Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computerized cognitive behavioural therapy at work: a randomized controlled trial in employees with recent stress-related absenteeism.

BACKGROUND Emotional distress has major implications for employees and employers. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a recommended treatment, but demand outstrips supply. CBT is well suited to computerization. Most employee assistance programmes have not been systematically evaluated and computerized CBT has not previously been studied in the workplace. AIMS To evaluate the effect of an 8 week computerized cognitive behavioural therapy programme, 'Beating The Blues', on emotional distress in employees with recent stress-related absenteeism, and to explore the reasons for non-participation. METHODS An open, randomized trial in a London NHS occupational health department. Forty-eight public sector employees, with 10 or more cumulative days stress-related absenteeism in the last 6 months, randomized equally to 'Beating The Blues' plus conventional care, or conventional care alone. Main outcome measures were Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Attributional Style Questionnaire scores at end of treatment and 1, 3 and 6 months later; and reasons for non-participation. RESULTS At end of treatment and 1 month later, adjusted mean depression scores and adjusted mean negative attributional style scores were significantly lower in the intervention group. One month post-treatment, adjusted mean anxiety scores were also significantly lower in the intervention group. The differences were not statistically significant at 3 and 6 months post-treatment. Non-participation was common and related to access problems, preference for other treatments, time commitment, scepticism about the intervention and the employer connection. CONCLUSIONS 'Beating The Blues' may accelerate psychological recovery in employees with recent stress-related absenteeism. Greater flexibility and accessibility might improve uptake.
The Underinvestment Problem and Corporate Derivatives Use

We analyze the underinvestment problem as a determinant of corporate hedging policy. We find evidence of a positive relation between a firm's derivatives use and its growth opportunities, as proxied by several alternative measures. For firms with enhanced investment opportunities, derivatives use is greater when they also have relatively low cash stocks. Firms whose investment expenditures are positively correlated with internal cash flows tend to have smaller derivatives positions which suggests potential natural hedges. Our findings support the argument that firms' derivatives use may partly be driven by the need to avoid potential underinvestment problems.
The importance of growth factors for preimplantation embryo development and in-vitro culture

Purpose of review The present paper reviews evidence that preimplantation embryos are naturally exposed and designed to respond to growth factors during preimplantation development. Recent findings Recent studies have demonstrated that in-vivo human preimplantation embryos are exposed to a mixture of many different growth factors, expressed by the follicles, oviducts and endometrium. Receptors for many of these growth factors have also been shown to be expressed by preimplantation embryos, suggesting a functional role during preimplantation development. Studies of in-vitro fertilization in both animals and humans indicate that in-vitro culture of embryos in conventional media lacking growth factors can result in suboptimal growth and a variety of short-term and long-term developmental abnormalities. Studies of embryo coculture indirectly suggest that growth factors can improve in-vitro development. Many studies of defined growth factor supplements demonstrate that their inclusion in culture media can substantially improve preimplantation development and efficacy of in-vitro fertilization, and may reduce long-term developmental abnormalities as well. Summary Embryos are naturally exposed to a complex mixture of growth factors that play an important role in preimplantation embryo development and that are likely to be of substantial benefit if added to in-vitro culture media.
AUDITORY AND VISUAL LEARNING IN PRIMARY GRADE CHILDREN.

McGeoch and Irion's statement that young children learn more effectively via auditory than visual presentation was tested with a sample of primary grade children. Meaningful stimulus words were presented visually by a Hunter Card Master and aurally by a tape recorder. The results supported the conclusion: the word pairs presented aurally were learned sooner and more quickly than the visually presented pairs.
Red blood cell transfusion practice in patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a survey of 815 UK clinicians

BACKGROUND: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) accounts for 14% of all red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in the United Kingdom, despite little evidence to guide optimal blood transfusion strategies and few data on the variation in practice. We aimed to survey UK clinicians about their RBC transfusion practice in AUGIB.
Afferent inhibition and facilitation of transmission through the spinocervical tract in the anaesthetized cat.

1. Extracellular microelectrode recordings were made from single spinocervical tract (SCT) neurones in the lumbosacral spinal cord of cats anaesthetized with chloralose and paralysed with gallamine triethiodide. 2. Pairs of air‐jet stimuli, 60 ms in duration, were used to investigate in‐field afferent inhibition in SCT cells. One jet was used to condition the responses to another jet located at a different position within the excitatory receptive field and occurring at times from 100 to 1800 ms later. Fifteen neurones were tested and significant in‐field inhibition was observed in all of them. 3. The in‐field afferent inhibition was organized spatially in the sense that inhibition was generally strongest when conditioning and testing stimuli were close together and became weaker as they were moved apart. There was also a weak effect due to the strength of the conditioning response; when conditioning produced a strong response, from near the most excitable part of the receptive field, there was often a weak reduction in the test response from distant sites. The inhibitory areas defined in these experiments were generally less than 100 mm in length in units with excitatory receptive fields much longer than this. 4. The in‐field afferent inhibition had a time course that lasted from 300 to about 1000 ms. 5. Afferent inhibition was also evoked by applying either air‐jet stimuli to hairy skin outside, but close to, the excitatory receptive field or by applying a vibratory stimulus from a piezoelectric transducer (200 Hz) to glabrous skin of the toe pads or the central foot pad. These conditioning stimuli had durations of 20 or 60 ms. For convenience we call this inhibition ‘out‐of‐field’ afferent inhibition. 6. Out‐of‐field afferent inhibition was evoked from both glabrous and hairy skin areas outside the excitatory receptive field. It was common in neurones with receptive fields on the toes and of twenty‐eight such neurones tested it was observed in twenty‐four. This inhibition had a short latency (usually about 10 ms or less but occasionally up to 30 ms) and lasted for about the duration of the test stimulus (30 or 80 ms when the test stimulus was 20 or 60 ms respectively). It was often followed by a further period of inhibition, with a latency of between 50 and 100 ms and lasting for 60 up to 130 ms. 7. In thirteen SCT neurones more complex effects were seen. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
ASTIN: a Bayesian adaptive dose–response trial in acute stroke

Understanding the dose–response is critical for successful drug development. We describe an adaptive design to efficiently learn about the dose–response and the ED95. A dynamic termination rule allows for early discontinuation either for efficacy or futility. The design was deployed in ASTIN, a phase II proof-of-concept trial of the neuroprotectant, neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF), in acute stroke. We discuss the learning from this trial.
The Prodomain of Ssy5 Protease Controls Receptor-Activated Proteolysis of Transcription Factor Stp1

ABSTRACT Extracellular amino acids induce the yeast SPS sensor to endoproteolytically cleave transcription factors Stp1 and Stp2 in a process termed receptor-activated proteolysis (RAP). Ssy5, the activating endoprotease, is synthesized with a large N-terminal prodomain and a C-terminal chymotrypsin-like catalytic (Cat) domain. During biogenesis, Ssy5 cleaves itself and the prodomain and Cat domain remain associated, forming an inactive primed protease. Here we show that the prodomain is a potent inhibitor of Cat domain activity and that its inactivation is a requisite for RAP. Accordingly, amino acid-induced signals trigger proteasome-dependent degradation of the prodomain. A mutation that stabilizes the prodomain prevents Stp1 processing, whereas destabilizing mutations lead to constitutive RAP-independent Stp1 processing. We fused a conditional degron to the prodomain to synthetically reprogram the amino acid-responsive SPS signaling pathway, placing it under temperature control. Our results define a regulatory mechanism that is novel for eukaryotic proteases functioning within cells.
The impact of the duration of admission to the emergency room on the mortality of intensive care patients.

OBJECTIVE There are many factors affecting the mortality of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Among these are the patients' age, diagnosis, and concomitant pathology. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate whether there is an adverse effect of the time between admission to the Emergency Room (ER) and admission to the ICU on the mortality of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of the patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) of the Bolu Izzet Baysal State Hospital and subsequently were admitted to the ICU between December 2009 and August 2011 were analyzed in terms of the time of admission, the season of admission, and the waiting and the stand-by times in the ER. RESULTS A total of 2380 patients, who were admitted to the ED of the Bolu Izzet Baysal State Hospital and subsequently to the ICU, were included in the study. The median waiting time in the ER was 1.23 h (10 min to 10.02 h). After completion of the admission procedures, the median hospitalization time in the ER was 0.16 h (3 min to 2.58 h). There was no statistically significant difference between the patients who died after admission to the ICU and the ones who survived, in terms of the waiting and the stand-by times in the ER ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The waiting times at the ED did not affect the mortality of the ICU patients.
ABORTION—IT IS FOR SOME WOMEN ONLY! HMONG WOMEN’S PERCEPTIONS OF ABORTION

In this article, I explore traditional Hmong explanations about abortion and the ethnomedical knowledge and practices that pertain to it. The article derived from in-depth interviews and participant observation with the Hmong who are now living in Melbourne, Australia. Hmong women are knowledgeable about indigenous fertility control methods including abortion. However, only women who are older and have had many children to ensure the continuity of the lineage have a right to abortion. Younger women do not have this right. Women may wish to control their fertility by means of abortion, but their wishes may be constrained by a societal norm that places a great deal of pressure on women to continue producing children. In a culture that values having many children, abortion is not easily accepted because it upsets the cosmological balance of the society. This has implications for younger Hmong women who may wish to control their fertility in Australia and elsewhere.
When a Head is not a Head: A Constructional Approach to Exocentricity in English

As the name of the framework suggests, one of the driving forces behind traditional HPSG analyses is the notion of head. With the exception of a few non-headed constructions (i.e., mostly coordination), constructions are typically seen as being headed by a particular word or phrase with the nonhead constituting a complement, specifier or adjunct. The head determines the internal composition of a phrase and is responsible for its external distribution. Moreover, syntactic headedness, as determined by morphosyntactic criteria, is typically assumed to coincide with semantic headness. In the case of NPs, for instance, this means that the semantic contribution (including the index) of the entire phrase is provided by the element that is the head by morphosyntactic criteria (typically the noun). In this paper, we intend to challenge this view of heads on the basis of two constructions from English. In both instances, we will argue that the constituents that are responsible for the internal combinatorial make-up of the phrase do not constitute heads because they fail both to determine the external distribution of the phrase and to contribute the semantic index of the projected phrase. At the same time, however, we will show that it is possible to view these cases not as random departures from more well-behaved headed constructions, but instead as particular instantiations of more general construction types which do not impose strict conditions on external headedness.
THE IMPACT OF GALAXY INTERACTIONS ON ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACTIVITY IN zCOSMOS

Close encounters between galaxies are expected to be a viable mechanism, as predicted by numerical simulations, by which accretion onto supermassive black holes can be initiated. To test this scenario, we construct a sample of 562 galaxies (M* > 2.5 × 1010 M☉) in kinematic pairs over the redshift range 0.25 < z < 1.05 that are more likely to be interacting than a well-matched control sample of 2726 galaxies not identified as being in a pair, both from the zCOSMOS 20k spectroscopic catalog. Galaxies that harbor an active galactic nucleus (AGN) are identified on the basis of their X-ray emission (L0.5–10 keV > 2 × 1042 erg s−1) detected by Chandra. We find a higher fraction of an AGN in galaxies in pairs relative to isolated galaxies of similar stellar mass. Our result is primarily due to an enhancement of AGN activity, by a factor of 1.9 (observed) and 2.6 (intrinsic), for galaxies in pairs of projected separation less than 75 kpc and line-of-sight velocity offset less than 500 km s−1. This study demonstrates that close kinematic pairs are conducive environments for black hole growth, either indicating a causal physical connection or an inherent relation, such as, to enhanced star formation. In the Appendix, we describe a method for estimating the intrinsic fractions of galaxies (either in pairs or the field) hosting an AGN with confidence intervals, and an excess fraction in pairs. We estimate that 17.8+8.4−7.4% of all moderate-luminosity AGN activity takes place within galaxies undergoing early stages of interaction that leaves open the question as to what physical processes are responsible for fueling the remaining ∼80% that may include late-stage mergers.
Bacterial Superantigen-Treated Intestinal Epithelial Cells Upregulate Heat Shock Proteins 25 and 72 and Are Resistant to Oxidant Cytotoxicity

ABSTRACT While the pathological events evoked by infection are commonly described, effective host responses to bacteria and their products should primarily be protective. Heat shock protein (Hsp) expression is upregulated by many stimuli and serves to maintain intracellular protein integrity. The ability of the prototypic superantigen, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) to induce Hsps was investigated with BALB/c mice and by in vitro addition to the murine small intestinal epithelial cell line MSIE. SEB-treated (5 or 100 μg intraperitoneally) mice revealed increased Hsp25 and Hsp72, but not Hsc73, in jejunal lymphocytes and epithelial cells. A similar Hsp response to SEB occurred in MSIE cells and was preceded by activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases but not the SAPK/JNK pathway; pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2, but not p38, significantly reduced SEB-induced Hsps. Moreover, SEB-treated MSIE cells were protected against oxidant-induced cytotoxicity (measured by 51Cr release) and F-actin depolymerization. Thus, SEB exposure results in a rapid induction of the Hsp25 and Hsp72 in intestinal epithelial cells, both directly and through lymphocyte activation, and we suggest that this event is important in protecting the gut from damage by Staphylococcus infection or in the reparatory process and may be a generalized response to lumen-derived bacterial toxins.
Collective Security Efficacy and Group Security Compliance

This paper aims to investigate the antecedents of collective security efficacy and its impact on group security compliance. Prior studies have mainly examined individual security compliance and have indicated that technology-based solutions are not able to eliminate the information security risks that organizations may face since many security related defenses are achieved only through human compliance. However, group level phenomena have been overlooked in research. This paper examines the group phenomena through the lens of collective efficacy. By examining collective efficacy, we expect to understand how group security compliance can be more effective, employee’s deviant behavior can be suppressed, and group cohesiveness toward security issues can be reinforced.
Retinoic Acid Reduces Autoimmune Renal Injury and Increases Survival in NZB/W F1 Mice

Retinoic acids, a group of natural and synthetic vitamin A derivatives, have potent antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, retinoic acids were reported to inhibit Th1 cytokine production. We investigated the effects of retinoic acid on lupus nephritis in a model of NZB/NZW F1 (NZB/W F1) mice. Three-month-old NZB/W F1 mice were separated into two groups: one treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA; 0.5 mg i.p., three times weekly for 7 mo) and one with saline as a control. Compared with controls, ATRA-treated mice survived longer and exhibited a significant reduction of proteinuria, renal pathological findings including glomerular IgG deposits, and serum anti-DNA Abs. Splenomegaly was less marked in the treated mice than in controls. Transcripts encoding IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-10 in splenic CD4+ T cells were significantly reduced in treated mice compared with controls. We conclude that treatment with ATRA in SLE-prone NZB/W F1 mice significantly alleviates autoimmune renal disorder and prolongs survival; this may thus represent a novel approach to the treatment of patients with lupus nephritis.
Th1 Cytokines Regulate Adenosine Receptors and Their Downstream Signaling Elements in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells 1

We and others have shown that adenosine, acting at its receptors, is a potent modulator of inflammation and angiogenesis. To better understand the regulation of adenosine receptors during these processes we studied the effects of IL-1, TNF-α, and IFN-γ on expression and function of adenosine receptors and select members of their coupling G proteins in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). HMVEC expressed message and protein for A2A and A2B, but not A1 or A3 receptors. IL-1 and TNF-α treatment increased message and protein expression of A2A and A2B receptor. IFN-γ treatment also increased the expression of A2B receptors, but decreased expression of A2A receptors. Resting HMVEC and IFN-γ-treated cells showed minimal cAMP response to the selective A2A receptor agonist 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy]adenosine (MRE0094). In contrast, MRE0094 stimulated a dose-dependent increase in cAMP levels in TNF-α-treated cells that was almost completely blocked by the A2A receptor antagonist ZM-241385 (4-{2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo-[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl}phenol). The nonselective adenosine receptor agonist 5′-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine increased cAMP levels in both TNF-α- and IFN-γ-treated cells, but not control cells, and its effect was only partially reversed by ZM-241385 in TNF-α-treated cells and not affected in IFN-γ-treated cells. HMVEC expressed a higher level of G protein β1 isoform than β4 isoform. Although none of the cytokines tested affected Gβ1 expression, both IL-1 and TNF-α significantly up-regulated Gβ4 expression. These findings indicate that inflammatory cytokines modulate adenosine receptor expression and function on HMVECs and suggest that the interaction between proinflammatory cytokines and adenosine receptors may affect therapeutic responses to anti-inflammatory drugs that act via adenosine-dependent mechanisms.
Physiology and pharmacology of unitary synaptic connections between pairs of cells in areas CA3 and CA1 of rat hippocampal slice cultures.

1. Paired intracellular recordings were made in rat hippocampal slice cultures, with the use of either sharp microelectrodes or the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Unitary synaptic connections were studied between pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells within and between areas CA1 and CA3. 2. Monosynaptic excitatory synaptic responses between CA3 pyramidal neurons were found in 56% of cell pairs (n = 91, 28 postsynaptic cells). Monosynaptic connections from a CA3 cell to a CA1 cell were observed in 76% of cell pairs (n = 125, 26 postsynaptic cells), but from CA1 to CA3 neurons in only 8% of cell pairs (n = 13, 13 postsynaptic cells). Monosynaptic excitatory connections were found in only 16% of CA1/CA1 cell pairs (n = 25, 10 postsynaptic cells). 3. Disynaptic inhibition was commonly observed between CA3 cell pairs (43%), but rarely found between CA3-CA1 pyramidal cell pairs (2%). In 50% of CA3 pyramidal cell pairs, synchronous inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in both cells could be triggered by an action potential in one pyramidal cell. Reciprocal monosynaptic connections were found between 75% of interneuron and pyramidal cell pairs within area CA3. 4. The latency of monosynaptic CA3- to CA1-cell responses was significantly longer than for responses between two CA3 cells. Within area CA3 the latencies for inhibitory synaptic responses between interneurons and pyramidal cells were significantly shorter than those for excitatory responses between pyramidal cells. Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in interneurons had a significantly shorter time-to-peak than those recorded in pyramidal neurons. 5. 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX)- and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP5)-sensitive components were identified in unitary monosynaptic EPSPs in CA3-CA3 and CA3-CA1 pyramidal cell pairs. The CNQX-sensitive component had a mean time-to-peak and duration of 6.2 +/- 0.3 (SE) ms and 61.2 +/- 2.0 ms, respectively, and an amplitude of approximately 1 mV (n = 93). The AP5-sensitive component of EPSPs was only detected when the cell was depolarized with respect to the resting potential, had a mean time-to-peak of 41 +/- 5 ms and duration of 121 +/- 11 ms (n = 6), and increased in amplitude with postsynaptic depolarization. 6. Unitary monosynaptic IPSPs between an interneuron and a pyramidal cell had a mean amplitude of approximately 1 mV and were fully blocked by gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonists (n = 3). 7. Unitary inhibitory responses were found only within, but not between, areas CA3 or CA1. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)