Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of patients with a second canal in mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars in Southern China : a retrospective study

Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of a second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars is inversely correlated to age, and also correlated with the location within the three sections of the tooth (i.e., coronal, middle and/or apical). However, little is known whether this finding is true for populations from different ethnic backgrounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MB2 in the mesiobuccal root of the first and second maxillary molars in a southern Chinese subpopulation by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to investigate whether these findings correlate with patient age, gender, location within the tooth and tooth position. A total of 337 male and 310 female adult patients from Southern China with healthy, untreated, well-developed maxillary molars were enrolled. Maxillary first (n = 953) and second (n = 1066) molars were analyzed in vivo using CBCT scanning. Teeth with three roots were identified, and the presence of MB2 was analyzed for correlation with patient age, gender, location within the tooth and tooth position. Interestingly, a positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of MB2 and age. In addition, there was a correlation between both gender (male) and tooth position (left side) with higher MB2 prevalence. MB2 was more distinct in the middle than in the coronal and apical third. Significant associations were also found between the overall presence of MB2 and patient gender, age and tooth position. To sum up, the prevalence of MB2 in maxillary molars is declining in younger patients, which may be a result of evolution. The detective rate of MB2 decreases from middle to, coronal, and further to apical third. In addition, we found an association with gender, age and tooth position with MB2.
Adsorption Properties of Sediments for Pesticides: Investigation with Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry

Use of pesticides is necessary in the recent agricultural production for removal of weeds and pests which interfere growth of crops. Though use amount and use methods are determined by standards for the each pesticide, residual pesticides in environments and foods are paid attentions much from the view point of food safety. Therefore, analytical methods to evaluate pesticide residue contained in foods are investigated well (Okihashi et al. 2005). On the other hand, pesticides spread in agricultural fields and golf links are not only taken by plants but also drawn to environment as waste water with rain water and supplied waters, and it is issued that the pesticides pass through sediments to reach to ground waters (Sudo et al., 2002). Japanese Ministry of Environment determined pesticide control law and standard indexes for golf link pesticides to monitor and control the pesticides emitted to environment (Ministry of Environment, Government of Japan, 2001). Determination methods for the pesticides contained in several kinds of samples are usually complicated and difficult to determine accurately without sophisticated skill (Ormad et al., 1996; Zhou et al., 2009). In addition, the determination methods are different with different target analyte and samples, and it takes long time to determine several kinds of pesticides. In 2005, the positive list for residual pesticides was presented and multiple analysis methods were shown such as gas chromatography (GC) analysis after supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) (Okihashi et al., 2005; Tobino et al., 2007). For each pesticide, on the other hand, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (Ormad et al., 1996) and solid phase extraction (SPE) (Zhou et al., 2009) are popular for the determination. However, they are time consuming and require good experimental skill and also consume much organic solvent not to be good for environmental charging. Accordingly, we tried to apply SFE method to environmental analysis which is already used for food analysis as Tobino et al. presented before (2007). The SFE is effective extraction utilizing supercritical fluid characteristics such as high permeability of the fluid and high solubility of organic solutes to the fluid. Such SFE has been applied to determination of dioxines contained in sediments (Miyawaki et al., 2003). Glazkov et al.
The Role of Governance in Mobile Phones for Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

This study assesses the synergy effects of governance in mobile phone penetration for inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa with data for the period 2000-2012 by employing a battery of interactive estimation techniques, namely: Fixed effects (FE), Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) and Tobit regressions. Concepts of political (voice & accountability and political stability/no violence), economic (government effectiveness and regulation quality) and institutional (corruption-control and rule of law) governance are employed. The following findings are established. First, the previously apparent positive correlation between mobile phones and inclusive development can be extended to a positive effect. Second, whereas political governance is overwhelmingly not significant across estimated models, average effects from economic governance are higher relative to institutional governance. Third, on the synergy effects from interactions between mobile phones and governance variables, whereas none are apparent in FE regressions, there are significant synergy effects in GMM and Tobit estimations, notably, from: (i) regulation quality in the former and (ii) political stability, voice & accountability and rule of law in the latter. Fourth, there is consistent evidence of convergence in inclusive human development. Policy implications are discussed.
BIG DATA : NEED FOR RBC DONOR-RECIPIENT LINKED COHORT STUDIES IN TRANSFUSED NEONATES

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a common and lifesaving therapy for anemic neonates and infants, particularly among those born prematurely or undergoing surgery. However, evidencebased indications for when to administer RBCs and adverse effects of RBC transfusion on important outcomes including necrotizing enterocolitis, survival and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment remain uncertain. In addition, blood-banking practices for preterm and term neonates and infants have been largely developed using studies from older children and adults. Use of and refinements in emerging technologies and advances in biomarker discovery and neonatal-specific RBC transfusion databases may allow clinicians to better define and tailor RBC transfusion needs and practices to individual neonates. Decreasing the need for RBC transfusion and developing neonatal-specific approaches in the preparation of donor RBCs has potential for reducing resource utilization and cost, improving outcomes, and assuring blood safety. Finally, large donor-recipient linked cohort studies can provide data to better understand the balance of the risks and benefits of RBC transfusion in neonates. These studies may also guide the translation of new research into best practices that can rapidly be integrated into routine care. This review highlights key opportunities in transfusion medicine and neonatology for improving the preparation and transfusion of RBCs into neonates and infants. We focus on timely, currently addressable knowledge gaps that can increase the safety and efficacy of preterm and term neonatal and infant RBC transfusion practices. Address correspondence to: Ravi Mangal Patel, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015, Uppergate Dr. NE, 3rd floor, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Tel. : +1-404-727-5905, rmpatel@emory.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Ravi M. Patel and Erin K. Meyer have no potential conflicts of interest for this publication. John A. Widness serves on the scientific advisory board for HemoGenix Corporation. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Transfus Med Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 October 01. Published in final edited form as: Transfus Med Rev. 2016 October ; 30(4): 165–173. doi:10.1016/j.tmrv. 2016.06. 005. A uhor M anscript
Theme and thematic progression in learner English: A literature review

Theme and thematic progression in learner English has been studied extensively. This paper reviews the literature of Theme and thematic progression in learner English. Related articles appearing in the international journals from 1994 to 2013 are gathered and analyzed so that the following four questions can be answered: (i) How can Theme and thematic progression improve coherence in learner English output? (ii) How do English learners deviate from English native speakers in Theme and thematic progression in their output? (iii) What factors contribute to English learners’ deviation in use of Theme and thematic progression? (iv) How can instruction in Theme and thematic progression improve English learners’ use of Theme and thematic progression? Observations are also provided. This review not only provides a synthesis of the related literature in Theme and thematic progression, but also points to issues that could be further addressed in this research area.
Effects of acidosis on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell

Background: Acidosis affects the function of osteoblasts including mineral metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of proliferation and differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) induced by simulated respiratory acidosis and the mechanisms underlying it. Materials and methods: A simulated model of hBMMSCs were performing with respiratory acidosis. Protein expression was measured by western blotting. Cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay, and the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity rate was measured using lactate dehydrogenase-Cytotoxicity Assay Kit. Expression levels of runx2, alkaline phosphatase, and type I collagen mRNA were measured by RT-qPCR. Results: Levels of alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression in acidosis medium raised up were less than alkaline phosphatase mRNA in negative controls. Compared to negative controls, exposure to acidic medium suppressed alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity. The toxicity of acid on hBMMSCs was tested for up to 24 h in culture. Comparing with negative controls, acidosis did not result in any significant toxicity to the cells; however, cell proliferation significantly declined. The increase of runx2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in acidosis was higher than the levels observed in negative controls. Corresponding to runx2, the levels type I collagen mRNA in acidosis appeared to be greater than levels observed in negative controls. Similar to the mRNA, the increase in collagen deposit after normalization by protein concentration was observed in cells cultivated in acidic environment. Conclusion: The results revealed that the adverse effect of acidosis on bone formation was largely due to the impairment of bone matrix mineralization. Acidosis had diverse impact on osteoblastic genes and altered the differentiation of osteoblast, as well as attenuated the function of osteoblast.
Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Attitudes Toward Research Scale in a Graduate Student Sample

Graduate training in psychology emphasizes a student's ability to understand research design and methodology, as well as to generate research that contributes to the profession. The Attitudes Toward Research (ATR) scale was developed in 2005 to measure attitudes among student populations. Past research suggests the scale contains five factors: usefulness of research, research anxiety, positive feelings about research, relevancy of research to the students' daily lives, and difficulty of research. The current study utilized data collected from first year graduate students (N = 128) to examine the psychometric properties of the ATR. While the internal consistency and the construct validity of the scale were adequate, the scale did not appear to be a predictor of student grades in this sample. Exploratory factor analyses revealed a three-, four-, and seven-factor solution. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the five-factor model was a poor fit for the ATR. While the ATR assesses an important construct, the inferences made from this measure may be less useful when studying graduate students' attitudes and how they may impact learning and training.
Mind tools contributing to an ICT-rich learning environment for technology education in primary schools

This paper examines how the learning environment in primary education can be enhanced by stimulating the use of innovative ICT applications. In particular, this discussion focuses on mind tools as a means of leveraging ICT for the development of cognitive skills. The stimulating effect of mind tools on the thinking skills and thinking attitudes of students is examined. The various types of mind tools and a number of specific examples are closely examined. We consider how mind tools can contribute to the establishment of an ICT-rich learning environment within the domain of technology education in primary schools. We illustrate two specific applications of such mind tools and discuss how these contribute to the development of thinking skills.
Estimating Market Power in a Two-Sided Market: The Case of Newspapers

The newspaper industry is a two-sided market: the readers market and the advertising market are closely linked by inter-market network externalities. We estimate market power in the Italian newspaper industry by building a structural model which encompasses a demand estimation for differentiated products on both sides of the market and where profit maximization by the publishing firms takes into account the interaction between them. The question that we address is whether the observed price pattern is consistent with profit-maximizing behaviour by competing firms or is instead driven by some form of (tacit or explicit) coordinated practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Sudden Stops to Fisherian Deflation: Quantitative Theory and Policy Implications

The 1990s Sudden Stops in emerging markets were a harbinger for the 2008 global financial crisis. During Sudden Stops, countries lost access to credit, causing abrupt current account reversals, and suffered Great Recessions. This paper reviews a class of models that yields quantitative predictions consistent with these observations, based on an occasionally binding credit constraint that limits debt to a fraction of the market value of incomes or assets used as collateral. Sudden Stops are infrequent events nested within regular business cycles, and occur in response to standard shocks after periods of expansion increase leverage ratios sufficiently. When this happens, the Fisherian debt-deflation mechanism is set in motion, as lower asset or goods prices tighten further the constraint causing further deflation. This framework also embodies a pecuniary externality with important implications for macro-prudential policy, because agents do not internalize how current borrowing decisions affect collateral values during future financial crises.
Prediction of small quadrotor blade induced noise

Noise predictions for a small quadrotor rotor in hover are performedusing high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis together with a Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FWH) solver. The aerodynamic performance for the DJI Phantom 3, both in quadrotor and isolated rotor configurations, is computed using CREATETM-AVHelios. The surface pressure distribution for the isolated rotor acts as input to the acoustic calculation, which is an implementation of the steady, farfield, terms in Farassat Formulation 1A. The predicted sound field agrees well with expected directivity patterns for thickness and loading acoustic pressure. The results are compared with experimental data and the computational methodology is shown to be robust.
Importance of Seed Reserves in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Formation and Growth of Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Abstract Seedling development and their survival in nutrient deficient soils depend on the seed reserves. Here, we attempted to understand the role of seed reserves on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) formation and development of neem (Azadirachta indica AJuss.) seedlings. The neem seedlings were grown with intact, partial and without seed reserves. Partial or total of seed reserves removal reduced seedling growth, tissue nutrient concentrations and AM formation. Further, excision of one or both cotyledons generally reduced chlorophyll, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents. However, cotyledon excision increased phosphate use efficiency (PUE) and phosphate efficiency index (PEI), except at 90 days. Specific absorption rate of nutrients was low initially in seedlings, without seed reserves; but was higher during the later stages of seedling growth. Seedlings with intact seed reserves had higher mycorrhizal colonization than seedlings with partial or no seed reserves which clearly indicates that the seed reserves are not only important for seedling development but are also essential for mycorrhizal formation.
�ocal �enetic �lgorithm �or the Identi�cation o� �ondition���eci�c

Transcription factor and microRNA are two types of key regulators of gene expression. eir regulatory mechanisms are highly complex. In this study, we propose a computational method to predict condition-speci�c regulatory modules that consist of microRNAs, transcription factors, and their commonly regulated genes. We used matched global expression pro�les of mRNAs and microRNAs together with the predicted targets of transcription factors and microRNAs to construct an underlying regulatory network. Our method searches for highly scored modules from the network based on a two-step heuristic method that combines genetic and local search algorithms. Using two matched expression datasets, we demonstrate that our method can identify highly scoredmodules with statistical signi�cance and biological relevance. e identi�ed regulatorymodules may provide useful insights on the mechanisms of transcription factors and microRNAs.
Issues Related to the Use of One-dimensional Ocean-diffusion Models for Determining Climate Sensitivity

While simple models of the Earth’s ocean can provide useful information about the sensitivity of the climate to increasing greenhouse gases, it is important to ensure that the models are based on realistic physical processes and are evaluated with an accurate numerical methodology. In this regard, a number of computational issues are identified and addressed to guide the development of simplified models. To illustrate these issues, we examine a previously published one-dimensional diffusion model. Treatment of the boundary conditions, advection, ocean depth, and thermal diffusivity are addressed. Questionable omission of 30% of the Earth’s surface and the application of a very local phenomenon as a global process is also discussed. It is shown that incorrect treatment of these issues can give non-physical results and lead to mistaken conclusions about the sensitivity of the Earth to rising greenhouse gas concentrations.
Phospho-regulation of Myosin Regulatory Light Chain in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos during cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is known as the final step in cell division during which the contents of one mother cell are partitioned into the two daughter cells. Although most of the proteins involved in cytokinesis are known and well conserved among organisms, cytokinesis is still poorly understood at the molecular level. Non-muscle myosin II (NMYII) is thought to be the molecular motor that drives constriction of the contractile ring during cytokinesis. In vitro experiments show that nonmuscle myosin II activity is regulated by phosphorylation of its regulatory light chain (MRLC) on the residues Threonine 17 Serine 18. NMII activation is required for it to become competent to interact with other NMII molecules and form bipolar filaments that allow for acto-myosin contractility. The contribution of MRLC phosphorylation to cytokinesis is however controversial. It seems to be crucial in Drosophila S2 cells but unnecessary in yeast and Dictyostelium. In this study, we intended to gain insight into the role of Threonine17 and Serine18 MRLC phosphorylation during cytokinesis using the Caenorhabditis elegans early embryo as experimental model. To do that, we generated C. elegans strains expressing wild-type, nonphosphorylatable (A17A18) or phosphomimetic (D17E18) MLC-4::GFP mutants, using the MosSCI technique. As transgenes were engineered to be RNA interference (RNAi) resistant, we were able to evaluate cytokinesis in 1-cell embryos expressing wild-type MLC-4::GFP or the mutated forms in the presence or absence of the endogenous protein. Analysis of contractile ring assembly and constriction have shown that wild-type MLC-4::GFP is able to perform as well as the endogenous MLC-4 during cytokinesis and rescues embryonic viability. In the presence of non-phosphorylatable MLC-4, cytokinesis does not happen. In contrast, in the presence of phosphomimetic MLC-4 cytokinesis is completed as when wild-type MLC-4 is expressed. Our results suggest that once NMII bipolar filaments become competent for contractility by MLC-4 phosphorylation on residues Threonine17 and Serine18, they remain in the active state throughout cytokinesis. Further understanding of this issue will have important implications for the understanding of the mechanics of the contractile ring and abscission, the last stage of cytokinesis.
Intratumoral Therapy I: Association of Immunotherapy with Permanent Long Term Cure of Metastatic Cancer

We have demonstrated in a randomized prospective study the superiority of intratumoral (intralesional) dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) compared to intratumoral (intralesional) bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the treatment of progressive metastatic melanoma. The metastatic melanoma was in the form of satellitosis and/or in-transit metastases. We now demonstrate the ability of intralesional DNCB to permanently cure a selected group of patients with the same clinical criteria, and describe their clinical characteristics and treatment regimens. The described cured patients were followed for their remaining lifetimes, for up to 30 years, after being immunotherapeutically rendered free of metastatic cancer. They were each female, between the ages of 51 and 56 when intratumoral treatments were begun. Treatment was for progressive cutaneous and subcutaneous metastatic disease in the leg in two cases and for rapidly spreading scalp and forehead metastases in another. In each case the disease was not surgically controllable. Treatments were continued for 6 to 26 months. Subsequently the patients survived tumor free for either 18 years, dying at age 83; or for 24 years, dying at age 89; or for 30 years, dying at age 97. There has been a significant interest in recent years in immunotherapy for advanced cancer. The absence of systemic toxicity in the cured patients reported herein provides a basis for consideration of combining intratumoral treatments with current effective but systemically more toxic immunotherapeutic approaches to some metastatic cancers. Intratumoral treatments may be particularly applicable in cases of uncontrollable melanoma with cutaneous metastases, without evidence of distant spread, as in the current report.