Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRANSFER FUNCTION MODEL OF THE RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP OF A DRAINED CATCHMENT

Transfer function model of the rainfall and runoff relationship with various complexities was developed to investigate the hydrological dynamics of a catchment that undergoes continual drainage process. The structure of the impulse response weight of the dynamic components of the models provides some physical meaning of the responses between the hydrological variables investigated. The study revealed that non-linear transfer function models of order one and noise term of ARIMA (1,0,0) best represents the monthly rainfall-runoff relationships of a drained catchment. The best- fitted transfer function model is capable of illustrating the cumulative hydrological effect of a catchment when subjected to reclamation and drainage
Color variation of Ultra High Temperature (UHT) sterilized milk during storage

The color variation of Ultra High Temperature (UHT) sterilized milk packed aseptically in glass bottles was studied using Hunter Lab Colorimeter during storage period at room temperature. Hunter color parameters (L, a, b) of stored milk samples were measured at 15 days intervals up to two months. The Chroma, Hue angle, Browning Index and Total color change were calculated from L, a, b values. The L value of raw milk was 81.35 while that of UHT sterilized milk was 78.80. The L value and Hue angle of UHT sterilized milk were found to decrease while a value, b value, chroma and Browning Index of UHT sterilized milk were found to increase with storage period due to formation of brown pigments resulting from Maillard reaction. These color attributes data could be helpful in monitoring the quality of UHT milk during storage and also useful in predicting the shelf life of UHT milk.
Volatility and Dispersion in Business Growth Rates: Publicly Traded Versus Privately Held Firms

We study the variability of business growth rates in the U.S. private sector from 1976 onwards. To carry out our study, we exploit the recently developed Longitudinal Business Database (LBD), which contains annual observations on employment and payroll for all U.S. businesses. Our central finding is a large secular decline in the cross sectional dispersion of firm growth rates and in the average magnitude of firm level volatility. Measured the same way as in other recent research, the employment-weighted mean volatility of firm growth rates has declined by more than 40% since 1982. This result stands in sharp contrast to previous findings of rising volatility for publicly traded firms in COMPUSTAT data. We confirm the rise in volatility among publicly traded firms using the LBD, but we show that its impact is overwhelmed by declining volatility among privately held firms. This pattern holds in every major industry group. Employment shifts toward older businesses account for 27 percent or more of the volatility decline among privately held firms. Simple cohort effects that capture higher volatility among more recently listed firms account for most of the volatility rise among publicly traded firms.
Intention to Respond in a Special Way Protects Against Forgetting Associations: A Test of Three Hypotheses of Working Memory, Transfer, and Desirable Difficulty

In an attempt to examine the protective function of prospective memory as outlined by Bourne, Healy, Bonk, and Buck-Gengler (2011), a follow-up study was designed to introduce a more critical examination of the phonological loop and its effects on this process. Primary study procedure consisted of a memory task involving remembering the color of a name and a location as a means of determining where to click on a screen subsequently. Experimental design included a day of training in which participants were exposed to a secondary task, consisting of either of one of two articulatory suppression strategies, either counting backwards by threes or constant repetition of the word “the,” or silence for the duration of the current block of trials. Participants were asked to return on a second day 48 hours later at which point their retention and transfer of ability to the other secondary conditions was tested. The same protective function demonstrated by Bourne et al. (2011) was found for prospective memory, as well as transfer between the experimental conditions, indicating that the location of this protective function may exist outside of the phonological loop. An additional desirable difficulty hypothesis was explored using the gradient of difficulties created by the different secondary task conditions, but no significant results were found within these data.
Efficient Analysis of Switchable FSS Structure using the WCIP Method

A precise technique based on the wave concept iterative procedure (WCIP) and a fast mode transformation (FMT) is used to adjust the frequency selective surface (FSS) response. This adjustment is achieved by integrating RF-MEMS switches. These systems use the manufacturing processes of integrated circuits. In order to initialize the iterative procedure, an incident wave is defined in spectral domain. The numerical results are compared to those obtained with the finite element method (FEM). The good agreement between simulated and published data justifies the design procedure. Index Terms — FSS, MEMS RF, 2D-FFT algorithm.
Ethnicity in Linguistic Variation: White and Coloured Identities in Afrikaans-English Code-Switching

The Afrikaans speech community is characterized by a long-standing rift between Whites and Coloureds, and is for a large part bilingual, with English being increasingly integrated in its stylistic repertoire. Yet, the history of English is different across the White/Coloured divide, as in particular in terms of diffusion and in terms of ideological associations. The question we wish to ask is twofold. First, how far may there be a question of ethnic norms of Afrikaans-English code-switching? Second, if norms of code-switching are different across the ethnic divide, is code-switching used differently in the negotiation of White and Coloured identities? This contribution is organized in three main parts. First, we give an overview of the different norms of Afrikaans-English code-switching encountered across Whites and Coloureds on the basis of a corpus of informal speech data. Then we give an overview of the sequential patterns of Afrikaans-English code-switching following a CA methodology. Finally, we determine with the help of macrosocial knowledge in how far these different forms and functions of Afrikaans-English code-switching are made relevant to the projection of White and Coloured identities in South Africa’s current post-Apartheid context on the basis of select individual examples. The results of our analysis indicate that Afrikaans-English code-switching in the Coloured data displays the features of a ‘mixed code’, which is perceived as a ‘we-code’, where English input tends to be stylistically neutral. By contrast, English input is more syntactically and sequentially salient in the White data, and more visibly serves purposes of identity-negotiation. Despite those differences, there remains a clear correlation in both White and Coloured samples between the use of English monolingual code and affiliation with ‘New South African values’.
New information about the distribution of Callicebus (Pithecidae, Primates) in northern Beni Department, Bolivia

Callicebus is one of the most diverse genera of primate in the Neotropics, including 30 recognized species of titi monkeys (Van Roosmalen et al. 2002, Wallace et al. 2006, Defler et al. 2010). In Bolivia, the distribution, diet and behavior of titi monkeysis poorly known and even the number and identity of species is unclear (Wallace et al. 2006, Martinez & Wallace 2010). Two of the six species of titi monkeys recognized for Bolivia are endemic: Callicebus modestus (Beni titi monkey) and Callicebus olallae (Olallae’s titi monkey), both locally named as “lucachis” (Hershkovitz 1988, Anderson 1997, Rylands et al. 2000, Van Roosmalen et al. 2002, Wallace et al. 2006, Martinez & Wallace 2010). Both species were categorized as Endangered (Veiga et al. 2008 a, b, Tarifa & Aguirre 2009).
Do Donors Care about Declining Trade Revenues from Liberalization? An Analysis of Aid Allocation

Many developing country governments rely heavily on trade tax revenue. Therefore, trade liberalization can be a potential source of significant fiscal instability, and may affect government spending on development activities. Donor nations may take this into account in making their aid allocation decisions for developing nations. Our findings suggest that bilateral donors provide substantially larger amounts of aid to compensate (or reward) liberalizing recipient nations who also face declining trade tax revenues. Interestingly, these effects are statistically insignificant in the context of multilateral aid. Multilateral donors are more focused on income per capita and may be using it as a de facto measure of average living standards in the recipient nations.
A COMPARISON OF SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS THAT DETERMINE THE FARM INCOME OF EMERGING LIVESTOCK AND HORTICULTURAL FARMERS IN SOUTH AFRICA

A large number of emerging farmers in South Africa is involved in subsistence agriculture as a result of poor resource endowment or due to other constraints. Relatively few agricultural products from emerging farmers reach the formal agricultural market. Livestock production is common among emerging farmers and a large proportion of the national livestock is in the hands of the rural poor. Horticultural crops are generally perishable and require immediate disposal, thus implying that the farmers who produce horticultural crops do so with intention to sell their products. Most studies tend to group farmers regardless of their line of production. Only few studies have attempted to investigate the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers, differentiating the commodities that they produce. The objective of this study is to identify and compare the socioeconomic characteristics that determine the farm income of the emerging livestock farmers and horticultural farmers in South Africa. Such an analysis would allow more targeted policy responses for different groups of emerging farmers. The data used in this study consisted of 202 livestock farmers and 126 horticultural farmers selected through quota sample covering all nine provinces in South Africa. The data were collected by the Development Bank of Southern Africa in 2005. Descriptive Analysis and Discriminant Analysis are applied to determine the factors that matter the most in determining incomes of livestock and horticultural farmers. Farm
Numerical study of halo concentrations in dark-energy cosmologies

We study the concentration parameters, their mass dependence and redshift evolution, of dark-matter halos in different dark-energy cosmologies with constant and time-variable equation of state, and compare them with standard ACDM and OCDM models. We find that previously proposed algorithms for predicting halo concentrations can be well adapted to dark-energy models. When centred on the analytically expected values, halo concentrations show a log-normal distribution with a uniform standard deviation of ∼0.2. The dependence of averaged halo concentrations on mass and redshift permits a simple fit of the form (1 + z) c = c 0 (M/M 0 ) α , with α -0.1 throughout. We find that the cluster concentration depends on the dark energy equation of state at the cluster formation redshift z coll through the linear growth factor D + (z coll ). As a simple correction accounting for dark-energy cosmologies, we propose scaling c 0 from ACDM with the ratio of linear growth factors, c 0 → c 0 D + (Z coll )/D +. ACDM (z coll ).
Determining of Turfgrass Performance of Certain Tall Fescue Cultivars in Cool Season Ecological Conditions

This study was conducted to determine the turfgrass performance of newly introduced tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars in the ecological conditions of the cool climate. The experiment was carried out in the Plant Cultivation garden of the Parks and Gardens Directorate of Tokat Municipality for 3 years between May 2009 - January 2012. Six different tall fescue cultivars (Apache, Eldorado, Firaces, Merida, SR8600 and Turbo) were used. In the study; turf cover ratio, weed invasion density, turf color, winter endurance and turf quality characteristics were measured with scores between 1-9 point, and turf texture was measured in mm. Study results showed that the highest values were obtained from the Merida and Turbo cultivars and that, generally speaking, the other cultivars could easily be used in turf establishment in the region and in similar ecological conditions.
Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Bodybuilding Trainers in Ahwaz, Iran

This study was conducted to determine the nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of male and female bodybuilding trainers in Ahwaz, one of the 7 major cities of Iran. KAP questionnaires which contained information about nutrients, food groups, using of supplements and ergogenic aids, were completed by trainers. Sixty three certified male bodybuilding trainers (37.9 ± 2.7 y) and 30 certified female trainers (37.3 ± 8.1 y) were recruited from all clubs of the city. All of the male and 47% of the female trainers have prescribed diet program for their trainees (P<0.001) and it showed that there was a significan t (P<0.001) relationship between their diet prescription and their educational degrees. None of the female trainers neither use nor advise anabolic hormones such as Nandrolon; however 62% of the male trainers have advised hormones to their trainees while only 50% of them use hormones themselves. 96.8% of the trainers did not know that minerals and 88.2% did not know water are essential nutrients; and more than 90% did not realize that fat and sugars are as food groups. The training courses and educational levels of trainers are positively related to their practices. All of the trainers need more theoretical and applied nutritional education.
Strong convergence theorems for two finite families of generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings with applications

In this paper, an implicit iteration process has been proposed for two finite families of generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings and establish some strong convergence theorems in the framework of convex metric spaces. Also, some applications of our result has been given. Our results extend and generalize several results from the current existing literature.
The Effects of Using Chaotic Map on Improving the Performance of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms

Chaotic maps play an important role in improving evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for avoiding the local optima and speeding up the convergence. However, different chaotic maps in different phases have different effects on EAs. This paper focuses on exploring the effects of chaotic maps and giving comprehensive guidance for improving multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) by series of experiments. NSGA-II algorithm, a representative of MOEAs using the nondominated sorting and elitist strategy, is taken as the framework to study the effect of chaotic maps. Ten chaotic maps are applied in MOEAs in three phases, that is, initial population, crossover, and mutation operator. Multiobjective problems (MOPs) adopted are ZDT series problems to show the generality. Since the scale of some sequences generated by chaotic maps is changed to fit for MOPs, the correctness of scaling transformation of chaotic sequences is proved by measuring the largest Lyapunov exponent. The convergence metric γ and diversity metric Δ are chosen to evaluate the performance of new algorithms with chaos. The results of experiments demonstrate that chaotic maps can improve the performance of MOEAs, especially in solving problems with convex and piecewise Pareto front. In addition, cat map has the best performance in solving problems with local optima.
Vulnerability analysis for complex networks using aggressive abstraction.

Large, complex networks are ubiquitous in nature and society, and there is great interest in developing rigorous, scalable methods for identifying and characterizing their vulnerabilities. This paper presents an approach for analyzing the dynamics of complex networks in which the network of interest is first abstracted to a much simpler, but mathematically equivalent, representation, the required analysis is performed on the abstraction, and analytic conclusions are then mapped back to the original network and interpreted there. We begin by identifying a broad and important class of complex networks which admit vulnerability-preserving, finite state abstractions, and develop efficient algorithms for computing these abstractions. We then propose a vulnerability analysis methodology which combines these finite state abstractions with formal analytics from theoretical computer science to yield a comprehensive vulnerability analysis process for networks of realworld scale and complexity. The potential of the proposed approach is illustrated with a case study involving a realistic electric power grid model and also with brief discussions of biological and social network examples.
Person-Organization Congruence and the Maintenance of Group-Based Social Hierarchy: A Social Dominance Perspective

Using vocational choice theory and social dominance theory as guiding frameworks, this paper examines the interrelationships between the types of social institutions that a person occupies, on the one hand, and the sociopolitical attitudes and behavioral predispositions that a person displays, on the other. Beginning with Holland (1959, 1966), numerous researchers have documented the fact that people’s work-related values tend to match the values of their work environments. Researchers have also found, as we might expect, that this value match yields superior job performance and greater employee satisfaction. Social dominance theory has proposed an important expansion of this research: people’s sociopolitical attitudes (e.g. anti-egalitarianism) should also be compatible, or congruent, with their institutional environments (e.g. schools, workplaces). A growing body of research supports this claim. Specifically, recent research has shown that hierarchy-enhancing (HE) organizations (e.g. police forces) tend to be occupied by those with anti-egalitarian beliefs, while hierarchy-attenuating (HA) organizations (e.g. civil liberties organizations) tend to be occupied by those with relatively democratic beliefs. This research has also provided evidence for five (non-mutually exclusive) processes underlying this institutional assortment: self-selection, institutional selection, institutional socialization, differential reward, and differential attrition. This paper reviews the literature bearing on each of these processes, and suggests key paths for future research.
Capital Structures in Developing Countries : The Latin American case

Received October 2009; accepted May 2012. * Universidad Diego Portales, Chile, <christian.espinosa@udp.cl>; Universidad Andrés Bello (Santiago, Chile), <carlos.maquieira@unab.cl>; Escuela Superior de Ciencias Empresariales del Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (Portugal), <joaovieito@esce.ipvc. pt>, y Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad de Chile, <mgonzale@fen.uchile. cl>, respectively. The authors wish to thank two anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions. 35 I�����������
BATCH PAN CONTROL BY MICROWAVE BRIX

FOR MANY decades, the massecuite brix in vacuum pans has been controlled using simple and cost effective conductivity probes. Despite their widespread use, they suffer from a variety of problems, including temperature sensitivity and changes in impurity loads. Arguably, conductivity probes are not highly process relevant, since they deliver at best only an indirect measure of fundamentally important process variables. This paper presents results from a series of industrial trials using a microwave-based instrument. It presents an overview of the installation and use of this class of device for effective batch vacuum pan control. Experimental results from a series of trials run on a 100 tonne batch vacuum pan are presented.
Investigation of Some Properties of KDP Single Crystals Grown by Sankaranarayanan-Ramasamy (SR) Method

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphates (KDP) crystal has been studied since the early 1930s. It has many important applications, such as the electro-optic modulator, Q-switches, the ultrasonic transducer, the shutter for high-speed photography, frequency doubling and high power laser frequency conversion for fusion research. In response to these applications, the high-quality KDP single crystals are required. The common method of KDP crystal growth is the lowering of the temperature of saturated KDP solution which is held in a cylindrical tank. The disadvantage of this method is the spontaneous appearance of crystalline clusters at the bottom of the tank which retard the growth of the main crystal. Since the 2010s, Sankaranarayanan and Ramasamy have proposed a new method of growing crystal by designing the Y-shaped solution tank. In this study, the KDP single crystals were grown by the Sankaranarayanan-Ramasamy (SR) method. These crystals have better quality, fewer defects, higher hardness and density, and especially material saving compared to ones from the conventional method.
A complex hyperbolic Riley slice

We study subgroups of ${\rm PU}(2,1)$ generated by two non-commuting unipotent maps $A$ and $B$ whose product $AB$ is also unipotent. We call $\mathcal{U}$ the set of conjugacy classes of such groups. We provide a set of coordinates on $\mathcal{U}$ that make it homeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^2$ . By considering the action on complex hyperbolic space $\mathbf{H}^2_{\mathbb{C}}$ of groups in $\mathcal{U}$, we describe a two dimensional disc ${\mathcal Z}$ in $\mathcal{U}$ that parametrises a family of discrete groups. As a corollary, we give a proof of a conjecture of Schwartz for $(3,3,\infty)$-triangle groups. We also consider a particular group on the boundary of the disc ${\mathcal Z}$ where the commutator $[A,B]$ is also unipotent. We show that the boundary of the quotient orbifold associated to the latter group gives a spherical CR uniformisation of the Whitehead link complement.
Molecular characterization of the lipL41 gene of Leptospira interrogans vaccinal serovars in Iran

Leptospirosis caused by infection with pathogenic leptospires, which is the most prevalent zoonotic disease in the world. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of pathogenic leptospires such as LipL41 play a crucial role in pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore a major challenge to develop an effective vaccine against leptospirosis is application of basic research on the OMPs of leptospires to improve vaccine development. The aim of this study was cloning and analyzing of the lipL41 gene from vaccinal serovars of leptospires in Iran, in order to identify genetic conservation of this gene. Three vaccinal serovars of Leptospira were used in this study. The lipL41 gene of these serovars were amplified and cloned in the pTZ57R/T vector. The recombinant clones were confirmed by colony-PCR and sequencing. The sequenced genes were analyzed for their homology between them and other submitted sequences in Genbank database using the BLAST and MegAlign program. PCR amplification of the lipL41 gene resulted in the 1065 bp gene product in vaccinal serovars tested. In our study, nucleotide sequencing results showed high similarity (>94%) within the leptospiral vaccinal serovars. The genetic conservation of the lipL41gene among different serovars of Leptospira indicated the capacity of utilization of this gene for development of recombinant vaccine against leptospirosis.