Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Hamartomas: A Report of 13 Parenchymal and Endobronchial Cases

INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hamartoma is a rare benign tumor of the lung, accounting for 3% of all tumors of the lung (1). The term hamartoma was first introduced by Albrecht in 1904 to describe tumor-like malformations resulting from a presumptive development abnormality. In 1934, Goldsworthy applied this term to benign tumors located in the lung that were predominantly composed of a combination of fat and cartilage (2). According to different autopsy studies, the incidence of pulmonary hamartomas is between 0.025% and 0.32% (3). Pulmonary hamartomas are divided into parenchymal, generally asymptomatic and endobronchial, clinically manifesting as a result of tracheobronchial obstruction (4). Endobronchial group account for 1–20% of all pulmonary hamartomas (3, 4). The aim of this study is to analyze clinical, radiographic, bronchoscopic, and therapeutic characteristics of the patients with pulmonary hamartoma.
Detection of multiple human papillomavirus types in condylomata acuminata from immunosuppressed patients.

Using the hybrid capture method, condylomata acuminata from healthy patients (controls) and patients with altered cell-mediated immunity were analyzed for multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA: 82.9% and 38.0% of lesions from 41 controls and 21 patients, respectively, were HPV DNA-positive only with probes for low-risk HPV types (P = .00035). Using probes for both low- and high-risk HPV types, 16.3% and 52.3% of lesions from 43 controls and 21 patients, respectively, were positive for both probes (P = .0038). Evidence of multiple HPV types was also found by Southern blot and in situ hybridization studies. The mean HPV copy number detected by either probe did not differ significantly among patient groups. Using sensitive techniques, such as hybrid capture, multiple HPV types, including those associated with genital malignancy, can be detected in condylomata acuminata. Serial biopsies demonstrate the dynamic nature of genital HPV infection and that changes in the predominant HPV types may be reflected in tissue pathology.
Evaluating ET Estimation, Capacitance Sensors and Deficit Irrigation in the Upper Midwest

During the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons, research was conducted on a 'Providence' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) sand green at the University of Minnesota St. Paul campus to evaluate the use of ECH20 capacitance soil moisture sensors and FAO 56 ET (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Evapotranspiration) estimation in scheduling turfgrass irrigation by applying prescribed irrigation treatments based on replacement of 100% actual ET loss and either 100% or 80% of FAO 56 estimated ET loss in a series of four 10 day experiments. Turf quality and soil moisture response to deficit irrigation treatments were also assessed. FAO 56 ET estimation accurately predicted actual ET, and a summer crop coefficient (kc) of 0.98 wa s calculated. ECH20 probes were highly sensitive to changes in soil moisture. There were no significant differences in root zone water storage fluctuation between treatments. Lysimetry and sensor data indicated the presence of a substantial thatch effect on irrigation infiltration and ET loss. Daily irrigation consistently wetted the soil no deeper than 10 cm. There were no statistical differences in turf quality between irrigation treatments in any experiment, suggesting that replacement of 80% of actual ET is sufficient to maintain acceptable daily irrigated creeping bentgrass in Minnesota.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Abscisic Acid-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Acts Downstream of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Leaves of Maize Plants1

The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defense was investigated in leaves of maize (Zea mays) plants. Treatments with ABA or H2O2 induced the activation of a 46-kD MAPK and enhanced the expression of the antioxidant genes CAT1, cAPX, and GR1 and the total activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Such enhancements were blocked by pretreatment with several MAPK kinase inhibitors and reactive oxygen species inhibitors or scavengers. Pretreatment with MAPK kinase inhibitors also substantially arrested the ABA-induced H2O2 production after 2 h of ABA treatment, but did not affect the levels of H2O2 within 1 h of ABA treatment. Pretreatment with several inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase, which is believed to be a negative regulator of MAPK, only slightly prevented the ABA-induced H2O2 production, but did not affect the ABA-induced MAPK activation and ABA-enhanced antioxidant defense systems. These results clearly suggest that MAPK but not protein tyrosine phosphatase is involved in the ABA-induced antioxidant defense, and a cross talk between H2O2 production and MAPK activation plays a pivotal role in the ABA signaling. ABA-induced H2O2 production activates MAPK, which in turn induces the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of MAPK also enhances the H2O2 production, forming a positive feedback loop.
Early Virus-Associated Bystander Events Affect the Fitness of the CD8 T Cell Response to Persistent Virus Infection1

Chronic Ag exposure during persistent viral infection erodes virus-specific CD8 T cell numbers and effector function, with a concomitant loss of pathogen control. Less clear are the respective contributions of Ag-specific and Ag-nonspecific (bystander) events on the quantity, quality, and maintenance of antiviral CD8 T cells responding to persistent virus infection. In this study, we show that low-dose inoculation with mouse polyomavirus (PyV) elicits a delayed, but numerically equivalent, antiviral CD8 T cell response compared with high-dose inoculation. Low-dose infection generated virus-specific CD8 T cells endowed with multicytokine functionality and a superior per cell capacity to produce IFN-γ. PyV-specific CD8 T cells primed by low-dose inoculation also expressed higher levels of IL-7Rα and bcl-2 and possessed enhanced Ag-independent survival. Importantly, the quantity and quality of the antiviral CD8 T cell response elicited by dendritic cell-mediated immunization were mitigated by infection with a mutant PyV lacking the dominant CD8 T cell viral epitope. These findings suggest that the fitness of the CD8 T cell response to persistent virus infection is programmed in large part by early virus-associated Ag-nonspecific factors, and imply that limiting bystander inflammation at the time of inoculation, independent of Ag load, may optimize adaptive immunity to persistent viral infection.
Improvement of Pain Treatment After Major Abdominal Surgery by Intravenous S(+)-Ketamine

The use of intraoperative racemic ketamine for pain prevention after abdominal surgery is controversial. We compared one preincisional IV injection of S(+)-ketamine with its preincisional and repeated intraoperative use in 45 patients undergoing surgery with epidural and general anesthesia. S(+)-ketamine is a new drug formulation that contains the more potent S(+)-stereoisomer of ketamine. Patients were randomized to receive placebo, 0.5 mg/kg preincisional S(+)ketamine, or 0.5 mg/kg preincisional and 0.2 mg/kg intraoperative S(+)-ketamine repeated at 20-min intervals. In the postoperative period, epidural ropivacaine (2 mg/mL; 0.12 mL · kg−1 · h−1) was infused for pain therapy. Patients who received repeated S(+)-ketamine reported smaller pain scores than those who received placebo after awakening and 3 and 6 h later (P ≤ 0.05). Fewer patients with repeated S(+)-ketamine required additional analgesics than those with placebo (P ≤ 0.05). Cumulative consumption of additional diclofenac and dextropropoxyphene at 24 h was less after single (P < 0.05) and repeated (P < 0.05) S(+)-ketamine versus placebo. After awakening, patients who received repeated S(+)-ketamine reported being in a better mood than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). No psychotomimetic side effects were noted. In conclusion, preincisional and repeated intraoperative small-dose S(+)-ketamine added to general and epidural anesthesia causes better postoperative pain relief than general and epidural anesthesia alone.
Myelin basic protein‐positive nerve fibres in human Meissner corpuscles

Myelinated nerve fibres forming sensory corpuscles become amyelinic before entering the corpuscle. Interestingly, in Meissner corpuscles from monkey myelin basic protein (MBP), a specific component of myelin sheath co‐localized with neuronal markers. To investigate whether or not this also occurs in human digital Meissner corpuscles, we used single and double immunohistochemistry to detect MBP associated with axonic (protein gene product (PGP) 9.5) or Schwann and Schwann‐related cell (S100 protein) markers. We also studied these markers in Pacinian corpuscles. Nerve fibres immunoreactive for MBP were detected in about 25% of the Meissner corpuscles examined; however, MBP never co‐localized with PGP 9.5 and MBP occasionally co‐localized with S100 protein. MBP‐immunoreactive fibres associated with Meissner corpuscles were observed at the periphery of the lamellar cells or within the corpuscle between the lamellar cells. These results describe the distribution of myelinated nerve fibres expressing MBP in human Meissner corpuscles, which is important when studying Meissner corpuscles in cutaneous biopsies used for the diagnosis of peripheral and degenerative neuropathies.
Block Copolymer as a Nanostructuring Agent for High‐Efficiency and Annealing‐Free Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

The addition of a block copolymer to the polymer/fullerene blend is a novel approach to the fabrication of organic solar cells. The block copolymer (P3HT-b-P4VP) is used as nanostructuring agent in the active layer. A significant enhancement of the cell efficiency is observed, in correlation with morphology control, both before (as-cast) and after the annealing process.
Intramedullary Nailing: Evolutions of Femoral Intramedullary Nailing: First to Fourth Generations

Intramedullary femoral nailing is the gold standard for femoral shaft fixation but only in the past 27 years. This rapid replacement of closed traction and cast techniques in North America was a controversial and contentious evolution in surgery. As we enter the fourth generation of implant design, capabilities, and surgical technique, it is important to understand the driving forces for this technology. These forces included changes in radiographic imaging capabilities, biomaterial design and computer-assisted manufacturing, and the recognition of the importance of mobilization of the trauma patient to avoid systemic complications and optimize functional recovery.
Prospective evaluation of implants connected to teeth.

PURPOSE This prospective clinical trial examined the effect on teeth and implants when rigidly or non-rigidly connected in a cross-arch model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients received 2 implants, 1 on each side of the mandible, and were restored with 3-unit fixed partial dentures connected either rigidly or non-rigidly to an abutment tooth. Patients were followed for at least 5 years post-restoration. RESULTS Repeated-measures analysis revealed no significant difference in crestal bone loss at implants (rigid versus non-rigid methods). An overall significant difference (P < .001) was found comparing methods for teeth. Paired t tests revealed no significant differences in crestal bone levels for implants or teeth at the 5-year recall. Kaplan-Meier methods and the Cox proportional hazards model showed no differences between attachment methods with regard to success based on survival and bone loss criteria. During the 5-year recall period, 1 implant (rigid side) was removed. Four implants developed bone loss greater than 2 mm during the course of this trial. One tooth on the rigid side and 2 teeth on the non-rigid side had greater than 2 mm of crestal bone loss and were removed secondary to fractures. In all, 5 abutment teeth were removed, all of which had been treated with root canal therapy and fractured at the interface of the post within the tooth. There was no clear relationship of tooth fracture to attachment. Repeated-measures analysis of mobility values revealed no significant changes over the time course of this study, and paired t tests revealed no statistically significant differences between implants for mobility. Repeated-measures analysis and paired t tests for probing depth revealed no significant changes over the time course of this study. There were no significant differences in soft tissue indices for either attachment method. The percentage of patients who had measurable intrusion was 66% for the non-rigid group, and 44% for the rigid group; 25% of the non-rigid teeth had greater than 0.5 mm intrusion, compared with 12.5% for the rigid group. For the 2 time periods evaluated, there was no significant increase in intrusion over time. The non-rigid-side implant required more nonscheduled visits to treat problems than the rigid implant and the teeth. DISCUSSION Most patients were treated successfully with rigid or non-rigid attachment of implants to teeth. CONCLUSION The high incidence of intrusion and non-scheduled patient visits suggest that alternative treatments without connecting implants to teeth may be indicated.
Attention during Lectures: Beyond Ten Minutes

Many authors claim that students' attention declines approximately 10 to 15 min into lectures. To evaluate this claim, we reviewed several types of studies including studies of student note taking, observations of students during lectures, and self-reports of student attention, as well as studies using physiological measures of attention. We found that the research on which this estimate is based provides little support for the belief that students' attention declines after 10 to 15 min. Most studies failed to account for individual differences in attention. Our findings indicate that instructors should take into account individual differences in student attention when lecturing and determine whether students are recording the relevant content of the lecture in their notes.
SN 2008gz - most likely a normal type IIP event

We present BV RI photometric and low-resolution spectroscopic investigation of a type II core-collapse supernova (SN) 2008gz, which occurred in a star forming arm and within a half-light radius (solar metallicity region) of a nearby spiral galaxy NGC 3672. The SN event was detected late, and a detailed investigation of its light curves and spectra spanning 200 days suggest that it is an event of type IIP similar to archetypal SNe 2004et and 1999em. However, in contrast to other events of its class, the SN 2008gz exhibits rarely observed V magnitude drop of 1.5 over the period of a month during plateau to nebular phase. Using 0.21 mag of AV as a lower limit and a distance of 25.5 —
Prevalence of Ovine Fasciolosis and Loss Due to Liver Condemnation at Bahir Dar Town , Ethiopia

Ovine fasciolosis in Ethiopia is prevalent and causes a significant economic loss. The area around Bahir Dar is surrounded by Lake Tana and river Abay, where it is more prone to such parasitic diseases. Although the area is conducive for ovine fasciolosis, there is lack of information about the prevalence and economic loss attributes to fasciolosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2011 up to March, 2012 to determine the abattoir based prevalence, to point out associated risk factors of the disease and to estimate financial loss due to liver condemnation in sheep slaughtered in Bahir Dar. Five hundred seventy six animals were selected by a systematic random sampling method. Coprological examination for the identification of eggs and post mortem examination for the detection of adult parasite were used. Out of 576 sheep studied, the overall prevalence of ovine fasciolosis was 8.5% and 10.6% through coprological and postmortem examination methods, respectively. There was virtually perfect agreement between the two methods (Kappa=0.88). Fachiola hepatica was the predominant species observed. The study revealed significantly higher prevalence in adult sheep than young ones (P<0.05); however, sex and body condition didn’t show significant difference (P>0.05) in the prevalence of ovine fasciolosis. With regard to the intensity of pathological lesions, F. gigantica is found to be more severe as compared to that of F. hepatica. The direct financial loss incurred due to liver condemnation was estimated to be 2,968.00 Ethiopian birr (US $178.08) per annum. Finally, results of the current study suggests that ovine fasciolosis significantly affects the health and productivity of sheep in the area. Hence, appropriate disease control measures need to be implemented to address the setback.
The CafA Protein Required for the 5′-Maturation of 16 S rRNA Is a 5′-End-dependent Ribonuclease That Has Context-dependent Broad Sequence Specificity*

The CafA protein, which was initially described as having a role in either Escherichia colicell division or chromosomal segregation, has recently been shown to be required for the maturation of the 5′-end of 16 S rRNA. The sequence of CafA is similar to that of the N-terminal ribonucleolytic half of RNase E, an essential E. coli enzyme that has a central role in the processing of rRNA and the decay of mRNA and RNAI, the antisense regulator of ColE1-type plasmids. We show here that a highly purified preparation of CafA is sufficient in vitro for RNA cutting. We detected CafA cleavage of RNAI and a structured region from the 5′-untranslated region of ompA mRNA within segments cleavable by RNaseE, but not CafA cleavage of 9 S RNA at its “a” RNase E site. The latter is consistent with the finding that the generation of 5 S rRNA from its 9 S precursor can be blocked by inactivation of RNase E in cells that are wild type for CafA. Interestingly, however, a decanucleotide corresponding in sequence to the a site of 9 S RNA was cut efficiently indicating that cleavage by CafA is regulated by the context of sites within structured RNAs. Consistent with this notion is our finding that although 23 S rRNA is stable in vivo, a segment from this RNA is cut efficient by CafA at multiple sites in vitro. We also show that, like RNase E cleavage, the efficiency of cleavage by CafA is dependent on the presence of a monophosphate group on the 5′-end of the RNA. This finding raises the possibility that the context dependence of cleavage by CafA may be due at least in part to the separation of a cleavable sequence from the 5′-end of an RNA. Comparison of the sites surrounding points of CafA cleavage suggests that this enzyme has broad sequence specificity. Together with the knowledge that CafA can cut RNAI andompA mRNA in vitro within segments whose cleavage in vivo initiates the decay of these RNAs, this finding suggests that CafA may contribute at some point during the decay of many RNAs in E. coli.
Alcohol consumption and flushing response in natives of Chukotka, Siberia.

OBJECTIVE Drinking patterns and flushing response were investigated among indigenous natives of Chukotka, Siberia (162 women, 139 men). The quantification of drinking behavior could be used for comparison with other northern peoples and as a baseline for future intervention. METHOD Interviews, physical examinations and blood tests were performed in the Chukotka region of Siberia. RESULTS 28% of the men and 4.5% of the women drank at least once per week. High doses per typical drinking occasion, which averaged 177.6 g of pure alcohol in men and 74.3 g in women, were reported; 10.3% of the men and 25.5% of the women reported that they experienced facial flushing after drinking. In most cases more than 20 g of alcohol was necessary to induce flushing, and two-thirds of the flushers were able to continue drinking after flushing began. No significant relationship between flushing and frequency and quantity of drinking and the prevalence of alcohol-related symptoms was found. There was a significant association between flushing by women and reports by them of their parent's flushing. CONCLUSIONS Flushing by Chukotka natives and its relationship to drinking behavior is different from Oriental ALDH2-deficient flushing.
Construction of a recombinant bovine leukemia virus vector for analysis of virus infectivity

A recombinant bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was constructed in which the X region was replaced with the bacterial neomycin resistance gene controlled by the simian virus 40 early promoter. This virus, termed BLV-SVNEO, is a self-packaging, activator-dependent retroviral vector. Introduction of the plasmid pBLV-SVNEO into mammalian cells resulted in constitutive expression of the neo gene, whereas the BLV structural genes, gag, pol, and env, were expressed only in the presence of the two regulatory proteins, Tax and Rex. The production and release of recombinant virus by cells transfected with pBLV-SVNEO were proportional to the number of G418-resistant colonies that developed after susceptible cells were exposed to the filtered culture medium. BLV-SVNEO was able to infect cell lines of human, bovine, canine, feline, and murine origin. BLV-producing cell lines were resistant to superinfection with BLV-SVNEO. This cell-virus system should facilitate molecular genetic studies of BLV and will provide a rapid, quantitative measure of BLV infectivity in a variety of cell types. These studies also demonstrate the feasibility of using activator-dependent retroviral vectors such as BLV-SVNEO to deliver foreign genes into cells and eventually animals.
Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome: A Rare Case Report

The Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial malformations and significant orodental abnormalities. A relative lack of dental literature regarding this syndrome has been noted. Most cases of Hallermann-Streiff syndrome occur randomly for unknown reasons and may be the result of mutations, or changes to the genetic material. A 15-year-old girl presented with almost all the classical signs of HSS except congenital cataract. A thorough medical and dental examination was performed. Opinion by the gynecologist, ophthalmologist and ENT specialist were considered. These patients require an interdisciplinary preventive treatment.
The Relationship between Treatment Objectives and Practice Patterns in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections

Objective. To describe physicians’ goals when treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the relationship between goals and practice patterns. Study design. Analysis of survey results. Population. Primary care physicians. Outcomes measured. Self-reported treatment objectives and practice patterns. Results. Most physicians reported their UTI management was convenient for the patient (81.3%). Fewer stated they minimized patients’ costs (53.4%), made an accurate diagnosis (56.7%), or avoided unnecessary antibiotics (40.9%). Physicians who stressed convenience or minimizing patient expenses were less likely to use many resources (urine culture, microscopic urinalysis, followup visits and tests, and prolonged antibiotic treatment) and more likely to use telephone treatment. Physicians who stressed accurate diagnoses or avoiding unnecessary antibiotics were more likely to use the same resources and less likely to use telephone treatment. Conclusion. UTI management goals vary across physicians and are associated with different clinical approaches. Differences in treatment objectives may help explain variations in practice patterns.
Identification of Human Rotavirus Strains with the P[14] Genotype by PCR

ABSTRACT A seminested PCR typing assay has been extended to identify rotavirus strains with the P[14] genotype. The specificity of the method was confirmed by Southern hybridization and by restriction analysis with the enzyme AluI. One out of four human rotavirus (HRV) strains with unusual subgroup-electropherotype linkage but none out of 50 HRV strains with usual linkage was typed as P[14].