Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of micro-RNA contributes to the risk of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss -

Although there are plenty of evidence that dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) level is involved in many human diseases, it is still unknown whether abnormal levels of specific miRNAs are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We believe that such an association do exist as this study confirmed significant differences in the level of specific miRNAs between RPL cases and healthy controls. The study was conducted on 100 Palestinian women: 60 patients with at least two unexplained consecutive pregnancy losses half of them were pregnant at the first trimester and the rest were non-pregnant and 40 healthy controls with at least two live births and no history of pregnancy loss; half of them were at their first trimester of pregnancy and the rest were non-pregnant. We investigated the relative expression of miR-21, miR-126, miR-155, miR-182, miR-222 and miR-517* using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Ct method experiments. Differential expression was evaluated using Student t-test and fold change analyses. The expression difference of miR-21, miR-126 and miR-182 between patients and controls in the pregnant subjects showed statistically significant difference (p-value ≤ 0.05) with fold decrease of 1.5, 1.6 and 5.6, respectively. In the non-pregnant group miR-21, miR-126, miR-222 and miR-517* expressions were significantly different with fold decrease of 2.4, 2.9, 2.7 and 11.8, respectively. In conclusion, at least miR-21 and miR-126 could serve as potential markers for idiopathic RPL as their levels were significantly lower in patients before being pregnant and during pregnancy. Moreover, restoration of the normal level of those miRNAs might be a novel intervention strategy in unexplained RPL.
Stepwise advancement using fixed functional appliances: Experimental perspective

Abstract This study was designed to identify the pattern of bone formation in thetemporomandibular joint in response to the stepwise mandibular advancement compared to single step advancement with fixed functional appliances. Two hundred fifty 35-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 20 experimental and 10 control groups. Appliances were fitted to position the mandible forward in the experimental groups. Veneers were added to achieve movement. The rats were then sacrificed at different time points. Sections were cut and stained with periodic acid and Schiff's reagent for evaluation of new bone formation. Newly formed bone was measured by a computer-assisted image analyzing system. The results showed that, during the first advancement, bone formation in the condyle and glenoid fossa was less than that of 1-step advancement. In response to the second advancement, new bone formation was significantly higher when compared with single advancement with a maximum increase of 50% and 100% in the condyle and glenoid fossa, respectively. In conclusion, the stepwise advancement produces more skeletal effects than single advancement and a more prominent effect with stepwise advancement was found in the glenoid fossa compared with the condyle.
Ischemia- Reperfusion Challenge in Human Skeletal Muscle: Study in Knee Arthroplasty Surgery

Background: There are many studies that analyze ischemia-reperfusion injury in different organs (brain, heart.) but they are very scarce in skeletal muscle. The few studies performed in humans show partial results, and none include morphological, inflammatory, biochemical, metabolic and hemodynamic alterations. The objective of our study was to typify ischemic and ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty from several points of view: morphological, biochemical, metabolic and hemodynamical, as well as to evaluate the protective effect of a single-dose of corticoids on the above-mentioned parameters. Methods: Forty-one patients participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to either group A: no corticoid administered; or to group B: a single dose of methylprednisolone was administered before performing ischemia. Blood samples were drawn at different intervals for determination of inflammatory biomarkers and necrosis enzymes, and three muscle biopsies were performed for histological studies. Results: The ischemia period ranged from 50 to 84 minutes in both groups. There were no histological differences either between the groups. We found significant differences in inflammatory markers: there was a higher increase in C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Interleukin-6 in group A, while the leukocyte count was higher in group B. \ Conclusions: Human skeletal muscle can bear periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion as far as 1.5 h without showing any sign of structural, ultrastructural or inmunoshistochemical damage. We have described the biochemical changes that take place in patients submitted to total knee arthroplasty with tourniquet under spinal anesthesia during the first 48 h post-procedure. Adding a single dose of methylprednisolone 7 mg/kg IV immediately prior to surgery significantly reduced the levels of some markers of morbidity.
How many perpetrators were there in the Rwandan genocide? An estimate

How many Rwandans participated in the 1994 genocide? Existing estimates are hugely discrepant and often not supported with evidence. Some Rwandan government officials claim there were three million perpetrators. Other observers claim there were “hundreds of thousands” (Des Forges, 1999, p 2; Mamdani, 2001, p 7; Scherrer, 2002, p 126; Waller, 2002, p 67). Still others estimate tens of thousands (Jones, 2001, p 41). The high-end estimate effectively criminalizes the entire adult Hutu population at the time of the genocide. The low-end estimate is equivalent to a small fraction of the adult male Hutu population. Which is right? Resolving the question is important not only for understanding the genocide’s specifics. A reliable estimate of the number of perpetrators also has implications for the post-genocide environment in Rwanda. Is the current government facing a “criminal population,” as some claim, or something far less than that? Calculating the exact number of perpetrators is probably impossible given the evidence that is currently available, but a better estimate than currently exists is possible and important. This article’s principal aim is to do that—to provide an estimate that is both empirically based and systematically calculated.
THE NASAL SEPTUM: PLASTIC REPAIR OF THE DEVIATED SEPTUM ASSOCIATED WITH A DEFLECTED TIP

The importance of the nasal septum in man is self evident to the rhinologist. It divides the nasal cavity into two lateral passageways and thus forms the mesial wall of each nasal fossa. It also determines the line of the nasal dorsum. In primitive races and in Caucasian children the nasal septum is usually straight and symmetric, but among Caucasian adults it frequently deviates. This deviation usually concerns the cartilage and the ethmoid portion, leaving the vomer normal or nearly so. Schaeffer 1 considered the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (mesethmoid), which forms the cephalic third of the septum, of particular interest in septal deviation. The extent of the mesethmoid is variable, and the septal cartilage is correspondingly large or small. During fetal life, infancy and early childhood, the nasal septum is usually symmetric and occupies the midline throughout its extent. Asymmetry has, however, been seen in early childhood, and
Impact of Computerized Physician Order Entry on MedicationPrescription Errors in Patients Hospitalized in a Chest Diseases Ward

Background: Many adverse drug events are related to medication errors during the ordering process and may be preventable. Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) appears as an effective tool in reducing them. Methods: We conducted a before-after prospective study in a chest diseases ward of an academic medical center. We compared rates of medication errors in medical orders during three phases: one before (manual prescription) and two after implementation of CPOE, at one and two months after. Secondarily we assessed error characteristics, process of medication use management and economic impact. Results: We detected 422 medication errors in 3257 medications prescribed: 352 in manual prescription phase (34.9% error rate) versus 45 one month after CPOE implementation (4.1% error rate)-88.2% relative risk reduction (p<0.001) and 25 after two months (2.2% error rate)-93.7% relative risk reduction (p<0.001). Main causes of error using manual prescription were lapsus in the ordering stage (68%) while using CPOE were lack of technology management (66.7% after one month and 68% after two months). Errors fell significantly for all drug types when comparing electronic versus manual prescription. We also found a significant reduction of non-drug-related errors, from 14.2% without the use of CPOE to 0.8% with its use (p<0.001) and in the amount of time spent preparing medication in pharmacy department. On average monthly drug costs fell 30%. Conclusions: CPOE substantially reduces medication errors and non-drug-related errors as well as improves the process of medication use management and appears to have a positive economic impact
Innovation Outcomes in a Distributed Organization: Intrafirm Mobility and Access to Resources

Prior research has established a relation between intrafirm mobility and innovation outcomes at distributed organizations. The literature has also uniformly agreed on the mechanism underlying this relationship: the sharing of tacit knowledge and recombination of ideas that occurs because of intrafirm mobility. But a second mechanism may also be at work: intrafirm mobility might help distant employees secure access to resources for their innovative projects. Using unique data on travel, employment, and patenting for 1,315 inventors at the Indian research and development (R&D) center of a Fortune 50 multinational, I find that intrafirm mobility in the form of short-duration business trips from a distant R&D location to headquarters is positively related to higher subsequent patenting at the individual level. I also find mobility immediately prior to meetings at which R&D funds are most likely to be disbursed to be related to higher subsequent patenting. This study sheds new light on how intrafirm mobility a.
Reproductive Tract Infections among Women of Rural Community in Mewat, India

Mewat is a backward area of north India, dominated by Meo community, a Muslim Rajput community following a mixture of Hindu and Islamic customs, practices and beliefs. Illiteracy, unhealthy lives, burden of frequent pregnancies, strong traditional culture and practices put the Meo women at higher risk of acquiring Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs). A community based cross-sectional study was undertaken among married women (between 15 and 49 yrs) in Mewat. The objective of the study was to understand the socio-demographic and socio-cultural factors that increase vulnerability to RTI among women. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. This article presents the findings of the study. 72.6 per cent of the respondents reported one or more symptoms of RTI. Only 31 per cent of the respondents were aware about RTI and 21 per cent about HIV/AIDs. Bivariate analysis indicated statistically significant association between educational level, age at marriage, place of delivery and awareness about RTI with presence of self-reported symptoms of RTI among the study population. Improving literacy and increasing awareness level among women about reproductive health is needed to reduce incidence of RTI in the study area.
Biology and Management of Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

UNLABELLED : Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15% of all breast cancers and is associated with poor long-term outcomes compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Because of the lack of approved targeted therapy, at present chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for early and advanced disease. TNBC is enriched for germline BRCA mutation, providing a foundation for the use of this as a biomarker to identify patients suitable for treatment with DNA-damaging agents. Inherited and acquired defects in homologous recombination DNA repair, a phenotype termed "BRCAness," may be present in a large proportion of TNBC cases, making it an attractive selection and response biomarker for DNA-damaging therapy. Triple-negative breast cancer is a diverse entity for which additional subclassifications are needed. Increasing understanding of biologic heterogeneity of TNBC has provided insight into identifying potentially effective systemic therapies, including cytotoxic and targeted agents. Numerous experimental approaches are under way, and several encouraging drug classes, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, platinum agents, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway inhibitors, and androgen receptor inhibitors, are being investigated in TNBC. Molecular biomarker-based patient selection in early-phase trials has the potential to accelerate development of effective therapies for this aggressive breast cancer subtype. TNBC is a complex disease, and it is likely that several different targeted approaches will be needed to make meaningful strides in improving the outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that is associated with poor outcomes. This article reviews clinical features and discusses the molecular diversity of this unique subtype. Current treatment paradigms, the role of germline testing, and platinum agents in TNBC are reviewed. Results and observations from pertinent clinical trials with potential implications for patient management are summarized. This article also discusses the clinical development and ongoing clinical trials of novel promising therapeutic agents in TNBC.
Lenalidomide in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Is It a Valid Treatment Option?

BACKGROUND Despite the advent of new treatment strategies, many patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapse or die of the disease. Prospective clinical trials have demonstrated that lenalidomide is an effective and safe treatment option, especially for non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) DLBCL. However, routine clinical data are lacking, which is why we provide the results of the so-far largest relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL real-life analysis. METHODS We retrospectively assessed 123 R/R DLBCL patients who received either 15 or 25 mg/day of lenalidomide from January 2006 to January 2015. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 4.5 years, complete remission was achieved in 32% and a partial remission in 33% non-GCB patients compared with 0% and 3% in the GCB group (p < .001 and .001, respectively), with median response durations of 15 and 5 months, respectively (p < .001). Lenalidomide at 25 mg was superior to 15 mg in terms of response (complete remission 21% and partial remission 23% vs. 0% and 8%; p = .007 and .05) and median response duration (10 vs. 4 months; p = .03). Toxicity was limited and reversible. Median progression-free survival differed between non-GCB and GCB patients (37 vs. 30 months; p < .001) and between the two dosages (24 vs. 34 months; p = .002). However, overall survival was similar between the subgroups (38-42 months). CONCLUSION We provide evidence that lenalidomide is a valid treatment option for R/R DLBCL, with limited and reversible toxicity, and is more efficient in non-GCB DLBCL and at higher doses. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Despite the advent of new treatment strategies, many patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapse or die of the disease; hence, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. This study confirms that lenalidomide is a valid and well-tolerated treatment option for relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL. Superior outcomes were observed in non-germinal center B-cell (GCB) DLBCL, probably because of inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. Similarly, high drug doses resulted in greater clinical benefits. Overall, lenalidomide is a suitable therapeutic option for R/R DLBCL, especially in non-GCB DLBCL, and 25 mg/day dosing should be preferred.
The specification and enforcement of authorization constraints in workflow management systems

In recent years, workflow management systems (WFMSs) have gained popularity in both research and commercial sectors. WFMSs are used to coordinate and streamline business processes. Very large WFMSs are often used in organizations with users in the range of several thousands and process instances in the range of tens and thousands. To simplify the complexity of security administration, it is common practice in many businesses to allocate a role for each activity in the process and then assign one or more users to each role—granting an authorization to roles rather than to users. Typically, security policies are expressed as constraints (or rules) on users and roles; separation of duties is a well-known constraint. Unfortunately, current role-based access control models are not adequate to model such constraints. To address this issue we (1) present a language to express both static and dynamic authorization constraints as clauses in a logic program; (2) provide formal notions of constraint consistency; and (3) propose algorithms to check the consistency of constraints and assign users and roles to tasks that constitute the workflow in such a way that no constraints are violated.
Determinants of Employee Satisfaction with Services of Human Resource Departments in the Fujairah Medical District (FMD) of the United Arab Emirates

Introduction: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven monarchies, whose rulers retain absolute power within their emirates. The seven Emirates include Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharajah, and Umm al-Quwain. Abu Dhabi, the capital, is also the country’s centre of political, industrial and cultural activities. This study focuses on the Emirate of Fujairah. Employees are the backbone of any strong health system, thus, the success of any health system is highly dependent on satisfaction of employee needs. This study identifies and quantifies main determinants of employee satisfaction within Human Resource Departments in the Fujairah Medical District (FMD, thereafter). Methods: Descriptive and inferential analyses were used to measure employee satisfaction with the services provided by Human Resource Departments in the FMD. After completing a pilot study of the self-developed questionnaire, researchers randomly distributed 600 copies to employees at all 16 health institutes under the authority of the FMD. However, 310 responses were received, representing a 52 per cent response rate. Data were subsequently analyzed with t-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Compared to the standard of 60 per cent or greater, overall level of employee satisfaction in this study was slightly lower at 58 per cent. Results indicated that males were significantly more dissatisfied with the organizational factors than females. Both married and unmarried employees were dissatisfied with the services provided by Human Resources. Employees at all experience levels reported low levels of satisfaction with training and development. Regardless of educational level, employee satisfaction with conditions of the workplace and facility structure in the FMD was low when compared to the standard. Conclusions and Recommendations: This study shows that the employees were not satisfied with the services within Human Resource Departments in the FMD. It is recommended that FMD management overcome the determinant factors to reduce the level of dissatisfaction of their employees in the following four dimensions: organizational factors, work conditions/facility structure, training and career development.
Investigating the relationship between illness perception and quality of life in hemodialysis patients

A B S T R A C T Aims: According to the nature of their illness, dialysis patients should have a clear perception of it. Nurses can influence patients’ quality of life through perception-basedinterferences. The present study seeks to determine the relationship between illness perception and quality of life. Additionally, it tries to find out predictive variables of quality of life based on illness perception dimensions. Methods : 120 dialysis patients participated in this descriptive-correlation study in 2010-2011. The patients were admitted in Taleghani Hospital of Urmia.The required data was collected by the use of a demographic data questionnaire, abriefillness perception questionnaire (IPQ-B), andstandardquality of life questionnaire (SF-12). The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression analysis. Results : There was an inverse correlation between parameters of consequences, nature of illness, anxiety, emotional response and quality of life (p<0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that parameters of consequences, nature of illness and emotional response significantly participated in determining the quality of life variance. Conclusion : Based on the achieved results of the present study, nurses can improve the quality of life inhemodialysispatients through presenting proper training and consulting courses to patients and their families about treating options and nature of illnesses and also by having them participate in health improvement programs. Please cite this paper as: Zhale Rahimi 1* , Sfandyar baljani 2 , Zahra Zaghasem.Investigating the relationship between illness perception and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Iran J Crit Care Nurs 2012;5(3):151-158.
A Dynamic Kernel Logit Model for the Analysis of Longitudinal Discrete Choice Data: Properties and Computational Assessment

This paper focuses on the application of the kernel logit formulation to model dynamic discrete choice data. A dynamic kernel logit (DKL) formulation with normal errors is presented to model unordered discrete choice panel data. Investigating the theoretical foundations of the kernel logit model, it is demonstrated that the mixed logit error structure converges in distribution asymptotically to a suitable multivariate normal error structure. This result provides support for both cross-sectional kernel logit (CKL) and DKL models with normal errors. The calibration, identification, and specification issues associated with the latter model are also discussed.The performance of the proposed DKL model is assessed from the perspective of computational efficiency and estimate accuracy relative to the multinomial probit (MNP) model using a series of numerical experiments. Complexity analysis reveals that the DKL has a lower computational complexity than the MNP frequency simulator, which has an exponential complexity. Thus, for choice situations with a large number of alternatives ( J) in each time period, and/or large number of time periods ( T), the DKL model is faster than the corresponding MNP by more than an order of magnitude. This is also confirmed by computational experiments conducted using 32 synthetic data sets. The computational performance of the DKL relative to MNP appears to be the result of a trade-off between the number of Monte-Carlo draws required, and the computational cost of each draw. With fewer than 25 alternatives ( JT), the results suggest that it is more advantageous to use the probit model (MNP) compared to the DKL. There appears to be little advantage in applying the kernel logit formulation relative to the MNP to cross-sectional data with a few alternatives.Regarding computational accuracy, the numerical results suggest that the parameter estimates of both models (MNP and DKL) are comparable and close to the true values from which the data sets were generated. However, both DKL and MNP formulations may lead to the maximization of a nonconcave objective function, resulting in flat log-likelihood functions, and identification problems.