Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations between Microbiological and Salivary Caries Activity Tests and Caries Experience in Hungarian Adolescents

The aim of the study was to assess caries prevalence in connection with salivary caries–related findings in 349 14– to 16–year–old Hungarian adolescents living in two different cities. DMFT, DMFS means, stimulated salivary flow, buffer capacity, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and candida counts in saliva were determined. The ratio of caries–free adolescents was 4.6% in the total population sample, DMFT mean values were 7.24±4.86, DMFS means 10.50±8.35. Mean secretion rate of stimulated saliva was 0.84±0.50; a low buffer capacity was found in 6.3% of the examined children. The ratio of carriers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and yeasts in saliva was 89.7, 73.9 and 47.7%, respectively. DMFT and DMFS values as well as mutans streptococci and candida counts were lower in the capital than in the other city. Statistically significant correlations were found between DMFT, DMFS mean values, and salivary microbiological counts.
A hardware implementation of real-time epileptic seizure detector on FPGA

A considerable portion of epilepsy cannot be well treated by today's available therapies. Brain stimulation with closed-loop seizure control was recently proposed. In our previous work, high accuracy of seizure controller (92-99% during wake-sleep states) using a microcontroller has been proposed and implemented to verify functionality of seizure detection and suppression on a freely moving rat. In this paper, the soft intellectual property (IP) of epileptic seizure detector in the implantable system on chip (SoC) for epileptic seizure control is proposed to achieve continuous real-time processing and low power consumption. All the essential macros for epileptic seizure detector are implemented and integrated in field programmable gate array (FPGA) to verify functionality and capability. The evaluation results of the prototype supported possible application of a portable and continuous real-time seizure control.
Identification of a spleen focus-forming virus in erythroleukemic mice infected with a wild-mouse ecotropic murine leukemia virus

An NFS/N mouse inoculated at birth with an ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) obtained from wild mice (Cas-Br-M MuLV) developed a lymphoma after 18 weeks. An extract prepared from the lymphomatous spleen was inoculated into newborn NFS/N mice, and these mice developed erythroleukemia within 9 weeks. Spleens from the erythroleukemic mice contained ecotropic and mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) MuLVs; however, when these viruses were biologically cloned and reinoculated into newborn NFS/N mice, no erythroleukemia was induced. In contrast, cell-free extracts prepared from the erythroleukemic spleens induced erythroleukemia within 5 weeks. Analysis of cell-free extracts prepared from the erythroleukemic spleens showed that they contained a viral species that induced splenomegaly and spleen focus formation in adult mice, with susceptibility controlled by alleles at the Fv-2 locus. The spleen focus-forming virus coded for a 50,000-dalton protein precipitated by antibodies specific to MCF virus gp70. RNA blot hybridization studies showed the genomic viral RNA to be 7.5 kilobases and to hybridize strongly to a xenotropic or MCF envelope-specific probe but not to hybridize with an ecotropic virus envelope-specific probe. The virus described here appears to be the fourth independent isolate of a MuLV with spleen focus-forming activity.
Effects of active immunization with newly modified GnRH peptides on spermatogenesis and production performance of Holstein bulls†

Abstract Immunocastration via vaccination against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is an effective alternative to surgical castration in livestock. In this study, male mice were immunized with eight GnRH peptide derivatives. Two, which exhibited highly significant effects in mice, and one which exhibited the least significant effects were selected for active immunization of 13-month-old bulls. The effects of these GnRH vaccines on sexual development and meat quality in bulls were evaluated by examining testis length, serum hormone and GnRH antibody concentrations, observation of sexual behavior and testicular tissue sections, and evaluation of meat quality indexes. The results indicated that anti-GnRH titers increased rapidly (P < 0.05) and serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone concentrations decreased sharply after booster immunization (P < 0.05), while testis volumes were lower (P < 0.01), testicular growth was arrested and spermatogenesis inhibited in group C GnRH-treated versus control bull groups. Meat quality was not significantly different in immunocastrates relative to bulls in the control group. Our collective results provide a scientific basis to further clarify the mechanisms underlying GnRH-mediated regulation of livestock reproduction, and contribute to the development of an efficient, safe, and reversible immune castration vaccine. Summary Sentence Studying active immunization against GnRH has been a focus for future research. However, the immunogenicity of GnRH monomeric derivatives were produced undesirable results. In this paper, we successfully developed a highly efficient animal castration vaccine.
Coccidiosis in Sheep

Coccidiosis is a problem of intensively-reared lambs, occurring primarily indoors where stocking densities are high but may also occur in lambs at pasture, where there is heavy contamination around feed troughs in creep areas during warm wet weather. Loss of gut absorptive capacity results in profuse diarrhoea. Morbidity is high but mortality, even in severe cases, is low. Convalescence is protracted in all cases resulting in lengthy delays to finishing and extra feeding costs.
Effects of Type of Extender and Storage Conditions on the Motility of Goat Spermatozoa

The objective of this study was to test the effect of four different diluents on the motility of goat semen stored at room and refrigerator temperatures. To achieve this objective, four West African dwarf bucks aged 10-12 months were ejaculated weekly for five weeks using the electro-ejaculator method. The ejaculated semen were extended using four diluents namely sodium citrate (T 1 ), sodium bicarbonate plus glucose (T 2 ), sodium citrate plus glycine (T3), and glucose plus glycine (T4). Two storage conditions namely refrigerator temperature (5oC) and room temperature (25oC) were used. The semen was evaluated for colour, volume and motility before extending them with the diluents. Subsequently, motility was monitored for four days. The results indicated that storage days and type of extender were highly significant (p<0.01) thoroughout the period. The highest motility was obtained during the first day of storage, thereafter, the motility declined drastically from day 2 to day 4. Sodium citrate preserved bucks semen better than the other extenders. This was followed by sodium bicarbonate plus glucose. Refrigerator temperature was significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) better than room temperature in the preservation of bucks sperm motility. The semen stored in sodium citrate under refrigerator temperature maintained the highest spermatozoa motility throughout the period compared with the other storage conditions. It was concluded that goat semen can be preserved for 24 h in sodium citrate under refrigerator temperature.
Interdependence of Cell Growth and Gene Expression: Origins and Consequences

Theory of Growth Control Although quantitative studies of growth in bacterial cultures have been made for over 50 years, the relationship between cell proliferation and gene expression has not been clear. Scott et al. (p. 1099; see the Perspective by Lerman and Palsson) have revealed that mass per cell exponentially increased with linear increases in growth rate and that ribosome abundance increased linearly with growth rate depending on the rate of translation. Hence, the systems properties of the biological processes involved in growth can be derived without any molecular understanding of their basis and can be used to establish fundamental properties for the design of biotechnological procedures. Simple mathematical models describe the relationship between bacterial replication, cellular resources, and protein expression. In bacteria, the rate of cell proliferation and the level of gene expression are intimately intertwined. Elucidating these relations is important both for understanding the physiological functions of endogenous genetic circuits and for designing robust synthetic systems. We describe a phenomenological study that reveals intrinsic constraints governing the allocation of resources toward protein synthesis and other aspects of cell growth. A theory incorporating these constraints can accurately predict how cell proliferation and gene expression affect one another, quantitatively accounting for the effect of translation-inhibiting antibiotics on gene expression and the effect of gratuitous protein expression on cell growth. The use of such empirical relations, analogous to phenomenological laws, may facilitate our understanding and manipulation of complex biological systems before underlying regulatory circuits are elucidated.
Leptin Is a Link between Adipose Tissue and Inflammation

Abstract: Leptin is a hormone of the pluripotent white adipose tissue and confers a multitude of regulatory functions within the organism. It controls the energy storage, lipoprotein metabolism, acute phase reactants, sex hormones and glucocorticoid metabolism, and immune function. In this review, we describe these multiple functions of leptin, the regulation of leptin expression, and how leptin can modulate the immune system via direct and indirect mechanisms. We show how leptin can be a link between the adipose tissue and inflammation.
Optimising physical activity engagement during youth sport: a self-determination theory approach

ABSTRACT Research suggests participation in youth sport does not guarantee physical activity (PA) guidelines are met. Studies indicate few children achieve recommended levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during their youth sport involvement, and habitual levels of MVPA are below the recommended 60 min per day. Informed by self-determination theory, this study examined whether the coach-created social environment and related player motivation predict variability in objectively measured MVPA within the youth sport setting. Seventy three male youth sport footballers (Mean age = 11.66 ± 1.62) completed a multisection questionnaire assessing their perceptions of the social environment created in youth sport (autonomy supportive and controlling) and motivation towards their football participation (autonomous and controlled). Intensity of PA during youth sport was measured using accelerometers (GT3X, ActiGraph). Results supported a model in which perceptions of autonomy support significantly and positively predicted autonomous motivation towards football, which in turn significantly and positively predicted youth sport MVPA (% time). A significant indirect effect was observed for perceptions of autonomy support on youth sport %MVPA via autonomous motivation. Results have implications for optimising MVPA engagement during youth sport and increasing daily MVPA towards recommended and health-enhancing levels on youth sport days.
Non-suicidal self-injury among female inmates in Oregon prisons

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as deliberate self-harm without the intent to die. NSSI has received increased attention in the past several years and has even been suggested for inclusion into future editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Selby, Bender, Gordon, & Nock, 2012). Little research has been focused specifically on NSSI in a prison setting (DeHart, Smith, & Kaminski, 2009), which is said to pose unique challenges to the correctional system (DeHart et al., 2009; Fagan, Cox, Helfand, & Auderheide, 2010). In this study, adult female inmates responded to a questionnaire regarding frequency, method, and reasons for engaging in NSSI behaviors. Scores on various Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) scales of inmates who engaged in NSSI behaviors were compared to scores of those inmates who did not engage in NSSI. Results did not indicate significant differences between the two groups. Implications of the findings are discussed. Degree Type Dissertation Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. Comments Library Use: LIH This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/436 Copyright and terms of use If you have downloaded this document directly from the web or from CommonKnowledge, see the “Rights” section on the previous page for the terms of use. If you have received this document through an interlibrary loan/document delivery service, the following terms of use apply: Copyright in this work is held by the author(s). You may download or print any portion of this document for personal use only, or for any use that is allowed by fair use (Title 17, §107 U.S.C.). Except for personal or fair use, you or your borrowing library may not reproduce, remix, republish, post, transmit, or distribute this document, or any portion thereof, without the permission of the copyright owner. [Note: If this document is licensed under a Creative Commons license (see “Rights” on the previous page) which allows broader usage rights, your use is governed by the terms of that license. ] Inquiries regarding further use of these materials should be addressed to: CommonKnowledge Rights, Pacific University Library, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, (503) 352-7209. Email inquiries may be directed to:. copyright@pacificu.edu This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/436 NON-SUICIDAL SELF-INJURY AMONG FEMALE INMATES IN OREGON PRISONS A DISSERTATION PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY PACIFIC UNIVERSITY HILLSBORO, OREGON BY ALISA NIEHUSER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY April 22, 2013 APPROVED BY THE COMMITTEE: Genevieve L. Y. Arnaut, Psy.D. , Ph.D. Michelle R. Guyton, Ph.D.
Resistance at mealtimes for persons with dementia.

BACKGROUND For persons unable to feed themselves, resistance to assistance with meals may result in increased morbidity and premature mortality because of inadequate nutritional intake. Additionally, unwillingness to accept food offered has social and ethical implications in all cultures and may influence caregiving. OBJECTIVE As part of a larger study, this analysis sought to determine if resistance or willingness to accept assistance at meals by persons with dementia could be predicted by various personal interaction and contextual factors. DESIGN Resistance was studied in a sample of 53 nursing home residents with late-stage dementia who were assisted at meals by CNAs. Using the EdFED-Q (Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Questionnaire), two groups of individuals who were being fed were identified: those who resisted assistance (n = 23) and those who accepted assistance (n = 30). Proportion of food consumed was determined by percentage of weight decrease in food offered. RESULTS Differences between the two groups were identified. Although not differing in degree of cognitive impairment as measured by the MMSE or Body Mass Index, significant differences (p < .05) were found in level of functioning as measured by the Global Deterioration Scale, the proportion of food consumed and amount of time taken to assist with the meal. Resistors showed significantly different interaction behaviors in 8 of the 10 on the Interaction Behavior Measure-Modified when correlated with food consumed (r = .49 - .68, p < .02). CONCLUSION When examining resistance to feeding a variety of factors must be examined, including the quality of the interaction between the caregiver and the person being fed.
The effect of backpack load on the gait of normal adolescent girls

Concerns regarding the effects of load carriage have led to recommendations that backpacks be limited to 10 – 15% of body weight, based on significant changes in physical performance. However, gait responses to backpack loads are not entirely consistent and there is a particular lack of data regarding load-bearing gait in adolescent females. Gait patterns of 22 normal adolescent girls were recorded at backpack loads of 0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0% body weight. Temporal-distance, ground reaction force and joint kinematic, moment and power parameters were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA with factors of backpack load and side (left or right). Walking speed and cadence decreased significantly with increasing backpack load, while double support time increased. Kinematic changes were most marked at the proximal joints, with a decreased pelvic motion but a significant increase in the hip sagittal plane motion. Increased moments and power at the hip, knee and ankle showed increasing demand with backpack load. Parameters showed different responses to increasing load, and those that suggested a critical load indicated this to be approximately 10% body weight. While this may be due to a change in gait due to increased demand, further work is required to verify this and also to examine the cumulative effects of backpack load on the musculoskeletal system, which may be more appropriate in determining recommended load limits.
Selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition has no effect on allergen challenge in asthma.

RATIONALE Exhaled breath nitric oxide (Fe(NO)) is increased in asthma. NO is produced predominantly by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). OBJECTIVES We evaluated the selective and potent iNOS inhibitor GW274150 in asthma. METHODS Twenty-eight steroid-naive patients with asthma participated in a double-blind, randomized, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, three-period cross-over study. Subjects received GW274150 (90 mg), montelukast (10 mg), or placebo once daily for 14 days. Fe(NO) was assessed predose on Days 1, 7, 10, and 14. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) challenge was performed on Day 10, allergen challenge on Day 14 followed by methacholine challenge (MCh) 24 hours later, and then bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS GW274150 reduced predose Fe(NO) by 73, 75, and 71% on Days 7, 10, and 14, respectively, compared with placebo. Montelukast did not reduce Fe(NO). GW274150 did not inhibit AMP reactivity whereas for montelukast there was a trend toward inhibition: the mean doubling dose difference versus placebo was 0.64 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0 to 1.28). GW274150 did not inhibit early (EAR) and late (LAR) asthmatic responses to allergen, or MCh reactivity, despite reduced Fe(NO) levels. Montelukast inhibited EAR and LAR FEV1; the mean difference versus placebo for minimal FEV1 was 0.37 L (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.55) and 0.18 L (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.32), respectively. MCh reactivity was inhibited by montelukast (mean doubling dose difference vs. placebo, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.02 to 1.01). GW271540 also had no effect on inflammatory cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after allergen challenge. CONCLUSIONS Selective iNOS inhibition effectively reduces Fe(NO) but does not affect airway hyperreactivity or airway inflammatory cell numbers after allergen challenge in subjects with asthma. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT00273013).
Isolation and biological activity of compounds from Garcinia preussii

Abstract Context: Plants of the genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) are traditionally used to relieve stomachaches, toothaches, and as a chew stick. Objective: In order to determine which compounds were responsible for these activities, a phytochemical investigation of the fruits and leaves of Garcinia preussii Engl. was pursued. Materials and methods: Plants were extracted by solvents of various polarities. Compounds isolation was then carried out using chromatography methods (medium- and high-pressure liquid chromatography, open column and thin-layer chromatography). The isolated compounds were identified and characterized by using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH•, ABTS•−, ALP, and ORAC assays. The antimicrobial activity was assayed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. The cytotoxic activity of most of the isolated compounds was evaluated on a small panel of human cancer cell lines (DU145, HeLa, HT-29, and A431) using the XTT method. Results: The phytochemical investigation of G. preussii led to the isolation of eight known compounds, six benzophenones and two flavonoids. These compounds were tested for their biological activities. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8 demonstrated a high free radical scavenging activity with ER50 ranging from 0.1 to 0.7. The antimicrobial activity was shown only against Gram-positive bacteria for 1, 4, and 5. A moderate cytotoxic activity with IC50 ranging from 7 to 50 µM was observed, except for 6 which was not active. Conclusion: These results appear to support some of the properties reported for Garcinia species.
A pilot evaluation of the safety and tolerability of repeat dose administration of long-acting injectable naltrexone (Vivitrex) in patients with alcohol dependence.

BACKGROUND : Oral naltrexone is currently used as part of a treatment regimen for alcohol-dependent patients, but its clinical utility is hampered by poor patient adherence. A long-acting injectable naltrexone formulation (Vivitrex) was designed to facilitate patient adherence by providing an extended duration of therapeutic naltrexone over 1 month, thereby eliminating the need for daily dosing. METHODS : A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted to evaluate the safety and tolerability of intramuscular repeat dose administration of this extended-release naltrexone formulation in DSM-IV alcohol-dependent patients. Thirty patients were randomized to treatment with injectable naltrexone (400 mg; n = 25) or a matching placebo injection (n = 5) and were dosed once every 28 days over 4 months. Psychosocial treatment was offered to patients in both treatment groups. Outcome measures related to drinking activity and trough plasma concentrations of naltrexone and its primary metabolite, 6-beta-naltrexol, were evaluated. RESULTS : Injectable naltrexone was generally safe and well tolerated. Reported adverse events were mild to moderate and resolved without intervention; only two patients discontinued due to adverse events. The most common adverse events (nausea and headache) occurred at a similar rate for patients in both treatment groups. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that therapeutic levels of naltrexone were delivered throughout the four 1-month treatment cycles. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this pilot study provide the basis and methods for a larger, more definitive trial to determine the utility of this long-acting injectable naltrexone formulation in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients.