Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Dominance - How to Properly Compare Deep Neural Models

Comparing between Deep Neural Network (DNN) models based on their performance on unseen data is crucial for the progress of the NLP field. However, these models have a large number of hyper-parameters and, being non-convex, their convergence point depends on the random values chosen at initialization and during training. Proper DNN comparison hence requires a comparison between their empirical score distributions on unseen data, rather than between single evaluation scores as is standard for more simple, convex models. In this paper, we propose to adapt to this problem a recently proposed test for the Almost Stochastic Dominance relation between two distributions. We define the criteria for a high quality comparison method between DNNs, and show, both theoretically and through analysis of extensive experimental results with leading DNN models for sequence tagging tasks, that the proposed test meets all criteria while previously proposed methods fail to do so. We hope the test we propose here will set a new working practice in the NLP community.
Notes on the use of R for psychology experiments and questionnaires

2 A few useful concepts and commands 2 2.1 Concepts . 2 2.2 Commands . 2 2.2.1 Getting help . 2 2.2.2 Installing packages . 3 2.2. 3 Assignment, logic, and arithmetic . 3 2.2. 4 Vectors, matrices, lists, arrays, and data frames . 4 2.2. 5 String functions . 5 2.2. 6 Loading and saving . 5 2.2. 7 Dealing with objects . 6 2.2. 8 Summaries and calculations by row, column, or group . 6 2.2. 9 Functions and debugging . 6
COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS OF A 2009 IECC CODE- COMPLIANT HOUSE USING IC3 (Ver.3.12.1), REM/Rate (Ver.13.00), EnergyGauge (Ver. 2.8.05) and ResCHECK (Ver. 4.4.3.1)

Disclaimer This report is provided by the Texas Engineering Experiment Station (TEES). The information provided in this report is intended to be the best available information at the time of publication. TEES makes no claim or warranty, express or implied that the report or data herein is necessarily error-free. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Energy Systems Laboratory or any of its employees. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the Texas Engineering Experiment Station or the Energy Systems Laboratory. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Jong-Hyo Choi and Ivonne Macouzet of the Energy Systems Laboratory for their assistance in preparing this report. The analysis was conducted for Houston, Dallas and Amarillo-the three cities which represent Climate Zone 2, Climate Zone 3 and Climate Zone 4 in Texas. The analysis was conducted in two parts:-The site energy consumption from the 2009 IECC compliant Standard Reference houses obtained from the REM/Rate, IC3 and EnergyGauge programs was compared 1-Specific parameters were chosen for analysis, which included: size of the house, window area, wall insulation, ceiling insulation, window SHGC and window U-value. The values of these parameters were varied individually and the source energy for heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW) heating of the 2009 IECC compliant Proposed Design house was compared. The percent above / below the 2009 IECC Standard Reference house was documented Results from the first step of analysis indicate that for Climate Zones 2 and 3, the base-case house modeled in REM/Rate is more consumptive that a corresponding base-case house modeled in IC3 and Energy Gauge. This difference in results is primarily due to a difference in space heating energy consumption. This implies that the code house in REM/Rate is less sensitive than the code house in IC3. Hence, it is potentially more stringent than the corresponding Standard Reference house designed in IC3. On the other hand, in Climate Zone 4, the base-case house modeled in REM/Rate is less consumptive than the corresponding base-case house modeled in IC3 and EnergyGauge. This is primarily due to the reduced heating energy consumption. It was also observed that in general, the results from EnergyGauge and IC3 were similar for all three climate zones. Results from the second step …
Sign language varieties of Indonesia : a linguistic and sociolinguistic investigation

Until now there has been no robust (socio)linguistic documentation of urban sign language varieties in Indonesia, and given the size of the Indonesian archipelago, it might be expected that these varieties are very different from each other. In this kind of situation, sign linguists have often applied lexicostatistical methods, but two such studies in Indonesia have recently produced contradictory results. Instead, this investigation uses conceptual and methodological approaches from linguistic typology and Variationist Sociolinguistics, contextualised by a sociohistorical account of the Indonesian sign community. The grammatical domains of completion and negation are analysed using a corpus of spontaneous data from two urban centres, Solo and Makassar. Four completive particles occur in both varieties, alongside clitics and the expression of completion through mouthings alone. The realisations of two variables, one lexical and one grammatical, are predicted by factors including the syntactic and functional properties of the variant, and younger Solonese signers are found to favour completive clitics. The reasons for intra-individual persistence and variation are also discussed. Negation is expressed through particles, clitics, suppletives, and the simultaneous mouthing of predicates with negative particles. These paradigmatic variants occur in both varieties, with small differences in the sets of particles and suppletives for each variety. The realisations of four variables are found to be conditioned by factors including predicate type, sub-function, and the use of constructed dialogue. The gender of the signer is found to correlate with the syntactic order of negative and predicate; younger Solonese signers are also found to favour negative clitics and suppletives. The similarities revealed between the Solo and Makassar varieties are discussed with reference to the history of contact between sign sub-communities across the archipelago. The investigation concludes with a discussion of factors that favour and disfavour the convergence of urban sign language varieties.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO PARAMETERIZED COMPLEXITY

This thesis is presented in two parts. In Part One we concentrate on algorithmic aspects of parameterized complexity. We explore ways in which the concepts and algorithmic techniques of parameterized complexity can be fruitfully brought to bear on a (classically) well-studied problem area, that of scheduling problems modelled on partial orderings. We develop efficient and constructive algorithms for parameterized versions of some classically intractable scheduling problems. We demonstrate how different parameterizations can shatter a classical problem into both tractable and (likely) intractable versions in the parameterized setting; thus providing a roadmap to efficiently computable restrictions of the original problem. We investigate the effects of using width metrics as restrictions in the setting of online presentations. The online nature of scheduling problems seems to be ubiquitous, and online situations often give rise to input patterns that seem to naturally conform to restricted width metrics. However, so far, these ideas from topological graph theory and parameterized complexity do not seem to have penetrated into the online algorithm community. Some of the material that we present in Part One has been published in [52] and [77]. In Part Two we are oriented more towards structural aspects of parameterized complexity. Parameterized complexity has, so far, been largely confined to consideration of computational problems as decision or search problems. We introduce a general framework in which one may consider parameterized counting problems, extending the framework developed by Downey and Fellows for decision problems. As well as introducing basic definitions for tractability and the notion of a parameterized counting reduction, we also define a basic hardness class, #W [1], the
Maintenance of peripheral venous access and its impact on the development of phlebitis: a survey of 186 catheters in a general surgery department in Portugal.

: This article reports the results of a clinical audit conducted to assess the minimum requirements for safe maintenance of peripheral intravenous catheters. The audit also determined the incidence of phlebitis and attempted to establish a causal relationship between some of the variables used to assess a catheter's maintenance status and the development of phlebitis.
Results of the WMT15 Metrics Shared Task

This paper presents the results of the WMT15 Metrics Shared Task. We asked participants of this task to score the outputs of the MT systems involved in the WMT15 Shared Translation Task. We collected scores of 46 metrics from 11 research groups. In addition to that, we computed scores of 7 standard metrics (BLEU, SentBLEU, NIST, WER, PER, TER and CDER) as baselines. The collected scores were evaluated in terms of system level correlation (how well each metric’s scores correlate with WMT15 official manual ranking of systems) and in terms of segment level correlation (how often a metric agrees with humans in comparing two translations of a particular sentence).
Dynamics of the Amari-Takeuchi competitive learning model

A rigorous analysis of an analog version of the Amari-Takeuchi (1978) theory of self-organization of category detecting nerve cells is given. Convergence of the learning is proven by constructing a Lyapunov function for the learning dynamics in a convenient set of coordinates. This function has separate terms reflecting the Hebbian learning and lateral inhibition components of the theory. This facilitates a theoretic characterization of the categories formed by the model. Also proposed is a different network interpretation of the equations, with the outputs implicit functions of the inputs. <<ETX>>
Raumluftqualität in Schulen - Belastung von Klassenräumen mit Kohlendioxid (CO2), flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOC), Aldehyden, Endotoxinen und Katzenallergenen

Children are assumed to be more vulnerable to health hazards and spend a large part of their time in schools. To assess the exposure situation in this microenvironment, we evaluated the indoor air quality in winter 2004/5 in 92 classrooms, and in 75 classrooms in summer 2005 in south Bavaria, Germany. Indoor air climate parameters (temperature, relative humidity), carbon dioxide (CO2) and various volatile organic compounds, aldehydes and ketones were measured. Additionally, cat allergen (Fel d1) and endotoxin (LAL-test) were analysed in the settled dust of school rooms. Data on room and building characteristics were collected by use of a standardised form. Only data collected during teaching hours were considered in analysis. The median indoor CO2 concentration in the classrooms ranged in the winter and summer period from 598 to 4 172 ppm and 480 to 1 875 ppm, respectively. While during the winter period in 92% of the classrooms the CO2 daily medians went above 1 000 ppm, the percentage of classrooms with increased CO2 concentration fell to 28% in summer. In winter, in 60% of classes the daily median CO2 concentration exceeded 1 500 ppm, while in summer this threshold was reached by only 9%. A high concentration of CO2 was associated with a high number of pupils, a low room surface area and a low room volume. The levels of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in classrooms ranged between 110 and 1 000 microg/m3 (median in winter 345 microg/m3, in summer 260 microg/m3). Acetone, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were measured in concentrations from 14.0 to 911 microg/m3, from 3.1 to 46.1 microg/m3, and from 2.9 to 78 microg/m3, respectively. The other aldehydes were detected in minor amounts only. The median Fel d1 level in winter was 485 ng/g dust (20 to 45 160 ng/g) and in summer it was 417 ng/g (40-7 470 ng/g). We observed no marked differences between the two sampling periods and between smooth floors and rooms with carpeted floors. No differences were found according to room surface area and room volume. The median endotoxin contents in winter and summer were 19.7 EU/mg dust (6.6 to 154 EU/mg) and 32.2 EU/mg (9.6 to 219 EU/mg), respectively. The levels varied significantly between the sampling periods, but were independent of room surface area, room volume and surface floorings. Overall the results of VOC, aldehydes, ketones and endotoxin indicate, in general, a low exposure level in classrooms. The observed concentrations of cat allergens should be considered as a meaningful exposure route and thus could be tackled within preventive programs.
Analysis, Modeling, and Control of Dynamic Processes in Networks

Author(s): Amelkin, Victor | Advisor(s): Singh, Ambuj K | Abstract: Dynamic network processes have surrounded people for millennia. Information spread through social networks, alliance formation in financial and organizational networks, heat diffusion through material networks, and distributed synchronization in robotic networks are just a few examples. Network processes are studies along three dimensions: analysis of network processes through the data produced by them; designing complex plausible, yet, tractable mathematical models for network processes; and designing control mechanisms that would guide network processes towards desirable evolution patterns. This thesis advances the frontier of knowledge about network processes along each of these three dimensions, emphasizing applications to social networks.The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the design of a method for model-driven analysis of a polar opinion formation process in social networks. The core of the method is a distance measure quantifying the likelihood of a social network's transitioning between different states with respect to a chosen opinion dynamics model characterizing expected evolution of the network's state. I describe how to design such a distance measure relying upon the classical transportation problem, compute it in linear time, and use it in applications.In the second part of the thesis, I focus on designing a model for polar opinion formation in social networks, and define a class of non-linear models that capture the dependence of the users' opinion formation behavior upon the opinions themselves. The obtained models are connected to socio-psychological theories, and their behavior is theoretically analyzed employing tools from non-smooth analysis and a generalization of LaSalle Invariance Principle.The third part of the thesis targets the problem of defense against social control. While the existing socio-psychological theories as well as influence maximization techniques expose the opinion formation process in social networks to external attacks, I propose an algorithm that nullifies the effect of such attacks by strategically recommending a small number of new edges to the network's users. The optimization problem underlying the algorithm is NP-hard, and I provide a pseudo-linear time heuristic---drawing upon the theory of Markov chains---that solves the problem approximately and performs well in experiments.
Suitability and Contribution of Agile Methods in Mobile Software Development

Boom of mobile app market is phenomenal and so are the challenges for developing these mobile applications. With changing mobile market technology and trends, various technical constraints for building these mobile apps also cropped up with time. Tradition development approaches are unable to tackle these challenges and technical limitations of mobile market. Analyzing this situation researchers have proposed numerous agile practices to develop people oriented mobile app which embrace their changing needs. This paper provides a brief overview of some effective and commonly used agile approaches that adds value to mobile software business. Suitability of these approaches to fit mobile needs is also discussed in this paper. It is suggested that agile innovations offer a solution for mobile applications and examine developer who are in quest of building high quality products. Index Terms—Agile Methodology, Mobile app Development, Mobile-D, RaPiD7, MASAM, SleSS.
Mobile Assisted Language Learning English Pronunciation at Learners Fingertips

Problem Statement: The study of pronunciation had been a relatively neglected issue in the foreign/second language acquisition literature. Likewise, in classroom contexts, pronunciation has received less attention as compared to the other language components and skills with the belief that it is peripheral to successful communication. Yet, there is a recent revival of interest in pronunciation research. The literature on foreign/second language acquisition highlights that in general in-class activities are not sufficient for effective language learning and that learners should also have input and output opportunities outside the classroom. This holds true for learning pronunciation as the literature suggests that just classroom instruction has a negligible impact on oral production of learners. With their widespread use and their features such as mobility, localization, and personalization, mobile phones offer a great potential for out-of-class learning. Yet, there is scarce research on the use of mobile phones in language learning contexts nor any on using mobile phones to improve learners' pronunciation. This study is aimed to make a significant contribution to the literature in these respects. Purpose of the Study: The major aim of this study was to investigate the potentials and effectiveness of using mobile phones in foreign language education. In particular, the effects of using multimedia messages via mobile phones for improving language learners' pronunciation of words were explored. Methods: A mixed method approach involving both quantitative and qualitative components was employed in this study. The quantitative part
Generalized Tuning of Distributional Word Vectors for Monolingual and Cross-Lingual Lexical Entailment

Lexical entailment (LE; also known as hyponymy-hypernymy or is-a relation) is a core asymmetric lexical relation that supports tasks like taxonomy induction and text generation. In this work, we propose a simple and effective method for fine-tuning distributional word vectors for LE. Our Generalized Lexical ENtailment model (GLEN) is decoupled from the word embedding model and applicable to any distributional vector space. Yet – unlike existing retrofitting models – it captures a general specialization function allowing for LE-tuning of the entire distributional space and not only the vectors of words seen in lexical constraints. Coupled with a multilingual embedding space, GLEN seamlessly enables cross-lingual LE detection. We demonstrate the effectiveness of GLEN in graded LE and report large improvements (over 20% in accuracy) over state-of-the-art in cross-lingual LE detection.
FXLMS vs principal components in On-Blade Control applications.

Among the various approaches to mitigate vibration, On-Blade Control (OBC) embeds actuation mechanisms on the blade in order to modify the vibratory loads at the source and achieve improved vibration reduction than conventional Higher Harmonic Control. Recent OBC studies consider state-of-the-art optimisation methods, more suitable for off-line implementations. This paper considers instead the use of two recursive methods to account for practical barriers such as computational limitations of the embedded systems and estimation errors. The considered algorithms in this study are FXLMS and Principal Components. The analysis shows that they can perform well in practice under considerable practical limitations and also discuss their benefits and disadvantages for OBC applications. A nominal stability analysis is provided and its advantages include intervals of the tuning controller parameters which guarantee nominal stability. The control algorithms and stability analysis are applied to a vibration reduction simulation example.
Designing a transit priority network under variable demand

ABSTRACT While transit exclusive lanes are statically introduced for an entire day (or for the peak period), the total number and distribution of trips vary from one hour to another during a day. In this study, a Transit Priority Network Design Problem (TPNDP) under variable demand has been formulated by a bi-level robust optimization approach. At the upper level, a non-linear mathematical program is adapted to find the optimum set of exclusive bus lanes at the network level such that the total travel time as well as its hourly variation is minimized and at the lower level, a four-step demand model is applied. The results show the importance of considering the hourly travel demand variation in designing a transit priority scheme and how such results can be compared with previous TPNDP models with a fixed demand. The proposed algorithm identifies the location of full time and part-time transit lanes in the network.
Rhetorically Controlled Encoder-Decoder for Modern Chinese Poetry Generation

Rhetoric is a vital element in modern poetry, and plays an essential role in improving its aesthetics. However, to date, it has not been considered in research on automatic poetry generation. In this paper, we propose a rhetorically controlled encoder-decoder for modern Chinese poetry generation. Our model relies on a continuous latent variable as a rhetoric controller to capture various rhetorical patterns in an encoder, and then incorporates rhetoric-based mixtures while generating modern Chinese poetry. For metaphor and personification, an automated evaluation shows that our model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by a substantial margin, while human evaluation shows that our model generates better poems than baseline methods in terms of fluency, coherence, meaningfulness, and rhetorical aesthetics.
Factors affecting the intention to adopt e-government services in Malawi and the role played by donors

Despite many papers written on the adoption of e-government services in developing countries, authors have not approached their articles empirically. For those that have, obvious constructs critical to the development of e-government in developing countries were overlooked. This paper extends the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework with a decomposed theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the technological acceptance model (TAM); it is guided by stimulus-organism-response (SOR) in its attempt to develop a successful model that can be used to study factors affecting the adoption of e-government services in Malawi, while taking into account missed constructs. Donor support was hypothesized to moderate the effect of e-government funding on perceived behavior control. Data were collected from 259 Malawian public servants, and structural equation modeling was used to evaluate factors affecting e-government services adoption. The study reveals that there is a need for the Malawian government to fund e-government projects to reduce over-reliance on donors.
Distilling Discrimination and Generalization Knowledge for Event Detection via Delta-Representation Learning

Event detection systems rely on discrimination knowledge to distinguish ambiguous trigger words and generalization knowledge to detect unseen/sparse trigger words. Current neural event detection approaches focus on trigger-centric representations, which work well on distilling discrimination knowledge, but poorly on learning generalization knowledge. To address this problem, this paper proposes a Delta-learning approach to distill discrimination and generalization knowledge by effectively decoupling, incrementally learning and adaptively fusing event representation. Experiments show that our method significantly outperforms previous approaches on unseen/sparse trigger words, and achieves state-of-the-art performance on both ACE2005 and KBP2017 datasets.