Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLOW GENERATED X-RAY CORONA AROUND SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND A UNIFIED MODEL FOR X-RAY EMISSION

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations are performed, which cover the spatial domain from hundreds of Schwarzschild radii to 2 pc around the central supermassive black hole of mass 10 8 M ⊙ ? > , with detailed radiative cooling processes. The existence of a significant amount of shock heated, high temperature ( ≥ 10 8 K ? > ) coronal gas in the inner ( ≤ 10 4 r sch ? > ) region is generally found. It is shown that the composite bremsstrahlung emission spectrum due to coronal gas of various temperatures is in reasonable agreement with the overall ensemble spectrum of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and hard X-ray background. Taking into account inverse Compton processes, in the context of the simulation-produced coronal gas, our model can readily account for the wide variety of AGN spectral shapes, which can now be understood physically. The distinguishing feature of our model is that X-ray coronal gas is, for the first time, an integral part of the inflow gas and its observable characteristics are physically coupled to the concomitant inflow gas. One natural prediction of our model is the anti-correlation between accretion disk luminosity and spectral hardness: as the luminosity of SMBH accretion disk decreases, the hard X-ray luminosity increases relative to the UV/optical luminosity.
Concentration of Metals in Alzheimer’s Disease Plaques

CONCENTRATION OF METALS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PLAQUES John Patrick Pruett, MA George Mason University, 2014 Thesis Director: Jane Flinn Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the world. This study focused on the effects of how different metals added to drinking water affected the metal concentrations in the plaques. There is disagreement in the field about some of the underlying mechanisms in relation to trace metals where concern is if these trace metals are harmful or beneficial. It was hypothesized that adding trace metals to drinking water would have a significant effect on the metal concentration of the amyloid plaque. This study examined the metal concentrations in the plaques in the Tg2576 mouse brain raised on 4 different types of waters, specifically with different metals added to the water, in addition to a lab water group. Mice were raised on water treatments from 3-14 months postnatal. They were broken up into four groups reflective of the metal added to the water: 10ppm ZnCO3 (Zinc carbonate), 10ppm of ZnCO3 & 0.25ppm CuCO3 (Zinc & Copper carbonate), 10ppm of Fe(NO3)3 (Iron nitrate), and unspiked (tap) lab water. Data were collected from spectroscopes at National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Labs using the electron beam at X27a, while analysis was conducted at George Mason University. This study found water treated with various trace metals was significantly different among zinc and iron metal levels in the amyloid plaque, but came back non-significant for copper metal. The results of this study support that the trace metals added to the drinking to Tg2576 mice does have an effect on amyloid metal concentration. There is a limited amount of research focused solely on the amyloid plaque and the effects of trace metals in drinking water. This study adds to the complex dynamic of Alzheimer’s disease by adding further the behavior of the amyloid plaque when exposed to different types of water.
In vitro Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Adoninia merrilli and Archontopheonix tukeri Fruit Pericarps

Adonidia merrilli (Becc.) Becc. and Archontophoenix tuckeri are palms primarily cultivated for ornamental purposes due to their exotic appearance. A number of ornamental palms have been used in traditional medicine and scientifically explored to ascertain their medicinal value. Methanol extracts of A. merrilii and A. tuckeri pericarps were screened for phytochemicals, and tested for cytotoxicity against various human carcinoma cell lines, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity using standard protocols. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, deoxy sugars, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Total phenolics, flavonoids and tannin content were 52.05, 20.68, 2.58 mg/g and 40.58, 32.73, 3.09 mg/g for A. merrilli and A. tuckeri respectively. A. merrilli and A. tuckeri extracts demonstrated notable anti-proliferative activity against cervical (HeLa), lung (H460), breast (MCF-7) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells at 30 μg/mL; A. merilli (52.90-66.51% kill; IC50: 26.53-29.70), A. tuckeri (55.62-62.21% kill; IC50: 18.73-.25.20). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (25-100 μg/mL) of the extracts against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae and Candida albicans were recorded. A. merrilli and A. tuckeri pericarp extracts contain potential bioactive compounds for phytomedicine and deserve further scientific investigations as the related ornamental palms, Livistona chinensis and Areca catechu. The chemical and biological studies of A. tukeri palm is reported for the first time.
Factors affecting employee job satisfaction: A comparative study of conventional and Islamic insurance

Abstract This paper attempts to investigate the factors that affect job satisfaction of sales agents from Islamic (Hereafter; Takāful) and conventional insurance of Pakistan using Herzberg two-factor motivation theory. Using multi-stage stratified random sampling, we received a total of 318 usable responses (185 from family Takāful and 133 from life insurance). A multiple regression and hierarchal regression model including 11 hygiene–motivational factors were used to examine job satisfaction in the presence of moderating factor Shari’ah perception. The outcomes regarding Herzberg two-factor theory were entirely distinctive between those two direct sales groups with the presence of moderating variable Shari’ah perception. Without moderating the effect of Shari’ah perception, family Takāful and conventional life insurance full-time direct sales agents demonstrated that hygiene factors and motivational factors were both more effective indicators of job satisfaction in Pakistani context. While checking the moderating effect in the presence of moderating variable Shari’ah perception, family Takāful sales agents are satisfied with hygiene factors where the motivators are not significantly affected by Shari’ah perception. On the other hand, conventional life insurance sales agents have no concern with Shari’ah perception.
Natal dispersal of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Switzerland

Dispersal influences the dynamics and persistence of populations, the distribution and abundance of species, and gives the communities and ecosystems their characteristic texture in space and time. The Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx is a medium-sized solitary carnivore that has been re-introduced in central Europe and currently occurs in rather small populations, where dispersal is believed to play a prominent role for the recolonization of unsettled areas and persistence of subpopulations. Between 1988 and 2001 the spatio-temporal behaviour of sub-adult Eurasian lynx was studied in two re-introduced populations in Switzerland, based on 31 juveniles of which 24 were radio-tagged to find out which factors influence dispersal. Age at independence ranged from 8.1 to 10.7 months and did not differ between populations or sex. Independence began from January to the beginning of May with a peak in April. After independence, sub-adults stayed a few days in the maternal home range. Age at dispersal differed between the areas of origin and was possibly affected by sex and the presence of new progeny. Dispersers of both sexes established transient home ranges; however, only one male in the saturated population established a transient home range. Although only females took over the maternal home range, there was no significant sex bias in the proportion of individuals that dispersed in both populations. Successful dispersers settled in a territory at distances that differed between populations with effects of sex, but not condition. The mean dispersal distance in the high-density population was 25.9 km compared to 63.1 km in the low-density population. Dispersal distances in the high-density population – shorter than those reported in other Eurasian lynx studies but comparable to those observed in an Iberian lynx population – are limited by habitat restrictions hindering connections with a neighbouring population.
Orthogonal Polarization Position Based MIMO Antenna For Wireless Applications

In this paper, we design a 4 element MIMO antenna with reduced ground plane structure to reduce the mutual coupling. Here the ground plane is reduced by etching metamaterial based concentric square shaped rings from the ground plane both in XY axis. Here initially the single antenna which is in the resemblance of F shape is considered and it operates at 6.94GHz and 9.46GHz. The 4 element antenna is considered by placing the antenna in a orthogonal polarized positions. The frequency band we considered is in-between 6GHz to 10GHz for the analysis purpose. The dielectric material used is Rogers RT/Duroid 5880TM. The comparative analysis is presented with the help of return loss curves according to the port excitation given and the MIMO antenna at each port have dual bands in the considered frequency band 6-10GHz.
Some Comments on the Nonlinear Dynamics of a Portal Frame under Base Excitation

This paper presents a nonlinear dynamic analysis of a flexible portal frame subjected to support excitation, which is provided by an electro-dynamical shaker. The main goal of this study is to investigate the dynamic interactions between a flexible portal frame and a nonlinear electrical support excitation. The numerical analysis shows a complex behavior of the system, which can be observed by phase spaces, Poincare sections and bifurcation diagrams.
Effect of the Chemical Mutagens Sodium Azide on Plant Regeneration of Two Tomato Cultivars under Salinity Stress Condition in vitro

The study was carried out to induce variations and stimulate callus induction, plant regeneration from different explants of two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars Trescantos and super Regina by using tissue culture technique and Sodium azide as a chemical mutagens at concentrations (0.0, 2.0 and 4.0) mM under salinity stress condition at the levels(3.0, 6.0 and 9.0) dS/m. Different plant growth regulators were tested for their potentials in callus induction. The results revealed that treated seeds with SA (sodium azide) at concentration (2.0) mM increased seed germination percentage, seedling height and root length as compare to control treatment. While (4.0) mM concentration cause a reduction in all parameters mentioned above. Concerning to callus induction both cultivars showed a different response against different tested media with varying concentrations of plant growth regulators and despite their variable response to all tested media a combination of (2.0) mg from Kinetin (KIN) and Indol acetic acid (IAA) was found to be the most effective as compare to other treatments. Moreover, when callus transferred to a stressed media the variation was observed in explants fresh weight, and high reduction with the increment of salt level were recorded. Similarly the regeneration efficiency from stressed callus were observed at the level 3.0 and 6.0 dS/m while 9.0 dS/m the callus failed to regenerate plants for all three explants of both tomato cultivars.
Question Types, Responsiveness and Self‐contradictions when Prosecutors and Defense Attorneys Question Alleged Victims of Child Sexual Abuse

Summary: We examined 120 trial transcripts of 6- to 12-year-old children testifying to sexual abuse. Age and attorney role were analyzed in relation to question types, children’s responsiveness and self-contradiction frequency. A total of 48,716 question– response pairs were identified. Attorneys used more closed-ended than open-ended prompts. Prosecutors used more invitations (3% vs. 0%), directives, and option-posing prompts than defense attorneys, who used more suggestive prompts than prosecutors. Children were more unresponsive to defense attorneys than to prosecutors. Self-contradictions were identified in 95% of the cases. Defense attorneys elicited more self-contradictions than prosecutors, but nearly all prosecutors (86%) elicited at least one selfcontradiction. Suggestive questions elicited more self-contradictions than any other prompt type. There were no associations with age. These findings suggest that neither prosecutors nor defense attorneys question children in developmentally appropriate ways. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of diets with moringa leaf meal on growth, carcass composition and haematology of Clarias gariepinus

A 56 - day feeding trial was carried out to study the effect of replacing the dietary soybean meal with Moringa oleifera leaves meal (MLM) on the growth performance, carcass composition and haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Four iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated with MLM replacing 0, 20, 40 and 60% of SBM in the diets. The results showed significant difference (p<0.05) in weight gain, SGR, FCR and PER between treatments, with 20% MLM performing best. Significant difference (p<0.05) was recorded in carcass composition of fishes at the end of the trial. Protein content of the carcass reduced, and fat and ash contents increased as MLM increased in the diets. Though the haematological parameters were found to be significantly different (p<0.05) from the control diet, they were within normal range for C. gariepinus. The results of this study show that MLM can replace up to 20% of the soybean meal in the diets of C. gariepinus.
The association between the supraglottic activity and glottal stops at the sentence level

Contrary to the previous belief that any presence of supraglottic activity indicates presence of hyperfunctional vocal pathology, Stager et al. (2000, 2002) found out that supraglottic compressions do occur in normal subjects. In fact, dynamic false vocal fold compressions during production of phrases with a great number of glottal stops were noted. The present study hypothesized that a similar pattern s would be observed at sentence level, where at least 50% or higher incidence of dynamic FVF compressions would be observed at aurally perceived glottal stops and other linguistic markers, such as vowel-initial words, /t/ final words, punctuations and phrase boundaries, where glottal stops were likely to occur. Nasendoscopic recordings were obtained from 8 healthy subjects (2M; 6F) during production of selected sentence stimuli. Their audio recordings were rated by two judges to detect the location of glottal stops. Then, the video images were analyzed to categorize the presence and absence of dynamic and static false vocal folds (FVF) or anterior posterior (AP) compressions. Results indicated that the incidence of dynamic FVF compressions was 30%. Nevertheless, the average incidence was elevated at aurally perceived glottal stops and at the linguistic contexts that are known to be associated with glottal stops compared to other contexts. ABSTRACT The false vocal folds (FVF), which are situated above our true vocal folds within the larynx or “voice box,” come together during swallowing or coughing to protect the airway. At one time, FVF compression while voicing was considered as signs of hyperfunctional voice disorders or maladaptive compensations to vocal fold paralysis. However, Stager et al. (2000, 2002) found frequent brief compressions of the FVF during production of glottal stops (specifically, vowel initiated words) by normal subjects when they recited short phrases. Glottal stops are brief audible cessation of airflow, which can often be heard during phrases such as “We eat eels every Easter. ” The present study was designed to further investigate the relationship between FVF compressions and glottal stops and specific linguistic contexts where glottal stops have been known to occur. Eight healthy subjects were recruited. Video images of true and false vocal folds movement and the audio recordings were collected via flexible nasendoscope while they read a set of longer, complex sentences. The incidence of brief or dynamic FVF compressions at aurally perceived glottal stops were only 30%, which was lower than Stager et al.’s results. Nevertheless, elevated frequencies of FVF compressions were noted at words ending with vowels or ending with “T” which were known to be associated with an increased number of glottal stops. This study further elucidated the pattern of normal FVF compressions at certain linguistic contexts. This result will further assist in differentiating normal FVF activity patterns from abnormal patterns and in accurate diagnosis of hyperfunctional voice disorder in clinic settings.
MULTIPLE GEODESICS WITH THE SAME DIRECTION

The directed last-passage percolation (LPP) model with independent exponential times is considered. We complete the study of asymptotic directions of infinite geodesics, started by Ferrari and Pimentel [5]. In particular, using a recent result of [3] and a local modification argument, we prove there is no (random) direction with more than two geodesics with probability 1.
Iranian ISI and Non-ISI Medical Research Articles in English: A Comparative ESP/EAP Move Analysis*

During recent decades publishing articles in academic journals has become a worldwide urge for all members of academia. There is, however, a widespread belief according to which more value is given to the articles published in internationally-recognized, high standard journals. An issue raised in this regard is whether the articles published in highly prestigious journals are remarkably different from those published in other journals as far as their contents and rhetorical styles are concerned. Taking the organization of information/moves into account, the present study seeks the probable differences existing between the two groups of 32 research articles (RAs) randomly selected from among Iranian ISI and non-ISI medical journals in English, published between January 2008 and February 2009, through analyzing the Introduction and Discussion sections of these articles based on the model presented by Nwogu (1997). The results of Mann-Whittney U and correlational tests revealed that Moves and Sub-moves have been exploited with quite similar frequencies in the two sets of the articles. The frequent use of Moves/Sub-moves in the sections not commonly stated in the literature, use of meta-discourse markers in the corpus, some marked implications of the findings of ESP genre analysis of RAs as well as some other findings have also been discussed
Analysis of Amino Acid Substitution Mutations of gyrA and parC Genes in Clonal Lineage of Klebsiella pneumoniae Conferring High-level Quinolone Resistance

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the amino acid substitutions in gyrA and parC proteins in certain clonal lineages of K. pneumoniae conferring high-level quinolone resistance. Methods: One hundred and eleven K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from clinical specimens in a teaching hospital in Kerman, Iran. The antibiotic susceptibility and MIC of quinolones were determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Clonal lineages of the isolates were confirmed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Amino acid mutation profiles of gyrA and parC amplicons of 6 high quinolone-resistant isolates were also determined by DNA sequencing. Results: Twenty-two isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (MIC, 256 µg/ml), ciprofloxacin (MIC, 32 µg/ml), levofloxacin (MIC, 32 µg/ml), and ofloxacin (MIC, 32 µg/ml). ERIC-PCR typing identified 4 clusters and 6 singleton, the largest belonged to cluster 3. Sequencing of gyrA gene showed 3 amino acid substitutions ( Ser83→Ile, Lys154→Arg, and Ser171→Ala) in the strains 18, 20, 33; two substitutions (Lysine154→Arg; Ser171→Ala) in the strains 27 and 65 and 6 substitutions in the strain 66, of which, 3 (Ser83→Phe, Asp87→Ala, and Val190→Gly) were unique for this strain. Sequencing of parC gene revealed two substitutions (Ser129→Ala and Ala141→Val) in the strains 18, 27, 66, and 3 amino acid changes (Ser80→Ile, Ser129→Ala, and Ala141→Val) in the strains 20 and 33, respectively. Alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis of the gyrA from isolate 66 with homologous sequences obtained from the NCBI database, revealed 99.8% similarity to gyrA gene of K. pneumoniae ha10. Conclusion: The results suggest that acquisition of mutations in certain positions of gyrA and parC genes confers high-level resistance to quinolones. J Med Microbiol Infec Dis, 2014, 2 (3): 109-117.
EVALUATING USER CLASS APPROACH FOR NETWORK MOBILITY PROTOCOL

This paper highlights the importance of the Quality of Service in mobile network by introducing a user class approach for traffic management between a mobile router and the mobile network nodes. The approach scheme encompasses the application of mobile user (e.g. public transport user) while they are moving to optimize the network resource utilization. Experiments are conducted using a Network Simulator 2 to measure the performance of user class in different scenarios; off peak hours and peak hours. Based on this information, traffic from mobile network nodes has significant improvement where it provides high throughput, low end-to-end delay and low packet loss rate.
Upper Echelons Theory and Research: A review of theory and empirical literature 28 years later

Since the seminal work of Hambrick and Mason (1984) researchers have devoted significant attention to exploring how the human side of managers, such as their backgrounds and psychological characteristics, influence the decisions they make (Nielsen 2010). However the upper echelons research in the last three decades has been equivocal in the light of the question “Do top executives really matter as much to company outcomes as the theory seems to presume? ” This paper set to review the literature on upper echelons research and theory. Our review highlights that, (1) upper echelons theory is still relevant to strategic management today as it was three decades ago, and (2) in line with Hambrick (2007) top executives really matter to company outcomes as they make decisions and engage in behaviors that affect the health, wealth, and welfare of firms – but they do so as flawed human beings. Key concerns of our highlight are, (1) the concentration of upper echelons research in the United States of America and, (2) the near-absence of upper echelons research in Africa. Finally our review highlights a number of future research directions.