Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First steps towards p-adic Langlands functoriality

Abstract By the theory of Colmez and Fontaine, a de Rham representation of the Galois group of a local field roughly corresponds to a representation of the Weil-Deligne group equipped with an admissible filtration on the underlying vector space. Using a modification of the classical local Langlands correspondence, we associate with any pair consisting of a Weil-Deligne group representation and a type of a filtration (admissible or not) a specific locally algebraic representation of a general linear group. We advertise the conjecture that this pair comes from a de Rham representation if and only if the corresponding locally algebraic representation carries an invariant norm. In the crystalline case, the Weil-Deligne group representation is unramified and the associated locally algebraic representation can be studied using the classical Satake isomorphism. By extending the latter to a specific norm completion of the Hecke algebra, we show that the existence of an invariant norm implies that our pair, indeed, comes from a crystalline representation. We also show, by using the formalism of Tannakian categories, that this latter fact is compatible with classical unramified Langlands functoriality and therefore generalizes to arbitrary split reductive groups.
Street Vendors and the Dynamics of the Informal Economy: Evidence from Vung Tau, Vietnam

The role of the informal economy in promoting genuine economic development remains a contested one: optimists believe potential entrepreneurs are capable of supporting themselves and their families, perhaps with the assistance of interventions; pessimists, meanwhile, see such individuals as being subject to the forces of global capitalism with which they cannot contend and who must survive increasingly difficult housing, living and environmental conditions which threaten their security. Previous research of street vendors in Bangkok indicated some support for both points of view and this paper extends the research to Vung Tau in Vietnam, which is an oil industry centre and emerging tourist resort. To what extent are vendors able to upgrade their products and business models to take advantage of the new demands available and what difficulties do they face in their work? To date, they have not been able to take advantage of such opportunities.
Studying the Safety Impact of Autonomous Vehicles Using Simulation-Based Surrogate Safety Measures

Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has advanced rapidly in recent years with some automated features already available in vehicles on the market. AVs are expected to reduce traffic crashes as the majority of crashes are related to driver errors, fatigue, alcohol, or drugs. However, very little research has been conducted to estimate the safety impact of AVs. This paper aims to investigate the safety impacts of AVs using a simulation-based surrogate safety measure approach. To this end, safety impacts are explored through the number of conflicts extracted from the VISSIM traffic microsimulator using the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). Behaviours of human-driven vehicles (HVs) and AVs (level 4 automation) are modelled within the VISSIM’s car-following model. The safety investigation is conducted for two case studies, that is, a signalised intersection and a roundabout, under various AV penetration rates. Results suggest that AVs improve safety significantly with high penetration rates, even when they travel with shorter headways to improve road capacity and reduce delay. For the signalised intersection, AVs reduce the number of conflicts by 20% to 65% with the AV penetration rates of between 50% and 100% (statistically significant at ). For the roundabout, the number of conflicts is reduced by 29% to 64% with the 100% AV penetration rate (statistically significant at ).
A Probabilistic Model for Capacity in Wireless Multihop Networks

Capacity is an important property for QoS support in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and has recently attracted considerable attention in research. However, most approaches rely on simplified models (infinite network, isotropic radio propagation, unidirectional links, perfect scheduling, etc.) and provide only asymptotic bounds or integer linear programming equations. In this paper we take a probabilistic approach and model capacity as a random variable that depends on node distribution, communication pattern, radio propagation and channel assignment. Expected values for the random variable at a given point within the parameter space are then computed using Monte-Carlo simulation. The modularity of the approach allows for capacity analysis under more realistic network models. We demonstrate the potential of such a model by showing that for acknowledgement-based networks throughput capacity increases in the presence of shadowing, even above the critical node density.
Suppression of warm rain by aerosols in rain-shadow areas of India

Abstract. Aircraft observations of clouds and aerosols were conducted during the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) executed by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology over the Indian subcontinent during the period of May–September 2009. Existence of aerosol layer with large concentrations of cloud drop condensation nuclei extended up to heights of 4 to 5 km was observed over the rain shadow areas to the east of the Western Ghats over central India. The thick aerosol layers were observed to suppress the formation of warm rain in convective clouds up to heights of about 7 km, where mixed phase precipitation formed. This prevented clouds that did not exceed this height from precipitating significantly. This might invigorate the very deep clouds on expense of the smaller clouds. The aerosol radiative effects are suspected to decrease the surface heating and hence the available energy for propelling the convection. The net effect of the aerosols on the rainfall amounts is unknown due to the complexity of the effect, but it is suspected to be detrimental in an area where the rainfall is critical to the livelihood of the inhabitants. This requires continuation of this research.
Manifestations of ergativity in Amazonia

This book is the result of a three year project Manifestations of Ergativity in Amazonia, funded by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France) as part of a programme of joint projects called Programmes internationaux de cooperation scientifique (PICS). The Ergativity project was hosted at the Laboratorio de Linguas Indigenas (LALI) of the University of Brazilia, directed by Prof. Aryon Rodrigues. The French collaborator was Francesc Queixalos, Centre d'Etudes des Langues Indigenes d'Amerique. The three annual workshops held during the project gathered colleagues from several countries, including Brazil, France, Peru, the United States, Australia, the Netherlands, and Spain, all but one working on first hand data from living Amazonian languages. The working papers of the project can be accessed at: http://celia.cnrs. fr/FichExt/Documents de travail/Ergativite/Introductions_ergativite. htm In this introduction, we first briefly define ergativity within the framework of alignment typology, which allows us to characterize the geographical and genetic distribution of main clause ergativity in Amazonia (§1). Next, we provide a brief overview of what we see as the major theoretical issues raised by the phenomenon of
Infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring protein structure and interaction changes during cheese ripening

Sixteen experimental semi-hard cheeses, varying in moisture (42.1 to 49.8%), protein (20.2 to 25.9%) and fat (23.7 to 31.1%) content, were manufactured and ripened under controlled conditions. Fluorescence (tryptophan) and mid-infrared (Amide I and II regions) spectra were col- lected at 1, 21, 51 and 81 days of ripening in order to test the ability of spectroscopy to highlight the molecular changes that occur during this process. The mid-infrared and fluorescence spectral data from the experimental cheeses were analysed firstly by principal component analysis. Secondly, the correlations between the chemical domain and the spectral domains were studied by canonical corre- lation analysis methods. These analyses showed that each spectroscopic technique provided relevant information related to the cheese protein structure, which was used to discriminate each ripening stage. In addition, some spectral characteristics of ripened cheeses, linked to the initial chemical com- position and the initial protein network structure, were detected at the early stage of ripening. Finally, a canonical correlation analysis between the two sets of spectroscopic data was performed and al- lowed to clearly discriminate each stage of ripening and each cheese at the 4 ripening stages. A mo- lecular interpretation of these results involving the modifications of proteins, minerals and water interactions during ripening was attempted. This result demonstrated the interest of coupling two complementary spectroscopic techniques. Such coupling allowed the description of global character- istics of the investigated samples, which can be used for their characterisation. cheese / ripening / protein / structure / spectroscopy
Internationalisation ( Transnationalisation ) of the Enterprise Sector * Working paper

As part of a wider research program we analysed the theoretical framework and the recent developments of the process of internationalisation (transnationalisation) of the smalland mediumsized enterprises generally in the European Union and with a specific view on Hungary and Spain. We tried to highlight the trends and barriers of internationalisation. We carried out document analyses, interviews, analyses of statistical databases and an own data collection with online survey.
Analysis of the effect of land tenure on technical efficiency in smallholder crop production in Kenya

Agriculture is the backbone of the Kenyan economy contributing 26% to GDP and 70% to employment. Majority of the farmers in Kenya are smallholder farmers possessing less than 3 acres of land. The agricultural sector in Kenya has been facing several challenges among them declining yields. While the decline in yields could be associated with several other factors, it could also be as a result of the effect of insecure land tenure systems which are little understood. This study examines the technical efficiency of alternative land tenure systems among smallholder farmers and identifying the determinants of inefficiency with the objective of exploring land tenure policies that would enhance efficiency in production. The study is based on the understanding that land tenure alone will not be enough to indicate the levels of efficiency of individual farms, other socio economic factors such as gender, education and farm size would also be expected to be important determinants of efficiency. A stochastic frontier was used to estimate technical efficiency and relate it to land tenure and socio economic factors using data from 22 districts from the main agro–ecological zones. The study found that parcels with land titles have a higher efficiency level. Other factors such as education status of head, access to fertilizers, and group participation were also found to significantly influence technical efficiency. The study recommends that the process of land registration should be extended to other regions of the country but at the same time other factors such as access to inputs and improvement of education status should also be addressed.
New Zealand Society of Animal Production online archive

Forty Border Leicester (BL) and forty-eight Dorset Down (DD) ewe hoggets (7.5 mo) that had been farmed together were scanned using a real-time ultrasound machine, at six sites with one muscle depth (B) and five subcutaneous fat depth measurements (R -tissue depth over fifth rib, C backfat over last rib, GR, L backfat over last lumb‘ar vertebrae, T fat over tail) being taken. Comparisons of tissue ratios (individual fat depth divided by B) were used to characterise subcutaneous fat distribution. From these ratios it was found that the DD had 9%, 10% and 6% greater ratios at R, L and T respectively, and 7% lower ratios at C and GR. Breed differences at R, GR andT were significant CpcO.05). It was concluded that true genetic differences in subcutaneous fat distribution existed between the . genotypes studied. These findings have implications for carcass classification, for breeding programmes for lean growth, and for comparisons of the fatness of different genotypes.
Bioefficacy of two entomopathgenic nematodes against Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval (Lepidoptera) and Temnorhynchus baal Reiche (Coleoptera) larvae

Efficacy of the two entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (HP88 strain) and Steirnema glaseri Steiner (NJ strain), was tested on the fifth and third instar l arvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Temnorhynchus baal (Reiche) under laboratory conditions. Experiments were conducted on filter paper and sandy soil substrates using nematode at 50, 100, 200 and 400 infective juveniles/5ml of water. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was most effective on the fifth instar larvae of S. littoralis whereas S. glaseri was effective against third instar larvae of T. ball third. Insect mortality was high (60 -90%) and low (<45%) at higher and lower nematode concentrations respectively. Heterorhabditis bacteriophoratreated larvae of S. littoralis succumbed to the infection at the higher rates (80 -100%) as compared to those treated with S. glaseri. The rate of mortality of S. littoralis was lowest when treated with S. glaseri (2-20%). The differences in the rate of nematode infection and insect mortality under various experimental conditions are attributed to the difference in the behavior, virulence, rate of penetration and host searching abilities of nematodes and the abilities of insect pest larvae to resist nematode penetration. Present study suggests that entomopathogenic nematodes are important and effective biological control agents of most soil dwelling insect pests.
Equity Ownership and Capital Structure: Evidence from the Firms in the Nikkei 225 Stock Index

In this paper, we research the linkage between the equity ownership and debt ratios as to the corporations in the Nikkei 225 stock index in Japan. The findings with regard to the Nikkei 225 firms from our investigations are as follows. First, we clarify that the relations between debt ratios and the shareholding ratios of foreign companies are strongly negative. Second, we also reveal that the relations between debt ratios and the shareholding ratios of the domestic non-financial corporations are strongly positive. Third, we further derive that the relations between debt ratios and the shareholding ratios of the 10 largest shareholders are generally negative.
Ground-based MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric aerosols, NO 2 , SO 2 and HCHO in Wuxi, China, from 2011 to 2014

Abstract. We characterize the temporal variation and vertical distribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and aerosol extinction based on long-term multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations from May 2011 to November 2014 in Wuxi, China. A new inversion algorithm (PriAM) is implemented to retrieve profiles of the trace gases (TGs) and aerosol extinction (AE) from the UV spectra of scattered sunlight recorded by the MAX-DOAS instrument. We investigated two important aspects of the retrieval process. We found that the systematic seasonal variation of temperature and pressure (which is regularly observed in Wuxi) can lead to a systematic bias of the retrieved aerosol profiles (e.g. up to 20 % for the AOD) if it is not explicitly considered. In this study we take this effect into account for the first time. We also investigated in detail the reason for the differences of tropospheric vertical column densities derived from either the geometric approximation or by the integration of the retrieved profiles, which were reported by earlier studies. We found that these differences are almost entirely caused by the limitations of the geometric approximation (especially for high aerosol loads). The results retrieved from the MAX-DOAS observations are compared with independent techniques not only under cloud-free sky conditions, but also under various cloud scenarios. Under most cloudy conditions (except fog and optically thick clouds), the trace gas results still show good agreements. In contrast, for the aerosol results, only near-surface AE could be still well retrieved under cloudy situations. After applying a quality control procedure, the MAX-DOAS data are used to characterize the seasonal, diurnal and weekly variations of NO2, SO2, HCHO and aerosols. A regular seasonality of the three trace gases is found, but not for aerosols. Similar annual variations of the profiles of the trace gases appear in different years. Only NO2 shows a significant seasonality of the diurnal variations. Considerable amplitudes of weekly cycles occur for NO2 and SO2, but not for HCHO and aerosols. The TGs and aerosols show good correlations, especially for HCHO in winter. More pronounced wind direction dependencies, especially for the near-surface concentrations, are found for the trace gases than for the aerosols, which implies that the local emissions from nearby industrial areas (including traffic emissions) dominate the local pollution, while long-distance transport might also considerably contribute to the local aerosol levels.
Understanding Users’ Continued Use of Online Games: An Application of UTAUT2 in Social Network Games

Online gaming market is thriving but accompanied with fierce competitions. Players’ continued use of online games is critical for the success of online game providers. This study applies UTAUT2 as the research framework to identify the key determinants of social network game (SNG) players’ continued use intention, and to explore the moderating effects of individual characters (such as age, gender, and user experience) on the proposed hypotheses as well. The research model is examined by analyzing 3919 valid empirical data collected among SNG players in China. The results suggest that social influence is the most important determinant of continuance intention to use SNG, followed by habit, fantasy, enjoyment, achievement and price value. User experience and age are not moderators, whereas gender exerts moderating effects on the paths from social influence, perceived enjoyment and price value to continuance intention. KeywordsIS Continuance, UTAUT2, Social Network
Wall-crossing and invariants of higher rank Joyce-Song stable pairs

We introduce a higher rank analog of the Joyce-Song theory of stable pairs. Given a nonsingular projective Calabi-Yau threefold $X$, we define the higher rank Joyce-Song pairs given by ${O}^{r}_{X}(-n)\rightarrow F$ where $F$ is a pure coherent sheaf with one dimensional support, $r>1$ and $n\gg 0$ is a fixed integer. We equip the higher rank pairs with a Joyce-Song stability condition and compute their associated invariants using the wallcrossing techniques in the category of weakly semistable objects.
Estimating Import Demand Functions in Major Beef Importing Countries by Bayesian Hierarchical Linear Model

Trade elasticities are critical for price or structural change analysis. The Armington demand model is used to estimate trade elasticities, the country-of-origin bias, and the impact of the U.S. BSE outbreak on preferences. OLS estimation generates theoretically wrong signs, including a positive impact of U.S. BSE on other countries’ demand for imported beef. Results of a Bayesian hierarchical model show that import demand of countries that tend to import more beef from the U.S., such as Japan, Canada, Korea, and Russia, are affected more by the U.S. BSE outbreak than countries, such as the EU that tend not to import from the U.S.
Knowing versus producing

Dutch nouns are divided into two groups according to grammatical gender which is, among others, marked on the definite determiner: common nouns take the definite determiner de and neuter nouns take the definite determiner het. This study is unique in systematically investigating the acquisition of grammatical gender and the definite determiner in the production and knowledge data of the same Dutch children. Three groups of children were examined: (i) typically developing monolinguals (L1-TD: 6;7–9;11), (ii) monolinguals with Specific Language Impairment (L1-SLI: 8;4–12;0), and (iii) typically developing bilinguals, which are early second language learners (eL2: 6;7–10;0). The three groups of children reveal different stages in discovering that de and het cover the gender paradigm. At comparable ages, the L1-TD children have completed this paradigm discovery, however, the eL2 children have not yet completed it, and the L1SLI children are only at the first stage of the discovery of the gender paradigm.
Wind assessment network at North of Yucatan Peninsula

In order to increase the use of the winds as energy sources is essential to study the periodical patterns of the wind resources by means of high quality data obtained from measurement stations, specially configured to evaluate the energy available in the winds. The present work shows the preliminary results of the network of ultrasonic wind sensors which were installed by the Autonomous University of Yucatan at the North region of the Yucatan Peninsula. Located in the tropical region at the Eastern of Mexico, the study area had been studied previously just by means of the wind data from the local meteorological stations. The developed network is formed by six towers between 40m and 50m height located around the main parts of the North of Yucatan Peninsula. The preliminary result shows a highly directional behaviour of the winds with better wind resources at the sites on the coast line.
Farmer’s acceptance towards sustainable farming technology

Article history: Received 6 December 2016 Received in revised form 17 September 2017 Accepted 20 October 2017 Sustainable Farming Technology has captured the interest of developing countries and the numbers are growing because it relies on the availability of natural and human resources. Sustainable farming is still a new way or method of farming in the industry. The local farmers here in Malaysia are still not familiar with the sustainable way of farming. Some of the farmers have implemented such technology however failed to achieve success since they are lack of knowledge and expertise. For the last decades, the influence of technology has driven the changes in most of the organization. Trusting in technology or believing that a technology has desirable attributes seems reasonable because we talk about trusting in non-human entitles in everyday discourse. Environmental-related technology has become more important in influencing and shaping organizational strategy and enhances economic returns. Nowadays, business culture is moving towards green business initiatives. There are growing attention of entrepreneurs recognize that doing sustainability or anything related to green is good for their business and also to the environment. Specifically, the objective of this study is to identify the factors that encourage farmers to accept Sustainable Farming Technology. Factors for predicting the acceptance of Sustainable Farming Technology is expected to be produced at the end of the study. The research is also aimed to add value to the existing literature in the study of farmers using sustainable farming technology in their business and towards the national agenda.