Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of microsporidia infection among apparently healthy subject and immunocompromised patients in Minna

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasite that infect both vertebrate and invertebrate. In human, infection mostly focus on immunodeficiency and immunosuppressive individual. This study describes the prevalence, association of microsporidia infection with CD4 T Cell and risk factors associated with microsporidiosis among apparently health subject and immunocompromised individual in Minna, Niger state, Nigeria. Six hundred and Ninety-four (694) stools samples were collected and examined for microsporidia using Giemsa staining. Cytometer flow was used to determine CD4 T cell count. Pretest questionnaire was used to determine demographic, environmental hygiene, living condition and characteristics of the participants. Results showed 42 (6.06%) of the participant with and without diarrhoeawere positive for microsporidia infection. Histogram were used to describe distribution of microsporidia infection across diseases state. With cytometer flow, 6 (33.3%) among HIV/AIDS with ≤ 50 cell/µl. Highest prevalence were recorded among age ≥ 15 when compare with < 15 with 32 (10.8%) and 10 (7.47%), respectively. This study is first report of microsporidia in Niger state. Diagnose of microsporidia should be included in management of HIV/AIDS infection in Niger state.
Transaortic celiac plexus block: A computed tomography simulation study

Amac: Transaortik colyak pleksus blogu (CPB), kronik ust karin agrisinda kullanilmakta olan bir tedavi yontemidir. Islem oncesi teknik parametrelerin bilinmesi, blok sirasinda hekime kolaylik saglar. Bu amacla, calismamizda transaortik CPB'yi bilgisayarli tomografi (BT) ile simule ettik ve boylece ana teknik parametreleri ve komplikasyon riskini belirlemeyi amacladik. Yontem: Bu, gozlemsel bir calismaydi. 100 hastanin, transaksiyel, ince kesit, abdomino-pelvik BT goruntuleri incelendi. Aort duvar kalsifikasyonu, trombus ve anevrizma varligi gibi morfolojik bozukluklar kaydedildi. Her bir goruntude, lomber bolgede, orta hattan yedi cm solda igne giris yolagi cizildi. Sonrasinda, goruntulerde olusan organ penetrasyonlari, igne giris acilari ve deriden igne ucuna olan mesafeler kaydedildi. Ek olarak, transaortik gecisle colyak pleksusa ulasamadigimiz hastalarda basarili enjeksiyon icin uygun giris mesafesini ve acisini olctuk. Bulgular: Tanimlanmis seviye ve mesafeye gore BT ile simule edilmis goruntulerde hastalarin %73'unde aort icerisinden gecis saglayabildik. Ortalama igne giris acisi ve giris noktasindan igne ucuna olan mesafe sirasiyla 23,33 (3,36)°, 15,25 (1,20) cm ve bobrek penetrasyon orani %6,9 idi. Aorta erisemedigimiz % 27 hastada yapilan yeni olcumde, orta hattan ortalama igne giris mesafesi, ortalama igne giris acisi ve giris noktasindan hedef noktaya olan ortalama mesafe sirasiyla, 10,08 (1,25) cm, 34,04 (5,43)° ve 17,09 (1,32) cm idi. Bu hastalarda bobrek penetrasyon orani ise %44,4’tu. Sonuc: Transaortik CPB tekniginde, her zaman, basarili sekilde aort penetrasyonu saglanamaz. Erisim acisi ve mesafesi arttirildiginda, transaortik gecis saglanabilir, ancak organ hasar riski onemli olcude artar.
Family planning practices in couples with children affected by β-thalassemia major and its relationship with their education: An epidemiological study

BACKGROUND: Although prevention the birth of children with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is an important health issue, it is rarely explored. With this background, the study was designed to find family planning practices and related factors of couples with children affected by β-TM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational study, conducted among 324 parents with children affected by β-TM attending a tertiary care health facility in Eastern India. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression using SPSS. RESULTS: Of 324 parents, 89.5% were sexually active, 44.8% of which were currently using family planning method to prevent the birth of another child with the oral contraceptive pill most preferred (46.9%) followed by tubectomy (33.9%). Those who were sexually active, but not desirous of a child were 223, of which 41.7% had the unmet need for family planning with religious belief (41.9%) being the most predominant reason followed by unaware of methods (26.9%). In multivariable analysis, religion, caste, per capita monthly income, mothers’ education level, and working status were significant predictors of unmet need for family planning adjusted with others. CONCLUSIONS: Burden of unmet need for family planning among the study population was alarmingly high. Parents of the thalassemic children should be counseled in easily comprehensible local language to increase the rate of contraception among them.
Comparison of Dexmedetomidine with Pentazocine and Promethazine in Tympanoplasty Surgeries under Monitored Anaesthesia Care: A Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind Study

Background: Monitored Anaesthesia Care is a planned and suitable technique for tympanoplasty surgeries.The present study has been conducted to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine with combination of pentazocine and promethazine under local anaesthesia with primary end point being the haemodynamic stablity, sedation score and patient and surgeon satisfaction. Subjects and Methods: A prospective randomized double blind study was conducted in 60 ASA grade I-II patients in age groups of 18-60 years undergoing tympanoplasty surgeries. Patients were divided in 2 groups of 30 patients each. Group D received dexmedetomidine loading 1µg/kg intravenously followed by 0. 2µg/kg/hr infusion whereas Group PP received pentazocine and promethazine 0.5 mg/kg intavenously followed by normal saline infusion at 0. 2µg/kg/hr . Patients were assessed for Ramsay sedation score,intraoperative haemodynamic parameters, surgical bleeding score,patient and surgeon satisfaction scores, VAS score, need for rescue analgesics and side effects if any. Results: There was no difference in demographic data in both groups. Ramsay sedation score, surgeon and patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher in Group D than Group PP (p<0.001). Intraoperative bleeding scale and Haemodynamic parameters like heart rate,systolic ,diastolic and mean arterial pressure were significantly lower in Group D than Group PP (p<0.001). Lesser number of patients requiring rescue sedatives and analgesics in Group D as compared to Group PP(p<0.001). There was no significant difference in side effects in both groups. Conclusion: We concluded that Dexmedetomidine provides adequate sedation with better haemodynamic stability,good surgical field vision, surgeon and patient comfort without any adverse effects in tympanoplasty patients under local anaesthesia.
Voltage Clamp Analysis of Latent Pacemaker Cells Isolated from Cat Right Atrium

s: 1. Zhou Z. and Lipsius S.L. Ionic current mechanisms of latent atrial pacemakers. Circulation 82:Ill-526, 1990. 2. Zhou Z. and Lipsius S.L. SR Ca2+-mediated inward sodium current in latent atrial pacemaker cells. Circulation 84:11-167, 1991. 3. Zhou Z. and Lipsius S.L. Pacemaker current, ir recorded from latent atrial pacemaker cells using two different whole-cell recording methods. Circulation 84:11-178, 1991. 4. Zhou Z. and Lipsius S.L. Delayed outward potassium current, IK in latent atrial pacemaker cells. Circulation, 1992. (in press).
Comparison of Intrathecal Hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine and Isobaric 0.75% Ropivacaine in Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgeries

Background: The study was designed to compare the efficacy of 0.75% isobaric Ropivacaine (3ml) with 0.5 % Hyperbaric Bupivacaine (3ml) in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. Subjects and Methods: 100 patients between 18-60 years of age, of either sex, weighing 50-90 kgs, ASA- I and ASA- II, undergoing elective lower limb orthopaedic surgeries were randomly assigned into two groups-Group B -intrathecal hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine (3ml=15mg) and Group R - intrathecal isobaric 0.75% Ropivacaine (3ml=22.5mg). The time of onset of sensory and motor block, time of peak sensory and motor block, two segment sensory regression, motor block duration, duration of analgesia, the maximum sensory dermatomal level and side-effects were observed. Results: The time of onset of sensory and motor block was earlier in group B compared to Group R(p<0.001). The time of peak sensory and motor block was earlier in group B compared to group R (p<0.001). The heart rate, SBP and DBP were statistically insignificant between the two groups (p>0.05). The two dermatomal sensory regression of B group was significantly prolonged compared to group R (p=0.0206). The total duration of motor block and sensory was significantly prolonged (p<0.001) in group B. 30 patients (60%) of B group and 36 patients (72%) of R group showed a maximal sensory dermatomal level of T6. 8 patients (16%) of group B and 10 patients (20%) of group R showed a maximal sensory dermatomal level of T4. Five patients in group B had bradycardia (p<0.05). Add this new sentence in between. Seven patients in group B and one in group R had hypotension (p<0.05). Three patients in group B had vomiting (p>0.05). Conclusion: Ropivacaine produced satisfactory anaesthesia. Ropivacaine took a longer time to 'fix' to cause sensory and motor blockage. The lessor duration of the motor block of ropivacaine is desirable. Patient in Ropicaine group showed higher proportion of maximum level of sensory analgesia and lesser incidences of hypotension and bradycardia.
Susceptible loci associated with autoimmune disease as potential biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor-induced immune-related adverse events

Unprecedented successes regarding cancer immunotherapy have been achieved, in which therapeutic agents are used to target immune cells rather than cancer cells. The most effective immunotherapy to date is the group of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI), targeting, for example, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death protein (PD-1). TThe combination of these therapies (anti-PD-1 with anti-CTLA-4) induces high response rates, and seem to be increased further when applied in early-stage disease. However, combined CTLA-4 plus PD-1 blockade causes frequent high-grade immune-related adverse events (irAE). To date, research on biological mechanism of irAEs is scarce and no widely accepted biomarkers predicting onset of severe irAEs have been identified. The similarity of irAEs to autoimmune disorders fuels the hypothesis that irAEs may be linked to susceptible genetic loci related to various autoimmune diseases. In this review, we extensively searched for susceptible loci associated with various autoimmune diseases, and pooled them in groups most likely to be associated with CPI-induced irAEs. These sets could be used in future research on predicting irAEs and guide physicians in a more refined and personal manner.
Clinical Presentation of Abdominal Tuberculosis

Introduction . Nowadays, tuberculosis remains an issue of global. It may have affected all gastrointestinal organs, including peritoneum. Thus, diagnostic approach of this abdominal tuberculosis remains challenging as it may present non–specific features and mimics other abdominal pathologies. A study focused on clinical and laboratory findings, imaging and evaluation of management of those diagnosed as abdominal tuberculosis was required. Method. A cross–sectional study proceeded retrospectively aimed for an evaluation. All abdominal tuberculosis managed in dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta and Fatmawati General Hospital, Jakarta during January 2011 to December 2013 were enrolled. Data collected from data registration, subject’s characteristic, clinical findings, laboratory findings, and imaging were variables subjected to analysis. Results. There were forty–eight subjects recorded. The most symptoms found were abdominal pain (81.25%), abdominal distention (72.9%), fever (68.75%) and weight loss (68.75%). While as most laboratory findings were leukocytosis (52%) and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR (72.9%). And up to 50% subject showed normal chest x–ray while as other showed non–specific features for pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion. Clinical presentations showed to be diverse. Laboratory finding, and imaging maybe valuable to diagnose abdominal tuberculosis, although chest x–ray represents non–specific features for pulmonary tuberculosis. Evaluation of these clinical findings and lead to accurate diagnostic approach; which was determine the characteristics associated with abdominal tuberculosis diagnostics value (New Ropanasuri J Surg.2018;1(1):e186). Keywords : Abdominal Tuberculosis; Laboratory Test; Symptoms
The effect of duloxetine on ECoG activity of absence-epilepsy model in WAG/Rij rats

Oz Amac : Bircok epidemiyolojik calisma epilepsili hastalarda yuksek depresyon ve anksiyete insidansi oldugunu bulmustur. Duloxetin, serotonin ve norepinefrin geri aliminin secici bir inhibitorudur (SNRI) ve genellikle major depresif bozuklugu olan hastalara recete edilir. Bu calismanin amaci, absans-epilepsinin deneysel bir hayvan modeli olan WAG/Rij sicanlarda epileptiform aktive uzerine duloksetinin etkisini arastirmaktir. Yontem: WAG/Rij sicanlar her grupta 7 hayvan bulunan 5 gruba rasgele ayrildi. Elektrokortikografi (ECoG) degerlendirmesi yapabilmek icin kafataslarina tripolar elektrotlar yerlestirildi. Daha sonra, iyilesme periyodunu takiben, her sabah saat 09:00'da uc saat bazal ECoG kayitlari alindi. Sonrasinda, duloksetin (1, 5, 10 ve 30 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (i.p) enjekte edildi. Tedavi programi sonrasi, ECoG kaydi 3 saat boyunca alindi. Daha sonra tum hayvanlarin anksiyete benzeri davranislari davranissal test olan acik alan testi (AAT) ile test edildi. Diken dalga desarjlarinin (DDD) toplam sayisi ve toplam suresi hesaplandi. Gecilen karelerin sayisi (lokomotor aktivite) ve grooming bolumlerinin suresi AAT'de analiz edildi. Bulgular: Duloksetin (1 mg/kg) dozlari ECoG ve AAT parametrelerini degistirmedi. Intraperitoneal 1 mg/kg duloksetin uygulamasi, DDD'lerin sayisi ve suresi acisindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir degisiklik gostermedi. 5, 10 ve 30 mg / kg duloksetin dozlari kontrol grubuyla karsilastirildigi zaman DDD'lerin toplam sayisini ve suresini azaltti, (p <0.05) ve grooming suresini degistirmeksizin gecilen karelerin sayisini arttirdi. Sonuc: Sunulan calismada, duloksetinin, doza bagimli olarak absans benzeri nobetleri ve anksiyete benzeri davranislari azalttigi goruldu.
Investigation of the Relationship between Mesiodistal Crown Diameters and Tooth Extraction Decisions in Orthodontic Patients

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a relationship between extraction decisions and the mesiodistal sizes of the teeth in class I cases. Materials and Methods: 140 patients were allocated into two groups according to the orthodontic treatment plan (the fourpremolar- extraction protocol/non-extraction protocol). Their mesiodistal tooth widths were measured using dental casts and a digital calliper. The measurements were taken for all the permanent teeth, except the second and third molars. The data were evaluated using the Student's t-test to determine whether there were any differences between the groups. The analysis was performed separately for the different genders. Results: In female subjects, it was detected that the teeth numbered 15, 14, 13, 21, 23, 24, and 25 in the extraction group were significantly larger than the same teeth in the nonextraction group (p<0.05). Additionally, the sum of maxillary teeth in the extraction group was more than that for the non-extraction group. In male subjects as well, the teeth numbered 43, 41, and 32 in the extraction group were significantly larger than the same teeth in the nonextraction group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study helps to clarify the effect of odontometric measurements on extraction decisions.
Pregnancy in a Rudimentary Horn with a Live 19-Weeks Fetus: a Case Report

Background: A unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn is a rare uterine anomaly occurring in 1 out of 100,000 to 140,000 pregnancies. The diagnosis of this complication is conventionally difficult and missed, which may cause uterine rupture leading to hemoperitoneum. The standard treatment is the surgical excision of the horn through laparotomy. The aim of this report was to introduce a case of pregnancy in a rudimentary horn of the uterus. Case report: We present a 31-year old nulliparous woman at 19 weeks of gestation with a live fetus in a rudimentary horn. The first ultrasound showed a bicornuate uterus at 13 weeks. The patient was referred to Mobini Hospital with abdominal and epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Repeated blood tests, ultrasonography, and clinical signs raised the suspicion of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. The diagnosis of a rudimentary horn pregnancy was made in the operative room. The rudimentary horn with the left tube was excised and the patient was discharged in good condition two days later. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of following up of patients whose early ultrasound indicates a uterine anomaly. In addition, obstetricians and midwives must have a high level of clinical suspicion and pay careful attention to such complicated cases.
Comparing the effectiveness of kaltenborn mobilization with thermotherapy versus kaltenborn mobilization alone in patients with frozen shoulder [adhesive capsulitis]: A randomized control trial.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of Kaltenborn mobilization combined with thermotherapy versus Kaltenborn mobilization alone in patients with adhesive capsulitis. METHODS The randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Hayatabad Medical Complex and Habib Physiotherapy Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, from January to June 2017, and comprised patients with adhesive capsulitis. The subjects were randomised into two groups. Group A received Kaltenborn mobilisation with thermotherapy, while group B received Kaltenborn mobilisation alone. Shoulder pain and disability index was used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Of the 30 patients, 15(50%) were in each of the two groups. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). Pre- and post-treatment Shoulder pain and disability index score of group A was 75.27}5.738 and 12.33}1.988 respectively (p<0.05). Corresponding scores in group B were 73.67}6.137 and 64.13}5 (p<0.05). Group A showed greater reduction in disability compared to group B (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Kaltenborn mobilisation combined with thermotherapy was found to be more effective than Kaltenborn mobilisation alone in patients with adhesive capsulitis.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Serological Infectivity Status among Pregnant Women at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common public health problem worldwide and pregnancy associated with HBV infection even poses some unique and difficult challenges. Vertical transmission of HBV in HB s Ag-positive mothers is usually very high when the mother is Hepatitis B e antigen (HB e Ag) positive with a high viral DNA load. Reduction or complete interruption of mother-to-child transmission of HBV will greatly reduce the number of HBV carriers in high endemic regions like ours. Aims and Objectives This study determined the prevalence, risk factors and serological infectivity status of hepatitis B surface antigen (HB s Ag) among pregnant women in our centre. Methods It was a cross-sectional study that involved consecutive recruitment of 500 pregnant women attending antenatal care or who delivered at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri. HB s Ag and HB e Ag tests were done. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Results Out of the 500 pregnant women, only 8 were positive for HB s Ag giving a prevalence of 1.6%. None of the 8 women who tested positive for HB s Ag was positive for HB e Ag. Among the variables assessed for risk correlation between HB s Ag serostatus, only positive history of HIV infection and unbooked status were obtained as independent risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection in this study. Conclusion The prevalence of HB s Ag among the obstetrics population in this study was low, 1.6% and the serological infectivity status was negligible as none of those who tested positive for HB s Ag was positive for HB e Ag. HIV infection and unbooked status were the only independent risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection in this study. Keywords: HBV infection, Infectivity status, Risk factors, Pregnancy.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of conjunctival melanoma: current insights

Purpose: To evaluate the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in conjunctival melanoma (CM). Methods: This article provides a review of the literature from PUBMED. Results: Data on SLNB in the management of CM are scarce and only two relatively large cohorts have been reported. Although indication criteria for SLNB vary slightly, positive findings can be expected in 11%–13% of CM cases, including small tumors. False negative SLNB findings are rare (<10%). Failure to identify SLNB has been attributed to the surgical learning curve and recurrent tumors with scar tissue impeding spread of the tracer material. Reported 5-year survival rate following CM management including SLNB, is up to 79%, but there are no comparative cohort studies proving the assumed benefit. Adverse events reported were non-severe and transient. Conclusion: Patients can potentially benefit from SLNB and the procedure can be offered to eligible patients. However, there is not enough evidence to support SLNB as a mandatory part of CM management.
EFFECT OF SELF EFFICACY AND PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ON STUDENTS’ SKILLS

This research aims to determine: (1) Information about the information of self-efficacy, prior knowledge, and skills of students in the subject of Advanced Computer Network course in Information and computer technology education IKIP PGRI Pontianak, (2) The effect of self efficacy on the skills of students in the subject of Advanced Computer Network course in Information and computer technology education IKIP PGRI Pontianak, (3) Effect prior knowledge of the skills of students in the subject of Advanced Computer Network course in Information and computer technology education IKIP PGRI Pontianak, and (4) The effect of self-efficacy and prior knowledge of the skills of students in the subject of Advanced Computer Network course in Information and computer technology education IKIP PGRI Pontianak. This research is an ex-post facto research with correlation design. The independent variable in this research were self efficacy (X 1 ) and prior knowledge (X 2 ) . While the dependent variable in this research is the students' skills (Y). The sample in this research were 108 students of Information and computer technology education IKIP PGRI Pontianak. The analysis technique used is simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results of the research: (1) The level of prior knowledge of students of 79 146 at intervals of 50.70 - 99.99, the level of self-efficacy of students at 56.45 with intervals of 48-65, and the skill level of students at 72.38 with intervals of 51.50 - 81.50. (2) there are significant positive and significant correlation between self efficacy against students' skills by 9.2%. (3) there is a positive and significant influence between the prior knowledge the students' skills of 10.7%. (4) there are significant positive and significant correlation between self-efficacy and prior knowledge the students' skills of 17.4%.