Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Sociological Perspective on Gender and Career Outcomes

Both economists and sociologists have documented the association between gender and career outcomes. Men are more likely than women to participate in the labor force, and men average more hours of paid labor per week and more weeks per year. Women and men tend to hold different occupations and to work in different industries, firms and jobs. Furthermore, men outearn women, hold more complex jobs and are more likely to supervise workers of the other sex and to dominate the top positions in their organization. The challenge for both disciplines lies not in showing that gender is linked to employment outcomes, but in explaining the associations. Economists have sought explanations in the characteristics and preferences of individual workers or employers. Some have attributed the associations between workers' sex and their career outcomes to sex differences in training and experience, career commitment or competing demands on time and energy. Others focus on employers' preferences for workers of one sex over the other ("taste discrimination") or on employers' beliefs that workers of one sex or the other are more costly or less profitable to employ ("statistical discrimination"). The sociological approach differs from that of economists in recognizing sex segregation as a causal mechanism that gives rise to other differences between women's and men's careers. This emphasis on segregation reflects sociologists' interest in the ramifications of societal-level systems of differentiation and stratification. It stems also from the discipline's concern with the impact of people's location in social structures on a variety of life outcomes. By concentrating men and women in different jobs, segregation exposes them to more or less similar employment
GAMA/H-ATLAS: a meta-analysis of SFR indicators – comprehensive measures of the SFR–M* relation and cosmic star formation history at z < 0.4

We present a meta-analysis of star-formation rate (SFR) indicators in the GAMA survey, producing 12 different SFR metrics and determining the SFR-M* relation for each. We compare and contrast published methods to extract the SFR from each indicator, using a well-defined local sample of morphologically-selected spiral galaxies, which excludes sources which potentially have large recent changes to their SFR. The different methods are found to yield SFR-M* relations with inconsistent slopes and normalisations, suggesting differences between calibration methods. The recovered SFR-M* relations also have a large range in scatter which, as SFRs of the targets may be considered constant over the different timescales, suggests differences in the accuracy by which methods correct for attenuation in individual targets. We then recalibrate all SFR indicators to provide new, robust and consistent luminosity-to-SFR calibrations, finding that the most consistent slopes and normalisations of the SFR-M* relations are obtained when recalibrated using the radiation transfer method of Popescu et al. These new calibrations can be used to directly compare SFRs across different observations, epochs and galaxy populations. We then apply our calibrations to the GAMA II equatorial dataset and explore the evolution of star-formation in the local Universe. We determine the evolution of the normalisation to the SFR-M* relation from 0 < z < 0.35 - finding consistent trends with previous estimates at 0.3 < z < 1.2. We then provide the definitive z < 0.35 Cosmic Star Formation History, SFR-M* relation and its evolution over the last 3 billion years.
Measuring Intangible Assets in an Emerging Market Economy: An Application to Brazil

This paper measures intangible investment in Brazil. It estimates that during 2000-2008, annual business spending on intangible assets or knowledge-based capital in Brazil averaged about 4 percent of gross domestic product. While this is significantly lower than comparable rates for the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom, which hover around 11 percent, it is not too far below estimates for other developed countries such as Italy and Spain. Of the total expenditure on intangible assets in 2006, about 23 percent was spent on computer software and databases, 43 percent on innovative property (predominantly research and development and new product development in financial services), and 34 percent on economic competencies (which comprises branding, employee training and organization improvement). Brazil's share of spending on economic competencies is markedly lower than that observed in the United States and the United Kingdom, and the analysis finds it to be the slowest growing of the major intangible categories. Finally, having extended the intangible investment estimation methodology to produce more disaggregated (industry-level) estimates, the authors show that intangible investment is positively correlated with recent export growth and total factor productivity estimates across manufacturing industries. This suggests that intangible or knowledge-based capital, as measured here, can account for part of the hitherto unexplained component of productivity growth.
Dollarization, Foreign Ownership, and Competition in the Banking Industry in Latin America

ABSTRACT We estimate the correlation of foreign bank penetration and dollarization with competition in the banking industry in sixteen Latin American countries during the period 1995–2008. We apply Boone’s methodology to compute the intensity of competition. Our results suggest that in countries with an initial low level of competition, foreign ownership tends to foster rivalry among banks, whereas the opposite is true in countries with an initial high level of competition. The adoption of dollarization or a currency board, which reduces transaction costs and facilitates financial integration, has a positive correlation with competition. This is the case for Ecuador, El Salvador, and Argentina.
Can advergames boost children's healthier eating habits? A comparison between healthy and non‐healthy food

The purpose of this paper is to provide a contribution towards increasing knowledge on how healthy food stimuli can improve eating behaviour, by making a comparison between advergames' food content effects on children's food choices, product liking and nutritional knowledge. A sample of 231 elementary-school-age children (7 and 8 years old) was randomly assigned to one of the following tasks: (i) playing the healthy advergame and (ii) playing the less healthy advergame. A post-treatment pictured questionnaire was used to assess children's behaviour in terms of immediate food choice, food liking and nutritional knowledge, following exposure to treatment. Results show that children tend to choose according to what was being advertised in the game. In terms of food liking, children who played the less healthy version of the game report a higher preference for some of the less healthy options. Regarding children's nutritional knowledge, no differences between groups were registered, indicating that children already have a solid understanding of what are ‘good’ and ‘bad’ foods for their health. Our findings are aligned with previous research on dual-process model: although children's nutritional knowledge is good, they might not employ it when selecting snacks. According to these results, legal, educational and management contributions should be employed: regulation should protect children from less healthy contents on advergames; schools may use digital games to promote healthier eating habits; enterprises can invest on this market opportunity (healthy food targeting children); and finally, social marketing can use advergames in order to reduce child obesity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Insect-Based Ex Vivo Blood Brain Barrier Efflux Assay

Drug efflux activity of ABC transporters, at the human blood brain barrier (BBB), constitutes a crucial challenge for central nervous system (CNS) drug development. Accordingly, early screening of CNS drug candidates is pivotal to sort out those whose brain uptake is substantially affected by efflux activity. In this context, affordable, simple, high-throughput and predictive screening models are required. It has recently been proposed that the grasshopper (locust) could be exploited as an ex-vivo model for drug BBB permeability assessment, as it has shown some similarities to vertebrate models. The p-glycoprotein (p-gp), encoded by the ABCB1 gene, is described as the most potent efflux pump that modulates drug brain disposition, so identification and characterization of such a transporter in the locust model is essential to demonstrate its utility and validity for drug development. The present work entails transcriptomic profiling followed by amino acid-based homology analysis of locust genes, in parallel to functional investigations using rhodamine 123 as a selective p-gp substrate. A protein with high sequence similarity to ABCB1 was found in the locust brain transcriptome, which indicates a conserved mechanism of brain efflux activity between insects and vertebrates. Functionally, the developed locust model showed a kinetic behavior comparable to those obtained from in vitro cell models such as the MDCKII cells expressing p-gp. Overall, the locust ex-vivo BBB model holds promise as a cheap model with a high-throughput screening potential in the early discovery phase of CNS drugs.
Rapid Meniscal Degeneration after Arthroscopic Saucerization for Discoid Lateral Meniscus without Tear : A Case Report

Cite this article: Hatayama K, Terauchia M (2017) Rapid Meniscal Degeneration after Arthroscopic Saucerization for Discoid Lateral Meniscus without Tear: A case Report. Ann Sports Med Res 4(2): 1105. *Corresponding author Kazuhisa Hatayama, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Gunma Central Hospital, 1-7-13 Koun, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0025, Japan, Tel: +81-27-221-8165; Fax: +8127-224-1415; Email:
Efficiency of toasted full fat soyabean utilization in broiler feeding

The partia l replacement of soybean meal by toasted fu l l fa t soybeans was studied for levels of 50% and 75% in protein equiva lence. The invest iga ted product was analyzed chemica lly and calorimetr ical ly with the classical methods. The b iolog ica l tes t was performed on a tota l o f 270 day-o ld Sena broi lers ass igned randomly to three experimental groups. The chicken were fed in two phases with i socaloric i soproteic d iets, 12.75 kJ GE/kg and 22.7% CP (1-28 days) and 12.75 kJ GE/kg and 20% CP during the second period. In E2 and E3 soybean meal was rep laced in proport ion o f 50 and 75% respect ively with toasted ful l fa t soybeans, wi th no addit ion of fat or an tioxidants. The resu lts show the fo l lowing chemical and calorimetric composi t ion o f the ful l fa t soybeans expressed in g/kg DM: 319 CP, 196 EE, 123 CF, 293 NFE and 23.02 kJ GE; the enzymatic ac tiv i ty was 0.13 mg N/g /min. a t 30 0 C. The production performance showed 1956±138 g body weigh t at 49 days for the 50% replacement group and 2062±117 g (75%) compared to 1960±17g (contro l ); the average daily ga ins were 39.08, 41.25 and 39.18 g respect ive ly. Feed convers ion ra tio was 1.89 kg/kg in group C and 2.03 (50%) and 2 (75%) respectively. In al l cases, the d i f ference i s not s igni f ican t , which y ields the conclusion tha t fu l l fa t soybeans are a good source of energy and
CHLAMYDIAL HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 60 AND CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN TUBAL FACTOR INFERTILITY

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of chlamydial 60 kDa heat shock protein (CHSP60) induced cell-mediated immune (CMI) response in women with tubal factor infertility (TFI). Chlamydia trachomatis is the major cause of sexually transmitted bacterial infections (STIs) worlwide. Most chlamydial infections are asymptomatic or show mild symptoms and are thus often left untreated. Reinfections with same or different serovars are common. The long-term consequences of recurrent or persistent chlamydial infections are severe leading to structural damage of the inflamed tissue. Chronic C. trachomatis infection in women has been linked with ectopic pregnancy and TFI. Animal models for chlamydial infections have shown that CD4+ Tcells are the key players both in resolution of and protection from chlamydial infection, but have been implicated also in the pathogenesis of the disease sequelae. Generation of pathologic changes in the fallopian tube tissue is mostly an unknown process but is thought to be due to repeated or persistent infections. In addition, a balance of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines, especially that of interferon-gamma (IFN) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) may have an important role during both primary and recurrent or persistent infection. We established C. trachomatis-specific T-lymphocyte lines (TLLs) and T-lymphocyte clones (TLCs) from the obstructed fallopian tube tissue specimens of infertile women (TFI) and from endometrial biopsies of patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease. CMI responses of isolated T-cells in response to chlamydial elementary body (EB) antigens and CHSP60 were measured using lymphocyte proliferation (LP) assay. Frequency of CHSP60-responding T-cells was determined. Production of pro-inflammatory (IFN) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines by the Chlamydia-specific TLLs and TLCs in response to recall antigens was determined. According to our results C. trachomatis-specific T-cells were frequently found in peripheral blood and in the inflamed fallopian tube tissue of TFI patients. One third of the T-cells derived from fallopian tube tissue specimens of TFI patients responded to CHSP60. We also found that CHSP60-specific T-cells produce IL-10 which may down-regulate appropriate IFN-mediated immune response needed for elimination of chlamydial infection. In addition, the CHSP60-specific CMI response was associated with HLA-DQA1*0102 and HLA-DQB1*0602 alleles and IL-10 – 1082 AA genotype in the TFI patients. Taken together, these data suggest that the etiopathogenesis of C. trachomatis-related TFI is associated with impaired CMI response caused by CHSP60-reactive T-cells. Larger clinical and population-based follow-up studies are warranted to further evaluate the role of specific HLA class II and IL-10 geno(haplo)types in association with CHSP60-reactive T-cells in the pathogenesis of
The Fig: Overview of an Ancient Fruit

Additional index words. Ficus carica, pollination biology, postharvestThe genus Ficus includes species rangingin number from 600 to more than 1900, withmost found in the tropics or subtropics andonly a handful with fruits considered edible(reviewed in Condit, 1969). The cultivatedfig, Ficus carica L. , (Moraceae), is clearly ofgreatest importance as a source of humanfood. The fig fruit has long been associatedwithhorticulture in the Mediterranean region(Zohary and Spiegel-Roy, 1975) and is con­sidered to have been"first brought into cul­tivation in southern Arabia" (Storey, 1975). Wild or "nearly wild" figs are reportedthroughout much of the Middle East andMediterranean region (De Candolle, 1886). Cultivated figs are reported to have becomeestablished across the
Compensation between Resolved Wave Driving and Parameterized Orographic Gravity Wave Driving of the Brewer-Dobson Circulation and Its Response to Climate Change

Following recent findings, the interaction between resolved (Rossby) wave drag and parameterized orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) is investigated, in terms of their driving of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC), in a comprehensive climate model. To this end, the parameter that effectively determines the strength of OGWD in present-day and doubled CO2 simulations is varied. The authors focus on the Northern Hemisphere during winter when the largest response of the BDC to climate change is predicted to occur. It is found that increases in OGWD are to a remarkable degree compensated by a reduction in midlatitude resolved wave drag, thereby reducing the impact of changes in OGWD on the BDC. This compensation is also found forthe responsetoclimatechange:changesin the OGWDcontributionto theBDC responsetoclimate change are compensated by opposite changes in the resolved wave drag contribution to the BDC response to climate change, thereby reducing the impact of changes in OGWD on the BDC response to climate change. By contrast, compensation does not occur at northern high latitudes, where resolved wave driving and the associateddownwellingincreasewithincreasingOGWD,bothforthepresent-dayclimateandtheresponseto climate change. These findings raise confidence in the credibility of climate model projections of the strengthened BDC.
Waves Generated by Recreational Traffic on the Upper Mississippi River System

Vessels of all sizes, from canoes to 15-barge tows, share the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS), and every vessel interacts with the river by means of its displacement, propulsion, and maneuvering. Barge tows cause moderate wave action, but this results in drawdown and return flow velocites, while large waves and high turbulence are caused by their propulsion systems. Small power boats tend to be fast and generate substantial wave trains, but their propellor jets are small. Larger cabin cruisers and towboats without barge convoys, generate the largest wave trains on the river, and propulsion wakes are proportional to their power. Up until now, very few research studies have been conducted in the specific area of waves generated by recreational traffic on the inland waterways of the nation. Recently a fairly comprehensive investigation was conducted to determine the character and nature of waves generated by recreational boats on the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. In this project, recreational boats of various sizes, shapes, and propulsions were used to conduct a series of controlled experiments in which the amplitudes, duration, and other wave-related parameters were recorded by a pair of electronic wave gages. Speeds and distances traveled by the recreational boats were varied to determine the characteristics of the waves generated by this type of river traffic. Then a series of wave data was collected for uncontrolled recreational boat movement from a reach of the Mississippi River. Analyses of these data have shown that mathematical regression-type relationships can be developed to predict the wave heights generated by recreational traffic on a typical waterway. Once verified, these relationships can be used for similar waterways in the country.
Efficiency of Conventional Versus Islamic Banks

Conventional and Islamic banks operate on different principles in maximizing the wealth of their shareholders and are subjected to the competitive regulatory environment. The cost, revenue, and profit efficiencies of Islamic banks and conventional banks are analyzed based on size, age, and region. The average and over-time efficiency for these banks are analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Financial Ratios. Overall cost and profit efficiencies are ascertained using the Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA). The findings suggest that there are no significant differences between the overall efficiency results of conventional and Islamic banks irrespective of the method of analysis. Based on the documented evidence on efficiency of conventional banks, these findings imply that the banking transactions compliant with the Shari’ah are not an impediment to efficiency of Islamic banks. However, there is a substantial avenue to further improve the cost, revenue and profit efficiencies in both the banking systems. Overall, the results on the efficiency of conventional and Islamic banks are consistent with the documented literature.
Impact of Structure Related Firm Characteristics on Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Nakuru, Kenya

Microfinance institutions are established to finance small enterprises, however they do not meet this. In spite of the importance of this sector, the provision and delivery of services has been below expectation. Literature suggests that structure related firm characteristics determine performance of microfinances but it is not clear to what extent. The objective of study was to examine the impact of structure related firm characteristics on the performance of the microfinance sector in Kenya. The study adopted correlational research design. A census was done on the 52 institutions registered with AMFI and operating in Nakuru. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. This was supplemented with secondary data. Data on firm characteristics and organizational performance was summarized using descriptive statistics. The relationship between structural firm characteristics and performance of MFIs was examined using correlation. The effect of structural firm characteristics on performance of microfinances was determined by regression analysis. Findings revealed that structural firm characteristics have a significant positive effect on performance of MFIs. It is recommended that practitioners address and nurture these characteristics to improve on performance of the sector.
Strategic Performance Measurement and Value Drivers: Evidence from International Tourist Hotels in an Emerging Economy

In recent years, since the hospitality industry and the number of international tourist hotels have grown rapidly in China, the issue of how to assess the service quality and performance of hotels became more important than ever. This study developed an integrated theoretical model to investigate the influence of the balanced scorecard (BSC) on the hospitality industry in China, and to examine the relationships among the performance perspectives. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to empirically examine the model. In the first stage, the LISREL model was employed to investigate the causality and associations among the performance measures of the balanced scorecard. In the second stage, a number of tourist development strategies and the strategy map of BSC were introduced. Current balanced scorecard literature suggests that there should be a linkage between non-financial performance perspectives and financial performance measures. This paper examined the descriptive validity of the balanced scorecard as a causal model of measures of non-financial and financial performance.
Tesla Turbine Experiment

Nikola Tesla invented this bladeless turbine (patented 1913) originally, which uses boundary layer effect to run and not impingement of fluid upon the blades as in conventional. There are number of discs sequentially mounted on a shaft and the fluid is made to flow in a tangential direction with considerable pressure onto the discs with the help of an efficient nozzle, then follows a spiral path towards the centre and exits axially. The discs rotate due to the basic properties of the fluid – viscosity and adhesion, as momentum is transferred via this forces and kinetic energy of fluid is converted into the rotational energy of the shaft. Many researchers have studied this concept and given various improvements with proofs basically into two ways – one suggesting modifying the design of various components involved while others to change the parameters involved. Here a model is made of Tesla turbine and effort is made to understand on how to increase the efficiency by experimenting on a few parameters.