Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Farm level risk factors for fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli and thermophilic Campylobacter spp. on poultry farms

ABSTRACT Data on husbandry practices, performance, disease and drug use were collected during a cross-sectional survey of 89 poultry meat farms in England and Wales to provide information on possible risk factors for the occurrence of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant bacteria. Faeces samples were used to classify farms as “affected” or “not affected” by FQ-resistant (FQr) Escherichia coli or Campylobacter spp. Risk factor analysis identified the use of FQ on the farms as having by far the strongest association, among the factors considered, with the occurrence of FQr bacteria. Resistant E. coli and/or Campylobacter spp. were found on 86% of the farms with a history of FQ use. However, a substantial proportion of farms with no history of FQ use also yielded FQr organisms, suggesting that resistant bacteria may transfer between farms. Further analysis suggested that for Campylobacter spp. , on-farm hygiene, cleaning and disinfection between batches of birds and wildlife control were of most significance. By contrast, for E. coli biosecurity from external contamination was of particular importance, although the modelling indicated that other factors were likely to be involved. Detailed studies on a small number of sites showed that FQr E. coli can survive routine cleaning and disinfection. It appears difficult to avoid the occurrence of resistant bacteria when FQ are used on a farm, but the present findings provide evidence to support recommendations to reduce the substantial risk of the incidental acquisition of such resistance by farms where FQ are not used.
Impact of Front Range sources on reactive nitrogen concentrations and deposition in Rocky Mountain National Park

Human influenced atmospheric reactive nitrogen (RN) is impacting ecosystems in Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO). Due to ROMO’s protected status as a Class 1 area, these changes are concerning, and improving our understanding of the contributions of different types of RN and their sources is important for reducing impacts in ROMO. In July–August 2014 the most comprehensive measurements (to date) of RN were made in ROMO during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ). Measurements included peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), C1–C5 alkyl nitrates, and high-time resolution NOx, NOy, and ammonia. A limited set of measurements was extended through October. Co-located measurements of a suite of volatile organic compounds provide information on source types impacting ROMO. Specifically, we use ethane as a tracer of oil and gas operations and tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4) as an urban tracer to investigate their relationship with RN species and transport patterns. Results of this analysis suggest elevated RN concentrations are associated with emissions from oil and gas operations, which are frequently co-located with agricultural production and livestock feeding areas in the region, and from urban areas. There also are periods where RN at ROMO is impacted by long-range transport. We present an atmospheric RN budget and a nitrogen deposition budget with dry and wet components. Total deposition for the period (7/1–9/30) was estimated at 1.58 kg N/ha, with 87% from wet deposition during this period of above average precipitation. Ammonium wet deposition was the dominant contributor to total nitrogen deposition followed by nitrate wet deposition and total dry deposition. Ammonia was estimated to be the largest contributor to dry deposition followed by nitric acid and PAN (other species included alkyl nitrates, ammonium and nitrate). All three species are challenging to measure routinely, especially at high time resolution.
Resistance of European tree species to drought stress in mixed versus pure forests: evidence of stress release by inter-specific facilitation.

While previous studies focused on tree growth in pure stands, we reveal that tree resistance and resilience to drought stress can be modified distinctly through species mixing. Our study is based on tree ring measurement on cores from increment boring of 559 trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. ) in South Germany, with half sampled in pure, respectively, mixed stands. Indices for resistance, recovery and resilience were applied for quantifying the tree growth reaction on the episodic drought stress in 1976 and 2003. The following general reaction patterns were found. (i) In pure stands, spruce has the lowest resistance, but the quickest recovery; oak and beech were more resistant, but recover was much slower and they are less resilient. (ii) In mixture, spruce and oak perform as in pure stands, but beech was significantly more resistant and resilient than in monoculture. (iii) Especially when mixed with oak, beech is facilitated. We hypothesise that the revealed water stress release of beech emerges in mixture because of the asynchronous stress reaction pattern of beech and oak and a facilitation of beech by hydraulic lift of water by oak. This facilitation of beech in mixture with oak means a contribution to the frequently reported overyield of beech in mixed versus pure stands. We discuss the far-reaching implications that these differences in stress response under intra- and inter-specific environments have for forest ecosystem dynamics and management under climate change.
Articulation strategies for English liquids used by Japanese speakers

This study examines the tongue shapes used by Japanese speakers to produce the English liquids /ɹ/ and /l/. Four native Japanese speakers of varying levels of English acquisition and one North American English speaker were recorded both acoustically and with Electromagnetic Articulography. Seven distinct articulation strategies were identified. Results indicate that the least advanced speaker uses a single articulation strategy for both sounds. Intermediate speakers used a wide range of articulations, while the most advanced non-native speaker relied on a single strategy for each sound.
Analysis of Influence of Personality Factors on Entrepreneur Intentions among Students

Author’s Details: (1) Soomro Raheem Bux -Assistant Professor-Department of Business Administration-Shah Abdul Latif University, Pakistan. (2) Gilal Faheem Gul-Research-Scholar-Dongling School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China (3) Dr. Irfan Ali-Assistant Professor -Department of Business Administration Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Abstract: To foster an entrepreneurial spirit among uneducated and educated youth is the only solution of everincreasing unemployment among youth. This study was intended to investigate the relationship between BigFive Personality, demographic factors (as gender and family background) and entrepreneurship intention among university students. This study shows that university students’ extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness are very useful in understanding entrepreneurial intention among students. The sample of this study comprised of 230 final year students from two large departments of Shah Abdul Latif University (SALU), Khairpur, Pakistan. Participation in this study was on a voluntary basis. Results show among the big five personality factors, Conscientiousness (38%) is the strongest predictor than other predictor variables. This study indicates that only two demographic variables, i.e., gender and family background, where males are more inclined than females towards entrepreneurship. There is no support found to show the influence of family background on entrepreneurial intentions among students. Since entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial attitude are not totally inborn and education can refine them. Therefore, it is suggested that the universities can provide complete entrepreneurial education, and allow university students to have the opportunity to learn organizations of firms, market analysis, product development, fund raising and corporate operation before they enter the society.
L'Extension des Theories de l'Equilibre Economique General et du Rendement Social au Cas du Risque

The following study proposes to generalize the classical theory of economic equilibrium and of welfare economics to the case of risk. Besides our own work, the only similar attempt which has been made in this field is, to the best of our knowledge, Mr. Arrow's paper, "The Role of Securities in the Optimal Allocation of Risk-Bearing," presented at the international colloquium on risk which was held in Paris, May, 1952. It is quite astonishing that such an important chapter of economics, both from theoretical and practical points of view, has up to now never been the object of systematic study. The reason for this is certainly its great difficulty. As the method of attacking this problem is doubtless the basic difficulty, we have, in order to make the exposition easier, confined ourselves to a simplified model. This has the double advantage of making perfectly evident the main considerations which, in our opinion, must enter into the analysis and of providing a simple and explicit framework for discussion. This model, furthermore, lends itself to easy generalization. Generally it can be said that the essential results of the theories of economic equilibrium and welfare economics are still valid in the case of risk.
Motivations to Grow Energy Crops: The Role of Crop and Contract Attributes

Perennial energy crops are a promising source of bioenergy whose production involves production risks, long term commitment of land and need for crop-specific investments without the coverage of crop insurance potentially available for conventional crops. We conduct a choice experiment in five states in the Midwestern and South-central regions of the US to examine the effect of crop-contract attributes on the joint discrete-continuous choice decisions to adopt an energy crop and convert acres to it from a status quo use, while controlling for the effect of various farmers’ risk and time preferences, socio-demographic characteristics, and availability of crop insurance for conventional crops. We find robust evidence that high discount rates, high upfront establishment costs and need for crop-specific investments create disincentives for adoption and allocation of land to energy crop production. The effects of riskiness of returns and risk aversion are less robust across specifications. The effect of conventional crop insurance on the energy crop adoption decision differs across types of insurance; in particular, farmers with revenue insurance are statistically significantly less likely to adopt an energy crop. Our results have implications for the design of effective contracts and policy incentives to induce the production of energy crops.
Learning three-dimensional flow for interactive aerodynamic design

We present a data-driven technique to instantly predict how fluid flows around various three-dimensional objects. Such simulation is useful for computational fabrication and engineering, but is usually computationally expensive since it requires solving the Navier-Stokes equation for many time steps. To accelerate the process, we propose a machine learning framework which predicts aerodynamic forces and velocity and pressure fields given a three-dimensional shape input. Handling detailed free-form three-dimensional shapes in a data-driven framework is challenging because machine learning approaches usually require a consistent parametrization of input and output. We present a novel PolyCube maps-based parametrization that can be computed for three-dimensional shapes at interactive rates. This allows us to efficiently learn the nonlinear response of the flow using a Gaussian process regression. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for the interactive design and optimization of a car body.
Stimulated by Novelty? The Role of Psychological Needs and Perceived Creativity

In the current research, we aimed to address the inconsistent finding in the brainstorming literature that cognitive stimulation sometimes results from novel input, yet other times from non-novel input. We expected and found, in three experiments, that the strength and valence of this relationship are moderated by people’s psychological needs for structure and autonomy. Specifically, the effect of novel input (vs. non-novel input), through perceived creativity, on cognitive stimulation was stronger for people who were either low in need for structure or high in need for autonomy. Also, when the input people received did not fit their needs, they experienced less psychological cognitive stimulation from this input (i.e., less task enjoyment and feeling more blocked) compared with when they did not receive any input. Hence, to create the ideal circumstances for people to achieve cognitive stimulation when brainstorming, input novelty should be aligned with their psychological needs.
Factors associated with patient-reported subjective well-being among advanced lung or non-colonic gastrointestinal cancer patients

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with a feeling of well-being using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS)–Feeling of Well-Being item (ESAS–FWB; where 0 = best and 10 = worst) among advanced lung or non-colonic gastrointestinal cancer patients who were referred to an outpatient palliative care clinic (OPCC). We also examined the association of performance on the ESAS–FWB with overall survival (OS). Method: We reviewed the records of consecutive patients with incurable advanced lung cancer and non-colonic gastrointestinal cancer presenting to an OPCC from 1 January 2008 through to 31 December 2013. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize patient characteristics. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with ESAS–FWB severity. We also examined the association of ESAS–FWB scores and survival using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results: A total of 826 evaluable patients were analyzed (median age = 62 years, 57% male). Median ESAS–FWB scores were five times the interquartile range (5 × IQR; 3–7). ESAS–FWB score was found to be significantly associated with ESAS fatigue (OR = 2.31, p < 0.001); anxiety (OR = 1.98, p < 0.001); anorexia (OR = 2.31, p < 0.001); cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye opener (CAGE) score (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.80, p = 0.008); and family caregiver distress (HR = 1.93, p = 0.002). A worse ESAS–FWB score was significantly associated with decreased OS (r = –0.18, p < 0.001). However, ESAS–FWB score was not independently associated with OS in the final multivariate model (p = 0.35), which included known major clinical prognostic factors. Conclusions: Worse ESAS–FWB scores were significantly associated with high scores on ESAS fatigue, anorexia, anxiety, CAGE, and family caregiver distress. More research is necessary to understand how palliative care interventions are capable of improving the contributory factors related to ESAS–FWB score.
Flavanones protect from arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women consuming grapefruit juice for 6 mo: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.

BACKGROUND The consumption of citrus fruits is associated with health benefits. However, clinical data regarding the effects of grapefruit flavanone consumption on vascular function are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to address the role of flavanones in the long-term effects induced by grapefruit juice (GFJ) consumption on vascular function in healthy postmenopausal women. DESIGN Forty-eight healthy postmenopausal women aged 50-65 y within 3-10 y since menopause, a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 19-30, and a waist size >88 cm completed this double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial. These volunteers were randomly assigned to consume 340 mL GFJ/d, providing 210 mg naringenin glycosides, or a matched control drink without flavanones for 6 mo each, with a 2-mo washout between beverages. The primary endpoint was the assessment of endothelial function in the brachial artery by using flow-mediated dilation. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and endothelial function in the peripheral arterial bed were also evaluated as indicators of vascular function. These measurements and blood collection for clinical biochemical markers were performed in overnight-fasted subjects before and after the 6-mo treatment periods. RESULTS The mean ± SD carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, which reflects central aortic stiffness, was statistically significantly lower after consumption of GFJ (7.36 ± 1.15 m/s) than after consumption of the matched control drink without flavanones (7.70 ± 1.36 m/s), with a P value of 0.019 for the treatment effect. Endothelial function in macro- and microcirculation, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, glucose metabolism, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were not affected by the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Regular GFJ consumption by middle-aged, healthy postmenopausal women is beneficial for arterial stiffness. This effect may be related to flavanones present in grapefruit. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01272167.
International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, Feb-2017 ISSN (2226-8235) Vol-6, Issue 2

Author Details: Dr. Madan Lal Bhasin Professor, School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia Abstract: The landscape of corporate reporting is changing quickly. The concepts, elements and principles that characterize the way organizations plan, manage and report their annual performances are currently being questioned, debated, and redesigned throughout the world. However, widening the scope of corporate performance and reporting is a major issue. Interest in and adoption of IR regarding a company’s financial, environmental, social, and governance performance is growing rapidly. Research needs to bridge the gap between social and financial performance by considering corporate performance in a wider perspective. At base, IR is a relatively new but powerful idea: enhancing the way organizations think, plan and report the story of their business. Organizations are using IR to communicate a clear, concise, integrated story that explains how all of their resources are creating value. IR is helping businesses to think holistically about their strategy and plans, make informed decisions and manage key risks to build investor and stakeholder confidence and improve future performance. It is shaped by a diverse coalition including business leaders and investors to drive a global evolution in corporate reporting. This paper examines the rise of what has been widely claimed to represent a new and striking future for corporate reporting, namely the notion of 'Integrated Reporting' (IR). Unfortunately, there is poor empirical research work undertaken which has focused on published integrated reports. This research study provides initial analysis of the content and structure of the corporate integrated reports published in 2013 and available on the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) Emerging Examples Database. As part of this study, Integrated Reports were analyzed for company information, report information and report content. Moreover, they were also evaluated as to the extent these adhered to the integrated reporting (IR) Guiding Principles, Content Elements, and the multiple capitals model. Findings of this study indicate that “early integrated reports were mostly lengthy, fail to adhere to all the guiding principles, and covered four of the six capitals suggested. ” At present, no universally accepted global framework for IR exists and it is still largely a voluntary practice. We believe that IR of both financial and nonfinancial performance should be made mandatory, and it should become a universal practice for all the global listed companies within the next 5-10 years.
Biphasic Gene Expression Changes Elicited by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Soybean Correlate with Fungal Penetration and Haustoria Formation1[W][OA]

Inoculation of soybean (Glycine max) plants with Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal organism of Asian soybean rust, elicits a biphasic response characterized by a burst of differential gene expression in the first 12 h. A quiescent period occurs from 24 to 48 h after inoculation, in which P. pachyrhizi continues to develop but does not elicit strong host responses, followed by a second phase of intense gene expression. To correlate soybean responses with P. pachyrhizi growth and development, we inoculated the soybean cultivar Ankur (accession PI462312), which carries the Rpp3 resistance gene, with avirulent and virulent isolates of P. pachyrhizi. The avirulent isolate Hawaii 94-1 elicits hypersensitive cell death that limits fungal growth on Ankur and results in an incompatible response, while the virulent isolate Taiwan 80-2 grows extensively, sporulates profusely, and produces a compatible reaction. Inoculated leaves were collected over a 288-h time course for microarray analysis of soybean gene expression and microscopic analysis of P. pachyrhizi growth and development. The first burst in gene expression correlated with appressorium formation and penetration of epidermal cells, while the second burst of gene expression changes followed the onset of haustoria formation in both compatible and incompatible interactions. The proliferation of haustoria coincided with the inhibition of P. pachyrhizi growth in the incompatible interaction or the beginning of accelerated growth in the compatible interaction. The temporal relationships between P. pachyrhizi growth and host responses provide an important context in which to view interacting gene networks that mediate the outcomes of their interactions.
MITIGATION OF CADMIUM INDUCED STRESS IN TOMATO BY SELENIUM 955 Assay of antioxidant enzymes : Fresh leaf tissues

Pot experiments were performed to assess the role of selenium in growth regulation of Solanum lycopersicum and its ameliorative role under cadmium stress. Cadmium (200 μM CdCl2) treatment reduced growth considerably and application of selenium (1.2μmol/L) improved growth and also mitigated the deleterious effects of cadmium. Selenium increased chlorophyll and carotenoid which were however reduced by cadmium stress. Cadmium treated plants showed higher lipid peroxidation and selenium caused improvement in membrane stability by reducing the production of hydrogen peroxide. Activities of antioxidant enzymes assayed increased with selenium treatment providing stability to cellular structures by quick removal of reactive free radicals. GSH and AsA were increased by 14.2% and 21.07% due to selenium application, however along with cadmium, it caused an increase of 40.5% and 45.7% respectively. Proline and phenol content increased with selenium providing osmotic stability to S. lycopersicum for cadmium tolerance. Moreover, selenium treatment declined the uptake of cadmium significantly.
Classification Techniques

: An ongoing field of research in the topic of natural language processing is called as Sentiment Analysis. Sentiment analysis (SM) is the process of extraction of information from a set of documents that are related to a specific entity.Depending on text classification and processing, user identify the polarity of given text. There are many classification techniques. Use of particular algorithm depends on the kind of input provided. Understanding and analyzing when to use which algorithm is an important task and it helps in improving accuracy of results.The main contribution of this paper to give brief description about sentimental analysis techniques and base for our future roadmap.