Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Membrane location of a deoxyribonuclease implicated in the genetic transformation of Diplococcus pneumoniae

The cellular localization of enzymes in Diplococcus pneumoniae was examined by fractionation of spheroplasts. A deoxyribonuclease implicated in the entry of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into the cell during genetic transformation was located in the cell membrane. This enzyme, the major endonuclease of the cell (endonuclease I), which is necessary for the conversion of donor DNA to single strands inside the cell and oligonucleotides outside, thus could act at the cell surface. Another enzyme, the cell wall lysin (autolysin), was also found in the membrane fraction. Other enzymes, including amylomaltase, two exonucleases, and adenosine triphosphate-dependent deoxyribonuclease, and a restriction type endonuclease, were located in the cytosol within the cell. None of the enzymes examined were predominantly periplasmic in location. Spheroplasts were obtained spontaneously on incubation of pneumococcal cells in concentrated sugar solutions. The autolytic enzyme appears to be involved in this process. Cells that were physiologically competent to take up DNA formed osmotically sensitive spheroplasts two to three times faster than cells that were not in the competent state. Although some genetically incompetent mutants also formed spheroplasts more slowly, other such mutants formed them at the faster rate.
Stride frequency and ventilation at constant carbon dioxide output.

To determine the consequences of two different stride frequencies on ventilation (VE) at similar levels of carbon dioxide production (VCO2), eleven male subjects performed two work tests on the treadmill. One test involved walking at a speed of 5 km/hr on a 15% grade while the other consisted of running on the treadmill at 9 km/hr on a 0% grade. Running increased stride frequency by 47%. The running and walking tests resulted in similar VCO2 levels, 1.85 +/- . 18 and 1.9 +/- . 20 l/min respectively, a non-significant difference. Ventilation during running was 43.73 +/- 6.51 l/min and during walking was 43.26 +/- 6.79 l/min, a non-significant difference. In addition the time constants for oxygen consumption (VCO2), VE and VCO2 were measured. The time constants for VCO2 and VE were not found to differ significantly during either the running or walking test. From our results, it can be seen that VE is more closely aligned to the metabolic state rather than stride frequency. In addition, the coupling of VE and VCO2 during the non-steady state is further indicative that ventilation is linked to the metabolic demands of the body.
Antemortem diagnosis of Baló concentric sclerosis: correlative MR imaging and pathologic features.

PURPOSE To report a case of a rare demyelinating disease called Baló concentric sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 32-year-old woman had left hemiparesis that progressed to hemiplegia, hemihypesthesia, and left hemianopsia. Laboratory evaluation was notable only for a mildly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and an elevated level of myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS The antemortem diagnosis was made on the basis of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain, which showed numerous areas of concentric demyelination alternating with "spared" white matter. With the exception of a temporary improvement with high-dosage intravenous steroid therapy, the clinical course was monophasic and relentless, leading to death approximately 1 year after the onset of symptoms. Pathologic examination helped confirm the diagnosis. CONCLUSION Because MR imaging shows alternating ringlike lesions involving the deep and superficial white matter, which correspond to pathologic findings, it may play a central role in antemortem diagnosis of this rare disease, leaving more invasive diagnostic procedures for evaluation of equivocal cases.
Psychology publications in the Journal of Sports Sciences 1996–2000: A survey and call to arms

There is a wide range of potential outlets for the publication of research in sport and exercise psychology, including multidisciplinary journals, speciality journals and mainstream psychology journals. With the recent launch of a new dedicated sport and exercise psychology journal under the leadership of a former Journal of Sports Sciences Psychology Section Editor, and the European College of Sport Science’ s new bi-monthly electronic journal, researchers in the area have never had more choice of where to submit their manuscripts. This being the case, I thought it timely to survey psychology publications in this Journal to examine the papers we publish and any change in the types of paper accepted in recent years. This survey covers the 5-year period from January 1996 to December 2000, a time of rapid expansion and increasing prominence for this Journal, during which the number of issues per year has doubled from six to twelve. I rather coarsely categorized publications into nine groups based upon their principal focus, with a further miscellaneous category that includes papers on topics that appeared less than three times over the survey period. These comprised papers on performance pro® ling, delivery of psychology services, physical self-perceptions, coaching behaviours, talent identi® cation, psychological skills, cognitive functioning and research methods. In addition, I report the numbers of empirically based contributions and reviews or conceptual papers (which includes one meta-analysis), and I have categorized all the empirical studies on the basis of whether they used experimental, quasi-experimental or survey designs. A further methodological category includes papers that were primarily concerned with scale development or validation. Published conference proceedings are not included but special issues of the Journal are. The results of this mini-survey are presented in Table 1. Seventy-four psychology papers were published over the 5-year period. Apart from the papers grouped in the miscellaneous category, papers concerned with ecological psychology and perception± action coupling
The Effects of Pain Relievers on Human Cytokine Interleukin-6 and Secretory Immunoglobulin A Production

Recent studies have shown that the use of NSAIDs and Acetaminophen affect the human immune response but none have focused on the changes of sIgA and IL-6. This study examined how over the counter (OTC) doses of Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Acetaminophen affected sIgA and IL-6 levels after seven days of consumption in fifteen healthy volunteers. Using ELISA, no changes were observed in sIgA and IL-6 levels after NSAID and Acetaminophen administration. These results suggest that when consumed at clinically available doses, NSAID and Acetaminophen do not affect sIgA and IL-6 production. Introduction Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders by targeting cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (Cox-1, Cox-2), which are responsible for prostaglandin (PG) production (Ryan et al. 2005). More than 60 million Americans regularly use NSAIDs. A recent study (Bancos et al. 2009) demonstrated that the use of widely available NSAIDs after infection or vaccination may lower host defense. Acetaminophen, another class of pain reliever, which inhibits pain impulse generation, lacks anti-inflammatory properties (Woo 2008). Acetaminophen is among the most commonly used and misused nonprescription medications in the United States (Dlugosz et al. 2006). Prymula et al. (2009) showed that prophylactic administration of Acetaminophen at the time of vaccinations reduces antibody responses to several vaccine antigens. The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules with specialized roles in host defense. The cell-mediated immunity, activated by Th1 cells and cytokines, involves the destruction of infected cells by NK cells, cytotoxic T-cells and activated macrophages. Humoral immunity depends on the production of antibodies, such as
Foundations of Sequence-Based Software Specification

Rigorous specification early in the software development process can greatly reduce the cost of later development and maintenance, as well as provide an explicit means to manage risk and identify and meet safety requirements. Sequence-based software specification is a collection of techniques for implementing rigorous, practical software specification. The primary result of this research is the sequence enumeration method of specification writing. Straightforward, systematic enumeration of all sequences to produce an arguably complete, consistent, and traceably correct specification is made practical by controlling the growth of the process.
Superfluidity and neutron star crust matter.

In this work we study properties of neutron star crusts, where matter is expected to consist of nuclei surrounded by superfluid neutrons and a homogeneous background of relativistic electrons. The nuclei are disposed in a Coulomb lattice, and it is believed that the structure of the lattice influences considerably the specific heat of the neutronic matter inside the crust of a neutron star. Using a modern meson--exchange potential in the framework of a local--density approximation we calculate the neutronic specific heat accounting for various shapes of the Coulomb lattice, from spherical to non--spherical nuclear shapes. We find that a realistic nucleon--nucleon potential leads to a significant increase in the neutronic specific heat with respect to that obtained assuming a uniform neutron distribution. The increase is largest for the non--spherical phase of the crust. These results may have consequences for the thermal history of young neutron stars.
Valuing people as individuals: development of an instrument through a survey of person-centredness in secondary care.

BACKGROUND Person-centred care is regarded as the optimum way of delivering health care and is defined as valuing people as individuals (Winefield et al. 1996). So how can practitioners find out if their service 'values people as individuals'? Serious doubts have been expressed about the validity of the concept of patient satisfaction and the ability of instruments to measure patients' views of care. However, qualitative research among people who had experienced problems with their health care has identified an alternative concept better able to articulate patient's complex experiences (Coyle 1997). The study found that that patients' identity was threatened by experiences perceived as dehumanizing, objectifying, disempowering and devaluing. Thus the concept of 'personal identity threat' showed the extent to which people felt valued (or not) as individuals. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the research reported in this paper is to build upon the earlier qualitative work and to identify the frequency and distribution of inpatients' experiences of 'personal identity threat'. DESIGN/METHODS The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Ninety-seven patients from general medical, surgical and otolaryngology wards completed a questionnaire developed from the qualitative study containing items on dehumanization, objectification, disempowerment and devaluation. FINDINGS Although many patients expressed positive sentiments about their care, problems were highlighted around power/control, involvement in care, and the approachability and availability of staff. The findings also revealed that women were more at risk than men of 'threats to identity' in health care settings. CONCLUSIONS Improvements are suggested to help promote a service that truly values people as individuals. These include improving health practitioners' understanding of the impact of illness on everyday life, promoting practitioners' listening and enquiring skills, and increasing the 'visibility' and availability of staff. Further research should also explore gender and age differences in perceptions of the lay-practitioner relationship.
Establishing a Right Frontal Beta Signature for Stopping Action in Scalp Electroencephalography : Implications for Testing Inhibitory Control in Other Task Contexts

■ Many studies have examined the rapid stopping of action as a proxy of human self-control. Several methods have shown that a critical focus for stopping is the right inferior frontal cortex. Moreover, electrocorticography studies have shown beta band power increases in the right inferior frontal cortex and in the BG for successful versus failed stop trials, before the time of stopping elapses, perhaps underpinning a prefrontal–BG network for inhibitory control. Here, we tested whether the same signature might be visible in scalp electroencephalography (EEG)—which would open important avenues for using this signature in studies of the recruitment and timing of prefrontal inhibitory control. We used independent component analysis and time–frequency approaches to analyze EEG from three different cohorts of healthy young volunteers (48 participants in total) performing versions of the standard stop signal task. We identified a spectral power increase in the band 13–20 Hz that occurs after the stop signal, but before the time of stopping elapses, with a right frontal topography in the EEG. This right frontal beta band increase was significantly larger for successful compared with failed stops in two of the three studies. We also tested the hypothesis that unexpected events recruit the same frontal system for stopping. Indeed, we show that the stopping-related right-lateralized frontal beta signature was also active after unexpected events (and we accordingly provide data and scripts for the method). These results validate a right frontal beta signature in the EEG as a temporally precise and functionally significant neural marker of the response inhibition
THE NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTI-SITE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES

Multi-site construction projects and programmes (MSCP) are characterized by large numbers of similar sub-projects undertaken regionally, nationally or globally as part of a single medium to long-term project or programme. The aim of this research is to identify the general characteristics of MSCP, establish how they are delivered and determine whether, and where these differ to traditional single-site and other construction projects. Current literature concentrates heavily on single-projects, with multi-project research generally focussed in domains other than construction. To effectively study MSCP, a clear definition is required to differentiate these from other types of construction projects. The literature, particularly from other industries, is reviewed and adapted to develop a framework describing and classifying construction projects into various categories. These categories enable the research to focus on particular types of projects by differentiating and defining construction projects. In particular, multi-site construction projects are proposed and defined as a variant within this framework. The multiple case-study approach adopted for the study and the associated methodological issues are discussed. Preliminary findings of one of the seven cases comprising the study are presented. The case demonstrates that there are differences in the general characteristics, definition and problems encountered on these projects when compared to the traditional single site construction project.
Turnover Contagion: How Coworkers' Job Embeddedness and Job Search Behaviors Influence Quitting

This research developed and tested a model of turnover contagion in which the job embeddedness and job search behaviors of coworkers influence employees' decisions to quit. In a sample of 45 branches of a regional bank and 1,038 departments of a national hospitality firm, multilevel analysis revealed that coworkers' job embedded-ness and job search behaviors explain variance in individual “voluntary turnover” over and above that explained by other individual and group-level predictors. Broadly speaking, these results suggest that coworkers' job embeddedness and job search behaviors play critical roles in explaining why people quit their jobs. Implications are discussed.
Postmortem use of advanced imaging techniques: Is autopsy going digital?

use of modern high-resolution imaging has been well described in the setting of post-mortem investigations. Used for some time in forensics, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are now being evaluated as complementary or, at times, alternative means of performing cause-of-death determination. The authors briefly review the history of autopsy and the reasons for the gradual decrease in autopsy rates over the last two decades. An overview of advantages and limitations of modern imaging autopsy techniques is then presented, including a discussion of the potential roles of imaging autopsy in clinical performance improvement process as well as in medical education. Controversies surrounding this relatively new method of acquiring postmortem information are briefly reviewed. Potential future applications of modern imaging techniques in postmortem analysis, including the incorporation of modern ultrasound technology, are then discussed. th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
Brief Report: Recent Infection, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Transmission Clusters Frequently Observed Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With HIV in San Francisco

Abstract:There were 1311 newly diagnosed HIV cases in San Francisco between 2005 and 2011 that were linked to care at publicly funded facilities and had viral sequences available for analysis. Of the 214 cases characterized as recently infected with HIV at the time of diagnosis, 25% had a recent sexually transmitted infection diagnosis (vs. 10% among longer-standing HIV infections, P < 0.001) and 57% were part of a phylogenetic transmission cluster (vs. 42% among longer-standing HIV infection, P < 0.001). The association observed between recent HIV infection and having a sexually transmitted infection diagnosis during the interval overlapping likely HIV acquisition points to potential opportunities to interrupt HIV transmission.
Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY: important regulators of energy metabolism

Purpose of reviewAn overview of recent developments documenting the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family's role in energy metabolism. Specifically focusing on site-specific functions of NPY and increasing evidence of peptide YY (PYY) as a weight loss therapeutic. Recent findingsStudying the NPY family in hypothalamic nuclei, other than the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei, is a recent shift in metabolic research. NPY overexpression in the dorsomedial hypothalamus increases food intake whereas its ablation in this area reduces hyperphagia and obesity. Similarly, NPY exerts orexigenic effects in the ventromedial nucleus. However, specific arcuate Y2 receptor ablation leads to positive energy balance, suggesting the NPY family demonstrates location-specific functions. Peripherally, dual blockade of cannabinoid and NPY pathways has synergistic effects on weight loss, as does combined administration of PYY3–36 and oxyntomodulin in reducing food intake, perhaps due to the recently discovered role of PYY in mediating intestinal Gpr119 activity and controlling glucose tolerance. SummaryConditional Y receptor knockout models have provided deeper insights on NPY's functions according to location. Further study of PYY appears vital, due to recent evidence of its role in intestinal motility, with exercise positively influencing PYY levels.
A cell‐intrinsic role for CaMKK2 in granulocyte lineage commitment and differentiation

Granulocytes serve a critical function in host organisms by recognizing and destroying invading microbes, as well as propagating and maintaining inflammation at sites of infection. However, the molecular pathways underpinning the development of granulocytes are poorly understood. Here, we identify a role for CaMKK2 in the restriction of granulocytic fate commitment and differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. Following BMT, engraftment by Camkk2−/− donor cells resulted in the increased production of mature granulocytes in the BM and peripheral blood. Similarly, Camkk2−/− mice possessed elevated numbers of CMP cells and exhibited an accelerated granulopoietic phenotype in the BM. Camkk2−/− myeloid progenitors expressed increased levels of C/EBPα and PU.1 and preferentially differentiated into Gr1+Mac1+ granulocytes and CFU‐G in vitro. During normal granulopoiesis in vivo or G‐CSF‐induced differentiation of 32D myeloblast cells in vitro, CaMKK2 mRNA and protein were decreased as a function of time and were undetectable in mature granulocytes. Expression of ectopic CaMKK2 in Camkk2−/− CMPs was sufficient to rescue aberrant granulocyte differentiation and when overexpressed in 32D cells, was also sufficient to impede granulocyte differentiation in a kinase activity‐dependent manner. Collectively, our results reveal a novel role for CaMKK2 as an inhibitor of granulocytic fate commitment and differentiation in early myeloid progenitors.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE HUMAN NEONATAL CIRCULATION

Ten premature infants were investigated with respect to central and peripheral circulatory patterns. Five of the patients had the typical picture of respiratory distress syndrome of varying severity whereas the rest were free of pulmonary pathology. The circulation in the premature infants without respiratory distress is characterized by pulmonary as well as systemic hyperkinesis and the presence of small right‐left shunts through the foramen ovale. In contrast to the findings in healthy premature infants, the respiratory distress cases usually had a low systemic and pulmonary perfusion with pronounced intra – as well as extra pulmonary right‐left shunts.
The Cotton Transcription Factor TCP14 Functions in Auxin-Mediated Epidermal Cell Differentiation and Elongation1[C][W]

GhTCP14 is a dual-function transcription factor able to positively or negatively regulate expression of auxin response and transporter genes, and it may act as a crucial regulator in auxin-mediated differentiation and elongation of cotton fiber cells. Plant-specific TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors play crucial roles in development, but their functional mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized the cellular functions of the class I TCP transcription factor GhTCP14 from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). GhTCP14 is expressed predominantly in fiber cells, especially at the initiation and elongation stages of development, and its expression increased in response to exogenous auxin. Induced heterologous overexpression of GhTCP14 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) enhanced initiation and elongation of trichomes and root hairs. In addition, root gravitropism was severely affected, similar to mutant of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) gene. Examination of auxin distribution in GhTCP14-expressing Arabidopsis by observation of auxin-responsive reporters revealed substantial alterations in auxin distribution in sepal trichomes and root cortical regions. Consistent with these changes, expression of the auxin uptake carrier AUXIN1 (AUX1) was up-regulated and PIN2 expression was down-regulated in the GhTCP14-expressing plants. The association of GhTCP14 with auxin responses was also evidenced by the enhanced expression of auxin response gene IAA3, a gene in the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) family. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that GhTCP14 bound the promoters of PIN2, IAA3, and AUX1, and transactivation assays indicated that GhTCP14 had transcription activation activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GhTCP14 is a dual-function transcription factor able to positively or negatively regulate expression of auxin response and transporter genes, thus potentially acting as a crucial regulator in auxin-mediated differentiation and elongation of cotton fiber cells.