Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward an interactive model of reading.

R eading is the process of understanding written language. It begins with a flutter of patterns on the retina and ends (when successful) with a definite idea about the author’s intended message. Thus, reading is at once a “perceptual” and a “cognitive” process. It is a process that bridges and blurs these two traditional distinctions. Moreover, a skilled reader must be able to make use of sensory, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic information to accomplish his task. These various sources of information appear to interact in many complex ways during the process of reading. A theorist faced with the task of accounting for reading must devise a formalism rich enough to represent all of these different kinds of information and their interactions. The study of reading was a central concern of early psychologists (see Huey, 1908). Now, after years of dormancy, reading has again become a central concern for many psychologists. It would seem that the advent of the information-processing approach to psychology has given both experimentalists and theorists paradigms within which to study the reading process. The formalisms of information processing, the flowcharts, notions of information flow, and so forth have served as useful vehicles for the development of first approximation models of the reading process. Unfortunately, the most familiar information-processing formalisms apply most naturally to models assuming a series of noninteracting stages of processing or (at best) a set of independent parallel processing units. There are many results in the reading literature that appear to call for highly interactive parallel processing units. It is my suspicion that the serial, noninteracting models have been developed not so much because of an abiding belief that interactions do not take place, but rather because the appropriate formalisms have not been available. It is the purpose of this chapter to adapt a formalism developed in the context of parallel computation to the specification of a model for reading and then show that such a model can account in a convenient way for those aspects of reading that appear puzzling in the context of more linear stage-oriented models. No claim is made about the adequacy of the particular model developed. The primary claim is that this richer formalism will allow for the specification of more detailed models. These will be able to characterize aspects of the reading process that are difficult or impossible to characterize within the more familiar information-processing formulations. First, I will review two recent models of the reading process. Then, I will discuss some of the empirical evidence that is not conveniently accounted for
Dihydro ̄avonols from Lannea coromandelica

The dihydro ̄avonols, (2R,3S )-(+)-3 ',5-dihydroxy-4 ',7-dimethoxydihydro ̄avonol and (2R,3R )-(+)-4 ',5,7trimethoxydihydro ̄avonol were isolated from the stem bark of Lannea coromandelica, along with the known (2R,3R )-(+)-4 ',7di-O-methyldihydroquercetin, (2R,3R )-(+)-4 ',7-di-O-methyldihydrokaempferol and (2R,3R )-(+)-4 '-O-methyldihydroquercetin. All ®ve compounds were isolated for the ®rst time from the genus Lannea; furthermore, (2R,3S )-(+)-3 ',5-dihydroxy-4 ',7dimethoxydihydro ̄avonol, was a rare cis-type isomer. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR and CD analysis. 7 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
EXPERIMENTAL SEEDING OF HATCHERY-REARED JUVENILE RED ABALONE IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

4BSTRACT The feasibility of enhancing populations of red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, by seeding juveniles was evaluated in Northern California. We seeded 50,000 hatchery-reared juvenile red abalone averaging 8 mm in length in October 1995 into six sites: Caspar, Van Damme, Salt Point, Bodega Marine Life Refuge north, BMLR south, and Half Moon Bay. Recovery of juveniles at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years totaled less than 1% of the number seeded, however seed accounted for one-third of the 1995 cohort. t: Recovered juveniles with obvious hatchery markings grew 15 mm per year. Recapture rates were higher at three sites with urchin spine canopy microhabitat as compared to three sites without sea urchins. Although juvenile recoveries may not be good indicators of survival, poor recapture rates highlight the present importance of conservative fishery management strategies.
The optimum post-weaning growth using different levels of dietary protein in Pakistan calves

The aim of this study was to provide different levels of dietary protein for optimum growth performance in calves and to investigate the impact on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in serum. Female Sahiwal calves (n = 12, body weight (BW) = 40 ± 4.3 kg and age = 60 ± 10 days) were selected and divided into three groups with 4 animals in each group. Three diets of T0, T1 and T2 with 18, 20 and 22% of crude protein levels, respectively, were given to the calves to assess the post-weaning growth performance. Calves fed the T2 diet showed a higher (p < 0.05) dry matter (DM) intake than those fed the T0 and T1 diets. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the calves fed the T2 diet was lower (p < 0.05) than those of the calves fed the T0 and T1 diets. The T2 group had the highest BW (p < 0.05) compared with the other groups. The concentration of IGF-1 in serum increased (121.9, 143.3, and 152.9 ng/ml for T0, T1, and T2, respectively) as the crude protein (CP) level increased. Overall, the results of this study suggest that post weaning diets T1 and T2 with 20 and 22% crude protein in Sahiwal female calves had significantly increased the BW and serum IGF-1 concentration. The IGF-1 estimation might be a physiological indicator for growth performance.
Effect of Nigella sativa seeds on growth performance , blood parameters , carcass quality and antibody production in Japanese quails

To evaluate the effects of different levels of Nigella Sativa Seeds (NSS) in Japanese quail rations on performance, some blood parameters, carcass quality and antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), totally, 240 one-day old quails were allocated to four dietary treatments (with 4 replicates of 15 quail chicks each) in 4 levels of NSS (basal diet with 0% (control), 0.5% (treatment 1), 1% (treatment 2) and 1.5% (treatment 3)) for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis at 42 days of age. Two birds per replicate were slaughtered for determination of carcass and organ weights at 28 and 42 days of age. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly different among treatments at all stages of the experiment (P<0.05). Treatment 3 chicks had the higher feed intake in comparison with other treatments at 0-21 days (P<0.05) but there were not any differences in feed intake at 21-42 or 0-42 days (P>0.05). Cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly decreased in treatments 2 and 3 (P<0.05). Significantly lower LDL amounts and higher RBC counts were observed in chicks given NSS compared to control group (P<0.05). The concentrations of albumin, total protein, HDL, VLDL, Hb and PCV and the relative weight of internal organs (except Bursa at 42 days) were not significantly affected by the NSS (P>0.05). The relative weight of Bursa and antibody titers to SRBC significantly increased at 42-days (P<0.05). It is concluded that NSS had significant effects on weight gain, FCR, LDL, RBC and weight of Bursa of quail chicks.
Large-and Meso-u-scale Characteristics of Meiyu / Baiu Front

The largeand meso-a-scale features of the active Meiyu/Baiu front 1-10 July 1991 are studied by utilizing mainly the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) IR data and ECMWF re-analysis data. The intense Meiyu/Baiu frontal precipitation occurs over the Yangtze River Basin in association with the westward elongation of the North Pacific subtropical anticyclone. The intense precipitation zone of 500km width extends from the eastern foot of the Tibetan Plateau to the western North Pacific. The frontal zone is characterized by intense precipitation, low-level jet stream, nearly moist neutral stratification and strong gradient of equivalent potential temperature Be. The large-scale confluence/convergence in the frontal zone sustains strong gradient of Be against the sink of Be due to the convective transport. The differential advection of Be generates the convective instability against the stabilizing effect of the convection, and thus, the moist neutral stratification is sustained during the period of intense convective rainfalls. The strong condensation heating is one of the factors to sustain the ascent motion in the frontal zone. The strong low-level convergence in the frontal zone is accompanied by the northward strong ageostrophic wind, which is associated with the strong acceleration along the northwestern periphery of the westward protruding subtropical anticyclone. The intrusion of the mid-latitude disturbances into the frontal zone, which occurs in the vicinity of the cut off vortex, enhances the precipitation in the frontal zone by inducing the ascent motion, the cold and dry advection. The largest diurnal variation of convective clouds is found in 90-100E. Within the heavy rainfall zone, such significant diurnal variation is not seen, whereas the eastward passage of meso-c-scale cloud systems is evident. They form in the heavy rainfall area, and develop into meso-c-scale frontal depressions during propagation along the frontal zone, where the significant baroclinicity is seen within the nearly moist neutral layer in the lower troposphere.
CUE 407-IS PREDICTABILITY IMPROVED BY REPORTING OCI AS A PERFORMANCE METRIC ON THE STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ?

Even before standard setters required other comprehensive income (OCI) be reported on the Statement of Comprehensive Income, accounting researchers have challenged the notion whether reporting OCI as a performance metric has predictive value. Regardless of how OCI is reported, the accounting for OCI is as a direct adjustment to equity which bypasses earnings. The research design of most studies on OCI is such that they cannot address whether requiring OCI be reported as performance has predictive value incrementally to that attributable to the accumulation of OCI in equity. Using a sample of IFRS adopting countries within the European Union, we find that including OCI as a performance metric in our model provides a modest incremental improvement in predictiveness, relative to the significant improvement attributable to the accumulation of OCI in equity, and only when OCI is decomposed into components. We do not find aggregated OCI improves predictiveness, but do find individual OCI components have predictive value which vary in magnitude and sign, suggesting that aggregation obfuscates the predictive usefulness of specific OCI components. This also raises questions about the fit of comprehensive income (CI) to serve as a summary statistic of performance. Together, our findings that the reporting of individual OCI components has predictive value, but the aggregation of these components does not, suggests that the shift towards reporting OCI as performance would more likely improve predictive usefulness under the two-statement approach for reporting CI, than under the single-statement approach that presents CI as the bottom-line summary statistic.
The Self-Regulated Learner Advantage: Learning Science on the Internet.

Science educators recognize the potential of the Internet as an educational tool. One of the major aspects of this study was designed to illustrate the need for self-regulated learning when using the Internet for education. Two alternate forms of an on-line instructional web site containing the same information were developed. The first, a constructivist format provided more links for students to wander and build concepts with the material in ways that may be consistent with their particular learning style. The second is called an objectivist format and is similar to presentations found in academic settings where lectures are provided. This on-line study examined the effect of variables such as age, gender, racial identify, attitude, aptitude, self-regulated learning and self-efficacy on learning. Results indicated that typical learner characteristics were not road blocks to on-line learning.
FRAGMENTATION PROPERTIES OF AERMET ® 100 STEEL IN TWO MATERIAL CONDITIONS

Because of the wide use of steel alloys in fragmenting munitions, their fragmentation properties are generally well characterized. We have recently investigated the performance of a relatively new high strength alloy, AerMet® 100. AerMet® 100 is produced by Carpenter Technology Corporation and has been used extensively in the aerospace industry. Its high strength and ductility make it attractive for use in ordnance applications. In order to determine the fragmentation properties of AerMet® 100, a series of experiments was performed that compared the dynamic properties of the material as a function of its heat treatment. These experiments were conducted using test items of three different cylinder geometries. In each test case, hardware was fabricated using as-received and heat-treated material. The experiments were designed to quantify the performance of the material in terms of case expansion, fragment velocity, and fragment mass distribution. This paper summarizes the results of these tests, and compares the fragmentation characteristics of AerMet® 100 in its heat-treated and as-received condition.
Effect of phytase supplementation on growth performance , nutrient digestibility , and meat quality in broilers

A total of 459 broiler chicks were studied from 1 to 32 days of age to evaluate the effect of phytase diet supplementation on their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality. Chicks were randomly divided into 3 treatments (9 replicates/treatment, 17 chicks/ replicate). This was a 32 day experiment that included 2 phases: phase 1, grower (0 to 17 day); and phase 2, finisher (17 to 32 day). Dietary treatments were: T1, control basal diet (CON); T2, CON + 0.01% phytase (300 IU); and, T3, CON + 0.01% phytase (500 IU). Results showed that supplementation of the basal diet with phytase increased pH value of meat. During the period between day 7 and 17 of the study, T2 and T3 groups had higher body weight gain (BWG) than T1 group. After phase 2 and the use of finisher feed, T3 group had significantly improved BWG and feed intake (FI). During the whole experiment, T3 resulted in higher BWG and FI than other treatments. But feed conversion ratio was not affected by phytase supplementation throughout the experiment. Both T2 and T3 groups had significantly higher apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter when compared with T1. However, no differences were observed for Nitrogen, Ca, and P during the experiment. In conclusion, supplementation of phytase increased BW, FI, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM). However, there was no significant influence in feed conversion ratio (FCR), relative organ weight and breast muscle quality.
A stochastic approach to investigate the incompressible temporally developing turbulent boundary layer

In the present study, we focus on a new application of the One-Dimensional Turbulence (ODT) model to a temporally developing turbulent boundary layer. Due to dimensionality reduction in ODT, this model achieves major cost reductions as compared to full 3D simulations and is, thus, able to explore large parameter regimes, which may be very interesting for DNS. The model is fully and deterministically resolved for the diffusion effects along a 1-D domain, while the turbulent advection effects are represented by means of mapping events. Here, we apply the model for the first time to incompressible temporally developing turbulent boundary layers and compare our results to DNS [1]. We use no-slip and impermeable boundary conditions at the top and the bottom wall. We compare the velocity statistics i.e. mean, root mean square and cross stresses to the recent DNS data for Reb = 500,1000,1500,2000. The comparison suggests that ODT is capable to reproduce several DNS velocity statistics which makes it an interesting tool to investigate higher Reynolds numbers as well as passive and active scalars in the future.
Battling with swords , shields or both ? A semantic analysis of the paradox of belonging and performing in a cooperative

The aim of this study was to understand how the semantic analysis of the process of (re)construction of organizational narratives can help a cooperative to manage paradoxical goals. I performed a single case study based on in-depth interviews with 47 employees, non-participant observations and document analysis in a Brazilian credit cooperative. The results suggest that individuals may tell stories as a way to influence others’ sensemaking of ‘what’s going on here’. When such stories show semantic fit with the linguistic organizational context, they become able to shape others’ sensemaking. As different and competitive stories can coexist, they can reflect both polarized (e.g., ‘we are financial-centered’ versus ‘we are social-centered’) and paradoxical self-definitions (‘we are financial-and-social-centered’). Thus, the semantic element of organizational narratives not only highlights the dialogical nature of organizations but also their paradoxical nature. In seeking to build a paradoxical organizational identity that would integrate financial and social goals, the senior management of the studied cooperative appropriated a paradoxical dominant story told through expressions that had emerged in the linguistic context of the organization. Organizations focused on social innovation may explore the collectively constructed labels that individuals use to elaborate oppositional organizational narratives to intentionally engage in sensegiving actions that enable the construction of a paradoxical definition of ‘who we are’. This study is the first to use the semantics of storytelling as a lens to analyze the organizing process embedded in the management of an organizational paradox.
Herzberg ’ s Two-Factor Theory

Background: Motivation-hygiene theory is also known as Herzberg’s two-factor theory or Herzberg’s dual-factor theory (1959). The main concept of this theory is the difference between motivation factors and hygiene factors. These two factors that have an effect on job satisfaction are divided into two sets of categories. Hygiene factors are considered less important to job satisfaction than motivation factors. Hygiene factors are related to ‘the need to avoid unpleasantness’. Motivation factors lead to job satisfaction because of ‘the need of the individual for self-growth and self-actualisation’. This theory is one of the most commonly used theories in job satisfaction research (Dion, 2006). Many studies in nursing research have used this theory as a theoretical framework in testing job satisfaction among nurses (Kacel et al., 2005; Mitchell, 2009; Jones, 2011). The results of those studies support Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory, and assert that the hygiene factors are less important to job satisfaction; however, the motivation factors are most important and can lead to job satisfaction. This theory seemed to identify and explain the phenomena of job satisfaction. [Mohammed Alshmemri, Lina Shahwan-Akl and Phillip Maude. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. Life Sci J 2017;14(5):12-16]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj140517.03.
PC 3 Is a Cell Line Characteristic of Prostatic Small Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND—The majority of the prostatic cancers are adenocarcinomas characterized by glandular formation and the expression of luminal differentiation markers androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Most adenocarcinomas are indolent and androgen-dependent. Hormonal therapy that inhibits AR signaling produces symptomatic relief in patients with advanced and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) is a variant form of prostate cancer (PC). In contrast to adenocarcinoma, the tumor cells of SCNC do not form glands and are negative for AR and PSA. SCNC is extremely aggressive and does not respond to hormonal therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the important and relevant features of two most commonly used PC cell lines, LNCaP and PC3, with prostatic adenocarcinoma and SCNC. METHODS—Xenograft tumors of LNCaP and PC3 were prepared and compared with human prostatic adenocarcinoma and SCNC for the expression of key signaling molecules by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS—LNCaP cells express AR and PSA and their growth is inhibited by androgen withdrawal, similar to human prostatic adenocarcinoma. PC3 cells do not express AR and PSA and their proliferation is independent of androgen, similar to SCNC. Adenocarcinoma cells and LNCaP cells are negative for neuroendocrine markers and stem cell-associated marker CD44 while SCNC and PC3 cells are positive. LNCaP cells have identical cytokeratin profiles to adenocarcinoma while PC3 cells have cytokeratin profiles similar to SCNC. CONCLUSION—LNCaP cells share common features with adenocarcinoma while PC3 cells are characteristic of SCNC. © 2011Wiley-Liss, Inc. *Correspondence to: Dr. Jiaoti Huang, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., 13-229 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732. jiaotihuang@mednet.ucla. edu. **Correspondence to: Chao-Zhao Liang, MD, PhD, Department of Urology, the Geriatric Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Ave., Hefei, Anhui 230022, China. liang_chaozhao@163.com. Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Prostate. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 August 23. Published in final edited form as: Prostate. 2011 November ; 71(15): 1668–1679. doi:10.1002/pros.21383. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript
Application of Hybrid Simulation to Investigate the Seismic Behavior of Steel Moment Frame Structures through Collapse

Hybrid simulation combines numerical and experimental methods for cost-effective, large-scale testing of structures under simulated dynamic earthquake loads. Particularly for experimental seismic collapse simulation of structures, hybrid testing can be an attractive alternative to earthquake simulators due to the limited capacity of most facilities and the difficulties and risks associated with a collapsing structure on a shaking table. To further enhance the capabilities of hybrid testing, an innovative substructuring technique for hybrid simulation of structures subjected to large deformations is applied and verified experimentally using a reduced scale four-story moment-resisting frame that was previously tested to collapse on an earthquake simulator. Some of the challenges encountered with numerical errors in hybrid simulations involving complex numerical models are discussed and recommendations are made to mitigate their effect on the simulation results. In particular, the selection of integration algorithms and integration time step are critical to achieving accurate simulation results. The developed hybrid testing techniques and lessons learned from the small scale tests are applied to experimentally evaluate the seismic response of half-scale experimental substructures that demonstrate the reliability of hybrid simulation through collapse.