Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermosonic ball bonding behavior and reliability study of Ag alloy wire

Recently Silver (Ag) wire has drawn attention to the packaging industry because of the bonding quality and long term reliability concerns with the Cu and Pd coated wire. Ag wire has low cost, high thermal and electrical conductivity as compared to Au while their mechanical properties such as hardness, elongation and breaking load are similar to Au. In the present study, free air ball (FAB) formation, bonding behavior and reliability of Ag alloy wire (Ag-Au-Pd) bonding was studied. The careful control of electronic flame off (EFO) current, time and gas flow rate leads to spherical FAB ball formation without defects. The Ag alloy wire delivers good and stable bonding capability using nitrogen as ambient gas. Both the bonded ball and stich bonding show good bond integrity. The reliability is determined by the high temperature storage life test (HTSL) test. Intermetallic compound (IMC) growth behavior during reliability test is characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer analyses (EDS). Two types of IMCs Ag2Al and Ag3Al were observed. The Ag alloy wire show floor life time of minimum 10 weeks based on bonded ball shape, workability and bondability test.
Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Neonatal Unit - An Experience of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Liton Chandra Saha1*, Md Mahbubul Hoque1 Dipak K Nag2 and MAK Azad Chowdhury1 1Department of Neonatal Medicine, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health, Bangladesh 2Department of Vitreo-Retina, National Institute of Ophthalmology & Hospital, Bangladesh Submission: January 23, 2017; Published: February 23, 2017 *Corresponding author: Dr. Liton Chandra Saha, Assistant professor, Department of Neonatal Medicine, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health (BICH), Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka1207, Bangladesh, Email:
Use of Covered Stents in the Central Vein: A Feasibility Study in a Canine Model

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of using covered stents vs. bare stents in a model of central vein stenosis with an arteriovenous graft created to mimic the conditions in hemodialysis patients. Methods In 7 mongrel dogs, an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered nitinol stent was placed in one common iliac vein and a bare stent was placed in the contralateral vein. Arteriovenous grafts were created bilaterally between the common femoral artery and vein to induce endothelial damage. Neointima formation in the covered stents was compared to the bare stents at 12 weeks using microscopy and histochemical staining. Results Two dogs were excluded due to thrombosis and infection of the arteriovenous grafts, but all stents in the remaining 5 dogs were patent. Smooth, complete neointimal coverage was observed on the inner surface of all the covered stents without intraluminal thrombus. In contrast, incomplete neointimal coverage was seen in all bare stents, with small focal thrombi adhering to the neointima on 3 bare stents. Focal nodular neointimal hyperplasia with denudation of the endothelium was observed in only 2 bare stents. Mean neointimal thickening was significantly greater in the covered stents. Eccentric neointimal thickening was observed at the inflow and outflow segments of both types of stents. Conclusion Covered stents are technically feasible for the treatment of central vein stenosis, and they demonstrate complete, smooth neointimal coverage in normal central veins, but they also display greater neointimal thickening than bare stents.
Do Firms with Unique Competencies for Rescuing Victims of Human Catastrophes Have Special Obligations? Corporate Responsibility and the Aids Catastrophe in Sub-Saharan Africa

Firms possessing a unique competency to rescue the victims of a human catastrophe have a minimum moral obligation to devote substantial resources toward best efforts to aid the victims. The minimum amount that firms should devote to rescue is the largest sum of their most recent year’s investment in social initiatives, their five-year trend, their industry’s average, or the national average. Financial exigency may justify a lower level of investment. Alternative social investments may be continued if they have an equally compelling rationale. These duties apply to the global pharmaceutical companies in the context of the AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa.
Limits to dark matter annihilation cross-section from a combined analysis of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT observations of dwarf satellite galaxies

We present the first joint analysis of gamma-ray data from the MAGIC Cherenkov telescopes and the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) to search for gamma-ray signals from dark matter annihilation in dwarf satellite galaxies. We combine 158 hours of Segue 1 observations with MAGIC with 6-year observations of 15 dwarf satellite galaxies by the Fermi-LAT. We obtain limits on the annihilation cross-section for dark matter particle masses between 10 GeV and 100 TeV—the widest mass range ever explored by a single gamma-ray analysis. These limits improve on previously published Fermi-LAT and MAGIC results by up to a factor of two at certain masses. Our new inclusive analysis approach is completely generic and can be used to perform a global, sensitivity-optimized dark matter search by combining data from present and future gamma-ray and neutrino detectors.
Isocaloric intake of a high‐fat diet promotes insulin resistance and inflammation in Wistar rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of isocaloric intake from a high‐fat diet (HFD) on insulin resistance and inflammation in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed on an HFD (n = 12) or control diet (n = 12) for 12 weeks. Subsequently, all animals were euthanized, and blood glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, C‐reactive protein, lipid profile, cytokines and hepatic‐enzyme activity were determined. Carcass chemical composition was also analyzed. During the first and the twelfth weeks of the experimental protocol, the oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed and demonstrated insulin resistance (P < 0.05) in the HFD group. Although food intake (g) was lower (P < 0.05) in the HFD group compared with the control group, the concentration of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, C‐reactive protein and liver weight were all significantly higher. The kinase inhibitor of κB, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and protein kinase B expressions were determined in the liver and skeletal muscle. After an insulin stimulus, the HFD group demonstrated decreased (P = 0.05) hepatic protein kinase B expression, whereas the kinase inhibitor of κB phospho/total ratio was elevated in the HFD muscle (P = 0.02). In conclusion, the isocaloric intake from the HFD induced insulin resistance, associated with impaired insulin signalling in the liver and an inflammatory response in the muscle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences in HCV‐specific T cell responses between chronic HCV infection and HIV/HCV co‐infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were investigated using a panel of 728 overlapping peptides spanning the whole HCV genome in 47 HCV mono‐infected and 26 HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals using the IFN‐γ ELISPOT assay and flow cytometry. The frequency of HCV‐specific T cell responses was similar (∼40%) in both groups, but the breadth of the T cell responses tended to be reduced in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals. Of interest, 23 new HCV‐derived epitopes were identified, and CD4+ HCV‐specific T cell responses were detected overall in a proportion similar to CD8+ T cell responses. A tendency towards a dominant CD8+ T cell response was associated with HIV/HCV co‐infection. HCV‐specific CD8+ T cells secreted both IL‐2 and IFN‐γ, although a reduction in the percentage of IL‐2/IFN‐γ‐secreting cells was observed in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals. The increase in CD4+ T cell counts after antiretroviral therapy in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals was not associated with restoration of HCV‐specific T cell responses. Altogether, these results provide new insights into the characterization of HCV‐specific T cell responses in HCV mono‐infected and HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals.
Flow interactions lead to orderly formations of flapping wings in forward flight

It has long been thought that birds and fish form into flocks and schools to take advantage of flows. It is now shown that flapping bodies not only move faster when grouped together but that the flows also help to arrange, or order, the members. This suggests that a school can be viewed as a ``swimming crystal'' of fish organized by flows.
Dependence of Self-Tolerance on TRAF6-Directed Development of Thymic Stroma

The microenvironments of the thymus are generated by thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and are essential for inducing immune self-tolerance or developing T cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the differentiation of TECs and thymic compartmentalization are not fully understood. Here we show that deficiency in the tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor (TRAF) 6 results in disorganized distribution of medullary TECs (mTECs) and the absence of mature mTECs. Engraftment of thymic stroma of TRAF6-/- embryos into athymic nude mice induced autoimmunity. Thus, TRAF6 directs the development of thymic stroma and represents a critical point of regulation for self-tolerance and autoimmunity.
Poly[bis(μ2-1,3-phenylenediamine-κ2 N:N′)di-μ-thiocyanato-κ2 N:S;κ2 S:N-cadmium]

The structure of the title polymeric compound, [Cd(SCN)2(C6H8N2)2]n, exhibits a two-dimensional staircase-like structure parallel to (010) in which the CdII atom lies on a twofold rotation axis and has a distorted octahedral CdS2N4 geometry involving four μ-1,3-(SCN) group donors and two N-atom donors from 1,3-phenylenediamine ligands, which also have twofold symmetry. The major contributions to the cohesion and the stability of this two-dimensional polymeric structure are the covalent Cd—S,N bonds and one weak intralayer N—H⋯S hydrogen bond.
Self-Statement Modification Techniques for Distressed College Students with Low Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptoms

Thirty students (73% female, M = 21 years) reporting significant distress, low self-esteem, and depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to three sessions of either: (a) restructuring of negative self-thoughts (via training and daily practice using the Thought Record) or (b) enhancement of positive self-statements (via fluency training and daily flashcard rehearsal). Both methods were associated with clinically significant improvement that persisted at follow-up. Using existing studies as benchmarks, this improvement met or exceeded that of related treatment conditions and clearly exceeded that of control conditions. Results suggest both disputation of negative and enhancement of positive self-thoughts can be beneficial.
Fostering the development of critical thinking skills, and reading comprehension of undergraduates using a Web 2.0 tool coupled with a learning system

A social annotation model learning system (SAM-LS) was created using multiple instructional strategies thereby supporting the student in improving in critical thinking, critical writing and related literacy. There are four mechanisms in which the SAM-LS methodology is believed to improve learning and performance. These mechanisms include providing relevant activities such as (1) examples, (2) practice, (3) reflection and (4) collaboration. The Social Annotation Model uses HyLighter, an online annotation system that amalgamates reading and writing, facilitates shared annotation practices and coalesces annotations from multiple reviewers. This article reports on three studies conducted using HyLighter. The purpose of the first study was to determine student perceptions on the benefits and weaknesses of the learning environment, using HyLighter, with a focus on peer critique. The findings indicated that users' experiences were positive and specifically the annotations and tags were useful in a peer critique activity. The second study was a nonexperimental comparative study that looked at students' ability to critically analyze information and reading comprehension using HyLighter in collaborative activities. Initial findings show that working in small collaborative groups may promote deeper thinking through peer interactions. The third study was to determine whether there was a change in reading comprehension, critical thinking and meta-cognition skills from the use of SAM-LS instructional strategies. Results indicate that HyLighter may help students in several areas including enhancing the students' ability to think critically.
Feelings of Belonging: An Exploratory Analysis of the Sociopolitical Involvement of Black, Latina, and Asian/Pacific Islander Sexual Minority Women

This article compares and contrasts the sociopolitical involvement of Black, Latina, and Asian/Pacific Islander American sexual minority women within lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities of color. For the analysis, a sample of over 1,200 women from the Social Justice Sexuality project was analyzed. Findings indicate that, for all groups of women, feelings of connectedness to the LGBT community was the most significant predictor of sociopolitical involvement within LGBT communities of color.
Ultrastructure of plasma cells containing Russell bodies in human stomach and thyroid

The fine structure is illustrated of plasma cells containing Russell bodies. The material is from chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates in human gastric mucosa and thyroid glands in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It is noted that the Russell bodies lie in distended cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and are easily distinguished from less electron-dense `secretory granules' covered by a smooth membrane that are situated in the Golgi complex.
The rise of placental mammals : origins and relationships of the Major Extant Clades

From shrews to blue whales, placental mammals are among the most diverse and successful vertebrates on the Earth. Arising sometime near the Late Cretaceous, this broad clade of mammals contains more than 1,000 genera and approximately 4,400 extant species. Although much studied, the origin and diversification of the placentals continue to be a source of debate. Paleontologists Kenneth D. Rose and J. David Archibald have assembled the world's leading authorities to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date evolutionary history of placental mammals. Focusing on anatomical evidence, the contributors present an unbiased scientific account of the initial radiation and ordinal relationships of placental mammals, representing both the consensus and significant minority viewpoints. This book will be invaluable to paleontologists, evolutionary biologists, mammalogists, and students. Contributors: J. David Archibald, San Diego State University; Robert J. Asher, Institut fur Systematische Zoologie; Jonathan I. Bloch, University of Michigan; Douglas M. Boyer, University of Michigan; Daryl P. Domning, Howard University; Eduardo Eizirik, National Cancer Institute; Robert J. Emry, Smithsonian Institution; Jorg Erfurt, Martin-Luther-University; John J. Flynn, The Field Museum; Timothy J. Gaudin, University of Tennessee; Emmanuel Gheerbrant, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Philip D. Gingerich, The University of Michigan; Patricia A. Holroyd, University of California, Berkeley; J. J. Hooker, The Natural History Museum; Leo F. Laporte, University of California, Santa Cruz; Jin Meng, American Museum of Natural History;William J. Murphy, National Cancer Institute; Jason C. Mussell, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Michael J. Novacek, American Museum of Natural History; Stephen J. O'Brien, National Cancer Institute; Kenneth D. Rose, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Guillermo W. Rougier, University of Louisville; Eric J. Sargis, Yale University; Mary T. Silcox, University of Winnipeg; Nancy B. Simmons, American Museum of Natural History; Mark S. Springer, University of California, Riverside; Gerhard Storch, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg; Pascal Tassy, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Jessica M. Theodor, Illinois State Museum; Gina D. Wesley, The University of Chicago; John R. Wible, Carnegie Museum of Natural History; Andre Wyss, University of California, Santa Barbara.
Fluoridated light-activated bonding resin adhesion to enamel and dentin: primary vs. permanent.

PURPOSE This study compared fluoridated bonding resin adhesion to primary enamel (Group 1), primary dentin (Group 2), permanent enamel (Group 3), and permanent dentin (Group 4). METHODS The buccal surfaces of 24 primary molars and 24 premolars were used. The bonding system and resin composite used in this study were Imperva Fluorobond and Lite-Fil IIA (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Effects of tooth surface conditioning by FB primer were observed using SEM (N = 2/group). Shear bond strengths (SBS) were tested, and the test surfaces of enamel, dentin, and resin specimens were observed using SEM (N = 10/group). Data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with subsequent post hoc Duncan's new multiple range test at P < 0.05. RESULTS Effects of tooth surface conditioning by FB primer were appropriate to dentin but low to enamel. Means and standard deviations of the SBS for each group were: Group 1 (16.34, 5.53 MPa), Group 2 (15.06, 7.02 MPa), Group 3 (14.39, 6.52 MPa) and Group 4 (15.45, 5.35 MPa). There was no significant difference of SBS among Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4. CONCLUSION Imperva Fluorobond system gave the same level of bond strength to primary enamel, primary dentin, permanent enamel, and permanent dentin.
Winter Tourist Segments in Austria: Identifying Stable Vacation Styles Using Bagged Clustering Techniques

Market segmentation is a very popular and broadly accepted way of increasing profitability. The number of reports published on a posteriori market segmentation studies has rapidly increased since Haley’s milestone publication on benefit segmentation in 1968. Nevertheless, it is common practice to use a single segmentation base only and to run a single calculation of a single algorithm, which dramatically increases the chance of building an entire marketing plan on a random solution of the algorithm chosen. The application presented constructs winter vacation styles based on guest survey data, avoiding both weaknesses mentioned before. Through the replicative framework provided by bagged clustering, potentially suboptimal random solutions are avoided. Independent partitioning of vacation activities and travel motives leads to more holistic segments. By looking for over and underrepresentation of all combinations of the behavioral and psychographic segmentation, vacation styles are identified and studied in detail.
Efficacy trial of a selective prevention program targeting both eating disorders and obesity among female college students: 1- and 2-year follow-up effects.

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effects of a prevention program targeting both eating disorders and obesity at 1- and 2-year follow-ups. METHOD Female college students at risk for these outcomes because of body image concerns (N = 398) were randomized to the Healthy Weight 2 group-based 4-hr prevention program, which promotes lasting healthy improvements to dietary intake and physical activity and nutrition science health behavior change principles, or an educational brochure control condition. RESULTS Intervention participants showed significantly less body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms and lower eating disorder onset through 2-year follow-up versus controls, but the former 2 effects were small. There were no main effects for body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms, dieting, caloric intake, physical activity, or obesity onset. Moderator analyses revealed stronger eating disorder symptom effects for youths with initially elevated symptoms and lower pressure to be thin, stronger BMI effects for youths with initially elevated symptoms and BMI scores, and weaker eating disorder symptom effects for youths with initially elevated pressure to be thin. CONCLUSIONS The 60% reduction in eating disorder onset over the 2-year follow-up was clinically significant and a novel effect for a prevention program, but the main effects on continuous outcomes were small, suggesting that adding nutrition science principles weakened the intervention efficacy. Effects on both eating disorder symptoms and BMI were greater for those with elevated eating disorder symptoms and BMI at pretest, implying that it might be useful to target these individuals in future trials.
The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas

The authors argue that anti-density zoning increases Black residential segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas by reducing the quantity of affordable housing in White jurisdictions. Drawing on census data and local regulatory indicators compiled by Pendall, the authors estimate a series of regression models to measure the effect of maximum density zoning on Black segregation. Results estimated using ordinary least squares indicate a strong and significant cross-sectional relationship between low-density zoning and racial segregation, even after controlling for other zoning policies and a variety of metropolitan characteristics, a relationship that persists under two-stage least squares estimation. Both estimation strategies also suggest that anti-density zoning inhibits desegregation over time.
Perception du vieillissement, état de santé et environnement socio-démographique d'un groupe de personnes âgées (Marrakech, Maroc)

Les resultats du present travail proviennent d'une enquete transversale qui a ete menee aupres de 205 marocains âges de 60 ans et plus de la ville de Marrakech dans le but d'analyser la perception a l'egard du vieillissement et l'etat de sante subjective. La perception du vieillissement semble fortement associee a l'activite socioprofessionnelle et a la morbidite. Ce sont les personnes inactives au moment de l'enquete qui ont exprime une perception negative a l'egard de la vieillesse, soit 28,9% des sans professions, 24,0% des retraites contre 7,6% des actifs. Donc, le passage de la vie active a la retraite pourrait contribuer a la degradation de la sante psychologique de l'individu. De meme, 27,5% des personnes ayant declare atteint de maladies chroniques se percoivent negativement contre 5,7% des non malades. Quant a la sante subjective, nous avons releve une correlation positive avec l'etat de sante reelle de l'individu. Parmi les personnes declarees souffrir de maladies chroniques 55,1% se sentent en mauvaise sante contre 44,9%. La diminution de l'activite de la personne âgee et la degradation de sa sante avec l'âge pourrait rendre sa vie quotidienne difficile et entrainer par consequence des perceptions negatives a l'egard de la vieillesse et de l'etat de sante subjective.
Approximate Bayesian Model Selection with the Deviance Statistic

Bayesian model selection poses two main challenges: the specification of parameter priors for all models, and the computation of the resulting Bayes factors between models. There is now a large literature on automatic and objective parameter priors in the linear model. One important class are g-priors, which were recently extended from linear to generalized linear models (GLMs). We show that the resulting Bayes factors can be approximated by test-based Bayes factors (Johnson [Scand. J. Stat. 35 (2008) 354–368]) using the deviance statistics of the models. To estimate the hyperparameter g, we propose empirical and fully Bayes approaches and link the former to minimum Bayes factors and shrinkage estimates from the literature. Furthermore, we describe how to approximate the corresponding posterior distribution of the regression coefficients based on the standard GLM output. We illustrate the approach with the development of a clinical prediction model for 30-day survival in the GUSTO-I trial using logistic regression.