Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pervasive Palaeogene remagnetization of the central Taurides fold-and-thrust belt (southern Turkey) and implications for rotations in the Isparta Angle

The Turkish Anatolide–Tauride block rifted away from the northern margin of Gondwana in the Triassic, which gave way to the opening of the southern Neo-Tethys. By the late Palaeocene to Eocene, it collided with the southern Eurasian margin, leading to the closure of the northern Neo-Tethys ocean. To determine the position of the Anatolide–Tauride block with respect to the African and Eurasian margin we carried out a palaeomagnetic study in the central Taurides belt, which constitutes the eastern limb of the Isparta Angle. The sampled sections comprise Carboniferous to Palaeocene rocks (mainly limestones). Our data suggest that all sampled rocks are remagnetized during the late Palaeocene to Eocene phase of folding and thrusting event, related to the collision of the Anatolide–Tauride block with Eurasia. To further test the possibility of remagnetization, we use a novel end-member modelling approach on 174 acquired isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) curves. We argue that the preferred three end-member model confirms the proposed remagnetization of the rocks. Comparing our data to the post-Eocene declination pattern in the central Tauride belt, we conclude that our clockwise rotations are in agreement with data from other studies. After combining our results with previously published data from the Isparta Angle (that includes our study area), we have reasons to cast doubt on the spatial and temporal extent of an earlier reported early to middle Miocene remagnetization event. We argue that the earlier reported remagnetized directions from Triassic rocks—in tilt corrected coordinates—from the southwestern Antalya Nappes (western Taurides), are in good agreement with other studies from the area that show a primary origin of their characteristic remanent magnetization. This implies that we document a clockwise rotation for the southwestern Antalya Nappes since the Triassic that is remarkably similar to the post-Eocene (∼40°) rotation of the central Taurides. For the previously published results that are clearly remagnetized, we argue that their remagnetization has occurred in the Palaeocene to Eocene.
Younger vs. older workers in ASEAN countries: substitutes or complements?

The phenomenon of population ageing has led the countries of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) to face challenges in the sphere of employment since older workers are considered likely to prevent younger workers from entering the labor market. This paper seeks to describe the effect that an increase in the number of older workers has on the number of young workers. The study relies on the data provided by the International Labour Organization for the period between 2010 and 2016 and the OLS and 2SLS regression analysis methods. The results show that older workers do not impede the career progress of younger workers, in other work, that these two groups of workers are complements rather than substitutes for each other. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of population ageing should be an important concern for the governments of ASEAN countries because of the effect of this trend on the labour market. The fact that almost a half of the elderly population in ASEAN is still actively working indicates that the elderly suffer from the consequences of the economic downturn and still do not feel financially secure enough to retire. Thus, the role of the government in the current conditions is to create a suitable job market to accommodate elderly workers.
A study to find out relationship in between serum uric acid level and stroke

Background: The role of uric acid as a risk factor in cases of acute ischaemic stroke is controversial. The present study was conducted with the aim to study the clinical profile and the incidence of stroke in patients with normal and elevated uric acid and its correlation with other risk factors. Methods: This study was conducted in 100 patients with acute ischaemic stroke who were admitted in NSCB Hospital Jabalpur from August 2009 to July 2010.Clinical records of patients and their serum uric acid level was investigated. The severity of neurological deficit was recorded according to the scandinavian stroke scale (SSS). Patients were followed up during hospital stay and outcome was graded by using modified Rankin’s scale (mRS). Finally, collected data were analyzed using Chi square and student t test wherever appropriate. P value 0.05). Significant, positive correlation p 0.05). Majority (83%) of patients were having infarct in MCA artery territory. Majority of patients 20 (69%) with elevated serum uric acid were having SSS score >30. Statistically insignificant (p>0.05) association was observed between mean mRS score in patients with normal serum uric acid Vs patients with hyperuricemia. Conclusions: The prevalence of hyperuricemia in acute ischaemic stroke patients was lower than in normal population. Age, hypertension and alcoholism amongst males showed statistically significant positive correlation with hyperuricemia in patient with acute ischaemic stroke and hence they are considered to be the significant risk factors.
Long term Economic Impact of Crises: Are there beneficial effects of crises in the long term?

Countries which endure more frequent and more severe crises appear to perform better economically than countries which are less affected by crises. This paper provides empirical support for this statement. To do so this thesis documents the relationship between certain types of crises and the economy. There are five different crisis types defined, which are economic crises, currency crises, banking crises, sudden stops and sovereign debt crises. Whenever a crisis event occurs a single type or multiple types can be applied to it. It is found that economic crises and banking crises have a positive relationship with long term economic development. Meanwhile debt crises appear to have a negative impact on the economy on the long run, while sudden stops and currency crises give mixed results. Two mechanisms, "learning by mistake" and "purging of the economy", are coined in this thesis as ways to improve future growth via crises. These mechanisms appear to be especially prevalent in economic and banking crises, while for the other types of crises these mechanisms are not strong enough to overcome the initial loss due to a crisis event in the long run.
Knowledge of L2 Speech Acts: Impact of Gender and Language Learning Experience

The number of studies focusing on the role of gender and language learning experience in interlanguage pragmatic development is limited in ESL contexts. Iranian EFL context is not an exception and few investigations have been conducted in this regard. Therefore, the current investigation attempted to study the impact of gender and English language learning experience (LLE) on speech-act interlanguage pragmatic (ILP) performance of Iranian EFL learners. Gender was treated as a biological factor and language learning experience was operationalized as the number of years spent learning English and the participants were divided into three groups of 1 to 2 years, 3 to five years, and plus 6 years. A multiple-choice discourse completion test (MDCT) including five common English speech acts (request, apology, refusal, complaint, and compliment/compliment responses) was developed and validated by the use of native speakers. A 35-item MDCT was achieved after two pilot studies by native and nonnative speakers. This ILP test was administered to 500 Iranian EFL learners to obtain the required data. The results obtained from an independent t-test revealed that there was no significant difference between female vs. male participants‟ speech-act performances. However, a one-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences among the ILP performances of the three groups with different LLEs. Then, applying a Tukey test indicated that learners that had spent more years on language learning, had higher speech act ILP scores. The findings of this study indicated that students with more LLE can absorb speech acts better.
Low Prevalence of Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in Amphibians of U.S. Headwater Streams

Abstract Many declines of amphibian populations have been associated with chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Despite the relatively high prevalence of chytridiomycosis in stream amphibians globally, most surveys in North America have focused primarily on wetland-associated species, which are frequently infected. To better understand the distribution and prevalence of Bd in headwater amphibian communities, we sampled 452 tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei and Ascaphus montanus) and 304 stream salamanders (seven species in the Dicamptodontidae and Plethodontidae) for Bd in 38, first- to third-order streams in five montane areas across the United States. We tested for presence of Bd by using PCR on skin swabs from salamanders and metamorphosed tailed frogs or the oral disc of frog larvae. We detected Bd on only seven individuals (0.93%) in four streams. Based on our study and results from five other studies that have sampled headwater- or seep-associated amphibians in the United States, Bd has been detected on only 3% of 1,322 individuals from 21 species. These results differ strongly from surveys in Central America and Australia, where Bd is more prevalent on stream-breeding species, as well as results from wetland-associated anurans in the same regions of the United States that we sampled. Differences in the prevalence of Bd between stream- and wetland-associated amphibians in the United States may be related to species-specific variation in susceptibility to chytridiomycosis or habitat differences.
Genetic and Environmental Variation in Anthocyanins and their Relationship to Antioxidant Activity in Blackberry and Hybridberry Cultivars

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. phenolic, Rubus, phenotypic correlation ABSTRACT. Dietary anthocyanins (ACYs) may give health benefi ts through their antioxidant activity (AA) or other physi- ological effects. We examined AA and ACY profi les and contents in 16 blackberry and hybridberry (Rubus L. species) cultivars harvested in 2002 and 2003 in New Zealand and Oregon. Total ACY content varied widely among cultivars harvested from a single site in a single year (e.g., from 58 to 343 mg/100 g fruit Oregon in 2003). For the 12 cultivars common to both sites and years, cultivar and year within location signifi cantly affected total ACY content, accounting for 40% and 10% of total variation, respectively. Cultivar interactions with both location and year within location were also signifi cant, together accounting for 39% of variation. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside were identifi ed in all cultivars in both locations in at least 1 year. Compared with total ACY, cultivar accounted for more variation in these two ACYs (63% and 92%, respectively), while cultivar interactions together accounted for a smaller, but statistically signifi cant, proportion of variation (23% and 7%, respectively). Cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside and cyanidin 3-O-(2 G -glucosylrutinoside) were identifi ed in only four cultivars. Cultivar effects accounted for 64% and 76% of variation in these ACYs, respectively, while cultivar interactions together contributed 18% and 24%, respectively. For AA, cultivar effects were not signifi cant, contributing 11% of variation; in contrast, year effect and cultivar × environment interactions were signifi cant, contributing 22% and 55% of total variation, respectively. Based on cultivar means for all 16 genotypes, the phenotypic correlation between AA and total ACY was positive but lower than that between AA and total phenolic content (TPH) (r = 0.63 and 0.97, respectively). Combinations of individual ACYs did not provide higher correlations with AA. Thus, ACY profi les and content are not as useful as TPH as a proxy measurement for AA.
Proliferative effect of the calcium channel blocker Nifedipine on human embryonic kidney cells

Background: Numerous epidemiological studies have shown a positive as well as negative association between chronic use of calcium channel blockers and the increased risk of developing cancer. However, these associations were enmeshed with controversies in the absence of laboratory based studies to back up those claims. The aim was to determine in mechanistic terms the association between the long-term administrations of nifedipineand increased risk of developing cancer with the aid of human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line.Methods: Cell counting using the Trypan blue dye exclusion and 3-[4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were used to investigate the effect of nifedipine on the growth pattern of HEK293 cells.Results: Nifedipine had a proliferative effect on HEK293 cells growth and this proliferation is more profound at low concentrations of nifedipine than high concentrations and the proliferation was statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusions: The chronic use of nifedipine is associated with increased proliferation of cells with concomitant elevation of polyamines concentration and elevated polyamine levels have been implicated in many malignant transformations and hence, these provide possible explanation on the link between long term use of nifedipine and development of some human cancers.
Towards an Instructional Theory: the Role of Student's Misconceptions*

L During the past decade we have witnessed a new trend in cognitive research emphasizing expert systems. A great deal of effort has been dedicated to the study of experts' performance in various fields of knowledge . My presentation today deals with the question: what kind of expertise is needed for instruction? Researchers in the field agree that the process of learning necessarily combines three factors: the student, the teacher and the subject to be learned In addition, it seems obvious that to teach a given subject matter we need at least two kinds of expertise: the subject matter expert who can knowledgeably handle the discipline to be learned, who can see the underlying conceptual structure to be learned with its full richness and insights; and there is also, obviously, the expert teacher whose expertise is in successfully bringing the student to know the given subject matter by various pedagogical techniques that make him the expert in teaching. In this framewmk of experts' systems, what is, then, the role of the student? what does he contribute to the learning situation? And though it might seem absurd, I would like to suggest that the student's "expertise" is in making errors; that this is his contribution to the process of learning My talk consists of three main parts First, I will focus on the contribution of performance errors to the process of learning. I will, then, demonstrate that enors do not occm randomly, but originate in a consistent conceptual framework based on earlier acquired knowledge I will conclude by arguing that any futme instructional theory will have to change its perspective from condemning errors into one that seeks them . A good instructional program will have to predict types of errors and purposely allow for them in the process of learning But before we reach such an extreme conclusion let me build the argument and clarify what these "welcomed" enors are
Investigation of Pre- and Post-Swelling Behavior of Elastomeric Material

In the last ten years, a new type of modern polymer, known as swelling elastomer, has been used extensively as a sealing element in the oil and gas industry. These elastomers have been instrumental in various new applications such as water shut off, zonal isolation, and sidetracking. Though swell packers can significantly reduce costs and increase productivity, their failure can lead to serious losses. The integrity and reliability of swelling elastomer seals under different field conditions is a major concern. The investigation of changes in material behavior over a specified swelling period is a necessary first step for performance evaluation of elastomer seals. The current study is based on experimental analysis of changes in geometric and mechanical behavior (hardness, tensile, compressive, bulk) of an elastomeric material due to swelling. Tests were carried out before and after various stages of swelling. Specimens were placed in saline water (0.6% and 12% concentrations) at a temperature of 50°C, with the total swelling period being one month. Swelling, hardness, compression, and bulk tests were conducted using disc samples, while ring samples were used for tensile experiments. A small test rig was designed and constructed for determination of bulk modulus. Stress-strain curves under tension and compression, and pressure volumetric-strain curves were obtained for specimens subjected to different swelling periods. Due to the fast-swell nature of the elastomer, there were sharp changes in mechanical properties within the first few days of swelling for both salinities. Elastic modulus derived from tensile and compressive tests showed a 90% decrease in the first few days. Bulk modulus showed fluctuation in its variation with an increasing swelling period. There was a small effect of salinity only during the first 5 or 6 days.
Effect of Oxidation Agents on Photo-Decolorization of Vitamin B12 in the Presence of ZnO/UV-A System

The aim of this work was to apply the many various oxidation agents namely H2O2, K2S2O8 and Fe2+ on the aqueous solution of vitamin B12 with the presence of ZnO. The results indicated that the use of the mixture of H2O2 and K2S2O8 in suspension of vitamin B12 and ZnO gave a maximum efficiency percentage about 95.85% in 12 min; it was higher than that without the addition of oxidation reagent 79.33% in the same time. The obtained results demonstrated that the activation energy for this photoreaction without the addition of oxidation agent was more than that the apparent activation energy value with the used mixture of H2O2 and K2S2O8. The thermodynamic study showed that both reactions were endothermic, less-random and non-spontaneous. The ΔH# with the oxidant agents (31.43 kJ mol-1) is less than that without using oxidant agents (35.81 kJ mol-1). Moreover, the addition of series of oxidant agent solution to vitamin B12 solution led to change the photocatalytic activity for decolorization of vitamin B12 in suspension solution of ZnO, and was found the activity sequence as follows: (H2O2 + K2S2O8) > (H2O2 + Fe(II)) (Fenton reaction) > (H2O2) > (K2S2O8) > (without the oxidation agents) > (K2S2O8 + Fe(II)) > Fe(II).
Dynamics of the region 1 Birkeland current oval derived from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE)

[1] The region 1 (R1) and region 2 current systems typically form concentric rings of field-aligned currents in the polar ionospheres; we term the inner ring the R1 oval. We apply an automated fitting scheme to field-aligned current densities provided by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) and identify the latitude of maximum R1 current at all magnetic local times to yield the size of the R1 oval. We investigate the dynamics of the R1 oval size in response to geomagnetic activity for two cases corresponding to: repeated substorm activations with a minimally enhanced ring current; a significant ring current enhancement with multiple substorms. During the first event the dynamics of the R1 oval size reflected an expanding-contracting polar cap: during substorm growth phase dayside reconnection added open magnetic flux to the polar cap, expanding the R1 oval equatorward. Tail reconnection during the substorm expansion phase converted open into closed magnetic flux and the polar cap contracts as reflected by the poleward retreat of the R1 oval. During the period of enhanced ring current intensity the R1 oval grew to larger sizes during each substorm growth phase than it did during the other event, consistent with the suggestion that a stronger ring current stabilizes the magnetospheric tail to the onset of magnetic reconnection. The presented methodology allows AMPERE data to be condensed into a single parameter, the R1 oval size, which reflects magnetospheric dynamics and provides a convenient measure of the instantaneous magnetospheric system state in both hemispheres.
Effects of grain and precipitate size variation on creep-fatigue behaviour of Udimet 720Li

The high temperature fatigue characteristics of U720Li have been investigated over the temperature range 650°C to 725°C under imposed dwell times (at maximum load) of 1 and 20 seconds in vacuum and air conditions. The effect of varying grain size and coherent precipitate size under these conditions has been assessed. Testing in air resulted in oxidation dominated intergranular crack growth at all temperatures and dwell times with the slope (m-values) of the crack growth rate curves remaining constant. Increased crack growth rates are seen at the higher temperatures and at longer dwells, although no effect of dwell was observed at 650? C in the as-received fine grained variant. In vacuum crack growth rates were much lower than in air and a purely cyclic dependent regime was evident at 650°C. As temperature and dwell time at maximum load was increased, m-values increased and were accompanied by a change in crack growth mechanism from transgranular to intergranular cracking. This indicated that true, time-dependent, creep-fatigue processes were occurring. The large grain variant of the U720Li showed little advantage in crack growth rates within the cyclic dependent and creep-fatigue regime, but did show a significant increase in resistance to crack growth in the time dependent (oxidation-fatigue) regime. The effect of the large precipitate variant was to give similar or worse crack growth resistance than the baseline U720Li at temperatures up to 725°C (1 second dwell) but improved crack growth resistance when oxidation processes predominated at 725°C in air with an imposed 20 second dwell.
Bone Mineral Density and Depression in Premenopausal Women with Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Objective: Sedentary lifestyle, depression and lack of physical activity may lead to a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of FMS in the development of osteoporosis and the impact of depression on the BMD. Materials and Methods: Fifty premenopausal women with a diagnosis of FMS according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and 40 premenopausal healthy controls were included in the study. A structured form was prepared covering demographic characteristics of the subjects. The severity of pain, disease activity and depression level were evaluated by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. Lumbar spine and left femoral neck BMD values were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Results: There was no difference between patients and controls according to age, body mass index and duration of education (p>0.05). BMD values in the lumbar vertebrae were significantly lower in the FMS group than in the controls (p<0.05). The BMD score was not different between the patients with a depression score higher or lower than the cut-off point (p>0.05). There were no correlations among BMD, age, and BDI, VAS, and FIQ scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: We found that BMD of the lumbar vertebrae was lower in FMS patients than in the control group. We detected that depression has no significant impact on BMD. (Turk J Rheumatol 2010; 25: 105-9)