Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Universality of the Rapid Neutron-capture Process Revealed by a Possible Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy Star

The rapid neutron-capture or r-process is thought to produce the majority of the heavy elements ( ) in extremely metal-poor stars. The same process is also responsible for a significant fraction of the heavy elements in the Sun. This universality of the r-process is one of its characteristic features, as well as one of the most important clues to its astrophysical origin. We report the discovery of an extremely metal-poor field giant with and , the lowest abundances of strontium and barium relative to iron ever observed. Despite its low abundances, the star 2MASS J151113.24–213003.0 has , therefore its neutron-capture abundances are consistent with the main solar r-process pattern that has . It has been suggested that extremely low neutron-capture abundances are a characteristic of dwarf galaxies, and we find that this star is on a highly eccentric orbit with an apocenter ≳100 kpc that lies in the disk of satellites in the halo of the Milky Way. We show that other extremely metal-poor stars with low [Sr, Ba/H] and [Sr, Ba/Fe] plus solar [Sr/Ba] tend to have orbits with large apocenters, consistent with a dwarf galaxy origin for this class of object. The nucleosynthesis event that produced the neutron-capture elements in 2MASS J151113.24–213003.0 must produce both strontium and barium together in the solar ratio. We exclude contributions from the s-process in intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch or fast-rotating massive metal-poor stars, pair-instability supernovae, the weak r-process, and neutron-star mergers. We argue that the event was a Pop III or extreme Pop II core-collapse supernova explosion.
Analysis of Kenyan isolates of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli from common bean using colony characteristics, pathogenicity and microsatellite DNA

Fusarium solani (Mart) f.sp. phaseoli (Burk) Synd. and Hans. , is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes root rot in garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). To evaluate methods used in classifying strains of this pathogen, 52 Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli isolates from infected bean plants grown on different farms in Taita hills of Coast province, Kenya, were cultured and characterized using morphology, pathogenicity and microsatellite DNA. All the isolates showed high variability in aerial mycelial growth, mycelia texture, pigmentation (mycelia colour) when cultured on potato dextrose agar medium, and conidial measurements on Spezieller Nahrstoffarmer agar medium. Colonies were grouped into luxuriant, moderately luxuriant and scanty on aerial mycelial growth; fluffy and fibrous based on mycelial texture; purple, pink and white based on mycelia colour; aid long, medium and short macroconidial length. All the isolates were pathogenic on GLP-2 (Rosecoco), a susceptible bean variety commonly grown in Kenya. DNA analysis showed that the isolates carried a high genetic diversity (gene diversity = 0.686; mean number of alleles = 9). Neighbour-Joining phylogenetic clusters reconstructed using microsatellite variation showed three major clusters. However, the microsatellite groupings were independent of the altitude, colony characteristics and virulence of the isolates.
Reconstruction the past using futuristic developments: Trends and perspectives using logger technology on penguins.

Over the last two decades there has been remarkable progress in the development of sensory systems coupled with loggers that have been attached to free-living marine animals. Increases in sensor resolution, sensor diversity and memory size have been coupled with decreases in unit size. Thus, the periods over which animals have been monitored have increased from hours to months while the sampling frequency has decreased from minutes or seconds to fractions of a second. Four main interrelated trends can be identified. Determination of; (1) animal position in three dimensions, (2) the characteristics of the environment in which the animals operate, (3) animal behaviour and (4) energy management. The elucidation of these trends in penguins is discussed and perspectives given with regard to what is expected in the future. key words: penguins, data loggers, prey capture, 3 dimensional movement, energy expenditure
Effect of Processing Methods on Nutritive Value of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

This study was carried out to determine the effect of processing methods on catfish ( Clarias gariepinus). A total of fifty four catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) were used for the experiment. The average weight of the fish used was 500g. The experimental design was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatments been the processing methods (smoking, frying and boiling) all replicated thrice. The adopted indices of fish quality assessment of the samples collected were organoleptic assessment, proximate composition and microbial analysis. There was significant difference (P < 0.001) among the group respondent over a period of 5 days with the chi-square statistics test (? 2 = 51.436 xxx ) for boiled fish, (? 2 = 54.464 xxx ) for fried fish and (? 2 = 77.348 xxx ) for smoked fish samples. The result suggested that protein quality will be better retained from smoked fish samples than fried fish samples left at ambient over days as there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in the crude protein of the smoked fish samples between day 1 and the day 5 of the experiment while significant difference (p < 0.05) existed between day 1 and day 5 in fried fish samples. The microorganisms found on the fish samples included Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus spp and Pseudomonas spp. Keywords: smoking, frying, boiling and catfish
Selective dissolution of magnetic iron oxides in the acid-ammonium oxalate/ferrous iron extraction method-I. Synthetic samples

SUMMARY In soil magnetism, the magnetic parameters alone are not always sufficient to distinguish the lithogenic from the pedogenic magnetic fractions. Sequential extraction techniques have therefore been incorporated into magnetic studies to constrain the environmental interpretation. Here we report on the dissolution behaviour of magnetite and maghemite in the acid‐ammonium oxalate method to see whether the method is suitable for specific dissolution of magnetic minerals from soils and sediments. To prevent changes in the extraction mechanism during the experiments (see Appendix A), we used an adapted version of the acid‐ammonium oxalate (AAO) method, in which Fe 2+ is added to the extraction solution prior to the experiment [the AAO-Fe(II) method]. The procedure was divided into several 30 min extraction steps to check the dissolution progress. Synthetic samples containing a quartz matrix with 0.1 wt per cent of iron oxides were extracted with the AAO-Fe(II) method. The iron oxides consisted of either magnetite or maghemite with grain sizes of <0.5 mm (fine grained or SD/PSD) and <5 mm (coarse grained or MD/PSD), or a 1 : 1 mixture of both minerals. Because only magnetite and maghemite were studied, the changes in magnetic characteristics could be monitored after each extraction step by analysis of the bulk susceptibility and hysteresis parameters measured at room temperature. The AAO-Fe(II) method preferentially dissolved the smaller iron oxides from the samples. For samples containing iron oxides with coarse grain size there is a preference for dissolving maghemite rather than magnetite. Extractions of the samples containing mixtures of two different grain sizes or with different mineralogy show that the method preferentially dissolves the smaller grains before attacking the coarse grains in the sample.
An approach to palaeoseismicity in the Olkiluoto (sea) area during the early Holocene

Olkiluoto Island is situated in the northern Baltic Sea, near the southwestern coast of Finland, and is the proposed location of a spent nuclear fuel repository. This study examined Holocene palaeoseismicity in the Olkiluoto area and in the surrounding sea areas by computer simulations together with acousticseismic, sedimentological and dating methods. The most abundant rock type on the island is migmatic mica gneiss, intruded by tonalites, granodiorites and granites. The surrounding Baltic Sea seabed consists of Palaeoproterozoic crystalline bedrock, which is to a great extent covered by younger Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks. The area contains several ancient deep-seated fracture zones that divide it into bedrock blocks. The response of bedrock at the Olkiluoto site was modelled considering four future ice-age scenarios. Each scenario produced shear displacements of fractures with different times of occurrence and varying recovery rates. Generally, the larger the maximum ice load, the larger were the permanent shear displacements. For a basic case, the maximum shear displacements were a few centimetres at the proposed nuclear waste repository level, at proximately 500 m b.s.l. High-resolution, low-frequency echo-sounding was used to examine the Holocene submarine sedimentary structures and possible direct and indirect indicators of palaeoseismic activity in the northern Baltic Sea. Echo-sounding profiles of Holocene submarine sediments revealed slides and slumps, normal faults, debris flows and turbidite-type structures. The profiles also showed pockmarks and other structures related to gas or groundwater seepages, which might be related to fracture zone activation. Evidence of postglacial reactivation in the study area was derived from the spatial occurrence of some of the structures, especial the faults and the seepages, in the vicinity of some old bedrock fracture zones.
DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE ELASTIC THICKNESS OF THE COLOMBIAN ANDES USING SATELLITE-DERIVED GRAVITY DATA

Gravity anomaly values derived from Global Geopotential Models (calculated from the CHAMP and GRACE satellite missions), are compared with free air ground gravity data to find the best representation of surface data. Using these values and topographical heights extracted from digital topography models, we applied the isostatic response function (admittance) to a collection of profiles, to find an average of elastic thickness for the Colombian Andes.
Prevalence of strabismus among students in Natal/RN - Brazil

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of strabismus in Natal, Brazil, among elementary and high school students of the public and private educational systems, in addition to detecting etiological factors. METHODS: 1024 students were randomly selected and submitted to a questionnaire and a complete ophthalmologic examination, by professors and resident physicians in Ophthalmology at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. RESULTS: Of 1024 students, 1015 were examined; 29 were found to have strabismus (2.9%), 20 of whom had manifest exotropia (2%), 2 had intermittent exotropia (0.2%), 6 had esotropia (0.6%) and 1 had V anisotropies (0.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The strabismus prevalence of the student population of Natal falls within the range of the worldwide population. There was ocular lesion in only one student (retinochoroiditis scar on the posterior pole in both eyes) related to strabismus.
The Causal Relationship between Producer Price Index and Consumer Price Index: Empirical Evidence from Selected European Countries

The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship between Producer Price Index and Consumer Price Index for the five selected European countries, using seasonally adjusted monthly data from August 1995 to December 2007. Toda and Yamamoto causality test (1995) are employed to investigate causality. The results indicate that there is a unidirectional causality between producer price index and consumer price index, running from producer price index to consumer price index in Finland and France and bidirectional causality between two indices in Germany. In the case of the Netherlands and Sweden, no significant causality is detected.
K-RAS GENE MUTATIONS AT CODON 12 AND 13 IN PANCREATIC CANCER AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS PATIENTS FROM NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

To clarify the sensitivity and the validity of K-ras point mutational analysis at codon 12 and 13 in North Indian patients with pancreatic diseases, and the possible correlation between the presence of the mutation and the histopathological findings. Sixty-five pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 50 chronic pancreatitis patients were enrolled in this study. Codon 12 and 13 K-ras mutations were examined using the two step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by single strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP) and further confirmed by automated DNA sequencing. The positive percentage of K- ras in pancreatic carcinoma was 72.30 %( 47/65) which was significantly higher than that in the chronic pancreatitis 6.0 % (3/50) ( P A) and GGC to GGG (C>G) transitions at codon12 and codon13 respectively. These results draw attention to the critical role of K- ras gene mutation for the detection of early stage pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis. K-ras gene mutation can be used as an important biomarker for early pancreatic cancer diagnosis, but it needs to be confirmed in large number of chronic pancreatitis patients.
Surveying the relationship of organizational commitment components among managers and employees job satisfaction in Governmental Banks of Ardabil province

The aim of this study is to recognize the relationship between organizational commitment components among managers and employees’ job satisfaction in Governmental Banks of Ardabil province and to analyze it by comparing manager’s and employee’s organizational commitment and job satisfaction. This study is a correlation. The population of the study includes personnel of 175 governmental banks branches in Ardabil province. The sample size of this research was set at 308 persons (69 of managers and 239 employees), selected from 5 branches of governmental banks in Ardabil province. We selected respondents according to simple random sampling. To data analysis we have used Spearman’s correlation coefficient for finding the relationship and intensity between organizational commitment and employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment’s components among managers and employee, and Independent Simples T test to study the difference between the amount of organizational commitment and sample job satisfaction. Data collection was done using the following distributed questionnaires: Meyer & Allen’s questionnaire including three aspects (emotional, continuance and normative) to measure organizational commitment and measurement of job satisfaction was performed with the help of MSQ questionnaire. The result of this study showed that the relationship between personal job satisfaction and personal organizational commitment in Ardabil province’s governmental banks is direct and significant.
A new perspective on gravity waves in the Martian atmosphere: Sources and features

Using a Mars general circulation model (GCM), we investigate the characteristics of gravity waves in the atmosphere of Mars. Fluctuations due to internal gravity waves at tidal periods, such as diurnal, semidiurnal, and terdiurnal tides, are predominant in the lower atmosphere. In particular, the diurnal and semidiurnal tides having large zonal wave numbers (s > 10) are significant. Fluctuations associated with nontidal gravity wave components in the lower atmosphere are negligibly small except for the stationary orographic component. Nontidal gravity waves grow in amplitude in the middle atmosphere, while tidal components remain the dominant form of gravity waves. In the upper atmosphere (>80 km), nontidal gravity wave components and fluctuations due to the diurnal and semidiurnal tides having large zonal wave numbers are equally important. We estimate the global distributions of the gravity wave energy at various altitudes and attempt to define various sources. Our results show that most nontidal gravity wave energy is closely related with the diurnal amplitude except in the lower atmosphere where association with orography predominates. This suggests that nonorographic gravity waves are generated by the breaking and dissipation of the diurnal tide. On the other hand, nontidal gravity wave energy in the lower atmosphere peaks in mountainous regions and points to their source as being of orographic nature. We also enumerate the major differences between gravity waves on Mars and Earth as simulated by global models.
Euro-Atlantic winter storminess and precipitation extremes under 1.5 °C vs. 2 °C warming scenarios

Abstract. Severe winter storms in combination with precipitation extremes pose a serious threat to Europe. Located at the southeastern exit of the North Atlantic's storm track, European coastlines are directly exposed to impacts by high wind speeds, storm floods and coastal erosion. In this study we analyze potential changes in simulated winter storminess and extreme precipitation, which may occur under 1.5 or 2 ∘C warming scenarios. Here we focus on a first simulation suite of the atmospheric model CAM5 performed within the HAPPI project and evaluate how changes of the horizontal model resolution impact the results regarding atmospheric pressure, storm tracks, wind speed and precipitation extremes. The comparison of CAM5 simulations with different resolutions indicates that an increased horizontal resolution to 0.25∘ not only refines regional-scale information but also improves large-scale atmospheric circulation features over the Euro-Atlantic region. The zonal bias in monthly pressure at mean sea level and wind fields, which is typically found in low-resolution models, is considerably reduced. This allows us to analyze potential changes in regional- to local-scale extreme wind speeds and precipitation in a more realistic way. Our analysis of the future response for the 2 ∘C warming scenario generally confirms previous model simulations suggesting a poleward shift and intensification of the meridional circulation in the Euro-Atlantic region. Additional analysis suggests that this shift occurs mainly after exceeding the 1.5 ∘C global warming level, when the midlatitude jet stream manifests a strengthening northeastward. At the same time, this northeastern shift of the storm tracks allows an intensification and northeastern expansion of the Azores high, leading to a tendency of less precipitation across the Bay of Biscay and North Sea. Regions impacted by the strengthening of the midlatitude jet, such as the northwestern coasts of the British Isles, Scandinavia and the Norwegian Sea, and over the North Atlantic east of Newfoundland, experience an increase in the mean as well as daily and sub-daily precipitation, wind extremes and storminess, suggesting an important influence of increasing storm activity in these regions in response to global warming.
Analysis of adaptation determinants of domestic rainwater harvesting systems (DRWHs) in Golestan Province, Iran

Most residences of the northern parts of Golestan Province, have historically used rooftop rainwater for drinking. Its adoption rate and continued use have declined in recent years for various reasons. Based on a survey of 380 cases, this research attempted to identify what factors are contributing to the adoption of these systems. The results demonstrated that the adoption changes in response to five factors: access to water, existence of specialized organizational sector, previous experience, direct observation and integration into the domestic distribution system, with the odds ratios of 10.5, 2.16, 0.12, 2.7, and 4 respectively (P<0.01). One of the factors that is likely to intensify in the region is reduced access to safe drinking water (every unit increase in this factor would increase the adoption by a factor of 10). It seems necessary to develop a governmental sector, specialized in the field of domestic rainwater harvesting, to not only help technically and financially to the construction of these systems, but to offer consultations and hygienic safety packages, such as chlorine stock solutions or modernization of equipment. Modernization of these systems could also help remove the concern over the integration of these systems into the domestic water distribution piping. Lack of experience and less frequent contact with these systems have also resulted in low level DRWHs adoption. It appears mass media and non-governmental organizations could also facilitate improving these two factors. Results of this study could inform decision making to better encourage the use of DRWHs in Golestan Province.
Cytotoxicity and Antitumor Properties of a Marine Compound , HESA-A , on Cancer Cells.

Majority of the currently available anticancer drugs are designed to have selective toxicity to rapidly dividing cells. Among these agents the focus of many studies are compounds obtained from natural products with high therapeutic index. In this study the cytotoxicity of HESA-A, a marine compound, on cancer and normal cells was evaluated. HESA-A was prepared in normal saline as a stock solution (0.8 mg/ml, pH=7.4), sterilized and further diluted to final concentrations of 0.4, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 mg/ml. Cells (MDA-MB-468, Hep-2, Hela as cancer cells; L929 and McCoy as normal cells) were grown in completed RPMI 1640 and seeded in 96 well micro plates at a concentration of 1-5 ´ 104 cells/ml. After incubation for 24 h, different concentrations of HESA-A were added and cells were further incubated for 72 h. Using MTT assay, percent cell survival was determined by ELISA at 540 nm. Doxorubicin was used as a positive control (20 mg /ml). HESA-A (0.4 mg/ml) reduced the number of viable MDA-MB-468 and Hela cells to less than 50%. For Hep-2 cells the IC50 was 0.8 mg/ml. In normal cells IC50 could not be obtained at any given concentrations. These results suggest that HESA-A in therapeutic doses and in a concentration dependent manner inhibits the growth of cancer cells more selectively than normal cells.
Immunoexpression of Cell Proliferation Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This study aimed to assess the immunoexpression of cell proliferation markers (Ki-67 and Mcm-2) in oral tongue cancer, correlating it with patients’ age and prognostic indicators. Sample was composed of 22 cases under 40 years and 22 over 50 years of age. Clinical staging and histological grade of malignancy were obtained. Cell proliferation was evaluated through labeling indices. Statistical analysis was performed (p<0.05 for statistical significance). Most young patients were stages III/IV (n=13/65 %) and most older patients were stages I/II (n=11/61.1 %) (p>0.05). Mean Ki-67-LI in young and older patients was 42.4 % and 44.15 %, respectively (p>0.05). Mean Mcm-2-LI was higher in older (63.6 %) than in young patients (55.75 %) (p<0.05). We found that young patients presented more aggressive lesions in comparison to older patients, however Mcm-2 expression was significantly higher in older than in young patients. SCC of tongue can be more aggressive in young patients, and this may not be related to cell proliferation. Our findings for Mcm-2 LI and Ki-67 LI suggests that Mcm-2 could be a more sensitive marker for cell proliferation.
Comprehensive Wealth, Intangible Capital, and Development

Existing wealth estimates show that in most countries intangible capital is the largest share of total wealth. Intangible capital is calculated as the difference between total wealth and tangible (produced and natural) capital. This paper uses new estimates of total wealth, natural capital, and physical capital for a panel of countries to shed light on the constituents of the intangible capital residual. In a development-accounting framework, the authors show that factors of production are very successful in explaining the variation in output per worker when they use intangible capital instead of human capital as a factor of production. This suggests that intangible capital captures a broad range of assets typically included in the total factor productivity residual. Human capital is an important factor, both in statistical and economic terms, in regressions decomposing intangible capital.