Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-examiner reliability when using the Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) mark sheet for physiotherapy practical

The Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) format is used during practical examinations as part of the physiotherapy undergraduate curriculum at the University of the Witwatersrand. Various factors influence inter-examiner reliability and investigating the inter-examiner reliability when using the OSPE can lead to improvement of the examination process. The aim of this study was to establish inter-examiner reliability when using the OSPE mark sheet. Methods: Twelve examiners participated in this study. Thirty-three second year PT students were examined at six stations and by two examiners at each station. The Spearman’s correlation test was used to establish inter-examiner reliability. Results: The general inter-examiner reliability of the OSPE mark sheet was high. There was a high correlation between examiners who had the same level of experience (r=0.79 to r=0.93; p<0.001). The background knowledge section of the OSPE mark sheet showed the greatest inter-examiner reliability (r=0.75 to r=0.91; p<0.001). Discussion: In general, a high inter-examiner reliability was found. Examiners with the same level of experience seemed to generally have better inter-examiner reliability when using the OSPE mark sheet. Furthermore, a well-described, operationalised list of micro-skills also improved inter-examiner reliability. Conclusion: The OSPE mark sheet aids inter-examiner reliability. The use of this method of examination should be encouraged.
Effect of gradual substitution of soyabean meal by meal on growth performance , carcass traits and blood lipid profile of growing Japanese quail

1 Zagazig University, Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt 2 University of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan 3 Northwest A&F University, College of Animal Sciences, Yangling 712100, China 4 University of Sargodha, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan 5 Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Uthal, Balochistan 3800, Pakistan
A SURVEY TO MAP AREAS WITH ELEVATED INDOOR RADON LEVELS IN VENETO

CRR, the Regional Center for Radioactivity, is monitoring Veneto, a region in the north-east of Italy, to trace a map of areas with elevated indoor radon levels. This survey is based on analysis of territorial distribution of radon concentration in dwellings. Maps of potential risk are searched in the upper part of the region based on the indication of a previous survey. Percentage of dwellings exceeding reference levels are estimated on the base of log-normal data distribution. Normalizations to ground floor or average housing type are produced. Preliminary results indicate the existence of three areas with elevated indoor values. Radon levels often seem to be well correlated with geology.
Performance of landrace and improved rice varieties under the system of rice intensification management in Bajhang district of Nepal.

Participatory action research was conducted in Luinyata VDC of Bajhang district during main rice-growing season of 2012 to evaluate the effects of cultivation practices in rice varieties. The experiment was in factorial randomized complete block design, where two methods of cultivations: System of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional transplanting (CT) and 3 different varieties: Khumal-4, Thapachini and Hansaraj Basmati were evaluated. Data were collected on grain yield, number of tillers, panicle length and number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle. Results averaged across the three varieties showed significantly better crop performance with SRI practices: higher number of tillers per hill, panicles per hill, tillers per m 2 , panicles per m 2 , and grain yield. The values of these parameters comparing SRI with conventional practice were, respectively, 24.5 vs. 11.3, 21.5 vs. 9.5, 305 vs. 273, 273.5 vs. 233.8, and 7.6 vs. 4.46 tha -1 . Among the varieties evaluated, the highest yield was achieved with the Thapachini (8.11tha -1 ) using SRI methods. Average yield increase across the three varieties with SRI practice was 70% compared CT. These results indicate the practical relevance of SRI principles for increasing rice production in mountainous regions of Nepal.
The Relations Between Traumatic Exposures, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Anger in Male and Female Veterans

Military personnel who have served in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom have experienced high rates of combat exposure, which is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Less is known about the relations between military sexual trauma (sexual harassment, assault, and rape while serving in the military) and posttraumatic stress disorder. Little is known about anger problems in this Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veteran population, which research from prior conflicts suggests may be a consequence of both traumas and posttraumatic stress disorder. Anger is an emotional state closely related to aggression, hostility, and violence. Veterans who have difficulty controlling anger are at greater risk of interpersonal and employment problems. Uncontrolled anger can lead to aggressive or violent behavior, posing health risks to those around the veteran and increasingly the likelihood that the veteran will come into conflict with the law. This article contributes a review of the literature on what little is known about military sexual trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder as well as reviews literature on anger, which may be associated with high combat exposure or military sexual trauma. Notably, there is almost no research on any of these problems among women veterans. Given that women make up more than 15% of deployed service members in Iraq and Afghanistan, research on these relations in women is imperative.
Lensing of fast radio bursts by binaries to probe compact dark matter

The possibility that a fraction of dark matter is comprised of massive compact halo objects (MACHOs) remains unclear, especially in the 20–100 M⊙ window. MACHOs could make up binaries, whose mergers may be detected by LIGO as gravitational wave events. On the other hand, the cosmological origin of fast radio burst (FRBs) has been confirmed. We investigate the possibility of detecting FRBs gravitational lensed by MACHO binaries to constrain their properties. Since lensing events could generate more than one image, lensing by binaries could cause multiple-peak FRBs. The angular separation between these images is roughly 10−3 mas, which is too small to be resolved. The typical time interval between different images is roughly 1 millisecond (ms). The flux ratio between different images is from approximately 10 to 103. With the expected detection rate of 104 FRBs per year by the upcoming experiments, we could expect five multi-peak FRBs observed per year with a time interval larger than 1 ms and flux ratio less than 103 if the fraction of dark matter in MACHOs is f ~ 0.01. A null search of multiple-peak FRBs for time intervals larger than 1 ms and flux ratio less than 103 with 104 FRBs would constrain the fraction f of dark matter in MACHOs to f < 0.001.
Capital structure determinants: An empirical study in Taiwan

The purpose of this paper is to present empirical evidence on the determinants of capital structure and firm value in a newly industrialized country. The firm characteristics are analyzed as determinants of capital structure according to different explanatory theories. Previous research mainly focused on the determinants of capital structure or the impact of capital structure on company value, while this study will discuss the effect of capital structure determinants on company value, with capital structure as mediating variable. The investigation has been performed using a sample of 647 companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE) from 2005 to 2009. The findings of this study suggest that firm size, profitability and asset structure can be considered explanatory variables of capital structure. The firm size, profitability and capital structure affect book value. The determinants of market value are profitability and firm size. In addition, there are some differences in the capital structure among industry types. When the dependent variable is book value, firm size and growth opportunity have a greater impact on this in the electronic industry. Meanwhile, profitability and firm size have a greater impact on capital structure in non-electronic industries. When the dependent variable is market value, larger companies can borrow more debt and create more market value in the electronic industry. The capital structure negatively affects market value in electronic firms, but does not affect market value in non-electronic ones. Key words: Capital structure, firm value, corporate finance, trade off theory, pecking order theory.
A Model of Price, Volume and Sequential Information

This paper models the relationship between price and volume by tracking their adjustment path and speed in a world with heterogeneous investors. Motivated by widely observed information leakage in the stock market and fast-growing electronic communication networks, the model features sequential information and direct order matching. I show that both the content and the dissemination speed of information are incorporated in price changes and volume accumulations simultaneously. A convergence trading strategy is proposed based on a joint statistic of price and volume, which should help to improve the timing of market entry and exit. The model offers an explanation for the mixed evidence on the relationship between price change and volume and provides several testable hypotheses.
Observations of the impact of cloud processing on aerosol light-scattering efficiency

Airborne data are presented on the impact of cloud processing on the aerosol mass light-scattering efficiency. Themeasurements, on marine stratocumulus, suggest that cloud processing significantly enhanced the mass light-scatteringefficiency in three of the five cases analysed. Enhancements were of the order of 10% for air detraining from the clouddeck relative to non-detraining air. A diagnostic modelling analysis suggested that the observed enhancements wereconsistent with the previously proposed explanation of in-cloud sulfate production in the particle size range for efficientlight scattering.
Real Buddhas Don't Laugh: Attitudes towards Humour and Laughter in Ancient India and China

‘The tour leader is like the guru’, our guide said. ‘He takes the sightseers on the road to the tourist spots. The tourists follow him. In quite a similar manner the guru leads his followers on the spiritual path. He shows them everything. He can explain everything. So ask me anything you like. ’ ‘Is there some humor which you feel is particularly Indian? ’ ‘Humor’, the guru of tourism laughed with his hands upon his paunch, ‘is like God. You cannot explain it. Either you get it or you don’t. ’ Siegel (1987)
Critical Essay: Meta-analysis: A critical realist critique and alternative

Meta-analysis has proved increasingly popular in management and organization studies as a way of combining existing empirical quantitative research to generate a statistical estimate of how strongly variables are associated. Whilst a number of studies identify technical, procedural and practical limitations of meta-analyses, none have yet tackled the meta-theoretical flaws in this approach. We deploy critical realist meta-theory to argue that the individual quantitative studies, upon which meta-analysis relies, lack explanatory power because they are rooted in quasi-empiricist meta-theory. This problem, we argue, is carried over in meta-analyses. We then propose a ‘critical realist synthesis’ as a potential alternative to the use of meta-analysis in organization studies and social science more widely.
Inhibition of grey mould in vitro and in vivo with essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.)

concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 μlL -1 ). The fennel oil had a remarkable effect on spore germination of grey mould. The growth of grey mould was completely inhibited by fennel oil at 600 and 800 μlL -1 . The results in vivo showed that fennel oil increased the shelf life and decreased decay rate of tomato fruits. Also, fennel essential oil positively affected on postharvest quality factors. Treated fruits with fennel oil had significantly higher titrable acidity, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and lycopene and s-carotene content comparison to control. Thus, these results showed that fennel essential oil has impact on postharvest decay and fruit quality of tomato.
ETIOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF ABRASION AND DENTAL LOCALIZATION IN YOUNG PATIENTS

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to identify dental wear risk factors in the population aged 20 to 25, as well as the possibility to correlate this etiology with the localization of wear mainly at the level of specific dental areas. Method: A standardized sample group of subjects is selected, to whom a questionnaire on the main etiological factors of abrasion included in the literature is administered. For each subject, a pair of plaster models is executed; on them, an analysis shall be carried out, according to the Smith-Knight index, relating to the degree of abrasion on the four surfaces; the results shall be summarized in a Microsoft Excel 2007 database. The statistical analysis, carried out in a specialized manner with the PASW 18 software, shall identify the statistically significant associations between etiology and the occurrence of wear on specific dental groups and surfaces. Results: The etiological factors with statistical signification in the presence of wear on specific dental surfaces are represented by gender, fruit juice, carbonated drinks, vitamin C, iron based preparations, unhealthy habits, excessive teeth brushing, bruxism. Conclusions: The most frequently incriminated factor associated with the occurrence of wear lesions in young patients is represented by the consumption of juice fruit followed by bruxism, but in most of the situations, the subjects display at least 2 risk factors. There are dental surfaces whose wear is associated with specific risk factors.
Level of Safety Awareness of the Management and the Workers at the Assembly Area in a Sewing Company

The study aims to show the level of safety awareness of the management and the workers in the assembly area in a certain sewing company which presents the structured and systematic approach that will help the management of the company to monitor and measure the safety performance, productivity and quality of work of the employees. Safety Management is a formal risk management framework to improve safety, thus organizations would have systems for hazard identification and risk management, safety targets and reporting processes, procedures for audit, investigations, remedial actions, and safety education. The researchers utilized the descriptive method with the questionnaire as the major source of data from the 11 regular workers who are at the assembly area which purposively selected. The four-point Likert scale, Weighted mean, Pearson-R correlation coefficient and T-test were utilized to treat data. Irregularities on the safety management of the company have found out. This leads to an insufficient safety management within the company. The level of awareness on safety management should be given an importance by the management because it gives a great impact on the productivity of the personnel, and with that the quality/maintenance of the safety management has a great contribution to the productivity of the personnel.
24 Microwave Heating in Moist Materials

The definition of “microwaves” is somewhat arbitrary; however microwaves are usually considered to be electromagnetic waves in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Before World War II, there is little evidence of work on radio frequency or microwave heating; however Kassner (1937b) mentions industrial applications of microwave energy in two of his patents on spark-gap microwave generators (Kassner, 1937a, 1937b, 1938). Unfortunately early studies in radio frequency heating concluded that microwave heating of food stuffs would be most unlikely because the calculated electric field strength required to heat biological materials would approach the breakdown voltage of air (Shaw & Galvin, 1949). A fortuitous discover by Spencer that microwave energy could heat food (Murray, 1958) lead to a series of patents (Spencer, 1947, 1949, 1952) and the development of microwave cooking equipment. The major advantages of microwave heating are its short start-up, precise control and volumetric heating (Ayappa et al., 1991); however microwave heating suffers from: uneven temperature distributions (Van Remmen et al., 1996; Brodie, 2008); unstable temperatures (Vriezinga, 1996, 1998, 1999; Vriezinga et al., 2002); and rapid moisture movement (Brodie, 2007b). This chapter will explore the theory and practice of microwave heating in moist materials.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation for the Atomization Process of a Nanojet

In this research, the atomization process of a nanojet is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. Liquid argon nanojet made of 44000 LennardJones molecules is examined under various simulation parameters to study their influence on the nanojet atomization process. Snapshots of the molecules, evolution of the density field, and evolution of the intermolecular force are analyzed. The present simulation results can provide insight into the fundamental mechanism of the atomization process and will be helpful for the design of nanojet devices such as nano-printer or nano-sprayer.
Policy Compromises: Corruption and Regulation in a Democracy

This paper evaluates the extent of regulation in a democracy with corruption. Elected politicians can restrict entry of firms in exchange for bribes from entrepreneurs. Full liberalization implies free entry and allocative efficiency. Voters re-elect politicians based on observed performance. We demonstrate that voters agree to tolerate corruption and inefficient regulation; that efficient policies can be promoted by productivity growth; that productivity growth reduces the cost of providing wage incentives; and that corruption is procyclical and economic policy is countercyclical in a corrupt democracy.
Effect of selected fattening performance and carcass value traits on textural properties of beef

Fifty-one crossbreed young bulls, progenies of Charolais (CH), Czech Pied (CP), Simmental (SI) and Blonde d'Aquitaine (BA) beef cattle bred at the paternal position crossed by Czech Pied at the maternal position, were reared in a typical production system and slaughtered at an average age of 578 days and live weight of 656 kg. The animals were evaluated for fattening performance and carcass quality traits (live weight at slaughter, age at slaughter, total weight gain, carcass weight, dressing percentage, net daily gain) and meat quality characteristics (dry matter, proteins, fat, ash, pH 48 , water holding capacity, remission, collagen, area of M. longissimus dorsi and cooking loss). Correlation coefficients were determined in order to discover which of the above-mentioned characteristics influenced textural properties measured by Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear device and compression test (TPA). It can be concluded from the overall assessment of the correlation coefficients that slaughter age (r = 0.68, P < 0.001), net daily gain (r = -0.54, P < 0.001), average lifetime daily gain (r = -0.50, P < 0.001) and pH 48 (r = -0.51, P < 0.001) had the major influence on the textural properties measured by WB shears. Meat texture expressed by TPA was mainly influenced by live weight at slaughter (r = 0.55, P < 0.001), carcass weight (r = 0.50, P < 0.001) and pH 48 (r = -0.54, P < 0.001). Significant differences (P < 0.001) were found out for the age at slaughter (CH × BA) and (CP × BA), slaughter weight (CP × SI) and (CP × BA) and carcass weight (CP × BA). At the same level of significance further differences were found out for pH 48 and water holding capacity (CP × SI), (CP × BA) and cooking loss (CH × CP). Highly significant differences (P < 0.01) in the textural properties (measured by WB shears) were determined between the following breeds: (CH × BA) and (CP × BA). At the level of significance P < 0.05, the highest differences were identified between (CH × SI) and (CP × SI). TPA test showed statistically significant differences between (CH × CP), (CP × SI) breeds at the level P < 0.05.
SUPPLEMENTAL EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF CASSAVA FOLIAGE ON THE UTILIZATION OF GROUNDNUT HAULMS BY SHEEP

The use of cassava foliage in Nigeria as a low cost supplemental nitrogen to crop residues generally characterized by low nutrient levels has assisted microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of ruminant animals. The effects of the supplementation of groundnut haulms (GH) with graded levels of cassava foliage (CFL) at 0, 10, 20 and 30% on the performance of the West African dwarf (WAD) breed of sheep with average body weight of 13.20 ± 0.34kg were evaluated in a complete randomized design in a 90 day experiment. Data were obtained on feed intake, weight gain, digestibility and haematological parameters. Results showed that CFL supplementation of GH had a positive effect (P<0.05) on dry matter (DM) intake and weight gain of sheep. Sheep supplemented with 20% CFL showed better DM intake (455.74g/day), weight gain (45.24g/day) and feed conversion ratio (9.96). Digestibility values for dry matter and crude protein increased (P<0.05) with an increase with the inclusion levels of CFL in the diets but similar values observed in 20 and 30% CFL supplemental diets. Higher (P<0.05) values were observed in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counts of sheep supplemented with graded levels of CFL. It was however concluded that the supplementation of groundnut haulms with cassava foliage offered sheep a better plane of nutrition, thereby supporting higher growth rates with sheep supplemented with 20% CFL inclusion levels having the best feed intake, digestibility and weight gain.