Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of an Interdisciplinary Early Intervention for Patients with Low Levels of Responsiveness Following an Acquired Brain Injury

There is a scarcity of research investigating interdisciplinary early rehabilitation intervention models for people with low levels of responsiveness following acquired brain injury. This is particularly problematic for service models in acute hospital settings where early rehabilitation of such patients may be assigned a low priority in comparison to other competing demands. This pilot study investigated the feasibility of implementing an interdisciplinary early rehabilitation intervention in an acute neurosciences ward within existing staffing, and describes clinical changes among intervention participants. A prospective longitudinal study, with a matched historical control (individually matched by Glasgow Coma Scale) was undertaken. Prospective intervention participants (n = 13) received up to twice-weekly interdisciplinary intervention in addition to usual care. Matched historical controls (n = 13) received only usual care. Implementing an interdisciplinary early intervention proved feasible in this acute care setting. Significant improvement (alpha = .05) among the patients receiving the interdisciplinary intervention was observed across all clinical outcomes, including: Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, Glasgow Coma Scale, Mental Status Questionnaire, Royal Brisbane Hospital Outcome Measure for Swallowing, selected subtests of the Functional Independence Measure, Acquired Brain Injury Physiotherapy Assessment and the Clinical Outcomes Variable Scale. A future randomised clinical trial is warranted.
Designing and conducting health surveys : a comprehensive guide

Figures, Tables, and Exhibits. Foreword by Steven B. Cohen. Preface. The Authors. 1. Thinking About Topics for Health Surveys. 2. Matching the Survey Design to Survey Objectives. 3. Defining and Clarifying the Survey Variables. 4. Thinking Through the Relationships Between Variables. 5. Choosing the Methods of Data Collection. 6. Deciding Who Will Be in the Sample. 7. Deciding How Many Will Be in the Sample. 8. General Principles for Formulating Questions. 9. Formulating Questions About Health. 10. Formulating Questions About Demographics and Behavior. 11. Formulating Questions About Knowledge and Attitudes. 12. Guidelines for Formatting the Questionnaire. 13. Monitoring and Carrying Out the Survey. 14. Preparing the Data for Analysis. 15. Planning and Implementing the Analysis of the Data. 16. Writing the Research Report. Resource A: Personal Interview Survey: UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS-2)-End-Decade Study. Resource B: Telephone Interview Survey: California Health Interview Survey (CHIS)-2001. Resource C: Mail Questionnaire Survey: National Dental Malpractice Survey. Resource D: Selected Sources on Health Surveys. Resource E: Selected Examples of Health Surveys. References. Name Index. Subject Index.
The regional impacts of climate change : an assessment of vulnerability

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was jointly established by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme in 1988 to assess the scientific and technical literature on climate change, the potential impacts of changes in climate, and options for adaption to and mitigation of climate change. Since its inception, the IPCC has produced a series of Assessment Reports, Special Reports, Technical Papers, methodologies and other products which have become standard works of reference, widely used by policymakers, scientists and other experts. This Special Report, which has been produced by Working Group II of the IPCC, builds on the Working Group's contribution to the Second Assessment Report (SAR), and incorporates more recent information made available since mid-1995. It has been prepared in response to a request from the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It addresses an important question posed by the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC, namely, the degree to which human conditions and the natural environment are vulnerable to the potential effects of climate change. The report establishes a common base of information regarding the potential costs and benefits of climatic change, including the evaluation of uncertainties, to help the COP determine what adaptation and mitigation measures might be justified. The report consists of vulnerability assessments for 10 regions that comprise the Earth's entire land surface and adjoining coastal seas: Africa, Arid Western Asia (including the Middle East), Australasia, Europe, Latin America, North America, the Polar Regions (The Arctic and the Antarctic), Small Island States, Temperate Asia and Tropical Asia. It also includes several annexes that provide information about climate observations, climate projections, vegetation distribution projections and socioeconomic trends.
Effects of PAM on select normal and cancerous epithelial cells

The effects of plasma activated media, PAM, on cells are mediated by the short and long lived species that are generated at the plasma-liquid interface and that diffuse into the liquid bulk and induce secondary reactions which in turn produce new long lived species such as hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. In this paper, in order to investigate the potential selectivity of PAM, its effects on the viability of a normal, non-cancerous epithelial cells as well as two cancerous epithelial cell lines are reported. Non-cancerous MDCK (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney) cells, SCaBER (from a bladder squamous cell carcinoma), and Caco-2 (from a human colon tissue with colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells were used. It was found that there is an optimum dose of PAM to suppress viability of cancer cells significantly while inducing minimum damage to normal cells.
Teacher Knowledge Manifestation of Integrated Science Teachers in Zimbabwe

This study explored the teacher knowledge manifestation of Integrated Science (IS) teachers who have specialised in Chemistry, Biology or Physics during their pre-service teacher education. 60 experienced Integrated Science teachers responded to an ‘Integrated Science Teacher Knowledge’ questionnaire which embraced different dimensions of teacher knowledge. The results of the study indicate that the IS teachers have a common set of knowledge, skills, and dispositions that are, in their professional opinion, needed and in some instances, would enable them to teach IS. The research participants had considerable knowledge as well as clear views about what it meant for them to be IS teachers. It however should be noted that there was a marked variance in the perception of the three cohorts of teachers towards teaching through Practical Work, importance of pre-service teacher education specialisation towards teaching IS and knowledge of students’ culture. This study provides contextual inputs to effective IS teacher education re-alignment informed by the IS teacher practitioners, those with the craft knowledge of the contextual environment of the IS classrooms.
Electrical fatalities in Ankara over 11 years

Electrical injuries are still responsible for significant morbidity and mortality; however, they are generally preventable with simple safety measures. This study Abstracts to determine the general features of electrical fatalities, and to draw attention of health professionals towards such preventable deaths. Materials and methods: A retrospective evaluation of records of electrocution-related deaths in Ankara, Turkey, was conducted over 11 years (1998-2008). Results: Out of 12,263 autopsy cases, 100 (0.8%) were secondary to electrocution. Most of the victims were male (n = 94; 94%) while only 6 were female. Victims’ age ranged from 1 year to 76 years, with a mean age of 33.5 years. Entry lesions were localized on the upper extremities in the majority of cases (n = 74; 74%). However, no electrical lesions were found in 3 cases. Of all cases, 71 (71%) occurred as occupational accidents, mostly seen in workplaces. There was an increase in electrical fatalities in the summer (n = 58, 58%). Accompanying traumatic lesions were detected in 30 (30%) cases. All of the deaths were recorded as accidental except for one suicidal death. Conclusion: The overwhelming majority of electrical fatalities were occupational-related, which were mostly preventable. Proper installation and maintenance of electrical devices will help to tackle electrical injuries at home and in the workplace. Additionally, educational programs for workers and employers should be provided and public and occupational safety measures should be promoted by the authorities.
EFFECTS OF ACUTE FATIGUE OF THE TIBIALIS ANTERIOR DUE TO A WEIGHT-BEARING MUSCLE ACTIVITY ON THE ANKLE JOINT POSITION SENSE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS

Background: Joint position sense (JPS) is comprised of sensory input from several sources, including skin, joint capsule/ligaments, and muscular receptors. If the muscle receptors play a leading role in detecting joint position awareness, then muscle fatigue might yield a declination in JPS. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a sustained fatiguing contraction of the tibialis anterior (ankle dorsiflexor) could alter the ankle JPS. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 40 healthy subjects (age, 23.9±2.3 years; height, 172.6±5.7 cm; weight, 67.8±4.7 kg) were recruited. Subjects were asked to recognize 2 pre-recognized positions (10° in dorsiflexion (DF) and 21° in plantarflexion (PF)) for 2 experimental conditions: normal and fatigued. Muscular fatigue was induced in the tibialis anterior of the dominant leg by using an isometric test. The average of the absolute angular error (AAE) deviations from the target positions of three trials were recorded as scores for both fatigue and non-fatigue conditions. Results: There was significant decrease in subjects’ abilities to recognize active and passive repositioning of their ankle after a fatigue protocol (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The acuity of the ankle JPS is reduced subsequent to a fatigue protocol.
Helping vulnerable young people make a successful transfer to secondary school : an evaluation of the effectiveness of a nurture group approach

This study describes and evaluates an approach to supporting children at risk of failure to succeed as they transfer to secondary school. The Year 7 intervention project was based on knowledge and evidence from previous research into approaches and concerns regarding secondary school transfer and the historical use of nurture groups in schools. Secondary school transfer has long been identified as a time of risk for vulnerable children in the education system. In 1969 Nisbett and Entwistle concluded from a five year study that over 50% of students presented with identifiable problems in adjusting to secondary school, and in 2006 Atkinson was able to obtain children’s perspectives of the difficulties they faced at transfer. A project was negotiated to provide a support mechanism, based upon a nurture group model, for transfer within one maintained secondary school. This aimed to enable children identified as vulnerable by their primary schools, to access a small group setting for part of their time in Year 7 within which were opportunities for a range of experiences based upon nurture principles, in addition to support for the mainstream-based curriculum. The intervention was evaluated using both academic progress and analysis of subjective accounts of the children and involved school staff and parents, to provide evidence of the impact of this provision upon ten students participating in this intervention. Findings indicated that all involved staff, students and parents considered the intervention worthwhile and beneficial. Most students made progress throughout Year 7, not demonstrating the statistical ‘dip’ that has previously, consistently been evidenced nationally. Whilst the results were promising, this was a small scale study based in one school and there was not a control group against which to compare student progress within the school. There is also the possibility of confirmation bias due to the expectations of staff, and of the “Hawthorne effect” of the novelty of the intervention.
Regulating Innate and Adaptive Immunity for Controlling SIV Infection by 25-Hydroxycholesterol

Persistent inflammation and extensive immune activation have been associated with HIV-1/SIV pathogenesis. Previously, we reported that cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and its metabolite 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) had a broad antiviral activity in inhibiting Zika, Ebola, and HIV-1 infection. However, the underlying immunological mechanism of CH25H and 25-HC in inhibiting viral infection remains poorly understood. We report here that 25-HC effectively regulates immune responses for controlling viral infection. CH25H expression was interferon-dependent and induced by SIV infection in monkey-derived macrophages and PBMC cells, and 25-HC inhibited SIV infection both in permissive cell lines and primary monkey lymphocytes. 25-HC also strongly inhibited bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation and restricted mitogen-stimulated proliferation in primary monkey lymphocytes. Strikingly, 25-HC promoted SIV-specific IFN-γ-producing cellular responses, but selectively suppressed proinflammatory CD4+ T lymphocytes secreting IL-2 and TNF-α cytokines in vaccinated mice. In addition, 25-HC had no significant immunosuppressive effects on cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes or antibody-producing B lymphocytes. Collectively, 25-HC modulated both innate and adaptive immune responses toward inhibiting HIV/SIV infection. This study provides insights into improving vaccination and immunotherapy regimes against HIV-1 infection.
Cross-sectional study estimating prevalence of maxillary sinus septum in South Indian population

Maxillary sinus septum is an anatomical variation in the maxillary sinus. Sinus septum is also an important anatomical structure that complicates sinus lift procedure. Aim of the Study : This study evaluated the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa in the edentulous and dentate maxilla using digital orthopantomogram. Materials and Method: This study was based on the analysis of digital orthopantomogram images for posterior maxilla that were obtained from patients who visited a Private Hospital. A retrospective analysis of 921 pairs of nonpathological maxillary sinuses was done. Patients who had pathological findings were excluded from the study. Results: Sinus septum was present in 217 (23.6%) of the 921 pair of maxillary sinuses. Totally, 704 (76.4%) patients did not have maxillary sinus septum. Also, out of 527 male patients, 125 patients had the septum and out of 394 female patients, 92 patients had sinus septum. Conclusion: This study gives an idea about the prevalence of sinus septum that would help a surgeon prevent a few possible complications during sinus lifting
Circadian adaptation in offshore shift workers returning to day life at home

Previous research has shown that subjects working 12h shift schedules (18.00-06.00h) offshore for 2 weeks adapt to the night shift. However, if adaptation occurs, shift workers will be out of synchrony when they return home to day life with consequent problems of poor night sleep and reduced daytime alertness. A total of 17 subjects working two shift schedules were studied offshore; 18.00-06.00h and 19.00-07.00h 2-3 weeks night of shift. Differences were observed in circadian adaptation to the night shift, and this was reflected by differences in sleep duration and quality that was observed between the two groups. Sleep appeared to be worse in those working 19.00-07.00h compared to the 18.00-06.00h shift schedule. These differences between the two shift schedules may be due to differences in morning light exposure countering circadian adaptation to night shift work. This project investigated the effect of light treatment to hasten circadian adaptation in offshore shift workers by determining circadian status (using the timing of the rhythm of urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin) and sleep (by actigraphy and sleep diaries). Light was administered with a portable light box (Litebook®). After completion of their night shift (day 1) subjects wore specialised sunglasses until 13.00h. On day 2 subjects wore sunglasses until 13.00h and then received light treatment for 1 h. For the following 3 days the sunglasses and light treatment were scheduled an hour earlier each day. The light regimen was timed to phase advance the melatonin rhythm. The findings effectively demonstrated the importance of appropriately timed bright light to hasten circadian adaptation upon returning home onshore. A significance difference (p<0.05) in actigraphic sleep duration onshore was observed when comparing the no light treatment leg against the light treatment leg. In conclusion, light treatment appropriately timed can be beneficial to aid circadian adaptation after working a night shift.
Teaching Learning Strategies to Language Students.

An instructional module designed to help prepare college-level teaching assistants (TAs) for their duties in second language instruction is presented. The module focuses on how learning strategies can help students become better language learners, and on methods for sharing the secrets of good language learning with students. Less effective learners can learn how to improve their performance by using appropriate learning strategies. An introductory section summarizes the research basis and rationale for teaching learning strategies to language students. A list of teachable language learning strategies and their definitions follows. A framework and instructional principles for implementing instruction in learning strategies is presented, including sample learning strategy activities that can be adapted for any language. The concluding section summarizes major points and provides suggestions for additional reading. Contains 31 references. (MSE) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Teaching Learning Strategies to Language Students Anna Uhl Chamot 4z, The George Washington University one of a series of modules for the Professional Preparation of Teaching Assistants in Foreign Languages Grace Stovall Burkart, Editor Center for Applied Linguistics Washington, DC
Design and Performance of Adaptive Antenna System in LTE 3GPP Transceivers Based Fourier Signals in ITU Channels

3G LTE is next generation step in mobile communications with the promise of peak download rates of at least 100 Mbit/s and upload rates 50 Mbit/s. The evolved version of Long Term Evolution is LTE-Advanced which is being developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE-Advanced will meet or go beyond the requirements of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for the fourth generation (4G) radio communication standard. In this paper, we investigate the performance of Adaptive Antenna System in the LTE 3GPP Transceivers. Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) has been developed to adaptively correct antenna impedance mismatch for the LTE 3GPP Transceivers. (AAS) has been deployed at the receiver module to reduce the fading effects caused by proposed channels model. (AAS) uses various beamforming techniques to focus the wireless beam between the base station and the subscriber station. In this work, the transmitter (SS) and receiver (BS) are fixed and AAS installed at the receiver is used to direct the main beam towards the desired LOS signal and nulls to the multipath signals. Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm is used. It has been proved through MATLAB simulations that the performance of the system significantly improves by AAS in International Telecommunication Union (ITU) channels , where beamforming is implemented in the direction of desired user. The performance of the system more increases by increasing the number of antennas at receiver. Keywords: OFDM, LTE 3GPP, LMS, ITU, AAS.
A System for Labeling Self-Repairs in Speech

Abstract : This document outlines a system for labeling self-repairs in spontaneous speech. The system marks the location and extent of a repair, as well as relevant words in the region of the repair. Together these labels determine the relationship between the "error" and the hypothesized "correction. " The system is designed to be able to capture distinctions among different repair patterns while remaining easy to learn, apply, and integrate into existing transcription formats. Although the system was originally developed to aid our research on automatic detection and correction of repairs, we hope that it may also prove useful for annotation of spontaneous speech data in related fields. By "self-repairs" we refer to cases in which one or more words (or word fragments) must be disregarded in determining a speaker's "intended" utterance. Although one can never be sure exactly what a speaker intends, listeners can often reliably make such judgments.
Insomnia and Its Correlates: Current Concepts, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Future Remarks

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. People suffering from insomnia generally report not only sleep-related symptoms such as difficulty initiating, maintaining, obtaining sufficient restorative sleep, but also experience various daytime impairment reflective of sleep deficits (Buysse, 2008; Riemann et al., 2011). The generic term “insomnia” as a diagnostic entity is defined as a complaint of sleep problems coupled with impairment of daytime functioning, including reduced alertness, fatigue, exhaustion, dysphoria and other symptoms. The complaints have to endure for at least 4 weeks to be diagnosed as insomnia, according to the current diagnostic classification manual (Abe & Mishima, 2008).
Single snapshot spatial processing: optimized and constrained

We introduce spatial processing: optimized and constrained (SPOC). It is a new front-end display processing method that operates on array sensor data as an alternative to conventional or adaptive beamforming. The output of our approach is computed on a single-snapshot basis so that no stationarity assumptions are required. We use a maximum a posteriori approach to develop a constrained optimization solution. A parametric representation provides the framework for the presented solution. Some degrees of freedom are fixed by the constraint, and the rest remain free to optimize the cost function. We develop an iterative solution in terms of the free parameters. This method provides significantly improved resolution over conventional beamforming. Two simulated cases demonstrate algorithm performance.
HARDINESS EDUCATION NEEDS AFTER AIDS PARENTAL LOSS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY IN NIGERIA

Inseparability of human life and stress calls for increasing need for practical coping strategies to ease life’s unforeseen contingencies. Loss due to AIDS carries unique ramifications that complicates coping and thus challenge historical models of bereavement. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to ninety percent of AIDS orphans and Nigeria contributes almost 2.5 million of these orphans. Providing care and support for them constitute continuing challenge to healthcare delivery system. The study recruited six unsupported AIDS orphaned youths between the ages of 18-24 years purposively and collected data through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using Coliazzi seven steps of analysis to derive themes. Main themes relating to hardiness were presented and discussed in relation to the hardiness theoretical framework. The findings of the study reveals that opportunity for hardiness education exists in the participants and this should be taken advantage of by health professionals and educators alike.