Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preconditioning, organ preservation, and postconditioning to prevent ischemia‐reperfusion injury to the liver

Ischemia and reperfusion lead to injury of the liver. Ischemia‐reperfusion injury is inevitable in liver transplantation and trauma and, to a great extent, in liver resection. This article gives an overview of the mechanisms involved in this type of injury and summarizes protective and treatment strategies in clinical use today. Intervention is possible at different time points: during harvesting, during the period of preservation, and during implantation. Liver preconditioning and postconditioning can be applied in the transplant setting and for liver resection. Graft optimization is merely possible in the period between the harvest and the implantation. Given that there are 3 stages in which a surgeon can intervene against ischemia‐reperfusion injury, we have structured the review as follows. The first section reviews the approaches using surgical interventions, such as ischemic preconditioning, as well as pharmacological applications. In the second section, static organ preservation and machine perfusion are addressed. Finally, the possibility of treating the recipient or postconditioning is discussed. Liver Transpl 15:1172–1182, 2009. © 2009 AASLD.
Systems Analysis of the Response of Photosynthesis, Metabolism, and Growth to an Increase in Irradiance in the Photosynthetic Model Organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[C][W][OPEN]

Systems analysis reveals that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii responds flexibly to an increase in light intensity. Rising metabolite levels and posttranslation regulation facilitate a rapid increase in the rate of carbon fixation and a slightly delayed increase in the rate of growth, while slower changes in protein abundance adjust allocation and relieve potential bottlenecks under the new conditions. We investigated the systems response of metabolism and growth after an increase in irradiance in the nonsaturating range in the algal model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In a three-step process, photosynthesis and the levels of metabolites increased immediately, growth increased after 10 to 15 min, and transcript and protein abundance responded by 40 and 120 to 240 min, respectively. In the first phase, starch and metabolites provided a transient buffer for carbon until growth increased. This uncouples photosynthesis from growth in a fluctuating light environment. In the first and second phases, rising metabolite levels and increased polysome loading drove an increase in fluxes. Most Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) enzymes were substrate-limited in vivo, and strikingly, many were present at higher concentrations than their substrates, explaining how rising metabolite levels stimulate CBC flux. Rubisco, fructose-1,6-biosphosphatase, and seduheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase were close to substrate saturation in vivo, and flux was increased by posttranslational activation. In the third phase, changes in abundance of particular proteins, including increases in plastidial ATP synthase and some CBC enzymes, relieved potential bottlenecks and readjusted protein allocation between different processes. Despite reasonable overall agreement between changes in transcript and protein abundance (R2 = 0.24), many proteins, including those in photosynthesis, changed independently of transcript abundance.
Aspartate-glutamate-alanine-histidine box motif (DEAH)/RNA helicase A helicases sense microbial DNA in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) senses microbial DNA and triggers type I IFN responses in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Previous studies suggest the presence of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent DNA sensors other than TLR9 in pDCs. Using MS, we investigated C-phosphate-G (CpG)-binding proteins from human pDCs, pDC-cell lines, and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7)-expressing B-cell lines. CpG-A selectively bound the aspartate-glutamate-any amino acid-aspartate/histidine (DExD/H)-box helicase 36 (DHX36), whereas CpG-B selectively bound DExD/H-box helicase 9 (DHX9). Although the aspartate-glutamate-alanine-histidine box motif (DEAH) domain of DHX36 was essential for CpG-A binding, the domain of unknown function 1605 (DUF1605 domain) of DHX9 was required for CpG-B binding. DHX36 is associated with IFN-α production and IRF7 nuclear translocation in response to CpG-A, but DHX9 is important for TNF-α and IL-6 production and NF-κB activation in response to CpG-B. Knocking down DHX9 or DHX36 significantly reduced the cytokine responses of pDCs to a DNA virus but had no effect on the cytokine responses to an RNA virus. We further showed that both DHX9 and DHX36 are localized within the cytosol and are directly bound to the Toll-interleukin receptor domain of MyD88 via their helicase-associated domain 2 and DUF domains. This study demonstrates that DHX9/DHX36 represent the MyD88-dependent DNA sensors in the cytosol of pDCs and suggests a much broader role for DHX helicases in viral sensing.
Carbon monoxide poisoning − a cause of increased QT dispersion

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is associated with direct cardiovascular toxicity. QT dispersion (QTd) of the ECG is an indirect measure of heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization, which may contribute to ventricular arrhythmias. Our aim was to study QTd in patients with acute CO poisoning.
Detection of Delta-like 1 ligand for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: An effective and rapid diagnostic method

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of Delta-like 1 ligand (DLL1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, in tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Methods Patients with a definite diagnosis of central nervous system infection (TBM, viral meningitis/encephalitis or bacterial meningitis) were prospectively enrolled alongside patients with intracranial metastatic tumour and patients with no diagnosis (who served as controls). DLL1 content in CSF and serum was measured quantitatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; analyses were blinded. Results A total of 173 patients were enrolled: 62 with TBM; 38 with viral meningitis/encephalitis; 26 with bacterial meningitis; 17 with intracranial metastatic tumour; 30 with no diagnosis. CSF DLL1 content was highest for TBM; there were no differences in CSF DLL1 between the other groups. Serum DLL1 content was highest for the TBM and intracranial metastatic tumour groups, with significant differences between the TBM group and the viral meningitis/encephalitis, bacterial meningitis and nondiagnosed groups. There were no differences in serum DLL1 between the viral meningitis/encephalitis, bacterial meningitis and nondiagnosed groups, or between the TBM group and the tumour group. Conclusion As a new biomarker, DLL1 may be of great clinical importance in the diagnosis of TBM.
The extremely resorbed mandible, 10-year results of a randomized controlled trial on 3 treatment strategies.

OBJECTIVES To prospectively compare the clinical and radiographic results of three modes of implant treatment for implant-retained mandibular overdentures in patients with extremely resorbed mandibles. The three treatment strategies used were (1) a transmandibular implant, (2) augmentation of the mandible with an autologous bone graft followed by placement of four endosseous implants, and (3) placement of four short endosseous implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty edentulous patients met the inclusion criteria and were assigned according to a balanced allocation method to 1 of the 3 treatment strategies. Implant survival, surgical retreatment rates, and peri-implant bone loss were assessed according to a standardized protocol during a 10-year evaluation period. RESULTS During the evaluation period, significantly more implants were lost in the transmandibular implant (cumulative 10-year implant survival rate, 76.3%) and the augmentation groups (88%) compared to the group provided with short endosseous implants (98.8%). The 10-year retreatment rate was significantly more favorable in the endosseous implants only (0%) and augmentation groups (5%) compared to the transmandibular group (30%). In all three groups, there was minor peri-implant bone loss. DISCUSSION Although implant loss is a frequently used outcome measure for success, the necessity of surgical retreatment seems to be of more relevance for both the patient and the clinician. CONCLUSION Considering the favorable clinical and radiographic parameters and the fact that patients can be treated in outdoor clinic setting, the use of short endosseous implants in combination with an overdenture is the first choice of treatment in patients with extremely resorbed mandibles.
A New Type of Stability Theorem for Stochastic Systems With Application to Stochastic Stabilization

In this note, a new type of stability theorem for stochastic systems is established firstly. Based on this stability theorem and its corollaries, stochastic stabilization and destabilization by noise are further investigated. In the note, the local Lipschitz condition is weakened to the generalized local Lipschitz condition. The commonly used linear growth condition or one-side linear growth condition is weakened to the generalized one-side linear growth condition, which is local, variable and nonlinear, admits nearly arbitrary variability in the time and real nonlinearity in the state. As an application, a simple and direct design method is proposed for finding a noise strength g̅(t,x) so that the added noise g̅(t,x)dB̅(t) stabilizes an unstable stochastic system or destabilizes a stable one. A numerical example is presented at the end of the note to illustrate the usage and efficiency of the proposed design method of the note.
Categorisation of pleural fluids in routine clinical practice: analysis of pleural fluid protein and lactate dehydrogenase alone compared with modified Light’s criteria

Modified Light’s criteria are widely used to categorise pleural fluids as either exudates or transudates. These criteria include fluid/serum ratios and therefore require a blood sample. It is not clear whether analysis of pleural fluid alone would alter pleural fluid categorisation in routine clinical practice. In this study, pleural fluids were categorised using cut-off values for pleural fluid protein (⩾30 g/l) and lactate dehydrogenase (>0.45 of upper limit of the serum reference interval) recommended as providing optimal discrimination between transudates and exudates. The resultant categorisations were compared with those produced by application of modified Light’s criteria. 77 pleural fluid specimens were included for analysis. Using modified Light’s criteria, 32 fluids were categorised as transudates and 45 as exudates. Applying the pleural fluid cut-off values as outlined above, 26 fluids were categorised as transudates and 51 as exudates. Agreement was observed in 71/77 or 92.2% (95% confidence interval 86.2 to 98.2). It was concluded that in most cases, analysis of pleural fluid protein and lactate dehydrogenase alone produces the same categorisation as modified Light’s criteria. Omission of a blood sample rarely affects the categorisation of pleural fluids in routine clinical practice.
Capabilities Unveiled: The Role of Ordinary Activities in the Evolution of Product Development Processes

In contrast to the prevailing interpretation of capabilities as collectives, this inductive study of product development in a leading design firm highlights the centrality of the myriad ordinary activities that may shape the evolution of capabilities. A detailed comparison of 90 diverse product development processes over a 15-year period shows, first, that mindful microactivities carried out by individuals in and around the organization and at all levels of the organizational hierarchy are central in shaping the content of the product development capability and its dynamic adaptation. Understanding organizational renewal and competitive advantage may hence require a partial shift in focus from capabilities as aggregate entities, to the practical realities of core organizational processes. Second, this more fine-grained perspective leads to a set of insights on how organizational renewal may be partially shaped by timely managerial interventions aimed at encoding successful experiments into higher-level organizational capabilities. Third, higher-level capabilities resulting from the conversion of heterogeneous experiences display higher process homogeneity and a permanent increase in performance, because of stabilization of managerial attention. My findings contribute to unveiling the concept of capabilities, extending prior research on dynamic capabilities and organizational renewal and providing a lens for research on the microfoundations of capability evolution and organizational advantage.
The social context and politics of large scale urban architecture: Investigating the design of Barcode, Oslo

The well-known and much investigated rise of urban entrepreneurial policies has fuelled a transformation of urban spaces and landscapes, and has led to changes in the social composition of city centres. This is the case for Oslo, Norway’s capital, where increasingly urban policies are designed to attract transnational companies and those in the creative class. A key strategy to achieve this has been to transform the city’s waterfront through spectacular architecture and urban design, as has taken place in other European cities. Transnational and local architects have been commissioned to design the Barcode, one of the most striking waterfront projects. This article investigates the role of architecture and architects in this process, because architects can be seen as influential generators of urban spaces and agents for social change, and because there is remarkably little published empirical research on this specific role of architects. It is argued that although there was an overall planning goal that the projects along the waterfront of Oslo should contribute to social sustainability, with the implication that planners and architects possessed information about the local urban context and used this knowledge, in practice this was not the case. It is demonstrated that the architects paid little attention to the social, cultural and economic contexts in their design process. Rather, the architects emphasized the creation of an exciting urban space and, in particular, designed spectacular architecture that would contribute to the merits of the firms involved. It is further argued that because of this the Barcode project will not contribute to the making of a just city.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIOSEXULAITY AND SEXUAL ASSAULT PERPETRATION by

SOCIOSEXULAITY AND SEXUAL ASSAULT PERPETRATION by Emily Renee Mouilso (Under the direction of Karen S. Calhoun) ABSTRACT The present study suggests that personality traits play a larger role in sexual assault perpetration in college samples than was once believed. Specifically, perpetrators report more willingness to engage in sexual relations without closeness or commitment (i.e., less restricted sociosexuality), and the present study suggests that higher levels of trait narcissism and trait psychopathy mediate this association. A large (N = 355) sample of college men self-reported their levels of trait narcissism, trait psychopathy, sociosexuality, sexual assault perpetration, and Five Factor Model (FFM) traits. Results suggested perpetrators reported higher levels of trait psychopathy and the grandiose, but not the vulnerable, type of trait narcissism. Disagreeableness partially mediated the relationship between sexual assault perpetration and both grandiose narcissism and psychopathy. Finally, measures of grandiose narcissism and psychopathy partially mediated the relationship between sociosexuality and sexual assault perpetration.
Neuroanatomical Substrates of Rodent Social Behavior: The Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Its Projection Patterns

Social behavior encompasses a number of distinctive and complex constructs that form the core elements of human imitative culture, mainly represented as either affiliative or antagonistic interactions with conspecifics. Traditionally considered in the realm of psychology, social behavior research has benefited from recent advancements in neuroscience that have accelerated identification of the neural systems, circuits, causative genes and molecular mechanisms that underlie distinct social cognitive traits. In this review article, I summarize recent findings regarding the neuroanatomical substrates of key social behaviors, focusing on results from experiments conducted in rodent models. In particular, I will review the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and downstream subcortical structures in controlling social behavior, and discuss pertinent future research perspectives.
Implementation of the Software Quality Ranks method in the legacy product development environment

Software Quality Ranks (SQR) is an important method to manage and improve software quality. Component software quality has a major influence in development project lead-time and cost. SQR enables better management and visibility of the quality effort associated with the component implementation. It also provides a roadmap for continuous improvement leading to value add quality attributes like low maintenance, self-optimizing software and short development lifecycles. SQR method focuses attention to prioritizing the quality investment on design component level through different quality assurance mechanisms (basic test, code review, desk checks, documentation and other actions). The resulting design delivery to verification phase will be more predictable quality software with shorter lead-time and Time-To-Market (TTM).
A mouse model for HIV-1 entry

Passive transfer of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 can prevent infection in macaques and seems to delay HIV-1 rebound in humans. Anti-HIV antibodies are therefore of great interest for vaccine design. However, the basis for their in vivo activity has been difficult to evaluate systematically because of a paucity of small animal models for HIV infection. Here we report a genetically humanized mouse model that incorporates a luciferase reporter for rapid quantitation of HIV entry. An antibody’s ability to block viral entry in this in vivo model is a function of its bioavailability, direct neutralizing activity, and effector functions.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEIGHT VELOCITY AND GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN SHORT PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN

We have performed 24 h growth hormone (GH) profiles in 50 short prepubertal children aged between 5.2 and 12‐9 years, growing with height velocity standard deviation scores (SDS) between 0.4 and ‐3.9. There was an asymptotic relationship between height velocity and spontaneous G H secretion described by the equation: height velocity SDS = A – B(e cx), where A B and C are constants and x is a measure of spontaneous G H secretion. We considered G H pulse amplitude to be the better description of spontaneous G H secretion as duration of the G H pulse (the time component of area under the curve) contributed little to the relationship between height velocity and area under the pulse. The distribution of G H secretion was continuous and there was no dividing point between G H insufficiency and sufficiency. Similar overlap was observed when the results of G H responses to insulin induced hypoglycaemia were considered; 14% of slowly growing children (height velocity S D S < –0‐8), had a response >15mU/l. Likewise serum I G F‐I concentrations could not clearly separate slowly growing children from normal individuals. We conclude that height velocity, which ultimately determines height achieved, is controlled predominately by G H pulse amplitude. The findings suggest that short normal children growing along or parallel to the third height centile could be made to grow faster by the administration of exogenous G H.
Alveolar recruitment maneuver attenuates extravascular lung water in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Background: The alveolar recruitment maneuver (RM) has been reported to improve oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may be related to reduced extravascular lung water (EVLW) in animals. This study was designed to investigate the effects of RM on EVLW in patients with ARDS. Methods: An open label, prospective, randomized controlled trial including patients with ARDS was conducted in hospitals in North Taiwan between 2010 and 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups (with and without RM). The primary endpoint was the comparison of the EVLW index between the 2 groups. Results: Twenty-four patients with ARDS on mechanical ventilator support were randomized to receive ventilator treatment with RM (RM group, n = 12) or without RM (non-RM group, n = 12). Baseline demographic characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. After recruitment, the day 3 extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) (25.3 ± 9.3 vs 15.5 ± 7.3 mL/kg, P = .008) and the arterial oxygen tension/fractional inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) (132.3 ± 43.5 vs 185.6 ± 38.8 mL/kg, P = .003) both improved over that of day 1. However, both EVLWI and PaO2/FiO2 did not significantly change from day 1 to 3 in the non-RM group. Conclusion: RM is a feasible method for improving oxygenation and the EVLW index in patients with ARDS, as well as for decreasing ventilator days and intensive care unit stay duration.
Early Evaluation of Relative Changes in Tumor Stiffness by Shear Wave Elastography Predicts the Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Breast Cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plays an important role in comprehensive therapy for breast cancer, but response prediction is imperfect. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a novel technique that can quantitatively evaluate tissue stiffness. In this study, we sought to investigate the application value of SWE for early prediction of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
Insights into Departure Intention: A Qualitative Case Study.

Efforts to address attrition rates at universities have been driven by Tinto's (1975) model of student engagement with its focus on student: (a) pre entry attributes; (b) academic engagement; and (c) social engagement. Using an ethnographic approach, the study involves interviews with business students to explore the links between these aspects and departure intention. The results demonstrate that pre entry attributes were an important influence on student departure intention whereas a student's academic and social experiences were less influential. The analysis provides insights for educators and in particular business educators in the development of strategies to address various aspects of student engagement and attrition.
Empirical Study Relations Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention

This study aims to examine the relationship model of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. This research was conducted at the manufacturing company in Yogyakarta and Surakarta, with a sample of 206 employees. Testing four models of the relationship is done by using structural equation modeling with AMOS program. Results of this study show that most models fit to the data are partially mediated model of multidimensional organizational commitment. This study confirmed previous research showing that states that job satisfaction and organizational commitment showed a positive and significant relationship. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction also showed a negative and significant relationship with turnover intention. In addition, organizational commitment is stronger predictor intention to turnover than job satisfaction. Effect of job satisfaction on turnover intention showed inconsistent results that are influenced by many other variables.