Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volatility Regressions with Fat Tails ∗

Nowadays, a common method to forecast integrated variance is to use the ﬁtted value of a simple OLS autoregression of the realized variance. However, non-parametric estimates of the tail index of this realized variance process reveal that its second moment is possibly unbounded. In this case, the behavior of the OLS estimators and the corresponding statistics are unclear. We prove that when the second moment of the spot variance is unbounded, the slope of the spot variance’s autoregression converges to a random variable as the sample size diverges. The same result holds when one uses the integrated or realized variance instead of the spot variance. We then consider the class of diﬀusion variance models with an aﬃne drift, a class which includes GARCH and CEV processes, and we prove that IV estimation with adequate instruments provide consistent estimators of the drift parameters as long as the variance process has a ﬁnite ﬁrst moment regardless of the existence of the second moment. In particular, for the GARCH diﬀusion model with fat tails, an IV estimation where the instrument equals the sign of the centered lagged value of the variable of interest provides consistent estimators. Simulation results corroborate the theoretical ﬁndings of the paper.
Trends in morbidity and mortality from COPD in Brazil, 2000 to 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the trends in overall COPD mortality, as well as trends in in-hospital morbidity and mortality due to COPD, in Brazil, and to validate predictive models. Methods: This was a population-based study with a time-series analysis of cause-specific morbidity and mortality data for individuals ≥ 40 years of age, obtained from national health information systems for the 2000-2016 period. Morbidity and mortality rates, stratified by gender and age group, were calculated for the same period. We used regression analyses to examine the temporal trends and double exponential smoothing in our analysis of the predictive models for 2017. Results: Over the study period, COPD mortality rates trended downward in Brazil. For both genders, there was a downward trend in the southern, southeastern, and central-western regions. In-hospital morbidity rates declined in all regions, more so in the south and southeast. There were significant changes in the number of hospitalizations, length of hospital stay, and hospital expenses. The predictive models for 2017 showed error rates below 9% and were therefore validated. Conclusions: In Brazil, COPD age-adjusted mortality rates have declined in regions with higher socioeconomic indices, where there has been an even sharper decrease in all in-hospital morbidity and mortality variables. In addition to factors such as better treatment adherence and reduced smoking rates, socioeconomic factors appear to be involved in controlling COPD morbidity and mortality. The predictive models estimated here might also facilitate decision making and the planning of health policies aimed at treating COPD.
Effect of Service Quality, Brand Image, Perceived Value on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in the Chinese Banking Industry

The key objective of the research was to find relationships between service quality, brand image, perceived value Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the Chinese banking industry. In order to collect the data questionnaire was distributed among the general public of Nanjing, Jiangsu province in China living in different locations. Total 170 responses were collected from the respondent. Moreover, structural equation modeling was utilized to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings revealed that perceived value, service quality and brand image have a significant impact on customers satisfaction and loyalty, as well as customer satisfaction had a positive relationship with customer loyalty. With the purpose of making customers satisfied and loyal the organization must focus on offering them the product on fair price, providing better service quality and creating the better brand image. This research investigates how people of Nanjing, China react to different kinds of benefits provided by the organization on their purchase. This study covers a residence of Nanjing living in different locations. In the future research a bigger sample size and different geographical area should be focused. Keywords— Customer Satisfaction, brand image, customer loyalty, perceived value, service quality, China. Banking Industry
Evaluation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Genotypes for Growth, Yield and Quality under Rainfed Condition of Arunachal Pradesh

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one of the important spice crop grown in India since times immemorial. It is widely used in ceremonies and religious functions. It is an erect, herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Zingiberaceae and native to South East Asia (Chickarmane et al., 2003). Turmeric is valued for its deep yellow colour and pungent aromatic flavour due to the presence of colouring matter ‘curcumin’ and a volatile oil ‘termerol’. It is also an important condiment which finds a unique place in culinary arts and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 09 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Transcriptome of Homoeolo-gous Genes Deduced from the Full-Length cDNA Clones of Common Wheat , Triticum aes

Allopolyploidization is an important event in plants, since it enhances heterosis and wide environmental adaptations. Common wheat, Triticum aestivum (AABBDD), arose through hybridization between T. turgidum (AABB) and Aegilops tauschii (DD) and subsequent whole genome duplication. To identify homoeologous genes expressed from the three distinct genomes of common wheat, we comprehensively surveyed available Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), based on the proofed 26,241 full-length cDNA data. In total, 76,568 homoeologous genes were classified. These homoeologous genes were grouped into the 36,389 gene clusters, and assigned to each chromosome and/or chromosome arm of common wheat. Transcript specific homoeologous genes could be identified. In addition to protein coding genes, non-coding genes were located on Kohei Mishina1, Kanako Kawaura1, Yoko Kamiya1, Yuki Kajita1, Keiichi Mochida2, Hiroshi Tarui3, Michihira Tagami3, Naoko Suzuki3, Jun Kawai4, Yukino Nakamura5, Kentaro Yano5 and Yasunari Ogihara1* 1Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan 2Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Riken, Yokohama, Japan 3Riken Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan 4Riken Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Japan 5Bioinformatics Laboratory, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan Transcriptome of Homoeologous Genes Deduced from the Full-Length cDNA Clones of Common Wheat, Triticum aestivum L chromosomes and/or chromosome arms. About half of the homoeologous genes acted as single copy genes, showing diploidization of these genes. Preferential gene expression from the B genome was found not only in single copy genes, but also in genes with multiple copies. Wheat specific genes were mostly in single copies, and expressed more from the B genome than the other genomes. GO classification showed that expressed genes have typical functions that characterize hexaploid wheat. This reference set of expressed genes in common wheat should be an indispensable genome resource.
Abbreviated title : Modulation of mu rhythm by movement kinematics

This study investigates whether movement kinematics modulates similarly the rolandic α and β rhythm amplitude during executed and observed goal-directed hand movements. It also assesses if this modulation relates to the corticokinematic coherence (CKC), which is the coupling observed between cortical activity and movement kinematics during such motor actions. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals were recorded from 11 right-handed healthy subjects while they performed or observed an actor performing the same repetitive hand pinching action. Subjects’ and actor’s forefinger movements were monitored with an accelerometer. Coherence was computed between acceleration signals and the amplitude of α (8–12 Hz) or β (15–25 Hz) oscillations. The coherence was also evaluated between source-projected MEG signals and their β amplitude. Coherence was mainly observed between acceleration and the amplitude of β oscillations at movement frequency within bilateral primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex with no difference between executed and observed movements. Crosscorrelation between the amplitude of β oscillations at the SM1 cortex and movement acceleration was maximal when acceleration was delayed by ~100 ms, both during movement execution and observation. Coherence between source-projected MEG signals and their β amplitude during movement observation and execution was not significantly different from that during rest. This study shows that observing others’ actions engages in the viewer’s brain similar dynamic modulations of SM1 cortex β rhythm as during action execution. Results support the view that different neural mechanisms might account for this modulation and CKC. These two kinematic-related phenomena might help humans to understand how observed motor actions are actually performed.
A Comparative study of outcome between operative and non-operative treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures

Open reduction and internal fixation has the advantage of anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation of the subtalar joint. All patients were treated with operative management based on our inclusion criteria Age group between 19-50 years, displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures with >2mm step, decrease in Bohler’s angle <20 degrees. , and increase in Gissane’s angle >115 degrees. Only sanders II, III, and IV part fractures were included in the study. Calcaneal fractures caused by fall from height includes 27 fractures (84.37%) and by Road Traffic Accident includes 5 fractures (15.6%) overall. The average time from injury to surgery was 12 (range 6-19) days. All patients were grafted with autogenous graft in 13 patients (76.5%) and G-bone in 4cases (23.5%).
Investigating the necessity of demand characterization and stimulation for geospatial electrification planning in developing countries

Despite substantial progress in recent years, the global community is projected to fall short in its goal to achieve universal electricity access by 2030. State-of-the-art electrification planning models enable planners to outline pathways towards improving the economic feasibility of extending access. The studies presented in this paper employ the Reference Electrification Model (REM) to investigate the value of accurately modeling detailed demand characteristics for electrification planning endeavors. Additionally, the benefits of demand stimulation are explored. REM uses information about consumer demand, existing grid topology, network and generation components, and other features to produce detailed engineering designs of recommended systems for every consumer in an area of interest. These designs may comprise different supply technologies including grid extension, mini-grid, and stand-alone systems. In our case study, the model determines the cost-optimal technology mix to provide full electrification for a 10,914 km2 area of Uganda with 366,946 individual consumers. These consumers are categorized into 20 consumer types. The studies presented are unique from those previously reported due to the high (consumer-level) spatial granularity, technical detail in system designs, and large areal extent of analysis. A number of contributions are made. First, the criticality of adequately estimating demand and its evolution is demonstrated for large-scale planning; notable cost and supply technology sensitivities are observed as a function of anticipated demand levels. Second, the importance of representing demand heterogeneity is elucidated via modeling a diversity of consumer types. In the “central demand case” presented, modeling demand heterogeneity results in least-cost plans that are 9% less costly than modeling assuming one single customer type. Modeling heterogeneity also decreases prescribed grid extension shares from 89% to 77%, increasing the prevalence of mini-grid and stand-alone systems. Lastly, the potential economic benefits of demand stimulation are characterized. We show how stimulating demand can lead to positive feedback loops: increasing electricity demand can lower electricity unit-costs through the realization of economies of scale and improved network utilization, which can improve the viability of additional electric loads, continuing the cycle. Specific studies comparing the economics of clean cooking via electric and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves show how these feedback loops can jointly benefit progress towards universal access to clean cooking and electricity. The demand assumptions modeled show that coordinated planning can reduce electricity costs by 34% and increase electric cookstove viabilities from 42% to 82%.
Longitudinal study of relationships between red cell aggregation at rest and lactate response to exercise after training in young gymnasts

Increased red cell aggregation appears to experimentally impair muscular microcirculation and thus 02 supply to muscles. In sportsmen, we reported in three different cross-sectional studies a correlation between RBC aggregation and lactate release during exercise, which could be explained by this mechanism. This study aimed at confirming this finding in a follow up study of young gymnasts submitted to a 6 months training session. 11 gymnasts (age 12-14.5 yr; 7 girls and 4 boys; weight 33-60.5 kg; height 1.44-1.7m) underwent a 15 min submaximal incremental exercise-test on cycloergometer before and after the training session, as part of a check-up for detecting adverse effects of training on growth and puberty. The difference between RBC aggregation (measured with the Myrenne erythroaggregometer) before and after training was correlated to the difference in blood lactate area under the curve during exercise before and after training ('M' index which measures aggregation during stasis after disaggregation at 600 s·1: r=0.727 p<0.02; 'M1' index which measures RBC aggregation at low shear rate after disaggregation: r=0.832 p<O.01). Changes in plasma viscosity during the same period are also positively correlated to changes in lactate area: r=0.717 p<0.02). Since changes in . aggregation and changes plasma viscosity are not correlated, they appear to be independent determinants of lactate response during exercise. Thus, decreases in RBC aggregation and/or plasma viscosity after training in young gymnasts are associated with an improvement in aerobic metabolism during exercise. Although a causal relationship remains to be demonstrated, this study, in agreement with previous ones showing a correlation between RBC aggregation and lactate response, suggests a possible involvement of RBC aggregation in 02 transfer to exercising muscles.
Application of whole-genome sequencingto understand transmission of healthcareassociatedStaphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of healthcare associated infection. Efforts to reduce the burden of S. aureus infections in healthcare settings have targeted patient carriage and preventing person-to-person transmission. These measures have only been partially successful. Our understanding of S. aureus transmission is limited by low discrimination of currently available typing techniques. The high resolution offered by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has the potential to overcome these limitations. Work undertaken in this thesis exploits recent advances in WGS to understand S. aureus transmission in healthcare settings and in so doing establish the potential for WGS to replace current typing systems in infection control practice.
A review and revision of Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic pluton chronology in the Rico Mountains, southwestern Colorado

A bstrAct — Latest Mesozoic to Cenozoic plutonic rocks have had a profound influence on the landscape, mineralization, and uplift history in the Rico Mountains. This record is defined by emplacement of numerous stocks, sills, and dikes of felsic to mafic intrusive rocks. Plutons of diorite to monzonite porphyry emplaced in a narrow span of time at ~68 Ma dominate the record. The preservation of 1748 to 1381 Ma xenocrystic zircons in the ~68 Ma plutonic rocks provides further evidence for the involvement of Proterozoic basement in the generation of Laramide magmas in the western San Juan Mountains. Hypabyssal monzonite plutons were emplaced at ~4 Ma in the Rico Mountains, contemporaneous with a period of elevated geothermal gradient accompanied by production of a deep-seated stock with porphyry Mo mineralization. The Pliocene plutons formed in an interval marked by intrusion of 7 to 4 Ma alkaline mafic rocks along an incipient zone of extension that extends from Rico to Placerville. The 68 to 4 Ma plutonic events in the Rico Mountains mimic a long-term shift to more bimodal magmatism in the western San Juan Mountains. Injection of mantle melts from 25 to 0.6 Ma during incipient crustal extension accompanied elevated thermal gradients over the region, as evidenced by resetting of cooling ages in some Laramide intrusive rocks. The higher geothermal gradient and Pliocene magma production in the western San Juan Mountains marked the continued involvement of man- tle melts in the production of crustal magmas.
How aggressive are foreign multinational companies in reducing their corporation tax liability? Evidence from UK condential corporate tax returns

In this paper, I use con dential UK corporate tax returns dataset from Her Majestys Revenue and Customs (HMRC) to explore whether there are systematic di¤erences in the amount of taxable pro ts that multinational and domestic companies report. I estimate, using propensity score matching, that the ratio of taxable pro ts to total assets reported by foreign multinational subsidiaries is 12.8 percentage points lower than that of comparable domestic standalones, which report their ratio of taxable pro ts to total assets to be 25.2 percent. If we assume that all of the di¤erence can be attributed to pro t shifting, foreign multinational subsidiaries shift over half of their taxable pro ts out of the UK. The di¤erence is almost entirely attributable to the fact that a higher proportion of foreign multinational subsidiaries report zero taxable pro ts (59.2 percent) than domestic standalones (27.5 percent), suggesting a very aggressive form of pro t shifting. Comparison of propensity score matching results using accounting and taxable pro ts data reveals that the extent of pro t shifting estimated using accounting data is much smaller than that estimated using tax returns data. JEL: H25, H32,
Advertising , Corporate Bond Yields , and Liquidity by

Research suggests that product market advertising can enhance a firm’s visibility, thus attracting investors and improving stock liquidity and returns. Does advertising for improving visibility then increase the firm value? To answer this, we examine how advertising affects corporate bonds. Unlike stockholders, bondholders may view advertising skeptically. Without proven effectiveness in improving revenues, large pre-interest, advertising expenditures can be seen as detrimental to meeting debt service obligations. We find that although greater advertising improves bond liquidity, it does not lower credit spreads. However, ineffective advertising widens credit spreads and reduces bond liquidity. When costly, improving visibility then might even destroy value. JEL classification: M37; G30; G32
Low frequency noise and infrasound: A new method to determine the specific sound from the total sound; a plausible statistical algorithm for use in Legal Noise Assessment

All impacts of noise are presented within a complex acoustic environment, sometimes from a single source (e.g., a sole piece of equipment or an industrial site) or from multiple sources. It is well known that any sound measurement whether indoors or out –is registered by SLM and usually identified as the total sound. The issue here is that there is not always a simple way to distinguish a specific sound from the total sound, and it is impossible to conduct an fft analysis and "eliminate" its spectrum in the signal recorded at the receiver position. In this work, the author proposes a new method of employing statistical tools. Applying this concept of eliminating unwanted sound levels (low frequencies from traffic noise or infrasound of the environment) will be the technique used to evaluate noise under ISO 1996 standards, the accepted procedure for legal evaluations.
USE AND ADOLESCENTS ’ DEPRESSED MOOD 3 Browsing , Posting , and Liking on Instagram : The Reciprocal Relationships between Different Types of Instagram Use and Adolescents

Although studies have shown that Instagram use and young adults’ mental health are crosssectionally associated, longitudinal evidence is lacking. In addition, no study thus far examined this association, nor the reverse, among adolescents. To address these gaps, we set up a longitudinal panel study among 12to 19-year-old Flemish adolescents to investigate the reciprocal relationships between different types of Instagram use and depressed mood. Selfreport data from 671 adolescent Instagram users (61% girls; MAge = 14.96; SD = 1.29) were used to examine our research question and test our hypotheses. Structural equation modeling showed that Instagram browsing at Time 1 was related to increases in adolescents’ depressed mood at Time 2. In addition, adolescents’ depressed mood at Time 1 was related to increases in Instagram posting at Time 2. These relationships were similar among boys and girls. Potential explanations for the study findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Theory and Evidence of Horizontal Mergers

One most commonly quoted reason for mergers is for firms to maintain their competitiveness in the product market. By incorporating the product market competition into the standard neoclassical theory of mergers, this paper is able to explain why value-maximizing firms conduct mergers that in effect undermine shareholder value. In a Cournot setting, this paper demonstrates a prisoners’ dilemma for merging firms in a merger wave. Empirically, this paper identifies a negative relation between the performance of horizontal mergers and the clusteredness of horizontal M&A activities, which is consistent with the theory. Several existing theories deliver predictions that are consistent with this empirical relation. In order to distinguish this paper’s theory from the alternative explanations, I document further empirical evidence that this relation is independent of the method of payment, increasing in net sales of insider shares, and increasing in acquirer’s managerial ownership. Finally, I find that this relation is weaker for concentrated or durable-goods industries, which is consistent with the product market competition explanation of this paper. *The Wharton School of University of Pennsylvania, Email: jyan@wharton.upenn. edu. I thank Philip Bond, Gary Gorton, Wei Jiang, David Musto, Jozsef Molnar, Vinay Nair, Michael Roberts, Pavel Savor, Rob Stambaugh, Jeff Tate, Ding Wu, Julie Wulf, Jianfeng Yu, Paul Zurek, and seminar participants at Wharton for helpful discussions. I am especially grateful to my committee members, Franklin Allen, Chris Géczy, Itay Goldstein, João Gomes, and Andrew Metrick, for their comments, guidance, and encouragement. All errors are my own.