Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in healthy schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE Data regarding the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its potential risk factors among schoolchildren from the Middle East is scarce. METHODS An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to investigate H. pylori status in four groups of children: The first and second groups, 50 children each (25 boys, 25 girls) included children from high socioeconomic class (group 1 = 6 years old; group 2 = 9 years old). The third and fourth groups were sex- and age-matched, but from low socioeconomic class. To evaluate the association between the seroprevalence of H. pylori and selected risk factors, odds ratios (crude and adjusted) were calculated using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Overall seroprevalence rate was 55.5%. Seropositivity was 42%, 52%, 60%, and 68% for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Age and sex were not significantly associated with H. pylori seropositivity. In the final logistic regression model, which was adjusted for age and sex, the following risk factors were found to be significantly associated with seropositivity: living in rural areas (P = 0.015), poor sanitation (P < 0.001), overcrowding (P = 0.014), low maternal educational level (P = 0.010) and low socioeconomic status (P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Jordanian schoolchildren is high, suggesting that most acquisition occurs before the age of 6 years. The seroprevalence for H. pylori increases with social deprivation.
Computer‐related visual symptoms in office workers

Citation information: Portello JK, Rosenfield M, Bababekova Y, Estrada JM & Leon A. Computer‐related visual symptoms in office workers. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 375–382. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2012. 00925.x
Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities: evidence report of independent panel to assess the role of physical activity in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.

1. Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. PMID: 10593519 [PubMed-indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations 2. Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities: evidence report of independent panel to assess the role of physical activity in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. 3. AHA/ACC scientific statement: Assessment of cardiovascular risk by use of multiple-risk-factor assessment equations: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. [PubMed-indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations 4. Assessment of cardiovascular risk by use of multiple-risk-factor assessment equations: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology.
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Of CA1 Inhibitory Neurons

Single-cell transcriptomics provides a powerful tool to understand cell classes in neural circuits. In cortex, however, the identification of distinct biological cell types based on transcriptomic data is complicated by the existence of many incompletely-understood and closely-related neural classes, which can also show continuous variation in gene expression. The inhibitory cells of hippocampal area CA1 have been extensively characterized, leading to 23 currently defined cell types that provide a Rosetta Stone for transcriptomic analysis. Here, we studied the transcriptomes of 3638 CA1 inhibitory cells. Novel clustering methods identified all 23 previously described CA1 inhibitory types, while also suggesting 6 new inhibitory classes. Latent-factor analysis revealed a common continuum of expression of many genes within and between classes, which we hypothesized correlates with a continuum from faster-spiking cells that proximally target pyramidal cells, to slower active cells targeting pyramidal distal dendrites or interneurons. In vitro patch-seq of Pvalb interneurons supported hypothesis.
Transcription, translation, and function of lubricin, a boundary lubricant, at the ocular surface.

IMPORTANCE Lubricin may be an important barrier to the development of corneal and conjunctival epitheliopathies that may occur in dry eye disease and contact lens wear. OBJECTIVE To test the hypotheses that lubricin (ie, proteoglycan 4 [PRG4 ]), a boundary lubricant, is produced by ocular surface epithelia and acts to protect the cornea and conjunctiva against significant shear forces generated during an eyelid blink and that lubricin deficiency increases shear stress on the ocular surface and promotes corneal damage. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Human, porcine, and mouse tissues and cells were processed for molecular biological, immunohistochemical, and tribological studies, and wild-type and PRG4 knockout mice were evaluated for corneal damage. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that lubricin is transcribed and translated by corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. Lubricin messenger RNA is also present in lacrimal and meibomian glands, as well as in a number of other tissues. Absence of lubricin in PRG4 knockout mice is associated with a significant increase in corneal fluorescein staining. Our studies also show that lubricin functions as an effective friction-lowering boundary lubricant at the human cornea-eyelid interface. This effect is specific and cannot be duplicated by the use of hyaluronate or bovine serum albumin solutions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results show that lubricin is transcribed, translated, and expressed by ocular surface epithelia. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that lubricin presence significantly reduces friction between the cornea and conjunctiva and that lubricin deficiency may play a role in promoting corneal damage.
Factors influencing adolescent mothers’ non-utilisation of contraceptives in the Mkhondo Area

This study investigated factors influencing adolescent mothers’ non-utilisation of contraceptives in the Mkhondo (previously known as the Piet Retief) area. Although contraceptives are available free of charge, the number of adolescent mothers continues to increase in this area. Questionnaires were completed by 107 adolescent mothers. Many participants (70.0%) lacked knowledge about contraceptives. Subsequent to the birth of their babies, only 59.81% used contraceptives, risking further pregnancies.The findings indicate that adolescents, from the age of 12, should receive education about contraceptives. The availability of contraceptives during weekends could help adolescents to prevent unplanned pregnancies. Health education should be given to the mothers in the Mkhondo area so that they can provide more effective education about contraceptives to their daughters.
Measurements on HSUPA with uplink diversity reception in indoor environment

The target of the paper is to study performance of high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) in indoor environment, applicability of uplink diversity reception for HSUPA, and to provide guidelines for HSUPA coverage planning indoor environment. The single-user measurements show that with the tested antenna configuration without diversity, maximum practical throughput varies between 1.4 and 1.6 Mbps, and it can be achieved when pilot coverage is above -95 dBm. HSUPA was also measured with spatial and polarization diversity reception, and they were noticed to provide about 4.5 dB improvement in uplink reception, providing 20-40 % improvement in HSUPA throughput with pilot coverage below -95 dBm. Diversity reception can provide provide modest gain in system performance, but with planning threshold RSCP > -95 dBm, almost the same performance can be achieved without diversity antennas.
Modeling of gas‐driven magmatic overturn: Tracking of phenocryst dispersal and gathering during magma mixing

We present a combined multiphase numerical and crystal‐tracking approach that provides a framework to investigate the transport and zoning of crystals associated with a gas‐driven mixing event. Mixing in compositionally intermediate to silicic magmatic systems is often initiated by gas exsolution in the recharging magma, causing a density inversion and subsequent overturn. The overturn is simulated for a range of bubble volume fractions ɛbubbles and therefore indirectly for a range of Reynolds numbers Re. All simulations show chaotic flow dynamics with fast overturn timescales of minutes to hours. The large‐scale mixing is inefficient during a single overturn, resulting in a continuously stratified system with respect to bubble volume fraction. The crystal‐tracking algorithm provides us with information on the small scales, i.e., 10 cm. On this length scale we observe gathering of different crystals during the overturn that typically ranges on the order of tens of meters. Thus, a complex crystal population may arise within a single overturn. This gathering and dispersal of crystals is strongest and most uniform for high Re. For low Re, crystal populations are characterized by less gathering of crystals that originated from distal portions of the magma body. During the overturn the crystals pass through environments of changing chemical potential. We apply the Damköhler number Da, which compares the crystallization or dissolution to the advection timescale. Results show an asymmetry between crystallization and dissolution. Crystallization times are too slow during gas‐driven overturn to record transient changes in chemical potential. Crystals most likely only record their initial as well as their final chemical environment. In contrast, dissolution and advection rates are of similar order, suggesting potential dissolution during the overturn. On the basis of the results for gas‐driven overturn we expect that slower physical mixing processes may be continuously recorded in the zonation pattern of the crystal phases as long as the changes in chemical potential produce crystal growth.
An Evolutionarily Conserved Family of Hsp70/Hsc70 Molecular Chaperone Regulators*

Heat Shock Protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) family molecular chaperones play critical roles in protein folding and trafficking in all eukaryotic cells. The mechanisms by which Hsp70 family chaperones are regulated, however, are only partly understood. BAG-1 binds the ATPase domains of Hsp70 and Hsc70, modulating their chaperone activity and functioning as a competitive antagonist of the co-chaperone Hip. We describe the identification of a family of BAG-1-related proteins from humans (BAG-2, BAG-3, BAG-4, BAG-5), the invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans (BAG-1, BAG-2), and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (BAG-1A, BAG-1B). These proteins all contain a conserved ∼45-amino acid region near their C termini (the BAG domain) that binds Hsc70/Hsp70, but they differ widely in their N-terminal domains. The human BAG-1, BAG-2, and BAG-3 proteins bind with high affinity (K D ≅ 1–10 nm) to the ATPase domain of Hsc70 and inhibit its chaperone activity in a Hip-repressible manner. The findings suggest opportunities for specification and diversification of Hsp70/Hsc70 chaperone functions through interactions with various BAG-family proteins.
Bathing premature infants: physiological and behavioral consequences.

BACKGROUND Routine procedures are a large component of the caretaking day for preterm infants. Such procedures can have profound adverse effects on an infant's condition, to the point of disrupting normal growth and development. Despite this evidence, routine procedures are perpetuated in the neonatal ICU. OBJECTIVE To determine the physiological and behavioral effects of a supposedly beneficial procedure, a sponge bath, on premature infants. METHODS The study sample consisted of 14 preterm neonates with no neurological abnormalities at two tertiary neonatal ICUs. The ages of the subjects were 28.1 to 31.8 weeks postconception and 4 to 25 days after birth. The study was a prospective, quasi-experimental, repeated-measures design in which each infant acted as his or her own control. Oxygen delivery, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and behavioral responses were continuously recorded by computer or real-time videotape. Physiological and behavioral parameters were compared across three phases: 10 minutes before a bath (baseline), during a standardized bath, and 10 minutes after the bath. RESULTS Physiological and behavioral disruptions occurred throughout the bath phase and in many cases beyond that phase. These disruptions included significant increases in heart rate, cardiac oxygen demand, and frequency of behavioral motoric cues. Significant decreases in oxygen saturation also accompanied the bath. Nine infants required increased concentrations of ambient oxygen. A significant association was found between physiological components and the frequency and timing of behavioral motoric cues. CONCLUSIONS The results provide further evidence that routine care is not innocuous to neonates. Routine sponge bathing is not recommended for care of ill premature infants.
Ctenostomatous Bryozoa from São Paulo, Brazil, with descriptions of twelve new species.

This paper describes 21 ctenostomatous bryozoans from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, based on specimens observed in vivo. A new family, Jebramellidae n. fam. , is erected for a newly described genus and species, Jebramella angusta n. gen. et sp. Eleven other species are described as new: Alcyonidium exiguum n. sp. , Alcyonidium pulvinatum n. sp. , Alcyonidium torquatum n. sp. , Alcyonidium vitreum n. sp. , Bowerbankia ernsti n. sp. , Bowerbankia evelinae n. sp. , Bowerbankia mobilis n. sp. , Nolella elizae n. sp. , Panolicella brasiliensis n. sp. , Sundanella rosea n. sp. , Victorella araceae n. sp. Taxonomic and ecological notes are also included for nine previously described species: Aeverrillia setigera (Hincks, 1887), Alcyonidium hauffi Marcus, 1939, Alcyonidium polypylum Marcus, 1941, Anguinella palmata van Beneden, 1845, Arachnoidella evelinae (Marcus, 1937), Bantariella firmata (Marcus, 1938) n. comb. , Nolella sawayai Marcus, 1938, Nolella stipata Gosse, 1855 and Zoobotryon verticillatum (delle Chiaje, 1822).
Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report

This Executive Summary of the Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 Report focuses primarily on the revised and novel parts of the document. The most significant changes include: (i) the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been refined to separate the spirometric assessment from symptom evaluation. ABCD groups are now proposed to be derived exclusively from patient symptoms and their history of exacerbations; (ii) for each of the groups A to D, escalation strategies for pharmacological treatments are proposed; (iii) the concept of de‐escalation of therapy is introduced in the treatment assessment scheme; (iv)non‐pharmacological therapies are comprehensively presented and (v) the importance of co‐morbid conditions in managing COPD is reviewed.
Changes in Masseteric Hemodynamics Time-related to Mental Stress

Mental stress may cause a dissociation of sympathetic outflow to different regions. However, it remains unclear how the sympathetic outflow to jaw muscles is related to other sympathetic outflow under mental stress. The objective of this study was to clarify the temporal relationship between the finger sweat expulsion elicited by mental stress and the hemodynamic and electromyographic changes in the masseter muscle. Healthy adult female volunteers participated in this study. Masseteric hemodynamic changes were closely time-related to mental stress, showing a decrease in oxygen saturation of muscle blood around the onset of mental stress. In contrast, EMG activity of jaw-closing muscles was not time-related to mental stress. These results suggest that mental stress induces hemodynamic changes that are not associated with EMG activity in the masseter muscle of healthy adult females.
Effect of the Kinematic Lower Boundary Condition on the Spectral and Autocorrelation Structure of Annular Variability in the Troposphere

The dynamical origin of the spectral and autocorrelation structure of annular variability in the troposphere is investigated by a deductive approach. Specifically, the structure of the power spectrum and autocorrelation function of the zonal-mean geopotential is analyzed for the case of a quasigeostrophic spherical atmosphere subject to a white noise mechanical forcing applied in a single Hough mode and concentrated at a particular level in the vertical, with vertically uniform Newtonian cooling and Rayleigh drag concentrated at a rigid lower boundary. Analytic expressions for the power spectrum are presented together with expressions for an approximate red noise (i.e., a Lorentzian-shaped) power spectrum. It is found that for an infinitely deep atmosphere the power spectrum can be well approximated by a red noise process for the first few Hough modes (associated with large Rossby heights), provided the distance from the forcing is not larger than about one Rossby height. When a frictional rigid lower boundary is included, however, the approximation is generally bad. The high-frequency part of the power spectrum exhibits near-exponential behavior and the autocorrelation function shows a transition from a rapid decay at short lags to a much slower decay at longer lags, if the thermal and mechanical damping time scales are sufficiently well separated. Since observed annular variability exhibits the same characteristics, the above results lead to the hypothesis that these characteristics may, to some extent, be intrinsic to the linear zonal-mean response problem—although the need for an additional contribution from eddy feedbacks is also implied by the results.
Robot Afﬁliation Perception for Social Interaction

The goal of our research is to design algorithms that allow robots to use group dynamics and nonverbal behavioral cues to estimate afﬁliative states of groups. It is important that robots build effective partnerships with people as robots become more integrated into human occupied spaces. To achieve this, robots must understand how humans use social and group dynamics to interact with one another. To address this challenge, we adapt principles of attraction from the literature to build computational models for robots. We will discuss our theoretical framework, afﬁli-ation system design, and three planned experiments which we will deploy on a mobile robot in real-time to enable it to interact with groups of people in social environments.
Focal adhesion protein expression in human diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

Focal adhesions have been associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types, but their prognostic value in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns and the prognostic value of the focal adhesion proteins FAK, Pyk2, p130Cas and HEF1 in DLBCL.
Long‐Term Leisure Time Physical Activity and Properties of Bone: A Twin Study

Effects of physical activity on bone properties, when controlled for genetic effects, are not fully understood. We aimed to study the association between long‐term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and bone properties using twin pairs known to be discordant for leisure time physical activity for at least 30 yr. Volumetric BMD and geometric properties were measured at the tibia shaft and distal end using pQCT in 16 middle‐aged (50–74 yr) same‐sex twin pairs (seven monozygotic [MZ] and nine dizygotic [DZ] pairs) selected from a population‐based cohort. Paired differences between active and inactive co‐twins were studied. Active members of MZ twin pairs had larger cortical bone cross‐sectional area (intrapair difference: 8%, p = 0.006), thicker cortex (12%, p = 0.003), and greater moment of inertia (Imax, 20%, p = 0.024) at the tibia shaft than their inactive co‐twins. At the distal tibia, trabecular BMD (12%, p = 0.050) and compressive strength index (18%, p = 0.038) were also higher in physically active MZ pair members than their inactive co‐twins. The trends were similar, but less consistently so, in DZ pairs as in MZ pairs. Our genetically controlled study design shows that LTPA during adulthood strengthens bones in a site‐specific manner, that is, the long bone shaft has a thicker cortex, and thus higher bending strength, whereas the distal bone has higher trabecular density and compressive strength. These results suggest that LTPA has a potential causal role in decreasing the long‐term risk of osteoporosis and thus preventing osteoporotic fractures.
Clinical study on eye metastasis in patients with breast cancer.

DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20120463 Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Ji GY, Xing L, Huang JB, Kong LQ, Wang ZW, Ren GS and Wu KN) Correspondence to: Dr. Kong Lingquan, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Email: huihuikp@163.com) This work was supported by the Scientific Research Roundation of Chongqing Municipal Health Bareau (No. 2012-2-003). Perspective
ERK/Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) Signaling Positively Regulates Death Receptor 5 Expression through Co-activation of CHOP and Elk1*

Death receptor 5 (DR5) is a death domain-containing transmembrane receptor that triggers apoptosis upon binding to its ligand or when overexpressed. Its expression is induced by certain small molecule drugs, including celecoxib, through mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. The current study has revealed a novel ERK/ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)-dependent mechanism that regulates DR5 expression primarily using celecoxib as a DR5 inducer. Both C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and Elk1 are required for celecoxib-induced DR5 expression based on promoter deletion and mutation analysis and siRNA-mediated gene silencing results. Co-expression of both CHOP and Elk1 exhibited enhanced effects on increasing DR5 promoter activity and DR5 expression, indicating that CHOP and Elk1 co-operatively regulate DR5 expression. Because Elk1 is an ERK-regulated protein, we accordingly found that celecoxib increased the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, RSK2, and Elk1. Inhibition of either ERK signaling with a MEK inhibitor or ERK1/2 siRNA, or RSK2 signaling with an RSK2 inhibitor or RSK2 siRNA abrogated DR5 up-regulation by celecoxib as well as other agents. Moreover, these inhibitions suppressed celecoxib-induced CHOP up-regulation. Thus, ERK/RSK-dependent, CHOP and Elk1-mediated mechanisms are critical for DR5 induction. Additionally, celecoxib increased CHOP promoter activity in an ATF4-dependent manner, and siRNA-mediated blockade of ATF4 abrogated both CHOP induction and DR5 up-regulation, indicating that ATF4 is involved in celecoxib-induced CHOP and DR5 expression. Collectively, we conclude that small molecules such as celecoxib induce DR5 expression through activating ERK/RSK signaling and subsequent Elk1 activation and ATF4-dependent CHOP induction.