Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The contributions of oestrogen receptor isoforms to the development of papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas

Oestrogen (E2) is known to promote the proliferation of thyroid papillary carcinoma cells (KAT5). However, the molecular mechanism responsible is not well understood. In the study reported herein, the localization of ER alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) in KAT5 and anaplastic carcinoma cells (FRO) was studied by immunofluorescence staining and by immunoblotting the proteins in subcellular fractions. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were also determined together with the expression of relevant proteins. The pattern of the subcellular localization of ERα and ERβ differed between papillary and anaplastic cancer. Upon E2 treatment, the level of ERα increased in the nuclei of papillary cancer cells but ERβ remained unchanged. The level of mitochondrial ERβ surpassed that of ERα in anaplastic cancer cells. The different locations of ERα and ERβ in KAT5 and FRO agreed with the finding that E2 promoted the proliferation of KAT5 but inhibited or did not affect that of FRO cells, and with the proposed functions of these two receptors. E2 inhibited the level of Bax in the mitochondria of papillary cancer, followed by a decrease of cytochrome c and/or apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) release from the mitochondria into the cytosol. However, in anaplastic cancer, E2 promoted the expression of Bax in the mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c and/or AIF from mitochondria into the cytosol. Our results may explain the differences in epidemiology and responses to anti‐tumour therapy between papillary and anaplastic cancer in terms of the subcellular localization of ER isoforms. In conclusion, the findings provide evidence to support the observation that E2 is an important factor in the development of thyroid cancer. The subcellular localization of ERα and ERβ may account for the different pathogenesis of thyroid papillary and anaplastic cancers. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Operative Treatment of Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy in Sportive Patients

Introduction: The aim of this study is to presents the long-term results of operative treatment of sportive patients with chronic Achilles tendinitis. Furthermore we evaluated the ability of the patients to return to their pre injury level of sports. Materials and Methods: 90 sportive patients (94 tendons) treated surgically fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 81 patients (81 tendons) were available for follow-up. (Group A) consisted of 31 patients with pertendinitis. (Group B) included 9 patients with pure tendinosis. (Group C) consisted of 34 patients with insertional tendinopathy. (Group D) included 7 patients with insertional tendinopathy associated with peritendinitis, tendinosis Results and Discussion: At final follow-up there were 61 excellent (75%); 10 good (12, 3%); 3 fair (3,7%) and 7 poor (8,6%) results. In (Group A), there were 24 excellent, 4 good, and 3 poor results. In (Group B), there were 8 excellent and 1 good results. In the (Group C), there were 24 excellent, 3 good, 3 fair and 4 poor results. In the (Group D), there were 5 excellent and 2 good results. Return to sport at the desired level of activity was observed in 66 cases (81,4%), 12 patients (14,8%) return to sport at lower level, and 3 patients (3,7%) was not able to return to sport after surgery at final follow up. Conclusion: The techniques used lead to acceptable results in sportive patients. Furthermore, the ability of 96,2% of patients to return to sport with the 81,4% of them able to return to their pre-injury level of training and sports confirms that results.
Circumstellar disks of the most vigorously accreting young stars

Subaru-HiCIAO observations on FU Orionis objects revealed asymmetric structures on 102 to 103 AU scales of circumstellar disks and envelopes. Stars may not accumulate their mass steadily, as was previously thought, but in a series of violent events manifesting themselves as sharp stellar brightening. These events can be caused by fragmentation due to gravitational instabilities in massive gaseous disks surrounding young stars, followed by migration of dense gaseous clumps onto the star. Our high-resolution near-infrared imaging has verified the presence of the key associated features, large-scale arms and arcs surrounding four young stellar objects undergoing luminous outbursts. Our hydrodynamics simulations and radiative transfer models show that these observed structures can indeed be explained by strong gravitational instabilities occurring at the beginning of the disk formation phase. The effect of those tempestuous episodes of disk evolution on star and planet formation remains to be understood.
Les conceptions sur l'évolution biologique d'enseignants du primaire et du secondaire dans 28 pays varient selon leur pays et selon leur niveau d'étude

Nous avons coordonne une recherche internationale menee dans 28 pays, sur les conceptions d'enseignants relatives a l'evolution biologique. Elle a demarre dans le cadre du projet BIOHEADCitizen (2004-2008) et a ensuite ete etendue a 10 nouveaux pays. Ce travail est le premier a porter sur autant de pays a partir de plusieurs questions sur l'evolution biologique : deux questions sur le finalisme selon lequel l'evolution serait orientee vers l'emergence de l'Homme, et deux autres sur les conceptions plus ou moins creationnistes ou evolutionnistes des enseignants, avec la possibilite pour eux d'indiquer qu'ils sont les deux a la fois. Au total 10 009 enseignants du Primaire et du Secondaire (enseignant alors la biologie ou la langue du pays) ont rempli notre questionnaire. Dans le present travail, l'analyse de ces donnees est limitee a une comparaison entre pays, et entre niveaux d'instruction des enseignants, quel que soit leur domaine de formation. Les resultats developpent et completent les premieres conclusions que nous avions publiees a partir d'un nombre bien plus reduit de pays. 1 - Les enseignants des pays les moins riches sur le plan economique (PIB par habitant) ont adhere aux theses les plus creationnistes et aux conceptions les plus finalistes. Les differences d'un pays a un autre sont tres importantes. Par exemple 2% des enseignants francais interroges ont coche l'item creationniste radical d'une question, alors que 84% l'ont fait en Algerie. Une analyse multivariee permet de comparer les 28 pays a partir des reponses aux quatre questions ; des analyses plus fines sont ensuite presentees question par question. 2 - Les enseignants qui ont eu une formation plus longue (4 ans ou plus dans l'enseignement superieur, quelle que soit la discipline de leur formation) sont significativement plus evolutionnistes et moins finalistes que les autres. Reciproquement, ceux qui ont eu 2 ans ou moins d'instruction superieure sont plus creationnistes et plus finalistes que les autres. Cet effet pourrait n'etre qu'une consequence du moindre niveau de formation des enseignants dans les pays economiquement les plus pauvres. Cependant, si nous supprimons " l'effet pays ", cet " effet niveau de formation " reste tres significatif, concernant les conceptions creationnistes et plus encore les conceptions finalistes. Ce dernier resultat represente un espoir pour l'avenir, mais il serait neanmoins illusoire de croire que seulement augmenter la duree de formation des enseignants permettrait de contrecarrer le regain actuel de theses creationnistes ou finalistes, tant les problemes souleves sont complexes, ce que nous developpons dans la discussion terminale
Sublimation Pit Distribution Indicates Convection Cell Surface Velocities of ~ 10 Centimeters per Year in Sputnik

The ~10 km Sputnik Planitia, Pluto is the upper surface of a vast basin of nitrogen ice. Cellular landforms in Sputnik Planitia with areas in the range of a few 10-10 km are likely the surface manifestation of convective overturn in the nitrogen ice. The cells have sublimation pits on them, with smaller pits near their centers and larger pits near their edges. We map pits on seven cells and find that the pit radii increase by between 2.1 ± 0.4 × 10 and 5.9 ± 0.8 × 10 m per meter away from the cell center, depending on the cell. This is a lower bound on the size increase because of the finite resolution of the data. Accounting for resolution yields upper bounds on the size vs. distance distribution of between 4.2 ± 0.2 × 10 and 23.4 ± 1.5 × 10 m m. We then use an analytic model to calculate that pit radii grow via sublimation at a rate of m yr, which allows us to convert the pit size vs. distance distribution into a pit age vs. distance distribution. This yields surface velocities between and cm yr for the slowest cell and surface velocities between and cm yr for the fastest cell. These convection rates imply that the surface ages at the edge of cells reach ~ yr. The rates are comparable to rates of ~6 cm yr that were previously obtained from modeling of the convective overturn in Sputnik Planitia [McKinnon, W.B. et al., Nature, 534(7605), 82–85]. Finally, we investigate the surface rheology of the convection cells and estimate that the minimum ice viscosity necessary to support the geometry of the observed pits is of order 10 – 10 Pa s,
Functional glycine receptors are expressed by postnatal nestin‐positive neural stem/progenitor cells

Multipotent neural stem and progenitor cells (NS/PCs) are well‐established cell subpopulations occurring in the developing, and also in the mature mammalian nervous systems. Trophic and transcription factors are currently the main signals known to influence the development and the commitment of NS/PCs and their progeny. However, recent studies suggest that neurotransmitters could also contribute to neural development. In that respect, rodent‐cultured embryonic NS/PCs have been reported to express functional neurotransmitter receptors. No similar investigation has, however, been made in postnatal and/or in adult rodent brain stem cells. In this study, using RT‐PCR and immunocytochemical methods, we show that α1‐, α2‐ and β‐subunit mRNAs and α‐subunit proteins of the glycine ionotropic receptor are expressed by 80.5 ± 0.9% of postnatal rat striatum‐derived, nestin‐positive cells within cultured neurospheres. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp experiments further demonstrated that glycine triggers in 33.5% of these cells currents that can be reversibly blocked by strychnine and picrotoxin. This demonstrates that NS/PCs express functional glycine receptors, the consequence(s) of their activation remaining unknown.
Enjoying mathematics or feeling competent in mathematics? Reciprocal effects on mathematics achievement and perceived math effort expenditure.

BACKGROUND The multidimensionality of the academic self-concept in terms of domain specificity has been well established in previous studies, whereas its multidimensionality in terms of motivational functions (the so-called affect-competence separation) needs further examination. AIM This study aims at exploring differential effects of enjoyment and competence beliefs on two external validity criteria in the field of mathematics. SAMPLE Data analysed in this study were part of a large-scale longitudinal research project. Following a five-wave design, math enjoyment, math competence beliefs, math achievement, and perceived math effort expenditure measures were repeatedly collected from a cohort of 4,724 pupils in Grades 3-7. METHOD Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the internal factor structure of the math self-concept. Additionally, a series of nested models was tested using structural equation modelling to examine longitudinal reciprocal interrelations between math competence beliefs and math enjoyment on the one hand and math achievement and perceived math effort expenditure on the other. RESULTS Our results showed that CFA models with separate factors for math enjoyment and math competence beliefs fit the data substantially better than models without it. Furthermore, differential relationships between both constructs and the two educational outcomes were observed. Math competence beliefs had positive effects on math achievement and negative effects on perceived math effort expenditure. Math enjoyment had (mild) positive effects on subsequent perceived effort expenditure and math competence beliefs. CONCLUSION This study provides further support for the affect-competence separation. Theoretical issues regarding adequate conceptualization and practical consequences for practitioners are discussed.
Assessment of Mountain Ecosystems Changes Under Anthropogenic Pressure in Latorica River Basin (Transcarpathian Region, Ukraine)

Abstract The Carpathian mountain ecosystems have been changed under anthropogenic pressure during last decades. The different types of anthropogenic pressure affect the ecosystem characteristics and functioning. The species composition, species richness and ecological indicator values of 12 ecological factors were compared among 14 habitats: natural, semi-natural, degraded and ruderal ecosystems in different altitude zones. The results show that anthropogenic pressure and altitude gradient influence indices of edaphic and climate conditions. The anthropogenic pressure also affects biodiversity: the highest species richness and Shannon-Wiener index are observed in habitats with ‘intermediate’ disturbances level, while high level of disturbances cause decrease in bio-diversity. The disturbances cause the ecosystem to become susceptible to invasion of alien species, while native species, especially rare, become vulnerable and can disappear.
Alfentanil and Placebo Analgesia: No Sex Differences Detected in Models of Experimental Pain

Background:To assess whether patient sex contributes to the interindividual variability in alfentanil analgesic sensitivity, the authors compared male and female subjects for pain sensitivity after alfentanil using a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling approach. Methods:Healthy volunteers received a 30-min alfentanil or placebo infusion on two occasions. Analgesia was measured during the subsequent 6 h by assaying tolerance to transcutaneous electrical stimulation (eight men and eight women) of increasing intensity or using visual analog scale scores during treatment with noxious thermal heat (five men and five women). Sedation was concomitantly measured. Population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic models were applied to the analgesia and sedation data using NONMEM. For electrical pain, the placebo and alfentanil models were combined post hoc. Results:Alfentanil and placebo analgesic responses did not differ between sexes. The placebo effect was successfully incorporated into the alfentanil pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model and was responsible for 20% of the potency of alfentanil. However, the placebo effect did not contribute to the analgesic response variability. The pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis of the electrical and heat pain data yielded similar values for the potency parameter, but the blood–effect site equilibration half-life was significantly longer for electrical pain (7–9 min) than for heat pain (0.2 min) or sedation (2 min). Conclusions:In contrast to the ample literature demonstrating sex differences in morphine analgesia, neither sex nor subject expectation (i.e., placebo) contributes to the large between-subject response variability with alfentanil analgesia. The difference in alfentanil analgesia onset and offset between pain tests is discussed.
Morphometric Analysis of the Foramen Magnum: An Anatomic Study

OBJECTIVETo further elucidate the importance of anatomic variations in morphology of the foramen magnum and associated clinical implications, we conducted a morphometric study. METHODSSeventy-two dry skulls were used for this study. Digital images were obtained of the foramen magnum from an inferior view. These images were studied using a computer-assisted image analysis system. Next, an image processor was used to calculate pixel differences between 2 selected points, which allowed accurate translation of pixel differences into metric measurements. RESULTSWe found that the mean surface area of the foramen magnum was 558 mm2, the mean anteroposterior diameter was 3.1 cm, and the mean horizontal diameter was 2.7 cm. For comparison, surface areas were classified into 3 types based on size. Type I foramina were identified in 20.8% of the dry skulls (15 skulls) and exhibited a surface area of less than 500 mm2. Type II (66.6%, 48 skulls) was applied to foramina of an intermediate size with surface areas ranging between 500 to 600 mm2. Type III (12.5%, 9 skulls) was applied to large foramina with surface areas of more than 600 mm2. CONCLUSIONThese data may be of use as a morphometric database for description of “normal” variants of foramen magnum morphology.
Biotic potential and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in the laboratory

Biotic potential and reprodutcive parameters of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in the laboratory: This study aimed to evaluate the biotic potential and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) under controlled conditions (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hour photophase). The longevity, pre-, post- and oviposition periods, fecundity and fertility of 15 couples was evaluated. The longevity of females (10.80 days) was not significantly higher than those of males (9.27 days). The mean durations of the pre, post and oviposition periods were 2.067, 0.600 and 8.133 days, respectively. The mean fecundity per female was 1,398 eggs and the mean fertility was 1,367.50 larvae. On average, females copulated 1.133 times. A strong positive correlation was observed between the number of mating and fecundity (r = 0.881, P <0.001). However a strong negative correlation was observed between the number of copulations and the duration of the pre-oviposition period (r = -0.826, P = 0.002) and longevity (r = -0.823, P = 0.001). The biotic potential of S. eridania was estimated at 1.894 x 10 25 individuals/female/year. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was 560.531 times per generation and the mean generation time (T) was 35.807 days. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.177, with a finite rate of increase (l) of 1.193, per week.
Markov-based stochastic multi-period market settlement with wind uncertainties

To effectively manage uncertainties at high levels of wind penetration, stochastic unit commitment (UC) has been investigated based on scenarios, and multiple sets of prices can be directly obtained as byproducts. For day-ahead markets, however, it is crucial to obtain one set of prices/payments before the realizations of uncertainties. To achieve this goal, several pricing schemes were presented in the literature considering desired economic properties. They included single-period scenario-based models. The extension of such models to multi-period problems, however, suffers from computational complexity. Recently, we developed a Markov-based UC framework where uncertainties are represented by states instead of scenarios, leading to efficient computation. This paper develops two corresponding day-ahead pricing schemes based on sensitivity analysis to reflect the fundamental physical meaning of stochastic marginal prices. To obtain one set of day-ahead payments, ideas from the scenario-based schemes developed by Wong and Fuller are borrowed. Desired economic properties, including economic efficiency and revenue adequacy, are examined assuming truthful bidding. This work lays the foundation for Markov-based multi-period market settlement.
Edge Effects in Self-Heating-Related Instabilities in p-Channel Polycrystalline-Silicon Thin-Film Transistors

Self-heating-related instabilities have been investigated in p-channel polycrystalline-silicon thin-fllm transistor, showing an anomalous transconductance (gm) increase. The gm increase is a fingerprint of edge effects, resulting from a buildup of positive trapped charge in the gate oxide at the channel edges. This was confirmed by the annihilation of such positive charges obtained by sequential hot-carrier bias-stress experiments. From the analysis of the edge effects in devices with different channel lengths, we were able, using 2-D numerical simulations, to deter mine the size of the defected edge regions to be 400 nm.
ABO blood group and breast cancer incidence and survival

ABO blood type has been associated with risk and survival for several malignancies; however, data for an association with breast cancer are inconsistent. Our study population consisted of Nurses' Health Study participants with self‐reported serologic blood type and/or ABO genotype. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we examined the association between serologic blood type and incident breast cancer among 67,697 women, including 3,107 cases. In addition, we examined the association with ABO genotype in a nested case‐control study of 1,138 invasive breast cancer cases and 1,090 matched controls. Finally, we evaluated the association between serologic blood type and survival among 2,036 participants with breast cancer. No clear association was seen between serologic blood type or ABO genotype and risk of total breast cancer, invasive breast cancer or breast cancer subtypes. Compared to women with blood type O, the age‐adjusted incidence rate ratios for serologic blood type and total breast cancer were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.98–1.15) for type A, 1.06 (95% CI, 0.93–1.22) for AB and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.96–1.20) for B. In genetic analyses, odds ratios for invasive breast cancer were 1.05 (95% CI, 0.87–1.27) for A/O, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.86–1.69) for A/A, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.56–1.26) for A/B, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.63–1.13) for B/O and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.35–3.86) for B/B, compared to O/O. No significant association was noted between blood type and overall or breast cancer‐specific mortality. Our results suggest no association between ABO blood group and breast cancer risk or survival.
University of Indonesia's Participation in WEB-CLEF 2005

We present a report on our participation in the mixed monolingual web task of the 2005 Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF). We compared the result of web page retrieval based on the content of the page, the target domain and the page content, and a combination of the page title and the target domain. The result shows that combining the page title and the target domain resulted in better retrieval performance than using only the page content or the target domain and the page content.
Job turnover intentions among pharmacy faculty.

OBJECTIVES To determine the primary reasons why pharmacy faculty intend to remain or leave their current institution and why they left their most recent academic institution, and the relative contribution of various organizational and individual characteristics toward explaining variance in turnover intentions. METHODS A survey instrument was e-mailed to pharmacy faculty members asking respondents to indicate up to 5 reasons for their intentions and up to 5 reasons why they left a previous institution. The survey also elicited perceptions on quality of work life in addition to demographic and institutional data, upon which turnover intentions were regressed using a forward-conditional procedure. Organizational commitment as a moderator of turnover intentions was regressed over the remaining variables not acting directly on employer intentions. RESULTS Just over 1 in 5 respondents indicated intentions to leave their current academic institution. Excessive workload, seeking a new challenge, poor salary, and poor relationships with college or school administrators were frequently cited as reasons for leaving. Turnover intentions are influenced directly by department chair support and organizational commitment, which moderates various support and satisfaction variables. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacy faculty members' decision to remain or leave an institution is dependent upon developing a sense of commitment toward the institution. Commitment is facilitated by support from the institution and department chair, in addition to a sense of satisfaction with the teaching environment.