Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Various Media on the Dissolution Profiles of Immediate-Release Quetiapine Tablets in India

Dissolution testing was performed to evaluate the drug release from tablets. To mimic actual in vivo conditions, various foods and beverages were added to the dissolution media, and the release profiles were investigated. Indian people tend to have milk, curds, or eggs during their meals and then take their medications immediately after meals, whereas Americans tend to take medications with beverages. To evaluate drug release profiles in the presence and absence of these foods and beverages, in vitro dissolution testing was conducted using three different Indian quetiapine fumarate tablet brands. The effect on drug release was evaluated by adding 100 mL milk (3.1% protein), 100 g curd (4.1% protein), and 50 g raw and boiled egg white individually to 0.1 N HCl, and the release was compared with that in only 0.1 N HCl as per the Indian Pharmacopeia (IP) (1). The study was conducted for 3 h in triplicate, and the results show a significant difference among the brands in each medium with food. The maximum release obtained for each brand in 0.1 N HCl was 90%; in the presence of milk, curd, raw egg, and boiled egg it was approximately 7.06%, 2.42%, 29.56%, 24.08%, respectively, indicating that the drug was unavailable. Studies were also conducted with beverages and antacids; 200 mL of Thums Up, Sprite, and ENO were added individually to 0.1 N HCl and the release results compared. Results indicate a decrease of around 15% in availability in the presence of beverages and a 37% decrease in the presence of antacids. The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA at its Q value (45 min).
Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacities and Total Polyphenols in Various Edible Parts of Capparis spinosa L. Collected from Trans-Himalayas

The phytochemical screening, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenols in the methanolic extract of leaves, flower buds, roots and fruits of Capparis spinosa collected from trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh were assessed in an effort to corroborate its medicinal and culinary potential. Highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were observed in the leaves and least in dried fruit samples, even FRAP assay also illustrated the same trend. IC 50 values of DPPH assay was highly correlated with that of ABTS (R 2 =0.9084) and FRAP assay (R 2 =0.9771). However, IC 50 value of ABTS was reasonably correlated with FRAP assay (R 2 =0.5838). The highest phenolic and flavonoid content was recorded in the leaf samples (24.78 and 5.69 mg GAE/g DW respectively), whereas it was lowest in the dried fruit samples (4.07 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW and nil, respectively). The total phenolic contents were highly correlated with IC 50 value of ABTS (R 2 =0.9084), DPPH (R 2 =0.9388) and FRAP value (R 2 =0.9618). But, total flavonoid contents were highly correlated with ABTS (R 2 =0.7449), DPPH (R 2 =0.8791) and FRAP values (R 2 =0.9588). Thus, this study has validated the medicinal potential of all the edible parts of the C. spinosa.
Hardware Implementation of MAC using MATLAB Simulink and FPGA

The MAC unit is considered as one of the fundamental operations in DSP and it becomes a basic component in ApplicationSpecific-Integrated-Circuits (ASIC). The MAC unit determines the speed of the overall system; it always lies in the critical path. Developing a high speed MAC is crucial for real time DSP applications. In other words the MAC operation is the main computational kernel in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) architectures. This paper shows the real time hardware and software implementation of MAC unit. This proposed MAC Unit is able to perform different arithmetic operations at high speed. Combinatorial form has been utilized to design all sub-modules being used in the MAC unit. And integrated in the final unit, reset and clock functionality has been provided in this final unit to have better control on the circuitry. The complete design has been developed by using MATLAB Simulink and then simulated and synthesized using XILINX ISE TOOL for FPGA Implementation. For this design the target FPGA device belongs to Spartan-6 (family), XC6lS45 (device), CSG324 (package) with speed grade of -4. Xilinx synthesis tool (XST) of Xilinx ISE-14.x has been used for synthesis purpose and for design MATLAB has been used. For the behavioral simulation purpose ISE simulator has been used. KeywordsMAC, System Generator, DSP, FPGA, MATLAB, Simulink
Mortality Inequality in Canada and the U.S.: Divergent or Convergent Trends?

Mortality is a crucial indicator of wellbeing and recent mortality trends have been a subject of public debate in many Western countries. This paper compares mortality inequality in Canada and the U.S. over the period 1990/91 through 2010/11. In Canada, mortality inequality remained constant among the youngest, but increased for men over 24 and for women over 14. In contrast, in the U.S. mortality inequality fell for children and youth, while at older ages it either modestly decreased or held steady. By 2010/11 the initially higher U.S. rates of infant and child mortality had almost converged to their Canadian counterparts.
Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetic Patients: A Pilot Study In Saudi Arabia

Introduction: In Saudi Arabia, diabetes affects one in four individuals. It greatly impacts on their Quality of Life and is a heavy burden on the country. Many patients are not compliant with their treatments which leads to high morbidity. Aim: The goal of this work was to assess the perceived problems with diabetes, their distress, and the relative fatalism felt by affected individuals. Methods: The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale, the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS), and the Diabetes Fatalism Scale (DFS) were used after translating them to Arabic. They were distributed anonymously to patients with diabetes and were then analyzed. Results: Results of the PAID questions showed that the main concerns displayed by diabetic patients include complications of the condition, adverse effects of low blood sugar levels on health and the effect of glycemic control on their mood. Results to the DDS showed that the main stressor for patients is the constant feeling that they are unable to control their regiment well enough. The DFS results showed that patients feel that diabetes interferes with their lives causing distress and frustration, and they feel upset about it. Conclusion: Whether they vocalize their feelings or not, diabetic patients perceive this disease as a weighty and difficult condition with which they must live. Understanding their concerns can enable the dental team in appeasing fears, catering to their patients’ frustrations and ultimately helping them cope and take control of their oral and overall health.
Expression of collagenases matrix metalloproteinases and YB-1 oncogenic factor in malignant melanoma cancer cells and its regulation by stromal fibroblasts

Background and Objective: Fibroblast stromal cells actively participates in tumor invasion by secreting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) within the tumor microenvironment. Expression of these enzymes is primarily regulated at a transcriptional level via interaction with transcription factors. Among these factors, YB-1 oncogenic factor binds with different nucleic acids to exert its diverse influences. Also it represents an important prognostic indicator in many types of tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of collagenases MMPs (MMP1, MMP8, MMP13) and the cellular proliferation in one of the most invasive types of cancer cell types which is the A375 malignant melanoma cancer cell line using co-culture settings. Also, the study attempted to assess the expression of YB-1 factor and its in vivo interaction with the AP-1 gene promoter sequence. Materials and Methods: The experiment involved growing A375 cells with CCD1079SK fibroblasts cells in co-culture environment. The proliferation of cells was determined using serial trypan blue assays, while the expression of YB-1, MMP1, MMP8 and MMP13 was determined by the use of real-time PCR and western blotting analysis. The potential interaction between YB-1 protein and AP-1 promoter sequence was assessed through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. SPSS with independent t- test was used to compare cell proliferation and real-time PCR Ct mean values between samples. Results: In co-culture setting, the proliferation of A375 cancer cells was significantly faster than the cells in monoculture setting (5.1×105, 3×105 respectively in day 3) (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant increase in the expression of MMP1 enzyme. YB-1 and MMP8 were significantly expressed more in the A375 cancer cells in comparison with normal fibroblasts cells (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study confirms the role of stromal fibroblasts by enhancing the proliferation of melanoma cancer cells in vitro and increasing the expression of the MMP1 enzyme. In addition, YB-1 factor remains as an important prognostic indicator in cancer that might regulate expression of MMPs without binding to the AP-1 promoter sequence.
A possible link between food and mood Jørgensen

Major depressive disorder is a debilitating disease in the Western World. A western diet high in saturated fat and refined sugar seems to play an important part in disease development. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating whether saturated fat or sucrose predisposes mice to develop behavioral symptoms which can be interpreted as depression-like, and the possible influence of the gut microbiota (GM) in this. Fourty-two mice were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets, a high-fat, a high-sucrose or a control diet for thirteen weeks. Mice on high-fat diet gained more weight (p = 0.00009), displayed significantly less burrowing behavior than the control mice (p = 0.034), and showed decreased memory in the Morris water maze test compared to mice on high-sucrose diet (p = 0.031). Mice on high-sucrose diet burrowed less goal-oriented, showed greater latency to first bout of immobility in the forced swim test when compared to control mice (p = 0.039) and high-fat fed mice (p = 0.013), and displayed less anxiety than mice on high-fat diet in the triple test (p = 0.009). Behavioral changes were accompanied by a significant change in GM composition of mice fed a high-fat diet, while no difference between diet groups was observed for sucrose preferences, LPS, cholesterol, HbA1c, BDNF and the cytokines IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-17 and TNF-a. A series of correlations was found between GM, behavior, BDNF and inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, the study shows that dietary fat and sucrose affect behavior, sometimes in opposite directions, and suggests a possible association between GM and behavior. Citation: Pyndt Jørgensen B, Hansen JT, Krych L, Larsen C, Klein AB, et al. (2014) A Possible Link between Food and Mood: Dietary Impact on Gut Microbiota and Behavior in BALB/c Mice. PLoS ONE 9(8): e103398. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0103398 Editor: Stefan Bereswill, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany Received November 21, 2013; Accepted July 1, 2014; Published August 18, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Pyndt Jørgensen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * Email: bmp@sund.ku. dk
Formalised classifi cation of the annual herb vegetation of wetlands (Isoëto Nano - Juncetea class) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (Central Europe)

Vegetation of ephemeral wetlands (class Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea) was studied in the Czech Republic and Slovakia using a formalised classifi cation approach. We analysed a set of phytosociological relevés recorded in the study region comprising 17583 relevés of wetlands and some types of ruderal vegetation. Formal defi nitions of particular associations were completed using a dataset of 1580 relevés, originally assigned by their authors into the Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea class. 770 of these relevés were classifi ed into one of the three alliances (Verbenion supinae, Eleocharition ovatae and Radiolion linoidis) and nine associations: Ranunculetum lateriflori (south-eastern Slovakia), Cerastio-Ranunculetum sardoi (mainly southern Slovakia and southern Moravia), Veronico anagalloidis-Lythretum hyssopifoliae (southern Moravia), Pulicario vulgaris-Menthetum pulegioidis (southern parts of both republics, especially in Slovakia), Polygono-Eleocharitetum ovatae (mainly southern Bohemia and the Bohemian-Moravian Uplands in the Czech Republic), Cyperetum micheliani (both republics), Stellario uliginosae-Isolepidetum setaceae (mainly in southern Bohemia and Bohemian-Moravian Uplands in the Czech Republic, less frequently in Slovakia), Centunculo-Anthoceretum punctati (only two relevés in both republics) and Junco tenageiae-Radioletum linoidis (southern Bohemia in the Czech Republic, Borská lowland in western and Orava region in northern Slovakia). The main environmental gradient of the studied vegetation expressed by Ellenberg indicator values (EIV) is moisture (Spearman correlation coeffi cient with the fi rst DCA axes -0.666, p < 0.001), followed by light (-0.656, p < 0.001). Comparison of clusters based on EIV showed signifi cant differences in several cases, mainly: 1) the signifi cantly lowest EIV for temperature was detected for Stellario uliginosae-Isolepidetum setaceae and Junco tenageiae-Radioletum linoidis; 2) Polygono-Eleocharitetum ovatae had the highest EIV for moisture; and 3) Junco tenageiae-Radioletum linoidis had the lowest EIV for nutrients. Our study is one of the fi rst attempts at formal classifi cation of Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea vegetation in a relatively large area and to compare the ecology of the communities defi ned by this approach.
A Morphological and morphometric study of foetal and adult , human foramen magnum in relation with age changes , sexual dimorphism and symmetry

Introduction: Foramen Magnum (FM) is The most important bony foramen at the skull base, and the information regarding this foramen is useful for various skull base surgeries, radiological and forensic investigations, anatomical and anthropological studies. This study is carried out with following aims 1) To study various dimensions of foramen magnum. 2) To study comparative morphometry of the foramen Magnum between foetal, adolescent & adult age. 3) To study symmetry of the foramen Magnum with respect to midline. Also statistical analysis has been carried out to show the age changes and morphology of foramen magnum from foetal to adult age and in male and female sex and to show the symmetry of foramen magnum. Method: 181 skulls of known sex (age ranging from 13 to 60 and above), and 54 foetal skulls were studied from different medical institutes in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Chattisgarh states of India. The skulls were divided into 5 groups as A: foetal age group; Bf: female skulls of age group 13-25 years; B-m: male skulls of age group 13-25 years; C-f: female skulls of age group above 25 years; C-m: male skulls of age group above 25 years. Observations and results: Foramen Magnum showed statistically significant difference in its morphology as the age advanced from foetal to adolescent and adolescent to adult age. Foramen Magnum showed significant sexual dimorphism within adoloscent group (p<0.05) but did not show significant sexual dimorphism within adult group. Further the foramen magnum showed significant asymmetry in foetal age and it becomes more symmetrical with advanced age, however it was longer posteriorly than anteriorly. In some foetal and adult skulls, the FM also showed a significant angle between its anteroposterior diameter and the Y-axis mid sagittal line of the skull. Conclusion: The dimensions of FM show statistically significant increase from foetal to adult age, the FM shows significant sexual dimorphism within adolescent male and females but not within adult male and females. The FM is significantly asymmetrical in foetal age and becomes more symmetrical as the age advances to adolescent and adult age. The FM is longer posteriorly than anteriorly and sometimes shows an angle between its anteroposterior diameter and Y axis, and this angle can be seen in all the age groups.
Win or Lose: Residential Sorting After a School Choice Lottery

Abstract We examine residential relocation and opting out of the public school system in response to school choice lottery outcomes. We show that rising kindergartners and sixth graders who lose a school choice lottery are 6 percentage points more likely to exit the district or change neighborhood schools (20% to 30% increase) and make up 0.14 to 0.35 standard deviations in average school test scores between lottery assignment and attendance the following year. Using hedonic-based estimates of land prices, we estimate that lottery losers pay a 9% to 11% housing price premium for access to a school with a 1 standard deviation higher mean test score.
Evaluating the circumplexity of interpersonal traits and the manifestation of interpersonal traits in interpersonal trust

Two studies assessed the goodness of fit of ideal, quasi-, and noncircumplex models of interpersonal traits. Study 1 (N = 132) represents a secondary data analysis using J.S. Wiggins's (1979) original Interpersonal Adjectives Scales (IAS) and reported by J.S. Wiggins, J.H. Steiger, and L. Gaelick (1981). Study 2 (N = 401) represents a primary data analysis using Wiggins's revised IAS (J.S. Wiggins, P. Trapnell, & N. Phillips, 1988). Results of both studies indicated that a quasi-circumplex model provided a better fit to the correlational data than did either ideal or noncircumplex models. Also, in Study 2, results for a subsample (n = 113) indicated that an ideal circumplex model yielded a significant positive path coefficient from Nurturance to interpersonal trust (J.K. Rempel, J.G. Holmes, & M.P. Zanna, 1985) but not from Dominance to interpersonal trust, whereas a quasi-circumplex model yielded significant positive paths from both Dominance and Nurturance to interpersonal trust.
An ALK-positive NSCLC patient with the G 1202 R mutation detected by next-generation sequencing

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are currently essential drugs in the treatment of the subset of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showing ALK rearrangement. Notwithstanding, even the response to ALK inhibitors is usually not sustained in these patients, because of the occurrence of secondary mutations in ALK, MET amplification, or other unknown alterations. Herein, we report the case of a 70-year-old Japanese woman who was diagnosed as having advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung with ALK rearrangement. Treatment with crizotinib as well as with pemetrexed yielded good responses initially, however, the disease eventually progressed. Then, treatment with alectinib, a second-generation ALK inhibitor, was initiated, which yielded a dramatic response, which was sustained approximately for two months. When the disease progressed again, we re-challenged the patient with pemetrexed again, which resulted in marked tumor shrinkage, however, the tumor eventually recurred again. At autopsy, tumors were found in the lung, hilar lymph nodes, spleen, pleura and peritoneum, and examination of the lung tumor tissue obtained at autopsy by next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed G1202R substitution, a secondary ALK mutation. Our experience emphasizes the importance of repeated genomic analyses of the tumor tissue at several time-points during the course of time, including after death, to explain intractable cancer progression under molecular-targeted therapy. An important lesson from this case is that the timing of treatment with regimens including molecular-target agents and other conventional therapies must be chosen taking into account the underlying molecular events in the tumors.
Investigation of roman age pigments found on pottery fragments

This work deals with the study of the physico-chemical characteristics of pigments found on pottery fragments from an excavation in Vicenza (Contrà Pedemuro S. Biagio). The examined pigments were: a blue colour on a terracotta fragment; an olive green on a black pot bottom; yellow traces on a red depurated terracotta; an olive green plate bottom with an amaranth “a fresco” test; a deep red on a depurated terracotta; a white trace, again on a depurated terracotta. The techniques used were optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), equipped with an energy dispresive (EDS) microanalysis detector, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Most of those techniques were non-destructive and able to provide the required results. All the pigments belonged to the group of basic colours, we did not find “precious” pigments. They have many similarities to those discovered in other European sites in France and Switzerland, witnessing the active trading exchange in which X a Regio, Venetia et Histria played an important role. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Housing Wealth Effects: The Long View

We provide new time-varying estimates of the housing wealth effect back to the 1980s. We use three identification strategies: ordinary least squares with a rich set of controls, the Saiz housing supply elasticity instrument, and a new instrument that exploits systematic differences in city-level exposure to regional house price cycles. All three identification strategies indicate that housing wealth elasticities were if anything slightly smaller in the 2000s than in earlier time periods. This implies that the important role housing played in the boom and bust of the 2000s was due to larger price movements rather than an increase in the sensitivity of consumption to house prices. Full-sample estimates based on our new instrument are smaller than recent estimates, though they remain economically important. We find no significant evidence of a boom–bust asymmetry in the housing wealth elasticity. We show that these empirical results are consistent with the behaviour of the housing wealth elasticity in a standard life-cycle model with borrowing constraints, uninsurable income risk, illiquid housing, and long-term mortgages. In our model, the housing wealth elasticity is relatively insensitive to changes in the distribution of loan-to-value (LTV) for two reasons: first, low-leverage homeowners account for a substantial and stable part of the aggregate housing wealth elasticity; second, a rightward shift in the LTV distribution increases not only the number of highly sensitive constrained agents but also the number of underwater agents whose consumption is insensitive to house prices.
Vocational Personalities and Mindfulness

In the past few decades, many studies have been conducted on the positive effects of mindfulness, a state of openness to novelty in which an individual actively constructs categories and distinctions. The authors tested the applicability of Langer's (1989a) mindfulness theory to Holland's (1997) vocational personalities. Data from 156 Israeli full-time employees were collected. The results link different types of vocational personalities to a mindful mind-set.