Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blow-ups of locally conformally Kahler manifolds

A locally conformally Kahler (LCK) manifold is a manifold which is covered by a Kahler manifold, with the deck transform group acting by homotheties. We show that the blow-up of a compact LCK manifold along a complex submanifold admits an LCK structure if and only if this submanifold is globally conformally Kahler. We also prove that a twistor space (of a compact 4-manifold, a quaternion-Kahler manifold or a Riemannian m anifold) cannot admit an LCK metric, unless it is Kahler.
Determinants of Contraceptive Use in Bangladesh

Background: Bangladesh is experiencing a plateau phase in fertility decline after its dramatic reduction in early nineties. Aspects of contraceptive use dynamics have important influences on fertility. Methods: This study used data from the 2004 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey and applied Multinomial Logistic Regression model to examine the determinants of use of modern methods of contraception. Results: The results showed that individual level characteristics had strong influence on contraceptive use. These variables included educational level of the couples, autonomy of woman, male child preference, woman’s membership with an NGO, visit by family planning worker, region and type of residence. Conclusion: The analysis indicated that further increase of contraceptive prevalence rate to achieve decline in fertility level depended on the improvement of educational status of couples and as well as increase in societal value of girl child. It was evident that household visit by a family planning worker was a significant factor in contraceptive use. Influences of Muslim religion were found to be declining in the case of several methods of contraception use. NGOs could take this opportunity to advocate condom use among their credit clients, which would also benefit the country as a policy against sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2014; 8(2): 34-40
Blow-up analysis and optimal Trudinger-Moser inequalities for some mean field equations in statistical hydrodynamics (Modern approach and developments to Onsager's theory on statistical vortices)

We outline some mathematical results concerning mean field equations derived within Onsager‘s statistical hydrodynamics theory. Such equations contain a probability measure describing the circulations of the vortex points. Our analysis shows that in the deterministic vs. stochastic approach we obtain similar blow-up properties of bubbling solutions, whereas the corresponding optimal ’hudinger-Moser constants, corresponding to the critical temperatures, may be substantially different. 1 Some mean field equations from Onsager’s vortex theory In recent years, several mean field equations have been derived in order to describe two-dimensional turbulence, following Onsager $s$ celebrated statistical mechanics approach [21], see also [10, 28]. By well-known work of Caglioti, Lions, Marchioro and Pulvirenti [2, 3] and Kiessling [14] it is well-known and rigorously established that under the assumption that all vortex points have identical vorticity and orientation, the mean field limit, in the case of a compact two-dimensional surface without boundary $\Omega$ , is described by the semilinear elliptic equation with exponential nonlinearity: $\{\begin{array}{ll}-\Delta v=\lambda(\frac{e^{v}}{\int_{\Omega}e^{v}dx}-\frac{1}{|\Omega|}) on \Omega,\int_{\Omega}vdx=0. \end{array}$ (1) Here, $v$ is the stream function, $\lambda>0$ is a constant related to the statistical temperature and $dx$ denotes the surface element on $\Omega$ . The normalization $\int_{\Omega}vdx=0$ is cho数理解析研究所講究録 第 1798巻 2012年 188-197 188
Termite (Isoptera) community in the Western Ghats, South India: influence of anthropogenic disturbance of natural vegetation

A comparative study of termites communities was carried out in the Western Ghats in order to understand the impact of human disturbance on the pristine ecosystems such as the wet evergreen forest of South India. Termites communities were studied in six sites with varying degrees of disturbance (3 forests, 2 pastures, 1 Acacia plantation) at six different times over one year and for three depths of soil. Twelve species, representing 3 subfamilies and 9 genera were recorded over a total of 27,879 individuals. These results show that the termite community in the natural forest system is greatly affected when the habitat is even slightly disturbed. One species was recorded exclusively in forest systems (Microcerofermesflefcheri) and two species were found exclusively in non-forest sites (Dicuspiditermes perriame and Pericapriteniies ceyloiiicus). Maximum number of species was recorded in an undisturbed evergreen forest (10 species) and the minimum in a slightly disturbed forest (4 species). During monsoon, there was a sharp fall in termite abundance and biomass in all the plots while highest abundance and biomass were observed during the dry season. Finally, termite abundance and biomass correlated strongly with soil nitrogen and organic matter.
Critical Discourse Analysis of News Discourse

News discourse is one of main analysis subjects of critical discourse analysis. People can know the opinions implied by the author and grasp the real situation of the events described in the discourse by critical discourse analysis. Furthermore, it is beneficial for the audience to establish the critical awareness of News discourse and enhance the ability to critically analyze news discourse. Based on the discussion of the concept of news discourse and critical discourse analysis, the theoretical foundations and steps of critical discourse analysis, the paper illustrates the method of the critical analysis of news discourse. The author also puts forward issues that needed to pay attention to in order to improve the ability of news discourse analysis.
When Do Adults Learn? A Cohort Analysis of Adult Education in Europe

Adult learning is seen as a key factor for enhancing employment, innovation and growth, and it should concern all age cohorts. The aim of this paper is to understand the points in the life cycle at which adult learning takes place and whether it leads to reaching a medium or high level of educational attainment. To this end we perform a synthetic panel analysis of adult learning for cohorts aged 25 to 64 in 27 European countries using the European Labour Force Survey. We find, as previous results suggest, that a rise in educational attainment as well as participation in education and training happens mostly at the age range of 25-29. However, investment across the life cycle by cohorts older than 25 still occurs: in most countries in our sample, participation in education and training as well as educational attainment increases observably across all cohorts. We also find that the decline with age slows down or is even reversed for older cohorts, for both participation in education and educational attainment. Finally, we can identify a Nordic model in which adult learning is achieved through participation in education and training, a Central European model in which adult learning occurs in the form of increasing educational attainment and a liberal model in which both approaches to adult learning are observable.
TESTING FOR THE EXISTENCE OF POLITICO-ECONOMIC CYCLES IN GHANA

The abuse of incumbency during elections in order to retain power by ruling governments has become a contentious issue in political economics. This study was set to examine the effect elections and other macroeconomic variables on growth in Ghana. Data for the estimation was collected for the period, 1992-2010, during which Ghana has had an uninterrupted democratic elections. The results of the analysis show that political cycles do not exist in Ghana, which lends support to the views of (Ito and Park, 1999; Alesina et al, 1992, 1993; Brender and Drazen, 2005). Nonetheless, pre-election manipulations of some sort is a common phenomenon as its manifestation becomes glare as abuse of incumbency is noticed even though data do not suggest so. The implication is that abuse of incumbency may exist but not to the extent that creates political cycles. Keywords: Political Cycles, opportunistic Models, Partisan Models, Contractionary Monetary Policies, Phillips Curve, Stationarity Test, Unit Root Test.
Experiential Perceived Quality of a Tourist Destination: Effects on Satisfaction and Loyalty of the Tourist: Case: Saharan Tourism in Tunisia

Purpose – This paper aims, at first, to study the impact of the perceived experiential quality of a tourist destination on tourist satisfaction. Secondly, it intends to examine the influence of satisfaction on the intention of going back and spreading a positive word of mouth about this destination. • Design/methodology/approach – To reach this aim, we have conducted a quantitative study via a survey of 152 tourists. We have chosen the Tunisian Sahara as a tourist destination and the survey has been conducted within some hotels in the area of this destination and on buses touring the Sahara. • Findings – The results have shown that the perceived experiential quality of a tourist destination has an impact on tourists’ satisfaction. They also show that satisfaction itself influences the intention to going back and spreading a favorable word of mouth about the destination. • Practical implications – A managerial perspective must be clearly highlighted in this work as the quality and experience are two essential concepts in the tourism sector. This is why tourism officials (travel agencies, tour operators .) should emphasize the experience that will be experienced by the tourists through communication media and non-media. Then, practitioners have an interest in providing excellent experiential quality to meet the tourist and earn their loyalty. It turned out that a satisfied customer can recommend company’s product or service or buys it again. This is exactly the case for the tourist. He can talk positively about a destination or hotel and return to it.
Analytical Investigations of the Effects of Tool Pin Profile and Process Parameters on the Peak Temperature in Friction Stir Welding

In this work, effects of different tool pin profiles of flat and tapered shoulder geometries on the peak temperature in friction stir welding are investigated analytically. The developed models used for the analytical investigations considered the welding process as a combination or mixture of the pure sliding and the pure sticking. From the results, the amount of heat generation and the peak temperature are directly proportional to the number of edges in the pin profiles in such a way that the heat generated and peak temperature in the profiles increases from the triangular pin profile to hexagonal pin profile. Also, the rate of heat generation and the peak temperature in flat shoulder are greater than in tapered/conical shoulder. The results in this work are validated with experimental and the past theoretical results and good agreements are achieved.
Gender in Management: A Sociological Perspective

Thispaper starts with an overview of the literature on gender differences in managerial bahaviour. Much of the research on management ignores or denies any difference between genders. On the other hand, research on management style and gender stereotypes demonstrates that there are real differences in culturally approved communication and interpersonal influence methods used by men and women (Palmer, 1993; Willis, 1990). Empirical findings from a study on women small business owners is used to explain androgyny. We review the evidence for the existence of a ’glass ceiling’ causing discrimination against women in management. We then suggest a theoretical framework of the management process which can be used to analyse the various ways that gender stereotypes impact on the management processes used within management. When we talk about gender in management, few people would say that women have made great strides in every walk of life. Since the 1970s women have succeeded in combining careers with families and are moving into male-dominated professions such as law, industry and commerce, but are still not well represented in the more senior positions (Grimwood & Popplestone, 1993). In order to explain this phenomenon we will be discussing the sociological constuction of women and men as genders, ‘women’ and ‘men’ and ‘masculinity’ are socially and culturally produced and vary with the society and the social context (Symons, 1992). For many years, men were able to hold power at all levels because they were free of childbearing and child rearing responsibilities and so available to participate in social and political life.
Is Financialization Killing Commodity Investments?

The financialization of commodity markets has recently become a broadly discussed phenomenon, but its implications for commodity investors to a large extent remain unknown. This article focuses on whether the potential benefits of passive investment strategies in the commodity futures markets are expected to continue with increased financialization of the commodity futures markets. First, a regression analysis is conducted in order to examine the correlation between financialization and the disappearance of roll yields. Second, after finding such a correlation, we assume that this correlation is driven by increased financialization, which causes the decline in roll yields. Third, simulation-based methods are implemented to examine the revised efficient frontiers after accounting for the potential impact of financialization on roll yields. Our empirical research is based on returns on various asset classes and other related variables over the period 1990–2012. As noted, our computations indicate that market financialization may have resulted in a decline in roll returns. This decrease in roll yields, should it continue, is of a potential magnitude such that therationale for including commodity futures in traditional stock-and-bond portfolios would be seriously undermined.
On the kinematics of massive star forming regions: the case of IRAS 17233-3606

Context. Direct observations of accretion disks around high-mass young stellar objects would help to discriminate between different models of formation of massive stars. However, given the complexity of massive star forming regions, such studies are still limited in number. Additionally, there is still no general consensus on the molecular tracers to be used for such investigations. Aims. Because of its close distance and high luminosity, IRAS 17233−3606 is a potential good laboratory to search for traces of rotation in the inner gas around the protostar(s). Therefore, we selecte d the source for a detailed analysis of its molecular emission at 230 GHz with the SMA. Methods. We systematically investigated the velocity fields of transitions in the SMA spectra which are not affected by overlap with other transitions, and searched for coherent velocity gradients to comp are them to the distribution of outflows in the region. Beside CO emission we also used high-angular H2 images to trace the outflow motions driven by the IRAS 17233−3606 cluster. Results. We find linear velocity gradients in many transitions of the same molecular spe cies and in several molecules. We report the first detection of HNCO in molecular outflows from massive YSOs. We disc uss the CH3CN velocity gradient taking into account various scenarios: rotation, expansion, presence of multiple unresolv ed sources with different velocities, and outflow(s). Although other interpretations cannot be ruled out, we propose that the CH3CN emission might be affected by the outflows of the region. Higher angular observations are needed to discriminate between the different scenarios. Conclusions. The present observations, with the possible association of CH3CN with outflows in a few thousands AU around the YSOs’ cluster, (i) question the choice of the tracer to probe rotating structu res, and (ii) show the importance of the use of H2 images for detailed studies of kinematics.
Diagnosing CH4 models using the equivalent length in the stratosphere

The equivalent length, a measure for mixing strength in the atmosphere, in meridional direction in the current application, is used here to investigate the causes of the atmospheric chemistry model (TM3, TM5-4DVAR and LMDz-PYVAR) biases in the stratosphere. Compared to measurements, we find that the modeled surf zone (a strongly stirred region caused by planetary wave breaking in mid-latitude stratosphere in the winter hemisphere), especially in the southern hemisphere, is not strong enough. We assume that this is due to an underestimation of the planetary wave breaking magnitude in the models. Consequently, the region with meridional uniform stratospheric CH4 concentrations has smaller latitudinal coverages in the models than the measurements, especially in the southern hemisphere between June and September. During the southern winter, a region with both vertically and horizontally well mixed CH4 concentrations occur between 450 and 850 K (~18 and 30 km) in surf zone latitudes. Such a region is absent in the models, and underestimations of CH4 concentrations within it are visible in comparisons with measured CH4 profiles. The modeled polar vortex breaks too fast and during the vortex period CH4 concentration differences across its barrier are underestimated compared to the measurements.
Personal and social benefits : consumer beliefs towards product review blogs

Online blogs that offer reviews of products, services and technologies increasingly attract interest among public relations practitioners, as well as academic scholars. This paper reports on blog readers' perceptions of the personal and social benefits offered by these specialized blogs as a new communication medium. The study surveyed 169 Australian online consumers. A personal and social benefits (PSB) multi-item scale, traditionally employed in an advertising research context, is adapted and validated to gauge consumer perceptions and offer strategic directions across demographic segments. The findings suggest that the adapted PSB scale to measure perceptions towards blogging exhibits sufficient internal consistency as well as evidence of convergent and content validity. Factor analysis suggests that the construct in this instance is uni-dimensional, therefore the 10 items can be summed to provide an overall reflection of the PSB dimension of consumer beliefs toward blogs. While the findings cannot be generalized to an international context, the PSB scale adapted from an advertising context can be used as a survey tool to gauge perceptions of the personal and social benefits towards blogs in general and within a specific target audience. This study enables managers to focus communication methods to a range of customer groupings in diverse and appropriate ways. This study confirmed that while gender and education do not necessarily have an influence on PSB, it is inversely related to age. The study suggests that blogs would be appropriate for communicating with younger consumers while older consumers may be better reached through more traditional media, such as product reviews in newspapers and magazines.
The link between outgoing longwave radiation and the altitude at which a spaceborne lidar beam is fully attenuated

Abstract. According to climate model simulations, the changing altitude of middle and high clouds is the dominant contributor to the positive global mean longwave cloud feedback. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of this longwave cloud altitude feedback and its magnitude have not yet been verified by observations. Accurate, stable, and long-term observations of a metric-characterizing cloud vertical distribution that are related to the longwave cloud radiative effect are needed to achieve a better understanding of the mechanism of longwave cloud altitude feedback. This study shows that the direct measurement of the altitude of atmospheric lidar opacity is a good candidate for the necessary observational metric. The opacity altitude is the level at which a spaceborne lidar beam is fully attenuated when probing an opaque cloud. By combining this altitude with the direct lidar measurement of the cloud-top altitude, we derive the effective radiative temperature of opaque clouds which linearly drives (as we will show) the outgoing longwave radiation. We find that, for an opaque cloud, a cloud temperature change of 1 K modifies its cloud radiative effect by 2 W m−2. Similarly, the longwave cloud radiative effect of optically thin clouds can be derived from their top and base altitudes and an estimate of their emissivity. We show with radiative transfer simulations that these relationships hold true at single atmospheric column scale, on the scale of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instantaneous footprint, and at monthly mean 2° × 2° scale. Opaque clouds cover 35 % of the ice-free ocean and contribute to 73 % of the global mean cloud radiative effect. Thin-cloud coverage is 36 % and contributes 27 % of the global mean cloud radiative effect. The link between outgoing longwave radiation and the altitude at which a spaceborne lidar beam is fully attenuated provides a simple formulation of the cloud radiative effect in the longwave domain and so helps us to understand the longwave cloud altitude feedback mechanism.
Amplification of global warming through pH dependence of DMS production simulated with a fully coupled Earth system model

Abstract. We estimate the additional transient surface warming ΔTs caused by a potential reduction of marine dimethyl sulfide (DMS) production due to ocean acidification under the high-emission scenario RCP8.5 until the year 2200. Since we use a fully coupled Earth system model, our results include a range of feedbacks, such as the response of marine DMS production to the additional changes in temperature and sea ice cover. Our results are broadly consistent with the findings of a previous study that employed an offline model set-up. Assuming a medium (strong) sensitivity of DMS production to pH, we find an additional transient global warming of 0.30 K (0.47 K) towards the end of the 22nd century when DMS emissions are reduced by 7.3 Tg S yr−1 or 31 % (11.5 Tg S yr−1 or 48 %). The main mechanism behind the additional warming is a reduction of cloud albedo, but a change in shortwave radiative fluxes under clear-sky conditions due to reduced sulfate aerosol load also contributes significantly. We find an approximately linear relationship between reduction of DMS emissions and changes in top of the atmosphere radiative fluxes as well as changes in surface temperature for the range of DMS emissions considered here. For example, global average Ts changes by −0. 041 K per 1 Tg S yr−1 change in sea–air DMS fluxes. The additional warming in our model has a pronounced asymmetry between northern and southern high latitudes. It is largest over the Antarctic continent, where the additional temperature increase of 0.56 K (0.89 K) is almost twice the global average. We find that feedbacks are small on the global scale due to opposing regional contributions. The most pronounced feedback is found for the Southern Ocean, where we estimate that the additional climate change enhances sea–air DMS fluxes by about 9 % (15 %), which counteracts the reduction due to ocean acidification.
1 Acanthamoeba activates macrophages predominantly through TLR 4 and MyD 881 dependent mechanisms to induce IL-12 and IL-6 2 3 4

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