Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sumudu transform fundamental properties investigations and applications.

The Sumudu transform, whose fundamental properties are presented in this paper, is still not widely known, nor used. Having scale and unit-preserving properties, the Sumudu transform may be used to solve problems without resorting to a new frequency domain. In 2003, Belgacem et al. have shown it to be the theoretical dual to the Laplace transform, and hence ought to rival it in problem solving. Here, using the Laplace-Sumudu duality (LSD), we avail the reader with a complex formulation for the inverse Sumudu transform. Furthermore, we generalize all existing Sumudu differentiation, integration, and convolution theorems in the existing literature. We also generalize all existing Sumudu shifting theorems, and introduce new results and recurrence results, in this regard. Moreover, we use the Sumudu shift theorems to introduce a paradigm shift into the thinking of transform usage, with respect to solving differential equations, that may be unique to this transform due to its unit-preserving properties. Finally, we provide a large and more comprehensive list of Sumudu transforms of functions than is available in the literature.
Active tectonics of the east Alborz mountains, NE Iran: Rupture of the left‐lateral Astaneh fault system during the great 856 A.D. Qumis earthquake

The 856 A.D. Qumis earthquake (M7.9) is the most destructive earthquake to have occurred in Iran, killing more than 200,000 people and destroying the cities of Damghan and the old Parthian capital of Shahr-i Qumis (Hecatompylos). This study combines evidence of historical seismicity with observations of the geomorphology and paleoseismology to provide the first detailed description of active faulting in the Damghan region of the east Alborz mountains, Iran. Regional left-lateral shear is accommodated on the Astaneh, Damghan, and North Damghan faults. Quaternary alluvial fans have been displaced along the Astaneh fault, with 15–20 m stream offsets recording the cumulative displacement over the last two to five earthquakes. A paleoseismology study from a single trench along a 5–10 km segment of the Astaneh fault reveals a rupture prior to 1300 A.D. and significantly later than 600 B.C. Despite the limitations of a single trench in documenting the spatial and temporal evolution of the fault over the late Quaternary, we are nevertheless able to bracket the last event to a time period consistent with the 856 A.D. earthquake. Two older earthquakes were also identified during the Holocene occurring between 600 B.C. and 4600 B.C. and between 4600 B.C. and 9600 B.C. The location of our trench within a bend on the Astaneh fault, which could act as a barrier to rupture propagation, means the three earthquakes recovered from our trench over the Holocene may represent a minimum. Further trenching will reveal how the Astaneh fault ruptures over repeated earthquakes and, consequently, the magnitude and extent of slip during the 856 A.D. earthquake.
Treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and the risk of acute coronary syndromes in early rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease, in both early and established RA. Data on the risk of ischemic heart disease in relation to therapy with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists (anti-TNF) are conflicting in patients with established RA and essentially lacking in those with early RA. In established RA, the risk of myocardial infarction has been linked to the response to anti-TNF therapies. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients with early RA in relation to treatment with, and response to, anti-TNF. METHODS A cohort consisting of patients in whom RA was diagnosed between 1999 and 2007 was identified from the Swedish Rheumatology Register (n=6,000), from which information on disease activity and pharmacologic treatments was extracted. In a cohort study, the risk of first occurrence of an ACS was compared between patients treated with anti-TNF and those without exposure to anti-TNF, using hazard ratios (HRs). In a nested case-control study, the relationship between response to anti-TNF according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria and the risk of ACS was investigated. RESULTS In the cohort study, treatment with anti-TNF was not related to any statistically significant alteration in the risk of ACS (HR 0.80, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.52-1.24). In the nested case-control study, a good or moderate EULAR treatment response at 3 months and at 6 months was not associated with a risk of ACS (odds ratio [OR] 1.7, 95% CI 0.5-5.1 and OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.3-6.9, respectively), when adjusted for disease activity before treatment start. CONCLUSION In this study of patients treated with anti-TNF within the first years of RA, neither treatment with, nor response to, anti-TNF therapy could be linked to any statistically significant decrease in the risk of ACS.
SUN-529 Burden of Illness in Adults with Hypophosphatasia: Data From the Global Hypophosphatasia Patient Registry

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited, metabolic disease caused by deficient tissue non‐specific alkaline phosphatase activity. This study aims to assess patient‐reported pain, disability and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in a real‐world cohort of adults with HPP who were not receiving asfotase alfa during the analysis. Adults (≥18 years old) with HPP (confirmed by ALPL gene mutation and/or low serum alkaline phosphatase activity for age/sex) were identified from the Global HPP Registry (NCT02306720). Demographics, clinical characteristics, and data on patient‐reported pain, disability, and HRQoL (assessed by Brief Pain Inventory Short Form [BPI‐SF], Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index [HAQ‐DI], and 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey version 2 [SF‐36v2], respectively) were stratified by pediatric‐ and adult‐onset HPP and summarized descriptively. Of the 304 adults included (median [min, max] age 48.6 [18.8, 79.8] years; 74% women), 45% had adult‐onset HPP and 33% had pediatric‐onset HPP (unknown age of onset, 22%). Of those with data, 38% had experienced ≥5 HPP manifestations and 62% had a history of ≥1 fracture/pseudofracture. Median (Q1, Q3) BPI‐SF scores were 3.5 (1.5, 5.3) for pain severity and 3.3 (0.9, 6.2) for pain interference. Median (Q1, Q3) disability on the HAQ‐DI was 0.3 (0.0, 0.7). Median (Q1, Q3) physical and mental component summary scores on the SF‐36v2 were 42.4 (32.7, 49.9) and 45.3 (36.3, 54.8), respectively. Greater numbers of HPP manifestations experienced/body systems affected correlated significantly with poorer scores on the BPI‐SF, HAQ‐DI, and SF‐36v2 (all p < 0.05). No significant differences between adults with pediatric‐ and adult‐onset HPP were observed for patient‐reported outcomes, except for disability and the BPI‐SF question “pain at its worst,” which were significantly higher among adults with pediatric‐ versus adult‐onset HPP (p = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). These data from the Global HPP Registry show that adults with HPP have a substantial burden of illness that is associated with reduced patient‐reported HRQoL, regardless of age of disease onset. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The role of aberrant transcription factor in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disease with distinct biological and clinical features. The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and BCR/ABL fusion gene is the major cytogenetic and molecular marker of CML chronic phase. However, the molecular mechanisms of disease progression are not well known. Recent studies have shown that a several of transcription factors such as AML1, C/EBPα, HOX and GATA family play important role in hematopoiesis. In addition, the aberrations of these transcription factors including mutations or translocations have also been found to contribute the disease progression. Hence, BCR/ABL and aberrant transcription factors may result in the phenotype of CML blast crisis together.
ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND PROLINE CONTENT OF Agropyron desertorum UNDER DROUGHT STRESS

Agropyron desertorum Fischer is one of the most important drought- tolerant grasses. This grass has been recently proposed as ground cover in landscapes. The objective of this investigation was evaluation of morphological and physiological responses of A. desertorum subjected to drought stress conditions in semiarid regions of Iran. A. desertorum was grown in six replicates and exposed to outdoors by withholding irrigation for 20d until leaf wilting of most plants reach 90% then rewatered for 8d. During the stress period, all traits such as relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf wilting (LW), grass quality (GQ), chlorophyll content (Chl), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline were measured 5d intervals in this experiment. The results showed that drought stress declined grass quality and chlorophyll content, while electrolyte leakage and leaf wilting increased with prolonged stress treatment. Leaf wilting decreased during rewatering and it was similar to control plants at 8d. Drought stress had no effect on RWC, whereas induced oxidative injury due to increase in lipid peroxidation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) initially increased and then decreased at 20d, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX) remained unchanged for 10 days and then increased. The higher activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and proline content were observed during exposure to drought stress in comparison with control plants. The physiological indicators under drought stress were significantly correlated each other except CAT and SOD. These results suggested that drought tolerance could be related to increase in antioxidant activities and proline content. However, prolonged drought stress suppressed SOD and CAT activities and induced lipid peroxidation.
Routing Problems on the Mesh of Buses

The mesh of buses (MBUSs) is a parallel computation model which consists of n×n processors, n row buses and n column buses. Upper and lower bounds for the routing problem over MBUSs are discussed. We first show elementary upper and lower bounds, 2n and 0.5n, respectively, for its parallel time complexity. The gap between 2n and 0.5n is then narrowed to 1.5n and n1 which is the main theme of the paper. The n lower bound might seem to be trivial but is actually not. Three counter examples will be shown against this kind of easy intuition.
Factors reducing hemolysis rates in blood samples from the emergency department

The pre-dominant source of mistakes in laboratory medicine are pre-analytical variables (1). Among the various problems that occur in the pre-analytical phase, in vitro hemolysis is often reported as the leading source of error. Hemolysis is defined as a rupture of red blood cells with release of hemoglobulin and other intracellular contents into plasma. When hemolysis occurs, the blood is unsuitable for many lab analyses (e.g., potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, coagulation testing) (2). Thus, a second specimen must be obtained, resulting in patient discomfort and increased staff workload. In addition, re-collection of hemolyzed blood specimens delays patient care in emergency situations in overcrowded emergency departments. Blood collection using newly inserted intravenous (IV) catheters is the favored technique in our emergency department for two main reasons. The main reason for obtaining laboratory blood specimens using the IV catheter is patient comfort, with most patients preferring a single venipuncture. In addition, it is less time consuming to obtain blood from a newly established IV site compared with finding another site from which to obtain blood. Hemolyzed samples negate the efficiency that is gained by combining blood collection and IV insertion into one venipuncture. During the period of June–December 2008, we compared the number of blood samples arriving from our emergency department with the number of tubes from another department. The clinical chemistry section of our laboratory received 9754 samples from internal medicine, collected by venipuncture, and 8710 tubes from the emergency department, collected using IV catheters, for routine testing. In both
HSV induces an early primary Th1 CD4 T cell response in neonatal mice, but reduced CTL activity at the time of the peak adult response

Neonates are highly susceptible to HSV. In this study, we analyzed the primary neonatal cell‐mediated response to HSV at the site of T cell activation, the draining lymph nodes (LN), and examined the effects of dose and the ability of HSV to replicate on the strength and character of this response. Neonatal mice mounted a predominantly Th1 cytokine (IFN‐γ) response at all doses of a replication‐competent thymidine kinase‐negative HSV‐2 strain (186ΔKpn) and at high doses of a replication‐defective HSV‐2 virus (dl5–29, UL5–/UL29–). Both neonates and adults showed increased production of Th2 cytokines (IL‐4 and/or IL‐5) at high doses of the replication‐defective or inactivated HSV strains. An age‐dependent difference in the strength of the Th1 response was noted, with neonates mounting adult‐like responses at low but not high doses of HSV. Neonatal mice also showed impaired CD8+ T cell activation and reduced HSV‐specific CTL effector function at the time of the peak adult response. These studies are the first to highlight the impaired primary neonatal T cell response to HSV in the LN.
"TB or Not TB?" That is the Question.

A 36-year-old man was evaluated in the emergency department with severe headaches, bilateral leg numbness, and bilateral decreased vision. Headaches, neck stiffness, and intermittent blurry vision had begun 6 months earlier, at which time brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast was unremarkable. Symptoms slowly progressed and 1 month before presentation, while on vacation in Ecuador, the patient had a prolonged generalized seizure requiring intubation, after which he was discharged without antiepileptic medication. The patient’s medical history was significant for a Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination as a child in Ecuador. He emigrated to the United States at age 19 years. In 2005, he had a positive purified protein derivative test for tuberculosis (TB) but a negative chest x-ray. In 2011, he developed pleuritic chest pain and chest radiography showed a 3-cm cavitary lung lesion in the right upper lobe. He was diagnosed with active pulmonary TB and completed treatment in 2013, 4 months before the onset of initial neurological symptoms. On examination, the patient was drowsy but arousable to verbal stimuli and oriented to person, place, and time. Visual acuity was light perception in each eye and pupils reacted sluggishly to light. Ocular versions were full, with an exotropia of 30 prism diopters. Ophthalmoscopy showed bilateral optic disc edema. Strength was reduced in all limbs. There was less response to painful stimuli in the lower extremities than in the upper extremities. Reflexes were 2+ and symmetric with absent Hoffman and Babinski signs. Differential diagnosis included an intracranial mass lesion, vasculitis involving the central nervous system (CNS), encephalopathy of toxic, nutritional, infectious, or inflammatory etiology, or a meningeal process of infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic etiology. A repeat brain MRI was performed with and without contrast. A lumbar spine MRI also was performed. Dr. Schatz:
Derivatives of the spectral radius as a function of non-negative matrix elements

Let A = (aij) be a non-negative n × n matrix, that is, aij ≥ 0, i, j = 1, …, n; n > 1. We write A ≥ 0. Let r = r(A) be the spectral radius of A; assume r > 0 throughout to avoid trivial cases. Let be the mth derivative of r with respect to the element aij, all other elements of A being held constant.
Effects of radiofrequency exposure emitted from a GSM mobile phone on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural stem cells

Due to the importance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in plasticity of the nervous system and treating neurodegenerative diseases, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a GSM 900-MHz mobile phone with different exposure duration on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult murine NSCs in vitro. We used neurosphere assay to evaluate NSCs proliferation, and immunofluorescence assay of neural cell markers to examine NSCs differentiation. We also employed alamarBlue and caspase 3 apoptosis assays to assess harmful effects of mobile phone on NSCs. Our results showed that the number and size of resulting neurospheres and also the percentage of cells differentiated into neurons decreased significantly with increasing exposure duration to GSM 900-MHz radiofrequency (RF)-electromagnetic field (EMF). In contrast, exposure to GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF at different durations did not influence cell viability and apoptosis of NSCs and also their astrocytic differentiation. It is concluded that accumulating dose of GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF might have devastating effects on NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis requiring more causations in terms of using mobile devices.
IFN‐γ‐induced IDO and WRS expression in microglia is differentially regulated by IL‐4

Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan catabolizing enzyme, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. IDO expression is induced by IFN‐γ and leads to neurotoxicity by generating quinolinic acid. Additionally, it inhibits the immune response through both tryptophan depletion and generating other tryptophan catabolites. IL‐4 and IL‐13 have been shown to control IDO expression by antagonizing the effects of IFN‐γ in different cell types. Here, we investigated the effects of these cytokines on IDO expression in microglia. Interestingly, we observed that both IL‐4 and IL‐13 greatly enhanced IFN‐γ‐induced IDO expression. However, tryptophanyl‐tRNA synthetase (WRS), which is coinduced with IDO by IFN‐γ, is downregulated by IL‐4 and IL‐13. The effect of IL‐4 and IL‐13 was independent of STAT‐6. Modulation of IDO but not WRS was eliminated by inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway further differentiated the regulation of these two enzymes, as inhibiting the PI3K pathway eliminated IFN‐γ induction of IDO, whereas such inhibition greatly enhanced WRS expression. These findings show discordance between modulations of expression of two distinct enzymes utilizing tryptophan as a common substrate, and raise the possibility of their involvement in regulating immune responses in various neurological disorders. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracranial germ cell tumors in children with and without Down syndrome.

PURPOSE Two Chinese children with Down syndrome affected by intracranial germ cell tumors are described. Because they represent two of eight affected patients in the current series from 1990 to 1996, it is postulated that such occurrence may be more than a coincidental event. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two children with Down syndrome developed germ cell tumors in atypical intracranial sites that affected basal ganglion and cerebellum. The pathology showed germinoma and yolk sac tumor, respectively. These were treated by radical surgical resection and chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin, but without radiotherapy. RESULTS One patient survived 3 years without radiologic evidence of tumor. The other died from infective complications caused by severe myelosuppression after chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Subtle neurologic manifestations in developmentally handicapped patients with intracranial space-occupying lesions could result in delayed diagnosis. Children with Down syndrome suffering from brain tumors may have a higher chance for germ cell tumors. Assay for alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin could hasten diagnosis in some cases. This observation and review of literature suggest an increased risk of developing intracranial germ cell tumors in subjects with Down syndrome.
Improving Burden and Coping Skills in Frontotemporal Dementia Caregivers: A Pilot Study

Caregivers of people with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) show higher levels of burden than do those caring for people with Alzheimer disease.1,2 This almost certainly reflects several factors, including symptoms of the patient, rate of disease progression,3 caregiver depression,3,4 or coping style. Moreover, caregivers often find themselves deprived of specialist care in the community, and most programs, when available, focus on memory problems, which are less relevant in FTD. Despite emergent literature and clinical relevance, no studies, to our knowledge, have explored caregiver interventions to reduce burden and enhance coping skills in FTD. To address this gap, the current study aimed to verify the utility of a specific intervention in FTD caregivers, based on an adapted Canadian program targeting problem solving, reframing, and seeking support.5 Primary outcomes were reduction of caregiver burden and reaction to patient behavior; secondary outcomes were decreasing caregiver depression, anxiety, stress, and changing coping strategy where necessary.
The amphioxus T‐box gene, AmphiTbx15/18/22, illuminates the origins of chordate segmentation

SUMMARY Amphioxus and vertebrates are the only deuterostomes to exhibit unequivocal somitic segmentation. The relative simplicity of the amphioxus genome makes it a favorable organism for elucidating the basic genetic network required for chordate somite development. Here we describe the developmental expression of the somite marker, AmphiTbx15/18/22, which is first expressed at the mid‐gastrula stage in dorsolateral mesendoderm. At the early neurula stage, expression is detected in the first three pairs of developing somites. By the mid‐neurula stage, expression is downregulated in anterior somites, and only detected in the penultimate somite primordia. In early larvae, the gene is expressed in nascent somites before they pinch off from the posterior archenteron (tail bud). Integrating functional, phylogenetic and expression data from a variety of triploblast organisms, we have reconstructed the evolutionary history of the Tbx15/18/22 subfamily. This analysis suggests that the Tbx15/18/22 gene may have played a role in patterning somites in the last common ancestor of all chordates, a role that was later conserved by its descendents following gene duplications within the vertebrate lineage. Furthermore, the comparison of expression domains within this gene subfamily reveals similarities in the genetic bases of trunk and cranial mesoderm segmentation. This lends support to the hypothesis that the vertebrate head evolved from an ancestor possessing segmented cranial mesoderm.