Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lax–Oleinik semi-group: a Hamiltonian point of view

The weak KAM theory was developed by Fathi in order to study the dynamics of convex Hamiltonian systems. It somehow makes a bridge between viscosity solutions of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation and Mather invariant sets of Hamiltonian systems, although this was fully understood only a posteriori. These theories converge under the hypothesis of convexity, and the richness of applications mostly comes from this remarkable convergence. In this paper, we provide an elementary exposition of some of the basic concepts of weak KAM theory. In a companion paper, Albert Fathi exposed the aspects of his theory which are more directly related to viscosity solutions. Here, on the contrary, we focus on dynamical applications, even if we also discuss some viscosity aspects to underline the connections with Fathi's lecture. The fundamental reference on weak KAM theory is the still unpublished book Weak KAM theorem in Lagrangian dynamics by Albert Fathi. Although we do not offer new results, our exposition is original in several aspects. We only work with the Hamiltonian and do not rely on the Lagrangian, even if some proofs are directly inspired by the classical Lagrangian proofs. This approach is made easier by the choice of a somewhat specific setting. We work on ℝd and make uniform hypotheses on the Hamiltonian. This allows us to replace some compactness arguments by explicit estimates. For the most interesting dynamical applications, however, the compactness of the configuration space remains a useful hypothesis and we retrieve it by considering periodic (in space) Hamiltonians. Our exposition is centred on the Cauchy problem for the Hamilton–Jacobi equation and the Lax–Oleinik evolution operators associated to it. Dynamical applications are reached by considering fixed points of these evolution operators, the weak KAM solutions. The evolution operators can also be used for their regularizing properties; this opens an alternative route to dynamical applications.
Generation Text: Raising Well Adjusted Kids in an Age of Instant Everything

element in this success is the fact that the authors’ extensive experience as applied contract anthropologists has been complemented and obviously energised by an impressive output in a variety of academic marketing journals and publications. The authors claim that the book was not written as a handbook or primer on how to conduct ethnography. That said, accompanying them down the highways and byways of their multiple ethnographic journeys through offices, ethnic homesteads, coffee houses, computer screens, boardrooms, focus group laboratories, among others, the reader is rewarded with a privileged and potent insight into what consumer anthropologists actually do and what cultural analysis can deliver. Like all worthy ethnographies, the cases that make up this text sparkle with arresting snatches of how the ordinary masks the extraordinary, of the ethnographer’s reflexive dexterity in defamiliarising the familiar, and how the seemingly bland and mundane can serve as loci for rich cultural analysis. Advertising practitioners and academics will find in Chapter 6 a vivid and compelling deconstruction of the cultural payload of an assortment of Antipodean advertisements, a chapter that serves to underscore how advertising has created a space populated by an array of cultural constructs, any of which may present themselves in conjunction with, or even apart from, the brand being promoted. Rhetorical agendas apart, Sunderland and Denny afford the reader a telling exposé of how advertisements also function as ‘a source for gaining currency and therefore competence in what is out there . [of] circulating larger cultural ideas beyond the product’ (p. 132). ‘Entanglement’ is a term they use frequently and to considerable effect to denote the complex web of cultural meanings structuring what ethnographers see. However, they also use it to great effect to capture the prickly interstices between applied anthropological researchers, their corporate clients, advertising agencies, field staff and consumer interlocutors – interstices that both academic anthropologists and consumer researchers rarely frequent. Indeed, taken as a whole, the book serves to underscore the truism that, just as advertising meanings are negotiated by both communicator and audience, ethnographic findings are themselves co-produced by such multiple entangled parties.
Electrophysiological estimates of visual sensitivity in albino and pigmented mice

Abstract We have estimated the absolute threshold of congenic albino and pigmented mice (C57) using ERG, pupillary light reflex, and VHP. We are unable to detect strain differences using ERGs or VEPs, but pupillary thresholds appear to be different. In addition, as we have previously reported for rats, VEP thresholds are considerably lower than the ERG b−wave thresholds. The VEP thresholds agree with behavioral data from pigmented mice made by others. The mouse VEP thresholds are close to the VEP thresholds in rats and the psychophysical thresholds of two human observers.
The Impact of National Culture on Cost of Equity Capital in Cross-Listed Firms

vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.vii LIST OF TABLES.viii LIST OF FIGURES.ix CHAPTERS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 6 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY . 45 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS. 55 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION, LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS . 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 97 APPENDIX A GLOBE, HOFSTEDE, AND SCHWARTZ CULTURAL DIMENSIONS . 106 APPENDIX B RETURN ON COMMON EQUITY (ROCE) REGRESSION RESULTS . 110 CURRICULUM VITA . 114
The Strategic Engagement of Narcissistic CEOs in Earnings Management

In corporate governance literature, the focus often lies on ex-post mechanisms like the composition of the board of directors or ownership structure and their impact on restricting earnings manipulation (Garcia-Meca & Sanchez-Ballesta, 2009). In addition to that a recent string of literature takes personality characteristics like striving for reputation or prestige as an ex-ante measure into account to investigate the relationship between management decisions and managerial misbehaviour (Malmendier & Tate, 2009). This study extends the latter line of literature by examining the relationship between chief executive officers’ (CEOs) narcissistic behaviour and firms’ financial reporting. It is argued that narcissistic persons manipulate accounting choices to enhance a firm’s and inherently their particular track record with the intention of achieving self-enhancement (Olsen, Dworkis, & Young, 2013). To measure an individual’s personality we build on a set of 15 indicators reflecting narcissistic behaviour of 1,126 CEOs in 671 companies listed in the SP especially in the first two years they serve on the board when compared to their less narcissistic peers. Robust to anomalies, which occur in appearance of CEO turnover and succession, we conclude that these CEOs make strategic use of accrual-based earnings in order to polish up the personal track record of their tenure in subsequent years.
State of the art and lessons learnt from the costbenefit analysis methods of distributed resources integration in Europe

Smart grids are expected to be one of the solutions to the new challenges of the European electric systems. However, no global study on costs and benefits of smart grids has been conducted up to now, both at European and at national scales. This paper aims to give an overview of the main characteristics and lessons learnt of cost-benefit analysis implemented in Europe for smart grids and the integration of distributed resources. The study is focused on the methodological aspects and is based on the analysis of two types of project. On the one hand, this paper analyses the economic appraisals of European demonstration projects, and on the other hand, it studies the economic assessments of demonstration projects and economic simulations implemented on a national scale1.
LIPID-BASED FORMULATIONS FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION: OPPORTUNITIES FOR BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT AND LIPOPROTEIN TARGETING OF LIPOPHILIC DRUGS

The identification of increasingly complex intracellular drug targets, escalating requirements in terms of drug potency and the use of combinatorial chemistry libraries and in vitro receptor-based activity assays, has led to a trend toward the identification of increasingly lipophilic lead molecules. The clinical usefulness of highly lipophilic, poorly water-soluble drugs, however, is often limited by their low and variable oral bioavailability, and although co-administration with lipids, lipidic excipients, or fatty meals may improve the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs, the mechanistic aspects of this enhancement are incompletely understood. The inherent physicochemical properties of lipophilic drug molecules dictate that they become associated with endogenous lipidic microdomains, ranging from lipids and lipid digestion products within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to lymph and plasma lipoproteins in the systemic circulation. The affinity with which lipophilic drugs bind to, and interchange between, these carrier systems can have a significant impact on the free drug fraction available for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and can therefore play a major role in defining both drug pharmacokinetics and therapy. J. OF RECEPTOR & SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION RESEARCH, 21(2&3), 215–257 (2001)
OrganJet: Overcoming Geographical Disparities in Access to Deceased Donor Kidneys in the United States

There are over 90,000 patients in the United States waiting for a kidney transplant. Under the current allocation policy, the vast majority of deceased organs are allocated locally. This causes significant disparities in waiting times and access to transplant across different geographical areas. To ameliorate this inequity, we propose an operational solution that offers affordable jet services (OrganJet) to patients on the transplant waiting list, allowing them to list in multiple different, and possibly very distant, donation service areas (DSAs) of their choosing. First, using a fluid approximation, we formulate the patients’ problem of choosing a location to multiple list as a selfish routing game in which each patient tries to minimize his “congestion cost,” i.e., maximize his life expectancy. Through a combination of numerical, simulation, and analytical results, we show that multiple listing can lead to a significant improvement in geographic equity. In the special case when sufficiently many patien.
Can a Barthel score be derived from the FIM?

Objective: To establish whether a Barthel score derived by translation from the motor items of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) would equate to the directly scored measure. Design: Conversion criteria for motor item scores on the FIM scale to Barthel scores were first developed. To test these criteria, 40 consecutive patients were assessed for Barthel and FIM scores by the multidisciplinary team who were unaware of the conversion criteria. The derived Barthel score was compared with the directly scored Barthel Index. Results: A very high degree of correlation was observed between total scores of the direct and derived Barthel (Spearman's rho = 0.99), which is highly significant, and no significant differences were seen between scores for any of the individual items (Wilcoxon signed rank test). Item by item analysis across the study population was undertaken to confirm the conversion criteria. Absolute agreement between the two methods ranged from 75 to 100% and kappa values from 0.53 to 1.0. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a Barthel Index can be derived from the motor items of the FIM and there is a good agreement with the directly assessed Barthel score. Although a larger study may help to delineate the exact conversion criteria for one item, the current system provides an accurate and usable translation of the total score and serves as a major step towards achieving a common language in outcome measurement for rehabilitation.
The Rise and Fall of the European New Markets: On the Short and Long-Run Performance of High-Tech Initial Public Offerings

This paper studies the short- and long-run share price performance of firms that have gone public on the Euro New Markets (EuroNMs) since their foundation in 1996/97. The initial and long-run returns are remarkable in four ways. First, underpricing is on average 2-3 times higher than that on the main markets. Second, the proportion of IPOs with negative initial returns is much higher. Third, the long-run buy-and-hold returns and the cumulative abnormal returns are strongly negative and even substantially more negative than longterm returns on the main markets. Fourth, even across EuroNMs, we find large differences in short- and long-run performance. We show that the performance discrepancies can largely be explained by differences in firm and industry characteristics between the various countries involved.
Distributed Voronoi-Based Self-Redeployment for Coverage Enhancement in a Mobile Directional Sensor Network

A directional sensor network is different from conventional wireless sensor networks. It uses directional sensors instead of omnidirectional ones in the network for different applications, and the effective sensing range is characterized by directionality and size-specific sensing angle. Therefore, conditions of directional sensor networks are dissimilar to those of generic wireless sensor networks for researches, especially on the sensing coverage. This study proposed a distributed approach to enhance the overall field coverage by utilizing mobile and direction-rotatable sensors in a directional sensor network. The algorithm makes sensors self-redeploy to the new location and new direction without global information by utilizing the features of geometrical Voronoi cells. Simulations were used to evaluate and prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the approach contributes to significant field coverage improvement in directional sensor networks.
Negative Symptoms: Relationship to Other Schizophrenic Symptom Classes

If negative symptoms represent a distinct class of schizophrenic symptoms, they should, to paraphrase Bleuler (1911), be more closely related to each other than they are to other schizophrenic symptoms. The first part of this statement, that negative symptoms are intrinsically related to each other, has received considerable experimental support (Andreasen, this volume; Mortimer et al, this volume). The second, that negative symptoms are unrelated to other schizophrenic symptoms, has been somewhat more unevenly investigated.
Controlling Needle Tip Progression During Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia Using the Hydrolocalization Technique

1. Loev MA, Varklet VL, Wilsey BL, Ferrante FM. Cryoablation: A novel approach to neurolysis of the ganglion impar. Anesthesiology 1998;88:1391-1393. 2. Plancarte R, Velazquez R, Patt RB. Neurolytic blocks of sympathetic axis. In: Patt R, ed. Cancer Pain. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Publishers; 1993:417-420. 3. Wemm KJ, Saberski L. Modified approach to block the ganglion impar (ganglion of Walter). Reg Anesth 1995;20:544-545. 4. Munir MA, Zhang J, Ahmad M. A modified needle in needle technique for the ganglion impar block. Can J Anaesth 2004;51:915917. 5. Toshniwal GR, Dureja GP, Prashanth SM. Transsacrococcygeal approach to ganglion impar block for management of chronic perineal pain: A prospective observational study. Pain Physician 2007;10:661-666.
Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation (900 MHz, GSM signal) does not Affect Micronucleus Frequency and Cell Proliferation in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: An Interlaboratory Study

Abstract Scarfì, M. R. , Fresegna, A. M. , Villani, P., Pinto, R. , Marino, C. , Sarti, M. , Altavista, P., Sannino, A. and Lovisolo, G. A. Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation (900 MHz, GSM signal) does not Affect Micronucleus Frequency and Cell Proliferation in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: An Interlaboratory Study. Radiat. Res. 165, 655–663 (2006). The objective of this study was to investigate whether 24 h exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields similar to those emitted by mobile phones induces genotoxic effects and/or effects on cell cycle kinetics in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The effect of 900 MHz exposure (GSM signal) was evaluated at four specific absorption rates (SARs, 0, 1, 5 and 10 W/kg peak values). The exposures were carried out in wire patch cells under strictly controlled conditions of both temperature and dosimetry, and the induction of genotoxic effects was evaluated in lymphocyte cultures from 10 healthy donors by applying the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Positive controls were provided by using mitomycin C. Two research groups were involved in the study, one at ENEA, Rome, and the other at CNR-IREA, Naples. Each laboratory tested five donors, and the resulting slides were scored by both laboratories. Following this experimental scheme, it was also possible to compare the results obtained by cross-scoring of slides. The results obtained provided no evidence for the existence of genotoxic or cytotoxic effects in the range of SARs investigated. These findings were confirmed in the two groups of five donors examined in the two laboratories and when the same slides were scored by two operators.
Bottom-up characterization of the Spanish building stock for energy assessment and model validation

In developed economies such as in the European member states, the largest potential for energy efficiency improvements in the building sector lies in retrofitting existing buildings. Therefore a methodology is being developed which can represent the European building stock by means of reference buildings with the aim to assess the effects of energy saving measures by applying a building energy simulation model developed by the authors: the Energy Assessment of Building Stocks (EABS). In this contex, the present work: 1) presents a characterization of the Spanish building stock by means of archetype (reference) buildings used to simulate its energy demand, 2) serves as a test on the accuracy of applying the EABS model on Spain (i.e. a south European country), including the non-residential sector. The Spanish building stock is represented by 120 archetype buildings corresponding to 6 building types, 5 climate zones and 4 periods of construction. Applying these archetype buildings in the EABS model gives a total energy demand for the residential sector of 181 TWh for the year 2005, which is considered satisfactory since it only differs with 3% (higher) from what is available in the international databases GAINS and Eurostat. Corresponding modeling of the nonresidential sector yields an annual total energy demand of 91TWh, which is about 7% lower than the GAINS/Eurostat figure. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed in the paper.
Enhancement of the “Blue Flag” Eco-label in Italy: an empirical analysis

Abstract Focusing on the Blue Flag, the paper aims to illustrate the role played by certification programmes in destination management and branding, as well as their potential for destination enhancement. The awareness of the benefits and the importance of the Eco-label as perceived by the Italian Blue Flag-awarded destinations and the degree to which the certification is effectively used in their communication strategies have been investigated. The research was conducted by submitting two different questionnaires to all Italian 2012-Blue Flag municipalities. The study reveals that the dynamics leading local authorities to join the Programme have more to do with the return in terms of brand image than with their environmental concerns, although they do little to promote the obtained award.
Hypnotherapy of childhood multiple personality disorder.

Abstract Although it is widely assumed that multiple personality disorder (MPD) originates in childhood and may exist in some form prior to adolescence, cases of MPD among children were not reported between 1840 and 1979. In this paper five contemporary cases of MPD in childhood are described. In all of these cases hypnosis was used, including that of a youngster who has sustained integration for over five years. These observations suggest that adult MPD may be prevented by the proper identification and early treatment of afflicted children.
DNA-binding surface of the Sso7d protein from Sulfolobus solfataricus.

We have used nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy to identify the DNA-binding surface of the abundant, small and basic protein Sso7d from the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. The Sso7d protein was previously found to bind strongly to double-stranded DNA sequences and to protect DNA from thermal denaturation, indicating that it might assume a similar function in vivo. Several amide resonances in two-dimensional n.m. r. 1H, 15N correlation spectra of 15N-enriched Sso7d are shifted and broadened upon addition of small amounts of ten base-pair or 19 base-pair duplex DNA oligomers under conditions where Sso7d-DNA complexes exchange rapidly on the n.m. r. time scale. The locations of the corresponding amides in the Sso7d structure define the surface that interacts with DNA. This surface coincides with a continuous region of strong positive electrostatic potential, which was calculated by means of numerical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. A model of the non-specific Sso7d-DNA complex is suggested based on the present data and previously obtained evidence that Sso7d interacts with the DNA major groove. The protein-DNA interface consists of a triple-stranded beta-sheet, which interacts with the DNA major groove and a reverse turn connecting the two strands of a double-stranded beta-sheet, which interacts with the minor groove. We note that the five (of 14) lysine side-chains that are specifically subjected to N zeta-monomethylation in the cell are located on surfaces of Sso7d that are exposed to the solvent in the proposed Sso7d-DNA complex.