Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma biochemistry and urinalysis variables of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with and without oxalate nephrosis.

BACKGROUND Oxalate nephrosis is a highly prevalent disease in the Mount Lofty Ranges koala population in South Australia, but associated clinicopathologic findings remain undescribed. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine plasma biochemical and urinalysis variables, particularly for renal function and urinary crystal morphology and composition, in koalas with oxalate nephrosis. METHODS Blood and urine samples from Mount Lofty Ranges koalas with oxalate nephrosis were compared with those unaffected by renal oxalate crystal deposition from Mount Lofty and Kangaroo Island, South Australia and Moggill, Queensland. Plasma and urine biochemistry variables were analyzed using a Cobas Bio analyzer, and urinary oxalate by high-performance liquid chromatography. Urinary crystal composition was determined by infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. RESULTS Azotemia (urea > 6.6 mmol/L, creatinine > 150 μmol/L) was found in 93% of koalas with oxalate nephrosis (n = 15). All azotemic animals had renal insufficiency (urine specific gravity [USG] < 1.035), and in 83%, USG was < 1.030. Koalas with oxalate nephrosis were hyperoxaluric compared with Queensland koalas (P < .01). Urinary crystals from koalas with oxalate nephrosis had atypical morphology and were composed of calcium oxalate. Mount Lofty Ranges koalas unaffected by renal oxalate crystal deposition had renal insufficiency (43%), although only 14% had USG < 1.030 (n = 7). Unaffected Mount Lofty Ranges and Kangaroo Island koalas were hyperoxaluric compared with Queensland koalas (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Koalas with oxalate nephrosis from the Mount Lofty Ranges had renal insufficiency, hyperoxaluria, and pathognomonic urinary crystals. The findings of this study will aid veterinary diagnosis of this disease.
Factor pricing in commodity futures and the role of liquidity

This paper empirically investigates the pricing factors and their associated risk premiums of commodity futures. Existing pricing factors in equity and bond markets, including market premium and term structure, are tested in commodity futures markets. Hedging pressure in commodity futures markets and momentum effects is also considered. This study combines these factors to discuss their importance in explaining commodity future returns, while the literature has studied these factors separately. One of the important pricing factors in equity and bond markets is liquidity, but its role as a pricing factor in commodity futures markets has not yet been studied. To our knowledge, this research is the first to study liquidity as a pricing factor in commodity futures. The risk premiums of two momentum factors and speculators’ hedging pressure range from 2% to 3% per month and are greater than the risk premiums of roll yield (0.8%) and liquidity (0.5%). The result of a significant liquidity premium suggests that liquidity is priced in commodity futures.
Heterogeneous fault stresses from previous earthquakes and the effect on dynamics of parallel strike‐slip faults

[1] We combine a viscoelastic model for the interseismic process and an elastodynamic model for the coseismic process to explore the dynamics (over multiple earthquake cycles) of two parallel strike-slip faults embedded in a two-dimensional full space. The step over fault geometry results in a buildup of heterogeneous fault stress near the step over. This heterogeneous stress accumulates at the early stage of the evolution of the fault system, and finally stabilizes after a number of earthquake cycles. The heterogeneity in fault stress varies with the geometrical parameters (e.g., width and along-strike overlap/ gap) of the step over, as well as the rupture history of the fault system. This heterogeneous fault stress from previous earthquakes has significant effects on earthquake rupture initiation, propagation, and termination. The locations with a low normal stress level near a step over are favorable points for earthquake initiation. Rupture can jump a 4 km wide compressional step over and a 8 km or wider dilational step over if the fault system has historically experienced many earthquakes. A young step over with less induced heterogeneity allows rupture to jump only smaller step over widths. These results may have important implications for seismic hazard analysis in areas where segmented strikeslip faults predominate, particularly for estimating maximum earthquake potential. Citation: Duan, B. , and D. D. Oglesby (2006), Heterogeneous fault stresses from previous earthquakes and the effect on dynamics of parallel strike-slip faults, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B05309, doi:10.1029/2005JB004138.
Discussion of Internal Noise Currents in a Control Circuit on a 200-kHz Switching PWM Inverter

This paper discusses noise currents in a control or gate-drive circuit of a 200-kHz PWM inverter. When the MOSFETs of the inverter are turned-on or -off, the noise current flows into the control and drive circuits. As a result, a malfunction in the controller of the inverter may occur. The equivalent circuit for the noise current is estimated from the experimental waveforms. This paper discusses three suppression methods of the internal noise current, and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, a design procedure for the gate-drive circuit of a high-frequency switching PWM inverter is described.
The specific Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor acalabrutinib (ACP-196) shows favorable in vitro activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells with CD20 antibodies

Acalabrutinib is a new, irreversible Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, reported to be more selective than ibrutinib. [1][1]–[3][2] BTK inhibitors are often combined with anti-CD20 antibodies in the clinic, but ibrutinib interferes with some of the cell-mediated mechanisms of action of anti-
When morphogenetic proteins encounter special extracellular matrix and cell-cell connections at the interface of the renal stem/progenitor cell niche

Reciprocal exchange of morphogenetic proteins between epithelial and mesenchymal cells in a stem/progenitor cell niche results in formation of a nephron. To maintain diffusion of morphogenetic proteins, it is assumed that a close contact exists between involved cells. However, recent publications underline that both types of stem/progenitor cells are separated by a striking interface. To explore this microarchitecture in detail, neonatal rabbit kidneys were fixed in traditional glutaraldehyde (GA) solution for transmission electron microscopy. For contrast enhancing specimens were fixed in GA solution including cupromeronic blue, ruthenium red or tannic acid. To record same perspectives, embedded blocks of parenchyma were cut in exactly orientated vertical and transverse planes to lining collecting ducts. Electron microscopy of specimens fixed by traditional GA solution illustrates a spatial separation of stem/progenitor cells and an unobstrusively looking interface. In contrast, advanced fixation of specimens in GA solution including cupromeronic blue, ruthenium red and tannic acid unmasks earlier not visible extracellular matrix. In addition, projections of mesenchymal cells covered by matrix cross the interface to contact epithelial cells. Surprisingly, the end of a mesenchymal cell projection does not dangle but is enclosed in a fitting sleeve and connected via tunneling nanotubes with the plasma membrane of an epithelial cell. Regarding this complex ensemble the question is to what extent illustrated cell-cell connections and extracellular matrix are involved in communication and transmission of morphogenetic proteins during induction of a nephron.
Use of a von Frey device for evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine after intravenous administration as an infusion or multiple doses in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine after IV administration as an infusion or multiple doses in dogs by use of a von Frey (vF) device. ANIMALS 6 dogs. PROCEDURE In the first 2 crossover experiments of a 3-way crossover study, morphine or saline (0.9%) solution was administered via IV infusion. Loading doses and infusion rates were administered to attain targeted plasma concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 ng/mL. In the third experiment, morphine (0.5 mg/kg) was administered IV every 2 hours for 3 doses. The vF thresholds were measured hourly for 8 hours. Plasma concentrations of morphine were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS No significant changes in vF thresholds were observed during infusion of saline solution. The vF thresholds were significantly increased from 5 to 8 hours during the infusion phase, corresponding to targeted morphine plasma concentrations > 30 ng/mL and infusion rates > or = 0.15 +/- 0.02 mg/kg/h. The maximal effect (EMAX) was 78 +/- 11% (percentage change from baseline), and the effective concentration to attain a 50% maximal response (EC50) was 29.5 +/- 5.4 ng/mL. The vF thresholds were significantly increased from 1 to 7 hours during the multiple-dose phase; the EC50 and EMAX were 23.9 +/- 4.7 ng/mL and 173 +/- 58%, respectively. No significant differences in half-life, volume of distribution, or clearance between the first and last dose of morphine were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Morphine administered via IV infusion (0.15 +/- 0.02 mg/kg/h) and multiple doses (0.5 mg/kg, IV, every 2 hours for 3 doses) maintained significant antinociception in dogs.
Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion Energy storage battery aging: general methodology and examples of application

The paper describes a wide and complete methodology for the execution of aging tests and the analysis of aging mechanisms of electrochemical accumulators, whose purpose is to extend the lifetime of the energy storage systems through a non-stressful management of the battery and through improvements at level of cell materials. The methodology has been applied to three lithium-ion cells and the results are summarized and commented in the paper.
Modulation of human neuronal a 1E -type calcium channel by a 2 d-subunit

Qin, Ning, Riccardo Olcese, Enrico Stefani, and Lutz Birnbaumer. Modulation of human neuronal a1E-type calcium channel by a2d-subunit. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Cell Physiol. 43): C1324–C1331, 1998. —Calcium channels are composed of a pore-forming subunit, a1, and at least two auxiliary subunits, band a2d-subunits. It is well known that b-subunits regulate most of the properties of the channel. The function of a2d-subunit is less understood. In this study, the effects of the calcium channel a2d-subunit on the neuronal a1E voltage-gated calcium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes was investigated without and with simultaneous coexpression of either the b1bor the b2a-subunit. Most aspects of a1E function were affected by a2d. Thus a2d caused a shift in the current-voltage and conductance-voltage curves toward more positive potentials and accelerated activation, deactivation, and the installation of the inactivation process. In addition, the efficiency with which charge movement is coupled to pore opening assessed by determining ratios of limiting conductance to limiting charge movement was decreased by a2d by factors that ranged from 1.6 (P , 0.01) for a1E-channels to 3.0 (P , 0.005) for a1Eb1b-channels. These results indicate that a2d facilitates the expression and the maturation of a1Echannels and converts these channels into molecules responding more rapidly to voltage.
Therapeutic Failure or Resistance to Aspirin

1. Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT III, et al. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:2411–20. 2. Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJG, et al. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet 2001;358:527–33.
Optimal Control of Connected and Automated Vehicles at Unsignalized Intersections: Discrete and Regroup

This study presents an optimal control strategy for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) at unsignalized intersections. A control framework with task-decomposition is designed for the near-intersection area. Firstly, the continuous traffic flow is discretized with a proposed intersection area-division scheme. Then, vehicles in different lanes are regrouped based on longitudinal positions to establish multivehicle cooperative optimal control problems of limited vehicle number. The expected optimal trajectory in the merging zone is obtained through offline simulation, which simplifies the constraints of the optimal control problem and improves the real-time performance of the online trajectory solving. Finally, an ideal capacity model is proposed based on the transit time window of vehicle, so that the capacity of a single lane is increased to 2400veh/h. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy ensures the driving safety at the unsignalized intersection, and this strategy efficiently reduces planning time for vehicle trajectories.
Naringenin and hesperetin, two flavonoids derived from Citrus aurantium up‐regulate transcription of adiponectin

The dried, immature fruit of Citrus aurantium L. , ‘Zhiqiao’ in Chinese, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Naringenin and hesperetin and their glycosides present in considerable amounts (about 10∼15%) in the herb. The aim of this study is to test whether naringenin and hesperetin influence adiponectin expression, which plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism with antiatherogenic and anti‐inflammatory properties. Treatment with naringenin and hesperetin enhanced adiponectin transcription in differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells. Both naringenin and hesperetin induced peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)γ‐controlled luciferase expression in a dose‐dependent manner (20–160 µM), whereas only naringenin possessed significant activity to activate PPARα. These results suggested the two flavonoids might exert antiatherogenic effects partly through activating PPAR and up‐regulating adiponectin expression in adipocytes. Our findings give new insight for the molecular explanations for the therapeutic effects of Zhiqiao. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation-Based Phase Measurement of RF Power-Amplifier Intermodulation Products

Computation-based phase measurement is a relatively new intermodulation measurement method. It differs from other major methods in that no external phase reference signal is needed. This paper studies modulation phase measurement procedures from the viewpoint of the information envelope domain. This leads to further development of the time-zero cancelation technique and simplification of the computation-based phase measurement. Noncoherent calibrated two-tone phase measurement procedures are shown to be feasible as one validation of the proposed ideology.
Practical Large-scale Model-Driven Development of Business Applications with an Executable UML

Despite intensive work in academy and industry around it in the last two decades, the discipline of modeldriven development with UML apparently has not become the industrial mainstream for building large-scale information systems. In this paper, we present our attitude toward two probably mostly debated topics: 1) the lackluster adoption of MDD with UML in this field; we try to identify and explain what we believe are the main reasons for it, and 2) the controversial debate about general-purpose modeling languages, UML in particular, versus domain-specific modeling languages (DSLs). We present our approach to building largescale business applications based on an executable profile of UML, named OOIS UML, and implemented as a framework named SOLoist. We also briefly report on our experiences and lessons learnt from successfully using the approach and the framework in industrial projects of different size and domains over the last
Abacavir use and risk of acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular events in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era.

BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested that exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) with abacavir is associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS Using the Veterans Health Administration's Clinical Case Registry we calculated the risk of AMI and cerebrovascular events (CVA) associated with the cumulative use of abacavir and other nucleoside combinations. We also evaluated the impact of pre-existing chronic kidney disease on the selection of abacavir versus tenofovir in the last recorded ART regimen, and on highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated AMI and CVA risks. RESULTS A total of 19,424 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients contributed 76,376 patient-years of follow. After adjusting for age, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and smoking, the hazard ratio (HR) for each year of abacavir use was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], .92-1.50; P=.191) for AMI and 1.16 (95% CI, .98-1.37; P=.096) for CVA. Abacavir use was more common among patients with prior chronic kidney disease than was tenofovir use (12.46% versus 7.15%; P=.0001), and chronic kidney disease was associated with a significantly higher risk of AMI (HR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.73-3.36), and CVA (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.44-2.24). Compared with patients who received neither tenofovir nor abacavir, patients who received tenofovir had lower risk of AMI (HR, 0.16; 95% CI, .08-.33; P=.0001) and CVA (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, .15-.32; P=.001). Use of abacavir was associated with lower risk of CVA (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, .45-.79). CONCLUSIONS We observed no association between cumulative or current abacavir use and AMI or CVA. Abacavir use was more common than was tenofovir use among patients with prior chronic kidney disease, and chronic kidney disease independently predicted higher rates of AMI and CVA.
How do the cognitive load, self-efficacy and attitude of pre-service teachers shift in the multimedia science learning process?

The aim of this study is to investigate pre-service teacher’s cognitive load types (intrinsic load-IL, extraneous load-EL, and germane load-GL), academic achievements, and affective characteristics (attitude and self-efficacy) at two stages of experimental learning processes. The first and the second groups used explanatory instructional multimedia science simulations (EImms-1 and EImms-2), and the third group used actual science laboratory experiments (ASLE). In the first stage, the pre-service teachers in the EImms-1 and 2 groups performed 20 different science experiments, and the students in the ASLE group performed the same experiments in the science laboratory. In the second stage, the groups were switched. The results show that the pre-service teachers in the EImms groups have significantly higher self-efficacy, more positive attitude, greater academic achievement, and lower IL, EL, and GL scores than those in the ASLE group. Also, the results are discussed with regard to cognitive load perspective. Key words: Cognitive load, self-efficacy, attitude, simulation based science experiments, real (wetlab) science experiments, academic achievement, pre-service teachers.
High-speed police pursuits : Dangers , dynamics , and risk reduction

High-speed police pursuits and the inherent risk of injury and death that can resuit constitute an important law enforcement and public safety issue. Police pursuits are dangerous. Available data indicate that the number of pursuits continues to increase, as well as the number of pursuit-related injuries and deaths. A traffic accident constitutes the most common terminating event in an urban pursuit,1 and most people agree that these pursuits should be controlled. Yet, researchers note a widespread lack of accurate data on the subject.
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF URBAN FIRE INCIDENTS : A CASE STUDY OF NANJING , CHINA

Fire and rescue service is one of the fundamental public services provided by government in order to protect people, properties and environment from fires and other disasters, and thus promote a safer living environment. Well understanding spatial-temporal dynamics of fire incidents can offer insights for potential determinants of various fire events and enable better fire risk estimation, assisting future allocation of prevention resources and strategic planning of mitigation programs. Using a 12-year (2002-2013) dataset containing the urban fire events in Nanjing, China, this research explores the spatial-temporal dynamics of urban fire incidents. A range of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) approaches and tools, such as spatial kernel density and co-maps, are employed to examine the spatial, temporal and spatial-temporal variations of the fire events. Particular attention has been paid to two types of fire incidents: residential properties and local facilities, due to their relatively higher occurrence frequencies. The results demonstrated that the amount of urban fire has greatly increased in the last decade and spatial-temporal distribution of fire events vary among different incident types, which implies varying impact of potential influencing factors for further investigation. * Corresponding author
Hepatic monooxygenase (CYP1A and CYP3A) and UDPGT enzymatic activities as biomarkers for long-term carbofuran exposure in tench (Tinca tinca L)

The effect of a long-term exposure of tenchs to different concentrations (10 and 100 μ g/L) of the pesticide carbofuran has been evaluated. Microsomal hepatic cytochrome P450 subfamily 1A (CYP1A) and 3A (CYP3A) activities, as well as the phase II enzyme uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) activity were evaluated as adequate biomarkers of fish exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of the pesticide carbofuran in freshwater ecosystems. A clear time-dependent inhibition of both CYP1A and UDPGT activities was observed in fish exposed to the highest dose of carbofuran with respect to controls, whereas in the case of CYP3A activity, values of exposed animals did not show a clear pattern of alteration during the experiment. The results of the present study demonstrated that hepatic CYP1A and UDPGT activities from tench could be considered as sensitive biomarkers for carbamate pesticides in polluted water, thus allowing future and ecologically relevant biomonitoring studies with this species.