Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TEMPERATURE‐INDUCED SHIFTS IN ASSOCIATIONS OF LONGEVITY WITH BODY SIZE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Abstract One of the hypotheses of growing interest in studies of responses to thermal environments suggests that trade‐offs and other trait associations may be altered by temperature. Here, the commonly observed positive association between body size and longevity was examined at two adult test temperatures, 14°C and 25°C, in cold‐stress‐selected lines (S) and their controls (C) in 25°C‐reared Drosophila melanogaster. Thorax length (TL) and developmental time (DT) were also scored in 25°C‐reared individuals before and after one generation of truncation selection on longevity. The topography of the selection surface that relates longevity to thorax and wing size was temperature dependent and differed both between lines and between sexes. Longevity increased monotonically with body size (TL) in C and S females at 25°C but, surprisingly, longevity decreased with body size in S individuals at 14°C. Body size did not diverge between S and C lines and showed no response to longevity selection. However, DT increased by 25°C‐longevity selection in C individuals and decreased by 14°C‐longevity selection in S individuals. These results suggest that trait associations (including the commonly observed trade‐off between body size and DT) can greatly depend on temperature, as a shift in the sign of the correlation is possible at low temperature. Genotype × temperature interaction is an important source of variation in the relationship between soma size and longevity.
Parallel and nonparallel genome‐wide divergence among replicate population pairs of freshwater and anadromous Atlantic salmon

Little is known about the genetic basis differentiating resident and anadromous forms found in many salmonid species. Using a medium‐density SNP array, we documented genomic diversity and divergence at 2336 genetically mapped loci among three pairs of North American anadromous and freshwater Atlantic salmon populations. Our results show that across the genome, freshwater populations have lower diversity and a smaller proportion of private polymorphism relative to anadromous populations. Moreover, differentiation was more pronounced among freshwater than among anadromous populations at multiple spatial scales, suggesting a large effect of genetic drift in these isolated freshwater populations. Using nonhierarchical and hierarchical genome scans, we identified hundreds of markers spread across the genome that are potentially under divergent selection between anadromous and freshwater populations, but few outlier loci were repeatedly found in all three freshwater–anadromous comparisons. Similarly, a sliding window analysis revealed numerous regions of high divergence that were nonparallel among the three comparisons. These last results show little evidence for the parallel evolution of alleles selected for in freshwater populations, but suggest nonparallel adaptive divergence at many loci of small effects distributed through the genome. Overall, this study emphasizes the important role of genetic drift in driving genome‐wide reduction in diversity and divergence in freshwater Atlantic salmon populations and suggests a complex multigenic basis of adaptation to resident and anadromous strategies with little parallelism.
Recipe 2 Image : Multimodal High-Resolution Text to Image Synthesis using Stacked Generative Adversarial Network

Recently the dataset recipe1M, containing 800K pairs of recipes and their corresponding images, was published as part of [16]. In addition, recent works [18, 21, 22, 14] have shown that Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN) [4, 10] are effective in synthesizing highresolution images from text descriptions. In these works the image generation is conditioned on a single and simple sentence that describes the visual content of the image. In this paper we tackle the novel task of generating highresolution 256 × 256 images of food conditioned on their recipes. As opposed to previous work, the relation between the recipe text to the visual content of the image is vague, and the textual structure of recipes is complex, consisting of two sections (ingredients and instructions) both containing multiple sentences. We used the recipe1M dataset to train and evaluate our model that is based on a the StackGAN-v2 architecture [21]. In addition, as a condition to our cGAN, we leveraged two types of recipe embeddings introduced in [16] the first is based on cosine-similarity only, and the second combines it with a high-level classification objective regularization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use an embedding method that is based on a high-level classification objective, to the purpose of generating images from text.
Treat-to-target versus dose-adapted statin treatment of cholesterol to reduce cardiovascular risk

Clinical guidelines should be based on the best available evidence and are of great importance for patient care and disease prevention. In this respect, the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association report is highly appreciated and well-recognized. The report included critical questions concerning hypercholesterolaemia, but its translation into a clinical guideline initiated intense debate worldwide because of the recommendation to switch from a treat-to-target approach for low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol to a statin dose-based strategy.
Racial and ethnic variation in unmarried young adults' motivation to avoid pregnancy.

CONTEXT Racial and ethnic differences in unintended fertility are well documented, but mechanisms underlying these differences are poorly understood. To identify the factors that may contribute to such disparities, differences in distal characteristics theoretically linked to unintended fertility-such as the motivation to avoid a pregnancy-need to be identified. METHODS Data on sexual and reproductive attitudes and behavior among a sample of 1,573 unmarried men and women aged 18-29 came from the 2009 National Survey of Reproductive and Contraceptive Knowledge. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine two measures of motivation: one cognitive (perceived importance of avoiding pregnancy) and one affective (predicted feelings about experiencing an unplanned pregnancy). RESULTS Seventy-seven percent of young adults reported that avoiding pregnancy is very important, and 34% would be very upset if they were to experience an unplanned pregnancy. In multivariate analyses, the cognitive measure of motivation was not associated with race and ethnicity. The affective measure, however, was: Foreign-born Hispanics would be less upset than whites, and blacks would be more upset than whites, if they were to experience an unplanned pregnancy (coefficients, -1.7 and 0.5, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Differences in motivation to avoid pregnancy-particularly in predicted emotional responses to an unplanned pregnancy-should be further investigated as a potential factor in Hispanics' relatively high rates of unintended births. Future research should also examine connections between motivation to avoid pregnancy and reproductive behavior.
Biobehavioral effects of therapeutic touch.

PURPOSE To document immediate and short-term biobehavioral effects of therapeutic touch (TT), estimate the magnitude of TT effects, and compare TT effects to placebo responses. DESIGN A repeated measures, pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. TT and mimic TT were administered using standardized protocols to 11 adults in a controlled setting. METHODS Four physiological (total pulse amplitude, blood pressure, pulse, temperature) and three subjective (stress, self-assessment of health, time perception) variables were evaluated over 24 hours. FINDINGS Total pulse amplitude and time perception decreased significantly immediately after TT intervention, indicating vasoconstriction and time passing "faster," with large and medium effect sizes significantly greater than were placebo responses. Vasodilation, a relaxation response, was expected instead of vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS TT may have adverse and positive outcomes.
Functional and evolutionary characterization of Ohr proteins in eukaryotes reveals many active homologs among pathogenic fungi

Ohr and OsmC proteins comprise two subfamilies within a large group of proteins that display Cys-based, thiol dependent peroxidase activity. These proteins were previously thought to be restricted to prokaryotes, but we show here, using iterated sequence searches, that Ohr/OsmC homologs are also present in 217 species of eukaryotes with a massive presence in Fungi (186 species). Many of these eukaryotic Ohr proteins possess an Nterminal extension that is predicted to target them to mitochondria. We obtained recombinant proteins for four eukaryotic members of the Ohr/OsmC family and three of them displayed lipoyl peroxidase activity. Further functional and biochemical characterization of the Ohr homologs from the ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis Mf_1 (MfOhr), the causative agent of Black Sigatoka disease in banana plants, was pursued. Similarly to what has been observed for the bacterial proteins, we found that: (i) the peroxidase activity of MfOhr was supported by DTT or dihydrolipoamide (dithiols), but not by β-mercaptoethanol or GSH (monothiols), even in large excess; (ii) MfOhr displayed preference for organic hydroperoxides (CuOOH and tBOOH) over hydrogen peroxide; (iii) MfOhr presented extraordinary reactivity towards linoleic acid hydroperoxides (k=3.18 (± 2.13)×10 M s). Both Cys and Cys were essential to the peroxidase activity, since single mutants for each Cys residue presented no activity and no formation of intramolecular disulfide bond upon treatment with hydroperoxides. The pKa value of the Cysp residue was determined as 5.7± 0.1 by a monobromobimane alkylation method. Therefore, eukaryotic Ohr peroxidases share several biochemical features with prokaryotic orthologues and are preferentially located in mitochondria.
Dexamethasone-induced ocular hypertension in perfusion-cultured human eyes.

PURPOSE Glucocorticoid administration can lead to the development of ocular hypertension and corticosteroid glaucoma in a subset of the population through a decrease in the aqueous humor outflow facility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether glucocorticoid treatment can directly affect the outflow facility of isolated, perfusion-cultured human eyes. METHODS The anterior segments of human donor eyes from regional eye banks were placed in a constant flow, variable pressure perfusion culture system. Paired eyes were perfused in serum-free media with or without 10(-7) M dexamethasone for 12 days. Intraocular pressure was monitored daily. After incubation, the eyes were morphologically characterized by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and scanning laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS A significant increase in intraocular pressure developed in 13 of the 44 pairs of eyes perfused with dexamethasone with an average pressure rise of 17.5 +/- 3.8 mm Hg after 12 days of dexamethasone exposure. The contralateral control eyes, which did not receive dexamethasone, maintained a stable intraocular pressure during the same period. The outflow pathway of the untreated eyes appeared morphologically normal. In contrast, the dexamethasone-treated hypertensive eyes had thickened trabecular beams, decreased intertrabecular spaces, thickened juxtacanalicular tissue, activated trabecular meshwork cells, and increased amounts of amorphogranular extracellular material, especially in the juxtacanalicular tissue and beneath the endothelial lining of the canal of Schlemm. The dexamethasone-treated nonresponder eyes appeared to be morphologically similar to the untreated eyes, although several subtle dexamethasone-induced morphologic changes were evident. CONCLUSION Dexamethasone treatment of isolated, perfusion-cultured human eyes led to the generation of ocular hypertension in approximately 30% of the dexamethasone-treated eyes. Steroid treatment resulted in morphologic changes in the trabecular meshwork similar to those reported for corticosteroid glaucoma and open angle glaucoma. This system may provide an acute model in which to study the pathogenic mechanisms involved in steroid glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Dolutegravir in Treatment-experienced HIV-1 Infected Adolescents: Forty-eight-week Results from IMPAACT P1093

Objective: To assess the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and efficacy of dolutegravir plus optimized background regimen in HIV-infected treatment-experienced adolescents. Methods: Children older than 12 to younger than 18 years received dolutegravir weight-based fixed doses at approximately 1.0 mg/kg once daily in a phase I/II multicenter open label 48-week study. Intensive PK evaluation was done at steady state after dolutegravir was added to a failing regimen or started at the end of a treatment interruption. Safety and HIV RNA and CD4 cell count assessments were performed through week 48. Results: Twenty-three adolescents were enrolled and 22 (96%) completed the 48-week study visit. Median age and weight were 15 years and 52 kg, respectively. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] baseline CD4+ cell count was 466 cells/&mgr;L (297, 771). Median (IQR) baseline HIV-1 RNA log10 was 4.3 log10 copies/mL (3.9, 4.6). Dolutegravir geometric mean of the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time of administration to 24 hours after dosing (AUC0–24) and 24 hour postdose concentration (C24) were 46.0 &mgr;g hours/mL and 0.90 &mgr;g/mL, respectively, which were within the study targets based on adult PK ranges. Virologic success with an HIV RNA <400 copies/mL was achieved in 74% [95% confidence interval (CI): 52–90%] at week 48. Additionally, 61% (95% CI: 39–80%) had an HIV RNA <50 copies/mL at week 48. Median (IQR) gain in CD4 cell count at week 48 was 84 cells/&mgr;L (−81, 238). Dolutegravir was well tolerated, with no grade 4 adverse events, serious adverse events or discontinuations because of serious adverse events. Conclusions: Dolutegravir achieved target PK exposures in adolescents. Dolutegravir was safe and well tolerated, providing good virologic efficacy through week 48.
Differential-passivity based controlled synchronization of networked robots with additive disturbances

In this research, we investigate the controlled synchronization for networked robotic systems with both structured uncertainty and unstructured additive disturbances. A new concept-differential-passivity is proposed to facilitate the synchronization design for the considered multiple robotic agents, which may also be hopeful to achieve modularity of the controller design for systems with both the structured and unstructured uncertainties. We propose an adaptive scheme to realize global input-output differential passivity of the robotic systems with unstructured additive disturbances. The established differential passivation framework allows us to design an adaptive controlled synchronization scheme for networked robotic systems interacting on strongly connected graphs, and in addition robustness with respect to non-uniform constant delays is attained. Using Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability analysis, we show the asymptotic convergence of the synchronization errors and the tracking errors. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed cooperative adaptive controller.
Use of eriochrome cyanine R in routine histology and histopathology: is it time to say goodbye to hematoxylin?

Abstract Eriochrome cyanine R (ECR) is a synthetic anionic dye that forms complexes with cations such as iron. We found that an iron-ECR (Fe-ECR) mixture provided either nuclear or myelin staining depending on the differentiator used. Selective nuclear staining was obtained by differentiation in an aqueous HCl solution, pH 0.95, followed by a wash in slightly alkaline tap water; the pH difference facilitated control of differentiation. When used with an eosin B counterstain, results were nearly indistinguishable from standard hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Nuclear staining with Fe-ECR provides tinctorial features similar to regressive aluminum-hemateins as well as resistance to acidic solutions such as those of iron hemateins. Fe-ECR also stained selectively intestinal cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES). In addition to its use as an H & E substitute, acid differentiated Fe-ECR produced acid-resistant and selective nuclear counterstaining in combination with Alcian blue, and in the Papanicolaou and van Gieson techniques. With alkali differentiation, Fe-ECR produced selective myelin staining, which was compatible with neutral red counterstaining. Myelin sheaths were stained aqua blue. Fe-ECR could be used for both cytological and histological samples, and was suitable for use in automated tissue stainers. ECR also is less expensive than hematoxylin. Hematoxylin still may be preferred as a nuclear counterstain for some immunostaining methods for which Fe-ECR mixtures probably are too acidic.
Levels of anxiety and depression among early childhood education and primary education teachers

Teaching nowadays has become a profession, which leads to illness. Taking this aspect into consideration, the aim of this article is to verify teachers’ levels of anxiety and depression and their possible association to the level of satisfaction at work and factual data such as age, educational level and religiousness. To do so, 150 professionals teachers, who taught Public Early Years Education and Primary Education levels in a school in the state of São Paulo, were given a questionnaire, based on the Beck Scales (depression and anxiety) on the factual data and work satisfaction and it could be seen that 50% of the subjects presented levels of anxiety and/or depression which were harmful to the educational act. Thus it was possible to conclude that it is necessary to promote educational policies that take teachers’ mental health into account.
Noisy tensor completion for tensors with a sparse canonical polyadic factor

“To be considered for the 2017 IEEE Jack Keil Wolf ISIT Student Paper Award. ” In this paper we study the problem of noisy tensor completion for tensors that admit a canonical polyadic or CANDE-COMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition with one of the factors being sparse. We present general theoretical error bounds for an estimate obtained by using a complexity-regularized maximum likelihood principle and then instantiate these bounds for the case of additive white Gaussian noise. We also provide an ADMM-type algorithm for solving the complexity-regularized maximum likelihood problem and validate the theoretical finding via experiments on synthetic data set.
Purification and biochemical characterization of a serine alkaline protease TC 4 from a new isolated Bacillus alcalophilus TCCC 11004 in detergent formulations

An extracellular alkaline protease producing strain was isolated from alkaline soil and identified as Bacillus alcalophilus TCCC11004 on the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequencing and biochemical properties. The most appropriate medium for the protease production was composed of (g/l): maltodextrin 110, yeast extract 17.5, cotton seed meal 29.3, K2HPO4 18, trisodium citrate 3.3 and CaCl2 2.6. The alkaline protease TC4 was purified from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and SP-Sepharose HP ion exchange chromatography, with a 6.8 fold increase in specific activity and 15.2% recovery. The molecular weight was estimated to be 26 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The protease was highly active from pH 9.0-12.0 with an optimal at pH 11.0. It was active at 30 60°C and exhibited maximal activity at 50°C. The thermostability of the protease was increased by the addition of CaCl2. It retained 70 and 81% of its initial activity after heating for 2 h at 50°C, in the absence or presence of 2 mM CaCl2, respectively. The enzyme was inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting that it is a serine protease. The protease was stable in 0.5% SDS and retained 70.3% of its initial activity after 1 h of incubation. It was active in the presence of 3% Triton X-100 with 100% activity and stable towards oxidizing agent with 69.2% activity in the presence of 1% H2O2. The enzyme showed excellent compatibility with commercial detergents such as TaiZi, BiLang, DiaoPai and TianQing, retaining more than 90% of its initial activity in the tested detergents after 1 h of preincubation at 40°C.
1 Epigenetic Factors in Late-Onset Alzheimer ’ s disease : 2 MTHFR and CTH Gene Polymorphisms , Metabolic 3 Trans-sulfuration and Methylation Pathways , and B 4 vitamins 5

DNA methylation and other epigenetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of late16 onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene 17 mutations occur in most elderly patients with memory loss. MTHFR is critical for production of S18 adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), the principal methyl donor. A common mutation (1364T/T) of the 19 cystathionine-γ-lyase (CTH) gene affects the enzyme that converts cystathionine to cysteine in the 20 trans-sulfuration pathway causing plasma elevation of total homocysteine (tHcy) or 21 hyperhomocysteinemia – a strong and independent risk factor for cognitive loss and AD. Other 22 causes of hyperhomocysteinemia include aging, nutritional factors, and deficiencies of B vitamins. 23 We emphasize the importance of supplementing vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin), vitamin B9 (folic 24 acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), and SAM to patients in early stages of LOAD. 25
Survival and development of different life stages of three Ceratitis spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures

Abstract Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are the most damaging pests on fruit crops on Réunion Island, near Madagascar. Survival and development of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitiscapitata (Wiedemann), the Natal fruit fly, C. rosa Karsch and the Mascarenes fruit fly, C. catoirii Guérin-Mèneville were compared at five constant temperatures spanning 15 to 35°C. Durations of the immature stages of C. capitata, C. rosa and C catoirii ranged from 14.5–63.8, 18.8–65.7 and 16.8–65.8 days, respectively, at 30–15°C. The lower developmental threshold and thermal constant were calculated using the temperature summation model. The thermal constant for total development of the immature stages of C. capitata, C. rosa and C. catoirii were 260, 405 and 356 DD, respectively. Species differed mainly during the larval stages and ovarian maturation period, with smaller differences in the egg stage. Ceratitis rosa appeared to be better adapted to low temperatures than the two other species as it showed a lower larval developmental threshold of 3.1°C compared to 10.2°C for C. capitata and 8.9°C for C. catoirii. Overall, C. catoirii had a low survival rate within the range of temperatures studied. The different responses of the three Ceratitis species to various temperatures explain to some extent their distribution on the island. The results obtained will be used for optimizing laboratory rearing procedures and for constructing computer simulation models to predict fruit fly population dynamics.