Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Replacement of fish meal with two fermented soybean meals in diets for rainbow trout (
 Oncorhynchus mykiss
 )

The present study investigated the effect of fish meal (FM) replacement with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout. Two FSM products, FSM1 (more fermentation with more small peptide and acid than FSM2) and FSM2 were used to replace 20%, 40% and 60% of FM in control diet (250 g/kg FM), respectively (FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM1‐60, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and FSM2‐60). Then the seven diets were fed to rainbow trout (18.1 g) for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and digestibility of crude protein and dry matter showed no significant difference among the groups of FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and the control, but WG significantly decreased and FCR increased when 60% FM was replaced by both FSMs (p < .05). The replacement of 40%, 60% FM resulted in lower villus height than the control (p < .05), and intestinal protease activity was lower in FSM2‐40, FSM2‐60 and FSM1‐60 groups than the control group (p < .05). In addition, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase increased with increasing levels of FSM (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary fish meal could be replaced by 40% with both FSMs without adverse effects on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout based on an eight weeks feeding trial.
Photopatternable superparamagnetic nanocomposite for the fabrication of microstructures

Today polymer materials are present everywhere. Often these materials are not pristine polymers; rather, they contain chemical additives or are doped by additional filler materials for reinforcement, increasing wear resistance, reducing inflammability, or adding different material properties. Magnetic polymer composites combine the advantages of the magnetic characteristics of the filler material and the properties of the polymer matrix, such as low cost fabrication processes. This work presents a photodefinable magnetic polymer composite (MPC) obtained by dispersing superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles in a photosensitive epoxy, SU-8. The composite is used to fabricate magnetic microstructures that can be actuated by magnetic fields. The microstructures presented in this work show the potential of the MPC in different applications such as microresonators and microrobots. The first part of this work presents the evaluation of the materials and the fabrication of the MPC. The material properties of the obtained composite are characterized in detail depending on the particle concentration 1 – 10 vol.% (4 – 32 wt.%). The dispersion of the nanoparticles (diameters of 11.4 ± 3.4 nm, count average diameter by TEM) and the level of agglomeration are analyzed by different methods such as optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The MPC shows a homogeneous nanoparticle distribution with low agglomeration, which is a key requirement for the fabrication of microstructures with small feature sizes and uniform magnetic and mechanical properties. In order to obtain a high-quality nanocomposite, different dispersing agents were tested. Mechanical, magnetic, wetting, and biocompatibility properties of the nanocomposites are characterized. The nanocomposites exhibit superparamagnetic properties. The biocompatibility of the MPC is demonstrated by proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts, and show the potential of the composite for bioapplications. Furthermore, it is shown that the MPC with 4 vol.% particle concentration can be remotely heated by alternating magnetic fields at high frequencies due to the incorporated superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The MPCs can be used to fabricate microstructures using conventional photolithography technique or laser writing techniques based on two-photon polymerization (TPP). The influence of particle concentration on composite fabrication
Proliferation specific codon usage facilitates oncogene translation

Tumors evolve under selection for gene mutations that give a growth advantage to the cancer cell. Intriguingly, some cancer genes are more often found mutated in tumors than their closely related family members. For example, KRAS mutations are more frequently observed in cancer in comparison to HRAS and NRAS. Here, we find that for RAS and six oncogene families, the most prevalent mutated members in cancer have a codon usage characteristic of genes involved in proliferation. The codon usage of KRAS is more adapted to be efficiently translated in proliferative cells than the codon usage of HRAS. We also show that the translation efficiency of KRAS varies between cell lines in a manner related to their tRNA expression. Altogether, our study demonstrates that a dynamic translation program contributes to shaping the expression profiles of oncogenes. We propose that codon bias related to cell proliferation contributes to the prevalence of mutations in certain members of oncogene families.
Distribution, ecology and conservation status of Dionysia involucrata Zaprjag., an endangered endemic of Hissar Mts (Tajikistan, Middle Asia)

Dionysia involucrata Zaprjag. (Primulaceae) is known as critically endangered endemic species of Hissar Mountains in Tajikistan. It is reported from few localities mainly in Varzob River valley and its tributaries. The species inhabits steep or overhanging faces of granite rocks in narrow river gorges. During the research all known populations of D. involucrata were examined in respect of the habitat conditions and species composition of vegetation plots. We analyzed the population extent of the species in its range in Tajikistan and the main threats in order to assess its conservation status. The detrended correspondence analysis was performed on a matrix of 65 releves and 49 species (vascular plants and mosses), to classify the phytocoenosis with domination of D. involucrata according to their floristic composition in relation to other petrophytic vegetation units. Using our field data regarding present extent of occurrence and area of occupancy we conclude that the threat category of D. involucrata should be reassessed from critically endangered to endangered. The species shows decline tendency in extent of occurrence, area of occupancy as well as in number of locations. The vegetation plots with domination of D. involucrata have relatively high level of separateness due to different species composition. We define the new association – Dionysietum involucratae – representing chasmophytic vegetation of submontane and montane zone in Middle Asia (ca. 1000–1600 m a.s.l.). The plots of Dionysietum involucratae were found mainly on granite rocks, on very steep or overhanging faces, on southwestern or southern exposition. The association is rather poor in species with inconsiderable contribution of mosses. Despite the diagnostic species, Campanula incanescens , Carex koshewnikowii and Scutellaria hissarica were the most abundant and frequent taxa within the researched patches of vegetation.
Drought Risk Assessment in Yunnan Province of China Based on Wavelet Analysis

A wavelet transform technique was used to analyze the precipitation data for nearly 60 years (1954–2012) in Yunnan Province of China. The wavelet coefficients and the variance yield of wavelet were calculated. The results showed that, in nearly 60 years, the spring precipitation increased slightly; however, the linear trend of other seasonal and annual precipitations showed a reducing trend. Seasonal and annual precipitation had the characteristics of multiple time scales. Different time scales showed the different cyclic alternating patterns. Overall, in the next period of time, different seasons and the annual precipitation will be in the periods of precipitation-reduced oscillation; high drought disaster risks may occur in Yunnan province. Particularly, by analyzing large area of severe drought of Yunnan province in 2009–2012, the predicted results of wavelet were verified. The results may provide a scientific basis for guiding agricultural production and the drought prevention work for Yunnan Province and other places of China.
IMPLEMENTATAION OF PITCH ANGLE WIND TURBINE POSISION FOR MAXIMUM POWER PRODUCTION

This study implementation to trace the position of pitch angle wind turbine on the wind energy conversion system (WECS). The accurate position could maximize mechanical power. This evidence can be achieved by developing a prototype of wind turbine considering of dimensions and components of wind turbines, blade type, blade radius, specified work area of angular velocity and power production. Furthermore, the external aspects consist of the situation and condition of the wind farm with a low wind speed (3-6) m / s is also considerate. Tracking test of the blade angle position is achieved by providing a wind from the blower with a varied pace, the position of the turbine blade pitch angle can be set up online via PC with a change of 5.6 0 every single step angle for range (0-90) 0 . When the wind energy is input to a turbine at 5193 watts in 100 seconds, the wind energy that can be extracted into the mechanical energy of = 1630 watts or = 16 watts / s. This number is the maximum power value. In contrast, the minimum mechanical power production at the position of blade angle (72.8 0 , produces mechanical power = 89 watts, or an average of 1,3 watt /s. This ratio of the position of the minimum and maximum blade angle indicates the minimum and the maximum power ratio = 1:16. Thus the position of the turbine blade angle significantly influence on the production of mechanical and electrical power.
Detection of multiple anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep and goats of northern Punjab, Pakistan.

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats. One hundred and sixty small ruminants comprised four breeds, sheep (Salt range and Pak Karakul) and goats (Jattal and Beetal) were selected for this experiment. These animals were artificially infected with nematodes (Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta). FECs were done to confirm the presence of adult stages of H. contortus and T. circumcincta. The selected sheep and goat were divided into four groups. First group was treated with albendazole, second with levamisole, third with ivermectin and fourth kept as untreated to serve as control. Faecal samples were collected on day first prior to administration of treatment followed by day 14 post treatment. The efficacy of each anthelmintic was measured using the faecal egg count reduction test and egg hatch test. The percentage reduction in FECs (95% CI) for albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin for salt range sheep were 88%, 89% and 99%, for Pak karakul sheep, 91%, 90% and 97%, for Jattal goat 91%, 91% and 98%, and for Beetal goat 91%, 92% and 99%. All results showed the presence of multiple anthelmintic resistances in selected sheep and goats flocks. All flocks were found resistance against the albendazol and three were resistance against levamisole. The arithmetic faecal egg count reduction with albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin recorded for H. contortus and T. circumcincta indicated the resistance against albendazole and levamisole and susceptibility of these worms against ivermectin. The results revealed that a significant difference (P<0.05) of FECRT were found on pre-treatment and post-treatment with different anthelmintic drug as compared to control group in all the flocks. The results of egg hatch test indicated that LC50 were ranged from 0.138 μg/mL to 0.141 μg/mL for four breeds, which were more than 0.1ug/ml of albendazole. Result indicates that resistance was found in the eggs with albendazole. The egg hatch assay also confirmed the result of faecal egg count reduction test.
Assessment of Color, Capsaicinoids, Carotenoids and Fatty Acids Composition of Paprika Produced from Moroccan Pepper Cultivars (Capsicum Annuum L.)

Analysed quality parameters of paprika powder ( Capsicum annuum L.) collected from three localities in Morocco (Tadla, Gharb and Elkalaa des Sraghna) were color, total capsaicinoids, total carotenoid, fat content and fatty acid composition. The oil contents of paprika powder collected from the three localities varied relatively from 7.55g to 8.67 g/100 g. The main fatty acids among the different paprika oils were linoleic acid (60.1–70.9%), oleic acid (12.1–16.1%) and palmitic acid (7.7-14.5%). Remarkable amounts of capsaicinoids were found in the different locations, with a maximum obtained for Elkalaa des Sraghna paprika (184.97mg/kg). Total carotenoid content values averaged from 2323.66 to 3025.05 mg/kg dw with the high content obtained for the Tadla paprika. The ASTA Values differ significantly between the three localities; the high value of ASTA 20 was obtained for Tadla paprika. The present study showed that the different paprika powders are a potential source of valuable oil and Color that could be used for edible and industrial applications. Keywords : Capsicum annuum L. , Paprika, Oil, Fatty acid, Capsaicinoids, Total carotenoid, ASTA, Color.
Resistance of cowpea to Cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus Fab.): Knowledge level on the genetic advances

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ] is an important food legume. This crop considered as source of dietary protein is also used as a leafy vegetable in many African countries. Its usage as food and animal fodder is focused on food security and diminishing malnutrition particularly in marginal areas. Bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) is the most damaging, cosmopolitan pest of stored cowpea grains especially in the tropical region. Damage caused by this pest in cowpea is irreversible, resulting in significant loss of the grains. Several management approaches including physical barriers and biological or chemical methods are used for controlling bruchid in cowpea. Considering the qualitative and quantitative damages caused by bruchid to cowpea in storage, it is important to tackle the bruchid infestation. Development of cowpea lines resistant to bruchid is the most effective, eco-friendly and durable approach to limit the losses associated with this pest. This paper presents a review of the importance of cowpea grain, the extent of bruchid damage in cowpea and the possible control measures. The advances of conventional and molecular breeding in building resistance against this cowpea pest in cowpea are also discussed highlighting the knowledge gaps and their implications. The knowledge of the status of genetic advances will inform breeders and researchers in the development of bruchid-resistant cowpea lines. Key words: Bruchid resistance, cowpea, genetic improvement, storage insect pest.
Synopsis of the fossil Scleroderminae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of a new genus and four new species from Baltic amber

ABSTRACT A synopsis of the fossil flat wasps sclerodermine is provided. Four new species and one new genus from Baltic amber are described and illustrated, Archaeonoxus Colombo and Azevedo gen. nov., Archaeonoxus scintillatus Colombo and Azevedo sp. nov., Allobethylus bei Colombo and Azevedo sp. nov., Glenosema electrum Colombo and Azevedo sp. nov., and Nothepyris pretiosus Colombo and Azevedo sp. nov. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8E61B328-ED45-40D6-A060-2D704AD0C38A
Genetic Algorithm to Detect Different Sizes' Communities from Protein-Protein Interaction Networks

The community detection in large networks is an important problem in many scientific fields ranging from Biology to Sociology and Computer Science. In this paper, we are interested in the detection of communities in the Protein-protein or Gene-gene Interaction (PPI) networks. These networks represent protein-protein or gene-gene interactions which corresponds to a set of proteins or genes that collaborate at the same cellular function. The goal is to identify such communities from gene annotation sources such as Gene Ontology. We propose a Genetic Algorithm based approach to detect communities having different sizes from PPI networks. For this purpose, we use a fitness function based on a similarity measure and the interaction value between proteins or genes. Moreover, a specific solution for representing a community and a specific mutation operator are introduced. In the computational tests carried out in this work, the introduced algorithm achieved excellent results to detect existing or even new communities from Protein-protein or Gene-gene Interaction networks.
Measurements of Near Wall Turbulent Structure in a Microbubble Flow Using a Highly Magnifying Telecentric PIV/PTV System

An experimental investigation has been made regarding a turbulent structure of a horizontal channel flow with microbubbles. In the present study, we approached by two techniques, one is a Highly Magnifying Telecentric PIV/PTV system, and another is a measurement using a shear stress sensor. In bubbly flow, the PTV measurement is hampered by existence of a large number of bubbles in optical path and scatter light on the bubble surface. The system enables clear measurements of bubbles and liquid phase from closer distance by using rectangular prisms and telecentric lens, and bubbles' form measurements by using laser induced fluorescent and shadow imaging technique. The experiments have been carried out for flow conditions with Reynolds number ranging from 10,000 to 50,000 and void fraction up to 0.04. In the case of Reynolds number is 10,000, the large bubbles of approximately 5mm in diameter, which creep on the wall, increased a velocity gradient near the wall. The velocity profile was reduced with the increasing of the air injection by the bubble's diameter and form for Reynolds number of 30,000. In contrast, there was no noticeable change of the flow structure by bubbles for Reynolds number of 50,000, since bubbles diffused to the distant region from the wall. The shear stress measurements indicated that an increase by up to 40% of the drag force for Reynolds number is 10,000. On the other hand, the drag force was decreasing with an increasing of void fraction for Reynolds number is 30,000 to 50,000. The results of the shear stress sensor confirmed the Highly Magnifying Telecentric PIV/PTV measurements.
Eco-Friendly Control Strategies of Green Stink Bug, Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Repellency and Toxicity Effects of Callistemon citrinus, Bottle Brush Essential Oil

The bioactivity of Callistemon citrinus leaves essential oil against green stink bug, Nezara viridula was evaluated as alternative eco-friendly pesticide. The tested essential oil have high insecticidal activity to N. viridula adult where, the lethal concentrations of LC10, LC25 and LC50 were recorded (105.22, 536.80 and 3274.72 ppm), respectively. The repellent effects on N. viridula adult of the three tested concentrations were 48.01, 56.35 and 81.33 % after one hour of exposure time, respectively. The chemical composition analysis of bottle brush essential oil by GC/MS revealed 24 compounds represented 99.47% of the whole amount oil. The major constituent 1,8cineole represented (73.81%) followed by α pinene (13.13%), D-limonene (5.50%), β-pinene (2.49%) and α-Terpineol (1.10%) assumed 96.03% of the total oil composition, while the minor components were 3.97%. Treatment with all concentrations of C. citrinus essential oil exhibited some physiological defects that cleared in the reduction in total soluble protein levels and elevation in carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, nonspecific estrases and acid & alkaline phosphatases activities. Moreover, the LC50 inhibited acetyl cholinesterase activity in treated adults. Therefore the oil proved high potency in controlling the N. viridula.
Measures of galaxy dust and gas mass with Herschel photometry and prospects for ALMA

(Abridged) Combining the deepest Herschel extragalactic surveys (PEP, GOODS-H, HerMES), and Monte Carlo mock catalogs, we explore the robustness of dust mass estimates based on modeling of broad band spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with two popular approaches: Draine & Li (2007, DL07) and a modified black body (MBB). As long as the observed SED extends to at least 160-200 micron in the rest frame, M(dust) can be recovered with a >3 sigma significance and without the occurrence of systematics. An average offset of a factor ~1.5 exists between DL07- and MBB-based dust masses, based on consistent dust properties. At the depth of the deepest Herschel surveys (in the GOODS-S field) it is possible to retrieve dust masses with a S/N>=3 for galaxies on the main sequence of star formation (MS) down to M(stars)~1e10 [M(sun)] up to z~1. At higher redshift (z 1, the delta(GDR) dependence on metallicity is consistent with the local relation. We combine far-IR Herschel data and sub-mm ALMA expected fluxes to study the advantages of a full SED coverage.
Cost of Carry on Steroids: Application to Oil Futures Pricing

This paper develops an empirical cost of carry model with exogenously conditioned convenience yield. The approach is implemented using monthly prices of all futures contracts traded at the New York Mercantile Exchange between 1985 and 2006. Tests indicate that the model fits the data extremely well, much better than the unconditional model. Though the paper concentrates on oil, the approach can be used for any other commodity with well-developed futures markets.
Spatial agglomeration and product market competition

This paper tests the hypothesis that product market competition has a negative impact on spatial agglomeration. This hypothesis emerges as an interpretation of the models by Combes and Duranton (2001) and Alsleben (2005) which are about firms’ location choice in the presence of knowledge spillovers. Using data for German manufacturing industries, the result is that, while controlling for other agglomeration forces, higher industrial concentration, measured by the Herfindahl index of concentration of sales, implies stronger spatial agglomeration, as measured by Ellison and Glaeser’s (1997) index of concentration. * Universität Dortmund, Lehrstuhl VWL (Mikroökonomie), Graduiertenkolleg, Vogelpothsweg 87, D-44227 Dortmund, c.alsleben@wiso.uni-dortmund. I thank Michael Roos and Wolfram Richter for their helpful comments and Emir Dzinic for excellent research assistance. Financial support of the German Research Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.