Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
335. Antiretroviral Therapy Anchor-based Trends in Body Mass Index following Treatment Initiation among Military Personnel with HIV

Abstract Background Weight gain and obesity in people living with HIV have been associated with increased risk for non-AIDS-related comorbidities, and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens may lead to comparatively more weight gain than other regimens. We evaluated body mass index (BMI) following antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among participants in the US Military HIV Natural History Study (NHS). Methods Of 961 NHS participants started on initial ART between 2006–2017, 496 men who had available baseline BMI data and were virally suppressed (< 200 c/mL) at 1 and 2 years of follow-up were included (Tables 1 and 2). ART was categorized by anchor class to include INSTIs, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). Linear growth-curve modeling was used to predict BMI changes from ART initiation through 2 years of follow-up in participants stratified by baseline BMI (< 25 vs. ≥25 kg/m2) at ART start and anchor drug class. Demographic and HIV-related characteristics were analyzed as independent variables. Results Overall, the predicted BMI increased over 2 years regardless of baseline BMI (Table 3). There was a trend toward decreased BMI on ART for those with BMI ≥ 25 treated with a non-INSTI regimen (−0.63, P = 0.079). In participants with BMI < 25, all regimens were associated with overall gains in BMI except for those with high viral load (>100,000 c/mL) started on PI regimens (−1.61, P = 0.013). For those with BMI ≥ 25, only INSTI- and PI-based regimens were significantly associated with increased BMI (INSTI 0.54, P = 0.000; NNRTI 0.11, P = 0.174; PI 0.39, P = 0.006). Observed BMI increases for INSTI and PI regimens were also associated with increased time from HIV diagnosis to ART initiation (INSTI 0.35, P = 0.003; PI 0.44, P = 0.037). African Americans with BMI ≥ 25 on INSTIs had the greatest predicted gains in BMI (1.84, P = 0.007). Conclusion In our cohort of young military members with HIV infection, those with baseline BMI < 25 experienced BMI gains across all ART classes. Among those with baseline BMI ≥ 25, African Americans on INSTI regimens had the greatest BMI gains. Further studies are needed to determine whether NNRTI regimens should be considered in certain individuals at risk for INSTI-associated weight gain. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Prevalence of speech disorders among Kermanshah primary schoolchildren

Background: Speech is the most important aspect of development that related to central nervous system maturation in cognitive sensory motor domain. Disorders of speech may disrupt other aspects of development. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of speech disorders among primary schoolchildren in Kermanshah during 2008-9. Methods: Six hundred schoolchildren from three educational regions of the city were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. In an hour assessment session, an expert Speech-Language pathologist evaluated the spontaneous speech of children by phonetic test and specialist judgment. Results: 39.5% of cases were female and 60.5% male. Mean age of students was 9.12±1.52 years. 67 out of 600 studied schoolchildren (11.2 %) were diagnosed as speech disordered. Prevalence of speech disorders among boys and girls was 11 and 11.3 percent respectively. There was no significant difference in speech disorders prevalence according to age and sex. Conclusion: It’s concluded that prevalence of speech disorders among primary schoolchildren in Kermanshah was lower than similar reports in other studies.
1885. T-helper 1 (Th1) Production of Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) Is Directly Inhibited by TGFβ Within Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculous (Mtb) Granulomas

Abstract Background CD4 T-cell production of IFNɣ is essential to prevent dissemination of pulmonary Mtb, though is less effective at controlling infection within the lung. Because T cells are most effective in the context of direct interactions with Mtb-infected cells, we sought to determine the location of CD4 T-cell antigen sensing and IFNɣ production within granulomas. Methods We used a murine ultra-low-dose aerosol infection, developed by our lab, where most mice are infected by a single bacillus, resulting in a solitary granuloma that is more similar to human granulomas. We examined the lungs of wild-type mice 35 days later for patterns of T-cell activation with quantitative confocal imaging. This analysis was next performed following adoptive co-transfer of Th1 polarized Mtb-specific cells and control cells of irrelevant specificity (OVA). To determine the effect of TGFβ on IFNɣ production, we examined mice that lack the TGFβR on T cells (TGFβR.KO). Finally, we examined whether this effect was Th1 cell-intrinsic with an adoptive transfer of Th1-polarized Mtb-specific cells with (Tg.WT) and without (Tg.KO) the TGFβR. Results Despite many CD4 T cells localizing to the granuloma and undergoing T-cell receptor (TCR) activation (pS6), IFNɣ production was not significantly increased in the granuloma compared with a distal lung site (Figure 1). This pattern of localization and activation was found to be similar in the Mtb-specific (but not control) Th1 cells (Figure 2). In contrast, CD4 T cells from TGFβR. KO mice produced more IFNɣ within the granuloma (Figure 3). Lastly, Tg.KO cells transferred into wild-type mice produced increased IFNɣ compared with Tg.WT, mirroring the findings in TGFβR. KO mice (Figure 4). Conclusion CD4 T cell production of IFNɣ is decreased within the granuloma, where it can be most effective, despite evidence of ongoing TCR stimulation in Mtb-specific cells. We have shown that by alleviating the effects of TGFβ signaling, even terminally-differentiated Mtb-specific Th1 cells can produce more IFNɣ within the granuloma. While this modest increase suggests that there are additional mechanisms at play which warrant further exploration, these findings have the potential to guide immunotherapeutic development, especially given that TGFβ inhibitors are already in phase III clinical trials for other purposes. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.
Family Factors of Low-Income African-American Youth Associated with Substance Use

Abstract Objectives: An extensive body of literature has identified several risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use. Several facets of family relationships have been identified in the general adolescent and African-American adolescent substance use literature. There are gaps in the knowledge base for African-American rural youth living in poverty and would benefit from further exploration. It is possible that this unique population may exhibit trends not seen in the general population or urban African-American adolescents. Method: A sample of 826 African-American adolescents, living in rural low-income areas and ranging in age from 14 to 19 years old were given a survey of 294 questions. Topics of the survey ranged from school attendance and attitudinal questions to queries concerning risk behaviors such as gang activity and substance use. Only variables concerning the family of the adolescent were used in this analysis. An exploratory analysis was performed to determine the relationship of family relationship variables to African-American rural adolescent substance use. Results: The results suggest that several factors, namely existence of family rules and parental monitoring, are significant factors in buffering adolescent substance use for alcohol, marijuana and cocaine. These factors proved to be significant across gender. Conclusions: The parent-adolescent relationship is an important factor influencing adolescent substance use. Also, the quality and type of parental/adolescent relationship is important. This relationship should also be targeted when considering any intervention for treating these adolescents. Further research should be conducted in this domain.
Measuring quality and outcomes of research collaborations: An integrative review

Introduction: Although the science of team science is no longer a new field, the measurement of team science and its standardization remain in relatively early stages of development. To describe the current state of team science assessment, we conducted an integrative review of measures of research collaboration quality and outcomes. Methods: Collaboration measures were identified using both a literature review based on specific keywords and an environmental scan. Raters abstracted details about the measures using a standard tool. Measures related to collaborations with clinical care, education, and program delivery were excluded from this review. Results: We identified 44 measures of research collaboration quality, which included 35 measures with reliability and some form of statistical validity reported. Most scales focused on group dynamics. We identified 89 measures of research collaboration outcomes; 16 had reliability and 15 had a validity statistic. Outcome measures often only included simple counts of products; publications rarely defined how counts were delimited, obtained, or assessed for reliability. Most measures were tested in only one venue. Conclusions: Although models of collaboration have been developed, in general, strong, reliable, and valid measurements of such collaborations have not been conducted or accepted into practice. This limitation makes it difficult to compare the characteristics and impacts of research teams across studies or to identify the most important areas for intervention. To advance the science of team science, we provide recommendations regarding the development and psychometric testing of measures of collaboration quality and outcomes that can be replicated and broadly applied across studies.
The Magical "We": Enhancing Collaboration Transparency in Grounded Theory Method in Information Systems Research

Grounded theory method (GTM) has become popular in the information systems (IS) field despite multiple interpretations and disputes about its use and usefulness. This paper analyzes how IS researchers collaborate during the GTM process and how they report on the research process. We analyze a sample of papers from the AIS Senior Scholars’ basket of eight that use GTM as their research method to understand how researchers report collaboration in GTM research. We then draw from the previous literature and our own GTM research experiences to illustrate different alternatives of performing collaboration in GTM tasks and their pros and cons in order to help other GTM researchers. We highlight potential issues that arise from different epistemological and ontological stances and provide guidance and examples of how to avoid these issues and how to document the research process.
CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS E DE SAÚDE GERAL DOS ALUNOS DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE ABERTA À TERCEIRA IDADE DE BAURU/ BRASIL

O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar as caracteristicas sociodemograficas e de saude geral dos alunos que frequentam a Universidade Aberta a Terceira Idade da Universidade Sagrado Coracao (UATI/USC). Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo descritivo e transversal com 175 individuos da Universidade da Terceira Idade da USC, de Bauru. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionario estruturado, composto de dados sociodemograficos e informacoes referentes a condicoes de saude. Foi realizada uma analise descritiva das variaveis. Notou-se que: 1) em relacao as caracteristicas demograficas, 77% sao mulheres e 23% sao homens, sendo que 49% das mulheres e 44% dos homens estao na faixa etaria de 61 a 70 anos; 53% das mulheres e 73% dos homens sao casados; 55% das mulheres e 59% dos homens possuem nivel superior e 6% das mulheres e 5% dos homens possuem o primario; 84% das mulheres e 90% dos homens sao aposentados; 46% das mulheres e 32% dos homens possuem renda entre 2 e 6 salarios minimos; 53% moram com os maridos e 73% com as esposas; 2) referente as caracteristicas de saude geral, observou-se que 37% das mulheres e 34% dos homens sao sedentarios e 34% das mulheres e 39% dos homens apresentam hipertensao; 15% das mulheres apresentam osteoporose e 10% dos homens sao diabeticos. Conclui-se que ha um predominio de mulheres, de individuos na faixa etaria entre 61 e 70 anos, apresentando nivel de escolaridade acima da media nacional, praticantes de atividade fisica e ha um maior numero de hipertensos. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND GENERAL HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS OF AN OPEN UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD AGE IN BAURU / BRAZIL ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic and general health characteristics of students that attend to the University of the Third Age at Universidade Sagrado Coracao (UTA / USC). A descriptive cross-sectional study with 175 individuals from the University of the Third Age of USC, Bauru was carried out. For data collection was used a structured questionnaire that consisted of sociodemographic data and information relating to health conditions. A descriptive analysis of the variables was conducted. Results show that: 1) concerning to demographic characteristics, 77% are women and 23% are men, and 49% of women and 44% of men are aged from 61 to 70 years, 53% of women and 73 % of men are married, 55% of women and 59% of men have concluded the third level education, 6% of women and 5% of men have the primary level education, 84% of women and 90% of men are retired, 46% of women and 32 % of men have income between 2 and 6 minimum wage, 53% live with their husbands and 73% with their wives; 2) the characteristics of general health show that 37% of women and 34% of men are sedentary and 34% of women and 39% of men are hypertensives, 15% of women have osteoporosis and 10% of men are diabetic. Thus, there is a predominance of women, individuals aged from 61 to 70 years, educational attainment is over the national average, physically active and there are a greater number of hypertensives.
Molecular identification of cariogenic micro-organisms and a possible effect of fluoridated milk on their proportions in dental plaque.

The effect of fluoridated milk on plaque bacteria was investigated in fourteen complete denture wearers. These subjects were randomly split into two groups, seven in the treatment only group and seven in the treatment + dentifrice rinse group. There were five treatment regimes, each of six-week duration. The subject either consumed milk once or three times a day; milk with fluoride once or three times a day; or no beverage consumption as a control. The purpose of the additional dentifrice rinse was to mimic the effects of brushing twice daily with a fluoridated toothpaste. Six enamel slabs were embedded at strategic locations on the upper denture to investigate the influence of salivary flow rate on aciduric bacteria within dental plaque. Plaque samples were obtained from each enamel slab at Weeks 1 and 6 of the experimental treatments, and subjected to microbiological analysis. Enumeration of the bacteria was carried out to obtain the total counts of plaque bacteria, the counts of S. mutans on selective MSB agar and counts of Lactobacillus spp. on selective Rogosa agar.l Statistical analysis revealed a main effect of treatment within the treatment only group for the lactobacillus counts. No beverage consumption and milk with fluoride consumed three times a day produced the lowest counts. Proportions of lactobacilli within the overall plaque bacteria were compared at the two buccal sites and one lingual site. The proportions at the buccal sites with a good salivary flow rate were lower than those that were experienced at the lingual site where there is a poor salivary flow. To investigate strain variation among clinical S. mutans isolates identified from unrelated individuals, ribotyping was employed. Analysis revealed that carriage of S. mutans genotypes was stable within an individual but that strain variability was diverse when analysed across all individuals. Longitudinal investigation revealed the possibility that S. mutans genotypes could be lost and then reappear at the same tooth site.
Adverse Effect of Nonylphenol on the Reproductive System in F2 Male Mice : A Qualitative Change?

ABSTRACT Previously, we reported negative effects of low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure on the reproductive organs of F1 male mice. In the present study was further investigated the endocrine disrupting effect of NP exposure to F2 generation male mice. Mice were divided into 2 groups; (1) CON, control animals and (2) NP-50 (50 μg/L), animals were treated with NP via drinking water. NP exposures were continuously conducted from parental pre-mating period until the postnatal day (PND) 55 of F2 offsprings. Mice were sacrificed on PND 55 and the reproductive tissue weights were measured. The initial (at PND 21) and terminal (PND 55) body weights of the NP-50 group animals were not significantly different from those of control group animals. NP exposure fail to induce a significant weight change of the testes, seminal vesicle and prostate except absolute epididymal weight (p<0.05). However, pathohistological studies revealed that NP-treated F2 animals showed evident decrease in seminiferous tubule diameters, reduced luminal area and number of germ cells. Also, sloughing morphologies in the tubules were notable. In the caudal epididymis, fewer mature sperms and swollen epithelial cells were found in the NP-treated group. The present study demonstrated that the subchronic low-dose NP exposure induced pathohistological abnormalities in testis and epididymis of F2 mice, and we assumed that these ‘qualitative’ changes in reproductive tissues could be derived from the epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, altered DNA accessibility and chromatin structure. Further studies are needed to achieve a better understanding on the multi- or trans-generational effects of NP on the reproductive health and a human application.
Effects on developmental outcomes after cesarean birth versus vaginal birth in Chinese children aged 1–59 months: a cross-sectional community-based survey

Objective It is controversial whether the mode of delivery is associated with developmental outcome, and little was known about growth and development of cesarean children in poor rural areas in China. We aim to measure the development of both cesarean and vaginal-delivered children by Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) and explore the association between mode of delivery and developmental outcome in poor rural areas in China. Methods Data were collected from a cross-sectional community-based survey, which recruited 1,755 vaginal delivered and cesarean children ages 1 to 59 months in eight counties of China. Caregivers of those children completed the Chinese version of ASQ-3 (ASQ-C) while physical examination andquestionnaires on socio-demographic and neonatal characteristics were conducted. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to measure the association between developmental delay and mode of delivery as well as each socio-demographic factor, respectively, after adjusting other socio-demographic characteristics. Results The prevalence of suspected overall developmental delay was 23.4% in the cesarean group, compared with 21.3% in the vaginal delivered group, yet without statistical difference (p < 0.05). Developmental delay was also not significantly different between cesarean and vaginal delivered group in five ASQ domains of communication (7.7% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.949), fine motor (7.0% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.538), gross motor (8.5% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.154), problem solving (7.2% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.722) and personal social (8.0% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.960). Conclusions Our findings suggest that cesarean delivery does not increase or decrease the risk of suspected developmental in children delay as compared with vaginal delivery.
"Doppler determinants of Ovarian malignancy : Experience with 60 patients

Present study was based on 'Folkman's theory of neovascularisation' , according to which malignant neoplasms elaborate a factor named Tumor Angiogenesis factor (TAF), which stimulates rapid formation of new capillaries. The study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of Color and Spectral Doppler in diagnosing the ovarian malignancy. In all, 121 patients with adnexal masses were examined over a period of 2 years, out of which 60 patients with neoplastic ovarian tumors were retained as the study subject. Color Doppler showed blood flow in 92.59 percent of malignant tumors in contrast to only 42.24 per cent of benign tumors. Absent blood flow in a solid tumor almost always ruled out the possibility of malignancy. Spectral Doppler helped to assess the nature of the blood vessels picked up on Color Doppler. In the present study. 96.29 per cent of malignant tumors had PI less thsn 0.8 in contrast to only 6.06 per cent of benign tumors. Similarly, 92.59 percent of malignant tumors showed RI less than 0.6 in contrast to only 9.09 per cent of benign tumors. Thus, Color Doppler and Spectral Doppler tremendously increased the reliability in diagnosing a malignant ovarian tumor. Color Doppler served as an important tool to rule out malignancy in solid tumors if they failed to show any intratumoral vascularity. B-Mode USG in combination with Color Doppler and Spectral Doppler is proposed as the first and foremost diagnostic modality in patients with ovarian tumor, so as to establish the definite diagnosis of malignancy early in the course of the disease.
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in the Critically I11

A review of severe upper respiratory tract infections that present in the critically ill (supraglottitis [epi glottitis], deep neck infections, and sinusitis) is pre sented with attention to pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Supra glottitis is increasingly diagnosed in adults and, as with children, early recognition is crucial to limit mortality. To aid in diagnosis and treatment, a management al gorithm is used. Deep cervical infections, usually exten sions of upper airway infections, can spread along fascial planes with fatal results. Knowledge of the interconnec tions between anatomical spaces is a prerequisite to diagnosis and treatment. Sinusitis will present in the critically ill as orbital or intracranial complications or as a nosocomial infection. Discussions of acute and chronic community-acquired sinusitis in general, noso comial sinusitis, and sphenoid sinusitis as a separate en tity highlight differences in clinical presentation and bacteriology that are important to diagnosis and treat ment.
Modelling the progression of treatment scenarios in the HIV/AIDS epidemic

Advances in recent treatments for HIV/AIDS patients have shown dramatic outcomes in extending the incubation period and AIDS survival time, whilst also providing significant improvements in the quality of patients' lives. This thesis establishes a model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic that incorporates the effects of treatments, in particular, the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which became widely available during 1996. The technique of compartmental modelling is employed in an attempt to reproduce observed AIDS incidence/prevalence, HIV incidence/prevalence, and deaths from AIDS data. There are movements between compartments (sub-populations affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic) each with an associated parameter. Each sub-population has a differential-difference equation associated with it. Once these equations have been solved numerically they give a set of steady-state solutions, from which it is possible to estimate HIV/AIDS incidence and prevalence. Some parameter values within the model are obtained from surveys, census results, etc., but others are derived using a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) procedure. The use of realistic values gives impressive results, creating a remarkable fit with routinely collected data relating to levels of HIV/AIDS incidence and prevalence in the UK homosexual population. Finally, the model is used to project levels of incidence and prevalence over the next few years, and to investigate several possible 'what-if' scenarios, with a brief investigation into the consequent cost implications.