Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERM: a Model of E-Commerce Adoption in Developing Countries

A growing volume of literature proclaims the benefits of e-commerce for developing countries. However, unless business organizations in developing countries incorporate e-commerce into their operations, the benefits will not appear. Also lacking are models through which to discuss e-commerce adoption in developing countries. This paper proposes such a model called the perceived eReadiness model (PERM). The model posits that an organization(cid:146)s perceptions of its internal (POER) and external (PEER) eReadiness influence both the initial adoption and the subsequent maturity of e-commerce
Influence of social motivation, self-perception of social efficacy and normative adjustment in the peer setting.

BACKGROUND The first objective of this study was to adapt and test the psychometric properties of the Social Achievement Goal Scale (Ryan & Shim, 2006) in Spanish adolescent students. The second objective sought to analyse the influence of social goals, normative adjustment and self-perception of social efficacy on social adjustment among peers. METHOD A total of 492 adolescents (54.1% females) attending secondary school (12-17 years; M = 13.8, SD = 1.16) participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were performed. RESULTS The validation confirmed the three-factor structure of the original scale: social development goals, social demonstration-approach goals and social demonstration-avoidance goals. The structural equation model indicated that social development goals and normative adjustment have a direct bearing on social adjustment, whereas the social demonstration-approach goals (popularity) and self-perception of social efficacy with peers and teachers exert an indirect influence. CONCLUSIONS The Spanish version of the Social Achievement Goal Scale (Ryan & Shim, 2006) yielded optimal psychometric properties. Having a positive motivational pattern, engaging in norm-adjusted behaviours and perceiving social efficacy with peers is essential to improving the quality of interpersonal relationships.
Alpha-difluoromethylornithine and polyamine levels in the human prostate: results of a phase IIa trial.

α-Diuoromethylornithine and Polyamine Levels in the Human Prostate: Results of a Phase IIa Trial Anne R. Simoneau  ; Eugene W. Gerner; Mai Phung; Christine E. McLaren; Frank L. Meyskens, Jr. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst (2001) 93 (1): 57-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/93.1. 57 Published: 03 January 2001 Article history   Views  Cite  Share  Tools Topic: polyamines , prostate , difluoromethylornithine Issue Section: Brief Communication Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the United States (1). As such, the prevention of prostate cancer is of national medical concern. One approach to prevention of prostate cancer is to suppress the polyamine levels in the prostate, an avenue suggested by studies indicating that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the ~rst enzyme in the polyamine pathway, is overexpressed in human prostate cancer tissue (2) and is the target enzyme for α-diuoromethylornithine (DFMO). This inhibitor suppresses tissue contents of polyamines, which are required for optimal cell proliferation and di{erentiation. Elevated levels of polyamine are associated with several malignant or premalignant lesions (3–5). Prostate cancer seems a logical organ system for DFMO chemoprevention, since ODC activity and polyamine content are higher in prostatic tissue than in other mammalian tissues (6). Also, investigators (7–10) have demonstrated marked polyamine suppression by DFMO in rodent prostates and prostate cell lines. Mohan et al. (2) measured ODC activity in benign and malignant Skip to Main from Content tissues the same patient and found the cancerous portion to have levels almost
Look 'Ma, No Hands: Part-Task Training of Perceptual-Cognitive Skills to Accelerate Psychomotor Expertise

Emerging sports science research reveals that expert performance in rapid and reactive skills such as baseball batting, return-of-serve in tennis, and goalie play in hockey and soccer is based on superior perceptual-cognitive skills that allow a competitor to perceive predictive cues in an opponent's actions. Situational decision-making, such as the pass/dribble/shoot decision of soccer or basketball players and the run/pass recognition of football linebackers, also relies on perceptual-cognitive skills. Sports science researchers have developed video-occlusion as a method for isolating and measuring perceptual-cognitive skills separate from psychomotor execution of the skills. Using an expert-novice research paradigm, athletes of varying skill levels are shown point-of-view video clips of an opponent executing an action. Clips are occluded, or masked, to reveal expert advantage in identifying and predicting the actions of the video opponent. In spatial occlusion portions of the video display are masked to study where experts look to pick up predictive information. In temporal occlusion the video display is cut off at various points during playback to study when experts pick up predictive information. Some researchers, including the author, have repurposed the video-occlusion method in order to systematically train sport-specific perceptualcognitive skills. Training-based studies show that perceptual-cognitive skills can be improved through video-occlusion training and, further, that performance of the full sport skill can be improved. The implication for training of complex psychomotor skills in military contexts (e.g., vehicle operation, use-offorce, emergency response) is that perceptual-cognitive component skills associated with expert performance can be identified, isolated, and trained using video-occlusion methods that are less expensive and more portable than high-fidelity simulator-based training.
RECOGNISING INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE

Interstitial lung disease is the collective name given to over 200 different types of parenchymal lung disorders (Demedts et al, 2001) (these are disorders that affect the functioning parts of an organ — in this case the lungs — as opposed to the structural elements, such as connective tissue etc). They are different from the more common respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in that they affect the alveoli, small airways, interstitium and surrounding capillary circulation. Interstitial lung disease causes scarring, which makes it difficult for oxygen to diffuse into the circulating blood, resulting in breathlessness.
Monte Carlo simulations to assess the effects of tube current modulation on breast dose for multidetector CT

Tube current modulation was designed to reduce radiation dose in CT imaging while maintaining overall image quality. This study aims to develop a method for evaluating the effects of tube current modulation (TCM) on organ dose in CT exams of actual patient anatomy. This method was validated by simulating a TCM and a fixed tube current chest CT exam on 30 voxelized patient models and estimating the radiation dose to each patient's glandular breast tissue. This new method for estimating organ dose was compared with other conventional estimates of dose reduction. Thirty detailed voxelized models of patient anatomy were created based on image data from female patients who had previously undergone clinically indicated CT scans including the chest area. As an indicator of patient size, the perimeter of the patient was measured on the image containing at least one nipple using a semi-automated technique. The breasts were contoured on each image set by a radiologist and glandular tissue was semi-automatically segmented from this region. Previously validated Monte Carlo models of two multidetector CT scanners were used, taking into account details about the source spectra, filtration, collimation and geometry of the scanner. TCM data were obtained from each patient's clinical scan and factored into the model to simulate the effects of TCM. For each patient model, two exams were simulated: a fixed tube current chest CT and a tube current modulated chest CT. X-ray photons were transported through the anatomy of the voxelized patient models, and radiation dose was tallied in the glandular breast tissue. The resulting doses from the tube current modulated simulations were compared to the results obtained from simulations performed using a fixed mA value. The average radiation dose to the glandular breast tissue from a fixed tube current scan across all patient models was 19 mGy. The average reduction in breast dose using the tube current modulated scan was 17%. Results were size dependent with smaller patients getting better dose reduction (up to 64% reduction) and larger patients getting a smaller reduction, and in some cases the dose actually increased when using tube current modulation (up to 41% increase). The results indicate that radiation dose to glandular breast tissue generally decreases with the use of tube current modulated CT acquisition, but that patient size (and in some cases patient positioning) may affect dose reduction.
The Quantitative Nature of a Visual Task Differentiates between Ventral and Dorsal Stream

The aim of the present positron emission tomography (PET) study was to investigate how visual processing in dorsal and ventral streams depends on the quantitative nature of the task. In the samedifferent task, participants identified the presence of an orientation difference between two gratings, presented centrally in succession. In the quantification task, participants estimated the magnitude of the difference and compared it to a fixed standard. Detection of dimming of the fixation point was used as a control task. Visual input, motor responses, and performance were equated across tasks. Subtracting same different from quantification yielded significant activation in the left superior parietal lobule and left ventral premotor cortex, consistent with results obtained in number-processing tasks. The reverse subtraction yielded activation in the right inferior temporal gyrus, in agreement with earlier results. These results demonstrate that a single attribute can be processed either in the ventral or dorsal stream, depending on the cognitive operations required by the tasks.
ANTIGENOTOXIC CAPACITY OF PAPAVER RHOEAS L. EXTRACT

Application of exogenic bioactive natural plant compounds with protective, anti-mutagenic and anti-genotoxic effects against various chemical and physical agents is one of the modern approaches for reduction of the mutagenic burden of cells. Objective: The present study aims to provide data on the cytoxic and genotoxic effects of Papaver rhoeas L. water leaf extract and its anti-cytotoxic and anti-genotoxic potential against the radiomimetic zeocin in two types of test-systems - Hordeum vulgare and human lymphocytes in vitro. Methods: Mitotic index (MI) was used as an endpoint for cytotoxicity, the frequency of chromosome aberrations (MwA) and the number of induced micronuclei (MN) - as endpoints for genotoxicity/clastogenicity. Formation of aberration „hot spots” was also used as an indicator for genotoxicity in Hordeum vulgare. Results: Our results show that Papaver rhoeas L. leaf extract has weak cytotoxic and genotoxic effects depending on the concentrations. Human lymphocytes are more sensitive than Hordeum vulgare. By applying two types of experimental designs with split treatment we found that Papaver rhoeas L. leaf extract possesses anti-cytotoxic and anti-genotoxic potential against the oxidative stress induced by the radiomimetic zeocin in both test-systems. The effect is more pronounced in schemes with experimental design 2 (with 4 hours inter-treatment time between treatments) which may indicate induction of adaptive response (AR). Conclusion: The obtained data suggest that Papaver rhoeas L. leaf extract is a promising anti-mutagen/anti-clastogen with potential for phytotherapy.
A distributed Kalman filter with global covariance

Most distributed Kalman filtering (DKF) algorithms for sensor networks calculate a local estimate of the global state-vector in each node. An important challenge within distributed estimation is that all sensors in the network contribute to the local estimate in each node. In this paper, a novel DKF algorithm is proposed with the goal of attaining the above property, which is denoted as global covariance. In the considered DKF set-up each node performs two steps iteratively, i.e., it runs a standard Kalman Alter using local measurements and then fuses the resulting estimates with the ones received from its neighboring nodes. The distinguishing aspect of this set-up is a novel state-fusion method, i.e., ellipsoidal intersection (EI). The main contribution consists of a proof that the proposed DKF algorithm, in combination with EI for state-fusion, enjoys the desired property under similar conditions that should hold for observability of standard Kalman filters. The advantages of developed DKF with respect to alternative DKF algorithms are illustrated for a benchmark example of cooperative adaptive cruise control.
Cervical Artery Dissection in Young Adults in the Stroke in Young Fabry Patients (sifap1) Study

Background: Patients with carotid artery dissection (CAD) have been reported to have different vascular risk factor profiles and clinical outcomes to those with vertebral artery dissection (VAD). However, there are limited data from recent, large international studies comparing risk factors and clinical features in patients with cervical artery dissection (CeAD) with other TIA or ischemic stroke (IS) patients of similar age and sex. Methods: We analysed demographic, clinical and risk factor profiles in TIA and IS patients ≤55 years of age with and without CeAD in the large European, multi-centre, Stroke In young FAbry Patients 1 (sifap1) study. Patients were further categorised according to age (younger: 18-44 years; middle-aged: 45-55 years), sex, and site of dissection. Results: Data on the presence of dissection were available in 4,208 TIA and IS patients of whom 439 (10.4%) had CeAD: 196 (50.1%) had CAD, 195 (49.9%) had VAD, and 48 had multiple artery dissections or no information regarding the dissected artery. The prevalence of CAD was higher in women than in men (5.9 vs. 3.8%, p < 0.01), whereas the prevalence of VAD was similar in women and men (4.6 vs. 4.7%, n.s.). Patients with VAD were younger than patients with CAD (median = 41 years (IQR = 35-47 years) versus median = 45 years (IQR = 39-49 years); p < 0.01). At stroke onset, about twice as many patients with either CAD (54.0 vs. 23.1%, p < 0.001) or VAD (63.4 vs. 36.6%, p < 0.001) had headache than patients without CeAD and stroke in the anterior or posterior circulation, respectively. Compared to patients without CeAD, hypertension, concomitant cardiovascular diseases and a patent foramen ovale were significantly less prevalent in both CAD and VAD patients, whereas tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, obesity and a family history of cerebrovascular diseases were found less frequently in CAD patients, but not in VAD patients. A history of migraine was observed at a similar frequency in patients with CAD (31%), VAD (27.8%) and in those without CeAD (25.8%). Conclusions: We identified clinical features and risk factor profiles that are specific to young patients with CeAD, and to subgroups with either CAD or VAD compared to patients without CeAD. Therefore, our data support the concept that certain vascular risk factors differentially affect the risk of CAD and VAD.
Operational Strategies and Organizational Structures in Family Service Agencies

The author reports on the strategies and structures used by family service agencies. Niche theory informed the hypothesis that size differences among these family service organizations would be associated with programmatic and financial specialties. Results indicated that the largest organizations moved out of the traditional niche for family service agencies. The organizations did not use a particular financial or program strategy to enhance financial and program structure. Rather, different strategies had differential effects upon either the program or financial structures. Most strategies had a deleterious effect upon structures.
Upscaling of a tri-phase phase-field model for precipitation in porous media

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Natural Patterns of Change in Poststroke Depressive Symptoms and Function

The objective of this study was to evaluate patterns of change in depressive symptoms and function in ischemic stroke patients 0 to 3 months poststroke. Twenty-three newly diagnosed ischemic stroke patients were enrolled in a study with nonrandomized prospective longitudinal design to assess function and depressive symptoms on admission, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months poststroke in a tertiary care acute rehabilitation center in the Midwest. Participants’ mean age was (69 ± 11.9), Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE ≥ 23), and NIH Stroke Scale (M = 2.8, SD =±2.3), and thus cognitively intact. Results suggest that the dominant pattern emerging for function (Functional Independence Measure) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) showed significant improvement relative to baseline at 2 weeks poststroke and reached a plateau thereafter. The results may suggest that as stroke survivors gain independence in accomplishing activities of daily living, their moods improve as well.
Banking Regulation with Risk of Sovereign Default

Banking regulation routinely designates some assets as safe and thus does not require banks to hold any additional capital to protect against losses from these assets. A typical such safe asset is domestic government debt. There are numerous examples of banking regulation treating domestic government bonds as ? safe,? even when there is clear risk of default on these bonds. We show, in a parsimonious model, that this failure to recognize the riskiness of government debt allows (and induces) domestic banks to ? gamble? with depositors? funds by purchasing risky government bonds (and assets closely correlated with them). A sovereign default in this environment then results in a banking crisis. Critically, we show that permitting banks to gamble this way lowers the cost of borrowing for the government. Thus, if the borrower and the regulator are the same entity (the government), that entity has an incentive to ignore the riskiness of the sovereign bonds. We present empirical evidence in support of the key mechanism we are highlighting, drawing on the experience of Russia in the run-up to its 1998 default and on the recent Eurozone debt crisis.
Learning Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for X-Ray Protein Crystallization Image Analysis

Obtaining a protein's 3D structure is crucial to the understanding of its functions and interactions with other proteins. It is critical to accelerate the protein crystallization process with improved accuracy for understanding cancer and designing drugs. Systematic high-throughput approaches in protein crystallization have been widely applied, generating a large number of protein crystallization-trial images. Therefore, an efficient and effective automatic analysis for these images is a top priority. In this paper, we present a novel system, CrystalNet, for automatically labeling outcomes of protein crystallization-trial images. CrystalNet is a deep convolutional neural network that automatically extracts features from X-ray protein crystallization images for classification. We show that (1) CrystalNet can provide real-time labels for crystallization images effectively, requiring approximately 2 seconds to provide labels for all 1536 images of crystallization microassay on each plate; (2) compared with the state-of-the-art classification systems in crystallization image analysis, our technique demonstrates an improvement of 8% in accuracy, and achieve 90.8% accuracy in classification. As a part of the high-throughput pipeline which generates millions of images a year, CrystalNet can lead to a substantial reduction of labor-intensive screening.
Neural Scoring Function for MST Parser

Continuous word representations appeared to be a useful feature in many natural language processing tasks. Using fixed-dimension pre-trained word embeddings allows avoiding sparse bag-of-words representation and to train models with fewer parameters. In this paper, we use fixed pre-trained word embeddings as additional features for a neural scoring function in the MST parser. With the multi-layer architecture of the scoring function we can avoid handcrafting feature conjunctions. The continuous word representations on the input also allow us to reduce the number of lexical features, make the parser more robust to out-of-vocabulary words, and reduce the total number of parameters of the model. Although its accuracy stays below the state of the art, the model size is substantially smaller than with the standard features set. Moreover, it performs well for languages where only a smaller treebank is available and the results promise to be useful in cross-lingual parsing.
Anxiety Specific Pathways to HIV Sexual Transmission Risk Behavior Among Young Gay and Bisexual Men

This study evaluated whether specific anxiety disorders increased the likelihood of sexual transmission risk behavior (TRB) in younger (ages 20–29) versus older (ages 30+) HIV positive gay and bisexual men. Participants completed screening measures for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Social Phobia, and Panic Disorder, and an assessment of recent TRB. Moderated regression analyses indicated that PTSD was associated with greater risk of TRB in younger but not older men, independent of HIV disease stage or treatment status. Efficacy of secondary HIV prevention efforts for younger men may be augmented by addressing the context of trauma history and consequent mental health issues.