Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IRREGULAR SATELLITE CAPTURE BY EXCHANGE REACTIONS

The study of the origin of irregular satellites remains important in planetary science because it provides constraints on the formation process of giant planets and probes the properties of a now-extinct planetesimal disk that existed at 5-30 AU early in solar system history. While several putative scenarios of irregular-satellite capture around giant planets have been developed, various uncertainties and the lack of an accurate model of the evolutionary history of the solar system usually prevent an assessment of their overall likelihood. Here we study a three-body interaction scenario in which irregular satellites are formed by dissociation of a planetesimal binary in the gravity field of a planet. Within the frame of the Nice model, we determine how many irregular satellites are expected to be formed about each of the giant planets. We pay special attention to a possible capture of Triton via this mechanism. We find that Triton could have been captured via a binary dissociation very soon after Neptune's formation when the planetesimal disk was still dynamically cold. Triton was most likely captured by a dissociation of a binary system where the more massive component was ∼2–5 times heavier than Triton. Our results suggest that Neptune, the formation of Triton's binary, and the capture of Triton around Neptune all occurred within the first ∼5–10 Myr of solar system formation when the gas disk was still present. This would rule out the late formation of ice giants. Our results also indicate that binary dissociation is a highly unlikely process for the origin of small irregular satellites for two reasons. First, the orbital distribution of the captured bodies is inconsistent with that of the observed irregular satellites. Second, the efficiency of the captures is too low to explain the numerous populations of small irregular satellites.
Adding chemotherapy to TKI: can we improve first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients?

In The Journal of Clinical Oncology , Ying Cheng and colleagues (1) have recently reported the results of a phase II randomized trial comparing pemetrexed plus gefitinib vs. gefitinib in treatment-naive, East Asian patients, with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. The study met its primary end-point in the intent-to-treat population, showing a significantly longer median progression free survival (PFS) in favors of the combination arm (15.8 months) compared to single agent arm (10.9 months) [hazard ratio (HR): 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96; one-sided P=0.014; two-sided P=0.029].
Relatedness and Genotype × Environment Interaction Affect Prediction Accuracies in Genomic Selection: A Study in Cassava

Before implementation of genomic selection, evaluation of the potential accuracy of prediction can be obtained by cross-validation. In this procedure, a population with both phenotypes and genotypes is split into training and validation sets. The prediction model is fi tted using the training set, and its accuracy is calculated on the validation set. The degree of genetic relatedness between the training and validation sets may infl uence the expected accuracy as may the genotype × environment (G×E) interaction in those sets. We developed a method to assess these effects and tested it in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). We used historical phenotypic data available from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Genetic Gain trial and performed genotyping by sequencing for these clones. We tested cross-validation sampling schemes preventing the training and validation sets from sharing (i) genetically close clones or (ii) similar evaluation locations. For 19 traits, plot-basis heritabilities ranged from 0.04 to 0.66. The correlation between predicted and observed phenotypes ranged from 0.15 to 0.47. Across traits, predicting for less related clones decreased accuracy from 0 to 0.07, a small but consistent effect. For 17 traits, predicting for different locations decreased accuracy between 0.01 and 0.18. Genomic selection has potential to accelerate gains in cassava and the existing training population should give a reasonable estimate of future prediction accuracies.
Biochemical and Molecular Actions of Nutritients The Hypoglycemic Effects of Hesperidin and Naringin Are Partly Mediated by Hepatic Glucose-Regulating Enzymes in C 57 BL / KsJ-db / db Mice 1

Dietary antioxidant compounds such as bioflavonoids may offer some protection against the early stage of diabetes mellitus and the development of complications. We investigated the effect of citrus bioflavonoids on blood glucose level, hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes activities, hepatic glycogen concentration, and plasma insulin levels, and assessed the relations between plasma leptin and body weight, blood glucose, and plasma insulin. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice (db/db mice, 5 wk old), an animal model for type 2 diabetes, were fed a nonpurified diet for 2 wk and then were fed an AIN-76 control diet or the control diet supplemented with hesperidin (0.2 g/kg diet) or naringin (0.2 g/kg diet). Hesperidin and naringin supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose compared with the control group. Hepatic glucokinase activity and glycogen concentration were both significantly elevated in the hesperidinand the naringin-supplemented groups compared with the control group. Naringin also markedly lowered the activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase compared with the control group. Plasma insulin, C-peptide, and leptin levels in the db/db mice from the 2 bioflavonoid-supplemented groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, plasma leptin was positively correlated with plasma insulin level (r 0.578, P 0.01) and body weight (r 0.541, P 0.05), and was inversely correlated with the blood glucose level (r 0.46, P 0.05). The current results suggest that hesperidin and naringin both play important roles in preventing the progression of hyperglycemia, partly by increasing hepatic glycolysis and glycogen concentration and/or by lowering hepatic gluconeogenesis. J. Nutr. 134: 2499–2503, 2004.
Remnant radio-loud AGN in the Herschel-ATLAS field

Only a small fraction of observed active galactic nuclei (AGN) display large-scale radio emission associated with jets, yet these radio-loud AGN have become increasingly important in models of galaxy evolution. In determining the dynamics and energetics of the radio sources over cosmic time, a key question concerns what happens when their jets switch off. The resulting ‘remnant' radio-loud AGN have been surprisingly evasive in past radio surveys, and therefore statistical information on the population of radio-loud AGN in their dying phase is limited. In this paper, with the recent developments of Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) and the Very Large Array, we are able to provide a systematically selected sample of remnant radio-loud AGN in the Herschel-ATLAS field. Using a simple core-detection method, we constrain the upper limit on the fraction of remnants in our radio-loud AGN sample to 9 per cent, implying that the extended lobe emission fades rapidly once the core/jets turn off. We also find that our remnant sample has a wide range of spectral indices (−1.5 ⩽ α1400150 ⩽ −0.5), confirming that the lobes of some remnants may possess flat spectra at low frequencies just as active sources do. We suggest that, even with the unprecedented sensitivity of LOFAR, our sample may still only contain the youngest of the remnant population.
Short-term effect of organic residue incorporation on soil aggregate stability along gradient in salinity in the lower cheliff plain (Algeria)

A field experiment was performed to examine the effectiveness of adding two kinds of organic materials (wheat Straw and cattle manure) on the soil aggregate stability along a gradient in salinity in the lower cheliff plain (western Algeria). The experiment was set up in a factorial design by complete randomized blocks with three replicates. The treatments were applied at a rate of 4 g C kg-1 soil. One year after organic amendments, mean weight diameter (MWD) was measured using the Le Bissonais method (1996). Other soil properties involved in saline soil aggregation were also measured, namely, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), pH, cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and hot water extractable polysaccharide (HWEP). The resultsdemonstrated a significant effect of organic inputs in improving aggregate stability; the effectiveness was related to the type of aggregate stability test that has been used, organic matter type and the level of soil salinity. The wheat straw proved to be more efficient in soil aggregation than cattle manure. Most of the considered soil properties were significantly influenced by organic inputs. Overall, correlation analysis revealed that enhanced microbial biomass was the most important factor in stabilizing soil aggregates (r = 0.72 with MWDMB and r = 0.64 with MWDFW). Therefore, MWD influences soil porosity (r = 0.67 with MWDMB and r = 0.56 with MWDFW), which in turn resulted in increased hydraulic conductivity (r = 0.77 with MWDMB and r = 0.87 with MWDFW). Key words: Wheat straw, cattle manure, soil salinity, aggregate stability, soil properties.
The effect of sunn pest infested grains on wheat quality in different field conditions.

In order to determine the effect of the number of grains infested with sunn pest (Eurygaster austriaca Schrk. and Eurygaster maura L.) on the quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we analyzed five commercial varieties of bread wheat grown in field conditions in 2003/2004 on ten localities in Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. A range from 0.8% to 8.26% of infested grains was registered on the analyzed sites. Reduction of quality traits (protein content – PC, sedimentation value – SV1, modified sedimentation value – SV2, wet gluten content – WG and energy test – E) was observed in accordance to the number of infested grains (damaged grain – DG). Statistically significant differences were determined in the number of damaged grains and analyzed quality traits between localities, varieties and their interaction (locality x variety). Although there was significant variation for the PC, WG and SV1 between localities, it was not as high as for SV2 and E. Obtained by modified Zeleny test, SV2 is considered to be an objective parameter for determining the infested grains. Results of this study indicated a different intensity of bug attack in researched localities. In addition, there was a different reaction of varieties to the wheat bugs bite, which may be used in plant breeding programs for the improvement of bread wheat resistance against attack of bugs.
Comparison of self-efficacy, self-esteem, social anxiety, shyness and aggression among high school students with different levels of assertiveness

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the self- efficacy, self -esteem, social anxiety, shyness and aggression among the high school students with different levels of assertiveness. Materials and Methods: In this study, 311 first and second grade high-school students were selected from the five regions of Tehran (North, South, Central, East, and West) through cluster sampling. The low, high and moderate-assertive participants were recognized based on the mean and standard deviation of assertiveness. Multivariate analysis (MANOVA) was used to compare the research variables in the three groups. Results: The results showed a significance value of F for Wilks lambda (F=4.12, P=0.001) indicating the overall differences in different levels of assertiveness. There was a significant difference in self-efficacy (P<0.001, F: 13.77) and self-esteem (P<0.001, F: 4.80) in three groups of assertiveness. Moreover, a significant difference was found in aggression (P<0.001, F: 12.1), social anxiety (P<0.001, F: 5.24) and shyness (P<0.001, F: 8.65) among the high, low and moderate-assertive students. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the high-assertive students had the higher levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem and lower levels of social anxiety, shyness and aggression as compared to the low and moderate-assertive students.
Pollen‐Pistil Interactions in North American and Chinese Cypripedium L. (Orchidaceae)

Fluorescence microscopy is used to compare frequencies of pollen tube penetration in in situ populations of Cypripedium bardolphianum W.W. Smith et Farrer, Cypripedium flavum W.W. Smith, Cypripedium montanum Dougl. ex Lindl. , Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury var. pubescens (Wildenow) O.W. Knight, Cypripedium reginae Walter, and Cypripedium tibeticum Schltr. The average natural (insect‐mediated) pollination rates measured over five seasons are wide ranging among the six species (0.08–0.74). However, the pollination rate of hand‐manipulated populations (self and/or cross) is significantly greater than the rate of insect‐mediated pollinations in all species studied. A few pollen tubes in both self‐ and cross‐pollinations display aberrant growth in the styles and/or ovaries, but their numbers are too small to suggest evidence of self‐incompatibility. Pollen tubes germinate and grow up to the bases of styles within 48 h in C. bardolphianum, C. flavum, and C. tibeticum. Pollen tubes remain at the bases of the styles in C. montanum for 5 d after pollination. In C. parviflorum, pollen tubes penetrate ovaries at 7 d. Pollen tube penetration of ovaries is observed within 15 d after hand pollination in all six species but remains incomplete at this time, with the greatest number of ovule penetrations observed in C. reginae (which has the shortest floral life span). Therefore, we suggest there are additional factors aside from low pollinator visitation for low conversion rates of flowers into fruits in these Cypripedium species. These include inadequate pollen loads deposited on receptive stigmas (pollen limitation), coupled with environmental stress and/or predation disrupting or destroying the slow processes of fertilization and/or fruit maturation.
Along‐strike variations of earthquake apparent stress at the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, subduction zone

Oceanic plates vary in temperature, topography, and sediment load as they enter subduction zones. These variations persist along the subduction interface causing perturbations in coupling and earthquake rupture processes. We explore the effects of variable subducting plate structure on microseismicity rupture characteristics along the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. The subducting Cocos Plate has low relief along the northern and central portion of the peninsula, with seamounts present at the southern tip of the peninsula. We compute apparent stresses for 94 ML 2.5–4.2 earthquakes along the plate interface using waveform coda and find along‐strike variations that mimic bathymetric variability. Median stress values are higher (3.2 MPa) in the smooth northern region, with lower values in the central (2.1 MPa) and southern (0.7 MPa) segments. Higher apparent stresses along a zone of little suspected subduction topography imply increased coupling or higher friction along the interface. These results agree with geodetic and other seismic studies that suggest variable plate coupling along the Nicoya Peninsula.
BIOscrabble - Extraction of Biological Analogies out of Large Text Sources

How to identify a promising biological solution for developing an innovative technical product? To answer this question, approaches have been developed that support engineers in scanning biological texts for relevant biological analogies. However, existing approaches underutilize biological research articles as a text source, because the enormous amount of biological information contained in these articles is difficult to manage. Nevertheless, this search source is very comprehensive and represents the current state of biological research. Hence, it is worth further consideration. In this research, a search support for bio-inspired design called BIOscrabble is illustrated. It addresses the issue of extracting promising biological analogies out of huge biological text sources. Besides supporting the selection of useful search terms, it proposes different graph-based representations of the search to divide the biological information that is obtained in manageable "packages".
Fifth Year Performance of Morphologically Graded Cedrus libani Seedlings in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey*

The effects of morphological characteristics on seedling performance were studied in Cedrus libani seedlings at 3 locations in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Some 2+0 seedlings were morphologically graded according to height and root collar diameter sizes. The seedlings were divided into 5 height categories and each height category was divided into small and large root collar diameter subcategories. The morphologically graded seedlings were planted at 3 locations. After 5 growing seasons, the mean survival of the seedlings planted in Ankara, Eskiflehir and Konya locations was 84.4%, 77.9% and 54.7%, respectively. The mean height of seedlings planted in Ankara, Eskiflehir and Konya was 78.5, 51.8 and 48.7 cm, respectively. Survival and height growth of graded seedlings showed significant differences among the locations, which might be a reflection of differences in climatic and physiographic conditions among the locations. The initial height and root collar diameter of seedlings had no effect on survival. Only root collar diameter had a significant effect on height growth. Initial height differences among different sized stocks were still significant after 5 years, but had not expanded. Our results suggest that initial seedling morphology is not a good predictor of field survival but root collar diameter is a good indicator of the growth potential of C. libani seedlings after planting. This study indicated that the physiological characteristics of seedlings have a strong influence on seedling survival potential.
Bio-inspired swing leg control for spring-mass running robots

We proposed three swing leg control policies for spring-mass running robots, inspired by experimental data from our recent collaborative work on ground running birds. Previous investigations suggest that animals may prioritize injury avoidance and/or efficiency as their objective function during running rather than maintaining limit-cycle stability. Therefore, in this study we targeted structural capacity (maximum leg force to avoid damage) and efficiency as the main goals for our control policies, since these objective functions are crucial to reduce motor size and structure weight. Each proposed policy controls the leg angle as a function of time during flight phase such that its objective function during the subsequent stance phase is regulated. The three objective functions that are regulated in the control policies are i) the leg peak force, ii) the axial impulse, and iii) the leg actuator work. It should be noted that each control policy regulates one single objective function. Surprisingly, all three swing leg control policies result in nearly identical subsequent stance phase dynamics. This implies that the implementation of any of the proposed control policies would satisfy both goals (damage avoidance and efficiency) at once. Furthermore, all three control policies require a surprisingly simple leg angle adjustment: leg retraction with constant angular acceleration.
The chemical composition and mycoflora of sundried shelled melon seeds (Citrullus vulgaris) during storage.

The chemical composition and the mycoflora of shelled melon seeds were investigated during twenty weeks storage. Seven fungi were isolated namely Fusarium sp. Rhizopus sp. , Mucor sp. , Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamari and two species of Penicillium. The fungal count was found to increase as the storage time increased. The proximate and the mineral composition were found to decrease as the storage time increased. The fat content was found to decrease from 45.95% in the freshly shelled melon seeds to 39.49% in the stored seeds. The ash content decreased from 4.05% to 3.46% in the stored melon seeds while the fibre content decreased from 7.18% to 5.75% in the stored seeds. The mineral composition in mg/100g also decreased during the storage. The sodium content decreased from 2.71 to 2.47, calcium from 0.59 to 0.24, magnesium from 5.91 to 5.75, zinc from 0.75 to 0.63, iron from 1.11 to 0.63, copper from 0.26 to 0.19 and manganese was not detected.
Two-photon self-Kerr nonlinearities for quantum computing and quantum optics

The self-Kerr interaction is an optical nonlinearity that produces a phase shift proportional to the square of the number of photons in the field. At present, many proposals use nonlinearities to generate photon-photon interactions. For propagating fields these interactions result in undesirable features such as spectral correlation between the photons. Here we engineer a discrete network composed of cross-Kerr interaction regions to simulate a self-Kerr medium. The medium has effective long-range interactions implemented in a physically local way. We compute the one- and two-photon S matrices for fields propagating in this medium. From these scattering matrices we show that our proposal leads to a high-fidelity photon-photon gate. In the limit where the number of nodes in the network tends to infinity, the medium approximates a perfect self-Kerr interaction in the one- and two-photon regime.
Antibiotic Resistance to Third Generation Cephalosporins Due to CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli

Background: Organisms producing CTX-M-�-lactamase are emerging around the world as a source of resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins such as cefotaxime. However, the laboratory detection of these strains is not well defined. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of known CTX-M-�-lactamases genes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from hospitals of Tehran. Methods: During six months (September to February, 2006), 160 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli collected from three university hospitals of Tehran. Phenotypic screening and confirmation tests for ESBL detection was according to CLSI advised. All of the ESBL-producing isolates were examined by PCR for presence of bla CTX-M genes. Results: Primary phenptypic tests revealed that %56.69 (n=89) of E. coli isolates produced ESBLs. In confirmatory tests by use of clavulanic acid, ESBL production were confirmed (P+C+) in %96.7 (n=86) of isolates with primary positive test. The presence of an ESBL was not confirmed (P+C-) in 3.3% (n=3) of the screen positive. Of all screen positive isolates, 34 (35.78%) were positive for bla CTX-M genes from the CTX-M-I group, indicating CTX-M-1-like �-lactamases and Two (2.1%) were positive for bla CTX-M genes from the CTX-M-III group, indicating CTX-M-3-like �-lactamases. The remainder 59 (62.2%) were negative for bla CTX-M genes. Conclusions: The levels of resistance to ceftazidim were remarkably varible among CTX-M producers. This study provides futher evidence of the global dissemination of CTX-M type ESBLs and emphasize the need for their epidemiological monitoring.