, cabbage, and tomato) and three cultivars of tomato (Heatwave, Better Boy, and Rutgers). Second instars were sprayed with 5 × 104conidia/cm2ofPfr97, aP. fumosoroseusstrain, used as a microbial control agent of whiteflies. Trials were conducted in an experimental greenhouse, where temperature and relative humidity were adjusted to favor infection (22–33°C, and 68–100% RH). Larval susceptibility to fungal infection was high and not significantly affected by the host plant. Mortality was > 70% 1 week after treatment and increased further during the second week. Percentages of cadavers with subsequent production of conidia observed in the greenhouse did not vary significantly either with the host vegetable species (85–93% 7 days after treatment and 99–100% 14 days after treatment), or with the cultivar of tomato (96–97% 7 days after treatment and 99–100% 14 days after treatment). After incubation under optimal laboratory conditions, the percentages based on the total number of sporulating cadavers (includingin situsporulating individuals and cadavers sporulating afterin vitroincubation) were not significantly influenced either by host vegetable or cultivar of tomato. According to the conditions prevailing in the series of experiments with the three vegetable species or in the series of experiments with the three cultivars of tomatoes, the production of newly formed conidia varied from approximately 10,000 to 18,000 conidia/cadaver. However, in both series, there was no significant influence of the host vegetable species or cultivar. The survival of the newly formed conidia harvested 7 days following treatment reached more than 50% but was not affected by host plant. These results indicate thatP. fumosoroseusshows potential as a microbial control agent for controllingB. argentifoliion greenhouse crops.
Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions (RECONCILE): activities and results

The international research project RECONCILE has addressed central questions regarding polar ozone depletion, with the objective to quantify some of the most relevant yet still uncertain physical and chemical processes and thereby improve prognostic modelling capabilities to realistically predict the response of the ozone layer to climate change. This overview paper outlines the scope and the general approach of RECONCILE, and it provides a sum-mary of observations and modelling in 2010 and 2011 that have generated an in many respects unprecedented dataset to study processes in the Arctic winter stratosphere. Prin-cipally, it summarises important outcomes of RECONCILE including (i) better constraints and enhanced consistency on the set of parameters governing catalytic ozone destruction cycles, (ii) a better understanding of the role of cold binary aerosols in heterogeneous chlorine activation, (iii) an improved scheme of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) processes that includes heterogeneous nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and ice on non-volatile background aerosol leading to better model parameterisations with respect to denitriﬁcation, and (iv) long transient simulations with a chemistry– climate model (CCM) updated based on the results of RECONCILE that better reproduce past ozone trends in Antarctica and are deemed to produce more reliable predictions of future ozone trends. The process studies and the global simulations conducted in RECONCILE show that in the Arctic, ozone depletion uncertainties in the chemical and microphysical processes are now clearly smaller than the sensitivity to dynamic variability.
The effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection on the corneal endothelial cells : systematic review

*Corresponding author: Esmaeil Safinezhad. Cornea Research Center, Khatam Al-Anbia Eye Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail: safinezhade901@mums.ac. ir Tel: 09173750423 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection on the corneal endothelial cells : systematic review
Secondary Teachers' Views on Social Competence

The purpose of this study was to examine secondary teachers' expectations of student behavior, to identify differences and similarities between middle and high school teachers, as well as between general and special education teachers. Teachers (N = 240) identified which of 30 social skills were essential for classroom success. Results indicated that while middle and high school teachers are relatively similar in their expectations regarding cooperation and self-control skills, they have different opinions about the importance of assertion skills. However, none of the assertion items was rated by the majority of respondents as critical for success by any of the subgroups (program type, secondary level). Findings also indicated that secondary level and program type were associated with the importance placed on assertion skills. These variables, as well as credential status, were also associated with teachers' ratings about cooperation skills. Implications for prereferral interventions, inclusive programming, and transitioning from middle school to high school are discussed.
Darker eggshell spotting indicates lower yolk antioxidant level and poorer female quality in the Eurasian Great Tit (Parus major)

ABSTRACT Protoporphyrin pigment causes the red-brown eggshell colors; however, for many species, the function of this pigment is unknown. It has been proposed that eggshell pigmentation may strengthen the shell or that it may be a sexually selected signal, which advertises the quality of the female and that of her offspring to the male parent. In this study, we aimed to discover whether protoporphyrin-based eggshell pigmentation patterns of Eurasian Great Tits (Parus major) were related to female or egg quality. Additionally, we tested whether different methods of eggshell pigmentation estimation could be reliable predictors of eggshell protoporphyrin levels. We found that spot intensity, spot size, spotting coverage, and brown spot chroma indicated the protoporphyrin pigment concentration of the eggshell. Our results revealed that Eurasian Great Tit females that laid eggs with darker pigmentation had more lymphocytes in their circulation and had paler yellow breast and lower UV plumage reflectance, possibly indicating poorer health and individual quality. However, we did not find evidence that eggshell pigmentation patterns indicated the body condition, body size, or plasma oxidative status of females. Furthermore, we found that eggs with darker spots contained lower concentrations of antioxidants in the yolk. High protoporphyrin levels may be detrimental to females as they may cause oxidative damage, and this may be why birds that laid eggs with darker spots deposited lower amounts of antioxidants into the egg yolk. Shell spot darkness may also indicate territory quality, as females that laid smaller clutches also laid eggs with higher eggshell pigmentation levels. Thus, our results suggest that shell spot darkness may indicate the state of health of the female, egg yolk antioxidant level, and possibly also the quality of the territory.
Financial Accounting Numbers and the Emerging Nigerian Stock Market

Using the sample of companies quoted on the Nigeria Stock Exchange, we investigate the extent to which financial accmmting nwnbers are reflectingin their stock price; indicating their value relevance. Accormting data is deemed value relevant if it is significantly connected with the stock price. The methods used for measuring information contents of various accmmting nwnbers were Random Effects Model (REM), Fixed Effects Model (FEM) and Ordinary Least Squared (OLS). The findings reveal that there is a major correlation between financial accmmting mnnbers and prices of the firms' stock compiled on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). Dividends, earnings and net book value are the most commonly used accormting information for making investment decisions in Nigeria. Dividends are more value relevant than earnings and net book value. The study therefore recommends that the quality of earnings of firms be enhanced as manipulated earnings (which have dividends as sub-sets) have large impact on prices of share. The study also has as its recommendation that all quoted companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange publish Simplified Investor's Swnmary Accmmts (SISA) emphasizing on the accmmting information most widely used along the required obligatory thorough financial statements to fit Nigerian individuality.
Effect of temperature on weight increase, survival, and thermal preference of juvenile redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus

The objective was to determine the effect of temperature on the development of Australian crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus juveniles and its thermal preference under laboratory conditions. The determination of the effect of temperature was made based on the results of growth and survival of juvenile crayfish C. quadricarinatus. The crayfish were cultivated and fed with commercial shrimp pellets for 90 days at four different temperatures (20, 25, 28, and 31 °C). The greatest weight increase and total biomass were obtained at 28 °C and the highest survival (83%) at 25 °C. The thermal preference of crayfish after the assay was also examined in crayfish of each treatment. The thermal preference of crayfish was always between 23 °C and 26 °C
AN EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN STOCK PRODUCTIVITY AND CONSEQUENCES FOR MANAGEMENT. AN EXAMPLE BASED ON NORTH ATLANTIC ALBACORE THUNNUS ALALUNGA

2SUMMARY Reference points are important elements of fisheries management and the supporting scientific advisory frameworks. However, fish stocks can fluctuate extensively over a large range of spatial and temporal scales independent of human exploitation and there has been a classical tendency to assume a dichotomy, i.e., that changes in fish populations are primarily attributable either to exploitation or to environmental variability. Therefore we look at variability in surplus production and examine the relative impacts of the environment and exploitation on the productivity of North Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga). The analysis revealed that variations were driven by environmental effects. It was also found that substantial variations in time-series of biomass and catch could be expected even under a constant F equal to FMSY.
Estimating Voter Registration Deadline Effects with Web Search Data

Electoral rules have the potential to affect the size and composition of the voting public. Yet scholars disagree over whether requiring voters to register well in advance of Election Day reduces turnout. We present a new approach, using web searches for “voter registration” to measure interest in registering, both before and after registration deadlines for the 2012 U.S. presidential election. Many Americans sought information on “voter registration” even after the deadline in their state had passed. Combining web search data with evidence on the timing of registration for 80 million Americans, we model the relationship between search and registration. Extrapolating this relationship to the post-deadline period, we estimate that an additional 3–4 million Americans would have registered in time to vote, if deadlines had been extended to Election Day. We test our approach by predicting out of sample and with historical data. Web search data provide new opportunities to measure and study information-seeking behavior.
Underwater components of humpback whale bubble-net feeding behaviour

Summary Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) employ a unique and complex foraging behaviour — bubble-netting — that involves expelling air underwater to form a vertical cylinder-ring of bubbles around prey. We used digital suction cup tags (DTAGs) that concurrently measure pitch, roll, heading, depth and sound (96 kHz sampling rate), to provide the first depiction of the underwater behaviours in which humpback whales engage during bubble-net feeding. Body mechanics and swim paths were analysed using custom visualization software that animates the underwater track of the whale and quantifies tag sensor values. Bubble production was identified aurally and through spectrographic analysis of tag audio records. We identified two classes of behaviour (upward-spiral; 6 animals, 118 events and double-loop; 3 animals, 182 events) that whales used to create bubble nets. Specifically, we show the actual swim path of the whales (e.g., number of revolutions, turning rate, depth interval of spiral), when and where in the process bubbles were expelled and the pattern of bubble expulsion used by the animals. Relative to other baleanopterids, bubble-netting humpbacks demonstrate increased manoeuvrability probably aided by a unique hydrodynamicly enhanced body form. We identified an approximately 20 m depth or depth interval limit to the use of bubble nets and suggest that this limit is due to the physics of bubble dispersal to which humpback whales have behaviourally adapted. All animals were feeding with at
SME adoption of e-Commerce in the Central Okanagan region of Canada

The adoption of e-commerce by small-medium enterprises (SME) in Canada remains low. The Central Okanagan region of British Columbia is typical in terms of the relative density of SMEs’ e-commerce activity. In this study, a survey of SMEs’ adoption of e-commerce was conducted to determine reasons for this low adoption. Constructs used in the survey focussed on three contexts: organizational, external environmental and innovation. The study found significant factors that differentiated adopters and non-adopters of e-commerce included technological opportunism and readiness, owner experience with computers, support within the organization, relative advantage and compatibility. Limitations of the study’s sample size preclude generalization to all Canadian SMEs, but the trends suggest that further research should be a priority for government, industry and research academics.
Invasive trees show only weak potential to impact nutrient dynamics in phosphorus‐poor tropical forests in the Seychelles

Summary 1. Some invasive alien plants accelerate nutrient turnover in the ecosystem because the litter they produce has a high specific leaf area (SLA), high concentrations of nutrients and low concentrations of lignin and polyphenolics, and therefore decomposes rapidly. These litter properties are typical of plants from nutrient-rich but not nutrient-poor ecosystems, and we therefore hypothesize that species that successfully invade nutrient-poor ecosystems might not exhibit them. We tested our hypothesis in a nutrient-poor tropical forest on a granitic island in the Seychelles. 2. Leaf litter properties and annual decomposition rates of six native and six invasive woody species were compared in a field experiment. Each species group included two pioneer, two understorey and two canopy species. We also compared soil fertility under trees of Cinnamomum verum (dominant alien canopy tree), Falcataria moluccana (alien pioneer N-fixing tree) and Northea hornei (dominant native canopy tree), measuring total nutrient concentrations and nutrient absorption by ion exchange resins. 3. Within the ecological groups of pioneer and canopy species, litter of invasive species had higher mean values of SLA (120% higher) and leaf N concentration (80% higher), and litter decomposition was 40%‐80% faster (rate k ) than for native species; however, there were no such differences in the group of understorey species. Soils sampled under the three tree species differed little in nutrient concentrations. 4. The results indicate that even on the very nutrient-poor soils of the granitic Seychelles, some pioneer invasive species produce more decomposable litter and therefore have the potential to alter rates of nutrient cycling. However, the small differences in soil fertility beneath native and invasive trees suggest that impacts of invasive species on nutrient cycling are more complex and less predictable in nutrient-poor ecosystems, where several nutrients may be co-limiting, and native and alien species coexist.