Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OCCUPATION OF X-RAY-SELECTED GALAXY GROUPS BY X-RAY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

We present the first direct measurement of the mean halo occupation distribution (HOD) of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the COSMOS field at z ⩽ 1, based on the association of 41 XMM and 17 C-COSMOS AGNs with member galaxies of 189 X-ray-detected galaxy groups from XMM-Newton and Chandra data. We model the mean AGN occupation in the halo mass range log M200 [M☉] = 13–14.5 with a rolling-off power law with the best-fit index α = 0.06(− 0.22; 0.36) and normalization parameter fa = 0.05(0.04; 0.06). We find the mean HOD of AGNs among central galaxies to be modeled by a softened step function at log Mh > log Mmin = 12.75(12.10, 12.95) M☉ while for the satellite AGN HOD we find a preference for an increasing AGN fraction with Mh, suggesting that the average number of AGNs in satellite galaxies grows slower (αs < 0.6) than the linear proportion (αs = 1) observed for the satellite HOD of samples of galaxies. We present an estimate of the projected autocorrelation function (ACF) of galaxy groups over the range of rp = 0.1–40 h−1 Mpc at 〈z〉 = 0.5. We use the large-scale clustering signal to verify the agreement between the group bias estimated by using the observed galaxy groups ACF and the value derived from the group mass estimates. We perform a measurement of the projected AGN–galaxy-group cross-correlation function, excluding from the analysis AGNs that are within galaxy groups and we model the two-halo term of the clustering signal with the mean AGN HOD based on our results.
On the Class II methanol maser periodic variability due to the rotating spiral shocks in the gaps of discs around young binary stars

We argue that the periodic variability of Class II methanol masers can be explained by variations of the dust temperature in the accretion disk around proto-binary star with at least one massive component. The dust temperature variations are caused by rotation of hot and dense material of the spiral shock wave in the disk central gap. The aim of this work is to show how different can be the Class II methanol maser brightness in the disk during the Moment of Maximum Illumination by the Spiral Shock material (hereafter MMISS) and the Moment when the disk is Illuminated by the Stars Only (MISO). We used the code CLOUDY (v13.02) to estimate physical conditions in the flat disk in the MISO and the MMISS. Model physical parameters of the disk were then used to estimate the brightness of 6.7, 9.9, 12.1 and 107 GHz masers at different impact parameters p using LVG approximation. It was shown that the strong masers experience considerable brightness increase during the MMISS with respect to MISO. There can happen both flares and dips of the 107 GHz maser brightness under the MMISS conditions, depending on the properties of the system. The brightest 9.9 GHz masers in the MMISS are situated at the greater p than the strong 6.7, 12.1 and 107 GHz masers that are situated at p 200 AU.
The Optimal Swimming Sheet

Propulsion at microscopic scales is often achieved through propagating traveling waves along hair-like organelles called flagella. Taylor's two-dimensional swimming sheet model is frequently used to provide insight into problems of flagellar propulsion. We derive numerically the large-amplitude waveform of the two-dimensional swimming sheet that yields optimum hydrodynamic efficiency; the ratio of the squared swimming speed to the rate-of-working of the sheet against the fluid. Using the boundary element method, we show the optimal waveform is a front-back symmetric regularized cusp that is 25% more efficient than the optimal sine-wave. This optimal two-dimensional shape is smooth, qualitatively different from the kinked form of Lighthill's optimal three-dimensional flagellum, not predicted by small-amplitude theory, and different from the smooth circular-arc-like shape of active elastic filaments.
Improved matching of photovoltaic solar arrays supplying DC motors through controlled motor saturation

This paper presents a method for increasing the daily output mechanical energy supplied by DC motors directly connected to solar cell arrays (SCA). Without any interfacing circuitry between the PV-array and the DC series motor, an increase of about 10% in the mechanical energy can be achieved. The procedure is based on the use of series DC motors with nonlinear magnetic circuits, so that these motors are driven into their saturation region during normal operation. It is shown that through proper selection of the parameters of the motor's magnetization characteristics (initial mutual inductance and the flux saturation level), improved matching between the PV-array and the DC motor is possible.
Principles And Practice Of Chiropractic

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Tunnelling Management By Design

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Access to Information for Farm-Level Decision-Making

ABSTRACT Radio is an important medium for conveying agricultural information among farmers in remote areas. This study assessed the channels of information available to four farming communities in Ghana and analyzed stakeholder networks in information generation and dissemination. About 50% of the farmers expressed a willingness to pay for relevant information, though they think general farm information should be free to all. Farmers ranked other farmers as their most important and least expensive sources. Farm-level decision-making requires timely, adequate, and appropriate information, which can bring smallholder farmers closer to their world competitors through increased production, effective marketing, and increased incomes.
Solar cycle full-shape predictions: a global error evaluation for cycle 24

There are many proposed prediction methods for solar cycles behavior. In a previous paper we updated the full-shape curve prediction of the current solar cycle 24 using a non-linear dynamics method and we compared the results with the predictions collected by the NOAA/SEC prediction panel, using observed data up to October 2010. The aim of the present paper is to give a quantitative evaluation, a posteriori, of the performances of these prediction methods using a specific global error, updated on a monthly basis, which is a measure of the global performance on the predicted shape (both amplitude and phase) of the solar cycle. We suggest also the use of a percent cycle similarity degree, to better evaluate the predicted shape of the solar cycle curve.
Improving User Experience In Information Retrieval Using Semantic Web And Other Technologies

IMPROVING USER EXPERIENCE IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL USING SEMANTIC WEB AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES by ERFAN NAJMI December 2016 Advisor: Dr. Zaki Malik Major: Computer Science Degree: Doctor of Philosophy The need to find, access and extract information has been the motivation for many different fields of research in the past few years. The fields such as Machine Learning, Question Answering Systems, Semantic Web, etc. each tries to cover parts of the mentioned problem. Each of these fields have introduced many different tools and approaches which in many cases are multi-disciplinary, covering more than one of these fields to provide solution for one or more of them. On the other hand, the expansion of the Web with Web 2.0, gave researchers many new tools to extend approaches to help users extract and find information faster and easier. Currently, the size of e-commerce and online shopping, the extended use of search engines for different purposes and the amount of collaboration for creating content on the Web provides us with different possibilities and challenges which we address some of them
Comparison of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Honey and Spirulina platensis with Sulfasalazine and Mesalazine on Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats

Background: Antioxidant therapy has gained attention for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The excessive generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in the gastrointestinal tract increases oxidative stress, thereby leading to antioxidant defense depletion, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, tissue damage, and ulceration. Spirulina platensis (SP) and honey are excellent sources of potent antioxidants such as polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. We aimed to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of honey and SP in comparison with sulfasalazine (SSZ) and mesalazine on acetic acid-induced colitis (AA-colitis) in rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Sprague Dawley male rats were allocated to seven groups, with each group comprising eight rats. UC was induced, except in normal controls (NC). All groups received oral treatments for seven days. The normal saline solution of 2 mL was intrarectally administered to the NC group. The AA-colitis and NC groups received 2 mL acetic acid intrarectally as a single dose and 2 mL normal saline for seven consecutive days orally. The mesalazine group received 100 mg/kg mesalazine, the SSZ group 360 mg/kg SSZ, the honey or H group 1 mL honey diluted with 1 mL distilled water, the SH group 1g/kg SP and 1 mL honey, and the SP group 1g/kg SP. After clinical activity score assessment, the rats were sacrificed. Colonic weight/length ratio, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Colonic histopathological changes were observed microscopically. Results: Treatment of UC with SP, honey, and combination regimen significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, MPO, NO, and PGE2, and increased TAC, GSH, GPx, and SOD in interventional groups compared to the AA-colitis group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Honey and SP might be beneficial food supplements for medical nutrition therapy in UC.
Writing Development in Syntactic Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency in a Content and Language Integrated Learning Class

This study aimed to explore L2 writing development (as measured by syntactic complexity, accuracy and fluency) in a CLIL class by examining authentic texts from the class. 19 participants joined an 18-week CLIL class and a total of 57 written assignments from the beginning, the middle, and the final phase of the course were collected. By analyzing syntactic complexity, syntactic accuracy, and fluency across three different times, the findings revealed that the participants improved their accuracy and fluency but not complexity, suggesting that a CLIL class was beneficial for L2 writing improvement to some extent. Possible accounts for accuracy and fluency improvement include preference for Standard English, assessment criteria of the course, and practice effects. Further pedagogical implications were provided in response to the findings.
Cholesterol Loaded Cyclodextrin Increases cryopreservability of Marwari Stallion (Equus ferus caballus) Spermatozoa by Increasing Cholesterol to Phospholipid Ratio

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) addition on cooled and frozen-thawed spermatozoa of Marwari stallion. A total of 48 ejaculates were collected from six adult Marwari stallions (8 ejaculates from each stallion) aged between 4 to 7 years. Immediately after collection semen sample was macroscopically evaluated and filtered into a warm, graduated measuring bottle to get gel free semen. The level of cholesterol (C) and phospholipid (P) in fresh spermatozoa were measured using ELISA. The semen sample was divided in to five equal aliquots (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4). Primary extender containing different concentrations of CLC was added to each aliquot (0, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 mg/ml CLC in T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively). All the aliquots were incubated for 15 minutes at 37 °C for incorporation of CLC in sperm plasma membrane and then cryopreserved. Level of C and P in spermatozoa was also evaluated at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. The mean C, P and C: P ratio in fresh sperm was 15.36±0.47 μg/100 × 106 sperm cells, 46.21±1.27 μg/100 × 106 sperm cells and 0.33±0.071, respectively. The mean C content and C: P ratio were significantly higher (P<0.05) in group T3 as compared to other groups at both pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. It was concluded that addition of CLC may be helpful in increasing cryopservability of stallion spermatozoa.
Making Sense Of Construction Improvement

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Empirical Likelihood and Bootstrap Inference with Constraints

Empirical likelihood and the bootstrap play influential roles in contemporary statistics. This thesis studies two distinct statistical inference problems, referred to as Part I and Part II, related to the empirical likelihood and bootstrap, respectively. Part I of this thesis concerns making statistical inferences on multiple groups of samples that contain excess zero observations. A unique feature of the target populations is that the distribution of each group is characterized by a non-standard mixture of a singular distribution at zero and a skewed nonnegative component. In Part I of this thesis, we propose modelling the nonnegative components using a semiparametric, multiple-sample, density ratio model (DRM). Under this semiparametric setup, we can efficiently utilize information from the combined samples even with unspecified underlying distributions. We first study the question of testing homogeneity of multiple nonnegative distributions when there is an excess of zeros in the data, under the proposed semiparametric setup. We develop a new empirical likelihood ratio (ELR) test for homogeneity and show that this ELR has a χ-type limiting distribution under the homogeneous null hypothesis. A nonparametric bootstrap procedure is proposed to calibrate the finite-sample distribution of the ELR. The consistency of this bootstrap procedure is established under both the null and alternative hypotheses. Simulation studies show that the bootstrap ELR test has an accurate nominal type I error, is robust to changes of underlying distributions, is competitive to, and sometimes more powerful than, several popular oneand two-part tests. A real data example is used to illustrate the advantages of the proposed test. We next investigate the problem of comparing the means of multiple nonnegative distributions, with excess zero observations, under the proposed semiparametric setup. We develop a unified inference framework based on our new ELR statistic, and show that this ELR has a χ-type limiting distribution under a general null hypothesis. This allows us to construct a new test for mean equality. Simulation results show favourable performance of the proposed ELR test compared with other existing tests for mean equality, especially when the correctly specified basis function in the DRM is the logarithm function. A real data set is analyzed to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Content-based music access: an approach and its applications

At current time, the availability of largemusic repositories poses challenging research problems. Among all, content-based identification is gaining an increasing interest because it can provide new tools for easy access and retrieval. In this paper we describe an ongoing methodology for the content-based identification of unknown music recordings through a collection of music documents. Moreover, as future prospective scenario, identification is viewed in a more general similarity context, where also the perception of the users is considered.
Active learning and crowdsourcing for machine translation in low resource scenarios

Corpus based approaches to automatic translation such as Example Based and Statistical Machine Translation systems use large amounts of parallel data created by humans to train mathematical models for automatic language translation. Large scale parallel data generation for new language pairs requires intensive human effort and availability of fluent bilinguals or expert translators. Therefore it becomes immensely difficult and expensive to provide state-of-the-art Machine Translation (MT) systems for rare languages. In this thesis, we explore active learning to reduce costs and make best use of human resources for building low-resource MT systems. Active learning approaches help us identify sentences, which if translated have the potential to provide maximal improvement to an existing system. We then apply active learning to other relevant tasks in MT such as word alignment, classifying monolingual text by topic, extracting comparable corpora from the web. In all these tasks we reduce annotated data required by the underlying supervised learning models. We also extend the traditional active learning approach of optimizing selection for a single annotation to handle cases of multiple-type annotations and show further reduction of costs in building low-resource MT systems. Finally, as part of this thesis, we have implemented a new framework - Active Crowd Translation (ACT), a cost sensitive active learning setup for building MT systems for low-resource language pairs. Our framework will provide a suitable platform for involving disparately spread out human translators around the world, in a timely and sparingly fashion for rapid building of translation systems. We first explore the ACT paradigm with expert translators and then generalize to full-scale crowdsourcing with non-expert bilingual speakers. In case of Machine Translation, although crowdsourcing services like Amazon's Mechanical Turk have opened doors to tap human potential, they do not guarantee translation expertise nor extended availability of translators. We address several challenges in eliciting quality translations from an unvetted crowd of bilingual speakers.
Technical Report: Benchmarking for Quasispecies Abundance Inference with Confidence Intervals from Metagenomic Sequence Data

The software application “MetaQuant” was developed by our group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). It is designed to profile microbial populations in a sample using data from whole-genome shotgun (WGS) metagenomic DNA sequencing. Several other metagenomic profiling applications have been described in the literature. We ran a series of benchmark tests to compare the performance of MetaQuant against that of a few existing profiling tools, using real and simulated sequence datasets. This report describes our benchmarking procedure and results.
Evaluating EFL students’ reading comprehension skills with reference to the Department of English at Zawia University, Libya

This study investigated the main challenges that faced Libyan students in reading comprehension within the English language programme at Zawia University, Libya, through the perceptions of lecturers and students at the Department of English. This study also evaluated the current teaching practices of reading comprehension at the Department of English at Zawia University. It also identified the key causal factors that contributed to the students' inadequate reading comprehension performance. Reading comprehension as a research topic has been extensively researched and it is still of current interest. The key literature in this study is polarised around two streams. The first stream presents different aspects of reading: definitions, importance, complexity, purposes of reading, types of reading and approaches to reading. The second stream is related to various issues about the three main components of the reading comprehension module: learners, teachers and reading material. The philosophical paradigm underpinning this study is predominantly positivist; thus, eight hundred questionnaires were distributed to reach as many students as possible in order to find out the answer to an inquiry through numerical evidence. After distributing the questionnaires, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gauge the lecturers’ viewpoints about the teaching and learning of reading comprehension. Four hundred and forty nine students filled up the questionnaires, which were analysed using SPSS while seven lecturers participated in the interviews that were analysed through content analysis. Findings revealed that students at the Department of English at Zawia University lack the reading skills and the culture of reading and face difficulties in English reading comprehension. Many lecturers are not aware of reading skills and they teach reading comprehension in a traditional way with over-emphasis on decoding and accuracy. The insufficient learning environment at the department has a negative impact on the process of learning and teaching because of the lack of facilities and library resources, overcrowded classes, and limited time allocated to reading classes. This study has added a theoretical contribution through expanding the literature, which brings about academic benefits for future researchers in education in the Arab world, particularly in Libya. Future researchers can use the conceptual model for reading comprehension that is designed by the researcher to investigate what factors influence this process.
Software implementation of SHA-3 family using AVX2

The Keccak algorithm was the winner of the competition organized by NIST to choose the new standard hash algorithm, called SHA-3. In this work, we present the details of our software implementation in conformity with draft FIPS 202. We follow two approaches for the implementation of SHA-3, the first one computes the digest for a single message, and the other one computes in parallel four digests from four different messages. The performance for the single implementation was accelerated using vector instructions of 128/256 bits, and it is as fast as the best implementation optimized for 64 bits published on eBASH. The parallel implementation is about 2.5 faster than the single message implementation. The cryptographic primitive extendable-output functions, which is part of the draft FIPS 202, were also implemented.