Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
cDNA Isolation and Gene Expression of the Maize Annexins p33 and p35

The isolation, cloning, and sequencing of two full-length cDNAs corresponding to the root tip forms of the maize (Zea mays L. cv Clipper) annexins p33 and p35 are described. These are the first complete sequences for the widely reported doublet of plant annexins. The predicted sequences can be divided into four repeat domains characteristic of the annexin family, but Ca2+ binding by the type-II site typical of annexins would be predicted to occur only in repeats 1 and 4. This reduced number of sites is consistent with previously reported biochemical data indicating a high Ca2+ requirement for membrane association. Although the two annexins are very similar (80% amino acid identity), their genes are quite distinct, as demonstrated by their different 3[prime] noncoding regions and Southern blotting. The predicted sequences of the root tip proteins are very similar to regions known from peptide sequencing of the coleoptile proteins. Because a rather small gene family is indicated, the implication is that there may be less functional diversity than in animal cells. Furthermore, the sequence data clearly show that plant annexins form a very distinct group compared with those from other kingdoms.
PHY layer performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.15.7 visible light communication standard

The IEEE 802.15. 7 standard defines a PHY layer and medium access control (MAC) layer for visible light communication and promises data rates sufficient to support audio and video multimedia services. In this paper, we first provide an overview of different PHY types available in the IEEE 802.15. 7 standard, then present an extensive comparative error rate performance evaluation of PHY I, II and III types through Monte Carlo simulations.
Effect of serologic status and cesarean delivery on transmission rates of herpes simplex virus from mother to infant.

CONTEXT Neonatal herpes most commonly results from fetal exposure to infected maternal genital secretions at the time of delivery. The risk of transmission from mother to infant as it relates to maternal herpes simplex virus (HSV) serologic status and exposure to HSV in the maternal genital tract at the time of labor has not been quantified. Furthermore, no data exist on whether cesarean delivery, the standard of care for women with genital herpes lesions at the time of delivery, reduces HSV transmission. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of viral shedding, maternal HSV serologic status, and delivery route on the risk of transmission of HSV from mother to infant. DESIGN Prospective cohort of pregnant women enrolled between January 1982 and December 1999. SETTINGS A university medical center, a US Army medical center, and 5 community hospitals in Washington State. PATIENTS A total of 58 362 pregnant women, of whom 40 023 had HSV cultures obtained from the cervix and external genitalia and 31 663 had serum samples tested for HSV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Rates of neonatal HSV infection. RESULTS Among the 202 women from whom HSV was isolated at the time of labor, 10 (5%) had neonates with HSV infection (odds ratio [OR], 346; 95% confidence interval [CI], 125-956 for neonatal herpes when HSV was isolated vs not isolated). Cesarean delivery significantly reduced the HSV transmission rate among women from whom HSV was isolated (1 [1.2%] of 85 cesarean vs 9 [7.7%] of 117 vaginal; OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02-1.08; P =.047). Other risk factors for neonatal HSV included first-episode infection (OR, 33.1; 95% CI, 6.5-168), HSV isolation from the cervix (OR, 32.6; 95% CI, 4.1-260), HSV-1 vs HSV-2 isolation at the time of labor (OR, 16.5; 95% CI, 4.1-65), invasive monitoring (OR, 6.8; 95% CI, 1.4-32), delivery before 38 weeks (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.2-16), and maternal age less than 21 years (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1-15). Neonatal HSV infection rates per 100 000 live births were 54 (95% CI, 19.8-118) among HSV-seronegative women, 26 (95% CI, 9.3-56) among women who were HSV-1-seropositive only, and 22 (95% CI, 4.4-64) among all HSV-2-seropositive women. CONCLUSION Neonatal HSV infection rates can be reduced by preventing maternal acquisition of genital HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection near term. It can also be reduced by cesarean delivery and limiting the use of invasive monitors among women shedding HSV at the time of labor.
Facilitating academic institutional change: redefining scholarship.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Academic institutions are typically resistant to change. Redefining scholarship is an important issue for academic health care institutions. This study examines the change process at institutions that have attempted to change the definition of scholarship. METHODS Five medical schools were identified that had recently redesigned their promotion and tenure systems based on expanded definitions of scholarship. Interviews were conducted with a key leader in this effort. The interviews were designed to identify the forces and barriers involved in change, activities designed to secure faculty "buy-in, "factors needed to sustain change, and advice that would help others who might be considering such an effort at their academic health centers. We organized the results of the interviews within a change leadership and management model. RESULTS The responses to the survey questions fit well into the change model. Many of the responses were felt to be applicable to multiple stages of the change model. CONCLUSIONS The leaders of change from the study institutions, either by intention or intuition, identified key factors of their change process that fit well with the study model. Change leaders should include plans that follow an established model for institutional change in their strategy to change the definition of scholarship at their institution.
Expression of IGF2 and IGF receptor mRNA in bovine nuclear transferred embryos

Incomplete reprogramming of the donor cell nucleus after nuclear transfer (NT) probably leads to the abnormal expression of developmentally important genes. This may be responsible for the low efficiency of cloned animal production. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) are imprinted genes that play important roles in preimplantation development. To obtain an insight into abnormal gene expression after nuclear transfer, we assessed the transcription patterns of IGF2-IGF2R in single in vitro fertilised and cloned embryos by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IGF2R expression did not differ significantly but IGF2 was more highly expressed in cloned embryos than in IVF embryos (p < 0.05). This was confirmed by a quantitative RT-PCR method. Thus, incomplete reprogramming may induce abnormal transcription of IGF2 in cloned embryos.
Do breast feeding mothers get the home support they need?

The effect of 1 pattern of additional home support for breast feeding mothers was compared with the routine care currently offered by health visitors. All patients were mothers who were breast feeding when they were discharged from the Simpson Memorial Maternity Pavilion in Edinburgh, Scotland after delivering mature and normal birth weight infants. None of the mothers were intending to use hormonal contraception. 28 mothers were recruited to the study group and 52 to the control group. Patients in the study group were visited in the postnatal ward by 1 of the 2 midwifery sisters involved in the study. All home visits were then carried out by the same sister and were additional to the routine visits by the health visitors. All mothers were visited once by the sister in the 1st week after discharge and thereafter visits were arranged fortnightly at times which were convenient to the mother. The visits were conducted on a non-directive basis, simply giving the mothers the opportunity to raise problems. Visits were made fortnightly until the cessation of breast feeding. The mothers in the control group received the normal care from the community services, but they did not have the extra visits from the midwifery sisters. 24 weeks after delivery, control mothers were interviewed at home about the progress of breast feeding. All but 2 babies were thriving. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in regard to age, parity, or social class distribution. The number of routine home visits by health visitors as recalled by the mothers showed a wide range from 1-10 visits per patient, but the average number of 2.7 visits per patient was the same in the 2 groups. The study group received an additional 11.5 plus-minus 0.5 visits per patient during the first 24 weeks from the sisters involved in the study. In the study group, all mothers continued breast feeding until 12 weeks and 24 of 28 (86%) were still feeding at 24 weeks. Compared with the controls, the proportion of mothers breast feeding in the study group was higher throughout the 24 weeks of observation, the differences being significant at 12 weeks and 20 weeks. The effect of social class was shown by a progressive decline in continuation rates down the gradient of social class. Additional food in the form of formula milk or solids was introduced at an earlier stage in the control group. 19% of the mothers in the control gave insufficient milk or an unsettled baby as the major factors in stopping breast feeding. The remaining reasons, not related to the adequacy of the milk supply, were given by 16% of the control and 14% of the study group. It was possible to achieve a very high degree of successful breast feeding with the provision of consistent home support.
A Novel Application of Biosynthetic Tissue-Engineered Tridimensional Implant on Large Tendon Defects: A Comprehensive, Detailed, In Vivo Investigation with Significant Clinical Value

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a biosynthetic implant on tendon healing in vivo. Fifty white New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, namely treated (n = 25) and control (n = 25) groups. A large gap was created in the Achilles tendon and was maintained by Kessler pattern. In the treated group, the implant was inserted in the injured area. No implant was used in the control group. Contrast radiography, hematology, and clinical examination were conducted during the course of the experiment. The animals were euthanized at 60 days post injury (DPI) and their Achilles tendons were subjected to the gross, histopathologic, and biomechanical analyses and the hydroxyproline content of these tendons was also evaluated. Another five treated animals, as a pilot group, were used to define the inflammatory reaction at 10 DPI. Severe inflammatory reaction was initiated by the partially degraded implant, at 10 DPI. However, at 60 DPI, the inflammation subsided, the implant was mostly removed but a few small remnants were still present in the injured area. The newly formed tendon, properly aligned along the longitudinal axis of the Achilles tendon replaced the collagen implant. In the control tendons, a loose areolar connective tissue which tightly adhered to the peri-tendinous tissue was the only regenerated structure in the injured area. At this stage, the treated tendons showed significantly higher ultimate strength (p = 0.001), yield strength (p = 0.001), and stiffness (p = 0.001) compared with the control ones. Application of the biosynthetic implant was a safe and effective option in managing the large tendon defects and could be considered as a substitute for autografts in clinical practice.
Community Health Nursing In Oman

Community health nursing is one of the nursing specialties that have always been valued for its role in providing care in a variety of practice settings including homes, schools, work places or other community institutions [1]. Community health nurses (CHNs) provide care to individuals, families and communities regardless of their age, gender, health or socioeconomic status. They provide their services in order to promote health; prevent diseases and restore health [2]. Community health nursing is a populationfocused practice that aims to improve the health of the people. It is grounded in the population health status taking into consideration broad determinants of health and emphasizing all levels of prevention with a preference for primary prevention [2]. As the health care systems are changing, more emphasis is placed on prevention rather than cure. Thus, the focus is moving towards community based interventions [3].
Primary Sources of Health Information: Comparisons in the Domain of Health Attitudes, Health Cognitions, and Health Behaviors

The recent growth in consumer autonomy in health care accompanied by the surge in the use of new media for health information gathering has led to an increasing scholarly interest in understanding the consumer health information search construct. This article explores consumer health information seeking in the realm of the primary sources of health information used by consumers. Based on an analysis of the 1999 HealthStyles data, the paper demonstrates that active communication channels such as interpersonal communication, print readership, and Internet communication serve as primary health information sources for health-conscious, health-information oriented individuals with strong health beliefs, and commitment to healthy activities. On the other hand, passive consumption channels such as television and radio serve as primary health information resources for individuals who are not health-oriented. Media planning implications are drawn from the results, suggesting that broadcast outlets with an entertainment orientation are better suited for prevention campaigns. Such channels provide suitable sites for entertainment-education. On the other hand, print media, interpersonal networks, and the Internet are better suited for communicating about health issues to the health-active consumer segment.
Doppler of the ductus venosus in severe preterm fetal growth restriction: a test in search of a purpose?

Alessandro Ghidini, MD D ultrasonography has played a critical role in the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction, particularly when it is severe and preterm, allowing the identification of cases due to placental dysfunction. Because no therapy at present has been shown to significantly improve placental function, the goal of prenatal testing in such cases is to optimize the timing of delivery—late enough to avoid the sequelae of iatrogenic severe prematurity, yet early enough to avoid fetal death. The progressive fetal hypoxia and acidemia that accompany placental insufficiency affect multiple fetal organs. However, fetal surveillance in severe fetal growth restriction has traditionally relied on the assessment of the central nervous system, by the nonstress test and the biophysical profile, and the renal perfusion, by the amniotic fluid index. Doppler interrogation of the fetal arteries (particularly umbilical and middle cerebral arteries) has provided a useful window on the function of an additional fetal organ system, namely the cardiovascular system. The role of venous Doppler characteristics within management paradigms has been more controversial because abnormalities in the ductus venosus are exhibited only by a minority of fetal growth-restricted fetuses, usually in close proximity to abnormal testing requiring delivery.1,2 In this issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baschat et al3 (p. 253) analyze a large cohort of liveborn growth-restricted neonates in an attempt to identify independent predictors of outcome. All fetuses were delivered between 24 weeks and 32 6/7 weeks, most because of deteriorating fetal condition and nonreassuring fetal testing. Although the birth weight centiles were not provided, the severity of growth restriction in this series was documented by the high rate of umbilical artery pH less than 7.20 at birth (37%), despite the adoption of nearly uniform cesarean delivery before labor. Using multivariate analysis, the authors demonstrated, not surprisingly, that gestational age at delivery and severity of fetal growth restriction (as documented by birth weight adjusted for gestational age at delivery) were the two most powerful predictors of intact survival to discharge from the hospital. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the authors identified a gestational age of 29 2/7 weeks and a birth weight of 600 g as important thresholds below which more than two-thirds of neonates were destined to death or major morbidity before discharge from the hospital. Although a low 5-minute Apgar score and absent or reversed end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery were also independent predictors of intact survival to discharge, once the thresholds of gestational age and weight were exceeded, only absent or reversed ductus venosus flow during atrial systole was a significant independent predictor of intact survival. So, how good were these predictors? AccordSee related article on page 253.
The Impact of Machine Translation on Sentiment Analysis

The article explores the impact of Machine Translation on sentiment analysis, employing the combination of two state-ofthe-art tools the multilingual sentiment analysis tool SentiSAIL and the Machine Translation tool SDL Language Weaver. The original corpora are in German, Russian and Spanish in the domain of general news. The output language of translation is English. Firstly, the work presents the development and evaluation of SentiSAIL features in a newly supported language Spanish. Further experimental setup reveals that the performance rates of sentiment analysis on the original and translated corpora are comparable. Thus a given tool, performing high quality Machine Translation from a target language to English, can eliminate the necessity to develop specific sentiment analysis resources for that language. Keywords–Sentiment analysis; machine translation.
Family History of Hypertension Influences Neurobehavioral Function in Hypertensive Patients

This study examined the influence of family history of hypertension on neurobehavioral performance.Sixty-two hypertensive men and women who reported a family history of hypertension (+FH) were compared with 28 hypertensive individuals without a family history (-FH) and 32 normotensive control subjects. A neurocognitive test battery that included tests of information processing, verbal memory, and figural memory was administred individually to each patient. Results showed that +FH, compared with -FH and normotensive control subjects, was associated with poorer performance on three tests of attention and short-term memory (Sternberg reaction time, Trails B, and Digit Span). There were no differences between the groups on tests of either verbal or figural memory. Other variables, including gender, ethnicity, age, years of education, blood pressure, state anxiety, depression, and Type A behavior did not account for these results. In addition, +FH hypertensive subjects reported greater levels of state anxiety and depression compared with -FH hypertensive subjects and normotensive control subjects. The findings suggest a genetic link to impaired cognitive abilities, as observed among hypertensive patients relative to their normotensive counterparts.
Reassessing the role of QTc in the diagnosis of autonomic failure among patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE A 1992 consensus statement on autonomic testing portrayed Bazett's heart rate-corrected QT interval (QT) prolongation as a specific yet insensitive indicator of diabetic autonomic failure. At that time, only a few small studies had evaluated the accuracy of QTc. To date, even fewer studies have evaluated whether its accuracy is influenced by patient characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We critically appraised 17 studies reporting the sensitivity and specificity of QTc for diabetic autonomic failure. The studies represented 4,584 patients with diabetes (mean age 34.9 years, 46% female, 92% with type 1 diabetes, mean duration of diabetes 14.5 years). We summarized the accuracy of QTc prolongation for diabetic autonomic failure as an odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) and determined whether patient and study design characteristics influenced the accuracy of QTc prolongation by comparing summary receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Autonomic failure, defined as > or =1.2+/-0.4 (mean +/- SD) abnormal of 2.0+/-1.6 administered cardiovascular reflex tests, was found in 26% (25-28) of patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of QTc > 441+/-8 ms for autonomic failure were 28% (26-29) and 86% (85-87), respectively. Autonomic failure was 2.26 times (1.90-2.70) more likely to be present in patients with than in patients without QTc prolongation. At 86% specificity, the sensitivity of QTc prolongation was 46 vs. 12% for men versus women (P = 0.0077), respectively, and, after adjustment for sex, 66 vs. 17% among patients aged 25 vs. 55 years (P = 0.1902) and 61 vs. 27% at thresholds of >420 vs. >460 ms, respectively (P = 0.2964). CONCLUSIONS QTc prolongation is a specific albeit insensitive indicator of autonomic failure. Although QTc prolongation is relatively accurate for men, accuracy may be even greater for young men at low QTc thresholds.
Predictors of Long-Term Survival After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

AIMS:The aim of this study was to identify predictors of both survival and tumor-free survival of a cohort of 155 patients, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis, who were treated by orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS:From January 1989 to December 2002, 603 OLTs were performed in 549 patients. HCC was diagnosed in 116 patients before OLT and in 39 at histological examination of the explanted livers. Eighty-four percent of the patients met “Milan” criteria at histology. Ninety-four patients received anticancer therapies preoperatively.RESULTS:The median follow-up was 49 months (range, 0–178). Overall, 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-yr survival were 84%, 75%, 72%, and 62%, respectively. Survival was not affected by the patient's age or sex, etiology of liver disease, Child score at transplantation, rejection episodes, tumor number, total tumor burden, bilobar tumor, and pathologic Tumor, Nodes, Metastasis (pTNM) stages. There was no statistically significant difference in survival when patients were grouped according to the recently proposed simplified pTNM staging (5-yr survival, 80% in stage I, 69% in stage II, 50% in stage III, p = 0.3) or the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) staging system for HCC. Encapsulation of the tumor and α-fetoprotein levels significantly affect patient survival. Five-year survival of patients with poorly differentiated (G3) HCC was significantly worse than that of patients with moderately (G2) or well-differentiated (G1) HCC (respectively, G3 44%, G2 67%, and G1 97%, p = 0.0015). Patients with micro- or macro-vascular invasion had a worse 5-yr survival than patients without vascular invasion (49% vs 77%, p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that histological grade of differentiation and macroscopic vascular invasion are independent predictors of survival (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.1, p = 0.0009 and HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–6.8, p = 0.022). CONCLUSION:Histological grade of differentiation and macroscopic vascular invasion, as assessed on the explanted livers, are strong predictors of both survival and tumor recurrence in patients with cirrhosis who received transplants for HCC.