Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic dissection of chlorate respiration in Pseudomonas stutzeri PDA reveals syntrophic (per)chlorate reduction.

Genes important for growth of Pseudomonas stutzeri PDA on chlorate were identified using a randomly DNA bar-coded transposon mutant library. During chlorate reduction, mutations in genes encoding the chlorate reductase clrABC, predicted molybdopterin cofactor chaperon clrD, molybdopterin biosynthesis and two genes of unknown function (clrE, clrF) had fitness defects in pooled mutant assays (Bar-seq). Markerless in-frame deletions confirmed that clrA, clrB and clrC were essential for chlorate reduction, while clrD, clrE and clrF had less severe growth defects. Interestingly, the key detoxification gene cld was essential for chlorate reduction in isogenic pure culture experiments, but showed only minor fitness defects in Bar-seq experiments. We hypothesized this was enabled through chlorite dismutation by the community, as most strains in the Bar-seq library contained an intact cld. In support of this, Δcld grew with wild-type PDA or ΔclrA, and purified Cld also restored growth to the Δcld mutant. Expanding on this, wild-type PDA and a Δcld mutant of the perchlorate reducer Azospira suillum PS grew on perchlorate in co-culture, but not individually. These results demonstrate that co-occurrence of cld and a chloroxyanion reductase within a single organism is not necessary and raises the possibility of syntrophic (per)chlorate respiration in the environment.
Treatment of sleep disorders after traumatic brain injury.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Determine whether treatment of sleep disorders identified in brain injured adults would result in resolution of those sleep disorders and improvement of symptoms and daytime function. METHODS Prospective evaluation of unselected traumatic brain injury patients with nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and neuropsychological testing including Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) before and after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), modafinil (200 mg) for narcolepsy and posttraumatic hypersomnia (PTH), or pramipexole (0.375 mg) for periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). SETTING Three academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-seven (57) adults > or = 3 months post traumatic brain injury (TBI). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Abnormal sleep studies were found in 22 subjects (39%), of whom 13 (23%) had OSA, 2 (3%) had PTH, 3 (5%) had narcolepsy, 4 (7%) had PLMS, and 12 had objective excessive daytime sleepiness with MSLT score < 10 minutes. Apneas, hypopneas, and snoring were eliminated by CPAP in OSA subjects, but there was no significant change in MSLT scores. Periodic limb movements were eliminated with pramipexole. One of 3 narcolepsy subjects and 1 of 2 PTH subjects had resolution of hypersomnia with modafinil. There was no significant change in FOSQ, POMS, or PVT results after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of sleep disorders after TBI may result in polysomnographic resolution without change in sleepiness or neuropsychological function.
Mechanisms of Action of Antiarrhythmic Drugs Relative to the Origin and Perpetuation of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Most cardiologists and electrophysiologists will undoubtedly agree that there are two main aspects to the rational approaches for controlling cardiac arrhythmias. Clearly, the first is a clear understanding of the precise mechanisms of the arrhythmia requiring treatment and prevention. The second is the precision with which the treatment modality, especially antiarrhythmic drugs, can be matched with the substrate in which the arrhythmia arises. The success in terminating and preventing such arrhythmias, ventricular or supraventricular, depends critically on the appropriateness of the match between the arrhythmogenic substrate and the pharmacodynamic properties of the antiarrhythmic agent in use. The converse might also occur. For example, it is well known that potent sodium-channel blockers given to patients with severely reduced ventricular function may increase mortality by inducing potentially fatal reactions. In contrast, the match between beta-blockade and arrhythmogenic substrate as for example in the post-infarct patient may result in mortality reduction by reducing sudden cardiac death. The more immediate and definable objective may include the control of arrhythmia symptoms and prolongation of survival, anticipation of side effects, and proarrhythmic reactions. The longer-term objective is to study structure-activity relationships, which may permit the development of newer compounds as the ideal antiarrhythmic drug remains elusive. Many decades ago, such an approach led to the identification of the single dominant action of drugs on certain elec-
Chemical Characterization of Volatile Compounds of Lantana camara L. and L. radula Sw. and Their Antifungal Activity

A comparative study of the chemical composition of essential oils of two very similar species of the Verbenaceae family (Lantana camara and L. radula) revealed that the main components of essential oil of L. camara were germacrene-D (19.8%) and E-caryophyllene (19.7%), while those of L. radula were E-caryophyllene (25.3%), phytol (29.2%) and E-nerolidol (19.0%). We have hypothesized that the observed differences could contribute to the differentiated reaction of the two species of Lantana to the attack of the phytopathogenic fungi Corynespora cassiicola. An experiment, involving C. cassiicola cultivation in culture media containing volatile oils of the two species demonstrated that the oils of L. radula were more fungistatic than the oils of L. camara, in accordance with the in vivo observations. It is likely that E-nerolidol and phytol, only found in the oil of L. radula, play a significant role in the effects of L. radula on C. cassiicola.
FLR1 gene (ORF YBR008c) is required for benomyl and methotrexate resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its benomyl‐induced expression is dependent on Pdr3 transcriptional regulator

In this work we report the disruption of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ORF YBR008c (FLR1 gene) within the context of EUROFAN (EUROpean Functional Analysis Network) six‐pack programme, using a PCR‐mediated gene replacement protocol as well as the results of the basic phenotypic analysis of a deletant strain and the construction of a disruption cassette for inactivation of this gene in any yeast strain. We also show results extending the knowledge of the range of compounds to which FLR1 gene confers resistance to the antimitotic systemic benzimidazole fungicide benomyl and the antitumor agent methotrexate, reinforcing the concept that the FLR1 gene is a multidrug resistance (MDR) determinant. Our conclusions were based on the higher susceptibility to these compounds of flr1Δ compared with wild‐type and on the increased resistance of both flr1Δ and wild‐type strains upon increased expression of FLR1 gene from a centromeric plasmid clone. The present study also provides, for the first time, evidence that the adaptation of yeast cells to growth in the presence of benomyl involves the dramatic activation of FLR1 gene expression during benomyl‐induced latency (up to 400‐fold). Results obtained using a FLR1–lacZ fusion in a plasmid indicate that the activation of FLR1 expression in benomyl‐stressed cells is under the control of the transcriptional regulator Pdr3p. Indeed, PDR3 deletion severely reduces benomyl‐induced activation of FLR1 gene expression (by 85%), while the homologous Pdr1p transcription factor is apparently not involved in this activation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Celiac disease in children with Down syndrome: Importance of follow‐up and serologic screening

Background : Celiac disease, also known as gluten‐sensitive enteropathy, is a chronic inflammation disease of the small intestinal mucosa. Detection of Ig‐A antigliadin antibodies (AGA) and antiendomysial antibodies (EMA) in serum is important in the diagnosis and screening for celiac disease. Antiendomysial antibodies have greater sensitivity compared to antigliadin antibodies. It has been reported that the prevalence of celiac disease is higher in children with Down syndrome than the other autoimmune conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of celiac disease in children with Down syndrome, to assess the availability of Ig‐A AGA and EMA for serologic screening, and to highlight the importance of follow‐up for children with Down syndrome.
Transient blindness following head injury in children.

Abstract Seven patients aged six to 16 years, had transient total blindness following seemingly trivial blunt head trauma. The blindness persisted for a few minutes to three to four hours. With one exception, there were no other ocular abnormalities. Bilateral occipital slowing was noted on the electroencephalogram in the early post-traumatic period. Restlessness and agitation were prominent during the period of blindness, but behavior reverted to normal with the return of vision. Recovery was complete in every case. The type of trauma frequently involving the parieto-occipital regions, the prominence of posterior slowing on the electroencephalogram and the absence of associated ocular abnormalities when the blindness was complete suggest some type of temporary cerebral dysfunction, although the precise mechanism is obscure.
Trisomy 20q13 → 20qter in a girl with multiple congenital malformations and a recombinant chromosome 20 inherited from a paternal inversion (20)(p13q13.1): Clinical report and review of the trisomy 20q phenotype

We report on a patient with a rec(20)dup(20q) chromosome abnormality derived from a paternal chromosome 20 inversion [inv(20)(p13q13.1)]. The rearrangement results in a duplication of 20q13.1 to 20qter and a deletion of 20p13 to 20pter. The patient is a girl with craniofacial features and multiple congenital malformations that overlap with the abnormalities previously described in trisomy 20q syndrome. To our knowledge this is the first report of a patient with rec(20)dup 20q. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Embedded Passive Resonant Sensor Using Frequency Diversity Technology for High-Temperature Wireless Measurement

This paper presents an embedded wireless passive temperature sensor for measurements in high-temperature applications, such as compressors and turbine engines. The performance of the sensor was improved by optimizing its performance parameters. A high-temperature-resistant material was used, and an embedded structure design was introduced to enable the sensor to operate in high-temperature environments. A series LC resonant circuit containing a fixed inductance coil and variable capacitance that varies with temperature was embedded in an alumina ceramic substrate using high-temperature cofired ceramic technology. The temperature in the high-temperature environment was detected wirelessly via the frequency diversity of the sensor. Furthermore, the experimental results showed that the sensor can measure temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1000 °C, and the average sensitivity of the sensor is ~2 KHz/°C.
Osteogenesis at implants without primary bone contact - an experimental study in dogs.

AIM To evaluate the healing at implants with a moderately rough surface placed and stabilized in recipient sites of dimensions deeper and larger than that of the implants to avoid any contact between parent bone and the implant. MATERIAL & METHODS In six Labrador dogs, premolars and first molars were extracted bilaterally in the mandible. After 3 months of healing, mucoperiosteal full-thickness flaps were elevated and the premolar area of the alveolar bony crest was selected. Three recipient sites were prepared to place three implants. One implant was used as control. The other two were placed in recipient sites which left a circumferentially and periapical prepared defect of 0.7 mm (small) and 1.2 mm (large), respectively. All implants were stabilized with passive fixation plates to maintain the implants stable and without any contact with the implant bed. After 3 months of submerged healing, the animals were sacrificed. Ground sections were prepared and analyzed histomorphometrically. RESULTS The BIC% was 5.3% and 0.3% for implants placed in small and large defect sites, respectively, whereas it was 46.1% for control implants. The differences were statistically significant. The width of the residual defects was 0.4 and 0.5 mm at the small and large defects, respectively. An approximately 0.09 mm layer of dense connective tissue (DCT) rich in fibers and fibroblast-like cells was observed adherent to the implant surfaces. The percentage of implant surface covered by DCT was 92.8% and 95.6% at the small and large defects, respectively. CONCLUSION Osseointegration was observed at the test sites, and the dimensions of the defects influenced the outcomes. However, the degree of osseointegration at both small and large defects was very low compared with the control sites.
A General, But Readily Adaptable Model of Information System Risk

The invention relates to an output amplifier for a transmitting tube, having an operating frequency located in the FM- and the VHF- frequency bands. In order to match the output impedance of the preamplifier to the input impedance of the output amplifier the output amplifier includes a broad-band impedance transformer. Mechanical and electrical flexibility is obtained by using an impedance transformer formed from series/parallel arrangements of coaxial cables. The impedance transformer needs little room and nevertheless provides a broadband impedance match.
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) Analysis of Temporally Matched Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Human Clinical Cases, Foods, Ruminant Farms, and Urban and Natural Environments Reveals Source-Associated as Well as Widely Distributed PFGE Types

ABSTRACT A total of 495 temporally and geographically matched Listeria monocytogenes isolates from human clinical cases, foods, ruminant farms, and urban and natural environments were used to investigate L. monocytogenes pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type diversity. Two-enzyme (AscI and ApaI) PFGE discriminated 310 PFGE types and exhibited higher overall discriminatory power (Simpson's index of discrimination [D] = 0.995) than either EcoRI ribotyping (D = 0.950) or AscI or ApaI single-enzyme PFGE (D = 0.992 for both). Seven PFGE types showed significant associations with specific sources, including one and four PFGE types, respectively, associated with human clinical cases and foods. Spatial analysis of 13 PFGE types occurring >5 times showed that two PFGE types were specific to a single processing facility each, where they appear to have persisted over time. Nine PFGE types were geographically widespread and occurred among isolates from multiple sources. For example, a PFGE type that matched isolates from listeriosis outbreaks in Los Angeles and Switzerland occurred among isolates from farms (n = 7), human clinical cases (n = 4), environmental sources (n = 3), and foods (n = 1). Our data indicate that (i) PFGE is highly discriminatory for the subtyping of L. monocytogenes, (ii) some L. monocytogenes PFGE types are associated with specific sources, and (iii) some L. monocytogenes PFGE types are widely distributed and appear to be stable and pandemic. Large PFGE type databases representing isolates from different sources are thus needed to appropriately interpret subtype data in epidemiological investigations and to identify common as well as source-specific PFGE types.
Long‐latency stretch reflexes as co‐ordinated functional responses in man.

1. Reflex activity in human arm muscles has been measured in response to torque perturbations around the elbow joint in the flexion‐extension direction and/or the supination‐pronation direction. Intramuscular fine‐wire electrodes were used to record electromyographic (EMG) activity in the muscles. A pre‐load was applied in the same direction as or in a different direction to the perturbation. The subjects were instructed to ‘hold on’, which means that they had to actively resist the perturbation without unduly co‐activating their muscles. 2. The EMG activity showed segmented reflex responses with short‐latency (25‐50 ms) and long‐latency (50‐75 ms) components, followed by other bursts of activity which probably originated from the subject's voluntary or triggered reactions. 3. Motor units in m. triceps gave short‐latency and long‐latency responses to imposed elbow extension but only long‐latency responses were seen to imposed pronation, which does not stretch m. triceps. Motor units in m. brachialis gave short‐latency and long‐latency excitatory (inhibitory) responses to imposed extension (flexion) torques. However, only long‐latency inhibitory responses were observed to imposed pronation torques. Motor units in m. biceps gave short‐latency and long‐latency excitatory responses to imposed pronation torques. 4. These results show that the long‐latency reflex cannot be the result of a simple feed‐back mechanism that controls muscle length only. We argue that the long‐latency reflex activity reflects the co‐ordinated activation of muscles which is necessary for an adequate response. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the distribution of long‐latency reflex activity over muscles was found to be similar to the distribution of activation found during a voluntary exerted torque in the direction opposite to the applied perturbation.
Hallucinations, sleep fragmentation, and altered dream phenomena in Parkinson's disease

In a series of consecutively randomized outpatients who had Parkinson's disease (PD), we examined the association of three behaviors: sleep fragmentation, altered dream phenomena, and hallucinations/illusions. Using a log‐linear model methodology, we tested the independence of each behavior. Sixty‐two percent of the subjects had sleep fragmentation, 48% had altered dream phenomena, and 26% had hallucinations/illusions. Eighty‐two percent of the patients with hallucinations/illusions experienced some form of sleep disorder. The three phenomena were not independent. The interaction between sleep fragmentation and altered dream phenomena was strongly statistically significant. Likewise, a significant interaction existed between altered dream phenomena and hallucinations/illusions. No interaction occurred between sleep fragmentation and hallucinations/illusions. Sleep fragmentation, altered dream phenomena, and hallucinations/illusions in PD should be considered distinct but often overlapping behaviors. The close association between altered dream phenomena and hallucinations suggests that therapeutic interventions aimed at diminishing dream‐related activities may have a specific positive impact on hallucinatory behavior.
55 GHz Bandwidth Distributed Reflector Laser

We have demonstrated a 1300-nm short-cavity distributed reflector (DR) laser having 55 GHz bandwidth (BW), and successful 112-Gb/s transmission using four-level pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM-4), without any pre-equalization for the transmitter. Two effects were realized in the design and operation of the DR laser: photon–photon ( P–P) resonance and detuned-loading. The P–P resonance effect was realized between the DFB and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) modes that coexisted in the cavity of the DR laser. The detuned-loading effect was used to effectively enhance the differential gain through the dynamic change in the mirror reflectivity that occurs on the flank of the DBR mirror due to the frequency chirp under modulation. Despite a limited RC cutoff frequency of 22 GHz, a wide modulation BW of 55 GHz was achieved. It is shown that the RC limitation was counteracted by the combined effects of the detuned-loading, which reduces the damping of relaxation oscillations, and an in-cavity FM–AM conversion effect that created a high-pass filter effect in the modulation response. This will be discussed by way of simulations and experimentally observed eye diagrams for 10 Gb/s NRZ and 28 Gbd PAM-4. The short-cavity DR laser achieved 112-Gb/s PAM-4 transmission over links having a range of dispersions from –28 to +7 ps/nm without precompensation on the transmitter.
Adaptive HAAR-Like MCTF Based Wavelet Video Coding Scheme

In conventional motion compensated temporal filtering based wavelet coding scheme, where the group of picture size and low-pass frames position are fixed, motion activities in video sequences are not considered. In this paper, we propose a Haar-like motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) based wavelet video coding scheme, which can adoptively select the group of picture size and low-pass frames based on mutual information of the video sequences and the types of motion activities. We compare the PSNR performance of proposed method with the conventional motion compensated temporal filtering encoding scheme by carrying out a large amount of experimental work. When the video sequence has high motion activity, the proposed low-pass frame selection has a better performance than that of the conventional scheme, and can improve the compression quality by about 0.3-0.5 db. The proposed adaptive approach for selecting the group of picture size is more suitable for situations with un-even variation of motion activities, e.g. with frequent shot cuts, and when the decoder only decodes frames at the low temporal level.
Pathomorphological changes after radiofrequency ablation in the liver

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become a widespread treatment option for liver carcinoma. There is limited knowledge regarding the macroscopic and histomorphological changes of induced lesions. Twelve domestic pigs underwent RFA using a Starburst XL device with ablation diameter of 3 cm. One animal died within 24 h, two animals were killed after 2 weeks, and nine after 4 weeks. Their livers were used for macroscopic and histological investigation. Six human liver resection specimens after previous treatment with RFA were also investigated. In pig samples, acute RFA change showed a necrosis zone demarcated by resorption zone with granulocytes and hyperemia. In subchronic and chronic RFA change, the zone of thermofixation was followed by a fibrous capsule and a liver reaction zone. Small blood vessels in the lesions showed damage involving endothelial destruction and thrombosis. Larger vessels within the lesions were observed with intact vessel walls, surrounded by a rim of vital hepatocytes. In the human samples, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes were reduced (CD3+ cells: 8.4 ± 3.7/10 high‐power fields (HPF); CD4+ cells: 4.2 ± 1.9/10 HPF), whereas the number of histiocytes was found to be increased (CD68+ cells: 15.5 ± 9.02/10 HPF). The recognition of thermofixation and the process of resorption of the RFA lesion is important for the interpretation of biopsies and surgical resection specimens.
Characteristics of GaAs spike doped collectors

Spike-doped collector designs have recently been studied in both Si BJT and GaAs HBTs as a way to improve the device linearity while still maintaining ruggedness. In this work, we present and discuss - for the first time - the very interesting output characteristics of these devices (unique Ic-Vce curves) and how they are influenced by the device design. We also explore the improvement in cut-off frequency versus current and application of these devices to actual power amplifiers and the resulting changes in ruggedness.