Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A CAPABILITY APPROACH BASED STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS FOR THE BASE OF THE PYRAMID: A CASE STUDY OF THE FIREWOOD BASED COOK-STOVES

People living under $2 income per day, referred as Base of the Pyramid (BoP), face undesired situations like lack of nutrition, health, education etc. Design as a process of changing current undesired situation to a desired situation has failed. A crucial reason behind these failures is lack of normative basis to identify and understand the absent or unsatisfied stakeholder. Currently stakeholder analysis in the design is heuristic. This paper uses a normative framework of Capability Approach (CA) for the stakeholder analysis. A brief discussion on stakeholder theory and analysis is used to identify gaps in the literature. The constructs of the CA are discussed for its suitability to the purpose. Along with methodological details, data generated from the stakeholder interviews, focus groups in a case study of dissemination of improved cook-stoves is used to interlink the theory with the practice. The scope of this work is in identifying and investigating the motives of the stakeholders in the involvement in the product. Though a lot of insights to discern and manage crucial stakeholders is inbuilt in the methodology, this work does not claim explicit coverage of these aspects.
Maternal Practice on Management of Acute Diarrhea among Children Under Five Years Old in Kosova

AIM: Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among under-fives especially in developing countries. Important fact about diarrhoea is the care about children for easier course. Very often child-care is not adequate because of low knowledge and attitude and wrong practice. METHOD: The study was conducted to present maternal practice on management of acute diarrhoea among children under five years old, in Kosovo. In this cross– sectional study, the study sample included 106 mothers of children less than 5 years old from all parts of Kosovo. They were interviewed using a pre designed and pre tested questionnaire. RESULTS: In case of children diarrhoea, 60.7% declared that they provide less or even not at all fluids, while 19.6% as usually and only 17.8% more than usually. More than one third of mothers did breastfeed their babies less than usually, and 75% cases more than usually during diarrhoea. Based on living place and mothers age feeding of children with diarrhoea did not differ significantly, but there was a significant difference based on mother’s education. One third of the mothers do not give anything to their children in term to stop the diarrhoea, 19.6% uses rice juice, 15.9% banana, and only 9.3% oral dehydration solution. CONCLUSION: There is an immediate need for campaigns in order to try to change the maternal practice on management of acute diarrhoea.
Input to orepass design — a numerical modelling study

Orepasses are an integral part of the mining infrastructure in sublevel caving. As part of the investigations for potential continued deeper mining in the LKAB Malmberget mine, a study on orepass design has been completed. The initial portion of the work involved numerical modelling and rock mass strength calibration of observed orepass fallouts, and spalling failure in a ventilation shaft. The calibrated numerical model was subsequently used to study different orientations and locations of orepasses for a potential haulage level at depth. The initial calibration work showed that a brittle material model — more precisely a cohesion-weakening frictionstrengthening (CWFS) model — was required to replicate both initiation and extension of stressinduced failure. A set of rock mass strength parameters was derived and further used in forward model prediction for planned orepasses. A large number of alternative scenarios were explored, in which orepass orientation and location, as well as material parameters, were varied. Orepass wear was simulated by creating a groove at the bottom of the orepass. Progressive spalling (stress-induced) failure was modelled in selected cases, by removing rock that was encapsulated by a contiguous shear band and the orepass wall in an iterative manner. The results are used in the design process for selecting suitable orepass locations.
Examining the Causal Relationships between Materialism, Status Consumption and Life Satisfaction

The purpose of this study is to explore the causal relationships between materialism, status consumption and life satisfaction. Status consumption scale (Eastman et al, 1999), short form of the material values scale (Richins, 2004) and life satisfaction scale (Mai and Tambyah, 2011; expanded from Richins and Dawson, 1992) were used in this study. We carried out surveys on 464 consumers. We used reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Consequently, we found that there is a negative and significant relationship between materialism and life satisfaction; there is a positive and significant relationship between materialism and status consumption and there is a positive and significant relationship between status consumption and life satisfaction.
A copper-containing oxytelluride as a promising thermoelectric material for waste heat recovery

The new thermoelectric material BiOCuTe exhibits an electrical conductivity of 224 S cm−1 and a Seebeck coefficient of +186 μV K−1 at 373 K, together with an extremely low lattice thermal conductivity of ∼0.5 W m−1 K−1. This results in a ZT of 0.42 at 373 K, which increases to 0.66 at the maximum temperature investigated, 673 K.
Extremal principle of entropy production in the climate system

Paltridge found reasonable values for the most significant climatic variables through maximizing the material transport part of entropy production by using a simple box model. Here, we analyse Paltridge's box model to obtain the energy and the entropy balance equations separately. Derived expressions for global entropy production, which is a function of the radiation field, and even its material transport component, are shown to be different from those used by Paltridge. Plausible climatic states are found at extrema of these parameters. Feasible results are also obtained by minimizing the radiation part of entropy production, in agreement with one of Planck's results. Finally, globally averaged values of the entropy flux of radiation and material entropy production are obtained for two dynamical extreme cases: an earth with uniform temperature, and an earth in radiative equilibrium at each latitudinal point.
A general framework for SPDE-based stationary random fields

This paper presents theoretical advances in the application of the Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) approach in geostatistics. We show a general approach to construct stationary models related to a wide class of linear SPDEs, with applications to spatio-temporal models having non-trivial properties. Within the framework of Generalized Random Fields, a criterion for existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions for this class of SPDEs is proposed and proven. Their covariance are then obtained through their spectral measure. We present a result relating the covariance in the case of a White Noise source term with that of a generic case through convolution. Then, we obtain a variety of SPDE-based stationary random fields. In particular, well-known results regarding the Mat\'ern Model and Markovian models are recovered. A new relationship between the Stein model and a particular SPDE is obtained. New spatio-temporal models obtained from evolution SPDEs of arbitrary temporal derivative order are then obtained, for which properties of separability and symmetry can be controlled. We also obtain results concerning stationary solutions for physically inspired models, such as solutions to the heat equation, the advection-diffusion equation, some Langevin's equations and the wave equation.
A 240-Year Stable Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Record in a Coral from South Florida: Implications for the Prediction of Precipitation in Southern Florida

This study reports on the 6180 and 613C composition of the skeleton from a 240-year-old specimen of Montastraea faveolata growing in Biscayne National Park, South Florida. Annual variations in the 6180 of the skeleton deposited during the summer months show a bimodal correlation with summer rainfall. During wetter years, the 180 of the coral skeleton and the amount of precipitation during the summer months are inversely correlated (r = -0. 7) reflecting dilution of the seawater by meteoric water lower in 80. During years in which summer rainfall is less than normal, increases in precipitation are positively correlated with skeletal 180 (r = +0.6) reflecting the input of freshwater from the Everglades higher in 80. Based on this correlation the 5180 record of the coral skeleton suggests that the 19th and 18th centuries have been relatively dry compared to the 20th century. Carbon isotopic compositions of the skeleton are positively correlated with 80,Q with the minimum in 63C occurring several months after the minimum in 180. Since the mid 1930s there has been a decrease in 13C of the skeleton. Explanations for this trend may be (1) it reflects the increased input of carbon derived from the destruction of terrestrial ecosystems, (2) its part of a long-term decrease in 13C associated with increased addition of fossil fuel-derived CO2. INTRODUCTION
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTRATHECAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND FENTANYL AS ADJUVANTS TO BUPIVACAINE FOR INFRA - UMBILICAL SURGERIES

BACKGROUND: Several adjuncts like adrenaline,opioids and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists are being used with local anaesthetics intrathecally for prolongation of intra-operative and post-operative analgesia and to reduce the side-effects of high doses of local anaesthetics. (1) AIM: The present study was done to evaluate the onset and duration of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic effects, post-operative analgesia and adverse effects of Dexmedetomidine or Fentanyl given intrathecally with hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety inpatients of ASA class I and II scheduled for various infra-umbilical surgeries under Sub-Arachnoid Block were randomly divided into three groups of 30 each namely C (Control), D(Dexmedetomidine) and F(Fentanyl). All received 12.5mg hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.5 ml Normal Saline in Group C(Control),5 µ g Dexmedetomidine (diluted in preservative free Normal saline of 0.5ml) in Group D(Dexmedetomidine) and 25 µ g Fentanyl (vol 0.5 ml) in Group F (Fentanyl). The onset time to reach peak sensory and motor level, the regression time for sensory and motor block, hemodynamic changes and side-effects were noted. RESULTS: The duration of sensory and motor block,rescue analgesia was significantly prolonged in Dexmedetomidine group when compared to that of the Fentanyl group which is longer than that of Control group. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine 5 µg seems to be better than 25µg Fentanyl as a neuraxial adjuvant to hyperbaric Bupivacaine.
A method for the near real-time production of quasi-definitive magnetic observatory data

Magnetic observatory data are widely used in the derivation of time-varying magnetic field models, often in combination with satellite magnetic data, when available. Traditionally the definitive observatory results are used, the availability of which can often lag those of the satellite data by months and even years. The recently defined quasi-definitive observatory data type has been introduced to meet the need to provide observatory data suitable for use in field modeling in a more rapid time frame and for producing Level 2 products planned for the upcoming European Space Agency Swarm mission. A method for producing quasi-definitive data is presented and the essential steps described. To evaluate the method, provisional data published on a next day basis since 2000 are tested against definitive data at five INTERMAGNET observatories. The means and standard deviations of the differences between the candidate quasi-definitive and definitive data are within the accuracy of 5 nT set by INTERMAGNET. Since the tested data were published on-line on a next day basis, they also easily meet the INTERMAGNET requirement of availability within three months. These results demonstrate that prompt production of quasi-definitive data is possible for observatories that already perform to the standards set by INTERMAGNET.
On irony and negation

In this article, irony is viewed as a mode of indirect negation. Based on this view, interpreting irony does not involve canceling the indirectly negated message and replacing it with the implicated one (as contended by, e.g., Clark & Gerrig, 1984; Grice, 1975). Rather, irony understanding involves processing both the negated and implicated messages, so that the difference between them may be computed. This view thus differs from the view which assumes that irony involves only one interpretation (e.g., Gibbs, 1986a; Sperber & Wilson, 1981; Wilson & Sperber, 1992). Holding that irony activates both the literal/explicit and the ironic/implicated meanings predicts that irony will be more difficult to understand than a nonironic use of the same utterance. Reanalysis of previous findings (Gibbs, 1986a) evinces that irony takes longer to process than nonironic use of the same utterance. Though irony is more difficult to understand than nonironic language, speakers apply this mode for certain communicative goals.
Relating IS Developers' Attitudes to Engagement

Increasing effort is being directed to understanding the personality profiles of highly engaged information systems (IS) developers and the impact of such profiles on development outcomes. However, there has been a lesser degree of attention paid to studying attitudes at a fine-grained level, and relating such attitudes to developers’ in-process activities, in spite of the fact that social motivation theory notes the importance of such a relationship in general group work. We have therefore applied linguistic analysis, text mining and visualization, and statistical analysis techniques to artefacts developed by 474 developers to study these issues. Our results indicate that our sample of IS developers conveyed a range of attitudes while working to deliver systems features, and those practitioners who communicated the most were also the most engaged. Additionally, of eight linguistic dimensions considered, expressions regarding work and achievement, as well as insightful attitudes, were most closely related to developers’ engagement. Accordingly, team diversity and the provision of active support for outcome-driven developers may contribute positively to maintaining team balance and performance.
POTENTIAL WATER QUALITY IMPACT OF DRAINAGE WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE MIDWEST USA

Drainage water management (DWM) is a promising technology for reducing nitrate losses from artificially drained fields. While there is an extensive history for the practice in North Carolina, U.S., little is known about the efficacy or cost effectiveness of the practice under Midwest U.S. conditions where artificial subsurface drainage is widely used. In an earlier study, we used a calibrated version of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) coupled with the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) family of crop growth models to simulate the impact of DWM on reducing nitrate losses from drained fields across the Midwest. In this study, we use soil and land cover spatial databases to estimate that 4.8 million ha of land used to grow corn within the Midwest would be suitable for DWM. If DWM were adopted on all of this land, nitrate losses in drainage would be reduced by approximately 83 million kg yr-1. Within just the Upper Mississippi River basin and Ohio/Tennessee River basins, DWM has the potential to reduce nitrate losses from drained fields by 52 million kg yr-1. We estimate that with the cost of control structures, redesign of new drainage systems, and payments to farmers to adjust the control structures to reduce nitrate losses, that the cost per kg of nitrate reduced in drainage water for DWM would be US$2.71.
Effects of planting date and fertilizer dose on plant growth attributes and nutrient uptake of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Potato is a high input intensive and a shallow rooted crop which requires an efficient cropping management to ensure adequate nutrient uptake to attain optimum crop growth. The experiment was conducted with four planting dates (22 nd October, 1 st , 11 th and 21 st November) and four fertilizer rates viz. 75, 100, 125and 150% of recommended fertilizer dose (RFD; 150:50:100 kg ha -1 of NPK) in the region for optimum productivity in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was recorded on plant height, leaf, and stem weight, and leaf area index and NPK uptake. Planting date had significant effect on all vegetative characteristics and recorded the highest values at 1 st November planting date and lowest in 21 st November planting date. Maximum uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by leaves, stems and tubers was also observed at 1 st November planting date. Plant height, leaf area index, leaf and stem weight increased with increase in fertilizer dose. Thus, the results of this study suggested that optimum planting time (1 st November) is very critical for maximum nutrient uptake of the applied fertilizer dose to the potato crop under semi-arid conditions.
A simulation study on the impact of altitudinal dependent vertical plasma drift on the equatorial ionosphere in the evening

We carry out a simulation study on the impact of altitudinal dependent plasma drift on the equatorial ionosphere in the evening, under geomagnetically quiet conditions. Our study used the vertical plasma drift velocity data measured by an incoherent scatter radar at Jicamarca (11.95°S, 76.87°W). The data covered the local sunset period on 15 and 16 November 2004. The plasma drift had significant altitudinal variations in the vertical component, which is perpendicular to the magnetic field. We employed SAMI2 (SAMI2 is another model of the ionosphere) to evaluate the effect of the altitude‐dependent ion drift on the equatorial ionosphere. Three types of plasma drift velocity inputs were used in our simulations. The first input is calculated from an empirical model, the second is a height‐averaged drift obtained from the observed drift velocity, and the third one corresponds to the observed altitudinal dependent drift data. A strong equatorial ionization anomaly occurred in the results of all numerical experiments. Additional layers (F3 layers) in electron densities over the equatorial F region and “arch” latitudinal structures extending to lower middle latitudes were seen in the simulations driven by the observed altitudinal dependent drift. We further show that neutral winds do not have a significant effect on the simulated F3 layers. The results of our numerical experiments suggest that the simulated additional ionospheric layers and arch structures are associated with the altitudinal gradients in the vertical plasma drift velocity.
Cervical Myelopathy Induced by Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.3804 Received: 01.08. 2015 Accepted: 01.09. 2015 Publihed Online: 03.09. 2015 Corresponding Author: Hamza Sucuoglu, Fatih Neighborhood, Maslak Street, Ilke Street, No. 1 Bagcilar, Istanbul, Turkey. GSM: +905056297688 F. : +9
Revenue targeting in sheries

We apply the target revenue model, a version of prospect theory, to investigate how fishermen adjust their trip length to changes in daily revenue. The key finding is that certain groups of fishermen seem more likely to behave according to the target revenue model rather than to the standard model of labor supply. We also find that vessel capacity has little effect on whether the captains seek target revenue. The study strongly supports the integration of prospect theory into the framework of labor supply analysis.
Assessment of the intrinsic vulnerability of agricultural land to water and nitrogen losses: case studies in Italy and Greece

nicolo.colombani@uniroma1.it Abstract LOS indices (abbr. of Losses) can be used for the assessment of the intrinsic vulnerability of agricultural land to water and nitrogen losses through percolation and runoff. The indices were applied on the lowland region of Ferrara Province (FP) in Italy and the upland region of Sarigkiol Basin (SB) in Greece. The most vulnerable zones in FP were the coastal areas consisting of high permeability sandy dunes and the areas close to riverbanks and palaeochannels, and in SB were the areas characterized by high slopes and high permeability soils at high altitude and areas belonging to the upper part of the alluvial plain close to the boundaries between agricultural land and mountainous regions. The application of LOS indices highlighted the specific features of both lowland and upland regions that contribute to water and nitrogen losses and showed their ability for use as tools in designing environmental management plans.
The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey - XIII. Dust in early-type galaxies

Aims. We study the dust content of a large optical input sample of 910 early-type galaxies (ETG) in the Virgo cluster, also extending to the dwarf ETG, and examine the results in relation to those on the other cold ISM components. Methods. We have searched for far-infrared emission in all galaxies in the input sample using the 250 mu m image of the Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey (HeViCS). This image covers a large fraction of the cluster with an area of similar to 55 square degrees. For the detected ETG we measured fluxes in five bands from 100 to 500 mu m, and estimated the dust mass and temperature with modified black-body fits. Results. Dust is detected above the completeness limit of 25.4 mJy at 250 mu m in 46 ETG, 43 of which are in the optically complete part of the input sample. In addition, dust is present at fainter levels in another six ETG. We detect dust in the four ETG with synchrotron emission, including M 87. Dust appears to be much more concentrated than stars and more luminous ETG have higher dust temperatures. Considering only the optically complete input sample and correcting for the contamination by background galaxies, dust detection rates down to the 25.4 mJy limit are 17% for ellipticals, about 40% for lenticulars (S0 + S0a), and around 3% for dwarf ETG. Dust mass does not correlate clearly with stellar mass and is often much greater than expected for a passive galaxy in a closed-box model. The dust-to-stars mass ratio anticorrelates with galaxy luminosity, and for some dwarf ETG reaches values as high as for dusty late-type galaxies. In the Virgo cluster slow rotators appear more likely to contain dust than fast ones. Comparing the dust results with those on Hi there are only eight ETG detected both in dust and in Hi in the HeViCS area; 39 have dust but only an upper limit on Hi, and eight have Hi but only an upper limit on dust. The locations of these galaxies in the cluster are different, with the dusty ETG concentrated in the densest regions, while the Hi rich ETG are at the periphery.