Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entomological factors in relation to the occurrence of Japanese encephalitis in Malkangiri district, Odisha State, India

ABSTRACT Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne arbo-viral disease with seasonal occurrence. Since 2009, AES/JE cases have been reported from Malkangiri district of Odisha State, India at an interval of one year.In the current study, the entomological parameters of known JE vector mosquito species were assessed for one year in Malkangiri district. Mosquito collections were done fortnightly in the index villages from August 2015 to July 2016 to record the density, their breeding habitats, feeding behaviour, parity, dusk index (DI) and infection status with JE virus. A total of 2347 JE vector mosquitoes belonging to nine species were collected from dusk collections. Culex vishnui (38.3%) was the predominant species followed by Cx. whitmorei (17.3%), Cx. fuscocephalus (13.6%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (11.1%), Cx. bitaeniorhynchus (6.1%), Anopheles subpictus (4.8%), An. barbirostris (4.4%), Cx. quinquefasciatus (2.3%) and Cx. gelidus (2.2%). The average DI of Cx. vishnui was 0.37 which was highest among all JE vector species and varied between 0.02 (April) and 0.9 (November). The human blood indexof Cx. vishnui was 0.026. A total of 1835 JE vector mosquitoes were screened for the isolation of JE virus, but none was found positive. Presence of paddy fields and ponds, abundance of JE vectors and their human feeding habit indicate the risk of JE transmission in the study area. Detection of JE virus in Cx. vishnui during 2016 outbreak in Malkangiri district further confirms that there would be a threat of JE transmission during the favourable period.
Retinal vascular fractal dimension and cerebral blood flow, a pilot study

Ocular and brain microcirculation share embryological and histological similarities. The retinal vascular fractal dimension (FD) is a marker of retinal vascular complexity of the vascular tree. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF), retinal vascular FD and other retinal vascular markers.
Missing Voices: The Experience of Motherhood

Motherhood is often portrayed as one of the most fulfilling experiences in a woman's life. Books on pregnancy, birth and motherhood not only tell women what they should do, they also encourage them to have high expectations of what is inevitably a `journey into the unknown'. Missing Voices is different: its authors offer no prescriptions. Instead they relate the stories they heard during two rounds of interviews with 800 recent mothers. We hear about what happened to them during pregnancy and childbirth, what they thought of the care they received, and how they coped back at home. The result is a moving and powerful account of what it is like to be a mother in Australia in the 1990s.
Do documented records and retrospective reports of childhood maltreatment similarly predict chronic inflammation?

Abstract Background Childhood adversities have been associated with chronic inflammation and risk for cardiovascular disease. With some exceptions, existing knowledge of this relationship is based on retrospective self-reports, potentially subject to recall bias or memory problems. We seek to determine whether childhood maltreatment is associated with higher C-reactive protein (CRP) later in life and whether individuals with official and retrospective self-reports of maltreatment and men and women show similar increases in risk. Methods Data are from in-person interviews in 2009–2010 with 443 offspring (mean age = 23.4) of parents in a longitudinal study of the consequences of childhood maltreatment. Official reports of maltreatment were abstracted from 2011–2013 Child Protective Services records. Eleven measures were used to assess self-reported maltreatment retrospectively. Seventeen percent of offspring had official reports, whereas self-reported prevalence rates ranged from 5.4% to 64.8%. CRP was assessed through blood spot samples. Regression models were used to estimate the effect of maltreatment on inflammation, adjusting for age, sex, race, parent occupational status, current depression, smoking, and heavy drinking. Results Individuals with official reports of child maltreatment and, specifically, physical abuse, had significantly higher levels of CRP than non-maltreated individuals. Maltreated females showed elevated CRP, independent of control variables, whereas no significant association was observed in males. Retrospective self-report measures of child maltreatment did not predict elevated CRP. Conclusions Individuals with documented histories of childhood maltreatment are at increased risk for chronic inflammation and may benefit from targeted interventions. The results strengthen inferences about the effects of childhood maltreatment on inflammation in females.
The use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric malignancies

ABSTRACT Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fourth/fifth most common malignancy worldwide, with only a quarter of patients achieving a 5-year survival rate. It has been estimated that 15–50% or more of patients have peritoneal disease upon surgical exploration. Until the early 1990s, peritoneal metastasis was considered as terminal stage of the disease; in the late 1990s, selected patients with peritoneal metastasis were recategorized as local disease. Over the past two decades, the treatment of peritoneal involvement has transformed, and cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal therapy have drastically altered the natural course of several malignancies. Areas covered: We performed a review of studies available on PubMed from 1 January 2014 to 31 July 2019 and the analysis of their reference citations. We describe the most current intraperitoneal chemotherapy opportunities in the treatment of gastric cancer: hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), laparoscopic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (LHIPEC), neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy (NIPS), LHIPEC + NIPS, extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage (EIPL), early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC), and pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). Expert opinion: Comprehensive treatment consisting of CRS combined with perioperative intraperitoneal/systemic chemotherapy can, today, be considered an effective strategy to improve the long-term survival of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.
Stressors of Rape Crisis Work From the Perspectives of Advocates With and Without Sexual Assault Victimization History

Rape crisis centers largely rely on volunteers for delivering emergency room advocacy to survivors of sexual assault. Volunteer advocates bear witness to trauma as part of their role, such as when listening to details of sexual assault. This exposure may negatively affect advocates long term, which may lead to secondary traumatic stress and vicarious traumatization, and possibly reduce their ability to provide quality services and remain in their role. In addition, some advocates may be survivors of sexual assault themselves. Survivors may differentially experience the toll of advocacy work. The present qualitative study sought to identify stressors that advocates face within their role, aspects of stressors unique to survivors who advocate, and the effects of stressors on advocates. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 current volunteer advocates, 11 of whom identified as survivors, from three rape crisis centers. Findings demonstrated stressors associated with self-evaluation; rules or expectations of the role (including the crisis nature of the role); witnessing lack of client support; helplessness around sexual assault as a systems issue; identifying with the client; witnessing the physical and emotional impact on clients; and being reminded of their own assault. Results also revealed how these stressors and advocacy overall influenced advocates. Unique aspects of stressors to survivors arose in the way advocates experienced the stressors. In addition, survivors exclusively described being reminded of past trauma within advocacy work. Findings have implications for supporting advocate well-being by better understanding the stressors that may lead to negative outcomes and informing individual coping, training, and overall organizational support of advocates. Such measures may ensure retention of volunteers and maintain quality advocacy services.
Blood Pressure Variability and Progression of Clinical Alzheimer Disease.

Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been shown to have predictive value over blood pressure (BP) levels alone in stroke patients. We assessed whether BPV predicts cognitive and functional decline in Alzheimer disease, using data from a randomized trial (NILVAD [A European Multicentre Double-blind Placebo-controlled Phase III Trial of Nilvadipine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease]). Patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease were included if they had ≥3 office BP measurements available to determine visit-to-visit BPV. Day-to-day BPV was assessed using home BP measurements in a subsample. The variation independent of mean was used to calculate BPV. Outcomes were change in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale-12 and Disability Assessment for Dementia after 1 and 1.5 years. A total of 460 patients aged 72.1 (SD=8.1) years, with mean BP of 134.0/75.1 (10.9/6.3) mm Hg were included. After 1 year, patients in the highest quartile of BPV had deteriorated more on Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale compared with patients in the lowest quartile (systolic: β, 2.24 [95% CI, 0.11-4.38], P=0.040; diastolic: β, 2.54 [95% CI, 0.33-4.75] P=0.024). This association was still present after 1.5 years (systolic: β, 2.86 [95% CI, 0.35-5.36], P=0.026; diastolic: β, 3.30 [95% CI, 0.67-5.93], P=0.014). There was no effect of visit-to-visit BPV on Disability Assessment for Dementia. Day-to-day BPV was available for 46 patients. Significant associations were observed between day-to-day BPV and deterioration on Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (systolic: P=0.036) and Disability Assessment for Dementia (systolic: P=0.020; diastolic: P=0.007) after 1 year, but not after 1.5 years. All associations were adjusted for potential confounders, including intervention group. In conclusion, this post hoc analysis indicates that higher visit-to-visit and day-to-day BPV might be associated with progression of Alzheimer disease. Targeting BPV may be a future target to slow decline in patients with Alzheimer disease. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT02017340.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of sonidegib in patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma: 42‐month analysis of the phase II randomized, double‐blind BOLT study

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) exhibit aberrant activation of the hedgehog pathway. Sonidegib is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor approved for the treatment of locally advanced BCC (laBCC) and metastatic BCC (mBCC) based on primary results of the BOLT study [Basal Cell Carcinoma Outcomes with LDE225 (sonidegib) Treatment].
miRNA-205-5p functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating VEGFA and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in renal carcinoma cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of various types of cancers. Dysregulation of miR-205-5p has been reported in various types of human cancer. However, little is known concerning the role of miR-205-5p in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The pr~esent study was designed to investigate the role of miR-205-5p in RCC. The expression of miR-205-5p was measured in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and cell lines using RT-qPCR. RCC cell lines were transfected with miR-205-5p mimics. CCK-8 assays, wound healing assays, Matrigel invasion assays and nucleosome ELISAs were used to assess the effects of miR-205-5p on cell growth, migration, invasion and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was employed to detect changes in protein levels. Bioinformatic analyses and luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify the potential targets of miR-205-5p. Mouse xenograft models were used to verify the effect of miR-205-5p in vivo. The expression of miR-205-5p was found to be downregulated in 25 RCC tissues compared to that noted in the adjacent normal tissues. Decreased expression of miR-205-5p was associated with poor clinical outcomes. Based on the results of the in vitro experiments, overexpression of miR-205-5p reduced RCC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Overexpression of miR-205-5p also promoted apoptosis and inhibited the EMT in RCC cells. Moreover, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was found to be negatively regulated by miR-205-5p. Bioinformatic analyses and luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-205-5p directly targeted the 3′-UTR of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Furthermore, miR-205-5p negatively regulated the expression of VEGFA in ccRCC cell lines. In ccRCC tissues, miR-205-5p expression was inversely correlated with VEGFA expression. Moreover, overexpression of miR-205-5p inhibited RCC growth in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Overall, miR-205-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in RCC by targeting VEGFA and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ccRCC.
Mindfulness-Based Meditation Versus Progressive Relaxation Meditation: Impact on Chronic Pain in Older Female Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy

Chronic pain, the most common complication of diabetes, is treated with medication often to no avail. Our study aimed to compare the use of mindfulness meditation and progressive relaxation to reduce chronic pain in older females with diabetes. Methods The 105 study participants were divided randomly into 3 groups: Group MM (mindfulness meditation), Group CM (control meditation), and Group PM (progressive relaxation meditation). Assessment of analgesic effectiveness required changes in average daily pain Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) modified for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and Patient Global Impression of Change using descriptive statistics, Student’s t test, and analysis of variance where applicable. Results Both Groups MM and PM experienced significant (P < .05) reduction in average daily pain in last 24 hours at study end compared to baseline (28.7% and 39.7%, respectively). Group MM had more significant (P < .01) reduction of pain compared to control, a score of 5.2 ± 1.2 dropped to 3.0 ± 1.1 by week 12 of treatment. Groups MM and PM showed significant improvement in patients’ impression at study end, 75 ± 5.1% (n = 36) and 61 ± 6.5% (n = 32), respectively. In Group MM, patient satisfaction scores increased significantly (P < .05) to 3.8 ± 1.9 by week 12. Conclusion Integrative therapies such as mindfulness meditation can be part of a comprehensive pain management plan. Benefits include reduction of pain-related medication consumption, better treatment outcomes, improvement in comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression as well as no risk of addiction or abuse.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: 1,25(OH)2D3 improves blood lipid metabolism, liver function, and atherosclerosis by constraining the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in rats with hyperlipidemia

Statement of Retraction We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Cell Cycle, have retracted the following article: Chunpeng Lu, Yanping Yin, Yongliang Cui, Lili Wang, Yan Bai, Jian Li, Tingting Huang, Maimaiti Reziwanguli, and Lifu Miao. 1,25(OH)2D3 improves blood lipid metabolism, liver function, and atherosclerosis by constraining the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in rats with hyperlipidemia. Cell Cycle. 2019;18(22):3111-3124. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2019. 1669389. Since publication, significant concerns have been raised about the integrity of the data and reported results in the article. When approached for an explanation, the authors did not provide their original data or any necessary supporting information. As verifying the validity of published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, we are therefore retracting the article. The corresponding author listed in this publication has been informed. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.
Developmental Guidance: Practical Considerations.

When developmental guidance and counseling was first introduced into elementary schools about 25 years ago, almost everyone agreed that it was a good idea. Giving attention to life stages, characterized by typical student needs and interests, and helping children learn life management skills made sense. Few realized such an approach would also open the doors to new counselor roles, functions, and strategies at all grade levels. Pick an elementary school classroom in any city. Turn your attention away from the school curriculum, teaching methods, and classroom equipment and study the children. Even though they are similar in age, sitting in the same room and receiving instruction from the same teacher, they bring to the classroom their own unique personalities, experiences, attitudes, and needs. Look closely:
Sexual dimorphic expression and release of transcription factors in bovine embryos exposed to oxidative stress

Sexually dimorphic differences in genome activity, which is orchestrated by transcription factors (TFs), could explain the differential response of male and female embryos to environmental stressors. To proof this hypothesis, the expression of cellular and extracellular TFs was investigated in male and female bovine embryos in vitro cultured either under low (5%) or high (20%) oxygen levels. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), total cell number, expression of nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2) factor 2 (NFE2L2), Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4), notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1), E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), and SREBF2 along with extracellular vesicles (EVs) biogenesis genes were assessed at the blastocyst stage and their released EVs. Low blastocyst rate in both sexes due to oxidative stress (OS) was accompanied by increased ROS accumulation and reduced cell number in female embryos. The messenger RNA and protein levels of NFE2L2, as well as KLF4 expression, were higher in male embryos exposed to OS compared with female embryos. However, the expression of NOTCH1 and E2F1 was higher in female embryos cultured in high oxygen level. Male embryos exposed to OS released more EVs enriched with NFE2L2, superoxide dismutase 1, and NOTCH1 accompanied by elevated expression of EVs biogenesis genes. Accordingly, differential expression of TFs and their release into spent media could partially explain the sexual dimorphic response of bovine embryos to environmental stresses.
Traumatic knee injury patterns in Anatolian folk dancers: a case series and literature review.

injuries described in the literature are associated with ballet. In this review study, the authors tried to present the traumatic knee injury patterns of the Anatolian folk dance. The Fire of Anatolia dance group consists of 82 dancers (37 males [45.1%] and 45 females [54.9%]) with the mean age of 27.96 (SD = 5.05) years (range: 18-38 years). The major folk dances of the region are Zeybek, Halay, Horon, Teke, Roman, Karsilama, Bar and Lezginka ("the Caucasian"). The dancers suffered from 9 orthopedic injuries requiring surgical treatment (3 meniscus tears, 4 anterior cruciate ligament tears, 1 posterior cruciate ligament tear, 1 patellar dislocation) during a 10-year period. The authors investigated solely the traumatic injuries of these folk dance styles and aimed at revealing the traumatic knee injury patterns in this case series and literature review. On the one hand, the Anatolian folk dancers experienced meniscus tears following frequent squats and twists on single leg stances, typical of Horon and Zeybek. On the other hand, anterior cruciate tears happened after jumps and landings in the Caucasian (Lezginka jump) dance. A posterior cruciate ligament tear was also seen after the Caucasian dance landing. The split figure in the Karsilama dance ended up with patellar dislocation. Certain dance figures seem to be related to specific types of injuries.
Improving Our Understanding of the Death/Life Implicit Association Test

Abstract The “Death/Life” Implicit Association Test (d-IAT) is a reaction-time task which has been associated with past and future suicidal behavior; in some work, the association has been incremental to explicit self-report of suicide risk. Proposed mechanisms for this association relate to one’s unwillingness or inability to completely disclose or be introspectively aware of implicit risk. This study investigated moderators of implicit-explicit concordance as well as predictors of d-IAT score unexplained by self-reported suicidal thoughts and behaviors among an online sample of 382 adults with higher demographic suicide risk (i.e., military service members and veterans, men over age 50, and LGBTQ young adults). Before and after controlling for current explicit report, results replicated the finding of a significant relationship between d-IAT score and severity of past suicidal behavior, and additionally indicated that suicide attempt history and wish to live moderated the association between d-IAT score and explicit report. Furthermore, results suggest that poor introspective awareness, rather than deception, may account for differences between implicit and explicit risk assessment. Continuing investigation of moderators and mechanisms of the d-IAT is needed to improve the utility and validity of using implicit suicide risk assessment as a clinical tool.
Characteristic CT features of pheochromocytomas - probability model calculation tool based on a multicentric study.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the CT features of adrenal tumors in an effort to identify features specific to pheochromocytomas and second, to define a feasible probability calculation model. METHODS This multicentric retrospective study included patients from the period 2003 to 2017 with an appropriate CT examination and a histological diagnosis of an adrenal adenoma, pheochromocytoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, or metastasis. In total, 346 patients were suitable for the CT image analysis, which included evaluation of the largest diameter, the shape of the lesion, the presence of central necrosis and its margins, and the presence of an enhancing peripheral rim ("ring sign"). RESULTS Pheochromocytomas have a significantly more spherical shape (P<0.001), whereas an elliptical shape significantly reduces the probability of a pheochromocytoma (odds ratio = 0.015), as does another shape (odds ratio = 0.006). A "ring sign" is also more frequent in pheochromocytomas compared to other adrenal tumors (P=0.001, odds ratio = 6.49). A sharp necrosis also increases the probability of a pheochromocytoma more than unsharp necrosis (odds ratio 231.6 vs. 20.2). The probability calculation model created on the basis of the results confirms a high sensitivity and specificity (80% and 95%). CONCLUSION This study confirms the value of anatomical features in the assessment of adrenal masses with the ability to significantly improve the identification of pheochromocytomas. Advanced assessment of the tumor shape was defined and a original comprehensive calculating tool of the pheochromocytoma probability was created on the basis of the results presented here and could be used in clinical routine.