Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Network Disruptions At Colocation Facilities

Colocation facilities and Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) provide neutral places for concurrent networks to daily exchange terabytes of data traffic. Although very reliable, these facilities are not immune to failure and may experience difficulties that can have significant impacts on exchanged traffic. In this paper we devise a methodology to identify collocation facilities in traceroute data and to monitor delay and routing patterns between facilities. We also present an anomaly detection technique to report abnormal traffic changes usually due to facilities outages. We evaluate this method with eight months of traceroute data from the RIPE Atlas measurement platform and manually inspect the most prominent events, that are: an IXP outage, a DDoS attack, and a power failure in a facility. These case studies validate the benefits of the proposed system to detect real world outages from traceroute data. We also investigate the impact of anomalies at the metropolitan-level and identify outages that span across up to eight facilities.
UV CONTINUUM SLOPE AND DUST OBSCURATION FROM z ∼ 6 TO z ∼ 2: THE STAR FORMATION RATE DENSITY AT HIGH REDSHIFT

We provide a systematic measurement of the rest-frame UV continuum slope β over a wide range in redshift (z ∼ 2–6) and rest-frame UV luminosity (0.1 L*z = 3 to 2 L*z = 3) to improve estimates of the star formation rate (SFR) density at high redshift. We utilize the deep optical and infrared data (Advanced Camera for Surveys/NICMOS) over the Chandra Deep Field-South and Hubble Deep Field-North Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey fields, as well as the UDF for our primary UBVi “dropout” Lyman Break Galaxy sample. We also use strong lensing clusters to identify a population of very low luminosity, high-redshift dropout galaxies. We correct the observed distributions for both selection biases and photometric scatter. We find that the UV-continuum slope of the most luminous galaxies is substantially redder at z ∼ 2–4 than it is at z ∼ 5–6 (from ∼−2.4 at z ∼ 6 to ∼−1.5 at z ∼ 2). Lower luminosity galaxies are also found to be bluer than higher luminosity galaxies at z ∼ 2.5 and z ∼ 4. We do not find a large number of galaxies with β's as red as −1 in our dropout selections at z ∼ 4, and particularly at z ≳ 5, even though such sources could be readily selected from our data (and also from Balmer Break Galaxy searches at z ∼ 4). This suggests that star-forming galaxies at z ≳ 5 almost universally have very blue UV-continuum slopes, and that there are not likely to be a substantial number of dust-obscured galaxies at z ≳ 5 that are missed in “dropout” searches. Using the same relation between UV-continuum slope and dust extinction as has been found to be appropriate at both z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 2, we estimate the average dust extinction of galaxies as a function of redshift and UV luminosity in a consistent way. As expected, we find that the estimated dust extinction increases substantially with cosmic time for the most UV luminous galaxies, but remains small (≲2 times) at all times for lower luminosity galaxies. Because these same lower luminosity galaxies dominate the luminosity density in the UV continuum, the overall dust extinction correction remains modest at all redshifts and the evolution of this correction with redshift is only modest. We include the contribution from ultra-luminous IR galaxies in our SFR density estimates at z ∼ 2–6, but find that they contribute only ∼20% of the total at z ∼ 2.5 and ≲10% at z ≳ 4.
Uncovering latent diversity: Steps towards understanding 'What counts' and 'Who belongs' in engineering culture

Curricular expectations for engineering students are steadily expanding to encompass a diverse set of competencies and skills that ensure students are prepared to address the global challenges of engineering. This expansion highlights a need for educators to not only rethink how they educate the next generation of engineers, but also a need to cultivate “diversity of thought” within the culture of engineering. Earlier studies about diversity have focused on understanding how to increase the number of underrepresented students (i.e., women, students of color, and first-generation college students) who persist in STEM fields. However, there is a shift in how we (i.e., society, industry, and academia) define what it means to be diverse. In this paper, we examined how 12 diverse first-year engineering students described how their peers enact different ways of thinking and being in engineering, as well as how those differences influence whether their peers are perceived as someone who belongs in engineering. The participants acknowledged the cultural and gender differences among their peers; however, they primarily described how their peers were different based on their skill-set (i.e., technical, creative, and interpersonal), ways of thinking, and interests. These findings begin to help us understand how students define normative attitudes in engineering and the perception of what it means to be an engineer.
A New Surface Potential Based Poly-Si TFT Model for Circuit Simulation

A new surface potential based poly-Si TFT model for circuit simulation was developed, accounting for the influence of both deep and tail states across the band gap. The model describes the drain current for all regions of operation using the unified equation. Calculations using the drain current model produce results that are in good agreement with the measured I-V characteristics of poly-Si TFTs
A liquidity-based model of security design

The authors consider the problem of design and sale of a security backed by specified assets. Given access to higher-return investments, the issuer has an incentive to raise capital by securitizing part of these assets. At the time the security is issued, the issuer's or underwriter's private information regarding the payoff of the security may cause illiquidity in the form of a downward-sloping demand curve for the security. The authors characterize the optimal security design in several cases. They also demonstrate circumstances under which standard debt is optimal and show that the riskiness of the debt is increasing in the issuer's retention costs for assets.
Update on emerging regional techniques and novel local anesthetics in ambulatory anesthesia

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Ambulatory Anesthesia 2016:3 1–12 Ambulatory Anesthesia Dovepress
Flux balance analysis reveals acetate metabolism modulates cyclic electron flow and alternative glycolytic pathways in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Cells of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultured in the presence of acetate perform mixotrophic growth, involving both photosynthesis and organic carbon assimilation. Under such conditions, cells exhibit a reduced capacity for photosynthesis but a higher growth rate, compared to phototrophic cultures. Better understanding of the down regulation of photosynthesis would enable more efficient conversion of carbon into valuable products like biofuels. In this study, Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) and Flux Variability Analysis (FVA) have been used with a genome scale model of C. reinhardtii to examine changes in intracellular flux distribution in order to explain their changing physiology. Additionally, a reaction essentiality analysis was performed to identify which reaction subsets are essential for a given growth condition. Our results suggest that exogenous acetate feeds into a modified tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which bypasses the CO2 evolution steps, explaining increases in biomass, consistent with experimental data. In addition, reactions of the oxidative pentose phosphate and glycolysis pathways, inactive under phototrophic conditions, show substantial flux under mixotrophic conditions. Importantly, acetate addition leads to an increased flux through cyclic electron flow (CEF), but results in a repression of CO2 fixation via Rubisco, explaining the down regulation of photosynthesis. However, although CEF enhances growth on acetate, it is not essential—impairment of CEF results in alternative metabolic pathways being increased. We have demonstrated how the reactions of photosynthesis interconnect with carbon metabolism on a global scale, and how systems approaches play a viable tool in understanding complex relationships at the scale of the organism.
Toward fast, low-noise charge-coupled devices for Lynx

Abstract. Lynx requires large-format x-ray imaging detectors with performance at least as good as the best current-generation devices but with much higher readout rates. We are investigating an advanced charge-coupled device (CCD) detector architecture under development at MIT Lincoln Laboratory for use in the Lynx high-definition x-ray imager and x-ray grating spectrometer instruments. This architecture features a CMOS-compatible detector integrated with parallel CMOS signal processing chains. Fast, low-noise amplifiers and highly parallel signal processing provide the high frame rates required. CMOS-compatibility of the CCD enables low-power charge transfer and signal processing. We report on the performance of CMOS-compatible test CCDs read at pixel rates up to 5.0 Mpix s − 1 (50 times faster than Chandra ACIS CCDs), with transfer clock swings as low as 1.0-V peak-to-peak (power/gate-area comparable to ACIS CCDs at 100 times the parallel transfer rate). We measure read noise of 4.6 electrons RMS at 2.5 MHz and x-ray spectral resolution better than 150-eV full-width at half maximum at 5.9 keV for single-pixel events. We report charge transfer efficiency measurements and demonstrate that buried channel trough implants as narrow as 0.8 μm are effective in improving charge transfer performance. We find that the charge transfer efficiency of these devices drops significantly as detector temperature is reduced from ∼ − 30 ° C to −60 ° C. We point out the potential of previously demonstrated curved-detector fabrication technology for simplifying the design of the Lynx high-definition imager. We discuss the expected detector radiation tolerance at these relatively high transfer rates. Finally, we note that the high pixel “aspect ratio” (depletion depth: pixel size ≈9 ∶ 1) of our test devices is similar to that expected for Lynx detectors and discuss implications of this geometry for x-ray performance and noise requirements.
Stratospheric ozone climatology and variability over a southern subtropical site: Reunion Island (21° S; 55° E)

The study presents the climatological characteristics of stratospheric ozone observed over Reunion Island using in-situ (ozonesonde and SAOZ) and satellite (UARS-HALOE, SAGE-II and TOMS) measurements. It uses co-localised ozonesondes (from September 1992 to February 2005) and SAOZ measurements (from January 1993 to December 2004), SAGE-II data from October 1984 to February 1999 (~15 years), HALOE data from January 1991 to February 2005 (~15 years), and NIMBUS/TOMS data from January 1978 to December 2004 (27 years). The satellite measurements correspond to overpasses located nearby Reunion Island (21° S; 55° E). The height profiles of ozone concentration obtained from ozonesonde (0.5–29.5 km) show less bias in comparison with the HALOE and SAGE-II measurements. Though, the satellite (HALOE and SAGE-II) measurements underestimate the tropospheric ozone, they are in good agreement for the heights above 15 km. The bias between the measurements and the normalized ozone profile constructed from the ozonesonde and SAGE-II satellite measurement shows that the SAGE-II measurements are more accurate than the HALOE measurements in the lower stratosphere. The monthly variation of ozone concentration derived from ozonesonde and HALOE shows a nearly annual cycle with a maximum concentration during winter/spring and minimum concentration during summer/autumn months. The time evolution of total column ozone obtained from TOMS, SAOZ and the one computed from ozonesonde and SAGE-II, exhibits similar behaviour with analogous trends as above. The TOMS variation displays a higher value of total column ozone of about 3–5 DU (10%) in comparison with the SAOZ and the integrated ozone from ozonesonde and SAGE-II.
New Analytical Approach for Long-Term Generation Expansion Planning Based on Maximum Principle and Gaussian Distribution Function

This paper presents a new approach for the optimal long-range generation planning. A completely new analytical approach for the production costing model and reliability measure is developed under the assumption of Gaussian probabilistic distribution of random load fluctuations and plant outages. The long-range generation investment problem is formulated as an optimal control problem to determine optimally the annual investment in new generation capacity. The Hamiltonian minimization is performed by using a version of the gradient projection method.
KAITAN CITRA MEREK, PERSEPSI HARGA, KUALITAS PRODUK, DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN BLACKBERRY

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari variabel yaitu Citra merek (X1), persepsi harga (X2), kualitas produk (X3) dan promosi (X4) terhadap keputusan pembelian BlackBerry. Dalam penelitian ini data dikumpulkan dengan alat bantu berupa observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner terhadap 50 responden yaitu mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi program studi manajemen angkatan 2011 Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi uji instrumen data (uji validitas, dan uji reliabilitas), analisis regresi linear berganda, uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastisitas), dan uji hipotesis (uji F, uji t, koefisien determinasi). Dari hasil analisis menggunakan regresi dapat diketahui bahwa variabel Citra merek (X1), persepsi harga (X2), kualitas produk (X3) dan promosi (X4), semuanya berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian BlackBerry. Dari uji t diperoleh hasil Citra merek (0,021), persepsi harga (0,001), kualitas produk (0,000) dan promosi (0,043), semuanya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian BlackBerry.
The utilisation of a new soccer match simulation that incorporates technical actions.

This research used video analysis techniques and a new exercise simulation (Soccer Match Simulation) to examine the influence of fatigue and carbohydrate supplementation on the speed, precision and success of passing, shooting and dribbling skills performed throughout soccerspecific exercise. Study one examined the test-retest reliability and construct validity of new soccer skills tests in twenty soccer players (10 professional and 10 recreational). Small non-significant biases existed between trials in the speed, precision and success of passing, shooting and dribbling skills performed on different days. Moderate to moderately-strong relative reliability and construct validity was confirmed in at least one outcome measure for all skills. Study two demonstrated that the physiological demands of the Soccer Match Simulation, which incorporated the newly developed skills tests, were representative of actual match-play in ten professional soccer players. The third study examined the effects of fatigue on soccer skills performed throughout the Soccer Match Simulation in fifteen professional players. Soccer-specific exercise caused decrements in at least one outcome measure of passing and shooting performance. In a randomised, double-blind, and cross-over fashion, fifteen professional players ingested 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte or fluid-electrolyte solutions before and during the Soccer Match Simulation. Although carbohydrates attenuated the reduction in shot speed that occurred in the placebo trial, blood glucose concentrations were reduced at the onset of exercise during the second half. The final study examined the metabolic responses to carbohydrates ingested before and during actual soccer match-play. Ten professional players participated in 90 min of soccer match-play on two separate occasions after ingesting a 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte or fluid-electrolyte beverages in a randomised, double-blind, and cross-over design. Carbohydrate consumption caused a sharp decline in blood glucose concentrations when re-starting exercise after a halftime break. In summary, this research has provided further information concerning the skilled and metabolic responses to soccer match-play. Some of the findings presented in this thesis have been published in peer-reviewed journals as follows: Russell, M. , Benton, D. and Kingsley, M. (2010). The reliability and construct validity of soccer skills tests that measure passing, shooting, and dribbling. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28, 1399-1408. Russell, M. , Benton, D. and Kingsley, M. (In press). The effects of fatigue on soccer skills performed during a soccer match simulation. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. Russell, M. and Kingsley, M. (In press). Influence of exercise on skill proficiency in soccer: A review. Sports Medicine. Russell, M. , Rees, G. , Benton, D. and Kingsley, M. (In press). An exercise protocol that replicates soccer match-play. International Journal of Sports Medicine.
CHALLENGES OF USING EMI IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF UNIVERSITY SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES: STUDENT VOICE

This study examines the challenges of using English medium instruction (EMI) in teaching and learning scientific disciplines. The main objective of the study is to identify studentsâ€™ perceptions regarding lecture comprehension, communication, pedagogy, assessment, and affect in an EMI setting. The participants in this study are 264 Saudi students who study Computer Science, Engineering, and Medicine. A questionnaire with a four-point Likert scale was used to survey the participantsâ€™ views on the challenges they encounter as a result of the use of EMI for teaching and learning scientific disciplines. The collected data were analysed quantitatively with SPSS and qualitatively by using the content analysis method. The major findings of the study are: a) using English language to teach scientific disciplines has a seriously negative impact on the scientific content comprehension and assessment of a majority of the students in the present study, b) using English language as the medium of instruction and assessment causes anxiety, frustration, tension, fear, embarrassment and, ultimately, poor educational outcomes, c) EMI deprives the students of their basic rights to effective understanding, communication, interaction, discussion and inquiry. The study recommends ensuring quality English education in the foundation year and examining the option of â€œadditive bilingual education. â€
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) An investigation of the detectability of false intent about flying

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CAR T-cells: Driving in the Fast Lane

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy as a treatment modality has accelerated in a remarkable fashion in recent years and is now a standard of care for treating patients with relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and relapsed pediatric and adolescent B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This dramatic progress in the CAR T-cell ﬁ eld has been summarized in recent publications in HemaSphere. 1 – These articles have comprehensively reviewed the substantial successes of CAR T-cell treatment as well as the potential for
An Entomopathogenic Fungus for Control of Adult African Malaria Mosquitoes

Biological control of malaria mosquitoes in Africa has rarely been used in vector control programs. Recent developments in this field show that certain fungi are virulent to adult Anopheles mosquitoes. Practical delivery of an entomopathogenic fungus that infected and killed adult Anopheles gambiae, Africa's main malaria vector, was achieved in rural African village houses. An entomological inoculation rate model suggests that implementation of this vector control method, even at the observed moderate coverage during a field study in Tanzania, would significantly reduce malaria transmission intensity.
Repeated range expansion and niche shift in a volcanic hotspot archipelago: Radiation of C4 Hawaiian Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract Woody perennial plants on islands have repeatedly evolved from herbaceous mainland ancestors. Although the majority of species in Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce section Anisophyllum (Euphorbiaceae) are small and herbaceous, a clade of 16 woody species diversified on the Hawaiian Islands. They are found in a broad range of habitats, including the only known C4 plants adapted to wet forest understories. We investigate the history of island colonization and habitat shift in this group. We sampled 153 individuals in 15 of the 16 native species of Hawaiian Euphorbia on six major Hawaiian Islands, plus 11 New World close relatives, to elucidate the biogeographic movement of this lineage within the Hawaiian island chain. We used a concatenated chloroplast DNA data set of more than eight kilobases in aligned length and applied maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference for phylogenetic reconstruction. Age and phylogeographic patterns were co‐estimated using BEAST. In addition, we used nuclear ribosomal ITS and the low‐copy genes LEAFY and G3pdhC to investigate the reticulate relationships within this radiation. Hawaiian Euphorbia first arrived on Kaua`i or Ni`ihau ca. 5 million years ago and subsequently diverged into 16 named species with extensive reticulation. During this process Hawaiian Euphorbia dispersed from older to younger islands through open vegetation that is disturbance‐prone. Species that occur under closed vegetation evolved in situ from open vegetation of the same island and are only found on the two oldest islands of Kaua`i and O`ahu. The biogeographic history of Hawaiian Euphorbia supports a progression rule with within‐island shifts from open to closed vegetation.
Complement After Trauma: Suturing Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The overpowering effect of trauma on the immune system is undisputed. Severe trauma is characterized by systemic cytokine generation, activation and dysregulation of systemic inflammatory response complementopathy and coagulopathy, has been immensely instrumental in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the innate immune system during systemic inflammation. The compartmentalized functions of the innate and adaptive immune systems are being gradually recognized as an overlapping, interactive and dynamic system of responsive elements. Nonetheless the current knowledge of the complement cascade and its interaction with adaptive immune response mediators and cells, including T- and B-cells, is limited. In this review, we discuss what is known about the bridging effects of the complement system on the adaptive immune system and which unexplored areas could be crucial in understanding how the complement and adaptive immune systems interact following trauma.