Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Model of Care for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Sufferers in Australia: Development and the Effects of Its Implementation

Background: Psychological comorbidities are associated with poor outcome and increased healthcare utilization in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, a model of care addressing the biopsychosocial dimension of disease is not routinely applied in IBD. This review describes the development of such a model and the effects of its implementation in a hospital‐based cohort of patients with IBD. Methods: Three different approaches were used: 1) collecting baseline epidemiological data on mental health comorbidities; 2) raising awareness of and targeting mental health problems; 3) examining the effects of the model implementation. Results: High rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms (36% and 13%, respectively) that are maintained over time were identified in IBD patients presenting at a metropolitan teaching hospital. Patients with documented psychological comorbidities were more likely to be hospitalized than those without (odds ratio [OR] = 4.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25, 13.61). Improvements in disease activity, anxiety, depression, quality of life, and coping have been noted when cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) was provided to patients. A drop in the use of opiates (P = 0.037) and hospitalization rates (from 48% to 30%) in IBD patients has been noted as a result of introduction of the changed model of care. In addition, the mean total cost of inpatient care was lower for IBD patients than controls (US$12,857.48 [US$15,236.79] vs. US$ 30,467.78 [US$ 53,760.20], P = 0.005). Conclusion: Our data to date suggest that an integrated model of care for patients with IBD may yield superior long‐term outcomes in terms of medication use and hospitalization rates and reduce healthcare costs. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012)
Dynamic Bargaining in a Supply Chain with Asymmetric Demand Information (With Online Appendices)

We analyze a dynamic bargaining game in which a seller and a buyer negotiate over quantity and payment to trade for a product. Both firms are impatient, and they make alternating offers until an agreement is reached. The buyer is privately informed about his type, which can be high or low: the high type's demand is stochastically larger than the low type's. In the dynamic negotiation process, the seller can screen, whereas the buyer can signal information through their offers, and the buyer has an endogenous and type-dependent reservation profit. With rational assumptions on the seller's belief structure, we characterize the perfect Bayesian equilibrium of the bargaining game. Interestingly, we find that both quantity distortion and information rent may be avoided depending on the firms' relative patience, and the seller may reach an agreement with either the high type or the low type first, or with both simultaneously. Furthermore, we explore our model to characterize the effect of demand forecasting accuracy on firm profitability. We find that improved demand forecast benefits the buyer but hurts the seller when the buyer's forecasting accuracy is low. However, once the buyer's forecasting accuracy exceeds a threshold, both firms will benefit from further improvement of the forecast. This observation makes an interesting contrast to previous findings based on the one-shot principal--agent model, in which improvement of forecasting accuracy mostly leads to a win--lose outcome for the two firms, and the buyer has an incentive to improve his forecasting accuracy only when it is extremely low. This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Profuse coarse pulmonary nodules in a patient with lymphangioleiomyomatosis: thirty-three years of follow-up

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease characterized by progressive cystic destruction of the lungs. We present an unusual radiological presentation of lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a patient followed for 33 years with profuse coarse lung nodules in addition to the classical cystic lesions. We believe that this report might support the case for considering LAM a low-malignant neoplasm.
Differential effects of early life stress on hippocampus and amygdala volume as a function of emotional abilities

Early life stress (ELS) is known to have considerable influence on brain development and affective functioning. Previous studies in clinical populations have shown that hippocampus and amygdala, two central structures of limbic emotion processing circuits, are predominantly affected by early stress exposure. Given the inconsistent findings on ELS‐related effects in healthy populations and the associations of ELS and affective functioning, the question arises which additional emotion‐relevant variables need to be considered to better understand the effects of ELS. We, therefore, investigated the volume of hippocampus and amygdala in 25 high alexithymic (h‐ALEX) and 25 low alexithymic (l‐ALEX) individuals, which were matched with regard to ELS, but significantly differed in their degree of emotional functioning. Volumetric analyses were performed using FSL‐FIRST, a method to automatically segment subcortical structures on T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images. Alexithymia was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Bermond–Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire. ELS was assessed by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Early Trauma Inventory. Our data showed that ELS was negatively associated with right hippocampus volume in h‐ALEX individuals, while there was no such association in the l‐ALEX group. Furthermore, ELS was positively associated with left amygdala volume in l‐ALEX individuals, but not in individuals with high levels of alexithymia. The present study emphasizes a substantial relationship between intrapersonal factors, such as alexithymia and neural alterations related to the experience of ELS. Longitudinal study designs are necessary to pursue the question of how emotional abilities interact with individual adaptations to early stress exposure on the neural level. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The contributions of kinesiology to surgical education.

Whether we are playing tennis or a cello, driving a bus or a golf ball, performing in an opera or in an operating room, we are continually engaging in motor performance, one of the most crucial components of human life. Motor performance can be divided into a hierarchy of control levels: voluntary movements (first level), defined as observed behavioral characteristics of body parts that lead to motor skills (second level), which are in turn the building blocks of motor tasks (third level), defined as a sequence of motor skills bound together by a common, often cognitive goal1. Different types of measures are often used to quantify motor performance, depending on the level being examined. For example, process measures are used to evaluate voluntary movements on the basis of the specific characteristics of the body position, limb velocity, and forces produced at the muscle level, whereas performance outcome measures are used to evaluate motor skills and tasks on the basis of the movement time or accuracy. To fully understand motor performance, both process and outcome measures should be quantified. Surgical technical skills are considered a subset of motor skills2. The experienced surgeon's performance, like that of any expert in an area requiring sophisticated motor skills, appears simple, graceful, smooth, and incredibly efficient; the novice's performance in the same surgical situation may be clumsy, inept, and highly inefficient. No one simple explanation accounts for these differences or for what produces them. Furthermore, no one scientific discipline can provide the explanation. To study the principles of the learning and performance of motor skills, one must be familiar with the theoretical perspectives of many fields, such as experimental psychology, neuroscience, human factors engineering (ergonomics), and biomechanics. For example, to understand fully the generation and learning of a complex surgical skill, …
[Clinicopathological features of low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma].

OBJECTIVE To study the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis and prognosis of low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (LGNPPA). METHODS The histopathological features and clinical and pathological data of nine cases of LGNPPA were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemistry (Two-step EnVision methods) was used to evaluate the expression of CKpan, vimentin, CK7, CK19, TTF-1 and TG; in situ hybridization was used to detect Epstein-Barr virus mRNA (EBER); and flow-through hybridization was used to evaluate the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV). RESULTS The mean age for the nine patients (eight males, one female) was 45.3 years (range 23 to 62 years). Microscopically the tumors were characterized by lobulated, papillary and glandular structures with patchy distribution of spindle cells. The papillary interstitial tissue was edematous, myxoid or hyalinized. The tumors were unencapsulated and infiltrated into the surrounding stroma. Four cases displayed transition between normal nasopharyngeal epithelium to neoplastic cells; and one case contained psammoma bodies. Five cases were strongly positive for CKpan, vimentin, CK7, CK19, TTF-1, and were focally positive for EMA and CD117. These five cases were all negative for TG, CK5/6, CK20, S-100 protein, p63, Calponin and SMA. In situ hybridization for EBER and flow-through hybridization for HPV were negative in all five cases. Follow-up data showed no post-operative recurrence of the LGNPPA. CONCLUSIONS LGNPPA is a rare low-grade neoplasm with distinct morphological characteristics. Its diagnosis is primarily based on the site of lesions and the histological features. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of LGNPPA could be aided by immunohistochemical staining. LGNPPA may originate from nasopharyngeal epithelium; and the prognosis is good with simple and complete resection.
An application of SAMPA-c for standard Chinese

Labeling segment is an important work in database building. This paper presents a labeling system for Standard Chinese named SAMPA -C. We give some charts: consonant chart, vowel chart, tone chart, retroflex final chart, sound variation chart and non-speech symbol chart. Then this labeling system is used in two corpora labeling. The result shows that the labeling system is suitable for Standard Chinese.
Scientific Diversity Interventions

Fair treatment of other scientists is an essential aspect of scientific integrity, warranting diversity interventions. Although the representation of women and racial or ethnic minorities within the scientific community has increased in recent decades, the overall pace of diversification remains relatively slow (1). A number of factors may be involved (2), but one possible explanation for this limited progress is that gender and racial or ethnic biases persist throughout academia (1, 3).
Brain Metastasis of Crystal-Deficient, CD68-Positive Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma: Ultrastructural Features and Differential Diagnosis

ABSTRACT We report a case of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) presenting as an isolated frontal lobe metastasis. The tumor demonstrated little or no immunoreactivity for a broad panel of antibodies yet strong, diffuse immunoreactivity with CD68. On electron microscopy, the characteristic rectangular to rhomboid crystalline inclusions of ASPS were not present. Electron-dense granules resembling peroxisomes were present, sometimes in association with elongated granular structures having a periodic, lattice-like arrangement. Metastatic ASPS was confirmed by demonstration of an ASPSCR1–TFE3 fusion and imaging studies that excluded metastatic Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma. The primary site was subsequently identified in the lower extremity.
COPING STRATEGIES: PREDICTORS OF PAIN CATASTROPHIZING AMONG WOMEN WITH DYSPAREUNIA

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of pain catastrophizing among women with dyspareunia in Sari city on winter 2011. Methods: In a population-based cross sectional study of 43 women with dyspareunia aged between 20 to 57 years (Mean=32.6, SD=7.9) recruited from public sector gynecology clinics, using purposive non-random sampling. Subjects were asked to complete the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ) and The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). In addition, demographics data were collected. Results: There was positive correlation between Pain catastrophizing and dyspareunia (p<0.05). Also no significant association was found among coping strategies and dyspareunia (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study provided critical information for professionals and gynecologists about dyspareunia and associated psychological factors for example coping strategies and pain catastrophizing that may effect on the sexual interactions. It is important to notice the possible impressions of cultural and local characteristics on results in this study.
Features of natural and gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist-induced corpus luteum regression and effects of in vivo human chorionic gonadotropin.

CONTEXT The natural process of luteolysis and luteal regression is induced by withdrawal of gonadotropin support. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the functional changes and apoptotic features of natural human luteal regression and induced luteal regression; 2) to define the ultrastructural characteristics of the corpus luteum at the time of natural luteal regression and induced luteal regression; and 3) to examine the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the steroidogenic response and apoptotic markers within the regressing corpus luteum. DESIGN Twenty-three women with normal menstrual cycles undergoing tubal ligation donated corpus luteum at specific stages in the luteal phase. Some women received a GnRH antagonist prior to collection of corpus luteum, others received an injection of hCG with or without prior treatment with a GnRH antagonist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Main outcome measures were plasma hormone levels and analysis of excised luteal tissue for markers of apoptosis, histology, and ultrastructure. RESULTS The progesterone and estradiol levels, corpus luteum DNA, and protein contents in induced luteal regression resembled those of natural luteal regression. hCG treatment raised progesterone and estradiol in both natural luteal regression and induced luteal regression. The increase in apoptosis detected in induced luteal regression by cytochrome c in the cytosol, activated caspase-3, and nuclear DNA fragmentation, was similar to that observed in natural luteal regression. The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly lower during natural luteal regression. The proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak were at a constant level. Apoptotic and nonapoptotic death of luteal cells was observed in natural luteal regression and induced luteal regression at the ultrastructural level. hCG prevented apoptotic cell death, but not autophagy. CONCLUSION The low number of apoptotic cells disclosed and the frequent autophagocytic suggest that multiple mechanisms are involved in cell death at luteal regression. hCG restores steroidogenic function and restrains the apoptotic process, but not autophagy.
Determination of Pressure Gradient in Mitral Stenosis with a Non‐invasive Ultrasound Doppler Technique

A 2 MHz continuous waveform noninvasive ultrasound doppler system has been used in the present investigation. With the aid of the audio signals of the frequency shifts, the ultrasound probe was positioned on the external chest so that the axis of the incident ultrasonic beam coincided with the direction of the maximum velocity vectors of the mitral jet. The frequency shifts due to the mitral jet were frequency analyzed and the time course of the maximum frequency shift was determined. The time course of the maximum mitral jet velocity was then determined from the doppler equation and the time course of the mitral pressure gradient from an orifice equation. The usefulness of the technique was evaluated by studying 25 patients with mitral stenosis and 10 without heart disease. The patients with mitral stenosis were studied during cardiac catheterization and the ultrasound data, the pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and the left ventricular pressure were recorded simultaneously. A table is presented where the gradient determined with the ultrasound technique, ΔPU, is compared with the gradient determined from the pressure tracings, ΔPM. Averaged over the 25 patients studied, ΔPU was 1.7 mmHg smaller than ΔPM at 0.08 sec diastolic time and 1.8 mmHg smaller at 0.25 sec diastolic time. The findings in the patients without heart disease differed distinctly from those in the patients with mitral stenosis. The investigation demonstrated that the non-invasive ultrasound technique can be used with confidence to gain an impression of the magnitude of the mitral pressure gradient. The findings also suggest that ΔPU represents the actual pressure gradient more accurately than ΔPM Another investigation is proposed to assess the accuracy of the technique more completely.
Merkel cells and Meissner's corpuscles in human digital skin display Piezo2 immunoreactivity

The transformation of mechanical energy into electrical signals is the first step in mechanotransduction in the peripheral sensory nervous system and relies on the presence of mechanically gated ion channels within specialized sensory organs called mechanoreceptors. Piezo2 is a vertebrate stretch‐gated ion channel necessary for mechanosensitive channels in mammalian cells. Functionally, it is related to light touch, which has been detected in murine cutaneous Merkel cell–neurite complexes, Meissner‐like corpuscles and lanceolate nerve endings. To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of Piezo2 in human cutaneous mechanoreceptors has never been investigated. Here, we used simple and double immunohistochemistry to investigate the occurrence of Piezo2 in human digital glabrous skin. Piezo2 immunoreactivity was detected in approximately 80% of morphologically and immunohistochemically characterized (cytokeratin 20+, chromogranin A+ and synaptophisin+) Merkel cells. Most of them were in close contact with Piezo2− nerve fibre profiles. Moreover, the axon, but not the lamellar cells, of Meissner's corpuscles was also Piezo2+, but other mechanoreceptors, i.e. Pacinian or Ruffini's corpuscles, were devoid of immunoreactivity. Piezo2 was also observed in non‐nervous tissue, especially the basal keratinocytes, endothelial cells and sweat glands. The present results demonstrate the occurrence of Piezo2 in cutaneous sensory nerve formations that functionally work as slowly adapting (Merkel cells) and rapidly adapting (Meissner's corpuscles) low‐threshold mechanoreceptors and are related to fine and discriminative touch but not to vibration or hard touch. These data offer additional insight into the molecular basis of mechanosensing in humans.
Muscle Strength and Endurance Do Not Significantly Vary Across 3 Phases of the Menstrual Cycle in Moderately Active Premenopausal Women

ObjectiveTo investigate muscle strength and muscle endurance in women during 3 well-determined phases of the menstrual cycle: early follicular phase, ovulation phase, and midluteal phase. DesignProspective, within-woman analysis was performed of muscle strength and muscle endurance by repeated measures analysis of variance in 3 hormonally verified phases of 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. ParticipantsFifteen female subjects with moderate physical activity level and regular menstrual cycles volunteered to participate in the study. Analyses are based on 10 subjects who completed 2 consecutive menstrual cycles with hormonally verified phases. Main Outcome MeasurementsHandgrip strength, 1-leg hop test, isokinetic muscle strength, and muscle endurance were measured in 2 consecutive menstrual cycles in the early follicular phase, in the ovulation phase, and in the midluteal phase. Isokinetic muscle strength and endurance were tested with knee extension exercise on a standard instrument. Menstrual cycle phases were determined by analysis of sex hormone levels in serum, and ovulation was detected by luteinizing hormone surge in urine. ResultsNo significant variation in muscle strength or muscle endurance could be detected during different well-determined phases of the menstrual cycle. ConclusionsThis study detected no significant variation in muscle strength and muscle endurance during the menstrual cycle. In contrast to other studies showing variations in strength and endurance during the menstrual cycle, the present study was hormonally validated and was repeated in 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. However, it is unknown whether these data in moderately active university students would be relevant to the highly trained woman athlete.
Risk assessment of dietary exposure to tryptamine for the Austrian population

ABSTRACT Tryptamine acts as a neuromodulator and vasoactive agent in the human body. Dose–response data on dietary tryptamine are scarce and neither a toxicological threshold value nor tolerable levels in foods have been established so far. This paper reviews dose–response characteristics and toxicological effects of tryptamine as well as tryptamine contents in food, estimates dietary exposure of Austrian consumers, and calculates risk-based maximum tolerable limits for food categories. A dose without effect of 8 mg kg−1 body weight day−1 was derived from literature data. Dietary exposure via fish/seafood, beer, cheese and meat products was estimated for Austrian schoolchildren, female and male consumers, based on 543 food samples analysed in Austria 2010–15 and on food consumption data from 2008. Even worst-case estimates based on very high tryptamine contents reported in the literature did not exceed 5.9 mg kg−1 body weight day−1, and thus were below the dose without effect. Maximum tolerable levels for food commodities were calculated for high-consumption scenarios (95th percentile of female Austrian consumers). For fresh/cooked fish, preserved fish, cheese, raw sausage, condiments, sauerkraut and fermented tofu, maximum tolerable levels were 1650, 3200, 2840, 4800, 14,120, 1740 and 2400 mg kg−1, respectively. For beer, the maximum tolerable limit of 65 mg kg−1 included an uncertainty factor of 10. None of the Austrian occurrence data exceeded these levels (in fact, only 3.3% of samples demonstrated measurable amounts of tryptamine), and just one report was found in the literature on a raw fish sample exceeding the respective tolerable level. In sum, dietary intake of tryptamine should not cause adverse health effects in healthy individuals. The assessment did not take into account the combined effects of simultaneously ingested biogenic amines, and increased susceptibility to tryptamine, e.g., due to reduced monoamine oxidase activity.