Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A framework for evaluation and optimization of relevance and novelty-based retrieval

There has been growing interest in building and optimizing retrieval systems with respect to relevance and novelty of information, which together more realistically reflect the usefulness of a system as perceived by the user. How to combine these criteria into a single metric that can be used to measure as well as optimize retrieval systems is an open challenge that has only received partial solutions so far. Unlike relevance, which can be measured independently for each document, the novelty of a document depends on other documents seen by the user during his or her past interaction with the system. This is especially problematic for assessing the retrieval performance across multiple ranked lists, as well as for learning from user's feedback, which must be interpreted with respect to other documents seen by the user. Moreover, users often have different tolerances towards redundancy depending on the nature of their information needs and available time, but this factor is not explicitly modeled by existing approaches for novelty-based retrieval. In this thesis, we develop a new framework for evaluating as well as optimizing retrieval systems with respect to their utility, which is measured in terms of relevance and novelty of information. We combine a nugget-based model of utility with a probabilistic model of user behavior; this leads to a flexible metric that generalizes existing evaluation measures. We demonstrate that our framework naturally extends to the evaluation of session-based retrieval while maintaining a consistent definition of novelty across multiple ranked lists. Next, we address the complementary problem of optimization, i.e., how to maximize retrieval performance for one or more ranked lists with respect to the proposed measure. Since the system does not have knowledge of the nuggets that are relevant to each query, we propose a ranking approach based on the use of observable query and document features ( e.g., words and named entities) as surrogates for the unknown nuggets, whose weights are automatically learned from user feedback. However, finding the ranked list that maximizes the coverage of a given set of nuggets leads to an NP-hard problem. We take advantage of the sub-modularity of the proposed measure to derive lower bounds on the performance of approximate algorithms, and also conduct experiments to assess the empirical performance of a greedy algorithm under various conditions. Our framework provides a strong foundation for modeling retrieval performance in terms of non-independent utility of documents across multiple ranked lists. Moreover, it allows accurate evaluation and optimization of retrieval systems under realistic conditions, and hence, enable rapid development and tuning of new algorithms for novelty-based retrieval without the need for user-centric evaluations involving human subjects, which, although more realistic, are expensive, time-consuming, and risky in a live environment.
Grammar, Prosody, and Turn Expansionin Second Language Conversations

The role of grammar in conversation has been investigated in studies of native speaker (NS) discourse that examine the syntactic, prosodic, and pragmatic resources necessary for the organization of turns and the negotiation of social practices (Couper-Kuhlen & Ford, 2004; Golato, 2005; Lerner, 2004; Ochs, Schegloff, & Thompson, 1996; Schegloff, 2007; Taleghani-Nikazm, 2006). These studies demonstrate, among other things, how various resources are utilized by NSs of different languages to negotiate speech acts in interaction (e.g., requests and compliments) including conversational practices such as delay, collaborative turn sequences, and the construction/expansion of turns in conversation. While various conversational practices have been examined in learner-NS conversations (Cf. Gardner & Wagner, 2005; Kasper, 2006), little systematic attention has been given to how learners in a foreign language (FL) context employ their grammatical resources in a second language to organize and expand their turns when talking with a NS of the target language. Similarly, although the role of prosody has been examined in NS conversations (Couper-Kuhlen & Ford, 2004; Ford & Thompson, 1996), there has been little research on prosodic cues such as intonation and syllable lengthening as projections of the next Turn-Constructional Unit in-progress in second language conversation. The objective of the current study, therefore, is to examine how learners of Spanish as a FL utilize grammatical resources, including increment initiators (e.g., y ‘and’, pero ‘but’), epistemic expressions (e.g., no sé ‘I don’t know’, creo ‘I believe’, pienso ‘I think’), and prosodic cues (intonation, duration) to organize and expand their turns during the discussion of sensitive topics in face-to-faceconversations with a NS of the target language.
Enhancing remote sensing image retrieval using a triplet deep metric learning network

ABSTRACT With the rapid growing of remotely sensed imagery data, there is a high demand for effective and efficient image retrieval tools to manage and exploit such data. In this letter, we present a novel content-based remote sensing image retrieval (RSIR) method based on Triplet deep metric learning convolutional neural network (CNN). By constructing a Triplet network with metric learning objective function, we extract the representative features of the images in a semantic space in which images from the same class are close to each other while those from different classes are far apart. In such a semantic space, simple metric measures such as Euclidean distance can be used directly to compare the similarity of images and effectively retrieve images of the same class. We also investigate a supervised and an unsupervised learning methods for reducing the dimensionality of the learned semantic features. We present comprehensive experimental results on two public RSIR datasets and show that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art.
Influence of Organics and Bio Fertilizers on Biochemical Properties of Calendula officinalis L.

The present study was carried out to investigate biochemical responses of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) to Bio-organic fertilizers. Effects of co-inoculation of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Azotobacter sp.145PI and Azospirillum sp.AC49I), humic acid (HA) (10 kg ha−1), vermicompost (VC) (7 T ha−1) and combinations of these treatments were evaluated in two marigold cultivars [Isfahan double flower (DF) and single flower (SF)]. The biosynthesis of leaf protein, soluble and insoluble carbohydrate contents were increased in treated plants, while total free amino acid content was not influenced by treatments. Fertilizers also had positive impact on leaf and flower pigments, total flavonoid content, and total phenolic contents. Maximum amounts of anthocyanins were obtained in the DF cultivar treated by VC+PGPR and VC, which were 11.414 and 11.192 µmol g-1 FW, respectively. The SF cultivar treated by PGPR (36.11 %) and also the same cultivar treated by VC (33.39 %) had the highest antioxidant activities. In general, simultaneous application of fertilizers and also vermicompost were recognized as the best treatment for marigold plants. In conclusion, the ﬁndings of the current study confirmed that chemical composition and antioxidant activity of marigold can be positively influenced by Bio-organic fertilizers; therefore they can be used to obtain medicinal plants with improved quality during sustainable agricultural practices.
Preparation of azadirachta indica alkaline phosphatase loaded egg albumin and bovine serum albumin nanoparticles

Azadirachta indica is rich source of alkaline phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase are known for their industrial application in food and pharmaceutical industries. The extracted alkaline phosphatase was encapsulated into biochemically active egg albumin and BSA nanoparticles with butanol and glutaraldehyde. Achieved encapsulation was 69% when egg albumin (EA) used and 85% was observed when bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used. Characterization of prepared albumin nanoparticles was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Observed size of enzyme loaded nanoparticles was reported up to 80nm when egg albumin was used and up to 100m when bovine serum albumin was used for encapsulating the Azadirachta indica alkaline phosphatase. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Alkaline phosphatase, Bovine serum albumin, Egg albumin, Encapsulation
An estimate of network database transaction volume to support personal communications services

Network databases will be essential to support wide area connectivity between personal communications services (PCS) users for a variety of data management functions ranging from user mobility to communications security. The authors present a model for real-time database query and update processes associated with user mobility, registration/deregistration activity and call delivery. The mean and probability distribution of database transaction volume are then estimated both analytically and by Monte Carlo simulations. The authors' results indicate that for PCS in a regional calling area, the real-time query rate is an order of magnitude higher than the near-term load of intelligent network databases, and in addition, a substantial amount of real-time updates is required. <<ETX>>
L3 acquisition of English attributive adjectives: Dominant language of communication matters for syntactic cross-linguistic influence

This study examines three L3 transfer proposals, namely the L1 Factor ( Hermas, 2010 , 2014a , 2014b ), the CEM ( Flynn et al., 2004 ) and the TPM ( Rothman, 2010 , 2011 , 2013 , 2015 ) as well as investigates the role of the language of dominance in L3 acquisition of English attributive adjectives. Three groups of bilinguals took part in this study: L1 Mazandarani/L2 Persian, with Mazandarani as the dominant language of communication, L1 Mazandarani/L2 Persian, with Persian as the dominant language of communication and L1 Persian/L2 Mazandarani, with Persian as the dominant language of communication. The results of a grammaticality judgment task and an element rearrangement task show that the predictions of the above-mentioned L3 transfer proposals were not realized. Instead, the dominant language of communication turns out to be the main source of syntactic crosslinguistic influence at the initial stages of L3 acquisition, irrespective of its status as an L1 or L2.
Error Modeling and Design Optimization of Parallel Manipulators

Parallel mechanism based robotic manipulators feature higher performance in terms of accuracy, rigidity, speed and payload over the serial manipulators and they have found the industrial applications in many fields. Nevertheless, the design and application of parallel manipulators face many challenges due to their highly nonlinear behaviors, thus, the parameter and performance analysis, especially the accuracy and stiffness, are particularly important. Toward the requirements of robotic technology such as light weight, compactness, high accuracy and low energy consumption, utilizing optimization technique in the design procedure is a suitable approach to handle these complex tasks. As there is no unified design guideline for the parallel manipulators, the study described in this thesis aims to provide a systematic analysis for this type of mechanisms in the early design stage, focusing on accuracy analysis and design optimization. The proposed approach is illustrated with the planar and spherical parallel manipulators. The geometric design, kinematic and dynamic analysis, kinetostatic modeling and stiffness analysis are also presented. Firstly, the study on the geometric architecture and kinematic problem of the planar and spherical parallel manipulators is carried out. The kinematic problem is the basis for further study of mechanisms, which includes the development of the kinematic closure equation, derivation of the kinematic Jacobian matrix, input-output expression of velocity and accelerations, dynamic modeling etc. Next, the first-order differential equation of the kinematic closure equation of planar parallel manipulator is obtained to develop its error model both in Polar and Cartesian coordinate systems. The established error model contains the error sources of actuation error/backlash, manufacturing and assembly errors and joint clearances. From the error prediction model, the distributions of the pose errors due to joint clearances are mapped within its constant-orientation workspace and the correctness of the developed model is validated experimentally.
Idea Sharing: Do Students Learn Better through a More Entertaining Way? The Case of Taiwan EFL Students.

This article aims at sharing with the readers two ways of English vocabulary learning based upon a small-scale study conducted in Taiwan. The participants of this study were one hundred and three university students randomly chosen from universities in Taiwan. They received questionnaires and vocabulary teaching videos through e-mail or Facebook. The distributed questionnaires contained demographic questions and vocabulary pre-tests and post-tests. The videos were composed of two different modalities of vocabulary teaching. In modality one, the vocabulary was presented with an explanation of the roots of the words, similar words, and related words. In modality two, the vocabulary was exhibited with a short play introducing the Chinese assonance of the target word and a short funny story using that 270 | PASAA Vol. 51 January June 2016 sound. The results indicated that the participants received higher vocabulary post-test scores when watching the modality two videos.
Introduction To Transportation Engineering

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Media And Crime

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Condensation By-Products in Wet Peroxide Oxidation: Fouling or Catalytic Promotion? Part I. Evidences of an Autocatalytic Process

The present work is aimed at the understanding of the condensation by-products role in wet peroxide oxidation processes. This study has been carried out in absence of catalyst to isolate the (positive or negative) effect of the condensation by-products on the kinetics of the process, and in presence of oxygen, to enhance the oxidation performance. This process was denoted as oxygen-assisted wet peroxide oxidation (WPO-O2) and was applied to the treatment of phenol. First, the influence of the reaction operating conditions (i.e., temperature, pH0, initial phenol concentration, H2O2 dose and O2 pressure) was evaluated. The initial phenol concentration and, overall, the H2O2 dose, were identified as the most critical variables for the formation of condensation by-products and thus, for the oxidation performance. Afterwards, a flow reactor packed with inert quartz beads was used to facilitate the deposition of such species and thus, to evaluate their impact on the kinetics of the process. It was found that as the quartz beads were covered by condensation by-products along reaction, the disappearance rates of phenol, total organic carbon (TOC) and H2O2 were increased. Consequently, an autocatalytic kinetic model, accounting for the catalytic role of the condensation by products, provides a well description of wet peroxide oxidation performance.
Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of Nickel adsorption onto Thespesia Populnea bark as biosorbent from aqueoussolutions

The removal of selective metal ion like Ni2+ ion in aqueous solution were investigated by adsorption process on low cost activated carbon prepared from Thespesia Populnea bark(TPC). In this study, the effect of temperature, pH and initial concentration of metal ion on the biosorption capacities, Kinetics of adsorption and adsorption isotherms have been studied. Also various thermodynamic parameters such as , and were calculated. According to the results, Thespesia Populnea bark is recommended as cheapest and available bio adsorbent to removal of toxic metal ions from industrial waste water.
Synthesis of Symmetrically and Unsymmetrically para-Functionalized p-Quaterphenylenes

Oligo-p-phenylenes have proven to be versatile building blocks for the generation of self-assembled nanoaggregates with in- teresting optical properties via vapor deposition on solid supports. Preliminary studies have shown that both the properties and the morphologies of these aggregates can be influenced by the introduc- tion of functional groups. To this end, we have developed general approaches to the synthesis of symmetrically and unsymmetrically 1,4¢¢¢-substituted p-quaterphenylenes through the application of a reliable Suzuki cross-coupling strategy.
10 ps timing with highly irradiated 3D trench silicon pixel sensors

In this paper the results of a beam test characterization campaign of 3D trench silicon pixel sensors are presented. A time resolution in the order of 10 ps was measured both for non-irradiated and irradiated sensors up to a fluence of 2.5 × 1016 1 MeV neq cm−2. This feature and a detection efficiency close to 99% make this sensors one of the best candidates for 4D tracking detectors in High-Energy-Physics experiments.
Cognitive aging and human computer interface design

This paper aims to provide an introduction for HCI researchers to findings on cognitive aging relevant to interface design. The paper begins with a brief examination of the relevance of studying cognitive aging in relation to design issues. The paper next reviews evidence, mainly from the psychological literature on aging, on age-related changes to memory, learning, attention and intelligence. These effects are examined in relation to their possible relevance to interface design. The paper concludes by considering possible directions for future research.
Stereochemically Constrained Linear Peptides. Conformations of Peptides Containing \alpha-Aminoisobutyric Acid

1H NMR studies of the protected \alpha-aminoisobutyric acid containing peptides Z-Aib-Pro-Aib-Ala-OMe and Z-Aib-Pro-Aib-OMe suggest that these molecules adopt well-defined conformations in solution. Evidence for type III \beta-bend structures is presented and an incipient $3_{10}$ helical conformation is proposed for the tetrapeptide. The interpretation of the NMR data is further substantiated by the crystal structure of the tetrapeptide. which shows two consecutive type III \beta bends in the solid state.
The signatures of the parental cluster on field planetary systems

Due to the high stellar densities in young clusters, planetary systems formed in these environments are likely to have experienced perturbations from encounters with other stars. We carry out direct N-body simulations of multiplanet systems in star clusters to study the combined effects of stellar encounters and internal planetary dynamics. These planetary systems eventually become part of the Galactic field population as the parental cluster dissolves, which is where most presently known exoplanets are observed. We show that perturbations induced by stellar encounters lead to distinct signatures in the field planetary systems, most prominently, the excited orbital inclinations and eccentricities. Planetary systems that form within the cluster's half-mass radius are more prone to such perturbations. The orbital elements are most strongly excited in the outermost orbit, but the effect propagates to the entire planetary system through secular evolution. Planet ejections may occur long after a stellar encounter. The surviving planets in these reduced systems tend to have, on average, higher inclinations and larger eccentricities compared to systems that were perturbed less strongly. As soon as the parental star cluster dissolves, external perturbations stop affecting the escaped planetary systems, and further evolution proceeds on a relaxation time-scale. The outer regions of these ejected planetary systems tend to relax so slowly that their state carries the memory of their last strong encounter in the star cluster. Regardless of the stellar density, we observe a robust anticorrelation between multiplicity and mean inclination/eccentricity. We speculate that the ‘Kepler dichotomy’ observed in field planetary systems is a natural consequence of their early evolution in the parental cluster.
Postharvest suppression of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on peach through application of n-propyl dihydrojasmonate

Control of gray mold disease ( Botrytis cinerea ) and change of endogenous plant hormones, ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in peach ( Prunus persica L. Batsch ‘Akatsuki’ ) treated with n -Propyl dihydrojasmonate (PDJ) were investigated. Peaches were compared between non-PDJ dipping (control) and 400 µM-PDJ dipping before inoculation with B. cinerea conidial suspension stored at 25°C for 6 days. The results showed that PDJ application significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) disease symptoms and lesion diameter, meanwhile, this application induced the accumulation of ethylene production, JA, and ABA concentration. The upstream expression level of PpACS1 (1-aminocyclo-propane- 1-carboxylic acid synthase) and PpAOS (allene oxide synthase) genes in PDJ application were significantly higher in the peaches inoculated with B. cinerea than the control. In contrast, PDJ application decreased ester and lactone compounds which are the major volatile compound of peach. However, alcohol and aldehyde compounds were increased by the PDJ application. These results suggested that PDJ application delayed the infection of B. cinerea through accumulation of ethylene, endogenous JA, and ABA in peach.
Vapor phase association in acetic and trifluoroacetic acids. Thermal conductivity measurements and molecular orbital calculations

Thermal conductivity measurements are reported for the vapors of acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid in the temperature range 350 to 415 K over the pressure range 100 to 2000 Torr. Very large enhancements of the thermal conductivity were found and analysis of the data is consistent with a monomer-dimer equilibrium for both vapors. The standard thermodynamic parameters for the dimerization reactions are -. delta.H/sub 2/ = 14.64 kcal mol/sup -1/ and -. delta.S/sub 2/ = 35.50 cal mol-/sup 1/ K/sup -1/ for acetic acid, and -. delta.H/sub 2/ = 13.66 kcal mol-/sup 1/ and -. delta.S/sub 2/ = 36.15 cal mol-/sup 1/ K/sup -1/ for trifluoroacetic acid. No evidence was found for the presence of significant amounts of associated species larger than the dimer. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were performed on the monomers and dimers of both acids to determine the lowest energy structures.