Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR DETECTION AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF SHIGA TOXIN PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI (STEC) ISOLATED FROM DIARRHEIC CHILDREN

This study was designed to determine the shiga toxin producing genes and to investigate antibiotic sensitivity or resistant patterns of the Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic children at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. A total of 83 stool samples were collected and screened for the detection of E. coli on the basis of cultural, staining and biochemical properties followed by molecular detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using genus specific 16SrRNA primers. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of E. coli was determined by disc diffusion method against 9 antimicrobial agents. In this study, 27 (32.53%) out of 83 samples, were confirmed as E. coli . Overall prevalence of shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) among the examined children was 1.20% (n=1/83). Further, 27 E. coli isolates were analyzed for the presence of Stx-1 and Stx-2 genes by duplex-PCR. The STEC isolate was confirmed to be positive for the presence of the Stx-2 gene only. Highest susceptibility of the E. coli isolates was found against Gentamicin (92.59%), followed by Ciprofloxacin (48.14%) and Moxifloxacin (33.33%). More than 77.78% of the isolates were resistant to more than three antibiotics thus defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). In conclusion, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin can be recommended as the effective drugs successful treatment of STEC infections in children.
Assessing Competition with the Panzar-Rosse Model in the Turkish Banking Sector

The Turkish banking sector was reformed with new regulations after 2000. The aim of this study is to measure the degree of concentration and assess the state of competition in the Turkish banking sector using data from 22 commercial banks for the period of 2002-2013. The data is analyzed using the pooled Generalized Least Square (PGLS) method. Concentration measures of CR3, CR4 and HHI are used and they show a moderate but slightly decreasing concentration in the sector. The widely accepted Panzar and Rosse (1987) model and its H-statistic are used as a non-structural method to assess the degree of competition. The H-statistic of 0.599 is found for the period of 2002-2013. It indicates a monopolistically competitive market structure for the Turkish banking sector.
Might Electricity Consumption Cause Urbanization Instead? Evidence from Heterogeneous Panel Long-Run Causality Tests.

The share of a population living in urban areas, or urbanization, is both an important demographic, socio-economic phenomenon and a popular explanatory variable in macro-level models of energy and electricity consumption and their resulting carbon emissions. Indeed, there is a substantial, growing subset of the global modeling literature that seeks to link urbanization with energy and electricity consumption, as well as with carbon emissions. This paper aims to inform both modelers and model consumers about the appropriateness of establishing such a link by examining the nature of long-run causality between electricity consumption and urbanization using heterogeneous panel methods and data from 105 countries spanning 1971-2009. In addition, the analysis of the time series properties of urbanization has implications both for modelers and for understanding the urbanization phenomenon. We consider total, industrial, and residential aggregations of electricity consumption per capita, three income-based panels, and three geography-based panels for non-OECD countries. The panel unit root, cointegration, and causality tests used account for cross-sectional dependence, nonstationarity, and heterogeneity—all of which are present in the data set. We cannot reject pervasively Granger causality in the urbanization to electricity consumption direction. However, the causality finding that is both the strongest and most similar across the various panels is that of long-run Granger causality from electricity consumption to urbanization. In other words, the employment and quality of life opportunities that access to electricity afford likely encourage migration to cities, and thus, cause urbanization. Also, nearly all countries’ urbanization series contained structural breaks, and the most recent post-break annual change rates suggested that nearly all countries’ rates of urbanization change were slowing. Lastly, future modeling work on energy consumption or carbon emissions should consider subnational scales of analysis, and focus on measures of urban density or urban form rather than national urbanization levels.
The relationship among customer satisfaction, loyalty and financial performance of commercial banks

In the current banking sector, characterized by an increasing competition, efficient management of selling additional products and services to existing satisfied customers represents a significant opportunity to improve the financial performance of a commercial bank. To sum up, the conclusion of the up to date literature is an idea that customer satisfaction leads to customer loyalty and loyalty leads to willingness to purchase additional products. However, there are practically no papers quantifying the influence of loyalty on additional products purchases. The aim of this paper is to create a model among customer satisfaction, loyalty and financial performance of commercial banks in the Czech Republic. It is based on our original research realized as a survey with a total of 459 respondents that have been reached. The created model has proven that product quality, recognition of customers financial needs and acceptance of prices by a customer have an impact on customer satisfaction, which then influences customer loyalty and this in return influences additional purchases potential of a customer. The regression model of relation between customer satisfaction and loyalty of bank customer has this form: CL = 0.01163 + 0.9191 x CS, where: CL – customer loyalty, CS – customer satisfaction. The regression model of relation between customer loyalty and additional purchases: APP = -0.05667 + 0.5848 x CL, where: APP – additional purchases potential, CL – customer loyalty. At the end, the paper is dedicated to a model example showing that if a commercial bank is able to increase the number of satisfied customers by 10,000, it can obtain additional yearly income of EUR 9.6 million.
Travel Choice Inertia: The Joint Role of Risk Aversion and Learning

This paper shows how travellers that are faced with a series of risky choices become behaviourally inert due to a combination of risk aversion and learning. Our theoretical analyses complement other studies that conceive inertia as resulting from the wish to save cognitive resources. We first present a model of risky travel mode choice. We show that if travellers dislike risk, and part of the quality of travel alternatives is only revealed upon usage, inertia emerges due to a learning-based lock-in effect. We extend our analyses to capture forward-looking behaviour and the provision of travel information. © 2012 LSE and the University of Bath
Estimation of the elasticity of substitution between oil and capital

The elasticity of substitution between oil and capital is a key parameter when researchers analyze the effect of oil shocks on the economy by using dynamic general equilibrium models. This paper estimates the elasticity of substitution in the U.S. economy, which is consistent with a large class of DGE models. We find that the estimated elasticity of substitution becomes lower than the value estimated by earlier empirical studies. A low elasticity of substitution implies that oil supply shocks have large impacts on the economy.
Toward an inner connection of SNe Ic, SLSNe Ic, XRF connected SNe, SNe Ic-BL, and GRB connected SNe

Abstract Type Ic supernovae can be classified as normal supernovae Ic, type Ic super-luminous supernovae, X-ray flash-connected supernovae, broad-line supernovae Ic, and gamma-ray burst-connected supernovae. Here we suggest an inner connection for all kinds of supernovae Ic which is based on whether a pair of jets are successfully launched: a normal supernovae Ic is a normal core collapsar without jets launched; a gamma-ray burst-associated supernovae Ic is a core collapsar with relativistic jets launched and successfully breaking out the envelope of the progenitor; an X-ray flash-associated supernovae Ic is a core collapsar with jets launched but can only develop a relativistic shock breakout; a broad-line supernovae Ic is an off-axis gamma-ray burst or an X-ray flash-associated supernova; and a type Ic super-luminous supernovae is close to the X-ray flash-connected supernovae Ic, but the shock breakout is not relativistic and most of the jet energy is deposited into the supernova component. Based on the luminosity-distance diagram, we derived the luminosity function of all different types of supernovae Ic as a whole. We also show that the normal supernovae Ic and gamma-ray burst-connected supernovae Ic have similar accumulative distributions.
Diatom assemblages in East Africa : classification, distribution and ecology

Based on rcridespread srrmpling of dirrersified rvaferbodies from East dfrica, relationships betrwen the quantitatioe composition ofdiutom communities und some mujor environmental unriables-conceiztruliolzs and rafios of major ions, conductivify, pH, and temperature-were shorvn. Water balance, climate, cmd some other habitat characteristics (silicu concenfratiotz, turbidity, ujaier depfh, and substratum) uwre also tuken into accourt. Diaiom unalyses rnere carried oui on 210 samples containing a total of 579 taxa. The diatom results urere trpaied by Pactor Analysis of Correspondence in order 10 define the diatom assemblages. in fille major groups (I-V), ruere distinguished. Seventeen assemblages, distributed The relationships befmeen the diatotn assemblages and ihe combination of environmental uariables were then depicfed. Of ihese, vnriables contzected with ihe chemicul urater types (ionic raiios) and iheir increasing ionic concentrufion (e.g. conductioiiy, HC03 + COs2alkalinity, pH) appear to be influentiul both between and wiihin C;roups i, III nnd IV; Group V relates to high saliniiy and concentration of sodium chloride. Temperature, linked 10 the nltifude, does noi appear influential; neither does the silica concentration. The microhabitai appears important in utater having low minera1 confenf, and periphytic assemblages largely constifutr Group II. The results are discussed in relulion 10 preuious records and hypofheses concerning the distribution of diatom commrrnifies in Easi Africcr. They are only based on field observafions, and a full understanding of the causntiue mechanisms controlling the diatom comtnun~ty composition have net yet be attained. KEY WORD~ : Diatoms East Africa Ecology Assemblage Wat-er chernistrg.
Sentinel-3 Delay-Doppler altimetry over Antarctica

Abstract. The launch of Sentinel-3A in February 2016 represented the beginning of a new long-term series of operational satellite radar altimeters, which will provide Delay-Doppler altimetry measurements over ice sheets for decades to come. Given the potential benefits that these satellites can offer to a range of glaciological applications, it is important to establish their capacity to monitor ice sheet elevation and elevation change. Here, we present the first analysis of Sentinel-3 Delay-Doppler altimetry over the Antarctic ice sheet, and assess the accuracy and precision of retrievals of ice sheet elevation across a range of topographic regimes. Over the low-slope regions of the ice sheet interior, we find that the instrument achieves both an accuracy and a precision of the order of 10 cm, with ∼98 % of the data validated being within 50 cm of co-located airborne measurements. Across the steeper and more complex topography of the ice sheet margin, the accuracy decreases, although analysis at two coastal sites with densely surveyed airborne campaigns shows that ∼60 %–85 % of validated data are still within 1 m of co-located airborne elevation measurements. We then explore the utility of the Sentinel-3A Delay-Doppler altimeter for mapping ice sheet elevation change. We show that with only 2 years of available data, it is possible to resolve known signals of ice dynamic imbalance and to detect evidence of subglacial lake drainage activity. Our analysis demonstrates a new, long-term source of measurements of ice sheet elevation and elevation change, and the early potential of this operational system for monitoring ice sheet imbalance for decades to come.
The properties of the kinematically distinct components in NGC 448 and NGC 4365

Aims. We study the kinematically distinct components in two early-type galaxies NGC 448 and NGC 4365 aided by integral-field observations with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope. The former galaxy has previously been shown to host a counter-rotating stellar disc while the latter harbours a central (apparently) decoupled core that has been suggested to not be physically distinct from the main body and instead stems from the different orbital types in the core and main body due to its triaxial nature. We aim to measure the brightness profiles, kinematics, and stellar population properties of the peculiar kinematic structures in these galaxies and shed light on their true nature and formation mechanism. Methods. We use a kinematic decomposition technique to separate the individual contributions to the spectra of the two distinct kinematic components observed at each spatial position in the field of view. Furthermore, by folding back the outcome of a photometric decomposition we reduce the intrinsic degeneracies in recovering the kinematics and the best-fitting stellar spectral templates. Finally, by extracting the Lick line-strength indices for the individual components and fitting them to single stellar population models we derive their ages, metallicities, and α/Fe overabundances. Results. The two kinematically decoupled stellar components in NGC 448 have similar ages, but different chemical compositions. The distinct kinematic feature in NGC 448 has a nearly exponential surface-brightness light profile, dominates in the innermost ∼10″, is smaller in size, and is very likely an embedded counter-rotating disc as also indicated by its kinematics. It has higher metallicity than the main galaxy stellar body and lower α/Fe overabundance. By contrast, we do not find evidence for true decoupling in the two distinct kinematic components in NGC 4365. This confirms earlier work suggesting that the kinematically distinct core is likely not a separate dynamical structure, but most certainly likely a projection effect stemming from the orbital structure of this galaxy that was previously found to be intrinsically triaxial in shape. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that the kinematically decoupled component in NGC 448 is truly decoupled, has external origin, and was formed through either the acquisition of gas and a subsequent star-formation episode or from the direct accretion of stars from a companion. Conversely, the presence of a kinematically distinct component in NGC 4365 is not associated to a true kinematic decoupling and is instead most likely due to a projection effect stemming from the triaxial nature of this galaxy.
Optical Properties of LiIn ( 1 − x ) Tm x ( WO 4 ) 2 Blue Phosphor

1 LASICOM, Saad Dahlab University, BP 270, Route de Soumaa, 09000, Blida, Algeria 2 ICMCB, Bordeaux I University, 87 avenue A. Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac, France 3 Laser Department, Nuclear Research Center of Algiers-CRNA, 2 Building Frantz Fanon, B.P 399 Alger 16000, Algeria 4 UDTS, 2 Building Frantz Fanon, BP. 140 Alger-7 Merveilles, 16200 Alger, Algeria 5 LSS, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32, EL ALIA 16111 BAB EZZOUAR ALGER.USTHB, Faculté de Physique, Alger, Algeria
Evidence for a Modified Th 2-like response during c hronic helminth infections in school-age children from the rural tropics of Ecuador ”

Geohelminths are a public health issue, specially in low-income tropical and subtropical regions. An inverse epidemiologic relationship between geohelminth infection and the frequency of allergic conditions has been reported, although some reports showing the opposite have also been published. The modified TH2 response is an immune phenotype characterized by increased IL-10 levels with concomitant high IgG4 in the context of a TH2-type response; i.e, IL-4, IL-5, IL13 and IgE antibodies. Experimental studies have shown the induction of a modified TH2 response during murine helminth infections. This response has been observed in humans only in during high-dose exposure to cat allergen. In this small pilot study (n = 60) it was investigated whether exposure to high burden helminth infection in which serological markers of chronicity were present was associated to the presence of a modified TH2 response, and whether this response was different to the one observed during low burden helminth infections. It was observed that high burden helminth infections were associated to a modified TH2-like cytokine response (high IL-10 levels) whereas low burden infections were associated to a classic TH2-type cytokine response (high IL-5, IL-13 with concomitant low IL-10 levels). These data suggest that during chronic/high burden helminth infections modified TH2 mechanisms might be setting up which eventually could lead to immune response modulation. These could explain ambiguous associations between helminth infections and allergen conditions (i.e., acute infections would increase whereas chronic infection would decrease the frequency of allergic phenomena).
Indian managers and their CSR understanding: An explorative study

The understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has changed over time and different scholars have provided alternative definitions of CSR practices during the last few years. However, in the context of India and the long tradition of Indian companies to get engaged in the local communities they operate in, an analysis of which understanding of CSR fits best with the Indian practices has been missing so far. This paper provides the results of an explorative study on the CSR understanding of Indian manager. The results show that Indian managers actually have a very advanced understanding of CSR probably based on the integrated engagement that many Indian companies have practiced in India in their communities for many decades already. In conclusion, the results of this paper show that Indian managers tend to understand CSR from an integrated perspective and not only as a necessity to fulfill legal and ethical requirements.
Exact dimensionality and projection properties of Gaussian multiplicative chaos measures

Given a measure $\nu$ on a regular planar domain $D$, the Gaussian multiplicative chaos measure of $\nu$ studied in this paper is the random measure ${\widetilde \nu}$ obtained as the limit of the exponential of the $\gamma$-parameter circle averages of the Gaussian free field on $D$ weighted by $\nu$. We investigate the dimensional and geometric properties of these random measures. We first show that if $\nu$ is a finite Borel measure on $D$ with exact dimension $\alpha>0$, then the associated GMC measure ${\widetilde \nu}$ is non-degenerate and is almost surely exact dimensional with dimension $\alpha-\frac{\gamma^2}{2}$, provided $\frac{\gamma^2}{2}<\alpha$. We then show that if $\nu_t$ is a H\"{o}lder-continuously parameterized family of measures then the total mass of ${\widetilde \nu}_t$ varies H\"{o}lder-continuously with $t$, provided that $\gamma$ is sufficiently small. As an application we show that if $\gamma<0.28$, then, almost surely, the orthogonal projections of the $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity measure ${\widetilde \mu}$ on a rotund convex domain $D$ in all directions are simultaneously absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure with H\"{o}lder continuous densities. Furthermore, ${\widetilde \mu}$ has positive Fourier dimension almost surely.
Response of eight Cucumis melo cultivars to salinity during germination and early vegetative growth

Afin de determiner la tolerance au sel de huit varietes de melon, deux experiences ont ete faites en milieu controle sur des graines et des plants. La tolerance au sel a ete etudiee a l'aide de l'equation de Van Genuchten qui s'est trouvee convenir tres bien pour le melon. Au cours du processus de germination les varietes les plus tolerantes au sel ont ete « amarello » et « amarillo oro » et, pendant le debut de la croissance vegetative, la variete « tendral terreno ». La tolerance au sel n'est liee a aucun des deux stades de developpement etudies. La salinite a provoque une diminution de la concentration en Ca 2+ , K + et Mg 2+ dans les pousses mais, dans les racines de toutes les varietes, seule la concentration en K + a diminue. La concentration en phosphate n'a montre de variation significative ni dans les pousses, ni dans les racines. Le mecanisme de la tolerance au sel chez Cucumis melo semble etre associe a un processus de cloisonnement, puisqu'aucune relation n'a ete trouvee entre l'absorption de Na + ou de Cl - et la tolerance.
Measurement of 14C Concentrations of Stratospheric CO2 by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

In order to measure the concentrations of anthropogenically influenced gases in the stratosphere, we have collected air samples from the lower stratosphere since 1985, by a balloon-borne cryogenic sampling method, developed at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Air samples of ≃16 liters at STP were collected in the stratosphere at altitudes from 18.6 to 30.4 km, over the northeastern part of Japan (39.5°N, 139–142°E), on 1 September 1989. We conducted 14C analyses to study the vertical and horizontal air-mass movement in the stratosphere, and to investigate the air transport mechanism between troposphere and stratosphere. Carbon dioxide (containing a few mg carbon) was separated cryogenically from the air samples, and the 14C concentration of the CO2 was measured by a Tandetron accelerator mass spectrometer, using Fe-graphite targets prepared by reducing CO2 on Fe-powder with hydrogen in a Vycor tube at 650°. The 14C concentrations, expressed as Δ14C, of CO2 were 267–309‰ at altitudes of 21–30 km, and 134‰ at 19–20 km. The Δ14C values at 21–30 km were higher than those of the current tropospheric CO2, of around 80–200‰. The observed 14C concentrations, higher in the stratosphere than the troposphere, seem to be explained by large bomb-produced 14C inventories and/or high 14C production by cosmic rays, as well as weak vertical mixing of air masses in the stratosphere.
Rhythms in Perception: oscillatory patterns of colour-to-form filling-in

Neuronal oscillations are now generally believed to underlie variations in perception, particularly under constant environmental input. In recent years there has been an increase in interest into the influence of the alpha frequency band on visual perception. Alpha has been found to strongly correlate with basic aspects of visual perception. The current study aims to investigate if alpha also has a role in the underlying processing of more complex visual processing through examining patterns of the filling-in effect over different stimulus onset delays. It was found that colour-to-form filling-in occurred in a cyclic pattern at a frequency of 27Hz, corresponding with high beta/low gamma. Such higher frequencies therefore appear to have more importance for complex featural integration. Activity at this frequency may mediate communication between distributed neuronal assemblies leading to integrated perception.