Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and functional profiles of CRIg (Z39Ig)-expressing macrophages in the large intestine

Intestinal macrophages (Mϕ) play significant roles in maintaining homeostasis by the efficient elimination of foreign particles in the large intestine. However, functional complement receptors have not been fully identified. In this study, we showed that a complement receptor of the Ig superfamily (CRIg, also known as Z39Ig), a receptor for complement fragments (C3b and iC3b), was expressed on a subset of intestinal Mϕ in murine and human large intestine. When abilities of uptake of antigens of murine CRIg+ Mϕ were examined, intestinal CRIg+ Mϕ displayed less endocytic and similar phagocytic abilities compared to resident peritoneal F4/80+CRIg− Mϕ and F4/80+CRIg+ Mϕ. Additionally, we found that a significant portion of C3b-dependent phagocytosis by large intestinal Mϕ involves CRIg, emphasizing the importance of efficient mechanisms to eliminate foreign particles in the large intestine. On the other hand, intestinal Mϕ from 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-treated mice had decreased CRIg expression but increased CD11b expression, implying some contribution to the removal of immune complexes. This study will shed new light on opsonization and phagocytosis by large intestinal Mϕ.
A Rationale for Imperfect Reporting Standards

The aim of general purpose financial reporting is to provide information that is useful to investors, lenders, and other creditors. With this goal, regulators have tended to mandate increased disclosure. We show that increased mandatory disclosure can weaken a firm’s incentive to acquire and voluntarily disclose private information that is not amenable to inclusion in mandated reports. Specifically, we provide conditions under which a regulator, seeking to maximize the total amount of information provided to investors via both mandatory and voluntary disclosures, would mandate less informative and more conservative financial reports even in the absence of any direct costs of increasing informativeness. This result is robust to allowing the firm to make reports more informative and to imposing a nondisclosure cost or penalty on the firm. The results and comparative statics analysis contribute to our understanding of interactions between mandatory reporting and voluntary disclosure and demonstrate a novel benefit to setting accounting standards that mandate imperfectly informative reports. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Sarcomas: genetics, signalling, and cellular origins. Part 2: TET‐independent fusion proteins and receptor tyrosine kinase mutations

Although the mechanisms that underlie sarcoma development are still poorly understood, the identification of non‐random chromosomal translocations and receptor tyrosine kinase mutations associated with defined sarcoma types has provided new insight into the pathogenesis of these tumours. In Part 1 of the review (J Pathol 2007;213:4–20), we addressed sarcomas that express fusion genes containing TET gene family products. Part 2 of the review summarizes our current understanding of the implications of fusion genes that do not contain TET family members in sarcoma development, as well as that of specific mutations in genes encoding receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The final section will serve as a summary of both reviews and will attempt to provide a synthesis of some of the emerging principles of sarcomagenesis. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of aneuploidy‐inducing agents using cytokinesis‐blocked human lymphocytes and an antikinetochore antibody

The identification of agents causing aneuploidy in humans, a condition associated with carcinogenesis and birth defects, is currently limited due to the highly skilled and time‐consuming nature of cytogenetic analyses. We report the development of a new simple and rapid assay to identify aneuploidy‐inducing agents (aneuploidogens). The assay involves the chemical‐ or radiation‐induced formation of micronuclei in cytokinesis‐blocked human lymphocytes and the use of an antikinetochore antibody to determine whether the micronuclei contain centromeres—a condition indicating a high potential for aneuploidy. All agents tested produced dose‐related increases in the frequency of micronucleated cells. The micronucleated cells induced by the known aneuploidogens—colchicine, vincristine sulfate, and diethylstilbestrol—contained kinetochore‐positive micronuclei 92, 87, and 76% of the time, respectively. In contrast, the micronucleated cells induced by the potent clastogens—ionizing radiation and sodium arsenite—contained kinetochore‐positive micronuclei only 3 and 19% of the time, respectively. These results indicate that this relatively simple assay can discriminate between aneuploidogens and clastogens and may allow a more rapid identification of environmental and therapeutic agents with aneuploidy‐inducing potential.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia complicated by chylothorax

Chylothorax is a very rare complication of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: we describe an 81‐year‐old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia complicated by chylothorax. Treatment with mediastinal irradiation and chemotherapy was unsuccessful. The pleural effusion resolved after talc pleurodesis.
THE EVOLVING VALUE OF FOREIGN PARTNERSHIPS IN TRANSITIONING ECONOMIES.

Through studying joint ventures during the early (1993) and late phases (2001) of Hungary’s economic transition to market economy, we demonstrate how institutional and economic transformation alters foreign parents’ roles in the success of joint ventures. Foreign parent decision influence and resource provision affected market performance and knowledge acquisition differently in the two phases. We conjecture that the value of foreign partner involvement in a transition economy depends in part on the maturity of the transition.
The Centrality of Events Scale in Portuguese Adolescents: Validity Evidence Based on Internal Structure and on Relations to Other Variables

We explored the measurement model of the adolescent version of the Centrality of Event Scale and its invariance across community (n = 1,079; 42.8% male), referred for foster care (n = 205; 58.0% male), and detained (n = 206 male) adolescent participants. Results indicated a three-factor measurement model, including all three functions that memories of significant life events may have, as a good fit to our data, particularly for male participants. This measurement model was invariant across boys taken from those different samples but not across gender. As for the short version of the instrument, a one-factor solution was the best fit to our data. It was invariant across boys taken from those different samples and across gender. Boys and girls expressed similar experiences, whereas community male adolescents reported the lowest impact of a meaningful event, in comparison with referred and with detained boys. These findings provide evidence on the validity of the scale for use with diverse adolescent samples, which may contribute for a better understanding of the impact that significant life events may have on the development of gender-specific and group-specific vulnerabilities.
Words and deeds: the validity of self-report data on alcohol consumption.

Social scientists have known for many years that there may be notable discrepancies, and even an inverse relationship, between reported and actual behavior. Yet this knowledge has had remarkably little effect on the extent to which reliance is placed on the validity of self-report data. Deutscher (1), in a paper entitled "Words and Deeds," has reviewed the famous LaPicrc experiment reported in 1934, and the reaction of other sociologists to the problem at that time. He notes LaPiere's contention that, although no one had ever challenged his argument that "what men say and what they do are not always in concordance," it had no effect on faith in the value of data gathered via the questionnaire. LaPiere's report was widely cited by surveyors, but when it came to the presentation of data, "each author promptly ignored the caution and proceeded to assume that his data was indicative of what people would actually do in real-life circumstances" (1, p. 30). It seems to us doubtful that LaPicrc would find reason to change his views today, especially were he to examine survey reports in the alcohol field. In 1974, Pernanen (2) reviewed this literature and showed that, on the average, estimates of consumption derived from surveys were about half the estimates based on sales statistics. Given that in most of the jurisdictions involved the latter are accurate and comprehensive, one may conclude that self-report data on the volume of alcohol consumed are likely to underreport actual behavior substantially. However, most surveyors have either ignored the problem or dismissed it on the grounds that the underreporting is consistent at all levels of consumption so that misclassification of individuals into broad categories of drinkers is unlikely. For example, Fitzgerald and Mulford (3), in their recent comparison of sales and survey data, note that "survey estimates significantly underreport alcohol consumption" but argue that "if this underreporting is consistent across all users, the rank ordering of users is preserved and the patterns of distribution of consumption derived from sales and survey data would be comparable" (p. 884). However, their contention that the underreporting is in fact consistent because the data of two surveys are reasonably well fitted by a J-curve serves only to confuse the issue. In Table 1, we present two distributions of alcohol purchases in Ontario. One is based on an analysis of a very large sample of sales records for a 1-month
The Influence of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Performance in the Manufacturing Sector in Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) practices (Compensation and Benefits, Work-life Policies, Performance Appraisal and Training and Development) and employee performance. Data was collected through questionnaire from 161 employees of a manufacturing company in Johor, Malaysia. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that performance appraisal and training and development were significantly related to employee performance. The findings suggested that training and development is the most important factor that positively influences employee performance followed by performance appraisal. Compensation and benefits and work-life policies were found to be not significant in predicting employee performance. In relation to these findings, human resource department shall have designed suitable training plan with comprehensive and consistent performance appraisal system for the employees.
Incidence of Insulin‐dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Age Groups Over 30 years in Denmark

The incidence of IDDM in the age group over 30 years was estimated in a historical prospective study, using clinical and biochemical measurements at onset as criteria for classification. The study population, nearly one million, represents 20% of the Danish population. The degree of ascertainment was >99%. One thousand two hundred and forty patients were treated with insulin during the study period (1973–77). Based on the clinical and biochemical variables, the patients were classified into three groups: insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) accounted for 16.2%, insulin‐treated diabetes mellitus for 54.1% and short‐term treated diabetes mellitus for 29.6% of the total insulin‐treated group. The incidence of IDDM in the age group over 30 years at onset was 8.2 100 000−1 year−1. The cumulative incidence rate (0–90 years) was 1.5–1.6 per cent. The present study indicates that IDDM may develop at any age. Thus the life‐time risk of developing IDDM is higher than hitherto expected.
Mandatory IFRS adoption and managers' compensation: the moderating effect of corporate governance

Our study aims to examine the effect of the mandatory IFRS adoption on executive compensation and the moderating effect of corporate governance in an emerging context, such as the case of Malaysia. Based on a sample of 96 companies listed on the stock exchange of Malaysia (bursa Malaysia), the results obtained from the various tests indicate that there is not significant effect between the IFRS adoption and managers compensation in Malaysia. Empirical evidence shows also that some corporate governance mechanisms moderate the relationship between IFRS adoption and executive compensation. Particularly, the independence of the nominating committee, compensation committee size and independence has a moderating effect on the relationship between IFRS and changes in compensation.
Tumorigenic potential associated with enhanced expression of a gene that is amplified in a mouse tumor cell line.

We have carried out an analysis of amplified DNA sequences present in a tumorigenic mouse cell line, designated 3T3DM, to determine if the presence of cellular transforming activity is correlated with the elevated expression of any of the amplified genes. These studies utilized a selection protocol that allowed for DNA sequence amplification after the introduction of each gene into non‐transformed recipient cells. Cell lines obtained from this selection protocol were assayed for tumorigenicity in nude mice. The results provided evidence that a gene, mdm2, that is amplified more than 50‐fold in the 3T3DM cell line, induces tumorigenicity when experimentally overexpressed in NIH3T3 cells and in Rat2 cells. Analysis of the predicted amino acid composition of the mdm2 product(s) revealed features similar to those that have been shown to be functionally significant in certain DNA binding proteins/transcriptional activators. These include two potential metal binding motifs and a negatively charged domain rich in acidic amino acid residues. Overall, the data support the conclusion that mdm2 represents an evolutionarily conserved gene with tumorigenic potential and a predicted role in mechanisms of cellular growth control.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage in first and second degree relatives of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage

Aggregation of subarachnoid haemorrhage has been described in numerous families,1 but whether relativxes of patients are at increased risk is unknown. If they are, they might benefit from screening for unruptured intracranial aneurysms since the outcome of subarachnoid haemorrhage is poor and asymptomatic aneurysms can now be repaired with low morbidity and mortality. We therefore studied the cumulative incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage among first and second degree relatives of patients with recent haemorrhage. We prospectively collected a series of 163 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage verified by computed tomography from the University Hospitals of Rotterdam, Utrecht, and Amsterdam, and for every patient we constructed a pedigree including all first and second degree relatives. All these relatives were interviewed by telephone in a standardised manner; they were asked about episodes of subarachnoid haemorrhage, sudden severe headache, stroke, and sudden death. For deceased relatives a next of kin was interviewed about the cause of …
The accessibility and usage of smartphones by Arab-speaking visually impaired people

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate accessibility and usage of mobile smartphones by Arabic-speaking visually impaired people in Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 104 participants with visual impairments were interviewed about their use of mobile phones with the following questions: What is the most commonly used mobile phone? What is the popular domain for which they use mobile phones? What are their favorite applications? What accessibility challenges do they usually face while using mobile phones? How often do they use the Internet via mobile phones and what are the reasons behind that? Findings – This research is the first study with such magnitude to investigate smartphone usage by Arabic-speaking visually impaired people. The survey has revealed that Arabic-speaking visually impaired people utilize mobile phones in different ways and strategies. Getting assistance in performing daily tasks and navigating independently are two of the most common uses for mobile phones. Origin.
Factors affecting the development of cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningitis after translabyrinthine acoustic tumor surgery

Meningitis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak are serious complications of acoustic tumor surgery. Previous reports have varied in the incidence of and the predisposing factors to these complications. This study reviews a series of 723 acoustic tumors removed via the translabyrinthine approach at the House Ear Clinic in Los Angeles. The incidences of CSF leak and meningitis were 6.8% and 2.9%, respectively. The patients who developed these problems were compared to the remainder of the study population for differences in age at surgery, tumor size, operative time, and length of hospital stay. Meningitis occurred more frequently in larger tumors, and patients with either complication had a longer hospital stay. The presence of CSF leak did not predispose to meningitis. It is concluded that technical factors account for postoperative CSF leak and meningitis after translabyrinthine acoustic tumor removal.
Agnosia for faces (prosopagnosia).

Difficulty in the recognition of faces as a symptom in patients with cerebral disease is not a new observation. It was first described by Charcot 1 in 1883 and by Wilbrand 2 in 1892. Case reports alluding to the phenomenon were later published by Millian, 3 Hoff and Potzl 4 and Donini. 5 However, it was Bodamer 6 who definitively described the deficit in 1947 on the basis of 3 personally observed cases, and who proposed the name "prosopagnosia" for this special type of visual agnosia. Realizing that "prosopagnosia" is often merely one aspect of the clinical picture of severe object or form agnosia, Bodamer took pains to emphasize that this is not always the case and that recognition of faces may be preserved in patients with object agnosia. In this connection, he cited the cases of Lissauer 7 and Nielsen. 8 Ajuriaguerra and one of us (H.H.) recently observed
Identifying the Relative Contributions of Rac1 and Rac2 to Osteoclastogenesis

Rac small GTPases may play an important regulatory role in osteoclastogenesis. Our in vitro and in vivo results show that both Rac1 and Rac2 are required for optimal osteoclast differentiation, but Rac1 is more critical. Rac1 is the key Rac isoform responsible for regulating ROS generation and the actin cytoskeleton during the multiple stages of osteoclast differentiation.
Mood State Dissociates Conflict Adaptation Within Tasks and Across Tasks

The present study investigated the influence of mood state (positive vs. negative) on the cognitive control process of conflict adaptation. A task-switching paradigm was applied, allowing to assess conflict adaptation both within tasks and across tasks. A success-failure manipulation was applied for mood induction. Within-task conflict adaptation tended to be larger in negative mood than in positive mood, in line with previous findings in the literature. Across-task conflict adaptation was also observed, but only in the positive mood group: Participants in positive mood showed larger conflict adaptation than participants in negative mood. We suggest that different cognitive mechanisms underlie this double dissociation: Within-task conflict adaptation is enhanced in negative mood because response conflict is aversive in nature, and is therefore congruent to negative mood states. Between-task conflict adaptation is only present in positive mood because of less distinct task representations under positive mood, leading conflict adaptation to transfer to the other task. The data show that influences of mood state on cognitive control are multifaceted, with some control processes being enhanced and others attenuated in negative relative to positive mood.
Multicenter phase II study of fertility-sparing treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate for endometrial carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia in young women.

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of fertility-sparing treatment using medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for endometrial carcinoma (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AH) in young women. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicenter prospective study was carried out at 16 institutions in Japan. Twenty-eight patients having EC at presumed stage IA and 17 patients with AH at younger than 40 years of age were enrolled. All patients were given a daily oral dose of 600 mg of MPA with low-dose aspirin. This treatment continued for 26 weeks, as long as the patients responded. Histologic change of endometrial tissue was assessed at 8 and 16 weeks of treatment. Either estrogen-progestin therapy or fertility treatment was provided for the responders after MPA therapy. The primary end point was a pathologic complete response (CR) rate. Toxicity, pregnancy rate, and progression-free interval were secondary end points. RESULTS CR was found in 55% of EC cases and 82% of AH cases. The overall CR rate was 67%. Neither therapeutic death nor irreversible toxicities were observed; however, two patients had grade 3 body weight gain, and one patient had grade 3 liver dysfunction. During the 3-year follow-up period, 12 pregnancies and seven normal deliveries were achieved after MPA therapy. Fourteen recurrences were found in 30 patients (47%) between 7 and 36 months. CONCLUSION The efficacy of fertility-sparing treatment with a high-dose of MPA for EC and AH was proven by this prospective trial. Even in responders, however, close follow-up is required because of the substantial rate of recurrence.
When does product brand matter to children?

How children assess a product’s brand and other perceptual attributes is one of the primary issues of consumer socialization. To date, we know little about the age at which children begin to perceive product brand as a dominant feature compared with other perceptually salient product attributes. This critical point in the maturation of a child was examined in two studies of 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children. In these studies, the children performed categorization tasks that were based on Chiu’s paradigm in the first study and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in the second study. The results indicate that product brand did not matter to children until the age of 9 years. For the 9- and 11-year-old children, the product’s brand became the dominant feature in their product categorization compared with other perceptual attributes. We discuss the practical and theoretical implications of these results for child-oriented education and marketing.