Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The star formation rate at redshift one: Hα spectroscopy with CIRPASS

We have conducted an Ha survey of 38 0.77 ≤ z ≤ 1 galaxies over ∼100 arcmin 2 of the Hubble Deep Field-North and Flanking Fields, to determine star formation rates (SFRs), with the near-IR multi-object spectrograph Cambridge Infrared Panoramic Survey Spectrograph (CIRPASS) on the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). This represents the first successful application of this technique to observing high-redshift galaxies. Stacking the spectra in the rest frame to infer a total SFR for the field, we find a lower limit (uncorrected for dust reddening) on the SFR density at redshift z = 1 of 0.04 M ⊙ yr -1 Mpc -3 . This implies rapid evolution in the SFR density from z = 0 to 1 which is proportional to (1 + z) 3.1 .
The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein synthesis in the rat

1. The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein metabolism of the liver, kidneys, testes and spleen of the young rat were studied. The investigations were carried out in two phases: before food consumption and growth were affected, and afterwards. 2. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was markedly affected by differences of less than a week in the age of the rats. 3. Zn deficiency significantly reduced the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of liver, kidneys and spleen before growth and food consumption were affected. The degree of inhibition was of the order of 50% in the first 5 d. A similar but non-significant trend was observed for the testes. 4. The incorporation of [3C]lysine into protein was not significantly affected in liver and testes during the initial period of Zn deficiency; the incorporation into kidneys and spleen was significantly inhibited but the magnitude of the effect was only of the order of 20% in 5d. 5. One week after the start of the second phase, the concentration of DNA in liver, testes, and spleen of Zn-deficient animals was not significantly different from that in pair-fed controls. The DNA content of the kidneys was significantly reduced by the deficiency hut only to 97% of that in pair-fed animalsgiven the Zn-supplcmenteddiet. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was not significantly different between deficient and control groups in any of the four organs investigated.
Effect of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract on some haematological indices in Wistar rats.

The use of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in the treatment of virtually all ailments calls for further research to support the claim for its ability to boost blood. Thirty six albino rats of the Wistar strain weighing 200-230g were sorted into groups according to their weights and sex. The animals were divided into two groups, male and female. Three (3) test groups (1%, 5%, and 10% w/w) for the males containing five (5) animals each and a control group, for the females, three (3) test groups (1%, 5%, and 10% w/w) and control group with four (4) animals each. The result of haematological indices in female Wistar rats administered aqueous extract of M. oleifera shows that Hb count generally increased significantly in all the groups compared with their control group. Similarly, PCV and WBC generally increased in all the groups, this increase was significant for WBC in all the groups. RBC values showed a non-significant (p>0.05) value at 1% treated group but a significant increases (p 0.05) increase Hb count in the 5% treated group. Generally, PCV count shows a dose dependent increase with 10% having the highest PCV count when compared with the control. Similarly, the WBC count also shows a dose dependent increase when compared with the control. RBC count showed a general decrease in all the exposed groups compared with their relative control. In conclusion, M. oleifera may increase PCV, HB and RBC counts, its use must be well regulated because of the fact that it increases WBC count, a possible toxicological response. Key words : haematology, Moringa oleifera , toxicological response, haemoglobin,
Understanding Mechanisms of Resilience Economy- Live Application on a Complex Business Model

"Resilience" as a concept has been re-discovered by many researchers from different disciplines in the last few years as it answers the demands for sustainable dynamical systems and way thinking that need to be addressed to rehabilitate different problems in our world today. This paper reviews the concept of resilience in order to develop from it a proposed mechanism for tackling problems and techniques that would lead to inspiration of the business model of any organization or society. An application of the proposed mechanism is implemented on the Water Supply Service loss and leakages as a challenging problem that is faced usually by most of the water utility and authority companies all over the world, but with varying magnitude, is reviewed. Being a complex business model, going through different challenges in many developed and developing countries, resilience mechanism is applied to identify how to improve the capacity of the system and make it more resilient without increasing its expenditure or affecting it supply stability. The study goes to see how the mechanism of resilience economy, adopted from the literature reviewed, could help to contribute to our understanding of the evolution of such system mechanism if we really to adopt a resilient mindset.
Self‐compiling compilers: An appraisal of their implementation and portability

Self‐compiling compilers are compilers written in the programming language they are made to compile. They constitute a very interesting case of portable programs, and are rapidly gaining in popularity. This paper is an attempt to classify and evaluate the different methods which have been used for writing and transporting such compilers, according to numerous and various criteria. The potential implementor is then given an idea of the important factors to be considered when selecting one of the many implementation methods available. The study is centred around a specific case, the programming language Pascal and its many compilers.
Elgot theories: a new perspective on the equational properties of iteration

Bloom and Ésik's concept of iteration theory summarises all equational properties that iteration has in common applications, for example, in domain theory, where to every system of recursive equations, the least solution is assigned. This paper shows that in the coalgebraic approach to iteration, the more appropriate concept is that of a functorial iteration theory (called Elgot theory). These theories have a particularly simple axiomatisation, and all well-known examples of iteration theories are functorial. Elgot theories are proved to be monadic over the category of sets in context (or, more generally, the category of finitary endofunctors of a locally finitely presentable category). This demonstrates that functoriality is an equational property from the perspective of sets in context. In contrast, Bloom and Ésik worked in the base category of signatures rather than sets in context, and there iteration theories are monadic but Elgot theories are not. This explains why functoriality was not included in the definition of iteration theories.
Validation and nephrotoxicity of a simplified once-daily aminoglycoside dosing schedule and guidelines for monitoring therapy

There is no established dosing schedule for once-daily aminoglycoside dosing regimens, and accepted guidelines for monitoring therapy are lacking. We derived a simplified schedule from the Hull and Sarubbi (J. H. Hull and F. A. Sarubbi, Ann. Intern. Med. 85:183-189, 1976) nomogram, for which efficacy and safety in a once-daily dosing regimen were previously demonstrated, and prospectively followed serum aminoglycoside levels in patients. The standard treatment was gentamicin or tobramycin at 4 mg/kg of body weight given intravenously once daily. When the renal function was decreased, the daily dose was reduced, as follows: for an estimated creatinine clearance of between 50 and 80 ml/min, the daily dose was 3.25 mg/kg, for an estimated creatinine clearance of between 30 and 50 ml/min, the daily dose was 2.5 mg/kg, and for an estimated creatinine clearance of below 30 ml/min, the daily dose was 2 mg/kg. A total of 221 patients were studied (184 received gentamicin and 37 received tobramycin). First trough levels above 2 mg/liter were recorded in 11% of the patients, and they all had a baseline creatinine clearance below 50 ml/min, or a substantial decrease in clearance between enrollment and the day that the trough level was obtained. A peak level below 6 mg/liter was recorded in 6% of the patients, and half of them received the lowest daily dose. Twenty-five of the 179 evaluable patients (14%; 95% confidence interval, 9 to 19%) fulfilled the criteria for nephrotoxicity. In a multiple regression analysis, the duration of treatment and the use of other nephrotoxic antibiotics or high-dose furosemide, but not trough levels, were significant risk factors. Since the meaning of low peak levels is unclear and since most studies with multiple daily regimens confirm the lack of an association between trough levels and toxicity, we believe that monitoring of serum drug levels can be restricted to monitoring of trough levels in patients with a creatinine clearance below 50 ml/min or with a deteriorating renal function.
Building with Data: Architectural Models as Inspiration for Data Physicalization

In this paper we analyze the role of physical scale models in the architectural design process and apply insights from architecture for the creation and use of data physicalizations. Based on a survey of the architecture literature on model making and ten interviews with practicing architects, we describe the role of physical models as a tool for exploration and communication. From these observations, we identify trends in the use of physical models in architecture, which have the potential to inform the design of data physicalizations. We identify four functions of architectural modeling that can be directly adapted for use in the process of building rich data models. Finally, we discuss how the visualization community can apply observations from architecture to the design of new data physicalizations.
Yersinia pestis LcrV forms a stable complex with LcrG and may have a secretion-related regulatory role in the low-Ca2+ response

Yersinia pestis contains a virulence plasmid, pCD1, that encodes many virulence-associated traits, such as the Yops (Yersinia outer proteins) and the bifunctional LcrV, which has both regulatory and antihost functions. In addition to LcrV and the Yops, pCD1 encodes a type III secretion system that is responsible for Yop and LcrV secretion. The Yop-LcrV secretion mechanism is believed to regulate transcription of lcrV and yop operons indirectly by controlling the intracellular concentration of a secreted repressor. The activity of the secretion mechanism and consequently the expression of LcrV and Yops are negatively regulated in response to environmental conditions such as Ca2+ concentration by LcrE and, additionally, by LcrG, both of which have been proposed to block the secretion mechanism. This block is removed by the absence of Ca2+ or by contact with eukaryotic cells, and some Yops are then translocated into the cells. Regulation of LcrV and Yop expression also is positively affected by LcrV. Previously, LcrG was shown to be secreted from bacterial cells when the growth medium lacks added Ca2+, although most of the LcrG remains cell associated. In the present study, we showed that the cell-associated LcrG is cytoplasmically localized. We demonstrated that LcrG interacts with LcrV to form a heterodimeric complex by using chemical cross-linking and copurification of LcrG and LcrV. Additionally, we found that small amounts of LcrV and YopE can be detected in periplasmic fractions isolated by cold osmotic shock and spheroplast formation, indicating that their secretion pathway is accessible to the periplasm or to these procedures for obtaining periplasmic fractions. We propose that the cytoplasmically localized LcrG blocks the Yop secretion apparatus from the cytoplasmic side and that LcrV is required to remove the LcrG secretion block to yield full induction of Yop and LcrV secretion and expression.
Jokes in the store and its effects on customer satisfaction

Abstract This study assesses the impact of employee use of jokes embedded in face-to-face conversations with customers. Our main finding – derived from experiments in which employee use of jokes was manipulated – was that jokes reduced customer satisfaction. This reduction occurred regardless if jokes were related or unrelated to the employee’s overall message. Our results also indicate that the use of jokes had a negative impact on perceived message relevance, and that perceived relevance mediated the link between employee use of jokes and customer satisfaction. In addition, our results show that no joke usage vs. joke usage did not produce different emotional responses. This suggests that the impact of jokes on affect is attenuated when jokes are embedded in conversational content.
Revisiting the Determinants of Child Anthropometric Indicators in India Using Seemingly Unrelated Regressions Model

This study uses the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) data to estimate Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model for height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) to understand how the determinants of intergenerational transmission, feeding and care practices, and the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) vary in their impact when these commonly used measures of child nutritional status are considered together in a systems framework. As expected mother’s height, BMI and anaemia levels are all highly important in explaining the variations with large impact of height on HAZ, of BMI on WAZ and of anaemia on WHZ. Initiation of breastfeeding within an hour of child’s birth, exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months and inclusion of protein rich diets for the older children has a large impact on HAZ, and so does access of daily food supplements from the ICDS by rural children. Other predictors such as wealth status, safe water access, sanitation and use of clean cooking fuel by the households are found to be strongly associated with all the indicators. The results from this study strengthen the evidence that though multiple determinants play a role in a child’s growth, the key factors are in the mother to child transmission and in quality of early child care of feeding habits and preventive and curative health care practices.
The Choice of Open Pension Fund made by Citizens of Poland in the Years 2003-2009: The Analysis of the Criteria

Membership in open pension funds (OPFs) is mandatory for the citizens of Poland. People make two major decisions related to OPFs: concerning the initial choice of pension funds at the start of their professional career and, eventually, concerning the possibility of changing their pension fund. The aim of the paper is to analyze these decisions and the relation between such decisions and the returns, assets and advertising costs of pension funds. The effects of pension funds members behavior on the pension system are also considered in the conclusion.
Family Business Identity and Corporate Governance Attributes: Evidence on Family-Owned Enterprises in the UAE

Over the past decades, the empirical evidence on the intersection of family businesses and corporate governance has flourished significantly in the context of developed economies. Yet, little is known to date about the effectiveness of various governance mechanisms in family-owned enterprises operating in emerging markets. Due to the evolving nature of corporate governance frameworks in these markets, family business practitioners need to enhance their knowledge about governance arrangements that may lead to superior performance outcomes. Our aim is to contribute to the literature and assist practitioners by exploring the relationship between family business identity and corporate governance attributes in family-run companies located in the UAE. Data related to organizational background, familial identification and governance devices were gathered from secondary sources for a sample of 195 UAE-based family firms. Based on quantitative data analyses, we uncover the prevailing characteristics of family businesses in the UAE and identify how the familial identification of its members is associated with structural attributes of board of directors and top management team (e.g., size, family relatedness, gender and cultural diversity). The concluding section discusses the contributions of our study and delineates priorities for future research in the field.
Global value chain development report 2017 : measuring and analyzing the impact of GVCs on economic development

Global value chains (GVCs) break up the production process so at different steps can be carried out in different countries. Today’s official statistical information systems, designed to measure economic activity in a pre-GVC world, have struggled to keep pace with these changes. Conventional measures of trade, important though they remain, measure the gross value of transactions between partners and so are not able to reveal how foreign producers, upstream in the value chain, are connected to final consumers at the end of the value chain. The importance of the GVC phenomenon has stimulated researchers to develop statistics and analysis based on the value added in trade. The GVC phenomenon also demands that researchers analyze the discrete tasks or phases in the production process. This first GVC development report draws on the expanding research that uses data on the value added in trade. Its main objective is to reveal the changing nature of international trade that can be seen only by analyzing it in terms of value added and value chains. This report highlights how shifting the analysis to value added radically changes the picture.
A narrative review of intra-articular corticosteroid injections for low back pain.

OBJECTIVE To summarize and to analyze the available literature on the efficacy of intra-articular injections of corticosteroids for low back pain. DESIGN Publications, in English, French, and German, were obtained that reported the proportions of patients who obtained complete relief of pain following intra-articular steroids, and that provided any form of follow-up. These publications were analyzed to determine the rationale, indications, and outcomes of the treatment. RESULTS The only rationale for intra-articular steroids appears to be the expectation that they should work. The most commonly used indication has been back pain, for which no specific diagnosis has been made. When the results of observational studies are pooled, they paint a picture of impressive immediate responses, but a rapid decay of outcomes by three and six months. Initial responses, however, are dissonant with the literature from controlled studies of the prevalence of lumbar zygapophysial joint pain. Moreover, controlled trials have shown that there is no attributable effect to the injection of steroids. CONCLUSION The apparent efficacy of lumbar intra-articular steroids is no greater than that of a sham injection. There is no justification for the continued use of this intervention. Better outcomes can be achieved with deliberate placebo therapy.
INTENSE SELECTION OF MITE CLONES IN A HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT

Genetic diversity within obligatorily parthenogenic species can be high, contrary to common views of the evolutionary consequences of this reproductive system. How this clonal diversity is maintained within populations is not clearly understood. Previous studies showing high clonal diversity have used parthenogenic organisms with known sexual forms or relatives. Here we report significant spatial and temporal clonal diversity within two populations of an obligatorily parthenogenic mite, Penthaleus major, which has no known sexual form or close sexual relative. Fitness estimates from temporal sampling at two sites and manipulated field plots reveal intense natural selection acting on ecologically different clones. We propose that environmental heterogeneity contributes to the maintenance of clonal diversity within populations of P. major and that selection is strong enough to overcome the problems of relative niche size.
Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect Attitudinal Loyalty? Evidence from Fast Food Chains in Cairo

There is a scarcity of research on Corporate Social Responsibility CSR influence on customer responses in the context of Egyptian market; this rarity involves the area of tourism and hospitality sector. Customer responses indicate to customer outcomes towards the firm such as customer satisfaction, trust, commitment and customer loyalty. This research aims to explore the impact of perceived CSR on customer attitudinal intentions in fast food chains in Cairo which adopt CSR initiatives. To accomplish the research aim, secondary data was gathered from CSR relevant literature, while primary data was collected through empirical study conducted by questionnaire survey strategy on random sample of fast food customers in Cairo. To analyze the collected data chi-square (x²) test was used in order to investigate the impact of every dimension of CSR on attitudinal intentions, and Pearson correlation coefficient (R) was used to assess the direction and strength of the associations among study variables. The results revealed that fast food customers' perceiving of undertaken CSR by chains is positively affecting attitudinal loyalty.
Investigating employee perceptions of leadership communication : a South African study

There has been extensive communication research conducted from a leader’s point of view regarding how leaders form an integral part in organisations but not a lot of research investigating leadership, and specifically leadership communication from the viewpoint of employees (i.e. specifically as followers). The purpose of the study is to investigate employee perceptions of leadership communication. This was firstly done by conducting a literature review on key aspects and secondly through a newly developed e-mail survey questionnaire conducted with employees of different South African business organisations. Quantitative data was collected from three hundred and seventeen (317) employees as participants and the raw data was analysed using statistical computer software.The findings of the study were reported through descriptive statistics and a factor analysis. The study revealed that South African employees perceive that leaders do not correctly utilise leadership communication and that leaders do not understand what it means to be a ‘communicating leader’. Organisations should therefore implement training and development programmes for all individuals within leadership positions which will develop communicating leaders that are aware of what they are lacking and where they can improve themselves within their organisational environments.