Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
O C ] 2 5 M ay 2 01 9 Optimal Parallelism Bound for Fully Asynchronous Coordinate Descent with Linear Speedup

When solving massive optimization problems in areas such as machine learning, it is a common practice to seek speedup via massive parallelism. However, especially in an asynchronous environment, there are limits on the possible parallelism. Accordingly, we seek tight bounds on the viable parallelism in asynchronous implementations of coordinate descent. We focus on asynchronous coordinate descent (ACD) algorithms on convex functions F : R n → R of the form F (x) = f(x) + n ∑ k=1 Ψk(xk), where f : R → R is a smooth convex function, and each Ψk : R → R is a univariate and possibly non-smooth convex function. Our approach is to quantify the shortfall in progress compared to the standard sequential stochastic gradient descent. This leads to a truly simple yet optimal analysis of the standard stochastic ACD in a partially asynchronous environment, which already generalizes and improves on the bounds in prior work. We also give a considerably more involved analysis for general asynchronous environments in which the only constraint is that each update can overlap with at most q others, where q is at most the number of processors times the ratio in the lengths of the longest and shortest updates. The main technical challenge is to demonstrate linear speedup in the latter environment. This stems from the subtle interplay of asynchrony and randomization. This improves Liu and Wright’s [23] lower bound on the maximum degree of parallelism attaining linear speedup almost quadratically; the new bound is essentially optimal. Part of the work done while Yun Kuen Cheung held positions at the Courant Institute, NYU, at the Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna and at Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus. He was supported in part by NSF Grant CCF-1217989, the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) project ICT10-002, Singapore NRF 2018 Fellowship NRF-NRFF2018-07 and MOE AcRF Tier 2 Grant 2016-T2-1-170. Additionally the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement no. 340506. This work was supported in part by NSF Grants CCF-1217989 and CCF-1527568.
HIV / AIDs-related stigma among medical students in Beijing , China

An HIV/AIDS-related stigma is already deeply entrenched within Chinese people; however, little is known about an HIV/AIDS stigma among medical students. This study assessed an HIV/AIDS-related stigma and its factors among medical students in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted at six medical sites in Beijing. Four hundred and twenty-two medical students completed a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of sociodemographic characteristics, items assessing an HIV/AIDS stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), and questions related to HIV/AIDS knowledge. Multivariate analysis was used to identify possible factors associated with an HIV/AIDS-related stigma among medical students. Despite a high level of HIV transmission knowledge (median = 11; possible range, 1-13), medical students in this study exhibited a moderate level of HIV/AIDS stigma (median = 28.6; possible range, 12-60). The HIV transmission knowledge score was not significantly correlated with the HIV/AIDS-related stigma score (P = 0.40). Male participants who were in pre-internship (under the fourth grade) or less were more likely to discriminate against PLWHA (P < 0.05). Medical students who majored in clinical medicine had higher stigma scores than medical students who majored in preventive medicine (P = 0.03). A high level of HIV transmission knowledge is not clearly associated with a low level of HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Chinese medical students; a ceiling effect likely exists. Nevertheless, learning from experience as a medical intern can improve medical students’ attitudes towards PLWHA.
Evaluation of the Role of High Resolution Computerized Tomography ( HRCT ) and Computerized Tomography Pulmonary Angiography ( CTPA ) in the Diagnosis , Differentiation and Detection of Possible Complications of Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction: Multi-detector pulmonary CT angiography and high resolution CT are now play an important role in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and are considered the first line of investigation in the diagnosis of most of the pulmonary vascular and interstitial disorders that’s cause PH. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Multi-detector pulmonary CT angiography (CTPA) and high resolution CT (HRCT) in the diagnosis of PH and its causes. Patients and Methods: 100 patients (diagnosed either clinically or by echocardiography to have PH) were examined using a 4-MCT scanner in the Radiology Department in Cairo University. The study population was assisted for different MDCT signs of PH, lung parenchyma, vascular and cardiac findings that help in the diagnosis of different causes of PH. Results: In all cases the main pulmonary artery (MPA) was larger than 29mm and further divided according to the size into three groups (<35mm=54%, >! 35 ! 940mm=28%, >40mm=18%). The more than 1:1 relation between segmental pulmonary artery and the bronchus in different pulmonary lobes was seen in 88% of cases. The more than 1:1 relation between the main pulmonary artery and the aorta was seen in 76% of cases. According to the other CT findings, the causes were divided into four groups. Group A (pulmonary) 36%, Group B (cardiac) 27%, Group C (vascular) 17% and Group D (idiopathic) 20%. Conclusion: CTPA and HRCT are a relatively available, minimally invasive investigation that can now be considered as an important modality that show signs of PH and the first line of investigation in diagnosis of possible causes of PH.
Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV) in Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Colonies in Hakkari Province

A study was carried out during May-August 2014 to investigate the occurrence and prevalence of Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) in 90 different apiaries located in Hakkari province (Turkey). To detect the viral nucleic acids, an RT-PCR assay has been implemented for a sensitive and specific diagnosis of ABPV, by using a pair of primer specifically designed to coat protein gene of ABPV, amplifying a 476 bp nucleotide fragment. ABPV was found to occur in 2 samples from two distinct locations among 90 apiaries indicating that ABPV is not widespread in Hakkari province. To understand the molecular relationship between the isolates and the strains of the same virus, the amplified ABPV fragments cloned and sequenced and the sequence was compared with the fragments of ABPV sequences from different geographic origin of the world. The phylogenetic analysis revealed nucleotide identity rates between 85 and 97 %. The partial CP gene of ABPV sequence deposited in the GenBank database with the accession number of KP259311.
Survey on the D-module

In this survey we discuss various aspects of the singularity invariants with differential origin derived from the D-module generated by f s . We should like to point the reader to some other works: [Saito 2007] for V-filtration, Bernstein– Sato polynomials, multiplier ideals; [Budur 2012b] for all these and Milnor fibers; [Torrelli 2007] and [Narváez-Macarro 2008] for homogeneity and free divisors; [Suciu 2014] on details of arrangements, specifically their Milnor fibers, although less focused on D-modules.
Toxigenic Potential of Vibrio cholerae O 1 and O 139 Serotypes Isolated from Cases of Diarrhea in Baghdad hospitals تىوضعَىا تٍيصَىا عاىّلأا اشٍىىنىا ثبَض تٍَس O 1 و O 139 داذغب ثبٍفشخسٍ ًف هبهسلإا ثلابح ٍِ

Cholera is most important water borne pathogen. The public health significance of a V. cholerae isolate is routinely assessed by two critical properties: the production of cholera toxin CT and the possession of either the O1 or O139 antigen, which acts as a marker of epidemic potential. The objective of this study is to detect V. cholerae serotypes directly from stools and determines their toxiginicity potential. Sixty four stool samples were collected from four hospitals in Baghdad from November 2010 to February 2011. The age of patients was ranging from two months to 12 years, 26 females and 38 males. Immunochromatographic test used for qualitative detection of O1and /or O139 serotypes was used in addition to routine culture for isolation of V. cholerae. Using specific primer cholera toxin gene, ctxA2-B, was amplified and the PCR product was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Out of 64 stool samples only 16 (25%) was positive. Fifeen 93.7% of these samples were positive for O1serogroup and just one 6.3% was positive for O139 serogroup. Stool sample culture on alkaline peptone water and then on TCBS agar enhance the growth of 11(17.2%) V. cholerae isolates, 10 (90.9%) were belong to O1 serotype and one 9.1% belong to O139. The results of ctxA2-B gene amplification show that, 9 (90%) out of 10 O1serotypes was positive. While the only one 100% O139 serotype was positive. As conclusion, the incidence of cholera caused by V. cholerae O1 is more than that caused by V. cholerae O139 in Baghdad hospitals. Immunochromatographic test is a rapid and sensitive test in recover V. cholerae O1 and O139 serotypes. PCR is a simple molecular tool to determine the toxigenicity of V. cholerae isolates.
Eportfolios: From Description to Analysis.

In recent years, different professional and academic settings have been increasingly utilizing ePortfolios to serve multiple purposes from recruitment to evaluation. This paper analyzes ePortfolios created by graduate students at a Canadian university. Demonstrated is how students’ constructions can, and should, be more than a simple compilation of artifacts. Examined is an online learning environment whereby we shared knowledge, supported one another in knowledge construction, developed collective expertise, and engaged in progressive discourse. In our analysis of the portfolios, we focused on reflection and deepening understanding of learning. We discussed students’ use of metaphors and hypertexts as means of making cognitive connections. We found that when students understood technological tools and how to use them to substantiate their thinking processes and to engage the readers/ viewers, their ePortfolios were richer and more complex in their illustrations of learning. With more experience and further analysis of exemplars of existing portfolios, students became more nuanced in their organization of their ePortfolios, reflecting the messages they conveyed. Metaphors and hypertexts became useful vehicles to move away from linearity and chronology to new organizational modes that better illustrated students’ cognitive processes. In such a community of inquiry, developed within an online learning space, the instructor and peers had an important role in enhancing reflection through scaffolding. We conclude the paper with a call to explore the interactions between viewer/ reader and the materials presented in portfolios as part of learning occasions.
Pharmaceutical Marketing in Rural Setting

Recent studies of pharmacy practice have called attention to the role played by community pharmacists and pharmacy attendants in encouraging self-medication and experimentation with medicine among the public. While research has focused on community pharmacists and pharmacy attendants as medium encouraging selfmedication and medicine experimentation. This paper highlights the context in which pharmacist and pharmacist attendants engage in ``prescribing medicines'' to the public in Jharkhand, India. An ethnographic description of pharmacies and pharmaceutical-related behavior in Jharkhand is provided to demonstrate how mutual relationships between pharmacy owners, medicine wholesalers, and pharmaceutical sales representatives (medical representatives) influence the actions of pharmacy staff. Attention is given on the role of the medicine marketing and distribution system in encouraging prescription practice, ``counterpushing'' and self-medication. In documenting the profit motives of different players located on the drug sales, it is argued that the economic benefit and the mutual relations that exist between doctors, medical representatives, medicine wholesalers and retailers, need to be more closely studied by those supporting ``rational drug use''.
Common Ground Clear , Specific Content Holds Teaching , Texts , and Tests Together By

Imagine for a moment that you are a new fourth-grade teacher with 25 children squirming in front of you. There’s a test at the end of the year, though you really aren’t sure what’s on it, and there are stacks of enormous textbooks— too enormous to tackle cover-to-cover—on the shelf. The one thing that is abundantly clear is that you are supposed to teach to the standards. So, when you open up that standards document, do you hope to see something like this?
What causes the accrual anomaly – growth or earnings persistence ?

This paper directly tests whether the accrual anomaly is attributable to growth as opposed to earnings persistence from three different approaches. First, I find that the accrual anomaly varies cross sectionally in a predictable way and critically depends on firms’ business models. In industries where accruals capture strong (weak) growth information, accruals show strong (insignificant) predictive power for future stock returns. In contrast, earnings persistence exhibits no explanatory power on the cross sectional variation in the accrual anomaly. Second, when I decompose accruals into growth-related and growthunrelated components, I find that the growth-related component has much stronger predictive power for future stock returns than the growth-unrelated component. Finally, I find a strong accrual effect at the industry level. Collectively, these results support the view that the accrual anomaly is largely attributable to the growth information contained in accruals. * I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee: Philip Berger, Merle Erickson, Toby Moskowitz, Joseph Piotroski, and Abbie Smith (chair). I also thank Ray Ball, Daniel Bens, Robert Bushman, John Cochrane, Kent Daniel, Ellen Engel, Eugene Fama, Rachel Hayes, Darren Roulstone, Franco Wong, and participants at the University of Chicago Asset Pricing Lunch Session and Accounting Brownbag for many helpful discussions and insightful comments. Any remaining errors or ambiguities are solely my responsibility. What causes the accrual anomaly – growth or earnings persistence?
Individual reactions to using information technology Intentions to use information technology 1 1 1 Actual use of information technology 1 Figure 1

Information technology (IT) acceptance research has yielded many competing models, each with different sets of acceptance determinants. In this paper, we (1) review user acceptance literature and discuss eight prominent models, (2) empirically compare the eight models and their extensions, (3) formulate a unified model that integrates elements across the eight models, and (4) empirically validate the unified model. The eight models reviewed are the theory of reasoned action, the technology acceptance model, the motivational model, the theory of planned behavior, a model combining the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, the model of PC utilization, the innovation diffusion theory, and the social cognitive theory. Using data from four organizations over a six-month period with three points of measurement, the eight models explained between 17 percent and 53 percent of the variance in user intentions to use information technology. Next, a unified model, called the United Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). was formulated, with four core determinants of intention and usage, and up to four moderators of key relationships. UTAUT was then tested using the original data and found to outperform the eight individual models (adjusted R^ of 69 percent). UTAUT was then confirmed with data from two new organizations with similar results (adjusted f^ of 70 percent). UTAUT thus provides a useful tool for managers needing to
D S ] 2 J un 2 01 9 Maximum Entropy Distributions : Bit Complexity and Stability

Maximum entropy distributions with discrete support in m dimensions arise in machine learning, statistics, information theory, and theoretical computer science. While structural and computational properties of max-entropy distributions have been extensively studied, basic questions such as: Do max-entropy distributions over a large support (e.g., 2m) with a specified marginal vector have succinct descriptions (polynomial-size in the input description)? and: Are entropy maximizing distributions “stable” under the perturbation of the marginal vector? have resisted a rigorous resolution. Here we show that these questions are related and resolve both of them. Our main result shows a poly(m, log 1/ε) bound on the bit complexity of ε-optimal dual solutions to the maximum entropy convex program – for very general support sets and with no restriction on the marginal vector. Applications of this result include polynomial time algorithms to compute max-entropy distributions over several new and old polytopes for any marginal vector in a unified manner, a polynomial time algorithm to compute the BrascampLieb constant in the rank-1 case. The proof of this result allows us to show that changing the marginal vector by δ changes the max-entropy distribution in the total variation distance roughly by a factor of poly(m, log 1/δ) √ δ – even when the size of the support set is exponential. Together, our results put max-entropy distributions on a mathematically sound footing – these distributions are robust and computationally feasible models for data.
Evolution of Type-correct Program Heuristics for Multi-Objective Combinatorial optimization problems Using Strongly Typed Genetic Programming

Multi-objective Combinatorial Optimization (MOCO) problems are an important class of optimization problems since a great number of practical problems are formulated in terms of them.In this work we develop a Type-basedGenetic Programming framework to evolve a set of heuristics for the MOCO problems using minimal problem knowledge . The operators and terminals used to implement the GP framework are arrived at naturally from the types involved in the problem and not from problem-knowledge.We apply our genetic programming framework to evolve heuristics for two sample problems,namely the bi-objective 0/1 knapsack problem and multiple cost minimum spanning tree problem(mcMST). We consider the single objective MST problem also as a precursor to the mc-MST problem. For all the problems considered the answers required are in the form of a set of objects.For the knapsack problem,it is set of items to be included in the knapsack and for the minimum spanning tree problems it is the set of edges.Hence for all the problems the program tree evolved is a decision tree which is Boolean typed tree and which when presented with an object returns true or false depending upon whether the object is to included in the set or not.We analyzed the program trees evolved and quantitatively evaluated the results obtained from applying these heuristics to standard test instances of the problem classes considered. The heuristics evolved from our GP framework are similar to the human designed algorithms/heuristics and the solutions obtained from applying these heuristics are also comparable to those from human designed heuristics.More over the results of type based GP framework have been found to be better than the un-typed implementation of GP.However for some difficult graph types such as concave and anti co-related the results from GP are not good.
1 1 EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH

Exporting firms are more productive, but they do not know initially where their productive capacity lies; overall productivity level increases as firms discover their productive potentials; and economic growth entails concentration in relatively high productive activities, but initial discovery process may require diversification of production structure. Given these evidences from empirical and theoretical analyses, we investigate the impact of export diversification on productivity by using four alternative measures of productivity and three measures of diversification and test whether diversification really helps discover productive capacities. We additionally introduce an index of within-diversification for empirical purposes. In general, we find no significant relationship between the structure of export and productivity. The results are robust to alternative measures of productivity, diversification, aggregation of the data, and estimation methods. Allowing for heterogeneity with respect to degree of development and sectoral classification, however, provides important insights. Low and lower middle income countries tend to suffer from within-diversification (or benefit from within-specialization) in manufacturing industries. Lowermiddle income countries benefit from higher specialization in chemicals and related products, mineral products and in sector classified as other manufacturing articles. These findings confirm the previous findings on the impact of specialization on productivity for lower income countries.
1 DAMAGE SUFFERED BY INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS DURING THE 2012 EMILIA ( ITALY ) EARTHQUAKES

The seismic sequence that struck the Emilia Region of Northern Italy at the end of May 2012 had a strong impact on a highly industrialised area of recent codified seismicity. Industrial buildings, which have high exposure in terms of human life, building content and importance of production processes, have been severely damaged. In this study, damage observed during field surveys in such buildings is presented. The interpretation of the structural performance is carried out recognising different types of damage, e.g. formation of plastic hinges at the base of the columns, short-column failures, unseating of the beams and collapse of cladding panels. Non-linear dynamic analyses are performed on plane models representing typical configurations of industrial buildings present in the most affected area. The analyses highlight the directionality of damage, the relevance of the vertical component of earthquake excitation, and the significant inelastic rotation induced in the columns. Finally, recommendations are made to improve the seismic behaviour of these types of structures.
Tear Monocyte Intima Blood Flow VSMCs Chemokines Sub-intima Modified LDL Foam Cell Accumulation Macrophage Monocyte uptakes LDL Endothelium

Follow this and additional works at: http://publications.lakeforest. edu/eukaryon Part of the Diseases Commons, and the Molecular Biology Commons Disclaimer: Eukaryon is published by students at Lake Forest College, who are solely responsible for its content. The views expressed in Eukaryon do not necessarily reflect those of the College. Articles published within Eukaryon should not be cited in bibliographies. Material contained herein should be treated as personal communication and should be cited as such only with the consent of the author.