Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled study of effects of dietary magnesium oxide supplementation on bone mineral content in healthy girls.

CONTEXT The role of magnesium (Mg) as a determinant of bone mass has not been extensively explored. Limited studies suggest that dietary Mg intake and bone mineral density are correlated in adults, but no data from interventional studies in children and adolescents are available. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether Mg supplementation in periadolescent girls enhances accrual of bone mass. DESIGN We carried out a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, one-year double-blind trial of Mg supplementation. SETTING The study was conducted in the Clinical Research Centers at Yale University School of Medicine. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Healthy 8- to 14-yr-old Caucasian girls were recruited from community pediatricians' offices. Dietary diaries from over 120 volunteers were analyzed, and those with dietary Mg intake of less than 220 mg/d were invited to participate in the intervention. INTERVENTION Magnesium (300 mg elemental Mg per day in two divided doses) or placebo was given orally for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome measure was interval change in bone mineral content (BMC) of the total hip, femoral neck, Ward's area, and lumbar spine (L1-L4) after 12 months of Mg supplementation. RESULTS Significantly increased accrual (P = 0.05) in integrated hip BMC occurred in the Mg-supplemented vs. placebo group. Trends for a positive Mg effect were evident in the pre- and early puberty and in mid-late puberty. Lumbar spinal BMC accrual was slightly (but not significantly) greater in the Mg-treated group. Compliance was excellent; 73% of capsules were ingested as inferred by pill counts. Serum mineral levels, calciotropic hormones, and bone markers were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Oral Mg oxide capsules are safe and well tolerated. A positive effect of Mg supplementation on integrated hip BMC was evident in this small cohort.
Malnourishment in a population of young children with severe early childhood caries.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the nutritional status of children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) using several clinical measurements. METHODS Children aged 2 to 6 years with S-ECC were measured for height, weight, triceps skinfolds (TSF), and measurement of upper mid-arm circumference (MAC). Blood samples assessed: (1) hemoglobin; (2) mean corpuscular volume (MCV); (3) serum ferritin; and (4) serum albumin. Weight-for-height was converted into ideal body weight (IBW) percentiles. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as kg/m2. TSF and MAC were converted into measurement of arm muscle circumference (MAMC). All measurements were compared with population reference values. RESULTS Using weight for height centiles, 17% were diagnosed as being malnourished and 66% as within normal limits. Using BMI centiles, only 4% were identified as being malnourished and 75% as being normal. Conversely, the body fat of 24% was assessed as low (<10th percentile). Serum albumin was low for 16%. The majority had evidence of inadequate iron intake with low serum ferritin (80%), iron depletion (24%), iron deficiency (6%), or iron deficiency anemia (11%). CONCLUSIONS All tests detected levels of malnutrition, with blood tests finding the most severe cases. The results suggest that severe Early Childhood Caries may be a risk marker for iron deficiency anemia. Since iron deficiency has permanent effects on growth and development, pediatric dentists should recommend assessment of iron levels in S-ECC patients regardless of their anthropometric appearance.
The selectivity of β‐adrenoceptor agonists at human β1‐, β2‐ and β3‐adrenoceptors

Background and purpose: There are two important properties of receptor–ligand interactions: affinity (the ability of the ligand to bind to the receptor) and efficacy (the ability of the receptor–ligand complex to induce a response). Ligands are classified as agonists or antagonists depending on whether or not they have efficacy. In theory, it is possible to develop selective agonists based on selective affinity, selective intrinsic efficacy or both. This study examined the affinity and intrinsic efficacy of 31 β‐adrenoceptor agonists at the three human β‐adrenoceptors to determine whether the current agonists are subtype selective because of affinity or intrinsic efficacy.
Airborne manganese particulates and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) at selected outdoor sites in Montreal.

This study aims to assess the atmospheric concentrations of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), respirable manganese (MNR) and total manganese (MnT) in certain specific microenvironments and to provide an estimation of human exposure to MnR. Sampling was carried out in five microenvironments: a gas station, an underground car park, downtown Montreal, near an expressway and near an oil refinery. The samples were collected using Gil-Air portable pumps during three days and were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The mean concentrations of MnR, MnT and MMT were 0.036 microgram m-3, 0.103 microgram m-3 and 0.005 microgram m-3 respectively. The MnR/MnT ratios vary from 25% to 43% (mean 35%) while the MMT/MnT ratios averaged about 5%. Furthermore, the mean concentration of the MnR measured near the expressway (0.053 microgram m-3) is similar to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) reference concentration (RfC = 0.05 microgram m-3). The average daily environmental exposure dose to MNR is estimated at 0.010 microgram kg-1 d-1 and its contribution to the multimedia exposure (air, food and water) is low. The overall results show a lack of potential exposure to MMT and substantial concentrations of MnR near an expressway.
The Authentic Personality: A Theoretical and Empirical Conceptualization and the Development of the Authenticity Scale

This article describes the development of a measure of dispositional authenticity and tests whether authenticity is related to well-being, as predicted by several counseling psychology perspectives. Scales were designed to measure a tripartite conception of authenticity, comprising self-alienation, authentic living, and accepting external influence, which was supported with exploratory factor analysis. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings were invariant across sample, ethnicity, and gender. The scale showed substantial discriminant validity from the Big Five personality traits, nonsignificant correlations with social desirability, and 2- and 4-week test-retest correlations ranging from r = . 78 to . 91. Each subscale was strongly related to self-esteem and aspects of both subjective and psychological well-being. This article provides the first direct test of several theoretical models that view authenticity as integral to well-being.
Intensive care nurses' and physicians' experiences with demands for treatment: some implications for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to develop an empiric description of intensive care unit (ICU) physicians' and nurses' (participants) experiences providing life-sustaining treatments at the insistence of family members, treatments that they believed should have been withheld or withdrawn. From this description, steps to minimize or prevent their sources of distress in such situations are suggested. DESIGN Semistructured, open-ended interviews. Participants were asked to describe cases in which treatment had been provided primarily in response to demands from family members. PARTICIPANTS Six physicians and 6 nurses from 6 university-affiliated ICUs in Canada. All were members of a task force developing a multicenter policy to address demands for treatment, and physician members were heads of their ICUs. OUTCOME MEASURES Systematic analysis of interview transcripts and synthesis of findings. RESULTS Participants recalled 28 cases in which treatment had been provided at the insistence of family members. Many cases described were very distressing for both medical staff and family members. Consistently problematic areas included: (1) suffering of dying patients, (2) the marked distress of family members, and (3) a breakdown in the relationship between care providers and families. CONCLUSIONS Conflict with family members about decisions to limit life-sustaining treatment can be very stressful for health care providers. Three important areas that give rise to distress were identified in this study. These key sources of distress should be looked for. They could be addressed by: (1) identifying to family members the importance of minimizing suffering and ongoing bodily injury of patients at risk for dying, (2) by doing so addressing directly the distress of family members by the provision of emotional support, and when appropriate directed toward helping them accept that the patient is dying, and (3) pursuing efforts to maintain or create a good relationship with family members despite disagreement about the appropriateness of continuing life-sustaining treatment.
Surgical Treatment of Complex Partial Seizures: Results, Lessons, and Problems

Summary: The underlying seizure tendency of complex partial seizures often involves the temporal region of the brain, but the frontal lobe can also produce similar complex partial seizures. By the end of 1980, 1,210 patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy had been operated on at the Montreal Neurological Institute. Nontumoral epileptogenic lesions were present in 1,034 patients, 169 had tumors, and 7 had major vascular malformations. Thirty‐seven percent of the 894 evaluable patients with nontumoral epileptogenic lesions have become and remained seizure‐free. Two hundred thirty‐six (26%) patients had a marked reduction of seizure tendency. Within the seizure‐free group, 63% had a complete or nearly complete reduction of their medically refractory tendency following temporal lobectomy. Of the patients with temporal lobe epilepsy due to tumoral lesions, 46% of the evaluable patients have become and remained seizure‐free, and 76% have had a complete or nearly complete reduction of seizure tendency.
Enhanced myelotoxicity due to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration until 48 hours before the next chemotherapy course in patients with small-cell lung carcinoma.

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) priming on peripheral-blood cell counts during standard-dose chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve patients with relapsed small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) were treated with two chemotherapy courses. Six patients received G-CSF priming only before the first course (group A) and the other six patients only before the second course (group B). Each patient served as his own control. Patients were treated with cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and etoposide (CEE), or with vincristine, ifosfamide, mesna, and carboplatin (VIMP) every 4 weeks. G-CSF was administered subcutaneously 5 microg/kg/d for 6 days until 48 hours before the first or second chemotherapy course. RESULTS Priming caused a lowering of the WBC nadir, with a median value of 0.95 x 10(9)/L (P = .004), and of absolute neutrophil nadir, with a median value of 0.48 x 10(9)/L (P = .03). There was a trend for a lower platelet (PLT) nadir after G-CSF priming (P = .09). G-CSF priming resulted in a prolonged duration of WBC count less than 3.0 x 10(9)/L of +4.25 days (P = .04), and of WBC count less than 1.0 x 10(9)/L of +0.50 days (P = .03). The duration of neutropenia less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L seemed longer in primed courses (+3.75 days, P = .18). The duration of PLT counts less than 100 x 10(9)/L was prolonged by 1.5 days (P = .04). Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels were not influenced by G-CSF priming. CONCLUSION G-CSF administration until 48 hours before the next chemotherapy course increases chemotherapy-associated leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. This may be of special concern when G-CSF is administered during dose-densified chemotherapy.
Selective Utilization of Benzimidazolyl-Norcobamides as Cofactors by the Tetrachloroethene Reductive Dehalogenase of Sulfurospirillum multivorans

ABSTRACT The organohalide-respiring bacterium Sulfurospirillum multivorans produces a unique cobamide, namely, norpseudo-B12, which serves as cofactor of the tetrachloroethene (PCE) reductive dehalogenase (PceA). As previously reported, a replacement of the adeninyl moiety, the lower base of the cofactor, by exogenously applied 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole led to inactive PceA. To explore the general effect of benzimidazoles on the PCE metabolism, the susceptibility of the organism for guided biosynthesis of various singly substituted benzimidazolyl-norcobamides was investigated, and their use as cofactor by PceA was analyzed. Exogenously applied 5-methylbenzimidazole (5-MeBza), 5-hydroxybenzimidazole (5-OHBza), and 5-methoxybenzimidazole (5-OMeBza) were found to be efficiently incorporated as lower bases into norcobamides (NCbas). Structural analysis of the NCbas by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy uncovered a regioselectivity in the utilization of these precursors for NCba biosynthesis. When 5-MeBza was added, a mixture of 5-MeBza-norcobamide and 6-MeBza-norcobamide was formed, and the PceA enzyme activity was affected. In the presence of 5-OHBza, almost exclusively 6-OHBza-norcobamide was produced, while in the presence of 5-OMeBza, predominantly 5-OMeBza-norcobamide was detected. Both NCbas were incorporated into PceA, and no negative effect on the PceA activity was observed. In crystal structures of PceA, both NCbas were bound in the base-off mode with the 6-OHBza and 5-OMeBza lower bases accommodated by the same solvent-exposed hydrophilic pocket that harbors the adenine as the lower base of authentic norpseudo-B12. In this study, a selective production of different norcobamide isomers containing singly substituted benzimidazoles as lower bases is shown, and unique structural insights into their utilization as cofactors by a cobamide-containing enzyme are provided. IMPORTANCE Guided biosynthesis of norcobamides containing singly substituted benzimidazoles as lower bases by the organohalide-respiring epsilonproteobacterium Sulfurospirillum multivorans is reported. An unprecedented specificity in the formation of norcobamide isomers containing hydroxylated or methoxylated benzimidazoles was observed that implicated a strict regioselectivity of the norcobamide biosynthesis in the organism. In contrast to 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-norcobamide, the incorporation of singly substituted benzimidazolyl-norcobamides as a cofactor into the tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase was not impaired. The enzyme was found to be functional with different isomers and not limited to the use of adeninyl-norcobamide. Structural analysis of the enzyme equipped with either adeninyl- or benzimidazolyl-norcobamide cofactors visualized for the first time structurally different cobamides bound in base-off conformation to the cofactor-binding site of a cobamide-containing enzyme.
Morality and Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Awareness, Responsibility, and Norms in the Norm Activation Model

The authors examined the relationships between variables included in the Norm Activation Model (NAM; S. H. Schwartz, 1977) of prosocial behavior. Specifically, they evaluated the strength of 2 commonly used interpretations of this model: the NAM as a mediator model and the NAM as a moderator model. For the most part, 5 studies focusing on a variety of prosocial intentions and behavior support the NAM as a mediator model. Furthermore, these studies validate past research by showing that variables included in the NAM are powerful in explaining a diversity of prosocial intentions and behavior in the social and environmental contexts.
Patient Safety Culture in Slovenian out-of-hours Primary Care Clinics

Abstract Introduction Patient safety culture is a concept which describes how leader and staff interaction, attitudes, routines and practices protect patients from adverse events in healthcare. We aimed to investigate patient safety culture in Slovenian out-of-hours health care (OOHC) clinics, and determine the possible factors that might be associated with it. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, which took place in Slovenian OOHC, as part of the international study entitled Patient Safety Culture in European Out-of-Hours Services (SAFE-EUR-OOH). All the OOHC clinics in Slovenia (N=60) were invited to participate, and 37 agreed to do so; 438 employees from these clinics were invited to participate. We used the Slovenian version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire – an ambulatory version (SAQAV) to measure the climate of safety. Results Out of 438 invited participants, 250 answered the questionnaire (57.1% response rate). The mean overall score ± standard deviation of the SAQ was 56.6±16.0 points, of Perceptions of Management 53.6±19.6 points, of Job Satisfaction 48.5±18.3 points, of Safety Climate 59.1±22.1 points, of Teamwork Climate 72.7±16.6, and of Communication 51.5±23.4 points. Employees working in the Ravne na Koroškem region, employees with variable work shifts, and those with full-time jobs scored significantly higher on the SAQ-AV. Conclusion The safety culture in Slovenian OOHC clinics needs improvement. The variations in the safety culture factor scores in Slovenian OOHC clinics point to the need to eliminate variations and improve working conditions in Slovenian OOHC clinics.
Anatomic structures involved in early- and late-stage sacroiliitis in spondylarthritis: a detailed analysis by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE To localize inflammatory and chronic changes to defined areas in the sacroiliac joints in patients with early-stage compared with late-stage spondylarthritis (SpA), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Using MRI, 93 patients with SpA and inflammatory back pain who had radiographs of the sacroiliac joints were examined, comprising 31 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 62 with other SpA subsets, including 48 with undifferentiated SpA (uSpA). MRI was performed using T1-weighted, T2*-weighted, STIR, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) sequences. Two readers retrospectively analyzed the images by differentiating 9 areas of the sacroiliac joints: the ventral and caudal joint capsule, cavum, subchondral bone, bone marrow, ligament entheses, and ligaments; the sacral and iliac sides were tabulated separately. RESULTS By MRI, sacroiliitis was more often bilateral in AS (84%) than in uSpA (48%) (P = 0.01). Inflammatory changes were found in a mean +/- SD 4.7 +/- 2.9 regions/joint, with involvement of 4.5 +/- 3.2 regions in early disease versus 5.2 +/- 2.3 regions in late disease (P not significant [NS]). Involvement of the iliac side of the sacroiliac joints was found to be more frequent than the sacral side in early disease (58% versus 48%; P < 0.01) as compared with that in late disease (58% versus 63%; P NS). The dorsocaudal parts of the synovial joint and the bone marrow were the most frequently inflamed structures in early disease (P < 0.001 for ventral versus dorsal joint capsule). In contrast, involvement of the entheses was more common in advanced disease (early 43% versus late 86%; P < 0.001). Similarly, the ligaments were more frequently involved in the late stages (early 26% versus late 40%; P = 0.06). Both patterns of bone marrow inflammation (focal and diffuse) were observed in equal frequencies in early and late disease (17% and 42% versus 26% and 43%, respectively; P NS). HLA-B27-positive patients (n = 80) had more entheseal involvement than did HLA-B27-negative patients (n = 13) (60% versus 39%; P = 0.05). HLA-B27-negative patients had a shorter disease duration (2.2 years versus 4.4 years; P = 0.05) and were more often female (62%; P = 0.02). When all pathologic changes were assessed, the STIR sequence (performed in 62 patients) was less sensitive than the contrast-enhanced sequences in that it was not able to show all relevant changes in 27% of these patients (n = 17), failing to reveal inflammation of the cavum in 15 patients and of the bone marrow and joint capsule in 1 patient each. CONCLUSION As visualized by MRI, sacroiliitis in SpA is characterized by involvement of different joint structures. Whereas the iliac and the sacral side of the sacroiliac joints are almost equally affected, the dorsocaudal synovial part of the joint is involved significantly more often than the ventral part, especially in early disease. Sacroiliac enthesitis is not a special feature of early sacroiliac inflammation.
Self-inflicted Cut Injury as Common Method of Deliberate Self Harm: A Retrospective Study from Nepal

Context: Deliberate self-injury, a fairly common condition is present across all culture. It is defined as intentional, direct injuring of body tissue without suicidal intent. We continue to lack a sufficient understanding of this behavior in the context of South East Asian region. Aims: This study aims to explore the characteristics of self-cutting, and gender differences in homologous group of youth applying for foreign employment in Nepal. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional, single interview method in an out-patient setting. Subjects and Methods: The youths applying for foreign employment were screened for self-harm attempt using single question. Screen positive individuals were applied with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were collected in a single interview by consultant psychiatrist. Results: Males were more than females and the mean age (standard deviation) at the time of act and current presentation were 16.52 (3.13) and 24.70 (5.54) years, respectively. Various methods were used in self-inflicting cut, and certain amount of stress was present in the majority of the participants. There was no significant difference between male and female in all descriptive characteristics except for mean age at the time of presentation. Conclusions: The descriptive results from Nepal are keeping with most of the published literature. The study is the first one from Nepal, and we expect that this will help in laying a good foundation for further studies with stronger methodologies.
Uplift in the Fiordland Region, New Zealand: Implications for Incipient Subduction

Low-temperature thermochronometry reveals regional Late Cenozoic denudation in Fiordland, New Zealand, consistent with geodynamic models showing uplift of the overriding plate during incipient subduction. The data show a northward progression of exhumation in response to northward migration of the initiation of subduction. The locus of most recent uplift coincides with a large positive Bouguer gravity anomaly within Fiordland. Thermochronometrically deduced crustal thinning, anomalous gravity, and estimates of surface uplift are all consistent with ∼2 kilometers of dynamic support. This amount of dynamic support is in accord with geodynamic predictions, suggesting that we have dated the initiation of subduction adjacent to Fiordland.
Lesions Caused by Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in Two Cervid Hosts

Pathologic effects and host response were evaluated in seven white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and six mule deer (O. hemionus hemionus) each exposed per os to 300 or 1000 third-stage larvae of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei. Pathologic effects in mule deer consisted of hemorrhagic myositis throughout skeletal muscles, severe verminous pneumonia, and moderate lymphadenitis. The major host response was a granulomatous inflammation associated with nematode eggs and larvae. Granulomas obliterated the normal architecture of affected tissues. Pathologic effects and host response were minimal in white-tailed deer. P. odocoilei is considered a potential direct or indirect pathogen in mule deer but an insignificant parasite in white-tailed deer.