Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Recent National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding in General Surgery: Analysis Using the NIH RePORTER System

Introduction: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the world’s largest funding source for research, and the R01 grant is seen as a stepping stone to future granting opportunities for the physician-scientist. Recently, both a gender and degree disparity in scholarly activity has been highlighted in the medical literature. Objective: To assess NIH R01 funding trends in general surgery over the last decade. Methods: A retrospective review of general surgery funding was extracted from the NIH’s Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results database from 2008 through 2017. All principal investigators (PIs) were categorized by gender and academic degree(s). Linear regression analysis assessed NIH grant funding trends over time and comparisons of groups were completed with the t-test. Results: From 2008 to 2017, the NIH awarded 600 R01 grants and $272,669,397 to PIs in general surgery. The majority of R01 grants were awarded to males (76.33%; p < 0.01) and those holding a Doctorate of Medicine (MD) degree (58.33%; p < 0.01). No Doctorate of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) had received an NIH R01 grant during the time studied. No statistically significant trend could be established for the number of R01 grants awarded over time (p = 0.33), grants awarded to males or females over time (p = 0.73 and p = 0.18), or for those holding an MD or other type of degree over time (p = 0.30 and p = 0.39). Also, no statistically significant trend was established for increased grant funding over time (P = 0.88) but females and those holding an other type of degree (Doctorate in Philosophy (PhD), Doctorate in Science (DSc), Master of Public Health (MPH), etc.) experienced an increase in the total dollar amount of funding over the time studied (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). Conclusion: For the years studied, a gender and degree disparity exists for those receiving an NIH R01 grant in general surgery. However, an increase in total grant funding has been seen for both females and non-physician scientists over from 2008 through 2017.
Long-term effects of allergen sublingual immunotherapy

Introduction Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a crucial therapy for allergic rhinitis. However, the long-term effectiveness of AIT remains to be explored. Aim To evaluate clinical and immunological long-term effects of sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) for common inhalant allergens in elderly patients with allergic rhinitis. Material and methods This trial was a prospective follow-up observation of patients with allergic rhinitis who completed SLIT for grass pollen or house dust mites (HDM). After 3 years of SLIT, 115 patients were compared to a placebo group during an additional 5 years of observation. The combined symptom medication score (SMS), quality of life and concentration of IgG4 for Phleum pratense or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were monitored during the study. Results Five years after SLIT was discontinued, a significant clinical effect based on SMS was still observed compared with the baseline, just after SLIT and 5 years later as follows: 7.53 ±2.09 vs. 2.45 ±0.72 vs. 3.09 ±1.07 (p < 0.05) for HDM and 8.19 ±2.41 vs. 3.05 ±1.62 vs. 4.47 ±2.31 (p < 0.05) for grass pollen. Quality of life based on the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire was significantly improved in patients who received SLIT and remained at a good level after 5 years of observation. During the 5 years of observation after SLIT, there were no significant changes between specific IgG4 levels and the analysed allergens compared to results just after SLIT. Conclusions The positive effect obtained after SLIT for grass pollen or house dust mites was sustained for a long period after AIT.
Assessing the Digital Divide Status of the Jordanian Telecentre

This study investigates the status of digital divide amongst Jordanian Telecentres. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease-of-use and the facilitating conditions on the behavioral intention of employees. In addition, the study investigates the effect of the three mentioned factors on the user acceptance while the behavioral intention on the user acceptance is used as a mediating factor. The proposed research model was validated by distributing 150 survey questionnaires to the Telecentres in Jordan. Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the results. One of the main limitations of this study is that the results cannot be universal since the study was limited to Jordan. Similar study needs to be conducted in different courtiers to either support or negate our results.
Association between depression and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: an integrative review

espanolLa etiologia de la hipertension, especialmente en el embarazo, es variada y compleja, involucrando factores geneticos y psicologicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociacion entre la depresion y los trastornos hipertensivos en el embarazo. Su contribucion original es el enfoque ampliado sobre estos tipos de trastornos hipertensivos. Realizamos una revision bibliografica integradora y identificamos estudios relevantes de cuatro bases de datos, que incluyen MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO y EMBASE. Se incluyeron estudios cualitativos y originales en ingles, espanol y portugues (brasileno) publicados entre los anos 2005-2016. Los estudios fueron seleccionados por titulos, resumenes y textos completos, y su calidad fue evaluada por tres investigadores de forma independiente. Los datos mostraron que la depresion estaba asociada a trastornos hipertensivos en el embarazo. Las mujeres con sintomas depresivos graves tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia. El uso de antidepresivos tambien mostro una gran asociacion con los trastornos hipertensivos en el embarazo. Conclusion: la evidencia actual indica asociacion entre la depresion y los trastornos hipertensivos en el embarazo. El cuidado fisico y el cuidado de la salud mental de las mujeres es esencial para una gestacion fisiologica y segura. EnglishThe etiology of hypertension, especially in pregnancy, is various and complex, involving both genetic and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between depression and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Its original contribution is to broadly address these types of hypertensive disorders. We conducted an integrative literature review and identified relevant studies from four databases, including MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and EMBASE. Qualitative and original studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese (Brazilian) published between the years of 2005-2016 were included. Studies were selected by titles, abstracts and full texts, and its quality was evaluated by three researchers independently. Data showed that depression was associated to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Women with severe depressive symptoms have higher risk to develop preeclampsia. The use of antidepressants also showed a large association to the hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Conclusion: Current evidence indicates association between depression and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Physical care and mental health care of women is essential for a physiological and safe pregnancy
Early developments of an intervertebral disc model using bovine coccygeal discs

Degeneration of the lumbar disc, which frequently leads to low back pain, is an age related disease that often diminishes a patient's quality of life. Despite the continued efforts of research in this area, biological understanding of the disease remains unclear. The treatment strategies are few, with the gold standard being fusion of the motion segment, which permanently prevents any motion at the treated level of the spine. Although there are several new treatments available that attempt to recover some mechanical function of the motion segment, such as arthroplasty, they all remain unsatisfactory in doing so. The biggest challenge that researchers face in this area is the lack of tools to increase the understanding of disc degeneration etiology in order to develop better treatment strategies. The long-term goal of the research conducted in this thesis is to develop an in-vitro intervertebral disc organ culture model using bovine coccygeal discs as an experimental platform to advance disc degeneration understanding and treatment.This thesis begins with the development of a culture environment for the in-vitro culture model and ends with early work on the biological validation of a cultured bovine coccygeal tissue model. A comprehensive introductory chapter, with information reviewing current research in the area, is included to help readers to familiarize themselves with the topic. This is followed by a description, in technical terms, of the in-vitro organ culture system that was developed and its validation and application towards the development of the organ culture. To follow is the largest contribution, presentation of a new harvest method to isolate intervertebral disc tissue for culturing. The results of the investigation provide insight on the nutritional and mechanical aspects of the disc preserved in an in-vitro organ culture. Experimental studies are developed and analysis methods are considered, determining the best method to validate an in-vitro organ culture model. Preliminary investigations to establish culturing up to two weeks is presented, as well as the beginnings of an induced injury model.The early works in the development of a bovine in-vitro organ culture model that is presented in this thesis research will hopefully mark the beginning of a useful tool to further understand intervertebral disc degeneration and more importantly become a platform to develop and test new treatment strategies. The text aims to provide a reference source for researchers, orthopaedic surgeons, and orthopaedic manufacturers, stimulating further advances in disc degeneration understanding and treatment. %%%%Debuts d'un modele de culture d'organe applique au disque intervertebral avec tissu coccygien bovin. }La degeneration des disques lombaires, qui conduit frequemment a la lombalgie, est une affection liee au vieillissement qui diminue souvent la qualite de vie du patient. Malgre une recherche continue dans ce domaine, la comprehension biologique de cette maladie demeure limitee. Il existe peu de strategies de…
The Analysis of Food Consumption and Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women Towards Preeclampsia in Dr. M. Ashari Hospital Pemalang 2018

Preeklampsia merupakan penyebab kematian ibu yang tinggi di Indonesia. Preeclampsia is one of the causes of the high maternal mortality in Indonesia. More than 25% of maternal deaths in Indonesia are caused by preeclampsia. Preeclampsia can occur in women who lack and excess weight. One of Nurtitional Diagnosis is refers to the measurement of nutritional status of food consumption.This study aimed to analyze the food consumption and nutritional status of pregnant mothers towards preeclampsia in Dr. M. Ashari Hospital Pemalang 2018.This study is a quantitative research. Design of analytic observational study with retrospective case control approach. Research conducted from May to July 2018. The population of the entire postpartum mothers who give birth at Dr. M. Ashari Hospital in 2017 and a sample number of 128 obtained by the formula Lameshow . The instrument used was a 24-hour recall diet survey by AKG and questionnaires. Data analysis using Chi Square test.The results showed significant relationship between food consumption and nutritional status on the incidence of preeclampsia in Hospital Dr. M. Ashari Pemalang. Nutritional status has a greater impact with OR 1.523 against preeclampsia compared with the consumption of food. Pregnant women are expected to regulate weight gain and the amount of food consumption during pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia.
Multiple regressive model adaptive control

It is common practice to use linear plant models and linear controllers in the control systems design. Such approach has simple explanation applying to plants with insignificant nonlinearity or to those, functioning closely to a working point. But linear controllers, indeed with some modification, are used even for plants with significant non-linearities. Because of several reasons the non-linear controllers have not broad application. First, the linear control theory is well developed; while the non-linear control methods are clear for few engineers in practice. Second, there are some technological and economical difficulties to get high quality study of the process to be controlled in order to build detailed (more precise) non-linear plant model. Third, new ideas in the field of the control theory are continuously realized, which expand the span of the linear control systems applications as an alternative to utilizing complicated models at the expense of troubles of theoretical and practical nature.
Efficacy and safety of topical OPA‐15406, a new phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis for 8 weeks: A phase 2, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study

The efficacy and safety of topical OPA‐15406, a new phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, were examined in Japanese patients aged 15–70 years with atopic dermatitis in a phase 2, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled study. Two hundred patients were randomized to three treatment groups at a 1:1:1 ratio to receive OPA‐15406 0.3%, OPA‐15406 1% or vehicle ointment twice daily for 8 weeks. The OPA‐15406 1% group was superior to the vehicle group in terms of the incidence of success based on the Investigator Global Assessment score at week 4 (P = 0.0328), which was the primary end‐point, while the OPA‐15406 0.3% group showed a trend toward improvement in the primary end‐point. The mean Eczema Area and Severity Index total score and subscale (erythema, induration/papulation, excoriation and lichenification) scores, the Visual Analog Scale pruritus score and the Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure score were significantly improved and the percentage of affected body surface area was significantly decreased in both OPA‐15406 groups relative to the vehicle group as early as week 1, and the improved scores and decreased percentages were generally maintained until week 8. No deaths or serious treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in the OPA‐15406 treatment groups. Treatment‐emergent adverse events frequently observed across treatment groups were worsening of atopic dermatitis, viral upper respiratory tract infection and pruritus, all of which were mild or moderate in severity in the OPA‐15406 groups. OPA‐15406 1% ointment showed favorable efficacy and safety profiles, indicating a promising treatment option for patients with atopic dermatitis.
An evaluation of (0.25%) Bupivacaine Vs (0.5%) Ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia using ultrasound guidedtransversus abdominis plane block for abdominal surgeries: A comparative study

Background: Transversus Abdomin is Plane (TAP) Block is a regional analgesic technique. It provides analgesia after abdominal surgery particularly where parietal wall pain forms major component of pain. It allows sensory blockade of abdominal wall skin and muscles via local anaesthetic deposition above Transversus Abdominis muscle(TAM). We evaluated efficacy of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine in Ultrasound guided TAP Block for post-operative analgesia in abdominal surgeries like hernia repair, open cholecystectomy in a hospital based, double blind, prospective, randomized clinical trial. Method: 60 adult patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia were included in this study and were randomly divided into two groups according to computer generated table of randomization. After induction of anaesthesia, TAP Block unilateral or bilateral(depending upon nature of incision of surgery) was performed using 15 ml of 0.5% Ropivacaine or 0.25% Bupivacaine each side. Each patient was assessed intra-operatively for haemodynamic parameters like HR, SBP, DBP, MBP and SPO2 at 0, 5, 10, 20 minutes (m) and then after every 10m till the end of surgery. Post-operatively patients were assessed for pain with VAS score at 0m, 30 m, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours (h) by a blinded investigator. Results: Intra-operatively haemodynamic parameters remained stable and comparable in both the groups. Mean duration of analgesia in Ropivacaine group and Bupivacaine group was 12.61±5.13hrs and 9.92±4.81h respectively, the difference was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: 0.5% Ropivacaine provided longer duration of analgesia than 0.25% Bupivacaine when used in Ultrasound guided TAP Block on patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. TAP Block via lumbar approach using Ultrasonography provides better pain relief especially in lower abdominal surgeries as compared to upper abdominal surgeries. There were no complications attributable to TAP Block or
Digital Game-Based Learning: A Supplement for Medication Calculation Drills in Nurse Education

Student nurses, globally, appear to struggle with medication calculations. In order to improve these skills among student nurses, the authors developed The Medication Game – an online computer game that aims to provide simple mathematical and medical calculation drills, and help students practise standard medical units and expressions. The aim of this study was to examine whether baccalaureate student nurses who played The Medication Game as a supplement to lectures and task-solving during a medication calculation course improved their examination results compared to a control group who used lectures and task-solving only. The authors used a randomised controlled design to study 201 students enrolled in medication calculation courses. The main measures were examination results, gaming high scores, the number of gaming self-tests and gaming time. There was no significant difference between groups in examination pass rates: 56% of the control group and 67% of the gamers passed. However, gamers who passed the examination had higher gaming high scores (p < .01) and used the gaming self-tests more frequently (p < .01) than gamers who failed the examination. The authors concluded that The Medication Game did not significantly improve examination results, but that using the game frequently appeared to influence the examination outcome positively.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEBIASAAN MINUM KOPI DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANIKI BAWAH KOTA MANADO

Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi merupakan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi di Indonesia. Karena itu, studi terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi risiko hipertensi tetap penting untuk mengendalikan kondisi ini. Konsumsi kopi terus dipertentangkan hubungannya dengan hipertensi. Sejauh ini, penelitian tersebut masih jarang dilakukan di Manado sekalipun konsumsi kopi daerah ini cukup tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kebiasaan minum kopi dengan kejadian hipertensi di Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Kota Manado.Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang atau 73 pasien usia ≥ 45 tahun berkunjung di Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Kota Manado selang waktu 4-10 Oktober 2018. Hubungan antara kebiasaan minum kopi dan kejadian hipertensi di selidiki melalui uji chi square dan Continuity Correction. Sejumlah 31 (42,5%) pasien mengkonsumsi kopi secara reguler, dan 44 (60,3%) pasien memiliki hipertensi. Hampir 50% pasien yang konsumsi kopi memiliki hipertensi. Namun demikian, hubungan hubungan tersebut tidak signifikan ( = 1,225 ; p = 0,380). Konsumsi kopi tidak terbukti meningkatkan risiko hipertensi pada penelitian ini. Kata Kunci :Hipertensi, Konsumsi kopi, Pukesmas, Manado ABSTRACT Hypertension or high blood presure is the cause of high morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. It is this relevant to continue studying the risk factors of hypertension so as to control the prevalence and incidence rate. The effect of coffee consumption on hypertension remains inconclusive. There is a lach of study on their correlation in Manado, despite a relatively high consumption of coffee in this population. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between coffe consumption and hypertension on patients visiting the Community Health Center of Paniki Bawah Manado.This was a cross sectional study of 73 patient age ≥ 45 year visiting the Community Health Center of Paniki Bawah, Manado, between 4-20 October 2018. The correlation between coffee consumption and hypertension was tested Uji chi-square and Continuity Correction. Thirty one (42,5%) patients consumed coffe regularly and 44 (60,3%) patients had hypertension. About 50% patients who consumed coffe regulary also had hypertension, yet this assocition was not statistically significant ( = 1,225 ; p = 0,380). The study does not support the claim of the correlation between coffe consumption and hypertension Keywords : Hypertension, Coffee consumption, Puskesmas, Manado
THE EFFECT OF INCORPORATING THE SCIENCE WRITING HEURISTIC APPROACH TO INQUIRY ACTIVITIES IN A HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE CLASSROOM

Students often come to a high school science classes without the skills they need to be successful in an inquiry based science class. These skills include the ability to write about science procedures and findings, read about and connect science content, and work collaboratively through science inquiry processes. This research used the Science Writing Heuristic to provide students with a template for inquiry based activities. With the SWH, students worked collaboratively on in inquiry based activity and then wrote about the science they did including procedures, observations, data, and results. Students then compared their findings with the findings of other groups. They used this information to make a claim about the content and supported the claim with evidence or data. Students were then asked to make a connection between the content and the activity through a reading assignment that explained the concept further, described a model of the content, or was a real-world application of the content. The goal of SWH was to improve students’ understanding of science by reading, writing and collaborating about science. After a nine week pre-treatment and treatment phase data was collected to compare the skills students had gained and to determine if their understanding of science content had improved. Various methods were used to collect and analyze data including student surveys, field notes with observations about student collaboration, exam, quiz and lab grades, and a teacher reflective journal. Based on the data gathered, the students’ ability to collaborate improved and they learned more through guided collaborative work. Student quiz grades did not change based on the SWH template, but exam grades did improve. The reading component of the SWH template did not produce the results I expected and students did not relate the reading to any of the content questions and many students did not read the assignments. In conclusion, the SWH approach provided me with information I can use as a teacher in the future. Despite the approach not being a complete success, parts of it can be used to help increase the skills students need to be successful in a science classroom.