Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Zurich, November 2012.

Paul McCrory, MBBS, PhD*; Willem H. Meeuwisse, MD, PhD†; Mark Aubry, MD‡; Robert C. Cantu, MD§; Jiři Dvořak, MD||; Ruben J. Echemendia, PhD¶; Lars Engebretsen, MD, PhD#; Karen Johnston, MD, PhD**; Jeffrey S. Kutcher, MD††; Martin Raftery, MBBS‡‡; Allen Sills, MD§§; Brian W. Benson, MD, PhD||||; Gavin A. Davis, MBBS¶¶; Richard Ellenbogen, MD##; Kevin M. Guskiewicz, PhD***; Stanley A. Herring, MD†††; Grant L. Iverson, PhD‡‡‡; Barry D. Jordan, MD§§§; James Kissick, MD||||||; Michael McCrea, PhD¶¶¶; Andrew S. McIntosh, PhD###; David Maddocks, LLB, PhD****; Michael Makdissi, MBBS, PhD††††; Laura Purcell, MD‡‡‡‡; Margot Putukian, MD§§§§; Kathryn Schneider, PhD||||||||; Charles H. Tator, MD, PhD¶¶¶¶; Michael Turner, MD####
Kinetic analysis of demethylation of 13C-aminopyrine in healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVE To describe the kinetics of demethylation of 13C-aminopyrine in healthy dogs for use in determining the most appropriate time for collection of blood samples for a 13C-aminopyrine demethylation blood test for evaluation of hepatic function. ANIMALS 9 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES A 2-mL baseline blood sample was collected into an evacuated heparinized tube, and 13C-aminopyrine was administered to each dog (2 mg/kg, IV). Additional 2-mL blood samples were collected 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 180, 240, 300, and 360 minutes after 13C-aminopyrine administration. The CO2 was extracted from blood samples by addition of a strong acid, and the percentage dose of 13CO2 (PCD) in the extracted gas was determined by fractional mass spectrometry. RESULTS No dogs had gross evidence of adverse effects, and all had an increase in PCD after IV administration of 13C-aminopyrine. The PCD had the least variability among 5 variables used to evaluate hepatic demethylating capacity. Peak PCD was detected at 30 minutes in 1 dog, 45 minutes in 5 dogs, 60 minutes in 2 dogs, and 75 minutes in 1 dog. The mean PCD for the 9 dogs peaked at 45 minutes after 13C-aminopyrine administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE PCD appears to be the preferable variable for evaluation of hepatic demethylating capacity. Intravenous administration of 13C-aminopyrine leads to a consistent increase in PCD. Mean PCD peaked 45 minutes after administration, suggesting that blood sample collection 45 minutes after 13C-aminopyrine administration may be appropriate for use in estimating hepatic demethylating capacity.
The influence of alloying elements on metastable NiSn4 in Sn-Ag solders on Ni-containing metallizations

Sn-Ag based solders are a popular Pb-free alternative in consumer electronics and have a relatively long history with a large body of dedicated research. Past research has primarily focused on the formation of interfacial intermetallic (IMC) layers and the growth of ßSn, and little attention has been paid to Ni-containing IMCs that form in the bulk solder when Sn-Ag alloys are soldered to Ni-containing metallizations. The present study illustrates a new phenomenon: formation of metastable NiSn<sub>4</sub> as a primary and a eutectic phase in solder joints between Sn-Ag solders and Ni-containing surface finishes. The metastable NiSn<sub>4</sub> was demonstrated to transform into ßSn and equilibrium Ni<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>4</sub> IMC phase during ageing at 150°C. Impact shear tests suggested a significant drop in solder joint mechanical response when larger than 2μm NiSn<sub>4</sub> crystals were present in the solder bulk. Further exploration of the influence of alloying elements on metastable NiSn<sub>4</sub> in solder joints yielded three scenarios: (i) Au, Pt, Pd and Co promoted NiSn<sub>4</sub> formation and increased its volume fraction by substituting for Ni atoms in NiSn<sub>4</sub>; (ii) Bi, In, Fe and Pb additions appeared to have little or no discernible effect on NiSn<sub>4</sub> and (iii) Cu was found to promote equilibrium Ni<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>4</sub> phase formation that replaces metastable NiSn<sub>4</sub> at Cu levels above 0.3wt%.
Electrophysiological and therapeutic implications of cardiac arrhythmias in hypertension.

UNLABELLED Hypertension, especially if associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), is a risk factor in complex ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). To determine the effectiveness of the clinical use of programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) we studied 40 symptomatic hypertensive patients after excluding coronary heart disease (CHD), as characterized by dizziness and palpitation, syncope, aborted SCD and/or documented complex VA. PVS revealed a normal result, i.e. a maximum of six ventricular echobeats, in 70% (group A) and a pathological result, i.e. ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF) in 30% (group B). Both groups differed significantly with respect to LV (left ventricular) muscle mass: 158 +/- 45 (A) vs. 222 +/- 112 (B) g.m-2, LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction): 71 +/- 17% (A) vs. 47 +/- 18% (B) and LV end-systolic volume index: 34 +/- 25 (A) vs. 63 +/- 27 (B) ml.m-2. Coronary reserve was comparably reduced in both groups: 2.6 +/- 1.0 (A) vs. 2.3 +/- 0.6 (B). In 3/8 (37%) patients with aborted SCD and VT/VF the clinical VA (2/2 VT and 1/6 VF) could be induced, whereas in the remaining five patients nsVT or no complex VA was induced. The therapeutic regimen included no drugs in 30%, beta-blockers in 50%, serial drug testing in 12% and implantation of an automatic cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) in 8% of patients. Ventricular late potentials (LPs), detected by the signal averaging electrocardiogram, represent zones of delayed myocardial activation, which may become an origin of ventricular tachycardias. Three criteria constitute a positive LP: (1) QRS duration greater than 114 ms, (2) root mean square voltage of the last 40 ms less than 20 microV and (3) duration of low amplitude signal below 40 microV greater than 38 ms. To look for the prognostic value of LP in hypertension we investigated 43 hypertensive patients without evidence of CHD. All three criteria were positive in 4/43 patients (9%), three of them demonstrating inducible monomorphic VT during PVS. 17/30 patients (56%) with LVH had at least one positive criterion, whereas only one out of 13 patients without left ventricular hypertrophy (8%) had one positive criterion. Symptomatic patients presenting with syncope, aborted SCD or documented VT/VF differed significantly from patients without symptoms or complex arrhythmias in regard to all three criteria. CONCLUSION In hypertensive heart disease clinical arrhythmias as well as the result of electrophysiological testing are closely related to left ventricular performance and hypertrophy. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Role of poultry meat in sporadic Campylobacter infections in Bosnia and Herzegovina: laboratory-based study.

AIM To investigate genetic diversity and specificity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains isolated from humans, retail poultry meat, and live farm chickens in Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and identify the role of poultry meat in sporadic Campylobacter infections. METHODS We determined the type of Campylobacter species using standard microbiological methods and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and performed pulsed field gel-electrophoresis (PFGE) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing of the flaA gene to investigate genetic diversity among the isolates. RESULTS We isolated C jejuni and C coli from 75 (5.2%) of 1453 samples of consecutive outpatients with sporadic diarrhea; from 51 (34.7%) of 147 samples of poultry meat; and from 15 out of 23 farm chicken samples. The proportion of C coli found among human (30.1%), poultry meat (56.9%), and farm chicken isolates (53.3%), was greater than the proportion of C jejuni. Fourteen and 24 PFGE genotypes were identified among 20 C coli and 37 C jejuni isolates, respectively. Identical PFGE genotypes were found in two cases of human and poultry meat isolates and two cases of poultry meat and farm chicken isolates. CONCLUSION Only a minority of human Campylobacter isolates shared identical PFGE type with poultry meat isolates. Although poultry is the source of a certain number of human infections, there may be other more important sources. Further research is required to identify the environmental reservoir of Campylobacter spp responsible for causing human disease and the reason for the high prevalence of C coli human infections in this region.
Determination of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Alcoholic Extract from Pleurotus ostreatus M2191 Mycelium Obtained in the Presence of Various Nitrogen Sources

The purpose of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from the freeze-dried mycelium of the Pleurotus ostreatus M2191 strain, obtained in the presence of corn, malt, yeast extracts and peptone. Ethanolic extracts were investigated for total phenols and flavonoid contents, and free radicals scavenging activity. Antioxidant activity was calculated by the reducing power assay, the scavenging effect on DPPH radicals. There were noticed differences, usually above 24%, between the mycelium quantities obtained in the presence of the four nitrogen sources. The malt extract determined the highest quantities of phenols, flavanoids and β-carotene, which caused the lowest value of EC 50 , of 0.18 mg/mL. For the four types of mycelium extracts, the antimicrobial activity was also determined. The antimicrobial capacity was screened against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and fungi. The extract obtained in the presence of peptone selectively inhibited the growth of Gram positive and negative bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6588, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 being the most susceptible one. Fungi were the most resistant to the extracts.
Modelling and image processing of microtubule dynamics and organisation

Microtubules, dynamic protein polymers, form networks that are essential for intracellular organisation. Involved in many cellular processes that are vital in development and homeostasis, improper regulation of the microtubule network is implicated in various diseases. This work addresses the relationships between microtubule dynamics and organisation, using image processing and modelling, focussing on two features of microtubule organisation: radiality and alignment. The hypothesis that radiality results from modulation of dynamics at the cell periphery was tested. Firstly, cells in which the small GTPase Rac1 was inhibited were used as a model for perturbed radiality. Measurements of microtubule dynamics in central and peripheral regions showed that Rac1 inhibition alters microtubule dynamics and the orientation of their growth at the cell periphery. Further investigation was carried out with a simple 1-dimensional, two-area dynamics model, which confirmed that a two-area dynamics system is sufficient to target microtubules to a given length. The propensity to grow of any given dynamics parameters is a major determinant of the accuracy of length targeting, while the extent of pausing and the average length have a modulatory effect on accuracy. Simulation of measured dynamics indicated that two-area dynamics may contribute to radiality in reality, but that this mechanism may work in concert with other cortex-specific processes. The alignment of microtubules was quantified with a new application of the Fourier transform. Depletion of +TIP protein EB2 produced highlyaligned microtubules, and inhibition of formins rescued this phenotype. Inhibition of Rac1 produced less-aligned microtubules in otherwise unperturbed cells, while in EB2-depleted cells, microtubules were further aligned. The method was also used to quantify alignment in plant microtubule arrays. This work presents a set of analyses that test ideas as to how the microtubule network is organised, and highlight interesting relationships between dynamics and organisation that will yield exciting future investigation.
Compact model of a wireless power transfer system

This work presents the application of mathematical methods of model order reduction (MOR) for automatic generation of highly accurate, compact models for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. A Second Order Arnoldi (SOAR) algorithm was implemented to automatically compute a compact model, which is highly accurate, but demands several orders of magnitude smaller CPU time. Thus, it can be used for the co-simulation of the WPT setup with electrical circuitry.
Stabilization of the tumor suppressor p53 during cellular transformation by simian virus 40: influence of viral and cellular factors and biological consequences

To understand the process and biological significance of metabolic stabilization of p53 during simian virus 40 (SV40)-induced cellular transformation, we analyzed cellular and viral parameters involved in this process. We demonstrate that neither large T expression as such nor the cellular phenotype (normal versus transformed) markedly influence the stability of p53 complexed to large T in SV40 abortively infected BALB/c mouse fibroblasts. In contrast, metabolic stabilization of p53 is an active cellular event, specifically induced by SV40. The ability of SV40 to induce a cellular response leading to stabilization of p53 complexed to large T is independent from the cellular phenotype and greatly varies between different cells. However, metabolic stability was conferred only to p53 in complex with large T, whereas the free p53 in these cells remained metabolically unstable. Comparative analyses of cellular transformation in various cells differing in stability of p53 complexed to large T upon abortive infection with SV40 revealed a strong correlation between the ability of SV40 to induce metabolic stabilization and its transformation efficiency. Our data suggest that metabolic stabilization and the ensuing enhanced levels of p53 are important for initiation and/or maintenance of SV40 transformation.
Use of Folic Acid–Containing Supplements after a Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry

Background: Supplement use among cancer patients is high, and folic acid intake in particular may adversely affect the progression of colorectal cancer. Few studies have evaluated the use of folic acid–containing supplements (FAS) and its predictors in colorectal cancer patients. Objective: To assess the use of FAS, change in use, and its predictors after colorectal cancer diagnosis. Design: We used logistic regression models to investigate predictors of FAS use and its initiation after colorectal cancer diagnosis in 1,092 patients recruited through the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Results: The prevalence of FAS use was 35.4% before and 55.1% after colorectal cancer diagnosis (P = 0.004). Women were more likely than men to use FAS after diagnosis [odds ratio (OR), 1.47; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.14-1.89], as were those consuming more fruit (Ptrend < 0.0001) or vegetables (Ptrend = 0.001), and U.S. residents (P < 0.0001). Less likely to use FAS after diagnosis were nonwhite patients (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.97), current smokers (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.96), and those with higher meat intake (Ptrend = 0.03). Predictors of FAS initiation after diagnosis were generally similar to those of FAS use after diagnosis, although associations with race and vegetable intake were weaker and those with exercise stronger. Conclusions: Our analysis showed substantial increases in the use of FAS after diagnosis with colorectal cancer, with use or initiation more likely among women, Caucasians, U.S. residents, and those with a health-promoting life-style. Impact: Studies of cancer prognosis that rely on prediagnostic exposure information may result in substantial misclassification. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2023–34. ©2010 AACR.
Population dynamics of the pea crab Austinixa aidae (Brachyura, Pinnotheridae): a symbiotic of the ghost shrimp Callichirus major (Thalassinidea, Callianassidae) from the southwestern Atlantic

The Pinnotheridae family is one of the most diverse and complex groups of brachyuran crabs, many of them symbionts of a wide variety of invertebrates. The present study describes the population dynamics of the pea crab Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967), a symbiont associated with the burrows of the ghost shrimp Callichirus major (Say, 1818). Individuals (n = 588) were collected bimonthly from May, 2005 to September, 2006 along a sandy beach in the southwestern Atlantic, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Our data indicated that the population demography of A. aidae was characterized by a bimodal size-frequency distribution (between 2.0 and 4.0 mm and between 8.0 and 9.0 mm CW) that remained similar throughout the study period. Sex ratio does not differ significantly from 1:1 (p > 0.05), which confirms the pattern observed in other symbiontic pinnotherids. Density values (1.72 ± 1.34 ind. • ap.-1) are in agreement with those found for other species of the genus. The mean symbiosis incidence (75.6%) was one of the highest among species of the Pinnotheridae family, but it was the lowest among the three studied species of the genus. Recruitment pattern was annual, beginning in May and peaking in July, in both years, after the peak of ovigerous females in the population (from March to May). Our findings describe ecological and biological aspects of A. aidae similar to those of other species of this genus, even from different geographic localities.
Tunneling Field-Effect Transistor: Effect of Strain and Temperature on Tunneling Current

We report the first study of the effect of strain on tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) characteristics. Double-gate silicon TFETs were employed. It was found that tensile strain increases the drain current, whereas compressive strain reduces the drain current. This is attributed to strain-induced band splitting and carrier repopulation and provides guidelines on strain engineering of TFETs. An elaborate study of the dependence of the electrical characteristics of TFET on temperature is also reported. It was observed that on-state tunneling current exhibits a positive temperature dependence at low drain bias condition (V DS = 1 V), whereas opposite behavior was observed when V DS = 1.5 V. When the device temperature is increased, enhancement of the drain current at V DS = 1 V results from band gap narrowing, whereas reduction in the drain current at V DS = 1.5 V is attributed to the decrease in the electric field at the tunneling junction.
IS A FAMILIAL DEFINITION OF DEPRESSION BOTH FEASIBLE AND VALID?

On the basis of familial constellations it is possible to separate out most of the unipolar depressive patients that are seen in the hospital. The groups may be called depression spectrum disease, pure depressive disease, and sporadic depressive disease. The sporadic depressive disease group is older at onset and older at index of admission than the other two groups. The depression spectrum disease and pure depressive disease groups are separated by virtue of the fact that there are more episodes of illness in the latter.
Regulation of Phospholipase D Activity and Phosphatidic Acid Production after Purinergic (P2Y6) Receptor Stimulation*

Background: Phosphatidic acid is a key lipid second messenger often generated after receptor stimulation. Results: After P2Y6 receptor stimulation both PLD and DGK enzymes are responsible for producing PA species. Conclusion: DGK facilitates a negative regulation of PLD and tightly controls PA levels. Significance: Further understanding the PA signaling network is critical to developing next generation therapeutics for human diseases. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a lipid second messenger located at the intersection of several lipid metabolism and cell signaling events including membrane trafficking, survival, and proliferation. Generation of signaling PA has long been primarily attributed to the activation of phospholipase D (PLD). PLD catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine into PA. A variety of both receptor-tyrosine kinase and G-protein-coupled receptor stimulations have been shown to lead to PLD activation and PA generation. This study focuses on profiling the PA pool upon P2Y6 receptor signaling manipulation to determine the major PA producing enzymes. Here we show that PLD, although highly active, is not responsible for the majority of stable PA being produced upon UDP stimulation of the P2Y6 receptor and that PA levels are tightly regulated. By following PA flux in the cell we show that PLD is involved in an initial increase in PA upon receptor stimulation; however, when PLD is blocked, the cell compensates by increasing PA production from other sources. We further delineate the P2Y6 signaling pathway showing that phospholipase Cβ3 (PLCβ3), PLCδ1, DGKζ and PLD are all downstream of receptor activation. We also show that DGKζ is a novel negative regulator of PLD activity in this system that occurs through an inhibitory mechanism with PKCα. These results further define the downstream events resulting in PA production in the P2Y6 receptor signaling pathway.
Reflex effect of esophageal distension on respiratory muscle activity and pressure.

The electrical activity of the respiratory skeletal muscles is altered in response to reflexes originating in the gastrointestinal tract. The present study evaluated the reflex effects of esophageal distension (ED) on the distribution of motor activity to both inspiratory and expiratory muscles of the rib cage and abdomen and the resultant changes in thoracic and abdominal pressure during breathing. Studies were performed in 21 anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs. ED was produced by inflating a balloon in the distal esophagus. ED decreased the activity of the costal and crural diaphragm and external intercostals and abolished all preexisting electrical activity in the expiratory muscles of the abdominal wall. On the other hand, ED increased the activity of the parasternal intercostals and expiratory muscles located in the rib cage (i.e., triangularis sterni and internal intercostal). All effects of ED were graded, with increasing distension exerting greater effects, and were eliminated by vagotomy. The effect of increases in chemical drive and lung inflation reflex activity on the response to ED was examined by performing ED while animals breathed either 6.5% CO2 or against graded levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), respectively. Changes in respiratory muscle electrical activity induced by ED were similar (during 6.5% CO2 and PEEP) to those observed under control conditions. We conclude that activation of mechanoreceptors in the esophagus reflexly alters the distribution of motor activity to the respiratory muscles, inhibiting the muscles surrounding the abdominal cavity and augmenting the parasternals and expiratory muscles of the chest wall.