Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Measurements of Perfusion and Permeability of Oropharyngeal and Oral Cavity Cancer, Recurrent Disease, and Associated Lymph Nodes Using First-Pass Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Studies

Objectives:We sought to evaluate the routine clinical use of perfusion computed tomography in the detection and differentiation of primary and recurrent oropharynx and oral cavity tumors as well as of nodal disease. Materials and Methods:A total of 77 patients with primary cancer as well as suspected recurrent disease and lymph nodes were evaluated. A dynamic acquisition (4 × 6-mm slices) of the largest axial tumor surface was performed and the tumor blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and mean transit time (MTT) were calculated by using a modified deconvolution-based analysis taking into account the extravasation of the contrast agent for permeability surface area product imaging (PS). Tumor volume was calculated and region of interest analysis was performed on the pathologic and normal tissue. Results:The mean BF, BV, and PS values in the primary tumors (77.48 mL/min/100 g tissue; 5.29 mL/min; 13.33 mL/min/100 g tissue, respectively) were highly significantly different (P < 0.01) than those obtained in the normal structures. Mean MTT values (9.01 seconds) also were significantly lowered in the tumors compared with normal tissue (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the perfusion values between the primary and the recurrent tumors. Recurrent disease could be differentiated on the basis of BF (P < 0.05) from tissue changes after chemo-radiation-treatment (mean BF: 69.71 versus 45.31 mL/min/100 g tissue, respectively). Differentiation of the lymph nodes was not possible by means of perfusion values. Tumor volume did not significantly correlate with any perfusion parameter. Conclusions:Perfusion CT of oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer in clinical routine is feasible and helps outlining the malignant tissue as well as differentiating recurrent disease from nonspecific post-therapeutic changes.
Managerial Perception of Supply Chain Quality Risk: Risk Analysis and Decision Analysis

Due to increased supply chain complexity, ensuring the quality of supply materials or products from upstream suppliers has become a challenge for firms. A great deal has been written on possible solutions and strategies to deal with supply chain quality risk (SCQR) in recent years. However, the manager’s decision-making process in relation to SCQR has not been fully researched. To close this gap, the aims of this study were to scrutinise managers’ perceptions of SCQR, as well as the antecedents of and decision-making related to perceived SCQR. The relevant literature was comprehensively reviewed in order to build a foundation for the conceptualisation of perceived SCQR. This study proposed that the managerial perception of SCQR was a multi-dimensional concept with four representations. A rigorous scale development process was adopted to develop a set of reliable instruments to measure perceived SCQR. With a sample of 316 Chinese manufacturers, the validity and reliability of the measurement scales for the representations of SCQR perception were assessed. Based on the risky-decision making model, a theoretical framework of the managerial decision-making process in relation to perceived SCQR was proposed. Furthermore, the agency theory and resource dependence theory were drawn on to identify factors related to the supply chain relationship and supply chain quality barriers that might have effects on three of the representations of SCQR. Based on the resource dependence theory, it was found that buyer and supplier dependence affect the representations of SCQR differently. The empirical results indicate that the inability to test and inability to trace are significant drivers of the perception of SCQR. The representation of SCQR impact on the intention of adopting two oriented quality management practices was also examined. The result reveals that when managers face increasing SCQR, they tend to be conservative in applying the quality management practices.
Dynamic pressure measurements for the detailed study of hoof balance: the effect of trimming.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Studies on hoof balance have, so far, only assessed the effects of strong and relatively unrealistic interventions due to technical limitations of measuring equipment. For the assessment of more subtle interventions, other techniques are necessary. OBJECTIVES To test a sensitive pressure measurement system during locomotion and to set a standard for further studies by using the system to evaluate the effects of trimming. METHODS Eighteen horses were measured before and after trimming with an interval of 4 weeks. Trimming was standardised to a straight hoof-pastern axis. The horses trotted over a pressure/force measuring system, with a temporal resolution of 240 Hz and a spatial resolution of 0.39 cm2. RESULTS The preferred way of landing was lateral, asymmetrical in both front and hind feet. The duration of landing was shorter in forelimbs than in hindlimbs with an equal decreasing trimming effect. Horses had a fixed hoof-unrollment pattern; the centre of pressure (CoP) travelled towards a maximum lateral deviation and returned towards the dorsopalmar/plantar axis of the hoof. Trimming decreased the intra-individual left/right difference in maximum lateral displacement. CONCLUSIONS The technique used provided easily accurate data to quantify hoof balance characteristics and to measure short-term trimming effects. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Determination of CoP patterns has added value in gait analysis and can improve our understanding of the effects of different interventions on hoof balance.
Mobile Phone Use Among Medical Residents: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Survey in Saudi Arabia

Background Mobile phones have great potential for medical education, as they allow health care providers and students to access resources efficiently at the precise time at the point-of-care to help in informed decision making. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of mobile phone usage among medical residents and to explore their attitudes, perceptions, and the challenges they experience when using mobile phones in academic and clinical practice. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all 133 residents in 17 different specialties across two large academic hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Web-based validated questionnaire measured mobile phone platform preferences, and their uses in general and medical practice. The perception of confidentiality and safety impact of using mobile phones for communication and accessing patient’s data was also explored, alongside challenges of use and how residents learn to use their mobile phone. Results With a response rate of 101/133 (75.9%) and mean age of 27.8 (SD 3.0) years, we found that 100/101 (99.0%) of participants were mobile phone users with mean duration of use of 5.12 (SD 2.4) years, and a range from 1 to 12 years. There was no significant difference in use between male and female respondents. A negative linear correlation was found between age and use duration (P=.004). The most common operating system used by participants was the iOS platform (55/101, 54.5%), with English the most commonly used language to operate residents’ mobile phones (96/100, 96.0%) despite their native language being Arabic. For communication outside medical practice, chatting applications such as WhatsApp matched phone calls as most commonly used tools (each 88/101, 87.1%). These were also the primary tools for medical communication, but used at a lower rate (each 65/101, 64.4%). In medical practice, drug (83/101, 82.2%) and medical (80/101, 79.2%) references and medical calculation applications (61/101, 60.4%) were the most commonly used. Short battery life (48/92, 52%) was the most common technical difficulty, and distraction at least on a weekly basis (54/92, 58%) was the most likely side effect of using a mobile phone in medical practice. Practically, all participants agreed with the idea of integrating medical staff mobile phones with the hospital information system. Most residents described themselves as self-learners, while half learned from peers, and a quarter learned from the Internet. Only 7/101 (6.9%) had received formal training on the medical use of mobile phones. Over half of residents thought it was safe to discuss patients over their personal, nonencrypted email. Conclusions Mobile phone use among medical residents has become almost universal in academic and clinical settings. Thus, academic and health care institutions should support proper utilization of these devices in medical training and point-of-care decision making, while continuing to protect patient confidentiality.
Studies of the cleavage in the frog egg. I. On the temporal relation between furrow determination and nuclear division.

1. The time scale of nuclear division with reference to cleavage time was prepared for the normal egg of Rana nigromaculata . 2. Two experimental procedures, ( a ) removal and ( b ) screening of the mitotic apparatus, were performed in the eggs at various times before the beginning of the first cleavage, in order to determine when the furrowing activity of the cortex became independent of the mitotic apparatus. 3. The two experiments concordantly indicated that an autonomous capacity for furrowing was established in the cortex between the metaphase and the late anaphase. 4. Notwithstanding its extremely large size, this critical stage for the frog egg is practically the same as those which have been reported in other smaller cells.
The Effects of Personalizaion and Familiarity on Trust and Adoption of Recommendation Agents

In the context of personalization technologies, such as Web-based product-brokering recommendation agents (RAs) in electronic commerce, existing technology acceptance theories need to be expanded to take into account not only the cognitive beliefs leading to adoption behavior, but also the affect elicited by the personalized nature of the technology. This study takes a trust-centered, cognitive and emotional balanced perspective to study RA adoption. Grounded on the theory of reasoned action, the IT adoption literature, and the trust literature, this study theoretically articulates and empirically examines the effects of perceived personalization and familiarity on cognitive trust and emotional trust in an RA, and the impact of cognitive trust and emotional trust on the intention to adopt the RA either as a decision aid or as a delegated agent. An experiment was conducted using two commercial RAs. PLS analysis results provide empirical support for the proposed theoretical perspective. Perceived personalization significantly increases customers' intention to adopt by increasing cognitive trust and emotional trust. Emotional trust plays an important role beyond cognitive trust in determining customers' intention to adopt. Emotional trust fully mediates the impact of cognitive trust on the intention to adopt the RA as a delegated agent, while it only partially mediates the impact of cognitive trust on the intention to adopt the RA as a decision aid. Familiarity increases the intention to adopt through cognitive trust and emotional trust.
Usefulness of the Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis in the Early Prediction of Severity and Mortality in Acute Pancreatitis

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) in the early prediction of severity and mortality in AP. Methods The medical records of all patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) admitted to our institution between January 2008 and July 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Severe AP was defined as the persistence of organ failure for more than 48 hours. The capacity of the BISAP score to predict severity and death was evaluated using linear-by-linear association. The predictive accuracy of the BISAP and Ranson score was measured as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results Of 299 consecutive patients, 22 (7.4%) were classified as having severe AP, and 8 (2.7%) died. There were statistically significant trends for increasing severity (P < 0.001) and mortality (P < 0.001) with increasing BISAP. The AUC for severity predicted by BISAP was 0.762 (95% confidence interval, 0.631–0.893) and by Ranson score was 0.804 (0.717–0.892). The AUC for mortality predicted by BISAP was 0.940 (0.863–1.018) and by Ranson score was 0.861 (0.734–0.988). Conclusions We confirmed that BISAP is an accurate means of risk stratification in AP within 24 hours of presentation.
The value of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

PURPOSE To our knowledge, there are no published data pertinent to the use of [(18F)]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of FDG PET/CT in this aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma referred for FDG PET/CT at our institution from July 2001 to July 2006 were retrospectively studied. PET/CT examinations were blindly reviewed by 2 experienced readers. The results were compared with the status of the disease, which was determined after evaluation of biopsy, laboratory, clinical and conventional imaging examination, and follow-up results. PET/CT results were thereby classified as true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, or false-negative. The degree of FDG uptake in the positive lesions was semiquantified using maximum standard uptake value (SUV(max)). RESULTS Twenty-one PET/CT examinations were performed in 10 patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma. For nasal disease, PET/CT was true-positive in 5 cases, true-negative in 15 cases, and positive but unconfirmed in 1 case. For extranasal disease, PET/CT was true-positive in 3 cases, true-negative in 16 cases, and false-negative in 2 cases. The mean SUV(max) in PET-positive lesions in nasal cavities or paranasal sinuses was 16 gm/mL (range, 5-25 gm/mL; median, 19.3 gm/mL). In extranasal disease, the mean SUV(max) was 10.9 gm/mL (range, 4.6-34.1 gm/mL; median, 5.6 gm/mL). CONCLUSION Viable NK/T-cell lymphoma is intensely FDG hypermetabolic. PET/CT appears to be sensitive for the detection of disease in the nasopharynx and, to a lesser extent, in extranasal sites.
Whole genome expression profiling based on paraffin embedded tissue can be used to classify diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and predict clinical outcome

This study tested the validity of whole‐genome expression profiling (GEP) using RNA from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue to sub‐classify Diffuse Large B‐cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), in a population based cohort of 172 patients. GEP was performed using Illumina Whole Genome cDNA‐mediated Annealing, Selection, extension & Ligation, and tumours were classified into germinal centre (GCB), activated B‐cell (ABC) and Type‐III subtypes. The method was highly reproducible and reliably classified cell lines of known phenotype. GCB and ABC subtypes were each characterized by unique gene expression signatures consistent with previously published data. A significant relationship between subtype and survival was observed, with ABC having the worst clinical outcome and in a multivariate survival model only age and GEP class remained significant. This effect was not seen when tumours were classified by immunohistochemistry. There was a significant association between age and subtype (mean ages ABC – 72·8 years, GC – 68·4 years, Type‐III – 64·5 years). Older patients with ABC subtype were also over‐represented in patients who died soon after diagnosis. The relationship between prognosis and subtype improved when only patients assigned to the three categories with the highest level of confidence were analysed. This study demonstrates that GEP‐based classification of DLBCL can be applied to RNA extracted from routine FFPE samples and has potential for use in stratified medicine trials and clinical practice.
Variations in breast cancer histology and treatment patterns between the major ethnic groups of South West Sydney

Studies in the United States and United Kingdom have demonstrated ethnic variations in breast cancer receptor status, histology, and treatment access. This study aimed to investigate whether ethnicity variation similarly exists in Australia. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2006 and 2011 across all public hospitals in the South Western Sydney Local Health District were identified and patient data collected retrospectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to measure the association between various biologic and treatment parameters and ethnicity. Ethnicity was found to have an influence on age of diagnosis, histology, treatment utilization, and recurrence in breast cancer patients.
Prognostic value of ST segment depression in lead aVR as a predictor of in hospital outcomes in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction

ST- segment depression in lead aVR is a predictor for culprit artery in patients with inferior myocardial infarction. We assessed the utility of ST-segment depression in lead aVR in patients with inferior myocardial infarction. 100 patients with first time inferior STEMI were included in this study. According to ST-segment depression in lead aVR on admission ECG, patients were divided into two groups: Group I: No ST-segment depression. Group II: ST-segment depression ≥ 1mm. All patients underwent primary PCI. The culprit artery was RCA in 80% of all patients and LCX in 20%. In group I, 90% had RCA, and 10% had LCX as the culprit artery. In group II, 43% had RCA, and 57 % had LCX as the target vessel. There was strong correlation between the presence of ST- segment depression in lead aVR and the culprit artery (P =0.0001). The mean peak CK-MB was significantly higher in-group II (250.62 ± 119.79 u/l) than in group I (191.73 ± 76.19 u/l), P =0.007. In-Hospital mortality was higher in ST- segment depression group (14.3% vs 2.5%), P= 0.03. Patients with STsegment depression have higher rate of killip class IV (14.3% vs 1.3%), P= 0.007. ST-segment depression in lead aVR predicted culprit artery occlusion with high sensitivity and specificity for LCX and was associated with larger infarction size and worse in hospital outcome.
Projection and Realism in Hume's Philosophy

Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction PART I: RELIGION AND THE EXTERNAL WORLD 1. Projection, Religion and the External World 2. The Senses, Reason and the Imagination 3. Realism, Meaning and Justification: The External World and Religious Belief PART II: MODALITY, PROJECTION AND REALISM 4. 'Our Profound Ignorance': Causal Realism and the Failure to Detect Necessity 5. Spreading the Mind: Projection and Necessity 6. Into the Labyrinth: Persons, Modality and Hume's Undoing PART III: VALUE, PROJECTION AND REALISM 7. Gilding: Projection, Value and Secondary Qualities 8. The Gold: Good, Evil, Belief and Desire 9. The Golden: Relational Values, Realism and a Moral Sense
Type of Dietary Fat and Insulin Resistance

Abstract: Animal studies have already shown the possibility to modulate insulin action by changing not only the amount of total fat, but also the type of fat. In these studies, saturated fat significantly increased insulin resistance, long‐ and short‐chain ω3 fatty acids significantly improved it, whereas the effects of monounsaturated and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged somewhere in between the two. A recent multicenter study (the Kanwu study) on humans has shown that shifting from a diet rich in saturated fatty acids to one rich in monounsaturated fat improved insulin sensitivity in healthy people, while a moderate ω3 supplementation did not affect it; this second finding confirms previous results in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia. There are also other aspects of the metabolic syndrome that can be influenced by the different type of dietary fat, particularly blood pressure and lipid metabolism. With respect to blood pressure, the majority of studies show that ω3 fatty acids are able to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients, but not in normotensive individuals; this result has been confirmed also by the Kanwu study, where no changes in blood pressure were seen after ω3 supplementation in healthy people. On the other hand, in this study, the change from saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids was able to significantly reduce diastolic blood pressure. As to the lipid abnormalities more frequently present in the metabolic syndrome (i.e., hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol), the main effects are related to ω3 fatty acids, which surely reduce triglyceride levels, but at the same time increase LDL cholesterol. In conclusion, there is so far sound evidence in humans that the quality of dietary fat is able to influence insulin resistance and some of the related metabolic abnormalities.
Multichannel surface EMG: Basic aspects and clinical utility

The generation of the surface electromyogram (sEMG) is described with regard to the properties of the single muscle fiber action potential as source, the physical aspects of volume conduction and recording configuration, and the properties and firing pattern of motor units (MUs). The spatial aspect of the motor unit action potential (MUP) is emphasized in relation to the results of high‐density, multichannel sEMG measurements. The endplate zone, depth, size, and position of MUs can be estimated. The use of muscle fiber conduction velocity measurements in channelopathies and the changes in pathological fatigue are described. Using the unique patterns of spatial spread of MUPs over the skin (MU fingerprint), MU classification and the determination of firing moments is done noninvasively. Clinical applications of high‐density sEMG measurements are reviewed. Emerging possibilities provided by MUP size and fingerprint measurements in neuromuscular disease and motor control are discussed. We conclude that multichannel sEMG adds unique, and sometimes indispensable, spatial information to our knowledge of the motor unit. Muscle Nerve 28: 1–17, 2003