Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic bacteriuria among an obstetric population in Ibadan.

BACKGROUND Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy is the major risk factor for symptomatic urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Screening and identification of bacteriuria during pregnancy have been recommended. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and pattern of asymptomatic bacteriuria associated with pregnancy. METHODS The study was a descriptive, cross sectional survey of pattern of asymptomatic bacteriuria among consecutive patients presenting for the first antenatal visit at a University College Hospital, during a period of two months. Relevant information obtained from all the patients recruited for the study included age, parity, educational level, gestational age and occupation of participant. Haemoglobin electrophoresis patterns were also retrieved and recorded. Main outcome measures were prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacterial isolates and their antibiotic sensitivities. RESULTS There were 205 eligible participants with a mean age of 30.6 ± 4.3 years and a mean gestational age at booking of 20.9 ±7.0 weeks. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 22(10.7%). The isolated pathogens were predominantly coliforms (Klebsiella and E. coli) accounting for 45.5% and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (27.3%). Only gentamycin, nitrofurantoin and ofloxacin demonstrated high efficacy against these uropathogens with antibiotic sensitivity rates of 72.7%-81.8%. CONCLUSION Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in this centre is relatively high. This underscores the need for routine screening of pregnant women for bacteriuria.
Cepstral Analysis of Voice in Young Children and Adults

Voice is a multidimensional entity and it reveals the speaker’s physical and emotional health, personality and identity. Voice production is an aerodynamic process in which the acoustical waves are created by laryngeal modulations of respiratory airflow. These waves are amplified and filtered accordingly by vocal tract resonance. For an economical or optimum vocal output, stability across these respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory subsystems is essential. The voice changes dynamically, minute by minute. But there are long term changes that are associated with growth and decline in life. At the major stages of life, the uses of the voice are different, as are the demands placed upon it. The reasons for those differences are many and include biological maturation and the emotional and social changes that occur in the individual’s life. A voice change due to biological maturations is the main concern, as we age; there will be changes in anatomical structures related voice production and physiology of the same. It varies from person to person and across gender. But the trend seen is similar in both the gender.
Long-range dependence in variable-bit-rate video traffic

We analyze 20 large sets of actual variable-bit-rate (VBR) video data, generated by a variety of different codecs and representing a wide range of different scenes. Performing extensive statistical and graphical tests, our main conclusion is that long-range dependence is an inherent feature of VBR video traffic, i.e., a feature that is independent of scene (e.g., video phone, video conference, motion picture video) and codec. In particular, we show that the long-range dependence property allows us to clearly distinguish between our measured data and traffic generated by VBR source models currently used in the literature. These findings give rise to novel and challenging problems in traffic engineering for high-speed networks and open up new areas of research in queueing and performance analysis involving long-range dependent traffic models. A small number of analytic queueing results already exist, and we discuss their implications for network design and network control strategies in the presence of long-range dependent traffic. >
Attention to Emotion and Non-Western Faces: Revisiting the Facial Feedback Hypothesis

ABSTRACT In a modified replication of Strack, Martin, and Stepper's demonstration of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis (1988), we investigated the effect of attention to emotion on the facial feedback process in a non-western cultural setting. Participants, recruited from two universities in Ghana, West Africa, gave self-reports of their perceived levels of attention to emotion, and then completed cartoon-rating tasks while randomly assigned to smiling, frowning, or neutral conditions. While participants with low Attention to Emotion scores displayed the usual facial feedback effect (rating cartoons as funnier when in the smiling compared to the frowning condition), the effect was not present in individuals with high Attention to Emotion. The findings indicate that (1) the facial feedback process can occur in contexts beyond those in which the phenomenon has previously been studied, and (2) aspects of emotion regulation, such as Attention to Emotion can interfere with the facial feedback process.
Role of FNAC in the Preoperative Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Lesions.

BACKGROUND The characteristic cytologic features of the common salivary gland lesions have been well-delineated in literature. However, there also exist cytologic pitfalls and overlapping features that make an accurate diagnosis difficult in few cases. The present study was designed to compare the cytologic findings of salivary gland lesions with the histologic diagnoses, in order to assess the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC, with an emphasis on discordant cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with suspected salivary gland enlargements, who were referred for FNAC, were included in this study, which was done over a 3 year period in a medical college hospital. FNAC was performed by using the standard procedure. Smears were stained by using Papanicolaou's and MGG stains. Cytologic diagnosis was compared with histopathologic diagnosis wherever it was available. RESULTS Eighty eight patients with salivary gland swellings were included in the study. The ages of the patients ranged from 15 to 82 years, with the M:F ratio being 1.6:1. Out of 88 cases, 68 had swellings in parotid gland, 19 had them in submandibular gland and one had them in hard palate. Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest neoplasm which was seen in our study. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) was the only malignant lesion seen in our study. One each of Warthin's tumour (WT) and MEC were overdiagnosed and underdiagnosed respectively, the reason being squamous metaplasia in WT and subtle nature of malignant cells in low-grade MEC. CONCLUSION WT and MEC can pose problems in cytologicdiagnosis. Sampling errors and interpretational errors can lead todiscordant diagnoses.
Weighted rank constrained rank minimization interference alignment for 3-tier downlink heterogeneous networks

In this paper, interference alignment (IA) in 3-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is addressed. The rank constrained rank minimization (RCRM) approach is modified to deal with the nature of tiers with different quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. In the proposed approach, which we name weighted RCRM (WRCRM), different tiers are treated with different weighting factors to reflect their tolerance to interference. We first study the achievable degrees of freedom (DoFs) for the 3-user mutually interfering broadcast channels (MIBCs) and derive an inner and a loose outer bound on the achievable DoFs. Then, using the derived expressions and the condition of IA feasibility, we show that, by choosing the appropriate weighting factors, the proposed WRCRM-IA solution can outperform the RCRM-IA approach in terms of the average sum rate and the average number of DoFs. Moreover, the WRCRM-IA solution comes closer to the perfect IA DoFs outer bound.
A systematic review of care needs of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) on a cognitive, emotional and behavioural level.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To gain an insight into the neuropsychological care needs on a cognitive, emotional and/or behavioural level from the perspective of the person living with minor traumatic brain injury. DESIGN A systematic literature review. METHOD Medline, Psychlit, CINAHL, Cochrane and Scholar databases (1995-2007) were searched. RESULTS The research has lead to three large-scale, American surveys on people with minor, moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. None of the surveys focused only on minor traumatic brain injury. The surveys did not made a distinction with respect to seriousness of the brain damage and the corresponding needs. In general, people with traumatic brain injury prove to have important continuing neuropsychological care needs in the chronic phase. On a cognitive level, there seems to be a particular need for aid with memory problems and problem-solving skills. The main emotional needs are help with one's 'mood', mood swings and learning how to deal with stress. For the behavioural problems, there is a particular need to help control one's temperament. The need for care, especially for cognitive and behavioural problems, seems to increase with time. The professional help offered in the long term after the traumatic event likewise seems to be inadequate. CONCLUSION The results of this systematic review show that we know very little about the precise needs of people with minor chronic traumatic brain injury. To change this, qualitative research is needed, allowing an in-depth analysis of the needs and experiences of patients currently living with traumatic brain injury. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE A better knowledge and understanding of the neuropsychological needs of patients with traumatic brain injury will help health care providers to offer more effective care.
Innervation of the Joint and Role of Neuropeptides

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is considered to represent a disease of the synovial membrane, osteoarthritis of the hyaline articular cartilage, and osteoporosis of the bone. It can be questioned to what extent this is true and to what extent these diseases could be considered to be due to extra‐articular, extra‐skeletal pathology related to the neuroendocrine system. Pain is the main symptom in arthritis. This is related to prostaglandin‐mediated sensitization of the primary afferent nociceptive nerves. Accordingly, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are used in symptomatic treatment, occasionally together with opioids and tricyclic antidepressants. The midline symmetry and involvement of the richly innervated, small peripheral joints in rheumatoid arthritis have raised speculation about the role of neurogenic inflammation and neuropeptides in its pathogenesis. In contrast to the free nerve endings, the role of the proprioceptive sensors is to provide information of our actual motor performance (the afferent copy of our movements) compared to the efferent motor program, which is activated by our will to move. These include proprioceptors in the skin (e.g., Meissner corpuscles), muscles (annulospiral and flower‐spray endings of the muscle spindles), Golgi tendon organs, and Ruffini end organs and Pacinian corpuscles in the superficial and deep layers of the joint capsule. Elderly people may have slow reflexes, lax joints, joint incongruity, and loss of muscle power; obesity, alcohol and medicinal use, and joint pain can be combined with poor/nonexisting capacity for repair and remodeling of the musculoskeletal tissues. Impaired biomechanics contributes to increased joint tenderness, accumulation of minor trauma (secondary osteoarthritis), and falls (osteoporotic fractures). More attention needs to be paid to aging of proprioception, not only to the terminal disease target.
Sarcopenia prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in older people living in a nursing home in Ankara Turkey

Sarcopenia is prevalent in older people, and is related to survival and disability. There are no data on sarcopenia evaluated according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria for nursing home residents in Turkey. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria and associated factors with sarcopenia among nursing home residents in Turkey.
Gender Norms, Violence in Childhood, and Men’s Coercive Control in Marriage: A Multilevel Analysis of Young Men in Bangladesh

Objective: Coercive control in marriage is common in patriarchal settings, but multilevel determinants are understudied. Method: Using a probability sample of 570 junior men (married, 18–34 years) from the Bangladesh survey of the 2011 UN Multi-Country Study of Men and Violence, we examined how exposure to violence in childhood and community-level gender norms were related to men’s attitudes about gender equity and use of controlling behavior. We tested whether community-level gender norms moderated the relationship between men’s exposure to violence in childhood and our outcomes. Results: According to results from multilevel Poisson regression models, as community gender norms become more equitable by one SD, a junior married man’s expected rate of controlling behavior is lower by 0.11, and his rate of agreement with gender equitable attitudes is higher by 0.27. More gender-equitable community norms were negatively related to a junior married man’s use of controlling behavior. Childhood exposure to violence was not associated with use of controlling behavior. There was a significant cross-level interaction such that exposure to violence had a stronger negative impact on men’s gender equitable attitudes in communities with lower overall gender equity than those with higher overall gender equity. The corresponding cross-level interaction effect was not significant for the controlling behavior outcome. Conclusions: More equitable community gender norms may encourage more gender-equitable attitudes and discourage use of controlling behavior among junior men, suggesting that interventions to change community gender norms may reduce coercive control of women in marriage.
Measurements of radio pulsar braking indices

A quantitative analysis of radio pulsar timing noise is presented. Our analysis employs the recently reported strong correlation (with correlation coefficient r = 0.95) between the observed second time derivative of the pulse rotation frequency (¨ νobs), obtained from fully phase-coherent timing analyses, and a timing noise statistic (σR23), used to quantify the amount of pulsar rotational fluctuations absorbed by the coefficient of the cubic term, to isolate the presumed deterministic braking index from the effects attributable to pulsar timing activity. Application of this method to a sample of 27 radio pulsars, whose timing data span ∼9–13 years, reveals that (i) for 22 pulsars, a sensible braking index measurement was impossible: with numerical values of the braking index either appreciably less than the corresponding uncertainty or anomalously large; (ii) save for the relatively large uncertainties, the braking index appears to be significantly measured in five pulsars. Current results are discussed in the context of the prevailing standard model for radio pulsar spin-down.
Análise fonético-acústica das vogais orais e nasais do português: Brasil e Portugal

Este trabalho apresenta uma analise fonetico-acustica das vogais orais e nasais do portugues brasileiro, mais especificamente da comunidade de fala de Fortaleza dos Nogueiras, Maranhao e do portugues europeu, em alguns dados de fala da regiao de Lisboa, Portugal. O embasamento teorico pauta-se nos postulados de Camara Jr. (1970), de Mateus (1982), de Morais Barbosa (1994) e de Moraes e Wetzels (1992), acerca da nasalidade na lingua portuguesa, especialmente, no portugues brasileiro. O referencial teorico de Fonetica Acustica compoe-se, principalmente, pelos trabalhos de Ladefoged (2003, 2006 e 2007), Ladefoged; Jonhson (2008), Mateus et al. (2005), Delgado-Martins (1988), Morais Barbosa (1994), Malmberg (1998), Medeiros (2007), Medeiros et al. (2008) e Sousa, E. (1994). Os informantes sujeitos desta pesquisa, tanto brasileiros como portugueses, sao pessoas com baixa escolaridade, baixa rotatividade, que tem a partir de 50 anos de idade. Os brasileiros nasceram e viveram a maior parte de suas vidas na zona rural de Fortaleza dos Nogueiras; os portugueses sao moradores do entorno de Lisboa. Os dados de fala do Brasil sao resultado de nossa pesquisa de campo realizada em 2011. Os de Portugal foram-nos cedidos pelo Instituto de Linguistica da Universidade de Lisboa e fazem parte do acervo de fala do ALEPG (Atlas Linguistico e Etnografico de Portugal e da Galiza). A analise fonetico-acustica dos dados e feita por meio do programa Speech Station da Sensimetrics, para a visualizacao dos expectogramas e para a extracao das medidas de F1 e de F2. Apresentam-se os valores dos formantes 1 e 2 das vogais orais e nasais e estes sao comparados com o intuito de mostrar o que acontece com a vogal nasal em relacao a correspondente oral; evidenciam-se quais as caracteristicas acusticas das vogais orais e nasais; apresenta-se o triângulo articulatorio das vogais desses informantes da pesquisa com evidencia para os contornos que elas assumem na articulacao e para as faixas de frequencia em que cada vogal se posiciona. Por fim, realiza-se uma investigacao comparativa das vogais orais e nasais nessas duas variedades da lingua portuguesa.
Head injuries in youth soccer players presenting to the emergency department

Background: There has been recent concern about neuropsychological injuries experienced by soccer players, particularly related to the purposeful heading of the ball. There are few population based analyses examining whether this is a legitimate concern. Objectives: To explore, using an existing injury surveillance system, one of many parts of this issue: acute injuries requiring emergency medical care experienced by youth soccer players. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of emergency department injury surveillance data (1996–2001) for youths aged 10–24 years from the Kingston sites of the Canadian Hospital Injury Reporting and Prevention Program. Results: A total of 1714 cases of soccer injury were identified (mean 286 a year); 235 (13.7%) involved diagnoses of injuries to the head. Leading mechanical factors resulting in head injury were contact with other players or persons (153/235; 65.1%) and balls (62/235; 26.4%). Heading was reported in 4/62 (6%) of the ball contact injuries, and attempted heading was reported in 15/153 (9.8%) of the cases involving person to person contact. Unspecified head to head contact between players was reported in 39 cases. Conclusions: Minor head injuries that result in emergency medical treatment do not happen often in youth soccer, and very few can be attributed to the purposeful heading of the ball. Player contact injuries appear to be a more important injury control concern. This study informs one of many aspects of the soccer heading injury debate.
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 p30IIFunctions as a Transcription Factor and Differentially Modulates CREB-Responsive Promoters

ABSTRACT Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a complex retrovirus, causes adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia and is linked to a variety of immune-mediated disorders. The roles of proteins encoded in the pX open reading frame (ORF) II gene region in HTLV-1 replication or in mediating virus-associated diseases remain to be defined. A nucleus-localizing 30-kDa protein, p30II, encoded within pX ORF II has limited homology with the POU family of transcription factors. Recently, we reported that selected mutations in pX ORF II diminish the ability of HTLV-1 to maintain high viral loads in infected rabbits. Herein we have tested the transcriptional ability of p30II in mammalian cells by using yeast Gal4 fusion protein vectors and transfection of luciferase reporter genes driven by CREB-responsive promoters. p30II as a Gal4 DNA-binding domain (DBD) fusion protein transactivates Gal4-driven luciferase reporter gene activity up to 25-fold in 293 and HeLa-tat cells. We confirmed nuclear localization of p30II and demonstrate dose-dependent binding of p30II-Gal4(DBD) to Gal4 DNA-binding sites. The transcriptional activity of p30II-Gal4(DBD) was independent of TATA box flanking sequences, as shown by using two different Gal4 reporter systems. Studies of selected p30II mutants indicated that domains that mediate transcription are restricted to a central core region of the protein between amino acids 62 and 220. Transfection of a p30II-expressing plasmid repressed cellular CRE-driven reporter gene activity, with or without Tax expression. In contrast, p30II at lower concentrations enhanced HTLV-1 long terminal repeat-driven reporter gene activity independent of Tax expression. These data are the first to demonstrate a transcriptional function for p30II and suggest a mechanism by which this nuclear protein may influence HTLV-1 replication or cellular gene expression in vivo.
An Overview of Clinical Research for Anesthesiologists

The process of drug development and regulation require much effort and co-operation between clinicians, pharmaceutical manufacturers and government regulators to achieve a common goal of development and utilization of safe and effective drugs. A fundamental understanding of this process may further facilitate optimal drug utilization and active involvement of clinician in the drug development process. This article reviews the process by which new drugs are introduced into practice with emphasis on pharmaceutical development and government regulation.