Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cover crop rotations in no-till system : short-term CO 2 emissions and

In addition to improving sustainability in cropping systems, the use of a spring and winter crop rotation system may be a viable option for mitigating soil CO2 emissions (ECO2). This study aimed to determine short-term ECO2 as affected by crop rotations and soil management over one soybean cycle in two no-till experiments, and to assess the soybean yields with the lowest ECO2. Two experiments were carried out in fall-winter as follows: i) triticale and sunflower were grown in Typic Rhodudalf (TR), and ii) ruzigrass, grain sorghum, and ruzigrass + grain sorghum were grown in Rhodic Hapludox (RH). In the spring, pearl millet, sunn hemp, and forage sorghum were grown in both experiments. In addition, in TR a fallow treatment was also applied in the spring. Soybean was grown every year in the summer, and ECO2 were recorded during the growing period. The average ECO2 was 0.58 and 0.84 g m 2 h−1 with accumulated ECO2 of 5,268 and 7,813 kg ha–1 C-CO2 in TR and RH, respectively. Sunn hemp, when compared to pearl millet, resulted in lower ECO2 by up to 12 % and an increase in soybean yield of 9% in TR. In RH, under the winter crop Ruzigrazz+Sorghum, ECO2 were lower by 17%, although with the same soybean yield. Soil moisture and N content of crop residues are the main drivers of ECO2 and soil clay content seems to play an important role in ECO2 that is worthy of further studies. In conclusion, sunn hemp in crop rotation may be utilized to mitigate ECO2 and improve soybean yield.
Change in body mass associated with long-term fasting in a marine reptile: the case of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Ascension Island

Female green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting at Ascension Island (7°57'S, 14°22'W) in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean had a mean body mass (post oviposition) of 166.3 kg (range 107.5243.5 kg, n = 119). Individuals lost mass slowly during the nesting season (mean mass loss 0.22 kg·d1, n = 14 individuals weighed more than once). Gut-content analysis and behavioural observations indicated a lack of feeding. Females of equivalent-sized pinniped species that also do not feed while reproducing (nursing pups) on islands lose mass about 17 times faster. This comparatively low rate of mass loss by green turtles probably reflects their ectothermic nature and, consequently, their low metabolic rate. We estimate that a female turtle would lose only 19% of her body mass during the 143-day, 4400-km round trip from Brazil if she did not eat, laid 3 clutches of eggs, and lost 0.22 kg·d1.
Firm Growth : a Survey Alex Coad

We survey the phenomenon of the growth of firms drawing on literature from economics, management, and sociology. We begin with a review of empirical ‘stylised facts’ before discussing theoretical contributions. Firm growth is characterized by a predominant stochastic element, making it difficult to predict. Indeed, previous empirical research into the determinants of firm growth has had a limited success. We also observe that theoretical propositions concerning the growth of firms are often amiss. We conclude that progress in this area requires solid empirical work, perhaps making use of novel statistical techniques. La croissance des firmes: une revue de la littérature Résumé: Nous faisons une revue de la littrature sur la croissance des firmes, en nous basant sur des travaux dconomie, de management, et de sociologie. Nous commenons par les faits styliss empiriques avant de discuter les contributions thoriques. La croissance des firmes est surtout marque par le hasard, ce qui la rend difficile prdire. Effectivement, la recherche empirique rcente qui essaie de dceler les dterminants de la croissance des firmes na eu quun succs limit. Nous observons aussi que les propositions thoriques concernant la croissance des firmes ont souvent t loignes de la ralit. Nous concluons que pour progresser, ce domaine a besoin de travaux empiriques solides, faisant appel de nouvelles techniques statistiques. JEL codes: L25, L11
The atomic structure of bakerite and its relationship to datolite

Abstract Four samples of bakerite, Ca4B5Si3O15(OH)5, were studied by means of IR, TG/DSC, EPMA, and X-ray and neutron diffraction. Chemical analyses can readily discriminate bakerite from datolite, Ca4B4Si4O16(OH)4, by the distinctly lower SiO2 content of the former. The Rietveld refinement of the combined neutron and X-ray powder data allow the determination of the crystal structure of bakerite to Rp 3.09%. The crystal structure can be derived from that of datolite by the substitution 0.25Si4+ + 0.25O2- ↔ 0.25B3+ + 0.25(OH)- at the Si-centered tetrahedral site. This leads to the crystal chemical formula Ca4B5Si3O15(OH)5. Both of the two hydrogen positions in the bakerite structure, one with full occupancy, the other with 25% occupancy, were precisely located. The water molecule generally thought to be present in bakerite structure is actually absent. The excess water detected in chemical analyses can be attributed to the presence of minor impurities. Given the consistent composition of bakerite from various localities and no evidence for substitution of B for Si in datolite, bakerite is retained as a distinct species. A possible explanation of the peculiar 5:3 boron to silicon ratio in bakerite is provided
Farm education and the value of learning in an authentic learning environment

Farm education is a newly emerging field of research that utilises authentic learning environments, environments that combine a subject of academic study with its realworld surroundings, actors, and activities – in this case, the practical context of a farm. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of various learning environments (farm, classroom, and synthesis of the two) on learning and how pupils experience it. Mixed-methods research with experiential interventions was used, and data collection used interviews and pre-learning, post-learning, and delayed tests. The analysis, performed with SPSS software, employed ANOVA and ANOVA repeated-measures design and inductive content analysis. Pupils showed significantly better learning results when allowed to study in authentic learning environments on farm. They experienced learning in an authentic learning environment as easier and found that they learnt more there than in the classroom. They concluded that the reason for this was that the subject to be learnt could be studied comprehensively and first-hand in its original surroundings, including processes. Farm education proved to be a versatile learning environment that encourage learning and support learners who differ in their learning preferences. It supports pupils with moderate learning difficulties, as well as talented pupils, thanks to being allowed to study many aspects of the subject for learning, at their own pace. Including authentic learning environments in education increases long-term retention of what has been learnt and improves understanding. Those involved in teacher education, teachers, and schools alike are urged to take this into account when planning and carrying out education.
Phylogeny of the anamorphic genus Chrysosporium and related taxa based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences.

Phylogenetic relationships of 57 species of Chrysosporium and related species belonging to Onygenales and Sordariales were studied by analysing the nucleotide sequences of the 5·8S rRNA gene and their flanking ITS1 and ITS2 regions. Chrysosporium is a polyphyletic taxon with affiliations to at least two orders of the Ascomycota. The phylogenetic trees obtained in this study divided the genus into nine highly supported monophyletic groups (clades I-IX). However, relationships among these groups were not resolved. These groups were consistent for both methods of comparison (neighbor-joining and parsimony) and clearly correlated with groupings based on classical morphological criteria, enzymatic capabilities and teleomorph morphology. The genus Chrysosporium should be restricted to anamorphs of Onygenales, while Geomyces should be restricted to anamorphs of Myxotrichaceae and Myceliophthora to anamorphs of Sordariales. This study also demonstrates that several pairs of species are very similar, which suggests that they are synonymous, e.g. C. articulatum and A. reticulosporus; C. keratinophilum and A. keratinophilus and C. lucknowense and C. mephiticum.
A Global Player? – Transatlantic Shakespeare as an Example for Cultural Circulation Processes

This contribution examines how Shakespeare’s plays enabled various processes of cultural circulation, which could be described as transatlantic. Thus, this chapter does not provide an historical overview on Shakespeare appropriations in North America; it rather focuses on selected phenomena in order to capture the variety of cultural mobilities. Not only does this chapter focus on Shakespeare in performance, literature, on screen and in popular culture, it also reveals Shakespeare as a global player, while understanding ‘transatlantic’ as one aspect of the global. The entanglement of methodological reflection and punctual analysis opens the spectrum to consider processes of circulation beyond the framework of postcolonial investigations and therefore is to be located within reflections on cultural mobility studies.
Finite-difference modeling of wave propagation on microscale: A snapshot of the work in progress

Digital rock methodology combines modern microscopic imagingwithadvancednumericalsimulationsofthephysicalproperties of rocks. Modeling of elastic-wave propagation directly from rock microstructure is integral to this technology. We survey recent development of the rotated staggered grid RSG finite-difference FD method for pore-scale simulation of elastic wavepropagationindigitalrocksamples,includingthedynamic elastic properties of rocks saturated with a viscous fluid. Examination of the accuracy of this algorithm on models with known analytical solutions provide an additional accuracy condition for numerical modeling on the microscale. We use both the elastic and viscoelastic versions of the RSG algorithm to study gas hydratesandtosimulatepropagationofBiot’sslowwave.Weapply RSG method ology to examine the effect of gas hydrate distributions in the pore space of a rock. We compare resulting P-wave velocities with experimentally measured data, as a basis for buildinganeffective-mediummodelforrockscontaininggashydrates. We then perform numerical simulations of Biot’s slow wave in a realistic 3D digital rock model, fully saturated with a nonviscous fluid corresponding to the high-frequency limit of poroelasticity, and placed inside a bulk fluid.The model clearly demonstrates Biot’s slow curve when the interface is open between the slab and bulk fluid.We demonstrate slow wave propagation in a porous medium saturated with a viscous fluid by analyzing an idealized 2D porous medium represented alternating solid and viscous fluid layers. Comparison of simulation results withtheexactsolutionforthislayeredsystemshowsgoodagreementoverabroadfrequencyrange.
The Association between Adult Mental Health Problems andChildhood Trauma: A Retrospective Community Based Study fromKashmir

Background: The association between retrospectively reported childhood adverse experiences and psychiatric morbidity in adulthood is documented in several community surveys and clinical samples. But the long term outcome studies from South Asian countries are almost non-existent even though the frequency and the extent of childhood traumatic experiences in this part of the world are considerably high. Methods: It was a retrospective community-based study done in various areas of Kashmir Valley (Jammu and Kashmir, India) which were selected randomly. Those fitting criteria for the study were further evaluated using MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview which is a well-validated short structured Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ? Text Revision (DSM IVTR) based diagnostic interview. Results: 18.2% (572 of 3137) of total sample population had suffered a traumatic event between age 5 to 17 years (M>F). A considerable number (42.6%) of the traumatized cases had a DSM IV diagnosis in the long-term follow-up (F>M), out of whom 47.4% had a significant morbidity at >5 yrs and 38.7% at >10 yrs (p<0.007). Post- traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) & Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) formed the majority of diagnosis (24.4% & 15.3% respectively). Both PTSD and MDD were seen 10 years after trauma and beyond. Conclusion: Post trauma morbidity is significantly chronic and long-lasting. MDD and PTSD form the majority of the morbidities present. Both MDD and PTSD may develop very late after the traumatic event. People with trauma may need long-term psychiatric screening, care and help.
Prevalence of Abusive Injuries in Siblings and Household Contacts of Physically Abused Children

OBJECTIVE: Siblings and other children who share a home with a physically abused child are thought to be at high risk for abuse, but rates of injury in these contact children are unknown and screening of contacts is highly variable. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of abusive injuries identified by a common screening protocol among contacts of physically abused children. METHODS: This is an observational, multicenter cross-sectional study of children evaluated for physical abuse, and their contacts, by 20 US child abuse teams who used a common screening protocol for the contacts of physically abused children with serious injuries. Contacts underwent physical examination if they were <5 years old, physical examination and skeletal survey (SS) if they were <24 months old, and physical examination, SS, and neuroimaging if they were <6 months old. RESULTS: Protocol-indicated SS identified at least 1 abusive fracture in 16 of 134 contacts (11.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.5–18.5) <24 months of age. None of these fractures had associated findings on physical examination. No injuries were identified by neuroimaging in 19 of 25 eligible contacts (0.0%, 95% CI 0.0–13.7). Twins were at substantially increased risk of fracture relative to nontwin contacts (odds ratio 20.1, 95% CI 5.8–69.9). CONCLUSIONS: SS should be obtained in the contacts of injured, abused children for contacts who are <24 months old, regardless of physical examination findings. Twins are at higher risk of abusive fractures relative to nontwin contacts.
Experimental Investigation of WEDM Variables on Surface Roughness of AISI H13

The objective of this paper is to experimentally investigate the effects of various Wire Electrical Discharge Machining variables on Surface Roughness of AISI H13 using ANOVA method. The effect of all the input parameters on the output responses have been analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Plots of S/N ratio have been used to determine the best relationship between the responses and the input parameters. The optimum set of input parameters for minimum surface roughness has been determined. It has been found that wire type and pulse on time are most significant factors for surface roughness softer in quenched and tempered specimen because of over tempered martensite. The models for co-relating the inter-relationships of various WEDM machining parameters of Inconel 601 material was established using Response Surface Methodology (2). Results showed that the volumetric material removal rate generally increases with the increase of the peak current value and flushing pressure. Wear ratio increases with increase of peak current. Surface Roughness increases with the increase of peak current and decreases with increase of duty factor and wire tension. Yuan et al., (3) used a predictive approach based on Gaussian
Residence advantage in heterospecific territorial disputes of Erythrodiplax Brauer species (Odonata, Libellulidae)

Residence advantage in heterospecific territorial disputes of Erythrodiplax Brauer species (Odonata, Libellulidae). Territories are the outcome of interactions determining where and how long individuals settle. To odonate species, aggressive disputes are not so common since the outcome can be predetermined by advantages such as residency, age, and body size. However, it is possible to predict that at heterospecific disputes, larger body-sized or more aggressive species have some profits overcoming these individual advantages, generating patterns of species hierarchy. Here, I studied the aggressiveness of five Erythrodiplax species (Odonata, Libellulidae) during territorial disputes and verified if larger body-sized species are more aggressive than smaller ones or if the residence advantage prevails on the heterospecific disputes. Larger species were not more aggressive than smaller ones and winners of intra- and interspecific territorial disputes were defined mainly by the residence. So, the residence advantage between heterospecific opponents appears to prevail over any other asymmetry among these species. This pattern may occur because, despite the territorial behaviour in dragonfly males, heterospecific disputes may not increment male reproductive success because it may not increase their access to females.
Needle blight of pine caused by two species of Dothistroma in Hungary

Summary Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini cause the serious pine needle disease, Dothistroma needle blight (DNB). Of these, D. septosporum has a global distribution, while D. pini is known only from the USA, Russia, Ukraine and France. During a study of D. septosporum isolates from Pinus nigra in Hungary, microsatellite markers revealed the presence of a second Dothistroma species. The aim of this study was to identify the DNB pathogens occurring in Hungary using four different molecular techniques. These included sequencing of the rDNA ITS region, a speciesspecific ITS-RFLP, mating type primers and a diagnostic microsatellite marker, Doth_A. Results showed that both D. septosporum and D. pini occur in Hungary and that both DNB pathogens were present on the same trees and in some cases, the same needles. Mating types MAT1 and MAT2 of D. septosporum were shown to be present in Hungary, but only the MAT2 of D. pini was found. In addition, examination of needles with DNB symptoms from Russia revealed the presence of D. pini on Pinus pallasiana and P. nigra as well as on a new host, Pinus mugo. The molecular markers applied in this study were sufficiently robust to identify and differentiate between the two DNB pathogens, both in culture and directly from needles. They will consequently be useful to document the geographical range and to monitor the spread of D. septosporum and D. pini in future studies.
Deconstruction and differentiation of squeezed kitten states in a qubit-oscillator system

We study the evolution of the hybrid entangled squeezed states of the qubit-oscillator system in the strong coupling domain. Following the adiabatic approximation we obtain the reduced density matrices of the qubit and the oscillator degrees of freedom. The oscillator reduced density matrix is utilized to calculate the quasiprobability distributions such as the Sudarshan-Glauber diagonal P -representation, the Wigner W -distribution, and the nonnegative Husimi Q-function. The negativity associated with the W -distribution acts as a measure of the nonclassicality of the state. The existence of the multiple time scales induced by the interaction introduces certain features in the bipartite system. In the strong coupling regime the transient evolution to low entropy configurations reveals brief emergence of nearly pure kitten states that may be regarded as superposition of uniformly separated distinguishable squeezed coherent states. However, the quantum fluctuations with a short time period engender bifurcation and subsequent rejoining of these peaks in the phase space. The abovementioned doubling of the number of peaks increases the entropy to its near maximal value. Nonetheless, these states characterized by high entropy values, are endowed with a large negativity of the W -distribution that points towards their non-Gaussian behavior. This may be ascertained by the significantly large Hilbert-Schmidt distance between the oscillator state and an ensemble of most general statistical mixture of squeezed Gaussian states possessing nearly identical second order quadrature moments as that of the oscillator.
Changes in Achievement Goal Orientations after the Transition to Middle School.

Studies suggest that the transition to middle school is associated with a decline in motivation and performance for a number of children. This longitudinal study examined changes in motivation in English and mathematics across and after the transition from elementary to middle school. Of particular interest were changes in personal goal orientations (task and ability), perceptions of classroom goal structures (task and ability), academic efficacy, and grades in school. Main effects and interactions of gender, ability, subject, and time were highlighted in the surveys. Data were collected from students as they progressed from fifth to seventh grade. Results suggested that students become somewhat less focused on task goals and more focused on ability goals when they enter middle school. Personal task goals, ability goals, and academic efficacy changed both during and after the middle school transition. Students' task goals declined across the three grades, while ability goals increased across the grade five-grade six transition for English, and then decreased between grades six and seven. Ability goals in math did not change much across the three years. Academic efficacy dramatically decreased across the transition, and then increased some after the transition between grades six and seven. Four tables present statistical analysis. Contains 66 references.
JEL classification : M 104 ) IS IT wOrTh beINg SOCIally reSPONSIble ?

Several definitions for corporate social responsibility (CSR) exist and these vary greatly as to the activities it should cover and their motivators. Among the benefits of CSR are positive marketing/brand building, brand insurance and employee loyalty. Numerous arguments against CSR prevail, e.g. social responsibility is not a problem that belongs in the sphere of activities a corporation should be addressing or even that CSR distracts businesses from addressing the primary need to concentrate on sales. Thus, the strong economic question: is CSR worth it? In 2014, we carried out a representative survey in Hungary, in which the effects of responsible business practices on consumer purchase behaviour were studied. With our research results, we could show that there is a considerable gap between the apparent interest of consumers in CSR and the limited role of CSR in purchase behaviour.
Comparative Advantage, Capital Destruction, and Hurricanes

The comparative advantage of countries evolves over time, yet firms do not continuously adapt their production structure to this evolution. This slow adaptation may be due to high adjustment costs, such as those associated with the disposal of existing physical capital. In practice, these costs may explain why we observe that countries export goods at both ends of the comparative advantage spectrum. This article investigates what happens if the cost of adjusting to the dynamics of comparative advantage is unexpectedly reduced. We use hurricanes to evaluate whether a negative exogenous shock to firms' physical capital leads to a reorganization of exports towards comparative advantage industries. Using a panel of 46 countries and 4-digit industries over the period 1980–2000, we show that the effect of hurricanes on exports is monotonically increasing in comparative advantage. Specifically, export levels drop for industries with a low comparative advantage and grow for industries with a high comparative advantage. Our results also indicate that the process of shifting resources towards higher comparative advantage industries intensifies within the three years following the shock. These findings suggest that if the opportunity cost of adjustment decreases, firms tend to build back better and move up the spectrum of comparative advantage.