Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Centrosomal RNA and Centrosomal Hypothesis of Cellular Ageing and Differentiation

In 2006, a group of scientists studying centrosomes of Spisula solidissima mollusc oocytes under the leadership of Alliegro (Alliegro, M.C.; Alliegro, M.A.; Palazzo, R.E. Centrosome-associated RNA in surf clam oocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103(24), 9034–9038) reliably demonstrated the existence of specific RNA in centrosome, called centrosomal RNA (cnRNA). In their first article, five different RNAs (cnRNAs 11, 102, 113, 170, and 184) were described. During the process of full sequencing of the first transcript (cnRNA 11), it was discovered that the transcript contained a conserved structure—a reverse transcriptase domain located together with the most important centrosomal protein, γ-tubulin. In an article published in 2005, we made assumptions about several possible mechanisms for determining the most important functions of centrosomal structures and referred to one of them as a “RNA-dependent mechanism. ” This idea about participation of hypothetic centrosomal small interference RNA and/or microRNA in the process was made one year prior to the discovery of cnRNA by Alliegro's group. The discovery of specific RNA in a centrosome is indirect evidence of a centrosomal hypothesis of cellular ageing and differentiation. The presence of a reverse transcriptase domain in this type of RNA, together with its uniqueness and specificity, makes the centrosome a place of information storage and reproduction.
Neural mechanisms of the cognitive control of emotion

Background: Emotion regulation involves the initiation of new emotional responses and continual alteration of current emotions in response to rapidly changing environmental and social stimuli. The capacity to effectively implement emotion regulation strategies is essential for psychological health; impairments in the ability to regulate emotions may be critical to the development of clinical levels of depression, anxiety and mania. Objective: This review provides a summary of findings from current research examining the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation by means of conscious cognitive strategies of reappraisal. These findings are considered in the context of related concepts of emotion perception and emotion generation, with discussion of the likely cognitive neuropsychological contributions to emotion regulation and the implications for psychiatric disorders. Results: Convergent evidence implicates an inhibitory role of prefrontal cortex and cingulate regions upon subcortical and cortical emotion generation systems in the cognitive control of emotional experience. Concurrent modulation of cortical activity by the peripheral nervous system is highlighted by recent studies using simultaneous physiological and neuroimaging techniques. Individual differences in emotion perception, generation of affect and neuropsychological skills are likely to have direct consequences for emotion regulation. Conclusions: Emotion regulation relies on synergy within brain stem, limbic and cortical processes that promote the adaptive perception, generation and regulation of affect. Aberrant emotion processing in any of these stages may disrupt this self-sustaining regulatory system, with the potential to manifest in distinct forms of emotion dysregulation as seen in major psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Clinical Effects of S-Adenosylmethionine on Mood and Behavior in Lesch-Nyhan Patients

Background, rationale, and methods . Lesch-Nyhan disease is a rare, X-linked disorder due to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. To evaluate reported benefit on mood and behavior obtained by the administration of S-adenosyl-l-methionine in this condition, we developed 2 quantitative evaluation tools, and used them to assess the effects of the drug in our population: the weekly questionnaire and the resistance to self-injurious behavior test. We performed an open-label, dose-escalation trial of the drug on 14 patients. Results. Four patients tolerated the drug and reported beneficial effects. The majority experienced worsened behavior. The 2 assessment tools demonstrated effectiveness in quantitatively evaluating the self-injurious behavior.
Bounding the causal effect of unemployment on mental health: Nonparametric evidence from four countries

An important, yet unsettled, question in public health policy is the extent to which unemployment causally impacts mental health. The recent literature yields varying findings, which are likely due to differences in data, methods, samples, and institutional settings. Taking a more general approach, we provide comparable evidence for four countries with different institutional settings-Australia, Germany, the UK, and the United States-using a nonparametric bounds analysis. Relying on fairly weak and partially testable assumptions, our paper shows that unemployment has a significant negative effect on mental health in all countries. Our results rule out effects larger than a quarter of a standard deviation for Germany and half a standard deviation for the Anglo-Saxon countries. The effect is significant for both men and women and materialises already for short periods of unemployment. Public policy should hence focus on early prevention of mental health problems among the unemployed.
Pegylated and Non-Pegylated siRNA Lipoplexes Formulated with Cholesteryl Cytofectins Promote Efficient Luciferase Knockdown in HeLa tat luc Cells

Delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) remains a major challenge in their development for therapeutic applications, and cationic liposomes are being actively investigated for this purpose. Six liposome formulations containing the cytofectins 3β[N-(N ′,N ′-dimethylaminopropane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (Chol-T) or 3β[N-(N ′,N ′,-dimethylaminopropylsuccinamidohydrazido)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (MS09) and varying amounts of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine poly(ethylene glycol)2000, were prepared. Lipoplexes formed with siRNA were characterized by gel retardation analysis and cryo-electron microscopy. All lipoplexes exhibited low cytotoxicity in the HeLa tat luc cell line while Chol-T lipoplexes, containing anti-luciferase siRNA, achieved 93.4% knockdown of the luciferase transcript at 30 nM siRNA. Poly(ethylene glycol)2000 incorporation only marginally reduced knockdown efficiency.
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: VALUE OF IRRADIATION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE DURATION OF LIFE

Any discussion of the value of irradiation in myelogenous leukemia must be based on a knowledge of the natural course of this disease. The duration of life in untreated cases is not well known; statistics are few, and the following factors make difficult the determination of this point: The disease is comparatively rare, and the literature contains only a few large series of cases; since the development of radiation therapy, untreated cases are rarely encountered; early writers did not clearly distinguish between lymphatic and myelogenous leukemia; in addition, the gradual development of the disease makes it difficult to determine the exact time of onset. The statement is usually made that the course of the disease is from two to four years. In 1924, Minot, Buckman and Isaacs1published a study of 166 cases, including a group of 130 in which the total duration of the disease was known. This
Avaliação anatômica da valva tricúspide

The purpose of this study is to evaluate anatomic data of the tricuspid valve and adjacent area to help in diagnostic and surgical procedures. In 101 normal human fixed hearts (84% male; 61 % white ethnic group and mean age of 30.0 + 15.5 years old), we analysed: number of leaflets; tricuspid ring perimeter; size of leaflets and its occupation in ring perimeter; Koch's triangle area. These aspects were related with age, sex and ethnic group. There were 73% with three, in 26% with two and in 1% with four leaflets. The ring perimeter changed 79 to 158 mm (109.6 +12.2) and was larger (9%) in man. Regarding the relative occupation on ring the anterior represented 48%, the septal 36% and the inferior 16% of occupation area in tricuspid ring. The mean area of Koch's triangle was 167.79 mm 2 + 71.88 mm2, 10% larger in non white ethnic group and in elderly patients. In conclusion, normal tricuspid valves presented variations related to sex, age and ethnic group.
Migratory polyarthritis in aleukemic lymphoblastic leukemia: An undesignated paraneoplastic syndrome

Arthritic presentation of childhood acute leukemias is well known. A subset of these children may have peripheral blast cells undetectable (aleukemic leukemia). We report classical asymmetric, fleeting type of polyarthritis involving the large weight-bearing joints along with remittent fever and normal leukocyte counts as a presenting feature of acute lymphoblastic aleukemic leukemia, deliberated as a ′paraneoplastic syndrome′ of childhood.
Olanzapine plus fluoxetine treatment alters mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in the rat brain

Agostinho FR, Réus GZ, Stringari RB, Ribeiro KF, Ferreira GK, Jeremias IC, Scaini G, Rezin GT, Streck EL, Quevedo J. Olanzapine plus fluoxetine treatment alters mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in the rat brain. Background: Evidence is emerging for the role of dysfunctional mitochondria in pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. In this study, we evaluated the effects of acute and chronic administration of fluoxetine (FLX), olanzapine (OLZ) and the combination of FLX/OLZ on mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in the rat brain. Methods: For acute treatment, Wistar rats received one single injection of OLZ (3 or 6 mg/kg) and/or FLX (12 or 25 mg/kg) and for chronic treatment, rats received daily injections of OLZ (3 or 6 mg/kg) and/or FLX (12 or 25 mg/kg) for 28 days and we evaluated the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, II–III and IV in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Results: Our results showed that both acute and chronic treatments with FLX and OLZ alone or in combination altered respiratory chain complexes activity in the rat brain, but in combination we observed larger alterations. Conclusions: Finally, these findings further support the hypothesis that metabolism energy could be involved in the treatment with antipsychotics and antidepressants in combination to mood disorders.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Modified RNAs Containing Amide-Linked Oligoribonucleosides at Their 3′-End and Their Application to siRNA

siRNAs against luciferase mRNA were modified with amide-linked oligoribonucleosides (amide-linked RNA) at their 3 ′-overhangs. Tm values of the modified siRNAs increased compared with that of the unmodified siRNA. These results indicate that the modified overhangs increase the thermodynamic stability of the siRNAs. The modified overhangs improved stability of siRNAs against degradation by nuclease S1 and 50% mouse plasma. Furthermore the modified siRNAs reduced the target gene expression in a similar manner to the unmodified siRNA in cultured cells. These results suggest that the overhang modifications are tolerated for the siRNA activity.
Changes in Prescription Patterns of Acid-Suppressant Medications by Belgian Pediatricians: Analysis of the National Database, [1997–2009]

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the trend in the prescribing of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine 2-receptor antagonists (H2-RAs) for children in Belgium from 1997 to 2009 to encourage discussion regarding appropriate clinical use. Methods: Monthly claim–based data for PPIs and H2-RAs were obtained from the national health insurance database (Pharmanet 1997–2009). Results: The total monthly volume of all reimbursed antireflux medications, prescribed by Belgian pediatricians, increased 7-fold from 20,782 daily defined doses (DDDs) in January 1997 to 142,912 DDDs in June 2009. During this study period, reimbursed volume of H2-RAs increased from 2575 to 38,996 DDDs and of PPIs from 3472 to 103,926 DDDs per month. Conclusions: PPI use has increased substantially in children. Its use does not seem to be commensurate with the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. This study encourages clinical discussion regarding well-considered use of these drugs in children.
Effect of Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System Treatment in Children With Acute Liver Failure Caused by Wilson Disease

Objectives: Because fulminant Wilson disease (WD) has an extremely poor prognosis, the use of liver support that can bridge patients to liver transplantation is lifesaving. We report the experience of albumin dialysis in acute liver failure (ALF) caused by WD in children. Methods: Chart review of children admitted for ALF secondary to acute WD and treated by the molecular adsorbents and recirculating system. Measures of copper level in blood and within the circuit during molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) sessions were performed. Clinical and biological assessments after MARS session were reported. Results: Four children, with a median age of 12.3 years, were treated from 2004 to 2009 for a severe ALF associated with acute renal failure, haemolysis, and severe cholestasis. All of the children had a new Wilson index >12. A total of 14 MARS sessions were performed, for a median duration of 7.5 hours. Tolerance was good, except for 1 child who experienced haemorrhage because of vascular injury following insertion of the dialysis catheter. A neurological improvement or stabilisation was noted in all of the children along with an improvement in the Fisher index and ammonia level after MARS treatment. MARS was able to remove copper, to decrease the serum copper level of 28% in mean, and to decrease the bilirubin and creatinin levels >25%. All of the children were subsequently underwent liver transplants with a good outcome without disability. Conclusions: MARS is able to remove copper and to stabilise children with ALF secondary to WD, allowing bridging to LT.
Epidemiological Study of Jaw Cysts among a Part of the Belgian Population

Patients suffering from jaw cysts treated in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Hospital of the Free University of Brussels during the period 1982 -1997 were studied. The pathological reports of these cases were analyzed with regard to age, sex, anatomical distribution and diagnosis. About 40% of jaw cysts occurred in patients aged 20 to 49 years, and the male to female ratio was 2:1. Of the 203 cases, 121 (60%) were located in the maxilla, the remaining 82 (40%) in the mandible. Radicular cysts were by far the most common type of cysts (78%) followed by dentigerous cysts (11%), odontogenic keratocysts (7%) and fissural cysts (4%).
Chronic Fatigue in Long-term Survivors of Childhood Lymphomas and Leukemia: Persistence and Associated Clinical Factors

Background: Chronic fatigue (CF) is an important late effect after childhood malignancies. Our aim was to assess CF persistence over time, concurrent comorbidities, and associations with clinical symptoms. Procedure: A total of 102 long-term survivors of childhood lymphomas and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 53 and 49 reporting CF and no CF, respectively, at time point (TP)1, were evaluated for CF at a second TP after a median interval of 2.7 years. At TP2 a survey, including self-reported and objectively measured variables, assessed depressive symptoms, pain, and physical activity. Results: A total of 32 of the 53 reported CF cases at both TPs and 40/49 survivors had no CF at both TPs, whereas 30 had changed their fatigue status between first and second assessment (converters). Major somatic comorbidities were equally distributed among the groups. After exclusion of converters and survivors with major comorbidity/pregnancy, 27 persistent CF (PCF) cases and 35 controls were compared. PCF cases reported significantly more depression, sleeping problems, anxiety, pain, and reduced physical function. Further, they were less physically active than controls (steps/d; P=0.009). In a multiple regression analysis, depressive symptoms remained the only significant predictor of PCF. Conclusions: Long-term survivors of childhood cancer with PCF are characterized by more depressive symptoms, anxiety, pain, insomnia, and less physical activity.
Skull thickness in patients with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions.

OBJECTIVES To measure skull thickness in a group of subjects with skeletal Class II and a group with skeletal Class III malocclusion and compare these results with a group with Class I occlusion. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen. The Class II group comprised 25 females aged 17-42 (mean 26.0). The Class III group comprised 53 patients, 29 females aged 17-39 (mean 24.2) and 24 males aged 17-38 (mean 22.6). The control group comprised 39 subjects, 19 females and 20 males, aged 22-30, with a neutral occlusion and normal vertical and sagittal jaw relationship. MATERIAL AND METHODS The thickness of the frontal, parietal and occipital bones was measured on lateral radiographs of patients with skeletal Class II and Class III and compared with the control group. Method error ranged from 0.30 to 0.60 mm and reliability coefficients from 0.79 to 0.97. Unpaired t-tests were used for evaluating differences in thickness. RESULTS Females with skeletal Class II malocclusion had a significantly thinner occipital bone and thicker frontal bones than the control females. Skull thickness in Class III malocclusion was comparable to the control group. CONCLUSION The most important outcome of this study was reduced skull thickness in the occipital area and thickening of the frontal bone in females with skeletal Class II malocclusion compared with females with Class I. Deviations in the theca cranii are thus associated with skeletal Class II malocclusions.
Synthesis and Enantioselectivity of Cyclopropavir Phosphates for Cellular GMP Kinase

Enantiomeric cyclopropavir phosphates (+)-9 and (−)-9 were synthesized and investigated as substrates for GMP kinase. N2-Isobutyryl-di-O-acetylcyclopropavir (11) was converted to (+)-monoacetate 12 using hydrolysis catalyzed by porcine liver esterase. Phosphorylation via phosphite 13 gave after deacylation, phosphate (+)-9. Acid-catalyzed tetrahydropyranylation of (+)-monoacetate 12 gave, after deacylation, tetrahydropyranyl derivative 14. Phosphorylation via phosphite 15 furnished, after deprotection, enantiomeric phosphate (-)-9. Racemic diphosphate 16 was also synthesized. The phosphate (+)-9 is a relatively good substrate for GMP kinase with a KM value of 57 μM that is similar to that of the natural substrates GMP (61 μM) and dGMP (82 μM). In contrast, the enantiomer (−)-9 is not a good substrate (KM 1200 μM) indicating a significant enantioselectivity for the GMP kinase catalyzed reaction of monophosphate to diphosphate.
Evaluation of the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium—Japan Faculty Development Program: Validity and Reliability of the "End-of-Life Nursing Education Questionnaire"

This article describes the development and psychometric testing of the End-of-Life Nursing Education Questionnaire to measure effectiveness of nursing faculty development programs in end-of-life care in Japan. The questionnaire was developed and validated with the data provided by a cross-sectional survey from 143 participants in the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium-Japan Faculty Development Program held in Tokyo, in July and November 2009. Face and content validation was followed by data collection. Factor analysis was performed, and internal consistency reliability was tested. The response rate was 99% for preprogram and postprogram evaluations. The outcome was the development of 20 items in five domains. Cronbach's α ranged from . 84 to . 97, and interclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability were 0.63 to 0.76. The data support face, content, and construct validity of the questionnaire. There were significant changes in responses between preprogram and postprogram evaluations on nearly all domains, and this proved sufficient sensitivity of the questionnaire. The End-of-Life Nursing Education Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing faculty development program in end-of-life care. The changes reported by participants of this study suggest that the program successfully met its objectives in facilitating significant changes in nursing faculties.
Effect of resveratrol on bone formation in the expanded inter-premaxillary suture: early bone changes.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of local resveratrol (RSVL) administration on bone formation in response to expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture, in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty 50- to 60-day-old male Wistar rats were separated into two equal groups. Both groups were subjected to expansion, and 30 cN of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with helical-spring. Twenty-four hours after appliance placement, single-dose 10 μmol/kg RSVL in the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was injected to the inter-premaxillary suture in the experimental group. In the control group, the same amount of DMSO was injected to the suture of rats. Bone formation in the suture was evaluated histomorphometrically. The area of new bone (μm(2)), the perimeter around the new bone (μm), Feret's diameter (μm), the percentage of new bone to non-ossified tissue (%), and the number of osteoblast were measured and compared. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical evaluation at p < 0.05 level. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between the groups for all histomorphometric parameters. New bone area (p < 0.001), bone perimeter (p < 0.001), Feret's diameter (p < 0.001), percentage of new bone (p < 0.001), and the number of osteoblast (p < 0.001) were significantly larger in the experimental group when compared with the control. Bone histomorphometric measurements revealed that bone architecture in the RSVL treated rats was improved. CONCLUSIONS Local application of RSVL during the early stages to orthopedically expanded inter-premaxillary suture area may stimulate bone formation and shorten the retention period, in rats.