Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Minimal Model of the Single Capacitor Biphasic Defibrillation Waveform

A quantita tive model of the single capacitor biphasic defibrillation wave form is proposed. The primary hypothesis of this model is that the first phase leaves a residual charge on the membranes of the unsynchronized cells, which can then reinitiate fibrillation. The second phase diminishes this charge, reducing the potential for refibrillation. To suppress this potential refibrillation, a monophasic shock must be strong enoagh to synchronize a critical mass of nearly 100% of the myocytes. Since the biphasic waveform performs this protection function by removing the residual charge (with its second phase), its first phase may be of a lower strength than a monophasic shock of equivalent performance. A quantitative model was developed to calculate the residual membrane voltage, Vm, assuming a capacitive membrane being alternately charged and discharged by the first and second phases, respectively. It was further assumed that the amplitude of the first phase would be predicted by a minimum value plus a term proportional to Vm2. The model was evaluated on the pooled data of three relevant published studies comparing biphasic waveforms. The model explained 79% of the variance in the first phase amplitude and predicted optimal durations for various defibrillator capacitances and electrode resistances. Assuming a first phase of opti mal duration, the optimal second phase duration appears to be about 2.5 msec for all capacitances and resistances now seen clinically. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the single capacitor biphasic waveform may be explained by the second phase “burping” of the deleterious residual charge of the first phase that, in turn, reduces the synchronization requirement and the amplitude requirements of the first phase.
PLASMA NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES LEVELS AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN LATE SUBCLINICAL ANTHRACYCLINE TOXICITY

The purpose of this study was to evaluate late cardiac toxicity by comprehensive echocardiographic study, and to determine whether plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide levels might be indicators of neurohumoral activation. The study included 49 long-term survivors and 21 controls. A wide variety of echocardiographic parameters were measured or calculated. Plasma peptide levels were determined. Patients had significant changes in different echocardiographic parameters that are suggestive of LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Plasma peptide levels were not increased. The authors have found significant subclinic cardiotoxicity by echocardiography. Survivors seem to have normal plasma natriuretic peptide levels in long-term period.
The Uterus and In Vitro Fertilization

The Hormonal Control of Endometrial Receptivity One collateral benefit of the broad development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) over the last 2 decades has been a remarkable forward leap made in our understanding of various facets of human reproduction. One aspect of IVF, and particularly donor egg IVF, that has yielded critical information is in the hormonal control of endometrial receptivity. We review the respective roles played by E2, progesterone, and other ovarian hormonal and nonhormonal factors in the priming of the short-lasting interval during which the uterus becomes receptive to developing embryos or the window of implantation. Taking into consideration the practical issues of clinical teams offering IVF and other assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments, we draw particular attention to the impact that controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and other infertility treatments have on endometrial receptivity. Similarly, we address the specific issue of luteal support in regular IVF and that of E2 and progesterone cycles prescribed for priming receptivity in recipients of donor egg IVF and for frozen embryo transfers (FET). In this task, we strive to provide practical tips for helping practicing physicians to optimize endometrial receptivity in various commonly encountered clinical circumstances.
Latrunculin and Cytochalasin Decrease Chondrocyte Matrix Retention

The proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) directly associated with the cells of articular cartilage is anchored to the chondrocyte plasma membrane via interaction with the hyaluronan receptor CD44. The cytoplasmic tail of CD44 interacts with the cortical cytoskeleton. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the actin cytoskeleton in CD44-mediated matrix assembly by chondrocytes and cartilage matrix retention and homeostasis. Adult bovine articular cartilage tissue slices and isolated chondrocytes were treated with latrunculin or cytochalasin. Tissues were processed for histology and chondrocytes were examined for CD44 expression and pericellular matrix assembly. Treatments that disrupt the actin cytoskeleton reduced chondrocyte pericellular matrix assembly and the retention of proteoglycan within cartilage explants. There was enhanced detection of a neoepitope resulting from proteolysis of aggrecan. Cytoskeletal disruption did not reduce CD44 expression, as monitored by flow cytometry, but detergent extraction of CD44 was enhanced and hyaluronan binding was decreased. Thus, disruption of the cytoskeleton reduces the anchorage of CD44 in the chondrocyte membrane and the capacity of CD44 to bind its ligand. The results suggest that cytoskeletal disruption within cartilage uncouples chondrocytes from the matrix, resulting in altered metabolism and deleterious changes in matrix structure.
Trichomonas vaginalis: detection of nucleoside hydrolase activity as a potential screening procedure.

Abstract Gero, A. M. , Kang, E. W. , Harvey, J. E. , Schofield, P. J., Clinch, K. , and Furneaux, R. H. 2000. Trichomonas vaginalis: Detection of nucleoside hydrolase activity as a potential screening procedure. Experimental Parasitology94, 125–128.
Intrathecal ketamine for war surgery. A preliminary study under field conditions

Intrathecal ketamine, which has not previously been described in man, has been administered to 16 patients with war injuries of the lower limbs. The first five received varying doses from 5 to 50 mg in a volume of 3 ml of 5% dextrose, to determine a dose‐response curve (Group 1). The optimal dose was then administered to a further 11 patients who received ketamine 50 mg in a volume of 3 ml in 5% dextrose with the addition of adrenaline 0.1 mg (Group 2). A distinct sensory level was obtained in all patients. In Group 2, nine of the eleven patients obtained satisfactory surgical analgesia and two required supplementation with local anaesthetic. Central effects (drowsiness, dizziness, and nystagmus) also occurred in nine patients, but they remained conscious throughout; one patient experienced no central effects, and one patient developed dissociative anaesthesia. Central effects were more intense the higher the level of block. There were no significant changes in mean systolic arterial blood pressure, pulse, or respiratory rates. Surgical analgesia for the blocked dermatomes lasted for a mean of 58 minutes (range 45–90), and recovery was complete and uncomplicated; mild generalised analgesia persisted for a further one to three hours following return of sensation. Ketamine alone did not produce motor block, but addition of adrenaline resulted in complete motor block, and may have intensified sensory blockade. Motor loss persisted for the same duration as surgical analgesia. Adrenaline neither delayed the onset of central effects, nor reduced their intensity. The absence of hypotension or respiratory depression is of obvious benefit in anaesthesia for trauma, but central effects and short duration of surgical analgesia would appear to limit this application of ketamine.
EVALUATION OF CAPTIVE GIBBONS (HYLOBATES SPP., NOMASCUS SPP., SYMPHALANGUS SPP.) IN NORTH AMERICAN ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS FOR GIBBON APE LEUKEMIA VIRUS (GALV)

Abstract: This study evaluated 79 captive gibbons (Hylobates, Nomascus, and Symphalangus spp.) within 30 North American zoological institutions for evidence of exposure to and possible infection with gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) on gibbon serum samples revealed the presence of antibodies against GALV antigens in 28% of animals, indicating previous exposure or possibly protective immunity to GALV. Virus detection in gibbon blood or serum using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or co-culture of gibbon peripheral blood mononuclear cells with human cells was negative for all samples submitted. The majority (19/27, 70%) of animals with reported health conditions were clinically healthy at the time of sample collection. Historically accrued clinical data were used to assess association of diseases in gibbons antibody positive for GALV. The results suggest captive gibbons could mount an immune response to GALV and show no evidence of infection. There was no association with neoplastic conditions in seropositive animals. The potential role of gibbons as a reservoir for GALV and the role of GALV as an epizoonotic-zoonotic agent or as a contributor to gibbon ape morbidity and mortality are not substantiated by the study findings.
Melatonin protects hepatic mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in senescence‐accelerated mice

Mitochondrial oxidative damage from free radicals may be a factor underlying aging, and melatonin, a powerful free radical scavenger, may participate in mitochondrial metabolism. We measured respiratory chain complex I and IV activities in liver mitochondria from a strain of senescence‐accelerated prone mice (SAMP8) and a strain of senescence‐accelerated resistant mice (SAMR1) at age 3, 6, and 12 months. No age‐associated effects were found in either complex I and IV activities, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), or glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in SAMR1. In contrast, SAMP8 showed significant age‐associated decreases in complex I and IV activities. While no age effect was found in TBARS in SAMP8, TBARS levels in SAMP8 were significantly more abundant than in SAMR1. GPx activity in SAMP8 decreased significantly by 12 months. Daily oral melatonin administration (2 μg/mL of drinking fluid) beginning when the mice were 7 months old significantly increased complex I and IV activity, decreased TBARS, and increased GPx activities in both SAMR1 and SAMP8 at 12 months. The implication of the findings is that melatonin may be beneficial during aging as it reduced the deteriorative oxidative changes in mitochondria and other portions of the cell associated with advanced age.
Coronary artery bypass: predictors of 30-day operative mortality in Jordanians

To determine the risk factors and rate of 30-day operative mortality among Jordanian patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery, we reviewed the records (January, 2005 to July, 2009) of 1,046 consecutive patients. Demographic and perioperative data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. The 30-day operative mortality rate was 5.9%. Significant independent predictors of death were age >65 years, female sex, heart failure, ejection fraction ≤35%, prolonged inotropic support, mechanical ventilation >12 h, postoperative pneumonia, and postoperative stroke. The 30-day operative mortality rate was comparable to that reported in other countries.
Naturally preferred directions for the exertion of maximal manual forces.

Because the strength of a standing person varies with the direction of exertion, a component of a manual force whose resultant deviates from a required direction may exceed the magnitude of the directed force. Naive subjects instinctively deviated their directions of exertion in order to maximize their attempts to lift, push or pull. The deviations observed were close to those predicted as necessary in order to achieve the maximum advantage of using a component of exertion (MACE). The quantitative definition of MACE is put forward as a basis forjudging the efficiency of a static exertion.
Electrophoretic study of immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin sub-units on the surface of human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Treatment of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with a polyvalent antiserum to human immunoglobulins causes a reduction in the electrophoretic mobility of the cells. Treatment of the lymphocytes with antisera to κ and λ chains has a similar effect, but antisera to α, γ and μ chains are only effective in this way when all antisera are mixed together. These findings point to the presence of immunoglobulin molecules on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the results are discussed in terms of the possible representation of immunoglobulin sub-units on the lymphocyte surface.
The Month of Birth is Linked to the Risk of Crohn's Disease in the Israeli Population

OBJECTIVE:The main objective is to study whether the month of birth is associated with the development of Crohn's disease (CD) in the Israeli Jewish population.BACKGROUND:It was suggested that perinatal exposure to infectious agents may have a role in the pathogenesis of CD. Due to the seasonal nature of some infections, a linkage between birth dates and a risk to develop CD would support such a hypothesis. Previous studies that addressed this question were conducted in Europe and differed in their findings.METHODS:Birth dates of 844 Jewish ulcerative colitis (UC) and CD patients from three medical centers representing the north, central, and the south of Israel were compared with the monthly rates of birth during the same period of time. The standard incidence ratio was used to define the risk to develop either disease according to the month of birth. The Score method was used for the evaluation of seasonality trends.RESULTS:Birth during the winter period in Israel was associated with increased risk to develop CD, whereas birth during the spring was associated with a reduced risk. The Score method for seasonality showed a significant peak during winter time in these patients (z = 2.02, P = 0.021). No such seasonal variation was noted for UC patients.CONCLUSIONS:A seasonal pattern was observed in the risk to develop CD but not UC. The findings may support the involvement of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of CD.
Effect of a two-year obesity prevention intervention on percentile changes in body mass index and academic performance in low-income elementary school children.

OBJECTIVES We assessed the effects of a school-based obesity prevention intervention that included dietary, curricula, and physical activity components on body mass index (BMI) percentiles and academic performance among low-income elementary school children. METHODS The study had a quasi-experimental design (4 intervention schools and 1 control school; 4588 schoolchildren; 48% Hispanic) and was conducted over a 2-year period. Data are presented for the subset of the cohort who qualified for free or reduced-price school lunches (68% Hispanic; n = 1197). Demographic and anthropometric data were collected in the fall and spring of each year, and academic data were collected at the end of each year. RESULTS Significantly more intervention than control children stayed within normal BMI percentile ranges both years (P = .02). Although not significantly so, more obese children in the intervention (4.4%) than in the control (2.5%) decreased their BMI percentiles. Overall, intervention schoolchildren had significantly higher math scores both years (P < .001). Hispanic and White intervention schoolchildren were significantly more likely to have higher math scores (P < .001). Although not significantly so, intervention schoolchildren had higher reading scores both years. CONCLUSIONS School-based interventions can improve health and academic performance among low-income schoolchildren.
Trends in hip fracture rates in Canada: An age‐period‐cohort analysis

Age‐standardized rates of hip fracture in Canada declined during the period 1985 to 2005. We investigated whether this incidence pattern is explained by period effects, cohort effects, or both. All hospitalizations during the study period with primary diagnosis of hip fracture were identified. Age‐ and sex‐specific hip fracture rates were calculated for nineteen 5‐year age groups and four 5‐year calendar periods, resulting in 20 birth cohorts. The effect of age, calendar period, and birth cohort on hip fracture rates was assessed using age‐period‐cohort models as proposed by Clayton and Schiffers. From 1985 to 2005, a total of 570,872 hospitalizations for hip fracture were identified. Age‐standardized rates for hip fracture have progressively declined for females and males. The annual linear decrease in rates per 5‐year period were 12% for females and 7% for males (both p < 0.0001). Significant birth cohort effects were also observed for both sexes (p < 0.0001). Cohorts born before 1950 had a higher risk of hip fracture, whereas those born after 1954 had a lower risk. After adjusting for age and constant annual linear change (drift term common to both period and cohort effects), we observed a significant nonlinear birth cohort effect for males (p = 0.0126) but not for females (p = 0.9960). In contrast, the nonlinear period effect, after adjustment for age and drift term, was significant for females (p = 0.0373) but not for males (p = 0.2515). For males, we observed no additional nonlinear period effect after adjusting for age and birth cohort, whereas for females, we observed no additional nonlinear birth cohort effect after adjusting for age and period. Although hip fracture rates decreased in both sexes, different factors may explain these changes. In addition to the constant annual linear decrease, nonlinear birth cohort effects were identified for males, and calendar period effects were identified for females as possible explanations.
Studies on Effect of Sex and Age on Physico-Chemical and Organoleptic Qualities of Rajasri Chicken

Rajasri is a designer fowl suitable for backyard production developed by PV Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University together with Poultry Research Station (PRS), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Rajasri variety is developed by crossing four different breeds (two dual type, one layer type exotic breed and local non-descript poultry were involved). It is different from other rural poultry varieties as it has a broad genetic base and introgressed with genes from local birds by incorporating desirable traits such as higher productivity (150-160 eggs per annum) compared to nondescript fowls under range conditions, Compact body and long shank length for agility to avoid predation, Capacity to withstand diseases and adverse climatic conditions and a truly dual purpose bird (Viroji Rao et al., 2012).
ESD events in SiN RF-MEMS capacitive switches

This paper deals with TLP and HBM test results for RF-MEMS capacitive switches. The methodology for each ESD testing simulator is commented, taking into account the accordance between the test bench and the device-under-test. The failure criteria of the tested structures are reported, showing their breakdown process under ESD.
Transcriptomic and virulence factors analyses of Cryptococcus neoformans hypoxia response

Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogen requiring atmospheric levels of oxygen for optimal growth. Upon inhalation, C. neoformans disseminates to the brain and causes meningoencephalitis. However, the mechanisms by which the pathogen adapts to the low‐oxygen environment in the brain have not been investigated. We isolated a C. neoformans strain with a small capsule from a host tissue, although this strain produces large capsules in normoxic conditions. We hypothesize that this difference in capsule size is attributed to hypoxia caused by chronic inflammatory response. This study investigated the effect of hypoxia on virulence factors (including capsule, melanin, urease, and phospholipase) of C. neoformans and conducted transcriptomic analyses of the virulence‐associated genes. We found that C. neoformans grew under hypoxic condition, albeit slowly, and that hypoxia may have inhibited the capsule size, melanin production, and phospholipase and urease activities in C. neoformans.
Highly sensitive ZnO nanowire CO sensors with the adsorption of Au nanoparticles

In this study, the growth of high density single-crystalline ZnO nanowires on patterned ZnO:Ga/SiO2/Si templates was reported. We also adsorbed Au nanoparticles onto nanowire surfaces and fabricated ZnO nanowire CO sensors. With 50 ppm CO gas, it was found that we could enhance the device sensitivities at 350 °C from 4.2% to 46.5% by the adsorption of Au nanoparticles. It was also found that measured sensitivities were around 30%, 37%, 46.5% and 53% when concentration of the injected CO gas was 5, 20, 50 and 100 ppm, respectively.
Trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adolescence: ethnic and socioeconomic differences

Objective: To assess developmental trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in British adolescents in relation to sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). Design: A 5-year longitudinal study of a diverse cohort of students aged 11–12 years at baseline in 1999. Setting: 36 London schools sampled using a stratified random sampling procedure. Participants: A total of 5863 students categorised as white, black or Asian, and stratified for SES using the Townsend Index. Main outcome measures: Number of days per week of vigorous activity leading to sweating and breathing hard. Hours of sedentary behaviour, including watching television and playing video games. Data were analysed using multilevel, linear, mixed models. Results: Marked reductions in physical activity and increases in sedentary behaviour were noticed between ages 11–12 and 15–16 years. Boys were more active than girls, and the decline in physical activity was greater in girls (46% reduction) than in boys (23%). Asian students were less active than whites, and this was also true of black girls but not boys. Black students were more sedentary than white students. Levels of sedentary behaviour were greater in respondents from lower SES. Most differences between ethnic and SES groups were present at age 11 years, and did not evolve over the teenage years. Conclusions: Physical activity declines and sedentary behaviour becomes more common during adolescence. Ethnic and SES differences are observed in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in British youth that anticipate adult variations in adiposity and cardiovascular disease risk. These are largely established by age 11–12 years, so reversing these patterns requires earlier intervention.
A 250MHz 11BIT 20mW low-hold-pedestal CMOS fully differential track-and-hold circuit

A new technique for realizing a very-high-speed low-power low-voltage CMOS fully differential track-and-hold circuit with low hold pedestal is presented. To achieve high sampling linearity the circuit utilizes improved bootstrapped input switch. The fully differential design relaxes the trade-off between sampling speed and the sampling precision. The circuit design of major building blocks is described in detailed. A prototype circuit in a 0.35-μ m CMOS process is integrated and experimental results are presented.