Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XXXXXX 1 DYNAMIC AND STATIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EUCALYPTUS NITENS 2 THERMALLY MODIFIED IN AN OPEN AND CLOSED REACTOR SYSTEM 3

Eucalyptus nitens is a fast growing plantation species that has a good acclimation in Chile. It 13 is commonly used for pulp and paper, but there is a growing market for solid wood products 14 made from this species and an interest on producing high quality material. Thermal 15 modification technology have been used to obtain high quality product out of fast growing 16 plantation species. In this study we modified Eucalyptus nitens to analyse the influences of 17 the process conditions and evaluated its mechanical properties under several process 18 conditions. The material was modified in a closed system under elevated pressure and 19 controlled relative humidity (30 and 100% relative humidity) at temperatures between 150 20 and 170°C, and in an open system with a standard thermal modification procedure between 21 160 and 230°C. Modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, deflection and work in bending (in 22 elastic and inelastic proportions) and the resistance to impact milling in high energy multiple 23 impact tests were determined. Mass loss after each modification was also measured and 24 correlated with the mechanical properties. Anatomical properties of selected modifications 25 were analysed. There were no significant differences between open and closed system 26 modifications in both mechanical and anatomical properties. 27
COBRA 2018 PROPERTY VALUATION PRACTICE IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES : A CASE OF HONG KONG

The sophistication of the property valuation services provided by valuers in a country has a significant impact on national and global economies. An attempt is made to investigate the property valuation practice using Hong Kong as a case study being a developed country that developing nations can learn from. Property valuation firms in Hong Kong were invited to partake in an online questionnaire survey, the essence of the survey was to examine the property valuation approach(es) being adopted in practice. The information gathered from the questionnaire was analysed and presented using descriptive statistics in terms of percentiles. It was found that all of the valuers are aware of the traditional methods of valuation, whereas the opposite is the situation for the advanced methods. Consequently, it was revealed that they always and regularly adopt the traditional methods in property valuation practice. This was attributed to the valuers’ educational qualifications and years of experience. On the other hand, the valuers do not adopt the advanced methods in practice at all. There seems to be a gap in property valuation theory and practice, hence, there is a need to investigate the factors responsible for this, in order to achieve sustainable property valuation practice.
Crustal melting, ductile flow, and deformation in mountain belts: Cause and effect relationships

Exhumed sections of migmatites are beautifully exposed in the middle crust of old orogens such as the Proterozoic Wet Mountains of Colorado and young Tertiary–active orogens such as the Himalaya and Karakoram. Migmatites and leucogranites occur both on a regional scale (e.g., Greater Himalayan Sequence) and along more restricted shear zones and strike-slip faults (e.g., Karakoram, Jiale, and Red River faults). Melting and deformation are clearly diachronous across orogenic belts over space and time, yet in general, deformation must precede regional metamorphism and melting in order to thicken the crust and increase pressure and temperature. Some deformation can be synchronous with partial melting and there is almost always post-melting deformation along shear zones or faults. The distinction between pre-, syn-, and post-kinematic granites in three dimensions, in pressure-temperature space, and in time becomes critical. In particular, mapping of macro- and micro-structures combined with precise U-Th-Pb dating of migmatitic leucosomes and granitic rocks in deformation zones can be used to constrain the relative timing of metamorphism, melting, ductile shearing and brittle faulting. In the Himalaya, multiple sill intrusions emanating from a regional migmatite terrane fed growth of leucogranite bodies over a time span of ~30 m.y. and channel fl ow, the southward extrusion of a partially melted section of the mid-crust, occurred along the Himalaya during the Miocene from ca. 24–15 Ma. The Karakoram batholith formed by pre- to post-collisional metamorphism, migmatisation and magmatism over a period lasting at least 65 m.y. Comparisons of the Himalaya and Karakoram migmatite-granite belts with the Proterozoic Wet Mountains in Colorado provide strong evidence for weak middle crust capable of aseismic fl ow, leading to question models of lithospheric rheology that call on strong middle crust.
Prodromal symptoms and the determination of coronary artery disease in women: An exploratory study

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy PRODROMAL SYMPTOMS AND THE DETERMINATION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN WOMEN: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY By William Garrett Warrington, Jr. August 2008 Chair: James Vernon Jessup, Jr. Major: Nursing Science Globally cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) is the number one killer of women and men. The major component of CHD, coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant health threat. The purpose of this exploratory study was to help healthcare professionals have a better understanding of which prodromal symptoms can be most helpful in identifying women who are at-risk of having CAD and allow healthcare providers to determine which women should undergo cardiovascular diagnostic tests that are highly predictive such as cardiac catheterization. Women ages 40 to 89 years that had not previously had a diagnostic cardiac catheterization and were scheduled for an elective outpatient procedure were asked to participate. A convenience sample of 166 women completed a structured interview using the McSweeney Acute and Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptom Survey to explore prodromal symptom presence. Women underwent a catheterization procedure to quantify CAD. To address the major hypothesis of the study, analysis of frequency (chi-square test) was used to determine the difference in proportion of variables measured on nominal and ordinal scales between the two groups of subjects diagnosed with CAD or without it. The t-test was utilized to find the difference in mean of the variables measured on interval or ratio scales between the two groups.
Explaining the Decline in the U.S. Employment-to-Population Ratio: A Review of the Evidence

This paper first documents trends in employment rates and then reviews what is known about the various factors that have been proposed to explain the decline in the overall employment-to-population ratio between 1999 and 2018. Population aging has had a large effect on the overall employment rate over this period, but within-age-group declines in employment among young and prime age adults also have played a central role. Among the factors whose effects the evidence allows us to quantify, labor demand factors, in particular increased import competition from China and the penetration of robots into the labor market, are the most important drivers of observed within-group declines in employment. Labor supply factors, most notably increased participation in disability insurance programs, have played a less important but not inconsequential role. Increases in the real value of state minimum wages and in the share of individuals with prison records also have contributed modestly to the decline in the aggregate employment rate. In addition to the factors whose effects we roughly quantify, we identify a set of potentially important factors about which the evidence does not yet allow us to draw clear conclusions. These include the challenges associated with arranging child care, improvements in leisure technology, changing social norms, increased use of opioids, the growth in occupational licensing, and declining labor market fluidity. Our evidence-driven ranking of factors should be useful for guiding future discussions about the sources of decline in the aggregate employment-to-population ratio and consequently the likely efficacy of alternative policy approaches to increasing employment rates.
Geo etric Controllability of The Purcell ’ s Swi er and its Sy etrized Cousin

We analyse weak and strong controllability notions for the locomotion of the 3-link Purcell’s swimmer, the simplest possible swimmer at low Reynolds number, from a geometric framework. After revisiting a purely kinematic form of the equations, we apply an extension of Chow’s theorem to analyze controllability in the strong and weak sense. Further, the connection form for the symmetric version of the Purcell’s swimmer is derived, based on which the controllability analysis utilizing the Abelian nature of the structure group is presented. The novelty in our approach is the usage of geometry and the principal fiber bundle structure of the configuration manifold of the system to arrive at strong and weak controllability results.
Influence of Typing Skill on Pause-Execution Cycles in Written Composition

It is well known that the cognitive cost of programming motor movements in writing can be considerably high if execution is not automatized. However, it is not clear how this cost might affect the on-line production of a written text, namely the distribution of pauses vs. execution periods. Narratives were collected using ScriptLog. Keystroke interval within a word was measured and used to distinguish between fast typists — for whom execution was presumably automatic, and slow typists — for whom execution required attention. The relative distribution of pauses vs. execution periods between two consecutive pauses was examined. Results showed that the time ratio between pauses and execution differs between groups. Relative to fast typists, slow typists make more pauses, and have shorter execution periods. These results are discussed in light of two phenomena: the trade-off between execution and formulation processes, and the adoption of serial vs. parallel ways of composing.
Investigation of an 11 mm diameter Twin Screw Granulator : Screw Element 1 Performance and In-line Monitoring via Image Analysis 2 3

21 As twin screw granulation (TSG) provides one with many screw element options, 22 characterization of each screw element is crucial in optimizing the screw configuration in order 23 International Journal of Pharmaceutics Sayin et al., 2015 2 to obtain desired granule attributes. In this study, the performance of two different screw 24 elements distributive feed screws and kneading elements was studied in an 11mm TSG at 25 different liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios. The kneading element configuration was found to break 26 large granules more efficiently, leading to narrower granule size distributions. While 27 pharmaceutical industry shifts towards continuous manufacturing, inline monitoring and process 28 control are gaining importance. Granules from an 11mm TSG were analysed using the 29 Eyecon TM , a real-time high speed direct imaging system, which has been used to capture accurate 30 particle size distribution and particle count. The size parameters and particle count were then 31 assessed in terms of their ability to be a suitable control measure using the Shewhart control 32 charts. d10 and particle count were found to be good indicators of the change in L/S ratio. 33 However, d50 and d90 did not reflect the change, due to their inherent variability even when the 34 process is at steady state. 35 36
International migration by educational attainment, 1990-2000

For the last few years, the pace of international migration has accelerated. According to the United Nations (2002), the number of international migrants increased from 154 million to 175 million between 1990 and 2000. The consequences for countries of origin and destination have attracted the increased attention of policymakers, scientists, and international agencies. The phenomenon is likely to further develop in the coming decades as a part of the world globalization process. The international community must be prepared to address the challenges raised by the increasing mobility of workers. In particular, the migration of skilled workers (the so-called brain drain) is a major piece of the migration debate. The transfer of human resources has undergone extensive scrutiny in developing countries but also in such industrial countries as Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany, where an important fraction of talented natives is working abroad. When considering the consequences for countries of origin, early literature supports the view that skilled migration is unambiguously detrimental for those left behind (Grubel and Scott 1966; Johnson 1967; Bhagwati and Hamada 1974; Kwok and Leland 1982). This is the case if the migrants’ contribution to the economy is greater than their marginal product or if the education of skilled emigrants was partly funded by taxes on residents. The negative effects of the brain drain for source countries have been reformulated in an endogenous growth framework (Miyagiwa 1991; Haque and Kim 1995; Wong and Yip 1999). More recently, the effects of migration prospects on human capital formation have been the focus of several studies, which suggest that such prospects may in fact foster human capital
Factor Income Taxation in a Horizontal Innovation Model

We consider the optimal factor income taxation in a standard R&D model with technical change represented by an increase in the variety of intermediate goods. In the model there are externalities both to working and to saving, due to market power by firms, incomplete appropriability of the benefits of inventions and the cost of economic activity in terms of public expenditures. Redistributing the tax burden from labor to capital will increase employment but, in most cases, reduce the rate of growth, with conflicting effects on the deadweight loss from the externalities. Under plausible calibrations of the model, the optimal tax rate on capital will be sizable.
Economic Analysis of Gari Processing Systems in Sierra Leone

This study assess the performance and efficiencies of existing (4) gari production systems (profitability and marketing margins as well as the strengths, weakness, opportunities and constraints) in Sierra Leone. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used for the analysis. Multistage random sampling was used to select study samples. Information was collected using a structured questionnaire from a total of 108 gari processors in 24 chiefdoms. Data collected included cost return and socioeconomic variables. The PAM was based on 50 Kg of fresh cassava storage roots and Leone (SSL) as money to evaluate costs and revenues. The analysis indicates that only three (3) cassava gari production systems (2, 3 & 4) present a Domestic Resource Cost Ratio of less than 1 (DRC < 1) and Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) also less than 1 (CBR within 0.64 to 0.96). Cassava gari Original Research Article Nabay et al.; AJAEES, 26(3): 1-10, 2018; Article no.AJAEES. 42393 2 production activity which uses systems 2, 3 and 4 was economically profitable for gari processing. Discounting potential revenue from cassava gari production systems that use at least mechanical equipment have higher comparative and competitive advantages. PAM for cassava gari production systems at 30% interest rate only system 4 remains profitable and thus have a comparative and competitive advantage which was the most mechanized system. It can be concluded that among the four gari production systems identified, system 4 was the most profitable with higher competitive and comparative advantage. This implies that policies for mechanizing gari production must be enacted for profitable and sustainable gari production in Sierra Leone.
Chapter 2 Properties and Training in Recurrent Neural Networks

In this chapter, we describe the basic concepts behind the functioning of recurrent neural networks and explain the general properties that are common to several existing architectures. We introduce the basis of their training procedure, the backpropagation through time, as a general way to propagate and distribute the prediction error to previous states of the network. The learning procedure consists of updating the model parameters by minimizing a suitable loss function, which includes the error achieved on the target task and, usually, also one or more regularization terms. We then discuss several ways of regularizing the system, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. Beside the standard stochastic gradient descent procedure, we also present several additional optimization strategies proposed in the literature for updating the network weights. Finally, we illustrate the problem of the vanishing gradient effect, an inherent problem of the gradient-based optimization techniques which occur in several situations while training neural networks. We conclude by discussing the most recent and successful approaches proposed in the literature to limit the vanishing of the gradients.
Information Asymmetry and the Structure of Loan Syndicates

This study explores the impact of information asymmetry between lenders and borrowers on loan syndicate structure. Using a sample of 17,839 loans raised by 8,701 US firms between January 1986 and August 2007, we confirm existing evidence that lead arrangers form concentrated syndicates when borrowers require intense monitoring and due diligence. We provide new evidence regarding the roles of borrower reputation, lead arranger reputation and the bank-borrower relationship. First, lead arranger reputation can reduce information asymmetry but only for the most reputable lead arrangers. Second, borrower reputation, measured by the borrower’s past access of the loan market, reduces the problem of information asymmetry, with higher reductions for more recent and more regular borrowers. Third, our results regarding the past relationship between the borrower and the lead arranger support the moral hazard aspect of information asymmetry for all borrowers. We also find evidence for the adverse selection aspect of information asymmetry but only for opaque borrowers. The effect can, however, be overcome by the most reputable lead arrangers, as their behavior is strongly influenced by a fear of loss of reputation
A Review on Ethanomedical Uses , Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Profile of Bambusa arudinacea Retz :

Article history: Received on 04 July 2012 Modified on 15 October 2012 Accepted on 20 October 2012 India has a great wealth of various naturally occurring plant drugs which have great potential pharmacological activities. Bambusa arundinacea is one amongst them. Bambusa arundinacea has been proven to have great pharmacological potential with a great utility and usage as folklore medicine. Various parts of this plant such as Leaf, root, shoot and seed possess Anti inflammatory, Antiulcer, Antidiabetic, Anti-oxidant, anthelmintic, astringent, emmengogue activity. Various phyto-pharmacological evaluations have been reported in this literature for the important potential of the Bambusa arundinacea. This review mainly focuses on the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological information of Bambusa arundinacea. © KESS All rights reserved
Clinical psychology of Internet addiction: a review of its conceptualization, prevalence, neuronal processes, and implications for treatment

Research into Internet addiction (IA) has grown rapidly over the last decade. The topic has generated a great deal of debate, particularly in relation to how IA can be defined conceptually as well as the many methodological limitations. The present review aims to further elaborate and clarify issues that are relevant to IA research in a number of areas including: definition and characterization, incidence and prevalence rates, associated neuronal processes, and implications for treatment, prevention, and patient-specific considerations. It is concluded that there is no consensual definition for IA. Prevalence rates among nationally representative samples across several countries vary greatly (from 1% to 18.7%), most likely reflecting the lack of methodological consistency and conceptual rigor of the studies. The overlaps between IA and other more traditional substance-based addictions and the possible neural substrates implicated in IA are also highlighted. In terms of treatment and prevention, both psychological and pharmacological treatments are examined in light of existing evidence alongside particular aspects inherent to the patient perspective. Based on the evidence analyzed, it is concluded that IA may pose a serious health hazard to a minority of people.
LINKAGES BETWEEN PERSONALITY AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING BEHAVIOR IN WORKPLACE: MEDIATING ROLE OF AFFECTIVE STATES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between broad and select narrow personality traits and knowledge sharing behavior of employees in workplace. This study especially contributes to literature of personality by uncovering the unexplored affective states in the context of knowledge sharing behavior. Sample was drawn by using simple random sampling without replacement technique. To test the hypotheses, correlation, regression and bootstrap mediation procedures were applied to the sample data. Testing a sample of 274 university teachers, signi ﬁ cant associations were found between big ﬁ ve traits, proactive personality, creative self-ef ﬁ cacy, and knowledge sharing behavior. Openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, proactive personality and creative self-ef ﬁ cacy were positively related to knowledge sharing behavior, whereas, neuroticism was negatively related to knowledge sharing behavior in workplace. The relationship between extraversion, agreeableness and creative self-ef ﬁ cacy was partially mediated by positive affect and the relationship between neuroticism and knowledge sharing behavior was partially mediated by negative affect. In conclusion, members of organizations, at all levels, should be trained to manage their emotions and affective reactions intelligently to share knowledge effectively and gain maximum bene ﬁ ts from knowledge based assets. In addition, organizational tasks must be assigned to employees with suitable narrow or broad personality traits to maximize the performance level. All the sophisticated, scienti ﬁ c and technical works requiring high level of knowledge sharing should not be assigned to neurotic workers. However, agreeable, extrovert, conscientious and open individuals may handle all knowledge sharing activities effectively. It is also suggested that the works requiring scienti ﬁ c innovation and creativity could better be performed by people high in creative self-ef ﬁ cacy, whereas, knowledge works requiring manual dexterity like technology transfer, industry academia linkages and knowledge based networking can best be done by proactive people.