Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alliance with patient and collaboration with parents throughout the psychotherapeutic process with children and adolescents: a pilot study

Methods The sample consisted of 84 males and 37 females ranging 6-18 years of age. They were split into two categories on the basis of age: ≤ 11 years and > 11 years. Patient alliance and Collaboration with parents were considered and evaluated in the diagnostic process, using the WAI (Working Alliance Inventory). Data about patients’ therapeutic compliance and clinical outcome were collected during a follow-up visit six months later. Results “Therapeutic compliance” appears to be a crucial variable in influencing the outcome of psychotherapy. In groups of different ages “collaboration with parents” and “patients’ alliance”, respectively, influence compliance.
Major and trace element composition of the high 3He/4He mantle: Implications for the composition of a nonchonditic Earth

The bulk composition of the silicate portion of the Earth (BSE) has long been assumed to be tied to chondrites, in which refractory, lithophile elements like Sm and Nd exist in chondritic relative abundances. However, the 142Nd/144Nd ratios of modern terrestrial samples are 18 ± 5 ppm higher than the ordinary‐chondrite reservoir, and this challenges the traditional BSE model. Here we investigate a hypothesis that this terrestrial 142Nd excess is related to a Sm/Nd ratio 6% higher than chondritic. This Sm/Nd ratio yields a superchondritic 143Nd/144Nd (∼0.5130) similar to that identified in the highest 3He/4He mantle reservoir, and we argue that this reservoir represents the BSE composition for lithophile elements. We develop a compositional model for BSE in which the elevated Sm/Nd requires a shift of 143Nd/144Nd from 0.51263 (chondritic) to 0.51300. The new BSE composition is depleted in highly incompatible elements, including K, relative to the chondrite‐based BSE, and offers a solution the “missing” 40Ar paradox. This BSE compositional model requires that >83% of the mantle is depleted to form continental crust. It also implies a ∼30% reduction in BSE U, Th and K, and therefore in the current rate of radiogenic heating and, thus, a proportional increase in the heat flow delivered to surface by plate tectonics. We explore thermal history models including effects related to a newly recognized evolution in the style of plate tectonics over Earth history: The lower radiogenic heat production may delay the onset of core convection and dynamo action to as late as 3.5 Gyr.
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Fingerprint Combined with Chemometrics for Identification of Metabolites Content and Biological Activities of Curcuma aeruginosa

Curcuma aeruginosa is known as one of the components of herbal medicine with various biological activities. This research aims to identify the metabolites content of C. aeruginosa related to their biological activities using LC-MS fingerprint combined with chemometrics. C. aeruginosa from 3 areas in Java were collected and macerated with ethanol and then analyzed with LC-MS. Along with this analysis, the antioxidant activity of all samples was determined using CUPRAC method, and the toxicity was determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and chemometric method was used Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least square (PLS). Metabolites profiles showed 175 predicted compounds, in which the dominant compounds are from the sesquiterpene of Curcuma genus. The PCA metabolites profiles can separate the samples by their location of origin. Interpretation of the correlation between metabolites profiles and their bioactivities was determined using PLS technique. The results showed that the toxicity of samples was exerted by compounds with ion mass of 312.28 and 248.15, which have the highest antioxidant and toxicity potentials. Compounds with ion mass of 248.15 were predicted to be 9-Oxo-neoprocurcumenol, 7α,11α,-Epoxy-5β-hydroxy-9-guaiaen-8-one, Curcumenolactone A, or Curcumenolactone B. While compound with ion mass of 312.28 was predicted to tetrahydro-bisdemethoxycurcumin.
Variation of PEFR with height, weight and waist-hip ratio in medical students

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of our study was to assess the variation of PEFR with various medical students of Karachi, Pakistan DESIGN: Cross-sectional study Setting: Medical students of Karachi Medical and Dental College Participants: 276 non-smoker healthy medical students composed of 168 females and 108 males. VARIABLE PARAMETERS: They include mean age, body height and body weight and PEFR. They were marked separately for each gender RESULTS: The mean waist hip ratio in females was observed to be 0.843±0.111in relation with that of mean PEFR value 452.97±65.84 L/min, whereas in males the mean waist hip ratio was 0.864±0.028 in relation with that of mean PEFR value 445.93±66.49 L/min. Also there is a statistically significant variation in PEFR with an increase in waist hip ratio . The mean height of males was 173.63 ±7.5 cm and weight was 61.81 ±11.25 Kg while mean height of females was 158.56±7.3 cm and weight was 49.33±9.04 Kg. PEFR is positively correlated with increase in height and weight up to a certain limit. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that PEFR is affected positively by variation in waist hip ratio; moreover young females have more waist hip ratio and PEFR values than their young male counterparts. A large sample size with accurate peak flow meter is required along with ethnic consideration of the study population for better, accurate and clear results.
Nesting Success and Juvenile Survival for Wood Thrushes in an Eastern Iowa Forest Fragment

Forests in NE Iowa are highly fragmented, which may affect sustainability and dynamics of bird populations. We studied Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) nesting success at the Mines of Spain Recreation Area near Dubuque, IA during 2001. We also monitored movements of juveniles using radio transmitters during the birds’ initial dispersal from the nest site, and we used DNA analyses to determine their gender. Seventy percent of the nests (n=10) were parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). The daily nest success rate was 0.9612 (SE=0.0189), and daily juvenile survival was 0.9703 (SE=0.0169). Three juveniles dispersed 270 m (female), 746 m (male), and 980 m (male). Females in our simulation model built 2.90 nests per year (SD = 1.02), and 0.63 fledglings per female were alive at the end of the breeding season. We used a simulation model to predict annual population growth for this small breeding population as 0.546 (95% CI = +/-0.025). During 2001, this population can certainly be classified as a “sink,” which reinforces the need for more information on regional juvenile and adult movements. INTRODUCTION The dynamics of small populations can be critical to their temporal sustainability. The small forest fragments remaining in many Iowa landscapes have proportionally more “edge”; similar habitat effects have caused lower reproductive success for Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) in other regions (Fauth 2000; Weinberg and Roth 1998). Edge-specific predators (e.g., raccoons [Procyon lotor]) and brood parasites such as Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) often cause increased nest failure for songbirds in fragmented habitats (Donovan et al. 1995; Robinson et al. 1995). Juvenile dispersal, the distance traveled from the nest site during the first few weeks after fledging, is poorly understood, although recent data have emphasized its importance to managing habitats for bird species (Ferriere et al. 2000). Dispersal of excess juveniles from growing, or “source,” populations can be critical for the support of declining, or “sink,” populations (Pulliam 1988). However, high dispersal of juveniles may result in local population declines (Roth and Johnson 1993). Therefore, determining juvenile dispersal patterns appears to be a high priority when assessing the demographic viability of critical species. Fragmented landscapes offer a different array of choices for juvenile birds than large, contiguous forests. Nest success, fledgling survival, and juvenile dispersal patterns are apt to reflect those differences, and population dynamics should be directly affected. To our knowledge, there are no published studies that simultaneously estimate nest success, daily fledgling survival, and fledgling dispersal for songbirds in fragmented habitats. Dispersal dynamics could be especially important to local population dynamics in fragmented habitats. Plissner and Gowaty (1996) found that juvenile female Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis, another member of Muscicapidae) dispersed greater distances than males.
Phylogenetic Divergence in a Desert Fish: Differentiation of Speckled Dace within the Bonneville, Lahontan, and Upper Snake River Basins

ABSTRACT. Historical events have had a great impact on the biogeography of fishes of western North America. We examined the genetic variation of the speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus) to determine the effects on this species of extensive hydrological changes during the last 10 million years in the Bonneville and Lahontan basins of the Great Basin and the upper Snake River Basin. Eight hundred sixty-nine base pairs of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b were sequenced from 97 individuals representing 22 populations within these 3 basins, as well as from 2 individuals of longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) that served as outgroups. Additionally, 13 speckled dace sequences representing 3 Bonneville populations were used from GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood criteria. Analysis of molecular variance was used to determine population structure and to estimate the amount of gene flow across the community boundaries. Three distinct clades were reconstructed representing the Lahontan Basin, the northern Bonneville and upper Snake River basins, and the southern Bonneville Basin. Additionally, most of the population structuring was explained by variation among basins (65.33%) Speckled dace demonstrated high genetic variation. As hypothesized, the northern and southern Bonneville specimens formed separate clades; however, the southern Bonneville clade was basal to a sister clade formed by the northern Bonneville/upper Snake River and Lahontan clades. These relationships indicate that Pliocene connections between the Snake, Lahontan, and Bonneville drainages, rather than more recent Pleistocene connections, best explain population structuring in speckled dace.
Rutin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophage Cells

Rutin is the major polyphenol found in buckwheat and can downregulate inflammatory responses in macrophages. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric synthase (iNOS) is closely correlated with inflammation and the pathology of a variety of diseases. It has been reported that rutin inhibited various pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokine signaling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and suppressed the production of NO and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and iNOS protein in LPS-stimulated macrophages. These results suggest that rutin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Therefore, rutin can be considered as a functional food for the prevention of various diseases.
The Germination of Perennial Wall Rocket (Diplotaxis Tenuifolia (L.) DC.) and Annual Garden Rocket (Eruca Sativa Mill.) Under Controlled Temperatures

Abstract The germination characteristics of three cultivars of perennial wall rocket and annual garden rocket were assessed at constant and diurnal temperatures for ten days. The seeds were exposed to constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C or diurnal temperatures of 24/10, 28/16 and 18/5°C, with a 12/12 h exposure of each regime. The diurnal temperatures were chosen to reflect the minimum and maximum ambient temperatures experienced in Ellis Lane, Australia; during the spring, summer and winter. The total germination percentage (TGP) of perennial wall rocket was the highest at 20 to 30°C, whereas the highest TGP occurred at 10 to 30°C for annual garden rocket. The daily germination speed (DGS) and germination value (GV) are two useful formulas used to express the germination characteristics of seeds that under certain conditions do not achieve ≥50% germination. For both species, there was a significant interaction between the cultivar and temperature for the DGS and GV at both constant and diurnal temperatures; illustrating that the commercial cultivars of these species germinate at different rates in response to different ambient temperatures. This has important implications for the commercial production of these species, as cultivars with high germination rates need to be chosen for different seasonal conditions. At diurnal temperatures, there was an interaction between the cultivar and temperature for perennial wall rocket, with the cvs. DT1 and DT2 having similar TGPs across all of the temperature regimes, whereas the cv. DT3 had lower TGPs across all of the regimes. There was no interaction between the cultivar and diurnal temperature for annual garden rocket; however, temperature did influence the TGP, with higher values at 24/10 and 18/5°C. The germination of the smaller seeds from the perennial species was found to be more dependent on temperature than the larger seeds from the annual species. This is likely due to differences in stored reserves and the influence of secondary dormancy in the respective species.
Colorfastness for fungus / mordant combinations . ( Velmurugan et al . , 2010 ) Fungus / Mordant Wash Perspiration Monascus purpureus / Alum Good Moderate to Very Good Isaria farinosa

In this study, pigments from three species of pigmenting fungi, Chlorociboria aeruginosa (xylindein, green), Scytalidium cuboideum (draconin red, red), and Scytalidium ganodermophthorum (yellow), were used to dye multi-fabric test strips. Tests for color stability and tests for colorfastness to washing with and without bleach, and to perspiration, were conducted. Color readings were taken using a colorimeter, and color differences were statistically determined based on overall color change as calculated using the CIE L*a*b* color space. The results indicated that all three pigments were stable over time, indicating that these pigments can be used for fabric dyeing, eliminating the need for additional chemicals or heat as is required for traditional fabric dyes. Xylindein and draconin red exhibited good colorfastness to washing, and xylindein good colorfastness to perspiration. These results indicate that xylindein shows good potential as a dye for garment fabrics, and draconin red shows good potential as a dye for secondlayer garment fabrics.
Modelling tree crown-to-bole diameter ratio for Norway spruce and European beech

Crown dimensions are correlated to growth of other parts of a tree and often used as predictors in growth models. The crown-to-bole diameter ratio (CDBDR), which is a ratio of maximum crown width to diameter at breast height (DBH), was modelled using data from permanent sample plots located on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in different parts of the Czech Republic. Among various tree and stand-level measures evaluated, DBH, height to crown base (HCB), dominant height (HDOM), basal area of trees larger in diameter than a subject tree (BAL), basal area proportion of the species of interest (BAPOR), and Hegyi’s competition index (CI) were found to be significant predictors in the CDBDR model. Random effects were included using the mixed-effects modelling to describe sample plot-level variation. For each species, the mixed-effects model described a larger part of the variation of the CDBDR than nonlinear ordinary least squares model with no trend in the residuals. The spatially explicit mixed-effects model showed more attractive fit statistics [conditional R2 ≈ 0.73 (spruce), 0.78 (beech)] than its spatially inexplicit counterpart [conditional R2 ≈ 0.71 (spruce), 0.76 (beech)]. The model showed that CDBDR increased with increasing HDOM – a measure that combines the stand development stage and site quality – but decreased with increasing HCB and competition (increasing BAL and CI), and decreasing proportions of the species of interest (increasing BAPOR). For both species, the spatially explicit mixed-effects model should be a preferred choice for a precise prediction of the CDBDR. The CDBDR model will have various management implications such as determination of spacing, stand basal area, stocking, and planning of appropriate species mixture.
Toxicity studies of agarwood essential oil in vero cells using electrical impedance sensor

Natural products have traditionally been used for medicinal purposes in Asian communities. Toxicity studies typically use animal testing to predict the harmfulness of a particular substance to human health. For this study, in lieu of animal testing, we utilize cell-based biosensors to evaluate the toxicity of natural products. The cell-based biosensors are fabricated on a printed circuit board with copper electrodes and are equipped with PDMS cell culture chambers. Two different electrodes (interdigitated and circular) were designed. Vero cells were used to represent normal healthy cells. The cells are first cultured on biosensors and then are inoculated with natural products, Taxol (chemo drug – positive control) and DMSO (negative control). Impedances of these biosensors were then recorded at six-hour intervals for 80 hours to determine the growth of the cells. It was found that compared to Taxol, natural products has a very low toxicant values.
Reintroduction as a tool for the recovery of warru (Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race) on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands of South Australia.

ix dominance hierarchies, although none of these behaviours led to dispersal from the release site. Patterns of male/female overlap were similar to the remnant warru population suggesting the formation of a functioning social system post-release. Drinking at supplementary water points was significantly predicted by rainfall and plant moisture content for both reintroduced and remnant warru populations. As limited rainfall during the dry winter on the APY Lands is linked to low juvenile warru survival, the results suggest that provision of supplementary water during the drier winter or drought could alleviate resource pressures for warru. This could potentially increase warru survival chances and thus population persistence. A review of the genetic composition of the three in situ warru populations (New Well, Alalka and Kalka), the two genetic captive groups (1-New Well/Alalka and 2-Kalka), and the broader MRR, was undertaken using 14 microsatellite loci and a 672 base pair sequence of mitochondrial DNA. Captive groups had significantly lower genetic diversity than their wild source populations, increasing the likelihood of inbreeding. While microsatellite data presented significant contemporary genetic differentiation among the in situ populations, there was a lack of phylogeographic structure within mitochondrial haplotypes, suggesting greater historical connectivity across the MRR. Outbreeding depression was therefore predicted to be unlikely, so this thesis recommends that captive warru populations be managed as one genetic group to increase the adaptive potential of future reintroduced groups. These data provide the first phylogenetic analysis for the MRR and highlight the importance of assessing historical, as well as contemporary genetic structure, for threatened species. Population viability analysis using post-release demographic rates predicted that the warru pintji population would exhibit a positive growth rate. Supplementation of the pintji population from captive stock in 2014 and delaying the first removal of a release group for new reintroductions until 2015 will enable larger release groups to be removed. This should increase the probability of successful establishment of the released population. Juvenile recruitment is an important component of successful establishment of a reintroduced warru population and will require intensive monitoring to enable adaptive management, such as the release of additional animals or increased predator control, to be implemented if successful recruitment is not observed.
Comparative study on cross-compatibility between Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (China type) and C. sinensis var. assamica (Assam type) tea

Tea has long been a well-known crop for its economic value and widening the genetic variability of tea family is often necessitated. Hybridization programs at intraspecific level have been greatly fascinated as potential and useful methods in tea plant breeding to widening the genetic diversity. This comparative study was intended to explore a new avenue to develop the tea plant breeding programs through evaluating remote intraspecific cross-compatibility between Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze and C. sinensis var. assamica (Masters). Remote intraspecific cross-compatibility was assessed by comparing and contrasting the in-vivo pollen germination and pollen tube growth using fluorescence microscopy and the subsequent fruit set following controlled self- and cross-pollinations. In-vivo pollen germination and pollen tube growth was examined at 1 day, 3 days, and 14 days after pollination treatments, but disparity was not observed in pollen germination and pollen tube growth between self- and cross-pollinations. Early fruit set was evaluated at 3 months and 6 months after pollination. Fruit set was observed in cross-pollination except self-pollination. A late-acting self-incompatibility system or post-zygotic barriers and close intraspecific cross-compatibility were confirmed within C. sinensis var. sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Potential remote intraspecific cross-compatibility was recorded from cultivars crossed between China type and Assam type tea. The present findings bestow the significant contribution to develop the future tea breeding programs. Key words: Intraspecific cross, pollen germination, pollen quality, pollination, tea breeding.
A fundamental study of monovalent and divalent ions on froth properties in the presence of terpenic oil

In order to minimize fresh water usage, much attention has been paid to the flotation using saline or sea water. However, the effects of various ions in these waters on froth properties in flotation are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of electrolyte solutions containing NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 at different concentrations in the presence of terpenic oil as a frother were investigated on froth performance, dynamic froth stability (DFS). It was found that KCl had the best synergistic effects with terpenic oil in reducing the solution surface tension. In the presence of terpenic oil, the DFS and half-life time were reduced with the increased ion concentration. Dynamics foamability index measurements (DFI) confirmed that the increased ion concentration increased the foamability, as frother did. In addition, Gibbs adsorption isotherm suggested that the amount of terpenic oil adsorbed at the gas-liquid interface was increased with the increased ion concentration. This study therefore indicated that the presence of ions can reduce the froth stability but not decline foamability due to terpenic oil, enlighting the application of saline or sea water in defoaming process in flotation.