Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral Pattern of Neonatal Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity: Comparison with Spectra from Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

The cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) frequency spectra were studied in 106 premature and term newborns (gestational age range, 24-42 wk) and compared with the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) spectra over the 0.005-0.5 Hz range. CBFV, BP, and HR were shown to have similar but not identical spectral patterns. Adjustment of a 1/fα model to these spectra produced highly significant fittings, but the residuals were not independent. This condition was met only by the CBFV and BP spectra over a limited frequency range (0.005-0.06 Hz). These results provide a characterization of the CBFV spectra for a much larger population of newborns than hitherto available, indicating that under certain conditions CBFV and BP might show the properties of chaotic systems. In infants without major complications, gestational age (GA) did not have a significant influence on the CBFV spectrum, whereas the spectral power to 0.5 Hz of both BP and HR was found to increase with GA. The spectral power increased over the first 24 h of postnatal life for all three variables; only CBFV showed a significant spectral change in the low frequency (LF, 0.02-0.08 Hz) range. A matched group comparison, adjusted for GA and postnatal age, indicated a reduction in CBFV LF power for term infants with birth asphyxia when compared with normal infants, which was not reproduced in the HR spectra.
Using Near‐Surface Ground Temperature Data to Derive Snow Insulation and Melt Indices for Mountain Permafrost Applications

The timing and duration of snow cover in areas of mountain permafrost affect the ground thermal regime by thermally insulating the ground from the atmosphere and modifying the radiation balance at the surface. Snow depth records, however, are sparse in high‐mountain terrains. Here, we present data processing techniques to approximate the thermal insulation effect of snow cover. We propose some simple ‘snow thermal insulation indices’ using daily and weekly variations in ground surface temperatures (GSTs), as well as a ‘snow melt index’ that approximates the snow melt rate using a degree‐day approach with air temperature during the zero curtain period. The indices consider point‐specific characteristics and allow the reconstruction of past snow thermal conditions and snow melt rates using long GST time series. The application of these indices to GST monitoring data from the Swiss Alps revealed large spatial and temporal variability in the start and duration of the high‐insulation period by snow and in the snow melt rate. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ActuAl And potentiAl open Access to scientific output in A specific country . A cAse study in ArgentinA

This paper presents a methodology to estimate the real and potential access to scientific research outputs in a specific country, based on an analysis of the access model of journals used by researchers to publish their articles. It includes a study of scientific production in Argentina from 2008 to 2010 in the following areas: medicine, physics and astronomy, agriculture and biological sciences, and social sciences and humanities. The sample was taken from the Scopus database and the journal access models selected through searches performed using DOAJ, e-revist@s, SciELO, RedALyC, PubMed, RomeoSherpa, and Dulcinea. The conclusion of this study is that Argentina offers suitable conditions to provide open access to a high percentage of the scientific literature produced at the national level, using repositories. In addition, the methodology used by the authors could be potentially used by other countries and topic areas. The results provide useful knowledge for repository managers at academic and research institutions to promote repository services development and to justify their maintenance.
The Effects of Market Participation on Farm Households’ Food Security in Cambodia: An endogenous switching approach

This paper evaluates the effects of market participation on farm households’ food security in rural Cambodia in terms of household dietary diversity score. The evaluation is carried out with an endogenous switching model built on data from the Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey conducted in 2009. This model accounts for selection bias arising from unobserved factors that potentially affect both the participation and food security. The model also controls for structural differences between participants and nonparticipants in markets in terms of food security functions. The results reveal that by participating in markets, farm households enjoy higher household dietary diversity score, thus confirming the hypothesis that participation in markets exerts positive effects on farm households’ food security.
FOUNDATIONS OF AMBIGUITY AND ECONOMIC MODELLING

Are foundations of models of ambiguity-sensitive preferences too flawed to be usefully applied to economic models? Al-Najjar and Weinstein (2009) say such is indeed the case. In this paper, first, we point out that many of the key arguments by Al-Najjar and Weinstein do not apply to quite a few of the ambiguity preference models of more recent vintage, and therefore to that extent do not undermine the foundational aspects or applicability of ambiguity models in general. Second, we argue the focus in that paper on Ellsberg examples is an overly narrow concern; the Ellsberg examples have their uses but they are not the best context to understand why reasonable real-world agents may find acting in an ambiguity-sensitive manner normatively or prescriptively appealing. Finally, normative considerations aside, we submit that Al-Najjar and Weinstein are unduly dismissive of the power of such preferences to provide illuminating positive analyses of economic phenomena.
Adjustment of diving behaviour with prey encounters and body condition in a deep diving predator: the Southern Elephant Seal

Summary 1. Optimal diving models have been developed to investigate how air-breathing predators should adjust their diving behaviour to optimize their foraging efficiency. Using time-depth recorders and 3D accelerometers, we addressed this question on six free-ranging Southern Elephant Seal (SES) females equipped on Kerguelen Island. 2. We hypothesize that seals would initially increase their foraging time with distance to the foraging patches before reducing it for physiological reasons, regardless of the prey encountered. We expect that SES spends more time at depths where more Prey Catch Attempts (PCA) occur, that is at the bottom. We also hypothesize that bottom time should be related to both the seal body density and the swimming effort dedicated to catching prey, as we expect seals to be more active when catching prey. Finally, because oxygen is acquired at the surface only, we expect that recovery times increase with the duration of the previous dives. 3. A total of 72� 6% of PCA detected by accelerometer occurred at the bottom of the dive. At shallow depths (<300 m), seals spent more time at the bottom in dives where PCA occurred compared to non-PCA dives. At deeper depths, SES had shorter bottom times in PCA dives due to higher swimming effort. When only dives associated with PCA were considered, the time spent at the bottom increased with the number of PCA. In addition, the closer the seal was to neutral buoyancy, the longer was the bottom duration. Body density, that is buoyancy, was found to be a critical factor in controlling variations in the dive duration through the swimming effort to access the prey at the bottom of the dive. Finally, post-dive surface intervals were related to the duration and swimming effort of the previous dive. 4. This study reveals how a marine top predator adjusts the time spent at the bottom depending on its body density, prey encounter rate and prey accessibility. It also highlights that using the duration of the foraging phase as a proxy of foraging success can be seriously misleading in SES. Finally, the need to use an energetic approach with bio-logging technology to study behavioural ecology is emphasized.
Risk associated with dipstick urinalysis for diagnosing urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent in the Brazilian population. Rapid tests, such as the urinalysis reagent strip and/or microscopy, guide the early diagnosis of UTIs and determine the performance of urine cultures. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of urinalysis by dipstick tests and compare with microscopic examination and culture and sensitivity of urine. A total of 400 patients participated in this study, which included medical requests for urinalysis strip reagents, microscopy and urine cultures. Random 50-ml samples were obtained at least two hours after the last urination; midstream urine samples were obtained after the participant had performed personal hygiene. The specificities were nitrite 99.7%, leukocyte esterase 85.2%, leukocyturia 78.2%, bacteriuria 96.6%, bacterioscopy 96.6%, and urinalysis 63.9%, with sensitivities of 27.9%, 44.2%, 76.7%, 81.4%, 81.4 and 97.7%, respectively; the area under the curve (AUCs) were 0.638, 0.647, 0.774, 0.890, 0.890 and 0.808, respectively, and the urine culture was considered the gold standard. Comparing the bacteriuria and bacterioscopy of all of the studied tests and parameters, the accuracy was below P <0.01.
Herding behaviour in extreme market conditions : the case of the Athens Stock Exchange Guglielmo

This paper examines herd behaviour in extreme market conditions using data from the Athens Stock Exchange. We test for the presence of herding as suggested by Christie and Huang (1995) and Chang, Cheng, and Khorana (2000). Results based on daily, weekly and monthly data indicate the existence of herd behaviour for the years 1998-2007. Evidence of herd behaviour over daily time intervals is much stronger, revealing the short-term nature of the phenomenon. When the testing period is broken into semi-annual sub-periods, herding is found during the stock market crisis of 1999. Investor behaviour seems to have become more rational since 2002, owing to the regulatory and institutional reforms of the Greek equity market and the intense presence of foreign institutional investors. Citation: Caporale, Guglielmo Maria, Fotini Economou, and Nikolaos Philippas, (2008) "Herding behaviour in extreme market conditions: the case of the Athens Stock Exchange. " Economics Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 17 pp. 1-13 Submitted: November 12, 2008. Accepted: November 16, 2008. URL: http://economicsbulletin.vanderbilt. edu/2008/volume7/EB-08G10021A.pdf HERD BEHAVIOUR IN EXTREME MARKET CONDITIONS: THE CASE OF THE ATHENS STOCK EXCHANGE Guglielmo Maria Caporale, Fotini Economou and Nikolaos Philippas Centre for Empirical Finance, Brunel University, West London, UB8 3PH, UK Department of Business Administration, University of Piraeus, 80 Karaoli and Dimitriou St., 18534 Piraeus, Greece *Corresponding author. E-mail: Guglielmo-Maria.Caporale@brunel.ac. uk
The megalopa and early juvenile development of Hepatus pudibundus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Aethroidea) reared from neuston samples

Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) is a crab commonly found in shallow waters of the Western Atlantic. Its larval and early post-larval morphology have already been described from laboratory hatched material. Around 200 megalopae of H. pudibundus were collected in neuston samples from the Ubatuba region, Brazil, during the summer of 2005-2006 and were successfully reared under laboratory conditions. The size of the megalopae obtained in the neuston was similar to those specimens previously described in the literature, except that the juvenile crab stages reared in the laboratory were slightly larger, probably due to the better feeding conditions in the laboratory. The duration of the juvenile stages was shorter in the present study than in previous attempts at laboratory rearing, even if conditions appeared to be similar. The main differences observed between studies were in megalopal morphology, which may be attributable to intraspecific variation but, possibly, also due to differences in levels of detail than previously performed.
Diving tourism on coral reefs in Florida: Variation in recreational diver behavior and impacts on reef corals

ii Acknowledgments iii List of Tables v List of Figures vi Chapter 1: Recreational diving tourism: impacts and implications for coral reefs 1 Types of ecotourism 1 Impacts of ecotourism on terrestrial trail systems 2 Marine ecotourism and threats to coral reefs 3 Recreational diving effect on coral reefs 5 Recreational diving impacts in Florida 6 Chapter 2: Effects of recreation diving on coral reefs at Key Largo, Florida 9 Introduction 9 Methods 11 Results 16 Discussion 21 References 30
Employee Resiliencies and Job Satisfaction

Abstract Resilience research has been found more in clinical setting, social field and educational background. However, the resilience researches related to industrial and organizational are rarely. In the organization, resilience owned by the employee will impact the level of job satisfaction. Resilient employees will develop a particular pattern of problem solving that makes him able to provide optimal contribution to the company. It can be stated that the employee job satisfaction level is suspected influenced by the resilience level. This study aimed to examine the correlation between the level of of tax consultant’s resilience on their perceived level of employee’s job satisfaction. The study was conducted on 52 employees who work in a tax consulting firm. The hypothesis of this study is the higher the level of employees’ resilience, the higher the employees’ job satisfaction level. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire MSQ was used to measure the level of job satisfaction, and also Wagnild and Young (1993) resilience scale was used to measure the level of employees’ resilience. The result show that resilience has positive relationship with job satisfaction level. Conclusions and suggestions of this study are discussed. Keywords: Resilience; Job Satisfaction; Quantitative Research; Employee Tax Consultants.
ENZYMATIC POLYMORPHISM IN CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) AND C. KOLTHOFFI

Isozymes can be used in order to study the importance of reproductive barriers between populations or species. The aim of this work is to study allozyme polymorphism in natural populations of Chrysoperla carnea (STEPHENS) and Chrysoperla kolthoffi (NAVÁS) collected in the West of France. Two enzymatic systems were studied by starch gel electrophoresis: diaphorase (DIA) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). For each enzymatic system, presumed loci were scored and genetic interpretation was proposed. The study of allozyme polymorphism at the DIA and IDH-2 loci provided evidence of marked genetic differences between Ch. carnea and Ch. kolthoffi.
Gaseous and Carbonaceous Composition of PM2.5 Emitted from Rural Vehicles in China

Rural vehicles (RVs) could contribute significantly to on-road vehicle emissions, especially PM2.5 and NOx; This study tested 10 three-wheeled (3-W) RVs and 8 four-wheeled (4-W) RVs on real roads in Hebei Province using a portable emissions measurement system to investigate gaseous concentrations (CO, NOx, and HC) and the carbonaceous composition (EC and OC) of the PM2.5 emitted. The results showed that the tightening emission standards resulted in the CO, HC, and PM2.5 emissions for China II RVs decreasing, but may increasing NOx emission for China II 3-W RVs. The emission level of PM2.5 for China II RVs is between Euro II LDDTs and Euro III LDDTs. The emission factors (EFs) of OC and EC for 3-W RVs were 0.035 ± 0.019 and 0.058 ± 0.055 g km-1, respectively, and for 4-W RVs, they were 0.046 ± 0.018 and 0.031 ± 0.024 g km-1, respectively. The carbonaceous component represents the main fraction of PM2.5 emitted from RVs (84.6% and 87.2% for 3-W and 4-W RVs, respectively), similar to other diesel vehicles. The average distance-based EFs of OC increased with increasing vehicle size (3-W RVs < 4-W RVs). The CO2-based EFs of OC and EC decreased with increasing vehicle mass, consistent with the emission laws of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Driving cycles that included more cruise mode and less creep mode resulted in a higher average EC/OC ratio (1.57) for 3-W RVs than for 4-W RVs (0.63), and resulted in the average EC/OC ratios for both types of RV were lower than for highway LDDTs.
Coaxial electrospinning as a process to engineer biodegradable polymeric scaffolds as drug delivery systems for anti-inflammatory and anti- thrombotic pharmaceutical agents

Abstract Objective: Blend electrospinning has been acknowledged as a cost-effective technique for the production of fibrous scaffolds, suitable for various biomedical applications. Coaxial electrospinning is a method variant that results in core-shell structures with advantages, such as delayed diffusion and protection of sensitive biomolecules. The aim of this work was to evaluate how different process and solution parameters affect the structural, mechanical and physical properties of the fibers, created by polycaprolactone (PCL). In addition, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) that was used as a model anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic agent, was loaded within the fiber meshes in order to compare release kinetics between fibers produced by conventional blend and coaxial electrospinning. Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the structural and morphological characteristics of the fibers. The fibers’ hydrophilicity was investigated using contact angle measurements while the electrical conductivity of the polymeric solutions and the thermal properties of the fibers were also evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the fibers’ melting point and mechanical tensile tests were performed in order to study the mechanical properties of the fibers. Moreover, UV-vis spectroscopy was used to determine the release kinetics of ASA. Results: The results indicated that increasing the concentration of PCL led to thicker and less aligned fibers. Furthermore, the physicochemical characterization did not reveal significant changes during the process. Coaxially electrospun fibers that were loaded with ASA exhibited a slower and sustained, biphasic release profile compared to blend electrospun fibers with 34% of ASA released during the first 8h and 97% in total after 3 months. Conclusion: Taken together, fibrous meshes created by coaxial electrospinning using PCL, can be tailor-made by a careful optimization of all the process and solution parameters, in order to fit the scope of specific applications in the fields of biomedical engineering and drug delivery.
ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES INCORPORATING COMBINED POST-TENSIONED AND POST-COMPRESSED REINFORCEMENTS

Although strengthening of structures by post-tensioning is much more common in practice, the authors did locate innovative literature on the theory and applications of post-compression which form the basis for this study. This work analytically assesses the behaviour and criteria for optimal performance of prestressed concrete structures under the combined actions of post-tensioning and post-compression. Magnel type diagrams are also developed to show the feasible solution regions for different loading conditions. The findings revealed that the prestressing forces in the post-tensioned tendons are independent of the eccentricity ratio, but increases perfectly curvilinearly up to prestressing ratio of 0.7 beyond which the technique becomes impracticable. On this basis, there is a realistic reduction of 50 percent in the eccentricity and possibly the overall depth of the concrete section over the conventional technique. This qualifies this structural innovation as a reliable candidate for long span structures.
Nanoparticle Optics: The Importance of Radiative Dipole Coupling in Two-Dimensional Nanoparticle Arrays †

In this paper, the electromagnetic interactions between noble metal nanoparticles are studied by measuring the extinction spectra of two-dimensional arrays of Au and Ag cylinders and trigonal prisms that have been fabricated with electron beam lithography. The nanoparticles are typically 200 nm in diameter and 35 nm in height; both hexagonal and square array patterns have been considered with lattice spacings that vary from 230 to 500 nm. The extinction spectra typically have a maximum in the 700−800 nm region of the spectrum, and this maximum blue shifts as lattice spacing is reduced, having typically a 40 nm decrease in λmax for a 100 nm decrease in lattice spacing. The results are similar for the different noble metals, array patterns, and nanoparticle shapes. The extinction spectra have been modeled using coupled dipole calculations, and the observed spectral variations are in good qualitative agreement with experimental data. Moreover, the computational analysis indicates that the blue shifts are due.
Honey, Food and Medicine: Scientific Rationale and Practical Efficiency in External Administration of Medicinal Honey for Wound Healing

Except for its benefits as food and medicine, honey has been used since ancient times as an external remedy in wound care, and has been the subject of numerous studies and research, that reveal its complex favorable action for wound healing. Based on scientific research and clinical studies published in literature, this work presents these various properties and therapeutic activities of honey dressings. Next, actions and clinical effects of L-Mesitran range of dressings, based on medicinal honey and authorized European Union (EU) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have been highlighted in a case series of patients in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Emergency District Hospital of Ploiesti, Romania, by monitoring the clinical local evolution of burns and other wounds. L-Mesitran range of products is based on the combination of medicinal honey and other ingredients, such as hypoallergenic medicinal lanolin, vitamins C and E. These sterilized preparations were applied for various skin lesions after wound cleansing, and exerted a favorable action on healing of burns and other wounds, sometimes in combination with surgical treatment, being applied in these cases before or after surgery. Further clinical studies are needed to establish the best indications, methods and forms of administration for each type of wounds, as well as the selection over other types of dressings.