Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numbers with a large prime factor

x. This result has been improved consecutively by many authors. The best estimate known to date is very far from the expected result. The historical records are as follows: P (x) x 0.625 by Ramachandra [20, II], P (x) x 0.662 by Graham [8], P (x) x 0.692 by Jia [16, I], P (x) x 0.7 by Baker [1], P (x) x 0.71 by Jia [16, II], P (x) x 0.723 by Jia [16, III] and Liu [18], P (x) x 0.728 by Jia [16, IV], P (x) x 0.732 by Baker and Harman [2]. We note that the last two papers are independent. In both, the same estimates for exponential sums were used. But Baker and Harman [2] introduced the alternative sieve procedure, developed by Harman [10] and by Baker, Harman and Rivat [3], to get a better exponent. In this paper we shall prove a sharper lower bound. Theorem 1. We have P (x) x 0.738 for suciently large x.
GM-CSF Enhances Macrophage Glycolytic Activity In Vitro and Improves Detection of Inflammation In Vivo

18F-FDG accumulates in glycolytically active tissues and is known to concentrate in tissues that are rich in activated macrophages. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a clinically used cytokine, increases macrophage glycolysis and deoxyglucose uptake in vitro and acutely enhances 18F-FDG uptake within inflamed tissues such as atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Methods: In vitro experiments were conducted on human macrophages whereby inflammatory activation and uptake of radiolabeled 2-deoxyglucose was assessed before and after GM-CSF exposure. In vivo studies were performed on mice and New Zealand White rabbits to assess the effect of GM-CSF on 18F-FDG uptake in normal versus inflamed arteries, using PET. Results: Incubation of human macrophages with GM-CSF resulted in increased glycolysis and increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake (P < 0.05). This effect was attenuated by neutralizing antibodies against tumor necrosis factor–α or after silencing or inhibition of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase. In vivo, in mice and in rabbits, intravenous GM-CSF administration resulted in a 70% and 73% increase (P < 0.01 for both), respectively, in arterial 18F-FDG uptake in atherosclerotic animals but not in nonatherosclerotic controls. Histopathologic analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between in vivo 18F-FDG uptake and macrophage staining (R = 0.75, P < 0.01). Conclusion: GM-CSF substantially augments glycolytic flux in vitro (via a mechanism dependent on ubiquitous type 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase and tumor necrosis factor–α) and increases 18F-FDG uptake within inflamed atheroma in vivo. These findings demonstrate that GM-CSF can be used to enhance detection of inflammation. Further studies should explore the role of GM-CSF stimulation to enhance the detection of inflammatory foci in other disease states.
Pain and Psychotherapy, in the Light of Evidence of Psychological Treatment Methods of Chronic Pain Based on Evidence

Objective: Several types of psychotherapies have been developed for patients suffering from chronic pain. In general it is problematic for all therapies to determine whether they are effective or not. The aim of this review is to reveal the different types of psychological methods and researches conducted on their effectiveness. Methods: Descriptive review based on selective literature search in Medline, PubMed, Science Direct and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from June of 2013-February of 2014. Results: In case of chronic pain there are psychological treatment methods that have been properly proven to be effective (in compliance with the 2013/14 EBM criteria) such as psycho-education, supportive therapy, behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, biofeedback and relaxation therapy, hypnotherapy, guided imagery, while dynamic oriented therapies, art therapy and family therapy has not been investigated or the results do not properly support effectiveness in pain management. Multidisciplinary treatment approaches including psychological treatments have been verified as an effective and cost-effective treatment approach for chronic pain patients who have failed to respond initial treatment or suffer from psychological problems. Conclusions: Psychotherapies have been proved to be effective and important component of chronic pain treatment.
A unified approach to content-based and fault-tolerant music recognition

In this paper, we propose a unified approach to fast index-based music recognition. As an important area within the field of music information retrieval (MIR), the goal of music recognition is, given a database of musical pieces and a query document, to locate all occurrences of that document within the database, up to certain possible errors. In particular, the identification of the query with regard to the database becomes possible. The approach presented in this paper is based on a general algorithmic framework for searching complex patterns of objects in large databases. We describe how this approach may be applied to two important music recognition tasks: The polyphonic (musical score-based) search in polyphonic score data and the identification of pulse-code modulation audio material from a given acoustic waveform. We give an overview on the various aspects of our technology including fault-tolerant search methods. Several areas of application are suggested. We describe several prototypic systems we have developed for those applications including the notify! and the audentify! systems for score- and waveform-based music recognition, respectively.
A Universal Influenza Vaccine Can Lead to Disease Exacerbation or Viral Control Depending on Delivery Strategies

The development of influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines, which elicits cross-strain immunity against seasonal and pandemic viruses is a major public health goal. As pigs are susceptible to human, avian, and swine-adapted IAV, they would be key targets of so called universal IAV vaccines, for reducing both the zoonotic risk and the economic burden in the swine industry. They also are relevant preclinical models. However, vaccination with conserved IAV antigens (AGs) in pigs was reported to elicit disease exacerbation. In this study, we assessed whether delivery strategies, i.e., dendritic cell (DC) targeting by the intradermal (ID) or intramuscular (IM) routes, impact on the outcome of the vaccination with three conserved IAV AGs (M2e, NP, and HA2) in pigs. The AGs were addressed to CD11c by non-covalent binding to biotinylated anti-CD11c monoclonal antibody. The CD11c-targeted AGs given by the ID route exacerbated disease. Conversely, CD11c-targeted NP injected by the IM route promoted T cell response compared to non-targeted NP. Furthermore, the conserved IAV AGs injected by the IM route, independently of DC targeting, induced both a reduction of viral shedding and a broader IgG response as compared to the ID route. Our findings highlight in a relevant animal species that the route of vaccine delivery impacts on the protection induced by conserved IAV AGs and on vaccine adverse effects. Finally, our results indicate that HA2 stands as the most promising conserved IAV AG for universal vaccine development.
Protocol for the Examination of Specimens from Patients with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ( DCIS ) of the Breast Protocol applies to DCIS without invasive carcinoma or microinvasion

Authors Susan C. Lester, MD, PhD, FCAP* Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women‟s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Shikha Bose, MD, FCAP Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California Yunn-Yi Chen, MD, PhD, FCAP Department of Pathology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, California James L. Connolly, MD, FCAP Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Monica de Baca, MD, FCAP Physicians Laboratory, Sioux Falls, South Dakota Patrick L. Fitzgibbons, MD, FCAP Department of Pathology, St. Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, California Daniel F. Hayes, MD, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan Celina Kleer, MD, FCAP Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan Frances P. O‟Malley, MD, FCAP Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada David L. Page, MD, FCAP Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee Barbara L. Smith, MD, PhD Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Donald L. Weaver, MD, FCAP Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont Eric Winer, MD Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts For the Members of the Cancer Committee, College of American Pathologists
Clotilde Graves: Journalist, Dramatist and Novelist. Writing to Survive in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century

Katherine Newey, in her study of nineteenth century female playwrights, has written of those, ‘who routinely worked for money, in theatres where the takings were as important as aesthetic achievement or legitimacy’. While Joanne Shattock, in a study of women authors, acknowledges that earnings were the key to a woman’s professionalism. With her short hair, masculine style of dress and her penchant for cigarettes, Clotilde Graves (1863-1932) epitomised the vigorous New Woman of the fin de siècle. Drawing on previously unused material from Graves’s case file, held in the Royal Literary Fund Archive, this thesis charts her progress as a writer to explore both the motivational force of economics on her literary career, and its impact on her various discourses as a journalist, playwright and novelist. The study, divided into three sections, explores a number of key themes including: sexual abuse, marriage, the fallen woman, and the maternal ideal, to assess Graves’s development as both a writer and an advocate of social purity feminism. The thesis exposes the precarious nature of the writer’s profession, especially for a woman, and reveals the demands on Graves to balance personal beliefs against the immediate need to earn a living. Though she died penniless her extensive output included innumerable articles, twenty plays, nine compilations of short stories, and fifteen novels. The thesis appraises Graves’s adoption of male aliases and her employment of autobiographical material, which is contextualised against the production of her most popular novel, The Dop Doctor. This work shows that compromise was often a prerequisite and confirms that commerciality did not necessarily translate into financial achievement, nor did it provide economic security. This recovery of a forgotten female writer, of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, contributes to the growing body of work in this field.
Increase of xylitol production rate by controlling redox potential in Candida parapsilosis.

The effect of redox potential on xylitol production by Candida parapsilosis was investigated. The redox potential was found to be useful for monitoring the dissolved oxygen (DO) level in culture media, especially when the DO level was low. An increase in the agitation speed in a 5 L fermentor resulted in an increased culture redox potential as well as enhanced cell growth. Production of xylitol was maximized at a redox potential of 100 mV. As the initial cell concentration increased from 8 g/L to 30 g/L, the volumetric productivity of xylitol increased from 1.38 g/L. h to 4.62 g/L. h. A two-stage xylitol production strategy was devised, with stage 1 involving rapid production of cells under well-aerated conditions, and stage 2 involving cultivation with reduced aeration such that the culture redox potential was 100 mV. Using this technique, a final xylitol concentration of 180 g/L was obtained from a culture medium totally containing 254.5 g/L xylose in a 3,000 L pilot scale fermentor after 77 h fermentation. The volumetric productivity of xylitol during the fermentation was 2.34 g/L. h.
Phannacokinetics of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Neonates

Abstract. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be a therapeutic adjunct to antibiotic treatment of neonatal infections. We examined the pharmacokinetics and safety of IVIG in human neonates. Thirty neonates with suspected sepsis were randomly assigned either to a treatment (receiving either 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg of IVIG plus antibiotics) or control (antibiotics alone) group. The 500 mg/kg dose produced a rise in total IgG for >8 and in group B streptococcus (GBS) type‐specific IgG for > 4–14 days. The type‐specific antibody elevation varied with the amount of pathogen‐specific antibody and dose of IVIG. Pharmacokinetic analysis suggests a Vdss of 42ml/kg, Cl of 3.0ml/kg/day, a biphasic elimination curve, and a terminal elimination half‐life of 24.2 days. No toxicity was observed. These data may be valuable in determining optimal dosing schedules for IVIG in treating or preventing neonatal infections.
Red-Phosphor-Dot-Doped Array in Mirror-Surface Substrate Light-Emitting Diodes

Micro-patterned red-phosphor-dot-doped array in mirror-surface substrate light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are primarily characterized with imbedded red phosphor dots in yellow phosphor slurry and an installed mirror on the substrate surface, are investigated. These dots scatter lights in different colors, compensate the long waveband in LED spectra, and allow exiting blue rays to escape in large angles. This mirror surface reflects downward blue lights emitted by chips, blends various-wavelengthed light beams, and enhances the cooling effect on the entire module. With the aid of these two modifications, the quantum efficiency (QE) and the luminous efficacy of radiation (LER) have been typically elevated by 16.6% and 38.8%, respectively. Proposed modules can be used in the LED industry for guiding improvements of QE, LER, and yellow-blue ratio uniformity.
Identification of a Receptor-Binding Pocket on the Envelope Protein of Friend Murine Leukemia Virus

ABSTRACT Based on previous structural and functional studies, a potential receptor-binding site composed of residues that form a pocket at one end of the two long antiparallel helices in the receptor-binding domain of Friend 57 murine leukemia virus envelope protein (RBD) has been proposed. To test this hypothesis, directed substitutions for residues in the pocket were introduced and consequences for infection and for receptor binding were measured. Receptor binding was measured initially by a sensitive assay based on coexpression of receptor and RBD inXenopus oocytes, and the findings were confirmed by using purified proteins. Three residues that are critical for both binding and infection (S84, D86, and W102), with side chains that extend into the pocket, were identified. Moreover, when mCAT-1 was overexpressed, the infectivity of Fr57-MLV carrying pocket substitutions was partially restored. Substitutions for 18 adjacent residues and 11 other previously unexamined surface-exposed residues outside of the RBD pocket had no detectable effect on function. Taken together, these findings support a model in which the RBD pocket interacts directly with mCAT-1 (likely residues, Y235 and E237) and multiple receptor-envelope complexes are required to form the fusion pore.
Predictors of the Leisure and Recreation Participation of Children With Physical Disabilities: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Structural equation modeling was used to test a theoretically based model of environmental, family, and child factors as determinants of the leisure and recreation participation of children with physical disabilities. Participants were 427 families and children (229 boys and 198 girls) with physical functional limitations, in 3 age groups (6-8, 9-11, and 12-14 years). Data were collected via home interviews and self-administered standardized questionnaires. The significant direct predictors of children's participation intensity in both formal and informal activities were child functional ability, family participation in social and recreational activities, and child preferences for formal and informal activities. Family cohesion, unsupportive environments, and supportive relationships for the child had significant indirect effects on participation. The findings indicate the vital role played by families and the importance of multifaceted approaches to supporting participation.
A Madden-Julian Oscillation Event Realistically Simulated by a Global Cloud-Resolving Model

A Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a massive weather event consisting of deep convection coupled with atmospheric circulation, moving slowly eastward over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Despite its enormous influence on many weather and climate systems worldwide, it has proven very difficult to simulate an MJO because of assumptions about cumulus clouds in global meteorological models. Using a model that allows direct coupling of the atmospheric circulation and clouds, we successfully simulated the slow eastward migration of an MJO event. Topography, the zonal sea surface temperature gradient, and interplay between eastward- and westward-propagating signals controlled the timing of the eastward transition of the convective center. Our results demonstrate the potential making of month-long MJO predictions when global cloud-resolving models with realistic initial conditions are used.
A Synchronization Condition for Coupled nonlinear Systems with Time-Delay: a Frequency Domain Approach

This paper considers the synchronization problem for nonlinear systems with time-delay couplings. We assume that the error dynamics can be rewritten as a feedback connection of a linear delay system with multiple inputs and outputs and nonlinear elements which are decentralized and satisfy a sector condition. Then, we derive a synchronization condition for time-delay coupled systems by applying the multivariable circle criterion. Unlike the conventional synchronization criteria, the derived criterion is based on a frequency-domain stability condition and avoids the use of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii approach. As a result, the condition based on the circle criterion does not contain the conservativeness caused by the Lyapunov–Krasovskii approach. The effectiveness of the proposed criterion is shown by examples of coupled Chua systems with delay coupling.
Endometrial stromal tumours of the uterus: a practical approach using conventional morphology and ancillary techniques

Endometrial stromal tumours (ESTs) are diagnosed in most instances by light microscopy. Often, the greatest challenge is to distinguish between the different subtypes of these tumours. Furthermore, a handful of new or relatively new entities have been described in the literature, which may cause problems in the differential diagnosis; highly cellular leiomyoma is the most common. In addition, new antibodies have been developed to help in the distinction of ESTs from their mimics, as there are prognostic and therapeutic implications. A practical approach is provided for the diagnosis of ESTs on the basis of systematic assessment of histological and immunohistochemical parameters, and recent developments related to these tumours are highlighted.
NEGATIVE RICCI CURVATURE AND ISOMETRY GROUP

We show that for n-dimensional manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded between two negative constants the order of their isometry groups is uniformly bounded by the Ricci curvature bounds, the volume, and the injectivity radius. We also show that the degree of symmetry (seex2 for denition) is lower semicontinuous in the Gromov-Hausdor topology.
Endovascular treatment of congenital carotid-cavernous fistulas in infancy

Abstract Congenital dural arteriovenous fistulas have been infrequently described in pediatric population and they generally affect the transverse, sigmoid, straight or sagittal sinuses. Congenital carotid-cavernous fistulas in infancy are considered very rare and to our knowledge, only four cases have been reported in literature. Currently, the preferred treatment is endovascular embolization through trans-arterial route. We review the literature on congenital carotid cavernous fistulas in infancy focusing on the endovascular treatment of this rare entity and present our experience.
FDTD Simulation of Lightning Current in a CFRP Panel: Comparison of the Use of Conductivity Matrix Approach With That of Triangular Prism Cells

The transient distribution of lightning current, which flows in a multilayer carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) material of aircraft, has been studied using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Each layer of the multilayer CFRP panel has a fiber direction of 45°, 90°, -45° or 0°, and, therefore, has an anisotropic conductivity: the conductivity is high in the fiber axial direction and low in other directions. It is impossible to represent such an anisotropic layered panel using the FDTD method with common rectangular prism or cubic cells. In this letter, two approaches are employed: one is the application of conductivity matrix having off-diagonal elements and the other is the application of triangular-prism cells. The transient distribution of the magnetic field over the surface of the CFRP panel, computed with the former approach, is compared with that computed with the latter approach. Also, the results are compared with the corresponding measured ones.
Moral reasoning strategies of orthopaedic surgery residents.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the moral reasoning utilized by orthopaedic surgery residents when resolving moral dilemmas. METHODS Sixty-three residents in an accredited program took the Defining Issues Test-2, an online examination designed to measure and analyze moral reasoning. Scores approximate how often residents utilize three schemas in their moral reasoning: personal interest, maintaining social norms, and postconventional. Scores were analyzed for differences among years of training, previous literature, and established norms. RESULTS Approximately 9.5% of residents utilized personal interest heavily in their moral reasoning, 27% utilized maintaining norms, and 63.5% utilized postconventional reasoning. There were no significant differences between years of training. The fourth-year (R4) class recorded the highest utilization of principled reasoning, while the fifth-year (R5) class recorded the lowest. The range of principled reasoning scores narrowed from the first year (R1) to R5. The principled reasoning scores of residents were significantly lower than previously reported scores of professional degree-holders and medical students, and empirically lower than previously reported scores of orthopaedic attendings and medical students. CONCLUSIONS Residents utilized principled reasoning less frequently than expected for physicians. It remains unclear as to what factors contributed to high utilization of principled reasoning in the R4 class but low utilization in the R5 class. Our cross-sectional data suggest that each year of training homogenizes toward a class-specific utilization of principled reasoning. It remains unclear why residents utilized principled reasoning less than orthopaedic attendings, medical students, and other professional degree-holders.