Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Glide Avalanches Using Time-Lapse Photography

Glide avalanches can present a significant hazard to people and property in snowy climates. These often destructive avalanches are difficult to forecast and hard to control. Glide avalanches occur when the entire snowpack glides over the ground until an avalanche releases. The slow gliding process can take place over a few hours and up to several months. Since the gliding interface is at the base of the snow cover, direct correlations with meteorological conditions have thus far not been identified. Hence, traditional forecasting methods relying on snowpack and weather observations are relatively inaccurate. Past research has shown that glide rates generally increase before a glide avalanche releases. Thus, monitoring changes in glide rates is essential for glide avalanche forecasting. Currently, available glide monitoring techniques are costly, somewhat unreliable and difficult to deploy over large areas. In this paper, we report on a cheap and simple glide monitoring method using time-lapse photography. This method was first tested between 2008 and 2010 in the Eastern Swiss Alps around Davos, Switzerland. Two time-lapse cameras monitored areas with known glide avalanche activity. To track changes in glide rates, the number of dark pixels in an area around a glide crack is counted in each image. An increase in glide rates was observed several hours prior to avalanche release. These encouraging results led to the development of a prototype real-time monitoring system in Southeastern Alaska, USA, which has been in use since 2010. Our results show that time-lapse photography can be used to monitor snow glide rates simultaneously in several start zones and potentially provide insight into when, or if, a glide avalanche will release.
The pelagic foodweb in the upwelling ecosystem of Galicia (NW Spain) during spring: natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes

The structure of the pelagic foodweb in the upwelling ecosystem of Galicia (NW Spain) was studied by means of the enrichment in 13 Ca nd 15 N isotopes in plankton (four size classes from 20 to >1000 m), sardine (primary consumer) and dolphin (top consumer). Samples were collected in March 1998, during the spawning period of sardines at the beginning of the upwelling season. Isotopic enrichment across plankton size classes was lower than either enrichment between plankton and sardine or enrichment between sardine and dolphin. This difference may be attributed to the presence of chain-forming phytoplankton in some plankton size classes but also to a large degree of omnivory among zooplankton. Also, there was a size-dependent effect on 15 N enrichment of sardine. Sardines <18 cm had a variable isotopic enrichment but generally higher than those of larger sardines, revealing omnivorous but mostly zoophagous diets. In contrast, sardines 18 cm showed a linear decrease of 15 N enrichment with length, as a consequence of the increase in the efficiency of filter-feeding and in the amount of phytoplankton ingested. According to 15 N enrichment, we concluded that probably there are no more than four trophic levels in the studied ecosystem. Nevertheless, our results revealed that the pelagic food web in this upwelling area is more complex than expected due to the generalized omnivory in all organisms. Furthermore, the obtained relationships between 15 N and the size of organisms provide the basis for a quantitative analysis of changes in the trophic structure of this ecosystem.
Women entrepreneurial innovative behaviour: The role of psychological capital

This study investigated the influence of psychological capital on women entrepreneurs’ innovative behaviour with 405 female entrepreneurs from Ibadan, Nigeria. The result indicates that women with high self-efficacy and internal locus of control scored higher on entrepreneurial innovative behaviour than women with low self-efficacy and external locus of control. There was also a significant relationship between highly educated women and lowly educated women. Women are encouraged to belief in themselves while acquiring high level of education will provide impetus for growth and achievement in their entrepreneurial innovative activities. Further studies in relation to task specifics are recommended.
Wine in ancient Egypt : a cultural and analytical study

Although Egyptian amphorae containing wine were labelled, these labels never state whether the wine inside was red or white. Using analysis of residue samples from amphorae this study determines what kind's of wine could be covered by this generic labelling, and also investigates a further product called shedeh, which transpired to be a more complex wine. The study also contains a well-illustrated cultural overview of wine in Ancient Egypt, and a comprehensive bibliography.
A Comparison of Lecture-Based and Challenge-Based Learning in a Workplace Setting: Course Designs, Patterns of Interactivity, and Learning Outcomes

We describe findings from a research partnership involving a global airline manufacturing company (The Boeing Company), and learning scientists and aeronautical engineers from the University of Washington. Our starting point for the partnership focused on an 8-hour introductory composites course that was designed for company employees. In phase one, learning scientists observed the company's course development activities and the course as taught by company experts. In phase two, we collaboratively designed and implemented a quasi-experimental study comparing two approaches to teaching. One involved lectures with PowerPoint slides. The second, a “challenge-based” learning approach, combined a set of composites-relevant challenges with individual, small-group, and large-group collaborative inquiry. Comparisons between these methods showed greater interaction among participants in the challenge-based group. In addition, the challenge-based group performed significantly better on posttest items requiring integration and synthesis of concepts. Increased interactivity in the challenge course provided opportunities for participants to articulate connections among concepts and may have contributed to the challenge participants' better synthesis of learned concepts. This work highlighted the benefits for learning scientists of collaborating with industry partners to explore learning in workplace settings, as these settings provide illuminating contrasts to the structures of teaching, learning, and assessment found in schools.
Leaky-Wave Regimes on MEMS-Loaded Transmission Lines for MM-Wave Applications

This paper presents study of controllable leaky wave modes in various planar transmission lines operating at millimetre wavelengths. Leaky wave regime is achieved by exploitation of periodic inclusions. The main goal is to obtain the scanning of the radiation angle from forward to backward direction and rather broad range of scanning angles at a given operation frequency corresponding to the mm-wave range. For this purpose, we suggest to use MEMS capacitors combined with shunt strap inductors. This design solution allows one to signiflcantly reduce the losses in the loaded line compared to known scanning leaky-wave antennas based on varactors, or on magnetized ferrites. The design of the unit cell is done using global optimization method, and the dispersion is investigated analytically. After that, full wave analysis is done using Ansoft HFSS v.11 environment. After the leaky wave regimes are verifled, an example of a leaky-wave antenna is introduced in order to conflrm possibility of beam scanning.
A Locally Most Mean Powerful Based Score Test for ARCH and GARCH Regression Disturbances

This article considers the twin problems of testing for autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) and generalized ARCH disturbances in the linear regression model. A feature of these testing problems, ignored by the standard Lagrange multiplier test, is that they are onesided in nature. A test that exploits this one-sided aspect is constructed based on the sum of the scores. The small-sample-size and power properties of two versions of this test under both normal and leptokurtic disturbances are investigated via a Monte Carlo experiment. The results indicate that both versions of the new test typically have superior power to two versions of the Lagrange multiplier test and possibly also more accurate asymptotic critical values.
Nosema raphidiae sp.n. (Microsporida, Nosematidae): A Microsporidian Pathogen of the Predatory Snake-fly Raphidia ophiopsis (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae)

The microsporidium Nosema raphidiae sp.n. , a new pathogen of the predatory snake-fly Raphidia ophiopsis is described based on light microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics. It infects the gut of R. ophiopsis. All development stages are in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm. Meronts with one diplokaryon are spherical or ovoid and are 3.8 to 6.2 μm. Sporonts are spherical to elongate and measure 4.2 to 6.2 μm. Diplokaryotic sporonts divide once to produce two sporoblasts which mature into spores. Sporoblasts are elongated and measure 3.2 to 5.2 μm in length. Fresh spores with nuclei arranged in a diplokaryon are oval and measure 4.13 ± 0.25 μm in length and 2.26 ± 0.19 μm in width. Spores stained with Giemsa's stain measure 3.80 ± 0.25 μm in length and 2.18 ± 0.17 μm in width. Spores have an isofilar polar filament with six or seven coils. All morphological and ultrastructural features indicate that the described microsporidium belongs to the genus Nosema. This species has been named Nosema raphidiae sp. n. after its host's genus.
Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics May 5-7 2011 Sarajevo 1029 Individual Orientations Towards Intercultural Differences on The Basis of a Study Conducted Among The Polish Students of English Philology

The aim of the present paper is to show how the Polish students of English Philology changed their orientations towards intercultural differences as a result of intercultural encounters they experienced and instruction in intercultural development offered to them. With increased levels of intercultural communication, their competence in intercultural relations magnified. As assumed, the students‘ initial emotional desire to acknowledge, appreciate, and accept cultural differences occurred to be weak. However, with the intercultural development, the levels of intercultural sensitivity being a component of intercultural competence, rose significantly. In effect the students were able to recognize certain values and pick up on verbal and non-verbal signals typical of other cultures allowing for further empathy being developed and adjusting to different scripts of communication. For the purpose of observing the varying levels of intercultural sensitivity and subsequently intercultural competence, the author decided to design a ranking questionnaire as a research instrument. It consisted of a series of statements marked by the respondents with numbers 1-5 to indicate the degree to which they agree or disagree with them. It was designed for comparative analysis of their responses. The interpretation of the collected data involved searching for relations between the investigated variables. Through careful examination of the questionnaire and its collected data, the author managed to notice a meaningful change in the attitudes, values and skills exhibited by his students in terms of their intercultural identities.
Partial nutritional evaluation of some browser plant species utilized by communal livestock in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

The aim of the study was to establish the nutritional value of different browse species utilized by communal livestock farmers, in various local municipalities of Amathole and O.R. Tambo districts of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Leaves from twelve different browse species i.e. Vachellia karroo, Prunus persica, Ziziphus mucronata, Diospyros dichrophylla, Vepris lanceolata, Haemanthus coccineus, Grewia occidentalis, Schotia latifolia, Calpurnia aurea, Olea europaea subsp. africana, Cordia rudis and Mimusops obovata, were identified and collected during the dry season (June). The chemical composition of these samples was determined using standard laboratory analytical techniques. Nutritional elements of importance analyzed included: Ash, Ca (Calcium), Mg (Magnesium), K (Potassium), Na (Sodium), P (Phosphorous), Zn (Zinc), Cu (Copper), CP (Crude Protein), CF (Crude Fiber), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF). It was found that, CP, CF and Ash content of the leaves ranged from 1.9-18.5%, 1.7-47.6% and 6.0-20.5% respectively. The NDF and ADF ranged from 17.6-37.26% and 17.6-69.54% respectively. Minerals such as Ca, Mg, K, Na and P ranged from 1.2-9.71%; 0.0-1.436%; 0.0-2.08%; 0.00.072% respectively, whilst Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn values were 0.7-23.6 ppm, 6-1 ppm, 3.0-566.9 ppm and 4662 ppm respectively. In the light of the present data, it can be concluded that certain browse species are within normal range in nutritionally important elements. However, in some plants, imbalances do occur and additional supplementary feeding should be considered.
Modeling glacier‐surface albedo across Svalbard for the 1979–2015 period: The HiRSvaC500‐α data set

Albedo is an important quantity for determining the energy balance of snow and ice surfaces and thus also for the mass balance of glaciers. It is especially important in polar regions where shortwave radiation fluxes typically provide most of the energy input to a glacier. In order to use albedo data in any spatially distributed glaciological modeling, it is vital that the albedo fields are not only of high accuracy but also available on sufficiently high spatial resolution and in a manner that is consistent over time. This article presents the newly developed data set HiRSvaC500‐α, which provides daily updated, gapless albedo fields for all glacierized areas of the Arctic archipelago Svalbard on a 500 m resolution over the period 1979–2015. Albedo modeling for creation of the data set is done using a multistep geostatistical approach on the basis of remotely sensed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) albedo data and gridded ERA‐Interim climate data. Validation of the modeled HiRSvaC500‐α albedo fields against in situ albedo measurements at automatic weather stations operated on two different glaciers suggests that the accuracy of the newly developed data set lies close to that of remotely sensed MODIS albedo data. An analysis of the HiRSvaC500‐α albedo data set yields a mean annual‐average albedo of 0.754 across all glaciers of Svalbard over 1979–2015. A decrease of albedo with time is found, following a highly significant (95% level) trend of −0.010 per decade. For certain subregions, this trend even reaches up to −0.014 per decade.
Type D personality in cardiovascular patients and general population: prevalence and retrospective perception of stability

Background and purpose. Type D personality is characterized by negative affectivity and social inhibition. This personality construct is linked to cardiovascular diseases and is considered as stable. However, there has been little research on prevalence in non-clinical samples and on stability of this construct. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and retrospective perception of stability of Type D personality in patients and general population. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample from general population (n=304) and cardiovascular patients (n=154). Type D was evaluated using DS14 questionnaire. Respondents were asked to assess their personal characteristics at the moment and how they felt 5 years ago. Items about health condition, lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics were also included into questionnaire. Results. Type D personality was similarly prevalent in both study groups ““ 33.1% in cardiovascular patients and 35.9% in general population (p =.561). The prevalence of Type D based on retrospective assessment: during the last 5 years increased by 8.4% points in patients (p =.015) and by 0.4% points in comparison group (p =.472). In addition, Type D personality was associated with less healthy lifestyle in both study groups (p<.05) and also with a worse perceived health in comparison group (p<.001). Conclusions. Type D personality is similarly prevalent in general population and cardiovascular patients. However, this construct is considered as less stable among the patients. Type D personality was associated with less healthy lifestyle and in part with worse perceived health. Â
GLOBAL STABILITY AND REPULSION IN AUTONOMOUS KOLMOGOROV SYSTEMS

Criteria are established for the global attraction, or global repulsion on a compact invariant set, of interior and boundary fixed points of Kolmogorov systems. In particular, the notions of diagonal stability and Split Lyapunov stability that have found wide success for Lotka-Volterra systems are extended for Kolmogorov systems. Several examples from theoretical ecology and evolutionary game theory are discussed to illustrate the results.
FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS AND SHARP WEAK-TYPE INEQUALITIES FOR THE MARTINGALE SQUARE FUNCTION

The paper aims at the identification of the best constants in the weak-type (p; p) in- equalities for the martingale square function, 1 p < ¥ . To accomplish this, a related optimal stopping problem for the space-time Brownian motion is investigated. Interestingly, the analysis of the cases 1 p 2 and 2 < p < ¥ requires completely different methods. Namely, in the first case the corresponding value function can be written down explicitly; in the second case the approach rests on the careful analysis of an interesting, integral functional equation.
Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography # 13 . 12 Related Variety and Regional Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of European Urban Regions

This paper introduces indicators of regional related variety and unrelated variety to conceptually overcome the current impasse in the specialisation-diversity debate in agglomeration economics. Although various country-level studies have been published on this conceptualisation in recent years, a pan-European test has until now been missing from the literature. A pan-European test is more interesting than country-level tests, as newly defined cohesion policies, smart-specialisation policies, place-based development strategies and competitiveness policies may be especially served by related and unrelated variety conceptualisations. We test empirically for the significance of variables based on these concepts, using a cross-sectional dataset for 205 European regions during the period 20002010. The results confirming our hypotheses are that related variety is significantly related to employment growth and that specialisation is significantly related to productivity growth. We do not find robust relationships that are hypothesised between unrelated variety and unemployment growth. Our analyses show that evolutionary economic geography and institutional and policy-based regional development may be integrated fruitfully at the
Neighbourhood characteristics and under-five mortality in Nigeria

Despite global decline in childhood mortality, under-5 mortality remains high in Nigeria. While many studies have reported individual level factors as important determinants of under-five mortality in Nigeria, similar studies on the effects of neighbourhood contexts have been minimal. Hence, this study examines the effects of neighbourhood contexts on under-5 mortality in Nigeria. Using 2003 and 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data, multilevel Cox regression analysis was performed on a nationally representative sample of 6,028 children (2003 NDHS) and 28,647 children (2008 NDHS). Results indicated neighbourhood context as important factor for child survival.For instance, findings showed that being born or raised in poor neighbourhoods (HR:1.54,p<0.05), rural communities (HR:1.25,p<0.05), and North-eastern region of Nigeria (HR:1.56,p<0.05) was associated with elevated hazards of death before age 5. Findings of this study suggest that achieving improved neighbourhood contexts holds great potentials for acceleration of under-five mortality reduction in Nigeria.
Three Lectures of Flavor and CP violation within and Beyond the Standard Model

These notes are based on the lectures I gave at the 2015 European School of High-Energy Physics (ESHEP2015). I discuss 1) flavor physics within the Standard Model, 2) effective field theories and Minimal Flavor Violation, 3) flavor physics in theories beyond the Standard Model and "high energy" flavor transitions of the top quark and of the Higgs boson. As a bi-product, I present the most updated constraints from the measurements of B_s -> mu^+mu^-, as well as I discuss the most recent development in the LHC searches for top flavor changing couplings.
SYSTEMS OF POINTS WITH COULOMB INTERACTIONS

Large ensembles of points with Coulomb interactions arise in various settings of condensed matter physics, classical and quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, random matrices and even approximation theory, and give rise to a variety of questions pertaining to calculus of variations, Partial Differential Equations and probability. We will review these as well as "the mean-field limit" results that allow to derive effective models and equations describing the system at the macroscopic scale. We then explain how to analyze the next order beyond the mean-field limit, giving information on the system at the microscopic level. In the setting of statistical mechanics, this allows for instance to observe the effect of the temperature and to connect with crystallization questions.
A Model of Portfolio Optimization using Multivariate GARCH Models؛ Evidence of Tehran stock Exchange

Background: In this paper, appropriate allocation of a portfolio consisted of stocks of selected industries „automobile and part manufacturing‟, „pharmaceutical materials and products‟, „chemical products‟, „tile and ceramics‟ and „sugar‟ as members of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) are analyzed using MGARCH models. These kinds of models are well-suited tools for analyzing and forecasting time series volatility, which are fluctuating over time. They are also used in econometric literature in order to estimate conditional covariance, by which and by using expected return of existing portfolio investments, optimal weight of portfolio investments are determined . Objective: In this paper, conditional time- varying matrix covariance was separately estimated using four multivariate GARCH models- Diagonal-BEKK, Diagonal-VECH, CCC and DCC. Then the portfolio optimization with an approach to risk minimization and the optimal time-varying weights for aforementioned industries were found for each model. Results: The results also show that during periods of high volatility, optimum share of the industry from portfolio decreases and inversely an increase in optimum share from portfolio relates to periods of low volatility. The results recommend investing in industries, where there is higher stability in stock prices and low volatility in returns, and give them a higher priority. Conclusion: The results of this research indicate compatibility to portfolio risk minimization and thereby high accuracy of multivariate GARCH models in estimating dynamic covariance matrices. Since these models have been fitted to estimate conditional covariance matrix, we can hopefully rely on results of conditional covariance matrix predicted by these models to form an optimum portfolio investment.