Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK, KOMPLEKSITAS PEMERINTAHAN DAN TEMUAN AUDIT TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGUNGKAPAN WAJIB LKPD

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik, kompleksitas dan temuan audit terhadap tingkat pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pemerintah kabupaten/kota di Pulau Jawa tahun anggaran 2013 sebanyak 123 kabupaten/kota. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan yaitu 78 laporan keuangan Kabupaten dan Kota. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan alat bantu SPSS 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel ukuran pemerintah daerah dan ukuran legislatif berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat pengungkapan dan variabel intergovernmental revenue berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat pengungkapan, sedangkan variabel kemandirian daerah, jumlah SKPD dan temuan audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengungkapan. Variabel temuan audit sebaiknya tidak hanya diproksikan dengan jumlah temuan saja, karena hal ini dinilai tidak material. Penggunaan proksi nilai temuan dan kategori temuan akan lebih tepat dalam menentukan tingkat materialitas suatu temuan. This study aims to determine the effect of the characteristics, complexity and audit findings on the level of disclosure of Local Government Finance Report. The population in this study is the district / city governments in Java fiscal year 2013 as many as 123 districts / cities. The method used is purposive sampling. The number of samples used are 78 districts and the City's financial statements. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 21. The results showed that in partial size and the size of the local government legislative positive effect on the level of disclosure and variable intergovernmental revenue negatively affect the level of disclosure, while the independent variable regions, the number of SKPD and the audit findings do not affect the level of disclosure. Variable audit findings should not only proxied by the number of findings, because it is considered not material. The use of proxy values the findings and the findings would be more appropriate categories in determining the level of materiality of a finding.
Durable Goods, Inter-Sectoral Linkages and Monetary Policy

Barsky, House and Kimball (2007) show that introducing durable goods into a sticky-price model leads to negative sectoral comovement of production following a monetary policy shock and, under certain conditions, to aggregate neutrality. These results appear to undermine sticky-price models. In this paper, we show that these results are not robust to two prominent and realistic features of the data, namely input-output interactions and limited mobility of productive inputs. When extended to allow for both features, the sticky-price model with durable goods delivers implications in line with VAR evidence on the effects of monetary policy shocks.
Comment on "A Green Algal Apicoplast Ancestor"

Discovery of a plastid in apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium ( [1][1], [2][2] ) has prompted intense debate over whether the plastid originates from a red algal or a green algal ancestor ( [3][3]–[5][4] ). Funes et al. ( [6][5] ) argued for a green algal ancestry based on
Ongoing development of social cognition in adolescence

Age differences in social cognition between adolescents and young adults were investigated. Two large groups of adolescents and young adults were given tasks of theory of mind and emotion recognition. In addition, to control for possibly related basic cognitive development, working memory, speed of processing, and verbal ability were assessed. A strong age effect was revealed across both measures of social cognition. Adolescents performed with a lower accuracy than adults. Further analyses indicated that those age differences remained significant even after controlling for basic cognitive abilities. Exploratory analyses indicated no influence of pubertal phase on social cognition. Results suggest ongoing development of social cognition across adolescence, independent of individual differences in more basic cognitive abilities.
Aid and Taxation in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The relation between aid and taxation is largely contested in the literature. On the one hand, aid may act as a substitute for tax revenue and thus have a crowding-out effect. It can also have a detrimental effect on domestic tax institutions. On the other hand, it can promote and support tax mobilisation through policy advice, technical assistance, and conditionality, in addition to more indirect channels. The case of Ethiopia supports the existence of a positive relation between aid and tax, which occurs mainly through policy advice and technical assistance rather than conditionality. This finding is grounded in both quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Cloning of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa alkaline protease gene and secretion of the protease into the medium by Escherichia coli

Pseudomonas virulence is thought to depend on multiple characteristics, including the production of an extracellular alkaline protease. We report the isolation, from a PAO1 DNA genomic bank, of a cosmid carrying the structural gene coding for alkaline protease. By in vivo mutagenesis using transposon Tn1735, which functions as a transposable promoter, the expression of an 8.8-kilobase DNA fragment under control the tac promoter was obtained. When expressed in Escherichia coli, active alkaline protease was synthesized and secreted to the extracellular medium in the absence of cell lysis.
Portuguese Dentists' Attitudes Towards Their Role in Addressing Obesity.

PURPOSE To determine Portuguese dentists' role in addressing obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this pilot study, the original version of the Dentists' Role In Addressing Obesity questionnaire was translated from English into Portuguese and validated to ensure that it was culturally adapted for Portuguese dentists. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 400 Portuguese dentists. SPSS Statistics 20 was used to analyse the survey sampling design and assess respondents' attitudes and opinions, outcome expectations and self-efficacy both as ordinal and dichotomised variables. The analysis was a descriptive statistic based on frequencies, without symmetry test. RESULTS In all, 141 dentists responded. Overall, 22.0% of respondents offered a form of counseling services and 58.9% reported that they were interested in offering obesity-related services. A paucity of trained personnel (58.9%) was cited by the respondents as a major barrier, followed by patients' rejection of weight-loss advice (32.6%) and fears of offending patients (29.1%). 92% of respondents agreed that dentists would be more willing to intervene if obesity were linked to oral disease. CONCLUSION Healthcare providers must coordinate prevention and interventional efforts for maximum effect. Given the positioning of dentists willing to assist in such an effort, it appears reasonable for experts in obesity intervention in conjunction with dental educators to develop intervention models to be implemented within the scope of the dental practice.
Protein phosphatase 2A inhibition and subsequent cytoskeleton reorganization contributes to cell migration caused by microcystin‐LR in human laryngeal epithelial cells (Hep‐2)

The major toxic mechanism of Microcystin‐LR is inhibition of the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), resulting in a series of cytotoxic effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated that microcystin‐LR (MCLR) induced very different molecular effects in normal cells and the tumor cell line SMMC7721. To further explore the MCLR toxicity mechanism in tumor cells, human laryngeal epithelial cells (Hep‐2) was examined in this study. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and transwell migration assay were used to detect the effects of MCLR on PP2A activity, PP2A substrates, cytoskeleton, and cell migration. The results showed that the protein level of PP2A subunits and the posttranslational modification of the catalytic subunit were altered and that the binding of the AC core enzyme as well as the binding of PP2A/C and α4, was also affected. As PP2A substrates, the phosphorylation of MAPK pathway members, p38, ERK1/2, and the cytoskeleton‐associated proteins, Hsp27, VASP, Tau, and Ezrin were increased. Furthermore, MCLR induced reorganization of the cytoskeleton and promoted cell migration. Taken together, direct covalent binding to PP2A/C, alteration of the protein levels and posttranslational modification, as well as the binding of subunits, are the main pattern for the effects of MCLR on PP2A in Hep‐2. A dose‐dependent change in p‐Tau and p‐Ezrin due to PP2A inhibition may contribute to the changes in the cytoskeleton and be related to the cell migration in Hep‐2. Our data provide a comprehensive exposition of the MCLR mechanism on tumor cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 890–903, 2017.
Increased benzodiazepine‐like activity is neither necessary nor sufficient to explain acute hepatic encephalopathy in the thioacetamide‐treated rat

Increased levels of natural benzodiazepine receptor agonists, produced in the body (endogenous) or ingested with food (exogenous) have been proposed as one of the factors causing hepatic encephalopathy in both experimental animals and human subjects. However, the divergent response of hepatic encephalopathy to benzodiazepine antagonists sheds doubt on this attractive hypothesis. Acute liver failure was induced in male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 17) with intraperitoneal thioacetamide (600 mg/kg/day for 3 days) while 14 control rats received vehicle only. Acute liver failure developed in all treated rats (AST: 1,898 ± 1,359 IU/L vs. controls, 45 ± 5 IU/L, p < 0.005; bilirubin: 36 ± 27 μmol/L vs. controls, 1.5 ± 0.5 μmol/L, p < 0.005; centrizonal necrosis) and grade 3 or 4 hepatic encephalopathy (neurologic assessment and activity monitoring). However, benzodiazepine receptor ligand activity, measured in the supernatant of whole‐brain homogenates with a [3H]fiumazenil binding competition assay, was clearly increased in only 1 of 17 rats with acute liver failure compared with controls (52.7 ± 34.1 vs. 44.3 ± 18.9 ng diazepam equivalents/gm; NS). To evaluate whether the reported increase in benzodiazepine receptor ligand activity could be due to prolonged residence of exogenous benzodiazepine‐like substances, additional rats with acute liver failure and controls were treated with diazepam (five doses of 0.5 mg/kg at 12‐hr intervals by gavage). Benzodiazepine receptor ligand activity was greater in animals with acute liver failure than in controls (223 ± 65 vs. 103 ± 23 ng diazepam equivalents/gm; p < 0.002) 1 to 3 hr after the last diazepam dose. Increased tissue levels of benzodiazepine receptor ligand activity are therefore neither necessary nor sufficient to explain the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. We conclude that increased tissue levels of benzodiazepine receptor agonists in hepatic encephalopathy could be due to prolonged residence of exogenous benzodiazepine‐like compounds of pharmaceutical or natural origin. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1459–1464.)
A novel three‐dimensional tool for teaching human neuroanatomy

Three‐dimensional (3D) visualization of neuroanatomy can be challenging for medical students. This knowledge is essential in order for students to correlate cross‐sectional neuroanatomy and whole brain specimens within neuroscience curricula and to interpret clinical and radiological information as clinicians or researchers. This study implemented and evaluated a new tool for teaching 3D neuroanatomy to first‐year medical students at Boston University School of Medicine. Students were randomized into experimental and control classrooms. All students were taught neuroanatomy according to traditional 2D methods. Then, during laboratory review, the experimental group constructed 3D color‐coded physical models of the periventricular structures, while the control group re‐examined 2D brain cross‐sections. At the end of the course, 2D and 3D spatial relationships of the brain and preferred learning styles were assessed in both groups. The overall quiz scores for the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (t(85) = 2.02, P < 0.05). However, when the questions were divided into those requiring either 2D or 3D visualization, only the scores for the 3D questions were significantly higher in the experimental group (F1,85= 5.48, P = 0.02). When surveyed, 84% of students recommended repeating the 3D activity for future laboratories, and this preference was equally distributed across preferred learning styles (χ2 = 0.14, n.s.). Our results suggest that our 3D physical modeling activity is an effective method for teaching spatial relationships of brain anatomy and will better prepare students for visualization of 3D neuroanatomy, a skill essential for higher education in neuroscience, neurology, and neurosurgery. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
How Long After Drug Ingestion Is Activated Charcoal Still Effective?

Objective: The recent American Academy of Clinical Toxicology/European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists position statement on activated charcoal stated “there are insufficient data to support or exclude its use after 1 hour of ingestion. ” The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of activated charcoal administered 1, 2, and 3 hours after drug ingestion. Methods: This was a human volunteer, randomized crossover study. Ten volunteers ingested 4 g of acetaminophen on four occasions at least 1 week apart. One ingestion served as a control and the other three as experimental ingestions with charcoal being administered at 1, 2, and 3 hours after acetaminophen dosing. Eight blood specimens were obtained over the initial 8 hours for serum acetaminophen concentrations that were used for calculation of routine pharmacokinetic parameters. Repeated measures of ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Pharmacokinetic parameters for acetaminophen in our volunteers were consistent with literature values. The mean area under the curve (AUC ± SD) for the control and the 1-, 2-, and 3-hour groups were 221 ± 54, 154 ± 71, 206 ± 67 and 204 ± 58 mg/L/h, respectively. The 1-hour group was the only one differing from control (p < 0.01). The decrease of bioavailability at 1 hour was 30.3%, which is similar to previous studies. Conclusion: Our data do not support the administration of activated charcoal as a gastrointestinal decontamination strategy beyond 1 hour after drug overdose.
A Recessive Heterochronic Mutation, plastochron1, Shortens the Plastochron and Elongates the Vegetative Phase in Rice

We describe two recessive alleles of a rice heterochronic gene, plastochron1-1 (pla1-1) and pla1-2, that reduce the length of the plastochron to approximately half that of the wild type. Because the onset of the reproductive phase in pla1 was not temporally affected, the number of leaves produced in the vegetative phase was nearly twice that produced in the wild type. Panicle development was severely disturbed in pla1 mutants. In pla1-1, many primordia of primary rachis branches were converted into vegetative shoots. These ectopic shoots repeated the initiation of panicle development and the conversion of primary rachis branches into shoots. In the weak allele pla1-2, however, only the basal one or two primordia developed as vegetative shoots, and the remaining primordia developed to produce a truncated panicle. These results indicate that both vegetative and reproductive programs are expressed simultaneously during the reproductive phase of pla1; however, the degree varied depending on the strength of the allele. Accordingly, pla1 is a heterochronic mutation that extends the vegetative period. The shoot apical meristem of pla1 was larger than that of the wild type, although the shape was not modified. An in situ hybridization experiment using the histone H4 gene as a probe revealed that cell divisions are accelerated in the pla1 meristem. The PLA1 gene is considered to regulate the duration of the vegetative phase by controlling the rate of leaf production in the meristem.
The influence of achievement goals on the constructive activity of low achievers during collaborative problem solving.

BACKGROUND Previous research on small-group learning has found that level of constructive activity (solving or explaining how to solve problems using ideas stated or implied in the explanation provided by a partner) was a better predictor of post-test achievement than either a student's prior achievement or the quality of help received (Webb, Troper, & Fall, 1995). AIMS The purpose of this study was to extend this research by examining the influence of additional factors, in particular, achievement goals and comprehension monitoring, on low achieving students' constructive activity after receiving help from a high achieving peer. SAMPLE Thirty-two low achieving upper elementary students from an urban school district in the mid-west of the United States were paired with high achieving partners. METHODS Videotape data from a previously reported study on peer collaboration were transcribed and reanalyzed. In that study, dyads were randomly assigned instructions designed to induce either a learning or performance goal and were videotaped as they worked together to solve a set of mathematical word problems. The following day, students were individually post-tested on problems similar to the ones worked on in pairs. RESULTS Consistent with previous research, low achieving students' level of constructive activity predicted post-test performance. In addition, constructive activity was found to mediate the relationship between achievement goals and learning. However, achievement goals were not related to low achievers constructive use of help. Instead, achievement goals were related to low achievers' relative accuracy in comprehension monitoring, which in turn was related to level of constructive activity. CONCLUSIONS The meaning of these results for understanding the processes by which low achievers learn from peer help and implications for classroom practice are discussed.
Cosmetic tourism: public opinion and analysis of information and content available on the Internet.

BACKGROUND The medical tourism market is a rapidly growing sector fueled by increasing health care costs, longer domestic waiting times, economic recession, and cheaper air travel. OBJECTIVES The authors investigate public opinion on undergoing cosmetic surgery abroad and then explore the information patients are likely to encounter on the Internet when searching for such services. METHODS A poll of 197 members of the general public was conducted in the United Kingdom. An Internet search including the terms plastic surgery abroad was conducted, and the first 100 relevant sites were reviewed. RESULTS Of the 197 respondents, 47% had considered having some form of cosmetic surgery. Most (97%) would consider going abroad for their procedure. The Internet was a source of information for 70%. The review of the first 100 sites under "plastic surgery abroad" revealed that most centers were located in Eastern Europe (26%), South America (14%), and the Far East (11%). Exploring the information provided on the Web sites, we found 37% contained no information regarding procedures. Only 10% of sites contained any information about potential complications. Even less frequently mentioned (4%) were details of aftercare or follow-up procedures. CONCLUSIONS The authors found that the overwhelming majority of respondents considering plastic surgery would also consider seeking cosmetic surgical treatment abroad. The Internet sites that appear most prominently in an online search contained a distinct lack of information for potential patients, particularly with regard to complications and aftercare. There is, therefore, a need for improved public awareness and education about the considerations inherent in medical tourism. The introduction of more stringent regulations for international centers providing such services should also be considered to help safeguard patients.
A Study on Dynamic Relationship Between Oil, Gold, Forex and Stock Markets in Indian Context

Indian economy in the recent past had experienced a volatile situation in its financial markets. Forex markets witnessed continuous weakening of rupee against dollar, followed by rise in crude oil prices, gold prices, inflation rate which made RBI to interfere with its hike in policy rates to curb the inflation. Effect of one market on another market is not a new thing, but the variations in the degree of impact and co-movements between the markets need to be examined. The main objective of this article is to study the causal relationship between oil, gold, forex and stock markets, for a period ranging from January 2005 till July 2015. This study employs the Granger causality test. The results indicate that the existence of only unidirectional relationship among the variables. The Granger causality test reveals that oil prices contribute towards development and forecasting of exchange rate and gold prices, whereas fluctuations in oil prices are granger caused by Sensex.
The Pharmacokinetics of the New Short‐acting Opioid Remifentanil (GI87084B) in Healthy Adult Male Volunteers

BackgroundRemifentanil (GI87084B) is a new short-acting opioid with a unique ester structure. Metabolism of remifentanil by ester hydrolysis results in very rapid elimination. The aim of this study was to characterize in detail the pharmacokinetic profile of remifentanil in healthy male volunteers. MethodsTen healthy adult male volunteers received a zero-order infusion of remifentanil at doses ranging from 1 to 8 μg · kg-1 · min-1 for 20 min. Frequent arterial blood samples were drawn and analyzed by gas chromatographic mass spectroscopy to determine the remifentanil blood concentrations. The raw pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using three different parametric compartmental modeling methods (traditional two-stage, naive pooled data, and NONMEM). The raw pharmacokinetic data also were analyzed using numeric deconvolution and a nonparametric moment technique. A computer simulation using the pharmacokinetic parameters of the NONMEM compartmental model was performed to provide a more intuitively meaningful and clinically relevant description of the pharmacokinetics. The simulation estimated the time necessary to achieve a 50% decrease in remifentanil concentration after a variable-length infusion. ResultsFor each parametric method, a three-compartment mamillary model that accurately describes remifentanil's concentration decay curve was constructed. The NONMEM analysis population pharmacokinetic parameters included a central clearance of 2.8 1/min, a volume of distribution at steady state of 32.8 1, and a terminal half-life of 48 min. The mean results of the nonparametric moment analysis included a clearance of 2.9 1/min, a volume of distribution at steady state of 31.8 1, and a mean residence time of 10.9 min. The computer simulation revealed the strikingly unique pharmacokinetic profile of remifentanil compared to that of the currently available fentanyl family of opioids. ConclusionsRemifentanil is a new, short-acting opioid with promising clinical potential in anesthesiology.