Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response error and the Medicaid undercount in the current population survey

OBJECTIVE To measure the Medicaid undercount and analyze response error in the 2007-2011 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC). DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Medicaid Statistical Information System (MSIS) 2006-2010 enrollment data linked to the 2007-2011 CPS ASEC person records. STUDY DESIGN By linking individuals across datasets, we analyze false-negative error and false-positive error in reports of Medicaid enrollment. We use regression analysis to identify factors associated with response error in the 2011 CPS ASEC. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We find that the Medicaid undercount in the CPS ASEC ranged between 22 and 31% from 2007 to 2011. In 2011, the false-negative rate was 40%, and 27% of Medicaid reports in CPS ASEC were false positives. False-negative error is associated with the duration of enrollment in Medicaid, enrollment in Medicare and private insurance, and Medicaid enrollment in the survey year. False-positive error is associated with enrollment in Medicare and shared Medicaid coverage in the household. CONCLUSIONS Survey estimates of Medicaid enrollment and estimates of the uninsured population are affected by both false-positive response error and false-negative response error, and these response errors are non-random.
A Novel Centralized Coded Caching Scheme With Coded Prefetching

For the caching problem, when the number of files is no larger than that of users, the best known rate-memory region is achieved by memory sharing between the rate-memory pairs obtained by three schemes: the scheme proposed by Yu <italic>et al.</italic>, the scheme proposed by Gomez-Vilardebo, and the scheme proposed by Tian and Chen. While the first two schemes operate on the binary field, the Tian–Chen scheme makes use of a finite field of order <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with, in some situations, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m\geq K\log _{2}(N)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for a caching systems with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> users and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> files. The practical implications of this increase in the size of the field are equivalent to an increase, by a factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, in the number of subfile partitions required. We propose a novel caching scheme that approaches the rate-memory region achieved by the Tian–Chen scheme as the number of users in the system increases, which only requires a field of order <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Effects on charge packets in XLPE: Field strength dependent formation and generation related to crosslinking temperatures

Knowledge on space charge formation and dynam- ics in polymeric insulation is of tremendous importance for characterization and design process of High Voltage Dirrect Current technology (HVDC) equipment. Accumulation of charge carriers may cause insulation degradation and aging by induced field distortion. Due to its advantageous mechanical, thermal and electrical properties crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) is the method of choice as main insulation material for extruded cables. One of the central questions focusing space charge behavior in XLPE is the phenomena of charge packets and its influence on material properties and performance. Against this background the effect of different crosslinking temperatures and thermal post-tratments on formation and generation of charge packets in XLPE are analyzed and discussed using pulsed electroacoustic method (PEA).
Compounding, Structure and Dielectric Properties of Silica-BOPP Nanocomposite Films

This study presents preliminary results on the morphology, structure and dielectric properties of laboratory scale cast and biaxially oriented silica-PP films, currently being developed in the European project GRIDABLE. Space charge measurements on the thick cast films indicated a reduction of positive space charge and faster depolarization characteristics upon inclusion of nano-silica, being indicative of reduction of trap depth and density distribution in comparison to neat PP. Likewise, for the biaxially oriented silica-PP thin films, increased amount of shallow traps and a reduction of concentration of traps in the deep trap range (∼ eV) were observed. Nano-silica was also found to reduce the dielectric loss at high temperatures in the frequency range appropriate to use. Such dielectric property modifications can potentially lead to benefits for insulation reliability and lifetime, especially at higher temperatures. A two-step compounding via a master batch approach was also found to be a viable option for the up-scaling of nanocomposite production.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms as Early Manifestation of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Declaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Somatosensory Stimulus Intensity Encoding in Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is clinically characterized by emotional instability, interpersonal disturbances and dysfunctional behavior such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). During NSSI, patients with BPD typically report analgesic or hypoalgesic phenomena, and pain perception and pain processing in BPD have been repeatedly investigated. Most of the studies so far focused on affective-motivational and cognitive-evaluative neural components of pain within categorial study designs. By contrast, rather basic somatosensory aspects such as neural intensity-encoding of somatosensory stimuli were not examined in further details. Thus, we investigated patients with BPD and healthy controls (HC) by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an unpleasant sensory stimulation task with parametrically increasing stimulus intensities. 15 females diagnosed with BPD and 15 HCs were investigated with fMRI during four individually adjusted levels of electrical stimulus intensities. Ratings of stimulus intensity were assessed by button presses during fMRI. fMRI-data were analyzed by analyses of variances (ANOVA) at a statistical threshold of p < 0.05 FWE-corrected on cluster level. Subjective ratings of stimulus intensities were alike between BPD and HC, and intensity levels identified with equal accuracy. Significant intensity-encoding neural activations were observed within the primary and secondary somtasensory cortex, the posterior insula, the posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) in both, HC and BPD. Notably, there were no significant between-groups differences in intensity-encoding neural activations, even at lowered significance thresholds. Present results suggest a similar neural somatosensory stimulus intensity encoding in BPD as previously observed on a behavioral level. The alterations in neural affective-motivational or cognitive-evaluative components reported so far may be restricted to pain rather than unpleasant stimulus processing and were absent in our study.
Tracking the Progression of Sulfur Corrosion in Transformer Oil Using Thin Film Sacrificial Copper Strip

In this work, thin film sacrificial copper strips are introduced as sensors to provide a direct indication on the corrosiveness of insulating oils. The progression of sulfur corrosion in transformer insulating oils was simulated by adding different concentrations of dibenzyl disulfide into glass Petri dishes, each containing 40 mL of non-corrosive oil. The resistive thin film copper strips were deposited onto a glass substrate using an electron beam evaporator and the strips were then immersed into the corrosive oil samples. The samples were aged in a forced convection laboratory oven at 130 °C for 20 h. The material loss due to the presence of corrosive compounds was monitored by measuring the resistance of the thin film copper strips using four-wire resistance measurements. The preliminary results reveal that the corrosive by-products (due to the breakdown of dibenzyl disulfide) accelerates the corrosion of the thin film copper strips, as evidenced from the amount of copper loss on the surface of the strips. This increases the resistance values of the thin film copper strips. Based on the variations in the resistance of the thin film copper strips, one can infer the level of sulfur corrosion in transformer insulating oils.
Roles for Kisspeptin in proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial cells isolated from mice offspring when the cells are cocultured with somatic cells

Kisspeptin (Kp) expression in testis has caused most of the recent research surveying its functional role in this organ. This peptide influences spermatogenesis and sperm capacitation, so it is considered as a regulator of reproduction. Kp roles exert through hypothalamic/pituitary/gonadal axis. We aimed to evaluate direct roles for Kp on proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial cells (SCs) when the cells are cocultured with somatic cells. Somatic cells and SCs were isolated from adult azoospermic and newborn mice and then enriched using a differential attachment technique. After the evaluation of identity and colonization for SCs, the cells were cocultured with somatic cells, and three doses of Kp (10−8‐10−6 M) was assessed on proliferation (through evaluation of MVH and ID4 markers) and differentiation (via evaluation of c‐Kit and SCP3, TP1, TP2, and, Prm1 markers) of the coculture system. Investigations were continued for four succeeding weeks. At the end of each level of testosterone in the culture media was also evaluated. We found positive influence from Kp on proliferative and differentiative markers in SCs cocultured with somatic cells. These effects were dose‐dependent. There was no effect for Kp on testosterone level. From our findings, we simply conclude that Kp as a neuropeptide for influencing central part of reproductive axis could also positively affect peripheral processes related to spermatogenesis without having an effect on steroidogenesis.
The Reliability of Neurological Measurement in the Vastus Medialis: Implications for Research and Practice

The integrity of the corticomotor pathway is paramount in the optimal functioning of skeletal muscle. However, variability of neurophysiological assessment via peripheral nerve and transcranial magnetic stimulation can render interpretation difficult. Seldom evidence exists regarding the reliability of such measurements in the leg extensors, which have important locomotive and functional roles. This study aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of peripheral, corticospinal and intracortical responses in the vastus medialis. Transcranial magnetic and direct current electrical nerve stimulation were delivered to sixteen healthy young adults (8M and 8F) on two separate occasions. The Hoffmann reflex, maximal compound wave, motor evoked potential, corticospinal silent period, intracortical facilitation, and short-interval intracortical inhibition were recorded from the vastus medialis at rest, and during controlled submaximal voluntary contraction. Relative reliability was quantified using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC2,1). Absolute reliability was quantified using standard error of measurement (SEm) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Corticospinal silent period, corticospinal silent period/motor evoked potential ratio, active motor evoked potential, maximal Hoffman reflex, and passive short-interval intracortical inhibition demonstrated “good to excellent” relative reliability (ICC ≥ 0.643). Intracortical facilitation demonstrated the lowest relative reliability (ICC = 0.420–0.908). Corticospinal silent period displayed the lowest absolute reliability (SEm ≤ 18.68%). Good reliability of the maximal compound wave, Hoffman reflex, motor evoked potential, and corticospinal silent period allow for reliable neurological evaluation of peripheral and corticospinal pathways in the vastus medialis. Future research should investigate reliability of the intracortical (short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation) measures by using different paired-pulse stimulus parameters. These findings hold important implications for neurophysiological assessment conducted in the leg extensor group.
Breaking Through the Speed-Power-Accuracy Tradeoff in ADCs Using a Memristive Neuromorphic Architecture

The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is a principal component in every data acquisition system. Unfortunately, modern ADCs tradeoff speed, power, and accuracy. In this paper, novel neuroinspired approaches are used to design a smart ADC that could be trained in real time for general purpose applications and break through conventional ADC limitations. Motivated by artificial intelligent learning algorithms and neural network architectures, the proposed ADC integrates emerging memristor technology with CMOS. We design a trainable four-bit ADC with a memristive neural network that implements the online gradient descent algorithm. This supervised machine learning algorithm fits multiple application specifications such as full-scale voltage ranges and sampling frequencies. Theoretical analysis, as well as simulation results, demonstrate highly powerful collective properties, including reconfiguration, mismatch self-calibration, adaptation to dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, noise tolerance, and power consumption optimization. The proposed ADC achieves 8.25 fJ/conv FOM, 3.7 ENOB, 0.4 LSB INL, and 0.5 LSB DNL. These promising properties make it a leading contender for general purpose and emerging data driven applications.
Marginal Policy Gradients: A Unified Family of Estimators for Bounded Action Spaces with Applications

Many complex domains, such as robotics control and real-time strategy (RTS) games, require an agent to learn a continuous control. In the former, an agent learns a policy over $\mathbb{R}^d$ and in the latter, over a discrete set of actions each of which is parametrized by a continuous parameter. Such problems are naturally solved using policy based reinforcement learning (RL) methods, but unfortunately these often suffer from high variance leading to instability and slow convergence. Unnecessary variance is introduced whenever policies over bounded action spaces are modeled using distributions with unbounded support by applying a transformation $T$ to the sampled action before execution in the environment. Recently, the variance reduced clipped action policy gradient (CAPG) was introduced for actions in bounded intervals, but to date no variance reduced methods exist when the action is a direction, something often seen in RTS games. To this end we introduce the angular policy gradient (APG), a stochastic policy gradient method for directional control. With the marginal policy gradients family of estimators we present a unified analysis of the variance reduction properties of APG and CAPG; our results provide a stronger guarantee than existing analyses for CAPG. Experimental results on a popular RTS game and a navigation task show that the APG estimator offers a substantial improvement over the standard policy gradient.
T-cell Composition in Ileal and Colonic Creeping Fat – Separating Ileal from Colonic Crohn’s Disease

Background and Aims Creeping fat [CF] is a hyperplasia of adipose tissue adjacent to inflamed intestine in Crohn's disease [CD]. Data from genome-wide association studies [GWAS] distinguished Crohn's colitis from ileal CD and ulcerative colitis [UC]. This study analysed the T-cell compartments of ileal and colonic mesenteric fat and corresponding mucosa to provide cellular proof for the suggested GWAS classification. Methods Samples were obtained from 34 CD or UC patients. Cells were analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, and tissue cytokine release was assessed by cytometric bead array. Results Only ileal CF revealed the distinct adipocyte hyperplasia combined with dense T-cell infiltration and fibrosis; colonic fat from CD and UC patients lacked these findings. T-cell subpopulations differed between mesenteric fat in ileal CD, colonic CD and UC: ileal CF had nearly 10 times more T-cells than colonic fat. The proportions of regulatory and central memory T-cells were significantly higher in ileal CF compared with colonic fat in CD and UC. In all groups, the mucosal T-cell compartment was distinct from the mesenteric fat. Remarkably, correlation between disease activity and proportion of pro- and anti-inflammatory T-cell subpopulations was inverse, comparing ileal and colonic fat in CD. Conclusions This first in-depth analysis of the T-cell compartment in ileal and colonic mesenteric adipose tissue in CD and UC identifies a unique T-cell niche in the ileal mesenteric fat tissue in CD. From a clinical point of view, our findings underscore the novel concept of colonic and ileal CD as distinct IBD entities.
Bireysel Yenilikçilik ve Algılanan Örgütsel Destek Düzeyi İlişkisi: İstanbul Otelleri Örneği

Bu calismada bireysel yenilikcilik ve algilanan orgutsel destek duzeyi iliskisi incelenmistir. Bu amacla Istanbul ilinde (Beyoglu, Şisli ve Fatih) faaliyet gosteren 3-4 ve 5 yildizli otel isletmeleri calisanlarindan anket yoluyla toplanan veriler cesitli istatistiki analizlere tabi tutulmustur. Arastirma sonuclari otel isletmelerinde calisan bireylerin yenilikcilige istekli olduklarini veya olabileceklerini gosterirken, bireysel yenilikcilik ile algilanan orgutsel destek arasinda ise pozitif yonde anlamli bir iliskiyi teyit etmektedir.
On the Numerical Accuracy of Electromagnetic Transient Simulation With Power Electronics

This paper investigates the numerical accuracy of currently employed methods for electromagnetic transient simulation with power electronics. Existing tools often employ the second-order accurate trapezoidal method for numerical integration. However, solution techniques employed to facilitate ideal power-electronic switches do not always preserve this second-order accuracy at switch events. As a result, the step size required to achieve the desired level of accuracy is often smaller than expected, affecting simulation speed. Therefore, this paper aims to assess and improve the tradeoff between step size and accuracy. First, currently employed solution techniques are reviewed by deriving asymptotic estimates of the rates at which approximation errors decrease as the step size reduces. Afterward, a benchmark method is proposed that preserves second-order accuracy at switch events. The tools EMTP-RV and PSCAD are compared with this benchmark method for elementary circuit examples. The results demonstrate the potential to improve accuracy, by several orders of magnitude in some cases, without increasing the number of linear systems to be solved.
Transforming Retinal Photographs to Entropy Images in Deep Learning to Improve Automated Detection for Diabetic Retinopathy

Entropy images, representing the complexity of original fundus photographs, may strengthen the contrast between diabetic retinopathy (DR) lesions and unaffected areas. The aim of this study is to compare the detection performance for severe DR between original fundus photographs and entropy images by deep learning. A sample of 21,123 interpretable fundus photographs obtained from a publicly available data set was expanded to 33,000 images by rotating and flipping. All photographs were transformed into entropy images using block size 9 and downsized to a standard resolution of 100 × 100 pixels. The stages of DR are classified into 5 grades based on the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale: Grade 0 (no DR), Grade 1 (mild nonproliferative DR), Grade 2 (moderate nonproliferative DR), Grade 3 (severe nonproliferative DR), and Grade 4 (proliferative DR). Of these 33,000 photographs, 30,000 images were randomly selected as the training set, and the remaining 3,000 images were used as the testing set. Both the original fundus photographs and the entropy images were used as the inputs of convolutional neural network (CNN), and the results of detecting referable DR (Grades 2–4) as the outputs from the two data sets were compared. The detection accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of using the original fundus photographs data set were 81.80%, 68.36%, 89.87%, respectively, for the entropy images data set, and the figures significantly increased to 86.10%, 73.24%, and 93.81%, respectively (all p values <0.001). The entropy image quantifies the amount of information in the fundus photograph and efficiently accelerates the generating of feature maps in the CNN. The research results draw the conclusion that transformed entropy imaging of fundus photographs can increase the machinery detection accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of referable DR for the deep learning-based system.
Strain Responses of Superconducting Magnets Based on Embedded Polymer-FBG and Cryogenic Resistance Strain Gauge Measurements

Large Lorentz forces commonly arise from the intense field and high current in superconducting coils, which can induce maximum stress up to several hundred megapascal (MPa) in magnets. It is a big challenge in compact high-field magnets with small mechanical margin during energization. In this paper, the mechanical characteristics and strain responses of two superconducting magnets with different configurations and low-temperature superconducting (LTS) materials are investigated experimentally during their excitation process and quench events. To explore the strain behavior in the magnets, several cryogenic resistance strain gauges (CRSGs) and homemade polymer-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are used for measurements. The strain responses during excitation and quench training tests of the two LTS magnets are recorded to show that both measurement techniques have good precision and repeatability. Compared to the CRSG with complex compensation bridges, the polymer-FBG sensors exhibit more advantages like smaller size, noncircuit compensation, and insensitivity to electromagnetic interferences, and most important of all is that the polymer-FBG can be embedded in coils with good survival to measure the internal strain in the magnets. Based on FEM, we further calculated the electromagnetic field and deformation of the two magnets, and the predicted results show good agreement with the experimental data.