Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Do People Speak Up on the Internet? The Effects of Opinion Congruency and Incivility on the Willingness to Participate in the News Comments Section

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of opinion congruency and incivility on people’s willingness to participate in writing at the news comments section. The role of efficacy and emotions in people’s decision to participate was also explored. In order to answer if, when, and why people participate the news comments section, a 2 (issue stance: against an issue vs. for an issue) x 2(opinion congruence: congruent with the minority opinion vs. congruent with the majority opinion) x 2(incivility: civil vs. uncivil) experiment was conducted online. Experimental participants were exposed to a short news article and a comments section about a gender-related social issue and an economic issue, and were asked to answer a series of questions measuring emotions, efficacies, and the willingness to participate. Contrary to previous research findings, opinion congruency did not have a significant effect on one’s internal efficacy and willingness to participate for both issues. It did, however, have a significant effect on emotions with those whose opinion was congruent with the majority opinion feeling higher levels of positive emotions and lower levels of negative emotions than those whose opinion was congruent with the minority opinion. Incivility had a significant effect on one’s willingness to participate with regards to the economic issue. People who were exposed to comments section with uncivil expressions were more willing to participate in writing than those who were exposed to comments section with uncivil expressions. The interaction effect between incivility and opinion congruency revealed, however, that this was only true for those whose opinion was congruent with the majority opinion. Generally, among those whose opinion was congruent with the minority opinion, the willingness to participate was higher in the uncivil condition than in the civil condition. Furthermore, results revealed that while emotion had a limited effect on people’s willingness to participate, internal and external efficacy had a significant positive effect, reinforcing previous research findings that efficacy is a strong predictor of behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of these results were discussed. Keyword : online news, user comments, opinion congruency, incivility, willingness to participate, cognitive appraisal theory of emotion Student Number : 2016-25268 Table of
Specific Mismatch Recognition in Heteroduplex Intermediates by p53 Suggests a Role in Fidelity Control of Homologous Recombination

ABSTRACT We demonstrate that wild-type p53 inhibits homologous recombination. To analyze DNA substrate specificities in this process, we designed recombination experiments such that coinfection of simian virus 40 mutant pairs generated heteroduplexes with distinctly unpaired regions. DNA exchanges producing single C-T and A-G mismatches were inhibited four- to sixfold more effectively than DNA exchanges producing G-T and A-C single-base mispairings or unpaired regions of three base pairs comprising G-T/A-C mismatches. p53 bound specifically to three-stranded DNA substrates, mimicking early recombination intermediates. The KD values for the interactions of p53 with three-stranded substrates displaying differently paired and unpaired regions reflected the mismatch base specificities observed in recombination assays in a qualitative and quantitative manner. On the basis of these results, we would like to advance the hypothesis that p53, like classical mismatch repair factors, checks the fidelity of homologous recombination processes by specific mismatch recognition.
Tracking control synthesis of nonlinear polynomial time delay systems

This paper investigates the problem of tracking control for nonlinear polynomial system with delayed state. The consider system is assumed to have a controllable linear part. The control objective is not simply to drive the state to zero but rather that output to track a non zero reference signal. The main contribution is to overcome the analytical complexity and to propose a controller tuned in the least square sense. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control approach.
Schizotypal traits in adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: validity, reliability and risk for psychosis

Background Very little is known about the phenotypic expression of schizotypal traits in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). The main purpose was to analyse the factorial structure, internal consistency and temporal stability of schizotypal traits, as well as their associations with prodromal states and clinical psychotic symptoms in adolescents with 22q11DS. Method The sample comprised 61 adolescents with 22q11DS (mean = 14.95 years, s.d. = 2.13; n = 24 at follow-up). An age-matched comparison group (n = 61, mean = 15.44 years, s.d. = 1.76) was also included. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were used. Results Adolescents with 22q11DS scored higher than the control group on the interpersonal dimension and suspiciousness subscale of the SPQ. The analysis of the internal structure of the SPQ in the sample of 22q11DS participants yielded a three-component solution (cognitive–perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized). In addition, internal consistency coefficients ranged between 0.63 and 0.91. The schizotypal traits were highly stable across a 3.6-year interval, and ranged from 0.50 to 0.63. Self-reported schizotypal traits correlated with interview-based ratings of prodromal states and psychotic symptoms. Conclusions These results indicate that the SPQ may be a valid tool to assess schizotypal traits in adolescents with 22q11DS. The identification of a reliable self-report instrument for use in individuals with learning disabilities and at genetic high risk for psychosis could be useful in clinical and research settings. Assessment of schizotypal traits may be used as a distal risk marker and in a close-in strategy in high-risk genetic samples to enhance the possibility of early detection of psychosis.
Life and death in the US Army.

To the Editor. — The article by Rothberg et al 1 is timely and provocative. As US troops in the Persian Gulf wind down the war, it is timely to pay attention to the lives of our often forgotten soldiers. The irony of the study's finding that soldiers, especially black men, are safer from violence in the army than in the civilian world is provocative. The authors recognize several limitations in their study. Before the army starts urging people to enlist to "be as healthy as you can be," additional research is needed to explain the differences in standardized mortality ratios (SMR) between civilian and military populations. The authors speculate that several factors unique to military life account for the reduced SMR of soldiers compared with the general population. However, the case for a military-specific healthy worker effect may not be that strong. The US Army white male SMR of 64
Public pedagogies of arts-based environmental learning and education for adults

This paper examines how current theorizing on public pedagogy can be used to understand scholarship on creative, arts-based pedagogies in informal environmental education for adults. In particular, the study applies Biestas (2012, 2014) typology of public pedagogies to three bodies of literature: arts-based adult learning and education in the environmental movement, eco-art, and Tactical Urbanism, respectively. Each of these is about public art, displayed or performed in public spaces, and connected to environmental learning and education. The scholarship reviewed came mostly from Canada and Australia. In the public, democratic spaces of these countries, we found that arts in the environmental movement and eco-art could be characterized by Biestas pedagogy of the public, and partially by a pedagogy in the interest of publicness. The performance of Tactical Urbanism corresponded most closely to pedagogy in the interest of publicness. The paper concludes with a discussion of directions for further theorizing and research on public pedagogy and arts-based environmental learning and education for adults. (DIPF/Orig.)
Socioeconomic status and differences in medication use among older people according to ATC categories and urban–rural residency

Aims: To study how selected indicators of socioeconomic status and urban–rural residency associate with medication use in form of number of daily medications, polypharmacy, and medication use according to Anatomic Therapeutic Classification (ATC) system. Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study among older community-dwelling Icelanders. Criteria for participation were: age ≥65 years, community-dwelling, and able to communicate verbally and to set up a time for a face-to-face interview. Information on medication use was obtained by interviews and by examining each person’s medication record. Medications were categorised according to ATC system. A questionnaire and the physical and mental health summary scales of SF-36 Health Survey were used to assess potential influential factors associated with medication use. Results: On average, participants (n=186) used 3.9 medications, and the prevalence of polypharmacy was 41%. No indicators of socioeconomic status had significant association to any aspects of medication use. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had more diagnosed diseases, were less likely to live alone, were less likely to report having adequate income, and had fewer years of education. Controlling for these differences, urban people were more likely to use medication from the B and C categories. Moreover, older urban men, with worse physical health, and greater number of diagnosed diseases used more medications from the B category. Conclusions: There are unexplained regional differences in medications use, from categories B and C, by older Icelanders. Further studies are needed on why urban residents used equal number of medications, or even more medications, compared to rural residents, despite better socioeconomic status and fewer diagnosed diseases.
La Desigualdad en Espana: Fuentes, Tendencias y Comparaciones Internacionales

El presente trabajo comienza con una revision de las principales fuentes estadisticas utilizadas en la literatura sobre la distribucion de la renta en nuestro pais y de las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada una. Seguidamente se analiza la evolucion de la desigualdad en Espana, comparandola con la existente en otros paises de nuestro entorno. Los resultados indican que el nivel de desigualdad de nuestro pais ha sido relativamente alto desde hace decadas y ha aumentado de forma muy preocupante con la reciente crisis, lo que el autor atribuye a un debilitamiento de nuestro sistema redistributivo y de proteccion social.
L‐Arginine recognition by yeast arginyl‐tRNA synthetase

The crystal structure of arginyl‐tRNA synthetase (ArgRS) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a class I aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase (aaRS), with L‐Arginine bound to the active site has been solved at 2.75 Å resolution and refined to a crystallographic R‐factor of 19.7%. ArgRS is composed predominantly of α‐helices and can be divided into five domains, including the class I‐specific active site. The N‐terminal domain shows striking similarity to some completely unrelated proteins and defines a module which should participate in specific tRNA recognition. The C‐terminal domain, which is the putative anticodon‐binding module, displays an all‐α‐helix fold highly similar to that of Escherichia coli methionyl‐tRNA synthetase. While ArgRS requires tRNAArg for the first step of the aminoacylation reaction, the results show that its presence is not a prerequisite for L‐Arginine binding. All H‐bond‐forming capability of L‐Arginine is used by the protein for the specific recognition. The guanidinium group forms two salt bridge interactions with two acidic residues, and one H‐bond with a tyrosine residue; these three residues are strictly conserved in all ArgRS sequences. This tyrosine is also conserved in other class I aaRS active sites but plays several functional roles. The ArgRS structure allows the definition of a new framework for sequence alignments and subclass definition in class I aaRSs.
Involvement of mi-Transcription Factor in Expression of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Receptor in Cultured Mast Cells of Mice1 2

The microphthalmia (mi) locus encodes a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) protein family of transcription factors (MITF). We have reported that expression of several genes was impaired in cultured mast cells (CMCs) of mi/mi mice due to a defective transactivation ability of mutant MITF (mi-MITF). We also found that mi/mi CMCs did not express a receptor (MC1R) for α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. The overexpression of the wild-type (+/+) MITF but not mi-MITF normalized the expression of the MC1R in mi/mi CMCs, indicating the involvement of +-MITF in the MC1R gene expression. Next, we analyzed the promoter region of the MC1R gene by the transient cotransfection assay. The luciferase construct under the control of the MC1R promoter and the cDNA-encoding +-MITF or mi-MITF were cotransfected into NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. The cotransfection of +-MITF but not mi-MITF increased the luciferase activity. There were five CANNTG motifs recognized by bHLH-Zip-type transcription factors in the cloned promoter region. We found +-MITF bound two of five CANNTG motifs, and both motifs were essential for the transactivation of the MC1R gene by +-MITF. These results indicated that +-MITF directly transactivated the MC1R gene through these two motifs.
Forecasting Distress in European SME Portfolios

We develop distress prediction models for non-financial small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) using a dataset from eight European countries over the period 2000-2009. We examine idiosyncratic and systematic covariates and find that macro conditions and bankruptcy codes add predictive power to our models. Moreover, industry effects usually demonstrate significance but provide only small improvements. The paper contributes to the literature in several ways. First, using a sample with many micro companies, it offers unique insights into European small businesses. Second, it explores distress in a multi-country setting, allowing for regional and country comparisons. Third, the models can capture changes in overall distress rates and co-movements during economic cycles. The researchers invite for feedback and comments.
INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING ON THEIR JOB PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE , NIGERIA

he study investigated the influence of teachers’ participation in Decision Making on their job performances in secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area. It also examined teachers’ participation in decision making in both public and private schools. The study identified job performance of both male and female teachers in secondary schools. four hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data for the study were collected using instruments (A, B, and C). Section A provided background information on the independent variables, Section B provided information on teachers level of participation in decision making while section C provided questions related to teachers job performance standard of assessment was adopted from the Ministry of Education Annual Teachers Performance Evaluation Report {ATPER} on Staff of the Unified Teaching Service to access job performance of teachers, this particular section was assessed by their principals. The research adopted the expost-facto design which relied on a systematic enquiry on existing data was employed for the study. Scores in figures was outlined as 4 – outstanding, 3 – good, 2 – average, and 1 – below average were used by the respondent to access participation and performance while test of proportion was used to test the hypotheses. Data were analyzed based on appropriateness of statistical tool. The statistical tools used in this research are the Fisher’s Z test for the hypothesis 1 T
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of de novo dup(5)(q35.2q35.3) and review of the literature of pure partial trisomy 5q

An 11‐year‐old girl presented with the phenotype of microcephaly, moderate mental retardation, motor retardation, short stature, strabismus, brachydactyly, and facial dysmorphism. She had undergone surgery for inguinal hernias. Detailed examinations of the heart and other internal organs revealed normal findings. Her karyotype was 46,XX,dup(5)(q35.2q35.3) de novo. Molecular cytogenetic analysis showed a paternally derived 5q35.2 → q35.3 direct duplication and led to a correlation between the particular genotype and phenotype. This is the first description of a direct duplication of 5q35.2 → q35.3. Our case represents the smallest distal duplication of chromosome 5q that is not associated with congenital heart defects. Our case also represents the smallest distal duplication of chromosome 5q that is associated with short stature and microcephaly. Mutations or deletions of the NSD1 gene, mapped to 5q35.2 → q35.3, has been known to cause Sotos syndrome with cerebral gigantism, macrocephaly, advanced bone age and overgrowth. Our case provides evidence that the gene dosage effect of the NSD1 gene causes a reversed phenotype of microcephaly and short stature. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Les proprietes fonctionnelles evaluees a chaud : des fromages aux imitations fromageres

Les proprietes fonctionnelles majeures des fromages utilises dans les plats cuisines sont l'aptitude a l'etalement a chaud et l'aptitude au filant. La demande croissante de produits fonctionnels a entraine le developpement des imitations fromageres. L'optimisation de la fabrication de ces produits et la maitrise de leurs proprietes fonctionnelles induit un besoin de connaissances scientifiques. Un travail methodologique a ete conduit pour optimiser deux tests empiriques et un test de cisaillement dynamique avec balayage en temperature afin d'evaluer et caracteriser ces proprietes fonctionnelles. Les tests ont ete appliques a un ensemble de fromages d'origine commerciale representatifs des grandes familles technologiques pour constituer une base de donnees sur la diversite des proprietes fonctionnelles et mettre en evidence les liens avec les technologies. Le test de cisaillement dynamique avec balayage temperature fournit une signature rheologique pour chaque variete. Une approche multifactorielle de la construction des qualites fonctionnelles des imitations fromageres a ete developpee a l'aide d'un plan d'experience fractionne avec 10 facteurs a 2 niveaux. L'intensite de cisaillement, la nature et la quantite de matiere grasse, et la quantite d'eau influencent de maniere preponderante l'etalement a chaud. L'etalement a chaud apparait bien represente par la valeur maximum de la variable tan delta mesuree en cisaillement dynamique. L'aptitude au filant apparait comme une propriete multidimensionnelle plus complexe, influencee par de nombreuses interactions, ce qui expliquerait les faibles correlations observees avec les variables instrumentales. Enfin, l'etude confirme un savoir professionnel sur l'incompatibilite des 2 proprietes
Serum pepsinogen test for early detection of gastric cancer in a European Country

Aim To estimate the adherence of Western individuals to serum pepsinogen (PG) test and its accuracy in the detection of gastric cancer followed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods Individuals from the northern region of Portugal, aged between 40 and 79 years, were invited to participate in a blood collection for the determination of serum PG values by ELISA method (Biohit kits). Participants were classified into two groups: positive (PG I ⩽70 ng/ml and PG I/ PGII ⩽3) and negative (all others). All participants with a positive test and a consecutive random sample of participants with a negative test were subjected to endoscopy with biopsy. All the participants (positive or negative) subjected to endoscopy were followed up over 5 years. Results From a total of 13 118 participants, 5326 were men (41%) with a median age of 60 years, and 446 (3.4%) had a positive test. Of these, 274 (61%) were subjected to endoscopy. We observed six gastric cancers, five intestinal and one diffuse type, and three early gastric cancers, representing one cancer per approximately 2200 PG tests or one cancer per 74 positive tests. From these 240 participants with a negative test, three patients with gastric cancer were diagnosed during follow-up (an estimated negative predictive value of 99%). In this study, the PG test showed an estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 67, 47, 2, and 99%, respectively. Conclusion Inhabitants of this high-risk region showed good adherence rate to a gastric cancer detection program based on a PG test followed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy implemented for the first time. Accuracy estimates were similar to those in Japanese reports, indicating that this methodology could also be used effectively in Western countries with high rates of gastric cancer. Further formal cost-effective studies are however needed.
Estimating false discovery rates for peptide and protein identification using randomized databases

MS‐based proteomics characterizes protein contents of biological samples. The most common approach is to first match observed MS/MS peptide spectra against theoretical spectra from a protein sequence database and then to score these matches. The false discovery rate (FDR) can be estimated as a function of the score by searching together the protein sequence database and its randomized version and comparing the score distributions of the randomized versus nonrandomized matches. This work introduces a straightforward isotonic regression‐based method to estimate the cumulative FDRs and local FDRs (LFDRs) of peptide identification. Our isotonic method not only performed as well as other methods used for comparison, but also has the advantages of being: (i) monotonic in the score, (ii) computationally simple, and (iii) not dependent on assumptions about score distributions. We demonstrate the flexibility of our approach by using it to estimate FDRs and LFDRs for protein identification using summaries of the peptide spectra scores. We reconfirmed that several of these methods were superior to a two‐peptide rule. Finally, by estimating both the FDRs and LFDRs, we showed for both peptide and protein identification, moderate FDR values (5%) corresponded to large LFDR values (53 and 60%).
Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Prevention in India: Modeling Costs and Consequences of Policy Options

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the costs, cost-effectiveness, and HIV epidemic impact of 3 antiretroviral therapy (ART) policy options. Study Design: We constructed an epidemiologic model to predict the course of the HIV epidemic in the absence of expanded ART availability. Based on background studies of the willingness to pay for ART among patients with AIDS, of the costs to the government of the alternative treatment interventions, and of ART's likely effects on HIV transmission, we simulated the consequences of 3 possible alternative government ART policies. Results: A program to reduce the negative consequences of the currently unstructured private-sector provision of ART is the most cost-effective of the 3 options at a 10% discount rate and least cost-effective at a 3% rate. The costs and cost-effectiveness of all options are highly sensitive to the effect of ART on condom use. Conclusion: The design of ART policy should capitalize on the potential of ART to decrease HIV transmission through institutional arrangements that reward effective prevention programs, thereby raising the likelihood that treatment has beneficial rather than negative external effects.