Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fermi-LAT γ-ray anisotropy and intensity explained by unresolved radio-loud active galactic nuclei

Radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) are expected to contribute substantially to both the intensity and anisotropy of the isotropic γ-ray background (IGRB). In turn, the measured properties of the IGRB can be used to constrain the characteristics of proposed contributing source classes. We consider individual subclasses of radio-loud AGN, including low-, intermediate-, and high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacertae objects, flat-spectrum radio quasars, and misaligned AGN. Using updated models of the γ-ray luminosity functions of these populations, we evaluate the energy-dependent contribution of each source class to the intensity and anisotropy of the IGRB. We find that collectively radio-loud AGN can account for the entirety of the IGRB intensity and anisotropy as measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Misaligned AGN provide the bulk of the measured intensity but a negligible contribution to the anisotropy, while high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacertae objects provide the dominant contribution to the anisotropy. In anticipation of upcoming measurements with the Fermi-LAT and the forthcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, we predict the anisotropy in the broader energy range that will be accessible to future observations.
Comparison of Ondansetron and Droperidol in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting After Inpatient Minor Gynecologic Surgery

Ondansetron and droperidol are both effective in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). In this randomized, double-blind study, 80 in-patients scheduled for minor gynecologic surgery received either ondansetron 8 mg intravenously (IV) or droperidol 2.5 mg IV 5 min prior to induction of isoflurane-narcotic anesthesia. PONV was absent in 68% of the patients after ondansetron and in 88% after droperidol (P < 0.05). The respective times of complete arousal from anesthesia were 171 min and 229 min (P < 0.001). After ondansetron and droperidol, the incidence of severe drowsiness, restlessness, anxiety, or dizziness was 5% and 28%, respectively (P < 0.01). Thus after minor gynecologic surgery, droperidol 2.5 mg IV was superior to ondansetron 8 mg IV in the prevention of PONV. However, relative to ondansetron, droperidol entailed an average 1-h delay in recovery from anesthesia. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:603-7)
Title Impact of occult bone marrow involvement on the outcome of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Impact of occult bone marrow involvement on the outcome of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Author(s) Arima, Hiroshi; Maruoka, Hayato; Nasu, Koji; Tabata, Sumie; Kurata, Masayuki; Matsushita, Akiko; Imai, Yukihiro; Takahashi, Takayuki; Ishikawa, Takayuki Citation Leukemia & lymphoma (2013), 54(12): 2645-2653 Issue Date 2013-12 URL http://hdl.handle. net/2433/190475 Right © 2013 Informa UK, Ltd. Type Journal Article Textversion author
Rolandic Spikes in Children with and without Epilepsy (20 Subjects Polygraphically Studied During Sleep)

The authors polygraphically studied the nocturnal sleep of 20 neurologically normal children with typical centrotemporal spikes. The children were divided into two groups: (A) 10 children with centrotemporal spikes and benign epilepsy; and (B) 10 children with centrotemporal spikes without epilepsy.
Assessment as learning: A rethink of assessment in engineering education

Context: As universities embrace 21st century pedagogies of flipped, hybrid, blended, online and student-led practices, assessment seems to lag. It remains separated from teaching and learning, and consumes a great deal of academic time and energy. Despite innovations in assessment in other sectors of education, engineering education has only relatively recently engaged with authentic and alternative assessment practices and has perhaps confined these to project-based or capstone experiences. End-point, high stakes exams, grades and marks continue to dominate assessment practices with resultant high academic workload and student behaviour skewed towards attainment of marks rather than learning. The prominent place assessment plays in academic work prompted us to wonder: to what extent have we got it right? What could we be doing better? Purpose: Our small scale study explored what a group of academics who were committed to and recognised as leaders in quality teaching, thought about assessment and how they might be provoked by new possibilities. Approach: The study began with a workshop based on three provocations derived from key readings in the assessment space: 1. What if our assessment practices develop and sustain poor student performance? (Wilson and Scalise, 2006) 2. What if our assumptions about assessment are flawed? (Bloxham, 2009) 3. What if analytic (rubric) marking is indeterminate? (Sadler, 2009) At this workshop, academics discussed their responses to these provocations and articulated their key challenges. From here, key participants took part in semi-structured interviews which were analysed for themes. Results: Outcomes from the workshop revealed a list of concerns regarding assessment including student motivation, academic workload, plagiarism and students vying for marks rather than focusing on learning. There was also a clearly articulated need for a mindshift from conceptualising assessment as activity separate and distinct from learning and towards an understanding that assessment and learning can be seen as interchangeable terms. Interview data revealed academics grapple with some of the systemic features of assessment which hamper and sometimes punishes student learning. The place of formative assessment in supporting learning was identified as key. Academics articulated the need for much more transformative assessment practices that align more strongly with progressive teaching. Conclusions: Assessment is often at the forefront of academic work and despite innovations in teaching, remains a largely conservative practice in engineering education. Persistent and enduring challenges of student motivation, plagiarism and focus on marks can distract us from alternatives that might mitigate some of these. One key way in which transformative assessment practice might be ameliorated is to revision it as learning.
Model of Value Based Innovation

The paper presents to managers’ and scholars’ reasons for using models to determine the strategic importance of innovation and its potential value creation. The model of value based innovation (VBI) provides a clear definition of the adequate value curve to be pursued in any innovation action, from strategic definition to operational product conceptualization and production. The VBI model has been applied in strategic planning in over 100 SMEs throughout Portugal and USA by the authors and other consultant companies. The VBI model provides the practitioners and scholars with a pragmatic tool to determine innovation’s value creation. Connecting this information with strategic thinking and planning will reduce risk and avoid failure. The theoretical model when converted into a technological application provides an immediate insight into the most adequate strategic innovation to be chosen by top management and operational product developers. The paper demonstrates the relation between innovation and value creation.
Region-specific cell activities in amphibian gastrulation.

INTRODUCTION 201 OUTLINE OF EARLY XENOPUS DEVELOPMENT . 202 CYTOPLASMIC LOCALIZATION IN OOGENESIS . 208 REGiONAL SPECIALIZATION IN THE FIRST CELL CYCLE 210 PREPARATIONS FOR GASTRULATION . 2 1 3 TIMING O F GASTRULATION . 216 CELLULAR MECHANISMS O F GASTRULATION . 217 Epiboly by the Ani m al Cap 217 Convergent Extension by the Ma rginal Zone . 219 Spread ing Migra tion by the Deep Zone . 220 Apical Contraction by the Bottle Cells 221 The Vegetal Ba se . 222 CELLULAR AND REGiONAL DETERMINATION IN THE EARLY GASTRULA . 223
Airborne Bacteria in an Urban Environment

Samples were taken at random intervals over a 2-year period from urban air and tested for viable bacteria. The number of bacteria in each sample was determined, and each organism isolated was identified by its morphological and biochemical characteristics. The number of bacteria found ranged from 0.013 to 1.88 organisms per liter of air sampled. Representatives of 19 different genera were found in 21 samples. The most frequently isolated organisms and their percent of occurence were Micrococcus (41%), Staphylococcus (11%), and Aerococcus (8%). The bacteria isolated were correlated with various weather and air pollution parameters using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient method. Statistically significant correlations were found between the number of viable bacteria isolated and the concentrations of nitric oxide (−0.45), nitrogen dioxide (+0.43), and suspended particulate pollutants (+0.56). Calculated individually, the total number of Micrococcus, Aerococcus, and Staphylococcus, number of rods, and number of cocci isolated showed negative correlations with nitric oxide and positive correlations with nitrogen dioxide and particulates. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the total number of rods isolated and the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (+0.54) and the percent relative humidity (+0.43). The other parameters tested, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, and temperature, showed no significant correlations.
Current views in HTLV‐I‐associated adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the relative percentage of malignant lymphoid proliferations varies widely according to geographical location and ethnic populations. HTLV‐I is the etiological agent of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and is also associated with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, a definite role of HTLV‐I in mycosis fungoides (MF) and/or Sezary syndrome (SS) remains controversial. While most HTLV‐I‐infected individuals remain asymptomatic carriers, 1–5% will develop ATLL, an invariably fatal expansion of virus‐infected CD4+ T cells. This low incidence and the long latency period preceding occurrence of the disease suggest that additional factors are involved in development of ATLL. In this review, diagnosis, clinical features, and molecular pathogenesis of HTLV‐I are discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 78:232–239, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac and systemic haemodynamic complications of liver cirrhosis

Cardiovascular complications of liver cirrhosis include cardiac dysfunction and abnormalities in the central-, splanchnic,- and peripheral circulation. Vasodilatation prevails, but vascular beds with various degrees of reduced and increased haemodynamic resistance are the results of massive activation of powerful homeostatic, regulatory systems. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy implies systolic and diastolic dysfunction and electrophysiological abnormalities, an entity that is different from alcoholic heart muscle disease. Being often clinical latent, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy can be unmasked by physical and pharmacological strain. Cardiac failure is an important cause of mortality after liver transplantation and stressful procedures as insertions of transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt (TIPS), peritoneal venous shunting, and other types of surgery. Improvement of liver function has been shown to reverse the cardiovascular complications. The clinical significance is an important topic for future research. At present, no specific treatment can be recommended, and the cardiac failure in cirrhosis should be treated as in non-cirrhotic patients with sodium restriction, diuretics, and beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Special care should be taken with the use of ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin antagonist in these patients.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Premature Rupture of Membranes at Term: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prophylactic antibiotic administration in women presenting with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term can alter the rates of maternal and neonatal infections. METHODS: In a randomized, controlled, nonblinded trial, women at low risk with singleton term pregnancies presenting with PROM were assigned to either antibiotic administration or no treatment. Main outcomes evaluated were rates of maternal infection (chorioamnionitis and endometritis) and neonatal infection. RESULTS: A total of 161 patients were evaluated, 78 in the antibiotic group and 83 in the control group. Maternal infection was significantly lower when antibiotics were administered (2.6% compared with 13.2%; relative risk 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.81–0.98; P=.013). All cases of maternal infection occurred in women with more than 12 hours of PROM. Newborns of mothers receiving antibiotics had fewer infections (3.8%) compared with those in the control group (6.0%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=.375). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic use of antibiotics in PROM at term significantly reduced the risk of maternal infection in our population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials. gov, NCT01633294. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I
Migration and Participation in Adult Education: The Matthew Effect on Immigrants

The Matthew Effect has been one of the best known principles in adult education, implying that the ones who have more formal education at earlier phases of life participate more in education in adulthood. This qualitative research explores how the Matthew Effect works under migration, focusing on the experiences of the Turkish immigrants in Germany. The documentary analyses of the narrative interviews in the study reveal that the Matthew Effect among immigrants works depending on the formation of the immigrant habitus. The factors to mediate the making of the immigrant habitus are social and cultural capital, gender, the hysteresis effect, and affections such as expectations from the host society, biographical regrets, and the sense of belonging to the collective identity of the immigrants.
REML and ML estimation for clustered grouped survival data

Clustered grouped survival data arise naturally in clinical medicine and biological research. For example, in a randomized clinical trial, the variable of interest is the time to occurrence of a certain event with or without a new treatment and the data are collected from possibly correlated subjects from independent clusters. However it is sometimes impossible or too expensive to monitor the experimental subjects continuously. The subjects are examined regularly and the continuous survival data are thus grouped into a discrete time scale. With such a design, researchers are mainly interested in the effectiveness of the new treatment as well as the correlation among subjects from the same cluster, namely the intracluster correlation. This paper suggests a random effects approach to the estimation of the regression parameter with various choices of regression model and also the dependence parameter which characterizes the intracluster correlation. Time dependent covariates can be accommodated in the proposed model, and the estimation procedure will not be further complicated with large cluster sizes. The proposed method is applied to the data from the Diabetic Retinopathy Study, the objective of which is to evaluate the effectiveness of laser photocoagulation in delaying or preventing the onset of blindness in the left and right eyes of individuals with diabetes‐associated retinopathy. The intracluster correlation using a grouped proportional hazards regression model can be estimated and the relationship between the regression parameter estimates based on the random effects approach and the marginal approach using a dynamic logistic regression model are discussed. Results from a simulation study of the proposed method are also presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CORTICAL THICKNESS AND SERUM CORTISOL LEVELS IN DRUG‐NAÏVE, FIRST‐EPISODE PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A SURFACE‐BASED MORPHOMETRIC STUDY

In major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, higher morning cortisol levels due to a hyperactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis have been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between cortical thinning and the serum cortisol levels during the first depressive episode in drug‐naïve MDD patients using an automated surface‐based morphometry (SBM) method.
Assessing Social Isolation: Pilot Testing Different Methods

Abstract Social isolation is a significant public health problem among many older adults; however, most of the empirical knowledge about isolation derives from community-based samples. There has been less attention given to isolation in senior housing communities. The objectives of this pilot study were to test two methods to identify socially isolated residents in low-income senior housing and compare findings about the extent of isolation from these two methods. The first method, self-report by residents, included 47 out of 135 residents who completed in-person interviews. To determine self-report isolation, residents completed the Lubben Social Network Scale 6 (LSNS-6). The second method involved a staff member who reported the extent of isolation on all 135 residents via an online survey. Results indicated that 26% of residents who were interviewed were deemed socially isolated by the LSNS-6. Staff members rated 12% of residents as having some or a lot of isolation. In comparing the two methods, staff members rated 2% of interviewed residents as having a lot of isolation. The combination of self-report and staff report could be more informative than just self-report alone, particularly when participation rates are low. However, researchers should be aware of the potential discrepancy between these two methods.
Mesenchymal stromal cells: potential roles in graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis and treatment

A cute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is encountered after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is a systemic illness manifested by skin rash, gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation presenting with nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, and hepatic dysfunction. Clinical outcomes are influenced by the extent of GVHD with overall survival directly correlated with maximal GVHD score. The underlying biology of aGVHD is a systemic inflammatory process that occurs across temporal and spatial boundaries. Multiple cell populations have been implicated, including various T-cell subsets, both host and donor dendritic cells, B cells, NK cells, mast cells, and underlying host endothelial cells. Multiple cytokine mediators have been implicated, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, TNF-a, IFN-c, TGF-b, IL-17, and IL-23 as well as critical adhesion and costimulatory interactions that are involved in the process. However, the molecular epicenter of the disease is the T-cell receptor, where adoptively transferred donor T cells will react via their receptor to polymorphic peptides presented within the cleft of HLA major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I or Class II molecules. The critical need for time and amplification of aGVHD has been elegantly studied and modeled by Ferrara and colleagues. In their proposed model, the conditioning regimen used for the transplantation process also plays a critical role in systemic aGVHD in which tissue damage will contribute by activation of the innate immune system, possibly due to bacterial translocation across an injured small intestinal epithelial wall with lipopolysaccharide triggering the innate immune system. As a consequence, a host of inflammatory signals are amplified by the adoptively transferred mature donor T cells reacting to target MHC antigens. This cascade, coined “cytokine storm,” contributes to the systemic inflammatory changes associated with aGVHD. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a ubiquitous cell resident within the marrow and a critical component of the marrow microenvironment, have been proposed as a therapeutic cellular product that could be used to treat GVHD. They may aid in tissue repair by transdifferentiation or fusion events. MSCs also inhibit the T-cell proliferative response and dampen the innate immune response. MSCs have the capacity to home and traffic to areas of inflammation. However, the impact of MSCs in aGVHD may be potentiated as they appear to function in a MHCunrestricted manner, and the lack of a variety of surface ligands may provide them immune sanctuary. Thus, MSCs may potentially impact the cytokine storm cascade by influencing and dampening both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Information processing and the modification of an "impulsive conceptual tempo".

HEIDER, ELEANOR ROSCH. Information Processing and the Modification of an "Impulsive Conceptual Tempo. " CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1971, 42, 12761281. 80 middle-class and 80 lower-class boys were tested on a visual and a verbal task under 3 conditions designed to modify an "impulsive tempo. " For both tasks, instructions which contained an explanation of appropriate task strategy were more efective in reducing errors and lengthening response latency for lower-class impulsive Ss than was either an enforced delay of response or increased motivation for accuracy.
EscO, a Functional and Structural Analog of the Flagellar FliJ Protein, Is a Positive Regulator of EscN ATPase Activity of the Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Injectisome

ABSTRACT Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are multiprotein molecular devices used by many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens to translocate effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. A T3SS is also used for protein export in flagellar assembly, which promotes bacterial motility. The two systems are evolutionarily related, possessing highly conserved components in their export apparatuses. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) employs a T3SS, encoded by genes in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, to colonize the human intestine and cause diarrheal disease. In the present work, we investigated the role of the LEE-encoded EscO protein (previously Orf15 or EscA) in T3SS biogenesis. We show that EscO shares similar properties with the flagellar FliJ and the Yersinia YscO protein families. Our findings demonstrate that EscO is essential for secretion of all categories of T3SS substrates. Consistent with its central role in protein secretion, it was found to interact with the ATPase EscN and its negative regulator, EscL, of the export apparatus. Moreover, we show that EscO stimulates EscN enzymatic activity; however, it is unable to upregulate ATP hydrolysis in the presence of EscL. Remarkably, EscO partially restored the swimming defect of a Salmonella flagellar fliJ mutant and was able to stimulate the ATPase activity of FliI. Overall, our data indicate that EscO is the virulence counterpart of the flagellar FliJ protein.
Lyapunov Exponents from Kinetic Theory for a Dilute, Field-Driven Lorentz Gas.

Positive and negative Lyapunov exponents for a dilute, random, two-dimensional Lorentz gas in an applied field, $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{E}$, in a steady state at constant energy are computed to order ${E}^{2}$. The results are ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}^{0}{\ensuremath{-}a}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(\mathrm{qE}/\mathrm{mv}{)}^{2}{t}_{0}$ where ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}^{0}$ are the exponents for the field-free Lorentz gas, ${a}_{+}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}11/48$, ${a}_{\ensuremath{-}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}7/48$, ${t}_{0}$ is the mean free time between collisions, $q$ is the charge, $m$ is the mass, and $v$ is the speed of the particle. The calculation is based on an extended Boltzmann equation in which a radius of curvature, characterizing the separation of two nearby trajectories, is one of the variables in the distribution function. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with computer simulations.