Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro development and germination of immature olive embryos

Summary In vitro culture methods were used to germinate olive embryos prior to maturation. Fruit, seed and embryo development were established with consecutive sampling from 20 to 100 days after bloom. For that same period, embryo development and germination success were determined by in vitro culture trials using one-third strength MS medium with or without the addition of zeatin. For early developmental stages, when isolation of the embryo was difficult, a cut portion of the seed containing the embryo was used for culture. The embryos cultured within the cut seed portions germinated and formed normal plantlets. Histological observations indicated a close similarity between the natural and in vitro immature embryo differentiation pattern, progressing through preglobular, globular, heart-shaped and torpedo-shaped stages. In some cases, however, the in vitro immature embryos developed or germinated abnormally. The presence of zeatin (0.25 mg l–1) in the culture medium and the use of a cut seed-portion containing the immature embryo allowed in vitro germination sooner after bloom than previously obtained. On the contrary, zeatin was a handicap for mature olive embryo in vitro germination, which reached 100% seedling formation when no plant growth regulators were used.
Projections from the lateral, basal, and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala to the entorhinal cortex in the macaque monkey

We used the anterograde tracers Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) and biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) to examine the projections from the lateral, basal, and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdaloid complex to the entorhinal cortex in Macaca fascicularis monkeys. The heaviest amygdaloid projections originate in the lateral nucleus, which innervates the rostrally situated entorhinal fields but does not project to the caudal entorhinal cortex. The most extensive projections originate in the ventral division of the lateral nucleus. Injections in this subdivision lead to moderate to heavy fiber and terminal labeling in the entorhinal cortex, rostral levels of the rostral intermediate EI (ER) and lateral fields, (ELr), and light labeling in the olfactory field EO. The projections from all portions of the lateral nucleus terminate most heavily in layer III. Layer II of EO and ER also receives a substantial input from the ventral division of the lateral nucleus. Layer II of ELr receives light innervation from all portions of the lateral nucleus that project to layer III. Projections from the basal nucleus arise mainly from the parvicellular division and are light to moderate in density. Fibers terminate predominantly in ELr, ER, EO, and the caudal portion of the lateral field (Elc); only the most rostral portion of EI receives projections. While fibers from the basal nucleus innervate the same layers as the projections from the lateral nucleus, they tend to have a more vertical or radial orientation within the entorhinal cortex. Electron microscopic analysis of these fibers and terminals indicates that they overwhelmingly form asymmetrical synapses onto dendrites and dendritic spines. The accessory basal nucleus provides a light projection to the same regions of the entorhinal cortex innervated by the lateral and basal nuclei. Hippocampus 2002;12:186–205. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attitudes and Preferences of Kosovar Consumer Segments Toward Quality Attributes of Milk and Dairy Products

ABSTRACT The dairy market is one of the fastest growing agri-food sectors in Kosovo, yet the farm structure is fragmented. The level of productivity is lower compared with European Union levels and shows potential for improvements. The consumption of dairy products is expected to rise due to income growth and segmentation of consumers that would reflect different preferences for low-fat or zero-fat products, products with natural additives, and so on. On the market level, a significant share of the consumed milk and dairy products is imported. This study aims to better understand attitudes and preferences of Kosovar consumer segments toward milk and dairy products. A quantitative survey with 300 consumers was conducted in major Kosovo cities. Applying a reduced version of the Food Related Lifestyle instrument identified three distinct consumer segments: the conservative consumer segment, the socially oriented foodie, and the information-seeking eco-consumer. The latter two segments are especially open to trying new food products and actively search information about food. All three consumer segments show strong consumer patriotism by believing that domestic milk and cheese are safer than imported products and are of higher quality. This indicates the strong market potential for dairy farmers and companies in the Kosovo, which should develop new food products having these segments in mind. The authors explore the strategies that farmers and companies should use to better target these consumer groups and gain greater access to desirable segments.
Distribution of high‐risk human papillomavirus genotypes in HPV‐infected women in Beijing, China

To investigate the distribution of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in infected women from Beijing, China, samples were obtained during routine gynecologic examinations and DNA was extracted from the samples, and PCR was performed to distinguish the 13 high‐risk HPV subtypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68). Samples were obtained from 1160 women (20–75 years old), and 470 cases of high‐risk HPV infection were diagnosed. HPV 52, HPV 16, HPV 58, HPV 51, and HPV 39 were the most common genotypes accounting for 22.8%, 22.3%, 20.0%, 14.3%, and 13.6% of cases, respectively. The highest infection rates were found in 20–30 year‐old patients (35.1%). HPV 16 infection was the highest in the 31–40 year‐old group, and HPV 52, HPV 58, and HPV 39 infections were highest in the 20–30 year‐old group. Some patients were infected with multiple high‐risk HPV subtypes. Of the 470 patients with positive HPV tests, 65.7% of women were infected with a single high‐risk HPV subtype, 23.2%, of women were infected with two high‐risk HPV subtypes, 7.7% were infected with three subtypes, and 3.4% of women were infected with more than three high‐risk HPV subtypes. In this study, HPV 16 and HPV 52 were the most common subtypes found in patients with cervical lesions. J. Med. Virol. 87:504–507, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lightweight Static Analysis to Detect Polymorphic Exploit Code with Static Analysis Resistant Technique

The general method in which attackers obtain the control authority of the remote host is through the exploit code. As network security systems have mounted the desired signatures about exploits, they have reduced damage due to the spreading and reoccurrence of the exploits. However, to avoid signature-based detection techniques, exploits employing techniques such as polymorphism and metamorphism have become more prevalent. Especially in the case of polymorphism, because there are many automation engines even if there is no special knowledge in order to make various exploits easily, the polymorphism researches need to be more actively studied. We present a new static analysis method for detecting the decryption routine of polymorphic exploit code. Most of decryption routines store the program counter value of remote host on a stack and use the value as the address for accessing the memory that the encrypted original code is positioned. The proposed method traces the processing steps of decryption routine as using the static analysis method. In the results of experiment, the proposed method can detect polymorphic exploit codes that the static analysis resistant techniques are used, and shows more efficient than the emulation-based method in the processing performance.
An Approach to NGO Operation Guided by the Government——From the Perspective of Corporatism

By the case study of Y societies,we can see that,due to the reform and open-door policy,arises a corporatist relationship between the government and NGOs.While the government,by a series of patterns such as authority,recognizes the legal status of societies,it possesses the controls of them.Over a long period of time,the growing pattern of Chinese NGOs is to recognize each other and interact with each other.
Indirect touch manipulation for interaction with stereoscopic displays

Research on 3D interaction has explored the application of multi-touch technologies to 3D stereoscopic displays. However, the ability to perceive 3D objects at different depths (in front or behind the screen surface) conflicts with the necessity of expressing inputs on the screen surface. Touching the screen increases the risk of causing the vergence-accommodation conflict which can lead to the loss of the stereoscopic effect or cause discomfort. In this work, we present two studies evaluating a novel approach based on the concept of indirect touch interaction via an external multi-touch device. We compare indirect touch techniques to two state-of-the-art 3D interaction techniques: DS3 and the Triangle Cursor. The first study offers a quantitative and qualitative study of direct and indirect interaction on a 4 DOF docking task. The second presents a follow-up experiment focusing on a 6 DOF docking task. Results show that indirect touch interaction techniques provide a more comfortable viewing experience than both techniques. It also shows that there are no drawbacks when switching to indirect touch, as their performances in terms of net manipulation times are comparable.
GENERALIZED LIGAMENTOUS LAXITY MAY BE A PREDISPOSING FACTOR FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

Background Generalized ligamentous laxity has been implicated with musculoskeletal injuries. Little evidence has emerged from the Asia-Pacific regarding the epidemiology of generalized ligamentous laxity. Objective The aim of this study is to determine if generalized ligamentous laxity may be a predisposing factor for musculoskeletal injuries in young males. We hypothesized that generalized ligamentous laxity would be more common in individuals with musculoskeletal injuries compared with controls. Design Prospective case-control study. Setting Military. Participants All participants were male Singaporeans who were serving their National Service in the same military institute. The cases comprised of 100 consecutive individuals who presented to the primary healthcare centre in the institute with musculoskeletal injuries involving the upper or lower extremities that occurred as a result of physical activity. Our control group comprised of 100 age- and gender-matched individuals but did not have any musculoskeletal symptoms or injury for a period of 3 months or more from the time of recruitment. Assessment of risk factors Demographic data were gathered using a questionnaire. The surveyed factors include personal history, smoking history and sporting activity as well as the baseline demographic and anthropometric data. Main outcome measurements The Beighton score was used to measure laxity, which was determined to be present by overall scores equal to or exceeding 4. Results Generalized ligamentous laxity was present in 12% of the cases compared with 4% of controls (P=.043). Individuals who presented with musculoskeletal injuries were 3.35 times more likely to have generalized ligamentous laxity as compared to controls. Lower limb injuries were more common than upper limb injuries amongst the cases. Conclusions Generalized ligamentous laxity was more common in individuals who presented with a musculoskeletal injury. It may be a predisposing factor for musculoskeletal injuries. Prehabilitation may be an important aspect of training that should be emphasized to individuals identified to have generalized ligamentous laxity.
Effects of immediate postpartum contraceptive counseling on long-acting reversible contraceptive use in adolescents

Background Adolescent pregnancy is a global public health problem, particularly repeated pregnancy. The best strategy to lower prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and repeated pregnancy is promoting highly effective long-acting contraceptive methods along with special counseling programs. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is the ideal contraceptive of choice for adolescents. It is not known whether immediate postpartum contraceptive counseling increases postpartum LARC use in adolescents. Objective To compare LARC use between immediate and conventional postpartum contraceptive counseling and discover predictive factors of postpartum LARC use. Materials and methods This prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted among postpartum adolescents at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand, from 1 July 2016 to 31 March 2017. The participants were assigned to receive immediate postpartum contraceptive counseling or conventional postpartum contraceptive counseling. The primary outcome was postpartum LARC use. The secondary outcome was predictive factors for LARC use in postpartum adolescents. Results Of the 233 postpartum adolescents, postpartum LARC use was 87 of 118 (73.7%) in the immediate postpartum counseling group and 49 of 115 (42.6%) in the conventional postpartum counseling group (odds ratio 3.780, 95% CI 2.18–6.57, p<0.001). A significant predictive factor for LARC use in postpartum adolescents was immediate postpartum counseling (odds ratio 3.67, 95% CI 2.10–6.41, p<0.001). Conclusion Immediate postpartum contraceptive counseling led to a significant increase in postpartum use of LARC in adolescents, when compared with conventional (4–6 weeks) postpartum contraceptive counseling. Adolescent mothers who received immediate postpartum counseling were 3.67 times more likely to use LARC than those who received conventional postpartum counseling.
Effect of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate on the activity levels of certain plasma enzymes in CCl4‐induced liver injury in low‐protein fed rats

The effects of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate on the activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced acute liver injury in low‐protein fed rats were investigated. A group of male Sprague‐Dawley rats maintained on a low‐protein diet for 5 days were divided into three subgroups. Two subgroups were injected with carbon tetrachloride and the other group with an equivalent amount of olive oil. Two hours after CCl4 intoxication one of the two subgroups was administered with pumpkin seed protein isolate. All three subgroups of rats were maintained on the low‐protein diet for the duration of the investigation. Groups of rats from the different subgroups were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h after their respective treatments. After 5 days on the low‐protein diet the activity levels of all four enzymes were significantly higher than their counterparts on a normal balanced diet. CCl4 intoxication resulted in significant increases in the activity levels of all four enzymes investigated. The administration of pumpkin seed protein isolate after CCl4 intoxication resulted in significantly reduced activity levels of all four enzymes. It is concluded that pumpkin seed protein isolate administration was effective in alleviating the detrimental effects associated with protein malnutrition. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profitability Effects and Fishery Subsidies: Average Treatment Effects Based on Propensity Scores

ABSTRACT This article uses the propensity-score matching method to examine the effects of a government subsidy program on the profitability of fisheries. The effects are analyzed at the individual vessel level through representative surveys of costs and earnings. Bioeconomic theory and a vessel economics framework for open-access fisheries are the basis for the empirical discussion of a case study involving Vietnam's offshore gillnet fishery. The results demonstrate that the subsidy program has positive effects on vessel profitability, but the profits erode over the two years of the analysis. Subsidies have a positive impact on the operating cash flows of large vessels but negative effects on their intra-marginal rent, and bring benefits to vessel owners rather than crew members. This study reports on the first treatment evaluation of subsidies in a Southeast Asian fishery and discusses evidence that fish stocks may be biologically overfished. JEL Codes: C31, D01, Q22, Q28.
Quality of Life during the First Two Years Post Stroke: The Restore4Stroke Cohort Study

Background: Little information is available about the course of quality of life (QoL) post stroke and how dependency on activities of daily living (ADL) influences this course. The aim of this study was therefore to describe the course of QoL from 2 months up to 2 years post stroke and to study the influence of ADL dependency in the first week post stroke. Methods: This is a multicenter prospective longitudinal cohort study in which 368 stroke patients were included and data were collected at 1 week, 2 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months post stroke. QoL assessment included measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (short stroke-specific Quality of Life Scale), emotional functioning (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), participation (Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation), and life satisfaction (2LS). Dependency on ADL was defined as having a Barthel Index score ≤17 four days post stroke. Generalized Estimating Equations analyses were performed to examine the course of the 4 domains of QoL. Furthermore, the possible confounding effect of age, gender, marital status, level of education and discharge destination was examined. Results: Results showed that HRQoL, participation and life satisfaction improved during the first year post stroke, with most changes occurring in the first 6 months. Furthermore, patients dependent in ADL scored consistently lower on all 4 QoL domains and test occasions compared to ADL-independent patients. In both patient groups separately, no changes over time were found in emotional functioning. ADL-independent patients improved in HRQoL (p = 0.002), participation (p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (p = 0.020) between 2 and 6 months and in life satisfaction (p = 0.003) between 6 and 12 months also. ADL-dependent patients improved in HRQoL (p = 0.009) between 2 and 6 months and in participation between 2 and 6 months (p = 0.001) and between 6 and 12 months (p = 0.031). Furthermore, they experienced no changes in life satisfaction. No confounding effect was found after adding age, gender, marital status, level of education and discharge destination. Conclusions: Most improvement in QoL occurred up to 6 months post stroke and showed different patterns for specific domains of QoL and for patients with and without dependency in ADL in the first week post stroke. It is therefore important to differentiate between these different domains of QoL when the long-term perspective is considered. Furthermore, patients dependent in ADL consistently scored lower on all QoL domains and did not reach the level of QoL of patients independent of QoL.
Simulating Seepage into Mine Shafts and Tunnels with MODFLOW

In cases when an equivalent porous medium assumption is suitable for simulating groundwater flow in bedrock aquifers, estimation of seepage into underground mine workings (UMWs) can be achieved by specifying MODFLOW drain nodes at the contact between water bearing rock and dewatered mine openings. However, this approach results in significant numerical problems when applied to simulate seepage into an extensive network of UMWs, which often exist at the mine sites. Numerical simulations conducted for individual UMWs, such as a vertical shaft or a horizontal drift, showed that accurate prediction of seepage rates can be achieved by either applying grid spacing that is much finer than the diameter/width of the simulated openings (explicit modeling) or using coarser grid with cell sizes exceeding the characteristic width of shafts or drifts by a factor of 3. Theoretical insight into this phenomenon is presented, based on the so‐called well‐index theory. It is demonstrated that applying this theory allows to minimize numerical errors associated with MODFLOW simulation of seepage into UMWs on a relatively coarse Cartesian grid. Presented examples include simulated steady‐state groundwater flow from homogeneous, heterogeneous, and/or anisotropic rock into a vertical shaft, a horizontal drift/cross‐cut, a ramp, two parallel drifts, and a combined system of a vertical shaft connected to a horizontal drift.
Laterlized facial muscle response to positive and negative emotional stimuli.

Facial electromyography (EMG) was recorded from left and right zygomatic and corrugator muscle regions in response to reflective questions and during voluntary facial expressions. Both muscle regions showed consistent responses to five emotions (happiness, excitement, neutral, sadness, and fear) evoked in the involuntary condition (i.e. reflective questions) and four emotional facial expressions (happiness, excitement, sadness, and fear) self-generated in the voluntary condition. Lateralized responses were found for the zygomatic muscle in the involuntary condition: positive emotion questions elicited relatively greater right muscle activity than left muscle activity, while negative emotion questions elicited relatively greater left muscle activity than right muscle activity. Lateralized responses were found for the corrugator muscle in the voluntary condition, but were not significantly related to type of emotional expression. Sex differences indicating greater lateralization for females were found in some of the measures. The results are consistent with the hypothesized specialization of the left and right cerebral hemispheres for the mediation of positive and negative emotions, respectively.
Seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori in patients with colorectal polyps and colorectal carcinoma

OBJECTIVES:The role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of colorectal polyps and colorectal carcinoma is unknown. H. pylori infection causes fasting and meal stimulated hypergastrinemia. Gastrin increases colorectal mucosal proliferation and promotes tumor growth. We performed a prospective study to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori in patients with colorectal polyps and colorectal carcinoma and in controls.METHODS:Blood samples were collected from 189 patients with colorectal carcinoma, 57 patients with colorectal polyps, and 179 controls. H. pylori serology was determined by an ELISA assay.RESULTS:Logistic regression showed no difference in seroprevalence of H. pylori between patients with colorectal cancer and controls (odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 1.8) or between patients with colorectal polyps and controls (odds ratio 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.5). Age and sex were not found to be associated with H. pylori infection. Patients in social classes IV and V were 2.3 times more likely to have H. pylori infection than those in social classes I, II, and III (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 4.2). CONCLUSIONS:This study shows that there is no increase in the seroprevalence of H. pylori in patients with colorectal polyps or colorectal carcinoma compared with controls. These results do not support the hypothesis that there is a relationship between H. pylori infection and the development of colorectal neoplasia.