Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forty‐Three Fatalities Involving the Synthetic Cannabinoid, 5‐Fluoro‐ADB: Forensic Pathology and Toxicology Implications

Forty‐three fatalities involving the potent synthetic cannabinoid, 5‐Fluoro‐ADB, are summarized. For each case, a description of the terminal event, autopsy findings, cause of death, qualitative identification of 5‐Fluoro‐ADB and its ester hydrolysis metabolite, 5‐Fluoro‐ADB metabolite 7, in urine, and the quantitative values obtained in the blood specimens are outlined. Central blood concentrations ranged from 0.010 to 2.2 ng/mL for 5‐Fluoro‐ADB and 2.0 to 166 ng/mL for 5‐Fluoro‐ADB metabolite 7. Peripheral blood concentrations ranged from 0.010 to 0.77 ng/mL and 2.0 to 110 ng/mL for 5‐Fluoro‐ADB and 5‐Fluoro‐ADB metabolite 7, respectively. The majority of cases resulted in central to peripheral blood concentration ratios greater than 1 for 5‐Fluoro‐ADB (58%) and 5‐Fluoro‐ADB metabolite 7 (71%) suggesting that postmortem redistribution occurs to some extent. Combining the increased cardiac weight and/or gastric volume and toxicology data identifying 5‐Fluoro‐ADB, it is hypothesized that abuse of this substance may precipitate a dysrhythmia and cause sudden death.
Development of an oral reference dose for the perfluorinated compound GenX

Ammonium 2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐2‐(heptafluoropropoxy)‐propanoate, also known as GenX, is a processing aid used in the manufacture of fluoropolymers. GenX is one of several chemistries developed as an alternative to long‐chain poly‐fluoroalkyl substances, which tend to have long clearance half‐lives and are environmentally persistent. Unlike poly‐fluoroalkyl substances, GenX has more rapid clearance, but has been detected in US and international water sources. There are currently no federal drinking water standards for GenX in the USA; therefore, we developed a non‐cancer oral reference dose (RfD) for GenX based on available repeated dose studies. The review of the available data indicate that GenX is unlikely to be genotoxic. A combination of traditional frequentist benchmark dose models and Bayesian benchmark dose models were used derive relevant points of departure from mammalian toxicity studies. In addition, deterministic and probabilistic RfD values were developed using available tools and regulatory guidance. The two approaches resulted in a narrow range of RfD values for liver lesions observed in a 2‐year bioassay in rats (0.01–0.02 mg/kg/day). The probabilistic approach resulted in the lower, i.e., more conservative RfD. The probabilistic RfD of 0.01 mg/kg/day results in a maximum contaminant level goal of 70 ppb. It is anticipated that these values, along with the hazard identification and dose‐response modeling described herein, should be informative for risk assessors and regulators interested in setting health‐protective drinking water guideline values for GenX.
Biometrics Based on Single-Trial EEG

The biometrics based on resting state electroencephalography (EEG) is better than other EEG-based authentication protocols in terms of usability because it does not require any external stimuli and has a relatively short authentication time. Most of previous resting state EEG-based authentication systems have used a relatively long EEG data (e.g., > 1 min) measured once, and they were segmented to create many trials (e.g., > 100). In this case, however, it is difficult to reflect real-authentication situations in which a user repetitively uses an authentication system in different time points. Therefore, we propose to use single trials repetitively measured for short time (10 s). In the experiment, resting state EEGs were measured while fifteen subjects opened and closed their eyes 30 times for 10 s each. The measured EEG data were divided into three conditions, which are eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), and difference between EC and EO (Diff). We extracted power spectral density (PSD) ranging from 3 to 20 Hz as features for classification, with which a binary classification based on a 5×5-fold cross-validation was performed for each subject using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The mean authentication accuracies of EC, EO, and Diff were 97.05 ± 5.4, 92.5 ± 8.2, and 85.3 ± 7.0 %, respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of single-trial-based EEG authentication. EC could be an optimal condition for developing a resting-state EEG authentication system based on single trial.
Barriers to access in pediatric living‐donor liver transplantation

Children receiving a LDLT have superior post‐transplant outcomes, but this procedure is only used for 10% of transplant recipients. Better understanding about barriers toward LDLT and the sociodemographic characteristics that influence these underlying mechanisms would help to inform strategies to increase its use. We conducted an online, anonymous survey of parents/caregivers for children awaiting, or have received, a liver transplant regarding their knowledge and attitudes about LDLT. The survey was completed by 217 respondents. While 97% of respondents understood an individual could donate a portion of their liver, only 72% knew the steps in evaluation, and 69% understood the donor surgery was covered by the recipient's insurance. Individuals with public insurance were less likely than those with private insurance to know the steps for LDLT evaluation (44% vs 82%; P < 0.001). Respondents with public insurance were less likely to know someone that had been a living donor (44% vs 56%; P = 0.005) as were individuals without a college degree (64% vs 85%; P = 0.007). Nearly all respondents generally trusted their healthcare team. Among respondents, 82% believed they were well‐informed about LDLT but individuals with public insurance were significantly less likely to feel well‐informed (67% vs 87%; P = 0.03) and to understand how donor surgery might impact donor work/time off (44% vs 81%; P = 0.001). Substantial gaps exist in parental understanding about LDLT, including its evaluation, potential benefits, and complications. Greater emphasis on addressing these barriers, especially to individuals with fewer resources, will be helpful to expand the use of LDLT.
Words are Vectors, Dependencies are Matrices: Learning Word Embeddings from Dependency Graphs

Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs) construct vector representations of word meanings based on their contexts. Typically, the contexts of a word are defined as its closest neighbours, but they can also be retrieved from its syntactic dependency relations. In this work, we propose a new dependency-based DSM. The novelty of our model lies in associating an independent meaning representation, a matrix, with each dependency-label. This allows it to capture specifics of the relations between words and contexts, leading to good performance on both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation tasks. In addition to that, our model has an inherent ability to represent dependency chains as products of matrices which provides a straightforward way of handling further contexts of a word.
Clinical Results of Comprehensive Medication Management Services in Primary Care in Belo Horizonte

The high prevalence of chronic diseases and use of multiple medications identified in Primary Health Care (PHC) suggest the need for the implementation of Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM) services. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical results of CMM services in a Brazilian PHC setting. A quasi-experimental study was performed with patients followed-up for two years (n = 90). Factors associated with the detection of four drug therapy problems (DTP) or more in the initial assessment were evaluated (univariate and multivariate analyses), as well as the clinical impact observed in laboratory parameters (HbA1c, Blood Pressure, LDL- and HDL-covariance analysis). A predominance of women (61.1%), a mean age of 65.5 years, and a prevalence of polypharmacy (87.8%)—use of five or more drugs—were observed. A total of 441 DTP was identified, 252 required interventions with the prescriber, 67.9% of which were accepted and 59.6% were solved. The main DTP were ‘non-adherence’ (28.1%), ‘need for additional drug therapy’ (21.8%), and ‘low dose’ (19.5%). Hypertension was positively associated with the identification of four DTP or more. A statistically significant reduction was detected in all assessed laboratory parameters (p < 0.05). CMM services contributed to the resolution of DTP and improved clinical outcomes.
Strategies and tactics of behavioral research

Part 1. The Natural Science of Behavior. Science and Scientific Behavior. Behavior as a Scientific Subject Matter. Asking Experimental Questions. Part 2. Measurement. Selecting and Defining Response Classes. Dimensional Quantities and Units of Measurement. Observing and Recording. Assessing Measurement. Part 3. Design. Behavioral Variability. Steady States and Transitions. Strategic Issues in Experimental Design. Creating Experimental Designs. Part 4. Interpretation. Analyzing Behavioral Data. Interpreting Experiments.
Using Wiktionary as a resource for WSD : the case of French verbs

As opposed to word sense induction, word sense disambiguation (WSD) has the advantage of us-ing interpretable senses, but requires annotated data, which are quite rare for most languages except English (Miller et al. 1993; Fellbaum, 1998). In this paper, we investigate which strategy to adopt to achieve WSD for languages lacking data that was annotated specifically for the task, focusing on the particular case of verb disambiguation in French. We first study the usability of Eurosense (Bovi et al. 2017) , a multilingual corpus extracted from Europarl (Kohen, 2005) and automatically annotated with BabelNet (Navigli and Ponzetto, 2010) senses. Such a resource opened up the way to supervised and semi-supervised WSD for resourceless languages like French. While this perspective looked promising, our evaluation on French verbs was inconclusive and showed the annotated senses’ quality was not sufficient for supervised WSD on French verbs. Instead, we propose to use Wiktionary, a collaboratively edited, multilingual online dictionary, as a resource for WSD. Wiktionary provides both sense inventory and manually sense tagged examples which can be used to train supervised and semi-supervised WSD systems. Yet, because senses’ distribution differ in lexicographic examples found in Wiktionary with respect to natural text, we then focus on studying the impact on WSD of the training data size and senses’ distribution. Using state-of-the art semi-supervised systems, we report experiments of Wiktionary-based WSD for French verbs, evaluated on FrenchSemEval (FSE), a new dataset of French verbs manually annotated with wiktionary senses.
miR-337 suppresses cutaneous T-cell lymphoma via the STAT3 pathway

ABSTRACT Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is associated with the downregulation of miR-337 expression, although the exact underlying mechanism is unknown. In the present work, we investigated the molecular mechanism and function of miR-337 in regulating CTCL cell viability and invasion. We observed that miR-337 expression was downregulated in both CTCL tumors and cell lines. Furthermore, CCK assay, BrdU incorporation assay, and flow cytometry revealed that transfection with the miR-337 mimic resulted in decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic levels in CTCL cells. Results of the Transwell migration assay indicated that the miR-337 mimic decreased CTCL cell invasion in vitro. Both bioinformatics prediction and the dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-337 targets the 3′-UTR of STAT3 for silencing. Overexpression of STAT3 counteracted the pro-apoptotic influence of miR-337 in CTCL cell lines and restored their invasion properties. The results thus indicate that the miR-337-STAT3 axis inhibits the proliferation of malignant T cells and that miR-337 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for CTCL.
Taking Library Instruction into the Online Classroom: Best Practices for Embedded Librarians

ABSTRACT The proliferation of online courses has led librarians to adapt their instructional techniques and follow teaching faculty and students into the online environment. Moving beyond Web pages and online research guides, librarians are now becoming instructional partners in online course management systems. Through an online survey of librarians and a literature review, the authors examine best practices for these “embedded librarians. ”
A Scoping Review Mapping Research on Green Space and Associated Mental Health Benefits

Background: There is a growing interest in research investigating the association between green space (GS) and mental health and wellbeing (HWB), in order to understand the underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, there is a need to map the literature and create an overview of the research. Methods: A scoping review approach was used to map literature on GS, including context and co-exposures (the GS exposome), and their associations with mental HWB. The review considers mental HWB definitions and measurements and how GS is characterized. Furthermore, the review aims to identify knowledge gaps and make recommendations for future research. Results: We identified a great diversity in study designs, definitions, outcome measures, consideration of the totality of the GS exposome, and reporting of results. Around 70% of the 263 reviewed studies reported a positive association between some aspect of GS and HWB. However, there is a limited amount of research using randomized controlled crossover trails (RCTs) and mixed methods and an abundance of qualitative subjective research. Conclusions: The discords between study designs, definitions, and the reporting of results makes it difficult to aggregate the evidence and identify any potential causal mechanisms. We propose key points to consider when defining and quantifying GS and make recommendations for reporting on research investigating GS and mental HWB. This review highlights a need for large well-designed RCTs that reliably measure the GS exposome in relation to mental HWB.
The unmet needs of carers of stroke survivors: An evaluation of Google search results

Google is the most used search engine in the world, and likely to be used by caregivers of stroke survivors to find online forums and online communities to connect with other caregivers. This study aims to identify the types of websites accessed by caregivers of stroke survivors to connect with other caregivers, and analyse the online content produced by caregivers to identify their unmet needs. The first 20 websites from eight search strings entered into Google were systematically reviewed. Unmet needs on included websites were identified using a pre-determined coding schedule. Six websites were analysed. Most were discussion boards (n = 5, 83%) developed by organisations in the United States (n = 4, 66.6%). Overall, 2124 unmet needs appeared in 896 posts from caregivers. ‘Emotional and psychological’ were the most reported needs across posts (n = 765, 36%). Content produced on websites may address social isolation and provide insight into delivering and developing services to meet the needs of caregivers of stroke survivors.
Public Health Messages Associated with Low UV Index Values Need Reconsideration

Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main modifiable risk factor for skin cancer. The Global Solar Ultraviolet Index (UVI) was introduced as a tool to visualize the intensity of UV radiation on a certain day, which should enable and encourage people to take appropriate protective measures. The ‘low’ exposure category of the UVI, defined by a rounded UVI value of 0, 1 or 2, was linked to the health message ‘No protection required’ by the World Health Organization and partner organizations. However, published evidence corroborating this advice is not available. To evaluate the erythemal risk of low UVI days, we analyzed 14,431 daily time series of ambient erythemal irradiance data measured at nine stations of the German solar UV monitoring network during the years 2007–2016. We analyzed the proportion of days in the sample for which ambient erythemal doses calculated for various time intervals exceed average minimal erythemal doses (MEDs) of the Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I–VI to assess the potential for erythema arising from sun exposure on days with low UVI values. Additionally, we calculated for each day the minimum exposure duration needed to receive one MED. Our results indicate that on days with a UVI value of 0, risk of erythema is indeed negligible. Conversely, the abovementioned health message appears misleading when melano-compromised individuals (skin type I and II) spend more than 1.5 hours outdoors on days with a UVI value of 2. Under rare circumstances of prolonged exposure, MEDs of the two most sensitive skin types can also be exceeded even on days with a UVI value of 1. Hence, current WHO guidance for sun protection on days with low UVI values needs reconsideration.
Tensors, differential forms, and variational principles

The aim of this book is to present a self-contained, reasonably modern account of tensor analysis and the calculus of exterior differential forms, adapted to the needs of physicists, engineers and applied mathematicians. In the later, increasingly sophisticated chapters, the interaction between the concept of invariance and the calculus of variations is examined. This interaction is of profound importance to all physical field theories.
Student-Generated Tests and Their Impact on EFL Students' Learning of Grammar / Öğrencilerin Ürettiği Testler ve Onların Yabancı Dil Olarak İngilizce Öğrenen Öğrencilerin Dilbilgisi Öğrenimi Üzerindeki Etkisi

Bu calisma, Ingilizce’yi yabanci dil olarak ogrenen ogrencilerin urettikleri testlerin onlarin dilbilgisi ogrenimlerine etkisi hakkinda bir arastirmayi rapor etmektedir. Bu baglamda, orta duzeydeki 68 Iranli universite ogrencisi deney ve control gruplarina yerlestirilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda deney grubundaki ogrenciler kontrol grubundakilerden anlamli derecede daha iyi bir performans sergilemislerdir. Bu da test hazirlamanin ogrencilerin dilbilgisi ogrenimleri uzerinde olumlu bir etkisi oldugunu gostermektedir.
Identification of 17 mRNAs and a miRNA as an integrated prognostic signature for lung squamous cell carcinoma

Gene signatures for predicting the outcome of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) have been employed for many years. However, various signatures have been applied in clinical practice. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to filter out an effective LUSC prognostic gene signature by simultaneously integrating mRNA and microRNA (miRNA).
Temperament and character in homicidal patients with schizophrenia

Abstract Background: Understanding the etiology of violence in patients with schizophrenia is an issue of great clinical and public importance. Although personality traits are an important aspect in determining complex behaviors of schizophrenia patients, there is a lack of research on the relationship between personality traits and violence, especially homicidal behavior, in this population. Aim: We aimed to compare temperament and character dimensions between homicidal and other mostly violent forensic patients with schizophrenia, and to determine which temperament and character dimensions are associated with homicidal behavior in these patients. Methods: We recruited 71 male forensic schizophrenia patients without concomitant substance dependence and antisocial personality disorder. The patients were divided into two groups according to trial documentation as: (1) Homicide and attempted homicide group (N 30; 42%), and (2) Other offenses group (N 41; 58%). Patients were assessed by means of the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Differences between groups were tested with t-test. Results: The two groups of patients were similar in their PANSS scores, but the homicidal men were significantly more likely to show higher harm avoidance (HA) scores than the less violent comparison men (t = 2,876, df-69, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Our results indicate that forensic schizophrenic patients with higher HA scores would show a greater risk of homicidal violence. Improved understanding of personality traits associated with such behavior is needed in order to prevent homicidal behavior. Importance of these results suggests that further study is needed.
Transcriptomic correlates of electrophysiological and morphological diversity within and across excitatory and inhibitory neuron classes

In order to further our understanding of how gene expression contributes to key functional properties of neurons, we combined publicly accessible gene expression, electrophysiology, and morphology measurements to identify cross-cell type correlations between these data modalities. Building on our previous work using a similar approach, we distinguished between correlations which were “class-driven,” meaning those that could be explained by differences between excitatory and inhibitory cell classes, and those that reflected graded phenotypic differences within classes. Taking cell class identity into account increased the degree to which our results replicated in an independent dataset as well as their correspondence with known modes of ion channel function based on the literature. We also found a smaller set of genes whose relationships to electrophysiological or morphological properties appear to be specific to either excitatory or inhibitory cell types. Next, using data from PatchSeq experiments, allowing simultaneous single-cell characterization of gene expression and electrophysiology, we found that some of the gene-property correlations observed across cell types were further predictive of within-cell type heterogeneity. In summary, we have identified a number of relationships between gene expression, electrophysiology, and morphology that provide testable hypotheses for future studies.
Cortical Regions Associated with Visual-Auditory Integration: an fNIRS study

This paper is to explore the specific cortical regions associated with a visual-auditory integration. Cortical activities were acquired by fNIRS during rhythm game which offered visual-auditory stimulation with synchronous and asynchronous situations. Nine subjects have participated in the experiment. The results from group analysis showed that time difference between auditory and visual stimuli affected the change of cortical activation in terms of the concentration change of oxygenated hemoglobin. Especially, the cortical activation went higher in right hemisphere than left hemisphere except Broca’s area. Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) and Middle Temporal Gyrus (MTG) were observed as the cortical regions directly engaged in human visual-auditory integration processing.