Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Velocity and anisotropy structure at the Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand from receiver functions

SUMMARY We examine seismic velocity and anisotropy at the interface between the Australian and the subducting Pacific Plate in southern North Island, New Zealand using receiver functions from teleseismic earthquakes recorded on two L-shaped seismic arrays. IRIS station SNZO makes up the corner of the southern array. Velocity models are tested with a ray theoretical method that allows both dipping boundaries and anisotropy, assuming a 2-D structure beneath each array. The strongest arrival on the northern array consistently appears at 2 s. The arrival is modelled by a jump in velocity at a flat boundary at 12 km, which may be caused by a change in metamorphic grade. This prominent arrival correlates with a weaker arrival at 1.5 s (7 km) at station SNZO. Isotropic layers dipping with the slab can explain many features in the first 20 s of the records, but anisotropy is needed to explain both the transverse receiver functions and a change in the polarity of a prominent Ps arrival at 3 s delay, relative to P ,o nthe radial component. This arrival is consistent with a change between an upper layer that is either isotropic or anisotropic with a horizontal symmetry axis, and a supraslab metasediment layer having anisotropy with av ertical slow axis of symmetry. There is tradeoff between boundary dip, the plunge of the axis of symmetry, layer thickness and the amount of anisotropy. A dip of 20 ◦ (shallowing to 15 ◦ under the Tararua array), thickness of 4 km, and a vertical symmetry axis fits the backazimuth variation of the amplitudes and polarities of the arrivals with anisotropy of 4‐ 6 per cent. Observed layer multiples are smaller than synthetic predictions. To explain this discrepancy, either layer boundaries are rough, attenuation is strong, or the layer boundaries are more gradational at the periods (1 s) used in this study compared to previous studies (∼5 s).
Estimating fund manager fees using option pricing model

This paper analyses the private equity fund compensation. We build a model to estimate the expected revenue of fund managers as a function of their investor contracts. We tried to evaluate the present value of the carried interest, which is one of the most common profit sharing arrangements observed in private equity funds. We applied the Monte Carlo simulation model and we introduced the non-marketability disco unt of the carried interest in order to calculate its fair value. The purpose of this paper is to determine the sensitivity of the expected carried interest fair value to the variation of its optional parameters.
Effects of indomethacin on the growth of cultured mammary tumors

We have studied the relative prostaglandin E (PGE)' synthesizing abilities of a number of mammary tumor liners cultured in vitro. These lines differ in a number of biologic characteristics including tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and metastatic potential. They also synthesize different levels of PGE and these levels are in the same relative order seen in sit The metastatic tumor lines 4526 and 410.4 synthesize more PGE than does the non‐metastatic tumor line 410. Syntheticactivity of all lines decreases with time in culture. Relative synthetic capacity is not correseen with the slowest wowing (68H) and fastest growing (4526) cell lines. lndomethacin is able to inhibit the synthesis of PGE in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner and the presence of indomethacin in of cell division.
Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane of the Seven-Transmembrane Protein Encoded by Human Herpesvirus 6 U51 Gene Involves a Cell-Specific Function Present in T Lymphocytes

ABSTRACT The sequence of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) U51 open reading frame predicts a protein of 301 amino acid residues with seven transmembrane domains. To identify and characterize U51, we derived antipeptide polyclonal antibodies and developed a transient expression assay. We ascertained that U51 was synthesized in cord blood mononuclear cells infected with either variant A- or variant B-HHV-6 and was transported to the surface of productively infected cells. When synthesized in transient expression systems, U51 intracellular trafficking was regulated in a cell-type-dependent fashion. In human monolayer HEK-293 and 143tk− cells, U51 accumulated predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum and failed to be transported to the cell surface. In contrast, in T-lymphocytic cell lines J-Jhan, Molt-3, and Jurkat, U51 was successfully transported to the plasma membrane. We infer that transport of U51 to the cell surface requires a cell-specific function present in activated T lymphocytes and T-cell lines.
An investigation of Country of Origin (COO) effects on elite Sri Lankan consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions towards hedonic and utilitarian products

Against the background of several theoretical and methodological criticisms on country of origin (COO) effects research, integrating the Means-End-Chain (MEC), this study investigated the effect of MEC based product COO images on elite consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions towards local and foreign made products, across hedonic and utilitarian products when buying for personal use vs. as a gift for a friend. The effect of two antecedents (consumer ethnocentrism and consumer need for uniqueness) on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions were also investigated. The data for the study was gathered via a sequential mixed methods study comprised of two phase pilot study (30 qualitative laddering interviews + quantitative survey with 261 elite consumers) and a primary study with a self-administered survey conducted in Sri Lanka among 311 elite professionals. The qualitative data were analysed employing standard MEC laddering data analysis procedure. Hierarchical regression analysis and paired sample t-tests were used to analyse the quantitative data. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in elite Sri Lankan consumers’ MEC based product images, attitudes and purchase intentions towards local versus foreign made products. Differences were also found between foreign COOs and across hedonic versus utilitarian product categories and purchase occasions. The MEC-based product COO images were found to have a significant ability to predict elite consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions. No significant effects of consumer ethnocentrism or consumer need for uniqueness were found on attitudes or purchase intentions. This study contributes to the body of knowledge of COO by asserting that COO is a relevant research area and providing a richer understanding of how elite consumers in an emerging market utilise COO as a means to achieve their desired end goals or values. From a managerial perspective, it indicates that COO needs to be managed carefully by companies as COO based product images are developed in MEC based sequence and these images differ across product categories and purchase occasions.
Signs of defensive control locate conflicted topics in discourse.

BACKGROUND Psychodynamic clinicians cite defensive actions observed in evaluation and treatment as a source of important information. Empirical support for such assertions has seldom been based on objective study of recorded psychotherapy. A quantitative study of the association of signs of defensive control with disclosure of conflicted beliefs was undertaken. METHODS Brief dynamic psychotherapies of two patients with pathological grief reactions were recorded and reviewed by independent judges. Periods of heightened defensive control of verbal and nonverbal communication were quantified using operational definitions. Reliably scored defensive episodes were algorithmically selected by computer programs. The people and topics discussed by patients were independently scored. RESULTS Highly defensive periods contained disproportionately more frequent instances of patient discourse about people involved in conflict and unresolved topics. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the psychodynamic hypothesis that observation of defensive behaviors may locate times of communication about conflicted themes.
Massive stars in the giant molecular cloud G23.3−0.3 and W41

Context. Young massive stars and stellar clusters continuously form in the Galactic disk, generating new Hii regions within their natal giant molecular clouds and subsequently enriching the interstellar medium via their winds and supernovae. Aims. Massive stars are among the brightest infrared stars in such regions; their identification permits the characterisation of the star formation history of the associated cloud as well as constraining the location of stellar aggregates and hence their occurrence as a function of global environment. Methods. We present a stellar spectroscopic survey in the direction of the giant molecular cloud G23.3−0.3. This complex is located at a distance of ~4–5 kpc, and consists of several Hii regions and supernova remnants. Results. We discovered 11 OfK+ stars, one candidate luminous blue variable, several OB stars, and candidate red supergiants. Stars with K-band extinction from ~1.3–1.9 mag appear to be associated with the GMC G23.3−0.3; O and B-types satisfying this criterion have spectrophotometric distances consistent with that of the giant molecular cloud. Combining near-IR spectroscopic and photometric data allowed us to characterize the multiple sites of star formation within it. The O-type stars have masses from ~25–45 M⊙, and ages of 5–8 Myr. Two new red supergiants were detected with interstellar extinction typical of the cloud; along with the two RSGs within the cluster GLIMPSE9, they trace an older burst with an age of 20–30 Myr. Massive stars were also detected in the core of three supernova remnants – W41, G22.7−0.2, and G22.7583−0.4917. Conclusions. A large population of massive stars appears associated with the GMC G23.3−0.3, with the properties inferred for them indicative of an extended history of stars formation.
Dialysate sodium and intradialytic hypotension

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication in hemodialysis, particularly with the time and frequency constraints of standard session delivery in contemporary practice. High intradialytic weight gain (IDWG), high ultrafiltration rates (UFR), and frequent IDH are highly interlinked, and separately or together contribute to the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in the hemodialysis population. Using a lower concentration of sodium in the dialysate (D‐Na) reduces sodium delivery to the patient during dialysis, and several studies reported the beneficial effect in controlling IDWG, UFR, and hypertension. On the other hand, high dialysate sodium is associated with more hemodynamic benefits in an unstable patient. The resulting sodium loading may, however, induce a vicious cycle of higher IDWG, requiring more rapid ultrafiltration, eventually contributing to intradialytic symptoms and hypotension. In this article, we review the available literature on fixed and profiled dialysate sodium prescriptions, and we recommend a tailored approach that considers the patient's status to optimize dialysis delivery.
Interfirm Value Creation: Conceptualizing for the Success and Sustainability of Strategic Partnerships

To achieve and maintain sustainable interfirm values such as competitive advantage and customer satisfaction, the developments of interfirm relations are common in the business world. This paper investigates the antecedents, methods, and outcomes of interfirm value creation to ensure a successful and sustainable strategic partnership. We suggest interfirm value creation requires proper implementation of value creating methods such as information sharing, electronic collaboration, joint programs, joint cost management, etc. Also, value creating methods require a strategic relationship that is featured by interfirm trust and dependency, communication, commitment, etc. This paper provides a special focus on interfirm value creation in a vertical relationship within the supply chain, mentioning antecedents as preconditions and outcomes as consequences of interfirm value creation.
Private-Collective Software Business Models: Coordination and Commercialization Via Licensing

The private-collective business models that involve both private investment incentives and the production of public goods are not well understood. This empirically oriented research uses the unique data from the software industries of five European countries (Finland, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain) to illuminate the patterns of private, entrepreneurial provision of software placed in the public domain. The estimation results strongly suggest that the highly restrictive GPL (General Public License) works as an efficient coordination mechanism for the (leading) developers of the OSS community and spreads particularly via the firms that have participated in the OSS development projects. The software companies supplying the OSS, instead, tend not to aim at using the GPL to coordinate the further development of their own OSS. The firms are rather the origin of more flexibly licensed OSS products though gener-ally the software firms OSS business strategies relate to the restrictive licensing strategy choices
Optimal Execution in Presence of Short-Term Trading

Starting from basic hypotheses on how footprints from hidden orders are interpreted by short-term traders, we derive a fair price model that predicts market impact for non-uniform participation rate schedules. We use this model to derive an optimal execution schedule for a risk-averse trader. The optimal schedule delays front-loading to avoid the information shock of an abrupt start. We also consider optimal strategies with respect to the Volume-Weighted Average Price (VWAP) benchmark. We show that the VWAP-optimized schedule for a large order is similar to the risk-averse one. In an example, we compute the cost of front-loading, and the additional cost of the information shock that results from an aggressive trade start.
Choices, constraints and strategies of independence : retail store managers and the management of human resources

This research involved an investigation into the role of store level managers in the employee resourcing decision-making process in multiple retailing in the UK. The context of the retail industry is considered, including the employment characteristics of the workforce. The nature of HRM and employee resourcing in multiple store retailing and its link with corporate strategy is discussed. Particular consideration is made to the devolution of employee resourcing responsibilities to store level managers. The nature of retail management at local level is investigate followed by an examination of their choices and constraints takes place. An embedded case study research methodology was adopted, which comprised of three multiple store retail organisations and six branches. Qualitative face-to-face interviews were conducted with management throughout the organisational hierarchy. The majority of interviewees were managers at store level. An inductive approach was adopted for analysing the data. A number of key findings were made and conclusions drawn through the inductive analysis of the data. Store level managers held significant responsibilities for employee resourcing, particularly in the recruitment and deployment of labour. They operated within a context of increasing centralisation and constraints. This resulted in their practice of strategies of independence to circumvent these increasing limitations. These strategies of independence had significant implications for the implementation of corporate policy and the management of human resources at store level. It was in the execution of employee resourcing where strategies of independence were most frequently deployed as HRM was the functional area where store level managers had greater autonomy. This resulted in a focus on 'hard' HRM practices at store level, regardless of head office 'rhetoric'. In conclusion, a modification of Stewart's (1982) 'Choices For Managers' model is made, to more accurately reflect the reality of management processes. The consequences of store level managers' choices and constraints is conceptualised in the 'The Organisational Vicious Circle' model. This outlines how strategies of independence will perpetuate the limitations of local management.
Association of novel risk factors with the ankle brachial index in African American and non-Hispanic white populations.

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether novel risk factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and homocysteine levels, are associated with the ankle brachial index (ABI) in African American and non-Hispanic white populations and whether novel risk factors account for ethnic differences in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Between December 2000 and October 2004, original participants in the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy study returned for a second study visit to undergo measurement of risk factors and ABI. The CRP, Lp(a), and homocysteine levels were log transformed to reduce skewness. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess whether a novel risk factor was associated with ABI after adjustment for conventional risk factors and whether ethnicity was associated with PAD (ABI, <or=0.95) after adjustment for conventional and novel risk factors. RESULTS Of 2229 study participants, the ABI was determined in 1395 African American participants (mean +/- SD age, 63 +/- 9 years; 71% women) and 834 white participants (mean +/- SD age, 58 +/- 9 years; 62% women) who belonged to hypertensive sibships. The mean ABI was lower in African American than in white individuals (0.99 +/- 0.1 vs 1.13 +/- 0.1; P < .001). In both ethnic groups, higher levels of CRP, fibrinogen, and homocysteine were each associated with a lower ABI after adjustment for conventional risk factors. In African American participants, the Lp(a) level was also significantly associated with the ABI. African American ethnicity was associated with the presence of PAD after adjustment for conventional risk factors (men: odds ratio [OR], 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-5.15; women: OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.85-4.29), but the risk was significantly attenuated after additional adjustment for novel risk factors (men: OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.21-3.70; women: OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.26-3.11). CONCLUSION Novel risk factors are associated with interindividual variation in ABI in African American and non-Hispanic white populations and partly account for the increased risk of PAD associated with African American ethnicity.
The Strategic Design of Reward Systems.

Abstract : Key issues in the strategic design of organizational reward systems are reviewed. Possible objectives for reward systems, including motivation, attraction/retention, culture development, and skill development are considered. The relationship between these objectives and such design options as performance pay, skill-based pay, flexible benefits market position, and internal versus external pay comparison orientation are reviewed. The process issues of openness and participation in pay system administration and development are also related to the possible objectives of the pay system. It is concluded that pay system design can be an important issue in determining the effectiveness of an organizational in relation to its external environment. (Author)
Pengaruh Event Sponsorship, Personal Selling, dan Iklan terhadap Brand Image Honda pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UMS

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of event sponsorship, personal selling, and advertising on brand image of Honda perceived by students of Muhammadiyah Surakarta Economic and Business Faculty. This study also tries to reveal the meaningfulness of the model in explaining brand image. This study hopefully will be able to deepen understanding regarding to brand image and can be used as reference for future studies. The hypothesis of this study is it is believed that there is an influence from event sponsorship, personal selling, and advertising on brand image. It is also believed that event sponsorship, personal selling, and advertising are able to explain brand image meaningfully. The population of this study is the entire active students of Muhamadiyah Surakarta Faculty of Economic and Business. Sampling method used is purposive sampling taking 40 respondents into account. This study employs multiple regression test. The first conclussion found by this study is event sponsorship does not influence brand image, neither does personal selling. On contrary, it is concluded that there is influence of advertising on brand image. It is also found that event sponsorship, personal selling, and advertising is a model that can explain brand image meaningfully. Finally, this study sugessts Honda to maximize its advertising campaign and to invest more cautiosly on event sponsorship and personal selling. Brand image, brand equity, event sponsorship, personal selling, advertising
The role of customer service in a highly tangible business-to-business market

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iii LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Business Context. 4 1.2 Organisational Problem. 10 1.3 Market Setting. 11 1.4 Research Objectives . 16 CHAPTER 2 – MEASURING AND MANAGING QUALITY AND SATISFACTION IN SERVICES . 20 2.1 Service Quality. 21 2.2 The Gap Model . 25 2.3 The SERVQUAL-Model . 32 2.3. 1 Usage and Applications . 42 2.3. 2 Shortcomings and Critique. 46 2.4 Customer Service . 46 2.5 Recapitulation . 51
Kenya - Broadband in Kenya : build it and they will come

This report considers the case of broadband in Kenya and the manner in which the country has tackled its capacity challenges. Kenya has a natural geographic advantage, being strategically positioned on the East Coast of Africa. Its government-led approach to broadband development has leveraged that advantage, and has played a major role in dramatically increasing fiber optic backbone capacity. Many of Kenya's milestones have been realized in less than five years - three cables had landed by the end of 2010 changing the face of the broadband market. The country has gone from relying on satellite for international capacity, to having access to almost four terabits over fiber from the three cables combined. What the Kenyan case demonstrates is that the promotion of broadband capacity is multifaceted and takes place on a number of different levels. This report analyzes the approach that has been taken to addressing network capacity challenges (supply side), as well as human capacity considerations affecting usage and uptake (demand side) by considering: the wholesale market for broadband connectivity (domestic and international backbone connectivity); the retail market for broadband access; and the development of services, applications and content. Much of Kenya's success is due to four important factors: a clear national vision; strong leadership and direction; a credible regulatory, policy and institutional framework; and leveraging the strength of the public and private sectors through public private partnerships.