Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of shiitake [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler] mushroom on laying performance, egg quality, fatty acid composition and cholesterol concentration of eggs in layer chickens

Shiitake mushroom [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler] has long been considered a delicacy as well as a medicinal mushroom in many Asian countries, as well as being dried and exported internationally. This study assessed the influence of shiitake mushroom on laying performance, egg quality, sensory properties, fatty acid composition and cholesterol concentration of eggs in laying hens. The dietary groups were control (basal diet), shiitake 0.25% (basal diet + 0.25% shiitake mushroom) and shiitake 0.5% (basal diet + 0.5% shiitake mushroom). Egg production was significantly increased (p<0.05) by the shiitake supplementation compared to the control, but other laying parameters were not affected (p>0.05). Haugh unit was significantly increased (p>0.05) in both shiitake groups, but a thinner egg shell was observed in the shiitake 0.25% group and thicker egg albumen in the shiitake 0.5% group compared to the control group. Dietary addition of shiitake mushroom did not induce any effect (p>0.05) on sensory evaluation of eggs. Among the fatty acid composition of egg yolk, linoleic acid as well as total n-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were increased (p<0.05), whereas palmitoleic acid and αlinolenic acid were decreased (p<0.05) in the shiitake 0.5% group. Cholesterol concentration of egg yolk was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the shiitake 0.5% group compared to the control group. Dietary supplementation with shiitake mushroom up to 0.5% positively affects egg production, egg quality, fatty acid composition and cholesterol level reduction of eggs, and did not adversely affect sensory properties of eggs. Shiitake mushroom could be beneficial in layer diet.
www.econstor.eu Behavioral Economics and Macroeconomic Models

Over the past 20 years, macroeconomists have incorporated more and more results from behavioral economics into their models. We argue that doing so has helped fixed deficiencies with standard approaches to modeling the economy—for example, the counterfactual absence of inertia in the standard New Keynesian model of economic fluctuations. We survey efforts to use behavioral economics to improve some of the underpinnings of the New Keynesian model—specifically, consumption, the formation of expectations and determination of wages and employment that underlie aggregate supply, and the possibility of multiple equilibria and asset price bubbles. We also discuss more broadly the advantages and disadvantages of using behavioral economics features in macroeconomic models. JEL-Code: E200, E300, D800.
The relationship between parental racial attitudes and children s implicit prejudice q

Although many researchers assume that implicit racial attitudes develop via exposure to prejudicial socializing agents (e.g., parents, peers, and the media) starting in childhood, there is a dearth of research on implicit attitudes in children. This study looks at the effect of one socializing agent—parents—on children s or implicit racial prejudice. Specifically, we examine Allport s (1954) contention that children s identification with their parents moderates the intergenerational transmission of prejudice. Fourthand fifthgrade children completed measures of implicit and explicit pro-White/anti-Black prejudice, as well as a survey assessing child–parent identification. Parents completed a survey that measured their attitudes toward Blacks. As hypothesized, we found greater correspondence between parents prejudice and children s prejudice among children who were highly identified with their parents than less identified children. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Is Sex Important to Marital Satisfaction or is Marital Satisfaction Important to Sex? Top-down and Bottom-up Processing in the Bedroom.

How do people determine satisfaction in their relationships? One way may be to engage in bottom-up processing and rely on sexual satisfaction to arrive at an overall evaluation of the relationship. Another way may be to engage in top-down processing and allow the overall relationship satisfaction to color the perceptions of sexual satisfaction. The current study more rigorously examined the causal relationship between sexual and marital satisfaction through multilevel cross-lagged regression analyses of 8 waves of marital and sexual satisfaction reported by 72 newlywed couples over the first five years of marriage. Consistent with bottom-up processing, initial sexual satisfaction predicted subsequent marital satisfaction. Also, consistent with top-down processing, initial marital satisfaction predicted subsequent sexual satisfaction. The current findings extend theoretical perspectives on the relationship between sexual satisfaction and suggest that both causal paths be considered in future research and clinical
The Development and Initial Validation of the Irrational Performance Beliefs Inventory (iPBI)

The growing use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in performance contexts (e.g., business, sport) has highlighted the absence of a contextually valid and reliable measure of irrational beliefs. This paper reports the development and initial validation of the Irrational Performance Beliefs Inventory (iPBI). The iPBI was developed to provide a validated measure of the four core irrational beliefs of REBT theory. Item development was completed in three stages comprising two expert panels and one novice panel, reducing and refining 176 items to 133. Then, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to refine the measure and reduce the number of items. A total of 665 business professionals completed the 133-item scale, alongside an established measure of irrational beliefs and a measure of negative emotion. A 28-item measure was developed (the iPBI) that showed an acceptable fit to the four-factor REBT structure. The iPBI correlated well with the established irrational beliefs measure, and with anxiety, depression, and anger, demonstrating concurrent and predictive validity. Further validation efforts are required to assess the validity and reliability of the iPBI in alternative samples in other performance-related contexts.
Cultural, Morphological, and Pathogenicity Variation in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Causing Wilt of Tomato

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strains were isolated from wilted tomato plants and soil samples collected from different tomato fields in and around Karnataka. A total of 114 isolates named as (MB1-MB114) were subjected to cultural, morphological and pathogenicity studies. Significant variations existed among the isolates with respect to rate and type of growth, colony colour, mycelial growth pattern, sporulation, septation of the conidia, number and pattern of chlamydospore formation. The isolates were studied for their pathogenic variability by inoculating to five different tomato varieties by standard root dip method. The pathogenicity of the isolates could be categorized based on their virulence. The invasive growth of the isolates was assayed by injecting the conidial suspension of the isolates to tomato fruits.
Commentary: 2017 clinical Epilepsia prize

The Epilepsia clinical paper of the year prize is awarded to Dr. Divyanshu Dubey from the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. His paper on predictive models in autoimmune epilepsy was published in May 2017. Why is this article so relevant? To understand this, one may be reminded that autoimmune encephalitis and the neural antibodies have arguably become one of the most progressive and advancing fields in neurology. Autoimmune encephalitis has many stakeholders among the traditional neurological subdisciplines. Most relevant are intensive care neurology, dementia, movement disorders, and finally, epilepsy. Autoimmune encephalitis crosses established borders of these subdisciplines, and that is one of the reasons affected patients with puzzling symptom complexes may be inadequately diagnosed; the full complexity of the disorder may not be appreciated by the specialist who happens to be in charge of such a case. Conversely, autoimmune encephalitis has useful biomarkers: the neural antibodies (anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 [LGI1], anti–Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor [NMDAR], etc). These antibodies have been said to be very specific for autoimmune encephalitides. It has even been suggested that many patients respond favorably to immunotherapy. Not infrequently, clinicians have opted for an easy and straightforward concept: Let us test patients with etiologically undetermined central nervous system disease, for example, epilepsy of unknown cause, for neural antibodies; the positive ones will have an autoimmune etiology, and it will be worthwhile treating all of them by immunotherapy. This has, however, not fully worked out for 3 reasons:
Copertina ECO.indd

This paper modifies the standard Mortensen-Pissarides job matching model in order to explain the cyclical behavior of vacancies and unemployment. The modifications include strategic wage bargaining (Hall and Milgrom, 2006) and convex labor adjustment costs. The results reveal that our model replicates the cyclical behavior of both variables remarkably well. First, we show that strategic wage bargaining increases the volatility of vacancies and unemployment enormously. Second, the introduction of convex labor adjustment costs makes both variables much more persistent. Third, our analysis indicates that both modifications are complementary in generating volatile and persistent labor market variables. JEL Codes: E24, E32, J41
EVALUATION OF TWO HERBAL SPICES AS FEED ADDITIVES FOR FINISHER BROILERS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two herbal spices as feed additives for finisher broilers. 120 5-week old birds were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design. Each group was further subdivided into three replicates of 10 birds per replicate. Four experimental diets were formulated such that diet I (T1) which served as the control contained neither ginger nor garlic. Diets 2 (T2) and 3 (T3) contained 0.25% garlic and ginger respectively. Diet 4 (T4) contained a combination of 0.25% of garlic and ginger. Response parameters evaluated include weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, blood parameters and carcass characteristics. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Results showed that birds fed supplemented diets had significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight gain and superior feed conversion ratio than birds fed the control diet. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the feed consumption of the birds among the treatments. The hematological indices, serum biochemistry and carcass characteristics of the birds among the treatment were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. The results of this study suggest that ginger and garlic can be included in broiler finisher diets without adversely affecting the performance of the birds.
Strichartz Estimates for Schrödinger Equations on Scattering Manifolds

The present article is concerned with Schrödinger equations on non-compact Riemannian manifolds with asymptotically conic ends. It is shown that, for any admissible pair (including the endpoint), local in time Strichartz estimates outside a large compact set are centered at origin hold. Moreover, we prove global in space Strichartz estimates under the nontrapping condition on the metric.
Dielectric screening of the Kohn anomaly of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride

Kohn anomalies in three-dimensional metallic crystals are dips in the phonon dispersion that are caused by abrupt changes in the screening of the ion cores by the surrounding electron gas. These anomalies are also present at the high-symmetry pointsand K in the phonon dispersion of two-dimensional graphene, where the phonon wave vector connects two points on the Fermi surface. The linear slope around the kinks in the highest optical branch is proportional to the electron-phonon coupling. Here, we present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the influence of the dielectric substrate on the vibrational properties of graphene. We show that screening by the dielectric substrate reduces the electron-phonon coupling at the high-symmetry point K and leads to an upshift of the Raman 2D line. This results in the observation of a Kohn anomaly that can be tuned by screening. The exact position of the 2D line can thus be taken also as a signature for changes in the (electron-phonon limited) conductivity of graphene.
Effects of rodents on ecosystem structure and function

Herbivores modify their environment by consuming plant biomass and redistributing materials across the landscape. While small mammalian herbivores, such as rodents, are typically inconspicuous, their impacts on plant community structure and chemistry can be large. We used a small mammal exclosure experiment to explore if rodents in a southeastern old field directly altered the aboveground plant species composition and chemistry, and indirectly altered the belowground soil community composition and activity. In general, when rodents were excluded, C3 graminoids increased in abundance, contributing towards a shift in plant species composition relative to plots where rodents were present. The plant community chemistry also shifted; litter fiber concentration and carbon:nitrogen were higher, whereas litter nitrogen concentration was lower in exclosure plots relative to access plots. While microbial community enzyme activity increased when rodents were excluded, no significant changes in the fungal:bacterial ratio or potential nitrogen mineralization occurred between treatments. Our results show that rodents can rapidly influence aboveground plant community composition and chemistry, but their influence on belowground processes may require plant inputs to the soil to accumulate over longer periods of time.
Local time for lattice paths and the associated limit laws

For generalized Dyck paths (i.e., directed lattice paths with any finite set of jumps), we analyse their local time at zero (i.e., the number of times the path is touching or crossing the abscissa). As we are in a discrete setting, the event we analyse here is '' invisible '' to the tools of Brownian motion theory. It is interesting that the key tool for analysing directed lattice paths, which is the kernel method, is not directly applicable here. Therefore, we introduce a variant of this kernel method to get the trivariate generating function (length, final altitude, local time): this leads to an expression involving symmetric and algebraic functions. We apply this analysis to different types of constrained lattice paths (meanders , excursions, bridges,. . .). Then, we illustrate this approach on 'basketball walks ' which are walks defined by the jumps --2, --1, 0, +1, +2. We use singularity analysis to prove that the limit laws for the local time are (depending on the drift and the type of walk) the geometric distribution, the negative binomial distribution, the Rayleigh distribution, or the half-normal distribution (a universal distribution up to now rarely encountered in analytic combinatorics).
Extruded upper first molar intrusion: Comparison between unilateral and bilateral miniscrew anchorage

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of his study was to evaluate the stress on tooth and alveolar bone caused by orthodontic intrusion forces in a supraerupted upper molar, by using a three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM). Methods: A superior maxillary segment was modeled in the software SolidWorks 2010 (SolidWorks Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA) containing: cortical and cancellous bone, supraerupted first molar, periodontal tissue and orthodontic components. A finite element model has simulated intrusion forces of 4N onto a tooth, directed to different mini-screw locations. Three different intrusion mechanics vectors were simulated: anchoring on a buccal mini-implant; anchoring on a palatal mini-implant and the association of both anchorage systems. All analyses were performed considering the minimum principal stress and total deformation. Qualitative analyses exhibited stress distribution by color maps. Quantitative analysis was performed with a specific software for reading and solving numerical equations (ANSYS Workbench 14, Ansys, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA). Results: Intrusion forces applied from both sides (buccal and palatal) resulted in a more homogeneous stress distribution; no high peak of stress was detected and it has allowed a vertical resultant movement. Buccal or palatal single-sided forces resulted in concentrated stress zones with higher values and tooth tipping to respective force side. Conclusion: Unilateral forces promoted higher stress in root apex and higher dental tipping. The bilateral forces promoted better distribution without evidence of dental tipping. Bilateral intrusion technique suggested lower probability of root apex resorption.
Does this Smile Make me Look White? Exploring the Effects of Emotional Expressions on the Categorization of Multiracial Children

Previous research shows that Multiracial adults are categorized as more Black than White (i.e., Black-categorization bias), especially when they have angry facial expressions. The present research examined the extent to which these categorization patterns extended to Multiracial children, with both White and Black participants. Consistent with past research, both White and Black participants categorized Multiracial children as more Black than White. Counter to what was found with Multiracial adults in previous research, emotional expressions (e.g., happy vs. angry) did not moderate how Multiracial children were categorized. Additionally, for Black participants, anti-White bias was correlated with categorizing Multiracial children as more White than Black. The developmental and cultural implications of these data are discussed, as they provide new insight into the important role that age plays in Multiracial person perception.
Habit formation and labor supply 1

This paper analyzes the pattern of consumption taxes in a two period model with habit formation and myopia. Individuals second period needs increase with their rst period consumption. However, myopic individuals do not see this habit formation relation when they take their saving decision. The rst-best solution is decentralized by a simple Pigouvian(paternalistic) consumption tax (along with suitable lump-sum taxes). In a second-best setting, when personalized lump-sum transfers are not available, consumption taxes may have conicting paternalistic and redistributive e¤ects. Taxes should discourage consumption of goods that entail negative externalities (unforeseen habits), but discourage less the consumption of goods that are proportionately consumed by individuals with high net social marginal utility of income. We also show that both myopic and farsighted individuals bene t more from the second-best policy when the proportion of myopic agents in society increases. JEL codes: D91, H21, H55
Kumanoa mahlacensis (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in a Mediterranean coastal wetland, a new species for the European continental algal flora

Morphological characters and molecular sequence data of the plastid-encoded RUBISCO large subunit gen ( rbc L) confirmed the first record of Kumanoa mahlacensis (S. Kumano & W.A. Bowden-Kerby) Entwisle, M.L. Vis, W.B. Chiasson, Necchi & A.R. Sherwood in Europe from a Spanish Mediterranean coastal wetland. The genus Kumanoa has a worldwide distribution and inhabits in both lotic and lentic habitats, but information about the ecological requirements of species is scarce. In this study, the morphology and ecology of Spanish material is described in order to gain a broader insight of the distribution of species from Mediterranean areas.
The Challenges of Red Wolf Conservation and the Fate of an Endangered Species Recovery Program

Endangered red wolves (Canis rufus) receive intense conservation efforts in the United States, and to date, population recovery has been challenged by hybridization with closely related coyotes (C. latrans) and illegal human‐caused mortality. Ongoing review of the red wolf program in the single recovery area in North Carolina prompted us to compare demography (survival, recruitment) and cause of death of red wolves and coyotes/hybrids. In most respects, canids had similar demographic rates, although sterilization was effective in controlling coyote reproduction. Comparison of previous (1999‐2007) to contemporary (2009‐2014) causes of death revealed that shooting mortality consistently accounted for ∼25% of wolf mortality. As evidenced by the lack of coyote deaths from strife with wolves, and stationary/declining wolf numbers during the last 15 years, current conditions are inadequate to establish a viable self‐sustaining wolf population. Accordingly, the program review should determine whether: (1) banning coyote hunting will sufficiently benefit wolf survival or recruitment; (2) the wolf population should be considered conservation‐reliant under revised recovery goals; or (3) the recovery program in North Carolina should be abandoned.
Nonparametric Analysis of Hedge Funds Lifetimes

Most of hedge funds databases are now keeping history of dead funds in order to control biases in empirical analysis. It is then possible to use these data for the analysis of hedge funds lifetimes and survivorship. This paper proposes two nonparametric specifications of duration models. First, the single risk model is an alternative to parametric duration models used in the literature. Second, the competing risks model consider the two reasons why hedge funds stop reporting. We apply the two models to hedge funds data and compare our results to the literature. In particular, we show that a cohort effect must be considered. Moreover, the reason of the exit is a crucial information for the analysis of funds' survival as for a large part of disappearing funds, exit cannot be explained by low performance or low level of assets.
Parallel Behavioral Divergence with Macrohabitat in Anolis (Squamata: Dactyloidae) Lizards from the Dominican Republic

Abstract The ecomorph concept of the adaptive radiation of Caribbean anoles is characterized by a suite of behavioral, ecological, and morphological traits that are tightly linked to microhabitat use in lizards. However, most studies on the adaptive radiation of anoles have been conducted in a single macrohabitat type—lowland tropical forests. Because behavior can help organisms cope with different environmental conditions, we can predict that there will be key shifts in behavior within ecomorphs when examined across different macrohabitats, although this idea remains empirically underexplored. Here we utilized the replicated evolution of montane endemics from a primarily lowland species in a clade of trunk–ground Anolis lizards to test the hypothesis that shifts in basking behavior, wariness, and display behavior accompany divergence into montane habitats. The montane specialists A. armouri and A. shrevei each independently evolved from the primarily lowland dwelling A. cybotes in two widely separated mountain chains on the island of Hispaniola. We found evidence for a convergent behavioral response to the high-altitude macrohabitat: A. armouri and A. shrevei spend more time basking, utilize more open environments, and are warier than lowland A. cybotes. We also found divergence in display behavior in A. shrevei. We detected no evidence of divergence in locomotor behavior with elevation among active lizards. Together, our results suggest that the ecomorph concept would be enriched by extending observations of behavior (and other aspects of the phenotype) into different macrohabitats. Future work should focus on whether the observed behavioral shifts are clinal, reflecting local adaptation within A. cybotes, or fixed differences between the lowland generalist and montane species. Adaptation to the macrohabitat has previously been underappreciated as a source of behavioral diversity in Anolis lizards; this study is the first step toward documenting intraecomorph behavioral variation across divergent habitats.