Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reaction of dwarf cashew clones to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates in controlled environment

A cultura de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) e uma fonte de renda importante para a populacao do Nordeste brasileiro, sendo a antracnose causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides a doenca que mais conduz a perdas de sua producao. Entretanto, ha pouca informacao para a resistencia desse hospedeiro ou para a variacao na agressividade do patogeno em ambiente controlado. A reacao de clones comerciais (CCP-06, CCP-09, CCP-76 e CCP-1001) e um nao comercial (CAP-14) de cajueiros anao-precoce, contra 36 isolados desse fungo, foi avaliada sob condicoes controladas. Todos os isolados, incluindo os provenientes de diferentes hospedeiros, foram capazes de causar lesoes sobre folhas e hastes da maioria dos clones, ainda que em graus diferenciados. O clone CCP-06 foi o mais suscetivel, enquanto o clone CCP-1001 foi resistente a mais isolados, incluindo o 905, enquanto os isolados 910 e 912 foram agressivos a todos os clones testados. A injuria mecânica das folhas aumentou a suscetibilidade dos clones a todos os isolados, indicando que a resistencia pode tambem estar associada a barreiras estruturais que impedem a penetracao. Os pseudofrutos amadurecidos (8 semanas) dos clones comerciais avaliados, foram suscetiveis a ambos os isolados testados (905 e 910), mas os jovens (2 semanas), com excecao daqueles do clone CCP-76, suscetiveis aos dois isolados, apresentaram resistencia a ambos, sugerindo a acao de obstaculos estruturais e quimicos diferenciados. As castanhas desenvolvidas (8 semanas), no entanto, foram mais resistentes a ambos os isolados do que as jovens (2 semanas), talvez devido a espessa cuticula do exocarpo e baixo numero de estomatos.
The Antimicrobial Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Peganumharmala L Seeds on Clinically Isolated Gram Negative and Gram Positive Bacteria

The aim of the present study was assess the antimicrobial effect of Peganumharmala L seeds extracts by ethanol (80%) on gram negative and gram positive bacteria and four concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100) mg/ml were prepared. Four clinical isolates of bacteria were used; two were positive and two were negative bacteria; that include: Bacillus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The results showed that all concentration that have been used had antimicrobial effect against gram negative and gram positive bacteria and the best concentration that have the best antimicrobial effect was 100 mg/ml and the effect of alcoholic extraction was greater on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, also the antimicrobial effect of two antibiotics were tested on these four clinical isolates these antibiotics are imipeneme and gentamycin. The effect of imipeneme was greater than the effect of gentamycin also the effect of imipeneme on gram positive bacteria was greater than on gram negative bacteria. The synergistic effect of alcoholic extraction of PeganumharmalaL seeds and antibiotics was studied and the result show that the antimicrobial effect of antibiotics (imipeneme and gentamycin) was increased when these antibiotics discs were saturated with 100mg/ml of seeds extracts. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the alcoholic extracts of Peganumharmala L seeds on these four clinical isolates were tested and the result show that the MIC was: for Bacillus : 3.12 mg/ml , Staphylococcus aureus:1.56 mg/ml, Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 6.25 mg/ml and Escherichia coli:3.12 mg/ml) and the MBC was :( for Bacillus : 3.12 mg/ml , Staphylococcus aureus:3.12 mg/ml, Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 12.5 mg/ml and Escherichia coli: 6.25 mg/ml.
Social Group Dynamics and Patterns of Latin American Integration Processes

This article proposes to incorporate social psychology elements with mainstream political science and international relations theories to help understand the contradictions related to the integration processes in Latin America. Through a theoretical analysis, it contributes to the challenge proposed by Dabene (2009) to explain the “resilience” of the Latin American regional integration process in spite of its “instability and crises. ” Our main proposition calls for considering Latin America as a community and its regional organizations as “social groups. ” In conclusion, three phenomena from the field of social psychology and particularly social group dynamics shed light on these contradictory patterns: the value of the group and the emotional bond, groupthink, and cognitive dissonance.
University-Industry Collaboration in the European Regional Context: The Cases of Galicia and Apulia Region

Universities are one of the key actors within national and regional innovation systems. The nature of university-industry collaboration has changed during the last decades and it varies across countries and regions. Different factors determine the interaction among both organizations, from those related to the industrial structure of the territory to others related to institutional and legal frameworks. In this paper we aim at adding to the understanding of this process based on the comparison between two European regions, Apulia in Italy and Galicia in Spain. Our results show that a progressive transition from a separated to a more integrated approach has occurred at the relational framework affecting universities and industry in both regions. Public policies, particularly from the regional level, have been relevant for promoting university-industry collaboration in Galicia and Apulia. Nevertheless, there still remain cultural and institutional barriers, both from the academy and business sphere, which impede a closer and more fruitful interaction. Besides, the poor innovative culture of traditional industries which dominate in both regions, might affect university-industry interaction. However, an adjustment of the university offer in terms of research is also needed as we observe that collaboration is too much biased by the university scientific and departmental specialization and too little by local and regional industrial specialization.
Impacts of training on farmers' nitrogen use in maize production in Shandong, China

Inorganic fertilizer plays an important role in increasing Chinese food production. However, recent studies showed that Chinese farmers have been significantly overusing nitrogen (N) fertilizer. The overall goal of this study is to investigate the impact of delivering information and knowledge regarding appropriate N fertilizer use in maize production. Based on an experimental study, which provided training to farmers in maize production in the North China Plain, the present study finds that training does have a positive impact on farmer practices. Indeed, the training was effective in reducing overall N fertilizer use by 22%, though the N application after training was still higher than the level recommended by scientists. These findings have important implications for China's extension system, as well as its efforts to reduce nonpoint pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Hydrogen adsorption on graphene and coronene

This thesis investigates hydrogen adsorption on graphene and coronene within the framework of density functional theory. The new nonlocal van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) method is used: the original version, vdW-DF1, and the new higher accuracy version, vdW-DF2. Hydrogen adsorption is studied in the context of formation of molecular hydrogen in interstellar space, a process thought to depend on hydrogen adsorbing on a graphitic surface. Calculations were done for hydrogen above coronene and graphene with both vdW-DF1 and vdW-DF2 to investigate how these functionals perform in the case of hydrogen adsorption on a graphitic surface. All calculations were performed with the software GPAW in a non-self consistent way based on underlying selfconsistent GGA (revPBE) calculations. The results show that vdW-DF2 predicts hydrogen to physisorb on a graphitic surface with an essentially site independent adsorption energy of ≈70meV at a distance of 2.85-3. 0Å from the surface. The physisorption energy is overestimated by 30meV compared to experiment and accurate quantum chemical studies, but the binding distance is in good agreement. The functional vdWDF1 gives around the same adsorption energy and adsorption distance. In the case of physisorption coronene seems to be a good model of graphene, provided the adsorption sites are in the vicinity of the innermost carbon ring. The results also show a barrier between the chemisorption and physisorption wells of up to 597meV, which is high. However, this result was obtained in the absence of relaxations in the vdW-DF2 study. Atomic relaxations affect the chemisorption behaviour and energies and I expect that the barrier will be significantly lower in calculations which includes the chemisorption-induced morphology changes of the coronene or graphene substrates. In the barrier region it was also hard to make the calculations converge due to partial spin-polarisation of the system. With tougher limits for convergence in the barrier region it is possible that the height will be lower. The calculations performed in this thesis indicate that it is important to use a spin-polarised description of the physics to get accurate results for hydrogen adsorption on a graphitic surface.
The effectiveness of cash management policies: a case study of Hunyani flexible products

The study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of cash management policies at Hunyani Flexible Products (HFP) using data from 2000-2010. Other objectives of the study were to identify the key processes and models in cash management; examine the impact of poor cash management on the overall company performance and come up with strategies that can lead to an effective cash management system. The descriptive survey method was used to solicit information from the respondents and a case study approach was used. The research study was confined to respondents at Hunyani. Flexible Products where a sample of forty (30) respondents was drawn. Data was obtained through interviews, administering questionnaires and by observations. From the research findings, it was established that there is a high deficiency of an effective cash management policy although some attributes of an effective management system were present. The study found that there is a positive relationship between the level of cash flow and the profitability of the company. The research concluded that, cash management is a culture that forms part of the strategy of companies and depends more on managers themselves than the characteristics of companies.
Manejo de Sagittaria montevidensis resistente aos mecanismos de ação da ALS e do FSII com saflufenacil associado a diferentes adjuvantes

This study aimed at evaluating the effective rates of saflufenacil and adjuvants for controlling Sagittaria montevidensis (sagitaria) populations resistant to ALS and photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor herbicides, and phytotoxicity to the Epagri 108 rice cultivar. Two biotypes of sagitaria (SAGMO) were tested: SAGMO 10 – with cross resistance to ALS inhibitor herbicides, and SAGMO 32 - with multiple resistance to ALS and PSII inhibitor herbicides. Treatments consisted of three different saflufenacil rates: 75; 112.5 and 150 g a.i. ha -1 with the addition of adjuvants Dash HC ® (0.5% v/v); Assist ® (1% v/v); Iharaguen-S ® (0.5% v/v) or Veget’Oil ® (1 L ha -1 ). Evaluation focused on arrowhead control, phytotoxicity and shoot dry weight (DMAP) of the Epagri 108 rice cultivar. The saflufenacil rates of 75 to 150 g a.i. ha -1 did not provide efficient control for both sagitaria biotypes. Addition of the adjuvants Veget’Oil ® , Assist ® or Iharaguen-S ® to saflufenacil did not alter the control efficiency of herbicide resistant sagitaria populations. The Epagri 108 cultivar presented selectivity to saflufenacil until 150 g a.i. ha -1 , without reducing DMAP. The phytotoxicity caused by saflufenacil, to the rice plants was minimal with the addition of Veget’Oil ® . Rice plants shoot dry matter was not affected, regardless of the adjuvant used. Saflufenacil can be used until the rate of 150 g a.i. ha -1 associated with adjuvant Veget’Oil ® for the management of sagitaria in rice fields, but it does not provide adequate control of biotypes SAGMO 10 and SAGMO 32.
Cluster pinch-point densities in polygons

In a statistical cluster or loop model such as percolation, or more generally the Potts models or O(n) models, a pinch point is a single bulk point where several distinct clusters or loops touch. In a polygon harboring such a model in its interior and with 2N sides exhibiting free/fixed side-alternating boundary conditions, boundary clusters anchor to the fixed sides of . At the critical point and in the continuum limit, the density (i.e. frequency of occurrence) of pinch-points between s distinct boundary clusters at a bulk point is proportional to The wi are the vertices of , ψc1 is a conformal field theory (CFT) corner one-leg operator, and Ψs is a CFT bulk 2s-leg operator. In this paper, we use the Coulomb gas formalism to construct explicit contour integral formulas for these correlation functions and thereby calculate the density of various pinch-point configurations at arbitrary points in the rectangle, in the hexagon, and for the case s = N, in the 2N-sided polygon at the system’s critical point. Explicit formulas for these results are given in terms of algebraic functions or integrals of algebraic functions, particularly Lauricella functions. In critical percolation, the result for s = N = 2 gives the density of red bonds between boundary clusters (in the continuum limit) inside a rectangle. We compare our results with high-precision simulations of critical percolation and Ising FK clusters in a rectangle of aspect ratio two and in a regular hexagon, and we find very good agreement.
SINGLE DROPLET EXPERIMENTATION ON SPRAY DRYING: EVAPORATION OF SESSILE DROPLETS DEPOSITED ON A FLAT SURFACE

Abstract: Individually dispensed droplets were dried on a flat surface to mimic the drying of single droplets during spray drying. A robust dispensing process is presented that generates small droplets (dp>150 µm). A predictive model based on Bernoulli’s law accurately describes droplet size with varying liquids and dispensing parameters. Shrinkage of the droplets, monitored with a camera, was described using mass balance equations. Finally, a Sherwood correlation was derived to describe the mass transfer coefficient for sessile droplets. This work forms the basis for the development of a platform for high throughput experimentation on spray drying.
Temperature dependence of thermal expansion and elastic constants of single crystals of ZrB2 and the suitability of ZrB2 as a substrate for GaN film

Coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and elastic constants of single crystals of ZrB2 have been determined in the temperature ranges from room temperature to 1073 K and from room temperature to 1373 K, respectively. The elastic constants of ZrB2 are best characterized by the large value of the Young modulus (as high as 500 GPa) and the small values of the Poisson ratio (0.13–0.15), indicating the high stiffness and hardness and the brittleness, respectively. The values of CTE along the a- and c-axis directions are 6.66×10−6 and 6.93×10−6 K−1, respectively, when averaged over the temperature range from room temperature to 1073 K. The CTE value along the a-axis direction of ZrB2 is only moderately larger than the corresponding value for GaN. This together with the small lattice mismatch along the a-axis direction between ZrB2 and GaN in the heteroepitaxial orientation relationship of (0001)GaN//(0001)ZrB2 and 〈1120〉GaN//〈1120〉ZrB2 indicate that only a small compressive stress develops in the GaN thin-f.
High functional complexity despite an extremely small repertoire of calls in the Spotted Crake ( Porzana porzana )

Vocal learning and nonlearning birds frequently use the same habitats and are subject to similar selection pressures. However, although the repertoires of learning species are usually more complex, we know much less about how nonlearners encode information in acoustic signals. The present study describes the use of 3 basic mechanisms of acoustic encoding in signals of a vocal nonlearner: in repertoire, in acoustic structure, and in the temporal distribution of sounds. The study is based on observations of a simulated territorial intrusion in the Spotted Crake (Porzana porzana), a cryptic rail from Western and Central Eurasia. Males produced 5 types of calls. The loudest, the whitt call, consisted of 2 independent sounds with different fundamental frequencies: a soft and low F call and a loud and high G call. Before the playback, all males produced calls that consisted of both frequencies (FþG calls), and most of the birds still produced such calls after the playback. Only birds that approached the speaker during the playback produced F calls, FþG calls with a muffled G fundamental, and structurally distinctive soft rumble calls, whereas only birds that did not approach the speaker used G calls. These data suggest that males’ engagement in aggressive interaction was associated with muting G or F fundamentals. The acoustic structure of whitt calls varied significantly between preplayback and postplayback recordings, and between approaching and nonapproaching males. However, certain acoustic parameters retained a high potential for individual recognition despite the playback. Finally, males lengthened their between-call intervals as they approached the speaker, which suggested that there was a link between the temporal distribution of calls and the aggressive motivation of males. Although they have a small repertoire of calls with innately programmed structures, Spotted Crakes modify their calling on many different planes and produce a high diversity of signals.
An Assessment of Consumer Ethnocentrism Tendencies Scale among University Students: The case of Turkish and Bosnian Students

The process of globalization and liberalization of markets brought new challenges and opportunities for both, local and global businesses. A number of studies explored consumer ethnocentric tendencies by making use of CETSCALE, universally accepted measure of the phenomenon developed by Shimp and Sharma in 1987. The present study aims to explore levels of consumer ethnocentrism among university students studying at the International University of Sarajevo using the quantitative research method utilizing the survey originally developed by Shimp and Sharma consisting of 17 questions for inferential statistics, plus four questions added by the author for descriptive statistics to explain differences arising due to demographic characteristics of respondents, including nationality, gender, age and income level. Research was carried out in cross-sectional time-frame study manner utilizing convenience sampling methodology. The questionnaire responses were collected from 150 respondents; freshmen and postgraduate Turkish and Bosnian students in paper form. The CETSCALE value of 79.60 for Bosnian students compared to 74.22 for Turkish indicates that Bosnian students tend to be slightly more ethnocentric consumers than Turkish. Additionally, value of CETSCALE of 84.37 for postgraduates compared to 74.24 for freshmen indicates positive relationship between level of consumer ethnocentrism and level of education. Comparing results with those obtained by other researchers in developed countries, both Bosnian and Turkish students showed higher levels of consumer ethnocentrism. High preference for domestic products expressed by Bosnian students might be a signal for domestic companies to focus more on this population in terms of adjusting their products and marketing activities.
Challenges to modelling heave in expansive soils

There are challenges associated with the numerical modelling of unsaturated expansive soils. The challenges are primarily related to the quantification of the void ratio constitutive surface, the characterization of the void ratio constitutive surface at low stresses and (or) suction, and the solution of coupled equations with several nonlinear unsaturated soil property functions. This study suggests that the void ratio constitutive surface of an expansive soil subject to a monotonic wetting path can be estimated from volume change indices obtained from conventional laboratory tests. The constitutive surfaces for both the soil structure and the water phase can be described using mathematical equations that allow net normal stress and suction to be reduced to zero. The solutions for two typical volume change problems are presented using both a coupled approach and an uncoupled approach. The first example problem simulates water leakage from a pipe under a flexible cover. The second example problem simulate.
Internal Labor Migration as a Shock Coping Strategy: Evidence from a Typhoon

We analyze how internal labor migration facilitates shock coping in rural economies. Employing high-precision satellite data, we identify objective variations in the inundations generated by a catastrophic typhoon in Vietnam and match them with household panel data before and after the shock. We find that, following a massive drop in income, households cope mainly through labor migration to urban areas. Households with settled migrants ex ante receive more remittances. Nonmigrant households react by sending new members away who then remit similar amounts than established migrants. This mechanism is most effective with long-distance migration, while local networks fail to provide insurance. (JEL J61, O15, P25, P36, Q54, R23)