Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Conserved Molecular Motor Drives Cell Invasion and Gliding Motility across Malaria Life Cycle Stages and Other Apicomplexan Parasites*

Apicomplexan parasites constitute one of the most significant groups of pathogens infecting humans and animals. The liver stage sporozoites of Plasmodium spp. and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis, respectively, use a unique mode of locomotion termed gliding motility to invade host cells and cross cell substrates. This amoeboid-like movement uses a parasite adhesin from the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) family and a set of proteins linking the extracellular adhesin, via an actin-myosin motor, to the inner membrane complex. The Plasmodium blood stage merozoite, however, does not exhibit gliding motility. Here we show that homologues of the key proteins that make up the motor complex, including the recently identified glideosome-associated proteins 45 and 50 (GAP40 and GAP50), are present in P. falciparum merozoites and appear to function in erythrocyte invasion. Furthermore, we identify a merozoite TRAP homologue, termed MTRAP, a micronemal protein that shares key features with TRAP, including a thrombospondin repeat domain, a putative rhomboid-protease cleavage site, and a cytoplasmic tail that, in vitro, binds the actin-binding protein aldolase. Analysis of other parasite genomes shows that the components of this motor complex are conserved across diverse Apicomplexan genera. Conservation of the motor complex suggests that a common molecular mechanism underlies all Apicomplexan motility, which, given its unique properties, highlights a number of novel targets for drug intervention to treat major diseases of humans and livestock.
Full length research paper IN VIVO AND TOXICITY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF NUACLEA DIDERICHII

The study shows that plants of the Nauclea family are a good source of phytomedicine for the treatment of malaria. The in vivo anti-malaria activity of the ethanol stem bark extract of Nauclea diderichii was evaluated in plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. Oral acute infection, prophylactic effect against residual infection and the mean survival time using chloroquine sensitive Pasmodium berghei berghei NK65 infected mice was carried out. The Oral median lethal dose of the extract in mice was determined to be about 3800mg kg body weight. The extract at doses of (100, 200 and 400 mg kgb.w.) produced significant (P< 0.05; P< 0.01), dose dependent activity against the parasites in the suppressive, curative and prophylactic tests. The results suggest that the ethanol stem bark fraction of N. diderichii may possess antiplasmodial activity and thus lends credence to its ethno medical, and its indigenous usage for the traditional preparation of antimalarial remedies.
Folded-cavity surface-emitting InGaAs-GaAs lasers with low-threshold current density and high efficiency

Folded-cavity surface-emitting InGaAs-GaAs lasers (FCSELs) that employ high-quality internal 45/spl deg/ deflectors are demonstrated with low-threshold current density and high efficiency. A simplified process involving a stop etch to position the surface emitting output mirror close to the waveguide and ion-beam-etching (IBE) to form the 45/spl deg/ deflecting mirror is presented. FCSELs (cavity length 800 /spl mu/m) with two 45/spl deg/ deflectors, are obtained with threshold current density as low as 112.5 A/cm/sup 2/ and surface-emission external quantum efficiency as high as 65% (0.82 W/A). The additional loss contributed by the folded-cavity design is estimated as 4.2 cm/sup -1/. <<ETX>>
Risk behaviors related to violence and injury among school-going adolescents in Karnataka, Southern India

Abstract Background: Adolescence is a crucial stage of life. The development and practice of various risk behaviors predisposes the risk of getting injured and consequences in later life. Study methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 adolescents (15–19 years) studying in different schools and colleges of Udupi. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), Center for Disease Control (CDC) Questionnaire and the Atlanta Questionnaire and Guidelines was adopted for data collection. Behaviors such as poor obeying traffic rules while driving, violence at school premises, and suicidal thoughts of the participants were explored. Univariate analysis followed by multivariate logistic regression was done to estimate the predictors of violence-related behavior using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 20. Results: In our study, 27.03% of students (total=381) had knowledge of traffic rules in detail, where 65% drove a motorized vehicle. Nearly 75% of students did not use a helmet or seatbelt while driving and 17% used a mobile phone for either talking or texting while driving. Considering all violence risk behaviors, 33.07% of students had at least and 18% had at least two violence-related risk behaviors. Nearly 21.78% thought of hitting somebody, 16.34% of boys and 9.5% of girls carried sharp objects to school, 18.81% of boys and 10.39% of girls damaged or stole other students’ property, 18.37% bullied others in the past month at the school campus, and 11.32% were involved in serious fights. Out of 381 students, 114 (30.32%) were bullied, 10% had been slapped intentionally, and 18% of girls felt unsafe to go out of their home because of threat compared with 15% of boys. In total, 71 (18.93%) students thought of suicide and 22 of them attempted it. Logistic regression showed that boys [odds ratio (OR): 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–2.93) and students of 16 years of age (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.06–9.02) affected or victimized by violent activities at school (OR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.76–5.93) and bullied by others (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.55–4.36) were determining factors for violence-related behaviors after adjusting for other variables. Conclusion: There is a need to identify students at risk and for intervention addressing the risk factors. Further qualitative studies could provide more insight.
A scheduling algorithm for conditional resource sharing-a hierarchical reduction approach

A new scheduling algorithm for dataflow graphs with nested conditional branches is presented. The algorithm employs a bottom-up approach to transform a dataflow graph with conditional branches into an "equivalent" one that has no conditional branches. A schedule is then obtained for the latter, using a conventional scheduling algorithm, from which a schedule for the former is derived. Our approach is particularly effective when there is a large number of nested conditional branches in a dataflow graph. >
Distribution in genome of Quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) for yield and yield-related traits in common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . )

A major objective of quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies is to find genes/markers that can be used in breeding programs via marker assisted selection (MAS). From an extensive review, we surveyed the distribution of QTL for yield and yield-related traits on wheat genome. In order to identify the important regions involving in these traits, QTL meta-analysis was performed. As a result, 55 MQTL were identified for these trait, of which 12 significant MQTL were located wheat chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2D, 3B, 4A, 4B, 4D and 5A. Our study showed the genetic control of yield and its components also involved the important genes such as the Rht and Vrn. Furthermore, several significant MQTL were found in the orthologous region corresponding to some important rice genes underlying QTL for yield related traits. Those results demonstrated that QTL meta-analysis was a potential tool for refining QTL position and could improve the MAS efficiency for wheat grain yield improvement in breeding program.
Molybdenum assimilation by cyanobacteria and phytoplankton in freshwater and salt water

We measured the uptake rate of molybdatc and related kinetic parameters for nine taxa of cyanobacteria and for the natural phytoplankton communities of six freshwater lakes containing planktonic Nz-fixing cyanobacteria. Molybdate uptake followed saturation kinetics and was competitively inhibited by both tungstate and sulfate. Tungstate inhibited molybdate uptake in a nearly mole-for-mole fashion; inhibition constants (K,) were in the same concentration range (lo-30 nM) as the half-saturation constants for molybdate uptake (K,,,). Sulfate also inhibited molybdate uptake, but this inhibition was much less specific. The K, for sulfate was in the mM range-three orders of magnitude above the K, for molybdate uptake. Despite these high K, values, however, sulfate can be an important inhibitor of molybdate uptake in many natural waters as sulfate concentrations are usually some 4-6 orders of magnitude greater than molybdate concentrations. At ambient sulfate and molybdate concentrations in most freshwater lakes, molybdate uptake would be inhibited by l-5% due to sulfate. In marine and estuarine systems this inhibition would be 15-20% and in some saline lakes could be > 70%.
Social learning theory of aggression.

The present invention is an earth boring device and more particularly a device for expanding a portion of a drilled hole to a greater diameter. The device of the present invention includes a body portion adapted to be attached to the end of, or inserted into, a drill string. A plurality of cutter blades are pivotally mounted upon and circumferentially spaced about the body. Fluid circulation means are provided to supply fluid outwardly along the cutting length of each blade. A mandrel is carried within the body in engagement with a lever arm portion of each blade whereby longitudinal movement of the mandrel pivots each blade from a closed to an opened position. In order to center the drill string in the non-expanded portion of the bore hole, a bearing guide means is provided on the drill string proximate to the expanding apparatus.
Limits on negative information in language input

ABSTRACT Hirsh-Pasek, Treiman & Schneiderman (1984). and Demetras, Post & Snow (1986). have recently suggested that certain types of parental repetitions and clarification questions may provide children with subtle cues to their grammatical errors. We further investigated this possibility by examining parental responses to inflectional over-regularizations and wh-question auxiliary-verb omission errors in the sets of transcripts from Adam, Eve and Sarah (Brown 1973). These errors were chosen because they are exemplars of overgeneralization, the type of mistake for which negative information is, in theory, most critically needed. Expansions and Clarification Questions occurred more often following ill-formed utterances in Adam's and Eve's input, but not in Sarah's. However, these corrective responses formed only a small proportion of all adult responses following Adam's and Eve's grammatical errors. Moreover, corrective responses appear to drop out of children's input while they continue to make overgeneralization errors. Whereas negative feedback may occasionally be available, in the light of these findings the contention that language input generally incorporates negative information appears to be unfounded.
IN-SITU STRESS AND FRACTURE CHARACTERIZATION FOR PLANNING OF AN EGS STIMULATION IN THE DESERT PEAK GEOTHERMAL FIELD, NEVADA

An integrated study of natural fracture geometry, fluid flow and stress was conducted in Desert Peak well 27-15 in preparation for development of an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) through hydraulic stimulation. This stimulation will be carried out at depths of ~3000 to 3500 ft in units comprised of silicified rhyolite tuffs and metamorphosed mudstones at ambient temperatures of ~180 to 195° C. Our previous analyses of borehole image logs from this well showed that the current minimum horizontal principal stress, Shmin, is oriented 114 ± 17o and that numerous fractures in the planned stimulation interval are optimally oriented for normal faulting. As an extension of this earlier work, a hydraulic fracturing stress measurement was conducted at the top of the intended stimulation interval and indicates that the magnitude of Shmin is 1995 ± 60 psi, which is ~0.61 of the calculated vertical (overburden) stress at this depth. This Shmin magnitude is somewhat higher than expected for frictional failure on optimally oriented normal faults under current reservoir pressures given typical laboratory measurements of sliding friction (Byerlee’s Law). However, Coulomb failure calculations using coefficients of friction derived from laboratory tests on representative core samples from a nearby well (Lutz et al., 2010) indicate that shear failure could be induced on well-oriented preexisting fractures in well 27-15 once fluid pressures are increased by several hundred psi above the ambient formation fluid pressure. This geomechanical model will be tested during hydraulic stimulation of well 27-15, which is intended to enhance formation permeability through selfpropping shear failure. If this stimulation is successful, then preferential activation of normal faults should generate a zone of enhanced permeability propagating to the SSW, in the direction of nearby geothermal injection and production wells, and to the NNE, into an unexploited portion of the field.
BMP type II receptor is required for gastrulation and early development of mouse embryos.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, play a variety of roles during mouse development. BMP type II receptor (BMPR-II) is a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor, which transduces signals for BMPs through heteromeric complexes with type I receptors, including activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2), ALK3/BMPR-IA, and ALK6/BMPR-IB. To elucidate the function of BMPR-II in mammalian development, we generated BMPR-II mutant mice by gene targeting. Homozygous mutant embryos were arrested at the egg cylinder stage and could not be recovered at 9.5 days postcoitum. Histological analysis revealed that homozygous mutant embryos failed to form organized structure and lacked mesoderm. The BMPR-II mutant embryos are morphologically very similar to the ALK3/BMPR-IA mutant embryos, suggesting that BMPR-II is important for transducing BMP signals during early mouse development. Moreover, the epiblast of the BMPR-II mutant embryo exhibited an undifferentiated character, although the expression of tissue-specific genes for the visceral endoderm was essentially normal. Our results suggest that the function of BMPR-II is essential for epiblast differentiation and mesoderm induction during early mouse development.
Trends of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma in the United States

In the United States, ovarian carcinoma remains the most deadly gynecologic malignancy, and approximately 14,000 deaths are projected from the disease in 2017 [1]. Ovarian carcinoma comprises various histologic subtypes based on the cell of origin, with serous carcinoma being the most common subtype. Serous ovarian carcinomas are commonly grouped into 2 types based on histologic characteristics (high-grade and low-grade) [2,3]. Mounting evidence has shown that low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) has distinct clinical and molecular differences from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) [4,5]. Unlike HGSOC, LGSOC is considered a rare tumor and has been understudied due to its low incidence. To date, there have been no population-based reports of LGSOC statistical trends. The objective of our study was to examine the temporal changes in the proportion of LGSOC among women with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Prognostic Factors in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate prognostic factors affecting survival of patients undergoing concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCL). Methods and materials: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 148 patients with advanced, inoperable stage III NSCLC, who were treated between 2007 and 2015. Results: The median survival was found to be 19 months and 3-year overall survival was 27%. Age (<65 vs ≥65 years, p=0.026), stage (IIIA vs IIIB, p=0.033), dose of radiotherapy (RT) (<60 vs ≥60 Gy, p=0.024) and treatment method (sequential chemotherapy+RT vs concurrent CRT, p=0.023) were found to be factors affecting survival in univariate analyses. Gender, histological subtype, weight loss during CRT, performance status, induction/consolidation chemotherapy and presence of comorbidities did not affect survival (p>0.050). Conclusion: Young age, stage IIIA, radiotherapy dose and concurrent chemoradiotherapy may positively affect survival in stage III NSCL cases.
Drag reduction in turbulent flows over superhydrophobic surfaces

In this paper, we demonstrate that periodic, micropatterned superhydrophobic surfaces, previously noted for their ability to provide laminar flow drag reduction, are capable of reducing drag in the turbulent flow regime. Superhydrophobic surfaces contain micro- or nanoscale hydrophobic features which can support a shear-free air-water interface between peaks in the surface topology. Particle image velocimetry and pressure drop measurements were used to observe significant slip velocities, shear stress, and pressure drop reductions corresponding to drag reductions approaching 50%. At a given Reynolds number, drag reduction is found to increase with increasing feature size and spacing, as in laminar flows. No observable drag reduction was noted in the laminar regime, consistent with previous experimental results for the channel geometry considered. The onset of drag reduction occurs at a critical Reynolds number where the viscous sublayer thickness approaches the scale of the superhydrophobic microfeatures .
Image-guided Control of Transgene Expression Based on Local Hyperthermia

Spatial and temporal control of transgene expression is one of the major prerequisites of efficient gene therapy. Recently, a noninvasive, physical approach has been presented based on local heat in combination with a heat-sensitive promoter. This strategy requires tight temperature control in vivo. Here, we use MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRI-FUS) with real-time feedback control on a whole-body clinical MRI system for a completely automatic execution of a predefined temperature-time trajectory in the focal point. Feasibility studies on expression control were carried out on subcutaneously implanted rat tumors. A stable modified C6 glioma cell line was used carrying a fused gene coding for thymidine kinase (TK) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of the human heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) promoter. In vitro studies showed strong induction of the TK-GFP gene expression upon heat shock under various conditions and localization of the protein product in the nucleus. In vivo tumors were subjected to a 3-min temperature elevation using MRI-FUS with a constant temperature, and were analysed 24 hr after the heat shock with respect to GFP fluorescence. Preliminary results showed strong local induction in regions heated above 40°C, and a good correspondence between temperature maps at the end of the heating period and elevated expression of TK-GFP.
Altered Immune Function in Space: Implications of a Gravity Sensitive Cytoskeleton

Future plans in space exploration have outlined missions to both asteroids and planets such as Mars. Extended spaceflight has long been associated with immunosuppressive effects. A growing body of evidence suggests that microgravity plays an important role in astronaut immune dysfunction through its interactions with the cytoskeleton. This review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of microgravity on both adaptive and innate immunity, while discussing the implications of cytoskeletal alterations in the search of a primary mechanism for gravity sensing. We conclude by addressing the need for more thorough investigation in order to fully understand the long-term consequences of cellular adaptation to low gravity conditions during extended spaceflight. Explorations |Biological Sciences Muscle atrophy and loss of bone density are among the topics best known by the public and scientists. However, serious concerns have been raised about impaired eyesight, psychological and physical stress, ionizing radiation, as well as latent viral reactivation and alterations to the immune system. The first immunologically relevant concerns were documented by the Apollo missions, which reported symptoms of “infectious illness” in 50% 60% of crewmembers (1). To minimize this health risk NASA implemented the Health Stabilization Program starting with the Apollo 14 mission. This program significantly reduced the frequency of symptoms by enforcing light quarantine on crewmembers prior to launch. A summary of post flight debriefs in 106 shuttle missions reports 29 incidents of infectious disease out of 742 The technical limitations of launch, navigation and safe landing are not the only obstacles for placing humans in orbit or on celestial bodies. Research on space-faring humans, cell cultures, and model organisms has shown that there are a great number of physiological changes that accompany this event. S the beginning of time humans have gazed unto the heavens with curiosity and awe. In ancient times the stars guided farmers to the seasons and sailors across oceans. More recently, we have been inspired to take the first steps in exploration of the final frontier. We have sent a rover to Mars, landed the Philae probe on an asteroid, and for the past 15 years, through international cooperation, have maintained the orbital research lab known as the International Space Station (ISS).
EXPLAINING TRAINING INDUCED PERFORMANCE INCREMENTS AND DECREMENTS WITHIN A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK OF PERCEPTUAL LEARNING

Abstract Practicing sensory tasks could result in two main perceptual outcomes. The first, and more widely documented, is perceptual learning referring to long-lasting improvement of perceptual thresholds. The second is perceptual deterioration, which is observed when the number of trials is increased within a training session or between closely spaced sessions. Recent results with visual texture discrimination show that these two processes inversely affect each other: decremental effects interfere with further learning, while efficient short practice results in a long-term learning effect in which performance decrements are practically eliminated. Further results show that sleep is necessary to preserve learning effects following short training and facilitates the decay of deterioration that normally results from extensive training. We suggest a theoretical link between perceptual deterioration and learning, assuming a system with saturating connectivity. Training strengthens task related connections, wi.
Study on Effect of Jumping Risk and Volatility Risk on TAIEX Option Return

Due to the low profits in recent years environmental, as well as the development of financial engineering that promote the derivatives trading volume increased. Moreover, the fastest-growing of selected right and the lack of research about option risk. This study aim to explore the relationship between the risk and reward of selected right in Taiwan index. This study focus on the pricing the jump risk of selected right in Taiwan index. Using cross-sectional data as a 12-month study period, using the iteration method to research the effects of abnormal returns, the result shows that different risk factors of fluctuations affected the abnormal returns obviously will cause risk premium as well as the jump risk which consistent with the theory of behavioral finance. However, according to traditional finance theory, contrary to the results of this study consider that higher risks should generate higher-paying as well. According this study, the investors in behavioral finance in modern financial theory is not rational, and the trading behavior is non-random, moreover, the financial market is non-efficiency. Instead, the high risk low reward.