Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of self-perceived, subjective attributes on investment behavior

This doctoral thesis aims to contribute to investment behavior research by giving new information on the causes which generate differences in investment behavior. As causes to differences in behavior we focus on the influence of investors’ self-perceived attitudes, evaluations and judgments. We refer to these investor characteristics as subjective attributes. We also test the power of demographic and socio-economic characteristics as causes of differences in investment behavior and refer to these as objective attributes. We approach investment behavior from three dimensions and construct empirical research around each dimension. We find the predictive power of subjective attributes to be strong, which makes it important to take them into account when modeling investment behavior. Our data is collected from two different databases in which subjective and objective attributes are connected with actual investment behavior, i.e. investors’ actual wealth levels and allocations. This is rare because only seldom can researchers link subjective attributes with actual behavior. Our main contributions are the following: 1) Investor-specific risk-standing ability and other subjective attributes have a tight link with investor’s actual risk-standing ability and portfolio choice. This confirms the meaning and importance of European Union regulations which require financial institutions to clarify these issues and in that way betters investor protection. 2) Subjective investor attributes as measures of financial sophistication can be visible as a propensity to withdraw from the stock market during severe market crises. We state that, in addition to its very positive effects, financial sophistication may induce the investor to make mistakes like total withdrawal from the stock market, realization of shortterm losses, or exposure to timing problems of stock portfolio rebuilding. 3) Simple questions asked as claims work better as measures of overconfidence than more commonly used calibration-based techniques. Several measures of overconfidence explain trading activity. Trust in one’s own market timing abilities shows as narrower diversification. Our thesis has implications for regulation, financial institutions, financial literacy education and investors themselves.
Knowledge codifiability, resources, and science-based innovation

Industry descriptions often depict science‐driven industries as a single industry class, dominated by explicit knowledge in the form of patents, blueprints, diagrams, etc. This one‐dimensional view limits our ability to effectively manage the activities and routines across various stages of a science life cycle. The life cycle concept refers to the extent of development of the underlying scientific knowledge base. The knowledge in developed science fields (e.g. chemicals) is well codified, whereas in developing fields (e.g. biotechnology), it is less so. This variance creates interesting implications for innovation – product development routines will differ across developed and developing sciences. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the knowledge‐ and resource‐based requirements of developed and developing science industries and the link to competitive advantage.
VISUAL EVOKED CORTICAL POTENTIALS FOR SINGLE FLASHES AND FLICKERING LIGHT IN MIGRAINE

This report is based on research results published as a part of the author's doctoral thesis in medicine, University of Turku. A preliminary report was read before The Second Annual Meeting of the Scandinavian Migraine Society, Uppsala, Sweden, October 31, 1970, and a summary of the present report was given at the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Scandinavian Migraine Society, Helsinki, Finland, October 14, 1972.
Processing Speed, Inhibitory Control, and Working Memory: Three Important Factors to Account for Age-Related Cognitive Decline

Processing speed, inhibitory control and working memory have been identified as the main possible culprits of age-related cognitive decline. This article describes a study of their interrelationships and dependence on age, including exploration of whether any of them mediates between age and the others. We carried out a LISREL analysis of the performance of 79 participants of low educational level aged 40–91 years in six cognitive tasks. In the best mediational model the effects of age on inhibitory control and working memory are largely mediated by its effect on processing speed. However, in the best-fitting model age has only direct effects on processing speed, working memory, and inhibitory control.
Mining Marketing Meaning from Online Chatter: Strategic Brand Analysis of Big Data Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Online chatter, or user-generated content, constitutes an excellent emerging source for marketers to mine meaning at a high temporal frequency. This article posits that this meaning consists of extracting the key latent dimensions of consumer satisfaction with quality and ascertaining the valence, labels, validity, importance, dynamics, and heterogeneity of those dimensions. The authors propose a unified framework for this purpose using unsupervised latent Dirichlet allocation. The sample of user-generated content consists of rich data on product reviews across 15 firms in five markets over four years. The results suggest that a few dimensions with good face validity and external validity are enough to capture quality. Dynamic analysis enables marketers to track dimensions’ importance over time and allows for dynamic mapping of competitive brand positions on those dimensions over time. For vertically differentiated markets (e.g., mobile phones, computers), objective dimensions dominate and are similar across markets, heterogeneity is low across dimensions, and stability is high over time. For horizontally differentiated markets (e.g., shoes, toys), subjective dimensions dominate but vary across markets, heterogeneity is high across dimensions, and stability is low over time.
Daytime hypercapnia in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in France, before initiating nocturnal nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy.

CONTEXT Daytime hypercapnia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has a highly variable prevalence in the published studies, and is usually thought to be the consequence of an associated disease, COPD, or severe obesity. STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of daytime hypercapnia in a very large population of adult patients with OSAS, free of associated COPD, and with a wide range of body mass index (BMI), and to evaluate the relationship between daytime hypercapnia and the severity of obesity and obesity-related impairment in lung function. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. METHODS The database of the observatory of a national nonprofit network for home treatment of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency (Association Nationale pour le Traitement a Domicile de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire Chronique) was used. Collected data at treatment initiation were age, apnea-hypopnea index, BMI, FEV(1), vital capacity (VC), and arterial blood gases. The study included 1,141 adult patients with OSAS treated in France with nocturnal nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), FEV(1) >/= 80% predicted, FEV(1)/VC >/= 70%, and absence of restrictive respiratory disease other than related to obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of daytime hypercapnia (Paco(2) >/= 45 mm Hg) before initiating CPAP therapy was 11% in the whole study population. The prevalence of daytime hypercapnia was 7.2% (27 of 377 patients) with BMI < 30, 9.8% (58 of 590 patients) with BMI from 30 to 40, and 23.6% (41 of 174 patients) with BMI > 40. Patients with daytime hypercapnia had significantly higher BMI values and significantly lower VC, FEV(1), and Pao(2) values than the normocapnic patients. Stepwise multiple regression showed that Pao(2), BMI, and either VC or FEV(1) were the best predictors of hypercapnia, but these variables explained only 9% of the variance in Paco(2) levels. CONCLUSION Daytime hypercapnia was observed in > 1 of 10 patients with OSAS needing CPAP therapy and free of COPD, and was related to the severity of obesity and obesity-related impairment in lung function. However, other mechanisms than obesity are probably involved in the pathogenesis of daytime hypercapnia in OSAS.
A GOLGI STUDY OF CEREBELLAR ATROPHY IN HUMAN CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM

When processed by the rapid Golgi method, a significant reduction (P < 0402) of the dendritic arborization of Purkinje cells located at the tips of the folia of the rostral vermis was demonstrated in four human cases of cerebellar atrophy, related to chronic alcohol consumption. Except for isolated damaged Purkinje cells located on the depth of the sulci of the rostral vermis in all but one case, no significant differences were observed between alcoholic cases and controls of comparable ages among Purkinje cells located in the remainder of the vermis or the cerebellar hemispheres. These results suggest that structural changes, which precede neuronal death and cell loss, are present in Purkinje cells of the rostral vermis in human cerebellar alcoholic degeneration.
Photons, Clocks, and Consciousness

Light profoundly impacts human consciousness through the stimulation of the visual system and powerfully regulates the human circadian system, which, in turn, has a broad regulatory impact on virtually all tissues in the body. For more than 25 years, the techniques of action spectroscopy have yielded insights into the wavelength sensitivity of circadian input in humans and other mammalian species. The seminal discovery of melanopsin, the photopigmentin intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, has provided a significant turning point for understanding human circadian phototransduction. Action spectra in humans show that the peak wavelength sensitivity for this newly discovered sensory system is within the blue portion of the spectrum. This is fundamentally different from the three-cone photopic visual system, as well as the individual rod and cone photoreceptor peaks. Studies on rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans indicate that despite having a different wavelength fingerprint, these classic visual photoreceptors still provide an element of input to the circadian system. These findings open the door to innovations in light therapy for circadian and affective disorders, as well as possible architectural light applications.
Genetic variation for glutenin and gliadins associated with quality in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum) landraces from Spain.

The allelic variation at seven prolamin loci involved in quality has been studied in a set of durum wheat landraces from all the Spanish regions where this crop has been traditionally cultivated. The genetic variability was higher than that found in other germplasm collections. All the loci, except Glu-B2, displayed a genetic variability higher than 0.62, with Glu-3 the most polymorphic. In total, five alleles were studied at Glu-A1, nine at Glu-B1, 15 at Glu-A3, 18 at Glu-B3, two at Glu- B2, and eight at Gli-A1 and Gli-B1. New allelic variants not previously identified in durum wheat were detected. The 30 different genotypes of B low-molecular-weight (B-LMW) glutenin subunits analysed, of which 25 are novel, provide an important source of genetic variability for quality breeding. Protein patterns for convars. durum and turgidum, and for the North and South of Spain were identified for the loci with significant influence on quality. Higher variability was observed in convar. turgidum and in the North zone than in convar. durum and the South, respectively, mainly for the Glu-B1 and Glu-B3. Also, convar. turgidum appeared to be a valuable source for new alleles for the LMW glutenin subunits. Wheats from the South were, however, more diverse for prolamins encoded at Glu-A3 - Se ha estudiado la variacion alelica en siete loci de prolaminas relacionados con la calidad en un grupo de variedades locales de trigo duro procedentes de todas las provincias espanolas donde se cultivaba tradicionalmente. La variabilidad genetica encontrada fue mayor que la observada en otras colecciones de germoplasma. Todos los loci, excepto el Glu-B2, mostraron una variabilidad genetica mayor que 0,62, siendo los Glu-3 los mas polimorficos. En total se estudiaron cinco alelos en el Glu-A1, nueve en el Glu-B1, 15 en el Glu-A3, 18 en el Glu-B3, dos en el Glu-B2 y ocho en el Gli-A1 y Gli- B1. Se han detectado variantes alelicas nuevas que no se habian identificado antes. Los 30 genotipos diferentes analizados de subunidades B de gluteninas de bajo peso molecular (B-LMW), de los cuales 25 son nuevos, representan una fuente importante de variabilidad genetica para la mejora de la calidad. Se identificaron patrones de proteinas para las convars. durum y turgidum, y para el norte y sur de Espana para los loci con influencia significativa en calidad. En la convar. turgidum y en el norte se observo mayor variabilidad que en la convar. durum y en el sur, respectivamente, principalmente en el Glu-B1 y Glu-B3. Ademas, la convar. turgidum parece ser una fuente valiosa de nuevos alelos para las subunidades LMW de gluteninas. Sin embargo, los trigos del sur son mas diversos para las prolaminas codificadas en el Glu-A3.
Thrombolytic Therapy in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

The effectiveness and relative safety of thrombolytic therapy has been demonstrated in several prospective controlled trials (1-7) in adult patients for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), massive pulmonary embolism (PE) and some arterial and venous thrombi. Thrombolytic therapy is also used in the treatment of children with some thromboembolic complications (8-10). Because of the relatively infrequent use of thrombolytic agents in this age group, treatment protocols are directly extrapolated from adult guidelines. However, this approach is likely not optimal for the following reasons: there is evidence that fibrinolysis is highly age-dependent and may be relative­ ly down-regulated in children compared to the adult (11, 12); the in vitro response of the fibrinolytic system in newborns and many “sick” pediatric patients to thrombolytic agents is significantly impaired compared to adults due to low plasma concentrations of plasminogen (13-15); and the clinical disorders being treated with thrombolytic agents clearly differ in children from adults, as do the risk factors for haemorrhagic complications. Only through well-designed, randomized controlled trials can the optimal use of thrombolytic therapy be determined. Of necessity, such trials will need to be large, multi-centre studies and therefore expen­ sive. Prior to designing such trials, it is important to obtain as much information as possible on the use of current adult-derived protocols in children. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of the published literature from 1966 to 1995 assessing the use of systemic dose thrombolytic therapy for venous and arterial thrombotic disease in paediatric patients. Studies reporting the use of “low” dose thrombo­ lytic therapy to “unblock” indwelling catheters were not included in this analyses.
Preparation of chitosan/alginate/calcium complex microparticles loaded with lactoferrin and their efficacy on carrageenan-induced edema in rats

Background: Although lactoferrin (LF) possesses useful functions such as antitumor, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory acitivities, it is subject to gastric digestion, resulting in the reduction of efficacy. Therefore, it is important to develop a system delivering LF efficiently to intestinal mucosa or gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Method: Chitosan/alginate/calcium complex microparticles containing LF at a high loading were prepared using alginate, LF, and calcium chloride at the ratio of 6:3:8 (w/w). The release test was performed using Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Fifteenth Edition (JP15) first fluid (pH 1.2) for initial 2 hours, followed by JP15 second fluid (pH 6.8) for another 5 hours. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy was evaluated from anti-inflammatory effect using rats with carrageenan-induced edema, in which dosing was performed intragastrically at 50 mg LF eq./kg 5, 3, and 1 days before carrageenan injection. Results: Microparticles have 20 – 30 % (w/w) LF content and 1 – 3 mm size. Nearly 60 % of LF was released at pH 1.2 at the first 1 hour, and then slowly released up to 80 % at 7 hours. Suppressive effect against the edema was greater in the order of microparticles LF solution control (saline). Initial burst of LF from microparticles was not associated with their promoted efficacy. Conclusion: Chitosan/alginate/calcium complex microparticles are suggested to be useful for promotion of efficacy of LF at oral administration
gp140v-fms molecules expressed at the surface of cells transformed by the McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus are phosphorylated in tyrosine and serine

Cells transformed by the McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus express at their surface a v-fms-specific transmembrane glycoprotein designated gp140v-fms. By labeling with 32Pi, gp140v-fms was shown to be phosphorylated 30-fold more in serine residues than were the cytosolic v-fms polypeptides gp180gag-fms and gp120v-fms. By using the phosphotyrosine phosphatase-specific inhibitor sodium orthovanadate, an additional tyrosine phosphorylation was observed in vivo, again involving predominantly gp140v-fms. In vitro studies showed that the v-fms proteins were phosphorylated by protein kinase C in a calcium- and phosphatidylserine-dependent manner.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and vitamin D status and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Moroccans patients

Introduction. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is recognized as candidate gene for susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and T2DM in Moroccans patients. Materials and Methods. 176 clinically diagnosed T2DM patients and 177 healthy controls from the Moroccans population were recruited. BsmI(rs1544410), FokI(rs10735810) and ApaI (rs7975232) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) of the VDR gene were determined using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A Vitamin D level was determined using ELISA. Results. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is significantly higher in patients with T2DM than in the control subjects. There was a strong association between fok1 polymorphisms with T2DM (OR = 0,35, 95% CI = 0.14– 0.83, P = 0.018), while the VDR BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms are not. The Fok1 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (all P values <0.05). We found significantly elevated systolic blood pressure (P = 0.042) in association with Apa1. Conclusions. Our study indicated that vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in Moroccans patients with T2DM, and each variants in VDR polymorphism may be associated with different mechanisms that enhance the plasma lipid profil and the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the allele FokI f appears to have protective effect against diabetes.
Clinical and bacteriological study of nosocomial infections due to Enterobacter aerogenes resistant to imipenem

Enterobacter aerogenes strains resistant to imipenem were isolated in 10 patients, 7 of whom had received imipenem-cilastatin. The strains were differentiated by biotype, antibiotype, and plasmid content. All of the strains overproduced a chromosomal cephalosporinase and lost a major outer membrane protein with a size of about 40 kDa. In 5 of the 10 patients, E. aerogenes strains resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporin were isolated during the same stay. In three patients, the similarity between the imipenem-susceptible and -resistant strains suggests the occurrence of mutation and reversion in vivo. The combination imipenem-cilastatin has been critically important for use with multiresistant strains of Enterobacter spp. , but its use increases the risk of selection of imipenem-resistant strains.
Effects of personality on self-rated health in a 1-year randomized controlled trial of chronic illness self-management.

OBJECTIVE Personality factors moderate self-efficacy enhancing effects of some illness self-management interventions, but their influence on self-rated health is unclear. This study examined whether high neuroticism and low conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness (the distressed personality profile) moderated the effects of the homing in on health (HIOH) illness self-management intervention on mental and physical health status. DESIGN Analysis of data from 384 subjects completing a randomized controlled trial of HIOH. METHODS Regression analyses examined effects of NEO-five factor inventory scores on SF-36 mental component summary (MCS-36) and physical component summary (PCS-36) scores (baseline; 2, 4, and 6 weeks; 6 months; 1 year), adjusting for age, gender, and study group. RESULTS Baseline MCS-36 scores were worse in those with the distressed personality profile relative to others: high neuroticism (13.3 points worse, 95% confidence interval (CI)=11.0, 15.7) and low conscientiousness (6.6 points worse, 95% CI=4.1, 9.2), extraversion (10.1 points worse, 95% CI=7.7, 12.5) and agreeableness (4.2 points worse, 95% CI=1.6, 6.8). Intervention subjects had better MCS-36 scores at 4 and 6 weeks, and benefits were confined to participants with low conscientiousness (4 weeks - 3.7 points better, 95% CI=0.2, 71; 6 weeks - 5.0 points better, 95% CI=1.57, 8.4). There were no intervention or personality effects on PCS-36 scores. CONCLUSIONS Chronically ill self-management intervention recipients with the distressed personality profile had worse self-rated mental health, and conscientiousness moderated the short-term effects of the intervention on self-rated mental health. Measuring personality may help identify individuals more likely to benefit from self-management interventions.
The role of Facebook in romantic relationship development

This study examines the implications of social networking web sites (SNSs) within romantic relationships. Specifically, Knapp’s (1978) stage model of relationships is examined through a new lens wherein the role of SNSs, specifically Facebook, is explored in the escalation stages of romantic relationships (i.e., initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, and bonding). Furthermore, this study sought to discern the interpersonal and social implications of publicly declaring oneself as “In a Relationship” with another person on Facebook (i.e., going “Facebook official” or “FBO”). Ten mixed-sex focus groups were conducted. Analysis revealed that Facebook is one of the primary means of uncertainty reduction in the initial stages of relationship formation. College students consider FBO to be indicative of an increased level of commitment in relationships. Typically, relationship exclusivity precedes a discussion on becoming FBO, which occurs when the relationship is considered stable. Going FBO has implications for the public proclamation of one’s relationship status as described in Knapp’s model, and these results differ for men and women. Theoretical implications for the role of SNSs in romantic relationships are discussed.