Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consumer Meaning Making: The Meaning of Luxury Brands in a Democratised Luxury World

The nature of luxury is constantly changing and this makes it difficult to formulate a universal definition of luxury brands. The current paper aims to enrich the understanding of luxury brand meaning from a consumer perspective. In particular, this paper investigates consumers' perceptions of luxury brands based on the extent to which they associate various attributes to luxury brands. A large-scale survey in the Flemish part of Belgium reveals three facets of luxury brand meaning: an expressive facet that refers to the exclusivity of luxury brands, an impressive-functional facet that refers to premium quality and an impressiveemotional facet that refers to extraordinary aesthetic aspects. In addition, the current study distinguishes three consumer segments (i.e. impressive, expressive and mixed segment) that differ from each other for the importance they attach to these facets of luxury brand meaning. The impressive segment associates luxury brand meaning with both impressive-functional and impressive-emotional facets, while the expressive segment associates luxury brand meaning with the expressive facet, rather than with impressive facets. The third segment, mixed group, thinks both expressive and impressive facets of luxury brand meaning need to be present before a brand can be categorised as luxury brand. In addition, the current study extends previous segmentations by providing a detailed profile of the segments. In particular, this study shows that the views are differentially related to both individual difference variables and various aspects of individual well-being (i.e. self-esteem and negative affect).
MGS-MOC Observations of Martian Dust Storm Activity

Introduction: The Mars Observer Camera (MOC) completed its second consecutive Martian year of monitoring on December 12, 2002, since entering its mapping orbit on March 9, 1999. During this time the narrow-angle (NA) camera has been taking snapshots of the surface at a resolution of 3-40 m/pixel, while the two wide-angle (WA) cameras, which cover two wavelength bands spanning from the blue (400-450 nm) to the red (575-625 nm), have been continuously mapping the dayside of Mars at a constant resolution of 7.5 km/pixel. Because the WA cameras have a 140° FOV, which allows for limb-to-limb views of the planet, the local time across these low-resolution images ranges from 12:17 to 15:43 at the equator. Some overlap exists between images taken on consecutive orbits, allowing for complete global coverage of the planet to be obtained in two colors in only 12 to 13 orbital passes or about once per a sol. The MGS-MOC experiment has provided an unique opportunity to study Martian weather phenomena, ranging from dust devils and dust storms to condensate clouds to the seasonal behavior of the Martian polar caps, all on time scales ranging from semi-diurnally to interannually. We present here a brief description of the dust activity observed by MOC during the past 2 Mars years in terms of the interannual invariability/variability of these events. MOC has observed dust events across much of the planet from the depths of Hellas basin to the summit of Arsia Mons. These events range in size from dust devils to planet encircling dust veils.
The taste of diatoms: the role of diatom growth phase characteristics and associated bacteria for benthic copepod grazing

The interactions between primary producers and their consumers are of particular interest for the overall functioning of marine ecosystems. The biochemical composition of the organisms involved affects the efficiency of energy transfer in marine food webs. In addition to top-down control by grazers, bottom-up control of these interactions by primary producers and associated bacteria has recently received more attention. Planktonic copepods selectively feed on older diatom cells, a behaviour regulated by changes in exometabolites around diatoms. To test whether this also applies to benthic copepods, Seminavis robusta cells in lag, exponential and stationary growth phases were biochemically screened, and the diversity of associated bacteria was assessed. The diatoms were subsequently C-13 prelabelled and offered to the harpacticoid copepod Microarthridion littorale in a grazing experiment. Harpacticoid copepods incorporated more carbon from younger diatom cells in the lag growth phase, which might be based on (1) biochemical differences of diatom cells in different growth phases and (2) the bacteria associated with the diatoms. The younger diatom cells were characterised by a higher C:N ratio and more extracellular polymer secretions but a lower fatty acid content. The bacterial community on these cells differed from those on cells in the later growth phases. Our results thus suggest that the feeding strategies of benthic harpacticoid copepods differ from those of calanoid copepods. This outcome can be explained by the tight contact between benthic copepods and the typical carbon and bacteria-rich biofilm on sediments.
LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF THE FLOW AROUND AN AHMED BODY

A new approach for large eddy simulation (LES) of the flows around ground vehicles is demonstrated. It is based on the character of the flow with large regions of recirculations rather than on traditional resolution requirements for the LES of wall bounded flows. Recommendations for preparing and realization of LES for vehicle flows are presented and validated on a test case of the flow around an Ahmed body with the 25° angle of the rear slanted surface. Comparison of the LES results with the experimental data proved the validity of this new method.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
SDSS J1138+3517: A quasar showing remarkably variable broad absorption lines

We report on the highly variable Si iv and C iv broad absorption lines in SDSS J113831.4+351725.2 across four observational epochs. Using the Si iv doublet components, we find that the blue component is usually saturated and non-black, with the ratio of optical depths between the two components rarely being 2:1. This indicates that these absorbers do not fully cover the line-of-sight and thus a simple apparent optical depth model is insufficient when measuring the true opacity of the absorbers. Tests with inhomogeneous (power-law) and pure-partial coverage (step-function) models of the absorbing Si iv optical depth predict the most un-blended doublet’s component profiles equally well. However, when testing with Gaussian-fitted doublet components to all Si iv absorbers and averaging the total absorption predicted in each doublet, the upper limit of the power law index is mostly unconstrained. This leads us to favour pure partial coverage as a more accurate measure of the true optical depth than the inhomogeneous power law model. The pure-partial coverage model indicates no significant change in covering fraction across the epochs, with changes in the incident ionizing flux on the absorbing gas instead being favoured as the variability mechanism. This is supported by (a) the coordinated behaviour of the absorption troughs, (b) the behaviour of the continuum at the blue end of the spectrum and (c) the consistency of photoionization simulations of ionic column density dependencies on ionization parameter with the observed variations. Evidence from the simulations together with the C iv absorption profile indicates that the absorber lies outside the broad line region, though the precise distance and kinetic luminosity are not well constrained.
Human factors influencing the severity of traffic accidents related to pedestrians in Tehran

Background and aims : More than 40 percent of deaths of pedestrians in traffic accidents happen in Tehran. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of human factors was associated with an increased intensity of pedestrian traffic. Methods : In this cross-sectional study, 6323 traffic injuries and 99 traffic deaths resulted from traffic accidents in pedestrian during 2013 in Tehran were investigated. Data was extracted from traffic police databases and in Tehran. In analytical analysis, logistic regression model was used to control for possible confounders Results : In studied accidents, 4070 (63.5%) and 2335 (36.5%) of injured or died pedestrians were male and female, respectively. The mean age of injured pedestrians was 39.15±19.47 years and the mean age of guilty drivers was 34.75±12.38 years. The final model showed that gender, age, pedestrian position and fault, and type of driver's license are correlated to the dependent variable. The events leading to the death was significantly higher in men, pedestrians standing next to the roadway, pedestrians fault and drivers with grade 1 of driver license. Conclusion : Human factors had much role in the severity of traffic accidents related to pedestrians in Tehran. These factors have a high correlation with environmental factors, and vehicles. More researches is needed to specifying mechanisms of effect of these factors in traffic accidents related to the pedestrians and designing strategies for promotion of traffic culture and safe behaviors in drivers and pedestrians.
Contemporary estimates of Pan‐Arctic freshwater discharge from GRACE and reanalysis

Streamflow from Arctic river basins has been increasing in recent decades in response to warming climate. In addition to being a sensitive indicator of global change, Arctic discharge is a critical component of the freshwater budget of the Arctic Ocean, where increasing freshwater flows may slow rates of North Atlantic Deep Water formation and heat transport by the thermohaline circulation. However, quantifying rates of freshwater discharge from the entire Pan‐Arctic drainage has been troublesome using traditional stream gauging methods. Here we use satellite measurements of variations in continental water storage from the GRACE mission to present first estimates of monthly freshwater discharge from the entire Pan‐Arctic for the period 2003–2005. Results show that rates of Pan‐Arctic discharge for this time period (3588 ± 257 km3 yr−1) are significantly larger than those suggested by gauge‐based estimates (3238 km3 yr−1), and furthermore, may indicate that discharge rates are accelerating.
Cues to Lying May be Deceptive: Speaker and Listener Behaviour in an Interactive Game of Deception

Are the cues that speakers produce when lying the same cues that listeners attend to when attempting to detect deceit? We used a two-person interactive game to explore the production and perception of speech and nonverbal cues to lying. In each game turn, participants viewed pairs of images, with the location of some treasure indicated to the speaker but not to the listener. The speaker described the location of the treasure, with the objective of misleading the listener about its true location; the listener attempted to locate the treasure, based on their judgement of the speaker’s veracity. In line with previous comprehension research, listeners’ responses suggest that they attend primarily to behaviours associated with increased mental difficulty, perhaps because lying, under a cognitive hypothesis, is thought to cause an increased cognitive load. Moreover, a mouse-tracking analysis suggests that these judgements are made quickly, while the speakers’ utterances are still unfolding. However, there is a surprising mismatch between listeners and speakers: When producing false statements, speakers are less likely to produce the cues that listeners associate with lying. This production pattern is in keeping with an attempted control hypothesis, whereby liars may take into account listeners’ expectations and correspondingly manipulate their behaviour to avoid detection.
Polygynous mating behavior in the endangered Tehuantepec jackrabbit (Lepus flavigularis)

Abstract This is the 1st effort to determine the mating behavior of the Tehuantepec jackrabbit (Lepus flavigularis), an endangered endemic species from southern Mexico whose distribution is limited to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region. Between June 2006 and December 2007, observations of 60 adult radio-marked jackrabbits were carried out in Santa María del Mar, Oaxaca, Mexico. Direct observations showed that the breeding season of the Tehuantepec jackrabbit lasted an average of 200 days per year, with a high-intensity period during the rainy season (May–October); we also confirmed a polygamous reproductive behavior for this species. More importantly, we showed that the Tehuantepec jackrabbit has a polygynous mating behavior. In a single night, a male courted and mounted an average of 2 females; whereas during the whole reproductive season, the male courted an average of 6 females and mounted 3 of them. In a single night, a female was courted by an average of 3 males but mounted by only 1 of them. Throughout the whole reproductive season, the female was courted by 5 males but mounted only by 1 of them. This is the 1st research concerning mating behavior of the Tehuantepec jackrabbit; the resultant information will be very useful for the jackrabbit's conservation, management, and reproduction in captivity.
Study on the Torque Rheological Behavior of Wood Flour/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Chloride Composites

Torque rheological properties of wood flour/chitosan/PVC (WF/CS/PVC) compounds were measured by a torque rheometer using roller-style rotating blades at various setting temperatures (175 and 185 °C) and rotation speeds (30, 45, 60, and 75 rpm). The torque rheological parameters were calculated based on the Marquez model and Arrhenius equation. The torque rheological curves of WF/CS/PVC composites were similar to WF/PVC composites without chitosan. The classical Marquez model was verified to be suitable for both WF/PVC and WF/CS/PVC composites. Specifically, the activation energy (ΔE), n value, and range of C(n)m for the former and latter were 27.698 kJ•mol-1 and 29.237 kJ•mol-1, 0.382 and 0.381, and 4.415 to 5.749 N•m•sn and 4.652 to 6.079 N•m•sn, respectively. The rheological properties of WF/CS/PVC composites did not show a great qualitative enhancement compared to WF/PVC composites.
Land Surface Microwave Emissivities Derived from AMSR-E and MODIS Measurements with Advanced Quality Control

[1] A microwave emissivity database has been developed with data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) and with ancillary land surface temperature (LST) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the same Aqua spacecraft. The primary intended application of the database is to provide surface emissivity constraints in atmospheric and surface property retrieval or assimilation. An additional application is to serve as a dynamic indicator of land surface properties relevant to climate change monitoring. The precision of the emissivity data is estimated to be significantly better than in prior databases from other sensors due to the precise collocation with high-quality MODIS LST data and due to the quality control features of our data analysis system. The accuracy of the emissivities in deserts and semiarid regions is enhanced by applying, in those regions, a version of the emissivity retrieval algorithm that accounts for the penetration of microwave radiation through dry soil with diurnally varying vertical temperature gradients. These results suggest that this penetration effect is more widespread and more significant to interpretation of passive microwave measurements than had been previously established. Emissivity coverage in areas where persistent cloudiness interferes with the availability of MODIS LST data is achieved using a classification-based method to spread emissivity data from less-cloudy areas that have similar microwave surface properties. Evaluations and analyses of the emissivity products over homogeneous snow-free areas are presented, including application to retrieval of soil temperature profiles. Spatial inhomogeneities are the largest in the vicinity of large water bodies due to the large water/land emissivity contrast and give rise to large apparent temporal variability in the retrieved emissivities when satellite footprint locations vary over time. This issue will be dealt with in the future by including a water fraction correction. Also note that current reliance on the MODIS day-night algorithm as a source of LST limits the coverage of the database in the Polar Regions. We will consider relaxing the current restrictions as part of future development.
Menstrual Hygiene and Emotions attached to Menstruation among Adolescent Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study among Irula Tribe (Tamil Nadu)

Menstrual hygiene is one of the vital components of reproductive health but it is insufficiently addressed. Especially in developing countrylike India, which is taking immense measures to bring in decline in maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate, it is essential to be sensitive to these issues. Adolescent girls from the tribal community of India are undisputedly considered as the weakest sections of the population in view of socio cultural factors, economic, educational status, access to health care facilitates and lack of adequative information on health. There are 23,116 Irula households in Tamil Nadu (Census,2011). Irulas are mainly concentrated in north-eastern part of Tamil Nadu. Objective: A descriptive, cross-sectional community based study was conducted among 140 adolescent girls situated in Chengalpattu, Kanchipuram, Thiruvallur and Villupuram. The present study was designed to assess the knowledge, beliefs and source of information regarding menstruation, identify the status of menstrual hygiene and emotions attached to menstruation. Methods: Consecutive sampling technique and mixed method was used to collect data. In the quantitative method, semi structured interview schedule was administrated to 140 adolescent females and two focus group discussion was used to collect data in the qualitative part. Findings: Respondents were found to be in the age group between 13 yrs-18 yrs and the mean age was 15yrs. Two third (67%) of the respondents were aware of menstruation prior to their own experience. The awareness was mainly from their friends. All the respondents were using only cotton clothes as absorbents. Majority (89%)of them were aware that menstruation was physiological.Nearly two fifth (58%) of the respondents failed to attend school during menstruation time.Lack of toilet facilities, water facility, distance between school and home were some of the major factors which prevented the respondents from attending school. Majority (91%) of the respondents considered attaining of puberty as curse as some of them were stopped from going to school and they are seen eligible for marriage. Food restrictions were common. Egg, chicken, mutton, sugar were considered to increase bleeding. Emotions like humiliation, anger, rejection were associated with menstruation. Conclusion: For women to enjoy good reproduction health it is very essential to concentrate the menstrual hygiene of the adolescent girls. During this period both the physical and mental health of the girls needs to be addressed. This would pave path to better reproductive health in women.
Do cyclones and forest fragmentation have synergistic effects? A before-after study of rainforest vegetation structure at multiple sites.

Ecological degradation within areas of remnant forest may be amplified if the effects of fragmentation interact with the effects of other environmental disturbances such as wind storms. We used before-after comparisons to assess the effects of Tropical Cyclone Larry on remnant and continuous rainforest in the Wet Tropics uplands of north-eastern Australia. Vegetation structure was measured three years before the cyclone and six months afterwards, at eight continuous forest sites and eight remnants (6-37 ha), within 20 km of the cyclone's track. The cyclone caused extensive defoliation, felling and breakage of stems and branches (greatest among the trees >100 cm diameter which had around 50% stem loss), and increased litter and woody debris. Cyclone effects were strongly influenced by a site's spatial position (P = 0.005, 0.001 in multivariate analyses of overall damage). Maximum damage occurred 10-15 km south of the cyclone track, perhaps because of the additive effects of the west-moving air at the southern eyewall combined with the cyclone's own rapid westward movement. Most fragments were south of the cyclone track, as a consequence of spatially-selective deforestation practices, and therefore showed greatest damage However, once the effects of spatial position were considered, the independent differences in cyclone effects between fragments and continuous forest were lost (P = 0.23, 0.41 when north-south distance was included as a covariate in analyses). The expected protection afforded by a continuous forest canopy seems to have disappeared in the face of extremely strong cyclonic winds and down-draughts. Nevertheless, an interaction between fragmentation and disturbance may yet occur, during the period of post-cyclone recovery, due to the effects of landscape context on plant recruitment. For example, there was a higher diversity of exotic seedling germination in fragments, independent of the extent of cyclone damage.
Determinants of Employee Salary Growth in Shanghai : An Analysis of Formal Education , Onthe-job Training , and Adult Education with a Three-level Model *

Using survey data from 2,206 employees in Shanghai, China, in 1998, this study estimates the effects of three forms of human capital development on employee salary growth; namely, formal education, on-the-job training provided by employers, and adult education pursued by employees outside their firms. Using a hierarchical linear model, the analysis estimates employee salary growth over a period of five years during the economic transition from 1992 to 1995 due to (a) temporal factors, (b) individuallevel characteristics, and (c) firm-level characteristics. This study finds that (a) pre-job formal education is positively associated with salary only at the initial data-collection time, (b) the experience of employees in The China Review, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Fall 2001), 73–110
The Efficacy of Using Lidocaine Jelly 2% for Prevention of Inadvertent Retrograde Stone Displacement during Pneumatic Lithotripsy of Upper Ureteral Stone

: Aim:to assess the efficacy of lidocaine jelly instillation proximal to the upper ureteral stone during intracorporial pneumatic lithotripsy using semirigiduretroscope for the prevention of retrograde migration and improvement in stone free rate. Forty patients with upper ureteric stone were studied in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital /Baghdad/ Iraq during the period from February 2015 to December 2015. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups, group (A) patients were undergone pneumatic lithotripsy using lidocaine jelly 2% proximal to the ureteric stone. Group (B) patients underwent the pneumatic lithotripsy without using lidocaine jelly. A 5Fr double J was left in place for 4 weeks & patients were followed up with ultrasound & CT for abdomen & pelvis. It was found that the 2 groups were comparable with regard to age & stone size. Stone or its fragment migration occurred in 5% & 30% of patients in group A & B respectively, a significant difference P=0.0382. At 4 weeks follow up with imaging, the stone free rate was 95% & 65% in group A & B respectively. This difference was also statistically significant (p=0.01711). Although the mean operative time was slightly longer in the group A (42 ±10 minutes) than in group B (40 ±10 minutes), the difference was not significant (p=0.361). We concluded that lidocaine jelly instillation proximal to ueretral calculi during pneumatic lithotripsy is an effective method of preventing retrograde stone displacement as well as significantly improving the stone free rate.