Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-Generational Effects of Titling Programmes: Physical vs. Human Capital

Abstract Programmes aimed at giving legal ownership titles to the occupants of land (‘titling programmes’) are associated with an income (or wealth) effect that induce higher expenditure on normal goods like education and health services. There is also a substitution effect: the elimination of expropriation risk makes home investment more attractive and increases the ‘opportunity cost’ of other forms of spending. The net effect on human capital is ambiguous. Using data from a natural experiment in Uruguay we find that titling favours home investment to the detriment of some dimensions of human capital investment for children of 16 and under.
Enhanced East Pacific Rise hydrothermal activity during the last two glacial terminations

Searching sediment for climate signals Sediments on the ocean floor may provide clues about the interplay between ice ages and mid-ocean ridge magma production. Lund et al. present well-dated and detailed sediment records from hydrothermal activity along the East Pacific Rise. The sediments show changes in metal fluxes that are tied to the past two glaciations. Ice age changes in sea level alter magma production, which is manifested by changes in hydrothermal systems. The apparent increase in hydrothermal activity at the East Pacific Rise around the past two glacial terminations suggests some role in moderating the size of ice sheets. Science, this issue p. 478 Sediments from hydrothermal vents may provide insight into interplay between glaciation and hydrothermal activity. Mid-ocean ridge magmatism is driven by seafloor spreading and decompression melting of the upper mantle. Melt production is apparently modulated by glacial-interglacial changes in sea level, raising the possibility that magmatic flux acts as a negative feedback on ice-sheet size. The timing of melt variability is poorly constrained, however, precluding a clear link between ridge magmatism and Pleistocene climate transitions. Here we present well-dated sedimentary records from the East Pacific Rise that show evidence of enhanced hydrothermal activity during the last two glacial terminations. We suggest that glacial maxima and lowering of sea level caused anomalous melting in the upper mantle and that the subsequent magmatic anomalies promoted deglaciation through the release of mantle heat and carbon at mid-ocean ridges.
Seventh graders' self-reported exposure to cigarette marketing and its relationship to their smoking behavior.

OBJECTIVES This study examined among youth the extent of their perceived exposure to cigarette marketing and the relationship of their perceptions to their smoking behavior. METHODS Surveys measuring exposure to cigarette advertisements and promotions were completed by 571 seventh graders in San Jose, Calif. RESULTS Eighty-eight percent of these 13-year-olds reported exposure to cigarette marketing: the majority often saw ads in magazines, on billboards, and at stores and events, and one quarter owned cigarette promotional items. After social influences to smoke were controlled for, exposure to cigarette marketing was related to self-reported smoking behavior. Likelihood of experimenting with smoking was 2.2 times greater among those who owned promotional items and 2.8 times greater among those who had received mail from a tobacco company. Seeing cigarette advertisements in magazines increased this likelihood by 21%, and seeing tobacco marketing in stores increased it by 38%. CONCLUSIONS Youth are daily and widely exposed to tobacco industry marketing efforts; this exposure is related to smoking behavior. More effective regulation is needed.
Definitive Estimate of Rate of Hemoglobin Switching: Measurement of Percent Hemoglobin F in Neonatal Reticulocytes

ABSTRACT: The transition from fetal to adult erythropoiesis starts at 32–36 wk postconception. The rate of this switchover has been controversial. Studies of globin chain synthesis by reticulocytes in vitro have indicated gradual switching with a time for 50% reduction in fetal Hb synthesis (“half-time”) of more than 6 wk. This may not accurately reflect fetal/adult Hb synthetic balance in vivo. By contrast, histochemical studies and also indirect mathematical analysis of postnatal changes in circulating fetal Hb and adult Hb may imply abrupt patterns of switching with half-times of less than 1 wk. We have resolved this discrepancy by direct measurement of the changing proportions of fetal and adult Hb in reticulocytes prepared by flourescence activated cell sorting from 10 full-term cord and 45 preterm postnatal blood samples. This method overcomes problems both of extrapolation from in vitro measurements and of mathematical analysis. We find a gradual transition from fetal Hb to adult Hb synthesis. The half-time is approximately 16–18 wk. Values of fetal Hb in reticulocytes were on average higher than predicted from in vitro synthesis studies. We find considerable individual variation. Infants differ in their switching behaviour, many showing prolonged dependence on fetal Hb.
Forecasting US Army enlistment contract production in complex geographical marketing areas

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an improved method for forecasting the US Army recruiting. Design/methodology/approach Time series methods, regression modeling, principle components and marketing research are included in this paper. Findings This paper found the unique ability of multiple statistical methods applied to a forecasting context to consider the effects of inputs that are controlled to some degree by a decision maker. Research limitations/implications This work will successfully inform the US Army recruiting leadership on how this improved methodology will improve their recruitment process. Practical implications Improved US Army analytical technique for forecasting recruiting goals. Originality/value This work culls data from open sources, using a zip-code-based classification method to develop more comprehensive forecasting methods with which US Army recruiting leaders can better establish recruiting goals.
Double dose-intensive chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell support for metastatic breast cancer: no improvement in progression-free survival by the sequence of high-dose melphalan followed by cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin.

PURPOSE Twenty-one percent of responding metastatic breast cancer patients remain progression-free a median 50 months following one intensification cycle of cyclophosphamide (6,000 mg/m2), thiotepa (500 mg/ m2), and carboplatin (800 mg/m2) (CTCb) with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). This trial studied whether the sequence of high-dose melphalan followed by CTCb resulted in improved disease response and duration. METHODS Women with at least partial responses (PRS) to induction received melphalan (140 or 180 mg/ m2) with peripheral-blood progenitor cell (PBPC) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support. They were monitored as outpatients. After recovery, patients were hospitalized for CTCb with marrow, PBPC, and G-CSF support. RESULTS Data on 67 women, at a median of 25 months from CTCb, were examined. After melphalan, 49 (73%) required admission for fever (89%), mucositis (35%), or infection (15%) (median stay, 8 days). All received CTCb. For the first 33 patients, the median days from start of melphalan to CTCb was 24. After liver toxicity (one death from venoocclusive disease [VOD]) developed in 11 patients during CTCb, the interval between intensifications was increased to 35 days without incident. Twenty-three patients (34%) are progression-free a median of 16 months post-CTCb. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and survival times for the whole group are estimated at 11 and 20 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Treatment with this sequence of high-dose melphalan followed by CTCb has not resulted in superior PFS to date, when compared with single-intensification CTCb. This report discusses factors related to patient selection, the role of induced drug resistance, and the schedule of administration of alkylating agenting that may adversely influence outcome.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament—Injured Subjects Have Smaller Anterior Cruciate Ligaments than Matched Controls

Background Very few studies examining the predisposing anatomical factors leading to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have examined the ACL itself, and none of these directly examined the difference in ACL properties between injured and matched control subjects. Hypothesis The ACL total volume in people who have experienced a noncontact ACL injury is smaller than that of matched controls. Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Contours of the ACL were manually identified in sagittal magnetic resonance images, and volumes were calculated for 27 contralateral, healthy knees of individuals after noncontact ACL injury and for 27 control subjects matched for gender, height, age, and weight. Validation of this method was performed on 5 porcine knees. Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the difference in ACL volume between injured and control subjects while considering gender, height, weight, and age as potential covariates. Results Contralateral ACL volume for injured subjects was significantly smaller than for noninjured subjects (P = .0208) by 231 mm3 after adjusting for weight, which was also a significant contributor to ACL volume (P < .0001). At the average body mass of 72.7 kg, subjects with a noncontact ACL injury had an average contralateral ACL volume of 1921 mm3, while the corresponding control group had an average volume of 2151 mm3. Gender, height, and age were not significant when weight was included in the regression model. Conclusion This study shows that there are anthropometric differences between the knees of subjects with a noncontact ACL injury and those without an ACL injury, suggesting that ACL volume may play a direct role in noncontact ACL injury.
Cesium Abolishes the Barium‐Induced Pacemaker Potential and Current in Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes

Cesium Abolishes Barium‐Induced PM Current. Introduction: The ability of cesium to block barium‐induced diastolic depolarization (“Ba‐DD”) and pacemaker current was tested in isolated ventricular myocytes. Because Ba‐DD is due to decreasing k conductance and there is no If at the resting potential, this approach permits verification of whether Cs+ is a specific blocker of I, or if it instead also blocks a K+ pacemaker current.
An Investigation on the Effects of Mobile Banking Services on Service Quality among United States International University Students

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER ONE . 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1 Background of the Problem . 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem . 5 1.3 General Objective . 5 1.4 Specific Objective . 6 1.5 Significance of the Study . 6 1.6 Scope of the Study . 7 1.7 Definition of Terms. 7 1.8 Chapter Summary . 8 CHAPTER TWO . 9 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW . 9 2.
Validation of diagnostic codes for outpatient‐originating sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia in Medicaid and Medicare claims data

Sudden cardiac death (SD) and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) caused by medications have arisen as an important public health concern in recent years. The validity of diagnostic codes in identifying SD/VA events originating in the ambulatory setting is not well known. This study examined the positive predictive value (PPV) of hospitalization and emergency department encounter diagnoses in identifying SD/VA events originating in the outpatient setting.
X-ray structure of Novamyl, the five-domain "maltogenic" alpha-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: maltose and acarbose complexes at 1.7A resolution.

The three-dimensional structure of the Bacillus stearothermophilus "maltogenic" alpha-amylase, Novamyl, has been determined by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 1.7 A. Unlike conventional alpha-amylases from glycoside hydrolase family 13, Novamyl exhibits the five-domain structure more usually associated with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. Complexes of the enzyme with both maltose and the inhibitor acarbose have been characterized. In the maltose complex, two molecules of maltose are found in the -1 to -2 and +2 to +3 subsites of the active site, with two more on the C and E domains. The C-domain maltose occupies a position identical to one previously observed in the Bacillus circulans CGTase structure [Lawson, C. L. , et al. (1994) J. Mol. Biol. 236, 590-600], suggesting that the C-domain plays a genuine biological role in saccharide binding. In the acarbose-maltose complex, the tetrasaccharide inhibitor acarbose is found as an extended hexasaccharide species, bound in the -3 to +3 subsites. The transition state mimicking pseudosaccharide is bound in the -1 subsite of the enzyme in a 2H3 half-chair conformation, as expected. The active site of Novamyl lies in an open gully, fully consistent with its ability to perform internal cleavage via an endo as opposed to an exo activity.
The Antiemetic Efficacy of Droperidol Added to Morphine Patient-Controlled Analgesia: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Dose-Finding Study

The antiemetic dose response of droperidol when it is added to patient-controlled analgesia with morphine is not well known. We randomly allocated adults who received postoperative morphine patient-controlled analgesia (1-mg bolus, 5-min lockout) to one of four regimens: no droperidol (control) or 5, 15, or 50 &mgr;g of droperidol per milligram of morphine. Efficacy and adverse effects were recorded during 24 h and were analyzed with number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm with 95% confidence intervals. Data from 82 controls, 82 patients receiving droperidol 5 &mgr;g, 82 receiving droperidol 15 &mgr;g, and 83 receiving droperidol 50 &mgr;g were analyzed. Average consumption of droperidol per 24 h was 0.2 mg with the 5-&mgr;g regimen, 0.61 mg with the 15-&mgr;g regimen, and 2.04 mg with the 50-&mgr;g regimen. In controls, the incidence of nausea was 48.8%; with droperidol 5 &mgr;g, it was 42.7% (NNT compared with control, 16 [95% confidence interval, 4.7 to −11]); with 15 &mgr;g, it was 32.9% (NNT, 6.3 [3.3–100]); and with 50 &mgr;g, it was 21.7% (NNT, 3.7 [2.4 to 7.6]). In controls, the incidence of vomiting was 24.4%; with droperidol 5 &mgr;g, it was 23.2% (NNT compared with control, 82 [7 to −8.5]); with 15 &mgr;g, it was 22.0% (NNT, 41 [6.5 to −9.6]); and with 50 &mgr;g, it was 12% (NNT, 8.1 [4.2–142]). In controls, the incidence of pruritus was 12.2%; with droperidol 5 &mgr;g, it was 6.1% (NNT compared with control, 16 [6.7 to −37]); and with 15 and 50 &mgr;g, it was 2.4% (NNT, 10 [5.7–52]). In controls, the incidence of sedation was 2.4%; with droperidol 5 &mgr;g, it was 8.5% (number needed to harm (NNH) compared with control, 16 [7.7 to −123]); with 15 &mgr;g, it was 6.1% (NNH, 27 [10 to −40]); and with 50 &mgr;g, it was 18.1% (NNH, 6.4 [4.1–15]). There were no extrapyramidal symptoms and no cardiac adverse events. There was no difference in patient satisfaction. The optimal antiemetic dose of droperidol is 15–50 &mgr;g/mg of morphine. Larger doses may have more antivomiting efficacy but are likely to be unacceptably sedating.
The Kingdom of God in Moltmann's eschatology

This article focuses on Jurgen Moltmann's understanding of the notion of the Kingdom of God as formulated in his eschatology. The Kingdom of God is understood in many different ways in the Christian faith. Some understandings emphasise its anthropologically focussed formation, while others emphasise its divine- and transcendent nature. Moltmann seeks to find an alternative to these approaches by seeking the Kingdom's relevance in the context of life, history, the cosmos and God's own eschatological journey. The article suggests that Moltmann's model is valuable to the South African theological- and social contexts as new questions are asked about God in our newly formed democracy.
Sonographic evaluation of the sciatic nerve in patients with lower‐limb amputations

Hypertrophy of the sciatic nerve after lower‐limb amputation in patients with sarcomas has been previously reported by magnetic resonance imaging; however, sonographic evaluation of the sciatic nerve after lower‐limb amputation due to nonmalignant causes has not been done before. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform imaging of the sciatic nerve in lower‐limb amputees and to find out whether sonographic findings were related to clinical characteristics. Twenty‐three males with lower‐limb amputations due to traumatic injuries were enrolled. Sonographic evaluations were performed using a linear array probe (Aloka UST‐5524‐7.5 MHZ). Sciatic nerve diameters were measured bilaterally at the same level, and the values of the normal limbs were taken as controls. Sciatic nerve width and thickness values were found to be greater on the amputated sides than the normal sides (P = 0.001). The thickness values were greater in above‐knee amputees than below‐knee amputees (P = 0.05). Subjects with a neuroma also had thicker sciatic nerves (P = 0.04). The diameters were found not to change between subjects with different liners (P > 0.05), but they were correlated with time after amputation (r = 0.6, P = 0.006; r = 0.4, P = 0.05, respectively). Our results clearly show that the sciatic nerves were wider and thicker on the amputated sides. Amputation level, duration, and the presence of a neuroma seem to affect the eventual diameters of the nerves. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Intrinsic nuclear import activity of geminin is essential to prevent re‐initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus eggs

Prior to S phase, eukaryotic chromosomes are licensed for initiation of DNA replication, and re‐licensing is prohibited after S phase has started until late mitosis, thus ensuring that genomic DNA is duplicated precisely once in each cell cycle. Here, we report that over‐expression of Cdt1, an essential licensing protein, induced re‐replication in Xenopus egg extracts. Geminin, a metazoan‐specific inhibitor of Cdt1, was critical for preventing re‐replication induced by Cdt1. Re‐replication induced by the addition of recombinant Cdt1 and/or by the depletion of geminin from extracts was enhanced by a proteasome inhibitor, which suppressed the degradation of Cdt1 in the extracts. Furthermore, a nuclear localization sequence identified in Xenopus geminin had a significant role in the suppression of re‐replication induced by Cdt1. These results suggest that nuclear accumulation of geminin plays a dominant role in the licensing system of Xenopus eggs.
Constraints And Challenges Faced By Women Entrepreneurs In Emerging Market Economy And The Way Forward

It is well acknowledged fact thatentrepreneurship is an engine of economic growth and social development. Women entrepreneurship though has been growing around the world, but the evidences suggest that women entrepreneurscontinue to be adversely affected by the numerous socio-economic issues in the male dominated business societies, which hugely undermine the morale of women entrepreneurs.The current study was taken up to investigate the working of twenty sevenwomen entrepreneurs working on micro and small levels, in different areas of Uttar Pradesh (India), who have created employment opportunities for thousands of people living at grass root level and also created new prospects for the rural artisans in theirregion. The study aims to explore the various the obstacles faced by the women entrepreneurs working in different areas of Uttar Pradesh (India),analyze the impact of the prevailing constraints and challenges on the progress of these women entrepreneurs, and recommend the aspects that he to be looked into by the policy makers, to address the issues and challenges. It is also anticipated that the findings will bring to light valuable insights, which might be used by the policymakers, organization and institutions who intend to assist more and more entrepreneurs, especially women entrepreneurs, to venture into businesses. The study revealed multifarious constraints and challenges faced by the women during their entrepreneurial journey. In the current study we have tried to classify these constraints into four broad categories: Socio-Cultural Issues; Economic Issues; Psychological Issues and Managerial Issues.
Regulation of Platelet Production: ‘Thrombopoietin’

Plasma from thrombocytopenic animals induces thrombocytosis in normal recipients. Thrombocytopenia induced by platelet antiserum or bleeding is followed by a reactive thrombocytosis and animals in this phase of increased platelet count provide a more sensitive system for the demonstration of ‘Thronibopoietin’. This humoral factor may be inactivated or removed by viable platelets suggesting the mode of operation of the thrombopoietic ‘feed‐back’ mechanism.
Adequacy of cancer pain management in a Japanese Cancer Hospital.

BACKGROUND Pain is one of the most frequent and deleterious symptoms in cancer patients. This study was carried out to investigate the adequacy of pain management at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan. METHODS The available data were obtained from 138 ambulatory cancer patients with pain. The data included pain severity, which patients reported using the Japanese version of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory, along with such medical information as cancer and treatment information and currently prescribed analgesics. Adequacy of pain management was assessed using the Pain Management Index, which revealed whether prescribed analgesic drugs were congruent with pain severity. RESULTS Physicians undertreated pain in 70% of patients. Patients with non-advanced cancer (local cancer or no evidence of any recurrent cancer) were more likely to receive inadequate treatment than those with advanced cancer [P = 0.009, odds ratio = 0.18, Exp (95% CI) lower = 0.05, higher = 0.64] in the exploratory logistic regression analysis. Additionally, we found significant differences among physicians in ability to manage cancer pain, unrelated to a physician's years of experience as an oncologist. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that cancer pain management is insufficient at the investigated institute. Remedial action should be taken, including increasing awareness of symptom management in medical staff and incorporating existing knowledge into routine clinical practice.