Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superconducting Correlations in One-Dimensional Kondo Lattice Model under Magnetic Fields

We analyze superconducting correlations in the one-dimensional Kondo lattice models with Ising anisotropy under transverse magnetic fields by using the density matrix renormalization group. For the spin-1/2 local spin model, the Ising anisotropy is introduced by the ferromagnetic Ising interaction between the localized spins, while for the spin-1 model, it is taken by the single-ion anisotropy. The magnetic properties under the transverse fields for the spin-1/2 model are very similar to those for the spin-1 model [K. Suzuki and K. Hattori, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 88, 024707 (2019). ]. For the superconducting correlations, we analyze various Cooper pairs within nearest-neighbor pairs including composite ones between the local spin and the electrons. We find that, only for the spin-1/2 model, the superconducting correlations are highly enhanced in the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid state near the Kondo-plateau phase, where the conduction electrons and the localized spins are strongly coupled with a finite spin gap for the Ising axis. This is a clear contrast to the model under the longitudinal magnetic fields, where there are no noticeable superconducting correlations. Competitions between the transverse magnetic field and the Kondo singlet formation lead to this enhanced superconducting correlations. We discuss a possible relation between our results and reentrant superconductivity in U-based ferromagnetic superconductor under transverse magnetic fields.
Revealing the Origin and Cosmic Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes

The next generation of electromagnetic and gravitational wave observatories will open unprecedented windows to the birth of the first supermassive black holes. This has the potential to reveal their origin and growth in the first billion years, as well as the signatures of their formation history in the local Universe. With this in mind, we outline three key focus areas which will shape research in the next decade and beyond: (1) What were the "seeds" of the first quasars; how did some reach a billion solar masses before z$\sim7$? (2) How does black hole growth change over cosmic time, and how did the early growth of black holes shape their host galaxies? What can we learn from intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) and dwarf galaxies today? (3) Can we unravel the physics of black hole accretion, understanding both inflows and outflows (jets and winds) in the context of the theory of general relativity? Is it valid to use these insights to scale between stellar and supermassive BHs, i.e., is black hole accretion really scale invariant? In the following, we identify opportunities for the Canadian astronomical community to play a leading role in addressing these issues, in particular by leveraging our strong involvement in the Event Horizon Telescope, the {\it James Webb Space Telescope} (JWST), Euclid, the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE), the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), the Cosmological Advanced Survey Telescope for Optical and ultraviolet Research (CASTOR), and more. We also discuss synergies with future space-based gravitational wave (LISA) and X-ray (e.g., Athena, Lynx) observatories, as well as the necessity for collaboration with the stellar and galactic evolution communities to build a complete picture of the birth of supermassive black holes, and their growth and their influence over the history of the Universe.
Factors Influencing the Use of Contraception in an Urban Slum in Karachi, Pakistan

Family planning is a health and an economic priority for Pakistan. Contraceptive prevalence rate among 502 couples in a predominantly catholic urban slum was 31 percent. Working women education and having more than two sons increased contraceptive use. In addition the number of daughters was the most significant factor influencing contraception. There did not seem to be any religious objections to the use of contraception which helped introduce family planning in this community. (authors)
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Petugas Kesehatan Igd terhadap Tindakan Triage Berdasarkan Prioritas

T he purpose of this research was to find out relationship of knowledge and attitude of emergency room workers towards triage actions based on priority. Methodology on this research was a descriptive correlative with cross sectional approach. The study conducted in emergency room of Eka Hospital Pekanbaru with 32 respondents as the sample, which were doctors and nurses. The sampling method used was total sampling technique. The measuring instrument used was questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability, and also using the observation sheet. The analysis used are univariate and bivariate analysis by Chi-squared test. The result of this research indicates that majority of respondent’s knowledge of triage actions with priority was high based on 17 people (53,1%), majority of respondents attitude towards triage action with priority was positive based on 19 people (59,4%) and majority of the respondents implement triage actions with priority accordance with the procedure were 18 people (56,3%). The result showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and attitude of emergency room workers towards triage actions based on priority for the P value < 0,05 which is (0.036 < 0,05) and ( 0,006 < 0,05). Based on the result of this research, emergency room workers are expected to be able to conduct triage action based on priority to prevent further death and disability. Keywords: Attitude, knowledge, triage
Working Conditions and Job Satisfaction among Nursing Professionals

Objective: To evaluate satisfaction with the type of work contract and labor relationship in a group of nursing professionals at a third tier hospital in Tunja, Boyacá (Colombia) between June and December 2005. Method: This is a transverse study with 39 professionals from the hospital. The NTP 394 (Overall Job Satisfaction, authorized by Perez-Bilbao) was used and the data were analyzed in Epi-info 2002. The search for differences among measurements was done via Kruskall Wallis, with IC 95% p<0.05. AÑO 8 VOL. 8 No 2 CHÍA, COLOMBIA OCTUBRE 2008 243-256 244 AÑO 8 VOL. 8 No 2 CHÍA, COLOMBIA OCTUBRE 2008 243-256 AQUICHAN ISSN 1657-5997 Results: The measurement of general job satisfaction was 77.10 (DE 12.36) with a range of 15-105; intrinsic satisfaction, 35.46 (DE 6.67) with a range of 7-49; and extrinsic satisfaction, 41.69 (DE 6.50) with a range of 8-56. The differences found with this study were related to extrinsic satisfaction and the type of labor relationship (p<0.05). Conclusions: Wage compensation has a bearing on lack of satisfaction. Job stability improves the sensation of intrinsic satisfaction. Most studies show an increase in job satisfaction with age and years of professional experience, which is contrary to what this study revealed.
The measurement of maximal bite force in human beings

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Teaching Residents to Teach: Do Program Directors and Trainees Agree on Format and Content?

Background : Despite the important number of teaching-skills programs described in the literature, previous needs assessment of such curricula have examined primarily residents’ perceived learning needs in this field. The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal content and format of a resident teaching-skills training curriculum and compare the perspective of medical students (MS), residents and residency program directors (PD). Methods : This needs assessment was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Online or printed questionnaires were used to assess the preferred format and content for this curriculum among MS, residents from most postgraduate medical training programs, and PD from Faculte de medecine de l’Universite Laval. Results : The questionnaires were completed by 26 PD (response rate 72.2%), 146 residents (response rate 21.9%) and 154 MS (response rate 15.7%). Among the list of potential subjects that could be included in the curriculum, Learning styles , Working with students in difficulty and Self-directed learning were scored high by both residents and PD. MS favored Learning styles , Teaching in the ambulatory care setting , Teaching health promotion and prevention , Teaching with time constraints and Direct supervision strategies . PD also favored Teaching conflict management and Teaching professionalism , however these were both among the residents’ lower scores. The preferred formats were One half-day , One day and Online learning for PD and One day , Two consecutive days and A few one-day sessions over several months for residents. Conclusion : The PD and MS perception of the optimal format and content for residents’ teaching-skills training showed some discrepancies when compared with residents’ preferences. Since PD are largely involved in curriculum development for their respective specialties and since MS are also well positioned to assess residents’ teaching performance, we suggest that PD, residents and MS should all be consulted locally before organizing any intervention for teaching curricula.
Colonial Dis-Ease

A variety of cross-cultural collisions and collusions - sometimes amusing, sometimes tragic, but always complex - resulted from the U.S. navy's introduction of Western health and sanitation practices to Guam's native population. In Colonial Dis-Ease, Anne Perez Hattori examines early twentieth-century U.S. military colonialism through the lens of Western medicine and its cultural impact on the Chamorro people. In four case studies, Hattori considers the histories of Chamorro leprosy patients exiled to Culion Leper Colony in the Philippines, hookworm programs for children, the regulation of native midwives and nurses, and the creation and operation of the Susana Hospital for women and children. Changes to Guam's traditional systems of health and hygiene placed demands not only on Chamorro bodies, but also on their cultural values, social relationships, political controls, and economic expectations. Hattori effectively demonstrates that the new health projects signified more than a benevolent interest in hygiene and the philanthropic sharing of medical knowledge. Rather the navy's health care regime in Guam was an important vehicle through which U.S. colonial power and moral authority over Chamorros was introduced and entrenched. Medical experts, navy doctors, and health care workers asserted their scientific knowledge as well as their administrative might and in the process became active participants in the colonization of Guam.
Trends in sputum smear conversion among smear-positive pulmo- nary tuberculosis patients

Sputum smear conversion during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment is an important indicator of patient response to therapy and as such determines the direction of TB patient care. This retro-spective review assessed the trends in sputum smear evaluation and conversion rates among follow up pulmonary tuberculosis patients presenting to the Tamale Teaching Hospital from January 2004 to December 2012. A total of 8,238 sputum smear cases comprising of 6,892 (83.7%) diagnoses and 1,346 (16.3%) follow-up cases were recorded. The 1,346 follow-up cases comprised of 57.8% (778/1346) males and 42.2% (568/1346) females. The percentage proportion of follow up cases that had their month of follow up, residential addresses, ages and smear results reported are 93.8% (1262/1346), 95.2% (1281/1346), 98.2% (1322/1346) and 97.8% (1309/1346) respectively. The cumula-tive median age was 43years (IQR: 30 to 55years) with the minimum and maximum ages being 14 and 80 years recorded in 2008 and 2012 respectively. Thirty eight percent (511/1,346) of follow-up cases were from the intensive phase (month 2) evaluation period. One hundred and eleven (111) of the follow up cases were smear positive representing a cumulative positivity rate of 8.5% (111/1309). This comprised of 75(67.6 %) males and 36(32.4%) females. Generally males were observed to be significantly more likely to delay smear conversion during treatment (OR = 1.560; p = 0.035, 95% CI=1.032- 2.359) compared to females. The ages of the positive cases ranged from 14 to 75 years with a median age of 45.5 years. The intensive phase (month 2) positivity rate was 8.1% (63/776) representing a conversion rate of 91.9%. Significant proportion (15.4%) of males were smear posi-tive and were more likely to remain positive after two months of therapy compared to their female counterparts (OR = 2, p = 0.02, CI = 0.098 – 1.299). Periodic surveillance of regional sputum smear late/non conversion among PTB patients on treatment would be useful in supporting Tb manage-ment in Ghana. Keywords : Mycobacterium tuberculosis, follow up, microscopy, acid fast bacilli, Ghana
Statically Detecting Vulnerabilities by Processing Programming Languages as Natural Languages

Web applications continue to be a favorite target for hackers due to a combination of wide adoption and rapid deployment cycles, which often lead to the introduction of high-impact vulnerabilities. Static analysis tools are important to search for vulnerabilities automatically in the program source code, supporting developers on their removal. However, building these tools requires programming the knowledge on how to discover the vulnerabilities. This article presents an alternative approach in which tools learn to detect flaws automatically by resorting to artificial intelligence concepts, more concretely to natural language processing. The approach employs a sequence model to learn to characterize vulnerabilities based on an annotated corpus. Afterwards, the model is utilized to discover and identify vulnerabilities in the source code. It was implemented in the DEKANT tool and evaluated experimentally with a large set of PHP applications and WordPress plugins. Overall, we found several thousand vulnerabilities belonging to 15 classes of input validation vulnerabilities, where 4143 of them were zero-day.
VFNet: A Convolutional Architecture for Accent Classification

Understanding accent is an issue which can derail any human-machine interaction. Accent classification makes this task easier by identifying the accent being spoken by a person so that the correct words being spoken can be identified by further processing, since same noises can mean entirely different words in different accents of the same language. In this paper, we present VFNet (Variable Filter Net), a convolutional neural network (CNN) based architecture which captures a hierarchy of features to beat the previous benchmarks of accent classification, through a novel and elegant technique of applying variable filter sizes along the frequency band of the audio utterances.
Quantum fluctuations in a strongly interacting Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer polariton condensate at thermal equilibrium

Microcavity electron-hole-photon systems in two-dimensions are long anticipated to exhibit a crossover from Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid, when carrier density is tuned to reach the Mott transition density. Yet, theoretical understanding of such a BEC-BCS crossover largely relies on the mean-field framework and the nature of the carriers at the crossover remains unclear to some extent. Here, motivated by the recent demonstration of a BCS polariton laser {[}Hu \textit{et al.}, arXiv:1902.00142{]} and based on a simplified short-range description of the electron-hole attraction, we examine the role of quantum fluctuations in an exciton-polariton condensate at thermal equilibrium and determine the number of different type carriers at the crossover beyond mean-field. Near Mott density and with ultra-strong light-matter coupling, we find an unexpectedly large phase window for a strongly correlated BCS polariton condensate, where both fermionic Bogoliubov quasi-particles and bosonic excitons are significantly populated and strongly couple to photons. We predict its photoluminescence spectra and show that the upper polariton energy gets notably renormalized, giving rise to a high-energy side-peak at large carrier density, as observed in recent experiments.
On the Effects of Collision Avoidance on Emergent Swarm Behavior

Swarms of autonomous agents, through their decentralized and robust nature, show great promise as a future solution to the myriad missions of business, military, and humanitarian relief. The diverse nature of mission sets creates the need for swarm algorithms to be deployed on a variety of hardware platforms. Certain swarm behaviors have been demonstrated on platforms where collisions between agents are harmless, but on many platforms collisions are prohibited since they would damage the agents involved. The available literature typically assumes that collisions can be avoided by adding a collision avoidance algorithm on top of an existing swarm behavior. Through an illustrative example in our experience replicating a particular behavior, we show that this can be difficult to achieve since the swarm behavior can be disrupted by the collision avoidance. We introduce metrics quantifying the level of disruption in our swarm behavior and propose a technique that is able to assist in tuning the collision avoidance algorithm such that the goal behavior is achieved as best as possible while collisions are avoided. We validate our results through simulation.
Hydrogen Effect on Plastic Deformation and Fracture in Austenitic Stainless Steel

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture behaviour of austenitic stainless steel has been investigated in the past [1][2]. It has been reported that fracture initiates by void formation at inclusions and regions of enhanced strain localisation [3]. There is experimental evidence that supports the fact that hydrogen influences void nucleation, growth and coalescence during material fracture [4]. This work investigates the effect of hydrogen on void growth and coalescence in austenitic stainless steel. The effect of hydrogen on void growth and coalescence for different stress triaxialities has been examined by analysing the stress strain response of a single crystal representative volume element (RVE). The results show that the higher the stress triaxiality, the lower the equivalent stress required to yield. This response is found to be similar irrespective of whether the material is being exposed to hydrogen or not. Lower equivalent strain values to yield were experienced for higher stress triaxialities for both hydrogen free and hydrogenated samples. Hydrogen slowed down void growth at high stress triaxialities but promoted void growth as lower triaxialities. For lower triaxialities, the presence of hydrogen was found to initially inhibit void growth at low equivalent strain values. However, this effect reversed at higher equivalent strain values and hydrogen was found to promote void growth. The effect of hydrogen promoting or inhibiting void growth have been shown to increase in magnitude with increasing hydrogen concentration.
Measurement Error as a Missing Data Problem

This article focuses on measurement error in covariates in regression analyses in which the aim is to estimate the association between one or more covariates and an outcome, adjusting for confounding. Error in covariate measurements, if ignored, results in biased estimates of parameters representing the associations of interest. Studies with variables measured with error can be considered as studies in which the true variable is missing, for either some or all study participants. We make the link between measurement error and missing data and describe methods for correcting for bias due to covariate measurement error with reference to this link, including regression calibration (conditional mean imputation), maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, and multiple imputation. The methods are illustrated using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to investigate the association between the error-prone covariate systolic blood pressure and the hazard of death due to cardiovascular disease, adjusted for several other variables including those subject to missing data. We use multiple imputation and Bayesian approaches that can address both measurement error and missing data simultaneously. Example data and R code are provided in supplementary materials.
Ethnobotanical approach against resistant endodontic pathogens using morinda species – an antimicrobial study.

Resistant microorganisms lack the ability to respond to conventional treatment resulting in reinfection of endodontically treated teeth, hence a greater risk of persistent periapical diseases. Aim:-As an unprecedented shift towards herbal remedies, Morinda citrifolia and Morinda tinctoria , known for their high therapeutic value were evaluated for antimicrobial efficacy . Materials and methods:- Morinda citrifolia and Morinda tinctoria extracts at varied concentrations were tested against most common endodontic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, resistant facultative anaerobe, Enterococcus faecalis and resistant aerobe, Staphylococcus aureus and compared them with the conventional irrigants, 3% NaOCl using agar well diffusion method. The zones of inhibition obtained were measured and the results were statistically analysed. Results: - The antimicrobial efficiency of M.tinctoria and M.citrifolia was statistically significant at different concentration when compared to 3% NaOCl. M.tinctoria at 60mg/ml concentration has antimicrobial efficacy comparable to that of 3% NaOCl. Conclusion:- Results showed that both Morinda tinctoria and Morinda citrifolia are efficient in inhibiting the growth of resistant microorganisms responsible for endodontic failure. M. tinctoria has shown better antimicrobial efficacy than Morinda citrifolia which is comparable to that of 3% NaOCl.
Numerically stable coded matrix computations via circulant and rotation matrix embeddings

Polynomial based methods have recently been used in several works for mitigating the effect of stragglers in distributed matrix computations. However, they suffer from serious numerical issues owing to the condition number of the corresponding real Vandermonde-structured recovery matrices. For a system with $n$ worker nodes where $s$ can be stragglers the condition number grows exponentially in n. We present a novel coded computation approach that leverages the properties of circulant permutation and rotation matrices. Our scheme has an optimal recovery threshold and an upper bound on the worst case condition number of our recovery matrices which grows as ≈ $O$(ns+6); in the practical scenario where $s$ is a constant, this grows polynomially in n. Our schemes leverage the well-behaved conditioning of complex Vandermonde matrices with parameters on the complex unit circle, while still working with computation over the reals. Exhaustive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method has condition numbers that are orders of magnitude lower than prior work.