Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nobiletin Increased Cytotoxic Activity Of Doxorubicin On Mcf-7 Cells But Not On T47d Cells

Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid, shows strong cytotoxic effect in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this research was to investigate cytotoxic activities of nobiletin alone and in combination with doxorubicin. Cell viability assay of nobiletin, doxorubicin, and combination treatments were carried out by using MTT assay. Apoptosis assay was done using double staining method using Ethidium Bromide-Acridine Orange. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flowcytometry FACS-Calibur and data was analyzed by using ModFit LT 3.0 program. Nobiletin (5, 10 and 15 µM) increased cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin compared with doxorubicin alone in MCF-7 cells but not in T47D cells. The strongest cytotoxic activity was showed by the combination of 200 nM doxorubicin and 15 µM nobiletin in MCF-7 cells. Single treatment of doxorubicin 200 nM, nobiletin 15 µM and their combination induced G2/M accumulation in MCF-7 cells. Combination of 15 µM and nobiletin 200 nM doxorubicin showed strong synergism on apoptosis induction of MCF-7 cells. Single treatment of nobiletin 15 µM and doxorubicin 7.5 nM induced T47D cell accumulation in G1 phase and G2/M phase respectively, while their combination induced accumulation of T47D cells in G2/M phase. Nobiletin is potentially to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer, while molecular mechanism need to be explored. Keywords : Nobiletin, doxorubicin, breast cancer, cell cycle, apoptosis.
Effect of rhizosphere cooling on tomato crop performance under controlled environment structure

In-house temperature build-ups under controlled environment structures can result in media moisture stress, photosynthetic reduction and serious plant wilting in crops, which are all factors that affect crop development. Research had been undertaken to explore cooling the rhizosphere of the plants instead of cooling this structure. A water chilling system delivers predetermined chilled water at 25, 20 or 15 °C through piping was developed to chill the root zone of tomato. This system can be adapted into existing controlled environment structures and fertigation systems with minor amendments. Research studies conducted showed that controlled chilling of the rhizosphere of tomato significantly increased the vegetative growth and yield of tomato. Chilling enhanced the vegetative growth with 7.4% longer plant length, 8.8% bigger stem diameter and 3.6% longer internodes and 1 – 13% more root volume. Tomato raised in chilled root zone was also found to have 11.8% more fruit number, 21.6% more fruit weight per plant, 3.3% heavier fruit weight and 22.7% higher yield than conventional method. During postharvest storage at 25 °C, root zone cooling showed significant ( p <0.05) effect on lightness, chroma, firmness and total soluble solids but did not affect hue and weight loss. However, at 8 °C storage, root zone cooling showed significant ( p <0.05) effect on chroma and ascorbic acid but not on lightness, hue, firmness, weight loss and TSS.
YOUNG CHILDREN’S IDEAS ABOUT SNAIL INTERNAL ANATOMY

Drawings can serve as a useful tool for analyzing children’s understanding of scientific phenomena. This study examined children’s understandings about internal structure of the snail. Children from kindergarten at age 5 and from primary school of age 7 and 10, were asked to draw their concept about the internal structure of the snail. The results demonstrate the alternative conceptions held by the children. Analysis showed some significant differences in interpretation between both age groups and gender. Age related differences were in understanding of nervous, circulatory, muscle and digestive system, and such features as food, bones and mucus. Gender differences were not so significant at present studies. There were only few statistically significant observations concerning gender, that boys more often than girls consider mucus and other organisms (such as bacteria) as a part of snail internal structure. The girls drew more in the category food (7 years old) and bones (10 years old). The results also revealed ideas which made sense to the learner, but are not biologically accurate, such as organs located in the foot. Key words: alternative conceptions, drawings, invertebrates, mental models, snails.
Uso de feijão guandú (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) para adubação verde e manejo agroecológico de plantas espontâneas em reflorestamento no estado do Pará.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial do feijao guandu, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. , como adubo verde e no manejo integrado de plantas invasoras em area de reflorestamento no estado do Para. O experimento foi instalado no municipio de Vigia-PA, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e tres repeticoes.O feijao guandu foi semado nas entrelinhas de Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex. Ducke (parica) cultivado em espacamento 4 m x 4 m. Aos 30 e 90 dias apos a semeadura do guandu, foram avaliados dois tratamentos: plantio sem guandu (SG) e plantio com guandu (CG). Foram avaliados a producao de massa seca da parte aerea, concentracao de nutrientes do tecido vegetal das folhas do feijao guandu e o grau de infestacao, riqueza e diversidade das plantas invasoras. A producao media de massas verde e seca da parte aerea da especie avaliada foi de 16,1 t/ha e 11,5 t/ha, respectivamente. No que se refere a infestacao, diversidade e riqueza de plantas daninhas, os melhores resultados foram encontrados no tratamento com Cajanus cajan aos 90 dias apos a sua semeadura.
Reasoning about Language

In their article Language as Shaped by the Brain, Christiansen and Chater (henceforth CC in other words, general properties of human cognition. It is particularly in relation to the authors’ suggestions on the role of thought processes (pp. 34-35) where I wish to make my contribution. CC and (ii) thought precedes, and is independent of, linguistic communication. The statement towards which I shall take a critical stance concerns the mapping (assumed by C&C to be made available by language) of (mental representations of) thought into phonology. From (ii), it follows that this mapping may manifest properties inherent to the structure of thoughts that language serves to express (thus guaranteeing a functional motivation for these properties), such as adherence to compositionality or the manifestation of function-argument structures. However, the authors also claim this mapping to ”surely” be specific to communication, since, ”after all”, inferences ”presumably” target only the representations of thought rather than those of phonology or syntactic trees. I do not share this latter conviction. Although in such standard calculi as classical, intuitionistic and minimal sentential logic, inference is indeed modeled as a relation between sets of propositions, there exists a substantive amount of research on consequence relations over richer structures of formulae. In fact, even as far back as 1958, Lambek ([5]) already proposed a calculus of syntactic types, essentially a logic over strings, with binary-branching hierarchical structures considered in a follow-up article in 1961 ([6]). In light of these achievements, I will reason below that the thought-phonology mapping need not be so specific to communication as C&C claim it to be, arguing instead the influence of communication to be of a more subtle nature. In doing so, I will crucially not have to postulate the existence of any language-specific machinery within the brain: the general argument concerning the relation between language and the brain and the functional motivation of linguistic constraints is not touched upon (i.e., my claims cannot effectively be used to argue against this more general program initiated by
The Consequences of Information Revealed in Auctions

This paper considers the ramifications of post-auction competition on bidding behavior under different bid announcement policies. In equilibrium, players attempt to signal information to their post-auction competitors through their bids. Thus, an auctioneer can take advantage of these attempts by strategically selecting which bids to announce and which to conceal. Revenue and efficiency implications of various announcement policies are examined and used to explain the prevalence of certain auction procedures in the world today.
TANZANIA GRASS STRUCTURE GRAZED BY GOATS MANAGED WITH DIFFERENT RESIDUAL LEAF AREA INDEX UNDER INTERMITTENT STOCKING

The objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of Tanzania grassland grazed by goats managed with different residue leaf area index (RLAI) under intermittent stocking. The experiment was carried out from February to August, 2008. The treatments consisted of three different targets RLAI (0.8, 1.6 and 2.4) and 95% light interception (LI) criterion determined the rest period. Forage samples were collected at average height sampling points and weighed. Subsequently, a smaller sample was removed to separate the morphological components (leaf, stem and dead material) and to determine the structural and productive features. The canopy architecture was evaluated by the method of inclined point quadrat. The pre-grazing height in the paddocks were significantly different among treatments. RLAI influenced dry matter contents of green forage, leaf, stem and total, with the exception of dry matter of dead material, where the lowest values were observed for 0.8 RLAI. Thus, RLAI modifies canopy structure and is sensitive to canopy height changes throughout the year. Pasture regrowth is not compromised by residual leaf area indexes between 0.8 and 2.4, when climatic factors are not limiting.
Coping with employment issues through commuting: Evidence from Central Russia

Abstract Commuting to work has become a widespread practice over the last several decades. Some relatively strong employment issues in rural Russian municipalities, as well as a significant wage gap between them and the major cities, fosters daily commuting as well as commuting with long periods of time spent at employment locations, known in Russia as otkhodnichestvo. Based on official statistical data and our own surveys conducted in Tula and Kostroma regions, we analysed the spatial differentiations between the share of commuters in the employed population of rural municipalities, as well as the variations in individual socio-economic characteristics between rural commuters and non-commuters, in general, and between the commuters themselves. Our analysis of the latter characteristics suggests that there is in fact more difference between the rural commuters and non-commuters in Russia than between daily commuters and those engaged in otkhodnichestvo, indicating similar motives and, perhaps, even personalities of commuters. Giving the identified differences, commuting on a larger scale does not seem to be a universal tool to cope with employment issues, as some population groups are more likely to engage in it than others.
EFFECT OF PSYCHOEDUCATION ON ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Background: Cardiovascular heart disease still remains high in Indonesia. Various interventions have been implemented as an effort to deal with cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about intervention to reduce anxiety in patients with cardiovascular disease although anxiety is related to angina attack in this patient. Psychoeducation is considered effective in decreasing anxiety. Objective: To examine the effect of psychoeducation in decreasing anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) at the General Hospital of Semarang. Methods: This was a quasy experimental design with pretest posttest control group design. The study was conducted in the inpatient wards of the General Hospital of Semarang on January 17 until March 8, 2017. Fifty-six respondents were recruited using consecutive sampling, with 28 assigned in the experiment and control group. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) was used to measure anxiety levels. Paired t-test and Independent t-test were used for data analysis. Results: Paired test showed that there was a statistically significant effect of psychoeducation on anxiety level in the experiment group with p-value 0.001 (<0.05), and significant effect of given a brochure of CHD on the anxiety level in the control group with p-value 0.001 (<0.05). Independent t-test showed a statistically significant difference of anxiety level after intervention in the experiment and control group with p-value 0.001 (<0.05). The mean anxiety level in the experiment group (22.46) was lower than the mean anxiety level in the control group (41.54). Conclusion: Psychoeducation is effective in reducing anxiety levels in patients with CHD. It is suggested that psychoeducation can be used as one of nursing intervention in an effort to reduce anxiety in patients with CHD.
Modelling of slope processes on karst

The present paper is concerned with the modelling of the karst slope processes. A simple straightforward one dimensional physical model is introduced in order to assess basic behaviour of the slope development. The model takes in account mass continuity of weathered material, the mechanical and chemical weathering of the bedrock. The paper focuses on the slope formation with respect to the ratios between different magnitudes of governing processes (mechanical and chemical weathering and mass movement). The introduced approach represents a first step in understanding slope processes and does not pose a realistic quantitative comparison with field measurements. However, the results gathered with the model show good qualitative agreement with the field observations. Three different representative cases are studied: dominant mechanical weathering case, balanced mechanical and chemical weathering case and dominant chemical weathering case.
CTED786893 134..149

Parent engagement plays an essential role in student achievement and well-being, but not all families are able to participate in their children’s education. This article focuses on strategies for reaching and supporting parents who face challenges to engagement such as poverty and cultural diversity. Five district-level parent engagement projects were qualitatively examined through observations, document analysis, and 47 interviews with program coordinators, educators, and parents. Coordinators conducted surveys and community visits to learn about families and their communities. All initiatives had district support, and used strategies to address poverty and/or cultural challenges. Some initiatives engaged parents in teaching and learning, and others provided parenting support and links to community services and organizations for families. Provincial education departments or ministries, universities and boards need to work with educators, providing human, material and financial resources to support inclusive initiatives that promote all families’ participation in their children’s education.
Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil

Abstract This contribution deals with the crystal chemistry of phlogopite and Fe3+-rich phlogo- pite from the Tapira alkaline-carbonatite complex (Brazil) to assess the petrological significance and genetic conditions of these rocks. The Tapira complex consists of a layered intrusion composed mainly of ultramafic rocks (dunite, wehrlite, clinopyroxenite, bebedourite, gamet-magnetitite, perovskite-magnetitite, and glimmerite) with subordinate car- bonatite. The wide range of textural, optical, and crystal-chemical characteristics of phlogopite is related to the variation of fO₂, aH₂O, and aCO₂ as well as magma bulk-chemical composition during fractional crystallization. Phlogopite from alkaline-silicate rocks (ranging from dunite to bebedourite) is characterized by fairly constant Al content, moderate [4]Fe3+ substitution, and variable amounts of Ti. The [4]Fe3+ substitution, accompanied by crystals showing reverse pleochroism, increases during fractional crystallization. These features correspond to crystallization at low pressure and high and aH₂O in the presence of moderate saturation in Ti-bearing phases, Al2O3 in the magma, or both. Phlogopite from silicate-carbonatite rocks, classified as ferriphlogopite on the basis of strong reverse pleochroism related to [4]Fe3+ tetrahedral substitution, also presents low to very low Al, Fe2+, and Ti contents. These features suggest very high fO₂, H2O, and CO2 conditions in the presence of strong saturation in Ti-bearing phases as well as very low Al2O3 content in the liquid. The crystal-structure refinements of Tapira phlogopite show that Fe3+ substitutes for Si in tetrahedral sites; Fe distribution is completely disordered, so the resulting space group is C2/m. The octahedral-site composition is similar to that of phlogopite, the octahedral sites being preferentially occupied by Mg. The presence of Fe3+ in the tetrahedral sheet enlarges the whole structure. This enlargement is reflected by an increase in cell-edge lengths and a decrease in β-angle values. The increase in distortion of the tetrahedral ring (a angle up to ~ 11°) is necessary for the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets to fit together.
Early Successional Stages of Reed Phragmites australis Vegetations and Its Importance for the Bearded Reedling Panurus biarmicus in Oostvaardersplassen, The Netherlands

A study on Bearded Reedling Panurus biarmicus feeding habits in combination with a sample-wise breeding bird survey of the marshland zones of the Dutch wetland Oostvaardersplassen shows clear-cut spatial differences in densities and habitat use. The more mature stands of Reed Phragmites australis constitute the main nesting area, while the more open, younger stands, particularly when inundated and grazed by moulting Greylag Geese, provide the main feeding areas. Arthropod, and especially Chironomid, densities were generally higher in grazed Reed stands and frequent feeding flights were carried out by parent birds between grazed and ungrazed parts of the area during chick raising. Chironomids also proved to constitute the main prey items brought to the nests. Apart from higher prey densities in grazed stands, better detectability as well as better accessibility of the lower vegetation layers are also likely to contribute to the habitat preference of insect-feeding Bearded Reedlings. When in winter the birds shift to Reed seeds, patches with higher seed index hold higher densities of feeding birds. When seed index drops below a certain level, density of birds is low and independent of seed index. The highest seed production is associated with rejuvenated Reed stands, recovering from previous grazing. Bearded Reedlings thus highly depend on the early successional stages of Reed stands. Temporal and spatial habitat diversification is mediated by changing water levels and rejuvenation caused by grazing geese. A number of other marshland bird species depend on this type of vegetation, and wetland management should therefore aim at favouring the natural processes governing Reed succession.
Broad Discourse Context for Language Modeling

Recurrent neural network language models (RNNLM) have become a key element for state-of-the-art language modeling and are integral parts in a wide range of applications such as speech recognition or information retrieval systems. However, recent work has shown that the extent to which these models truly understand language remains unclear. In particular, the LAMBADA dataset consists of a collection of hard word prediction examples specifically designed to test language models’ capabilities to keep track of information in the broader discourse. In this thesis we delve into the nature of LAMBADA and highlight the impact that rare words have on the overall results. We introduce our proposed model, the Softmax Mixture, and showcase through a series of experiments its ability to handle rare words when compared to vanilla RNNLMs. We further implement the Pointer Sentinel Mixture model and demonstrate that it achieves perplexities on par with the state-ofthe-art on LAMBADA while having superior adaptation capabilities.
Developing quantitative analytical techniques for investigating the visual character of dwellings

Residential development within heritage conservation areas is regulated by Development Control Plans (DCP) that provide guidelines about the shape and form that new houses, alterations and additions should take (DIPNR 2004). By understanding that the visual amenity of streets within a city plays an important role in creating a sense of place and community for its citizens (Lynch 1960) they attempt to sustain, through regulation, an urban pattern that has become valued by the community. This paper builds on an established interdisciplinary approach, utilising architectural knowledge and computer visualisation to evaluate the visual character of detached housing within a heritage conservation area. The visual environment is analysed using computer software developed to locate the visual boundaries within a view of a streetscape both as an elevation and aerial view. Analysing the visual properties of modern and traditional buildings can show where they share certain visual characteristics, providing a planning argument for why a contemporary building, for instance, can sustain the heritage value of a streetscape within a conservation area. Understanding the visual characteristics of the built environment within heritage conservation areas might allow new buildings to be proposed that are of a different style, but none the less retain the visual character of the area.
New Fossil Elaterids (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Elateridae) from the Jehol Biota in China

ABSTRACT Three new genera and six new species of fossil elaterids of the tribe Desmatini Dolin, 1975 from second Bed of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Huangbanjigou, Liaoning Province, China are described: Paradesmatus dilatatus sp. nov., Desmatinus cognatus gen. et sp. nov., Apoclion clavatus gen. et sp. nov., A. dolini gen. et sp. nov., A. antennatus gen. et sp. nov. and Anoixis complanus, gen. et sp. nov. This tribe demonstrates some characters similar to those in Throscidae and Eucnemidae, elucidating the evolutionary process of the Elateroidea. New materials make clear the distinctness of the genera related to Desmatus Dolin, 1975 (tribe Desmatini) from all other Elateridae. Tetraraphes ebersini Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961 could be regarded somewhat nearby the subfamily Protagrypninae; however, this species seems to be similar to some Cenozoic groups rather than any of Mesozoic groups.
Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Bovine Longissimus Dorsi and Biceps Femoris Muscles

Skeletal muscle contains slow and fast twitch fibers. These skeletal muscle fibers express type I and type II myosin, respectively, and these myosin isoenzymes have different ATPase activity. The aim of this study was to investigate protein profiles of bovine skeletal muscles by proteomic analysis. Fifty seven spots of distinct proteins were excised and characterized. The expression of sixteen spots was differed in longissimus dorsi muscle with a minimal 2-fold change compared to biceps femoris muscle. The majority of differentially expressed proteins belonged to metabolic regulation-related proteins such as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase and carbonic anhydrase 3. The real time-PCR assay confirmed an increase or induction of specific genes: RGS12TS isoform, GAPDH, triosephosphate isomerase and carbonic anhydrase. These results suggest that the expression of metabolic proteins is under a specific control system in different bovine skeletal muscle. These observations could have significant implications for understanding the physiological regulation of bovine skeletal muscles.