Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of phosphorous acid and pruning height on renovated 'Woodard' rabbiteye blueberry

Phosphorous acid is a fungicide that may have other plant health-inducing properties. A previous study showed greater vigor in blueberry plants treated with phosphorous acid. In the current study, old, low-vigor ‘Woodard’ rabbiteye blueberries were selected for renovation in 2017. The bushes had not been pruned or otherwise managed in several years. To test the hypothesis that adding phosphorous acid treatments (Agri-Fos) to the renovation process would increase plant vigor, three treatments were used: no addition of phosphorous acid, phosphorous acid applied as a drench at renovation pruning plus in the following spring, and drench plus monthly foliar applications of phosphorous acid after renovation pruning and again the following year. Renovation pruning was done at two height treatments on 14 July 2017: bushes were pruned at ground level and at 50 cm resulting in a 2 x 3 factorial. End of season shoot number was significantly different between the 50 cm cut and the ground level cut treatments (35.6 shoots/bush vs. 21.3 shoots/bush, respectively). However, shoot length was significantly greater for the ground cut (80.5 cm) vs. 50 cm cut (72.1 cm). Shoot diameters were not significantly different. Other factors such as first bud push after pruning and crop load rating were not significant. Yields were higher for the 50 cm cut treatment when compared to the ground level prune (318.7 g vs. 58.1 g, respectively) with similar results for average berry weight (1.78 g vs. 1.49 g, respectively). Interestingly, phenological development recordings of flower stage did not differ at stages 2 to 4, but were different in stages 5 and 6. Flower development on bushes in the 50 cm treatment was earlier by nine days at stage 5 and nine days at stage 6 compared to those in the ground cut treatment. There were no significant differences due to phosphorous acid treatments in any data evaluated, nor any significant interactions between phosphorous acid treatment and pruning height treatment. More time may be needed to ascertain any differences among phosphorous acid treatments as its effect may be induced rather than direct. Index words. Agri-Fos, foliar application, fungicide, phenology, renovation
Surface hopping methods for nonadiabatic dynamics in extended systems

The review describes recent method developments toward application of the trajectory surface hopping approach for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of extended systems. Due to the ease of implementation and good balance between efficiency and reliability, surface hopping has become one of the most widely used mixed quantum‐classical methods for studying general charge and exciton dynamics. In extended systems (e.g., aggregates, polymers, surfaces, interfaces, and solids), however, surface hopping suffers from the difficulty to treat complex surface crossings in the adiabatic representation, and thus the relevant applications have been limited in the past years. The latest studies have allowed us to make a systematic classification of the surface crossings and identify their different influence mechanisms on the traditional surface hopping machinery, including problems related to the phase uncertainty correction of adiabatic states, the wave function propagation, the calculation of hopping probabilities, the velocity adjustment after surface hops, and the artificial long‐range population transfer amplified by decoherence corrections. Elegant solutions to each of these problems have enabled us to get fast time step convergence and size independence even for very large systems with different strengths of electron–phonon couplings. Thereby, the recent theoretical progresses have opened the door to simulate the real‐time and real‐space dynamics (e.g., charge separation, recombination, relaxation, and diffusion) in realistic extended systems, and will generate comprehensive understanding to promote the development of many research fields in chemistry, physics, biology, and material sciences in the near future.
Sulfur-linked cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal dimers and the twist-bend nematic phase

ABSTRACT The synthesis and characterisation of two series of cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal dimers containing sulfur links between the spacer and mesogenic units, the 4ʹ-[1,ω-alkanediylbis(thio)]bis-[1,1ʹ-biphenyl]-4-carbonitriles (CBSnSCB), and 4ʹ-({ω-[(4ʹ-cyano[1,1ʹ-biphenyl]-4-yl)oxy]alkyl}thio)[1,1ʹ-biphenyl]-4-carbonitriles (CBSnOCB) are described. The odd members of both series show twist-bend nematic and nematic phases, whereas the even members exhibit only the nematic phase. An analogous cyanoterphenyl-based dimer, 34-{6-[(4ʹ-cyano[1,1ʹ-biphenyl]-4-yl)thio]-hexyl}[11,21:24,31-terphenyl]-14-carbonitrile (CT6SCB), is also reported and shows enantiotropic NTB and N phases. The transitional properties of these dimers are discussed in terms of molecular curvature, flexibility and biaxiality. The same molecular factors also influence the birefringence of nematic phases. Resonant X-ray scattering studies of the twist-bend nematic phase at both the carbon and sulfur absorption edges were performed, which allowed for the determination of critical behaviour of the helical pitch at the transition to the nematic phase, the behaviour was found to be independent of molecular structure. It was also observed that despite the different molecular bending angle and flexibility, in all compounds the helical pitch length far from the N-NTB transition corresponds to 4 longitudinal molecular distances. Graphical Abstract
EFFICIENCY OF SOME BOTANICALS AGAINST Varroa destructor INFESTING HONEYBEE COLONIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON BROOD REARING ACTIVITY AND CLOVER HONEY YIELD

This work is a study to evaluate the effect of some botanicals-based food mixturesadded to sucrose syrup and offered to honeybee colonies on the development of Varroa infestation,brood rearing activity and clover honey yield during 2016/2017. The experiments were performed inthe apiary of Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University. Summarized results are as follow: The rate ofVarroa infestation increased gradually during summer season until recording the highest value inNovember. The food mixture composed of lemon juice + garlic extract reduced significantly the rateof Varroa infestation as compared to the control in all seasons of the year by 37.02-55.40%. Themixtures composed of parnove extract + orange juice and thyme extract + orange juice reducedsignificantly the rate of Varroa infestation during the period extended from February to August,recording the range of 35.82 – 45.47 and 34.78-48.13% reduction, respectively. The highest broodarea (inch2) was recorded during summer season followed closely by that of spring season, whereasthe least activity was noticed in autumn season. The food mixture composed of lemon juice + garlicextract induced the highest brood rearing activity in all seasons of the year. The mixture of parnoveextract + orange juice came in the second class. On the other hand, the mixture composed of thymeextract + orange juice showed the least brood rearing activity, being lower than the control. The meanclover honey yield recorded 5.00, 1.70, 6.50 and 4.00 kg/colony in 2016; 3.90, 2.00, 5.60 and 1.50kg/colony in 2017 which offered the additive mixtures of parnove extract + orange juice, thymeextract + orange juice, lemon juice + garlic extract and sucrose syrup (control), respectively. Therespective two years mean clover honey yield recorded 4.45, 1.85, 6.05 and 2.75 kg/colony.
Using discourse analysis to investigate the influences of instructor facilitation and course materials on student argumentation and conceptual understanding in POGIL physical chemistry classrooms

Claim, evidence, or reasoning about properties of the system which are not directly measurable including enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs energy, work, heat capacity, or heat. Note: Appeals to T, V, etc. when used as variables in a mathematical expression in explaining how one quantity would vary with respect to another would not be considered “macroscopic”; they would be considered symbolic Observation Claim, evidence, or reasoning that relates to experience of a phenomena or observation Definitions and Rules Fundamental description of concept The sub-microscopic level consists of constructs that are too small to be seen with a standard microscope, and are found at the atomic level. At the sub-microscopic level four types of information were observed: sub-atomic, atomic/molecular, multi-particle, and definitions, as detailed in Table 13. Most frequently, students referenced concepts at the multi-particle level when discussing the relative motion and spacing of particles. There were occasional instances in which the class used information about molecular structure or arrangement of sub-atomic particles as
Dissipated electrical power and electron density in an RF atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet

Atmospheric pressure plasmas have great potential, especially for biomedical applications, due to the large number of reactive species produced. In particular with regard to these applications, the comparability of processes through appropriate control of plasma parameters is essential for treatment safety. Here we present a method for the operando determination of absolute absorbed power in an RF atmospheric pressure helium plasma discharge using miniaturized probes. A detailed error analysis demonstrates the reliability of the measured power values. With the help of a global model, the sheath width and electron density (4 × 1016–11 × 1016 m−3) are derived from these power measurements and compared to literature. The results and thus the validity of the electrical model are confirmed by a second, independent characterization method using optical emission spectroscopy and time-averaged imaging.
Educational Achievement of Second�?Generation Immigrants: An International Comparison

This paper investigates the educational achievements of second generation immigrants in several OECD countries in a comparative perspective. We first show that the educational achievement (measured as test scores in PISA achievement tests) of children of immigrants is quite heterogeneous across countries, and strongly related to achievements of the parent generation. The disadvantage considerably reduces, and even disappears for some countries, once we condition on parental background characteristics. Second, we provide novel analysis of cross-country comparisons of test scores of children from the same country of origin, and compare (conditional) achievement scores in home and host countries. The focus is on Turkish immigrants, whom we observe in several destination countries. We investigate both mathematics and reading test scores, and show that the results vary according to the type of skills tested. For mathematics, in most countries and even if the test scores achievement of the children of Turkish immigrants is lower than that of their native peers, it is still higher than that of children of their cohort in the home country - conditional and unconditional on parental background characteristics. The analysis suggests that higher school quality relative to that in the home country is important to explain immigrant children's educational advantage.
Optimization of Lignin Removal from Synthesized Wastewater by Iron (III) Trimesate

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Research Program on Development of Appropriate Technologies for Coloring Agent Removal from Textile Dyeing, Pulp & Paper, and Sugar Industries for Sustainable Management, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Polymer-based Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Heavy Metal Ions Detection - A Critical Review

Electrochemical sensors have the advantage of fast analysis, low cost, high sensitivity, flexible and diverse technique, and excellent adaptability for in-situ analysis. This review introduces the recent advances in the field of electrochemical sensing of heavy metal ions (HMIs) based on polymers modified electrodes. In particular, the unique properties of polymers, excellent bridging ability, absorbing ability for HMIs, different conducting polymers and composites, and highly selectively ions imprinted polymers used for the detection of HMIs are highlighted.
Identification and occurrence of Anisakis larvae from Marine Fish in Changsha City, Hunan province, China

Anisakis spp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitize a wide range of marine animals, mammals serving as the definitive host and different fish species as intermediate or paratenic hosts. The present study was performed to investigate the infection status of the third stage larvae (L3)on Anisakis in marine fishes for sale in Changsha City, Hunan province, China. Marine fishes were randomly collected from markets in Changsha City from January to July in recent years, and then classified. And a total of 142 fish including 8 species of fish were investigated ,including ribbonfish 15 ,small yellow croaker 30, saury 20, turbot 5, bummalo 20, sardines 30, Cuttlefish 10 and yellow teeth 12. we carefully dissected and examined each individual's body cavity, viscera organs, back, abdomen, fish tail and recorded the infection rates of nematodes. The staining nematodes by hydrochloric acid carmine red were carried conventional morphological identification under an optical microscope, seven nematodes were randomly selected to extract genomic DNA for molecular biological identification. The infection rate of the third stage larvae (L3) of Anisakis was observed, respectively 33.3% in ribbonfish(5/15), 10% in small yellow croaker (3/30),25% in saury(5/20), 75% in bummalo (15/20). The infection of the third-stage larvae of the genus Heterodera in the fish market in Changsha is relatively serious, and the degree of infection has a certain relationship with the type and body parts of the fish. Therefore, this will give some hints and guidance for future health quarantine and fishery production, processing and
Theoretical Determination of Size Effects in Zeolite-Catalyzed Alcohol Dehydration

In the upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors to hydrocarbons, dehydration accomplishes a primary objective of removing oxygen, and acidic zeolites represent promising catalysts for the dehydration reaction. Here, we utilized density functional theory calculations to estimate adsorption energetics and intrinsic kinetics of alcohol dehydration over H-ZSM-5, H-BEA, and H-AEL zeolites. The ONIOM (our Own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics) calculations of adsorption energies were observed to be inconsistent when benchmarked against QM (Quantum Mechanical)/Hartree–Fock and periodic boundary condition calculations. However, reaction coordinate calculations of adsorbed species and transition states were consistent across all levels considered. Comparison of ethanol, isopropanol (IPA), and tert-amyl alcohol (TAA) over these three zeolites allowed for a detailed examination of how confinement impacts on reaction mechanisms and kinetics. The TAA, seen to proceed via a carbocationic mechanism, was found to have the lowest activation barrier, followed by IPA and then ethanol, both of which dehydrate via a concerted mechanism. Barriers in H-BEA were consistently found to be lower than in H-ZSM-5 and H-AEL, attributed to late transition states and either elevated strain or inaccurately estimating long-range electrostatic interactions in H-AEL, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the diffusivity of these three alcohols in H-ZSM-5 were significantly overestimated by Knudsen diffusion, which will complicate experimental efforts to develop a kinetic model for catalytic fast pyrolysis.
Metamorphism and the evolution of subduction on Earth

Subduction is a component of plate tectonics, which is widely accepted as having operated in a manner similar to the present-day back through the Phanerozoic Eon. However, whether Earth always had plate tectonics or, if not, when and how a globally linked network of narrow plate boundaries emerged are matters of ongoing debate. Earth's mantle may have been as much as 200–300 °C warmer in the Mesoarchean compared to the present day, which potentially required an alternative tectonic regime during part or all of the Archean Eon. Here we use a data set of the pressure (P), temperature (T), and age of metamorphic rocks from 564 localities that vary in age from the Paleoarchean to the Cenozoic to evaluate the petrogenesis and secular change of metamorphic rocks associated with subduction and collisional orogenesis at convergent plate boundaries. Based on the thermobaric ratio (T/P), metamorphic rocks are classified into three natural groups: high T/P type (T/P > 775 °C/GPa, mean T/P ~1105 °C/GPa), intermediate T/P type (T/P between 775 and 375 °C/GPa, mean T/P ~575 °C/GPa), and low T/P type (T/P < 375 °C/GPa, mean T/P ~255 °C/GPa). With reference to published thermal models of active subduction, we show that low T/P oceanic metamorphic rocks preserving peak pressures >2.5 GPa equilibrated at P–T conditions similar to those modeled for the uppermost oceanic crust in a wide range of active subduction environments. By contrast, those that have peak pressures <2.2 GPa may require exhumation under relatively warm conditions, which may indicate subduction of young oceanic lithosphere or exhumation during the initial stages of subduction. However, low T/P oceanic metamorphic rocks with peak pressures of 2.5–2.2 GPa were exhumed from depths where, in models of active subduction, the slab and overriding plate change from being decoupled (at lower P) to coupled (at higher P), possibly suggesting a causal relationship. In relation to secular change, the widespread appearance of low T/P metamorphism in the Neoproterozoic represents a “modern” style of cold collision and deep slab breakoff, whereas rare occurrences of low T/P metamorphism in the Paleoproterozoic may reveal atypical localized regions of cold collision. Low T/P metamorphism is not known from the Archean geological record, but the absence of blueschists in particular is unlikely to reflect secular change in the composition of the oceanic crust. In addition, the premise that the formation of lawsonite requires abnormally low thermal gradients and the postulate that oceanic subduction-related rocks register significantly lower maximum pressures than do continental subduction-related rocks, and imply different mechanisms of exhumation, are not supported. The widespread appearance of intermediate T/P and high T/P metamorphism at the beginning of the Neoarchean, and the subsequent development of a clear bimodality in tectono-thermal environments are interpreted to be evidence of the stabilization of subduction during a transition to a globally linked network of narrow plate boundaries and the emergence of plate tectonics.
EFFECT OF DIETARY ADDITION OF ZINC ENRICHED SPIRULINA ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE IN GROWING RABBITS.

The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of Zinc-enriched Spirulina (Zn-Sp) supplementation as an organic Zn source on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and economic efficiency of growing rabbits. A total of forty eight male NZW rabbits (35 days old) were allotted to four groups (12 rabbits for each), 4 replicates (3 rabbits for each). Three levels of Zn-Sp (50, 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp/kg diet) were compared to a control group without Zn-Sp addition.The results have shown that dietary Zn-Sp supplementation caused an increase (P<0.05) in final live body weight at 13 weeks. Supplementation of 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp improved (P<0.05) body weight gain compared to the control group during the whole experiment period. The increases in body weight gain were 10.93 and 10.63% for 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp, respectively compared to the control group. On the other hand, at all experimental periods, rabbits fed diets supplemented with 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp consumed less (P<0.05) feed intake than those fed control diet or 50 mg Zn-Sp. As well as, diets supplemented with Zn at 50, 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp improved (P<0.05) FCR throughout the experimental period (8weeks). Dietary Zn-Sp supplementation at 100 mg led to a significant increase in all nutrients digestibility In addition; Zn-Sp supplementation had insignificant effect on the CF digestibility. Feeding rabbits on diets supplemented with Zn-Sp at a level of 100 mg/kg DM increased (P<0.05) DCP%, TDN and DE (kcal/kg) compared to the control group. The obtained results also showed that supplementing rabbit diets with Zn-Sp at each tested level increased (P<0.05) hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, total edible parts (%), serum total protein and HDL, serum Zn concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels in comparison to the control group. Conversely, a significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in serum total cholesterol and LDL concentrations compared with the rabbits fed the control diet. The economical efficiency of diets supplanted with 50, 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp increased by 14.94, 33.0 and 33.48% over the control group. In conclusion, the present results indicated that supplementation of Zn-Sp could be used as an organic source of Zinc for rabbits. It has more bioavailability and caused an improvement in growth performance and digestibility without any adverse effects on the health status of rabbits.
COMPARATIVE ERROR ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH WRITING BY FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD YEAR STUDNETS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF FACULTY OF EDUCATION AT CHAMPASACK UNIVERSITY

levels. To investigate the error types, the frequency of error types, the similarities and difference of errors and the last to find the error sources that occur in first, second and third year learners. Error analysis is one type of linguistic study and it focuses on learners’ error making. The linguistic category and surface strategy taxonomy are used to find out the types of error. The analysis the phenomenon based on Brown (1980) namely, error identification, error classification, Error description and error explanation. The data from students’ writing products, 54 pieces in three levels and the total errors are 571 erroneous sentences. There are two types of errors, namely lexical errors and syntactical errors; eight error categories and twenty-seven error cases. The second year learners made the most error 263 errors or 46, 05% while first year learners produced 229 errors or 40, 10% and third year learners made 79 errors or 13, 83%. There are similarity in errors types, five similar categories and five error cases, but there are three different error categories and eighteen error cases. The main error sources, learners had lack knowledge of English grammatical rule. The overgeneralization (265 errors or 46, 40%) influences learners’ error, language transfer (199 errors or 34, 85%) still interfere learners’ acquisition and simplification (107 errors or 18, 73%) is one factor that effect learners’ errors.