Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macronutrients, fatty acids and cholesterol intake and stomach cancer risk.

BACKGROUND Several case-control studies have examined the association between intake of selected macronutrients and stomach cancer, with inconsistent results regarding total energy, proteins, carbohydrates and fats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We considered the relation between total energy, various macronutrients and fatty acids and gastric cancer using data from a case-control study conducted in northern Italy. Cases were 230 patients with incident, histologically confirmed stomach cancer. Controls were 547 frequency-matched patients, admitted to the same hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic conditions. Logistic regression models conditioned on age and sex and adjusted for selected covariates were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of stomach cancer. RESULTS The multivariate ORs were 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-0.98] for the highest versus lowest tertile of vegetable fats and 0.66 (95% CI 0.44-0.97) for polyunsaturated fatty acids. No significant association was found for proteins, sugars, starch, total and animal fats, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study indicates that selected vegetable fats have a favorable effect on stomach cancer risk.
Relationship between olfactory function and social cognition in euthymic bipolar patients

Objective/Introduction There is a close functional and neuroanatomical relationship between olfactory ability and emotional processing. The present study seeks to explore the association between olfactory ability and social cognition, especially facial emotion perception, in euthymic bipolar patients. Methods Thirty-nine euthymic outpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for bipolar disorder and 40 healthy volunteers matched on socio-demographic criteria were recruited. Both groups were assessed at one time point with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), the Emotion Recognition Test, and The Faux Pas Recognition Test, as well as measures of general cognition and functioning. Results The bipolar patients showed a significant impairment in olfactory identification (UPSIT) and social cognition measures compared to healthy controls. Analyses revealed significant relationships between olfactory identification and facial emotion recognition, theory of mind, general cognition, and a trend-level relationship with functioning. Controlling for age and cigarettes smoked, relationships remained significant between olfactory function and facial emotion recognition. Conclusion There is a deficit of olfactory identification in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder that is correlated with a deficit in both verbal and non-verbal measures of social cognition.
Beliefs and the Perception of Risks and Accidents

Identifying the causes of accidents is a necessary prerequisite for preventive action. Some research suggests however that the analysis of accidents does not only differ between experts and laymen but that it is also linked to certain characteristics inherent in the analyst and in the social group to which he belongs: beliefs, value systems, norms, experiences in common, attitudes, roles, social and technical practices, etc. Culturally determined bias seems to affect the perception of risk and the causes of accidents. This article presents a certain number of thoughts and results based upon research carried out on causal attributions of traffic accidents in The Ivory Coast (West Africa) and discusses the importance of culture in risk‐taking and accident prevention. It shows in particular that fatalistic beliefs and mystical practices influence the perception of accidents and consequently incite one to take more risks and neglect safety measures.
Patient-reported outcomes in a phase III, randomized study of sunitinib versus interferon-α as first-line systemic therapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in a European population

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of sunitinib versus interferon-alpha (IFN-α) treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Patients and methods: In all, 304 mRCC patients (European cohort) were randomized 1 : 1 to receive sunitinib (50 mg/day for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks off) or IFN-α (9 million units s.c. injection three times/week). The following questionnaires were completed (days 1 and 28 per cycle): Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), the FACT-Kidney Symptom Index and the EuroQol Group's EQ-5D self-report questionnaire (EQ-5D). Results correspond to an ongoing trial with progression-free survival time as primary end point, and patients were still being followed up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed effects models (MEMs) that allow the inclusion of initial differences and uncompleted repeated measures, with the assumption of data missing at random. Six-cycle results were included. Results: Results consistently showed that patients in sunitinib group experienced statistically significantly milder kidney-related symptoms, better cancer-specific HRQoL and general health status (in social utility scores) during the study period as measured by these patient-reported outcome end points. No statistical differences between groups were found on the FACT-G physical well-being subscale or the EQ-5D VAS values. Conclusions: Results from MEM showed the sunitinib's benefit on HRQoL compared with IFN-α.
D2 receptor occupancy following lurasidone treatment in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder

Objective/Introduction Lurasidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication approved for the treatment of schizophrenia over a dose range of 40–160 mg/day. This study examined D2 receptor occupancy and its association with clinical improvement and side effects in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder following repeated doses of 80, 120, or 160 mg/day of lurasidone. Methods Twenty-five patients with The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were washed out of their antipsychotic medications (5 half-lives) and randomly assigned to 80, 120, or 160 mg/day of lurasidone. Subjects were imaged with 18F-fallypride at baseline and at steady-state lurasidone treatment to determine D2 receptor occupancy. Results Blood lurasidone concentration (plus major metabolite), but not dose, significantly correlated with D2 receptor occupancy. D2 receptor occupancy in several subcortical structures is associated with positive but not negative symptom improvement or the presence of movement symptoms. Discussion Blood concentrations greater than 70 ng/mL may be required to achieve a 65% occupancy level in subcortical areas. Intersubject blood concentrations at fixed dose were highly variable and may account for the lack of dose correlations. Conclusions Positron emission tomography (PET) occupancy data suggest that greater than 65% occupancy can be achieved across the dose range of 80–160 mg/day and that some patients require higher doses to achieve antipsychotic efficacy; this finding supports prior randomized clinical trial results.
A generating function approach to queueing network analysis of multiprogrammed computers

Modern multiprogrammed computing systems are dis t inguished by t h e i r a b i l i t y t o handle a number of jobs concurrent ly . When one job , r e s iden t i n such a system, performs an I/O, it r e l i n quishes i t s hold on the CPU, and another job takes over the CPU while t h e f i r s t awai ts completion o f t he I/O. Operations of this type r a i s e quest ions as t o j u s t how many jobs should be r e s iden t i n the computer, s ince it i s not a p r i o r i c l e a r j u s t how much degradation the jobs s u f f e r when t h e r e a r e many of them contending and i n t e r f e r i n g with each o t h e r i n obta in ing access t o the var ious processing devices of t h e computer. It is d i f f i c u l t t o judge the e f f e c t s of replacing one device by another with d i f f e r e n t speed, o r of adding o r sub t r ac t ing a device.
HLA DRB1/DQB1 alleles and DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in Tunisians: a population‐based case–control study

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease, which affects synovial joints, and is influenced by environmental and genetic factors, in particular the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system. In our study, we investigated the association of HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1 alleles and DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes with RA susceptibility in Tunisian subjects. Therefore, HLA class II low‐resolution genotyping was done in 110 RA patients and 116 controls, with a HLA‐DRB1*04 high‐resolution typing. Our results showed a strong association between HLA‐DRB1*04/DRB1*04:05 alleles and RA presence, which persisted after correcting for multiple comparisons (Pc < 10−3, Pc = 0.020, respectively), in contrast to the protective effect of HLA‐DRB1*04:03 allele (Pc = 15.2 × 10−4). However, increased frequency of DQB1*05 (Pc = 0.020) and decreased frequency of DRB1*04:03 subtype (Pc = 0.032) were seen in RF+ patients than controls. Moreover, when RA patients were compared to controls, DRB1*04‐DQB1*03 haplotype was associated with RA susceptibility in Tunisians (Pc = 16.8 × 10−5), independently of RF status. Conversely, DRB1*01 allele and DRB1*01‐DQB1*05 haplotype was highly present in RF+ vs RF− groups (Pc < 10−3, Pc = 5.6 × 10−3, respectively) and seems to be linked to seropositivity. Investigation of HLA class II alleles and haplotypes association with RA susceptibility with secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS) showed a predisposing effect of DRB1*04 (Pc < 10−3) and DRB1*04‐DQB1*03 haplotype when RA with sSS/without sSS groups were compared to healthy controls. Our results confirms the association of HLA‐DRB1*04, specifically HLA‐DRB1*04:05 subtype, and DRB1*04‐DQB1*03 haplotype with RA susceptibility in Tunisians, independently of seropositivity or the sSS presence.
Looked after and Adopted Children: How Should Specialist CAMHS Be Involved?

Looked after children are at high risk of developing mental health problems and these are often complex and related to other needs and agency involvement. Consequently, there is increasing policy emphasis on the importance of joint service planning and implementation. In practice, however, the distinction between mental health needs, problems and disorders is not clearly defined. Therefore, there is considerable service variation, lack of models and consensus on which children and young people would benefit from specialist child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) input. Pradeep Rao, Alvina Ali and Panos Vostanis report on a study that aimed to compare the characteristics of looked after and adopted children referred to a designated CAMHS team, and to identify whether these fell within the perceived remit of specialist CAMHS. The referrals, over one year, were rated by an independent researcher using a checklist that contained details of the referrer, the child's placement and reason for referral, outcome and reasons for decisions. Children with indication of likely disorders were accepted, while there was less consistency on decisions related to attachment and behavioural problems, and the role of different agencies. Mental health and social care services for vulnerable children need jointly to develop clear care pathways, with definition of agency roles. The presence of behavioural and attachment problems per se should not justify referral to specialist CAMHS, which would depend on other concurrent mental health difficulties and risk factors involved. Implications for defining the role and components of mental health services for vulnerable children and young people are discussed.
The Human Brain. An Introduction to its Functional Anatomy

This tutorial chapter provides an overview of the human brain anatomy. Knowledge of brain anatomy is fundamental to our understanding of cognitive processes in health and disease . An Introduction to Human Brain Anatomy | Request PDF Neuroimaging methods are used with increasing frequency in clinical practice and basic research. Designed for students and professionals, this course will introduce the basic principles of neuroimaging methods as applied to human subjects research and introduce the neuroscience concepts and terminology necessary for a basic understanding of neuroimaging applications. Introduction Structural Neuroanatomy of the Human Brain . The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy(6th edition). Textbook – Introduction to the Human Brain Introduction to the mammalian nervous system with emphasis on the structure and function of the human brain. Topics include the function of nerve cells, sensory systems, control of movement and speech, learning and memory, emotion, and diseases of the brain. The Brain: An Introduction to Neuroscience | Brown University The brain is formed of two types of nervous tissue, Grey matter on the outer side and White matter on the inner side. The former is made of non-medullated nerve cells whereas the latter is formed of medullated nerve cells. The brain or encephalon is a white, bilaterally symmetrical structure. Essay on Human Brain: Structure and Function Magnetic Stimulation of the Human Brain and Peripheral Nervous System: An Introduction and the Results of an Initial Clinical Evaluation Neurosurgery. 1987 Jan;20(1):100-9. doi: 10.1097/00006123-198701000-00024. Authors A T Barker, I L Freeston, R Jalinous, J A Jarratt. PMID: 3808249 .
Prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in Poland: multicentre cross-sectional study in 40,095 patients

Objective: To study the prevalence, clinical expression and risk factors of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in 40,095 Polish adults. Method: This was a multicentre cross-sectional study with 803 participating primary care physicians. Results: The study population was mainly female (84%). The mean age was 44.8 years. Of the total population, 10% presented with oedema, 34.3% had varicose veins, with approximately the same proportion in males and females and 1.5% presented with past or active ulceration. A similar prevalence of CVI to that observed in the developed countries was reported in Poland. Obesity, the number of pregnancies and a positive family history were found to be risk factors for CVI. Female gender was not shown to be a risk factor for varicose veins. Conclusions: The relationship between the presence of symptoms and signs of CVI was high, whatever the gender. Thus, the previously described dominance of the disease in females is losing its significance.
Psychotropic prescribing in seriously violent men with schizophrenia or personality disorder in a UK high security hospital

Objectives To analyze antipsychotic prescribing patterns in a UK high security hospital (HSH) that treats seriously violent men with either schizophrenia or personality disorder and examine how different groups consented to treatment and prescribing for metabolic conditions. We hypothesized that there would be high prevalence of antipsychotic polypharmacy, and high-dose antipsychotic and clozapine prescribing. Background HSHs treat seriously violent, mentally disordered offenders, and the extant literature on prescribing patterns in forensic settings is sparse. Methods Prescribing and clinical data on all 189 patients in a UK HSH were collected from the hospital’s databases. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results The population was split into the following groups: schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD-only), personality disorder (PD-only), and comorbid schizophrenia spectrum disorder and PD. The majority (93.7%) of all patients were prescribed at least one antipsychotic, and (27.5%) were on clozapine. Polypharmacy was prevalent in 22.2% and high-dose antipsychotic in 27.5%. Patients on clozapine were more likely to be prescribed antidiabetic, statins, or antihypertensive medication. Patients in the PD-only group were more likely to be deemed to have the capacity to consent to treatment and be prescribed clozapine in contrast to the SSD-only group. Conclusions Rates of clozapine and high-dose antipsychotic prescribing were higher than in other psychiatric settings, while polypharmacy prescribing rates were lower. Higher clozapine prescribing rates may be a function of a treatment-resistant and aggressive population. A higher proportion of PD-only patients consented to treatment and received clozapine compared with in-house SSD-only as well as other psychiatric settings. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Use of an Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuit as a Bridge to Salvage a Major Upper-Extremity Replant in a Critically Ill Patient

Major replantation of the upper extremity is defined as replantation at or above the level of the wrist. Selection of appropriate candidates is complex and requires consideration of many patient- and injury-associated factors including patient age, associated injuries, patient desire, mechanism of injury, ischemia time, wound condition, and presence of multiple-level injury. With respect to age, younger patients, especially children, are deemed to have a distinct advantage over more elderly patients due to improved nerve regeneration, and many advocate making every effort to replant this population. The risks of major upper-extremity replantation are significant and include bleeding, depletion of coagulation factors, secondary infection, and sepsis. As a result, major systemic illness and significant associated injuries are accepted as contraindications to limb salvage in this patient population. Herein we describe the use of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit as a potential bridge for short-term preservation of the extremity in a young patient with an acute, concomitant systemic illness. In the authors' opinion, use of ECMO perfusion is a viable means of maintaining extremity perfusion over hours or even days and may lead to broadened replant criteria in patients with associated injuries.
PTSD treatment in light of DSM-5 and the “golden hours” concept

One of the main changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was the separation of Stress Related Disorders from the Anxiety chapter. This separation paves the way to examine the unique characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (ie, identifiable onset, memory processes, etc) and related neural mechanisms. The time that elapses between the traumatic event and the manifestation of the disorder may also be addressed as the “golden hours,” or the window of opportunity in which critical processes take place and relevant interventions may be administrated.
“Much ado about nothing”: monoamine oxidase inhibitors, drug interactions, and dietary tyramine

The era of those physicians whose early practice was informed by familiarity with the (even now) unsurpassed efficacy, for severe depression, of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), is ending. A number of authors have reviewed this subject and noted the continuing decline in the use of MAOIs, and also the fact that younger physicians have almost no experience of them. It has also been observed that they continue to be recommended in most guidelines, and that they are invaluable in the treatment of severe and intractable cases of depression. It is noteworthy, contrary to popular current belief, that patients themselves frequently rate MAOIs as being more effective than “newer” drugs and as having fewer side effects. Many experienced colleagues have shared the satisfaction of seeing patients who have enjoyed complete remission frommany years of illness, after only a few weeks on an MAOI, having previously failed to get an adequate response from the panoply of modern remedies (as well as ECT). Such patients, understandably, may be angry that they were not even offered the option of such treatment earlier in the burdensome course of their suffering. Even when patients have requested an MAOI, it has often been refused, with a comment such as “we don’t use drugs like that any more, they’re dangerous. ” So, after more than 50 years, where are we? What explains this discrepancy between the published literature and the view of experienced practitioners contrasted with the reality of the near-total lack of use of MAOIs? (Current usage is about 0.1% of all antidepressant scripts.) The purpose of this editorial is to address this discrepancy, to draw attention to recent data, to encourage doctors to consider these drugs earlier in the illness-course of patients, and most particularly to illuminate issues that are perceived as major hurdles. These hurdles cause doctors to shy away from using MAOIs, but they are largely illusory. The two most prominent seem to be (1) the misperception that there are frequent drug interactions and (2) that there is a major risk of ingesting excessive tyramine (Tyr). Neither hurdle is complex nor difficult to overcome if the latest scientific evidence is considered. The ability to properly manage MAOI treatment should be in the repertoire of all psychiatrists. It is regrettable that this is not the case. Statements that MAOIs are “outmoded” and “dangerous drugs” are both wrong and unprofessional, yet they are frequently encountered.
Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in FNCLCC grade 3 soft tissue sarcomas: a multivariate analysis of the French Sarcoma Group Database.

BACKGROUND The predictive value of grade for benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients has never been explored. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1980 to 1999, 1513 adult patients with non-metastatic STS were included prospectively in the French Sarcoma Group database. Grade was assessed according to the Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) system after central review. RESULTS AC was delivered to 13 grade 1 patients (3%), 145 grade 2 patients (35%) and 262 grade 3 patients (62%). Young age, non-well-differentiated liposarcoma histology, deep location, bone and/or neurovascular invasion and grade 2 or 3 were significantly associated with a higher likelihood to receive AC. Median follow-up was 9 years. On multivariate analysis, AC was significantly associated with improved metastasis-free survival (MFS) [5-year MFS: 58% versus 49%, hazard ratio (HR) 0.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-0.9), P = 0.01] and overall survival (OS) [5-year OS: 58% versus 45%, HR 0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.8), P = 0.0002] in grade 3 patients. This was not observed in grade 2 patients [5-year MFS: 76% versus 73%, HR 0.8 (95% CI 0.5-1.2), P = 0.27; 5-year OS: 75% versus 65%, HR 0.8 (95% CI 0.6-1.1), P = 0.15]. CONCLUSION This large cohort-based analysis with long-term follow-up indicates that patients with FNCLCC grade 3 disease may benefit from AC.