Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Curcumin on Tumor Growth and Muscle Mass in a Mouse Model of Cancer Cachexia

455 B otanical foods contain a large and heterogeneous group of biologically active compounds called phytochemicals. Foods rich in polyphenolic compounds, which include the catechins in green tea, the flavanoids in highly colored fruits and vegetables, and curcuminoids in tumeric, have antioxidant qualities and are thought to be health-promoting (Ferrari, 2004). The compounds also reduce expression or activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (cOX-2). cOX is the rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of arachidonic acid; increased expression of the cOX-2 isoform of cOX is responsible for increased synthesis of eicosanoid mediators of the inflammatory response. most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsAiDs) work by inhibiting cOX activity. A large body of evidence supports findings that suggest increased expression of cOX-2 is associated with tumor growth and that chronic ingestion of nsAiDs reduces the incidence of Effects of Curcumin on Tumor Growth and Muscle Mass in a Mouse Model of Cancer Cachexia
Analogues for the railway network of Great Britain

In recent years (2013–2016), extreme weather events have caused substantial disruption to Great Britain's (GB's) railway infrastructure. In the coming decades this vulnerability is unlikely to subside as the effects of climate change become more intense. Railway stakeholders in GB are strongly engaged with understanding climate change impacts on the railway system and how the industry could adapt to these impacts. Since 2010, Network Rail and RSSB have supported research into these topics under the Tomorrow's Railway and Climate Change Adaptation programme. Under this programme, an analogue study was performed to determine whether lessons could be learned from other countries' weather management. Two types of analogue were used to identify suitable locations. First, climate data from 20 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) were used to identify regions with similar present‐day climate to that projected for GB in the future. The analogue locations were found to be largely insensitive to the climate indicators and the methods used to compare climate at different locations. Next, railway networks in many countries were studied to find those with similar physical and operational characteristics to the GB network. The regions with both climate and railway analogues are France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Denmark. As part of a wider aim to support the GB railway network's weather resilience and climate change adaptation (WR/CCA) activities, focused stakeholder engagement has been undertaken with representatives of most of these countries' railways. This targeted approach is complementary to a broader collation of existing WR/CCA measures used globally.
COMPARISON OF AASHTO STRUCTURAL EVALUATION TECHNIQUES USING NONDESTRUCTIVE DEFLECTION TESTING

Two approaches for evaluating the structural capacity of asphalt concrete pavements from nondestructive deflection data are presented in the newly revised AASHTO Guide. Both procedures should ideally yield similar results, but studies to confirm this have not been performed. This paper describes a study undertaken by the authors to compare the two techniques. Deflection data from 1,049 tests performed on 55 homogeneous pavement sections were used. Structural capacities were calculated according to both AASHTO techniques in terms of the structural number (SN) value. On the basis of comparisons of the resulting SN values, it was concluded that both AASHTO techniques predict similar capacities. However, the computational time, required effort, and amount of information generated by each method are significantly different. Therefore, selection of the particular evaluation technique for use in a given project should be based on a clear understanding of the type of information required.
Correcting students’ written grammatical errors: The effects of negotiated versus nonnegotiated feedback

A substantial number of studies have examined the effects of grammar correction on second language (L2) written errors. However, most of the existing research has involved unidirectional written feedback. This classroom-based study examined the effects of oral negotiation in addressing L2 written errors. Data were collected in two intermediate adult English as a second language classes. Three types of feedback were compared: nonnegotiated direct reformulation, feedback with limited negotiation (i.e., prompt + reformulation) and feedback with negotiation. The linguistic targets chosen were the two most common grammatical errors in English: articles and prepositions. The effects of feedback were measured by means of learner-specific error identification/correction tasks administered three days, and again ten days, after the treatment. The results showed an overall advantage for feedback that involved negotiation. However, a comparison of data per error types showed that the differential effects of feedback types were mainly apparent for article errors rather than preposition errors. These results suggest that while negotiated feedback may play an important role in addressing L2 written errors, the degree of its effects may differ for different linguistic targets.
Explaining Welfare to Work Transitions Among the Unemployed

This paper uses data from the General Customer Survey (GCS) to examine patterns of movement off the benefit system among recipients of Newstart Allowance and Parenting Payment. The analysis covers the first three waves of the GCS, which commenced in March 2000 and follows recipients after they left the welfare system. Survey participants are separated into welfare system ‘Stayers’ and ‘Leavers’ and the characteristics of these two groups are examined in an attempt to identify the factors that differ between them. The analysis suggests that a number of personal attributes are important, including age, gender, the presence of young children and benefit duration. These are supplemented by other variables, including the level of earnings at wave I, use of the internet to find work, housing costs, non-housing debt and assessment of location. Some support is also found for the role of participation in an Activity Agreement, although the impact of this variable is compounded with that of age. There is also some weak support for the stepping stone hypothesis, in that participation in study or volunteer work are both positively associated with subsequent movement off of the welfare system.
Cosmogenic gamma-rays and neutrinos constrain UHECR source models

We use CRPropa 3 to show how the expected cosmogenic neutrino and gamma-ray spectra depend on the maximum energy of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at their sources, on the spectral index at injection and on the chemical composition of UHECRs. The isotropic diffuse gamma-ray background measured by Fermi/LAT is already close to touching upon a model with co-moving source evolution and with the chemical composition, spectral index and maximum acceleration energy optimized to provide the best fit to the UHECR spectrum and composition measured by the Pierre Auger Collaboration. Additionally, the detectable fraction of protons present at the highest energies in UHECRs, for experiments with sensitivities to the single-flavor neutrino flux at $\sim1$ EeV in the range of $\sim 10^{-8}$ - $10^{-10}$ GeV cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ sr$^{-1}$, is shown as a function of the evolution of UHECR sources. Experiments that reach this sensitivity will be able to significantly constrain the proton fraction for realistic source evolution models.
Communication Strategies Used By Omani EFL Students

This study investigated the use of communication strategies (CSs) by 60 students of English as a foreign language (EFL) at Ibri College of Technology in Oman. The study was qualitative in nature. Data elicited from audio recordings of picture description task and semi-structured interview have been categorized according to a taxonomy compiled from various pre-existing taxonomies of such strategies. The results obtained show considerable variation across the range of CSs used by Omani students. Further investigation indicated learners’ levels of proficiency influenced the use of communication strategies, with higher proficiency learners making more use of approximation and circumlocution, while lower proficiency learners used more avoidance strategies and L1-based strategies.
Tests of a Fama-French Five-Factor Asset Pricing Model in the Nordic Stock Markets

This study investigates whether a Fama-French five-factor asset pricing model can explain average returns in the Nordic markets. Further, this study compares the fivefactor asset pricing model’s performance to that of a CAPM and Fama-French threefactor model. The study rejects all models’ descriptions of average returns on the sample. All models perform well in explaining the average returns of portfolios sorted on size and book-to-market ratio, and portfolios sorted on size and investment. However, the models have large difficulties in explaining the average returns of portfolios sorted on size and profitability. While the five-factor model provides a more mean-variance efficient portfolio from its explanatory variables, it fails to improve the intercepts produced in regressions on three factors. Moreover, this study provides more evidence of a disappearing size effect and finds that small stocks in the Nordic markets generally have lower market betas than big stocks.
The Fertility of Palestinian Women in Gaza, the West Bank, Jordan and Lebanon

Resume Cet article presente un tableau en grande partie descriptif de la fecondite des populations palestiniennes residant dans quatre zones : la Cisjordanie, la bande de Gaza, la Jordanie et le Liban. L’evolution et les differences de la fecondite et du recours a la contraception ont pu etre analysees grâce a des donnees de qualite issues d’enquetes a l’echelle des menages. Les questions relatives a la reproduction chez les refugies palestiniens sont une preoccupation politique majeure car l’avenir demographique des Palestiniens est en grande partie determine par leur fecondite. Les resultats montrent que le statut de refugie ne peut plus etre considere comme une caracteristique fondamentale discriminante de la fecondite palestinienne. D’un cote, les variations des indicateurs de fecondite sont beaucoup plus importantes d’une zone a l’autre que celles entre les refugiees et les non-refugiees a l’interieur des differentes zones. De l’autre, les populations refugiees se sont differenciees avec le temps, celles qui vivent hors des camps ayant des comportements de fecondite differents de celles qui resident dans les camps. De ce fait, la distinction entre les refugies selon qu’ils vivent ou non dans les camps reste partout pertinente, independamment du statut legal ou presume qu’ont les refugies dans les differentes zones.
Integrating the Broadcast Media in Teaching Strategies of Learning ESL in Malaysia

This paper calls for a broader partnership between the media and education essentially, integrating the broadcast media in teaching learning strategies to students of ESL in Malaysia. Given the relevant motivation, employing language learning strategies enhances and facilitates second language learning by making learning easier, faster, interesting, self-directing and ensures improved competence and performance. Studies have proved that motivation is closely related to second language learning as it stimulates both high frequency and appropriate use of language learning strategies. Our major concern in this paper is to emphasise that, we can integrate the media especially the television and Radio to teach the appropriate use of language learning strategies among the ESL Malaysian students. The broadcast media in Malaysia can be used in both creating awareness as well as teaching students on using language learning strategies appropriately and provide them with the required motivation for positive attitudes towards English language learning. Keywords: Learning strategies, Motivation, Broadcast media, English as a second language
Mapping wave set-up near a complex geometric urban coastline

Abstract. Wave induced set-up is a process that leads to increased water levels in coastal regions. When coupled with storm conditions, wave set-up – or, for brevity, set-up – can significantly increase the risk of flooding or structural damage and therefore is of particular importance when considering coastal management or issues related to the planning of nearshore infrastructures. Here, we investigate the effects of set-up in the coastal region of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, close to Tallinn, Estonia, although the results will have wider relevance for many other areas. Due to a lack of continuous wave data we employ modelling to provide input data using a calculation scheme based on a high-resolution (470 m) spectral wave model WAM to replicate spatial patterns of wave properties based on high-quality, instrument-measured wind data from the neighbourhood of the study site. The results indicate that for the specific geometry of coastline under consideration, there is a variation in set-up which is strongly affected by wind direction. The maximum set-up values are up to 70–80 cm in selected locations. This is more than 50% of the all-time maximum water level and thus may serve as a substantial source of marine hazard for several low-lying regions around the city. Wind directions during storms have changed in recent years and, with climate variability potentially increasing, these results will encourage further tests which may be used in a policy setting regarding defences or other structures in and around coastlines. In particular, with urban development now taking place in many coastal regions (including the one within this study) these results have implications for local planners. They may also be incorporated into new storm warning systems.
Regional Economic Growth in Hungary 1998-2005: What Does Really Matter in Clusters?

Although industry clusters are major targets of regional economic development in less developed regions as well, we still need a deeper understanding of how the spatial clustering of firms generates dynamics in lagging regions. These latter environments may differ from the typical cluster policy examples that are usually specialised global centres of dynamically growing industries. Using census-type data of Hungarian firms, we test the effect of major cluster indicators — regional specialisation and spatial concentration of industries — and the impact of FDI on regional productivity and employment growth in Hungary. Our results suggest that regional specialisation does not affect regional growth, while the spatial concentration of industries is found to influence productivity and employment growth with an overwhelmingly negative effect. Furthermore, regional employment growth is associated negatively with the initial level of regional specialisation. Results suggest that Hungary has evolved into a dual economy in which previously specialised regions and geographically concentrated industries have lost their pace, while the main factor that favoured regional economic growth was the presence of large foreign companies. Therefore, economic policies fostering regional specialisation and the spatial concentration of industries — such as cluster policy — may have minor effects unless the interaction of foreign-owned and domestic companies is encouraged.
Speech Production of Trilingual Children: A Study on Their Transfers in Terms of Content and Function Words and the Effect of Their L1

The present study investigated the speech production of trilingual children whose L1 was either Greek or Albanian and their L3 was English. Since this specific combination of languages has not been widely studied in current literature this study can contribute to our knowledge and the teaching of these children. Moreover, research into transfers from content and function words could help us comprehend the different roles word classes have in trilingual speakers since Paradis (2009) has suggested that the tendency to transfer function words from L2, rather than from L1, into L3 supports the idea that content words and function words have the same status in an L2 but not in L1. Also, although content words are often transferred from both L1 and L2 into L3, studies have indicated that function words are mainly transferred from the L2 and not from the L1 (Ringbom, 1987; Sjogren, 2000; Stedje, 1977). The aim of this study was to find out the source language of our participants’ transfers, whether there would be any influence of our speakers’ L1 or L2 on Content and Function words, as well as whether cross-linguistic influence had any effect on Content and Function words, following Cenoz (2001). The participants of our study were asked to narrate a picture story in their third language and the main source of their transfers was surveyed. Also, the ratio of Content to Function words and the effect of the children’s L1 was investigated since former research showed function words are mainly transferred from the L2 and not from the L1. The results of this study showed that the main source of transfer was Greek (whether as an L1 or an L2) and that the children’s transfers were mainly from content words. Finally, the ratio of Greek content/ function words was found to be greater for those children whose L1 is Greek compared to the children whose L1 is Albanian.
Effectiveness of Corporate Governance Mechanisms: A Review of the Literature

The key players in corporate governance worldwide are often associated with their potential for enhancing corporate governance practices. This paper presents a review of academic research concerning the effectiveness of these players. Given the importance of these key players, as emphasized by the regulators in most countries, it is crucial to explore their contributions, as documented in the literature. Hence, fundamental insights for analysing the inputs that contribute to their effectiveness, as well as the processes and the outcomes of their effectiveness are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, there is limited evidence that discusses the effectiveness of these players from the perspective of process issues. However, as such studies pertaining to the process issues are important for understanding how they actually perform their roles and enhance their effectiveness, more studies that focus on the process issues are suggested for future research to provide a better understanding of the effectiveness of key players. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Key Players, Effectiveness, Inputs, Process, OutcomesJEL Classification: G30
Using the Mbes for classification of riverbed sediments

For keeping the Dutch rivers suitable for commercial activities measures are required. For example, the bottom of the river Waal, connecting Rotterdam with German industrial areas, is subsiding. Since the subsidence varies along the river, dangerous shoals occur. Sediment suppletions are planned to counteract the subsidence. Appropriate suppletion material is expected to keep the bottom more stable. To monitor the suppletion effectiveness, multibeam‐echosounder (MBES) measurements are planned, allowing for simultaneous estimation of bathymetry and sediment composition. For the latter, we apply a method employing the MBES backscatter data. It estimates the number of sediment types present in the survey area and discriminates between them by applying the Bayes decision rule for multiple hypotheses, implicitly accounting for the backscatter strength ping‐to‐ping variability. The method's applicability was demonstrated in a well‐surveyed test area (North Sea). In 2007, MBES measurements were acquired at the Waal, accompanied with extensive sediment grabbing. Contrary to the test area, water depths are very shallow and significant bottom slopes exist, requiring corrections. The lower water depths correspond to smaller beam‐footprints, resulting in a higher ping‐to‐ping variability. Consequently the discriminating power between sediments will decrease. The performance of the classification method for this river environment is assessed.
The Role of Gender in Test-Taking Motivation under Low-Stakes Conditions.

Examinee effort can impact the validity of scores on higher education assessments. Many studies of examinee effort have briefly noted gender differences, but gender differences in test-taking effort have not been a primary focus of research. This review of the literature brings together gender-related findings regarding three measures of examinee motivation: attendance at the assigned testing session, time spent on each test item, and self-reported effort. Evidence from the literature is summarized, with some new results presented. Generally, female examinees exert more effort, with differences mostly at very low levels of effort—the levels at which effort is most likely to impact test scores. Examinee effort is positively correlated with conscientiousness and agreeableness, and negatively correlated with workavoidance. The gender differences in these constructs may account for some of the gender differences in test-taking effort. Limitations and implications for higher education assessment practice are discussed.