Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PATIENT-SPECIFIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE TO MODEL THE KINEMATICS OF THE SHOULDER IN TENNIS PLAYERS

Shoulder instability and impingement are common in tennis players. During tennis, several impingements could occur: subcoracoid and anterosuperior impingements at the follow-through phase of forehand and the backhand preparation phase; subacromial and postero-superior impingements at the cocking phase of serve. The precise causes for these impingements remain unclear, but it is believed that repetitive contact, glenohumeral instability may play a role. Impingement and glenohumeral instability at critical tennis positions have never been dynamically evaluated in-vivo. The purpose of this study was to develop a patient-specific measurement technique based on motion capture and MRI to accurately determine glenohumeral kinematics (rotations and translations). The second objective was to evaluate impingements and stability in tennis. Shoulder MR arthrography and motion capture were performed in 10 tennis players. Motion data were recorded during tennis movements. Glenohumeral kinematics was computed from the markers trajectories using a global optimisation algorithm with loose constraints on joint translations (accuracy: translational error ≈3mm, rotational error While simulating the shoulder joint, minimum humero-acromial, humero-coracoid and humero-glenoid distances were measured at critical tennis positions. Given the thickness of the potential impinged tissues, impingement was considered when the computed distance was 50%, corresponding to a loss of congruence superior to half the radius of the width (or height) of the glenoid. No subcoracoid impingement was detected. Antero-superior impingements were observed in two subjects (29%) during forehand. Anterior and lateral subacromial impingements occurred during the cocking phase of serve in three (29%) and four subjects (42%), respectively. Postero-superior impingements during the cocking phase of serve were the most frequent (7 subjects, 75%). In this position, glenohumeral translation was anterior (mean: 34%) and superior (mean: 13%). During the deceleration phase, anterior and superior translation varied between 8–57% and between 5–34%, respectively. During the finish phase, anterior translation was slightly more intense (mean: 44%), while superior translation remained low (mean: 1%). MRI revealed eleven rotator cuff lesions in five subjects, and six labral lesions in five subjects. Postero-superior impingement was frequent when serving. No instability could be noted. Tennis players presented frequent radiographic signs of structural lesions which seem to be mainly related to postero-superior impingement due to repetitive abnormal motion contacts. Our findings are consistent with this hypothesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that a dynamic and precise motion analysis of the shoulder is feasible using an external measurement system, such as motion capture.
CATEGORY FORCINGS, MM, AND GENERIC ABSOLUTENESS FOR THE THEORY OF STRONG FORCING AXIOMS

The main objective of this paper is to show that there is a natural recursive extension T of ZFC+ large cardinals which gives a complete theory of the Chang model L([Ord]≤א1) with respect to the unique efficient method to produce consistency results for this structure, i.e., stationary set preserving forcings. In particular we will show that a closed formula φ relativized to this Chang model is first order derivable in T if and only if it is provable in T that T + φ is forceable by a stationary set preserving forcing. In our eyes the results of this paper give a solid a posteriori explanation of the success forcing axioms have met in providing at least one consistent solution to many ZFC-provably undecidable problems. The paper can be divided into six sections: • An introduction (Section 1) shows how the above results stem out of Woodin’s work on Ω-logic and of Woodin’s absoluteness results for L(R) and for the Chang model L([Ord]א0). We also try to explain in what terms we can assert that the main result of this paper is an optimal extension to the Chang model L([Ord]≤א1) of Woodin’s absoluteness results for the Chang model L([Ord]א0). We also try to argue that the results of this paper give an a posteriori explanation of the success that forcing axioms has met in solving a variety of problems showing up in set theory as well as in many other fields of pure mathematics. • Section 2 presents some background material on stationary sets (Subsection 2.1), large cardinals (Subsection 2.2), posets and boolean completions (Subsection 2.3), stationary set preserving forcings (Subsection 2.4), forcing axioms (Subsection 2.5), and iterated forcing (Subsection 2.6) which will be needed in the remainder of the paper. • Section 3 introduces the notion of category forcings. We look at subcategories of the category of complete boolean algebras (CBAs) with complete homomorphisms. Given a category (Γ,Θ) (where Γ is the class of objects and Θ the class of arrows) we associate to it the partial order (U,≤Θ)
Strontium isotopes as an indicator of human migration – easy questions, difficult answers

Abstract Isotope analyses of bones and teeth allow us to study phenomena which occurred in the history of human species and which are difficult to capture by traditional anthropological methods. Measuring oxygen, nitrogen and carbon isotope levels in the skeleton makes it possible to reconstruct climatic changes, diet and/or the weaning process. Among isotopes used in such analyses are strontium isotopes, helpful in analysing migration and studying the mobility of historical and prehistoric human populations. In this respect, the proportion of two isotopes, the heavier 87Sr and the lighter 86Sr, is measured, following their extraction from the bioapatite of the bone mineral. Released from rocks in the weathering process, strontium permeates individual components of inanimate and animate environments, and then finds its way, together with food, to the human body. Thanks to comprehensive environmental studies and the measurement of the strontium ratio 87Sr/86Sr in various animal tissues it is possible to determine the local isotope background for the environment. Values obtained by analysing human skeletons referenced against the range of environmental isotope variability enable researchers to trace back the location inhabited by the individual or group.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Chromospheric emission, accretion properties, and rotation in γ Velorum and Chamaeleon I

One of the goals of the Gaia-ESO Survey (GES), which is conducted with FLAMES at the VLT, is the census and the characterization of the low-mass members of very young clusters and associations. We conduct a comparative study of the main properties of the sources belonging to gamma Velorum (gamma Vel) and Chamaeleon I (Cha I) young associations, focusing on their rotation, chromospheric radiative losses, and accretion. Methods. We used the fundamental parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, lithium abundance, and radial velocity) delivered by the GES consortium in the first internal data release to select the members of gamma Vel and Cha I among the UVES and GIRAFFE spectroscopic observations. A total of 140 gamma Vel members and 74 Cha I members were studied. The procedure adopted by the GES to derive stellar fundamental parameters also provided measures of the projected rotational velocity (v sin i). We calculated stellar luminosities through spectral energy distributions, while stellar masses were derived by comparison with evolutionary tracks. The spectral subtraction of low-activity and slowly rotating templates, which are rotationally broadened to match the v sin i of the targets, enabled us to measure the equivalent widths (EWs) and the fluxes in the H alpha and H beta lines. The Ha line was also used for identifying accreting objects, on the basis of its EW and the width at the 10% of the line peak (10% W), and for evaluating the mass accretion rate ((M)over dot(acc)). Results. The distribution of v sin i for the members of. Vel displays a peak at about 10 km s(-1) with a tail toward faster rotators. There is also some indication of a different v sin i distribution for the members of its two kinematical populations. Most of these stars have Ha fluxes corresponding to a saturated activity regime. We find a similar distribution, but with a narrower peak, for Cha I. Only a handful of stars in gamma Vel display signatures of accretion, while many more accretors were detected in the younger Cha I, where the highest Ha fluxes are mostly due to accretion, rather than to chromospheric activity. Accreting and active stars occupy two different regions in a T-eff-flux diagram and we propose a criterion for distinguishing them. We derive (M)over dot(acc) in the ranges 10(-11)-10(-9) M-circle dot yr(-1) and 10(-10)-10(-7) M-circle dot yr(-1) for gamma Vel and Cha I accretors, respectively. We find less scatter in the (M)over dot(acc)-M-star relation derived through the H alpha EWs, when compared to the Ha 10% W diagnostics, in agreement with other authors.
A high frequency boundary element method for scattering by penetrable convex polygons

We present a novel hybrid numerical-asymptotic boundary element method for transmission problems describing high frequency acoustic and electromagnetic scattering by penetrable (dielectric) convex polygons. We demonstrate by means of a range of numerical experiments that our boundary element method can achieve a fixed accuracy of approximation using only a relatively small, frequency-independent number of degrees of freedom. Our numerical approximation space, which can be applied in the context of any direct boundary integral equation formulation, approximates the unknown boundary solution as a sum of the classical geometrical optics approximation, computed by a beam tracing algorithm, plus a contribution due to diffraction, computed by a boundary element method using oscillatory basis functions chosen to efficiently capture the high frequency behaviour. For the scattering scenarios we consider, we show that the inclusion of the diffraction term provides an order of magnitude improvement in accuracy over the geometrical optics approximation alone.
Global consequences of afforestation and bioenergy cultivation on ecosystem service indicators

Abstract. Land management for carbon storage is discussed as being indispensable for climate change mitigation because of its large potential to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and to avoid further emissions from deforestation. However, the acceptance and feasibility of land-based mitigation projects depends on potential side effects on other important ecosystem functions and their services. Here, we use projections of future land use and land cover for different land-based mitigation options from two land-use models (IMAGE and MAgPIE) and evaluate their effects with a global dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS). In the land-use models, carbon removal was achieved either via growth of bioenergy crops combined with carbon capture and storage, via avoided deforestation and afforestation, or via a combination of both. We compare these scenarios to a reference scenario without land-based mitigation and analyse the LPJ-GUESS simulations with the aim of assessing synergies and trade-offs across a range of ecosystem service indicators: carbon storage, surface albedo, evapotranspiration, water runoff, crop production, nitrogen loss, and emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds. In our mitigation simulations cumulative carbon storage by year 2099 ranged between 55 and 89 GtC. Other ecosystem service indicators were influenced heterogeneously both positively and negatively, with large variability across regions and land-use scenarios. Avoided deforestation and afforestation led to an increase in evapotranspiration and enhanced emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, and to a decrease in albedo, runoff, and nitrogen loss. Crop production could also decrease in the afforestation scenarios as a result of reduced crop area, especially for MAgPIE land-use patterns, if assumed increases in crop yields cannot be realized. Bioenergy-based climate change mitigation was projected to affect less area globally than in the forest expansion scenarios, and resulted in less pronounced changes in most ecosystem service indicators than forest-based mitigation, but included a possible decrease in nitrogen loss, crop production, and biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions.
Potential and Limitations of Space-Based Methods for the Retrieval of Surface UV-B Daily Doses: A Numerical Study

[1] For a typical space-borne algorithm for the estimation of surface UV-B daily doses, the implications of a limited temporal sampling of cloud properties and of the neglect of three-dimensional radiative effects are addressed. By means of six synthetic diurnal cloud cycles, different temporal samplings of cloud properties have been investigated, while surface and atmospheric properties have been kept constant. The results have been compared with benchmark calculations of the daily doses using a 15 min time step. The neglect of the horizontal photon transport imposes limitations to the estimation of daily doses since it leads to statistical uncertainties up to 25% and biases ranging from 3% to 9%. Additionally, when a reduced temporal sampling is used, maximum uncertainties increase up to 85% when probing the cloud field only every 4 hours. Even in this case, however, 25–40% of the daily doses in the model domain have an accuracy between −20% and +20%. The time around noon turns out to be of crucial importance for a precise estimation of UV daily doses. Therefore usually a limited number of cloud probes around noon is particularly efficient, although in case of high temporal and spatial cloud variability throughout the day three cloud probes can still be too few to prevent the occurrence of large (>80%) deviations. Finally, by spatial averaging, a large improvement of the agreement between reference values and daily doses computed with a given time sampling can be achieved.
Using GIS to Measure the Impact of Distance to Cell Phone Towers on House Prices in Florida

The siting of cellular phone transmitting antennas, their base stations and the towers that support them (towers) is a public concern due to fears of potential health hazards from the electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that these devices emit. Negative media attention to the potential health hazards has only fuelled the perception of uncertainty over the health effects. The unsightliness of these structures and fear of lowered property values are other regularly voiced concerns about the siting of these towers. However, the extent to which such attitudes are reflected in lower property values affected by tower proximity is controversial. This paper outlines the results of a study carried out in Florida in 2004 to show the effect that tower proximity has on residential property prices. The study involved an analysis of residential property sales transaction data. Both GIS and multiple regression analysis in a hedonic framework were used to determine the effect of actual distance of homes to towers on residential property prices. The results of the research show that prices of properties decreased by just over 2%, on average, after a tower was built. This effect generally reduced with distance from the tower and was almost negligible after about 200 meters (656 feet).
A Prospective Evaluation of Speech Distortion among Patients Wearing Hawley Retainer Using Acoustics Approach

1.1. Background: Orthodontic retainers constrict the oral cavity’s dimension and restrict tongue movement during articulation, resulting in distortions of various sounds. Speech impairment is among the main reason for poor patient compliance in wearing the retainers which leads to treatment relapse. 1.2. Objectives: To determine and describe the changes of the distorted sounds in patients wearing upper and lower Hawley retainer. 1.3. Materials and methods: Sixteen orthodontic patients who were at the end of fixed appliance phase were included as subjects in this study. They were all speakers of native Malay, aged between 15 to 31 years old. The sound sample of selected phonemes with /t/, /d/, /k/ and /n/ consonant were recorded from the subjects before wearing (T0), immediately after wearing retainers (T1), and at 1 week (T2), 2 weeks (T3), 1 month (T4), 2 months (T5) and 3 months (T6) of wearing the retainers. Based on the recordings, acoustic analysis was performed objectively on each subject to determine the duration value of selected phonemes at each interval. 1.4. Results: All phonemes tested showed significant speech distortion (p 0.008). Conclusions: A marked distortion of /t/, /d/, /k/ and /n/ consonant sounds were observed in patients during the initial wearing of Hawley retainer. Patient needs to be well informed of the changes and encouraged for constant wearing. With good cooperation, speech will be adapted to normal pattern within 3 months.
Executive Function Across Syndromes Associated with Intellectual Disabilities: A Developmental Perspective

Executive function (EF) is a general construct used to represent brain functions related to the conscious control of thought and action. This chapter reviews literature that supports the notion of a componential view of EF, as some disorders were associated with developmentally appropriate performance on some areas of EF, but not others. For example, individuals with Down syndrome were as able as developmentally matched peers in areas related to working memory and inhibition, but were clearly impaired in their abilities to switch flexibly between mental sets. This sparing of certain areas (in relation to developmental level) is inconsistent with the notion of a unitary view, which would imply that difficulty in one area of EF would mean difficulty in all areas of EF. Although the findings reviewed here still leave open the question of whether some combination of unitary and componential views is correct, the chapter provides evidence to suggest that a purely unitary view is unlikely.
FUNCTIONAL SPACES AND FUNCTIONAL COMPLETION

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Design of Wearable Patch Antenna for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area networks are being widely used due to the increase in the use of wireless networks and various electrical devices. A Wearable Patch antenna is used for enhancement of various applications for WBAN. In this paper, a low profile wearable microstrip patch antenna is designed and suggested for constant observation of human vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse rate and body temperature using wireless body area network (WBAN) technology. The operating frequency of the antenna is taken as 2.45 GHz which lies in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band. Polyester textile fabric with a relative permittivity of 1.44 and thickness of 2.85 mm is used as a substrate material. The proposed antenna is designed to achieve better return loss, VSWR, gain and low value of specific absorption rate (SAR) as compare to other existing wearable antenna. The achieved antenna return loss at 2.45 GHz is about -10.52 dB and gain of 7.81 dB. The VSWR value achieved at 2.45 GHz is 1.84, which is good in terms of good impedance matching. Other antenna field parameters like 2D and 3D gain, radiation pattern, and SAR value have been calculated. High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is used to design and simulate the proposed antenna.
Effects of the humic acid extracted from vermicompost on the germination and initial growth of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5

The biological effects of humic substances on vegetables depend on the source of extraction and the concentration used, on the vegetable species and on the age of the plant. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different humic acid (HA) doses extracted from vermicompost on the germination and initial growth of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5. To that end, germination tests were conducted in germination agents, as well as emergence test in greenhouse and seedlings growth test for those agents. For all these tests, five doses of HA [0.0; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 e 8.0 mM C.L-1] were used, with and without reapplying HA. The following characteristics were analyzed: percentage of germination, percentage of normal seedlings in the first counting of the germination test, percentage of abnormal seedlings, percentage of non-germinated seedlings, percentage of emergence, emergence speed rates, fresh and dry matter of the upper and roots part, length of the upper and roots part and number of lateral roots. Positive effect of HA reapplication in the percentage of abnormal seedlings was observed. With increasing doses of HA, there was a reduction in the percentage of germination and normal seedlings in the first count. The application of HA promoted increase in shoot length and number of lateral root. There was no significant difference in the length of the root. Humus acid affects positively the initial growth of B. brizantha cv. MG5, with the best stimulation being observed when the 2.0 mM C.L-1 dose was applied. Key words: Forage, Urochloa sp. , vigor.
Biochemical and trace elements composition of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivated in Panjgur and Kech districts of Balochistan

Legumes have a very important place in human food. Historically they have been grown since antiquity. Due to high nutritive value they are recommended in daily intake diet. The present study was conducted to determine the biochemical profile and assessment of trace elements in faba beans (Vicia faba L.) from two districts of Balochistan. Biochemical studies indicated that they have different moisture content (7.5 % and 9.5 %), ash content (3.7 % and 3.8 %), fat content (2.07 % and 1.73 %) and protein content (21.62 % and 22.44 %) for samples collected from both locations Panjgur and Kech districts. Trace elements analysis showed the concentration of manganese (Mn) 0.127 and 0.129 μg/g, zinc (Zn) 1.132 and 0.951 μg/g, copper (Cu) 0.57 and 0.60 μg/g, Iron (Fe) 0.07 and 0.09 μg/g respectively, in samples from both districts. The concentration of chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) were not detected in samples from Panjgur district, whereas, their concentrations in samples from Kech district were found 0.01 μg/g. The study concludes that the faba beans grown in Balochistan have high nutritive value and low trace metallic content profile which makes it fit for food and feed. Moreover, a significant correlation was found by comparing obtained profiles of faba beans from both districts. The study suggests that faba beans genotypic evaluation and soil analysis is required for better crop production.
Usability studies of faceted browsing: A literature review

Faceted browsing is a common feature of new library catalog interfaces. But to what extent does it improve user performance in searching within today’s library catalog systems? This article reviews the literature for user studies involving faceted browsing and user studies of “next-generation” library catalogs that incorporate faceted browsing. Both the results and the methods of these studies are analyzed by asking, What do we currently know about faceted browsing? How can we design better studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs? The article proposes methodological considerations for practicing librarians and provides examples of goals, tasks, and measurements for user studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs.