Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ammonia and other parent molecules in comet 10P/Tempel 2 fromHerschel/HIFI and ground-based radio observations

The Jupiter-family comet 10P/Tempel 2 was observed during its 2010 return with the Herschel Space Observatory . We present here the observation of the JK (10‐00) transition of NH3 at 572 GHz in this comet with the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) of Herschel. We also report on radio observations of other molecules (HCN, CH3OH, H2S and CS) obtained during the 1999 return of the comet with the CSO telescope and the JCMT, and during its 2010 return with the IRAM 30-m telescope. Molecular abundances relative to water are 0.09%, 1.8%, 0.4%, and 0.08% for HCN, CH3OH, H2S, and CS, respectively. An abundance of 0.5% for NH3 is obtained, which is similar to the values measured in other comets. The hyperfine structure of the ammonia line is resolv ed for the first time in an astronomical source. Strong anisotro py in the outgassing is present in all observations from 1999 to 2010 and is modelled to derive the production rates.
Effects of Low-Cost Offsets on Energy Investment - New Perspectives on REDD

Tropical deforestation is one of the major sources of carbon emissions, but the Kyoto Protocol presently excludes avoiding these specific emissions to fulfill stabilization targets. Since the 13th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC in 2007, where the need for policy incentives for the reduction of emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) was first officially recognized, the focus of this debate has shifted to issues of implementation and methodology. One question is how REDD would be financed, which could be solved by integrating REDD credits into existing carbon markets. However, concern has been voiced regarding the effects that the availability of cheap REDD credits might have on energy investments and the development of clean technology. On the other hand, investors and producers are also worried that emissions trading schemes like the one installed in Europe might deter investment into new technologies and harm profits of existing plants due to fluctuations in the price of emissions permits. This paper seeks to contribute to this discussion by developing a real options model, where there is an option to invest in less carbon-intensive energy technology and an option to purchase credits on REDD, which you will exercise or not depending on the future evolution of CO2 prices. In this way, unresolved questions can still be addressed at a later stage, while producers and investors hold REDD options to maintain flexibility for later decisions. We find that investment in cleaner technology is not significantly affected if REDD options are priced as a derivative of CO2 permits. Indeed, the availability of REDD options helps to smooth out price fluctuations that might arise from permit trading and thus decreases risk for the producer - thereby being a complement to permit trading rather than an obstacle undermining cap-and-trade.
The role of calcium influx and calcium sensitization in contraction of isolated arteries of normotensive and hypertensive rat

Doktorská práce Mgr Michala Bencze obsahuje 69 stran textu včetně literatury schémat a grafů a je sepsána v anglickém jazyce. Samotná dizertace je podložena třemi publikacemi. Práce se zaměřuje na roli vápníku při vstupu a vápníkové sensitizace při kontrakci. Téma bylo studováno pomocí tří inhibitorů TRP kanálů. U inhibitoru 2-APB autor demonstroval inhibiční závislost na způsobu kontrakce a sodíkových iontů. U studie s SHR potkany prokázal tři potenciální mechanismy: uvolnění noradrenalinu z varikosit, nedostatečné otevírání draslíkových kanálů a změnu membránového potencialu. Dále autor prokázal že import vápníku je duležitější faktor u genetických modelů hypertenze potkanůSHR a Ren-2 Tg a naopak vápníková sensitizace neni u nich tak důležitá. Samotná dizertační práce dostatečně shrnuje metodologické přístupy. Dizertační práci Mgr Michala Bencze považuji za zdařilou.
"Thinking Back Home": Determinants of remittance flow among Ethiopian immigrants in Sweden A qualitative insight

Remittance as a direct cash reimbursement for “brain drain” stood as the main source of hard currency for many countries including Ethiopia and it is becoming an inevitable for development especially for those which are suffering in short of hard currency. This research is done with the preliminary premises that the formal remittance flow to Ethiopia is relatively low against the stock of emigrants, with its East African competitors and with SSA standards; the migrants’ channeling patterns has affected this. To examine these premises, the research has investigated the determinants of remittance flow from the remitters’ perspective utilizing qualitative method. Ethiopian national policy reactions towards remittance are also evaluated in relation to these remittances from abroad. This was made with the help of the micro and macroeconomic determinants of remittance. The application of depth interviews have revealed a new insight to the remittance business which is not explicitly found in the quantitative researches, as Ethiopian migrants indicate socioeconomic obligation as the main reason for their remittance. Whereas, lower accessibility of financial institutions on the receivers’ side, lower competition among money sending agencies in the remitters’ side, high transaction cost, higher exchange rate differentials which resulted to the wider availability of the “invisible channel” are responsible to the relatively low remittance flow through the formal channels which in turn proves the premises of this research. This is a mere insight to the complex nature of remittance with regards to Ethiopia.
Introduction of Al into the HPM-1 Framework by In Situ Generated Seeds as an Alternative Methodology

An alternative method for the introduction of aluminum into the STW zeolitic framework is presented. HPM-1, a chiral STW zeolite with helical pores, was synthesized in the pure silica form, and an aluminum source was added by in situ generated seeds. Displacements of the peak positions in the Al samples were found in the X-ray diffractograms, indicating the possible incorporation of the heteroatom into the framework. Using an analysis of the 29Si and 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectra, we concluded that the aluminum was effectively introduced into the framework. The (AlTETRAHEDRAL/AlOCTAHEDRAL) ratio and its textural properties were studied to explain the catalytic ethanol conversion results at medium temperatures. The sample with the lowest Si/Al ratio showed the best results due to its higher surface area and pore volume, in comparison to those observed for the sample with the highest Si/Al ratio, and due to its higher bulk tetrahedral aluminum content, in comparison to the intermediate Si/Al ratio sample. All catalysts were selective to ethylene and diethyl ether, confirming the presence of acidic sites.
Yq MICRODELETIONS IN IDIOPATHIC MALE INFERTILITY

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Dinesh Kumar. V, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India. E-Mail: dinesh.88560@gmail.com Introduction: Male infertility contributes to nearly 30% of the total infertile population worldwide. Genetic factors contribute to about 15% of the causes of male infertility. Systematically elucidating the underlying genetic causes (chromosomal and Yq microdeletion) may help to reduce the number of men with idiopathic infertility and provide them with the most suitable therapeutics and counseling. Materials and methods: In this study, we performed PCR based screening for AZF microdeletions in 40 men with idiopathic infertility and 40 age-matched fertile men who served as controls. Results and discussion: Three out of 40 (7.5%) infertile men harboured AZF microdeletions. One patient had AZF b and two patients had AZF c microdeletions. Conclusion: This genetic evaluation, apart from helping us to decide the treatment option, would also reduce the trauma of repeated ART failure, pregnancy loss, or the stigma of a bearing a physically, mentally, or reproductively challenged offspring.
Estimating Nitrogen and Acid Detergent Fiber Contents of Grass Species using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Chemical assessments of forage clearly determine the forage quality; however, traditional methods of analysis are somehow time consuming, costly, and technically demanding. Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been reported as a method for evaluating chemical composition of agriculture products, food, and forage and has several advantages over chemical analyses such as conducting cost-effective and rapid analyses with non-destructive sampling and small number of samples. This study aims to estimate Nitrogen (N) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) content of grass species using NIRS.A total of 171 samples of grasses (Poaceae) at vegetative, flowering, and seeding stages were collected from different regions in Iran. The samples were scanned in a NIRS DA 7200 (Perten instruments, Sweden) in a range of 950-1650 nm. The sample set consisted of 110 samples for calibration and 61 samples for validation was used to predict N and ADF. Samples were previously analyzed chemically for Nitrogen (N) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and then were scanned by NIRS. Calibration models between chemical data and NIRS were developed using partial least squares regression with the internal cross validation. The coefficients of determination (r2) of linear regression between chemical analyses and NIRS were 0.90 and 0.94 for N and ADF, respectively. The standard errors of prediction were 0.30% and 3.10% for N and ADF, respectively. The results achieved from this study indicated that NIRS has a potential to be used in the measurement of N and ADF contents regarding the forage samples.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IRANIAN EFL LEARNERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD LEARNING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE, MOTIVATION, AND THEIR LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY LEVEL

THIS STUDY AIMED AT INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IRANIAN STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD LEARNING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE, MOTIVATION, AND THEIR LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY LEVEL. TO THIS END, 137 STUDENTS PARTICIPATED IN THIS STUDY. THE STUDENTS WERE ADMINISTERED A QUESTIONNAIRE CONTAINING TWO SECTIONS ONE OF WHICH WAS ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH AND ITS CULTURE AND THE OTHER WAS RELATED TO STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD LEARNING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE. THE DATA WERE ANALYZED USING STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES (SPSS) VERSION 22. THE DATA ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT STUDENTS HAD POSITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARD LEARNING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE. HOWEVER, LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY LEVEL DID NOT HAVE ANY SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD LEARNING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE. THE RESULTS ALSO SHOWED THAT STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES WERE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH INSTRUMENTAL MOTIVATION. BUT THERE WAS A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTEGRATIVE MOTIVATION AND STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES. THE IMPLICATIONS ARE DISCUSSED AT THE END OF THE STUDY.
More constraints on internal heating rate of the Earth's mantle from plume observations

Our previous numerical studies of plume dynamics without secular cooling effects demonstrated that the internal heating rate of the Earth's mantle is constrained to be ∼70% by inferred plume heat flux and plume excess temperature in the upper mantle. In this paper, by integrating the secular cooling effects into the numerical studies, we demonstrate that the dependence of plume‐related observations on internal heating rate is not affected by secular cooling and that the plume‐related observations are only dependent on the internal heating rate and insensitive to its partitioning between radiogenic heating and secular cooling, thus confirming the conclusions of ∼70% internal heating rate from our previous numerical studies. Furthermore, we present a new analysis to constrain the internal heating rate with the plume‐related observations based on the energy balance of mantle convection. The analysis shows that the internal heating rate of the mantle has a lower bound of ∼60% to satisfy the energy balance of the mantle with current plume observations, which is consistent with the conclusions from our numerical studies.
Charismatic and Transformational Leadership Styles: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

Culture’s influence on leadership processes is generally accepted. However, differing leadership styles will be differentially impacted by the cultural context in which they seek to operate. The current paper examines two seemingly similar but distinct leadership styles, charismatic leadership and transformational leadership in the context of cultural dimensions of individualism-collectivism and tightness-looseness. A conceptual framework is presented to describe the interaction of these leadership styles and cultural dimensions. It is argued that charismatic leadership would be the preferred leadership style in individualistic and loose societies, whereas transformational leadership style would be more acceptable in collectivistic and tight societies. These insights have practical implications for design of leadership intervention programs for businesses spanning more than one culture.
Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Versus Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin In Advanced and or Metastatic Bilharzial Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder in Egypt.

Carcinoma of the bladder is the most prevalent cancer in Egypt. At the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, it constitutes 10.1% of all cancers for both sexes together1. In addition to the unique biological, epidemiological, pathological and clinical characteristics of bilharzial bladder cancer compared with the conventional transitional cell carcinoma seen in Western countries2, the disease also has a different chemoresponsiveness profile, as reported in a series of phase II single-agent and combination chemotherapy trials3,4.
Re-examining The Two-Step Flow of information in the age of digital media: The case of the 2012 presidential election in the United States

An online questionnaire was administered to a sample of 233 young adults qualified to vote in the 2012 U.S. presidential election. The findings show that respondents depended more on the traditional media and interpersonal sources to be aware of, form attitudes toward, and decide on political candidates and issues. The relationships of source use at the three stages point to a general flow of information quite different from that outlined in the two-step flow hypotheses. At the awareness stage, the findings indicate that people tended to choose between the traditional media and social networking sites as their main sources of information about the presidential election. Users of both sources also refer to interpersonal sources, indicating a complementary relationship. Thus, the interpersonal sources tended to supplement, but not replace, traditional and social media use. At the stage in which voters were forming their attitude about the candidates and their platforms, all three source categories were utilized, suggesting a symbiotic type of relationship among them. At the point when voters are trying to solidify their voting choice, the correlations show the traditional and social media competing for audience attention, supplemented by interpersonal sources. Voters used interpersonal sources across the three stages, suggesting their utility as political information conduits even in the digital age. In other words, the study failed to detect any evidence that the social media were replacing or substituting for interpersonal contacts—and the traditional media—as the main sources of presidential election information.
Sources without a name: An analysis of the source interaction between elite traditional news media and filter blogs

Political blogs have emerged as a new journalistic format that has gained influence on the political discourse in the United States. Previous research has shown that this influence stems mainly from attention given to blogs by traditional news media. Based on the concepts of intermedia agenda setting and agenda building, this study explored the source interaction between 10 elite traditional news media and 10 political filter blogs during a two-month period through an analysis of 2102 blog references and 4794 traditional news media sources and found that while traditional news media frequently cite blogs in their coverage, the source attributions to the blogs are vague. Blogs on the other hand heavily cite traditional news media, but the analysis revealed that conservative blogs cite elite traditional news media less than liberal blogs. Conservative blogs relied more on conservative media outlets in their election coverage. The findings raise questions about changes in the standard journalistic research and attribution procedures as both media formats often rely on each other as sources rather than on original reporting. Sources without a name 3 Sources without a name: An analysis of the source interaction between elite traditional news media and filter blogs
Effect of emotional valenced words on sex differences in stress and anxiety with age

5 Introduction . 6 1.1 Literature Review. 6 1.2 Emotional Stroop Task . 8 1.3 Stress . 9 1.4 Anxiety . 11 1.5 Age differences . 13 1.6 Current study . 15 Method . 17 2.1 Participants . 17 2.2 Design . 18 2.3 Materials . 19 2.4 Procedure . 21 2.5 Ethical considerations . 22 Results . 23 3.1 Descriptive Statistics . 23
Post-AGB stars in the SMC as tracers of stellar evolution: the extreme s-process enrichment of the 21 μm star J004441.04-732136.4

Context. This paper is part of a larger project in which we want to focus on the still poorly understood asymptotic giant branch (AGB) third dredge-up processes and associated s-process nucleosynthesis. Aims. We confront accurate spectral abundance analyses of post-AGB stars in both the Magellanic Clouds, to state-of-the-art AGB model predictions. With this comparison we aim at improving our understanding of the 3rd dredge-up phenomena and their dependencies on initial mass and metallicity. Methods. Because of the well constrained distance with respect to Galactic post-AGB stars, we choose an extra-galactic post-AGB star for this contribution, namely the only known 21 μm object of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC): J004441.04-732136.4. We used optical UVES spectra to perform an accurate spectral abundance analysis. With photometric data of multiple catalogues we construct a spectral energy distribution (SED) and perform a variability analysis. The results are then compared to predictions of tailored theoretical chemical AGB evolutionary models for which we used two evolution codes. Results. Spectral abundance results reveal J004441.04-732136.4 to be one of the most s-process enriched objects found up to date, while the photospheric C/O ratio of 1.9 ± 0.7, shows the star is only modestly C-rich. J004441.04-732136.4 also displays a low [Fe/H] = −1.34 ± 0.32, which is significantly lower than the mean metallicity of the SMC. From the SED, a luminosity of 7600 ± 200 L is found, together with E(B − V) = 0.64 ± 0.02. According to evolutionary post-AGB tracks, the initial mass should be ≈1.3 M . The photometric variability shows a clear period of 97.6 ± 0.3 days. The detected C/O as well as the high s-process overabundances (e.g. [Y/Fe] = 2.15, [La/Fe] = 2.84) are hard to reconcile with the predictions. The chemical models also predict a high Pb abundance, which is not compatible with the detected spectrum, and a very high 12C/13C, which is not yet constrained by observations. The predictions are only marginally dependent on the evolution codes used. Conclusions. By virtue of their spectral types, favourable bolometric corrections as well as their constrained distances, post-AGB stars in external galaxies offer unprecedented tests to AGB nucleosynthesis and dredge-up predictions. We focus here on one object J004441.04-732136.4, which is the only known 21 μm source of the SMC. We show that our theoretical predictions match the s-process distribution, but fail in reproducing the detected high overabundances and predict a high Pb abundance which is not detected. Additionally, there remain serious problems in explaining the observed pulsational properties of this source.
A New Basal Actinopterygian Fish from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Luoping, Yunnan Province, Southwest China

The new neopterygian fish taxon Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis gen. et sp. nov. is established on the basis of five specimens from the second member of the Guanling Formation (Anisian, Middle Triassic) from Daaozi Quarry, Luoping, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The new taxon is characterized by the following characters: triangular body outline with a distinct apex located between skull and dorsal fin; free maxilla; slender preopercular almost vertical; three suborbitals; at least eight strong branchiostegals with tubercles and comb-like ornamentation on the anterior margin; clavicles present; two postcleithra; ganoid scales covered by tubercles and pectinate ornamentation on the posterior margin with peg-and-socket structure; hemiheterocercal tail slightly forked. Comparison with basal actinopterygians reveals that the new taxon has parasemionotid-like triangular symplectics, but a semionotid opercular system. Cladistic analysis suggests that this new genus is a holostean, and either a basal halecomorph or basal semionotiform.
Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Spain

Presentation et analyse du systeme educatif espagnol en particulier ici, l'enseignement superieur. Les donnees statistiques recueillies sont confrontees aux chiffres du chomage permettant de definir la position des diplomes sur le marche du travail en Espagne.
VERTICAL STRESSES IN SUBGRADES BENEATH STATICALLY LOADED FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS

FULL-SCALE STATIC LOAD TESTS HAVE BEEN MADE OF SINGLE DUAL, AND DUAL TANDEM TRUCK TIRE LOADS ON FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS TO DETERMINE THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN THE SUBGRADE AND THE RELATIVE LOAD SPREADING ABILITY OF DIFFERENT BASE COURSE MATERIALS NOW IN USE BY THE GEORGIA HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT. THE MEASURED STRESSES BELOW TOPSOIL AND SOIL BOUND MACADAM BASE PAVEMENTS ARE COMPARABLE TO THOSE COMPUTED BY THE BOUSSINESQ THEORY. THE MEASURED STRESSES BELOW THE SAND ASPHALT ARE COMPARABLE TO OR SLIGHTLY MORE THAN THOSE COMPUTED BY THE BOUSSINESQ. THE STRESSES FOUND BELOW THE SOIL CEMENT BASE ARE MUCH LOWER THAN THOSE GIVEN BY BOUSSINESQ AND ARE COMPARABLE TO THE STRESSES FOUND BY THE TWO LAYER ELASTIC THEORIES. ASPHALTIC CONCRETE OVERLAYS REDUCE THE STRESSES TO THE SAME DEGREE AS AN EQUAL THICKNESS OF THE TOPSOIL OR SOIL BOUND MACADAM. /AUTHOR/
No 205 TRADE LIBERALIZATIONAND WAGE INEQUALITY : EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH ’ S COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY

The prediction of standard economic theory that trade liberalization reduces income inequality in developing countries has been challenged by several studies during recent decades. This paper explores this issue by analyzing the relationship between trade liberalization and skilled-unskilled wage inequality in the Bangladesh cotton textile industry. First cointegration analysis is used to test for long-run relationships between real wages and trade liberalization over the period 19712010, and then a two-equation error correction model is estimated for wages of skilled and unskilled workers. Trade liberalization, proxied by the evolution of Bangladesh’s international trade, is associated with increased real wages for both skilled and unskilled workers. The relative skilled-unskilled workers’ wage fluctuates over the study period, but it has no trend and is not related to increased openness. Trade liberalization thus seems to have increased labor productivity in the cotton textile industry without any noticeable effects on wage inequality.