Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ruffe Population of Loch Lomond, Scotland

The ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), never before recorded in Scotland, was discovered in Loch Lomond in 1982. During the 1980s ruffe became well established and expanded its range throughout the loch and through the slow-flowing influent and effluent tributaries, only being excluded from tributaries with high flow rates. Recoveries of fish entrained at a pumping station, abstracting water for domestic supply, provide a measure of the rate of population expansion between 1982 and 1996 and the current status of ruffe in Loch Lomond. Between 1982 and 1992 the ruffe population grew exponentially. Since 1992 the population appears to have stabilized to some extent but at a very high level. Gill-netting surveys conducted throughout Loch Lomond have shown that the high abundance of ruffe recorded at this site is representative of a large population throughout the loch. The diet of ruffe feeding in Loch Lomond differed both spatially and seasonally. Although prey choice was diverse, it was primarily composed of benthic macro-invertebrates, but at times included underyearling fish (including ruffe) and eggs of other fish species. The most important of these is the powan (Coregonus lavaretus), a broadcast spawner of national conservation value. To examine the possibility of dietary overlap with perch (Perca fluviatilis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta), the diets of these three species were compared. The data showed very little evidence of overlap in diet, suggesting that feeding resource competition between ruffe and trout and ruffe and perch does not occur between adults of these species. Evidence for the disruption of predator-prey relations by introduced ruffe is reviewed. Ruffe are now the primary prey species for cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo), herons (Ardea cinerea), and northern pike (Esox lucius) feeding in Loch Lomond. Calculations based on predator population sizes and consumption rates suggest that potentially up to 17 metric tons of ruffe, representing over 2 million individuals, may be being consumed annually by these predator species. The effects on native fish of this shift in diet in these predator species is discussed, as is the ability of ecologists to predict the impact of invasions of new species in aquatic communities. Index words: Fish invasions, population expansion, resource competition.
Managerial smoothing of analysts’ EPS forecast errors: explanations and implications

We investigate explanations for and implications of the puzzling lack of scale variation exhibited by errors associated with analysts’ forecasts of earnings per share (EPS). Our results suggest that managers of analyst-followed firms smooth reported EPS via accruals and also guide analyst forecasts toward that smoothed EPS, and the extent of smoothing/guidance increases with scale. The EPS smoothing (forecast guidance) effort is more relevant for low and mid price (high price) firms. Because of these managerial efforts to suppress natural variation with scale for forecast errors, the volatility of EPS and dispersion of forecasts across analysts also do not vary much with scale. Two important implications arise as a result. First, the intuitive practice of deflating forecast error magnitudes, EPS volatility, or forecast dispersion by scale results in a variable that is highly negatively related to scale. Using such deflated variables as dependent (independent) variables in analyses that include independent (dependent) variables that happen to be correlated with scale might result in biased estimates. Second, price responses to EPS surprise (or ERCs) for the highly compressed surprises of high price shares can exceed 90, much greater than levels expected in prior research. This strong positive relation between ERC and scale might bias studies investigating cross-sectional variation in ERC if the variation studied is related to scale. We thank Ian Gow for suggesting the ERC implication, Jeff Ng, Tjomme Rusticus, Shawn Thomas, and Rodrigo Verdi for their generous efforts to help us replicate their studies, Ed Kaplan for deriving the relation for pooled ERCs, and the Yale School of Management for financial support.
Investing in Free Universal Childcare in South Africa, Turkey and Uruguay: A comparative analysis of costs, short-term employment effects and fiscal revenue

This discussion paper makes the case for investing in free universal childcare services of high quality in order to reduce gender inequality in earnings and employment. It estimates the employment-generating and fiscal effects of investing in free universal childcare in three middle income countries: South Africa, Uruguay and Turkey. It calculates the total annual costs of investing in high-quality childcare services that would cover the entire population of children below primary school age, using parameters relevant to each national context. Results show that employment rates can be significantly increased, especially for women, as a result of the combined direct, indirect and induced job creation. Although the total annual cost of such investment can go up to 3 to 4% of GDP, the net cost can be halved thanks to significant fiscal returns stemming from increased employment and earnings, without changing the tax structure itself (rates and bands). Results are compared with those obtained using a similar method for the UK and show that the reach of a country’s tax system plays an important role in the funding process. The paper also estimates a theoretical fiscal break-even point, based on longitudinal labour supply effects of mothers closing their lifetime employment and earning gap following such generous childcare offer. In all three countries and the UK, the fiscal return on investment based on this measure is likely to outstrip the total cost of childcare for a typical mother of two children on average earnings.
Chemical Constituents of the Leaf and Flower Oils from Anthemis altissima L. var. altissima from Iran

Abstract The volatile constituents of Anthemis altissima L. var. altissima were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents of A. altissima flower oil were spathulenol (18.7%), caryophyllene oxide (9.3%), 1-eicosene (7%) and sabinene (6.2%), while the leaf oil contained spathulenol (18.2%), caryophyllene oxide (9.5%), methyl hexadecanoate (8%) and isocaryophyllene (7.4%).
Low adherence to long-term adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer women age 40 or younger.

643 Background: Long-term adjuvant endocrine treatment (AET) improves survival in women with breast cancer, but little is known on adherence to such therapy, especially among young women. Our aim was to evaluate the rate of adherent patients among young breast cancer women who had been prescribed an AET, using both women's self-report and medication reimbursement database. Methods: Since July 2005, all consecutive women included in the registry of the French Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) for a diagnosis of primary breast cancer, aged 18-40 and living in South Eastern France have been asked to participate in a 5-year follow-up. Data about AET delivery are collected through the NHIF database. Women were identified as adherent if until the 28-month interview, they were delivered at least 80% of the total treatment on a minimum period of 15 months, and if the period between 2 deliveries did not exceed 3 months. Self-reported adherence was defined as the reported consumption of > = 80% of prescribed AET at each.
FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: THE PORTUGUESE COMPANIES EVIDENCE

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the composition and characteristics of corporate governance on the financial reporting quality of Portuguese companies. The major reference case studies on the relationship between corporate governance and the financial reporting quality are not validated by the results obtained. The results show that the board composition changes and its degree of independence do not produce any influence on the quality of the accounting information. Our study shows that although the main international guidelines relating to the rules of good governance have been followed closely by Portuguese institutions, the actual implementation of these rules did not occur.
Prevalence of Genetic Cancers Among Public in Palestine: Genetic Trends and Association with Matrix Metalloproteinase -9 as a Diagnostic Biomarker

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide (GBD 2015). Cancer is also the second leading cause of death in Palestine. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans; the majority of cancer is classified as benign cancers. There is no precise record of cancer incidence or prevalence in the Palestinian community since estimates of cancer prevalence depend on survival rates. Environmental factors, such as tobacco smoking, radiation exposure, and diet patterns are risk factors for cancer, in addition to social-health factors such as level of medical services and extended post-reproductive lifespan, are considered as major determinants of cancer prevalence [1, 2].
Comparative efficacy of sulphadimidine and amprolium against natural coccidiosis in Chegu goats

The anticoccidial efficacy of two drugs sulphadimidine and amprolium was evaluated in the Chegu goats naturally infected with coccidosis. The animals were randomly divided into three groups each consisting of six goats. The goats of groups I and II were given sulphadimidine @ 100mg/kg body weight bd for 3 days per os and amprolium @ 100 mg/kg body weight for 3 days per os, respectively, whereas animals of group III were kept as untreated control. The oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) were recorded in animals of all the groups before treatment (day 0) and on days 7, 14 and 21 post-treatment. The percent reduction in OPG of faeces in group I and Group II was found to be 93.44 % and 76.92% on day 7 post-medication respectively, whereas 98.36% and 92.31% on day 21 post medication in animals of groups I and II, respectively.
Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among inmates and staff of three Indian prisons.

Aim: To estimate prevalence of TB among inmates and staff of three prisons in south India. Place of Study: The study was undertaken in three purposively selected prisons in Karnataka State, India, namely, Belgaum, Mysore and Mangalore prisons. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken among a total of 2450 inmates and 280 staff at the three selected prisons. Inmates and prison staff were screened for cough of ≥ 2 weeks and the identified TB suspects were subjected to sputum microscopy for acid fast bacilli using ZN staining and fluorescent microscopy. Results: 81 TB suspects were identified among the inmates and none among the staff. Of the 81 TB suspects, none were positive for acid fast bacilli. 10 inmates at the prisons were already on DOTS for pulmonary TB. A prevalence of pulmonary TB of 4/1000 prison inmates was estimated. Unmet need for medical care was elicited among TB suspects. Past history of anti-TB treatment and Short Research Article Meundi et al.; BJMMR, 11(4): 1-6, 2016; Article no.BJMMR. 21444 2 history of current smoking were identified as significant risk factors for TB in the selected prisons. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of pulmonary TB in the selected prisons (4/1000 prison inmates and staff) was almost twice that in the Indian general population (2.11/1000 general population).
The Impact of Teaching Listening Comprehension by Audio and Video Aids on the Intermediate EFL Learners Listening Proficiencies

The instructing of listening comprehension at Iranian EFL contexts has been done in different strategies, for example, by doing fruition, correspondence, summarizing, note-taking, etc. Anyway, the consequence of the learners' listening proficiencies doesn't demonstrate the most extreme outcome. Therefore, the current research tried to investigate the effects of audio and video aids on teaching listening among Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To do this study, the researcher selected 40 homogeneous intermediate students and divided them into two equal groups. The two groups were the experimental groups (n=20) and a control groups (n=20). Then a listening comprehension pre-test was administered to assess the participants' listening comprehension at the beginning of the course. After the pre-test, the researcher practiced the treatment on the experimental groups. During the treatment sessions, The EG was taught by using authentic video, while the CG used audio Compact Disc (CD) as the teaching aid most often used by ESL teachers in teaching listening. After the treatment, the researcher administered a post-test to find out the effect of audio and video aids on teaching listening. When the data were collected, Independent and Paired Samples T-tests were run to analyze them. The means score of the posttests from the EG was higher than that of the control group. Moreover, the t test for the EG was higher than that for the CG which meant that the improvement in the EG was significantly higher than the listening achievements of the CG. The EG students taught by using audio and video achieved higher results in listening than the CG ones taught by audio compact disc (CD). As a result, the alternative hypothesis was accepted and null hypothesis was rejected which meant that there was a significant improvement in terms of listening achievements after the use of audio and video treatment.
Explaining the Process of Democratic Consolidation in Benin

Benin, an impoverished nation in West Africa, has been consistently ranked as one of Africa’s best democracies. While countries in the region have seen major democratic backlashes, this study seeks to explain how it is that Benin’s democracy has survived since 1991. This thesis operationalises a theoretical framework of democratic consolidation based on three approaches — structures, attitudes and behaviour — through 11 factors. In applying this framework to the case, the research analyses qualitative data longitudinally (through inter-country time comparisons) and cross-sectionally (with similar nations in the region). It then triangulates the findings with qualitative scholarly remarks and suggests the explanatory value for each factor. Based on the findings, this thesis argues that Benin’s democratic survival, ultimately, is dependent on a lack of any major anti-democratic behaviour from its main political actors. This absence is likely attributed to strong institutional constraints on the presidency as well as a favourable pro-democracy attitudinal basis which have, likely, incentivised actors to behave democratically. However, the findings also indicate that several factors promoted in the field are not applicable to this case. Economic structures of income inequality and GDP per capita, as well as the institutionalisation of the party system, cannot account for the democratic survival in Benin.
A Study on the Reaction of Households' Entertainment Consumption Due to the Path Act

Contrary to traditional economic theory, studies have demonstrated how temporary increases in discretionary income can alter consumption habits of individuals. Furthermore, research has shown that spending on non-necessities, such as entertainment, can be influenced by increases in discretionary income as well as several other factors. This study attempts to analyze this relationship and whether a shift in the timing of tax refunds due to the PATH Act has changed entertainment spending in households. Using Consumer Expenditures Survey interview data, this paper will attempt to answer this question by focusing on households who obtained the EITC and ACTC. Although no statistically significant results were found in the main analysis, recurring patterns in the data challenged assumptions and expectations. Drops in entertainment spending across March 2015 and March 2016 despite an overall growth in entertainment expenditures, for example, demonstrates the need for further analysis.
Physical Activity Classification utilizing Activity Monitors in Manual Wheelchair Users with SCI

Physical Activity Classification utilizing Activity Monitors in Manual Wheelchair Users with SCI Shivayogi Hiremath, MS Dept. of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 Mailing Address: VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, 7180 Highland Drive, 151R1-H, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15206
Association between maladaptive sleep hygiene behaviors and sleep quality in the general population

Prevalence of sleep problems has grown globally in recent years and sleep hygiene recommendations have shown inconsistent results. This study aims to analyze the quality of sleep in a non-clinical population and its association with maladaptive sleep hygiene. A total of 465 participants, with median age of 35 years (Interquartile range - IQR = 28-44), completed the Sleep Hygiene Practices Scale (SHPS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sample was divided into good quality sleepers (GQS; 52.7%, n = 245) and poor quality sleepers (PQS; 47.3%, n = 220). Comparison tests showed PQS had significant higher scores on SHPS (M = 61; IQR = 55-68, p < .01) compared with GQS (M = 68; IQR = 62-74). A logistic regression model indicated that only cognitive-arousal behaviors and inconsistent bedtimes were significant to classify poor sleep (R2 = .35; p < .01). In conclusion, poor sleep quality is common among healthy individuals and strongly associated with pre-sleep cognitive activity. This suggests that interventions aiming to improve sleep quality should consider strategies that would retract attention from concerns and worries at bedtime.
HOW DO DIFFERENT TYPES OF INDIRECT SIGNALS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE INFLUENCE FIRM VALUE?

Prior research shows that signals sent by institutionalized third parties (i.e., indirect signals) about firms’ corporate social performance (CSP) can impact firm value. However, the effects that different types of indirect CSP signals have on firm value have remained largely unexplored. Furthermore, managers often do not fully understand how to communicate CSP effectively. In this article, we operationalize CSP as a multidimensional construct and draw on signaling theory to examine how different types of indirect CSP signals impact firm value. The results of an event study show that institutionalized third parties can play an important role in delivering credible CSP-related information to the market. Results also demonstrate that the valence (positivity vs. negativity) and content (the specific social domain) of indirect CSP signals are important predictors of the magnitude of market reactions, and that shareholders’ responses to the valence and content of indirect CSP signals have substantially changed over time.
STUDYING THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES SHOCKS ON MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES OF THE IRANIAN ECONOMY

This paper studies impact of government expenditures shocks on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), personal consumption, trade balance and effective exchange rate. To the purpose, time series data of Iranian macroeconomic variables were used covering from 1976 to 2007. Vector autoregressive (VAR) model, forecast error variance decomposition and momentary reaction functions were used in order to study the impact of government expenditures shocks on macroeconomic variables of Iranian economy. Extracted results from the estimate of VAR model and analyses of forecast error variance decomposition showed that: positive shocks of the government expenditures increase GDP and personal consumption but decrease trade balance. Impact of government expenditures positive shocks decrease effective exchange rate only in first year then government expenditures shocks had positive but very little impact on effective exchange rate
Wells’ syndrome associated with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis − A case report

Introduction. Wells` syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis) is a chronic, recurrent disease characterized by episodes of erythematous and edematous plaques or nodules with occasional development of hemorrhagic bullae on the trunk and limbs. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, is a specific variant of the group of diseases characterized by necrotizing vasculitis of small to medium-sized blood vessels affecting multiple organ systems. The association of Wells` syndrome and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is very rare, and to our knowledge has been reported in only ten patients. Case report. We present a case of a 34-year-old woman with a 3-year history of periodical onset of erythematous plaques on the trunk and edematous plaques clinically resembling cellulitis on her lower limbs. The patient reported a one-year history of asthma, rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis. Skin biopsy revealed the presence of diffuse eosinophilic infiltrates in the dermis accompanied by characteristic ? flame figures? Further investigation showed peripheral blood eo-sinophilia (22.6%), bilateral maxillary sinusitis, presence of eosinophil infiltrates and microabscesses in the bron-chial wall, and pericapillary eosinophil infiltrates in the pulmonary interstitium shown by bronchoscopy and transbronchial biopsy, respectively. Treatment was started with methylprednisolone 0.5 mg/kg/day, and the dose was gradually tapered for the following twelve weeks. Complete remission of skin changes was achieved, but new lesions appeared in the past two years, which required repeated treatment. Conclusion. Association of these syndromes is unusual and may be based on the common pathogenetic background. We hypothesize that Wells` syndrome could be a stage preceding eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and that patients should be evaluated for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, since these two diseases overlap in clinical and laboratory findings.
The ERG at MRP 2019: Radically Compositional Semantic Dependencies

The English Resource Grammar (ERG) is a broad-coverage computational grammar of English that outputs underspecified logical-form representations of meaning in a framework dubbed English Resource Semantics (ERS). Two of the target representations in the the 2019 Shared Task on Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing (MRP 2019) derive graph-based simplifications of ERS, viz. Elementary Dependency Structures (EDS) and DELPH-IN MRS Bi-Lexical Dependencies (DM). As a point of reference outside the official MRP competition, we parsed the evaluation strings using the ERG and converted the resulting meaning representations to EDS and DM. These graphs yield higher evaluation scores than the purely data-driven parsers in the actual shared task, suggesting that the general-purpose linguistic knowledge about English grammar encoded in the ERG can add value when parsing into these meaning representations.
THE DETERMINATION OF RELATION AMONG THE FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVES, ACADEMIC DELAY OF GRATIFICATION PREFERENCES AND BURNOUT LEVELS OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS

Science and Education, 2017, Issue 10 40 UDC: 378 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2017-10-5 Şenay Şahin, Assoc. Prof. Dr, Associate Dean, Faculty oof Sport Science, Uludag Universty, Bursa, Turkey, ersahin@uludag.edu. tr Ersin Şahin, Phd. Dr., Teaching staff, Faculty of Education Science, Uludag Universty, Bursa, Turkey, skoparan2000@yahoo.com Burçin Ölçücü, Assoc. Prof. Dr, Associate Dean, Faculty of Sport Science, Gaziosmanpaşa Universty, Tokat, Turkey burcin.olcucu@gop