Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Event sustainability and sustainable transportation: a positive reciprocal influence

Abstract In addition to positive externalities, hallmark events can generate negative social and environmental effects, giving rise to significant sustainability issues. Thus, sustainability is often a necessary constraint to containing damage. The aim of this article is to investigate the existence and the extent of a positive reciprocal influence between event sustainability and sustainable transportation. On one hand, visitors using sustainable urban transportation can enhance events’ environmental and social sustainability, while on the other hand, sustainable events that urge attendees to use public transit can contribute to economic sustainability of a green means of transportation. A method to measure the extent of this positive mutual relationship has been proposed using the main hallmark events held in Perugia, Italy, and that city’s urban light rail transit (LRT) as a case study. Performing a statistical regression model, the additional LRT tickets sold due to these events are quantified, allowing us to estimate both the CO2 savings and the effect on the LRT costs and revenues. The results suggest that sustainability can be seen from a win–win perspective, demonstrating that sustainable events can offer a significant contribution towards the economic sustainability of transport modes with a low environmental and social impact.
Combined Effects of Capacity and Time on Fares: Insights from the Yield Management of a Low-Cost Airline

Abstract Based on two strands of theoretical research, this paper provides new evidence on how fares are jointly affected by in-flight seat availability and purchasing date. As capacity-based theories predict, it emerges that fares monotonically and substantially increase with flight occupancy. After controlling for capacity utilization, our analysis also supports time-based theories, indicating a U-shaped temporal profile over a two-month booking period, as well as a sharp increase in fares in the two weeks prior to departure.
Vertical and Horizontal Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment:  Evidence from Malaysian Manufacturing*

Given developing countries’ dependence on foreign direct investment (FDI) in manufacturing, it is important to assess the benefits that accompany FDI, given the cost of incentives that are used to attract foreign investments. We empirically analyze FDI spillover effects in Malaysia using unpublished establishment-level data, accounting for domestic firm size, the market orientation of local firms and foreign multinationals, and firm technology level and absorptive capacity. We find weak evidence of horizontal spillovers; backward and forward spillovers are negative in most cases. Because these results raise concerns about the technological capability of local firms, government policies on technology, human resource, education, and R&D should address this.
Intratemporal Substitution and Government Spending

In this paper, we examine the idea that a general model of consumption should allow for the direct effect of government expenditures in a two-good permanent-income model. We show, given an assumed preference specification, that there is a cointegration restriction implied by an intraperiod first-order condition of the model. This restriction leads to a linear deterministic cointegration relation between government spending, private consumption, and their relative price that is supported by the data. Using this restriction to recover the preference parameters, we estimate the intraperiod elasticity of substitution for both government and private consumption to be about 0.9. Overall, we find consistent empirical evidence in support of our model.
U.S. Investors' Emerging Market Equity Portfolios: A Security-Level Analysis

We analyze a unique data set and uncover a remarkable result that casts a new light on the home bias phenomenon. The data are comprehensive, security-level holdings of emerging market equities by U.S. investors. We document that at a point in time U.S. portfolios are tilted towards firms that are large, have fewer restrictions on foreign ownership, or are cross-listed on a U.S. exchange. The size of the cross-listing effect is striking. In contrast to the well-documented under-weighting of foreign stocks, emerging market equities that are cross-listed on a U.S. exchange are incorporated into U.S. portfolios at full international CAPM weights. Our results suggest that information asymmetries play an important role in equity home bias and that the benefits of international risk sharing are limited to select firms.
On Fundamentals and Exchange Rates: A Casselian Perspective

Using an expanded version of the purchasing-power-parity condition we construct simultaneous equation models for three key exchange rates which incorporate meaningful long-run equilibrium relationships and complex short-run dynamics. We show that fully dynamic out-of-sample forecasts from these models are capable of significantly outperforming those of a random walk model over horizons as short as 3 months, and that they are also more accurate than the vast majority of professional forecasts.
The Dance That Will Not Die: Refracting Imperial Whiteness through The Dying Swan

Michel Fokine’s 1905 ballet The Dying Swan continues to be performed across cultures and genres. Each new Dying Swan registers a particular racial experience of imperial power and privilege and a specific gendered relation to whiteness as an occupying force. Together, these dances illustrate the performance of white fragility as part of the imperial tradition.
Scrambling the Nest Egg: How Well Do Teachers Understand Their Pensions, and What Do They Think about Alternative Pension Structures?

In this article we focus on two questions: How well do teachers understand their current pension plans, and what do they think about alternative plan structures? The data come from administrative records and a 2006 survey of teachers in Washington State. The results suggest that Washington's teachers are fairly knowledgeable about their pensions, although new entrants and mid-career teachers appear to be less knowledgeable than veterans. As for teachers' preferences for plan structure, the survey suggests that when it comes to investing additional retirement savings, a plurality of teachers favor defined contribution plans that offer more portability and choice but also more risk than traditional defined benefit plans. Again, perhaps unsurprisingly, the findings suggest that, all else equal, teachers newer to the profession are more likely than veterans to favor a defined contribution structure.
Integrating Sticky Prices and Sticky Information

Understanding the relationship between nominal and real variables, most notably inflation and cyclical output, is one of the fundamental questions of economics. Toward this understanding, we develop a model that integrates sticky prices and sticky informationa dual-stickiness model. We find that both rigidities are present in U.S. data. We also show that the dual-stickiness model's closest competitor is the hybrid New Keynesian model. For both models, current inflation depends in part on last period's inflation. The former model achieves this dependence endogenously through the interaction of the two rigidities rather than through backward-looking behavior. U.S. data support the dual-stickiness model over the hybrid model because lagged expectations terms appear in the former's inflation Euler equation. Finally, we show that it is quantitatively important to distinguish between the two by simulating a dynamic equilibrium model under each of the two inflation equations.
Bridging the Arts and Sciences: A Framework for the Psychology of Aesthetics

The investigation of aesthetic processing has constituted a longstanding tradition in experimental psychology, of which experimental aesthetics is the second-oldest branch. The status of this psychology of aesthetics, the science of aesthetic processing, is briefly reviewed here. Building on this heritage and drawing on a host of related scientific disciplines, a framework for a strongly interdisciplinary psychology of aesthetics is proposed. It is argued that the topic can be fruitfully approached from at least seven different perspectives, each with multiple levels of analysis: diachronia, ipsichronia, mind, body, content, person and situation. Eventually, this work may coalesce into a unified theory of aesthetic processing.
Wholesale Late Merger in Ā-movement: Evidence from Preposition Stranding

To account for several asymmetries between A- and Ā-movement, Takahashi and Hulsey (2009) generalize the late merger option (Lebeaux 1988, Chomsky 1995) as wholesale late merger (WLM). In particular, allowing an NP to merge with a head D as late as (but no later than) its Case position explains why Ā but not A-movement displays Principle C reconstruction effects. In this article, I claim that WLM is also responsible for pervasive asymmetries within the class of Ā-extractions. The evidence comes from restrictions on English preposition stranding. I document a correlation between a preposition’s complementation properties and its ability to be stranded: prepositions that disallow pronominal complements can only be stranded by a subset of Ā-extractions. I argue that the extractions allowing pronoun-rejecting prepositions to be stranded disallow WLM, while those that disallow the stranding allow (and require) WLM.
On Seasonal Cycles, Unit Roots, and Mean Shifts

The interpretation of seasonality in terms of economic behavior depends on the form of the econometric time-series model that allows for a description of seasonality. Popular models often assume either approximate deterministic seasonality (cf. Miron (1996)) or stochastic trend seasonality (cf. Hylleberg (1994)). Inference from an inappropriate model can be shown to be invalid. Since much graphical evidence clearly suggests that seasonal fluctuations are not constant over time, we investigate whether the finding of seasonal unit roots can be due to neglected mean shifts. We provide relevant asymptotic theory and critical values for various test statistics. For a set of real gross domestic product series we find that much evidence for seasonal unit roots tends to disappear when a shift in the seasonal means is allowed. When we incorporate deterministic mean shifts in the deterministic seasonality model, we find that qualitative results on the presence of the so-called seasonal cycle documented in, for example, Miron and Beaulieu (1996) are robust.
An Ellipsis Approach to Contrastive Left-Dislocation

This article proposes a novel analysis of contrastive left-dislocation (CLD), according to which the left-dislocated XP is a remnant of clausal ellipsis. This analysis makes sense of the otherwise paradoxical fact that the dislocated XP shows connectivity into the clause it precedes, while other properties betray its clause-external status. The paradox is resolved by analyzing CLD as a juxtaposition of two parallel clauses, the first of which is reduced by deletion at PF. Akin to recent treatments of sluicing, fragment answers, split questions, and other phenomena, the analysis reduces CLD to an interplay of Ā-movement and ellipsis, thereby removing constructional residue from the theory of Universal Grammar.
Performance and/as History

The fiesta celebrated annually in Tepoztln, Mexico, repeatedly enacts a historyone that affirms a sense of identity and agency quite different from the one found in history books, allowing for the massive performance-of-communal-self year after year. Through this astonishing act, performed history trumps official written history and communal organizations stymie governmental structures.
A Model Humanitarian Intervention? Reassessing NATO's Libya Campaign

NATO's 2011 humanitarian military intervention in Libya has been hailed as a model for implementing the emerging norm of the responsibility to protect (R2P), on grounds that it prevented an impending bloodbath in Benghazi and facilitated the ouster of Libya's oppressive ruler, Muammar al-Qaddafi, who had targeted peaceful civilian protesters. Before the international community embraces such conclusions, however, a more rigorous assessment of the net humanitarian impact of NATO intervention in Libya is warranted. The conventional narrative is flawed in its portrayal of both the nature of the violence in Libya prior to the intervention and NATO's eventual objective of regime change. An examination of the course of violence in Libya before and after NATO's action shows that the intervention backfired. The intervention extended the war's duration about sixfold; increased its death toll approximately seven to ten times; and exacerbated human rights abuses, humanitarian suffering, Islamic radicalism, and weapons proliferation in Libya and its neighbors. If it is a “model intervention,” as senior NATO officials claim, it is a model of failure. Implementation of R2P must be reformed to address these unintended negative consequences and the dynamics underlying them. Only then will R2P be able to achieve its noble objectives.
Measuring the Level and Uncertainty of Trend Inflation

Abstract Firmly anchored inflation expectations are widely viewed as playing a central role for the conduct of monetary policy. This paper presents estimates of trend inflation, based on information contained in monthly data on realized inflation, survey expectations, and the term structure of interest rates. In order to assess whether inflation expectations are anchored, a timevarying volatility of trend shocks is estimated as well. While there is some commonality in inflation- and survey-based estimates of trend inflation, yield-based trend estimates embed a highly persistent component orthogonal to trend inflation. Trimmed-mean inflation rates and survey forecasts are most indicative of trend inflation.
Imaging Music: Abstract Expressionism and Free Improvisation

The author defines free improvisation, a form of music-making that first emerged in the 1960s with U.K. composers and groups such as Cardew, Bailey, AMM and the Spontaneous Music Ensemble. The approach here considers free improvisation as creative activity, encompassing its artistic agenda on the one hand and the process-based dynamic of its production on the other. After considering the historical location of free improvisation within Western music history, the article explores free improvisation as analogous with Abstract Expressionist art. This comparison enables a fuller understanding of the activity's conceptual basis and the creative process it engenders.
Perceptions of Corruption, Political Distrust, and the Weakening of Climate Policy

This article presents a theory of the relationship between public perceptions of political corruption and the strength of national climate change mitigation policies, which is then formally tested in a time-series-cross-section analysis of twenty industrialized democracies from 1990 to 2012. The analysis reveals that greater perceptions of corruption are highly and robustly associated with weaker climate policies—especially nonmarket policies—when controlling for relevant political and economic variables. A government perceived by citizens to be “mildly corrupt” but that transitions to “very clean” would be associated with strengthening nonmarket climate policies from levels in Greece to levels in Sweden or from levels in Poland to those in Denmark. Lax market-based climate policies are also significantly linked to greater perceived corruption, but notably, they are robustly associated with the size of domestic energy-intensive, trade-exposed industries, which have received substantial environmental tax exemptions and free allocations even in the greenest, high-trust, low-corruption democracies.
Would U.S. Leaders Push the Button? Wargames and the Sources of Nuclear Restraint

Abstract Why since 1945 have nuclear weapons not been used? Political scientists have cited five basic reasons: deterrence, practicality, precedent, reputation, and ethics. Scholars attempting to weight these factors face a dearth of empirical data. Declassified records of political-military wargames played by U.S. policymakers, however, open up new avenues for theory testing. An investigation of the willingness of U.S. “strategic elites”—experts with experience in diplomatic or military strategy—to use nuclear weapons in a sample of twenty-six political-military wargames reveals that elite players were reluctant to cross the nuclear threshold against both nuclear-armed and nonnuclear-armed adversaries. The only uses of nuclear weapons in the sample occurred in two wargames with nuclear adversaries. Players’ arguments for restraint in the wargames invoked reputational aversion: decisionmakers feared the opprobrium they would face if they used nuclear weapons. Wargame records also strongly support the power of deterrence and basic practicality—whether conventional weapons could accomplish the same goals—as reasons for widespread hesitation to use nuclear weapons. Precedent and ethical aversions to using nuclear weapons were less common. Finally, players also demonstrated some conformity to what they thought the president expected of them.
Šedivějící hodnoty? Aktivita jako dominantní způsob stárnutí

Prace se věnuje soucasným podobam starnuti v ceske spolecnosti a analýze vlivu věku na participaci. Populacni starnuti a proměny spolecnosti souvisejici s individualizaci a prosazovanim neoliberalni politiky vedou k tlaku na jedince, aby starnul aktivně. Cilem prace je explorovat, jake různe formy tato aktivita může nabývat, do jake miry jsou v těchto oblastech senioři zapojeni a jak, ci zda se jejich zapojeni lisi od mladsich lidi. V praci je sledovano, jak senioři participuji na různých sferach spolecnosti, a to jednak na urovni postojů a hodnot, a jednak na urovni skutecneho jednani. Tj. jsou senioři meně ci vice aktivni než mladsi lide a je možne tuto odlisnost vysvětlit pravě jejich starnutim (efekt věku), nebo jde spise o rozdilnost generacni/kohortni a musime pak ocekavat, že si mladsi kohorty zachovavaji podobnou miru participace, jako maji v soucasnosti? Cela prace je ramovana konceptem aktivniho starnuti, který je v soucasnosti dominantnim diskurzem starnuti. Vychazime z původni definice Světove zdravotnicke organizace, ktera aktivni starnuti chape jako celoživotni proces a zdůrazňuje význam participace na vsech sferach spolecnosti. Upozorňujeme vsak i na znacnou normativnost konceptu.
Confronting Consumption

In affluent societies, evidence suggests that public concern and activism about the consumption problem is growing in many corners of everyday lifeeven in the paragon of the consumer society, the United States. These emerging concerns have an environmental dimension, but also embrace issues of community, work, meaning, freedom, and the overall quality of life. Yet the efforts of individuals, groups, and communities to confront consumption find little guidance or sympathy in policy-making, environmental, or academic circlesarenas dominated, perhaps as never before, by a deeply seated economistic reasoning and a politics of the sanctity of growth. Given our dissatisfaction with fragmentary approaches to consumption and its externalities, we highlight the elements of a provisional framework for confronting consumption in a more integrated fashion. We stress in particular the social embeddedness of consumption, the material and power-based linkages along commodity chains of resource use, and the hidden forms of consumption embedded in all stages of economic activity.
Nonparametric Demand Analysis of U.K. Personal Sector Decisions on Consumption, Leisure, and Monetary Assets: A Reappraisal

This paper utilizes a new data set to test for utility maximizing behavior and weakly separable subutility functions in the context of a utility function comprising durables, nondurables, services, leisure, and monetary asset holdings for the U.K. personal sector. All the data sets analyzed demonstrated consistency with respect to utility maximizing behavior. The weak separability results prove to be relatively invariant to the degree of aggregation over goods but highly sensitive to the assump-tion made regarding the representative consumer. Per-household scaling of the data produced a utility function that is weakly separable in goods, services and leisure, and in monetary assets.
Regional Convergence: Evidence from a New State-by-State Capital Stock Series

This paper seeks to reconcile the growth empirics technique of Mankiw, Romer, and Weil (1992) with the empirical results of Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1991) through the development of a new database covering the 1977-96 period. We create state-by-state capital stock and gross investment estimates by apportioning the national capital stock among the states. Using these estimates along with gross state product and employment data, we find evidence that the Solow growth model explains state-wide growth during this period. We consistently find a rate of convergence of around 2. Our results, as a consequence, suggest that the empirical results of Barro and Sala--Martin are driven by the neoclassical growth process of Solow.
The Effect of Foreign Acquisitions on Total Factor Productivity: Plant-Level Evidence from U.K. Manufacturing, 19871992

This paper compares the performance of U.K. plants that were acquired by the foreign-owned sector during 1987-1992 with other comparable subgroups of plants operating at the same time (including plants acquired by U.K.-owned companies). The principal aim is to consider the types of plants that were acquired and whether after acquisition they performed above or below average when compared to other manufacturing plants. The results show that foreign-owned enterprises acquired the most-productive plants previously operated by U.K. enterprises. After acquisition, there is some evidence that productivity declined, which would be consistent with difficulties associated with assimilating these established plants into the new organization.
On Minimalist Approaches to the Locality of Movement

Several distinct approaches to the locality of movement have emerged within the Minimalist Program, but little attention has been paid to their formal and empirical differences. I examine a range of possible locality constraints on movement that are representative of current approaches. I expose some important formal differences among these alternatives and examine five phenomena, some previously unnoted, that distinguish them empirically. No single approach succeeds in capturing all of the facts that should arguably follow from a theory of locality, but the bulk of the evidence seems to support a theory that defines locality using only simple and independently motivated syntactic objects and relations.
Improving Topic Models with Latent Feature Word Representations

Probabilistic topic models are widely used to discover latent topics in document collections, while latent feature vector representations of words have been used to obtain high performance in many NLP tasks. In this paper, we extend two different Dirichlet multinomial topic models by incorporating latent feature vector representations of words trained on very large corpora to improve the word-topic mapping learnt on a smaller corpus. Experimental results show that by using information from the external corpora, our new models produce significant improvements on topic coherence, document clustering and document classification tasks, especially on datasets with few or short documents.
Ellipsis Sites as Definite Descriptions

This article analyzes three phenomena that are troublesome for some theories of ellipsis: the existence of sloppy readings when the relevant pronouns cannot possibly be bound; cases where the antecedent of ellipsis does itself contain an ellipsis site, but in resolving the larger ellipsis the interpretation understood at the ellipsis site in the antecedent is not used; and cases where an ellipsis site draws upon material from two or more separate antecedents. These cases are accounted for by an analysis of silent VPs and NPs that makes them into higher-order definite descriptions that can be bound into.