Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A biharmonic maximum principle for hyperbolic surfaces

Let W be a simply connected two-dimensional Riemannian manifold with a Cysmooth metric ds. We can always introduce local isothermal coordinates near any point of W, that is, such coordinates ðx; yÞ that the metric is represented in the form dsðx; yÞ 1⁄4 oðx; yÞðdx þ dyÞ, for some positive weight function o. And since W is orientable as a two-dimensional simply-connected manifold, these local isothermal coordinates can serve as conformal charts for a complex structure on W (see [1], pp. 124–126). The Kœbe uniformization theorem then says that W is conformally equivalent to one of the three sets: the Riemann sphere S 1⁄4 CW fyg, the complex plane C, or the open unit disk D. This equivalence, together with the choice of isothermal coordinates, allows us to identify W with one of the above three sets W supplied with the isothermal Riemannian metric
ReSiStanCe Of alkali aCtivated WateR-COOled Slag geOpOlymeR tO Sulphate attaCk

Ground granulated blast furnace slag is a finely ground, rapidly chilled aluminosilicate melt material that is separated from molten iron in the blast furnace as a by-product. Rapid cooling results in an amorphous or a glassy phase known as GGBFS or water cooled slag (WCS). Alkaline activation of latent hydraulic WCS by sodium hydroxide and/or sodium silicate in different ratios was studied. Curing was performed under 100 % relative humidity and at a temperature of 38°C. The results showed that mixing of both sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate in ratio of 3:3 wt. ,% is the optimum one giving better mechanical as well as microstructural characteristics as compared with cement mortar that has various cement content (cement : sand were 1:3 and 1:2). Durability of the water cooled slag in 5 % MgSO4 as revealed by better microstructure and high resistivity-clarifying that activation by 3:3 sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, respectively is better than using 2 and 6 % of sodium hydroxide.
Analysis of Residual Furan in Human Blood Using Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS)

For an accurate risk assessment of furan, a potential human carcinogen, levels must be determined in human blood plasma using a simple and robust assay. In this study, solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) was used to analyze blood plasma levels of furan in 100 healthy individuals who consumed a normal diet. The subjects were 30 to 70 years of age and 51% were women. Ultimately, an analytical method was established for analyzing furan in human blood. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and furan recovery rate in blood were 1.0 ppb and 104%, respectively. Finally, furan was detected in 21 individuals (13 males, 8 females) with levels ranging up to 17.86 ppb (ng furan/ g food).
Modelling invasive alien species distributions from digital biodiversity atlases. Model upscaling as a means of reconciling data at different scales

There is a wealth of information on species occurrences in biodiversity data banks, albeit presence‐only, biased and scarce at fine resolutions. Moreover, fine‐resolution species maps are required in biodiversity conservation. New techniques for dealing with this kind of data have been reported to perform well. These fine‐resolution maps would be more robust if they could explain data at coarser resolutions at which species distributions are well represented. We present a new methodology for testing this hypothesis and apply it to invasive alien species (IAS).
Perception of Local Community on Corporate Social Responsibility of Brewery Firms in Ethiopia

: The main objective of this study is to examine the perception of local communities towards corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of Brewery firms in Ethiopia. For the study purpose, a cross-sectional research design and survey method was employed. Convenience sampling technique was used to select participants and collected primary data from a total of 595 local communities of major five brewery firms. The study involved some quantitative analyses with the use of statistical tools (descriptive and inferential). T he finding of this study revealed that awareness level of local community about the firms’ CSR initiatives was somewhat good, however, still there were substantial portion of the host community had low level of awareness about CSR initiatives. The study also suggested that the local community with high level of awareness had higher positive perception toward CSR initiatives of firms. In this study CSR initiatives were categorized under the headings of sponsorship and donation; community development and helping the poor; employment opportunities; and environmental responsibility. The study concluded that the local community had positive perception to all categories of CSR initiatives of brewery firms as they rated above the average point (above 3.0). However, firms accorded a limited attention to community development and helping the poor. This study will contribute to the previous research on the practical aspects of CSR by highlighting the influence of demographic factors on perceptions of individuals, including gender, age, and level of education. Thus, this study concluded that gender and level of education influence the perception of local community toward the CSR initiatives of brewery firms but not age factor.
Survival-variation within and between functional categories of the African multimammate rat

1. By identifying ecological factors specific to functional categories of individuals, it may be possible to understand the mechanisms underlying life-history evolution and population dynamics. While empirical analyses within the field of population biology have focused on changes in population size, theoretical models assuming differential sensitivities of population growth rate or fitness to demographic parameters have mostly been untested, particularly against data on small mammals. 2. Statistical modelling of capture–mark–recapture data on the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) from Tanzania shows that: (i) females survive slightly better than males and subadults survive much better than adults; (ii) temporal variation of survival of all individuals is similarly related to the rainfall of the month; (iii) subadults exhibit a strongly density-dependent low persistence rate in the population immediately after their first capture; (iv) subadults survival in later months is, however, positively related to density; and (v) adult survival shows negative density-dependence. 3. Both density-dependent and density-independent factors simultaneously determine stage-dependent survival variation of the multimammate rat. Whereas environmental factors in this population seem to affect survival rates of all individuals in a similar manner, density-dependent relationships are more complex. 4. The patterns of survival variation in small mammals may be different from those observed in large mammals. 5. Further studies of demography in small mammals should aim at understanding how much of the variability in population growth rate is accounted for by the variability of the demographic rates resulting from limiting (density-independent) and regulating (density-dependent) factors, respectively. This study emphasizes the use of robust and accurate statistical methods as well as stage- or age-structured population modelling.
MULTI‐GROUP BIODIVERSITY IN SHALLOW LAKES ALONG GRADIENTS OF PHOSPHORUS AND WATER PLANT COVER

This study aimed at unraveling the structure underlying the taxon-richness matrix of shallow lakes. We assessed taxon richness of a large variety of food-web com- ponents at different trophic levels (bacteria, ciliates, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, macro-invertebrates, and water plants) in 98 shallow lakes from three European geographic regions: Denmark (DK), Belgium/The Netherlands (BNL), and southern Spain (SP). Lakes were selected along four mutually independent gradients of total phosphorus (TP), vege- tation cover (SUBMCOV), lake area (AREA), and connectedness (CONN). Principal-com- ponents analysis (PCA) indicated that taxon diversity at the ecosystem level is a multidi- mensional phenomenon. Different PCA axes showed associations with richness in different subsets of organism groups, and differences between eigenvalues were low. Redundancy analysis showed a unique significant contribution to total richness variation of SUBMCOV in all three regions, of TP in DK and SP, and of AREA in DK and BNL. In DK, several organism groups tended to show curvilinear responses to TP, but only one was significantly hump shaped. We postulate that the unimodal richness responses to TP that are frequently reported in the literature for many organism groups may be partly mediated by the unimodal response of macrophyte vegetation to lake productivity.
On the electrical nature of the axial melt zone at 13° N on the East Pacific Rise

The first controlled source electromagnetic experiment directly on a ridge, with the potential to identify the presence of an axial melt body beneath a fast-spreading center, was conducted at 13oN on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) in 1989. Transmission for 36 hours was achieved by a deep towed horizontal electric dipole source, of moment 6000 Am, operating at frequencies between 1/4 and 8 Hz. Signals from the source were recorded by seven seafloor electric field receivers positioned both along the ridge crest and 5 km to the east on 100,000-year-old crust. Data above ambient noise levels were obtained at ranges of up to 10 kin. The results of modeling observed electric field amplitudes reveal that resistivities in the uppermost crust are very low (,,,1 tim), indicating a heavily fractured, high-porosity surficial layer. Below this topmost layer, the upper 2 km of crust is found to be moderately resistive (,,,100 tim). We find no evidence for a large conductive axial melt body with dimensions on the order of kilometers in the middle or upper crust. If a partial melt body is present, which is continuous along strike and which comprises a connected, and therefore conductive, melt texture, it must be of very limited volumetric extent. This picture is consistent with recently proposed models of a thin sill-like melt lens with across strike dimensions of no more than 1 km and probably with smaller vertical extent. The larger region below the sill, characterized by low seismic velocities, must contain at best a very small melt fraction distributed in isolated pockets, providing further evidence that the EPR at 13oN is currently in a state of relative magmatic quiescence.
Dynamic and Steady-State Characteristics of Dc Machines Fed by Photovoltaic Systems

Abstract This paper presents the dynamical model and analysis of DC shunt, series and permanent-magnet (PM) motors fed by photovoltaic (PV) energy systems at different illuminations. At the full solar intensity, the maximum power point of current/voltage (I/V) characteristic of the PV modules is designed to be at the rated conditions of the machines. The nonlinear behaviour of I/V characteristics of the PV modules and that of the magnetization curve of the ferromagnetic materials of the machines are approximated by polynomial curve fitting. The dynamical analysis of the machines fed by fixed terminal voltage has also been carried out and a comparison between the cases of supplying the motors by fully illuminated solar cells, partially illuminated solar cells and fixed terminal voltage is addressed. The steady-state output characteristics, and the torque-speed characteristics, of the three DC motors with the two inputs are presented and compared. All the simulations are executed using MATLAB.
Algorithm for Supply Chain Management : to Suite the Present Industrial Need

In this paper the effort has been made to compare the mean and variance of both order interval and order quantity produced by the two rules using basic EOQ algorithm and the EOQ algorithm with planned shortage. Algorithm was run and five replications were run for each experimental cell. It is found that LUC lot sizing rule produces higher amount of average order quantity in comparison to SM lot sizing rule in both the algorithms. It is found that the SM lot sizing rule produces a series of orders with more stable interval between orders in both the algorithm as compared to LUC lot sizing rule. The LUC lot sizing rule produces a series of more stable intervals using Basic EOQ algorithm as compared to planned shortage algorithm. For small values of basic order cycles the SM lot sizing rule produces variable amount of average order quantity using basic EOQ algorithm where as planned shortage algorithm produces constant average order quantity. Both the algorithm show different sensitivity to cost values.
Determinants of Public Health Expenditure in Ghana: A Cointegration Analysis

This paper examines the determinants of public healthcare expenditure in Ghana using annual time series data from 1970 to 2008. The paper explored the stationarity and cointegration properties between public healthcare expenditure, and environmental and socio-economic indicators using ERS optimal point unit root test, and Engle-Granger cointegration tests. By this, we examined the long-run impacts of real GDP, CO2 emissions, crude birth rate, life expectancy, inflation, and urbanization on public healthcare expenditure in Ghana. FMOLS technique was applied to estimate the long run multipliers of public health expenditure model. The results of the paper show that public health expenditure in Ghana is positively affected by real GDP, policies that aim to improve healthiness of the population as measured by life expectancy and crude birth rates. We find strong evidence that healthcare is a necessity in Ghana. These variables need more and critical attention to achieve improved healthcare.
Do Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation Mediate the Relationship Between Mental Toughness and Symptoms of Depression?

Mental Toughness (MT) provides crucial psychological capacities for achievement in sports, education, and work settings. Previous research examined the role of MT in the domain of mental health and showed that MT is negatively associated with and predictive of fewer depressive symptoms in nonclinical populations. The present study aimed at (1) investigating to what extent mentally tough individuals use two emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression; (2) exploring whether individual differences in emotion regulation strategy use mediate the relationship between MT and depressive symptoms. Three hundred sixty-four participants (M = 24.31 years, SD = 9.16) provided self-reports of their levels of MT, depressive symptoms, and their habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between MT and two commonly used measures of depressive symptoms. A small statistically significant positive correlation between MT and the habitual use of cognitive reappraisal was also observed. The correlation between MT and the habitual use of expressive suppression was statistically significant, but the size of the effect was small. A statistical mediation model indicated that individual differences in the habitual use of expressive suppression mediate the relationship between MT and depressive symptoms. No such effect was found for the habitual use of cognitive reappraisal. Implications of these findings and possible avenues for future research are discussed.
OKUL YÖNETİCİLERİNİN DERS DIŞI ETKİNLİKLERE YAKLAŞIMLARI

Arastirma; okullardaki egitim-ogretimin ayrilmaz bir parcasi, tamamlayicisi olarak kabul edilen ve ogrencilerin ders disi zamanlarda yaptiklari spor, resim, muzik, tiyatro gibi etkinliklerin organizasyon ve uygulamalarina karsi okul yoneticilerinin yaklasimlarini belirlemeye yoneliktir. Bu amacla; Ankara ilindeki ilk ve ortaogretim kurumlarinda gorev yapan 489 okul yoneticisi (mudur ve mudur yardimcilari) arastirma grubu olarak degerlendirildi. Veriler anket yoluyla elde edildi. Degerler SPSS istatistik paket programinda sonuclandirildi ve yorumlandi. Arastirma bulgulari; okul yoneticilerinin ders disi etkinliklerin okulda yayginlasmasini istediklerini, akademik basanyi artirdigini, kahvehane gibi yerlere gitmenin engellendigini; ayrica bu tur faaliyetlerde en fazla beden egitimi ogretmenlerinden yararlanilmak istendigini, yonlendirmenin de beden egitimi ogretmenleri tarafindan oncelikle yapilmasi gerektigini ortaya koymaktadir. Ders disi etkinlikleri engelleyen en onemli faktor olarak da velilerin gucluk cikarmasi seklinde belirlenmistir.
Computational Modelling for Phase Transformation Prediction in Cast Aluminum-Iron-Silicon Alloys Modern IT technologies for Materials Science applications

The present work shows how it is possible to use computational modelling for the prediction of phase transformation processes in cast aluminum-ironsilicon alloys. Correlation between experimental and modelling data is also discussed. Modelling of alloys phases doesn`t give the actual structure components information, however it allows for prediction of phase transformations during structure formation process under cooling.
Facial Expression 1 Running head: FACIAL CONTROL AS A COPING MECHANISM Facial Expression and Coping Style

Low correlations between self-reported affect and facial activity may result from the operation of display rules dictated by culture or coping style, obscuring a direct relationship between affect and facial expression. This study analyzed the contribution of ethnicity (Asian and Caucasian), gender and coping style to self-reported affect and facial behavior coded using Ekman and Friesen’s FACS. The Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (WAI) classified 84 subjects by coping style. Three conditions were presented: (1) pain evoked by immersion in cold water; (2) humor evoked by comedy routines; (3) sustained tickling. A discriminant analysis of all facial action units across conditions classified subjects by WAI type with 78.9% accuracy, by ethnicity with 90.0% accuracy, and by gender with 88.1% accuracy. Patterns of correlation between self-reported affect and facial activity varied by WAI type. Results suggest that the impact of display rules, including repressive-defensive coping, can be demonstrated using a multivariate approach.
Interaction of dipolar vortices with a step-like topography

The interaction of a barotropic, dipolar vortex with a step-like topography is studied by means of laboratory experiments in a rotating tank and by numerical simulations based on a quasi-two-dimensional model. Two main configurations are analyzed: when the dipole approaches a “low” or a “high” step with respect to the maximum water depth. For relatively low steps, the vortex crosses the topography with a deflected trajectory, while maintaining its dipolar structure. The sense of this deflection depends on whether the dipole reaches a step-up or a step-down. For high steps, in contrast, the dipole is not able to cross the topography, and the reflection of one of the dipole structures is observed. In both cases, one observes a weak flow along the topography with shallow water on its right. The essential features of the flow evolution for low and high steps can be explained by using arguments of potential vorticity conservation due to the weakness of viscous effects. In order to determine whether a barotropic dipole is able to cross the step or is reflected, qualitative criteria based on the step height and dipole strength are derived using inviscid arguments. © 2006 American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.2204070
The Impact of Discourse Markers and Relative Clauses on the Reading Comprehension of EFL Learners

In the realm of reading comprehension, syntactic knowledge has generated a great deal of debate among the researchers who believe in the effectiveness of teaching vocabulary through different methods and strategies, and those who believe in the effectiveness of syntactic knowledge in reading comprehension. The present study investigated the contribution of learners’ syntactic knowledge, namely discourse markers and relative clauses in reading comprehension. A quasi-experimental design was used. Two groups of students were assigned as experimental and control groups. The performances of students in the experimental group were compared with the performances of students in the control group. A series of t- tests was run to determine the impact of syntactic knowledge on reading comprehension. Comparing the mean score of the experimental group with that of the control group on the post-test revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group (p= . 000 DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n1p578
Plant Molecular Defense Mechanisms Promoted by Nanoparticles against Environmental Stress

The alleviation of environmental stress on plants by the application of nanoparticles (NPs) has been a significant trend in the agricultural research of the last decade. Various sources of stress, such as salinity, drought, flooding, low and high temperatures, light, darkness, heavy metals, and microbial pathogens have been shown to be mitigated by NPs. Changes in gene expression associated with NP-based alleviation, however, have not been fully investigated, and the molecular defense mechanisms associated with the enhancement of plant tolerance by NPs need to be better understood. To this end, this paper reviews all available reports regarding plant transcriptomic and proteomic responses to NP-based alleviation of stress conditions. Despite their limited number, these reports discuss molecular defense mechanisms promoted by NPs under stress. Selected studies targeted salinity, drought, flooding, cold, heavy metal cadmium (Cd), fluoride and the antibiotic tetracycline (TC) as sources of abiotic stress, as well as biotic stress caused by pathogens in addition to wounding in plant tissues which might due to abiotic or biotic factors. From these studies, large number of genes appear to be responsive to NPs under stress, suggesting that unique molecular defense patterns arise from the combination of NP treatment and environmental stress. Moreover, transcriptional repression is shown to be the basic molecular mechanism of the plant response to NPs, regardless of type or size. This review provides an illustration of the molecular defense mechanisms promoted by NPs for plants suffering from abiotic or biotic stress. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers
A Comparison of the Severity of Malocclusion Between Two Centres in the United Kingdom and Malaysia: A Preliminary Investigation

The preliminary investigation was carried out to assess the severity of malocclusion between two centres, the dental schools in Leeds, United Kingdom and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 99 study models were analysed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (lOIN). Thestudy models were of patients aged 8to 15 years, equally distributed between male and female patients taken from the undergraduate and staff clinics. Forty nine and fifty study models were analysed at the Leeds Dental School and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, respectively. From this observation, it appeared that the sample of patients treated at the Faculty of Dentistry, Kuala Lumpur presented approximately 25% higher with cases in the severe end of the malocclusion based on the dental health component and almost 70% more with the aesthetic component. Factors contributing to this finding are discussed.