Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usage of data mining techniques in predicting the heart diseases — Naïve Bayes & decision tree

Heart disease is the leading cause of death among all other diseases, even cancers. The number of men & women facing heart disease is on a raise each year. This prompts for its early diagnosis & treatment. Due to lack of resources in the medical field, the prediction of heart disease occasionally may be a problem. Utilization of suitable technology support in this regard can prove to be highly beneficial to the medical fraternity & patients. This issue can be resolved by adopting Data mining techniques. This paper intends to adopt Naïve Bayes & Decision tree — two data mining techniques for the effective prediction of Heart disease. It compares the efficiency & accuracy of the two techniques to decide among them the best.
Customer Loyalty and the Impacts of Service Quality:The Case of Five Star Hotels in Jordan

In the present Jordan hotels scenario, service quality is a vital competitive policy to keep customer support and build great base. Hotels are trying to win customer loyalty by providing enhanced quality services. This paper attempts to examine the impact of tourism service quality dimension in the Jordanian five star hotels. A total of 322 surveys were administrated to tourists who were staying at three branches Marriott hotel in Jordan. The results show that dimensions of service quality such as empathy, reliability, responsiveness and tangibility significantly predict customer loyalty. Specifically, among the dimension of tourism service quality, the most significant predictor of customer loyalty is tangibility. This paper implies that five star hotels in Jordan should also come forward and try their best to present better tourism service quality to win back their customers' loyalty. Keywords—Tourism, Service Quality, Loyalty, Five Star hotels, Jordan.
Trust and packet load balancing based secure opportunistic routing protocol for WSN

Opportunistic routing in wireless networks has grown the popularity because it utilizes the broadcasting abilities of wireless links. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) also adopted opportunistic routing in recent years. In WSN, most important objectives of the researchers are to maintain the data integrity, availability and reliability with minimum energy consumption. If any WSN user have to achieve all of these objectives than, he has to ensure the security of the network first. Existing cryptographic schemes are not efficient for WSN, because of high energy consumption. This paper presents a new trust and packet load balancing based opportunistic routing (TPBOR) protocol. The proposed protocol is energy efficient and secure by utilizing the trusted nodes in the routing process. Also the proposed protocol balance the overall network traffic and distribute the traffic load equally in the network. The simulation results show that proposed OR protocol has significantly improves the network performance and reduces the end-to-end delays as compared to existing packet load balancing trust based routing protocols for WSN.
A Corpus-based Study of Errors in Chinese English Majors’ English Writing

On the basis of the corpus of English Majors’ Composition of Ludong University (EMC corpus), this thesis analyzes the errors in Chinese English Majors’ English writing and the reasons resulting in the errors. The research reveals that in the EMC corpus the proportion of “grammatical errors” ranks the highest, followed by “wrong usage”, “syntactic errors” and “errors of discourse constructions and content”; with the increasing time of learning, learners’ language proficiency has improved and is reflected by their error rate which has been decreasing year by year. Concerning the errors in English writing, this thesis proposes some corresponding strategies to reduce errors and improve the teaching of English writing.
Bank Capital Requirements: A Quantitative Analysis

This paper examines the welfare implications of bank capital requirements in a general equilibrium model in which a dynamic banking sector endogenously determines aggregate growth. Due to government bailouts, banks engage in risk-shifting, thereby depressing investment efficiency; furthermore, they over-lever, causing fragility in the financial sector. Capital regulation can address these distortions and has a first-order effect on both growth and welfare. In the model, the optimal level of minimum Tier 1 capital requirement is 8%, greater than that prescribed by both Basel II and III. Increasing bank capital requirements can produce welfare gains greater than 1% of lifetime consumption.
Treatment compliance of working persons to high-dose antimuscarinic therapies: a randomized trial

Aim: The aim of this work was to study the factors affecting the stability of working patients in antimuscarinic (AM) drug treatment. Background: The prevalence of urge urinary incontinence (UUI) is an average of between 8.2% and 16.0% of the population. UUI is a condition that adversely affects the health-related quality of life. The first-line therapy in managing UUI is AM treatment. Methods: In 1006 patients between 18 and 60 years old (627 women, 379 men, mean age 69.4) who received AM treatment for one year, the possible demographic, socioeconomic and health factors influencing compliance were studied. Also, the functional state of the lower urinary tract (LUT) was studied in this randomized, prospective survey. The study instruments were the documents of employers, tax offices, outpatient records, OABq-SF (overactive bladder - short form) questionnaires, MOS SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study short form-36), voiding charts, and uroflowmetry data. Results: The compliance to AM treatment within 6 months was retained in 49.5% patients; during the year, in 32.3% of patients. The average time for reaching the 30-day break in taking trospium was 194 days. In the course of the experiment it was revealed that compliance to AM treatment was significantly higher in patients taking solifenacin and trospium in high dosages (p ⩽ 0.01, p ⩽ 0.05), suffering from severe symptoms of urgency (p ⩽ 0.01), and having a low level of side effects (p ⩽ 0.01). A satisfactory level of compliance is characteristic of patients with a high level of monthly and annual income (p ⩽ 0.01, p ⩽ 0.01), a low percentage of expenses to AM (p ⩽ 0.05), and rarely changing employers (p ⩽ 0.05). In addition, the compliance to treatment is higher in older adults (p ⩽ 0.05), living in the urban district (p ⩽ 0.01), and working in educational (p ⩽ 0.05) and health (p ⩽ 0.01) institutions, having a high level of the indices of Social Functioning (p ⩽ 0.05), Role-Emotional (p ⩽ 0.05), and Mental Health (p ⩽ 0.01). Conclusion: As a result of this study, under the control of the objective functional state of LUT, the influence of various factors on the patients’ stability in the treatment with AM drugs was revealed.
Prevalence of insomnia‐related symptoms continues to increase in the Finnish working‐age population

In 2008, we published epidemiological data from 1972 to 2005 that suggested an increase in insomnia‐related symptoms among the working‐age population. The results were based on the National FINRISK (FR) Study samples of the Finnish adult population aged 25–64, and on the Finnish Quality of Work Life Surveys (FQWLS), carried out among Finnish salary earners. Both of these ongoing studies have since provided two new estimates of insomnia‐related symptoms. Chronic insomnia‐related symptoms were 9.0% (95% CI 8.3–9.7), 9.6% (95% CI 8.8–10.4) in FR 2007 and 2012, respectively; and 9.1% (95% CI 8.3–10.0), 9.2% (95% CI 8.4–10.1) in FQWLS 2008 and 2013, respectively. Occasional insomnia‐related symptoms were 45.3% (95% CI 44.1–46.6), 42.5% (95% CI 41.1–43.9) in FR 2007 and 2012, respectively; and 40.3% (95% CI 38.8–41.7), 44.8% (95% CI 41.1–43.9) in FQWLS 2008 and 2013, respectively. The new estimates further strengthen the interpretation of the ongoing increase in occasional insomnia‐related symptoms among the Finnish general adult population. The increase in occasional symptoms was most prominent among employees. However, chronic insomnia symptoms showed no further increase.
On the Existence and Prevention of Asset Price Bubbles

We develop a model of rational bubbles based on the assumptions of unknown market liquidity and limited liability of traders. In a bubble, the price of an asset rises dynamically above its steady-state value, justified by rational expectations about future price developments. The larger the expected future price increase, the more likely it is that the bubble will burst because market liquidity becomes exhausted. Depending on the interactions between uncertainty about market liquidity, fundamental riskiness of the asset, the compensation scheme of the fund manager, and the risk-free interest rate, we give a condition for whether rational bubbles are possible. Based on this analysis, we discuss several widely-discussed policy measures with respect to their effectiveness in preventing bubbles. A reduction of manager bonuses or a Tobin tax can create or eliminate the possibility of bubbles, depending on their implementation. Monetary policy and long-term compensation schemes can prevent bubbles.
The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus – from bench to bedside

The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) entails a complex interaction between the different arms of the immune system. While autoantibodies production and immune complex deposition are cornered as hallmark features of SLE, there is growing evidence to propose the pathogenic role of cytokines in this disease. Examples of these cytokines include BLys, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐17, interleukin‐18, type I interferons and tumour necrosis factor alpha. These cytokines all assume pivotal functions to orchestrate the differentiation, maturation and activation of various cell types, which would mediate local inflammatory process and tissue injury. The knowledge on these cytokines not only fosters our understanding of the disease, but also provides insights in devising biomarkers and targeted therapies. In this review, we focus on cytokines which have substantial pathogenic significance and also highlight the possible clinical applications of these cytokines.
Proliferation of prostate cancer cells and activity of neutral endopeptidase is regulated by bombesin and IL‐1β with IL‐1β acting as a modulator of cellular differentiation

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is a cell‐surface bound enzyme that cleaves and inactivates neuropeptides such as bombesin and substance P and is involved in the transition from hormonally regulated androgen‐dependent prostate cancer (PC) to androgen‐independent PC. Neuropeptides are implicated in growth regulation of different cell types and function as transmitters between the neuroendocrine and the immune system.
Isotypic profiles of antibody responses to Toxoplasma gondii infection in rats and mice: kinetic study and characterization of target antigens of immunoglobulin A antibodies

The antibody responses to Toxoplasma gondii were investigated in rat and mouse experimental models. The immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody response was of particular interest because acquisition of Toxoplasma gondii is usually by the oral route. The rat model was used because the natural resistance of rats to the parasite is similar to the natural resistance exhibited by adult humans. There was an early and simultaneous rise in IgA and IgM antibody responses. The IgA antibody response was maximal around day 40. IgA antibodies from Fischer rats were mainly directed against soluble and membrane antigens of 28.5, 29, 30, 35, and 38 kilodaltons (kDa). In mice, however, a major antigen of 29 kDa was recognized by IgA antibodies. Moreover, in orally infected rats, an intense IgE antibody response against the major surface antigen, P30, was observed. An IgA antibody response was also observed in rats and mice immunized with Toxoplasma excreted-secreted antigens, even without adjuvant. This response was mainly directed against 28.5- and 34-kDa antigens in rats. Serum IgA from infected rats tested against the excreted-secreted antigens bound to 28.5- 34-, and 39-kDa antigens, whereas sera from infected mice recognized only the 34-kDa antigen.
Neuronal Metabolism of Branched‐Chain Amino Acids: Flux Through the Aminotransferase Pathway in Synaptosomes

Abstract: The metabolism of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) was studied in cortical synaptosomes. With [15N]leucine (1 mM) as precursor, the cumulative appearance of 15N in [15N]glutamate and [15N]aspartate was 0.2 nmol/min/mg of protein without supplemental α‐ketoglutarate and 0.3 nmol/min/mg of protein in the presence of α‐ketoglutarate (0.5 mM). The BCAA aminotransferase reaction also proceeded in the “reverse” direction [α‐ketoisocaproate (KIC) + glutamate → leucine + α‐ketoglutarate]. This was documented by incubating synaptosomes with [15N]glutamate and measuring the formation of [15N]leucine. Without KIC in the medium, the rate of [15N]leucine production was 0.13 nmol/min/mg of protein. In the presence of 25 µM KIC the rate was 0.79 nmol/min/mg of protein and even greater (1.0 nmol/min/mg of protein) in the presence of 500 µM KIC. The reamination of KIC was two‐ to threefold faster with [2‐15N]glutamine as precursor compared with [15N]glutamate. The ketoacid of valine, α‐ketoisovalerate (KIV), was reaminated to [15N]valine at a rate comparable to that observed with respect to KIC. The BCAA transaminase mediated not only the bidirectional transfer of amino groups between leucine or valine and glutamate, but also the direct transfer of nitrogen between leucine and valine. This was ascertained in studies in which the incubation medium was supplemented with either [15N]leucine and KIV or [15N]valine and KIC (amino acids at 1 mM and ketoacids at 25 or 500 µM). The rate was faster in the direction of leucine formation at both the lower (6.1‐fold) and higher (1.7‐fold) KIC concentration. It is suggested that in synaptosomes the BCAA transaminase (a) functions predominantly in the direction of leucine formation and (b) maintains a constant ratio of BCAAs and ketoacids to one other.
XBRL: A New Global Paradigm for Business Financial Reporting

Ranked as one of top ten technologies for accounting and auditing professionals, eXtensible Business Reporting Language XBRL is a freely available, open, and global standard language for exchanging business financial information digitally. XBRL holds the greatest promise for building a global standard that is pledged to enhance the accuracy, reliability, efficiency, accessibility and availability of electronic communication of business financial data. This paper sets out to provide a review of literature to lend insights into our understanding of XBRL adoption, implementation, and value realization assessment. A comprehensive review uncovers four sub-themes of research in XBRL adoption: perceived benefits of XBRL adoption; organizational readiness; external pressure; and XBRL adoption. Research challenges for future research are highlighted.
Identification of differentially expressed genes by serial analysis of gene expression in human prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in American males. To better understand the genetic bases of this disease, we have generated a comprehensive molecular profile of human prostate. The gene expression pattern in normal and prostate cancer tissues was analyzed by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). A total of 133,217 transcripts were analyzed, and 35,185 distinct SAGE tags were identified representing 19,287 genes. Comparison of the transcripts in normal and tumor tissue revealed 156 differentially expressed genes (P < 0.05), of which 88 genes were up-regulated and 68 genes were down-regulated in the tumor tissue. Based on SAGE data, we estimate that the transcriptome for human prostate is approximately 37,000. Several differentially expressed genes identified by SAGE were selected for confirmation using immunohistochemistry. Some genes (e.g., E2F4) were overexpressed in tumor epithelial cells and some (e.g., Daxx) were increased in tumor stroma. Further characterization of the role of E2F4 and Daxx as well as other differentially expressed genes may provide useful insights into the mechanism of prostate cancer development.
Sensitization to MDMA locomotor effects and changes in the functionality of 5-HT2A and D2 receptors in mice

The behavioral and neurochemical adaptations related to chronic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) treatment are largely unknown. In this study, we assessed whether repeated administration of MDMA would induce (a) context-dependent locomotor sensitization in mice and (b) changes in serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptor functionality as measured by [35S]GTP&ggr;S binding. Mice were treated with MDMA (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline every other day for 11 days either in their home cages or in the environment where locomotor activity was measured. After a 10-day withdrawal period, mice were challenged with MDMA (5 and 10 mg/kg) and saline before locomotor activity measurements. During repeated MDMA treatment, locomotion was progressively enhanced, indicating the development of behavioral sensitization. The MDMA challenge at a dose of 5 mg/kg increased locomotor activity to a greater extent in mice pretreated with MDMA in the testing apparatus than in mice pretreated in the home cages, revealing that contextual cues paired with repeated drug exposure can enhance the expression of behavioral sensitization to MDMA. In contrast, a challenge administration of MDMA at 10 mg/kg induced similar locomotor sensitization in mice pretreated in both environments. An increase in the functionality of cortical 5-HT2A receptors was observed in mice pretreated with MDMA compared with mice pretreated with saline, but this activation was significantly greater in mice pretreated in the locomotor environment. In contrast, the functional activity of striatal D2 receptors was significantly decreased only in mice pretreated with MDMA in the testing apparatus. These results reveal neuroadaptations in cortical 5-HT2A and striatal D2 receptors after MDMA-induced behavioral sensitization in mice.
Molecular insights into Cassava brown streak virus susceptibility and resistance by profiling of the early host response

Summary Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) are responsible for significant cassava yield losses in eastern sub‐Saharan Africa. To study the possible mechanisms of plant resistance to CBSVs, we inoculated CBSV‐susceptible and CBSV‐resistant cassava varieties with a mixed infection of CBSVs using top‐cleft grafting. Transcriptome profiling of the two cassava varieties was performed at the earliest time point of full infection (28 days after grafting) in the susceptible scions. The expression of genes encoding proteins in RNA silencing, salicylic acid pathways and callose deposition was altered in the susceptible cassava variety, but transcriptional changes were limited in the resistant variety. In total, the expression of 585 genes was altered in the resistant variety and 1292 in the susceptible variety. Transcriptional changes led to the activation of β‐1,3‐glucanase enzymatic activity and a reduction in callose deposition in the susceptible cassava variety. Time course analysis also showed that CBSV replication in susceptible cassava induced a strong up‐regulation of RDR1, a gene previously reported to be a susceptibility factor in other potyvirus–host pathosystems. The differences in the transcriptional responses to CBSV infection indicated that susceptibility involves the restriction of callose deposition at plasmodesmata. Aniline blue staining of callose deposits also indicated that the resistant variety displays a moderate, but significant, increase in callose deposition at the plasmodesmata. Transcriptome data suggested that resistance does not involve typical antiviral defence responses (i.e. RNA silencing and salicylic acid). A meta‐analysis of the current RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) dataset and selected potyvirus–host and virus–cassava RNA‐seq datasets revealed that the conservation of the host response across pathosystems is restricted to genes involved in developmental processes.
Effective Treatment of Bladder Tumor-Bearing Mice by Direct Delivery of Bleomycin Using Electrochemotherapy

We investigated the cytotoxicity on the combination of bleomycin (BLM) with electric pulses against transplanted bladder tumors in nude mice. Loading with high-voltage electric pulse after injection of BLM was associated with a decrease in tumor size; tumor size became smaller and disappeared 8 days after the treatment. Such complete regression was achieved with one treatment using BLM of one-tenth the lethal dose (LD 50) combined with electric pulses. On day 20, regrowth was observed at a much slower rate than at lower concentrations of BLM. Pathological examinations of the tumor tissues after treatment revealed disruption of the nucleus in the exposed tissues on day 2. Furthermore, a decrease in number of the stained nuclei and cytoplasmic lysis were observed on day 4. These results showed that electric pulses was an effective tool to deliver drugs into bladder tumor cells and an effective treatment method for bladder tumors.
Induced maturation of frog mast cells by nerve growth factor during ontogenesis

The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on ontogenesis of frog mast cells was investigated in vivo by histochemical, morphometric, and ultrastructural analysis. Three groups of tadpoles at various stages of development were used. In the first group, the larvae received i.p. injections of 1 ng NGF/g; the second group received 10 ng NGF/g, while the control group received only the vehicle. The first recognizable mast cells arose symmetrically in the tongue at stage 26 of Witschi's standard table. At stages 26 and 29, the mast cell number in the NGF‐injected tadpoles was significantly higher than the control group. From stage 29 onward, the mast cell number rapidly increased in all groups. No significant differences in mast cell number were observed between the control group and the NGF‐injected groups at stages 31 and 33. Electron microscopy revealed that at metamorphic climax (stage 33), the mast cells in the NGF‐treated groups were more mature than those in the control group. Therefore, nerve growth factor at early stages of tadpole development is likely to induce differentiation of mast cell precursors, while at later stages it is likely to induce maturation of immature mast cells. The close anatomical association between mast cells and perineurium, observed during nerve development, is intriguing. Already in the early stages of nerve development, the mast cells form a network around Schwann cell–axon complexes, together with the perineurial cells. At climax, the mast cells are located between the perineurial layers, suggesting that they may play a role in the tissue‐nerve barrier of the perineurium. Nerve growth factor also seems to induce perineurial cell maturation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 62:439–450, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of commercial neem-based insecticide, Nimbicidine ® against eggs of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

The efficacy of different concentrations of the commercial neem-based insecticide, Nimbicidine ® was evaluated against the eggs of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). The insecticide significantly inhibited the hatching, pupation and adult emergence of the beetle. The latent effects of Nimbicidine ® on the next generation progenies were expressed by significant reductions in the growth of larvae, pupation and adult emergence coupled with lengthened developmental period, but the sex ratio was unaffected. Key words: Tribolium castaneum , Azadirachtin, hatching, pupation, adult emergence, growth and development, sex ratio Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol.25 2006 p.51-55