Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimax Design of Constant Modulus MIMO Waveforms for Active Sensing

Waveform optimization is a crucial step in the design of a multiple-input multiple-output system. This letter considers the joint optimization of constant modulus waveforms and mismatched (or matched) receive filters to suppress the auto- and cross correlations using the minimax (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{\infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm) design criterion. For practical waveform length and system size, the waveform design problem becomes quite challenging due to the large problem size (more than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^5$</tex-math></inline-formula> unimodular complex variables and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^7$</tex-math></inline-formula> nonlinear constraints). In addition to the large size, this problem is nonconvex, nonsmooth, and as such, cannot be handled effectively by the existing waveform design algorithms or off-the-shelve optimization tools. This letter develops an efficient primal–dual type algorithm with low per-iteration complexity to solve this problem. Numerical comparison shows that the waveforms based on the minimax design outperform those obtained from the existing <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _2$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm design by 4–5 dBs in terms of peak sidelobe levels.
Can the Superposition of Evaporative Flows Explain Broad Fe xxi Profiles during Solar Flares?

The observation of the high-temperature (≳10 MK) Fe xxi 1354.1 Å line with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph has provided significant insights into the chromospheric evaporation process in flares. In particular, the line is often observed to be completely blueshifted, in contrast to previous observations at lower spatial and spectral resolution, and in agreement with predictions from theoretical models. Interestingly, the line is also observed to be mostly symmetric and significantly broader than expected from thermal motions (assuming the peak formation temperature of the ion is in equilibrium). One popular interpretation for the nonthermal broadening is the superposition of flows from different loop strands. In this work, we test this scenario by forward-modeling the Fe xxi line profile assuming different possible observational scenarios using hydrodynamic simulations of multi-thread flare loops with the 1D RADYN code. Our results indicate that the superposition of flows alone cannot easily reproduce both the symmetry and the significant broadening of the line and that some other physical process, such as turbulence, or a much larger ion temperature than previously expected, likely needs to be invoked in order to explain the observed profiles.
Language anxiety in second language writing: Is it really a stumbling block?

This study investigates how foreign language anxiety is related to second language writing anxiety among second language (L2) English learners in Korea and how English writing anxiety affects second language writing performance. It also investigates possible sources of anxiety from the learners’ perspective, which should provide better understanding of possible obstacles that L2 learners may face during language learning. The data came from two survey instruments, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS; Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986) and the English Writing Anxiety Scale (EWAS; Lee, 2005), as well as a background questionnaire. The surveys were administered to an intact class of 26 junior high school students of English as a foreign language, where the teacher had implemented an innovative writing portfolio assignment. The study’s results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between the FLCAS and the EWAS. There was not a significant correlation between EWAS and writing performance as observed in the student portfolios, but students with high EWAS scores did tend to show poor performance on the writing portfolio. Several causes of anxiety in the classroom from the students’ point of view were uncovered. The research findings suggest that instructors should seek more effective ways to ease the anxiety that students might feel when learning and writing English so as to support successful language learning experiences.
Self-organized domain formation by moving the biased SPM tip

Abstract We studied the domain structure self-organization at non-polar cuts of congruent lithium niobate under the action of biased moving scanning probe microscopy (SPM) tip. Analysis of the obtained domain structures revealed several types of switching: doubling, quadrupling, and chaotic. The period of created domains was shown to be similar in different non-polar cuts. The obtained results give further insight into domain interaction and domain structure self-organization.
Effect of Sowing Dates on Yield and Yield Attributes of Rice Genotpes

In order to investigate the effect of sowing dates on rice yield and its components a field experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Sakha, Kafr EL-Sheikh Egypt. 14 rice genotypes were tested at different sowing dates, April 1, April 15, May 1 and May 15 during the two successive rice seasons 2017 and 2018. The studied characters were i.e., flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, plant height, number of panicles per hill, number of filled grains per panicle, number of unfilled spikelets per panicle, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (t/ha), number of days from sowing to heading and growth degree days. Analysis of variance indicated that rice genotypes were significantly different for all the studied traits. The highest values of grain yield and most of the studied characters were observed under April 15 followed by May 1 sowing dates. Sakha108 and GZ6903-1-2-2-1 produced the highest grain yield followed by IR77510-68-1-3-3.
Analysis of Asymmetrically Corrugated Goubau-Line Antenna for Endfire Radiation

We systematically analyze and describe a new type of traveling-wave endfire antenna based on an asymmetrically corrugated Goubau line that exhibits high efficiency and has a low profile. By proving that asymmetry is a necessary condition in addition to the Hanson–Woodyard condition for traveling-wave endfire radiation, we study the effect of asymmetric corrugation on the mode guide and coupling. We subsequently show that two different waves are independently guided along the two corrugated edges, whose phase difference leads to a transversally polarized dipole moment radiating in the endfire direction. A closed-form expression for the radiation pattern is derived based on the proposed analysis to approximately predict the antennas’ optimum length. To verify the proposed analysis and design principles, results from an experimental prototype operating at 13–15 GHz are also provided. The experimental results show that the antenna design has an average gain of 9.9 dBi and an average efficiency of 82%. The agreement between the predicted results and the final optimized results validates the proposed analysis.
Investigation of polarization switching processes in 0.8PMN-0.2PT single crystal in a temperature range from 100 K to 300 K

Abstract Ferroelectric hysteresis loops were measured and the temperature evolution of the coercive field traced in [110]-oriented 0.8Pb(Mb1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.2PbTiO3 single crystal in the temperature range from 120 to 300 K at frequencies from 2 to 50 Hz. It was found that the coercive field rised with decreasing temperature in power-law manner at all frequencies. Temperature-dependent hysteresis model was used for approximation of acquired coercive field-temperature dependences. It was shown that nanoscale ferroelectric domains could be created at PMN-20PT surface by voltage pulses applied between the tip of atomic force microscope and bottom electrode at temperatures as low as 100 K.
Forecasting organizational silence according to moral behavior styles

Introduction: Lack of expressing opinions by employees in organizations causes organizational silence. Researchers have identified two contributing factors for the organizational silence: Management fear of negative feedback and staff perceptions of management’s complex ideas about them. Method: This article aimed to forecast organizational silence according to moral behavior styles. A total of 300 employees working in Mobile Telecommunication Company of Iran (MCI) were enrolled as the sample using simple random sampling. It was a correlational study. Data were collected using two questionnaires: Organizational Silence Questionnaire and Moral Behavior Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and confirmatory factor analysis used for data analysis. For the hypothesis testing, path analysis, which is a part of SEM, was employed using LISREL. Result: The results showed that organizational silence had a significant relationship with moral behavior. Conclusion: The results help managers prepare the ground to receive feedback from employees with various moral behavior styles.
Embroidered electrodes for bioelectrical impedance analysis: impact of surface area and stitch parameters

Measuring electrical activity in the human body is vital in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients; thus, attention to the design of biopotential electrodes is essential. It is important that electrodes are designed accordingly by adapting to a specific device and application. By embroidering electrodes, we can tailor the electrode parameters to suit the application and integrate them into textile outfits. However, embroidered electrodes possess unwanted polarizing impedance () relative to the frequency of the current applied by the system. Dry embroidered electrodes are preferred to wet electrodes for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) recordings providing stable measurements. BIA is a relatively simple and non-invasive technique that measures the resistivity of biological tissue. This research analyzes the impact of embroidery characteristics (i.e. electrode surface area, stitch type, stitch density and stitch length) on embroidered electrodes by identifying the parameters reducing for BIA in a dry and wet state. In addition, the influence of the amount of conductive thread utilised for the fabrication of the sample electrodes was studied. For dry electrodes, we identified that a larger electrode surface area, increased stitch length and stitch density reduce . Moreover, it was observed that potentially there is a threshold on the amount of conductive yarn used for the embroidered electrode. In contrary, wet electrodes displayed irregular and thus, it can be concluded that they could potentially impair BIA measurements. In essence, our findings show that embroidered electrodes can be incorporated into wearable BIA systems for health monitoring in home settings.
ERROR ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY SIX PUPILS IN WORD PROBLEMS INVOLVING FRACTIONS

The purpose of this study was to analyze the errors made by primary school pupils in solving mathematical word problems in fraction using Newman’s Error Analysis procedure. The study used a qualitative research design and collected data using a diagnostic test and interview. The population of the study was primary six pupils in both public and private schools in Minna metropolis of Niger State, Nigeria. The samples were 105 primary six (6) pupils, 61 males and 44 females. The instruments used in the study are (a) a set of paper and pencil test consisting of 12 theory questions on fractions and (b) structured interview based on Newman’s theorem. The diagnostic test was administered to the pupils. Structured interview adopted from Rohmah and Sutiarso was also used to identify at which level students’ errors occur. The type of error was based on Newman Error Hierarchy Model that includes reading, comprehension, transformation, process skill, and encoding error. The data were analysed using inferential statistics of Chi-square (
Evidence for a narrow band gap phase in 1T′ WS2 nanosheet

While 1T′ phase-pure MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = Se, Te) have recently been reported to be superconductors, Weyl semimetals, or quantum spin Hall insulators, the electronic properties of phase-pure 1T′-WS2 samples are still lacking thorough investigation. Here, we report the study of single-layer 1T′-WS2 nanosheets prepared from lithium exfoliation of WS2. We confirmed the composition and structure of single layer 1T′-WS2 flakes using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The distorted octahedral structure related to the 1T′ phase with a 2a × 2a superstructure is evidenced using STEM. Photoemission and electronic measurements uncover the presence of a narrow bandgap (>120 meV) in the 1T′-WS2 nanosheets, which is completely different from semiconducting bulk or single-layer 1H-WS2. The material is found to be ambipolar with a p-type nature. At low temperatures, a slow photoresponse is also observed.While 1T′ phase-pure MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = Se, Te) have recently been reported to be superconductors, Weyl semimetals, or quantum spin Hall insulators, the electronic properties of phase-pure 1T′-WS2 samples are still lacking thorough investigation. Here, we report the study of single-layer 1T′-WS2 nanosheets prepared from lithium exfoliation of WS2. We confirmed the composition and structure of single layer 1T′-WS2 flakes using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The distorted octahedral structure related to the 1T′ phase with a 2a × 2a superstructure is evidenced using STEM. Photoemission and electronic measurements uncover the presence of a narrow bandgap (>120 meV) in the 1T′-WS2 nanosheets, which is completely different from semiconducting bulk or single-layer 1H-WS2. The material is found to be ambipolar with a p-type nature. At low temperatures, a slow photoresponse is also observed.
The Impact of Morphological Processing and Feature Selection on Handwriting Recognition Accuracy

Handwriting or character recognition is one of the most challenging topics and the oldest application of pattern recognition. Till now, all the research progress and innovation has been made either regarding enhancing the preprocessing steps or via advancing the language modelling process. In this paper, we are presenting a combined method for Hiragana handwriting recognition through the exploration of morphological processing and features extraction. Our approach is tested in online mode and uses two different classifiers for evaluation, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN). The outcome of this investigation gave knowledge about the best combination and structure of the adequate method for performing a recognition accuracy of 90.3 percent on online test data not used in the training.
Solving system of integro differential equations using discrete adomian decomposition method

In this paper, we propose a new numerical method for solving system of integro-differential equations featuring Volterra and Fredholm integrals. The proposed method depends on the successful application of the Discrete Adomian Decomposition Method (DADM) to solve highly complicated functional equations coupled with some numerical integration schemes of Trapezoidal and Simpson rules. The scheme is further simulated with the aid of symbolic computation and demonstrated on some test problems. We then carried out error analysis in comparison with some existing methods revealed that the present method is superior due to the high level of accuracy and less computational steps.
Analytical solution for two equal collinear modified strip saturated cracks in 2‐D semipermeable piezoelectric media

An analytical solution and study is presented for two equal collinear cracks in 2‐D semipermeable piezoelectric media based on modified strip saturation models. The constant saturated condition defined in strip saturation model is modified here by considering the symmetric and polynomial varying saturation conditions. These proposed saturated conditions are multiplicative of saturated electric displacement value and polynomial (constant to cubic order) of a variable defined as ratio of distance of a point on saturated zone length to the extended half‐crack length. Moreover, these are interpolated on the basis of possible saturated values near the crack‐tips and zone tips. To present the analytical study, a problem of two cracks of equal length situated in series is considered in 2‐D arbitrary polarized infinite piezoelectric domain subjected to semipermeable crack‐face and electromechanical loading conditions. Applying the extended Stroh formalism and complex variable approach, these problems are mathematically modeled into non‐homogeneous Riemann Hilbert problems in terms of unknown complex functions representing stress and electric displacement components at any point within the domain. Using Muskhelishvili [1] and Collin's [2] mathematical techniques, these complex functions are obtained from the developed non‐homogeneous Riemann Hilbert problems. Hence, the explicit expressions for saturated zone lengths (inner and outer), crack opening potentials (COPs), crack opening displacements (CODs) and local stress intensity factors (LSIFs) are obtained. Further, the impact of polynomial varying saturated conditions is highlighted on these fracture parameters with respect to inter crack space distance, crack‐face conditions, polarization angle by presenting the numerical applications in infinite 2‐D PZT‐4 media.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Precision Metering Unit For Wheat Planting

Planting wheat crop at equal in rows distance between them can be accurately achieved, only when using vacuum precision planters (VPP). Accordingly, the grain metering device of imported precision vacuum planter under this study was developed for planting rows with 150 mm apart instead of 300 mm compared with other imported VPP in the market. The developed precision vacuum planter is tested in Gemeza Research Station (2013-2014) under three forward speeds (2.5, 3.1 and 4.8 km h), and four disc speeds 25 (0.28), 31 (0.34), 37 (0.41) and 49-rpm, (0.54 m/s). The dual interaction effect between different forward speeds and disc speeds resulted in 12 grain rates. The performance evaluation was conducted to determine the effect of the different grain rates (12 grain rates) on grain and straw yields. Measurements were taken for mean grain spacing, number of grains per meter square, grain miss index, grain multiple index, quality of feed index, spacing uniformity, the amount of grain rates /fed and grain and straw yields/fed was investigated under field conditions. The optimum parameters were obtained at 34 kg /fed grain rate with high grain yield (2.8 ton/fed) and straw yield (4.5 ton/fed). The developed precision vacuum planter for wheat grains reduced grain rate by 43.3 % of the recommended grain rate in Egypt (60 kg/fed) with obtaining similar grain yields when using 34, 41, 44 and 56 kg/fed grain rates. Therefore, the new developed grain metering vacuum device is considered an effective solution for precise controlling of grain rates per feddan that invade Egyptian wheat area.
Identifying the tangle of vortex tubes in homogeneous isotropic turbulence

We extend the vortex-surface field (VSF), whose isosurface is a vortex surface consisting of vortex lines, to identify vortex tubes and sheets in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The VSF at a time instant is constructed by solving a pseudo-transport equation. This equation is convected by a given instantaneous vorticity obtained from direct numerical simulation. In each pseudo-time step, we develop a novel local optimization algorithm to minimize a hybrid VSF constraint, balancing the accuracy and smoothness of VSF solutions. This key improvement makes the numerical construction of VSFs feasible for arbitrarily complex flow fields, as a general flow diagnostic tool. In the visualization of VSF isosurfaces in decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence, the initial curved vortex sheets first evolve into vortex tubes, and then the vortex tubes are stretched and tangled, constituting a complex network. Some vortex tubes exhibit helical geometry, which suggests the important role of vortex twisting in the generation of small-scale structures in energy cascade.
How to Move to Neural Machine Translation for Enterprise-Scale Programs - An Early Adoption Case Study

While Neural Machine Translation (NMT) technology has been around for a few years now in research and development, it is still in its infancy when it comes to customization readiness and experience with implementation on an enterprise scale with Language Service Providers (LSPs). For large, multi-language LSPs, it is therefore not only important to stay up-to-date on latest research on the technology as such, the best use cases, as well as main advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, due to this infancy, the challenges encountered during an early adoption of the technology in an enterprise-scale translation program are of a very practical and concrete nature and range from the quality of the NMT output over availability of language pairs in (customizable) NMT systems to additional translation workflow investments and considerations with regard to involving the supply chain. In an attempt to outline the above challenges and possible approaches to overcome them, this paper describes the migration of an established enterprise-scale machine translation program of 28 language pairs with post-editing from a Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) setup to NMT.
HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMA NEGERI 14 PALEMBANG

Prestasi belajar merupakan titik awal keberhasilan siswa di masa depan dan merupakan pertimbangan kemampuan bersaing siswa untuk melanjutkan sekolah, status gizi dapat berpengaruh terhadap kondisi fisik dan kemampuan siswa dalam mengikuti proses belajar, faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi prestasi belajar, antara lain faktor biologis, psikologis dan keadaan lingkungan siswa (Syafitri 2009). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi, dan kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar siswa . Jenis penelitian analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Populasi siswa kelas X dan XI, berjumlah 621 siswa. Sampel berjumlah 67 siswa. Data prestasi belajar ditentukan berdasarkan nilai rata-rata dengan mata pelajaran standar nasional, data asupan energi protein diperoleh melalui wawancara recall 3x24 jam, data status gizi diperoleh dengan metode antropometri BMI/U CDC dan kadar hemoglobin diperoleh melalui pemeriksaan metode Cyanmet hemoglobin. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan status gizi normal sebanyak 38 siswa (56,7%), Kadar hemoglobin normal sebanyak 38 siswa ( 56.7%), dan Prestasi belajar yang baik sebanyak 38 siswa (56.7%). Setelah di lakukan uji Chi-square maka tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dengan prestasi belajar siswa SMA Negeri 14 Palembang (p value = 0.379> 0.05). Ada hubungan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar siswa SMA Negeri 14 Palembang (p value = 0.046> 0.05).