Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young–Stieltjes integral, extends the Young–Stieltjes integral for functions with values at points of discontinuity equal to the average of the left and right limits, and it is equivalent to the Young–Stieltjes integral if in addition

The main result is a Young–Stieltjes integral representation of the composition φ ◦ f of two functions f and φ such that for some α ∈ (0, 1], φ has a derivative satisfying a Lipschitz condition of order α, and f has bounded p-variation for some p < 1 + α. If given α ∈ (0, 1], the p-variation of f is bounded for some p < 2 + α, and φ has a second derivative satisfying a Lipschitz condition of order α, then a similar result holds with the Young–Stieltjes integral replaced by its extension.
A statistical survey on death and digital practices. Reflexivity on methodological biases

Constructing a questionnaire, both in terms of methodology and ethics, supposes an exercise in reflexivity, especially when the context relates to a taboo subject such as death. Drawing on a statistical survey aimed mainly at understanding the role of digital technologies in mourning practices, this paper explores a raft of methodological and ethical questions raised by the different steps spanning the design, communication and administration of the survey. We pinpoint the limits of statistical data and the need to supplement these with a qualitative approach as well as “quali-quantitative” data to decipher socio-digital uses in mourning, which relates to the emotive dimension. Keywords : digital, death, statistics, methodology, reflexivity *** La construction d'un questionnaire, tant sur des plans methodologique qu’ethique, suppose un exercice de reflexivite, notamment lorsqu'il intervient dans le contexte d ’ un sujet tabou comme celui de la mort. D’apres une enquete statistique ayant notamment pour objectif de comprendre le role du numerique dans les pratiques de deuil, cet article s’interesse a un ensemble de questions methodologiques et ethiques posees par les differentes etapes de ce questionnaire depuis sa conception en passant par sa communication et passation. Il pointe les limites de la statistique et de la necessite d’user en complement d’une demarche qualitative, voire de donnees « quali-quantitatives » pour decrypter les usages socionumeriques mortuaires, du ressort du sensible Mots-cles : numerique, mort, statistique, methodologie, reflexivite
Randomized benchmarking with confidence

Randomized benchmarking is a promising tool for characterizing the noise in experimental implementations of quantum systems. In this paper, we prove that the estimates produced by randomized benchmarking (both standard and interleaved) for arbitrary Markovian noise sources are remarkably precise by showing that the variance due to sampling random gate sequences is small. We discuss how to choose experimental parameters, in particular the number and lengths of random sequences, in order to characterize average gate errors with rigorous confidence bounds. We also show that randomized benchmarking can be used to reliably characterize time-dependent Markovian noise (e.g., when noise is due to a magnetic field with fluctuating strength). Moreover, we identify a necessary property for time-dependent noise that is violated by some sources of non-Markovian noise, which provides a test for non-Markovianity.
Critical Level of Extractable Phosphorus for Maize (Zea mays L.) at Metekel Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia

Fertilizer recommendation based on choosing an effective soil nutrient extractants and calibrating soil tests against yield responses to applied nutrient has been little used in Ethiopia. An experiment was conducted during 2009, 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons in 35 different farmer fields from five Districts of Metekel zone. Six levels of phosphorus (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg ha -1 ) arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates were used to determine the critical level of phosphorus (P) for maize and to compare Bray II, Olsen and Mehlich III P extraction methods. Grain yield of maize responded positively and significantly to P fertilizer application of the study area. Compared with the control, grain yield increased 19.8 to 35.3% by applications of P fertilizers. Extractable P concentration extracted after three weeks of planting by using three extraction methods were significantly differed among P fertilizer rates. Using the Cate and Nelson graphical method, the critical levels of soil extractable P were 12, 8 and 10 mg P kg -1 soil for Bray II, Olsen and Mehilich III extraction methods, respectively. Results shows that at values less than these critical levels of extractable P, P fertilizers should be applied to increase maize yield. The Bray II P was more correlated (r = 0.38) with relative maize grain yield than and Olsen and Mehlich III extraction methods. In addition, the quantities of P extracted by the three extractants were in the following order: Bray II > Mehlich III > Olsen P extraction method. The result indicated that Bray II was found to be the most suitable as soil testing method for estimating extractable P in the study area.
Instabilities in a high-Reynolds-number boundary layer on a film-coated surface

A high-Reynolds-number asymptotic theory is developed for linear instability waves in a two-dimensional incompressible boundary layer on a flat surface coated with a thin film of a different fluid. The focus in this study is on the influence of the film flow on the lower-branch Tollmien–Schlichting waves, and also on the effect of boundary-layer/potential flow interaction on interfacial instabilities. Accordingly, the film thickness is assumed to be comparable to the thickness of a viscous sublayer in a three-tier asymptotic structure of lower-branch Tollmien–Schlichting disturbances. A fully nonlinear viscous/inviscid interaction formulation is derived, and computational and analytical solutions for small disturbances are obtained for both Tollmien–Schlichting and interfacial instabilities for a range of density and viscosity ratios of the fluids, and for various values of the surface tension coefficient and the Froude number. It is shown that the interfacial instability contains the fastest growing modes and an upper-branch neutral point within the chosen flow regime if the film viscosity is greater than the viscosity of the ambient fluid. For a less viscous film the theory predicts a lower neutral branch of shorter-scale interfacial waves. The film flow is found to have a strong effect on the Tollmien–Schlichting instability, the most dramatic outcome being a powerful destabilization of the flow due to a linear resonance between growing Tollmien–Schlichting and decaying capillary modes. Increased film viscosity also destabilizes Tollmien–Schlichting disturbances, with the maximum growth rate shifted towards shorter waves. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made with experimental observations by Ludwieg & Hornung (1989).
The Effect of Scientific Studies on Students’ Scientific Literacy and Attitude

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of scientific studies on students’ scientific literacy and attitude towards science course. For the study, a middle school science study group was established by randomly selecting 30 students from the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades. Participating students were given information about the programme. Students worked regularly for 12 weeks on topics of scientific research and held discussions on them. Students did research on information they collected during interviews. As a result, many students involved in the science group studies were able to increase their skills through discussion and exchange of views. Before the application, the students in the program were given a test which incorporated scientific literacy and attitude towards science course. Their attitudes about science were assessed and scored using a questionnaire. During the program of study, students were provided with discussion topics by the researcher. An additional goal was to encourage student participation in scientific processes. Twelve weeks after the application, the students were given the same questionnaire and test again. The data obtained were analysed using an SPSS program. Statistical results indicated that the students’ scientific literacy had increased significantly, and that their attitudes towards science were more positive. In terms of both gender and class level of the students, a significant difference emerged after the application, when compared to before the application.
Urban Sprawl in Europe

Changes in urban forms and development patterns are crucial to understanding the role of cities as engines of growth. Urban sprawl is usually defined as the spreading of a city and its suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area. Urban planners emphasize the qualitative aspects of sprawl such as the lack of transportation options and pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods. Conservationists tend to focus on the actual amount of land that has been urbanized by sprawl. Although urban sprawl has been extensively studied in the United States (see, for example, Brueckner 2000, 2001; Glaeser and Kahn 2001, 2004; Nechyba and Walsh 2004), very few empirical studies have been undertaken in Europe. Basic reasons for this lack of research are the conceptual divergences in the U.S. and European geographical definitions of cities and the limitations in the availability of actual data for Europe. Urban sprawl is one of the most important types of land use changes currently affecting Europe. It increasingly creates major impacts on the environment (via surface sealing, emissions by transport, and ecosystem fragmentation), on the social structure of an area (by segregation, lifestyle changes, and neglect of urban centers), and on the economy (via distributed production, land prices, and issues of scale). It is therefore crucial to understand it better.
SHORT COMMUNICATION Do host bark traits influence trunk epiphyte communities

Host bark traits are known to affect the characteristics of epiphyte communities in forests worldwide; however, few investigations of such relationships have been undertaken in New Zealand forests. By examining the trunk epiphyte communities on four co-occurring forest tree species (Agathis australis, Dacrydium cupressinum, Knightia excelsa and Vitex lucens) representing a range of bark characteristics, we sought evidence that bark traits may shape these communities. Sampling was conducted on tree trunks in the Waitakere and Hunua ranges in the Auckland Region. As expected, the rough but lightly shedding bark of Vitex lucens was found to support many epiphytes, whereas the coarsely flaking bark surface of Dacrydium cupressinum supported few epiphytes. Conversely, despite bark with a smooth texture that sheds in large flakes, and contrary to the suggestions of previous authors, Agathis australis trunks were found to support the greatest numbers of epiphytes and this species was one of the most frequent epiphyte hosts. The individual epiphytes found on Agathis australis, however, were significantly smaller and more appressed to the trunk than those on the other trees, and species composition differed from the other host species.
Antioxidative and antibacterial properties of organically grown thyme(Thymus sp.) and basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.)

The biomass per plant and total phenolics (TPH) of ethanol extracts of 3 species of thyme, Thymus vulgaris , T. serpyllum , and T. citriodorus, and 3 varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum ), Genovese, Thai, and Cinnamon, were investigated. All were grown organically. The 2 herbs that showed the greatest biomass were T. citriodorus ( 26.5 g/plant ) and O. basilicum var. Cinnamon (105 g/ plant). For these, total flavonoids (TFL), total flavones and flavonols (TFF), and total flavanones and dihydroflavonols (TFDH) were also determined for their ethanol extracts. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential (AOP) and antibacterial activity were determined against foodborne bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus , Listeria monocytogenes , Campylobacter jejuni , and verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). The highest TPH (36 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents per gram of fresh weight) was seen for T. citriodorus collected in 2010. The thyme ethanol extracts contained more TPH and TFL, and their subgroups of TFF and TFDH, than the ethanol extracts from basil, and had AOP comparable to the ethanol extracts from basil, although all of them were lower than the synthetic antioxidant, t-butylated hydroxytoluene. Drying of these herbs decreased TFF and TFDH, while TPH and TFL remained unchanged (for T. citriodorus ) or even increased (for Cinnamon basil), and AOP was higher than that of the ethanol extracts from the frozen herbs. The antimicrobial activities of these ethanol extracts depended mainly on the bacterial target. They were weak against gram-negative VTEC, while their effects against C. jejuni , S. aureus , and L. monocytogenes correlated with their TPH and chemical compositions.
Destination Visual Image and Expectation of Experiences

ABSTRACT A unique experience is the essence of tourism sought by tourists. The most effective way to communicate the notion of a tourism experience at a destination is to provide visual cues that stimulate the imagination and connect with potential tourists in a personal way. This study aims at understanding how a visual image is relevant to the expectation of experiences by deconstructing images of a destination and interpreting visitors' perceptions of these images and the experiences associated with them. The results suggest that tourists with different understandings of desirable experiences found different contents and notions of images inspired them to visit a destination. Several managerial implications are discussed.
The Patient-Centered Medical Home and Diabetes Mellitus Outcomes: A Systematic Review

The Patient-Centered Medical Home and Diabetes Mellitus Outcomes: A Systematic Review by Lisa S. McManus MSN, Walden University, 2010 BSN, University of South CarolinaAiken, 2003 ADN, Midlands Technical College, 1993 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice
Learners’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Spaced Learning Schedule in L2 Vocabulary Learning

The spacing effect is a ubiquitous phenomenon, whereby memory is enhanced for the information that is learned across different points in time rather than being learned at once. A considerable amount of research has focused on the nature of the spacing effect, and there is general acceptance that spacing learning events out in time promotes learning. However, fewer studies have been conducted in educational settings. The aim of this study is to explore learners’ perceptions of different spacing schedules (massed vs. spaced). To achieve the purpose of the study, we taught 30 children 24 English–Farsi word pairs utilizing different spacing schedules. Later, we administered a questionnaire to explore leaarners’ perceptions of both massed and spaced schedules. The results revealed that the children percieved spaced practice to be more effective than massed practice.
'How would it geel like?' : using haptic imagery to influence online product experiences

In times in which online shopping becomes increasingly important, it is highly relevant to obtain knowledge about possibilities to increase the richness of consumer product experience. In this research, the effects of haptic imagery on the richness of product experience, product liking and purchase intention are investigated. Consumers were exposed to online shopping websites with different combinations of pictures and texts (e.g. haptic text vs. haptic pictures, haptic text vs. non-haptic pictures, non-haptic text vs. haptic pictures, non-haptic text vs. non-haptic pictures, haptic text vs. no pictures and non-haptic text vs. no pictures) to measure the effect of haptic imagery on consumer responses towards two different products: a tactile product (a smartphone) and a non-tactile product (a TV). The results demonstrate that manipulating haptic imagery through pictures and words in case of a tactile product can enrich a consumer’s product experience, but not for the non-tactile product. Also, the effect of manipulating haptic imagery is higher for consumers with a high need for touch. Though this enriched product experience also leads to a higher degree of product liking in case of a tactile product, it appears not to necessarily lead to a higher purchase intention. So as an online marketer, one can efficiently use haptic pictures and text to manipulate haptic imagery resulting in richer product experiences and a higher product liking in case of a tactile product.
Defining Sentence Type

The effect of legal and extralegal factors on felony sentence outcomes has been widely studied, typically using a total incarceration variable that defines sentence outcomes as incarceration or probation. Research conducted by Holleran and Spohn has called this into question, revealing that factors that affected jail sentences were different than those that affected prison sentences and demonstrating that the conclusions one would draw regarding the influence of extralegal offender characteristics such as race and ethnicity differ depending on the way in which sentence was defined. The authors replicate and extend the research conducted by Holleran and Spohn, using several operational definitions of the decision to incarcerate or not, focusing on sentence outcomes for offenders convicted of felonies in a jurisdiction with an indeterminate sentencing system. Results provide compelling evidence in support of Holleran and Spohn.
Research on Applicability of Hot-Bulb Anemometer under Low Pressure

In Mars and other deep space exploration missions, the planetary atmosphere makes the difference in heat transfer characteristics on the planetary surface and on-orbit environment. In order to achieve the purposes of thermal model correction and spacecraft verification in extreme environment, Mars rover needs to be tested in a simulated Mars environment including low pressure, solar heat flux, wind speed and background temperature. Thus, wind speed should be measured at multiple points in the Mars rover thermal test. In a general Mars rover thermal balance test, the requirement for wind speed control and measurement is 0-15m/s under 700Pa pressure. The current anemometer for industrial use is mainly based on the dynamic pressure, heat or ultrasound. They have a small signal and need to be recalibrated at low pressures. In this paper, a constant heat flux hot-bulb anemometer model has been built using dimensionless number analysis method, with which the anemometer response under low pressure has been calculated. A series of calibration test has been employed to verify the model in space environment chamber. The two methods above reached a similar result, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the analysis.
Germination and growth of primary roots of inoculated bean (Vicia faba) seeds under different temperatures

Temperature stress strongly affects legumes, rhizobia, and the efficiency of legumerhizobia interaction. An experiment in 2016 was developed to test the seed germination in Petri dishes using different microorganism inoculation under several temperature treatments (4, 8, 12 and 20 est the effect of rhizobium inoculation under low root zone temperature, and to examine whether the addition of mycorrhiza fungi could enhance rhizobia resistance to abiotic stress and improve faba bean (Vicia faba) germination. Four faba bean cultivars we 1) with rhizobium inoculation; 2) with a commercial preparation containing mycorrhiza fungi; 3) inoculation with both rhizobium and the mycorrhiza fungi preparation; 4) control variant. The number of germinated seeds, the length of the primary root and the primary root weight ratio were determined. The effect of inoculation was found out to be dependent not only on the temperature treatment, but it also significantly varied between the bean cultivars. Variants where seeds were inoculated with both mycorrhiza and rhizobia resulted in the highest results (length and weight ratio of primary roots), comparing with other inoculation variants, regardless of temperature. Variants where seeds were treated only with rhizobia mostly showed the lowest results both length and weight ratio of primary roots, especially under treatment of 4 inoculation with only rhizobia might not be efficient, when sowing seeds under a low temperature stress. Inoculation with both rhizobia and mycorrhiza fungi could be a potential solution, when the root zone temperature is still below the optimal temperature.
Scientific Opinion on the risks for public and animal health related to the presence of citrinin in food and feed

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on the health risks from citrinin in food and feed. Citrinin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus and occurs mainly in stored grains. The available occurrence data were not adequate to carry out a dietary exposure assessment. Citrinin is nephrotoxic and a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 20 μg/kg body weight (b.w.) per day was identified from a 90-day study in rats. Due to the limitations and uncertainties in the database, the derivation of a health-based guidance value was not considered appropriate but a level of no concern for nephrotoxicity of 0.2 μg/kg b.w. per day was determined. Based on the available data a concern for genotoxicity and carcinogenicity could not be excluded at the level of no concern for nephrotoxicity. In the absence of adequate exposure data, characterisation of the risk of citrinin as a food contaminant was based on the estimate of the citrinin concentrations in grains and grain-based products that would result in an exposure equal to the level of no concern for nephrotoxicity. For high consuming toddlers, other children and adults this citrinin concentration is between 9 and 53 μg citrinin/kg and between 19 and 100 μg citrinin/kg for average consumers, respectively. For animals, risk characterisation was based on the estimate of the citrinin concentration in grains that would result in exceedance of the NOAEL of 20 μg/kg b.w. per day for pigs, which ranged between 640 and 1 173 μg/kg. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the impact of uncertainties on the risk assessment is large, and more data regarding the toxicity and the occurrence of citrinin in food and feed in Europe are needed to enable refinement of the risk assessment.
Genesis and evolution of dust in galaxies in the early Universe - II. Rapid dust evolution in quasars at z ≳ 6

Aims. We intend to assess the most plausible scenarios for generating large amounts of dust in high-z quasars (QSOs) on the basis of observationally derived physical properties of QSOs at z 6. Methods. We use a chemical evolution model to compute the temporal progression of quantities such as the amount of dust and gas, stellar masses, star formation rates (SFRs) and the metallicity for various combinations of the initial mass function (IMF), the mass of the galaxy, dust production efficiencies, and the degree of dust destruction in the ISM. We investigate the influence of the SFR on the evolution of these quantities, and determine the earliest epochs at which agreement with observations can be achieved. We apply the obtained results to individual QSOs at z 6. Results. We find that large quantities of dust can be generated rapidly as early as 30 Myr after the onset of the starburst when the SFR .