Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of individualized nursing care in hospitalized patients in a university hospital in Turkey.

AIM This study was planned to evaluate the perceptions of individualised nursing care of hospitalised patients in an orthopaedics and traumatology clinic. BACKGROUND Nurses who have adopted the individualised care approach are aware that their patients are unique individuals in their own right and plan their programme of care together with the patient, taking into consideration the patient's own experiences, behaviour, thoughts and perceptions. METHOD The sample in this cross-sectional study consisted of 151 patients. Patients' awareness and perception about individualised nursing care was evaluated using an Individualised Care Scale. RESULT The mean score of the study population in the Individualised Care Scale-A section was 3.41 ± 1.23; the mean score in the Individualised Care Scale-B section was 3.72 ± 1.15. No significant association was found between Individualised Care Scale and the subscales in terms of the patients' gender, age, education, employment, the presence of a history of hospitalisation, the existence of a chronic illness and self-sufficiency. CONCLUSION Patients had lower levels of awareness and perception about nursing actions designed to support patients' individuality in their personal life situations. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT In order for nursing care to be wholly individualised, nurses should not overlook patients' individuality in their personal life situations.
Does the size of the hemoperitoneum help to discriminate the bleeding source and guide therapeutic decisions in blunt trauma patients with pelvic ring fracture?

BACKGROUND In blunt trauma patients with a hemoperitoneum and a pelvic injury, multiple sources of active bleeding may exist. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the size of the hemoperitoneum helps to establish the bleeding source and guide therapeutic decisions in patients with pelvic fractures. METHODS The charts of patients with pelvic fractures admitted to a trauma intensive care unit from January 2005 to December 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. The hemoperitoneum size was defined by semiquantitative analysis (minimal/none, moderate, and large) using the Federle score on computed tomographic scan or during laparotomy. Active peritoneal hemorrhages requiring immediate laparotomy were compared according to hemoperitoneum size. RESULTS Of 185 patients, hemoperitoneum did not occur in 116 patients, moderate in 43, and large in 26. Among 102 patients (55%) who were hypotensive (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) on admission, 27 needed therapeutic laparotomy and 15 needed pelvic embolization. Laparotomy (39% vs. 2%) and pelvic embolization (22% vs. 4%) were required significantly more often in patients with hemoperitoneum (moderate or large) than those without hemoperitoneum. The positive predictive value for an active peritoneal hemorrhage derived from qualitative analysis of the hemoperitoneum (moderate or large) was 39% (4% in hypotensive patients and 40% in those requiring pelvic embolization). The corresponding values for large hemoperitoneum only (semiquantitative analysis) were 62%, 70%, and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION In patients with pelvic fractures, hemoperitoneum does not mean peritoneal injury requiring hemostatic procedure. Semiquantitative analysis of the hemoperitoneum improves predictability of peritoneal hemorrhage than qualitative analysis of hemoperitoneum. However, there remains numerous false-positives even in presence of large hemoperitoneum associated with hypotension. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73: 117–125. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic study, level II.
KUZNETS HYPOTHESIS OF INCOME INEQUALITY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM EU

The article aims at identification of the determinants of income inequality in the EU countries in the period of 2004-2013. Specifically, we test for the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between income inequality and the level of economic development measured by the GDP per capita, as it is predicted by the Kuznets hypothesis. The data come from Eurostat (EU-SILC), International Monetary Fund and World Bank. Our results provide evidence for a U-shaped, rather than the inverted U, relationship. We find that unemployment rate and tertiary education attainment are statistically significantly and positively related to income inequality. Also old-age dependency ratio is significant in the EU15 countries, while a share of self-employed is significant in the new member states. Introduction and literature overview Inequality is natural and it does not have to be a negative phenomenon. Income inequality stems mainly from unequal distribution of employment rewards of individuals and these have to differ depending on educational attainment, entrepreneurship, productivity, etc. Unequal incomes provide motivation for work, investment in education, accumulation of human capital and incentives for innovation and entrepreneurship (Dabla-Norris, 2015). Barro (2000) points out that concentration of income and wealth in the hands of few individuals can be a positive process and result in new businesses and higher investment in education, especially in the developing countries. However, income inequality can be an effect of lack of opportunity and disadvantage of particular groups in the society. Excessive inequality can cause social tensions, e.g. higher crime rates, lead to a political and economic instability and poverty. Campbell, Haveman, Sandefur and Wolfe (2005) in their study indicate that an increase in income inequality negatively affects the average years of schooling, particularly among the lower income households. In general, from the economic sciences point of view, high inequality can cause suboptimal use of resources.
Effects of fusimotor stimulation on the response of the secondary ending of the muscle spindle to sinusoidal stretching (cat)

1. The responsiveness of the spindle secondary ending to sinusoidal stretching has been studied using the soleus muscle of the anaesthetized cat. The sensitivity (impulses/sec firing per mm stretching) and the phase of the response were determined by computer averaging. The small linear range was studied at frequencies of 0·5‐500 Hz, and also the larger non‐linear range at 1 Hz.
Tail dependence in financial data: Modelling dependence in dynamic factor models with copulas and extreme value theory

In this thesis we model extreme log-returns on economic variables and apply this to Ortec Finance's model. These extreme log-returns are relevant for risk management applications such as Value-at-Risk and other measures of tail risk. We use extreme value theory to simulate economic variables with the desired tail behaviour. We pay special attention to correlations between economic variables, since these tend to increase during financial crises. This suggest the possibility of tail dependence and we use copula theory to model behaviour similarly to what we observed historically. We find that a single parameter, the tail index, can be used to model the tail behaviour of an economic variable. To model the tail dependence between economic variables we can also use a single parameter namely the tail dependence coefficient. We model the complete dependence structure with a semiparametric copula, such that the copula has the desired tail dependence coefficient, but also approximates the dependence outside the tails. These techniques are applied in the context of vector autoregressive models, since these models are used to describe the statistical factors in Ortec Finance's Dynamic Scenario Generator, which generates future economic scenarios. We provide a first stylized indication on how these techniques could be applied in the context of Ortec Finance's model.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth control by lung macrophages and CD8 cells from patient contacts.

RATIONALE Healthy household contacts (HHCs) of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis are exposed aerogenically to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), thus permitting the study of protective local immunity. OBJECTIVES To assess alveolar macrophage (AM) and autologous blood CD4 and CD8 T-cell-mediated Mtb growth control in HHCs and healthy, unexposed community control subjects (CCs). METHODS AMs were infected with Mtb strains H(37)Ra and H(37)Rv at multiplicities of infection 0.1 and 1. Mtb colony-forming units were evaluated on Days 1, 4, and 7. MAIN RESULTS CD8 T cells from HHCs in 1:1 cocultures with AMs significantly (p < 0.05) increased Mtb growth control by AMs. In CCs, no detectable contribution of CD8 T cells to Mtb growth control was observed. CD4 T cells did not increase Mtb growth control in HHCs or in CCs. IFN-gamma, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor were determined as potential mediators of Mtb growth control in AMs and AM/CD8 and AM/CD4 cocultures. IFN-gamma production in AM/CD4 was twofold higher than that in AM/CD8 cocultures in both HHCs and CCs (p < 0.05). Nitric oxide production from AMs of HHCs increased on Days 4 and 7 and was undetectable in AMs from CCs. IFN-gamma and nitric acid concentrations and Mtb growth control were not correlated. Tumor necrosis factor levels were significantly increased in AM/CD8 cocultures from HHCs compared with AM/CD8 cocultures from CCs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Aerogenic exposure to Mtb in HHCs leads to expansion of Mtb-specific effector CD8 T cells that limit Mtb growth in autologous AMs.
The Impact of Permanent Residency Delays for Stem Phds: Who Leaves and Why

This paper assesses whether delays in obtaining permanent residency status can explain recent declines in the share of Chinese and Indian PhD graduates from US STEM programs who remain in the US after their studies. We find that newly-binding limits on permanent visas for those from China and India with advanced degrees are significantly associated with declines in stay rates. The stay rate of Chinese graduates declines by 2.4 percentage points for each year of delay, while Indian graduates facing delays of at least 5 1/2 years have a stay rate that is 8.9 percentage points lower. The per-country permanent visa cap affects a large share of STEM PhDs who are disproportionately found in fields of study that have been crucial in stimulating US economic growth yet enroll relatively few natives. Finally, results suggest that the growth of science in countries of origin has an important influence on stay rates, while macroeconomic factors such as GDP per capita affect stay rates only via their impact on science funding. We conclude that per-country limits play a significant role in constraining the supply of highly skilled STEM workers in the US economy.
An Analysis of Fishing Selectivity for Northeast US Multispecies Bottom Trawlers

Observed production sets in multispecies fisheries are affected by regulatory incentives influencing spatiotemporal fishing decisions. Rights-based output controls can promote selective fishing; however, this ability may be limited and insufficient in achieving full utilization of catch quotas. We measure fishing selectivity for bottom trawlers catching federally regulated groundfish in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank before and after the introduction of rights-based output controls. Directional distance functions are applied to tow-level catch data collected by fishery observers to construct a measure of selectivity equal to the difference between strong and weak output disposal efficient production frontiers. Quantile regressions are then used to estimate the change in median selectivity associated with the introduction of catch share management, controlling for spatial, temporal, and individual factors. A significant improvement in selectivity was found for tows in Georges Bank following the 2010 management change, though production is still largely characterized by imperfect selectivity.
The interaction between corporate governance changes, ownership and conservatism, and their impact on performance evaluation and risk modelling

Internationally there have been series of company scandals over the last 30 years, which have lead to the belief there is a need for improved corporate governance. The UK has not been impervious to this and the initial response was the Cadbury Report published in 1992 and subsequent reports in UK have tackled other aspects of this perceived crisis. Many authors have studied the impact of corporate governance changes arising from these reports on firm performance. There are several studies that have tried to discover the relationship of the codes of practice, which have developed from the reports, and the risk management of companies. Given the complexity of the situation it is not surprising that the results have not reached consistent conclusions. In this study one of the major themes, which has developed, is accounting conservatism, which exists within the accounting process. Conservatism has existed within practice of the accounting reporting through time, but the pattern of conservatism became pervasive during the 1990s. Furthermore conservatism is enforced by corporate governance changes. The pervasive existence of conservatism induces information risk in the evaluation of firm performance, and hence to the measurement of firm risks. When firm performance is measured with income related measures, such as net income or income before interests and taxes, there is the possibility misleading results occurs. Also there is a high likelihood of poor measures of firm default risk when using accounting based default model such as Altman model and Ohlson model. The findings within this thesis will help future researchers who studies performance and risk models. As hopefully it will lead them to greater care in interpretation when they use income related variables to measure firm performance and risk.
Southward Migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone Through the Holocene

Titanium and iron concentration data from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, off the Venezuelan coast, can be used to infer variations in the hydrological cycle over northern South America during the past 14,000 years with subdecadal resolution. Following a dry Younger Dryas, a period of increased precipitation and riverine discharge occurred during the Holocene “thermal maximum. ” Since ∼5400 years ago, a trend toward drier conditions is evident from the data, with high-amplitude fluctuations and precipitation minima during the time interval 3800 to 2800 years ago and during the “Little Ice Age. ” These regional changes in precipitation are best explained by shifts in the mean latitude of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), potentially driven by Pacific-based climate variability. The Cariaco Basin record exhibits strong correlations with climate records from distant regions, including the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, providing evidence for global teleconnections among regional climates.
Comparative effects of various commercially available mouthrinse formulations on oral malodor.

OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to compare a new mouthwash (SB12®) containing 0.025% chlorhexidine and 0.3% zinc for oral malodor reduction against four commercially available mouthwashes and negative control. A secondary aim was to compare the two methods for measuring volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) by halimetry and OralChroma. METHODS Organoleptic scale, halimeter and the OralChroma were used to assess oral malodour and VSC. The effects of five test formulations and water (negative control) were assessed after 30, 60, 90 and 180 min, with 1 week between the treatments to avoid any cross-over effect. RESULTS Reduction in H(2) S by halimetry and malodour levels by organoleptic assessment ranged from, slight (LacerFresh®) (P > 0.05), moderate (BreathRx®, SmartMouth® (P < 0.01) to marked effects (SB12®, Listerine®) (P < 0.001) at all time points compared with water. The largest differences were observed at 30 min and decreased with time. SB12® showed separation from Listerine® at 180 min, using ANOVA plus Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison post-test (P < 0.05). Relationships between organoleptic, halimeter and OralChroma were between R² = 0.795 and 0.926. CONCLUSION SB12 shows a consistent and reproducible inhibitory effect on oral malodor parameters, which in turn correlate well with each other.
Is the Airline Trustworthy? The Impact of Source Credibility on Voluntary Carbon Offsetting

Airlines have introduced voluntary carbon offsetting (VCO) products to encourage consumers to mitigate emissions from their air travel. However, literature has suggested a low VCO adoption partly because of low perceived credibility. This study investigates the impact of source credibility (expertise and trustworthiness) on air travelers’ purchase intention for aviation VCO products. This is the first study to conceptualize and test the influence of source credibility on air travelers’ carbon offsetting behavior using communication theory. Source credibility of a message directly influences air travelers’ purchase intention of aviation VCO products in a positive way. Examining source credibility components shows that trustworthiness has a significant positive impact on purchase intention, while the impact of expertise is not significant. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed, which highlight the importance of improving source credibility, and trustworthiness in particular, to encourage consumers to mitigate air travel emissions.
A Eukaryotic Factor Required for Accumulation of the Chloroplast NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase Complex in Arabidopsis1

The NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex in chloroplasts mediates photosystem I cyclic and chlororespiratory electron transport. Eleven chloroplast genes and three nuclear genes have been identified as encoding Ndh subunits, but the entire subunit composition is still unknown. An Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chlororespiratory reduction (crr3) mutant was isolated based on its lack of transient increase in chlorophyll fluorescence after actinic light illumination; this was due to a specific defect in accumulation of the NDH complex. The CRR3 gene (At2g01590) encodes a novel protein containing a putative plastid-targeting signal and a transmembrane domain. Consistent with the gene structure, CRR3 localized to the membrane fraction of chloroplasts. In addition to the essential function of CRR3 in stabilizing the NDH complex, the NDH complex is also required for the accumulation of CRR3. These results suggest that CRR3 interacts with the NDH complex in the thylakoid membrane. In contrast to other subunits in the chloroplast NDH complex, CRR3 is not conserved in cyanobacteria from which the chloroplast NDH complex is believed to have originated. We propose that CRR3 is a subunit of the NDH complex, which is specific to the chloroplast.
Bank Panics and Fire Sales, Insolvency and Illiquidity

Banking system crises are complex events that in a short span of time can inflict extensive damage to banks themselves and to the external economy. The crisis literature has so far identified a number of distinct effects or channels that can propagate distress contagiously both directly within the banking network itself and indirectly, between the network and the external economy. These contagious effects, and the potential events that trigger these effects, can explain most aspects of past crises, and are thought to be likely to dominate future financial crises. Since the current international financial regulatory regime based on the Basel III Accord does a good job of ensuring that banks are resilient to such contagion effects taken one at a time, systemic risk theorists increasingly understand that future crises are likely to be dominated by the spillovers between distinct contagion channels. The present paper aims to provide a model for systemic risk that is comprehensive enough to include the important contagion channels identified in the literature. In such a model one can hope to understand the dangerous spillover effects that are expected to dominate future crises. To rein in the number and complexity of the modelling assumptions, two requirements are imposed, neither of which is yet well-known or established in the main stream of systemic risk research. The first, called stock-flow consistency, demands that the financial system follows a rigorous set of rules based on accounting principles. The second requirement, called asset-liability symmetry, implies that every proposed contagion channel has a dual channel obtained by interchanging assets and liabilities, and that these dual channel pairs have a symmetric mathematical representation.
Short-term comparison of tibial tuberosity advancement and tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease using kinetic analysis

Summary Objectives: This study set out to compare the outcomes of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) and tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) procedures in the treatment of dogs affected with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) based on subjective parameters and objective pressure platform analysis (baropodometry). Methods: Twenty-seven adult dogs weighing over 20 kg that were presented with unilateral CCLD and were treated by the TTA (12 dogs) or TPLO (15 dogs) surgical procedure. Patient allocation to either group was based on tibial plateau angle (TPA), according to clinical guidelines (indication for TTA for dogs was a TPA up to 25°, and indication for TPLO was any TPA). Pressure platform analysis was performed prior to surgery and at four different postoperative time points (14, 30, 60 and 90 days). Results: Limb function significantly improved following TTA and TPLO, with no significant differences between groups. Conclusion: The TTA and TPLO surgical procedures were considered to be equally effective in promoting weight bearing capacity recovery in dogs affected with unilateral CCLD under the conditions of this trial.
Assessing electronic service delivery in municipalities: determinants and financial consequences of e-government implementation

ABSTRACT In the Netherlands, electronic service delivery has become an important issue in many municipalities. Using the Internet for service delivery is seen as an important element of e-government. Based on 2014–2016 panel data for all Dutch municipalities, we show that there is a large variety among the municipalities in the extent to which they offer their service delivery digitally. By exploring the factors that may explain the differences among the municipalities, some trends can be discerned. Most notably is the strong relationship of e-government adoption with demographic characteristics, such as population, population density and both older age and younger age groups. Remarkably, we did not find an influence of education and income. Finally, we did not observe a relation between municipal allocated costs and level of e-maturity, hereby leaving the question open if and how e-government can lead to cost reductions.