Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stable Operation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for 25 h at 400°C in air

Extreme environments such as the Venus atmosphere are among the emerging applications that demand electronics that can withstand high-temperature oxidizing conditions. While wide-bandgap technologies for integrated electronics have been developed so far, they either suffer from gate oxide and threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{th}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) degradation over temperature, large power supply requirements, or intrinsic base current. In this letter, AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are suggested as an alternative platform for integrated sensors and analog circuits in extreme environments in oxidizing air atmosphere over a wide temperature range from 22°C to 400°C. An optimal biasing region, with a peak of transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g_{m,peak}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) at −2.3 V with a negligible shift over the temperature range was observed. Moreover, remarkably low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{th}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variation of 0.9% was observed, enabling the design of analog circuits that can operate over the entire temperature range. Finally, the operation of the devices at 400°C and 500°C over 25 hours was experimentally studied, demonstrating the stability of the DC characteristics after the 5 hours of burn-in, at 400°C.
Stellar bars in counter-rotating dark matter haloes: the role of halo orbit reversals

Disc galaxies can exchange angular momentum and baryons with their host dark matter (DM) haloes. These haloes possess internal spin, λ, which is insignificant rotationally but does affect interactions between the baryonic and DM components. While statistics of prograde and retrograde spinning haloes in galaxies is not available at present, the existence of such haloes is important for galaxy evolution. In the previous works, we analysed dynamical and secular evolution of stellar bars in prograde spinning haloes and the DM response to the bar perturbation, and found that it is modified by the resonant interactions between the bar and the DM halo orbits. In this work, we follow the evolution of stellar bars in retrograde haloes. We find that this evolution differs substantially from evolution in rigid unresponsive haloes, discussed in the literature. First, we confirm that the bar instability is delayed progressively along the retrograde λ sequence. Secondly, the bar evolution in the retrograde haloes differs also from that in the prograde haloes, in that the bars continue to grow substantially over the simulation time of 10 Gyr. The DM response is also substantially weaker compared to this response in the prograde haloes. Thirdly, using orbital spectral analysis of the DM orbital structure, we find a phenomenon we call the orbit reversal – when retrograde DM orbits interact with the stellar bar, reverse their streaming and precession, and become prograde. This process dominates the inner halo region adjacent to the bar and allows these orbits to be trapped by the bar, thus increasing efficiency of angular momentum transfer by the inner Lindblad resonance. We demonstrate this reversal process explicitly in a number of examples.
Aortic valve replacement with and without concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery in the elderly: risk factors related to long-term survival.

AIM Preoperative coronary angiography often reveals significant coronary artery lesions in elderly people (>75 years of age) referred to hospital for aortic valve replacement (AVR). However, the possible benefit of concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in elderly is still under debate. In an effort to contribute to this discussion, we evaluated our data on elderly patients after aortic valve replacement. METHODS Between January 1990 and December 1993, 219 patients, aged 75 years and older, underwent AVR with or without concomitant CABG at our Department. There were 121 patients in the AVR group and 98 patients in the AVR+CABG group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in their age, sex valve type, valve size, and presence of diabetes. Five variables (concomitant CABG, age, sex, and type and size of prosthesis) were investigated with regard to long-term survival assessed by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Group comparisons of survival were made with the Cox-Mantel log-rank test. RESULTS Early mortality (<30 days) was 0.8% in the AVR group and 4.1% in the AVR+CABG group. Overall actuarial survival was 77.7+/-4.4% at 52 months. There was significantly longer survival in patients with mechanical valve implant in the AVR group. None of the other 5 investigated variables had a significant influence on the long-term survival. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that AVR done in elderly is a treatment with excellent surgical results. We could not identify concomitant CABG as a predictor of poor long-term surgical outcome.
Universe opacity and Type Ia supernova dimming

In this paper, I revoke a debate about an origin of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) dimming. I argue that except for a commonly accepted accelerating expansion of the Universe, a conceivable alternative for explaining this observation is universe opacity caused by light extinction by intergalactic dust, even though it is commonly assumed that this effect is negligible. Using data of the Union2.1 SN Ia compilation, I find that the standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model and the opaque universe model fit the SN Ia measurements at redshifts z < 1.4 comparably well. The optimum solution for the opaque universe model is characterized by the B-band intergalactic opacity $\lambda _{B} = 0.10 \pm 0.03 \, \mathrm{Gpc}^{-1}$ and the Hubble constant $H_0 = 68.0 \pm 2.5 \, \mathrm{km\, s^{-1}\, Mpc^{-1}}$. The intergalactic opacity is higher than that obtained from independent observations but still within acceptable limits. This result emphasizes that the issue of the accelerating expansion of the Universe as the origin of the SN Ia dimming is not yet definitely resolved. Obviously, the opaque universe model as an alternative to the ΛCDM model is attractive, because it avoids puzzles and controversies associated with dark energy and the accelerating expansion.
Data‐Driven Inference of Thermosphere Composition During Solar Minimum Conditions

Mass density variations can deviate from the expected behavior caused by temperature due to changes in the composition. Such deviations can be especially significant during solar minimum conditions. Model‐data differences are typically resolved through temperature corrections while overlooking the role of errors in lower boundary composition. In this work, we use a data‐driven methodology to simultaneously estimate thermosphere composition and temperature contributions to model‐data differences. The methodology uses modal decomposition to extract high‐dimensional, reduced order basis functions for the covariance of the neutral thermospheric species and temperature. The extracted basis functions are combined with CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment mass density measurements using a nonlinear least squares solver. We demonstrate the methodology using the Naval Research Laboratory's empirical Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter (MSIS) model to derive the high‐dimensional basis functions. We characterize and quantify the contribution of temperature and lower boundary effects with oxygen and helium since the two species have a direct impact on drag and orbit prediction through gas‐surface interactions and mass density. We analyze the month of December in 2008, based on the work of Thayer et al. (2012), and estimate that lower boundary composition errors contribute approximately 50% of the model‐data differences.
Thickness-dependent optical properties of layered hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites: A tight-binding GW-BSE study

We present a many-body calculation of the band structure and optical spectrum of the layered hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites in the Ruddlesden-Popper phase with the general formula A$^{'}_{2}$A$_{n-1}$M$_{n}$X$_{3n+1}$, focusing specifically on the lead iodide family. We calculate the mean-field band structure with spin-orbit coupling, quasiparticle corrections within the GW approximation, and optical spectra using the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The model is parameterized by first-principles calculations and classical electrostatic screening, enabling an accurate but cost-effective study of large unit cells and corresponding thickness-dependent properties. A transition of the electronic and optical properties from quasi-two-dimensional behavior to three-dimensional behavior is shown for increasing $n$ and the nonhydrogenic character of the excitonic Rydberg series is analyzed. The thickness-dependent 1s and 2s exciton energy levels are in good agreement with recently reported experiments and the 1s exciton binding energy is calculated to be 302 meV for $n=1$, 97 meV for $n=5$, and 37 meV for $n=\infty$ (bulk MAPbI3).
Semi-Blind Detection in Hybrid Massive MIMO Systems via Low-Rank Matrix Completion

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with hybrid analog/digital architectures, large training overhead is required for conventional pilot-only methods to estimate channel accurately before detecting data. To reduce the training overhead, a semi-blind detection method is proposed for data detection without knowing channel in an uplink multi-user system. The main idea is to exploit the received signal corresponding to both the pilot and data payload for channel estimation or data detection via a low-rank matrix completion formulation. The leveraged low-rank property stems from the fact that the number of active users <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is typically much smaller than the number of antennas <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at a base station and the number of time slots <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in a coherence interval. Compared with the pilot-only method, the number of pilots required is reduced from an order of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Two iterative algorithms are introduced to solve the low-rank matrix completion problem: regularized alternating least squares and bilinear generalized approximate message passing. We further extend the semi-blind detection method to systems with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters. Simulation results show that the proposed methods achieve significant performance gain over the pilot-only method with reduced training overhead for hybrid massive MIMO systems in various settings.
The Impact of HIV on the Women of Ohio

Over the past few decades, the face of HIV has considerably changed nationwide. In 2005, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) created National Women and Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness Day. According to Centers for Disease Control (CDC), women composed about 20% of all new AIDS diagnoses nationwide in 2008--a marked increase from 10% in the 1980s. Many recent US news publications have also pointed out that HIV has been spreading largely via heterosexual contact through impoverished communities thus placing women at high risk. In Ohio, women make up 20% of those living with HIV. HIV heavily impacts ethnic minorities with African American women making up roughly two-thirds of all women living with HIV/AIDS and those being infected each year in the state of Ohio. The first part of this study aims to assess the trends in HIV transmission in Ohio’s women over seven years and what demographics and regions are disproportionately affected. To do so, surveillance data from the Ohio Department of Health (ODH) was collected for years 2003-2009 and analyzed through the visual data tool Gapminder. Since HIV often disproportionately impacts marginalized groups and communities, it is important not only to pay attention to risk factors that place an individual at risk of HIV infection--injection drug use, unprotected sex, and lack of access to testing and treatment--but also contextual factors such as poverty, conspiracy beliefs, trust in healthcare system that place whole communities and demographics at higher risk of HIV infection and impede access to care. Thus, the second part of this study is a literature review on the social, economic and cultural factors that may perpetuate the spread of HIV in the women of Ohio, especially within urbandwelling, impoverished women. This literature review helps make sense of the trend of HIV transmission in Ohio’s women. Since little published HIV research exists for the state of Ohio, a database search on PubMed and Google Scholar was expanded to include data from various other states and aggregate nationwide data. This literature review is beneficial because there are no studies that have explored contextual factors that place women at risk for HIV in the state of Ohio.
Bayesian model selection in linear mixed models for longitudinal data

ABSTRACT Linear mixed models (LMMs) are popular to analyze repeated measurements with a Gaussian response. For longitudinal studies, the LMMs consist of a fixed part expressing the effect of covariates on the mean evolution in time and a random part expressing the variation of the individual curves around the mean curve. Selecting the appropriate fixed and random effect parts is an important modeling exercise. In a Bayesian framework, there is little agreement on the appropriate selection criteria. This paper compares the performance of the deviance information criterion (DIC), the pseudo-Bayes factor and the widely applicable information criterion (WAIC) in LMMs, with an extension to LMMs with skew-normal distributions. We focus on the comparison between the conditional criteria (given random effects) versus the marginal criteria (averaged over random effects). In spite of theoretical arguments, there is not much enthusiasm among applied statisticians to make use of the marginal criteria. We show in an extensive simulation study that the three marginal criteria are superior in choosing the appropriate longitudinal model. In addition, the marginal criteria selected most appropriate model for growth curves of Nigerian chicken. A self-written R function can be combined with standard Bayesian software packages to obtain the marginal selection criteria.
2-absorbing $I$-prime and 2-absorbing $I$-second submodules

Let $R$ be a commutative ring and let $I$ be an ideal of $R$. In this paper, we will introduce the notions of 2-absorbing $I$-prime and 2-absorbing $I$-second submodules of an $R$-module $M$ as a generalization of 2-absorbing and strongly 2-absorbing second submodules of $M$ and explore some basic properties of these classes of modules.
On Harish-Chandra series of finite unitary groups and the $\mathfrak{sl}_\infty$-crystal on level $2$ Fock spaces

In the modular representation theory of finite unitary groups when the characteristic $\ell$ of the ground field is a unitary prime, the $\hat{\mathfrak{sl}}_e$-crystal on level $2$ Fock spaces graphically describes the Harish-Chandra branching of unipotent representations restricted to the tower of unitary groups. However, how to determine the cuspidal support of an arbitrary unipotent representation remains an open question. We conjecture that for $\ell$ sufficiently large, the $\mathfrak{sl}_\infty$-crystal on the same level $2$ Fock spaces provides the remaining piece of the puzzle for the full Harish-Chandra branching rule.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PEJAMU, LINGKUNGAN FISIK DAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TALANG UBI PENDOPO TAHUN 2012

Latar Belakang : DBD di Indonesia masuk kategori “A” dalam stratifikasi WHO yang mengindikasikantingginya angka perawatan dan kematian akibat DBD. Dari survei awal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas kasusDBD tergolong tinggi, yaitu sebanyak 51 kasus selama 2011. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui hubungan karakteristik pejamu, lingkungan fisik, dan pelayanan kesehatan terhadap kejadianDBD di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Talang Ubi tahun 2012.Metode : Menggunakan penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan datadilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi menggunakan kuisioner dan lembar observasi. Data dianalisisdengan metode univariat dan bivariat dengan uji analisa chi-square. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian iniadalah 85 KK di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Talang Ubi Pendopo dengan teknik sampel yang digunakan adalahTeknik Simple Random Sampling.Hasil Penelitian : Dari 6 variabel terdapat 3 variabel yang memiliki hubungan terhadap kejadian DBD, yaituumur (p-value=0.002, PR=4.383), lingkungan fisik (p-value=0.001, PR=4.750), dan pelayanan kesehatan (p- value=0.022, PR=2.936), sedangkan jenis kelamin (p-value=0.996, PR=1.002), pendidikan (p-value=0.093,PR=2.182), dan pekerjaan (p-value=0.216, PR=1.766) tidak memiliki hubungan terhadap kejadian DBD.Kesimpulan : Puskesmas Talang Ubi perlu meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan melalui promotif danpreventif guna menanggulangi penularan maupun kasus DBD, meningkatkan dukungan petugas kesehatanagar melaksanakan program-program DBD dengan baik dan masyarakat harus ikut mendukung denganmemperbaiki lingkungan di sekitar rumah agar tidak menjadi tempat bersarangnya nyamuk Aedes danmelaksanakan kegiatan PSN-Aedes aegypti dengan baik.Kata Kunci : Karakteristik Pejamu, Lingkungan Fisik, Pelayanan Kesehatan, DBD
Medical decision-making, adherence and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS

No. 747, Antiviral Therapy, 8 (Suppl. 1): 392. Raynor et al. 2001 Raynor D.K. , Thistlethwaite J.E. , Hart K. , Knapp P. (2001): Are health professionals ready for the new philosophy of concordance in medicine taking? International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 9: 81-84. Roberts 2002 Roberts K. J. (2002): Physician-Patient Relationships, Patient Satisfaction, and Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among HIV-Infected Adults Attending a Public Health Clinic. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 16 (1): 43-50. Robinson et al. 2000 Robinson F.P., Mathews H.L. , Witek-Janusek L. (2000): Stress reduction and HIV disease: a review of intervention studies using a psychoneuroimmunology framework. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 11(2):87-96. Rojas et al. 2003 Rojas R. , Schlicht W. , Hautzinger M. (2003): Effects of Exercise Training on Quality of Life, Psychological Well-Being, Immune Status, and Cardiopulmonary Fitness in an HIV-1 Positive Population. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25(4): 440-456. Roter 1983 Roter D.L. (1983): Physician-patient communication: Transmission of information and patient effects. Maryland State Medical Journal, 32: 260-265. Sambamoorthi et al. 2000 Sambamoorthi U. , Walkup J., Olfson M. Crystal S. (2000): Antidepressant Treatment and Health Services Utilization Among HIV-Infected Medicaid Patients Diagnosed with Depression. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15 (5): 311-320. Scott 1955 Scott W.A. (1955): Reliability of content analysis: The case if nominal scaling. Public Opinion Quarterly, 19: 321-325.
Significance of the Compliance of the Joints on the Dynamic Slip Resistance of a Bioinspired Hoof

Robust mechanisms for slip resistance are an open challenge in legged locomotion. Animals such as goats show impressive ability to resist slippage on cliffs. It is not fully known what attributes in their body determine this ability. Studying the slip resistance dynamics of the goat may offer insight toward the biologically inspired design of robotic hooves. This article tests how the embodiment of the hoof contributes to solving the problem of slip resistance. We ran numerical simulations and experiments using a passive robotic goat hoof for different compliance levels of its three joints. We established that compliant yaw and pitch and stiff roll can increase the energy required to slide the hoof by $\approx \text{20}\%$ compared to the baseline (stiff hoof). Compliant roll and pitch allow the robotic hoof to adapt to the irregularities of the terrain. This produces an antilock braking system-like behavior of the robotic hoof for slip resistance. Therefore, the pastern and coffin joints have a substantial effect on the slip resistance of the robotic hoof, while the fetlock joint has the lowest contribution. These shed insights into how robotic hooves can be used to autonomously improve slip resistance.
MENTAL HEALTH ASPECTS OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN NORTHERN IRELAND

It can be claimed that, since 1968, Northern Irish society has been exposed to the longest concentrated period of civil disturbances to have hit the Western world in modern times. We shall here review published work that can throw light on the possible relationship between the mental health of the people of Northern Ireland and the political violence there. This work is examined under several headings, related mainly to the various data-gathering methodsadmission and referral rates, clinical studies, community studies; in addition, a section is devoted to the important question of coping, and a final section deals with the theoretical, methodological, and ethical issues that face researchers in this area. A limited number of studies have focused on children; a relatively greater number have had Northern Irish adults as their central concern.
Performance of Bifacial PV Arrays With Fixed Tilt and Horizontal Single-Axis Tracking: Comparison of Simulated and Measured Data

Compared with standard monofacial photovoltaic (PV) systems, the simulation of the energy yield of bifacial PV systems is more challenging since the impact of factors such as the installation height, the ground albedo, shadowing of neighbored rows, the diffuse irradiance fraction, and the PV module design is more pronounced. Therefore, many academic institutions as well as companies are currently working on the development of suitable modeling tools that allow an accurate energy yield prediction of bifacial systems. In this article, we present the results of energy-yield simulations of bifacial PV systems with fixed tilt and horizontal single-axis tracking (HSAT) in comparison to their monofacial counterparts using a tool that has been developed at ISC Konstanz. In addition, the simulated data are compared with measured results. The energy yield of fixed tilt bifacial systems is simulated as a function of the number of rows and number of modules in a row as well as a function of the installation height. The simulated data have been compared with measured data obtained using a PV system with continuously changing tilt angels. The accuracy of the simulated data is shown to be from +/$-$0.1% to +/$-$4% depending on the tilt angle of the bifacial modules. In addition, the energy yield of bifacial HSAT PV systems have been simulated and compared with measured data for a bifacial HSAT system in Chile. In this comparison, the use of ray tracing instead of the view factor (VF) concept for modeling of the rear irradiance reduced the deviation between simulated and measured gain significantly. Therefore, the approach of using VF-based calculations for the front irradiance and ray tracing for the rear irradiance was then used to evaluate different bifacial system configurations in comparison to monofacial ones. Especially, the influence of a variation of the ground coverage ratio on the energy yield for various monofacial, bifacial fixed tilt, and HSAT systems was studied.