Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the chlorhexidine containing dentifrice on reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation - A controlled clinical trial

AIM:The aim of the study was to determine the plaque and gingivitis reducing effect of a dentifrice containing chlorhexidine and compare with control toothpaste during the course of 3 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized, double-blind study looked prospectively at participants over a 3 month period. Plaque score and gingivitis score was assessed in 40 participants, who were divided into two parallel groups. The participants used either chlorhexidine containing toothpaste (test group) or commercially available fluoridated triclosan containing toothpaste (control group). Parameters were assessed at baseline and again after 1and 3 months. RESULTS:After 3 months of product use, both groups had less gingivitis compared with the baseline evaluation (p=0.001). At this time point, the test group showed a statistically significant lower gingival index values compared with the baseline (p=0.001). No statistically significant difference between either of the groups at various time points was detected with regard to plaque index score. CONCLUSION:Although there was a statistically significant difference at 3 months between test and control groups in reduction of gingival index values, this difference was too small to be considered clinically meaningful.
Student Ratings of Teaching Effectiveness: Student Engagement and Course Characteristics

Characteristics of university courses and student engagement were examined in relation to student ratings of instruction. The Universal Student Ratings of Instruction instrument was administered to students at the end of every course at a major Canadian university over a three-year period. Using a two-step analytic procedure, a latent variable path model was created. The model showed a moderate fit to the data (Comparative Fit Index = .88), converged in _0 iterations, with a standardized residual mean error of . 03, χ 2 (_49) = _988. 59, p Cette recherche evalue les caracteristiques des cours universitaires ainsi que la participation des etudiants en rapport avec l’evaluation estudiantine de l’enseignement. Pendant trois ans, dans une grande universite du Canada, on a administre un outil d’evaluation appele « Universal Student Ratings of Instruction » [evaluation estudiantine globale de l’enseignement] aupres des etudiants, a la fin de chaque cours. On crea un modele d’analyse a variables latentes en utilisant une methode d’analyse a deux etapes. Le modele s’accordait passablement aux donnees (Indice d’ajustement comparatif = .88), a converge dans dix iterations avec une deviation standard a residu normalise de . 03, χ2 (_49) = _988. 59, p
Urinary syncope following spinal anesthesia leading to cardio respiratory arrest and death

corticotropin. JAMA 2000; 283: 1038–45. 6. Lipiner-Friedman D, Sprung CL, Laterre PF, Weiss Y, Goodman SV, Vogeser M, Briegel J, Keh D, Singer M, Moreno R, Bellissant E, Annane D. Adrenal function in sepsis: the retrospective Corticus cohort study. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 1012–18. 7. Morris JA, Norris PR, Waitman LR, Ozdas A, Guillamondegui OD, Jenkins JM. Adrenal insufficiency, heart rate variability, and complex biologic systems: a study of 1,871 critical ill trauma patients. J Am Coll Surg 2007; 204: 885–93. 8. Kwon YS, Suh GY, Kang EH, Koh WJ, Chung MP, Kim H, Kwon OJ. Basal serum cortisol levels are not predictive of response to corticotropin but have prognostic significance in patients with septic shock. J Kor Med Sci 2007; 22: 470–5.
Self‐Consumption, Gifting, and Chinese Wine Consumers

type="main" xml:lang="pt"> La Chine est le plus important pays consommateur de vin rouge au monde. A l'aide de donnees tirees d'un sondage recent realise dans trois villes chinoises, nous avons examine les depenses et les preferences des consommateurs chinois pour des vins destines a la consommation personnelle et pour offrir en cadeau. Les resultats de notre etude indiquent que, outre le prix, les consommateurs chinois s'interessent a d'autres criteres, tels que le cepage et la couleur, et que les preferences et les depenses pour les vins varient considerablement d'une region a l'autre. En regle generale, les Chinois achetent plus de vins pour offrir en cadeau ou que pour leur consommation personnelle. La hausse de la consommation personnelle a largement contribue a la hausse des vins achetes pour offrir en cadeau, mais l'effet inverse est beaucoup moindre. Les facteurs qui motivent la consommation personnelle et l'offre de vins en cadeau different. Certains facteurs, tels que l'experience des consommateurs en matiere de vin, le role de la publicite sur les vins et les occasions de consommation de vins, peuvent avoir des effets opposes sur les deux types de consommation. Les resultats de notre etude pourront contribuer a l’elaboration de normes de qualite et de politiques de classification des vins et servir aux producteurs de vin et aux specialistes du marketing en Chine et partout dans le monde.
Loss of Naïve Cells Accompanies Memory CD4+ T-Cell Depletion during Long-Term Progression to AIDS in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) induce a slow progressive disease, characterized by the massive loss of memory CD4+ T cells during the acute infection followed by a recovery phase in which virus replication is partially controlled. However, because the initial injury is so severe and virus production persists, the immune system eventually collapses and a symptomatic fatal disease invariably occurs. We have assessed CD4+ T-cell dynamics and disease progression in 12 SIV-infected rhesus monkeys for nearly 2 years. Three macaques exhibiting a rapid progressor phenotype experienced rapid and irreversible loss of memory, but not naïve, CD4+ T lymphocytes from peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid tissues and died within the first 6 months of virus inoculation. In contrast, SIV-infected conventional progressor animals sustained marked but incomplete depletions of memory CD4+ T cells and continuous activation/proliferation of this T-lymphocyte subset. This was associated with a profound loss of naïve CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid tissues, which declined at rates that correlated with disease progression. These data suggest that the persistent loss of memory CD4+T cells, which are being eliminated by direct virus killing and activation-induced cell death, requires the continuous differentiation of naïve into memory CD4+ T cells. This unrelenting replenishment process eventually leads to the exhaustion of the naïve CD4+T-cell pool and the development of disease.
Evaluation of the microtensile bond strength of composite resin restoration in dentin prepared with different sizes of aluminum oxide particles, using the air abrasion system.

AIM The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of the abrasive technique on the microtensile bond strength of composite resin restorations. In addition, any differences in the microtensile bond strength were observed when different aluminum oxide particle sizes were used. METHODS Flat coronal dentin surfaces were randomly distributed into 3 groups, according to surface treatment: Group A27 Air-abraded dentin with 27 microm aluminum oxide particles; Group A50-Air-abraded dentin with 50 microm aluminum oxide particles; Group HS cut dentin with a #1013 diamond bur in high-speed rotary instrument. After the bonding procedure (Single Bond/Z100), the teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 masculineC for 48 h prior to sectioning. Then, each bonded tooth was longitudinally sectioned producing sticks with a cross-sectional area of 0.81 mm2. The tensile load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, until the stick fractured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparisons using Tukey's test. RESULTS No difference was observed in composite bond strength when 27 and 50 microm aluminum oxide particles were used for dentin surface preparation using an air abrasion system. However, air-abraded dentin, using 27 microm aluminum oxide particles, demonstrated a higher bond strength when compared to dentin prepared by the conventional method (bur in high-speed). CONCLUSIONS The air-abraded dentin, using 27 microm alumina powder, demonstrated higher composite bond strength when compared to bur-cut dentin, raising the possibility that this method may increase restoration longevity.
Dementia after traumatic brain injury

Early retrospective studies suggested that individuals with a history of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) had a higher risk for dementia than those without a history of TBI. Two meta-analyses demonstrated that the risk for dementia is higher among men, but not women, with a history of TBI. More recent prospective studies, however, are providing discrepant findings, probably due to important methodological differences. TBI is usually associated with significant neuropsychological deficits, primarily in the domains of attention, executive functioning and memory. These deficits may not improve with time. TBI may also lower the threshold for the clinical expression of dementia among predisposed individuals, and the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathological and biochemical changes immediately after severe TBI may play an important role in this mechanism.
High Genotypic Diversity among Rotavirus Strains Infecting Gambian Children

Background: Rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhea in children <5 years of age. In light of the implementation of rotavirus vaccines of limited valency, it is important to characterize the genotypic diversity of circulating rotavirus in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We collected stool samples from children 0–59 months of age who presented at the health centres as cases with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in the Upper River Region of The Gambia. Stool samples were also collected from age, sex and area-matched healthy controls. All stool samples were assayed for rotavirus antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and genotyping was done using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: We enrolled 1029 cases and 1569 controls during the 3-year study period (2008–2010). The detection rate of rotavirus among the cases was 20% (204/1029) and 3% (42/1569) among controls. At least 18 genotypes were found and the predominant genotypes were G2P[6] (28%), G1P[8] (26%) and G1P[10] (10%). The rare identified genotypes (<1%) were G2P[14], G8P[6], G9P[6] and G4P[10]. There was also a strong positive association between rotavirus infection and the dry season (odds ratio: 9.83, 95% confidence interval: 6.18–15.63, P < 0.001). A significant increase in the odds of rotavirus and G1P[8] detection with the use of untreated water and the presence of cats, rodents and cows in the child’s residence was also found. Conclusion: This study provides important baseline data for the genotypes circulating before vaccine implementation. The wide diversity of genotypes circulating in The Gambia implies the need for vigilant effectiveness surveillance following the implementation of RotaTeq in August 2013.
In the Looking Glass: An Examination of Body Image and Identity Development Through Research and Poetry

College students in the United States have been feeling the pressure to conform to societal standards of beauty for generations, as evidenced by the wealth of body image studies that began to take shape in the 1970s (Lowery et al., 2005). Researchers have focused on the way media and advertising affect body image, yet have largely ignored the relationship between body image and identity development. There has been significant research completed on body image as a whole. However, there is a need for further research to explore the link between a student’s perception of their body and their sense of self. These elements play a crucial part in shaping the identities of students and, consequently, their experiences. This paper will explore the research that has been completed on body image as well as the possible connection to student identity development. Note: Interspersed between sections, we will be including a poem that reflects the common struggle of embracing body positivity and overcoming negative body image ideals. In what stands to be a scientific and structured article, we want to emphasize, honor, and explore the reality of this struggle in the hopes of making this piece both more accessible and more impactful for a greater audience.
Canine leishmaniasis: guidelines for diagnosis, staging, therapy, monitoring and prevention. Part II: Therapeutic approach.

Prof. MASSIMO CASTAGNARO DVM, PhD, Dipl ECVP, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Patologia Comparata ed Igiene Veterinaria, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro (PD) (I) Dr. ALBERTO CROTTI DVM, Studio Veterinario Associato, Via P. Revelli Beaumont 43, 16143, Genova (I) Dr. ALESSANDRA FONDATI -DVM, PhD, Dipl ECVD, libero professionista, Roma (I) Dr. LUIGI GRADONI BSc, PhD, Dirigente di Ricerca, Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Reparto di Malattie trasmesse da Vettori e Sanità Internazionale, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma (I) Prof. GEORGE LUBAS DVM, Dipl. ECVIM-CA Internal Medicine, Dipartimento di Clinica Veterinaria, Università di Pisa, V.le Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa (I) Dr. MICHELE MAROLI BSc, PhD, Dirigente di Ricerca, Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Reparto di Malattie trasmesse da Vettori e Sanità Internazionale, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma (I) Prof. GAETANO OLIVA DVM, Ordinario di Clinica Medica Veterinaria, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli (I) Prof. SAVERIO PALTRINIERI DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECVCP, Dipartimento di Patologia Animale Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano (I) Dr. LAIA SOLANO-GALLEGO DVM, PhD, Dipl ECVCP, Clinica Veterinaria Privata S. Marco, Padova (I) Dr. XAVIER ROURA DVM PhD, Dipl ECVIM-CA, Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clinic Veterinari; Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spagna (E) Dr. ANDREA ZATELLI DVM Clinica Veterinaria Pirani, Via Majakowski 2/L,M,N 42100 Reggia Emilia (I) Dr. ERIC ZINI DVM PhD, Dipl ECVIM-CA, Clinic far Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Svizzera (CH)
Alternative Splicing and Interaction with Di- and Polyvalent Cations Control the Dynamic Range of Acid-sensing Ion Channel 1 (ASIC1)*

Homomeric acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) can be activated by extracellular H+ in the physiological pH range and may, therefore, contribute to neurotransmission and peripheral pain perception. ASIC1a and ASIC1b are alternative splice products of the ASIC1 gene. Here we show that both splice variants show steady-state inactivation when exposed to slightly decreased pH, limiting their operational range. Compared with ASIC1a, steady-state inactivation and pH activation of ASIC1b are shifted to more acidic values by 0.25 and 0.7 pH units, respectively, extending the dynamic range of ASIC1. Shifts of inactivation and activation are intimately linked; only two amino acids in the ectodomain, which are exchanged by alternative splicing, control both properties. Moreover, we show that extracellular, divalent cations like Ca2+ and Mg2+ as well as the polyvalent cation spermine shift the steady-state inactivation of ASIC1a and ASIC1b to more acidic values. This leads to a potentiation of the channel response and is due to a stabilization of the resting state. Our results indicate that ASIC1b is an effective sensor of transient H+ signals during slight acidosis and that, in addition to alternative splicing, interaction with di- and polyvalent cations extends the dynamic range of ASIC H+ sensors.
Sensing and Power Allocation for Cognitive Radio with Multiple Primary Transmit Powers

In this letter, we consider a more practical scenario when the primary user (PU) transmits with multiple levels of power in a cognitive radio (CR) network. The optimal spectrum sensing algorithm at the secondary user (SU) that could discriminate the PU's' transmitting power is proposed and the related performance is analyzed. We also designed a new SU transmission strategy where one transmit power is found for each estimation of the PU's power. The strategy is further optimized according to the SU's achievable rate. In the end, we validate our study by various simulations.
A Clinical Score for Predicting Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Cryptogenic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack

Objectives: Detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) in post-cryptogenic stroke (CS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients carries important therapeutic implications. Methods: To risk stratify CS/TIA patients for later development of AF, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 1995 to 2015 in the Stanford Translational Research Integrated Database Environment (STRIDE). Results: Of the 9,589 adult patients (age ≥40 years) with CS/TIA included, 482 (5%) patients developed AF post CS/TIA. Of those patients, 28.4, 26.3, and 45.3% were diagnosed with AF 1-12 months, 1-3 years, and >3 years after the index CS/TIA, respectively. Age (≥75 years), obesity, congestive heart failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and valve disease are significant risk factors, with the following respective odds ratios (95% CI): 1.73 (1.39-2.16), 1.53 (1.05-2.18), 3.34 (2.61-4.28), 2.01 (1.53-2.68), 1.72 (1.35-2.19), 1.37 (1.02-1.84), and 2.05 (1.55-2.69). A risk-scoring system, i.e., the HAVOC score, was constructed using these 7 clinical variables that successfully stratify patients into 3 risk groups, with good model discrimination (area under the curve = 0.77). Conclusions: Findings from this study support the strategy of looking longer and harder for AF in post-CS/TIA patients. The HAVOC score identifies different levels of AF risk and may be used to select patients for extended rhythm monitoring.
R-VCANet: A New Deep-Learning-Based Hyperspectral Image Classification Method

Deep-learning-based methods have displayed promising performance for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, due to their capacity of extracting deep features from HSI. However, these methods usually require a large number of training samples. It is quite difficult for deep-learning model to provide representative feature expression for HSI data when the number of samples are limited. In this paper, a novel simplified deep-learning model, rolling guidance filter (RGF) and vertex component analysis network (R-VCANet), is proposed, which achieves higher accuracy when the number of training samples is not abundant. In R-VCANet, the inherent properties of HSI data, spatial information and spectral characteristics, are utilized to construct the network. And by this means the obtained model could generate more powerful feature expression with less samples. First, spectral and spatial information are combined via the RGF, which could explore the contextual structure features and remove small details from HSI. More importantly, we have designed a new network called vertex component analysis network for deep features extraction from the smoothed HSI. Experiments on three popular datasets indicate that the proposed R-VCANet based method reveals better performance than some state-of-the-art methods, especially when the training samples available are not abundant.
P-Star Model: A Leading Indicator of Inflation for Pakistan

The P-star inflation model is based on the long-term quantity theory of money and puts together the long-term determinants of the price level and the short-run changes in current inflation. The P-star model-based indicator has replaced the previous monetary policy procedures in a number of countries because it offers by far more information and predictive power than monitoring movements in money supply and the rate of monetary growth. In this paper we used the P-star model to calculate the leading indicator of inflation, and also to test the forecasting performance of the P-star model-based leading indicator of inflation. The results of the study show that compared to the simple autoregressive model and the M2 growth augmented model, the P-star model can be used to obtain the leading indicator of inflation in Pakistan because it has additional information about the future rate of inflation. Therefore, this paper provides a useful tool to the policy-makers to assess the future movement of inflation in Pakistan.
A case of adiaspiromycosis causing 1 respiratory failure and a review of human 2 infections due to the fungi Emmonsia and 3

5 Gregory M. Anstead,* Deanna A. Sutton, and John R. 6 Graybill 7 8 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases; and 9 3 Department of Pathology, Fungus Testing Laboratory 10 University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 11 San Antonio, TX 78229 12 13 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases 14 South Texas Veterans Healthcare System 15 San Antonio, TX 78229 16 17 Submitted to: Journal of Clinical Microbiology 18 19 *Address correspondence to: 20 Gregory M. Anstead, MD, PhD 21 Department of Medicine; Division of Infectious Diseases 22 University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 23 7703 Floyd Curl Drive MC7881 24 San Antonio, TX 78229 25 Phone: 210-567-4666 26 Fax: 210-567-4670 27 Email: anstead@uthscsa.edu 28 29 Running title: Adiaspiromycosis causing respiratory failure 30 31
Grapheme to phoneme conversion and dictionary verification using graphonemes

We present a novel data-driven language independent approach for grapheme to phoneme conversion, which achieves a phoneme error rate of 3.68% and a pronunciation error rate of 17.13% for English. We apply our stochastic model to the task of dictionary verification and conclude that it is able to detect spurious entries, which can then be examined and corrected by a human expert.
Formosa undariae sp. nov., isolated from a reservoir containing the brown algae Undaria pinnatifida.

A strain of Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacteria, designated WS-MY3(T), was isolated from a brown algae reservoir in South Korea. Strain WS-MY3(T) grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WS-MY3(T) fell within the cluster comprising the type strains of species of the genus Formosa, clustering coherently with the type strains of Formosa agariphila and Formosa algae. It exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.7, 97.9 and 96.8 % to the type strains of F. agariphila, F. algae and Formosa spongicola, respectively. Strain WS-MY3(T) contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain WS-MY3(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain WS-MY3(T) was 37.3 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with F. agariphila KCTC 12365(T) and F. algae KCTC 12364(T) were 23 % and 17 %, respectively. The phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties revealed that strain WS-MY3(T) is separate from the three recognized species of the genus Formosa. On the basis of the data presented, strain WS-MY3(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Formosa, for which the name Formosa undariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS-MY3(T) ( = KCTC 32328(T) = CECT 8286(T)).