Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Fatal Opioid Overdose and Major Depression among Street-Recruited Young Heroin Users

Background/Aims: Non-fatal opioid overdose (NFOO) and major depression (MD) are highly prevalent in heroin users. Many risk factors are known for NFOO, but studies in non-clinical samples on its relationship with MD are lacking. We aimed to examine this relationship in a street-recruited sample, controlling for potential well-known confounders. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 452 heroin users street-recruited by chain referral methods in three Spanish cities. Eligibility criteria were: age ≤30 years, heroin use at least 12 days in the last year and at least once in the last 3 months. Depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A precise definition of NFOO was used. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for the NFOO predictors were obtained by logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of NFOO and MD in the last 12 months was 9.1 and 23.2%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, NFOO and MD were significantly associated (AOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.01-4.74). Other associated factors were imprisonment (AOR 4.1; 95% CI 1.4-12.1), drug injection (AOR 6.7; 95% CI 2.4-18.4) and regular use of tranquillisers/sleeping pills (AOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.16-7). Conclusions: Drug and mental health treatment facilities should consider the relationship between MD and NFOO when contacting and treating heroin users. Imprisonment, drug injection and use of tranquillisers/sleeping pills are also risk factors for NFOO.
Integrating Phylogenetic Diversity, Complementarity, and Endemism for Conservation Assessment

Posadas et al.’s (2001) analysis of conservation priority setting for southern South America highlights the fact that “conservation of biodiversity requires knowledge of its history. ” In addressing this need, they argue that conservation of “evolutionary potential and phylogenetically rare taxa” requires integration of “phylogenetic” diversity with other factors, including complementarity and endemism. Posadas et al.’s proposed strategy for priority setting appears to achieve that integration, based on nominated definitions of phylogenetic diversity, complementarity, and endemism. But these terms currently have a variety of interpretations in conservation biology, and there is a danger that a mix-and-match integration may produce an unworkable framework. We argue that Posadas et al.’s approach suffers from this difficulty and that, far from providing the claimed “better use of available information,” any application of their proposed methods could be detrimental to biodiversity conservation. We contrast their approach with phylogenetic diversity (PD; Faith 1992a), an existing, simple integration of phylogeny, complementarity and endemism. Given that PD based complementarity and endemism have had little application, we also illustrate their use in a biodiversity study of Coleoptera in New South Wales, Australia.
PAPR Reduction of FBMC/OQAM Systems Based on Combination of DST Precoding and A-law Nonlinear Companding Technique

The filter bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) is considered as a most efficient technique for next wireless communication systems 5G due to its higher spectral bandwidth efficiency, robustness to frequency-selective fading channels, etc. However, the biggest disadvantage to working with FBMC system is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) leads to severe intercarrier interference, out-of-band radiation, and poor bit error rate performance because of the nonlinearity of the high power amplifier. In this paper, we investigate a low complexity hybrid scheme using the combination of the Discrete Sine Transform (DST) Precoding technique and A Law Nonlinear companding technique to reduce PAPR in FBMC system. The numerical results verify that the FBMC systems with our proposed schemes can improve PAPR performance of the signals greatly with satisfying the performance of BER condition. It can reduced PAPR about 84% of original PAPR.
Sperm binding capacity of human zona pellucida derived from oocytes obtained from different sources

Summary. The important contributions of sperm‐oocyte interaction to infertility diagnostics is well established. Scientists are urged to search for methods to improve the assessment of gamete interaction. Sperm binding and penetration assays have frequented the literature, reporting on various aspects of sperm‐oocyte interaction using either microbisected or whole human oocytes during the assay procedure. The objective of the study was to evaluate additional zona pellucida sources which can be used during zona binding studies. Hemizonae were obtained from the following oocytes: 1) experiment 1, prophase I oocytes from post‐mortem ovarian tissue from different age groups namely, 7 months, 5 years, 7 years, 12 years and 30 years; 2) experiment 2 used donated immature Prophase I oocytes from the IVF treatment program and 3) experiment 3 evaluated zona binding for hemizonae which were previously used in hemizona assays. Results indicated that, in experiment 1, ovarian age does not have any influence on the zona pellucida's capacity to bind spermatozoa. The mean number of bound sperm among the different age groups did not differ significantly, namely 38.9±17 (7 months), 31.0±27 (5 years), 49.3±21 (7 years), 32.8 ± 18 (12 years) and 39.5 ± 17 (30 years). The pooled mean ±SD binding for all the age groups in experiment 1 was 37.7 ± 7. Likewise, the mean number of sperm bound (experiment 2) to zonae collected from oocytes using different ovulation induction regimes were 31.1±20 (unstimulated), 54.4±12 (HMG/HCG) and 15.3 ± 9 (HMG alone). The pooled binding data for experiment 2 were 33.0 ± 20. Results of experiment 3 indicated metaphase II oocytes with previous exposure to sperm retained its binding capacity indicating that hemizonae can be recycled for at least a second binding experiment. Zonae that had been exposed to sperm and that were subsequently stripped from bound sperm, revealed a mean number of bound sperm after re‐insemination that were significantly higher than the prophase I oocytes namely, 115.0 ± 2.8 versus 35.6±12 (P = 0.0001). In conclusion, the data highlights (i) new sources of human oocytes needed for sperm‐oocyte interaction studies; (ii) the capability of the human zona pellucida to bind sperm after previous exposure and (iii) the importance of nuclear competence to obtain increased zona pellucida binding.
ARTERIALBLOODGAS ANALYSER ELECTROLYTES VERSUS SERUM ELECTROLYTES : A COMPARATIVE STUDY

The importance of electrolyte balance in determining the prognosis of the patient cannot be underestimated. Electrolytes are important for optimum cellular functioning in most tissues of the body. Most of the metabolic processes depend on the electrolyte balance. Imbalance in the electrolyte concentrations can be either the cause or the consequence of many disorders, therefore such problems need to be identified promptly to ensure adequate treatment. Electrolyte imbalance can cause significant risks to life Measurement of electrolytes is of critical importance in the Intensive care units also So the electrolyte analysis by the laboratory should not only be accurate but also quick as timely corrections of the imbalance can greatly affect the patient's outcome Routinely serum electrolytes are analysed in the laboratory using Auto analysers which are very accurate but take atleast a minimum of 15 minutes to be reported. Electrolytes can also be measured in heparin blood using stand alone ABG analysers In this study we compare the measurement of electrolytes by these two methodologies Our aim was to explore the possibilities of using both interchangeably taking into account preanalytical factors also. We used Ortho Clinical Diagnostics Vitros 5600 Dry chemistry Auto analyser for serum elctrolytes and the Roche diagnostics Cobas b121: Analyser for measuring blood gases. Comparison between the two methodologies was figuratively represented in Bar diagrams and Line diagrams. Statistical analysis was done by using Passing-Bablock regression analysis in the method validator tool. The data was represented in the form of difference plots and scatter diagrams. The “t” value for Sodium. Potassium, Chlorideswere-3.0342;4.7271;0.3502 respectively It is observed that the correlation is not acceptable as per Kendall"s Tau Correlation (0.9724) for sodium(0.887) and potassium (0.900), though it was found acceptable for chlorides(0.981)For all the three electrolytes the two-tailed P value equals 1.0000 By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be not statistically significant We recommend that both the methodologies cannot be used interchangeably. Even though ABG electrolytes can be relied upon in emergencies it is always advisable to confirm the results with serum electrolytes analysed in Auto analysers upon stabilisation of the patient’s condition
How America Lost Its Competitive Edge : A Study of Institutional Drift ∗

Until the 1990’s, U.S. markets were more competitive than European markets. Today, European markets have lower concentration, lower excess profits, and lower barriers to entry. We document this surprising outcome and propose an explanation using a model of political support. Politicians care about welfare and about the profits of certain industries. We show that when politicians from different countries set up a common regulator, they deliberately make it more independent and more pro-competition than if the same politicians all lived in the same country. This explains why, even though they appear broadly similar, European institutions are often granted a higher degree of independence than American institutions. We find support for the predictions of the model. In Europe, countries with weak institutions benefited more from the delegation of antitrust enforcement to the EU level. Political and lobbying expenditures have increased more in America than in Europe, and using data across industries and across states, we show that these expenditures explain the relative rise of concentration and market power in the US. The United States invented modern antitrust in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, and American consumers have enjoyed relatively competitive markets for goods and services ever since. Meanwhile, the American antitrust doctrine has spread globally, and, by the 1990’s, a broad international consensus had emerged among policy makers in favor of US-style regulations for most markets. This was particularly true in Europe. The U.S. retained a head-start, however, and it had a longer history of independent enforcement. Given these initial conditions, an outside observer would certainly have predicted that U.S. markets would have remained more competitive than European markets, although one could certainly have hoped for some convergence. Since the early 2000s, however, US markets have experienced a continuous rise in concentration and profit margins. Perhaps more surprisingly, European markets have not experienced these trends and today they appear more competitive than their American counter-parts. Figures 1 and 2 show that profit rates and ∗We are grateful to Luis Cabral, Janice Eberly, Steve Davis, and seminar participants at NBER, University of Chicago, and New York University for stimulating discussions. †New York University ‡New York University, CEPR and NBER
Visuospatial and Attentional Abilities Predict Driving Simulator Performance Among Older HIV-infected Adults

Objectives: To examine the effects of aging and neuropsychological (NP) impairment on driving simulator performance within a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cohort. Methods: Participants included 79 HIV-infected adults (n = 58 > age 50, n = 21 ≤ 40) who completed a NP battery and a personnel computer-based driving simulator task. Outcome variables included total completion time (time) and number of city blocks to complete the task (blocks). Results: Compared to the younger group, the older group was less efficient in their route finding (blocks over optimum: 25.9 [20.1] vs 14.4 [16.9]; P = .02) and took longer to complete the task (time: 1297.6 [577.6] vs 804.4 [458.5] seconds; P = .001). Regression models within the older adult group indicated that visuospatial abilities (blocks: b = −0.40, P <.001; time: b = −0.40, P = .001) and attention (blocks: b = −0.49, P = .001; time: b = −0.42, P = .006) independently predicted simulator performance. The NP-impaired group performed more poorly on both time and blocks, compared to the NP normal group. Conclusions: Older HIV-infected adults may be at risk of driving-related functional compromise secondary to HIV-associated neurocognitive decline.
Alcohol consumption and masculine identity among young men

Concern about excessive alcohol consumption among young men demands an understanding of why some young men drink excessively while others do not. The aim of this study was to identify how young men's patterns of alcohol consumption are related to their beliefs about masculinity, and the importance of drinking to their masculine identities. Thirty-one individual interviews and five group discussions were conducted with an ethnically- and socioeconomically-diverse sample of men aged 18–21 living in London, England. Analysis revealed a variety of associations between masculinity and alcohol consumption. Some men believed that alcohol consumption is a marker of masculinity and behaved accordingly. Other men emphasised the importance of other behaviours to masculine identity. There was also evidence that men traded drinking competence with competence in other behavioural domains. The links between masculinity and health-related social behaviours such as drinking are not simple. Implications for health education and health promotion are discussed.
Flycatcher song in allopatry and sympatry – convergence, divergence and reinforcement

The theory of reinforcement predicts that natural selection against the production of unfit hybrids favours traits that increase assortative mating. Whether culturally inherited traits, such as bird song, can increase assortative mating by reinforcement is largely unknown. We compared songs of pied (Ficedula hypoleuca) and collared flycatchers (F. albicollis) from two hybrid zones of different ages with songs from allopatric populations. Previously, a character divergence in male plumage traits has been shown to reinforce premating isolation in sympatric flycatchers. In contrast, we find that the song of the pied flycatcher has converged towards that of the collared flycatcher (mixed singing). However, a corresponding divergence in the collared flycatcher shows that the species differences in song characters are maintained in sympatry. Genetic analyses suggest that mixed song is not caused by introgression from the collared flycatcher, but rather due to heterospecific copying. Circumstantial evidence suggests that mixed song may increase the rate of maladaptive hybridization. In the oldest hybrid zone where reinforcement on plumage traits is most pronounced, the frequency of mixed singing and hybridization is also lowest. Thus, we suggest that reinforcement has reduced the frequency of mixed singing in the pied flycatcher and caused a divergence in the song of the collared flycatcher. Whether a culturally inherited trait promotes or opposes speciation in sympatry may depend on its plasticity. The degree of plasticity may be genetically determined and accordingly under selection by reinforcement.
Review of The young language l earner : Research-based ins ights into t eaching and learning ( Hasselgreen , Drew , and Sørheim , 2012 )

For a long time, language learning research focusing on young learners was a neglected field of research. Most empirical studies within the broad area of second/foreign language acquisition were instead carried out among adults in tertiary education and it was not until in the 1990s that the scope of research broadened to include also young learners, then loosely defined as children in primary and/or secondary education (see, for example, Hasselgreen & Drew, 2012; McKay, 2006; Nikolov, 2009a). In fact, some agreement upon how to define ‘young learners’ was not properly discussed until in 2013, when Gail Ellis (2013) provided some useful clarifications as regards how to label learners within the broad age-span that encompasses both primary and secondary school. In short, based on a literature overview, she concludes that the term young learners is most often used for children between the ages of five and eleven/twelve, which in most countries would be equivalent to learners in primary school.
How Organizational Climate Influences Job Satisfaction in Educational Sector – A Theoretical Perspective

The study aims in determining the organizational climate that would result in job satisfaction among academic staff in educational settings. Adequate literature on organizational climate and job satisfaction was reviewed. Findings results into the factors that contribute to shape culture, and its results into a framework, to encompass manifestations of organizational culture in relation to academic excellence. Further researchers can use this conceptual model to include few more pre cursors to outcomes to it, also this model can be tested empirically.
Facility factors dominate the ability to achieve target haemoglobin levels in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Our objective was to determine whether patient factors, processes of care and measures of erythropoietin (EPO) responsiveness were associated with successful anemia management at the individual patient level. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed laboratory and demographic data from 1499 patients receiving hemodialysis in 15 units operated by the same dialysis provider. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of an average 3-month hemoglobin level below or above the target interval of 11.0-12.5 g/dL. To explain the effect of facility on anemia performance, we calculated correlations between measures of EPO responsiveness and the probability of achieving the target interval by facility. RESULTS Patients above the target hemoglobin range demonstrated an association with parathyroid hormone (PTH) (OR = 0.96 per 100 pg/mL increase), female gender (OR = 0.68), EPO protocol use (OR = 0.94 per 10% increase in use) and facility (range of OR = 0.26-2.59 for 15 participating sites). Patients below the target hemoglobin range demonstrated an association with CRP (OR = 1.10 per mg/L increase), PTH (OR = 1.07 per 100 pg/mL increase), iron deficiency (OR = 1.07 per 10% increase), EPO protocol use (OR = 0.89 per 10% increase in use), iron protocol use (OR = 0.93 per 10% increase in use) and facility (range of OR = 0.58-3.41 over 15 units). EPO index (r = 0.71), EPO dose (r = 0.73), hemoglobin (r = -0.60) and EPO per unit weight (r = 0.76) were significantly correlated with the probability of achieving the target hemoglobin by facility. CONCLUSIONS The facility significantly influences the outcome of anemia management in patients with ESRD. In part, this is due to the patients' EPO responsiveness, which may be influenced by facility care patterns.
The Effect of Salinity Levels and Anti-Stress Material Application on the Number and Weight of Savalan Potato Cultivar Mini-Tubers and Tolerance and Susceptibility Indexs to Salinity Stress

In agro-econcosystems, plants may encounter with high salt concentrations duo to accumulation salts in the soil by water is used for irrigation. In this study the effect of "Out salt" anti-stress material and four levels of salinity was investigated on weight and number of Savalan potato cultivar mini-tubers and the stress tolerance indexes to salinity stress were calculated. The experiment was carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse in 2010. The first factor was antistress material at two levels (0 and 0.25%) and second factor comprised salinity at four levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 mMol. Nacl). After 70 days, mini tubers were harvested and their number, weight and size, plant height and stress tolerance and susceptibility indexes of TOl, SSI, MP, GMP, STI and MSTI were measured. Based on the results, salinity at low, moderate and severe levels reduced number of mini-tubers up to 25, 38 and 50 percentage, respectively. Salinity also reduced mini-tuber’s weight per plant. Results revealed that anti-stress material application reduced adverse effect of salinity stress so that by its application, the number of minitubers per plant was reduced only 9, 10 and 10 percentage in low, moderate and severe salinity conditions, respectively. According to the values of MP, GMP, STI and MSTI indexes, Savalan may be considered as a tolerant potato cultivar to salinity.
Validation study of the prediction system for clinical response of M‐VAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy

To predict the efficacy of the M‐VAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancers, we previously established the method to calculate the prediction score on the basis of expression profiles of 14 predictive genes. This scoring system had clearly distinguished the responder group from the non‐responder group. To further validate the clinical significance of the system, we applied it to 22 additional cases of bladder cancer patients and found that the scoring system correctly predicted clinical response for 19 of the 22 test cases. The group of patients with positive predictive scores had significantly longer survival than that with negative scores. When we compared our results with a previous report describing the prognosis of the patients with cystectomy alone, the results imply that patients with positive scores are likely to benefit from M‐VAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but that the chemotherapy would shorten the lives of patients with negative scores. We are confident that our prediction system to M‐VAC therapy should provide opportunities for achieving better prognosis and improving the quality of life of patients. Taken together, our data suggest that the goal of ‘personalized medicine’, prescribing the appropriate treatment regimen for each patient, may be achievable by selecting specific sets of genes for their predictive values according to the approach shown here. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 113–117)
And Now For Something Completely Different : Why Humor Matters in Interpreting 1 And Now For Something Completely Different : Why Humor Matters in Interpreting

This research paper delves into the lighter side of interpreting and aims to explain why it is so important for an interpreter to be able to convey humor. While an interpreter’s main purpose is to convey the meaning of a speech, a speaker’s sense of humor and tone can have a significant impact on the message. As a result, an interpreter has to be aware of the function that the humor serves in the speech and do his or her best to reproduce it in the target language. This may require some adaptation to the target culture through a variety of techniques, ranging from finding a cultural equivalent to explaining why the joke is funny, though not all techniques are equally effective. The research paper looks at the existing research on cross-cultural humor and the challenges of interpreting different types of comedy, then makes suggestions for other possible areas of research on the subject. The existing research shows that with enough study and practice, an interpreter should be able to translate a speaker’s humor beyond simply stating: “He said something funny. Please laugh. ”