Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Factor Structure of The HIV Antibody Testing Attitude Scale in Four African Countries

Objective: To determine the facture structure of the HIV Antibody Testing Attitude Scale (HTAS) in an African population. Method: 760 first-year African university students from Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe were surveyed using the HIV Antibody Testing Attitude Scale. Factor structure was determined by using the principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Results: Five components accounting for 51% of the total variance were identified. The first factor (eigenvalue: 5.11) accounted for 23.2% of the variance in the responses and contained items concerned with perceptions on trust and support about HIV antibody testing, the second (eigenvalue: 2.19) 10% of the variance included items that were largely related to general concerns about HIV antibody testing, the third (eigenvalue: 1.51) 6.9% of the variance and included items related to fears about HIV antibody testing, the fourth (eigenvalue: 1.11) 5% of the variance contained items about concerns about the confidentiality of HIV antibody testing, and the fifth factor (eigenvalue: 1.01) accounted for 4.6% of the variance and reflected items about friends’ concerns about HIV antibody testing. Conclusion: This study identified “friends’ concerns”, “confidentiality” and “general or public concerns” about HIV antibody testing like among US students (Boshamer & Bruce, 1999) but two major other factors emerged as ‘trust and support’ and ‘fears’ about HIV antibody testing. Issues around support and fears are relevant facilitators or barriers that are important for youth among African populations. Key words: HIV antibody, factor structure, Africa
Manager Cultural Diversity and Mutual Fund Performance

This paper examines the effect of culturally diverse management teams on mutual fund risk and return. Prior studies document that diverse teams bring information gains, but also communication costs. I find that cultural diversity, measured by the range or standard deviation of the individualism scores associated with managers’ cultural origins, increases fund risk, but has no effects on fund return. Communication cost seems to dominate information gain brought by the cultural diversity. The positive effect of managerial cultural diversity on fund risk comes from increased exposure to the systematic risk, measured by benchmark beta and market beta. Subsample analysis indicates that cultural diversity increases fund risk only when the team has a low individualism score on average, or when the leader manager has a high individualism score. This is consistent with the closed style leadership in the groupthink theory. Finally, I use turnover in the fund management team as a shock to increase the managerial cultural diversity and find a positive treatment effect on fund risk.
ELLIPTIC ANALOGS OF MULTIZETAS AND THE ELLIPTIC DOUBLE SHUFFLE RELATIONS

We define an elliptic generating series whose coefficients, the elliptic multizeta values, are related to the elliptic analogs of multizeta values introduced by Enriquez as the coefficients of his elliptic associator; both sets of coefficients lie in O(H), the ring of functions on the Poincaré upper half-plane H. The elliptic multizeta values generate a Q-algebra E which is an elliptic analog of the algebra of multizetas. We show that the algebra E decomposes into a geometric and an arithmetic part, and study the precise relationship between the elliptic generating series and the elliptic associator defined by Enriquez. Working modulo 2πi, we show that the elliptic multizeta values satisfy a double shuffle type family of algebraic relations similar to the double shuffle relations satisfied by multizetas. We prove that these elliptic double shuffle relations give all algebraic relations among elliptic multizetas if (a) the classical double shuffle relations give all algebraic relations among multizetas and (b) the elliptic double shuffle Lie algebra has a certain natural semi-direct product structure analogous to that established by Enriquez for the elliptic Grothendieck-Teichmüller Lie algebra.
Managing common infections in Day Care settings:Day Care providers’ sickness exclusion beliefs, advice, and their consequences for parents

Background and Aims: Judicial antibiotic prescribing and appropriate use of healthcare resources are public health priorities. Preschool-aged children that attend day care frequently consult general practitioners (GPs) and receive antibiotics, despite experiencing mainly self-limiting and/or viral infections. North-American surveys indicate that day care providers unnecessarily exclude children with infections, and make exceptions to exclusion on the basis of antibiotic treatment. Commentators suggest that this may lead to unnecessary consultations and inappropriate antibiotic requests. This study’s main aim was to explore whether UK-based day care providers’ management of infections encourages parents to unnecessarily consult GPs, and inappropriately seek antibiotics. A secondary aim was to describe the content and nature of written day care sickness exclusion policies. Questionnaire Methods and Results: Questionnaires were distributed to 329 day care providers in three socio-demographically contrasting areas of South-East Wales, to gather descriptive data regarding sickness exclusion policies. 216 (66%) responses were received. Policies were mostly self-written, diverse in content and detail, and often non-evidence-based. Qualitative Methods and Results: Day care providers’ management of infections, and the influence this had on parents’ consulting and antibiotic-seeking behaviours, were explored through semi-structured interviews with 24 purposefully selected day care providers, and 28 opportunistically-selected parents that used their services. Interviews underwent inductive thematic analysis. All day care providers encouraged parents to consult GPs for self-limiting infections, and often inappropriately advised antibiotic treatment through written policies and verbal communication. Some parents felt that day care attendance increased their tendency to consult for symptoms they would usually manage themselves. The purpose of consultation was often to expedite return to day care, rather than alleviate concern. Parents understood that antibiotics were unlikely to be beneficial, but still sought and received treatment in order to appease day care providers’ requirements. Conclusion: Day care providers’ inappropriate advice to parents, together with non-evidence-based exclusion policies, contribute to unnecessary GP consultations and inappropriate antibiotic-seeking behaviour.
Thermoregulatory , behavioral , and production traits of 1⁄2 and 3⁄4 Holstein / Gir dairy cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate thermoregulatory, behavioral, and production traits of Holstein/ Gir dairy cows of different genetic compositions. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Turvânia GO, Brazil, from July to December 2017. Twenty lactating cows of two genetic groups (1⁄2 and 3⁄4 Holstein/Gir [HG]) were used in a completely randomized design where they were subjected to a rotational-grazing system in 24 irrigated Mombasa grass pastures with one day of occupation and 24 days of rest, and fed a 22% CP supplemental concentrate diet. During the experimental period, thermoregulatory, behavioral, and production data were collected on 12 occasions, with 15-day intervals. Environmental data such as ambient temperature, air relative humidity, and temperaturehumidity index were recorded. Number of hairs, hair length and thickness, body surface temperature, rectal temperature, and respiratory frequency were analyzed as thermoregulatory traits. The behavioral assessment was undertaken by observing the feeding behavior, rumination, rest, and other activities. To determine production traits, milk yield and composition were analyzed. A higher respiratory frequency was observed in 3⁄4 HG cows compared with 1⁄2 HG cows (p < 0.05). Cows of the 1⁄2 HG group produced milk with higher protein contents (p < 0.05). Rectal temperature, body temperature, number of hairs, hair length and thickness, feeding behavior, rumination, rest, and other activities were similar (p > 0.05) between the two genetic groups, and the same was true for milk yield, fat and lactose contents, and somatic cell count.
Applying a Throughput Stability-Condition Model to a Picking Machine

Picking machines are an example of a stock-to-picker fulfillment technology that consists of two or more pick stations and a common storage system. A conveyor system decouples the pick stations from the storage area by transporting the needed totes between the storage system and the picking stations. We develop an analytical stability-condition model based on queuing theory to determine if a picking machine’s closed-loop conveyor will be able to meet a throughput requirement. Through simulation, we show that our stability-condition model accurately predicts whether a closed-loop conveyor will meet throughput even when model assumptions regarding Poisson arrivals and infinite buffer capacities are violated.
Beta-blockers in Cardiovascular Therapy: A Review

The role of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists in cardiovascular therapy has been the subject of various studies over time, these agents representing one of the oldest class of drugs used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Although beta-blockers have been excluded from guidelines as the first-line therapy in essential hypertension, they remain the first choice in patients with heart failure, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation. In this article, we review the major clinical evidence for the use of beta-blockers in cardiovascular diseases. Several trials have demonstrated that beta-blockers reduce mortality in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Also, beta-blockers have beneficial properties in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Guidelines recommend beta-blockers for the relief of symptoms in cases of angina pectoris and for the control of the ventricular rate in cases of atrial fibrillation. Also, beta-blockers have numerous benefits in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, betablockers are an important class of cardiovascular drugs, reducing the mortality and morbidity rates in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
N A ] 3 O ct 2 01 9 An efficient numerical scheme for a 3 D spherical dynamo equation

We develop an efficient numerical scheme for the 3D mean-field spherical dynamo equation. The scheme is based on a semi-implicit discretization in time and a spectral method in space based on the divergence-free spherical harmonic functions. A special semi-implicit approach is proposed such that at each time step one only needs to solve a linear system with constant coefficients. Then, using expansion in divergence-free spherical harmonic functions in the transverse directions allows us to reduce the linear system at each time step to a sequence of one-dimensional equations in the radial direction, which can then be efficiently solved by using a spectral-element method. We show that the solution of fully discretized scheme remains bounded independent of the number of unknowns, and present numerical results to validate our scheme.
TITLE : The Mental Representation of Universal Quantifiers

A sentence like every circle is blue might be understood in terms of individuals and their properties (e.g., for each thing that’s a circle, it’s blue) or in terms of a relation between groups (e.g., the blue things include the circles). Formally, theorists can use the tools of first-order logic and/or the more powerful tools of second-order logic to specify the contents of universally quantified statements. We offer new evidence that this formal distinction is psychologically realized and has behavioral repercussions. Participants were shown displays of dots and asked to evaluate statements with each, every, or all combined with a predicate (e.g., big dot). We find that participants are better at estimating how many things the predicate applied to after evaluating everyor all-statements compared to each-statements. This suggests that everyand all-statements are mentally represented in second-order terms that highlight comparison of groups whereas each-statements are represented in first-order terms that focus on individuals. Since the statements that participants evaluate are truth-conditionally equivalent, our results also bear on questions concerning how meanings are related to truth-conditions.
J C A P 0 1 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 0 2 1 ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle P hysics

Self-interacting dark matter scenarios have recently attracted much attention, as a possible means to alleviate the tension between N-body simulations and observations of the dark matter distribution on galactic and sub-galactic scales. The presence of internal structure for the dark matter — for example, a nearly-degenerate state in the spectrum that could decay, or be collisionally excited or de-excited — has also been proposed as a possible means to address these discrepancies. Such internal structure can be a source of interesting signatures in direct and indirect dark matter searches, for example providing a novel explanation for the 3.5 keV line recently observed in galaxies and galaxy clusters. We analyze a simple model of dark matter self-scattering including a nearly-degenerate excited state, and develop an accurate analytic approximation for the elastic and inelastic s-wave cross sections, which is valid outside the perturbative regime provided the particle velocity is sufficiently low (this condition is also required for the s-wave to dominate over higher partial waves). We anticipate our results will be useful in incorporating inelastic self-scattering into N-body simulations, in order to study the quantitative impact of nearly-degenerate states in the dark matter spectrum on galactic structure and dynamics, and in computing the indirect signatures of multi-state dark matter.
City size and exit from unemployment in bad times : evidences from the French army restructuring

This article explores the role of city size on unemployment volatility. We present a simple new economic geography model of labor pooling to illustrate how the relation between economic shocks and local unemployment can be mitigated by city size. Then we exploit a quasi-natural experiment by studying the economic impact of 357 local shocks both negative and positive generated by the reform and the restructuring of the French army. Exploiting a geo-referenced dataset of unemployment spell over an extensive period of time (2005-2014), we are able to measure the impact of these local shock on the rate at which unemployed workers find a job. To construct a credible counterfactual for each zone which experienced a closure, we use and interactive fixed effects model. We show that contractions in military personnel reduce the local likelihood of finding a job. Moreover, our results reveal some heterogeneity in the local economy’s resilience. In line with our theoretical model, we show that city size is a relevant explanation for the observed heterogeneity in resilience: the likelihood of finding a job is less affected in denser area by a relative equal-sized shift in labor demand.
Series 1201 The Bidirectional Relationship between CSR Investments and Economic Performance : An Analysis Using a Simultaneous Equations Model

This paper investigates the bidirectional relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) investments and economic performance. We analyze three types of CSR investments: investments in environmental protection initiatives (environmental investments), investments in labor-related initiatives particularly those that promote women’s employment (female labor-related investments), and investments in all other initiatives that contribute to society (other social investments). Further, we identify the determinants of these CSR investments and determine the effect of each type of investment on firm performance. The analysis uses a simultaneous equations model with a dataset of 185 Japanese firms. We find that environmental investments reduce economic performance, labor-related investments do not significantly affect economic performance, and other social investments increase economic performance. Moreover, we find that economic performance decreases environmental investments, increases laborrelated investments, and does not affect other social investments. These results have important implications for both firm managers and policy makers. For managers, the results suggest that CSR investments are not necessarily effective for improving economic performance. However, this does not mean that firms should completely eradicate CSR investments. Rather, this result suggests that CSR investments are a hygiene factor in that they do not necessarily lead to higher performance, but their absence can worsen performance. For policy makers, the results suggest that different approaches may be adopted to encourage firms to increase their CSR investments. For example, policy makers can implement policies to encourage firms or rely on the firms’ initiatives. Which approach is effective depends on the type of CSR investment and how the firms view the types of CSR investment.
Aalborg Universitet Danish general practitioners have found their own way of using point-of-care ultrasonography in primary care a qualitative study

Background: General practitioners increasingly use point-of-care ultrasonography despite a lack of evidence-based guidelines for their appropriate use in primary care. Little is known about the integration of ultrasonography in general practice consultations and the impact of its use on patient care. The purpose of this study was to explore general practitioners’ experiences of using ultrasonography in the primary care setting. Methods: Adopting an explorative phenomenological approach, we performed semi-structured interviews with general practitioners who used ultrasonography in their daily work. Thirteen general practitioners were recruited stepwise, aiming for maximum variation in background characteristics. Interviews were conducted at the general practitioner’s own clinic. Transcription and systematic text condensation analysis began immediately after conducting each interview. Results: The general practitioners described using ultrasonography for both selected focused examinations and for explorative examinations. The two types of examinations were described differently for each of the following emerging themes: motivation for using ultrasonography, ultrasonography as part of the consultation, selection of an ultrasound catalogue, and consequences of the general practitioner’s ultrasound examination. The general practitioners had chosen and integrated their own individual ultrasound catalogue of focused examinations as a natural part of their consultations. The focused examinations were used to answer simple clinical questions and they had a significant impact on the patients’ diagnoses, clinical pathways and treatments. The general practitioners considered their own catalogue of focused examinations as their comfort zone. However, they also performed explorative ultrasound examinations outside their catalogue. These scans were performed to train, gain or maintain ultrasound competences or as explorative examinations driven by curiosity. The explorative ultrasound examinations rarely had an impact on patient care. Conclusions: This study describes how general practitioners found their own way of using ultrasonography in general practice and selected a personal catalogue of ultrasound examinations that was applicable, relevant and meaningful for their daily clinical routines. This study may serve to inform implementation strategies in general practice by offering insights into central aspects that drive general practitioners’ behaviours.
Comparative Study of Topical Ethyl Chloride Spray & Eutectic Mixture of Lignocaine and Prilocaine Cream for Management of Pain in Minor Surgical Procedure

: Aim: To assess and compare the clinical efficacy & safety of Topical Ethyl chloride spray & Eutectic mixture of Lignocaine and Prilocaine (EMLA) cream for management of pain in minor surgical procedure i.e. platelet rich plasma intradermal injections. Methods: Total 50 patients who underwentplatelet rich plasma injections on scalp in skin department were included in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups, with 25 patients in each group. We applied topical ethyl chloride spray in group “A” and EMLA cream in group “B”. Pain intensity was noted as visual analogue score (VAS) just after procedure and after 30 minutes of procedure. Results: During procedure, VAS was (3.36 ± 1.29) and (2.12 ± 0.93) in group A & B respectively. After 30 minutes, VAS was (6.64 ± 0.95) and (5.44 ± 0.77) in group A & B respectively. There was significant difference in pain intensity between group A & B. Conclusion: Although both modalities were effective in patients but efficacy of EMLA cream was better with longer lasting effect than ethyl chloride spray.
Profit Analysis With Financial Ratio ( Study At Manufacturing In Indonesia Stock Exchange )

Profit is a reflection of success in executing the activities and operations of the company. There are many factors that allegedly affect the company's profit growth. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of current ratio, total asset turnover (TAT), debt to equity ratio (DER), gross profit margin (GPM), return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) profit growth in manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research population is a manufacturing company that dihapsa dibursa Indonesia in 2013 as many as 85 companies. Minimum sample size studied by 46 companies, sampling using stratified sampling technique with proportional allocation. Analysis tool used is multiple linear regression with tools SPSS v. 17. The results show simultaneously the current ratio, total asset turnover, debt to equity ratio, gross profit margin, return on asset and return on equity significantly affect the profit growth in manufacturing companies in BEI, while the partially variable that affects the profit growth is gross profit margin, total asset turnover and return on equity.
Variational Inference in Neural Networks using an Approximate Closed-Form Objective

We propose a closed-form approximation of the intractable KL divergence objective for variational inference in neural networks. The approximation is based on a probabilistic forward pass where we successively propagate probabilities through the network. Unlike existing variational inferences schemes that typically rely on stochastic gradients that often suffer from high variance our method has a closedform gradient. Furthermore, the probabilistic forward pass inherently computes expected predictions together with uncertainty estimates at the outputs. In experiments, we show that our model improves the performance of plain feed-forward neural networks. Moreover, we show that our closed-form approximation works well compared to model averaging and that our model is capable of producing reasonable uncertainties in regions where no data is observed.