Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis: Preface

The third edition of Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis surveys the contributions that economic analysis has made to our understanding of why multinational enterprises exist and what consequences they have for the workings of the national and international economies. It shows how economic analysis can explain multinationals' activity patterns and how economics can shed conceptual light on problems of business policies and managerial decisions arising in practice. It addresses the welfare problems arising from multinationals' activities and the logic of governments' preferences and choices in their dealings with multinationals. Suitable for researchers, graduates and upper-level undergraduates. The third edition of this highly accessible book incorporates the many additions to our knowledge of multinationals accumulated in research appearing in the past decade.
Visceral regeneration in the crinoid Antedon mediterranea: basic mechanisms, tissues and cells involved in gut regrowth

Crinoids are able to regenerate completely many body parts, namely arms, pinnules, cirri, and also viscera, including the whole gut, lost after self-induced or traumatic mutilations. In contrast to the regenerative processes related to external appendages, those related to internal organs have been poorly investigated. In order to provide a comprehensive view of these processes, and of their main events, timing and mechanisms, the present work is exploring visceral regeneration in the feather star Antedon meditteranea. The histological and cellular aspects of visceral regeneration were monitored at predetermined times (from 24 hours to 3 weeks post evisceration) using microscopy and immunocytochemistry. The overall regeneration process can be divided into three main phases, leading in 3 weeks to the reconstruction of a complete functional gut. After a brief wound healing phase, new tissues and organs develop as a result of extensive cell migration and transdifferentiation. The cells involved in these processes are mainly coelothelial cells, which after trans-differentiating into progenitor cells form clusters of enterocytic precursors. The advanced phase is then characterized by the growth and differentiation of the gut rudiment. In general, our results confirm the striking potential for repair (wound healing) and regeneration displayed by crinoids at the organ, tissue and cellular levels.
DETERMINAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK MAHASISWA KELAS PENGANTAR BISNIS

ABSTRACT This research tests the determinant academic performance for a sample of fundamental business class. The determinant consist degree of class participation, gender, studying time and part time work as predictor of academic performance. Population of this research is all of new student at first semester from accounting education department at IKIP PGRI Madiun. In this study, sample consist 109 students from three fundamental business class. Hypothesis test of this research uses multiple regression analysis. Classical assumption test and test of normality also use in this research. The results show that: class participation positively affects on student academic performance; gender negatively affects on student academic performance; studying time had no affects on student academic performance; part time work had no affects on student academic performance. Keywords : class participation, gender, studying time, part time work, student performance.
An intracellular wave of cytochrome c propagates and precedes Bax redistribution during apoptosis

Bax is considered to be pivotal in inducing cytochrome c release (CCR) from mitochondria during apoptosis. Indeed, Bax redistributes to the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) upon activation and forms homo-multimers that are capable of permeabilizing the MOM. Our attempts to image this sequence of events in single live cells resulted in unexpected observations. Bax redistribution exhibited two distinct components: an early minor redistribution that was silent in terms of homo-multimerization and a major late redistribution that was synchronous with the formation of Bax multimers, but that proceeded belatedly, i.e. only after caspase 3/7 (C3/7) had already been activated. Intriguingly, neither of these two components of redistribution correlated with CCR, which turned out to be spatially organized, propagating as a traveling wave at constant velocity. Strikingly, propagation of the CCR wave (1) preceded signs of in situ Bax conformational activation; (2) appeared to be independent of autocatalytic loops involving a positive feedback of either C3/7, Ca2+ mobilization or mitochondrial permeability transition; and (3) was triggered by diffuse stimulation with the synthetic Bak activator BH3I-1 but then proceeded independently of Bak activation. Thus, the CCR wave not only questions the exact role of Bax redistribution in cell death, but also indicates the existence of yet unidentified positive-feedback loops that ensure a spatiotemporal control of apoptosis at the subcellular scale.
Role of Coping With Symptoms in Depression and Disability: Comparison Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Abdominal Pain

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and abdominal pain of functional origin (AP) are common gastrointestinal disorders in children, which are associated with increased risk for depression and disability. Both symptom severity and coping with symptoms may contribute to these outcomes. We hypothesized that children with AP use different coping strategies compared with those with IBD for a number of reasons, including the fact that fewer treatment options are available to them. We also examined whether coping was related to depression and functional disability beyond the contributions of symptom severity. Methods: The study method included secondary data analysis of 2 existing data sets including 200 children with AP (73% girls, mean age 11.2 years) and 189 children with IBD (49% girls, mean age 13.8 years). Results: Compared with patients with IBD, patients with AP reported more use of coping strategies of self-isolation, behavioral disengagement, and catastrophizing, as well as problem solving and seeking social support. Multivariate analyses revealed that, in both samples, ≥1 coping strategies were associated with depression and functional disability, independent of symptom severity, and controlling for age and sex. In IBD, symptoms were not a significant predictor of depression but coping was. Catastrophizing predicted depression and disability in both samples. Conclusions: Patients with AP report more frequent use of several of the coping strategies we measured compared with patients with IBD. Certain types of coping, particularly catastrophizing, were associated with greater depression and functional disability in both groups. Clinicians should be aware of maladaptive coping, which may be a risk factor for poor psychosocial and functional outcomes in both patient groups.
Synoptic and meteorological drivers of extreme ozone concentrations over Europe

The present work assesses the relationship between local and synoptic meteorological conditions and surface ozone concentration over Europe in spring and summer months, during the period 1998–2012 using a new interpolated data set of observed surface ozone concentrations over the European domain. Along with local meteorological conditions, the influence of large-scale atmospheric circulation on surface ozone is addressed through a set of airflow indices computed with a novel implementation of a grid-by-grid weather type classification across Europe. Drivers of surface ozone over the full distribution of maximum daily 8 h average values are investigated, along with drivers of the extreme high percentiles and exceedances or air quality guideline thresholds. Three different regression techniques are applied: multiple linear regression to assess the drivers of maximum daily ozone, logistic regression to assess the probability of threshold exceedances and quantile regression to estimate the meteorological influence on extreme values, as represented by the 95th percentile. The relative importance of the input parameters (predictors) is assessed by a backward stepwise regression procedure that allows the identification of the most important predictors in each model. Spatial patterns of model performance exhibit distinct variations between regions. The inclusion of the ozone persistence is particularly relevant over southern Europe. In general, the best model performance is found over central Europe, where the maximum temperature plays an important role as a driver of maximum daily ozone as well as its extreme values, especially during warmer months.
Effect of resistant starch on the intestinal health of old dogs: fermentation products and histological features of the intestinal mucosa†

The effects of resistant starch (RS) intake on nutrient digestibility, microbial fermentation products, faecal IgA, faecal pH, and histological features of the intestinal mucosa of old dogs were evaluated. The same formulation was extruded in two different conditions: one to obtain elevated starch cooking degree with low RS content (0.21%) and the other lower starch cooking with high RS content (1.46%). Eight geriatric Beagles (11.5 ± 0.38 years old) were fed each diet for 61 days in a crossover design. Food intake, nutrient digestibility, fermentation products, faecal pH, and faecal IgA were examined via variance analysis. Histological results of intestinal biopsies were assessed via Wilcoxon test for paired data. The morphometric characteristics of large intestine crypts were evaluated via paired t tests (p < .05). Protein, fat, and energy digestibilities were higher for the low-RS diet (p < .05). Dogs receiving the high-RS diet had lower faecal pH and higher values for propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids, and lactate (p < .05). No differences between diets were found in the histological parameters of the gut mucosa, and only a tendency for deeper crypts in the descending colon was observed for dogs fed the high-RS diet (p = .083). The intake of a corn-based kibble diet manufactured with coarse ground raw material and low starch gelatinization to obtain 1.4% of RS affected microbial fermentation products and faecal pH and tended to increase crypt depth in the descending colon of old dogs.
Preventing and Treating Homesickness

Homesickness is the distress and functional impairment caused by an actual or anticipated separation from home and attachment objects such as parents. It is characterized by acute longing and preoccupying thoughts of home. Almost all children, adolescents, and adults experience some degree of homesickness when they are apart from familiar people and environments. Pediatricians and other health care professionals are in a unique position to assist families in understanding the etiology, prevention, and treatment of homesickness. In the case of planned separations, such as summer camp, techniques are provided that may aid in prevention. In the case of unanticipated or traumatic separations, such as hospitalization, effective treatment strategies are available.
New sandwich type detector module and its characteristics for dual x-ray baggage inspection system

Using two phosphor screens based on Gd2O2S:Tb and linear array 16 channel photodiodes, new dual-energy detector was designed and fabricated for X-ray baggage inspection system. By simulation, we derived optimum detector structure and proved that the combination of Lanex regular for LED and Lanex fast-B for HED with 1.5 mm copper filter in the HED had the same performance as a commercial dual-energy detector. After fabrication of our own designed linear array photodiode and data acquisition, X-ray test was performed at the condition of 140 kVp /0.8 mA and Z-map was derived using two phantoms of aluminum and acryl. As a result, the phosphor screen coupled detectors showed better uniformity property and similar separation ability as the commercial one provided.
Refining duration and frequency thresholds of restless legs syndrome diagnosis criteria

Objective: This study assesses the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) using DSM-5 criteria and determines what is the most appropriate threshold for the frequency and duration of RLS symptoms. Methods: The Sleep-EVAL knowledge base system queried the interviewed subjects on life, sleeping habits, and health. Questions on sleep and mental and organic disorders (DSM-5, ICD-10) were also asked. A representative sample of 19,136 noninstitutionalized individuals older than 18 years living in the United States was interviewed through a cross-sectional telephone survey. The participation rate was 83.2%. Results: The prevalence of the 4 leg symptoms describing RLS occurring at least 1 d/wk varied between 5.7% and 12.3%. When the frequency was set to at least 3 d/wk, the prevalence dropped and varied between 1.8% and 4.5% for the 4 leg symptoms. Higher frequency of leg symptoms was associated with greater distress and impairment with a marked increase at 3 d/wk. Symptoms were mostly chronic, lasting for more than 3 months in about 97% of the cases. The prevalence of RLS according to DSM-5 was 1.6% (95% confidence interval 1.4%–1.8%) when frequency was set at 3 d/wk. Stricter criteria for frequency of restless legs symptoms resulted in a reduction of prevalence of the disorder. The prevalence was further reduced when clinical impact was taken into consideration. Conclusions: In order to avoid inflation of case rates and to identify patients in whom treatment is truly warranted, using a more conservative threshold of 3 times or greater per week appears the most appropriate.
Apoptosis and T-cell depletion during feline infectious peritonitis

Cats that have succumbed to feline infectious peritonitis, an immune-mediated disease caused by variants of feline coronaviruses, show apoptosis and T-cell depletion in their lymphoid organs. The ascitic fluid that develops in the course of the condition causes apoptosis in vitro but only in activated T cells. Since feline infectious peritonitis virus does not infect T cells, and viral proteins did not inhibit T-cell proliferation, we postulate that soluble mediators released during the infection cause apoptosis and T-cell depletion.
Fatty Acid Substrate Specificities of Human Prostaglandin-endoperoxide H Synthase-1 and −2

Human prostaglandin-endoperoxide H synthase-1 and −2 (hPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2) were expressed by transient transfection of COS-1 cells. Microsomes prepared from the transfected cells were used to measure the rates of oxygenation of several 18- and 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates including eicosapentaenoic, arachidonic, dihomo--linolenic, α-linolenic (Δ), -linolenic, and linoleic acids. Comparisons of k/Kvalues indicate that the order of efficiency of oxygenation is arachidonate > dihomo--linolenate > linoleate > α-linolenate for both isozymes; while the order of efficiency was the same for hPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2, α-linolenate was a particularly poor substrate for hPGHS-1. -Linolenate and eicosapentaenoate were poor substrates for both isozymes, but in each case, these two fatty acids were better substrates for hPGHS-2 than hPGHS-1. These studies of substrate specificities are consistent with previous studies of the interactions of PGHS isozymes with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that have indicated that the cyclooxygenase active site of PGHS-2 is somewhat larger and more accommodating than that of PGHS-1. The major products formed from linoleate and α-linolenate were characterized. 13-Hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoic acid was found to be the main product formed from α-linoleate by both isozymes. The major products of oxygenation of α-linolenate were determined by mass spectrometry to be 12-hydroxy-(9Z,13E/Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoic acids. This result suggests that α-linolenate is positioned in the cyclooxygenase active site with a kink in the carbon chain such that hydrogen abstraction occurs from the 5-position in contrast to abstraction of the 8-hydrogen from other substrates.
Substance P induction of murine keratinocyte PAM 212 interleukin 1 production is mediated by the neurokinin 2 receptor (NK‐2R)

Abstract: The neurological system plays an important role in modulating some inflammatory skin diseases. Neuro‐cutaneous interactions may be mediated by the release of neuropeptides such as substance P (SP) which activate immunocompetent cells in the skin by binding to high affinity neurokinin receptors (NKR). Since epidermal keratinocytes produce a variety of cytokines and are intimately associated with cutaneous sensory fibers, we tested the ability of these cells to participate in the cutaneous neuroimmune system by the secretion of potent cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL‐1) in response to released SP. RT‐PCR studies demonstrated that cultured PAM 212 murine keratinocytes expressed mRNA for NK‐2R but not NK‐1R. Correspondingly, the addition of SP to these cells resulted in a rapid increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels that could be specifically blocked by an NK‐2R antagonist. NK‐2R was also shown in normal mouse epidermis by immunohistochemistry. SP augmented the expression of PAM 212 keratinocyte IL‐1α mRNA in a dose and time dependent manner and this induction was inhibited by an NK‐2R antagonist. Secretion of bioactive IL‐1α by the PAM 212 keratinocytes was likewise stimulated by SP in a dose dependent manner. These data support the hypothesis that SP released from cutaneous sensory nerves contributes to neuroimmune inflammatory responses in the skin by modulating the expression and release of cytokines from epidermal keratinocytes.
The Use of Vacuum‐Assisted Closure Therapy for the Treatment of Lower‐Extremity Wounds with Exposed Bone

&NA; Lower‐extremity wounds with exposed tendon, bone, or orthopedic hardware present a difficult treatment challenge. In this series of patients, subatmospheric pressure therapy was applied to such lower‐extremity wounds. Seventy‐five patients with lower‐extremity wounds, most of which were the result of trauma, were selected for this study. Dressings made of sterile open‐cell foam with embedded fenestrated tubing were contoured to the wound size and placed into the wound. The site was covered with an adhesive plastic sheet. The sheet was placed beneath any external fixation devices, or the fixation device was enclosed within the sheet. The tubing was connected to the vacuum‐assisted closure pump. Continuous subatmospheric suction pressure (125 mmHg) was applied to the wound site. The wounds were inspected and the dressings were changed every 48 hours. Vacuum‐assisted closure therapy greatly reduced the amount of tissue edema, diminishing the circumference of the extremity and thus decreasing the surface area of the wound. Profuse granulation tissue formed rapidly, covering bone and hardware. The wounds were closed primarily and covered with split‐thickness skin grafts, or a regional flap was rotated into the granulating bed to fill the defect. Successful coverage was obtained without complication in 71 of 75 patients. Wounds have been stable from 6 months up to 6 years. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 108: 1184, 2001.)
H3 Relaxin Is a Specific Ligand for LGR7 and Activates the Receptor by Interacting with Both the Ectodomain and the Exoloop 2*

Leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) represent a unique subgroup of G protein-coupled receptors with a large ectodomain. Recent studies demonstrated that relaxin activates two orphan LGRs, LGR7 and LGR8, whereas INSL3/Leydig insulin-like peptide specifically activates LGR8. Human relaxin 3 (H3 relaxin) was recently discovered as a novel ligand for relaxin receptors. Here, we demonstrate that H3 relaxin activates LGR7 but not LGR8. Taking advantage of the overlapping specificity of these three ligands for the two related LGRs, chimeric receptors were generated to elucidate the mechanism of ligand activation of LGR7. Chimeric receptor LGR7/8 with the ectodomain from LGR7 but the transmembrane region from LGR8 maintains responsiveness to relaxin but was less responsive to H3 relaxin based on ligand stimulation of cAMP production. The decreased ligand signaling was accompanied by decreases in the ability of H3 relaxin to compete for 33P-relaxin binding to the chimeric receptor. However, replacement of the exoloop 2, but not exoloop 1 or 3, of LGR7 to the chimeric LGR7/8 restored ligand binding and receptor-mediated cAMP production. These results suggested that activation of LGR7 by H3 relaxin involves specific binding of the ligand to both the ectodomain and the exoloop 2, thus providing a model with which to understand the molecular basis of ligand signaling for this unique subgroup of G protein-coupled receptors.
Agglomeration, Urban Wage Premiums, and College Majors

The aim of this paper is to examine the manner and extent to which worker skill type affects agglomeration economies that contribute to productivity in cities. I use college majors to proxy for skill types among workers with a Bachelor’s degree. Workers with college training in information-oriented and technical fields (e.g. STEM areas such as Engineering, Physical Sciences, and Economics) are associated with economically important within-field agglomeration economies and also generate sizeable spillovers for workers in other fields. In contrast, within-field and across-field spillovers for workers with college training in the arts and humanities are much smaller and often non-existent. While previous research suggests proximity to college-educated workers enhances productivity, these findings suggest that not all college educated workers are alike. Instead, positive spillover effects appear to derive mostly from proximity to workers with college training in information-oriented and technical fields.
Association of Incident, Clinically Undiagnosed Radiographic Vertebral Fractures With Follow‐Up Back Pain Symptoms in Older Men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study

Prior data in women suggest that incident clinically undiagnosed radiographic vertebral fractures (VFs) often are symptomatic, but misclassification of incident clinical VF may have biased these estimates. There are no comparable data in men. To evaluate the association of incident clinically undiagnosed radiographic VF with back pain symptoms and associated activity limitations, we used data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, a prospective cohort study of community‐dwelling men aged ≥65 years. A total of 4396 men completed spine X‐rays and symptom questionnaires at baseline and visit 2, about 4.6 years later. Incident clinical VFs during this interval were defined by self‐reported clinical diagnosis plus community imaging showing a centrally adjudicated ≥1 increase in semiquantitative (SQ) grade in any thoracic or lumbar vertebra versus baseline study X‐rays. Incident radiographic VFs (≥1 increase in SQ grade between baseline and visit 2 study X‐rays) were categorized as radiographic‐only (not clinically diagnosed) or radiographic plus clinical (also clinically diagnosed). Multivariable‐adjusted log binomial regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Men with incident radiographic plus clinical VF were most likely to have back pain symptoms and associated activity limitation at follow‐up. However, versus men without incident VF, those with incident radiographic‐only VF also were significantly more likely at follow‐up to report any back pain (70% versus 59%; PR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1 to 1.3]), severe back pain (8% versus 4%; PR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1 to 3.3]), bother from back pain most/all the time (22% versus 13%; PR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3 to 2.2]), and limited usual activity from back pain (34% versus 18%; PR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.5 to 2.4]). Clinically undiagnosed, incident radiographic VFs were associated with an increased likelihood of back pain symptoms and associated activity limitation. Results suggest incident radiographic‐only VFs often were symptomatic, and were associated with both new and worsening back pain. Preventing these fractures may reduce back pain and related disability in older men. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.