Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices with respect to Epilepsyamong Preparatory School Students in Mekelle city, Ethiopia

Background: Epilepsy, one of the most common serious chronic brain disorders, is poorly understood by the public and has been associated with numerous misconceptions and beliefs. This, coupled with its sometimes dramatic clinical manifestations, has often resulted in a strong social stigma. Objective: This study was conducted to find out knowledge, attitudes and practices toward epilepsy among preparatory school students in Mekelle, North Ethiopia. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire used previously by various authors was selfadministered to 391 students studying in four preparatory schools in Mekelle, North Ethiopia. Results: About 85.7% had heard about epilepsy, 19.23% had read on the subject, 67.03% had known someone with epilepsy and 57.14% had witnessed a seizure. Those who would offer equal employment opportunities to people with epilepsy (PWE), refuse to associate with, or refuse to marry PWE represented 64%, 16.8%, and 44.8%, respectively. Negative attitudes seemed to be reinforced by beliefs that epilepsy is evil spirit (33.24%), contagious (28.6%) or a kind of insanity (51.6%). Majority of respondents (70.33%) opted for Holy water, followed by physicians (64.01%), traditional healer (44.78%) and prayers (32.14%). Conclusions: The study revealed practices and knowledge toward epilepsy were limited, especially with respect to epilepsy’s cause, manifestation, and management. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences between respondents attitude with respect to epilepsy based on age, gender, level of education, religion and school category.
Up‐regulation of microRNA‐145 promotes differentiation by repressing OCT4 in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells

MicroRNA‐145 (miR‐145) has been reported to be a tumor‐suppressing agent in several studies. It can repress pluripotency and control human embryonic stem cell differentiation by regulating the core pluripotency factor OCT4. However, it is not known whether miR‐145 can play a role in inducing tumor cell differentiation and repressing growth of tumors.
Relationship between HLA‐DP supertype and survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: evidence for selective loss of immunological control of residual disease?

We recently reported that two of six HLA‐DP supertypes (DP1–4, 6, 8) were associated with susceptibility (DP2) and resistance (DP1) to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). To determine whether DP supertypes are associated with childhood ALL prognosis, we compared treatment outcomes in a cohort (n = 798) of DPB1‐typed ALL cases in the UK Medical Research Council UKALL XI trial. No differences in clinical characteristics and outcome between DPB1‐typed and untyped (n = 1292) cases suggest no selection bias. Event‐free survival (EFS) rates in patients with DP1 and DP3 supertypes were significantly worse than in patients with DP2, DP4, DP6 and DP8 [10‐year EFS: 55%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 49–61%; compared with 64% (61–68%), P = 0·006]. Ten‐year EFS in DP1/DP3 heterozygous patients [30% (2–58%)] was significantly worse than in patients with DP1, DP3 or neither allele [56% (50–62%); P = 0·02]. Lack of evidence that DP1 or DP3 are associated with known prognostic factors leads us to suggest that these two supertypes exert an independent effect on prognosis. This may involve abrogation of DP1/3‐restricted T‐cell control of residual disease due to selective effects of chemotherapy. Further studies of HLA supertypes in relation to outcome in recent childhood ALL trials may resolve this question.
TLR2-Dependent Inflammatory Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis Is MyD88 Independent, whereas MyD88 Is Required To Clear Infection

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobe considered to be a major periodontal pathogen. TLR2 plays a central role in the response to P. gingivalis infection in vivo. In its absence there is a weak inflammatory response; however, bacteria are cleared rapidly compared with wild-type mice. We examined the role of the TLR adaptor proteins MyD88 and TLR/IL-1R–domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β in the inflammatory response to P. gingivalis in vivo and in the ability to clear the bacterial infection. Proinflammatory cytokine production in response to P. gingivalis infection depends on TLR2, but it does not require MyD88 or TLR/IL-1R–domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β. In contrast, the generation of intracellular toxic oxygen species and the ultimate clearance of P. gingivalis infection depend critically on MyD88, independent of TLR2. Thus, robust cytokine production and bacterial clearance are independent events mediated by distinct signaling pathways following infection with P. gingivalis.
Known and Plausible Modulators of Depressed Immune Functions Following Spinal Cord Injuries

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that depression of immune function occurs early after spinal cord injury (SCI) and is maintained thereafter. Deviations from immune function observed in healthy persons with intact neuraxes include natural killer cell number and cytotoxicity, T cell function and activation, macrophage phagocytosis, levels of interleukins (IL)-2 and -6, the soluble IL-2R receptor, and intracellular adhesion molecules. While a single etiology explaining these abnormalities has not been identified, decentralization of the autonomic nervous system is the most likely cause. Otherwise, many persons with SCI, who sustain episodic autonomic overstimulation, are among the most physically deconditioned of all humans, and often select a diet rich in fat and low in protein. All of these are associated with suppressed immune function in persons without SCI. Those with SCI may also be (over)exposed to drugs and medications that suppress immune function, including methylprednisolone administered immediately after traumatic injury. No evidence suggests that the immune profiles of persons with SCI favor disease and illness resistance. As opportunistic infections of the urinary tract, lungs, and skin represent major causes of morbidity for those aging with SCI, attention to, or intervention on, immune suppressive states, traits, behaviors, diets, and medications may represent a means through which host defenses of persons with SCI can be fortified and their illness proclivities reduced.
Lipopolysaccharide toxicity-regulating proteins in bacteremia.

The toxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is modified by several proteins, such as bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and LPS-binding protein (LBP). BPI and LBP plasma levels were measured in patients with gram-negative (n = 36) or gram-positive (n = 28) bacteremia. Levels of BPI and LBP, which are proteins that neutralize and enhance LPS effects, respectively, were increased before bacteremia was first detected. The BPI/neutrophil ratio, reflecting neutrophil activation, was significantly associated with the presence of sepsis syndrome and death in bacteremic patients: 1.06 (0.11-6.49) versus 0.57 (0.06-3.82) in patients with and without sepsis syndrome (P < .01), respectively, and 0.64 (0.06-3.82) versus 1.02 (0.12-6.49) in survivors and nonsurvivors (P < .05), respectively (ratio in nanograms of BPI per 10(6) neutrophils). High LBP peak levels were significantly associated with the presence of sepsis syndrome (P < .01). No differences in BPI and LBP levels were observed in patients with gram-negative versus gram-positive bacteremia. BPI/neutrophil ratio, as a parameter of neutrophil activation, may be useful in monitoring infectious disease.
Fusion-related Release of Glutamate from Astrocytes*

Although cell culture studies have implicated the presence of vesicle proteins in mediating the release of glutamate from astrocytes, definitive proof requires the identification of the glutamate release mechanism and the localization of this mechanism in astrocytes at synaptic locales. In cultured murine astrocytes we show an array of vesicle proteins, including SNARE proteins, and vesicular glutamate transporters that are required to fill vesicles with glutamate. Using immunocytochemistry and single-cell multiplex reverse transcription-PCR we demonstrate the presence of these proteins and their transcripts within astrocytes freshly isolated from the hippocampus. Moreover, immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates the presence of VGLUT1 in processes of astrocytes of the hippocampus. To determine whether calcium-dependent glutamate release is mediated by exocytosis, we expressed the SNARE motif of synaptobrevin II to prevent the formation of SNARE complexes, which reduces glutamate release from astrocytes. To further determine whether vesicular exocytosis mediates calcium-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes, we performed whole cell capacitance measurements from individual astrocytes and demonstrate an increase in whole cell capacitance, coincident with glutamate release. Together, these data allow us to conclude that astrocytes in situ express vesicle proteins necessary for filling vesicles with the chemical transmitter glutamate and that astrocytes release glutamate through a vesicle- or fusion-related mechanism.
METALLICITY EVOLUTION OF DAMPED Lyα SYSTEMS OUT TO z ∼ 5

We present chemical abundance measurements for 47 damped Lyα (DLA) systems, 30 at z > 4, observed with the Echellette Spectrograph and Imager and the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on the Keck telescopes. H i column densities of the DLAs are measured with Voigt profile fits to the Lyα profiles, and we find an increased number of false DLA identifications with Sloan Digital Sky Survey at z > 4 due to the increased density of the Lyα forest. Ionic column densities are determined using the apparent optical depth method, and we combine our new metallicity measurements with 195 from previous surveys to determine the evolution of the cosmic metallicity of neutral gas. We find the metallicity of DLAs decreases with increasing redshift, improving the significance of the trend and extending it to higher redshifts, with a linear fit of −0.22 ± 0.03 dex per unit redshift from z = 0.09–5.06. The metallicity “floor” of ≈1/600 solar continues out to z ∼ 5, despite our sensitivity for finding DLAs with much lower metallicities. However, this floor is not statistically different from a steep tail to the distribution. We also find that the intrinsic scatter of metallicity among DLAs of ∼0.5 dex continues out to z ∼ 5. In addition, the metallicity distribution and the α/Fe ratios of z > 2 DLAs are consistent with being drawn from the same parent population with those of halo stars. It is therefore possible that the halo stars in the Milky Way formed out of gas that commonly exhibits DLA absorption at z > 2.
Buprenorphine Maintenance for Opioid Dependence in Public Sector Healthcare: Benefits and Barriers

Background Since its U.S. FDA approval in 2002, buprenorphine has been available for maintenance treatment of opiate dependence in primary care physicians’ offices. Though buprenorphine was intended to facilitate access to treatment, disparities in utilization have emerged; while buprenorphine treatment is widely used in private care setting, public healthcare integration of buprenorphine lags behind. Results Through a review of the literature, we found that U.S. disparities are partly due to a shortage of certified prescribers, concern of patient diversion, as well as economic and institutional barriers. Disparity of buprenorphine treatment dissemination is concerning since buprenorphine treatment has specific characteristics that are especially suited for low-income patient population in public sector healthcare such as flexible dosing schedules, ease of concurrently treating co-morbidities such as HIV and hepatitis C, positive patient attitudes towards treatment, and the potential of reducing addiction treatment stigma. Conclusion As the gap between buprenorphine treatment in public sector settings and private sector settings persists in the U.S., current research suggests ways to facilitate its dissemination.
Supercoiling and denaturation in Gal repressor/heat unstable nucleoid protein (HU)-mediated DNA looping

The overall topology of DNA profoundly influences the regulation of transcription and is determined by DNA flexibility as well as the binding of proteins that induce DNA torsion, distortion, and/or looping. Gal repressor (GalR) is thought to repress transcription from the two promoters of the gal operon of Escherichia coli by forming a DNA loop of ≈40 nm of DNA that encompasses the promoters. Associated evidence of a topological regulatory mechanism of the transcription repression is the requirement for a supercoiled DNA template and the histone-like heat unstable nucleoid protein (HU). By using single-molecule manipulations to generate and finely tune tension in DNA molecules, we directly detected GalR/HU-mediated DNA looping and characterized its kinetics, thermodynamics, and supercoiling dependence. The factors required for gal DNA looping in single-molecule experiments (HU, GalR and DNA supercoiling) correspond exactly to those necessary for gal repression observed both in vitro and in vivo. Our single-molecule experiments revealed that negatively supercoiled DNA, under slight tension, denatured to facilitate GalR/HU-mediated DNA loop formation. Such topological intermediates may operate similarly in other multiprotein complexes of transcription, replication, and recombination.
Efficient Cryopreservative Conditions for Cultivated Limbal and Conjunctival Epithelial Cells

Purpose: To examine the effects of cryopreservation on the viability of cultivated corneal limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells and to evaluate the optimal conditions for cryopreservation. Methods: The cultivated human limbal epithelial cells (HLECs) were stored in media including 20%, 50%, and 90% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at −196°C for 1 week. The cultivated rabbit conjunctival epithelial cells were stored in 10%, 20%, and 50% FBS with 10% glycerol or DMSO as a cryoprotectant at −196°C for 1 week. After thawing, cell viability was assessed using the trypan blue vital staining and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-dephenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Immunofluorescent staining was performed with cytokeratin 3/12 antibody. Colony-forming efficiency (CFE) was evaluated 2 weeks after culture. Results: HLECs cryopreserved with 50% FBS showed the highest cell viability, whereas those with 20% FBS revealed the lowest survival rate (87.1% ± 0.8% and 79.8% ± 4.01%, respectively; P = 0.030). CFE of HLECs was 2.13 ± 1.35%, 2.31 ± 2.23%, and 1.94 ± 0.72% in cells with 20%, 50%, and 90% FBS, respectively (P > 0.05). For conjunctival epithelial cells, the cell viability was the highest with 50% FBS and 10% glycerol (95.0% ± 4.27%), and the lowest survival rate was observed in the condition of 10% FBS and 10% DMSO (80.0% ± 5.49%). CFE of cryopreserved conjunctival epithelial cells was 14.1% ± 1.9% in cells with 20% FBS and glycerol and 13.5% ± 2.0% in those with 20% FBS and DMSO (P > 0.05). HLECs expressed CK3/12 after cryopreservation in all conditions examined. Conclusions: The best results were yielded by 50% FBS for cell viability in HLECs. Glycerol seems to be superior to DMSO in cell viability of the rabbit conjunctival epithelium after cryopreservation.
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells In Vitro and in a MIAPaca2 Xenograft Animal Model

Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and it has a poor prognosis that points to an increased need to develop effective chemoprevention strategies for this disease. We examined the ability of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, to inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in a MIAPaca2 xenograft animal model. Exposure to PEITC inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of approximately 7 μmol/L. PEITC treatment induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, downregulated the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, upregulated the proapoptotic protein Bak, and suppressed Notch 1 and 2 levels. In addition, treatment with PEITC induced cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase and led to increased cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation and subdiploid (apoptotic) fraction in pancreatic cancer cells. Oral administration of PEITC suppressed the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in a MIAPaca2 xenograft animal model. Our data show that PEITC exerts its inhibitory effect on pancreatic cancer cells through several mechanisms, including G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, and supports further investigation of PEITC as a chemopreventive agent for pancreatic cancer.
Chronic alcoholism increases the induction dose of propofol

The present study was designed to investigate the possible effect of chronic alcohol intake on propofol and remifentanil requirements, which was determined by quantifying the 50% (EC50) and 95% (EC95) effective effect‐site concentrations for propofol and remifentanil at loss of consciousness (LOC) and after a painful stimulus.
Estimation of sleepiness using pupillary response and its frequency components

Pupillary response has been used as an index of sleepiness, but the validity of the index is not clear. In this paper, the influence of blinks on the Pupillary Unrest Index (PUI) and the Power Spectrum Density (PSD) as indices of pupil instability during a sleepiness test was examined. To create pupillary indices for sleepiness, four frequency components of the compensated pupillary change were extracted from PSD. These factor components were applied to two-class classifications of subjective sleepiness using discriminant analysis, and their performance was assessed. Differences in contribution ratios for the four factor components were observed between the two kinds of subjective sleepiness. Finally, a causal path diagram was created to show the relationship between blink, pupillary indices and subjective sleepiness.
Evidence That Sprouty 2 Is Necessary for Sarcoma Formation by H-Ras Oncogene-transformed Human Fibroblasts*

Sprouty 2 (Spry2) acts as an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in various cellular contexts. Interestingly, Spry2 also prevents the c-Cbl-induced degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We compared human fibroblasts malignantly transformed by overexpression of H-RasV12 oncogene to their nontransformed parental cells and found that the malignant cells express a high level of Spry2. These cells also exhibited an increase in the level of EGFR compared with their precursor cells. We found that intact EGFR was required if H-Ras-transformed cells were to grow in the absence of exogenous growth factors or form large colonies in agarose. When we decreased expression of Spry2, using a Spry2-specific shRNA, the H-RasV12-transformed fibroblasts could no longer form large colonies in agarose, grow in reduced levels of serum, or form tumors in athymic mice. The level of active H-Ras in these cells remained unaltered. A similar, but less pronounced, effect in tumor formation was observed when Spry2 was down-regulated in human patient-derived fibrosarcoma cell lines. In H-Ras-transformed cells Spry2 sustained the level and the downstream signaling activity of EGFR. In the parental, non-H-Ras-transformed fibroblasts, expression of Spry2 resulted in the inhibition of H-Ras and ERK activation, suggesting that the positive effect of Spry2 in tumor formation is specific to H-Ras transformation. Co-immunoprecipitation studies with H-Ras-transformed cells revealed that Spry2 and H-Ras interact and that H-Ras interacts with Spry2-binding partners, c-Cbl and CIN85, in a Spry2-dependent manner. These data show that Spry2 plays a critical role in the ability of H-Ras-transformed cells to form tumors in athymic mice.
A Research for Identifying Study Anxiety Sources among University Students

University students suffer to some levels of study anxiety, such as; have new experiences, environment and situation. Study anxiety is a real phenomenon. Campus environment has universal access to increase study anxiety among students. The prevalence of study anxiety has been acknowledged by students and educators. However, no current research exists to identify the study anxiety sources among university students. In this research, we present a survey aimed to identify of study anxiety sources among university students. The survey involves 770 students of Universiti Malaysia Pahang. The survey asks students about experiences, feelings and thoughts related with anxieties during study process. The results identify seven sources. But, there are five potential sources of study anxiety; exam anxiety, class presentation anxiety, mathematic anxiety, language anxiety and social anxiety. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data which was run in SPSS 16.0. The results will be used to address study anxiety sources among university students.
Modeling and stability of large-scale PV plants due to grid impedance

Grid-connected photovoltaic(PV) system will become unstable when the grid impedance(Lg) is large, especially large-scale PV plant connected to weak grid (Lg is large). In this paper, a three-phase paralleled inverter equivalent Norton model is established to study the stability of large-scale PV plants including the grid impedance; the expression of the output current and point of common coupling (PCC) voltage are derived; and then the current loop stability of three-phase paralleled grid-connected inverters is analyzed by root locus method; the study is validated through simulation. Studies have shown that: there is no inter-phase coupling effects in the equivalent Norton model of the three-phase inverters, the inner current loop of the paralleled inverters will unstable in range of some parameters depending on the grid impedance.
Seismic activity

4. Be comfortable saying " I don't know " during an interview. The worst thing you can do is sell yourself short by pretending to know something you don't during the interview. It's not only okay to say " I don't know, " it is actually helpful. Everyone has limits and the interviewer's job is to find yours so they can get a balanced picture of what you bring to the table. Pretending to know something you don't gives a bad impression, wastes time, and prevents the interviewer from moving on to the things you do know. Be honest; as one of our values states: " Make Mom Proud. " This lesson applies to resumes too. If all you know about CSS is that it's an acronym for cascading style sheets, take it off your resume. Technology moves really quickly. So unless you're actively working with a language or skill in recent projects, you're probably out of date. Furthermore, at Box, we're not looking for someone who knows everything. We care a lot more about your ability to learn. Demonstrating an ability to pick things up quickly is much more valuable in the long term than knowing everything on day one. As things change quickly (as they do with technology), we're deliberately building a team that can quickly adapt to change. 5. Build momentum. There will be times during an interview when you are challenged or stuck. If you notice yourself starting to panic, try to get started on the problem. Draw a picture, ask questions, recall similar problems you've seen in the past, try the brute force solution, or simplify the problem. Find the techniques that work best for you. Newton's first law of motion applies here. You'll begin to notice that once you get started it's much easier to keep moving through the problem, and you'll often make it much further than you expected. This has the added benefit of giving the interviewer insight into how you think. It's really hard to evaluate or predict job performance in just a few hours. Because of this, one of the most important things to do is to make sure you represent yourself well and allow your interviewer to see who you are and what you're truly capable of. Good luck and don't forget to have fun! And if you're still feeling nervous, try power poses (see Amy Cuddy's TED talk …