Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrorheological Fluids

Suspensions of polarizable particles in nonpolarizable solvents form fibrillated structures in strong electric fields. The resulting increase in viscosity of these "electrorheological" fluids can couple electrical to hydraulic components in a servomechanism. The physical properties of these fluids are unusual owing to the long-range, anisotropic nature of the interparticle forces. Immediately after the electric field is applied, elongated chains or columns of particles form parallel to the field. This structure then coarsens as a result of thermal forces between the columns. In shear flows, fluids show yielding behavior at low stresses followed by shear-thinning behavior at higher stresses.
In vitro development of oncogenicity in cell lines established from tracheal epithelium preexposed in vivo to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.

The purpose of these studies was to determine whether carcinogenesis initiated in vivo in tracheal epithelium of rats progresses in vitro upon culturing of the epithelium. Transplanted rat tracheas were exposed to either 150 or 640 µg of 7,12-dimethylbenz( a )anthracene over a period of 2 weeks. Epithelial cell lines were derived from tracheas exposed in this manner and were tested periodically in vivo for development of oncogenicity and for phenotypic changes associated with neoplastic transformation in vitro . Three cell lines were obtained from tracheas preexposed to 150 µg 7,12-dimethylbenz( a )anthracene. Tumorigenicity was demonstrated only in the late passages of 2 cell lines maintained to 400 days or more in vitro . With these cells in vivo tumor latency was 115 to 255 days. Eight of the 9 cell lines derived from tracheas preexposed to 640 µg 7,12-dimethylbenz( a )anthracene have become tumorigenic. Several of these were found to be oncogenic after approximately 200 days in vitro and yielded palpable tumors within 9 to 80 days after inoculation. In several instances inoculation of cells from early passage into immunosuppressed isogenic recipients resulted in the development of keratinic cysts or tumors that regressed. Inoculation of later passages of the same cell lines resulted in the development of invasive tumors. Loss of anchorage dependence of growth was, in most cases, a reliable phenotypic marker for development of oncogenicity, as was colony-forming efficiency on plastic. Growth rate, saturation density, and cell and colony morphology were not. All of the cell lines were epithelial as indicated by ultrastructural characteristics, the production of keratin in vitro , and/or the formation of squamous cell carcinomas upon inoculation in vivo . The cell lines had stable morphological characteristics distinguishing each cell line from any other by growth pattern, cell shape, and degree of keratinization. Our data indicate that the process of carcinogenesis initiated in epithelial cells in vivo continues in in vitro culture. Thus it should be possible to study in detail both the evolution of the neoplastic process and factors affecting its progression.
Surface solid angle-based site points for molecular docking.

We are developing a new site descriptor for the DOCK molecular modeling program suite. Sphgen, the current site description program for the DOCK suite, describes the pockets of a macromolecule by filling a volume with intersecting spheres. DOCK then identifies possible ligand orientations in the pocket by overlapping the atoms of proposed ligands with the sphere centers. Sphgen limits use of the DOCK program to concave binding regions, but macromolecular binding regions can be solvent-exposed rather than buried pockets. We present a more general site descriptor, based on the surface solid angle, which generates site points by determining the solid angle of exposure for points on the surface of the molecule, then identifying patches of surface with similar solid angle values which are then built into site points. We find possible ligand orientations by matching shape-based site points on the ligand and protein and demanding complementary solid angle values. Orientations are evaluated using the DOCK's force field-based score, which evaluates the Coulombic and van der Waals energy. The surface solid angle descriptor displays the complementary characteristics of the interfaces of our test systems: trypsin/trypsin inhibitor, chymotrypsin/turkey ovomucoid third domain, and subtilisin/chymotrypsin inhibitor. The solid angle site points can be used by DOCK to generate orientations within 1.5 A r.m.s.d. of the crystal structure orientation.
Structural Geology of the Décollement at the Toe of the Barbados Accretionary Prism

The base of the Barbados accretionary prism is defined by a decollement, which separates material accreting to the Caribbean Plate from underthrusting Atlantic Ocean sediment. A three-dimensional seismic survey has shown the structure to contain intervals of negative polarity, interpreted as representing pockets of overpressured fluid. Consequently, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 156 was designed specifically to investigate the hydrogeological and deformational behavior of the decollement. Analysis of recovered cores shows the structure to comprise a zone of intensified but heterogeneous deformation, 31 m thick, but 39 m thick if suprajacent breccia and various physico-chemical anomalies are included. The top of the decollement shows a pronounced change in the orientation of magnetic anisotropy, indicating efficient decoupling between the prism and the lower material. Core-scaie deformation features consist principally of fracture networks, stratal disruption and, most especially, zones of scaly fabric. On the basis of thin-section and scanning electron microscope/transmission electron microscopy observations, the scaly fabric is fractal-like, with zones of sheared clay wrapping around relatively undeformed lenses, at all scales down to that of the individual particles. The scaly zones, consisting of a combination of a pervasive flattening fabric and distributed slip surfaces, are viewed as S-C structures. These develop as shear strains supplant initial flattening microstructures, which is termed spaced foliation. Continuing shear strain progressively dissects the undeformed lenses to produce an overall zone that becomes more intensely sheared, better defined, and narrower-the difference between drilling Site 949 and the more landward Site 948. Fabric-parallel color changes and mineralized veins testify to the structural influence on fluid migration along the decollement. This takes place in periodic pulses, judging by compound nature of the veins and the inferred intermittent collapse of pores during shear-zone formation. That is, the deformation and drainage of the decollement are highly heterogeneous, both spatially and through time.
TRC 150094 , a novel functional analog of iodothyronines , reduces adiposity by increasing energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation in rats receiving a high-fat diet

Chronic overnutrition and modern lifestyles are causing a worldwide epidemic of obesity and associated comorbidities, which is creating a demand to identify underlying biological mechanisms and to devise effective treatments. In rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD), we analyzed the effects of a 4-wk administration of a novel functional analog of iodothyronines, TRC150094 (TRC). HFD-TRC rats exhibited increased energy expenditure ( 24% vs. HFD rats; P<0.05) and body weight (BW) gain comparable to that of standard chow-fed (N) rats [N, HFD, and HFD-TRC rats, 97 g, 140 g (P<0.05 vs. N), and 98 g (P<0.05 vs. HFD)]. HFD-TRC rats had significantly less visceral adipose tissue (vs. HFD rats) and exhibited altered metabolism in two major tissues that are very active metabolically. In liver, mitochondrial fatty acid import and oxidation were increased ( 56 and 32%, respectively; P<0.05 vs. HFD rats), and consequently the hepatic triglyceride content was lower ( 35%; P<0.05 vs. HFD rats). These effects were independent of the AMP-activated protein kinase-acetyl CoA-carboxylase-malonyl CoA pathway but involved sirtuin 1 activation. In skeletal muscle, TRC induced a fiber shift toward the oxidative type in tibialis anterior muscle, increasing its capacity to oxidize fatty acids. HFD-TRC rats had lower (vs. HFD rats) plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. If reproduced in humans, these results will open interesting possibilities regarding the counteraction of metabolic dysfunction associated with ectopic/visceral fat accumulation. —Cioffi, F. , Zambad, S. P., Chhipa, L. , Senese, R. , Busiello, R. A. , Tuli, D. , Munshi, S. , Moreno, M. , Lombardi, A. , Gupta, R. C. , Chauthaiwale, V. , Dutt, C. , de Lange, P., Silvestri, E. , Lanni, A. , Goglia, F. TRC150094, a novel functional analog of iodothyronines, reduces adiposity by increasing energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation in rats receiving a high-fat diet. FASEB J. 24, 000–000 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Early Seizures after Severe Closed Head Injury

ABSTRACT: Background: We studied the incidence and clinical significance of early post-traumatic seizures after severe closed head injury. Methods: This prospective study is based on clinical observation of 3340 adult patients with severe closed head injuries, each of them having a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 3 to 8 after trauma. Anticonvulsant agents were not given to these patients unless there was evidence of seizure. Results: One hundred and twenty-one patients (3.6%) experienced seizures within 1 week after head injury; 42 of these (1.26% of the series) had seizures within 24 hours after trauma. The incidence of intracerebral parenchymal damage was found to be higher among those patients who developed seizures in the first week (66.1%) than in those who did not (62.7%). However this result did not reach statistical significance. The patients with early seizures had a lower mortality rate (p < 0.01). In patients who survived from the initial injury, the occurrence of early post-traumatic seizures did not appear to influence the neurological recovery at 6 months after injury. Conclusion: Presence of intracerebral parenchymal damage on CT scan after severe closed head injury does not increase the risk of early post-traumatic seizures. With proper treatment, patients presenting with early seizures may have a lower mortality rate. However, the occurrence of early seizures does not influence the neurological recovery in patients who survive the initial severe closed head injury.
Proteasomes from Dictyostelium discoideum: characterization of structure and function.

We have isolated and purified 20 S proteasomes from Dictyostelium discoideum and characterized their proteolytic activities. Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed 13 distinct spots. Affinity purification with a subunit-specific monoclonal antibody indicated that the preparation was homogeneous, i.e., each individual proteasome appeared to have the full set of subunits. We have not obtained any evidence for changes in subunit composition at different developmental stages. The cDNA clones coding for two subunits (4 and 5), both of the alpha-type, have been cloned and sequenced. It has been shown by immunoelectron microscopy that each proteasome is composed of two identical halves, related to each other by C2 symmetry. The resulting model implies that the alpha- and beta-subunits have a fixed pattern of relationships. D. discoideum proteasomes are found both in the cytosol and, in higher concentrations, in the nucleus.
Role of Smad-interacting Protein 1 (Sip1/Zfhx1b) in the development of the cerebral cortex

Smad-interacting protein 1 (Sip1/Zfhx1b) is a transcription factor that has been previously implicated in TGF-β/BMP signaling and in the etiology of the Mowat-Wilson syndrome. The expression of Sip1 was documented during mouse corticogenesis. The cortex-specific ablation of Sip1 resulted in the lack of hippocampus and dentate gyrus and in severe cortical lamination defects. Sip1 mutant mice exhibited cell death of differentiating cells and decreased proliferation in the region of the prospective hippocampus and dentate gyrus. In Sip1 mutants, the expression of the Wnt antagonist Sfrp1 was ectopically activated in the developing hippocampus and strongly up-regulated in post-mitotic cortical areas. The activity of the non-canonical Wnt effector, JNK, was inhibited in the prospective hippocampus of Sip1 mutants. The dentate gyrus defect was partially rescued by introducing in the Sip1-/- background, a stabilized form of the canonical Wnt mediator β-catenin. Sip1 is therefore essential to the development of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus, and regulates both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling via modulating the levels of Sfrp1. In the Sip1 mutant neocortex, upper layers were expanded at the expense of the deeper layers. The cell specification defects were accompanied by ectopic proliferation, increased apoptotic cell death and premature gliogenesis. As Sfrp1 was strongly up-regulated in the mutant neocortical areas, a role of Sip1 in the modulation of Wnt signaling in the neocortex is suggested.
Perceived Motivational Climate, Sportsmanship, and Students' Attitudes toward Physical Education Classes and Teachers

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations among students' perceptions of motivational climate, sportsmanship attitudes, and attitudes toward content and teachers in physical education. 910 secondary school students ages 13 to 16 years (M = 14.3, SD =1.1) completed Spanish translations of L'Echelle de Perception du Climat Motivational by Biddle, et al., the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale by Vallerand, et al., and the Student Attitudes toward Teacher and Program in Physical Education by Luke and Cope. Structural Equation Modeling showed that perceived mastery climate is a predictor of students' attitudes toward teacher and content and positive sportsmanship attitudes. In contrast, perceived performance climate was not a predictor or mainly predicted negatively the students' attitudes toward the physical education teacher, content, and sportsmanship attitudes. These findings are discussed with regard to the implications for physical educators.
The use of 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes to study competition between ruminal fibrolytic bacteria: development of probes for Ruminococcus species and evidence for bacteriocin production

A total of six oligonucleotide probes, complementary to the 16S rRNA, were evaluated for quantitative and determinative studies of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. On the basis of specificity studies, probes for R. albus (probe RAL196) and R. flavefaciens (probe RFL196) were selected to quantitate these species in mixed culture. In combination with a Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 subspecies probe (SUB1) and a domain Bacteria (formerly kingdom Eubacteria) probe (EUB338), they were used to quantitate these species competing in mixed cultures for cellobiose as the carbon source. In dicultures containing R. albus 8 and F. succinogenes S85, competition was not observed. However, R. flavefaciens FD-1 eventually outcompeted F. succinogenes S85 when cellobiose was the substrate. When R. albus 8 and R. flavefaciens FD-1 were grown together on cellobiose medium, R. albus 8 outcompeted R. flavefaciens FD-1, resulting in undetectable R. flavefaciens 16S rRNA only 1 to 3 h after inoculation, suggesting production of an antagonistic compound by R. albus 8 during rapid growth on soluble substrates. Further, when R. albus 8, R. flavefaciens FD-1, and F. succinogenes S85 were grown together in a triculture, R. flavefaciens FD-1 16S rRNA was detectable for only 2 h after inoculation, while R. albus 8 and F. succinogenes S85 showed a similar competition pattern to that of the dicultures. The results show that the Ruminococcus probes were effective in the measurement of relative populations of selected R. albus and R. flavefaciens strains during in vitro competition studies with F. succinogenes. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A novel role for carbonic anhydrase: cytoplasmic pH gradient dissipation in mouse small intestinal enterocytes

1 The spatial and temporal distribution of intracellular H+ ions in response to activation of a proton‐coupled dipeptide transporter localized at the apical pole of mouse small intestinal isolated enterocytes was investigated using intracellular carboxy‐SNARF‐1 fluorescence in combination with whole‐cell microspectrofluorimetry or confocal microscopy. 2 In Hepes‐buffered Tyrode solution, application of the dipeptide Phe‐Ala (10 mM) to a single enterocyte reduced pHi locally in the apical submembranous space. After a short delay (8 s), a fall of pHi occurred more slowly at the basal pole. 3 In the presence of CO2/HCO3−‐buffered Tyrode solution, the apical and basal rates of acidification were not significantly different and the time delay was reduced to 1 s or less. 4 Following application of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (100 μM) in the presence of CO2/HCO3− buffer, addition of Phe‐Ala once again produced a localized apical acidification that took 5 s to reach the basal pole. Basal acidification was slower than at the apical pole. 5 We conclude that acid influx due to proton‐coupled dipeptide transport can lead to intracellular pH gradients and that intracellular carbonic anhydrase activity, by facilitating cytoplasmic H+ mobility, limits their magnitude and duration.
The psychosedative properties of methaminodiazepoxide.

Methaminodiazepoxide shows muscle relaxant and sedative effects in mice. It depresses avoidance responding and spontaneous locomotor activity of normal rats and has a calming effect on rats made irritable by lesions in the septal area of the brain. In dogs, it produced ataxia at doses below those causing sleep. In monkeys, a loss of agressive behavior was observed at doses which did not depress general activity or avoidance behavior. This compound showed anticonvulsant activity in mice and anti-inflammatory effects in rats. It produced appetite stimulation in rats and dogs. Chronic administration to rats and dogs did not produce severe toxic manifestations; no evidence of cumulative toxicity or deleterious effects on the processes of reproduction were detected.
The effects of stimulus set size and word frequency on verbal serial recall

Two experiments are reported which examine immediate serial recall for high-and low-frequency words. The words in each list were either repeatedly drawn from the same small pool of candidates (in the closed set conditions) or each word only ever occurred once during the experiment (in the open set conditions). The results consistently show an effect of word frequency but the effect of set size was only apparent for low-frequency words. It is argued that both frequency and set size effects reflect processes concerning the “clean-up” of degraded short-term memory traces.
THE NEW MARRIAGE: PEDIATRICS AND PSYCHOLOGY.

I WAS MOST willing to speak at this meeting because I sense a new liaison between the behavioral sciences and pediatrics, and I feel a bit like a participant in an ecumenical council. I am excited by the contemporary marriage between pediatrics and the social sciences, a marriage that should lead to a corpus of cognitive products that would not have occurred had each remained single for much longer. I do not wish to celebrate this new relation by reminding us of the mutual intellectual gains of cross-disciplinary work. These gains are relatively obvious and can be summarized succinctly. A liaison between pediatric and psychological inquiry forces the behavioral scientist into direct contact with psychopathology. This often brutal exposure has two immediate therapeutic effects. First, it forces a questioning of any rigid theoretical orthodoxy which the social scientist might have been hiding under, for the chasm between the best of
Topographic map reorganization in cat area 17 after early monocular retinal lesions

Neither discrete peripheral retinal lesions nor the normal optic disk produces obvious holes in one's percept of the world because the visual brain appears to perceptually “fill in” these blind spots. Where in the visual brain or how this filling in occurs is not well understood. A prevailing hypothesis states that topographic map of visual cortex reorganizes after retinal lesions, which “sews up” the hole in the topographic map representing the deprived area of cortex (cortical scotoma) and may lead to perceptual filling in. Since the map reorganization does not typically occur unless retinotopically matched lesions are made in both eyes, we investigated the conditions in which monocular retinal lesions can induce comparable map reorganization. We found that following monocular retinal lesions, deprived neurons in cat area 17 can acquire new receptive fields if the lesion occurred relatively early in life (8 weeks of age) and the lesioned cats experienced a substantial period of recovery (>3 years). Quantitative determination of the monocular and binocular response properties of reactivated units indicated that responses to the lesioned eye for such neurons were remarkably robust, and that the receptive-field properties for the two eyes were generally similar. Moreover, excitatory or inhibitory binocular interactions were found in the majority of experimental units when the two eyes were activated together. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that map reorganization after monocular retinal lesions require experience-dependent plasticity and may be involved in the perceptual filling in of blind spots due to retinal lesions early in life.
Reduced Donaldson–Thomas invariants and the ring of dual numbers

Let A be an abelian variety. We introduce A ‐equivariant Grothendieck rings and A ‐equivariant motivic Hall algebras, and endow them with natural integration maps to the ring of dual numbers. The construction allows a systematic treatment of reduced Donaldson–Thomas (DT) invariants by Hall algebra techniques. We calculate reduced DT invariants for K3×E and abelian threefolds for several imprimitive curve classes. This verifies (in special cases) multiple cover formulas conjectured by Oberdieck–Pandharipande and Bryan–Oberdieck–Pandharipande–Yin.
The relationship between productive and counterproductive work behaviour across four European countries

Research suggesting a similar but different relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and Counterproductive Work Behaviour (CWB) is dominated by North American samples. Little evidence exists on whether these findings are replicated in other countries. To assess if a similar pattern emerged, we used the Social Axioms model (Bond et al., 2004) as a cultural framework and surveyed employees in the UK (105), The Netherlands (203), Turkey (185), and Greece (70) on the relationship between OCB and CWB, and the relationship between these behaviours and personality, justice, and commitment. Analysis supported a multidimensional structure to OCB and CWB and indicated a nonbipolar relationship between these behaviours. Culturally, somewhat different to OCB research in general, we find support for a convergence perspective across countries. Conceptually, linguistically and structurally the scale assessing OCB/CWB was shown to be equivalent across countries and a nonbipolar pattern of relationships was consistent across countries. Overall, findings imply a universal nature to the relationship between OCB and CWB across societal cultural groups.