Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional breakdown: exploring mental health nursing practice in acute inpatient settings

This book represents a sustained critique of nursing practice within acute inpatient settings. Using the methods of qualitative data gathering and analysis, it documents how the nursing role is hampered by organisational and historical factors over which the nurses have little control. In particular, the manner by which nursing teams have to cope with the everyday minutae of 'ward management', while attempting to care for disturbed or difficult patients, is closely and critically scrutinised. The book holds out little optimism for change which refuses to embrace radical solutions. To that end, it concludes by recommending the abolition of inpatient settings in their present form.
Tri-mean-based statistical differential gene expression detection

Based on the assumption that only a subset of disease group has differential gene expression, traditional detection of differentially expressed genes is under the constraint that cancer genes are up- or down-regulated in all disease samples compared with normal samples. However, in 2005, Tomlins assumed and discussed the situation that only a subset of disease samples would be activated, which are often referred to as outliers.
Pancreatic islet cells: A model for calcium‐dependent peptide release

In mammals the concentration of blood glucose is kept close to 5 mmol/l. Different cell types in the islet of Langerhans participate in the control of glucose homeostasis. β‐cells, the most frequent type in pancreatic islets, are responsible for the synthesis, storage, and release of insulin. Insulin, released with increases in blood glucose promotes glucose uptake into the cells. In response to glucose changes, pancreatic α‐, β‐, and δ‐cells regulate their electrical activity and Ca2+ signals to release glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin, respectively. While all these signaling steps are stimulated in hypoglycemic conditions in α‐cells, the activation of these events require higher glucose concentrations in β and also in δ‐cells. The stimulus‐secretion coupling process and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+] i ) dynamics that allow β‐cells to secrete is well‐accepted. Conversely, the mechanisms that regulate α‐ and δ‐cell secretion are still under study. Here, we will consider the glucose‐induced signaling mechanisms in each cell type and the mathematical models that explain Ca2+ dynamics.
Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Other Mosquitoes Potentially Associated With Sylvatic Yellow Fever In Cantareira State Park In the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil

Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate whether Haemagogus leucocelaenus and other mosquito species associated with sylvatic transmission of yellow fever virus are present in Cantareira State Park (CSP) in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). From October 2015 to March 2016, adult mosquitoes were captured with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traps, manual battery-powered aspirators, and Shannon traps; larvae and pupae were collected in natural and artificial breeding sites. A total of 109 adult mosquito specimens and 30 immature forms belonging to 11 taxonomic categories in 4 genera (Aedes, Psorophora, Sabethes, and Haemagogus) were collected, including Hg. leucocelaenus, the main vector of yellow fever. The entomological findings of the present study indicate that the area is of strategic importance for yellow fever surveillance not only because of the significant numbers of humans and nonhuman primates circulating in CSP and its vicinity but also because it represents a potential route for the disease to be introduced to the SPMA.
Privacy preserving record linkage approaches

Privacy-preserving record linkage is a very important task, mostly because of the very sensitive nature of the personal data. The main focus in this task is to find a way to match records from among different organisation data sets or databases without revealing competitive or personal information to non-owners. Towards accomplishing this task, several methods and protocols have been proposed. In this work, we propose a certain methodology for preserving the privacy of various record linkage approaches and we implement, examine and compare four pairs of privacy preserving record linkage methods and protocols. Two of these protocols use n-gram based similarity comparison techniques, the third protocol uses the well known edit distance and the fourth one implements the Jaro-Winkler distance metric. All of the protocols used are enhanced by private key cryptography and hash encoding. This paper presents also a blocking scheme as an extension to the privacy preserving record linkage methodology. Our comparison is backed up by extended experimental evaluation that demonstrates the performance achieved by each of the proposed protocols.
The Pathogenesis of Anorectal Malformation Induced by All‐Trans Retinoic Acid in Mice

The pathogenesis of anorectal malformations has been discussed for more than 100 years, however, much remains to be elucidated. We studied the pathogenesis of high‐type anorectal malformations induced by all‐trans retinoic acid (all‐trans RA) in mice. Pregnant females were injected intraperitoneally once with all‐trans RA, suspended in corn oil (5 mg/ml), at a dose of 100 mg/kg on day 9 of pregnancy. The all‐trans RA‐treated females were killed on one of days 10 to 18 of pregnancy. All fetuses examined on day 18 of pregnancy following in utero exposure to all‐trans RA had anorectal malformations. In the affected male fetuses, the rectum was positioned away from the retroperitoneum toward the ventral side leading to the opening of the urethra just underneath the urinary bladder. Deficiency of the cloacal plate at the dorsal part was also observed in the affected embryos during days 10–11 of pregnancy. The cloacal plate is considered to bring the cloacal cavity to the anus, and thus the deficiency of the dorsal part may be the major cause of the hightype anorectal malformations.
Workplace violence against Iranian nurses: A systematic review

Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) in the health care setting has become an important issue in recent years. Researches show that nurses encounter with the highest rate of violence in the workplace. Although numerous studies have been conducted in this area in Iran, however, there is no consensus that reflects the current status and future research needs. The aim of this study was to determine the status of workplace violence against Iranian
Tear Film Break-Up Time: Comparison between Patients using Psychiatric Drugs and Healthy Individuals

Article history: Received: 10 Apr 2013 Accepted: 1 May 2013 Available online: 26 May 2013 ZJRMS 2014 Sep; 16(9): 86-88 Background: Ocular dryness is a well-recognized adverse side effect of many medications. The purpose of this study was to compare tear film stability between psychiatric patients that use lithium carbonate or carbamazepine and normal cases. Materials and Methods: Tear film break up time test was performed in three groups, 30 patients using lithium carbonate, 30 patients using carbamazepine and 30 normal cases. Values of the TBUTs were compared among groups by the independent t-test. Results: Differences between both of patients and control groups were significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results show that these drugs contribute to decrease of tear film break up time. Copyright © 2014 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Post-course outcomes of apprenticeships and traineeships for people with disability in Western Australia

Whilst the literature consistently argues that vocational education and training, including apprenticeships and trainee- ships, contribute to positive employment outcomes for people with disability, little is documented regarding their post-course outcomes, particularly over time. This paper presents a retrospective outcome analysis of 253 apprentices and trainees with dis- ability who were placed and supported by EDGE Employment Solutions (EDGE) between 2000 and 2010. EDGE, established in 1984 as a Disability Employment Service (DES) in Perth, Western Australia, has actively pursued apprenticeships and traineeship for people with disability in Australia since the 1990s. Post-course outcomes, including income, hours worked, and job durability, were analysed and compared with matched pairs of current EDGE registrants with similar socio-demographic characteristics who had not commenced an apprenticeship or traineeship. The retrospective outcome analysis found significantly better post-training outcomes for participants in the "completed" apprenticeship cohort than those achieved by their matched pairs. Improved out- comes were evident in higher hourly wages, more hours worked per week, higher weekly wages, and greater job durability. Better outcomes were also achieved by participants in the "completed" traineeship cohort and "did not complete" apprenticeship cohort. The outcomes for participants in the "did not complete" traineeship cohort did not differ significantly from the comparison group on most outcome measures.
Factors associated with colonization of S treptococcus pneumoniae among under-fives attending clinic in Mwanza City , Tanzania

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a known cause of severe invasive bacterial infection leading to morbidity and mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Nasopharyngeal colonization of S. pneumoniae is a critical step towards invasive disease progression. The objective of this study was to investigate the magnitude of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae and its associated factors in
Community Based HIV Prevention Intervention in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

Aim. To describe the features and examine effects of community based HIV prevention interventions implemented in developing countries on HIV-related knowledge and self-reported risk behavior. Background. The HIV epidemic has a significant impact on developing countries, increasing the prevalence of HIV among young persons. Community-based HIV prevention interventions have been designed to improve HIV-related knowledge and decrease engagement in risk behavior. Variations in the design and implementation of these interventions have been reported, which may influence their effectiveness. Design. Systematic review. Method. Data were extracted on the characteristics of the study and interventions and effects of the interventions on knowledge and self-report of risk behavior. Results. In total, 10 studies were included in the review. Overall, the results showed variability in theoretical underpinning, dose, and mode of delivery of the interventions. Multicomponent interventions that used mixed teaching methods produced beneficial effects on knowledge and self-reported risk behavior. Conclusion. Examining the characteristics of HIV-prevention interventions provides direction for researchers in developing efficient interventions to improve knowledge and reduce engagement in self-reported risk behavior and, in turn, decrease transmission of HIV.
Postbiopsy Arteriovenous Fistula in Renal Transplant: Two Cases of Spontaneous Resolution

Spontaneous outcomes of percutaneous biopsy-related arteriovenous fistulas in renal allografts instead of embolization are reported by describing two cases of postbiopsy arteriovenous fistula followed by color Doppler sonography (CDS). One patient developed gross hematuria, but no intervention was required. Doppler application showed spontaneous resolution in both cases but later in the patient with hematuria. Both cases support close observation, including CDS, as another alternative to early embolization.
Base of a Research: Good Clinical Practice in Clinical Trials

This article illustrates the importance of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), defines and outlines the goals of GCP, presents a historical perspective on GCP and Outlines FDA regulations relating to GCP. Ongoing research shows that whether conducting research involving a new drug, a behavioral intervention, or an interview/survey, Good Clinical Practice (GCP) provides investigators and their study teams with the tools to protect human subjects and collect quality data. In this article, the author will define GCP, explain the benefits of following GCP for all types of human research and clinical trial studies, and provide some resources to assist investigators in implementing the tenets of GCP for their own research studies. This article reviews the impact of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) on clinical trials. GCP is likely to follow the International Conference on Harmonization of GCP guidelines in many aspects. GCP will enforce tighter guidelines on ethical aspects of a clinical study. Higher standards will be required in terms of comprehensive documentation for the clinical protocol, record keeping, training, and facilities including computers. Quality assurance and inspections will ensure that these standards are achieved. The additional requirements of GCP are discussed and any advantage to the study subject. GCP aims to ensure that the studies are scientifically authentic and that the clinical properties of the investigational product are properly documented. In this paper, we address the background history and the events that led up to the formation of these guidelines. Today, the GCP are used in clinical trials throughout the globe with the main aim of protecting and preserving human rights.
Efficient scalar product protocol and its privacy-preserving application

Scalar product protocol aims at securely computing the dot product of two private vectors. As a basic tool, the protocol has been widely used in privacy preserving distributed collaborative computations. In this paper, at the expense of disclosing partial sum of some private data, we propose a linearly efficient even-dimension scalar product protocol EDSPP without employing expensive homomorphic crypto-system and any third party. The correctness and security of EDSPP are confirmed by theoretical analysis. In comparison with six most frequently-used schemes of scalar product protocol to the best of our knowledge, the new scheme is the most efficient one, and it has good fairness. Simulated experiment results intuitively indicate the good performance of our scheme. Consequently, in the situations where divulging very limited information about private data is acceptable, EDSPP is an extremely competitive candidate secure primitive to achieve practical schemes of privacy preserving distributed cooperative computations. We also discuss the application of EDSPP, and present a secure distance comparison protocol based on EDSPP, which can be used in many privacy-preserving computations, such as privacy-preserving k-nearest neighbours computation. Additionally, a hybrid scheme is put forward to securely compute the scalar product of arbitrary-length private vectors.
Combined use of cytokines, hormones and therapeutic vaccines during effective antiretroviral therapy

Immune-based therapies using vaccines, cytokines and hormones are being considered in the context of effective antiretroviral therapy to induce immunologically defined long-term nonprogressor status in chronically infected HIV-1 patients. Such immunotherapy must allow induction or regeneration of anti-HIV-1 immune responses with the potential to control viremia, activate and eradicate viral reservoirs, and alleviate the immunosuppression caused by HIV-1, eventually possibly reaching the status of a virologically defined ‘elite controller’ with an absence of detectable viremia and no progression to disease over a long period of time. This article summarizes pilot studies utilizing therapeutic vaccines, cytokines and/or hormones in treated HIV-1 infection, and focuses on novel agents and immunotherapeutic options that may have the potential to augment or replace existing antiretroviral therapy with the aim of inducing nonprogressor status in the infected host.
Patient and practitioner perspectives on postoperative pain control in Kumasi, Ghana

Abstract Objective: The treatment of pain has gained momentum in health care around the world. Nevertheless, pain is undertreated, particularly in the developing world. We sought to compare patient and healthcare practitioner perspectives of postoperative pain and assess perioperative analgesia utilisation in a tertiary care hospital in a resource-limited setting. Design: We conducted a prospective observational study. Setting and subjects: Postoperative patients and their respective recovery room nurses were studied at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. Outcome measures: Patients were surveyed 1–4 hours postoperatively. Pain severity on a numerical rating scale (NRS) and patient satisfaction with the pain control were assessed. Recovery room nurses who were responsible for administering the pain medications were surveyed on their perceptions of their patients' pain. Patient demographic information, diagnoses, surgery type, mode of anaesthesia and perioperative analgesia use were recorded. Results: One hundred and four patients aged 42.1 years ± 17.8 were interviewed over an eight-week period in 2010. Of the 104 patients, 58 (55.8%) underwent general anaesthesia and 39 (37.5%) spinal anaesthesia. Seventy-eight patients (75%) received intraoperative analgesia. Eighty-nine patients (86.5%) were prescribed postoperative analgesia. Only 27 (26%) had received any analgesia by the time they were surveyed. All postoperative analgesia was administered intramuscularly. Thirty-six patients (34.6%) rated their pain as severe (NRS 7–10). Overall, nurses perceived patients' pain to be lower than patients' own rating [a mean difference 1.26 units, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–1.95, p-value < 0.001]. Patients were 2.77 times as likely to rate their pain as severe compared to nurses (relative risk: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.56–4.91). Conclusion: There was significant discrepancy in the perception of pain between patients and healthcare providers. Simple pain assessment tools and the early institution of intravenous postoperative analgesia may improve postoperative pain assessment and treatment.
Community Organizations' Involvement In School Safety Planning: Does It Make A Difference In School Violence?

This study examines the relationship between school violence and involvement of community organizations in school safety planning. The study is a secondary analysis of data from the School Survey on Crime and Safety 2003‐ 2004 (U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, 2006). This survey collects data on crime and safety from principals and school administrators in public schools in the United States. The study used a stratified sample of 3,743 regular public schools that were drawn from the Common Core of Data Public School Universe file. Stratified sampling was used to ensure that the selection of schools contained an equivalent percentage most representative of public schools across the nation. Of 3,743 surveys distributed, 2,772 completed surveys were received, yielding a 77.2 percent response rate. Eight variables from this data set were used in measuring the level of community involvement in school safety plans. When looking at community organizations’ involvement in school safety planning and the impact these organizations have on the number of serious violent incidents in school, only the involvement of law enforcement agencies predicted with statistical significance rates of serious violent incidents reported in the school. Involvement of law enforcement was related to a reduced risk of violent incidents.
Guidelines for the safe use of diagnostic ultrasound equipment

Diagnostic ultrasound has an excellent safety record, with no evidence to date for harm arising from human exposure. It is, however, still the responsibility of the person carrying out the ultrasound examination to conduct it in a safe manner. This entails drawing on a good knowledge of the machine settings and their effect on potential bio-effects to control the output of the scanner. Most international professional ultrasound societies regard the giving of guidance for the continued safe use of diagnostic ultrasound to be of sufficiently great importance to have established their own safety committees, giving them the remit of providing advice to the society’s membership on this topic. While most of these committees have drawn up their own separate clinical safety statements, the content of these is, unsurprisingly, generally similar. Few societies, however, have issued application specific guidelines for the conduct of ultrasound examinations, and it is only the British Medical Ultrasound Society (BMUS) that have made detailed recommendations about exposure times. The new BMUS Guidelines for the safe use of diagnostic ultrasound equipment were developed by BMUS’s Safety Committee. Their basis lies in their original guidelines (written in 2000), which introduced recommended maximum times for exposure during obstetric examinations. When first published, this was an innovative move that has since gained widespread acceptance. Two types of safety index can be displayed on the scanner screen, one concerned with potential heating (the thermal index, TI) and the other with mechanical (mainly cavitational) events (the mechanical index, MI). MI is of most concern when microbubble contrast agents are being used. For the majority of ultrasound examinations, especially in obstetrics, it is the potential for inducing a temperature rise that is of most concern on safety grounds. The recommended exposure times are therefore linked with upper limits of TI. The BMUS Committee was concerned that many practitioners had not read, or, if they had, did not remember, the guidelines in their previous incarnation. This new version represents an attempt to render them more ‘user friendly’. The new guidelines have been formulated in three sections:
Knowledge and attitudes about and practices of condom use for reducing HIV infection among Goma University students in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is experiencing increasing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in young adults. This is despite the government’s widespread campaign on HIV/AIDS awareness. In this study, high-risk university students who engage in casual sex, but who have good literacy skills, were surveyed to ascertain whether the education campaigns in the country influenced their condom use practice. This study sought to determine Goman University students’ knowledge and attitudes about and practices of condom use for the purpose of reducing HIV infection. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study, using a self-administered questionnaire, was carried out. The ages of the students varied between 18 and 33. Most of them were men: 111 (80%), 129 (93%) were single, and most participants were Protestants (61, 44%) and Roman Catholics (57, 41%). The majority of participants (137, 99%) knew about condoms, while 132 (96%) were aware that condoms were available from and sold by pharmacies. Seventy-two (52 %) understood that condoms helped to prevent HIV, pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Ninety-four (68%) said that they knew how to use a condom, while 111 (80%) stated that the price of condoms was not a barrier to usage thereof. One hundred and two (74%) suggested that the university should supply students with condoms. Ninety-one (66%) were sexually active and 98 (71%) of participants reported that they had unprotected sex. Condom awareness was high and information was available from varying sources. Condoms were accepted as a means to prevent HIV/AIDS, STIs and pregnancy. Some ethnic groups disapproved of condom use because of religious and cultural beliefs. Consistent use of condoms was low in Goma University students.