Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acceptance of Food Technologies, Perceived Values and Consumers’ Expectations towards Bread. A Survey among Polish Sample

The aims of the study were to identify the perceptions about the technologies that are used to increase the nutritional value of cereal products, and to evaluate relations between consumers’ perceptions of them, expected changes to bread, and the perceived values. Quantitative data was collected through computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI) within a sample of 1000 Polish adults. Clustering method was used to identify homogeneous groups based on opinions on the technologies used in the production of cereals and cereal products. Neutral attitudes towards technologies were presented in the sample with relatively greater acceptance of traditional crossbreeding of varieties and enrichment processes. Nevertheless, three homogeneous clusters were identified: technological sceptics (33.6%), technological traditionalists (15.0%) and technological enthusiasts (51.4%). Technological traditionalists appreciated the naturalness of food, tradition, natural environment, quality of life and health more than the other clusters. Perceiving themselves as a person valuing tradition and quality of life was associated with belonging to the technological sceptics. Both sceptics and traditionalists declared greater fears resulting from the application of new technologies in food production, including threats to the environment, health, naturalness of food and quality of life. Technological enthusiasts were anticipating more changes in bread. The differences among the clusters, including perceived values, require communication that is adapted to the profile of the consumers. The results can be useful for bread manufacturers to predict the demand and deliver against it and for marketers who are responsible for the process of effective product labelling and communication in order to meet the consumer needs.
The Discursive Hierarchical Patterning in Accounting Cases

This study examines the genre of accounting cases in academic contexts. It is an attempt to extend Lung’s (2008) model of discursive hierarchical patterning of case analysis to a study of accounting cases and to propose a model of discursive hierarchical patterning of cases in Accounting. It examines (1) the kind of information the generic moves in accounting cases call for; (2) how these moves are embedded in a discursive pattern; and (3) how these individual discursive patterns are organized in a hierarchy and how this discursive hierarchical patterning can be explained by the essential nature inherent in Accounting. The study examines a corpus of 150 accounting cases with the focus on uncovering the patterns of discourse construction. The implication of the study is there is a need to make the knowledge of accounting discourse more explicit, helping students recognize that there is such information as discursive hierarchical patterning on a cognitive level. To raise students’ awareness, this paper suggests using direct teaching by adopting the model of discursive hierarchical patterning of accounting cases (Accounting DHP) to teach the characteristics of accounting discourse. This, in turn, may help students transform disciplinary knowledge and discourse conventions into meaningful dialogues with the evolving knowledge in the discipline.
Further Documentation of Remote Effects of Electrical Injuries, With Comments on the Place of Neuropsychological Testing and Functional Scanning

It is not always recognized that morbidity from electrical injury is not confined to effects in the pathway of current flow. Indeed a major element of the disability suffered by victims occur from effects remote to the line of current passage. Recent papers have rightly drawn further attention to this, and it is an active area of controversy and research. This paper documents the authors experience in this area and confirms the recognizable elements of remote injuries which are seen to be generally psychological in nature. The question of mechanisms of causation of these disabilities is raised. This paper then presents summary results of a collation of neuropsychological investigations and functional cerebral scanning in an attempt to correlate the two. It is concluded that it is possible to overlook the remote effects of electrical injury to the detriment of victims
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) 4F Binding to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) 3′-Untranslated Region Correlates with Translation Efficiency*

Background: Little is known about BYDV protein synthesis initiation mechanisms. Results: eIF4F binding correlates with 3′ BTE translation efficiency and is enthalpically and entropically favorable. Conclusion: Binding of eIF4F to the 3′ BTE is important for efficient BYDV translation. Significance: Binding of eIF4F to the 3′-UTR to initiate assembly of the protein synthesis initiation complex is a novel mechanism that may be used by other viruses containing a 3′ BTE. Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F binding to mRNA is the first committed step in cap-dependent protein synthesis. Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) employs a cap-independent mechanism of translation initiation that is mediated by a structural BYDV translation element (BTE) located in the 3′-UTR of its mRNA. eIF4F bound the BTE and a translationally inactive mutant with high affinity, thus questioning the role of eIF4F in translation of BYDV. To examine the effects of eIF4F in BYDV translation initiation, BTE mutants with widely different in vitro translation efficiencies ranging from 5 to 164% compared with WT were studied. Using fluorescence anisotropy to obtain quantitative data, we show 1) the equilibrium binding affinity (complex stability) correlated well with translation efficiency, whereas the “on” rate of binding did not; 2) other unidentified proteins or small molecules in wheat germ extract prevented eIF4F binding to mutant BTE but not WT BTE; 3) BTE mutant-eIF4F interactions were found to be both enthalpically and entropically favorable with an enthalpic contribution of 52–90% to ΔG° at 25 °C, suggesting that hydrogen bonding contributes to stability; and 4) in contrast to cap-dependent and tobacco etch virus internal ribosome entry site interaction with eIF4F, poly(A)-binding protein did not increase eIF4F binding. Further, the eIF4F bound to the 3′ BTE with higher affinity than for either m7G cap or tobacco etch virus internal ribosome entry site, suggesting that the 3′ BTE may play a role in sequestering host cell initiation factors and possibly regulating the switch from replication to translation.
Sexual Identity Distress, Social Support, and the Health of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth

SUMMARY Sex researchers and mental health clinicians have long recognized that the stigma surrounding homosexuality plays an important role in shaping the social psychological adjustment of gay, lesbian, and bisexual (g/l/b) people. In recent years, researchers have suggested that sexual identity-related distress may influence the physical health status of g/l/b people, primarily because of the ways these self-related feelings and beliefs impact patterns of health-related behavior. This study examines the influence of sexual identity distress and social support on g/l/b youth's drug and alcohol use, psychological distress, and risky sexual behavior. The data come from a services research demonstration program conducted at the Indiana Youth Group, Inc., a g/l/b youth development agency based in Indianapolis, Indiana. Results indicate that sexual identity distress is strongly associated with psychological distress, less frequent use of alcohol, and using fewer types of illegal drugs. Being out to more people in one's support network, however, attenuates the severity of youth's sexual identity-related distress. Youth who report more support ties to g/l/b people indicate engaging in more frequent risky sexual behavior. The implications of these findings for theories of g/l/b youth's sexual identity development are discussed.
Olfactory event-related potentials in Alzheimer's disease

Areas of the brain affected in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease are also areas heavily involved in the processing of olfactory information. Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and auditory ERPs were recorded from the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrode sites in 12 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 12 age and gender matched normal controls (NC) in a single-stimulus paradigm with a 45 s inter-trial interval, using amyl acetate as the olfactory stimulus, and in a separate session a 500 Hz tone as the auditory stimulus. Odor identification (ID) was also used to assess ability to identify odors. The results indicate that (1) OERP P2 and P3 latencies were significantly longer in AD patients than normal controls; (2) olfactory ERP latency measures correlated significantly with dementia status as measured by the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), indicating that as participants performed more poorly on the DRS, reflecting increased dementia, OERP latencies increased; (3) olfactory ERP latency measures better differentiated AD patients from normal controls than auditory ERP latency measures; (4) olfactory ERP measures alone correctly classified up to 92% of participants; (5) odor ID measures, namely the UPSIT and San Diego-Odor-ID tests also classified participants at a high rate. Combining scores for odor identification with olfactory P3 latency measures resulted in a correct classification rate of 100%. The results strongly support the use of olfactory measures in the assessment of AD. (JINS, 2002, 8, 753–763.)
[Prediction models for the 15 years risk of new-onset hypertension in Chinese people aged from 35 to 64 years old].

OBJECTIVE To set up prediction models for the risk of new-onset hypertension in Chinese people and explore the risk scores to facilitate the clinical application. METHODS A cohort set up since 1992 with participants aged 35-64 years old from 11 provinces and cities of China was prospectively studied. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of hypertension within 15 years and the prediction models and risk scores were developed with the regression coefficient. The performance of the prediction models were tested and compared with the Framingham model. RESULTS A total of 3 899 participants free from hypertension at baseline with 15 years follow-up were enrolled in the study. Within 15 years, 1 776 cases of incident hypertension were ascertained with a incidence rate of 45.6%. Two prediction models were set up with age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI and the history of parental hypertension in the Model 1, while TG and HDL-C added on the basis of Model 1 in the Model 2. Good performance of discrimination and calibration was established in both models with significant difference in C statistics and no significant difference in net reclassification improvement (NRI) index. CONCLUSION The hypertension risk prediction models can be used to estimate an individual's absolute risk for hypertension and could facilitate the management of potential hypertension patients.
Individual‐Level Ambidexterity and Entrepreneurial Entry

This study examines the organizational drivers of entrepreneurial entry through the lens of individual‐level ambidexterity. We theorize that employees that both explore and exploit new activities within organizations are more likely to become entrepreneurs outside the organization. Multilevel analysis results from a large sample of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey data support this hypothesis. This study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by highlighting the role of individuals' prior ambidexterity experiences in organizations as foundational building blocks of entrepreneurial entry. The study links entrepreneurship and ambidexterity theories with evidence that an individual's ambidexterity and entrepreneurial activities are related.
Thermodynamics and signatures of criticality in a network of neurons

Significance The activity of a brain—or even a small region of a brain devoted to a particular task—cannot be just the summed activity of many independent neurons. Here we use methods from statistical physics to describe the collective activity in the retina as it responds to complex inputs such as those encountered in the natural environment. We find that the distribution of messages that the retina sends to the brain is very special, mathematically equivalent to the behavior of a material near a critical point in its phase diagram. The activity of a neural network is defined by patterns of spiking and silence from the individual neurons. Because spikes are (relatively) sparse, patterns of activity with increasing numbers of spikes are less probable, but, with more spikes, the number of possible patterns increases. This tradeoff between probability and numerosity is mathematically equivalent to the relationship between entropy and energy in statistical physics. We construct this relationship for populations of up to N = 160 neurons in a small patch of the vertebrate retina, using a combination of direct and model-based analyses of experiments on the response of this network to naturalistic movies. We see signs of a thermodynamic limit, where the entropy per neuron approaches a smooth function of the energy per neuron as N increases. The form of this function corresponds to the distribution of activity being poised near an unusual kind of critical point. We suggest further tests of criticality, and give a brief discussion of its functional significance.
The Quantification of Structural Reforms: Extending the Framework to Emerging Market Economies

This paper estimates and quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income for a large set of OECD and non-OECD countries. The findings suggest that the quality of institutions matters to a large extent for economic outcomes. More competition-friendly regulations, as measured by the OECDs’ Product Market Regulation (PMR) indicator improve economic outcomes. Lower barriers to foreign trade and investment help MFP. Lower barriers to entry and less pervasive state control of businesses boost the capital stock and the employment rate. No robust link between labour market regulation and MFP and capital deepening could be established. But looser labour market regulation is found to go hand in hand with higher employment rates. The paper shows that countries at different level of economic development face different policy impacts. Furthermore, PMR effects depend on the level of labour market regulations.
Diversification in Monkeyflowers: An Investigation of the Effects of Elevation and Floral Color in the Genus Mimulus

The vast diversity of floral colours in many flowering plant families, paired with the observation of preferences among pollinators, suggests that floral colour may be involved in the process of speciation in flowering plants. While transitions in floral colour have been examined in numerous genera, we have very little information on the consequences of floral colour transitions to the evolutionary success of a clade. Overlaid upon these patterns is the possibility that certain floral colours are more prevalent in certain environments, with the causes of differential diversification being more directly determined by geographical distribution. Here we examine transition rates to anthocyanin + carotenoid rich (red/orange/fuschia) flowers and examine whether red/orange flowers are associated with differences in speciation and/or extinction rates in Mimulus. Because it has been suggested that reddish flowers are more prevalent at high elevation, we also examine the macroevolutionary evidence for this association and determine if there is evidence for differential diversification at high elevations. We find that, while red/orange clades have equivalent speciation rates, the trait state of reddish flowers reverts more rapidly to the nonreddish trait state. Moreover, there is evidence for high speciation rates at high elevation and no evidence for transition rates in floral colour to differ depending on elevation.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for fragile X syndrome: is there increased transmission of abnormal FMR1 alleles among female heterozygotes?

Fragile X syndrome is caused by a CGG triplet‐repeat expansion mutation in the FMR1 gene. Previous studies have shown increased transmission of abnormal alleles in the 51–60 repeat range. This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for fragile X, and to assess the transmission rate of the abnormal FMR1 alleles in this setting.
Permacol in Eyelid Reconstruction — A Novel Use

ABSTRACT Background: Reconstruction of a full-thickness lower eyelid defect is not an uncommon procedure and requires repair of both the anterior and posterior lamella. The modified Hughes procedure is commonly used for large defects, however this requires a second procedure and since the flap must be left in place for at least 3 weeks prior to the second-stage separation, it is not suitable for patients with only eyes or of amblyogenic age. In such situations, a free tarsoconjunctival graft from the opposite upper eyelid or a mucoperiosteal graft from the hard palate is more appropriate. These have the advantage of being autologous tissue with excellent recipient tolerance, however, they are not without drawbacks, including donor site scarring, limited availability and prolonged operating time. In order to avoid donor-site morbidity, several substitutes on the market can be used to replace autologous grafts. Permacol is a relatively new biomaterial made from acellular cross-linked porcine dermal collagen with a structural architecture very similar to that of human dermis. Methods: The authors present the first report of the use of Permacol to replace tarsus in the reconstruction of a full-thickness lower eyelid defect. Results: Permacol seems to be far superior to other commercially available tissue substitutes because of its increased tensile strength, rigidity, durability, predictability of structure and robust behaviour. It is well incorporated by the body, and it serves as an excellent matrix for tissue ingrowth. Conclusion: We feel it is a very good autologous graft substitute in eyelid reconstructive surgery and achieved satisfactory functional and aesthetic results.
A finite element based hybrid source-type scheme for Microwave Imaging

We present a novel imaging approach to tackle inverse scattering problems in non-canonical configurations. The approach relies on a hybrid formulation of the problem in terms of source-type integral equations, in which the non-canonical nature of the scenario is handled by means of the underlying finite element method framework. In particular, the adopted hybrid model mixes the contrast source formulation and the contrast source extended Born one, and takes advantage of their different (complementary) features. As shown by means of a preliminary numerical example, the proposed hybrid method is capable to achieve meaningful reconstruction in cases in which the same inversion algorithm (cast with respect to one of the two models) fails.
State of the art and future directions of scaffold‐based bone engineering from a biomaterials perspective

Scaffold‐based bone tissue engineering aims to repair/regenerate bone defects. Such a treatment concept involves seeding autologous osteogenic cells throughout a biodegradable scaffold to create a scaffold–cell hybrid that may be called a tissue‐engineered construct (TEC). A variety of materials and scaffolding fabrication techniques for bone tissue engineering have been investigated over the past two decades. This review aims to discuss the advances in bone engineering from a scaffold material point of view. In the first part the reader is introduced to the basic principles of bone engineering. The important properties of the biomaterials and the scaffold design in the making of tissue engineered bone constructs are discussed in detail, with special emphasis placed on the new material developments, namely composites made of synthetic polymers and calcium phosphates. Advantages and limitations of these materials are analysed along with various architectural parameters of scaffolds important for bone tissue engineering, e.g. porosity, pore size, interconnectivity and pore‐wall microstructures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex equity in French newspaper photographs: A content analysis of 2012 Olympic Games by L'Equipe

Abstract The aim of this article was to examine sex equity in the photographic coverage of the London 2012 Olympic Games by a French sports daily newspaper. A sample of 1073 photographs was collected and analysed. A content analysis was carried out focusing on the number of photographs, the space they cover, their location and position, the type and colour of shot and the sport they depict. A significant under-representation of female athletes’ photographs was found. However, contrary to most of previous research in this field, the other quantitative and qualitative variables do not show any differences. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the number of photographs for each sport and the number of French medals was found (for women, for men and for the whole sample), suggesting that the photographic coverage of this event is mainly based on the success of French athletes independently of their sex.
An optimized adaptive neural network for annual midterm energy forecasting

The objective of this paper is to present a new methodology for midterm energy forecasting. The proposed model is an adaptive artificial neural network (ANN), which properly transforms the input variables to differences or relative differences, in order to predict energy values not included in the training set. The ANN parameters, such as the finally used input variables, the number of neurons, initial values, and time periods of momentum term and training rate, are simultaneously selected by an optimization process. Another characteristic of the model is the use of a minimal training set of patterns. Results from an extensive analysis conducted by the developed method for the Greek power system and for different categories of customers are compared to those obtained from the application of standard regression methods.
Effect of Statins on the Viability of Macrophages and Smooth Muscle Cells

Because macrophages play an important role in the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to plaque stability, selective clearance of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques is a promising strategy for plaque stabilization. In the present study, we investigated the effects of fluvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, and pravastatin on the viability of macrophages and SMCs. All statins, except pravastatin, induced cell death of J774A.1 macrophages after 24 hours, albeit with different sensitivity. The viability of rabbit aortic SMCs was hardly affected. Fluvastatin-induced macrophage cell death was characterized as apoptosis and could be reversed by isoprenoid intermediates of the mevalonate pathway. Peritoneal macrophages from male or female mice were much more resistant to statin-induced cell death. The high sensitivity of J774A.1 macrophages to statin-induced cell death was related to the strong 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in these cells. Macrophage and SMC content of rabbit atherosclerotic plaques was not affected after in vitro treatment with fluvastatin or lovastatin for 3 days. In conclusion, fluvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin, but not pravastatin, can selectively induce apoptosis in J774A.1 macrophages, but not in SMCs, primary macrophages or rabbit atherosclerotic plaques. This effect was related to the degree of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in the different cell types.