Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The psychological impact of child sexual abuse on primary caregivers

Research on child sexual abuse (CSA) suggests that support and protection from the caregiver provide the child an effective platform for quick recovery and improvement in mental health and social functioning. Nonetheless, not all caregivers are supportive of survivors; recent research findings, instead, show that incidents of CSA have debilitating psychological impact on survivors' caregivers which impair their functioning. This study explored whether a systematic link exists between an incident ofCSAand psychological changes in caregivers, thereby justifying their psychological care. The objectives of the study were to 1) explore if a relationship exists between an incident of CSA and changes in mental health of primary caregivers of abused children and 2) identify symptoms of the psychological impact ofCSA on primary caregivers of abused children. Participants in the study were 34 caregivers of CSA survivors from at Victim Support Unit (VSU), Young Women's Christians Association (YWCA) and/or University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and a semi-structured interview schedule were used for data collection. Overall PSS scores indicated that an incident of CSA results in a debilitating psychological impact on caregivers of the survivors, there were. significant difference in the levels of perceived stress experienced by maternal caregivers (Mean rank= 19.38, n = 29) and paternal ones (Mean rank =6.60,n=5):z= 2.66,p . 01). Symptoms of psychological distress experienced by caregivers after an incident of CSA included anxiety, fear, depression, anger, insomnia, and functional impairment. About half the care givers in the study (n= 19, 55.88%) showed support and protection for their children; others (n = 15, 44.12%) were hostile toward and blamed their children for the abuse. The caregivers therefore may need psychological services to improve their mental health and provide support to their children.
The Effects of Cultural, Demographic and Occupational Variables on Individuals' Work Values and Preference for Workplace Reward Type and Allocation

There is a need for organisations and managers to acknowledge and respond to the increasing diversity in the New Zealand labour force, through making appropriate changes in structures, systems and management. By gaining a greater understanding as to how individuals differ in their work values and reward preferences, the effects of this diversity can be explored and findings could help inform the development of effective compensation systems. This study used a New Zealand sample of 521 participants to investigate the effects of cultural, demographic and occupational variables on work values and preference for workplace rewards and allocations. More specifically, it was hypothesised that differences in culture, marital status, dependents, age, managerial status and employment status would lead to differences in work values and preferences for workplace rewards and allocations. Results showed considerable support for hypotheses. Among findings, within-country cultural differences were reported for Stability work values and for financial reward preference. Certain demographics and occupational variables were also found to relate to particular work values and reward preferences. Practical implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
Remuneration Committee governance and firm performance in UK financial firms

This paper investigates the association between the Remuneration Committee (RC) on firm performance. The research uses a data span of 63 financial institutions for a period of 12 years. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Random Effects (RE) regression estimations are used. The ascertained empirical results indicate that the establishment of remuneration committee by the board is positively correlated to its performance, as measured by its Return on Assets (ROA), and is also statistically significant on the Market Value (MV) of the firm. Subsequent tests conducted show that presence of an RC had a positive and statistically significant correlation during the pre/post global financial crisis on the ROA of the firm. The MV measure during the pre-crisis indicates a positive and statistically significant impact, but only positive during the post-crisis. The findings are robust across econometric models that control for different types of endogeneity. The outcome indicates that the establishment of an RC by the board assisted in achieving a positive impact on the profitability of UK financial institutions.
Did Reform of Prudent Trust Investment Laws Change Trust Portfolio Allocation?

This paper investigates the effect of changes in state prudent trust investment laws on asset allocation in noncommercial trusts. The old prudent‐man rule favored “safe” investments and disfavored “speculation” in stock. The new prudent‐investor rule directs trustees to craft an investment portfolio that fits the risk tolerance of the beneficiaries and the purpose of the trust. Using state‐ and institution‐level panel data from 1986–97, we find that after adoption of the new prudent‐investor rule, institutional trustees held about 1.5–4.5 percentage points more stock at the expense of “safe” investments. Our findings explain roughly 10–30 percent of the overall increase in stock holdings in the period studied. The rest of the increase appears to be attributable to stock market appreciation. We conclude that, even though trust fiduciary laws are nominally default rules, institutional trustees are nonetheless sensitive to changes in those rules.
The returns to education in Indonesia: Post reform estimates

The profitability of an investment in education in Indonesia has been a discussed issue for the past decades. Both Deolalikar (1993) and Duflo (2001) provided comprehensive estimates of returns to investment in education in Indonesia and both of them argued that schooling was a profitable investment. This paper updates the evidence on the profitability of an investment in education in Indonesia, using OLS and IV approaches. It describes the statistical relationship among market earnings, years of schooling, age and job tenure (experience), and quadratics of age and tenure, marital status, male-female and rural-urban dummies. In the analysis, we use primary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 4 (IFLS4). IFLS4 is a nationally representative sample comprising 13,536 households and 50,580 individuals, spread across provinces on the islands of Java, Sumatra, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. The earnings function is estimated on three samples: a combined sample of males and females (with a female intercept shift term), and separate samples of male and female workers. The empirical results show that the returns to schooling in Indonesia are 4.72 per cent for the combined sample, 4.36 per cent for males, and 5.26 per cent for females. However, the relationship between years of schooling and earnings is not statistically significant in any of the IV estimations. We also make comparisons with the findings of Duflo (2001), based on earlier data for 1995. These comparisons enable an assessment of any changes in the ability bias over this period of market reform. The IV estimates are the same as, or greater than, the OLS estimates. This is consistent with the literature for developed countries, and suggests that ability does not attract a wage premium but may be correlated with the instruments. Although adopting the IV approach increases the estimated returns to schooling in Indonesia, these returns remain low compared to other Asian as well as less developed countries. Therefore, the market-oriented economic reforms that has been going on over the past several decades should be evaluated by the policy makers considering whether these reforms generating higher jobless growth or not and take proper policy measure, if there is any.
MODEL EFFECT ON PROJECTED MORTALITY INDICATORS

The parametric model introduced by Lee and Carter in 1992 for projecting mortality rates in the US has been a seminal development and has been widely used since then. Different versions of the model, incorporating constraints on the data, and different adjustment methods have led to improvement. All of these changes have increased the complexity of the model with a corresponding improvement in goodness of fit, however, there is little change in the accuracy of forecasts of life expectancy in comparison with the original Lee-Carter model, according to some authors. To evaluate to what point the increments in the complexity and computational cost of the models are reflected in the forecast of such indices as life expectancy and modal age at death, among others, we have compared three different models - the original Lee-Carter with one parameter and the Lee-Carter model with two temporal parameters forecasted by means of two independent time series or by means of a bivariate one. The three sets of predictions so obtained are compared using a mixture of block-bootstrap techniques and functional data analysis.
Maternal Recto-Vaginal Organisms and Surface Skin Colonization in Infants

Background: Early-onset sepsis is a common cause of neonatal mortality and mainly occurs due to the colonized microorganisms in the maternal recto-vaginal area. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal risk factors on recto-vaginal colonization and transmission rate of micro-flora from mothers to infants. Methods: Upon admission, two samples were obtained from the distal third of vagina and rectum of mothers using sterile cotton swabs. Six hours after birth, sterile swab samples were collected from the external ear canal, nose, groin, and umbilicus of the infants. The samples were transferred to the laboratory on Stuart transport medium. Afterwards, the samples were transferred to standard culture media within 24 hours. Transmission rate of organisms was calculated based on the maternal and neonatal findings. Results: In total, 13 bacterial and fungal species were detected in the samples. Escherichia coli was the most frequent gram-negative organism in the rectal and vaginal cultures (29.34) with the transmission rate of 49.4 to the infants. Infants of the mothers with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) had significant Enterobacter cloacaecolonization. In addition, frequency of Candida albicans was higher in the mothers with gestational hypertension (21.4) compared to non-hypertensive women (4.9). Infants requiring advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) had significantly higher E. coli colonization (45.1) compared to those not needing CPR (27.6). Conclusion: According to the results, gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae\xC2 ) were the most frequent organisms in the maternal recto-vaginal area and body surface of the neonates in our clinical setting. Therefore, chemoprophylaxis is recommended for these organisms in prolonged PROM. \xC2
The Relationship between Iranian EFL Students' Self-efficacy Beliefs and Critical Thinking Ability

The improvement of critical thinking and motivational factors such as self-efficacy seem to have great effects on students' academic achievements. The way in which learners identify their language learning abilities and their ability to control thinking may have a significant impact on their learning outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Iranian students' self efficacy and their critical thinking ability. To this end 50 university students majoring in English teaching in Islamic Azad university of Amol and Ghaemshahr branch have been randomly selected to fill out the two questionnaires on Self-efficacy and Critical thinking skills. The finding of the study shows a strong relationship between Iranian students' critical thinking ability and self efficacy. In other words, the higher the students' self efficacy, the higher their critical thinking ability. Generally, the finding provides empirical support that self-efficacy should be considered for developing learners' critical thinking skills.
Histological Localization of Fungal Endophytes in Healthy Tissues of Adhatoda vasica Nees

A research protocol has been developed to locate endophytic fungi present inside the healthy leaves and stems of Adhatoda vasica using the microtome technique. The surface-sterilized explants after staining with lactophenol cotton blue showed the presence of endophytic fungi in intercellular spaces of ground and dermal tissues. In transverse sections of leaf at 100 magnification, dense blue colonies of endophytic fungi in epidermis and mesophyll region were recorded, while sprinkled colonies were seen in vascular bundles. In transverse sections of stem at 100 magnification, dense colonies of endophytic fungi in phloem and slightly lesser in epidermal region were observed. Scattered colonies were also recorded in xylem and cortex tissues. The fungal colonies were also present in intracellular and extracellular regions of both explants. Further studies will be required to identify these fungal isolates through pure culture on PDA plates to explore their biosynthetic pathway.
Macrolides and Torsadogenic Risk: Emerging Issues from the FDA Pharmacovigilance Database

Introduction: Concern exists on the pro-arrhythmic potential of macrolides, namely Torsade de Pointes (TdP). Recent evidence has challenged the common opinion of considering azithromycin a safer therapeutic option, causing emerging regulatory and clinical interest. Materials and Methods: We analyzed cases of drug-induced TdP (2004-2011) submitted to the publicly available FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Four groups of mutually exclusive events were identified in decreasing order of drug-attributable risk: 1) TdP; 2) QT interval abnormalities; 3) ventricular arrhythmia (VA); 4) Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). They were combined into case definition A (TdP/QT abnormalities) and case definition B (VA/SCD). Both case-by-case analysis (information on concomitant drugs, especially QT-prolonging agents listed by Arizona CERT, and disproportionality approach (Reporting Odds Ratio, ROR, with 95%CI) were carried out. Results: Over the 8-year period, macrolides were associated with 183 and 419 cases of interest (case definition A and B, respectively). Clarithromycin was the most frequently reported (84 and 162 cases), followed by azithromycin (63 and 140). Only 27% of cases of TdP/QT abnormalities with azithromycin occurred in patients >65 years of age (63, 47 and 44% for clari-, ery- and telithromycin, respectively). In cases of TdP/QT abnormalities, concomitant QT-prolonging drugs (Arizona CERT lists 1 or 2) were recorded with a proportion very different among macrolides (11 to 89%). The highest percentage of fatal outcome was recorded for azithromycin (17%). Disproportionality was found for azithromycin, clarithromycin and telithromycin for both events of interest, whereas erithromycin showed disproportion only for TdP/QT abnormalities. Conclusions: Despite inherent limitations of spontaneous reporting analyses, the remarkable proportion of fatal cases and the occurrence of TdP-related events in middle-aged patients strengthen the view that caution is needed before considering azithromycin as a safer therapeutic option among macrolides.
Multisource assessed social competence as a predictor for children's and adolescents' later loneliness, social anxiety, and social phobia

The aim is to present the psychometric properties of a multisource scale measuring children’s and adolescents’ self-, peer-, and teacher-evaluated social competence and, further, to study whether these evaluations predict later psychosocial ill-being consisting of loneliness, social anxiety, and social phobia. Sample 1 consisted of 318 Finnish elementary school children, who in the beginning were fourth graders (approximately 10 years old). Sample 2 consisted of 191 adolescents who in the beginning were seventh graders (approximately 13 years old) in lower secondary school. The self, peer and teacher ratings of the participants’ social competence were collected in the fourth and seventh grades. Further, their loneliness, social anxiety, and social phobia were evaluated a year later, i.e., in the fifth and eighth grades. The factor structure of the scales was validated with separate CFA models and the consistency between the raters evaluated with Pearson correlations. Based on the results of structural equation modeling, children’s negative self-images of their pro- and antisocial behaviour during fourth grade predicted higher levels of loneliness and social anxiety during fifth grade. On the other hand, for lower secondary school adolescents, the peer and teacher ratings of adolescents’ social competence during the seventh grade predicted loneliness, social anxiety, and social phobia during eighth grade. The importance of recognizing the early signs of possible problems in children’s and adolescents’ socio-emotional well-being, before the onset of more sever psychosocial problems, is discussed.
Effect of Intermittent Fasting during Ramadan on Visfatin, Adiponectin and Tumor necrotizing Factor- Alpha in Healthy Muslim Individuals

Introduction:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fasting in Ramadan on visfatin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-I±) and adiponectin level in human. Methods:Thirty four men aged 24 to 55 years old were selected from those people who were willing to fast in Ramadan. The blood sample was obtained from each participant in fasting state at the beginning and the end of study to determine serum visfatin, adiponectin and TNF-I±. Paired T test was used to identify differences between beginning and the end of the study in serum visfatin, adiponectin and TNF-I±. Results:Results showed a significant decrease in Visfatin after study. There were no significant changes in adiponectin and TNF-I± during Ramadan fasting. Conclusion:It is concluded that fasting in Ramadan is beneficial to health and can ameliorate some inflammatory markers in fasting individuals.
Thalhammerite , Pd 9 Ag 2 Bi 2 S 4 , a New Mineral from the Talnakh and Oktyabrsk Deposits , Noril ’ sk Region , Russia

Thalhammerite, Pd9Ag2Bi2S4, is a new sulphide discovered in galena-pyrite-chalcopyrite and millerite-bornite-chalcopyrite vein-disseminated ores from the Komsomolsky mine of the Talnakh and Oktyabrsk deposits, Noril’sk region, Russia. It forms tiny inclusions (from a few μm up to about 40–50 μm) intergrown in galena, chalcopyrite, and also in bornite. Thalhammerite is brittle and has a metallic lustre. In plane-polarized light, thalhammerite is light yellow with weak bireflectance, weak pleochroism, in shades of slightly yellowish brown and weak anisotropy; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values of thalhammerite in air (R1, R2 in %) are: 41.9/43.0 at 470 nm, 43.9/45.1 at 546 nm, 44.9/46.1 at 589 nm, and 46.3/47.5 at 650 nm. Three spot analyses of thalhammerite give an average composition: Pd 52.61, Bi 22.21, Pb 3.92, Ag 14.37, S 7.69, and Se 0.10, total 100.90 wt %, corresponding to the empirical formula Pd8.46Ag2. 28(Bi1.82Pb0.32)Σ2. 14(S4.10Se0.02)Σ4. 12 based on 17 atoms; the average of five analyses on synthetic thalhammerite is: Pd 55.10, Bi 24.99, Ag 12.75, and S 7.46, total 100.30 wt %, corresponding to Pd8.91Ag2. 03Bi2.06S4. 00. The density, calculated on the basis of the empirical formula, is 9.72 g/cm3. The mineral is tetragonal, space group I4/mmm, with a 8.0266(2), c 9.1531(2) Å, V 589.70(2) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the single-crystal X-ray-diffraction data of synthetic Pd9Ag2Bi2S4. Thalhammerite has no exact structural analogues known in the mineral system; chemically, it is close to coldwellite (Pd3Ag2S) and kravtsovite (PdAg2S). The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of synthetic thalhammerite [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 3.3428(24)(211), 2.8393(46)(220), 2.5685(21)(301), 2.4122(100)(222), 2.3245(61)(123), 2.2873(48)(004), 2.2201(29)(132), 2.0072(40)(400), 1.7481(23)(332), and 1.5085(30)(404). The mineral honours Associate Professor Oskar Thalhammer of the University of Leoben, Austria.
Motivational Factors for Halal Certification Adoption among Small and Micro Enterprises in Malaysia

The halal food industry is vital to the world wide muslim consumers to ensure the food they consumed, use and purchase are hygienic, clean and not harmful to health. Muslim is the largest group in Malaysia with 61.3% from total population. Thus, having halal products are important in Malaysia. However, halal is not just for the muslim, the process of producing halal product may well benefit non muslim all around the world. Therefore, the markets for halal product are huge beyond the consumption of Malaysian population. But the capabilities of exporting halal products among small and micro enterprises in Malaysia are still weak. Therefore, this research intends to study the motivational factors that influence or hinders halal certification adoption among small and micro companies. It is designed to investigate the connection between motivational factors towards halal certification adoption, to study if expected competitiveness affects halal certification adoption, and to what extent top management commitment impacts the halal certification adoption. This study could add knowledge and help government in introducing policy to encourage these companies to embark in the halal journey.
Further Evidence on the Asymmetric Behavior of Economic Time Series over the Business Cycle

Evidence has recently been presented by Salih Neftçi to support the hypothesis that recessions in economic activity tend to be steeper and more short-lived than recoveries in economic activity. That evidence, however, was confined to the behavior of the unemployment rate in the United States. In this paper it is shown that when Neftçi's methods are applied to analyze the behavior of real gross national product, investment, and productivity in the United States or when they are used to analyze industrial production abroad, the asymmetry hypothesis seems to be less compelling.
Enzyme activity in forest peat soils

The aim of the study was to determine the activity of dehydrogenases and urease in forest peat soils of different fertility. There were selected 23 experimental plots localised in central and northern Poland. The research was conducted on forest fens, transition bogs and raised bogs. The biggest differences in soil physical and chemical properties were detected between fen and raised bog soils while raised bog soils and transition bog soils differed the least. Statistically significant differences between particular subtypes of peat soils were observed for soil pH-H2O, pH-KCl, C/N ratio as well as the content of organic carbon, nitrogen, calcium and potassium. The highest average dehydrogenase activity in the soil surface level was observed in fen soils, and the lowest – in raised bogs soils. The results obtained on urease activity were similar. Differences in urease activity in the studied soil types were shown. Dehydrogenase activity did not reveal statistically significant diversity. The activity of urease was negatively correlated with the content of carbon, C/N ratio, hydrolytic acidity and moisture. Also the increase in enzymatic activity accompanied by the increase in pH has been observed.