Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Content and Access Provision in a Discrete Competition Model

The non-rival, non-excludable and infinitely expansible characteristics of digital goods with marginal cost of zero strongly favours the use of bundling strategies. Theoretical tractability requires most models in the current literature to make highly stylized assumptions, rarely observed or anticipated in the real-life situations, motivating inquiry. This paper considers a competition model in which: * the firms, consumers and differentiated products are finite in number; * prices are discrete and not continuous; * consumers may purchase multiple items in a single product category where the degree of complementarity or substitutability of the product categories can also vary across consumers; and * where consumer-specific cost savings are obtained when purchasing multiple items from the same firm. Approximate solutions are obtained through numerical simulation. Firms act in concert to maximise the total firm revenue. Our main finding is that the interplay between maximal firm revenue, consumer surplus and prices is very complex and that high firm revenue and high consumer surplus are not antithetic. It suggests also that consumer surplus and market concentration are not necessarily related. Many market outcomes that are observed may be due to chance rather than design as diverse outcomes can accompany situations that are, to the firms, difficult to distinguish.
Partial graft recovery following eradication of hepatitis E virus infection after successful islet allograft transplantation

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) may cause chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients, especially after solid organ transplantation [1–5]. Here, we report on the first documented case of HEV-related chronic hepatitis after islet transplantation (IT) alone in a previously reported patient [6] in addition to the consequences on liver-implanted islet cells. An athletic 36-year-old man (BMI 25 kg/m) with brittle type 1 diabetes received two IT (10 341 IEQ/kg) according to the Edmonton protocol in April (M0) and June (M2) 2005. Insulin-independence was attained 10 days following the second infusion (Fig. 1a) despite a gall bladder puncture requiring cholecystectomy allowing a liver biopsy showing normal islets. Liver enzyme levels, normal before IT, increased transiently fivefold after each IT, and then increased significantly again from 8 months to 4 years post-IT (Fig. 1b). The patient was asymptomatic, with normal physical examination, and never consumed alcohol. The only drugs he was receiving were sirolimus and tacrolimus, with perfect compliance. Viral hepatitis [HAV, HBV, HCV, HIV, HTLV, cytomegalovirus, herpes, varicella zoster, parvovirus, HHV8, cocksackie, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)] detection remained negative except for question-
Are Human Resource Management (HRM) Systems Good or Bad for Employee Well-being? An Investigation of the Well-being Paradox from the Mutual Gains and Critical Perspectives

In this study, we explored the possible nonlinear, non-additive relationships among human resource management (HRM) systems, employee well-being, and firm performance. Based on a sample of 1,292 firms and 15,937 employees, we obtained three main findings. First, HRM systems are positively associated with firm performance, and this association is attributable to positive well-being. Second, at low levels, HRM systems are negatively correlated with employee well-being as well as higher levels of work intensification and anxiety. However, at high levels, HRM systems are positively associated with employee wellbeing as well as lower levels of work intensification and anxiety. Third, there are tradeoffs between different dimensions of employee well-being, characterized by improvement in one aspect of employee well-being and a concomitant decrease in another aspect of employee wellbeing. To close, we present research implications and future directions after discussing our results.
Efficacy of oxcarbazepine for prophylaxis against cumulative oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy

We conducted a randomized, open-label, controlled trial to assess the efficacy of oxcarbazepine for prophylaxis against oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OxIN). Thirty-two patients with colon cancer received 12 courses of the FOLFOX-4 regimen and were randomly assigned to receive oxcarbazepine (600 mg BID) or chemotherapy without oxcarbazepine. The incidence of OxIN was strikingly decreased in patients receiving oxcarbazepine (31.2% vs 75%). Oxcarbazepine may prevent OxIN symptoms. Further larger placebo-controlled trials are warranted to confirm our results.
Organisational sustainability in national sports federations in Egypt

Organisational sustainability is associated with the concept of organisational development, which emanates from the resources and capabilities that the organisation has in place. Sustainable organisations possess a strategic system, which is reliant on sustainable resources, and good capabilities that lead to strategic success. This study sets out the extent to which the Egyptian National Olympic Committee (ENOC) and its members the National Federations (NFs) are able to create organisational sustainability. The purpose of this research is to empirically study organisational sustainability and to provide insight into its creation within NFs. It has used a mixed-methods strategy that involved two phases. The first, a thematic analysis, identified the characteristics of the sustainable National Federation. It was undertaken by carrying out semi-structured interviews with ENOC and NF board members, experts, and NF consultants to generate the benchmarks or the requirements needed for sustainable National Federations. The second phase used the Readiness Assessment Tool (RAT) (Robinson and Minikin, 2011) in investigating the organisational development pillars based on the resources and capabilities of the Egyptian NFs (organisations that are responsible for developing the overarching performance of the ENOC). The findings indicated that the NFs included in this study need to develop further in terms of resources and capabilities in order to improve their readiness for sustainability. At their current levels of development, they do not exhibit the necessary or sufficient characteristics to become sustainable sports organisations. In other words, the research reveals that the NFs under investigation are not sufficiently developed to establish organisational sustainability due to their limited resources and low levels of capabilities. The study contributes to the body of 8 knowledge by providing a better understanding of organisational sustainability in NFs. In addition, it creates the characteristics, or the requirements needed for a sustainable NF. Furthermore, it offers the first evidence to suggest that Egyptian NFs need more improvements in terms of resources and capabilities to create a strong sports system leading to sustainable success.
Testicular regression in pinealectomized Syrian hamsters following infusions of melatonin delivered on non-circadian schedules.

The aims of this study were to validate the use of a timed infusion protocol for restoring physiologically appropriate rhythms of melatonin in the circulation of pinealectomized hamsters and, using such infusions, to compare the relative importance of the parameters of the nocturnal melatonin signal--frequency, phase, and duration of the interval between signals--in the photoperiodic control of testicular function in male Syrian hamsters. Hamsters were pinealectomized and fitted with a chronic s.c. cannula enabling them to receive timed infusions of melatonin (50 ng/h) or saline vehicle (50 microliters/h). In experiment 1, RIA of serum samples confirmed that s.c. infusions produced a pattern of melatonin in the blood equivalent in amplitude and duration to that observed previously in pineal-intact animals exposed to a short photoperiod. In experiment 2, we investigated the relative importance of the frequency of the melatonin signal and the duration of the interval between signals. Pinealectomized animals that received infusions of saline for 6 wk had large testes and high concentrations of LH in the serum. Animals that received a series of short-day-like infusions of melatonin of 14-h duration, separated by an interval of either 10 h or 6 h, underwent gonadal regression and had low serum concentrations of LH. Animals that received infusions of melatonin of 8-h duration, separated by intervals of 12 h, also exhibited full gonadal collapse. However, animals that received the same 8-h infusions separated by intervals of 8 h (i.e., once every 16 h) did not undergo gonadal regression and their circulating levels of LH remained high. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Magnetic fields suppress Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and enhance ciprofloxacin activity

Due to the refractory nature of pathogenic microbial biofilms, innovative biofilm eradication strategies are constantly being sought. Thus, this study addresses a novel approach to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), and magnetic fields were systematically evaluated in vitro for their relative anti-biofilm contributions. Twenty-four-hour biofilms exposed to aerosolized MNPs, Cipro, or a combination of both, were assessed in the presence or absence of magnetic fields (Static one-sided, Static switched, Oscillating, Static + oscillating) using changes in bacterial metabolism, biofilm biomass, and biofilm imaging. The biofilms exposed to magnetic fields alone exhibited significant metabolic and biomass reductions (p < 0.05). When biofilms were treated with a MNP/Cipro combination, the most significant metabolic and biomass reductions were observed when exposed to static switched magnetic fields (p < 0.05). The exposure of P. aeruginosa biofilms to a static switched magnetic field alone, or co-administration with MNP/Cipro/MNP + Cipro appears to be a promising approach to eradicate biofilms of this bacterium.
Cytotoxicity and cytotoxic molecules in invertebrates

Although lacking the components that characterize the acquired immunity systems of vertebrates, invertebrates nevertheless possess effective general innate immune mechanisms which exhibit striking parallels with those of vertebrates. These innate immune systems include both cellular and humoral elements. Invertebrate phagocytes synthesize both oxygen‐dependent and oxygen‐independent molecules to combat infectious agents. Cytotoxic substances employed by invertebrates include reactive intermediates of oxygen and nitrogen, antimicrobial peptides, lectins, cytokine‐ and complement‐like molecules, and quinoid intermediates of melanin. The signal transduction pathways that are involved in mediating the production of these substances appear to be very similar among animal species, suggesting a common ancestral origin for the innate immune systems. BioEssays 22:469—480, 2000. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The presence of human papillomavirus type 16/18 DNA in blood circulation may act as a risk marker of lung cancer in Taiwan

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Taiwan, and the paucity of dependable risk markers has impeded the early management of lung cancer. An association of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 infection with lung cancer among nonsmoking Taiwanese women was revealed in our previous study.
Topical Therapies in Psoriasis

Topical therapy as monotherapy is useful in psoriasis patients with mild disease. Topical agents are also used as adjuvant for moderate-to-severe disease who are being concurrently treated with either ultraviolet light or systemic medications. Emollients are useful adjuncts to the treatment of psoriasis. Use of older topical agents such as anthralin and coal tar has declined over the years. However, they are cheaper and can still be used for the treatment of difficult psoriasis refractory to conventional treatment. Salicylic acid can be used in combination with other topical therapies such as topical corticosteroids (TCS) and calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of thick limited plaques to increase the absorption of the latter into the psoriatic plaques. Low- to mid-potent TCS are used in facial/flexural psoriasis and high potent over palmoplantar/thick psoriasis lesions. The addition of noncorticosteroid treatment can also facilitate the avoidance of long-term daily TCS. Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus can be used for the treatment of facial and intertriginous psoriasis. Tazarotene is indicated for stable plaque psoriasis usually in combination with other therapies such as TCS. Vitamin D analogs alone in combination with TCS are useful in stable plaques over limbs and palmoplantar psoriasis. Topical therapies for scalp psoriasis include TCS, Vitamin D analogs, salicylic acid, coal tar, and anthralin in various formulations such as solutions, foams, and shampoos. TCS, vitamin D analogs, and tazarotene can be used in the treatment of nail psoriasis.
Growing Pains for the Los Angeles Healthy Kids Program : Findings from the Second Evaluation Case Study

The Los Angeles Healthy Kids program, during its first four years, extended comprehensive, affordable coverage to over 40,000 poor and vulnerable children, and improved their access to and use of care. Yet, the program also faced serious challenges, primarily related to financing. Funding for children ages 6 through 18 ran short in spring 2005 and Healthy Kids capped their enrollment. State health reform efforts that could have stabilized funding for the program have failed. Based on interviews with over 40 stakeholders, this case study analyzes the complex challenges that the Los Angeles Healthy Kids program faces at this critical juncture.
Effects of position and phonation on oropharyngeal view and correlation with laryngoscpic view.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of phonation and various head and body positions on oropharyngeal view (Mallampati score), and the correlation of these with laryngoscopic view, using the Cormack and Lehane score. METHODOLOGY Four hundred (390) consecutive patients were evaluated in the wards during preoperative anaesthetic review. During airway assessment, the patients were placed in various head and body positions to determine oropharyngeal structures visualized, with and without phonation, according to the Mallampati test score. In the operating theatre, laryngoscopic view scores (according to Cormack and Lehane) were recorded, and the various scores analyzed. RESULTS Phonation consistently improved the Mallampati scores in all the head and body positions. The scores were better in the supine position compared to the sitting position. The best correlation of the Mallampati score with the Cormack and Lehane score was in the sitting, head maximally extended position, without phonation. Extention of the head improved the score in the sitting position, but not in the supine position. Phonation reduced the correlation of the scores in all the positions. CONCLUSION We conclude that the best position to conduct the Mallampati test is sitting, head maximally extended, without phonation. This correlated best with laryngoscopic view score in our study.
Impact of Communicating Familial Risk of Diabetes on Illness Perceptions and Self-Reported Behavioral Outcomes

OBJECTIVE To assess the potential effectiveness of communicating familial risk of diabetes on illness perceptions and self-reported behavioral outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Individuals with a family history of diabetes were randomized to receive risk information based on familial and general risk factors (n = 59) or general risk factors alone (n = 59). Outcomes were assessed using questionnaires at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months. RESULTS Compared with individuals receiving general risk information, those receiving familial risk information perceived heredity to be a more important cause of diabetes (P < 0.01) at 1-week follow-up, perceived greater control over preventing diabetes (P < 0.05), and reported having eaten more healthily (P = 0.01) after 3 months. Behavioral intentions did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Communicating familial risk increased personal control and, thus, did not result in fatalism. Although the intervention did not influence intentions to change behavior, there was some evidence to suggest it increases healthy behavior.
Concordance and complementarity in IP instruments

ABSTRACT This work investigates the relationship between proxies of innovation activities, such as patents and trademarks, and firm performance in terms of revenues, growth, and profitability. By resorting to the virtual universe of Italian manufacturing and service firms, this work provides a rather complete picture of the Intellectual Property (IP) strategies pursued by Italian firms, in terms of patents and trademarks, and studies whether the two instruments for protecting IP exhibit complementarity or substitutability. In addition, and to our knowledge novel, we propose a measure of concordance (or proximity) between the patents and trademarks owned by the same firm and we then investigate whether such concordance exerts any effect on performance. The results suggest that while patents and trademarks independently exert a relevant impact on firm performance, there is no convincing evidence in favour of a complementary role of IP.
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis: Cytoarchitecture, immunohistochemistry, and projection to the parabrachial nucleus in the rat

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) sends a dense projection to the parabrachial nucleus (PB) in the pons. The BST contains many different types of neuropeptidelike immunoreactive cells and fibers, each of which exhibits its own characteristic distribution within cytoarchitecturally distinct BST subnuclei. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)‐, neurotensin (NT)‐, somatostatin (SS)‐, and enkephalin (ENK)‐like immunoreactive (ir) neurons are particularly numerous within areas of the BST that project to the PB. In this study, we use the combined retrograde fluorescence‐immunofluorescence method to determine whether neurons in the BST that project to the PB contain these immunoreactivities. After Fast Blue injections into PB, retrogradely labeled neurons were numerous throughout the lateral part of the BST, particularly in the dorsal lateral (DL) and posterior lateral subnuclei. Retrogradely labeled neurons were also present in the preoptic, ventral lateral, and supracapsular BST subnuclei and in the parastrial nucleus. Many of the CRF‐ir, NT‐ir, and SS‐ir neurons in DL were retrogradely labeled. A few double‐labeled cells of each type were also found in the posterior lateral, ventral lateral and supracapsular BST subnuclei ENK‐ir neurons were never retrogradely labeled. Our results show that BST neurons that project to the PB stain for the same neuropeptides as those in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) that project to the PB, demonstrating further the close anatomical relations between these two structures.
An Analysis of the Payment Habits of Hungarian Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises – In Focus: Cash Usage

In this study, we examine the cash usage of Hungarian micro, small and mediumsized enterprises along with the main reasons behind the use of cash by analysing data from a questionnaire-based survey conducted on a sample comprising 1,000 corporate managers. In this context, we study the payment habits of enterprises, their ties with financial institutions, the degree of distrust in the Hungarian corporate sector and potential tools for the reduction of cash usage. Wherever possible, we compare our results to the conclusions of previously published Hungarian or foreign research conducted with a similar focus. According to our most important findings, credit transfer is clearly the most prominent payment method both in the SME sector and among microenterprises, but the rate of cash usage is also high and it does not exhibit a declining trend. Positive changes can be observed, however, in payment discipline and business confidence. Hungarian enterprises are loyal to their account manager banks, and although they are essentially open to electronic payment solutions they are highly sensitive to the associated costs.
Utilizing the Interconnectivity of Multi-Sector Communities for Innovative Building Energy Efficiency Methods

While each new generation of buildings harness technological advancements in building design and operation, existing generations of buildings must adapt through innovative building efficiency improvement methods. At an annual cost of $380 billion, even minimal incremental improvements can have significant impacts on national energy consumption (U.S. EIA 2017). This dissertation focuses on three communities, students, homeowners, and small commercial stakeholders, each instrumental in building energy curtailment. The research performed in the student community evaluated: (1) the efficacy of flipped-classroom pedagogy to deliver residential energy content – students’ responses to questionnaires indicated increased confidence in knowledge – and (2) student outcomes in two approaches to integrating sustainable engineering to curricula – evaluation of student projects showed increased cognitive thinking in stand-alone sustainable engineering courses over senior design. In the homeowner community, the propensity of energy audits to stimulate energy investments is ambiguous. The research implemented a survey to evaluate the efficacy of an innovative holistic energy assessment approach to induce energy efficiency improvements. Analysis of survey results indicated homeowners had a more positive perception of motivators for measures adopted versus not adopted (p-value<0.5). The small commercial community consists of 94% of all commercial building stock with the majority of those buildings smaller than 465 m2 (5,001 ft2). A whole building energy disaggregation resource (BEAR) was developed and implemented in thirteen small commercial buildings with 28 tenants to measure accuracy of calculated energy estimations. BEAR was accurate to within 4.7% of electricity bills and 13.3% of natural gas bills in the examined tenants. Moreover, BEAR demonstrated robustness and scalability, design objectives intended for broader implementation across small commercial enterprises. Smart meter data revealed an average error in appliance-level estimation between BEAR and stochastic measurements of 66% for weekdays and 40% for weekends, with uncertainty in estimating appliance parameters driving error. However, improved power or operation data, separately, could reduce these errors by as much as half. This research employs technical methods in complex environments to identify appropriate methods for disseminating educational materials across the three communities. Results present a larger case for the continued exploration of energy education, in particular through classrooms and energy conservation programs.