Ecological plasticity and adaptibility of Chinese winter wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) under the conditions of North-East forest steppe of Ukraine

The results of research as for adaptive potential of Chinese winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) varieties are represented. 50 new varietis of Chinese origin were analyzed under the conditions of left-bank side of north-east forest steppe of Ukraine: ultra-early ripening-10%; early ripening-54%; mid-early ripening-12%; mid-ripening-24%. As for the level of winter resistance, all groups of introduced vatieties yielded to the standard (the cultivar Podolyanka) though they had a great index level (score 6.4-7.9). In general, Chinese varieties under the conditions of the research were characterized by relatively satisfactory winter resistance condition; 52%of analyzed samples overwintered at the level of standard with the score 8. Among them: ultra-early ripening-2%; early ripening-20%; mid-early ripening-8%; mid-ripening-22%. As for the plant height we identified a great range of fluctuations-from dwarf (30-50 cm) to growth medium (81-110 cm) forms. The analyzed genotypes were divided into growth medium forms-22%, semi-dwarf forms-64%and the II terrain platform of China and is the closest one to the conditions of Ukraine as for the eco-gradient. We indentified the different rate of genotype reaction depending on the ripeness groups, yield and resistance against diseases under the influence of various ecogradients during the years of crop cultivation. The confidence interval was less than 0.02% the genotype and eco-gradient impact significance. It proves that both factors (genotype and eco-gradient) influenced the object with a probability close to 100%. That means that different genotypes and conditions of the year have a statistically significant effect on disease resistance and productivity (Table 3). The analysis of four groups as for the ripeness shows that the highest score of resistance (more than 3) against mildew, compared with the cultivar-standard, was found in the genotypes of the mid-ealry and mid-ripening groups (score 6,5-7,1). Ultra-early and early ripening varieties yielded to the cultivar-standard 0.2-0.3 points and the average value of the experiment 0.5-0.6 points. The same results were detected as for septoria. Against brown rust the best varieties of the standard were samples of early-ripening (by score 0.2), mid-early ripening (0.8) and mid-ripening (0.3) groups. The standard Podolianka was characterized by high resistance to mildew. 61.5% of the studied varieties exceeded the standard. Among them: 5.8%-ultra-early ripening; 26.9%-early-ripening; 7.7%-mid-early ripening; 21.2-mid-ripening. 59% of the studied genotypes exceeded the cultivar-standard as for resistance to brown rust. Among them a group of varieties: 1.9%-ultra-early ripening; 32.7%-early-ripening; 9.6%-mid-early ripening; 15.4-mid-ripening. 46.2% of studied genotypes exceeded the cultivar Podolianka as for resistance to septoriosis; 19.2%-early-ripening; 2di mid-early mid-ripening-24% of winter all groups of introduced varieties give te way to the standard, although they had a significant level of the index (6.4-7.9 points). At the standard level, with an evaluation of 8 points, 52% of the samples were detected, of which: ultra-early ripening-2%; early ripening-20%; mid-early ripening-8%; mid-ripening-22%. In the height of plants, a large amplitude of oscillations was detected; from dwarf plants (30-50 cm) to growth medium plants (81-110 cm) forms. The studied genotypes were distributed among the growth medium forms-22%, semi-dwarf-64% and dwarf-14%. There was a direct relationship between: the ripeness group → the plant height (r=0.96) → resistance to hibernation (r=0.78) → the ripeness group (r=0.92). The shorter the genotype vegetation period, the lower plant height and the plant overwintering mark. Early-ripening- Lankao 906, DF529, DF581, Shi 4185, CA0175, Zhongmai 9, Shixin 733, Jimai 22 and Shimai 12, mid-early ripening- Zhongmai 19, Shijia Zhuang 8 and Longzhong 10, mid -ripening-Longzhong 1, Longzhong 2, Longzhong 3, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 7 and Longzhong 12 had a high resistance to the group of disease. Genotypes of early-ripening-DF529 and Jimai 19, mid-early ripening- Jingdong 8 and Shijiazhuang 8, Longzhong 10, mid-ripening-Longzhong 2, Longzhong 3, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 5, Longzhong 7, Longzhong 8, Longzhong 11,