Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Debug methodology for arithmetic circuits on FPGAs

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have been widely used to realize rapid prototyping for not only control units but also arithmetic circuits. As VLSI design becomes larger and takes up much longer time, verification and debugging of logic design become the dominating part of total design period. FPGA is relatively useful in such case due to its rapid implementation. However, circuit performances are very sensitive to layout designs. Therefore minimal change of circuit structures is important. In this paper, we give a debug methodology targeting arithmetic circuits which modifies circuits locally and speeds up the total time for redesign as a result. To complete debugging, we analyze circuits, extract the erroneous parts, and replace by correct circuits.
Mécanismes de prise de décision dans des environnements conflictuels: Approches comportementales,computationnelles et électrophysiologiques

La prise de decision perceptive est un processus deliberatif consistant a choisir une proposition categorielle ou un plan d’action parmi plusieurs alternatives sur la base d’information sensorielle. Elle a ete modelisee a partir de la fin des annees 60 par des mecanismes d’echantillonnage sequentiel (e.g., modele de diffusion, accumulateur balistique, etc.). Selon ces modeles, l’information sensorielle est accumulee au cours du temps jusqu’a un seuil decisionnel, a partir duquel une reponse motrice est executee. La decouverte recente de correlats neuronaux de ces modeles fonctionnels chez le primate non humain a considerablement renforce leur validite. Les mecanismes neurophysiologiques d’accumulation d’information sensorielle ont ete peu etudies chez l’homme. De plus, le champ de recherche sur la prise de decision perceptive s’est largement focalise sur des contextes experimentaux simples et peu ecologiques. Cette tendance s’est recemment inversee avec l’apparition de nouveaux modeles a echantillonnage sequentiel capturant la performance comportementale dans des tâches representatives d’experiences de vie quotidienne, necessitant un filtrage de l’information non pertinente. Ce travail de these propose un test empirique de cette nouvelle generation de modeles a partir d’etudes comportementales (experience 1) et electrophysiologiques (experiences 2 et 3) chez l’homme. La premiere experience visait a determiner si les lois chronometriques traditionnellement observees dans des tâches de choix simples restent valides dans des contextes experimentaux plus ecologiques, et si les nouveaux modeles de prise de decision peuvent expliquer ces lois. La deuxieme experience testait la dynamique d’accumulation d’information predite par les modeles grâce a l’analyse d’activations electromyographiques infraliminaires (i.e., trop faibles pour generer une reponse mecanique). La derniere experience etendait cette methodologie par une analyse en densite de courant de signaux electroencephalographiques en regard des cortex moteurs. Si ces trois etudes valident les hypotheses generales des nouveaux modeles de decision, elles demontrent certains problemes architecturaux, notamment sur les liens entre accumulation d’evidence et controle sensori-moteur. Nous proposons une serie d’extensions theoriques et computationnelles permettant d’expliquer nos observations empiriques. Ces travaux participent ainsi a la reconciliation de deux disciplines ayant longtemps evolue en parallele : les neurosciences cognitives et la psychologie mathematique.
Promoting professionals' innovative behaviour through knowledge sharing: the moderating role of social capital

Purpose – This study aims to offer new insights to further the understanding on the relevance of engaging employees in knowledge sharing behaviours in order to improve current operations.Design/methodology/approach – The authors' conceptual model proposes a direct relationship between knowledge sharing behaviours and employees' innovative behaviour, moderated by employees' perception of social capital. Six hypotheses were developed from the literature, grounded and tested among 198 employees of four hospices and palliative care organisations (H&PCOs) for dying cancer patients. All constructs were measured using multiple‐item scales that were adapted from previous related studies. The authors' hypotheses were tested using seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). Findings – This study has three main results. First, the authors found a positive role of knowledge sharing behaviours in affecting sharers' innovativeness, in terms of propensity and capacity to promote and implement new ideas. Second, sharing best pr.
A multifrequency algorithm for the retrieval of soil moisture on a large scale using microwave data from SMMR and SSM/I satellites

The sensitivity of microwave emission at different frequencies to soil moisture in bare and vegetated soils has been investigated using experimental data. Since the best frequency for the measurement of soil moisture (L-band) is absent in current satellite sensors, it is necessary to seek alternative solutions. An algorithm is proposed for the retrieval of soil moisture based on the sensitivity to moisture of both the brightness temperature and the polarization index at C-band, one that is able to correct for the effect of vegetation by means of the polarization index at X-band. The algorithm has been tested by using experimental data collected with airborne microwave radiometers on agricultural areas and validated by using the data sets of special sensor microwave/imager (SMM/I) and scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR). These research activities are planned in view of coming new satellites: AQUA (NASA) and ADEOS-II (NASDA), which will be launched by the end of 2001. These will have new generation microwave radiometers (AMSR-E and AMSR) onboard, which show much better characteristics with respect to the previous sensors, in particular an enhanced spatial resolution.
Ultrasound‐guided femoral catheter placement: a randomised comparison of the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane techniques

In‐plane vs out‐of‐plane needle‐probe alignment for perineural catheter placement remains controversial. Patients presenting for major knee surgery were randomly assigned to out‐of‐plane (n = 42) or in‐plane (n = 39) needle‐probe alignment for femoral nerve catheter placement, with both techniques using short‐axis nerve imaging. Twenty millilitres of ropivacaine 0.5% was administered via the catheter followed by a ropivacaine elastomeric infusion incorporating on‐demand boluses. All patients received pre‐operative single‐injection sciatic and obturator blocks and general anaesthesia. The primary outcome, numerically rated worst pain on movement (0–10) during the first 24 h, demonstrated equivalence within two points of the scale at a 5% significance level using two one‐sided tests (corresponding 90% CI −1.2 to 0.6). There were no differences between groups for all secondary outcomes, including numerically rated worst rest pain, ropivacaine bolus and tramadol consumption. These results suggest that for ultrasound‐guided femoral catheter placement using short‐axis nerve imaging, operators should use the needle‐probe alignment technique with which they are most familiar.
Clinical examination and interleukin-1beta levels in gingival crevicular fluid in patients treated with removable partial dentures.

PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to investigate the periodontal status and susceptibility to periodontal disease progression of the teeth in contact with removable partial dentures (RPD) and to compare them with control teeth in mouths not restored with a partial denture, by means of both clinical parameters and interleukin (IL)-1beta levels in gingival crevicular fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight periodontally healthy patients were selected for the study; 14 of them were treated with mandibular Kennedy Class I RPDs, and the other 14 patients were not restored for control. Clinical periodontal measurements were assessed, and crevicular fluid samples were collected from both abutment and control teeth to determine IL-1beta levels, which were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These procedures were performed both at baseline and 9 months after the insertion of the dentures. RESULTS The wearing of RPDs resulted in statistically higher clinical scores and total IL-1beta levels compared to the baseline examination. In contrast, no statistically significant differences were found between baseline and 9-month examinations in the control group. CONCLUSION RPDs are a risk factor for periodontal disease progression because of increased plaque accumulation associated with increased total IL-1beta levels and impaired clinical periodontal parameters.
Characterization of Human Milk Donors

The primary objective of this research was to create a detailed characterization of human milk donors, including descriptive information about demographics and lifestyle, involvement with the milk bank, reasons for donating, problems encountered while breastfeeding and pumping milk, barriers to donating milk, affective experiences, and personal values. Data were collected via telephone interview of 87 donors and 19 nondonor controls. Few relationships were found between the descriptive information and amount of milk donated. Donors reported fewer problems pumping milk than nondonors. Strategies for recruiting new donors and strategies for increasing donation amounts are presented. J Hum Lact. 23(4):350-357. El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue de crear una caracterización detallada de los bancos de leche, incluyendo información descriptiva sobre la demografía y el estilo de vida, envolvimiento con el banco de leche, razones para donar, problemas durante la lactancia y extracción de leche, barreras para donar leche, experiencias efectivas, y valores personales. Se tomaron datos a través de entrevistas telefónicas con 87 donantes y 19 nodonantes controles. Se encontró muy poca relación entre la información descriptiva y la cantidad de leche donada. Las donantes reportaron pocos problemas con la extracción de leche comparado con las no-donantes. Se presentan estrategias para reclutar nuevas donantes y estrategias para aumentar la cantidad de donaciones.
Enzymatic Resolution and Odor Description of Both Enantiomers of Lavandulol, a Fragrance of Lavender Oil

Both enantiomers of lavandulol (1), an important constituent of lavender oil, were prepared by enzymatic optical resolution, and the odor quality of the single antipodes were evaluated. The fragrance of the nature‐identical (R)‐enantiomer (‘weak floral, herbal odor with slightly lemon‐like, fresh citrus fruity nuance’) was superior to those of both the unnatural (S)‐enantiomer (‘very weak odor’) and the racemate (‘weak floral, herbal odor’).
DNA barcoding of Orchidaceae in Korea

Species of Orchidaceae are under severe threat of extinction mainly due to overcollection and habitat destruction; accurate identification of orchid species is critical in conservation biology and sustainable utilization of orchids as plant resources. We examined 647 sequences of the cpDNA regions rbcL, matK, atpF‐atpH IGS, psbK‐psbI IGS and trnH‐psbA IGS from 89 orchid species (95 taxa) and four outgroup taxa to develop an efficient DNA barcode for Orchidaceae in Korea. The five cpDNA barcode regions were successfully amplified and sequenced for all chlorophyllous taxa, but the amplification and sequencing of the same regions in achlorophyllous taxa produced variable results. psbK‐psbI IGS showed the highest mean interspecific K2P distance (0.1192), followed by matK (0.0803), atpF‐atpH IGS (0.0648), trnH‐psbA IGS (0.0460) and rbcL (0.0248). The degree of species resolution for individual barcode regions ranged from 60.5% (rbcL) to 83.5% (trnH‐psbA IGS). The degree of species resolution was significantly enhanced in multiregion combinations of the five barcode regions. Of the 26 possible combinations of the five regions, six provided the highest degree of species resolution (98.8%). Among these, a combination of atpF‐atpH IGS, psbK‐psbI IGS and trnH‐psbA IGS, which comprises the least number of DNA regions, is the best option for barcoding of the Korean orchid species.
Prevalence and Financial Losses of Lungworm Infection in Sheep in South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia

This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2013 and March 2014 to determine the prevalence of lungworms in sheep in two districts of South Wollo zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Alongside the financial losses encountered due to lungworm infection in sheep during retrospective study in Dessie municipal Abattoir was also assessed. A total of 477 fecal samples collected from sheep were examined using modified Baerman technique. Out of which 218 were found to be positive (45.71%). The lungworm species were Muellerius capillaris 212(23.48%), Dictyocaulus filaria 39(8.18%), Protostrongylusrufescens 28(5.87%) and mixed infection 39(8.18%) either with two or three species. The prevalence of lungworm infection was significantly different between sexes (χ2=32.2, P= 0.000), age groups (χ2=72.561, p=0.000) and body conditions (χ2=113.66, p=0.000). Prevalence was significantly higher in female sheep (57.94%), sheep of above 3years of age (69.01%) and poor body condition (89.62%) than males, sheep of less than 3years of age (<1 year, 1–3 years) and medium/good body conditions, respectively. Moreover, sheep showing respiratory clinical syndromes, kept under extensive management system and sampled during wet season showed statistically significant variation (p<0.05) when compared with those sheep without respiratory syndrome, kept under semi-intensive management system and sampled in dry season, respectively. The mean annual financial losses by organ condemnation and carcass weight reduction due to lungworm infection in sheep slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattoir were estimate to be 7445549.6 ETB, equivalent to 402462.1USD.
Virological and clinical characteristics of delta hepatitis in Central Europe

Summary. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) or delta hepatitis has mainly been studied in Asian and Mediterranean cohorts, but data on virological and clinical characteristics of HDV‐infected Central and Northern European patients are limited. We investigated virological patterns, as well as biochemical and clinical features of liver disease in 258 HDV infected patients recruited over a period of 15 years at Hannover Medical School. Virological parameters were compared to 2083 anti‐HDV negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive individuals. In this cohort, (i) HDV infection was associated with both suppressed hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, (ii) the suppression of HBV‐DNA and HCV‐RNA was not related to HDV‐RNA replication, (iii) mean HBsAg levels did not significantly differ between HBV‐monoinfected patients and individuals with delta hepatitis, (iv) HCV coinfection was rather frequent as about one third of our delta hepatitis patients tested anti‐HCV positive, however, without being associated with more advanced liver disease, (v) delta hepatitis patients presented in a high frequency with an advanced stage of liver disease, and (vi) the course of delta hepatitis did not differ between Turkish‐born, Eastern European (EE)‐born and German‐born patients. In summary, in this cohort of patients which is the largest so far Central European single centre group of delta hepatitis patients, we confirm the presence of frequently severe disease and describe novel virological profiles which require consideration in the management of this difficult to treat group of patients.
Effect of jumping style on the performance of large and medium elite agility dogs

Dog agility is a rapidly progressing sport worldwide. Consequentially, research and methods to improve technique and performance are becoming highly sought after. Video data were collected of elite agility dogs during a training session, with downstream analysis examining differences in apparent topline angle and jumping speed of large and medium dogs as well as collie breeds and non-collie breeds. The study further examined any correlations between topline angle and jumping speed. Findings suggest that there is a difference between the jump kinematics of large and medium dogs (P=0.001) and between collie breeds and non-collie breeds (P<0.001) with collie breeds jumping faster than non-collie breeds (P=0.013). This information could be used to inform future training regimes and competitive strategies in a breed and size specific way, with the aim to improve long-term health and welfare of canine participants, whilst also ensuring that training and competitive expectations are within biological capabilities.
Development of experimental respiratory infections in neutropenic rats with either penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae or beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae

Acute respiratory infections with penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and a beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus influenzae were established in neutropenic weanling rats. By use of nonsurgical intrabronchial instillation of the bacteria suspended in molten agar, reproducible, acute respiratory infections suitable for experimental antibiotic efficacy studies were established.
Alpha‐fetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase in twins discordant for neural tube defect

Twins concordant for elevated alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and discordant for neural tube defect (NTD) and sex are reported. A literature review reveals instances of termination of twin pregnancies with one normal and one abnormal fetus, partly based on concordant high AFP and positive AChE (although discordant on ultrasound examination). The levels of AFP and AChE in twin pregnancies are probably a function of the number of layers of fetal membranes separating twin sacs: dichorionic, diamniotic membranes allow transfer of AFP; monochorionic, diamniotic membranes allow transfer of both AFP and AChE. Cautious interpretation of biochemical findings and reliance on high resolution ultrasonography are suggested.
Effects of Free and Forced Retrieval Instructions on False Recall and Recognition

Abstract One hundred undergraduates heard 6 lists of 14 words that were each associated with 1 of 6 central concepts not on the lists (the DRMRS procedure). The participants were instructed to recall as many words as possible (free retrieval) or to fill all 14 spaces (forced retrieval) and were subsequently given a recognition test. False recall and recognition of the critical central concepts were higher with forced than with free retrieval instructions, but correct recall and recognition were not affected. Confidence was lower for false than for correct recall and recognition. Confidence was also lower with forced than with free retrieval instructions for false recall but not for false recognition. The DRMRS procedure easily elicited false memories, but confidence judgments helped more in detecting them in recall than in recognition. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
A study on information disclosure, trust, reducing search cost, and online group-buying intention

Purpose More and more disputes have quickly emerged and accumulated, hence generating uncertainties and doubts among consumers regarding the online group-buying. In order to decrease such uncertainties, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships among information disclosure, trust, reducing search cost, and online group-buying intention, as well as proposing concrete suggestions for enhancing online group-buying intention. Design/methodology/approach In order to explore the relationships among information disclosure, trust, reducing search cost, and online group-buying intention, the questionnaire and statistical analytical techniques were used. Moreover, as this study was an early attempt to develop a model for information disclosure, trust, reducing search cost, and online group-buying intention, partial least square therefore was appropriately to analyze data. Findings The results showed that the level of information disclosure and trust on a group-buying website have positive influence on reducing search costs, while reducing search costs and trust have positive influences on online group-buying intention. Research limitations/implications This research applied a purposive sampling method and obtained a slightly inadequate number of respondents. Therefore, it is suggested that future research should apply a random sampling method to collect more responses and increase the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications By more actively disclosing information it is possible for group-buying websites to increase consumer trust and decrease search costs, thus enhancing their group-buying intentions. Originality/value There are few studies on the relationships among reducing search cost, trust, and group-buying intention from the perspective of information disclosure. This study thus applies a questionnaire survey method to explore the relationships among them. This study also offers concrete suggestions to enhance group-buying intentions, and provides marketing strategies that can be used by online group-buying websites to raise their sales.
Neurobiology meets genomic science: The promise of human-induced pluripotent stem cells

Abstract The recent introduction of the induced pluripotent stem cell technology has made possible the derivation of neuronal cells from somatic cells obtained from human individuals. This in turn has opened new areas of investigation that can potentially bridge the gap between neuroscience and psychopathology. For the first time we can study the cell biology and genetics of neurons derived from any individual. Furthermore, by recapitulating in vitro the developmental steps whereby stem cells give rise to neuronal cells, we can now hope to understand factors that control typical and atypical development. We can begin to explore how human genes and their variants are transcribed into messenger RNAs within developing neurons and how these gene transcripts control the biology of developing cells. Thus, human-induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to uncover not only what aspects of development are uniquely human but also variations in the series of events necessary for normal human brain development that predispose to psychopathology.