Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wineries and the liability of outsidership: cases from Brazil and Chile

This qualitative research was developed in light of behavioral theories regarding company internationalization. Its objective was to study the internationalization process of two wine exporters, one Chilean and one Brazilian, while focusing on the liability of outsidership. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources, mostly from semi-structured interviews with parties responsible for exportation. The data was treated with content analysis as grounded in current literature. The Undurraga winery (Chile) overcame the liability of outsidership by employing a market penetration strategy consisting of stages, with progression to each consecutive stage depending upon success in the current one. When the company enters into a new market, it identifies the liability and develops a strategy to deal with it. Even though the Brazilian winery, Salton, is over a century old, it has only attempted to internationalize recently. It showed characteristics of liabilities of foreignness and outsidership in practically every period analyzed, and has yet to resolve these problems.
Cyclic Viscoplasticity Testing and Modeling of a Service-Aged P91 Steel

A service-aged P91 steel was used to perform an experimental program of cyclic mechanical testing in the temperature range of 400 °C–600 °C, under isothermal conditions, using both saw-tooth and dwell (inclusion of a constant strain dwell period at the maximum (tensile) strain within the cycle) waveforms. The results of this testing were used to identify the material constants for a modified Chaboche, unified viscoplasticity model, which can deal with rate-dependant cyclic effects, such as combined isotropic and kinematic hardening, and time-dependent effects, such as creep, associated with viscoplasticity. The model has been modified in order that the two-stage (nonlinear primary and linear secondary) softening which occurs within the cyclic response of the service-aged P91 material is accounted for and accurately predicted. The characterization of the cyclic viscoplasticity behavior of the service-aged P91 material at 500 °C is presented and compared to experimental stress–strain loops, cyclic softening and creep relaxation, obtained from the cyclic isothermal tests.
Impact of cash conversion cycle on cash holding – A study on FMCG sector

Article history: Received June 5, 2015 Received in revised format August 16 2015 Accepted November 2 2015 Available online November 5 2015 In today’s environment, cash conversion cycle is randomly used as a measure of liquidity of the organizations. Cash conversion cycle is considered as the length of time between rawmaterials and collection of cash from debtors. It can be used as a benchmarking competitors or comparing companies. On the other hand, Cash holding is one of the most important financial decisions that a manager has to make in any organization. Some organizations hold more cash and some organizations hold less cash. In this study, we perform a survey to make a relationship between Cash Conversion Cycle and Cash Holding. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 © 201
Patients Participation in Health Care Decision Makings in Hospitals Affiliated with Saveh School of Medical Sciences, 2016

Background & Aim: Patients' participation in decision-making for healthcare and disease management is related to their high satisfaction and improvement of treatment outcomes in chronic conditions. This study aimed to measure patients' participation in healthcare decisionmaking at hospitals affiliated with Saveh School of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 220 hospitalized patients in internalsurgical wards of two general hospitals in Saveh city were selected by simple random sampling method. Considering the previous studies and tools to measure patients' participation in decision making, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess admission, inpatient and discharge periods. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of questionnaire was 0.72 and its Content Validity Index (CVI) was 0.95. Coronbach’s alpha was measured for reliability (0.934). Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, ANOVA and t-testin SPSS v20 software were used for data analysis. Results: Findings showed that patients' participation were 46.96% in admission and 54.54% in inpatient and 58.63% in discharge periods. In addition, relationships were found between occupation (p=0.011) and previous hospitalization (p=0.013) with participation. Conclusion: In this study, despite the high rate of overall participation of patients, participation in admission period was moderate. According to patient's condition, it is not possible to provide information and request for decision and participation for all patient sat the time of admission. However, it seems that some serious involvements are needed to improve patients' participation.
Laboratory evaluation of insecticides and biopesticides against Phenococcus solenopsis and Paracoccus marginatus infesting cotton

Acephate 700g a.i. /ha, Chlorpyriphos 500g a.i./ha, NSKE 5%, Neem oil (2.5 l /ha) + Nirma powder (0.1%), Nirma powder 0.1 %, Verticillium lecanii 5gm/lit (2 x 10 8 cfu/gm), Beauveria bassiana 5gm/lit (2 x 10 8 cfu/gm), Metarhizium anisopliae 5gm/lit (2 x 10 8 cfu/gm), Bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic nematode (Photorhabdus luminescens) 20ml/lit (2 x 10 8 cfu/ml), Fish oil rosin soap 2ml / lit. , Mealy Quit (New botanical formulation from CICR, Nagpur) 100ml/lit and Control (Water alone) were tested against nymphs and adults of Phenacoccus solenopsis and Paracoccus marginatus using cotton leaves (Bunny Bt) dipped in respective treatment solutions and air dried to remove excess water. Observations on insect mortality were recorded at 24 and 48h after treatment. Among different treatment tested on P. solenopsis nymphs, acephate recorded the highest mortality of 53.3 % at 48h after treatment. All the biopesticides tested were found to be on par in causing mortality of nymphs and adults. Chlorpyriphos and Mealy Quit were equally toxic causing 48.9% mortality at 48h after treatment. When tested against adults, the same trend of results was observed. When these treatments were tested against P. marginatus nymphs, again acephate ranked first with 55.56 % mortality at 48h after treatment. Chlorpyriphos, Mealy Quit and Fish Oil rosin soap were equally toxic causing 51.1 to 52.2 % mortality at 48h after treatment. Further studies are in progress to test the results under field condition.
Chapter 2 Harmonic Power Flow Calculation for High-Speed Railway Traction Power Supply System

This paper describes a harmonic analysis model for CRH2 EMU (Electric Multiple Unit) and provides a harmonic power flow algorithm for its traction power supply system. This algorithm gives full consideration to coupling influence between the traction networks (harmonic voltage), and the fundamental wave results are used as the final convergence condition, aiming to determine modulation characteristics and harmonic current characteristics of SPWM converter for EMU based on results of harmonic power flow, and to calculate harmonic power flow and to update fundamental power of harmonic source for fundamental power flow calculation. Analysis of harmonic power flow with single harmonic source and multi-harmonic sources shows that the algorithm is applicable to traction power supply system of high-speed rail with single harmonic source, multi-harmonic sources, and background harmonic.
Genetic Gains for Grain Yield in CIMMYT Spring Bread Wheat across International Environments

The Global Wheat Program of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) develops and distributes improved germplasm targeted toward various wheat growing regions of developing world. The objective of our study was to quantify the genetic yield gains in CIMMYT’s spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trial (ESWYT) distributed over the past 15 yr (1995–2009) as determined by the performance of entries across 919 environments in 69 countries. To determine the annual genetic gains, differences in mean yields of the fi ve highest yielding entries from mean trial yield and mean yield of the widely grown international check ‘Attila’ were regressed over 15 yr of ESWYT testing. Across locations in all countries, mean yields of the fi ve highest yielding entries showed an annual gain of 27.8 kg ha −1 (0.65%) compared to Attila. Annual yield gains in megaenvironment 1 (ME1) (optimally irrigated), ME2 (high rainfall), Egypt, India, and Pakistan were 27.4 (0.55%), 21.4 (0.62%), 111.6 (1.13%), 32.5 (0.83%), and 18.5 kg ha −1 (0.5%), respectively. These results demonstrate continuous genetic yield gains in the elite spring bread wheat lines developed and distributed by CIMMYT and the positive outcomes achieved through breeding and the international exchange of elite spring wheat germplasm that have benefi ted national programs throughout the world.
The interaction of Io's Alfven waves with the Jovian magnetosphere

A numerical solution for the propagation of the Alfven waves produced by Io is presented. The waves are shown to interact strongly with the torus and magnetic field inhomogeneities. We find substantial reflection occurs from the magnetospheric medium and only about a quarter of the wave power will reach the ionosphere on its first pass. It is concluded that both WKB and ray tracing arguments are inappropriate, contrary to previous studies. A more realistic picture may be that of a whole field line or L shell resonating in an eigenmode. We discuss the Alfven structure behind Io and comment upon some possible features that it may exhibit. In particular it may be possible to produce decametric arcs that are more closely spaced than ray tracing permits by exciting higher harmonic eigenmodes of Io's L shell.
The 8 June 2000 ULF wave activity: A case study

[1] We examine the characteristics of a train of ULF waves observed in the magnetosphere and at ground after the sudden impulse (SI) onset of 8 June 2000. A highly monochromatic and large-amplitude wave atf =3.3 mHz was observed between 9:10 and 9:50 UT at the GOES8 orbit (on the dawn flank of the magnetosphere) and across a wide longitudinal range of ground stations from low to high latitudes. The combination of the long period of these pulsations (5 min), their extended duration (∼40 min), the latitude-independent frequency, and the small azimuthal wave number suggests the occurrence of a global magnetospheric mode driven by the sudden enhancements of the solar wind dynamic pressure. The amplitude and cross-phase analysis of the wave activity on the ground and the polarization pattern indicate that the global mode coupled to the field line resonance (FLR) occurs at different latitudes at different local times. Such FLRs occurred at latitudes smaller than usually observed at the same frequency, suggesting a significant reduction of the local field line eigenfrequencies as compared with usual values. A model estimation (time of flight approximation) of such eigenfrequencies suggests a change in the magnetospheric field geometry characterized by more elongated field lines than those for usual conditions. It was probably caused by the compression of the magnetosphere driven by the pressure pulse coupled with the stable northward orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field.
Improvement of the ephemerides of Phoebe, 9th satellite of Saturn, from new observations made from 1995 to 2000

In order to improve the model used for the ephemerides of Phoebe, the 9th satellite of Saturn, we started observations in 1998. We made 135 observations in 1998 and 39 observations in 1999 using the 120 cm-telescope of Observatoire de Haute- Provence, France. We used a numerical integration in order to calculate new initial conditions and to be able to build new ephemerides. We also used some precise observations made from 1995 to 2000 together with old observations for that purpose. The result is a decrease in the uncertainties on Phoebe's orbit.
A novel model for cyanobacteria bloom formation: the critical role of anoxia and ferrous iron

SUMMARY 1. A novel conceptual model linking anoxia, phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), iron (Fe) and sulphate to the formation of noxious filamentous and colonial cyanobacteria blooms is presented that reconciles seemingly contradictory ideas about the roles of P, N and Fe in bloom formation. 2. The model has several critical concepts: (i) P regulates biomass and productivity in fresh waters until excessive loading renders a system N-limited or light-limited, but it is the availability of ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ) that regulates the ability of cyanobacteria to compete with its eukaryotic competitors; (ii) Fe 2+ diffusing from anoxic sediments is a major Fe source for cyanobacteria, which acquire it by migrating downwards into Fe 2+ -rich anoxic waters from oxygenated waters; and (iii) subsequent cyanobacterial siderophore production provides a supply of Fe 3+ for reduction at cyanobacteria cell membranes that leads to very low Fe 3+ concentrations in the mixing zone. 3. When light and temperature are physiologically suitable for cyanobacteria growth, bloom onset is regulated by the onset of internal Fe 2+ loading which in turn is controlled by anoxia, reducible Fe content of surface sediments and sulphate reduction rate. 4. This conceptual model provides the basis for improving the success of approaches to eutrophication management because of its far-reaching explanatory power over the wide range of conditions where noxious cyanobacteria blooms have been observed.
Challenges in modeling spatiotemporally varying phytoplankton blooms in the Northwestern Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman

Abstract. Recent years have shown an increase in harmful algal blooms in the Northwest Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman, raising the question of whether climate change will accelerate this trend. This has led us to examine whether the Earth System Models used to simulate phytoplankton productivity accurately capture bloom dynamics in this region – both in terms of the annual cycle and interannual variability. Satellite data (SeaWIFS ocean color) show two climatological blooms in this region, a wintertime bloom peaking in February and a summertime bloom peaking in September. On a regional scale, interannual variability of the wintertime bloom is dominated by cyclonic eddies which vary in location from one year to another. Two coarse (1°) models with the relatively complex biogeochemistry (TOPAZ) capture the annual cycle but neither eddies nor the interannual variability. An eddy-resolving model (GFDL CM2.6) with a simpler biogeochemistry (miniBLING) displays larger interannual variability, but overestimates the wintertime bloom and captures eddy-bloom coupling in the south but not in the north. The models fail to capture both the magnitude of the wintertime bloom and its modulation by eddies in part because of their failure to capture the observed sharp thermocline and/or nutricline in this region. When CM2.6 is able to capture such features in the Southern part of the basin, eddies modulate diffusive nutrient supply to the surface (a mechanism not previously emphasized in the literature). For the model to simulate the observed wintertime blooms within cyclones, it will be necessary to represent this relatively unusual nutrient structure as well as the cyclonic eddies. This is a challenge in the Northern Arabian Sea as it requires capturing the details of the outflow from the Persian Gulf – something that is poorly done in global models.
Evaluation of PPIUCD versus interval IUCD (380A) insertion in a teaching hospital of Western U. P.

Background: Comparative evaluation of PPIUCD and interval IUCD in terms of incidence of failure, expulsions, bleeding P/V and other complications. Methods: Total 300 willing women after counselling in antenatal, early labor or postnatal period were inserted PPIUCD after excluding chorioamnionitis, PROM >18hrs, Unresolved PPH, Puerperal sepsis. Another 150 willing women were inserted interval IUCD after excluding contraindications. All were followed up for 6 months. Results: Expulsion rate was significantly higher in PPIUCD as compared to interval insertions (4.3% v/s 2.0%; p value< 0.05). Number of removal of IUCD was almost similar in both groups(5.6% v/s 6.0%) but bleeding as a cause of removal was significantly more in interval group(23.5% v/s 88.5%). Common causes of PPIUCD removal were social. Conclusions: Postpartum insertion of IUCD is safe effective, feasible and reversible method of contraception.
STUDIES ON NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OPTIONS IN POTATO

Nutrient management options were studied for growth, yield and nutrient uptake of potato cv. Kufri Jawahar at Kumarganj, Faizabad (Uttar Pradesh) during rabi seasons of 2004 and 2005. The tubers soaked in 1% each of urea and NaHCO 3 solution + tuber treatment with biofertilizers (Azotobactor + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) under 75% NP fertility level) gave at par yield (28.28 t/ ha) and uptake of nutrients (88.1 kg N/ ha and 11.6 kg P/ ha) as compared to 100% nutrients application through inorganic sources. It also gave maximum net return per rupee investment (1.48) indicating 25% saving of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) over 100% nutrient application through inorganic sources.
Limit Feeding of Feedlot Cattle During the Summer

Eighty-four Bos taurus crossbred steers were used to investigate effects of level and duration of limit feeding in a hot environment and to compare ad libitum feeding of a high energy, high fibre diet, containing corn gluten feed (CGF) to ad libitum feeding of a traditional dry rolled corn (DRC) based diet. Treatments were CGF based ration restricted to 70 to 80% of ad libitum for 21 days duration (RES21), CGF based ration restricted to 70 to 80% of ad libitum for 42 days duration (RES42), CGF based ration fed ad libitum (CGFAD), and DRC based ration fed ad libitum (DRCAD). Over the 63 d study statistical differences were not observed in average daily gain (ADG). Although RES42 had the lowest level of dry matter intake (DMI), it converted feed to gain more efficiently than any other treatment group (P<0.05). In ad libitum fed groups the CGF group had greater ADG and DMI than the DRC group. Tympanic temperature (TT) was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in RES21 and RES42 when compared to ad libitum fed groups under both thermoneutral and hot conditions. There appears to be benefits to limiting intake of feedlot steers, such as improved feed efficiency and lowering TT. Limit feeding may be a successful tool to protect cattle from forecasted hot weather.
Subgrid snow depth coefficient of variation within complex mountainous terrain

Abstract. Given the substantial variability of snow in complex mountainous terrain, a considerable challenge of coarse scale modeling applications is accurately representing the subgrid variability of snowpack properties. The snow depth coefficient of variation (CVds) is a useful metric for characterizing subgrid snow distributions but has not been well defined by a parameterization for mountainous environments. This study utilizes lidar-derived snow depth datasets from mountainous terrain in Colorado, USA to evaluate the variability of subgrid snow distributions within a grid size comparable to a 1000 m resolution common for hydrologic and land surface models. The subgrid CVds exhibited a wide range of variability across the 321 km2 study area (0.15 to 2.74) and was significantly greater in alpine areas compared to subalpine areas. Mean snow depth was an important factor of CVds variability in both alpine and subalpine areas, as CVds decreased nonlinearly with increasing snow depths. This negative correlation is attributed to the static size of roughness elements (topography and canopy) that strongly influences seasonal snow variability. Subgrid CVds was also correlated with topography and forest variables; important drivers of CVds included the subgrid variability of terrain exposure to wind in alpine areas and the mean and variability of forest metrics in subalpine areas. Two simple statistical models were developed (alpine and subalpine) for predicting subgrid CVds that show reasonable performance statistics. The methodology presented here can be used for parameterizing CVds in snow-dominated mountainous regions, and highlights the utility of using lidar-derived snow datasets for improving model representations of snow processes.
Agricultural credit constraints and borrowing behavior of farmers in rural Punjab

The government of Pakistan introduced several agricultural credit programmes through institutional sources. The impact of these programmes was less than optimal due to rambling credit policies. The farmers were facing many constraints to avail agricultural credit in a timely fashion. The collateral inter alia was one of the major constraints. The objective of the paper is to identify constraints and suggest remedial measures to make efficient use of agricultural credit schemes. Majority of the farmers revealed that they could not avail credit because of needed collateral. The hard hits were tenants and share croppers who do not own land, and thus were unavailable to avail credit. The high mark up both from formal and informal sources was another constraint. The borrowing behavior of the respondents was estimated through the logit model and identified the determinants of credit constraints. The results showed that the coefficients of transitory income, education level, and predicted interest rate have important bearing on borrowing behavior. The household consumption expenditure was positively and significantly determined by operational holding and value of implements
Long-term Clinical Outcome after Reconstruction of Periodontal Defects using a Bovine-Derived Xenograft: a Retrospective Cohort Study

The present retrospective study evaluates the long-term results of reconstructive periodontal surgery using a bovine-derived bone mineral with or without a bio-resorbable collagen membrane. Teeth (241) in 54 patients were treated. Treatment was performed regardless of the patients' genetic predisposition, medical status or social habits. The patients had to follow a strict oral hygiene programme prior to periodontal surgery. One year after treatment, an overall reduction of the mean pocket probing depth (PPD) of 2.69 mm on average (from 6.88 ± 1.89 mm to 4.19 ± 1.40 mm) and an increase in clinical attachment level (CAL) of 3.14 mm on average (from 8.56 ± 2.39 mm to 5.42 ± 1.50 mm) could be shown. At two years from baseline, no statistical differences in PPD reduction were found compared to the one year's data. Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that periodontal surgical therapy by the use of bovine-derived bone mineral with or without a bio-resorbable collagen membrane in combination with a strict oral hygiene program results in significantly high PPD reduction and CAL gain. Thus this treatment appears to be a suitable treatment for severe periodontal defects, leading to predictable and stable results.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Omitted variables and misspecified disturbances in the logit model

In binary discrete regression models like logit or probit the omission of a relevant regressor (even if it is orthogonal) depresses the remaining β coefficients towards zero. For the probit model, Wooldridge (2002) has shown that this bias does not carry over to the effect of the regressor on the outcome. We find by simulations that this also holds for logit models, even when the omitted variable leads to severe misspecification of the disturbance. More simulations show that estimates of these effects by logit analysis are also impervious to pure misspecification of the disturbance. ∗University of Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam; e-mail address: cramer@tinbergen.nl