Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The neuropathology of vascular disease in the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS).

BACKGROUND Vascular disease is associated with increased risk of dementia. Vascular health worsens with age. We investigated the relationship between self-reported vascular disease and brain pathology. METHODS Brain donations to the population-based MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (n=456, age range 66-103 years) were assessed using a standard protocol for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular pathology. History of stroke, angina, diabetes, medicated hypertension and heart attack were identified from self- and proxy-report interviews, retrospective informant interviews and death certificates. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between each health condition and dichotomised neuropathological variables adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS Stroke (36%), angina (23%), diabetes (12%), medicated hypertension (35%) and heart attack (22%) were frequently reported. Self-reported stroke was strongly associated with vascular, but not AD pathology. Medicated hypertension was associated with increased microinfarcts (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.3-3.7) and less severe neocortical tangles (OR=0.5, 95% CI=0.3-0.8) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (OR=0.5, 95% CI=0.3-0.8). Heart attack was associated with increased microinfarcts (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.2-3.9). CONCLUSIONS Vascular risk factors were not associated with an increased burden of AD pathology at death in old age. A positive association between indices of systemic cardiovascular health (treated hypertension and ischaemic heart disease) and cerebral microinfarcts emerged. The findings support the view that cerebral small vessel disease and cardiovascular disease are interrelated. Microinfarcts are emerging as an important correlate of age-related vascular cognitive impairment and the findings add weight to the argument for strategies to improve general cardiovascular health as a potential preventative strategy against cognitive decline in later life.
Radical Resection of 202 Pediatric Craniopharyngiomas with Special Reference to the Surgical Approaches and Hypothalamic Protection

Objective: The goal of this study was to disclose the appropriate surgical approaches to radically removing pediatric craniopharyngiomas with optimal hypothalamic protection. Methods: In 202 patients undergoing primary surgery from April 1997 to December 2002, eight approaches were used to remove craniopharyngiomas in the sellar region and the third ventricle. Among the eight approaches, the transcallosal-interseptal-interforniceal approach was used in 89 cases, the unilateral transfrontal interhemispheric approach in 68 cases, the pterional approach in 20 cases, and the other five approaches in 25 cases. Active preventive and therapeutic measurements of hypothalamic dysfunction were adopted pre- and postoperatively. Results: Of the 202 cases, 184 tumors were totally or nearly totally removed (91.1%); 89 cases were resected with the transcallosal-interseptal-interforniceal approach with a total and subtotal removal rate of 92.1%, and 68 cases were removed with the unilateral transfrontal interhemispheric approach with a total and subtotal removal rate of 95.6%. Two patients died (0.9%). The major postoperative complications included diabetes insipidus in 81.7% of the cases, permanent diabetes insipidus in 11.4%, electrolyte disorder in 74.8%, and seizures in 9.4%. The 5-year survival rate was 68.2%. Conclusions: Appropriate approaches with direct tumor exposure should be determined in order to remove the craniopharyngioma as much as possible, while at the same time carefully protecting the anteroinferolateral wall of the third ventricle (hypothalamus). Active measurements to manage blood sodium disorder and seizures could help to ensure the safety of the operation.
Teachers' beliefs about intelligence : An investigation into the beliefs of public primary school teachers in Australia and Norway

The present project is a comparative study of the beliefs about intelligence of public primary school teachers in Norway and Australia. The main aims were to investigate the nature of these beliefs, the extent to which they differed according to cultural context, and what the main influences on the teachers‟ beliefs about intelligence were. A mixed methods research design was employed. 27 teachers (21 in Norway and 6 in Australia) replied to an online survey, while 8 interviews were carried out in each country. While the teachers‟ beliefs about intelligence were quite similar across the two countries, results indicated a cultural influence on the manifestation of these beliefs, where responses to belief items varied to different extents in Norway and Australia, depending on the nature of the survey item or the interview question. Furthermore, it seemed teachers‟ beliefs were closely related to their individual, personal experiences; especially parental influence, childhood schooling experiences, and later work experiences. These results were discussed in relation to research concerning the nature of beliefs as well as educational context, in terms of the specific manifestation of egalitarianism in each country. Severe limitations to the online survey in terms of sample size meant the results can not be generalized beyond the present sample and contexts, and must rather be interpreted in terms of an exploration of the relationships between beliefs about intelligence and the influences by background experiences as well as present contextual factors. Suggestions for future research investigations are made.
No effect of 1 or 7 d of green tea extract ingestion on fat oxidation during exercise.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 1 and 7 d of green tea extract (GTE) ingestion on whole body fat oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise. METHODS Thirty-one men completed two exercise trials (60-min cycle, 50% Wmax). After the baseline trial (day 0), subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions involving a week supplementation of the following: 1) 7 d of placebo, 2) 6 d of placebo followed by 1 d of GTE (GTE1), and 3) 7 d of GTE ingestion (GTE7). The morning after the supplementation week, subjects consumed an additional supplement and completed a second exercise trial (day 8). V˙O2 and V˙CO2 measurements were taken during exercise to calculate whole body fat oxidation rates. Blood samples, for analysis of plasma fatty acids (FA), glycerol, and epigallocatechin gallate, were collected at rest and during exercise. RESULTS On day 8, the plasma kinetics and maximal plasma concentrations of epigallocatechin gallate were similar in the GTE1 and GTE7 group (206 ± 28 and 216 ± 25 ng·mL, respectively). One day of GTE ingestion did not affect markers of lipolysis during the exercise bout. Seven days of GTE ingestion significantly increased plasma glycerol during exercise (P = 0.045) and plasma FA during exercise (P = 0.020) as well as at rest (P = 0.046). However, fat oxidation did not change in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS There was no effect of 1 d of GTE ingestion on markers of lipolysis or fat oxidation during exercise. Seven days of GTE ingestion increased lipolysis, indicated by increased plasma FA and glycerol concentrations, but did not result in significant changes in fat oxidation.
Clinical and Genetic Risk Factors for Acute Pancreatitis in Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

PURPOSE Acute pancreatitis is one of the common causes of asparaginase intolerance. The mechanism is unknown, and genetic predisposition to asparaginase-induced pancreatitis has not been previously identified. METHODS To determine clinical risk factors for asparaginase-induced pancreatitis, we studied a cohort of 5,185 children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including 117 (2.3%) who were diagnosed with at least one episode of acute pancreatitis during therapy. A genome-wide association study was performed in the cohort and in an independent case-control group of 213 patients to identify genetic risk factors. RESULTS Risk factors associated with pancreatitis included genetically defined Native American ancestry (P < .001), older age (P < .001), and higher cumulative dose of asparaginase (P < .001). No common variants reached genome-wide significance in the genome-wide association study, but a rare nonsense variant rs199695765 in CPA2, encoding carboxypeptidase A2, was highly associated with pancreatitis (hazard ratio, 587; 95% CI, 66.8 to 5166; P = 9.0 × 10(-9)). A gene-level analysis showed an excess of additional CPA2 variants in patients who did versus those who did not develop pancreatitis (P = .001). Sixteen CPA2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated (P < .05) with pancreatitis, and 13 of 24 patients who carried at least one of these variants developed pancreatitis. Biologic functions that were overrepresented by common variants modestly associated with pancreatitis included purine metabolism and cytoskeleton regulation. CONCLUSION Older age, higher exposure to asparaginase, and higher Native American ancestry were independent risk factors for pancreatitis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Those who inherit a nonsense rare variant in the CPA2 gene had a markedly increased risk of asparaginase-induced pancreatitis.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Induces Cell Proliferation and Pancreatic-Duodenum Homeobox-1 Expression and Increases Endocrine Cell Mass in the Pancreas of Old, Glucose-Intolerant Rats.

Glucose homeostasis in mammals is maintained by insulin secretion from the β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Type 2 diabetes results either from primary β-cell failure alone and/or a failure to secrete enough insulin to overcome insulin resistance. Here, we show that continuous infusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36) (GLP-1; an insulinotropic agent), to young and old animals, had effects on the β-cell of the pancreas other than simply on the insulin secretory apparatus. Our previous studies on a rodent model of glucose intolerance, the aging Wistar rat, show that a plateau in islet size, insulin content, and β-cell mass is reached at 13 months, despite a continuing increase in body weight. Continuous sc infusion of GLP-1 (1.5 pm/kg·min), over 5 days, resulted in normal glucose tolerance. Our current results in both young and old rats demonstrate that treatment caused an up-regulation of pancreatic-duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1) expression in islets and total pancreas, induced pancreatic cell proliferat.
Protein kinase D exerts neuroprotective functions during oxidative stress via nuclear factor kappa B‐independent signaling pathways

Members of the protein kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine kinases are known to exert diverse roles in neuronal stress responses. Here, we show the transient activation and nuclear translocation of endogenous PKD upon oxidative stress induced by H2O2 treatment in primary neuronal cultures. Using pharmacological inhibition, we show that PKD activity protects neurons from oxidative stress‐induced cell death. Although members of the canonical nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF kappaB) pathway were phosphorylated upon H2O2 treatment, it was found that the neuronal response to oxidative stress is not executed through the nuclear translocation and activity of RelA. On the other hand, we demonstrate for the first time in neuronal cells, the association of green fluorescent protein‐tagged kinase inactive PKD1 with mitochondrial membranes in vivo and the presence of PKD activity in the close vicinity of mitochondria in vitro. Our findings thus support the notion that the neuroprotective role of PKD is exerted independently from NF kappaB signaling and suggest a potential mitochondrial function for PKD in cultured neurons.
Secondary Arthrodesis After Total Ankle Arthroplasty

Background: While it is thought that stresses through the subtalar and talonavicular joints will be decreased after total ankle replacement (TAR) relative to ankle fusion, progressive arthritis or deformity of these joints may require a fusion after a successful TAR. However, after ankle replacement, it is unknown how hindfoot biomechanics and blood supply may be affected. Consequently, subsequent hindfoot joint fusion may be adversely affected. Methods: We retrospectively identified a consecutive series of 1001 primary TARs performed between January 1998 and December 2014. We identified patients who underwent a secondary triple, subtalar or talonavicular arthrodesis to treat progressive arthritis or pes planus deformity. Clinical outcomes including pain and functional outcome scores, revision procedures, delayed union, nonunion, complications, and failure rates were recorded. Twenty-six patients (2.6%) required a subtalar (18), talonavicular (3), talonavicular and subtalar (3), or triple arthrodesis (2). Of these patients, 14 (54%) were males with an average age of 63.2 years and a mean 70.9 months follow-up. We then compared these patients to 13 patients who had a subtalar fusion after an ankle arthrodesis. Results: The most common type of fixation used was 2 variable-pitch screws across each joint. Fresh-frozen allograft cancellous chips were the most common supplement to the fusion construct (80.8%). The mean time between TAR and secondary fusion procedure was 37.5 months. Overall, 92.3% of the patients went on to fusion. Two patients (7.7%) had a delayed union and 2 patients had a nonunion (7.7%) and were considered operative failures. There were 3 repeat procedures related to the arthrodesis procedure: 1 conversion of a subtalar to a triple arthrodesis, 1 revision talonavicular fusion, and 1 revision subtalar fusion. The average time to weight bearing after arthrodesis was 8.7 weeks; the mean time to radiographic and clinical fusion was 26.5 weeks. There were no secondary complications associated with the arthrodesis. Pain and functional outcome scores improved significantly. There were no differences in the rates of subsequent fusions among implant choices, though the time to fusion in the mobile-bearing prosthesis was significantly longer than the 2 fixed-bearing prostheses. Compared with the data of 13 patients with prior ipsilateral ankle arthrodeses and subtalar fusions, patients who had an ankle replacement had a higher fusion rate (P = .03) and had a similar time to fusion. Conclusion: Hindfoot arthrodesis following a TAR was safe and effective in improving function and pain. Additionally, a hindfoot arthrodesis following a TAR had a higher fusion rate than a subtalar fusion following an ankle arthrodesis. Although the time to healing was relatively long, various hindfoot fusions were used to treat progressive arthritis and deformity with high fusion rates. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative case series.
Intravenous Administration of 99mTc-HMPAO-Labeled Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Stroke: In Vivo Imaging and Biodistribution

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are a promising source for cell therapy after stroke. To deliver these cells, an IV injection appears safer than a local graft. We aimed to assess the whole-body biodistribution of IV-injected 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled hMSC in normal rats (n = 9) and following a right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo, n = 9). Whole-body nuclear imaging, isolated organ counting (at 2 and 20 h after injection) and histology were performed. A higher activity was observed in the right damaged hemisphere of the MCAo group [6.5 ± 0.9 × 10−3 % of injected dose (ID)/g] than in the control group (3.6 ± 1.2 × 10−3 %ID/g), 20 h after injection. In MCAo rats, right hemisphere activity was higher than that observed in the contralateral hemisphere at 2 h after injection (11.6 ± 2.8 vs. 9.8 ± 1.7 × 10−3 %ID/g). Following an initial hMSC lung accumulation, there was a decrease in pulmonary activity from 2 to 20 h after injection in both groups. The spleen was the only organ in which activity increased between 2 and 20 h. The presence of hMSC was documented in the spleen, liver, lung, and brain following histology. IV-injected hMSC are transiently trapped in the lungs, can be sequestered in the spleen, and are predominantly eliminated by kidneys. After 20 h, more hMSC are found in the ischemic lesion than into the undamaged cerebral tissue. IV delivery of hMSC could be the initial route for a clinical trial of tolerance.
A new route to the evolution of cooperation

The Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) constitutes a widely used metaphor to investigate problems related to the evolution of cooperation. Whenever evolution takes place in well‐mixed populations engaged in single rounds of the PD, cooperators cannot resist invasion by defectors, a feature, which is somewhat alleviated whenever populations are spatially distributed. In both cases the populations are characterized by a homogeneous pattern of connectivity, in which every individual is equivalent, sharing the same number of neighbours. Recently, compelling evidence has been accumulated on the strong heterogeneous nature of the network of contacts between individuals in populations. Here we describe the networks of contacts in terms of graphs and show that heterogeneity provides a new mechanism for cooperation to survive. Specifically, we show that cooperators are capable of exploring the heterogeneity of the population structure to become evolutionary competitive. As a result, cooperation becomes the dominating trait in scale‐free networks of contacts in which the few highly connected individuals are directly inter‐connected, in this way contributing to self‐sustain cooperation.
THE DEVELOPING,PROTECTING AND PLANNING ENVISION OF LAKES IN WUHAN CITY

There are many rivers and lakes, special natural resources in Wuhan. After the paper points out there are the occupancy of the lakes,the pollution of lakes water and irrational usage's of the lakes during the evolving and developing of the lakes,and analyses the causes that affected the sustainable development of the lakes in Wuhan,the author has put forward the future planning envision of the lakes protecting and developing in Wuhan metropolis (particularly, in Wuhan city ) from three periods. The analyzed way expects to been studied when facing the similar problems in other cities.
The impact of coopetition-based open innovation on performance in nonprofit sports clubs

ABSTRACT Research question: This study conceptualizes and tests the impact of a coopetition-based open innovation approach on organizational performance of nonprofit sports clubs. In particular, it examines the effect of collaborations with competitors (i.e. coopetition) on the organizational performance of clubs via both use of outside knowledge and the adoption of new services, processes, and business models (i.e. organizational-level innovations). Research methods: A statewide online survey with 292 members of the board of directors of nonprofit sports clubs was conducted in Germany (Saarland). The survey used valid and reliable scales and considered self-reported financial stability and membership development as organizational performance indicators. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the mediation model. Results and findings: The proposed coopetition-based open innovation model has a good model fit. Engagement in coopetition has a positive effect on organizational performance via two sequential mediators: use of outside knowledge and innovation implementation. In addition, use of outside knowledge has a direct positive effect on organizational performance. Implications: Nonprofit sports clubs should take advantage of collaborations with competitors and exploit external knowledge to the best of their abilities. The adoption of new services, processes, and business models on the organizational level helps nonprofit sports clubs stay competitive in an increasingly contested sports services market. The study provides both theoretical and managerial implications that help sports clubs innovate and increase organizational performance.
Immunophenotypic Modulation of the Blast Cells in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Minimal Residual Disease Detection

Abstract Early clearance of leukemic cells during induction therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a basis for treatment optimization. Currently, the most widely used methods for the detection of minute residual malignant cells in the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood, minimal residual disease (MRD), are PCR and flow cytometry (FCM). Immunophenotypic modulation (IM) is a well known factor that can hamper the accurate FCM analysis. Aim: To report the IM detected by 8-color FCM during the BFM-type remission induction in 24 consecutive MRD-positive samples of children with B-cell precursor ALL and the possible implications for MRD detection. Patients and methods: Between 2010 and 2012 we prospectively followed up the MRD on days 15 and 33 of induction treatment in bone marrow (BM) samples and on day 8 in peripheral blood (PB). The IM was assessed by comparative analyses of the changes in the mean fluorescence intensity of 7 highly relevant antigens expressed by the leukemic cells and normal B-lymphocytes. Results: IM occurred, to different extents, in all analyzed day 15 BM and in most day 33 BM samples. Statistically significant changes in the MFI-levels of four CDs expressed by the leukemic blasts were observed: downmodulation of CD10, CD19 and CD34 and upmodulation of CD20. No changes in the expression of CD38, CD58 and CD45 were noticed. Conclusions: Measuring the MRD by standardized 8-color flow cytometry helps improve the monitoring of the disease, leading to better therapeutic results. However, the IM of the different antigens expressed by the leukemic blasts should be taken into consideration and cautiously analyzed.
Enhanced expression of DNA polymerase eta contributes to cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer stem cells

Significance Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit enhanced chemo/radiotherapy resistance, and their survival following cancer treatment is believed to be responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms through which CSCs survive conventional chemotherapy is essential for identification of new therapeutic strategies to prevent tumor relapse. Our findings that ovarian CSCs survive cisplatin treatment through elevated expression of polymerase η represent an opportunity to eradicate CSCs and improve the survival of ovarian cancer patients. In addition, identification of miR-93 as the regulator of polymerase η expression provides a target to increase the efficacy of cisplatin treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with enhanced tumorigenicity and chemoresistance are believed to be responsible for treatment failure and tumor relapse in ovarian cancer patients. However, it is still unclear how CSCs survive DNA-damaging agent treatment. Here, we report an elevated expression of DNA polymerase η (Pol η) in ovarian CSCs isolated from both ovarian cancer cell lines and primary tumors, indicating that CSCs may have intrinsically enhanced translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Down-regulation of Pol η blocked cisplatin-induced CSC enrichment both in vitro and in vivo through the enhancement of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in CSCs, indicating that Pol η-mediated TLS contributes to the survival of CSCs upon cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, our data demonstrated a depletion of miR-93 in ovarian CSCs. Enforced expression of miR-93 in ovarian CSCs reduced Pol η expression and increased their sensitivity to cisplatin. Taken together, our data suggest that ovarian CSCs have intrinsically enhanced Pol η-mediated TLS, allowing CSCs to survive cisplatin treatment, leading to tumor relapse. Targeting Pol η, probably through enhancement of miR-93 expression, might be exploited as a strategy to increase the efficacy of cisplatin treatment.