Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capital Structure Adjustment in Brazilian Family Firms

We examine the extent to which family companies are different from non-family companies in their leverage ratios and their capital structure adjustment. By applying a dynamic trade-off model to a sample of Brazilian companies for 2003-2013, we show that family companies have higher leverage and slower adjustment speeds in comparison to non-family companies. We argue that family companies’ managers tend toward higher leverage because they are more confident and optimistic than managers of non-family firms. Financial constraints stemming from this high leverage prevent over-leveraged family firms from rapidly adjusting their target capital structure.
From the Director

For example, last week witnessed the first on-sky tests of an interim signal processing upgrade that will significantly increase the instantaneous throughput of the SMA, as well as greatly increase the total bandwidth which can be imaged with high spectral resolution. The article 'First Light For The New SMA Digital Back End' (pg. 10) illustrates a single baseline spectrum taken towards MWC349 using the new SMA FX Packetized Digital Back End, based on CASPER technology, in parallel with the existing SMA correlator.
Comprehensive Assessment of Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data Application to Anti-collision Manoeuvring

The use of radar information for collision avoidance is common, however it is effective only for constant values of ship motion parameters. As information delays or information errors occur, it is reasonable to supplement the information derived fromradar with another information system. An ideal systemshould operate automatically and continuously.Asystem that appears to be suitable to provide this kind of information is theAutomatic Identification System (AIS),whichmay be classified as a radio communication systemthat uses radiowaves to transmit datawith regard to ship motion parameters. In this paper the topic of integrity and completeness of AIS information is discussed and the research results for the completeness and integrity of dynamic information are presented. In addition, the outcomes ofAIS information correctness fromthe Gulf of Gdansk were compared with studies carried out in the Baltic Sea, east of Bornholm, between Trelleborg and Arkona. The results of research for AIS dynamic information with the highest completeness (Position, Course over Ground and Speed over Ground) are presented. The research outcomes presented in the paper lead to the conclusion that AIS could deliver useful supplementary information in the process of collision avoidance.
The Homeownership Experience of Households in Bankruptcy

This paper provides the first in-depth analysis of the homeownership experience of households in bankruptcy. The authors consider households who are homeowners at the time of filing. These households are typically seriously delinquent on their mortgages at the time of filing. The authors measure how often they end up losing their houses in foreclosure, the time between bankruptcy filing and foreclosure sale, and the foreclosure sale price. In particular, they follow homeowners who filed for chapter 13 bankruptcy between 2001 and 2002 in New Castle County, Delaware, through October 2007. They present three main findings. First, close to 30 percent of the filers lost their houses in foreclosure despite filing for bankruptcy. The rate rose to over 40 percent for those who were 12 months or more behind on their mortgage payment, about the same fraction as among those who entered into foreclosure directly. Second, filing for bankruptcy allowed those who eventually lost their houses to foreclosure to remain in their houses for, on average, an additional year. Third, although the average final sale price exceeded borrowers’ own estimates at the time of filing, the majority of the lenders suffered losses. These findings are pertinent to the recent debate over the bankruptcy code on mortgage modification. Finally, the paper also reports circumstances related to the loan, borrower, and lender that make it more or less likely that a certain result will take place.
Mutational Profile of the Fetus Maternal Plasma DNA Sequencing Reveals the Genome-Wide Genetic and

plasma DNA provides a way for noninvasive prenatal genome-wide scanning for genetic disorders. -thalassemia. Although still at the proof-of-concept stage, this study shows that sequencing of maternal β carrier for maternal mutation. They found that the fetus had not inherited the maternal mutation and thus was a heterozygous haplotype dosage (RHDO) analysis to see whether the fetus had inherited the genomic region that contained the sequencing data, they searched for and found the paternal mutation inherited by the fetus. They then used relative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and divided the SNPs into five categories. From the maternal plasma DNA authors conducted genome-wide genotyping of maternal and paternal DNA derived from blood cells for ~900,000 gene mutation, and the father carried a different mutation. The HBB both parents. The pregnant mother carried one subunit of hemoglobin. To inherit the disease, the fetus must carry mutations from β gene encoding the HBB in the -Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by severe anemia and is caused by mutations β -thalassemia. β from a chorionic villus sample) as guides. They then scanned the fetal genome to see whether the fetus had inherited authors assembled a complete fetal genomic map, using the paternal genotype and maternal haplotype (deduced plasma at constant proportions and that maternal and fetal DNA showed distinctive fragmentation patterns. Next, the to 65-fold genome coverage. They demonstrated that the full maternal and fetal genomes were present in maternal Using massively parallel sequencing, these investigators sequenced DNA in the plasma of the pregnant mother -thalassemia mutations. β colleagues now use this approach to identify whether the fetus carries no, one, or even two -thalassemia, Lo and β a proof-of-concept study in a family where both parents carry mutations for the blood disease parental genomes as guides). The fetal genome then could be scanned for mutations prenatally and noninvasively. In should enable sequencing of fetal DNA fragments that could then be assembled into a full genetic map (with the technology DNA. Although only 10% of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma is of fetal origin, next-generation sequencing Plasma from a pregnant woman is known to contain small amounts not only of maternal DNA but also of fetal Maternal Plasma Yields Fetal Secrets
2 . 1 Preemptive Pipelined Circuit Switching for Real-Time Messages ( PPCS-RT )

Real-time applications when mapped to distributed memory multiprocessors produce periodic messages with an associated deadline and priority. Real-time messages may be hard or soft deadline. Real-time extensions to wormhole routing (WR) with multiple virtual channels (VCs) and priority-based physical link arbitration and VC allocation have been proposed in the literature. With a fixed number of VCs/link, a message can face an unbounded priority inversion, rendering the global priority ineffective. In this paper, we propose a new flow control mechanism called Preemptive Pipelined Circuit Switching for Real-Time messages (PPCS-RT) to reduce the priority inversion problem. For the proposed model, with some architectural support, we present an off-line approach to compute delivery guarantees of hard deadline real-time messages. We also perform a comparison of realtime WR and PPCS-RT in terms of performance with soft deadline traffic. The overall miss ratio percentage is over 30 percent higher for WR than PPCS-RT with one VC/link at high traffic loads. Finally, we compare the architectural complexity of a PPCS-RT router and other real-time routers.
Housing Construction Cycles and Interest Rates

Housing investment is one of the most cyclical components of GDP. Much of that cyclicality stems from the sector’s sensitivity to interest rates, but it is also possible that construction lags generate intrinsic cyclicality in this sector. Although the housing sector is generally considered to be more interest-sensitive than the economy as a whole, the degree of this sensitivity seems to vary between countries and through time. In this paper, we model the housing markets in Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada using a structural three-stage least-squares system. We document the variations in the housing sector’s cyclicality and sensitivity to movements in interest rates, and attempt to determine the underlying causes of these differences.
Characterization of Bacillus Subtilis Isolated from Asian Fermented Foods

Eleven Bacillus subtilis strains capable of producing protease were isolated from fermented foods and characterized. B. subtilis DB and SR were selected for digesting rice proteins. It was found that they could reduce rice allergenicity by hydrolyzing allergenic fragments detected by immunoblotting. Moreover, the fact that B. subtilis SR could also digest rice proteins resulted in the increase of glutamic acid, which is the important amino acid for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production. Therefore, B. subtilis SR has the potential for application in the production of hypoallergenic fermented rice-noodle with high nutrient availability.
On the Determinism of Choice in Long-Run Interactions

When do we cooperate and why? This question concerns one of the most persistent divides between “theory and practice”, between predictions from game theory and results from experimental studies. For about 15 years, theoretical analyses predict completely-mixed “behavior” strategies, i.e. strategic randomization rendering “when” and “why” questions largely moot, while experimental analyses seem to consistently identify pure strategies, suggesting long-run interactions are deterministic. Reanalyzing 145,000 decisions from infinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma experiments, and using data-mining techniques giving pure strategies the best possible chance, we conclude that subjects play semi-grim behavior strategies similar to those predicted by theory. JEL–Code: C72, C73, C92, D12
Growth rate of the Richtmyer – Meshkov instability when a rarefaction is reflected

A model is presented that calculates the asymptotic growth rate of the linear Richtmyer–Meshkov instability when a rarefaction is reflected at the contact surface. The result is valid for any value of the incident shock Mach number and initial fluids parameters. There is very good agreement with previous numerical simulations and experiments done at high compressions. The technique developed in the model is seen to be highly accurate and allows us a fast evaluation of the asymptotic normal velocity at the interface. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1369119 #
Why Do Shareholder Votes Matter?

We show that majority-supported shareholder proposals create value not necessarily because their content has intrinsic value, but because they increase pressure on the board of directors. We document that shareholder organizations (CII), proxy advisory firms (ISS), and management often disagree about voting results because they apply different majority requirements in 60% of the cases. This allows us to identify each of those key players’ reactions to what they consider an approved proposal. As soon as CII considers a proposal has passed, there is higher pressure on noncomplying boards, as votes against directors and inefficient CEO turnovers increase very sharply. This is overall well-perceived by investors as stock prices also go up. Sanctions taken by ISS remain mild against otherwise well-perceived directors and do not cause inefficient CEO turnovers, but they do not improve firm value either. Interestingly, those effects of passage according to CII and ISS arise only when a proposal is not eventually implemented. 1 Stockholm School of Economics & Swedish House of Finance, Drottninggatan 98, Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: laurent.bach@hhs.se; daniel.metzger@hhs.se. We thank Marco Becht, Vicente Cuñat, Daniel Ferreira, Ernst Maug, Per Strömberg, Paolo Volpin, as well as seminar participants at HEC Paris, FU Amsterdam, Nova/Catolica Lisbon, WHU Vallendar, IFN Stockholm, Frankfurt U, Stockholm U, 2012 Gerzensee Evening Sessions, AFFI-EUROFIDAI 2013 conference, 15th Workshop on Corporate Governance in Oslo, and at the Swedish House of Finance for very helpful comments. This paper was initially circulated with the title “The Dark Side of Shareholder Activism: Evidence From CEO Turnovers”.
INVESTIGATION OF CROP LOSSES DUE TO MOTH BORERS IN INDONESIA

THROUGH AN ACIAR project on pest and disease management in Indonesia, the impact of stemborers Chilo sacchariphagus and C. auricilius and the top borer Scirpophaga excerptalis on stalk yield components was studied in fields at Pesantren Baru Sugar Factory, East Java. The experimental design consisted of randomised plots to compare natural infestation by the borers, biological treatments using the egg parasitoid Trichogramma spp. and a chemical treatment. Damage levels in untreated plots were the highest with an average of 14.5% internodes bored by Chilo spp. and 15.8 % stalks damaged by S. excerptalis. In comparison, the best treatment obtained with insecticides had only 4.6% and 3.8% damage level respectively, followed by plots treated with Trichogramma releases. The untreated plots had lower sucrose yield, higher fibre content and lower cane yield than all treated plots, which represents a loss in cane yield of 45.4 t/ha (–34%). Stalk height and other parameters were also affected, particularly in cane stalks attacked by S. excerptalis. The relationship between damage level and other stalk components was also investigated. Stalk weight, stalk length and sucrose were negatively correlated with stalk damage. Increased fibre content, resulting in less juice, was positively correlated with damage. These results are generally consistent with past studies on stem borers, particularly those on C. sacchariphagus and Eldana saccharina. They also confirm the severe impact of the top borer on crop yield. The high level of threat represented by moth borers to the Australian sugar industry stresses the importance of gathering more data on yield losses and pest management strategies for better preparedness.
Did the Goodwill Accounting Standard Impose Material Economic Consequences on Australian Acquirers?

This research explores the empirical association between takeover bid premium and acquired (purchased) goodwill, and tests whether the strength of the association changes after the passage of approved accounting standard AASB 1013 in Australia in 1988. AASB 1013 mandated capitalization and amortization of acquired goodwill to the income statement over a maximum period of 20 years. We use regressions to assess how the association between bid premium and acquired goodwill varies in the pre-AASB and post-AASB 1013 periods after controlling for confounding factors. Our results show that reducing the variety of accounting policy options available to bidder management after an acquisition results in a systematic reduction in the strength of the association between premium and goodwill.
Performance, Egg Quality and Mineral Utilization of Dokki-4 Laying Hens Fed Diets Containing Three Levels of Nonphytate Phosphorus in Absence or Presence of Microbial Phytase, Citric Acid or Both

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of single and combined addition of Citric Acid (CA) and Microbial Phytase (MP) on performance, egg quality and mineral utilization of hens fed graded levels of nonphytate phosphorus (NPP). The NPP levels were 0.40, 0.30 and 0.20% without and with MP (0.05%), CA (2.0%) or both. Twelve groups of both 28 weeks old hens and cockerels were fed their respective experimental diets. Criteria evaluated were feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, egg components, shell thickness, Haugh units, yolk index, tibia ash, tibia Ca, P, Mg, Cu and Zn and apparent retention of these minerals. Feeding the 0.2% NPP diet adversely affected (p<0.01) egg production, egg weight, feed intake, egg mass, feed conversion, percent eggshell, yolk index, shell thickness, tibia ash content and retention of Cu and Zn compared with their positive control. Although birds fed 0.3% NPP gave comparable performance and egg quality to their positive controls, tibia bone ash, tibia contents of Ca and P and retention of P, Cu and Zn of the former were significantly lower than the latter. The poor productive performance and egg quality due to feeding 0.2% NPP diet were completely corrected by MP but CA was not effective. Added MP can effectively prevent the reductions in performance and egg quality and either microbial phytase or citric acid may partially alleviate the depression of mineral utilization in birds fed the low NPP diets, without a synergistic positive effect for their combination.
DOI: 10

DOI: 10.1002/adem. ((please add manuscript number)) Tunable, Flexible composite magnets for marine monitoring applications** By Altynay Kaidarova, Mohammed Asadullah Khan, Selma Amara, Nathan Geraldi, Muhammad Akram Karimi, Atif Shamim, Rory.P. Wilson, Carlos.M. Duarte, and Jurgen Kosel * [*] Prof. Jurgen Kosel, Altynay Kaidarova, Mohammed Asadullah Khan, Selma Amara Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE) 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Thuwal 23955 Email: jurgen.kosel@kaust.edu. sa Nathan Geraldi, Prof. Carlos.M. Duarte Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Thuwal 23955 Prof.Rory.P. Wilson Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP Wales, United Kingdom (UK)
GROWTH RECONSTRUCTION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF AQUATIC MOSSES : INFLUENCE OF LIGHT, TEMPERATURE AND CARBON DIOXIDE AT DEPTH

1 The mosses Sphagnum subsecundum and Drepanocladus exannulatus dominate the vegetation in the oligotrophic, softwater Lake Grane Langso, Denmark, even at great depths where light and temperature are low. We used seasonal changes in morphology to reconstruct the annual growth and the longevity of the mosses and measurements of photosynthesis and respiration to evaluate the importance of light, temperature and CO2 for the growth patterns at depth in the lake. 2 The reconstruction technique revealed that the mosses had a relatively fast growth rate (90-250mm shoot-1 year-1) and were short lived (0.7-2.9 years). The shoots of both moss species grew faster in deep than in shallow water. Growth experiments in summer confirmed that Sphagnum grew more slowly and decayed more rapidly in shallow than in deep water. 3 Fast growth of mosses in deep waters can be accounted for by lower temperature, extensive CO2 supersaturation and nutrient enrichment in the hypolimnion during summer stratification. Maximum rate of light-saturated photosynthesis in July was 3.3-fold higher and of dark respiration 1.3-fold lower in Sphagnum from 9.5 m incubated at the ambient 8 ? C than in Sphagnum from 0.7 m incubated at 20 'C. The net daily carbon fixation was greater in deep than in shallow water despite the much lower irradiance at depth. Extensive CO2 supersaturation stimulated photosynthesis several-fold relative to the rates observed in air-saturated water. Tissues of Sphagnum were richer in nitrogen in deep than in shallow water during summer, but the importance of nutrient availability to annual moss growth remains unclear. 4 Reconstruction techniques are recommended for comparative studies on annual and interannual growth patterns of mosses within lakes and among lakes of different altitude, latitude and water chemistry. This information can be based on just a single collection and can therefore include remote sites with adverse climate.
TO BE OR NOT TO BE GREEN? THE CHALLENGE OF URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST-SOCIALIST CITY. CASE STUDY: CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

The sustainable development is an important issue for our society. Thus, urban green spaces are a key element in order to assure a sustainable urban development. Although, most often they are associated as having only an aesthetic function, the urban green spaces perform important socioeconomic and environmental functions. Therefore, ensuring the existence of a great number of green spaces within an urban area is one of the objectives of the new European policies for urban planning, taking into account the sustainable urban development trend promoted by the new European strategies and also the fact that in the last decade we have been confronted to an intensive land artificialization due to the extensive phenomenon of urban sprawl. Thus, the purpose of this research is to analyze the spatial distribution of green urban spaces in the Central and Eastern European post-socialist countries, members of the European Union, as well as the population accessibility to the green urban spaces. The main question of the study is how the EU urban planning policies has influenced the countries from the Central and Eastern Europe in maintaining and developing the urban green spaces. Do they assure an equitable accessibility to the urban green spaces for all the population in their fastest developing cities of their countries – the capitals? Or are there spatial disparities in what concerns their location patterns? Using a quantitative methodology, doubled by the use of GIS tools and statistics, this research aims to question the eventual typologies regarding the spatial distribution of green spaces as well as their quantitative aspects (their number, the area etc.).
Patients and Methods The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database

Alexander A. Brescia, MD, J. Scott Rankin, MD, Derek D. Cyr, PhD, Jeffrey P. Jacobs, MD, Richard L. Prager, MD, Min Zhang, PhD, Roland A. Matsouaka, PhD, Steven D. Harrington, MD, MBA, Rachel S. Dokholyan, MPH, Steven F. Bolling, MD, Astrid Fishstrom, LMSW, Sara K. Pasquali, MD, David M. Shahian, MD, and Donald S. Likosky, PhD, for the Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons Quality Collaborative
Cassava and turmeric flour blends as new raw materials to extruded snacks

Short cooking time and ability to blend varieties of food ingredients have made extrusion cooking a medium for low-cost and nutritionally improved food products. The effect of moisture, extrusion temperature and amount of turmeric flour mixed with cassava flour on physical characteristic of puffed snacks was evaluated in this work. Extrusion process was carried out using a single-screw extruder in a factorial central composite design with four factors. Results showed effect of extrusion parameters on dependents variables. High expansion, low browning, low water solubility index, intermediate water absorption index and high crispness desirable characteristics to puffed snacks are obtained in conditions of 12% moisture, 5% turmeric flour, 105o C of temperature and 250 rpm of screw speed. These paper point to the potential still unexplored of the use of flours of cassava and turmeric as raw materials in the development of extruded puffed snacks.