Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sas4 and Sas5 Are Required for the Histone Acetyltransferase Activity of Sas2 in the SAS Complex*

The SAS2 gene is involved in transcriptional silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Based on its primary sequence, the Sas2 protein is predicted to be a member of the MYST family of histone acetyltransferases (HATs). Sas2 forms a complex with Sas4 and Sas5, which are required for its silencing function. Here we show that recombinant Sas2 has HAT activity that absolutely requires Sas4 and is stimulated by Sas5. The recombinant SAS complex acetylates H4 lysine 16 and H3 lysine 14. Furthermore, a purified SAS complex from yeast shows similar activity and specificity. In contrast to other MYST HATs, neither the recombinant nor the native SAS complex acetylated nucleosomal histones under conditions that were optimum for acetylating free histones. Finally, although the SAS subunits interact genetically and physically with Asf1, a histone deposition factor, association of H3 and H4 with Asf1 blocks their acetylation by the SAS complex, raising the possibility that the SAS HAT complex may acetylate free histones prior to their deposition onto DNA by Asf1 or CAF-I.
Performance Improvement ofRobustControllers for PolynomiallyUncertain Systems

This paper is concerned with the high-performance robust control of discrete-time linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with semi-algebraic uncertainty regions. It is assumed that a robustly stabilizing static controller is given whose gain depends polynomially on the uncertain variables. The problem of tuning this parameter-dependent gain with respect to a prescribed quadratic cost function is formulated as a sum-of-squares (SOS) optimization. This method leads to a near-optimal controller whose performance is better than that of the initial controller. It is shown that the results derived in the present work encompass the ones obtained in a recent paper. The efficacy of the results is elucidated by an example.
Plasma Parathyroid Hormone Is Independently Related to Nocturnal Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients: The Styrian Hypertension Study

High parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been linked with high blood pressure (BP), but the relationship with 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is largely unknown. The authors therefore analyzed cross‐sectional data of 292 hypertensive patients participating in the Styrian Hypertension Study (mean age, 61±11 years; 53% women). Median plasma PTH (interquartile range) determined after an overnight fast was 49 pg/mL (39–61), mean daytime BP was 131/80±12/9 mm Hg, and mean nocturnal BP was 115/67±14/9 mm Hg. In multivariate regression analyses adjusted for BP and PTH‐modifying parameters, PTH was significantly related to nocturnal systolic and diastolic BP (adjusted β‐coefficient 0.140 [P=.03] and 0.175 [P<.01], respectively). PTH was not correlated with daytime BP readings. These data suggest a direct interrelationship between PTH and nocturnal BP regulation. Whether lowering high PTH concentrations reduces the burden of high nocturnal BP remains to be shown in future studies.
Digestible Lysine Requirement of Liuzhou Mahua Broilers at Different Growth Stages

Experiments were conducted to determine the digestible lysine (DLys) requirement of Liuzhou Mahua broilers from 1 to 21 d and from 22 to 42 d of age. Monofactorial design was adopted in this study. 1200 one-day-old healthy broiler chicks were divided randomly and evenly into five treatments, and were all fed with isoenergetic diet (with ME of 3.0 Mcal/kg) but with graded levels of DLys: 1.22%, 1.12%, 1.02%, 0.91% and 0.81% during the period of 1 to 21 days; 1.13%, 1.02%, 0.92%, 0.82% and 0.71% during the period of 22 to 42 days. The results showed that the DLys level in diet had a quadratic relationship both with the average daily gain (ADG) and feed:gain ratio (F/G). For Liuzhou Mahua broilers from 1 to 21 d of age, ADG was the highest at the DLys level of 1.12%, which was not significantly different from those at the levels of 1.22% and 1.02% (P>0.05), and F/G was the lowest at the DLys level of 1.22%. For Liuzhou Mahua broilers from 22 to 42 d of age, at the DLys level of 1.02%, ADG was the highest, and F/G was the lowest, but not significantly different from those at the levels of 1.13% and 0.92% (P>0.05). According to regression analysis results, for Liuzhou Mahua broilers from 1 to 21 d of age, the optimum DLys requirement was 1.07% with ADG as the indicator, and was 1.13% with F/G as the indicator. For Liuzhou Mahua broilers from 22 to 42 d of age, with ADG and F/G as the indicator, DLys requirement were 0.89% and 0.84%, respectively. Liuzhou Mahua broilers were not as sensitive to DLys concentration variation as fast-growing broilers from abroad.
Carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin in the assessment of harmful alcohol consumption: diagnostic performance and clinical significance

The last decade saw the emergence of carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT) as the most promising marker for the diagnosis of alcohol abuse. Daily alcohol consumption of four beers, four glasses of wine or three standard drinks causes increased concentrations of CDT in serum. CDT is serum transferrin with a reduced content of oligosaccharides due to the detrimental effects of alcohol metabolism on the glycosylation pathway of hepatocytes and/or the increased activity of circulating glycosidases in serum. Most current CDT procedures entail separation of normal transferrin from CDT in a charged matrix‐like isoelectric focusing and ion exchange chromatography, followed by detection/quantitation of CDT by a myriad of immunoassays: immunoblotting, radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay and nephelometry. New CDT procedures present the advantages of improved performance, inexpensive automation and CDT results expressed as a percentage of total serum transferrin. CDT's major asset is its high specificity in well‐defined populations i.e. individuals ingesting 60 g alcohol daily for at least a week.The sensitivity rates, which vary between 22% and 81%, depend on the amount of alcohol ingested, time of sample collection after the cessation of drinking, age, gender and the cut‐off point chosen for analysis of tests' results. Regarding clinical applications, best outcome is achieved when the test is used to confirm a suspicion of alcohol abuse and when monitoring abstinence and relapses.The low prevalence of alcohol abuse in the general population challenges its use as a screening test.With the advent of inexpensive automation and the constant emergence of innovative, improved tests, we are seeing the rise of a new era in alcohol abuse diagnosis as affordability and education allows widespread use of CDT in a variety of settings.
Tetrabenazine treatment for tardive dyskinesia: assessment by randomized videotape protocol.

OBJECTIVE Tetrabenazine, a monoamine depleter and dopamine receptor blocker, is used to treat several hyperkinetic movement disorders. The authors studied the use of tetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia. METHOD Twenty patients with tardive dyskinesia (mean duration = 43.7 months) were videotaped before and after tetrabenazine treatment. Randomized videotapes were scored with the motor subset of the modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) by raters blind to pre- or posttreatment status. RESULTS One patient did not tolerate tetrabenazine owing to sedation. The remaining 19 were rated after a mean of 20.3 weeks at a mean tetrabenazine dose of 57.9 mg/day. There were significant improvements in mean scores on both the patient AIMS self-rating and the AIMS motor subset evaluated by the blind videotape raters. All 19 patients continued to take tetrabenazine after the study. CONCLUSIONS Tetrabenazine was well tolerated and resulted in significant improvements in AIMS scores for patients with refractory tardive dyskinesia.
The role of surgical margin status in retroperitoneal sarcoma

Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) represent approximately 15% of all soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Clinical and prognostic features as well as oncologic outcomes are well known in this group of patients. Post‐operative margin status specifically, is a major predictor of local and distant recurrence and survival. The purpose of this review is to define complete resection as it applies to RPS and evaluate its effect on future outcomes in these patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:607–610. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Epidemiology of HIV Among Mexican Migrants and Recent Immigrants in California and Mexico

For Mexican migrants and recent immigrants, the impact of migration from Mexico to California has the potential to lead to an increased risk for HIV infection. Until recently, the prevalence of HIV in Mexico and among Mexican migrants in California appeared to be stable and relatively low. Recent studies have raised new concerns, however, that the HIV epidemic may expand more aggressively among this population in the coming years. Unfortunately, the insufficient amount of data available within recent years makes it difficult to fully assess the potential for rapid spread of the HIV epidemic among this population. Consequently, there is a critical need for an ongoing binational surveillance system to assess prevalence and trends in HIV/STD/TB disease and related risk behaviors among this population both in Calfornia and within this population’s states of origin in Mexico. This enhanced epidemiologic surveillance system should provide improved data on the subpopulations at the highest risk for HIV/STD/TB, such as men who have sex with men, and should provide the opportunity to evaluate the impact of migration on the transmission dynamics, risk behaviors, and determinants of behavior on each side of the border. It is essential that this potential threat be assessed and that intervention programs are developed and implemented to combat this possible escalation in the HIV epidemic.
The plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 transcript is destabilized via a multi‐component 3′ UTR localized adenylate and uridylate‐rich instability element in an analogous manner to cytokines and oncogenes

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI‐2; SERPINB2) is a highly‐regulated gene that is subject to both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional control. For the latter case, inherent PAI‐2 mRNA instability was previously shown to require a nonameric adenylate‐uridylate element in the 3′ UTR. However, mutation of this site was only partially effective at restoring complete mRNA stabilization. In the present study, we have identified additional regulatory motifs within the 3′ UTR that cooperate with the nonameric adenylate‐uridylate element to promote mRNA destabilization. These elements are located within a 74 nucleotide U‐rich stretch (58%) of the 3′ UTR that flanks the nonameric motif; deletion or substitution of this entire region results in complete mRNA stabilization. These new elements are conserved between species and optimize the destabilizing capacity with the nonameric element to ensure complete mRNA instability in a manner analogous to some class I and II adenylate‐uridylate elements present in transcripts encoding oncogenes and cytokines. Hence, post‐transcriptional regulation of the PAI‐2 mRNA transcript involves an interaction between closely spaced adenylate‐uridylate elements in a manner analogous to the post‐transcriptional regulation of oncogenes and cytokines.
Bin1 attenuation in breast cancer is correlated to nodal metastasis and reduced survival

Clinical outcomes in breast cancer are likely influenced by modifier genes that affect tumor dormancy versus progression. The Bin1 gene encodes a nucleocytosolic adapter protein that suppresses neoplastic cell transformation and that is often attenuated in human breast carcinoma. Recent mouse genetic studies indicate that Bin1 loss cooperates with ras activation to drive progression of mammary carcinoma, establishing Bin1 as a negative modifier of tumor progression in breast cancer. In this study, we investigated whether immunohistochemical losses of nuclear Bin1 proteins in cases of human breast cancer were correlated to progression status. In American and Japanese groups of low or middle grade breast cancers, losses were associated with reduced survival and increased nodal metastasis, respectively. Taken together with recent findings from mouse genetic studies, these findings encourage further evaluation of the potential utility of Bin1 as a clinical prognostic marker in breast cancer.
Orthogonal Series Estimation in Nonlinear Cointegrating Models with Endogeneity

This paper considers a nonlinear time series model associated with both nonstationarity and endogeneity. The proposed model is then estimated by a nonparametric series method. An asymptotic theory is established in both pointâwise and the space metric sense for the estimator. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the performance of the proposed estimate is numerically satisfactory.
Enhanced histologic repair in a central wound in the anterior cruciate ligament with a collagen–platelet‐rich plasma scaffold

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee is an intra‐articular ligament that fails to heal after primary repair. The medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee is an extra‐articular ligament that heals uneventfully in the majority of cases. Why these two ligaments have such different responses to injury remains unclear. In this article, we address two hypotheses: first, that the histologic response to injury is different in intra‐articular and extra‐articular ligaments, and second, that the response of the intra‐articular ligaments can be altered by placing a collagen–platelet‐rich plasma (collagen‐PRP) hydrogel in the wound site. Wounds were created in extra‐articular ligaments (MCL and/or patellar ligament) and an intra‐articular ligament (ACL) in canine knees, and the histologic response to injury evaluated at 3 days (n = 3), 7 days (n = 4), 3 weeks (n = 5), and 6 weeks (n = 5). In the 3‐week (n = 5) and 6‐week (n = 5) animals, bilateral central wounds were made in the ACLs and the wounds in one knee of each animal treated with a collagen‐PRP hydrogel while the contralateral side was untreated. Extra‐articular ligament wounds had greater filling of the wound site and increased presence in the wound site of fibrinogen, fibronectin, PDGF‐A, TGF‐β1, FGF‐2, and von Willebrand's factor when compared to intra‐articular ligament wounds. Treatment of the intra‐articular wound with a collagen‐PRP hydrogel resulted in increased filling of the wound site with repair tissue that had similar profiles of growth factor and protein expression to the extra‐articular ligament wounds. The use of a collagen‐PRP scaffold can ameliorate histologic differences noted between healing extra‐articular ligamentous wounds and nonhealing intra‐articular ligamentous wounds. This study supports the hypothesis that premature scaffold failure may play a key role in the normally expected failure of the ACL to heal after injury. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1007–1017, 2007
Acetyl-L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid: possible neurotherapeutic agents for mood disorders?

Background: Mood disorders are associated with decrements in cognitive function, which are insufficiently treated with contemporary pharmacotherapies. Objectives: To evaluate the putative neurotherapeutic effects of the mitochondrial cofactors, L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and α-lipoic acid; and to provide a rationale for investigating their efficacy in the treatment of neurocognitive deficits associated with mood disorders. Methods: A PubMed search of English-language articles published between January 1966 and March 2007 was conducted using the search terms carnitine and lipoic acid. Results: L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid may offer neurotherapeutic effects (e.g., neurocognitive enhancement) via disparate mechanisms including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulation. Preliminary controlled trials in depressed geriatric populations also suggest an antidepressant effect with acetyl-L-carnitine. Conclusions: L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid are pleiotropic agents capable of offering neuroprotective and possibly cognitive-enhancing effects for neuropsychiatric disorders in which cognitive deficits are an integral feature.
Paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms (L55M and Q192R) as a genetic marker of diabetic nephropathy in youth with type 1 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms have been largely involved in diabetes complications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of PON1 polymorphisms (L55M and Q192R) on diabetic nephropathy (DN). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 116 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 91 healthy subjects. Albumin excretion rate (AER) was determined by immunoturbidimetry. PON1 activity was measured by a spectrophotometric method, and genotyping of PON1 gene was assessed by multiplex PCR followed by RFLP. RESULTS PON1 activity was inversely correlated to AER (r = -0.245, p = 0.008). A significant decrease (p = 0.037) in PON1 activity was shown between patients with nephropathy and those without (162 [57-618] vs. 316 [37-788] IU/L, respectively). The distribution of AER was, for L55M polymorphism MM > LM > LL (p = 0.002), and for Q192R polymorphism QQ > QR > RR (p < 0.001). The opposite distribution was noted for PON 1 activity (p < 0.001). LMQQ and MMQQ haplotypes seem to increase AER (p = 0.004, p = 0.003, respectively) and to reduce PON1 activity (p = 0.011, p = 0.052, respectively) in youths with T1D. However, LLRR haplotype seems to have the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that PON1 polymorphisms L55M and Q192R seem to be genetic markers involved in the development of DN in T1D. (Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68 (1): 35-41).
Catalase, but not MnSOD, inhibits glucose deprivation‐activated ASK1‐MEK‐MAPK signal transduction pathway and prevents relocalization of Daxx: Hydrogen peroxide as a major second messenger of metabolic oxidative stress

Overexpression of catalase, but not manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), inhibited glucose deprivation‐induced cytotoxicity and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) activation in human prostate adenocarcinoma DU‐145 cells. Suppression of JNK1 activation by catalase overexpression resulted from inhibition of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) activation by preventing dissociation of thioredoxin (TRX) from ASK1. Overexpression of catalase also inhibited relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm as well as association of Daxx with ASK1 during glucose deprivation. Taken together, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rather than superoxide anion (O2•−) acts as a second messenger of metabolic oxidative stress to activate the ASK1‐MAPK/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 90: 304–314, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The spatial and temporal expression of cartilage matrix protein illustrates the molecular heterogeneity of cartilage.

Cartilages contain a common set of macromolecules, such as aggrecan, link protein and collagen II, but their relative proportions may vary to produce tissues with different biochemical and physical properties. Further, there exist matrix proteins that are present only in a subset of cartilages and which may be involved in the fine tuning of the properties of the matrix. Cartilage contains a number of proteins, that are also present in other tissues as well as a number of proteins with a more restricted tissue distribution which may even be specific for cartilage. Many proteins, such as link protein (Gardell et al. 1980), aggrecan (Wong et al. 1992) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (DiCesare et al. 1994) are found more widely distributed than initially assumed, albeit often at very low concentrations.
Ensemble-Based Sensitivity Analysis Applied to African Easterly Waves

Abstract An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) coupled to the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to generate ensemble analyses and forecasts of a strong African easterly wave (AEW) during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis field campaign. Ensemble sensitivity analysis is then used to evaluate the impacts of initial condition errors on AEW amplitude and position forecasts at two different initialization times. WRF forecasts initialized at 0000 UTC 8 September 2006, prior to the amplification of the AEW, are characterized by large variability in evolution as compared to forecasts initialized 48 h later when the AEW is within a denser observation network. Short-lead-time amplitude forecasts are most sensitive to the midtropospheric meridional winds, while at longer lead times, midtropospheric θe errors have equal or larger impacts. For AEW longitude forecasts, the largest sensitivities are associated with the θe downstream of the AEW and, to a lesser .
Clinical course of chronic nonspecific ulcerative colitis.

The literature pertaining to nonspecific ulcerative colitis continues to emphasize the widely varying concepts of its pathogenesis and treatment.1Although considerable attention has been directed in the past decade to the effects of antibiotics2and to the results of surgical therapy,3observations on the natural history of this disease have been comparatively infrequent.4It seemed of interest, therefore, to review the clinical features and course of nonspecific ulcerative colitis in an illustrative series of 100 patients. The cases were chosen from a group of approximately 250 by the following criteria: completeness of data, length of the period of observation and accurate information as to their present status. There were 14 deaths. Sixty-five of the 86 surviving patients have been reexamined since Jan. 1, 1947; the remainder were restudied in 1946. Because of the method of selection of material to be used in this report, the number of patients
Primary care expenditures before the onset of Alzheimer’s disease

Objective To investigate primary care expenditures in the period before diagnosis of AD. Methods In a population-based sample of Medicare enrollees in New York City, person-level 1996 Medicare claims, summed over primary care encounters, were examined for people who developed AD in 1997 to 1998 and those who did not. Results People who developed AD were more likely to use Medicare outpatient and ambulatory care 1 to 2 years before diagnosis. Compared with respondents who did not develop AD, the excess cost for men was $1,167 (85% higher) and for women $239 (26% higher). Among elderly people ≥75 years in the United States, the prodromal period of AD was associated with an excess Medicare-based primary care cost of $128.5 to $194.7 million. ConclusionIn addition to huge costs associated with AD after diagnosis, prediagnosis costs are an unrecognized source of expenditures related to the disease.