Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Health Strain on the Initiation and Frequency of Substance Use in a National Sample of Adolescents

Using Agnew's general strain theory (GST) as a theoretical framework, we make an argument that health problems are sources of strain that influence substance use. Health strain's influence on the initiation and frequency of substance use is then empirically investigated using two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Results from logistic and zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models show that health related strains affect the initiation of marijuana, cocaine, and other drug use, but were inconsistently associated with the frequency of use of these substances. Adolescents with more frequent minor health problems experience greater levels of strain and may choose to cope with this strain through abusing both licit and illicit substances. In some instances negative affect mediates the effects of health strain on initiation and frequency of use. Study limitations and future directions for research on health strain are discussed.
ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC PURPURA ASSOCIATED WITH EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER

Acute hemorrhagic purpura is a rare disease and perhaps of sufficient interest itself to warrant a case report, but a search of the literature has failed to reveal any instances in which this disease has been associated with exophthalmic goiter. Hemorrhagic purpura is an acute or chronic disease characterized by a marked decrease in the number of blood platelets, spontaneous hemorrhages from mucous membranes and purpura. The blood platelets are greatly reduced from the normal of from 300,000 to 400,000 to less than 100,000 and, in acute cases, to even less than 20,000. If the blood vessels are injured in a case of hemorrhagic purpura, the effused blood clots, but the clots do not contract. Thrombosis does not take place readily in the injured vessels and the bleeding time is greatly prolonged. In 1775 Werlhof 1 first described this disease and established it as a distinct clinical entity. In 1916
Biomechanical Comparison of Spinopelvic Reconstruction Techniques in the Setting of Total Sacrectomy

Study Design. An in vitro biomechanical study. Objective. To biomechanically test and evaluate 4 different methods of spinopelvic reconstruction techniques and determine the most biomechanically stable construct for stabilization of the spinopelvic junction after total sacrectomy. Summary of Background Data. Total sacrectomy is necessary to treat a sacral tumor when it involves the S1 vertebra. Instrumentation and reconstruction of the lumbar spine and pelvis are required after total sacrectomy and can be achieved by various reconstruction techniques. Currently, the preferred method of spinopelvic fixation is controversial. Methods. Seven human cadaveric (L1-pelvis) specimens were evaluated in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation in a total sacrectomy model. Test constructs included (1) intact; (2) double-rod, double iliac screw (DDS); (3) single-rod, single iliac screw (SSS); (4) double iliac screw (DIS) fixation; and (5) modified Galveston technique (MGT). A load control protocol with 7.0 Nm moments applied at a rate of 1.5°/s was used to establish range of motion values for each tested construct on a 6-df spine motion simulator. Data were analyzed and normalized to intact. Results. All instrumented constructs offered significant stability in all loading conditions compared with the intact condition. Stability offered by different constructs in all loading conditions trended as follows: DDS>DIS>SSS>MGT. Overall, the DDS construct provided 55%, 43%, and 60% more stability than SSS, DIS, and MGT, respectively. This was significant in flexion-extension when compared with SSS and in all loading conditions when compared with MGT. Conclusion. In the setting of total sacrectomy, the double-rod double iliac screw method provided the most rigid fixation, followed by DIS fixation, single-rod single screw, and the MGT. In spinopelvic reconstruction, the use of double iliac screws is recommended compared with single iliac screw fixation techniques when treating unstable conditions caused by total sacrectomy.
A Study of the Blood Picture of Poultry and Its Diagnostic Significance

Abstract THE use of the blood picture as a clinical and diagnostic criterion of pathological states in poultry has received considerable impetus in recent years. The erythrocyte count, hemoglobin index, clotting time, and (to a lesser extent) the differential count have been employed by several investigators who were interested in abnormal nutritional conditions or actual diseases. (Englebreth-Holm, 1933; Cook and Dearstyne, 1934; Dam, 1929, 1930; Harmon, 1936; Scott and Cook, 1936; Forkner, 1929.) As a rule only part of the entire picture has been utilized, for example, hemoglobin index, clotting time, and so forth. In the course of investigations carried on in this laboratory, however, it has become apparent that in order to secure the most satisfactory results the complete picture should be determined, particularly in differential count, since certain metabolic derangements become manifest in a distorted white cell count, whereas the hemoglobin may remain essentially normal. On the other hand, .
Update on clinical gene therapy in childhood

The successful use of gene therapy to correct rare immune system disorders has highlighted the enormous potential of such therapies. We review the current state of gene therapy for childhood immune system disorders, and consider why these conditions have been particularly amenable to genetic correction. As with all emerging therapies, there have been unexpected side effects and their underlying mechanisms are the subject of intense research. Minimising such risks through improved vector design will play an important role in developing the next generation of gene based therapies and extending their applicability.
Compact Implementations of FPGA-based PUFs with Enhanced Performance

The Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are used in numerous security applications such as device authentication, secret key generation, FPGA intellectual property (IP) protection, and trusted computing. In this paper, compact implementations of Ring oscillator-based PUF (RO-PUF), Arbiter-based PUF (A-PUF) and RS Latch-based PUF (RS-LPUF) on an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) platform are presented. The proposed schemes provide very competitive area trade-offs and effectively enable smallest FPGA implementations, reported so far, of RS-LPUF, RO-PUF, and A-PUF respectively. The designs have been validated by developing prototypes on Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGAs at core voltage of 1.2V and normal operating temperature. Finally, a detailed comparison of statistical analysis on their performance using measured PUF data have been carried out. It has been demonstrated that the proposed designs exhibit significantly improved performance in terms of statistical properties when compared to the existing works.
Protein Electrophoretogram in Serum of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients & Its Correlation with S-100 ββ and Neuron Specific Enolase Level: A Pilot Study

Attempts are being made to find out the role of biochemical markers in the serum of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, which could be of help in monitoring disease. In the present study we performed electrophoretogram (nondenaturing Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of serum samples obtained from AIS patients at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 144 hours after onset of symptoms and compared with S-100 ββ protein and neuron specific enolase (NSE). We have identified one particular protein band with high molecular weight of >97KD in serum of healthy subjects which was initially absent in the AIS patients and reappeared with the treatment. This HMWP correlated well with the S-100 ββ and NSE protein findings in the same serum samples. S-100 ββ was detected in none of the matched control subjects, NSE level in the normal individuals was found to be 12ng/ml. High expression of these proteins were observed in 24–48hrs sample of the AIS patients and returned to the normal level with the treatment. There was significant correlation observed between the protein band and S-100 ββ and NSE expression. Detection of marker protein in serum samples could be useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of AIS. doi: 10.5214/ans.0972. 7531.2006. 130203
Effects of sleeping position on development of infant cardiovascular control

Objective: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is associated with prone sleeping, and circulatory failure has been hypothesised to be a factor in the fatal event. We aimed to determine the effect of prone sleeping on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) control over the first 6 months of life. Subjects: Term infants (n = 20) were studied longitudinally at 2–4 weeks, 2–3 months and 5–6 months with daytime polysomnography. Main outcome measures: A photoplethysmographic cuff (Finometer, FMS, Finapres Medical Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) on the infant’s wrist measured mean, systolic, and diastolic arterial pressure (MAP, SAP, DAP) and HR during quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS) in both the supine and prone positions. Results: BP in QS was lower compared to AS (by 3–9 mmHg) in both positions and at all three ages (p<0.05). At 2–3 months, a change from supine to prone in QS induced a fall in SAP (6 mmHg, p<0.05) and a rise in HR (4 bpm, p<0.05). An overall effect of postnatal age (PNA) on BP was identified (ANOVA) with MAP and DAP consistently averaging less (by 1–9 mmHg) at 2–3 months in both sleep states and sleeping positions compared with both other ages. Conclusions: Infant BP is modified by sleep state and sleeping position. A tendency for BP to fall in the prone position appears to be prevented by elevated HR at 2–4 weeks and 5–6 months, but not at 2–3 months, coincident with the age of greatest risk for SIDS. An uncompensated fall in BP in the prone position at this age could increase the possibility of circulatory failure and SIDS in vulnerable infants.
The Relationship between Trust in Healthcare System and Health Examination Participation

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between vertical trust in the healthcare system and participation in routine health examinations. Method: Data from the 2008 Pusan Health Survey were analyzed for this study. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the influence of possible confounders (sex, age, education, monthly mean household income, horizontal trust) on participation in routine health examinations according to trust in the healthcare system. Result: In a total sample of 7,683 participants, 3,756 (48.9%) were classified as health examination participants. Respondents with high trust in the healthcare system had significantly higher odds ratios of participation, 1.17 (95% CI 1.03-1.33), after multiple adjustments. Conclusion: Vertical trust in the healthcare system was significantly associated with higher odds of participation in routine health examinations. Improvements to the healthcare system have potential for increasing participation in routine health examinations.
Prevalence of atopy in children with chronic constipation

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of chronic constipation (CC) in unselected children, its association with atopy and the efficacy of a cow’s milk protein (CMP) elimination diet on refractory constipation. Study design: The study was conducted by six primary care paediatricians, serving a population of 5113 children aged from birth through to 12 years; only 2068 children were 6 months to 6 years. During a 3-month period, prevalence of CC was determined for the entire study population, ages 0–12 years. In the second part of the study, all patients aged 6 months to 6 years with CC, and age- and sex-matched controls, were evaluated for atopy and its association with CC. A questionnaire was completed including personal and family history of atopy and bowel-movement characteristics. Patients were tested for atopy by specific serum IgE and/or skin-prick tests. Constipated patients, refractory to osmotic laxatives, underwent a 4-week CMP elimination diet. Results: 91 (1.8%) children had CC, and 69 (3.3%) of the 6 months to 6 years age group fell into the atopy study age range. All 69 constipated children (mean age 34.9 (18.0) months) and 69 controls completed the questionnaire. Twelve of the 69 constipated children (17.3%) and 13 out of the 69 control children (18.8%) had a diagnosis of atopy. Eleven out of 69 (15.9%) constipated children were refractory to constipation treatment, and three (27.3%) of these had atopy. The 4-week trial of dietary elimination did not result in improvement in any of these 11 children. Conclusions: In our study group, prevalence of atopy among children with CC is similar to that in the general population. The level of refraction of CC does not seem to be related to cow’s milk allergy.
Knowledge and attitude towards swine influenza (2009) among dental practitioners in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: The practice of dentistry exposes dentists to a variety of micro-organisms that are transmittable via blood, oral or respiratory secretions. Recent outbreak of swine flu virus has posed a greater risk of occupational transmission to dentists as it can spread through the aerosols. In our study, we assessed the knowledge and attitude of dentists regarding swine flu (2009) in Nellore, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted during November and December 2009 in the south Indian district of Nellore in Andhra Pradesh. Self-administered, anonymous, multiple-choice type study questionnaire elicited information from 220 Dentists across the district. Results: The Mean (±Standard Deviation, S.D) scores of knowledge and attitude were 37.92 (±5.63) and 11.34 (±2.51) from the maximum scores of 52 and 20 respectively. After adjusting for other variables, multivariable linear regression analysis showed gender, location and qualification of the participant contributing significantly to the knowledge score indicating a male participant, who is from urban area with higher qualification, had better knowledge. Attitude scores were not associated with any of the variables at significant level. Conclusion: Although the knowledge level seems to be moderately high, there were some note-worthy yet disturbing gaps in knowledge. This study showed that the dentists' attitude towards swine flu was satisfactory. Emphasis during undergraduate teaching and continuous dental educational campaigns regarding infectious diseases are recommended for the dentists, as preparedness for future disease outbreaks.
Recognising and addressing elder abuse in care homes: views from residents and managers

In 2004, the author carried out a small scale study to find out the views of those living and working in private care homes in England about a range of issues connected to inspection, regulation and ways to better protect older people. This study reports on views from 19 managers and 19 residents about their understanding of abuse, their perceptions of the different forms of abuse and the possible action to deal with offending care staff. Although there was some consensus about the seriousness of certain types of abuse and how managers would investigate the allegation, the findings indicate that mandatory training for registered care home owners and managers is necessary to clarify their responsibilities in relation to their actions and the reporting of certain offences to relevant agencies. Residents' views also need to be taken seriously if they are to voice their opinions about life in a care home.
Recurrent Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infective Endocarditis and Review of the Literature

Coagulase-negative staphylococcal species are generally considered commensal inhabitants of the skin. Often regarded as avirulent organisms, certain species such as Staphylococcus lugdunensis have been identified as the cause of severe human infections including infective endocarditis. We report on a case of a native valve, S. lugdunensis infective endocarditis relapse after initial conservative medical therapy. A literature review of the outcomes of treatment was also performed. Analyzing definitive medical versus medical-surgical treatment of native valve infective endocarditis, an odds ratio of mortality of 3.1875 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1855-8.5705; P < 0.03) was obtained and was significant based on 2-tailed Fisher exact probability test. This analysis reveals an increase risk of mortality with medical therapy alone versus medical-surgical therapy for native valve infective endocarditis. Our case and review of the literature emphasize the growing evidence that early medical treatment and surgical evaluation and removal of infected foreign hardware is required to prevent significant morbidity and mortality.
Neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: practice patterns and predictors of outcome in the UK

Objective: To review the UK neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) service and identify predictors of outcome. Design: Retrospective review of the national cohort. Patients and interventions: 718 neonates received ECMO for respiratory failure between 1993 and 2005. Measurements and results: Diagnoses were: 48.0% meconium aspiration syndrome (97.1% survivors), 15.9% congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH; 57.9% survivors), 15.9% sepsis (62.3% survivors), 9.5% persistent pulmonary hypertension (79.4% survivors), 5.6% respiratory distress syndrome (92.5% survivors) and 5.1% congenital lung abnormalities (24.3% survivors). The overall survival rate of 79.7% compared favourably with the worldwide Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry. Over the period of review, pre-ECMO use of advanced respiratory therapies increased (p<0.001), but ECMO initiation was not delayed (p = 0.61). The use of veno-venous (VV) ECMO increased (p<0.001) and average run time fell (p = 0.004). Patients treated with VV ECMO had a survival rate of 87.7% compared with 73.4% in the veno-arterial (VA) ECMO group; only 42.4% of those needing conversion from VV to VA ECMO survived. In non-CDH neonates, lower birth weight, lower gestational age, older age at ECMO and higher oxygenation index (OI) were associated with increased risk of death. In CDH neonates, lower birth weight and younger age at ECMO were identified as risk factors for death. Conclusion: The UK neonatal ECMO service achieves good outcomes and with overall survival rate reaching 80% compares favourably with international results. Advanced respiratory therapies are used widely in UK ECMO patients. Identification of higher OI and older age at ECMO as risk factors in non-CDH neonates reinforces the importance of timely referral for ECMO.
An epidemiological study of 500 paediatric burn patients in Mumbai, India

Aim: To study the epidemiological data of paediatric burn patients to determine the role of demographic distribution and epidemiological parameters for assessment of mortality rate and development of burn prevention strategy. Materials and Methods : Epidemiological data of 500 patients admitted to the Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit of B.J. Wadia Hospital, Mumbai over a period of six years (2000-2005) was reviewed from medical records. Age, sex, demographic distribution, seasonal variation, total body surface area (TBSA) involved, type and place of burn injury, parental occupation, family size, first aid and mortality rate were studied. Result: Median age group for patient was 3.44 years (range one month to 14 years). The majority (24%) of burns occurred in children between the one to two years age group. Male to female sex ratio was 1.38:1. Most of the patients were from the defined demographic region served by the hospital. A significant number of patients however were from outside this region. Burn injury occurred predominantly during winter. Most common type of burn was scalds which occurred mainly in domestic circumstances. In the majority of patients, less than 10% TBSA was involved. All patients were managed as per the unit protocol. Mortality rate was 10.4%. Mortality rate was high in patients having more than 40% TBSA involvement. Seventy-three per cent of the total deaths occurred in the patients coming from regions outside the demographic region served by the hospital. Parental occupation, family size and the first aid did not affect the mortality rate. Conclusion: Availability of a burn care unit in the vicinity can decrease the mortality rates in the paediatric burn patients. An intense and focused burn prevention campaign to educate the general population about dangerous aetiological factors will decrease the incidence of paediatric burns.
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Should Social Work Develop Them?

Guidelines for clinical practice have proliferated in recent years. Numerous studies indicate that guidelines can increase empirically based practice and improve clients’ outcomes. Guidelines for social work practice would also promote more informed client decision making, improve clinical training in schools of social work, encourage more cost-effective and accountable practice, and help codify current knowledge in controversial practice areas. The National Association of Social Workers should institute a guidelines development program and ensure that guidelines reflect traditional social work values and the best in available scientific evidence and practice experience.
Fine grain multi-VT co-integration methodology in UTBB FD-SOI technology

Ultra-Thin Body and BOX Fully-Depleted SOI (UTBB FD-SOI) technology is one of two candidate technologies for replacing Bulk technology at sub-20 nm nodes. Although it represents a smooth transition from Bulk, i.e. being a planar technology with a similar gate stack and a simpler front-end-of-line process, it enables a reinforced process-design co-optimization thanks to Well engineering capability. This added degree of freedom has unleashed the creativity of designers and technologists, creating objects like `flip-Well' and `single-Well' logic gates. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of UTBB FD-SOI implementation strategies and solves the multi-VT constrains thanks to innovative fine grain co-integration approaches.
Outcome of severely anaemic fetuses treated by intrauterine transfusions

Background: Fetal anaemia is a well-known complication of pregnancy, which might have an ominous effect on the course of pregnancy, labour and the child’s development. Objective: To assess the effect of the severity of fetal anaemia on the child’s outcome. Methods: A retrospective cohort study. Pregnancies treated by intrauterine transfusions for fetal anaemia at Sheba Medical Center (1996–2004) were divided into two groups: mild to moderate anaemia (fetal haematocrit >0.50 multiples of the median (MoM)) and severe anaemia (hydrops fetalis or fetal haematocrit ⩽0.50 MoM). Data were retrieved from relevant obstetric and fetal medicine files. Results: During the study period, 54 fetuses were treated by 154 (median 3; range 1–7) intrauterine transfusions for red cell alloimmunisation. The sensitising antigen was D in 70% of cases; 18/54 patients were sensitised to more than one antigen. Thirty-three of the 54 fetuses (61%) were in the severely anaemic category (haematocrit range 3–20%); six were hydropic. Twenty-one of the 54 fetuses (39%) were in the mild–moderate anaemic category (haematocrit range 20–37%). On prenatal evaluation, there were no sonographic markers of central nervous system abnormalities or intraventricular haemorrhage. There were no differences in the neonatal outcome between the two groups. Developmental outcome was available in 14/18 (78%) mild–moderate cases and 26/29 (89%) severe cases. There were no significant differences in motor development score, percentage of abnormal cognitive development, and percentage of children needing supportive therapy between the mild–moderate and severe cases. Conclusion: Neonatal and developmental outcome of fetuses treated for severe anaemia is comparable to cases of mild anaemia.