Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The viral etiology of an influenza‐like illness during the 2009 pandemic†

Many viruses are known to cause influenza‐like illness (ILI); however, in nearly 50% of patients, the etiologic agent remains unknown. The distribution of viruses in patients with ILI was investigated during the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic (A/H1N1p). From June 2009 to January 2010, 660 patients with suspected influenza were questioned and examined, and nasal swabs were collected. All patient samples were tested for influenza virus, and 286 negative nasal swabs were tested further for 18 other respiratory viruses using real‐time RT‐PCR. Two waves of ILI were observed in the epidemic curve (weeks 35–42 and 42–49). At least eight viruses co‐circulated during this period: human rhinovirus (HRV) (58), parainfluenza 1–4 viruses (PIV) (9), human Coronavirus (hCoV) OC43 (9), enterovirus (5), adenovirus (AdV) (4), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (2); however, 204 samples remained negative for all viruses tested. ILI symptoms, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for ILI definition, were reported in 75% of cases. These patients had positive swabs for A/H1N1p, HRV, hCoV‐OC43, PIV, AdV, and hMPV without significant difference with non‐ILI patients. This study found that many respiratory viruses circulated during this period and that the A/H1N1p did not impact on the kinetics of other respiratory viruses. The proportion of non‐documented cases remains high. ILI could not distinguish A/H1N1p infection from that due to other respiratory viruses. However, in multivariate anlaysis, cough, chills, hyperemia, and dyspnea were associated significantly with influenza virus versus other respiratory viruses. J. Med. Virol. 84: 1071–1079, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Re-use of Collateral: Leverage, Volatility, and Welfare

We assess the quantitative implications of the re-use of collateral on financial market leverage, volatility, and welfare within an infinite-horizon asset-pricing model with heterogeneous agents. In our model, the ability of agents to re-use frees up collateral that can be used to back more transactions. Re-use thus contributes to the build-up of leverage and significantly increases volatility in financial markets. When introducing limits on re-use, we find that volatility is strictly decreasing as these limits become tighter, yet the impact on welfare is non-monotone. In the model, allowing for some re-use can improve welfare as it enables agents to share risk more effectively. Allowing reuse beyond intermediate levels, however, can lead to excessive leverage and lower welfare. So the analysis in this paper provides a rationale for limiting, yet not banning, re-use in financial markets.
Would Internal Corporate Social Responsibility Make a Difference in Professional Service Industry Employees' Turnover Intention? A Two-Stage Approach Using PLS-SEM

Purpose : The main objective of this research paper is to examine the role of Internal Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the professional service industry. Professional service industry was used as the contextual background as it is often hit by the issue of high turnover. This research paper capitalizes on Stakeholder Theory and Social Exchange Theory to investigate and explain the role played by Internal CSR in professional service industry turnover intention. Design/methodology/approach: Quantitative method by way of questionnaire survey was employed to gauge the respondents’ perceptions on the effect of Internal CSR practices. Multistage sampling and judgmental sampling are adopted. The data obtained was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings: Internal CSR practices are found to have a role to play in the professional service industry. Internal CSR practices could make a difference in employees’ turnover intention. This positive outcome is explained by the mediating roles of organizational commitment and job satisfaction, along with the direct relationship between Internal CSR practices and turnover intention. Besides, it was observed that the degree of Internal CSR practices is varied among the professional firms. Most of the firms are found to have implemented Internal CSR practices in the aspects of career opportunity, employee well-being, family friendly policy and organizationa l justice. Practical implications : The findings provide insights to the professional service firms on the manifestation influence of Internal CSR practices to curb turnover intention issue in the professional service industry. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal Vol. 9, No. 1 (2017) 25 Originality/ Values: This research paper adds value to current knowledge by highlighting the importance of Internal CSR, which past research had mostly focused on external CSR. The findings also contribute to the body of knowledge on the mediating effects of organizationa l commitment and job satisfaction instead of its direct relationship which had heavy research in the past. Besides, this research paper explored the underlying research issues by utilizing PLS-SEM that is not common in the field of organizational behavior.
Non-Commutative Representations of families of K2 Commutative polynomials in 2K2 Commuting Variables

Given a collection ${\mathcal P} = \{p_1(x_1, \ldots, x_{2k^2}), \ldots, p_{k^2}(x_1, \ldots, x_{2k^2})\}$ of k2 commutative polynomials in 2k2 variables, the objective is to find a condensed representation for these polynomials in terms of a single non-commutative (nc) polynomial p(X, Y) in two k × k matrix variables X and Y. In this paper, we develop algorithms that will generically determine whether the given family ${\mathcal P}$ has a nc representation and will produce such a representation if it exists. In particular, we determine an open, dense subset of the space of nc polynomials in two variables that satisfies the following property: if a family ${\mathcal P}$ of polynomials admits a nc representation in this subset, then our algorithms will determine this representation.
A Model for Financial Inclusion: The case of the Retail Industry in Zimbabwe

Inclusive financial systems allow broad access to financial services without price barriers to their use and are likely to benefit poor people and other disadvantaged groups. In Zimbabwe, little research has been done on financial inclusion since it is still a relatively new concept and hence no model has been developed to date. Therefore the purpose of this study is to explore the current extent of financial inclusion and to develop a model for financial inclusion for Zimbabwei¯s retail industry. A sample of 16 bank managers and 4 supermarket managers were interviewed. The results indicated that although the retail industry had embraced some of the financial inclusion initiatives, other initiatives were still not being accepted. The resultant model was developed from the identified factors influencing financial inclusion in the study borrowing ideas from the 5Ps of financial inclusion identified in the mid 2010s.
The Acinetobacter baumannii 19606 OmpA Protein Plays a Role in Biofilm Formation on Abiotic Surfaces and in the Interaction of This Pathogen with Eukaryotic Cells

ABSTRACT The ability of Acinetobacter baumannii to adhere to and persist on surfaces as biofilms could be central to its pathogenicity. The production of pili and a biofilm-associated protein and the expression of antibiotic resistance are needed for robust biofilm formation on abiotic and biotic surfaces. This multistep process also depends on the expression of transcriptional regulatory functions, some of which could sense nutrients available to cells. This report extends previous observations by showing that although outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of A. baumannii 19606 plays a partial role in the development of robust biofilms on plastic, it is essential for bacterial attachment to Candida albicans filaments and A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. In contrast to abiotic surfaces, the interaction with biotic surfaces is independent of the CsuA/BABCDE-mediated pili. The interaction of A. baumannii 19606 with fungal and epithelial cells also results in their apoptotic death, a response that depends on the direct contact of bacteria with these two types of eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, the bacterial adhesion phenotype correlates with the ability of bacteria to invade A549 epithelial cells. Interestingly, the killing activity of cell-free culture supernatants proved to be protease and temperature sensitive, suggesting that its cytotoxic activity is due to secreted proteins, some of which are different from OmpA.
Refocusing the Debate about Advocacy

The long-standing debate about whether conservation professionals should practice advocacy has been complicated, in part, because defining advocacy is challenging and controversial. Moving the debate beyond the current morass requires two things. First, the conservation community needs a clear and consistent interpretation of advocacy and those actions or statements that do and do not represent advocacy. This is necessary to dispel the notion that one is either an advocate for certain conservation policies or does nothing to contribute to conservation policy. Second, we believe a more fruitful discussion would unfold if the debate were refocused on the goals of the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) and on how those goals can be achieved most effectively. Here we examine these issues and suggest a way forward for the SCB and its members. The SCB has a long history of discussing and debating the issue of advocacy, its pros and cons, and whether or not advocacy should be practiced by conservation professionals (Noss 1996; Tracy & Brussard 1996; Scott et al. 2007). In a broader context, this debate addresses how SCB and its members can most effectively shape practices and policy that promote conservation of biological diversity. Indeed, one of the six goals outlined by SCB in its 2006–2010 strategic plan is to advance conservation policy by providing the “highest quality scientific counsel, analysis, and recommendations” (http://www.conbio.org/aboutus/).
Controlling Invasive Exotics: A Tallow Tree Replacement Program Campaign In Florida

The experiences of a community group in Florida that sponsored a campaign to curb local expansion of Sapium sebijerum (tallow tree), an invasive exotic tree, may be useful for other exotic species control programs. Success of the tallow replacement program was due, in part, to a partnership formed with the nursery industry. Convincing the public that not all trees are environmentally beneficial and enlisting public participation in the campaign were major challenges. Assistance came in the unexpected form of several vitriolic letters to the editor of the local newspaper in which the sponsors of the program were condemned for believing that they had the right to determine the fate of a tree, even an invasive exotic. The published exchange of letters was beneficial insofar as it kept the issue of exotics prominently in the public eye.
Wide-Area Emergency Control in Power Transmission

Stabiliser faults in multi-machine power systems are examined in this paper where fault-masking and system reconfiguration of the nonlinear system are obtained using a virtual actuator approach. Phasor Measurement Units, which can be integrated in wide-area transmission grids to improve the performance of power system stabilisers, are utilised when reconfiguring remaining stabilisers after a local failure has made one inoperable. A stability-preserving reconfiguration is designed using absolute stability results for Lure type systems. The calculation of a virtual actuator that relies on the solution of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) is detailed in the paper. Simulation results of a benchmark transmission system show the ability of the fault-tolerant reconfiguration strategy to maintain wide-area stability of a power system despite failure in one of the stabilisers.
PONV in Ambulatory surgery: A comparison between Ramosetron and Ondansetron: a prospective, double-blinded, and randomized controlled study

Background: postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) frequently hampers implementation of ambulatory surgery in spite of so many antiemetic drugs and regimens. Aims: the study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Ramosetron and Ondansetron in preventing PONV after ambulatory surgery. Setting and Design: it was a prospective, double blinded, and randomized controlled study. Methods: 124 adult patients of either sex, aged 25-55, of ASA physical status I and II, scheduled for day care surgery, were randomly allocated into Group A [(n=62) receiving (IV) Ondansetron (4 mg)] and Group B [(n=62) receiving IV Ramosetron (0.3 mg)] prior to the induction of general anesthesia in a double-blind manner. Episodes of PONV were noted at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 h, 6, 12, and 18 h postoperatively. Statistical Analysis and Results: statistically significant difference between Groups A and B (P <0.05) was found showing that Ramosetron was superior to Ondansetron as antiemetic both regarding frequency and severity. Conclusion: it was evident that preoperative prophylactic administration of single dose IV Ramosetron (0.3 mg) has better efficacy than single dose IV Ondansetron (4 mg) in reducing the episodes of PONV over 18 h postoperatively in patients undergoing day-care surgery under general anesthesia.
Spin-offs: Accounting and Financial Issues Across the Literature

L’operation de spin-off s’apparente a une scission partielle, et s’analyse comme une strategie a multiples detentes d’un point de vue comptable et financier. La maison mere se separe de l’une de ses activites, dont les actions vont etre introduites sur le marche. C’est l’occasion pour elle de preparer minutieusement l’operation du point de vue de la gestion des resultats comptables de la societe scindee. Mais c’est aussi eventuellement pour elle la possibilite d’utiliser le spin-off comme instrument de gestion de sa decote boursiere due a sa diversification, et comme outil de creation de valeur. En plus d’un point sur la litterature comptable et financiere relative aux spin-offs, un modele general propose une vision integree des processus de spin-off qui est necessaire et manquante actuellement.
Students’ Perceptions on Studying Accounting Information System Course

Information technology improves our lives and changes the business world. Business transactions and activities can now be handled by the computer system efficiently and effectively, and make the financial information quickly available for decision makers. Learning accounting information system becomes essential in nowadays study. Not only academic study at schools, professional bodies also require members to have knowledge in accounting information system. To understand the perceptions of students on the course of accounting information system, this study investigate their perceptions on ease of use, usefulness and acceptance. It provides insights to academics on planning the course of accounting information system for the students.
XBRL Acceptance in India: A Behavioral Study

XBRL is fast becoming the new paradigm for reporting of financial information digitally. XBRL brings structure to business information with comprehensive description and contextual information for advanced analysis. It enhances the efficiency of financial reporting, accuracy, timeliness and reliability of financial data. Many Indian companies still resist using it. The present research uses technology acceptance model to analyze the perception of financial experts in respect of acceptance of XBRL as reporting method. The result revealed that using XBRL increases productivity but interacting with the XBRL requires lot of mental efforts. These findings can be an empirical and theoretical foundation to accelerate the adoption of XBRL in India.
Transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor in protection and healing of gastric mucosal injury.

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) present in the gastric mucosa are polypeptides with similar biologic activity. This study compares the activity of TGF and EGF in the protection against injury by 100% ethanol and stress and in healing of acute gastric ulcerations. TGF and EGF (12.5-100 micrograms/kg-h) infused subcutaneously 30 min before and during ethanol or stress decreased mucosal lesions dose-dependently. The ID50 for ethanol- and stress-induced lesions after TGF were 40 and 70 micrograms/kg-h and after EGF 60 and 100 micrograms/kg-h. TGF and EGF infused subcutaneously into intact rats inhibited gastric acid secretion but did not affect the gastric blood flow or mucosal generation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Both TGF and EGF also significantly enhanced the healing of stress-induced lesions and the restoration of DNA synthesis. Ethanol and stress reduced blood flow in the oxyntic mucosa by 68% and 51%, respectively, and this effect was partially reversed by EGF and TGF. Pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally), which reduced mucosal generation of PGE2 by 85%, decreased in part the protection by TGF and EGF against ethanol-induced damage and virtually abolished the protective action of these peptides against stress-induced injury. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Role of Tuition Centers in the Performance and Achievement of Students: A Case of Hyderabad District, Sindh, Pakistan

This research is designed to explore the importance of tuition centers in the perception of students. It tries to find out the role, supporting methods, environment and good characteristics of tuition centers, their owners and management to support the student to learn effectively and bring good grades in their board examinations. A qualitative research method employed to collect data from the 30 participating students who receive tuition at different centers of Hyderabad district. Semi-structured interview protocol was design; discussed with five experts of field; improved as per suggestions of field experts; piloted on three students; and then implemented and conducted on the recruited sample of students of class Higher Secondary Certificate -II (XII) in order to collect data. The results revealed that the students who receive tuition at different centers bring good grades in their examination and have suitable knowledge about their subjects taught at centers. Their previous grades were found good and attractive such as A-1 and A with more than 80% and 70% marks respectively, due to coaching received at tuition centers that time, reveled from experiences shared by students.
The Impact of Knowledge-Intensive Service Provision on SME Performance: A Study in Software Industry

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto. fi Author Aku Valtakoski Name of the doctoral dissertation The Impact of Knowledge-Intensive Service Provision on SME Performance: A Study in Software Industry Publisher School of Science Unit Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 33/2011 Field of research Industrial Management Manuscript submitted 15 October 2010 Manuscript revised 7 April 2011 Date of the defence 13 May 2011 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Manufacturing firms increasingly include services in their offerings. Despite growing scholarly research on this phenomenon, there are still significant gaps in the current knowledge, particularly regarding the impact of service provision on product firm performance. This dissertation studies the impact of knowledge-intensive service provision and service capability on the performance of small and medium sized product firms in the context of software industry. Given the lack of prior theorizing about service provision, we used an inductive research design that consisted of three phases: an exploratory in-depth case study of one Finnish enterprise software firm; a comparative multiple case study of nine software firms; and a cross-sectional statistical study of 116 firms based on data from the Finnish software industry. In the in-depth case study, we identified the knowledge-based view of the firm as a potential theoretical grounding for understanding the impact of service provision. Based on this grounding, and cross-case analysis of the nine case firms, we identified 20 propositions regarding the impact of professional and development service provision on revenue growth and firm profitability, with various organizational and organizational contingencies. The statistical analysis provided weak to moderately significant support for most of these propositions, with contradictory evidence against two propositions. This contradictory evidence lead us to review and revise these propositions, leading to a more coherent theoretical explanation of service provision impact. The results of the study indicate that knowledge-intensive service provision does have an impact on product firm performance. However, the two types of service had opposite effects on performance. This impact was also moderated by state of competitive environment, offering characteristics, as well as internationalization. We also found that service capability has a significant positive impact on product firm performance if the firm has internationalized or uses service partners. This dissertation contributes to research on the role of services in product firms by providing additional evidence on service provision in the ICT sector, as well as the impact on firm performance, by developing a theoretical framework for understanding the strategic impact of services, and by studying service provision in the context of small, entrepreneurial firms.
Serum luteinizing hormone and plasma progesterone levels during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in cows.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured in serum with a radioimmunoassay and progesterone was measured in plasma with a competitive protein binding assay throughout the cycle and early pregnancy in cows. Blood samples (162) were collectedduring five estrouscyclesand fiveperiods of early pregnancy from seven nonlactating dairy cows. LH concentrationsas high as 100 ng/ml (range 7-100 ng/ml) were obtained 3 to 6 hr afterthe onset of estrus.Elevated levelslastedfor 8 to 10hr. LH was below 1 ng/ml during most of the 20 to 25 days following estrusin both pregnant and nonpregnant cows. The concentrations of progesterone in plasma reached a peak on day 14 in pregnant cows and on day 16 in nonpregnant cows. Progesterone concentrationswere higher from days 10 to 14 in the pregnant cows than in the nonpregnant cows. The concentrations of serum LH and plasma progesterone were not associatedduring the estrous cycle or early pregnancy as determined by submitting the data to regression analyses.
Virtual morality: emotion and action in a simulated three-dimensional "trolley problem".

Experimentally investigating the relationship between moral judgment and action is difficult when the action of interest entails harming others. We adopt a new approach to this problem by placing subjects in an immersive, virtual reality environment that simulates the classic "trolley problem. " In this moral dilemma, the majority of research participants behaved as "moral utilitarians," either (a) acting to cause the death of one individual in order to save the lives of five others, or (b) abstaining from action, when that action would have caused five deaths versus one. Confirming the emotional distinction between moral actions and omissions, autonomic arousal was greater when the utilitarian outcome required action, and increased arousal was associated with a decreased likelihood of utilitarian-biased behavior. This pattern of results held across individuals of different gender, age, and race.