Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
unctional connectivity change as shared signal dynamics

Background: An increasing number of neuroscientific studies gain insights by focusing on differences in functional connectivity—between groups, individuals, temporal windows, or task conditions. We found using simulations that additional insights into such differences can be gained by forgoing variance normalization, a procedure used by most functional connectivity measures. Simulations indicated that these functional connectivity measures are sensitive to increases in independent fluctuations (unshared signal) in time series, consistently reducing functional connectivity estimates (e.g., correlations) even though such changes are unrelated to corresponding fluctuations (shared signal) between those time series. This is inconsistent with the common notion of functional connectivity as the amount of inter-region
Do Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Affect Cancer Development in Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors?

Abstract: The relationship between lipid or glucose metabolism and cancer has not yet been elucidated. We conducted 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (75-g OGTTs) and lipid measurements between 1983 and 1985 in 516 Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. Excluding those who already had cancer at the baseline examinations and those who developed cancers or died of any cause within 5 yr after the baseline examinations, we determined incident cancer cases until 2000 in the remaining 451 subjects (214 males and 237 females) and evaluated, by means of the Cox proportional hazard model, whether glucose or lipid metabolism predicts cancer development. The age- and sex-adjusted relative risk (RR) for incident cancer was 0.903 (95% confidence interval, CI = 0.842-0.968), 1.740 (95% CI = 1.238-2.446), 1.653 (95% CI = 0.922-2.965), and 1.024 (95% CI = 0.996-1.053) for total cholesterol (10 mg/dl), radiation dose (1 Sv), smoking, and 1-h blood glucose (1-h BG; 10 mg/dl) in 75-g OGTTs, respectively. Multiple regression analysis of age, sex, smoking, body mass index, 1-h BG, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and radiation dose also showed that total cholesterol was negatively (RR = 0.872; 95% CI = 0.793-0.958) and radiation dose positively (RR = 1.809; 95% CI = 1.252-2.613) related to incident cancer. Cholesterol could be negatively and radiation dose positively associated with cancer development independently.
Cyclic Mechanical Strain Regulates the PTHrP Expression in Cultured Chondrocytes via Activation of the Ca2+ Channel

The association between mechanical stimulation and chondrocyte homeostasis has been reported. However, the participation of PTHrP (parathyroid-hormone-related protein) in the mechano-regulation of chondrocyte metabolism remains unclear. We determined whether mechanical stimulation of chondrocytes induces the expression of PTHrP and, further, whether the mechano-modulation of PTHrP is dependent on the maturational status of chondrocytes. Cyclic mechanical strain was applied to rat growth plate chondrocytes at the proliferating, matrix-forming, and hypertrophic stages at 30 cycles/min. Cyclic mechanical strain significantly increased PTHrP mRNA levels in chondrocytes at the proliferating and matrix-forming stages only. The induction of PTHrP was dependent on loading magnitude at the proliferating stage. Using specific ion channel blockers, we determined that mechano-induction of PTHrP was inhibited by nifedipine, a Ca2+ channel blocker. These results suggest that mechanical induction of PTHrP possibly provides the environment for greater chondrocyte replication and matrix formation that would subsequently affect cartilage formation.
Use of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the management of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) cells typically have low 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) avidity, and patients with CLL have an increased risk of developing FDG-avid aggressive lymphomas, second malignancies and infections. We hypothesized that FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) of the trunk is a sensitive method of detecting these complications in patients with CLL. Of the of 2299 patients with CLL seen in the Division of Hematology at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2011, 272 (11.8%) had 526 PET-CT scans and 472 (89.7%) of these were reported as abnormal. Among the 293 (55.7%) PET-CT scans used for routine evaluation of CLL, the PET component was of clinical value in only one instance. In contrast, in 83 (30.5%) patients, PET-CT scans used to evaluate new clinical complications localized high FDG-avidity lesions for biopsies. This resulted in clinically relevant new diagnoses in 32 patients, including those with more aggressive lymphoma (n = 16), non-hematological malignancies (n = 8) and opportunistic infections (n = 3). Twenty-seven patients had high FDG-avidity CLL, which was associated with prominent lymph node proliferation centers, an increased frequency of poor prognostic factors (17p13 deletion, unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene [IGHV], expression of ZAP-70 and CD38) and a shorter overall survival. We conclude that FDG PET scans should not be used for routine surveillance of patients with CLL. However PET-CT scans are sensitive, but not specific, for detection of aggressive lymphomas, other cancers and systemic infections in patients with CLL.
Propagation of TEM- and PSE-Type β-Lactamases among Amoxicillin-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated in France

ABSTRACT A survey conducted between 1987 and 1994 at the University Hospital of Besançon, France, demonstrated a dramatic increase (from 0 to 42.5%) in the prevalence of amoxicillin resistance amongSalmonella spp. Of the 96 resistant isolates collected during this period (including 77 Typhimurium), 54 were found to produce TEM-1 β-lactamase, 40 produced PSE-1 (equivalent to CARB-2), one produced PSE-1 plus TEM-2, and one produced OXA-1 in isoelectric focusing and DNA hybridization experiments. Plasmids coding for these β-lactamases were further characterized by (i) profile analysis, (ii) restriction fragmentation pattern analysis, (iii) hybridization with anspvCD-orfE virulence probe, and (iv) replicon typing. In addition, isolates of S. typhimurium were genotypically compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ofXbaI-macrorestricted chromosomal DNA. Altogether, these methods showed that 40 of the 41 PSE-1 producers were actually the progeny of a single epidemic S. typhimurium strain lysotype DT104. Isolates of that strain were found to harbor RepFIC virulence plasmids with somewhat different restriction profiles, but which all carried the blaPSE-1 gene. Of these virulence/resistance plasmids, 15 were transmissible toEscherichia coli. TEM-1-producing S. typhimurium displayed much greater genotypic and plasmidic diversities, suggesting the acquisition of theblaTEM-1 gene from multiple bacterial sources by individual strains. In agreement with this, 32 of the 35 S. typhimurium plasmids encoding TEM-1 were found to be conjugative. These data show that development of amoxicillin resistance amongSalmonella, especially in serovar Typhimurium, results from both gene transfers and strain dissemination.
Index to Predict 5-Year Mortality of Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 65 and Older Using Data from the National Health Interview Survey

MEASUREMENTS: 39 risk factors (functional measures, illnesses, behaviors, demographics) were included in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to determine factors independently associated with mortality. Risk scores were calculated for participants using points derived from the final model’s beta coefficients. To evaluate external validity, we compared survival by quintile of risk between the development and validation cohorts.
Unique properties of memory B cells of different isotypes

Summary: Memory antibody responses are typically seen to T‐cell‐dependent antigens and are characterized by the rapid production of high titers of high‐affinity antigen‐specific antibody. The hallmark of T‐cell‐dependent memory B cells is their expression of a somatically mutated, isotype‐switched B‐cell antigen receptor, features that are mainly generated in germinal centers. Classical studies have focused on isotype‐switched memory B cells (mainly IgG isotype) and demonstrated their unique intrinsic properties in terms of localization and responsiveness to antigen re‐exposure. However, recent advances in monitoring antigen‐experienced B cells have revealed the considerable heterogeneity of memory B cells, which include unswitched IgM+ and/or unmutated memory B cells. The IgM and IgG type memory B cells reside in distinct locations and appear to possess distinct origins and effector functions, together orchestrating humoral memory responses.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe homolog of Survivin, Bir1p, exhibits a novel dynamic behavior at the spindle mid‐zone

Members of the BIR‐domain containing Survivin family of proteins have been identified in a variety of eukaryotes and are known to play important roles in the regulation of mitosis. The Schizosaccharomyces pombe homolog of Survivin, Bir1p, is essential for chromosome condensation and spindle elongation and integrity. Bir1p, a nuclear protein, resides at the kinetochores in metaphase and anaphase A and spreads to the spindle mid‐zone in anaphase B. Here we show that this relocation requires Cdk (Cyclin dependent kinase) inactivation and intact microtubules. With the aid of a kinesin mutant, klp5Δ, we also show that completion of anaphase A is vital for effecting Bir1p re‐location to the spindle mid‐zone. Although minimal exchange of Bir1p sub‐units occurs between the spindle and the nucleoplasm, the protein redistributes laterally within the mid‐zone region. Bir1p dynamics therefore significantly differs from that of tubulin on an anaphase B spindle, which is loaded at the plus ends of growing microtubules and shows no lateral redistribution within the spindle. Thus, Bir1p, and possibly its associated proteins, might organize a dynamic mid‐zone region that helps spindle elongation and maintenance.
Physical and Genomic Characteristics Identify Chicken Proventricular Necrosis Virus (R11/3 Virus) as a Novel Birnavirus

SUMMARY. Chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV), isolate R11/3, previously was isolated from transmissible viral proventriculitis–affected chickens and was determined to be the likely etiology of this disease. CPNV was identified as a birnavirus on the basis of virion size and morphology (icosahedral, approximately 75 nm in diameter, nonenveloped); buoyant density in cesium chloride (1.32 g/ml); a genome comprising bisegmented, double-stranded RNA (approximately 3.8 and 3.4 kilobase pairs); and nucleotide sequence analyses. Nucleotide sequencing of CPNV RNA, segment B, identified a single large open reading frame that encodes a 903–amino acid protein. The 903–amino acid protein was identified as the putative VP1, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), on the basis of sequence homologies with other birnavirus VP1 proteins. The CPNV VP1 possessed the unique permuted RdRp sequence motif arrangement characteristic of birnaviruses; however, phylogenetic analyses based on VP1 demonstrated that CPNV is deeply divergent from other birnaviruses.
Self-consistent energy balance simulations of hole dynamics in SiGe/Si THz quantum cascade structures

Analysis of hole transport in cascaded p-Si∕SiGe quantum well structures is performed using self-consistent rate equations simulations. The hole subband structure is calculated using the 6×6k·p model, and then used to find carrier relaxation rates due to the alloy disorder, acoustic, and optical phonon scattering, as well as hole-hole scattering. The simulation accounts for the in-plane k-space anisotropy of both the hole subband structure and the scattering rates. Results are presented for prototype THzSi∕SiGe quantum cascade structures.
Production Smoothing and Cost Performance in a Production-inventory System

This paper considers a decentralized two-echelon supply chain: a single retailer holds finished goods inventory to meet customer demand and a single manufacturer produces the retailer’s replenishment orders for a single item on a make-to-order basis. The finite production capacity in each period is considered. The manufacturer operates close to this production capacity. In this setting, the retailer’s order decision has a direct impact on the manufacturer’s production utilization. Most inventory-focused literature research control inventory levels and allow production levels to vary substantially each period. The manufacturer, however, prefers a stable level of production, i.e. a smooth order pattern from the retailer. Competitiveness of a supply chain is set by its performance as a whole. In a decentralized chain, each link focuses on its own interests. Can the supplier pursuing his/her own goals improve the performance of the whole chain? In this paper, we explore the effects of production smoothing on total system per-unit costs while considering inventory as well as production related costs.
CURRENCY CRISES: A PERSPECTIVE ON RECENT THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS

Currency Crises: A Perspective on Recent Theoretical Developments* This Paper puts recent theoretical developments in the literature on currency crises in perspective by comparing two theoretical approaches, one based on the speculative attack model of Krugman-Flood-Garber and the other approach, which evolved following the 1992–3 crisis of the European Monetary System and that we call here ‘escape clause’. The escape clause approach broadens the set of fundamentals to non-monetary variables, including unemployment or the state of the banking sector and even ‘softer’ fundamentals such as the reputation of the policymaker and the rules of the game played by the participants in a fixed exchange rate arrangement. It also suggests that the relationship between the economic fundamentals and devaluation expectations is in general non-linear and may give rise to multiple equilibria. We argue that, while the speculative attack approach provides useful insights on the anatomy of currency crises, it must be complemented by the escape clause approach if one wants to understand the underlying causes of the crises that we have witnessed in the 1990s. JEL Classification: F30, F40
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Play a Key Role in Tumor Progression in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Lung Tumor–Bearing Mice

The antitumor activity of LPS was first described by Dr. William Coley. However, its role in lung cancer remains unclear. The aim of our study was to elucidate the dose-dependent effects of LPS (0.1–10 μg/mouse) in a mouse model of B16-F10–induced metastatic lung cancer. Lung tumor growth increased at 3 and 7 d after the administration of low-dose LPS (0.1 μg/mouse) compared with control mice. This was associated with an influx of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and CD8+ regulatory T cells. In contrast, high-dose LPS (10 μg/mouse) reduced lung tumor burden and was associated with a greater influx of pDCs, as well as a stronger Th1 and Th17 polarization. Depletion of pDCs during low-dose LPS administration resulted in a decreased lung tumor burden. Depletion of pDCs during high-dose LPS treatment resulted in an increased tumor burden. The dichotomy in LPS effects was due to the phenotype of pDCs, which were immunosuppressive after the low-dose LPS, and Th1- and T cytotoxic–polarizing cells after the high-dose LPS. Adoptive transfer of T cells into nude mice demonstrated that CD8+ T cells were responsible for pDC recruitment following low-dose LPS administration, whereas CD4+ T cells were required for pDC influx after the high-dose LPS. In conclusion, our data suggest differential effects of low-dose versus high-dose LPS on pDC phenotype and tumor progression or regression in the lungs of mice.
Effects of estradiol on serum and pituitary gonadotropin concentrations during selective elevation of follicle stimulating hormone.

Release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) without a concomitant elevation in peripheral luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration occurs in estrous and acutely ovariectomized (ovx) proestrous hamsters. In both cases, a rapid decline in circulating estradiol-l 7/3 (E2) levels is observed before the elevation in serum FSH concentration. In this study, we observed that artificially maintained E2 levels in both estrous and ovx proestrous hamsters prevented the elevation in pituitary FSH concentration and depressed the rise in serum FSH that normally would have occurred. Pituitary LH concentrations increased in estrous hamsters given E2, but did not increase in untreated estrous controls. Serum LH concentrations remained low in both groups. Administration of E2 to ovx proestrous hamsters had little effect on pituitary or serum LH concentrations. These observations suggest that in both estrous and ovx proestrous hamsters, selective elevations in pituitary and serum FSH concentrations are dependent on the decline of peripheral E2 concentrations.
Choice of probe tone and classification of trace patterns in tympanometry undertaken in early infancy

Tympanometry using 226 Hz, 678 Hz, and 1000 Hz probe tones was undertaken on two groups of babies, age 2 to 21 weeks. A group of 104 babies with normal ABR thresholds or TEOAEs were compared with a second group of 107 babies who had evidence of temporary conductive hearing loss based on the findings of a test battery, which included air and bone conduction ABR. The tympanograms were classified by Method 1, a simple visual classification system, and Method 2, adapted from a system described by Marchant et al (). The majority of tympanograms recorded in both groups using the 226 Hz probe tone were ‘normal’ Type A, with no significant difference in middle ear pressure or static admittance. However, both classification methods demonstrated significant differences between the two groups using the higher frequency probe tones, with Method 2 being the preferred system of classification. Tympanometry using 226 Hz is invalid below 21 weeks and 1000 Hz is the frequency of choice. Sumario Se efectuaron timpanometrías con sondas de 226, 678 y 1000 Hz a dos grupos de bebés de 2 a 21 semanas. Un grupo de 104 bebés con ABR o TEOAE normales se comparó con un segundo grupo de 107 bebés con evidencia de hipoacusia conductiva temporal según los hallazgos de la batería de pruebas que incluyó ABR aéreo y óseo. Se clasificaron los timpanogramas por el método 1: una clasificación visual simple y por el método 2: la adaptación del sistema descrito por Marchant et al (1986). Cuando se utilizó la sonda de 226Hz, la mayoría de los timpanogramas obtenidos en ambos grupos fueron tipo A “normales”, sin diferencia significativa en la presión del oído medio o la admitancia estática. Sin embargo, ambos métodos de clasificación mostraron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos al utilizar la frecuencia más alta; el método 2 fue el sistema preferido de clasificación. La timpanometría con 226Hz es inválida en menores de 21 semanas y 1000Hz es la frecuencia de elección.
Effects of surface features on word-fragment completion in amnesic subjects.

Patients with amnesia resulting from alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome and elderly control patients studied a list of words in two typographies (typed and handwritten) and then received a word-fragment completion test (e.g., -ys-e-y for mystery) in which the test cues also varied in typography. Unlike the elderly control patients, the amnesic patients did not show greater priming effect when the typography at test matched that at study. The amount of typography-dependent priming was positively correlated with the score on the Wechsler Memory Scale. These results suggest that the effects of typography change on repetition priming in word-fragment completion reflect explicit recollection, and that the representation that supports repetition priming effects observed with amnesic subjects in the word-fragment completion task does not code typography information.
RISK-STRATIFICATION OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA PREDICTION OF AN ADVANCED DISEASE AND HIGH-RISK FEATURES OF THE PRIMARY TUMOR

7 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS . 9 ABBREVIATIONS . 10 INTRODUCTION . 11 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 12 EPIDEMIOLOGY . 12 RISK FACTORS . 12 CLASSIFICATION . 13 Histology . 13 Clinicopathology . 13 Genomic classification . 14 PATHOGENESIS . 14 Endometrial hyperplasia as a precursor lesion for carcinoma . 14 Genetic alterations in endometrioid carcinoma . 15 Genetic alterations in serous and clear cell carcinoma . 16 DIAGNOSIS . 16 STAGING . 17 SPREAD PATTERNS . 18 RISK-STRATIFICATION . 18 Rationale . 18 Factors determining disease spread and outcome . 19 Uterine risk factors . 19 Tissue biomarkers . 20 Demographics . 21 Hematological parameters . 21 Clinically applicable methods for risk-stratification . 21 Preoperative histology . 21 Imaging . 21 Serum markers . 22
Identifying web navigation behaviour and patterns automatically from clickstream data

A user's clickstream, such as that which is found in server-side logs, can be a rich source of data concerning the ways in which a user navigates a site, but the volume and level of detail found in these logs makes it difficult to identify and categorise specific navigational patterns. In this paper, we describe the three-step automatic pattern discovery (APD) method, a tool that utilises sequential mining to extract a user's navigation route based on two levels of basic navigational elements. This paper contains descriptions of two studies in which the APD was used; the first makes use of APD to analyse the usage of an educational website; the second describes how APD was used to improve the design of a technical support website in a university department.
Mechanisms of action of steroid hormones.

A Search for the Primary Site of Hormone Action ALTHOUGH steroid hormones regulate growth, differentiation and metabolism in target tissues via mechanisms that are largely undetermined, increasing evidence has suggested that their effects occur through the regulation of protein synthesis. This is not an unreasonable hypothesis since the majority of the cell mass and the basic cell structure are protein in nature. Similarly, the enzymic catalysts regulating all aspects of metabolism are proteins. Thus, a chemical effector such as a hormone might specifically and efficiently regulate cell growth or function by stimulating the synthesis of one or more protein molecules.
Absorption cross-sections of NO 2 : simulation of temperature and pressure e-ects

The measurements of the NO2 absorption cross sections by several authors have been considered in order to derive its temperature and pressure dependences in the 13 200–42 000 cm−1 spectral range. The temperature dependence is assumed to be linear in the temperature range investigated (217.0–298:5 K), whereas the in=uence of the total pressure is expressed as a temperature-dependent broadening coe? cient. From measurements performed with mixtures of NO2 in air and in N2, values of air (296 K) and 0 N2 (296 K) were found to be, respectively, 0:081± 0:002 and 0:069± 0:003 cm−1 atm−1. The temperature coe? cient n obtained in the present work is 0:8 ± 0:1. The parameterization of the cross sections developed in this work can reproduce measured cross sections within 4%. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.