Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contemporary clinical management of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Global estimates of the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma vary a little between sources, but it appears to be around the eighth commonest site for malignant tumours, with approximately 300,000 cases per year (42). This incidence is increasing in line with carcinogen exposure, and this is highlighted in the developing world, where betel quid and tobacco chewing are of similar importance 1 to smoking and alcohol (43). In the developed world, although smoking is now in decline in many countries, there has not been a corresponding reduction in oral squamous cell carcinoma incidence. This may be related to differing risk factors and an ageing population. As an example, the UK incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma increased by 23% between 1995 and 2004 (16, 23), and it is now the commonest sub-site of head and neck cancer (36). Similarly, the incidence and mortality for oral squamous cell carcinoma have rapidly increased in Eastern Europe (33). In terms of correlations with risk factors, it appears that any reduction due to the reduced prevalence of smoking (41) has been outpaced by rising alcohol consumption (28–30), ageing or inadequacies of diet (21). The effects of increasing prevalence of mucosal infection from high-risk human papilloma virus 2 (19) are apparently less important in oral than oro-pharyngeal sites. This increasing trend in oral squamous cell carcinoma is more marked in those with highest socio-economic deprivation (22), and the social dimension of this disease should not be ignored. Clearly oral squamous cell carcinoma is an important and far from rare cancer in many populations. Efforts aimed at prevention and lifestyle modification are self-evidently vital to improve this situation. However, the need to improve outcomes for those presenting with established disease remains important. This review summarizes current clinical practice, highlighting areas of controversy or rapid progress in the field.
Critical social marketing – The impact of alcohol marketing on youth drinking: Qualitative findings

This paper presents findings from exploratory qualitative research as part of a critical social marketing study examining the impact of alcohol marketing communications on youth drinking. The findings from stakeholder interviews (regulators and marketers) suggest that some alcohol marketing may target young people and that marketers are cognisant of growing concern at alcohol issues, including control of alcohol marketing. Focus groups with young people (aged 13-15 years) revealed a sophisticated level of awareness of, and involvement in, alcohol marketing across several channels. It was found that some marketing activity featured content that could appeal to young people and appeared to influence their, well-developed, brand attitudes. The research demonstrates the utility of taking a critical social marketing approach when examining the impact of alcohol marketing. The implications of these findings for research, regulation and policy around alcohol marketing are also examined. The contribution that studies such as this make to marketing principles and practice, and to social marketing, is also discussed.
The contribution of skeletal muscle tumor necrosis factor‐α to insulin resistance and hypertension in fructose‐fed rats

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in skeletal muscle tissue in insulin resistance and hypertension and the effect of anti-hypertensive medicine on skeletal muscle TNF-α in fructose-induced insulin-resistant and hypertensive rats(fructose-fed rats: FFR). Design and methods Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either normal rat chow or fructose-rich chow. For the last 2 weeks of a 6-week period of either diet, the rats were treated with a vehicle (control or FFR); temocapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI); or CS-866, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB). The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique was performed to evaluate insulin sensitivity (M value). TNF-α levels in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles and epididymal fat pads were measured. We also measured the TNF-α concentration in an incubated medium secreted from soleus muscle strips with or without angiotensin II. Results TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the soleus and EDL muscles, but not in the epididymal fat, in the FFRs compared with the control rats. Temocapril and CS-866 lowered systolic blood pressure, improved insulin resistance, and reduced TNF-α in both skeletal muscles. There were significant negative correlations between M values and TNF-α levels in both soleus and EDL muscles. Also, the soleus muscle strip incubation with 10−7 mol/l angiotensin II increased TNF-α secreted into the incubation medium compared to the incubation without angiotensin II. These results suggest that skeletal muscle TNF-α is linked to insulin resistance and hypertension and that angiotensin II may be one of the factors that regulate skeletal muscle TNF-α.
Ability of a new infant formula prepared from partially hydrolyzed bovine whey to induce anaphylactic sensitization: evaluation in a guinea pig model

In the present study we evaluated the allergenicity and immunogenicity of a whey partially hydrolysate formula (PHF) in a guinea pig model. Nine groups of 10 guinea pigs received either a conventional milk formula (CMF) or PHF for 37 days. After intravenous (i.v.) challenge with either α‐lactoglobulin (β‐L) or ultracentrifuged (u)CMF, animals fed CMF showed, respectively, 80% and 100®0 fatal reactions, whereas animals fed PHF showed no reactions when i.v. challenged both with (3‐L and uPHF. Eighty percent fatal reactions, and 10%, respectively, of severe and mild reactions have been observed in the CMF‐fed, casein‐challenge group. In contrast, only one (10%) mild reaction occurred in the PHF‐fed, casein‐challenged group. When challenged with u‐pasteurized cow's milk (uPCM), CMF‐fed animals showed 86% fatal reactions and 14% mild reactions, whereas PHF‐fed ones presented 70% no reactions, 20%, mild reactions, and one (10%) fatal reaction. Animals fed CMF showed a significantly higher level of specific IgG against cow's milk antigens than PHF‐fed ones, which, however, presented higher levels of antibodies than a water‐supplemented control group. The present results confirm that PHF is less sensitizing than CMF in a guinea pig model.
Incubator policy to support entrepreneurial development, technology transfer and commercialization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the incubator policy to support entrepreneurial development. In particular, the study reviews the incubation programs and strategies of technology transfer and commercialization as well as the innovation policies to support innovation commercialization in Thailand, based on the Triple Helix model. Design/methodology/approach – This study employs the use of case study methodology to understand in-depth the operations of major university business incubators (UBIs) and technology business incubators in enhancing the process of technology commercialization. The study examines case studies of leading UBIs (Mahidol University, Chulalongkorn University and King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi) and science and technology incubators of the National Science and Technology Agency (NSTDA) and the National Innovation Agency (NIA). The operations and incubating policies are analyzed through the lens of Triple Helix model. The interviews were carried out using .
Renascent Men or Entrepreneurship as a One-Night Stand: Entrepreneurial Intentions Subsequent to Firm Exit

While a large literature has emerged focusing on nascent entrepreneurship, the propensity for ex-entrepreneurs to consider re-entering into entrepreneurship, or what we term here as renascent entrepreneurship, has been generally overlooked. According to the theory of selection and passive learning (Jovanovic, 1982), while there is a lot to be learned about the underlying but unobservable endowment of entrepreneurial skills from entering into entrepreneurship, there is virtually nothing that can be additionally learned from subsequently re-entering into entrepreneurship following termination of a previous firm. This paper suggests a different view of learning, where the entrepreneur can utilize her capacity to absorb and learn from the initial entrepreneurial experience, thereby augmenting her initial endowment of entrepreneurial skills. This leads to the theoretical prediction that those ex-entrepreneurs with characteristics more conducive to augmenting entrepreneurial abilities are more likely to become renascent entrepreneurs. Based on the empirical evidence from a database consisting of ex-entrepreneurs, we conclude that those ex-entrepreneurs with the characteristics facilitating the augmentation of entrepreneurial skills exhibit a higher propensity for becoming renascent entrepreneurs. This would suggest that there are two types of learning gained from entrepreneurship - both passive learning about the underlying endowment of entrepreneurial skills, but also active learning in that the (ex)entrepreneur learns how to do it better.
Marketing Organic Products: Exploring Some of the Pervasive Issues

ABSTRACT This article explores the marketing of organic products. It identifies the issues that pervade the national, organisational, and individual differences within the global organic industry. These are discussed using the marketing mix framework of product, price, promotion, and place of distribution. It concludes that a large percentage of customers, who are spread throughout the community, purchase organic products, most of whom only purchase it occasionally. The most important attributes of organic products are health, quality, and environment. Promotion of these benefits has the potential to demonstrate that, even at the higher price, they still offer value for money.
Video Stream Quality Impacts Viewer Behavior: Inferring Causality Using Quasi-Experimental Designs

The distribution of videos over the Internet is drastically transforming how media is consumed and monetized. Content providers, such as media outlets and video subscription services, would like to ensure that their videos do not fail, start up quickly, and play without interruptions. In return for their investment in video stream quality, content providers expect less viewer abandonment, more viewer engagement, and a greater fraction of repeat viewers, resulting in greater revenues. The key question for a content provider or a content delivery network (CDN) is whether and to what extent changes in video quality can cause changes in viewer behavior. Our work is the first to establish a causal relationship between video quality and viewer behavior, taking a step beyond purely correlational studies. To establish causality, we use Quasi-Experimental Designs, a novel technique adapted from the medical and social sciences. We study the impact of video stream quality on viewer behavior in a scientific data-driven manner by using extensive traces from Akamai's streaming network that include 23 million views from 6.7 million unique viewers. We show that viewers start to abandon a video if it takes more than 2 s to start up, with each incremental delay of 1 s resulting in a 5.8% increase in the abandonment rate. Furthermore, we show that a moderate amount of interruptions can decrease the average play time of a viewer by a significant amount. A viewer who experiences a rebuffer delay equal to 1% of the video duration plays 5% less of the video in comparison to a similar viewer who experienced no rebuffering. Finally, we show that a viewer who experienced failure is 2.32% less likely to revisit the same site within a week than a similar viewer who did not experience a failure.
Status of Secretor and Non-Secretor with Respect to ABO Blood Group System in Young Population in Karachi-Pakistan

6 Abstract: The current study was carried out on 550 healthy population having 250 males and 300 females. Five ml venousblood was collected following standard biosafety measures. ABO blood grouping was done by Tile method and found blood group B dominant in both sexes i.e 180 male and 120 female were found with blood group B. Moreover, 2 ml of saliva was also collected from allvolunteers. Secretor status was detected from the saliva byhaemagglutination inhibition method and found 278 female and 234 male were secretors.
E-GOVERNMENT ADOPTION AMONG CITIZENS: THE CASE STUDY OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN A RURAL TURKISH HOSPITAL

Rapid technological development enables governments to provide citizens more effective, timely and cost efficient services. Nowadays, many of the public services can be accomplished by utilizing the Internet. In this sense, Internet use in public services, widely known as e-Government, is adopted as an essential intermediary for government organizations on establishing a national ICT infrastructure. Although Turkey was connected to the Internet in 1993, the number of Internet users in Turkey has reached to nearly 37 million people, ranking the country to be one of the top 20 countries in the world. It may be stated that Turkey is still at the beginning of the information society transformation, at the same time, along with the motivation of e-Europe+ project in 2001; Turkish government organizations increasingly utilize the information and communication technologies in their activities. E-Government opportunities focus on the implementation of digital public services through instant access for citizens. However, the adoption and interaction of e-Government among citizens are nontrivial changes, while both of them require respectable period of time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the e-Government adoption levels of citizens in a rural province of Turkey. The study concentrates on the e-Government adoption among health care workers in Ataturk University Research Hospital. A questionnaire was prepared and applied to 200 representative health care workers. The results of the survey indicated that there were still barriers against the adoption of e-Government among health care workers, although the Internet use in public services was increasing. The regression and ANOVA results also suggested the statistically significant relationship between e-Government adoption and education level, income level, internet connection, and computer use level at the 0.05 and 0.10 significance levels.
UK Consumer Decision-Making Styles

The importance of market globalisation and the consequent interest in international marketing has prompted a surge of work examining cross-cultural consumer behaviour. As part of this trend, this paper examines the generalisability of Sproles and Kendall's (1986) Consumer Styles Inventory (CSI) in an extension of their work in the UK. Most of the original US traits were found in the UK, with the addition of new store-loyalty and time-energy saving traits. However, some problems were encountered with the CSI's reliability and validity. Extending the original study, the research also identified meaningful and distinct decision-making groups which suggests a possible use of the CSI in segmentation. Implications for scale development, segmentation and cross-cultural research are discussed.
A comparative study of effects of mouth breathing and normal breathing on gingival health in children.

The present study was conducted to assess the effects of mouth breathing, lip seal and upper lip coverage on gingival health of children. 240 school children aged 10-14 years were selected irrespective of sex race and socioeconomic status. They were divided into two major groups i.e. mouth breathers and normal breathers. These groups were further subdivided into six sub-groups or categories on the basis of lip seal and upper incisor coverage. Gingival index was found to be higher in the mouth breathers than in the normal breathers in the subjects with incompetent lip seal. Increased lip separation and decreased upper lip coverage were all associated with higher levels of Plaque index and Gingival index. No statistical difference existed between mouth breathers and normal breathers with respect to Plaque index.
Firms’ Forecast Errors Regarding Their Own Future Key Figures: The Disappearance of the Overoptimism Bias

I analyze the accuracy of firms’ forecasts of their own future sales (and workforce numbers), which German companies provided secretly to the IAB Establishment Panel. Previous empirical evidence, using forecasts from public disclosures, revealed that managers’ earnings or sales forecasts on average show a bias towards overoptimism. However, in the present study the average firm is found to be very well able to correctly forecast its own future key figures. I suggest that public disclosed forecasts are on average overoptimistic because they serve as a signal to investors, while the ones in this dataset do not. Although I also find a large fraction of firms to be persistently overoptimistic over time, the share of steadily overpessimistic firms is even slightly larger.
The Use of Residual Income Valuation Methods by U.S. Sell-Side Equity Analysts

ABSTRACT: We investigate the use and performance of residual income (RI) valuation methods by U.S. sell-side equity analysts in a small-sample manner wherein we extract the rich details of analysts' RI valuations from their PDF reports over the period 1998–2013. We observe that RI valuations are much rarer than discounted cash flow (DCF) valuations, and that different RI and DCF valuations are sometimes provided by the same analyst for the same firm in the same report. We find that while some analysts build RI models around net operating income (RNOA-RI) and others around net income (ROE-RI), RNOA-RI valuations are optimistic to the same degree as DCF valuations and contain RNOAs that increase to an economically unlikely terminal year median of 27 percent. In contrast, analysts' ROE-RI valuations are unbiased when done in tandem with a DCF valuation, as are the DCFs that accompany them, and contain ROEs that decline over the forecast horizon to a more plausible terminal year median of 17 percent. We concl.
Osteoporosis Health Beliefs, Knowledge and Life Habits among Women in Saudi Arabia

Osteoporosis has been recognized as a major public health problem by healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia. The present study examines the osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs, and some of the life habits in two different Saudi women’s groups (with family history, and without family history), to find the association of their knowledge and health beliefs with their preventive practice. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among a convenience sample of 288 young age (20 to 40 years) women attending the health centers in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Both groups had an inadequate daily calcium intake with a significant difference between them. The women without family history had low mean of knowledge (8.9 ± 2.7) compared with family history group (9.3 ± 2.7) with a significant difference (p = 0.04). Based on the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS) subscale mean score, the perceived susceptibility and perceived severity were lower in women without family history with a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.02, 0.00; respectively). The family history group had lower mean score barriers of calcium intake and exercise with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.017, 0.013; respectively). Statistically significant correlation was found between calcium intake and OHBS subscale perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits of calcium intake and exercise, and perceived barriers of exercise only for the family history group. This study indicates inadequate daily calcium intake, with moderate knowledge of osteoporosis in Saudi women and highlights the need for diet and life habits interventions to improve calcium intake and exercise, which may help to reduce the burden of osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia.
A noise-robust frequency domain technique for estimating planar roto-translations

This work presents a new method for estimating planar roto-translations that operates in the frequency domain and as such, is not based on features. Since the proposed technique uses all the image information, it is very robust against noise, it can be very accurate; estimation errors on the rotational angle varies from a few hundredths to a few tenths of a degree, depending on the noise level. Experimental evidence of this performance is presented, and the mathematical reasons behind these characteristics are explained in depth. Another remarkable feature of the algorithm consists in that it works in Cartesian coordinates, bypassing the need to transform from the Cartesian to the polar domain, which, typically, is a numerically delicate and computationally onerous task. The proposed technique can become an effective tool for unsupervised estimation of roto-translations by means of implementations based on FFT algorithms.
Redeployment of Brands, Sales Forces, and General Marketing Management Expertise following Horizontal Acquisitions: A Resource-Based View

Drawing on resource-based theory, the authors examine the extent to which firms redeploy three key marketing resources (brands, sales forces, and general marketing expertise) following horizontal acquisitions. Results from a survey of 253 acquisitions show that highly immobile resources are more likely than less immobile resources to be redeployed. Furthermore, resources tend to be redeployed from the acquirer to the target more often than in the reverse direction. Finally, the effects of redeployment on subsequent product costs, product quality, product line breadth, geographic market coverage, market share, and profitability are examined. Cost-based synergies were minimally affected, but revenue-based synergies and overall firm performance were significantly influenced.
Performance of Market Discipline on the Islamic Financial Instrument: Evidence from Indonesian Islamic Gold Investment Scandal

Market discipline has been well recognized as effective means for preventing excessive business risk taking. Nevertheless, as the nature of investment in Islamic Finance may not meet the required characteristics, the ability of market discipline to work in its particular instrument market still needs to be proven. This study employed mixed method to answer the research questions. The quantitative analysis was carried out using event study approach, while in qualitative research we gathered qualitative information using questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), as well as interviews. This study utilized data of daily prices of some financial instruments traded in Indonesia, including conventional stocks, syariah-compliant stocks, bond, sukuk, conventional mutual fund, syariah-compliant mutual fund, IHSG, and Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). We employed 7-day, 30-day, 60-day, and 90-day windows around the date of the Islamic gold investment Scandal revelation in 2013, in both conventional and Islamic Finance markets. The qualitative study involved individual respondents, people in the relevant supervisory agencies, academicians, and professionals working in financial institutions. We find that market discipline works well only in Sukuk market and only in shorter period. We also find that negative market actions in both capital market segments may obscure the existence of market discipline. The qualitative study results show that insufficient capability of investors for assessing the investment credibility explains the empirical findings.