Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Small Solutions to Three-Dimensional Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamical System

In this paper, we consider the global wellposedness of three-dimensional incompressible magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) system with small and smooth initial data. The main difficulty of the proof lies in establishing the global in time $L^1$ estimate for gradient of the velocity field due to the strong degeneracy and anisotropic spectral properties of the linearized system. To achieve this and to avoid the difficulty of propagating anisotropic regularity for the transport equation, we first write our system in the Lagrangian formulation. Then we employ anisotropic Littlewood--Paley analysis to establish the key $L^1$ in time estimates to the velocity and the gradient of the pressure in the Lagrangian coordinate. With those estimates, we prove the global wellposedness of the Lagrangian formulation with smooth and small initial data by using the energy method. Toward this, we will have to use the algebraic structure of the Lagrangian formulation in a rather crucial way. The global wellposedness of the original.
Intrinsic electron accumulation layers on reconstructed clean InAs(100) surfaces.

The electronic structures of clean InAs(100) surfaces have been investigated by in situ high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Intrinsic electron accumulation layers with carrier densities strongly depending on the surface reconstruction are formed on both As-stabilized and In-stabilized surfaces. The correlation between the surface electron densities and the surface reconstructions suggests that electrons in the accumulation layers are induced by the donorlike intrinsic surface states of InAs whose energy spectrum is determined by the surface reconstructions.
Correlation between Epididymal Semen Quality Parameters and Malondialdehyde Levels in Adults SD rats Liver after Exposure to Bisphenol A .

It has been shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to deleterious effects on a range of sperm parameters. Bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to cause injury in the liver by forming ROS and increasing levels of lipid peroxidation. The aim of study was to determine the level of lipid peroxidation as indicated by Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue of rats treated with BPA. BPA was mixed in corn oil and intra-peritoneal administered every other day for 20 days in dose dependent manner. After 24 h of the last treatment, rats were weighed, sacrificed and liver harvested for analysis. Epididymal semen quality analysis was performed simultaneously using the CASA system (CFT-9200 computer-aided sperm and microorganism test and analysis system). The levels of MDA increased significantly in the treatment group compared to control group (**P ˂ 0.01) and had negative correlation with sperm count, motility and morphology (P<0.001). BPA caused a reduction in the epididymal semen quality and sperm count in a dose dependent manner. Sperm analyses results showed that there was oligozoospermia (˂20 x10 spermatozoids/ml) and asthenozoospermia (motility ˂50%) in the treatment group compared to control groups. These results indicate that exposure of graded doses of BPA may elicit depletion of MDA level and induce oxidative stress in epididymal sperm of rat thereby decreasing sperm count and quality. These findings provide a possible toxicological evidence of an adverse effect of BPA on semen quality.
The effects of Whole Body Vibration Exercise and subsequent detraining on body balance in elderly females

Balance disorders increase with aging and raise the risk of falls in the elderly. It has been suggested that the exercise efficiently counteracts these age related disorders, reducing the risk of falling significantly. Whole body vibration (WBV) is a novel modality of exercise shown to improve body balance. The aim of the study, therefore, was to identify chronic effects of WBV and subsequent detraining effects on body balance in elderly females. 24 females with average and standard deviation age of 57.83±3.05 yr, weight 67.11±4.58 kg and height 167.94±4.70 cm who all lived at home and could perform their daily tasks without help participated in this study. They were randomized consecutively into two Groups: the group submitted for the Whole Body Vibration Training Program for the six week and with 3 sessions per week (WBV Group), consisting of 12 subjects and the Control group, consisting of 12 subjects without intervention. Body balance was evaluated in all subjects, before and immediately after completion the exercise period and 4 week after final session of vibration training(for determined effects of detraining) with using the Timed “Up and Go" test. A T-test and two way repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey posthoc used to analyze the data (P≤0.05). Study results showed that WBV training period had a significant effect on body balance (p≤0.05). Also detraining effects on reducing body balance were significant after four weeks of detraining (p≤0.05). Whole body vibration specifically considering the methods of this study could be implemented in conjunction with other training interventions for older adults. Those assumptions however, are tentative since further study is required to specifically examine that theory.
Protein kinases: emerging therapeutic targets in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Introduction : Although protein kinases are primary targets for inhibition in hematological malignancies, until recently their contribution to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was poorly understood. Insights into B-cell receptor signaling and its role in regulating key cellular functions have shed light on candidate protein kinases that are aberrantly activated in CLL. In this regard, protein kinases are now considered as potential drug targets in CLL. Area covered : This review has covered signaling pathways and associated protein kinases in CLL and the kinase inhibitors currently available in preclinical and clinical investigations. Individual protein kinases that are abnormally active in CLL and the functional consequences of their inhibition are discussed. Expert opinion : A growing body of evidence suggests that protein kinases are druggable targets for patients with CLL. The emergence of novel and bio-available kinase inhibitors and their promising clinical activity in CLL underscore the oncogenic role of kinases in leukemogenesis. Further investigations directed towards their role as single agents or in combinations may provide insight into understanding the substantial role of kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways and their inhibition in B- CLL.
A numerical method to price discrete double Barrier options under a constant elasticity of variance model with jump diffusion

We develop a numerical method to price discrete barrier options on an underlying described by the constant elasticity of variance model with jump-diffusion (CEVJD). In particular, the partial integro differential equation associated to this model is discretized in time using an operator splitting scheme whose accuracy is enhanced by repeated Richardson extrapolation. Such an approach allows us to approximate the differential terms and the jump integral by means of two different numerical techniques. Precisely, the spatial derivatives, which exist only in the weak sense, are discretized using a finite element method based on piecewise quadratic polynomials, whereas the jump integral is directly collocated at the mesh points, so that it can be easily evaluated by Simpson numerical quadrature. As shown by extensive numerical simulation, the proposed approach is very efficient from the computational standpoint, and performs significantly better than the finite difference scheme developed in Wade et al. [On smoothing of the Crank–Nicolson scheme and higher order schemes for pricing barrier options, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 204 (2007), pp. 144–158].
T-lymphocyte subset analysis using the automated hematology analyser CELL-DYN 4000 for patients with hematological disorders

We evaluated the performance of a fully-automated hematology analyser CELL-DYN 4000 (CD4000; Abbott Laboratories, CA, USA) for T-lymphocyte subset analysis using the samples from 58 patients with hematological disorders. A flow cytometer (CytoronAbsolute; Ortho Diagnostics, NJ, USA) was used for comparison. Good correlations were shown between CD4000 and CytoronAbsolute for the of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts (for each of correlations, r = 0.992, 0.992, and 0.969, respectively). This good correlation was sustained even in 24 cases in which the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were less than 200/μl. In this group the correlation coefficients (r-values) for the comparisons between CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-lymphocytes measured by CD4000 and CytoronAbsolute were 0.991, 0.976, and 0.990, respectively. The CD4000 T-lymphocyte assay is a completely automated method, and does not require opening of the sample tube, which reduces exposure to any biohazards such as HIV. Furthermore, the method is rapid and requires only 7 min for completion of the analysis.
Relationships among body condition score, milk yield and reproduction in Czech Fleckvieh cows

The objective of this study was to confirm the relationship among body condition score at the time around parturition, milk yield in subsequent lactation, reproductive efficiency and BCS development in Czech Fleckvieh dairy cows. The BCS and milk yield were measured once a month and the cows were divided into groups according to their BCS before and after calving. Next, data from the database of cattle reproduction of the Czech Fleckvieh herd book were used. The dataset was analyzed by multifactorial analysis of variance using procedures COOR and GLM of the statistical program SAS. Cows with lower BCS in the 1 st month after calving showed an increase in both milk yield and fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) yield. No significant relationship was found between the BCS level before calving and subsequent milk yield. The body condition level in the last month before parturition influenced its subsequent decrease in the first phase of lactation. The group of cows with the highest BCS level before calving retained a high BCS level in the first five months of lactation. Adequately, the group of cows with the lowest BCS in the first month of lactation had the lowest BCS in the next four months. BCS before calving was not related to reproduction indicators, but the significant effect of BCS in the 1 st month after calving on the length of calving to the first service interval was confirmed. The group of cows with BCS > 3.5 in the 1 st month after calving had the most favourable reproduction indicators, also when the milk yield level was taken into account.
On the ability to provide evaluative comments: further explorations of children's narrative competencies

ABSTRACT This study investigated the changing functions of evaluative devices in children's narratives. The evaluative devices included (a) references to ‘frames of mind’, particularly to emotions, (b) character speech, (c) ‘hedges’, (d) negative qualifiers, and (e) causal connectors. Narratives were elicited from a 24-picture story book. The subjects were three groups of native English-speaking Americans (12 per group): five- and nine-year-old children and college undergraduate students. A quantitative comparison revealed that (i) adults used evaluative devices three times as often as five-year-olds, and two-and-a-half times as often as the nine-year-old children; (ii) adults used significantly more references to ‘frames of mind’ and ‘hedges’ than the children; and (iii) whereas five-year-olds used each evaluative type equally often, nine-year-olds and adults used references to ‘frames of mind’ significantly more than the other four evaluation types. A second analysis, focusing specifically on the discourse functions of references to ‘frames of mind’ revealed that, early on, this particular device is used to express a local evaluative perspective on particular events, while with increasing age it is used to signal the hierarchial organization of the story events. These findings are discussed with regard to two non-linguistic developmental achievements, the formation of event schemas and the formation of a theory of mind.
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of recurrence and progression in patients with high-grade pT1 bladder cancer.

INTRODUCTION We investigated the value of the preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting recurrence and progression of high-grade pT1 non-muscle-invasive tumour in patients with bladder cancer during a 5-year follow-up period. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data of 1100 patients with bladder cancer; these patients underwent transurethral resection and were monitored at multiple centres from 2008 to 2013. In total, 166 consecutive and newly diagnosed patients with high-grade pT1 tumours were included in this study. The NLR was calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count. RESULTS Of the 166 patients, 152 were male. The patients were evaluated as two separate groups in terms of recurrence and progression. The mean follow-up period was 24.2 months (interquartile range 13.8-36.6 months). A statistically significant difference was found between recurrence and tumour size (p = 0.001), number of tumours (p < 0.001), NLR (p < 0.001), and smoking (p = 0.007). No statistically significant correlation was found between NLR and progression. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the optimum cut-off value for the NLR was ≥2.43 (74% sensitivity, 60% specificity, p < 0.001; area under the curve [AUC] 0.687, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.607-0.767). Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined that the following factors were independent predictors of recurrence in patients with high-grade pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: tumour number (OR 5.32, 95% CI 2.10-12.90), NLR of ≥2.43 (OR 2.587; 95% CI 1.156-5.789), and smoking (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.31-13.21). CONCLUSION A high preoperative NLR may play an important role in predicting recurrence of superficial transitional cell type high-grade pT1 bladder tumours. Prospective studies are required to validate the role of NLR as a prognostic marker in high-grade pT1 bladder tumours.
Observations of surf infrasound in Hawai‘i

Comparison of ocean buoy measurements with infrasonic array data collected during the epic winter of 2002–2003 shows a clear relationship between breaking ocean wave height and infrasonic signal levels. In addition, infrasonic arrays allow the identification of distinct breaking zones along the shoreline. Our observations suggest that infrasonic measurements can be used in conjunction with buoys to estimate wave heights, identify regions of high wave action, and validate surface wave propagation models.
Impact of a 1755-like tsunami in Huelva, Spain

Abstract. Coastal areas are highly exposed to natural hazards associated with the sea. In all cases where there is historical evidence for devastating tsunamis, as is the case of the southern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, there is a need for quantitative hazard tsunami assessment to support spatial planning. Also, local authorities must be able to act towards the population protection in a preemptive way, to inform "what to do" and "where to go" and in an alarm, to make people aware of the incoming danger. With this in mind, we investigated the inundation extent, run-up and water depths, of a 1755-like event on the region of Huelva, located on the Spanish southwestern coast, one of the regions that was affected in the past by several high energy events, as proved by historical documents and sedimentological data. Modelling was made with a slightly modified version of the COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model) code. Sensitivity tests were performed for a single source in order to understand the relevance and influence of the source parameters in the inundation extent and the fundamental impact parameters. We show that a 1755-like event will have a dramatic impact in a large area close to Huelva inundating an area between 82 and 92 km2 and reaching maximum run-up around 5 m. In this sense our results show that small variations on the characteristics of the tsunami source are not too significant for the impact assessment. We show that the maximum flow depth and the maximum run-up increase with the average slip on the source, while the strike of the fault is not a critical factor as Huelva is significantly far away from the potential sources identified up to now. We also show that the maximum flow depth within the inundated area is very dependent on the tidal level, while maximum run-up is less affected, as a consequence of the complex morphology of the area.
Value of p53 expression, cellular proliferation, and DNA content as prognostic indicators in renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE In renal cell carcinoma (RCC) little is known about the basic mechanisms of cell proliferation and differentiation leading to growth, invasion, and eventual metastasis. In the present study, the prognostic significance of proliferative activity, p53 activity, and ploidy is analyzed. METHODS In 90 patients with RCC overexpression of the p53 protein. DNA ploidy and proliferation status as determined by the monoclonal antibodies Ki-67 and Ki-S5 were analyzed in addition to tumor malignancy grade and stage and correlated with the clinical course. RESULTS During the follow-up period (average 38 months) 23% of the patients had a progressive course. Only the Ki-S5 index correlated with stage, grade, and clinical course. Ploidy, p53, and Ki-67 correlated neither with tumor stage and grade nor with the clinical course. CONCLUSION The proliferation activity determined with the monoclonal antibody Ki-S5 represents the most promising prognostic factor of the pathological indicators considered for the clinical course of RCC.
Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by whey and caseinate ingestion after resistance exercise in elderly individuals

Sarcopenia is a well‐known phenomenon in elderly individuals and resistance exercise together with sufficient amino acid (AA) availability has proved to be a counteractive implement. However, the source of AA and supplement timing require further investigation. The objective was to compare muscle protein synthesis (MPS) to intakes of whey and caseinate after heavy resistance exercise in healthy elderly individuals, and, furthermore, to compare the timing effect of caseinate intake. Twenty‐four elderly men and women (mean ± SEM; 68 ± 1 years) were randomized to one of four groups: caseinate intake before exercise (CasPre), caseinate intake immediately after exercise (CasPost), whey intake immediately after exercise (Whey), or intake of a non‐caloric control drink (Control). Muscle myofibrillar and collagen fractional synthesis rates (FSR) were measured by a primed continuous infusion of l‐[1‐13C]leucine using labeled proteins during a 6‐h recovery period. No differences were observed in muscle myofibrillar and collagen FSR with Whey (0.09 ± 0.01%/h) compared with CasPost (0.09 ± 0.003%/h), and it did not differ between CasPre (0.10 ± 0.01%/h) and CasPost. MPS does not differ with whey and caseinate feeding immediately after heavy resistance exercise in elderly individuals, and MPS is similar with caseinate ingestion before and after exercise.
Sterol and Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Deficiency Triggers Fatty Acid-mediated Cell Death*

Deletion of the acyltransferases responsible for triglyceride and steryl ester synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a genetic model of diseases where lipid overload is a component. The yeast mutants lack detectable neutral lipids and cytoplasmic lipid droplets and are strikingly sensitive to unsaturated fatty acids. Expression of human diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 in the yeast mutants was sufficient to reverse these phenotypes. Similar to mammalian cells, fatty acid-mediated death in yeast is apoptotic and presaged by transcriptional induction of stress-response pathways, elevated oxidative stress, and activation of the unfolded protein response. To identify pathways that protect cells from lipid excess, we performed genetic interaction and transcriptional profiling screens with the yeast acyltransferase mutants. We thus identified diacylglycerol kinase-mediated phosphatidic acid biosynthesis and production of phosphatidylcholine via methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine as modifiers of lipotoxicity. Accordingly, the combined ablation of phospholipid and triglyceride biosynthesis increased sensitivity to saturated fatty acids. Similarly, normal sphingolipid biosynthesis and vesicular transport were required for optimal growth upon denudation of triglyceride biosynthesis and also mediated resistance to exogenous fatty acids. In metazoans, many of these processes are implicated in insulin secretion thus linking lipotoxicity with early aspects of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome.
Cellular senescence in telomerase-expressing Syrian hamster embryo cells.

We have observed that normal, diploid Syrian hamster embryo cells (SHE) express the enzyme telomerase but undergo senescence at the end of their replicative lifespan. After 20-30 population doublings (pd) these cells cease proliferating, enlarge in size, exhibit a pH 6.0 senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, and fail to phosphorylate the RB protein or enter into S-phase after serum stimulation. We have observed that SHE cells express telomerase throughout their replicative lifespan and that the average telomere length does not appear to decrease, remaining at about 23 kb in senescent cells. In addition, individual clones of SHE cells also have telomerase activity and telomeres that do not decrease in length, ruling out the possibility that there is a rare, immortal subpopulation of telomerase-expressing cells that is lost during passaging. Together, these data suggest that SHE cells are likely to senesce by a mechanism that does not involve telomere loss.
Induction of apoptosis by tea polyphenols mediated through mitochondrial cell death pathway in mouse skin tumors

Many naturally occurring phytochemicals have shown cancer chemopreventive potential in a variety of bioassay systems. One such naturally occurring biologically active compound is tea (Camellia sinensis), which is the most consumed beverage in the world after water. The most abundant and active constituents of tea are polyphenols (epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavins). In the present study, cancer chemopreventive properties of both black tea polyphenols (BTP) and green tea polyphenols (GTP) on 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced mouse skin carcinogenesis were studied. BTP and GTP treatment showed delay in onset of tumorigenesis, reduction in cumulative number of tumors and increased tumor free survival. Both BTP and GTP were found to modulate the expression of proteins involved in apoptotic pathway. Tea polyphenols treatment along with DMBA exposure resulted in up-regulation of p53, and proapoptotic protein Bax, whereas enhanced expression of antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and survivin by DMBA were down-regulated. Further, we showed that tea polyphenols supplementation resulted in release of cytochrome c, caspases activation, and increase in apoptotic protease activating factor and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage as mechanism of apoptosis induction. The results also provide strong evidence that BTP is a better chemopreventive agent against skin tumorigenesis as compared to GTP at the tested dose levels. Thus, we can conclude that the polyphenolic constituents present in black tea and green tea induce mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and hence can be used as a potential chemopreventive agents against skin cancer.