Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fungicidal Effect of Some Promising Agents in Controlling Maize Late Wilt Disease and Their Potentials in Developing Yield Productivity

Antifungal activities of cyanobacterial filtrate, compost tea, H2O2, garlic oil, barnyardgrass root exudates and Premis fungicide were tested against Cephalosporium maydis, the pathogenic fungus of late wilt disease of maize plants. In vitro and two field trials were carried out during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons under disease nursery conditions. In vitro, cyanobacterial filtrate and 30% premis fungicide were the superior treatments, by them linear growth of C. maydis were prevented totally and fulfillment inhibitions (100 %) were resulted with lowest IC50 values. Cyanobacterial filtrate and 3% H2O2 were more effective in developing grain germination. Disease incidence showed better efficacy due to use 30 % Premis fungicide followed by 3 % H2O2 with massive disease reductions reached 83.21 and 75.37 %, respectively during 2015 season. Effectiveness of the 3 % H2O2 dose was extended to the 2016 season with 5.11 % disease incidence and 73.39 % disease reduction. For grain productivity, remarkable enhancements in the weights of both 10 ears and 1000 grains due to all treatments compared to control were recorded in both seasons. Due to their antifungal activities, qualitative analysis of Cyanobacterial filtrate and barnyardgrass root exudates was assayed on Gas chromatography mass-spectrum (GC-MS). Malonic acid, 2,3-Butandiol, Hexestrol, 12-Crown-4-ether and cis-Vaccenic acid were the major compounds extracted from the cultured blue-green algae. Whereas, Nadolol, Quinine, α- Methylionol, Phyllocladene, alcohols, acids, phenols and 2,6-dihydroxy benzoic acid were the most abundant antimicrobial agents in the barnyardgrass root exudates.
Corporate Governance and the Dynamics of Capital Structure: New Evidence

The effects of corporate governance on optimal capital structure choices have been well documented, though without offering empirical evidence about the impact of corporate governance quality on the adjustment speed toward an optimal capital structure. This study simultaneously considers two effects of debt originating from agency theory—the takeover defense and the disciplinary effects of debt—on the speed of adjustment to the optimal capital structure. Corporate governance has a distinct effect on the speed of capital structure adjustment: weak governance firms that are underlevered tend to adjust slowly to the optimal capital structure, because the costs of the disciplinary role of debt outweigh the benefits of using debt as a takeover defense tool. Although overlevered weak governance firms also adjust slowly, they do so because they are reluctant to decrease their leverage toward the target level to deter potential raiders, especially if they face a serious takeover threat. Therefore, this study finds that both overlevered and underlevered firms with weak governance adjust slowly toward their target debt levels, though with different motivations.
GROWTH FACTORS AND STRAW YIELD OF WHEAT CULTIVARS IN RELATION WITH NITROGEN AND SULFUR FERTILIZATION

This research was carried out to estimate the effects of sulfur and nitrogen application both as soil as well as foliar fertilization on growth factors and straw yield of wheat cultivars. An experiment was conducted at New Development Farm (NDF) of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan during 2008-09 and 2009-10. Eight different N and S treatment combinations were applied at various growth stages. Two wheat varieties, Pirsabaq-2005 and Khyber-87 were used. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. Different treatment combinations of nitrogen and sulfur significantly affected almost all agronomic characteristics and yield components of wheat cultivars. Soil + foliar applied N and soil+ foliar applied S gave non significant relationship with seedling emergence. Both the cultivars gave same number of seedling emergence. Khyber-87 gave maximum total number of tillers m -2 . Treatment number-3 (soil applied N) reported maximum plant height. Pirsabaq-2005 produced maximum plant height. Days to flowering and days to physiological maturity showed no significant interaction with fertilizer treatment combinations. Khyber-87 took more days to physiological maturity, while pirsabaq-2005 produced maximum straw yield. Maximum straw yield was observed by the fertilization of treatment number-8 (Soil+ Foliar applied N and Soil+ Foliar applied S) while control treatment was recorded with low straw yield. From the results of means of planned comparison of the two varieties it was proposed that in agronomic study all the observations except days to flowering and days to physiological maturity showed significant association with sulfur alone treatment, no fertilizer vs. fertilizer comparison and recommended practice vs. others comparison. Likewise reports from the means of planned comparison showed that the sulfur presented significant relationship with yield and yield component study. Therefore, it is concluded that soil and foliar application of nitrogen @ 100-120 kg N/ha and sulfur @ 20-35 kg S/ha in split doses at various growth stages can be practiced to get appreciable growth and yield of wheat crop.
The effect of gender and parental role on auditor's profesional career advancement in a gender egalitarian context: Danish evidence

Gender equality in the workplace is vital to ensure fair access to social, economic and political influence associated with career advancement. International labour studies show women are still concentrated in lower level management positions. The auditing profession is no different with few women attaining partner level. This research investigates whether parental role and gender affects career advancement of professional auditors employed by transnational audit firms in Denmark where institutional family policies encourage gender egalitarianism. A three-way analysis of covariance examines the dependent variable of management at four levels including partner to non-management employee, plus the independent factors of gender, parental status and the number of years working in audit. Current findings demonstrate that a mothers’ advancement contrasts with the fathers’ advancement to partner level, with nearly nine times more fathers at partner level than mothers. Results of this research suggest that gender and parental status do matter for promotion in international audit firms that appear to be still male dominated and impervious to contextual gender egalitarianism.
The Impact of IFRS on the Value Relevance of Accounting Information: Evidence from Turkish Firms

Value relevance is being defined as the ability of information disclosed by financial statements to capture and summarize firm value. Value relevance can be measured through the statistical relations between information presented by financial statements and stock market values or returns. In many studies, Ohlson model (1995) has been adopted to explore relationships among the market value of equity and two main financial reporting variables, namely the book value of equity per share (represents balance sheet) and earnings per share (represents income statement). This study investigates the value relevance of accounting information in pre- and post-financial periods of International Financial Reporting Standards’ (IFRS) application for Turkish listed firms from 1998 to 2011. Market value is related to book value and earnings per share by using the Ohlson model (1995). Overall book value is value relevant in determining market value or stock prices. The results show that value relevance of accounting information has improved in the post-IFRS period (2005-2011) considering book values while improvements have not been observed in value relevance of earnings.
Compound Subtraction in Non-Decimal Bases: Relative Effectiveness of Base-Complement Additions and Decomposition Algorithms.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether there was any significant difference in speed, accuracy, retention and transferability between the Decomposition (DEC) and the Base-Complement Additions (BCA) algorithms for performing compound subtraction in non-decimal bases. Fifty-nine students with a mean age of approximately 15 years from two Agona Swedru Junior High Schools in the Agona District participated in the study. The study employed the pretest-posttests non-equivalent design. The two schools were randomly assigned to the treatment groups. The data collected on the four achievement tests namely Pretest, Posttest, a Third test and Retention test administered were then studied and analysed by employing the ttest at 0.05 level of significance. From the study it was found out that the mean performance of the BCA group was significantly higher than the DEC group on measures of accuracy. There was no relationship between the BCA and the DEC groups on the measure of speed. The BCA group produced significantly better computational accuracy than the DEC group. The mean score of the BCA group in the retention measures were significantly higher than that of the DEC group. The third test which was the test for understanding and application of the two methods showed that the BCA group performed better than the DEC group though the difference was slightly significant. Based on the findings, it was established that BCA method has substantial gains over the DEC method and as such recommended that the BCA should thus be included in the Junior Hugh mathematics curriculum as alternative method of solving compound subtraction in non-decimal bases.
STUDIES ON WINE PRODUCTION FROM ORANGE (CITRUS SINENSIS)

Wine was produced from orange must (Citrus sinensis) at 1:4 orange must: water (A) and aug- menting with sugar solution at 1:4 orange must: sugar solution (B) using the normal flora. On fer- mentation for 72h, wine from A had average pH of 3.6, optical density of 0.5148, specific gravity 0.994, % alcohol of 1.355, temperature of 29.40C, % titratable acidity of 0.3, total aerobic count of 10.4 log10cfu/ml, fungal count of 10.16 log10cfu/ml and Rf of 4.05cm. Wine from B had average pH of 3.5, optical density of 0.6448, specific gravity of 1.009, % alcohol of 1.356%, temperature of 290c, % titratable acidity of 0.89%, total aerobic count of 9.054 log10cfu/ml, fungal count of 10.58 and Rf of 4.2cm. Taste assessment showed smooth sweetness with characteristic orange fla- vor after 48h and a reduction of the yellow coloration and sweetness after 72h of fermentation. There were no statistically significant differences at 95% confidence level between the two batches of orange wine. Thus, wine could be produced from orange juice using the natural flora or by augmenting with sugar, if higher residual yeast load is desired, for immediate consumption after 48h of fermentation, without chemical preservatives and/or pasteurization.
Study of the Polymer Flow Through Tubular Runner

Flow through tubular runners presented is a very important flow type encountered in polymer processing, especially during injection mold filling. The filling pattern developed during the mold filling plays a decisive role on the final part quality, thus, in this paper we have investigated the filling pattern and the volumetric flow rate during the filling of a tubular runner for three different materials. The melt is treated as an incompressible, non-Newtonian the Ostwald-de Waele model with a power-law relationship between the shear stress and the shear rate.
1 Simultaneous Flexural and Punching Strengthening of RC Slabs according to a New Hybrid 2 Technique Using U-Shape CFRP Laminates 3

10 One of the main concerns related to flat reinforced-concrete (RC) slabs is the slab’s punching capacity. Punching can 11 occur not only due to a deficient transverse reinforcement, but also when the flexural capacity of the slab needs to be 12 increased. To increase the flexural capacity, carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP) composites have been applied 13 according to near-surface-mounted (NSM) or external-bonded-reinforcement (EBR) techniques, while for the 14 punching strengthening CFRP reinforcements have been applied according to embedded-through-section (ETS) 15 technique. To take advantage of strengthening benefits of the NSM and ETS techniques, in the present paper a new 16 type of CFRP laminate of U-shape is used by adopting a novel hybrid technique for the simultaneous flexural and 17 punching strengthening of existing RC slabs. Besides, this hybrid technique aims to provide a better bond performance 18 for the ETS and NSM CFRPs by improving the anchorage conditions. Moreover, a higher resistance to the 19 susceptibility of occurrence of other premature failure modes, like concrete cover delamination, is offered by using 20 this hybrid technique. A 3D nonlinear finite-element (FE) model is developed to simulate the experimental tests by 21 considering the nonlinear behavior of the constituent materials. The experimental program and numerical model are 22 described, and the relevant results are analyzed. 23
Ownership and market entry mode choices of emerging country multinationals in a transition country: evidence from Turkish multinationals in Romania

Drawing upon key arguments of prevailing theoretical perspectives in international business, this study aims to explain the ownership and market entry strategies of emerging country multinational enterprises (MNE) in a transition country. To this end, the Turkish MNEs’ ownership (joint venture versus wholly owned subsidiary) and entry mode (greenfield versus acquisition) choices for their affiliates in Romania are essentially investigated based on a number of selected case studies. Using qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, this study indicates that a single perspective alone cannot adequately explain the Turkish MNEs’ ownership and entry mode strategies for their affiliates in Romania.
Moving between jobs

This paper aims to inform policies facilitating job-to-job transitions triggered by changes in the task content of occupations and in job demand. It assesses the distances existing between occupations in terms of cognitive skills and of skills as they emerge from the tasks performed on the job, and the training needs that moving between occupations entails. Skill “shortages” and “excesses” calculated on data for 31 countries and aggregated over 127 occupations are used to estimate the training efforts required to meet the skills requirements of the destination job. Distances in cognitive skills are found to be higher among low-skilled or from mid- to high-skilled occupations than among higher-skilled occupations. Conversely, distances in task-related skills are higher within high-skilled than low-skilled occupations. These results call for policies aimed at developing general cognitive skills complemented by task-related skills for workers in low-skilled occupations, and on-the-job training options for workers in high-skilled occupations.
Presenting an Appropriate Model of Cultural Diplomacy Based On the Elite Capacity

Purpose: The present paper aimed to present a suitable model of cultural diplomacy based on elite capacity. Methodology : The statistical population included the scientific elite, including professors, students, Executive and cultural managers of universities and the selected institutions and departments, including 4500 people, who was studying in the academic year of 2016-2017, of whom 354 people were selected based on the Kerjeci and Morgan tables, in Simple and randomized stratified method. The extracted components and sub-components, after reviewing the documents of theoretical foundations and factor analysis, the matrix of the research components was examined for the panel of experts and the research components, in terms of naming fitness. Findings : The results of the data analysis showed 6 components were extracted, among which, the components of setting up elite activity space, the utilization of the elite idea's capacity, the fitting of the elite presence based on the cultural diplomacy of the country, in the field of elite capacity and multi-dimensional valuation components of cultural diplomacy of the country, the cultural valuation of cultural diplomacy of the country, and the scientific-expert evaluation of the cultural diplomacy of the country, were included in the field of cultural diplomacy and the model was also drawn and the GFI model was calculated equal to 0.937 and verified. In addition, among these six factors, 5 factors are in a favorable situation, according to the calculated mean (3.90), (3.188), (3.14), (0104), (3.185), and (3.778) and being larger than average of population (3) and the elite presence fitting component had a lower utility than other components, based on cultural diplomacy of the country. Discussion: the structure and set of cultural laws of the country were in a favorable situation in line with the use of elite capacity.
New amphisbaenian lizards from the Early Paleogene of Europe and their implications for the early evolution of modern amphisbaenians

Three new amphisbaenian lizard taxa are described from the Early Paleogene of Western Europe. Two new basal forms, Polyodontobaena belgica gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Paleocene of Hainin (Belgium) and Camptognathosaurus parisiensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Paleocene of Rivecourt-Patit Pâtis and Cernay-les-Reims (France), are characterised by a dentary lacking a strong angle at the symphysis and bearing 10 to 12 massively built and conical teeth. These two taxa form the new family Polyodontobaenidae. A third new amphisbaenian, Blanosaurus primeocaenus gen. et sp. nov., is also described from the Early Eocene of Dormaal (Belgium), Conde-en-Brie and Premontre (France) and represents the oldest modern amphisbaenian lizard of Europe, tentatively assigned to Blanidae. It is characterised by a reduction of tooth number and by the presence of a strong angle at the symphysis. Palaeobiogeographic considerations suggest a first hypothesis that the Eocene forms would have evolved from the Paleocene species.The second hypothesis would be that as for the lizard Scincoideus haininensis, primitive amphisbaenians were present in Europe from the Paleocene,whereas beginning in the Early Eocene only modern forms with typical reduced dentition (fewer than 10 teeth) are present. The origin of these modern forms is very likely related with the dispersal of the first modern mammals.
Iterated learning of language distributions

This dissertation presents the results of a series of simulations intended to expand the findings of Burkett and Griffiths (2009, 2010), whose model is shown to make a number of assumptions that may be unrealistic with regard to human language learners. These assumptions are modified to create a number of more realistic scenarios. A series of simulations shows that the concentration parameter α continues to affect the outcome of iterated learning with Bayesian learners in these new scenarios. To overcome the need for the concentration parameter to be specified by the modeller, a model is presented where agents learn a complex hypothesis composed of both a distribution of languages within a population and the appropriate value for α. The outcome of the simulations based on this model are inconclusive but do hint at the possibility of α being affected by iterated learning, potentially enabling learners to acquire a complex hypothesis.
ROLE AMBIGUITY AND CONFLICTS: A STUDY OF COMPANY SECRETARIES AND TWO-TIER BOARDS IN THE NETHERLANDS

Recent research suggests that company secretaries are increasingly involved in governance responsibilities in addition to traditional administrative tasks. Little is known in the literature, however, about company secretaries' changing governance role, and their daily challenges in liaising with boards and other stakeholders. In addition, few studies have been able to gain access to learn firsthand how company secretaries operate. This exploratory study fills this void by gaining access to the opinions of about one hundred company secretaries in the Netherlands who operate in the two-tier board system. Our findings indicate that company secretaries significantly influence an organisation's governance framework, while they face a number of practical challenges with directors, employees and management in fulfilling their diverse roles and responsibilities.
Evaluation of Cassava Germplasm Accessions for High Tuber Yield and Starch Content for Industrial Exploitations

A total of 368 cassava germplasm accessions are being maintained at Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Yethapur. The trial on the evaluation of cassava germplasm accessions was laid out in Augmented Block Design (ABD). The accessions are being continuously evaluated for its growth parameters viz., plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), branching habit and yield traits viz., number of tubers, tuber yield plant -1(kg) and quality parameters viz., starch content (%). The experiment was conducted for the peiod from 2012 to 2015 and the results revealed that the plant height ranged from 108.51 cm (Me 519) to 385.41 cm (Me 287) and stem girth ranged from 3.90 cm (Me 75) to 16.4 cm (Me 724 and Me 725). The cassava accessions such as Me 50, Me 224, Me 460, Me 383, Me 866, Me 867, Me 868, Me 869 showed non-branching habit. The maximum (19.10) and minimum number of tubers (2.80) was recorded in Me 866 and Me 616, Me 656 respectively. Yield plant -1 ranged from 1.39 kg (Me 398) to 10.22 kg (Me 155). The lowest (13.00 %) and the highest starch content (30.40%) was recorded in Me 852 and Me 310 respectively. Among the accessions evaluated, Me 681 has excelled with high tuber yield plant -1 (7.53 kg) and starch content (29.33%) when compared to the local check YTP-1 (Me 833) with the tuber yield of 6.27 kg plant -1 and starch content of 26.70%.
Aging in a Neoclassical Theory of Labor Demand

This paper introduces aging of workers into the neoclassical theory of labor demand. Among other things, it is shown that under reasonable hypotheses employment, even of younger workers, increases in the span of working life. Using the standard model without aging, the analysis of such issues has not been possible up to now. The main results derived for constant returns to scale carry over to the qualitatively equivalent steady state of a model with decreasing returns to scale. Thus, constant returns to scale loose much of their special flavor. The implied age-structure of optimum employment turns out to accord well with empirical evidence.