Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory response following intranasal infection with Mycobacterium avium complex: role of T-cell subsets and gamma interferon

The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the response to intranasal infection with a Mycobacterium avium complex isolate (MAC) was investigated. Depletion of CD4+ T cells by injected antibody exacerbated infection in the lung, spleen, and liver. There were decreased numbers of inflammatory cells in the lungs of CD4-depleted mice and a significant decrease in lung cytotoxic activity. The neutrophil response was unaffected, and in CD4-depleted mice, unlike intact infected mice, these cells were found with large numbers of associated MAC. Purified CD4+ splenic T cells produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in vitro in response to MAC antigen. IFN-gamma production by cultured spleen, lung, or mediastinal lymph node cells was markedly reduced in CD4-depleted mice. In contrast, CD8+ T cells did not produce IFN-gamma in vitro, and depletion of CD8+ T cells from infected mice had no effect on bacterial growth or lung cell activation. Depletion of IFN-gamma by injected monoclonal antibody had effects similar to those of CD4 depletion, namely, exacerbation of infection and decreased lung cell cytotoxicity. We conclude that CD4+ T cells are the main T cells involved in the lung response to MAC infection and that this response is at least partially dependent on the production of IFN-gamma.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FACTORS ON THE GROWTH EFFICIENCY OF RICE SEEDLINGS

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of salt solution, and size and ageing of seeds on growth efficiency of rice seedlings. Variation in growth efficiency due to different factors was significant. Seeds of Pokkali, BRRI dhan 29, BRRI dhan 40 and BRRI dhan 41 rice genotypes were used. Growth efficiency and other seedling characteristics decreased as salinity levels increased. Three varieties of rice BR 14, BRRI dhan 28 and BR 1, which are large, medium and small grain variety, respectively, were used to study the effect of seed size on growth efficiency and seedling growth. All the parameters decreased remarkably with decreasing seed size. Seed size influenced the growth efficiency significantly. For accelerated ageing test five varieties of freshly harvested seeds were used. The tested varieties responded differently for growth efficiency. When the ageing treatments were extended to 72 hours the growth efficiency depressed markedly for most of the varieties. Introduction At initial stage of seedling growth, growth of coleoptile and subsequent leaves is largely dependent on the seed reserve in the endosperm (Yoshida 1981). The growth efficiency (GE) indicates how much of the substrate is converted into the constituents of new tissues. It also evaluates the quantitative relationship between photosynthesis, respiration and growth (Tanaka and Yamaguchi 1968, Yamaguchi 1978). Yamaguchi and Tanaka (1995) observed that growth efficiency is almost constant during the actively growing stage, about 60-65%, but it decreases with the advancement of growth and becomes very insifnificant at the end of plant growth. Yoshida (1981) stated that temperature changes the rate of growth but not the efficiency. Salinity causes reduction in seedling growth. Increasing level of salinity cause loss in dry weight of seedling as well as reduction in length of root and shoot (Dubey and Rani 1989). Observations revealed that small seed sizes of groundnut produced significantly shorter seedlings than those produced from large seeds (Hossain et al. 2001). Roberts (1981) found that severe damage to seed during ageing leads to reduced vigor and the production of abnormal seedlings. A number of laboratory experiments were carried out to observe whether the growth efficiency remains constant or not if different factors are imposed on rice seed. Considering the factors: salinity, size of the seeds and accelerated ageing of seeds, three consecutive laboratory experiments were undertaken to observe (i) the effect of different salinity levels on growth efficiency, (ii) the effect of seed size on seedling growth, and (iii) the effects of accelerated ageing on growth efficiency of rice. Materials and Methods The research was carried out at the Plant Physiology division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh during April to June, 2002. Corresponding author. E-mail: munnujan@dhaka.net
Función ejecutiva en niños y niñas adoptados internacionalmente y su relación con el desarrollo socioemocional

La adopcion internacional se ha convertido en las dos ultimas decadas en un fenomeno de gran relevancia en Espana, que a pesar de haberse incorporado relativamente tarde a la adopcion internacional, experimento una tasa de crecimiento superior al resto de paises europeos. En total, mas de 50.000 menores han llegado a Espana procedentes de adopcion internacional entre 1998 y 2013, siendo los principales paises de origen China y Rusia, que representan aproximadamente la mitad de los ninos adoptados en Espana. Un gran porcentaje de estos ninos han pasado por experiencias adversas antes de llegar a su familia adoptiva, por lo que el estudio de esta poblacion nos permite analizar el impacto de determinadas experiencias, como el maltrato y la institucionalizacion, en su desarrollo posterior. Una gran cantidad de investigaciones ha tratado de responder a que ocurre con estos ninos tras su adopcion. En este ambito, ha surgido una novedosa linea de investigacion en el contexto de la adopcion se ha centrado en el estudio de la FE, que es el objeto de estudio del presente trabajo de investigacion y que permite integrar las diversas tradiciones investigadoras en torno a la adopcion. Este trabajo de investigacion ha partido de tres objetivos, a los que pretende dar respuesta. El primer objetivo ha sido examinar la ejecucion en distintos componentes de la FE (atencion selectiva, planificacion, inhibicion de la respuesta y memoria de trabajo) en ninos adoptados internacionalmente por familias espanolas, respecto a dos grupos de comparacion, un grupo de ninos bajo la medida de proteccion de acogimiento residencial, y otro grupo de ninos que crecen con sus familias biologicas, sin contacto con el sistema de proteccion de menores. La ejecucion en los indicadores de FE tambien se van a analizar en funcion de la presencia o ausencia de experiencia familiar previa a la institucionalizacion. El segundo objetivo ha consistido en identificar las variables sociodemograficas, evolutivas y relacionadas con la adopcion y su historia previa que puedan estar relacionadas con el desempeno en los procesos ejecutivos analizados. Por ultimo, el tercer objetivo se ha centrado en examinar el desarrollo de los menores en las areas cognitiva y socioemocional, y explorar la relacion entre dichas areas y los procesos ejecutivos evaluados.
Stigmatising attitudes towards people with mental disorders: A comparison of Australian health professionals with the general community

Objective: The aim of this paper was to explore attitudes towards people with mental disorders among Australian health professionals (psychiatrists, psychologists and general practitioners (GPs)) and to compare their attitudes with members of the general community. Methods: The study involved a postal survey of 518 GPs, 506 psychiatrists and 498 clinical psychologists and a telephone survey of 6019 members of the general community. Participants were given a case vignette describing a person with either depression, depression with suicidal thoughts, early schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or social phobia and two questionnaires to assess stigmatising attitudes (the Depression Stigma Scale and the Social Distance Scale). Exploratory structural equation modelling was used to elucidate the structure of stigma as measured by the two scales, to establish dimensions of stigma and to compare patterns of association according to gender, age, vignette and professional grouping. Results: The measurement characteristics of stigmatising attitudes in health professionals were found to be comparable to those in members of the general community in social distance and also in personal and perceived attitude stigma, with each forming distinct dimensions and each comprising ‘Weak-not-sick’ and ‘Dangerous/unpredictable’ components. Among health professionals, female gender, age and being a GP were associated with higher scores on the personal stigma scales. Mental health professionals had lower scores on the personal ‘Weak-not-sick’ and ‘Dangerous/unpredictable’ scales than members of the general community, while there were no significant differences in the desire for social distance between health professionals and the general community. Conclusions: While mental health professionals have less stigmatising attitudes than the general public, the greater beliefs in dangerousness and personal weakness by GPs should be addressed.
TERMINALIA CHEBULA : A TREATMENT AGAINST PATHOGENIC PROTEUS VULGARIS STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Terminalia chebula was used t o find out the new s ort of treatment for the urinary tract infections caused by Proteus vulgaris. The causative agent was identified as Proteus vulgaris by s taining and biochemical methods. It is responsible to cause u rinary tract infection and most of strains show the resist ance against the broad spectrum antibiotics : Ceftazidime (30μg) , Ofloxacin (50μg) , Norfloxacin (30μg), Tetracycline (30μg), Ampicillin (30μg), Chloramphenicol (25μg) and Gentamycin (20μg). The preparation of seed powders and antibacterial activity of Termi nalia chebula was carried out . The acetone and ethanol fruits extracts of Terminalia chebula sh owed good antibacterial activities and killed the resistant urinary tract associated pathogens of Proteus vulgaris strains. The ethanol extracts of fruit Termina lia chebula showed the superior antibacterial activity than the acetone extracts of Terminalia chebula . The minimal inhibitory concentrations of acetone and ethanol extracts of Terminalia chebula were effective to inhibit the urinary tract pathogenic Prote us vulgaris strains at low concentration. Thus Terminalia chebula fruit can be used as medicinal import ant fruit to over come the urinary tract diseases.
Correlation of Sonographic and Electrophysiological Findings in a Patient with Multifocal Motor Neuropathy

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is an acquired, immune mediated, and commonly associated with antiganglioside antibodies against GM1 lower motor neuropathy, with an incidence of 1 per 100,000. The usual age of onset is between 20 and 50 years and men appear to be more often affected than women. Patients usually present with multifocal weakness that can be localized to named nerve distributions.
Observations on the mode of infection of the hump of cattle by Stephenofilaria assamensis in East Pakistan.

Although hump sore of cattle has long been known, the information available on this subject is rather meager. The genus Stephenofilaria was first established by Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg (1933) and up to this time only 4 species have been created. Stephanofilaria assamensis is the name given by D. Pande (1936) in Assam where he collected some filarias from hump sore of cattle. The following data were collected in a survey of cattle in East Pakistan. It was also observed that the percentage of infection with hump sore is greater in the preserves, corrals, and dairy farms than in villages. Imported Sindhi and Hariana cattle are more susceptible than the local breed.
Infiltration into fractured bedrock

One potential consequence of global climate change and rapid changes in land use is an increased risk of flooding. Proper understanding of floodwater infiltration thus becomes a crucial component of our preparedness to meet the environmental challenges of projected climate change. In this paper, we present the results of a long‐term infiltration experiment performed on fractured ash flow tuff. Water was released from a 3 × 4 m2 infiltration plot (divided into 12 square subplots) with a head of ∼0.04 m, over a period of ∼800 days. This experiment revealed peculiar infiltration patterns not amenable to current infiltration models, which were originally developed for infiltration into soils over a short duration. In particular, we observed that in part of the infiltration plot, the infiltration rate abruptly increased a few weeks into the infiltration tests. We suggest that these anomalies result from increases in fracture permeability during infiltration, which may be caused by swelling of clay fillings and/or erosion of infill debris. Interaction of the infiltration water with subsurface natural cavities (lithophysal cavities) could also contribute to such anomalies. This paper provides a conceptual model that partly describes the observed infiltration patterns in fractured rock and highlights some of the pitfalls associated with direct extension of soil infiltration models to fractured rock over a long period.
Pathologic Features of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

We describe the pathologic features in surgically excised lung tissue specimens from 18 cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). The main abnormalities involved bronchi and bronchioles. All cases showed bronchocentric granulomatosis (BCG), mucoid impaction of bronchi (MIB), or both. The impacted mucin of MIB contained large numbers of eosinophils and Charcot–Leyden crystals. A distinctive exudative bronchiolitis was present distal to areas of BCG in 13 cases. This lesion was characterized by filling of bronchiolar lumens with necrotic neutrophils and eosinophils in a basophilic mucinous exudate. A peribronchiolar chronic inflammatory infiltrate was seen in 15 cases; eosinophils were prominent in 10 of these cases. Foci of eosinophilic pneumonia were seen in 13 cases, and noninvasive fungal hyphae were identified in 14. We conclude that the finding of BCG or MIB, or a combination of both, especially in conjunction with tissue eosinophilia, should suggest the diagnosis of ABPA. When noninvasive fungal hyphae are also present, the changes are diagnostic of ABPA or a related allergic fungal reaction.
RaÏebné a financování centrální banky

Snahou nasledujiciho pfiispuvku je ukazat na spojitosti mezi standardnimi finaanimi vokazy centralni banky (tj. jeji bilanci a vosledovkou) a konceptem tzv. raIebneho z ekonomicke literatury. Zamufiime se na dvu nejjednodu‰‰i definice raIebneho, ktere maji pfiimou souvislost s finananimi vokazy centralni banky. Prvni aast alanku se zabova amonetarnim raIebnom“ ve vztahu k bilanci centralni banky. Druha aast je pak vunovana analoze tzv. araIebneho v podobu nakladU u‰le pfiileIitosti“, ktere ma svUj odraz v hospodafiskem vosledku centralni banky. Teoreticke poznatky jsou v obou aastech aplikovany na konkretnim pfiikladu âNB v letech 1993—99. Tfieti aast alanku je vunovana ‰ir‰im definicim raIebneho na bazi hotovostniho toku (cash-flow) — tzv. afiskalni raIebne“, acelkove raIebne“ apod. Na vyvinuti a empirickou aplikaci tuchto ‰ir‰ich konceptU raIebneho se buhem 90. let soustfiedila svutova ekonomicka literatura (v aele s M. Neumannem) i nuktere pfiispuvky v aeske literatufie. Hlavni cil tohoto alanku je v‰ak pfiesnu opaano — ukazat, Ie tyto ‰ir‰i koncepty raIebneho lze povaIovat za teoreticky malo opodstatnune a matouci. âtvrta aast alanku shrnuje hlavni poznatky. 1. Bilance centralni banky a monetarni raIebne Vyjdume ze schematicke bilance centralni banky zachycene v tabulce 1. V teto bilanci jsou — oproti buIne uaetni praxi — konsolidovana nuktera aktiva a pasiva tak, aby na stranu aktiv staly aiste pohledavky centralni banky vUai zahraniai, vladu a soukromemu sektoru. âista zahraniani aktiva pfiedstavuji rozdil mezi devizovomi rezervami a devizovomi zavazky centralni banky. DrIba devizovoch rezerv odraIi specifickou roli centralni banky pfii zaji‰Oovani mezinarodni smunitelnosti domaci muny, stabilizaci jejiho munoveho kurzu vUai jinom munam apod. âisto dluh vlady vUai centralni bance je rozdilem mezi aktivy centralni banky vUai vladu (statni pokladniani poukazky, uvury vefiejnom institucim apod.) a jejimi zavazky vUai vladu (prostfiedky na uatu statniho rozpoatu, FNM
Protein Palmitoylation and Its Role in Bacterial and Viral Infections

S-palmitoylation is a reversible, enzymatic posttranslational modification of proteins in which palmitoyl chain is attached to a cysteine residue via a thioester linkage. S-palmitoylation determines the functioning of proteins by affecting their association with membranes, compartmentalization in membrane domains, trafficking, and stability. In this review, we focus on S-palmitoylation of proteins, which are crucial for the interactions of pathogenic bacteria and viruses with the host. We discuss the role of palmitoylated proteins in the invasion of host cells by bacteria and viruses, and those involved in the host responses to the infection. We highlight recent data on protein S-palmitoylation in pathogens and their hosts obtained owing to the development of methods based on click chemistry and acyl-biotin exchange allowing proteomic analysis of protein lipidation. The role of the palmitoyl moiety present in bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoproteins, contributing to infectivity and affecting recognition of bacteria by innate immune receptors, is also discussed.
Periodontal Disease and its Association with Angiographically Verified Coronary Artery Disease.

PURPOSE The aim of this research was to investigate the association of chronic and aggressive periodontitis with the severity of coronary artery disease which was angiographically verified. MATERIAL AND METHODS Subjects were selected among the hospitalized patients at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb who had coronary angiography done because of the chest pain. Thorough clinical examination included periodontal indices and clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of participants. Subjects were divided in two test groups, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD), and the control group with no significant CAD. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson's Chi-Square test. RESULTS From 106 subjects, 66 (62.3%) were hospitalized for ACS, 22 (20.7%) had stable CAD and only 18 (17.0%) had no significant CAD. Only 26 (24.5%) out of 106 patients were never smokers (p<0.05). Chronic periodontitis was the most common finding with 68.2% in ACS group and 54.5% in stable CAD group, while healthy patients without periodontitis (72.6%) were dominant in the control group (p<0.001). Stable CAD group had the highest mean probing depth (PD) 3.92±1.16, gingival recession (GR) 1.34±0.78, clinical attachment level (CAL) 4.60±1.41 and bleeding on probing (BOP) 45.98±26.19 values, whereas ACS group had mean PD value of 3.77±0.91, GR 1.11±0.66, CAL 4.32±1.08 and BOP 41.30±22.09, and no significant CAD group had mean PD value of 3.27±0.97, GR 0.69±0.37, CAL 3.62±1.04 and BOP 26.39±13.92 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Periodontitis was shown to be associated with angiographically verified coronary artery disease. Physical inactivity, poor oral hygiene and periodontal inflammation were observed in patients with ACS and stable CAD.
Antibiofilm activity of irrigating solutions associated with cetrimide. Confocal laser scanning microscopy.

AIM To evaluate the antibiofilm activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) solutions associated with cetrimide (CTR), and QMiX using confocal laser scanning microscopy. METHODOLOGY Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC- 29212) biofilms were induced on bovine dentine blocks for 14 days. The dentine blocks containing biofilm were immersed for 1 min in the following solutions: 2.5% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% CTR; 2% CHX; 2% CHX + 0.2% CTR; 0.2% CTR; QMiX. After contact with the solutions, the dentine blocks were stained with Live/Dead(®) BacLight for analysis of the remaining biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscope. Images were evaluated using the BioImage_L software to determine the total biovolume (μm(3) ), the green biovolume (live cells) (μm(3) ) and the percentage of substrate coverage (%). The data were subjected to nonparametric statistical test using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests at 5% significance level. RESULTS After exposure to irrigants, the total biovolume observed for CHX, CHX+CTR, CTR, QMiX was similar to distilled water (P > 0.05). NaOCl and NaOCl+CTR had the lowest total and green biovolume. The CTR and QMiX had intermediate green biovolume, with greater antibacterial activity than CHX and CHX+CTR (P < 0.05). The NaOCl and NaOCl+CTR solutions were associated with microorganism removal and substrate cleaning ability. CONCLUSIONS NaOCl and NaOCl+CTR solutions were effective on microorganism viability and were able to eliminate biofilm. The addition of cetrimide did not influence antibacterial activity.
Reconstruction, Binding Theory, and the Interpretation of Chains

This article investigates interactions between the scope of QPs and the restrictions imposed by binding theory. It presents new evidence that Condition C applies at (and only at) LF and demonstrates that this condition can serve as a powerful tool for distinguishing among various claims regarding the nature of LF and the inventory of semantic mechanisms. The conclusions reached are these: (1) Scope reconstruction is represented in the syntax (semantic type-shifting operations are very limited). (2) -chains have the following properties: (a) Scope reconstruction results from deleting the head of the chain and interpreting a copy at the tail. (b) Non-scope-reconstruction results from interpreting the head of the chain with a copy of the restrictor at the tail (unless this option is impossible, as in antecedent-contained deletion, in which case the copy is changed to a variable as in standard notations). (c) VP adjunction is an intermediate landing site. (3) A-chains are different in a way that at the moment requires a stipulative distinction.