Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vibrational convection in a heterogeneous binary mixture. Part 2. Frozen waves

The action of high-frequency vibrations on a heterogeneous binary mixture that fills in a closed container is numerically modelled to validate the theoretical model obtained in the first part of the work, and to investigate the role of interfacial stresses in the evolution of miscible boundaries. Only weightlessness conditions are considered. A recent experimental study reports the threshold ignition of the frozen waves at a miscible interface even under weightlessness conditions, which cannot be explained on the basis of the classical approach that represents a binary mixture as a single-phase fluid with an impurity. This effect, however, can be well explained on the basis of the phase-field equations that were derived in the first part of our work. In particular, we found that when the vibrational forcing is sufficiently strong (the vibrational forcing is primarily determined by the amplitude of the vibrational velocity), above a certain threshold value, then the interface becomes shaped into a ‘frozen’ (time independent to the naked eye) structure of several pillars (the frozen waves) with axes perpendicular to the directions of the vibrations. The threshold level of the vibrations is determined by the interfacial stresses that need to be associated with miscible interfaces. The time needed for setting up the frozen pattern is relatively small, determined by hydrodynamic processes, however this time grows exponentially near the threshold. The frozen pattern remains stable either indefinitely long (if liquids are partially miscible) or until the interface becomes invisible due to diffusive smearing (if liquids are miscible in all proportions). A further increase of the vibrational forcing alters the number of the pillars, which happens discretely when the intensity of the vibrations surpasses a sequence of further critical levels. Correlation of the results with the previous experimental and theoretical studies validates the new approach making it a useful tool for tracing thermo- and hydrodynamic changes in heterogeneous mixtures.
Lesbians, Women and Society. By E. M. Ettorre, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1980. Pp 208. £7.95, £3.95 (paperback).

Eysenckian personality typology; the developmental explanations use a conditioning paradigm. The results suggest that the basic personality attributes of persons with these sexual variations are more neurotic, introverted and therefore easily conditioned than normal controls. Apart from easily predictable differences in sex phantasy the similarities between the groups are more striking than the differences. Follow-up studies will need to utilize more sensitive research methods. An interesting and original contribution as to why sexual variations are commoner in males suggests that penile erection is the most sensitive biofeedback mechanism to erotic stimuli. Thus sexual phantasy is reinforced through the male child's masturbation, universal in males, lessso in females.
To what extent can oil palm plantations in the Amazon support assemblages of Odonata larvae?

The aims of the study were to identify differences in alpha and beta diversity of Odonata larvae of the suborders Zygoptera and Anisoptera found between continuous forest sites (forest) and oil palm sites with forested buffers (oil palm), and to evaluate the extent of turnover and nestedness of communities within each habitat type. Twenty‐nine streams were sampled, 11 in forests and 18 in oil palm sites in the eastern Amazon. Alpha diversity of Zygoptera and Anisoptera was higher in streams at oil palm sites. Variation in species composition measured by beta diversity is primarily structured by turnover. Biotic heterogeneity of Zygoptera was higher in oil palm sites, while no difference was found in Anisoptera. Forested streams had more wood in the streambed, whereas oil palm sites had finer sediment, higher non‐agricultural human impact, water temperature, and road proximity index. Anisoptera turnover was positively correlated with water temperature and amount of wood in the streambed; Zygoptera turnover was positively correlated with non‐agricultural human impact. The patterns observed in Zygoptera can be attributed to the presence of forested buffers, which may have influenced the selection of foraging sites by adults and determined larval distribution. We conclude that oil palm plantations can change the environmental structure of streams and influence genus richness and turnover in Amazon streams. These results might help explain changes caused by oil palm plantations on Anisoptera and Zygoptera assemblages.
Ignition analysis on neat alcohols and biodiesel blends propelled research compression ignition engine

ABSTRACT In this present study, the emissions and performance characteristics of four-stroke, single-cylinder, water-cooled, diesel engine fueled with different blends of Rice bran biodiesel and octanol blends i.e. RBD100, RBD90O10 (10% Volume of octanol dispersed in RBD100) and RBD80O20 (20% Volume of octanol dispersed in RBD100) at 1800 rpm for compression ratio 17.5:1 were investigated. The transesterification process was used for biodiesel production with the presence of the alkaline catalyst (KOH) and methanol. The optimum biodiesel yield was found to be 88%. The fuel properties of the blends were found to be within the ASTM limits. Experimental results revealed that BTE increased and BSFC decreased with octanol addition to rice bran biodiesel. Furthermore, the diesel engine fueled with octanol and biodiesel blends reduced the NOx, Smoke, HC, CO emission due to the higher latent heat of vaporization and improved chemical properties.
Factors affecting the prevalence of ticks in cattle and acaricidal activity of Nicotiana tabacum extracts

The present study was designed to determine factors affecting the prevalence of ticks (Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus) in cattle in district Loralai of Balochistan and to evaluate the acaricidal activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). A total of 670 cattle of different breeds, age and gender were examined for tick infestation with overall prevalence of 21.49% in Loralai. Friesian was more infected (26.15%) as compare to non-descriptive (22%) and Sahiwal (12.80%) breeds. Similarly, cattle less than one year old were most infected (27.90%) followed by those between 1-2 year (26.88%); the least prevalence was in cattle more than 2 years of age (19.34%). Higher prevalence was noticed in female cattle (21.98%) as compare to male cattle (16.92%). Three concentrations of (Nicotiana tabacum) (12.5mg/mL, 25mg/mL and 50mg/mL) were prepared in chloroform and methanol. The acaricidal activity of these extracts was determined by egg laying index and percentage inhibition of egg laying. The decline in egg laying index was significantly more by chloroform extract (10.048%, 17.378% and 25.143%) as compare to methanol extract (6.367%, 13.152% and 20.827%). Hatchability of eggs in chloroform extract was less than that in methanol extract (67.5%, 43.5% 17% and 77.5%, 47.5% and 23%) respectively. We concluded that the prevalence of ticks in cattle is affected by their age, breed and gender and that chloroform extract of Nicotiana tabacum is more acaricidal as compared to the methanol extract.
NAACL-HLT 2012 The 2012 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies Proceedings of the Workshop on Evaluation Metrics and System Comparison for Automatic Summarization

Automatic evaluation has greatly facilitated system development in summarization. At the same time, the use of automatic evaluation has been viewed with mistrust by many, as its accuracy and correct application are not well understood. In this paper we provide an assessment of the automatic evaluations used for multi-document summarization of news. We outline our recommendations about how any evaluation, manual or automatic, should be used to find statistically significant differences between summarization systems. We identify the reference automatic evaluation metrics— ROUGE 1 and 2—that appear to best emulate human pyramid and responsiveness scores on four years of NIST evaluations. We then demonstrate the accuracy of these metrics in reproducing human judgements about the relative content quality of pairs of systems and present an empirical assessment of the relationship between statistically significant differences between systems according to manual evaluations, and the difference according to automatic evaluations. Finally, we present a case study of how new metrics should be compared to the reference evaluation, as we search for even more accurate automatic measures.
Effect of Traditional Fermentation Process on the Nutrient and Anti-nutrient Content of Maize and African Locust Beans

The nutrient content of cereals and legumes are not readily bioavailable due to the presence of anti-nutrients in them. This study examined the effect of traditional fermentation process on the proximate nutritional composition (moisture, ash, protein, fat and fibre content) and anti-nutrient (tannic acid) content of maize and African locust beans (ALB). The samples were processed by soaking, milling (maize), boiling and de-hulling (ALB) and were fermented for 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Samples were taken on each period for the various analysis. Traditional fermentation increased protein and fat content of maize by 35.76% and 25.91% and that of ALB by 14.18% and 8.84% respectively. Ash, fibre and tannic acid content decreased by 24.12%, 10.2% and 18.29% for maize and 15.86%, 37.14% and 70.458% for ALB respectively. It was observed in this study that 72 h of fermentation had significant effects on almost all proximate nutritional compositions and anti-nutrient analyzed with the exception of moisture content of both samples and ash content of ALB while 48 h of fermentation had significant effects only on protein content of maize and tannic acid content of both samples (P<0.05). There was no significant effect observed for 24 h of fermentation (P<0.05).
Molecular background of skin melanoma development and progression: therapeutic implications

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer with an increasing number of cases worldwide and curable mostly in its early stage. The improvement in patients’ survival in advanced melanoma has been achieved only recently, due to development of new biological drugs for targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Further progress in the treatment of melanoma is clearly dependent on the better understanding of its complex biology. This review describes the most important molecular mechanisms and genetic events underlying skin melanoma development and progression, depicts the way of action of newly developed drugs and indicates new potential therapeutic targets.
The roles of relational identification and workgroup cultural values in linking authoritarian leadership to employee performance

ABSTRACT We developed and tested a moderated mediation model of the relationship between authoritarian leadership and desirable employee performance (i.e., job performance and organization-directed citizenship behaviour, OCBO). Analyses of multilevel, multisource and data from 53 supervisors and 215 subordinates showed that relational identification mediated the time-lagged relationship between authoritarian leadership and job performance and OCBO. Authoritarian leadership has a weaker negative relationship with relational identification when group traditionality is relatively high, and this moderated relationship produces a stronger indirect relationship between authoritarian leadership and job performance and OCBO. These findings extend our understanding of the relationship between authoritarian leadership and employee performance outcomes and suggest ways organizations may seek to mitigate the extent to which authoritarian leadership hampers employees’ contributions.
Magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of traumatic and nontraumatic ankle joint and foot pathologies

Background: The ankle joint is one of the most frequently injured joints in the body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging modality which is being used routinely for evaluation and diagnosis of pathologies of the ankle joint and foot as it can demonstrate pathologies before they become evident on other imaging modalities. Materials and Methods: We carried out a descriptive study on fifty patients over a period of 2 years to evaluate role of MRI in diagnosing various pathologies of the ankle joint and foot as demonstrated by many illustrative cases in this article. Conclusion: MRI must be the primary imaging modality of choice for optimal detection of pathologies of the tendons, ligaments, and other soft-tissue structures of the ankle joint complex and the foot.
Do Auditor’s Efforts of Interim Review Curb the Analyst Forecast’s Walkdown?

This study examines whether auditors restrain the analysts’ opportunistic behavior as reviewing the companies’ interim reports. Analysts' forecasts show a walkdown pattern in which their optimism has decreased as the earnings announcement date has approached. At the beginning of the year, there is a lack of high-quality benchmark information that enables information users to judge the accuracy of analyst’s earnings forecasts. Thus, early in the year, analysts are highly inspired to disseminate optimistic forecasts in order to gain manager’s favor. In this study, we examine adequate benchmarks prevent analysts from disclosing optimistically biased forecasts. We conjecture that auditors’ efforts might mitigate analysts’ walkdown pattern. To test this hypothesis, we use data from Korea, where it is mandatory to disclose auditor’s review hours. We find that the analyst forecast’s walkdown decreases with the ratio as well as the number of audit hours. It implies that an auditor's effort in reviewing interim financial information has a monitoring function that reduces analysts' opportunistic optimism at the beginning of the year. We conjecture that the tendency will be more pronounced when BIG4 auditors review the interim reports. Consistent with the prediction, BIG4 auditors’ interim review effort is more effective in suppressing the analysts’ walkdown.
Measuring natural abundance of 13C in respired CO2: variability and implications for non‐invasive dietary analysis

1. Three experiments were performed, using laboratory mice (Mus musculus) as a model species, to evaluate the potential of using measurements of carbon isotope ratios in expired CO 2 for tracing diets. 2. Breath 13 C signatures of mice fed a constant diet (-21.4‰ ± 0.35) reflected their diet, but were depleted by on average -5.7‰. Body mass, sex and age were independent and significant factors correlated with the variability of 13 C enrichment in respired CO 2 . 3. Breath 13 C signatures from starved mice (7 h) were lower than unstarved mice by 2.0‰. Subsequently when starved mice were fed a small meal of a new diet, breath 13 C signatures approached those of the new diets within 15 min, returning to preingestion levels after 105 min. 4. After a permanent diet switch 13 C values of breath were not asymptotic within 6 days, possibly because of use of fat reserves during the daytime carrying an isotopic memory of the previous diet. Hence, individual breath 13 C signatures may vary according to nutritive state and previous dietary history. 5. Interindividual variability was measured at 3.3‰. The implications are that large samples of individuals will be required to distinguish between diets of different populations where the isotopic difference between their diets was small - for example, that expected between herbivorous and carnivorous diets. However, breath would be suitable for distinguishing between dietary intakes of individuals for food types that are isotopically more distinct - such as between C 3 and C 4 plants.
WEAPONS AS AGGRESSION-ELICITING STIMULI.

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that stimuli commonly associated with aggression can elicit aggressive responses from people ready to act aggressively. 100 male university students received either 1 or 7 shocks, supposedly from a peer, and were then given an opportunity to shock this person. In some cases a rifle and revolver were on the table near the shock key. These weapons were said to belong, or not to belong, to the available target person. In other instances there was nothing on the table near the shock key, while for a control group 2 badminton racquets were on the table near the key. The greatest number of shocks was given by the strongly aroused Ss (who had received 7 shocks) when they were in the presence of the weapons. The guns had evidently elicited strong aggressive responses from the aroused men.
Effect of Feeding Different Levels of Luffa aegyptiaca Extracts on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chicken Fed Corn-Soya Meal Diet

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of luffa aegyptiaca extracts (LAP) on the growth performance of broiler chicken fed corn-soya meal diet. The study was carried out between January to March, 2019. A total of two hundred day old broiler chicks of mixed sex (Ross 308) were allocated into four treatment groups, each group was further divided into five replicates each of ten (10) birds. The growth performance parameters measured are: initial body weight, final body weight, average weight gain, average feed intake, average water intake and mortality. Clean feed and water were provided ad libitum and the experiment lasted for 42 days. Treatment 1 contained 1.25 g/ litre of Oxyteracycline, treatment 2, 3 and 4 contained LAP at 10, 20 and 30ml/litre. There was a significant (p0.05) influenced by LAP and OXY. It was concluded that LAP could be orally administered up to 30 ml/litre to broiler chickens without any negative effect on the growth and health performance of the animal.
Pesticides related knowledge, attitude and safety practices among small-scale vegetable farmers in lagoon wetlands, Lagos, Nigeria

The unsafe and indiscriminate use of pesticides in wetlands for agriculture represents a major hazard to the environment and human health globally. The hazard of pesticide exposure and farmers susceptibility is due to lack of knowledge regarding its safe use, proper pesticides handling and practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate vegetable farmers’ knowledge, practices and exposure level during pesticides preparation and application in their crop production. A total of eighty one (81) vegetable farmers were identified in these wetlands. Four (4) declined the usage of pesticides because they are organic farmers. In all, seventy seven (77) vegetable farms and farmers were sampled for this study using a structured questionnaire. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate high risks of exposure of the vegetable farmers to toxicity and health hazards to pesticides. 71.4% of the farmers agreed that pesticide use poses some potential risk to human health while 63.6% agreed that it poses risk also to the environment. The majority of the farmers (48.1%) stored their pesticides in the open field. Some respondents also stored their pesticides in open shed meant just for pesticides (18.2), and locked chemical stores designated only for pesticides (14.3%). A worrying 6.5% of the farmers reported storing pesticides within their living area. Respondents with higher education levels were significantly less likely to store pesticides in their home (? 2 = 24.65, p< 0.05). Over 67% of the farmers indicated using at least one PPE during handling, preparation and spraying of pesticides. Among respondents who reported using PPE, less that 11% wore all the recommended six key PPE items (coveralls, protective boots, glasses/goggles, gloves, respirator, and hat). A substantial number of respondents reported not wearing respirators/nose mask (84.6%), coveralls (59.6%), or glasses/goggles (46.1%) at all. The PPE most often used were protective gloves (71.2%), hats (44.2%), and booths (42.3%). This use of partial usage PPE and non usage by farmers during pesticides application increases the potential risk of pesticide exposure, with serious health implications. It is evident that there are high risks of exposure of the small-scale farmers in the study area to toxicity and health hazards of pesticides during preparation and application. urgent need for regular and updated training of farmers on the safe use of pesticides and safe disposal of empty pesticide containers, left over spray solutions and water used to wash sprayer equipment after spraying as this is crucial to ensure effective management of insect pests and diseases, prevention of environmental pollution and safe pesticides usage.
“Cross-Talk” between Cell Division Cycle and Development in Plants

The elaboration of plant form and function depends on the ability of a plant cell to divide and differentiate. The decisions of individual cells to enter the cell cycle, maintain proliferation competence, become quiescent, expand, differentiate, or die depend on the perception of various signals. These signals can include hormones, nutrients, light, temperature, and internal positional and developmental cues. The title “Cross-Talk between Cell Division Cycle and Development in Plants” was chosen for a workshop hosted by the Instituto Juan March de Estudios e Investigaciones in Madrid (Spain) from November 12 to 14, 2001, and cosponsored by the Institute of Molecular Agrobiology, Singapore, to address the age-old question of whether cells make plants or plants make cells. The mainstream ideas that emerged indicated that the activity of key cell cycle regulators (controlling cell cycle transitions) also can have profound effects on development. Here, we highlight a number of new discoveries reinforcing this idea. The widely conserved cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin (Cyc) partners are the driving forces of cell cycle progression, regulating the G1/Sand G2/M-phase transitions as well as progression through and exit from the cell cycle (Figure 1). It is accepted that in plants, CDK/cyc complexes phosphorylate the retinoblastoma-related protein (RBR), causing the activation of a set of genes that are regulated by the E2F/DP transcription factor and are necessary for S-phase entry and DNA replication. Later in G2, the activity of other CDK/cyc complexes induce entry into mitosis. During M-phase, the degradation of the mitotic cyclins and the deactivation of the kinase complexes permit exit from mito“Cross-Talk” between Cell Division Cycle and Development in Plants