Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consistent within‐individual plasticity is sufficient to explain temperature responses in red deer reproductive traits

Warming global temperatures are affecting a range of aspects of wild populations, but the exact mechanisms driving associations between temperature and phenotypic traits may be difficult to identify. Here, we use a 36‐year data set on a wild population of red deer to investigate the causes of associations between temperature and two important components of female reproduction: timing of breeding and offspring size. By separating within‐ versus between‐individual associations with temperature for each trait, we show that within‐individual phenotypic plasticity (changes within a female's lifetime) was entirely sufficient to generate the observed population‐level association with temperature at key times of year. However, despite apparently adequate statistical power, we found no evidence of any variation between females in their responses (i.e. no “IxE” interactions). Our results suggest that female deer show plasticity in reproductive traits in response to temperatures in the year leading up to calving and that this response is consistent across individuals, implying no potential for either selection or heritability of plasticity. We estimate that the plastic response to rising temperatures explained 24% of the observed advance in mean calving date over the study period. We highlight the need for comparable analyses of other systems to determine the contribution of within‐individual plasticity to population‐level responses to climate change.
Joint Methods For Trafﬁc Engineering and Oscillation Repair

—The performance of networks that use the Internet Protocol stack is sensitive to precise conﬁguration of many low-level parameters on each network device. These settings govern the action of dynamic routing protocols, which direct the ﬂow of trafﬁc; in order to ensure that these dynamic protocols all converge to produce some ’optimal’ ﬂow, each parameter must be set correctly. Multiple conﬂicting optimization objectives, nondeterminism, and the need to reason about different failure scenarios make the task particularly complicated. We present a fast and ﬂexible approach for the analysis of a number of such management tasks presented in the context of BGP routing. The idea is to combine logical satisﬁability criteria with traditional numerical optimization, to reach a desired trafﬁc ﬂow outcome subject to given constraints on the routing process. The method can then be used to probe parameter sensitivity, tradeoffs in the selection of optimization goals, resilience to failure, and so forth. The theory is underpinned by a rigorous abstraction of the convergence of distributed asynchronous message-passing protocols, and is therefore generalizable to other scenarios. Our resulting hybrid engine is faster than either purely logical or purely numeric alternatives, making it potentially feasible for interactive production use.
Acidic Recovery from Wastewater of Automotive Battery Plant Using Membrane Technology

Diffusion dialysis (DD) equipped with anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is effectively used as a tool to recover acid (H + ) from various type of wasted acid solution. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using DD process to recover sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) from the acidic wastewater of automotive battery plant. Numbers of experimental runs were conducted to optimize the operating conditions of such equipment, for example variation of feed flow and flow rate ratio (Q water /Q feed ). The results showed that H 2 SO 4 permeated well through the AEM, while metal ions were efficiently rejected. The recovery of H 2 SO 4 increased as the flow rate decreased. Approximately 84.5% of H 2 SO 4 could be recovered at 9.38 × 10 - 5 m 3 /h m 2 . Pb 2+ ion rejection was 69.5%. In addition, H 2 SO 4 recovery efficiency could be improved by increasing the flow rate ratio. At the highest flow rate ratio, DD could recover up to 90% of H 2 SO 4 while the lowest rejection of Pb 2+ ion (61%) was obtained. Also, the results from variation of flow rate ratio revealed that the optimum Q water /Q feed should be controlled around 1 to 1.2
Decentralization Reforms

T hree levels of analysis are outlined in this chapter that offer a potentially tractable means of mapping out Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) for decentralization given the institutional characteristics of decentralization, the probable mechanisms of impact, and the likely available sources of information. In the first instance, the level and distribution of public resources across places is a focus. At the second stage, the analysis concerns the distribution of public resources across people, such as the poor and non-poor, given the prevailing institutional and governance arrangements within places. Finally, the chapter highlights attempts to investigate impacts on local governance and public service delivery, that is, how effectively public resources are translated into public services.
Title Phytoplankton blooms associated with upwelling at Cabo Catoche Permalink

In this work, the spatial and temporal implications of the Non-Eastern Boundary Upwelling (Non-EBUS) on the bio-productivity from coastal shallow waters have been studied. At the coast of Cabo Catoche, on the Yucatán shelf, two 12-day field campaigns (April and July) were conducted. Cross-shore CTD-fluorescence profiles, water samples, and plankton were collected each day. Nutrients, ocean temperature and currents times series from two moorings (8 and 12m depth) were analyzed, as were temperature and chlorophyll (Chl-a) from satellite data. The water masses from the Yucatan channel reached the coast of Cabo Catoche in both study periods. The Yucatan Upwelling Water (YUW, ~ 19.6–22.5 °C) supplied the surface and subsurface water, up to 6 km offshore, with nutrients during the upwelling pulses from 2 to 5 days. Nutrients were higher in April (nitrate, ammonium<5, 18 μmol L), but the phytoplankton bloom was more consistent in July (Chl-a mean, 1.45mgm) showing greater distribution across the coast. The steady upwelling plume (cold water, high nutrients) recorded in Cabo Catoche and observed on the north shelf, could have been the result of dynamic uplift in the Yucatan Channel prior to the field campaign. Through the way to the shelf, the plankton increased, explaining the high temporal association between low temperatures and the phytoplankton bloom at the coast. The Non-EBUS has strong implications for the pelagic ecosystem from Cabo Catoche, enhancing productivity and triggering energy flow by the physical process.
WP / 19 / 132 The Measurement of External Accounts

Growing international integration in trade and finance can challenge the measurement of external accounts. This paper presents a unified conceptual framework for identifying sources of mismeasurement of foreign investment income in current account balances. The framework allows to derive a precise definition of measurement distortions and an empirical strategy for estimating their importance. As an application, we empirically estimate two specific distortions related to inflation and retained earnings on portfolio equity for a broad set of countries. We find these may explain a non-trivial share of current account imbalances and that they are particularly relevant in countries with large external investment positions. We also discuss how merchanting and profit-shifting activities could lead to measurement distortions. We suggest areas for future research and underline the need to strengthen data collection efforts. JEL Classification Numbers: F32, G11, G20.
INFLUENCE OF PARTICIPATION , TRUST AND PERCEPTIONS ON RESIDENTS ’ SUPPORT FOR CONSERVATION OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN ZANZIBAR STONE TOWN , TANZANIA *

This study develops a model of residents’ support for conservation using social exchange theory, complemented by the concept of participation in decision making borrowed from the Arnstein’s Model of Participation. The framework posited that residents’ support for conservation is influenced by the trust in conservation authorities and perceived benefits, and trust is determined by perceived benefits. It uniquely posited that participation in decision making indirectly influences support for conservation through its effects on trust and perceived benefits. The model was tested using a questionnaire survey to a sample of 543 local residents in Zanzibar Stone Town in Tanzania. Results from structural equation modelling indicate that residents’ support for conservation is significantly influenced by the trust in conservation authorities and perceived benefits. Results also show that support for conservation is indirectly influenced by residents’ participation in decision making, which inherently influences residents’ trust in conservation authorities and perceived benefits. The contributions of the study emanate from the addition of the participation in decision making variable in the social exchange model and the testing of the model in a relatively neglected setting of cultural heritage. The study discusses the implications and provides some suggestions for future research.
Natural infection by Culex flavivirus in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes captured in Cuiabá , Mato Grosso Mid-Western Brazil

New species of insect-specific viruses (ISV) have been reported worldwide. In the present study, the complete genome of Culex flavivirus (CxFV) and partial sequences of other ISVs in Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 females (n= 3425) sampled in 200 urban areas census tracts of Cuiaba, state of Mato Grosso, were identified via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for a NS5 region of flaviviruses, nucleotide and high-throughput sequencing, and viral isolation in C6/36 cells. CxFV was detected in 16 of 403 mosquito pools; sequences found in the study presented a high similarity with isolates from São Paulo, Brazil and other countries in Latin American that belong to genotype II, supporting the geographical influence on CxFV evolution. The monthly maximum likelihood estimation for CxFV ranged from 1.81 to 9.94 per 1000 mosquitoes. In addition to the CxFV complete genome, one pool contained an ORF1 sequence (756 bp) that belongs to a novel Negevirus from the Sandewavirus supergroup most similar to the Santana virus (77.1%) and another pool presented an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequence (1081 bp) of a novel Rhabdovirus most similar to Wuhan mosquito virus 9 (44%). After three passages in C6/36 cells, only CxFV was isolated from these co-infected pools. The importance of ISVs relies on their possible ability to interfere with arbovirus replication in competent vectors.
EvaluationofRainfall andTemperatureConditions foraPerennial Crop in Tropical Wetland : A Case Study of Cocoa in Côte d ’ Ivoire

+e rainfall and temperature conditions are evaluated for the first time during the 1989–2006 period, in six main cocoa production areas (Abengourou, Agboville, Daloa, Dimbokro, Guiglo, and Soubre) of Côte d’Ivoire using data from SODEXAM (groundbased observation) and the ex-CAISTAB. Statistical analysis shows an important sensitivity of cocoa production to rainfall conditions in all regions. It is worth noting that only the major rainy season from April to July and the rainfall amount of the little dry season from August to September affect the cocoa production for an 80% confidence level. +is influence varies from one cacao production area to another. Moreover, the effects related to temperature on the cocoa yield seem to represent a smaller contribution of climate impact than those related to precipitation during the studied period. +e temperature change remains in the acceptable range of values, between 25°C and 29°C, which is a favorable condition for cocoa growing. +ese findings are obtained despite the significant contributions from nonclimatic factors, to year-to-year variability in cocoa production.
ECONOMICS THE COST OF DISPLACING FOSSIL FUELS : SOME EVIDENCE FROM TEXAS by

Fossil fuels will be displaced as depletion raises their explicit costs, but may be displaced sooner if they are taxed in order to internalize negative externalities. Currently, wind generation or nuclear power, supplemented by bulk electricity storage, are the most feasible alternatives to fossil fuels for electricity generation. The ERCOT ISO transmission grid in Texas provides a realistic model for examining the costs of replacing fossil fuels by wind generation and storage, and to compare wind power with generation based on nuclear and storage. ERCOT is relatively isolated from neighboring grids, and wind power was almost a quarter of its total generating capacity at the end of 2016. Using the ERCOT example, we also discuss how the long-run configuration of the electricity supply system affects evolution away from a system dominated by natural gas.
Anti-oxidative effect of elevated CO 2 concentration in the air on maize hybrids subjected to severe chill

Elevated CO2 concentration (700 cm m, EC) inhibited chill-dependent (7 °C) depression of net photosynthetic rate of two maize hybrids with different sensitivity to low temperature. The rate of superoxide radical formation in leaves, leaf membrane injury, and the decrease in maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem 2 were successfully diminished by the treatment. The protective effect of EC toward stress conditions was prolonged at the recovery phase (20 °C). The genotypic impact on studied parameters was also notable. Additional key words: ascorbate peroxidase; catalase; photoinhibition; photosynthetic induction; membrane injury; superoxide dismutase; Zea mays.
Qualitative Research in Rapid Internationalisation — A Critical Review the Design and Data Collection Issues of an Empirical Study

Qualitative research focuses on utilizing words, which involves an in-depth understanding of human behavior [Bryman and Bell, 2003]. This article critically evaluates the research design and data collection of an empirical study which probes the rapid internationalization phenomenon through qualitative research strategies. The selected articles are “The Born-Global Phenomenon: A Comparative Case Study Research” [Rialp et al., 2005] It has been identified that it is necessary for the authors to compose a detailed justification of their research design and data collection strategy in the research reports. Research Purpose and Objective The authors, Rialp et al are aware that the “Born Global” phenomenon are becoming more and more widespread, and challenging the existing internationalization theory. Therefore, it is necessary to provide more theory building efforts and empirical support. The authors are intent on enriching current internationalization knowledge by taking account these “Born Global” firms. The purpose of the study has been stated concretely twice on the abstract and the introduction “aim to shed light on the type of factors and specific conditions underlying the emergence and further expansion of born global exporters, as compared to other counterparts, which do not share their rapid internationalizing character from inception. ” In order to achieve this target, the article clarifies a specific objective to investigate and compare the most relevant factors characterizing “born global” case firms with other staged internationalizing case firms in Spain. Although the article does not explicitly explain its research problem, we can perceive it as “How different antecedents and special conditions determine the emergence and further expansion of early internationalizing firms compared with conventional internationalizing enterprises? ”
Nanocellulose for Biomedical Applications Modification , Characterisation and Biocompatibility Studies

Hua, K. 2015. Nanocellulose for Biomedical Applications. Modification, Characterisation and Biocompatibility Studies. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1320. 80 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9416-2. In the past decade there has been increasing interest in exploring the use of nanocellulose in medicine. However, the influence of the physicochemical properties of nanocellulose on the material ́s biocompatibility has not been fully investigated. In this thesis, thin films of nanocellulose from wood (NFC) and from Cladophora algae (CC) were modified by the addition of charged groups on their surfaces and the influence of these modifications on the material ́s physicochemical properties and on cell responses in vitro was studied. The results indicate that the introduction of charged groups on the surface of NFC and CC results in films with decreased surface area, smaller average pore size and a more compact structure compared with the films of unmodified nanocelluloses. Furthermore, the fibres in the carboxyl-modified CC films were uniquely aggregated and aligned, a state which tended to become more prevalent with increased surface-group density. The biocompatibility studies showed that NFC films containing hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium (HPTMA) groups presented a more cytocompatible surface than unmodified NFC and carboxymethylated NFC regarding human dermal fibroblasts. Carboxymethyl groups resulted in NFC films that promoted inflammation, while HPTMA groups had a passivating effect in terms of inflammatory response. On the other hand, both modified CC films behaved as inert materials in terms of the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages and, under pro-inflammatory stimuli, they suppressed secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, with the effects of the carboxylated CC film more pronounced than those of the HPTMA CC material. Carboxyl CC films showed good cytocompatibility with fibroblasts and osteoblastic cells. However, it was necessary to reach a threshold value in carboxyl-group density to obtain CC films with cytocompatibility comparable to that of commercial tissue culture material. The studies presented here highlight the ability of the nanocellulose films to modulate cell behaviour and provide a foundation for the design of nanocellulose-based materials that trigger specific cell responses. The bioactivity of nanocellulose may be optimized by careful tuning of the surface properties. The outcomes of this thesis are foreseen to contribute to our fundamental understanding of the biointerface phenomena between cells and nanocellulose as well as to enable engineering of bioinert, bioactive, and bioadaptive materials.
B 2 B brands on Twitter : Engaging users with a varying combination of social media content objectives , strategies , and tactics

The objective of this research is to increase understanding about B2B company-led user engagement on social media content. Building on hierarchy-of-effects (HoE) theory, we explore how the world’s leading B2B companies use content objectives (why), strategies (how), and tactics (what) on Twitter. We first integrate B2B advertising and social media research on companies’ content objectives, strategies, and tactics. Then, using qualitative analyses, we examine the existence of objectives, strategies, and tactics in the most engaging tweets (N=365) of the worlds’ ten leading B2B brands, covering five industries, in 2017. Finally, we quantitatively examine how the use of diverse objectives and strategies differs between the most engaging tweets (N=318) and least engaging tweets (N=229) of the companies in 2018. The companies use objectives, strategies and tactics that relate to creating awareness, knowledge and trust, interest, and liking in the majority of their most and least engaging tweets, and express preference, conviction and purchase aspects much less. Differences exist in general, industry-wise, and company-wise. The study is a rare attempt to integrate the extant B2B advertising and social media research, and compare the most and least engaging B2B social media content.
Gait Cycle Analysis of Lower Limb and Trunk Kinematics During Walking in Participants with and without Ankle Instability

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has previously been linked to altered lower limb kinematics and muscle activation characteristics during walking, though little research has been performed analysing the full time-series across the stance and swing phases of gait. Research Question: The aim of this study was to compare trunk and lower limb kinematics and muscle activity between those with chronic ankle instability and healthy controls. Methods: Kinematics and muscle activity were measured in 18 (14 males, 4 females) healthy controls (age 22.4 ± 3.6 years, height 177.8 ± 7.6 cm, mass 70.4 ± 11.9 kg, UK shoe size 8.4 ± 1.6), and 18 (13 males, 5 females) participants with chronic ankle instability (age 22.0 ± 2.7 years, height 176.8 ± 7.9 cm, mass 74.1 ± 9.6 kg, UK shoe size 8.1 ± 1.9) during barefoot walking trials, using a combined Helen Hayes and Oxford foot model. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded for the tibialis anterior and gluteus medius. Full curve statistical parametric mapping was performed using independent and paired-samples T-tests. Results: No significant differences were observed in kinematic or sEMG variables between or within groups for the duration of the swing phase of gait. A significantly increased forefoot-tibia inversion was seen in the CAI affected limb when compared to the CAI unaffected limb at 4-16% stance (p = 0.039). No other significant differences were observed. Significance: There appears to be no differences in muscle activation and movement between CAI and healthy control groups. However, participants with CAI exhibited increased inversion patterns during the stance phase of gait in their affected limb compared to their unaffected limb. This may predispose those with CAI to episodes of giving way and further ankle sprains.
Grafted zeolites for the removal of metal cations from crude oil hydrotreatment extract

Surface-modified zeolite Y has been synthesised and studied for potential application as an adsorbent for the removal of metal cations from aqueous solutions. Zeolite Y was synthesised under hydrothermal conditions at 100 °C in an autoclave and characterised by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis to determine the chemical formula of the host material as Na 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) grafted zeolite Y was prepared by first preparing proton-exchanged zeolite Y using an 0.1 M ammonium nitrate solution followed by calcination at 350 o C. The APTES ligand was then grafted onto the protonated zeolite using three different solvent media. CHN analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, SSNMR and TG analysis indicated that the ligand was bonded covalently to zeolite Y attaching onto the inorganic surface through the available silanol groups. CHN analysis showed that hexane was the most effective solvent for carrying out ligand grafting, as indicated by the highest proportion of carbon present in the product after removal of free solvent (5.08%). APTES grafted zeolite Y was exposed to aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of divalent nickel cations (0.01 M to 0.1 M). An increase to 73.8% Ni (II) removal compared to 18.1% uptake by the parent zeolite Y without any graft was observed when the concentration of nickel was 0.01 M. The selectivity study using a solution containing five different transition metal cations; Ni (II), V (IV), Cu (II), Zn (II), and Fe (II) to mimic the species most often observed in hydrotreatment extract from crude oil, showed proportional removals of 83.7%, 91.3%, 82.8%, 70.6% and 85.7% respectively. This study indicates that APTES modified zeolite Y could be a useful material for the removal of catalytic poisons in hydroprocessing solutions during the processing of heavier crude oils.