Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the Nutrition Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Different Types of Sweet Potato Cultivars

In this study, we selected four different color fleshed sweet potatoes, purple- (Jizi 01), red- (Xinong 431), yellow- (Beijing 553) and white- (Shangshu 19) fleshed cultivars as test materials, analyzed nutrient composition, dietary fiber content, anthocyanins quantification, and total phenolics content, and also measured their total antioxidant activity in four different types of sweet potato. In view of differences in flesh color, the nutrient contents of different cultivars appeared to be significantly different. Starch contents of Beijing 553 and Shangshu 19 were higher, but fat contents were lower than others. Protein content of Shangshu 19 was the highest followed by Jizi 01 and Xinong 431. In addition, our analysis results confirmed that purple fleshed sweet potato possesses much higher anthocyanins content than others, even up to 6.23 mg/g dry matter. Also, dietary fiber, total phenolics content, and total antioxidant capacity of Jizi 01 were significantly higher.
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Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes the 3 major forms of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and cutaneous malignant melanoma. Public awareness of the risk is not optimal, overall compliance with sun protection is inconsistent, and melanoma rates continue to rise. The risk of skin cancer increases when people overexpose themselves to sun and intentionally expose themselves to artificial sources of UVR. Yet, people continue to sunburn, and teenagers and adults alike remain frequent visitors to tanning parlors. Pediatricians should provide advice about UVR exposure during health-supervision visits and at other relevant times. Advice includes avoiding sunburning, wearing clothing and hats, timing activities (when possible) before or after periods of peak sun exposure, wearing protective sunglasses, and applying and reapplying sunscreen. Advice should be framed in the context of promoting outdoor physical activity. Adolescents should be strongly discouraged from visiting tanning parlors. Sun exposure and vitamin D status are intertwined. Cutaneous vitamin D production requires sunlight exposure, and many factors, such as skin pigmentation, season, and time of day, complicate efficiency of cutaneous vitamin D production that results from sun exposure. Adequate vitamin D is needed for bone health. Accumulating information suggests a beneficial influence of vitamin D on many health conditions. Although vitamin D is available through the diet, supplements, and incidental sun exposure, many children have low vitamin D concentrations. Ensuring vitamin D adequacy while promoting sun-protection strategies will require renewed attention to children's use of dietary and supplemental vitamin D.
“It Turned My World Upside Down”: Latino Youths’ Perspectives on Immigration

Few studies have examined the migration and acculturation experiences of Latino youth in a newly emerging Latino community, communities that historically have had low numbers of Latino residents. This study uses in-depth interview data from the Latino Adolescent, Migration, Health, and Adaptation (LAMHA) project, a mixed-methods study, to document the experiences of Latino youth (aged 14-18) growing up in one emerging Latino community in the southeastern region of North Carolina. Using adolescent’s own words and descriptions, this study shows how migration can turn an adolescent’s world upside down, and it discovers the adaptive strategies that Latino immigrant youth use to turn their world right-side-up as they adapt to life in the United States.
Collagen peptides in osteogenesis imperfecta, idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome

We evaluated the potential of the carboxy‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), the carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of collagen I (ICTP), and the amino‐terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) to differentiate osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) from Ehlers Danlos syndrome (EDS) and idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO) in paediatric patients. Markedly decreased serum concentrations of PICP were found in type I OI, while in IJO they were much less diminished, and in EDS they were near to normal. In type III and IV OI, the serum PICP level was lowered in prepubertal patients, whereas at puberty it was comparable to that in controls. Serum ICTP and PIIINP levels in patients with OI did not differ significantly from the levels in EDS and IJO. Measurements of scrum PICP levels seem to be useful in discriminating OI from EDS and IJO in prepubertal children. In pubertal children, however, they lose their diagnostic power.
Nicotine Enhances 1‐Methyl‐4‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridine Neurotoxicity

Abstract: Epidemiologic evidence of an inverse relationship between cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease suggests that a component of cigarette smoke protects against nigrostriatal degeneration. Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, is similar in chemical structure to 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and is metabolized in part by the same enzymes that detoxify MPTP. We investigated the effect of chronic nicotine on MPTP neurotoxicity in two strains of mice and found that nicotine increases rather than decreases MPTP toxicity. These results are not compatible with the hypothesis that nicotine is that component of cigarette smoke that protects against nigrostriatal degeneration, at least in the MPTP experimental model of Parkinson's disease.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Respiratory Outcome in Premature Infants

A persistent ductus arteriosus is a common event in preterm infants. The systemic-to-pulmonary shunting that occurs as the pulmonary vascular resistance decreases after birth can have significant cardiovascular and respiratory consequences. Acute pulmonary effects include pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, worsened lung mechanics and deterioration in gas exchange with hypoxemia and hypercapnia. The increased pulmonary blood flow can also produce damage to the capillary endothelium and trigger an inflammatory cascade. This, plus the need for longer and more aggressive mechanical ventilation, can explain the association between patent ductus arteriosus and an increased risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature infants.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Cerebral Gliomas in Northwest Greece and Study of Potential Predisposing Factors, 2005–2007

Background: To investigate the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics (age, sex, tumor location, socioeconomic status) and potential predisposing factors (alcohol, tobacco, mobile phone use, severe head trauma) of cerebral gliomas in a defined area of Northwest Greece. Methods: The prospective study was conducted in patients with gliomas referred to all 7 hospitals of a study area with a population of 488,435 inhabitants, from June 1, 2005, to May 31, 2007. Incidence rates (IR) were calculated as new cases diagnosed among residents of the study area during the study period per 100,000 inhabitants. A case-control study was carried out in order to study the possible association of the risk of glioma with smoking, alcohol, use of mobile phone, and severe cranial trauma. Results: A total of 56 glioma incident cases were identified with IRs of glioma and glioblastoma (GBM) at 5.73/105/year and 3.69/105/year, respectively. A male to female ratio of 1.25 was obtained in the GBM group. IRs of glioma and GBM for both males and females were higher in the age group 60–79. The most frequent anatomic location was the frontal lobe. 46.5% of the patients originated from the low, 25% from the middle and 28.5% from the high socioeconomic class. There was no significant association between glioma and alcohol consumption, smoking and mobile phone use. A trend for a positive association between the risk of glioma and a history of severe cranial trauma was observed, but this association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The estimated IR of glioma and GBM in this study was higher compared with data from other studies carried out on European, Asian and US populations. Further studies may be needed to assess the possible association of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors with the high occurrence of gliomas observed in this study.
Bank Regulation and Income Distribution: Evidence from Branch Deregulation

Policymakers and economist disagree about the impact of bank regulations on the distribution of income. In this paper, we test whether liberalizing restrictions on intra- state branching in the states of the Unite d States from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s intensified, ameliorated, or had no effect on the Gini coe fficient of income distribution. Besides boosting average incomes, branch deregulation lowered income inequality. Furthermore, deregulation reduced income inequality among female wage and salary earners and among the self-employed.
Differential response to alcohol in light and moderate female social drinkers

Individuals who are moderate drinkers are at increased risk to abuse alcohol. Moreover, women are more vulnerable than men to the adverse consequences of alcohol consumption and recent data indicate that the drinking pattern in women is becoming more similar to that of men. However, few studies have determined whether female moderate drinkers (MD) show a differential response to the subjective and performance effects of alcohol, compared to female light drinkers (LD). Fifteen female MD who consumed an average of 34.7 drinks/month were compared to 15 female LD who consumed an average of 6.7 drinks/month. None of the participants had a first-degree family history of alcoholism or substance abuse. The acute effects of alcohol (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/kg) were evaluated using a double-blind, placebo-controlled outpatient design. Drug effects were assessed using a full range of performance measures, subjective-effects questionnaires and observer ratings. Alcohol impaired performance in a dose-related manner on all performance tasks for both groups of females. However, MD were less impaired than LD on balance and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). This reduced response was also evident from the observer ratings, with MD being viewed as less impaired by alcohol than LD. While ratings of Drug Liking increased in both groups of women on the ascending limb of the breath alcohol curve, alcohol was disliked by LD on the descending limb and LD reported increased ratings of Bad Drug Effects following the high dose of alcohol. The reduced performance impairment, coupled with the positive subjective effects and relative absence of adverse subjective effects, suggestive of behavioral tolerance, could result in a progression towards increased alcohol consumption among moderate female social drinkers.
Optimization of propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography for breast cancer imaging

The aim of this study was to optimise the experimental protocol and data analysis for in-vivo breast cancer x-ray imaging. Results are presented of the experiment at the SYRMEP beamline of Elettra Synchrotron using the propagation-based phase-contrast mammographic tomography method, which incorporates not only absorption, but also x-ray phase information. In this study the images of breast tissue samples, of a size corresponding to a full human breast, with radiologically acceptable x-ray doses were obtained, and the degree of improvement of the image quality (from the diagnostic point of view) achievable using propagation-based phase-contrast image acquisition protocols with proper incorporation of x-ray phase retrieval into the reconstruction pipeline was investigated. Parameters such as the x-ray energy, sample-to-detector distance and data processing methods were tested, evaluated and optimized with respect to the estimated diagnostic value using a mastectomy sample with a malignant lesion. The results of quantitative evaluation of images were obtained by means of radiological assessment carried out by 13 experienced specialists. A comparative analysis was performed between the x-ray and the histological images of the specimen. The results of the analysis indicate that, within the investigated range of parameters, both the objective image quality characteristics and the subjective radiological scores of propagation-based phase-contrast images of breast tissues monotonically increase with the strength of phase contrast which in turn is directly proportional to the product of the radiation wavelength and the sample-to-detector distance. The outcomes of this study serve to define the practical imaging conditions and the CT reconstruction procedures appropriate for low-dose phase-contrast mammographic imaging of live patients at specially designed synchrotron beamlines.
Summation Effects in Human Learning: Evidence from Patterning Discriminations in Goal-Tracking

Participants in two human goal-tracking experiments were simultaneously trained with negative patterning (NP) and positive patterning (PP) discriminations (A+, B+, AB–, C–, D–, CD+). Both elemental and configural models of associative learning predict a PP advantage, such that NP is solved less readily than PP. However, elemental models like the unique cue approach additionally predict responding in AB– trials to be initially stronger than that in A+ and B+ trials due to summation of associative strength. Both experiments revealed a PP advantage and a strong summation effect in AB– trials in the first half of the experiments, irrespective of whether the same US was used for both discriminations (Experiment 1) or two different USs (Experiment 2). We discuss that the correct predictions of the unique cue approach are based on its assumptions of non-normalized and context-independent stimulus processing rather than elemental processing per se.
Deadspace: a potential error in concentration of medication during dilutional process in neonates.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the volume of deadspace (DS) and degree of errors in concentration of medications during medication dilution with needle removable syringe (NRS) compared to needle nonremovable syringe (NNRS). MATERIAL AND METHOD 300 syringes were tested and divided into 3 groups as follows: The first group was 100 syringes of needle removable insulin 1 ml syringe (NRIS) with a 27 gauge needle (Terumo), the second group was 100 syringes of NRIS with a 27 gauge needle (Nipro) and third group 3 was 100 syringes of needle non removable insulin syringe (NNRIS) with a 27 gauge needle (Terumo). All syringes with needle sets (without needle cover) were weighed with a Mettler electronic balance. Volume of DS was measured and calculated using a standard method. 10 syringes of each group were randomly selected to test for degree of errors in concentration of medications during the dilutional process using standard insulin (310 micro unit per ml) as a medication for dilution. All specimens were collected by ejecting all diluents into collecting tubes and insulin concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay technique (insulin-CT biointernational, France) twice in each sample. Concentration was then calculated back and the results were noted and analysed. RESULTS Means of DS in group 3 (2.4 +/- 0.8 microl) was significantly less than group 1 (49.7 +/- 00.9 microl) and group 2 (65.3 +/- 0.7 microl) (median = 2 microlitre). All three groups were significantly different from each other with the largest DS in group 2. After dilution, insulin concentrations from diluents in group 3 were still close to standard insulin (335 +/- 28 vs 310 microunits/ml), whereas group 1 and 2 were significantly higher than group 3 (1.7 and 1.9 times) and standard insulin (1.8 and 2 times). CONCLUSIONS DS in NRIS is not negligible and is considered a potential source of error in the concentration of medications when it is used to dilute parenteral medications in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
The Myth of the De Se

An increasingly popular line of thought in both philosophy and linguistics is one that I will call, unsympathetically, ‘The myth of the de se’. Like most myths, it is not easy to articulate precisely what its content is, and different versions of the myth bear at best a family resemblance to each other. But at least one central line of thought which runs at the core of the myth consists of the following:
Child Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effective Control and Prevention Require a Health Promotion Approach

Malaria remains a vital concern of child survival in sub-Saharan Africa despite the existence of effective curative and preventive measures. It is known that child malaria is underpinned by factors such as socioeconomic, cultural, environmental, and so forth, that must be considered simultaneously in order to effectively control it. This study applied to a rural community in Benin (West Africa) the Health Promotion concept (community participation and empowerment, contextualism, intersectorality, multistrategy, equity, and sustainability) to develop a program in order to control child malaria and close the gap of unsuccessful programs. The study design was a quasi-experimental pre-post conducted over a period of 27 months. As results, 80% of the community members participated in six of the seven sub-projects planned. The prevalence of fever (malaria) was significantly reduced after the intervention (p = 0.008). The recourse to adequate health care has significantly increased after the intervention (χ2 = 48.07, p = 0.000000). All these contributed to a statistically significant reduction of children deaths due to malaria (p = 0.001) in the village. Health Promotion strategies are likely to contribute to sustainable malaria programs' implementation that reduce malaria incidence and deaths in children under five.
Shoulder disorders in general practice: prognostic indicators of outcome.

BACKGROUND Shoulder pain is common in primary health care. Nevertheless, information on the outcome of shoulder disorders is scarce, especially for patients encountered in general practice. AIM To study the course of shoulder disorders in general practice and to determine prognostic indicators of outcome. METHOD For this prospective follow-up study, 11 Dutch general practitioners recruited 349 patients with new episodes of shoulder pain. The participants filled out a questionnaire at presentation and further ones after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months; these contained questions on the nature, severity and course of the shoulder complaints. The association between potential prognostic indicators and the status of shoulder complaints (absence or presence of symptoms) was evaluated after one and 12 months of follow-up. RESULTS After one month, 23% of all patients showed complete recovery; this figure increased to 59% after one year. A speedy recovery seemed to be related to preceding overuse or slight trauma and early presentation. A high risk of persistent or recurrent complaints was found for patients with concomitant neck pain and severe pain during the day at presentation. CONCLUSION A considerable number of patients (41%) showed persistent symptoms after 12 months. It may be possible to distinguish patients who will show a speedy recovery from those with a high risk of long-standing complaints by determining whether there is a history of slight trauma or overuse, an early presentation or an absence of concomitant neck pain.
Vitamin D and cognitive function

Abstract The role of vitamin D in skeletal health is well established, but more recent findings have also linked vitamin D deficiency to a range of non-skeletal conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, stroke and metabolic disorders including diabetes. Cognitive impairment and dementia must now be added this list. Vitamin D receptors are widespread in brain tissue, and vitamin D's biologically active form [1,25(OH)2D3] has shown neuroprotective effects including the clearance of amyloid plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease. Associations have been noted between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and Alzheimer's disease and dementia in both Europe and the US. Similarly, the risk of cognitive impairment was up to four times greater in the severely deficient elders (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L) in comparison with individuals with adequate levels (≥ 75 nmol/L). Further studies have also shown associations between low 25(OH)D concentrations and cerebrovascular events such as large vessel infarcts, risk of cerebrovascular accident and fatal stroke. Cross-sectional studies cannot establish temporal relationships because cognitive decline and the onset of dementia itself may influence vitamin D concentrations through behavioural and dietary changes. However, two large prospective studies recently indicated that low vitamin D concentrations may increase the risk of cognitive decline. Large, well designed randomized controlled trials are now needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is effective at preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
Evidence Based Management of Spontaneous Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis: A Literature Review

Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) thrombosis is a rare but potentially fatal condition. First described in 1912 as a complication of peritonsillar abscess it is now known to have a varied aetiology. The leading cause of IJV thrombosis is the use of the IJV for venous access and central venous catheterisation. We present a comprehensive literature review of idiopathic internal jugular vein thrombosis and also present our management experience of this rare condition in an otherwise healthy 60 year old woman. The patient was admitted with a 5 day history of an enlarging right sided neck swelling that was initially associated with redness and pain. Clinically she was stable but there was a tender, soft, diffuse swelling along the length of the right sternomastoid muscle. The overlying skin was mildly erythematous. The ultrasound scan showed occlusive thrombosis of right IJV. Blood cultures, a chest x-ray and computed tomography of chest were all normal. The patient was put on warfarin for 6 months. All the subsequent investigations were normal. Or literature review shows that IJV thrombosis is an important differential diagnosis in a neck swelling. Along with various other factors, it can also occur as a complication of head and neck malignancy, and rarely can be its first manifestation. On other occasions a specific aetiology is never found. Multidisciplinary team approach is required to manage the patient efficiently and the patient needs to be investigated thoroughly to rule out a pathological cause of IJV thrombosis.