Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiogram in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction due to occlusion of circumflex artery

Abstract To investigate the diagnostic value of electrocardiographic (ECG) ST-segment in acute inferior myocardial infarction (AIMI) caused by the left circumflex branch (LCX). A total of 240 clinical cases with AIMI in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All of them had received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 hours after symptom onset. The clinical features, ECG manifestations, and coronary artery lesion characteristics of the patients were collected. The right coronary artery (RCA) was shown to be the infarct-related artery (IRA) in 177 patients, while LCX was responsible for AIMI in 63 cases. There was no significant difference in the risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) (P > .05 for all) between the 2 groups. ST-segment elevation in lead II, III, and AVF could be found in all patients. Moreover, ST-segment depression in lead I (STD I), ST-segment elevation in lead III (STE III), STE III-STE II, STE AVF, STD AVL, STD AVL-STD I and STE v6 lead ST-segment deviation exhibited significant difference in 2 groups (P < .05 for all). The changes of STD I, STE III < STEII, STD AVL < STD I could discriminate between LCX and RCA in AIMI patients with high sensitivity and specificity. ECG may be an effective tool to predict the IRA in patient with AIMI.
Pre-Announcement and Event-Period Private Information: A Trading Volume Analysis of Firm Size and Institutional Ownership Effects

We study cross-sectional differences in pre-announcement and event-period private information acquisition across firm size and institutional ownership using trading volume reactions to earnings announcements. We find that abnormal volume associated with absolute price change increases with both firm size and institutional ownership, suggesting that pre-announcement private information acquisition increases with firm size and institutional ownership. We also find that abnormal volume independent of absolute price change increases with institutional ownership, suggesting that event-period private information acquisition increases with institutional ownership. In contrast, abnormal volume independent of absolute price change decreases with firm size, reflecting the previously documented positive relation between firm size and the precision of pre-announcement public information. By demonstrating that firm size and institutional ownership are determinants of pre-announcement and event--period private information acquisition, this study provides new insights regarding the incentive to acquire private information around earnings announcements and helps explain prior empirical results in trading volume reaction studies.
Does Language Influence the Vertical Representation of Auditory Pitch and Loudness?

Higher frequency and louder sounds are associated with higher positions whereas lower frequency and quieter sounds are associated with lower locations. In English, “high” and “low” are used to label pitch, loudness, and spatial verticality. By contrast, different words are preferentially used, in Catalan and Spanish, for pitch (high: “agut/agudo”; low: “greu/grave”) and for loudness/verticality (high: “alt/alto”; low: “baix/bajo”). Thus, English and Catalan/Spanish differ in the spatial connotations for pitch. To analyze the influence of language on these crossmodal associations, a task was conducted in which English and Spanish/Catalan speakers had to judge whether a tone was higher or lower (in pitch or loudness) than a reference tone. The response buttons were located at crossmodally congruent or incongruent positions with respect to the probe tone. Crossmodal correspondences were evidenced in both language groups. However, English speakers showed greater effects for pitch, suggesting an influence of linguistic background.
RESOURCE BOOTSTRAPPING OF NASCENT ENTREPRENEURS: CONSCIOUS ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION OR FORCED REACTION?

Management research has neglected to conceptualize bootstrapping as a strategic resource management approach and to uncover its antecedents. To address this gap, this study studies the effect of strategic orientations and environmental factors on bootstrapping behavior. Our study of 298 entrepreneurs reveals that resource bootstrapping can be viewed as an individualistic choice made by entrepreneurs, based on a proactive maximization pattern.
Crisis and Protection in the Automotive Industry: A Global Value Chain Perspective

In this paper the authors apply global value chain (GVC) analysis to recent trends in the global automotive industry, with special attention paid to government interventions triggered by the recent economic crisis. The authors first highlight some of the defining characteristics of GVCs in this important industry, especially the unusually strong regional structure of production and sales. National political institutions create pressure for local content, which drives production close to end markets, where it tends to be organized nationally or regionally. They then examine policy reactions to the recent economic crisis, and provide some discussion of the government interventions in the industry. The authors end with a number of policy conclusions that highlight the likely impact of the interventions on the evolution GVCs and the growth of the industry in developing countries.
Working together: Industry and VET provider training partnerships

This research investigated the nature of a number of the larger and more commercial vocational education and training (VET) industry-provider training partnerships operating in Australia today. The project, which involved a review of the literature, a survey of training providers and interviews with 52 providers and their industry partners, addressed the following research questions: What is the nature of the training partnerships? What is the training model being used, including the extent to which training models vary in their levels of flexibility, customisation, administrative arrangements, and the formality of the training relationship? What are the people skills being required by VET providers to build and maintain these partnerships? What are partners learning and needing to improve? What are some practical guidelines that VET and other professionals can use in setting up and managing successful industry-provider training partnerships? The study found that in relation to providers, the three major drivers for establishing training partnerships were to generate additional revenue, to provide staff with stronger links with industry, and to build additional capabilities in their staff. For industry and employers, the gains included an enhanced industry capacity to focus on their core business, and to deal with a skills shortage. Financial benefits included access to a range of funds which allowed support for specific training. State government support packages were often major drivers for the growth of training partnerships. Providers considered that there was strong support in their organisations for seeking training partnerships with industry, and developing profitable partnerships was a major objective of the VET providers. However, in a number of instances, VET providers were less clear about the strategic objectives of industry-training partnerships. Industry, for its part, identified a number of barriers to partnering, including procedures, structures and accountability mechanisms within training organisations which slowed down the establishment of partnerships, as well as their day-to-day management.
The development of mouse blastocysts transplanted to the scrotal and cryptorchid testis.

Mouse eggs will develop when transferred to an extra-uterine host organ. This has been demonstrated for the kidney (Fawcett, 1950; Whitten, 1956, 1958; Jones, 1951; Kirby, 1960, 1962 a, b), the anterior chamber of the eye (Fawcett, Wislocki & Waldo, 1947; Runner, 1947) and the peritoneum near the severed end of an oviduct (Fawcett et al. 1947). In the first two of these organs the transplanted blastocysts developed equally well in both male and female hosts. It was concluded that the androgens of the male host did not affect the graft. It is possible, however, that the level of androgens in these organs is too low to influence the egg. Evidence has accumulated to suggest that in the rabbit and rat at least the androgen spreads from the testes through the tissues with decreasing intensity (Jost, 1947, 1953; Suzuki, Toshimori & Mochizuki, 1955; Takewaki, 1959). The same may, and probably does, hold true for the mouse. Thus, besides the general spread of the hormone by the blood-vascular system, it would also reach the target organs by tissue diffusion. Therefore, to analyse the effect of testosterone on the developing mouse egg more critically it was decided to transfer blastocysts to the testes of host mice, where the hormone concentration would be greatest. Takewaki (1957, 1959) has elegantly demonstrated by vaginal graft techniques (i.e. the amount of oestrogen needed to overcome the effects of testosterone and cause cornification of the vaginal epithelium) that experimentally cryptorchidized testes produce only i to 1 as much testosterone as do the normal scrotal ones. This decrease of production is brought about well within 30 days of the testes being rendered cryptorchid. Therefore to determine the effect of this different level of androgen on the blastocyst, transfers were made to surgically cryptorchidized testes as well.
Identification of an Evolutionarily Conserved Domain in Human Lens Epithelium-derived Growth Factor/Transcriptional Co-activator p75 (LEDGF/p75) That Binds HIV-1 Integrase*

Human lens epithelium-derived growth factor/transcriptional co-activator p75 (LEDGF/p75) protein was recently identified as a binding partner for HIV-1 integrase (IN) in human cells. In this work, we used biochemical and bioinformatic approaches to define the domain organization of LEDGF/p75. Using limited proteolysis and deletion mutagenesis we show that the protein contains a pair of evolutionarily conserved domains, assuming about 35% of its sequence. Whereas the N-terminal PWWP domain had been recognized previously, the second domain is novel. It is comprised of ∼80 amino acid residues and is both necessary and sufficient for binding to HIV-1 IN. Strikingly, the integrase binding domain (IBD) is not unique to LEDGF/p75, as a second human protein, hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein 2 (HRP2), contains a homologous sequence. LEDGF/p75 and HRP2 IBDs avidly bound HIV-1 IN in an in vitro GST pull-down assay and each full-length protein potently stimulated HIV-1 IN activity in vitro. LEDGF/p75 and HRP2 are predicted to share a similar domain organization and have an evident evolutionary and likely functional relationship.
Share Restrictions and Investor Flows in the Hedge Fund Industry

We study the effect of share restrictions on the fund flow-performance relation of individual hedge funds. With a simple model, we demonstrate that restrictions, which represent short options positions for fund investors, significantly change the shape of the flow-performance relation in the lower and middle regions. Consistent with the predictions of our model, our empirical results show that an increase in share restrictions such as a subscription period, redemption period, advance notice period, lockup period, onshore domicile, whether a fund belongs to a capacity constrained style or is open to public lead to an increasingly inverted S-shaped fund flow-performance relation. Surprisingly, similar to mutual funds, hedge funds exhibit a convex flow-performance relation in the absence of these share restrictions. Our evidence is consistent with investors rationally endogenizing expected future binding restrictions when investing (or disinvesting) their money. We also present evidence that reconciles past empirical work on the hedge fund flow-performance relation.
Genetic Variability Studies for Qualitative and Quantitative traits in Popular Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids of India

The present investigation is carried out to study the genetic parameters for yield, yield attributing, quality and nutritional characters in twenty one rice hybrids. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the traits under study. The characters viz., number of filled grains per panicle, number of chaffy grains per panicle and iron content exhibited high Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV). Small differences between GCV and PCV were recorded for all the characters studied which indicated less influence of environment on these characters. The characters viz., number of filled grains per panicle and water uptake exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating that simple selection could be effective for improving these characters.
Accounting Harmonization for SME-S in Europe: Some Remarks on IFRS for SME-S and Empirical Evidences

Abstract The debate on accounting truth is an old problem (Briloff, 1979) and it is at present more and more important in harmonization process, especially involving small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Their users’ needs regarding the extents and type of accounting information as well as the costs of their providing are widely discussed as the arguments for differential reporting for SMEs, although there is still more literature focusing on financial reporting of large enterprises. The standards setters try to decrease the reporting burden for SMEs, keeping the relevant information for their reports users, while considering harmonization goals in the same time. In such an attempt, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued an International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) designed for use by small and medium-sized entities (SMEs) the 9th of July 2009, however some national European standard-setters seem not to be keen to introduce them. The aim of our paper is to analyze, the attempts and difficulties to reach all these goals in the same time and to implement the IFRS for SMEs, such as drawn by the IASB, in the European countries. Croatian experiences presented, running from International Accounting Standards (IAS) implementation as obligatory for all the companies, towards Croatian Financial Reporting Standards (CFRS) introduction for SMEs, represent an interesting experiment in the European context.
Metalloproteases as potential therapeutic targets in arthritis treatment

Dysregulated proteolysis of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage represents a unifying hallmark of the arthritides, and has been a target for therapeutic intervention for some time, although clinical efficacy has been elusive. Members of the ‘A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs’ and matrix metalloprotease families are considered to be collectively responsible for cartilage catabolism, such that inhibition of these activities is theoretically a highly attractive strategy for preventing further proteolytic damage. This review outlines the biology of these metalloproteases and what we have learnt from inhibition studies and transgenics, and highlights the important questions that this information raises for the future development of therapeutics directed towards metalloproteases for arthritis treatment.
Towards an Understanding of the Changing Structure of Financial Intermediation - An Evolutionary Theory of Institutional Survival

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Contemporary Issues in Estuarine Physics: Definition and classification of estuaries

This chapter discusses definitions and classification of estuaries. It presents both the classical and more flexible definitions of estuaries. Then it discusses separate classifications of estuaries based on water balance, geomorphology, water column stratification, and the stratification–circulation diagram – Hansen–Rattray approach and the Ekman–Kelvin numbers parameter space. The most widely accepted definition of an estuary was proposed by Cameron and Pritchard (1963). According to their definition, an estuary is (a) a semienclosed and coastal body of water, (b) with free communication to the ocean, and (c) within which ocean water is diluted by freshwater derived from land. Freshwater entering a semienclosed basin establishes longitudinal density gradients that result in long-term surface outflow and net inflow underneath. In classical estuaries, freshwater input is the main driver of the long-term (order of months) circulation through the addition of buoyancy. The above definition of an estuary applies to temperate (classical) estuaries but is irrelevant for arid, tropical and subtropical basins. Arid basins and those forced intermittently by freshwater exhibit hydrodynamics that are consistent with those of classical estuaries and yet have little or no freshwater influence. The loss of freshwater through evaporation is the primary forcing agent in some arid systems, and causes the development of longitudinal density gradients, in analogy to temperate estuaries. Most of this book deals with temperate estuaries, but low-inflow estuaries are discussed in detail in Chapter 9.
High‐frequency interferon‐γ‐secreting splenocytes specific for murine cytomegalovirus immediate‐early‐1 (IE‐1) peptide 168YPHFMPTNL176 are insufficient to provide complete protection from viral challenge

Infection of Balb/c mice with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) has been used extensively as a model system with which to study host mechanisms of immunity to cytomegaloviruses. In this model, the cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CTL) response crucial for clearing infected cells is dominated by CTLs specific for the MCMV nonapeptide 168YPHFMPTNL176 encoded by the immediate‐early 1 (IE‐1) gene. The intradermal injection of plasmid pcDNA89 encoding IE‐1 has been shown to offer some protection from viral challenge. In the present studies, the protective efficacy of immunisation with pcDNA89 given by intradermal injection was compared with particle‐mediated DNA delivery (PMDD) and contrasted with that induced by injection with the K181 MCMV strain and with temperature‐sensitive mutants (tsm) derived from the K181 strain. Modest protection was afforded by pcDNA89 immunisation given by PMDD, but none was observed after intradermal injection. PMDD immunisation induced a frequency of 168YPHFMPTNL176‐specific interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐secreting splenocytes, which was equivalent to that after K181 infection and significantly higher than tsm immunisation. Whereas tsm‐immunised mice were completely protected from MCMV challenge, PMDD‐immunised mice were only weakly protected. Tsm immunisation protected mice completely against challenge with natural isolates having sequence variation in the IE‐1 nonapeptide, while PMDD‐immunised mice were weakly protected from isolates encoding 168YPHFMPTNL176 and were not protected against isolates encoding 168YPHFMPPSL176 or 168YLDFMPPNL176. Thus, while IE‐1‐specific IFN‐γ‐secreting splenocytes do contribute to immunity from MCMV challenge, their presence in isolation is insufficient to provide complete protection and they may not be involved in the protection observed against MCMV isolates having IE‐1 sequence variation. J. Med. Virol. 69:240–250, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From functional to structural connectivity using partial correlation in neuronal assemblies

Objective. Our goal is to re-introduce an optimized version of the partial correlation to infer structural connections from functional-effective ones in dissociated neuronal cultures coupled to microelectrode arrays. Approach. We first validate our partialization procedure on in silico networks, mimicking different experimental conditions (i.e., different connectivity degrees and number of nodes) and comparing the partial correlation’s performance with two gold-standard methods: cross-correlation and transfer entropy. Afterwards, to infer the structural connections in in vitro neuronal networks where the ground truth is unknown, we propose a thresholding heuristic approach. Then, to validate whether the partialization process correctly reconstructs macroscopic features of the network structure, we extract a modularity index from segregated in silico and in vitro models. Finally, as a case study, we apply our partialization procedure to analyze connectivity and topology on spontaneous developing and electrically stimulated in vitro cultures. Main results. In simulated networks, partial correlation outperforms cross-correlation and transfer entropy at low and medium connectivity degrees, not only in relatively small (60 nodes) but also in larger (120–240 nodes) assemblies. Furthermore, partial correlation correctly identifies interconnected neuronal sub-populations and allows one to derive network topology in in vitro cortical networks. Significance. Our results support the idea that partial correlation is a good method for connectivity studies and can be applied to derive topological and structural features of neuronal assemblies.
Under-treatment of cancer pain

Purpose of reviewCancer pain remains inadequately treated, despite internationally accepted management guidelines and a myriad of treatment options. Risk factors for undertreatment are reviewed, along with possible explanations. Recent studies documenting the scope of the problem as well as investigating solutions are discussed with clinical-practice recommendations outlined. Recent findingsWomen over 65 years of age representative of a cultural minority, with earlier stage disease, cared for at home, and with high-school education or less are at highest risk of having uncontrolled cancer pain. Optimal treatment is impeded by patients' maladaptive beliefs, nonadherence, underreporting or miscommunication with caregivers; from a healthcare provider perspective, it may be due to inadequate assessment, documentation, knowledge, and communication. Emerging data support the vital influence of lay caregivers on appropriate pain management. Although home-education programs may decrease pain and improve quality of life, there are also less intensive approaches deliverable by individuals to holistically address pain. SummaryProspective study of barriers to both delivery and receipt of adequate pain management is needed, as the majority of published literature is based on survey studies. Treatment must be individualized based on clinical circumstances and patient wishes, with the goal of maximizing function and quality of life.