Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pex3p Initiates the Formation of a Preperoxisomal Compartment from a Subdomain of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

Peroxisomes are dynamic organelles that often proliferate in response to compounds that they metabolize. Peroxisomes can proliferate by two apparent mechanisms, division of preexisting peroxisomes and de novo synthesis of peroxisomes. Evidence for de novo peroxisome synthesis comes from studies of cells lacking the peroxisomal integral membrane peroxin Pex3p. These cells lack peroxisomes, but peroxisomes can assemble upon reintroduction of Pex3p. The source of these peroxisomes has been the subject of debate. Here, we show that the amino-terminal 46 amino acids of Pex3p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae target to a subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum and initiate the formation of a preperoxisomal compartment for de novo peroxisome synthesis. In vivo video microscopy showed that this preperoxisomal compartment can import both peroxisomal matrix and membrane proteins leading to the formation of bona fide peroxisomes through the continued activity of full-length Pex3p. Peroxisome formation from the preperoxisomal compartment depends on the activity of the genes PEX14 and PEX19, which are required for the targeting of peroxisomal matrix and membrane proteins, respectively. Our findings support a direct role for the endoplasmic reticulum in de novo peroxisome formation.
BERT Loses Patience: Fast and Robust Inference with Early Exit

In this paper, we propose Patience-based Early Exit, a straightforward yet effective inference method that can be used as a plug-and-play technique to simultaneously improve the efficiency and robustness of a pretrained language model (PLM). To achieve this, our approach couples an internal-classifier with each layer of a PLM and dynamically stops inference when the intermediate predictions of the internal classifiers remain unchanged for a pre-defined number of steps. Our approach improves inference efficiency as it allows the model to make a prediction with fewer layers. Meanwhile, experimental results with an ALBERT model show that our method can improve the accuracy and robustness of the model by preventing it from overthinking and exploiting multiple classifiers for prediction, yielding a better accuracy-speed trade-off compared to existing early exit methods.
Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Serotonin Syndrome With Concomitant Use of Serotonergic Agents: A Retrospective Study Utilizing Two Large US Claims Databases.

Objective Serotonin syndrome (SS) is an adverse drug reaction occurring among patients receiving serotonergic agents (SAs), and although SAs are commonly prescribed, the epidemiology and economic burden of SS with concomitant SA use have not been comprehensively examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, incidence, and economic burden of SS with SA use. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) records (identification period: October 1, 2008-September 30, 2012) and commercially insured patient records (Intercontinental Marketing Services PharMetrics Plus; identification period: January 1, 2010-December 31, 2013). Cohorts were based on drug classification and exposure: single monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), MAOIs in combination with SAs, single non-MAOI SA, and multiple non-MAOI SAs (2, 3, 4, ≥ 5). Participants were aged ≥ 18 years with continuous health plan enrollment for 12 months prior to the first SA claim. Outcomes were SS events (ICD-9-CM: 333.99), annual incidence and prevalence, related health care utilization and costs, and SS incidence relative risk. Results Over 15 million patients were identified and categorized by SA prescription type. SS incidence in both populations decreased: 0.19%-0.07% (VHA) and 0.17%-0.09% (commercially insured). Overall SS prevalence decreased during the study period. Compared to single non-MAOI SA patients, SS incidence relative risk was highest among patients prescribed ≥ 5 non-MAOI SAs. Inpatient stays accounted for 4.35% (VHA) and 0.88% (commercially insured) of all SS events. Of SS-related inpatient stays, median costs were $8,765 (VHA) and $10,792 (commercially insured). Conclusions SS incidence and prevalence and SS-related hospitalization risk among patients prescribed SAs were low in both populations. This study provides additional information regarding SS risk associated with SA use.
Robust Two-factor smart card authentication

Being very resilient devices, smart cards have been commonly used for two-factor authentication schemes. However, the possibility of side-channel attacks renders private data stored in the cards vulnerable to compromise. With this in mind, we propose an authentication protocol that incorporates a second factor, which is as a password, in addition to the smart card. The scheme is aimed to withstand most common security breaches as well as compromised smart card scenarios and offline dictionary attacks on the passwords. Details of a reference implementation are also given along with performance evaluation of the proposed protocol comparing to the literature. Performance analyses show that the proposed protocol outperforms existing solutions in the literature. Moreover, the computational cost of the proposed protocol is less than 2 seconds on our reference implementation that uses commercially available smart cards.
The addition of GnRH antagonists in intrauterine insemination cycles with mild ovarian hyperstimulation does not increase live birth rates--a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND This multicenter, double-blinded RCT investigated the efficacy of GnRH antagonists in cycles with mild ovarian hyperstimulation (MOH) followed by IUI in subfertile women. METHODS Couples diagnosed with unexplained, male factor subfertility or associated with the presence of minimal or mild endometriosis were randomized with a computer-generated list of numbers by a third party in a double-blinded setting to receive either a GnRH antagonists or a placebo in 12 institutional or academic hospitals. All women were treated with recombinant FSH in a low-dose step-up regimen starting on Day 2-4 of the cycle. A GnRH antagonist was added when one or more follicles of 14 mm diameter or more were visualized. When at least one follicle reached a size of ≥18 mm, ovulation was induced by hCG injection. A single IUI was performed 38-40 h later. Couples were offered a maximum of three consecutive cycles. The primary outcome of the trial was live births. Secondary outcomes were pregnancy rates, multiple pregnancy rates, miscarriages and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rate. RESULTS A total of 233 couples were included from January 2006 to February 2009, starting 572 treatment cycles. Live birth rates were not significantly different between the group treated with GnRH antagonist (8.4%; 23/275) and the placebo group (12%; 36/297) (P = 0.30). Three twin pregnancies occurred in the GnRH antagonist group and two twin pregnancies in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Adding a GnRH antagonist in cycles with MOH in an IUI program does not increase live birth rates. Dutch Trial Register no: NTR497.
Total intravenous anesthesia in greyhounds: pharmacokinetics of propofol and fentanyl--a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate concomitant propofol and fentanyl infusions as an anesthetic regime, in Greyhounds. ANIMALS Eight clinically normal Greyhounds (four male, four female) weighing 25.58 +/- 3.38 kg. DESIGN Prospective experimental study. METHODS Dogs were premedicated with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) by intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Forty five minutes later anesthesia was induced with a bolus of propofol (4 mg/kg) by intravenous (i.v.) injection and a propofol infusion was begun (time = 0). Five minutes after induction of anesthesia, fentanyl (2 microg/kg) and atropine (40 microg/kg) were administered i.v. and a fentanyl infusion begun. Propofol infusion (0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg/min) lasted for 90 minutes and fentanyl infusion (0.1 to 0.5 microg/kg/min) for 70 minutes. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, body temperature, and depth of anesthesia were recorded. The quality of anesthesia, times to return of spontaneous ventilation, extubation, head lift, and standing were also recorded. Blood samples were collected for propofol and fentanyl analysis at varying times before, during and after anesthesia. RESULTS Mean heart rate of all dogs varied from 52 to 140 beats/min during the infusion. During the same time period, mean blood pressure ranged from 69 to 100 mm Hg. On clinical assessment, all dogs appeared to be in light surgical anesthesia. Mean times (+/- SEM), after termination of the propofol infusion, to return of spontaneous ventilation, extubation, head lift and standing for all dogs were 26 +/- 7, 30 +/- 7, 59 +/- 12, and 105 +/- 13 minutes, respectively. Five out of eight dogs either whined or paddled their forelimbs in recovery. Whole blood concentration of propofol for all eight dogs ranged from 1.21 to 6.77 microg/mL during the infusion period. Mean residence time (MRTinf) for propofol was 104.7 +/- 6.0 minutes, mean body clearance (Clb) was 53.35 +/- 0.005 mL/kg/min, and volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 3.27 +/- 0.49 L/kg. Plasma concentration of fentanyl for seven dogs during the infusion varied from 1.22 to 4.54 ng/mL. Spontaneous ventilation returned when plasma fentanyl levels were >0.77 and <1.17 ng/mL. MRTinf for fentanyl was 111.3 +/- 5.7 minutes. Mean body clearance was 29.1 +/- 2.2 mL/kg/min and Vdss was 2.21 +/- 0.19 L/kg. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In Greyhounds which were not undergoing any surgical stimulation, total intravenous anesthesia maintained with propofol and fentanyl infusions induced satisfactory anesthesia, provided atropine was given to counteract bradycardia. Despite some unsatisfactory recoveries the technique is worth investigating further for clinical cases, in this breed and in mixed breed dogs.
Lensless Imaging and Sensing Aydogan Ozcan

High-resolution optical microscopy has traditionally relied on highmagnification and high–numerical aperture objective lenses. In contrast, lensless microscopy can provide high-resolution images without the use of any focusing lenses, offering the advantages of a large field of view, high resolution, cost-effectiveness, portability, and depth-resolved threedimensional (3D) imaging. Here we review various approaches to lensless imaging, as well as its applications in biosensing, diagnostics, and cytometry. These approaches include shadow imaging, fluorescence, holography, superresolution 3D imaging, iterative phase recovery, and color imaging. These approaches share a reliance on computational techniques, which are typically necessary to reconstruct meaningful images from the raw data captured by digital image sensors. When these approaches are combined with physical innovations in sample preparation and fabrication, lensless imaging can be used to image and sense cells, viruses, nanoparticles, and biomolecules. We conclude by discussing several ways in which lensless imaging and sensing might develop in the near future. 77 Review in Advance first posted online on January 25, 2016. (Changes may still occur before final publication online and in print.) Changes may still occur before final publication online and in print A nn u. R ev . B io m ed . E ng . 2 01 6. 18 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w . a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y U ni ve rs ity o f C al if or ni a L os A ng el es U C L A o n 01 /2 8/ 16 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. BE18CH04-Ozcan ARI 18 January 2016 12:58
Studies on the development of a vaccine against bovine ephemeral fever.

TH~ODO~IDIS, ~. , BOSH OFF, S. E. T. & BOTHA, M. J., 1973, Studies on ,the development of a yaccme agamst bovme ephemeral fever. Onderstepoort J. vet. Res., 1973. 40 (3), 77-82, (1973). ~ovine ~Ph<:meral fever virus of low passage level (5th to 8th) in tissue culture has proved to be more ant1gemc for cattle than higher passage level (17th to 19th) or mouse-brain-adapted virus. However, the neutralizing antibody response appears to be short-lived and therefore probably provides inadequate protection. Similar results were obtained when ephemeral fever virus of both low and high passage level was adsorbed onto aluminium hydroxide and inoculated into cattle. Emulsions of ephemeral fever virus of both low and high passage level in Freund's incomplete mmeral oil adjuvant induced high neutralizing antibody titres in vaccinated cattle. These antibodies wen~ detectable for at least a year and the animals were found to be immune when infected with virulent bovine ephemeral fever virus.
Isoprenaline : A tool for inducing myocardial infarction in experimental animal

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) remain the principal cause of death in both developed and developing countries, accounting for roughly 20% of all worldwide deaths per year. Due to changing lifestyles in developing countries, such as India and particularly urban areas, Myocardial infarction is making an increasingly important contribution to mortality statistics. Myocardial infarction is defined as an acute condition of necrosis of the myocardium that occurs as a result of imbalance between coronary blood supply and myocardial demand. Isoprenaline/Isoproterenol (ISO) is a synthetic catecholamine and beta adrenergic agonist, which causes severe stress in the myocardium, resulting in an infarct like necrosis of the heart muscle in experimental animal. ISO-induced myocardial infarction serves as a well standardized model because the pathophysiological changes in heart muscle of experimental animal, similar to that observed in human myocardial infarction. The present studies cover the cardioprotective activity of various drugs against Isoprenaline induced Myocardial infarction in animal model.
Use of Bioluminescence for Detection of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms Released into the Environment

The persistence and movement of strain JS414 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which was genetically engineered to bioluminesce, were monitored during a limited field introduction. Bioluminescence and traditional dilution plate counts were determined. Strain JS414 was applied to cabbage plants and surrounding soil by mist inoculation, by wound inoculation, by scattering infested debris among plants, and by incorporating bacteria into the soil. Bioluminescent X. campestris pv. campestris was detected in plant samples and in the rhizosphere up to 6 weeks after inoculation. Movement to uninoculated plants was detected on one occasion, but movement from the immediate release area was not detected. Strain JS414 was detected in soil samples beneath mist- and wound-inoculated plants only at intentionally infested locations and in aerial samples only on the day of inoculation. Our bioluminescence methods proved to be as sensitive as plating methods for detecting the genetically engineered microorganisms in environmental samples. Our results demonstrate that transgenic incorporation of the luxCDABE operon provides a non-labor-intensive, sensitive detection method for monitoring genetically engineered microorganisms in nature.
Formative Perspectives on the Relation Between CSR Communication and CSR Practices: Pathways for Walking, Talking, and T(w)alking

Within the burgeoning corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication literature, the question of the relationship between CSR practices and CSR communication (or between “walk” and “talk”) has been a central concern. Recently, we observe a growing interest in formative views on the relation between CSR communication and practices, that is, works which ascribe to communication a constitutive role in creating, maintaining, and transforming CSR practices. This article provides an overview of the heterogeneous landscape of formative views on CSR communication scholarship. More specifically, we distinguish between three variants of such formative views: walking-to-talk, talking-to-walk, and t(w)alking. These three orientations differ primarily regarding the temporal dynamics that they ascribe to the relation between CSR communication and practices and regarding the object that is formed through communication. This new typology helps systematize the emerging field of research on CSR communication, and we use it as a compass to provide directions for future research in this area.
Analog signal processing for a class D audio amplifier in 65 nm CMOS technology

Class D audio amplifiers provide high quality audio signals with very good efficiency. This makes them not only useful for high power home audio equipment and television, but also for battery powered portable devices. This paper shows details of an analog signal processor for a class D output stage which provides the audio output for a hands-free amplifier in mobile telephones. Two differential stages including output drivers have been successfully implemented on a combined baseband and audio chip using the thick oxide option of a 65 nm (gate width) CMOS process.
Anti-Oxidant Status of Male Adults with and without Prostate Cancer in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Recent studies show increasing prostate cancer incidence in Nigeria. Significant correlations identified between diet and prostate cancer occurrence, indicate that low antioxidant status could contribute to the aetiology of prostate cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study determined selected antioxidants (lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol) status of 10 (Experimental group) and 17 (Control) male adults with and without PC, recruited from the Urological Section of the Surgical Out-patients’ Department, University College Hospital and the General Out-patient Clinic of the Ring Road State Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Demographic characteristics were assessed using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Daily antioxidant intakes were assessed and analyzed using 24-hour dietary recall, and an adapted version of the food database “Total Diet Assessment”. Serum lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: The mean age of the PC and the control (72.8 ± 6.2 years and 59.8 ± 4.8 years) was significantly different (p = 0.001). Mean daily lycopene intake (1408.4 ± 233.2 μg) of the PC was significantly lower (P = 0.030) than the controls (3862.3±316.2μg). The mean serum lycopene (19.8 ± 13.2 ng/ml), beta-carotene (43.6 ± 26.0 ng/ml) and retinol (362.2 ± 304.3ng/ml) of the PC were significantly lower (p = 0.008, 0.040 and 0.033 respectively) than the values (70.8 ± 49.8 ng/ml, 57.6 ± 47.7 ng/ml and 395.4 ± 275.6 ng/ml respectively) of the controls. Significant inverse correlations were observed between the dietary lycopene intake (r = －0.396, p = 0.041) and serum lycopene (r =－0.502, p = 0.008) with PC; while a significant positive association was observed between dietary intake of retinol with PC (r = 0.394, p = 0.042). Conclusion: The study has revealed low anti-oxidant status, and an inverse association between lycopene status and prostate cancer in the elderly men.
Heart rate variability (HRV) of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the post-insult sub-acute period

Objective: To evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: By a prospective study, the HRV was assessed in 20 patients with TBI during the sub-acute period post-injury (the first test was performed at a mean time post-insult of 38 days) and a matched control. The patients were examined twice, 1 month apart. The assessment included HRV (both in time and frequency domains), GCS, length of coma, brain CT, FIM and FAM. Results: A significant difference was found between patients and controls concerning HRV total power, i.e. frequencies between 0.01–0.6 Hz (high frequency p = 0.003, low frequency p = 0.013, total power p = 0.034) and for standard deviation of RR interval p = 0.011. HRV changes were related more to the timing of the evaluation than to the severity of the brain damage. Conclusion: HRV differed of patients with TBI and in the control group. Tendency to HRV normalization changes was detected during the first 3 months after the injury, which suggests recovery of the autonomic nervous system.
The Effects Bio-fertilizer and Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Vegetables in the Pot Experiment

Bio-fertilizer has been used as an alternative of the chemical fertilizer, Klebsiella oxytoca in organic fertilizer can convert nutrients in the soil to the available form for plant growth. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Klebsiella oxytoca in the forms of bio-fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of Ipomoea aquatica, Brassica integrifolia and Brassica rapa chinensis. These trials were carried out in four replications of the randomized complete block design (RCBD) in the greenhouse. Results showed that by applying organic fertilizer in I. aquatica, plant growth parameters, soil nutrients and microbial activities were approximately in chemical fertilizer treatment excepted for the nutrient content in plant. The nutrients in B. integrifolia plant that grown in liquid organic fertilizer was lower than soil that apply chemical. On the other hand, these values in B. rapa chinensis which applied with liquid fertilizer was equal (applying fermentation fruit waste) and significant higher (applying molasses) than in the chemical fertilizer application. The result from this study indicated that B. rapa chinensis responsed better B. integrifolia when applied liquid organic fertilizer. The microbial activities of microorganisms were in inverse ratio to the amount of chemical applying. The highest number nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate and potassium solubilization bacteria, and Klebsiella oxytoca were found in the soil supplemented with liquid fertilizer. The treatment of 50% of chemical fertilizer in combination with liquid fertilizer could increase the I. aquatica yield and improved soil nutrient.
Neurotrophic cross‐talk between the nervous and immune systems: Implications for neurological diseases

Inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system usually are considered detrimental, but recent evidence suggests that they also can be beneficial and even have neuroprotective effects. Intriguingly, immune cells can produce various neurotrophic factors of various molecular families. The concept of “neuroprotective immunity” will have profound consequences for the pathogenesis and treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. It also will prove important for neurodegenerative disorders, in which inflammatory reactions often occur. This review focuses on recent findings that immune cells produce brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in multiple sclerosis lesions, whereas neurons and astrocytes express the appropriate tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB. Together with functional evidence for the neuroprotective effects of immune cells, these observations support the concept of “neuroprotective immunity. ” We next examine current and future therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in light of neuroprotective immunity and finally address the broader implications of this new concept for other neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Ann Neurol 2003