Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced tokamak physics in DIII-D

Advanced tokamaks seek to achieve a high bootstrap current fraction without sacrificing fusion power density or fusion gain. Good progress has been made towards the DIII-D research goal of demonstrating a high-β advanced tokamak plasma in steady state with a relaxed, fully non-inductive current profile and a bootstrap current fraction greater than 50%. The limiting factors for transport, stability, and current profile control in advanced operating modes are discussed in this paper.
Batch variation between branchial cell cultures: An analysis of variance

We present in detail how a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to sort out the eﬀect of an unexpected batch-to-batch variation between cell cultures. Two separate cultures of rainbow trout branchial cells were grown on permeable ﬁlter supports (“inserts”). They were supposed to be simple duplicates for testing the eﬀect of two induced factors—apical or basolateral addition of radioactive precursors and diﬀerent apical media–on the incorporation of 14 C-acetate and 32 P-phosphate into tissue lipids. Unfortunately, they did not altogether give the same result. By accepting this fact and introducing the diﬀerence between batches as one of the factors in an expanded three-dimensional ANOVA, we were able to overcome an otherwise crucial lack of suﬃciently reproducible duplicate values. We could thereby show that the eﬀect of changing the apical medium was much more marked when the radioactive lipid precursors were added on the apical, rather than on the basolateral, side. The insert cell cultures were obviously polarized. We argue that it is not reasonable to reject troublesome experimental results, when we do not know a priori that something went wrong. The ANOVA is a very useful statistical tool that can be utilized by any experimentalist who cares to make the eﬀort. We present in detail how a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to sort out the eﬀect of an unexpected batch-to-batch variation between cell cultures. Two separate cultures of rainbow trout branchial cells were grown on permeable ﬁlter supports (“inserts”). They were supposed to be simple duplicates for testing the eﬀect of two induced factors—apical or basolateral addition of radioactive precursors and diﬀerent apical media–on the incorporation of 14 C-acetate and 32 P-phosphate into tissue lipids. Unfortunately, they did not altogether give the same result. By accepting this fact and introducing the observed diﬀerence between batches as one of the factors in an expanded three-dimensional ANOVA, we were able to overcome an otherwise crucial lack of suﬃciently reproducible duplicate values. We could thereby show that the eﬀect of changing the apical medium was much more marked when the radioactive lipid precursors were added on the apical, rather than on the basolateral, side. The insert cell cultures were obviously polarized. We argue that it is not reasonable to reject troublesome experimental results, when we do not know a priori that something went wrong. The ANOVA is a very useful statistical tool that can be utilized by any experimentalist who cares to make the eﬀort.
Repository Incident and near miss reporting culture in recreational hot air ballooning

Hot air ballooning incidents are relatively rare; however, they have a high potential to be fatal. In order to inform appropriate safety interventions it is first necessary to understand the causal factors which lead to incidents and near-misses, which requires a formal incident report database. The Australian Balloon Federation (ABF) advocates the reporting of recreational hot air ballooning incidents, by reporting directly to the ABF safety officer or by completing an online incident report form. The objective of this paper is to understand how widely used the reporting system is and whether there are any perceived barriers to reporting. Sixty-nine balloonists participated in an online survey about their experience of incident reporting. Survey respondents were mostly male (11 female), experienced balloonists (mean years’ experience ballooning 19.51y with a SD 11.19). Sixty respondents (87%) held a pilot license. The majority (82.6%) of respondents were aware of the ABF incident reporting system. Over half (62.3%) had been involved in a ballooning incident or near-miss in Australia. However, 40% of those who had an incident or near-miss did not report it to the ABF and only 15.9% of all those surveyed had used the online incident report form. There was some disagreement regarding when it was appropriate to report an incident or near miss. Some respondents felt an incident or near miss should only be reported if it resulted in injury or damage, while others said near-misses should also be reported. The most frequent barriers identified were: a lack of understanding of when to report to the ABF; trivializing of incidents; and concerns about the system itself Steps should be taken to increase understanding of the system purpose and long term benefits. Specifically, reporting near-misses should be encouraged. This study is significant because it is the first to examine reporting practices in non-motorised recreational aviation. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of AHFE Conference.
Thrust and bending moment of rigid piles subjected to moving soil

An experimental apparatus was developed to investigate the behaviour of vertically loaded free-head piles in sand undergoing lateral soil movement (wf). A large number of tests have been conducted to date. Presented here are 14 typical model pile tests concerning two diameters, two vertical pile loading levels, and varying sliding depths with the movement wf driven by a triangular loading block. Results are provided for driving force as well as for induced shear force (T), bending moment (M), and deflection ( y) along the piles with wf / normalized sliding depth. The tests enable simple expressions to be proposed, drawn from the theory for a laterally loaded pile. The new expressions well capture the evolution of M, T, and y with soil movement observed in current model tests, and the three to five times difference in maximum bending moment (Mmax) from the two modes of loading. They further offer a good estimate of Mmax for eight in situ pile tests and one centrifuge test pile. The study quantifies the sli.
Communities of Practice and Habitus: A Critique

Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus is frequently drawn upon in work on learning and knowledge in organizations. However, this use is much looser than Bourdieu’s emphasis on habitus as generative structure. This tension is explored in an examination of the work of UK public house managers, using the notion of communities of practice. The issues that this raises about habitus are developed through a consideration of the work of Basil Bernstein. His work indicates the value of a concept that emphasizes durable dispositions to act, but such a concept needs to be embedded in a relational conception of the agency-structure divide.
Selective alkylation of genistein and daidzein

Regioselective 7-O- and 4 and daidzein. Derivatization of more acidic phenoli c group is easily achieved via its tetra ammonium salt. Two modes of selective 4 deriva tive and second, one step, via double deprotonation of an isoflavone substrate.
Seeds in subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidaceae): the best morphological tool to support molecular analyses

Seeds of the genera belonging to the subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidaceae) have been studied using scanning electron microscopy. Qualitative data concerning the general morphology of the seed and testa cells, and ornamentation of periclinal and anticlinal walls, are characters that allow to recognize genera and taxa at infrageneric levels. The results show that seed micromorphology is the best tool to support the molecular analyses published in recent years for this taxonomic group. Index Terms — qualitative data, seed micromorphology, SEM, subtribe
Consistent Testing for Stochastic Dominance Under General Sampling Schemes

We propose a procedure for estimating the critical values of the extended Kolmogorov- Smirnov tests of First and Second Order Stochastic Dominance in the general K-prospect case. We allow for the observations to be serially dependent and, for the first time, we can accommodate general dependence amongst the prospects which are to be ranked. Also, the prospects may be the residuals from certain conditional models, opening the way for conditional ranking. We also propose a test of Prospect Stochastic Dominance. Our method is subsampling; we show that the resulting tests are consistent and powerful against some N|1/2 local alternatives even when computed with a data-based subsample size. We also propose some heuristic methods for selecting subsample size and demonstrate in simulations that they perform reasonably. We show that our test is asymptotically similar on the entire boundary of the null hypothesis, and is unbiased. In comparison, any method based on resampling or simulating from the least favorable distribution does not have these properties and consequently will have less power against some alternatives.
A comparison of the reproductive strategies of domestic species of Drosophila

(1) This paper compares the reproductive strategies of seven domestic species of Drosophila in a wholesale fruit and vegetable market. (2) Reproductive effort was measured as the ratio of reproductive to total biomass. Some of the shortcomings of this sort of measure were revealed. (3) Species which bred on similar breeding sites tended to have similar reproductive strategies. (4) Large bodied species tended to lay large clutches of small eggs, had slow larval development, and good adult survival. Small bodied species had the opposite characters. (5) The reproductive characters were inconsistent with an explanation based on rand K-selection theory, but might have evolved as adaptations to the frequency of finding breeding sites.
Jensen's difference without probability vectors and actuarial applications

In mathematics and statistics there exist many divergences. One of them, which has a special appeal since it originates from Shannon’s entropy (a well known index of diversity) and its concavity property, is Jensen’s difference as it was called by Burbea and Rao [9]. Continuing our research on the properties and the use of divergence and information measures in the actuarial field, in the present paper, we investigate the properties of the Jensen difference in the case of non-probability vectors. This appears in actuarial graduation. Jensen’s difference without probability vectors is an appropriate divergence if the vectors have equal element totals. We also investigate the use of Jensen’s difference in the problem of determining a client’s disability distribution [6].
Critical Factors behind Construction Delay in Petrochemical Projects in Saudi Arabia

This paper presents a study conducted to identify, assess, rank, and compare the most influencing factors causing schedule delays during the construction phase of petrochemical projects in Saudi Arabia. The methodology followed in this research to achieve the main aims is a combination of the comprehensive review of the literature and the interviewing of a number of local experts, which have resulted in identifying 23 factors. A total of 90 completed responses were gathered from 106 received responses. The study found that the most influencing factors causing schedule delays during the construction of petrochemical projects in Saudi Arabia are “Poor site management and supervision by contractors”; “Conflict between the main contractor and subcontractor”; “Poor planning and scheduling of projects by the contractor”; “Delays in material or equipment delivery”; and followed by “Delays in Handing Over Construction Site to the Contractor”. This paper is original in the sense that the areas of knowledge and practice covered in the identified factors were distributed and not available in one source. The factors are derived from personal interviews with selected project managers, project engineers, construction supervisors, and the others from different positions in the project department and from the relevant literature.
The Acquisition of Preposition Stranding and Pied Piping in Interrogatives by Arab Jordanian EFL Speakers

The current study aimed primarily at investigating the acquisition of preposition stranding and pied piping by Jordanian EFL speakers. As secondary purposes, the study attempted to supply convincing accounts for the occurrence of preposition stranding and pied piping based on previous literature carried out on this area of language. The study also sought to show any instances of Null preposition phenomenon as acquiring preposition stranding and pied piping. In collecting the data needed for the study, grammaticality judgment and correction task was employed. The task consisted of 21 sentences; 15 of which were incorrect as a result of absence of prepositions and 6 were correct. 355 Jordanian EFL students from ten universities took part in this study. The results of the study indicated that, there were no statistical significant difference between the use of preposition stranding and pied piping among the respondents. More specifically, the respondents produced nearly equal rates of preposition stranding and pied piping. In addition, the results showed that transfer from Arabic is the best possible account for use of pied piping since both Arabic and English permit pied piping in interrogative clauses. In contrast, the frequent emergence of preposition stranding can be justified by salience factor. Lastly, the results revealed a strong evidence for the presence of Null preposition in the language of Jordanian EFL speakers.
Inactivation of enteric pathogens and natural microflora in pineapple juice with added Isoeugenol and Yucca extract

Studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of isoeugenol (ISO-EU) at 0 (control) and 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 μL mL for inactivating three enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica) and indigenous spoilage microflora in Tyndallized and raw pineapple juice (PJ) respectively, during refrigerated (4 oC) storage of the juice. Sub-lethal injury of pathogen survivors in PJ and the effect of ISO-EU on sensory characteristics of PJ were also evaluated. Batches of Tyndallized PJ with added ISO-EU and YEX (0.5% w/v) were each inoculated with a five-strain mixture of one pathogen to obtain ~7.1 log CFU mL. Non-inoculated batches of raw PJ were used for sensory analysis and monitoring the indigenous microflora namely, yeast and molds (YM), aerobic plate count (APC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Enterobacteriaceae (ENT). Cultural methods using non-selective and appropriate selective agar media were used to enumerate microbial survivors. At 4oC, all three enteric pathogens survived for more than 42 days in the control PJ; however, within 24 h, all ISO-EU treatments tested inactivated >5 log of each pathogen. After 2 h, ISO-EU treatments caused sub-lethal injury in survivors of all three pathogens. Initial populations of all four groups of indigenous microflora decreased significantly (P<0.05) in PJ containing ISO-EU and YEX with the most rapid decrease occurring in the ENT group. Although the appearance (color), odor and viscosity of both Tyndallized and raw PJ, each with ISO-EU (0.5 μL mL) and YEX, were acceptable, taste and overall acceptance of those juices were unsatisfactory (P<0.05). Sensory scores for all characteristics of ISOEU-containing PJ were similar after 1, 14 and 28 days; however, after 28 days the color, odor, taste and overall acceptance of control (raw PJ) were unsatisfactory. Based on these
A multimodel ensemble forecast framework: Application to spring seasonal flows in the Gunnison River Basin

We propose a multimodel ensemble forecast framework for streamflow forecasts at multiple locations that incorporates large‐scale climate information. It has four broad steps: (1) Principal component analysis is performed on the spatial streamflows to identify the dominant modes of variability. (2) Potential predictors of the dominant streamflow modes are identified from several large‐scale climate features and snow water equivalent information. (3) Objective criterion is used to select a suite of candidate nonlinear regression models each with different predictors. (4) Ensemble forecasts of the dominant streamflow modes are generated from the candidate models and are combined objectively to produce a multimodel ensemble, which are then back transformed to produce spatially coherent streamflow forecasts at all the locations. The utility of the framework is demonstrated in the skillful forecast of spring seasonal streamflows at six locations in the Gunnison River Basin at several lead times. The generated ensemble streamflow forecast provides valuable and useful information for optimal management and planning of water resources in the basin.
The World System Trajectory: The Reality of Constraints and the Potential for Prediction

This paper discusses a number of constraints imposed on the trajectory of the World-System. Chief among these are the overall trend of the trajectory of the world system, the existence of lines of equal maximum urban area, that is iso-urban lines, constraints revealed by converting the trajectory to polar coordinates, periodic relationships within that representation, and the use of the ratio of observed maximum urban area to idealized maximum urban area to establish significant similarity with regard to two separate phases of urbanization including similarity in fractal dimensions of each phase. Beyond recognizing this suite of constraints, their potential for prediction of the state or position of the world system is discussed.
TOC ) Contracted Interlayer Distance in Graphene / Sapphire Heterostructure

Direct growth of graphene on insulators is expected to yield significant improvements in performance of graphene-based electronic and spintronic devices. In this study, we successfully reveal atomic arrangement and electronic properties of the coherent heterostructure of single-layer graphene and -Al2O3(0001). In the atomic arrangement analysis of single-layer graphene on -Al2O3(0001), we observed apparently contradicting results. The in-plane analysis shows that single-layer graphene grows not in the single-crystalline epitaxial manner but in the polycrystalline form with two strongly pronounced preferred orientations. This suggests the relatively weak interfacial interactions to be operative. But, we demonstrate that there exists unusually strong physical interactions between graphene and -Al2O3(0001), as evidenced by the short vertical distance between graphene and -Al2O3(0001) surface. The interfacial interactions are shown to be dominated by the electrostatic force involved in the graphene -system and the unsaturated electrons of the topmost O layer of -Al2O3(0001) rather than the van der Waals interactions. Such feature causes hole doping into graphene, which gives graphene a chance to slide on the -Al2O3(0001) surface with a small energy barrier despite the strong interfacial interactions.
Entertainment of leisure tourists in island destinations: evidence from the island of Mauritius

The entertainment activities of leisure tourists constitute a significant component of tourism experience. Their analysis is important since it allows tourism marketers to acquire insights and better understanding on tourists’ experience and satisfaction. The paper’s aim is to examine the evolving nature, roles and forms of entertainment activities of leisure tourists in an island destination, namely Mauritius. The study adopted a mixed research methodology employing the technique of semistructured interview targeted to tourists, entertainment providers and government officers. Results indicate that tourism entertainment has evolved in form and context; it is one of the main determining factors for leisure tourists in their decision-making; (iii) water-based activities are prevailing in their choice; and (iv) it is possible to identify the most promising forms of entertainment. The article is completed by suggesting a database for the various forms and types of entertainment for leisure tourists and proposing its applicability to similar destinations.
Measurement of Economic Welfare Risk and Resilience of the Philippine Regions

Using an economic model to assess welfare risk and resilience to disasters, this paper systematically tackles the questions: 1) How much asset and welfare risks does each region in the Philippines face from riverine flood disasters? 2) How resilient is each region to riverine flood disasters? and 3) What are the available interventions per region to strengthen resilience to riverine flood disasters and what will be their measured benefit? We study the 18 regions of the Philippines to demonstrate the channels through which macroeconomic asset and output losses from disasters translate to consumption and welfare losses at the microeconomic level. Apart from the prioritization of regions based on resilience and welfare risk, we identify a menu of policy options ranked according to their level of effectiveness in increasing resilience and reducing welfare risk from riverine floods. While there are similarities in the ranking of policies among regions with comparable levels of resilience and welfare risk, the ranking of priorities varies for different regions. This suggests that there are region-specific conditions and drivers that need to be integrated into policies and development processes so that these conditions are effectively addressed. Overall, the results indicate that reduction of adverse disaster impacts, including welfare losses, and reduction of poverty are generally complementary.
A longitudinal data analysis on risk factors for developing type-2 diabetes mellitus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic chronic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels with multi-system complications. The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors for developing type-2 diabetes mellitus over time in their random blood sugar and to obtain better predictive model for type 2 diabetes patients’ random blood sugar (RBS) level in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A retrospective cohort study with a total of 330 diabetic patients who have been active in the follow-up treatment for at least 3 times in three month interval in the hospital from February 2014 to February 2016 was conducted. Linear mixed effects model for longitudinal data were employed to measure the changes in RBS level. The results revealed that the linear distribution trend in the mean RBS level accounted for 79% of the variability in the data and the mean RBS level decreased over time. Age, residence, family history, alcohol intake, dietary type, BMI, treatment, exercise and education status were the significant factors for the change in mean RBS level of the diabetes patients over time. The study also confirmed that among the factors of RBS level included in the study, meat dietary type, patients who do not perform exercise, and body mass index (BMI) were positively correlated with the RBS level while the rest were negatively correlated. It was significant for the patients to do daily self-care activities to prevent long term complications. The government should also contribute to the education of communities to spread awareness creation and enhance prevention mechanisms of diabetes. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, blood sugar, linear mixed effect, longitudinal data analysis, random blood sugar (RBS).