Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Background Mutations by Low-Dose X Irradiation of Drosophila Spermatocytes at a Low Dose Rate

Abstract Koana, T. , Okada, M. O. , Ogura, K. , Tsujimura, H. and Sakai, K. Reduction of Background Mutations by Low-Dose X Irradiation of Drosophila Spermatocytes at a Low Dose Rate. Radiat. Res. 167, 217–221 (2007). A sex-linked recessive lethal mutation assay was performed in Drosophila melanogaster using immature spermatocytes and spermatogonia irradiated with X rays at a high or low dose rate. The mutation frequency in the sperm irradiated with a low dose at a low dose rate was significantly lower than that in the sham-irradiated group, whereas irradiation with a high dose resulted in a significant increase in the mutation frequency. It was obvious that the dose–response relationship was not linear, but rather was U-shaped. When mutant germ cells defective in DNA excision repair were used instead of wild-type cells, low-dose irradiation at a low dose rate did not reduce the mutation frequency. These observations suggest that error-free DNA repair functions were activated by low dose of low-dose-rate radiation and that this repaired spontaneous DNA damage rather than the X-ray-induced damage, thus producing a practical threshold.
SMC Protein-Dependent Chromosome Condensation during Aerial Hyphal Development in Streptomyces

ABSTRACT Members of the SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) protein family play a central role in higher-order chromosome dynamics from bacteria to humans. So far, studies of bacterial SMC proteins have focused only on unicellular rod-shaped organisms that divide by binary fission. The conversion of multigenomic aerial hyphae of the mycelial organism Streptomyces coelicolor into chains of unigenomic spores requires the synchronous segregation of multiple chromosomes. Here we focus on the contribution of SMC proteins to sporulation-associated chromosome segregation in S. coelicolor. Deletion of the smc gene causes aberrant DNA condensation and missegregation of chromosomes (7.5% anucleate spores). In vegetative mycelium, immunostained SMC proteins were observed sporadically, while in aerial hyphae about to undergo sporulation they appeared as irregularly spaced foci which accompanied but did not colocalize with ParB complexes. Our data demonstrate that efficient chromosome segregation requires the joint action of SMC and ParB proteins. SMC proteins, similarly to ParAB and FtsZ, presumably belong to a larger group of proteins whose expression is highly induced in response to the requirement of aerial hyphal maturation.
Occurrence of domestic violence among women and its impact on oral health in Jodhpur City.

BACKGROUND This study had a two objectives to determine the prevalence of domestic violence and to know the impact of the same on the oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was done in Jodhpur, Rajasthan; among 150 married women of 18 to 60 years of age using a predesigned pretested proforma from 18th January 2014 to 27th February 2014. Pretested semistructured open-ended questionnaire used for collecting the data from the study subjects. Pearson's Chi-square test and p-value were used to calculated the occurrence and impact of domestic violence on oral health among women. RESULTS The most common form of domestic violence found was physical abuse (54.7%) followed by emotional abuse (20.0%) and financial abuse (14.0%). The most important risk factor was alcoholism followed by literacy status and having a girl child. Study shows that physical abuse is more in graduate than lower level of educational females. Females living in urban area show highest frequency of physical abuse than those living in rural area. Injury to the face were highly reported (38.7%) followed by injury to lip (13.3%) and nose fracture/bleeding nose (9.3%). CONCLUSION Government has to take stringent action to prevent domestic violence by making women more self-reliant especially by making women more literate and more financially independent.
COMIC PERFORMANCE AND THE ARTICULATION OF HYBRID IDENTITY

This article describes how comedians and radio professionals in Corsica draw on a bilingual linguistic and metalinguistic cultural repertoire. In the context of Corsica’s history of language domination, language shift, and linguistic revitalization efforts, many of the products of language contact - mixed codes and compentences - are socially stigmatized. In the logic of dominant language ideologies, these mixed codes do not ‘count as’ language and depreciate individual speakers and collective identitities. Comic performances, it is argued, derive part of their tension and effect from the dominant view of languages as fixed and bounded codes which index single identities. Yet at the same time, performers make use of bilingual repertoires in ways that validate mixed language practices and identities. They do so by making maximal use of fluidity and indeterminacy in speaker stances towards mixed codes and identities. Bilingual comic performance also validates mixed codes and identities by evoking an ‘expert’ bilingual audience.
Cuphea growth and development: responses to temperature.

INTRODUCTION Species from the genus Cuphea, Lythraceae, are known to produce seed rich in medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), which are important feed-stocks in the manufacturing of soaps and detergents and numerous other related products (Thompson 1984). In the US there are no crops grown that serve as an economical replacement of MCFA. Consequently, the US chemical industry imports most MCFA as coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) oils from southeast Asia. Several species of Cuphea have been shown to have potential for agronomic domestication (Hirsinger 1985). Breakthroughs over the past decade in domesticating Cuphea have resulted from the development of select germplasm lines from a fertile interspecific hybrid arising from a cross between C. viscosissima and C. lanceolata (Knapp 1993). Cuphea viscosissima is native to the eastern US, while C. lanceolata is a native of central Mexico. PSR23 is one such selected line from this hybridization that shows potential for field cultivation (Knapp and Crane 2000). Small-scale field production of PSR23 in the northern Corn Belt of the US has shown that it can be successfully propagated in a cool temperate short-season climate (Forcella et al. 2000). However, to determine the optimum environment and management techniques for production of semi-domesticated Cuphea germplasm, a better understanding is needed of the effects of temperature on growth and development processes. In the present study we investigated photosynthesis, growth and development of Cuphea (PSR23) under four temperature treatments.
Tertiary Dentin Formation after Indirect Pulp Capping Using Protein CPNE7

If there is a partial loss of dentin, the exposed dentinal surface should be protected by an indirect pulp capping (IPC) procedure to preserve pulp vitality and prevent symptoms of dentin hypersensitivity. In our previous study, copine7 (CPNE7) induced odontoblast differentiation in vitro and promoted dentin formation in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of IPC therapy using the CPNE7 protein at the exposed dentinal surface and the resulting effects on tertiary dentin formation in a beagle model. CPNE7 promoted mineralization of odontoblasts and had high calcium ion-binding capacity. The in vivo IPC model with canine teeth showed that regeneration of physiologic reactionary dentin with dentinal tubule structures was clearly observed beneath the remaining dentin in the CPNE7 group, whereas irregular features of reparative dentin were generated in the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) group. The CPNE7+MTA group also showed typical reactionary dentin without reparative dentin, showing synergistic effects of CPNE7 with MTA. A scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that dentinal tubules beneath the original dentin were occluded by the deposition of peritubular dentin in the CPNE7 and CPNE7+MTA groups, whereas those in the control group were opened. Therefore, CPNE7 may be able to serve as a novel IPC material and improve symptoms of dentin hypersensitivity.
Discounting, Cognition, and Financial Awareness: New Evidence from a Change in the Military Retirement System

type="main" xml:id="ecin12146-abs-0001"> The choice given military personnel between an immediate cash payment of $30,000 or a more generous retirement pension permits us to estimate individuals' personal discount rates (PDRs). The resulting PDRs, about 7% for enlisted personnel and 2%–4.3% for officers, are precise and are correlated with a variety of other financial behaviors. The PDR is negatively related to educational attainment and the Armed Forces Qualification Test, but cognition seems to operate through channels other than being better informed; better-informed individuals were not always measured to be more patient . ( JEL D91, D14)
The Contribution of Structural Shocks to Australian Unemployment

In this paper dynamic factor analysis techniques are used to decompose changes in unemployment into industry sectoral and common components. Sectoral shocks are important, but the dominant causes of variation in unemployment are common to all industries. This is particularly the case for low-frequency fluctuations in unemployment. The pattern of the estimated sectoral shocks reflects the well-documented shift of employment from agriculture and manufacturing to services, and we find no evidence that microeconomic reform has contributed greatly to unemployment. Copyright 2002 by The Economic Society of Australia.
The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates

This paper provides a critical analysis of research and notably quotations in the field of expatriate failure rates. Over the last three decades it has become almost ‘traditional’ to open an article on expatriate management by stating that expatriate failure rates are (very) high. Virtually every publication on the topic defines and measures expatriate failure as the percentage of expatriates returning home before their assignment contract expires. Of course, premature re-entry might be a very inadequate way to measure expatriate failure. One can easily argue that those expatriates who stay on their assignment but who fail to perform adequately are (potentially) more damaging to the company than the ones who return prematurely. Furthermore, successful completion of a foreign assignment does not mean that the possibility of expatriate failure has been avoided. Sometimes, returning home poses even larger problems than the foreign assignment itself. The repatriate must face re-establishing himself within the.
Colectomy for Fulminant Clostridium difficile Colitis: Predictors of Mortality

The purpose of this study was to define clinical and radiographic variables associated with postoperative mortality after urgent colectomy for fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis. Data were obtained regarding patients undergoing colectomy for fulminant C. difficile colitis at two institutions (1997-2005). Univariate analysis of factors predicting 30-day mortality was performed using χ2 and Student's t tests. Multivariable logistic regression was done to include all variables whose P value was < 0.20. Clinical variables analyzed included: age, gender, recent operation, comorbidities, preoperative multisystem organ failure, vasopressors, symptom duration, time to surgery, serum albumin, change in serum albumin, serum creatinine, white blood cell count, and extent of colectomy. Computed tomography variables included: ascites, megacolon, and extent of colitis. Thirty-five patients (mean age 70 years, 46% male) underwent urgent colectomy for C. difficile colitis. The 30-day mortality rate was 45.7 per cent (16/35). The only clinical variable associated with mortality was preoperative multisystem organ failure (non-survivors 9/16 vs survivors: 4/19; P = 0.037). None of the three patients undergoing partial colectomy survived, although the difference in survival versus those undergoing subtotal colectomy was not significant. Patients with fulminant C. difficile colitis undergoing colectomy have a high mortality rate. Preoperative presence of multisystem organ failure was independently predictive of mortality.
Application of the heston and hull–white models to german dax data

We focus on the stochastic description of stock price dynamics and concentrate on the Heston and Hull–White models. We derive the stationary probability density distribution of the variance of both models in the case of the zero correlation coefficient. These distributions are used to calculate solutions for the logarithmic returns of the stock price for short time lags. Furthermore, we compare the received results with numerical simulations. In addition, we apply the solutions of both models to tick-by-tick German Dax data. The data are from May 1996 to December 2001. We use the probability density distributions of the logarithmic returns calculated from the data and fit them to the theoretical distributions.
The Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone and Fluid Restriction in Meningitis ? How Strong is the Evidence?

In patients with meningitis, fluid restriction is recommended to counter the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and to reduce cerebral oedema. However, any effects of an increased plasma level of ADH upon cerebral oedema would be due not to fluid retention but to hypoosmolality. In a literature review of fluid and electrolyte disturbances and the effect of fluid therapy in bacterial/tuberculous meningitis, the prevalence of hyponatraemia, hypoosmolality and SIADH varied considerably; apparently, non-osmotic stimuli for the secretion of ADH, e.g. intracranial hypertension and hypovolaemia, were present in most patients. Neither clinical nor experimental studies have confirmed that fluid restriction reduces the cerebral oedema in meningitis. Furthermore, compared with maintenance therapy, fluid restriction did not improve outcome in a randomized controlled study. Thus, we find no evidence to support the use of fluid restriction in patients with meningitis. Fluid therapy in acute bacterial meningitis should aim at avoiding hypovolaemia and hypoosmolality based on the assumptions that (i) ADH is increased by non-osmotic stimuli; (ii) elevated ADH is less important for cerebral oedema than severe hypoosmolality, which may in itself induce or aggravate oedema; (iii) maintenance fluid therapy aiming at isoosmolality will not worsen neurological outcome; and (iv) hypovolaemia is difficult to detect, and detrimental for cerebral perfusion, in these patients.
Control of aggregation in protein refolding: A variety of surfactants promote renaturation of carbonic anhydrase II

The denaturation and renaturation of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) has been studied in several laboratories. Both thermodynamic and kinetic evidence support the existence of at least two intermediates between denatured and native protein. Previous studies have shown that on rapid dilution of a CAII solution from 5 M to 1 M guanidinium chloride, aggregation strongly competes with renaturation at higher protein concentrations, suggesting an upper limit for [CAII] of ∼0.1%. Our experiments show 60% renaturation at 0.4% [CAII] and that aggregate formation is partially reversible. This yield can be substantially increased by several surfactant additives, including simple alkanols as well as micelle‐forming surfactants. Effective surfactants (promoters) act by suppressing initial aggregate formation, not by dissolving aggregates. Promoters act on either the first folding intermediate (I1) or oligomers thereof. Eight of the 18 surfactants examined showed promoter activity, and no correlation was evident between promoter activity and chemical structure or surface tension lowering. These results indicate discrimination (molecular recognition) by I1 and/or its oligomers.
Exploring distributional determinants of large carnivore conservation in Sweden

This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature about distributional impacts (who wins and who loses) of implementing new management plans for non-market priced environmental goods and services. The focus is on whether and to what extent, age, gender, presence of large carnivores and income affect willingness-to-pay (WTP) for increasing large carnivore stocks in Sweden. Our results contradict findings from previous studies on large carnivores in the sense that patterns change when different distributional dimensions are analysed together. The results indicate that WTP is independent of the presence of large carnivores, except for the group ‘young men’. In general, young men are found to be a disparate group.
Land grabs and primitive accumulation in deltaic Bangladesh: interactions between neoliberal globalization, state interventions, power relations and peasant resistance

This essay provides theoretical and empirical analysis of the interrelationships between land grabs, primitive accumulation and accumulation by dispossession (ABD) in the context of capitalist development. Evidence from a multi-class peasant formation in deltaic Bangladesh indicates that land grabs have been propelled by interactions between neoliberal globalization, state interventions, power relations and peasant resistance. Key roles have been played by illegal violence and de-linking of poor peasants from production organization and clientelist relations providing access to land. Establishment of a shrimp zone for export production has led to systematic eviction of the poor, backed by state power. Poor peasant resistance has shifted towards overt forms involving coalition-building and collective action. It is argued that the concept of primitive accumulation can subsume both market and non-market mechanisms as well as voluntary and involuntary transactions involving different degrees of intentionality, inclusive of deliberate dispossession, unintended consequences and negative externalities. Primitive accumulation and ABD correspond to distinct historical phases of capitalism and are subsumable under a generic concept of ongoing capitalism-facilitating accumulation. The dynamics of ‘actually existing capitalism’ display a two-way and recursive causal relationship in which continuing primitive accumulation is as much a consequence of expanding capitalist production as its precondition.
Loss-Specific Training of Random Forests for Super-Resolution

Super-resolution addresses the problem of image upscaling by reconstructing high-resolution output images from low-resolution input images. One successful approach for this problem is based on random forests. However, this approach has a large memory footprint, since complex models are required to achieve high accuracy. To overcome this drawback, we present a novel method for constructing random forests under a global training objective. In this way, we improve the fitting power and reduce the model size. In particular, we combine and extend recent approaches on loss-specific training of random forests. However, in contrast to previous works, we train random forests with globally optimized structure and globally optimized prediction models. We evaluate our proposed method on benchmarks for single image super-resolution. Our method shows significantly reduced model size while achieving competitive accuracy compared to state-of-the-
A Canada-US Comparison of Labour Market Outcomes among Highly Educated Immigrants

Dans cet article, nous comparons l’évolution, au Canada et aux États-Unis, de la rémunération des nouveaux immigrants ayant un diplôme universitaire durant la période 1980-2005. Nos résultats montrent d’abord que cette rémunération était généralement plus élevée aux États-Unis qu'au Canada. Ensuite, quand on compare les immigrants ayant un diplôme universitaire et les diplômés universitaires nés au pays, on observe que, au Canada, durant notre période de référence, la rémunération des immigrants a diminué, alors qu’elle a augmenté aux États-Unis entre 1990 et 2000. Enfin, l’avantage, en termes de rémunération, associé au fait de détenir un diplôme universitaire était le même dans les deux pays en 1980, mais, en 2000, il était de beaucoup plus important aux États-Unis qu’au Canada. Nos résultas ne varient pas quand nous tenons compte des changements de composition.
A Phase 1 Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Rectal Safety and Acceptability Study of Tenofovir 1% Gel (MTN-007)

Objective Rectal microbicides are needed to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition associated with unprotected receptive anal intercourse. The MTN-007 study was designed to assess the safety (general and mucosal), adherence, and acceptability of a new reduced glycerin formulation of tenofovir 1% gel. Methods Participants were randomized 1∶1:1∶1 to receive the reduced glycerin formulation of tenofovir 1% gel, a hydroxyethyl cellulose placebo gel, a 2% nonoxynol-9 gel, or no treatment. Each gel was administered as a single dose followed by 7 daily doses. Mucosal safety evaluation included histology, fecal calprotectin, epithelial sloughing, cytokine expression (mRNA and protein), microarrays, flow cytometry of mucosal T cell phenotype, and rectal microflora. Acceptability and adherence were determined by computer-administered questionnaires and interactive telephone response, respectively. Results Sixty-five participants (45 men and 20 women) were recruited into the study. There were no significant differences between the numbers of ≥ Grade 2 adverse events across the arms of the study. Likelihood of future product use (acceptability) was 87% (reduced glycerin formulation of tenofovir 1% gel), 93% (hydroxyethyl cellulose placebo gel), and 63% (nonoxynol-9 gel). Fecal calprotectin, rectal microflora, and epithelial sloughing did not differ by treatment arms during the study. Suggestive evidence of differences was seen in histology, mucosal gene expression, protein expression, and T cell phenotype. These changes were mostly confined to comparisons between the nonoxynol-9 gel and other study arms. Conclusions The reduced glycerin formulation of tenofovir 1% gel was safe and well tolerated rectally and should be advanced to Phase 2 development. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01232803.
Pricing Initial Audit Engagements: A Test of Competing Theories

Two competing theories of initial engagement audit pricing are examined empirically. DeAngelo's (1981a) model predicts initial engagement discounts in all settings, while Dye's (1991) model specifically predicts discounting will not occur in settings where audit fees are publicly disclosed. Unlike the United States and most countries, audit fees are publicly disclosed in Australia. Our study examines initial engagement pricing in Australia during a time period when comparable U.S. studies report discounts of 25 percent (Ettredge and Greenberg 1990; Simon and Francis 1988). The Australian evidence finds initial engagement discounting only for upgrades from non‐Big 8 to Big 8 auditors. Discounting for upgrades to Big 8 auditors is consistent with economic theories of discount pricing by sellers of higher‐priced, higher‐quality experience goods as an inducement to purchase when uncertainty about product quality is resolved through buying (experiencing) the goods. The evidence in our study is generally consis.