Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of discordant microscopic changes with automated CBC analysis

Introducao:A causa mais comum de erro no diagnostico relaciona-se com erros de exames laboratoriais, bem como erros de sua interpretacao. E com o intuito de reduzi-los, atualmente o laboratorio dispoe de equipamentos modernos com resultados precisos e confiaveis. O desenvolvimento da automacao revolucionou os procedimentos laboratoriais no Brasil e no mundo.Objetivos:Verificar a prevalencia de alteracoes microscopicas presentes em lâminas hematologicas concordantes e discordantes com resultados obtidos por meio de procedimentos totalmente automatizados.Materiais e metodos:No periodo de janeiro a julho de 2013, foram analisados os parâmetros hematologicos de 1.000 lâminas. A analise automatizada foi realizada em equipamento de ultima geracao, cuja metodologia baseia-se em impedância eletrica e e capaz de quantificar todos os elementos figurados do sangue em um universo de 22 parâmetros. A hematoscopia foi realizada por dois microscopistas ao mesmo tempo.Resultados:Os dados demonstraram que apenas 42,70% foram concordantes, confrontando com 57,30% discordantes. Os principais achados entre os discordantes foram alteracoes na serie vermelha 43,70% (n = 250), serie branca 38,46% (n = 220) e plaquetaria 17,80% (n = 102). Discussao:Os dados comprovam que alguns resultados nao sao compativeis com a clinica, nem condizem com o estado fisiologico de um individuo e podem nao ser explicitados por nao terem sido investigados, o que pode comprometer o diagnostico final.Conclusao:Observou-se a importância de a analise hematoscopica qualitativa ser realizada em paralelo a analise automatizada para que se obtenha resultados confiaveis, que cause impacto positivo na prevencao, no diagnostico, no prognostico e no seguimento terapeutico.
Shear bond strength of an autopolymerizing repair resin to injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins

Abstract Objective. This study investigated the shear bond strength of an autopolymerizing repair resin to injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. Materials and methods. Four injection-molded thermoplastic resins (two polyamides, a polyethylene terephthalate copolymer and a polycarbonate) were used in this study. The specimens were divided into eight groups according to the type of surface treatment given: (1) no treatment, (2) air abrasion with alumina, (3) dichloromethane, (4) ethyl acetate, (5) 4-META/MMA-TBB resin, (6) alumina and 4-META/MMA-TBB resin, (7) tribochemical silica coating or (8) tribochemical silica coating and 4-META/MMA-TBB resin. Half of the specimens in groups 1, 5, 6 and 8 were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles in water between 5–55°C with a dwell time of 1 min at each temperature. The shear bond strengths were determined. Results. The shear bond strengths to the two polyamides treated with alumina, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate and no treatment were very low. The greatest post-thermocycling bond strengths to polyamides were recorded for the specimens treated with tribochemical silica coating and 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (PA12: 16.4 MPa, PACM12: 17.5 MPa). The greatest post-thermocycling bond strengths to polyethylene terephthalate copolymer and polycarbonate were recorded for the treatment with alumina and 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (22.7 MPa, 20.8 MPa). Conclusion. Polyamide was exceedingly difficult to bond to an autopolymerizing repair resin; the shear bond strength improved using tribochemical silica coating followed by the application of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin. Both polyethylene terephthalate copolymer and polycarbonate were originally easy to bond to an autopolymerizing repair resin. However, with 4-META/MMA-TBB resin, the bond was more secure.
Diffusible Ligand All-trans-retinal Activates Opsin via a Palmitoylation-dependent Mechanism*

In rhodopsin's function as a photoreceptor, 11-cis-retinal is covalently bound to Lys296via a protonated Schiff base. 11-cis/all-transphotoisomerization and relaxation through intermediates lead to the metarhodopsin II photoproduct, which couples to transducin (Gt). Here we have analyzed a different signaling state that arises from noncovalent binding of all-trans-retinal (atr) to the aporeceptor opsin and enhances the very low opsin activity by several orders of magnitude. Like with metarhodopsin II, coupling of Gt to opsin-atr is sensitive to competition by synthetic peptides from the COOH termini of both Gtα and Gtγ. However, atr does not compete with 11-cis-retinal incorporation into the Lys296 binding site and formation of the light-sensitive pigment. Blue light illumination fails to photorevert opsin-atr to the ground state. Thus noncovalently boundatr has no access to the light-dependent binding site and reaction pathway. Moreover, in contrast to light-dependent signaling, removal of the palmitoyl anchors at Cys322 and Cys323 in the rhodopsin COOH terminus impairs the atr-stimulated activity. Repalmitoylation by autoacylation with palmitoyl-coenzyme A restores most of the original activity. We hypothesize that the palmitoyl moieties are part of a second binding pocket for the chromophore, mediating hydrophobic interactions that can activate a large part of the catalytic receptor/G-protein interface.
Cerebellar contributions to verbal working memory: beyond cognitive theory

Neuropsychological findings together with recent advances in neuroanatomical and neuroimaging techniques have spurred the investigation of cerebellar contributions to cognition. One cognitive process that has been the focus of much research is working memory, in particular its verbal component. Influenced by Baddeley’s cognitive theory of working memory, cerebellar activation during verbal working memory tasks has been predominantly attributed to the cerebellum’s involvement in an articulatory rehearsal network. Recent neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings are inconsistent with a simple motor view of the cerebellum’s function in verbal working memory. The present article examines these findings and their implications for an articulatory rehearsal proposal of cerebellar function. Moving beyond cognitive theory, we propose two alternative explanations for cerebellar involvement in verbal working memory: Error-driven adjustment and internal timing. These general theories of cerebellar function have been successfully adapted from the motor literature to explain cognitive functions of the cerebellum. We argue that these theories may also provide a useful framework to understand the non-motor contributions of the cerebellum to verbal working memory.
Assessment of Long‐Term Nipple Projection: A Comparison of Three Techniques

&NA; Nipple‐areola reconstruction represents the final stage of breast reconstruction, whereby a reconstructed breast mound is transformed into a breast facsimile that more closely resembles the original breast. Although numerous nipple reconstruction techniques are available, all have been plagued by eventual loss of long‐term projection. In this report, the authors present a comparative assessment of nipple and areola projection after reconstruction using either a bell flap, a modified star flap, or a skate flap and full‐thickness skin graft for areola reconstruction. The specific technique for nipple‐areola reconstruction following breast reconstruction was selected on the basis of the projection of the contralateral nipple and whether or not the opposite areola showed projection. Patients with 5 mm or less of opposite nipple projection were treated with either the bell flap or the modified star flap. In patients where the areola complex exhibited significant projection, a bell flap was chosen over the modified star flap. In those patients with greater than 5‐mm nipple projection, reconstruction with a skate flap and full‐thickness skin graft was performed. Maintenance of nipple projection in each of these groups was then carefully assessed over a 1‐year period of follow‐up using caliper measurements of nipple and areola projection obtained at 3‐month intervals. The best long‐term nipple projection was obtained and maintained by the skate and star techniques. The major decrease in projection of the reconstructed nipple occurred during the first 3 months. After 6 months, the projection was stable. The loss of both nipple and areola projection when using the bell flap was so remarkable that the authors would discourage the use of this procedure in virtually all patients.
The core gut microbiome, energy balance and obesity

Metagenomics is an emerging field focused on characterizing the structures, functions and dynamic operations of microbial communities sampled in their native habitats without the need for culture. Here, we present findings from a 16S rRNA gene sequence‐ and whole community DNA shotgun sequencing‐based analysis of the adult human gut microbiomes of lean and obese mono‐ and dizygotic twins. Our findings indicate that a core microbiome can be found at the gene level, despite large variation in community membership, and that variations from the core are associated with obesity. These findings have implications for ongoing Human Microbiome Project(s), and highlight important challenges to the field of metagenomics.
Administration of an aromatase inhibitor during the late follicular phase of gonadotropin-treated cycles in rhesus monkeys: effects on follicle development, oocyte maturation, and subsequent luteal function.

Local modulation of follicular and gametogenic functions by ovarian androgens and estrogens in mammalian species has been proposed. This study examined the effects of elevated androgen/estrogen ratios during follicular maturation in vivo by inhibiting aromatase activity in rhesus monkeys. To obviate steroid feedback effects, gonadotropin-treated animals were used. Beginning at menses (day 1), animals received human (h) FSH (60 IU/day, im) on days 1-6, followed by hFSH plus hLH (60 IU/day, im) on days 7-9 to promote the growth of multiple follicles. Ovulatory maturation was induced by hCG (1000 IU, im) on day 10. On days 8-10, four animals received an aromatase inhibitor, 1,4,6-androstatrien-3,17-dione (ATD; 1-1.25 g, orally, twice/day), while five served as controls and received no further treatment. Within 8 h of ATD treatment, a 63% reduction in serum estradiol levels relative to control values was evident, which reached maximal suppression (84%) by day 10. A marked elevation (17-fold) in serum androstenedione and a lesser increase (2.6-fold) in serum testosterone occurred with aromatase inhibition, yielding androstenedione/estradiol (18.0) and testosterone/estradiol (1.9) ratios greater than those in controls (0.6 and 0.3, respectively). ATD treatment did not alter follicular diameters or the total number of follicles per animal (20 +/- 3) relative to control values (16 +/- 3). Of the total cohort classified, the proportion of oocytes collected at prophase I was greater (P < 0.05) after ATD treatment (31%) than in controls (11%). Completion of oocyte meiosis to metaphase II was retarded (P < 0.05) in ATD-treated (4%) compared to control (26%) animals. Furthermore, the in vitro fertilization rate of metaphase II oocytes from ATD-treated animals (9%) was reduced (P < 0.05) relative to that in controls (25%). While basal progesterone production by luteinizing granulosa cells in vitro was similar between groups, the addition of hCG in vitro enhanced progesterone secretion by cells from ATD-treated animals (3.1 +/- 0.3-fold over basal) to a greater extent (P = 0.05) than in controls (1.5 +/- 0.3-fold). Progesterone receptor was detected by immunocytochemistry in nuclei of luteinizing granulosa cells from ATD-treated animals as well as controls. Serum progesterone profiles and the length of the luteal phase were similar between groups. Thus, acute elevation of serum androgen/estrogen ratios in vivo during follicular maturation was detrimental to the gametogenic functions of the primate follicle, but did not alter follicular growth, events of early luteinization, or subsequent luteal function. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Relapsed ovarian cancer: challenges and management strategies for a chronic disease.

Advances in the treatment and early detection of ovarian cancer have led to gains in 5-year survival rates, with 52% of women diagnosed between 1992 and 1997 surviving 5 years or longer, compared with 41% of women diagnosed between 1983 and 1985. Although approximately 10%-15% of patients achieve and maintain complete responses to therapy, the remaining patients have persistent disease or eventually relapse. These patients will generally undergo a series of treatments, each associated with progressively shorter treatment-free intervals. Nevertheless, median survival of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer ranges from 12-24 months, demonstrating the chronic natural history of the disease. Advances in the treatment of ovarian cancer over the past decade have led to these improvements and have prompted oncologists to now view the management of patients with ovarian cancer as an ongoing, long-term challenge. This shift in approach has raised important new questions regarding patient management, including the need to define trigger points for initiating or changing treatment (e.g., sequential increases in serum cancer antigen 125 levels, appearance of symptoms, or cumulative toxicities), anticipation of impending treatment decision points, recognition that the overtreatment of patients early in the disease process may adversely affect future treatment opportunities, and a renewed emphasis on patient education and participation in decision-making. This review will discuss these important patient management issues and will conclude with case studies illustrating two distinct treatment strategies (planning and sequencing) for the long-term management of patients with ovarian cancer.
Expression of listeriolysin and phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C is repressed by the plant‐derived molecule cellobiose in Listeria monocytogenes

The primary habitat of the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is considered to be soil and decaying vegetation. As an opportunistic pathogen it must be able to recognize its entry into host tissue and, in response, co‐ordinately induce the expression of virulence factors. No signature molecule, which facilitates this regulation, has been identified for any human pathogen. Our studies have demonstrated for the first time that the expression of major virulence determinants in L. monocytogenes can be repressed by an environmentally ubiquitous molecule. Transcriptional hlyA and plcA fusions to luxAB were used to monitor virulent gene expression in the presence of various disaccharides. These studies revealed that the expression of listeriolysin O and phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C is repressed specifically by the plant‐derived disaccharide, cellobiose.
Understanding the Importance of Microphysics and Macrophysics for Warm Rain in Marine Low Clouds. Part I: Satellite Observations

The importance of macrophysical variables [cloud thickness, liquid water path (LWP)] and microphysical variables (effective radius re, effective droplet concentration Neff) on warm drizzle intensity and frequency across the tropics and subtropics is studied. In this first part of a two-part study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) optical and CloudSat cloud radar data are used to understand warm rain in marine clouds. Part II uses simple heuristic models. Cloud-top height and LWP substantially increase as drizzle intensity increases. Droplet radius estimated from MODIS also increases with cloud radar reflectivity (dBZ) but levels off as dBZ . 0, except where the influence of continental pollution is present, in which case a monotonic increase of re with drizzle intensity occurs. Off the Asian coast and over the Gulf of Mexico, re values are smaller (by several mm) and Neff values are larger compared to more remote marine regions. For heavy drizzle intensity, both re and Neff values off the Asian coast and over the Gulf of Mexico approach re and Neff values in more remote marine regions. Drizzle frequency, defined as profiles in which maximum dBZ . 2 15, increases dramatically and nearly uniformly when cloud tops grow from 1 to 2 km. Drizzle frequencies exceed 90% in all regions when LWPs exceed 250 g m 22 and Neff values are below 50 cm 23 , even in regions where drizzle occurs infrequently on the whole. The fact that the relationship among drizzle frequency, LWP, and Neff is essentially the same for all regions suggests a near universality among tropical and subtropical regions.
A unified concept of species and its consequences for the future of taxonomy

Contemporary species concepts are diverse. Nonetheless, all share the fundamental idea that species are segments of lineages at the population level of biological organization. They differ in the secondary properties (e.g., intrinsic reproductive isolation, monophyly, diagnosability) that are treated as necessary for considering lineages to be species. A unified species concept can be achieved by interpreting the common fundamental idea of being a separately evolving lineage segment as the only necessary property of species and viewing the various secondary properties either as lines of evidence relevant to assessing lineage separation or as properties that define different subcategories of the species category (e.g., reproductively isolated species, monophyletic species, diagnosable species). This unified species concept has a number of consequences for taxonomy, including the need to acknowledge that undifferentiated and undiagnosable lineages are species, that species can fuse, that species can be nested within other species, that the species category is not a taxonomic rank, and that new taxonomic practices and conventions are needed to accommodate these conclusions. Although acceptance of a unified species concept has some radical consequences for taxonomy, it also reflects a change in the general conceptualization of the species category that has been underway for more than a half-century — a shift from viewing the species category as one member of the hierarchy of taxonomic ranks to viewing it as a natural kind whose members are the units at one of the levels of biological organization. This change is related to a more general shift in the primary concern of the discipline of systematics (including taxonomy), from the utilitarian activity of classifying organisms to the scientific activity of testing hypotheses about lineage boundaries and phylogenetic relationships. The unified species concept is a natural outcome of this conceptual shift and represents the more complete acceptance of the idea that species are one of the fundamental units of biology. As such, the unified species concept is central to the future of taxonomy.
‘Rain snakes’ from the Senqu River: new light on Qing's commentary on San rock art from Sehonghong, Lesotho

Previously unpublished rock art in Lesotho, southern Africa, is believed to explain the words of Qing — the San (Bushman) man who gave interpretations of paintings in the vicinity. Published in 1874, his testimony, when closely read and compared with other sources, has since become the single most important source for the decipherment of rock art in the sub-continent. One seemingly incomprehensible phrase, though, concerning the famous rain-making depiction at Sehonghong Shelter, Lesotho, has worried scholars for some time. Here, we make a connection that sets Qing's words within the context of the other rock art sites, and the greater cosmology, that he knew. Far from being too young, uninitiated or unfamiliar with the mythology and religion, as this painted site — Rain Snake Shelter — shows, Qing was more than conversant with San cosmology and ritual practice. His testimony is therefore more reliable than was hitherto granted.
A Spatially Resolved X-ray Image of a Star Like the Sun

Observations made with the x-ray satellite ROSAT (Roentgen Satellite) have produced the first spatially resolved x-ray image of a corona around a star like our sun. The star is the secondary in the eclipsing binary system α Coronae Borealis (CrB), which consists of one star of spectral type A0V and one of type G5V. The x-ray light curve of α CrB shows a total x-ray eclipse during secondary optical minimum, with the G star behind the A star. The totality of the eclipse demonstrates that the A-type component in α CrB is x-ray dark and that the x-ray flux arises exclusively from the later-type companion. The x-ray eclipse ingress and egress are highly asymmetric compared with the optical eclipse, indicating a highly asymmetric x-ray intensity distribution on the surface of the G star. From a detailed modeling of the ingress and egress of the x-ray light curve, an eclipse map of the G star was constructed by a method based on an optimization by simulated annealing.
Identifying attack and support argumentative relations using deep learning

We propose a deep learning architecture to capture argumentative relations of attack and support from one piece of text to another, of the kind that naturally occur in a debate. The architecture uses two (unidirectional or bidirectional) Long Short-Term Memory networks and (trained or non-trained) word embeddings, and allows to considerably improve upon existing techniques that use syntactic features and supervised classifiers for the same form of (relation-based) argument mining.
Naive T lymphocytes traffic to inflamed central nervous system, but require antigen recognition for activation

Organ‐specific autoimmune diseases may be induced by infiltration of the target tissue by CD4+ T cells with specificity for self antigen(s). As disease progresses, T cells of other specificities appear in the tissue. Traffic of naive, antigen‐inexperienced T cells to target tissues has not been shown, although many studies have shown extravasation of activated or memory T cells. We have used a novel experimental system to track naive T cells to the central nervous system (CNS) in TCR transgenic mice with adoptively transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ovalbumin (OVA)‐specific CD4+ T cells were equivalent in number to disease‐inducing myelin basic protein (MBP)‐specific T cells at disease onset. Furthermore, OVA‐specific T cells retained a naive phenotype and did not transcribe Th1 cytokines, in contrast to MBP‐specific T cells. These findings demonstrate that the T cell pool in the CNS of animals with demyelinating disease contains potential recruits from the time of disease onset, and that T cells require more than an inflammatory milieu for their induction to the autoimmune attack.
Massification and Diversification as Complementary Strategies for Economic Growth in Developed and Developing Countries.

Numerous microeconomic studies demonstrate the significant individual returns to tertiary education; however, little empirical evidence exists regarding the effects of higher education massification and diversification agendas on long-term macroeconomic growth. The researchers used the Uzawa-Lucas endogenous growth model to tertiary education massification and diversification agendas in 176 countries using World Bank, EdStats, and UIS data from, 1995-2014. The long-run propensity of economic growth to tertiary education enrollments was found to be positive and significant. Thus, the empirical findings suggest that massification of tertiary education has a significant effect on long-run economic growth when diversification policies complement massification initiatives.