Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of microphysical characteristics of rain on frequency scaling in microwave band

Frequency scaling concerns the variation of propagation effects with respect to frequency. The objective is to find the relationship between attenuation at a given frequency from the attenuation measured at another frequency, generally lower. Two different kinds of frequency scaling model, corresponding to different interests, can be considered: Long term frequency scaling, describes the relationship between attenuation for the same probability level. It allows studying the design of system operating at high frequency bands (Ka or V band) from the performances of existing systems operating at lower frequency band (Ku-band). Short term frequency scaling or instantaneous frequency scaling (IFS), describes the relationship between simultaneous attenuation at different frequencies. It allows performing uplink power control, where the attenuation on the uplink is estimated from the attenuation measured on the downlink. The different contributions: rains, gas, clouds, which contribute to the total attenuation, depend on frequency in different ways, that's why this technique is most satisfactory when one cause predominates. The present study focus on IFS of rain, the aim is to deduce the attenuation due to rain for one frequency (higher than 40 GHz) from the measurements at another lowers frequencies (Ka Band).
Foreign Language Learners' Use and Perception of Online Dictionaries: A Survey Study

The importance of dictionaries in language learning is indisputable. The emergence of online dictionaries has noticeably influenced the way students learn a foreign language (FL). This study examines FL learners' use and perception of bilingual online dictionaries through an analysis of over 250 responses to a web-based survey from learners enrolled in postsecondary language courses in the United States. The most popular online dictionaries among eight languages are presented along with selfreported data regarding look-up behaviors while reading, writing, listening, and speaking the target language. The results suggest that online dictionaries are most often consulted when learners are creating and/or deciphering digitally mediated written texts. Although most FL learners consider online dictionaries to be an essential part of their language learning, they report that not all are reliable. They also report the disparity of quality in online dictionaries across languages. As a result, learners often use multiple online dictionaries and other digital resources for multiple purposes. Based on the findings, pedagogical suggestions are provided to help educators guide FL learners' use of online dictionaries and other digital resources such as online translators.
Speech coding using trellis-searched APC

The design of a speech coding system that uses trellis-coded vector quantization (TCVQ) and adaptive predictive coding (APC) is formulated. A method for optimizing the TCVQ codebooks is presented. Simulation results are given for encoding rates of 16 and 9.6 kb/s for a variety of coder parameters. At an encoding rate of 16 kb/s, informal listening tests found very little difference between the original sentences and the reconstructions. The 9.6 kb/s reconstructions were found to be natural sounding and of good quality. <<ETX>>
Mind the Gap

How the woven When the World Wide Web began to get serious six or more years web fired dreams ago the prophets saw multimedia journalism with some clarity. Rapid growth was predicted for storytelling in several media packaged in one parcel. Multimedia or tri:media were expected to herald new ways to experience news, as media forms became complementary and interwoven on the personal computer: journalists and imagination could join forces in multimedia, inventing, adapting and channelling energies
Low-error reduced-width Booth multipliers for DSP applications

A low-error reduced-width Booth multiplier using a proper compensation vector is proposed. The compensation vector is dependent on the input data. The compensation value will thus be adaptively adjusted when the input data are different. Design results from a 16/spl times/16 to 16 Booth multiplier show that the gate counts and critical path delay of the new reduced-width multipliers is 50.94% and 66.04% of the post-truncation reduced-width multiplier. A module generator of our proposed architecture is developed that will generate C code and Verilog code for each reduced-width multiplier. Pulse-shaping filter-system applications used in CATV transceivers show promising performance with 50.04% hardware reduction and 33.82% reduction in the critical path delay.
Exploration of plasma membrane domains and pectin targeting in Arabidopsis thaliana mucilage secretory cells

The primary cell wall of dicotyledonous plants consists largely of cellulose and hemicelluloses embedded in a gel of pectins. Pectins are a heterogeneous group of polysaccharides that are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and transported to the cell surface via secretory vesicles. Antibody studies have shown that there is a non-uniform and dynamic occurrence of different pectins across cell and tissue types, demonstrating the complexity of cell wall structure. How pectins are targeted to distinct cell wall domains, however, is unclear. To investigate the establishment of plasma membrane domains involved in pectin targeting, Arabidopsis thaliana mucilage secretory cells (MSCs) were used as a model. MSCs synthesize large quantities of pectins that exhibit polarized targeting to a distinct ring-shaped domain for secretion to the apoplast. Review of the literature and microarray data suggested the ROP1 small GTPase as a likely candidate in establishing plasma membrane domains in MSCs. ROP1 and five other genes were chosen as candidates for further investigation. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out with T-DNA mutants and fluorophore-fusion lines for these candidate genes. Phenotypic analysis revealed a moderate decrease in adherent mucilage in a kinesin-13a mutant, and a drastic decrease in a sec8 mutant. During pectin secretion, confocal imaging revealed that ECFP:ROP1 appears to localize to nonsecretory domains at the plasma membrane. GFP:KINESIN-13A and GFP:SEC8 appear to localize to secretory domains. This study identifies the potential molecular pathways involved in establishing plasma membrane domains and pectin targeting in MSCs. %%%%La paroi primaire des dicotyledones est composee de la cellulose et de la hemicellulose encastre dans la pectine. Les pectines sont des polyosides synthetisees dans le corps Golgi qui sont apres transportes a la surface de la paroi par des vesicules secretoires. C'etait demontre avec des anticorps que les pectines ne sont pas distribuees uniformement dans la paroi et qu'il existe des differences de distribution entre les parois de tissus dans les plantes. Ceci demontre la complexite de la structure de la paroi. Le mecanisme qui dirige les pectines vers des endroits specifiques dans la paroi n'est pas encore tres bien connu. Un modele qui peut etre utilise pour etudier le mecanisme comprend les cellules secretoires de mucilage (CSM) de la plante Arabidopsis thaliana. Les CSMs synthetisent de grosses quantites de pectine et aussi demontrent le transport polarise de pectine. Dans les CSMs, la pectine accumule dans des formes d'anneaux avant d'etre secrete dans l'apoplast. Une revue litteraire et des donnes de microreseau suggerent que ROP1, un GTPase, est un candidat possible pour l'etablissement des domaines de membranes dans les CSMs. ROP1 et cinq autres genes etaient choisit pour examiner leur role par rapport a l'etablissement des domaines de membranes dans les CSMs. Des mutants comprenant des lignes de T-DNA et aussi des lignes de fusion-fluorescente a ete utilise…
eTEACfl- A PROVEN LEARNING TECHNOLOGY FOR EDUCATION REFORM

An eTEACH presentation combines a video frame (Microsoft MediaPlayer) with a slide frame (Microsoft PowerPoint), an external web links frame, a dynamic table of contents that titles the major portions of the lecture and allows jumping to any portion, buttons that allow the lecture to be advanced or rewound 10 or 30 seconds, and fast forward and reverse buttons; all in an Internet Explorer window. The PowerPoint slides and web links automatically synchronize with the current position in the lecture video. eTEACH supports PowerPoint animation features for viewing in the browser. eTEACH supports accessibility features such as closed captioning and web page readers. eTEACH has been used extensively in reforming a large enrollment computer sciences course.
Relative Effectiveness of Corrective and Noncorrective Feedback in Computer Assisted Instruction on Learning and Achievement

The purpose of this study was to research the impact of certain types of computer feedback on the subjects. Forty-one subjects were divided into two treatment groups. The corrective and noncorrective feedback types, both characteristic of commercially produced software, were isolated and systematized. Each subject was pre- and posttested on the content of the computer lesson. Test scores were analyzed by ANOVA. The results indicated no overall significance. When groups were redefined by gender, the girls who received the noncorrective feedback scored significantly lower (p < .01) than the boys of either group. For these girls, noncorrective feedback may have reinforced the well documented sex bias that exists in all phases of education.
Needs-adapted Data Presentation in e-Information Tools

In the current debate about the status of lexicography there are at least three quite different opinions: (i) Lexicography does not have or need any kind of own theory but can use all relevant lin- guistic theories. (ii) Lexicography needs a special theory for the lexicographical praxis, but this discipline is still a part of linguistics. (iii) Lexicography is a genuine part of information science and can use theories and learn from practice in the information society, but it also needs special theories for lexicography. It is the third opinion we will maintain in this paper by discussing the information needs in the information society and partly using the function theory of lexicography.
Literacy and power

Foreword, Sonia Nieto Preface Acknowledgments 1. Turning to Literacy 2. Orientations to Literacy 3. Language and Power 4. Reading Texts Critically 5. Diversity, Difference and Disparity 6. Access, Gate-Keeping and Desire 7. Critical Text Production: Writing and Design 8. Redesign, Social Action and Possibilities for Transformation 9. The Future of Critical Literacy References Index
Performance evaluation of fixed-beam beamforming in WCDMA downlink

This paper studies downlink beamforming applied to the WCDMA system. The downlink performance of single-antenna transmission in a base station (BS) sector with 120/spl deg/ (reference case) is compared to the beamforming with a fixed-beam antenna array having two beams. The paper consists of link level simulations and the analysis of the simulation results. The performance is studied by using the so-called G-modelling principles, where G denotes geometry. Simulation results indicate that the fixed-beam approach could offer feasible coverage and capacity extension especially in macro cell environments. The downlink performance of a beamforming WCDMA BS deteriorates significantly in environments with large angular spread.
Binary congestion notification in TCP

We propose to enhance the TCP's congestion control mechanisms using binary congestion notification (BCN). With this scheme congestion is not simply indicated by packet losses as is currently the case. Instead, switches inform the sources about their congestion state by setting a congestion bit in the data packets. Unlike other studies, our approach maintains the basic elements of the TCP's congestion control mechanisms and at the same time tries to adapt the TCP's response to BCN based on the source behavior proposed for sources using ATM's available bit rate service (ABR). Through different simulation models we compare the throughput achieved with the TCP using BCN (BCN-TCP) and 4.3BSD Tahoe-TCP and Reno-TCP. The effects of running TCP over ABR are studied with the help of a simple simulation model. The benefits of using BCN-TCP in avoiding multiple packet losses are demonstrated and explained.
Interference cancellation using antenna diversity for EDGE-enhanced data rates in GSM and TDMA/136

EDGE (enhanced data rates for global evolution) is one of the future wireless communication systems, offering high bit rates and packet data services. For data services an increased link quality will directly translate into improved throughput. A well-known technique that improves link performance is antenna diversity. Antenna diversity also enables interference-cancellation methods, which are evaluated in this paper. The conclusion is that introducing interference rejection in a GSM/EDGE classic scenario could increase average user bit rate by 26%. In a TDMA/EDGE compact scenario the average bit rate increase could be as high as 46% due to the time synchronized structure.
The In-between Machine - The Unique Value Proposition of a Robot or Why we are Modelling the Wrong Things

We avow that we as researchers of artificial intelligence may have properly modelled psychological theories but that we overshot our goal when it came to easing loneliness of elderly people by means of social robots. Following the event of a documentary film shot about our flagship machine Hansonâs Robokind âAliceâ together with supplementary observations and research results, we changed our position on what to model for usefulness and what to leave to basic science. We formulated a number of effects that a social robot may provoke in lonely people and point at those imperfections in machine performance that seem to be tolerable. We moreover make the point that care offered by humans is not necessarily the most preferred â even when or sometimes exactly because emotional concerns are at stake.
Student Partners in Instruction: Third Level Student Participation in Advanced Business Courses

Abstract In this article, the authors describe a unique approach to gaining high student involvement in advanced and MBA level business courses. Most participation occurs at the discussion and activity levels, with the instructor as the “director” who plans, implements, monitors, and evaluates activities. In a student-partner approach, students are brought into the planning process and asked to participate in the design and implementation of course components. Their participation draws on their experience and expertise as “learners” in the education process. This article provides a framework for implementing such an approach and includes a model case experience.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION

A great deal of discussion is proceeding with regard to the distribution and use of scientific and technical information, and theories and proposals on the subject fill the air, but the facts on which these discussions are based appear to be few, or even non‐existent. This paper is the report of an effort to discover, by means of a questionnaire addressed to the readers of publications borrowed from the Science Museum Library, some information on such questions as how references to publications are obtained, what the expected information is required for, and whether, in fact, the publications contain the desired information. No earlier survey of this type has been traced.
"IREP EN KEMET" WINE OF ANCIENT EGYPT: DOCUMENTING THE VITICULTURE AND WINEMAKING SCENES IN THE EGYPTIAN TOMBS

Presented are the research objectives of the project "Irep en Kemet", Wine of Ancient Egypt , and the content of the project's website. This research aims at documenting the complete corpus of wine in ancient Egypt and analysing the data (iconography, textual sources and artefacts) to unveil the importance of the ancient Egyptian wine culture legacy in the Mediterranean region. At this stage, a bibliographical researchable database relevant to wine, viticulture and winemaking in the ancient Egypt has been completed, with 197 entries including articles, books, chapters in book, academic thesis (PhD and MA), essay, abstracts, on-line articles and websites. Moreover, a scene-detail database for the viticulture and winemaking scenes in the Egyptian private tombs has been recorded with 97 entries, some of them unpublished, and the collected data is under study. The titles of the tombs' owners and the texts related to the scenes will be also recorded. A photographic survey of the graves containing images related with viticulture and winemaking will be carried out in order to have the most accurate information on the location and stage of conservation of those images. Our main goal is to provide scholars with a complete, comprehensive archaeological and bibliographical database for the scenes of viticulture and winemaking depicted in the Egyptian private tombs throughout the ancient Egyptian history. The project's website ( http://www.wineofancientegypt.com ) will include all the collected data, the study and analysis, the project's history and team members, publications as well as the results of our research.
Academics’ use and attitude towards open access in selected higher learning institutions of Ethiopia

Libraries in higher learning institutions (HLIs) of Ethiopia have been providing electronic information (e-information) resources to users such as academics through different access models, including open access. Nonetheless, little is known about the academics’ attitudes toward open access journals. The study triangulated qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Data were obtained through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Out of 768 academics from seven selected universities in Ethiopia who were surveyed, 566 (78 percent) responded. The data were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively by means of content analysis and basic descriptive statistics respectively. The results of the study revealed that 78 percent of the academics were aware of open access journals. On the whole, they have a perceived positive attitude towards open access journals and would like to use them in the future. Moreover, they have been using open access journals as an alternative access model to the conventional journals subscription model; and yet to optimize the benefits of open access among academics, they expect university librarians to promote and enhance the accessibility of open access journals in their respective university libraries and in Ethiopia in general. Further studies using a similarly rigorous approach are required to determine the generality of this finding.
High-power conditioning for space applications

The development of power conditioning for space applications is considered. The basic topologies of power systems are described. They differ by the amplitude of tbe distributed voltage range and involve different types of power-conditioning equipment. The power cell topologies and their associated modes of control are detailed. The state of the art in both topologies and and equipment is reported, including applications drawn from the space station Columbus and low and geostationary orbit spacecrafts. >
Traffic congestion classification using motion vector statistical features

Due to the rapid increase in population, one of the major problems faced by the urban areas is traffic congestion. In this paper we propose a method for classifying highway traffic congestion using motion vector statistical properties. Motion vectors are estimated using pyramidal Kanada-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) tracker algorithm. Then motion vector features are extracted and are used to classify the traffic patterns into three categories: light, medium and heavy. Classification using neural network, on publicly available dataset, shows an accuracy of 95.28%, with robustness to environmental conditions such as variable luminance. Our system provides a more accurate solution to the problem as compared to the systems previously proposed.
Temporal Properties of Masked and Unmasked Tone Responses in the Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus and the Influence of Blocking Inhibition

The anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), located at the first level of the central auditory system, sends major ascending inputs to higher auditory levels, such as the superior olivary complex and the inferior colliculus. However, temporal properties of AVCN neurons that might be useful for complex-sound processing have not been fully explored. This study applied different temporal measures, which were related to different sound features, to neural recordings of the responses of AVCN neurons to tones in broadband noise. The detectability of a tone in noise based on each temporal property was compared to psychophysical detection performance. Possible underlying neural mechanisms to extract the temporal information were also explored. The results provided implications for detection mechanisms used by higher auditory levels and the significance of certain stimulus features for detection. This study also examined the effect of inhibitory inputs on AVCN responses to pure tones and complex sounds by iontophoretically injecting inhibitory receptor antagonists. Blocking inhibition was found to affect both average discharge rates and temporal properties, such as discharge regularity, first-spike latency, and synchronization to the envelope of the sound, for some AVCN neurons. The influence of inhibition differed across neuron types and within types. These findings provide useful information for identifying the functional role and the source of inhibitory inputs, and for future modeling of different types of AVCN neurons. Because possible inhibitory sources include descending inputs from higher auditory levels, results of this study illustrated possible feedback mechanisms at the level of the AVCN. Temporal Properties of Masked and Unmasked Tone Responses in the Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus and the Influence of Blocking Inhibition
The Art of Multiprocessor Programming, Revised Reprint

Revised and updated with improvements conceived in parallel programming courses, The Art of Multiprocessor Programming is an authoritative guide to multicore programming. It introduces a higher level set of software development skills than that needed for efficient single-core programming. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the new principles, algorithms, and tools necessary for effective multiprocessor programming. Students and professionals alike will benefit from thorough coverage of key multiprocessor programming issues. This revised edition incorporates much-demanded updates throughout the book, based on feedback and corrections reported from classrooms since 2008 Learn the fundamentals of programming multiple threads accessing shared memory Explore mainstream concurrent data structures and the key elements of their design, as well as synchronization techniques from simple locks to transactional memory systems Visit the companion site and download source code, example Java programs, and materials to support and enhance the learning experience Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Mutual Exclusion 3. Concurrent Objects and Linearization 4. Foundations of Shared Memory 5. The Relative Power of Synchronization Methods 6. The Universality of Consensus 7. Spin Locks and Contention 8. Monitors and Blocking Synchronization 9. Linked Lists: the Role of Locking 10. Concurrent Queues and the ABA Problem 11. Concurrent Stacks and Elimination 12. Counting, Sorting and Distributed Coordination 13. Concurrent Hashing and Natural Parallelism 14. Skiplists and Balanced Search 15. Priority Queues 16. Futures, Scheduling and Work Distribution 17. Barriers 18. Transactional Memory Appendices