Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immigrant Capital and Entrepreneurial Opportunities

Objective: The main objective of this study is to define and operationalize the concept of immigrant capital, a key factor that differentiates immigrant from host country entrepreneurs in how they recognize and start new ventures. Research Design & Methods: A detailed analysis of contemporary immigrant entrepreneurship and opportunity recognition literature was carried out. Using grounded theory, we synthesized the outcomes from the analysis of eight Canadian and U.S. case studies of successful immigrant entrepreneurs with the key findings from the literature to define and develop a model of immigrant capital. Findings: Based on our grounded theory development process we show that the concept of immigrant capital as a distillate of human, cultural, economic and social capital that goes beyond expected opportunity recognition (OR) drivers like prior knowledge and prior experience to differentiate and enhance the immigrant entrepreneur's ability to recognize business opportunities compared to host country entrepreneurs. We found immigrant capital to be a consequence of being boundary spanners in host and home country networks. Implications & Recommendations: Understanding a unique resource like immigrant capital, will help immigrant as well as host country entrepreneurs further develop their opportunity recognition ability by bridging gaps and fulfilling the needs for both, immigrant and host country consumers. Contribution & Value Added: The main contribution is the theoretical development, identification and definition of the immigrant capital model and propositions that will articulate the factors that lead to the conceptualization and operationalization of immigrant capital. Furthermore, the immigrant capital model can serve host country entrepreneurs to develop cross-cultural networks and jump-start entrepreneurial activities in their home countries as well as learn how to expand their operations into global markets.
Effect of Bud3 phosphorylation site mutations on bud site selection and cell cycle progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the protein Bud3 is important in bud site selection. It localizes to the mother-bud neck, where it promotes the axial pattern of budding, wherein a new bud forms next to the bud scar left by the previous cell division. It also localizes the cyclin protein Clb2 to the bud neck, which is important for normal cell cycle progression, including mitotic exit and cytokinesis. We studied the effects of Bud3 phosphorylation site mutations on bud site selection and cell cycle progression. Our study included both alanine mutants, which are nonphosphorylatable, and aspartate/glutamate mutants, which constitutively mimic phosphorylation. To observe bud site selection, we used calcofluor white staining and fluorescence microscopy to visualize bud scars for single, double, and triple mutants. For cell cycle progression, we arrested the cells in G1 using alpha-factor mating pheromone, released them from the arrest, and analyzed budding state over time from 0-180 min using brightfield microscopy. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of Bud3 has a small, but statistically significant effect on bud site selection. The triple alanine mutation combination resulted in decreased axial budding, while aspartate/glutamate mutants showed no significant change in budding pattern. Additionally, we found that phosphorylation does affect cell cycle progression: the triple alanine mutant strain had a delay in budding after release from G1 arrest that persisted through the following cell cycle; in contrast, the triple aspartate/glutamate phosphomimetic mutant strain budded with normal timing and actually progressed more quickly through the cell cycle than the wildtype (WT) strain, possibly indicating division at a smaller-than-normal cell size.
Development of pro-vitamin A and energy rich biscuits: Blending of orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) with wheat (Triticum vulgare) flour and altering baking temperature and time

Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is a promising root crop due to its high β-carotene content which could help to reduce vitamin A deficiency (VAD). However, it is a less utilized perishable crop. In order to use OFSP tubers, incorporation with other flours in processing and baked products can be considered. The aim of this study was to develop pro-vitamin A and energy rich biscuits through incorporation of OFSP and altering baking time and temperature. In this experiment, OFSP flour was blended with wheat flour in the ratio of 30%. Dough was formed and baked at 200°C for 12 and 15 min and at 220°C for 9 and 12 min. The biscuits were then subjected to nutritional and acceptability tests. The moisture content ranged between 4.02 and 11.19%, crude protein (9.88 - 11.06%), crude fiber (0.17 - 2.68%), crude fat (1.32 - 2.34%), ash (0.81 - 2.91%), carbohydrate (73.72 - 79.19%), β-carotene (0.54- 6.01 µg/g) and energy (360.7 - 379.0 kcal/100 g). The entire sensory test score of the biscuits was in acceptable range. The finding of this study shows that blending of OFSP, baking time and temperature altered the pro-vitamin A and energy content of the developed biscuits. Hence, OFSP blending, baking time and temperature could be manipulated to prepare nutritionally rich and organoleptically acceptable biscuits. Key words: Orange-fleshed sweet potato, baking, biscuits, β-carotene, nutrition, sensory property.
LAW SCHOOL ADMISSIONS UNDER THE UC AFFIRMATIVE ACTION BAN

The consequences of banning a¢ rmative action depend on schools’ability and willingness to avoid it. This paper uses a seventeen-year sample of law school applications to measure how completely UC law schools avoided the 1996 UC a¢ rmative action ban. The pre-ban black admission rate was 61%. Controlling for selective attrition from applicant pools, I …nd that the ban reduced the black admission rate to 31%— half of the pre-ban rate but still four times higher than the 8% rate that would prevail under observed white admission standards. Observed black admission advantages at intermediate credential levels were as large as 99 percentage points before the ban and 63 percentage points after the ban. The results have implications for modeling a¢ rmative action bans, sustaining racial
Comparison of Gender Differences in Attitudes, Expectations and Purposes of Marriage of University Students in Bandar-Abbas

This study aim is to examine gender differences in attitudes, expectations, and purposes of marriage among university students in Bandar-Abbas. 627 participants (62.8% female and 37.2% male) were selected to participate from the available population. They were asked to complete the Socio-demographic Characteristics Form, a semi-structured interview for their intents and purposes of marriage, and the Marital Scales, which measure attitudes and expectations of marriage. Findings indicated that 90.2% of the participants intended to marry. The emotional, religious, and sexual were the three main purposes of marriage. The Findings indicated significant differences in priorities of the marriage purposes among men and women. The results revealed that there were significant differences between attitudes and expectations of marriage of men and women.
New Information on the Braincase of the North American Therizinosaurian (Theropoda, Maniraptora) Falcarius utahensis

ABSTRACT Many disarticulated bones from multiple individuals of a primitive therizinosaurian, referred to Falcarius utahensis, were found in the paucispecific Crystal Geyser bonebed in the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of eastern Utah. To date, more than 2000 specimens from this species have been excavated. Included in this collection are two partial braincases, one of which is designated the holotype. Here we describe the braincase morphology of Falcarius utahensis. These specimens help establish the primitive cranial condition for the Therizinosauria and further substantiate intraspecific and contralateral braincase pneumatic variation in theropods. When combined with new observations on the cranial remains of the therizinosaurid Nothronychus mckinleyi derived from computed tomographic (CT) scans, the braincase morphology of Falcarius clarifies several evolutionary trends within the Therizinosauria and establishes a suite of synapomorphies for the Therizinosauridae. Trends within the clade include increased basicranial pneumatization (the development of a basisphenoid bulla and loss of external subcondylar recesses), anterior deflection of the supraoccipital, and the reduction of points of origin of the craniocervical musculature, associated with the loss of discrete basipterygoid processes, probably due to incorporation of these structures into the expanded hyperpneumatic bone. Finally, CT scans reveal a complete, nearly avian, inner ear with bird-like semicircular canals and a long cochlea indicating broad frequency discrimination.
Point-of-care monitoring of international normalized ratio among patients with mechanical valves in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria

Background: Rheumatic heart disease is the leading cause of acquired valvular heart disease in low- and middle-income countries and sometimes requires mechanical valve replacement. Postsurgical management of these patients is vital and includes lifelong anticoagulation with close monitoring. This study aims to report our experience with anticoagulation monitoring of patients with mechanical heart valves using a handheld portable device. Patients and Methods: This retrospective review involved 12 patients that were enrolled in the anticoagulation clinic (AC) of a local nongovernmental organization, at different times between 2003 and 2012. Patients' sociodemographic variables, international normalized ratio (INR) assay results, and clinical status were routinely entered into a register and were retrieved for the present review. Results: The 12 patients comprised three males and nine females and were resident between 3.7 and 300 km from the AC. Their age ranged from 7 to 26 years (mean 14.1 ± 3.3 years, median 13 years) at the time of enrollment into the AC. Seven hundred and ninety-four INR assays were done during the period under review (mean 12.2 ± 5.4 INR assays per patient per year). Of the 794 assays, 38.5% were within target (INR levels between 2.5 and 3.5 or between 2.0 and 3.0 for patients with mechanical valves at the mitral and aortic positions, respectively) 35.7% were below the target range, and 25.7% were above the target range. Conclusion: Our experience with point-of-care INR testing in a clinic setting suggests that adopting this approach could improve the quality of anticoagulation monitoring by increasing patients' access to the device, the frequency of assays per patient, and, ultimately, the number of within-target INR assays.
Rural—Urban Differences in Privatization: Limits to the Competitive State

Despite two decades of experience with privatization, US local government use of contracting in public service delivery remains relatively flat. Market approaches to public goods provision emphasize the competitive state, and attribute limited degree of privatization to bureaucratic resistance. Rural development theory emphasizes the uneven impact of market solutions in rural communities. Using national data on US local government service delivery from 1992 and 1997, we analyze differences in local government service-delivery patterns by metropolitan status. Discriminant analysis suggested that structural features of markets are more important than the managerial capacity of government leaders in explaining lower rates of privatization among rural governments. These structural constraints limit the applicability of competitive approaches to local government service delivery. Our results suggest that cooperation, as an alternative to privatization at the local level and as a source of redistributive aid at the state level, may provide a more equitable alternative for disadvantaged rural communities.
Prevalence of Primary Infertility and its Associated Risk Factors in Urban Population of Central India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Primary infertility is a serious health issue that has profound socioeconomic and health implications on both the individual and society. Despite the important consequences of infertility, estimation of its prevalence is limited. Objective: The objective of the study is (1) to estimate the prevalence of primary infertility among women of reproductive age group in urban population of Central India and (2) to study its associated risk factors. Material and Methods: In a community-based cross-sectional study, all married women between 15 and 49 years of age in urban field practice area were included. The data were collected by face-to-face interview with the help of predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Results: The majority of the women (39.3%) belonged to 25–29 years of age group. The overall prevalence of primary infertility among reproductive age group women was 8.9% (51/570). Sociodemographic factors that had statistically significant association with infertility were age at marriage more than 25 years (P < 0.05), nuclear family (P < 0.05), higher education level (P = 0.04), employed women (P < 0.05), high socioeconomic status (P = 0.01), and family history of infertility (P < 0.05). Physiological factors that had statistically significant association with infertility were obesity (P = 0.03), age at menarche more than 14 years (P < 0.05) and irregular menstruation pattern (P < 0.05). Depression (P = 0.01) and stress (P < 0.05) were the psychological factors significantly associated with infertility. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of primary infertility in urban population of Central India was lower than reported trends of infertility from developing countries. Sound knowledge about various factors related to infertility can help health-care providers and policymakers to design and implement various policies.
Precise age and biostratigraphic significance of the Kinney Brick Quarry Lagerstätte, Pennsylvanian of New Mexico, USA

The Kinney Brick Quarry is a world famous Late Pennsylvanian fossil Lagerstätte in central New Mexico, USA. The age assigned to the Kinney Brick Quarry (early-middle Virgilian) has long been based more on its inferred lithostratigraphic position than on biostratigraphic indicators at the quarry. We have developed three datasets —-stratigraphic position, fusulinids and conodonts — that indicate the Kinney Brick Quarry is older, of middle Missourian (Kasimovian) age. Our detailed local lithostratigraphic studies coupled with regional stratigraphic investigations indicate the Kinney Brick Quarry is in the Tinajas Member of the Atrasado Formation, so it is stratigraphically lower than suggested by previously publishedmaps. A laterally extensive fusulinid-bearing limestone a few meters below the level of the Kinney Brick Quarry yields an early-middle Missourian fusulinid assemblage consisting of Tumulotriticites cf. T. tumidus and species of Triticites: T. cf. T. planus, T. cf. T. myersi and T. ex gr. T. ohioensis. The Kinney conodont fauna is characterized by Idiognathodus corrugatus and I. cherryvalensis, which suggest an assignment to the Idiognathodus confragus Zone of the North America Midcontinent region (Dennis cyclothem; middle Missourian). Nonmarine biostratigraphic indicators at the Kinney Brick Quarry indicate either an imprecise age (Late Pennsylvanian: megaflora) or a slightly younger age (late Kasimovian-early Gzhelian: blattids) than do stratigraphic position and marine microfossils. The well-established age of Kinney on the marine timescale thus can be used to better calibrate the nonmarine biostratigraphy. So, the insect biozonation of the Euramerican continental basins, which was calibrated to the so-called regional West European Carboniferous stages by macrofloras and to the globalmarine scale by sparse, ambiguous isotopic ages, can now be linked directly to the marine conodont zonation.
Comparative evaluation of the pushout bond strength of two root-end materials: An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the pushout bond strength of two bioceramic materials, two component calcium trisilicate material (biodentine), and premixed calcium trisilicate putty (Endosequence root repair material-fast set putty). Subjects and Methods: 20 maxillary incisors were used in the study. Apical sections of 3mm were obtained and retro cavities to a depth of 3mm were prepared using a straight fissure bur. Another transverse section was made 4-mm coronal to the previous section. The specimens were placed into acrylic resin rings and separated into two groups and their cavities filled with the materials. The pushout test was carried out using a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the specimens were examined in a stereomicroscope at to evaluate the modes of failure. Statistical Analysis: The pushout bond strength values were analyzed using the unpaired t-test, and the modes of failure were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results: The pushout bond strength was seen to be significantly higher (P < 0.001) for the two-component calcium trisilicate material (11.596 ± 3.309). Cohesive failure patterns were observed in both the test groups. Conclusion: Two component calcium trisilicate material demonstrated higher bond strength values to apical dentine.
Non-heterosexuality: Contemporary Psychiatric Perspectives

Background: Although homosexuality has long been de-pathologized from psychiatric diagnoses since 1973, explicit and implicit discrimination toward non-heterosexuality still exists. Most biases are rooted deeply in the prevailing heterosexist value system, yet they are also highly strengthened by misunderstandings toward the diverse and multi-dimensional nature of human sexuality. In the past decades, mental health professionals, psychologists, social scientists, biologists and gender researchers from various disciplines have contributed greatly to the understanding toward non-heterosexuality. The accumulated knowledge is bound to improve our understanding toward human sexuality, and hopefully to reduce the long-standing biases and discriminations toward non-heterosexuality. Method: We reviewed current literature (mainly from Western studies) about non-heterosexuality from psychiatric perspectives. Results: First, we introduced the definition and conceptual framework for non-heterosexuality, along with brief summaries of demographics and biological underpinning. Second, we addressed psychological issues, including identity development, heterosexism and internalized homophobia, mental health and suicidality, and same-sex committed relationship. Third, we gave a brief overview toward psychotherapeutic issues on working with non-heterosexual individuals and their families. Conclusion: We suggest our-Taiwanese mental health colleagues to achieve a better understanding toward non-heterosexuality, to do non-biased and non-harmful clinical practices based on affirmative stance, to distribute knowledge to all health care providers, and to promote legal equality for Taiwanese non-heterosexual people.
Effect of High-dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Beta Cell Function in Obese Asian-Indian Children and Adolescents: A Randomized, Double Blind, Active Controlled Study

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be associated with insulin resistance. In an attempt to explore this association, we planned a study to investigate the effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on beta cell function in obese children and adolescents. Methods: A randomized, double blind, active-controlled study was carried out to investigate the effects of high dose (120,000 IU once a month) vitamin D supplementation in comparison to recommended daily allowance (12,000 IU/month) for 12 months. Beta cell function was assessed by disposition index. Inflammatory cytokines and cardiovascular risk factors were also assessed before and after supplementation. Results: A total of 189 obese children and adolescents were recruited. The mean serum 25OHD level of the study population was 8.36 ± 5.45 ng/ml. At baseline, 94.7% subjects were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL). After 12 months of supplementation, serum 25OHD level in intervention group was 26.89 ± 12.23 ng/mL, while in control group, it was 13.14 ± 4.67 ng/mL (P < 0.001). No significant difference in disposition index as well as other parameters of insulin resistance, sensitivity, inflammatory cytokines, and pulse wave velocity was seen after supplementation. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation in doses of 120,000 IU per month for 12 months in obese Asian-Indian children and adolescents did not affect beta cell function as well as cardiovascular risk factors.
Comparing the ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence when pantoprazole or ranitidine is used for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill adult patients

Aim: Prophylaxis against stress ulcer in mechanically ventilated patients is one of the causes for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Our aim was evaluating the effect of intravenous pantoprazole and ranitidine in the incidence of VAP in critically ill patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with at least 48 h of expected mechanical ventilation were allocated randomly to receive either 50 mg ranitidine (R) every 8 h or 40 mg pantoprazole (P) every 12 h intravenously from admission. VAP diagnosis was according to the Clinical Pneumonia Infection Score and positive culture. Results: Eighty-six patients during a 15-month period were analyzed; the study showed a low difference between VAP incidence in the ranitidine and pantoprazole groups. No significant difference was observed in terms of gastrointestinal bleeding, intensive care unit, hospital length of stay, and mortality between the groups. Conclusion: VAP incidence is hardly related to the type of stress ulcer prophylaxis agent with a high rate of VAP and low utilization of VAP prophylaxis bundle.
The morphology of cometary X-ray emission

X-ray emission from comets is generated by charge exchange of heavy solar wind ions in a high ionization state with the neutral particles of the cometary coma. We use model calculations and theoretical considerations to study the morphology of the emission. The emission is located in a bowl-shaped region on the subsolar side of the nucleus. We derive several length scales. By comparison with hydrodynamic scales we find that the maximum emission comes from inside the bow shock. The size of the emission region depends on the size of the cometary coma, i.e., mainly on the gas production, while the intensity depends mainly on the energy content of the heavy ions in the solar wind flow. This dependence allows a determination of the gas production of the comet and the heavy ion energy flux from a statistical study of the observed spatial distribution of X-ray photons. Here we apply this procedure to X-ray observations from comets C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake), C/1990 K1 (Levy), 2P/Encke and C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR). The gas production rates determined by our method agree very well with those obtained by other methods. The variability of the emission documented in several recorded outbursts correlates with the solar wind proton density.