Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Korean Word Sense Disambiguation using CoreNet

In this study, we investigated unsupervised learning based Korean word sense disambiguation (WSD) using CoreNet, a Korean lexical semantic network. To facilitate the application of WSD to practical natural language processing problems, a reasonable method is required to distinguish between sense candidates. We therefore performed coarse-grained Korean WSD studies while utilizing the hierarchical semantic categories of CoreNet to distinguish between sense candidates. In our unsupervised approach, we applied a knowledge-based model that incorporated a Markov random field and dependency parsing to the Korean language in addition to utilizing the semantic categories of CoreNet. Our experimental results demonstrate that the developed CoreNet based coarse-grained WSD technique exhibited an 80.9% accuracy on the datasets we constructed, and was proven to be effective for practical applications.
Soft and tissue response to mandibular advancement genioplasty

Changes in facial esthetics after orthognathic surgery should be predictable if the results are to be satisfactory. The skeletal elements are moved in a planned and controlled manner, but the soft tissue drape is not as precisely managed. This study was on 31 patients who had undergone a mandibular advancement by means of a sagittal split osteotomy, 17 of whom had also received an advancement genioplasty and 6 received a maxillary impaction. The results showed a consistent 1:1 ratio Of soft to hard tissue advancement at pogonion and B point, and that predictions could be accurate in both anteroposterior and vertical directions. When a genioplasty was added to the advancement, however, the results were much less consistent. The mean ratio was 0.9:1 of soft tissue to skeletal movement at pogonion, but the average difference between hard and soft tissue movement was _. +2.6 ram. Thus the prediction of anteroposterior soft tissue changes was quite inaccurate. Changes in the vertical dimension were also more marked in the genioplasty group. The lower lip also showed a variable response, particularly in the genioplasty group, where the mean ratio was 0.5 mm lip advancement per 1.0 mm skeletal change, but again a range of 4.0 mm in either direction. There were no meaningful changes 1 year after surgery. (AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC ORTHOP 1992;101:550-5.)
An Extended Eddy‐Diffusivity Mass‐Flux Scheme for Unified Representation of Subgrid‐Scale Turbulence and Convection

Large‐scale weather forecasting and climate models are beginning to reach horizontal resolutions of kilometers, at which common assumptions made in existing parameterization schemes of subgrid‐scale turbulence and convection—such as that they adjust instantaneously to changes in resolved‐scale dynamics—cease to be justifiable. Additionally, the common practice of representing boundary‐layer turbulence, shallow convection, and deep convection by discontinuously different parameterizations schemes, each with its own set of parameters, has contributed to the proliferation of adjustable parameters in large‐scale models. Here we lay the theoretical foundations for an extended eddy‐diffusivity mass‐flux (EDMF) scheme that has explicit time‐dependence and memory of subgrid‐scale variables and is designed to represent all subgrid‐scale turbulence and convection, from boundary layer dynamics to deep convection, in a unified manner. Coherent up and downdrafts in the scheme are represented as prognostic plumes that interact with their environment and potentially with each other through entrainment and detrainment. The more isotropic turbulence in their environment is represented through diffusive fluxes, with diffusivities obtained from a turbulence kinetic energy budget that consistently partitions turbulence kinetic energy between plumes and environment. The cross‐sectional area of up and downdrafts satisfies a prognostic continuity equation, which allows the plumes to cover variable and arbitrarily large fractions of a large‐scale grid box and to have life cycles governed by their own internal dynamics. Relatively simple preliminary proposals for closure parameters are presented and are shown to lead to a successful simulation of shallow convection, including a time‐dependent life cycle.
Assessment of English language Students' Preferences of the Methods of Teaching English in a Private Jordanian University

For effective language learning and teaching, both learners' skills and assumptions should gain enough interest from their teachers. For the sake of that idea, students should have the opportunity to express their preferences regarding the ways of teaching and learning English language. Having in mind the idea that learners' preferences of the ways of teaching English language are vital importance their learning, we asked students at an English language department in a Jordanian private university to state their views on how they prefer to learn English. As a further step, teachers working at the same department with the same students were also asked to express their views regarding the extent of their awareness of their students' learning preferences. The data obtained uncovered significant results suggesting a need for a closer cooperation and collaboration among students and their teachers concerning how English language learning activities should be re-arranged and implemented in the classroom.
Relationship between tooth value and skin color in patients visiting Royal Medical Services clinics of Jordan

Background Facial and dental aesthetics are becoming of great concern for patients, especially for the younger generation. Tooth color matching and selection is considered a vital element in order to create an attractive beautiful smile. The importance of tooth color matching is to adjust tooth colors to obtain a good match with adjacent teeth and the skin. This is considered a challenge especially if adjacent teeth were lost or records of patients’ teeth color were not available. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between skin complexion and tooth value in a Jordanian population. Methods A cross-sectional study of 520 individuals who were randomly selected and belonging to different age groups, ranging from 15–65 years, with equal sex distribution. These patients visited the dental clinics at different Jordanian military hospitals. The study was carried out over a period of one year from 2015 to 2016. The randomly selected sample was examined by one researcher. Shade of the middle third of the labial surface of central incisor was determined visually using VITA tooth guide, 3D-MASTER shade guide. Tooth shades were divided into two categories according to their value. The skin complexion was identified using Fitzpatrick skin type test, and was categorized into two categories (fair and dark). Data were statistically analyzed using Epi Info version 6. Results A statistically significant tooth shade value difference was discovered among subjects of different skin color (p<0.0001). Individuals with dark skin tend to have lighter teeth, while individuals with light skin tend to have darker teeth. Out of the 304 participants that were with dark complexion 274 (90%) have light teeth, and only 30 (10%) were with dark teeth. Out of the 216 participants with light complexion 172 (80%) have dark teeth and only 44 (20%) have light teeth. Conclusion Within the limitation of this study, there was an inverse relation between skin complexion and tooth value among a Jordanian population. Thus, considering the skin complexion when choosing tooth shades is helpful in achieving a pleasing good-looking smile, yet further investigations in this field must be carried out.
Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds: Virus Evolution in a Multihost Ecosystem

ABSTRACT Wild ducks and gulls are the major reservoirs for avian influenza A viruses (AIVs). The mechanisms that drive AIV evolution are complex at sites where various duck and gull species from multiple flyways breed, winter, or stage. The Republic of Georgia is located at the intersection of three migratory flyways: the Central Asian flyway, the East Africa/West Asia flyway, and the Black Sea/Mediterranean flyway. For six complete study years (2010 to 2016), we collected AIV samples from various duck and gull species that breed, migrate, and overwinter in Georgia. We found a substantial subtype diversity of viruses that varied in prevalence from year to year. Low-pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) subtypes included H1N1, H2N3, H2N5, H2N7, H3N8, H4N2, H6N2, H7N3, H7N7, H9N1, H9N3, H10N4, H10N7, H11N1, H13N2, H13N6, H13N8, and H16N3, and two highly pathogenic AIVs (HPAIVs) belonging to clade 2.3. 4.4, H5N5 and H5N8, were found. Whole-genome phylogenetic trees showed significant host species lineage restriction for nearly all gene segments and significant differences in observed reassortment rates, as defined by quantification of phylogenetic incongruence, and in nucleotide sequence diversity for LPAIVs among different host species. Hemagglutinin clade 2.3. 4.4 H5N8 viruses, which circulated in Eurasia during 2014 and 2015, did not reassort, but analysis after their subsequent dissemination during 2016 and 2017 revealed reassortment in all gene segments except NP and NS. Some virus lineages appeared to be unrelated to AIVs in wild bird populations in other regions, with maintenance of local AIVs in Georgia, whereas other lineages showed considerable genetic interrelationships with viruses circulating in other parts of Eurasia and Africa, despite relative undersampling in the area. IMPORTANCE Waterbirds (e.g., gulls and ducks) are natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and have been shown to mediate the dispersal of AIVs at intercontinental scales during seasonal migration. The segmented genome of influenza viruses enables viral RNA from different lineages to mix or reassort when two viruses infect the same host. Such reassortant viruses have been identified in most major human influenza pandemics and several poultry outbreaks. Despite their importance, we have only recently begun to understand AIV evolution and reassortment in their natural host reservoirs. This comprehensive study illustrates AIV evolutionary dynamics within a multihost ecosystem at a stopover site where three major migratory flyways intersect. Our analysis of this ecosystem over a 6-year period provides a snapshot of how these viruses are linked to global AIV populations. Understanding the evolution of AIVs in the natural host is imperative to mitigating both the risk of incursion into domestic poultry and the potential risk to mammalian hosts, including humans.
Predicting school adjustment from motor abilities in kindergarten

The present study assessed the relations between basic motor abilities in kindergarten and scholastic, social, and emotional adaptation in the transition to formal schooling. Seventy-one five-year-old kindergarten children were administered a battery of standard assessments of basic motor functions. A year later, children's adjustment to school was assessed via a series of questionnaires completed by the children and their class teachers. The results indicate that in addition to the already documented association between visual–motor integration and academic achievement, other motor functions show significant predictive value to both scholastic adaptation and social and emotional adjustment to school. The results further suggest a better prediction of scholastic adaptation and level of disruptive behaviour in school when using an aggregate measure of children's ability in various motor domains than when using assessments of singular motor functions. It is concluded that good motor ability may serve as a buffer to the normative challenges presented to children in the transition to school. In contrast, poor motor ability emerges as a vulnerability factor in the transition to formal schooling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corruption in Procurement and the Political Cycle in Tunneling: Evidence from Financial Transactions Data

We provide evidence of corruption in allocation of public procurement and assess its efficiency. Firms with procurement revenue increase tunneling around regional elections, whereas neither tunneling of firms without procurement revenue, nor legitimate business of firms with procurement exhibits a political cycle. Data are consistent with the corruption channel—cash is tunneled to politicians in exchange for procurement contracts—and inconsistent with alternative channels. Using the strength of correlation between procurement revenue and tunneling around elections as a proxy for local corruption, we reject the "efficient grease" hypothesis: in more corrupt localities, procurement contracts go to unproductive firms. (JEL D22, D72, H57, K42, P26, P31, P37)
C-ITS Use Cases: Study, Extension and Classification Methodology

In the near future vehicles will be connected and able to communicate with their environment. Such technologies - commonly called Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) - aim at improving road safety, traffic efficiency and drivers comfort. To this end the C-ITS community has proposed many different use cases. In this paper, we start by making an inventory of C-ITS use cases. We then extend this list by proposing new use cases mostly related to security and privacy aspects. Finally we propose a classification methodology based on K-means algorithm to classify the use cases according to criteria we defined. We apply the proposed methodology on our use cases list using security and technical criteria. The obtained results enable to extract a subset of representative use cases from the initial list. Such subset can then be used to apply any process/method (e.g. risk analysis) on it.
ynogkm: A new public code for calculating time-like geodesics in the Kerr-Newman spacetime

In this paper, we present a new public code, named ynogkm (Yun-Nan observatories geodesic in a Kerr-Newman spacetime for massive particles), for the fast calculation of time-like geodesics in the Kerr-Newman (K-N) spacetime, which is a direct extension of ynogk (Yun-Nan observatories geodesic Kerr) calculating null geodesics in a Kerr spacetime. Following the strategies used in ynogk, we also solve the equations of motion analytically and semi-analytically by using Weierstrass' and Jacobi's elliptic functions and integrals in which the Boyer-Lidquist (B-L) coordinates r, theta, phi, t and the proper time sigma are expressed as functions of an independent variable p (Mino time). All of the elliptic integrals are computed by Carlson's elliptic integral method, which guarantees the fast speed of the code. Finally, the code is applied to a couple of toy problems.
Rab28 function in trypanosomes: interactions with retromer and ESCRT pathways

Early endosomal cargo is typically targeted to either a degradative or recycling pathway. Despite established functions for the retromer and ESCRT complexes at late endosomes/multivesicular bodies, the mechanisms integrating and coordinating these functions remain largely unknown. Rab family GTPases are key membrane trafficking organizers and could contribute. Here, in the unicellular organism Trypanosoma brucei, we demonstrate that Rab28 locates to the endosomal pathway and partially colocalizes with Vps23, an ESCRT I component. Rab28 is required for turnover of endocytosed proteins and for lysosomal delivery of protein cargo. Using RNA interference we find that in Rab28-depleted cells, protein levels of ESCRT I (Vps23/28) and retromer (Vps26) are also decreased, suggesting that Rab28 is an important regulator of these factors. We suggest that Rab28 coordinates the activity of retromer-dependent trafficking and ESCRT-mediated degradative pathways.
Effect of quantity and placement distances of inorganic 15-15-15 fertilizer in improving soil fertility status and the performance and yield of maize in a tropical rain forest zone of Nigeria

The high cost of mineral fertilizer in crop production had necessitated an investigation into the optimum fertilizer rate for profitable maize production. The study was conducted in Akure (7°15’N, 5°12’E) in Nigeria in 2007 and revalidated in 2008. The experimental design was a split plot method in a randomized complete block with fertilizer quantity as the main plot and fertilizer placement distance of maize plant as the sub plots. The NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer rates in the main plot were 0,150,200,250 and 300 kg NPK/ha, while distances of application of the maize plants that formed the subplots were 10, 15 and 20 cm. Improved maize growth parameters were observed in plots treated with fertilizers at 300 and 250 kg per hectare and at placement distances of 10 and 15 cm with higher yield and corresponding higher net revenue. The economic analysis confirmed the efficient use of fertilizer to lift small holder maize farming from subsistence levels to a more business-oriented agricultural economy. Key words: Optimum fertilizer use, inorganic fertilizer, soil fertility, maize performance and yield
Establishment of Community Managed Fisheries’ Closures in Kenya: Early Evolution of the Tengefu Movement

Abstract Community-based management (CBM) could be an essential tool to prevent the depletion of marine resources in the Western Indian Ocean region. In Kenya, political pressure to strengthen local governance, has led to adoption of CBM as a way of reducing over-exploitation and managing the competing uses and impacts on the marine environment. Several communities in Kenya have embraced CBM and have set aside or closed previously fished areas to enhance recovery of fisheries and biodiversity. These community fisheries closures (locally called tengefu), despite being degraded, may recover to finfish abundances and biodiversity levels similar to established MPAs or above thresholds for maintaining some ecological services. Communities see their direct involvement and control of these tengefu as more likely to result in benefits flowing directly to them. Community closures are also important for articulating and resolving community values and strengthening their management capacity. Here, we describe the evolution of the tengefu movement in Kenya and combine information from focus group discussions, interviews, underwater surveys and boundary marking to evaluate the current status, opportunities and challenges facing these tengefu. We show that in some cases community closures suffer from slow and incomplete national and local legislative processes, challenges to compliance, and weak management.
Automatic Detection of Incoherent Speech for Diagnosing Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder which afflicts an estimated 0.7% of adults world wide. It affects many areas of mental function, often evident from incoherent speech. Diagnosing schizophrenia relies on subjective judgments resulting in disagreements even among trained clinicians. Recent studies have proposed the use of natural language processing for diagnosis by drawing on automatically-extracted linguistic features like discourse coherence and lexicon. Here, we present the first benchmark comparison of previously proposed coherence models for detecting symptoms of schizophrenia and evaluate their performance on a new dataset of recorded interviews between subjects and clinicians. We also present two alternative coherence metrics based on modern sentence embedding techniques that outperform the previous methods on our dataset. Lastly, we propose a novel computational model for reference incoherence based on ambiguous pronoun usage and show that it is a highly predictive feature on our data. While the number of subjects is limited in this pilot study, our results suggest new directions for diagnosing common symptoms of schizophrenia.
Normal electrocardiogram values of healthy children

Aim: Electrocardiography is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of cardiac diseases. Normal electrocardiograms are age-dependent and may also vary due to several factors. Many studies have been performed to establish the normal values for the childhood period. The aim of this study was to determine the normal electrocardiograms values for healthy Turkish children in Aydın. Material and Methods: All children underwent physical examination by a pediatrician and the electrocardiograms were analyzed by the same pediatrician. In the event of improper or insufficient data, the analyses were repeated. Children with a suspicious electrocardiograms or physical examination were recalled and examined by same pediatric cardiologist in outpatient clinic. Results: In this study, electrocardiogram records were collected randomly from 1163 children with a sampling rate of 500 Hz. Of the children, 562 were female (47.4%) and 601 were male (52.6%). The total population was divided into ten age groups. Significant differences in normal limits were determined compared with previously published studies. Conclusion: The observed differences in various electrocardiograms parameters could be related to biologic variability and to some technical details such as precordial electrode placement and visual checking of the records in addition to race.
Biochemical Studies on the Effect of Some Biofertilizers on the Chemical Constituents in Wheat Grains

A field experiment was conducted at Gazala Farm to study the effect of some biofertilizer; power max, citreen and Ectavol on the yield and some biochemical constituents in wheat grains. These results can be summarized as following; All treatments increased the grain yield of both varieties; Gimmaz-11 and sids-12; but using Ectavol treatment is more effective than those of other treatment. The foliar application of power max treatments gave the highest value of total nitrogen in wheat grains. The variation of proteins fractions; Globulin and Albumin’ did not show clear trend especially in case of Gimmaza-l0 cultivars. Power max treatments increased the content of amino acids, while, Citreen and Ectavol treatments decreased the most of amino acids. All treatments caused slightly increased the total soluble sugars of wheat grains . foliar application of Ectavol gave the highest increase of total carbohydrate and starch content of wheat grains. The highest increase of disaccharides (maltose and sucrose) resulted by citreen and Ectavol treatments. All treatment has a little decreasing effect on water adsorption dough development and stability time of dough in flour wheat grain. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were increased by foliar application of some biofertilizers. The highest increase of these elements resulted by Ectavol treatment.
Applying Asset Pricing Theory to Calibrate the Price of Climate Risk

Pricing greenhouse gas emissions involves making trade-offs between consumption today and unknown damages in the (distant) future. This setup calls for an optimal control model to determine the carbon dioxide (CO2) price. It also relies on society’s willingness to substitute consumption across time and across uncertain states of nature, the forte of Epstein-Zin preference specifications. We develop the EZ-Climate model, a simple discrete-time optimization model in which uncertainty about the effect of CO2 emissions on global temperature and on eventual damages is gradually resolved over time. We embed a number of features including potential tail risk, exogenous and endogenous technological change, and backstop technologies. The EZ-Climate model suggests a high optimal carbon price today that is expected to decline over time as uncertainty about the damages is resolved. It also points to the importance of backstop technologies and to very large deadweight costs of delay. We decompose the optimal carbon price into two components: expected discounted damages and the risk premium.