Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equity in human papilloma virus vaccination uptake ?

Background: In the Netherlands, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is part of a national program equally accessible for all girls invited for vaccination. To assess possible inequalities in vaccine uptake, we investigated differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated girls with regard to various characteristics, including education and ethnicity, (both associated with non-attendance to the national cervical screening program), sexual behaviour and knowledge of HPV. Methods: In 2010, 19,939 nationwide randomly-selected 16–17 year-old girls (2009 vaccination campaign) were invited to fill out an online questionnaire. A knowledge scale score and multivariable analyses identified variables associated with vaccination status. Results: 2989 (15%) of the selected girls participated (65% vaccinated, 35% unvaccinated). The participants were comparable with regard to education, ethnicity, most sexual risk behaviour and had similar knowledge scores on HPV transmission and vaccination. However, unvaccinated girls lived in more urbanised areas and were more likely to have a religious background. Irrespective of vaccination status, 81% of the girls were aware of the causal relationship between HPV and cervical cancer, but the awareness of the necessity of cervical screening despite being vaccinated was limited. Conclusions: HPV vaccine uptake was not associated with knowledge of HPV and with factors that are known to be associated with non-attendance to the cervical cancer screening program in the Netherlands. Furthermore, most sexual behaviour was not related to vaccination status meaning that teenage unvaccinated girls were not at a disproportionally higher risk of being exposed to HPV. Routine HPV vaccination may reduce the social inequity of prevention of cervical cancer.
OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF INTERFACE ACOUSTIC WA YES GUIDED BY THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN TWO ELASTIC SUBSTRATES

Surface acoustic waves propagating at the interface between two solids are very important for Non Destructive Evaluation of layered media [1]. Dispersion features and transmission losses of such waves strongly depend upon the elastic constants of the solids as well as the mechanical boundary conditions at the interface between the solids. One particular kind of interface waves is the Stoneley wave, which can exist at the interface between certain specifically combined elastic half-spaces in rigid contact [2]. The acoustic field of this wave, travelling with no loss along the interface, decays away from the interface in each medium (Fig. la). Murty studied interface waves in another extreme case, i.e. slip contact [3]. For such type of contact, only the normal stress and displacement components are continuous but shear stresses are cancelled at the interface. In the slip contact case, Murty's study revealed also that the conditions of existence of the Stoneley-like wave are much less rigorous. When material combinations and/or boundary conditions are not satisfied to support the Stoneley-like wave, interface waves may become lossy [3] and radiate acoustic energy through mode conversion into bulk waves (Fig. Ib), like the case of the leaky Rayleigh wave propagating at a solid-liquid interface. Besides, if the presence of a coupling layer between the two half-spaces is taken into account as in most practical conditions, the features of interface waves depends also on the viscoelastic parameters and thickness of the coupling layer[4,5]. Up till now, most of
Influence of bed slope and friction on the linear stability of planar beaches

A fully non-linear numerical model has been used to perform a linear stability analysis on planar sloping beaches. One of the main advantages of using a fully nonlinear model is the fact that no simplifications with respect to the physical formulation has to be made. This paper focuses on the influence of friction and bed slope on the wavelength, growth and migration rates of the fastest growing mode. The bed perturbation that has been found in all but one case is an up-current bar with two maxima. From the stability analysis it is found that an increase in the drag coefficient yields a decreasing wavelength and an increasing growth rate. Increasing the bed slope results in smaller wavelengths, whereas the growth rate has a maximum for a bed slope of 1%, irrespective of the friction coefficient. Furthermore, multiple modes, with different bed perturbations, exist in case of high friction and a small bed slope.
Yeast cells as a feed supplement for cattle. 2. Effect of liquid yeast cultures on digestive processes in the rumen of bulls

The experiment was carried out on 12 Blackand -White Lowland bulls w i th an average body weight o f 400 + 50 kg divided into 4 groups and fed concentrates and meadow hay according to the I N R A system. After 2 months o f adaptation, the level o f metabolites in the rumen was determined and the diet for the respective groups was supplemented wi th yeast cultures: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1026, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis brewery strains S K 1 , BS-Bratislava or wine strain T-81 . A l l yeast supplements caused changes in yeast cell density, protozoa number, p H , ammonia concen­ trat ion and V F A propor t ion in the rumen o f bulls. The greatest growth abil i ty and largest effect on fermentation in the rumen was demonstrated by the brewery strains, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1026. K E Y W O R D S : cattle, yeast, rumen, metabolism
Determinants of and obstacles to dual careers in Germany

Abstract Education expansion has led to an increasing proportion of couples in which both partners hold an academic degree. Although in these couples the potential for dual careers is high, their realization remains a great challenge, mostly due to restrictions on female careers. We argue that the chances of achieving dual careers depend not only on individual characteristics of each partner, but also on the constellation within couples with regard to age, profession, and child-rearing. We therefore look first at different characteristics within German academic couples and analyze how these enhance or constrain the chances of achieving dual careers. Then, we examine recruitment practices at German universities, especially their sensitivity regarding dual-career issues. Our results show that child rearing contributes to the risk of couples having a one-career coordination strategy and that gender-blind recruitment criteria contribute to a large extent to this risk. We further test two common explanations of the hindrance of dual careers and show that neither are women generally disadvantaged, nor does the age difference in couples gender-neutrally define the older partner’s career as the leading one. Keywords: dual careers, academic couples, Germany, family relationships, university, employment, careers ----- Zusammenfassung Die Bildungsexpansion hat dazu beigetragen, dass bei einem zunehmenden Anteil der Paare beide Partner uber einen akademischen Abschluss verfugen. Obgleich diese Partnerschaften ein hohes Potential fur Doppelkarrieren besitzen, so bleibt dessen Realisierung eine grose Herausforderung – oft aufgrund von Einschrankungen weiblicher Karrieren. Wir zeigen, dass nicht nur individuelle Merkmale der beiden Partner die Realisierungschancen von Doppelkarrieren beeinflussen, sondern auch Konstellationen innerhalb der Partnerschaft im Bezug auf Alter, Beruf und Kinder. Mit Blick auf Akademikerpaare untersuchen wir zunachst, wie unterschiedliche Paarkonstellationen die Realisierungschancen von Doppelkarrieren fordern oder behindern. In einem weiteren Schritt untersuchen wir Einstellungspraktiken an deutschen Hochschulen und deren Sensibilitat gegenuber Doppelkarrieren. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Kinder das Risiko bei Paaren erhohen, nur eine Karriere zu verfolgen, und dass geschlechtsblinde Einstellungskriterien zu diesem Risiko beitragen. Zudem werden wir die zwei herkommlichen Erklarungen zur Behinderung von Doppelkarrieren uberprufen und dabei zeigen, dass weder Frauen generell benachteiligt sind, noch dass ein Altersunterschied der Partner den Karrierevorrang des alteren Partners geschlechtsneutral definiert. Schlagworte: Doppelkarrieren, Akademikerpaare, Deutschland, familiare Beziehungen, Universitat, Hochschulen, Beruf, Karriere
Analysis of X-ray spectral variability and black hole mass determination of the NLS1 galaxy Mrk 766

We present an XMM-Newton time-resolved spectral analysis of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 766. We analysed eight available observations taken between May 2000 and June 2005 with the EPIC-pn camera in order to investigate the X-ray spectral variability produced by changes in the mass accretion rate. The 0.2−10 keV spectra are extracted in time bins longer than 3 ks to have at least 3 × 10 4 net counts in each bin and then accurately trace the variations of the best-fit parameters of our adopted Comptonization spectral model. We tested a bulk-motion Comptonization (BMC) model which is in general applicable to any physical system powered by accretion onto a compact object, and assumes that soft seed photons are efficiently up-scattered via inverse Compton scattering in a hot and dense electron corona. The Comptonized spectrum has a characteristic power law shape, whose slope was found to increase for large values of the normalization of the seed component, which is proportional to the mass accretion rate u m (in Eddington units). Our baseline spectral model also includes a warm absorber lying on the line of sight and radiation reprocessing from the accretion disc or from outflowing matter in proximity to the central compact object. Our study reveals that the normalization-slope correlation, observed in Galactic black hole sources (GBHs), also holds for Mrk 766: variations of the photon index in the range Γ ∼ 1.9−2. 4a re indeed likely to be related to the variations of u m, as observed in X-ray binary systems. We finally applied a scaling technique based on the observed correlation to estimate the BH mass in Mrk 766. This technique is commonly and successfully applied to measure masses of GBHs, and this is the first time it has been applied in detail to estimate the BH mass in an AGN. We obtained a value of MBH = 1.26 +1.00 −0.77 × 10 6 M � , which is in very good agreement with that estimated by the reverberation mapping.
PREVENTION VERSUS UTILIZATION OF EXCESS NUTRIENTS FROM ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS:THE CASE OF MANAGING NUTRIENT UNCERTAINTY

Nutrients are a major source of water quality impairment. This paper compares efficient use of nutrients in a wholly owned animal-crop production system versus an integrator-operator animal-crop production system and highlights the operator's tradeoff between prevention and utilization of excreted nutrients under conditions of uncertainty. Results derived from the comparison of different production systems are used to infer the consequences of implementation of nutrient land application restrictions, a key element in the recently drafted United States Department of Agriculture and United States Environmental Protection Agency Unified Strategy for Animal Feeding Operations.
The Saving-Investment Dynamics And Financial Sector Reforms in India

While many developing countries have reformed their financial systems over the last few decades, how an increased level of financial liberalization affects the saving-investment relationship remains unclear. This paper examines the dynamic relationship between the domestic saving and investment rates in India by controlling for the level of financial liberalization. Using data over the period 1950-2005, the results indicate that greater financial liberalization enables more domestic resources to be channeled to investment activities.
A numerical study of the barotropic circulation of the Rı́o de la Plata estuary : sensitivity to bathymetry , the Earth ’ s rotation and low frequency wind variability

The barotropic circulation of the Rı́o de la Plata is studied by means of process oriented high resolution 3-D numerical simulations, where its relation to the bathymetry, the Earth’s rotation, river runoff and low frequency wind fluctuations is explored. The model solutions indicate that the circulation at the Rı́o de la Plata is sensitive to bathymetry and the Earth’s rotation. Even though a bimodal circulation pattern has been reported in previous papers, our simulations suggest that in the absence of winds the normal path of the estuary flow should be a buoyant plume to the north. When the mean wind blows from directions between SSE and NNW this pattern is intensified. The southward path observed seems to be the result of the wind forcing when it acts from some directions, which explains why this path has only been sporadically registered. The wind driven circulation at the estuary can be explained in terms of two modes of circulation. The first, prevailing for winds with a cross-river component, is related to an infloweoutflow of water at the exterior part of the estuary and accounts for the seasonal signal observed in the salinity field. The second mode dominates when the wind blows along the estuary axis and has a very distinctive pattern of significant sea level increase or reduction at the upper part of the estuary. This mode accounts for two extreme situations often observed with important social implications: the Sudestada, which produces disastrous flooding, and the persistent northwest wind, which on occasions results in the collapse of the drinking water supply to the city of Buenos Aires. From the numerical experiments a dynamic classification of the estuary into three different regions with regard to bathymetry, the Earth’s rotation and winds is proposed. They are the uppercentral estuary, the exterior estuary and Samborombón Bay. Our solutions indicate that during the summer this bay has a weak and retentive circulation pattern that favors the biota, allowing the region to become an area of spawning and nursery for several coastal species. Nevertheless, our results also indicate that the situation that favors the fisheries could change sensitively if the mean wind direction suffers even a small shift to the south as a result, for example, of climate change. Results from historical water level data analyzed by other authors suggest that such a shift could already be taking place. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Incidence of keratinophilic fungi in areas of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh region, India

In an endeavor to search for some wild isolates of keratinophilic fungi from the Raipur City of Chhattisgarh, 24 soil samples from different regions of the city were collected and screened using hair baiting technique. A total of six species which belong to two genera were isolated. They are Chrysosporium keratinophilum (27.78%), Chrysosporium pannicola (5.56%), Chrysosporium tropicum (13.89%), Chrysosporium sp. (close to Chrysosporium pannicola) (11.11%), Chrysosporium sp. (16.67%) and Microsporum gypseum (25%). The Chrysosporium species prevalent in this region are able to tolerate temperature of about 40°C and all isolates belong to moderate individual risk group. Key words: Keratinophilic fungi, Raipur, Chrysosporium, Microsporum.
Multiple Threshold Effects for Temperature and Mortality

Heat waves and cold fronts have become frequent of late, and have caused serious disruptions around the world, especially in the mid- and high-latitudes. In future, human beings are likely to face more serious, frequent and long-lasting extreme climate events, with consequent greater damage to human life. This paper uses the multiple panel threshold model to test whether there are threshold effects between temperature and mortality, using a panel of 78 major cities in 22 OECD countries for 1990-2008. From the empirical analysis, we find that the relationship between temperature and mortality has three threshold effects, namely 15.21℉ (-9.33℃), 46.97℉ (8.32℃), and 87.53℉ (30.85℃). If the temperature is below 15.21℉ (-9.33℃), the magnitude of the temperature effect below 15.21℉ (-9.33℃) is greater than the effect between 15.21℉ (-9.33₀C) and 46.97℉ (8.32₀C). When the temperature exceeds 87.53℉ (30.85℃), higher temperature leads to higher mortality rate. Based on the estimated coefficients of mean temperatures in four regimes, we separate 78 cities into five areas with latitudes below 30°, 31°-40°, 41°-50°, and 61°-70°, and predict the impacts of future climate change on mortality for 2021-2040, 2041-2060, and 2061-2100. In summer, climate is predicted to increase mortality rates for 2021-2040, 2041-2060, and 2061-2100. For latitudes 41°-50° and 51°-60°, the increased mortality rate is much larger than for other latitudes. In winter, the increased magnitude induced by climate change is found to be greater than in summer.
Intrinsic Anisotropy of Shales

In this contribution modelling of the intrinsic elasticity of shales was based on information about the texture of shales with knowledge of elastic properties of the constituent minerals. The textural properties of shales were quantitatively described by an orientation distribution function (ODF). The method of volumetrically weighted averaging by the ODF was used to calculate the elastic constants of textured aggregate. Aggregate properties were determined on the basis of the Voigt, Reuss and Hill assumptions. Taking into account significant anisotropy of single crystal and, as result of it, wide separation of the Voigt and the Reuss (upper and lower) bounds the method of geometric mean was employed to further refine the intrinsic elasticity.
Random regression test-day model for the analysis of dairy cattle production data in South Africa: creating the framework

Genetic evaluation of dairy cattle using test-day models is now common internationally. In South Africa a fixed regression test-day model is used to generate breeding values for dairy animals on a routine basis. The model is, however, often criticized for erroneously assuming a standard lactation curve for cows in similar contemporary groups and homogeneity of additive genetic variances across lactation and for its inability to account for persistency of lactation. The random regression test-day model has been suggested as a more appropriate method and is currently implemented by several Interbull member-countries. This review traces the development of random regression methods and their adoption in test-day models. Comparisons are drawn with the fixed regression test-day model. The paper discusses reasons for suggesting the adoption of the random regression approach for dairy cattle evaluation in South Africa and identifies the key areas where research efforts should focus.
Morphodynamic development and sediment budget of the Dutch Wadden Sea over the last century

Abstract The availability of nearly 100 years of bathymetric measurements allows the analysis of the morphodynamic evolution of the Dutch Wadden Sea under rising sea level and increasing human constraint. The historically observed roll-over mechanisms of landward barrier and coastline retreat cannot be sustained naturally due to numerous erosion control measures that have fixed the tidal basin and barrier dimensions. Nevertheless, the large continuous sedimentation in the tidal basins (nearly 600 million m3), the retained inlets and the similar channel-shoal characteristics of the basins during the observation period indicate that the Wadden Sea is resilient to anthropogenic influence, and can import sediment volumes even larger than those needed to compensate the present rate of sea-level rise. The largest sedimentation occurs in the Western Wadden Sea, where the influence of human intervention is dominant. The large infilling rates in closed-off channels, and along the basin shoreline, rather than a gradual increase in channel flat heights, render it likely that this sedimentation is primarily a response to the closure of the Zuiderzee and not an adaptation to sea-level rise. Most of the sediments were supplied by the ebb-tidal deltas. It is, however, unlikely that the sediment volume needed to reach a new equilibrium morphology in the Western Wadden Sea can be delivered by the remaining ebb-tidal deltas alone.
Photo-grammetric measurements of swimming speed and body length of basking sharks observed around the Hebrides, Scotland

Photo-grammetric techniques developed for measuring body length and small scale movement patterns of cetaceans were applied to surface swimming basking sharks off the west coast of Scotland. These methods removed the need for close approaches, reducing the likelihood of disturbing the focal animal. Average swimming speed was calculated from the total path length between shark locations measured at approximately one minute intervals. These average speeds varied from 0.49 to 0.73 ms−1 for tracks of between 30 and 170 minutes' duration. Body length measurements ranged between 2.35 and 6.43 m. For ten sharks where body length and swimming speed were measured there was a significant correlation between body length (L) and swimming speed (V) expressed as V = 0.36L033.
CONSUMER CHOICE AMONG ALTERNATIVE RED MEATS

A multinomial logit model was estimated and used to analyze consumer choice between the best retail meat cut from four species of alternative livestock or "none of these" (all with equal retail prices). The data source, a 1997 survey of Louisiana households, included buffalo, emu, ostrich, and venison. The following were important variables in the respondents' selection among species of alternative livestock: sex, education and race of the respondent; previous consumption of meat from exotic animals; and respondent identification of venison as an exotic meat. The respondents also indicated some resistance to consuming meat from animals that they considered to be exotic. These results infer that producers and sellers of meat from exotic animals will have to overcome these perceptions to move their product beyond niche markets.
Morphological characterization of the Azikheli buffalo in Pakistan

This study aims to characterize Azikheli, an undocumented buffalo breed, in its home tract (Khwazakhela, Swat, Pakistan) under traditional farming conditions. For this purpose, 108 buffalo cows and 27 bulls were randomly selected. Mean, standard error, Student's t test and Chi-square test were used for various comparisons. The results show that the majority of animals have a brown coat colour. Cows have significantly higher heart girths, longer horns, longer necks and wider faces at the level of the eyes than bulls, whereas bulls have significantly longer bodies, longer ears, thicker horns, thicker necks and larger hooves than cows. Horns are flat laterally, directed backwards and then slightly upwards without twisting, leading to a sickle to semi-sickle appearance. Owing to its small body size and brown coat colour, the breed is well adapted to mountain slope grazing and thrives well away from swamps. Its adaptation to mountainous ecosystems warrants its in situ conservation.
Role of career development culture and senior management support in career development

This article is based on a review of knowledge and theory relating to the influencing factors of career development. The aim of this review was to identify areas that require research attention within the scope of development culture and senior management support as influencing factors of career development. The extant review of literature indicated that career development culture and senior management support has not yet been investigated as variables that are related with career development. None of prior studies have investigated how both of these factors are related with career development. Consequently this paper proposes scales of career development culture and senior management support that can be used in future studies, following a process of validation of scales.