Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Freud on time and timelessness: the ancient Greek influence

This thesis turns on two assumptions: first, that there is a current absence within the psychoanalytic library of a consolidated account of Freud's theories of time and timelessness; second, that there is compelling evidence of an influence by the ancient Greek canon on Freud's metapsychology of time. The thesis is that a detailed examination of this influence will bring additional clarity to our understanding of Freud’s thoughts about time and timelessness and permit the provision of the currently lacking systematic account of this part of his theory. The author brings the three components of the Greek canon most important to Freud - myth, tragedy and philosophy – into dialogue with psychoanalysis to show the importance of their influence on Freud's ideas on temporality. The dialogue permits novel conclusions to be drawn about Freud's theory of temporality generally and Freud's views on how we acquire time in particular.
Phase-1 Clinical Trial Results of High-Specific-Activity Carrier-Free 123I-Iobenguane

A first-in-human phase 1 clinical study was performed on 12 healthy adults with a high-specific-activity carrier-free formulation of 123I-iobenguane. Clinical data are presented on the behavior of this receptor-targeting imaging agent. Methods: Whole-body and thoracic planar and SPECT imaging were performed over 48 h for calculation of tissue radiation dosimetry and for evaluation of clinical safety and efficacy. Results: A reference clinical imaging database acquired over time for healthy men and women injected with high-specific-activity 123I-iobenguane showed organ distribution and whole-body retention similar to those of conventional 123I-iobenguane. The heart-to-mediastinum ratios for the high-specific-activity formulation were statistically higher than for conventional formulations, and the predicted radiation dosimetry estimations for some organs varied significantly from those based on animal distributions. Conclusion: Human normal-organ kinetics, radiation dosimetry, clinical safety, and imaging efficacy provide compelling evidence for the use of high-specific-activity 123I-iobenguane.
Pathologic Complete Response to Preoperative Chemotherapy Predicts Cure in Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Combined Analysis of Two IFCT Randomized Trials

Introduction: Our study aimed to evaluate whether pathologic complete response (pCR) in early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in improved outcome, and to determine predictive factors for pCR. Methods: Eligible patients with stage-IB or -II NSCLC were included in two consecutive Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique phase-III trials evaluating platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with pCR defined by the absence of viable cancer cells in the resected surgical specimen. Results: Among the 492 patients analyzed, 41 (8.3%) achieved pCR. In the pCR group, 5-year overall survival was 80.0% compared with 55.8% in the non-pCR group (p = 0.0007). In multivariate analyses, pCR was a favorable prognostic factor of overall survival (relative risk = 0.34; 95% confidence interval = 0.18–0.64) in addition to squamous-cell carcinoma, weight loss less than or equal to 5%, and stage-IB disease. Five-year disease-free survival was 80.1% in the pCR group compared to 44.8% in the non-pCR group (p < 0.0001). Two patients (4.9%) in the pCR group experienced disease recurrence compared to 193 patients (42.8%) in the non-pCR group. SCC subtype was the only independent predictor of pCR (odds ratio [OR] = 4.30; 95% confidence interval = 1.90–9.72). Conclusion: Our results showed that pCR after preoperative chemotherapy was a favorable prognostic factor in stage-IB–II NSCLC. Our study is the largest published series evaluating pCRs after preoperative chemotherapy. The only factor predictive of pCR was squamous-cell carcinoma. Identifying molecular predictive markers for pCR may help in distinguishing patients likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy and in choosing the most adequate preoperative chemotherapy regimen.
A Thematic Analysis of Quality of Life in Lung Transplant: The Existing Evidence and Implications for Future Directions

Health‐related quality of life (HRQL) has been assessed in various lung transplantation (LT) investigations but never analyzed systematically across multiple studies. We addressed this knowledge gap through a systematic literature review. We searched the PubMed, CINAHL and PsychInfo databases for publications from January 1, 1983 to December 31, 2011. We performed a thematic analysis of published studies of HRQL in LT. Using a comparative, consensus‐based approach, we identified themes that consistently emerged from the data, classifying each study according to primary and secondary thematic categories as well as by study design. Of 749 publications initially identified, 73 remained after exclusions. Seven core themes emerged: (1) Determinants of HRQL; (2) Psychosocial factors in HRQL; (3) Pre‐ and posttransplant HRQL comparisons; (4) Long‐term longitudinal HRQL studies; (5) HRQL effects of therapies and interventions; (6) HRQL instrument validation and methodology; (7) HRQL prediction of clinical outcomes. Overall, LT significantly and substantially improves HRQL, predominantly in domains related to physical health and functioning. The existing literature demonstrates substantial heterogeneity in methodology and approach; relatively few studies assessed HRQL longitudinally within the same persons. Opportunity for future study lies in validating existing and potential novel HRQL instruments and further elucidating the determinants of HRQL through longitudinal multidimensional investigation.
Social Acceptability of Anomalous Persons

The purpose of this study was to compare the acceptability of different anomalous or disabled persons in certain social situations. A group of 94 subjects composed of college undergraduates, graduate students, and psychiatric technicians ranked 10 anomalies with respect to desirability in a friend and as a self affliction. They also filled out a social distance questionnaire. Results suggested that six dimensions probably combine and interact in the formation of stereotypes of anomalous persons-visibility, communication, social stigma, reversability, degree of incapacity, and difficulty in daily living.
Increased Renal 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Level Is Associated with Improved Renal Function in a Mouse Model of Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with a significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of AKI. In this study, we investigated the role of the endocannabinoid (EC) system in renal IRI using a well-established mouse model. Materials and Methods: Renal ischemia was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by clamping both kidney pedicles for 30 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. To increase renal 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels, mice were pretreated with JZL184 (16 mg/kg), 30 min before IRI. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal tubular damage, renal content of ECs and renal expression of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured. Results: Renal IRI was associated with significantly increased serum BUN and creatinine, increased tubular damage score, increased expression of renal markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and elevated renal 2-AG content. Pretreatment with JZL184 was associated with a significant increase in renal 2-AG content and there was also improved serum BUN, creatinine and tubular damage score. However, renal expression of inflammation and oxidative stress markers remained unchanged. Conclusions: This is the first report documenting that renal IRI is associated with an increase in kidney 2-AG content. Further enhancement of 2-AG levels using JZL184 improved indices of renal function and histology, but did not lower renal expression of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms responsible for the effects observed and the potential value of 2-AG as a therapeutic target in renal IRI.
Essential yet limited role for CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes during Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cell priming

Defense against infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is mediated by CD4 T cells. CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes (IMs) have been implicated in Mtb-specific CD4 T cell responses but their in vivo contribution remains unresolved. Herein, we show that transient ablation of IMs during infection prevents Mtb delivery to pulmonary lymph nodes, reducing CD4 T cell responses. Transfer of MHC class II-expressing IMs to MHC class II-deficient, monocyte-depleted recipients, while restoring Mtb transport to mLNs, does not enable Mtb-specific CD4 T cell priming. On the other hand, transfer of MHC class II-deficient IMs corrects CD4 T cell priming in monocyte-depleted, MHC class II-expressing mice. Specific depletion of classical DCs does not reduce Mtb delivery to pulmonary lymph nodes but markedly reduces CD4 T cell priming. Thus, although IMs acquire characteristics of DCs while delivering Mtb to lymph nodes, cDCs but not moDCs induce proliferation of Mtb-specific CD4 T cells. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01086. 001
Cholesterol-mediated Neurite Outgrowth Is Differently Regulated between Cortical and Hippocampal Neurons*

The acquisition of neuronal type-specific morphogenesis is a central feature of neuronal differentiation and has important consequences for region-specific nervous system functions. Here, we report that the cell type-specific cholesterol profile determines the differential modulation of axon and dendrite outgrowths in hippocampal and cerebral cortical neurons in culture. The extent of axon and dendrite outgrowths is greater and the polarity formation occurs earlier in cortical neurons than in hippocampal neurons. The cholesterol concentrations in total homogenate and the lipid rafts from hippocampal neurons are significantly higher than those from cortical neurons. Cholesterol depletion by β-cyclodextrin markedly enhanced the neurite outgrowth and accelerated the establishment of neuronal polarity in hippocampal neurons, which were similarly observed in nontreated cortical neurons, whereas cholesterol loading had no effects. In contrast, both depletion and loading of cholesterol decreased the neurite outgrowths in cortical neurons. The stimulation of neurite outgrowth and polarity formation induced by cholesterol depletion was accompanied by an enhanced localization of Fyn, a Src kinase, in the lipid rafts of hippocampal neurons. A concomitant treatment with β-cyclodextrin and a Src family kinase inhibitor, PP2, specifically blocked axon outgrowth but not dendrite outgrowth (both of which were enhanced by β-cyclodextrin) in hippocampal neurons, suggesting that axon outgrowth modulated by cholesterol is induced in a Fyn-dependent manner. These results suggest that cellular cholesterol modulates axon and dendrite outgrowths and neuronal polarization under culture conditions and also that the difference in cholesterol profile between hippocampal and cortical neurons underlies the difference in neurite outgrowth between these two types of neurons.
Aboriginal health.

OBJECTIVE To inform health care workers about the health status of Canada's native people. DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE search for articles published from Jan. 1, 1989, to Nov. 31, 1995, with the use of subject headings "Eskimos" and "Indians, North American," excluding specific subject headings related to genetics and history. Case reports were excluded. Material was also identified from a review of standard references and bibliographies and from consultation with experts. STUDY SELECTION Review and research articles containing original data concerning epidemiologic aspects of native health. Studies of Canadian populations were preferred, but population-based studies of US native peoples were included if limited Canadian information was available. DATA EXTRACTION Information about target population, methods and conclusions was extracted from each study. RESULTS Mortality and morbidity rates are higher in the native population than in the general Canadian population. The infant mortality rates averaged for the years 1986 to 1990 were 13.8 per 1000 live births among Indian infants, 16.3 per 1000 among Inuit infants, and only 7.3 per 1000 among all Canadian infants. Age-standardized all-cause mortality rates among residents of reserves averaged for the years 1979 to 1983 were 561.0 per 100,000 population among men and 334.6 per 100,000 among women, compared with 340.2 per 100,000 among all Canadian men and 173.4 per 100,000 among all Canadian women. Compared with the general Canadian population, specific native populations have an increased risk of death from alcoholism, homicide, suicide and pneumonia. Of the aboriginal population of Canada 15 years of age and older, 31% have been informed that they have a chronic health problem. Diabetes mellitus affects 6% of aboriginal adults, compared with 2% of all Canadian adults. Social problems identified by aboriginal people as a concern in their community include substance abuse, suicide, unemployment and family violence. Subgroups of aboriginal people are at a greater-than-normal risk of infectious diseases, injuries, respiratory diseases, nutritional problems (including obesity) and substance abuse. Initial data suggest that, compared with the general population, some subgroups of the native population have a lower incidence of heart disease and certain types of cancer. However, knowledge about contributing factors to the health status of aboriginal people is limited, since the literature generally does not assess confounding factors such as poverty. CONCLUSIONS Canadian aboriginal people die earlier than their fellow Canadians, on average, and sustain a disproportionate share of the burden of physical disease and mental illness. However, few studies have assessed poverty as a confounding factor. Future research priorities in native health are best determined by native people themselves.
Requirements for the Nucleolytic Processing of DNA Ends by the Werner Syndrome Protein-Ku70/80 Complex*

Werner syndrome (WS) is an inherited disease characterized by premature onset of aging, increased cancer incidence, and genomic instability. The WS gene encodes a protein with helicase and exonuclease activities. Our previous studies indicated that the Werner syndrome protein (WRN) interacts with Ku, a heterodimeric factor of 70- and 80-kDa subunits implicated in the repair of double strand DNA breaks. Moreover, we demonstrated that Ku70/80 strongly stimulates and alters WRN exonuclease activity. In this report, we investigate further the association between WRN and Ku70/80. First, using various WRN deletion mutants we show that 50 amino acids at the amino terminus are required and sufficient to interact with Ku70/80. In addition, our data indicate that the region of Ku80 between amino acids 215 and 276 is necessary for binding to WRN. Then, we show that the amino-terminal region of WRN from amino acid 1 to 388, which comprise the exonuclease domain, can be efficiently stimulated by Ku to degrade DNA substrates, indicating that the helicase domain and the carboxyl-terminal tail are not required for the stimulatory process. Finally, using gel shift assays, we demonstrate that Ku recruits WRN to DNA. Taken together, these results suggest that Ku-mediated activation of WRN exonuclease activity may play an important role in a cellular pathway that requires processing of DNA ends.
Original papers

Background. epuli are the most frequent gingival tumours. The lesions are often associated with bone osteolysis which necessitates more extensive surgery or removal of tumour-adjacent teeth. recurrence, related to non-radical tumour excision, is also common. no literature data have been found concerning molecular markers responsible for the processes of osteolysis and recurrence. Objectives. The aim of the study is molecular prognosis of bone osteolysis in epuli patients. Material and Methods. Molecular investigations by rT-pCr were carried out on 210 biopsies collected from 70 epulus lesions. Depending on the diagnosis of bone osteolysis/lesion recurrence, expression of genes, i.e., BCl-2, BaX, H3 histone, iFnγ and its iFnγr1, iFnγr2 receptors was investigated. Results. recurrence and osteolysis were observed when iFnγr1/iFnγr2 quotient < 0.5. apoptosis and proliferation genes expression did not show any significant changes. Conclusions. When iFnγr1/iFnγr2 < 0.5, recurrence and bone osteolysis can be predicted in epuli patients (Dent. Med. Probl. 2011, 48, 3, 319–324).
Regulating immunity and inhibiting tumor growth by the recombinant peptide sPD-1-CH50.

BACKGROUND Soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) has been proven to bind PD-1 ligands (PD-Ls), block PD-L/PD-1 interactions, and enhance the cytolysis of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). CH50, a two-domain molecule of fibronectin, has been shown to suppress the development of tumors via enhancing the activity of macrophages. This study evaluated the influence of the recombinant peptide sPD-1-CH50 on antitumor immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A secretory recombinant peptide, sPD-1-CH50, containing three functional domains was constructed, and its antitumor effect and mechanism were studied. RESULTS The data demonstrated that sPD-1-CH50 was able to increase the cytolytic activity of both macrophages and CTLs, especially towards B7-H1-positive tumor cells. The effect correlated with the enhanced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In vivo studies showed that sPD-1-CH50 inhibited the invasiveness and growth of hepatoma. CONCLUSION Regulation of immune cells by sPD-1-CH50 has potential therapeutic value for the inhibition of invasion and growth of hepatoma.
Determinants of geriatric patients’ quality of life after stroke rehabilitation

Objectives: Geriatric patients’ physical disabilities, dependency on care, and possible psychological ill-being may negatively affect both the patient's quality of life and the informal caregiver burden. Focusing on this interrelationship which can be particularly prominent in geriatric patients with stroke, the objective of this study was to identify determinants of patients’ quality of life and informal caregiver burden. Method: This is a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Data were collected in 84 geriatric home-dwelling patients with stroke three months after their rehabilitation period in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). We assessed patients’ quality of life, depressive complaints, neuropsychiatric symptoms, balance, (instrumental) activities of daily living, and informal caregiver burden. Linear regression models were constructed to study the association between the variables. Results: For several domains, high quality of life of these geriatric patients was associated with high functional independence, less neuropsychiatric symptoms, and less depressive complaints. Informal caregiver burden was not associated with patients’ quality of life, but patients’ neuropsychiatric symptoms were a significant determinant of high informal caregiver burden. Conclusion: The presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (more specifically depressive complaints) negatively affects the quality of life of geriatric patients. Their neuropsychiatric symptoms also affect caregiver burden. Health care professionals in SNFs can play an important role in providing the necessary psychosocial support and aftercare.
Genetics, calcium intake and osteoporosis

Genetic factors explain a high proportion of the age-specific differences in bone density, size and turnover. The potential for interaction between hormonal, diet and lifestyle factors is likely to be important. Common allelic variation in the VDR is an example of normal gene variants altering Ca homoeostasis, with effects on body and bone size as well as bone density. The VDR findings suggesting interactions between genetic and nutritional factors are an important target for future research. These studies are complicated by the potential for effects of gene-gene interactions and of undefined environmental factors. These problems notwithstanding, considerations of environmental and nutritional contributions, such as Ca intake and vitamin D status, will be critical in interpreting these genetic pathways and in 'personalizing' nutritional recommendations.
Nutrients and temperature additively increase stream microbial respiration

Rising temperatures and nutrient enrichment are co‐occurring global‐change drivers that stimulate microbial respiration of detrital carbon, but nutrient effects on the temperature dependence of respiration in aquatic ecosystems remain uncertain. We measured respiration rates associated with leaf litter, wood, and fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) across seasonal temperature gradients before (PRE) and after (ENR1, ENR2) experimental nutrient (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) additions to five forest streams. Nitrogen and phosphorus were added at different N:P ratios using increasing concentrations of N (~80–650 μg/L) and corresponding decreasing concentrations of P (~90–11 μg/L). We assessed the temperature dependence, and microbial (i.e., fungal) drivers of detrital mass‐specific respiration rates using the metabolic theory of ecology, before vs. after nutrient enrichment, and across N and P concentrations. Detrital mass‐specific respiration rates increased with temperature, exhibiting comparable activation energies (E, electronvolts [eV]) for all substrates (FBOM E = 0.43 [95% CI = 0.18–0.69] eV, leaf litter E = 0.30 [95% CI = 0.072–0.54] eV, wood E = 0.41 [95% CI = 0.18–0.64] eV) close to predicted MTE values. There was evidence that temperature‐driven increased respiration occurred via increased fungal biomass (wood) or increased fungal biomass‐specific respiration (leaf litter). Respiration rates increased under nutrient‐enriched conditions on leaves (1.32×) and wood (1.38×), but not FBOM. Respiration rates responded weakly to gradients in N or P concentrations, except for positive effects of P on wood respiration. The temperature dependence of respiration was comparable among years and across N or P concentration for all substrates. Responses of leaf litter and wood respiration to temperature and the combined effects of N and P were similar in magnitude. Our data suggest that the temperature dependence of stream microbial respiration is unchanged by nutrient enrichment, and that increased temperature and N + P availability have additive and comparable effects on microbial respiration rates.