Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Case‐control study of prostate cancer and socioeconomic factors

A total of 1,162 prostate cancer cases and 3,124 age‐matched hospital controls from several U.S. hospitals were studied to identify associations between prostate cancer and life‐style variables. Among white males, college education, professional occupation, and non‐Jewish ethnicity were weakly associated with the risk of prostate cancer (ORs = 1.5, 1.8, and 1.3, respectively, P < 0.01). These relationships retained statistical significance after adjustment for age, marital status, body mass, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity in multiple logistic regression models. Among black males, similar, though nonsignificant, risk elevations were observed for education and occupation. Weak positive effects of borderline statistical significance were observed for high body mass, low physical exercise, and high serum cholesterol (in elderly males only), and a significant reduction in risk was noted for never married black males. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were not related to the risk of prostate cancer.
Genetic effects on fatty acid composition of carcass fat of Japanese Black Wagyu steers.

Two hundred ninety-three Japanese Black Wagyu steers derived from 34 sires were used to investigate genetic effects on the fatty acid composition of carcass fat. All steers were fed identical diets for 365 d and slaughtered at similar ages. If the percentage of genetic contribution of sire A, B, or C was not lower than 25%, steers were classified into groups A, B, and C, respectively. Fatty acid compositions differed depending on deposit sites. Mean percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) tended to be higher in the outer parts than in the inner parts of the body. Percentage of MUFA in carcass fat was negatively correlated with withers height and BW and positively correlated with meat quality score and marbling score. Fatty acid compositions of the 34 sire groups varied, and mean percentages of MUFA in i.m. fat ranged from 47.71 to 54.77%. Steers in the C group grew larger than those in the A or B group. Mean percentages of MUFA for i.m. fat in the A, B, and C groups (52.83, 51.88, and 50.33%, respectively) differed (P < 0.05) from each other. Steers in the C group had higher (P < 0.05) percentages of saturated fatty acids than those in the A or B groups. Percentages of genetic contribution of sires B (P < 0.05) and C (P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with percentage of MUFA in i.m. fat. These results suggested that genetic factors affected fatty acid composition of carcass fat in Japanese Black Wagyu cattle and that some sires had potent genetic factors affecting this composition.
Selective loss of S-cones in diabetic retinopathy.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether selective cone loss could explain the acquired tritan-like color confusion found in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) was employed on paraffin sections of retinas from 5 donors with diabetic retinopathy. For quantitative analysis, postmortem retinas were obtained from 13 human donors; 7 from patients with various durations and stages of diabetic retinopathy (4 background, 3 proliferative) and 6 controls. Enzyme histochemical analysis for carbonic anhydrase (CA) was used to distinguish L/M-cones (positive for CA) from S-cones (negative for CA). Cone topography was determined by sampling 360 degrees from 0.1 to 1.5 mm of foveal eccentricity and along the horizontal meridians from 1.5 to 15.0 mm. RESULTS Rare cells in both the inner and outer nuclear layers of the diabetic eyes were positively labeled with the TUNEL method. The CA staining revealed incomplete and patchy losses of S-cones that were limited to the diabetic retinas. Statistically significant reduction in the density of S-cones was found at nearly all foveal eccentricities from 0.1 mm to 15.0 mm. This was not the case for the L/M-cones. On average, for all locations, the percentage of S-cones compared with L/M-cones was decreased by 21.0% +/- 3.4% with respect to the controls. CONCLUSION The S-cones selectively die in diabetic retinopathy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Selective loss of S-cones may contribute to the tritan-like color vision deficit seen in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Factors affecting Sexual Attitudes among Male High School Students in Korea

This study examined the sexual knowledge, contraceptive knowledge and sexual attitudes among male high school students. In addition, the factors that affect sexual attitudes of male high school students were investigated. As a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was conducted in G high school and an investigation carried out by a structured survey of 79 male high school students. The results are as follows: The subjects’ sexual attitude was positive as shown by its average was 2.25 (SD=0.32). The multiple regression analysis showed that sexual attitude was significantly predicted by sexual knowledge and contraceptive knowledge. These variables explained 35.2% of the variance of sexual attitudes of male high school students. Therefore, the provision of education on basic sexual knowledge and contraceptive knowledge can be an important factor in establishing appropriate sexual attitudes and values.
Developing a Short Form of Benton's Judgment of Line Orientation Test: An Item Response Theory Approach

The Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test was developed to be, in Arthur Benton's words, “as pure a measure of one aspect of spatial thinking, as could be conceived” (Benton, 1994, p. 53). The JLO test has been widely used in neuropsychological practice for decades. The test has a high test–retest reliability (Franzen, 2000), as well as good neuropsychological construct validity as shown through neuroanatomical localization studies (Tranel, Vianna, Manzel, Damasio, & Grabowski, 2009). Despite its popularity and strong psychometric properties, the full-length version of the test (30 items) has been criticized as being unnecessarily long (Straus, Sherman, & Spreen, 2006). There have been many attempts at developing short forms; however, these forms have been limited in their ability to estimate scores accurately. Taking advantage of a large sample of JLO performances from 524 neurological patients with focal brain lesions, we used techniques from item response theory (IRT) to estimate each item's difficulty and power to discriminate among various levels of ability. A random item IRT model was used to estimate the influence of item stimulus properties as predictors of item difficulty. These results were used to optimize the selection of items for a shorter method of administration that maintained comparability with the full form using significantly fewer items. This effectiveness of this method was replicated in a second sample of 82 healthy elderly participants. The findings should help broaden the clinical utility of the JLO and enhance its diagnostic applications.
Apigenin attenuates neointima formation via suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transformation

Abnormal proliferation, migration, and phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical factors in neointima formation during restenosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and possible cell signaling mechanisms of apigenin in VSMC activation induced by platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB and injury‐induced neointima formation. Our data revealed a dose‐dependent apigenin inhibition of PDGF‐BB‐induced proliferation of VSMCs by arresting cells in G0/G1‐phase of the cell cycle as determined using 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation and flow cytometry. This was associated with the inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4,6 expression and an increase in p27Kip1 levels in PDGF‐stimulated VSMCs. Moreover, apigenin was also found to regulate PDGF‐induced migration and expression of smooth‐muscle‐specific contractile markers. Mechanistically, the PDGF‐BB‐induced phosphorylation of PDGF‐receptor β (PDGF‐Rβ), Akt/glycogen synthase kinase(GSK)3β, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is negatively modulated by apigenin. For the in vivo studies using a mouse carotid arterial injury model, the administration of apigenin resulted in a significant inhibition of the neointima/media ratio and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive cells. These results demonstrate that apigenin can suppress PDGF‐induced VSMC activation and neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury; these beneficial effects are probably the result of the blockade of PDGF‐Rβ phosphorylation and its downstream signal transduction, including the Akt/GSK‐3β, ERK1/2, and STAT3 pathways. The results suggest that apigenin may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of restenosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1198–1207, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Helicobacter pylori and cagA seroprevalence in sub-Saharan inmigrants recently arrived to Gran Canaria (Spain)

Non-ulcerous dyspepsia is common among sub-Saharan people migrating into Spain. Given the high prevalence of H. pylori (HP) infection in their countries of origin, we studied the prevalence of infection in this population, and specifically the prevalence of infection by the more virulent, cagA-positive strains (CAP). 140 sub-Saharan immigrants recently arrived to Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) were studied. 80.7% were male, with a mean age of 24.2 y. 90.7% tested seropositive for HP and 72.2% of them carried antibodies against the ‘pathogenicity island’ cagA. We did not find any relationship between the presence of these antibodies and the clinical variables studied. We can conclude that HP infection is virtually universal in this population, with a high percentage of infection by CAP strains.
High-dose therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem-cell infusion for patients with multiple myeloma.

PURPOSE To evaluate the outcome of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who received high-dose therapy followed by autologous bone marrow (BM) or peripheral-blood stem-cell (PBSC) infusion. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-three consecutive patients with MM received autologous BM (n = 13) or PBSC with or without BM (n = 50) following regimens that contained busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) (n = 18), modified total-body irradiation (TBI) followed by Bu and Cy (n = 36), or Bu, melphalan, and thiotepa (n = 9). Two thirds of the patients had resistant disease and 69% had received more than 6 months of previous chemotherapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Recovery of peripheral-blood cell counts was more rapid in patients who received PBSC with or without BM than in patients who received BM alone. Sixteen of 63 patients (25%) died of complications of treatment within 100 days. Nineteen (40%) of 48 assessable patients achieved a complete response (CR), 23 (48%) had a partial response (PR), and six (12%) had no response. The probabilities of survival and survival without relapse or progression for all 63 patients at 3.0 years were . 43 and . 21, respectively. The probability of relapse or progression at 3 years was . 69, and 17 patients (27%) have died of progressive MM. The probabilities of survival and relapse-free survival at 3 years for the 19 patients who achieved a CR were . 42 and . 17, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, beta2-microglobulin levels more than 2.5 micrograms/mL, more than two regimens of prior therapy and eight cycles of treatment, time to transplant longer than 3 years from diagnosis, and prior radiation were associated with adverse outcomes. Additional strategies, such as intervention earlier in the disease course, improved treatment regimens, sequential high-dose treatments, and posttransplant therapies may improve outcome of selected patients with MM.
Patient-rated changes in fatigue over a 12-month period predict poor outcome in heart failure

predicted the combined endpoint of cardiovascular re-admission or death beyond the 12 month follow-up. In multivariable analysis, we included standard cardiac risk factors (age, sex, smoking, BMI, physical inactivity, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and diabetes), measures of disease severity (LVEF and NYHA class), and variables that predicted changes in fatigue.
Efficient visual navigation of hierarchically structured graphs

Visual navigation of hierarchically structured graphs is a technique for interactively exploring large graphs that possess an additional hierarchical structure. This structure is expressed in form of a recursive clustering of the nodes: in call graphs of telephone networks, for instance, the nodes are identified with phone numbers; they are clustered recursively through the implicit structure of the numbers, e. g. , nodes with the same area code belong to a cluster. In order to reduce the complexity and the size of the graph, only those subgraphs that are currently needed are shown in detail, while the others are collapsed, i. e. , represented by meta nodes. In such a graph view the subgraphs in the areas of interest are expanded furthest, whereas those on the periphery are abstracted. As the areas of interest change over time, clusters in a view need to be expanded or contracted. First and foremost, there is need for an efficient data structure for this graph view maintenance problem. Depending on the admissible modifications of the graph and its hierarchical clustering, three variants have been discussed in the literature: in the static case, everything is fixed; in the dynamic graph variant, only edges of the graph can be inserted and deleted; finally, in the dynamic graph and tree variant the graph additionally is subject to node insertions and deletions and the clustering may change through splitting and merging of clusters. We introduce a new variant, dynamic leaves, which is based on the dynamic graph variant, but additionally allows insertion and deletion of graph nodes, i. e. , leaves of the hierarchy. So far efficient data structures were known only for the static and the dynamic graph variant, i. e. , neither the nodes of the graph nor the clustering could be modified. As this is unsatisfactory in an interactive editor for hierarchically structured graphs, we first generalize the approach of Buchsbaum et. al (Proc. 8th ESA, vol. 1879 of LNCS, pp. 120–131, 2000), in which graph view maintenance is formulated as a special case of range searching over tree cross products, to the new dynamic leaves variant. This generalization builds on a novel technique of superimposing a search tree over an ordered list maintenance structure. With an additional factor of roughly O(log n/log log n), this is the first data structure for the problem of graph view maintenance where the node set is dynamic.
Effectiveness of a Scaled-Up Arthritis Self-Management Program in Oregon: Walk With Ease.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of Walk With Ease (WWE), an evidence-based arthritis self-management program that was scaled up in Oregon in 2012 to 2014. METHODS Guided by the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework, we collected participant surveys and attendance records and conducted observations. Preprogram and postprogram, participants self-reported pain and fatigue (scale: 0-10 points; high scores indicate more pain and fatigue) and estimated episodes of physical activity per week in the last month. RESULTS Recruitment successfully reached the targeted population-sedentary adults with arthritis (n = 598). Participants reported significant reduction in pain (-0.47 points; P = .006) and fatigue (-0.58 points; P = .021) and increased physical activity (0.86 days/week; P < .001). WWE was adopted by workplaces and medical, community, faith, and retirement centers. Most WWE programs were delivered with high fidelity; average attendance was 47%. CONCLUSIONS WWE is suitable for implementation by diverse organizations. Effect sizes for pain and fatigue were less than those in the original WWE studies, but this is to be expected for a large-scale implementation. Public Health Implications. WWE can be effectively translated to diverse, real-world contexts to help sedentary adults increase physical activity and reduce pain and fatigue.
Strychnine-Sensitive Glycine Receptors Mediate the Analgesic but Not Hypnotic Effects of Emulsified Volatile Anesthetics

The present study was designed to investigate the role of strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors in hypnosis and analgesia induced by emulsified volatile anesthetics. After having established the mice model of hypnosis and analgesia by intraperitoneally injecting (i.p.) appropriate doses of ether, enflurane, isoflurane or sevoflurane, we intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or intrathecally (i.t.) injected different doses of strychnine and then observed the effects on the sleeping time using the awaken test and the pain index in hot-plate test (HPPI) using the hot-plate test. In the awaken test, strychnine 1, 2, 4 µg (i.c.v.) had no distinctive effect on the sleeping time of the mice treated with the four emulsified inhalation anesthetics mentioned above (p > 0.05); in the hot-plate test, strychnine 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 µg (i.t.) can significantly and dose-dependently decrease the HPPI of the mice treated with emulsified ether, enflurane and sevoflurane (p < 0.05, p < 0.01); strychnine 0.1 µg (i.t.) did not affect the HPPI of the mice treated with emulsified isoflurane (p > 0.05), but 0.2 and 0.4 µg (i.t.) can significantly decrease the HPPI of the mice treatedwith emulsified isoflurane (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). These results suggest that strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors may contribute to the analgesic but not to the hypnotic effects induced by ether, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane.
Schizophrenia drug discovery and development in an evolving era: Are new drug targets fulfilling expectations?

Current therapeutics for schizophrenia, the typical and atypical antipsychotic class of drugs, derive their therapeutic benefit predominantly by antagonism of the dopamine D2 receptor subtype and have robust clinical benefit on positive symptoms of the disease with limited to no impact on negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. Driven by these therapeutic limitations of current treatments and the recognition that transmitter systems beyond the dopaminergic system in particular glutamatergic transmission contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia significant recent efforts have focused on the discovery and development of novel treatments for schizophrenia with mechanisms of action that are distinct from current drugs. Specifically, compounds selectively targeting the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 subtype, phosphodiesterase subtype 10, glycine transporter subtype 1 and the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor have been the subject of intense drug discovery and development efforts. Here we review recent clinical experience with the most advanced drug candidates targeting each of these novel mechanisms and discuss whether these new agents are living up to expectations.
QoS Constraint with prioritized frame selection CDMA MAC protocol for WSN employing UAV

This paper proposes a new MAC protocol that is used for a wireless sensor network employing one Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (WSN-UAV). In this protocol, the active sensors are classified into different groups with different priorities that are controlled by the UAV. The level of priorities is closely dependent on the receiving power of the beacon signal at the sensors and the variation trend of this receiving power value. The proposed MAC protocol assures a certain Packet-Error-Rate (PER) by selecting a proper number of transmitting groups that is equal or less than the number of priority groups. As a result, only the active sensors that are located inside the transmitting groups will periodically transmit their sensing data to the UAV. CDMA will be used for data transmission between the sensors and the UAV as an effective method. The results show that, the larger number of transmitting groups the smaller value of time needed for data collection and the higher value of PER; or inversely. This paper therefore aims to find a relation among the three factors: the number of transmitting groups, the acceptable PER and the average time for data collection.
Myocardial preservation.

St. Louis, Missouri Objective assessment of preservation of myocardium has been stimulated by interest in myocardial infarction and by the hypothesis that infarct size is an important determinant of prognosis and one potentially amenable to favorable modification dur ing the early evolution of ischemic injury. Recently, the importance of myocardial preservation in the setting of cardiac surgery has received increasing attention. In this discussion, the basis for some clinically applicable noninvasive techniques for objectively assessing the extent of myocardial injury will be presented, followed by some results f rom experimental studies delineating one approach to preserving ischemic myocardium in the setting of cardiac surgery. As opposed to other criteria, such as electrophysiologic changes or alterations in left ventricular function which may be reversible manifestations of ischemia as well as infarction, biochemical indices of cell death are theoretically suitable for estimating the extent of infarction (or infarct size) in absolute terms. Assessment of myocardial creatine kinase (CK) depletion and subsequently plasma CK time-activity curves has proven particularly useful . After coronary occlusion in rabbits, myocar-
Good-Specifc Habit Formation and the Cross Section of Expected Returns

I study the cross-section of expected stock returns in a general equilibrium framework where agents form habits over individual varieties of goods. Goods are produced by monopolistically competitive firms whose income and price elasticities of demand depend on the habit formation of the consumers. Firms that produce goods with a high habit level relative to consumption have low income and price elasticities, set high prices for their product, and have low expected returns on their stock. Taking this prediction to the data, I find a return spread that is hard to explain by commonly used empirical asset pricing models.
“Just-In-Time” Simulation Training Using 3-D Printed Cardiac Models After Congenital Cardiac Surgery

Background: High-fidelity simulation using patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) models may be effective in facilitating pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU) provider training for clinical management of congenital cardiac surgery patients. Methods: The 3D-printed heart models were rendered from preoperative cross-sectional cardiac imaging for 10 patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery. Immediately following surgical repair, a congenital cardiac surgeon and an intensive care physician conducted a simulation training session regarding postoperative care utilizing the patient-specific 3D model for the PCICU team. After the simulation, Likert-type 0 to 10 scale questionnaire assessed participant perception of impact of the training session. Results: Seventy clinicians participated in training sessions, including 22 physicians, 38 nurses, and 10 ancillary care providers. Average response to whether 3D models were more helpful than standard hand off was 8.4 of 10. Questions regarding enhancement of understanding and clinical ability received average responses of 9.0 or greater, and 90% of participants scored 8 of 10 or higher. Nurses scored significantly higher than other clinicians on self-reported familiarity with the surgery (7.1 vs 5.8; P = .04), clinical management ability (8.6 vs 7.7; P = .02), and ability enhancement (9.5 vs 8.7; P = .02). Compared to physicians, nurses and ancillary providers were more likely to consider 3D models more helpful than standard hand off (8.7 vs 7.7; P = .05). Higher case complexity predicted greater enhancement of understanding of surgery (P = .04). Conclusion: The 3D heart models can be used to enhance congenital cardiac critical care via simulation training of multidisciplinary intensive care teams. Benefit may be dependent on provider type and case complexity.