Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vision, healing brush, and fiber bundles

The Healing Brush is a tool introduced for the first time in Adobe Photoshop (2002) that removes defects in images by seamless cloning (gradient domain fusion). The Healing Brush algorithms are built on a new mathematical approach that uses Fibre Bundles and Connections to model the representation of images in the visual system. Our mathematical results are derived from first principles of human vision, related to adaptation transforms of von Kries type and Retinex theory. In this paper we present the new result of Healing in arbitrary color space. In addition to supporting image repair and seamless cloning, our approach also produces the exact solution to the problem of high dynamic range compression of17 and can be applied to other image processing algorithms.
How do young people in Cambodia perceive the impact of societal attitudes, media and religion on suicidal behaviour?

Background: Young people in low and middle income countries (LMICs) in societal transitions with rapidly changing norms face an increased risk of suicide. This study explores how young people in Cambodia understand the impact on suicidal behaviour from societal attitudes, media and religion. Material: Focus group discussions were held with school students from a suburban area. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. Discussion: Participants perceived the prevailing suicide-stigmatizing societal attitudes, the double-edged media and suicide-ambiguity in Buddhist religion as challenging. Globalization was recognized as contradicting with traditional Cambodian norms and values. Conclusion: Suicide prevention programmes should take into consideration the complex picture of suicide that young people are exposed to.
Uses of strength-based interventions for people with serious mental illness: A critical review

Background: For the past 3 decades, mental health practitioners have increasingly adopted aspects and tools of strength-based approaches. Providing strength-based intervention and amplifying strengths relies heavily on effective interpersonal processes. Aim: This article is a critical review of research regarding the use of strength-based approaches in mental health service settings. The aim is to discuss strength-based interventions within broader research on recovery, focussing on effectiveness and advances in practice where applicable. Method: A systematic search for peer-reviewed intervention studies published between 2001 and December 2014 yielded 55 articles of potential relevance to the review. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to appraise the quality of the studies. Our review found emerging evidence that the utilisation of a strength-based approach improves outcomes including hospitalisation rates, employment/educational attainment, and intrapersonal outcomes such as self-efficacy and sense of hope. Conclusion: Recent studies confirm the feasibility of implementing a high-fidelity strength-based approach in clinical settings and its relevance for practitioners in health care. More high-quality studies are needed to further examine the effectiveness of strength-based approaches.
Effects of the diagnostic label ‘schizophrenia’, actively used or passively accepted, on general practitioners’ views of this disorder

Background: General practitioners (GPs) play a key role in the care of somatic and psychiatric problems in people diagnosed with schizophrenia (PWS). It is probable that, like other health professionals, GPs are not all free of prejudices toward PWS. In clinical practice, GPs sometimes interact with clients diagnosed with schizophrenia by specialists, passively accepting this diagnosis. Other times, GPs interact with clients having symptoms of schizophrenia but who have not been diagnosed. In this case, GPs are expected to actively make a diagnosis. Giving the key role of GPs in the process of care, it is worthwhile examining whether passive acceptance and active usage of the diagnosis schizophrenia have differential effects on GPs’ attitudes toward people with this disorder. Aims: To investigate GPs’ views of schizophrenia and whether they were influenced by a ‘schizophrenia’ label, passively accepted or actively used. Methods: A total of 430 randomly selected GPs were invited to complete a questionnaire about their views of schizophrenia, either after reading a description of this disorder and making a diagnosis, or without being provided with a description but passively accepting the label ‘schizophrenia’ given in the questionnaire. Results: The GPs who passively accepted the label schizophrenia (n = 195) and those who actively identified schizophrenia from the description (n = 127) had similar views. Compared to the GPs who did not identify schizophrenia in the description (n = 65), those who used the diagnosis, actively or passively: more frequently reported heredity and less frequently psychosocial factors as causes of the disorder; were more skeptical about recovery; were more convinced of the need for long-term pharmacotherapies; believed more strongly that PWS should be discriminated against when in medical hospital; and perceived PWS as more dangerous and as kept at greater social distance. Conclusion: The diagnosis ‘schizophrenia’, however used, is associated with pessimistic views. Stigma education should be provided to GPs.
Involvement of superoxide dismutase in oxidative stress in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis: molecular cloning and expression profiles.

BACKGROUND Bactrocera dorsalis, one of the most economically important fruit fly pests in East Asia, is well adapted to various environmental conditions. Pesticides, pathogens and other stresses can cause oxidative damage in most organisms. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) family contains some of the most important enzymes in the antioxidant protection system of the fruit fly and other organisms. RESULTS Four full-length cDNA sequences encoding one MnSOD (BdSOD2-1) and three Cu-ZnSODs (BdSOD1-1, BdSOD1-2 and BdSOD1-3) were cloned. The expression profiles of these four genes under different stresses showed them to be involved in response to detrimental conditions including heavy metals, pesticides, extreme temperatures and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stresses. More specifically, the expression levels of these genes were found to be depressed in the presence of copper, zinc and manganese. The expression of all four SOD genes increased upon exposure to lead, cadmium, low temperature (0 °C) and LPS stresses. Only BdSOD1-3 transcription increased significantly at high temperature (40 °C) exposure. The expressions levels of BdSOD1-2 and BdSOD1-3 increased significantly in the presence of β-cypermethrin and malathion, but only the expression of BdSOD2-1 increased in the presence of avermectin treatment. CONCLUSION These different expression profiles suggest that the four BdSODs play different roles and respond to different oxidative stresses in B. dorsalis. Some BdSODs undergo specific reaction in the response to specific oxidative stresses.
Stigma-related mental health knowledge and attitudes among primary health workers and community health volunteers in rural Kenya

Background: The study was conducted in rural Kenya and assessed stigma in health workers from primary health facilities. Aims: This study compared variations in stigma-related mental health knowledge and attitudes between primary health workers (HWs) and community health volunteers (CHVs). Methods: Participants (n = 44 HWs and n = 60 CHVs) completed the self-report Mental Health Knowledge Schedule and the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale, along with sociodemographic questions. Multiple regression models were used to assess predictors of mental health knowledge and stigmatizing behaviors. Results: HWs had significantly higher mean mental health knowledge scores than CHVs, p < . 001, and significantly higher mean positive attitudes scores than CHVs, p = . 042. When controlling for relevant covariates, higher positive attitudes was the only significant predictor of higher mental health knowledge, and self-rating of sense of belonging to the community and mental health knowledge remained the main predictors of positive attitudes. Conclusion: Results suggest that stigma-related mental health knowledge and attitudes are associated, and interventions should target these areas with health workers. There is scope for intervention to increase knowledge and positive attitudes for individuals who feel a strong sense of community belonging. Future studies should test feasible ways to reduce stigma in this population.
A subband coding technique for image compression in single CCD cameras with Bayer color filter arrays

This paper presents a subband coding technique suitable for image compression in a single CCD camera with a Bayer color filter array (CFA). In it, we have applied a SSKF (symmetric short kernel filter) both horizontally and vertically to red and blue color signals, and a two dimensional perfect reconstruction filter to green color signals. Here, we compare this technique to two other image compression methods: DPCM and the Hadamard transform, each of which also allows an output signal from the CCD in a color camera to be compressed directly with simple logic circuitry and is suitable for use in low cost video conference cameras. Simulation results demonstrate that the subband coding offers the best quality (27-30 dB) with a compression ratio of approximately 2 bit/pel.
Sensitivity of Phakopsora pachyrhizi towards quinone-outside-inhibitors and demethylation-inhibitors, and corresponding resistance mechanisms.

BACKGROUND Since the invasion of Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Syd. & P. Syd.) in Brazil, there have been detrimental yield losses of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]. Disease management is mainly based on fungicide treatment. The sensitivity of single P. pachyhrizi isolates towards different demethylation-inhibitors (DMIs) and quinone-outside-inhibitors (QoI) was surveyed and the corresponding resistance mechanisms were analysed. RESULTS The QoI-response remained stable, while a loss of sensitivity towards DMIs occurred. Molecular analyses of cytochrome b showed an intron after codon 143 which is reported to prevent the development of a G143A mutation. Analysis of cyp51 revealed that point mutations and overexpression are involved in the sensitivity reduction towards DMIs. Of the detected mutations, Y131F and Y131H, respectively, and K142R are likely homologous to mutations found in other pathogens. As suggested by modelling studies, these three mutations as well as additional mutations F120L, I145F and I475T correlate to increased effective doses of 50%, ED50 -values, towards all tested DMIs. Furthermore, a constitutive up-regulation of the cyp51-gene up to ten-fold was noticed in some of the DMI-adapted isolates, while all sensitive isolates responded as the wild type. CONCLUSION The G143A mutation is thought to result in significant as well as stable resistance factors towards QoIs, while other mutations play only a minor role. Since G143A development is prevented in Phakopsora pachyhrizi, a stable control of soybean rust with QoIs in future is rather likely. In contrast, a shifting in sensitivity towards DMIs has been observed, which is due to multiple independent mechanisms.
Strengths and virtues and the development of resilience: A qualitative study in Suriname during a time of economic crisis

Background: Resilience can be described as the capacity to deal with adversity and traumatic events. The current economic situation in Suriname and its social economic consequences may demand a great amount of resilience for people living in Suriname. In this explorative study, we examined the relation between strengths and resilience among the three major ethnic groups in Suriname. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants. We sought to gather viewpoints from community representatives, health care professionals and academic scholars about the personal resources used by people in Suriname to help them deal with the consequences of the current socio-economic crisis. Results: We identified major five strengths that were associated with resilience: religiousness, hope, harmony, acceptance and perseverance. While these strengths contribute to the development of resilience, they can under certain circumstances have an ambiguous influence. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that religiousness is the bedrock strength for the development of resilience in Suriname. We recommend that future positive psychological interventions in non-Western countries integrate positive activities with religious elements into program interventions to achieve a better cultural fit.
Caspofungin therapy for Aspergillus lung infection in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease

: Neutrophils of patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) are profoundly defective in killing microorganisms. As in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, CGD patients are highly susceptible to life-threatening invasive Aspergillus infections, and conventional antimycotic treatment is not always successful. The new drug, caspofungin, was used to treat Aspergillus lung infection in one child with CGD.
Optimal Placements of Flexible Objects: Part II: A Simulated Annealing Approach for the Bounded Case

For pt.I see ibid., p.890-904. The paper is a continuation of the first part, where the authors considered regular arrangements of flexible objects for the unbounded case. The present part deals with a simulated annealing algorithm maximizing the number of flexible objects in equilibrium placements within rigid boundaries. The forces caused by the boundary are taken into account, i.e., the bounded case of placements is considered. The simulated annealing procedure makes use of the special structure of the underlying configuration space and relationships between deformations of flexible objects and resulting forces. This allows one to obtain tight bounds for the annealing parameters which result in n/sup 3/2//spl middot/In/sup 5/2/ and n/spl middot/In/sup 2/n time bounds, respectively, for the computation of equilibrium states by two different cooling schedules. The deformation/force formula is derived from a physical model of flexible discs and is based on numerical experiments which were performed for different materials and different sizes of objects. The algorithm was first implemented and tested for the unbounded case. The run-time is relatively short, even for large numbers of placed discs. These results are compared to the analytical ones obtained for regular placements in the first part of the paper, and agreement between these two sets of results are observed. Furthermore, several experiments for placements with boundary conditions were carried out and the resulting placements clearly show the effect of the forces from the rigid boundary.
Potential Complications of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children of a Non-Urban Community

Results: The results showed that recurrent abdominal pain, recurrent vomiting and anorexia were 81 (67.5%), 24 (20%) and 15 (12.5%), respectively in H. pylori-infected patients, compared to 28 (28%), 8 (8%) and 4 (4%) in control group. Weight and height were 20.4 ± 1 kg and 128.1 ± 1 cm in case group compared to 25.6 ± 1.7 kg and 133.8 ± 2 cm in control group. Sideropenic anemia was 36.7% in patients compared to 15% in control. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study findings revealed that pediatric H. pylori infection is associated with recurrent abdominal pain, anorexia and recurrent vomiting, also adversely affects the growth of children in various modalities; in particular weight, height and progressive incidence of sideropenic anemia.
Benefits of Periodontal Therapy When Preterm Birth Threatens

There is growing evidence that chronic periodontitis may be a risk factor for pre-term birth. The goal of this intervention study was to determine the effect of periodontal treatment on the pregnancy outcome in women with threatening pre-term birth and initial localized chronic periodontitis. Forty-one women with a singleton pregnancy were enrolled in the study. For this treatment group, oral hygiene instruction and periodontal therapy were provided in the third trimester, while those in the control group (42 persons) did not receive any periodontal treatment. In the treatment group, the mean weight of newborns was 3079.0 g, compared with the control group mean of 2602.4 g. The incidence of pre-term birth and low birthweight in the treatment group was significantly less than in the control group (p = 0.015). Periodontal treatment completed before the 35th week appeared to have a beneficial effect on birth weight and time of delivery.
Concerns of Hydrothermal Degradation in CAD/CAM Zirconia

Zirconia-based restorations are widely used in prosthetic dentistry; however, their susceptibility to hydrothermal degradation remains elusive. We hypothesized that CAD/CAM machining and subsequent surface treatments, i.e., grinding and/or grit-blasting, have marked effects on the hydrothermal degradation behavior of Y-TZP. CAD/CAM-machined Y-TZP plates (0.5 mm thick), both with and without subsequent grinding with various grit sizes or grit-blasting with airborne alumina particles, were subjected to accelerated aging tests in a steam autoclave. Results showed that the CAD/CAM-machined surfaces initially exhibited superior hydrothermal degradation resistance, but deteriorated at a faster rate upon prolonged autoclave treatment compared with ground and grit-blasted surfaces. The accelerated hydrothermal degradation of CAD/CAM surfaces is attributed to the CAD/CAM machining damage and the absence of surface compressive stresses in the fully sintered material. Clinical relevance for surface treatments of zirconia frameworks in terms of hydrothermal and structural stabilities is addressed.
Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of dental disease in pet rabbits

DENTAL disease is common in pet rabbits. Primary malocclusion due to hereditary defects or trauma is not the only cause of tooth problems. Recent work has demonstrated that selective feeding habits of pet rabbits can lead to calcium deficiency which affects bone and tooth quality. The result is progressive acquired dental disease. The aim of this article is to describe each stage of dental disease, discussing clinical and radiological findings, treatment and prognosis.
Long-term Dental Visiting Patterns and Adult Oral Health

To date, the evidence supporting the benefits of dental visiting comes from cross-sectional studies. We investigated whether long-term routine dental visiting was associated with lower experience of dental caries and missing teeth, and better self-rated oral health, by age 32. A prospective cohort study in New Zealand examined 932 participants’ use of dentistry at ages 15, 18, 26, and 32. At each age, routine attenders (RAs) were identified as those who (a) usually visited for a check-up, and (b) had made a dental visit during the previous 12 months. Routine attending prevalence fell from 82% at age 15 to 28% by 32. At any given age, routine attenders had better-than-average oral health, fewer had teeth missing due to caries, and they had lower mean DS and DMFS scores. By age 32, routine attenders had better self-reported oral health and less tooth loss and caries. The longer routine attendance was maintained, the stronger the effect. Routine dental attendance is associated with better oral health.
Routine Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults

With improved survival of adult patients with HIV-infection, providing routine immunizations as a part of chronic disease management is an increasingly important issue for clinicians. Unfortunately, although the burdens of vaccine preventable diseases, such as hepatitis B and pneumococcal disease, are substantial for this patient population, currently available data show that most routine vaccinations are not administered to the majority of patients at risk despite widespread availability. Therefore, this review will discuss for clinicians the data regarding the safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of vaccines in adults infected with HIV, to make an evidence-based case for increased vaccine utilization in the care of HIV-infected patients.
Novel Cleft Susceptibility Genes in Chromosome 6q

Cleft lip/palate is a defect of craniofacial development. In previous reports, chromosome 6q has been suggested as a candidate region for cleft lip/palate. A multipoint posterior probability of linkage analysis of multiplex families from the Philippines attributed an 88% probability of harboring a cleft-susceptibility gene to a narrower region on bands 6q14.2-14.3. We genotyped 2732 individuals from families and unrelated individuals with and without clefts to investigate the existence of possible cleft-susceptibility genes in this region. We found association of PRSS35 and SNAP91 genes with cleft lip/palate in the case-control cohort and in Caucasian families. Haplotype analyses support the individual associations with PRSS35. We found Prss35 expression in the head and palate of mouse embryos at critical stages for palatogenesis, whereas Snap91 was expressed in the adult brain. We provide further evidence of the involvement of chromosome 6q in cleft lip/palate and suggest PRSS35 as a novel candidate gene.
Trend of Income-related Inequality of Child Oral Health in Australia

It is important that we monitor socio-economic inequality in health. Inequality in child oral health has been expected to widen because of widening socio-economic inequality. This study aimed to evaluate trends in income-related inequality in caries experience of Australian children. Cross-sectional studies in 1992/93 and 2002/03 collected data on deciduous caries experience of 5- to 10-year-olds and permanent caries experience of 6- to 12-year-olds. Household composition and income was used to calculate quartiles of equivalized income. Slope Index of Inequality (SII), Concentration Index (CI), and regression-based rate ratios were used to quantify income-related inequality and to evaluate trends. Income-related inequality in caries experience was evident regardless of time and dentition. The three indicators of inequality indicate a significant increase in income-related inequality in child deciduous caries experience during the decade. The income inequality in permanent caries experience did not change significantly. Income inequalities increased in deciduous teeth, but not in permanent teeth, among Australian children.
Mothers’ Caries Increases Odds of Children’s Caries

There are many determinants of children’s dental caries. We hypothesized that a mother’s untreated caries was associated with increased likelihood of her children’s untreated caries, after controlling for other factors. This population-based study was conducted in a rural, primarily Hispanic, California community. Interview and dental examination data for mother-child (children < 18 yrs old) dyads were analyzed. In a Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) logit model for mothers (n = 179) and children (n = 387), maternal untreated caries was a statistically significant correlate of child’s untreated caries, odds ratio (OR) = 1.76 (95%CI: 1.10, 2.70), adjusted for demographic factors. This relationship did not change when behavioral and dental utilization factors were added to the model, OR = 1.85 (95% CI: 1.12, 3.07). Maternal untreated caries almost doubled the odds of children’s untreated caries and significantly increased child’s caries severity by about 3 surfaces. Caries prevention and dental utilization programs for mothers and their children should be increased.