Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Voting or Buying: Inconsistency in Preferences toward Food Safety in Restaurants

Consumers sometimes prefer stricter food regulations as voters than as consumers. A prime example is that battery-cage eggs were the most sold types of eggs in California in 2008 when 63% of voters supported the animal welfare proposition forbidding battery-cage eggs starting from from 2015. In this paper, we investigate whether a similar consumer-citizen duality might exist in willingness to pay for food safety standards in restaurants. Using a split sample willingness to pay survey we find that consumers have a higher willingness to pay for improved restaurant food safety standards when voting than when acting as consumers. The results are discussed in the light of the literature on trust, social choice and public choice theory.
Historical reconstruction of ocean acidification in the Australian region

Abstract. The ocean has become more acidic over the last 200 years in response increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Documenting how the ocean has changed is critical for assessing how these changes impact marine ecosystems and for the management of marine resources. Here we use present-day ocean carbon observations, from shelf and offshore waters around Australia, combined with neural network mapping of CO2, sea surface temperature, and salinity to estimate the current seasonal and regional distributions of carbonate chemistry (pH and aragonite saturation state). The observed changes in atmospheric CO2 and sea surface temperature (SST) and climatological salinity are then used to reconstruct pH and aragonite saturation state changes over the last 140 years (1870–2013). The comparison with data collected at Integrated Marine Observing System National Reference Station sites located on the shelf around Australia shows that both the mean state and seasonality in the present day are well represented, with the exception of sites such as the Great Barrier Reef. Our reconstruction predicts that since 1870 decrease in aragonite saturation state of 0.48 and of 0.09 in pH has occurred in response to increasing oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2. Large seasonal variability in pH and aragonite saturation state occur in southwestern Australia driven by ocean dynamics (mixing) and in the Tasman Sea by seasonal warming (in the case of the aragonite saturation state). The seasonal and historical changes in aragonite saturation state and pH have different spatial patterns and suggest that the biological responses to ocean acidification are likely to be non-uniform depending on the relative sensitivity of organisms to shifts in pH and saturation state. This new historical reconstruction provides an important link to biological observations that will help to elucidate the consequences of ocean acidification.
The Mesozoic Along‐Strike Tectonometamorphic Segmentation of Longmen Shan (Eastern Tibetan Plateau)

The Longmen Shan belt (eastern border of the Tibetan plateau) constitutes a tectonically active region as demonstrated by the occurrence of the unexpected 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan and 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquakes in the central and southern parts of the belt, respectively. These events revealed the necessity of a better understanding of the long‐term geological evolution of the belt and its effect on the present dynamics and crustal structure. New structural and thermobarometric data offer a comprehensive data set of the paleotemperatures across the belt and P‐T estimates for low‐grade metamorphic domains. In the central Longmen Shan, two metamorphic jumps of 150–200 °C, 5–6 kbar and ~50 °C, 3–5 kbar acquired during the Early Mesozoic are observed across the Wenchuan and Beichuan faults, respectively, attesting to their thrusting movement and unrevealing a major decollement between the allochtonous Songpan‐Garze metasedimentary cover (at T > 500 °C) and the autochtonous units and the basement (T < 400 °C). In the southern Longmen Shan, the only greenschist facies metamorphism is observed both in the basement (360 ± 30 °C, 6 ± 2 kbar) and in the metasedimentary cover (350 ± 30 °C, 3 ± 1 kbar). Peak conditions were reached at ca. 80–60 Ma in the basement and ca. 55–33 Ma in the cover, ca. 50 Ma after the greenschist facies metamorphic overprint observed in the central Longmen Shan (ca. 150–120 Ma). This along‐strike metamorphic segmentation coincides well with the present fault segmentation and reveals that the central and southern Longmen Shan experienced different tectonometamorphic histories since the Mesozoic.
Global Warming and Livestock in Dry Areas: Expected Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation

In most developing countries livestock is the key asset for rural people providing multiple economic, social and risk management functions. Rangelands contribute to the livelihoods of over 800 million people including poor smallholders. The arid area of the globe is home for extensive livestock production mainly based on small ruminants (Ben Salem & Smith, 2008). The most important sheared characteristic of such zones, despite the high variety of biotopes, is aridity with a very erratic pattern of rainfall and extended periods of high temperatures. These two factors together with a higher frequency of extreme climatic events will be amplified under the perspective of global warming thus affecting negatively food availability through the seasons of the year. The impacts that climate change will bring about are expected to exacerbate the vulnerability of livestock systems and to reinforce existing factors that are simultaneously affecting livestock production systems such as rapid population and economic growth, increased demand for food and products, and increased conflicts over scarce resources (e.g. land tenure, water, and feed). There is an urgent need for detailed assessment of climate change impacts in each production system and for identifying appropriate options that can help livestock keepers adapt to climate change. This chapter summarizes current knowledge on global warming, discusses its impacts on the different components of the production systems and reports technical options to overcome negative effects of climate change on the livestock productivity and health and sustainability of livestock-based production systems. The approach recommended to transfer and adopt these options is also discussed.
An inverse relation between expressiveness and grammatical integration: On the morphosyntactic typology of ideophones, with special reference to Japanese 1

Words and phrases may differ in the extent to which they are susceptible to prosodic foregrounding and expressive morphology: their expressiveness. They may also differ in the degree to which they are integrated in the morphosyntactic structure of the utterance: their grammatical integration. We describe an inverse relation that holds across widely varied languages, such that more expressiveness goes together with less grammatical integration, and vice versa. We review typological evidence for this inverse relation in ten spoken languages, then quantify and explain it using Japanese corpus data. We do this by tracking ideophones – vivid sensory words also known as mimetics or expressives – across different morphosyntactic contexts and measuring their expressiveness in terms of intonation, phonation and expressive morphology. We find that as expressiveness increases, grammatical integration decreases. Using gesture as a measure independent of the speech signal, we find that the most expressive ideophones are most likely to come together with iconic gestures. We argue that the ultimate cause is the encounter of two distinct and partly incommensurable modes of representation: the gradient, iconic, depictive system represented by ideophones and iconic gestures, and the discrete, arbitrary, descriptive system represented by ordinary words. The study shows how people combine modes of representation in speech and demonstrates the value of integrating description and depiction into the scientific vision of language.
Effects of water of reduced salinity on the vertical migration of zooplankton

SUMMARY Effects of water of reduced salinity on the vertical migration of the zooplankton of Southampton Water were investigated in the laboratory using the adults of six copepod species (Acartia tonsa, A. bifilosa, A. discaudata, A. clausi, Centropages hamatus, Temora longicornis) and the larvae of one decapod species (Porcellana longicornis). Additional observations were made on Centropages typicus adults taken off Plymouth. Salinity discontinuity layers had a marked effect on the vertical migration of zooplankton. A single discontinuity layer formed by placing less dense diluted sea water over full strength sea water acted as a barrier to animals attempting to swim toward the surface of an experimental water column and no individuals were able to enter the zone of reduced salinity when an extreme dilution was used. Comparison of the behaviour of various species and of different sexes or developmental stages of a particular species suggests that vertical distribution was partly dependent on the salinity tolerances of individuals. Upward migration was also restricted by a vertical series of discontinuity layers. The swimming activity of copepods was depressed in homogeneous water columns of reduced salinity. Activity depended both on the degree of dilution and on the period of immersion. There were indications that behaviour varied according to the salinity tolerances of the different species.
A Study on Factors Related to Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in Ngaoundere (Adamawa Region, Cameroon)

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remain a major call for concern owing to their increasing incidence, gravity and associated complications. In Cameroon, the epidemiological reality of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remains unknown in the majority of regions. Objective: This study aimed to identify the determinants of hypertensive disorders among pregnant women in a hospital milieu in Ngaoundere town. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital, the reference hospital facility of the Adamawa Region of Cameroon from May to June 2014. Results: In total, 160 pregnant women were examined during the period of study, among which 75 recorded a high blood pressure thus fulfilling our inclusion criteria. Age (P=0.013), previous twin pregnancy (P=0.013) and preeclampsia (P=0.013) were found to be significantly predictive of chronic hypertension. Religion (P=0.004) and multiparity (P=0.001) were identified as significant independent predictive risk factors of preeclampsia, History of preeclampsia (P=0.025) was identified as predictive risk factor for superimposed preeclampsia. Conclusion: Independent predisposing factors associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in our milieu, which include advanced age, the notion of preeclampsia and history of twin pregnancy for chronic hypertension, parity and religion for preeclampsia, and history of preeclampsia for superimposed preeclampsia.
Paleodiversity of the Superfamily Ursoidea (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Spanish Neogene, related to environmental changes

In the present study we analyse the diversity of the Superfamily Ursoidea during the Neogene of the Iberian Peninsula to further compare it with that of the Neogene of Western Europe to find the different associations of this group. The results indicate that both the diversity and the taxonomy amongst these two regions show important variations, thus letting their interpretation in terms of climatic differentiation. We might relate variations in the abundance of the Ursoidea to the environmental fluctuations taking place during the Miocene and Pliocene. Therefore, they could enable us to reach the assessment of these biogeographical distributions in order to deduce the preferential niches of each different group of Ursoidea.
Study of Mean Time to Lose Lock and Lock Detector Threshold in GPS Carrier Tracking Loops

Narrow-Band power detector was applied to indicate the lock status in tracking loops of GPS re- ceiver. Previous researches did not discover the statistical characteristics and mean time to lose lock of detector, thus the threshold selection did not have theoretical support. In this paper, the probability distribution of detector is derived theoretically by stochastic method, and the rela- tionship between the lock probability and carrier to noise (C/N0) of the signal is discovered. Furthermore, the pa- per analyzes the Mean time to lose lock (MTLL) related to threshold setting and C/N0 of signal, providing a theo- retical basis for threshold setting method of GPS tracking loops. At last, the simulations and real data test have been made to prove the results.
Investigating the Effects of Group Investigation (GI) and Cooperative Integrated Reading and Comprehension (CIRC) as the Cooperative Learning Techniques on Learner's Reading Comprehension

Cooperative learning consists of some techniques for helping students work together more effectively. This study investigated the effects of Group Investigation (GI) and Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) as cooperative learning techniques on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension at an intermediate level. The participants of the study were 207 male students who studied at an intermediate level at ILI. The participants were randomly assigned into three equal groups: one control group and two experimental groups. The control group was instructed via conventional technique following an individualistic instructional approach. One experimental group received GI technique. The other experimental group received CIRC technique. The findings showed that there was a meaningful difference between the mean of the reading comprehension score of GI experimental group and CRIC experimental group. CRIC technique is more effective than GI technique in enhancing the reading comprehension test scores of students.
Study on economic aspects of medical dental office

In Romania, dental medicine is practiced in private practices which are classified into two types: individual dental offices or associated dental offices and dental offices organized as Limited Liability Companies. If in Romania in 1989 there were approximately 4,500 dentists, now there are 16,000, so competition is extremely strong. To this, add the global financial crisis with strong reverberations in a developing country. Currently, 70% of practices are organized as individual dental offices, while only 30% are formed as limited liability companies. We conducted a statistically representative study for Romania on a sample of 273 dentists who received a questionnaire with 18 questions. The results are presented below. 42% of respondents have a turnover of between 60,000 and 120,000 Euro/year and only 27% have more than 120,000 Euro/year. 57% work at a single dental unit and 30% at two dental units. 46% of doctors want to work alone, 37% work with two to four doctors and only 10% work in clinics with up to ten doctors. A negative aspect is that 18% of doctors work alone without a dental assistant. A majority of 63% of doctors perform restorations as foreground procedures, while 46% work with prostheses and 37% perform endodontic treatments. It is regrettable that only 20% of physicians practice primary preventive procedures and in high proportions (27%), emergency treatment. As measures of profitability (or to increase profitability), 55% want to increase their marketing actions, 38% of respondents want to increase fares, and 32% will perform other complex procedures but with higher charges. In conclusion, our study shows that young doctors have better financial results than those with greater experience, knowledge and application due to better management. Dentists in Romania work individually because of the way of thinking prior to the introduction of market economy. Dentists neither know nor apply modern management in their offices, which makes them very vulnerable to the second wave of economic crisis.
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY PATTERN AND METHYLENTETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE C677T POLYMORPHISM ON THE PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE LEVEL AMONG HEALTHY VEGETARIANS AND OMNIVORES

General practice, Zametskog korena 36, Rijeka, Croatia University Hospital Center Rijeka, Department of Food Service and Dietetics, Krešimirova 42, Rijeka, Croatia General practice, Srdoči 54, Rijeka, Croatia University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Braće Branchetta 20, Rijeka, Croatia Universtity of Rijeka, Faculty of Teacher Education, Sveučilišna avenija 6, Rijeka, Croatia University Hospital Center Rijeka, Department of Internal Medicine, Krešimirova 42, Rijeka, Croatia
ASSESSMENT OF FELDSPAR SOLUBILITY CONSTANTS IN WATER IN THE RANGE 0 ° TO 350 ° C AT VAPOR SATURATION PRESSURES

The equilibrium constants for endmember feldspar hydrolysis for the following reactions NaAlSi3O8 8H2O Na Al(OH)4 3H4SiO4 0 KAlSi3O8 8H2O K Al(OH)4 3H4SiO4 0 CaAl2Si2O8 8H2O Ca 2 2Al(OH)4 2H4SiO4 0 are accurately described by log Klow-albite 96.267 305,542/T2 3985.50/T 28.588 · 10 6 · T2 35.790 · log T log Khigh-albite 97.275 306,065/T2 3313.51/T 28.622 · 10 6 · T2 35.851 · log T log Kmicrocline 78.594 311,970/T2 6068.38/T 27.776 · 10 6 · T2 30.308 · log T log Ksanidine 77.837 316,431/T2 5719.10/T 27.712 · 10 6 · T2 29.738 · log T log Kanorthite 88.591 326,546/T2 2720.61/T 40.100 · 10 6 · T2 31.168 · log T where T is in K. They are valid in the range 0° to 350°C, at 1 bar below 100°C and at vapor saturation pressures (Psat) at higher temperatures. The equations for low-albite and microcline are valid for Amelia albite and for microcline with the same degree of Al-Si order (Z 0.95), respectively. The same kind of log Ktemperature equations have also been retrieved for alkali-feldspar and plagioclase solid solutions (tables 4 and 6). The calculated feldspar equilibrium constants of this study indicate much higher solubility under weathering conditions than generally accepted to date, the difference being more than one and a half orders of magnitude at 0°C for both highand low-albite, but somewhat less for microcline, sanidine, and anorthite. This higher solubility is largely a consequence of new data for the thermodynamic properties of H4SiO4 . The present results have a particularly important bearing on the stability of feldspars under weathering conditions and the study of interaction between water and rock/soil in this environment. They are, however, also important for the study of equilibrium/dis-equilibrium conditions in active geothermal systems.
The tree behind the forest : ecological and economic importance of traditional agroforestry systems and multiple uses of trees in India

Traditionally, agroforestry is extensively practiced in India, in the form of the shifting agriculture, a variety of cereal cropping systems, home garden systems, traditional plantation systems, etc. In recent times, many of these agroforestry systems have started breaking down for a variety of reasons. In many situations, high diversity based agroforestry systems have been replaced by low diversity simplified cash crop systems, and this is questionable in terms of sustainability. The paper argues for traditional ecological knowledge based approaches linked with provision for multiple value non-wood products. It is concluded that gaps in the knowledge of multi-purpose trees (MPTs) and systems functioning needs to be better understood for sustainable agroforestry. (Resume d'auteur)
The Effect of Surface Modifiers on the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Waste Silicon Carbide Filled High-Density Polyethylene

—Waste silicon carbide (waste SiC) filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with and without surface modifiers were studied. Two types of surface modifiers namely; high-density polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (HDPE-g-MA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane have been used in this study. The composites were produced using a two roll mill, extruder and shaped in a hydraulic compression molding machine. The mechanical properties of polymer composites such as flexural strength and modulus, impact strength, tensile strength, stiffness and hardness were investigated over a range of compositions. It was found that, flexural strength and modulus, tensile modulus and hardness increased, whereas impact strength and tensile strength decreased with the increasing in filler contents, compared to the neat HDPE. At similar filler content, the effect of both surface modifiers increased flexural modulus, impact strength, tensile strength and stiffness but reduced the flexural strength. Morphological investigation using SEM revealed that the improvement in mechanical properties was due to enhancement of the interfacial adhesion between waste SiC and HDPE.
Purification and biochemical characteristics of a new strictly specific endoxylanase from termite Macrotermes subhyalinus workers

Termite Macrotermes subhyalinus (Rambur) (Isoptera Termitidae Macrotermitinae) worker produced a new strictly specific xylanase. The enzyme was purified by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Sephacryl S-200 HR, CM-Sepharose CL-6B and PhenylSepharose CL-4B chromatographies. It exhibited a molecular mass of 60.1-61.2 kDa. This enzyme was indicated to be an endoxylanase, which produced monomers and oligomers of xylose from xylan. It had an optimum pH of 5.0-5.6 and optimum temperature of 60 °C. However, it had pH stability between 4.6 and 5.6. The enzyme was stable at 37 and 50 °C for more than 6 h. At pH ranging from 5.0-5.6 and 60 °C, the enzyme retained fully activity for 30 min and possessed a half life of 2 h. The xylanase activity was stimulated by Na + , Mn 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and dithiol- reducing agents, and was sensitive to Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , and detergent agents. It enzymatic activity was slightly loss in presence of urea at 1 % (w/v) concentration. The enzyme could also be used in the presence of organic solvents such as acetone and dioxane (up to 10 %, v/v) without loss of activity.
Compressible Dusty-Gas Boundary-Layer Flow Over a Flat Surface

Equations governing compressible boundary-layer laminar flow of a two-phase particulate suspension are developed based on a continuum representation of both phases. These equations include such effects as particle-phase viscous stresses, variable position-dependent particle slip coefficient, and general power-law viscosity-temperature and thermal conductivity-temperature relations. The dimensionless form of the equations are applied to the problem of flow over a semi-infinite flat surface. An appropriate transformation is employed to allow proper comparison with previously published results for special cases of this problem. The full coupled system of equations is solved numerically via an implicit finite-difference method. Graphical results for the density, and temperature profiles as well as the displacement thicknesses, skin-friction coefficients, and the wall heat transfer coefficient for both the fluid and particle phases are presented and discussed in detail. In addition, a parametric study is performed to illustrate the influence of the particle to fluid viscosity ratio and the viscosity-temperature power exponent on the flow properties.
In the Green Fields of Kilburn: Reflections on a Quantitative Study of Irish Migrants in North London

This paper considers some of the emotional encounters experienced by the researcher while carrying out a study of Irish migrants in London. Although quantitative research takes little cognisance of the emotional impact of research, this paper suggests some of the ways in which a standardised, closed-ended questionnaire may provoke emotional responses in both the researcher and the researched. The emotional landscape of the research is intimately connected with the physical landscape in which the research is being carried out. Researching Irish migrants in areas such as Kilburn requires a consideration of the complex and dynamic spaces in which an Irish translocal community has been materially constructed and symbolically invented. Kilburn is not simply a backdrop to the research; it forms part of the emotional terrain which has to be negotiated in doing this research.