Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combination of fractional erbium-glass laser and topical therapy in melasma resistant to triple-combination cream

Abstract Background: Melasma is a common melanosis often difficult to treat. Objective: The aim of this paper was to report on the safety and efficacy of non-ablative fractional photothermolysis combined with the use of triple-combination cream (TCC) on a large population with melasma resistant (i.e., with no complete/near-complete clearing) to TCC alone. Methods: Seventy-six patients with resistant melasma underwent a combined treatment protocol. The protocol consisted of a TCC (hydroquinone 4%, retinoic acid 0.03%, hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%) applied daily for 10 days followed by four laser treatments performed in 3-week intervals with a fractional 1540-nm erbium-glass laser. During these intervals, and for 3 months after the last laser session, TCC was also applied daily following a "pulse-therapy" scheme. Improvement was assessed by the melasma-area-and-severity-index (MASI) score. Results: At 1 month, marked (>75%) and moderate (51–75%) clearing of melasma were observed in 46 of 76 (67.1%) and 12 of 76 (21%) cases, respectively. At 6 months, we noticed a marked improvement in 16 of 76 (21.1%) and no improvement in 33 of 76 (43.4%) patients. Conclusion: Our study proposes the combination of NFP/TCC as a useful therapy for patients with melasma resistant to TCC alone, but it shows that its long-term efficacy is limited.
Proline metabolism and cancer.

Proline plays a special role in cancer metabolism. Proline oxidase (POX), a.k. a. proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), is among a few genes induced rapidly and robustly by P53, the tumor suppressor. Ectopic expression of POX under control of tet-off promoter initiated mitochondrial apoptosis. The mechanism activated by POX is mediated by its production of ROS. In immunodeficient mice, POX overexpression markedly retarded growth of xenograft tumors. In human tumors of the digestive tract and kidney, POX was markedly decreased, suggesting that the suppressive effect of POX was downregulated. This was not due to POX gene mutations or hypermethylation. Instead, a microRNA, miR-23b*, expressed at high levels in tumors, was a potent inhibitor of POX expression. Furthermore, antagomirs of miR-23b* reversed the downregulated expression of POX and its tumor-suppressive effect, thereby providing a therapeutic strategy. POX not only responds to genotoxic stress, but also to inflammatory and metabolic stress. Depending on microenvironmental and temporal factors, POX can mediate oppositely-directed responses-programmed cell death, on the one hand, and survival, on the other.
The SWIRE Data Release 2: Image Atlases and Source Catalogs for ELAIS-N1, ELAIS-N2, XMM-LSS, and the Lockman Hole

J. A. Surace, D.L. Shupe, F. Fang, C.J. Lonsdale, E. Gonzalez-Solares, E. Hatziminaoglou, B. Siana, T. Babbedge, M. Polletta, G. Rodighiero, M. Vaccari, I. Waddington, S. Berta, D. Frayer, T. Evans, T. Jarrett, D.L. Padgett, S. Castro, F. Masci, D. Domingue, M. Pierre, M. Fox, M. Rowan-Robinson, I. Perez-Fournon, S. Oliver, G. Stacey, D. Farrah, H.E. Smith, A. Franceschini, F. Owen, C. Xu, A. Afonso-Luis, P. Davoodi, H. Dole, F. Pozzi, M. Salaman
Synthesis and radiopharmacology of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine for tumor imaging.

UNLABELLED The aim of the study was to develop a simple 18F-labeled amino acid as a PET tracer for cerebral and peripheral tumors. O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (L-[18F]FET) was synthesized and biologically evaluated. Results of the first human PET study are reported. METHODS No carrier added (n.c.a.) and D-[18F]FET were prepared by 18F-fluoroethylation of L- and D-tyrosine in a two-step procedure. Biodistribution studies were performed in mice. The metabolic fate of L-[18F]FET was investigated in plasma, brain, tumor and pancreatic tissue samples using chromatographic procedures. Tumor uptake studies were performed in mammary carcinoma-bearing mice and in mice with the colon carcinoma SW 707. In a human PET study, a 59-y-old man with a recurrent astrocytoma was imaged using n.c. a. L-[18F]FET. RESULTS Synthesis of [18F]FET was accomplished in about 50 min with an overall radiochemical yield of 40%. The uptake of L-[18F]FET in the brain of mice reached a level >2% ID/g between 30 and 60 min postinjection. The brain uptake of the D-isomer was negligible, indicating blood-brain barrier penetration by a specific amino acid transport system. L-[18F]FET is not incorporated into proteins. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of brain, pancreas and tumor homogenates as well as plasma samples of mice at 10, 40 or 60 min postinjection showed only unchanged L-[18F]FET. Activity uptake in the bone did not exceed 2% ID/g at 40 min postinjection. The brain uptake of L-[18F]FET in mice bearing mammary carcinomas and colon carcinomas reached 7.1%+/-1.2% ID/g and 6.4%+/-1.7% ID/g 1h postinjection, respectively. In the first human study, L-[18F]FET-PET allowed a clear delineation of a recurrent astrocytoma. Thirty-five minutes postinjection, the tumor-to-cortex ratio was >2.7. A tumor-to-blood ratio >1.5 was reached at 30 min postinjection and continued to increase. No significant activity accumulation was observed in peripheral organs after approximately 40 min postinjection. CONCLUSION The high in vivo stability of L-[18F]FET, its fast brain and tumor uptake kinetics, its low accumulation in nontumor tissue and its ease of synthesis strongly support further evaluation of L-[18F]FET as an amino acid tracer for cerebral and peripheral tumors.
The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for Paired Comparisons of Clustered Data

Summary The Wilcoxon signed rank test is a frequently used nonparametric test for paired data (e.g., consisting of pre‐ and posttreatment measurements) based on independent units of analysis. This test cannot be used for paired comparisons arising from clustered data (e.g., if paired comparisons are available for each of two eyes of an individual). To incorporate clustering, a generalization of the randomization test formulation for the signed rank test is proposed, where the unit of randomization is at the cluster level (e.g., person), while the individual paired units of analysis are at the subunit within cluster level (e.g., eye within person). An adjusted variance estimate of the signed rank test statistic is then derived, which can be used for either balanced (same number of subunits per cluster) or unbalanced (different number of subunits per cluster) data, with an exchangeable correlation structure, with or without tied values. The resulting test statistic is shown to be asymptotically normal as the number of clusters becomes large, if the cluster size is bounded. Simulation studies are performed based on simulating correlated ranked data from a signed log‐normal distribution. These studies indicate appropriate type I error for data sets with ≥20 clusters and a superior power profile compared with either the ordinary signed rank test based on the average cluster difference score or the multivariate signed rank test of Puri and Sen (1971 , Nonparametric Methods in Multivariate Analysis, New York: John Wiley). Finally, the methods are illustrated with two data sets, (i) an ophthalmologic data set involving a comparison of electroretinogram (ERG) data in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients before and after undergoing an experimental surgical procedure, and (ii) a nutritional data set based on a randomized prospective study of nutritional supplements in RP patients where vitamin E intake outside of study capsules is compared before and after randomization to monitor compliance with nutritional protocols.
Management of salivary gland malignancies in the pediatric population

Purpose of reviewThe management of pediatric salivary gland cancer (SGC) remains a challenge, and long-term outcome data are lacking for these rare tumors. The heterogeneity of histopathological features in 24 different SGCs further complicates unequivocal treatment recommendations across different age groups. This review aims to outline the management guidelines for pediatric SGC. Recent findingsCompared with adults, pediatric SGC is more often localized to the primary site and of low-grade histology. Surgery remains the treatment of choice accompanied by oncological treatment in selected patients. Elective neck dissection seems unnecessary as the occurrence of occult metastases is rare. SummaryThis review provides information for clinicians to manage pediatric SGC highlighting the need for individually based treatment decisions at multidisciplinary head and neck centers.
Blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery with propofol or sevoflurane: a randomized clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol has been associated with reduced operative time, decreased perioperative risks, and decreased intraoperative blood loss compared with inhalational anesthesia (IA). During endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), reduced bleeding from the mucosal surfaces could improve visualization of the anatomy and decrease the risk of serious complications. OBJECTIVE To compare blood loss during ESS between patients receiving TIVA with propofol and those receiving IA with sevoflurane. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective, randomized study of 33 patients undergoing ESS in an academic medical center. INTERVENTIONS Patients received either TIVA or IA. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was rate of blood loss in milliliters per hour. The secondary outcomes included the quality of visibility measured by the surgeon's numeric rating score, ease of anesthesia as measured by the anesthesiologist's numeric rating score, and total blood loss. RESULTS The mean (SEM) blood loss per hour in the TIVA group was 78.5 (14) mL/h, and in the IA group it was 80.3 (17) mL/h (P = .93). A post hoc subgroup analysis found that in patients with a Lund-Mackay score of 12 or lower, the propofol TIVA group had a lower rate of blood loss compared with the sevoflurane IA group (mean blood loss, approximately 18 mL/h vs approximately 99 mL/h). The anesthesiologist's numeric rating score was significantly higher (indicating greater ease of performance) in the IA group than in the TIVA group. There was no statistically significant difference in the surgical numeric rating score between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this comparative study, our results did not show any difference in blood loss and surgical conditions between the TIVA and IA groups. Even further study is not likely to show a difference in blood loss between TIVA and IA during ESS.
Diminishing and Disappointing Role of Trade Unions in the 21st Century: The Nigerian Experience

Over the years, trade unions in Nigeria have evolved from formal to highly formal bureaucratic organizations. Although the relationship between individual members and unions still depends on a great deal upon the voluntary acceptance of the authority of the unions by the individual members, the unions are themselves structured partly as a response to the requirements of the law and also as a result of the push by rank and file members for real improvements in the performance of the union‘s leadership (Iyayi, 2000). The disappointing role of organized labour in Nigeria in the 21 st century coupled with their inability to safeguard the interest of their rank and file membership which they represent should be a matter of great concern to all labour observers, activists and practitioners alike. Trade unions in the 21 st century are now like a double-edged sword protecting its members and dancing to the tuned of the employers and government at the same time. With these unwholesome practices of the unions, they are fast losing their value, integrity and trust of membership. With time and judging by the current trends unionism may likely become a thing of the past. This article attempts to examine the disappointing role of trade unions in Nigeria in the 21 st century exposing their inability to safeguard the interest of their members which they claimed to represent. Having enjoyed a glorious past with strong dedication and commitment by its rank and file membership coupled with the support from the civil society, they evolved from formal to a very formidable movement with strong zeal and solidarity from individual members. However, they lost their main focus which is to maintain close ties with the civil society on struggles for workers‘ rights, welfare and interest. With unions‘ pseudo movement attitude and insincerity, members no longer believe in their ability to protect them in the struggle for their rights. Therefore, the paper in specific term examined the disappointing role of trade unions in employment practices and it adopted theoretical approaches in explaining both the positive and negative aspect of trade unionism in Nigeria in the current era.
The Politics of Representing Disability

Twenty-five years on from the implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), media representation of people with disability has become even more significant. More recently, the implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia has placed people with disability, and the issues they face, at the forefront of political discourse. This study looks at the media coverage of the ADA and the NDIS as significant social and political landmarks in their respective countries. Using content analysis, this article explores how media representations of people with disability are substantial factors within social reform, societal inclusion and equal rights. Because of numerous barriers to participation in many countries, people with disability may only be known to the larger society through media representations. Disability rights-focused news coverage is important to a society’s awareness of disability issues, so this research contributes to a better understanding of how political issues regarding people with disabilities play out in two countries’ news media.
Molecular cloning and expression in Escherichia coli K-12 of the O antigens of the Inaba and Ogawa serotypes of the Vibrio cholerae O1 lipopolysaccharides and their potential for vaccine development

The gene clusters that determine the biosynthesis of both the Inaba and Ogawa serotypes of the O antigen of the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli K-12. Restriction analysis of the clones demonstrated that about 15 kilobases were common to all clones and a further 5 kilobases were common to the Ogawa clones. The O antigens expressed by E. coli K-12 had the specificity of V. cholerae. Antibodies raised against E. coli K-12 that harbor one of these clones, pPM1001 (Inaba), were as highly protective in the infant mouse model system as were antibodies to V. cholerae itself. Introduction of such clones into suitable carrier strains could be expected to produce a good oral immunogen against cholera.
The Relationship of Peer Leadership Employment to Academic Outcomes in Texas Institutions of Higher Education

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship of participation and involvement in an undergraduate student success program to academic success and persistence among students in three programs sponsored by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB): the G-Force Collegiate Work-Study Mentorship Program, the Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) for Higher Education (AHE) program, and the THECB work-study program. The sample was identified using data from the THECB during the 2009-2013 academic years. Compared to THECB work-study students, significantly more AHE and G-Force students persisted toward graduation while engaged in the program (p < .001). ANOVA indicated that AHE students had a higher average GPA compared to G-Force and THECB work-study students, controlled for gender, race/ethnicity, pre-program GPA, and length of time in the position. Regression analyses found no statistically significant relationship between program associations and persistence towards graduation or GPA. Results suggest that although participation in a peer leadership programs such as AHE and G-Force encourage greater academic achievement and persistence, there is no direct relation to the achievement of these outcome variables. Implications of the study suggest the need for a deeper analysis into elements of peer leadership programs that contribute to student success, an expanded analysis of outcomes across a wider range of demographic variables, and an exploration of peer leadership programs across campuses for comparison of persistence and GPA outcomes.
Strategies for treatment of childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system

Objective Childhood primary angiitis of the CNS (cPACNS) is a devastating neurologic disease. No standardized treatment protocols exist, and evidence is limited to open-label cohort studies and case reports. The aim of this review is to summarize the literature and provide informed treatment recommendations. Methods A scoping review of cPACNS literature from January 2000 to December 2018 was conducted using Ovid, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Vasculitis Foundation, European Vasculitis Society, CanVasc, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Potentially relevant articles were selected for full-text review using the STROBE checklist if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) reported treatment, (2) addressed pediatrics, (3) focused on the disease of interest, (4) included ≥5 patients, (5) original research, and (6) full-length articles. Reviews, expert opinions, editorials, case reports with <5 patients, articles lacking treatment information, or non-English articles were excluded. A standardized assessment tool measured study quality. Treatment and outcomes were summarized. Results Of 2,597 articles screened, 7 studies were deemed high quality. No trials were available so no meta-analysis was possible. Overall, treatment strategies recommended are induction with acute antithrombotic therapy subsequently followed by high-dose oral prednisone taper over 3–12 months and long-term platelet therapy. In angiography-positive progressive–cPACNS and angiography-negative–cPACNS, we also recommend 6 months of IV cyclophosphamide therapy, with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as part of induction, and maintenance therapy with mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid. Conclusion No grade-A evidence exists; however, this review provides recommendations for treatment of cPACNS.
What Problems Does Crowdfunding Solve?

The expansion of crowdfunding raises two related questions: what type of platform suits each project and how should existing platforms expand? The answer lies in analyzing the field of crowdfunding as a solution to four specific problems: gatekeeping, coordination, inexperience, and patronage. Using an inductive analysis of the largest U.S. sites, this article identifies the range of problems crowdfunding addresses and their performance to date. Crowdfunding succeeds in raising money within and across networks, but efforts to use crowdfunding to educate or to generate recurring revenue are less successful.
Cleaning of inorganic membranes after whey and milk ultrafiltration

Cleaning of an inorganic ultrafiltration membrane has been quantified through hydraulic, physicochemical, and spectroscopic (infrared and x‐photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses. An efficient cleaning sequence of nitric acid followed by sodium hypochlorite has been proposed for cleaning of defatted whey protein concentrate and milk ultrafiltration membranes. The influence of reversed sequence and time reduction are discussed together with the action of both cleaning chemicals. In spite of residual fouling left after every cleaning sequence studied, hydraulic cleanliness of the membrane was achieved, particularly after the standard procedure.
Salicylic Acid Transport in Ricinus communis Involves a pH-Dependent Carrier System in Addition to Diffusion1[OA]

Despite its important functions in plant physiology and defense, the membrane transport mechanism of salicylic acid (SA) is poorly documented due to the general assumption that SA is taken up by plant cells via the ion trap mechanism. Using Ricinus communis seedlings and modeling tools (ACD LogD and Vega ZZ softwares), we show that phloem accumulation of SA and hydroxylated analogs is completely uncorrelated with the physicochemical parameters suitable for diffusion (number of hydrogen bond donors, polar surface area, and, especially, LogD values at apoplastic pHs and Δ LogD between apoplast and phloem sap pH values). These and other data (such as accumulation in phloem sap of the poorly permeant dissociated form of monohalogen derivatives from apoplast and inhibition of SA transport by the thiol reagent p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid [pCMBS]) lead to the following conclusions. As in intestinal cells, SA transport in Ricinus involves a pH-dependent carrier system sensitive to pCMBS; this carrier can translocate monohalogen analogs in the anionic form; the efficiency of phloem transport of hydroxylated benzoic acid derivatives is tightly dependent on the position of the hydroxyl group on the aromatic ring (SA corresponds to the optimal position) but moderately affected by halogen addition in position 5, which is known to increase plant defense. Furthermore, combining time-course experiments and pCMBS used as a tool, we give information about the localization of the SA carrier. SA uptake by epidermal cells (i.e. the step preceding the symplastic transport to veins) insensitive to pCMBS occurs via the ion-trap mechanism, whereas apoplastic vein loading involves a carrier-mediated mechanism (which is targeted by pCMBS) in addition to diffusion.
Ribonucleotide reductase M2 does not predict survival in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) was associated with pancreatic tumor progression and resistance to gemcitabine. This study aimed to determine if RRM2 protein expression was prognostic in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma and predictive of adjuvant gemcitabine benefit. METHODS 117 patients underwent tumor resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma from 10/1999 to 12/2007. We constructed tissue microarrays from paraffin-embedded tumors and determined RRM2 protein expression using immunohistochemistry and grouped as negative or positive. We estimated overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using the Kaplan-Meier method and examined the prognostic and predictive value of RRM2 expression using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS RRM2 expression showed no prognostic value in the entire group regarding OS (median OS 30.9 months in RRM2-positive versus 13.7 months in RRM2-negative, P = 0.26) and PFS (median OS 20.6 months in RRM2-positive versus 11.8 months in RRM2-negative, P = 0.46). RRM2 expression did not predict adjuvant gemcitabine benefit in the subgroup of 44 patients who received gemcitabine therapy (median OS 31.2 versus 15.2 months, P = 0.62; median PFS 11.3 versus 14.0 months, P = 0.35). Cox proportional hazards regression showed no prognostic effect of RRM2 expression on OS and PFS in the subgroup of 44 patients. However, the number of positive lymph nodes and perineural invasion were prognostic factors for OS (HR 1.2, P = 0.005) and for PFS (HR 5.5, P = 0.007), respectively. CONCLUSION RRM2 protein expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is neither prognostic nor predictive of adjuvant gemcitabine benefit in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.