Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REPTILE MYCOTIC INFECTIONS FROM THE LITERATURE AND 55 CASES

As with other animals, mycotic disease is usually secondary to other infections (bacteria, parasitic, viral), or to predisposing factors such as poor husbandry, suboptimal temperatures, prolonged antibiotic use, and poor nutrition. In reptiles, fungal infections of the skin, shell, and subcutis are more common than those of other organ systems. Many fungal infections are caused by saprophytes that have invaded the tissue. In this review, we briefly cover the literature reports on fungal disease in the three reptile groups; chelonians, lizards, and snakes. Tables 1, 2, and 3 are summaries of the cases from our service. Our cases are presented after the literature review. The majority of our cases have no information pertaining to treatment or of culture reports that identify the fungal organisms. Histologically, the microbes are divided into yeast forms (generally with pseudohyphae formation indicating tissue invasion) and fungal hyphae. It is difficult to make an accurate identification of fungal organisms based on fungal hyphae in hematoxylin and eosin sections. It is assumed that most of these microbes are environmental contaminants, such as Fusarium, Absidia, Mucor, Aspergillus, and Rhizopus.
Effect of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on left atrial appendage function and thrombotic potential in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate effects of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on left atrial appendage functions, spontaneous echo contrast and thrombus formation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. METHODS In 58 patients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrilation and preserved left ventricular systolic function, left atrial appendage functions, left atrial spontaneous echo contrast grading and left ventricular diastolic functions were evaluated using transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiogram. Patients divided in two groups: Group D (n=30): Patients with diastolic dysfunction, Group N (n=28): Patients without diastolic dysfunction. Categorical variables in two groups were evaluated with Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The significance of the lineer correlation between the degree of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and clinical measurements was evaluated with Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS Peak pulmonary vein D velocity of the Group D was significantly higher than the Group N (p=0.006). However, left atrial appendage emptying velocity, left atrial appendage lateral wall velocity, peak pulmonary vein S, pulmonary vein S/D ratio were found to be significantly lower in Group D (p=0.028, p<0.001, p<0.001; p<0.001). Statistically significant negative correlation was found between SEC in left atrium and left atrial appendage emptying, filling, pulmonary vein S/D levels and lateral wall velocities respectively (r=-0.438, r=-0.328, r=-0.233, r=-0.447). Left atrial appendage emptying, filling, pulmonary vein S/D levels and lateral wall velocities were significantly lower in SEC 2-3-4 than SEC 1 (p=0.003, p=0.029, p<0.001, p=0.002). CONCLUSION In patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial appendage functions are decreased in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction may constitute a potential risk for formation of thrombus and stroke.
Microbiological Examination of Sachet Water Due to a Cholera Outbreak in Ibadan, Nigeria

A severe outbreak of cholera in Ibadan (Oyo state, Nigeria) occurred after a devastating flood in August, 2011, causing the death of over 18 persons and several cases of hospitalization. The project aimed at screening sachet water for mi-croorganisms related to water-borne diseases. One hundred sachet water samples were randomly collected. The pH was determined using a digital pH meter. Values ranged between 6.3 - 8.7, with 28% of the samples being above the WHO approved range of 6.4 - 7.6. No residual chlorine was detected. Gram negative isolates were 80%, while 20% were Gram positive. Faecal coliforms above the recommended WHO zero coliforms per 100 mL were 30%. Escherichia coli had the highest incidence (17%), followed by Acinetobacter sp. (12%), Enterobacter aerogenes (11%), Flavobacterium sp. (11%), Proteus mirabilis (11%), Staphyloccocus aureus (10%), Bacillus subtilis (8%), Micrococcus sp. (5%), Streptococcus faecalis (2%), Klebsiella sp. (2%) and Vibrio cholerae (1%). There is urgent need for public awareness campaigns against water-borne diseases.
Automated Anatomical Labeling of Activations in SPM Using a Macroscopic Anatomical Parcellation of the MNI MRI Single-Subject Brain

An anatomical parcellation of the spatially normalized single-subject high-resolution T1 volume provided by the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) (D. L. Collins et al., 1998, Trans. Med. Imag. 17, 463-468) was performed. The MNI single-subject main sulci were first delineated and further used as landmarks for the 3D definition of 45 anatomical volumes of interest (AVOI) in each hemisphere. This procedure was performed using a dedicated software which allowed a 3D following of the sulci course on the edited brain. Regions of interest were then drawn manually with the same software every 2 mm on the axial slices of the high-resolution MNI single subject. The 90 AVOI were reconstructed and assigned a label. Using this parcellation method, three procedures to perform the automated anatomical labeling of functional studies are proposed: (1) labeling of an extremum defined by a set of coordinates, (2) percentage of voxels belonging to each of the AVOI intersected by a sphere centered by a set of coordinates, and (3) percentage of voxels belonging to each of the AVOI intersected by an activated cluster. An interface with the Statistical Parametric Mapping package (SPM, J. Ashburner and K. J. Friston, 1999, Hum. Brain Mapp. 7, 254-266) is provided as a freeware to researchers of the neuroimaging community. We believe that this tool is an improvement for the macroscopical labeling of activated area compared to labeling assessed using the Talairach atlas brain in which deformations are well known. However, this tool does not alleviate the need for more sophisticated labeling strategies based on anatomical or cytoarchitectonic probabilistic maps.
Factors associated with quality of life and mood in adults with strabismus

Background/Aims To explore the factors associated with the mood and quality of life (QoL) of patients with strabismus due to undergo realignment surgery. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken with adult patients. Along with demographic, clinical and psychosocial process variables, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and AS-20 QoL measures were administered. Regression models were used to identify the factors associated with QoL and mood. Results Of the 220 participants, 11% were experiencing clinical levels of depression, and 24% clinical anxiety. This is in line with other forms of facial disfigurement but higher than other chronic diseases. Although mood and QoL were associated with age and diplopia, it was beliefs and cognitions which were more consistently associated with well-being. This included feelings of social anxiety and avoidance, a belief that strabismus has negative consequences, poor understanding of strabismus, social support, fear of negative evaluation and the perceived visibility of their condition. Conclusions Psychosocial rather than clinical characteristics were identified as determinants of well-being in this population. It is important for clinicians planning surgery to be aware of these factors which could influence outcomes. Longitudinal studies need to be conducted to explore the direction of causality before interventions to improve well-being are developed and evaluated.
On the role of personality, cognitive ability, and emotional intelligence in predicting negotiation outcomes A meta-analysis

There has been a longstanding consensus among researchers that individual differences play a limited role in predicting negotiation outcomes. However, this consensus results historically from early reviews that relied on limited data and problematic research designs. Questioning this consensus, a meta-analysis of negotiation studies revealed a significant role for individual difference variables. The analysis demonstrated predictive validity for numerous personality traits, cognitive ability, and emotional intelligence. Multiple outcome measures were examined, namely economic individual value, economic joint value, and psychological subjective value for both the negotiator and counterpart. Each individual difference measure had predictive validity for at least one outcome measure, with the exception of conscientiousness. Characteristics of research design moderated some associations. Field data showed stronger effects than did laboratory studies. Implications for theory and practice are considered.
Influence of Maximal Ergometric Exercise on Endothelin Concentrations in Relation to Molecular Markers of the Hemostatic System

Summary The effects of moderate 30 min cycle ergometer exercise (aerobic metabolism; 0.85-3.71 mmol · 1−1 lactate) followed by short-term exercise at maximal capacity (anaerobic metabolism; 5.09 to 17.75 mmol · 1−1 lactate) on endothelin (ET) and hemostatic variables (tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA] antigen, prothrombin fragments [F1,2], thrombin-antithrombin III complex [TAT], prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time) were investigated in 15 male healthy subjects of varying fitness levels. Endothelin was measured twice, before and immediately after maximal cycle exercise. The results show an increase in endothelin concentration [10.0 pg · m1−1 (baseline) + 6.1 pg · m1−1 (increase post exercise)]. ET did not increase under control conditions. Moderate 30 min exercise caused an increase in t-PA antigen concentration (3.66 + 3.15 ng · m1−1) and short-term maximal exercise produced a markedly higher elevation in this variable (+10.6 ng · m1−1). F1,2 increased (810 + 40 pmol · 1−1) under moderate and by 150 pmol · 1−1 under anaerobic exercise. TAT increased only at maximal exercise levels (1.01 + 0.32 ng · 1−1). No changes were found in any of these variables under control conditions. No correlation of endothelin and the hemostatic variables was found. It is concluded that endothelin and hemostatic markers increase independently during moderate and maximal exercise.
A Contribution to the Schumpeterian Growth Theory and Empirics

This paper proposes an integrated theoretical and methodological framework characterized by technological interactions to explain growth processes from a Schumpeterian perspective. Global interdependence implied by international R&D spillovers needs to be taken into account in the theoretical model as well as in the empirical model. The spatial econometric methodology is the adequate tool to empirically deal with this issue. The econometric model we propose includes the neoclassical growth model as a particular case. We can therefore explicitly test the role of R&D investment in the long run growth process against the Solow growth model. Finally, the properties of our spatial econometric specification allow evaluating explicitly the impact of home and foreign R&D spillovers.
Robust protective factors for Africa American youths who have a parent with depression.

A considerable body of literature suggests that children of a parent with depression are at heightened risk of developing maladjustments. Few studies, however, have examined protective mechanisms for this population, particularly for African American youths. Based on theoretical and empirical studies of risk and protective factors for offspring of a parent with mental illness, this study examined four adjustment outcomes associated with six protective factors among African American youths in poor communities with a primary caregiver who had depression. Families (N = 126) were drawn from an ongoing panel study, the Family and Community Health Study. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that most protective factors operated only for specific adjustment outcomes; only parental monitoring functioned across behavioral and academic domains of youth adjustment. The findings suggested that the improvement of parental monitoring skills could be essential for interventions designed to prevent multiple adjustment problems among these youths, particularly in behavioral and academic domains. Moreover, because many protective factors across different systems are likely to affect youth resilience, collaborative multisystem programs are needed to targets all of these factors.
A Longitudinal Study of eHealth Infrastructures in Norway

This paper investigates the role of architectures in information infrastructures. We find that a key dimension is lacking in the extant architectural theorizing: the relations between an IIs’ architecture and structures in the user and development organizations/communities. Further, we find that an II’s architecture needs to change over time. We suggest the concept of generative architecture to frame a more comprehensive understanding of the role of architecture. Our empirical evidence is seven cases from the health sector, collected over a period of 25 years. Our analysis allowed us to identify two main architectural approaches; the Application Centric Architecture (ACA) and the Communication System Centric Architecture (CSCA). Through the careful study of the cases, we present evidence that CSCA architecture is more generative in the early phase of an II’s evolution, while the ACA seems more successful and generative in later phases. The theoretical contribution is the concept of generative architecture. A generative architecture is one that is bootstrapable, adoptable, adaptable and extensible; has generative fit with (generative) development and user collectives.
Newly qualified teachers' learning related to their use of information and communication technology: a Swedish perspective

This qualitative study focuses on newly qualified teachers’ use of information and communication technology (ICT) as a tool for meeting the challenges of their everyday work. The overarching aim is to investigate whether they can contribute to new knowledge about learning in ICT contexts. Theoretical points of departure concern the changeable nature of learning in situations where ways of communicating knowledge and skills are changed. The study draws upon interviews and observations. The findings show intersections picturing the new technique as partly changing the circumstances for teaching, learning and collaboration between colleagues. The new teachers’ utterances show that ICT utilisation is extensive and exhibits great variation both among female and among male participants. Boundary-crossing changes become visible in the collaboration between more experienced teachers and those who are newly qualified, especially when they work on a common development project. However, there are relatively few teachers who bring up active ICT use in connection with pupils’ learning. Changed roles because of ICT competence raise questions about the importance of systematic ICT features within teacher education. Many of the newly qualified teachers wish they had more knowledge about ICT and related techniques. Another question is whether newly qualified teachers who show interest in using the technique can take on the role as agents of change in their active and creative use of ICT.
Body area network for monitoring autonomic nervous system responses

A body area network (BAN) for monitoring the autonomic nervous system responses is reported. The BAN is based on the Human++ UniNode, a small, low power generic wireless sensor node. Physiological signals are monitored using specifically designed ultra low power sensor front ends connected to the UniNodes. Two UniNodes compose the body area network, one on a chest belt to record ECG and respiration, the other on a wrist sensor to record skin conductance and skin temperature. Small, lightweight and low power body area network platform, this platform BAN platform paves the way towards ambulatory, continuous monitoring of autonomic responses in everyday applications.
Development of cholinergic terminals around rat spinal motor neurons and their potential relationship to developmental cell death

Neuron death seems to be regulated mainly by postsynaptic target cells. In chicks, nicotinic antagonists such as alpha‐bungarotoxin (αBT) can prevent normal cell death of somatic motor neurons (SMNs). For this effect, however, αBT could be acting at peripheral neuromuscular junctions and/or central cholinergic synapses. To investigate this issue, we first studied the development of cholinergic terminals in the rat spinal cord by using vesicular acetylcholine transporter immunocytochemistry. Labeled terminals were seen in the ventral horn as early as embryonic day 15 (E15), the beginning of the cell death period. Thus, central cholinergic synapses form at the correct time and place to be able to influence SMN death. We next added αBT to organotypic, spinal slice cultures made at E15. After 5 days in vitro, the number of SMNs in treated cultures was substantially greater than in control cultures, indicating that αBT can reduce SMN cell death in rats as it does in chicks. Moreover, peripheral target removal led to extensive loss of SMNs, and such a loss occurred even in the presence of αBT, indicating the necessity of peripheral target for the αBT effect. Finally, to determine whether central cholinergic terminals also may be involved in SMN death, we delayed the αBT treatment until after central cholinergic terminals had disappeared from the slice cultures. The increased number of surviving SMNs, even in the absence of central terminals, argued that αBT acts at peripheral, not central, cholinergic synapses to rescue SMNs from developmental cell death. J. Comp. Neurol. 435:171–183, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevention and management of lung cancer in China

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. In China, the incidence of lung cancer has grown rapidly, resulting in a large social and economic burden. Several researchers have devoted their studies to lung cancer and have demonstrated that there are many risk factors for lung cancer in China, including tobacco use, environmental pollution, food, genetics, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the lung cancer incidence is still growing rapidly in China, and there is an even higher incidence among the younger generation. One explanation may be the triple‐neglect situation, in which medical policies that neglect prevention, diagnosis, and supportive care have increased patients' mortality and reduced their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the efficiency of prevention and early diagnosis not only by focusing more attention on treatment but also by drawing more attention to supportive care for patients with lung cancer. Cancer 2015;121:3080‐8. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
THE CATEGORISATION OF TYPES AND BREEDS OF CATTLE IN EUROPE

The domestication of cattle in Europe and North Africa dates back at least 8000 years. The Middle East was an early site of domestication but there is evidence of domesticated cattle in other parts of Europe at about this time. Subsequent movements of peoples and the development of cultural exchange affected the livestock populations. The understanding of the relationship between european breeds and types of cattle can be increased by a multi-disciplinary approach including ethnological, archaeological and sociohistorical data, in conjunction with morphological characterisation and biochemical studies of livestock breeds and populations. Four european groups of cattle have been identified, namely the podolic of asian origin, the shorthorn of northern european origin, the central european group containing types of mixed origin, and the longhorn group in the western fringes of Europe, which may be remnants of cattle of the earliest civilisation.
Closed loop communication to prevent delay in recombinant tissue plasminogen activator administration

We read with interest the article by Walter et al entitled ‘‘Pointof-care laboratory halves door-to-therapy decision time in acute stroke. ’’ We have sometimes noted a delay in obtaining results from our central laboratory. Emergency room (ER) personnel who draw the blood sample often wait for samples from other patients to be collected so they can tube all samples together. Once the sample reaches the laboratory, technicians are either not immediately available to process them or do not prioritize. There may be a delay from the time the results are actually released into the data pool to the time of posting in the electronic medical record (EMR). The point-of-care (POC) laboratory was discussed as an alternative, but the following drawbacks were noted:
Endometrial Carcinogenesis and Molecular Signaling Pathways

The Endometrial Cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy that starts in the endometrium of women. Carcinogenesis of EC is associated with several critical regulatory molecules, which involve in different signaling pathways. A number of signaling pathways have been identified to be involved in the multiple-step development of EC, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, WNT/β-catenin signal transduction cascades (including APC/β-catenin pathway), MAPK/ERK pathway, VEGF/VEGFR ligand receptor signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, P53/P21 and P16INK4a/pRB signaling pathways. This review mainly focuses on the molecular signaling pathways relevant to human endometrial cancer and discusses those critical capabilities of transforming endometrial cells, including evading apoptosis; enhancing cell proliferation; blocking differentiation; and inducing angiogenesis.
Lurasidone: a new drug in development for schizophrenia

Background: Lurasidone is a novel psychotropic agent in development for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Objectives: This paper describes the development of lurasidone, including its receptor binding affinities, pharmacokinetics, CNS activity in rodent models and results of early clinical efficacy and safety studies in humans. Methods: The available literature on lurasidone was reviewed, including abstracts from medical congresses supplemented by data on file with the sponsor. Results/conclusions: Lurasidone has a high affinity for dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors as well as for receptors implicated in enhancement of cognitive function (e.g., 5-HT7, 5-HT1A, α2c). Lurasidone has no affinity for muscarinic M1 and histamine H1 receptors and minimal affinity for α1 adrenoceptors, dopamine D1 and D3 receptors, serotonin 5-HT2C receptors and α2A adrenoceptors. Phase II efficacy data indicate that lurasidone doses from 40 to 120 mg/day are effective in the treatment of schizophrenia, with positive symptom reduction exceeding that for negative symptoms, as seen with other antipsychotics. Preclinical data indicate that lurasidone reverses MK-801 induced learning and memory impairment in rodents, and active comparator data from a Phase Ib study of lurasidone 120 mg/day versus ziprasidone 160 mg/day also found a signal for effects on cognition. Phase II studies suggest that lurasidone has no significant QTc prolongation and a benign metabolic profile.
Determinants for High Maternal Mortality in Multiethnic Populations in Western China

Our purpose of this study was to investigate determinants and patterns of associations with high maternal mortality in poor and multiethnic populations from the Xinjiang Uigur autonomous region of Western China. The researcher found that the maternal mortality ratio of Xinjiang was very high; almost half of the participants delivered at home without clean delivery, and nearly one-fifth of the participants had not received any medical treatment. Eighty-seven percent of maternal deaths were among ethnic minority groups. In multiethnic areas in Xinjiang, social–culture factors, lack of health resources, and low health services utilization were related to high maternal mortality.