Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential classroom interactions by ethnicity

Abstract Concerns regarding differentials in classroom experience and academic attainment by ethnicity have been expressed for some time. This study explores, from a quantitative viewpoint based on fieldwork in 10 |ctLondon schools, one particular aspect of this, namely classroom interactions between teachers and pupils from different ethnic origins. It was found that African Caribbean children were interacting with teachers at a greater rate than other children, mostly for disciplinary and administrative purposes, and to a much lesser extent for teaching purposes. Asian children, conversely, were interacting less with the teacher overall, but relatively highly for teaching purposes. Whilst these patterns were broadly consistent across schools, rates of interaction varied considerably from school to school. In respect of differential classroom interactions, better equality of opportunities is more likely to be achieved as a result of whole school processes than if it is targeted directly.
Different Facets of Body Image Disturbance in Binge Eating Disorder: A Review

The goal of the present review is to give an overview of the current findings on various facets of body image disturbance in Binge Eating Disorder such as body dissatisfaction, overconcern with weight and shape, body-related checking and avoidance behavior, misperception of body size, and body-related cognitive bias. In addition, treatments for a disturbed body image in BED and evidence of body image disturbance in youth with binge eating are reviewed. The results show that a disturbed body image in BED is present in the form of overconcern with weight and shape. Furthermore, there are hints that body dissatisfaction, as well as body-related checking and avoidance behavior, are also impaired. Research concerning misperception of body size in BED has been neglected so far, but first findings show that individuals with BED rate their own body shape rather accurately. Furthermore, there are first hints that body-related cognitive biases are present in individuals with BED. Moreover, in children and adolescents, there are first hints that body dissatisfaction, as well as shape and weight concerns, seem to be associated with loss of control and binge eating. Treatments aimed directly at the convertibility of a disturbed body image in BED have revealed encouraging outcomes. In conclusion, body image disturbance seems to occur in BED, and first studies show that it can be treated effectively.
Spectrally resolved helium absorption from the extended atmosphere of a warm Neptune-mass exoplanet

Helium escaping from hot gas giants Many gas giant exoplanets orbit so close to their host star that they are heated to high temperatures, causing atmospheric gases to escape. Gas giant atmospheres are mostly hydrogen and helium, which are difficult to observe. Two papers have now observed escaping helium in the near-infrared (see the Perspective by Brogi). Allart et al. observed helium in a Neptune-mass exoplanet and performed detailed simulations of its atmosphere, which put constraints on the escape rate. Nortmann et al. found that helium is escaping a Saturn-mass planet, trailing behind it in its orbit. They combined this with observations of several other exoplanets to show that atmospheres are being lost more quickly by exoplanets that are more strongly heated. Science, this issue p. 1384, p. 1388; see also p. 1360 Helium is observed in the atmosphere of a warm Neptune-mass exoplanet, constraining the atmospheric loss rate. Stellar heating causes atmospheres of close-in exoplanets to expand and escape. These extended atmospheres are difficult to observe because their main spectral signature—neutral hydrogen at ultraviolet wavelengths—is strongly absorbed by interstellar medium. We report the detection of the near-infrared triplet of neutral helium in the transiting warm Neptune-mass exoplanet HAT-P-11b by using ground-based, high-resolution observations. The helium feature is repeatable over two independent transits, with an average absorption depth of 1.08 ± 0.05%. Interpreting absorption spectra with three-dimensional simulations of the planet’s upper atmosphere suggests that it extends beyond 5 planetary radii, with a large-scale height and a helium mass loss rate of ≲3 × 105 grams per second. A net blue-shift of the absorption might be explained by high-altitude winds flowing at 3 kilometers per second from day to night-side.
Role of Intra Articular Steroid Injection In Early Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder.

Adhesive capsulitis is a chronic disabling condition common in orthopaedic practise affecting 2-5% of the general population. The ideal treatment protocol for idiopathic adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder of the shoulder remains controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the role of intra articular corticosteroids steroid in treatment of adhesive capsulitis. All the patients presenting to us with stage 1 and stage 2 idiopathic adhesive capsulitis were included in the study. A total of 113 patients were enrolled, eight patients failed to complete the study and excluded leaving 105 patients in the study group. Twenty Seven patients with stage 1 and seventy eight with stage 2 comprised our study group. The mean age was 54 years (range: 33 to 81). Sixty-six patients were females and thirty nine were males.Early and prompt recognition of adhesive capsulitis (Stage I and Stage II) and treatment with intra articular corticosteroid may provide a chemical ablation of synovitis, thus limiting the subsequent development of fibrosis and shortening the natural history of the disease. We propose early administration of intra articular steroid in patients that permits rehabilitation and achieve good
Evaluation of pain relief and satisfaction in women using epidural analgesia in labour

Background: Pain during childbirth is the most severe pain women may experience in their lifetime. Epidural analgesia is an effective form of pain relief during labour.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at Omega Hospital, Nagpur in 50 women in labour who demanded epidural analgesia for pain relief. It was carried out to determine extent of pain relief and overall satisfaction in women using epidural analgesia.Results: In present study, out of 50, 28 (56%) patients delivered by normal vaginal delivery, 14 (28%) patients delivered by cesarean section, 8 (16%) patients had vacuum delivery while in no patient forceps were applied. In first stage,36 (72%) patients had zero score (no pain), 13 (26%) patients had 1-3 score (mild pain) while 1 (2%) patient had 4-6 score (moderate pain) after epidural analgesia. That means epidural analgesia had very good effect in first stage in terms of pain scoring. In second stage, 13 (26%) patients had zero score (no pain), 31 (62%) had 1-3 score (mild pain) while 6 (12%) had 4-6 score (moderate pain) after epidural analgesia. That means epidural analgesia had good effect in second stage in terms of pain scoring. In terms of satisfaction, 11 (22%) patients said it was excellent, 27 (54%) patients said it was good, 8 (16%) patients said it was average while 4 (8%) said it was poor. Apgar score for all babies at 1 min and 5 min was very good. It was ≥7 in all 50 (100%) of newborn babies.Conclusions: Epidural labor analgesia gives significantly less pain scores and has better maternal satisfaction. It is not associated with increased rate of instrumental vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery. Patients had excellent neonatal outcome.
CLASH-VLT: The mass, velocity-anisotropy, and pseudo-phase-space density profiles of the z = 0.44 galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847

Aims. We constrain the mass, velocity-anisotropy, and pseudo-phase-space density profiles of the z = 0.44 CLASH cluster MACS J1206.2-0847, using the projected phase-space distribution of cluster galaxies in combination with gravitational lensing.Methods. We use an unprecedented data-set of ≃600 redshifts for cluster members, obtained as part of a VLT/VIMOS large program, to constrain the cluster mass profile over the radial range ~0–5 Mpc (0–2.5 virial radii) using the MAMPOSSt and Caustic methods. We then add external constraints from our previous gravitational lensing analysis. We invert the Jeans equation to obtain the velocity-anisotropy profiles of cluster members. With the mass-density and velocity-anisotropy profiles we then obtain the first determination of a cluster pseudo-phase-space density profile.Results. The kinematics and lensing determinations of the cluster mass profile are in excellent agreement. This is very well fitted by a NFW model with mass M200 = (1.4 ± 0.2) × 1015 M⊙ and concentration c200 = 6 ± 1, only slightly higher than theoretical expectations. Other mass profile models also provide acceptable fits to our data, of (slightly) lower (Burkert, Hernquist, and Softened Isothermal Sphere) or comparable (Einasto) quality than NFW. The velocity anisotropy profiles of the passive and star-forming cluster members are similar, close to isotropic near the center and increasingly radial outside. Passive cluster members follow extremely well the theoretical expectations for the pseudo-phase-space density profile and the relation between the slope of the mass-density profile and the velocity anisotropy. Star-forming cluster members show marginal deviations from theoretical expectations.Conclusions. This is the most accurate determination of a cluster mass profile out to a radius of 5 Mpc, and the only determination of the velocity-anisotropy and pseudo-phase-space density profiles of both passive and star-forming galaxies for an individual cluster. These profiles provide constraints on the dynamical history of the cluster and its galaxies. Prospects for extending this analysis to a larger cluster sample are discussed.
Role of Ants in Pest Management

Ants, with an estimated world population of 1015 adults (188), are most abundant in the tropics where in rain forests they may represent between one third and half of the insect biomass (32). About two hundred species of ants have been recorded in one locality in Papua New Guinea (187), and they also retain rich diversity in some tropical crops (76, 134). In general, ants are less common, with fewer species, outside the tropics (120, 187), but they may still be ecologically important, as in a European grassland where about 140 workers per m2 consumed approximately 200 times their biomass annually (71). They are usually least common and diverse in disturbed arable habitats (120). In view of their abundance, their stability as populations, and their feeding habits, ants have a major influence in many habitats (17,30,45,59,63, 118, 127, 188). As predators of pests, they may be useful in pest management, but such positive attributes must be weighed against possible disadvantages. Besides acting as biological-control agents, some ants are important in pollination, soil improvement, and nutrient cycling (45). In contrast, some feed on or disturb plants and may act as vectors of plant diseases, benefit
Constructing representations of braid groups

Much work has been devoted to the study of the linear representations of the braid groups, a subject which appears to be both rich and of interest for its applications to knot theory and statistical mechanics. Of central interest is the Jones representation [6] and the work of [8] gives a homological construction for the summands in this representation which have two rows. In this paper we shall give a construction which is related to, but more general than that offered by Lawrence. Our approach has some advantages. For example, one fundamental question is whether such a representation can be chosen to be faithful and the representation is constructed in a way that is sufficiently geometric that it affords some insight into the faithfulness questions in the spirit of [10]. Another advantage is that calculations become rather routine. One further consequence of the method is that it yrill produce representations with many parameters. The central idea has two main ingredients, the first being a generalisation of the classical Magnus construction and the second, which also lies at the heart of [8] is iterative. These combine to give a method for constructing new representations from old in a rather nontrivial way. The first result is the following. Recall that we have a natural description of Bn as a subgroup of Aut(Fn)', so that we have a canonical way of forming a split extension Fn xi Bn. The theorem uses this split extension to produce a representation:
Dental microevolution in Portuguese Neolithic and modern samples using an alternative morphometric analysis

Most studies of dental microevolution have used the standard methodologies employed in dental anthropology: buccolingual/mesiodistal lengths and the frequencies of non-metric dental traits. In this work we use the occlusal polygon method which is based on a polygon created by linking the four molar cusp apices using digital analysis. This method has been used to identify different evolu- tionary trends in Neandertal and modern humans; our objective was to assess the existence of changes in the occlusal polygon area, and thus the general morphology of first upper molars, between two Por- tuguese samples from the Late Neolithic (4130 ± 90 BP) and the early 20th century. This method al- lows us to evaluate both tooth size and relative cusp position in the occlusal plane. Contrary to the ac- centuated tooth size reduction commonly found from the past 10000 years using buccolingual/ mesiodistal measurements, no statistically significant change of the total occlusal area of the crown was observed between these samples. Nevertheless, we report an increase of 7.45% in the size of the occlusal polygon and hence 9.38% in its relative area, from 27.30% of the total crown area to 30.30% over this time span. This result implies that microevolutionary changes among Portuguese populations led to changes in the positions of the cusps relative to one another in the first upper molar, whereas the location of their apices have moved away from the centre of the crown to a more peripheral posi- tion. This apparent increasing trend contrasts with the one reported in studies of both Neandertals and modern humans.
Industrial Relations Reform and Business Performance: An Introduction

This paper examines whether there has been a significant trend towards longer working hours in Australia, and whether working arrangements involving long hours are unreasonable. Recent years have seen growing concern with the number of hours many Australians are spending in paid employment. While average hours worked per week have remained relatively stable since the early 1980s, the incidence of both long and short workweeks has increased. Overall, the conclusion is that working long hours is on many criteria, far from unreasonable. It would appear that the majority of long hours workers prefer such arrangements. Attempts to interfere with such preferences through regulation will thus, in most instances, either lead to workers feeling worse off or fail to have any affect on worker behaviour. It is recognised that there are many instances where the hours being worked by individuals are having serious adverse impacts on health and family life and hence may sensibly be judged unreasonable. Nevertheless, it seems that such cases are best dealt with on a case by case basis and not through the imposition of across-the-board limits on hours, which may make far more people worse off than it makes better off.
Modeling and analysis for coupled flexural-torsional spinning beams with unsymmetrical cross sections

The structural modeling and dynamic properties of a spinning beam with an unsymmetrical cross section are studied. Due to the eccentricity and spinning, transverse deflections along the two principal directions and the torsional motion about the longitudinal axis are coupled. The structural model of the beam is established based on the Hamilton principle and by incorporating the torsional inertia. Moreover, because of its significant influence on characteristics for the non-circular cross-sectional beam, the warping effect is considered in the formulation. The proposed model is effectively validated in two cases: the spinning beam with a symmetric cross section and the cantilevered beam with an unsymmetrical cross section. Then the effects of the spinning speed on natural frequencies and mode shapes are investigated. Numerical results reveal that the critical speed is altered with respect to noncoincidence of the centroid and the shear center. For the beams with strong warping rigidities, the warping effect cannot be neglected due to significant influence on natural frequencies.
Accounting Conservatism and the Temporal Trends in Current Earnings’ Ability to Predict Future Cash Flows versus Future Earnings: Evidence on the Trade-off between Relevance and Reliability*: Conservatism and Relevance-Reliability Trade-off

This research reports that an increasing level of accounting conservatism over the 1973– 2005 period is associated with (1) an increase in the ability of current earnings to predict future cash flows (a measure of relevance, e.g., Kim and Kross, 2005); and (2) a decrease in the ability of current earnings to predict future earnings (a measure of reliability in the Richardson et al. [2005] sense). We also find that usefulness of earnings for explaining stock prices over book values is positively related to reliability but not to relevance. Our results hold for the constant and full samples and in both in-sample and out-of-sample analyses and are also robust to the use of different measures for relevance, reliability, earnings usefulness, and conservatism. Our findings about the relations between conservatism, relevance, reliability, and usefulness suggest a trade-off between relevance and reliability and seem to indicate that the adoption of an increasing number of conservative accounting standards possibly has an adverse impact on earnings usefulness through their negative effects on reliability.
Restructuring the employment relationship in South Eastern Europe?: Total quality‐based changes on managers' careers and job security

Purpose – This paper aims to address the generic research question of how promising management practices such as total quality management (TQM) initiatives affect employee relations in South Eastern European (SEE) countries by focusing on managers' professional lives. In particular, this study focuses on the effects of TQM programmes on middle managers' (MMs') career prospects and job security.Design/methodology/approach – A multi‐modal research approach was applied based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 1,800 middle managers from 73 service organizations in both the public and private sectors participated in the research (19 and 54 respectively). Findings – The implementation of TQM programs was found to have a positive impact on MMs' careers and job security. Nevertheless, it was related mostly to the “hard”, rather than the “soft”, side of TQM. The strong impact of TQM practices on MMs' responses to various aspects related to their physical work, as compared to the sm.
Follow-up and adherence to glaucoma care by newly diagnosed glaucoma patients in enugu, nigeria

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine uptake, adherence and influencing factors to follow-up care by newly diagnosed glaucoma patients from free eye screening exercise. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey of newly diagnosed glaucoma patients during free eye screenings carried out in March and October, 2016 in Enugu, Nigeria. Data on participants were analyzed after a minimum of 6 months from the screening for uptake and adherence to follow-up care. Qualifying patients had questionnaires administered to them by phone interview. Information requested regards awareness, knowledge on diagnosis as well as reasons for non-uptake and non-adherence. Results: 182 newly diagnosed glaucoma patients were included of which 121 (66.5%) were males, with median age of 50years.About 164 (90.1%) had at least a primary education. There were more self- employed persons 59 (32.4%) compared to other occupations. Uptake of follow up care was 17.6% (32/182). Adherence rate was 25% (8/32). Major reasons for non-uptake were lack of funds 54.9% (n = 50/91), distance 11% (n = 10/91) and receiving care from other facilities 11.0% (n = 10/91). Others include discourteous staff behavior and lack of information on diagnosis. Similarly, major reasons for non-adherence were lack of funds 44.4% (n = 8/18) and distance 22.2% (n = 4/18). Knowledge and prior awareness of glaucoma were found to be significantly associated with uptake of follow up care (p = 0.020). Conclusion: Uptake and adherence to follow-up was found to be low in this study population mainly attributed to cost, distance and poor knowledge of glaucoma natural history. Reviewing cost/out of pocket expenditure, providing care closer to patients, adequate education of staff and patients may significantly improve uptake of care after initial diagnosis.
Effect of Mixed Extract of Panax Notoginseng, Rehmanniae Radix and Acanthopanacis Cortex (AIF) on Experimentally Induced Osteoarthritis

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a mixed extract of three herbs, Panax Notoginseng, Rehmanniae Radix and Acanthopanacis cortex (AIF), for the treatment of horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Twelve healthy male horses were included in this study. Horses were assigned to one of two groups: the AIF group (n
Role of Public Investment in Growth and Poverty Reduction in Transition Economies

This paper explores the linkages among public investment, growth and poverty in light of the existing theories, evidence and methods for 30 transition economies using the panel data for 1995-2010. Using Least Square Dummy Variable technique, we conclude that public investment is growth enhancing; furthermore, the impact is even higher if associated with foreign direct investment. However, public investment is still not strong enough to reduce poverty, poverty gap and inequality in income distribution. In case of the latter, it has rather worsening impact. But if public current expenditure is spent primarily on educational subsidies, this brings pro-poor growth impact.
Importance of benthic nutrient regeneration during initiation of macroalgal blooms in shallow bays

Fast growing ephemeral algae are increasingly observed in shallow coastal waters worldwide. This is generally considered a symptom of coastal eutrophication. It has been suggested that the reoccurrence of macroalgal mats, despite ongoing efforts to decrease nutrient loadings, may be explained by the fact that sheltered bays function as self-regenerating systems through benthic regeneration of nutrients. The importance of benthic nutrient regeneration during the initiation of the growth of filamentous green algal mats was investigated in 2 shallow-water bays on the west coast of Sweden. Nutrient regeneration was assessed in situ and in the laboratory, using sediment-water light/dark incubations and pore water distribution patterns. Benthic efflux of inorganic nutrients could supply up to 55 to 100% of the estimated nitrogen demand and 30 to 70% of the phosphorus requirements for the initial macroalgal growth from May to June. However, the availability of the pore water nutrient pool was influenced by the amount and functional type of infauna, and by com- petition from microphytobenthos. Because of the internal nutrient source of the embayments, it is suggested that there may be a significant time lag between a decreased nutrient supply to coastal waters and improved conditions of shallow water embayments.