Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two different centrifugation extenders for preservation of frozen equine semen

Summary This study compares a commercial semen extender (control group) to ultra high temperature (UHT) skimmed milk (treatment group) used during centrifugation for subsequent cryopreservation of equine semen. Following post-thawing of semen samples parameters measured included motility, sperm motion kinetics (using computerised assisted semen analysis) as well as acrosome and plasmatic membrane integrity (using fluorescent dyes). After collection and analysis, the sperm-rich fraction was divided and diluted with either: control (1:1 dilution in a skimmed milk-glucose extender) or treatment (1:1 dilution in UHT skimmed milk). The milk used in this experiment was of the same source, commercial brand, of only one lot. After dilution, samples were subjected to centrifugation at 600 g for 10 min and sperm pellets were resuspended in a freezing extender to a concentration of 200 × 106 cells/ml. Aliquots were packed into 0.5 ml straws placed in a stainless steel support and kept inside the refrigerator (5°C) for 20 min. Subsequently, these straws were placed at a height of 6 cm over liquid nitrogen for 20 min in an isotherm box. No significant differences were observed in total sperm motility (42.71 vs. 38.29%), progressive sperm motility (12.29 vs. 7.86%), plasma membrane integrity (53.43 vs. 60.14%) or acrosomal membrane integrity (93.29 vs. 93.71%) with a P>0.05 calculated between the control and the treatment groups, respectively. Considering that UHT skimmed milk has a lower cost than the commercial semen extender, this could be an option used during the centrifugation protocol to decrease the expense of the equine semen cryopreservation process and increase shelf life.
The Consequences of Hidden Hunger for Individuals and Societies

The author is the 1991 laureate of the World Food Prize the foremost international award recognizing outstanding individual achievement in improving the quality quantity or availability of food in the world. Dr. Scrimshaw is the first nutritionist to receive the prize with all earlier recipients recognized for efforts in production agriculture. He describes the magnitude and consequences of the various kinds of hidden hunger which still devastate a large proportion of the worlds population and demonstrates that the conquest of hidden hunger is essential to the human future. Sections discuss chronic undernutrition in adults protein-calorie malnutrition in children the prevalence of undernutrition in children and adults the importance of dietary protein micronutrient deficiencies the demographic significance of child mortality due to hunger overcoming hunger political mobilization for the conquest of hunger nutrient excesses and our obligation to the human future.
Learning Style and Mathematics Anxiety of Calawis National High School Students

This study is about the learning style and mathematics anxiety of Calawis National High School students. The main purpose of the study is to determine if there is a significant relationship between learning style and mathematics anxiety. A 10-item learning style inventory and 25-item mathematics anxiety questionnaire was adapted, revised, and distributed to the 495 students of Calawis National High School during 2017-2018 school year from Grade seven to twelve with ages ranging from 11 and above. Learning styles were categorized as Convergent, Divergent, Assimilative, and Accommodative. Data collected from these questionnaires were used to determine the relationship between learning style and mathematics anxiety. Results from the quantitative study showed that there is no significant relationship between the learning style and math anxiety of Grade 7, Grade 11, and Grade 12 students whereas there is significant relationship between learning style and mathematics anxiety of Grade 8, 9 and 10. In addition the result of the suggested that most of the students are accommodative emphasizing concrete experience and active experimentation. Furthermore, their greatest strengths lies on doing things, carrying out plans and tasks, and getting involved in new experiences.
The attitudes and habits of patients toward use of herbal drugs

Objective. The aim of study was to examine the factors associated with the use of herbal drugs among patients in Serbia, as well as to assess the attitudes and habits of patients toward the use of herbal drugs. Methods. The study was designed as an observational, cross-sectional study. The research was conducted during February 2018 in six community pharmacies across the municipalities of Despotovac and Ćuprija. Study population consisted of adult volunteers of both genders and over 18 years of age who had purchased drugs in one of the six pharmacies involved in the study. Participants filled out the semi-structured questionnaires which had been specifically designed for purposes of this research. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part comprised five questions relating to socio-demographic characteristics of participants, while the second part of the questionnaire was composed of eight questions concerning the use of herbal products. The study data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics by SPSS statistical program. Results. There were 190 participants in total. The average age of the study subjects was 47.83 ± 15.9 years (the youngest was 18, while the oldest was 87 years old). Some form of herbal product was used by 145 (76.3%) participants. The most common reasons for the use of herbal drugs were common cold (22.6%), improving the digestion (8.9%), stimulation of immune system (7.5%), dermatological problems (7.5%), cough (4.8 %) and rheumatic complaints (4.8%). The most frequently participants gained information on use of herbal drugs from pharmacists (26.9%), from sources provided by Internet (21.0%), from their physicians (11.8%) and from family members and friends (10.8%). Of the total number 67.7% of participants considered herbal drugs to be completely safe for use. Slightly more than half of the study subjects (52.7%) gave information on using the herbal drug to their physicians. The binary logistic regression analyses showed that herbal drugs were more commonly used by younger women, with a higher school or university degree who prefer to use herbal medicines compared to other drugs. Conclusion. The results of our study have shown that herbal drugs had been more commonly used by younger women, with a higher school degree or university degree, and who declared that they preferred to use herbal drugs in relation to other drugs.
Does homework improve outcomes for individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness

iii Acknowledgements vi Table of contents vii List of tables xiii Abbreviations xvii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. What is homework? 2 1.1.1. Does homework improve treatment outcomes? 4 1.1.2. Meta-analytic review of homework effects 6 1.1.3. Recent homework studies 8 1.1. 4. Section summary 11 1.2. Homework use with severe mental illness 12 1.2. 1. Homework use within mental health case management 14 1.2. 2. Recovery oriented case management approaches 15 1.2. 3. Types of homework used with severe mental illness 18 1.2. 4. Section summary 20 1.3. Factors influencing homework completion 22
METHODS OF LENTIVIRAL INFECTION SURVEILLANCE AND DIAGNOSIS IN SHEEP AND GOATS FARMS: REVIEW

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis and Maedi-Visna are specific diseases of small ruminants. They are caused by RNA viruses (CAEV and MVV) belonging to the family Retroviridae, gen Lentivirus. These viruses are referred to under the generic name of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs): in this group, five genotypes have been identified (A-E), according to the type of the isolated strains. Meanwhile the viral genome is continuously evolving. The exposure to domesticated ruminants at SRLVs may be very high, if they are subject to high infection pressure as a result of using common areas with small wild ruminants. The choice of the appropriate technique for diagnosis of the SRLVs infections is still a great challenge for many researchers. The aim of the study is to present the most useful methods and the criteria – pros’ and cons’ – to use, in order to select the appropriate technique for the diagnosis of SRLV infections. In this study, we selected relevant scientific papers, published in the last two decades, and identified the most used methods of diagnostic. Three types of methods were identified and compared: antibody detection (ELISA – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay – indirect/competitive/home-made, AGID – agar gel immunodiffusion, and WB – westernblotting), identification of specific viral genome by molecular techniques (PCR, RT-PCR and LAMP) and virus isolation by co-cultivation of cell cultures with goat synovial membrane cells/sheep choroid plexus cells. The results were compared in order to decide upon the method of choice for the diagnosis of the lentiviral infection. It can be concluded that all the techniques are useful, but for a result with high confidence, it is important to be decided what will be the targeted purpose (the confirmation of possible outbreaks, the eradication of disease, monitoring of herds/flocks, the criteria to declare/prove a free SRLV herd/flock, or just for the surveillance purpose).
Maintenance treatment of Crohn’s disease with a polymeric feed rich in TGF-β

Rationale: Dietetic intervention with polymeric diet rich in transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) represents a relatively satisfactory therapeutic modality in adult patients with mild to moderately active Crohn’s disease. However, there is no information concerning long-term results of this special diet. The aim of this study was to compare the results of the administration of a special diet (Modulen IBD) rich in TGF-β2 with those of the administration of mesalamine, in maintaining remission in patients with Crohn’s disease. Methods: Of the 83 patients initially included in the study, 76 (91.5%) [36 in the Modulen and 30 in the mesalamine arm] completed the trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either two meals (2X50g) of Modulen IBD plus two regular meals per day (43 patients) or mesalamine (800mg three times a day) (40 patients) for six months. Patients were assessed at sixth months after initiation of the trial. Relapse was defined as a Crohn’s Disease Activity Index of greater than 150 points or at least 60 points over baseline. Various anthropometric parameters and serum estimations including ESR, CRP, platelets, albumin, vitamin B12 and folic acid were carried out at the beginning of the trial and after six months. Results: Twenty-five patients in the Modulen arm (69%) continued to be in remission after six months compared with 18(60%) receiving mesalamine (no significant differences). Among patients with relapse the mean time to relapse was 103 days for those treated with mesalamine and 123 days for those treated with Modulen (no significant differences). Conclusion:Modulen-IBD treatment reduced relapse rate to a better degree compared with mesalamine treatment, although statistical significance was not achieved.
FCGR3A and FCGR2A Polymorphisms May Not Correlate with Response to Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

word count: 155 Article word count: 1392 This work is in part supported by the National Cancer Institute (P01 CA95426-01A, CLL Research Consortium P01 CA81534-02), The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Research Foundation, The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of America, and The D. Warren Brown Foundation. JCB is a Clinical Scholar of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of America. Blood First Edition Paper, prepublished online June 24, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-02-0651 Copyright (c) 2004 American Society of Hematology For personal use only. by guest on June 6, 2013. bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org From
Supplemental Material for How Effectively Can Implicit Evaluations Be Updated? Using Evaluative Statements After Aversive Repeated Evaluative Pairings

Implicit evaluations (attitudes) are often described as resistant to change, especially when they were initially formed in a seemingly associative manner, such as via repeated evaluative pairings (REP), and new learning is created via propositional material, such as evaluative statements (ES). The present research (total N = 2124) tested the responsiveness of implicit evaluations instantiated via REP to updating via different types of ES. In Experiment 1, initial learning was created via repeatedly pairing a novel target with strongly negative stimuli (screams) in an aversive REP (A-REP) task. Subsequent ES of opposing valence providing diagnostic information about the target’s behavior substantially updated implicit (IAT) evaluations. In Experiment 2, behavioral ES resulted in successful updating after A-REP whether or not they provided an explanation for the initial A-REP learning. A previously unobtained result emerged in Experiment 3 showing that updating was durable even after 1 day. Finally, in Experiment 4, implicit evaluations were updated via diagnostic behavioral ES, but not via an ES instruction to suppose that different pairings had occurred during A-REP. Taken together, these experiments challenge associative theories of implicit evaluation by demonstrating that diagnostic behavioral statements can durably override the effects of initial learning on implicit evaluations, even if such initial learning is aversive and involves direct experience with stimulus pairings. Moreover, by showing that verbal manipulations based on diagnostic behavior but not a mere supposition instruction had impact, the present project advances theory by starting to identify the nature of learning that can adaptively update social impressions.
Thyroid hormones and breast cancer-prospective studies on incidence, mortality and prognostic factors

Thyroid hormones and breast cancer-prospective studies on incidence, mortality and prognostic factors The aim of this thesis was to investigate in a prospective design, thyroid hormones in relation to breast cancer risk, mortality and prognostic factors. The association between total triiodothyronine (T3) levels and breast cancer risk was studied in 2185 women with146 incident breast cancer cases. The association of free T3 and free thyroxin (T4) levels in relation to breast cancer risk was studied in 676 breastcancer cases and 680 controls. It was found that: Total T3 levels in postmenopausal women are positively associated with the risk of developing breast cancer in a dose-response manner. Free T4 levels also appear to be positively associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. The association between thyrotropin (TSH) levels and breast cancer risk was studied in 2696 women with173 incident breast cancer cases. The association between TSH and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) and breast cancer risk was studied in 676 breastcancer cases and 680 controls. It was found that: Women with a high level of TPO-Ab have a slightly lower risk of breast cancer, whereas TSH levels are not associated with breast cancer risk. The association between total T3 and prognostic factors in breast cancer and breast cancer mortality was studied in 2185 women where 26 died from breast cancer. It was found that: Total T3 levels are positively associated with breast cancer-specific mortality, which is not related to a general effect on all-cause mortality. Total T3 levels have a positive association to negative prognostic factors in breast cancer such as the occurrence of lymph node metastases, and negative oestrogen and progesterone receptor status. It is concluded that thyroid hormone levels are positively related to breast cancer risk and prognosis.
Structural Alterations of the Glomerular Wall and Vessels in Early Stages of Diabetes Mellitus (Light and Transmission Electron Microscopic Study)

Objective: The capillary changes at the initial stage of diabetes may show an angioarchitecture clearly different from those of later stages and/or very severe glomerular change. However, the onset of alterations in the early phases is unclear. This study attempts to determine the structural alterations of the glomerular wall and vessels in the early stage of diabetes. Material and Methods: Twenty-five adult rats were used in this study. They were divided into two groups: the first group of five was used as a control . The second group of 20 (the experimental group) was injected intraperitoneally by a single dose of streptozotocin to induce hyperglycemia. Rats were sacrificed after ten days, two months, and four months. Five rats at two months of age with hyperglycemia were treated with insulin for eight weeks. Renal tissues were prepared by routine technique for light and transmission electron microscopic evaluation. Results: By light microscopy after ten days of induced hyperglycemia, there were no structural modifications detected either in renal glomerular fine vessels or in the glomerular basement membrane of the glomerular capillaries. After two months, there was a moderate glomerular enlargement and dilatation of glomerular capillaries, afferent, and efferent arterioles. After four months, glomerular basement membrane thickening was the only structural alteration observed. Recovery of the glomerular alterations was observed after two months of treatment with insulin. Conclusion: In early stages of diabetes mellitus in rats, there was an increase in the diameter of glomerular vessels. In later stages of the disease, the reverse was seen, but insulin treatment had a positive role in reversing these changes in the study subjects.
A prospective study on sleep disorders related to antidepressant drugs use in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Prescription of antidepressants has been increased from the last decade and responsible for producing sleep disorders as adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Sleep disorders can be divided into 3 large groups: (1) insomnia, (2) primary complaint of daytime sleepiness, and (3) Association of disruptive behaviours during sleep, the disorders of arousal. So active surveillance is needed to access these ADRs. Aims and Objective: To analyze the sleep disturbances as ADRs of various antidepressants prescribed to the patients attending psychiatry outpatient department (OPD). Methods: This prospective study was conducted on patients aged ≤74 years attending Department of Psychiatry OPD and were prescribed Antidepressants for the duration of 8 months (December, 2013-July, 2014). The ADRs reported were confirmed by WHO UMC Causality Assessment Scale. Results: Total number of patients enrolled on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria (n=50). Total number of ADRs related to drugs prescribed were found to be n=69. Total number of patients with sleep disturbances as ADRs were found to be n=28. Conclusion: The drug, most frequently implicated to cause sleep disturbances, was mirtazapine. Increased sleep was the most common ADR, found to occur. Unusual ADRs such as sleep talking was also seen.
The Repair and Healing of Two Traumatic Ilial Body Fractures Adjacent to Cemented Total Hip Acetabular Components

Summary This report has documented the repair and healing of two ilial fractures in dogs which were compounded by the presence of a cemented acetabular prosthesis. While specific recommendations can not be made from such a small number of cases, the information presented herein suggests that such fractures will heal without complication if aseptic surgical techniques and standard methods of internal fixation are employed. The authors strongly recommend the prophylactic use of intravenous antibiotics and the placement of cancellous bone graft when the repair of such fractures is attempted. Two traumatic ilial fractures involving the cement/bone interface of acetabular prostheses were repaired using lag screws, cerclage wires, and autogenous bone grafts. The fractures healed and ambulatory function was regained.
Compressible Flow Structures Interaction with a Two-Dimensional Ejector: A Cold-Flow Study

An experimental study has been conducted to examine the interaction of compressible flow structures such as shocks and vortices with a two-dimensional ejector geometry using a shock-tube facility. Three diaphragm pressure ratios of P 4 /P 1 = 4, 8, and 12 have been employed, where P 4 is the driver gas pressure and P 1 is the pressure within the driven compartment of the shock tube. These lead to incident shock Mach numbers of M, = 1.34,1.54, and 1.66, respectively. The length of the driver section of the shock tube was 700 mm. Air was used for both the driver and driven gases. High-speed shadowgraphy was employed to visualize the induced flowfield. Pressure measurements were taken at different locations along the test section to study the flow quantitatively. The induced flow is unsteady and dependent on the degree of compressibility of the initial shock wave generated by the rupture of the diaphragm.
Counseling and the Internet: Asian American and Asian International College Students' Attitudes toward Seeking Online Professional Psychological Help.

This study examined Asian American and Asian international college students' attitudes toward seeking online professional psychological help as well as traditional face-to-face professional psychological help. Results suggest that students had less favorable attitudes toward seeking help online than toward seeking help by traditional face-to-face means. Implications for counseling center services for Asian American and Asian international college students are discussed.
Recycling the surgical audit

Correspondence: edward W Johnston Department of hepatobiliary surgery, southampton general hospital, Tremona rd, southampton, hampshire sO16 6YD, UK Tel +44 23 8077 7999 email ed.johnston@doctors.org. uk Background: Clinical audit is a process used to improve the quality of care provided to patients. With an increasing body of evidence to question the effectiveness of audit, this study aims to evaluate the standard of surgical audits carried out in a large teaching hospital. Methods: All surgically orientated audits proposed to the hospital’s audit office over a 5-year period were evaluated against criteria set out in accordance with guidelines produced by the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence. Results: Of the 79 audits proposed, 33 were completed and took an average of 3.4 months. Forty-eight percent of completed audits identified actions, 12% implemented changes, and 9% closed the loop. The number of proposed surgical audits has not increased significantly over the past 5 years. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the minority of audits manage to identify actions, implement change, and complete an audit cycle. Part of this inefficiency can be attributed to a lack of communication between audit leads and the audit office. To overcome this problem, it is suggested that audit offices take an active role in facilitating the audit process at all times.