Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family Tourist - is Different Motive, Different Choice of Tourist Activity?

Currently, many families travelling to various tourist destinations. This phenomenon is interesting to be investigated. Existing research results can be utilized by stakeholders to develop their own policies and strategies. However, at this time not much study exists in family travel. This study examines family’s travel motivations, family’s activities in destination, and the differences of family’s activity choice across categories of travel motivations. Survey method has been employed in this study. The sample was obtained from a residence in Bogor City, West Java and consisted of 300 families chosen by convenience sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and hypothesis test using chi-square. The findings indicated that there were two dominant family’s travel motivations, personal escape and interpersonal seeking. The family chose natural, cultural, and special tourist activities. Family’s activity choice across categories of travel motivations was the same except rafting. It was most preferred by families who had personal escape motivation.
The influence of education level and job type on work-related travel patterns within rural metro-adjacent regions: The case of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Contemporary functional linkages and their relationships with the underlying settlement structure have been widely explored within polycentric urban configurations, but little attention has been paid to their adjacent rural regions. This paper examines the spatial patterns of commuting versus business travel in rural metro-adjacent regions to explain their reconfigured urban structures. These travel patterns are compared by considering workers’ education levels and occupations to investigate how rural metro-adjacent regions offer different opportunities for highly and non-highly skilled workers. Based on two surveys conducted by the authors in 2012, this work focuses on Castilla-La Mancha (CLM, Spain), a rural region under the influence of Madrid. The empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of considering different functional linkages when explaining the underlying urban network. In particular, the results reinforce the idea of consolidating the polycentric spatial organization of urban centers in CLM, although this concentration is greater for commuting travel purposes and for highly skilled professionals. Conversely, the openness of CLM to other Spanish regions (including the adjacent metropolitan region) is greater for business travel than for commuting. The results also illustrate that the level of engagement, both in commuting and in business travel, increases with education. Finally, the results show that business travel occurs over longer distances than commuting does for all workers residing in rural metro-adjacent regions, regardless of education.
Comparative study of tissue culture and mouse inoculation methods for demonstration of Toxoplasma gondii

Two methods for the isolation of Toxoplasma gondii were analyzed and compared. Bradyzoites or tachyzoites of three strains of T. gondii were injected into mice and introduced in parallel onto MRC5 fibroblasts cultured on cover slips. In the cultures, the parasites were more readily identified by an indirect immunofluorescence assay than by examination of unstained or Giemsa-stained cultures. With the RH strain, the tachyzoites replicated actively, and large foci of parasites were observed in 24 h. The bradyzoites or tachyzoites of the other strains could also be cultivated, but grew rather slowly; 2 days after inoculation, early stages of multiplication could be observed: from day +4, Toxoplasma clusters or foci were easily identified at a x100 magnification. The course of infection in mice was greatly dependent on the virulence of the strain and on the parasitic stage inoculated. In the chronically infected mice, evidence of Toxoplasma infection was only detected 45 days after inoculation through the demonstration of cysts in the brain or the presence of specific antibodies in the serum. The mean ratio of infected mice and positive cultures was compared in relation to the inoculum size. The tissue culture method was found to be at least as sensitive as mouse inoculation. Since Toxoplasma organisms may be isolated within a few days in tissue culture, it is proposed that this method should be used when early isolation of the parasite is crucial for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
RAI1 variations in Smith–Magenis syndrome patients without 17p11.2 deletions

Background: Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS) (OMIM No 182290) is a mental retardation syndrome characterised by behavioural abnormalities, including self injurious behaviours, sleep disturbance, and distinct craniofacial and skeletal anomalies. It is usually associated with deletion involving 17p11.2 and is estimated to occur in 1/25 000 births. Heterozygous frameshift mutations leading to protein truncation in retinoic acid induced 1 gene (RAI1) have been identified in individuals with phenotypic features consistent with SMS. RAI1 lies within the 17p11.2 locus, but these patients did not have 17p11.2 deletions. Objective: Analysis of four individuals with features consistent with SMS for variations in RAI1, using a polymerase chain reaction and sequencing strategy. None of these patients carry 17p11.2 deletions. Results: Two patients had small deletions in RAI1 resulting in frameshift and premature truncation of the protein. Missense mutations were identified in the other two. Orthologs across other genomes showed that these missense mutations occurred in identically conserved regions of the gene. The mutations were de novo, as all parental samples were normal. Several polymorphisms were also observed, including new and reported SNPs. The patients’ clinical features differed from those found in 17p11.2 deletion by general absence of short stature and lack of visceral anomalies. All four patients had developmental delay, reduced motor and cognitive skills, craniofacial and behavioural anomalies, and sleep disturbance. Seizures, not previously thought to be associated with RAI1 mutations, were observed in one patient of the cohort. Conclusions: Haploinsufficiency of the RAI1 gene is associated with most features of SMS, including craniofacial, behavioural, and neurological signs and symptoms.
Resilience of the health team in caring for people with mental disorders in a psychiatric hospital.

OBJECTIVE Evaluating and understanding the resilience process of the health team in caring for people with mental disorders in a psychiatric hospital. METHOD A mixed-method study with concomitant triangulation of data from a cross-sectional study, with health professionals, and Grounded Theory in the data. Quantitative data were collected using the Resilience Scale and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were obtained from interviews and analyzed using initial and focused coding. RESULTS 40 health professionals participated in the study. Mean responses of the participants in the resilience scale were 99.80 ± 12.86 points, with a minimum of 35 and a maximum of 114 points. From the qualitative data, we can highlight the professionals' commitment in developing competencies in caring for people with mental disorders; valorization of teamwork and positive impact on work for the re-signification of the meaning of life. CONCLUSION Understanding this process of resilience enables developing strategies to improve the quality of life of workers in psychiatric hospitals. OBJETIVO Avaliar e compreender o processo de resiliência da equipe de saúde no cuidado a pessoas com transtornos mentais em um hospital psiquiátrico. MÉTODO Estudo de método misto com triangulação concomitante de dados de um estudo transversal, com profissionais de saúde, e uma Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Os dados quantitativos foram coletados a partir da Escala de Resiliência e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os dados qualitativos foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas e analisados mediante codificação inicial e focalizada. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 40 profissionais de saúde. Na escala de resiliência, a média das respostas dos participantes foi 99,80±12,86 pontos, o mínimo foi de 35 e o máximo de 114 pontos. Nos dados qualitativos, destacaram-se o empenho dos profissionais para o desenvolvimento de competências para o cuidado de pessoas com transtornos mentais, a valorização do trabalho em equipe e o impacto positivo no trabalho para a ressignificação do sentido da vida. Conclusão: O entendimento desse processo de resiliência possibilita o desenvolvimento de estratégias para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores que atuam em hospitais psiquiátricos.
Management of a Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction to IV Etoposide in a Woman with a Yolk Sac Tumor: A Case Report

Type I hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous administration of etoposide are extremely rare. Etoposide is an essential component of several chemotherapy regimens used in gynecologic oncology, and discontinuation of this drug during a course of treatment should only be due to severe patient intolerance. We report the successful use of intravenous etoposide phosphate as a substitute drug in a patient with a yolk sac tumor who manifested a Type I hypersensitivity to intravenous etoposide. The patient ultimately completed all 4 cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin (BEP) using etoposide phosphate as a substitute drug.
Experimental infection of poults and guinea fowl with genetically distinct avian astroviruses

Avian astroviruses, of the genus Avastrovirus, are recognized as being the cause of enteritis in different bird species worldwide. In particular, turkeys are very susceptible and can be severely affected by this viral agent. More recently, astroviruses were detected in diseased guinea fowl in Italy but whether or not they were the causative agents of the clinical disease was not established. Despite the distribution and relevance of Avastrovirus infection, very little information on pathogenesis or factors influencing the pathogenicity of astroviruses is available. To increase available data on the pathogenesis of these viruses and to test the hypothesis of possible interspecies transmission, experimental infections were carried out in turkeys and guinea fowl with two genetically distinct avian astroviruses, namely TK-6363 and GF-5497, originating respectively from diseased turkey poults and guinea fowl. Data obtained in our study show that both of the viruses selected were able to infect young birds of the species in which they were originally detected. Additionally, these viruses were able to infect young birds of different species causing clinical signs, thus providing experimental evidence for the infection of distinct avian astroviruses in different avian species.
Neurodegenerative Mutation in Cytoplasmic Dynein Alters Its Organization and Dynein-Dynactin and Dynein-Kinesin Interactions*

A single amino acid change, F580Y (Legs at odd angles (Loa), Dync1h1Loa), in the highly conserved and overlapping homodimerization, intermediate chain, and light intermediate chain binding domain of the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain can cause severe motor and sensory neuron loss in mice. The mechanism by which the Loa mutation impairs the neuron-specific functions of dynein is not understood. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration arising from this mutation, we applied a cohort of biochemical methods combined with in vivo assays to systemically study the effects of the mutation on the assembly of dynein and its interaction with dynactin. We found that the Loa mutation in the heavy chain leads to increased affinity of this subunit of cytoplasmic dynein to light intermediate and a population of intermediate chains and a suppressed association of dynactin to dynein. These data suggest that the Loa mutation drives the assembly of cytoplasmic dynein toward a complex with lower affinity to dynactin and thus impairing transport of cargos that tether to the complex via dynactin. In addition, we detected up-regulation of kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1) and its increased association with dynein but reduced microtubule-associated KLC1 in the Loa samples. We provide a model describing how up-regulation of KLC1 and its interaction with cytoplasmic dynein in Loa could play a regulatory role in restoring the retrograde and anterograde transport in the Loa neurons.
Depressive symptoms, friend and partner relationship quality, and posttreatment abstinence.

OBJECTIVE This study employed a prospective design to examine the role of friend and partner relationship quality 1 year following substance use disorder treatment in the association between depressive symptoms at discharge from treatment and abstinence from substance use 2 years after treatment. METHOD The sample consisted of 1,453 male veterans who used alcohol and at least one other substance in the 3 months before treatment admission, who completed treatment, and who were abstinent from substances during the 2 weeks before discharge. RESULTS Fewer depressive symptoms at treatment discharge predicted better relationship quality with friends and a partner at 1-year follow-up, as well as abstinence from substance use at 2-year follow-up. Furthermore, friend and partner relationship quality at 1 year predicted abstinence from substance use at 2 years. Friend relationship quality at 1 year mediated part of the association between fewer depressive symptoms at treatment discharge and abstinence at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS A stronger focus in treatment on reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing the quality of patients' relationships with their friends and partner may increase the likelihood of long-term abstinence.
[Pet ownership and health status of pets from immunocompromised children, with emphasis in zoonotic diseases].

OBJECTIVE To characterize pet ownership and pet health status in families of immunocompromised (IS) children, with emphasis in zoonotic diseases. POPULATION AND METHODS Families of IS children from two hospitals in Santiago, Chile, were interviewed and their pets were evaluated by veterinary examination, coproparasitologic and skin dermatophytes test. In specific cases, other laboratory tests were performed in IS children or their relatives. RESULTS 47 out of 70 contacted families had pets, 42 participated in the study. Several risk factors for IS children were observed, as having a turtle as a pet and to clean cat or turtle faeces. Lack of adequate veterinary control, immunizations and deparasitation of pets were observed. Some animals showed zoonotic diseases or agents, as Brucella canis, Cryptosporidium sp, Giardia intestinalis, Toxocara canis and scabies. 44% of dogs had ticks and 37% had fleas, both potential vectors of infections. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that policies to provide safer pet contact in IS children are needed.
In vivo and in vitro activation and expansion of gammadelta T cells during Listeria monocytogenes infection in humans

Serial flow cytometry analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 8 patients infected with Listeria monocytogenes showed a higher percentage (P < 0.01) of gammadelta T cells (median, 11.7; range, 3.7 to 35.3) than did 16 age-matched uninfected controls (1.7, 0.4 to 13). Most in vivo-expanded gammadelta T cells expressed the Vgamma9 and Vdelta2 gene products and displayed a memory phenotype (CD45RO[high]), and patients' gammadelta T cells expressed significantly more (P < 0.01) activation marker HLA-DR than did controls (19.8% [median] and 0.9 to 87.6% [range] versus 2.3% and 0 to 4.7%, respectively). When peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors were cultured in vitro with heat-killed Listeria cells, analysis of CD25 and HLA-DR expression on gammadelta and alphabeta T cells indicated that a high percentage of gammadelta T cells was activated early compared to alphabeta T cells. In addition, depletion of gammadelta T cells before culture abrogated the early lymphocyte proliferative response induced by the pathogen. Taken together, these results argue for the involvement of gammadelta T cells during L. monocytogenes infection in humans.
Benzoate degradation by Rhodococcus opacus 1CP after dormancy: Characterization of dioxygenases involved in the process

ABSTRACT The process of benzoate degradation by strain Rhodococcus opacus 1CP after a five-year dormancy was investigated and its peculiarities were revealed. The strain was shown to be capable of growth on benzoate at a concentration of up to 10 g L−1. The substrate specificity of benzoate dioxygenase (BDO) during the culture growth on a medium with a low (200–250 mg L−1) and high (4 g L−1) concentration of benzoate was assessed. BDO of R. opacus 1CP was shown to be an extremely narrow specificity enzyme. Out of 31 substituted benzoates, only with one, 3-chlorobenzoate, its activity was higher than 9% of that of benzoate. Two dioxygenases, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (Cat 1,2-DO) and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (PCA 3,4-DO), were identified in a cell-free extract, purified and characterized. The substrate specificity of Cat 1,2-DO isolated from cells of strain 1CP after the dormancy was found to differ significantly from that of Cat 1,2-DO isolated earlier from cells of this strain grown on benzoate. By its substrate specificity, the described Cat 1,2-DO was close to the Cat 1,2-DO from strain 1CP grown on 4-methylbenzoate. Neither activity nor inhibition by protocatechuate was observed during the reaction of Cat 1,2-DO with catechol, and catechol had no inhibitory effect on the reaction of PCA 3,4-DO with protocatechuate.
Factors related to childhood suicides: analysis of the Queensland Child Death Register.

BACKGROUND Suicide among children under the age of 15 years is a leading cause of death. AIMS The aim of the current study is to identify demographic, psychosocial, and psychiatric factors associated with child suicides. METHOD Using external causes of deaths recorded in the Queensland Child Death Register, a case-control study design was applied. Cases were suicides of children (10-14 years) and adolescents (15-17 years); controls were other external causes of death in the same age band. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2012, 149 suicides were recorded: 34 of children aged 10-14 years and 115 of adolescents aged 15-17 years. The gender asymmetry was less evident in child suicides and suicides were significantly more prevalent in indigenous children. Children residing in remote areas were significantly more likely to die by suicide than other external causes compared with children in metropolitan areas. Types of precipitating events differed between children and adolescents, with children more likely to experience family problems. Disorders usually diagnosed during infancy, childhood, and adolescence (e.g., ADHD) were significantly more common among children compared with adolescents who died by suicide. CONCLUSION Psychosocial and environmental aspects of children, in addition to mental health and behavioral difficulties, are important in the understanding of suicide in this age group and in the development of targeted suicide prevention.
Disarticulation between Civic Values and Nationalism: Mapping Chinese State Nationalism in Post-handover Hong Kong

Drawing upon the ethnic-civic dialogue of nationalism, this article shows how Chinese state nationalism disarticulates from the civic values of Hong Kong in the post-handover years. Surveys from 2010 to 2016 in general reveal a dwindling pride in Chinese state nationalism in Hong Kong, and its disarticulation from the treasured values of civic rights and qualities in the city. As seen in this study, Hong Kong Chinese articulation of nationalism in the form of Chinese ethnic icons shrank throughout the study period. The same study also shows that neither civic values nor cultural pride in Hong Kong are conducive to the building of Chinese state nationalism, nor are they a significant impetus to cultural resistance against China’s nation-building project in Hong Kong. The article empirically shows the limitation of nation-building, which relies mainly on ethnic appeal but less on civic dimensions. It also discusses to what extent the ethnic-civic dialogue of nation-building could inform Chinese state nationalism and resistance to it in post-handover Hong Kong.
Expression of a structural domain of the β2 subunit essential for αMβ2 ligand recognition

The β2 leukocyte integrins comprise a group of closely related adhesion receptors that mediate critical events during normal and inflammatory immune responses. Central to the understanding of β2 integrin function is the basis of ligand recognition. Results from our laboratory and others indicate the presence of multiple ligand contact points in both the α and β subunit. As an approach to identify and characterize regulatory domains of the β2 subunit, we have generated two different subdomains of the β2 subunit for expression on the surface of mammalian cells through a phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor. The first subdomain contains the putative β2 MIDAS motif implicated in ligand binding [β2(LB)], whereas the second β2 subdomain contains the cysteine‐rich region [β2(CR)]. Cells expressing αm and β2 constructs singly or cotransfected transiently in COS‐7 cells were tested for the ability to bind to immobilized iC3b. Cells bearing the recombinant αMβ2(LB) were capable of adhering to iC3b in a manner similar to that observed with the complete αMβ2 heterodimer. In contrast, cells expressing αMβ2(CR) failed to adhere to immobilized iC3b. Moreover, cells bearing singly transfected α or β chains alone failed to adhere to immobilized iC3b. These results indicate that along with αm, the β2(LB) subdomain contains the sufficient components within the β2 subunit essential for ligand recognition. These findings support the hypothesis that the β2 subunit cooperates with site(s) within the αM subunit in a receptor/cation/ligand complex resulting in high‐affinity ligand interaction. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 767–773; 1998.
Eleven novel JAK3 mutations in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency—including the first patients with mutations in the kinase domain

Defects of the JAK3‐gene are known to cause an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency with almost absent T‐cells and functionally defective B‐cells (T‐B+SCID). The JAK3 protein, an intracellular tyrosine kinase, is crucial for signal‐transmission from the common gamma chain to the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) that drive gene expression in the nucleus. We present nine novel patients with eleven distinct mutations (g.96A>G, g.268G>C, IVS12‐1G>A, g.2046C>T, g.2160C>T, g.2175G>A, g.2187G>T, g.2391C>T, g.2406C>T, IVS18+3G>C) among them a mutation in the kinase domain (JH1: g.3167del). The clinical phenotype of the patients shows an unusually broad spectrum ranging from classical SCID to almost normal. In order to understand the complex genotype‐phenotype correlation we studied expression and function (by IL‐2 induced phosphorylation) of the newly identified and two other alleles with JH1 mutations we recently reported. We found the first mutation in the JH1‐domain of JAK3, that precludes kinase activity (L910S). The two other JH1 mutations both caused a premature stop. One of them (C1024fsX1037) also abolished any phosphorylation of JAK3 and expression of the protein. The other mutation (Y1023X), affecting the last JH1 tyrosine, may allow for residual protein expression and phosphorylation. This may indicate that the part of the kinase region downstream Y1023, is not essential for the function of JAK3. Hum Mutat 18:355–356, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.