Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time, Perspectives, Verbs, and Imagining Events

Representations of imagined events differ in content according to factors such as perceived importance, duration, sensory experience, and vividness. Imagined events also differ in the manner in which temporal information is represented. For example, varying representations of duration are associated with specific events and particular temporal event segments (beginning, middle, end) may be more or less salient for different events (Madden & Ferretti, 2009). Several linguistic properties can guide the temporal layout of situation models. For example, tense defines an event’s date of occurrence as being in the past, present, or future relative to time of speaking. Furthermore, alterations to the narrative timeline force the updating of situation models, creating more cognitive difficulty (Anderson, 1983; Ditman & Kuperberg, 2008; Dwivedi, Phillips, Lague-Beauvais, & Baum, 2006; Zwaan, 1996). Grammatical aspect (GA) is morphosyntactic information that references the temporal development of events as being either ongoing or completed (Comrie, 1976; Dowty, 1979). The current study is concerned with the imperfective (ongoing; I was running) and perfective (completed; I ran) forms of GA. Previous psycholinguistic research has shown that GA influences the mental representation of events (Becker, Ferretti, & Madden-Lombardi, 2013; Carreiras Carriedo, Alonso, & Fernandez, 1997; Ferretti, Kutas, & McRae, 2007; Ferretti, Rohde, Kehler, & Crutchley, 2009; Magliano & Schleich, 2000). For example, Madden and Zwaan (2003) found that participants were faster to respond to perfective sentences paired with pictures of completed events than perfective sentences paired with pictures of ongoing events. Conversely, no difference was found for the imperfective sentences, regardless of image provided. Ferretti et al. (2007) has also examined the role of GA in activating event knowledge. Participants in this experiment read sentences describing actions occurring in locations where they would be commonly expected to occur (high-expectancy condition, e.g., The diver was snorkelling in the ocean) or would not be commonly expected to occur (low-expectancy condition, e.g., The diver was snorkelling in the pond). Sentences in this experiment were phrased either in the imperfective or in the perfect aspect. EEG was used to record electrophysiological responses as participants read sentences. Differences in two ERP components were expected and analyzed: The N400 and Slow Cortical Potentials (SCPs). The N400 is a negative amplitude that peaks 300-500 ms following stimulus onset. In language processing, the N400 is often used as an index of semantic expectancy (Kutas & Hillyard, 1980). As such, Ferretti et al. (2007) analyzed N400 amplitudes as an index of the expectancy for various locations during sentence processing. The researchers also analyzed SCP amplitudes as an index of cognitive load associated with the processing and integration of locative prepositional phrases in sentences. Following the reading of sentences in the imperfective, but not in the perfect
Coherent vortex structures in quantum turbulence

Quantum turbulence, easily generated in superfluid helium, consists of a disordered tangle of thin, discrete vortex lines of quantised circulation which move in a fluid without viscosity. In this report we show that, in very intense quantum turbulence, the vortex tangle contains small coherent vortical structures (bundles of quantised vortices) which arise from the fundamental Biot-Savart interaction between vortices, and which are similar to the intermittent, coherent structures (“worms”) observed in ordinary viscous turbulence. Our result highlights the similarity between quantum turbulence and ordinary turbulence, and sheds new light into the origin of the “worms” in ordinary turbulence.
Implementing rubrics to assess writing skills in an Adults Advanced EFL (English as a Foreign Language) Class at ICDA (Instituto Cultural Domínico Americano)

Oftentimes, when assessing adult student's writing skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) environment, teachers and students alike might find themselves at an impasse regarding the grade given in a composition. With this in mind, we have upgraded one of most used assessment tools: rubrics. This project proposal describes the path that we have taken to design an innovative rubric that aims to improve the assessment of writing by both teachers and students alike. Outcomes of this project include increase of students’ self-awareness and independence, and the acceptance of an upgraded assessment tool. In our upgraded rubric the proficiency categories are based on a gradient of colors for each of the relevant aspects of writing rather than on numbers (one through four), literals (A through D), among other types of proficiency indicators, with the aim of making written compositions a useful learning experience, and avoid the conflict of subjective grade.
Constraints on the identity of the dark matter from strong gravitational lenses

The cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological model unambiguously predicts that a large number of haloes should survive as subhaloes when they are accreted into a larger halo. The CDM model would be ruled out if such substructures were shown not to exist. By contrast, if the dark matter consists of warm particles (WDM), then below a threshold mass that depends on the particle mass far fewer substructures would be present. Finding subhaloes below a certain mass would then rule out warm particle masses below some value. Strong gravitational lensing provides a clean method to measure the subhalo mass function through distortions in the structure of Einstein rings and giant arcs.Using mock lensing observations constructed from high-resolution N-body simulations, we show that measurements of approximately 100 strong lens systems with a detection limit of 10^7h−1M⊙ would clearly distinguish CDM from WDM in the case where this consists of 7 keV sterile neutrinos such as those that might be responsible for the 3.5 keV X-ray emission line recently detected in galaxies and clusters.
Diversity and community structure of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) associated with semi-urban fragmented agricultural land in the Malabar coast in southern India

An evaluation of the diversity and community structure of dung beetles associated with semiurban agricultural land in the Malabar coast of southern India revealed that urbanization has led to decreased diversity compared to regional forests, and has affected the community status of dung beetles. However, contrary to expectations, species richness was observed to be equivalent to rural agricultural fields in the region. Low abundance of prominent agricultural habitat species indicates that the study area has changed as a result of habitat modification/urbanization, and the prevailing conditions are not ideal for the establishment of the most common species in agriculture belts. Prominence of two less common species, Tiniocellus spinipes and Caccobius vulcanus, indicates these generalist urban adaptable (synanthropic) species have become increasingly widespread and locally abundant. The low abundance of tunnelers and rollers is attributed to fragmentation of the urban agricultural belt, low mammalian diversity and dung availability, and the hard nature of the laterite soil in the Malabar coast region.
The Learning Styles and Personality Traits of Undergraduates: A Case at a State University in Istanbul

Abstract This paper investigated dominant learning styles and personality traits, and their relationships among 224 undergraduates. It employed a quantitative research approach with a descriptive statistical method. Three instruments in the form of questionnaires were used to collect data: A demographic data form; a learning style inventory (Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory); and a personality trait inventory (The Big Five Inventory). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 17.0) was used for statistical analysis. Results indicated that the most frequently occurring learning style was ‘assimilator’, and there was no significant relationship between the various learning styles and gender, department, or Grade Point Average (GPA). Further findings indicated that the most frequently occurring personality trait was ‘agreeableness’, and there was no significant relationship between their personality traits and gender, department, or GPA. Finally, there was no significant relationship between the students’ learning styles and their personality traits.
The Sensitivity of Main-Reflector-Distortion Compensation to Deformable-Mirror Position

The efiect of deformable-mirror position on main-re∞ector-distortion compensation is considered through a case study. The case of a dual-shaped re∞ector antenna and magnifying ellipse followed by a deformable mirror and feed is considered. The efiect of feed gain on the compensation is also studied. It is found that the optimum position for the deformable mirror in the beam path computed using physical optics is in excellent agreement with that predicted using simple optical models for the system and the lens law. The sensitivity of the available compensation is a function of the magnitude of the main-re∞ector distortion, with the location of the deformable mirror becoming more critical for larger main-re∞ector distortions. Increases in feed gain on the order of 3 dB from the optimum are found to have only a small impact on the efiectiveness of the compensation.
Quality of Work Life among Generation Y and Generation Z employees in Private Sector Organizations

Purpose The study aims at finding out the overall Quality of work life of Generation Y and Generation Z employees in Private Sector Organizations in India. The study further investigates the relationship between Job Satisfaction and Quality of work life. The study also checks whether there is any relationship between demographic variables viz. experience, gender and Quality of work life. Design/methodology/approach Sixty Generation Y and Generation Z employees from various private sector organizations participated in this study. To analyze the data, One Way ANOVA, One Sample T Test, Chi Square test, Cramer’s V, Pearson Correlation Test and Spearman’s Correlation were used. Findings The result of the study revealed that there is a high Quality of work life for the employees of Private sector organizations in India. More importantly, the findings revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between Quality of work life and Job satisfaction. Further it was proved that there is a relationship between Quality of work life and Experience as well as gender. Research Implications Managers need to understand that quality of work life can improve job satisfaction among employees so that they can take measures to improve quality of work life. It is essential to identify HR practices like Quality of work life that are crucial to success of an organization. Originality/value Despite the academic interest in Quality of work life there is a dearth of research work in Quality of work life particularly in private sector organizations in India.
Age, Period and Cohort Effects in the Decline of Party Identification in Germany: An Analysis of a Two Decade Panel Study in Germany (1992–2009)

Party identification traditionally is seen as an important linkage mechanism, connecting voters to the party system. Previous analyses have suggested that the level of party identity is in decline in Germany, and this article first expands previous observations with more recent data. These suggest that the erosion of party identity continues up to the present time. An age–period–cohort analysis of the panel data of the SOEP panel suggests that period effects are significantly negative. Furthermore, it can be observed that throughout the 1992–2009 observation period, education level and political interest have become more important determinants of party identity. Contrary to some of the literature, therefore, it can be shown that the loss of party identity is concentrated among groups with lower levels of political sophistication, indicating that the socio-economic profile of the group with a sense of party identification has become more distinct compared to the population as a whole. In the discussion, we investigate the theoretical and democratic consequences of this trend.
The dynamic process of economic takeoff and industrial transformation

This paper studies the patterns and key determinants of staged economic development. We construct a two-sector dynamic general equilibrium model populated with one-period lived non-overlapping generations, featuring endogenous enhancement in modern technology and endogenous accumulation of labor skills and capital funds. We consider preference biases toward the traditional sector of necessities, capital barriers to the modern sector, and imperfect substitution between skilled and unskilled workers. By calibrating the model to fit historic U.S. development, we find that modern technologies, saving incentives and capital scales/barriers are the most important determinants of the takeoff time. By evaluating the process of economic development, we identify that what shapes saving incentives is most crucial for the speed of modernization after taking off. We further establish that labor, capital and output are most responsive to the initial state of modern technologies, but least responsive to skill endowments, along the dynamic transition path.
Measuring the impact of marketing instruments and relationship characteristics on customer switching costs

Understanding switching costs at the individual level has become an important issue for marketing strategy. Although recent research has provided some evidence of the presence of switching costs in a wide variety of service industries, a market or a firm level approach has been taken. In addition, most studies take a static perspective and assume switching cost homogeneity across customers or even firms. This study provides a technique to measure switching costs at the customer level using longitudinal information in the mobile phone industry. A hierarchical Bayes model is used to estimate the magnitude of switching costs while accounting for customer heterogeneity, and a conceptual framework is proposed to study the impact of marketing instruments and relationship characteristics on heterogeneous customer switching costs. The results show that switching service providers significantly reduces customer utility and that switching costs are highly heterogeneous across customers. Both marketing instruments and relationship characteristics contribute to explaining the systematic differences found in switching costs across customers. Implications for decision makers are discussed.
Adoption of Supply Chain Management Practices: Review of Determining Factors

Different companies may adopt different supply chain management practices to enable them achieve the objectives if their supply chain. This becomes necessary due to the fact that the modern business environment puts managers in demanding situations where they have to balance between the demands of consumers and the company’s desire for growth and enhanced profitability. Most of the managers have therefore realized that for them to efficiently and effectively manage such a situation, they must focus on supply chain management from a strategic perspective. This article focuses on a review of the factors that determine the supply chain management practices that are adopted by organizations. It is clear that there are several determinants of the supply chain management practices that organizations adopt. They include: the size of the firm, its position in the supply chain, capital, government policy, the industry the firm operates in and the structure of the organization among others. Keywords: Determinants, Supply Chain Management
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Danish Soldiers 2.5 Years after Military Deployment in Afghanistan: The Role of Personality Traits as Predisposing Risk Factors

Understanding the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) implicates research regarding factors besides the preceding traumatic event. This study investigated the influence of predisposing personality traits on development of PTSD in a group of Danish Soldiers deployed to Afghanistan (N = 445). Using a prospective design data was collected using questionnaires including the NEO Five Factor Inventory and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. The results showed a PTSD-prevalence of 9.2% in the total sample 2.5 years after homecoming. Using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearmani's rho significant relationships were identified between pre-existing personality traits of neuroticism and agreeableness with development of PTSD symptoms 2.5 years after homecoming, however, a number of additional cofounders were identified.
Gender context effects on homophone words

We examined whether a context marked for grammatical gender can constrain the processing of homophone words in French. Homophones whose different meanings are associated with words of different genders (e.g., /sεl/, meaning salt masculine or saddle feminine) were used in two cross- modal semantic priming experiments. In the first experiment, in which homophones were presented in isolation, facilitation was found for targets related to both the masculine (e.g., “poivre”, pepper) and the feminine (e.g., "cheval", horse) meanings of the homophones. In the second experiment, in which homophones were presented with a gender-marked definite article (e.g., /lasεl/, the saddle), facilitation was found for targets related to the meaning matching the gender information given by the article (e.g., “cheval”). No facilitation was found for targets related to the meaning mismatching the gender information (e.g., “poivre”). These findings are discussed in relation to the locus of the gender-context effect and the representation of homophone words.
Exploring Malaysian Corporate Leaders' Views of and Effective Board

The board of directors is acknowledged as one of the most important internal corporate governance structure. This paper reports an exploratory and qualitative study of the characteristics of an effective board by the Malaysian corporate leaders. The results are derived from semi structured interviews with 41 directors of top 100 Malaysian Public Listed Companies (PLCs). Four characteristics of an effective board perceived to be important discovered in this study include the board that has; (1) the right memberships, (2) the right culture; (3) clear roles and responsibilities; and (4) the right structures. This paper concludes that although the majority of the existing board effectiveness research has focused on board composition and structure, the behavioural aspect of the board in particular, the membership and culture of the board, are the most important components of an effective board. This has implications for those seeking to expand further research in corporate governance area. Finally, this paper provides a basis for characteristics of an effective board that can be applied by the Malaysian corporate governance regulators and policy-makers in enhancing Malaysian corporate governance policies
Large-eddy simulation sensitivities to variations of configuration and forcing parameters in canonical boundary-layer flows for wind energy applications

Abstract. The sensitivities of idealized large-eddy simulations (LESs) to variations of model configuration and forcing parameters on quantities of interest to wind power applications are examined. Simulated wind speed, turbulent fluxes, spectra and cospectra are assessed in relation to variations in two physical factors, geostrophic wind speed and surface roughness length, and several model configuration choices, including mesh size and grid aspect ratio, turbulence model, and numerical discretization schemes, in three different code bases. Two case studies representing nearly steady neutral and convective atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow conditions over nearly flat and homogeneous terrain were used to force and assess idealized LESs, using periodic lateral boundary conditions. Comparison with fast-response velocity measurements at 10 heights within the lowest 100 m indicates that most model configurations performed similarly overall, with differences between observed and predicted wind speed generally smaller than measurement variability. Simulations of convective conditions produced turbulence quantities and spectra that matched the observations well, while those of neutral simulations produced good predictions of stress, but smaller than observed magnitudes of turbulence kinetic energy, likely due to tower wakes influencing the measurements. While sensitivities to model configuration choices and variability in forcing can be considerable, idealized LESs are shown to reliably reproduce quantities of interest to wind energy applications within the lower ABL during quasi-ideal, nearly steady neutral and convective conditions over nearly flat and homogeneous terrain.
Fear of terror and increased job burnout over time: Examining the mediating role of insomnia and the moderating role of work support

Summary While the prevalence of terrorism has increased substantially, there is a paucity of research on the effects of terrorism on employee behavior at work. Building on conservation of resources (COR) theory, and its extension, the conservation of social resources theory, we close gaps in the literature by investigating the effect of fear of terror on increased job burnout over time, the mediating effect of insomnia, and the moderating effect of supervisor and co-worker support on these relationships. This longitudinal study followed a large sample of Israeli employees (n = 670) across three time measurements over 7 years, in a time period characterized by a high number of terror attacks. The results showed fear of terror to be related to elevated job burnout over time, even during a period in which terror attacks were reduced substantially. Further, insomnia mediated the relationship between fear of terror and increased burnout, while co-worker support, but not supervisor support, moderated the relationships between fear of terror and increased insomnia and between increased insomnia and increased burnout. The results further support the notion of loss cycles in COR theory, as well as the importance of social resources, which are the cornerstones of conservation of social resources theory. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observing the scattering phase shift of isolated Kondo impurities at surfaces

The spin-flip scattering at Co adatoms on Ag(111) leads to the formation of a Kondo resonance. We determined the energy-dependent scattering phase shift of electrons scattering off single magnetic adatoms. A scanning tunneling microscope operating at 6 K was used to determine the amplitude of the Friedel oscillations created in the local density of states of the Ag( 111) surface state electrons by the Co adatoms. We find that the standing-wave pattern around Co adsorbates exhibits a minimum in amplitude near E F of width 2k B T K , where T K = 92 K is the Kondo temperature of the system. The wave pattern amplitude as a function of energy can be explained by assuming an energy-dependent phase shift for the scattering process.
New results on the degree of ill-posedness for integration operators with weights

We extend our results on the degree of ill-posedness for linear integration operators A with weights mapping in the Hilbert space L 2 (0, 1), which were published in the journal ‘Inverse Problems’ in 2005 ([5]). Now we can prove that the degree one also holds for a family of exponential weight functions. In this context, we emphasize that for integration operators with outer weights the use of the operator AA ∗ is more appropriate for the analysis of eigenvalue problems and the corresponding asymptotics of singular values than the former use of A ∗ A.