Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of sub clinical mastitis (SCM) in she buffaloes at Surajpur district of Chhattishgarh, India

Present investigation was carried out on randomly selected 120 she buffaloes in dairy farms and local farmers of different places, villages of Surajpur, with the objective to study the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in she buffaloes at adjoining areas of Surajpur. The prevalence of the subclinical mastitis was studied by screening of she buffaloes correlated with age, breed, stage of lactation and quarter wise distribution. The overall prevalence rate was 68.33%. The rate of prevalence of SCM was the highest between the age group of 9 and 11 years (90.32%). Breed wise prevalence of SCM was found maximum in crossbred (72.30%) followed by indigenous (65.62%) and nondescript (47.23%) breed. The prevalence of SCM was found to be the highest in mid lactation (76.47%) followed by early (67.27%) and late (61.29%) lactation. Quarter wise study revealed that the left hind quarters (30.83%) were found to be the most prone for sub clinical infection followed by right fore (19.16%), left fore (10%) and the least affected was right hind quarter (8.33%).
The number of past and future regenerations of iron in the oceanand its intrinsic fertilization efficiency

Abstract. Iron fertilization is explored by tracking dissolved iron (DFe) through its life cycle from injection by aeolian, sedimentary, and hydrothermal sources (birth) to burial in the sediments (death). We develop new diagnostic equations that count iron and phosphate regenerations with each passage through the biological pump and partition the ocean's DFe concentration according to the number of its past or future regenerations. We apply these diagnostics to a family of data-constrained estimates of the iron cycle with sources σtot in the range 1.9–41 Gmol yr−1. We find that for states with σtot > 7 Gmol yr−1, 50 % or more of the DFe inventory has not been regenerated in the past and 85 % or more will not be regenerated in the future. The globally averaged mean number of past or future regenerations scales with the bulk iron lifetime τ∼σtot-1 and has a range of 0.05–2.2 for past and 0.01–1.4 for future regenerations. Memory of birth location fades rapidly with each regeneration, and DFe regenerated more than approximately five times is found in a pattern shaped by Southern Ocean nutrient trapping. We quantify the intrinsic fertilization efficiency of the unperturbed system at any point r in the ocean as the global export production resulting from the DFe at r per iron molecule. We show that this efficiency is closely related to the mean number of future regenerations that the iron will experience. At the surface, the intrinsic fertilization efficiency has a global mean in the range 0.7–7 mol P (mmol Fe)−1 across our family of state estimates and is largest in the central tropical Pacific, with the Southern Ocean having comparable importance only for high-iron-source scenarios.
Experimental VNIR reflectance spectroscopy of gypsum dehydration: Investigating the gypsum to bassanite transition

Abstract The spectral behavior of gypsum dehydration in the visible to near-infrared (350-2500 nm) wavelength range was investigated by partially dehydrating the four main habits of gypsum (alabaster, satin spar, selenite, and massive) to form bassanite. Powdered samples of gypsum dehydrated at 100-115 °C and hand samples dehydrated at 115-130 °C, coinciding with a peak in mass (water) loss in the samples. As gypsum dehydrates, its characteristic H2O absorption bands at 1443 and 1945 nm shift to shorter wavelengths. Band depths and widths of absorptions at ~1200, 1400-1600, 1750, 1945, 2100-2200, and ~2400 nm all decrease with increasing temperature. The samples also underwent visible changes upon dehydration, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level, becoming very friable with an increase in fine grains. No consistent relationship was observed between dehydration temperature and grain size or habit. The samples were monitored for up to 20 months after dehydration, during which time none rehydrated to form gypsum. While the transition from gypsum to bassanite is very abrupt, bassanite does not readily rehydrate to form gypsum again in ambient conditions, and therefore may not be as unstable as previously thought by terrestrial occurrences of bassanite being predominantly restricted to hyperarid climates.
Pollen Spectrum and Trophic Niche Width of Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Highly Urbanized and Industrialized Sites

The floristic composition of an environment is important to ensure the trophic niche of bee species. Melipona scutellaris Latreille, is a typical stingless bee of Atlantic rainforest sites in northeastern Brazil, a region widely established in meliponaries for honey and pollen production. M. scutellaris is reared (meliponiculture) in rural and urban areas, where the species depends on the availability of different plants for nectar and pollen collection. In this study, we estimated food niche width, equitativity, and similarity between different colonies of M. scutellaris in highly urbanized and industrialized sites of the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. We analyzed pollen spectrum of 58 honey samples from six meliponaries, during 12 months. We identified 111 pollen types distributed in 28 plant families. The Fabaceae family showed the highest diversity in pollen types (33.33% of the total) and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia was the most frequent pollen type, found in 100% of the samples. M. scutellaris concentrated its foraging activity on a few trophic resources (H’ = 2.69 and J’ = 0.01) indicating a few melittophilous plant species belonging to the genera Eucalyptus, Mimosa, Protium, Serjania and Tapirira, should be managed on a regional scale to favor meliponiculture with this native bee species.
Ixorene, a New Dammarane Triterpene from the Leaves of Ixora coccinea Linn.

A new triterpene ixorene ( 1) with dammarane skeleton was isolated from the lea ves of Ixora coccinea , along with the three known constituents β-sitosterol ( 2), lupeol ( 3) and D-mannitol ( 4). The structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D- NMR studies and mass spectrometry as 17 β-dammara-12, 20-diene-3β-ol.
The development of an interpretive experience to foster positive tourist encounters and manage turtle tourism in Northwest Western Australia: Implications for further research

Address correspondence to D. Newsome, School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. E-mail: D.Newsome@murdoch.edu. au fund turtle conservation projects, and by encouraging tourists to have a conservation ethic and contribute financially to turtle conservation (Landry & Taggart, 2010; Tisdell & Wilson, 2001, 2002, 2005a, 2005b; Tisdell, Nantha, & Wilson, 2007, Wilson & Tisdell, 2001). Tourism based on viewing nesting marine turtles occurs both formally (guided) and informally (free independent travelers) at many locations throughout the world, including Costa Rica, Malaysia, South Africa, Brazil, America, THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERPRETIVE EXPERIENCE
Comparing Responses of Local Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) to Karl Jenter and Doolittle Grafting Queen Rearing Methods

A study was conducted in view of analyzing the responses of central highland honeybees (Apis mellifera bandasii) to Karl Jenter and Doolittle grafting queen-rearing methods at Holeta for two consecutive active seasons. The result of the study revealed that there was significant difference (p<0.001) between the techniques in percentage of accepted larvae and sealed queen cells. The acceptance rates for Karl Jenter and Doolittle grafting queen rearing methods were 78.19 and 50.81%, respectively while the rates were 42.75 and 25.56% for sealing, respectively. However, the result of the study showed that the rate of hatching (out of the total given larvae) into virgin queen stage in Karl Jenter and Doolittle grafting systems were about 23 and 23.8%, indicating no significant difference between the two techniques. From this study it is recommended that using Karl Jenter kit is an excellent option to overcome the problem of indentifying appropriate larvae for grafting under field conditions. However, there might be a difference in quality of the queens obtained from these two methods. Therefore, also further study recommended to evaluate the performance of queens reared using the two techniques.
Perceived influence of parenting styles over irrational belief in romantic relations

The aim of this study is to investigate if perceived parenting styles have any influence on irrational belief in romantic relations among university students. To determine the students’ irrational belief in romantic relations “Belief Inventory in Relations” by Kalkan and to determine their perception for parenting styles “Scale of Parent Dependence” by Tosun and Sumer are used. The study is applied on a randomly selected sample of 266 students studying at Ondokuz Mayis University. The students’ average age is 22.01; 193 of them are females and 73 are males. T-test and Pearson correlation are used to analyze the data. It has been determined that irrational beliefs in romantic relations and perceived parenting styles do not vary in terms of gender. Moreover, whilst a negative-oriented relationship between belief and mother concern, father concern, father autonomy is observed in romantic relations, no meaningful relation is found between lower dimensions of mothers’ overprotection, mother autonomy and fathers’ overprotection. Key words: Word, irrational belief in romantic relations, romantic relation, commitment to parents, parentage styles Heading 1: use this style for level one headings.
Management Control Systems for a Hybrid Business Strategy : an exploratory case study of a Dutch food-retailer

Management Control Systems (MCS) are found to be contingent on several factors like size, structure, culture, and business strategy. Because MCS are concerned with aligning employee behavior with organizational objectives, business strategy makes the best claim to affect what MCS are used and how they are used. Porter (1980) formulated cost leadership and differentiation business strategies as viable alternatives for creating a competitive advantage. Failing to choose one of these generic strategies, would render a firm ‘stuck in the middle’, leading to a low return on investment. More contemporary research, however, suggests that a hybrid strategy, which combines both cost leadership and differentiation strategies, is a viable and perhaps even superior alternative to either one generic strategy. Extensive literature exists on what MCS are effective for both cost leadership and differentiation strategies; however, our understanding of what MCS are effective under a hybrid business strategy is very limited. This study attempted to increase our understanding A case study approach was adopted to study MCS in a firm that pursues a hybrid business strategy. We used Malmi & Brown’s (2008) MCS package framework for describing MCS at our case company. Data was gathered through interviews with employees involved with strategy formulation and MCS design, an extensive document review, and observations made by the author during his time at the case company. The result of this thesis are a series of both theoretically and empirically grounded propositions addressing what MCS are expected to be effective for a hybrid business strategy. An important finding is that the MCS package configuration for hybrid strategy is not simply a combination of all typical differentiation or low cost MCS, nor is it a middle ground of these two. We propose that: Firms pursuing hybrid strategy will strongly emphasize cultural control, make extensive use of a budget and incentive pay and will have a structure that balances centralized decision making with autonomous employees. The study contributes to the literature in several ways. This first attempt to link MCS to hybrid strategy provides propositions that are ready for further empirical testing. It furthermore introduces hybrid strategy to Porter’s (1980) curve, this way visually presenting the potential value of hybrid strategy. Next, it contributes by linking business strategies to MCS packages. Based on the literature we formulated MCS configurations that fit each of Porter’s (1980) strategies. Finally, it contributes by describing how the different components of the MCS package interrelate.
Renewal of Patents and Government Financing

I apply a survival model to a detailed dataset of Swedish patents to estimate how different factors affect the likelihood of patent renewal. Since the owners know more about the patents than potential external financiers, there is a problem of asymmetric information. To overcome this, Sweden has for a long time relied on government support rather than private venture capital. The empirical results show that patents which have received soft government financing in the R&D-phase have a higher probability of expiring than patents without such financing. But patents that have received more market-oriented government loans during the commercialization phase are renewed for as long as other commercialized patents. This finding indicates that it is the financing terms rather than bad choices of projects that explain the low renewal of patents with government financing.
Functional Characterization of a Global Virulence Regulator Hfq and Identification of Hfq-Dependent sRNAs in the Plant Pathogen Pantoea ananatis

To successfully infect plant hosts, the collective regulation of virulence factors in a bacterial pathogen is crucial. Hfq is an RNA chaperone protein that facilitates the small RNA (sRNA) regulation of global gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, the functional role of Hfq in a broad host range phytopathogen Pantoea ananatis was determined. Inactivation of the hfq gene in P. ananatis LMG 2665T resulted in the loss of pathogenicity and motility. In addition, there was a significant reduction of quorum sensing signal molecule acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) production and biofilm formation. Differential sRNA expression analysis between the hfq mutant and wild-type strains of P. ananatis revealed 276 sRNAs affected in their abundance by the loss of hfq at low (OD600 = 0.2) and high cell (OD600 = 0.6) densities. Further analysis identified 25 Hfq-dependent sRNAs, all showing a predicted Rho-independent terminator of transcription and mapping within intergenic regions of the P. ananatis genome. These included known sRNAs such as ArcZ, FnrS, GlmZ, RprA, RyeB, RyhB, RyhB2, Spot42, and SsrA, and 16 novel P. ananatis sRNAs. The current study demonstrated that Hfq is an important component of the collective regulation of virulence factors and sets a foundation for understanding Hfq-sRNA mediated regulation in the phytopathogen P. ananatis.
Post-process composition and biological responses of laser sintered PMMA and β-TCP composites

PMMA/β-TCP composites were evaluated to be suitable for laser sintering earlier, but the possible after effects are not known yet. Effects of sintering on the biological nature and the influences of critical compositions and process parameters have not been investigated so far. The current research attempts this, first identifying experimentally the most suitable laser process conditions for the specific grades of PMMA and β-TCP and then subjecting single layer sintered samples to FTIR analysis and in vitro studies involving MTT and ALP assays, alizarin red S tests, and real-time PCR analyses. While the laser interactions are not detrimental, the biological responses are generally positive proving the selective laser sintering of PMMA/β-TCP composites to be a potential approach for specific medical applications.
The McdAB Carboxysome Positioning System is Widespread Among β-cyanobacteria

Carboxysomes are protein-based organelles that are essential for allowing cyanobacteria to fix CO2. Previously we identified a two-component system, McdAB, responsible for equidistantly positioning carboxysomes in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. McdA, a ParA-type ATPase, non-specifically binds the nucleoid in the presence of ATP. McdB, a novel factor that directly binds carboxysomes, displaces McdA from the nucleoid. Removal of McdA from the nucleoid in the vicinity of carboxysomes by McdB causes a global break in McdA symmetry, and carboxysome motion occurs via a Brownian-ratchet based mechanism towards the highest concentration of McdA. Despite the importance for cyanobacteria to properly position their carboxysomes, whether the McdAB system is widespread among cyanobacteria remains an open question. Here, we used neighborhood analysis to show that the McdAB system is widespread among β-cyanobacteria and often clusters near carboxysome-related components. Moreover, we show that two distinct McdAB systems exist in β-cyanobacteria, with Type 2 systems being the most abundant (>98% of β-cyanobacteria) and Type 1 systems, like that of S. elongatus, possibly being acquired more recently. Surprisingly, our analysis suggests that the McdAB system is completely absent in α-cyanobacteria. Lastly, all McdB proteins we identified share the sequence signatures of a protein capable of undergoing Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS). Indeed, we find that S. elongatus McdB undergoes LLPS in vitro, the first example of a ParA-type ATPase partner protein exhibiting this behavior. This is an intriguing finding given the recent demonstration of LLPS activity by β-carboxysome core components. Our results have broader implications for understanding carboxysome biogenesis and positioning across all β-cyanobacteria. In Brief We found that the McdAB carboxysome positioning system is widespread among β-cyanobacteria, absent in α-cyanobacteria, exists in two distinct forms, and that S. elongatus McdB undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation.
Effects of plant growth regulators and photoperiod on in vitro microtuberization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

In vitro microtuber production of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cvs. Sante and Savalan were studied on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium applying different plant growth regulators 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzylamino purine (2,4-D and BAP) and photoperiods. Cultures were exposed to 16, 8 and 16 h+utter darkness photoperiodic regimes. The experimental design, complete randomized with three replications was applied. The results indicate that the effect of cultivar, hormone and photoperiod significantly had influence on whole traits. Sante cultivar had higher productivity than Savalan for whole measured traits. The results of mean comparison for photoperiod show that highest productivity for whole traits is gained by this treatment 16 h photoperiod+ utter darkness (P 3 ). In this experiment by using the combination of 2,4-D (2.26 μM) and BAP (22.19 μM), microtubers number, diameter and weight was increased. In this study, the highest number for microtuber in Sante cultivar with hormone 2,4-D and photoperiod P 3 is 9.47 which this high number for Savalan cultivar is gained by using the combination of two plant growth regulators and same photoperiod. Keywords: Tissue culture, potato, microtuber, photoperiod, hormone
Syddansk Universitet A smarter pathway for delivering cue exposure therapy ? The design and development of a smartphone application targeting alcohol use disorder

Background: Although the number of alcohol-related treatments in app stores is proliferating, none of them are based on a psychological framework and supported by empirical evidence. Cue exposure treatment (CET) with urge-specific coping skills (USCS) is often used in Danish treatment settings. It is an evidence-based psychological approach that focuses on promoting “confrontation with alcohol cues” as a means of reducing urges and the likelihood of relapse. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the design and development of a CET-based smartphone app; an innovative delivery pathway for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods: The treatment is based on Monty and coworkers’ manual for CET with USCS (2002). It was created by a multidisciplinary team of psychiatrists, psychologists, programmers, and graphic designers as well as patients with AUD. A database was developed for the purpose of registering and monitoring training activities. A final version of the CET app and database was developed after several user tests. Results: The final version of the CET app includes an introduction, 4 sessions featuring USCS, 8 alcohol exposure videos promoting the use of one of the USCS, and a results component providing an overview of training activities and potential progress. Real-time urges are measured before, during, and after exposure to alcohol cues and are registered in the app together with other training activity variables. Data packages are continuously sent in encrypted form to an external database and will be merged with other data (in an internal database) in the future. Conclusions: The CET smartphone app is currently being tested at a large-scale, randomized controlled trial with the aim of clarifying whether it can be classified as an evidence-based treatment solution. The app has the potential to augment the reach of psychological treatment for AUD. (JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017;5(1):e5) doi:10.2196/mhealth.6500
A Stringent Limit on the Mass Production Rate of r-process Elements in the Milky Way

We analyze data from several studies of metal-poor stars in the Milky Way, focusing individually on the main r-process elements (Eu) as well as the lighter neutron-capture element Sr, at the neutron-magic peak N = 50. Because these elements were injected in an explosion, we calculate the mass swept up when the blast wave first becomes radiative, yielding a lower limit for the dilution of such elements and hence a lower limit on the ejecta mass that is incorporated into the next generation of stars. Our study demonstrates that in order to explain the largest enhancements in [Eu/Fe] observed in stars at low [Fe/H] metallicities, individual r-process production events must synthesize a minimum of roughly 10−3 M⊙ of r-process material. This provides a critical constraint on galactic chemical evolution models. We also show independently that if the site of Mg production is the same as that of Eu, individual injection events must synthesize up to ∼10−3 M⊙ of r-process material. On the other hand, demanding that Sr traces Mg production results in r-process masses per event of ∼10−5 M⊙ . This suggests that the astrophysical sites responsible for the genesis of the main r-process elements need to operate at a drastically reduced rate when compared to standard core-collapse supernovae.
Computational Aeroelasticity of Flying Robots with Flexible Wings

A computational co-simulation framework for flying robots with flexible wings is presented. The authors combine a nonlinear aerodynamic model based on an extended version of the unsteady vortex-lattice method with a nonlinear structural model based on a segregated formulation of Lagrange ’ s equations obtained with the Floating Frame of Reference formalism. The structural model construction allows for hybrid combinations of different models typically used with multibody systems such as models based on rigid-body dynamics, assumed-modes techniques, and finite-element methods. The aerodynamic model includes a simulation of leading-edge separation for large angles of attack. The governing differential-algebraic equations are solved simultaneously and interactively to obtain the structural response and the flow in the time domain. The integration is based on the fourth-order predictor-corrector method of Hamming with a procedure to stabilize the iteration. The findings are found to capture known nonlinear behavior of flapping-wing systems. The developed framework should be relevant for conducting aeroelastic studies on a wide variety of air vehicle systems.