Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employees on the Minimum Wage in the Republic of Ireland

This paper updates the profile of earnings and minimum wage workers released in July 2015 (Collins, 2015a). Based on an analysis of hourly earnings data for 2014, this paper estimates the number of workers on the minimum wage and further profiles these workers by gender, by the sector they work in and by their employment status. The data also allows an examination of the household/family circumstances of workers on the Minimum Wage. Of the approximate 70,000 workers on the minimum wage, most are women (73%), most are aged in their 20s and 30s and large proportions of these employees work in sectors such as accommodation and food and wholesale and retail. Relative to employees in general, minimum wage workers are more likely to be on temporary contracts, work less than 20 hours per week, work part-time and be in the private sector. Overall, those on the minimum wage represent 5% of all employees, with 34,000 working full-time on the minimum wage. Establishing a profile of the lowest paid workers in society facilitates a better understanding of the labour market and the socio-economic context of current considerations of changes to the minimum wage. This version: 12th July 2016 * The author wishes to acknowledge the provision of SILC data from the CSO and comments regarding this research from NERI colleagues. The paper updates an analysis published in 2015. The usual disclaimer applies. All correspondents to mcollins@NERInstitute.net
Controversies in cardiovascular medicine Why are we failing to implement effective therapies in cardiovascular disease ?

Worldwide, there are 18 million deaths each year from cardiovascular disease and at least 2–3 times as many experience non-fatal cardiovascular events. Numerous evidence-based prevention and management guideline recommendations for cardiovascular disease are available. However, significant gaps between the evidence and its implementation persist (‘evidence–practice gap’). There exist ‘under-use’ gaps with lack of implementation of proven effective strategies and ‘over-use’ gaps with inappropriate use of strategies with strong evidence against, or insufficient evidence for their effectiveness and safety. To better tackle the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), more effective strategies are needed. We discuss three selected areas where advances in implementation research for CVD could provide improvements. First, a better assessment and understanding of the most important modifiable context-specific barriers to evidence-based care will allow optimal tailoring of interventions to overcome them. Second, novel community intervention strategies from outside current CVD research should be considered, especially for CVD areas where major barriers exist and little progress has been made. Examples of such interventions include cell phone text messaging, non-physician health workers for the delivery community CVD care in areas of need, and low-cost single-pill combination CVD therapy. Third, increasing our understanding of successful implementation and sustainability of improvements is essential for CVD as a widespread chronic disease. Learning how to better implement effective therapies for CVD will have a larger effect on patient outcomes than most single new drugs and is a priority for tackling the global burden of CVD.
Micro-Heater on Membrane with Large Uniform-Temperature Area

In this paper, the thermal performance of a heater on membrane was analyzed from a ring heater by a conventional simplified model. Some preliminary principles of the structure design are concluded for heaters working in vacuum or in atmosphere. According to the principles, an optimized heater structure is demonstrated, and the coupled thermal-electrical finite element method (ANSYS) is employed to simulate the structures. Experimental results indicated that the temperature distributions are quite in agreement with the simulations with large uniform-temperature area.
Determinasi Audit Internal Dalam Mewujudkan Good Corporate Governance Serta Implikasinya Pada Kinerja Bank

The objective of the research was to find out the effect of internal audit on good corporate governance and itsimpact to performance of government bank Tasikmalaya regency. The method used in the research was censusmethod with descriptive explanatory approach. The data collecting technique used to obtain the primary datawas through interviews and by means of questionnaire. Path analysis was used to analyze the data.The resultsshowed that: the internal audit gave positive and significant effect on good corporate governance, the internalaudit and good corporate governance, partially and simultaneously gave positive and significant effect onperformance of government bank Tasikmalaya regency.
A clinical comparison of SIDS and explained sudden infant deaths: how healthy and how normal?

OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical characteristics associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and explained sudden unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI). DESIGN Three year population based, case control study with parental interviews for each death and four age matched controls. SETTING Five regions in England (population, > 17 million; live births, > 470 000). SUBJECTS SIDS: 325 infants; explained SUDI: 72 infants; controls: 1588 infants. RESULTS In the univariate analysis, all the clinical features and health markers at birth, after discharge from hospital, during life, and shortly before death, significant among the infants with SIDS were in the same direction among the infants who died of explained SUDI. In the multivariate analysis, at least one apparent life threatening event had been experienced by more of the infants who died than in controls (SIDS: 12% v 3% controls; odds ratio (OR) = 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02 to 6.41; explained SUDI: 15% v 4% controls; OR = 16.81; 95% CI, 2.52 to 112.30). Using a retrospective illness scoring system based on “Baby Check”, both index groups showed significant markers of illness in the last 24 hours (SIDS: 22%v 8% controls; OR = 4.17; 95% CI, 1.88 to 9.24; explained SUDI: 49% v 8% controls; OR = 31.20; 95% CI, 6.93 to 140.5). CONCLUSIONS The clinical characteristics of SIDS and explained SUDI are similar. Baby Check might help identify seriously ill babies at risk of sudden death, particularly in high risk infants. Key messages There are clinical features and health markers characterising increased vulnerability of infants who die suddenly and unexpectedly that are evident at birth, during life, and just before death These features, important among the infants with sudden infant death syndrome, are in the same direction among the explained sudden unexpected deaths Clinical features common to both groups of explained and unexplained deaths after controlling for possible confounders included a higher prevalence of an apparent life threatening event and ill health in the 24 hours before death “Baby Check” might help identify seriously ill babies at risk of sudden death, particularly in high risk infants
The efficacy of three objective systems for identifying beef cuts that can be guaranteed tender.

The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of three objective systems (prototype BeefCam, colorimeter, and slice shear force) for identifying guaranteed tender beef. In Phase I, 308 carcasses (105 Top Choice, 101 Low Choice, and 102 Select) from two commercial plants were tested. In Phase II, 400 carcasses (200 rolled USDA Select and 200 rolled USDA Choice) from one commercial plant were tested. The three systems were evaluated based on progressive certification of the longissimus as "tender" in 10% increments (the best 10, 20, 30%, etc., certified as "tender" by each technology; 100% certification would mean no sorting for tenderness). In Phase I, the error (percentage of carcasses certified as tender that had Warner-Bratzler shear force of > or = 5 kg at 14 d postmortem) for 100% certification using all carcasses was 14.1%. All certification levels up to 80% (slice shear force) and up to 70% (colorimeter) had less error (P < 0.05) than 100% certification. Errors in all levels of certification by prototype BeefCam (13.8 to 9.7%) were not different (P > 0.05) from 100% certification. In Phase I, the error for 100% certification for USDA Select carcasses was 30.7%. For Select carcasses, all slice shear force certification levels up to 60% (0 to 14.8%) had less error (P < 0.05) than 100% certification. For Select carcasses, errors in all levels of certification by colorimeter (20.0 to 29.6%) and by BeefCam (27.5 to 31.4%) were not different (P > 0.05) from 100% certification. In Phase II, the error for 100% certification for all carcasses was 9.3%. For all levels of slice shear force certification less than 90% (for all carcasses) or less than 80% (Select carcasses), errors in tenderness certification were less than (P < 0.05) for 100% certification. In Phase II, for all carcasses or Select carcasses, colorimeter and prototype BeefCam certifications did not significantly reduce errors (P > 0.05) compared to 100% certification. Thus, the direct measure of tenderness provided by slice shear force results in more accurate identification of "tender" beef carcasses than either of the indirect technologies, prototype BeefCam, or colorimeter, particularly for USDA Select carcasses. As tested in this study, slice shear force, but not the prototype BeefCam or colorimeter systems, accurately identified "tender" beef.
Seasonal and annual stem respiration of Scots pine trees under boreal conditions.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stem respiration of trees is a major, but poorly assessed component of the carbon balance of forests, and important for geo-chemistry. Measurements are required under naturally changing seasonal conditions in different years. Therefore, intra- and inter-annual carbon fluxes of stems in forests were measured continuously from April to November in three consecutive years. METHODS Stem respiratory CO2 fluxes of 50-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees were continuously measured with a CO2 analyser, and, concomitantly, stem circumference, stem and air temperature and other environmental factors and photosynthesis, were also measured automatically. KEY RESULTS There were diurnal, seasonal and inter-annual changes in stem respiration, which peaked at 1600 h during the day and was highest in July. The temperature coefficient of stem respiration (Q10) was greater during the growing season than when growth was slow or had stopped, and more sensitive to temperature in the growing season. The annual Q10 remained relatively constant at about 2 over the three years, while respiration at a reference temperature of 15 degrees C (R15) was higher in the growing than in the non-growing season (1.09 compared with 0.78 micromol m(-2) stem surface s(-1)), but was similar between the years. Maintenance respiration was 76 %, 82 % and 80 % of the total respiration of 17.46, 17.26 and 19.35 mol m2 stem surface in 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. The annual total stem respiration of the stand per unit ground area was 75.97 gC m(-2) in 2001 and 74.28 gC m(-2) in 2002. CONCLUSIONS Stem respiration is an important component in the annual carbon balance of a Scots pine stand, contributing 9 % to total carbon loss from the ecosystem and consuming about 8 % of the carbon of the ecosystem gross primary production. Stem (or air) temperature was the most important predictor of stem carbon flux. The magnitude of stem respiration is modified by photosynthesis and tree growth. Solar radiation indirectly affects stem respiration through its effect on photosynthesis.
An investigation of episodic foresight ability in users of illicit substances

The overall objective of this research project was to investigate the cognitive ability of episodic foresight in various drug-using populations. Episodic foresight refers to the uniquely human ability to mentally project the self into the future and preexperience an event. The first study (in press) was designed to address an identified gap in our understanding of episodic foresight in long-term opiate users. A group of long term opiate users (n = 48) and a group of matched controls (n = 48) were compared on episodic foresight, and the contribution of memory and executive function to this ability were investigated. The results of the first study identified specific episodic foresight impairment in the context of chronic opiate use which was not secondary to memory or executive control processing. Given these findings and recent literature that has begun to explore the cognitive and neural underpinnings of episodic foresight, the primary objective of the second study was to explore whether the deficit in episodic foresight among long-term opiate users identified in Study 1 may be attributable to compromised scene construction and/or self-projection abilities, both of which have been implicated in similar deficits observed in other clinical samples. This study assessed a group of long-term opiate users (n = 35) and demographically matched controls (n = 35). The results confirmed the episodic foresight deficit, and identified a specific impairment in self-projection. The third study aimed to assess whether an episodic foresight deficit would be observed in substance users at the less severe end of the spectrum of substance use. The third study assessed recreational cannabis users (n = 25) and demographically matched controls (n = 45). The results indicated no episodic foresight impairment in this group. Overall, the results of this research project suggest that compromised episodic foresight is apparent in the context of chronic but not recreational substance use. A EPISODIC FORESIGHT AND DRUG USE 4 breakdown in episodic foresight may therefore represent an important potential mechanism that may contribute to the poor functional, social, and treatment outcomes often associated with chronic substance use. EPISODIC FORESIGHT AND DRUG USE 5
Environmental Management Systems and Financial Performance: The Case of Listed Companies in Mauritius

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between environmental management practices adopted by listed firms on the Stock exchange of Mauritius and their impact, if any, on their financial performance. A content analysis of annual reports of the listed companies over the period 2011 to 2014 to determine the level of environmental management systems (EMS) is implemented by the local firms. For the purpose of this research, the environmental management practices were classified into 6 categories namely pollution control, waste reduction, recycling, cutting use of energy, cutting paper consumption and carbon footprint reduction based on extant literature. The study reveals that there is an insignificant relationship between environmental management practices and financial performance except for cutting use of energy which generated a significant relationship. The results are in line with studies by [1] who found that companies tend to be more environmentally conscious due to compliance rather than a voluntary basis or to reap corporate benefits. In addition, [2] states that since the reduction of waste water, air emission and other pollution cannot be detected and measured, it is difficult to assess the relationship between these two variables.
Plasma cell giant lymph node hyperplasia responding to radiation therapy.

Introduction Giant lymph node hypemplasia was first described by Castleman et al. [1] in 1956. Since then this lesion has been reported under various synonyms, including lymph nodal hamartoma, folliculan lymphometiculoma, angiofolliculam mediastinal lymph node hypenplasia, and angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma [2]. Giant lymph node hypemplasia has been described as a benign lesion, most common in the mediastinum. About 71% of lesions are within the chest [3], but they are also found in extnathoracic sites, usually where lymph nodes are found. However, six were found in muscle [2]. Giant lymph node hypemplasia may present as an asymptomatic mass on a chest film or as a palpable mass. Two patterns have been described after histopathologic study. The hyaline vascular type is the most frequent, occurring in 80%-91#{176}/oof the cases [2, 3]. The other pattern is the plasma cell type which occurred in 9%-20% of the reported cases [2, 3]. Whereas only 3% of patients with the hyaline vascular type were symptomatic [3], 50% of the patients with plasma cell variant had one or more symptoms, including anemia-either mild with nommochnomic nonmocytic cells, or severe with hypochromic microcytic ned cells [3-5]. One possible mechanism for the anemia is an antiemythmopoietic factor produced by the lesion [6]. Other possible symptoms indude fever, fatigue , sweating , hypengammaglobulinemia, elevated a2 globulin , leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, splenomegaly, peripheral lymphadenopathy, elevated alkaline phosphatase, growth failure, and nephrotic syndrome [3, 5, 7]. While the etiology of the lymph node hypenplasia is unknown, the clinical and histologic features are similar to those seen in inflammation [3]. If an infectious agent is responsible, a respiratory route could possibly account for the high percentage of the lesions (71%) appearing in the tracheobmonchial tree [3]. It has been postulated that the plasma cell type is the earlier active stage of the disease and the hyaline vascular type, the end stage [3, 8]. This would support the theory of an infectious etiology and could explain why symptoms are most often associated with the plasma cell variant. The lesions have been described as nadioresistant [3]. Treatment of choice has been surgical resection with resolution of symptoms. We report a patient in whom radiation therapy produced prompt palliation of unmesectable giant lymph node hyperplasia.
A Geometric Approach to Active Learning for Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to many recognition and learning tasks using a universal recipe; training a deep model on a very large dataset of supervised examples. However, this approach is rather restrictive in practice since collecting a large set of labeled images is very expensive. One way to ease this problem is coming up with smart ways for choosing images to be labelled from a very large collection (i.e. active learning) In this paper, we first show that uncertainty based active learning heuristics are not effective for CNNs even in an oracle setting. Our counterintuitive empirical results make us question these heuristics and inspire us to come up with a simple but effective method, choosing a set of images to label such that they cover the set of unlabeled images as closely as possible. We further present a theoretical justification for this geometric heuristic by giving a bound over the generalization error of CNNs. Our experiments show that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing approaches in image classification experiments by a large margin.
Reducing Rice Seed Storage Protein Accumulation Leads to Changes in Nutrient Quality and Storage Organelle Formation1[W][OA]

Rice (Oryza sativa) seed storage proteins (SSPs) are synthesized and deposited in storage organelles in the endosperm during seed maturation as a nitrogen source for germinating seedlings. We have generated glutelin, globulin, and prolamin knockdown lines and have examined their effects on seed quality. A reduction of one or a few SSP(s) was compensated for by increases in other SSPs at both the mRNA and protein levels. Especially, reduction of glutelins or sulfur-rich 10-kD prolamin levels was preferentially compensated by sulfur-poor or other sulfur-rich prolamins, respectively, indicating that sulfur-containing amino acids are involved in regulating SSP composition. Furthermore, a reduction in the levels of 13-kD prolamin resulted in enhancement of the total lysine content by 56% when compared with the wild type. This observation can be mainly accounted for by the increase in lysine-rich proteins. Although reducing the level of glutelins slightly decreased protein storage vacuoles (PSVs), the simultaneous reduction of glutelin and globulin levels altered the inner structure of PSVs, implicating globulin in framing PSV formation. Knock down of 13-kD prolamins not only reduced the size of endoplasmic reticulum-derived protein bodies (PBs) but also altered the rugged peripheral structure. In contrast, PBs became slightly smaller or unchanged by severe suppression of 10- or 16-kD prolamins, respectively, indicating that individual prolamins have distinct functions in the formation of PBs. Extreme increases or decreases in sulfur-poor prolamins resulted in the production of small PBs, suggesting that the ratio of individual prolamins is crucial for proper aggregation and folding of prolamins.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Crataegus species Collected from Different Regions of Turkey

Crataegus species (Rosaceae), known as “Howthorn” have found special medicinal use for the treatment of mild heart diseases. This work aims to measure the antioxidant capacities of various Crataegus species growing in Turkey. In this study, the flowers and leaves from 52 samples belonging to 17 taxa of 14 Crataegus species naturally growing in Turkey have been investigated for their antioxidant activity/capacity. Four different methods (CUPRAC, FRAP, ABTS/Persulfate and Folin: FCR assays) were used for determination of the antioxidant capacities of the samples. The leaves and the flowers of the plants were studied separately. Samples representing the same species collected from different locations were studied separately. The results have indicated that the samples differing by some minor morphological characteristics exhibit considerably different antioxidant capacities. Among the flower samples, the most effective species was C. × sinaica Boiss. nothosubsp. sinaica and among the leaf samples C. pentagyna Waldst and Kit. ex. Willd. were the most active. Generally, C. monogyna Jacq. samples have exhibited markedly high antioxidant activity. Moreover, the species collected from Bolu district (surrounded by several forests and lakes) have shown significantly high activity regardless of the species differences among the samples.
Seven DNA polymorphisms in the LDL receptor gene: application to the study of familial hypercholesterolemia in Spain

We have performed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis at the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) locus in order to investigate the molecular genetics of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Spain. Firstly, a sample of 50 unrelated patients with a clinical diagnosis of FH was screened for the presence of major rearrangements at this locus by Southern blot analysis of BgtII digested genomic DNA. Four different mutations were detected, accounting for 8% of the mutant alleles in the Spanish FH sample. Then, we determined the relative allele frequency and estimated linkage disequilibrium between seven RFLPs of the LDLR gene in the remaining 46 FH patients and in 61 normolipidemic controls. Hindi, Avail, PvuII, MspI, and NcoI are the most polymorphic sites with individual PIC values higher than 0.28, whereas the TaqI and StuI sites display low levels of polymorphism. The usefulness of the seven RFLPs to confirm a clinical diagnosis of FH was investigated in 15 FH‐families, consisting of 118 individuals, in whom the presence of Familial Defective Apolipoprotein B‐100 (FDB) due to the apoB3500 mutation was excluded. Independent haplotypes were constructed for 71 chromosomes: 15 FH and 56 control haplotypes. A total of 14 different haplotypes was found. In 12 families, clinical diagnosis of FH was confirmed by cosegregation analysis, which makes these RFLPs useful for studying the inheritance of the LDLR gene in 80% of Spanish families with FH. Comparison of haplotypes found in the Spanish sample with those found in Swiss and Norwegians suggests heterogeneity of haplotypes among European populations.