Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The significance of Mn‐rich ilmenite and the determination of P–T paths from zoned garnet in metasedimentary rocks from the western Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia

The Jumping Brook Metamorphic Suite in the western Cape Breton Highlands of Nova Scotia is part of an inverted Barrovian sequence that formed during a Late Silurian–Early Devonian promontory–promontory collision in the Canadian Appalachians. In this study, systematic discrepancies between geochemical observations and thermodynamic model predictions led to the discovery of a systematic relationship linking the style of garnet core isopleth intersection (GCII) to the pyrophanite (MnTiO3) component of co‐existing ilmenite. Samples that yielded tight GCIIs at or near the garnet‐in curve were found to contain ilmenite with negligible pyrophanite components, whereas samples yielding GCIIs far removed (up to 105°C) from the garnet‐in curve were found to contain ilmenite with significant pyrophanite and/or ecandrewsite (ZnTiO3) components. Based on petrographic and geochemical observations, Mn(±Zn)‐rich ilmenite are interpreted to have sequestered Mn throughout prograde metamorphism due to sluggish intracrystalline diffusion. The amount of reactive Mn input into the thermodynamic models from whole‐rock analyses were, in some cases, overestimated, resulting in garnet‐in curve topologies that extend to erroneously low P–T conditions. Modifications to the whole‐rock chemistry that account for Mn sequestration into ilmenite, however, yielded robust model results. Our results show that, in addition to uncertainties in thermodynamic data sets and phenomenon related to reaction kinetics, Mn‐rich ilmenite may superimpose additional complexities related to the interpretation of predicted equilibria involving garnet. Numerical simulations of garnet crystallization were used to infer P–T paths of metamorphism for one sample from the garnet zone (Mn corrected) and two samples from the staurolite zone (Mn uncorrected) of the inverted sequence. Model results are remarkably similar among the three samples and indicate that garnet crystallization occurred along relatively steep (31–37°C/km) clockwise P–T paths. The peak conditions of garnet crystallization and metamorphism (560–590°C, 7.4–8.0 kbar) are interpreted to have been attained approximately simultaneously, such that the paths are characterized by tight prograde‐to‐retrograde transitions. The hairpin nature of the P–T paths is interpreted to represent the onset of thrust‐related exhumation and isograd inversion along ductile shear zones, consistent with available field and geochronological constraints.
Replication of ecologically relevant hydrological indicators following a modified covariance approach to hydrological model parameterization

Abstract. Hydrological models can be used to assess the impact of hydrologic alteration on the river ecosystem. However, there are considerable limitations and uncertainties associated with the replication of ecologically relevant hydrological indicators. Vogel and Sankarasubramanian's 2003 (Water Resources Research) covariance approach to model evaluation and parameterization represents a shift away from algorithmic model calibration with traditional performance measures (objective functions). Using the covariance structures of the observed input and simulated output time series, it is possible to assess whether the selected hydrological model is able to capture the relevant underlying processes. From this plausible parameter space, the region of parameter space which best captures (replicates) the characteristics of a hydrological indicator may be identified. In this study, a modified covariance approach is applied to five hydrologically diverse case study catchments with a view to replicating a suite of ecologically relevant hydrological indicators identified through catchment-specific hydroecological models. The identification of the plausible parameter space (here n≈20) is based on the statistical importance of these indicators. Evaluation is with respect to performance and consistency across each catchment, parameter set, and the 40 ecologically relevant hydrological indicators considered. Timing and rate of change indicators are the best and worst replicated respectively. Relative to previous studies, an overall improvement in consistency is observed. This study represents an important advancement towards the robust application of hydrological models for ecological flow studies.
Circulation and transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among college students in Malaysia (cell phones as reservoir)

Abstract Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a nosocomial pathogen of increasing risk to man. Objective: We determined the risk of using cell phones as silent and underestimated tools for spreading MRSA in community. Methods: One hundred swabs of cell phones were collected from college students in Malaysia. A series of identification and differentiating tests were conducted for the precise identification of MRSA bacteria. Moreover, this study compared the efficacy of the different identification tests with gold standard, PCR assay. The tests used were tube coagulase, DNase agar test, antibiogram, several routine biochemical identification tests, and PCR assays. PCR assay used specific primers for resistance or ID -related genes: mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, linA, femA, and nuc genes. Results: One hundred fifty bacterial isolates were collected from college students’ cell phones, non-PCR assays of identification and resistance detection revealed presence and spread of MRSA in cell phones of 14 college students. PCR-amplification of the nuc gene was used as a baseline test to detect Staphylococcus aureus. Seven isolates (50%) were detected as Staphylococcus aureus with the presence of nuc gene, and the remaining seven isolates (50%) were negative for nuc gene. However, of the seven positive nuc gene isolates, six isolates (6/14; 42.9%) were positive for mecA gene, making them MRSA. Using PCR as gold standard, the specificity and the sensitivity of antibiogram test in the detection of methicillin resistance was only 55.6% and 40%, respectively. Most of the MRSA carriers were found to study in the field of Science (33.3%) and Education (33.3%). Conclusions: Cell phones proved to be silent tool for transferring MRSA in the community of college students in South East Asia. Moreover, PCR assay for identification of S. aureus and resistance evaluation for MRSA is superior when compared to other conventional methods.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE ELECTROLYZER INTEGRATED WITH A NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT FOR POWER-TO-GAS APPLICATIONS

Author(s): Stansberry, John | Advisor(s): Brouwer, Jacob | Abstract: Proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEZ) are an attractive technology choice as the principal piece of equipment in power-to-gas (P2G), however their usage within the context of P2G has not yet been thoroughly investigated, and no pilot plants for power-to-gas with PEMEZ have as yet been realized in the United States. In this study, a PEM electrolyzer was modified to have dynamic dispatch capabilities, then subsequently operated and studied in detail as a part of the UC Irvine P2G demonstration. The system operated at sustained part load conditions and load followed variable renewable energy resources. Furthermore, the impact on emissions due to the addition of hydrogen to the high pressure natural gas fuel feed to the University of California Irvine (UCI) Central Plant’s combustion turbine is analyzed.Solar PV load following was found to have minimal impact on system efficiency in producing hydrogen from electrolysis, however wind load following did result in sustained low load conditions that did impact system efficiency significantly. Reduced efficiency due to sustained low part load conditions could be circumvented by cycling PEMEZ off completely and starting up as the load signal reached the minimum effective point again. The effective compression of hydrogen electrochemically in the PEMEZ was demonstrated to nearly match the efficiency of ideal isothermal compression using a semi-empirical model developed from sustained part load operation testing of the PEMEZ.Addition of hydrogen to the natural gas fired combustion turbine showed very little likelihood of impact on emissions of criteria pollutants (CO, NOx). A slightly significant correlation between reduction in natural gas usage, and by extension emissions of CO2, was noted.
Survey and home range analyses of wintering shorebirds using the Lanark Reef Shorebird Complex, Franklin Co., Florida

Survey and Home Range Analyses of Wintering Shorebirds Using the Lanark Reef Shorebird Complex, Franklin Co., Florida Christine M. Gunnels Radio telemetry was used to document spatial variation in use by wintering shorebirds at a series of sites believed to form the Lanark Reef Shorebird Complex in Franklin County. Fifty and 95% convex polygon home range estimate for Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) averaged 0.52 km and 14.85 km, respectively. Fifty and 95% convex polygon home range estimate for the Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola) averaged < 0.01 km and 0.10 km, respectively. Fifty and 95% convex polygon for the Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa) and Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) was 0.32 km and 6.72 km, and 0.36 km and 24.41 km, respectively. Black-bellied Plovers appeared to have the smallest distance between locations followed by Willets, Long-billed Curlews and Marbled Godwits. Replicate shorebird surveys were conducted on the reef and count data were regressed against four environmental variables (wind speed, tide height, cloud cover, and temperature). Regression results (Radj) accounted for 45% and 66% of the variance in total shorebird counts on the Reef for 1996 and 1997, respectively. Shorebird total counts were positively correlated with tide height for 1996 and 1997 (P < 0.01).
Modelling the Shimokita deep coalbed biosphere over deep geological time: Starvation, stimulation, material balance and population models

Basin models can simulate geological, geochemical and geophysical processes and potentially also the deep biosphere, starting from a burial curve, assuming a thermal history and utilizing other experimentally obtained data. Here, we apply basin modelling techniques to model cell abundances within the deep coalbed biosphere off Shimokita Peninsula, Japan, drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 337. Two approaches were used to simulate the deep coalbed biosphere: (a) In the first approach, the deep biosphere was modelled using a material balance approach that treats the deep biosphere as a carbon reservoir, in which fluxes are governed by temperature‐controlled metabolic processes that retain carbon via cell‐growth and cell‐repair and pass it back via cell‐damaging reactions. (b) In the second approach, the deep biosphere was modelled as a microbial community with a temperature‐controlled growth ratio and carrying capacity (a limit on the size of the deep biosphere) modulated by diagenetic‐processes. In all cases, the biosphere in the coalbeds and adjacent habitat are best modelled as a carbon‐limited community undergoing starvation because labile sedimentary organic matter is no longer present and petroleum generation is yet to occur. This state of starvation was represented by the conversion of organic carbon to authigenic carbonate and the formation of kerogen. The potential for the biosphere to be stimulated by the generation of carbon‐dioxide from the coal during its transition from brown to sub‐bituminous coal was evaluated and a net thickness of 20 m of lignite was found sufficient to support an order of magnitude greater number of cells within a low‐total organic carbon (TOC) horizon. By comparison, the stimulation of microbial populations in a coalbed or high‐TOC horizon would be harder to detect because the increase in population size would be proportionally very small.
prevalence and types of congenital heart disease in babies born in the city of Khorramabad (2007- 2011)

 همدقم : يرامیب ياه يدازردام بلق نیرت عیاش يدازردام يراجنهان رد نادازون تسا . هعلاطم نیازا فده یسررب عویش يرامیب یبلق يدازردام نآ عاوناو رد دوب دابآ مرخ رهش رد هدش دلوتم نادازون .  شور و داوم اه : یفیصوت عون زا رضاح هعلاطم دوب يرامش رس تروص هب يریگ هنومن شور و یعطقم . رد هدـش دـلوتم نادازوـن مامت لاس تشهبیدرا لوا زا دابآ مرخ رهش 1385 نیدرورف نایاپ ات 1390 اهنآ یفارگویدراک وکا رد هک بـلق يدازردام ياه يرامیب هداد صیخشـت دنتفرگ رارق هعلاطم دروم دش . يلااـب نـس ،ءاضـعا ریاس یلامونآ ،زونایس ،دازون یسران ،سنج لماش هعلاطم دروم ياهریغتم 40 ،رداـم لاـس راب نارود رد وراد فرصم ،ردام و ردپ یلیماف تبسن دوب یبلق يراجنهان عون و ردام رد يرامیب هقباس ،يراد . تاعلاطا طوـبرم هـب ناراـمیب زا قیرط همانشسرپ يروآ عمج دیدرگ . رازفا مرن زا هدافتسا اب اه هداد SPSS دنتفرگ رارق يرامآ لیلحت و هیزجت دروم .  هتفای اه : زا 43195 هدش دلوتم دازون 177 د یبلق يدازرردام يرامیب دروم رد یبلق يدازردام ياه يرامیب عویش نازیم و دنتشا ره 1000 هعلاطم نیا رد هدنز دلوت 2 / 4 دوب . ینطب نیب هراوید صقن هعلاطم نیا رد 44 يزیلهد نیب هراوید صقن و دصرد 21 دصرد دندوب بلق يدازردام ياه يراجنهان نیرت عیاش . 8 / 63 دصرد زا رسپ نادازون ) 005 / 0 P= ( ، 4 / 80 دصرد زا ن دازو نا مرت ) 001 / 0 < P ( ، 5 / 93 دصرد نودب نادازون زا ،زونایس رد نیدلاو یلیماف تبسن 28 ،دصرد هقباس بلق يدازردام ياه يرامیب رد نیدلاو رد 3 / 10 دصرد رد تباید يرامیب هقباس ، 3 / 9 و ناردام دصرد 6 / 5 دنتشاد بل و ماک فاکش هلمج زا اضعا ریاس یلامونآ نادازون زا دصرد .  ثحب هجیتن و يریگ : يدازردام ياه يراجنهان نیرت عیاش يزیلهد نیب هراوید صقن و ینطب نیب هراوید صقن هعلاطم نیا رد رتخد دازون ربارب ود ًابیرقت رسپ دازون تیسنج یناوارف و دندوب بلق دوب .  هژاو يدیلک ياه : عویش ،بلق يدازردام ياه يرامیب،نادازون . هدیکچ
Seasonality, Atmospheric Conditions, and Variation in Household Radon, 1990-2015

Background: Radon is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless radioactive gas. Indoor radon exposure is responsible for at least 21,000 lung cancer deaths per year in the U.S. Radon concentrations vary greatly, with atmospheric conditions as one of the major factors contributing to this variation. There is also a link between season of the year and indoor radon values, with higher readings in winter compared with summer months. Seasonality studies are necessary in order to determine the best time for radon exposure screening. The purpose was to determine if atmospheric conditions (i.e., temperature, precipitation and wind) were predictive of observed home radon values, in addition to seasonality (i.e., 3-month intervals starting in January). Methods: We used data from 116 Kentucky counties over a 26-year period (1990-2015). A mixed model assessed the factors significantly associated with quarterly averaged log-transformed radon values. We did not retain temperature in the model given its strong association with seasonality, and wind measurements were only available for counties with airports. Results: In the full model with 116 counties, seasonality was a significant predictor of radon values; precipitation was not significant. In the 8-county wind model, season and wind were significant predictors; precipitation remained nonsignificant. Both models indicated higher radon in seasons 1 and 4 (Oct-March); wind was positively associated with radon values in counties with airports. Conclusions: It may be most beneficial for homeowners and certified radon measurement professionals to screen for radon during the months of October-March, when radon concentrations are the highest. High winds are associated with higher indoor radon values; to accurately assess long term radon exposure, it may be warranted to conduct radon testing during typical atmospheric conditions.
The Effect of Hospital Closure on Markets

We measure the effect of hospital closure on the operating efficiency of the remaining hospitals in the local market. Closure of a hospital other than the least efficient can be of detriment to social welfare because treatment costs will be higher at the surviving hospitals. The results show that hospital closure has led to an evolutionary increase in efficiency. The hospitals that closed were less efficient at baseline, and after closure their competitors realized lower costs per adjusted admission through an increase in inpatient admissions and emergency room visits. Overall, we estimate costs per adjusted admission declined by 2-4% for all patients and about 7-9% for patients who would have been treated at the closed hospital.
Thermochemical Characterization of Casamance Biomass Residues for Production of Combustibles Briquettes

The development of alternatives energies illustrates the common interest of all countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. Thermochemical treatment of municipal solid waste, agricultural and forestry wastes is a major challenge for this XXIst century to replace petroleum fuels. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) makes it possible to elucidate the thermal behavior of Casamance (Senegal) biomass residues, mass losses and decomposition rate, under inert (N2) atmosphere and oxidizing (O2) atmosphere. Carbonization and briquetting techniques of these various residues encountered in this part of Senegal country, by densification in order to produce fuel briquettes (call biochars) will be used to improve stoves for cooking. Samples used in this study are peanuts shells (PNS), cashew nut shells (CNS), palm nut shells (PLS) and millet stems (MS). Elemental and approximate analyses make it possible to determine the CHNSO* composition, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ashes content of the samples used. Higher heating values (HHV) of the former residues are ranging from 28.60 MJ·kg-1, 26.51 MJ·kg-1, 29.69 MJ·kg-1 and 24.93 MJ·kg-1 respectively. The chars are obtained by slow pyrolysis with a heating rate of 5°C·min-1 from ambient temperature up to 800°C under inert atmosphere. The morphology of the samples is different for the four biomasses studied, from biomass in the form of wood fibers to a more compact biomass. The parietal composition of different samples presented was determined by Van Soest method using neutral detergents (NDS), acid detergent (ADS) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 72%); to solubilize successively extractable, hemicellulose and cellulose respectively; lignin was obtained by balance (Table 2). The samples show a high level of cellulose, this pseudo-component is very rich in carbon directly linked to the calorific value, whose values vary from 32.35%; 24.20%; 34.94% and 39.67% for PNS, PLS, CNS and MS respectively.
Design of a minimally invasive single port HDR brachytherapy applicator for the treatment of lung cancer

Cancer has become the number one cause of death in Canada and lung cancer is its deadliest form. Surgical resection remains as the treatment of choice for most patients; however, in many cases a less aggressive alternative such as brachytherapy may be preferable. Today, HDR brachytherapy is a relatively common procedure but with current techniques and equipment only tumours close to the main bronchi can be reached. This project describes the design, development and validation of a first prototype of an ultrasound-guided needle guidance system that would enable physicians to perform HDR brachytherapy for the treatment of lung cancer in a minimally invasive manner through the intercostal spaces. The development of the mechanical components is thoroughly described followed by the description of the electronic control system that was developed for this novel mechatronic medical tool. Finally through validation experiments, the approach was shown to be an accurate and viable approach for precisely reaching desired targets with a wide yet flexible needle.
Impacts of future agricultural change on ecosystem service indicators

Abstract. A future of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, changing climate, growing human populations, and shifting socioeconomic conditions means that the global agricultural system will need to adapt in order to feed the world. These changes will affect not only agricultural land but terrestrial ecosystems in general. Here, we use the coupled land use and vegetation model LandSyMM (Land System Modular Model) to quantify future land use change (LUC) and resulting impacts on ecosystem service indicators relating to carbon sequestration, runoff, biodiversity, and nitrogen pollution. We additionally hold certain variables, such as climate or land use, constant to assess the relative contribution of different drivers to the projected impacts. Some ecosystem services depend critically on land use and management: for example, carbon storage, the gain in which is more than 2.5 times higher in a low-LUC scenario (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 4 and Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0; SSP4-60) than a high-LUC one with the same carbon dioxide and climate trajectory (SSP3-60). Other trends are mostly dominated by the direct effects of climate change and carbon dioxide increase. For example, in those two scenarios, extreme high monthly runoff increases across 54 % and 53 % of land, respectively, with a mean increase of 23 % in both. Scenarios in which climate change mitigation is more difficult (SSPs 3 and 5) have the strongest impacts on ecosystem service indicators, such as a loss of 13 %–19 % of land in biodiversity hotspots and a 28 % increase in nitrogen pollution. Evaluating a suite of ecosystem service indicators across scenarios enables the identification of tradeoffs and co-benefits associated with different climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and socioeconomic developments.
Rising Temperatures Increase Importance of Oceanic Evaporation as a Source for Continental Precipitation

<p>Understanding vulnerabilities of continental precipitation to changing climatic conditions is of critical importance to society at large. Terrestrial precipitation is fed by moisture originating as evaporation from oceans and from recycling of water evaporated from continental sources. In this study, continental precipitation and evaporation recycling processes in the Earth system model GFDL-ESM2G are shown to be consistent with estimates from two different reanalysis products. The GFDL-ESM2G simulations of historical and future climate also show that values of continental moisture recycling ratios were systematically higher in the past and will be lower in the future. </p><p>Global mean recycling ratios decrease 2%&#8211;3% with each degree of temperature increase, indicating the increased importance of oceanic evaporation for continental precipitation. Theoretical arguments for recycling changes stem from increasing atmospheric temperatures and evaporative demand that drive increases in evaporation over oceans that are more rapid than those over land as a result of terrestrial soil moisture limitations. Simulated recycling changes are demonstrated to be consistent with these theoretical arguments. A simple prototype describing this theory effectively captures the zonal mean behavior of GFDL-ESM2G. </p><p>Key sources of terrestrial evaporation, notably the interior of the Amazon basin and parts of the Ganges-Brahmaputra and Indus River basins, may experience reductions in moisture recycling. This has implications for key sink regions of terrestrial recycled precipitation, especially in rain-fed agricultural regions where crop yields will become increasingly soil moisture limited, such as the La Plata River basin, the corn producing regions of North America, southern Africa and the Sahel. </p><p>The results presented here have been published last year in Journal of Climate dx.doi. org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0145.1</p><p>&#160;</p>