Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Register Instruction on EFL Learners’ Writing Performance

The purpose of the present study was twofold. First, it examined the effect of a register-based approach to writing instruction based on the insights gained from Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Second, it attempted to examine the perceptions of the participants toward the register-based approach to writing. To this end, 100 intermediate and advanced students were selected and assigned to two experimental groups (advanced and intermediate ones) and two control groups. Prior to any instruction, the participants of all groups were assigned a writing task as a pre-test. The experimental groups were treated with SFL-oriented register knowledge for 20 sessions while control groups were exposed to the traditional method of teaching writing. Following the treatment, a post test was administered to the groups. The results revealed that the participants in the experimental groups surpassed their counterparts in the control groups. The results of qualitative analysis also disclosed that learners held positive attitudes towards this approach as it heightened their interest in writing.
Plasma enzymatic, biochemical and hormonal responses to clove oil, 2-phenoxy ethanol, and MS-222 exposed to Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius, kessleri)

The effects of three anesthetics, clove oil (CO) ( 30 mgl), 2-phenoxy ethanol (2-PE) (0.3 mlL), and MS-222 (100 mgl) were examined on blood enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, glucose, and cortisol levels in the Caspian brown trout. Blood parameters were evaluated in the control (no anesthetics), and three other treatments 10 min and 24 h after the end of anesthesia. Significant increases were seen in blood albumin, ALT, AST, glucose, and cortisol levels in the treatment 24 h following anesthesia by MS-222 compared to the control (p <0.05). Significant increase in blood glucose was also observed in the treatment 10 min after anesthesia with CO. Correspondence Department of Fisheries, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran. (e-mail: bahr.kazemi@gmail.com) Post-anesthesia cortisol levels significantly increased in 2-PE treatment after 10 min, in CO treatment after 10 min and 24 h, and in MS-222 treatment following 24 h compared to control. CK activity was significantly decreased only in 2-PE treatment in comparison to control. Except for the treatments of 24 h after anesthesia with MS-222 and 10 min after anesthesia by 2-PE, ALT enzyme activity did not show significant differences in all treatments compared to control (p >0.05). As results, MS-222 is less stressful than both 2-PE and CO in short term. The long term stressing effect of 2-PE was detected to be lesser than both MS-222 and CO. So, based on the enzymatic and hormonal responses, MS-222 can be effectively used to reduce severe instantaneous stress such as surgery and spawning.
Fibre laser welding of dual phase steels

The fibre laser welding of two different dual phase steels HCT980X and HCT600X was evaluated. The sheets with thickness of 1.2 mm were welded using the solid-state fibre laser IPG type YLR 4500 with maximum output 4.5 kW and wave length 1060 nm at graduated beam powers and welding speeds. The microstructure of welded samples was analysed, microhardness and tensile strength were measured. The heat input influenced the microstructure of the fusion zone and heat affected zone. The microhardness increased in the fusion zone and even more in the heat affected zone of HCT980X steel, which was the consequence of martensite and bainite formation in these areas. The tensile strength of joints achieved the strength of the HCT600X steel and all joints fractured in the HCT600X base metal.
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: An Updated Review

Post operative Cognitive Dysfunction is a condition that follows immediately after a major surgery or any other serious health ailment. It shows significant clinical and social impact on the patient that may often result in either death or impairment, disabling the individual to enter into the job market. While 30% to 40% of postoperative patients, particularly elders are affected immediately after getting discharged from the hospital, 5% to 12% of patients are affected after three months. The origin and the reasons for POCD are not clearly known and there are no universally acceptable evidence based management strategies to cope with this emergency. There is no consensus among experts across the globe on how to treat these kinds of disorders and the definition for the Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction is missing in the existing literature, leading to further confusion. This article attains importance as tries to analyze the most recent theories of pathogenesis and the risks that may follow Post operative Cognitive Dysfunction by reviewing articles published on this subjects for the past 60 years, starting from 1955 to 2014 in PubMed and Google Scholar and suggests relevant measures on how to cope with it.
A Preliminary Investigation of School Principals’ Use of ICT: Evaluating Demographical Factors

The study investigates the thirty-five secondary school principals’ use of information and communication technology and the effect of various demographical variables such as gender, age, educational qualifications, location of school (urban or rural) and no of years of leadership experience and computer expertise. The data collected through survey indicates that majority of the school principals posses average computer expertise, however the use of ICT across curriculum is still at infancy stage. In addition, demographical variables gender, age and computer expertise significantly contributing towards the principals’ use of the information and communication technologies. However, age is negatively associated with the use of information technology. Based on the results some recommendations are made to the relevant authorities of ICT Department, Ministry of Education
Climate Smart Soil and Water Conservation Practices: A Way Forward for Increasing Crop Production Among Smallholder Farmers in South Western Uganda

The purpose of this study was to establish the appropriate climate smart soil and water conservation practices that enhance crop production for smallholder farmers in South Western Uganda, focusing on Mbarara, Isingiro and Ntungamo districts. This preliminary study focused on the following research questions: 1. What are the commonly used climate smart soil and water conservations practices in the region? 2. What are the smart soil and water conservation practices preferred by smallholder farmers in the region? 3. What are the challenges faced by smallholder farmers in application of climate smart soil and water conservation practices in the region? Both open-ended and closed ended questionnaires were used to answer the set research questions. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results show that smallholder farmers commonly use and prefer mulching (71%), application of organic manure (51.7%), digging trenches (21%); while the least commonly used practices included application of coffee husks (9.4%) and agroforestry (8.4%). The major challenges smallholder farmers were facing were limited capital to apply appropriate climate smart soil and water conservation practices. Capacity building and establishment of farmer-field groups to promote learning among peers were recommended. Further studies on nutrients and water holding capacities in Climate smart agriculture practices need to be conducted in south western Uganda.
INFESTATION RATE OF BRANCHIOBDELLIDS IN AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS PALLIPES ITALICUS FROM A STREAM OF CENTRAL ITALY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Species identity, infestation rate and distribution over the host body of branchiobdellids (Annelida, Clitellata) have been analysed in an Austropotamobius pallipes italicus population from the National Park of the Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona and Campigna (central Italy). Branchiobdella italica - the nearly unique species present in our samples - did not differ in its occurrence among the size classes of its host, while female crayfish showed a significantly higher infestation rate than the other sex. Branchiobdellids were mostly found on gill chambers and cephalothorax base, and only in the case of larger crayfish and males did they occupy other body areas.
Exchange Rate Determination in Maldives: A Study Based on the Sticky Price Monetary Model

The exchange rate of Maldivian Rufiyaa to US dollar is permitted to fluctuate within a band between MVR10.28 and MVR 15.42 since 2011 after having a fixed exchange rate of 12.85 for a decade. During the year 2007, IMF reported that the exchange rate of the country was misaligned although in the 2008 report, the assessment was considered erroneous. Determination of exchange rate and understanding the exchange rate behavior are therefore essential to a systematic international financial market and to facilitate financial and economic corporations. Yet, no empirical literatures exist regarding the impact of macroeconomic fundamentals on exchange rate in the context of Maldives. Therefore, this study investigates the philosophy of the Dornbusch’s Sticky price model of exchange rate determination for Maldivian economy by using quarterly data obtained for a period of 14 years from 2000 to 2013. The result revealed that the sticky price monetary model is not validated for the case of Maldives.
Tax evasion: Empirical evidence from sub-Saharan Africa

Tax is the income which is paid to the government in order to fulfill the need of the public. However tax evasion is the act of not paying the tax by use of illegal ways. Allingham and Sandmo being the first researchers studying the tax evasion found a relationship of tax evasion with low penalty fees and a low detection. The tax evasion basically is affected by various factors but it also affects many economic factors. Sub Saharan Africa being a developing region is facing the phenomenon of tax evasion in a crucial way. This study measures the impact of the tax evasion on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of Sub Saharan Africa. The relationship between the GDP per capita and tax evasion is tested using the generalized least squared whereby it is found that there is a positive impact of tax evasion on the GDP per capita however the p-value states that the tax evasion is insignificant and is not an important component for the determination of the GDP per capita. Moreover in the presence of tax evasion, this study shows that GDP per capita has also a negative relationship with the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), positive relationship the Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation (GDFCF), a favorable connection with the export, a negative relationship with the import, a positive impact on the inflation and a negative relationship with the government expenditure. To fight against tax evasion for the economic benefit of Sub Saharan Africa, it is advised to review the tax system, to implement strict and severe penalties and very high fines for tax evaders. Moreover, the tax authorities of Sub Saharan Africa need to appoint more experts in auditing department to be able to detect the non-compliance tax payers easily and rapidly Key words: Tax evasion, cross sectional regression, tax morale.
Thermal and non-thermal traces of AGN feedback: results from cosmological AMR simulations

We investigate the observable effects of feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) on non-thermal components of the intracluster medium (ICM). We have modelled feedback from AGN in cosmological simulations with the adaptive mesh refin ement code ENZO, investigating three types of feedback that are sometimes called quasar, je t and radio mode. Using a small set of galaxy clusters simulated at high resolution, we model the injection and evolution of Cosmic Rays, as well as their effects on the thermal plasma. By comparing, both, the profiles of thermal gas to observed profiles from the ACCEPT sample, and the secondary γ-ray emission to the available upper limits from FERMI, we discuss how the combined analysis of these two observables can constrain the energetics and mechanisms of feedback models in clusters. Those modes of AGN feedback that provide a good match to X-ray observations, yield a γ-ray luminosity resulting from secondary cosmic rays that is about 10 times below the available upper limits from FERMI. Moreover, we investigate the injection of turbulent motio ns into the ICM from AGN, and the detectability of these motions via the analysis of line broadening of the Fe XXIII line. In the near future, deeper observations/u pper-limits of non-thermal emissions from galaxy clusters will yield stringent constraint s on the energetics and modes of AGN feedback, even at early cosmic epochs.
VIRULENCE DIVERSITY OF RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI CAUSING SHEATH BLIGHT DISEASE IN RICE AND ITS HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION

The present investigation is carried out for the identification of resistant genotypes of rice against sheath blight disease and virulence diversity among the isolates of pathogen. This disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (Teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris) is one of the most ubiquitous and destructive soil borne disease. The 12 R. solani isolates were collected and characterized based on morphological and sclerotial characters and virulence diversity on 10 different rice varieties. The disease progress and severities were analysed using AUDPC value on the basis of lesion length recorded on 4, 8, 12 and 16 DAI. Evaluation on the basis of AUDPC value, out of 10 varieties of rice, Sarju-52 depicted highly resistant (19.91) while Jaya (21.87), UPR-2005-38 (23.97) and IET-15182 (23.16) showed moderately resistant disease reaction with most of the isolates tested; where as the variety Pusa Basmati-1 (46.57) depicted highly susceptible disease reaction. Among these some isolates were highly and moderately virulent whereas most of the isolates were less virulent. The identified resistant (Sarju-52) and susceptible (Pusa Basumati-1) is the potential source for the breeding programmes for further development of resistant varieties in rice.
Recent Advances in Heat Transfer Enhancements: A Review Report

Different heat transfer enhancers are reviewed. They are (a) fins and microfins, (b) porous media, (c) large particles suspensions, (d) nanofluids, (e) phase-change devices, (f) flexible seals, (g) flexible complex seals, (h) vortex generators, (i) protrusions, and (j) ultra high thermal conductivity composite materials. Most of heat transfer augmentation methods presented in the literature that assists fins and microfins in enhancing heat transfer are reviewed. Among these are using joint-fins, fin roots, fin networks, biconvections, permeable fins, porous fins, capsulated liquid metal fins, and helical microfins. It is found that not much agreement exists between works of the different authors regarding single phase heat transfer augmented with microfins. However, too many works having sufficient agreements have been done in the case of two phase heat transfer augmented with microfins. With respect to nanofluids, there are still many conflicts among the published works about both heat transfer enhancement levels and the corresponding mechanisms of augmentations. The reasons beyond these conflicts are reviewed. In addition, this paper describes flow and heat transfer in porous media as a well-modeled passive enhancement method. It is found that there are very few works which dealt with heat transfer enhancements using systems supported with flexible/flexible-complex seals. Eventually, many recent works related to passive augmentations of heat transfer using vortex generators, protrusions, and ultra high thermal conductivity composite material are reviewed. Finally, theoretical enhancement factors along with many heat transfer correlations are presented in this paper for each enhancer.
Student Approaches to Learning in Physics - Validity and Exploration Using Adapted SPQ

The aim of this study was to investigate an adaptation of the Study Processes Questionnaire for the discipline of physics. A total of 2030 first year physics students at an Australian metropolitan university completed the questionnaire over three different year cohorts. The resultant data has been used to explore whether the adaptation of the questionnaire is justifiable and if meaningful interpretations can be drawn for teaching and learning in the discipline. In extracting scales for deep and surface approaches to learning, we have excised several items, retaining an adequate subset. Reflecting trends in literature, our deep scale is very reliable while the surface scale is not so reliable. Our results show that the behaviour of the mean scale scores for students in different streams in first year physics is in agreement with expectations. Furthermore, different year cohort performance on the scales reflects changes in senior high school syllabus. Our experiences in adaptation, validation and checking for reliability is of potential use for others engaged in contextualising the Study Processes Questionnaire, and adds value to the use of the questionnaire for improving student learning in specific discipline areas
Epidemiological Profile of Snake Bite at Tertiary Care Hospital, North

This hospital based prospective study was conducted from September 2009 to September 2011.All the patients irrespective of age and sex, who reported with history of snake bite were included in the study. A total 169 snake bite patients, consisting of 116 (68.7%) male and 53 (31.3%) female [mean (SD) age 32±12 years] were admitted to the hospital during the study period, the ratio being 2.2:1. The majority of victims belonged to rural areas (67.5%) and most vulnerable occupation group was the people involved in agricultural activities (48.5%). The study population was predominately bitten outdoors (62.7%). Most of the time people could not identify the snake (52.1%) and among identified poisonous snakes Elapidae and Viperidae type were 15.4% and 13.0% respectively. The maximum cases of snakebite were recorded in the 3rd quarter of the year (67.4%) and peak incidence of snake bite was recorded in the time between 6:00 PM to 12:00 midnight (30.2%). In 69.2% of cases, the site of snake bite was lower limbs. The commonest manifestation was fright (85.2%) followed by pain at local site (57.9%). Majority of the victims were treated with ASV (81.1%) and most of them survived (92%).
The Segerstrom Model: Stability, Speed of Convergence and Policy Implications

This short paper presents a simple analytical stability proof for the well-known Segerstrom (1998) model of endogenous growth. Moreover, a calibrated version of the model is employed to assess the speed of convergence. The result shows that transitional dynamics are important and, hence, the policy ineffectiveness proposition of non-scale endogenous growth models must be qualified.
The Efficacy of Synthetic and Non-Synthetic Hormones in the Induced Spawning of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822)

The efficacy and economical utilization of the pituitary extract of C larias gariepinus (CPE), Generic Ovaprim (GO) and Normal Saline Diluted Ovaprim (NSD) as designated hormones were evaluated. The extraction and dosage was discussed alongside the preliminary rearing of larvae in the hatchery gutters. Two female spawners were injected 0.4 ml/kg Ovaprim at 0% and 25% saline dilution in a single dose while one was injected 1.0 ml/kg C . gariepinus pituitary extract in a single dose. Relative fecundity ranged from 126.87-131.25. C. gariepinus injected with Ovaprim (GO and NSD) had the highest percentage fertilization (88.37 and 87.93%). Percentage hatchability was high and ranged from 62.50-75.00 % and showed similar patterns to percentage survival (55.20-68.66%). The latency period was 7- 9hrs and the incubation period was 20 – 21hrs for all treatments. Water quality parameters were observed to be within recommended standards. The results showed that all designated hormones were effective and efficient and therefore conclude that the economical use of both available resources in the induced spawning of C. gariepinus is an added value to the function of profitability.
Carbon Stock Estimation in Standing Tree of Chir Pine and Banj Oak Pure Forest in Two Van Panchayats Forest of Garhwal Himalaya

A study was conducted to measure carbon stock in two Van Panchayat forest of Garhwal Himalaya. For comparative study, we selected the degraded and non-degraded site in Pine and Oak Forest and estimated total carbon stock (above and below ground). Van Panchayat are managing the forest in Uttarakhand from British Period. The aim of the research was to estimate the tree density, tree diversity,biomass and carbon stocks in degraded and non-degraded sites in both forests for forest management through Van Panchayat. From this research, we found that non-degraded site contains maximum (Density, total biomass and carbon stock) as compared to degraded sites. This paper recommends the importance of forest management committee in Uttarakhand and the world. Community based small scale carbon sequestration can contribute to the solution of global climate change through carbon trading.
Effects of compost on water availability and gas exchange in tomato during drought and recovery

Compost can increase soil water availability and nutrient uptake by plants, but it is not clear whether it can also improve the ability of plants to recover after drought stress. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) were grown in sandy soil without compost or with compost either incorporated or mulched. There were two water treatments: (i) plants grown under sufficient water supply throughout the experiment and (ii) plants grown with sufficient water supply until day 33 after which water was withheld until stomatal conductance was close to zero. Compost addition increased water content at both field capacity and permanent wilting point, but only incorporated compost increased total available water. Compost addition increased shoot and root growth under well-watered and drought stressed conditions with a greater effect by incorporated compost. At sufficient water supply, the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration were similar in all treatments. Drought stressed plants with incorporated compost wilted earlier than control plants, whereas mulched compost increased water availability to plants and hence the number of days until wilting. Photosynthesis and transpiration recovered faster in plants grown with incorporated compost compared to other treatments. The rapid recovery of plants after drought with incorporated compost could be due to their greater root length.