Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of the diagnosis of small adenocarcinoma of the lung and usefulness of an educational program for the diagnostic criteria

Using 32 small adenocarcinomas of the lung including bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), the reproducibility of diagnosis by the modified diagnostic criteria for small adenocarcinoma (Cancer 75; 2844, 1995) and the effectiveness of an educational program for 27 volunteer general pathologists were examined. The average coincidence rate of the diagnosis before and after the program was 42.4% and 56.6%, respectively. The coincidence rate after the program was significantly higher than that before the program (P < 0.05). In contrast, the average coincidence rate of six lung cancer specialists was 71.4%, and this was significantly higher than that for general pathologists after the program (P < 0.05). When the cases were divided into two groups (in situ adenocarcinoma (BAC and BAC with alveolar collapse) and early invasive adenocarcinoma), the average coincidence rate for the general pathologists after the program increased to 85.3%, which was significantly higher than that before the program (80.3%; P < 0.05). The rate for the specialists was 89%, which was higher than that for the general pathologists after the program but not significantly so. This trial was thought to provide a theoretical background for the histological diagnosis of peripheral type adenocarcinoma of the lung and to justify the existing diagnostic criteria.
Piscivorous Behavior of a Temperate Cone Snail, Conus californicus

Most of the more than 500 species of predatory marine snails in the genus Conus are tropical or semitropical, and nearly all are thought to be highly selective regarding type of prey. Conus californicus Hinds, 1844, is unusual in that it is endemic to the North American Pacific coast and preys on a large variety of benthic organisms, primarily worms and other molluscs, and also scavenges. We studied the feeding behavior of C. californicus in captivity and found that it regularly killed and consumed live prickleback fishes (Cebidichthys violaceus and Xiphister spp.). Predation involved two behavioral methods similar to those employed by strictly piscivorous relatives. One method utilized stings delivered by radular teeth; the other involved engulfing the prey without stinging. Both methods were commonly used in combination, and individual snails sometimes employed multiple stings to subdue a fish. During the course of the study, snails became aroused by the presence of live fish more quickly, as evidenced by more rapid initiation of hunting behavior. Despite this apparent adaptation, details of prey-capture techniques and effectiveness of stings remained similar over the same period.
Analysis of the phase behaviour of a nano-confined Lennard-Jones fluid using a pseudo-spectral approach to classical density-functional models

Wetting phenomena provide a vivid manifestation of attractive intermolecular forces, putting to a test our microscopic picture of matter. Classical Density Functional (DF) theory is based on first principles of statistical mechanics and provides a way to account for various microscopic effects determining the behaviour of confined fluids. In broad terms, the thesis consists of two parts, each expanding the existing body of knowledge in the respective field. In the first part a novel numerical methodology is developed, which allows one to solve any type of non-local integral or integral-differential equations typical of equilibrium and dynamic DF theories in oneand two-dimensional problems. The approach is based on pseudo-spectral collocation method and is demonstrated to be superior in speed and accuracy to existing commonly used approaches. Novel features include an integrating matrix operator, which is calculated outside of the non-linear solver loops and then used for fast evaluation of the non-local convolution-like terms with the highly accurate ClenshawCurtis quadrature, and a battery of techniques based on arc-length continuation providing a systematic and efficient way to compute density profiles, find surface phase transitions and obtain full phase diagrams. The second part presents a DF study of an atomic fluid at given chemical potential and temperature spatially confined to a semi-infinite rectangular pore. Fluid-fluid and fluidsubstrate interactions are with long-ranged Lennard-Jones forces. Far from the capping wall this prototypical two-dimensional system reduces to a one-dimensional slit pore. However, the broken translational symmetry dramatically changes the phenomenology of wetting from that of a slit pore. Detailed investigation reveals new phenomena related to the geometry. In particular, the existence of capillary wetting temperature, continuous capillary condensation transition, continuous planar prewetting transition, and more. Existence beyond mean-field is discussed briefly. Dynamic extension of the DF theory is used to study the relaxation of the system.
Changes in the blood coagulation system associated with septicemia.

Abstract Detailed coagulation analyses in 36 pediatric cases of septicemia revealed 22 gram-negative and eight gram-positive infections, two Rocky Mountain spotted fevers, and four with no etiologic agent isolated. Various changes in the clotting mechanism were encountered irrespective of the infectious agent but apparently related to blood pressure. The most frequent single abnormality was thrombocytopenia in 61 per cent of all cases. Multiple coagulation changes, regularly noted in patients with hypotension or shock, were interpreted as being secondary to diffuse intravascular coagulation. Similar changes were not seen in cases with normal blood pressures. The most reliable laboratory guides seemed to be a reduced platelet count, low factor V levels in plasma and fibrinolytic split products in serum. Heparin was given in all patients with hypotension suspected of having the defect. Most patients with septicemia and low blood pressure apparently have the defect.
Generic Object Recognition: Building and Matching Coarse Descriptions from Line Drawings

Primal access recognition of visual objects (PARVO), a computer vision system that addresses the problem of fast and generic recognition of unexpected 3D objects from single 2D views, is considered. Recently, recognition by components (RBC), which is a new human image understanding theory, based on some psychological results, has been proposed as an explanation of how PARVO works. However, no systematic computational evaluation of its many aspects has yet been reported. The PARVO system discussed is a first step toward this goal, since its design respects and makes explicit the main assumptions of the proposed theory. It analyzes single-view 2D line drawings of 3D objects typical of the ones used in human image understanding studies. It is designed to handle partially occluded objects of different shape and dimension in various spatial orientations and locations in the image plane. The system is shown to successfully compute generic descriptions and then recognize many common man-made objects. >
Author's Reply

For original article by D'Amico, V. Gianini, and A. Baschirotto, see ibid., vol. 41, no. 7, p. 1630-37, Jul. 2006. For comments by P. V. Ananda see ibid. vol. 42, no. 2, February 2007
Psychiatric Comorbidity and Treatment Seeking: Sources of Selection Bias in the Study of Clinical Populations

Population studies have shown that the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders increases the likelihood of treatment seeking. This leads to a biased estimation of the prevalence of comorbidity in clinical samples, and this overestimation can be attributed to two different sources of selection bias. Using data from a population survey of psychiatric disorders, in which 3258 residents of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, we assessed the extent of each of these two mechanisms. The first source of selection bias is the mathematical bias known as Berkson’s bias and arises from the fact that an individual affected with two psychiatric disorders can seek treatment for either one or the other of these disorders. The second source of selection bias is clinical and results from the changed probability of seeking a treatment for a specific disorder because of the existence of a comorbid disorder.
Postglacial Change in Sea Level in the Western North Atlantic Ocean

Radioactive carbon determinations of the age of peat indicate that at Bermuda, southern Florida, North Carolina, and Louisiana the relative sea level has risen at approximately the same rate, 2.5 x 10-3 foot per year (0.76 x 10-3 meter per year), during the past 4000 years. It is proposed tentatively that this is the rate of eustatic change in sea level. The rise in sea level along the northeastern coast of the United States has been at a rate much greater than this, indicating local subsidence of the land. Between Cape Cod and northern Virginia, coastal subsidence of 13 feet appears to have occurred between 4000 and 2000 years ago and has continued at a rate of about 1 x 10-3 foot per year since then. On the northeastern coast of Massachusetts, subsidence of 6 feet occurred between 4000 and 3000 years ago; since then sea level has risen at about the eustatic rate. Between 12,000 and 4000 years ago, sea level rose at an average of about 11 x 10-3 foot per year. The part played by local subsidence or temporary departures from the average rate during this period is uncertain.
The Influences of Technical Support, Self Efficacy and Instructional Design on the Usage and Acceptance of LMS: A Comprehensive Review.

Innovation, globalization and the rapid expansion of technologies are the current trend now, which lead to the use of latest technologies in several different sectors, including education sector without exception. Learning management system (LMS) that is used for delivering education has become one of the most important innovative tools that is widely used and implemented by educational institutes and universities all over the world. Therefore, it is clear that LMS provides its users with huge benefits. Although LMS has been successful in developed countries and its huge benefits have been gained, the implementation of LMS in developing countries has failed either partly or fully, and its utilization is not complete and considered below the satisfactory level. For an example, in Saudi Arabia, which is considered as one of the developing countries, LMS has been implemented by universities for many years, however its utilization is still under the satisfactory level among both the academic staffs and the students. Organizational, technological and self factors, such as the technical support, self efficacy and instructional design of LMS are believed to be the barriers in Saudi Arabia that may have prevented or decreased the utilization of LMS. Therefore, this paper intends to review the literatures that are related to all the studies that used Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) recently to investigate empirically the influence of factors, majorly the technical support, self efficacy and instructional design, along with other factors that may influence the usage and acceptance of LMS. By reviewing the literatures, it is found herein that enjoyment and self efficacy factors within the context of LMS are mostly examined empirically by using TAM, while technical support, self efficacy and instructional design of LMS have not been empirically and simultaneously examined by using TAM at the global level.
Elementary structures in process theory (1): Sets with renaming

We study a general algebraic framework that underlies a wide range of computational formalisms that use the notion of names, notably process calculi. The algebraic framework gives a rigorous basis for describing and reasoning about processes semantically, as well as offering new insights into existing constructions. The formal status of the theory is elucidated by introducing its alternative presentation, which is geometric in nature and is based on explicit manipulation of connections among nameless processes. Nameless processes and their relational theory form a coherent universe in their own right, which underlies existing graphical formalisms such as proof nets. We establish the formal equivalence between these two presentations, and illustrate how they can be used complementarily for the precise and effective description of diverse algebras and the dynamics of processes through examples.
Ultrasonographic features of the hand and wrist in systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES To investigate ultrasonographic hand and wrist features in patients with SSc and their correlation with clinical and X-ray examinations. METHODS All the patients and controls underwent clinical examination, X-ray and ultrasonography (US) evaluations of the hands and wrists. Forty-five SSc patients all of whom satisfied the ACR criteria and 45 controls-15 patients with RA, 15 patients with FM syndrome and 15 healthy subjects were assessed. US was performed by a General Electric Logiq-5 PRO using a 7-12 MHz linear array transducer. RESULTS Joint effusion was found in 22 (49%) SSc patients; synovial proliferation in 19 (42%), which was associated with a power Doppler signal in 11 of them; marginal bone erosions in 5 (11%); joint space narrowing in 8 (18%); periarticular calcinosis in 12 (27%); and osteophytosis in 26 (59%). In SSc patients, the prevalence of synovitis as detected by US (i.e. effusion and/or synovial proliferation) was found to be significantly higher than that found by clinical examination (i.e. tenderness and/or swelling) (26 vs 15 out of 45 cases; P = 0.03). US indicated a significantly higher number of joints with osteophytes than X-rays (59 vs 27%; P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our study depicts the main sonographic abnormalities of the SSc hand. Using US, we found an unexpectedly high prevalence of joint pathology in SSc without clinically involved hands. The clinical usefulness of US in the assessment of SSc articular involvement either in clinical practice or in therapeutic trials is yet to be defined.
DSM‐5 and the ‘Psychosis Risk Syndrome’: The DSM‐5 proposal is better than DSM‐IV

The American Psychiatric Association is considering the inclusion of the psychosis risk syndrome as a new diagnosis for DSM‐5. The main evidence supporting inclusion is: (1) the patients meet criteria for having a current illness, (2) the patients are at high risk for becoming more severely ill, (3) no DSM‐IV diagnosis accurately captures their current symptoms or future risk, (4) the diagnosis is reliable and valid, at least in the research setting, and (5) codification in DSM‐5 will promote treatment and prevention research of sufficient quantity and quality to permit the development of treatment guidelines. Field trials are needed to determine whether the proposed diagnostic criteria can be used with reliability in actual clinical practice.
Efficacy in Technology-Mediated Distributed Teams

The concept of collective efficacy within virtual teams has yet to be studied. This study developed and rigorously validated a domain-specific measure of collective efficacy, entitled virtual team efficacy, within a comprehensive research framework. Over a two-year period we collected field study data from multiple samples of information systems project teams—in all, 52 virtual teams comprising 318 students from the United States, Great Britain, and Hong Kong. As we hypothesized, group potency and computer collective efficacy act as antecedents to virtual team efficacy, and virtual team efficacy is in turn predictive of perceptual and objective measures of performance. Further, consistent with efficacy theory, we also find that virtual team efficacy acts on performance outcomes through specific mediating processes. This paper contributes to the academic and practitioner communities by providing a comprehensive model of virtual team efficacy and performance and by providing validated instrumentation that can be immediately applied during further research in this area.
A theoretical and experimental dissociation of two models of decision-making

La prise de decision est un processus computationnel fondamental dans de nombreux aspects du comportement animal. Le modele le plus souvent rencontre dans les etudes portant sur la prise de decision est appele modele de diffusion. Depuis longtemps, il explique une grande variete de donnees comportementales et neurophysiologiques dans ce domaine. Cependant, un autre modele, le modele d’urgence, explique tout aussi bien ces memes donnees et ce de facon parcimonieuse et davantage encree sur la theorie. Dans ce travail, nous aborderons tout d’abord les origines et le developpement du modele de diffusion et nous verrons comment il a ete etabli en tant que cadre de travail pour l’interpretation de la plupart des donnees experimentales liees a la prise de decision. Ce faisant, nous releveront ses points forts afin de le comparer ensuite de maniere objective et rigoureuse a des modeles alternatifs. Nous reexaminerons un nombre d’assomptions implicites et explicites faites par ce modele et nous mettrons alors l’accent sur certains de ses defauts. Cette analyse servira de cadre a notre introduction et notre discussion du modele d’urgence. Enfin, nous presenterons une experience dont la methodologie permet de dissocier les deux modeles, et dont les resultats illustrent les limites empiriques et theoriques du modele de diffusion et demontrent en revanche clairement la validite du modele d'urgence. Nous terminerons en discutant l'apport potentiel du modele d'urgence pour l'etude de certaines pathologies cerebrales, en mettant l'accent sur de nouvelles perspectives de recherche.
Injuries during leisure physical activity in a Swedish municipality

The objective of this study was to provide an epidemiologic basis for planning community programmes preventing injuries during leisure physical activity, especially participation in sports. A total population survey of unintentional injuries was carried out in an area with a population of over 41,000. All sports injuries (n = 933) occurring within a 12-month period and requiring medical care were noted, giving a ratio of 22.5 per 1000 inhabitants. The majority of the injuries occurred in soccer (38.9%), followed by injuries in basketball/volleyball/handball (10.9%), and bandy/hockey (9.2%). The results correspond to previous studies in southern Scandinavia. In northern communities, the proportion of injuries in winter sports has been shown to be higher. Identification of these similarities and differences between the studies makes it possible to use the findings together in the design of general community-based sports injury prevention programmes suited to northern European conditions.
Limb Salvage after Infrapopliteal Angioplasty for Critical Limb Ischemia in Surgically High-Risk Patients in Iran

INTRODUCTION: Surgical bypass for the treatment of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease is a suboptimal option in high-risk surgical patients or patients with limited life expectancy. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is an alternative in such patients; however, the results of this approach have not been wellstudied in our region. This study evaluated the results of infrapopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and/or stenting for critical limb ischemia (CLI) due to peripheral arterial disease of lower limbs in surgically high-risk patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in four medical centers in Iran, from May 2006 to September 2009. Patients with CLI (Rutherford category 4-6), multiple twovessel lesions, ankle-brachial index (ABI) of less than 0.05, high surgical risk category, and a follow-up of > 1 year after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty were included. Patients with restenosis of graft lesions, a life expectancy of less than 1 year, or those who were thienopyridine intolerant were excluded. “Limb salvage” was defined as a reduction in stenosis or occlusion to less than 30%. The primary endpoint was limb salvage rate. Survival and patency were evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Sixty patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 60.5±8.4 years (men 73.3%, diabetes mellitus 83.3%, current smoker 33.3%, hypertension 70%) and baseline ABI was 0.51±0.08. Anterior tibial artery (47%) was the most frequently involved blood vessel. A total of 22 stents and 122 balloon angioplasties were used in 98 limbs. “Limb salvage” was achieved in 58 (96.6%) patients immediately after the procedure. One-year salvage rate was 88.3%. Complete ulcer healing was achieved in 64.3% patients, and partial healing was obtained in 26.4%. Only one major procedure-related complication was reported; perforation with post-operative compartment syndrome. Major arterial access site complications (n=3, 5%) included two hematomas and a pseudoaneurysm. One-year survival rate was 96.6%. One-year major amputation rate was 11.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Infrapopliteal angioplasty alone or with stenting is a valuable treatment option for the prevention of amputations in patients with CLI for whom surgical bypass is not an option and in whom the risk of amputation is high. Conflicting Interest: None declared This article has been peer reviewed. Article Submitted on: 24 th April 2011 Article Accepted on: 28 th August 2011 Funding sources: None declared Correspondence to Javad Kojuri Address: Division of Cardiology, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran Email: kojurij@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality with a prevalence of 11.4% to 33.8% in individuals above 60 years of AgE [1, 2] The prevalence of intermittent claudication, a symptom of peripheral arterial atherosclerosis, is estimated to be present in 610% of the elderly population.
Learning to Represent Mechanics via Long-term Extrapolation and Interpolation

While the basic laws of Newtonian mechanics are well understood, explaining a physical scenario still requires manually modeling the problem with suitable equations and associated parameters. In order to adopt such models for artificial intelligence, researchers have handcrafted the relevant states, and then used neural networks to learn the state transitions using simulation runs as training data. Unfortunately, such approaches can be unsuitable for modeling complex real-world scenarios, where manually authoring relevant state spaces tend to be challenging. In this work, we investigate if neural networks can implicitly learn physical states of real-world mechanical processes only based on visual data, and thus enable long-term physical extrapolation. We develop a recurrent neural network architecture for this task and also characterize resultant uncertainties in the form of evolving variance estimates. We evaluate our setup to extrapolate motion of a rolling ball on bowl of varying shape and orientation using only images as input, and report competitive results with approaches that assume access to internal physics models and parameters.