Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Alu VpA Marker on chromosome 1 demonstrates that replication errors manifest at the adenoma‐carcinoma transition in sporadic colorectal tumors

Widespread mutations in simple tandemly repeated (STR) DNA sequences are frequently found in colorectal tumors from patients with hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and less frequently in sporadic colorectal cancers. The aims of this study were to determine the type of DNA sequence most commonly affected by such mutations and to examine the point in the natural history of the tumor where replication errors (RERs) appear. An unselected series of colorectal tumors (49 adenomas and 108 carcinomas) was examined with 4 different STR markers: one Alu VpA polymorphism (MYCL1), one tetranucleotide repeat (D17S846), one dinucleotide repeat (D3S1029), and one polyA repeat (APΔ3Δ). All 3 positive adenomas and 18 of 20 positive carcinomas showed replication errors in the Alu VpA sequence at the MYCL1 locus, making this marker more than twice as sensitive as the best of the other 3 markers. Importantly, all positive adenomas showed small foci of carcinoma in situ. This suggests that replication errors manifest at the adenoma/carcinoma transition in sporadic colorectal tumors.
Seasonal changes in androgen receptor immunoreactivity in the song nucleus HVc of a wild bird

In seasonally breeding songbirds, song behavior and neural morphology change seasonally. Song control nuclei are larger during the breeding season, as determined by multiple cytological labels. Seasonal changes in song nuclei are regulated by testosterone (T), and several song nuclei contain intracellular androgen receptors (AR). Changes in AR levels may interact with changes in plasma T levels to regulate song nuclei morphology.
Extra-Cranial Bleeding and Other Symptoms due to Low Dose Aspirin and Low Intensity Oral Anticoagulation

Summary Data from the early stages of the thrombosis prevention trial (TPT) have been used to establish and quantify the risk of extracranial bleeding due to low dose aspirin (75 mg) and low intensity oral anticoagulation with warfarin (international normalised ratio, INR, 1.5) singly or in combination, in men aged between 45 and 69 who are at high risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). The design of the trial is factorial, the four treatments being combined low dose aspirin and low intensity anticoagulation (WA), low intensity anticoagulation alone (W), low dose aspirin alone (A) and double placebo treatment (P). The trial is being carried out through the Medical Research Council’s General Practice Research Framework, with participating practices throughout the United Kingdom. Results are based on the first 3,667 men entered. The risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding due to active treatment is probably about 1 in 500 man-years of treatment, there currently being no difference between the three active regimes (WA, W, A). Intermediate and minor bleeding episodes occur more frequently with WA than with W or A on their own, the excess being mainly due to minor nose bleeds and bruises. In turn, both W and A on their own cause more such minor episodes than placebo treatment, P. There is no evidence that any of the three active regimes increases the risk of peptic ulceration, nor do they increase reports of indigestion. Aspirin increases reports of constipation and reduces reports of blurred vision. Minor bleeding occurs less frequently in smokers than in non-smokers but is not influenced by age. The antithrombotic regimes used are feasible and acceptable. So far, combined treatment and treatment with warfarin alone are not associated with more frequent serious hazards than low dose aspirin on its own, a regime that is increasingly used in clinical practice. The results provide a measure of reassurance for further trials of low intensity oral anticoagulation with warfarin alone or in combination with low dose aspirin.
A study on the ecological habit of Armigeres subalbatus in Dawa area of the Mengshan Mountain in Shandong Province.

Armigeres subalbatus (A.s.) was reported in Shandong Province for the first time in 1965 and found in five counties of south Shandong including Pingyi, Linyi etc. in 1986. In Dawa area of the Mengshan mountain A.s. alults could be found in the first ten days of May, which increased in number in July, and become the dominant species in mosquito colonies in Aug. and Sept. , then decreased gradually in number in Oct. and disappeared in Nov. There were two peaks of activity and blood-sucking behavior during the 24 hours of a day, one at dusk and the other at dawn. When the temperature dropped to 16 degrees C and below in the last ten days of Oct., the wigglers began their diapause period. The survival ratio reached 90.5% after 12 h freezing at -5 degrees C and none survived after 60 hours freezing. When the temperature rose to 17 degrees C and above the over-winterting larvae developed into adults, which could suck blood only at the temperature above 17.5 degrees C.
Clinical implications of splenium magnetic resonance imaging signal changes.

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may show discrete splenium abnormalities; however, the implications of this radiologic finding are unclear. OBJECTIVE To describe causes, clinical presentations, and prognoses of midline splenium changes evident on MRI. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Teaching hospital. PATIENTS Medical records of 9 patients with MRI-noted splenium changes were studied; 60 additional published cases were accessed. INTERVENTIONS Sixty-nine cases were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical and imaging findings, causes, and prognosis. RESULTS Confusion (35 patients), ataxia (25 patients), and recent seizure (23 patients) were common. Causes included alcohol use, infections, hypoglycemia, trauma, salt abnormalities, and seizure. Twenty-eight patients had complete resolution, 23 improved, and 1 died. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed splenium abnormalities the best. Eleven of 12 patients showed decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient. Most improved clinically, as did their subsequent MRI studies. CONCLUSIONS Midline splenium changes are commonly seen on MRI diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. Multiple causes can result in splenium changes. Physicians should evaluate for glucose and electrolyte abnormalities, seizure risk, ongoing infectious or parainfectious process, and traumatic causes.
Effect of Microwave Power on Electron Temperature and Electron Density in Deuterium Plasma Generated by Electron Cyclotron Resonance

The desire for continuously gaining new knowledge in fusion reactor technology has pushed the frontier of engineering methods to deliver highly stable ion source for 14-MeV neutron generators. The diagnostic of the ion source of 14-MeV neutron generator is one of the prime concerns for future fusion reactor technology. An accelerator-based 14-MeV neutron generator is developed at Fusion Neutronics Laboratory of Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, India. The ion source of this 14-MeV neutron generator is diagnosed via the optical emission spectroscopy technique. In order to achieve optimum electron temperature and electron density for stable operation of ion source, the controlling parameters, namely, deuterium ambient gas pressure, ambient gas flow rate, and microwave power coupled to the deuterium plasma, are varied systematically. An investigation on the effect of microwave power coupled with deuterium plasma on the overall electron temperature as well as electron density is investigated in this paper. Prominent Balmer emission lines of deuterium α, β, and γ (Dα, Dβ, and Dγ) are observed in the deuterium plasma generated by electron cyclotron resonance. The overall electron temperature of deuterium plasma is measured by Boltzmann plot at various microwave power, 100-400 W, whereas the electron density is measured by Stark broadening.
Organizational learning, top management team’s entrepreneurial alertness, and corporate entrepreneurship in high-tech firms

This study investigates the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness of a top management team (TMT) between organizational learning and corporate entrepreneurship (CE). We conducted two studies. In Study 1, based on TMT members’ responses from a group of Korean companies, we examined a factor structure of TMTs’ entrepreneurial alertness and its influence on CE. We identified that TMTs’ entrepreneurial alertness is a second-order construct, constituting scanning and searching, association and connection, and evaluation and judgment, which positively influence CE. In Study 2, based on TMT members’ responses from another group of Korean companies, we confirmed a second-order structure of TMTs’ entrepreneurial alertness. Furthermore, while breadth and depth of learning positively influenced TMTs’ entrepreneurial alertness, speed of learning had a negative effect. In addition, TMTs’ entrepreneurial alertness partially mediated the relationship between breadth of learning and CE, and fully mediated the relationship between depth of learning and CE. This study contributes to extending the concept of entrepreneurial alertness to a TMT context and identifying TMTs’ entrepreneurial alertness as an organizational capability. It helps understand how the three attributes of organizational learning can heterogeneously contribute to TMTs’ entrepreneurial alertness and CE in organizations.
Relationship of fasting total homocysteine, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and features of the metabolic syndrome in Trinidadian subjects

Objectives: To assess the relationship of homocysteine, hs-CRP, with known cardiovascular risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Method: Cross sectional study comprised 182 diabetic outpatients (70 males and 112 females), attending endocrinology clinics in Trinidad. Results: Both male and females showed significant linear relationships between high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood pressure and diabetes (r = −0.2 < R or R > 0.2). In females hs-CRP showed significant linear relationship with HDL, triglyceride, blood pressure and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.0001). The inverse relationship of hs-CRP with HDL implies the strong association of hs-CRP with metabolic syndrome. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant relation of hs-CRP, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. There was no significant relationship of tHCY to any of the features studied. Conclusion: Serum C-reactive protein is significantly related to features of the metabolic syndrome. Total plasma homocysteine, appears to be independent of both hs-CRP and features of the metabolic syndrome.
Cortical Consequences of In Vivo Blockade of Monocarboxylate Transport During Brain Development in Mice

In addition to glucose, monocarboxylates including lactate represent a major source of energy for the developing brain and appears to be crucial in the pathogenesis and recovery after brain damage. We hypothesized a role of monocarboxylates transport in the energy supply of neurons of the immature cerebral cortex. The effects of the blockade of monocarboxylates transport in vivo on the cortical development was investigated in neonatal mice using alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CIN) diluted either in DMSO (CD) or in ethanol (CE) administered intraperitoneally over postnatal day (P) P1 to P3. Injection of CIN induced a cytoarchitectonic disorganization in the parietal cortex likely due to a combination of slight disturbance of cortical neuronal migration and an increased neuronal cell death observed in CE (p < 0.05) but not in CD group. An increased number of activated GFAP-positive astroglia was observed in the neocortex in groups treated with CIN (CD and CE) on P10. These data: 1) Provide first evidence of deleterious effects observed in vivo after blockade of monocarboxylates transport in the developing brain; 2) emphasize the role of lactate during neuronal migration as a major source of energy; and 3) suggest the synergistic effect of ethanol-induced hypoglycemia in cortical brain damage induced by CIN.
Critical Assessment of Motor Activity as a Screen for Neurotoxicity

Motor activity consists of a large number of motor behaviors not placed under stimulus control. The Environmental Protection Agency defines motor activity in terms of “activity counts, ”and has incorporated it in the guidelines for the assessment of neurotoxicity. While motor activity testing has some enticing operating characteristics, a dose-related change in activity counts can reflect an effect on the nervous system only in the absence of systemic toxicity. Furthermore, when a motor activity effect has been documented, ancillary data or further testing is needed to determine whether this effect is indeed adverse. In addition, the results of a motor activity test do not usually provide information about either the origin of the problem, or the follow-up tests that need to be conducted.
Nobiletin protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide–induced oxidative damage

Nobiletin (3′,4′,5,6,7,8‐hexamethoxyflavone), a dietary polymethoxylated flavonoid found in Citrus fruits, has been reported to have antioxidant effect. However, the effect of nobiletin on human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the protective effect of nobiletin against H2O2‐induced cell death in RPE cells. Our results demonstrated that nobiletin significantly increased cell viability from oxidative stress. Nobiletin inhibited H2O2‐induced ROS production and caspase‐3/7 activity in ARPE‐19 cells. Furthermore, nobiletin significantly increased Akt phosphorylation in ARPE‐19 cells exposed to H2O2. Meanwhile, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, abolished the protective effect of nobiletin against H2O2‐induced decreased cell viability and increased caspase‐3/7 activity in ARPE‐19 cells. In summary, these data show that nobiletin protects RPE cells against oxidative stress through activation of the Akt‐signaling pathway. Thus, nobiletin should be an oxidant that attenuates the development of age‐related macular degeneration.
Thrombovascular disease and familial plasminogen deficiency: a report of three kindreds

We report three kindreds in whom plasminogen deficiency was associated with thrombosis and in whom the ratio of functional and immunological values of plasminogen was consistent with type I deficiency. An additional subject with plasminogen deficiency is also described. The three propositi presented with venous thrombotic disease. The fourth subject presented with a thrombotic stroke. Investigation of family members in three of these four cases revealed other subjects who were found to have low levels of plasminogen and who were asymptomatic. The pattern of inheritance appears to be autosomal dominant. In one woman, plasminogen levels were shown to rise to within the normal range during pregnancy and returned to low levels after delivery. A total of eight pregnancies were reviewed in our series and no thrombotic events occurred.
A Review of Social Exchange Theory Effectiveness in Measuring Residents' Attitudes towards Tourism

Tourism impacts and local residents’ perceptions have been undertaken by many researchers for four decades. Theoretical orientations were used and developed to find out how and why residents react positively and / or negatively to the tourism development in order to achieve a good measurement for their perceptions. One of the most favorable theories to be adopted in this context is the social exchange theory. Hence, this review paper is an attempt to understand the effectiveness of this theory when dealing with local residents’ perceptions and attitudes to the tourism impacts comparing with other methods in similar studies.The main conclusion of the paper shows a weakness of the theory, especially when it works without integration with other theories and further predictor variables. Furthermore, the study showed that most methods and models have the same thrust of the social exchange theory in terms of costs and benefits and their effect on the residents’ perception. The paper suggests that future studies should be conducted taking into account conditions such as the societal structures and characteristics that should be measured by new theoretical orientations other than those which focus on the costs and benefits theories.
CytoLyt® Fixation and Decalcification Pretreatments Alter Antigenicity in Normal Tissues Compared With Standard Formalin Fixation

Immunohistochemistry is used on cell blocks constructed from cytopathology samples fixed in methanol-based fixatives, such as CytoLyt® (Cytyc Corp), and on surgical pathology tissues exposed to decalcifying agents, often without technical validation. We evaluated a panel of commonly utilized antibodies in normal tissues exposed to differing preanalytic conditions as follows: CytoLyt® fixation, formalin fixation followed by exposure to decalcifying agents (Leica Decalcifier I-10% formic acid or Leica Decalcifier II-5% hydrochloric acid), or standard formalin fixation. Altered expression was observed with several antibodies compared with standard formalin fixation. Specifically, there was absent or near absent expression of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), D2-40, and CD20 in CytoLyt-fixed tissues, whereas reduced expression was observed for p63, estrogen receptor, S100 protein, CD3, calretinin, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. Absent or near absent expression of TTF-1 was also observed with exposure to hydrochloric acid, whereas reduced expression was observed for CK5/6, CK7, p63, estrogen receptor, leukocyte common antigen, CD3, CD20, and synaptophysin. Exposure to formic acid had less impact with reduced expression observed for only 3 antibodies (CK8/18, CK7, and TTF-1). The results of this study demonstrate the need to validate immunohistochemical protocols on control tissue treated in the same manner as test tissue, including CytoLyt® fixation and exposure of tissue to decalcifying agents.
The effect of different fabrication steps on the marginal adaptation of two types of glass-infiltrated ceramic crown copings fabricated by CAD/CAM technology.

PURPOSE Marginal adaptation is an important factor affecting the longevity of all-ceramic restorations, although the effects of different fabrication steps on marginal adaptation at various stages of fabrication are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to assess with an in vitro model whether In-Ceram alumina (IA) or In-Ceram zirconia (IZ) copings produced by the CAD/CAM method would be clinically acceptable, and to evaluate the effect of each fabrication step (post-milling, post-trimming, and post-glass infiltration) on the marginal discrepancy of the coping. MATERIALS AND METHODS A melamine tooth was prepared, duplicated, poured with inlay wax, and then cast with metal to fabricate a master die. An InLab 3D system was used to scan the master die and to design and mill the copings. Thirty IA and IZ copings each were developed with thicknesses of 0.6 mm and a 30-μm thick computer luting space. Epoxy resin replicas of the master die were fabricated, and the vertical and horizontal marginal discrepancies were measured using a Micro-Vu optical microscope at three stages of the fabrication (post-milling, post-trimming, post-infiltration). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data between the three stages of fabrication for each marginal discrepancy, and a t-test was used to compare vertical and horizontal marginal discrepancies (after glass infiltration) between IZ and IA copings RESULTS There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the vertical marginal discrepancies (μm) between IA (36 ± 14) and IZ (40 ± 14) copings after glass infiltration. ANOVA (comparing three stages within horizontal marginal discrepancy for IZ copings) showed that post-milling (40 ± 26) > post-trimming (23 ± 11) = post-infiltration (19 ± 13). ANOVA (comparing three stages within vertical marginal discrepancy for IZ copings) showed that post-milling (53 ± 12) = post-trimming (47 ± 13) > post-infiltration (36 ± 14). ANOVA (comparing three stages within horizontal marginal discrepancy for IA copings) showed that post-milling (52 ± 28) > post-trimming (30 ± 16) > post-infiltration (30 ± 16). ANOVA (comparing three stages within vertical marginal discrepancy for IA copings) showed that post-milling (54 ± 13) = post-trimming (56 ± 26) > post-infiltration (40 ± 14). CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in the marginal adaptation of both material copings. After the trimming process, the glass infiltration firing cycle improved the vertical marginal discrepancy for both IZ and IA copings. Clinical implications. IA and IZ copings fabricated by CAD/CAM technology have an acceptable marginal fit as documented in the literature, and the glass infiltration process improves the marginal fit after machining.
Tests of Simple Slopes in Multiple Regression Models with an Interaction: Comparison of Four Approaches

ABSTRACT In multiple regression researchers often follow up significant tests of the interaction between continuous predictors X and Z with tests of the simple slope of Y on X at different sample-estimated values of the moderator Z (e.g., ±1 SD from the mean of Z). We show analytically that when X and Z are randomly sampled from the population, the variance expression of the simple slope at sample-estimated values of Z differs from the traditional variance expression obtained when the values of X and Z are fixed. A simulation study using randomly sampled predictors compared four approaches: (a) the Aiken and West (1991) test of simple slopes at fixed population values of Z, (b) the Aiken and West test at sample-estimated values of Z, (c) a 95% percentile bootstrap confidence interval approach, and (d) a fully Bayesian approach with diffuse priors. The results showed that approach (b) led to inflated Type 1 error rates and 95% confidence intervals with inadequate coverage rates, whereas other approaches maintained acceptable Type 1 error rates and adequate coverage of confidence intervals. Approach (c) had asymmetric rejection rates at small sample sizes. We used an empirical data set to illustrate these approaches.
Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension: Clinical features and outcomes in Arab patients

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) occurs in many patients with interstitial lung disease, including sarcoidosis. We explored the frequency, clinical characteristics and outcomes of PH in Arab patients diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis. METHODS: A retrospective study in three tertiary hospitals was performed on 96 patients who underwent Doppler echocardiography. Demographic and clinical characteristics, physiological studies and computed tomography (CT) results were collected, and compared between patients with and without PH. RESULTS: Twenty (20.8%) patients were found to have PH. Patients with PH were more likely to be symptomatic (cough, P = 0.008; dyspnea, P = 0.04), to have an advanced radiographic stage (P = 0.001), and to be receiving systemic therapy (P = 0.001), compared to those without PH. Physiological data including pulmonary function test parameters, arterial blood gas levels and oxygen saturation at rest and after exercise were all significantly lower in patients with PH compared to those without PH. Comparison of CT patterns between patients with and without PH showed significant differences in the frequencies of ground-glass opacity (61.5 vs. 28.8%, P = 0.032) and fibrosis (76.9 vs. 44.2%, P = 0.035). In total, four patients died during the study period, including three with evidence of PH. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of PH in the present study was 20.8%. Clinical, physiologic and radiographic characteristics appeared to differentiate patients with PH from those without PH. The presence of PH contributed to poor outcomes in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.