Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel 96-microwell-based high-throughput spectrophotometric assay for pharmaceutical quality control of crizotinib, a novel potent drug for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

This study describes the development and validation of a novel 96-microwell-based high throughput spectrophotometric assay for pharmaceutical quality control of crizotinib (CZT), a novel drug for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. We examined the reaction between CZT and 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate, a chromogenic reagent. A red-colored product showing a maximum absorption peak (λmax) at 490 nm was produced in an alkaline medium (pH 9). We examined stoichiometry of the reaction and postulated the reaction mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe a color-developing reaction for the proposed assay. The reaction was performed in a 96-microwell plate, and the absorbance of the colored product was measured using an absorbance reader at 490 nm. Under optimized reaction conditions, Beer's law, which shows a correlation between absorbance and CZT concentration, was obeyed in the range of 4-50 µg/well with an appropriate correlation coefficient (0.999). The limits of detection and quantification were 1.73 and 5.23 µg/well, respectively. The assay showed high precision and accuracy. The proposed assay was applied successfully for the determination of CZT in capsules. Thus, the assay proposed in this study is practical and valuable for routine application in pharmaceutical quality control laboratories.
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of the Therapies Used in the Treatment of Smoking in a Specialized Unit

Objective: Cost-effectiveness analysis of the major tobacco control tools medium long term. Method: This is a retrospective, descriptive study of the results obtained after analyzing the sample of all patients who attended the Unit Specialized Treatment Smoking during two years. Without drug treatment: the costs and effectiveness of the four options used in our Unit for smoking cessation compared: 1) Bupropion+ NRT, 2) Varenicline, 3) Varenicline and NRT and 4) No pharmacology treatment. Costs and efficiency: Efficiencies rates for comparison are the result of our study for the 4 options. All costs are expressed in euros, both costs and an effect beyond the first year rate of 3.5% per annum is deducted. Results: Of the 559 patients, 32.7% received no treatment. 34.5% (n=194) of patients was treated with NRT (gum, patches or in combination with varenicline). Varenicline is the second most frequently used drug with 22.9% and, finally, bupropion (9.8%). The analysis results show that the greater efficacy of varenicline is a better cost/effectiveness (C/E) in the treatment of smoking medium to long term that comes to fully offset the higher cost of treatment compared to the other options. So both varenicline monotherapy as associated with TSN have average costs of € 2.491,21 and € 2.432,22 per patient who quit smoking compared to the other options with Bupropion and TSN 4.136,55 € or drug treatment to 5.783,88 € in a perspective of two years. Conclusion: The option of giving Varenicline is a better cost/effectiveness (C/E) in the treatment of smoking-half longer than the other options.
Estimating NAIRU in Small Open Economies: Models with Adaptiveand Rational Expectations

Tento přispěvek odhaduje NAIRU a mezeru výstupu v dvou malých otevřených ekonomikach (Ceska republika a Nový Zeland) Bayesovským přistupem. Odhady těchto nepozorovaných stavů jsou realizovany pomoci dvou modelů: jednoducheho hysterezniho modelu s adaptivnimi ocekavanimi a dynamickeho (nehysterezeniho) modelu s racionalnimi ocekavanimi. Hysterezni model předpoklada znamý "law of motion" rovnovažne urovně nezaměstnanosti. Výsledky ukazuji, že hystereze je významným fenomenem v ceske ekonomice. Podobne trajektorie NAIRU jsou odhadnuty v ramci obou modelů. Na druhe straně, efektivni a věrohodna monetarni politika s inflacnim cilenim může způsobit chybnou indikaci hystereze, jak ukazuji výsledky pro novozelandskou ekonomiku. V tomto připadě je odhadnuta trajektorie NAIRU je velmi citliva na specifikaci a priornich parametrů. Odhadli jsme tři trajektorie, ktere jsou postupně v souladu s hypotezou o přirozene miře nezaměstnanosti (rovnovažna nezaměstnanosti je konstantni v case), s hypotezou hystereze (rovnovažna nezaměstnanosti sleduje trajektorii aktualni nezaměstnanosti) a s teorii NAIRU (v case proměnna rovnovažna uroveň nezaměstnanosti). Bayesovska analýza nam umožnila rozhodnout, ktera z trajektorii je nejvěrohodnějsi. To snižuje nejistotu týkajici vztahujici se kodhadům NAIRU. Přispěvek uzavira konstatovani, že větsina poklesu nezaměstnanosti na Novem Zelandu je způsobena strukturalnimi faktory, v porovnani s ceskou zkusenosti, kde za poklesem nezaměstnanosti poslednich let je možno vidět hysterezni mechanismus.
SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF HOT, HYDROGEN-RICH WHITE DWARFS: THE PRESENCE OF METALS AND THE BALMER-LINE PROBLEM

We present an analysis of optical spectra for 29 DAO white dwarfs. First, we present our new up-to-date model atmosphere grids computed without the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium in which we have included carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen at solar abundances. We demonstrate that the addition of these metals in the model atmospheres is essential in overcoming the Balmer-line problem, which manifests itself as an inability to fit all the Balmer lines simultaneously with consistent atmospheric parameters. We then present the spectroscopic analysis of our sample of DAO white dwarfs for which we determine the effective temperature, surface gravity, and helium abundance. We also present 18 hot DA white dwarfs that also suffer from the Balmer-line problem. We analyze these stars with models analogous to those for the DAO white dwarfs save for the presence of helium. Systematic differences between our newly determined atmospheric parameters with respect to previous determinations are explored. Far-ultraviolet spectra from the FUSE archive are then examined to demonstrate that there exists a correlation between higher metallic abundances and instances of the Balmer-line problem. The implications of these findings for all hot, hydrogen-rich white dwarfs are discussed. Specifically, the possible evolutionary scenario for DAO white dwarfs is revised and post-extreme horizontal branch evolution is no longer needed to explain the evolution for the majority of the DAO stars. Finally, we discuss how the presence of metals might drive a weak stellar wind which in turn could explain the presence of helium in DAO white dwarfs.
Ethnic Composition and School Performance in the Secondary Education of Turkish Migrant Students in Seven Countries and 19 European Educational Systems

This article examines the effect of the ethnic composition on school performances in secondary education for Turkish students, using both cross-national and Swiss national PISA 2009 data. At the school level our results show no effect of the proportion of natives or the proportion of coethnics and a negative association between ethnic diversity (we employ a residualized score of diversity on the proportion of migrants) and math performances. Consequently, we find no evidence for social capital advantages and an indication of barriers. Finally, we find no association between social capital variables on national or educational system level and math performance.
VARIABILITY-SELECTED LOW-LUMINOSITY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE 4 Ms CHANDRA DEEP FIELD-SOUTH

The 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) and other deep X-ray surveys have been highly effective at selecting active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, cosmologically distant low-luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs) have remained a challenge to identify due to significant contribution from the host galaxy. We identify long-term X-ray variability (∼month–years, observed frame) in 20 of 92 CDF-S galaxies spanning redshifts z ≈ 0.08–1.02 that do not meet other AGN selection criteria. We show that the observed variability cannot be explained by X-ray binary populations or ultraluminous X-ray sources, so the variability is most likely caused by accretion onto a supermassive black hole (SMBH). The variable galaxies are not heavily obscured in general, with a stacked effective power-law photon index of Γstack ≈ 1.93 ± 0.13, and are therefore likely LLAGNs. The LLAGNs tend to lie a factor of ≈6–80 below the extrapolated linear variability–luminosity relation measured for luminous AGNs. This may be explained by their lower accretion rates. Variability-independent black hole mass and accretion-rate estimates for variable galaxies show that they sample a significantly different black hole mass–accretion-rate space, with masses a factor of 2.4 lower and accretion rates a factor of 22.5 lower than variable luminous AGNs at the same redshift. We find that an empirical model based on a universal broken power-law power spectral density function, where the break frequency depends on SMBH mass and accretion rate, roughly reproduces the shape, but not the normalization, of the variability–luminosity trends measured for variable galaxies and more luminous AGNs.
Dung properties and defacation characteristics in some Scottish herbivores, with an evaluation of the dung-volume method of assessing occupance

Welch D. , 1982: Dung properties and defecation characteristics in some Scottish herbivores, with an evaluation of the dung-volume method of assessing occupance. Acta theriol. , 27, 15: 191—212 [With 8 Tables & 3 Figs.] The inter-relationships of dry weight, fresh weight and volume were studied with dung of cattle, sheeip, red deer (Cervus elaphus), hares (Lepus ispp.), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and red grouse (Lagopus lagopus). Dry weight to volume ratios were dependent on the initial dry-matter content, but also affected by weather, with shrinkage on drying-out. Cattle dung was clearly distinct in having a high moisture content. Volumes and weights of individual pellets were measured, and the number of pellets per defecation counted. From these data and other published information it is calculated that dung output for animals of average size ranges from 6 iml/hr in red grouse to 60 ml/hr in sheep to 800 ml/hr in cattle. Tests on the use of the dung-volume method to assess herbivore occupance are described.
Quaternary alluvial fan systems of the Agri intermontane basin (southern Italy): tectonic and climatic controls

Quaternary alluvial fan systems of the Agri intermontane basin (southern Italy): tectonic and climatic controls The Agri River high valley is a Quaternary intermontane basin located in southern Italy. The tectonic evolution of this basin was controlled by Lower Pleistocene strike-slip master faults, subsequently reactivated as normal faults until the Middle Pleistocene. The Quaternary sediments of the basin infill are mainly constituted of continental clastics, represented by coarse-grained alluvial deposits divided by unconformities. The arrangement of clastic deposits suggests that the Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial fan system developed along the eastern margin of the valley. Five generations of slope and alluvial fan systems have been recognized in the Agri basin. The oldest fans have formed on both slope and alluvial deposits. The younger alluvial fans are located along the entire valley floor and arose upon the earlier fan apexes originating in these valleys. The youngest fans are arranged in two different generations and show proximal facies distributed along the foot slopes. Plan view morphology, fan slope profiles, and sedimentary features of the fan system have been used here to determine the magnitude of the tectonic deformation episode affecting the faulted mountainous front of the Agri basin eastern margin. Both fast and slow tectonic episodes occurred during the different regional Quaternary tectonic stages that affected the southern Apennine chain. These tectonic episodes have therefore been analysed in relation to climatic conditions in order to determine their contributions to the evolution of the Pleistocene to Holocene fan systems.
The Digital Plateosaurus II: An Assessment of the Range of Motion of the Limbs and Vertebral Column and of Previous Reconstructions using a Digital Skeletal Mount

Scientific literature and museum exhibits are full of explicit and implicit claims about the possible postures and motion ranges of dinosaurs. For the example of the prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti I assessed the motion range of limbs and vertebral column in a CAD program using a 3D virtual skeletal mount. The range of motion of the forelimb is very limited, allowing the grasping of objects placed directly ventrally and ventrolaterally of the anterior torso. The manus is adapted for grasping. The powerful fore limb can barely reach in front of the shoulder, making a quadrupedal walking cycle impractical. Only a digitigrade pose of the pes with a steeply held metatarsus is feasible, and the morphology of the stylopodium and zeugopodium indicates a slightly flexed limb posture. Hind limb protraction and retraction are limited by the pelvic architecture. The neck has significant mobility both dorsoventrally and laterally, but blocks torsion. The dorsal vertebral column is flexible to a degree similar to the neck, mainly in the anterior half, but blocks torsion totally in the anterior and posterior thirds. The anterior dorsals are similar in shape to the posterior cervicals and significantly increase the motion range of the neck. The tail is highly flexible due to its large number of elements, showing more lateral than dorsoventral mobility. These results are compared to reconstruction drawings and museum skeletal mounts, highlighting a pattern of errors specific to certain widely used reconstruction methods.
Trend, pattern and determinants of crop diversification of small holders in West Bengal: A district-wise panel data analysis

Crop diversification is one of the most important risk management and income enhancing strategies for farmers. The study investigates the pattern, trend, and factors influencing crop diversification in different districts of West Bengal, based on secondary data. The Simpson index has been used to estimate diversification. The results show that all the districts of West Bengal and the state as a whole have exhibited a higher crop diversification during new millennium than the nineties. Both the supply side and demand side variables have been found to influence crop diversification. These variables include rural literacy rate, the percentage of urban population to total population of the district, relative earning from high-value crops (HVC) than cereals, the market density of a particular region, the percentage of small landholders and area under high yielding varieties (HYV) of food grains. The magnitude of rainfall and extension of crop insurance facility also have a significant impact on crop diversification. The government should come forward with suitable policies to encourage crop diversification. These policies may encompass the development of rural infrastructure, enhancement of rural literacy rate, the extension of crop insurance facilities and above all, the development of suitable price policy in favor of high-value crops. Key words: Crop diversification, Simpson’s index, panel data regression, high-value crop, smallholder.
The Determinants of Intellectual Capital Disclosure: Evidence from French stock exchange

The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of voluntary intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) by analyzing a panel of French listed companies observed over the period 2006-2010. The results confirm that ownership structure, size, debts and the weight of activated goodwill are the determinants of voluntary ICD which allows managers to reduce agency conflicts and solve the inadequacy of financial reporting by disclosing relevant information (signals) for investors. However, our results disprove that voluntary ICD could be a process of legitimizing targeting other stakeholders.
Harnessing Children ’ s Literature for Nigeria ’ s Transformation Agenda

The greatness of any nation is highly dependent on the ability of that nation to cultivate a deliberate policy that would bring about an enduring legacy for her children or youth, often regarded as “the leaders of tomorrow. ” One sure way of safeguarding that desirable legacy for “the tender mind” is through exposure to reading and enactment of stories from literature, especially national literature. This kind of literary experience is indeed critical to the children’s personal development. And personal development begets deep sense of responsibility, thereby engendering national orientation, consciousness and patriotism – which are vital indices for peaceful co-existence and development. The aims of this paper is to examine the viability of children’s literature as an alternative factor capable of fostering the much talked –about national transformation as postulated in Nigeria’s current transformation agenda. Desk research method was used throughout the research. The research identifies challenges against harnessing children’s literature in Nigeria ,these challenges include, poor reading culture, non-availability of literary reading materials, nonteaching of literature in most secondary school among others. In conclusion the paper beams its light on the present status quo with a view to recommending resuscitation of this all-important “sector” of development, for ground breaking result.
The lifecycle of Qaf in Jordan

Bien que la variable Qaf soit souvent presentee comme « la variable sociolinguistique la mieux etudiee » de l’arabe, force est de constater qu’il persiste, dans notre connaissance de la progression d’une forme A a une forme B de cette variable, des lacunes importantes. Ainsi, le « probleme de l’evaluation » (Weinreich et al. 1968) est souvent resolu en faisant appel aux notions de « prestige », de « stigmatisation », de « feminite / masculinite » ou « d’urbain / rural », sans analyse, en amont, des facteurs empiriques qui ont pu conduire a l’emergence de ces valeurs sociales ou de leur evolution. Cet article s’interesse au « cycle de vie » de la variable Qaf en Jordanie. Il s’appuie sur des donnees linguistiques recueillies par les auteurs dans plusieurs communes jordaniennes, dont la capitale, Amman, ainsi que sur une analyse des facteurs socioeconomiques et des developpements politiques qu’a connus le pays. Il se penche sur les causes ayant conduit a l’emergence de la variation, sur la transition d’un groupe social a l’autre et sur l’enracinement du changement au fur et a mesure de sa progression dans le systeme social de la communaute. La valeur d’une explication qui fournit une analyse rigoureuse des donnees linguistiques en relation avec le contexte social reside dans sa generalite. L’objectif de notre analyse est de fournir de telles possibilites de generalisation.
BROAD-SCALE PREDICTORS OF CANADA LYNX OCCURRENCE IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

Abstract The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) is listed as a threatened species throughout the southern extent of its geographic range in the United States. Most research on lynx has been conducted in the western United States and Canada; little is known about the ecology of lynx in eastern North America. To fill critical knowledge gaps about this species, we modeled and mapped lynx occurrence using habitat and weather data from 7 eastern states and 3 Canadian provinces. Annual snowfall, road density, bobcat (L. rufus) harvest, deciduous forest, and coniferous forest were compared at 1,150 lynx locations and 1,288 random locations. Nineteen a priori models were developed using the information–theoretic approach, and logistic regression models were ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and by our ability to correctly classify reserved data (Kappa). Annual snowfall and deciduous forest predicted lynx presence and absence for a reserved dataset (n = 278) with 94% accuracy. A map of the probability of lynx occurrence throughout the region revealed that 92% of the potential habitat (i.e., >50% probability of occurrence) was concentrated in a relatively contiguous complex encompassing northern Maine, New Brunswick, and the Gaspé peninsula of Quebec. Most of the remaining potential habitat (5%) was on northern Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. Potential habitat in New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York was small (1,252 km2), fragmented, and isolated (>200 km) from known lynx populations. When federally listed as threatened in the contiguous United States in 2000, inadequate regulations on federal lands were cited as the primary threat to Canada lynx. However, the majority of potential lynx habitat in the eastern United States is on private lands and continuous with potential habitat in Canada. Therefore, lynx conservation in eastern North America will need to develop partnerships across national, state, and provincial boundaries as well as with private landowners.
Isotopic cross sections of 12C fragmentation on hydrogen measured at 1.87 and 2.69 GeV/nucleon

We present new results of measurements of the isotopic cross sections of 12C fragmentation in the energy region of a few GeV/n. The experiment has been performed at the Dubna synchrophasotron using the magnetic spectrometer ANOMALON, equipped with Cherenkov counters. In this experiment 12C is the projectile and liquid hydrogen is a target. The isotopic cross sections obtained in the measurement are compared with the values predicted by the models: semi-empirical (Silberberg and Tsao) and parametric (Webber, Kish and Schrier). This work is a continuation of the previous one where similar results, but at 3.66 GeV/n, are presented.
INFLUENCES ON ORGANISATIONAL SLACK IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Programs to decrease cost and to increase operational efficiency may reduce a company's ability to innovate, by reducing organisational slack. Previous research on the relationship between organisational slack and innovation has been at level of the firm and has neglected the processes underlying the relationship, which takes place at the level of product development projects. In this paper, we identify organisational slack and its influences at the level of the product development project. Through exploratory case research in high-velocity industries, two influences on organisational slack are identified: customer interaction and top management control. We also identify two categories of organisational slack at the product development project level: project deliverables and human competences. The two influencing variables and the two categories of organisational slack all have an effect on the knowledge creation taking place inside the projects and therefore ultimately innovation.
Mixing of the RR and NSNS sectors in the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase limit

This paper concerns instanton contributions to two-point correlation functions of Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase (BMN) operators in $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory that vanish in planar perturbation theory. Two-point functions of operators with even numbers of fermionic impurities (dual to $\mathrm{R}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{R}$ string states) and with purely scalar impurities (dual to $\mathrm{NS}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{NS}$ string states) are considered. This includes mixed $\mathrm{R}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{R}\char21{}\mathrm{NS}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{NS}$ two-point functions. The gauge theory correlation functions are shown to respect BMN scaling and their behavior is found to be in good agreement with the corresponding $D$-instanton contributions to two-point amplitudes in the maximally supersymmetric IIB plane wave string theory. The string theory calculation also shows a simple dependence of the mass matrix elements on the mode numbers of states with an arbitrary number of impurities, which is difficult to extract from the gauge theory. For completeness, a discussion is also given of the perturbative mixing of two impurity states in the $\mathrm{R}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{R}$ and $\mathrm{NS}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{NS}$ sectors at the first nonplanar level.