Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overcoming inequality in regional innovation ecosystems : the Basque country and the advance of economic democracy

Cities and regions across the world have embarked on designing and implementing place-based economic development strategies for clustering innovation and entrepreneurship. This rising trend can be seen in the proliferation of Innovation Districts and Regional Innovation Ecosystems across many metropolitan regions in the US, Europe, and cities in the Global South. While many of these strategies rely heavily on urban physical transformation, most of them are the manifestation of a well-defined economic development policy that has been proven conducive to rising inequality. Moreover, the policies designed for territorializing innovation through regional ecosystems have prioritized wealth creation in ways that ladders of opportunity are only accessible to specific sectors of society. In turn, this has contributed to increasing inequality and disproportionately affected minorities and disenfranchised communities. Together with the negative consequences of skillbiased technological change and its profound impact on labor, the proliferation of strategies for clustering innovation have also created challenges in spatial and socioeconomic segregation in regions. Using the case of the Basque Country in Spain, this thesis examines the conditions that have enabled the establishment of a successful regional innovation ecosystem while advancing economic democracy at the same time. By examining the political economy of Basque economic development planning, the emergence of cooperative networks of firms such as Mondragon, and the local social and cultural, enabling factors, this thesis will produce a set of recommendations to policymakers and practitioners engaged in developing regional innovation ecosystems. Thesis advisor: J. Phillip Thompson Title: Associate Professor of Political Science and Urban Planning Reader: Nicholas luviene.
2MASS J035523.37+113343.7: A YOUNG, DUSTY, NEARBY, ISOLATED BROWN DWARF RESEMBLING A GIANT EXOPLANET

We present parallax and proper motion measurements, near-infrared spectra, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer photometry for the low surface gravity L5γ dwarf 2MASS J035523.37+113343.7 (2M0355). We use these data to evaluate photometric, spectral, and kinematic signatures of youth as 2M0355 is the reddest isolated L dwarf yet classified. We confirm its low-gravity spectral morphology and find a strong resemblance to the sharp triangular shaped H-band spectrum of the ∼10 Myr planetary-mass object 2M1207b. We find that 2M0355 is underluminous compared to a normal field L5 dwarf in the optical and Mauna Kea Observatory J, H, and K bands and transitions to being overluminous from 3 to 12 μm, indicating that enhanced photospheric dust shifts flux to longer wavelengths for young, low-gravity objects, creating a red spectral energy distribution. Investigating the near-infrared color–magnitude diagram for brown dwarfs confirms that 2M0355 is redder and underluminous compared to the known brown dwarf population, similar to the peculiarities of directly imaged exoplanets 2M1207b and HR8799bcd. We calculate UVW space velocities and find that the motion of 2M0355 is consistent with young disk objects (<2–3 Gyr) and it shows a high likelihood of membership in the AB Doradus association.
REVISITING DIRECT BOOTSTRAP RESAMPLING FOR INPUT MODEL UNCERTAINTY

Metamodel-based bootstrap methods for characterizing input model uncertainty have disadvantages for settings where there are a large number of input distributions, or when using empirical distributions to drive the simulation. Early direct bootstrapping of empirical distributions did not take into account the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic variations in the resampled quantities. When the intrinsic uncertainty is large, the result is overcoverage of the bootstrap percentile intervals. We explore ways of accounting for both sources in direct bootstrap characterization of input model uncertainty, and study the impact on confidence interval (CI) coverage. Four new bootstrap-based CIs for the expected simulation output under the unknown true distribution are proposed, basic shrinkage CI, percentile shrinkage CI, basic hierarchical bootstrap CI, and percentile hierarchical bootstrap CI, and their empirical performances are demonstrated using an example.
The New York Irish in the 1850s : locked in by poverty?

The near elderly are a vulnerable segment of the population with high-expected medical expenses. Individuals who retire before Medicare eligibility may lose employer provided health insurance, and may face a potentially costly uninsured period. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study from 1992 to 2002 to profile the insurance status of workers who retire. We also evaluate the role of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in reducing the number of uninsured among the near elderly. We find that a relatively small proportion of workers lose health insurance on retirement; however, we find no evidence that HIPAA has helped these workers
Determination of critical period for weed control in intensive and non-intensive sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L., Poaceae) production systems in center Côte d’Ivoire

Field experiments were conducted in Zuenoula and Yamoussoukro for determining Critical Period for Weed Control (CPWC) in sugarcane. The treatments consisted in two sets of weed interference. In the first set, the crop was kept weed-free until 31, 61, 92, 123 days after planting (DAP) in Zuenoula and until 32, 69, 98 and 162 DAP in Yamoussoukro. In the second set, weeds were permitted to grow within the crop until the above-mentioned DAP. The CPWC was determined for 5, 10, 15 and 20% acceptable yield loss levels by fitting Logistic and Gompertz nonlinear equations to relative yield data. In both locations, increasing the duration of weed interference decreased sugarcane yield significantly. In Zuenoula, the CPWC was from 28 to 117, 30 to 93, 32 to 75 and 34 to 59 DAP to prevent yield losses of 5, 10, 15 and 20%, respectively. In Yamoussoukro, the CPWC ranged from 38 to 163, 39 to 112, 40 to 99 and from 40 to 91 DAP to prevent yield losses of 5, 10, 15 and 20%, respectively. Results suggest weed control between 28 and 117 DAP in Zuenoula and between 38 and 163 DAP in Yamoussoukro to provide maximum yield. Keywords : Weed interference, Gompertz, Logistic, weed control, yield.
Habitat, Fish Species, and Fish Assemblage Associations of the Topeka Shiner in West-Central Iowa

Abstract Our goal was to identify habitat, fish species, and fish assemblages associated with the occurrence of Topeka Shiners Notropis topeka in stream and off-channel habitat (OCH) of west-central Iowa. Fish assemblages and habitat characteristics were estimated in 67 stream and 27 OCH sites during 2010–2011. Topeka Shiners were sampled in 52% of OCH sites, but in only 9% of stream sites, which supports the hypothesis that OCH is an important component of their life history. Fish assemblages containing Topeka Shiners were different from those that did not contain Topeka Shiners in OCH sites, but this was not evident in stream sites. Results from logistic regression models suggested that Topeka Shiner presence was associated with increased submerged vegetation and abundance of Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas. Contrary to the findings of other studies, the abundance of large piscivorous fishes was not associated with the occurrence of Topeka Shiners. Our results provide new information about the biolog.
Species-specific impacts of a small marine reserve on reef fish production and fishing productivity in the Turks and Caicos Islands

Marine reserves are widely considered to potentially benefit reef fisheries through emigration, yet the empirical basis for predicting the extent of this for small reserves is weak. The effects of fishing pressure and habitat on biomass and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of three species of exploited reef fish were studied at South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands. Distribution and abundance of hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus) and white margate (Haemulon album) were inversely correlated with cover of fleshy macroalgae. Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) were positively associated with vertical relief, but were unaffected by algal cover. Mean size, density, and biomass of hogfish were higher in a small (4 km2) marine reserve than on fished reefs, as was biomass of white margate. CPUE of hogfish was inversely related to distance from the centre of the reserve, suggesting that spillover of this species from the reserve to adjacent reefs may enhance local yields, possibly providing economic incentives for fishers to comply with reserve regulations. Fishing pressure, however, had no apparent effect on Nassau grouper. Larger fishes and those that migrate to spawn, such as economically valuable Nassau grouper, may move over too large a range to be effectively protected by small marine reserves. Small reserves may not protect all fish, but they can increase the biomass of smaller or more sedentary reef fishes and may be a useful tool for the conservation or management of species such as hogfish. Other policy options, such as seasonal spawning closures or total allowable catches, need to be considered for larger, more mobile fishes in the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Phylogenetic relationships and the newly discovered sexual state of Talaromyces flavovirens , comb. nov.

Typical Talaromyces ascomata were observed on dry Quercus suber leaf litter amongst the characteristic synnemata of Penicillium aureocephalum, and they appear to represent the sexual state of the latter species. The species is a synonym of the older Lasioderma flavovirens, and we propose the new combination Talaromyces flavovirens. Lectotype and epitype specimens are designated for this name. The defining characters of the asexual state include yellow, short-stalked, mycetozoan-like synnemata with an unusual, almost closed terminal head of penicillate conidiophores intermixed with sinuous hyphae, and dark green conidia. Ascomata could not be induced in culture, but PCR amplifications of mating-type genes indicate the species is heterothallic. In nature, ascocarp initials appear to be antheridia coiled around clavate ascogonia, similar to those of T. flavus, and the thick-walled, spiny ascospores are also similar to those of T. flavus. ITS barcodes and β-tubulin sequences place T. flavovirens in a clade with T. apiculatus, T. flavus, T. funiculosus, T. galapagensis, T. pinophilus, T. macrosporus, and seven other species.
Mg ii ABSORPTION AT 2 < z < 6 WITH MAGELLAN/FIRE. II. A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF H i, METALS, AND IONIZATION IN GALACTIC HALOS

We present a detailed study of H i and metals for 110 Mg ii absorption systems discovered at 1.98 ⩽ z ⩽ 5.33 in the infrared spectra of high-redshift QSOs. Using new measurements of rest-frame UV lines from optical spectra of the same targets, we compare the high-redshift sample with carefully constructed low-redshift control samples from the literature to study evolutionary trends from z = 0 → 5.33 (>12 Gyr). We observe a significant strengthening in the characteristic N(H i) for fixed Mg ii equivalent width as one moves toward higher redshift. Indeed, at our sample's mean = 3.402, all Mg ii systems are either damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs) or sub-DLAs, with 40.7% of systems exceeding the DLA threshold (compared to 16.7% at = 0.927). We set lower limits on the metallicity of the Mg ii systems where we can measure H i; these results are consistent with the full DLA population. The classical Mg ii systems (Wλ27960 = 0.3–1.0 Å), which preferentially associate with sub-DLAs, are quite metal rich at ∼0.1 solar. We applied quantitative classification metrics to our absorbers to compare with low-redshift populations, finding that weak systems are similar to classic Mg ii absorbers at low redshift. The strong systems either have very large Mg ii and Fe ii velocity spreads implying non-virialized dynamics or are more quiescent DLAs. There is tentative evidence that the kinetically complex systems evolve in similar fashion to the global star formation rate. We speculate that if weaker Mg ii systems represent accreting gas as suggested by recent studies of galaxy-absorber inclinations, then their high metal abundance suggests re-accretion of recently ejected material rather than first-time infall from the metal-poor intergalactic medium, even at early times.
Tissue and host species-specific transcriptional changes in models of experimental visceral leishmaniasis

Background: Human visceral leishmaniasis, caused by infection with Leishmania donovani or L. infantum, is a potentially fatal disease affecting 50,000-90,000 people yearly in 75 disease endemic countries, with more than 20,000 deaths reported. Experimental models of infection play a major role in understanding parasite biology, host-pathogen interaction, disease pathogenesis, and parasite transmission. In addition, they have an essential role in the identification and pre-clinical evaluation of new drugs and vaccines. However, our understanding of these models remains fragmentary. Although the immune response to Leishmania donovani infection in mice has been extensively characterized, transcriptomic analysis capturing the tissue-specific evolution of disease has yet to be reported. Methods: We provide an analysis of the transcriptome of spleen, liver and peripheral blood of BALB/c mice infected with L. donovani. Where possible, we compare our data in murine experimental visceral leishmaniasis with transcriptomic data in the public domain obtained from the study of L. donovani-infected hamsters and patients with human visceral leishmaniasis. Digitised whole slide images showing the histopathology in spleen and liver are made available via a dedicated website, www.leishpathnet. org. Results: Our analysis confirms marked tissue-specific alterations in the transcriptome of infected mice over time and identifies previously unrecognized parallels and differences between murine, hamster and human responses to infection. We show commonality of interferon-regulated genes whilst confirming a greater activation of type 2 immune pathways in infected hamsters compared to mice. Cytokine genes and genes encoding immune checkpoints were markedly tissue specific and dynamic in their expression, and pathways focused on non-immune cells reflected tissue specific immunopathology. Our data also addresses the value of measuring peripheral blood transcriptomics as a potential window into underlying systemic disease. Conclusions: Our transcriptomic data, coupled with histopathologic analysis of the tissue response, provide an additional resource to underpin future mechanistic studies and to guide clinical research.
Adaptation of a vocabulary test from British Sign Language to American Sign Language

This study describes the adaptation process of a vocabulary knowledge test for British Sign Language (BSL) into American Sign Language (ASL) and presents results from the first round of pilot testing with 20 deaf native ASL signers. The web-based test assesses the strength of deaf children’s vocabulary knowledge by means of different mappings of phonological form and meaning of signs. The adaptation from BSL to ASL involved nine stages, which included forming a panel of deaf/hearing experts, developing a set of new items and revising/replacing items considered ineffective, and piloting the new version. Results provide new evidence in support of the use of this methodology for assessing signed languages, making a useful contribution toward the availability of tests to assess deaf children’s signed language skills.
Diamagnetism and density-wave order in the pseudogap regime of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x

Clear experimental evidence of charge density wave correlations competing with superconducting order in YBCO have thrust their relationship with the pseudogap regime into the spotlight. To aid in characterizing the pseudogap regime, we propose a dimensionless ratio of the diamagnetic susceptibility to the correlation length of the charge density wave correlations. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compute this ratio on the classical model of Hayward et. al. (Science 343, 1336 (2014)), which describes angular fluctuations of a multicomponent order, capturing both superconducting and density wave correlations. We compare our results with available data on YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$, and propose experiments to clarify the value of this dimensionless ratio using existing samples and techniques.
L O ] 6 O ct 2 01 8 System Consequence

This paper discusses system consequence, a central idea in the project to lift the theory of information flow to the abstract level of universal logic and the theory of institutions. The theory of information flow is a theory of distributed logic. The theory of institutions is abstract model theory. A system is a collection of interconnected parts, where the whole may have properties that cannot be known from an analysis of the constituent parts in isolation. In an information system, the parts represent information resources and the interconnections represent constraints between the parts. System consequence, which is the extension of the consequence operator from theories to systems, models the available regularities represented by an information system as a whole. System consequence (without part-to-part constraints) is defined for a specific logical system (institution) in the theory of information flow. This paper generalizes the idea of system consequence to arbitrary logical systems.
BASBL : BRANCH-AND-SANDWICH BILEVEL SOLVER . II . 1 IMPLEMENTATION AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY 2 WITH THE BASBLIB TEST SET

We describe BASBL, our implementation of the deterministic global optimization 5 algorithm Branch-and-Sandwich for nonconvex/nonlinear bilevel problems, within the open-source 6 MINOTAUR framework. The solver incorporates the original Branch-and-Sandwich algorithm and mod7 ifications proposed in the first part of this work. We also introduce BASBLib, an extensive online 8 library of bilevel benchmark problems collected from the literature and designed to enable contri9 butions from the bilevel optimization community. We use the problems in the current release of 10 BASBLib to analyze the performance of BASBL using different algorithmic options. 11
Equational bases and nonmodular lattice varieties

This paper is focused on equational theories and equationally defined varieties of lattices which are not assumed to be modular. It contains both an elementary introduction to the subject and a survey of open problems and recent work. The concept of a "splitting" of the lattice of lattice theories is defined here for the first time in print. These splittings are shown to correspond bi-uniquely with certain finite lattices, called "splitting lattices". The problems of recognizing whether a given finite lattice is a splitting lattice, whether it can be embedded into a free lattice, and whether a given interval in a free lattice is atomic are shown to be closely related and algorithmically solvable. Finitely generated projective lattices are characterized as being those finitely generated lattices that can be embedded into a free lattice. Introduction. What we do in this paper is fairly described by the phrase "equational model theory of lattices. " We take this in a broad sense, as the study of lattices and their equational theories, with particular emphasis on finding connections relating algebraic properties of lattices to various properties of their theories. Since many interesting properties of lattice theories can be defined abstractly, purely by reference to the lattice of all such theories, we are naturally led to investigate the structure of S the lattice of all equational theories of lattices. Recent studies in this largely unexplored field have been greatly stimulated by a paper of Bjarni Jónsson [6]. The central result of that paper (L6, Corollary 3.2], stated below as Lemma 1.4) has already found a number of applications, in the original paper as well as in [l], [7], L9J and the present paper. Broadly speaking, Jónsson's result tells us that the cords binding lattices to their theories are much more tightly drawn than one would expect on the basis of experience with other equationally defined classes of algebras, such as groups and rings. The happy consequences of this fact, both for the algebraic and the equational study of lattices, will hardly be exhausted by the present paper; and we expect other researchers to take up the challenge. To that end, we have given Received by the editors March 5, 1969. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 08A15, 06A20, 02G05, 02G15.
DUST AND GAS IN THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS FROM THE HERITAGE HERSCHEL KEY PROJECT. I. DUST PROPERTIES AND INSIGHTS INTO THE ORIGIN OF THE SUBMILLIMETER EXCESS EMISSION

The dust properties in the Large and Small Magellanic clouds (LMC/SMC) are studied using the HERITAGE Herschel Key Project photometric data in five bands from 100 to 500 μm. Three simple models of dust emission were fit to the observations: a single temperature blackbody modified by a power-law emissivity (SMBB), a single temperature blackbody modified by a broken power-law emissivity (BEMBB), and two blackbodies with different temperatures, both modified by the same power-law emissivity (TTMBB). Using these models, we investigate the origin of the submillimeter excess, defined as the submillimeter emission above that expected from SMBB models fit to observations <200 μm. We find that the BEMBB model produces the lowest fit residuals with pixel-averaged 500 μm submillimeter excesses of 27% and 43% for the LMC and SMC, respectively. Adopting gas masses from previous works, the gas-to-dust ratios calculated from our fitting results show that the TTMBB fits require significantly more dust than are available even if all the metals present in the interstellar medium (ISM) were condensed into dust. This indicates that the submillimeter excess is more likely to be due to emissivity variations than a second population of colder dust. We derive integrated dust masses of (7.3 ± 1.7) × 105 and (8.3 ± 2.1) × 104 M☉ for the LMC and SMC, respectively. We find significant correlations between the submillimeter excess and other dust properties; further work is needed to determine the relative contributions of fitting noise and ISM physics to the correlations.
Re-analysis of the $\Lambda(1520)$ photoproduction reaction

Based on previous studies that support the important role of the N * ( 2120 ) D 13 resonance in the γ p → K + Λ ( 1520 ) reaction, we make a re-analysis of this Λ ( 1520 ) photoproduction reaction taking into account the recent CLAS differential cross-section data. In addition to the contact, t -channel K ¯ exchange, s -channel nucleon pole, and N * ( 2120 ) [previously called N * ( 2080 ) ] resonance contributions, which have been considered in previous works, we also study the u -channel Λ ( 1115 ) hyperon pole term. The latter mechanism has always been ignored in all theoretical analysis, which has mostly relied on the very forward K + angular LEPS data. It is shown that when the contributions from the N * ( 2120 ) resonance and the Λ ( 1115 ) hyperon are taken into account, both the new CLAS and the previous LEPS data can be simultaneously described. We also show that the contribution from the u -channel Λ ( 1115 ) pole term produces an enhancement for large K + angles, and it becomes more and more relevant as the photon energy increases, being essential to describe the CLAS differential cross sections at backward angles. Furthermore, we find that the new CLAS data also favor the existence of the N * ( 2120 ) resonance and that these measurements can be used to further constrain its properties.