Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
C O ] 2 3 O ct 2 01 5 Discrete curvature and abelian groups

We study a natural discrete Bochner-type inequality on graphs, and explore its merit as a notion of “curvature” in discrete spaces. An appealing feature of this discrete version of the so-called Γ2-calculus (of Bakry-Émery) seems to be that it is fairly straightforward to compute this notion of curvature parameter for several specific graphs of interest – particularly, abelian groups, slices of the hypercube, and the symmetric group under various sets of generators. We further develop this notion by deriving Buser-type inequalities (à la Ledoux), relating functional and isoperimetric constants associated with a graph. Our derivations provide a tight bound on the Cheeger constant (i.e., the edge-isoperimetric constant) in terms of the spectral gap, for graphs with nonnegative curvature, particularly, the class of abelian Cayley graphs – a result of independent interest.
Correction to “Three-dimensional modeling of blue jets and blue starters”

[1] Blue jets and blue starters are considered as positive streamer coronas expanding from the streamer zones of conventional lightning leaders under conditions when largescale electric fields near the thundercloud tops exceed the minimum field required for the propagation of positive streamers in air. Results from a three-dimensional fractal model based on a phenomenological probabilistic approach to the modeling of streamer coronas indicate, in particular, that blue jets and blue starters can be formed by a fast ( 1 s) accumulation of 110–150 C of positive thundercloud charge distributed in a volume with effective radius 3 km near the cloud top at 15 km. The model simulates the propagation of branching streamer channels constituting blue jets and blue starters as a three-dimensional growth of fractal trees in the electric field created by thundercloud charges and self-consistently accounts for the electric field effects due to the propagating streamers. Model results closely resemble blue jet and blue starter characteristics in terms of their altitude extents, transverse dimensions, and conical structure and indicate that blue starters are related to the initial phases of blue jets. The proposed model is supported by the recent spectroscopic observations of blue jets and blue starters, in particular, by the documentation of the 427.8 nm (first negative N2 ) emission in blue starters as well as by the low-pressure laboratory experiments on emission spectroscopy of corona streamers in air. The model results also appear to be in excellent agreement with the recent discovery of the streamer structure of blue jets.
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Subjective and Objective Assessments

Objective: To determine 1) the role, function of structures, and patterns of Velpharyngeal (VP) gap formation among people with Cleft lip and palate (CLP); and 2) the inter-reliability between 2 investigators on the objective assessment of VP gap and its respective patterns. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and retrospective study data collection among. Patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI)’s medical records were retrieved. Outcomes of perceptual assessment and objective evaluation of velopharyngeal movement (using Motic plus 2.0 software) were analyzed. Descriptive analyses, intra-class correlations, and Kappa coefficient were used to characterize the data. Results: Thirty-three participants between 8 and 47 years of age were enrolled. Twenty-three percent presented with oronasal fistula. Coronal patterns of the VP gap and tongue compensation movement were common in patients with VPI. The respective correlation coefficient between the perceptual resonance rating scale and nasalance scores for Thai standard passages My house, Winter, and Laying Hen was 0.37 (95 % CI = -0.06, 0.68), 0.26 (95 % CI = -0.19, 0.62), and 0.30 (95 % CI = -0.14, 0.64). The respective correlation coefficient between the nasalance scores for the Thai standard passages and articulation types was -0.286 (95 % CI =-0.631, 0.155), -0.41 (95 % CI =-0.71, 0.03), and -0.189 (95 % CI =0.57, 0.25). The correlation coefficient for articulation types and the perceptual resonance rating scale was 0.082 (95 % CI=-0.216, 0.576). The intra-class correlation coefficient between the two investigators for VP gap for each sound was 0.78-0.82, while the range of kappa coefficient between the two investigators for the VP pattern gap for each sound was 0.16-0.30. Conclusions: Velum had the primary role vis-à-vis VP function while the posterior pharyngeal wall had minimal function in VP gap formation. Coronal patterns of VP gap and tongue compensation movement were common in patients with VPI. Keyword: VPI, Cleft lip and palate, objective measurement, oronasal fistula
The value of ringing for bird conservation

Ringing has been an important research tool for the conservation biologist over the last 100 years. Effective conservation of wild bird populations requires understanding of bird ecology and of the factors driving population change, and evidence that proposed conservation measures can be effective. Bird‐ringing studies can provide a wide range of data types to aid and inform this process, and in many cases these data are not available without the capture and marking of individual birds. We review the range of information available from bird ringing, and illustrate this with case studies where ringing has made a key contribution to the knowledge and subsequent conservation action applied to a particular bird population. The value to bird conservation is typically higher where a ringing study is well designed and targeted to answer specific questions of relevance to conservation. Therefore, there is potential for the conservation value of ringing to be improved in future through the development and encouragement of structured and targeted ringing projects, the integration of different data types collected from ringing, and increased collaboration between groups of ornithologists, including ringers and non‐ringers.
Orbital climate forcing of δ13C excursions in the late Paleocene–early Eocene (chrons C24n–C25n)

[1] High-resolution stable carbon isotope records for upper Paleocene–lower Eocene sections at Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1051 and 690 and Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 550 and 577 show numerous rapid (40–60 kyr duration) negative excursions of up to 1‰. We demonstrate that these transient decreases are the expected result of nonlinear insolation forcing of the carbon cycle in the context of a long carbon residence time. The transients occur at maxima in Earth's orbital eccentricity, which result in high-amplitude variations in insolation due to forcing by climatic precession. The construction of accurate orbital chronologies for geologic sections older than ∼35 Ma relies on identifying a high-fidelity recorder of variations in Earth's orbital eccentricity. We use the carbon isotope records as such a recorder, establishing a robust orbitally tuned chronology for latest Paleocene–earliest Eocene events. Moreover, the transient decreases provide a means of precise correlation among the four sites that is independent of magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data at the <105-year scale. While the eccentricity-controlled transient decreases bear some resemblance to the much larger-amplitude carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that marks the Paleocene/Eocene boundary, the latter event is found to occur near a minimum in the ∼400-kyr eccentricity cycle. Thus the CIE occurred during a time of minimal variability in insolation, the dominant mechanism for forcing climate change on 104-year scales. We argue that this is inconsistent with mechanisms that rely on a threshold climate event to trigger the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum since any threshold would more likely be crossed during a period of high-amplitude climate variations.
E ﬀ ects of Text Chunking on Subtitling: A Quantitative and Qualitative Examination

Our work serves as an assay of the visual impact of text chunking on live (respoken) subtitles. We evaluate subtitles constructed with di ﬀ erent chunking methods to determine whether segmentation inﬂuences comprehension or otherwise a ﬀ ects the viewing experience. Disparities in hearing participants’ recorded eye movements over four styles of subtitling suggest that chunking reduces the amount of time spent reading subtitles
A Justification of the KdV Approximation to First Order in the Case of N-Soliton Water Waves in a Canal

We consider the Euler equations for a perfect fluid in a flat-bottomed canal in the time-dependent case. A formal expansion procedure for small amplitude, long waves analogous to that of Friedrichs and Hyers for solitary waves is developed and leads to the Korteweg–de Vries equation (KdV for short) for the lowest order term. The higher order terms in the expansion satisfy the inhomogeneous version of the linearized KdV equation.Of particular interest to us are those solutions of the KdV equation called N-solitons, which asymptotically separate into N travelling waves with distinct speeds. Using certain facts about the linearized KdV equation and some properties of the N-solitons, we prove that the next term in this expansion can be uniquely specified by certain asymptotic conditions and a symmetry requirement. This solution behaves like an N-soliton; asymptotically, it separates into N travelling waves with the same speeds and phases as those of the leading term.
A Dynkin game with asymmetric information

We study a Dynkin game with asymmetric information. The game has a random expiry time, which is exponentially distributed and independent of the underlying process. The players have asymmetric information on the expiry time, namely only one of the players is able to observe its occurrence. We propose a set of conditions under which we solve the saddle point equilibrium and study the implications of the information asymmetry. Results are illustrated with an explicit example.
Natural hybridization within the genus Quercus L

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Natural hybridization within the genus Quercus L Bs Rushton
Electroreception in the obligate freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon motoro

Elasmobranch fishes use electroreception to detect electric fields in the environment, particularly minute bioelectric fields of potential prey. A single family of obligate freshwater stingrays, Potamotrygonidae, endemic to the Amazon River, demonstrates morphological adaptations of their electrosensory system due to characteristics of a high impedance freshwater environment. Little work has investigated whether the reduced morphology translates to reduced sensitivity because of the electrical properties of freshwater, or because of a marine-tuned sensory system attempting to function in freshwater. The objective of the present study was to measure electric potential from prey of Potamotrygon motoroandreplicatethemeasurementsinabehaviouralassaytoquantifyP.motoroelectrosensitivity. Medianorientation distance toprey-simulating electricfieldswas2.73 cm,andthe medianvoltagegradient detected was0.20mVcm � 1 . This sensitivity is greatly reduced compared with marine batoids. A euryhaline species with marine-type ampullary morphology was previously tested in freshwater and demonstrated reduced sensitivity compared with when it was tested in seawater (0.2 m Vc m � 1 v. 0.6 nV cm � 1 ). When the data were adjusted with a modified ideal dipole equation, sensitivity was comparable to P. motoro. This suggests that the conductivity of the medium, more so than ampullary morphology, dictates the sensitivity of elasmobranch electroreception.
Sealing Ability Of Five Different Root End Filling Materials - An Ex-Vivo Study

Objectives: Aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate sealing ability of 5 different root end filling materials by dye penetration method. Materials & Method: 100 extracted single rooted human anterior teethwere included in the study. Teeth were sectioned at Cemento-enamel- junction,access cavities were preparedo after which roots were rinsed under tap water. The teeth were sectioned buccolingually, depth of dye penetration wasevaluatedunder stereomicroscope. Results: Results revealed that sealing ability of amalgam was inferior compared to all groups, sealing ability of Super-EBA wasequal to GIC but less than that of White-MTA and Gray-MTA. Sealing ability of both White-MTA and Gray-MTA is equal. Conclusion: Both forms of MTA provide better seal than amalgam, GIC, Super-EBA when used as retrofilling, but the extrapolation of this result into clinical practice may be questionable.
Intellectual capital and the ‘capable firm’: narrating, visualising and numbering for managing knowledge

Intellectual capital statements are ‘new’ forms of reporting whose object is knowledge management activities. Based on 17 firms’ work to develop intellectual capital statements, this paper analyses them as managerial technologies making knowledge amenable to intervention. Aspects of actor-network-theory are mobilised to suggest that the intellectual capital statement is a centre of translation, which mobilises knowledge management via three interrelated elements: knowledge narratives, visualisations and numbers. Intellectual capital statements report on the mechanisms put in place to make knowledge manageable. Writing intellectual capital is a local story, which often concerns making knowledge collective and a process of allowing it to be oriented towards organisational ends. In such a story, knowledge is about a firm’s capabilities and abilities to make a difference to a user. When writing an intellectual capital statement, firms locate employees, customers, processes and technologies and orient them towards a user. However, the statement as such is a means of ‘dis-locating’ knowledge resources making them amenable to intervention. There are certain broad types of intervention that allows a classification of strategies of intervention to be proposed. These terms are portfolio management, improvement activities and productivity. Such forms of intervention circumscribe the aspiration to transform knowledge from something internal to the person into something that is the effect of a collective arrangement. They allow—through intellectual capital statements—the dark, tacit knowing of individuals to come into the open space of calculation and action at a distance. # 2001 Published by Elsevier
The role of gender and education in the formation of loyalty to airline ' s website

The objective of this study is to analyse the moder ating effects of gender and education on users’ loyalty to the website of an airline. We provide a tested model for greater understanding the effects of gender and education o n the loyalty of experienced users in utilitarian purchasers of airline’s website. The re sults reveal that website quality, esatisfaction, e-trust and affective e-loyalty are a ntecedents of conative e-loyalty in loyalty relationships between passengers and airlin e websites, as well as the importance of university education in the configuration of loy alty to the website. Consumers with university education are found to be more likely to purchase through the websites of airline companies than those without. Also, accordi ng to the most recent literature, the moderating effect of gender has been found non-sign ifica t in most of the causal relationships presented in the model studied.
Great Escape 1 Running head : THE GREAT ESCAPE The Great Escape : The Role of Self-esteem and Self-related Cognition in Terror Management

If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent. ac.uk/contact.html Citation for published version Wisman, Arnaud and Heflick, Nathan A and Goldenberg, Jamie L (2015) The Great Escape: The Role of Self-esteem and Self-related Cognition in Terror Management. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology . pp. 1-48. ISSN 0022-1031.
Estimating stellar mean density through seismic inversions

Context. Determining the mass of stars is crucial both for improving stellar evolution theory and for characterising exoplanetary systems. Asteroseismology offers a promising way for estimating the stellar mean density. When combined with accurate radii determinations, such as are expected from Gaia, this yields accurate stellar masses. The main difficulty is finding the best way to extract the mean density of a star from a set of observed frequencies. Aims. We seek to establish a new method for estimating the stellar mean density, which combines the simplicity of a scaling law while providing the accuracy of an inversion technique. Methods. We provide a framework in which to construct and evaluate kernel-based linear inversions that directly yield the mean density of a star. We then describe three different inversion techniques (SOLA and two scaling laws) and apply them to the Sun, several test cases and three stars, α Cen B, HD 49933 and HD 49385, two of which are observed by CoRoT. Results. The SOLA (subtractive optimally localised averages) approach and the scaling law based on the surface correcting technique described by Kjeldsen et al. (2008, ApJ, 683, L175) yield comparable results that can reach an accuracy of 0.5% and are better than scaling the large frequency separation. The reason for this is that the averaging kernels from the two first methods are comparable in quality and are better than what is obtained with the large frequency separation. It is also shown that scaling the large frequency separation is more sensitive to near-surface effects, but is much less affected by an incorrect mode identification. As a result, one
Singular value decomposition versus sparse grids: refined complexity estimates

We compare the cost complexities of two approximation schemes for functions that live on the product domain $\varOmega _1\times \varOmega _2$ of sufficiently smooth domains $\varOmega _1\subset \mathbb{R}^{n_1}$ and $\varOmega _2\subset \mathbb{R}^{n_2}$, namely the singular value / Karhunen–Lòeve decomposition and the sparse grid representation. We assume that appropriate finite element methods with associated orders $r_1$ and $r_2$ of accuracy are given on the domains $\varOmega _1$ and $\varOmega _2$, respectively. This setting reflects practical needs, since often black-box solvers are used in numerical simulation, which restrict the freedom in the choice of the underlying discretization. We compare the cost complexities of the associated singular value decomposition and the associated sparse grid approximation. It turns out that, in this situation, the approximation by the sparse grid is always equal or superior to the approximation by the singular value decomposition. The results in this article improve and generalize those from the study by Griebel & Harbrecht (2014, Approximation of bi-variate functions. Singular value decomposition versus sparse grids. IMA J. Numer. Anal., 34, 28–54). Especially, we consider the approximation of functions from generalized isotropic and anisotropic Sobolev spaces.
Asteroseismology of the PG 1159 star PG 0122+200

Context. The variable pre-white dwarf PG 1159 stars (GW Vir) are g-mode non-radial pulsators. Asteroseismology puts strong constraints on their global parameters and internal structure. PG 0122+200 defines the red edge of the instability strip and its evolutionary timescale is predicted to be dominated by neutrino emission. Its study offers the opportunity to better understand the instability mechanism and to validate the physics of the neutrino production in dense plasma. Aims. To achieve such a goal requires determining precisely its fundamental parameters. This is the goal of this paper. Methods. We present new multi-site photometric observations obtained in 2001 and 2002. Together with previous data, they allow us to detect 23 frequencies, composed of 7 triplets and 2 single frequencies, which are used to constrain its internal structure and derive its fundamental parameters. Results. All the observed frequencies correspond to � = 1 g-modes. The period distribution shows a signature of mode trapping from which we constrain the He-rich envelope mass fraction to be –6.0 ≤ log(qy) ≤− 5.3. The comparison of the mode trapping amplitudes among GW Vir stars suggests that the mass-loss efficiency must decrease significantly below Teff ≤ 140 kK. We measure an average period spacing of 22.9 s from which we derive a mass of 0.59 ± 0.02 M� . From the triplets we measure a mean rotational splitting of 3.74 µHz and a rotational period of 1.55 days. We derive an upper limit to the magnetic field of B ≤ 4 × 10 3 G. The luminosity (logL/L� = 1.3 ± 0.5) and the distance (D = 0.7 +1.0 −0.4 kpc) are only weakly constrained due to the large uncertainty on the spectroscopically derived surface gravity and the absence of a measured parallax. Conclusions. From the asteroseismic mass, the ratio of the neutrino luminosity on the photon luminosity is 1.6 ± 0.2 confirming that the PG 0122+200 evolutionary time scale should be dominated by neutrino cooling. A measurement of u P for the largest amplitude untrapped modes should verify this prediction.
Structure adaptive approach for dimension reduction

We propose a new method of effective dimension reduction for a multiindex model which is based on iterative improvement of the family of average derivative estimates. The procedure is computationally straightforward and does not require any prior information about the structure of the underlying model. We show that in the case when the effective dimension m of the index space does not exceed 3, this space can be estimated with the rate n −1/2 under rather mild assumptions on the model.
A consideration of the genetic aspects of some current practices in Thoroughbred horse breeding

Les problemes genetiques souleves par l'elevage du pur-sang sont examines. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse historique et sociologique decrit les questions posees. Dans une seconde partie, les reponses de la communaute scientifique a ces interrogations sont passees en revue. La selection sur les performances, grande innovation historique de l'elevage du pur-sang, est-elle toujours efficace ? La race pure est-elle un concept mythique ou une realite efficace ? Que penser de l'inbreeding ? Quels sont les roles respectifs de l'etalon et de la pouliniere ? On conclut sur les perspectives ouvertes et en particulier sur les progres a faire en matiere de gestion genetique ou les conceptions en vigueur sont tres passeistes.