Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrographical variability on the French continental shelf in the Bay of Biscay , during the 1990 s

A synthesis of 9 years of hydrographic measurements, acquired during approximately 25 cruises (1992–2000) on the French continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay, is presented. The main focus is upon salinity distribution, as it is little known in this area. The whole of the data set covers 11 months of the year, with some sampling fields repeated several times a year, for multiple years. This timeseries allows temperature and salinity distributions to be studied together with their seasonal, interannual and mesoscale variability. The seasonal trend in temperature can be described in three stages, which are in agreement with past studies. Thermal stratification occurs between May and mid-September in a layer not, vert, similar50 m in thickness, whereas the water column remains homogenous from January to the beginning of April. The mid-September–December period corresponds to the progressive destruction of the thermocline. In contrast, the salinity distribution displays two main seasonal patterns. From March to June, the haline stratification is strong; this is in response to high river runoff and relatively low vertical mixing. In autumn, stratification decreases because of low river discharge and wind-induced vertical mixing. Surface salinity increases by up to 1 psu inshore of the 100-m isobath, from spring to end of summer. The salinity gradient runs cross-shore in spring and along-shore in summer: this is due to the mean wind direction during the previous 6 months (SW from September to March, NW from March to September). Nevertheless, this seasonal signal could be biased by the high inter-annual variability. Indeed, the monthly extent of low surface salinity (S<35) varied between years, this is driven by river runoff over the previous 3–6 months and short-term wind events (not, vert, similar10 days), particularly when they are upwelling-favourable. Forcing at these time-scales are responsible also for mesoscale structures, such as lower salinity lenses and wind-induced coastal upwelling off Southern Brittany. In the deeper layers the inter-annual variability of a denser water structure named (the "Cold Pool") is also investigated. Consequently, the inter-annual, seasonal and mesoscale variability in salinity patterns are caused by (i) river runoff from the Loire and Gironde, that reduces surface salinity locally; and (ii) the wind that influences the location of low salinity water masses. Mesoscale structures and the observed links between inter-annual and seasonal variability, raise problems in relation to the interpretation of in situ data, making it impossible to establish the actual mean distribution. There is a pressing need within the Bay of Biscay, for sampling at higher spatial and temporal resolution.
The morphological transformation of red sequence galaxies in clusters since z ∼ 1

The study of galaxy morphology is fundamental to understand the physical processes driving the structural evolution of galaxies. It has long been known that dense environments host high fractions of early-type galaxies and low fractions of late-type galaxies, indicating that the environment affects the structural evolution of galaxies. In this paper we present an analysis of the morphological composition of red sequence galaxies in a sample of 9 galaxy clusters at $0.8<z<1.5$ drawn from the HAWK-I cluster survey (HCS), with the aim of investigating the evolutionary paths of galaxies with different morphologies. We classify galaxies according to their apparent bulge-to-total light ratio and compare with red sequence galaxies from the lower-redshift WINGS and EDisCS surveys. We find that, while the HCS red sequence is dominated by elliptical galaxies at all luminosities and stellar masses, the WINGS red sequence is dominated by elliptical galaxies only at its bright end ($M_V<-21.0$ mag), while S0s become the most frequent class at fainter luminosities. Disc-dominated galaxies comprise 10-14\% of the red sequence population in the low (WINGS) and high (HCS) redshift samples, although their fraction increases up to 40\% at $0.4 < z < 0.8$ (EDisCS). We find a 20\% increase in the fraction of S0 galaxies from $z \sim 1.5$ to $z \sim 0.05$ on the red sequence. These results suggest that elliptical and S0 galaxies follow different evolutionary histories and, in particular, that S0 galaxies result, at least at intermediate luminosities ($-22.0 < M_V < -20.0$), from the morphological transformation of quiescent spiral galaxies.
The interactive effects of avoidance coping and dysphoric mood on problem gambling for female and male gamblers

A study involving 83 female and 72 male gamblers tested the direct and interactional effects of avoidance coping and five dysphoric moods on problem gambling via regression analysis. Important differences were found between female and male gamblers. For female gamblers, loneliness, boredom, anxiety, depression and avoidance coping were all positively related to problem gambling. Additionally, interactions between these mood states and avoidance coping significantly predicted problem gambling; female gamblers with high dysphoria and high avoidance coping showed substantially more symptoms of problem gambling than those scoring high on only one variable. In contrast, loneliness and stress were the only significant predictors of problem gambling for males - neither avoidance coping nor any of the interactional relationships between mood and coping predicted problem gambling. These results support previous qualitative studies and suggest that female problem gamblers gamble as an escape from dysphoric moods. Even though male problem gamblers expressed more negative affect than male non-problem gamblers, there was no evidence to suggest that negative mood was a precursor rather than an outcome of gambling behaviour.
FATIGUE-RELATED ASYMMETRY AND INSTABILITY DURING A 3200-M TIME-TRIAL PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHY RUNNERS

The purpose of this study was to examine fatigue effects on symmetry and stability during a maximal effort running time-trial m). Recreational runners had continuous recordings of 3D trunk acceleration parameters (spatio-temporal, RMS vector ratio, step symmetry, and stride regularity) during the lT. Statistical analysis was carried out using generalised estimating equations (GEE) to investigate longitudinal changes (laps two to eight) compared to baseline (lap one), while statistically adjusting for running speed. Runners had significantly longer contact times (4m lap onwards), higher mediolateral root mean square (RMS) ratio (3d lap onwards), lower vertical symmetry and vertical RMS ratio (final lap). Coaches could use these results to recognize, minimize, and delay fatigue related onset of asymmetries and instabilities possibly through training strategies.
The Overreaction Hypothesis: The Case of Ukrainian Stock Market

This paper examines the short-term price reactions after one-day abnormal price changes on the Ukrainian stock market. The original method of abnormal returns calculation is examined. We find significant evidence of overreactions using the daily data over the period 2008-2012. Our analysis confirms the hypothesis that after an abnormal price movement the size of contrarian price movement is usually higher then after normal (typical) daily fluctuation. Comparing Ukrainian data with the figures from US stock market it is concluded that the Ukrainian stock market is less efficient which gives rise to opportunities for extra profits obtained from trading based on contrarian strategies. Based on results of the research we also recommend some rules of trading on short-term market overreactions.
Preparation of fire-resistant poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) foams using supercritical CO2 technology

This work deals with the preparation and characterization of fire-resistant poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) foams containing (organo)clays and/or melamine polyphosphate (MPP) as fire retardants using supercritical CO2 as the foaming agent. The additives dispersion was first characterized with X-ray and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Their presence clearly affected the cellular morphology, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat evolved (THE) were determined with a cone calorimetry test, performed on each foamed sample as a function of the foam density. Incorporation of clay (3 and 5 wt%) in the exfoliated state into the SAN foam clearly led to a significant decrease of PHRR, while intercalated and aggregated clay had a lower effect. Similar results were obtained with 10 and 20 wt% of MPP. The best results were obtained when exfoliated clay and MPP were combined, with a PHRR drop as large as 75%, thanks to the synergistic action of both additives. The magnitude of PHRR drop, related to the fire resistance, was found to be in direct relationship with the cohesiveness of the protective carbonaceous layer formed at the sample surface during combustion. Clay and MPP, when added together, are thus believed to favour the formation of a highly cohesive protective layer able to act as an efficient shield against the flame, despite the fact that the sample is originally composed of ∼90% of voids.
Conditioned Lyapunov exponents for random dynamical systems

We introduce the notion of Lyapunov exponents for random dynamical systems, conditioned to trajectories that stay within a bounded domain for asymptotically long times. This is motivated by the desire to characterize local dynamical properties in the presence of unbounded noise (when almost all trajectories are unbounded). We illustrate its use in the analysis of local bifurcations in this context. The theory of conditioned Lyapunov exponents of stochastic differential equations builds on the stochastic analysis of quasi-stationary distributions for killed processes and associated quasi-ergodic distributions. We show that conditioned Lyapunov exponents describe the local stability behaviour of trajectories that remain within a bounded domain and - in particular - that negative conditioned Lyapunov exponents imply local synchronisation. Furthermore, a conditioned dichotomy spectrum is introduced and its main characteristics are established.
Severity Index of Environmental Factors Associated with Building Construction Process.

Environmental impact assessment of construction projects is demanded by government of developed nations where the construction industry is regulated. This is however not the case in developing nations where the industry is not regulated. In this research, types and the degree of severity of environmental factors associated with building construction projects in Lagos state of Nigeria was examined. Twenty -eight on-going building projects scattered between Lagos Island and the mainland were randomly selected from each cluster using proportional allocation. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey administered on 3 senior management staff and 7 artisans at each site. The study established raw material consumption and transportation as the most always occurring, most severe construction activity constituting environmental hazard and having the highest impact level on the environment. It was concluded that on-site construction activities have significant impact on the environment across the broad spectrum of, natural resource, ecosystem and public health.
ASSEMBLAGE OF CHIROPTERANS IN A REMNANT OF SEMIDECIDUOUS SEASONAL FOREST IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL AND LATITUDINAL PATTERNS OF SPECIES DIVERSITY IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST

Observed and expected richness, capture success, diversity, dominance, evenness and the effect of latitude on the above variables at the regional level were evaluated with regard to the chiropteran fauna of a semideciduous seasonal forest remnant in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Sampling occurred between July 2008 and June 2010 using mist nets erected at ground level. So that chiropteran fauna could be described and compared to other studies in the Atlantic Rainforest throughout the 10°-30°S using multivariate regression. One hundred and sixteen specimens were captured, comprising 9 species and 3 families: Phyllostomi- dae, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae. Capture success was 0.0008 ind/m²h, with a diversity index (H') of 1.623; dominance (BP) of 0.4783; evenness (J') of 0.7385, and expected richness of 11 species. Sturnira lilium had the highest capture rate. There was a significant relationship between latitude and capture success and richness (CS: R²=0.64, p=0.0005; S: R² = 0.28, p=0.0473). Distribution and abundance of bats at the regional scale was related to latitude as well as the differentiation of assemblages in the Atlantic Rainforest.
Study of pulmonary function test in asymptomatic smokers and non-smokers between 30-50 years of age in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Tobacco smoking is widely prevalent all over the world and it continues to rise in developing countries. Smoking has a deleterious effect on pulmonary functions. Smoking is the single most significant risk factor contributing to the development of Chronic obstructive airway diseases (COPD). Spirometry by a trained health professional gives an indication of lung health by measuring airway abnormality. Objectives were to study pulmonary function test (PFT) in smokers and non-smokers between 30-50 years and to study the correlation of PFT with pack years. Methods: Apparently healthy subjects, 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers between 30-50 years without any symptoms were included as subjects. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, recent myocardial infarction and pulmonary TB were excluded. Ex-smokers were excluded from the study. Patients with acute respiratory illness, severe systemic illness, chest trauma and dementia were also excluded. After proper history taking and clinical examination, measuring height and weight (vitals, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure) the selected individual was subjected to spirometry using ATS criteria (American Thoracic Society criteria). Spirometry was performed using UNI-EM spirometer. Collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Service (SPSS) software version 17. Results: In this study 94 males and 6 females were enrolled as subjects. Maximum number of the patient 49 cases (49%) presented in the age group of 30-35 years, followed by 23 cases (23%) in 36-40 years age group. Of these 49 cases,15 were smokers while the rest 34 were non-smokers (P=0.0007). In 100 cases studied, 39% showed normal PFT and 61% shows abnormal PFT. Among smokers (out of total 50 cases) pulmonary function test (PFT) was abnormal in 36 cases (72%) while in non-smokers, 25 (50%) had abnormal PFT (P-value-0.024). This data indicates that smoking is highly associated with an abnormal PFT pattern. Out of 100 cases both smokers and non-smokers, 11 (73.33%) underweight cases with (BMI 15 (P-value 0.383). Conclusions: Smoking is common in males between 30-35 years age group. Smoking is highly associated with an abnormal PFT. Cessation of smoking should be encouraged and PFTs from time to time in asymptomatic adults both smokers and non-smokers will be useful for early identification of abnormalities.
Computational methods for analyzing complex high-throughput data from cancers

Cancers are a heterogeneous group of diseases that cause 7.6 million deaths yearly worldwide. At the cellular level, cancer is characterized by increased proliferation and invasion of tissue. These phenotypes are caused by environmental or inherited factors that increase the mutability of the genome, leading to dysregulation of a number of cellular processes. Identifying the genotypic changes and their phenotypic consequences is key to accurate diagnosis and prognosis, as well as improved treatment regimens. Cancer cells can be investigated at a genome-wide scale using high-throughput measurement techniques such as DNA sequencing and microarrays. These rapidly evolving technologies provide experimental data that have two challenging characteristics: the volume of data is large and data are structurally complex. These data need to be analyzed in an accurate and scalable manner to arrive at biomedically relevant conclusions. I have developed three computational methods for analyzing high-throughput genomic data, and applied the methods to experimental data from three cancers. The first computational method is an extensible workflow framework, Anduril, for organizing the overall software structure of an analysis in a scalable manner. The second method, SPINLONG, is a flexible algorithm for analyzing chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) data from complex experimental designs, such as time series measurements of multiple markers. The third method, GROK, is used for preprocessing deep sequencing data. Its design is based on a mathematical formalism that provides a succinct language for these operations. The experimental part studies gene regulation and expression in glioblastoma multiforme, and breast and prostate cancer. The results demonstrate the applicability of the developed methods to cancer research and provide insights into the dysregulation of gene expression in cancer. All three studies use both cell line and clinical material to connect the molecular and disease outcome aspects of cancer. These experiments yield results at two conceptual levels. At the holistic level, lists of significant genes or genomic regions provide a genome-wide view into genomic alterations in cancer. At the specific level, we focus on one or a few central genes, which are experimentally validated, to provide an accessible starting point for understanding the results. Together, the thesis focuses on understanding the complexity of cancer and managing the complexity of genome-wide data.
Bioaccumulation of nickel by five wild plant species on nickel-contaminated soil

A number of plant species have adapted well in the soil conditions of the mining area and were capable to accumulate nickel in the aerial part of plants. The differences of tolerance and bioaccumulation on Ni contaminated soil on five plant species obtained from Ni post-mining land were in vestigated in pot experiment. The results showed that Sarcotheca celebica had a high tolerance (root tolerance index of 128.45% and shoot tolerance index of 219.78%) and its capability to accumulate Ni in shoot (Translocation Factor value 8.67) was higher than that in the root. Tephrosia sp. , Mimosa pigra and Celtis occidentalis were tolerance species that accumulated more Ni in the roots than in the shoots. Melastoma malabathricum was able to accumulate Ni the shoot in limited quantities.
Ethanolic Fermentation Efficiency of Seaweed Solid Waste Hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The objective of this research was to determine the saccharification and the fermentation efficiency of seaweed solid waste hydrolysate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Accession number 3012.254) in anaerobic condition. The optimum saccharification yield of acid pretreated waste (40.93±1.72)% was obtained after 48 hours with saccharification rate of (0.51±0.02) g/l.h. Higher yield was shown by NaOH pretreated waste (67.29±1.24)% after 24 hours with saccharification rate of (0.81±0.06) g/l.h. The fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates of acid and alkali pretreated samples by S. cerevisiae produced a maximum of 7.52±0.24 g/l and 14.5±0.54 g/l ethanol respectively after 72 hours fermentation. Maximum ethanol yield was 0.31±0.03 g/g and 0.40±0.02 g/g sugar respectively for acid and alkali pretreated samples. The ethanol yields showed that alkali pretreated sample produces higher conversion substrate ratio (80% of theoretical yield) compared to acid pretreated sample (62% of theoretical yield).
Economic Valuation of Soil Nutrients from the Mangrove Rich Wetlands of Kannur District

The ecological functions or processes ascribed to Mangroves are found at the global, ecosystem and population levels. The property of nutrient retention was given special stress to the present study, because soils are the physical foundation of every ecosystem. Soil is a key factor in regulating elementary cycles. The inorganic Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium are the most significant nutrients, which get deposited in the Mangrove system and in turn are recycled and dissipated to the Mangrove system and in turn are recycled and dissipated to the adjacent areas. In this paper an attempt was made to estimate the contribution made by the Mangrove rich wetlands of Kannur District in nutrient retention. The study area was stratified as Mangrove and Non Mangrove areas. The soil samples were tested for organic carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium etc by using various standard soil testing procedures. For the economic valuation the Productivity Method was used. The total amount of nutrients was found to be greater in Mangrove area than Non Mangrove areas. The Potassium and Phosphorous shows significant difference, derived by statistical methods. No significant difference was noted in the pH and electrical conductivity. The value of all nutrients present in Mangrove and Non Mangrove were estimated by multiplying the amount of available nutrient by the market price. The amount of nutrients (N, P, K ) per hectare of Mangrove was found to be Rs-1.309/Kg, Rs-162.8/Kg and Rs-2940/Kg. There was approximately 755 hectare of Mangrove forest in Kannur. For the total area of Mangroves the N+P+K was 2343617.3 Kg. The extra nutrient in Mangrove alone was 1774963.8 Kg. The result reveals the nutrient retention capacity of Mangrove soil and the need of its conservation and management for a sustainable future.
The Factors Affecting Business Cycle Volatility Based on Financial Market Size and Country Size Multiple-factor Analysis

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between business cycle volatility and country size and financial markets size within certain countries, using annual data for a sample of some typical countries having advanced financial market and those of China over 2000-2015. Then analyze the significance level of explaining variables and the type of effect. The main result reflects that for OECD countries, the impacts of population and stock market are all highest level significant and most keep stable after authors filter out the fluctuations, but for China population is a stable significant factor, while the influences of stock market depend on the data processing method and even the plus-minus and the significance of the regression coefficient can change due to the filter process and authors will elaborate the inner economic principles it reveals.
THE GREENSBURG, KANSAS TORNADIC STORM: A STORM OF EXTREMES

On the late afternoon and evening of 4-5 May 2007 the atmosphere over southwest Kansas was not only favorable for severe convection but it manifested those conditions with explosive force. Many superlatives can be applied to this remarkable storm. We examine in some detail a few of the characteristics of one storm, the Greensburg, KS storm that was extreme in many ways. The storm produced more than 22 tornadoes over an 8-hour period. Four of these tornadoes, the “big four”, were long track and especially wide and destructive (Fig. 1, Table 1). We have obtained and used videos made by storm chasers in the abundant light provided by very frequent lightning, that has revealed some of these many tornadoes. In fact, both radar and these videos have revealed frequent multiple and coexisting tornadoes. Radar data reveals that the entire complex of storms of which Greensburg was a part, is rotating about a common center.