Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of psychological capital of accounting students on their job performance

Larger organizational developments originate from unlimited intellectual abilities. An applied, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted, and qualitative data were gathered. The study population included MA accounting students in Yazd and Kermanshah provinces (2015), who were also busy in the accounting profession. Methodology: Due to the high population size, the study sample was determined using Cochran formula and simple random sampling method. Accordingly, 284 individuals were selected. Field data collection, library, and questionnaires were used for data collection. A standard questionnaire, reliability of which was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.882), was used. Of questionnaires distributed, 273 questionnaires were usable in the statistical analysis. SPSS 16 software and structural equation modeling software, Smart PLS 2, were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated a significant influence of accounting students’ psychological capital on their quality of work life and job performance. Conclusion: The results showed that the three components of psychological capital (hope, efficacy, and resistance) had a significant impact on job performance of accounting students, but optimism component had no significant effect on accounting students’ job performance.
Measuring higher level physical function in well-functioning older adults: expanding familiar approaches in the Health ABC study.

BACKGROUND To evaluate development and progression of functional limitation and retain comparability with established approaches, we raised the measurement ceiling of commonly used self-report and performance-based measures of function. This study evaluated the utility and concurrent validity of these expanded measures. METHODS The study population consisted of 3075 black and white men and women aged 70 to 79 years, with no reported mobility limitations or disability, participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition, or Health ABC study. Self-report measures were expanded by ascertaining ease of performance and including more demanding levels of some tasks. A single foot stand and narrow walk supplemented an established performance battery. For walking endurance, we developed the Long Distance Corridor Walk (LDCW), which includes distance covered in 2 minutes and the time to walk 400 m. RESULTS The expanded self-report items identified one half of the men and one third of the women as exceptionally well functioning and 10% to 13% of men and 21% to 36% of women with lower capacity. The supplemented and rescored performance battery discriminated function over the full range. The LDCW further differentiated walking capacity at the high end and also identified a subgroup with limitations. The self-report and performance measures were significantly, but weakly, correlated (0.13-0.35) and were independent predictors of walking endurance. CONCLUSIONS Well-functioning persons in their 70s exhibit a broad range of functional capacity readily ascertained by expanded self-report and performance tests. Significant associations among these measures support their concurrent validity, but generally weak correlations indicate they tap different, but important, dimensions of physical function.
Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, Lyme Disease and Tinea Versicolor: All caused by Microbes but none a Classic Infection

There is a possibility for a role of biofilms in the pathogenesis and chronicity of atopic dermatitis, plaque psoriasis, Lyme disease and tinea versicolor. In atopic dermatitis, plaque psoriasis and Lyme disease, there is evidence to suggest that biofilm-mediated Toll-like-receptor 2 recruitment and activation of the MyD88 pathway is essential. There is also evidence to suggest involvement of the adaptive immune system. Conversely, tinea versicolor does not seem to activate innate nor adaptive immunity, presumably an explanation for its more benign and generally asymptomatic course. Existing evidence for biofilms in the aforementioned diseases is reviewed, and possible links to immune responses, or lack thereof, are postulated. All of this is in sharp contrast with acute microbial infections.
Intestinal glucose transport: evidence for a membrane traffic-based pathway in humans.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The presence of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) molecules in the basolateral membrane of enterocytes has long been considered to be of major importance for intestinal glucose absorption. The aim of this study was to reevaluate the role of GLUT2 in a patient with congenital GLUT2 deficiency (Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, FBS). METHODS Oral mono- and disaccharide tolerance tests including gaschromatographic determination of breath hydrogen concentrations were performed in an FBS patient. For comparison, a patient with a microsomal carbohydrate transport defect, glucose-6-phosphate translocase 1 (G6PT1) deficiency, and a control individual were investigated. RESULTS No increase in breath hydrogen concentration was found in the GLUT2-deficient patient after a glucose load. In G6PT1 deficiency, basal hydrogen concentrations were repeatedly found to be elevated. CONCLUSIONS From the fact that a GLUT2-deficient patient does not show any impairment of intestinal monosaccharide transport measurable by the hydrogen breath test, we conclude that mechanisms other than facilitative glucose transport by GLUT2 must be involved in the transport of monosaccharides at the basolateral membrane of enterocytes. When relating this observation to the high intestinal expression of human hexokinase, G6PT1, and glucose-6-phosphatase and to our results of oral carbohydrate tolerance tests in a G6PT1-deficient patient, there is evidence that a microsomal membrane traffic-based transport pathway, as recently suggested for GLUT2-deficient animals, also plays a major role in transcellular monosaccharide transport of the human intestine.
Progression and Cessation of Collapse in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Thirty-five patients (54 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head without collapse or only with a crescent sign were followed up for at least 5 years to clarify the natural course of osteonecrosis. During the followup, 28 hips (52%) in 21 patients collapsed including nine hips in nine patients with small necrotic lesions occupying less than the medial ⅔ of the weightbearing area. Cessation of collapse then was observed in 15 (14 patients) of the 28 hips (54%), especially in eight of the nine hips (89%) with small necrotic lesions. Of the 15 hips in 14 patients with cessation of collapse, 11 hips (73%) in 11 patients had less than 2 mm collapse and 10 hips in nine patients became asymptomatic. The analysis indicated that collapse of the femoral head does not necessarily determine a poor prognosis, and even after collapse occurs, subsequent cessation of collapse can be expected in a certain percentage of hips. Hips with less than 2 mm collapse and necrotic lesions occupying less than the medial ⅔ of the weightbearing area have a high chance of cessation of collapse and improvement of symptoms with no surgical intervention.
Reduction of Particulate Air Pollution Lowers the Risk of Heritable Mutations in Mice

Urban and industrial air pollution can cause elevated heritable mutation rates in birds and rodents. The relative importance of airborne particulate matter versus gas-phase substances in causing these genetic effects under ambient conditions has been unclear. Here we show that high-efficiency particulate-air (HEPA) filtration of ambient air significantly reduced heritable mutation rates at repetitive DNA loci in laboratory mice housed outdoors near a major highway and two integrated steel mills. These findings implicate exposure to airborne particulate matter as a principal factor contributing to elevated mutation rates in sentinel mice and add to accumulating evidence that air pollution may pose genetic risks to humans and wildlife.
Utility of C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin for Detecting Bloodstream Infection in Patients with HIV/AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons, are at high risk for developing a bloodstream infection. In order to evaluate the usefulness of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PTC) in the detection of bloodstream infection in HIV, a case-control study was conducted from February to December 2012. PCT and CPR levels were measured in 2 groups. PCT concentrations were measured by the VIDAS® Brahms PCT assay, and CRP concentrations were determined by CRP latex. Values were calculated for both biomarkers and discriminative ability of PCT and CRP was analyzed using ROC curves. There were no significant differences between the study group and the control groups with respect to CRP levels. However, they were much higher PCT levels in patients with bacteremia. PCT showed greater discriminating ability compared to CRP, and proved to be a valuable tool for the detection of systemic bacterial infections in HIV infected patients.
The Eyes as Window to the Mind.

In this issue,Moriuchi et al. report on a fascinating study (1) on a long-standing question: Why do children with autism look less at other people’s eyes, relative to typically developing children? The authors pit two theories against each other: gaze aversion and gaze indifference. Their results point to the latter, not the former, although the question of why remains. One now quite old idea is that children with autism don’t see other people’s eyes as a window to the mind (2). Their well-established difficulties in attributing mental states to other people may mean that they see other people’s eyes as parts within the face that move, but they struggle to interpret what thesemoving partsmean.Whereas the typical child pays a lot of attention to where others are looking because they understand that what someone looks at indicates their mental state (what that person is interested in), children with autism maynot appreciate the mentalistic significance of a person’s eyes. Nor might people with autism understand that a person’s eyes are a reflection of a range of mental states—cognitive, volitional, or affective. Considerhowwhenwe try to interpret a person’s basic emotions, such as happy, sad, angry, afraid, disgust, or surprise (Figure 1A), people with or without autism score equallywell if they are presentedwith the eyes or the mouth, although seeing the whole face leads to better performance. But when the task is to judge a complex emotion, such as arrogant, guilt, thoughtful, or revenge (Figure 1B), seeing the eyes alone results in as good performance as seeing the whole face, and both eyes and whole face are better than the mouth alone. Moreover, on such challenging tests, adults with Asperger’s syndrome show impaired performance when shown just the eyes. Using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, collecting data online, our group found that the impairment in autism is very clear, as is the sex difference (female superiority) in typical participants and the absence of any sex difference in autism (4), confirming earlier studies (5, 6) (Figure 2). Performance on the Eyes test is associated with activity in the amygdala and in the left inferior frontal gyrus (7, 8); the female advantage on the test is associated with greater activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the autistic deficit is associated with reduced activity in this same area. This deficit is also seen in parents of such children, suggesting that it arises for genetic reasons (9, 10). Lesion studies confirm the importance of these brain regions in mentalizing the eyes (11). Candidate gene studies suggest that sex steroid pathway genes play a role in performance on the Eyes test (12), and a FIGURE 1. Examples of Basic and Complex Emotional Stimuli
The Effects of Information Systems Compatibility on Firm Performance Following Mergers and Acquisitions

This study investigates the consequences of information systems compatibility between the target and acquirer firms in the context of mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Using a unique data set of ERP implementations, we find that acquirers using the same ERP vendor as their targets exhibit shorter post-merger operating cycles and shorter post-merger audit delays relative to acquirers with different ERP vendors than their targets. In supplemental analysis, we find evidence that acquirers with the same ERP vendor as their target also exhibit more accurate management forecast guidance following the acquisition. The findings of this study should be of interest to capital market participants and managers involved in M&A activity by providing evidence about how the degree of compatibility between acquirer and target ERP systems impacts post-merger activities across different economically significant functional areas.
The effect of body position change on lung compliance in normal subjects and in patients with congestive heart failure.

Since the work of Christie and Meakins (1), the lungs of patients with heart failure have been acknowledged to resist inflation to a greater extent than normal lungs. More recent studies of pulmonary mechanics in patients with congestive heart failure (2-5) have emphasized the lowered lung compliance as well as moderate increases in pulmonary resistance. That acute changes in lung compliance can occur in man has been shown by Saxton, Rabinowitz, Dexter and Haynes (6) who demonstrated acute decreases in lung compliance on exercise in patients with heart disease associated with increases in pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and by Bondurant, Hickam and Isley (7) who demonstrated acutely decreased compliance in normal subjects when transient pulmonary congestion was induced by sudden inflation of a pressurized suit. Because of the importance of body position in cardiac dyspnea, a feature of which is orthopnea, the present study was undertaken to determine what, if any, changes in the static volume-pressure characteristics of the lungs occurred in normal subjects and in orthopneic patients with heart failure on changing from the sitting to the horizontal (prone) body position.
Hyperinsulinemia inhibits myocardial protein degradation in patients with cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance.

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and myocardial hypertrophy frequently coexist in patients. Whether hyperinsulinemia directly affects myocardial protein metabolism in humans has not been examined, however. To test the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia is anabolic for human heart protein, we examined the effects of insulin infusion on myocardial protein synthesis, degradation, and net balance in patients with ischemic heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Eleven men (aged 57 +/- 3 years) with coronary artery disease who had fasted for 12 to 16 hours received a constant infusion of insulin (50 mU.m-2.min-1) while plasma concentrations of glucose and amino acids were kept constant. Rates of myocardial protein synthesis, degradation, and net balance were estimated from steady state extraction and isotopic dilution of L-[ring-2,6-3H]phenylalanine across the heart basally and 90 minutes into infusion. Subjects had elevated fasting plasma insulin concentrations (173 +/- 21 pmol/L) and used little exogenous glucose during insulin infusion, suggesting resistance to the effects of insulin on whole-body carbohydrate metabolism. Basally, myocardial protein degradation, as estimated by phenylalanine release (133 +/- 28 nmol/min), exceeded protein synthesis, estimated by phenylalanine uptake (31 +/- 15 nmol/min), resulting in net negative phenylalanine balance (-102 +/- 17 nmol/min). Insulin infusion reduced myocardial protein degradation by 80% but did not affect protein synthesis, returning net phenylalanine balance to neutral. CONCLUSIONS Acute hyperinsulinemia markedly suppresses myocardial protein degradation in patients with cardiovascular disease who are resistant to its effects on whole-body glucose metabolism. This antiproteolytic action represents a potential mechanism by which hyperinsulinemia could contribute to the development of myocardial hypertrophy in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Incidence, Risk Factors and Prognosis of Stroke and TIA: The Need for High-Quality, Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies and Meta-Analyses

Stroke is a considerable clinical, social and economic burden. In recent clinical trials, a number of strategies have been shown to reduce the risk of stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in both primary and secondary prevention settings. Whether these treatments are leading to a significant reduction in the incidence of first and recurrent stroke in the clinic, however, remains unclear due to a paucity of high-quality epidemiological data. A similar lack of reliable epidemiological studies has undermined our understanding of the relationship between many potentially important vascular risk factors and stroke risk. Improvement in our knowledge of stroke epidemiology is a prerequisite for the planning of stroke services, the effective application of current stroke prevention strategies, the development of new strategies, and our understanding of the mechanisms of stroke. Future studies must take into account the clinical and pathological heterogeneity of TIA and stroke, and must be powered to allow subtype differences in risk factor relationships and prognosis to be determined reliably. In many cases, this will require meta-analysis of detailed individual patient data from multiple independent studies.
Rise to fame: events, media activity and public interest in pangolins and pangolin trade, 2005–2016

Attention focused on pangolins (Pholidota) and the threats posed to their survival and welfare by international trade (for use in Chinese Traditional Medicine and the Asian wild meat market) has skyrocketed across all digital information platforms over the last decade. Previously obscure and often referred to as the ‘mammal you’ve never heard of’, pangolins are now widely recognised as an icon of the illegal wildlife trade. We document the events that led to the pangolins’ ‘rise to fame’, culminating in its Appendix I listing by CITES in September 2016 and a global commercial trade ban and explore temporal co-occurrence between events and peaks in media activity and public interest with the aim of identifying events (or types of events) that may have been influential in terms of awareness-raising. More broadly, our objective was to highlight lessons in public communication that might be applied to awareness campaigns for other lesser-known threatened species. We found no evidence that any particular type of event was more likely to generate a significant media/public response than any other, but peaks in public interest co-occurred with reports of pangolin seizures, highlighting the importance of news coverage of these incidents. Further, although neither editorial nor social media peaks were strongly correlated with the timing of events, they sometimes co-occurred with different events and each differed in their coverage of different types of events, suggesting that editorial and social media have independent and distinct roles to play in conservation communication. However, despite their iconic status, public interest in pangolins is still not equivalent to that directed at, for example, tigers, elephants or lions, so efforts need to be sustained. Finally, we note that, although attention can help to generate funds and influence policy, this alone will not be enough to achieve a favourable conservation status for pangolins – on-going and future work need to ensure that public enthusiasm for this species is translated into effective protection.
Differential distribution of neurons in the gyral white matter of the human cerebral cortex

The neurons in the cortical white matter (WM neurons) originate from the first set of postmitotic neurons that migrates from the ventricular zone. In particular, they arise in the subplate that contains the earliest cells generated in the telencephalon, prior to the appearance of neurons in gray matter cortical layers. These cortical WM neurons are very numerous during development, when they are thought to participate in transient synaptic networks, although many of these cells later die, and relatively few cells survive as WM neurons in the adult. We used light and electron microscopy to analyze the distribution and density of WM neurons in various areas of the adult human cerebral cortex. Furthermore, we examined the perisomatic innervation of these neurons and estimated the density of synapses in the white matter. Finally, we examined the distribution and neurochemical nature of interneurons that putatively innervate the somata of WM neurons. From the data obtained, we can draw three main conclusions: first, the density of WM neurons varies depending on the cortical areas; second, calretinin‐immunoreactive neurons represent the major subpopulation of GABAergic WM neurons; and, third, the somata of WM neurons are surrounded by both glutamatergic and GABAergic axon terminals, although only symmetric axosomatic synapses were found. By contrast, both symmetric and asymmetric axodendritic synapses were observed in the neuropil. We discuss the possible functional implications of these findings in terms of cortical circuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4740–4759, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associations between dietary and lifestyle risk factors and colorectal cancer in the Scottish population

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 9.7% of all cancer cases and for 8% of all cancer-related deaths. Established risk factors include personal or family history of CRC as well as lifestyle and dietary factors. We investigated the relationship between CRC and demographic, lifestyle, food and nutrient risk factors through a case–control study that included 2062 patients and 2776 controls from Scotland. Forward and backward stepwise regression was applied and the stability of the models was assessed in 1000 bootstrap samples. The variables that were automatically selected to be included by the forward or backward stepwise regression and whose selection was verified by bootstrap sampling in the current study were family history, dietary energy, ‘high-energy snack foods’, eggs, juice, sugar-sweetened beverages and white fish (associated with an increased CRC risk) and NSAIDs, coffee and magnesium (associated with a decreased CRC risk). Application of forward and backward stepwise regression in this CRC study identified some already established as well as some novel potential risk factors. Bootstrap findings suggest that examination of the stability of regression models by bootstrap sampling is useful in the interpretation of study findings. ‘High-energy snack foods’ and high-energy drinks (including sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juices) as risk factors for CRC have not been reported previously and merit further investigation as such snacks and beverages are important contributors in European and North American diets.