Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language Before and After Temporal Lobectomy: Specificity of Acute Changes and Relation to Early Risk Factors

Summary: We evaluated language functions in 154 patients with left hemisphere speech dominance undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Measures of phonemic and semantic fluency, confrontation naming, repetition, comprehension, and reading were administered before and 3 weeks postoperatively. Patients were grouped by focus (left, LT; right, RT) and presence of early risk factors for development of seizures (ER, early risk, 5 years; NER, no early risk): (LT‐ER, n = 45; RT‐ER, n = 49; LT‐NER, n = 27; RT‐NER, n = 33). Preoperatively, the LT group showed a selective naming deficit as compared with the RT group. Postoperatively only the LTNER group showed significant overall decline in language. For this group, the change was attributable to a selective decline in naming as compared with other functions. These data indicate that there is a specific risk to naming after dominant ATL for adult temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with a left hemisphere focus and the absence of an early risk factor for the development of seizures.
High lncRNA H19 expression as prognostic indicator: data mining in female cancers and polling analysis in non-female cancers

Upregulation of lncRNA H19 expression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in some cancers. However, the prognostic value of H19 in female-specific cancers has remained uncharacterized. In this study, the prognostic power of high H19 expression in female cancer patients from the TCGA datasets was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox's proportional hazard modeling. In addition, in a meta-analysis of non-female cancer patients from TCGA datasets and 12 independent studies, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)/relapse-free survival (RFS)/metastasis-free survival (MFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) were pooled to assess the prognostic value of high H19 expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with uterine corpus cancer and higher H19 expression had a shorter OS (HR=2.710, p<0.05), while females with cervical cancer and increased H19 expression had a shorter RFS (HR=2.261, p<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high H19 expression could independently predict a poorer prognosis in cervical cancer patients (HR=4.099, p<0.05). In the meta-analysis, patients with high H19 expression showed a poorer outcome in non-female cancer (p<0.05). These results suggest that high lncRNA H19 expression is predictive of an unfavorable prognosis in two female cancers (uterine corpus endometrioid cancer and cervical cancer) as well as in non-female cancer patients.
Nigral inhibitory termination on efferent neurons of the superior colliculus: An intracellular horseradish peroxidase study in the cat

Intracellularly recorded responses of deeper tectal neurons to stimulation of the substantia nigra and the cerebral peduncle were obtained to demonstrate the monosynaptic inhibitory nature of the nigrotectal pathway in the cat. We also employed antidromic stimulation (contralateral predorsal bundle and superior colliculus) and intracellular labeling with HRP to demonstrate which types of tectal efferent neurons are nigrorecipient. The response to nigral stimulation in 61% of the cells studied was a monosynaptic IPSP of short duration. Recovered HRP‐labeled nigrorecipient neurons include X1 (large multipolar radiating), X2 (tufted), X4 (mediumsize vertical), X5 (mediumsize horizontal), T1 (mediumsize trapezoid radiating), T2 (small ovoid vertical), I (small sparsely ramified), and A (small horizontal) neurons. Nigrorecipient cells participate in all four of the major efferent axonal systems of the deeper tectal layers: crossed descending (X and T neurons), ipsilateral descending (I and T neurons), ascending (A, X, and T neurons), and commissural (T neurons). EPSPs accompanied by long‐lasting hyperpolarizing potentials were recorded from the remaining tectal neurons in response to stimulation of the substantia nigra, cerebral peduncle, and pericruciate cortex. Collision experiments indicate that at least part of the excitatory responses of tectal neurons to nigral and penduncular stimulation are mediated by corticotectal fibers traversing the cerebral peduncle and the substantia nigra. Excitatory effects of nigral, peduncular, and cortical stimulation were disclosed in X neurons including the non‐nigrorecipient large vertical neurons of the X3 subgroup. Cortical excitatory and nigral inhibitory inputs converge only on X neurons (X1, X2, X4, X5). In this case, nigrally evoked IPSPs were preceded by a brief EPSP. Collectively, these results demonstrate the inhibitory termination of tne nigrotectal pathway on a wide variety of deeper tectal efferent neurons. Such findings imply the versatility of the nigral involvement in tectal mechanisms of gaze control. We suggest that the substantia nigra pars reticulata contacts tectal neurons differing as to their response properties and shapes the signal carried by all the major tectofugal bundles.
Local Warming

Although people are quite aware of global warming, their beliefs about it may be malleable; specifically, their beliefs may be constructed in response to questions about global warming. Beliefs may reflect irrelevant but salient information, such as the current day’s temperature. This replacement of a more complex, less easily accessed judgment with a simple, more accessible one is known as attribute substitution. In three studies, we asked residents of the United States and Australia to report their opinions about global warming and whether the temperature on the day of the study was warmer or cooler than usual. Respondents who thought that day was warmer than usual believed more in and had greater concern about global warming than did respondents who thought that day was colder than usual. They also donated more money to a global-warming charity if they thought that day seemed warmer than usual. We used instrumental variable regression to rule out some alternative explanations.
Mobilization and rejection of Individual Ready Reserve personnel in Operations Desert Shield/Storm at a U.S. Army Quartermaster post.

The individual Ready Reserve (IRR) is an important component of the U.S. Army's total combat force. After Operations Desert Shield/Storm, we investigated the mobilization of soldiers with combat service support specialties from the IRR to a quartermaster training post. In the initial 2 weeks of activation prior to assignment and deployment, the soldiers went through medical and administrative screening, and general and specialized military training. During this period, a sizable portion (one-quarter) of IRR troops who reported to duty were rejected for a variety of reasons (overweight, inadequate dependent arrangements, etc.) and did not remain on active duty. Potential changes to the policies that led to these rejections are discussed.
Loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 1p and 16q is an adverse prognostic factor in favorable-histology Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group.

PURPOSE To determine if tumor-specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for chromosomes 1p or 16q is associated with a poorer prognosis for children with favorable-histology (FH) Wilms tumor entered on the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS-5). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between August 1995 and June 2002, 2,021 previously untreated children with FH or anaplastic Wilms tumor, clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) or malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK), were treated with stage- and histology-specific therapy. Their tumors were assayed for LOH for polymorphic DNA markers on chromosomes 1p and 16q. ResultsLOH for 1p or 16q was rarely observed in CCSK (n = 90) or RTK (n = 22). The relative risk (RR) of relapse for patients with FH stage I to IV tumors with LOH, stratified by stage, was 1.56 for LOH 1p (P = .01) and 1.49 for LOH 16q (P = .01), whereas the RR of death was 1.84 (P = .03) and 1.44 (P = .15), respectively. When the effects of LOH for both regions were considered jointly among patients with stage I to II FH disease, the risks of relapse and death were increased for LOH 1p only (RR = 2.2, P = .02 for relapse; RR = 4.0, P = .02 for death), for LOH 16q only (RR = 1.9, P = .01 and RR = 1.4, P = .60) and for LOH for both regions (RR = 2.9, P = .001 and RR = 4.3, P = .01) in comparison with patients with LOH at neither locus. The risks of relapse and death for patients with stage III to IV FH tumors were increased only with LOH for both regions (RR = 2.4, P = .01 and RR = 2.7, P = .04). CONCLUSION Tumor-specific LOH for both chromosomes 1p and 16q identifies a subset of FH Wilms tumor patients who have a significantly increased risk of relapse and death. LOH for these chromosomal regions can now be used as an independent prognostic factor together with disease stage to target intensity of treatment to risk of treatment failure.
Effect of several penetration enhancers on the percutaneous absorption of indomethacin in hairless rats.

In order to measure the effect of several penetration enhancers on the percutaneous absorption of drugs and to classify the enhancers into several categories in terms of the mode and mechanism of action, in vitro permeation experiments with a model drug, indomethacin, from aquenous, ethanolic and binary solvent systems were carried out by using excised hairless rat abdominal skin and a 2-chamber diffusion cell at 37°C. Among the enhancers used in the present experiments, Azone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropylmyristate, diethylsebacate, diethylmethylbenzamide, methylpyrrolidone and salicyclic acid enhanced the skin permeation of indomethacin, whereas urea, pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid and sodium hyaluronate did not as compared with the same solvent system without enhancer. These results suggest that the lipophilicity of enhancers may be an important factor for the penetration-enhancing effect on the skin permeation of indomethacin. It is also suggested that the effect of methylpyrrolidone is dependent upon the kind of solvent system; higher water content resulted in a lower effect.Further experiments to clarify the mechanism of action were done with pyrrolidones and salicylates, since it has already been reported that other enhancers such as Azone and DMSO might mainly affect the lipid in skin. Pyrrolidones had an in vitro moisturizing effect on keratin tablets and an in vivo skin-moisturizing effect. They affected the dissolution of keratin powder. On the other hand, salicylates dissloved and softened keratin powder, but they had no effect on the skin moisturizing. These results suggest that pyrrolidones and salicylates affect the keratin cells in the stratum corneum to enhance skin permeability, although the mechanism of action is different between the two groups.
Equivalence of a random intersection graph and G(n,p)

We solve the conjecture of Fill, Scheinerman and Singer‐Cohen (Random Struct Algorithms 16 (2000), 156–176) and show equivalence of sharp threshold functions of a random intersection graph ${\cal g}$(n,m,p) with m ≥ n3 and a graph G(n,p̂) with independent edges. Moreover we prove sharper equivalence results under some additional assumptions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2011
Transferable model for chromosome architecture

Significance Chromatin consists of DNA and hundreds of proteins that interact with the genetic material. In vivo, chromatin folds into nonrandom structures. The physical mechanism leading to these characteristic conformations, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we introduce a model that generates chromosome conformations by using the idea that chromatin can be subdivided into types based on its biochemical interactions. Chromatin types, which are distinct from DNA sequence, are partially epigenetically controlled and change during cell differentiation, thus constituting a link between epigenetics, chromosomal organization, and cell development. The degree of accuracy achieved by this model supports the viability of the proposed physical mechanism of chromatin folding and makes the computational model a powerful tool for future investigations. In vivo, the human genome folds into a characteristic ensemble of 3D structures. The mechanism driving the folding process remains unknown. We report a theoretical model for chromatin (Minimal Chromatin Model) that explains the folding of interphase chromosomes and generates chromosome conformations consistent with experimental data. The energy landscape of the model was derived by using the maximum entropy principle and relies on two experimentally derived inputs: a classification of loci into chromatin types and a catalog of the positions of chromatin loops. First, we trained our energy function using the Hi-C contact map of chromosome 10 from human GM12878 lymphoblastoid cells. Then, we used the model to perform molecular dynamics simulations producing an ensemble of 3D structures for all GM12878 autosomes. Finally, we used these 3D structures to generate contact maps. We found that simulated contact maps closely agree with experimental results for all GM12878 autosomes. The ensemble of structures resulting from these simulations exhibited unknotted chromosomes, phase separation of chromatin types, and a tendency for open chromatin to lie at the periphery of chromosome territories.
Reference Curve for the First-Year Growth Response to Growth Hormone Treatment in Prepubertal Children with Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency: Validation of the KIGS First-Year Growth Response Curve Using the Belgian Register for the Study of Growth and Puberty Problems

Background: Comparing observed and expected growth after first-year growth hormone (GH) therapy is useful for identifying a poor growth response to GH. Aim: To generate a first-year, age-specific growth response reference curve for prepubertal Belgian children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (iGHD) treated with a standard weight-adjusted GH dose and to compare this national reference with the response references derived from KIGS. Subjects and Methods: First-year height data of 357 prepubertal children (240 males) with iGHD were analyzed. Smooth reference curves of first-year height velocity (HV) in relation to age were created. Differences with the KIGS targets were evaluated after z-score transformation. Results: The observed first-year HVs were log-normal distributed by age and decreased significantly with age (p < 0.001). No GH dose or gender effect was observed (p = 0.5). Distance to target height, severity of GHD and occurrence of multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies had a positive effect (p < 0.01) on the calculated HV SDS. When applying the KIGS targets for severe iGHD, mean HV SDS was close to zero (-0.09 ± 0.84). Conclusion: The developed age-specific growth response curves enable rapid identification of poor response to first-year GH treatment in prepubertal iGHD children. Our results validate the published growth targets derived from the KIGS database.
Personality Characteristics of Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Substance Use Disorders

We examined temperament and character profiles of 128 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants completed the abbreviated Temperament and Character Inventory. The ASD and ADHD groups showed distinct temperament profiles (ADHD: high novelty seeking, ASD: low reward dependence, high harm avoidance) and low character scores in both groups. We then stratified ASD and ADHD into current substance use disorder (SUD+), former (SUDˆ), or no history of Substance Use Disorder (SUD−). Novelty seeking and reward dependence were only significantly lower for ASD/SUD−, but normal for ASD/SUDˆ and ASD/SUD+ subgroups. Persistence scores were highest in both SUDˆ subgroups. We concluded that temperament profiles of ASD and ADHD patients differ significantly, and are similar to profiles reported in earlier studies, but appear to depend on the SUD status. Surprisingly, normal social orientation is found in ASD patients with former or current SUD. High persistence scores characterize patients who overcome SUD.
The role of tropical deep convective clouds on temperature, water vapor, and dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL)

Abstract. Temperature and water vapor variations due to clouds in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are investigated using co-located MLS, CALIPSO, and CloudSat data. Convective cooling occurs only up to the cloud tops, with warming above these heights in the TTL. Water vapor and ozone anomalies above the cloud tops are consistent with the warming being due to downward motion. Thicker clouds are associated with larger anomalies. Environmental water vapor below cloud tops can be either higher or lower than when clouds are absent, depending on the cloud top height. The critical factor determining the sign of this change appears to be the relative humidity. In general cloud-forming processes hydrate the environment below 16 km, where the air after mixing between cloud and the environmental air does not reach saturation, but clouds dehydrate above 16 km, as the larger temperature drop and the high initial relative humidity cause supersaturation to occur. Negative water vapor anomalies above cloud tops compared to clear skies suggest another dehydration mechanism operating above the detected cloud layers.
Expression Profile of Genes Representing Varied Spectra of Cell Lineages in Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

In this experiment, we attempted to isolate MSCs from cryopreserved human CB and to characterize them in terms of the multidifferentiation potential by examining the expression profi le of cell lineage-specifi c genes using RT-PCR. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ajou University Hospital and all human samples were obtained with informed consent. CB-MSCs were generated according to the method described by Lee et al. [7] . Briefl y, cryopreserved CB-MNCs were thawed and seeded on non-coated T25 culture fl asks (Nalge Nunc, Naperville, Ill., USA) at a density of 3 ! 10 5 cells/cm 2 in low glucose Dulbecco’s modifi ed Eagle’s medium (LGDMEM; Gibco BRL, Grand Island, N.Y., USA). The medium was changed every 7 days until the fi broblast-like cells reached confl uence. After trypsinization, the cells were replated at appropriate concentrations for further study. BM-MSCs from BM-MNCs were isolated and cultured as described by Bruder et al. [8] . CBand BM-MSCs obtained may be heterogeneous, consisting of several subpopulations [9] . We tried to produce single cell-derived colonies (SCDCs) of MSCs to avoid a possible problem of heterogeneity of the cells. In order to obtain MSC-derived SCDCs, heterogeneous CBMSCs at the second passage were harvested and plated at Bone marrow (BM) transplantation is a well-established classical treatment for children with malignant haematologic diseases including leukaemia or fatal metabolic diseases [1] . Mononuclear cells (MNCs) in human BM undergo haemopoiesis into distinct cell lineages such as haemopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are capable of differentiating into varied spectra of cell lineages [2, 3] . Human umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived MSCs also have a multipotent differentiating ability similar to BM-MSCs [4] . Moreover, CB transplantation, since the fi rst transplantation was performed in 1988 for a child with Fanconi’s anaemia, has become a safe and accepted mode of transplantation for recipients due to a low incidence of severe graft versus host disease, whereas adult BM transplantation requires exact histocompatibility between donors and recipients [5] . However, the actual use of CB-MSCs seems to have some obstacles as regards the diffi culty in their isolation from heterogeneous CB cell populations. Erices et al. [4] demonstrated that human CB is enriched in cells with similar characteristics as adult BM-MSCs and they successfully isolated CB-MSCs. In contrast, some investigators failed to isolate CB-MSCs from CB cell populations, leading to controversy about the existence of MSCs in CB [6] . Received: May 10, 2004 Accepted after revision: October 19, 2004
Immunohistochemical analysis of 8 biomarkers on tissue microarray (TMA) of 46 Moroccan invasive breast carcinoma

Aim of the study: Immunohistochemical evaluation of hormone receptors, Her2/neu, CK5/6, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, p53 and PTEN on Tissue Micro Array (TMA) of 46 Moroccan invasive breast carcinomas. Materials and Methods: The cases comprised 40 invasive ductal carcinomas, 4 invasive lobular carcinomas, 1 mixed carcinoma and 1 invasive colloid carcinoma. TMA paraffin blocs were prepared with the Beecher manual arrayer and immunostaining was performed using standard immunoperoxidase techniques. Results: 58.69% of the cases were ER positive. 43.18% (19/44) were triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) of which 15.78% (3/19) were of the basal phenotype expressing CK5/6. On the other hand, 72.22% (13/18) of the TNBC cases were IDC grade 3. Of the 18 IDC grade 3, 22.22% (4/18) were CK5/6 positive. 41.30% and 10.86% of the cases showed reduced expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin respectively. Beta-catenin nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was noted in 20% and 97.82% respectively. p53 was overexpressed in 10.86% of the cases whereas PTEN loss or reduced expression was noted in 86.95% of the cases. Conclusion: The aim of our study was to introduce TMA technique in our hospital which is considered a reference institution for cancer in Morocco. Although no statistical study was performed to look for any significance of the results obtained, we found good correlation with some of the data in the literature. To determine the molecular characteristics, if any, of the Moroccan patient, larger multidisciplinary and prospective studies would be interesting in the aim to personalize therapeutic decisions.
Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Depressive Symptomatology, Stress and Coping Strategies among Jordanian University Students

The study examined the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with university students suffering from moderate to severe depressive symptoms in Jordan. Eighty-four university students were recruited and assigned randomly to control and intervention groups. Intervention impact was assessed on measures of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and coping strategies at three time points; baseline, postintervention, and 3-months postintervention. The interventional model used was the Modified Teaching Kids to Cope (MTKC), and the control group received no treatment. Overall, using CBT showed a significant improvement in the outcome measures. At postintervention, students had lower scores on perceived stress, lower depressive symptoms, less use of avoidance coping strategies, and more use of approach coping strategies. The findings are discussed in terms of treatment implications and recommendations for use at academic and health care settings.