Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heart rate variability and heat sensation during CT coronary angiography: Low-osmolar versus iso-osmolar contrast media

Background: During computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) unexpected changes in heart rate while scanning may affect image quality. Purpose: To evaluate whether an iso-osmolar contrast medium (IOCM, iodixanol) and a low-osmolar contrast medium (LOCM, iomeprol) affect heart rate and experienced heat sensation differently. Material and Methods: One hundred patients scheduled for CTCA were randomized to receive either iodixanol 320 mgI/ml or iomeprol 400 mgI/ml. Depending on their heart rate, the patients were assigned to one of five scanning protocols, each optimized for different heart rate ranges. During scanning the time between each heart beat (hb) was recorded, and the corresponding heart rate was calculated. For each contrast medium (CM) the average heart rate, the variation in heart rate from individual mean heart rate, and the mean deviation from the predefined scanning protocol were calculated. Experience of heat was obtained immediately after scanning by using a visual analog scale (VAS). Examination quality was rated by two radiologists on a three-point scale. Results: The mean variation in heart rate after IOCM was 1.4 hb/min and after LOCM it was 4.4 hb/min (NS). The mean deviations in heart rate from that in the predefined scanning protocol were 2.0 hb/min and 4.7 hb/min, respectively (NS). A greater number of arrhythmic hb were observed after LOCM compared with IOCM (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in image quality. The LOCM group reported a stronger heat sensation after CM injection than the IOCM group (VAS =36 mm and 18 mm, P<0.05). Conclusion: At clinically used concentrations the IOCM, iodixanol 320 mgI/ml, does not increase the heart rate during CTCA and causes less heart arrhythmia and less heat sensation than the LOCM, iomeprol 400 mgI/ml.
Research Training and Productivity among Faculty: The Canadian Association of Professors of Psychiatry and the Canadian Psychiatric Association Survey

Objective: This survey assesses the research training and productivity of academic faculty in Canadian departments of psychiatry and compares the findings with those of colleagues in the United States. Method: A questionnaire was adapted to suit the Canadian milieu and was distributed to a target population of 2484, including a core 522 full-time faculty. Results: The response rate among full-time faculty was 65%, but only 26.5% for clinical and adjunct faculty. A small proportion (16%) of our MD and a greater proportion (57%) of our PhD respondents were included in a fairly lenient definition of researcher. Departments seek to recruit PhDs with an active involvement in research. Overall there appear to be more similarities than differences in research interests with our colleagues in the United States. The pharmaceutical industry was the most frequently mentioned source of research funding for MDs, while the availability of a mentor was perceived as the most influential factor determining the choice of a research career. Conclusions: Recommendations include adequate exposure to research during medical school and residency as well as appropriate inducements for the recruitment and retention of practising researchers.
Pravastatin‐induced lichenoid drug eruption

A 64‐year‐old woman presented with diffuse and numerous pigmented macules on her face and upper back. Histopathological examination of a skin punch biopsy of the rash showed a lichenoid dermatitis. The most likely offending drug was pravastatin. Cessation of pravastatin resulted in gradual fading of the pigmentation. 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors have previously been reported to cause lichenoid drug eruptions.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by D2 gastrectomy in locally advanced gastric cancer.

AIM To investigate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) for resectability of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). METHODS Between November 2007 and January 2014, 29 patients with LAGC (clinically T3 with distal esophagus invasion/T4 or bulky regional node metastasis) that were treated with NACRT followed by D2 gastrectomy were included in this study. Resectability was evaluated with radiologic and endoscopic exams before and after NACRT. Using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, patients received 45 Gy, with a daily dose of 1.8 Gy. The entire tumor extent and the regional metastatic lymph nodes were included in the gross tumor volume. Patients presenting with a resectable tumor after NACRT received a total or subtotal gastrectomy with D2 dissection. The pathologic tumor response was evaluated using Japanese Gastric Cancer Association histologic evaluation criteria. Postoperative morbidity was evaluated using the National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were estimated using a Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS All patients were assessed as unresectable cases. Twenty-four patients (24/29; 82.8%) showed LAGC on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced CT, whereas four patients (4/29; 13.8%) with vague invasion or abutment to an adjacent organ underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. One patient (1/29; 3.4%), initially assessed as a resectable case, underwent an "open and closure" after the tumor was found to be unresectable. Abutment to an adjacent organ (34.5%) was the most common reason for NACRT. The clinical response rate one month after NACRT was 44.8%. After NACRT, 69% (20/29) of patients had a resectable tumor. Of the 20 patients with a resectable tumor, 18 patients (62.1%) underwent a D2 gastrectomy. The R0 resection rate was 94.4% and two patients (2/18; 11.1%) showed a complete response. The median follow-up duration was 13.5 mo. The one-year OS and PFS rates were 72.4 and 48.9%, respectively. The one-year OS, PFS, local failure-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival were higher in patients with a resectable tumor after NACRT (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.078, respectively). No grade 3-4 late treatment-related toxicities or postoperative mortalities were observed. CONCLUSION NACRT with D2 gastrectomy showed a high rate of R0 resection and promising local control, which may increase the R0 resection opportunity resulting in survival benefit.
Electrodiagnostic Study of Brainstem Strokes

The orbicularis oculi reflex elicited by electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve was studied in 39 cases with vascular lesions of the brainstem (four mesencephalic, 14 pontine, 13 medullary and eight multilevel), six cases following severe anoxic episodes and two cases of traumatic brainstem lesions. The early reflex (normal latency: 10.6 ± 2.5 msec) was delayed in 20 out of 22 cases with pontine or multilevel brainstem strokes and in all the eight cases of anoxic or traumatic brainstem lesions. The direct (31 ± 10 msec) and consensual (32 ± 11 msec) late reflexes, analogously to the pupillary light reflex, were useful in distinguishing afferent, efferent, and other blocks. In all the seven comatose patients, the late reflex was virtually absent. However, a relatively normal early reflex was present in four of these. The findings of this study indicate that the brainstem conduction altered by vascular and anoxic lesions can be measured simply and objectively by the orbicularis oculi reflex. A delay of the early reflex is relatively specific to pontine lesions. The late reflex is not only altered by brainstem lesions but is also totally depressed in coma, presumably reflecting diffuse suppression in multisynaptic reticular system.
Dose response of amifostine in protection of growth plate function from irradiation effects

The dose‐response radioprotectant effects of amifostine on rat growth plate have not been studied. The purpose is to examine the relative effects of varying doses of amifostine on functional damage to the Sprague‐Dawley rat growth plate from a single fraction radiation exposure. Thirty‐six weanling Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent single dose 17.5 Gy radiation exposure to the right knee. The contralateral left limb served as the nonirradiated control. Six groups of six animals each received, 20 minutes before radiation exposure, intraperitoneally administered amifostine at the following doses: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg. Six weeks after treatment, the rats were euthanized and the lower limbs disarticulated, skeletonized, radiographed, and measured. Statistically significant dose‐related differences were observed between amifostine dosage groups for mean right‐side growth, growth‐loss, and limb‐length discrepancy. The mean right‐side growth recovered by amifostine administration increased from 14% at 50 mg/kg to 57% at 250 mg/kg. Growth‐loss and limb discrepency were significantly reduced in proportion to increasing amifostine doses. Despite these positive effects of amifostine, amifostine associated mortality was identifiable beginning at 200 mg/kg and increased rapidly thereafter. This report suggests a directly proportional relationship between amifostine dose and its protective effects on the growth plate. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 73–79 (2000). © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of combinations of Fusarium mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisin B1) on growth of brewing yeasts

The interactive effect of combinations of the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) on growth of brewing yeasts was examined. Yeast growth was assessed by measurement of dry weight or relative growth, cell number, viability and conductance change of the growth medium using direct and indirect methods. The interactive effect of a combination of these mycotoxins was subject to the ratio of toxins in the mixture and the toxicity of individual toxins on yeast growth. When a combination of mycotoxins at low concentration was added into the growth medium, no significant inhibitory effect on growth was observed compared to controls. However, when a combination of high concentrations of DON and ZEA which individually inhibited yeast growth was examined, the interactive effect was shown to pass from antagonism to synergism depending on the ratio of the toxins in the mixture. As a synergistic interaction between these Fusarium mycotoxins was observed only at high concentrations, which were far higher than would be expected in good quality grain, they are not a concern when related to yeast growth under the brewing conditions studied.
Comparing Completions of a Space at a Prime

There are two practical ways to complete an abelian group A at a prime p. One could complete A with respect to the neighborhood base of zero given by the subgroups pA. This completion, called p-completion, is limA/pA. Or one could complete A with respect to the neighborhood base of zero given by subgroups B ⊆ A of finite p-power index. This completion, called p-pro-finite completion, is limAα where Aα runs over the finite p-group quotients of A. They agree for finitely generated groups, but not in general: if V is an Fp vector space it is p-complete, but its p-pro-finite completion is the double dual V ∗∗. Also, the former, p-completion, is easier to define, but it is neither left nor right exact and the category of p-complete groups is not abelian – it is not closed under cokernels. The latter, p-pro-finite completion, is initially less tractable, but it is right exact and the category of p-pro-finite abelian groups is an abelian category. There are two corresponding completions for topological spaces. The analog of pcompletion is Bousfield-Kan completion [3] and the analog of p-pro-finite completion is related to Sullivan’s pro-finite completion and has recently been given a homotopical definition by Morel [13]. The purpose of this note is to compare these two completions; in addition, we seek to give Morel’s completion the same sort of computational footing that the Bousfield-Kan completion enjoys. To underscore the similarities and differences, let me make some remarks on how these completions of spaces are constructed. If X is a space, the mod p homology H∗X = H∗(X,Fp) is a graded coalgebra over Fp and, as such, there is an isomorphism colim α Cα ∼= H∗X, where Cα ⊆ H∗X runs over the filtered system of sub-coalgebras which are finite dimensional in each degree. Thus there is an isomorphism in cohomology, H∗X ∼= lim α C∗ α, where C ∗ α is the algebra dual to Cα. In short, H ∗X is a pro-finite algebra—which is to say the inverse limit equips H∗X with a topology—and if X → Y is a map of spaces, H∗Y → H∗X is a continuous map of algebras. The Bousfield-Kan completion of X may be obtained by the following program. Define a tower of fibrations · · ·−→ Xs qs −→Xs−1−→ · · ·−→ X1 q1 −→X0 The author was partially supported by the National Science Foundation.
Divided attention during cutting influences lower extremity mechanics in female athletes

Abstract Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in basketball appear to be more common when players are in possession of the ball. The greater risk of ACL injury when in possession of the ball may result from the athlete’s inability to fully attend to their movement. However, it is also possible that having to carry/manipulate the ball restricts the athlete’s ability to utilise their upper extremities for stability during a manoeuvre. The purpose of this study was to explore how possession of a basketball and divided attention influence lower extremity mechanics during cutting and landing. Twenty uninjured females with basketball experience performed a baseline lateral cutting task, as well as lateral cuts while carrying a basketball, with and without a subsequent chest pass. Requiring participants to carry the basketball in isolation (i.e., without the additional pass) had minimal influence on lower extremity mechanics compared to baseline. However, participants demonstrated less knee flexion (40.9° vs. 47.3°) and greater knee abduction (12.2° vs. 10.1°) for trials that included the additional pass (divided attention condition) compared to trials conducted while carrying the basketball in isolation. Athletes may be at greater risk for ACL injury when they are unable to solely attend to their movement.
An algorithm for determining the direction to a flicker source

This paper describes an algorithm for calculating the direction to a flicker source with respect to a monitoring point. The proposed algorithm is based on sampling of both the voltage and current. The low-frequency fluctuations in voltage and current are recovered from the input signals by demodulation, and passed through a bandpass filter as described in IEC 61000-4-15. A new quantity-flicker power-is defined from the output signals of the two filters. The direction to a flicker source is obtained from the sign of this flicker power. The proposed algorithm has been validated by simulations and several field measurements.
O-Linked N,N′-Diacetyllactosamine (LacdiNAc)-modified Glycans in Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins Are Specifically Phosphorylated at Subterminal N-Acetylglucosamine*

Background: LacdiNAc and sulfo-LacdiNAc modification of N-glycoproteins/peptides is well documented. Results: O-Linked LacdiNAc and the novel phospho-LacdiNAc modification were detected and structurally characterized on core 2-glycans of six ECM-related proteins. Conclusion: LacdiNAc and phospho-LacdiNAc are expressed on ECM proteins. Significance: This novel modification opens new aspects in the posttranslational control of protein function. The terminal modification of glycans by β4 addition of N-acetylgalactosamine to N-acetylglucosamine with formation of the N,N-diacetyllactosediamine (LacdiNAc) moiety has been well documented for a number of N-linked glycoproteins and peptides, like neurohormones. Much less is known about O-glycoproteins in this regard because only human zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3) and bovine proopiomelanocortin were reported to be LacdiNAc-modified. In searching for mammalian proteins modified with O-linked LacdiNAc we identified six positive species among nine endogenous and recombinant O-glycoproteins, which were extracellular matrix, or matrix-related proteins. These are ZP3 and the five novel LacdiNAc-positive species ECM1, AMACO, nidogen-1, α-dystroglycan, and neurofascin. The mass spectrometric analyses revealed a core 2-based tetrasaccharide as the common structural basis of O-linked LacdiNAc that could be further modified, similar to the type 2 LacNAc termini, with fucose, sialic acid, or sulfate. Here, we provide structural evidence for a novel type of mucin-type O-glycans that is strictly specific for LacdiNAc termini: sugar phosphorylation with formation of GalNAcβ1–4(phospho-)GlcNAc. The structural details of the phosphatase-labile compound were elucidated by MS2 analysis of tetralysine complexes and by MSn measurements of the permethylated glycan alditols. Phospho-LacdiNAc was detected in human HEK-293 as well as in mouse myoblast cells and in bovine brain tissue.
Evaluation of QRS criteria in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A group of 173 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was studied by electrocardiogram (ECG) and lung function tests to determine which QRS complex criteria are most useful in diagnosing COPD. Patients were divided into quartiles based on pulmonary function, quartile IV being the most impaired. The best QRS criteria were R Ve amplitude of . 5 mv or less and R/S ratio Ve or 1.0 or less, present five times more in quartile IV than I. QRS axis greater than 75° or greater than 90° was present twice as often in quartile IV. The remaining criteria were worthless. The R V6 and R/S ratio V6 were superior to the usually employed frontal plane P amplitude, but inferior to frontal plane P axis. Utilizing the best of both QRS and P criteria insures optimal ECG diagnosis of COPD.
The Approach of Institutional Economics

This paper assesses the "old" institutional economics, it emphasizes the importance of key "old" institutionalist themes concerning the necessity of habits and rules, and the role of institutions. A problem in the alternative theoretical program of the "new" institutionalism is the untenability of its assumption of an original, institution-free, "market" or "state of nature. " Even optimizing behavior requires the prior existence of habits and rules. Although it still lacks a complete and systematic theory, the "evolutionary" approach of the "old" institutionalists tackles the problem of the interactive relationship of actor to structure without analytical reduction to one or the other.
Risk factors for cataract in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence for the influence of the aldose reductase gene

There is evidence that the development of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes is associated with a microsatellite polymorphism at 5′ of the aldose reductase gene. The study examined whether cataract was associated with clinical/metabolic factors and/or the microsatellite polymorphism using a cohort of consecutively recruited Hong Kong Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (n=567). Amongst these patients, 157 (28%) had cataract. The patients with cataract were older in age and age at diagnosis and had longer diabetes duration than those without cataract (all at p<0.01). They also had higher systolic blood pressure (p<0.01), HbA1c (p<0.05) and fasting plasma glucose levels (p<0.01; all with adjustment for the significance). Moreover, we found that the patients with cataract over‐presented the microsatellite allele Z (23 vs. 30%, p<0.01) and its genotypes (Z,Z+Z,non‐Z; 38 vs. 50%, p<0.01), but under‐presented the allele Z−4 (8.3 vs 4.8%, p<0.05) and its genotypes (Z−4, Z−4+Z−4,non‐Z−4; 16 vs. 10%, p<0.05). Using multiple logistic regression analysis (R2=0.25, p<0.01), we found that the presence of cataract was correlated positively with age, but inversely with the presence of allele Z−4. In conclusion, our data indicate that the occurrence of cataract is common in the Chinese type 2 diabetes population, with age and the aldose reductase gene as important determinants.
Sleep deprivation and c‐fos expression in the rat brain

This study examined the effects of sleep deprivation on the expression of the immediate early gene c‐fos in the brain with both in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Rats were manually sleep‐derived for 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h starting at light onset (08.00 hours), and for 12 h starting at dark onset (20.00 hours). c‐Fos expression was found to be higher in sleep‐deprived rats with respect to control animals in several brain areas. The increase was evident both in terms of c‐fos mRNA and Fos protein, although with a different time course. Among the areas that showed a consistent induction of c‐fos were many cortical regions, the medial preoptic area and the posterior hypothalamic area, some thalamic nuclei, and several nuclei of the dorsal pontine tegmentum. The pattern of c‐fos expression after sleep deprivation was very similar to that observed after comparable periods of spontaneous wakefulness (Pompeiano et al. 1994). In general, the increase in c‐fos expression was not simply proportional to the amount of previous wakefulness. In many areas, the highest levels of c‐fos were seen after 3 h of sleep deprivation. These observations are discussed with respect to the homeostatic regulation of sleep and to the functional consequences of wakefulness in specific brain areas.
Future of Endometriosis Research

In women of reproductive age, health economic costs are estimated to be considerably higher for endometriosis than for conditions such as Crohn's disease, migraine and hypertension, and similar to the cost of diabetes. However, more awareness of endometriosis among patients and politicians is needed to create a better climate for research funding in the area of endometriosis in particular, and women's health in general. Recent collaboration between patients, physicians and politicians in the EU has shown that such efforts can be successful. Many arguments exist to organize the clinical care for women with advanced endometriosis in centers of excellence, but continuing education of primary-care physicians also remains a priority. New molecular techniques are resulting in new hormonal and nonhormonal targets for the noninvasive diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. A future diagnostic serum assay might contain various elements from inflammatory serum markers to genetic/microarray/proteomics markers, owing to the multifactorial features of endometriosis.
Artificial intelligence and computer science in education: From kindergarten to university

Artificial Intelligence (AI) already plays a major role in our daily life (e.g. intelligent household appliances like robotic vacuum cleaners or AI-based applications like Google Maps, Google Now, Siri, Cortana, .). Sound knowledge about AI and the principles of computer science will be of vast importance for future careers in science and engineering. Looking towards the near future, jobs will largely be related to AI. In this context literacy in AI and computer science will become as important as classic literacy (reading/writing). By using an analogy with this process we developed a novel AI education concept aiming at fostering AI literacy. The concept comprises modules for different age groups on different educational levels. Fundamental AI/computer science topics addressed in each module are, amongst others, problem solving by search, sorting, graphs and data structures. We developed, conducted and evaluated four proof-of-concepts modules focusing on kindergarten/primary school as well as middle school, high school and university. Preliminary results of the pilot implementations indicate that the proposed AI education concept aiming at fostering AI literacy works.