Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of urinary leishmanial antigen by latex agglutination test ( KA tex) in kala-azar patients

Background: A new unique latex agglutination test (KAtex) that detects a stable, nonprotein, disease specific parasite antigen in the freshly voided urine of patients suffering from active kala-azar has been introduced by Kalon Biological Ltd. UK. This is absolutely non-invasive method of diagnosis for visceral leishmaniasis and suitable for implementation as a rapid diagnostic tool at the point of care. Objective: Diagnostic potential of KAtex was evaluated among clinically suspected kala-azar patients in an endemic zone of Bangladesh. Methodology: KAtex was done using freshly voided urine according to the manufacturer’s instructions for sixty (60) clinically suspected patients of kala-azar admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Bangladesh and forty (40) healthy controls during December 2005 to June 2006. Leishmania nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Ln-PCR) using peripheral blood buffy coat was performed for all study population (100) and Ln-PCR positive cases were considered as confirmed cases of kalaazar. Results: Out of 60 clinically suspected kala-azar patients, 56 were Ln-PCR positive and 53 of 56 Ln-PCR positive cases were KAtex positive (sensitivity, 94.64%; Mantel-Haenszel Chi sq. 79.66, p= 0.0000, confidence interval [CI], >95 to 100%). None of the healthy controls was found positive by Ln-PCR but 2 of 40 were KAtex positive (specificity, 95%; confidence interval [CI], >95 to 100%). The positive and negative predictive values of KAtex were noted as 98.10% and 92.85% respectively. Conclusion: This limited prospective study suggests that KAtex is an absolutely non-invasive urinebased antigen detection test with high sensitivity and specificity and may be useful for screening active kala-azar patients, particularly suitable for field use. Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis; Kala-azar; KAtex; Ln-PCR; sensitivity; specificity. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4. 6688 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.216-222
FOCUSED WORKSHOPS

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic disorder leading to progressive impairment of motor function and reducing patients’ quality of life and their ability to perform daily living activities. In the advanced phase, responsiveness to dopaminergic treatment gradually subsides and non-responsive symptoms (gait disorders, postural instability, and “freezing” phenomena) frequently occur. A solid rationale for rehabilitation is present in PD and patients may benefit from treatments focused on reducing secondary complications and optimising the residual functional capacity. Physical therapy in PD has been characterized by largely heterogeneous approaches and a consensus for “standard treatment” is still lacking. Recent evidence-based reviews provided sufficient support and recommendations for practice, suggesting a physiological approach to compensate for the defective mechanisms of basal ganglia function (automatic execution of learned motor programmes, planning and movement initiation). New movement strategies for brady-akinesia can be developed, based on physiological principles such as increased cortical activation and motor imagery, facilitation of motor activities by cueing strategies, attentional control and avoiding of dual task performance. In addition, locomotor training and aerobic exercises can be used to improve balance, joint mobility and physical endurance capacity and reduce the metabolic costs. Learning new motor strategies to be used within the context of everyday living tasks can help the patients to circumvent dopamine deficits and transform automatic movements in voluntarily controlled movements; however the observed benefits are usually short lasting and largely dependent on intact cognition, patients’ motivation and caregivers’ support.
Acute retropharyngeal abscess in children: the Kano experince

Background: Infection within the retropharyngeal space could progress on to an abscess formation. Retropharyngeal abscess can be a life- threatening emergency, with potential for airway obstruction. Aim: This review was aimed at highlighting the features and management of the patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study of all children admitted with diagnosis of acute retropharyngeal abscess over seven- year period (January 1998 to December 2004). The case notes of the patients were reviewed and information extracted were age, sex, duration and nature of symptoms, bacteriological findings, surgical procedures, complications and duration of hospitalization. Results: There were thirty-two patients. Eighteen (56.2%) were males and 14(43.8%) females. The median age was 65 months. Twenty-five (78.1%) were below 5 years of age. The major complaints were fever (93.5%), respiratory distress (90.6%), cough (87.5%), and neck pain/swelling (81.2%.). Hyperextension of the neck was evident in 18(56.3%) and bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall in 20(62.5%). All the patients had surgical drainage of the abscess. Twenty-nine (90.6%) had intra-oral, drainage while 3(9.4%) had the abscess drained by external (cervical) incision. The mean duration of hospital admission was 10.4 days. Conclusion: The treatment of retropharyngeal abscess should be prompt empirical usage of broad spectrum antibiotics and timely surgical drainage. Keywords : children, retropharyngeal abscess, incision and drainage, Kano Nigerian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 3(1) 2006: 21-25
HIV / AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among adolescents in Botswana.

The primary goal of this study is to examine and determine factors influencing stigmatisation and discrimination among adolescents towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana. HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination result from fear ignorance and denial. There exists little or no research in Botswana dealing with how people living with HIV/AIDS or suspected of having HIV/AIDS are perceived and treated. Data analyzed in this paper are taken from the Botswana AIDS Impact Survey conducted in the year 2001. Both descriptive and multivariate logistic regression models are used to analyse the data. The results show that many of the adolescents expressed negative attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Logistic regression analysis shows that misconceptions about HIV transmission often encourage stigmatisation and discrimination of people living with HIV/AIDS. Interestingly although the majority of the adolescents stigmatise and discriminative against PLWA many of them are willing to care for a family member who has HIV/AIDS. There is need to address issues of stigma and discrimination as part of prevention of further spread of HIV/AIDS in Botswana. (authors)
Assessment of the Patellar Height Ratios in Normal Adult Nigerians

Background: Patella bone is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body, it lies in the quadriceps tendon. The height of the Patella has been found to vary in some disease conditions. Ratios are therefore formulated to determine the normal values using various parameters related to the Patella bone. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the normal Patella height ratios in Nigerians from the different methods. Method:A total of 500 normal radiographs of the knee joint from different regions of Nigeria were utilized for this study. The ratios calculated were from:- (a) The Blumensaat’s line method (LP / WCBL) (b) The Install and Salvati method (LT / LP) (c) The Blackburn Peel method (A / B) Results: The mean Male Patella height ratios for the three different methods were as follows: LP / WCBL (0.97± 0.01), LT / LP (1.04 ± 0.07), A / B (0.87 ± 0.01) while that of the females were as follows: LP / WCBL (0.97± 0.01), LT / LP (1.04 ± 0.08), and A / B (0.87 ± 0.02). There was no significant differences in all the ratios (P>0.05). Conclusion: The study has re-evaluated the different methods at arriving at Patella height ratios in Nigerians. The findings are in keeping with earlier authors that irrespective of sex and race, the normal Patella height ratios do not vary and can be used for restoring knee function and kinematics in diseased states.
STUDIES ON HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE III. Therapeutic Trial of Urokinase-Activated Human Plasmin

Fibrinolytic enzyme therapy of respiratory distress syndrome was explored in a controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical study. Of 100 infants entered in the study, 60 corresponded to all of the predetermined criteria and were included in the final evaluation. Infants with respiratory distress syndrome were admitted to the study if they were (1) premature, (2) from diabetic mothers, or (3) from mothers with hemorrhagic complications of pregnancy. In regard to sex, delivery route, maternal status, pretreatment respiratory rate, Silverman score, venous pressure, electrolytes, protein levels, and circulating levels of members of the fibrinolysin system, the placebo-treated control group and the experimental group were found to be comparable. The groups were comparable in regard to pretreatment blood pH and pCO2 as well, except that the subgroup that was treated with the enzyme preparation and expired showed a greater degree of acidosis than the other groups. Patients in the experimental group received 5 RPMI units/kg of human plasmin activated with human urokinase (UK-plasmin) intravenously in 4 hours, plus 60 RPMI units/kg/day of enzyme by aerosol. In the placebo-treated control group, 11 of 28 infants recovered (39%) and in the UK-plasmin treated group, 23 of 32 recovered (72%). The difference is statistically significant at less than 5% level. Of the infants with a birth weight of 2 kg or less, 3 of 16 recovered in the placebo-treated control group (19%), and 10 of 16 recovered in the UK-plasmin treated group (63%); the difference is statistically significant at less than 5% level. No clinical side effects were seen in any of the patients. Autopsy findings indicated a high degree accuracy of diagnosis. The incidence of hemorrhage diagnosed at autopsy was the same in the control and experimental groups. In all but one of the patients that expired in the UK-plasmin treated group, sufficient pathologic findings were obtained to account for death regardless of the presence of hyaline membrane disease. Similar findings were obtained in 9 of 17 patients who expired in the control group. UK-plasmin therapy of respiratory distress syndrome of infants due to hyaline membrane disease appears to be worthy of further exploration. A diagram correlates certain features of the pathophysiology of this disease and the mechanism of action of therapy.
Materials and Methods I. Studies in Rats: A. Immunization of Rats.--Fresh blood was obtained from the lateral ear veins of 2 white male albino rabbits and from the hearts of male Sprague-Dawley rats of a caesarian-derived,

The sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis frequently contain elevated concentrations of gamma globulins that have sedimentation coefficients, on ultracentrifugation, of about 19 Svedberg units (19S) (1, 2). These macroglobulins, collectively known as "rheumatoid factors," are recognized by their ability to react with 7S gamma globulins under appropriate conditions in vitro (3-7). Because these characteristics suggest immunologic capabilities it has been postulated that these substances are antibodies to gamma globulin and that their presence signifies an "auto-immune" state (7-10). To date no direct evidence has been obtained to implicate the rheumatoid factors in the genesis of rheumatoid arthritis (10, 11). Nevertheless, speculation continues regarding their origin and possible functions. The studies herein described were undertaken in an at tempt to determine whether rheumatoid rnacroglobulins act like known heterologous antibodies to human gamma globulin and whether they function in vivo. To this end, their effects in vitro and in vivo on red cells sensitized with incomplete antibodies were observed and compared with those produced by immune antiglobulins. 1
THE SURVEY OF INCOME AND PROGRAM PARTICIPATION DO IMPUTED EARNINGS EARN THEIR KEEP ? EVALUATING SIPP EARNINGS AND NONRESPONSE WITH ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS No

Recent evidence suggests that labor earnings reported in household surveys compare favorably with labor earnings in administrative records. On the other hand, imputed labor earnings in household surveys seem to match labor earnings in administrative records less closely. This finding has led many researchers to question the reliability of imputed labor earnings and to exclude these observations from wage analyses. However, this strategy might result in sample selection bias if labor earnings are not missing at random. In this paper, we compare reported and imputed labor earnings from the 2008 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation to labor earnings from the Social Security Administration’s Detailed Earnings Record. We examine how the relationship between survey data and administrative records varies across demographic groups. We also characterize survey nonrespondents in order to improve our understanding of whether and how individuals select out of response on observable dimensions. Finally, we consider implications for estimates of the earnings structure. ∗SEHSD Working Paper Number 2016-18. SIPP Working Paper Number 275. This paper was prepared for a session sponsored by the AEA Committee on Economic Statistics at the 2016 annual meeting of the Allied Social Science Association, January 3, 2016. We thank Adam Bee, Gary Benedetto, Molly Heller, and Jonathan Rothbaum for helpful comments. This paper is released to inform interested parties of ongoing research and to encourage discussion of work in progress. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau. Any errors are our own. †Affiliation: Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division; U.S. Census Bureau. Address: Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division; U.S. Census Bureau; 4600 Silver Hill Road; Washington, DC 20233. Chenevert: rebecca.l. chenevert@census.gov, (301) 763-8538. Klee: mark.a. klee@census.gov, (301) 763-4730. Wilkin: kelly.r. wilkin@census.gov, (301) 763-7728.
Ladybird beetle odour identified and found to be responsible for attraction between adults

pyrazine. Although insects may not be expected to Abstract. The distinctive odour of the seven-spot have similar olfactory sensitivities to human beings, ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata, had not previously been identified unequivocally, although this compound was found to fulfil a pheromonal role it was considered likely to arise from olfactorily poin the attraction between adult C. septempunctata, typical of many ladybird species. Thus, in a behavioural tent pyrazines. The component responsible was located by human organoleptic evaluation of the assay, both males and females were attracted by gas chromatography effluent from ladybird volatiles amounts of this pyrazine equivalent to the ladybird volatiles. and was fully characterized as 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy-
Are Online Reviews of Physicians Biased Against Female Providers?

Patients increasingly seek out information regarding their healthcare online. Online reviews of caregivers in particular may influence from whom patients seek treatment. Are these sources biased against female providers? To address this question we analyze a new dataset of online patient reviews of male and female healthcare providers with respect to numerical ratings and language use. We perform both regression and (data-driven) qualitative analyses of language via neural embedding models induced over review texts. In both cases we account for provider specialty. To do so while learning embeddings, we explicitly induce specialty, sex, and rating embeddings from review meta-data via a ‘matched-sampling’ training regime. We find that females consistently receive less favorable numerical ratings overall, even after adjusting for specialty. To analyze language use in reviews of male versus female providers, we induce neural embeddings (distributed representations) of gender and qualitatively characterize the ‘distributional semantics’ that this induces. We observe differences in language use, e.g., analysis of average vector similarities over repeated runs reveal that many of the words closest to the coordinates in embedding space associated with positive sentiment and female providers describe interpersonal characteristics (sweet, considerate, caring, personable, compassionate): such descriptors do not seem as similar to the point corresponding to positive sentiment regarding male providers. To facilitate research in this direction we publicly release data, embeddings, and all code (including Jupyter notebooks) to reproduce our analyses and further explore the data: https://github.com/avi-jit/RateMDs.
Visual Internal Urethrotomy in the Management of Anterior Urethral Stricture

Objective: Urethral stricture disease is common in our environment. The aim of this study is to report our experience with visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) in the management of this disease. Patients and Methods: Seventy male patients with a mean age of 30.6 years were treated for anterior urethral stricture by VIU at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between May 2002 and April 2006. To evaluate the treatment results, we studied the following parameters: stricture etiology, outcome of urethrotomy and complications. All patients were treated as day cases. Results: The main cause of urethral stricture found in 43 (61.4%) patients was infection followed by trauma which was found in 11 (15.7%) patients. Twenty fi ve (35.7%) patients had been subjected to previous treatment, notably urethral dilatation. The strictures were bulbar in 62 (88.6%), non-obliterative in 66 (94.3%), single in 28 (40%) and Keywords : Urethrotomy, urethral stricture, visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) African Journal of Urology Vol. 13 (4) 2007: pp. 267-272
A HIGH ACCURACY NONCONFORMING FINITE ELEMENT SCHEME FOR HELMHOLTZ TRANSMISSION EIGENVALUE PROBLEM

In this paper, we consider a cubic H2 nonconforming finite element scheme Bh0 which does not correspond to a locally defined finite element with Ciarlet′s triple but admit a set of local basis functions. For the first time, we deduce and write out the expression of basis functions explicitly. Distinguished from the most nonconforming finite element methods, (δ∆h·,∆h·) with non-constant coefficient δ > 0 is coercive on the nonconforming Bh0 space which makes it robust for numerical discretization. For fourth order eigenvalue problem, the Bh0 scheme can provide O(h2) approximation for the eigenspace in energy norm and O(h4) approximation for the eigenvalues. We test the Bh0 scheme on the vary-coefficient bi-Laplace source and eigenvalue problem, further, transmission eigenvalue problem. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
The Mediating Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility and Good Corporate Governance on the Company ’ s Firm Value

The study explores the mediating roles of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the relationship between corporate goevrnance and firm value. The Corporate Governance mechanism is measured using Governance Index Variables, managerial share ownership, and Board Size. This study using all companies’ data which are registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange Year 2011-2015. The election period are occupied due to the application of the Constitution No.40 Year 2007, which substitutes the Constitution No.1 Year 1995 about incorporated company. Sample in this tudy is registered in Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) Year 2011—2015. The results of this study can be concluded that: In order to increase the Firm Value, the company must implement the Good Corporate Governance (GCG). It encourages and supervises the management’s work to achieve corporate and shareholder objectives. GCG is represented by managerial ownership variables that have an effect on the Firm Value, while either the number of directors and Governance Index don’t. The effect that occurs on the ownership variable is the negative effect. At a time when managerial ownership increases but does not increase the Firm Value, due to low managerial ownership. While the stock ownership is low, there is a tendency for opportunistic management to occur. This can lead to fraudulent and unethical behavior of management that will harm the shareholders. Management is more likely to perform in order for companies to run effectively and efficiently so that they get incentives / compensation for their performance in the form of bonuses, etc. Management is less likely to work to maximize its utility to increase shareholder value.
Learners to Earners Enabling MOOC Learners to Apply Their Skills and Earn Money in an Online Market

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) aim to educate the world. More often than not, however, MOOCs fall short of this goal — a majority of learners are already highly educated (with a Bachelor degree or more) and come from specific parts of the (developed) world. Learners from developing countries without a higher degree are underrepresented, though desired, in MOOCs. One reason for those learners to drop out of a course can be found in their financial realities and the subsequent limited amount of time they can dedicate to a course besides earning a living. If we could pay learners to take a MOOC, this hurdle would largely disappear. With MOOCS, this leads to the following fundamental challenge: How can learners be paid at scale? Ultimately, we envision a recommendation engine that recommends tasks from online market places such as Upwork or witmart to learners, that are relevant to the course content of the MOOC. In this manner, the learners learn and earn money. To investigate the feasibility of this vision, in this paper we explored to what extent (1) online market places contain tasks relevant to a specific MOOC, and (2) learners are able to solve real-world tasks correctly and with sufficient quality. Finally, based on our experimental design, we were also able to investigate the impact of real-world bonus tasks in a MOOC on the general learner population.
GUARANTEED QUALITY-DRIVEN HEXAHEDRAL OVERLAY GRID METHOD

Hexahedral mesh generation using overlay grid methods has the beneﬁt of being fully automatic, requiring minimal user input. These methods follow a mesh-ﬁrst approach where an initial mesh, usually a grid, is used to overlay the reference geometry. Procedures to modify the initial mesh are then employed to best capture the geometry to get a conformal all-hex mesh [1]. One of the main drawbacks of those methods is the resulting mesh quality. While the interior of the mesh remains the same as the initial mesh, cells located at the material interfaces can end up quite deformed or even inverted, making the mesh totally useless for most numerical simulation codes. Considering an input mesh carrying volume fractions of the materials, the main purpose of the presented work is to ensure a minimal cell quality. Our method draws upon the overlay grid pipeline described in [2] where several steps (cell assignment correction, interface reconstruction, mesh adaptation) are altered to control cell quality.
Cervical Cancer Screening ( PDQ ® ) – Health Professional Version

Screening With the Papanicolaou (Pap) Test: Benefits Based on solid evidence, regular screening of appropriate women for cervical cancer with the Pap test reduces mortality from cervical cancer. The benefits of screening women younger than 21 years are small because of the low prevalence of lesions that will progress to invasive cancer. Screening is not beneficial in women older than 65 years if they have had a recent history of negative test results. [1-3]