Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intake of Antioxidant Nutrients and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in the Women's Health Initiative

Incidence rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) increased substantially in the United States and worldwide during the latter part of the 20th century, but little is known about the etiology of this condition. Antioxidant nutrients may reduce the risk of NHL by quenching free radicals, which may contribute to carcinogenesis by damaging DNA and lipid membranes. We examined the association of intake of vitamin A and antioxidant nutrients with risk of NHL and its major subtypes in 1,104 cases of NHL identified among 154,363 postmenopausal women followed for an average of 11 yr in the Women's Health Initiative. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of all nutrients examined, only total vitamin A intake (from diet and supplements combined) was inversely associated with risk of NHL overall (multivariate adjusted HR for highest vs. lowest quartile 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–0.99), whereas total vitamin C intake was inversely associated with risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HR for highest vs. lowest quartile 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.98). Overall, this study provides some evidence of inverse associations of intake of total vitamin A and total vitamin C with the risk of NHL and diffuse lymphoma, respectively.
Malnutrition Is High and Underestimated During Chemotherapy in Gastrointestinal Cancer: An AGEO Prospective Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study

Although malnutrition is known to be frequent in cancer patients, it has not been described in a selected population of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies under chemotherapy only. Physician judgment about malnutrition and risk factors for malnutrition were also evaluated. All consecutive in- and outpatients of 11 centers were prospectively enrolled in a cross-sectional 14-day period study and classified according to the French health recommendations [Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS)]. Among 313 patients enrolled in 11 centers (mean age = 63 yr; range = 21–93; 67% male) mainly with colorectal (58%), pancreatic (15%), gastric (11%), and hepatobiliary (10%) primary tumors, the prevalence of malnutrition was 52%. Moderate and severe malnutrition was present in 27% and 25% of cases, respectively. Physicians considered it in 36% and 6% of cases, respectively, thereby misclassifying 134 patients (43%). The agreement between the HAS definition and the physicians’ judgment was very low (κ = 0.30). Most of the patients who were identified as severely malnourished received no nutritional support. Performance status and pancreatic and gastric cancers were independently associated with malnutrition. Malnutrition levels are high, around 50%, unequally distributed according to the primitive tumor. It is still underestimated by physicians. Weight loss remains a clinically relevant, simple, and reliable marker of malnutrition.
SEDATION WITH DEXMEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE DURING ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION OF GASTRIC CANCER

Aim: Although the treatment of early gastric cancer with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely carried out, a standardized method of sedation for ESD has not been established. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sedation with dexmedetomidine (DEX).
Low Glycemic Load Experimental Diet More Satiating Than High Glycemic Load Diet

Effective strategies for reducing food intake are needed to reduce risk of obesity-related cancers. We investigated the effect of low and high glycemic load (GL) diets on satiety and whether satiety varied by body mass index (BMI), gender, and serum leptin. Eighty normal weight (BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and overweight/ obese (BMI = 28.0–40.0 kg/m2) adults participated in a randomized, crossover controlled feeding study testing low GL vs. high GL diets. The 28-day diets were isocaloric with identical macronutrient distributions, differing only in GL and fiber. Participants completed visual analog satiety surveys and fasting serum leptin after each 28-day period. T-tests compared mean within- and between-person satiety scores and leptin values. Participants reported 7% greater satiation on the low GL vs. the high GL diet (P = 0.03) and fewer food cravings on the low GL vs. the high GL diet (P < 0.001). Compared to males, females reported less hunger (P = 0.05) and more satiety on the low GL vs. the high GL diet (P < 0.01). Participants with low body fat (<25.0% for men; <32.0% for women) and BMI <25.0 kg/m2 reported study food was tastier on the low GL vs. the high GL diet (P = 0.04 and P = 0.05, respectively). In summary, reducing GL, and/or increasing fiber, may be an effective way to lower calories consumed, improve energy balance, and ultimately reduce cancer risk.
International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes

We appreciate the comment by Kilpatrick et al. (1) regarding the International Expert Committee report on the diagnosis of diabetes with the A1C assay (2). The Committee considered all of the limitations of the A1C assay for populations in which it is not available or is currently too expensive, as well as for individuals in whom the assay may be misleading. On the basis of these recognized limitations, the Committee emphasized the use of the currently recommended glucose tests and criteria in such populations or individuals. We did not “breeze over” any of the relative advantages or disadvantages of the A1C assay as a means of diagnosis; rather, the …
EUS‐FNA FOR PANCREATIC CYST LESION, TODAY AND TOMORROW IN THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND

Unlike endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) service, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) service in Thailand is at its elementary state. Currently, there are only 11 hospitals in Thailand carrying out EUS whereas there are more than 50 hospitals carrying out ERCP. This is a multicenter questionnaire survey that obtained information on EUS practice for pancreatic cysts. Of those 11 hospitals, only three hospitals provided enough number of patients with pancreatic cysts undergoing EUS. There were many differences in endosonographers opinions regarding specific information in the pancreatic cyst. In addition, the threshold to carry out and not to carry out fine needle aspiration are varies.
Evaluation of acetabular development after Dega acetabuloplasty in developmental dysplasia of the hip

The Dega acetabuloplasty is considered to be safe and effective in the treatment of hip pathologies, but the number of clinical follow-up series in the literature is not sufficient. The aim of our study was to identify the alterations in acetabular development in 35 patients (43 hips) with developmental dysplasia of the hip who were treated with Dega acetabuloplasty. This study is a retrospective review of 7 years of one surgeon’s experience with Dega acetabuloplasty performed between May 2002 and January 2010. A total of 35 patients (43 hips) were evaluated, with an average of 58 months (range 25–108 months) of follow-up. Dega acetabuloplasties that were performed for neuromuscular or other conditions and patients who had a follow-up period of less than 2 years were excluded. Open reduction was performed and femoral shortening or varus osteotomy was added whenever the surgeon considered it necessary. The preoperative mean acetabular index (AI) was 35° (range 27–53°), and the mean age of operation was 35 months (range 18–65 months). The mean AI in the early postoperative period was 20° (range 10–34°). At the last follow-up, all patients were pain-free and had unlimited physical activity with no limp, with an improvement in AI to 13° (range 5–23°). An improvement of 7° was observed in AI within the follow-up period. The maximum improvement was 17° and occurred within an 83-month period. In 42 of 43 (98%) of the hips, the AI improved; in one of 43 (2%) of the hips, it remained unchanged and in none of hips did the AI worsen over time. This study is one of the largest series in the English-language orthopedic literature to report that Dega osteotomy is effective in improving the AI and femoral coverage, and that the index further improves over the course of the follow-up period.
Quantum Histories and Quantum Complementarity

We discuss the origin of quantum complementarity using Feynman's sum-over-histories approach to Quantum Mechanics (QM). We analyze two experimental setups introduced by W. G. Unruh and S. Afshar and show how one should consistently calculate the existence of which-way information using interfering quantum histories. Then we discuss the possible problems associated with the notion of which way information and provide an explanation why Englert-Greenberger duality relation cannot be violated experimentally if the standard QM postulates are accepted.
Fucoidan Inhibited 4T1 Mouse Breast Cancer Cell Growth In Vivo and In Vitro Via Downregulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae and is known to possess anticancer properties. However, the relationship between fucoidan and β-catenin, one of the key components of the Wnt signaling pathway, in mouse breast cancer remains poorly characterized. In this study, mouse breast cancer cells (4T1) were exposed to fucoidan to investigate the relationship between fucoidan and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. We found that fucoidan significantly inhibited cell growth, increased cell death, and induced G1 cell cycle arrest in 4T1 cells. Fucoidan also reduced β-catenin expression and T cell factor/lymphoid-enhancing factor reporter activity. Furthermore, fucoidan downregulated the expression of downstream target genes such as c-myc, cyclin D1, and survivin. Intraperitoneal injection of fucoidan in tumor-bearing mice reduced the tumor volume and weight. Fucoidan induced aberrant downregulation of β-catenin in tumor tissues with a significant increase in apoptosis. Thus, our data suggested that fucoidan exerts its anticancer activity through downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Fucoidan may be an effective therapy for the chemoprevention and treatment of mouse breast cancer.
Dietary Patterns and Risk of Cancers of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Factor Analysis in Uruguay

In the time period 1996–2004, we conducted a case-control study in Montevideo, Uruguay with the objective of exploring the role of foods and alcoholic beverages in the etiology of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). In brief, 563 male cases and 1099 male controls were frequency matched on age and residence using random sampling. All the participants were drawn from the 4 major public hospitals in Montevideo. We used exploratory factor analysis among controls. Through Scree plot test, the model retained 4 factors, which were labeled as prudent, starchy plants, Western, and drinker. These dietary patterns explained 34.8% of the total variance. Whereas the prudent pattern was inversely associated with UADT cancer [odds ratios (OR) for the upper tertile vs. the lowest one 0.52, 95% confidence intervals 0.32–0.76, P value for trend = 0.0005), the remaining patterns were significantly and positively associated with UADT cancers. We conclude that these patterns were similar among the oral and laryngeal cancers, both in the direction of the ORs and in the magnitude of the associations, suggesting that these cancer sites share the effect of dietary patterns in the etiology of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract.
Effects of Phytoestrogen Extracts Isolated from Pumpkin Seeds on Estradiol Production and ER/PR Expression in Breast Cancer and Trophoblast Tumor Cells

Phytoestrogens have a controversial effect on hormone-dependent tumours. Herein, we investigated the effect of the pumpkin seed extract (PSE) on estradiol production and estrogen receptor (ER)-α/ER-β/progesterone receptor (PR) status on MCF7, Jeg3, and BeWo cells. The PSE was prepared and analyzed by mass spectrometry. MCF7, Jeg3, and BeWo cells were incubated with various concentrations of PSE. Untreated cells served as controls. Supernatants were tested for estradiol production with an ELISA method. Furthermore, the effect of the PSE on ER-α/ER-β/PR expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry. The PSE was found to contain both lignans and flavones. Estradiol production was elevated in MCF7, BeWo, and Jeg3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In MCF7 cells, a significant ER-α downregulation and a significant PR upregulation were observed. The above results after properly designed animal studies could highlight a potential role of pumpkin seed's lignans in breast cancer prevention and/or treatment.
Staff factors associated with perception of behaviour as 'challenging' in residential and nursing homes

Three hundred and twenty-six staff, working in 14 residential and nursing homes across England, were asked to rate their 'ease of management' on 14 vignettes of challenging resident behaviour. Multiple regression was used to examine the correlates of staff appraisal of their management of challenging behaviour, using over 30 staff variables. These included demographics, experience, stress, burnout, job satisfaction, knowledge of dementia and management practices in the home. Only staff anxiety, supervisor support and the potential to relate to residents as individuals predicted 'perceived management difficulty'. In any given home, there was great variation in staff perception, and overall, qualified staff appear to have greater difficulty in managing challenging behaviour, as compared with care assistants. The clinical significance of these results for psychogeriatric interventions that focus on advising care staff on the management of resident behaviour is discussed.
The Efficacy and Complications of 2-Hole 3.5 mm Reconstruction Plates and 4 mm Noncanulated Cancellous Screws for Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis Around the Knee

Background: Persistent angular deformities around the knee can lead to growth-plate damage in childhood and osteoarthritis in adulthood. The treatment options include osteotomy and hemiepiphysiodesis. Tension-band plate hemiepiphysiodesis with 8-plate is an effective way to correct these deformities. However, its high cost makes it less available in many countries. In the present series, we have used 3.5 mm reconstruction plates for tension-band temporary hemiepiphysiodesis. Methods: Twenty-one patients with bilateral angular deformities of the knee (42 extremities) underwent temporary hemiepiphysiodesis with 3.5 mm reconstruction plates. The diagnosis, BMI, weight, amount of correction of the deformity age, and device failure were analyzed. The mean follow-up period after plate removal was 17 months (ranging from 8 to 24 mo). Results: The mean age of the patients was 10 years and 3 months (±2 y and 10 mo). Complete correction of the deformities was achieved in 86% of patients. Of the 58 plate and screw constructs, 10% had screw breakage. Patients with genu valgum had 2 screw failures (6.25%), but in the genu varum group there were 4 screw failures (40%). Of the 3 patients who did not have complete correction of the deformities, 2 had mucopolysaccharidosis and 1 was nearing skeletal maturity (16 y old). The age of the patient, body weight, BMI, and degrees of angulation did not have any statistically significant correlation with the screw failure. Screw failures in female patients were more common than in male patients. All implant failures occurred in idiopathic patients. Conclusions: The efficacy of 3.5 mm reconstruction plates for temporary hemiepiphysiodesis around the knee is similar to that of 8-plates. However, the reconstruction plates have a lower cost and are easily available. Noncanulated 3.5 or 4.5 mm cortical screws seem to be superior to 4 mm noncanulated cancellous screws. Level of Evidence: Level 3.
Diet, Helicobacter pylori Strain-Specific Infection, and Gastric Cancer Risk Among Chinese Men

Evidence for the association of diet and gastric cancer is equivocal, and the majority of previous studies have not evaluated the interaction of diet and infection with Helicobacter pylori, the leading risk factor for gastric cancer. We examined these associations among 226 cases and 451 controls nested within a prospective cohort. Dietary intakes were calculated from validated food frequency questionnaires. Blood levels of 15 antibodies to Helicobacter pylori proteins were assessed using multiplex serology. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression. Among individuals infected with high-risk Helicobacter pylori (sero-positivity to 5–6 virulent H. pylori proteins), increasing intake of red meat, heme iron, and sodium increased risk (comparing highest tertile to lowest: ORs [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 1.85 [1.01–3.40]; 1.95 [1.06–3.57]; and 1.76 [0.91–3.43], respectively) while increasing intake of fruit decreased gastric cancer risk (comparing highest tertile of intake to lowest: OR [95% CI]: 0.52 [0.28–0.94]). No associations of diet with risk were found among individuals infected with low-risk H. pylori (P for interaction for red meat and sodium: 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). In this population with over 90% prevalence of CagA-positive H. pylori infection, categorizing individuals using H. pylori multiplex serology may identify individuals for whom a diet intervention may be effective.
The use of Matrix group therapy in alcohol dependent patients : Two-year follow-up

Objective The matrix model was originally developed for stimulant-dependent patients. This study evaluated the results of applying the model with alcohol-dependent patients by follow-up the participants for two years. Materials and methods This study carried out at an outpatient clinic. The treatment model was firstly run for the, at that moment, high epidemic amphetamine abuse and dependent patients. It was later applied with other dependent behaviors including alcohol-dependence. Participants were alcohol-dependent patients visiting a psychiatric outpatient clinic and those whom finished detoxification from inpatient setting. The intervention consisted of three main group activities, i.e. early recovery group 8 sessions, relapse prevention group 32 sessions and family education group 12 sessions. The group activities ran three times a week starting from 15 pm to 16.30 pm. The contents of treatment activities were modified for suitably applying with alcohol-dependent patients. The therapists were a psychiatrist and a psychiatric nurse or a psychologist trained in running group therapy with the matrix model. The outcome was patientus drinking status classified as ccleane cslipe and crelapsee assessed by direct and/or telephone interview at 1, 4, 8 and 24 months after leaving the program. Two calumnie meetings were set up biannually for all group members to learn and share their experiences, and program evaluation.
A study on bacterial profile of burn wound infections

Aim: This study was conducted to find out the bacterial aetiological agents of burn wound infections with antimicrobial testing of the bacterial isolates. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study of 203 patients with burn wound infections at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram during the period January 2010 to April 2011. The specimens were cultured using aerobic microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to different agents was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Results: Cultures from burn wound revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most common organism followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. There was a high rate of multidrug-resistant organisms. However, all the staphylococci were susceptible to Vancomycin and the gram negatives were susceptible to Carbapenems. Conclusion: Collection of appropriate specimens for culture before starting of antibiotics helps in better management, along with isolation precautions. However close follow-up and repeat specimens are necessary for appropriate change in antibiotics. For empiric treatment Vancomycin and Imipenem appear to be a good combination in this hospital.
Effect of Oncoxin Oral Solution in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer

One of the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes includes tumors with high expression of HER2. Gene expression and functional studies have shown a link between HER2 overexpression and oxidative stress. Because of this, we hypothesized that Oncoxin Oral Solution (OOS), a composite product that contains several antioxidants, could have an antitumoral effect against HER2+ tumors. Dose-response studies, biochemical and cytometric assessment of the effect of OOS on cell cycle and apoptosis, and drug combination analyses were performed on BT474 and SKBR3 cells, 2 HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines. OOS reduced the proliferation of these cells, and augmented the action of lapatinib, a HER2 inhibitor used in the breast cancer clinic. Moreover, OOS decreased growth of HER2+ tumors in mice. Mechanistically, OOS provoked cell cycle blockade through upregulation of p27 expression and downregulation of cyclin D levels. OOS also caused apoptotic cell death in HER2+ breast cancer cells, as indicated by increases in PARP cleavage as well as upregulation of caspase 8 and caspase 3 activities. These results demonstrate an antitumoral action of OOS in preclinical models of HER2+ breast cancer and suggest that it can be used with anti-HER2 therapies currently adopted as standard of care in the oncology clinic.
The effects of non-pharmacological interventions on fatigue in four chronic illness conditions: a critical review

Abstract Central fatigue is a prevalent symptom in many neurological and non-neurological conditions. Pharmacological therapy may have limited effects on fatigue; furthermore, pharmacological therapies designed to combat primary disease may also contribute to the experience of fatigue. This review identified and critically reviewed non-pharmacological interventions, frequently or occasionally used in physiotherapy practice, for fatigue in four chronic health conditions: multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cancer and human immunovirus/autoimmune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Despite promising evidence for the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on fatigue in the cancer population, there is less evidence for exercise intervention in multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cancer and HIV/AIDS. There is promising evidence for energy management of fatigue in multiple sclerosis and cancer. There is little evidence for the effects of complementary and alternative interventions on fatigue in all populations and no evidence for the effects of any non-pharmacological intervention on fatigue in Parkinson's disease.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of cyclic peptidotriazoles derived from BPC194 as novel agents for plant protection

The search for novel antimicrobial agents to be used for plant protection has prompted us to design analogues incorporating non‐natural amino acids. Herein, we designed and synthesized cyclic peptidotriazoles derived from the lead antimicrobial cyclic peptide c(Lys‐Lys‐Leu3‐Lys‐Lys5‐Phe‐Lys‐Lys‐Leu‐Gln) (BPC194). In particular, Leu3 and Lys5 were replaced by a triazolyl alanine, a triazolyl norleucine or a triazolyl lysine. These peptides were screened for their antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, Erwinia amylovora, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, for their hemolysis and for their phytotoxicity. Results showed that the type of triazolyl amino acid and the substituent present at the triazole influenced the antibacterial and hemolytic activities. Moreover, the position of this residue was also crucial for the hemolysis. The lead compounds BPC548 and BPC550 exhibited high antibacterial activity (MIC of 3.1 to 25 μM), low hemolysis (19 and 26% at 375 μM, respectively) and low phytotoxicity. Therefore, these analogues could be used as new leads for the development of effective agents to control pathogenic bacteria responsible for plant diseases of economic importance.