Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT, SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF OYSTERS ACROSS THE GREAT BARRIER-REEF

Settlement plates of coral rock were moored on the Central Great Barrier Reef in order to evaluate the distribution of competent bivalve larvae and post-settlement growth and survivorship of oysters in different regions. Oysters were chosen because they dominate plates. The regions and sites were outer reef (Myrmidon), central reef (John Brewer), inner reef (Pandora) and an inshore non-reef habitat (Bowling Green Bay). Cross-shelf differences were studied by transferring plates from John Brewer Reef to the other sites with the return of some plates to John Brewer to control transfer effects. Cross-reef and fish predation effects were studied by transferring caged and uncaged plates to the fore reef, reef flat and back reef at John Brewer. Transfer to the back reef also evaluated the effect of Acropora colonies as relative refugia from fish predation and sand flats as an area relatively free of the invertebrate predators associated with coral rubble. There were clear regional settlement differences. Myrmidon Reef had lowest densities (6 2 ind 500cn1-'), high species richness ( l ? of 24 species identified in the project), and low equitabllity dominated by Ostrea foliurn. John Brewer ( l 6 species) had high densities (> 100 ind. 5 0 0 c m ~ ) and hlgh specles equitability. Pandora Reef had the most species (20) and the highest densities because of a massive settlement of Pinctada maxima, most of which fell off the plates after recovery. Bowling Green Bay had low density ( 16 ind. 500cn1-~) and only 13 species, Ostrea angasi being a strong dominant. Average bivalve sizes increased from the outer to the inner reef. The cross-shelf transplant experiments showed strong trends in the growth rate with Myrmidon having the slowest and John Brewer and Pandora having the fastest growth. Growth rates of Plnctada and Ostrea spp. and Crassostrea commercialis differed significantly across the shelf. Ostrea spp. were largest at John Brewer, while Pinctada spp. and most Crassostrea spp. were largest at Pandora. At Bowling Green Bay oysters were smaller than at Pandora. Survivorship of Crassostrea spp. was about the same in all areas, but Pinctada and Ostrea spp. had significantly higher mortality at Bowling Green Bay and Pandora. In the cross-reef experiment immediate fish predation was highest on plates set in sand and lowest on plates under an Acropora thicket and there was much less fish predation at the reef flat and back reef sites. Oysters suffered very large mortalities from predation by invertebrates, especially gastropods, at all sites, but this was reduced for plates over sand substrata.
Therapeutic effect of combined antioxidant drugs (4-OHPBN plus NAC) onacute acoustic trauma in terms of distortion product otoacoustic emission

Therapeutic effect of combined antioxidant drugs (4-OHPBN plus NAC) on acute acoustic trauma in terms of distortion product otoacoustic emission Chul-Hee Choi Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Kyung-Buk, Korea Research Institute of Biomimetic Sensory Control, Catholic University of Daegu, Kyung-Buk, Korea Acute acoustic trauma (AAT) induces hearing loss through the primary hair cell death pathway called apoptosis. The hair cell death occurs by over-production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and other free radicals, which result from oxidative stress destroying the antioxidant defense mechanisms in the cochlea. Pharmacological approaches have been developed to prevent or treat cochlear damage induced by AAT. The objective of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combined antioxidant drugs (4-OHPBN plus NAC) in treating hearing loss induced by AAT when these drugs are orally administered. Thirty female chinchillas (six for each group) were exposed to a 105 dB SPL octave-band noise centered at 4 kHz for 6 hours. A combination of 4-hydroxy phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (4-OHPBN) plus N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC) were orally administered to all experimental groups giving a first injection 4 hour after noise exposure and continually injecting twice daily for the next two days. Cubic distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) before noise exposure and 21 days after noise exposure were obtained and statistically analyzed. The cubic DPOAE amplitudes were significantly different among different groups at different frequencies. The oral administration of 4-OHPBN plus NAC significantly increased permanent DPOAE amplitude. The increase was partially correlated with the dose of 4-OHPBN plus NAC. These results demonstrate that the combination of 4-OHPBN plus NAC can treat acute acoustic trauma although these drugs are orally administered. At the high dose of 4-OHPBN (75 mg/kg) plus NAC (200 mg/kg), the cubic DPOAE amplitude was reduced compared to those of 4-OHPBN (50 mg/kg) plus NAC (100 mg/kg). This reduction indicates that the only highest dose of 4-OHPBN may be ototoxic.
An econometric study of Belgium since the 19 th Century

This empirical study uses one hundred years of annual data on eleven agricultural commodities from Belgium to measure the impact of structural changes coinciding with economic development and changes in political institutions on agricultural protection. The analysis shows that changes in agricultural protection are caused by a combination of factors. Governments have increased protection and support to farmers when world market prices for their commodities fell, and vice versa, offsetting market effects on producer incomes. Other economic determinants were the share of the commodities in total consumer expenditures (negative effect) and in total output of the economy (positive effect). With Belgium a small economy, there was no impact of the trade position. Some changes in political institutions have affected agricultural protection. Democratic reforms which induced a significant shift in the political balance towards agricultural interests, such as the introduction of the one-man-one-vote system, led to an increase in agricultural protection. The integration of Belgian agricultural policies in the Common Agricultural Policy in 1968 coincided with an increase in protection, ceteris paribus. Both institutional factors, related to changes in access to and information about the decision-making at the EU level, and structural changes in the Belgian agricultural and food economy may explain this effect.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON DETERMINATION OF RELATI- ONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND JOB SATISFACTION

In today's market conditions, the importance of competition has increased for employees, which has made the harmony between employees and job even more important. In simple terms, job satisfaction is defined as the satisfaction that the employee derives from his job. This study was conducted to determine individual characteristics that affect job satisfaction levels of employees of companies operating in the automotive industry in Şanlıurfa. 109 employees who are working in automotive industry in Şanlıurfa participated in the survey of study and after elimination of incorrect and incomplete surveys as a result of the evaluation, it was found that there are 105 surveys suitable for analysis. Frequency distribution, Factory Analysis and Reliability Analysis were made. T-test was made in order to determine whether there is any difference between the groups of gender and labor type in terms of job satisfaction level. Kruskal–Wallis H test was used to determine whether there is a significant difference among the age groups, educational status, position in the company, duty and term of employment in terms of job satisfaction level. As a result of analyses, it was found that there is difference in job satisfaction levels of employees by their gender, but there is no difference in job satisfaction levels of employees by their age, educational status, labor type, position in the company, duty and total term of employment in the company.
Invasive Birds in Japan

Introduction of exotic birds has been increasing throughout the world. We conducted inquiry investigations in order to reveal the spread of introduced bird species in Japan. Forty-three exotic species are known to breed or are regarded as breeding. The Feral Pigeon (Columba livia), Chinese Bamboo Partridge (Bambusicola thoracica), Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea), Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) and Red Avadavat (Amandava amandava) are widely distributed. The Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri manillensis), Common Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), Light-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), Melodious Laughing Thrush (Garrulax canorus), Crested Myna (Acridotheres cristatellus) and Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica sericea) are locally common, though they have limited ranges. Sightings of other species were sporadic and regionally limited. Most of introduced birds in Japan are escaped caged birds. About two thirds are from tropical regions, and show diet generalism as omnivores, granivores and frugivorous or herbivorous insectivores. Light-vented Bulbuls, Feral Pigeons and Common Peafowl exerted crop damage. Although adverse effects by exotic birds are not prominent yet, there is great concern that exotic birds will become a threat to native biota and habitats in future.
Effect of Age on Postoperative Results in Elderly Coronary By-pass Patients

Results: Of these 510 patients, 382 (74.9%) were male and 89 (17.5%) were older than 70 years of age. Post-operative mortality, pulmonary and neurologic morbidity occurred in 27 (5.3%), 78 (15.3%) and 26 (5.1%) patients, respectively. The comparison of patients with ≤ 70 and > 70 years of age showed that the differences were signifi cant (mortality 4.0% vs. 11.2%, p= 0.012; pulmonary morbidity 13.5% vs. 23.6%, p= 0.022; neurologic morbidity 3.3% vs. 13.5%, p= 0.0001). Presence of cerebrovascular disease (odds ratio= 4.72; p= 0.014) and advanced age (odds ratio= 3.55; p= 0.016) were independent predictors of neurologic complications. Every year increase above 51.5 years of age was associated with 5.8% (p= 0.049) increased neurologic complication risk.
What is Reflection-in-Action? A Phenomenological Account

Building on the work of Donald Schon and phenomenological treatments of practice, we propose a phenomenological theory of reflection-in-action that develops this concept further, thereby transcending a number of limitations we find in his theorizing. Our theory includes: an appreciation for the evaluative dimensions built into competent practice that encourage, if not require, reflecting; a further theorizing of the character of surprise; and a fuller delineation of the character of improvisation in relation to practice and its surprises. We begin with a phenomenological account of cognition in relation to work, especially in its form of professional practice. We reframe Schon's arguments in phenomenological, especially Heideggerian, terms and take account of relatively recent theorizing about knowledge-based work, illustrating these discussions with a vignette drawn from field research in the world of practice. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these arguments for practitioners as well as for further theorizing.
A NOTE ON HOLOMORPHICALLY PROJECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS OF A KÄHLERIAN SPACE WITH PARALLEL RICCI TENSOR

Introduction. Recently we have discussed infinitesimal holomorphically projective transformations in Kahlerian spaces and obtained, for instance, the following theorems: If a Kahlerian space with parallel Ricci tensor admits an analytic infinitesimal HP-transformation which is not affine, then it is a Kάhler-Einstein space. In a complete Kάhler-Einstein space with 2? < 0, if the length of the associated vector of an analytic infinitesimal HP-transformation is bounded, then the transformation is affine. In connection with these problems, we shall study complete Kahlerian spaces holomorphically projective related and having parallel Ricci tensors. Then we shall prove theorems stated at the end of §1. T.Nagano [l] has recently studied the corresponding problems concerning complete Riemannian spaces which are projectively related and have parallel Ricci tensors.
Drought indices revisited – improving and testing of drought indices in a simulation of the last two millennia for Europe

Over the past decades, different drought indices have been suggested in the literature. This study tackles the problem of how to characterize droughts by defining a framework and proposing a generalized family of drought indices that is flexible regarding the use of different hydrological fluxes in the water balance. The sensitivity of various indices and its skill to represent drought conditions is evaluated using a regional model simulation for Europe spanning the last two millennia as test bed. The framework combines an exponentially damped memory with a normalization method based on quantile mapping. Both approaches are more robust and physically meaningful compared to the existing methods used to define drought indices. Still, the framework is flexible with respect to hydrological fluxes used for the water balance, enabling users to adapt the index formulation to the data availability of different locations. Based on it, indices using different hydrological fluxes in the water balance are compared with each other showing that a drought index considering only precipitation in the water balance is sufficient for western to central Europe. In the Mediterranean, temperature effects via evapotranspiration rather than potential evapotranspiration, need to be considered to produce meaningful indices representative of water deficit. In addition, our results indicate that in north-eastern Europe and Scandinavia, snow and run-off effects need to be considered simultaneously in the index definition to obtain accurate results.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen at Perovskite (BSCF)-MWCNT Composite Electrodes

A composite paste electrode based on Ba0.5Sr0. 5Co0.8Fe0. 2O3-δ (BSCF)—initially synthesized by solgel method—and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as a cathode in fuel cells is developed. The composite pastes are prepared by the direct mixing of BSCF:MWCNT at 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 (% w/W). These electrodes are then characterized by the x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The XRD and SEM confirm the inclusion and the uniform dispersal of the MWCNT within BSCF, respectively. The nitrogen adsorption isotherm study shows that the porosity of the composite paste electrode has been improved by two-fold from the BSCF electrode. The EIS and CV demonstrate that the higher ratios of MWCNT in the composites are critical in improving the electronic conductivity as well as the kinetics. It is also noticeable that the electrode has increased the catalysis of oxygen in 0.1 M KOH (pH 12.0). Cyclic voltammetric studies on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) suggest that the incorporation of MWCNT is vital in improving the electrode (cathode) properties of a fuel cell.
FORECASTING BROILER WATER DEMAND: ECONOMETRIC AND TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

A profit maximization model and an ARIMA model were developed to forecast water demand for broiler production. Broiler production decisions are made in three successive stages -- primary broiler breeding flock, hatchery flock, and finishing broiler production. The forecasted numbers of broilers from structural and ARIMA models depart significantly from a USGS physical model. Analysis indicates 15% slippage in water demand forecasting related to disregarding the role of economic variables. We also found that an appropriate lag structure can fully capture the information used in structural models, assuming no structural change.
Does organisational commitment enhance the relationship between job involvement and in-role performance?

Orientation: Job involvement is essential for the performance of employees. Prior researchers have found a weak relationship between job involvement and job performance, but dimensions of commitment have been considered as a mediator to enhance the relationship. Research purpose: This research is aimed at discovering the role of organisational commitment as a mediating variable between the relationship of job involvement and performance. Motivation for the study: The aim of organisations today is to outperform each other in every respect. In order to realise this, the role of employees is crucial. To elicit the best from employees requires much attention from organisations. This research is focused on this specific issue, namely, increasing employees’ performance. Research design, approach and method: The researchers have used structured questionnaires using the quantitative approach. A similar research methodology using the survey method was applied by the researchers to make the results comparable. The simple random sampling technique was used. Data was evaluated on the basis of 208 completed questionnaires. Main findings: Findings of the study indicate that there is a relationship between job involvement and in-role performance. Affective and normative commitment can act as mediator. However, continuance commitment is not a mediator in this relationship. Practical/managerial implications: It is important for organisations that want to gain a competitive edge over its rivals to enhance the level of involvement of its employees. Contribution/value-add: The results of this study will provide a new dimension for managers on how to gain a competitive advantage over rival firms with regard to performance by increasing the level of job involvement.
Group psychoeducation in bipolar disorder and its influence on the cognitive representation of illness and basic personality dimensions: a control group study

Method: Initially, the study included 40 consecutive patients with the DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder: the first 20 were included in the study group and the following 20 in the control group. To take part in the study, all patients had to be in functional remission. The final statistical analysis includes 14 patients from each group. Cognitive representation of illness was presented in terms of the following variables: acceptance of illness, locus of health control, general self-efficacy, hope for success, and beliefs about the condition. The intervention used was a structured group psychoeducation program. It comprised eight 90-minute meetings that combined workshops and lectures. Both groups were tested at three points in time (before intervention in the study group, after the intervention, and 6 months later).
Spatial and temporal analysis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 outbreak in the Dombes area, France, in 2006

In February 2006, the highly pathogenic H5N1 strain of the avian influenza virus was confirmed as being the cause of death for three Common Pochard Aythya ferina recovered at the same time from a pond in the Dombes, France. The subsequent epizootic lasted for 65 days in the Dombes region, with the last occurrence of the H5N1 strain of the virus confirmed on 18 April. Data recorded for dead wild birds collected on ponds and confirmed as being positive for the H5N1 strain of avian influenza were used to develop a pond-level analysis of the H5N1 outbreak. The outbreak was found to be limited mainly to Common Pochard and Mute Swan Cygnus olor, which were found dead at 20 of about 1,200 ponds in the Dombes. The outbreak was confined to an area of about 15 km in diameter, with two spatio-temporal clusters of ponds where birds had contracted the disease. The findings are used to assess the potential role played by wild waterfowl in avian influenza epidemiology and to suggest possible scenarios for the introduction and spread of the virus at a local scale based on analysis of its occurrence in the Dombes.
GNSS Observations of Crustal Deforamtion: A Case Study in East Asia

The East Asia is located in a complex convergent region with several plates, e.g., Pacific, North American, Eurasian, and Philippine Sea plates. Subduction of the Philippine Sea and Pacific plates and expulsion of Eurasian plate with Indian plate collision [22, 36, 15, 18, 11] make the East Asia as one of the most active seismic and deforming regions (Fig. 1). Current deformation in East Asia is distributed over a broad area extending from the Tibet in the south to the Baikal Rift zone in the north and the Kuril-Japan trench in the east, with some ambiguous blocks, such as South China (Yangtze), Ordos and North China blocks, and pos‐ sibly the Amurian plate, embedded in the deforming zone. The inter-plate deformation and interaction between the blocks are very complicated an active, such as the 1978 Mw=7.8 Tangshan earthquake located between North China and Amurian blocks. Since the 1960s when the theory and models of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics were established, the large Eurasian plate has been considered as an independent rigid plate, such as RM2, P071 and NNR-NUVEL1A [6], and even the present-day global plate motion models of ITRF se‐ quences based on the space geodetic data [10]. In fact, East Asia is very complicated defor‐ mation zone with several possible rigid blocks [22]. [36] proposed that East Asia consists of several micro-plates. However, because of low seismicity and there being no clear geograph‐ ical boundary except for the Kuril-Japan trench and the Baikal rift zone, it is difficult to accu‐ rately determine the geometry and boundary of sub-plates in these areas. The borderlines of the micro-plates are not visible, especially in the complicated geological tectonic regions in North China far away from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and convergent belts of Eurasia, North America and the Pacific plate. Therefore, it is difficult to confirm the tectonic features and evolution of the deformation belts in East Asia.
Protistan Grazing on Marine Bacterioplankton

Bacterial growth rates are often high, yet bacterial numbers are remarkably constant in pelagic systems, implying that bacterial mortality rates have to be in the same range as bacterial production. Physical transport processes cannot be considered as important removal processes, because suspended bacteria do not sink, and there is no evidence for substantial physiological death of planktonic bacteria. This necessitates biological removal agents. Bacterioplankton constitutes a potentially important food resource that, in terms of total biomass, is in the same range as phytoplankton at least in oligotrophic systems (Simon et al. 1992). However, bacteria cannot be efficiently gathered by marine mesozooplankters (mostly copepods) and microzooplankters (mostly ciliates and dinoflagellates). The missing bacterial grazers were found when the smallest planktonic unpigmented protists, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, were studied not only in terms of taxonomy of isolated forms, as has been done by dedicated protozoologists for a long time, but by microbial ecologists with an ecological perspective. By studying the bioenergetics, growth, and feeding of different flagellate isolates, and in combination with field data, Fenchel (1982a–d) showed