Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Tolerability of Pregabalin Versus Topiramate in the Prophylaxis of Chronic Daily Headache With Analgesic Overuse: An Open-Label Prospective Study

Objectives:Medication-overuse headache is one of the most disabling headaches. Antiepileptic drugs have been considered a promising strategy as prophylactic treatment in these patients, even if their use often has been limited by low tolerability or safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin compared with topiramate for the prophylaxis of chronic daily headache with medication overuse using an open-label prospective study. Methods:After a 2-month baseline period (T0), 100 consecutive patients with medication overuse headache were assigned to receive 150 mg/d pregabalin or 100 mg/d topiramate. After a titration period of 4 weeks, a follow-up visit was scheduled every 2 months (T1 and T2) to evaluate headache frequency, the amount of rescue medication intake, and disability. Results:Of the 46 pregabalin-treated patients, the mean monthly headache frequency significantly decreased from 21.8 ± 4.8 (T0) to 5.1 ± 3.8 (T2), and the monthly number of days with medication intake decreased from 15.1 ± 4.8 (T0) to 2.9 ± 1.9 (T2). Similarly, of the 42 topiramate-treated patients, the mean monthly headache frequency decreased from 21.8 ± 4.9 (T0) to 5.3 ± 3.5 (T2), and the mean monthly number of days with medication intake decreased from 15.1 ± 3.7 (T0) to 2.6 ± 1.5 (T2). A significant improvement of disability score was reported in both groups. Conclusions:Similar to topiramate, pregabalin seems to be an effective and well-tolerated preventive therapy in chronic headache and a new option in the management of withdrawal from abused drugs in patients with analgesic overuse, a difficult-to-treat population.
Ischemic and bleeding outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting among patients initially treated with a P2Y12 receptor antagonist for acute coronary syndromes: Insights on timing of discontinuation of ticagrelor and clopidogrel prior to surgery

Background: Clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients treated with P2Y12 inhibitors who require urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have not been well studied. Methods: We examined clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients in relation to the timing of CABG following P2Y12 inhibitor discontinuation (<72 h, 72 h to five days, >5 days). The primary ischemic outcome was a composite of death, reinfarction, need for revascularization, or stroke. The primary safety outcome was bleeding of at least moderate severity as defined by a Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding class ≥2. Results: Among 508 patients (95 ticagrelor, 413 clopidogrel), the timing of CABG following P2Y12 inhibitor discontinuation was <72 h in 32.1%, 72 h to five days in 23.2% and >5 days in 44.7%. Compared with CABG within 72 h, CABG 72 h to five days (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–0.85; p=0.02) but not >5 days (adjusted OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.33–1.16; p=0.14) after P2Y12 inhibitor discontinuation was associated with lower odds of the primary ischemic outcome. Compared with CABG within 72 h, CABG 72 h to five days (adjusted OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.22–0.66; p=0.001) and >5 days (adjusted OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.20–0.53; p<0.001) after P2Y12 inhibitor discontinuation were associated with lower rates of Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding class ≥2 bleeding. Conclusions: CABG within 72 h after P2Y12 inhibitor discontinuation is associated with excess ischemia and bleeding. The rates of ischemic and bleeding events were comparable in patients undergoing CABG 72 h to five days compared with >5 days after P2Y12 inhibitor discontinuation.
Breakthrough Technologies An Improved Simpli fi ed High-Sensitivity Quanti fi cation Method for Determining Brassinosteroids in Different Tissues of Rice and Arabidopsis 1 [ C ] [ W ]

Quantification of brassinosteroids is essential and extremely important to study the molecular mechanisms of their physiological roles in plant growth and development. Herein, we present a simple, material and cost-saving high-performance method for determining endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in model plants. This new method enables simultaneous enrichment of a wide range of bioactive BRs such as brassinolide, castasterone, teasterone, and typhasterol with ion exchange solid-phase extraction and high-sensitivity quantitation of these BRs based on isotope dilution combined with internal standard approach. For routine analysis, the consumption of plant materials was reduced to one-twentieth of previously reported and the overall process could be completed within 1 day compared with previous 3 to 4 days. The strategy was validated by profiling BRs in different ecotypes and mutants of rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and the BR distributions in different model plants tissues were determined with the new method. The method allows plant physiologists to monitor the dynamics and distributions of BRs with 1 gram fresh weight of model plant tissues, which will speed up the process for the molecular mechanism research of BRs with these model plants in future work.
Micro‐CT evaluation of the quality of root fillings when using three root filling systems

AIM To evaluate the percentage volumes of filling materials and voids in single-rooted teeth filled with three different filling systems using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). METHODOLOGY Thirty single-rooted human teeth were used. After preparation of the root canals, the teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10). The canals were filled with EndoREZ, ActiV GP or AH Plus/gutta-percha. Each specimen was scanned using a micro-CT device at a resolution of 13.68 μm. Percentage volumes of root filling materials and voids were calculated and data were analysed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni adjustment. Within each group, the Friedman test was performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to detect discrepancies. RESULTS The percentage volume of filling material was significantly lower in the ActiV GP group than in the other groups (P < 0.05), whilst the percentage volume of voids was significantly higher in the ActiV GP group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION None of the systems were associated with void-free root fillings. The ActiV GP system had a significantly higher percentage volume of voids than the other systems.
Heparin treatment in sinus venous thrombosis.

Treatment of sinus venous thrombosis (SVT) is controversial. Although heparin has been used for this condition, many investigators have opposed its use because of the frequent occurrence of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in SVT. Therefore we have evaluated anticoagulation with adjusted-dose intravenous heparin for treatment of aseptic SVT in a randomised, blinded (patient and observer), placebo-controlled study in 20 patients (10 heparin, 10 placebo). The clinical course of the two groups, as judged by a newly designed SVT-severity scale, started to differ in favour of the heparin group after 3 days of treatment (p < 0Â·05, Mann-Whitney U-test) and the difference remained significant (p < 0Â·01) after 8 days of treatment. After 3 months, 8 of the heparintreated patients had a complete clinical recovery and 2 had slight residual neurological deficits. In the placebo group, only 1 patient had a complete recovery, 6 patients had neurological deficits, and 3 patients died (p < 0Â·01, modified Fisher's exact test). An additional retrospective study on the relation between heparin treatment and I CH in a c Purchase Export
Hepatitis C—A clinical review

With an estimated prevalence of about 170 million people worldwide, chronic hepatitis C is an important cause of chronic liver disease associated with a substantial risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The recent past has borne witness to remarkable advancements in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with the development of novel, effective, and well tolerated medications that have resulted in paradigm shifts in treatment approaches and may potentially affect the natural history of the disease. We provide a clinical review of current concepts and future developments in the management of chronic hepatitis C to aid in the understanding and individualization of chronic hepatitis C treatment. J. Med. Virol. 88:1844–1855, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The anterior cingulate cortex: Monitoring the outcomes of others' decisions

The ability to attribute mental states to others and understand the basis of their decisions is essential for human social interaction. A controversial theory states that this is achieved by simulating another's information processing in one's own neural circuits. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known to play an important role in the registration of discrepancies between the predicted and actual outcomes of decisions (prediction errors). When positive and negative feedback fails altogether, the failure may also signal errors in the prediction that the outcome of that decision would be informative and guide future decisions. Does the ACC signal that an outcome is unexpectedly uninformative? When an outcome directed to others is uninformative, do we understand their mental states by simulating them in the circuits of the ACC in our own brain? The aim of our study was to test for these two possibilities in the human brain with event-related fMRI. We tested whether the ACC processes errors in the prediction of informative feedback and whether the ACC is also activated when scanned subjects process the same outcomes of another's decisions. We show that each is processed by a separate subregion of the ACC.
Sensitivity of immediate and delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI after injection of 0.5 M and 1.0 M gadolinium chelates for detecting multiple sclerosis lesions.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to compare the efficacy of cranial MR images obtained immediately after, 5 minutes after, and 10 minutes after the injection of 0.5-mol/L (Magnevist) and 1.0-mol/L (Gadovist) gadolinium chelates in the detection of active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with MS were examined with MRI first with 0.5-mol/L and then, after 24-48 hours, with 1.0-mol/L gadolinium chelates. T1-weighted spin-echo images with magnetization transfer were obtained immediately, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes after the injection of the contrast material. Three radiologists evaluated the gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images on a remote MR console (Advantage Windows) in six separate sessions and counted the number of enhancing lesions in consensus. RESULTS Significantly fewer enhancing lesions were seen on MR images immediately after the injection of 0.5- and 1.0-mol/L gadolinium chelates (n = 18 and n = 36, respectively; p < 0.05) than at 5 minutes (n = 32 and n = 54; p < 0.05) and 10 minutes (n = 34 and n =55; p < 0.05) after the injection (p < 0.05). Likewise, significantly fewer patients with at least one enhancing lesion after the injection of 0.5- and 1.0-mol/L gadolinium chelates (n = 10 and n = 16; p < 0.05) were found immediately after injection than were found 5 minutes (n = 18 and n = 24; p < 0.05) and 10 minutes (n = 18 and n = 24; p < 0.05) after injection (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The use of 1.0-mol/L gadolinium chelate enables us to detect an increased number of enhancing lesions and patients with active disease. A delay of 5 minutes after the injection of the gadolinium chelate might be sufficient to detect active lesions in patients with MS.
Measurements of the distributed cavity phase shift in the LNE-SYRTE FO2 fountain

We report measurements and calculations of distributed cavity phase errors in an atomic fountain clock. We isolate even and odd symmetry contributions to the distributed cavity phase shift and measure their characteristic power dependences. The measurements and model largely agree with no free parameters. Verification of the model\ will enable a reduction of the distributed cavity phase uncertainty for current clocks and validates new cavity designs that have minimal phase variations.
Haemophilus influenzae vaccines for infants in Spain

EDITOR,--Neisseria meningitidis is the commonest cause of bacterial meningitis in Spain. The overall ratio of meningococcal meningitis due to Haemophilus influenza type b in children aged 0-15 in the past 15 years was 10:1. Many doctors in Spain believe that H influenzae type b is a rare or minor pathogen because of the high incidence of invasive disease due to N meningitidis. They also believe that invasive disease due to H influenzae type b is …
The prevalence of trauma and its relationship to borderline personality symptoms and self-destructive behaviors in a primary care setting.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of five types of trauma and their relationship to borderline personality symptoms and self-destructive behaviors in female subjects recruited from a primary care setting. DESIGN Consecutive sample. METHOD Subjects completed a lengthy research booklet. SETTING Primary care, outpatient, health maintenance organization setting. PATIENTS One hundred fifty-two consecutive women, aged 18 to 45 years, who were scheduled for routine gynecological care by a female family physician. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures included a demographic questionnaire, a trauma questionnaire (ie, sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, physical neglect, and witnessing of violence), the Borderline Personality Scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised; and the Self-Harm Inventory. RESULTS Traumatic experiences were reported by 70.7% of the subjects (25.8%, sexual abuse; 36.4%, physical abuse; 43.7%, emotional abuse; 9.3%, physical neglect; and 43.0%, witnessing of violence). There was a significant correlation between the acknowledged number of abuse categories and borderline personality symptoms (r = .36, P = .01) as well as self-destructive behaviors (r = .43, P = .01). Sexual abuse and witnessing of violence were most associated with borderline personality symptoms; sexual abuse, physical abuse, and witnessing of violence were most associated with self-destructive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence that abuse is a nonspecific but contributory factor to psychopathologic processes, in particular borderline personality symptoms and self-destructive behaviors.
Gravity field of the Orientale basin from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory Mission

On the origin of Orientale basin Orientale basin is a major impact crater on the Moon, which is hard to see from Earth because it is right on the western edge of the lunar nearside. Relatively undisturbed by later events, Orientale serves as a prototype for understanding large impact craters throughout the solar system. Zuber et al. used the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission to map the gravitational field around the crater in great detail by flying the twin spacecraft as little as 2 km above the surface. Johnson et al. performed a sophisticated computer simulation of the impact and its subsequent evolution, designed to match the data from GRAIL. Together, these studies reveal how major impacts affect the lunar surface and will aid our understanding of other impacts on rocky planets and moons. Science, this issue pp. 438 and 441 Detailed maps of the Moon’s gravitational field reveal structure in the Orientale impact crater. The Orientale basin is the youngest and best-preserved major impact structure on the Moon. We used the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft to investigate the gravitational field of Orientale at 3- to 5-kilometer (km) horizontal resolution. A volume of at least (3.4 ± 0.2) × 106 km3 of crustal material was removed and redistributed during basin formation. There is no preserved evidence of the transient crater that would reveal the basin’s maximum volume, but its diameter may now be inferred to be between 320 and 460 km. The gravity field resolves distinctive structures of Orientale’s three rings and suggests the presence of faults associated with the outer two that penetrate to the mantle. The crustal structure of Orientale provides constraints on the formation of multiring basins.
Exploring lifelog sharing and privacy

The emphasis on exhaustive passive capturing of images using wearable cameras like Autographer, which is often known as lifelogging has brought into foreground the challenge of preserving privacy, in addition to presenting the vast amount of images in a meaningful way. In this paper, we present a user-study to understand the importance of an array of factors that are likely to influence the lifeloggers to share their lifelog images in their online circle. The findings are a step forward in the emerging area intersecting HCI, and privacy, to help in exploring design directions for privacy mediating techniques in lifelogging applications.
Burden Sharing in Combating Terrorist Financing

This paper contributes to the literature concerning burden sharing. We provide a quantitative expression of the burden sharing behaviour of 174 states in the case of combating terrorist financing and address specific burden sharing issues in this context (i.e., weakest link; no substitutability). We conclude that advanced states have shown more effort to control terrorist financing than developing states. In this particular case, there is an incentive for advanced states to support developing states. Failing to do so will make the total financial system worse off. Keywords—Burden sharing, combating terrorist financing, weakest link.
Effect of a low-fat diet on hormone levels in women with cystic breast disease. I. Serum steroids and gonadotropins.

For examination of the effect of a low-fat diet on serum estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropin levels, 16 patients with cystic breast disease and cyclic mastalgia were studied before dietary intervention and at 2 and 3 months thereafter. Four-day food diaries indicated that total fat intake was reduced from a prediet average of 69 g (35% of total kilocalories/day) to an average of 32 g (21% of total kilocalories) after 3 months. Highly significant reductions (P less than .001) occurred in dietary cholesterol and less changes occurred in protein and total kilocalorie consumption (P less than .05); fiber intakes were not affected. After 3 months on this low-fat diet, there were significant reductions in luteal-phase serum total estrogens (P less than .001), estrone (P less than .005), and estradiol (P less than .01); progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were unchanged. Two of the 16 patients were excluded from the hormone statistical analyses because the serum progesterone levels were not consistent with sampling in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. It is concluded that a reduction of dietary fat intake to 20% of the total kilocalories will result in significant decreases in circulating estrogens in benign breast disease patients and that this effect is achievable without increasing dietary fiber consumption. Absence of changes in serum progesterone and gonadotropins during the dietary intervention is consistent with altered enterohepatic circulation of estrogens rather than with effects on the pituitary-ovarian axis.
The Intrinsic Organization of the Central Extended Amygdala

ABSTRACT: The central component of the extended amygdala (CEA) comprises the central amygdaloid nucleus (Ce), the dorsal substantia innominata (SI), and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Anatomical studies have suggested the presence of an intrinsic system of GABAergic neurons that not only connects homologous subareas of the Ce, SI, and BNST but that also acts as an interface between sensory afferents and brain stem‐projecting neurons. CEA outputs, with a few exceptions, arise from separate populations of neurons, but all, including GABAergic neurons themselves, are heavily innervated by GABAergic terminals. GABAergic neurons may serve to integrate output activity of the CEA, though GABAergic neurons form a heterogeneous population whose differential intrinsic connections appear related to their peptide content. Afferents from the dysgranular insular cortex and lateral parabrachial complex preferentially innervate GABAergic neurons, suggesting these neurons may also integrate afferent activity. Afferents from the basolateral amygdala (BL) appear to innervate both output neurons and intrinsic GABAergic neurons. Evidence will be presented to show that BL afferents form synaptic complexes with cortical, GABAergic, and TH‐immunoreactive terminal boutons on GABAergic dendritic spines. These complexes may be a key element in control of CEA output activity.
Biliary excretion in Sprague‐Dawley and Gunn rats during manganese‐bilirubin‐induced cholestasis

We previously showed that alterations of the bile canalicular membrane are likely to occur following a cholestatic regimen composed sequentially of manganese and bilirubin. The present study was designed primarily to investigate the biliary excretion of organic bile constituents following administration of the manganese‐bilirubin combination. Experiments in hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats were also performed to determine whether the unconjugated or the conjugated form of bilirubin is involved in this cholestatic interaction. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats and male homozygous Gunn rats were given the following (i.v.): (a) manganese (4.5 mg per kg); (b) unconjugated bilirubin (25 mg per kg); (c) bilirubin ditaurate (38 mg per kg); (d) manganese‐unconjugated bilirubin, or (e) manganese‐bilirubin ditaurate. Bile flow was measured and bile was analyzed for manganese, total bilirubin, bile salts, cholesterol and phospholipid content. The results show that: (i) manganese‐unconjugated bilirubin treatment caused about a 50% reduction in bile flow in Sprague‐Dawley rats, whereas in Gunn rats the manganese‐bilirubin ditaurate treatment resulted in about a 75% reduction, and (ii) in both strains, bile salt excretion was not appreciably modified during the cholestatic phase, as biliary bile salt concentration increased. The results suggest that although important differences regarding the form of bilirubin apparently exist, unconjugated bilirubin could be implicated in the cholestatic interaction in both strains of rats. Manganese‐bilirubin‐induced cholestasis is not related to a defect in bile salt excretion. The latter supports our contention that diminished canalicular membrane permeability to water is likely to be a key factor in this form of experimental cholestasis.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON REOVIRUS TYPE I IN BHK 21 CELLS

The crystalline appearance of reovirus aggregates in culture cells seems to be well established as is the association of the virus with spindle tubules. Pleomorphism of the nucleoid has been reported by Harford et al. (1962). These workers also reported careless particles with indications of a double layered capsid. Careless particles in culture cells have also been reported by Anderson & Doane (1966) while Mayor & Jordan (1965) have suggested a double layered capsid, an observation supported by Mayor, Jamison, Jordan & Van Mitchell (1965) and Mliller, Schneider & Peters (1966).