Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lung ICAM‐1 and ICAM‐2 support spontaneous intravascular effector lymphocyte entrapment but are not required for neutrophil entrapment or emigration inside endotoxin‐inflamed lungs

The pulmonary vasculature constitutively expresses the integrin lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 ligands intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 and ‐2. In this study, effector T cells were temporarily entrapped by the lung vasculature on their way to inflamed lymph nodes, and this entrapment was strongly reduced in ICAM‐1 and ‐2 double‐deficient mice (79 and 86% reduction for CD8+ and CD4+ effectors, respectively, compared with wild‐type mice). Although the pulmonary vasculature has been suggested to be masked by the heparan sulfate‐containing glycocalyx, which is susceptible to heparanase‐mediated shedding, lung and lymphocyte heparanase have been found to be unnecessary for this entrapment. Systemic LPS induced rapid neutrophil entrapment in the lung vasculature, but in contrast to T‐cell entrapment, this sequestration was ICAM‐1, ICAM‐2, and heparanase independent. Furthermore, neutrophil migration into the bronchoalveolar space induced by LPS inhalation and LPS‐induced leakage of red blood cells into this space were not dependent on lung ICAMs or heparanase activity. Nevertheless, heparanase was critical for neutrophil accumulation in smoke‐exposed lungs. Our results indicate that, whereas T cells use ICAM‐1 and ‐2 for temporary pulmonary entrapment, neutrophils get sequestered and extravasate into inflamed lungs independent of ICAMs. This is the first demonstration that the pulmonary vasculature is differentially recognized by T cells and neutrophils. —Petrovich, E. , Feigelson, S. W. , Stoler‐Barak, L. , Hatzav, M. , Solomon, A. , Bar‐Shai, A. , Ilan, N. , Li, J.‐P., Engelhardt, B. , Vlodavsky, I. , Alon, R. Lung ICAM‐1 and ICAM‐2 support spontaneous intravascular effector lymphocyte entrapment but are not required for neutrophil entrapment or emigration inside endotoxin‐inflamed lungs. FASEB J. 30, 1767–1778 (2016). www.fasebj. org
Fatigue in COPD and the Impact of Respiratory Symptoms and Heart Disease—A Population-based Study

Abstract Background: Fatigue is reported in COPD and in heart disease; however, there are hardly any population based data on the relationship between these conditions. Aim: To describe fatigue in relation to COPD by disease severity and to evaluate the impact of respiratory symptoms and heart disease. Methods: Data were collected in 2007 from the OLIN COPD study; 564 subjects with COPD (FEV1/FVC < 0.70) and a distribution of disease severity representative for the general population, and 786 subjects without COPD. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)—Fatigue scale was used to assess fatigue (0–52); lower scores represent worse fatigue. Results: Median FACIT-F score was 44.0 in COPD defined by merely spirometric criteria and 42.0 in COPD also reporting respiratory symptoms, significantly lower compared to 46.0 in non-COPD (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001), and decreased by disease severity. The score was lower in COPD stage ≥ II and in COPD with respiratory symptoms already from stage I when compared to non-COPD. Subjects with heart disease reported lower scores than those without heart disease in COPD by all stages and in non-COPD. COPD with respiratory symptoms stage ≥II remained a significant risk factor for clinically significant fatigue also when adjusted for gender, age, heart disease and smoking habits (stage II OR 1.65, CI 1.17-2.31 and stage III-IV OR 2.66, CI 1.11-6.36). Conclusion: Fatigue is common in COPD, and is affected by respiratory symptoms and concomitant heart disease. In COPD with respiratory symptoms stage ≥ II, there is an increased risk for clinically significant fatigue.
Editing Antigen Presentation: Antigen Transfer between Human B Lymphocytes and Macrophages Mediated by Class A Scavenger Receptors1

B lymphocytes can function independently as efficient APCs. However, our previous studies demonstrate that both dendritic cells and macrophages are necessary to propagate immune responses initiated by B cell APCs. This finding led us to identify a process in mice whereby Ag-specific B cells transfer Ag to other APCs. In this study, we report the ability and mechanism by which human B lymphocytes can transfer BCR-captured Ag to macrophages. The transfer of Ag involves direct contact between the two cells followed by the capture of B cell-derived membrane and/or intracellular components by the macrophage. These events are abrogated by blocking scavenger receptor A, a receptor involved in the exchange of membrane between APCs. Macrophages acquire greater amounts of Ag in the presence of specific B cells than in their absence. This mechanism allows B cells to amplify or edit the immune response to specific Ag by transferring BCR-captured Ag to other professional APCs, thereby increasing the frequency of its presentation. Ag transfer may perpetuate chronic autoimmune responses to specific self-proteins and help explain the efficacy of B cell-directed therapies in human disease.
Swedish Registered Nurses' incentives to use nursing diagnoses in clinical practice.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe Registered Nurses' incentives to use nursing diagnoses in clinical practice. BACKGROUND The use of nursing diagnoses is scarce in Swedish patient records. However, there are hospital wards were all nurses formulate and use nursing diagnoses in their daily work. This leads to the question of what motivates these nurses who do use nursing diagnoses in clinical practice. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive design. METHODS A purposeful sampling of 12 Registered Nurses was used. Qualitative interviews to collect data and a content analysis were performed. RESULTS Five categories were identified: identification of the patient as an individual and as a whole, a working tool for facilitating nursing care, increasing awareness within nursing, support from the management and influence on the professional role. The principle findings of this study were: (i) that the Registered Nurses perceived that nursing diagnoses clarified the patient's individual needs and thereby enabled them to decide on more specific nursing interventions, (ii) that nursing diagnoses were found to facilitate communication between colleagues concerning patient care and thus promoted continuity of care and saved time and (iii) that nursing diagnoses were perceived to increase the Registered Nurses' reflective thinking leading to a continuous development of professional knowledge. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that the incentives to use nursing diagnoses originate from effects generated from performing a deeper analysis of the patient's nursing needs. Further research is needed to test and validate the usability and consequences of using nursing diagnoses in clinical practice. Motivating factors found in this study may be valuable to Registered Nurses for the use and development of nursing diagnoses in clinical care. Moreover, these factors may be of relevance in other countries that are in a similar situation as Sweden concerning application of nursing diagnoses.
Spatially and temporally differentiated patterns of c‐fos expression in brainstem catecholamilriergic cell groups induced by cardiovascular challenges in the rat

Brainstem catecholaminergic neurons have been implicated as mediating adaptive autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to cardiovascular challenges. To clarify the nature of this involvement, immuno‐ and hybridization histochemical methods were used to follow c‐fos expression in these neurons in response to acute stimuli that differentially affect blood pressure and volume. From low basal levels, hypotensive hemorrhage (15%) provoked a progressive increase in the number and distribution of Fos‐immunoreactive (ir) nuclei in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the Al and C1 cell groups of the ventrolateral medulla, and in the pontine A5, locus coeruleus, and lateral parabrachial cell groups peaking at 2.0–2.5 hours after the challenge. Fos‐ir ventrolateral medullary neurons, subsets of which were identified as projecting to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus or spinal cord, were predominantly aminergic, whereas most of those in the NTS were not. Infusion of an angiotensin II antagonist blunted hemorrhage‐induced Fos expression in the area postrema, and attenuated that seen elsewhere in the medulla and pons. Nitroprusside‐induced isovolemic hypotension yielded a pattern of c‐fos induction similar to that seen following hemorrhage, except in the area postrema and the Al cell group, where the response was muted or lacking. Phenylephrineinduced hypertension stimulated a restricted pattern of c‐fos expression, largely limited to non‐aminergic neurons, whose distribution in the NTS conformed to the termination patterns of primary baroreceptor afferents, and in the ventrolateral medulla overlapped in part with those of vagal cardiomotor and depressor neurons. These findings underscore the importance of brainstem catecholaminergic neurons in effecting integrated homeostatic responses to cardiovascular challenges and their ability to responding strategically to specific modalities of cardiovascular information. They also foster testable predictions as to effector neuron populations that might be recruited to respond to perturbations in individual circulatory parameters. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The investigative interview contribution to law enforcement: perceptions of Portuguese police officers and magistrates

The Cognitive Interview (CI) offers a systematic method for increasing the amount of relevant information obtained from a witness without compromising accuracy. Purpose: This research aimed to investigate police officers’ perceptions of their interviewing practices with specific reference to their use of the cognitive interview components. Second, it was intended to assess how useful prosecutors and judges consider the cognitive interview techniques. Method: A sample of 362 police officers’ from 4 Portuguese law enforcement agencies and a sample of 148 Magistrates (64 Judges and 84 Prosecutors) completed a self-report questionnaire con1 Paulo Barbosa Marques is a criminal investigator at the Criminal Investigation Department of the Public Security Police (PSP). He graduated in Psychology and is a chartered forensic psychologist with expertise in forensic psychological assessment. He also holds a Master’s degree in Law and Security from the Faculty of Law NOVA University of Lisbon and a postgraduate course in Internal Security from the Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Internal Security. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to paulomarques_82@hotmail.com. The content of this study does not reflect the official opinion of the Public Security Police. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in this paper lies entirely with the author. 2 Rebecca Milne is a Professor of Forensic Psychology at the Institute of Criminal Justice Studies, University of Portsmouth, UK, and Director of the Centre of Forensic Interviewing. She is also a member of the UK National Police Chiefs’ Council, Investigative Interviewing Strategic Steering Group, and an associate of the UK Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats (CREST). European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin Nr. 18 (Winter 2019) 92 cerning their perceptions of witness interviewing practices. Results: The results indicated that officers’ report they use some techniques more often than others. Police officers’ also tended to opt for more intuitive techniques (e.g. rapport, uninterrupted account) and move away from the more advanced techniques and mnemonics that help an extensive retrieval (e.g. recall in variety of orders, change perspective). This may be indicative of insufficient training in techniques that promote more efficient recall. Conclusion: In fact, regardless of the criminal police body in Portugal, there is still a long way to go with regard training police officers’ in adequate procedures to obtain better testimonial evidence. It is perceived that the current training of criminal investigators is simplistic, relying mainly on intuitive techniques and disregarding the contributions of the scientific community.
Mating system, mate choice and parental care in a bark beetle

Abstract The cypress bark beetle, Phloeosinus armatus, is a common element of the dying cypress tree system in East-Mediterranean countries. Adult beetles congregate for breeding on this ephemeral resource. We studied three traits that characterize this beetle's sexual behavior and linked them to its reproductive success: mating system, mate choice, and parental care. We found that the females are the ‘pioneering sex’, excavating the mating chamber. The average female is slightly larger than the male, and female and male body size is correlated, demonstrating size-assortative mating. The time it takes for a male to enter the mating chamber is positively correlated with female size and negatively correlated with its own size, which is perhaps responsible for this assortative mating. Males remain in the gallery during the period of oviposition, gradually leaving soon after the eggs hatch. The number of eggs laid and tunnel length are positively correlated with male body size. Finally, in the presence of both parents, more eggs are laid than when the female alone is present, demonstrating the important contribution of biparental care for reproductive success. We suggest that the interaction between a monogamous mating system, assortative mating, and biparental care contributes to reproductive success.
Sex differences in glia reactivity after cortical brain injury

Several brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation show sex differences in their incidence, onset, progression and/or outcome. The different regulation of the neuroinflammatory response in males and females could underlie these sex differences. In this study, we have explored whether reactive gliosis after a penetrating cortical injury exhibits sex differences. Males presented a higher density of Iba1 immunoreactive cells in the proximity of the wound (0–220 μm) than females. This sex difference was due to a higher number of Iba1 immunoreactive cells with nonreactive morphology. In addition microglia/macrophages in that region expressed arginase‐1, marker of alternatively activated microglia, and the neuroprotective protein Neuroglobin, in a greater proportion in males than in females. No sex differences were found in the number of astrocytes around the lesion. However, the percentage of astrocytes expressing chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), involved in recruitment of immune cells and gliosis regulation, was higher in males. Males also presented a significantly higher density of neurons in the lesion edge than females. These findings indicate that male and female mice have different neuroinflammatory responses after a cortical stab wound injury and suggest that sex differences in reactive gliosis may contribute to sex differences in neuroinflammatory diseases. GLIA 2015;63:1966–1981
Exploring the interplay of visual and haptic modalities in a pattern-matching task

It is not well understood how working memory deals with coupled haptic and visual presentation modes. Present theoretical understandings of human cognition indicate that these modes are processed by the visuospatial sketchpad. If this is accurate, then there may be no efficiency in distributing information between the haptic and visual modalities in situations of visual overload [1]. However, this needs to be empirically explored. In this paper, we describe an evaluation of human performance in a pattern-matching task involving a fingertip interface that can present both haptic and visual information. Our purpose was to explore the interplay of visual and haptic processing in working memory, in particular how presentation mode affects performance. We designed a comparative study involving a pattern-matching task. Users were presented with a sequence of two patterns through different modalities using a fingertip interface and were asked to differentiate between them. While no significant difference was found between the visual and visual+haptic presentation modes, the results indicate a strong partiality for the coupling of visual and haptic modalities. This suggests that working memory is not hampered by using both visual and haptic channels, and that recall may be strengthened by dual-coding both visual and haptic modes.
The effect of ginger for relieving of primary dysmenorrhoea.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of ginger in providing relief to patients of primary dysmenorrhoea. METHODS The clinical trial was conducted at Toyserkan Azad University in western Iran from July 10 to September 5, 2010. It comprised of 70 female students of the university with primary dysmenorrhoea.The subjects were randomly divided in to two equal groups and were given either placebo or ginger in capsule form for 3 days in first menstruation cycles. They graded the severity of their pain using a visual analogue scale. A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess response to treatment. Wilcoxor's rank-sum test was used to compare the severity of pain in the two groups. RESULTS Compared with the baseline, the decrease in the visual analogue scores of post-therapy pain in the ginger group was significantly greater than that for placebo group. In the ginger group, 29 (82.85%) subjects reported an improvement in nausea symptoms, compared with 16 (47.05%) in the placebo group. CONCLUSION Ginger is effective in minimising the pain severity in primary dysmenorrhoea.
Moving Toward a Technology Infusion Approach: Considerations for Teacher Preparation Programs

Abstract Most colleges of education employ a standalone technology integration course as a part of their teacher preparation programs. But in a 2016 higher education brief associated with the National Educational Technology Plan, the U.S. Department of Education suggested this approach is limiting for teacher candidates and charged teacher educators to devise a better option. A program-deep and program-wide approach to address technology integration that our college calls “technology infusion” is embedded in courses where content and pedagogy were emphasized. Over the past seven years, we have learned that technology infusion requires viewing technology integration from a conceptual and developmental perspective, and considering this innovative approach from an organizational perspective. This is consistent with change theory that indicates coming up with an innovation is 20% of the effort, while implementing change accounts for the other 80% (Fullan, 2007). The conclusions in this paper are based on the compilation of findings from our research studies as well as recent reflective conversations related to lessons learned that might support others in the field who are interested in moving toward an infused approach. Included are literature we used to justify a technology infusion approach, factors that shaped the adoption of technology infusion in our college, and factors we believe other colleges should consider prior to launching a technology infusion effort. (Keywords: educational technology, technology infusion, technology integration, teacher preparation, TPACK)
Informed Corporate Credit Market before Monetary Policy Surprises: Explaining Pre-FOMC Stock Market Movements

We show that U.S. corporate bond market movements during the days preceding FOMC announcements can predict monetary policy surprises, as well as the pre-FOMC stock market movements. Starting several days before an expansionary (contractionary) surprise in FOMC decisions, corporate bond prices surge (decline) and yield spreads decline (surge). The pattern is statistically and economically significant. Moreover, corporate bond customers buy (sell) more often from dealers before expansionary (contractionary) surprises, suggesting that in aggregate they have more accurate information about the outcome of FOMC announcements. A portfolio that mimics customer trades is profitable with a Sharpe ratio of 0.64 and is profitable before both contractionary and expansionary surprises. Furthermore, consistent with the informativeness of corporate bond transactions, we show that lagged corporate bond customer-dealer trade imbalances can predict pre-FOMC stock market movements and explain pre-FOMC drift. Corporate bond yield changes "Granger-cause" stock pre-FOMC movements, and a 1% surge in the constructed TRACE bond yield during a 2 p.m. -to-2 p.m. period ending one day before an FOMC announcement, predicts a 5.8% decline in the S&P 500 index for the 2 p.m. -to-2 p.m. period ending on the FOMC meeting day. This bond-to-stock granger causality does not exist for non-pre-FOMC periods and is stronger for the companies with higher probability of default.
High prevalence of the W24X mutation in the gene encoding connexin‐26 (GJB2) in Spanish Romani (gypsies) with autosomal recessive non‐syndromic hearing loss

Molecular testing for mutations in the gene encoding connexin‐26 (GJB2) at the DFNB1 locus has become the standard of care for genetic diagnosis and counseling of autosomal recessive non‐syndromic hearing impairment (ARNSHI). The spectrum of mutations in GJB2 varies considerably among the populations, different alleles predominating in different ethnic groups. A cohort of 34 families of Spanish Romani (gypsies) with ARNSHI was screened for mutations in GJB2. We found that DFNB1 deafness accounts for 50% of all ARNSHI in Spanish gypsies. The predominating allele is W24X (79% of the DFNB1 alleles), and 35delG is the second most common allele (17%). An allele‐specific PCR test was developed for the detection of the W24X mutation. By using this test, carrier frequencies were determined in two sample groups of gypsies from different Spanish regions (Andalusia and Catalonia), being 4% and 0%, respectively. Haplotype analysis for microsatellite markers closely flanking the GJB2 gene revealed five different haplotypes associated with the W24X mutation, all sharing the same allele from marker D13S141, suggesting that a founder effect for this mutation is responsible for its high prevalence among Spanish gypsies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.