Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near‐Infrared Galaxy Morphology Atlas

We present a representative sample of near‐infrared (1–2 μm) images spanning the Hubble galaxy morphology classification sequence. The images come from the Two Micron All‐Sky Survey, with a range in brightness of 7 mag<Ks<13.5 mag, and the morphological classifications from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. We differentiate between elliptical, normal, and barred spirals, compact, dwarf, peculiar, and active galactic nucleus/Seyfert‐type galaxies. This image atlas serves as a qualitative guide to the appearance of galaxies at wavelengths that penetrate the obscuring veil of dust, as well as provides a window to the older population of stars that dominate the observed light at 2 μm, including large‐scale bar features. We show that central surface brightness and integrated flux may be used to discriminate spheroid and early‐type spirals from late‐type spirals. The optical and near‐infrared properties are compared.
Organizational Structure, Ownership Structure and Credit Ratings: Evidence from SMEs

This paper documents that credit ratings of closed corporations depend on their organizational structure and ownership structure (family management and family control). Using the data from the Survey of Small Business Finance (SSBF), we show that S-Corporations have higher credit ratings than C-Corporations. We argue that lower information asymmetries inherent in S-Corporations lead to better credit ratings. We also show that ownership structure – as explained by family control and family management – is also associated with higher credit ratings. We argue that increased monetary stake of a single entity – family – translates into his altruistic commitment and increased effort, thereby improving credit ratings.
Monitoring in-hive residues of neonicotinoids in relation to bee health status

A field study was done to search for residues of neonicotinoids in twelve honeybee hives in four apiaries in the corn and soybean growing area of southern Ontario, in Canada, and to determine if any bee loss or symptoms of stress were associated with such residues. Dead bees in front of the hive, and live forager bees at the hive entrance and inside the hive were collected. Pollen, honey and nectar were also sampled. Acetamiprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam and the metabolite TZNG were included in the analysis, and extensive diagnostic tests were done to monitor mites and diseases. Clothianidin, thiamethoxam and TZNG were found in dead bees collected in front of the hives and forager bees from the hive entrance but not in bees from inside the hive. The concentrations found in bees and hive products were below the NOELs for bees, and were not associated with any evidence of stress or bee loss. Mite levels were low, but viruses were frequently found. The pattern of distribution of residues was parallel to what has been reported for other chemicals including chlorpyrifos. Implications of this pattern for the role of the eusocial behaviour of bees in allowing a bee colony to forage on plants bearing natural or xenobiotic toxins are discussed. Keywords: honeybee, colony loss, virus, neonicotinoid, resistance
Market Efficiency, Uncertainty And Risk Management in Real Estate Valuation – How Hedonics May Help

The 2007-2008 subprime mortgage crisis has profoundly modified the way investment and management risks are perceived by economic agents. In particular, both private and institutional players in the property sector are now being compelled to follow more stringent rules and to display greater transparency in their management of risk issues and of lending practices. In that context, analytical tools based on statistics and econometric modelling are increasingly resorted to as risk-containment devices. The purpose of the paper is to look at how real estate appraisal practitioners and related professionals may benefit from a greater recourse to statistics and, more precisely, to econometric modelling, in their search for market value. As brought out in the real estate literature, the very definition of market value lends itself to a statistical approach, the latter reaching its full meaning with the hedonic price (HP) method which is shown to be an extension of the traditional sales comparison approach.
FACTORS INFLUENCING STOCK SELECTION DECISION: THE CASE OF RETAIL INVESTORS IN COLOMBO STOCK EXCHANGE

The study examines the equity investment decision process of retail investors in Sri Lanka. Opinions are solicited using a five-point Likert scale survey questionnaire. The analysis of 168 responses indicates that the firm’s perceived value is the most influencing factor in equity selection. The study identifies Accounting Information, Advocates’ Recommendations and Self-Image/Firm-Image to be significant homogeneous groups of the factors influencing stock selection. The risk and historical prices are the second order factors in the process. Decision is also influenced by investors’ expectations on political stability, economic condition and good governance. Goodwill of the firm, stock’s liquidity, dividend payout and publicly available news are marginal factors. The religious beliefs, the family background and advocates’ opinion do not influence while the content of the annual financial statements is less confident. Investors do not aim abnormal returns. The main influencing factors do not show gender, age and education differences. The paper provides insights in to behavioral explanations to many market anomalies; that the investor sentiment is of immense importance. Keywords: Investor, Behavior, Stock, Selection, Sri Lanka For full paper: fmscresearch@sjp.ac. lk
Behavior and Predation of Fruit Fly Larvae (Anastrepha spp.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) After Exiting Fruit in Four Types of Habitats in Tropical Veracruz, Mexico

Abstract Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) larval behavior on the ground was quantified, and biotic and abiotic mortality factors were identified from the moment larvae exit fruit until they secure pupation sites in the soil in four environments that differed in climate, soil structure, and fruit tree composition in tropical Mexico (State of Veracruz). Distribution of pupae was influenced by fruit position on the ground but not by shade, litter depth, average soil temperature, soil pH, vegetation cover, and number of predacious insects per surface unit. At all sites, most larvae (90%) entered the soil after exiting the fruit within 10 min, but only at one site did larvae die because of sun exposure during the hottest part of the day. The most important biotic mortality factor at all sites was predation by ants, which in turn was influenced by temperature, humidity, and soil dampness, and varied significantly among host trees within a site. Ants commonly attacked larvae within 5 min of exit from fruit at all but one site. In laboratory experiments, larvae exposed to ant attack pupated at greater depths than larvae exposed to ants but that were not attacked (which in turn pupated at greater depths than larvae not exposed to ants).
A single-pole double-throw ( SPDT ) circuit using lateral metal-contact micromachined switches

A dc 6 GHz single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switching circuit that employs lateral metal-contact micromachined switches is investigated. The lateral metal-contact switch consists of a set of quasi-finite ground coplanar waveguide (FGCPW) transmission lines and a high-aspectratio cantilever beam. A single-pole single-throw (SPST) lateral micromachined switch has an insertion loss of 0.08 dB and a return loss of 3 ereas the r is 35 T h high y nology. ©
Exposure copper heavy metal (Cu) on freshwater mussel (Anodonta woodiana) and its relation to Cu and protein content in the body shell

Kurnia AI, Purwanto E, Mahajoeno E. 2010. Exposure copper heavy metal (Cu) on freshwater mussel (Anodonta woodiana)and its relation to Cu and protein content in the body shell. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 48-53. To determine the relationship of Cuexposure in water to the freshwater mussel exposure experiment is conducted with water containing Cu. Which measured the influenceof Cu and protein content in the body shell. This study used the freshwater mussel species, Anodonta woodiana. Oysters were exposedfor four weeks in the water with Cu concentration of 0.02 ppm, 0.04 ppm, 0.06 ppm and 0.00 ppm control. Cu content and proteincontent in the body shells are checked every week. Cu analysis was done by AAS method and the protein content using Kjeldahlmethod. Cu analysis showed elevated levels of Cu in mussel body after exposure. The pattern of increase in Cu content was not thesame, where the pattern of the largest increases occurred after the fourth week. The statistical test showed no significant effect betweenthe treatment with Cu accumulation in the body shell. Protein analysis showed an increase of protein content after exposure of thesecond week and decreased after the third and fourth weeks. The pattern of changes in protein content varied among the varioustreatments. The statistical test showed no significant effect between treatment with the protein changes in the body shell. Correlation testof the relationship between concentration of Cu in mussel body protein level showed a positive correlation between them with a fairlygood level of relationship (correlation coefficient r = 0.836). Key words: Anodonta woodiana, exposure, Cu, protein.
A Redshift-independent Efficiency Model: Star Formation and Stellar Masses in Dark Matter Halos at z ≳ 4

We explore the connection between the UV luminosity functions (LFs) of high-z galaxies and the distribution of stellar masses and star formation histories (SFHs) in their host dark matter halos. We provide a baseline for a redshift-independent star formation efficiency model to which observations and models can be compared. Our model assigns a star formation rate (SFR) to each dark matter halo based on the growth rate of the halo and a redshift-independent star formation efficiency. The dark matter halo accretion rate is obtained from a high-resolution N-body simulation in order to capture the stochasticity in accretion histories and to obtain spatial information for the distribution of galaxies. The halo mass dependence of the star formation efficiency is calibrated at z = 4 by requiring a match to the observed UV LF at this redshift. The model then correctly predicts the observed UV LF at z = 5–10. We present predictions for the UV luminosity and stellar mass functions, JWST number counts, and SFHs. In particular, we find a stellar-to-halo mass relation at z = 4–10 that scales with halo mass at Mh < 1011 M⊙ as M⋆ ∝ Mh2, with a normalization that is higher than the relation inferred at z = 0. The average SFRs increase as a function of time to z = 4, although there is significant scatter around the average: about 6% of the z = 4 galaxies show no significant mass growth. Using these SFHs, we present redshift-dependent UV-to-SFR conversion factors, mass return fractions, and mass-to-light ratios for different initial mass functions and metallicities, finding that current estimates of the cosmic SFR density at z ∼ 10 may be overestimated by ∼0.1–0.2 dex.
Characterizing elusive, faint dusty star-forming galaxies: a lensed, optically undetected ALMA galaxy at z ~ 3.3

We present the serendipitous ALMA detection of a faint submillimeter galaxy (SMG) lensed by a foreground z ~ 1 galaxy. By optimizing the source detection to deblend the system, we accurately build the full spectral energy distribution of the distant galaxy from the I814 band to radio wavelengths. It is extremely red, with a I − K colour larger than 2.5. We estimate a photometric redshift of 3.28 and determine the physical parameters. The distant galaxy turns out to be magnified by the foreground lens by a factor of ~1.5, which implies an intrinsic K s -band magnitude of ~24.5, a submillimeter flux at 870 μ m of ~2.5 mJy and a SFR of ~150−300 M ⊙ / yr, depending on the adopted tracer. These values place our source towards the faint end of the distribution of observed SMGs, and in particular among the still few faint SMGs with a fully characterized spectral energy distribution, which allows us not only to accurately estimate its redshift, but also to measure its stellar mass and other physical properties. The galaxy studied in this work is a representative of the population of faint SMGs, of which only few objects are known to date, that are undetected in optical and therefore are not typically accounted for when measuring the cosmic star formation history (SFH). This faint galaxy population thus likely represents an important and missing piece in our understanding of the cosmic SFH. Its observation and characterization is of major importance to achieve a solid picture of galaxy evolution.
Evaluation of Thyroid Function Status in Sonographically Suggested Fatty Liver Subjects

Objectives: The liver metabolizes thyroid hormones and thereby influences the regulation of their systematic endocrine effects. On the other hand, thyroid hormones play an important role in hepatic lipid homeostasis. Several studies addressed the association between thyroid function tests and non alcoholic fatty liver disease. The results of those studies indicate that hypothyroidism might be related to non alcoholic fatty liver disease. The recognized link between hypothyroidism and elements of metabolic syndrome may explain this relation. The present study was performed to evaluate the thyroid function status with the severity of sonographically suggested fatty liver subjects. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) of Dhaka Medical College Hospital Campus, Dhaka during the period of January 2014 to December 2014. A total number of 155 consecutive patients having sonographically detected fatty liver from the above mentioned hospitals were included in this study and they were divided into three grades depending on the sonographic criteria. Data were analyzed between these three grades in respect of age, sex, BMI, thyroid hormone levels (FT3, FT4 and TSH), fasting lipid profile and serum liver enzyme levels. Results: 82 (52.9%) patients had grade 1, 50 (32.3%) had grade 2 and 23 (14.8%) had grade 3 fatty liver. The mean age was found 39±10.9 years in Grade 1, 39.5±10.4 years in Grade 2 and 41.4±7.1 years in Grade 3. The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) among three groups. Male to female ratio was almost 2:3 in the whole study subjects. The mean BMI was significantly higher in grade 3 (p<0.05) followed by grade 2 and grade 1. 128 (82.6%) patients were euthyroid, 23 (14.8%) were subclinical hypothyroid and 4 (2.6%) were hypothyroid. In Anova test, the mean FT3 and FT4 were significantly declined (p<0.05) with increased grade but the mean TSH level was significantly increased (p=0.001) with increased grade of fatty liver. The Spearman’s rank correlation test shows that no significant but a negative correlation (r= -0.101; p=0.175) was found between FT3 and fatty liver of the study patients, but a significant negative correlation (r=-0.277; p=0.001) was observed between FT4 and fatty liver of the study patients. On the other hand a significant positive correlation (r=0.325; p=0.001) was observed between TSH and fatty liver of the study patients. Conclusion: In this study it has been found that thyroid hormone levels are significantly decreased with increasing grades of fatty liver detected by ultrasound. The underlying pathophysiology for this association is still not clear, however several mechanisms have been proposed. So the findings of this study will inspire other researchers to evaluate the thyroid function status with the severity of sonographically suggested fatty liver in larger scale.
Assessment of Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Nigerian Mothers’ Weaning Practice

Complementary feeding is an important determinant of child growth and development. The practice of weaning is declining despite efforts at all levels to improve it; and with globalization there is concern of possible drift in the traditional weaning practices among Nigerian mothers. Aim: Assess the socio-cultural factors affecting Nigerian mothers' weaning practice. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional design was conducted on 308 mothers attending at 15 maternal and child health centers in Birnin Kudu Local Government, Nigeria during the researcher visits. Five structured interviews were used to assess sociodemographic and economic characteristics, knowledge, subjective practice, sociocultural factors and attitude of mothers towards weaning practice. Results: More than three fourths (78.9%) of the studied mothers had improper category of subjective weaning practice. Less than half (47.1%) of them denied their children eating egg as part of their taboo practice. There was a statistically significant association between sociocultural factors and mothers’ subjective weaning practice. Conclusion: Mothers’ knowledge regarding weaning was poor and subjective practices were improper. Majority of them were not aware of the current recommendations of weaning practice. Additionally, there was a statistically significant association between sociocultural factors and mothers’ subjective weaning practice. Recommendations: Provide public health educations campaigns to promote optimal weaning practices, especially in woman within the reproductive age group. Health education program should be conducted to enlighten mothers on the effect of socio cultural factors on breastfeeding and weaning practice.
Testing the Traditional CCAPM in the US: A Revisit

This study re-examines the traditional consumption-based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) by largely updating US monthly samples of consumption and stock market return and following the methodology of generalized method of moments (GMM) with instrumental variables of Hansen and Singleton (1982). As a result, our investigations reveal the following facts for the US stock market. First, 1) in the cases of the CCAPM with consumption for nondurable goods and the CCAPM with consumption for nondurable goods and services, their discount rate parameters almost always take similar values that are slightly less than one. Next, 2) their risk aversion parameters more stably take small minus values in the CCAPM with consumption for nondurable goods than in the CCAPM with consumption for nondurable goods and services. Third, 3) in our empirical examinations, all estimated CCAPMs with two kinds of consumption are not rejected by the J-tests.
Integrating latent variables in discrete choice models – How higher-order values and attitudes determine consumer choice

Integrated choice and latent variable (ICLV) models represent a promising new class of models which merge classic choice models with the structural equation approach (SEM) for latent variables. Despite their conceptual appeal, to date applications of ICLV models in marketing are still rare. The present study on travel mode choice clearly demonstrates the value of ICLV models to enhance understanding of choice processes. In addition to the usually studied directly observable variables such as travel time, we show how abstract motivations such as power and hedonisms as well as attitudes such as a desire for flexibility impact on travel mode choice. Further, we can show that it is possible to estimate ICLV models with the widely available structural equation modeling package Mplus. This finding is likely to encourage wider usage of this appealing model class in the marketing field.
Adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso em pacientes com doenças gastrintestinais crônicas acompanhados no ambulatório de um hospital universitario

Compliance to drug treatment is an important determinant of patient's clinical evolution and health system expenditure. However, studies on compliance in chronic digestive diseases are scarce. In order to investigate compliance to prescribed medication and factors affecting it, a cross-sectional, indirect study was carried out among 110 outpatients of a University Hospital Gastroenterology clinic. These patients were characterized as presenting either higher or lower degree of compliance by two different instruments. The same classification was made after applying the Morisky test, which is based on patient answers to four standardized direct questions. The interview identified 15 (13.7%) patients as not following correctly the prescribed treatment. However, up to 64 patients (58.2%) were classified as less compliant by the Morisky test, which also indicated a non-intentional behavior in 50 (78.1%) out of these patients. There were no relationships between compliance and either disease nature or free access to medication. Also, univariate and multivariate statistical analysis showed that none of the demographic, social, clinical, or drug-related factors presented any statistically significant relationship that could indicate an influence on compliance to treatment. Low compliance to drug treatment is relatively common amongst patients with chronic digestive disease.
Optical Particle Characterization in Flows

Particle characterization in dispersed multiphase flows is important in quantifying transport processes both in fundamental and applied research: Examples include atomization and spray processes, cavitation and bubbly flows, and solid particle transport in gas and liquid carrier phases. Optical techniques of particle characterization are preferred owing to their nonintrusiveness, and they can yield information about size, velocity, composition, and to some extent the shape of individual particles. This review focuses on recent advances for measuring size, temperature, and the composition of particles, including several planar methods, various imaging techniques, laser-induced fluorescence, and the more recent use of femtosecond pulsed light sources. It emphasizes the main sources of uncertainty, the achievable accuracy, and the outlook for improvement of specific techniques and for specific applications. Some remarks are also directed toward the computational tools used to design and investigate the performance of optical particle diagnostic instruments.
Soil hydrology is independent of microphytic crust cover: Further evidence from a wooded semiarid australian rangeland

Rainfall simulation experiments were performed on 25 plots of varying microphytic crust cover in a wooded semiarid rangeland in eastern Australia. Under a rainfall intensity of 45 mm h‐1, steady‐state infiltration ranged from 5 mm h‐1 to 41 mm h‐1, but there was no effect of cover on this or any of the other soil hydrological variables measured. When disturbed plots with low cover (<15% cover) were excluded from the analyses, significant increases in time to ponding were associated with increases in crust cover. Despite some significant relationships, however, crust cover was an insignificant predictor of soil hydrological status at this site. We attribute this to the well‐structured nature of the soils at the site, which have not been subjected to grazing by domestic animals for almost 20 years. The results support earlier work suggesting that in the short term, crust cover is only an important moderator of soil hydrology when soils are degraded.