Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomalous quantum criticality in the electron-doped cuprates

Significance Understanding the normal state in superconducting cuprates is crucial to the understanding of origin of the superconductivity. It has been conjectured that many properties of the cuprates arise from proximity to a quantum critical doping. Here, by measuring the low-temperature normal-state thermopower in n-type La2−xCexCuO4, we observe a quantum critical S/T versus ln(1/T) behavior over an unexpectedly wide doping range x = 0.15 − 0.17. Above a Fermi surface reconstruction at x = 0.14, the slope of S/T scales with TC, suggesting a link between the critical fluctuations and the superconductivity. In contrast to other quantum critical systems, the presence of quantum criticality over an extended doping range provides a clue to the connection between quantum criticality and superconductivity. In the physics of condensed matter, quantum critical phenomena and unconventional superconductivity are two major themes. In electron-doped cuprates, the low critical field (HC2) allows one to study the putative quantum critical point (QCP) at low temperature and to understand its connection to the long-standing problem of the origin of the high-TC superconductivity. Here we present measurements of the low-temperature normal-state thermopower (S) of the electron-doped cuprate superconductor La2−xCexCuO4 (LCCO) from x = 0.11–0.19. We observe quantum critical S/T versus ln(1/T) behavior over an unexpectedly wide doping range x = 0.15–0.17 above the QCP (x = 0.14), with a slope that scales monotonically with the superconducting transition temperature (TC with H = 0). The presence of quantum criticality over a wide doping range provides a window on the criticality. The thermopower behavior also suggests that the critical fluctuations are linked with TC. Above the superconductivity dome, at x = 0.19, a conventional Fermi-liquid S∝T behavior is found for T≤ 40 K.
AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION OF NUMERICAL TIDAL MODELS

Numerical models for the simulation of tidal waves in estuaries have "become a standard tool of coastal engineers. Before they can he applied to practical problems, they have to be calibrated against nature. The basis for calibration is normally a representative set of tidal curves (natural field data), which has to be reproduced by the numerical model. Generally, the calibration is performed by empirically tuning certain parameters, until a fairly good agreement between measured and calculated quantities is obtained. In most cases, this is a "trial-and error" process which may become very time-consuming, and which strongly depends on the intuition and experience of the user. In order to make the process of calibration more effective, and to ensure that the best possible agreement between nature and numerical model is achieved, a calibration method has been developed to determine the parameters of the numerical model automatically by means of a mathematical method of optimization. The method is applied to a one-dimensional numerical model of the Elbe River.
Compiling a bidirectional dictionary bridging English and the Sotho languages: a viability study

Abstract: The aim of this article is to investigate the viability of the compilation of a single bidirectional dictionary with a single lemma list for the Sesotho sa Leboa, Setswana and Sesotho ? English side and a simultaneous treatment of the three Sotho languages in the articles of the English lemmas in the English ? Sesotho sa Leboa, Setswana and Sesotho side of the dictionary. Specific attention will be given to selected macrostructural and microstructural aspects of such a compilation. Keywords: SOTHO LANGUAGES, NGUNI LANGUAGES, BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES, COMMUNICATIVE EQUIVALENCE, CORPORA, USER PERSPECTIVE Opsomming: Die samestelling van 'n tweerigtingwoordeboek wat Engels en die Sothotale oorbrug: 'n Lewensvatbaarheidstudie. Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die lewensvatbaarheid van die samestelling van 'n enkele tweerigtingwoordeboek met 'n enkele lemmalys vir die Sesotho sa Leboa, Setswana en Sesotho ? Engelse kant en 'n gelyktydige bewerking van die drie Sothotale in die artikels van die Engelse lemmas in die Engels ? Sesotho sa Leboa, Setswana en Sesotho kant van die woordeboek te ondersoek. Besondere aandag sal aan geselekteerde makrostrukturele en mikrostrukturele aspekte van so 'n samestelling gegee word. Sleutelwoorde: SOTHOTALE, NGUNITALE, TWEETALIGE WOORDEBOEKE, KOMMUNIKATIEWE EKWIVALENSIE, KORPUSSE, GEBRUIKERSPERSPEKTIEF
Short tandem repeat (STR) based genetic diversity and relationship of indigenous Niger cattle

Abstract. The diversity of cattle in Niger is predominantly represented by three indigenous breeds: Zebu Arabe, Zebu Bororo and Kuri. This study aimed at characterizing the genetic diversity and relationship of Niger cattle breeds using short tandem repeat (STR) marker variations. A total of 105 cattle from all three breeds were genotyped at 27 STR loci. High levels of allelic and gene diversity were observed with an overall mean of 8.7 and 0.724 respectively. The mean inbreeding estimate within breeds was found to be moderate with 0.024, 0.043 and 0.044 in Zebu Arabe, Zebu Bororo and Kuri cattle respectively. The global F statistics showed low genetic differentiation among Niger cattle with about 2.6 % of total variation being attributed to between-breed differences. Neighbor-joining tree derived from pairwise allele sharing distance revealed Zebu Arabe and Kuri clustering together while Zebu Bororo appeared to be relatively distinct from the other two breeds. High levels of admixture were evident from the distribution of pairwise inter-individual allele sharing distances that showed individuals across populations being more related than individuals within populations. Individuals were assigned to their respective source populations based on STR genotypes, and the percent correct assignment of Zebu Bororo (87.5 to 93.8 %) was consistently higher than Zebu Arabe (59.3 to 70.4 %) and Kuri (80.0 to 83.3 %) cattle. The qualitative and quantitative tests for mutation drift equilibrium revealed absence of genetic bottleneck events in Niger cattle in the recent past. High genetic diversity and poor genetic structure among indigenous cattle breeds of Niger might be due to historic zebu–taurine admixture and ongoing breeding practices in the region. The results of the present study are expected to help in formulating effective strategies for conservation and genetic improvement of indigenous Niger cattle breeds.
Measurement of stubble cultivator draught force under different soil conditions.

Knowledge of the energy demands of the machines for soil tillage is a useful factor for machinery design as well as farm management. It was decided to measure the draught force necessary for the operation of the stubble cultivator Ecoland 4000 from BEDNAR FMT Co. The measuring set was composed as follows: pull tractor John Deere 8220 pulled by a rod in which the load cell was placed, another tractor John Deere 8345R. A cultivator type Ecoland 4000 (4 m working width) was mounted on the second pulled tractor. Measurements were carried out on two different soil types (light sandy and loamy) at operational speeds 6, 8 and 10 km h -1 and at two different adjusted depths of loosening. The soil physical properties were characterized by cone index measurements which were measured with a penetrometer PN-10 with cone angle 30° and area 100 mm 2 . The results showed an about 30% increase in the draught force at work in clayey soil in comparison to sandy soil. Different quality of tillage was also observed on different soil types.
The association of interleukin-6 gene with obesity in patients with coronary artery disease

Results. Development of obesity in patients with coronary artery disease has been connected with G gene (odds ratio = 1.58, 95 % confidence interval = [1.12–2.24], χ2 = 6.9; р < 0.05) and G/G genotype (odd ratio = 1.98, 95 % confidence interval = [1.25–3.16], χ2 = 8.4; р < 0.05) polymorphic locus of C-174G of interleukin-6 gene. The genotype G/G was reliably more frequent in patients with coronary artery disease and stage III of obesity by 15.26 % and 8.45 %, than in patients with the accompanying I and II stages of obesity (р < 0.05). In it’s turn, C/G genotype in patients with coronary artery disease and the III stage of obesity occurred 11.21 % less, than in patients with the I stages of obesity (р < 0.05). Allele C, G and genotype C/C had unreliable distribution in patients with coronary artery disease depending on obesity degree (р < 0.05).
The requirements of the caregivers of patients hospitalized in intensive care units

Background: Following the hospitalization of a family member in the ICU, new needs are created in the family members, and if these requirements are not met, a lot of stress and anxiety is created in the members and reduces their ability to adapt to the crisis. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the needs of caregivers of hospitalized patients in special educational centers of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 333 families of patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) of Hamedans educational-therapeutic centers were selected through convenience sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire for demographic information and a 45-item questionnaire on the needs of the patients in the ICU (CCFNI) in five dimensions (support, comfort, information, proximity, and confidence), which was scored by Likert Scale and Total Score of the questionnaire is between 1 and 180. The questionnaires were completed by caregivers (spouse, child, grandchild, parents, brother or sister, bride, or groom). Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software and using descriptive and analytical statistics (Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and regression). Results: The mean score of the questionnaire of health providers needs was 134.33 ± 16.43 and the caregivers felt the most important need for the patients family in terms of support (44.5 ± 62.89), and then, the highest scores were, respectively, obtained by the dimensions, information (27.3 ± 64.53), reliability (24.3 ± 33.75), proximity (21.3 ± 18.12), and comfort (17.58 ± 2.83). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation in measuring the dimensions of a questionnaire with the demographic and social characteristics between income status and comfort (P = 0.003), the status of education with the confidence (P = 0.002) and support (P = 0.034), type of illness (P = 0.042), and support (P = 0.05). Conclusion: One of the main responsibilities of the health system, along with patient care, is to pay attention and support the family members of the patients, which leads to their satisfaction and the advancement of family-oriented care.
Ownership Concentration and Governance in the U.S. Insurance Industry

Concentration in the U.S. insurance industry’s market shares and ownership, coupled with a network interlocking ownership relationships by institutional investors, raise social concerns. Studying the relationship between Tobin’s q and corporate governance features of the industry, we fail to find support for the incentive alignment or entrenchment hypotheses, but our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that controlling owners may couple with others to expropriate private value from minority shareholders. An interesting observation from the study is the degree to which family control is prevalent in the industry; combining family control and institutional ownership makes most stock insurers closely held.
Trust, Accreditation, and Philanthropy in the Netherlands

Given the increasing numbers of scandals, the awareness among fund-raisers that the public’s trust is crucial for the nonprofit sector is growing. This study investigates the relationship between trust and charitable giving. Charitable organizations can increase the public’s trust by signaling their trustworthiness. The example of the Netherlands shows how a system of accreditation can be an instrument for signaling trustworthiness to the public. Donors aware of the accreditation system have more trust in charities than those who are not aware, and they give more money to charitable causes. Charitable organizations have only limited control over the public’s trust because it is also rooted in a general social trust in institutions and fellow citizens. It was shown that general social trust increases the amount people give to charitable causes, even more so when people know about the accreditation system. Finally, the conditions for introducing an accreditation system are discussed.
How Far We Should Go with Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection on the Controlateral Side in Unifocal Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the evolution of patients with unifocal lateral wall MIBC (muscle invasive bladder cancer) after cystectomy with PLND (pelvic lymph node disection) at the Urology Clinic in Tirgu Mures, and to determine tumor stage and lymph node status before and after radical cystectomy with PLND. Methods. This is a prospective study, conducted between 1 August 2012 to 31 July 2014 at Urology Clinic, with a median follow-up of 14 months (range 7-25). Inclusion criteria were: patients undergone cystectomy with PLND, and unifocal MIBC on the lateral wall of the bladder; exclusion criteria were: multiple bladder tumor, other location and clinical T stage > 3. Results. Forteen patients met the inclusion criteria, median age was 61 (range 55-72), 85.71 % were male. An increase in T3 patients was noticed from 1 to 5 cases, we noticed a decrease of N0 lymph nodes from 78.6% to 57.1% postoperatively and on the controlateral side the kappa coefficient between the preoperatively and postoperatively negative lymph nodes was 0.63. On the tumor side the most common location for positive lymph nodes was external iliac with 3 nodes (21.4 %) and obturator fossa with 4 nodes (28.6 %) and on the contralateral side 2 positive nodes (14.3 %, obturator fossa, external, internal and common iliac nodes). Conclusions. In unifocal bladder tumors, located on the lateral wall, PLND could be an alternative with comparable results with extended PLND especially in T1 and T2 patients associated with N0 before and after surgery.
AMPHIBIAN ASEMBLAGE OF BUBU PERMANENT FOREST RESERVE, PERAK, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

A brief study of the amphibian fauna of Bubu Permanent Forest Reserve, Perak, which constitutes the southernmost part of the Bintang Hijau Forest Reserve, was carried out from 18 to 21 December 2006 to determine the diversity and density estimate of amphibian species in the area. Field parties comprising seven persons searched and collected amphibians from a small stream, the Dal River, in Compartments 6 and 7 of the Bubu Permanent Forest Reserve, from 2000 hrs to 2300 hrs for three consecutive nights. A total of 79 individual frogs from 13 species in five families were recorded. The five most abundant species were Hyalarana nicobariensis, H. labialis, Pedostibes hosii, Phrynoides aspera and Amolops larutensis. Six other species were considered rare, namely, Limnonectes doriae, H. picturata, Odorrana hosii, Polypedates leucomystax and Rhacophorus bimaculatus. Preliminary analysis of the data showed that the estimated populations of H. nicobariensis, H. labialis and P. hosii are 23, 13 and 10 individuals per 100 meters of river length, respectively. Due to the brief nature of the study, and the small area covered, the number of species is considered relatively moderate. More than 95% of frogs collected are forest species that require clean and pollution-free habitats to survive. This shows that the Dal River is a pristine river flowing from the Gunung Bubu range. It originated from a virgin jungle, hence it has clear waters with a minimum amount of pollution and disturbance. We hope that the relevant authorities will preserve it as it is for the benefit of future generations and more importantly, for the continued survival of the amphibian fauna.
Two-dimensional multi-component photometric decomposition of CALIFA galaxies

We present a two-dimensional multi-component photometric decomposition of 404 galaxies from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area data release 3 (CALIFA-DR3). They represent all possible galaxies with no clear signs of interaction and not strongly inclined in the final CALIFA data release. Galaxies are modelled in the g, r, and i Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images including, when appropriate, a nuclear point source, bulge, bar, and an exponential or broken disc component. We use a human-supervised approach to determine the optimal number of structures to be included in the fit. The dataset, including the photometric parameters of the CALIFA sample, is released together with statistical errors and a visual analysis of the quality of each fit. The analysis of the photometric components reveals a clear segregation of the structural composition of galaxies with stellar mass. At high masses (log (M-*/M-circle dot) > 11), the galaxy population is dominated by galaxies modelled with a single Sersic or a bulge+disc with a bulge-to-total (B/T) luminosity ratio B/T > 0.2. At intermediate masses (9.5 < log (M-*/M-circle dot) < 11), galaxies described with bulge+disc but B/T < 0.2 are preponderant, whereas, at the low mass end (log (M-*/M-circle dot) < 9.5), the prevailing population is constituted by galaxies modelled with either pure discs or nuclear point sources+discs (i.e., no discernible bulge). We obtain that 57% of the volume corrected sample of disc galaxies in the CALIFA sample host a bar. This bar fraction shows a significant drop with increasing galaxy mass in the range 9.5 < log (M-*/M-circle dot) < 11.5. The analyses of the extended multi-component radial profile result in a volume-corrected distribution of 62%, 28%, and 10% for the so-called Type I (pure exponential), Type II (down-bending), and Type III (up-bending) disc profiles, respectively. These fractions are in discordance with previous findings. We argue that the different methodologies used to detect the breaks are the main cause for these differences.
Probing large intraplate earthquakes at the west flank of the Andes

Estimating the potential for the occurrence of large earthquakes on slow-slip-rate faults in continental interiors, away from plate boundaries, is possible only if the long-term geological record of past events is available. However, our knowledge of strong earthquakes appears to be incomplete for thrust faults flanking large actively growing mountain ranges, such as those surrounding Tibet and the Andes Mountains. We present a paleoseismic study of a prominent fault scarp at the west flank of the Andes in Santiago, Chile. The evidence demonstrates recur rent faulting with displacement of ~5 m in each event. With two large earthquake ruptures within the past 17–19 k.y. , and the last event occurring ~8 k.y. ago, the fault appears to be ripe for another large earthquake (moment magnitude, M w 7.5). These results emphasize the potential danger of intraplate continental faults, particularly those associated with youthful mountain fronts.
Attractor dynamics in local neuronal networks

Patterns of synaptic connectivity in various regions of the brain are characterized by the presence of synaptic motifs, defined as unidirectional and bidirectional synaptic contacts that follow a particular configuration and link together small groups of neurons. Recent computational work proposes that a relay network (two populations communicating via a third, relay population of neurons) can generate precise patterns of neural synchronization. Here, we employ two distinct models of neuronal dynamics and show that simulated neural circuits designed in this way are caught in a global attractor of activity that prevents neurons from modulating their response on the basis of incoming stimuli. To circumvent the emergence of a fixed global attractor, we propose a mechanism of selective gain inhibition that promotes flexible responses to external stimuli. We suggest that local neuronal circuits may employ this mechanism to generate precise patterns of neural synchronization whose transient nature delimits the occurrence of a brief stimulus.
Physico-chemical properties of instant Kheer mix

Proprietes physicochimiques de melange instantane de Kheer. Certains desserts traditionnels indiens a base de cereales sont composes d'un melange sucre et cuit de lait partiellement concentre et de farine de riz. Ces produits ont cependant une duree de vie limitee qui ne permet pas leur exploitation commerciale sur le marche. Dans le but d'obtenir un produit stable, il a ete transforme en une poudre apte a la reconstitution a l'aide d'un equipement pilote de sechage par atomisation avec un lit fluidise integre et un systeme de recyclage des fines vers la chambre de sechage. Le procede a implique la standardisation du lait de bufflesse suivie d'une concentration sous vide, l'addition de farine de riz broye et d'une partie du sucre, le pre-chauffage du melange pour gelifier l'amidon et finalement le sechage par atomisation (tour de sechage: temperature d'air d'entree 170 °C et d'air de sortie 86 °C; lit fluidise: temperature d'air d'entree 88 °C et temperature d'air de sortie 80 °C). La poudre etait ensuite melangee a sec avec le sucre en poudre. Le melange instantane de kheer ainsi obtenu etait analyse pour ses proprietes physicochimiques. Immediatement apres preparation, la poudre avait une bonne fluidite (angle de repos 40,09°) et des masses volumiques en vrac et tassee relativement elevees (0,69 g.cm -3 et 0,81 g.cm -3 respectivement) correspondant a une masse volumique particulaire de 1,25 g.cm -3 , une teneur en air inclus de 6,63 cm 3 . 100 g -1 , une teneur en air interstitiel de 45,00 cm 3 . 100 g -1 et une porosite de 44,80 %. Elle avait un index de solubilite de 4,00 mL, une mouillabilite de 2,00 min et une dispersibilite de 75,38 %.
Computational tools for solving a marginal problem with applications in Bell non-locality and causal modeling

Marginal problems naturally arise in a variety of different fields: basically, the question is whether some marginal/partial information is compatible with a joint probability distribution. To this aim, the characterization of marginal sets via quantifier elimination and polyhedral projection algorithms is of primal importance. In this work, before considering specific problems, we review polyhedral projection algorithms with focus on applications in information theory, and, alongside known algorithms, we also present a newly developed geometric algorithm which walks along the face lattice of the polyhedron in the projection space. One important application of this is in the field of quantum non-locality, where marginal problems arise in the computation of Bell inequalities. We apply the discussed algorithms to discover many tight entropic Bell inequalities of the tripartite Bell scenario as well as more complex networks arising in the field of causal inference. Finally, we analyze the usefulness of these inequalities as nonlocality witnesses by searching for violating quantum states.
On Real Options and Information Costs

This paper presents a simple framework for the use of traditional capital budgeting models and the valuation of several real options in the presence of shadow costs of incomplete information. Information costs can be viewed as sunk costs in the spirit of Merton’s (1987) model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete information. We incorporate these sunk costs in standard discounted cash flow techniques and present the basic concepts of real options. The justification of information costs in real projects is based on the observation that R&D needs to be done before investment decisions. These costs account for all the expenses needed to get informed about an investment opportunity and the management of projects. This analysis extends the models in Bellalah (1999, 2001) for the valuation of real options within information uncertainty. We present valuation models and simulations for the values of common real options in the presence of shadow costs of incomplete information.