Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privileged but pressured? A study of affluent youth.

The purpose of this study was to build on preliminary findings of unusually high internalizing symptoms and substance use among suburban high school students. The sample consisted of 302 sixth- and seventh-grade students in an affluent, suburban community. Findings corroborated expectations regarding several domains of vulnerability, showing (1) high rates of clinically significant depressive symptoms among older girls, (2) significant links between various internalizing symptoms and substance use among both boys and girls, and (3) peers' approval of substance use among older boys. In exploring potential causes of distress in this suburban sample, associations were found for achievement pressures (particularly excessive perfectionistic strivings), and isolation from parents (particularly low perceived closeness to mothers). Findings of this study are discussed in terms of widespread stereotypes about affluent families, as well as implications for future research and preventive interventions for a subgroup of youth typically viewed as being at "low risk. "
Beamforming Design for Wireless Information and Power Transfer Systems: Receive Power-Splitting vs Transmit Time-Switching

—Information and energy can be transferred over the same radio-frequency channel. In the power-splitting (PS) mode, they are simultaneously transmitted using the same signal by the base station (BS) and later separated at the user (UE)’s receiver by a power splitter. In the time-switching (TS) mode, they are either transmitted separately in time by the BS or received separately in time by the UE. In this paper, the BS transmit beamformers are jointly designed with either the receive PS ratios or the transmit TS ratios in a multicell network that implements wireless information and power transfer (WIPT). Imposing UE harvested energy constraints, the design objectives include (i) maximizing the minimum UE rate under the BS transmit power constraint, and (ii) minimizing the maximum BS transmit power under the UE data rate constraint. New iterative algorithms of low computational complexity are proposed to efﬁciently solve the formulated difﬁcult nonconvex optimization problems, where each iteration either solves one simple convex quadratic program or one simple second-order-cone-program. Simulation results show that these algorithms converge quickly after only a few iterations. Notably, the transmit TS-based WIPT system is not only more easily implemented but outperforms the receive PS-based WIPT system as it better exploits the beamforming design at the transmitter side.
Furano Pyrimidines as Novel Potent and Selective Anti-VZV Agents

Bicyclic furano pyrimidine nucleosides have been found to be highly potent and selective inhibitors of varicella zoster virus (VZV). They are inactive against herpes simplex virus and have been known for several decades as (unwanted) synthetic by-products in the Pd-catalysed coupling of acetylenes to 5-iodo nucleosides. These fluorescent bicyclic nucleosides are now established as a new family of potent antivirals. They are unusual in that they exhibit complete specificity for VZV and require an alkyl (or alkylaryl) side-chain for biological activity. The latter requirement confers extremely high lipophilicities on these compounds, unknown amongst chemotherapeutic nucleosides, which may be of considerable importance in formulation, dosing and tissue distribution. The most potent compounds reported are p-alkylaryl compounds, with EC50 values below 1nM versus VZV and selectivity index values of around 1000000. Here, we review the discovery, synthesis, characterization, antiviral profile, SAR, mechanism of action and development prospects for this new family of antivirals.
The Home Situations Questionnaire-PDD version: factor structure and psychometric properties.

BACKGROUND The Home Situations Questionnaire (HSQ) is a caregiver-rated scale designed to assess behavioural non-compliance in everyday settings that has been used in several studies in typically developing children. Currently there is no accepted measure of behavioural non-compliance in children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). METHODS Investigators of the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network modified the HSQ for children with PDDs by adding five items (making 25 total items), and used it as the primary outcome measure in a clinical trial. In the current investigation, we examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the modified scale, the HSQ-PDD. RESULTS An exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotations yielded two factors: 'Socially Inflexible' (14 items) and 'Demand-Specific' (six items). Item content of both factors appeared to fit well with the rubric of PDDs. Internal consistency, using Cronbach's alpha statistic, was 0.90 for 'Socially Inflexible', and 0.80 for 'Demand-Specific. ' The obtained sub-scales and HSQ-PDD Total score showed moderate correlations with selected sub-scales of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory, and Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and low correlations with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior sub-scales. CONCLUSIONS The HSQ-PDD appears to be well suited for children with PDDs, although the Demand-Specific sub-scale may benefit from addition of more items. We provided sub-scale means and standard deviations for this relatively severe group of children with PDDs, and discussed the factor structure with respect to previous research.
human genome Linking disease associations with regulatory information in the Material Supplemental

Genome Res. September , 2012 22: 1790-1797 Alan P. Boyle, Eurie L. Hong, Manoj Hariharan, et al. Annotation of functional variation in personal genomes using RegulomeDB Genome Res. September , 2012 22: 1689-1697 Benjamin Vernot, Andrew B. Stergachis, Matthew T. Maurano, et al. Personal and population genomics of human regulatory variation Genome Res. September , 2012 22: 1612-1615 Stephen Chanock Toward mapping the biology of the genome Genome Res. September , 2012 22: 1602-1611 John A. Stamatoyannopoulos What does our genome encode? Genome Res. September , 2012 22: 1599-1601 Kelly A. Frazer Decoding the human genome
Concordant Glucose Induction of Glucokinase, Glucose Usage, and Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Release in Pancreatic Islets Maintained in Organ Culture

Using cultured islets as the experimental system, this study established dosage-response and time-dependency curves of the inductive glucose effect on glucose-stimulated insulin release, glucose usage, and glucokinase activity. Glucose-stimulated insulin release in islets cultured for 1, 2, or 7 days was increased as a function of glucose concentration in the culture medium and as a function of time. Glucose usage in the cultured islets showed a close relationship with glucose concentration in the culture medium at both 2 and 7 days of culture. Glucokinase activity increased in islets cultured for 1, 2, or 7 days as a function of increasing glucose concentrations in the culture medium and as a function of time. The Vmax of glucokinase in islets cultured for 7 days in medium containing 30 mM glucose was twice the value of freshly isolated islets and was almost fivefold higher than that in islets cultured for 7 days in 3 mM glucose. The glucose induction of glucose-stimulated insulin release, of glucose usage, and of glucokinase activity were tightly correlated. The biochemical mechanisms of glucose induction of islet glucokinase were further studied. Immunoblotting with an antibody against C-terminal peptide of glucokinase showed that densities of a 52,000-kD protein band from tissue extracts of islets cultured for 7 days in 3, 12, and 30 mM glucose were 25, 44, and 270% compared with that of extract from freshly isolated islets (100%). RNA blot analysis of glucokinase mRNA demonstrated virtually the same levels in fresh islets and islets after 7 days of culture in 3 or 30 mM glucose. The adaptive response of glucokinase to glucose appears therefore to be occurring at a translational or posttranslational site in cultured islets. These data greatly strengthen the concept that glucose is the regulator that induces the activity of glucokinase, which in turn determines the rate change of glucose usage as well as glucose-stimulated insulin release from β-cells. Thus, the hypothesis that glucokinase is the glucose sensor of β-cells is strengthened further.
In vitro activation of a transcription factor by gamma interferon requires a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase and is mimicked by vanadate

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) activates the formation of a DNA-binding protein complex (FcRF gamma) that recognizes the gamma response region (GRR) of the promoter for the human high-affinity Fc gamma receptor. In a membrane-enriched fraction prepared from human peripheral blood monocytes, IFN-gamma activation of FcRF gamma occurred within 1 min and was ATP dependent. Activation of FcRF gamma required a tyrosine kinase activity, and recognition of the GRR sequence by FcRF gamma could be abrogated by treatment with a tyrosine-specific protein phosphatase. Treatment of cells with vanadate alone resulted in the formation of FcRF gamma without the need for IFN-gamma. UV cross-linking and antibody competition experiments demonstrated that the FcRF gamma complex was composed of at least two components: the 91-kDa protein of the IFN-alpha-induced transcription complex ISGF3 and a 43-kDa component that bound directly to the GRR. Therefore, specificity for IFN-induced transcriptional activation of early response genes requires at least two events: (i) ligand-induced activation of membrane-associated protein by tyrosine phosphorylation and (ii) formation of a complex composed of an activated membrane protein(s) and a sequence-specific DNA-binding component.
A CASE CONTROL STUDY INTO THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BIRTH CONTROL PILLS ON PRE‐CLINICAL CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX

This paper reports a study of the possible relationship between oral contraceptives and preclinical squamous carcinoma of the cervix in women in their third decade in the Province of British Columbia. A total of 310 cases of preclinical carcinoma of the cervix and 682 matched controls were evaluated. The mean interval between first use of contraceptives and entry into the study was 5·3 years for the 25‐29‐year‐old patients with preclinical carcinoma of the cervix, while the interval for the 20‐24‐year‐old patients was 2·9 years. No significant difference in the pattern or duration of contraceptive usage was found between the case and control groups. The use of the different contraceptive methods in the screened population of the entire province of British Columbia paralleled that of the selected case control study group with the exception of a less frequently reported use of sequential preparations. In terms of the social data, however, there did appear to be a significantly greater number of pregnancies and of atypical marital situations among the women with preclinical carcinoma of the cervix. This suggested a different pattern of social behaviour in the two groups.
Conscientiousness, goal orientation, and motivation to learn during the learning process: A longitudinal study.

Conscientiousness and goal orientation were examined as (a) predictors of motivation to learn and (b) moderators of reactions to performance levels during the learning process, using an Expectancy × Valence framework. Learners (N = 103) participated in a 6week course in which an objective performance goal was assigned. Results indicated that conscientiousness and learning orientation were positively related to motivation to learn both initially and after performance feedback was given, whereas performance orientation was negatively related to motivation to learn at those 2 time periods. In addition, learning and performance orientation moderated the relationships between performance levels during the learning process and subsequent expectancy and valence. The increasing complexity of the tasks to be performed in the future workplace is likely to place an even greater emphasis on training programs, as evidenced by the fact that no less than six chapters in Howard's (1995) The Changing Nature of Work noted the need for improved training approaches. The increased emphasis on training will necessitate a commitment on the part of selection programs to provide motivated trainees. Such a commitment could create internal fit and synergy among human resources practices, potentially improving firm performance (Becker & Gerhart, 1996; Delery & Doty, 1996). One stream of literature that can inform practitioners in this area is the research on motivation to learn, defined here as a desire on the part of trainees to learn the content
A General Symbolic Approach to Kolmogorov-Sinai Entropy

It is popular to study a time-dependent nonlinear system by encoding outcomes of measurements into sequences of symbols following certain symbolization schemes. Mostly, symbolizations by threshold crossings or variants of it are applied, but also, the relatively new symbolic approach, which goes back to innovative works of Bandt and Pompe—ordinal symbolic dynamics—plays an increasing role. In this paper, we discuss both approaches novelly in one breath with respect to the theoretical determination of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy (KS entropy). For this purpose, we propose and investigate a unifying approach to formalize symbolizations. By doing so, we can emphasize the main advantage of the ordinal approach if no symbolization scheme can be found that characterizes KS entropy directly: the ordinal approach, as well as generalizations of it provide, under very natural conditions, a direct route to KS entropy by default.
Three-Year Outcome of Treatment in an Early Psychosis Program

Objective: Studies defining the course and outcome of people experiencing their first episode psychosis (FEP) generally report an improvement in symptoms and functioning. Little is known about the follow-up arrangements offered topatients when their timein a FEP comes to an end. Method: Our study focuses on a sample of FEP patients (n = 292) who were followed for up to 3 years in a multi-element specialized FEP service. Results: Improvement in positive symptoms and social functioning, but not negative symptoms, was observed in this sample both for people who completed 3 years in the program and for those who left early. About 40% were referred to specialized mental health services, whereas 24% were followed by their family physician. Patients who were followed by family physicians had decreased symptoms and improved functioning. Conclusion: Most patients treated in an early psychosis program will need follow-up, the largest group will require specialized mental health services in the community, but a significant group can be followed by family physicians.
The Spatial Power Motivation Scale: A Semi-Implicit Measure of Situational Power Motivation

We introduce a new nonverbal and unobtrusive measure to assess power motive activation, the Spatial Power Motivation Scale (SPMS). The unique features of this instrument are that it is (a) very simple and economical, (b) reliable and valid, and (c) sensitive to situational changes. Study 1 demonstrates the instrument's convergent and discriminant validity with explicit measures. Study 2 demonstrates the instrument's responsiveness to situational power motive salience: anticipating and winning competition versus losing competition and watching television. Studies 3 and 4 demonstrate that thoughts of competition result in higher power motivation specifically for individuals with a high dispositional power motive.
SCORE should be preferred to Framingham to predict cardiovascular death in French population

Background Numerous studies have examined the validity of available scores to predict the absolute cardiovascular risk. Design We developed a virtual population based on data representative of the French population and compared the performances of the two most popular risk equations to predict cardiovascular death: Framingham and SCORE. Methods A population was built based on official French demographic statistics and summarized data from representative observational studies. The 10-year coronary and cardiovascular death risk and their ratio were computed for each individual by SCORE and Framingham equations. The resulting rates were compared with those derived from national vital statistics. Results Framingham overestimated French coronary deaths by 2.8 in men and 1.9 in women, and cardiovascular deaths by 1.5 in men and 1.3 in women. SCORE overestimated coronary death by 1.6 in men and 1.7 in women, and underestimated cardiovascular death by 0.94 in men and 0.85 in women. Our results revealed an exaggerated representation of coronary among cardiovascular death predicted by Framingham, with coronary death exceeding cardiovascular death in some individual profiles. Sensitivity analyses gave some insights to explain the internal inconsistency of the Framingham equations. Conclusion Evidence is that SCORE should be preferred to Framingham to predict cardiovascular death risk in French population. This discrepancy between prediction scores is likely to be observed in other populations. To improve the validation of risk equations, specific guidelines should be issued to harmonize the outcomes definition across epidemiologic studies. Prediction models should be calibrated for risk differences in the space and time dimensions.
Dynamics of Dotlike Hemosiderin Spots Associated With Intracerebral Hemorrhage

The authors observed dotlike, low‐intensity spots in T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), subsequently diagnosed histologically as previous microbleeds associated with lipofibrohyalinosis, amyloid angiopathy, and small vessel disease. The nature of dotlike hemosiderin spots (dotHSs), however, is still unknown. This case report seeks to demonstrate the dynamics of dotHSs associated with an intracerebral hematoma (ICH). T2*‐weighted MRI of a 72‐year‐old man with a history of hypertension demonstrated 4 dotHSs 24 months after a left putaminal hemorrhage. Follow‐up T2*‐weighted MRI 40 months after the acute event demonstrated the asymptomatic formation of 3 more dotHSs, even with good control of blood pressure. Fifty months after the stroke, T2*‐weighted MRI showed that 2 of the new dotHSs had become fainter, whereas the hemosiderin associated with the ICH scar remained detectable. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of dotHS dynamics associated with ICH.
Rim enhancement of breast cancers on contrast-enhanced MR imaging: Relationship with prognostic factors

BackgroundThere is little evidence regarding associations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and other important histopathological prognostic factors of breast cancer. The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between rim enhancement on MRI and common histopathological prognostic factors of breast cancers.MethodsWe reviewed the contrast-enhanced MR images of 106 consecutive women with histopathologically verified invasive breast carcinomas. Three radiologists assessed the images of each lesion for the presence of rim enhancement on early and delayed images, which were classified into four patterns. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the associations of these patterns with common histopathological prognostic factors and patient age.ResultsPositive ratios of lymph node metastasis and blood vessel invasion and negative ratios of hormone receptors were higher in the invasive cancers with rim enhancement than those without rim enhancement. Rim enhancement was more frequent in invasive ductal cancers with a higher histological grade and larger invasive cancers. The pattern of rim enhancement with centripetal progression showed a significantly increased risk of lymph node metastasis and was associated with a larger size of invasive lesion when compared with the other patterns. Invasive cancers with rim enhancement and little change between the early and delayed images and with centrifugal progression showed significantly less hormone receptor positivity than those without rim enhancement.ConclusionsRim enhancement patterns of breast cancers on contrast-enhanced MRI are related to common histopathological prognostic factors and these patterns may be valuable in the preoperative evaluation of breast cancers.
Pharmacokinetic fundamentals of vaginal treatment with clotrimazole.

Pharmacokinetic studies with clotrimazole in rats and in humans, following oral and intravenous administration, have shown that clotrimazole is rapidly metabolized. After vaginal treatment with clotrimazole, the small fraction absorbed into the systemic circulation--between 3% and 10% of the dose--is subjected to metabolism and excretion as after oral or intravenous administration. The vaginal availability of clotrimazole is largely dependent on the formulation applied. In contrast, up to 3 days after single application of a vaginal tablet containing 500 mg clotrimazole together with lactic acid, fungicidal amounts of clotrimazole were measured in vaginal fluid, i.e., the single dose serves as a depot in the vagina for at least 3 days. Thus the single-dose treatment of vaginal mycosis with clotrimazole offers the advantage of combining a high availability in the vagina with a low availability of systemic circulation and is a means of solving the problem of the patient's noncompliance.
Relation between total renal volume and renal function: Usefulness of 3D sonographic measurements with a matrix array transducer.

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to evaluate the reproducibility of 3D sonography with a matrix array transducer as a means of measuring renal volume and to investigate correlations between renal volume and renal function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred twenty subjects (20 consecutively registered patients with one of the five stages of chronic renal disease and 20 healthy volunteers [stage 0 renal function]) were enrolled. Individual renal volume was determined by two independent observers using 2D sonographic and 3D matrix array transducer sonographic data. The reproducibility of volume measurement was evaluated for both of these methods. After total renal volume was normalized to body surface area, correlations between normalized total renal volume and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were evaluated. Differences in normalized total renal volume related to stage of renal function also were evaluated. RESULTS The reproducibility of 3D sonographic measurements obtained with a matrix array transducer was greater than that of 2D sonographic measurements. The correlation between normalized total renal volume obtained with matrix array transducer 3D sonography and estimated GFR for two observers (r = 0.809 and 0.813; p < 0.001) was better than that between normalized total renal volume obtained with 2D sonography and estimated GFR (r = 0.696 and 0.715; p < 0.001). The mean normalized total renal volumes obtained with matrix array transducer 3D sonography in stages 0 and 1 were significantly larger than those in other stages (p < 0.001). The mean normalized total renal volume in stage 5 disease was significantly smaller than the volumes in the other stages (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Three-dimensional sonography with a matrix array transducer is a reliable means of measuring renal volume during evaluations of patients with reduced renal function.