Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Modular Fault Diagnosis and Prognosis Method for Hydro-Control Valve System Based on Redundancy in Multisensor Data Information

Fault diagnosis and prognosis (FDP) are important capabilities that can enable autonomous detection and prediction of failures’ progress in complex engineering systems. This paper introduces an innovative modular FDP method for a hydro-control valve system. The hydro-control valve is a critical part of the space launch vehicle propulsion system, and health monitoring of this hydro-valve is essential to ensure safety and reliability of the spacecraft. In this study, three main failures, i.e., piston leakage, drain blockage, and filter malfunction, in the hydro-control valve system are considered for monitoring and prognosis. The proposed FDP system has three main components including fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) unit, failure parameter estimation unit, and remaining useful life (RUL) estimation unit. A feature selection strategy and a support vector machine technique are together utilized to capture redundancy in multisensor data information and to isolate failures in the FDD unit. Then, a decentralized network of three adaptive neuro–fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) is developed to estimate the failure parameters. Afterward, the RUL unit is constructed using an adaptive Bayesian algorithm. Finally, a performance measure, called the relative accuracy index, is introduced and applied to evaluate the performance of the proposed health monitoring system. Simulation studies confirm the effective performance of the proposed design methodology.
Terahertz Microfluidic Metamaterial Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of Small-Volume Liquid Samples

Metamaterial (MM) assisted terahertz (THz) label-free biosensing has promising applications. However, the sensitive THz detection of highly absorptive liquid samples remains challenging. Here, we present a novel multi-microfluidic-channel MM biosensor for highly sensitive THz sensing of small-volume liquid samples. The multichannels are set mostly in the strong electric field enhancement area of the MM, which significantly decreases the liquid's amount and enhances the interaction between the sensing targets and the THz wave (thus increasing the sensitivity). The sensing results of isopropyl-alcohol–water mixtures and bovine serum albumin solutions based on the bow-tie array MM with multichannels demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design and the great potential in THz biosensing. This design has the advantages of being highly sensitive, label-free, cost-effective, easy to operate, and only needing a tiny liquid volume. Thus, our device provides a robust route for MM-assisted THz label-free biosensing of liquid-based substances.
Behavior Modeling on ARINC653 to Support the Temporal Verification of Conformed Application Design

Numerous factors have an impact on the temporal correction of integrated modular avionics application. As early as in the design phase, verification should be conducted to guarantee the rigorous temporal requirements for safety consideration which are fulfilled. This paper proposes a model for underlining verification in the design phase. The model captures the temporally related design in an industrial standard for software application and operation system (ARINC653). The finite-state machine mechanism is employed to formulate the behavior model of the application and application execution interface. Furthermore, temporal requirements are measured under the simulation of the state machine model. A case study is conducted on a real-world auto-pilot application that conformed with ARINC653.
The coenzyme A disulphide reductase of Borrelia burgdorferi is important for rapid growth throughout the enzootic cycle and essential for infection of the mammalian host

In a microarray analysis of the RpoS regulon in mammalian host‐adapted Borrelia burgdorferi, bb0728 (cdr) was found to be dually transcribed by the sigma factors σ70 and RpoS. The cdr gene encodes a coenzyme A disulphide reductase (CoADR) that reduces CoA‐disulphides to CoA in an NADH‐dependent manner. Based on the abundance of CoA in B. burgdorferi and the biochemistry of the enzyme, CoADR has been proposed to play a role in the spirochaete's response to reactive oxygen species. To better understand the physiologic function(s) of BbCoADR, we generated a B. burgdorferi mutant in which the cdr gene was disrupted. RT‐PCR and 5′‐RACE analysis revealed that cdr and bb0729 are co‐transcribed from a single transcriptional start site upstream of the bb0729 coding sequence; a shuttle vector containing the bb0729‐cdr operon and upstream promoter element was used to complement the cdr mutant. Although the mutant was no more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than its parent, it did exhibit increased sensitivity to high concentrations of t‐butyl‐hydroperoxide, an oxidizing compound that damages spirochetal membranes. Characterization of the mutant during standard (15% oxygen, 6% CO2) and anaerobic (< 1% O2, 9–13% CO2) cultivation at 37°C revealed a growth defect under both conditions that was particularly striking during anaerobiosis. The mutant was avirulent by needle inoculation and showed decreased survival in feeding nymphs, but displayed no survival defect in unfed flat nymphs. Based on these results, we propose that BbCoADR is necessary to maintain optimal redox ratios for CoA/CoA‐disulphide and NAD+/NADH during periods of rapid replication throughout the enzootic cycle, to support thiol‐disulphide homeostasis, and to indirectly protect the spirochaete against peroxide‐mediated membrane damage; one or more of these functions are essential for infection of the mammalian host by B. burgdorferi.
Oxidative Stress Induces Vascular Calcification through Modulation of the Osteogenic Transcription Factor Runx2 by AKT Signaling*

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis including the formation of lipid laden macrophages and the development of inflammation. However, oxidative stress-induced molecular signaling that regulates the development of vascular calcification has not been investigated in depth. Osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is critical in the development of calcification in atherosclerotic lesions. An important contributor to oxidative stress in atherosclerotic lesions is the formation of hydrogen peroxide from diverse sources in vascular cells. In this study we defined molecular signaling that is operative in the H2O2-induced VSMC calcification. We found that H2O2 promotes a phenotypic switch of VSMC from contractile to osteogenic phenotype. This response was associated with an increased expression and transactivity of Runx2, a key transcription factor for osteogenic differentiation. The essential role of Runx2 in oxidative stress-induced VSMC calcification was further confirmed by Runx2 depletion and overexpression. Inhibition of Runx2 using short hairpin RNA blocked VSMC calcification, and adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Runx2 alone induced VSMC calcification. Inhibition of H2O2-activated AKT signaling blocked VSMC calcification and Runx2 induction concurrently. This blockage did not cause VSMC apoptosis. Taken together, our data demonstrate a critical role for AKT-mediated induction of Runx2 in oxidative stress-induced VSMC calcification.
Enzymes involved in the anaerobic degradation of meta‐substituted halobenzoates

Organohalides are environmentally relevant compounds that can be degraded by aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. The denitrifying Thauera chlorobenzoica is capable of degrading halobenzoates as sole carbon and energy source under anaerobic conditions. LC‐MS/MS‐based coenzyme A (CoA) thioester analysis revealed that 3‐chloro‐ or 3‐bromobenzoate were preferentially metabolized via non‐halogenated CoA‐ester intermediates of the benzoyl‐CoA degradation pathway. In contrast, 3‐fluorobenzoate, which does not support growth, was converted to dearomatized fluorinated CoA ester dead‐end products. Extracts from cells grown on 3‐chloro‐/3‐bromobenzoate catalysed the Ti(III)‐citrate‐ and ATP‐dependent reductive dehalogenation of 3‐chloro/3‐bromobenzoyl‐CoA to benzoyl‐CoA, whereas 3‐fluorobenzoyl‐CoA was converted to a fluorinated cyclic dienoyl‐CoA compound. The reductive dehalogenation reactions were identified as previously unknown activities of ATP‐dependent class I benzoyl‐CoA reductases (BCR) present in all facultatively anaerobic, aromatic compound degrading bacteria. A two‐step dearomatization/H‐halide elimination mechanism is proposed. A halobenzoate‐specific carboxylic acid CoA ligase was characterized in T. chlorobenzoica; however, no such enzyme is present in Thauera aromatica, which cannot grow on halobenzoates. In conclusion, it appears that the presence of a halobenzoate‐specific carboxylic acid CoA ligase rather than a specific reductive dehalogenase governs whether an aromatic compound degrading anaerobe is capable of metabolizing halobenzoates.
Encryption of Images File Using a User Controlled Automatically-Generated Key

Traditional symmetrical cryptographic algorithms generally provide an adequate degree of immunity to attacks aimed at revealing secret keys. A number of approaches exist for the automated generation of secret keys, but, for high security applications, some end users remain wary of approaches that are controlled by third parties. Consequently, there remains interest in certain high-security applications in being able to retain control over the method used for the generation of keys. In this paper, keys for both cipher images, decryption images are obtained using the evolutionary computing tool Eureqa, in its modelling of pseudo-random input data. The secret keys generated by this approach and when applied to the encryption and decryption of gray-scale images are validated in a range of statistical tests, namely histogram, chi-square, correlation of adjacent pixel pairs, correlation between original and encrypted images, entropy and key sensitivity. Experimental results obtained from methods show that the proposed image encryption and decryption algorithms are secure and reliable, with the potential to be adapted to high-security image communication applications.
Development of a Sensor for Leak Detection in Underground Water Pipelines

The development of a sensor for leak detection in underground water pipes is presented. The sensor aims at overcoming some limitations in the TDR-based leak detection method which has been intensely studied and applied in recent years, essentially linked to the need for continuous monitoring of pipes, and the problem of interpretation of reflectograms when the dielectric constant of the soil changes along the length of the pipe. The sensor is designed to be easily built with 3D printing, easily inserted in a coaxial cable, and to change meaningfully the transmitted power of a microwave signal when a meaningful amount of water is present. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed device has a regular behavior and a good sensitivity
Dynamic changes in fetal Leydig cell populations influence adult Leydig cell populations in mice

Testes contain two distinct Leydig cell populations during development: fetal and adult Leydig cells (FLCs and ALCs, respectively). ALCs are not derived from FLCs, and it is unknown whether these two populations share common progenitors. We discovered that hedgehog (Hh) signaling is responsible for transforming steroidogenic factor 1‐positive (SF1+) progenitors into FLCs. However, not all SF1+ progenitors become FLCs, and some remain undifferentiated through fetal development. We therefore hypothesized that if FLCs and ALCs share SF1+ progenitors, increased Hh pathway activation in SF1+ progenitor cells could change the dynamics and distribution of SF1+ progenitors, FLCs, and ALCs. Using a genetic model involving constitutive activation of Hh pathway in SF1+ cells, we observed reduced numbers of SF1+ progenitor cells and increased FLCs. Conversely, increased Hh activation led to decreased ALC populations prepubertally, while adult ALC numbers were comparable to control testes. Hence, reduction in SF1+ progenitors temporarily affects ALC numbers, suggesting that SF1+ progenitors in fetal testes are a potential source of both FLCs and ALCs. Besides transient ALC defects, adult animals with Hh activation in SF1+ progenitors had reduced testicular weight, oligospermia, and decreased sperm mobility. These defects highlight the importance of properly regulated Hh signaling in Leydig cell development and testicular functions. — Barsoum, I. B. , Kaur, J. Ge, R. S. , Cooke, P. S. , Yao, H. H. ‐C. Dynamic changes in fetal Leydig cell populations influence adult Leydig cell populations in mice. FASEB J. 27, 2657‐2666 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Experiment of Image Processing Algorithm for Efficient Pothole Detection

The pothole is an important thing for pedestrian and drivers. The pothole can cause a critical accident. To find and repair the pothole is important. But it is hard to find the pothole. So, we developed the automatic system based on image processing. To get higher accuracy with lower false rate, we compare the six image processing algorithms, such as background subtractor, convex hull, wavelet energy field, saliency map, differential and otsu binary for finding the optimized combination.
Mathematical Modelling of Reduced Order Induction Machines for VFT Applications

This paper presents a reduced order approach to the modelling of induction machines for the purposes of power transfer between asynchronous networks. The method of interconnection between the networks under consideration is a variable frequency transformer (VFT) whose technology is rooted in that of an induction machine. Attempts to apply a high-order model to VFT studies have been met with numerical instabilities and unacceptably long computation times. A reduced order approach therefore serves to reduce the complexity of the simulation by neglecting transient behaviour. The classical fifth order method is presented, upon which a third order and first order model are derived. These differ from the traditional reduced order models due to the inclusion of an otherwise neglected frequency differential term. Care has also been taken to avoid algebraic loops during simulation so that additional delays need not be introduced. The performance of the models is then analysed when they are operating as an induction machine and then as a VFT for asynchronous power transfer simulations. The result is a stable, low-order model that performs correctly under a wide range of VFT operative scenarios, including asynchronous and different-frequency networks connected to its terminals.
9.7 A Scalable 71-to-76GHz 64-Element Phased-Array Transceiver Module with 2×2 Direct-Conversion IC in 22nm FinFET CMOS Technology

Fifth-generation cellular communication standards (5G) target Gb/s data-rates, pushing the industry beyond the sub-6GHz bands. Tens of GHz of spectrum are available in the frequency bands from 30 to 300GHz. To maintain acceptable link budgets with sufficient antenna apertures, arrays are typically required at these frequencies and electrical beam steering is needed to retain spatial coverage. For such complex systems, highly-integrated, low-cost and energy-efficient SoCs are desirable to enable volume deployment. FinFET technologies are an ideal candidate to tackle this challenging integration, given the excellent balance between density and RF/mm-wave performance that has been recently demonstrated [1].
Deep Spatio-Temporal Representation for Detection of Road Accidents Using Stacked Autoencoder

Vision-based detection of road accidents using traffic surveillance video is a highly desirable but challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for automatic detection of road accidents in surveillance videos. The proposed framework automatically learns feature representation from the spatiotemporal volumes of raw pixel intensity instead of traditional hand-crafted features. We consider the accident of the vehicles as an unusual incident. The proposed framework extracts deep representation using denoising autoencoders trained over the normal traffic videos. The possibility of an accident is determined based on the reconstruction error and the likelihood of the deep representation. For the likelihood of the deep representation, an unsupervised model is trained using one class support vector machine. Also, the intersection points of the vehicle’s trajectories are used to reduce the false alarm rate and increase the reliability of the overall system. We evaluated out proposed approach on real accident videos collected from the CCTV surveillance network of Hyderabad City in India. The experiments on these real accident videos demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Harvesting Ambient RF Energy Efficiently With Optimal Angular Coverage

Ambient electromagnetic and RF energy is an ubiquitous energy resource that is found everywhere but difficult to harvest because of the time-varying orientation of incoming radiations and the low efficiency of RF rectifiers resulting from a low input power density operation. In response to these two challenges that come with the design of rectennas for ambient energy harvesting, this paper discusses a figure of merit to evaluate the rectenna performance that combines the rectification efficiency, the radiation efficiency, and the spherical coverage of the antenna. To illustrate this proposed figure of merit, a rectenna with a strengthen RF-to-dc efficiency and also a full spatial coverage is designed using beam-forming networks. The resulting system is demonstrated for a wireless sensor mounted on a pole. To maintain a reasonable size of the prototype, a miniaturization technique of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Butler matrix (BM) is investigated, which allows for the reduction of the footprint of the BM by 2 compared to its classical microstrip design counterpart at 2.4 GHz. The overall rectification efficiency and dc power patterns are reported for the elevation plane of one multidirectional rectenna at 2.4 GHz for an incident power density of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.45\,\,\mu \text {W}\cdot \text {cm}^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It is shown that the system can triple the dc output power compared to a three-dipole counterpart occupying the same area. Furthermore, while the maximum harvesting capability at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1 \,\,\mu \text {W}\cdot \text {cm}-^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> does not exceed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$28\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> %. steradian in the literature, it reaches <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$43.6\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> %. steradian with the proposed demonstrator.
A Numerical Investigation on the Effects of Water Vapor on Electron Energy and OH Production in Atmospheric-Pressure He/H2O and Ar/H2O Plasma Jets

In this paper, a comparative investigation has been performed on the effects of water vapor on electron energy in He/H2O and Ar/H2O plasma jets at atmospheric pressure. The investigation is based on a needle-plane discharge system and the numerical simulation with the use of a 2-D fluid model. The OH production and its correlation with electron energy in the two gases have also been calculated. This paper gives the following significant results. The averaged electron energy in He/H2O keeps basically a constant at water vapor concentrations below about 0.1%, and then it evidently decreases. However, the averaged electron energy in Ar/H2O is hardly changed with the increase in the water vapor concentration. This difference from that in He/H2O is mainly due to different energy thresholds for the electron collision reactions related to helium and argon. The averaged OH densities in He/H2O and Ar/H2O increase with increasing the water vapor concentration, but that for He/H2O is evidently large at water vapor concentrations below about 0.5%, compared to Ar/H2O. The reason for this can be attributed to more electrons participating in the excitation reaction related to H2O and large reaction rate of OH production in He/H2O. Finally, this paper suggests that a proper high water vapor concentration in He/H2O plasma jets may allow an expected electron energy and also generates abundant OH radicals.
Evidence that the Agr‐like quorum sensing system regulates the toxin production, cytotoxicity and pathogenicity of Clostridium perfringens type C isolate CN3685

Clostridium perfringens possesses at least two functional quorum sensing (QS) systems, i.e. an Agr‐like system and a LuxS‐dependent AI‐2 system. Both of those QS systems can reportedly control in vitro toxin production by C. perfringens but their importance for virulence has not been evaluated. Therefore, the current study assessed whether these QS systems might regulate the pathogenicity of CN3685, a C. perfringens type C strain. Since type C isolates cause both haemorrhagic necrotic enteritis and fatal enterotoxemias (where toxins produced in the intestines are absorbed into the circulation to target other internal organs), the ability of isogenic agrB or luxS mutants to cause necrotizing enteritis in rabbit small intestinal loops or enterotoxemic lethality in mice was evaluated. Results obtained strongly suggest that the Agr‐like QS system, but not the LuxS‐dependent AI‐2 QS system, is required for CN3685 to cause haemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis, apparently because the Agr‐like system regulates the production of beta toxin, which is essential for causing this pathology. The Agr‐like system, but not the LuxS‐mediated AI‐2 system, was also important for CN3685 to cause fatal enterotoxemia. These results provide the first direct evidence supporting a role for any QS system in clostridial infections.
Multi-Depth Fusion Network for Whole-Heart CT Image Segmentation

Obtaining precise whole-heart segmentation from computed tomography (CT) or other imaging techniques is prerequisite to clinically analyze the cardiac status, which plays an important role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the whole-heart segmentation is still a challenging task due to the characteristic of medical images, such as far more background voxels than foreground voxels and the indistinct boundaries of adjacent tissues. In this paper, we first present a new deeply supervised 3D UNET which applies multi-depth fusion to the original network for a better extract context information. Then, we apply focal loss to the field of image segmentation and expand its application to multi-category tasks. Finally, the focal loss is incorporated into the Dice loss function (which can be used to solve category imbalance problem) to form a new loss function, which we call hybrid loss. We evaluate our new pipeline on the MICCAI 2017 whole-heart CT dataset, and it obtains a Dice score of 90.73%, which is better than most of the state-of-the-art methods.
Active Cancellation of the RCS of a Large Aircraft Using of Stealth 4-Port Magnetic Antenna with Heterogenic Ferrite Core

In the paper, application of a heterogenic magnetic antenna (MA) for active cancellation of bistatic radar cross section (RCS) of stealth object like large aircraft (LA) is studied (using HFSS). Magnetic antenna is located in niche of the fuselage. Heterogenic ferrite core of MA is constructed as a square loop. Each side of the loop consists of five sections with different cross sections (to increase the antenna efficiency) and a winding with an excitation port. Excitation stealth modes of the MA ports to cancel the bistatic RCS of the LA in the bandwidth 10 to 30 MHz is investigated numerically. Angular sectors and the levels of RCS cancellation for irradiation from the right wing of the LA in the case of plane wave with horizontal polarization are analyzed.