Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic pain management in a reservation border town

Pain is a growing national public health problem that contributes to spiraling health care costs and significant societal burden in the United States. It is the most common reason for seeking health care services, and is the leading cause of disability (CDC, 2008). Inadequately treated pain has profound social, psychological, economic, and physiological consequences for patients, their families, and society (American Pain Society, 2009). A community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach was used for this project to develop a knowledge base about issues associated with chronic pain and its treatment among Native American people in Winslow, AZ. Mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) were used to gain insight into the local factors that contribute to the self-management and treatment of chronic pain. Two sources of data were used for this assessment. Data were collected from people living within the community and from health care providers working with the community. Patients with chronic pain were interviewed to explore patient factors that influence pain management. Healthcare providers participated in a survey to explore physician factors that influence pain management at WIHCC and to compare the survey results to the results on the same survey of Texas providers as reported by Weinstein, et al (2000). Qualitative content analysis was used for the interview data with patients and quantitative analytical strategies were used with the provider data. The results of the provider survey indicated that there are negative psychological traits toward patients with chronic pain such as authoritarianism, intolerance of ambiguity, reliance on technology, and locus of control which are factors that are known to negatively influence pain care (Weinstein et al, 2000). Lack of knowledge regarding pain and pain management along with
Standard patch testing and nickel allergy in Stavanger, Norway

Material and methods. 857 patients were tested for contact allergy (epicutaneous test, patch test) at the Department of Dermatology, Stavanger University Hospital in 2001 and 2002. Finn Chambers were placed on the upper part of the back, removed after 48 hrs and read after an additional 24 hrs. Positive reactions and other variables were recorded and data were collected retrospectively from medical records.
Obesity as a Risk Factor Among Hospitalized Patients with Infective Endocarditis

Abstract Objective Obesity contributes to diagnostic and management challenges for many hospitalized patients. The impact of obesity on in-hospital outcomes in patients with infective endocarditis has not been studied and was the focus of this investigation. Method We used the 2013 and 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify adults ≥18 years of age with a principle diagnosis of endocarditis. We divided the sample into 2 groups based on presence of absence of obesity. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis was used to compare in-hospital mortality, valvular replacement, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization charges. Results A total of 24 494 adults 18 years and older were hospitalized with infective endocarditis, of which 2625 were classified as obese. Patients with obesity were older (mean age, 57.8 ± 0.3 vs 54.3 ± 0.6 years; P < .01), more likely to be female (50.1% vs 36.1%; P < .01), and had more comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 3, 50.6% vs 28.8%; P < .01). Multivariate regression analysis found no differences between the 2 groups for mortality or repairs or replacements for any valve. On evaluation of resource utilization, patients with obesity had longer average LOS (13.9 days; confidence interval [CI], 12.7–15.1 vs 12.4 days; CI, 12.0–12.8; P = .016) and higher total hospital charges (US $160 789.90; CI, $140.922.40–$180 657.50 vs US $130 627.20; CI, $123 916.70–$137 337.70; P <.01). After adjustment for LOS for total hospital charges, there was no observed difference $11436.26 (CI, -$6649.07–$29521.6; P = .22). Conclusions . Obesity does not significantly impact in-hospital mortality or surgical valvular interventions among patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis, but obesity is associated with increased utilization of hospital resources.
Bacterial identification and drug susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection in pregnant Women at Karamara Hospital Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia

Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy and if left untreated in pregnancy it may result in acute pyelonephritis, abortion, premature delivery, low birth baby and even still birth. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infection in pregnant women at Karamara Hospital Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 190 pregnant women at Karamara Hospital. Clean catch midstream urine was collected and cultured on MacConkey and Blood agar for isolation and on Muller Hinton agar media for antibiotic sensitivity tests. The present study showed that overall prevalence of UTI was 13.2%. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism 10 (40%) followed by Citrobacter spp. , Klebsiella spp. , coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus each 3 (12%), Proteus species 2 (8%) and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa 1 (4%). Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance rate of 89.5% and 84.2% to amoxicillin and ampicillin, respectively. All Gram-negative bacterial isolates revealed low level of resistance (26.3%) against ciprofloxacin. Among the total isolates (n=25), multi-drug resistance (resistance for two or more drugs) were observed in 24 (96 %) of all bacterial pathogen from urine specimen. The present study revealed bacterial agents which causing urinary tract infections amongst pregnant women were multidrug resistant. E.coli was the most common isolated bacteria from mid-stream urine specimen. Key words: Pregnancy, urinary tract infection, antimicrobial sensitivity pattern.
Usage of Rotary Instruments in Root Canal Therapy of Deciduous Teeth - Review

Maintaining the deciduous teeth in the mouth until the time of physiological exfoliation is of great importance for the health of the permanent dentition. Root canal treatment, also called pulpectomy, performed in cases of inflammation or necrosis of the deciduous teeth pulp, is indicated as a successful method to preserve the tooth functionally. Conventional pulpectomy procedure is performed with stainless steel files, however, the low elasticity of these files may cause undesirable canal shapes and the time-taking treatment period may lead to deterioration of the patient's cooperation, especially in pedodontics. Ni-Ti rotary instrument systems eliminate these disadvantages and provide better quality canal fillings in a shorter duration. The present article reviewed the studies that are comparing the traditional stainless steel files and Ni-Ti rotating instrument for the root canal treatment of deciduous teeth.
Effect of β-carotene patch application on gingival crevicular fluid volume after repeated periapical radiographic exposure

Free radicals generated during ionization process of X-rays can damage biological tissues. Radiation exposure to gingival sulcus area will damage endothelial cells and increase permeability of blood vessels under sulcular and junctional epithelium. That inflammation will increase gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume. Repeated periapical radiographs often occurs due to the unfulfillment of quality assurance and leads to an increase amount of radiation dose received by the patient. Previous studies have shown that β-carotene mucoadhesive gingival patch can penetrate mucous membrane and provide protection against radiation by reducing the number of gingival epithelial cells micronuclei. The aims of this study was to observe β-carotene mucoadhesive gingival patch effect in GCF volume from patient exposed to repeated periapical radiographs. We recruited 10 participants from patients who receive repeated periapical radiographs in instalation of dentomaxillofacial radiology, Prof Soedomo dental and oral hospital Faculty of Dentistry UGM. The teeth of the subjects are divided into control and treatment group. β-carotene mucoadhesive gingival patch was applied to treatment group. GCF was collected using an absorbing paper strip before and after exposure, then measured bysliding caliper. Paired T-test showed significant differences (p<0.05) between GCF volume before and after radiographic exposure in each group. Independent T-test showed significant differences (p<0.05) of GCF volume between control and treatment group. Conclusion of this study is β-carotene mucoadhesive gingival patch significantly reduce GCF volume after repeated periapical radiographic exposure.
Prevalence of Protein-energy Malnutrition in Children under Five Years of Age Admitted to Pediatric Wards at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital , Arsi Zone , Oromiya , Ethiopia

Malnutrition is a serious problem in Ethiopia as a result of which there is a high rate of mortality of children under the age of five years. The main objective of this paper is, therefore, to identify the prevalence of protein energy malnutrition and determine factors contributing to it for children under the age of five years that were admitted to Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital in Arsi administrative zone, central Ethiopia. Data were collected from 367 sample households selected randomly from a total of 6554 respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model. The results revealed that 12%, 46% and 14% children were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. This implied that there is less severe problem form of protein energy malnutrition status. It was also found that sex of children, educational level of parents, distance of work place of caregiver from home, age of children, age of caregiver, marital status, family size, and family income were predictors of protein energy malnutrition. In addition, educational level of parents and economy of parents were important components for ensuring good nutritional of children. Therefore, improving parents’ economy and literacy of the community (especially female literacy) is instrumental in minimizing protein energy malnutrition for under five-year children. Moreover, it is advisable if nutritional status of children be assessed periodically to monitor the situation and to take appropriate measures for combating and preventing malnutrition in children.
Escherichia coli O25b-ST131 and O16-ST131 causing urinary tract infection in women in Changsha, China: molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli ST131 and molecularly characterize the O25b-ST131 and O16-ST131 subgroups among urinary tract infection (UTI) E. coli isolates from women in central China. We also assessed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of infections caused by E. coli ST131. Methods Between January 2014 and December 2015, a total of 216 consecutive, non-repetitive E. coli isolates were recovered from UTI urine samples from women in Changsha, China. All isolates were analyzed for phylogenetic groups, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes. ST131 clonal groups were identified using PCR and characterized using O serotyping, CTX-M genotypes, fimH, gyrA, and parC alleles, fluoroquinolone resistance genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Results Overall, 41 (19.0%) of 216 E. coli isolates were identified to contain ST131 strains, among which 27 were O25b-ST131 strains and 14 were O16-ST131 strains. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of the ST131 group did not differ significantly from those of the non-ST131 group, except for the presence of urinary stones (43.9% vs 27.4%, P=0.039). Ciprofloxacin resistance was found to be significantly higher in O25b-ST131 isolates than O16-ST131 isolates (96.3% vs 14.3%, P<0.001). The majority of O25b-ST131 isolates belonged to fimH30 (92.6%), followed by fimH41 (3.7%) and fimH27 (3.7%). O25b-H30 and O25b-H41 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and possessed gyrA1AB/parC1aAB combination. All of the O16-S131 isolates were found to belong to fimH41, and of which, two of the ciprofloxacin-resistant strains harbored gyrA1AB/parC3A combination. Three PFGE clusters, consisting of 38 (92.7%) isolates, with more than 70% similarity were identified. Conclusion The O25b and O16 sub-lineages have emerged as an important group of E. coli ST131 in UTI isolates from women in China. UTI patients with a history of urinary stones may need to be particularly vigilant against ST131 infection.
Isodose mapping and its radiological implications in Lagos state, Nigeria

Background: The annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) due to ionizing radiation in a coaster area in Nigerian has been determined using GeigerMuller counter. Materials and Methods: isolevels in the study area were represented by using the kriging interpolation technique on ArcGIS 10.1 software. Duncan multiple range test was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The results obtained show that the AEDE ranged from 0.19±0.01 to 0.35±0.02 mSv y with a mean of 0.27±0.03 mSv y. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) ranged from 0.0007 to 0.0012, with a mean of 0.0010. The total annual collective effective dose equivalent is 4839.49 person-Sv. Conclusion: The AEDE in the study area is lower than the maximum permissible limit of 1 mSv y recommended by ICRP. The AEDE was higher in areas of high elevations than those of low elevations. It was estimated that about twenty-eight (28) of every one hundred thousand (100,000) persons are at risk of developing radiation-induced diseases per annum in the study area.
Is it possible to prevent chemotherapy-induced heart failure with cardiovascular drugs - the review of the current clinical evidence

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the most common death causes in the USA and Europe. Moreover, many patients suffer from both of these conditions – a situation which may result from cardiotoxicity of anticancer treatment. In order to reduce the severity of this adverse effect, various methods have been proposed, including the usage of new drug forms and less toxic analogs, omitting the combinations of potentially cardiotoxic drugs and introducing potential cardioprotective agents to the therapy. However, prevention of cardiotoxicity still seems to be insufficient. The article reviews the results of current studies on the use of cardiovascular drugs in the prevention of cardiotoxicity. Based on this knowledge, the most promising cardioprotective drugs seem to be carvedilol, nebivolol, enalapril, and candesartan, as they prevent heart remodeling and correct elevated resting heart rate, which directly affects mortality. Alternatively, in case of adverse reactions, statins might be considered.
A Study on the Empathy of Pediatric nurses

Empathy is an essential factor for establishing therapeutic relationship. Especially for pediatric nursing, the nurses need to know how to perceive children's feeling and thought and to express her understanding about them affectively. So, empathy is considered as an important concept in pediatric nursing. This study was attempted to measure the empathic ability of pediatric nurses by pediatric nurses and mothers of hospitalized children. The subject of this study consisted of 83 pediatric nurses and 106 mothers of hospitalized children in 4 hospitals in Seoul and 1 hospital in Kyung-Gi. Data were collected from Jan. 14 to Feb. 6, 1997, by the questionnair method. The instrument for this study was the Empathic Construct Rating Scale : ECRS(60-item, 5 point scale). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results of this study are summarized as follows 1. Pediatric nurses perceived their empathic ability to be moderately high (Mn=3.71). The level of perceived empathic ability of the pediatric nurses showed no significance by general characteristics. 2. The mothers of hospitalized children perceived nurses' empathic ability to be moderate(Mn=3.27). The level of perceived nurses' empathic ability of the mothers of hospitalized children showed significant differences by the experience of hospitalization of the children and the age of the mothers. 3. The perceived nurses' empathic ability of the mothers was significantly low than of the pediatric nurses(t=6.50, P
Frequency of colorectal cancer in healthy individual's relatives: A cross-sectional population-based study

Introduction: Family history of colorectal cancer has been shown to be related to the risk of developing colorectal cancer. This risk depends on the number of affected relatives and the age at diagnosis. In this study we aimed to estimate the frequency of a positive family history of colorectal cancer in a random sample from Tehran population. Materials and Methods: This study was a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted from May 2006 to December 2007 in Tehran province, Iran. A total of 5,500 peoples (age ≥ 20 years) drawn up randomly by random sampling according to postal codes and invited to participate in the study. All participants completed a detailed health data registry form on family history status of colorectal cancer. Results: The mean age of men with a positive family history was significantly different from men with negative family history. There was no significant difference between mean age of women responders with or without positive family history. Among all participants (n=5,500), 162 responders (2.9%) had a history of colorectal cancer. Of 162, 67 responders (1.22%) had one and 4(0.07%) had two or more first-degree relative with colorectal cancer. Of 5,500 participants, 18 subjects (0.33%) reported having two or more first-degree relative with colorectal cancer or one first-degree relative with colorectal cancer diagnosed at age <50 years. Four subjects (0.07%) had three or more first-degree relative with colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Based on the findings, we estimate that more than 570,000 subjects in the Iran in the age group ≥ 20 years have at least two to three times increased risk of developing colorectal cancer which should be identified and encourage to participate in screening and surveillance protocols of colorectal cancer.
Major Depression in Children with β-Thalassemia Major is Strongly Associated with the Number of Blood Transfusions, Iron Overload and Increased Levels of Interleukin-1β

Beta-thalassemia major (β-TM) patients are treated with repeated blood transfusions, which may cause iron overload (IO), which in turn may induce immune aberrations. Patients with β-TM have an increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aims of the present study are to examine whether repeated blood transfusions, IO and immune-inflammatory responses are associated with MDD in children (6-12 years) with β-TM. The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), iron status (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, TS%) and serum levels of CCL11, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α were measured in β-TM with (n=54) and without (n=57) MDD and in healthy children (n=55). The results show that MDD in β-TM is associated with a greater number of blood transfusions, increased IO and IL-1β levels. Partial Least Squares path analysis shows that 68.8% of the variance in the CDI score is explained by the number of blood transfusions, IO, and increased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. The latter two cytokines partly mediate the effects of IO on the CDI score, while the effects of blood transfusions on the CDI score are partly mediated by IO and the path from IO to immune activation. IO is also associated with increased IL-10 and lower CCL11 levels but these alterations are not significantly associated with MDD. In conclusion, blood transfusions may be causally related to MDD in β-TM children and their effects are in part mediated by increased IO and the consequent immune-inflammatory response. The results suggest that not only IO and its consequences including inflammation and ferroptosis, but also other factors related to the number of transfusions may cause MDD including psychosocial stressors. Current treatment modalities with folic acid and vitamin C are insufficient to attenuate IO and immune-inflammatory responses and to prevent MDD is children with β-TM undergoing blood transfusions.
Prevalence of Delirium and Its Clinical Outcome in Adult Filipino Patients Admitted in The Intensive Care Unit

Delirium is common in the ICU setting and is associated with increased morbidity, manpower requirement, and costs. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of delirium and its outcome in terms of 14-days mortality and length of ICU stay in ICU patients. The study was done at a 150-bed tertiary teaching hospital, located in Quezon City, Metro Manila, February to September 2016. This is a prospective studyinvolving 136 adults. Screening for delirium was done within 24 hours of ICU admission using both CAM-ICU scoring method and DSM-IV-TR criteria for delirium. Delirium prevalence was found to be 5.15%. The average age was higher in the subjects positive for delirium (70.14 + 21.15 years versus 60.43 + 16.10 years, p=0.1286). At the time of ICU admission, 11.54% of sedated patients were positive for delirium compared to 3.64% of non-sedated patients, p=0.1513 ;OR 3.457. Delirium was associated with higher 14 days mortality (OR 16.8, p=0.0212). Subjects positive for delirium had 2.74 longer days average ICU stay compared to the other group, with p=0.026. We concluded delirium was associated with higher 14-days mortality and longer ICU stay. Keywords : delirium, prevalence, Intensive Care Unit
Casein and Peptides Derived from Casein as Antileukaemic Agents

Milk is a heterogeneous lacteal secretion mixture of numerous components that exhibit a wide variety of chemical and functional activities. Casein, the main protein in milk, is composed of α-, β-, and κ-caseins, each of which is important for nutritional value and for promoting the release of cytokines, also are linked to the regulation of haematopoiesis and immune response and inhibit the proliferation and induce the differentiation of leukaemia cells. It has been shown that the digestive process of caseins leads to the release of bioactive peptides that are involved in the regulation of blood pressure and the inhibition or activation of the immune response by serving as agonists or antagonists of opioid receptors, thus controlling the expression of genes that exert epigenetic control. Later, they bind to opioid receptor, block nuclear factor κ-beta, increase the redox potential, and reduce oxidative stress and the pro-inflammatory agents that favour an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory environment. Therefore, the bioactive peptides of casein could be compounds with antileukaemia potential. This review provides a summary of current knowledge about caseins and casein peptides on the immune system as well as their roles in the natural defence against the development of leukaemia and as relevant epigenetic regulators that can help eradicate leukaemia.