Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LATE NEOPROTEROZOIC TO EARLIEST PALEOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE AVALON ZONE IN THE BONAVISTA PENINSULA, NEWFOUNDLAND: AN UPDATE

Recent regional mapping and stratigraphic studies of the eastern Bonavista Peninsula, together with the discovery of a diverse suite of Ediacaran fossils near Catalina, have confirmed the correlation of the Late Proterozoic succession east of the newly defined Spillars Cove–English Harbour fault zone with parts of the Conception, St. John’s and Signal Hill groups. This regional tectonic boundary delimits the western extent of these three groups in the Avalon Zone and the eastern extent of the Musgravetown Group on the Bonavista Peninsula. Despite some differences in facies development, there is pronounced similarity between late Neoproterozoic lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Bonavista Peninsula east of the Spillars Cove–English Harbour fault zone and that of the western Conception Bay and southern shore regions of the Avalon Peninsula. Mapping in the area west of the fault zone has corroborated and further refined the authors’ previously published facies subdivision of the Musgravetown Group, and has necessitated expansion of that group to include a distinctive, siliceous sedimentary facies previously considered as possible Conception Group. Work on fossiliferous Cambrian and adjacent latest Neoproterozoic rocks in the northwestern Bonavista Peninsula has demonstrated the conformable and broadly gradational nature of the Random Formation–upper Musgravetown Group contact, the lack of angular discordance at the base of the overlying fossiliferous Cambrian shale succession, and the existence of similar styles of sediment-hosted stratiform copper mineralization in Early Cambrian and late Neoproterozoic rocks above and below the Random Formation.
CFD study on the performance of oxygen lance of partial combustion unit at direct reduction plant

Direct Reduction Plant (DRP) is one of the most important components in iron and steel making process. The performance of the DRP is very much dependent upon the heat generation by the partial oxidation process to remove oxides inside the iron ore; which the process takes place at the Partial Combustion Unit (PCU). This unit is located between the process gas heater and the oxides removal reactor. The unit consist of a transfer line, and two oxygen lances with nozzle attached to each of the lances. Turbulence flow can help the unit achieve higher operating temperature. Of course the performance of the PCU can be assessed experimentally but that require expensive experimental setup. Alternatively, the same study can be performed via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) at lower cost. This study aims to increase the performance of the PCU by evaluating the various designs by mean CFD. Two different lances design were evaluated in this work along with variation in operation configuration. The modelling of turbulence flow were realised via k-e model whereas the combustion process were modelled using the species transport with eddy dissipation model. Predictions from CFD model were found to be in good agreement about 10% difference to the experimental data obtained from experimental work. This study also reveal an improvement opportunity of the PCU design as much higher temperature are achievable when wings attached to the lances to induce turbulence flow. This modelling exercise has demonstrated a cost effective route of design optimisation for PCU and hence should be used as tool for troubleshooting a design in future.
Fiscal consolidation and inequality: an empirical analysis

Many countries have gained experience with fiscal consolidation programmes in the past two or three decades. Analysis of the determinants of the success or failure of fiscal consolidation has also been high on the agenda of many researchers since seminal work by Giavazzi and Pagano (1990) and Alesina and Perotti (1995). The range of existing studies is extremely wide. Whereas some studies focus on individual countries or fiscal episodes (e.g. Giavazzi and Pagano, 1990; Perotti, 2011), most studies have a crosscountry or panel setup. As dependent variable, a very large number of studies try to explain the probability of success in debt or deficit reduction (e.g. McDermott and Wescott, 1996; Alesina and Ardagna, 1998; Ardagna, 2004; Guichard et al., 2007; Schaltegger and Feld, 2009; Tagkalakis, 2009; Afonso and Jalles, 2012; Larch and Turrini, 2011). Others focus on the evolution of economic growth, private consumption, or private investment during and after consolidation periods (e.g. Giavazzi and Pagano, 1996; Hjelm, 2002; Alesina et al., 2002; Ardagna, 2004; IMF, 2010a; Alesina and Ardana, 2012).
Lower bound of Riesz transform kernels revisited and commutators on stratified Lie groups

Let $\mathcal G$ be a stratified Lie group and $\{\X_j\}_{1 \leq j \leq n}$ a basis for the left-invariant vector fields of degree one on $\mathcal G$. Let $\Delta = \sum_{j = 1}^n \X_j^2 $ be the sub-Laplacian on $\mathcal G$ and the $j^{\mathrm{th}}$ Riesz transform on $\mathcal G$ is defined by $R_j:= \X_j (-\Delta)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$, $1 \leq j \leq n$. In this paper we give a new version of the lower bound of the kernels of Riesz transform $R_j$ and then establish the Bloom-type two weight estimates as well as a number of endpoint characterisations for the commutators of the Riesz transforms and BMO functions, including the $L\log^+L(\mathcal G)$ to weak $L^1(\mathcal G)$, $H^1(\mathcal G)$ to $L^1(\mathcal G)$ and $L^\infty(\mathcal G)$ to BMO$(\mathcal G)$. Moreover, we also study the behaviour of the Riesz transform kernel on a special case of stratified Lie group: the Heisenberg group, and then we obtain the weak type $(1,1)$ characterisations for the Riesz commutators.
Morphological and Anatomical Variations in Rheophytic Ecotype of Violet, Viola mandshurica var. ikedaeana (Violaceae)

We compared the leaf morphology and anatomy of the putative rheophytic ecotype of Viola mandshurica W. Becker var. ikedaeana (W. Becker ex Taken.) F. Maek. and its closely related variety, V. mandshurica var. mandshurica. We showed that the leaf of the rheophytic ecotype of V. mandshurica var. ikedaeana was narrower than that of V. mandshurica var. mandshurica. Moreover, the leaf thickness and guard cell size of the rheophytic ecotype of V. mandshurica var. ikedaeana were significantly larger than those of V. mandshurica var. mandshurica. We further showed that leaves of the rheophytic ecotype of V. mandshurica var. ikedaeana contained fewer cells than did those of V. mandshurica var. mandshurica. Our results suggest that the narrower leaves of V. mandshurica var. ikedaeana are caused by a decrease in the number of cells. A narrower leaf may enable the rheophytic ecotype of V. mandshurica var. ikedaeana to resist the strong flow of water that occurs after heavy rainfall, while a thicker leaf may enhance tolerance to desiccation and high- intensity light.
L183 (=L134N) revisited

We report new 1.2 mm continuum observations of the L183 (=L134N) dark cloud with the MAMBO bolometer array at IRAM. Combined with ISOCAM and ISOPHOT data at 7 and 200 μ m, this new observation is not compatible with the results found by Ward-Thompson et al. (1994) with SCUBA and further analysed by Lehtinen et al. (2003) using ISOPHOT data. Only one bright core, with a northern elongation (the ridge) is detected. We show that this core has an average temperature $T \approx 7.6~{\rm K} \pm0.5$ K which is one of the coldest temperatures reported so far.
Comparison of the power-2 limb-darkening law from the STAGGER-grid to Kepler light curves of transiting exoplanets

Context. Inaccurate limb-darkening models can be a significant source of error in the analysis of the light curves for transiting exoplanet and eclipsing binary star systems, particularly for high-precision light curves at optical wavelengths. The power-2 limb-darkening law, Iλ(µ) = 1 − c(1−µα), has recently been proposed as a good compromise between complexity and precision in the treatment of limb-darkening. Aims. My aim is to develop a practical implementation of the power-2 limb-darkening law and to quantify the accuracy of this implementation. Methods. I have used synthetic spectra based on the 3D stellar atmosphere models from the STAGGER-grid to compute the limb-darkening for several passbands (UBVRI, CHEOPS, TESS, Kepler, etc.). The parameters of the power-2 limb-darkening laws are optimized using a least-squares fit to a simulated light curve computed directly from the tabulated Iλ(μ) values. I use the transformed parameters h1 = 1 − c(1 − 2−α) and h2 = c2−α to directly compare these optimized limb-darkening parameters to the limb darkening measured from Kepler light curves of 16 transiting exoplanet systems. Results. The posterior probability distributions (PPDs) of the transformed parameters h1 and h2 resulting from the light curve analysis are found to be much less strongly correlated than the PPDs for c and α. The agreement between the computed and observed values of (h1, h2) is generally very good but there are significant differences between the observed and computed values for Kepler-17, the only star in the sample that shows significant variability between the eclipses due to magnetic activity (star spots). Conclusions. The tabulation of h1 and h2 provided here can be used to accurately model the light curves of transiting exoplanets. I also provide estimates of the priors that should be applied to transformed parameters h1 and h2 based on my analysis of the Kepler light curves of 16 stars with transiting exoplanets.
On the Distributional Implications of Demographic Change

This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the impact of future demographic change on the distributions of earnings and skills in the German economy. The model accommodates household heterogeneity along both, the intra- and the inter-generational dimension. The results suggest a decline in the skill premium of 30 percentage points until the year 2050 meanwhile, the college educated share of the population increases by about 4 percentage points. Welfare effects from changing wages, interests, and pensions are severe and amount to up to 6% of consumption in every period of the remaining lifetime. While welfare effects differ considerably across generations they are rather homogeneous across skill groups unless the educational choice of households is restricted.
Portfolio Formation, Measurement Errors, and Beta Shifts: A Random Sampling Approach?

This article demonstrates that the portfolio approach could suffer a serious problem when the sorting variables contain not only true values but also measurement errors. The grouped measurement errors will be embedded into the data used to test financial models and further bias the testing results. To correct for this measurement-error problem, I develop a random sampling approach to form portfolios. Results from this new methodology are unbiased and robust. By applying this methodology to investigate beta shifts, I show that the previous results about beta shifts are driven by measurement errors. The actual beta shift pattern is more complicated than that predicted by previous studies. The risk shift hypothesis is unlikely to explain the mean-reversion puzzle for stock returns.
Airborne dual-Doppler radar observations of horizontal velocity fields in growing cumulus

In this paper, we concentrate on the kinematic aspects of summer continental cumuli, extending the view offered in Damiani et al. (2005) (henceforth DVH05), where a conceptual model of shallow to mid-size cumulus growth, based on airborne vertical plane dual-Doppler observations and in situ records, is described. In DVH05, the authors portray the clouds, in their formative stages, as the result of multi-thermal or multi-bubble entities forming and intruding the clouds. The pulsating nature of clouds influences both the spatial arrangement of updrafts and downdrafts as well as the hydrometeor spatial distribution. A vortex-ring type of motion was detected in the thermals. This mechanics has a number of consequences from the purely fluid-dynamical aspects of the evolution and lifespan of the bubble, to an increased residence time of the small droplets carried aloft by the updraft, from ambient air entrapment at the base of the thermal, to the recycling of precipitation-size hydrometeors from the sides into the thermal core with implications on the precipitation generation rate. This emerging picture is in agreement with the studies and models proposed by Blyth et al. (1988); Blyth (1993); Carpenter et al. (1998); Zhao and Austin (2005) and tank experiment results by Scorer and Ludlam (1953); Scorer (1957); Woodward (1959); Sanchez et al. (1989); Johari (1992); Morton (1997), and provides further clarifications. In this paper, kinematic patterns and vortical structures in horizontal planes are discussed in an effort to complete the above model of cumulus growth, tying them to those in vertical planes. Horizontal air motion in shallow cumulus convection has received little attention from meteorologists, even though its importance may be evinced from fine-scale observations (e.g., DVH05). Because it influences the lifetime and evolution of the clouds, and it affects the cloud microphysics via entrainment processes, the horizontal motion field plays a relevant role within shallow cumulus convection. The main hurdle in its study has been the lack of appropriate observational tools. For this study, we employed the high-spatial resolution, sensitivity, mobility and dual-Doppler capabilities of the Wyoming Cloud Radar (WCR): a 3.2 mm wavelength (95 GHz) Doppler radar mounted on the University of Wyoming KingAir research aircraft (UWKA) (Pazmany et al. 1994; Damiani and Haimov 2005a). The four available radar antennas provide for the capability of switching between different dual-beam configurations; among those, two allow for the 2-D velocity field retrieval from the analysis of two independent radial velocity components. In this study, the HBDD (Horizontal Beam dual-
Employees’ intrapreneurial engagement initiatives and its influence on organisational survival

Employee intrapreneurial engagement is considered to be one of the fundamental initiatives that can help organisations to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the midst of economic hardship and stiff competition particularly in a volatile and competitive business environment. The main objective of this study is to examine how employees’ intrapreneurial engagement initiatives would influence organisational survival. Few studies analyse how employee intrapreneurial engagement may foster organisational survival. In order to bridge this gap, we conducted a survey with three main manufacturing companies in Nigeria. A descriptive research method (Structural Equation Model (AMOS 22)) was applied to analyse the two hundred and fifty-nine (259) copies of valid questionnaire completed by the respondents using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. However, the study indicated that fostering employees’ intrapreneurial engagement have positive significant implications on organisational survival. This suggests that employees’ empowerment, involvement, autonomy, relationships and reward system have significant effects on organisational survival. It is therefore recommended that organisations should challenge their employees by providing them with autonomy and the freedom to innovate and carve out spaces for them to take risks and experiment. The insights discovered from this study would help to facilitate stakeholders to develop or foster employee intrapreneurial engagement and strong institutional strategies to ensure organisational survival.
School Meals, Educational Achievement, and School Competition: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation

This paper examines the effects of subsidized school meals on school participation, educational achievement, and school finance in a developing country setting. The paper uses data from a program that was implemented in 25 randomly chosen preschools in a pool of 50. Children's school participation was 30 percent higher in the treatment group than in the comparison group. The meals program led to higher curriculum test scores, but only in schools where the teacher was relatively experienced prior to the program. The school meals displaced teaching time and led to larger class sizes. Despite improved incentives, teacher absenteeism remained at a high level of 30 percent. Treatment schools raised their fees, and comparison schools close to treatment schools decreased their fees. Some of the price effects are due to a combination of capacity constraints and pupil transfers that would not happen if the school meals were offered in all schools. The intention-to-treat estimator of the effect of the randomized program incorporates those price effects, and therefore it should be considered a lower bound on the effect of generalized school meals. This insight on price effects generalizes to other randomized program evaluations.
Toxicoloical and Biological Studies of Some Pesticidal Formulations against Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2 Abstract: In the present study, newly hatched larvae laboratory strain of Pectinophora gossypiella, were treated with estimated LC values of Methomyl, Pyridalyl, Teflubenzuron and Verticillium lecanii 80% at 50 concentration of 0.543, 698.11,61.859 and 0.2254 ppm respectively, to study their effects on duration of larval, pupal, total immature stages, longevity, fecundity and fertility of the resulting adults. The three tested compounds ( Methomyl, Teflubenzuron and V. lecanii) prolonged the larval duration by 18.81, 25.87 and 18.41 days/larvae, respectively, oppose to 15.10 days in control. Also, the aforementioned compounds increased the pupal period and the duration of total immature stages especially in case of the treatment with Teflubenzuron the period increased 2 times than control. In addition, the tested compounds caused considerable increase in female pre-ovipostion and post oviposition periods. The Methomyl and V. lecanii were significantly affected the oviposition period as it was shortened to 6.10 days and 10.6 days, respectively, while, in case of Pyridalyl and teflubenzuron prolonged it to 20.8 and 14.16 days, respectively, compared to 14.8 days for control. Also, the results obtained indicated reduction in the fecundity of the female and the percentage of hatchability.
Incipient anodes in reinforced concrete repairs: A cause or a consequence?

Patch repairs are a common repair technique for corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete structures. However, this repair method is sometimes associated with limited durability and in many cases further corrosion damage has been noted around the repaired patches, a phenomenon known as the “incipient anode” effect. The diagnosis of this problem is widely reported to be macrocell activity. It is deemed that the cause of incipient anodes is the loss of the natural cathodic protection provided by the corroding steel to the steel in the parent concrete adjacent to the patch repair. This diagnosis is based on very limited data. Indeed potential measurements on field structures repaired with proprietary materials have provided data that suggest that macrocell activity is not a cause of incipient anode formation but it is a consequence. Alternative mechanisms that may cause incipient anode activity include repair/parent material interface effects, residual chloride contamination within the parent concrete, and/or vibration damage to the steel/parent concrete interface during repair area preparation. The aim of the work presented here was to assess the impact of macrocell activity on the formation of incipient anodes around the perimeter of repairs in patch-repaired reinforced concrete structures. This was examined based on a major multi-storey car park and a bridge structure both located in the UK. The analysis challenges the view that macrocell activity is a cause of incipient anode formation. Indeed this work shows that the data supporting the existing diagnosis is not convincing and suggests that macrocell activity is primarily a consequence of incipient anode formation and the cause probably, results from other factors.
Enforcement against wildlife crimes in West Malaysia: the challenges

This paper investigates challenges facing the enforcement of wildlife conservation law in West Malaysia. The study used information stemming from desk-based research and interviews with key informants from wildlife enforcement agencies as well as several environmental NGOs. The interviews were carried out using semi-structured questions to examine key informants’ views about the main challenges hampering the effective enforcement of wildlife conservation law in the region. The study revealed that all interviewees concur that insufficient institutional capacity in terms of manpower, skills and equipment is the main challenge to wildlife enforcement. Other major challenges were public cooperation as well as inter-agency cooperation and coordination. Apart from that, respondents from NGOs perceived lack of political-will as another major challenge facing the enforcement of wildlife conservation law, though no mention of this was made by the enforcement agencies. The study provides practical insights into some aspects of the enforcement challenges of wildlife conservation in West Malaysia. These insights may help decision-makers at the local and national levels to consider some measures to overcome the challenges faced by the wildlife enforcement agencies to ensure better wildlife conservation in general.
GENDER AND THE INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF ENTREPRENEURS: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS

Using a multilevel analysis, we explore the gender—innovation activity relationship. We investigate founder education, inter-firm network ties, and firm regional location as mediators using a sample of 4,265 new Korean firms. Results show that male founders, compared to female, are more likely to complete engineering or natural science degrees, maintain heterogeneous inter-firm network ties, and locate firms in clustered regions. Further, engineering or natural science degrees, heterogeneous inter-firm network ties, and locating in clustered regions are positively associated with innovation activity. We find evidence that each of these multilevel constructs mediate the relationship between entrepreneur gender and innovation activity.