Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of unintended pregnancy in cross-cultural settings: Does it have adverse consequences for children?

Abstract Introduction: Although there has been a great deal of concern about the consequences of unintended pregnancies on child health, there has been little documented evidence across specific outcomes to inform programs and policies. This paper highlights the association between unintended pregnancy, and its health and developmental consequences to children. Methods: Published and grey evidence available adverse effects of unintended pregnancy on children were extracted electronically using search engines: PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar for the period January 1981 through January 2017. The PRISMA checklist was used and qualities of eligible studies were assessed for method validity and result interpretation. Effect-size odds ratioswere calculated from extracted data. Results: Of the 107 studies identified after removal of duplications, 29 studies with a quality score ranging from 3 to 6 (Mean = 5.65; SD±0.65) were included. Pattern of child rearing, development and health were found to differ for children classified to be breads of an unintended pregnancy. However, many of the available studies appear to have methodological limitations such as recall bias and brief period of follow-ups limiting causal inferences and to determine a temporal sequence. The findings were found to be inconsistent across studies. Conclusion: Studies provide evidence relating to adverse health outcomes for children of unintended births. The existing knowledge is limited by weak research methodologies and a paucity of studies addressing subsequent health and developmental effects beyond the early childhood period. There is a need for more multi-wave longitudinal studies to assess child health and developmental trajectories associated with unintended pregnancies. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2017;31 (3):138-154] Key words: Unplanned pregnancy, unwanted pregnancy, child development, child health consequence
Stress distribution around implants with abutments of different materials: a comparison of photoelastic, strain gage and finite element analyses

Objective: To compare stress transmission around implants with abutments made of three different materials using photoelastic, strain gage (SGA) and finite element (FEA) analyses. Methods: Three abutments – UCLA calcinable, cast in Ni-Cr; UCLA calcinable with a Cr-Co cervical collar, overcast with Ni-Cr; and a zirconia abutment – were installed on implants embedded in photoelastic resin. Vertical and oblique loads were applied to the abutments to the photoelastic and SGA analyses. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (a=0.05). The assembly was modeled to FEA simulation. Results: Similar fringe orders were observed in the apical region under vertical load. The greatest fringe orders were observed in the coronal region of the opposite side of load application (contralateral side) under oblique load. By SGA, no statistical difference was observed among the abutments (P=0.061) under vertical load, and no difference was found between tensile and compression sides under oblique load. FEA showed no difference in stress distribution. The oblique load generated the greatest stress values on the contralateral side in the coronal area. Conclusion: Although it was not possible to establish an agreement among the analytical methods tested, different abutment materials did not influence the transmission of stresses around implants.
An Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution by Various Allied Artisans in Automobile , Welding Workshop and Petrol Station in Lagos State, Nigeria

Levels of some agricultural pollutants, heavy metals ( Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb Zn,) were investigated in the soils, stems, roots, and leaves of Water leaf (Talinum triangulare) obtained from a filling station,mechanic workshop and welding workshop in Lagos state. Concentration levels of the metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Variations of the metals in the T.triangulare and soils were in the order: Zn>Lead>Chromium>Copper>Nickel>Cadmium The results obtained showed levels of the metals in soils and vegetables from the sample areas, automobile workshop,weldind aaaworkshop and petrol station which are indications of possible pollution of the sample areas as a result of excessive usage of the locations by activities of the artisans and spills from the filling station. The results were below the permissible levels recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization except for Lead in the welding workshop. Therefore consumption of T. triangulare as food in the three locations except the welding workshop may not pose health hazards to humans at the time of the study.
Alignment of business and information strategies and its impact on business performance

Alignment between business strategy and information strategy has been focused on for several years with research suggesting different explanations to how this alignment influences a firm's performance. This article presents results from an investigation of firms in Slovenia about how business people perceived their business strategy and information strategy to be aligned. Respondents' statements from the questionnaire survey on their perceived alignment between business strategy and information strategy were checked against the firms' revenue growth. The analysis of perceived alignment between business strategy, information strategy, and revenue growth shows that there is a significant relationship between alignment and revenue growth in Slovenia, and this link is positive. Managers should aim to align business and information strategies in order to achieve better business performance.
Creating Democratic Class Rooms in Asian Contexts: The Influences of Individual and School Level Factors on Open Classroom Climate

Purpose: Literature indicates that open classroom climate (OCC) is a positive influence on civic outcomes. Few studies have explored factors that appear to facilitate OCC. Most research on OCC has focused on Western countries. The emphasis has been on individual student characteristics related to OCC with little attention made to school level effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate both individual and school level influences on OCC using Asian student samples. Methodology: Data were drawn from the five Asian societies that participated in the 2009 International Civics and Citizenship Education Study. Multilevel regression analysis was used to test individual and school level relationships in the data. Findings: There were significant differences among the five societies with regard to student perceptions of OCC. At the individual level, results showed the importance of good student-teacher relationships, students’ discussion experiences outside school, and civic participating at school for promoting OCC. Civic knowledge and self-efficacy were positively related to OCC in four Asian societies. The roles of school level predictors differed from society to society, some predictors even working in the opposite direction. Different cultural contexts, local policies, and school system characteristics might account for these differences.
Small-scale disturbance in a stable canopy dominated community: implications for macroalgal recruitment and growth

The long-living species Ascophyllum nodosum dominates the mid-shore of sheltered rocky sites in NW Europe, forming near-monospecific stands. We aimed to determine the effects of small-scale disturbance on such shores, through manipulative experiments over a long period (almost 7 yr). We tested the general hypothesis that small-scale disturbance allows co-existence of Fucus canopy (F. vesiculosus, F. serratus) and promotes recruitment of Ascophyllum itself. Two factorial experiments were established to determine the interactive effects of the Ascophyllum canopy with: (1) the red algal turf which covers approximately 90% of the substratum at the experimental sites, and (2) the dominant grazer, the limpet Patella vulgata, which maintains small patches of open sub- stratum free from turf. Disturbance to plots 25 × 25 cm resulted in significant changes to the under- storey community. Removal of limpets led to high levels of Ascophyllum and Fucus recruitment, irre- spective of the presence of the canopy. In the presence of limpets recruitment of fucoids was negligible. In contrast, removal of turf alone led to high Fucus spp. but not Ascophyllum recruitment. Loss of the canopy and a consequent degradation of the turf was required to promote Ascophyllum recruitment. Despite high recruitment in some treatments beneath an intact canopy, low growth rates in shade prevented development of mature plants. Loss of the overlying Ascophyllum canopy was followed by development of a mixed F. serratus/F. vesiculosus canopy that was still present nearly 7 yr after manipulation. Ascophyllum recruits, while showing enhanced growth in the absence of the canopy, were too slow-growing to form a canopy.
PARENTING COORDINATION (PC) PRACTICE: A SURVEY OF EXPERIENCED PROFESSIONALS

This study summarizes a survey of experienced North American parenting coordinators (PCs). The survey was modeled after a similar seminal study of child custody evaluators (Keilen & Bloom, 1986) and seeks to establish a similar baseline standard in alternative dispute resolution (ADR) court-sanctioned PC practices. Results reveal that PC is being practiced across North America by highly experienced practitioners that are multidisciplinary across legal and mental health professions who work by court order. These PCs work with a specific written PC agreement that specifies basis of authority, scope of authority, terms of service, retainer/fees, and grievance procedures. Results characterize PC as an increasingly established hybrid ADR court-sanctioned role that is effective precisely because of accessibility to families, the unique knowledge base of the family law professional concerning the dynamics of divorcing families, and the court-granted authority to help families resolve disputes that are generally more familial and psychological than legal in nature.
LEARNING TO DISCUSS: STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF CLASS DISCUSSION*

This paper describes a strategy for improving the quality of class discussions. I argue that discussions are often unsatisfying for two reasons. First, students and teachers tend to emphasize individual contributions rather than the collective process of discussing. Second, teachers tend to emphasize discussion performance rather than the development of discussion skills. I describe a multi-part exercise that addresses both of these issues and illustrates its effectiveness with excerpts from student self-evaluations. Students often write that this exercise helps them develop their speaking and listening skills and improves the overall quality of class discussion.
Household Solid Waste Composition in Balakong City, Malaysia: Trend and Management.

Waste is an obvious by-product that comes from human activities. Urbanization, economic development, and improving living standards in cities all have an impact on the increase of the quantity and difficulty of generated waste. Fast population growth and industrialization degrades the urban environment and places serious stress on natural resources. Inefficient management and disposal of solid waste is a noticeable cause of degradation of the environment in most cities of the developing world. MSW generation depends on township size and level of economic standards. Thus, it was proven by the MSW generated in the selected area of Kluang (a small town in the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia) amounted to as little as 45 tons and as much as 3,000 tons in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia's capital). More analysis reported that the largest sources of MSW generation come from household waste, followed by industrial and commercial wastes. In Selangor State, the highest percentage of MSW consisted of putrescible waste of approximately 46%, followed by plastic and paper at 15% and 14%, respectively. This paper focuses on the trend and management of household solid waste composition generated in Balakong City, Malaysia. A survey for household residents in eight housing areas was carried out for one month and data were collected on a daily basis. The composition of solid waste collected was segregated into different components (organic waste, plastic, paper, glass, metal, and other). For overall household solid waste composition generated in the Balakong area, organic waste recorded the highest percentage at 555.5%. Then, followed by plastic waste 82.2%, paper 74.4%, other waste 42.9%, glass 25.8%, the lowest waste generated was metal at 18.9%. There is a relation between the economic position of a country and per capita waste generation rate. While the standard of living rises, waste generation rates also are increasing. The world trend of solid waste generation nowadays (including Malaysia) is mostly dependent on the changing consumption pattern, and also related to climate and seasonal differences. Thus, the management and planning of solid waste generated must be enhanced to improve sustainable solid waste management in Malaysia. Besides, public awareness, funding, expertise, equipment, and facilities that are currently lacking must be provided.
NHM–SMAP: spatially and temporally high-resolution nonhydrostatic atmospheric model coupled with detailed snow process model for Greenland Ice Sheet

Abstract. To improve surface mass balance (SMB) estimates for the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), we developed a 5 km resolution regional climate model combining the Japan Meteorological Agency Non-Hydrostatic atmospheric Model and the Snow Metamorphism and Albedo Process model (NHM–SMAP) with an output interval of 1 h, forced by the Japanese 55-year reanalysis (JRA-55). We used in situ data to evaluate NHM–SMAP in the GrIS during the 2011–2014 mass balance years. We investigated two options for the lower boundary conditions of the atmosphere: an offline configuration using snow, firn, and ice albedo, surface temperature data from JRA-55, and an online configuration using values from SMAP. The online configuration improved model performance in simulating 2 m air temperature, suggesting that the surface analysis provided by JRA-55 is inadequate for the GrIS and that SMAP results can better simulate physical conditions of snow/firn/ice. It also reproduced the measured features of the GrIS climate, diurnal variations, and even a strong mesoscale wind event. In particular, it successfully reproduced the temporal evolution of the GrIS surface melt area extent as well as the record melt event around 12 July 2012, at which time the simulated melt area extent reached 92.4 %. Sensitivity tests showed that the choice of calculation schemes for vertical water movement in snow and firn has an effect as great as 200 Gt year −1 in the GrIS-wide accumulated SMB estimates; a scheme based on the Richards equation provided the best performance.
On the Existence and Uniqueness of Self-Adjoint Realizations of Discrete (Magnetic) Schrödinger Operators

Discrete Laplacians and discrete magnetic Schrödinger operators feature in many different areas of mathematics. They are used in combinatorics and computer science, appear as discretizations of (pseudo-)differential operators on Riemannian manifolds, serve as toy models for Hamiltonians in mathematical physics and play an important role in the study of random walks just to name a few. Even though discrete operators are used for very different means, their basic structure is always the same. Given a graph G = (X,E) consisting of vertices X and edges E one defines the discrete Laplacian ∆ acting on functions on X (up to a sign) by
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM THREONINE REQUIREMENTS OF JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix coturnix japonica) CHICKS REARED UNDER TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT

Threonine, like most amino acids, is traditionally noted for its role in protein synthesis. However, dietary threonine concentration required for the maximum performance of Japanese quails is yet to be determined, therefore, a study was conducted to determine the optimum threonine requirement of Japanese quail chicks in the tropical environment. A total of four hundred and fifty, two weeks old quail chicks (mixed sexes) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (0.67, 0.81, 0.95, 1.08 and 1.22 % total threonine) and replicated thrice in a completely randomized design (CRD). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in average weight gain, average feed intake, feed conversion ratio and age at first lay of quails fed the dietary treatments. Weight of first egg laid was significantly (P<0.05) higher for birds fed 1.08% total threonine diets than those fed other dietary treatments. Live weight, dressed weight, dressing percent, thigh, heart and gizzard weights were statistically (P>0.05) similar for all treatments. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in haematological parameters and serum indices studied except white blood cell, total protein, monocyte, eosinophils, mean corpuscular volume, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase (P>0.05). It was concluded that the performance of birds were not influenced by the dietary treatments up to the highest dietary level of threonine studied (1.22%). Therefore, it is possible that the optimum dietary level of threonine may be above 1.22 %. Further studies will be necessary to establish higher doses of dietary threonine requirement of Japanese quails reared under tropical climatic environment.
The Effect of Part‐Time Work on Wages: Evidence from the Social Security Rules

This article identifies the part‐time wage effect, using hours variation caused by the social security rules. We show that work hours and wages drop sharply at ages 62 and 65. We argue that the hours decline causes the wage decline, resulting in a 25% wage penalty for men who cut their work week from 40 to 20 hours. However, we find little evidence for such an effect among women. We also show that models that fail to account for the joint determination of hours and wages will understate the labor supply response to a tax change by about 26%.
Energy efficiency improvement by the application of nanostructured coatings on axial piston pump slippers

Axial piston pumps and motors are widely used in heavy-duty applications and play a fundamental role in hydrostatic and power split drives. The mechanical power losses in hydraulic piston pumps come from the friction between parts in relative motion. The improvement, albeit marginal, in overall efficiency of these components may significantly impact the global efficiency of the machine. The friction between slipper and swash plate is a functional key in an axial piston pump, especially when the pump (at low rotational speed or at partial displacement) works in the critical areas where the efficiency is low. The application of special surface treatments have been exploited in pioneering works in the past, trying different surface finishing or adding ceramic or heterogeneous metallic layers. The potential of structured coatings at nanoscale, with superhydrophobic and oleophobic characteristics, has never been exploited. Due to the difficulty to reproduce the real working conditions of axial piston pump slippers, it has been made a hydraulic test bench properly designed in order to compare the performance of nano-coated slippers with respect to standard ones. The nano-coated and standard slippers have been subjected to the following working conditions: a test at variable pressure and constant rotational speed, a test at constant pressure and variable rotational speed. The comparison between standard and nanocoated slippers, for both working conditions, shows clearly that more than 20% of friction reduction can be achieved using the proposed nano-coating methodology.
Pathways to Marriage: Relationship History and Emotional Health as Individual Predictors of Romantic Relationship Formation

Pathways to Marriage: Relationship History and Emotional Health as Individual Predictors of Romantic Relationship Formation Garret Tyler Roundy School of Family Life, BYU Doctor of Philosophy The process of forming a committed, romantic relationship is described as a developmental phenomenon that cannot be accurately viewed without the context of prior relationship experiences because the social competencies that facilitate successful navigation of the tasks of relationship formation are developed in relationships. Furthermore, a cumulative relationship history that has a negative influence may lead to poor emotional health, further disrupting relationship formation processes through that mechanism. Hypotheses were tested using data from a prospective longitudinal study of participants (218 women, 174 men) who were not in a romantic relationship at initial data collection and reported on their relationship status 4 times over the course of 1 year while completing the READY or RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE). Cumulative relationship history and emotional health prospectively predicted the intercepts in longitudinal growth curve analyses of relationship status, while mediational analyses supported the hypothesis that emotional health partially mediates the influence of cumulative relationship history on relationship status. The findings support the developmental conceptualization that interand intrapersonal capacities increase the probability of forming a committed, romantic relationship over time.
USING LITTERED PACK DATA TO ESTIMATE CIGARETTE TAX AVOIDANCE IN NYC

Using data on tax stamps obtained from random samples of littered packs of cigarettes, collected once before and three times after a June 2008 New York State tax increase, we find that baseline New York City tax avoidance is high relative to national estimates, and that rates of avoidance are particularly high in neighborhoods with high levels of poverty and in relatively close proximity to a Native American reservation. The share of littered packs with no tax stamp increased from 15 to 24 percent after the tax increase. We find that in addition to the large increase in avoidance, cigarette consumption declined.
Title Faster Arctic Sea Ice Retreat in CMIP 5 than in CMIP 3 due to Volcanoes Permalink

The downward trend in Arctic sea ice extent is one of the most dramatic signals of climate change during recent decades. Comprehensive climate models have struggled to reproduce this trend, typically simulating a slower rate of sea ice retreat than has been observed. However, this bias has been widely noted to have decreased in models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) compared with the previous generation of models (CMIP3). Here simulations are examined from both CMIP3 and CMIP5. It is found that simulated historical sea ice trends are influenced by volcanic forcing, which was included in all of the CMIP5 models but in only about half of the CMIP3 models. The volcanic forcing causes temporary simulated cooling in the 1980s and 1990s, which contributes to raising the simulated 1979–2013 global-mean surface temperature trends to values substantially larger than observed. It is shown that this warming bias is accompanied by an enhanced rate of Arctic sea ice retreat and hence a simulated sea ice trend that is closer to the observed value, which is consistent with previous findings of an approximately linear relationship between sea ice extent and global-mean surface temperature. Both generations of climatemodels are found to simulateArctic sea ice that is substantially less sensitive to globalwarming than has been observed. The results imply that much of the difference in Arctic sea ice trends between CMIP3 and CMIP5 occurred because of the inclusion of volcanic forcing, rather than improved sea ice physics or model resolution.