Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Social Economic Levels and Anemia Events in Pregnant Women in Glugur Darat Health Center

Background : Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin level in the blood was lower than normal. Anemia diagnosed when the hemoglobin level was <11 gr / dl in the first and third trimesters or <10.5 gr% in the second trimester in pregnant women. WHO stated in 2010 that 40% of the causes of maternal mortality in developing countries were associated with ane­mia in pregnancy. Based on the Riskesdas (Basic Health Research) in 2013, the prevalence of ane­mia in pregnant women in Indonesia was 37.1%. One of the factors that influenced the inciden­ce of anemia in pregnant women was the socio-economic level. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between socio-economic level and the incidence of anemia in preg­nant women at the Glugur Darat Health Center. Subjects and Method: This was an analytical study with a cross sectional approach, conducted at Glugur Darat health center, Medan in 2018. Total 65 pregnant women were selected by consecutive sampling. The independent were the education level, job status, income level. The dependent variable was the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Data obtained by a set of questionnaire. The data analysis was conducted using Chi Square test . Results: As many as 40 pregnant women (61.5%) had anemia and 25 (38.5%) who were not anemic. 34 people (85.0%) among pregnant women with anemia was in the non-risk group, and 22 people in the Multi-gravida group (55.0%), 16 (40.0%) people in the Primipara group, 27 people (67.5%) in Trimester gestational age III. As many as 28 people (70.0%) had secondary education. Based on occupational 31 people (77.5%) was not working, 19 people (47.5%) had medium income. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between the level of education, occupational status, and income level with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Keywords: Education, Employment, Income, Anemia, Pregnant Women. Correspondence: Berliana Noviyanti. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Medan, Sumatra Utara. Email: berliana.noviyanti55@gmail.com. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(6): 48-56 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019. 04.06. 05
Anatomical relationships of the suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches and the scapular bony landmarks in adult Kenyans: a dry bone study

Background: The suprascapular nerve, derived from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus passes through the suprascapular notch into the supraspinous fossa where it supplies the supraspinatus and then through the spinoglenoid notch to gain entry into the infraspinous fossa where it innervates the infraspinatus muscle. The nerve may be compressed at either of these two notches or injured in operations around the shoulder. Knowledge of the location of the nerve in these notches in relation to fixed bony landmarks around the shoulder is important in avoiding iatrogenic injury to the nerve or to locate it for release when it is compressed or for anaesthetic blockade. Objective: To determine the distances between the suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches and fixed bony landmarks in the shoulder i.e the acromion, the supraglenoid tubercle, the posterior edge of the glenoid rim and the tip of the coracoid process. Methods: The distances were measured using digital vernier callipers on dried unpaired adult scapulae that were grossly not deformed. The mean, minimum, maximum and standard deviation of the measurements was obtained. Results: Average distance to the suprascapular notch from the supraglenoid tubercle, anterolateral edge of the acromion and the tip of the coracoid process were 31.2mm, 65.6mm and 45.7mm respectively. Average distance to the spinoglenoid from the posterior glenoid rim was 16.3mm. Conclusion: Comparison with other populations shows variability in these distances. In order not to imperil the suprascapular nerve in the suprascapular incisure, a safe distance of less than 25.5mm from the supraglenoid tubercle should be observed. In the spinoglenoid notch, a safe distance of less than 13.1mm from the edge of the posterior glenoid rim should be maintained. Keywords: Suprascapular nerve, Suprascapular notch, Spinoglenoid notch, Acromion, Coracoid process
Predictive modeling in urgent care: a comparative study of machine learning approaches

Abstract Objective The growing availability of rich clinical data such as patients’ electronic health records provide great opportunities to address a broad range of real-world questions in medicine. At the same time, artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML)-based approaches have shown great premise on extracting insights from those data and helping with various clinical problems. The goal of this study is to conduct a systematic comparative study of different ML algorithms for several predictive modeling problems in urgent care. Design We assess the performance of 4 benchmark prediction tasks (eg mortality and prediction, differential diagnostics, and disease marker discovery) using medical histories, physiological time-series, and demographics data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database. Measurements For each given task, performance was estimated using standard measures including the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve, F-1 score, sensitivity, and specificity. Microaveraged AUC was used for multiclass classification models. Results and Discussion Our results suggest that recurrent neural networks show the most promise in mortality prediction where temporal patterns in physiologic features alone can capture in-hospital mortality risk (AUC > 0.90). Temporal models did not provide additional benefit compared to deep models in differential diagnostics. When comparing the training–testing behaviors of readmission and mortality models, we illustrate that readmission risk may be independent of patient stability at discharge. We also introduce a multiclass prediction scheme for length of stay which preserves sensitivity and AUC with outliers of increasing duration despite decrease in sample size.
Free radicals scavenging activity and reducing power of two Algerian Sahara medicinal plants extracts

The aim of this study is to evaluate antioxidant activity of aqueous (Aq.E) and methanolic (Met.E) extracts of Zygophyllum album L. (Zygophyllaceae) and Arthrophytum scoparium (Chenpodiacea), two medicinal plant from Algerian Sahara used in traditional pharmacopoeia. The results showed that Aq.E have the heights yields 24% and 22.3% for Z. album and A. scoparium respectively. Qualitative analysis of showed that the Met.E of Z. album of had the highest amount of polyphenols (202.26±4.73 μg GAE/mg E) and flavonoids (15.77±0.94 μg QE/mg E). The antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated by 2, 2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay. Results showed that the extracts of A. scoparium. Have the highest free radical scavenger activity in DPPH test (EC50=0.096±0.001 and 0.108±0.002 mg/ml for Met.E and Aq.E respectively). In addition, the results of reducing power assay demonstrated that Met.E of Z. album had the highest effect with 2399.65±12.31 μg ascorbic acid equivalent/mg E.Our results showed that the methanolic extract reported a considerable free radicals scavenging activity and reducing effect, may be due to their richness on polyphenols and flavonoids.
CLASSIFICATION OF SKELETAL AND DENTAL MALOCCLUSION: REVISITED

Introduction: The orthodontic dental classification used datedes for more than 100 years. The skeletal and dental classification of malocclusion has an important role in diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim of this study is to facilitate the grouping of skeletal and dental malrelationships and to build an accurate diagnosis and to suggest treatment planning. Material and method: The main orthodontic classification systems for skeletal and dental relationship were reviewed. Results: The proposed skeletal and dental classification proved detailed accuracy and focus on relating the categories with the suggested treatment planning. The new modification of the skeletal and dental classification explained clearly the occlusal relationship and helped in setting treatment strategies. Conclusions: The present skeletal and dental classification is faster, accurate and easily applicable clinically and dealt with the shortcoming of the previous classification systems. It also helped in the suggestion of orthodontic treatment protocols.
A Comparison of the Direct Cerebral Vasodilating Potencies of Halothane and Isoflurane in the New Zealand White Rabbit

Halothane is commonly viewed as a more potent cerebral vasodilator than isoflurane. It was speculated that the lesser vasodilation caused by isoflurane might be the result of the greater reduction in cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) that it causes, and that the relative vasodilating potencies of halothane and isoflurane would be similar if the two agents were administered in a situation that precluded volatile-agent-induced depression of CMR. To test this hypothesis, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMR01) were measured in two groups of rabbits before and after the administration of 0.75 MAC halothane or isoflurane. One group received a background anesthetic of morphine and N2O, which resulted in an initial CMR01 of 3.21 ± 0.17 (SEM) ml · 100 g−1 · min−1; second group received a background anesthetic of high-dose pentobarbital, which resulted in an initial CMR01 of 1.76 ± 0.16 ml · 100 g−1 · min−1. In rabbits receiving a background of morphine sulfate/ N2O, halothane resulted in a significantly greater CBF (65 ± 10 ml · 100 g−1 · min−1) than did isoflurane (40 ± 5 ml · 100 g−1 · min−1). Both agents caused a reduction in CMRO1, but CMRO1 was significantly less during isoflurane administration. By contrast, with a background of pentobarbital anesthesia, CBF increased by significant and similar amounts with both halothane and isoflurane. With halothane, CBF increased from 22 ± 2 ml · 100 g−1 · min−1 in the control state to 39 ± 3, and with isoflurane from 24 ± 2 to 38 ± 2 ml · 100 g−1 · min−1. CMR01 was not depressed further by either halothane or isoflurane. These results suggest that the relative effects of halothane and isoflurane on CBF are dependent on the CMR present prior to their administration. When the preexistent CMR is not markedly depressed, isoflurane decreases CMR and causes less cerebral vasodilation than does halothane. When initial CMR is depressed, halothane and isoflurane have similar vasodilating potencies.
Improved 2D-to-3D video conversion by fusing optical flow analysis and scene depth learning

Automatic 2D-to-3D conversion aims to reduce the existing gap between the scarce 3D content and the incremental amount of displays that can reproduce this 3D content. Here, we present an automatic 2D-to-3D conversion algorithm that extends the functionality of the most of the existing machine learning based conversion approaches to deal with moving objects in the scene, and not only with static backgrounds. Under the assumption that images with a high similarity in color have likely a similar 3D structure, the depth of a query video sequence is inferred from a color + depth training database. First, a depth estimation for the background of each image of the query video is computed adaptively by combining the depths of the most similar images to the query ones. Then, the use of optical flow enhances the depth estimation of the different moving objects in the foreground. Promising results have been obtained in a public and widely used database.
Autism spectrum disorders gait identification using ground reaction forces

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a permanent neurodevelopmental disorder that can be identified during the first few years of life and are currently associated with the abnormal walking pattern. Earlier identification of this pervasive disorder could provide assistance in diagnosis and establish rapid quantitative clinical judgment. This paper presents an automated approach which can be applied to identify ASD gait patterns using three-dimensional (3D) ground reaction forces (GRF). The study involved classification of gait patterns of children with ASD and typical healthy children. The GRF data were obtained using two force plates during self-determined barefoot walking. Time-series parameterization techniques were applied to the GRF waveforms to extract the important gait features. The most dominant and correct features for characterizing ASD gait were selected using statistical between-group tests and stepwise discriminant analysis (SWDA). The selected features were grouped into two groups which served as two input datasets to the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. This study demonstrates that the 3D GRF gait features selected using SWDA are reliable to be used in the identification of ASD gait using KNN classifier with 83.33% performance accuracy.
Missed opportunities for early infant diagnosis of HIV in rural North-Central Nigeria: A cascade analysis from the INSPIRE MoMent study

Background Early identification of HIV-infected infants for treatment is critical for survival. Efficient uptake of early infant diagnosis (EID) requires timely presentation of HIV-exposed infants, same-day sample collection, and prompt release of results. The MoMent (Mother Mentor) Nigeria study investigated the impact of structured peer support on EID presentation and maternal retention. This cascade analysis highlights missed opportunities for EID and infant treatment initiation during the study. Methods HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants were recruited at 20 rural Primary Healthcare Centers. Routine infant HIV DNA PCR testing was performed at centralized laboratories using dried blood spot (DBS) samples ideally collected by age two months. EID outcomes data were abstracted from study case report forms and facility registers. Descriptive statistics summarized gaps and missed opportunities in the EID cascade. Results Out of 497 women enrolled, delivery data was available for 445 (90.8%), to whom 415 of 455 (91.2%) infants were live-born. Out of 408 live-born infants with available data, 341 (83.6%) presented for DBS sampling at least once. Only 75.4% (257/341) were sampled, with 81.7% (210/257) sampled at first presentation. Only 199/257 (77.4%) sampled infants had results available up to 28 months post-collection. Two (1.0%) of the 199 infants tested HIV-positive; one infant died before treatment initiation and the other was lost to follow-up. Conclusions While nearly 85% of infants presented for sampling, there were multiple missed opportunities, largely due to health system and not necessarily patient-level failures. These included infants presenting without being sampled, presenting multiple times before samples were collected, and getting sampled but results not forthcoming. Finally, neither of the two HIV-positive infants were linked to treatment within the follow-up period, which may have led to the death of one. To facilitate patient compliance and HIV-free infant survival, quality improvement approaches should be optimized for EID commodity availability, consistent DBS sample collection, efficient processing/result release, and prompt infant treatment initiation.
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: implications of germline mutation investigation for treatment, screening, and surveillance

ABSTRACT Objective Paraganglioma (PGL) and pheochromocytoma (PCC) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that were considered to be predominantly sporadic. However, with the identification of novel susceptibility genes over the last decade, it is currently estimated that up to 40% of cases can occur in the context of a hereditary syndrome. We aimed to characterize PGL/PCC families to exemplify the different scenarios in which hereditary syndromes can be suspected and to emphasize the importance for patients and their families of making an opportune genetic diagnosis. Materials and methods Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with PGL/PCC. Germline mutations were studied using next-generation sequencing panels including SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD. Clinical data were collected from clinical records, and all patients received genetic counseling. Results We describe 4 families with PGL/PCC and germline mutations in SDH complex genes. 2 families have SDHB mutations and 2 SDHD mutations. The clinical presentation of the patients and their families was heterogeneous, with some being atypical according to the literature. Conclusions PGL/PCC are more commonly associated with a germline mutation than any other cancer type, therefore, all individuals with these types of tumors should undergo genetic risk evaluation. NGS multigene panel testing is a cost-effective approach given the overlapping phenotypes. Individuals with germline mutations associated with PGL/PCC should undergo lifelong clinical, biochemical and imaging surveillance and their families should undergo genetic counseling. For all these reasons, it is critical that all medical staff can suspect and diagnose these inherited cancer predisposition syndromes.
Periodontal effects and survival rates of different mandibular retainers: comparison of bonding technique and wire thickness.

OBJECTIVES This non-randomized prospective cohort study aimed to compare the periodontal effects and success rates of mandibular canine-to-canine fixed retainers having different bonding techniques and wire thicknesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred patients requiring retention after orthodontic treatment were assigned to five study groups (n = 20 in each group, 61 females/39 males, median age range 16.5-18.0 years). Retention was provided by 0.0215"/direct, 0.0215"/indirect, 0.0175"/direct, 0.0175"/indirect bonded multistranded wires and removable Essix appliances. The primary and secondary outcomes were periodontal effects and success rates. The patients were examined in 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months follow-up appointments. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, marginal recession, bleeding on probing, failure rate per retainer wire and survival of retainer wires were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis H, Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the fixed retainer (FR) and Essix (E) groups in gingival index scores at 1 month [mean FR: 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81-1.44), mean E: 0.40 (95% CI: 0.14-0.69), mean difference: 0.73, P < 0.01], 3 months [mean FR: 0.97/1.01 (95% CI: 0.65-1.30/0.72-1.30), mean E: 0.52 (95% CI: 0.25-0.82), mean differences: 0.45/0.49, P < 0.05], 6 months [mean FR: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.62-1.27), mean E: 0.35 (95% CI: 0.15-0.58), mean difference: 0.59, P < 0.05] and in bleeding on probing scores at 1 month [mean FR: 3.05 (95% CI: 2.12-3.98), mean E: 1.15 (95% CI: 0.42-1.88), mean difference: 1.90, P < 0.01]. The survival rates of retainer wires were 85 per cent for the 0.0215" direct/indirect and 90 per cent for the 0.0175" direct/indirect groups for the 6 months follow-up. LIMITATIONS Six months follow-up period, which demonstrates only short-term outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The periodontal outcomes or survival rates of mandibular fixed retainers were not affected by bonding technique or wire thickness, whereas gingival health improved with Essix retainers but not with fixed retainers.
Interactions between renal vascular resistance and endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization in hypertensive rats in vivo

Endothelium derived signaling mechanisms play an important role in regulating vascular tone and endothelial dysfunction is often found in hypertension. Endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization (EDH) plays a significant role in smaller renal arteries and arterioles, but its significance in vivo in hypertension is unresolved. The aim of this study was to characterize the EDH‐induced renal vasodilation in normotensive and hypertensive rats during acute intrarenal infusion of ACh. Our hypothesis was that the increased renal vascular resistance (RVR) found early in hypertension would significantly correlate with reduced EDH‐induced vasodilation. In isoflurane‐anesthetized 12‐week‐old normo‐ and hypertensive rats blood pressure and renal blood flow (RBF) was measured continuously. RBF responses to acute intrarenal ACh infusions were measured before and after inhibition of NO and prostacyclin. Additionally, RVR was decreased or increased using inhibition or activation of adrenergic receptors or by use of papaverine and angiotensin II. Intrarenal infusion of ACh elicited a larger increase in RBF in hypertensive rats compared to normotensive rats suggesting that endothelial dysfunction is not present in 12‐week‐old hypertensive rats. The EDH‐induced renal vasodilation (after inhibition of NO and prostacyclin) was similar between normo‐ and hypertensive rats. Reducing RVR by inhibition of α1‐adrenergic receptors significantly increased the renal EDH response in hypertensive rats, but a similar increase was found after activating α‐adrenergic receptors using norepinephrine. The results show that renal EDH is present and functional in 12‐week‐old normo‐ and hypertensive rats. Interestingly, both activation and inactivation of α1‐adrenergic receptors elicited an increase in the renal EDH‐induced vasodilation.
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Risk Complications among Koreans

There is an increasing number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients worldwide, and there is no exception in South Korea. The risk complications of metabolic syndrome have been investigated by many previous research studies, while no data on any current trends of MetS are available. Therefore, the present study investigates the recent prevalence of MetS and its associated risk complications in Korean adults by using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The Survey respondents (n = 4744) were adults over the age of 30, and they had participated in KNHANES 2016, which is a health survey of a national representative sample of non-institutionalized civilian South Koreans. The cross-tabulation analysis was applied to figure out the general characteristics impacting on the prevalence of MetS; furthermore, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariate logistic regression analysis were presented for the risk complications of MetS. Findings from this study indicated that subjective health status, family structure, age, income level, use of nutrition labelling and gender showed significant connections with the prevalence of MetS. The risk diseases, stroke (OR = 2.174, 95% CI = 1.377–3.433, p < 0.01), myocardial infarction (MI) (OR = 2.667, 95% CI = 1.474–4.824, p < 0.01) and diabetes (OR = 6.533, 95% CI = 4.963, p < 0.001) were explored and verified attributable to the prevalence of MetS. The findings in this study suggest that sociodemographic characteristics-concentrated strategies are vital to prevent the prevalence of MetS in South Korea, and relative risk complications ought to be cautiously dealt with as well.
Morphine and HIV-1 gp120 cooperatively promote pathogenesis in the spinal pain neural circuit

Opioids are common analgesics for pain relief in HIV patients. Ironically, emerging clinical data indicate that repeated use of opioid analgesics in fact leads to a heightened chronic pain state. To understand the underlying pathogenic mechanism, we generated a mouse model to study the interactive effect of morphine and HIV-1 gp120 on pain pathogenesis. We simulated chronic pain in the model by showing that repeated morphine administrations potentiated HIV-1 intrathecal gp120-induced pain. Several spinal cellular and molecular pathologies that are implicated in the development of HIV-associated pain are exacerbated by morphine, including astroglial activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and Wnt5a signaling. We further demonstrated that inhibition of Wnt5a not only reversed the glial activation and cytokine upregulation but also the exacerbation of gp120-induced pain. These studies establish a mouse model for the opioid exacerbation of HIV-associated pain and reveal potential cellular and molecular mechanisms by which morphine enhances the pain.