Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPLEX LOGARITHMS IN HESTON‐LIKE MODELS

The characteristic functions of many affine jump‐diffusion models, such as Heston's stochastic volatility model and all of its extensions, involve multivalued functions such as the complex logarithm. If we restrict the logarithm to its principal branch, as is done in most software packages, the characteristic function can become discontinuous, leading to completely wrong option prices if options are priced by Fourier inversion. In this paper, we prove without any restrictions that there is a formulation of the characteristic function in which the principal branch is the correct one. Because this formulation is easier to implement and numerically more stable than the so‐called rotation count algorithm of Kahl and Jäckel, we solely focus on its stability in this paper. This paper shows how complex discontinuities can be avoided in the Variance Gamma and Schöbel–Zhu models, as well as in the exact simulation algorithm of the Heston model, recently proposed by Broadie and Kaya.
SCIENTIFIC EXAMINATION OF WESTERN ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA STOCK-RECRUIT RELATIONSHIPS

A workshop was convened in Washington, DC on 19-21 June 2012 to review the available information on the relationship between spawning stock and recruitment for western Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), a critical part of the scientific advice for management of the stock. The workshop participants noted that considerable attention has been paid to the form of the relationship between stock and recruitment, but that insufficient attention had been paid to the consequences of different hypotheses about that relationship. We suggest a simple decision table approach, using well-developed methods, for informing on the consequences of different policy choices given the uncertainty in the productive capacity and future trajectory of the stock. This will enable the scientific advice to move beyond a debate about the form of the stock and recruitment relationship and provide a more informative set of information for management. Based on the decision table analysis, considering alternative hypotheses about stock and recruitment using the available data, the results indicate that for rebuilding of spawning stock and yield in the long-term, fishing mortality rates should be kept low. Higher values are only advantageous if the primary goal is short-term yield at the expense of long-term rebuilding of the biomass. Higher values pertain to tradeoffs with yield in short and long term. An intermediate goal would be to reduce F enough to rebuild SSB to near 30,000 mt. At this level of SSB, information on the potential for the stock to increase recruitment and rebuild to a higher level should be apparent. Finally, the workshop participants identified a set of issues in the stock assessment that need further investigation and development to continuously improve the scientific advice provided through the assessment process.
Comportamento produtivo de cultivares de morangueiro estabelecido a partir de mudas com torrão

O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o comportamento de cultivares de morangueiro estabelecidas a partir de mudas com torrao “plug plants” na regiao de Pelotas-RS. Foram utilizadas quatro cultivares de dias curtos ‘Camarosa’, ‘Strawberry Festival’, ‘Oso Grande’ e ‘Camino Real’. As mudas foram obtidas atraves do sistema de producao com matrizes suspensas, onde as pontas dos estoloes foram enraizadas em substrato comercial. As mudas com torrao foram transplantadas para o campo de cultivo no dia 14 de abril de 2012. A cultivar ‘Oso Grande’ apresentou maiores valores de SS/AT nos picos produtivos de setembro e novembro (11,34 e 13,92 respectivamente) diferindo estatisticamente das demais cultivares. No primeiro mes de colheita (julho), as plantas de ‘Strawberry Festival’, ‘Oso Grande’ e ‘Camarosa’ apresentaram maior producao e numero de frutos do que ‘Camino Real’. As maiores massas medias de fruta nos meses de julho, agosto, setembro e outubro foram obtidas em frutas da cultivar 'Camino Real'. As cultivares ‘Strawberry Festival’ 'Camarosa' e 'Oso Grande' apresentaram elevada producao comercial total (901,45; 850,45 e 801,14g.pl -1 , respectivamente). Nas condicoes em que o estudo foi realizado foi possivel concluir que as plantas das cultivares 'Camarosa', 'Strawberry Festival' e 'Oso Grande' estabelecidas com mudas com torrao apresentam elevadas producoes precoces e totais e 'Camino Real' apresenta massa media de fruta superior as demais estudadas. Palavras-chave - morangueiro, dias curtos, mudas.
Small Sample Properties of the Pareto/Negative Binomial Distribution Model

Marketing at the University of Vienna, Department of Marketing, Brünner Straße 72, A-1210 Vienna, Austria, Phone: +43-1-4277-38012, Fax: +43-1-4277-38014, E-Mail: daniel.hoppe@univie.ac. at Udo Wagner (corresponding author) is Professor of Marketing at the University of Vienna, Department of Marketing, Brünner Straße 72, A-1210 Vienna, Austria, Phone: +43-1-4277-38011, Fax: +43-1-4277-38014, E-Mail: udo.wagner@univie.ac. at Small Sample Properties of the Pareto/Negative Binomial Distribution Model
A methodological framework to determine optimum durations for the construction of soil water characteristic curves using centrifugation

Abstract During laboratory assessment of the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC), determining equilibrium at various pressures is challenging. This study establishes a methodological framework to identify appropriate experimental duration at each pressure step for the construction of SWCCs via centrifugation. Three common temporal approaches to equilibrium – 24-, 48- and 72-h – are examined, for a grassland and arable soil. The framework highlights the differences in equilibrium duration between the two soils. For both soils, the 24-h treatment significantly overestimated saturation. For the arable site, no significant difference was observed between the 48- and 72-h treatments. Hence, a 48-h treatment was sufficient to determine ‘effective equilibrium’. For the grassland site, the 48- and 72-h treatments differed significantly. This highlights that a more prolonged duration is necessary for some soils to conclusively determine that effective equilibrium has been reached. This framework can be applied to other soils to determine the optimum centrifuge durations for SWCC construction.
Analysis of Traditional Attributes and Website Attributes in Order to Improve Customers Trust in Electronic Banking (The Case of Customers of Mellat Bank, Iran, Shiraz Branch)

In the last three decades, development of new information and communication technology has affected the methods of bank services to the customers. The points that are very important to notice are active and provident characteristics of electronic banking in comparison to traditional banking, but despite positive characteristics of electronic banking, it does not have any dependable place among customers yet. In this regard, present research offers a compound model of traditional and online factors effects on customers trust in electronic banking and widespread advertisements. For this purpose, we have used a standard questionnaire on the basis of Likert dividing. 383 customers of Iran Mellat bank branch in Shiraz have been tested randomly. Information analyses have been done with the method of descriptive and deductive statistics and using statistics software Amos20. The results show that both traditional and website bank characteristics influence customers trust in electronic banking, also the coordinator role of traditional services quality in relation with traditional characteristics with trust in electronic banking was rejected.
Serum homosistein düzeyinin ileri sistolik kalp yetersizliği olan hastalarda bir yıllık sağkalımı öngörmedeki değeri

Amaç: Kalp yetersizliği (KY) temel bir halk sağlığı problemi olup önemli derecede mortalite ve morbiditeye neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle sağkalım belirteçlerinin KY tedavisini yönlendirmedeki önemleri giderek artmaktadır. Son zamanlarda yayımlanan bazı çalışmalarda, kan homosistein düzeyleri KY gelişimi için yeni bir risk faktörü olarak bildirilmektedir. Çalışmamızda serum homosistein düzeyinin KY’li hastaların sağkalımını öngörmedeki değerini araştırdık. Çalışma planı: Çalışmaya, sol ventrikül ejeksiyon fraksiyonu <%35 olan KY’li 70 hasta (44 erkek, 26 kadın; ort. yaş 60±12; dağılım 28-83 yıl) alındı. Klinik, ekokardiyografik ve biyokimyasal parametreler çalışma başlangıcında ölçüldü ve tüm hastalar izlemeye alındı. Kardiyak nedenli ölüm çalışmanın sonlanım noktası olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: On iki aylık izlem süresi sonunda hastaların 14’ü (%20) öldü. Ölen hastaların serum homosistein düzeyi sağ kalan hastalara kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti (20.8±5.8 ve 16.9±5.1 μmol/l, p=0.029). Serum homosistein düzeyinin >17.45 μmol/l olması %71.4 özgüllük ve %67.9 duyarlılık oranları ile 1 yıl sonunda ABSTRACT
The Relationship Between Marsh Surface Topography, Hydroperiod, and Growth of Spartina alterniflora in a Deteriorating Louisiana Salt Marsh

The relationships between marsh elevation, flooding frequency and duration, and vegetative growth in a Spartina alterniflora marsh in coastal Louisiana were evaluated using field surveys, tide gauge records, and plant growth measurements over two growing seasons. Hvdroperiod was calculated for different elevations on the marsh surface and relationships determined by regression analysis. Relationships between marsh surface elevation and vegetative parameters changed during the study period. There was a positive relationship between marsh elevation and vegetation vigor. At the beginning of the study, elevation did not appear to influence plant growth, but the effect of elevation on the magnitude of above and below ground standing crop and stem density' increased in the second year. Variations in elevation across the study site (12 cm) cause dramatic changes in hydroperiod (> 200%) for vegetation in different areas. Eh measurements indicate reduced soil conditions associated with long-duration flooding events at lower elevations. These data suggest that more flooded areas of the marsh are deteriorating and we anticipate that plant die-back will occur in this area, resulting in wetland loss
Preparation, Quality Evaluation and Shelf Life Studies of Whey-Guava Beverage

2 Abstract: Experiments were conducted on the development and storage of beverage prepared from whey and guava pulp and development of process would be of great benefit to the dairy industry. The beverage was pasteurized at different temperatures and periods for estimating its shelf life. The ratio of whey and guava pulp that was used for the preparation of beverage is 67.5:20 (%). Treatments which include different temperature and time combination were 60°C, 65°C and 70°C for 15, 25 and 35 minutes. However the beverage which was pasteurized at 65°C for 25 minutes was scored much than the others treatments. Samples were evaluated initially and after that at an interval of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days for sensory analysis which included taste, color, flavor, appearance and overall acceptability. The samples were analyzed for their chemical and microbiological analysis at regular intervals. Storage study showed an increasing trend in TSS, acidity, reducing sugar and a decreasing trend in the pH, lactose and ascorbic acid. Total viable count was analyzed using standard methods.
Mantle convection and the dynamic geoid of Mars

This study compares different 3D spherical models of thermal convection in the Martian mantle. The best fit to the Tharsis bulge is obtained if the endothermic phase transition to perovskite occurs closely above the core‐mantle boundary. In this case, a large‐scale flow develops and the associated geoid anomaly explains approximately half of the observed long‐wavelength geoid. The shallower exothermic phase transitions have little influence on the planform of the flow and on the shape of the geoid. Previous studies that included exothermic transitions were biased by effects of a soft lithosphere, which introduces a large‐scale mantle flow even without a deep endothermic phase transition. However, such models predict a continous resurfacing and a dominant geoid low, which is in conflict with observations.
Optimal Contracts for Ambitious Team Workers

This paper invesigates the optimal compensation scheme for workers in a team who value not only absolute but also relative incomes. A worker is said to be more ambitious if his utility places more weight on relative income. In this case the firm can exploit the worker's preference for relative comparison to design a compensation scheme that induces the same effort level with lower cost. Under the optimal compensation scheme, the workers' wages are shown to depend on relative performance, and exhibit wage compression. More importantly, even if the production technology calls for absolute performance evaluation in the traditional principal-agent framework, the optimal wage structure still relies on relative performance. Finally, in contrast to past literature, worker heterogeneity is shown to reduce the firm's profit.
Preliminary Results of a Global High-Resolution GCM Experiment

To examine the role of the meso-scale eddies in the ocean general circulation, we have investigated the circulation which is simulated by a high resolution general circulation model with 1/4 degrees grid spacing and 55 vertical levels. The model in this study simulates quite well the Kuroshio and its separation, and the equatorial currents system comprising the Equatorial Undercurrent and Subsurface Countercur· rent, etc., which have not been well reproduced in previous models. The model also shows the characteristics of fluctuations known on the basis of observation, such as latitudinal dependence of the westward phase speed of the Rossby wave and fluctua· tions of the Indonesian throughflow. We describe the mean and eddy characteristics in the model compared with observed results, and discuss the role of the meso-scale eddies in the ocean general circulation.
Financial Deepening and Innovation Efficiency: The Role of Political Institutions

This study investigates the effects of financial deepening on innovation efficiency for various democratic levels of political institutions using panel data from 69 countries spanning 1970–2010. Banking market deepening is associated with increased innovation efficiency only when political institutions are sufficiently democratic. In contrast, the enhancing effect of stock market deepening on innovation efficiency requires a lower level of political democracy. Furthermore, the results are stronger for countries with lower incomes than for countries with higher incomes. Our results are robust for the use of the instrumental variable approach and alternative measures for financial deepening, democracy, and innovation inputs. JEL Classification: E02, G20, O30 ADBI Working Paper 694 Ho, Huang, Shi, and Wu
Displacement mechanisms of slow-moving landslides in response to changes in porewater pressure and dynamic stress

Abstract. Although slow-moving landslides represent a substantial hazard, their detailed mechanisms are still comparatively poorly understood. We have conducted a suite of innovative laboratory experiments using novel equipment to simulate a range of porewater pressure and dynamic stress scenarios on samples collected from a slow-moving landslide complex in New Zealand. We have sought to understand how changes in porewater pressure and ground acceleration during earthquakes influence the movement patterns of slow-moving landslides. Our experiments show that during periods of elevated porewater pressure, displacement rates are influenced by two components: first an absolute stress state component (normal effective stress state) and second a transient stress state component (the rate of change of normal effective stress). During dynamic shear cycles, displacement rates are controlled by the extent to which the forces operating at the shear surface exceed the stress state at the yield acceleration point. The results indicate that during strong earthquake accelerations, strain will increase rapidly with relatively minor increases in the out-of-balance forces. Similar behaviour is seen for the generation of movement through increased porewater pressures. Our results show how the mechanisms of shear zone deformation control the movement patterns of large slow-moving translational landslides, and how they may be mobilised by strong earthquakes and significant rain events.
Trust, Reciprocity And Social Distance In China: An Experimental Investigation

We investigate the effects of social distance on both actual trusting and reciprocity behavior and beliefs about such behavior. Some participants participated in two financially salient trust games to measure behavior, one with a classmate and the other with a student who was a stranger, while others drawn from the same population completed hypothetical surveys to gauge beliefs and intentions. Actual behavior and beliefs about both one’s own and others’ behavior were statistically indistinguishable. The results together corroborated the expected negative relationship between trust and social distance. However, reciprocity, while proportional to trust, was not responsive to social distance.
Coring method of sampling potato tubers to detect ralstonia solanacearum.

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is considered among the most damaging diseases of potato in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, majority of farmers visually select and save seed from harvested potato tubers and reuse the same tubers for several seasons. Latently infected seed tubers which cannot be identified by visual inspection during certification further compounds the situation compelling the need for laboratory testing. The study evaluated the effectiveness of coring tuber samples to improve sampling efficiency for onward laboratory diagnosis. In this study, the coring method of sampling potato tubers for detection R. solanacearum was evaluated. Coring involves taking multiple tuber samples direct from the stolon attachment site into a collection tube containing extraction buffer that provides the extract for further diagnostic tests. Coring was assessed using field samples from different potato growing regions of Kenya including, Koibatek, Method Article Okiro et al.; JEAI, 14(3): 1-6, 2016; Article no.JEAI. 28550 2 Molo, Uasin Gishu, Bungoma and Kisii and tested using Nitrocellulose Membrane (NCM) ELISA. These results were compared to PCR, qPCR and LAMP. Coring method was statistically reliable (p>0.05) when compared to the standard sampling method used in Kenya to detect R. solanacearum. The coring of potato tubers is a reliable and quicker method of sampling that reduces the turnaround time of testing hence improving efficiency.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC RESPONSES AT THREE LEVELS OF BICYCLE SEAT HEIGHT

Recently, bicycle riding has become one of the most popular exercises. As the use time increased, the risk of pedalling injury raised. Holmes (1994) indicated that inappropriate bicycle saddle height could result in lower limbs injuries. The motivation of this study was to find out the best riding position that could effectively use energy from the physiology and electromyography measures. The oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and the muscle activity (electromyography, EMG) from rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) of lower limb were collected during a 6 min cycling trail in three different heights of bicycle saddle. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different types of bicycle seat heights and different perspectives of muscle activity and physiology’s parameters.
A contig-based microsatellite marker approach and its application in Cichorium ESTs.

Production of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a variety of different organisms continuously increased during the last two decades. Research has revealed that ESTs are potentially rich sources for development of microsatellite markers that reveal polymorphisms not only within the source organism, but in related taxa, as well. Conventional EST-microsatellite analyses generally use non-redundant ESTs, however, the use of non-redundant ESTs for the development of microsatellites faces several problems including the low level of polymorphisms, unavailability of microsatellite flanking regions for primer pairs development. In the present study a contig-based approach was used to improve the use of ESTs in microsatellite marker development. Contig-based approach was utilized in ESTs of Cichorium since there are 84,149 ESTs and the use of EST based microsatellite is not common in these crop species. Cichorium endivia L. and C. intybus L. are commercially important as leafy vegetable and extraction of inulin, coffee substitute or fructans. In the present study, microsatellite frequencies between two Cichorium were determined and found that microsatellite frequencies between the two species were different. Using the contig-based approach novel primer pairs were determined and used in a total of 12 feral and 4 cultivated Cichorium samples. Results indicated that contig-based approach provided several advantages over the conventional methods. Results of the present study revealed that contig-based approach will increase the availability of polymorphic microsatellite markers which could allow the investigation of the genetic variability and population structure of Cichorium species and provide the information needed to design appropriate breeding strategies.
Ion Export from a Small British Columbia Watershed After Forest Harvesting

A small coastal British Columbia lake was monitored before and after approximately 11% of the watershed was logged. There was an increase in the concentrations of most of the ions measured in the lake water after logging. Peak concentrations occurred two to three years after logging and most ions returned to background concentrations in fi ve to eight years. Two methods were used to estimate the increased export of ions resulting from the forest harvesting. The fi rst method used a water chemistry / hydrology watershed model, and the second used the changes in lake concentrations to calculate watershed input. The changes in ion concentrations and export varied with model and chemistry parameter with a change from a 1.3- to 4.2-fold increase for major cations and anions like calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride, to a 5- to 35-fold increase in ion export for nitrate and ammonium. The export of nitrogen from the watershed has implications for both water quality and future forest productivity. The measurement of lake ion increase is proposed as a general means of evaluating longer term change or disturbance in a watershed.