Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bunyamwera Virus Minireplicon System in Mosquito Cells

ABSTRACT Artificial minigenomes are powerful tools for studying the replication and transcription of negative-strand RNA viruses. Bunyamwera virus (BUN; genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae) is an arbovirus that shows fundamental biological differences when replicating in mammalian versus mosquito cells. To study BUN RNA synthesis in mosquito cells, we developed a bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase-based minireplicon system similar to that described previously for mammalian cells. An Aedes albopictus C6/36-derived mosquito cell line stably expressing T7 RNA polymerase was established. Viral proteins and artificial minigenomes (containing Renilla luciferase as a reporter) were transcribed and expressed in these cells from transfected T7 promoter-containing plasmids. Transcription of the minigenome required two viral proteins, the nucleocapsid protein N and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase L, a situation similar to that in mammalian cells. However, unlike the situation in mammalian cells, the viral polymerase was not inhibited by the viral nonstructural protein NSs. We also report that promoter strength is different for vertebrate versus invertebrate cells. The development of this system opens the way for a detailed comparison of bunyavirus replication in cells of disparate phylogeny.
Cortical alveoli formation and vitellogenesis during oocyte differentiation in the pipefish, Syngnathus fuscus, and the Killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus

The formation of cortical alveoli and yolk has been investigated in the pipe‐fish, Syngnathus fuscus, and the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus by techniques of light and electron microscopy. In addition to cortical alveoli and yolk components the ooplasm contains many mitochondria, numerous Golgi complexes, copious quantities of the endoplasmic reticulum of the rough variety, ribosomes and particulate glycogen. While the formation of cortical alveoli and yolk may proceed simultaneously, the cortical alveoli are the first to develop. Staining procedures indicate that cortical alveoli, like some of the yolk bodies contain a polysaccharide component and protein. It is suggested that the protein portion is made by the endoplasmic reticulum and is subsequently transferred to the Golgi complex via vesicles. Within the saccules of the Golgi complex the polysaccharide component is fabricated after which time the Golgi produce vesicles containing the products of either the cortical alveoli or yolk bodies.
Time-Sensitive Reversal of Hyperplasia in Transgenic Mice Expressing SV40 T Antigen

The role of viral oncoprotein expression in the maintenance of cellular transformation was examined as a function of time through controlled expression of simian virus 40 T antigen (TAg). Expression of TAg in the submandibular gland of transgenic mice from the time of birth induced cellular transformation and extensive ductal hyperplasia by 4 months of age. The hyperplasia was reversed when TAg expression was silenced for 3 weeks. When TAg expression was silenced after 7 months, however, the hyperplasia persisted even though TAg was absent. Although the polyploidy of ductal cells could be reversed at 4 months of age, cells at 7 months of age remained polyploid even in the absence of TAg. These results support a model of time-dependent multistep tumorigenesis, in which virally transformed cells eventually lose their dependence on the viral oncoprotein for maintenance of the transformed state.
Fusing location data for depression prediction

Recent studies have demonstrated that geographic location features collected using smartphones can be a powerful predictor for depression. While location information can be conveniently gathered by GPS, typical datasets suffer from significant periods of missing data due to various factors (e.g., phone power dynamics, limitations of GPS). A common approach is to remove the time periods with significant missing data before data analysis. In this paper, we develop an approach that fuses location data collected from two sources: GPS and WiFi association records. Our evaluation demonstrates that our data fusion approach leads to significantly more complete data, which improves feature extraction and depression screening.
The Relationship between Organizational Survival and Employee Mental Ability

Business scenery has changed intensely over the last decades, so alterations of business strategies and human resource (HR) practices in organisations are required in order to adapt to these changes. The pressure from competitiveness of the market and ability of organisations to withstand these pressures require organisations to be concerned with human resource management activities, and innovation competence. The general consensus among scholars is that employees play a central role in the process and survival of organizations. Their involvement in shared visions of their leaders, participation in decision making is seen as crucial. Therefore, organisations are increasingly looking for ways to enhance their ability to innovate effectively in order to survive in a challenging competitive environment. The study is exploratory in nature. Data were collected from employees of six selected business organisations. The study attempted to find relationship between organisational survival the independent variable which was measured with sub- variables of innovation, leadership support and employee empowerment and the dependent variable is employee mental ability. The result shows that all three independent variables are positively related to employees’ mental ability. It was concluded that greater involvement of employees in organisations activity, generally means continued improvement in organisational performance and survival.
Differential Adoption of Improved Dairy Husbandry Practices in Hill and Valley Regions of Manipur (India)

The study was carried out in the purposively selected Senapati and Thoubal districts of hill and valley regions of Manipur State of India. Two blocks from each of the above selected districts were selected randomly and further from each block four villages were also selected randomly. 30 dairy farmers from each village were selected randomly and thus collected data from 240 respondents through personal interview with the help of pre-tested structural schedule. An adoption index specifically for these regions was developed covering all aspects of improved dairy husbandry practices (IDHPs). The weight age of each practice was decided by the judges rating method. The data thus collected were processed and analyzed by using various statistical tools. It was found that, except the variables family education status, annual income and urban contacts all the twenty variables showed high significant difference (P<0.01) between the two regions. The majority (55.00%) of the respondents in the hill region were in the medium category of adoption of (IDHPs), whereas, most (43.34%) of them in the valley were belonged to high category. The hill sample revealed that age, education, social participation, land holding, subsidiary occupation, milk consumption, type of house, personal cosmopolite, mass media exposure and belief were highly significant (P<0.01) with adoption, whereas for valley sample, variables like subsidiary occupation, milk production, milk consumption, milk sale, annual income, urban contact, communication sources, personal localite, personal cosmopolitan and mass media exposure were significant at P < 0.01.
Raising Radicals: Different Processes for Championing Innovative Corporate Ventures

This study investigates the types of championing processes that explain the innovativeness of 136 internal corporate ventures. Current theory suggests that bottom-up champions create the most innovative ventures. In contrast, this paper argues that both bottom-up and top-down champions are suitable for developing innovative ventures. Using a broadly based sample of Fortune 1000 firms, the study supports both bottom-up and top-down processes including a special dual-role principal champion, who acts both as product champion and organizational sponsor. The functions or roles of these top management and dual-role champions are quite different from bottom-up champions and represent relatively unexplored top-down championing processes. Preliminary results show support for an emerging theory that top management champions arise when ventures are expensive and visible and when they represent new strategic directions or resource reconfigurations for the firm. In contrast, dual-role champions emerge from the firm's upper ranks when an innovative idea is highly uncertain but not technology-driven. The paper proposes an integrative view of championing in which any one of three types of championing processes may be the most relevant for a particular venture, depending on what it needs to achieve innovative outcomes.
Defining a theoretical framework for information seeking and parenting: Concepts and themes from a study with mothers supportive of attachment parenting

Purpose Information seeking for child-rearing is an increasingly popular topic in the medical and social science literature, though a theoretical framework in which to understand this phenomenon is still missing. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The authors present results from a qualitative research in which data were obtained from 21 interviews and the personal experience of one of the authors. Participants were all mothers supportive of attachment parenting, a parenting style inspired by attachment theory which advocates making parenting decisions on a strong basis of information. They were recruited in several Spanish autonomous communities and interviewed between April and July 2015. Findings Results were analyzed using grounded theory and allowed to define five major themes: becoming a mother implies a new perception of oneself in which it is common to feel more in need for information; the need to search for information originates in situations of “conflict” or crisis, or as a consequence of conflicting information; information is judged and weighed on the basis of affect and perceptions; scientific and experiential knowledge are valued as complementary; and finally, information seeking appears as one activity of identity work. Originality/value Placing conflict, instead of uncertainty, at the beginning of the search process allows to emphasize the role of information seeking in mediating relationships and interactions at a societal level. From this point of view, the authors understand that LIS should pay more attention to information seeking as an important factor in social change.
Knowledge-Based Innovation: Emergence and Embedding of New Practice Areas in Management Consulting Firms

How do innovative knowledge-based structures emerge and become embedded in organizations? We drew on theories of knowledge-intensive firms, communities of practice, and professional service firms to analyze multiple cases of new practice area creation in management consulting firms. Our qualitative analysis identified four critical generative elements: socialized agency, differentiated expertise, defensible turf, and organizational support. We demonstrate that these elements must be combined in specific pathways for knowledge-based innovative structures to emerge and embed. These pathways emerge from practitioner networks, markets for knowledge-based services, and professional firms' hierarchies. Our findings have important implications for studying innovation in the knowledge-based economy.
Diversity in deprivation: exploring the grocery shopping behaviour of disadvantaged consumers

Social exclusion has received much attention in recent years among governments and policy makers. While there are many aspects of social exclusion, of particular interest to marketing and consumer behaviour is the issue of the accessibility of consumer goods and services to socially excluded groups. The purpose of the research reported in this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the grocery shopping behaviour of disadvantaged consumers. The research was conducted with a sample of consumers living in a deprived residential area in Scotland. While the participants were mainly characterized as 'economic shoppers', they were heavily dependent on the local convenience stores, due, mainly, to the financial and mobility restrictions they faced. The experience of 'social exclusion' was not homogeneous within the sample, varying with other aspects of disadvantage, including social support networks, illness, age, family situation and mobility. The implications of this research are discussed and potential research directions highlighted.
Public Hospitals in Developing Countries: Resource Use, Cost, Financing

Hospitals in developing countries absorb more resources than any other kind of recurrent government spending on health. But although hospitals are essential, other types of intervention are more cost-effective in providing some of the most needed services. In many countries, much health expenditure is wasted through misallocation and by technical and managerial inefficiency within hospitals. Improvements in the use of resources by hospitals could yield tremendous benefits. This book advocates drawing hospitals in developing countries into the policy dialogue on the use of public resources in the health sector. The authors focus on the broad issues of resource allocation, costs, and financing. They advocate using a combination of hospital cost data with service statistics to highlight areas in which waste can be reduced. Hospital costs and efficiency are examined through accounting based studies and analysis of statistical cost functions. The authors recommend principles for pricing hospital services and alternatives for hospital financing through user charges and health insurance. These recommendations draw on both economic theory and a review of country experience through case studies and summaries of country case examples. Finally, the book recommends coordination between hospital and nonhospital forms of treatment. It suggests that some hospital procedures could be equally well performed in other settings but at less cost.
Correlation Between Pressure Dependence of Critical Temperature and the Reversible Strain Effect on the Critical Current and Pinning Force in $\hbox{Bi}_{2}\hbox{Sr}_{2} \hbox{CaCu}_{2}\hbox{O}_{8 + x}$ Wires

Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8+x</sub> round wires are among the most promising high-temperature superconductor candidates for making high-field magnets that operate at fields above 20 T. Owing to the brittle nature of high-temperature superconductors, their electromechanical properties need to be studied and understood prior to magnet design and construction. The irreversible degradation of the critical current at high strains has been previously correlated to damage in the microstructure of the superconductor. The origin of the much smaller reversible strain dependence of the superconducting properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub> O<sub>8+x</sub> wires has not yet been studied in detail. In this paper, we determine the cause of the reversible effect of strain on the pinning force and the critical current at temperatures ranging from 4 K to 65 K. Measurements were made as a function of tensile strain in magnetic fields up to 16 T. The irreversibility fields, determined from the macroscopic pinning force at various temperatures and strains, and the critical temperature of the Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8+x</sub> wire were found to be strain dependent. The reversible change in critical current and pinning force in Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8+x</sub> superconducting wires can be solely attributed to the dependence of the critical temperature on pressure.
A new perspective on a fundamental debate: a multilevel approach to industry, corporate, and business unit effects

We utilized a multilevel approach to both estimate the relative importance of industry, corporate, and business segment effects on firm performance, as well as to demonstrate how it enables the investigation of specific strategic factors within each class of effects. Our results confirmed previous findings suggesting that although business segment effects carry the most relative importance, industry and corporate effects are also important. Among the findings regarding specific factors, we found that industry concentration and munificence, as well as the resource environment provided by corporate parents, impact performance. These findings suggest that investigators should consider both industry and corporate environments when examining performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel hearing loss-related mutation occurring in the GJB2 basal promoter

Mutations in the GJB2 gene are a major cause of non-syndromic recessive hearing loss in many countries. In a significant fraction of patients, only monoallelic GJB2 mutations known to be either recessive or of unclear pathogenicity are identified. This paper reports a novel GJB2 mutation, −3438C→T, found in the basal promoter of the gene, in trans with V84M, in a patient with profound hearing impairment. This novel mutation can abolish the basal promoter activity of GJB2. These results highlight the importance of extending the mutational screening to regions outside the coding region of GJB2.
Assessment of constraints in the adoption of organic cotton production practices in Meatu district, Tanzania

Despite 19 years of its existence, organic cotton production (OCP) system has not been adopted as envisioned. This study therefore sought to identify and assess constraints to its adoption and consequent diffusion, both in temporal and spatial dimensions. A survey study was conducted using almost equal number of both organic and conventional farmers. The key methodological features involved interviewing 59 organic and 60 conventional cotton farmers using structured questionnaire. Other instruments included key informants and Focus Group Discussion (FDG) checklists. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Cross tabulation and Chi square test was used to to determine association between socio-economic variables and adoption of OCP. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis procedure. Findings of the study show that major constraints limiting the rate of adoption and diffusion of OCP were low price of organic seed cotton, stringent rules associated with organic agriculture and little involvement of political leaders and other district officials in promoting it. Other constraints included high minimum quality standards before certification of organic fields and organic seed cotton thereof, high labour requirements, lack of marketing competition and large crop losses due to pest infestation. Some predetermined constraints were not considered as limiting the adoption of OCP. They include lack of transparency in organic seed cotton pricing, lack of information on pesticide-inflicted health and environmental hazards and lack of strong organic farmers‘ association. Some socio-economic variables were found to statistically significantly influence adoption of OCP system (p <0.05 i.e. 95 % level of confidence). They include age, education, average annual income, land size, amount of family labour and land tenure. Variables that were found to have no influence in the adoption of OCP include marital status, gender and type of off-farm activities farmers performed apart from
Initial Public Offerings' Underpricing: A Study on the Short Run Price Performance of Book-Built IPOs in India

Issuing of shares through book building process leads to efficient price discovery. This study attempts to examine how the initial public offerings (IPO) issued through book building fare in short-run. The study examines the first day returns of 288 book-built IPOs in India for a 7 year period (2004-2010). Based on this set of observations this study builds a comprehensive model of the short term price performance of the new offerings. Results indicate that the IPOs are under-priced in India. Over-subscription and market volatility was found to be the major factors influencing underpricing. The results imply that the investors over react to the market. The presence of deliberate underpricing by the underwriters or the issuing firm to decrease block holdings by the shareholders is also evident. Finally, results illustrate a trend towards a less aggressive underpricing.
Early Detection of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Radionuclide Angiocardiography

For the early detection of myocardial damage associated with anthracycline therapy, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and radionuclide angiocardiography were used to assess cardiac function in 37 patients receiving anthracyclines (ie, adriamycin and daunorubicin at a total dose of 100-2,030 mg/m2). None of the patients developed clinical congestive heart failure. There were no significant changes of electrocardio graphic and echocardiographic parameters after anthracycline administration. The left ventricular ejection fraction did not change significantly on radionuclide angiocardiog raphy. However, the 1/3 peak filling rate (PFR) corrected by the end-diastolic count (EDC) (1/3 PFR/EDC) and the 1/3 filling fraction (1/3 FF), the indices of early diastolic function, showed a significant decrease. These findings suggest that the 1/3 PFR/EDC and 1/3 FF determined by radionuclide imaging are useful for detecting silent myocardial damage induced by anthracyclines.
How Corporations Overcome Issue Illegitimacy and Issue Equivocality to Address Social Welfare: The Role of the Social Change Agent

While corporations are increasingly being called on to improve social welfare, researchers have primarily focused their efforts on the role of external pressures and top managers in shaping a corporation’s engagement with social issues. As an alternative, I consider the role of social change agents who work within corporations and direct their firms to address a social issue. I suggest two issue impediments obstructing these efforts—issue illegitimacy and issue equivocality—that are shaped by economic philosophies, institutional fields, firm missions, and social change agent beliefs. These impediments ground four types of issues that social change agents attempt to advance: convertible, blurry, safe, and risky. I propose meaning-making tactics best suited to address the type of social issue individuals seek to advance inside a firm: framing, labeling, maintaining, and importing. I argue that by matching the issue type and meaning-making tactic, social change agents will more likely influence top managers .
Farmers ’ P erceptions R egarding t he u se of Botswana ’ s Tsa Temo Thuo T elevision

The purpose of the study was to examine farmers’ perceptions about the usefulness of the Tsa Temo Thuo agricultural programmes broadcasted every Monday of the week on the Botswana Television between 7:30 and 8:00 pm for farmers. A questionnaire was used to gather data from 36 farmers with different agricultural backgrounds in the Boteti sub-district regarding the effectiveness of the programme in disseminating information. A simple random sampling technique was used to get the 36 farmers from the list of 40 farmers. The results showed that the farmers saw the programme as relevant for their farming services but voiced that the programme be frequently reviewed to ensure emerging issues were integrated. The results also revealed that factors such as farming environment (Mean = 4.36; SD = .49); access to television programme (Mean = 4.22; SD = .59) and ignorance about farming issues (Mean = 3.36; SD = 1.05) were perceived as useful. However, this being a case study, a similar study should be conducted nationwide to ascertain and compare the perceived effectiveness of the television programme.