Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to the Use of Mobile Banking Services

The current study aims to adapt the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to the use of mobile banking services in Jordan through examining the researches and subjects related to this topic. In this study the TAM model has been modified by introducing two new dimensions, which are the factors of quality and experience to the five dimensions that the TAM model, which introduced by Davis in 1986, originally composed of them. Thus this study sample consists of seven dimensions, which are the three following factors: quality (the quality of information and quality of service and the quality of the system), perceived ease of use the experience, the perceived usefulness, attitudes, behavioral intention and the use. In light of this, the current study extended these necessary dimensions and factors in order to be expanded in line with the banking business, especially in the mobile banking services in Jordan. The development of the seven hypotheses was based on the dimensions of the study as well as on the relevant literature. In addition, eight hypotheses were added to measure the correlation between the different constraints of the studied model. A questionnaire consisting of (24) questions covering the dimensions and hypothesis of the study was designed in order to collect the required data for examining hypotheses and reaching conclusions. The questionnaire used in this study was designed and developed based on an initial pretested survey distributed to a sample consisting of (238) customers of the Jordan Banks. It is found that all the variables of this study (all dimensions included in the study sample) are affected by the use of mobile banking services with value of mean(4.45). All seven hypotheses for the first group were accepted as well as for the eighth hypothesis, concerning the relationship of the link between the components of study model. The statistical analysis showed that the positive correlation between all of these components consisted of a stronger correlation (positive relationship) between each of the attitude and the use of mobile banking services with a value of coefficient correlation (0.377). As for the dimensions, the strongest correlation is found to be between (perceive ease of use) and (experience) with the value of correlation (0.534).
An upper-branch Brewer-Dobson circulation index for attribution of stratospheric variability and improved ozone and temperature trend analysis

Abstract. We find that wintertime temperature anomalies near 4 hPa and 50° N/S are related, through dynamics, to anomalies in ozone and temperature, particularly in the tropical stratosphere but also throughout the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. These mid-latitude anomalies occur on timescales of up to a month, and are related to changes in wave forcing. A change in the meridional Brewer–Dobson circulation extends from the middle stratosphere into the mesosphere and forms a temperature-change quadrupole from Equator to pole. We develop a dynamical index based on detrended, deseasonalised mid-latitude temperature. When employed in multiple linear regression, this index can account for up to 60 % of the total variability of temperature, peaking at ∼ 5 hPa and dropping to 0 at ∼ 50 and ∼ 0.5 hPa, respectively, and increasing again into the mesosphere. Ozone similarly sees up to an additional 50 % of variability accounted for, with a slightly higher maximum and strong altitude dependence, with zero improvement found at 10 hPa. Further, the uncertainty on all equatorial multiple-linear regression coefficients can be reduced by up to 35 and 20 % in temperature and ozone, respectively, and so this index is an important tool for quantifying current and future ozone recovery.
Hairy Root and Its Application in Plant Genetic Engineering

Agrobacterium rhizogenes Conn. causes hairy root disease in plants. Hairy root-infected A. rhizogenes is characterized by a high growth rate and genetic stability. Hairy root cultures have been proven to be an efficient means of producing secondary metabolites that are normally biosynthesized in roots of differentiated plants. Furthermore, a transgenic root system offers tremendous potential for introducing additional genes along with the Ri plasmid, especially with modified genes, into medicinal plant cells with A. rhizogenes vector systems. The cultures have turned out to be a valuable tool with which to study the biochemical properties and the gene expression profile of metabolic pathways. Moreover, the cultures can be used to elucidate the intermediates and key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The present article discusses various applications of hairy root cultures in plant genetic engineering and potential problems associated with them. (Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Capital structure ? Romanian and Eastern-Europe companies

This paper analyses company? s capital structure using a sample of listed companies on a ten year period. It mainly tackles one of the most debated issues in corporate finance, the relationship between profitability and debt level of a company. Shareholder funds are considered at book value, while profitability is counted as profit on total assets. The study tries to answer the question of whether the structural changes in Romanian economy, regarding cost and availability of capital, have affected, or were affected by the profit making capacity of companies. After analyzing Romanian companies sample, the new objective was to compare it with a set of listed companies from emerging economies of Eastern Europe member states. By this it was intended to compare the results and see if there is any particularity for Romanian firms. Linear regression method is used through a panel data random effects model. Results confirmed past studies as negative relationship between leveraging and profitability was found. This finding is in line with pecking order theory of capital structure and contradicts trade-off and signal theory for Romanian listed companies.
The impact of personal interactions on the stress of school administrators: The validation and application of an assessment tool

Purpose: To analyze personal interactions as one of the possible factors that can generate greater stress in school administrators. For this purpose, we present the design, validation and application of a survey that intends to measure the type of managerial functions that are associated with higher rates of personal interaction and their possible measurement as stressors of those performing administrative functions. Design/methodology/approach: To develop, validate and apply an assessment tool to measure the stress of school administrators. To this end, a mixed analysis methodology has been adopted, involving the selection of a group of experts, the calculation of an “expert proficiency coefficient” (Cabero & Barroso, 2013) and the subsequent validation of the survey using the modified Delphi method in two phases, with a sample of 30 school administrators and educational supervisors. The survey has also been subjected to a process to determine the trustworthiness and validity of the construct through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: The result is a 5-dimension, 31-item survey with a total score of 155 points and three measurements: low stress (1-50 points), medium stress (51-100 points) and high stress (101-155 points). The areas that generate the greatest amount of stress can be summarized in two categories: reprimanding teachers for non-performance of their duties and discipline management at the center (expulsions, bullying, fighting and drugs). Research limitations/implications: The survey was designed according to the socio-educational characteristics of the Spanish context. Further research in other educational contexts would require an adaptation of different items on the scale. Practical implications: Measuring the school administrator’s stress makes it possible to identify those functions that are more susceptible to intervention, both formative and administrative. This improves one of the key areas of school organization. Social implications: The improvement of the school institution and its governance starts with identifying those aspects that require educational interventions, but also social ones that imply a reflection on how schools in the 21st century are managed and organized. Originality/value: There are no Spanish studies that propose assessment tools to measure the stress of school administrators; in this sense, this study provides a framework for the Spanish context.
Identification and Function Analysis of Novel microRNAs by Computers in Capra Hircus

MicroRNAs are a class of non-protein coding small RNAs that regulate genes expression at post-transcriptional levels. Increasing evidence indicates miRNAs play key roles in a broad range of biological processes. In this study, based on the phylogenetic conservation of microRNAs, a combined bioinformatics and sequences homology comparison approach was used for the identification and function analysis of novel miRNA candidates in Capra hircus. As a result, a total of 13 potential microRNA candidates were detected following a range of filtering criteria. 153 non-redundant presumable target genes were predicted in Ovis aries 3′-Untranslated region database. 149 protein sequences were mapped by BLASTX, 2,517 GO terms were returned and distributed in biological process, molecular function and cell component. 66 KEGG pathways were also involved by these novel miRNAs. The qRT-PCR based assay was performed to validate the authenticity of these novel miRNA candidates. The results indicate the expressed sequence tags analysis is an efficient and affordable approach for identifying novel microRNA candidates, and our study provides insight into the further researches of miRNAs and their functions in Capra hircus.
Indirect Heamagglutination as An Immunodiagnostic Technique For Cystic Echinococcosis In Iraqi Patients

Background: The aim is to determine the effectiveness of indirect Haemagglutination (IHA) as diagnostic techniques for Cystic Echinococcosis in Iraqi and possible correlation of age and gender in disease occurrence. Patients and Methods: Patients presented with clinical manifestation of hydatidosis (202) were selectively enrolled in this study. IHA technique using sensitized sheep red blood cells coated with an Echinococcus granulosus antigen was applied. Results: One hundred and one patients (50%) were males, with the mean age (33.50±7. 8) years. The rest were females with mean age (29.78±9. 6) years. IHA positive cases were (19.3% ) and the reminders (80.7%) were negative . IHA positive females (22.8%) compared with (15.8%) in males without statistical significant difference (P Value= 0.212) nor correlation between gender and IHA results (P Value= 0.214) . The majority of patients belongs to (24-30) years ,( 31-36) years and (18-23) years age groups . Among males, higher number of positive cases at (31-36) years followed by (24-30) years and (49-54) years. Among females, higher number of positive cases at(24-30) years followed by (37-42) years and (18-23) years. Statistical significant difference (P Value= 0.001) reported between genders according to age group distribution without significant correlation between age group according to gender and IHA results (P Value= 0.268). Conclusion: the IHA consider rapid, reliable and adequate technique that make it possible to process a large number of samples simultaneously and that do not require highly trained technical personnel. Females appear to be more susceptible to CE than male especially in younger age groups. Key words: Indirect Haemagglutination, Hydatidosis, age, gender, Iraq
Ants as predators of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) applied for biological control of the olive moth, Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Portugal

The detrimental effect of predators on Trichogramma cacoeciae March. releases to control the olive moth, Prays oleae Bern. , in the Trás-os-Montes region (Northeast of Portugal), was evaluated during three releases against the flower generation of the pest in 2002. At 1 and 3 h and at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after each release, 30 Trichogramma releasing cards were examined in the field and predators were collected and identified. Furthermore, at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after each release, the percentage of egg predation on the cards was also determined. Formicidae were the most abundant group of predators at 99.1% of the total individuals collected. Ten species were identified, Camponotus aethiops, C. lateralis, C. piceus, C. truncatus, Crematogaster auberti, C. scutellaris, Lasius niger, Leptotorax angustulus, Plagiolephis pygmaea and Tapinoma nigerrimum. T. nigerrimum was the most abundant species, both in total numbers as well as in the number of occupied cards. One day after release, the percentage of predation was 24.0% in the first release, 59.4% in the second and 38.0% in the third. Three days after release, the percentage of predation varied from 60.2 to 83.4% during the three release events. Seven days after release, the percentage of predation increased to 97.8% of the total eggs on cards.
Exploring the decomposition of team design activity

Presented research explores the nature of teamwork activity in the conceptual design phase with an aim to unfold the patterns of team behaviour during execution of a specific design task. Teamwork activity process is observed as a sequence of analysis, synthesis and evaluation design operations applied to the problem and solution spaces. Design operations are used to represent abstract and fine-granularity steps of exploring and modifying the problem-solution space. Protocol study was conducted to investigate if teamwork activity can be decomposed into patterns of design operations and problem-solution alternation. Brainstorming sessions of two design teams were coded by employing an operation-based coding scheme. Protocol segmentation revealed the distribution of design operations and problem-solution related discussion, as well as the distribution of transitions between design operations. The emphasis is placed on the cycles of synthesis and analysis that appear within both problem and solution space, but also in-between the two spaces, thus indicating the co-evolution of the problem-solution space. These findings support and complement what has been reported in the literature.
Human Capital and Labor Productivity in Food Industries of Iran

Industries of Iran this paper examines the role of human capital on labour productivity in food industries of Iran over the 1995-2006 period. The study used the ratio of educated workers to total workers and the ratio of skilled workers to total workers as a proxy for human capital and applied the Cobb–Douglas production function of industry. The results showed that educated workers and skilled workers have a significant effect on labour productivity. The measurements of these effects were 0.14 and 0.42 for educated and skilled workers respectively. It can be concluded that education, skills and capital per worker (k=K/L) have a positive and significant effect on labour productivity in food industries of Iran.
Regional Innovation Systems: Current Discourse and Challenges for Future Research

In recent years, the concept of Regional Innovation Systems has evolved into a widely used analytical framework generating the empirical foundation for innovation policy making. Yet, the approaches utilizing this framework remain ambiguous on such key issues as the territorial dimension of innovation, e.g., the region, and the apparently important role played by Â“institutionsÂ” or the institutional context in the emergence and sustenance of regional innovation systems. This paper reviews and summarizes the most important ideas and arguments of the recent theorizing on regional innovation systems to provide the basis for a critical examination of such issues as (1) definition confusion and empirical validation; (2) the territorial dimension of regional innovation systems; and (3) the role of institutions. Key-words: Regional innovation systems, institutions, regions, research, policy JEL CODES: O31, R58
Energy losses in interacting fine-particle magnetic composites

The coercivity and energy losses in superparamagnetic (SPM) magnetite and FePt nanoparticle composites subjected to an external, alternating magnetic field have been calculated as a function of the mean particle size and packing density. The effect of interactions has been investigated by fitting the Sharrock law to the coercivity results as a function of the field cycle frequency of the magnetic field. This fitting leads to effective parameters for the anisotropy field and βeff = KV/kBT, which are themselves dependent on the interaction strength. The increase or decrease in the coercivity with interactions depends upon the relative change of and βeff, thus demonstrating the complex effect that interactions have in these nanoparticle composites. The interparticle interactions have a non-trivial effect on the energy loss per cycle. The energy loss is reduced for systems with larger particles since the reduction in coercivity together with a corresponding reduction in the remanence dominates. For small particle sizes, the energy loss is increased. The primary mechanism here seems to be an enhancement of the energy barrier due to interactions, which changes the nature of the particles from SPM to being thermally stable.
Prevalence of Group a Rotavirus before and after Vaccine Introduction in Mukuru Informal Settlement in Kenya

Background : Rotavirus vaccines have been shown to be a lifesaving and cost-effective public health intervention in Africa and have resulted in reduced rotavirus mortality. In Kenya, rotavirus diarrhea causes 19% of hospitalizations and 16% of clinic visits among children <5 years of age and causes 4471 deaths and 8,781 hospitalizations per year. Nationally, rotavirus disease costs the health care system $10.8 million annually. It is estimated that routine vaccination with a 2-dose rotavirus vaccination series would avert approximately 2,467 deaths (55%), 5,724 hospitalizations (65%), 852, 589 clinic visits (59%) and would save 58 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 1000 children annually. In July 2014, Kenya introduced rotavirus vaccine into its routine expanded programme immunisation, with two doses given at 6 and 10ths week of age.WHO recommend having surveillance studies before and after vaccine as baseline data and monitoring the possible effect after vaccine introductions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus in pre- and post-vaccine stool samples collected from children under five years, attending two selected clinics in Mukuru informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods : Archived samples collected during a Salmonella surveillance study (SSC No. 2074) conducted between July 2013 and July 2015 were used for this study. A total of 270 samples (150 pre-vaccine and 120 post-vaccine) were tested for rotavirus using ELISA Prospect kit (Oxoid Ltd UK) and data analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results : Rotavirus prevalence was 10% (15/150) and 5% (6/120) in pre-vaccine and post-vaccine samples respectively. There was significant difference in prevalence pre and post vaccine samples for children less than 12 months (P=0.014), 13-24 months (P=0.002) and over 49 months (P=0.01). However, there was no difference in prevalence for age categories 25-36 and 37- 48 months. Conclusion: This study showed a reduction in prevalence of Group A rotavirus in Mukuru selected clinics one year after vaccine introduction into National immunization program in Kenya. Rotavirus prevalence differed significantly for cases less than 12 months, 13-24 months and over 49 months pre and post vaccine introduction. However, there was no difference in prevalence for age category 25-36 and 37- 48 months thus the vaccine proved to have a significant protection in the most vulnerable group of children. Keywords: Rotavirus, Kenya, vaccine, pre-vaccine, post-vaccine, prevalence, Kenya.
Quantitative Detection of Cow Milk in Goat Milk Mixtures by Real-Time PCR

The objective of this study was to develop a fluorogenic real-time PCR-based assay for detecting and quantifying amounts of cow milk in cow/goat milk mixtures or goat milk products. In order to quantify the exact amount of cow milk in cow/goat raw milk mixtures and commercial goat milk products, it was necessary to achieve quantitative extraction of total genomic DNA from the raw milk matrix. Both mammalian-specific PCR and cow-specific PCR were performed. A cow-specific 252 bp band obtained from the raw cow milk and raw goat milk mixtures, commercial goat milk, and two goat milk powders was identified, along with the relationship between the cow milk amount and band intensity of the electrophoresis image. The detection threshold was found to be 0.1%. The expression of cow's 12S rRNA in the cow/goat milk mixtures, commercial goat milk, and two goat milk powders was identified. The expression quantity of the milk 12S rRNA increased with increasing ratios of the cow/goat milk mixtures. Using these calibrated relative expression levels as a standard curve in the cow/goat raw milk mixtures, the contents of cow milk were 1.8% in the commercial goat milk, 9.6% in goat milk powder A, and 11.6% in goat milk powder C. However, cow milk was not detected in goat milk powder B.
The Moderating Effect of Gender on the Relationships between Age, Ethical Leadership, and Organizational Commitment

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between principals’ ethical leadership behaviors and teachers’ organizational commitment levels according to teachers’ age and gender. The scales were administered to a sample of 403 primary school teachers (199 females, 204 males). A multi-group analysis was performed through Maximum Likelihood method by taking the correlation matrices and the means of male and female groups with normal scores for each group. Results showed both male and female teachers’ organizational commitment levels were positively influenced by their school principals’ ethical leadership behaviors. However, the female teachers’ commitment levels are more strongly influenced by ethical leadership behaviors. Also, the older male teachers have more negative perceptions on their principals’ ethical leadership behaviors than their younger counterparts.
Long-term interspecies association patterns of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, and Atlantic spotted dolphins, Stenella frontalis, in the Bahamas

With the exception of primates, detailed interspecies behavioral studies are rare in mammalian species and for cetaceans, most are anecdotal descriptions. This study is the first long-term study on interspecies associations of regularly interacting groups. In the Bahamas Atlantic bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) regularly form mixed species encounters (MSE). Both species show strong site fidelity with high resighting rates. During MSE, the majority (>65%) of spotted dolphins (especially males) were continually resighted; however bottlenose dolphins had comparatively low resighting rates (<17%). During MSE group size was significantly larger for spotted dolphins (13.0 � 11.0) than bottlenose dolphins (4.8 � 3.5) (F = 93.803, df = 1, P < 0.001). This difference was largest during aggressive encounters, due to the increased spotted dolphin group size (t-test, t = 4.75, df = 184, P < 0.0001), but no difference in bottlenose dolphin group size. Strong associations (greater than twice the community average) were primarily between male spotted dolphins. Male alliances were prevalent for spotted dolphins but rare for bottlenose dolphins. These species differences were also observed in lagged association rates. These results highlight the differences involved in alliance formation and function for regularly interacting sympatric species and reveal insights into possible ecological and social reasons for these group formations.