Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural Interest Rate : Is 2 % CPI Inflation Still the Right Target ?

This paper uses the semi-structural Laubach and Williams model to estimate the timevarying natural rate of interest by Kalman filter and Maximum Likelihood method, applying it for the first time to Czech data. The results show a significant decrease of the natural interest rate during the past decade, which constitutes further evidence for the wide-spread notion that structural factors in many countries have shifted after the global financial crisis. The paper’s contribution is mainly represented by preparing ground for further research. It concludes that the basic version of the Laubach and Williams model is not optimal for the Czech environment and suggests appropriate adjustments to it. It discusses and analyzes sources of potential problems with the estimation, notably the issues of singularity and model specification. Eventually the paper concludes that due to the low significance of results and the uncertainty of gains and losses related to a policy switch, the best reaction of the central bank would be to keep the current regime and inflation target. JEL Classification C32, E43, E52, O40
Allomorph Discovery as a Basis for Learning Alternations

 In Optimality Theory, we know how to rank constraints correctly, given a suitable set of inputs, winning candidates, and losers (Tesar and Smolensky 1993, 2000)  Free variation doesn’t bother us, since our frameworks and algorithms can accurately learn such patterns as probabilistic grammars, that match frequency (Boersma and Hayes 2000, Goldwater and Johnson 2003, Boersma and Pater 2016, etc.)  We can learn the phonotactics of a set of surface forms (Hayes and Wilson 2008).
A Symbolic Database for Fingerprints Storage - How to Build It?

Databases which store pictures of fingerprints are very complex and contain large amount of data which make them hard to explore. This problem can be solved by implementing symbols within the database which represent pictures of fingerprints. Namely, it is known that most minutiae, i.e. papule's lines marks, can be placed in one out of six already defined classes. This paper shows how to build a database which ensures that two-dimensional fingerprint picture is quickly and accurately recognized within the database according to the pre-defined classes of minutiae. The creation of this symbolic database for fingerprints storage would enable that each fingerprint picture which is converted in two-dimensional square matrix is classified in one out of six pre-defined classes according to the type of minutiae. These pre-defined classes of minutiae are: minutiae termination, minutiae bifurcation, minutiae spur, minutiae dot, minutiae lake and minutiae crossover. If each minutiae class is properly marked using some symbol, the fingerprints database could be explored quicker in a real-time manner. Fingerprints are categorized according to the number and type of minutiae which makes it possible for them to be explored according to these criteria. Such database organization could be used in pre-processing during the identification of fingerprints.
Evaluation of Chlorophyll and Cellulose Content in Different Varieties of Aonla during Room Temperature Storage

Emblica officinalis (aonla) is native of tropical India and Southeast Asia, commonly named as ‘Indian gooseberry’. Nutritional, commercial and medicinal significance of aonla fruit makes it popular all over the world [1]. Aonla is an excellent source of ascorbic acid (300-900 mg/100 g), as well as fiber content and amino acid along with phytochemicals such as polyphenols, tannins, emblicol, linoleic acid, corilagin, phyllemblin and rutin [2]. Owing to its excellent nutritional profile and physico-chemical properties, aonla is processed into different types of product. Aonla fruit having sour and astringent taste, generally utilized raw, cooked or in the form of pickle. Murrabas, juice, jam, cheese, candy, powder, beverage, chutney are the different types of aonla products available in the market and preferred by the consumer being the rich source of vitamin C and antioxidants. Aonla is one of the main constituent of many ayurvedic preparations like Triphla and Chyawanprash [3]. As fruit matures and ripen, green colour decline and develops yellow, red or other colours due to the presence of accessory pigments, which are characteristic of the various fruits and their cultivars. Chlorophyll is the major pigment that dominates in unripe stages of fruits and vegetables. Chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ are most common pigments in all photosynthetic and storage tissues. The colour change in fruits from green to yellow is mainly due to chlorophyll degradation, which subsequently reveals the presence of yellow carotenoids pigments [4]. Cell wall composition i.e. cellulose, acid detergent fiber plays an important role in determining fruit firmness in different fruit crops. Cellulose is a straight chain polymer of glucose and represents one of the most abundant compounds. The primary cell wall of fruits which can be viewed as biphasic composites of cellulose micro fibrils and a matrix element consisting of two polysaccharide classes-pectin and hemicelluloses, undergoes structural and compositional changes during storage. Cellulase is considered to be responsible for the hydrolysis of cellulose fibrils of the cell wall. There is dearth of literature availability on physico-chemical properties of various Indian cultivar of aonla. The present investigation was therefore planned to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and nutritional composition of five different varieties of aonla.
EXTENSIVE MARGIN EFFECTS OF TAX EVASION WITH MOBILITY BETWEEN THE LEGAL AND HIDDEN SECTORS

This paper incorporates mobility between the legal and black economies into a model of tax evasion with endogenous labor supply,in which underreporting is possible in one sector but is impossible in the other. After applying this framework to various tax evasion scenarios,we have found that the results of the effects along the extensive margin (number of evaders) become more robust and conclusive than those along the intensive margin usually considered by the literature.In particular,it is shown that the following facts reduce the number of evaders:a) Larger and more progressive evasion penalties; b) Higher detection probabilities; c) An increase in the legal sector wage rate; d) A decrease in the moonlighting wage rate; e) Higher costs for creating opportunities to evade; f) Lower opportunities to evade, and g) Greater psychological costs of tax evasion. When hours of illegal work are also taken into account, policies c), d) and g) continue being valid to reduce total tax evasion, provided that then the sign of the effects along the extensive margin coincides with that of the effects along the intensive margin. The same holds for policies a) and b) in connection with lowand middle-income groups and for policies e) and f) in connection with high-income groups, but not vice-versa given that, in that last case the sign of such effects are contradictory.
Ecotoxicological and physicochemical evaluation of an effluent of a shrimp farm located in Northeastern Brazil

Aquaculture produces effluents which negatively impact the environment. Quality control of such effluents is generally undertaken via the analysis of physical and chemical parameters; however, such an isolated approach does not provide data on the effects on the organisms exposed to the effluents. Thus, ecotoxicological bioassays are used to assist in traditional physical-chemical determinations to complement chemical data. This study analyzed physicochemical variables, dissolved nutrients, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and toxicity of a shrimp farm effluent in the State of Ceará, Brazil. Values of physical-chemical parameters and dissolved inorganic nutrients analyzed in the effluent remained similar to those found in other studies, except for orthophosphate, which presented higher levels. Only ammonia and dissolved oxygen presented variations over the sampling period, while the other parameters analyzed did not present relevant variations. The LC50 ranged from 7.37 to 18.91%, indicating potential toxicity of the effluent, particularly in April (LC50 7.37%). This high toxicity could be due to the impact of runoff, which inserts pollutants, such as heavy metals, into the sedimentation basin.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone concentrations between the pregnancy rates and pregnancy continuity of cows in different age groups

The potential relationships between Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) concentrations and fertility were investigated by examining pregnancy rates and early pregnancy loss in different age groups of cows. Holstein heifers (17.35 ± 1.35 months, n = 20), young cows (3.25 ± 1.02 years, n = 20), and old cows (6.7 ± 0.80 years, n = 20) were synchronised and time fixed inseminated. A single blood sample per animal was taken during oestrus just before artificial insemination (AI), (Day 0) for the AMH analysis. The highest plasma AMH concentrations were determined in the heifer group (149.01 ± 12.62 pg/ml, P < 0.001) in the study. The AMH concentrations and conception rates decreased with age. The Day-0-AMH concentrations were higher in the pregnant animals at Day 20 after AI than in the non-pregnant animals (P < 0.05) in each group. The mean Day-0-AMH concentrations in the pregnant animals at Day 60 after AI was higher (P < 0.001) than the AMH concentrations in those with a detected pregnancy loss between D20 and D60, and also in those with a pregnancy loss and not being pregnant by Day 20 considered together. When each group was assessed on its own, based on the pregnancy results of Day 60, the Day-0-AMH concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the pregnant heifers than in the non-pregnant heifers and heifers with a pregnancy loss (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the AMH analysis might provide valuable information on the reproductive efficiency of the animals in a herd.
How are technology-related workplace resources associated with techno-work engagement among a group of Finnish teachers?

Teachers perceive the digitalisation of teaching not only as demanding but also as an inspiring aspect of their work. Prior studies have mainly focused on teachers’ negative experiences, such as technostress. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to explore how technology-related workplace resources, such as technology-related self-efficacy and autonomy, predict teachers’ positive well-being, techno-work engagement. Based on prior studies, it was hypothesised that three technology-related job resources are associated with higher techno-work engagement and technology-related self-efficacy is associated with higher techno-work engagement. Data was collected from Finnish teachers and principals (N=183) via a web-based questionnaire as part of a larger research project. Most of the participants were female teachers. The hypotheses were tested with structural equation modelling. The key findings indicated that technology-related self-efficacy had strongest impact on techno-work engagement. In addition, technology-related autonomy and technology-related competence support were statistically significant predictors of techno-work engagement. The findings suggest that similar workplace resources, which predict general work engagement, are also relevant in the context of techno-work engagement. Some practical recommendations are made concerning enhancement of teachers’ technology-related self-efficacy at schools.
INFLUENCE LIQUIDITY , ACTIVITY AND GROWTH TOWARD PROFITABILITY PERFORMANCE WITH LEVERAGE AND CASH FLOW AS INTERVENING VARIABLES Study in Type C Hospital at The PT Nusantara Sebelas

The purpose of this study was to analyze financial ratios which included liquidity ratios, activity ratios, leverage ratios and profitability ratios to assess the financial performance of three type C hospitals managed by PT Nusantara Sebelas Medika. Data analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS). The results in this study showed that Liquidity has insignificant effect on Leverage and cash flow. Activity also has insignificant effect on Leverage. Growth has insignificant on Cash Flow. Instead, growth was significant on leverage. Liquidity, activity and growth also have significant effect on profitability performance and support with positive influence direction in this study. Finally, leverage and cash flow have significant effect on profitability performance.
The Bronfenbrenner ecological systems theory of human development

This article is focused on Urie Bronfenbrenner ́s ecological theory of human development and socialization. In Finland this theory has been applied in psychology and pedagogy in relation to the phenomena of development and education. In the field of early childhood education the Bronfenbrenner ecological theory has been in recurrent use for well over twenty years. In this article the light is cast specifically on the applicability of the Bronfenbrenner theory to different areas of student research activity, its degree of social orientation, its main features and the ways of its modeling. The article is a theoretical one, based on written works and the author ́s personal experience gained while tutoring student research. Societies and child development Urie Bronfenbrenner was an American psychologist. He was the son of Doctor Alexander Bronfenbrenner and Eugenia Kamenetskaja, born on April 29, 1917 in Moscow, Russia. He was 6 years old, when coming to the United States. He died on September 25, 2005. This year it is 90 years since his birth and two years since his death. This article is dedicated to his memory. Bronfenbrenner is revered as one of the leading world authorities in the field of development psychology. His most important brainchild was the ecological systems theory, where he defines the four concentric systems that are the micro-, the meso-, the exoand the macrosystems. He later added a time-related fifth system, the chronosystem (Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia.)
Impact of proactive orientation and innovation on exports. Case Colombia / Impacto da orientação proativa e inovação nas exportações. Caso Colômbia

This research paper presents the relationship between the proactive orientation towards the market and the novelty degree of innovation in the internationalization of companies, measured with the export intensity. The data to test the hypothesis of the research were obtained from a sample of Colombian manufacturers from the Second Survey of Development and Technological Innovation, conducted by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE by its abbreviation in Spanish) in Colombia. The survey seeks to establish the dynamics of technological development of the Colombian manufacturing company in terms of the intensity and trajectory of the innovation and technological development activities. From the total number of companies consulted, there were 297 in different sectors that responded to the survey and provided their information to be used in the study. The data were treated by means of a model of ordered logistic regression, whose result was the conclusion that there is a positive relationship between the proactive orientation towards the market and the export intensity, while it was not possible to demonstrate the relationship between novelty in innovation and the same export intensity.
Effect of Educational Clinical Guidelines Program of Medication Errors on Pediatric Nurses ' Knowledge Regarding Patient Safety

Background: Medication errors are a major significant issue affecting patient safety in hospitals and often posing dangerous consequences for patients. In children medication errors cause appreciable morbidity and mortality. Aim of the study:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational clinical guidelines program of medication errors on pediatric nurses' knowledge regarding patient safety. Research design:It is a quasi-experimental study. With one-group pre-test/post-test design. Subject and methods: A convenient sample of (n=28) pediatric nurses recruited from different general wards (in patients) Pediatric University Hospital (EL Moniera Hospital) affiliated to Cairo University was constituted the sample of this study. Tools of data collection: Tool I: part one for personal data of nurses, part two: Pre and post-test questionnaire of pediatric nurses’ knowledge of medication administration and errors. Tool II:Booklet of educational clinical guidelines program of reducing medication errors among pediatric nurses. Result: There was a statistically significant improvement of pediatric nurses’ knowledge level of medication errors regarding patient safety. Conclusion & Recommendations: Implementation of clinical guidelines educational program of medication errors improves pediatric nurses' level of knowledge regarding patient safety. This study recommended that the assessment of medication errors should be done periodically by improving clinical guidelines of medication administration and educational training program about medication administrations and errors with patient safety should be applied.
Chapter 2 Agglomeration , Regional Growth , and Economic Development

In the summer of 2007, the United Nations Population Fund released a report forecasting greatly increased levels of urbanization during the next two decades, especially in the developing world (United Nations 2007a). The report declared that for the first time in recorded history, more than half the world’s population resided in urban – not rural – areas. At roughly the same time, another agency of the United Nations (UN-Habitat) issued a report highlighting the slums and deplorable living conditions in cities in developing countries and estimating that at the end of 2007 there were more than a billion slum dwellers, largely in developing countries (United Nations 2007b). This latter report argued that in many cases the economic circumstances of urban migrants are worse than those of rural peasants. Four years earlier, it had been reported, also by the UN (United Nations 2003), that surveys of member governments eliciting their attitudes towards urbanization found that the “vast majority” of these governments would wish to shift populations back to rural areas and stem the tide of urbanization that has been experienced around the world.
A subgroup of Brugada patients shows low orthostatic blood pressures as a sign of decreased sympathetic outflow

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Prostate Cancer Risk-Reduction Behaviors among US Black Males Less Than 40 Years Old

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the leading cause of cancer deaths among Black men and modifications in lifestyle represent an important means of primary CaP prevention in young Black men. Thus, this study aimed to explore the cognitive-behavioral and demographic factors related to prostate cancer riskreduction behaviors (CaPB) among young Black men in Texas, United States and to examine relationships between these factors. This was a cross-sectional study of 267 Black men aged 18 to 40 years. A survey collected information on demographics, exercise, knowledge of CaP and screening, cues to action, and current engagement in CaPB. Participants were young Black males of different ethnicities and education levels recruited from local universities, churches, organization, and fraternities. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, and frequencies) were calculated for all variables, and multiple regression was employed to determine the significant (p<0.05) predictors of CaPB. Participants had low knowledge levels (mean=5.25±3.81; range 0-14), engaged in moderate levels, duration, and intensity of exercise (mean=6.44±3.147; range 0-10), mostly reported negative cues to action (79.4%), and engaged in low levels of CaPB (mean=13.7±5.62; range 0-40). Knowledge, academic classification, major field of study, and regular source of care were significant predictors of CaP risk-reduction behaviors, and the overall model accounted for 39% (p<0.01) of the behaviors. The significant, modifiable factors (such as knowledge levels and regular source of care) should be considered in the development of strategies aimed at increasing younger Black men’s engagement in CaPB.
Estimating the Conditional Gender Pay Gap : The Role of Omitted Controls

We estimate the gender pay gap using data for Germany in the years 2005, 2009 and 2013. Main interest of our analysis lies in accounting for potential omitted variable bias and its consequences for conventionally estimated gender pay gaps. In order to minimize the threat of omitted variable bias, we use a machine learning technique for model selection. This ensures that we control for the most important gender differences and wage predictors. We compare the estimated gender pay gaps and decomposition results to those of a baseline model specified in line with recent literature. Further, we evaluate the performance of the different models based on the method proposed by Oster (2017). The complete analysis is conducted at the mean as well as at specific quantiles of the wage distribution. Overall, we find evidence that more flexible model specifications as well as different model specifications along the wage distribution might be required if an (as) unbiased (as possible) estimation of the gender pay gap is of main interest. JEL: J16, C21, C52
Are recessions good for human capital accumulation ? ∗

This paper is the first to investigate to what extent the high levels of joblessness brought by the Great Recession across Europe have translated into higher school attendance among youth. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the EUSILC on 28 countries, we establish a robust counter-cyclical relationship between rising unemployment rates and school enrollment. The same is true for transitions back to education. However, our analysis by subgroups reveals a worrisome trend by which youths belonging to most disadvantaged backgrounds (measured by low household income) became less likely to enroll in University studies. The austerity measures and educational cutbacks imposed during the recession, not only changed the pattern of educational decisions among young Europeans, they also made the opportunity of skill acquisition more unequal. JEL classification : I23, I24, J64, E32
Treatment of multiple myeloma with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation – a single centre experience

Patients suffering from multiple myeloma treated with Melphalan in a standard dose and Prednizone, survive, on average, no more than four years [1]. 3% of the patients survive ten years, whereas complete remission has not been observed [2, 3]. The introduction of multi-drug chemotherapy has not improved the above figures [4]. Higher Original contributions NOWOTWORY Journal of Oncology • 2002 • volume 52 Number 3 • 195–199