Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Office‐Based Cryoablation of Breast Fibroadenomas with Long‐Term Follow‐up

Abstract: Approximately 10% of women will experience a breast fibroadenoma in their lifetime. Cryoablation is a new treatment that combines the better attributes of the current standards: surveillance and surgery. It is a minimally invasive office‐based procedure that is administered without the use of general anesthesia, involving minimal patient discomfort and little to no scarring. This work aimed to establish the long‐term (2–3 years) efficacy, safety, and satisfaction of the procedure, as well as the impact of cryoablation on mammogram and ultrasound images. Thirty‐seven treated fibroadenomas were available for assessment with an average follow‐up period of 2.6 years. Of the original 84% that were palpable prior to treatment, only 16% remained palpable to the patient as of this writing. Of those fibroadenomas that were initially ≤2.0 cm in size, only 6% remained palpable. A median volume reduction of 99% was observed with ultrasound. Ninety‐seven percent of patients and 100% of physicians were satisfied with the long‐term treatment results. Mammograms and ultrasounds showed cryoablation produced no artifact that would adversely affect interpretation. Cryoablation for breast fibroadenomas has previously been reported as safe and effective both acutely and at the 1‐year follow‐up mark, and thus has been implemented as a treatment option. At long‐term follow‐up, cryoablation as a primary therapy for breast fibroadenomas demonstrates progressive resolution of the treated area, durable safety, and excellent patient and physician satisfaction. The treatment is performed in an office setting rather than an operating room, resulting in a cost‐effective and patient‐friendly procedure. Cryoablation should be considered a preferred option for those patients desiring definitive therapy for their fibroadenomas without surgical intervention.
Bildungschancen für Geflüchtete. Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze bei der Öffnung von Hochschulen für Asylsuchende und Flüchtlinge

Das Arbeits- und Forschungspapier erortert den Zugang zur Hochschulbildung fur Gefluchtete in Deutschland und wird im Rahmen des Verbundprojektes „Bildung als Exponent individueller und regionaler Entwicklung - Evidenzbasierte Bedarfserschliesung und vernetzte Kompetenzentwicklung“ (kurz: E-hoch-B) publiziert. Das Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt hat zum Ziel, bedarfsorientierte (Weiter-)Bildungsangebote fur neue Zielgruppen in der Region Westpfalz zu entwickeln. Gefluchtete mit Aufenthaltserlaubnis sowie Gefluchtete im Asylbewerbungsverfahren stellen eine solche neue Zielgruppe dar, da fur sie eine Offnung der Hochschulbildung bis Dato noch nicht rechtlich festgelegt ist (Stand: August 2015). Im Rahmen des Arbeits- und Forschungspapiers werden zunachst unterschiedliche Hurden im Zugang zu Hochschulbildung aufgezeigt, die in der Problematik des Aufenthaltsstatus, in den Zugangsvoraussetzungen, aber auch in der Studienfinanzierung sowie der Anerkennung von Kompetenzen begrundet liegen. Zudem werden hochschulinterne Barrieren in Bezug auf die Programmlogiken der Studiengange sowie den Beratungs- und Unterstutzungsangeboten angesprochen. Daran anschliesend werden mogliche Losungsansatze fur diese Hurden skizziert.
Levels of Selected Aqueous Humor Mediators (IL-10, IL-17, CCL2, VEGF, FasL) in Diabetic Cataract

Abstract Purpose: To compare levels of selected mediators in serums and aqueous humor (AH) of type 2 diabetes mellitus cataract patients with senile cataract patients, and to determine their association with postoperative corneal edema (CE). Methods: Patients (32 senile and 29 diabetic cataract) undergoing standardized phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation were recruited. CE was assessed using an ordinal scale (grade 0 to 3). IL-10, CCL2, IL-17, FasL, and VEGF were measured by ELISA. Results: Diabetic patients had higher AH levels of VEGF (p = .042) and IL-10 (p = .021), lower AH levels of FasL (p = .048), and higher serum levels of CCL2 (p = .002). AH levels of CCL2 were higher in diabetic patients with more severe CE at the first postoperative day (p = .012). Conclusions: We found disturbed AH microenvironment in diabetic cataract, with significant changes for VEGF, IL-10, and FasL. Higher CCL2 was associated with the development of early postoperative CE in diabetic patients.
Demography and disease characteristics of prostate cancer in India

Introduction: The incidence of prostate cancer has shown significant variation across the globe. Though the prevalence and characteristics of this disease have been extensively studied in many countries, data regarding the true incidence of prostate cancer in India is limited. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE publications from 1990 to 2014 were searched and reviewed and compiled to assess the demographic profile of prostate cancer in India and characteristics unique to this disease in India. Results: The limited data available on prostate cancer showed significant differences in incidence, precipitating factors, and disease characteristics of prostate cancer in India. Conclusions: Since India would be having more number of cases of prostate cancer than most others in the years to come, adequate population-based data regarding the demography and disease characteristics of this disease are of paramount importance in this country.
Child Well-Being: Anthropological Perspectives 18

Anthropology commonly is regarded as the study of human origins or exotic cultures, but in fact, its remit embraces all aspects of humanity. It is distinguished from other social sciences, conceptually, by its attention to both culture and biology and their interaction on the timescales of evolution, history, and the individual lifespan, and methodologically, by a tradition of ethnographic fieldwork conducted among diverse populations. Anthropological study of children occupies a special place in the discipline, as it engages with issues from the evolution of the life course to how culture is acquired during the earliest years. A lapse in attention to children and childhood by mainstream anthropology in recent decades has been balanced by a current surge of interest in the place of children in society and appreciation of the value of anthropological studies for understanding child well-being (BluebondLangner and Korbin 2007; Lancy 2008). Unfortunately, major recent reviews of threats to child welfare and how to ameliorate them (Grantham-McGregor et al. 2007; Engle et al. 2007; Walker et al. 2007, 2011) have largely overlooked anthropological contributions – and particularly the importance of culture as a determinant of both socioeconomic conditions and local definitions of wellbeing. In this chapter, we discuss anthropological perspectives that advance
Informal caregiver training on home care and cancer symptom management prior to hospital discharge: a feasibility study.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of individualized caregiver training for home care and symptom management conducted at the bedside of older patients with cancer prior to hospital discharge. DESIGN Pilot study. SETTING The Extended Care Rehabilitation Center at the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center in North Carolina. SAMPLE 7 female informal caregivers with a mean age of 56 (range = 26-76). More than half were African American. Most commonly, caregivers were spouses of the patients with cancer. METHODS Individualized and experiential training on home care and cancer symptom management was conducted at the bedside of patients before hospital discharge. Caregiver demographic data were collected. An informal interview at the end of the training asked about the usefulness of the training in preparing for home caregiving. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Feasibility of the training. FINDINGS Individualized bedside training to caregivers prior to hospital discharge is feasible. All caregivers noted the relevance of the content as well as the approach to the training. CONCLUSIONS When given an opportunity for training on symptom management and home care, informal caregivers were very interested in participating. The individualized approach gave caregivers an opportunity to have their particular needs met. The flexibility of when to conduct the training proved to be crucial when soliciting attendance. The biggest challenge was in recruiting caregiver subjects through patients with cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The impetus now is to look at the effects of the training on caregiver-patient variables as well as the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of such an approach to caregiver training.
Hypoxia upregulates integrin gene expression in microvascular endothelial cells and promotes their migration and capillary‐like tube formation

Tissue hypoxia affects gene expression through the hypoxia‐inducible transcription factors, HIF‐1 and HIF‐2, in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a complex response of endothelial cells integrating cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and their interaction with the extracellular matrix through integrin receptors. In this report, we studied the effect of hypoxia on the angiogenic functions of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC‐1) as well as on expression of the angiogenic integrins ανβ3, ανβ5, and α5β1. Exposure of HMEC‐1 to hypoxia (1% O2) or to DMOG, a prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase inhibitor, caused significant reduction to their proliferation rate, whereas their migration ability toward laminin‐1 or collagen IV and capillary‐like tube formation were significantly enhanced. In addition, αv, β1, β3, and β5 integrins expression was increased under hypoxia in HMEC‐1, while α5 integrin was not affected. Both HIF‐1 and HIF‐2 protein expression and transcriptional activity were induced under hypoxia in HMEC‐1. The knockdown of either HIF‐1α or HIF‐2α inhibited integrin β3 hypoxic stimulation, suggesting a HIF‐dependent induction of β3 integrin in HMEC‐1. Taken together, our results indicate that hypoxia transcriptionally up‐regulates angiogenic integrins in microvascular endothelial cells along with promoting migration and tube formation of HMEC‐1.
Análise econômica da produtividade de grãos de milho consorciado com forrageiras dos gêneros Brachiaria e Panicum em sistema plantio direto

O sistema de integracao lavoura-pecuaria (ILP) e uma alternativa de recuperacao e renovacao de pastagens degradadas, contudo, e importante mostrar sua viabilidade economica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a produtividade de graos e os resultados economicos de modalidades do cultivo de milho com forrageiras dos generos Panicum e Brachiaria, na ILP, em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido no ano agricola de 2009/2010, em SelviriaMS, em Latossolo Vermelho distroferrico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes, sendo os tratamentos constituidos por oito modalidades de cultivo do milho consorciado, simultaneamente e por ocasiao da adubacao nitrogenada de cobertura com as forrageiras Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-5, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e cv. Mombaca. A analise dos custos operacionais foi baseada nos precos de insumos e operacoes e a receita bruta no preco medio de venda do milho no Estado de Sao Paulo. Os sistemas de cultivo nao reduziram a produtividade de graos em relacao ao milho cultivado sem consorcio, e o consorcio mais recomendado e o milho cultivado com B. ruziziensis, principalmente em semeadura simultânea, pois alem de ter sido um dos mais produtivos, o preco dessa semente e o mais acessivel, vindo alcancar maior Indice de Lucratividade que os demais tratamentos. Em geral, os cultivos simultâneos foram os mais produtivos, vindo a apresentar maior Receita Bruta, Custo Operacional Total (devido a aplicacao do herbicida Sanson), menor Lucro Operacional (com excecao do MBS) e maior Indice de Lucratividade. Palavras-chave: Zea mays L. , integracao lavoura-pecuaria, custo operacional total, indice de lucratividade.
Is Emotional Intelligence an Advantage? An Exploration of the Impact of Emotional and General Intelligence on Individual Performance

Abstract Emotional intelligence is an increasingly popular consulting tool. According to popular opinion and work-place testimonials, emotional intelligence increases performance and productivity; however, there has been a general lack of independent, systematic analysis substantiating that claim. The authors investigated whether emotional intelligence would account for increases in individual cognitive-based performance over and above the level attributable to traditional general intelligence. The authors measured emotional intelligence with the Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS; J. D. Mayer, P. Salovey, & D. R. Caruso, 1997). As measured by the MEIS, overall emotional intelligence is a composite of the 3 distinct emotional reasoning abilities: perceiving, understanding, and regulating emotions (J. D. Mayer & P. Salovey, 1997). Although further psychometric analysis of the MEIS is warranted, the authors found that overall emotional intelligence, emotional perception, and emotional regulation uniquely explained individual cognitive-based performance over and beyond the level attributable to general intelligence.
Comparison of conventional MRI and MR arthrography in the evaluation of wrist ligament tears: A preliminary experience

Abstract Aims: To compare conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and direct magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography in the evaluation of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and intrinsic wrist ligament tears. Materials and Methods: T1-weighted, fat suppressed (FS) proton density plus T2-weighted (FS PD/T2), 3D multiple-echo data image combination (MEDIC) sequences and direct MR arthrography were performed in 53 patients with wrist pain. Images were evaluated for the presence and location of TFCC, scapholunate ligament (SLL) and lunatotriquetral ligament (LTL) tears, and imaging findings were compared with operative findings in 16 patients who underwent arthroscopy or open surgery (gold standard). Results: Sixteen patients underwent arthroscopy/open surgery: 12 TFCC tears were detected arthroscopically out of which 9 were detected on FS PD/T2 sequence, 10 on MEDIC sequence, and all 12 were detected on MR arthrography. The sensitivities of FS PD/T2, MEDIC sequences, and MR arthrography in the detection of TFCC tears were 75%, 83.3%, and 100%, respectively. Out of the eight arthroscopically confirmed SLL tears, three tears were detected on FS PD/T2 sequence, five on MEDIC sequence, and all eight were visualized on MR arthrography. The sensitivities of FS PD/T2, MEDIC sequences, and MR arthrography in detecting SLL tears were 37.5%, 62.5%, and 100%, respectively. One arthroscopically confirmed LTL tear was diagnosed on FS PD/T2 sequence, three on MEDIC sequence, and all five arthroscopically confirmed LTL tears were detected with MR arthrography. The sensitivities of PD, MEDIC sequences, and MR arthrography in detecting LTL tears were 20%, 40%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: MR arthrography is the most sensitive and specific imaging modality for the evaluation of wrist ligament tears.
[Characteristics of the Videos in Spanish Posted on Youtube about Human Papillomavirus Vaccines].

BACKGROUND Internet is a resource to search for health-related information. The aim of this work was to know the content of the videos in Spanish language of YouTube related to the vaccine against the human papilloma virus (HPV). METHODS An observational study was conducted from a search on YouTube on 26th July 2013 by using keywords such as: "human papilloma virus vaccine", "HPV vaccine", "Gardasil vaccine", "Cervarix vaccine". Different categories were established according to: the type of vaccine, the published source and the favorable or unfavorable predisposition towards the human papillomavirus vaccination. The number of visits and the duration of the videos were gathered, with analysis of variables in the 20 most visited videos. RESULTS A total of 170 videos were classified like: local news (n=39; 37 favorable, 2 unfavorable; 2:06:29; 42972 visits), national news (n=32; 30/2; 1:49:27; 50138 visits), created by YouTube subscribers (n=21; 21/1; 1:44:39; 10991 visits), advertisements (n=21; 19/2; 0:27:05; 28435 visits), conferences (n=17; 15/2; 3:25:39; 27206 visits), documentaries (n=16; 12/4; 2:11:31; 30629 visits). From all of the 20 most viewed YouTube videos predominated those which were favorable to the vaccination (n=12; 0:43:43; 161789 visits) against the unfavorable (n=8; 2:44:14; 86583 visits). CONCLUSIONS Most of the videos have a favorable opinion towards HPV vaccine, although videos with a negative content were the longest and most viewed.
Nonlocal screening effects in 2p x-ray photoemission spectroscopy core-level line shapes of transition metal compounds.

We show that the 2p core-level line shapes of transition metal (TM) compounds are strongly influenced by the presence of more TM ions. Using calculations of clusters, involving more than one TM ion we explain the double peaked main line of the Ni 2p spectrum of NiO as well as the difference in line shape compared with Ni impurities in MgO and show the sensitivity of the line shape in NiO to surrounding defects. This intersite charge transfer screening also explains the wide asymmetric shape of the main line of the Cu 2p spectrum of CuO and the high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ compounds.
At the interface of materials and objects in peripheral vision by Shaiyan Keshvari

Humans are able to simultaneously perceive the world as discrete, distinct "objects", as well as regions of statistical regularity, or "textures". This is evident in the way we describe our perceptual world. A street is made up of concrete and asphalt "stuff", while the people and dogs walking on it are the "things" that make use of it. Both of these types of representation, however, are derived from the same sensory input, and thus there must exist transformations that map one to the other. A complete model of perception must account for these transformations. I study the representations that lie at the interface of object and texture perception in vision, focusing on utilizing the intrinsically impaired perception in the periphery to disambiguate the predictions of different models. I find that many seemingly separate perceptual phenomena in crowding can be better understood as different aspects of a single underlying model. I extend this to the study of material perception, and find that considering images of materials as visual textures can explain human's ability to recognize materials in the periphery. Furthermore, I examine how the limitations of peripheral vision affects the perception of visual designs, namely webpages. Thesis Supervisor: Ruth Rosenholtz Title: Senior Research Scientist, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
Loss of imprinting of insulin growth factor II gene: a potential heritable biomarker for colon neoplasia predisposition.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Loss of genomic imprinting (LOI) of insulin-like growth factor II gene (IGF2) involves abnormal activation of the normally silent maternally inherited allele. LOI of IGF2 has been associated with personal and family history of colorectal neoplasia (CRN), supporting a role for LOI in colorectal carcinogenesis. Whether LOI of IGF2 is associated with known environmental risk factors for CRN is unknown. METHODS We performed quantitative hot-stop PCR for imprinting analysis of IGF2 on normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of individuals. Environmental exposures including tobacco, alcohol, NSAIDs, and nutrient consumption (calcium, folate, selenium, fiber, and fat) were correlated with LOI expression in PBL. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of LOI of IGF2 was examined in 172 individuals. Persons with CRN (adenomas/cancer) had 5.1-fold (95% CI: 1.92-13.6) increased risk of having LOI of IGF2 in PBL compared with those without CRN. In contrast, tobacco smoking (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.36-2.55), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.45-3.3), and NSAIDs use (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.38-3.94) were not significantly associated with LOI of IGF2. Nutrient ingestion including calcium (P = 0.61), folate (P = 0.23), selenium (P = 0.19), fiber (P = 0.63), and fat (P = 0.14) was not statistically correlated with LOI of IGF2. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal imprinting of IGF2 gene was strongly associated with CRN but not with any of the environmental exposures examined. LOI of IGF2 does not appear to be an environmentally acquired phenomenon but rather a hereditary risk factor for CRN.
Metabolite Profiling and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Hydrocortisone in a Perfused Three-Dimensional Human Liver Bioreactor

Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to cause liver injury primarily involving inflammatory cells such as Kupffer cells, but few in vitro culture models are applicable for investigation of inflammatory effects on drug metabolism. We have developed a three-dimensional human microphysiological hepatocyte–Kupffer cell coculture system and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids on liver cultures. LPS was introduced to the cultures to elicit an inflammatory response and was assessed by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α. A sensitive and specific reversed-phase–ultra high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight–mass spectrometry method was used to evaluate hydrocortisone disappearance and metabolism at near physiologic levels. For this, the systems were dosed with 100 nM hydrocortisone and circulated for 2 days; hydrocortisone was depleted to approximately 30 nM, with first-order kinetics. Phase I metabolites, including tetrahydrocortisone and dihydrocortisol, accounted for 8–10% of the loss, and 45–52% consisted of phase II metabolites, including glucuronides of tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone. Pharmacokinetic parameters, i.e., half-life, rate of elimination, clearance, and area under the curve, were 23.03 hours, 0.03 hour−1, 6.6 × 10−5 l⋅hour−1, and 1.03 (mg/l)*h, respectively. The ability of the bioreactor to predict the in vivo clearance of hydrocortisone was characterized, and the obtained intrinsic clearance values correlated with human data. This system offers a physiologically relevant tool for investigating hepatic function in an inflamed liver.
Ultrasonographic appearance of normal superficial cervical and subiliac lymph nodes in cattle

The superficial cervical and the subiliac lymph nodes of 18 healthy, non.pregnant Simmental cows with a mean (sd) age of 5.6 (1.6) years were examined ultrasonographically in transverse and longitudinal planes with a real.time B.mode unit equipped with a 7.5 MHz linear.transducer. The position, demarcation and echogenicity of the lymph nodes were examined, and the craniocaudal and lateromedial diameters of each lymph node were measured three times within a period of six weeks. The pole to pole length of the lymph nodes was determined with a tape measure on the surface of the skin because the whole length could not be imaged in a single scan field. The gross anatomical and histological results showed that the lymph nodes were normal. Ultrasonographically, they were well demarcated from the adjoining muscular and subcutaneous tissue. Their internal structure was characterised by an anechoic to hypoechoic cortical zone corresponding to the lymphoid tissue, and an echogenic medullary zone, where the lymphatic sinuses converge towards the hilus and produce numerous acoustic interfaces. In all the lymph nodes, the hilar area had an echoic to hyperechoic appearance. The mean (sd) pole to pole length of the superficial cervical lymph nodes was 15.5 (3.2) cm and of the subiliac lymph nodes 13.5 (2.4) cm. The mean craniocaudal and lateromedial diameters of the superficial cervical lymph nodes were 2.8 (0.3) cm and 1.6 (0.3) cm, and those of the subiliac lymph nodes were 2.4 (0.4) cm and 1.1 (0.3) cm. The ultrasonographic morphology of these normal lymph nodes was consistent and provides basic reference data for the investigation of lymphadenopathies in cattle.