Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A complete conformational map for RNA.

A simple stereochemical framework for understanding RNA structure has remained elusive to date. We present a comprehensive conformational map for two nucleoside-5',3'-diphosphates and for a truncated dinucleotide derived from a grid search of all potential conformers using hard sphere steric exclusion criteria to define allowed conformers. The eight-dimensional conformational space is presented as a series of two-dimensional projections. These projections reveal several well-defined allowed and disallowed regions which correlate well with data obtained from X-ray crystallography of both large and small RNA molecules. Furthermore, the two-dimensional projections show that consecutive and ribose ring-proximal torsion angles are interdependent, while more distant torsion angles are not. Remarkably, using steric criteria alone, it is possible to generate a predictive conformational map for RNA.
Mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy: A 12-year follow-up

Short- and long-term skeletal changes after mandibular setback were analyzed using bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Twelve patients who had undergone mandibular setback surgery between 1986 and 1990 were available for long-term cephalography on average 12 years after primary surgery. The mean amount of surgical setback had been 6.4 mm. After the first postoperative year, there was skeletal relapse of 1 mm at the B-point and pogonion (Pg), amounting to 14% of the initial skeletal setback. In contrast to condylar displacement and proximal segment rotation, osteotomy slippage was associated with positional changes at the B-point and Pg. From 1 to 12 years postoperatively, the B-point and Pg remained stable. Mandibular ramus and corpus length decreased 2.1 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively, indicating remodeling at the osteotomy sites and probably condylar resorption.
Cytokine treatment of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes.

HE INHERITED bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes T are rare hematologic disorders characterized by reduced BM production of blood cells resulting in peripheral blood cytopenia(s). Patients with these disorders usually present in infancy or childhood with cytopenias involving one or more hematopoietic lineages (Table 1). There is a great deal of heterogeneity within each disease in terms of presentation, response to therapy, and outcome. However, some general-izations can be made. Children with Fanconi's anemia (FA), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (AMT), and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) often progress to severe pancytopenia, whereas patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN), Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), and thrombocytopenia with absent radii (TAR) do not. All of the diseases except TAR and DC are associated with an increased incidence of myeloid leukemias. used these disorders the only those patients or successful
On the V-type asteroids outside the Vesta family. II. Is (21238) 1995 WV7 a fragment of the long-lost basaltic crust of (15) Eunomia?

Context. The V-type asteroids are associated with basaltic composition. Apart from (1459) Magnya, an asteroid that is clearly dynamically and mineralogically unconnected to the Vesta family, all currently known V-type asteroids are either members of the Vesta family, or are hypothesized to be former members of the dynamical family that migrated to their current orbital positions. The recent identification of (21238) 1995 WV7 as a V-type asteroid introduces the possibility that a second basaltic asteroid not connected with the Vesta family exists. This asteroid is on the opposite side of the 3:1 mean motion resonance with respect to Vesta, and it would be very unlikely that a member of the Vesta family of its size (D > 5 km) migrating via either the Yarkovsky effect or repeated close encounters with Vesta survived the passage through such a resonance. Aims. In this work we investigate the possibility that (21238) 1995 WV7 originated as a fragment of the parent body of the Eunomia family and then migrated via the interplay of the Yarkovsky effect and some powerful nonlinear secular resonances, such as the (s - s 6 ) - (g 5 - g 6 ). If (15) Eunomia is, as claimed, a differentiated object whose originally pyroxene-enriched crust layer was lost in a collision that either created the Eunomia family or preceded its formation, can (21238) be a fragment of its long-lost basaltic crust that migrated to the current position? Methods. We mapped the phase space around (21238) and determined which of the nonlinear secular resonances that we identified are stronger and more capable of having caused the current difference in proper i between (21238) and members of the Eunomia family. We simulated the Yarkovsky effect by using the SWIFT-RMVSY integrator. Results. Our results suggest that it is possible to migrate from the Eunomia dynamical family to the current orbital location of (21238) via the interplay of the Yarkovsky effect and the (s - s 6 ) - (g 5 - g 6 ) nonlinear secular resonance, on time-scales of at least 2.6 Gyr. Conclusions. (15) Eunomia might be the third currently known parent body for V-type asteroids.
T‐cell‐mediated and antigen‐dependent differentiation of human monocyte into different dendritic cell subsets: a feedback control of Th1/Th2 responses

It is well established that human monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) when cultured with certain cytokine cocktails, such as granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and inter‐leukin‐4. Conversely, it is not completely established which cell population synthesizes the cytokines required for monocyte differentiation and how their secretion is regulated. We show that on specific activation T cells induce the differentiation into DCs of antigen‐presenting and bystander monocytes. Monocytes exposed to cytokines released by Th1 and Th0 lymphocytes differentiate into DCs with a reduced antigen uptake and antigen presentation capacity. Moreover, these DCs show a limited capacity to induce Th1 polarization of naive T cells but are capable of priming interleukin‐10‐secreting T cells. Conversely, DCs derived from monocytes sensing cytokines released by Th2 lymphocytes are antigen‐presenting‐cell (APC) endowed with a marked Th1 polarization capacity. Monocytes are corecruited with lymphocytes in chronic inflammation sites; thus our results suggest that functionally different DCs can be generated in environments characterized by the prevalent release of Th1‐, Th0‐, or Th2‐associated cytokines. Because the APC capacities of these DCs have opposite functional consequences, a contribution in the regulation of the ongoing immune response by monocyte‐derived inflammatory DCs is envisaged. —Mariotti, S. , Sargentini, V. , Marcantonio, C. , Todero, E. , Teloni, R. , Gagliardi, M. C. , Ciccaglione, A. R. , Nisini, R. T‐cell‐mediated and antigen‐dependent differentiation of human monocyte into different dendritic cell subsets: a feedback control of Th1/Th2 responses. FASEB J. 22, 3370–3379 (2008)
Detection of plasmid-encoded bla-CTX-M-15 and bla-TEM-1 genes in a Lebanese Salmonella isolate that produces extended-spectrum β-lactamase

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An Accurate Prediction Method for Protein Structural Class from Signal Patterns of NMR Spectra in the Absence of Chemical Shift Assignments

The structural class information about a protein is important to understand its biological properties. NMR is one of the most powerful tools to obtain structural information of proteins in atomic resolution. However, an analysis of protein three-dimensional structure from NMR spectra usually requires laborious chemical shift assignment. We developed a new method for predicting the protein structural class directly from the NMR spectra without any chemical shift assignment. The results show that our method outperforms the methods using current secondary structure prediction.
Students' feedback on teaching and assessment at Nishtar Medical College, Multan.

OBJECTIVE To obtain feedback on teaching and assessment methods in professional undergraduate medical examinations. METHODS The study was conducted at Nishtar Medical College, Multan, Pakistan, from May 21 to May 26, 2012. A written questionnaire covering topics on various teaching and assessment methods was used to get feedback from students of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th year M.B. B.S. SPSS version 17 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the 534 questionnaires distributed, 538 (99%) were returned duly filled. Overall, 382 (71%) students were satisfied with all aspects of the lectures delivered and 393 (73%) students agreed that teaching staff was punctual in delivering lectures. Although 312 (58%) students were satisfied with the teaching conducted in the wards, students felt dissatisfaction with the teaching carried out in outpatient departments and operating theatres. Multimedia was favoured by 306 (56%) students as a supporting teaching tool. Although the students agreed that questions asked in examinations were relevant and the pattern of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) / Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) was satisfactory, they felt that the time allowed was insufficient. 399 (74%) students agreed that multiple modes of assessment improved their knowledge and skill. There was no consensus among the students on the best form of assessment. Number of students favouring short essay questions (SEQ's), multiple choice questions including true/false type, single best choice questions (BCQ'S) and descriptive questions were 209(38.8%), 176(32.7%), 70 (13%) and 28 (5%) respectively. There was disparity in students' satisfaction in internal assessment and university examination. Although 226 (42%) students were satisfied with internal assessment, 199 (37%) were satisfied with university assessment. CONCLUSION Overall, the students were satisfied with the lectures and clinical teaching conducted in the wards. Preferred methods of assessment included short essay questions (SEQ's) and multiple choice questions. Most of them wanted sufficient time for OSCE/OSPE and the satisfaction with university examination was only 37%.
Effects of CYP2B6 and CYP1A2 Genetic Variation on Nevirapine Plasma Concentration and Pharmacodynamics as Measured by CD4 Cell Count in Zimbabwean HIV-Infected Patients.

The extremely high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and limitations of current antiretroviral medicines demand new tools to optimize therapy such as pharmacogenomics for person-to-person variations. African populations exhibit greater genetic diversity than other world populations, thus making it difficult to extrapolate findings from one population to another. Nevirapine, an antiretroviral medicine, displays large plasma concentration variability which adversely impacts therapeutic virological response. This study, therefore, aimed to identify sources of variability in nevirapine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, focusing on genetic variation in CYP2B6 and CYP1A2. Using a cross-sectional study design, 118 HIV-infected adult Zimbabwean patients on nevirapine-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were characterized for three key functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), CYP2B6 c.516G>T (rs3745274), CYP2B6 c.983T>C (rs28399499), and CYP1A2 g. -163C>A (rs762551). We investigated whether genotypes at these loci were associated with nevirapine plasma concentration, a therapeutic biomarker, and CD4 cell count, a biomarker of disease progression. CYP2B6 and CYP1A2 were chosen as the candidate genes based on reports in literature, as well as their prominence in the metabolism of efavirenz, a drug in the same class with nevirapine. Nevirapine plasma concentration was determined using LC-MS/MS. The mean nevirapine concentration for CYP2B6 c.516T/T genotype differed significantly from that of 516G/G (p < 0.001) and 516G/T (p < 0.01) genotypes, respectively. There were also significant differences in mean nevirapine concentration between CYP2B6 c.983T > C genotypes (p = 0.04). Importantly, the CYP1A2 g. -163C>A SNP was significantly associated with the pharmacodynamics endpoint, the CD4 cell count (p = 0.012). Variant allele frequencies for the three SNPs observed in this Zimbabwean group were similar to other African population groups but different to observations among Caucasian and Asian populations. We conclude that CYP2B6 c.516G>T and CYP2B6 c.983T>C could be important sources of nevirapine pharmacokinetic variability that could be considered for dosage optimization, while CYP1A2 g. -163C>A seems to be associated with HIV disease progression. These inter- and intra-population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics differences suggest that a single prescribed dosage may not be appropriate for the treatment of disease. Further research into a personalized nevirapine regimen is required.
Forages trade and nutritive value in urban centers in Niger : Maradi and Niamey cities cases

L’etude a ete conduite pendant 3 ans a Maradi et a Niamey. Elle vise a connaitre les caracteristiques du systeme d’approvisionnement en fourrages des elevages urbains et periurbains. Un suivi periodique a ete effectue sur 13 axes routiers et 22 points de vente des fourrages au niveau des 2 villes. Les enquetes saisonnieres aupres de 174 acteurs portant sur les caracteristiques des fourrages, ont ete conduites. L’analyse bromatologique des 16 echantillons de fourrages preleves sur les marches, a ete faite. L’analyse multi-variee des donnees a ete realisee avec le logiciel SPSS 10. Les resultats ont montre que les fourrages commercialises proviennent des champs, des perimetres irrigues, des vallees, des plateaux, des jacheres et des enclaves pastorales. Ils appartiennent a 34 especes reparties en 14 familles dont les Poaceae (41,1%), des Fabaceae (14,7%), des Mimonaceae (9%), Ceasalpiniaceae (6%) et 29% pour les 10 familles restantes. Les residus de cultures ont constitue 48% a Niamey et 55% a Maradi des fourrages vendus. Les principaux acteurs de la chaine de valeur fourrages sont: producteurs, collecteurs, vendeurs, transporteurs et acheteurs (eleveurs, detaillants, unites aliments/betail). La vente des fourrages est pratiquee par les hommes adultes (841,4%), les adolescents (12,50,71%) et les femmes (3,50,71%). Les fourrages riches en azote (MAT≥ 8%) sont les plus chers. La recolte et la vente des fourrages sont des activites creatrices d’emploi et generatrices de revenus substantiels mais representent a long terme une serieuse menace pour l’equilibre agro-ecologique des systemes de production et de l’environnement periurbain.
Technology Roadmapping Architecture Based on Knowledge Management: Case Study for Improved Indigenous Coffee Production from Guerrero, Mexico

Having demonstrated its importance for economic and human developments, technological change is considered one of the biggest supports worldwide. Today, with the population increase, the inclusion of technology is considered the most appropriate way to reduce the impact of this challenge. Considering 171 indigenous coffee producers from Paraje Montero and Tierra Colorada from Guerrero, Mexico, the present study proposes technological routes for the indigenous coffee production chain and the inclusion of emerging technologies such as sensors, actuators, and processing devices basing on the requirements of the chain. During face-to-face sessions, questionaries, field visits, and literature review for knowledge management, the results expose the need of effective actions against diseases and the reduction of climate change, lack of infrastructure, old plantations, and lack of commercialization channels; for these and considering the requirement of greenhouse technology by indigenous coffee producers and following the labor value driver of the digital compass, the necessity of several kinds of sensors, technologies, and methodologies has been identified with high possibilities to be implemented by similar producers analyzed in this manuscript to help in solving the problems identified in this work. The combination of remote sensing, signal processing, and spectroscopy could be employed to explore mineralogical features of soil and help problems with fertilization; sensor modules to collect temperature, humidity, and light intensity data are a priority for greenhouse monitoring; electrochemical sensors and optical technologies could be of great help to detect the presence of diseases in coffee plants; and the installation of a greenhouse solar dryer is necessary to reduce the time of the sun drying process and protect the coffee cherry. These emerging technologies will help to improve the production of coffee. The study contributes to identify a technology roadmap proposing technological implements according to indigenous coffee production chain requirements and serves as support for future studies in indigenous regions.
Perceived Freedom-Responsibility Covariation Among Cypriot Adolescents

Participants were 67 Cypriot adolescents who responded to propositions regarding positive, negative, and noncontingent relations between freedom and responsibility. The authors framed items so that half dealt with freedom given responsibility, and the other half dealt with responsibility given freedom. Results indicated participants were more likely to endorse positive-contingency items than they were negative and noncontingency items when items were framed around freedom given responsibility. However, when items were framed around responsibility given freedom, no such differences emerged. The authors discuss results relative to cultural and sociopolitical differences and similarities between children in Cypress and participants in the United States and implications concerning the present study and previous studies regarding these constructs.
The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in New York City.

BACKGROUND In the past decade the incidence of tuberculosis has increased nationwide and more than doubled in New York City, where there have been recent nosocomial outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. METHODS We collected information on every patient in New York City with a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis during April 1991. Drug-susceptibility testing was performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS Of the 518 patients with positive cultures, 466 (90 percent) had isolates available for testing. Overall, 33 percent of these patients had isolates resistant to one or more antituberculosis drugs, 26 percent had isolates resistant to at least isoniazid, and 19 percent had isolates resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin. Of the 239 patients who had received antituberculosis therapy, 44 percent had isolates resistant to one or more drugs and 30 percent had isolates resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin. Among the patients who had never been treated, the proportion with resistance to one or more drugs increased from 10 percent in 1982 through 1984 to 23 percent in 1991 (P = 0.003). Patients who had never been treated and who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or reported injection-drug use were more likely to have resistant isolates. Among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, those with resistant isolates were more likely to die during follow-up through January 1992 (80 percent vs. 47 percent, P = 0.02). A history of antituberculosis therapy was the strongest predictor of the presence of resistant organisms (odds ratio, 2.7; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There has been a marked increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis in New York City. Previously treated patients, those infected with HIV, and injection-drug users are at increased risk for drug resistance. Measures to control and prevent drug-resistant tuberculosis are urgently needed.
Asymmetric off‐fault damage generated by bilateral ruptures along a bimaterial interface

We perform numerical simulations of spontaneous dynamic rupture governed by a slip‐weakening law along a bimaterial interface (fault) with off‐fault damage in the form of Coulomb plastic yielding. Off‐fault plastic yielding stabilizes the wrinkle‐like slip pulse in terms of a decreasing rate of slip velocity growth. With a variety of model parameters, ruptures on the fault are bilateral, while off‐fault plastic strain distribution between the two rupture directions is highly asymmetric.
Women’s body image throughout the adult life span: a living history approach

ABSTRACT Based on the life course perspective, this study used a mixed method approach to (1) arrive at a deeper understanding of body image in each of three adult life stages among older white women living in a Midwest state of the United States of America, (2) investigate how these women’s body images have changed during aging, and (3) identify major life transitions affecting women’s body image throughout the adult life span. This study used retrospective, self-reported data. Both open-ended and scale ratings questions were incorporated into the paper-based survey questionnaire. Older white women (n = 102) aged 65 to 94 years completed a survey questionnaire. Written responses to seven open-ended questions assessing the older women’s past and current body images were analyzed, and 14 themes emerged. A quantitative scale of body satisfaction with five body attributes was included to provide a validity check with written responses. The women’s body images significantly changed across the adult life span, reflecting different body concerns and evaluations at each life stage. This study revealed contrasting results to previous cross-generational comparisons which concluded that women’s perceived level of body satisfaction remains stable through life. Many of the women expressed some degree of positive body image at all stages but became less satisfied with several aspects of their bodies as they aged, including aging appearance, decline in physical function, and several health problems. The study provided a general picture of white women’s body image development throughout the adult life span.