Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Typical action perception and interpretation without motor simulation

Significance How do we perceive and interpret others’ actions? In recent years, the dominant view on this issue is that efficient perceptual processing of others’ actions cannot be achieved by visual analysis of the movements alone but requires unconscious, covert motor simulation of the observed movements. This idea has developed a large following in many disciplines such as psychology, neuroscience, neurology, psychiatry, and philosophy of mind and has started to influence the study and treatment protocols of patients suffering from conditions affecting the perception and interpretation of action (such as autism, schizophrenia, and various dementias). In this paper, however, we report evidence that efficient perception and interpretation of actions can be achieved without motor simulation. Every day, we interact with people synchronously, immediately understand what they are doing, and easily infer their mental state and the likely outcome of their actions from their kinematics. According to various motor simulation theories of perception, such efficient perceptual processing of others’ actions cannot be achieved by visual analysis of the movements alone but requires a process of motor simulation—an unconscious, covert imitation of the observed movements. According to this hypothesis, individuals incapable of simulating observed movements in their motor system should have difficulty perceiving and interpreting observed actions. Contrary to this prediction, we found across eight sensitive experiments that individuals born with absent or severely shortened upper limbs (upper limb dysplasia), despite some variability, could perceive, anticipate, predict, comprehend, and memorize upper limb actions, which they cannot simulate, as efficiently as typically developed participants. We also found that, like the typically developed participants, the dysplasic participants systematically perceived the position of moving upper limbs slightly ahead of their real position but only when the anticipated position was not biomechanically awkward. Such anticipatory bias and its modulation by implicit knowledge of the body biomechanical constraints were previously considered as indexes of the crucial role of motor simulation in action perception. Our findings undermine this assumption and the theories that place the locus of action perception and comprehension in the motor system and invite a shift in the focus of future research to the question of how the visuo-perceptual system represents and processes observed body movements and actions.
Sleep duration is associated with sperm chromatin integrity among young men in Chongqing, China

This study explores whether sleep duration is associated with sperm chromatin integrity. To do so, we conducted a three‐phase panel study of 796 male volunteers from colleges in Chongqing (China) from 2013 to 2015. Sleep duration was measured using a modified Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Sperm DNA integrity was examined via Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay and Comet assay. Setting 7–7.5 h day−1 of sleep duration as a reference, either longer or shorter sleep duration was associated negatively with high DNA stainability (HDS) (P = 0.009), which reflected the immaturity of sperm chromatin. The volunteers with > 9.0 h day−1 sleep and those with ≤ 6.5 h day−1 sleep had 40.7 and 30.3% lower HDS than did volunteers with 7–7.5 h day−1 sleep. No association was found between sleep duration and DNA fragmentation index or Comet assay parameters. This study suggests that sleep duration is associated with sperm chromatin integrity. Further studies are required to validate these findings and investigate the mechanism underlying this association.
Loop-Assisted Coherent Matched Detector for Parallel Time-Frequency Sampling

Optical sampling is performed mostly in either time or frequency domain. In the former approach, sampling points are temporally taken by photo-mixing of received signals with locally generated ultrashort pulses. In the latter approach, the received signal is spectrally sliced and decomposed, which are taken as sampling points in the frequency domain. In this paper, as an alternative way, we propose and investigate an optical sampling technique called optical time-frequency-domain sampling, in which sampling points are taken in the time-frequency domain in an optoelectronic manner, by means of optoelectronic coherent matched detectors. Using this technique, it is possible to demultiplex and detect subchannels of ultrawideband multi-carrier signals at e.g. 100, 400 Gb/s, 1 Tb/s or higher, without relying on either ultrashort pulses or high-resolution optical filters necessary in the conventional time- or frequency-domain sampling approaches. Moreover, in this paper, we propose and demonstrate a loop-assisted coherent matched detector that simply and practically extends the time-frequency sampling to parallel sampling configuration just using a single coherent matched detector. Provided are some experimental proof focusing on demultiplexing and detection of orthogonal time-frequency-domain multipelxed (OTFDM) signals, a sort of ultrawideband multicarrier signals. All subchannels of 160-Gb/s QPSK-OTFDM signals are simultaneously detected and measured with the loop-assisted coherent matched detector employing a single set of low-speed 10-Gbaud photo-receivers.
Autopercepção da perda de dentes em idosos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as percepcoes de um grupo de idosos sobre a perda de dentes. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou O Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo como tecnica metodologica para a ordenacao dos dados. A analise das entrevistas e a construcao do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo revelaram informacoes sobre os pensamentos e valores associados a perda de dentes no grupo. Os principais resultados sugerem que a falta de dentes trouxe problemas funcionais e psicologicos, mas que parecem ser compensados pela resolucao do problema estetico. As justificativas reveladas pelo sujeito coletivo para o edentulismo refletem predominantemente o modelo de atencao a saude, em que predominam procedimentos cirurgico-restauradores e reabilitadores, em detrimento de acoes preventivas e educativas. Desta forma, torna-se imprescindivel o desenvolvimento de iniciativas no campo da educacao e prevencao em saude bucal, enfatizando acoes voltadas para a atencao integral do idoso, destacando-se a dimensao social das doencas e o papel do Estado como provedor da saude e da qualidade de vida de todos os cidadaos.
An epidemiological study of traumatic brain injury cases in a trauma centre of New Delhi (India)

Background: Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in Indian population. Aim: To correlate various variables like epidemiology, clinical status, severity of TBI & associated co-morbid conditions and its outcome. Settings and Design: This study involved retrospective collection, prospective management and follow up of 796 cases of TBI admitted to the neurosurgery department of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi during one year study duration. Materials and Methods: All the relevant variables recorded and analyzed with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in 6 months into 3 groups i.e. group 1 (GOS-1/Dead), group 2 (GOS-2&3/Bad) and group 3- (GOS-3&4/good). Statistical Analysis: Compiled data collected, analyzed and difference between two proportions was analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: This study included 791 cases with 569 (72%) males and 222 (28%) females with average age of 24 years. Fall from height was the main cause of TBI (56%) followed by road traffic injury (RTI) (36%). Majority (61%) patients reached the hospital within 6 hours of injury out of which 27% patients were unconscious. As per Glasgow coma scale mild, moderate & severe grade of TBI was seen in 62%, 22% &16% cases respectively. Radiological examination of other body parts revealed injuries in 11% cases. Only 11% cases required surgical management, rest was managed conservatively. Good outcome noted in 80% cases and 20% cases expired. Average duration of hospital stay was 5 days. According to multivariate analysis, the factors which correlated with poor prognosis are presence of radiological injuries to other body parts, GCS, abnormal cranial nerve examination, abnormal plantar and abnormal pupillary reflex. (P < 0.05) Conclusion: TBI predominantly affects young male population and most of these are preventable. Early transportation to the hospital and first aid results in good outcome. Mortality increases with the severity of TBI and associated injuries therefore multimodality approach in polytrauma is essential.
X. Extra‐nodal lymphoma in rare localisations: bone, breast and testes

There are many reasons why the study of extra-nodal lymphomas is a priority. They can be present with specific clinical syndromes and concomitant disease associations where familiarity aids prompt diagnosis of both the lymphoma and the associated diseases, the epidemiology and pathogenesis are often specific or even unique for that disease site—histological and molecular disease characteristics, and disease behaviour, natural history and prognosis are site-specific—and ultimately optimal treatment needs to be individualised by the organ of origin. Historically, many of the entities now classified under the broad label of ‘primary extra-nodal lymphomas’ had other labels. However, these are now all considered within the current World Health Organization (WHO) framework, and WHO terminology should be used for clarity and precision.
CONTROL OF LARVAL GROWTH VARIATION IN A POPULATION OF PSEUDACRIS TRISERIATA (ANURA: HYLIDAE)

Population geneticists have discovered considerable genetic variation in natural populations (Lewontin, 1974). Of these data, the majority are concerned with polymorphisms in discrete characters such as color morphs or allozyme variants, characters whose genetic basis is simple, but whose ecological significance is often poorly understood. As a result, there is disagreement on to what degree the extensive genetic variation in such traits actually results in genetic variation in fitness components in nature (Kimura and Ohta, 1971; Lewontin, 1974). This problem may be approached in another manner by the study of phenotypically variable traits whose ecological significance can be elucidated, and whose relationships to one or more fitness components can be uncovered. By determining the extent to which the phenotypic variability reflects genetic variation, an understanding of the mechanistic role of such genetic variation in natural populations can be attained. Certain larval anuran populations present an excellent opportunity for such an approach. Tadpole populations suffer large mortalities between egg hatching and metamorphosis (Herried and Kinney, 1966; Calef, 1973; Licht, 1974; Creusere and Whitford, 1976; Cecil and Just, 1979). This is particularly true for the species which breed in temporary ponds. Vertebrate and invertebrate predators take a heavy toll of larvae (Heyer et al., 1975; Walters, 1975), and drying of a pond can restrict survival to only the fastest devel-
Emerging trends in CRF02_AG variants transmission among men who have sex with men in Spain.

rospective study of maternal HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in child survival in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. BMJ. 1994;308:441–442. 9. Zeigler JL, Kotongole-Mbidde E. Kaposi’s sarcoma in childhood: an analysis of 100 cases from Uganda and relationship of HIV infection. Int J Cancer. 1996;65:200–203. 10. Commenges D, Alioum A, Lepage P, et al. Estimating the incubation period of pediatric AIDS in Rwanda. AIDS. 1992;6:1515–1520. 11. Biraro S, Morison LA, Nakiyingi-Miiro J, et al. The role of vertical transmission and health care-related factors in HIV infection of children: a community study in rural Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44:222–228. 12. Lepage P, Van de Perre P, Carael M, et al. Are medical injections a risk factor for HIV infection in children? Lancet. 1986;ii:1103– 1104. 13. De Paula MD, Rodriguez C, Janini M, et al. Pediatric AIDS: risk factor distribution at Hospital Emilio Ribas Sao Paulo, Brazil. Int Conf AIDS. 1989;5:319. Abstract T.B. P.194. 14. Mann JM, Francis H, Davachi F, et al. Risk factors for immunodeficiency virus seropositivity among children 1-24 months old in Kinshasha, Zaire. Lancet. 1986;ii: 654–657. 15. Brody S, Gisselquist D, Potterat JJ, et al. Evidence of iatrogenic HIV transmission in children in South Africa. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;110:450–452. 16. Emodi IJ, Okafor GO. Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in children at Enugu, Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr. 1998;44:73–76. 17. Dhurat R, Manglani M, Sharma R, et al. Clinical spectrum of HIV infection. Indian Pediatr. 2000;37:831–836. 18. Adejuyigbe EA, Durosinmi MA, Onyia FN, et al. Blood transfusion related paediatric HIV/AIDS in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. AIDS Care. 2003;15:329–335. 19. Donegan E, Stuart M, Niland JC, et al. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among recipients of antibody-positive blood donations. Ann Intern Med. 1990; 113:733–739. 20. Ward JW, Holmberg SD, Allen JR, et al. Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blood transfusion, screened as negative for HIV antibody. N Engl J Med. 1988;318: 973–978. 21. Ugochukwu EF. Clinical spectrum of HIV/ AIDS in Nnewi, Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2006;25:10–14. 22. Adejuyigbe EA, Oyelami O, Onayemi O, et al. Paediatrics HIV/AIDS in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Cent Afr J Med. 2003;49:74–78. 23. Bugaje MA, Aikhionbare HA. Paediatric HIV/ AIDS as seen at Ahmadu University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2006;5: 73–77. 24. Oniyangi O, Awani B, Iregbu KC. The pattern of paediatric HIV/AIDS as seen at the National Hospital Abuja Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 2006;9:153–158. 25. Eaton L, Flisher AJ, Aaroe LE. Unsafe sexual behaviour in South African youth. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56:149–165. 26. Hardy DB. Cultural practices contributing to the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in Africa. Rev Infect Dis. 1987; 9:1109–1119.
The Occurrence Of Delayed Adverse Health Effects In Dental Personnel After Exposure To Mercury

This paper gives some background information and sums up the results from research on possible late health effects in dental personnel after their occupational exposure to mercury from handling dental amalgam. We assessed that 0.5-2.8% of female dental assistants had possible delayed health injuries which mainly affected cognitive functions as a result of their occupational exposure to metallic mercury. Similar findings were not observed in dentists. When we followed all birth deliveries of 5,493 dental personnel compared to all other births in Norway from 1967 to 2006 in the National Birth Registry of Norway, we found no increase in the occurrence of malformations or other reproductive abnormalities in the dental personnel.
Inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms of spinning, precessing black-hole binaries in the effective-one-body formalism

We describe a general procedure to generate spinning, precessing waveforms that include inspiral, merger and ringdown stages in the effective-one-body (EOB) approach. The procedure uses a precessing frame in which precession-induced amplitude and phase modulations are minimized, and an inertial frame, aligned with the spin of the final black hole, in which we carry out the matching of the inspiral-plunge to merger-ringdown waveforms. As a first application, we build spinning, precessing EOB waveforms for the gravitational modes l = 2 such that in the nonprecessing limit those waveforms agree with the EOB waveforms recently calibrated to numerical-relativity waveforms. Without recalibrating the EOB model, we then compare EOB and post-Newtonian precessing waveforms to two numerical-relativity waveforms produced by the Caltech-Cornell-CITA collaboration. The numerical waveforms are strongly precessing and have 35 and 65 gravitationalwave cycles. We find a remarkable agreement between EOB and numerical-relativity precessing waveforms and spins’ evolutions. The phase difference is � 0.2 rad at merger, while the mismatches, computed using the advanced-LIGO noise spectral density, are below 2% when maximizing only on the time and phase at coalescence and on the polarization angle.
Surveillance Recommendations in Reducing Risk of and Optimally Managing Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk for the development of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), a chronic, debilitating, and disfiguring condition that is progressive and requires lifelong self-management of symptoms. It has been reported that over 40% of the 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the United States may meet the criteria for BCRL during their lifetimes. Ongoing surveillance, beginning with pre-operative assessment, has been effective in identifying subclinical lymphedema (LE). A prospective model for surveillance is necessary in order to detect BCRL at an early stage when there is the best chance to reduce risk or slow progression. Physical methods for monitoring and assessment, such as circumferential arm measures, perometry, bioimpedance; exercise programs; prophylactic and early-intervention compression garments; and referral for complete decongestive therapy are all interventions to consider in the development of a BCRL surveillance program. In addition, supportive-educative programs and interactive engagement for symptom self-management should also be implemented. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is integral to the success of an effective personalized medicine program in breast cancer-related lymphedema surveillance.
Evaluation of roles of potassium, inorganic phosphate, osmolarity, pH, pCO2, pO2, and adenosine or AMP in exercise and reactive hyperemias in canine hindlimb muscles.

The candidates for circulatory mediators are evaluated in venous effluent from mucles. In chemical analyses experiments the muscle preparation has been perfused by a pump with arterial blood at a constant flow rate. During isotonic contractions produced by brief tetanic stimulation every 2 seconds or by twitch stimulation at 2 per second, venous potassium, inorganic phosphate, osmolarity and pCO2 increase, and pH and pO2 decrease. Among these factors, however, vascular resistance correlates to only venous potassium concentration (P<0.05) and pO2 (P<0.001). There is also a close inverse relationship between venous potassium and pO2 (P<0.001). At the beginning of reactive hyperemia after 2-min ischemia, only venous pO2 reduces maximally and recovers in parallel with the course of the hyperemia. Venous potassium slightly decreases during reactive hyperemia. In bioassay experiments the muscle and the kidney preparation have been supplied with donor's arterial blood through two separate pumps at constant flow rates. A part of venous effluent from muscles has been admixed to renal arterial blood by a third pump. Exercise and reactive hyperemias induce renal vasoconstriction in 5 out of 7 cases, which indicates release of adenosine and/or AMP. In conclusion, released potassium, local hypoxia, and adenosine and/or AMP contribute to exercise hyperemia. For reactive hyperemia the latter two factors seem to be responsible. After ischemic contraction adenosine and/or AMP may play a major role.
Supporting Community Health Workers in India through Voice- and Web-Based Feedback

Our research aims to support community health workers (CHWs) in low-resource settings by providing them with personalized information regarding their work. This information is delivered through a combination of voice- and web-based feedback that is derived from data already collected by CHWs. We describe the in situ participatory design approach used to create usable and appropriate feedback for low-literate CHWs and present usage data from a 12-month study with 71 CHWs in India. We show how the system supported and motivated CHWs, and how they used both the web- and voice-based systems, and each of the visualizations, for different reasons. We also show that the comparative feedback provided by the system introduced elements of competition that discouraged some CHWs while motivating others. Taken together, our findings suggest that providing personalized voice- and web-based feedback could be an effective way to support and motivate CHWs in low-resource settings.
Ultrafast optical excitation of coherent magnons in antiferromagnetic NiO

Antiferromagnets are rapidly gaining importance as crucial ingredients in many applications. They are abundant in nature and they are robust against externally applied fields. Rather usefully, their spin resonances often lie within the THz regime, which makes them ideal candidates for optical studies. In this paper, the authors present a thorough experimental and theoretical exploration of the optical spin excitation in antiferromagnetic NiO. Based on a phenomenological theory, they derive expressions for the optically induced magnetization via the inverse Faraday effect and the inverse Cotton-Mouton effect. Light polarization is conserved by pumping and probing along the optical axis of the material, facilitating the comparison between theory and experiment. Those agree amazingly well, making possible the identification of the driving mechanism behind the ultrafast magnon excitations. Moreover, the authors succeed in obtaining information about the otherwise elusive spin-domain distribution in NiO and in showing that the energy transfer into the magnon mode is about three orders of magnitude more efficient via the inverse Cotton-Mouton effect than via the inverse Faraday effect.
An acute intake of phosphate increases parathyroid hormone secretion and inhibits bone formation in young women

We studied the effects of a single oral phosphate (Pi) dose as well as those of three consecutive oral phosphate doses on calcium and bone metabolism. In the first part of the study (P1 study) 10 female volunteers were given orally 1500 mg of Pi in water, as a single dose, or plain water in randomized order at two different sessions. In the second part of the study (P3 study), 10 female volunteers were given orally 1500 mg of Pi, as three separate 500 mg doses in water, or plain water in randomized order. Calcium and bone metabolism was monitored for 24 h by measuring the concentrations of serum ionized calcium (S‐iCa), urinary calcium, serum phosphate (S‐P), urinary P, serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum carbon‐terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PICP), serum osteocalcin (BGP), serum carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase activity (B‐ALP). The S‐P increased (p = 0.00005 and p = 0.0005, in the P1 and P3 studies, respectively), the S‐iCa concentration declined significantly only in the P1 study (p = 0.0014), the urinary calcium excretion decreased (p = 0.02 and 0.013, in the P1 and P3 studies, respectively), and the PTH concentration rose (p = 0.0083 and p = 0.014, in the P1 and P3 studies, respectively) during the phosphate experiment as compared with the control session. Of the three markers of bone formation studied, PICP declined in the P1 study (p = 0.04), and B‐ALP declined in both parts of the study (p = 0.027, p = 0.026, in the P1 and P3 studies, respectively) after phosphate administration, whereas there was no significant change in BGP in either of the studies. The markers of bone resorption, ICTP and DPD, were unaffected by the phosphate load in both studies. In conclusion, acute ingestion of phosphate leads to an increase in S‐P, a decrease in S‐iCa, and an increase in intact PTH secretion. Our results indicate that these events may lead to an acute inactivation of the early phases of bone formation. In this setting, there was no indication of enhanced bone resorption despite the increase in PTH secretion, which could be due to the combined effect of phosphate and PTH on bone resorption.