Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FORECASTING OF LITERACY RATE USING STATISTICAL AND DATA MINING METHODS

Chhattisgarh state ranks 16 position in terms of population in India but it ranks 27 in terms of literacy rate. This backwardness is due to more tribal areas in this state. Since literacy is the basis for human development which in turn affects country’s economic growth, it becomes important to improve the proportion of literates. Forecasting of literacy rate will help government & policy makers to make plans for improving the literacy rate. Number of literates in an area depends on various features like population of the area, density, type of area-rural or urban, age composition etc. In this research paper, total Population, male and female population is projected using a statistical method logistic curve method. Using these projected populations, literacy rate is forecasted using a data mining method multiple regressions. Using this combinational method, we forecast that the total population of Chhattisgarh in 2021 will be around 3 crores and the literacy rate will reach 89%. The accuracy of our combinational method is 92.69% which is much better than the results obtained from one of the proposed method Global Age-specific Literacy Projections Model (GALP) for forecasting of literate and illiterate population.
Ube 3 a mRNA and protein expression are not decreased in Mecp 2 R 168 X mutant mice

Amy Lawson-Yuen, Daniel Liu, Liqun Han, Zhichun I. Jiang, Guochuan E. Tsai, Alo C. Basu, Jonathan Picker, Jiamin Feng, Joseph T. Coyle⁎ Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Psychiatry, Los Angeles Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
Information theory explanation of the fluctuation theorem, maximum entropy production and self-organized criticality in non-equilibrium stationary states

Jaynes' information theory formalism of statistical mechanics is applied to the stationary states of open, non-equilibrium systems. First, it is shown that the probability distribution pΓ of the underlying microscopic phase space trajectories Γ over a time interval of length τ satisfies pΓ ∝ exp(τσΓ/2kB) where σΓ is the time-averaged rate of entropy production of Γ. Three consequences of this result are then derived: (1) the fluctuation theorem, which describes the exponentially declining probability of deviations from the second law of thermodynamics as τ → ∞; (2) the selection principle of maximum entropy production for non-equilibrium stationary states, empirical support for which has been found in studies of phenomena as diverse as the Earth's climate and crystal growth morphology; and (3) the emergence of self-organized criticality for flux-driven systems in the slowly-driven limit. The explanation of these results on general information theoretic grounds underlines their relevance to a broad class of stationary, non-equilibrium systems. In turn, the accumulating empirical evidence for these results lends support to Jaynes' formalism as a common predictive framework for equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.
Differences in admission rates of children with bronchiolitis by pediatric and general emergency departments.

OBJECTIVE It is uncertain whether pediatric and general emergency departments have different admitting practices regarding children with bronchiolitis. The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in admission practices between pediatric and general emergency departments of children with bronchiolitis in 1 North American metropolitan area, controlling for various factors such as clinical severity, comorbid conditions, and socioeconomic status. DESIGN Retrospective cohort review of emergency department visits from April 1992 to March 1997. SETTING Five emergency departments (1 pediatric and 4 general) serving the Calgary Health Region, which encompasses approximately 850 000 people. PATIENTS All children residing within the region who visited a regional emergency department and were diagnosed to have bronchiolitis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 466.1, primary or secondary diagnosis). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Population-standardized estimates of admission rates. RESULTS The medical charts of 3091 children diagnosed to have bronchiolitis during the study period were reviewed. Of this number, 2496 children were evaluated at the pediatric emergency department, and 629 (25%) were admitted. The remaining 595 (19%) were evaluated at the general emergency departments, and 221 (37%) were admitted. Controlling for age, gender, estimated family income based on postal code, medical comorbidity, and clinical severity estimated by presenting respiratory rate and room air oxygen saturation, population-standardized estimates for admission rates at the pediatric and general emergency departments were 24% (standard error: 1%) and 43% (standard error: 2%), respectively. CONCLUSION Children diagnosed to have bronchiolitis at the Calgary Health Region's pediatric emergency department were about half as likely to be admitted to the hospital as children diagnosed at the region's general emergency departments.
Acidophilic Collembola: Living Fossils?

The existence of two groups of acidophilic (mostly present in soils at pH less than 5) and acid-intolerant Collembolan species has been demonstrated concurrently by several authors in the course of biocoenotic studies. The examination of morphological features points to a strong relationship between acidophily and hypothetical phyletic relationships between both groups. In the light of Earth history I postulate that acidophilic springtails are relicts from the time when adaptive radiation took place within Collembola, i.e. before the Carboniferous age. At this tirne soils were poor in nutrients, vegetation was of the acidifying type, and the atmosphere was richer than now in carbon dioxide. Thus Paleozoic environmental conditions were quite similar to those now prevailing in the most acid soils. KEY WORDSCollembola / soil acidity / Living fossils
Effects of Frequency on the Electrical Characteristic of Pulse Discharges in Atmospheric-Pressure Pure Helium

The effects of the frequency on the electrical characteristics in a dielectric barrier discharge in pure helium excited by repetitive voltage pulses with the frequency <i>f</i> from 5 to 500 kHz are systematically investigated by means of a 1-D fluid model under different operating conditions, including gap width <i>dg</i>, secondary electron emission coefficient γ, dielectric thickness <i>ds</i>, and dielectric constant ε<i>r</i>. The important characteristic quantities of describing the pulse discharge, i.e., discharge current density <i>Jg</i>, averaged electron density <i>N</i><sub>ave</sub>, averaged dissipated power density <i>P</i><sub>ave</sub>, and the axial distributions of both electron density <i>Ne</i> and electron temperature <i>Te</i>, are calculated and analyzed in detail. This paper gives the following significant results. <i>N</i><sub>ave</sub> increases with increasing <i>f</i> and <i>P</i><sub>ave</sub> is almost proportional to <i>f</i>. Especially, there is a characteristic frequency of ~ 50 kHz, namely, when <i>f</i> is lower than ~ 50 kHz, <i>Jm</i>1 (peak value of <i>Jg</i> in the first discharge) decreases evidently with increasing <i>f</i>, and then changes very slightly for <i>f</i>s larger than ~ 50&nbsp;kHz. In addition, with the increase of <i>f</i> , <i>Jm</i>2 (peak value of <i>Jg</i> in the second discharge) increases very slightly for small <i>ds</i> and the reverse is true for large <i>ds</i> . The frequency dependence of <i>Jm</i>2 for different ε<i>rs</i>is similar to that by changing <i>ds</i>. For a fixed frequency, the change of <i>Jm</i>1 with γ is very small, which differs from that at low frequencies. In addition, <i>Jm</i>1 and <i>Jm</i>2 decrease with increasing <i>ds</i> and increase with increasing ε<i>r</i>, but there are almost constant Δ<i>Jm</i>1 and Δ<i>Jm</i>2 for high frequencies. When the frequency is larger than ~ 50 kHz, there will be the second peak of <i>Ne</i> outside the cathode sheath in the first discharge, and both large <i>ds</i> and small ε<i>r</i> can result in the formation of the evident peak of <i>Ne</i> nearby the momentary anode. It should be noted that the analysis in this paper pertains only to the incompressible motion of the plasma.
and Flora Cornish African-Caribbean interactions with mental health services : experiences and expectations of exclusion as ( re ) productive of health inequalities

In the context of current concerns about health inequalities among minority ethnic groups in the UK, this paper addresses perceptions of mental health services among members of an African-Caribbean community in a South England town. Efforts to reduce health inequalities must take account of the views of local community members on the sources of those inequalities and on local health services. The statistical existence of inequalities in diagnosis and treatment of African-Caribbeans in the UK is well-established, supported by sociological explanations of these inequalities which centre on social exclusion in a variety of forms: institutional, cultural and socio-economic. However, detailed studies of the perspectives of local communities on mental health issues and services have received less attention. In this case study of community perceptions of mental health services, we find that social exclusion comprises an explanatory framework which is repeatedly invoked by community members in describing their interaction with mental health services. Interviewees assert that experience and expectation of racist mis-treatment by mental health services are key factors discouraging early accessing of mental health services, and thereby perpetuating mental health inequalities. We conclude that participation and partnership are vital means by which to generate both the objective and subjective inclusion that are requirements for an accessible and appropriate health service.
INFLUENCE OF IODINE FERTILIZATION AND SOIL APPLICATION OF SUCROSE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IODINE BIOFORTIFICATION, YIELD, NITROGEN METABOLISM AND BIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SPINACH

Iodine biofortification of vegetables can become an alternative (to iodized salt) method of introducing this element into human diet. Development of agronomic rules concerning its application requires detailed evaluation of iodine influence on plant physio- logical and biological processes including mineral nutrition and quality of yield. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of iodine and soil application of sucrose on iodine biofortification and nutritional quality of spinach plants. In 2009-2010, a pot experiment was carried out with spinach Spinacia oleracea L. 'Olbrzym Zimowy' cv. cultivation on mineral soil. The research included diverse combinations with pre-sowing iodine fertiliza- tion (in the form of KI) and soil application of sucrose: 1) - control (without iodine fertili- zation and sucrose application), 2) - 1 mg I dm -3 of soil, 3) - 2 mg I dm -3 of soil, 4) - 1 mg I + 1 g sucrose dm -3 of soil and 5) - 2 mg I + 1 g sucrose dm -3 of soil. In all tested combinations with iodine fertilization as well as simultaneous application of iodine and sucrose a significant increase in iodine, N-total and soluble oxalate content was ob- served along with reduced level of nitrate(V) and dry matter in spinach leaves (when compared to the control). The highest accumulation of iodine was noted in leaves of plants treated with 2 mg I + 1 g sucrose dm -3 . Simultaneous application of iodine and su- crose diminished free amino acid content in comparison to the control. Additional intro- duction of sucrose along with both iodine doses decreased nitrate(V) and N-total level in spinach plants. Soil fertilization with both doses of iodine (1 and 2 mg I dm -3 of soil) ap- plied individually or together with sucrose did not significantly affect spinach yield and the level of nitrate(III), phenolic compounds and soluble sugars in plants as well as iodine content in soil after cultivation.
25% drive current improvement for p-type multiple gate FET (MuGFET) devices by the introduction of recessed Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ in the source and drain regions

This paper shows, for the first time, the successful introduction of recessed, strained Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ in the source and drain regions of pMOS MuGFET devices, improving the on-state current of these devices by 25%, at a fixed off-state condition. The improvement is shown to be a combined effect of compressive stress introduced along the channel, and of a reduced series resistance.
Agricultural Production and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Implication for Rural Poverty Alleviation

This research was carried out to provide empirical information on the relationship between agricultural production and the growth of Nigerian economy with focus on poverty reduction. Time series data were employed in this research and the analyses of the data were done using unit root tests and the bounds (ARDL) testing approach to cointegration. The result of the data analysis indicated that agricultural production was significant in influencing the favourable trend of economic growth in Nigeria. Despite the growth of the Nigerian economy, poverty is still on the increase and this calls for a shift from monolithic oil-based economy to a more plural one with agriculture being the lead sector. It was recommended that pro poor policies should be designed for alleviating rural poverty through increased investments in agricultural development by the public and private sector.
Experimental and modeling analysis on moisture induced failures in flip-chip-on- flex interconnections with anisotropic conductive film

This paper reports the investigations into the moisture induced failures in flip-chip-on-flex interconnections with anisotropic conductive films (ACF). Both experimental and modeling methods were applied. In the experiments, the contact resistance was used as a quality indicator and was measured continuously during the accelerated tests (autoclave tests). The temperature, relative humidity and the pressure were set at 121/spl deg/C, 100%RH, 1atm respectively. The contact resistance of the ACF joints increased during the tests and nearly 25% of the joints were found to be open after 168 hours' testing time. Visible conduction gaps between the adhesive and substrate pads were observed. Cracks at the adhesive/flex interface were also found. It is believed that the swelling effect of the adhesive and the water penetration along the adhesive/flex interface are the main causes of this contact degradation. Another finding from the experimental work was that the ACF interconnections that had undergone the reflow treatment were more sensitive to the moisture and showed worse reliability during the tests. For a better understanding of the experimental results, 3D finite element (FE) models were built and a macro-micro modeling method was used to determine the moisture diffusion and moisture-induced stresses inside the ACF joints. Modeling results are consistent with the findings in the experimental work.
Study on Overbooking Management with a Choice Model of Consumer Behavior

Talluri and van Ryzin [1] provide an exact analysis of a single-leg model of revenue management under a discrete choice model of demand. They obtained some perfect conclusions, but the factors of cancellations and no-shows are not considered. This article combines a single-leg problem with these factors and formulates it into a dynamic programming model. From this model we show that the optimal policy for this problem has a quite simple form. Namely, it consists of identifying an ordered family of "efficient" subsets $S_1,\cdots,S_L$, and at each point in time opening one of these sets $S_k$, where the optimal index $k$ is decreasing in the reserved capacity. That is, the less capacity available, the nearer the optimal set is along this sequence. Basing on this property the overbooking management is well implemented.
An XMM-Newton and NuSTAR Study of IGR J18214-1318: A Non-pulsating High-mass X-Ray Binary with a Neutron Star

IGR J18214-1318, a Galactic source discovered by the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, is a high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) with a supergiant O-type stellar donor. We report on the XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations that were undertaken to determine the nature of the compact object in this system. This source exhibits high levels of aperiodic variability, but no periodic pulsations are detected with a 90% confidence upper limit of 2% fractional rms between 0.00003–88 Hz, a frequency range that includes the typical pulse periods of neutron stars (NSs) in HMXBs (0.1–103 s). Although the lack of pulsations prevents us from definitively identifying the compact object in IGR J18214-1318, the presence of an exponential cutoff with e-folding energy in its 0.3–79 keV spectrum strongly suggests that the compact object is an NS. The X-ray spectrum also shows a Fe Kα emission line and a soft excess, which can be accounted for by either a partial-covering absorber with cm−2, which could be due to the inhomogeneous supergiant wind, or a blackbody component with keV and km, which may originate from NS hot spots. Although neither explanation for the soft excess can be excluded, the former is more consistent with the properties observed in other supergiant HMXBs. We compare IGR J18214-1318 to other HMXBs that lack pulsations or have long pulsation periods beyond the range covered by our observations.
Evaluation of variations in amylose-iodine absorbance spectra

Evaluation of the variations in spectra of the amylose-iodine complex of starches and amyloses from various botanical sources provide a useful aid for identification and characterization of these substances. Variations in absorptivity, wavelengths of maximum absorbance, and the slopes of the absorbance peaks provide characteristic data for starches as a result of variations in amylose molecular weight. This data can be used to provide a convenient and relatively rapid means for detecting major differences, as between starches from normal and high amylose maizes, or between raw and modified starches and to evaluate effect of processing conditions. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Political Activism as a Determinant of Clientelistic Transfers: Evidence from an Indian Public Works Program

Are political activists preferentially targeted by politicians engaging in clientelistic transfers to bolster political support? We provide the first model to highlight two possible rationales for such transfers: to mobilize support from the activists themselves, or to mobilize support from electors these activists have influence over. Using novel household data on ex ante political affiliation and jobs received subsequent to large-scale decentralized workfare program in India, we find that activists are indeed preferentially targeted, and furthermore, such transfers are more pronounced in locations where citizen political involvement is less common, and in remote and less connected areas where activists' role in information transfers is most critical. We argue that the evidence is consistent with the use of transfers to leverage the influence of activists over the decision-making of other electors. Our results are not driven by self selection, reverse causality, and other program transfers, and are robust to alternate definitions of "activism".
Crystal structures of chalcostibite (CuSbS2) and emplectite (CuBiS2): Structural relationship of stereochemical activity between chalcostibite and emplectite

Abstract The crystal structures of chalcostibite CuSbS2 (orthorhombic, space group Pnma, a = 6.018(1), b = 3.7958(6), and c = 14.495(7) Å, V = 331.1(1) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.040, wR2 = 0.155 for 533 reflections) and emplectite CuBiS2 (orthorhombic, space group Pnma, a = 6.134(1), b = 3.9111(8), and c = 14.548(8) Å, V = 348.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.037, wR2 = 0.112 for 492 reflections) were redetermined using a four-circle diffractometer and graphite-monochromatized MoKα radiation. These two crystal structures are composed of MS5 square pyramids (M = Sb and Bi) and nearly regular CuS4 tetrahedra. The five M-S bond distances in the SbS5 square pyramid in chalcostibite are always shorter than corresponding distances in the BiS5 square pyramid in emplectite because the Sb atom is smaller than the Bi atom. The a cell parameter increases appreciably from chalcostibite to emplectite not only because of increasing M-S bond distances in the MS5 square pyramid, but also because of increasing Cu-S2-Cu bond angles along a. The increase in the b cell parameter is caused mainly by increasing M-S bond distances along b. In contrast, the slight increase of the c cell parameter is largely brought about by decreasing Cu-S2-Cu bond angles ascribed to weakened stereochemical activity of Bi 6s2 lone-pair electrons. The anisotropic change of unit-cell parameters from chalcostibite to emplectite is strongly associated with the positions of the lone-pair electrons in the unit cell.
Wind Power Ramps Driven by Windstorms and Cyclones

The increase in the wind power predictability assumes a very important role for secure power system operation at minimum costs, especially in situations with severe changes in wind power production. In order to improve the forecast of such events, also known as “wind power ramp events”, the underlying role of some severe meteorological phenomena in triggering wind power ramps must be clearly understood. In this paper, windstorm and cyclone detection algorithms are implemented using historical reanalysis data allowing the identification of key characteristics (e.g., location, intensity and trajectories) of the events with the highest impact on the wind power ramp events in Portugal. The results show a strong association between cyclones/windstorms and wind power ramp events. Moreover, the results highlight that it is possible to use some features of these meteorological phenomena to detect, in an early stage, severe wind power ramps thus creating the possibility to develop operational decision tools in order to support the security of power systems with high amounts of wind power generation.
Ejection mechanisms in the sublayer of a turbulent channel

The structure of the vorticity field in the viscous wall layer of a turbulent channel is studied by examining the results of a fully resolved direct numerical simulation. It is shown that this region is dominated by intense three‐dimensional shear layers in which the dominant vorticity component is spanwise. The advection and reproduction processes of these structures are examined and shown to be consistent with the classical generation mechanism for two‐dimensional Tollmien–Schlichting waves. This process is fundamentally different from the usually accepted mechanism involving hairpin vortices.