Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migraine Headaches and Anger

Previous studies found a relationship between the onset of migraine headaches and negative affect (anger, depression, and anxiety). Suppressed anger, or anger turned inward, was found to be an aspect of migraine headaches. This study attempted to support previous research on anger-in. The Anger Disorders Scale (ADS-VI-R) was used. This is a new instrument developed specifically to assess multidimensional aspects of anger, especially in clinical populations. No evidence was found to support significantly different levels for the trait of anger-in, between the control group and the migraine headache groups. Coercion, a form of anger turned outward, was found to be significant between the outpatient general medical migraine headache group and the nonheadache control group. Those in treatment for migraine headaches were found to be no different from control subjects on mean scores on the instrument.
Nighttime Stomatal Conductance and Transpiration in C3 and C4 Plants1[W]

Incomplete stomatal closure during the night is observed in a diverse range of C3 and C4 species ([Fig. 1][1] ; Supplemental Table S1) and can lead to substantial nighttime transpirational water loss. Although water loss is an inevitable consequence of stomatal opening for photosynthetic carbon gain
Predictors of postabsorptive ghrelin secretion after intake of different macronutrients.

CONTEXT Release of ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone regulating feeding and energy balance, is blunted in obesity, a condition associated with insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE The objective was to identify anthropometric and metabolic predictors of postabsorptive ghrelin secretion. DESIGN We evaluated ghrelin, insulin, glucose, and leptin secretion overnight and after intake of different macronutrients. SUBJECTS Ten obese subjects (age, 31.8 +/- 2.5 yr; body mass index, 43.4 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)) and six lean subjects (age, 33.5 +/- 2.4 yr; body mass index, 21.8 +/- 1.4 kg/m(2)) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were resting energy expenditure (REE); fat mass; nighttime approximate entropy (ApEn) and synchronicity (cross-ApEn) of ghrelin, insulin, and leptin; insulin sensitivity by homeostatic model approach insulin-sensitivity (HOMA-S%); postabsorptive area under the curve (AUC); and Delta of ghrelin, insulin, glucose, and leptin after carbohydrate-, lipid-, and protein-rich test meals. RESULTS Nighttime ApEn scores were higher in obese than lean subjects (P < 0.01). Cross-ApEn revealed a synchronicity between ghrelin-insulin, ghrelin-leptin, and insulin-leptin in both groups. Compared with baseline, ghrelin decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in lean and obese subjects after carbohydrates (42.2 vs. 28.5%; P < 0.05), lipids (40.2 vs. 26.2%; P < 0.01), and proteins (42.2 vs. 26.3%; P < 0.01) devoid of between-meal ghrelin differences. Significant associations occurred between nocturnal ghrelin ApEn and insulin (r = 0.53; P < 0.05), postmeal ghrelin AUCs and REE (r = -0.57; P < 0.05), and HOMA-S% (r = 0.52; P < 0.05), postmeal ghrelin Delta and HOMA-S% (r = 0.60; P < 0.05). REE (beta = -0.57; P = 0.02) and ghrelin ApEn (beta = -0.62; P = 0.01) were predictors of postmeal ghrelin AUC and Delta, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Obesity determined a decreased orderliness of ghrelin secretion and a relative loss of ghrelin-insulin synchrony. Postabsorptive ghrelin secretion decreased significantly both in obese and lean subjects, was related to insulin sensitivity, and was predicted by energy expenditure and hormone pulsatility.
What Makes Firms Innovative? The Role of Social Capital in Corporate Innovation

This paper offers a social capital explanation for the purported relationship between human capital investment and an organization’s innovation capability. We argue that social capital plays a mediating role in the relationship between the level of individual knowledge of employees and organizations’ innovation capabilities. The mediating mechanism is attributed to the role of social capital in knowledge exchange and combination that help enhance knowledge creation. Using survey data of 319 manufacturing firms in Korea, we conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis to verify the mediating role of social capital in firms’ innovation performance. The results demonstrated that relational and cognitive dimensions of social capital are important mediators in realizing organizational innovation performance.
Neuropeptide Y-related peptides and their receptors--are the receptors potential therapeutic drug targets?

A decade has passed since the discovery of neuropeptide Y (also known as neuropeptide tyrosine or NPY) by Tatemoto & Mutt (1, 2). This 36-amino-acid peptide, arguably the most abundant and widely distributed of neuropeptides discovered to date, has stimulated several thousand scientific publications . NPY seems to fulfill the main neurotransmitter criteria, since it i s stored in synaptic granulae (3), is released upon electrical nerve stimulation (4 , 5) and acts at specific receptors (e .g . 6). Initially, much NPY-related work concerned its coexistence with classical transmitters (e. g . , norepinephrine) and its possible role in cotransmission; these lines of investigation coincided with the general acceptance that neurons use multiple messenger molecules, at least one of which is commonly a peptide. NPY has been frequently used to study cotransmission, particularly in its relation to the "classical" neurotransmitter norepinephrine, in mediating sympathetic vasoconstriction (6-9) . Although the role of NPY as a modulator of coreleased transmitter remains a focus for many investigators, it has been appreciated that NPY may also be an important messenger in its own right , perhaps particularly in the brain, where NP Y
Issues of Cost and Efficiency in the Design of Reliability Studies

Summary. Reliability of continuous and dichotomous responses is usually assessed by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We derive the optimal allocation of the number of subjects k and the number of repeated measurements n that minimize the variance of the estimated ICC. Cost constraints are discussed for the case of normally distributed responses. Tables showing optimal choices of k and n are given, along with guidelines for the design of reliability studies in light of our results and those reported by others.
Evidence That Botulinum Toxin Receptors on Epithelial Cells and Neuronal Cells Are Not Identical: Implications for Development of a Non-Neurotropic Vaccine

Botulinum toxin typically interacts with two types of cells to cause the disease botulism. The toxin initially interacts with epithelial cells in the gut or airway to undergo binding, transcytosis, and delivery to the general circulation. The toxin then interacts with peripheral cholinergic nerve endings to undergo binding, endocytosis, and delivery to the cytosol. The receptors for botulinum toxin on nerve cells have been identified, but receptors on epithelial cells remain unknown. The initial toxin binding site on nerve cells is a polysialoganglioside, so experiments were performed to determine whether polysialogangliosides are also receptors on epithelial cells. A series of single mutant and dimutant forms of the botulinum toxin type A binding domain (HC50) were cloned and expressed. One of these (dimutant HC50 AW1266L,Y1267S) was shown to have lost its ability to bind nerve cells (phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation), yet it retained its ability to bind and cross human epithelial monolayers (T-84 cells). In addition, the wild-type HC50 and the dimutant HC50 displayed the same ability to undergo binding and transcytosis (absorption) in a mouse model. The fact that the dimutant retained the ability to cross epithelial barriers but did not possess the ability to bind to nerve cells was exploited to create a mucosal vaccine that was non-neurotropic. The wild-type HC50 and non-neurotropic HC50 proved to be comparable in their abilities to: 1) evoke a circulating IgA and IgG response and 2) evoke protection against a substantial challenge dose of botulinum toxin.
Fast-Delay and Low-Power Level Shifter for Low-Voltage Applications

A new level shifter is proposed in this paper that mitigates the contention problem between its pull-up and pull-down switches without suffering the delay penalty. Comparing this new one with two conventional shifters (CLS-1 and CLS-2) indicates that CLS-1 and CLS-2 have the delay times which are 308% and 26% slower than the proposed shifter when V DDL /V DDH =0.3 and the fan-out=2, respectively. In addition, the comparison of power-delay products shows CLS-2 consumes 28.5% more energy than the proposed shifter. For the layout area, the proposed shifter needs only 15% more than CLS-2. By comparing the propagation delay times, the power-delay products, and the area overhead, the proposed shifter is considered very suitable to future Very Deep Sub-Micron (VDSM) technologies with low-voltage applications.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous melanoma: a propos of 144 cases.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify the predictive factors of a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients with cutaneous malignant melanomas and tumor progression. METHODS From October of 2000 to January of 2006, 144 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma underwent SLN biopsy. Patients were divided into two groups according to the SLN status (positive vs negative) which were compared with regards to patient demographics and primary tumor characteristics. RESULTS In 37 (25.69%) patients SLN biopsy was positive . Nodular melanomas (p=0.047), blood (p=0.010) and lymph (p<0.001) vessel infiltration, mitotic rate (p=0.019) and Breslow thickness (p=0.012) were predictive of a positive SLN biopsy. The overall recurrence, mortality and the overall disease free survival (DFS) rates were 6.25, 1.4 and 93.75, respectively. CONCLUSION SLN biopsy is the most important predictor of early disease recurrence and survival in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. Considering all the examined factors, a positive SLN biopsy is related with Breslow thickness and lymph vessel infiltration.
Pulmonary nodule classification in lung cancer screening with three-dimensional convolutional neural networks

Abstract. A three-dimensional (3-D) convolutional neural network (CNN) trained from scratch is presented for the classification of pulmonary nodule malignancy from low-dose chest CT scans. Recent approval of lung cancer screening in the United States provides motivation for determining the likelihood of malignancy of pulmonary nodules from the initial CT scan finding to minimize the number of follow-up actions. Classifier ensembles of different combinations of the 3-D CNN and traditional machine learning models based on handcrafted 3-D image features are also explored. The dataset consisting of 326 nodules is constructed with balanced size and class distribution with the malignancy status pathologically confirmed. The results show that both the 3-D CNN single model and the ensemble models with 3-D CNN outperform the respective counterparts constructed using only traditional models. Moreover, complementary information can be learned by the 3-D CNN and the conventional models, which together are combined to construct an ensemble model with statistically superior performance compared with the single traditional model. The performance of the 3-D CNN model demonstrates the potential for improving the lung cancer screening follow-up protocol, which currently mainly depends on the nodule size.
HABITAT COMPLEXITY DISRUPTS PREDATOR–PREY INTERACTIONS BUT NOT THE TROPHIC CASCADE ON OYSTER REEFS

Despite recognition of the significance of both food web interactions and habitat complexity in community dynamics, current ecological theory rarely couples these two processes. Experimental manipulations of the abundance of the two predators in an oyster-reef trophic cascade, and the structural complexity provided by reefs of living oysters, demonstrated that enhanced habitat complexity weakened the strengths of trophic interactions. The system of tri-trophic interactions included oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) as the top predator that consumed the mud crab (Panopeus herbstii), which preys upon juvenile oysters (Crassostrea virginica). On reefs of low complexity, toadfish controlled mud crab abundances and indirectly determined the level of mortality of juvenile oysters. The indirect effects of toadfish on oysters emerged through their influence on how intensely mud crabs preyed on oysters. Augmentation of habitat complexity by substituting vertically oriented, living oysters for the flat shells of dead o.
Caffeine deprivation state modulates coffee consumption but not attentional bias for caffeine-related stimuli

Previous research has shown that caffeine deprivation state can exert a strong influence on the ability of caffeine to reinforce behaviour. Recent work has also found evidence for an attentional bias in habitual caffeine users. It remains unclear whether deprivation state can influence attentional bias. Here we explored the relationship between caffeine deprivation, attentional bias to caffeine-related stimuli and subsequent caffeine reinforcement measured by consumption of coffee. In three experiments, participants (between-subjects: n=28; within-subjects: n=20, within-subjects: n=20) were preloaded with either caffeine (experiments 1 and 3 : 100 mg; experiment 2 : 150 mg) or placebo, and in experiments 1 and 2 they completed a novel attentional bias task involving preattentive word recognition, and in experiment 3 a dot-probe task. In experiments 2 and 3, this was followed by a test of coffee consumption. Greater recognition for caffeine-related words (experiments 1 and 2) and faster reaction times to probes replacing caffeine-related rather than control stimuli (experiment 3) confirmed caffeine-related attentional biases, but in no case was this affected by manipulation of caffeine-deprivation state. Participants in a deprived versus nondeprived state, however, experienced increases in drowsiness and headaches (experiment 2) and reduced alertness (experiment 3). Further, coffee consumption was greatest when participants were caffeine-deprived than when they were nondeprived. Findings are discussed in relation to prevailing theories of drug addiction.
Knowledge and attitude of mothers regarding infant hearing loss in Changsha, Hunan province, China

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitude among mothers of newborns regarding infant hearing loss (HL) in Changsha, Hunan province, China. Design: A questionnaire including 18 items was given to mothers. Study sample: A total of 115 mothers participated in the study. Results: Seven risk factors for hearing loss were identified correctly by above 60% of respondents and the top three were prolonged noise (88.7%), high fever (82.6%) and ear discharge (82.6%). Poor knowledge was demonstrated on risk factors jaundice (20.0%), measles (22.6%), convulsion (33.0%) and traditional Chinese medicine (39.1%). Maternal knowledge scores in identification and intervention (2.68 ± 0.31) was slightly higher than the score in risk factors (2.47 ± 0.34). Ninety-nine per cent of the mothers expressed the willingness to test baby’s hearing soon after birth and concern about hearing. Conclusions: Mothers were concerned about baby’s hearing and the attitude was positive. However, the correct recognition rate towards some risk factors for HL was low. Action needs to be taken to raise awareness about ear and hearing care, prevent HL caused by preventable causes and prompt early identification, early diagnosis and intervention of HL.
Psychophysiological Changes following Auditory Subliminal Suggestions for Activation and Deactivation

This study was to measure eventual psychophysiological changes resulting from auditory subliminal activation or deactivation suggestions. 18 subjects were alternately exposed to a control situation and to 25-dB activating and deactivating suggestions masked by a 40-dB white noise. Physiological measures (EMG, heart rate, skin-conductance levels and responses, and skin temperature) were recorded while subjects listened passively to the suggestions, during a stressing task that followed and after that task. Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant effect of the activation subliminal suggestions during and following the stressing task. This result is discussed as indicating effects of consciously unrecognized perceptions on psychophysiological responses.
Metabolic and Cardiovascular Responses in Older Women During Shallow‐Water Exercise

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the metabolic and cardiovascular demands of shallow-water exercise in older women. Sixteen active older women who were not taking cardiac medication participated in this investigation (mean ± SE; age, 66.4 ± 1.2 years). Testing included (a) resting metabolic rate and heart rate; (b) performing 5 8-minute, evenly paced, self-selected, submaximal, shallow-water exercise bouts. Expired air was collected during the final 3 minutes of each bout while the heart rate was recorded with a Polar heart rate monitor; and (c) a 40-minute water exercise class in which heart rate was monitored. One metabolic equivalent (MET) equaled 2.7 ± 0.1 mlO2·min−1·kg−1, whereas resting heart rate was 63.4 ± 2.2 b·min−1. Average sub-maximal MET and heart rate responses for exercise bouts 1–5 ranged from 2.8 ± 0.1 to 5.8 ± 0.3 and 89.7 ± 3.0 to 119.5 ± 3.3 b·min−1, respectively. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg scale) response for bouts 1–5 ranged from 8.0 ± 0.3 to 12.5 ± 0.4. A linear relationship between MET vs. heart rate was found for each participant, with all r values greater than 0.97 (p < 0.05). The estimated MET and measured HR responses for the 40-minute water exercise class were as follows: warm-up, 4.0 ± 0.3 and 99.5 ± 3.4; body of workout, 5.2 ± 0.4 and 110.0 ± 3.8 (part 1), and 5.4 ± 0.4 and 112.3 ± 3.6 (part 2); cooldown, 3.6 ± 0.3 and 95.5 ± 3.0. The exercise intensity ranged from ∼40–61% of the predicted maximum MET, and ∼66–78% of the predicted heart rate maximum. Shallow-water exercise elicits metabolic and cardiovascular responses in older women that meet the American College of Sports Medicine exercise prescription guidelines for realizing health benefits.
Exploring the Meaning of Occupation: The Case for Phenomenology

Background. Some authors are beginning to challenge current categorisations of occupation as self-care, productivity, and leisure in favour of categories that address meaning. However, the meaning of occupation receives relatively little attention in the literature. Purpose. To provide a synthesis of the contemporary literature that considers the meaning of occupation and to argue that phenomenological insights into the meaning of occupation might usefully inform occupational therapy research, theory, and practice. Key Issues. Meaning is a key aspect of occupation. Three phenomenological meanings of occupation uncovered by a study conducted in New Zealand—the call, Being-with and possibilities—provide a starting point for practice, research, and theory informed by understandings of the lived experience of occupation. Implications. Occupational therapy's theories would benefit from an evidence base that includes meaning, which in turn would lead to authentic occupational therapy practice.
Sperm preparation for intracytoplasmic injection: methods and relationship to fertilization results.

Sperm preparation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is described and the effect of high speed centrifugation during preparation on fertilization rate is evaluated. No significant differences were found in the 2-pronuclear or abnormal fertilization rates between sibling oocytes injected with sperm prepared by swim-up or mini-Percoll combined with high speed centrifugation. The high fertilization rate obtained with both methods indicates that high speed centrifugation is not necessary to prepare sperm for ICSI. Fertilization rates were also compared for sperm obtained from ejaculates, fresh and frozen epididymal aspirates, and testicular biopsies. High fertilization rates were obtained from all groups but they were significantly higher in those oocytes injected with epididymal sperm (78% per oocyte surviving injection). The high fertilization rate with epididymal sperm may reflect sperm quality or may result from the method of sperm preparation for injection. Fertilization after the injection of sperm from which the tail was dislodged during immobilization was compared with that obtained using intact sperm. A significantly lower rate of 2-pronuclear fertilization was found in those oocytes injected with sperm heads only (55%) compared with intact sperm (68%), although cleavage rates between the two groups were similar. The use of hypo-osmotic medium to select potentially live sperm from an immotile sample is also described and fertilization was obtained after the injection of sperm with a structural defect which were selected using this technique. These results indicate that high fertilization rates can be obtained with ejaculated, epididymal and testicular sperm without special treatment. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Noradrenaline in Tardive Dyskinesia

Summary Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from 28 psychiatric (mostly schizophrenic) inpatients from Bombay, India. These included eight patients with tardive dyskinesia, five with spontaneous dyskinesia and 15 without dyskinesia. The samples were flown to the National Institute of Mental Health, Washington, D.C., where they were analyzed “blind” for concentrations of noradrenaline and several monoamine metabolites. Patients with tardive dyskinesia had significantly higher noradrenaline concentrations in the CSF as compared with the other two groups. Spontaneous dyskinesia group had significantly lower concentrations of homovanillic acid in the CSF. Our results support the hypothesis of noradrenergic hyperactivity, rather than postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity, in tardive dyskinesia.