Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Gain Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna With Parasitic Cell for 5G Communication

A novel printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna with bow–tie parasitic cell for the gain enhancement is presented for 5G mobile and wireless communication. The antenna is fed by the substrate integrated waveguide. The gain of the antenna is enhanced using parasitic cell—several bow–tie directors and bow–tie parasitic patches. The adding of bow–tie directors are based on the principle of the quasi-Yagi and the bow–tie antenna. Moreover, the parasitic patches are used to enhance the antenna gain by expanding the transverse radiation aperture of the antenna according to the principle of the antenna array. The proposed antenna has been designed, fabricated, and tested. It can be observed that the PLPDA antenna gain with the parasitic cell is increased about 1-dBi compared with the antenna with the single-sided rectangle directors. And the S11 of the proposed antenna is less than −12 dB, the cross-polarization level is better than −15 dB, and the gain of the presented antenna is 7.3–12.5 dBi over the whole operating frequency range of 40–50 GHz.
Evaluation of occlusal groove patterns of mandibular first and second molars in an Indian population: A forensic anthropological study

Background: The study of dental morphological characteristics is important in anthropological research as it can provide information on the phylogenetic relationship between species, as well as variations and diversities within a population. Aims and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of six types of mandibular second molars in Gujarat state and the results can be used in both forensic anthropological researches and clinical aspects of dental sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive investigation was undertaken among 1000 students (13–25 years old) in high schools and dental institutes of Gujarat state. The students were selected by cluster sampling method and screened for the number of cusps and groove patterns of mandibular first and second molars. Gender and religion of the students were recorded on prepared forms. Statistical Analysis: It was done with the help of STATAIC-13 software. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and Pearson's Chi-square test was used to check association between variables. Throughout the discussion, level of significance was set at 5%. Results and Conclusion: The high percentage of “+-”shaped groove pattern and low percentage of primitive “y-”shaped pattern in our study shows a tremendous evolutionary trend persisting in this population. The analysis of dental morphological traits is crucial in anthropological research as it can provide data on the phylogenetic relationship between species, as well as variations and diversities within a population.
INDUSTRIAL DYNAMICS OF BIODIESEL INDUSTRY IN BRAZIL

Abstract The aim of this article was to analyze the dynamics of Brazilian biodiesel industry betweenthe years 2005 and 2010. The level of concentration was analyzed using the CR4 and CR8indexes and the Herfi ndahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), data were collected in ANP database.With the aid of a distribution frequency table, an analysis of the categories of the Brazilianbiodiesel plants was made in an attempt to understand the dynamics within the structureof this industry, between those years (2005-2010). Based on these analyses it can be seenthere was a shift within the Brazilian biodiesel industry from highly concentrated in 2005to moderately concentrated in 2010. Between 2005 and 2010, the CR4 fell from 100% to41.12%, and the same trend was found for the CR8, which fell 33.05 percentage points.During the period under analysis there was an increase in the number of small biodieselproduction plants, but still the production from large plants that corresponds to higherbiodiesel production volumes in the country. Keywords: Biodiesel. Brazilian Industry. Industry Concentration. Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a dinâmica da industria brasileira de biodiesel entre os anos de 2005 e 2010. O nivel de concentracao foi analisado usando os indices CR4 e CR8 e o indice Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI), os dados foram coletados na base de dados da Agencia Nacional de Petroleo (ANP). Com a ajuda de uma tabela de distribuicao de frequencia, foi feita uma analise das categorias das usinas de biodiesel brasileiras em uma tentativa de entender a dinâmica da estrutura dessa industria entre os anos referidos (2005-2010). Com base nessas analises, pode observar-se que houve uma uma mudanca na industria brasileira, de altamente concentrada, em 2005, para moderadamente concentrada, em 2010. Entre 2005 e 2010, o CR4 caiu de 100% para 41.21%, e a mesma tendencia foi observada para o CR8 que caiu 33.05 pontos percentuais. Durante o periodo em analise, houve um crescimento no numero de numero de usinas de biodiesel, mas, mesmo assim, o maior volume de biodiesel continuou a ser produzido pelas maiores usinas. Palavras-chave : Biodiesel. Industria brasileira. Concentracao industrial.
Use of Multistate Models to Assess Prolongation of Intensive Care Unit Stay Due to Nosocomial Infection

Background. Reliable data on the costs attributable to nosocomial infection (NI) are crucial to demonstrating the real cost-effectiveness of infection control measures. Several studies investigating this issue with regard to intensive care unit (ICU) patients have probably overestimated, as a result of inappropriate study methods, the part played by NIs in prolonging the length of stay. Methods. Data from a prospective study of the incidence of NI in 5 ICUs over a period of 18 months formed the basis of this analysis. For describing the temporal dynamics of the data, a multistate model was used. Thus, ICU patients were counted as case patients as soon as an NI was ascertained on any particular day. All patients were then regarded as control subjects as long as they remained free of NI (time-to-event data analysis technique). Results. Admitted patients (n = 1,876) were observed for the development of NI over a period of 28,498 patient-days. In total, 431 NIs were ascertained during the study period (incidence density, 15.1 NIs per 1,000 patient-days). The influence of NI as a time-dependent covariate in a proportional hazards model was highly significant (P< .0001, Wald test). NI significantly reduced the discharge hazard (hazard ratio, 0.72 [95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.82])—that is, it prolonged the ICU stay. The mean prolongation of ICU length of stay due to NI ( ± standard error) was estimated to be 5.3 ± 1.6 days. Conclusions. Further studies are required to enable comparison of data on prolongation of ICU length of stay with the results of various study methods.
Antropología, feminismo y política: violencia feminicida y derechos humanos de las mujeres

[es] Marcela Lagarde plantea un tema global, como es el de la violencia machista contra las mujeres, situandola en la realidad mexicana y mostrando la complejidad y la extension de esa violencia que aparece incrustada en las propias estructuras estatales.
The cognitive impairment induced by zinc deficiency in rats aged 0∼2 months related to BDNF DNA methylation changes in the hippocampus

Objective: This study was carried out to understand the effects of zinc deficiency in rats aged 0∼2 months on learning and memory, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene methylation status in the hippocampus. Methods: The lactating mother rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12): zinc-adequate group (ZA: zinc 30 mg/kg diet), zinc-deprived group (ZD: zinc 1 mg/kg diet), and a pair-fed group (PF: zinc 30 mg/kg diet), in which the rats were pair-fed to those in the ZD group. After weaning (on day 23), offspring were fed the same diets as their mothers. After 37 days, the zinc concentrations in the plasma and hippocampus were measured, and the behavioral function of the offspring rats was measured using the passive avoidance performance test. We then assessed the DNA methylation patterns of the exon IX of BDNF by methylation-specific quantitative real-time PCR and the mRNA expression of BDNF in the hippocampus by RT-PCR. Results: Compared with the ZA and PF groups, rats in the ZD group had shorter latency period, lower zinc concentrations in the plasma and hippocampus (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the DNA methylation of the BDNF exon IX was significantly increased in the ZD group, compared with the ZA and PF groups, whereas the expression of the BDNF mRNA was decreased. In addition, the DNMT1 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated and DNMT3A was downregulated in the ZD group, but not in the ZA and PF groups. Conclusion: The learning and memory damage in offspring may be a result of the epigenetic changes of the BDNF genes in response to the zinc-deficient diet during 0∼2 month period. Furthermore, this work supports the speculative notion that altered DNA methylation of BDNF in the hippocampus is one of the main causes of cognitive impairment by zinc deficiency.
Refractory semantics in global aphasia: on semantic organisation and the access-storage distinction in neuropsychology.

A single case study is reported of a global aphasic patient, JM, with impaired access to semantic information which was particularly severe for the class of proper names. JM's ability to perform matching tasks with printed words and pictures to auditory words deteriorated when items were repeated, especially when the response-stimulus interval was short. Performance was also inconsistent across items. The effect of repeated testing on items generalised to other, previously untested members of the same category. Despite this, JM was able to access general semantic information about stimuli from the affected categories (e.g. to categorise boys' and girls' names), and showed good ability to access an input lexicon concerning these stimuli. There was also a close relationship between the categories affected when he was tested with pictures and printed words. We propose that JM's deficit can be attributed to his semantic system entering an abnormal refractory state once semantic access for a particular item has been achieved, and with this stage being isolated from the procedures providing access to stored lexical knowledge. Furthermore, the representations affected seem common to pictures and printed words. We discuss the implications of the results for understanding the nature of semantic representations in general and for proper names in particular, and for the distinction between access and storage deficits in neuropsychology.
Suppression of ras-mediated transformation and inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis by anthrax lethal factor, a proteolytic inhibitor of multiple MEK pathways

Lethal factor is a protease, one component of Bacillus anthracis exotoxin, which cleaves many of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MEKs). Given the importance of MEK signaling in tumorigenesis, we assessed the effects of anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) on tumor cells. LeTx was very effective in inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in V12 H-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. In vitro, treatment of transformed cells with LeTx caused them to revert to a nontransformed morphology, and inhibited their abilities to form colonies in soft agar and to invade Matrigel without markedly affecting cell proliferation. In vivo, LeTx inhibited growth of ras-transformed cells implanted in athymic nude mice (in some cases causing tumor regression) at concentrations that caused no apparent animal toxicity. Unexpectedly, LeTx also greatly decreased tumor neovascularization. These results demonstrate that LeTx potently inhibits ras-mediated tumor growth and is a potential antitumor therapeutic.
How to facilitate parents and their premature infant for the transition home.

BACKGROUND An intervention programme was carried through in a neonatal intensive care unit at the Copenhagen University Hospital in Denmark in 1998/99. It comprised: (1) educational programmes during hospitalization for parents with premature infants; (2) visit and orientation about the neonatal intensive care unit by the family's health visitor; a multidisciplinary and cross-sector discharge conference; and (3) publication of relevant booklets for parents and health care providers. AIM To present the parents' experiences from this intervention, concerning support and coordination following delivery of a premature infant. METHOD A non-experimental design and descriptive study. The qualitative methods used were semi-structured questionnaires and focus group interviews. FINDINGS The parents found that most of the intervention initiatives contributed to increased support and met their needs, including contributing to their confidence in caring for their premature infant and its well-being following discharge. The study contributed to meaningful knowledge about the consequences for parents and premature infants when mother and infant are separated in the beginning of life, mindful of the process of mother-infant bonding. IMPLICATIONS Major actions from the intervention programme now form permanent functions in the neonatal intensive care unit as well as in the primary health care sector. The study also confirmed the benefit of the role of the nurse-coordinator.
COMMD1/Murr1 Reinforces HIV-1 Latent Infection through IκB-α Stabilization

ABSTRACT The transcription factor NF-κB is important for HIV-1 transcription initiation in primary HIV-1 infection and reactivation in latently HIV-1-infected cells. However, comparative analysis of the regulation and function of NF-κB in latently HIV-1-infected cells has not been done. Here we show that the expression of IκB-α, an endogenous inhibitor of NF-κB, is enhanced by latent HIV-1 infection via induction of the host-derived factor COMMD1/Murr1 in myeloid cells but not in lymphoid cells by using four sets of latently HIV-1-infected cells and the respective parental cells. IκB-α protein was stabilized by COMMD1, which attenuated NF-κB signaling during Toll-like receptor ligand and tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment and enhanced HIV-1 latency in latently HIV-1-infected cells. Activation of the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–JAK pathway is involved in COMMD1 induction in latently HIV-1-infected cells. Our findings indicate that COMMD1 induction is the NF-κB inhibition mechanism in latently HIV-1-infected cells that contributes to innate immune deficiency and reinforces HIV-1 latency. Thus, COMMD1 might be a double-edged sword that is beneficial in primary infection but not beneficial in latent infection when HIV-1 eradication is considered. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 latency is a major barrier to viral eradication in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. In this study, we found that COMMD1/Murr1, previously identified as an HIV-1 restriction factor, inhibits the proteasomal degradation of IκB-α by increasing the interaction with IκB-α in latently HIV-1-infected myeloid cells. IκB-α protein was stabilized by COMMD1, which attenuated NF-κB signaling during the innate immune response and enhanced HIV-1 latency in latently HIV-1-infected cells. Activation of the PI3K-JAK pathway is involved in COMMD1 induction in latently HIV-1-infected cells. Thus, the host-derived factor COMMD1 is beneficial in suppressing primary infection but enhances latent infection, indicating that it may be a double-edged sword in HIV-1 eradication.
A prospective, randomized study comparing cefepime and imipenem-cilastatin in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia in patients treated for haematological malignancies

A prospective, open label, randomized, multicentre study was conducted, comparing the efficacy and safety of cefepime with that of imipenem-cilastatin for the management of febrile neutropenia in patients with haematological malignancies. Furthermore, the safety of early discontinuation of antibiotic therapy in patients with fever of undetermined origin (FUO) was assessed. A total of 180 patients with 207 febrile episodes were randomized at start of fever (105 episodes for cefepime and 102 episodes for imipenem). The 2 groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, underlying malignancy, prior transplantation, and presence of central venous catheters. All patients were neutropenic at inclusion with median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 0.1×109/l(range 0–1×109/l), and ANC ≤0.1×109/l in 77% of included patients. The mean duration of neutropenia, with ANC <0.5×109/l was 6.2 d. Febrile episodes were classified as microbiologically documented infection (47%), FUO (43%), or clinically documented infection (10%). At final evaluation 1–2 weeks after completion of antibiotic therapy, monotherapy success rates were 40% and 51% in the cefepime and imipenem-cilastatin groups respectively (p=0.33). The 4-week overall mortality rate was 5%. Three (2%) of the cefepime treated patients and 4 (3%) of the imipenem-cilastatin treated patients died as a result of infection. Adverse events directly related to antibiotic treatment were uncommon and did not differ between groups. Early discontinuation of antibiotic therapy in 31 patients with FUO 48 h after defervescence was not associated with an increased rate of fever relapse or mortality compared with a subgroup of 29 patients where therapy was continued.
FILAMENTATION IN OPTICALLY CONTROLLED SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES

In recent years, current filamentation has been identified as an important mode of failure in optically controlled semiconductor switches, preventing the hold-off voltage of the devices to reach its theoretical (material-dependent) limit. While considerable progress has been made in describing the phenomenological features of this process, little is still known about the mechanisms that responsible for it in the first place. In this paper we investigate the role of two normally overlooked effects, namely that of magneto-constriction (“pinching”) and of multi-impact ionization of deep traps. Extending earlier work on this matter [l], we show that a combination of the two effects may indeed give rise to dynamic phenomena which qualitatively resemble the observed processes. A quantitative evaluation, however, shows that the processes ~ while indeed important for filamentation ~ are not dominant enough to explain the documented time scales by itself.
HYDRO-ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROCESS OF NEGOTIATION IN NORTHERN MANITOBA, 1960 - 1977

RESUME The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of negotiation as it developed between the Manitoba Government, Manitoba Hydro, the Federal Government, Provincial Native Organizations, unaffiliated special interest groups, and Native communities, in the face of extensive, long-term hydroelectric development plans in Northern Manitoba. The analysis focuses on two specific hydro-electric projects, the Grand Rapids and Churchill-Nelson River projects, and two specific Cree communities, Easterville and South Indian Lake. The approaches adopted by all parties in the negotiation process are described and analysed. Le but de cette etude est d'examiner les negociations entreprises par les gouvernements du Canada et du Manitoba, ainsi que par Manitoba Hydro, les organisations autochtones provinciales, certains groupes d'interet particuliers non-alignes, et les communautes autochtones elles-memes, en raison des projets de developpement hydro-electriques a long terme dans le nord du Manitoba. Deux projets hydro-electriques en particulier, ceux de Grand Rapids et des rivieres Churchill-Nelson, et deux communautes crises, Easterville et South Indian Lake, ont ete etudies par l'auteur; celui-ci presente et analyse le point de rue adopte par chacun des nombreux partis dans ce processus de negociations. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NATIVE STUDIES IV, 2(1984): 205-239 206 JAMES B. WALDRAM
Statin Use and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness: Results from the Population-Based North Carolina–Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project

Background: Although statin use has been associated with reduced prostate cancer aggressiveness, the impact of race and patient characteristics on this association is not well understood. We examined the association between statin use and prostate cancer aggressiveness in Caucasians (CA) and African Americans (AA) and explored effect modification by health-seeking behaviors associated with statin use. Methods: Of 1,930 cases from The North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project, 344 (18%) were classified as aggressive based on clinical criteria. Utilizing nonaggressive cases as referent, logistic regression was used to examine the association between statin use and prostate cancer aggressiveness, overall and stratified by race. Smoking and prostate cancer screening were examined as effect modifiers of this association. Results: There was an inverse association between statin use and prostate cancer aggressiveness [OR, 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56–0.96], with comparable effect estimates in both races. Although not statistically significant, statin use was associated with reduced ORs for aggressive prostate cancer in never-screened men (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.45–1.39), men screened at low/recommended frequency (≤once/year; OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.41–1.06), and men screened at high frequency (>once/year; OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.53–1.15). Inverse associations between statins and aggressive prostate cancer were strongest in never smokers (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.25–0.72), attenuated in former smokers (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.59–1.19), and absent in current smokers (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.70–2.64). Conclusions: Statin use was associated with reduced prostate cancer aggressiveness in CA and AAs, with strongest inverse associations in nonsmokers. Impact: Health-seeking behaviors associated with statin use should be considered when examining the impact of statins on prostate cancer aggressiveness. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(4); 670–7. ©2016 AACR.
Matrix Metalloproteinases of Human Leiomyoma in Various Stages of Tumor Growth

The amounts and activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were studied in human myometrium and uterine leiomyomas in various stages of growth. It was found that both myometrium and the investigated tumors contain collagenolytic enzymes. MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were found. Gelatinase A (MMP-2) is the most abundant. In control myometrium only 10% of this enzyme exists in an active form, whereas in tumors, especially in large ones, the values reach 30%. It is suggested that the high activity of MMP-2 is responsible for remodelling of extracellular matrix in the growing tumors.
A new method to obtain ultimate bounds and convergence rates for perturbed time‐delay systems

A new method is proposed to determine the ultimate bounds and the convergence rates for perturbed time‐delay systems when the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals and their derivatives are available. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method is more concise, more widely applicable, and the obtained results are less conservative. To show the three features, the proposed method is applied to improve three existing results, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resistance to Chemotherapy in Cancer: A Complex and Integrated Cellular Response

Inherent and acquired resistance pathways account for the high rate of failure in cancer chemotherapy. The mechanisms or pathways mediating resistance may be classified as pharmacokinetic (i.e. alter intratumour drug exposue) or pharmacodynamic (i.e. failure to elicit cytotoxicity). More often than not, the resistant phenotype is characterised by alterations in multiple pathways. Consequently, the pathways may act synergistically or generate a broad spectrum of resistance to anticancer drugs. There has been a great deal of systematic characterisation of drug resistance in vitro. However, translating this greater understanding into clinical efficacy has rarely been achieved. This review explores the phenomenon of drug resistance in cancer and highlights the gap between in vitro and in vivo observations. This gap presents a major obstacle in overcoming drug resistance and restoring sensitivity to chemotherapy.