Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Aerobic Exercise, Resistance Training or Combined Training on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combination of aerobic plus resistance training on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: In this interventional study, 152 adults aged 33-69 years with T2DM were recruited from clinic of endocrinology. After a 2-week run-in phase training, 80 subjects were randomly divided into four groups of 20 individuals; aerobic, resistance, combined training, and control groups. Exercise training was performed three times per week for 52 weeks. Results: Significant reduction in the mean HbA1C was noted in the three training groups. All subjects of the training groups showed improvement in postprandial glucose level, blood pressure, Vo2max, and muscular percentage. Furthermore, the reductions of triglycerides in the aerobic and combined training groups were significant. Also, a significant change was observed in body fat percentage in the resistance and combined groups. Combination of two forms of exercise training led to better enhancement in HbA1C and triglycerides compared with each of the aerobic and resistance groups. Conclusion: Both aerobic and resistance trainings are effective interventions for management of T2DM complications. However, the combined training is associated with further enhancement in the studied parameters.
Voltage-Oriented Input–Output Linearization Controller as Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for Photovoltaic Systems

This paper presents a robust input-output linearization controller as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique in a photovoltaic (PV) buck dc-dc converter with applications to dc microgrids, solar vehicles, or stand-alone systems. Due to the control structure proposed in this paper, the MPPT control system is able to track very fast irradiance changes. Meanwhile, the internal stability of the overall closed-loop system is guaranteed for different load scenarios. A sector condition is only required for the load current, which is satisfied for most of the current PV applications. In turn, this condition implies the robustness against oscillations in the dc bus voltage. Finally, the MPPT control system is validated through experimental results, where the closed-loop performance is evaluated under abrupt irradiance and set-point changes, parametric uncertainty, and dc bus load variations.
Exploring Diallelic Genetic Markers: The HardyWeinberg Package

Testing genetic markers for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is an important issue in genetic association studies. The HardyWeinberg package offers the classical tests for equilibrium, functions for power computation and for the simulation of marker data under equilibrium and disequilibrium. Functions for testing equilibrium in the presence of missing data by using multiple imputation are provided. The package also supplies various graphical tools such as ternary plots with acceptance regions, log-ratio plots and Q-Q plots for exploring the equilibrium status of a large set of diallelic markers. Classical tests for equilibrium and graphical representations for diallelic marker data are reviewed. Several data sets illustrate the use of the package.
Use of chemotherapy for patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcomas

For patients with bone sarcomas, chemotherapy has a proven role in the primary therapy of osteogenic sarcoma and Ewing sarcoma but no role for chondrosarcoma. Chemotherapy’s role is currently more limited for patients with soft-tissue sarcomas, as it is generally used to palliate metastatic disease in most subtypes of soft-tissue sarcoma and remains largely investigational in the treatment of operable disease. The chemotherapy regimens for musculoskeletal sarcomas often carry significant potential toxicities, so the efficacy of less intensive and less toxic regimens is a focus of ongoing research.
Acquired and inherited risk factors for developing venous thromboembolism in cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a prospective trial.

BACKGROUND Acquired and inherited risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the incidence of symptomatic VTE were investigated in patients on adjuvant chemotherapy for breast or gastrointestinal cancer (GI). PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective observational study (January 2003 and February 2006), 199 GI (82 women/117 men; age range, 26-84 years) and 182 breast (180 women/2 men; age range, 29-85 years) cancer patients were enrolled and followed-up for symptomatic VTE during adjuvant chemotherapy. The effect of acquired (i.e. age, chemotherapy, tumour histotype, history of thrombosis, body mass index and smoking) and inherited risk factors [i.e. antithrombin, protein C (PC), protein S, homocysteine, activated PC resistance, factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin (PT) mutations) was prospectively evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 30 VTE events (7.87%) were recorded: 28 (7.35%) during treatment and 2 (0.52%) during the subsequent follow-up. Among all the 381 cancer patients, FVL was detected in 14 cases (3.67%) and PT mutation in 10 cases (2.62%). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between the development of VTE and both thrombocytosis [hazard ratio (HR) 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-2.637, P <0.0341] and a prior episode of thrombosis (HR 7.6; 95% CI, 1.77-33.1, P <0.006). FVL and PT mutations were not associated with the risk for VTE. CONCLUSION The present data indicate thrombocytosis and history of thrombosis as risk factors for development of a thrombotic event during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with malignant diseases.
Regulation of prostaglandin synthesis during differentiation of cultured mouse myeloid leukemia cells

Mouse myeloid leukemia cells (Ml) were induced to differentiate into mature macrophages and granulocytes by various inducers. The differentiated Ml cells synthesized and released prostaglandins, whereas untreated Ml cells did not. When the cells were prelabelled with [14C]arachidonate, the major prostaglandins released into the culture media were found to be prostaglandin E2, D2, and F2α in an early stage of differentiation, but the mature cells produced predominantly prostaglandin E2. The synthesis and release of prostaglandins were completely inhibited by indomethacin. Dexamethasone, a potent inducer of differentiation of Ml cells, did not induce production of prostaglandins in resistant Ml cells that could not differentiate even with a high concentration of dexamethasone. These results suggest that production of prostaglandins in Ml cells is closely associated with differentiation of the cells. Homogenates of dexamethasone‐treated Ml cells converted arachidonate to prostaglandins, but this conversion was scarcely observed with homogenates of untreated Ml cells. Dexamethasone and the other inducers stimulated the release of arachidonate from phospholipids. Therefore, induction of prostaglandin synthesis during differentiation of Ml cells may result from induction of prostaglandin synthesis activity and stimulation of the release of arachidonate from cellular lipids. Lysozyme activity, which is a typical biochemical marker of macrophages, was induced in Ml cells by prostaglandin E2 or D2 alone, as well as by inducers of differentiation of the cells, but it was not induced by arachidonate or prostaglandin F2α. These results suggest that prostaglandin synthesis is important in differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells.
Action of somatostatin analogue (SMS 201–995) on the growth‐promoting effect resulting from sustained achlorhydria in rat gastric mucosa, with special reference to endocrine cell behaviour

Abstract We investigated whether a new long‐acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201–995) could antagonize the trophic effect induced by hypergastrinaemia, resulting from chronic omeprazole treatment, on the rat gastric mucosa and particularly on endocrine cell growth. SMS was administered concomitantly with omeprazole for 70 days. Gastric morphometric and cell proliferative parameters, gastric acid secretion and plasma gastrin levels were examined. New findings with omeprazole pointed out: (i) a trophic effect on the antral mucosa and (ii) that the increase observed in gastrin cell number was not due to stimulation of gastrin cell production by omeprazole but more likely to a prolongation of the gastrin cells' life span. As compared to omeprazole alone, simultaneous SMS administration significantly decreased the parietal cell (P < 0·05) and gastrin cell (P < 0·01) labelling indices, mucosal height of total glandular stomach (P < 0·05) and antral mucosal height (P < 0·05). It tended to lower fundic mucosal height and fundic argyrophil cell density (P < 0·2 and P < 0·1, respectively). SMS, in our conditions, did not accentuate the inhibitory effect of omeprazole on gastric acid secretion nor reduce high plasma gastrin levels. We conclude that SMS modestly counteracts the growth‐promoting effect observed in rat gastric mucosa after prolonged omeprazole treatment.
MODELING STREAMFLOW AND WATER QUALITY SENSITIVITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN 20 U.S. WATERSHEDS

Watershed modeling in 20 large, United States (U.S.) watersheds addresses gaps in our knowledge of streamflow, nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus), and sediment loading sensitivity to mid‐21st Century climate change and urban/residential development scenarios. Use of a consistent methodology facilitates regional scale comparisons across the study watersheds. Simulations use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Climate change scenarios are from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program dynamically downscaled climate model output. Urban and residential development scenarios are from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios project. Simulations provide a plausible set of streamflow and water quality responses to mid‐21st Century climate change across the U.S. Simulated changes show a general pattern of decreasing streamflow volume in the central Rockies and Southwest, and increases on the East Coast and Northern Plains. Changes in pollutant loads follow a similar pattern but with increased variability. Ensemble mean results suggest that by the mid‐21st Century, statistically significant changes in streamflow and total suspended solids loads (relative to baseline conditions) are possible in roughly 30‐40% of study watersheds. These proportions increase to around 60% for total phosphorus and total nitrogen loads. Projected urban/residential development, and watershed responses to development, are small at the large spatial scale of modeling in this study.
Surgically Treated, Early-Stage Neuroendocrine Small-Cell Cervical Carcinoma

Fourteen patients with stage IB or IIA neuroendocrine small-cell cervical cancer were treated either by operation alone or operation in combination with postoperative radiotherapy at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center, and Memorial Medical Center of Long Beach, between January 1979 and February 1986. Patients were included in the study only if they met characteristic light and electron microscopic criteria for neuroendocrine small-cell cancer. Thirteen patients underwent radical hysterectomy and one a simple hysterectomy. All patients underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy, with 57% found to have nodal metastases. Twelve of 14 patients are dead of disease eight to 31 months after treatment, and the two living patients had recurrence at 38 and 44 months. One is without evidence of disease 18 months after radiation for a pelvic recurrence, and the other has survived five months after recurrence without treatment. The interval from treatment to recurrence was substantially longer in patients with tumors up to 2 cm in diameter as compared with those greater than 2 cm. Despite the early stage of cancer in these patients, the dismal outcome indicates that traditional modes of therapy for cervical cancer are not effective in cases of neuroendocrine small-cell carcinoma.
An Overview: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques for OFDM Signals

One of the challenging issues for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this paper, we review and analysis different OFDM PAPR reduction techniques, based on computational complexity, bandwidth expansion, spectral spillage and performance. We also discuss some methods of PAPR reduction for multiuser OFDM broadband communication systems.
Establishment of Enhancer Detection Lines Expressing GFP in the Gut of the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis

The gut is a tubular, endodermal organ for digesting food and absorbing nutrients. In this study, we characterized eight enhancer detection lines that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the whole or part of the digestive tube of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Three enhancer detection lines for the pyloric gland, a structure associated with the digestive tube, were also analyzed. These lines are valuable markers for analyzing the mechanisms of development of the gut. Based on the GFP expression of the enhancer detection lines together with morphological characteristics, the digestive tube of Ciona can be subdivided into at least 10 compartments in which different genetic cascades operate. Causal insertion sites of the enhancer detection lines were identified, and the expression pattern of the genes near the insertion sites were characterized by means of wholemount in situ hybridization. We have characterized four and two genes that were specifically or strongly expressed in the digestive tube and pyloric gland, respectively. The present data provide the basic information and useful resources for studying gut formation in Ciona.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients who Do Not Reduce Bacteria from the Lungs have a Worse Prognosis

The authors determined the significance of serial semi-quantitative bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture results in patients undergoing therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia. A total of 32 patients underwent at least 2 nonbronchoscopic BAL studies. Fourteen patients had methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Of these, 11 had more than 100 colony-forming units (cfu) of MRSA/mL of BAL from the follow-up BAL. Eighteen patients had an organism other than MRSA, and 7 of these patients had > 100 cfu of bacteria/mL of BAL from the follow-up BAL. Of the 18 patients with > 100 cfu of bacteria/mL of BAL at follow-up, 14 (79%) died, whereas only 5 of 14 (36%) patients who cleared their bacteria at follow-up died within 28 days. The inability to reduce the bacterial burden from the lower respiratory tract within the first few days of therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia was associated with increased mortality.
PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME: A REAL PAIN IN THE BUTTOCK?

OBJECTIVEHerein, we provide an unbiased review of piriformis syndrome (PS), a highly controversial syndrome for which no consensus exists regarding diagnostic criteria or pathophysiology. METHODSA review of the literature in the English language. RESULTSA nonpartisan review of the medical literature pertaining to PS revealed that the existence of this entity remains controversial. There is no definitive proof of its existence despite reported series with large numbers of patients. CONCLUSIONPS remains a controversial diagnosis for sciatic pain. The debate regarding the clinical significance of PS remains active. Nonetheless, there may be a subset of patients in whom the piriformis muscle is a source of pain. The syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unilateral lower extremity pain.
Involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in the vascular and hyperalgesic components of joint inflammation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the endogenous involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in a model of knee joint inflammation in the mouse. METHODS Following characterization of wild-type (WT) and TRPV1-knockout mice, inflammation was induced via intraarticular (IA) injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). Knee swelling was assessed as diameter, and inflammatory heat hyperalgesia was determined using the Hargreaves technique, for up to 3 weeks. At 18 hours, acute hyperpermeability was measured with 125I-albumin, and cytokines and myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophils, were assayed in synovial fluid extracts. The possibility that exogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) was involved in influencing TRPV1 activation was investigated in separate experiments. RESULTS Increased levels of knee swelling, hyperpermeability, leukocyte accumulation, and TNFalpha were found in WT mice 18 hours after IA CFA treatment compared with saline treatment. Significantly less knee swelling and hyperpermeability were found in TRPV1-/- mice, but leukocyte accumulation and TNFalpha levels were similar in WT and TRPV1-/- mice. Knee swelling in response to CFA remained significantly higher for a longer period in WT mice compared with TRPV1-/- mice, with thermal hyperalgesic sensitivity observed at 24 hours and at 1 week in WT, but not TRPV1-/-, mice. Knee swelling was attenuated (P < 0.05) in TRPV1-/- compared with WT mice 4 hours after IA administration of TNFalpha. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that TRPV1 has a role in acute and chronic inflammation in the mouse knee joint. Thus, selective antagonism of TRPV1 should be considered as a potential target for treatment of acute and chronic joint inflammation.
Formation of Primordial Germ Cells (PGCS) in the Labeo rohita (Ham)

KEY WORDS Labeo rohita is one of the Indian major carp present in all the freshwater ecosystems of India. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are studied by collecting different stages of L. rohita and were identified on the basis of their shape and size. PGCs were elliptical to spherical in shape with clear cytoplasm from 24 hrs hatchling (ah), PGCs were identified and on 60 mm development stage they were located on gonadal ridge. PGCs were bigger than the somatic cells which are present in their vicinity. Migrating germ cells were generally elliptical in shape and produced cytoplasmic extensions which help them in migration and adhesion. PGCs were seem to originate from the gut endoderm and started descending along the wall of intestine. From 24 hrs onwards, mesonephric duct are pushed upwards due to the development of air sacs between kidney and alimentary canal. Gonads were seen suspended in the coelomic cavity from 10 mm stage onwards from the dorsal body wall by a mesentery. Labeo rohita, PGCs, Developmental stages, Gonads
TREATMENT OF ACUTE CELLULAR REJECTION WITH T10B9.1A‐31 OR OKT3 IN RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS1

T10B9.1A-31, a nonmitogenic immunoglobulin Mk monoclonal antibody that detects an epitope on the alpha/beta chains of the T cell antigen receptor (TCRα/β), or OKT3, an anti-CD3 mAb, was employed in a randomized double-blind phase II clinical trial to treat biopsyproven acute cellular renal allograft rejection. Two of the 40 patients initially selected for the protocol were considered to be nonevaluable. Analysis of the remaining 38 patients receiving both living related and cadaveric donor allografts revealed a patient survival of 100% and a graft survival of 97%. Primary rejection reversal was achieved in 18/19 (95%) patients treated with T10B9.1A-31 and in 20/21 (95%) of patients receiving OKT3. The two patients who did not respond to the first mAb responded to the crossover mAb. Rerejection occurred in 3/18 (17%) of patients treated with T10B9.1A-31 and in 3/20 (15%) treated with OKT3. The mean day of rejection reversal was 1.9±0.7 with T10B9.1A-31 and 3.37±1.21 with OKT3 treatment. The rise in mean serum creatinine after mAb administration and the mean creatinine on days 1 through 6 were significantly less in patients treated with T10B9.1A-31. Biopsy specimens analyzed for rejection revealed no significant difference between the T10B9.1A-31 and OKT3 cohorts. The mean serum cre-atinines at 30, 60, 180, and 360 days posttransplantation were the same for both groups. Significantly fewer febrile, respiratory, and untoward effects followed the first dose (day 0) and fewer febrile, gastrointestinal, and neurological side effects occurred with subsequent doses (days 1–9) in patients treated with T10B9.1A-31. Infectious complications occurred in 3/13 patients treated only with T10B9.1A-31, in 9/17 OKT3-treated patients, and in 4/8 patients treated with both mAb. Analysis of human antimouse antibody (HAMA) revealed that the development of HAMA with T10B9.1A-31 was similar to that of OKT3.
Allelic frequencies of HPA‐1 to 5 human platelet antigens in patients infected with hepatitis C virus

Studies have suggested that hepatitis C virus (HCV) may infect not only hepatocytes but may also be carried by platelets. Platelets express more than 20 polymorphic antigenic determinants on their surface, which are called human platelet antigens (HPA). To determine the allele frequency of the HPA‐1 to ‐5 in patients infected with HCV, blood samples were collected from 257 blood donors for the control group and from 191 patients infected with HCV. DNA was isolated and amplified for genes HPA‐1 to ‐4 using PCR Sequence Specific Primers (PCR‐SSP) and HPA‐5 using PCR‐Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). The allelic and genotypic frequency of HPA‐5a in patients infected with HCV was found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the controls, and HPA‐5b from patients infected with HCV was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in controls. The increase in HPA‐5b allelic frequency in HCV infection may indicate a possible association between HCV infection and HPAs. J. Med. Virol. 81:757–759, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effect of Menstruation on Cognitive and Perceptual‐Motor Behavior: A Review

&NA; The increasing demand of women for a greater role in decision‐making capacities and in professional areas raises persistent questions about the effect of menstrual cycle fluctuation on performance. A critical review of research on nonaffective correlates of the reproductive cycle is provided. The methodological problems inherent in such research, such as phase definition, determination of hormonal state, response bias, and generality of results are discussed. Studies using response measures based on self report and social behaviors indicate a behavioral decrement associated with the premenstrual and menstrual phases. Studies utilizing objective performance measures generally fail to demonstrate menstrual cycle related changes. Socially‐mediated expectations are suggested as a possible basis for these contradictory findings.
Purification and properties of benzoate-coenzyme A ligase, a Rhodopseudomonas palustris enzyme involved in the anaerobic degradation of benzoate

A soluble benzoate-coenzyme A (CoA) ligase was purified from the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Synthesis of the enzyme was induced when cells were grown anaerobically in light with benzoate as the sole carbon source. Purification by chromatography successively on hydroxylapatite, phenyl-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite yielded an electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme preparation with a specific activity of 25 mumol/min per mg of protein and a molecular weight of 60,000. The purified enzyme was insensitive to oxygen and catalyzed the Mg2+ ATP-dependent formation of acyl-CoA from carboxylate and free reduced CoA, with high specificity for benzoate and 2-fluorobenzoate. Apparent Km values of 0.6 to 2 microM for benzoate, 2 to 3 microM for ATP, and 90 to 120 microM for reduced CoA were determined. The reaction product, benzoyl-CoA, was an effective inhibitor of the ligase reaction. The kinetic properties of the enzyme match the kinetics of substrate uptake by whole cells and confirm a role for benzoate-CoA ligase in maintaining entry of benzoate into cells as well as in catalyzing the first step in the anaerobic degradation of benzoate by R. palustris.