Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social jetlag and menstrual symptoms among female university students

ABSTRACT Menstrual symptoms may have a significant impact on women’s lives. Many women experience menses-related health problems, such as menstrual pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, and premenstrual syndrome, during their reproductively fertile years. Circadian misalignment in shift workers has been reported to contribute to menstrual cycle irregularity and/or painful menstruation. However, the relationship between social jetlag (SJL) and menstrual symptoms/menstrual cycle has not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to elucidate this relationship among female university students. One-hundred and fifty female university students (mean [SD]: 18.8 [0.71]-years old) completed self-reported questionnaires consisting of menstrual symptoms and menstrual cycle, sleep quality and sleep habits, quality of life, and demographic variables. The average menstrual cycle was 32.0 [5.4] days. The percentage of students who showed menstrual cycle irregularity, having less than 25 days or more than 39 days of menstrual cycle during the previous four menstrual cycles, was 60.6%. SJL, the difference between mid-sleep time on free days and mid-sleep time on school days, was categorized into small (absolute SJL < 1 h) or large (≥1 h). Overall, 78.0% of participants had SJL ≥ 1 h. Among the menstrual symptoms, pain, behavioral change, and water retention subscale scores were significantly higher in the SJL ≥ 1 h group than in the SJL < 1 h group. However, no significant differences were found in concentration, autonomic reaction, or negative affect subscale scores between the two groups. The menstrual cycle was 31.2 [5.5] days in the SJL < 1 h group and 32.2 [5.4] days in the SJL ≥ 1 h group, without significant difference. Logistic regression analysis showed that more than 1 h of SJL was a significant associated factor with severe menstrual symptom, independently of sleep duration and late chronotype. This study indicated that SJL was a significant factor associated with severe menstrual symptoms, suggesting the possibilities of association between circadian system and reproductive function among humans.
How Latino Children in the U.S. Engage in Collaborative Online Information Problem Solving with their Families

Approximately 8 million U.S. children have at least one immigrant parent. Lower-socioeconomic (SES) immigrant parents often rely on their children's language skills to problem-solve family needs-a practice known as brokering. Yet it is unknown how children use their language and digital literacy skills to search and broker information online. This paper examines how children with lower-SES immigrant parents search and broker information online. We focused on Latino families as they are the fastest growing U.S. minority group. We conducted in-home interviews and observations of search tasks with 23 parent-child dyads. We demonstrate: (1) how Online Search and Brokering (OSB) is impacted by familial values and resources at an individual, family, community, and digital infrastructure level, and (2) through search vignettes, how parent-child dyads problem-solve family needs through OSB. Our work demonstrates a different purpose of technology use in families: intergenerational, bilingual, and online co-searching to problem-solve family needs.
The Complexity of Finite-Valued CSPs

We study the computational complexity of exact minimization of rational-valued discrete functions. Let Γ be a set of rational-valued functions on a fixed finite domain; such a set is called a finite-valued constraint language. The valued constraint satisfaction problem, VCSP(Γ), is the problem of minimizing a function given as a sum of functions from Γ. We establish a dichotomy theorem with respect to exact solvability for all finite-valued constraint languages defined on domains of arbitrary finite size. We show that every constraint language Γ either admits a binary symmetric fractional polymorphism, in which case the basic linear programming relaxation solves any instance of VCSP(Γ) exactly, or Γ satisfies a simple hardness condition that allows for a polynomial-time reduction from Max-Cut to VCSP(Γ).
The race between prepackaged and tailor-made software: implications from industry IT lifecycle

Should firms invest in designing software tailored to their needs or directly buy prepackaged software from the market? The race between prepackaged and tailor-made software has been long concerned by IT scholars and practitioners. However, our knowledge has been relatively fragmented or even contradictor y and empirical evidences are sparse. Drawing on studies on the industry lifecycle, we propose a new framework for understanding the race between them. Using industry-level data for U.S. private industries from 1998 to 2013, we empirically find that the relative advantage between these two kinds of software would change as industries evolve from ferment towards maturity along the industry IT lifecycle. Our findings provide insights on understanding the race between these two kinds of software and offer lessons for the users and policy makers.
Optimal transport for semi-supervised domain adaptation

Domain adaption for semi-supervised learning is still a challenging task. Indeed, available solutions are often slow and fail to provide relevant interpretations. Here we propose a new algorithm to solve this problem of semi-supervised domain adaptation eﬃciently, by using an adapted combination of transportation algorithms. Our empirical evidence supports our initial intuition, showing the interest of the proposed method.
The impact of agent facial mimicry on social behavior in a prisoner's dilemma

A long tradition of research suggests a relationship between emotional mimicry and pro-social behavior, but the nature of this relationship is unclear. Does mimicry cause rapport and cooperation, or merely reflect it? Virtual humans can provide unique insights into these social processes by allowing unprecedented levels of experimental control. In a 2 x 2 factorial design, we examined the impact of facial mimicry and counter-mimicry in the iterated prisoner's dilemma. Participants played with an agent that copied their smiles and frowns or one that showed the opposite pattern -- i.e., that frowned when they smiled. As people tend to smile more than frown, we independently manipulated the contingency of expressions to ensure any effects are due to mimicry alone, and not the overall positivity/negativity of the agent: i.e., participants saw either a reflection of their own expressions or saw the expressions shown to a previous participant. Results show that participants smiled significantly more when playing an agent that mimicked them. Results also show a complex association between smiling, feelings of rapport, and cooperation. We discuss the implications of these findings on virtual human systems and theories of cooperation.
Ellisras Longitudinal Study 2017: The relationship between waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, skinfolds and blood pressure among young adults in Ellisras, South Africa (ELS 14).

BACKGROUND Obesity and hypertension are major risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the world today. The relationship between indicators of obesity and blood pressure needs attention in the rural South African population. AIM This study examined the relationship between anthropometric parameters and blood pressure (BP) among young adults in the Ellisras rural area of South Africa. METHODS A total of 742 (365 females and 377 males) young adults aged 22 to 30 years, who were part of the Ellisras Longitudinal Study (ELS), participated in the research. Anthropometric and BP measurements were taken using the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between anthropometric parameters and BP. The risk of developing hypertension among young Elisras adults was evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS The results indicted a higher but on-significant prevalence of hypertension in men (2.7%) than women (2.4%). Linear regression showed a significant positive (p < 0.05) association between waist circumference and systolic BP (β = 0.273, 95% CI: 0.160-0.386), even after being adjusted for age and gender (β = 253, 95% CI: 0.127-0.343). The risk for developing hypertension was significant ( p < 0.05) for waist circumference (OR = 2.091, 95% CI: 1.129-3.871) after adjustment for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS Of all anthropometric parameters, waist circumference was most significantly associated with BP ( p < 0.05). Anthropometric indicators of obesity were strong predictors of hypertension among young adults in the Ellisras rural area.
SWAN: Mitigating Hardware Trojans with Design Ambiguity

For the past decade, security experts have warned that malicious engineers could modify hardware designs to include hardware back-doors (trojans), which, in turn, could grant attackers full control over a system. Proposed defenses to detect these attacks have been outpaced by the development of increasingly small, but equally dangerous, trojans. To thwart trojan-based attacks, we propose a novel architecture that maps the security-critical portions of a processor design to a one-time programmable, LUT-free fabric. The programmable fabric is automatically generated by analyzing the HDL of targeted modules. We present our tools to generate the fabric and map functionally equivalent designs onto the fabric. By having a trusted party randomly select a mapping and configure each chip, we prevent an attacker from knowing the physical location of targeted signals at manufacturing time. In addition, we provide decoy options (canaries) for the mapping of security-critical signals, such that hardware trojans hitting a decoy are thwarted and exposed. Using this defense approach, any trojan capable of analyzing the entire configurable fabric must employ complex logic functions with a large silicon footprint, thus exposing it to detection by inspection. We evaluated our solution on a RISC-V BOOM processor and demonstrated that, by providing the ability to map each critical signal to 6 distinct locations on the chip, we can reduce the chance of attack success by an undetectable trojan by 99%, incurring only a 27% area overhead.
Efficacy of carbidopa-levodopa extended-release capsules (IPX066) in the treatment of Parkinson Disease

ABSTRACT Introduction: Levodopa is the most efficacious and best-tolerated drug for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD). To improve the treatment of PD, recent research initiatives have aimed to optimize the pharmacokinetic plasma behavior of L-dopa. Areas covered: This non-systematic, narrative drug evaluation brings the therapeutic value of IPX066 up for discussion. IPX066 is an orally applied levodopa/carbidopa containing formulation with modified drug release. It is rapidly absorbed, similar to conventional immediate-release levodopa preparations. The IPX066 capsule continuously releases levodopa during its passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Expert opinion: IPX066 provides more constant therapeutic levodopa plasma concentrations over longer periods. Furthermore, the IPX066 study program showed superior efficacy of IPX066 than conventional oral levodopa/carbidopa preparations for the treatment of motor complications, particularly with OFF intervals. IPX066 also reduced the frequency of oral levodopa intake. IPX066 may also improve the patient´s compliance due to its simplified drug regimen. The marketing of IPX066 outside the US is complex since in countries like Germany, health-care payers only consider innovation in terms of mode of action whereas innovation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties is disregarded.
Deletion of a specific exon in the voltage-gated calcium channel gene cacophony disrupts locomotion in Drosophila larvae

ABSTRACT TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates transcription, translation and alternative splicing of mRNA. We have shown previously that null mutations of the Drosophila ortholog, Tar DNA-binding homolog (tbph), causes severe locomotion defects in larvae that are mediated by a reduction in the expression of a type II voltage-gated calcium channel, cacophony (cac). We also showed that TDP-43 regulates the inclusion of alternatively spliced exons of cacophony; tbph mutants showed significantly increased expression of cacophony isoforms lacking exon 7, a particularly notable finding as only one out of the 15 predicted isoforms lacks exon 7. To investigate the function of exon 7, we generated Drosophila mutant lines with a deletion that eliminates exon 7. This deletion phenocopies many defects in tbph mutants: a reduction in cacophony protein (Dmca1A) expression, locomotion defects in male and female third instar larvae, disrupted larval motor output, and also reduced activity levels in adult male flies. All these defects were rescued by expression of cacophony transcripts containing exon 7. By contrast, expression of a cacophony cDNA lacking exon 7 resulted in reduced cacophony protein levels and failed to rescue larval locomotion. Summary: The voltage-gated calcium channel gene cacophony encodes multiple alternatively spliced variants. CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing precisely eliminated a single cacophony exon in Drosophila, leading to larval crawling defects.
Ankomst och härkomst - en ESO-rapport om skolresultat och bakgrund

Sverige har de senaste aren tagit emot ett rekordstort antal flyktingbarn, manga i aldrarna 13 till 17 ar. Eftersom en slutford gymnasieutbildning ar en nyckel till arbete for ungdomar i Sverige ar .
Privacy in Context: Critically Engaging with Theory to Guide Privacy Research and Design

Privacy has been a key research theme in the CSCW and HCI communities, but the term is often used in an ad hoc and fragmented way. This is likely due to the fact that privacy is a complex and multi-faceted concept. This one-day workshop will facilitate discourse around key privacy theories and frameworks that can inform privacy research with the goal of producing guidelines for privacy researchers on how and when to incorporate which theories into various aspects of their empirical privacy research. This will lay the groundwork to move the privacy field forward.
Automatic Opinion Question Generation

We study the problem of opinion question generation from sentences with the help of community-based question answering systems. For this purpose, we use a sequence to sequence attentional model, and we adopt coverage mechanism to prevent sentences from repeating themselves. Experimental results on the Amazon question/answer dataset show an improvement in automatic evaluation metrics as well as human evaluations from the state-of-the-art question generation systems.
Narrow thermal tolerance and low dispersal drive higher speciation in tropical mountains

Significance Over 50 years ago, Dan Janzen proposed an integrative framework relating latitudinal differences in climate variability to elevational trends in species diversity. We show that tropical species in three independent insect clades have (i) narrower thermal breadths, (ii) decreased dispersal and higher population structure, and (iii) higher cryptic diversity and speciation rates. This research tests all of the key predictions of Janzen’s hypothesis in related taxa. Our work advances the understanding of how climate variability shapes global diversity patterns, moving beyond simple correlations, to mechanistic links between climate, local adaptation, dispersal, and montane species richness. Species richness is greatest in the tropics, and much of this diversity is concentrated in mountains. Janzen proposed that reduced seasonal temperature variation selects for narrower thermal tolerances and limited dispersal along tropical elevation gradients [Janzen DH (1967) Am Nat 101:233–249]. These locally adapted traits should, in turn, promote reproductive isolation and higher speciation rates in tropical mountains compared with temperate ones. Here, we show that tropical and temperate montane stream insects have diverged in thermal tolerance and dispersal capacity, two key traits that are drivers of isolation in montane populations. Tropical species in each of three insect clades have markedly narrower thermal tolerances and lower dispersal than temperate species, resulting in significantly greater population divergence, higher cryptic diversity, higher tropical speciation rates, and greater accumulation of species over time. Our study also indicates that tropical montane species, with narrower thermal tolerance and reduced dispersal ability, will be especially vulnerable to rapid climate change.
Fair enough: guaranteeing approximate maximin shares

We consider the problem of fairly allocating indivisible goods, focusing on a recently-introduced notion of fairness called maximin share guarantee: Each player's value for his allocation should be at least as high as what he can guarantee by dividing the items into as many bundles as there are players and receiving his least desirable bundle. Assuming additive valuation functions, we show that such allocations may not exist, but allocations guaranteeing each player 2/3 of the above value always exist, and can be computed in polynomial time when the number of players is constant. These theoretical results have direct practical implications.
Osteoporosis and dry eye syndrome: A previously unappreciated association that may alert active prevention of fall

Objective Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease associated with inflammation and hormone imbalance. It is noteworthy that dry eye syndrome shares a similar pathophysiology with osteoporosis. Both diseases are more prevalent among the elderly and females. Dry eye syndrome can result in impaired vision, which increases the risk of fall and fracture when osteoporosis exists. In this study, we investigated whether osteoporosis is associated with an increased risk of developing dry eye syndrome. Methods Claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan were used to conduct a retrospective population-based cohort study covering the period from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine whether osteoporosis is an independent factor in the risk of developing dry eye syndrome, with risk estimates presented in the form of odds ratios (ORs). Results The exclusion of patients with specific autoimmune diseases and those younger than 50 years old resulted in 42,365 patients in the osteoporosis group and 147,460 patients in the comparison group during the study period. The number of patients newly diagnosed with dry eye syndrome was 6,478 (15.29%) in the osteoporosis group and 15,396 (10.44%) in the comparison group. The crude OR of patients with osteoporosis developing dry eye syndrome was 1.55 and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.50–1.60. After adjusting for patients’ age, sex, and underlying comorbidities, the adjusted OR was 1.26 and the 95% CI was 1.22–1.30. Subgroup analysis revealed this association in each age group and among females but not among males. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that osteoporosis is a risk factor for the subsequent development of dry eye syndrome. Clinicians should be aware of the early symptoms of dry eye syndrome in osteoporotic patients in order to prevent further complications.
AxBA: An Approximate Bus Architecture Framework

Modern computing platforms expend significant amounts of time and energy in transmitting data across on-chip and off-chip interconnects. This challenge is exacerbated in prevalent data-intensive workloads such as machine learning, data analytics and search. However, these workloads also present a unique opportunity in the form of intrinsic resilience to approximations in computations and data. We explore approximate compression of communication traffic, which leverages this intrinsic resilience to improve communication bandwidth and reduce the energy consumed by interconnects. Specifically, we propose AxBA, an approximate bus architecture framework that is aware of the data amenable to approximations and seamlessly compresses/decompresses the corresponding transactions on the bus without requiring any changes to pre-designed masters and slaves. AxBA uses a lightweight compression scheme based on approximate deduplication, which is suitable for the tight latency constraints imposed by bus-based interconnects. To facilitate software development on AxBA-based systems, we introduce a software interface that enables programmers to identify regions of the system address space that are amenable to approximations. We also propose a run-time quality monitoring framework that automatically determines the error constraints for the identified regions such that a specified application-level quality is maintained. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concepts by realizing a prototype AxBA system on a Cyclone-IV FPGA development board using an Intel Nios II processor-based SoC. Across a suite of six machine learning benchmarks, AxBA obtains an average improvement in system performance of 29% and a 25% reduction in system-level energy for a 0.5% loss in application-level quality.
Enabling Users to Balance Social Benefit and Privacy in Online Social Networks

Attributes such as interests, workplace and relationship status in an Online Social Network (OSN) profile introduce a user to other OSN users. They can contribute to building new friendships as well as reviving and enhancing existing ones. However, the personal data revealed by the user himself or by his vicinity, i.e., his OSN friends, can also make him vulnerable to many privacy harms such as identity theft, stalking or sexual predation. So users have to carefully select the privacy settings for their profile attributes by keeping in mind the trade-off between privacy and social benefit. In this paper, we propose a usercentric two-phase approach, based on Integer Programming, to choose the right privacy settings. Our model assists the user to understand which privacy harms he can avoid, after tolerating residual risks, given his desired social benefit requirements and suggests the privacy settings he should adopt to achieve the maximum social benefit. Thus, users’ choices are based on both privacy risks and benefits, a view supported by the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We have tested our approach on user profiles with varying vicinities and social benefit requirements.
JUCBNMT at WMT2018 News Translation Task: Character Based Neural Machine Translation of Finnish to English

In the current work, we present a description of the system submitted to WMT 2018 News Translation Shared task. The system was created to translate news text from Finnish to English. The system used a Character Based Neural Machine Translation model to accomplish the given task. The current paper documents the preprocessing steps, the description of the submitted system and the results produced using the same. Our system garnered a BLEU score of 12.9.
Mobile Based Continuous Authentication Using Deep Features

Continuous authentication is a promising approach to validate the user's identity during a work session, e.g., for mobile banking applications. Recently, it has been demonstrated that changes in the motion patterns of the user may help to note the unauthorised use of mobile devices. Several approaches have been proposed in this area but with relatively weak performance results. In this work, we propose an approach which uses a Siamese convolutional neural network to learn the signatures of the motion patterns from users and achieve a competitive verification accuracy up to 97.8%. We also find our algorithm is not very sensitive to sampling frequency and the length of the sequence.