Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tail Suspension Induces Bone Loss in Skeletally Mature Mice in the C57BL/6J Strain but Not in the C3H/HeJ Strain

We assessed the effects of tail‐suspension in two skeletal genetic backgrounds, the high C3H/HeJ (C3H) and low C57BL/6J (B6) bone masses inbred mice (male, 4‐months old). Cancellous bone mass and structural parameters were evaluated in distal femoral metaphysis by three dimensional microcomputed tomography. Bone cellular activities were evaluated by histomorphometry and measurements of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and osteocalcin in blood and deoxypyridinoline (D‐pyr) in urine. In C3H mice, 2‐ and 3‐week unloading experiments were performed. After an early and transient decrease in body weight, a 2‐week suspension period resulted in stimulation of both bone formation rate by 45% and active osteoclastic surfaces by 19%. D‐pyr did not change, but ALP and osteocalcin levels increased by 18% and 72%, respectively, in 2‐week suspended mice, and osteocalcin remained elevated by 30% in the 3‐week suspended mice. Such cellular modifications allowed the C3H mice to maintain their initial bone mass and trabecular structural parameters even after a 3‐week suspension period. In B6 mice, 1‐ and 2‐week unloading experiments were performed. Tail suspension resulted in decreased body weight during the first days followed by an incomplete recovery during the second week of unloading. The resorption activity was unaffected by any suspension time period, whereas a decrease of 42.5% in bone formation rate and of 21.5% in ALP were seen by the end of the first week of suspension, both values being restored after a 2‐week suspension period. At this latter time, trabeculae were thinner, leading to a 24.5% cancellous bone loss. Trabecular number and connectivity, rod‐plate index, and degree of anisotropy were not modified. We concluded that C3H mice constituted a unique model in which genetic background overwhelmed the usual effects of reduced biomechanical usage in bone, whereas B6 mice, compared with the standardized rat model, offered an alternative model of bone loss in a mature skeleton.
Molecular Biology of Ovarian Aromatase in Sex Reversal: Complementary DNA and 5′-Flanking Region Isolation and Differential Expression of Ovarian Aromatase in the Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)1

Abstract To elucidate the involvement of aromatase in sex reversal, the gilthead seabream ovarian P450 aromatase (cyp19a1a) cDNA and its 5′-flanking region were isolated and characterized. Northern blot analysis revealed that only one cyp19a1a transcript (2.0 kb) is expressed in the ovary. Four cAMP-responsive elements were identified at the 5′-flanking region of seabream cyp19a1a indicating a high potential to respond to gonadotropin signaling. Studying the seasonal profile, two expression peaks of cyp19a1a transcripts in the ovarian tissues were found in July (about 15000 copies/ng total RNA) for ambisexual fish and in December (about 12000 copies/ng total RNA) for spawning females. Starting from September, transcript levels of cyp19a1a in the ovarian portions of the male-developing gonads gradually decreased. Furthermore, the ovarian portions of the female gonads expressed cyp19a1a at a significantly higher level than the ovarian portions of the male gonads after November. Taken together with levels of plasma estradiol in reversing females being significantly higher than those in developing males, the above results reinforce the importance of cyp19a1a in sex reversal. In vitro exposure of ovarian fragments to gonadotropins (hCG) at 1, 10, and 100 IU/ml significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated cyp19a1a expression. Additionally, expression of cyp19a1a displayed a stronger and significant correlation with the transcript expression of ovarian Lh receptor rather than Fsh receptor during the ambisexual stage. Our results indicate that the differential expression of cyp19a1a gene is associated with sex reversal and that gonadotropin signals (particularly Lh) may serve as major players in regulating the expression of cyp19a1a during the process of sex reversal.
Reducing Stereotype Threat by Blurring Intergroup Boundaries

The authors aimed to establish whether interventions designed to reduce intergroup bias could be applied to the stereotype threat domain. In three experiments, the hypothesis was tested that blurring intergroup boundaries would reduce stereotype threat. In the first study, it was found that female participants who thought about characteristics shared between the genders tended to show less preference for stereotypical female careers than did participants in the baseline condition. In Experiment 2, participants who thought about overlapping characteristics answered more math questions correctly compared to a baseline group and participants who thought about differences between the genders. In Experiment 3, a specific threat manipulation was included. Participants who completed the overlapping characteristics task before receiving the threat completed significantly more math questions correctly than did participants in the baseline and threat conditions. The findings support the idea that interventions designed to reduce intergroup bias can be applied successfully in the reduction of stereotype threat.
Exploring the Individual Characteristics on the Adoption of Broadband: An Empirical Analysis

This study empirically investigates the factors that affect the users’ intention to adopt broadband by incorporating individual characteristics with the conventional Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research was conducted in Malaysia using a self-administered questionnaire. Out of the 350 questionnaires, only 172 are usable, thus yielding a response rate of 49.14 percent. Results were subsequently analyzed by employing the multiple regression analysis. Individual characteristics such as individual innovativeness, age, gender and qualification were found to have significant relationship with perceived usefulness (PU). However, on the relationship with perceived ease of use (PEOU), only individual innovativeness, age and gender were found to be related. The results also support a positive relationship between PU and behavioural intention and the mediating effect of PEOU on PU. The findings from this study provide useful information not only for the Internet service providers, software developers but also government agencies especially when formulating their marketing and business strategies. The study has successfully extended the TAM by incorporating individual characteristics. The extended TAM provides a comprehensive view on the users’ acceptance on broadband adoption from the perspective of emerging markets.
Profitability of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in high‐tech industries: the case of the biotechnology industry

This paper investigates the profitability determinants of small- and medium-sized enterprises in high-tech industries. Literature review suggests that innovator position, market awareness, niche operation, and internationalization should have positive impacts on SMTEs' profitability. However, the empirical results partially agree with, and partially dissent from, the propositions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T-705 (Favipiravir) Induces Lethal Mutagenesis in Influenza A H1N1 Viruses In Vitro

ABSTRACT Several novel anti-influenza compounds are in various phases of clinical development. One of these, T-705 (favipiravir), has a mechanism of action that is not fully understood but is suggested to target influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. We investigated the mechanism of T-705 activity against influenza A (H1N1) viruses by applying selective drug pressure over multiple sequential passages in MDCK cells. We found that T-705 treatment did not select specific mutations in potential target proteins, including PB1, PB2, PA, and NP. Phenotypic assays based on cell viability confirmed that no T-705-resistant variants were selected. In the presence of T-705, titers of infectious virus decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) during serial passage in MDCK cells inoculated with seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI; 0.0001 PFU/cell) or with 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses at a high MOI (10 PFU/cell). There was no corresponding decrease in the number of viral RNA copies; therefore, specific virus infectivity (the ratio of infectious virus yield to viral RNA copy number) was reduced. Sequence analysis showed enrichment of G→A and C→T transversion mutations, increased mutation frequency, and a shift of the nucleotide profiles of individual NP gene clones under drug selection pressure. Our results demonstrate that T-705 induces a high rate of mutation that generates a nonviable viral phenotype and that lethal mutagenesis is a key antiviral mechanism of T-705. Our findings also explain the broad spectrum of activity of T-705 against viruses of multiple families.
How young, technical consumers assess online WOM credibility

Purpose – Specifically focusing on one antecedent (information seeker's characteristics) for electronic word‐of‐mouth adoption and credibility assessments, the purpose of this paper is to attempt to shed light on consumer motivations for making and taking online recommendations, and how technically savvy consumers assess credibility online.Design/methodology/approach – To investigate the role and influence of word‐of‐mouth (WOM) amongst technically savvy online consumers, purposeful sampling was used to limit participants to those who have made online purchases and who spend more than three hours a day on the internet. Using an adaptation of the grounded theory method, this study was triangulated via one face‐to‐face interview with each participant, member‐checking, analysis of online communications deemed “not credible” by the participants, and through relevant literature from marketing and information systems (IS). Findings – Analysis shows that participants exhibit more of a “bricks‐to‐clicks” than a “c.
A Fault Tolerant based Efficient Power Route Discovery Approach for MANET 1

In MANET, nodes are mobile which are connected without any centralized infrastructure. Because of the portability of mobilehubs, arrange segment happens. Moreover, network failures and link failures are occurred to degrade the performance of the networks. Hence, there is need for effective fault tolerant based routing. From the previous analysis, cluster based routing is deployed but not able to tackle faults namely node failures, link breakage and malicious activities. It will lead to more power consumption. To conquer this issues, we suggest to develop Cluster based Multipath Fault Tolerant Routing Scheme (CMFTRS) for determining power route among the network. This scheme consists of three phases namely multipath routing establishment, cluster head selection and fault tolerant routing. In our proposed plot, multipath routing is built up to make strides fault tolerance and system lifetime. In cluster head selection phase, the cluster members chose their cluster head based on their aggregate weight. Each cluster head maintain their neighbor table and fault tolerant table to obtain status of packets dropped, packets duplicated and packets received. In fault tolerant routing, link failures and network failures are isolated and packets are effective forwarded to the destination node. By utilizing system test system, the proposed conspire accomplishes better than our previous works namely EFDCB and FDCB.
Hydroxyfasudil, an Active Metabolite of Fasudil Hydrochloride, Relaxes the Rabbit Basilar Artery by Disinhibition of Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase

Fasudil hydrochloride (AT877, hexahydro-1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-1H-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride, identical to HA1077) inhibits cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in experimental animals and humans. In the current study, the vasorelaxing mechanism of hydroxyfasudil, a hydroxylated metabolite of fasudil hydrochloride, was determined in the rabbit basilar artery. The effects of hydroxyfasudil on tension, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), and phosphorylation of the myosin light chain were examined using the isolated and intact or permeabilized rabbit basilar artery without endothelium in vitro. In the intact rabbit basilar artery, hydroxyfasudil elicited a concentration-dependent relaxation of the artery precontracted with 1 nmol/L endothelin-1 (ET-1) plus 20 mmol/L KCl without any significant decrease in [Ca2+]i as determined by fura-2 microfluorometry (IC50: 5.1 ± 4.6 μmol/L). The relaxation induced by hydroxyfasudil was accompanied with dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain. In the permeabilized preparation, hydroxyfasudil inhibited the contraction induced by ET-1, guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), or the catalytic subunit of rho-associated kinase, but it did not inhibit Ca2+-induced contraction under the condition of inhibited myosin light chain phosphatase. Hydroxyfasudil showed a greater relaxant effect under decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. The present study indicated that hydroxyfasudil relaxes the rabbit basilar artery mainly by disinhibiting myosin light chain phosphatase through the inhibition of rho-associated kinase and that this effect depends on the intracellular ATP concentration.
Reliable Digit Span

Reliable Digit Span (RDS) is a heavily researched symptom validity test with a recent literature review yielding more than 20 studies ranging in dates from 1994 to 2011. Unfortunately, limitations within some of the research minimize clinical generalizability. This systematic review and cross-validation study was conducted to address these limitations, thus increasing the measure’s clinical utility. Sensitivity and specificity rates were calculated for the ≤6 and ≤7 cutoffs when data were globally combined and divided by clinical groups. The cross-validation of specific diagnostic groups was consistent with the data reported in the literature. Overall, caution should be used when utilizing the ≤7 cutoff in all clinical groups and when utilizing the ≤6 cutoff in the following groups: cerebrovascular accident, severe memory disorders, mental retardation, borderline intellectual functioning, and English as a second language. Additional limitations and cautions are provided.
Elevated Child Maltreatment Rates in Immigrant Families and the Role of Socioeconomic Differences

Are immigrant families at elevated risk for child maltreatment, and if so, what role do socioeconomic and family composition factors play? In a national prevalence study on child maltreatment in the Netherlands, child maltreatment cases were reported by 1,121 professionals from various occupational branches. Maltreating families were compared to a national representative family sample on immigrant status and parental educational level and family composition factors. The authors differentiated between traditional immigrant families who immigrated as labor migrants from Turkey, Morocco, Suriname, and the Antillean Islands, and nontraditional immigrant families who more recently immigrated from countries with severe economic hardships or political turmoil (refugees). Traditional immigrant and nontraditional immigrant families were both significantly overrepresented among maltreating families, but this overrepresentation disappeared for the traditional immigrants after correction for educational level of the parents. Nontraditional immigrant families, however, remained at increased risk for child maltreatment even after correction for educational level. It is proposed that interventions to prevent child maltreatment in immigrant families should focus on decreasing socioeconomic risks associated with low levels of education.
Has Goodwill Accounting Under SFAS 142 Improved Financial Reporting?

SFAS 142 made two significant changes to goodwill accounting. First, firms are required to annually test goodwill for impairment. Second, firms are prohibited from systematically amortizing goodwill. In this study, I test whether each of these changes resulted in improved financial reporting, as predicted by the FASB. I find evidence that annual impairment testing improves financial reporting. However, I also find evidence that elimination of systematic amortization reduced the quality of financial reporting. As additional analysis, I demonstrate that a goodwill accounting system that allows both annual impairment testing and systematic amortization, while allowing firms the discretion to choose a firm-specific mix of each, provides the most value relevant goodwill accounting numbers.
Synthesis and Succinylation of Subtilin-Like Lantibiotics Are Strongly Influenced by Glucose and Transition State Regulator AbrB

ABSTRACT Subtilin and the closely related entianin are class I lantibiotics produced by different subspecies of Bacillus subtilis. Both molecules are ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotics with unusual ring structures. Subtilin-like lantibiotics develop strong antibiotic activities against various Gram-positive organisms with an efficiency similar to that of nisin from Lactococcus lactis. In contrast to nisin, subtilin-like lantibiotics partially undergo an additional posttranslational modification, where the N-terminal tryptophan residue becomes succinylated, resulting in drastically reduced antibiotic activities. A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based quantification method enabled us to determine entianin and succinylated entianin (S-entianin) concentrations in the supernatant during growth. We show that entianin synthesis and the degree of succinylation drastically change with culture conditions. In particular, increasing glucose concentrations resulted in higher entianin amounts and lower proportions of S-entianin in Landy-based media. In contrast, no succinylation was observed in medium A with 10% glucose. Interestingly, glucose retarded the expression of entianin biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, deletion of the transition state regulator AbrB resulted in a 6-fold increased entianin production in medium A with 10% glucose. This shows that entianin biosynthesis in B. subtilis is strongly influenced by glucose, in addition to its regulation by the transition state regulator AbrB. Our results suggest that the mechanism underlying the succinylation of subtilin-like lantibiotics is enzymatically catalyzed and occurs in the extracellular space or at the cellular membrane.
On a Theorem of Breiman and a Class of Random Difference Equations

We consider the tail behavior of the product of two independent nonnegative random variables X and Y. Breiman (1965) has considered this problem, assuming that X is regularly varying with index α and that E{Yα+ε} < ∞ for some ε > 0. We investigate when the condition on Y can be weakened and apply our findings to analyze a class of random difference equations.
Location, Location, Location: Insights for Advertising Placement on the Web

ABSTRACT This research addresses web advertising placement issues by examining two main variables: website reputation and the relevance between website content and banner ad product category. Online data collection using adapted websites yielded different results for high-versus low-involvement products. Advertising effectiveness for a high-involvement product appears to be relevance-driven, with reputation enhancing outcomes only when the website's content is relevant to the advertised product category. In contrast, advertising effectiveness for a low-involvement product is reputation-driven: when a site's reputation is well established, relevance exhibits no effect on outcomes. Results are consistent with Elaboration Likelihood Model predictions and the contention that variables can serve dual roles in the persuasion process, depending on the experimental context.
Response to Commentaries on Individualizing Exposure Therapy For PTSD : The Case Of Caroline Between Manualized Treatments and Principle-Guided Psychotherapy : Illustration in the Case of

My case study of “Caroline”—a 26 year old presenting with depression, PTSD symptoms, and a history of sexual abuse as a teenager—represents a “third way” between (1) a strict adherence to a manualized treatment, and (2) a principle-guided therapy, in which the therapy follows particular theoretical concepts, but depends on the therapist’s clinical judgement to flexibly apply them to the individual case. Specifically, in my therapy with Caroline (Kramer, 2009), I employed Foa and Rothbaum’s (1998) cognitive-behavioral, “Prolonged Exposure” (PE) manual for PTSD, but deviated from it in certain ways based upon my evaluation of Caroline’s individualized goals and reactions using Grawe and Caspar’s “Plan Analysis,” which is a crosstheoretical model for assessment and treatment planning. In their commentaries on my case study of Caroline, Caspar (2009) and Haldimann-Balli (see Appendix in Kramer, 2009) support my use of this third way. On the other hand, the other commentators—Muller (2009) and Hembree and Brinen (2009)—critique my handling of the case, arguing that strict adherence to the Foa and Rothbaum manual would have resulted in a more cost-effective therapy. In this article, I respond to the important issues raised by the four commentators. Key-Words: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); prolonged exposure (PE); Plan Analysis; therapeutic relationship; emotional exposure ___________________________________________________________________________
The Co-creation of Locally Useful Knowledge by Business Schools

In the UK, Business Schools are being exhorted by government to engage with local organizations to enhance their competitiveness. However, a historical legacy of providing courses for international students and a research focus upon multi-national firms has constrained the capability of most business schools to contribute in this way. We highlight global examples of business schools recognising the opportunity to develop locally useful knowledge and enhance the capabilities of their students to deploy that knowledge. Business Schools are seen to significantly reposition their offer by developing the leadership skills of local organizations and enhancing the entrepreneurial and problem solving skills of their students for local deployment. We conclude that a sustained emphasis upon faculty and student engagement with local organisations can allow business schools to overcome legacy constraints and thereby contribute more fully to local economic competitiveness for mutual benefit.