Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partition of five aroma compounds between air and skim milk, anhydrous milk fat or full-fat cream

The present study deals with the physicochemical interactions between aroma compounds and various dairy media used as models of complex food matrices, as well as the consequences of the interactions on aroma partitioning between the air and matrix. Five aroma compounds were investigated: amyl and isoamyl acetate, ethyl pentanoate, hexanal and t-2-hexenal. Skim milk, anhydrous milk fat and full-fat cream were chosen as dairy media, while water was used as a reference medium. Apparent partition coefficients of the five aromas were determined between the air and media between 30 and 80 °C by static headspace-gas chromatography. Partition coefficients over full-fat cream were also calculated from partition coefficients over skim milk and anhydrous milk fat. Compared with water, a significant retention of t-2-hexenal was observed in skim milk (nearly 90% whatever the temperature), whereas the retention of the other aromas varied from 6% for isoamyl acetate to 40% for hexanal in skim milk. Hydrophobic interactions were responsible for the retention of esters, whereas covalent binding of t-2-hexenal by dairy proteins was probably involved. The volatility of the 5 aromas was drastically reduced over anhydrous milk fat, because of their hydrophobic nature (log P > 1). There were discrepancies between calculated and measured partition coefficients over full-fat cream, which depended on aroma compounds and temperature. Measured and calculated ethyl pentanoate retentions were similar whatever the temperature. For isoamyl acetate, hexanal and, to a lesser extent, t-2-hexenal, aroma retention was greater than expected. The reverse phenomenon was observed with amyl acetate. The so-called "enthalpy of affinity" was calculated from the variation of the partition coefficient with temperature. This parameter allowed an overview of the relative importance of aroma compounds-matrices interactions. Anhydrous milk fat / aroma compounds / cream / skim milk / partition coefficient
VieWs on eFFecTiVeness oF stuDents’ eVaLuation oF teaCHing

Pagrindinis šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti „Studentai įvertina dėstymą“ (toliau – SĮD) metodo efektyvumą remiantis universitetų dėstytojų ir studentų nuomone. Tyrimui pasirinkta žvalgybinė aprašomoji analizė. Dalyvavo 300 dėstytojų ir 600 magistrantūros studijų studentų iš 3 Irano aukštųjų mokyklų. Duomenims rinkti pasirinkta 30 punktų anketa. Atsakymams pateikti naudota 5 balų Likerto skalė (nuo visiškai nesutinku iki visiškai sutinku). Tyrimas parodė, kad Cronbacho alfa koeficientai yra pakankamo lygmens (dėstytojams – .86, o studentams – .88). Statistiškai reikšmingi skirtumai tarp dėstytojų ir studentų nustatyti atsižvelgiant į lytį, darbo patirtį, pareigų statusą ir pagrindinę studijavimo kryptį. Dėstytojai sutinka, kad reikėtų naudoti skirtingus įvertinimo metodus (pvz., kolegų įvertinimą, savęs įvertinimą ir administratorių atliekamą įvertinimą), o ne pasikliauti vien „Studentai įvertina dėstymą“ metodu. Tyrimas atskleidžia abejones dėl SĮD metodo naudojimo Irano aukštojo mokslo sistemoje bei kelia klausimus, ar teisinga naudoti tokį reitingavimą priimant sprendimus, susijusius su dėstytojų pareigomis. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo: nustatant dėstymo kokybę, SĮD metodą reikėtų naudoti itin atsargiai. aBsTracT
An Experimental Study on Bagasse ash as Replacement for Cement in Lightweight Concrete

The present study is to investigate experimentally the fresh and hardened properties of lightweight concrete using sugarcane bagasse ash(SCBA) as replacement for cement by weight at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads as 100% replacement for coarse aggregate respectively. From the result it was found that there is marginal increase in workability with bagasse ash content up to 10% beyond that there is possibility of reduction in slump value. The compressive strength of lightweight concrete increases with bagasse content up to 15% and beyond this there is possibility of drastic reduction in strength and this 15% bagasse ash replacement strength is slightly less than opc based lightweight concrete at 28 days but this value is comparable.
Loss Aversion and Residential Property Development Decisions in the People's Republic of China: A Semi-Parametric Estimation

Loss aversion is a core concept in prospect theory that refers to people’s asymmetric attitudes with respect to gains and losses. More specifically, losses loom larger than gains. With the capability of loss aversion to explain economic phenomena, some of which are puzzling under expected utility theory, this concept has received significant attention. We develop a behavioral model of loss aversion to explain the development decisions by residential property developers in the People’s Republic of China. Under the leasehold property right system, real estate development has two stages—first to lease land from the government, and then to develop the property according to the lease terms. This presents a unique opportunity to test the presence and effect of loss aversion in real estate development decisions. More specifically, we determine when the land premium paid by a developer is substantially higher than the market value, whether and how this “paper loss” will affect the pricing of the housing products and development time of the project in future development. We use a sample of land and house transaction records from Beijing to test the hypothesis. This is the first study to use a semi-parametric model in estimating developers’ loss aversion. Results show that developers are most prone to loss aversion bias around the reference point or when facing large losses. The results also suggest that loss aversion contributes to the cyclical trading pattern in housing markets.
The effect of different dietary electrolyte balances on eggshell quality in laying hens

L'objectif de cette etude est de determiner l'influence de differents apports alimentaires en electrolytes sur la qualite des coquilles, le poids des oeufs, le pourcentage de cendres osseuses et de matiere seche des oeufs et sur plusieurs parametres sanguins. Au total, 216 poules pondeuses Lohmann-Brown ont ete utilisees et reparties de facon aleatoire en 4 groupes egaux de 54 poules chacun. L'apport alimentaire en electrolytes a ete de 170 mEq/kg dans le groupe controle tandis que dans les groupes experimentaux, les apports ont ete ajustes a 80 mEq/kg (groupe 1) par ajout de NH 4 Cl, a 256 mEq/kg (groupe 2) par NaHCO 3 et a 330 mEq/kg (groupe 3) par NaHCO 3 et KHCO 3 . L'experience a dure 8 semaines. La production en oeufs par poule, leur poids, la qualite des coquilles (proportions minerales, epaisseur, resistance, pourcentage d'œufs casses), le taux de matiere seche dans les oeufs, ci de mineraux dans les os, les concentrations plasmatiques de glucose et de mineraux ainsi que les parametres sanguins refletant l'equilibre acido-basique (pH sanguin, concentrations en HCO 3 - , pCO 2 et pO 2 ) ont ete mesures. Le poids moyen des œufs et la proportion de matiere seche ont ete significativement plus eleves dans le groupe 2 que dans les autres groupes (P < 0.001). Dans ce groupe, l'epaisseur et la resistance de la coquille ont ete augmentees par rapport au groupe 1 (P < 0.05) et le pourcentage d'oeufs casses reduit compare aux groupes 1 et 3 (P < 0.01). La proportion de cendres issues du tibia a egalement ete augmentee par rapport au groupe controle (P < 0.05). De plus, une balance electrolytique alimentaire moderee (groupe 2) ou elevee (groupe 3) a significativement diminue les concentrations plasmatiques en chlorures pendant les 4 premieres semaines et a augmente celles des HCO 3 (P < 0.001). Le pH sanguin a ete plus eleve dans le groupe 3 que dans le groupe 1 (P < 0.001). Ces resultats montrent qu'une supplementation en sels alcalins assure une correction partielle de l'acidose metabolique due a la ponte et que des effets negatifs sur la qualite des coquilles sont observes lorsque l'exces de chlorures est associe a une modification de la balance en electrolytes. Par consequent, une balance alimentaire electrolytique moderee (256 mEq/kg) peut ameliorer la qualite des coquilles et l'equilibre acido-basique chez la poule pondeuse.
Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid and AT1 Receptor Antagonism on Vascular Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Rats

This study investigated the effects of losartan (Los; AT1 receptor antagonist) and acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin; Asp) on dexamethasone (Dex)-induced hypertensive rats. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were used and divided into 5 equal groups; Control group (Con); Hypertensive group (HT0) i.p. injected with Dex (40 μg/kg/d); Hypertensive Los-treated group (HTL) p.o. administered with Los (40 mg/kg/d); Hypertensive Asp-treated group (HTA) p.o. administered with Asp (100 mg/kg/d); and Hypertensive Los- & Asp-treated group (HTLA). Induced hypertension was associated with decreased thymus weight (ThW), increased aortic vascular reactivity (AVR) to norepinephrine (NE), attenuated relaxation to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh) but not to the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP), decreased renal blood flow velocity (RBV) with increased renal blood flow resistance (RBR), decreased aortic tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) & catalase (CAT), decreased plasma nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) & reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). HTL & HTA rats showed significantly attenuated Dex-induced effects on all tested parameters, except ThW. HTLA rats showed complete preventive effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP), AVR to NE & ACh, RBV, RBR, and plasma MDA, NOx & GSH. Moreover, that group showed greater enhancement of aortic tissue GPX & CAT activity. (AL-RIDI M.R., ABDEL-SATER K.A. and SOKAR S.S. Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid and AT1 Receptor Antagonism on Vascular Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Rats. Life Sci J 2013; 10(2): 2638-2648). (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com 366
INTERSTELLAR SILICATE DUST IN THE z = 0.89 ABSORBER TOWARD PKS 1830-211: CRYSTALLINE SILICATES AT HIGH REDSHIFT?

We present evidence of a >10σ detection of the 10 μm silicate dust absorption feature in the spectrum of the gravitationally lensed quasar PKS 1830-211, produced by a foreground absorption system at redshift 0.886. We have examined more than 100 optical depth templates, derived from both observations of Galactic and extragalactic sources and laboratory measurements, in order to constrain the chemical structure of the silicate dust. We find that the best fit to the observed absorption profile is produced by laboratory crystalline olivine, with a corresponding peak optical depth of τ10 = 0.27 ± 0.05. The fit is slightly improved upon by including small contributions from additional materials, such as silica, enstatite, or serpentine, which suggests that the dust composition may consist of a blend of crystalline silicates. Combining templates for amorphous and crystalline silicates, we find that the fraction of crystalline silicates needs to be at least 95%. Given the rarity of extragalactic sources with such a high degree of silicate crystallinity, we also explore the possibility that the observed spectral features are produced by amorphous silicates in combination with other molecular or atomic transitions, or by foreground source contamination. While we cannot rule out these latter possibilities, they lead to much poorer profile fits than for the crystalline olivine templates. If the presence of crystalline interstellar silicates in this distant galaxy is real, it would be highly unusual, given that the Milky Way interstellar matter contains essentially only amorphous silicates. It is possible that the z = 0.886 absorber toward PKS 1830-211, well known for its high molecular content, has a unique star-forming environment that enables crystalline silicates to form and prevail.
Histological and histometrical changes of ostrich thyroid gland during summer and winter seasons in Tehran, Iran

The seasonal changes of ostrich thyroid structure in Tehran, which has a hot summer and a relatively cold winter, were studied. The study was conducted on thyroid glands of 20 ostriches in two groups (summer and winter group). The samples were collected by autopsy with a maximum of 0.5 cm thickness and were fixed in 10% formalin saline. The samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 to 6 μm, stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin method and examined under light microscope. The results showed that the seasons had a significant effect on thyroid parenchyma-stroma ratio. This ratio was significantly increased in winter. The number and diameter of thyroid follicles were increased in winter too. The histometrical results showed that the number of thyroid follicles, active follicles and follicles with vacuolated colloid were significantly increased in winter (p < 0.01). The diameters of large follicles and epithelium height of follicles were also increased in winter significantly (p < 0.01). However, the results showed that the parenchyma of thyroid glands was significantly increased in winter which is associated with increase in thyroid activity in winter. Key words : Seasonal changes, histology, thyroid, Ostrich, Iran.
Time allocation of male and female raccoon dogs to pup rearing at the den

The proportion of time that male and female raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834) spent at the den during pup rearing was studied in Finland using radiotracking. Results were compared with the behaviour of some other canids. Male raccoon dogs spent even more time at the den than females, especially during the day when males remained almost 80% of the time at the den, but females only about 60%. The behaviour of males and females did not differ at night. Consequently, the behaviour of males differed at various times of day and night, but that of females did not. During the 1st month after birth pups were seldom left by themselves: during day both parents were often at the den, but at night only one of them was usually at the den. That males spend more time at the den with pups than females is common behaviour in the raccoon dog and the bat-eared fox Otocyon megalotis. These canids feed on small food items that are difficult to carry to the den, especially if food is scarce and widely distributed. Instead, the female forages and nurses the pups, and the male guards the litter. In species with larger food items, the males usually carry food to the den. When food items are very large they cannot be carried to the den, but males and other pack members feed from the carcass and regurgitate food at the den.
Performance Measurement Using Development Ladder Assessment and Health Indicators: Study of Co-operatives

AbstractObjective – This study aimed to analyze the performance of co-operative using two different performance management measures, Development Ladder Assessment (DLA 2009 version) and co-operative health indicator (CHI). Design/methodology – The sample of this study is 10 co-operatives operated in Aceh, Indonesia. Data was collected from secondary and primary sources. The secondary data is obtained from financial reports and annual meeting reports of 2014 and 2016, while primary data was collected from questionnaires with management and supervisory board of the co-operatives. The data was analyzed using a comparative and descriptive statistical approach. Results – This study found that both performance methods produced different results. Some co-operatives attain rank “A” in DLA approach, but no co-operatives are categorized as rank “A” within CHI measure. Additionally, DLA is more informative for the supervisory board in measuring co-operative performance than CHI.
Investigating the Research Approaches for Examining Technology Adoption Issues

Adoption of technology, a research topic within the Information Systems area, is usually studied at two levels: organizational level and user level. This paper examines the range of methods used for studying technology adoption issues at both these levels. The approaches were selected after conducting a review of 48 articles on technology adoption and usage, published in peer reviewed journals between 1985 and 2003. The journals reviewed include the MIS Quarterly, Information Systems Research, European Journal of Information Systems, Information Systems Journal, and other relevant journals in the IS area. The findings suggest that the survey method was used predominantly when investigating the topics of user adoption and the usage of technology. In contrast, the case study method is the most widely used when examining adoption issues at the organizational level.
Role of Proteus mirabilis DNA in Comparison to Candida albicans DNA in Rats’ Joints Infection

In This study a comparison between Proteus mirabilis DNA and Candida albicans DNA in Arthritis. Fourteen Proteus isolates (11.6%) were collected from 120 specimens collected from midstream urine of patients of both sex and different ages attending different hospitals in Baghdad. Antibiotic sensitivity assay showed that All Proteus mirabilis recovered from UTI developed multidrug resistance and variable degree of resistance. Histopathological changes in model treated with Proteus mirabilis DNA revealed congestion, inflammatory cells infiltration, oedema, hemorrhagic exudates as well as necrotic cells. Furthermore, articular joints damage has been noticed with articular tissue in ligament and lining epithelium. In addition, an aggregation of lymphocyte was observed as well. While rats treated with Candida albicans DNA depict a congestion and a mild infiltration of inflammatory cells with oedema and augmented infiltration reaction inside the joint space. Serum Interleukine-6 (IL-6) levels peaked within 24 hours after injection of P. mirabilis DNA intraarticularly, while serum IL-6 levels did not increase in rats injected with C. albicans DNA and TE. The serum level of Anti-double strand antibody IgM (Anti-ds Ab) was assessed after 14 days and results revealed that Anti-ds Ab concentration was significantly higher (P< 0.01) in the animal model treated with Proteus mirabilis DNA than those treated with Candida albicans DNA. Total white blood cell count has been assessed, Animal model treated with 30μg/100 μl P. mirabilis DNA showed a significant (P< 0.05) increasing in total count of WBC, while there were insignificant differences between animals treated with 30μg/100 μl C. albicans and control animal.
The Self-Monitoring of Expert Sport Instructors

This study identified the major facets of professional practice monitored by expert teachers. Specifically the skills and knowledge expert sport instructors regularly scrutinized in order to improve their teaching and coaching were categorized and examined. Data were collected from 31 teachers listed by Golf Magazine as the Top 100 Golf Instructors in America. The teachers listed aspects of their teaching they regularly monitored in assessing their own strengths and weaknesses. Data were analyzed in three steps. First, responses were reviewed to identify the characteristics monitored by the teachers. Second, characteristics grouped under each theme were reviewed and clustered into representative categories. Third, all categories were reviewed to ensure every characteristic identified by the teachers was accounted for by theme or category, and that the investigators unanimously agreed to the coding of each characteristic From this process, five themes were constructed that represented the activities and qualities most often monitored by expert teachers: (a) skills (i.e., things teachers do), (b) knowledge base (i.e., things teachers know), (c) personal characteristics (i.e., things teachers are), (d) philosophy (i.e., things teachers believe), and (e) tools (i.e., things teachers use).
Relationships between Environmental Factors and Plant Communities in Enclosure Rangelands (Case study: Gonbad, Hamadan)

Exclusion and not using of rangeland in the long term affects the composition and homogeneity of vegetation and consequently leads to the improvement of plants status. In this study, the characteristics and structural changes of the rangeland of Gonbad, Hamadan province, Iran, in 2014 (after 20 years of enclosure) were evaluated using Braun-Blanquet plot, Phytosociology and multivariate analysis by the software PC-Ord5. According to clustering diagram and Indicator Species Analysis, it was found that the studied region had 10 vegetation types and 17 Indicator Species. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) showed that in the first axis the variables: stone and gravel percentage, Electrical Conductivity (EC), clay, and organic carbon were important and in the second axis canopy cover of grasses, total canopy cover, and pH were important. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed the relationship between plant communities and environmental factors in the enclosure region. It was found that there are correlations between the echo logical units and the factors: stone and gravel (0.25), clay (-0.26), sand (0.28), silt (0.38), slope (-0.36), total neutralizing value (0.34), and plant species indicators that resulted to the separation of the units. The results showed that in the long-term enclosure, plant communities tend towards a uniform and homogeneous composition and consequently led to the improvement of the rangeland vegetation conditions. Therefore the density, composition and the class I plant species have increased.
EVALUATION OF IRAQI COASTS USING LITTORAL AND MARINE BIVALVE SHELLS

The geochemical analysis of both of Crassostrea cucullata and Chione californensis shells and hydrochemical analyses of water are carried out to study the environmental evaluation in the Iraqi coasts. Shells and water are collected during low tide period (March to August 2011), from seven different stations (Fadakia, Rass AlBishah, Khor Abdullah, Khor Shytianah, Hacham Island, Khor AlZubair and Shatt AlBasrah). The hydrochemical analyses reflect two zones of water salinity, Fadakia and Shatt AlBasrah of brackish water with TDS range (15148 – 18130 ppm), and the other marine coastal sites of saline water with TDS range (34123 – 45220 ppm). XRD of shells of Chione californensis reveals that they have two layers, an inner layer constitutes of aragonite and outer layer constitutes of calcite, while the shells of Crassostrea cucullata have only calcite layer. Water salinity increasing associate with increase of major chemical constituents of oyster shells. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca values in the coastal line Crassostrea cucullata shells are higher than Fadakia and Shatt AlBasrah shells that may be due to increment of salinity in the coastal line compared with Fadakia and Shatt AlBasrah areas. Zn, Cu, Pb, Sr, and Cr metals in Khor Shytianah Crassostrea cucullata are higher than the other areas may attribute to higher contamination in this area. The chemical constituents of CaO%, MgO, Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca in Khor Shytianah and Hacham Island Chione californensis shells are higher than Khor Abdullan shells, this result may be indicator to higher salinity of sea water in Khor Shytianah and Hacham Island compare with the sea water of Khor Abdullah. Heavy metals (Co, Ni, Rb, Sr, Zn, Ba, Cr, Th, Mo, and Pb) in Khor Shytianah Chione californensis shells were more than the other shells may be due to high range of contamination of sea water by this metal.