Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE THROUGH OPTIMIZING ASCENDENCY IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM MODEL

We develop a six-compartment model consisting of phosphorus, detritus, phytoplankton, zooplankton, planktonivorous sh and pisciphagous sh. In this model, we study the implications that the body sizes of phytoplankton and zooplankton have on the system dynamics. We use ascendency as a goal function or indicator of system performance. Ascendency quanties growth and development of an ecosystem as a product of total system throughflow and the mutual information inherent in the pattern of internal system flows. Dierent physiological rate parameters of phytoplankton and zooplankton are assessed by means of allometric relationships applied to their body sizes. We let the phytoplankton body size range from 10 m 3 to 10 7 m 3 and the zooplankton body size range from 10 m 3 to 10 4 m 3 in volume. We also investigate the eects of phosphorus input conditions, corresponding to oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic systems on system dynamics. Ascendency (to be maximized over phytoplankton and zooplankton sizes) was computed after the system had reached a steady state. Since it always was a seasonal cycle, and the ascendency followed this behavior, we averaged the ascendency over 365 successive days (duration of one year) in the oscillatory phase. Under all types of nutrient conditions, the smallest phytoplankton size yielded the maximal values of the ascendency, while the corresponding zooplankton size varied. Under oligotrophic conditions, a phytoplankton size of 10 m 3 combined with a zooplankton size of 10 1:25 m 3 to give the maximum value of the ascendency. Under mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions, maxima were obtained for zooplankton sizes 10 2:26 m 3 and 10 3:20 m 3 , respectively.
Nowcasting and Placecasting Entrepreneurial Quality and Performance

A central challenge in the measurement of entrepreneurship is accounting for the wide variation in entrepreneurial quality across firms. This paper develops a new approach for estimating entrepreneurial quality by linking the probability of a growth outcome (e.g., achieving an IPO or a significant acquisition) as a function of start-up characteristics observable at or near the time of initial business registration (e.g., the firm name or filing for a trademark/patent). Our approach allows us to characterize entrepreneurial quality at an arbitrary level of geographic granularity (placecasting) and in advance of observing the ultimate growth outcomes associated with any cohort of start-ups (nowcasting). We implement this approach in Massachusetts from 1988-2014, yielding several key findings. First, consistent with Guzman and Stern (2015), we find that a small number of observable start-up characteristics allow us to distinguish the potential for a significant growth outcome: in an out-of-sample test, more than 75% of growth outcomes occur in the top 5% of our estimated quality distribution. Second, we propose two new economic statistics for the measurement of entrepreneurship: the Entrepreneurship Quality Index (EQI) and the Regional Entrepreneurship Cohort Potential Index (RECPI). We use these indices to offer a novel characterization of changes in entrepreneurial quality across space and time. For example, we are able to document changes in entrepreneurial quality leadership between the Route 128 corridor, Cambridge and Boston, as well as more granular assessments that allow us to distinguish variation in average entrepreneurial quality down to the level of individual addresses. Third, we find a high correlation between an index that depends only on information directly observable from business registration records (and so can be calculated on a real-time basis) with an index that allows for a two-year lag that allows the estimate of entrepreneurial quality to incorporate early milestones such as patent or trademark application or being featured in local newspapers. Finally, we find that the most significant “gap” between our index and the realized growth outcomes of a given cohort seem to be closely related to investment cycles: while the most successful cohort of Massachusetts start-ups was founded in 1995, the year 2000 cohort registered the highest estimated quality.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members are dysregulated in a number of epithelial cell malignancies, including breast cancer[1]. The first three members of the family: EGFR/HER1, HER2 and HER3 promote oncogenic transformation, more proliferative and aggressive

TITLE: HER4 Cyt1 and Cyt2 ,soforms 5egulate 7ranscription through 'ifferential ,nteraction with a 7ranscriptional 5egulator, Yap. The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy or decision unless so designated by other documentation. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
Aid Effectiveness in Bangladesh

This paper provides a critical review of aid effectiveness in Bangladesh . It focuses on the contributions of three major, high-profile donors: the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the Government of Japan (GOJ). In assessing aid effectiveness, the paper uses a qualitative triangulation approach based on the subjective judgments of donors and recipients. This approach is dictated by the deficiencies of quantitative methods for this purpose and the lack of adequate and reliable quantitative data. The paper then discusses the causes of aid ineffectiveness. As this theme has a wider resonance beyond Bangladesh, the discussion next turns to the experiences of the developing world as a whole. Recommendations for making aid more effective follow, and the paper ends with some concluding remarks.
A Response Conflict Account of the Effects of Stereotypes on Racial Categorization

Research indicates that racial categorization is slowed by the presence of category-inconsistent information. The current experiments tested response conflict, or the tendency for opposing response tendencies to compete for activation, as a mechanism for this effect. In two experiments, participants more quickly categorized faces flanked by racial stereotype-congruent words than faces flanked by stereotype-incongruent words, particularly when stereotype-congruent words were more probable. Event-related potential (ERP) data indicated that this behavioral effect was due to response conflict. The lateralized readiness potential (LRP) showed that, relative to stereotype-congruent flankers, stereotype-incongruent flankers initially elicited activation of the incorrect categorization response, which slowed activation and execution of the correct categorization response. Stereotype-incongruent flankers also enhanced the amplitude of the N2 (conflict monitoring) component. Potential differences in stimulus evalua.
A comparison of robust methods for Mendelian randomization using multiple genetic variants

We report the results of a Mendelian randomization study in which multiple genetic variants are used as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of body mass index on personal income in the presence of unobserved confounding. The data come from Understanding Society, a large-scale longitudinal household survey, and the GIANT consortium study. Mendelian randomization studies are known to be affected by both weak instrument bias and the pleiotropic bias that arises when some genetic variants are invalid instrument variables. We review and compare some of the recently developed techniques for using multiple genetic variants as instrumental variables. Our principal focus, however, is to assess the â€˜some invalid some valid instrumental variable estimatorâ€™ (sisVIVE) developed by Kang et al. (2016). We conduct a comprehensive simulation study to assess sisVIVE for Understanding Society-like data, and find that it outperforms alternative methods across a range of scenarios. However, its performance is poor in absolute terms when the presence of indirect pleiotropy leads to failure of the key â€˜InSIDEâ€™ condition, despite this not being explicitly required for identification. We argue that this is because the consistency criterion for sisVIVE does not identify the true causal effect if InSIDE fails. In the application to Understanding Society, we find no evidence for pleiotropic bias, and the negative effect of body mass index on income to be around five times larger than the observational association. However, this conclusion depends on the unverifiable assumption that InSIDE holds.
Error-rate Floors in Differential n-level Phase-shift-keying Coherent Receivers employing Electronic Dispersion Equalisation

Abstract A model for the phase noise influence in differential n-level phase shift keying (nPSK) systems and 2n-level quadrature amplitude modulated (2nQAM) systems employing electronic dispersion equalization and quadruple carrier phase extraction is presented. The model includes the dispersion equalization enhanced local oscillator phase noise influence. Numerical results for phase noise error-rate floors are given for dual polarization (DQPSK, D16PSK and D64PSK) system configurations with basic baud-rate of 25 GS/s. The transmission distance in excess of 1000 km requires local oscillator lasers with sub-MHz linewidth.
On the Use of Feedback Control in the Design of Computing System Components

Feedback controllers are typically applied to computing systems by acting on some quantities (“tunable parameters” in the computer science lexicon, e.g., a packet drop rate) to attain some goal (e.g., a required bandwidth allocation). In other words, control loops are closed around the computing system. In the authors' opinion, this is definitely a partial use of control. Many critical parts of computing systems should not be controlled, but rather redesigned in the form of controllers. This paper formalises the statement above and illustrates some results, including application examples, to demonstrate the advantages of such a novel approach, and to stimulate research on the matter.
Cognitive Control [ 3 _ TD $ DIFF ] As a Double-Edged Sword

Cognitive control, the ability to limit attention to goal-relevant information, aids performance on a wide range of laboratory tasks. However, there are many dayto-day functions which require little to no control and others which even benefit from reduced control. We review behavioral and neuroimaging evidence demonstrating that reduced control can enhance the performance of both older and, under some circumstances, younger adults. Using healthy aging as a model, we demonstrate that decreased cognitive control benefits performance on tasks ranging from acquiring and using environmental information to generating creative solutions to problems. Cognitive control is thus a double-edged sword – aiding performance on some tasks when fully engaged, andmany others when less engaged.
Lactic Acid Fermentation of Peppers

Different peppers fermentations (Capsicum annum, grossum variety) were assayed: spontaneous, native microflora supplemented individually with Lactobacillus plantarum N8, Leuconostoc mesentereroides L. or Pediococcus pentosaceus 12p and by pure or combined cultures of these lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In order to eliminate the native flora, different kinds of heat treatment were assayed. The treatment selected was heating in autoclaved after research 3/4 atmosphere and to turn off. Fermentations were carried out at 22? C and 30? C and the culture media contained 2% or 0.2% glucose and 4% NaCl. Sugar consumption, pH reduction and acid production were higher at 30℃ than at 22℃. At both temperatures, spontaneous fermentation showed a slower rate reduction in pH than inoculated samples. Diminution in pH in presence of 2% glucose was faster than at 0.2%, but minimum pH was in both case lower than 3.0. Maximum growth was reached between 2 and 5 days of fermentation in all the samples assayed. After 30 days of incubation in presence of 2% glucose the survival of LAB was nearly 5 log ufc/ml. The survival was higher at the lower temperature assayed for both glucose concentrations. Organoleptic properties of peppers fermented with a mixed culture of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Pediococcus pentosaceus were found best by a human panel. This sample has a relation lactic acid/acetic acid of nearly 3 in the conditions assayed.
Syndesmotic Injuries in Athletes

Ankle injuries are the most common presenting injury in the athletic population, with the ankle sprain accounting for 10% to 30% of all single-sport injuries [1-4]. Lateral ankle sprains make up a majority of these injuries, and the literature describes a high degree of success with quick return to play afterward. Injuries to the syndesmotic ligaments occur far less frequently, with reported values between 1% and 18% of all ankle sprains [5-8]. However, the incidence of these “high ankle sprains” has been increasing recently due to an increase in the knowledge and understanding of the clinical diagnosis, biomechanics, and cause of syndesmotic injuries. More recent reports have the incidence ranging from 17% to 74% of all ankle injuries in young athletes [9-11]. Despite the improved awareness for this injury, there still exists a paucity of information on optimal conservative and operative management. In a recent survey, health care providers caring for professional athletes identified syndesmotic injuries as the most difficult foot and ankle injury to treat [12]. Athletes have shown a delayed return to play, higher incidence of chronic pain, and significant long-term disability compared to lateral ankle sprains [8, 13, 14]. A study from the United States Military Academy found that involvement of the syndesmosis was the most predictive factor of chronic ankle dysfunction six months after an injury [14]. This review will describe the anatomy of the biomechanics of the distal tibiofibular ligament, followed by an assessment of the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of syndesmotic ligament injuries. Finally, the indications and treatment options for both nonoperative and operative intervention will be discussed and evaluated with a current review of the literature.
The Dual-Axis Circumstellar Environment of the Type IIn Supernova 1997eg

We present multi-epoch spectral and spectropolarimetric observations of the Type IIn supernova (SN) 1997eg that indicate the presence of a flattened disklike concentration of circumstellar material surrounding aspherical ejecta, with which the disk is misaligned. The polarization across the broad Hα, Hβ, and He I λ5876 lines of SN 1997eg forms closed loops when viewed in the Stokes q-u plane. Such loops occur when the geometrical symmetry of one or both of the Stokes parameters across spectral lines is broken, in this case most likely by occultation of the ejecta by the equatorial circumstellar matter concentration. The polarization of the narrow Balmer lines possesses an intrinsic axis that differs by 12° from that of the elongated ejecta and probably indicates the orientation of the disklike circumstellar material. The existence of two different axes of symmetry in SN 1997eg suggests that neither rotation of the progenitor nor the influence of a companion star can be the sole mechanism creating a preferred axis within the supernova system. Our model supports the emerging hypothesis that the progenitors of some Type IIn supernovae are luminous blue variable stars, whose presupernova mass eruptions form the circumstellar shells that physically characterize the SN IIn subclass. These conclusions, which are independent of interstellar polarization effects, would have been unobservable with only a single epoch of spectropolarimetry.
Health Checks through Landmark Bridges to Sky-High Structures

Massive infrastructure projects developed in Hong Kong make for big challenges and unique opportunities for engineers and researchers. The construction of the cables-stayed Stonecutters Bridge sets up a new landmark in the bridge engineering community, with its main span exceeding 1,000 m as well as its sophisticated instrumentation system comprising more than 1,500 sensors. The development of structural health monitoring (SHM) technology has evolved for over 10 years in Hong Kong since the implementation of the so-called “Wind And Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS)” on the suspension Tsing Ma Bridge in 1997. The successful engineering paradigms of implementing and operating SHM systems for five cable-supported bridges and experiences gained by practice and research in the past decade have promoted the applications of this technology beyond Hong Kong and extending from long-span bridges to high-rise structures. In this paper, the evolution in the design methodology for SHM systems, the advancement in several aspects of SHM technology, and a performance comparison between the early implemented and lately developed SHM systems for large-scale bridges are first outlined. Subsequently, the concept of the so-called “life-cycle structural health monitoring (LSHM)” is addressed by exploring the integration of in-construction monitoring and in-service monitoring and by realizing such an integrated system to a super-tall tower structure. The issue on how an SHM system benefits structural vibration control is also discussed.
Technical Efficiency of Fish Farms in West Bengal: Nature, Extent and Implications

In this study, undertaken in West Bengal, the concept of meta-frontier data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been carried out to examine whether there is any systematic difference in the technical efficiency (TE) of fish farms of different size-classes categorized on various socio-economic conditions. Efforts have also been made to identify the influence of those characteristics on TE score using regression analysis. The study has revealed that the overall mean TE is 62.8 per cent, which indicates that on average, the realized fish output can be raised by 37 per cent in the state with the existing technology and resources. Wide variations in TE scores have been found when farms were categorized on the basis of size, region, ownership pattern or proprietorship. The farm experience, ownership and sole proprietorship are the most important determinants of TE. However, pond size and education have not depicted any significant relationship with TE. In order to improve the efficiency of fish culture, location-specific development strategies, long-term leasing policies, and participatory extension support should be adopted in West Bengal.
žvakanja žvakaće gume s CPP – ACPom Evaluation of Salivary Calcium and Phosphorous Concentration Before and After Chewing CPP-ACP Containing Chewing Gum

Adresa za dopisivanje Dr. Gauri Kakatkar Postgraduate Student Rajasthan University of Health Science Pacific Dental College and Hospital Department of Public Health Dentistry Airport Road, Debari Udaipur (313024), Rajasthan, India. Tel: + 919950325511(M) gaurikaks@yahoo.co.in Sažetak Svrha: Željelo se procijeniti kolika je koncentraciju kalcija i fosfata u slini prije žvakanja žvakaće gume bez šećera s dodatkom kazein-fosfopeptida i amorfnog kalcijeva fosfata (CPP–ACP-a) pod imenom Recaldent te procijeniti količinu i koliko dugo ostaju određene koncentracije kalcija i fosfata u slini nakon žvakanja gume s CPP–ACP-om. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je kliničko nerandomizirano ispitivanje u skupini od 30 nasumce odabranih studenata u dobi između 18 i 25 godina. Od svih je skupljena nestimulirana slina cijeđenjem prije žvakanja gume s CCP–ACP-om i u točno određenim intervalima nakon 20-minutnog žvakanja. U uzorcima se mjerila koncentracija kalcija i fosfata. Podaci su analizirani SPSS ver.17, softverom s postavkama ponovljenog mjerenja ANOVA-om, studentskim parnim t-testom i postotnom razlikom. Rezultati: Srednja vrijednost kalcija u slini znatno se povećala neposredno nakon (Ai) žvakanja žvakaće s CCP–ACP-om, sa srednjom razlikom od 22 posto u usporedbi s osnovnom vrijednošću (B). Povećanje koncentracije kalcija u odnosu na osnovnu vrijednost mjerilo se dva sata nakon žvakanja, kada je opaženo sniženje koncentracije fosfata u slini i do jedan sat nakon žvakanja žvakaće u usporedbi s osnovnom vrijednošću (B). Zaključak: CPP kao ACP-nositelj znatno povećava koncentraciju kalcija u slini i tako olakšava remineralizaciju. Ključne riječi CPP–ACP, kazein fosfopeptid-amorfni kalcijev fosfat nanokompleks; žvakaća guma; fosfati; kalcij; slina 1 Odjel za javno zdravstvo Stomatološkog fakulteta i bolnice Pacifičkoga sveučilišta Debari Udaipur – 313024, Rajasthan, Indija Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur-313024, Rajasthan, India 2 Odjel za javno zdravstvo Stomatološkog fakulteta i bolnice Darshan Loyara, Udaipur – 313011, Rajasthan, Indija Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Loyara, Udaipur-313011, Rajasthan, India
Influence of board density, mat construction, and chip type on performance of particleboard made from eastern redcedar

The purpose of this study was to investigate mechanical and physical performances of particleboard made from low-value eastern redcedar trees. The properties evaluated included bending strength and stiffness, swelling, surface hardness, and screw holding capacity as a function of processing variables (i.e., density, chip type, and board con- struction). Two types of chips (whole tree and pure wood), two types of mat construc- tions (single- and three-layer), and four different density levels (0.4, 0.5, 0.65, and 0.75 g/cm 3 ) were used in manufacturing the test panels. Board density and mat construction types were found to have major influences on board properties while chip type had no significant effect on the properties. The results showed that with some improvements in process parameters and processing techniques, low-grade eastern redcedar has a future as a particleboard furnish in the manufacture of marketable products.