Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stock Price Booms and Expected Capital Gains1

The booms and busts in U.S. stock prices over the post-war period can to a large extent be explained by uctuations in investorssubjective capital gains expectations. As we show, survey measures of these expectations display excessive optimism at market peaks and excessive pessimism at market troughs. Using the framework of Internal Rationality of Adam and Marcet (2011), we incorporate subjective price beliefs into an otherwise standard asset pricing model with utility maximizing investors. We show how subjective belief dynamics can temporarily delink stock prices from their fundamental value and give rise to asset price booms that ultimately result in a price bust. The model quantitatively replicates (1) the volatility of stock prices and (2) the positive correlation between the price dividend ratio and expected returns observed in survey data. Models imposing objective or rationalprice expectations cannot simultaneously account for both facts. Our ndings imply that large parts of U.S. stock price uctuations are not due to standard fundamental forces, instead result from self-reinforcing belief dynamics triggered by these fundamentals. JEL Class. No.: G12, D84 Bull-markets are born on pessimism, grow on skepticism, mature on optimism and die on euphoria Sir John Templeton, Founder of Templeton Mutual Funds
Iniencephaly is not uniformly fatal

Iniencephaly is an uncommon, but not rare, lesion involving a fusion between the posterior occipital bone and the cervical spine. Many cases are associated with other cranio‐cervical abnormalities and anencephaly, and most are associated with other structural abnormalities. The prognosis is thought to be dismal. We describe a male infant, one of twins, who was diagnosed prenatally as having iniencephaly. The child was born without complication and has grown and thrived. This is the fourth patient with long‐term survival with iniencephaly. We recommend that non‐directive counselling be applied when presenting the findings of iniencephaly to parents.
Physical and metabolic demands of training and match-play in the elite football player

Abstract In soccer, the players perform intermittent work. Despite the players performing low-intensity activities for more than 70% of the game, heart rate and body temperature measurements suggest that the average oxygen uptake for elite soccer players is around 70% of maximum ([Vdot]O2max). This may be partly explained by the 150 – 250 brief intense actions a top-class player performs during a game, which also indicates that the rates of creatine phosphate (CP) utilization and glycolysis are frequently high during a game. Muscle glycogen is probably the most important substrate for energy production, and fatigue towards the end of a game may be related to depletion of glycogen in some muscle fibres. Blood free-fatty acids (FFAs) increase progressively during a game, partly compensating for the progressive lowering of muscle glycogen. Fatigue also occurs temporarily during matches, but it is still unclear what causes the reduced ability to perform maximally. There are major individual differences in the physical demands of players during a game related to physical capacity and tactical role in the team. These differences should be taken into account when planning the training and nutritional strategies of top-class players, who require a significant energy intake during a week.
Clinical characteristics of patients with dengue fever: report of 48 patients in 2010.

BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a mosquito born viral disease. It occurs in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Symptoms appear 3-14 days after the infective bite. Mortality can occur in dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome unless prompt and adequate management is provided. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics along with outcome of patients with dengue fever (DF) dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DESIGN Prospective, follow-up study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from 3rd Oct 2010 to 20th Nov 2010. PATIENTS AND METHODS Specific serological tests for dengue fever were done in all 60 patients admitted with suspected diagnosis of DF, DHF and DSS. Forty-eight confirmed cases were evaluated for age, gender, clinical features and outcome of the disease. RESULTS Forty-eight out of 60 patients had positive serology for dengue fever. Male to female ratio was 1.09:1. Their ages ranged from 5 years to 68 years with the mean of 31.5 +/- 15.2 years. DF, DHF and DSS were found in 71%, 19% and 10% cases respectively. Common presentations were fever (100%), skin rash (83.33%), myalgia (69.75%), restlessness (66.67%) and rigors and chills (66.67%). All, except one patient improved clinically. One patient died on second day of admission. CONCLUSION Dengue fever, a viral infection is re-emerging as a serious public health problem. Fever, rash, myalgia with rigors and chills were common presenting features.
Translation Model Adaptation for an Arabic/French News Translation System by Lightly- Supervised Training

Published in MT Summit XII, August 2009 Most of the existing, easily available parallel texts to train a statistical machine translation system are from international organizations that use a particular jargon. In this paper, we consider the automatic adaptation of such a translation model to the news domain. The initial system was trained on more than 200M words of UN bitexts. We then explore large amounts of in-domainmonolingual texts to modify the probability distribution of the phrase-table and to learn new task-specific phrase-pairs. This procedure achieved an improvement of 3.5 points BLEU on the test set in an Arabic/French statistical machine translation system. This result compares favorably with other large state-of-the-art systems for this language pair.
Morphological, molecular, and toxin analysis of field populations of Alexandrium genus from the Argentine Sea

In the Argentine Sea, blooms of toxigenic dinoflagellates of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex have led to fish and bird mortalities and human deaths as a consequence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Yet little is known about the occurrence of other toxigenic species of the genus Alexandrium, or of their toxin composition beyond coastal waters. The distribution of Alexandrium species and related toxins in the Argentine Sea was determined by sampling surface waters on an oceanographic expedition during austral spring from ~39°S to 48°S. Light microscope and SEM analysis for species identification and enumeration was supplemented by confirmatory PCR analysis from field samples. The most frequent Alexandrium taxon identified by microscopy corresponded to the classical description of A. tamarense. Only weak signals of Group I from the A. tamarense species complex were detected by PCR of bulk field samples, but phylogenetic reconstruction of rDNA sequences from single cells from one station assigned them to ribotype Group I (Alexandrium catenella). PCR probes for Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium ostenfeldii yielded a positive signal, although A. minutum morphology did not completely match the classical description. Analysis of PSP toxin composition of plankton samples revealed toxin profiles dominated by gonyautoxins (GTX1/4). The main toxic cyclic imine detected was 13‐desMe‐spirolide C and this supported the association with A. ostenfeldii in the field. This study represents the first integrated molecular, morphological and toxinological analysis of field populations of the genus Alexandrium in the Argentine Sea.
Blockade of CD200 in the Presence or Absence of Antibody Effector Function: Implications for Anti-CD200 Therapy

CD200 is an immunosuppressive molecule overexpressed in multiple hematologic malignancies such as B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and acute myeloid leukemia. We previously demonstrated that up-regulation of CD200 on tumor cells suppresses antitumor immune responses and that antagonistic anti-human CD200 mAbs enabled human PBMC-mediated tumor growth inhibition in xenograft NOD/SCID human (hu)-mouse models. Ab variants with effector function (IgG1 constant region (G1)) or without effector function (IgG2/G4 fusion constant region (G2G4)) exhibited high antitumor activity in a human tumor xenograft model in which CD200 was expressed. In this report, we seek to select the best candidate to move forward into the clinic and begin to decipher the mechanisms of tumor cell killing by comparing anti-CD200-G1 vs anti-CD200-G2G4 in two related animal models. In a CD200-expressing xenograft NOD/SCID hu-mouse model where CD200 ligand/receptor interactions are already established before initiating treatment, we find that anti-CD200-G1 is a less effective Ab compared with anti-CD200-G2G4. Separately, in a model that evaluates the effect of the Abs on the immune cell component of the xenograft NOD/SCID hu-mouse model distinctly from the effects of binding to CD200 on tumor cells, we find that the administration of anti-CD200-G1 Abs completely abolished human PBMC-mediated tumor growth inhibition. Along with supporting in vitro studies, our data indicate that anti-CD200-G1 Abs efficiently mediate Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of activated T cells, critical cells involved in immune-mediated killing. These studies suggest important implications regarding the selection of the constant region in anti-CD200 immunotherapy of cancer patients.
The ketogenic diet for type II bipolar disorder

Successful mood stabilizing treatments reduce intracellular sodium in an activity-dependent manner. This can also be achieved with acidification of the blood, as is the case with the ketogenic diet. Two women with type II bipolar disorder were able to maintain ketosis for prolonged periods of time (2 and 3 years, respectively). Both experienced mood stabilization that exceeded that achieved with medication; experienced a significant subjective improvement that was distinctly related to ketosis; and tolerated the diet well. There were no significant adverse effects in either case. These cases demonstrate that the ketogenic diet is a potentially sustainable option for mood stabilization in type II bipolar illness. They also support the hypothesis that acidic plasma may stabilize mood, perhaps by reducing intracellular sodium and calcium.
A 13b-ENOB 173dB-FoM 2nd-order NS SAR ADC with passive integrators

This paper presents a low-power 2nd-order noise-shaping (NS) SAR ADC. Instead of using power-hungry op-amps, it uses switches and capacitors to make passive integrators for noise shaping. The overall architecture is simple and the NS order can be easily reconfigured from 0 to 2. A prototype chip is fabricated in a 40nm CMOS process. With 2nd-order NS, the chip consumes 143μW power at 1.1V and 8.4MS/s. At an OSR of 16, SNDR is 80dB and the Schreier FoM is 173dB.
Glutamate Corelease Promotes Growth and Survival of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

Recent studies have proposed that glutamate corelease by mesostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons regulates behavioral activation by psychostimulants. How and when glutamate release by DA neurons might play this role remains unclear. Considering evidence for early expression of the type 2 vesicular glutamate transporter in mesencephalic DA neurons, we hypothesized that this cophenotype is particularly important during development. Using a conditional gene knock-out approach to selectively disrupt the Vglut2 gene in mouse DA neurons, we obtained in vitro and in vivo evidence for reduced growth and survival of mesencephalic DA neurons, associated with a decrease in the density of DA innervation in the nucleus accumbens, reduced activity-dependent DA release, and impaired motor behavior. These findings provide strong evidence for a functional role of the glutamatergic cophenotype in the development of mesencephalic DA neurons, opening new perspectives into the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders involving the mesostriatal DA system.
Improved transfection technique for adherent cells using a commercial lipid reagent.

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Neuropeptide galanin inhibits omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive calcium channels in parasympathetic neurons.

1. We determined the effect of the neuropeptide galanin on barium currents (IBa) flowing through voltage-gated calcium channels. We voltage clamped parasympathetic neurons dissociated from mudpuppy cardiac ganglia using both the standard whole cell and the perforated-patch variations of the patch-clamp technique. 2. Galanin produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of IBa. The maximal inhibition was 50-60% and the concentration that produced half-maximal inhibition (IC50) was 0.42 nM. In mud-puppy parasympathetic neurons, omega-conotoxin-GVIA (CTX)-sensitive channels are the predominant type of calcium channels, and only a small portion of IBa is contributed by dihydropyridine-sensitive channels. Galanin preferentially inhibited a portion of the CTX-sensitive current. 3. In currents recorded with the standard whole cell technique, activation of IBa was slowed in the presence of galanin. In contrast, in the majority of neurons studied with the perforated-patch technique, galanin decreased IBa without altering the kinetics of current activation. With both recording methods, the decrease in IBa was greatest with voltage steps to 0 mV and persisted with steps to +50 mV. For control currents, large depolarizing voltage steps (+70 to +120 mV) did not markedly facilitate IBa when either recording technique was used. However, the degree of facilitation in galanin was significantly greater with the standard whole cell recording technique. 4. IBa exhibited inactivation under the conditions of these experiments. Inactivation of IBa recorded during a 900-ms depolarizing voltage step was fitted to a double exponential. Galanin decreased the amplitude of IBa but did not alter the time constants of inactivation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The impacts of uterine environment and fetal genotype on conceptus size and placental vascularity during late gestation in pigs.

Meishan and Yorkshire gilts were bred exclusively to Yorkshire and Meishan boars, respectively, resulting in similar Meishan x Yorkshire fetuses gestating in the uteri of both maternal breeds. Gilts of both breeds were slaughtered on d 90 and 110 of gestation, and the weight and volume of each uterine horn was determined. Fetal weights and crown-rump lengths were recorded. A section of the chorioallantoic-endometrial attachment site was collected for each conceptus and evaluated for placental and endometrial vascular density. An intact placenta was recovered for each conceptus and weighed, and its surface area was determined. Fetal weight and crown-rump length increased (P < .001) markedly between d 90 and 110 of gestation in Meishan and in Yorkshire uteri, but they were markedly less (P < .001) in Meishan than in Yorkshire uteri. Placental weight and placental surface area were reduced by 40% in Meishan, compared with Yorkshire, uteri; however, placental size did not increase between d 90 and 110 in either uterine type. Placental vascular density and associated endometrial vascular density were similar (P > .20) for conceptuses in Meishan and Yorkshire uteri on d 90 and 110 of gestation. Additionally, even though the ratio of fetal weight: placental weight (placental efficiency) increased between d 90 and 110, placental efficiency was similar for conceptuses in Meishan and Yorkshire uteri. In a previous study using straightbred Meishan or Yorkshire conceptuses gestated in either a Meishan or Yorkshire uterus, we found Meishan conceptuses had a markedly greater placental efficiency than did Yorkshire conceptuses, regardless of the type of uterus in which they were gestated. These data indicate that uterine type determines conceptus size and conceptus genotype controls placental efficiency.
Schooling Resources, Educational Institutions and Student Performance: the International Evidence

This paper estimates the effects of family background, resources and institutions on mathematics and science performance using an international database of more than 260,000 students from 39 countries which includes extensive background information at the student, teacher, school and system level.The student-level estimations show that international differences in student performance cannot be attributed to resource differences but are considerably related to institutional differences.Among the many institutions which combine to yield major positive effects on student performance are centralized examinations and control mechanisms, school autonomy in personnel and process decisions, individual teacher influence over teaching methods, limits to teacher unions’ influence on curriculum scope, scrutiny of students’ achievement and competition from private schools.
Electronic structure of ultrathin ordered iron oxide films grown onto Pt(111).

It has recently been shown that well-ordered iron oxide films can be prepared epitaxially onto Pt(111) surfaces. We have investigated a one-monolayer-thick film with FeO stoichiometry and a ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$(111) multilayer. Moreover, we prepared well-ordered multilayers with \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ stoichiometry. Core and valence level photoemission data clearly reveal that the ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ multilayers on Pt(111) are chemically identical to thick single crystals and polycrystalline powder samples. The x-ray-absorption near-edge structures (XANES) at the O K edge arise from the hybridization between O 2p and Fe 3d states as well as Fe 4sp states, showing that the latter also are important for the bonding interaction of the oxides. Polarization-dependent XANES measurements at the O K edge reveal a FeO bond length in the monolayer of 2.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22 \AA{}, which almost corresponds to the bond length in the bulk FeO (2.15 \AA{}). The electronic structure of the iron oxides derived from the set of spectra presented will be described in terms of the ligand-field theory taking into consideration the exchange interaction between the iron 3d electrons.
A novel regulatory mechanism for Fgf18 signaling involving cysteine-rich FGF receptor (Cfr) and delta-like protein (Dlk)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) transduce signals through FGF receptors (FGFRs) and have pleiotropic functions. Besides signal-transducing FGFRs, cysteine-rich FGF receptor (Cfr; Glg1) is also known to bind some FGFs, although its physiological functions remain unknown. In this study, we generated Cfr-deficient mice and found that some of them die perinatally, and show growth retardation, tail malformation and cleft palate. These phenotypes are strikingly similar to those of Fgf18-deficient mice, and we revealed interaction between Cfr and Fgf18 both genetically and physically, suggesting functional cooperation. Consistently, introduction of Cfr facilitated Fgf18-dependent proliferation of Ba/F3 cells expressing Fgfr3c. In addition, we uncovered binding between Cfr and delta-like protein (Dlk), and noticed that Cfr-deficient mice are also similar to Dlk-transgenic mice, indicating that Cfr and Dlk function in opposite ways. Interestingly, we also found that Dlk interrupts the binding between Cfr and Fgf18. Thus, the Fgf18 signaling pathway seems to be finely tuned by Cfr and Dlk for skeletal development. This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for Fgf18 signaling involving Cfr and Dlk.
Immunotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: A Randomized Trial in Combination with Radiotherapy and Radiochemotherapy

Minoru Sugita, and the Cooperative Study Group for Esophageal Cancer in Japan We investigated the effect of multimodal therapy in 187 patients with esophageal cancer. All patients were followed up over a period of 5 years. Among the 187 patients, 174 (93.1%) eligible patients with biopsy-proved esophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent esophagectomy and were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy (RT) with or without protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK), or RT plus chemotherapy (CT) with or without PSK. The 5-year survival rates of patients with RT, RT + PSK, RT + CT and RT + CT + PSK were 40.0%, 42.3%, 29.1% and 37.2%, respectively. There was a tendency for longer survival on PSK, but statistical significance was not reached (RT + CT group versus RT + CT + PSK group: log-rank and generalized Wilcoxon tests, P = .1930, P = .1034). However, Cox multivariate regression analysis indicated that postoperative therapy with or without PSK was the most significant prognostic factor for patients receiving RT + CT and for the eligible patients. These results indicate that PSK may have a beneficial effect on esophageal carcinoma when given in combination with CT + RT.