Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title: Association between neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics and high-risk injection behaviours among among injectio

Background: Area-level socioeconomic conditions are associated with epidemic rates of viral hepatitis and HIV amongst urban injection drug users (IDUs), but whether specific socioeconomic markers are uniformly related to IDU outcomes across different urban environments is unclear. We evaluated whether injection behaviour is differentially related to neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics for IDUs in inner city versus surrounding urban areas. Methods: The study population was 468 active IDUs on the Island of Montréal. Neighbourhoods were represented as 500 meter radius buffers around individual IDU dwelling places. High-risk injection behaviour (HRIB) was defined dichotomously. Relations between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage (percentage households below low income cutoff), neighbourhood educational attainment (percentage adults with university degree), and HRIB were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Stratified analyses were conducted for inner city IDUs (n=219), and those in surrounding areas (n=249). Results: Similar proportions of IDUs in inner city and surrounding areas reported HRIB. Neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics were not associated with HRIB for IDUs in surrounding areas. For inner city IDUs, those in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods were more likely to practice HRIB (OR 4.34; 95% CI 1.15-16.35). Conversely, inner city IDUs residing in lower educational attainment neighbourhoods had a lower odds of HRIB (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.21-0.80). Conclusion: HRIB did not vary according to urban environment but for inner-city IDUs was differentially related to socioeconomic markers. Converse associations between HRIB and neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and lower educational attainment, negative and positive, respectively, indicate that adverse socioeconomic circumstances are not related to a uniformly greater likelihood of HRIB.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Never-Smoking Bricklayers

Abstract Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to occupational exposures remains an important public health problem taking significant toll on the global burden of the disease. Aim: In order to assess chronic prevalence and characteristics of COPD in bricklaying we performed a cross-sectional study including 47 never-smoking male bricklayers (aged 34 to 57 years) and an equal number of never-smoking male office workers studied as a control. Methods: Evaluation of examined subjects consisted of completion of a questionnaire, baseline spirometry, and bronchodilator reversibility testing. Results: We found higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in bricklayers with significant difference for cough and phlegm. Majority of the chronic respiratory symptoms in bricklayers were work-related. The mean values of all measured spirometric parameters in bricklayers were significantly lower than in office workers. The prevalence of COPD was significantly higher in bricklayers than in office workers (14.9% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.034). COPD in both examined groups was close related to age over 45 years, while in bricklayers significant association was registered for duration of occupational exposure longer than 20 years and work-related respiratory symptoms. Conclusion: Our findings support data about relationship between occupational exposure to inorganic dust and fumes in construction workers and persistent airflow limitation.
Untangling the hidden intrathalline microalgal diversity in Parmotrema pseudotinctorum: Trebouxia crespoana sp. nov.

Abstract Intrathalline phycobiont diversity was investigated in a rosette-forming lichen, Parmotrema pseudotinctorum, using a combination of Sanger sequencing, 454-pyrosequencing, conventional light and confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A total of 39 thalli sampled in five Canary Island populations were investigated. Three novel lineages of lichen phycobionts were detected, all being inferred within the Trebouxia clade G. The most abundant phycobiont lineage, occurring in all lichen populations investigated, is described here as Trebouxia crespoana sp. nov. This species produces spherical to pyriform cells possessing a crenulate chloroplast with lobes elongated at their ends, and one corticola-type pyrenoid with very thin, unbranched tubules of curved profile. Trebouxia crespoana is clearly distinguished from all other Trebouxia species by a characteristic cap-like cell wall thickening produced on one side of vegetative cells, and the larger size of vegetative cells that reach 21(–26) µm in diameter.
Reconstructing the high-energy irradiation of the evaporating hot Jupiter HD 209458b

The atmosphere of the exoplanet HD 209458b is undergoing sustained mass loss, believed to be caused by X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) irradiation from its star. The majority of this flux is not directly observable due to interstellar absorption, but is required in order to correctly model the photo-evaporation of the planet and photo-ionisation of the outflow. We present a recovered high energy spectrum for HD 209458 using a Differential Emission Measure (DEM) retrieval technique. We construct a model of the stellar corona and transition region for temperatures between 10^4.1 and 10^8 K which is constrained jointly by ultraviolet line strengths measured with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and X-ray flux measurements from XMM-Newton. The total hydrogen ionising luminosity (λ 40%. However, our luminosity is compatible with early estimates of the mass loss rate of HD 209458b based on results from the HST Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). Precisely reconstructed XUV irradiation is a key input to determining mass loss rates and efficiencies for exoplanet atmospheres.
Magneto-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Ultrathin Bi$%_{2}$Te$_{3}$ Single Crystals

Ultrathin Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ single crystals laid on Scotch tape are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at $4$K and in a magnetic field up to $35$T. The magneto-transmittance spectra of the Bi$_{2}$% Te$_{3}$/tape composite are analyzed as a two-layer system and the optical conductivity of Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ at different magnetic fields are extracted. We find that magnetic field modifies the optical conductivity in the following ways: (1) Field-induced transfer of the optical weight from the lower frequency regime ($ 250$cm$^{-1}$) due to the redistribution of charge carriers across the Fermi surface. (2) Evolving of a Fano-resonance-like spectral feature from an anti-resonance to a resonance with increasing magnetic field. Such behavior can be attributed to the electron-phonon interactions between the $% E_{u}^{1}$ optical phonon mode and the continuum of electronic transitions. (3) Cyclotron resonance resulting from the inter-valence band Landau level transitions, which can be described by the electrodynamics of massive Dirac holes.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Mandibles of Bengali Population : A Geometric Morphometric Approach

The identification of skeletal remains is of paramount importance in medico-legal investigations. Much of our understanding of modern human skeletal variation is derived from anthropological techniques based on the traditional linear metrical system (1). As evident from the earlier studies, skull is the most dimorphic and easily sexed portion of skeleton after pelvis, providing accuracy up to 92% (2). But in cases where intact skull is not found, mandible may play a vital role in sex determination as it is the most dimorphic, largest, and strongest bone of skull. The present study was conducted with the aim to measure, compare and evaluate the various measurements of mandible. The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample comprised of 50 (25 male and 25 female) adult dry mandible bones. In our study, statistically significant (p=0.000) differences were seen in the linear distances of anatomical angles between the males and females. Same differences, also statistically significant (p=0.004), were seen in the linear distances of medico-legal angles. Also the mean distances between the two mental foramens in females and males were 74.74 mm and 83.46 mm respectively, hence making the difference to be statistically significant (p=0.001).
A Study on Lipid Profile Levels of Diabetics and Non- Diabetics Among Naini Region of Allahabad, India

Rationale: In India, diabetes is not an epidemic anymore but has turned into a pandemic, according to the International Journal of Diabetes in developing Countries which labeled India the diabetes capital of the world. Mainly because India now has the highest number of diabetic patients in the world The International Diabetes Federation estimates that the number of diabetic patients in India more than doubled from 19 million in 1995 to 40.9 million in 2007. It is projected to increase to 69.9 million by 2025. Currently, up to 11 per cent of India’s urban population and 3 per cent of rural population above the age of 15 has diabetes. The most prevalent is Type II diabetes, which constitutes 95 per cent of the diabetic population in the country. Indian population faces higher risk for diabetes and its complications. Objective: Evaluate the changes in lipid profile level in diabetes and effect of age and gender on alteration of lipid profile in diabetes. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted for investigation of the serum lipid profile viz the level of total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol (group I) and compare them with level of non obese non diabetic and normotensive volunteers selected as control (group II). Results: The result revealed that serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly raised (p<0.0001) where as the level of HDL cholesterol was significantly lower (p<0.0001) in diabetic subjects as compared to control. There is a significant change found between diabetic male and female serum lipid profile. Diabetic male has highly significant higher level of cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and significantly lower level of HDL cholesterol from the diabetic female. Conclusion: It was concluded that Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridaemia and lipoprotein are the main lipid abnormalities found in diabetes which is risk for coronary artery disease. In diabetes sex plays a significant effect on risk of coronary artery disease.
The Use of Integrated Supportive Supervision (ISS) Visits to Strengthen Family Planning Service Delivery in Two Selected States of Nigeria

Efforts to expand access to contraception for healthy timing and spacing of pregnancies (HTSP) includes the engagement and capacity building for service providers. The quality of services being provided by SPs during integrated supportive supervision (ISS) visits has not been assessed. This study assessed the quality improvement of FP service delivery during ISS visits to secondary health facilities in 2 states of Nigeria. Twenty program managers competent on FP service delivery were drawn from each of the two states; and trained for 4 days on the use of ISS checklist to monitor quality of FP services. A 13-page ISS checklist developed by the FMoH, and field tested by Jhpiego in collaboration with other stakeholders was used to elicit data from 20 health facilities. Two Rounds of ISS were conducted between October 2014 and March 2015. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 version. FP new acceptors increased from 48.7% at 95% CI, 0.272-0.728 in Round-1 to 50.3% at 95%CI, and 0.272-0.728 in Round-2. Only 2.5% at 95% CI, 0.001-0.249 of the SDPs reported stock-out of FP commodities in Round-1 while none in Round-2. Stock-out of consumables reduced in-between rounds notably sterile gloves from 40.0% to 26.3% in Round2; Examination gloves from 50.0% to 23.7%; Gauze swabs from 50.0% to 28.9%; Gaps still exist in number of SHFs reporting poor availability of infection prevention equipment. ISS is a key strategy that can help to reduce programming barriers and achieve desired objectives. Feedback in-between rounds was used by the SPs to plan for performance improvement.
Resources of Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Perception of Science Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Academic Achievement.

The main objective of this study is to determine the predictive power of mathematics selfefficacy resources and perception of science self-efficacy on academic achievement. The study, adopting a relational screening model, was conducted with a total of 698 students in sixth, seventh and eighth grade level of a state secondary school. Mathematics self-efficacy resources and science self-efficacy scales were used as data collection tools. Additionally, the half-terms report card grade point averages prior to the term when the study was conducted were also taken into account to determine students' academic achievements. Data analysis was performed by Pearson productmoment correlation technique and multiple linear regression analysis. According to the obtained results, resources of mathematics self-efficacy and perception of science self-efficacy were found to be significantly correlated with academic achievement in high, medium and low levels of influence. Belief in learning ability, belief in skills, mastery experiences, social persuasions and physiological states, which have significant impacts on the academic achievement, account for 48 % of the variance in the academic achievement. Indirect experiences, however, do not have a significant effect on academic achievement. Besides this, when examined the relationship between dimensions of science self-efficacy perception and mathematics self-efficacy resources; a significant relationship was observed between the belief in learning ability and mastery experiences, indirect experiences and physiological states, belief in skills and mastery experiences, indirect experiences and social persuasions.
Science as a Map in Technological Search

A large body of work argues that scientific research increases the rate of technological advance, and with it economic growth. The precise mechanism through which science accelerates the rate of invention, however, remains an open question. Conceptualizing invention as a combinatorial search process, this paper argues that science alters inventors' search processes, by leading them more directly to useful combinations, eliminating fruitless paths of research, and motivating them to continue even in the face of negative feedback. These mechanisms prove most useful when inventors attempt to combine highly coupled components; therefore, the value of scientific research to invention varies systematically across applications. Empirical analyses of patent data support this thesis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A genetic screen suggests an alternative mechanism for inhibition of SecA by azide

A high-density transposon library constructed in BW25113 was grown in the absence or presence of 0.25 mM or 0.5 mM sodium azide. In the case of the 0 mM and 0.25 mM samples, cells were grown until OD600 = 1.0. In the case of of the 0.5 mM sodium azide sample, the cells were grown to OD600 = 0.9, at which point the cells stopped growing exponentially. The location of the transposons after growth was determined using Illumina sequecing. Libraries were prepared using arbirary PCR and sequenced using single-end reads. Reads were then processed an aligned to the genome sequence for Escherichia coli K-12 strain W3110 (NCBI accession AP009048.1). Please see associated manuscript at BiorXiv for a more detailed description of the experiment.
Clinical Significance of TLR1 I602S Polymorphism for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with FOLFIRI plus Bevacizumab

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TLR1, TLR2, TLR6, and TAK1 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We genotyped 9 SNPs of TLR1, TLR2, TLR6, and TAK1 in mCRC patients treated with first-line FOLFIRI (combination therapy of irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and folinic acid) plus bevacizumab, using a discovery cohort (TRIBE trial, n = 228) and a validation cohort (FIRE-3 trial, n = 297), and analyzed for the association with response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). There was a significant association of TLR1 rs5743618 (T1805G) with the clinical outcome. In the TRIBE cohort, a homozygous wild-type genotype (T/T) associated with a significantly lower RR compared with variant T/G and G/G genotypes (43% vs. 62%, P = 0.025), and this observation was validated in the FIRE-3 cohort (46% vs. 65%, P = 0.021). In addition, those patients with the T/T genotype had significantly worse PFS (median, 8.2 vs. 10.5 months; HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.09–2.28, P = 0.014) and OS (median: 19.9 vs. 27.9 months; HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.14–2.35, P = 0.007), compared with those with other genotypes in the TRIBE cohort. These differences remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Our data suggest that TLR1 rs5743618 could serve as a predictor of clinical response to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab in patients with mCRC. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1740–5. ©2016 AACR.
An Inventory of Interstellar Ices toward the Embedded Protostar W33A

This paper presents, for the first time, a complete 2.4-25 μm spectrum of the dust-embedded young stellar object W33A. The spectrum was obtained with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer of the Infrared Space Observatory at a mean resolving power of ~750. The spectrum displays deep H2O ice and silicate absorptions centered at 3.0 and 9.7 μm, respectively, together with absorption features identified with various other molecules in the solid phase. The 2.4-5.0 μm region of the spectrum is used to investigate the long-standing problem of the H2O ice column density toward W33A, by means of the stretching and combination mode features at 3.0 and 4.5 μm. Although no flux is seen at the center of the 3.0 μm feature, its central depth may be constrained by fitting assumed profiles to the short- and long-wavelength wings in our spectrum. We deduce that a value of N(H2O) = (1.1 ± 0.3) × 1019 cm-2 is consistent with these features, a factor of at least 3 less than predicted by the H2O bending mode at 6.0 μm; the reason for this discrepancy is unclear. We report new results on the abundances of nitrogen-bearing species in the ices toward W33A. Solid NH3 is detected for the first time in this line of sight, by means of the inversion-mode feature at 9.0 μm. The column density is N(NH3) = (1.7 ± 0.4) × 1018 cm-2, implying an abundance of ~15% relative to H2O, comparable to that recently reported toward the young star NGC 7538 IRS 9. However, we find no convincing evidence for absorptions associated with the C≡N stretching mode of nitriles in the 4.4-4.6 μm region of the spectrum. If nitriles are present in the ices along this line of sight, they must have column density no more than ~1017 cm-2 or ~1% relative to H2O. This argues against identification of the deep 4.62 μm `XCN' feature with isonitriles, as an implausibly low nitrile to isonitrile abundance ratio (<0.1) would be implied. New and previously published results are combined to construct an inventory of column densities and abundances (normalized to H2O) for all known species detected in molecular ices toward W33A. A band strength appropriate to the cyanate ion is assumed to provide quantitative results for XCN. Results are compared with those for other well-studied lines of sight, including the Taurus field star Elias 16, the Galactic center source Sgr A*, and the young stellar objects NGC 7538 IRS 9, GL 2136, and GL 7009S. The CO and XCN abundances are used as indicators of thermal and energetic processing, respectively (where energetic processing may include either UV photolysis or energetic ion bombardment). Abundances for CH3OH vary from below 3% in unprocessed ices to ~20%-30% in W33A and GL 7009S, consistent with formation by energetic processing. In contrast, CH4 shows little evidence of variation. Abundance data for cometary ices indicate some general similarities with interstellar and protostellar ices. CO and CH3OH show comet-to-comet variations that may provide clues to their origins. The highest CH3OH concentrations in comets are comparable with average values for interstellar/protostellar ices.
Predicting the glass transition temperature and viscosity of secondary organic material using molecular composition

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a large fraction of submicron particles in the atmosphere. SOA can occur in amorphous solid or semi-solid phase states depending on chemical composition, relative humidity (RH), and temperature. The phase transition between amorphous solid and semi-solid states occurs at the glass transition temperature ( Tg) . We have recently developed a method to estimate Tg of pure compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (CHO compounds) with molar mass less than 450 g mol −1 based on their molar mass and atomic O : C ratio. In this study, we refine and extend this method for CH and CHO compounds with molar mass up to ∼ 1100 g mol −1 using the number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. We predict viscosity from the Tg -scaled Arrhenius plot of fragility (viscosity vs. Tg∕T) as a function of the fragility parameter D . We compiled D values of organic compounds from the literature and found that D approaches a lower limit of ∼ 10 ( ± 1.7) as the molar mass increases. We estimated the viscosity of α -pinene and isoprene SOA as a function of RH by accounting for the hygroscopic growth of SOA and applying the Gordon–Taylor mixing rule, reproducing previously published experimental measurements very well. Sensitivity studies were conducted to evaluate impacts of Tg , D , the hygroscopicity parameter ( κ) , and the Gordon–Taylor constant on viscosity predictions. The viscosity of toluene SOA was predicted using the elemental composition obtained by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), resulting in a good agreement with the measured viscosity. We also estimated the viscosity of biomass burning particles using the chemical composition measured by HRMS with two different ionization techniques: electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). Due to differences in detected organic compounds and signal intensity, predicted viscosities at low RH based on ESI and APPI measurements differ by 2–5 orders of magnitude. Complementary measurements of viscosity and chemical composition are desired to further constrain RH-dependent viscosity in future studies.
Recent Sensitivity Pattern of Escherichia Coli in Urinary Tract Infection

The objective of the study is to assess the recent sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli in Urinary tract infection (UTI). Widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant microorganisms. As the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the microorganisms are frequently changing, this retrospective analysis was designed to assess the recent antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli (E.coli) in urinary tract infection among the human population. Details of 412 urine culture positive reports for E.coli and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern pertaining to the study period of 12months from June 2012 to May 2013 were collected from Central Microbiology Laboratory of Tirunelveli Medical College and the results were statistically analysed. The antibiotics tested for sensitivity were Amikacin, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Cotrimoxazole, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime. The sensitivity pattern of E.coli to antibiotics in UTI were Nitrofurantoin (85.19%), Amikacin (66.50%), Co-trimoxazole(31.31%), Gentamycin (26.90%), Ceftazidime (26.69%) ,Ciprofloxacin (22.57%), Cefotaxime (22.30%), Ceftriaxone (17.47%). The study highlighted the re-emergence of E. coli sensitive to Nitrofurantoin and marked resistance of E.coli to Aminoglycoside and third generation Cephalosporins.