Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochemical diversity in first rocks examined by the Curiosity Rover in Gale Crater: Evidence for and significance of an alkali and volatile‐rich igneous source

The first four rocks examined by the Mars Science Laboratory Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer indicate that Curiosity landed in a lithologically diverse region of Mars. These rocks, collectively dubbed the Bradbury assemblage, were studied along an eastward traverse (sols 46–102). Compositions range from Na‐ and Al‐rich mugearite Jake_Matijevic to Fe‐, Mg‐, and Zn‐rich alkali‐rich basalt/hawaiite Bathurst_Inlet and span nearly the entire range in FeO* and MnO of the data sets from previous Martian missions and Martian meteorites. The Bradbury assemblage is also enriched in K and moderately volatile metals (Zn and Ge). These elements do not correlate with Cl or S, suggesting that they are associated with the rocks themselves and not with salt‐rich coatings. Three out of the four Bradbury rocks plot along a line in elemental variation diagrams, suggesting mixing between Al‐rich and Fe‐rich components. ChemCam analyses give insight to their degree of chemical heterogeneity and grain size. Variations in trace elements detected by ChemCam suggest chemical weathering (Li) and concentration in mineral phases (e.g., Rb and Sr in feldspars). We interpret the Bradbury assemblage to be broadly volcanic and/or volcaniclastic, derived either from near the Gale crater rim and transported by the Peace Vallis fan network, or from a local volcanic source within Gale Crater. High Fe and Fe/Mn in Et_Then likely reflect secondary precipitation of Fe3+ oxides as a cement or rind. The K‐rich signature of the Bradbury assemblage, if igneous in origin, may have formed by small degrees of partial melting of metasomatized mantle.
The influence of phase mask position upon EDoF system

Special types of pupil mask with the appropriate phase and transmission distribution can be used to modify the 3D pointspread function (PSF) in the desired way. Recently, many studies were addressed to extend the depth-of-field (EDoF) of an imaging system via cubic phase pupil engineering. The intermediate image is detected with a digital sensor and the final image formation is restored by post-process algorithms with the help of knowledge of the pupil mask. The EDoF system is operated based on an assumption that the phase mask should be positioned exactly in the pupil of the optical system. Unfortunately, in most practical cases, the exit pupil is not always available due to the complex layout of a compound lens set and results in a limited practical benefit of this type of arrangement. In this paper, we present the influence of the phase mask position upon PSF of an extended depth-of-field system. The characterizations of EDoF in different viewing angles are dissimilar if the phase mask is not placed in the perfect pupil plane. Such properties should be taken into consideration while designing an EDoF system. Finally, we will propose some potential candidate lenses made to alleviate such difficulty.
Epidemiology of Orofacial Clefts in the East of Ireland in the 25-Year Period 1984–2008

Objective To describe the epidemiology of orofacial clefts in the east of Ireland. Design and Setting A descriptive epidemiologic study on 851 cases of orofacial cleft identified over a 25-year period from 1984 to 2008 from more than 500,000 births. Results There were 438 (51.5%) cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and 413 (48.5%) cases of cleft palate. The total birth prevalence was 16.0 per 10,000 births for all orofacial clefts, 8.2 for cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and 7.8 for cleft palate. Of all cases, 63.7% (542/851) occurred as isolated anomalies, 21.5% (183/851) were associated with multiple anomalies, and 14.8% (126/851) were associated with a syndrome or chromosomal anomaly. A significantly increasing trend over the 25-year period was observed for cleft lip with or without cleft palate associated with syndromes or chromosomal anomalies among mothers younger than 35 years but not in those older than 35 years. Conclusion A slightly higher rate of orofacial clefts was observed in the east of Ireland than was observed in European and multinational studies during the study period, and there were higher rates of cleft palate. The rising trend in the proportion of mothers aged 35 years or older in Ireland is not contributing significantly to orofacial clefts associated with chromosomal syndromes.
Frequent pathologic complete responses in aggressive stages II to III breast cancers with every-4-week carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel with or without trastuzumab: a Brown University Oncology Group Study.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel +/- weekly trastuzumab in resectable and locally advanced breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women with stages IIA to IIIB disease received carboplatin dosed by six times the area under the curve every 4 weeks and paclitaxel 80 mg/m(2) weekly for 16 weeks, and weekly trastuzumab was added for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive status. The primary end point was the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, defined as the absence of invasive disease in the breast and axillary nodes. Postoperative therapies were at the discretion of the treating physicians. RESULTS Fifty-five patients were enrolled, and of these 43 had resectable disease. The median age was 54 years (range, 31 to 74 years). Treatment was well tolerated; there were no episodes of febrile neutropenia or grade 4 thrombocytopenia, and there were only two instances of grade 3 peripheral neuropathy. Overall, the pCR rate was 45%. The pCR rate was 43% (95% CI, 28% to 58%) in patients with resectable disease. Higher pCR rates occurred in patients with HER2-positive tumors (76% v 31% for HER2-negative tumors; P = .003), with estrogen receptor (ER) -negative tumors (75% v 27% for ER-positive tumors; P = .001), or with triple-negative tumors (67% v 12% ER-positive and HER2-negative tumors; P = .002). At a median of 28 months postoperation, recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 88.7%. If patients with ER-positive and HER2-negative tumors are excluded from analysis, patients who achieved a pCR were less likely to experience disease recurrence (RFS, 86%) than those who did not achieve a pCR (RFS, 75%). CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel +/- trastuzumab achieve high pCR rates in patients with HER2-positive and triple-negative disease without exposure to an anthracycline. Preliminary RFS results are encouraging but are likely influenced by adjuvant therapy received. Additional study of this regimen in high-risk patients is warranted.
A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing the Interference Screw and Suture Anchor Techniques for Biceps Tenodesis

Background: Several methods are used to perform biceps tenodesis in patients with superior labrum-biceps complex (SLBC) lesions accompanied by a rotator cuff tear. However, limited clinical data are available regarding the best technique in terms of clinical and anatomic outcomes. Purpose: To compare the clinical and anatomic outcomes of the interference screw (IS) and suture anchor (SA) fixation techniques for biceps tenodesis performed along with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 80 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with SLBC lesions were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided according to the tenodesis method: the IS and SA groups. Functional outcomes were evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Constant score, Korean Shoulder Score (KSS), and long head of the biceps (LHB) score at least 2 years after surgery. The anatomic status of tenodesis was estimated using magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography, and the anatomic failure of tenodesis was determined when the biceps tendon was not traced in the intertubercular groove directly from the insertion site of the IS or SA. Results: Thirty-three patients in the IS group and 34 in the SA group were monitored for more than 2 years. All postoperative functional scores improved significantly compared with the preoperative scores (all P < .001) and were not significantly different between the groups, including the LHB score (all P > .05). Nine anatomic failures of tenodesis were observed: 7 in the IS group and 2 in the SA group (P = .083). In a multivariate analysis using logistic regression, IS fixation (P = .003) and a higher (ie, more physically demanding) work level (P = .022) were factors associated with the anatomic failure of tenodesis significantly. In patients with tenodesis failure, the LHB score (P = .049) and the degree of Popeye deformity by the patient and examiner (P = .004 and .018, respectively) were statistically different compared with patients with intact tenodeses. Conclusion: Care must be taken while performing biceps tenodesis in patients with a higher work level; IS fixation appears to pose a higher risk in terms of the anatomic failure of tenodesis than SA fixation, although functional outcomes were not different.
An unusual CsrA family member operates in series with RsmA to amplify posttranscriptional responses in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Members of the CsrA family of prokaryotic mRNA-binding proteins alter the translation and/or stability of transcripts needed for numerous global physiological processes. The previously described CsrA family member in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (RsmA) plays a central role in determining infection modality by reciprocally regulating processes associated with acute (type III secretion and motility) and chronic (type VI secretion and biofilm formation) infection. Here we describe a second, structurally distinct RsmA homolog in P. aeruginosa (RsmF) that has an overlapping yet unique regulatory role. RsmF deviates from the canonical 5 β-strand and carboxyl-terminal α-helix topology of all other CsrA proteins by having the α-helix internally positioned. Despite striking changes in topology, RsmF adopts a tertiary structure similar to other CsrA family members and binds a subset of RsmA mRNA targets, suggesting that RsmF activity is mediated through a conserved mechanism of RNA recognition. Whereas deletion of rsmF alone had little effect on RsmA-regulated processes, strains lacking both rsmA and rsmF exhibited enhanced RsmA phenotypes for markers of both type III and type VI secretion systems. In addition, simultaneous deletion of rsmA and rsmF resulted in superior biofilm formation relative to the wild-type or rsmA strains. We show that RsmF translation is derepressed in an rsmA mutant and demonstrate that RsmA specifically binds to rsmF mRNA in vitro, creating a global hierarchical regulatory cascade that operates at the posttranscriptional level.
Key Derivation with Physical Unclonable Functions

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) evaluate manufacturing variations to derive unique secret keys from integrated circuits. Error correction is needed for generating reliable keys. Two schemes are introduced, i.e. Systematic Low Leakage Coding without secrecy leakage and Differential Sequence Coding, which stores pointers to reliable PUF bits in a compressed form. The work analyzes the efficiency and security of both schemes with methods from information theory and by practical implementations.
Clinically relevant interpretation of genotype for resistance to abacavir

Objective: To develop a stepwise methodology for the development and validation of clinically relevant genotypic score for resistance to antiretroviral drugs and to apply this approach to the genotypic resistance to abacavir. Methods: All patients having received abacavir during the Narval trial were included in this study. The impact of each nucleoside analogue resistance mutation on the virologic response to abacavir was studied in a univariate analysis. Mutations with a P value < 0.20 and those selected by abacavir were retained. According to the number of mutations three levels of resistance were defined. A multivariate analysis accounting for confonding variables assessed whether the genotypic score was an independent predictor of the response. The robustness of the score was analysed using the bootstrap resampling method. Results: In the 175 patients exposed to abacavir, the strongest association between the decrease in viral load and the number of mutations was observed with a set of six mutations at codons 41, 67, 210, 215, 74 and 184 of the reverse transcriptase gene. In patients with fewer than four mutations (no evidence of resistance) the median decrease in viral load was –1.64 log10 copies/ml while it was –0.69 log10 and –0.19 log10 in those with four (possible resistance) and five or six (resistance) mutations respectively. In the multivariate analysis this score was an independent predictor of the response. The bootstrap analysis showed the robustness of the score. Conclusions: We developed a new strategy for the analysis of correlation between genotype profile at baseline and virologic response.
Opportunistic pulmonary infections with fludarabine in previously treated patients with low‐grade lymphoid malignancies: A role for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis

The high incidence of opportunistic pulmonary infections in fludarabine‐treated patients at Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) and in the literature are described. A CancerLlt search of fludarabine from June 1983‐April 1994 with subsequent cross referencing and a retrospective review of all patients receiving fludarabine at WRAMC was performed. A total of 2,269 patients with low‐grade lymphoid malignancies who received 7,547 + cycles of fludarabine were identified from the literature. Seventy‐three (3.2%) of these patients developed opportunistic infections. Seventy‐one (97%) of these infections occurred in patients who were pretreated with alkylator regimens or corticosteroids. Forty‐five (2%) of these were of respiratory origin and associated with a 56% mortality rate. In contrast, 6 of the 21 patients (29%) treated with fludarabine at WRAMC developed opportunistic pulmonary infections which included three Pneumocystis carinii (PCP), one PCP/disseminated Candidiasis, one Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, and one Aspergillus niger pneumonia. These infections developed during and after treatment with fludarabine in alkylator‐resistant patients who had received corticosteroids before (n = 6), during (n = 1), or after (n = 4) fludarabine therapy. Lack of PCP prophylaxis was the only significant (P = .018) variable that differentiated patients who developed opportunistic pulmonary infections. Corticosteroid treatment before, during, or after fludarabine treatment in patients with alkylator‐resistant, low‐grade lymphoid malignancies who have not received PCP prophylaxis is associated with an increased risk of opportunistic pulmonary infections. Aggressive work‐up of pulmonary syndromes and PCP prophylaxis in these patients should be considered during and after treatment with fludarabine. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the Orbit

Purpose To report the clinicopathologic features of a 17-year-old patient with primary Ewing sarcoma of the orbit. Methods The patient was evaluated clinically before surgery with computed tomography scans of the orbit. After surgery, the patient was staged with computed tomography scans and bone scan and was treated with systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy to the orbit. The orbital biopsy was evaluated with conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Results Clinical evaluation revealed proptosis and limited upgaze. Computed tomography scans disclosed a mass involving the superior orbit, anterior cranial fossa, and temporal fossa. Microscopic examination revealed small, poorly differentiated cells with medium-sized nuclei containing finely granular chromatin and small nucleoli. The cytoplasmic borders of the cells were indistinct. A PAS stain revealed modest glycogen in many of the tumor cells. The tumor stained positive for O-13 and vimentin and was negative for neural, skeletal, and lymphoid cell markers. Computed tomography scan, bone scan, and blood chemistries revealed no other site of involvement. After treatment, the clinical symptoms and signs resolved, and there has been no evidence of residual orbital tumor or metastasis. Conclusions Primary Ewing sarcoma of the orbit should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children or young adults with proptosis, diplopia, or periorbital swelling. Immunohistochemistry is essential to distinguish Ewing sarcoma from other small round cell tumors.
Effect of valsartan on insulin resistance in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of valsartan on insulin resistance in patients with hypertension. Methods: We searched the electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE and The Chorance Library, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of valsartan and the other antihypertensive drugs on insulin resistance in patients with hypertension. We carried out statistical analyses using RevMan version 5.3 and used the Cochrane bias risk evaluation tools to assess the risk of bias. Results: A total of eight studies involving 935 subjects were included in the present meta-analysis. The results showed that compared with other antihypertensive drugs, valsartan possessed a slight but non-significant trend to reduce the level of HOMA-IR [WMD=-0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.84, -0.01 (P=0.05)], glycated hemoglobin [WMD=-0.06; 95% CI: -0.27, 0.14; (P=0.55)] and fasting plasma glucose [WMD=-0.11; 95% CI: -0.27, 0.05; (P=0.18)]. However, valsartan was found to be more effective at reducing the insulin level [WMD=-1.15; 95% CI -2.00, -0.31]. In addition, systolic blood pressure [WMD=-4.09; 95% CI: -8.83, 0.66], but not diastolic blood pressure [WMD=-2.41; 95% CI: -3.53, -1.30], was significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis suggested that valsartan showed a tendency to be superior to other antihypertensive drugs in the improvement of insulin resistance, but the difference was not statistically significant. More large-scale studies with longer follow-up durations are warranted to confirm this effect.
Relationships Between Job Skills and Performance: A Study of Webmasters

The main purpose of this study is to determine the mix of organizational and technical skills demanded of Webmasters, and the degree to which those skills influence job performance. The study is composed of two parts. First, a job-content analysis of 800 Webmaster positions is conducted in order to determine the mix of skills demanded of Webmasters by employers. Second, a survey of 232 Webmasters is conducted to test the relationships between those skills and job performance. The job-content analysis suggested that employers seek technical skills over organizational skills, and, in contrast, the survey results showed that Webmasters regard organizational skills as more important in performing their jobs. Structured equation modeling on the survey data showed that deficiency in both technical and organizational skills leads to lower job performance. Moreover, the effect of organizational skill deficiencies on job performance was found to be larger than that of technical skill deficiencies. For researchers, the establishment of an empirical link between job skills and job performance opens the field to further research in the skills of information systems personnel. For employers, the results suggest more attention should be paid to attracting organizational skills when recruiting information systems personnel, such as Webmasters.
Transition Metal-Modified Zirconium Phosphate Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Zirconium phosphate (ZrP), an inorganic layered nanomaterial, is currently being investigated as a catalyst support for transition metal-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Two metal-modified ZrP catalyst systems were synthesized: metal-intercalated ZrP and metal-adsorbed ZrP, each involving Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) cations. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the composite materials and confirm the incorporation of the metal cations either between the layers or on the surface of ZrP. Both types of metal-modified systems were examined for their catalytic activity for the OER in 0.1 M KOH solution. All metal-modified ZrP systems were active for the OER. Trends in activity are discussed as a function of the molar ratio in relation to the two types of catalyst systems, resulting in overpotentials for metal-adsorbed ZrP catalysts that were less than, or equal to, their metal-intercalated counterparts.
Palmitic acid increase levels of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 and p38/stress-activated protein kinase in islets from rats maintained on a low protein diet

A severe reduction in insulin release in response to glucose is consistently noticed in protein-deprived rats and is attributed partly to the chronic exposure to elevated levels of NEFA. Since the pancreatic and duodenal transcription factor homeobox 1 (PDX-1) is important for the maintenance of β-cell physiology, and since PDX-1 expression is altered in the islets of rats fed a low protein (LP) diet and that rats show high NEFA levels, we assessed PDX-1 and insulin mRNA expression, as well as PDX-1 and p38/stress activated protein kinase 2 (SAPK2) protein expression, in islets from young rats fed low (6 %) or normal (17 %; control) protein diets and maintained for 48 h in culture medium containing 5·6 mmol/l glucose, with or without 0·6 mmol/l palmitic acid. We also measured glucose-induced insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. Insulin secretion by isolated islets in response to 16·7 mmol/l glucose was reduced in LP compared with control rats. In the presence of NEFA, there was an increase in insulin secretion in both groups. At 2·8 mmol/l glucose, the metabolism of this sugar was reduced in LP islets, regardless of the presence of this fatty acid. However, when challenged with 16·7 mmol/l glucose, LP and control islets showed a severe reduction in glucose oxidation in the presence of NEFA. The PDX-1 and insulin mRNA were significantly higher when NEFA was added to the culture medium in both groups of islets. The effect of palmitic acid on PDX-1 and p38/SAPK2 protein levels was similar in LP and control islets, but the increase was much more evident in LP islets. These results demonstrate the complex interrelationship between nutrients in the control of insulin release and support the view that fatty acids play an important role in glucose homeostasis by affecting molecular mechanisms and stimulus/secretion coupling pathways.
Quantum Lorentz Group Having Gauss Decomposition Property

A new deformation of SL(2,C) (considered as a real Lie group) is constructed and shown to have a Gauss type decomposition. The groups entering this decomposition are identified as Eμ(2) and its Pontryagin dual Eμ(2). The whole group is the double group built over Eμ(2).