Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The hematite–goethite enhancement model of loess and an ‘irregular’ case from Paks, Hungary

On the basis of a key model of the appearance of hematite and goethite in some Chinese and European loess successions, paleosols generally contain higher proportions of hematite formed by pedogenic processes during warm and humid interglacials, while loess contains sedimentary goethite deposited during colder, glacial periods. Rock magnetic measurements were conducted on samples from Paks (Hungary) loess, revealing an anomalous case. Sediments were found to contain higher amounts of hematite and/or goethite, while the well‐developed paleosols were found to be lacking in hematite but had significant amounts of magnetite and maghemite. This observation demonstrates that the character of pedogenic magnetic mineral alteration and neoformation differs from the hematite/goethite model; the model is therefore not applicable to the Paks succession, possibly due to differences in the regional paleoclimate and pedogenic environment. The results indicate the existence of a further model, in which hematite formation is not significant in the course of pedogenesis.
Computational performance of a-100 kW low pressure turbine to recover gas turbine exhaust energy

Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) was designed to recover exhaust energy from Internal Combustion (IC) engine. The LPT is located downstream retrieved exhaust heat energy from combustion after flowing through the high pressure turbine (HPT). The work output obtained from the exhaust energy is used to drive an electric generator with power output of 1.0kW. These was not done by commercial turbine as the low efficiency resulted when operated. The main purpose of this project is to develop a scaling model for LPT with power output up to 100kW. An existing LPT that was designed with output of 1.0 kW used as guideline to upscale the turbine. Scaling factor was obtained by comparing the baseline with power output. The turbine performance was analysed by using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) ANSYS CFX. The study found that the scaling factor f, of 10 can be used to produce a 100kW at passage. Thus, the geometrical parameter will be scaled accordingly. The rotational speed is reduced from 50,000 rpm to 5,000 rpm. The CFD analysis found that 81% of total-static efficiency, ht-s at velocity ratio VR, of 0.68 and the Pressure Ratio PR, of 1.12 producing power of 119.88 kW which nearest with the design point which is at 100 kW. Despite the LPT swallowing capacity is increased by 50 times, the LPT is still limited by the operational choking Pressure Ratio, PR limitation which is 1.4.
Geology of the Ionian Basin and Margins: A Key to the East Mediterranean Geodynamics

We revisit the nature, structure, and evolution of the Ionian Basin and its surrounding passive margins (Apulia, Eastern Sicily/Malta, and Cyrenaica margins). Relying on geological observations (wells, dredges, and dives) and seismic calibrations from the surrounding platforms and escarpments, we present age correlations for the deepest sedimentary sequences of the Ionian Basin. Two‐ship deep refraction seismic data combined with reprocessed reflection seismic data enable us to identify, characterize, and map these thick sedimentary sequences and to present a consistent seismic stratigraphy across the basin. At a larger scale, we present new geological transects illustrating the tectonostratigraphic relationships between the Ionian Basin and its surrounding rifted margins. On this basis, we suggest that a Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic rifting preceded the late Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic formation of the Ionian Basin. The combination of geophysical and geological arguments suggests that the entire deep basin is floored with oceanic crust of normal thickness, but with high seismic velocity in the upper part. Upscaling our results in the framework of the eastern Mediterranean, we propose that the Ionian Basin represents the remnant of a short‐lived oceanic basin resulting from the interaction between two propagating oceans: the Central Atlantic and the Neo‐Tethys.
Diversity and putative metabolic function of prokaryotic communities in tank bromeliads along an elevation gradient in tropical Mexico

Tank bromeliads are unique canopy microhabitats that offer freshwater and organic nutrient-rich substrates in the Neotropics. In them it is possible to thoroughly characterize environmental factors and species composition of terrestrial and aquatic biota. Therefore, these plants have been used as natural models to study how communities are distributed and assembled. Here we used amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and their functional annotations to study the diversity and metabolic potential of prokaryotic communities in tank bromeliads in five different forests along an elevation gradient in tropical Mexico. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of vegetation type and environmental factors inside the tanks on prokaryotic composition. We found a high prokaryotic diversity in tank bromeliads along the elevation gradient. Prokaryotes commonly observed in acidic environments rich in organic carbon, and the potential pathogen Pasteurella multocida, were present in all samples, but few amplicon sequence variants were shared between forests. The prokaryotic composition was affected by forest type, and comparisons against null models suggest that it was shaped by non-neutral processes. Furthermore, prokaryotic community changes significantly covaried with tank water temperature, pH, and inorganic carbon. We found a high diversity of putative metabolic groups dominated by chemoheterotrophs and fermenters, but taxonomic groups involved in nitrogen and sulfur cycling were also present in all samples. These results suggest that tank bromeliads promote taxonomic and metabolic diversity of the prokaryotic community at a local and regional scale and play an important role in the biogeochemistry of forest canopies in the Neotropics.
Functional evaluation of LTR-derived lncRNAs in porcine oocytes and zygotes with RNA-seq and small RNA-seq

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly being recognized as modulators of early embryonic development in mammals. However, they are seldom investigated in pigs. Here, to annotate full-length RNA transcripts, we performed annotation using a newly developed computational pipeline—an RNA-seq and small RNA-seq combined strategy—using our previously obtained RNA-seq and small RNA-seq data from porcine oocytes and zygotes. As evidenced by the length comparison, the frequency of the core promoter, and the polyadenylation signal motifs, the transcripts appear to be full-length. Furthermore, our strategy allowed the identification of a large number of endogenous retrovirus-associated lncRNAs (ERV-lncRNAs) and found that some of them were highly expressed in porcine zygotes, as compared to oocytes. Through the knockdown strategy, two ERV-lncRNAs (TCONS_00035465 and TCONS_00031520) were identified as playing potential roles in the early embryo development of pigs, laying a foundation for future research.
The Analysis of Short-Term Dataset of Water Stable Isotopes Provides Information on Hydrological Processes Occurring in Large Catchments from the Northern Italian Apennines

This study discusses a dataset of water stable isotopes from precipitation (4 rain gauges) and surficial water (9 rivers) from the northern Italian Apennines, an area in which clay-rich bedrocks widely outcrop and the runoff response to precipitation events is very rapid. The dataset has been compiled starting from existing data that had previously been published in the literature and consists of monthly values of stable isotopes oxygen-18 (18O) and deuterium (2H) lasting over the period from January 2003 to December 2006 (precipitation) and from January 2006 to December 2007 (surficial water). For this period, mean residence times estimated by means of a sine-wave fitting technique make evident the significant differences over time spent by water molecules within the 9 catchments. Moreover, isotopic compositions of rivers deviated from those of precipitations revealing the influence of some catchment characteristics in differentiating the isotopic composition in rivers. Further correlations between mean residence times of river water and selected catchment characteristics reveal the role of orography and bedrocks in delaying the water molecules during their flow-paths. In addition, time series and cross–correlation analyses indicate a certain control by the main watershed divide on the isotopic composition of river waters, which is reflected in a progressive isotopic variation with longitude. The study shows that, despite using a short-time dataset (2-years for surficial water) of sparse stable isotopes can provide remarkable indications for depicting hydrological processes in large catchments made up of clay-rich bedrocks.
Attrition in an American Norwegian Heritage Language Speaker

This paper investigates the language of one person: an elderly bilingual lady who speaks Heritage Norwegian in addition to English. Her heritage language production reveals language that is different both from what we know of Heritage Norwegian from other sources and from European Norwegian, and which is taken to be the result of language attrition. Her language is therefore well-suited for studying the regression hypothesis (Jakobson 1941), i.e., whether what is learnt first is retained longest, and whether what is learnt last is lost first. After having established the order of acquisition, her morphological and syntactic production is investigated. The paper examines the noun-phrase-related categories of definiteness suffix, indefinite determiner, compositional definiteness and pronouns, as well as clause-related structures: verb second (V2) word order with topicalization, V2 with negation, and target V3 in subordinate clauses. The main result is that the regression hypothesis is supported.
Fuzzy Matching in Machine Translation Evaluation

Most current automatic metrics of machine translation evaluation do not consider that among unmatched words there may be neglected information. In this paper, we describe a strategy to find fuzzy-matched word pairs between reference and candidate translations automatically and propose an approach to compute the similarity. The whole process of finding fuzzy-matched word pairs and computing their similarity is demonstrated in detail. Experiments show that our method is capable of finding neglected meaningful word pairs fairly well. More importantly, the performance of BLEU is significantly improved by integrating fuzzy matching. Fuzzy matching is possible to be utilized to improve other automatic methods.
On the Momentum Transfer From Polar to Equatorial Ionosphere

During space weather events, a large amount of energy and momentum from the solar wind inputs into the ionosphere‐thermosphere. A critical question is that if the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction drives only the open field region in the polar caps, how the solar wind energy and momentum are transmitted to the low latitude and equatorial ionosphere. This important issue has been studied over decades and is still poorly understood, impeding space weather forecasting ability. Here we use our newly developed 2.5‐D ionosphere‐thermosphere simulation model that self‐consistently solves the density, velocity, and temperature for electrons, multiple ion and neutral species, and electromagnetic fields to study this challenging problem. The focus of the present study is on the prompt response of the ionosphere to a convection disturbance from the polar magnetosphere. The longer time scale responses caused by the neutral winds from the polar caps will be the topic of future studies. We show that the momentum is transferred from polar to equatorial ionosphere predominately by fast magnetosonic waves, and propagation of perturbations from the source region experiences delay, damping, and substantial reflection, and the ionosphere/thermosphere behaves like a low‐band‐pass filter. The finding from this study sheds new insight onto coupling processes within the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system.
Analysis of Ngrowo River Quality as Impact of Wastewater Based on Chemical Physical Parameters in Sembung Village Tulungagung

Water is an important natural resource which can be used for drinking and other activities in life. Water pollution occur when the entry of living things, substances, energy or other components into the water, so that the quality of water drops to a certain level which causes the water to no longer function in accordance with its designation. The quality of water pollution can be reviewed based on physical chemical parameters of water, through oxygen levels, pH levels, temperatures and levels of water turbidity. The purposes are to determine the oxygen content, water turbidity level, temperature and pH value in the water of the Ngrowo River, Sembung Village, Tulungagung. The method is a descriptive study, used purposive sampling technique with 5 points 6 repetitions. The result is the overall mean of dissolved O2 was 6.020 mg / L, the pH level was 6.06, temperature 32°C, and the turbidity level of water was 22.6 NTU. The conclusion is based on the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001 in accordance with the physical and chemical parameters measured, Ngrowo River, Tulungagung Regency is categorized in class II. The value of DO, pH, and temperature of the river, they were categorized safely consumed based on WHO Guideline but based on turbidity was not good. It s recommended that the water should be treated before we consume it. Keywords: water, water pollution, water quality, DO, temperature, pH, turbidity.
Pragmatic functions of formulaic speech in three different languages: A focus on early L3 learners of English

The study examines early multilingual formulaic speech with a focus on the English classroom. We have followed a discourse-pragmatic approach in the analysis of our data, which comprises transcripts from eight 45-minute sessions. Transcripts from these sessions involved 184 participants from two different age ranges. In this analysis, we have considered formulas produced in three languages: Catalan, Spanish, and English. Our goal is to provide further evidence for the inherent dynamism and complexity of early multilingual pragmatic development, and in so doing, to acknowledge the role of the educational level and the language program adopted in the school. Findings are partly in line with (a) previous studies dealing with the identification of pragmatic functions in the EFL classroom (Llinares & Pastrana, 2013), and (b) the peculiarities of early third language learners (Portoles, 2015). Finally, we tackle the importance of adopting multilingual perspectives in the analyses of multilingual students.
The Integration of Multi-source Remotely-Sensed Data in Support of the Classification of Wetlands

Wetlands play a key role in regional and global environments, and are critically linked to major issues such as climate change, wildlife habitat, biodiversity, water quality protection, and global carbon and methane cycles. Remotely-sensed imagery provides a means to detect and monitor wetlands on large scales and with regular frequency. In this project, methodologies were developed to classify wetlands (Open Bog, Treed Bog, Open Fen, Treed Fen, and Swamps) from multi-source remotely sensed data using advanced classification algorithms. The data utilized included multispectral optical and thermal data (Landsat-5) and Radar imagery from RADARSAT-2 and Sentinel-1. The goals were to determine the best way to combine the aforementioned imagery to classify wetlands, and determine the most significant image features. Classification algorithms investigated in this study were Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). Based on the test results in the study area in Northern Ontario, Canada (49°31′.34N, 80°43′37.04W), a RF based classification methodology produced the most accurate classification result (87.51%). SVM, in some cases, produced results of comparable or better accuracy than RF. Our work also showed that the use of surface temperature (an untraditional feature choice) could aid in the classification process if the image is from an abnormally warm spring. This study found that wetlands were best classified using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetative Index) calculated from optical imagery obtained in the spring months, radar backscatter coefficients, surface temperature, and ancillary data such as surface slope, computed through either an RF or SVM classifier. It was also found that preselection of features using Log-normal or RF variable importance analysis was an effective way of identifying low quality features and to a lesser extent features which were of higher quality.
Melting and melt migration in heterogeneous mantle beneath mid-ocean ridges

Evidence for chemical heterogeneity in the mantle is widespread in oceanic basalts, yet its consequences for basalt petrogenesis are little understood. A significant unknown is the e↵ect that heterogeneity has on the dynamics of magma flow in the mantle. Observations of oceanic crust and the upper mantle suggest that magma migrates to the surface through a network of high porosity channels. In this thesis, I use computational models of coupled magma/mantle dynamics beneath mid-ocean ridges to question whether a physical connection exists between channelized flow and mantle heterogeneity. The models are intialized with simple, hypothetical patterns of heterogeneity that cause the fusiblity of the model mantle to vary. The principal result is that channelized melt flow is a consequence of melting in a heterogeneous mantle. Magma from preferentially melted heterogeneities nucleates high porosity, high permeability channels that grow by a feedback between magma flux and dissolution. Using the models in various configurations, I explore the dynamics of channel formation and investigate how the topology of mantle heterogeneity a↵ects melt segregation and focusing beneath ridge axes. Additionally, I use the models to predict the speed and time scale of melt migration. A simple model of equilibrium partitioning is used to cast the results in terms of 230Th disequilibria. Comparisons of the modelled geochemistry against global measurements indicate that the models presented here provide a reasonable, first-order description of the dynamics of magma flow beneath ridges. I also explore a systematic connection between plate kinematics and global patterns of mid-ocean ridge bathymetry with three dimensional models of solid mantle flow beneath transform faults. The results provide new constraints on the scale of melt focusing and melt redistribution at ridge axes, and pose questions for future 3D studies of melt migration beneath ridges.
Source Analysis of Pollutant Elements in Winter Air Deposition in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region: A Temporal and Spatial Study

The extraction and upgrading of bitumen have been identified as sources of enhanced atmospheric deposition of pollutant elements to ecosystems in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) in northern Alberta, Canada. Bitumen extraction became increasingly efficient, and oil prices surged in the 1990s, resulting in rapid expansion and increased production over the last two decades. Here, we examine temporal and spatial trends in wintertime atmospheric deposition of pollutant elements in 1978, 1981, 2008, and 2011–2016 at broad spatial scales using snowpack measurements. A hybrid source analysis was conducted, including (i) simple and multiple linear regression (MLR) of identified source locations and elemental deposition, (ii) spatially resolved aluminum enrichment factors (Al EFs), and (iii) positive matrix factorization (PMF) to determine source profiles. Temporal trends revealed a general decrease in atmospheric loadings; however, near-field V, Ti, and Al loadings in 2016 were an order of magnitude greater .
A Novel Method for Determining Infiltration of Mechanically Ventilated Buildings

A novel method for determining air infiltration for mechanically ventilated buildings is presented in this paper. It consists of a model that uses size-resolved particle concentrations of the outdoor, filtered supply, and exhaust air as input. Based on these continuously measured concentrations, the infiltration rate can be inferred by fitting the experimentally obtained indoor concentrations with theoretically calculated values. The approach was validated by continuous long-term field measurements made over a four-month period. The results show that infiltration rates could be reliably estimated using this method and that the calculated infiltration rates were clearly dependent on the wind speed.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PAN-AFRICAN MOBILE BELT DEFORMATIONS OF SOUTHERN MARADI (SOUTH NIGER)

This present paper discusses the characterization of Pan African Mobile belt deformation of South Maradi. The methodology adopted was mainly primary data, and in that, in the deformation characterization, a multidisciplinary approach has been implemented, including geophysical correlations, cartographic and petrostructural observations. This approach has made it possible to establish a map of the geological formations of the area. The result shows that during the two episodes/phases, the setting of granitoids was associated with the re-playing of the regional shear-zones. The radiometric dating of the rocks revealed that Pan-African deformation phases affected both paleo-proterozoic and Neo-proterozoic formations. In the findings, the analysis highlighted at least three (3) deformational phases, noted D1, D2 and D3. The D2 Pan-African deformation phase, also ductile, consists of two (2) episodes (D2a and D2b) The more brittle D3 phase was associated with two (2) episodes of strain-slip schistocity; one of orientation N80 0 to N120 0 (S3) followed by a second orientation of N40 0 (S4)