Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct-conversion transmitter with resistance to local oscillator pulling in non-constant envelope modulation systems

This paper studies the local oscillator (LO) pulling problems associated with a direct-conversion transmitter (DCT) that uses non-constant envelope modulation schemes. The relevant theory provides a time-domain LO model with a modulated outer self-injection to predict the phase fluctuation of an LO that is pulled by the transmitter's modulated output signal. Based on a theoretical analysis, the proposed model can be used to evaluate the degraded quality of the transmission signal in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR). To mitigate the effects of LO pulling, a novel approach for reducing the AM-FM and PM-FM distortions by a combination of second-point VCO modulation and inner self-injection is proposed. The improved performance is verified by implementing a Quadrature-Phase-Shift-Keying (QPSK) transmitter for cdma2000 1× applications. The theoretical and experimental results agree closely with each other.
Resistance of Public Personnel to Open Government: A cognitive theory view of implementation barriers towards open government data

Abstract Open government has become an important topic in democratically developed societies. Its key aims are to increase transparency, citizen trust and public participation. Against this background, the article focuses on perceived barriers opposing the introduction of open government data. On the basis of cognitive theory and a literature review, the essential factors that impede public servants in implementing open government data are conceptualized and summarized in a model. The perceived risk-based attitude of public servants is identified as the main barrier. Other significant obstacles include perceived legal barriers, perceived hierarchical structuring of authorities, perceived bureaucratic decision-making culture and perceived organizational transparency.
The Role of Brain Computed Tomography in Evaluating Children with New Onset of Seizures in the Emergency Department

Summary: Background: The purpose of neuroimaging of a patient with new onset of seizures is to demonstrate cause and explore the prognosis. It was recently recommended that emergency brain computed tomography (CT) be performed only in adult seizure patients with an increased likelihood of life‐threatening lesions, i.e., those with new focal deficits, persistent altered mental status, fever, recent trauma, persistent headaches, history of cancer, history of anticoagulation, or suspicion of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of emergency brain CT in children who present to the emergency department with new onset of seizures.
Neuroendocrine tumor targeting: Study of novel gallium‐labeled somatostatin radiopeptides in a rat pancreatic tumor model

Somatostatin analogs labeled with radionuclides are of considerable interest in the diagnosis and therapy of SSTR‐expressing tumors, such as gastroenteropancreatic, small cell lung, breast and frequently nervous system tumors. In view of the favorable physical characteristics of the Ga isotopes 67Ga and 68Ga, enabling conventional tumor scintigraphy, PET and possibly internal radiotherapy, we focused on the development of a Ga‐labeled somatostatin analog suitable for targeting SSTR‐expressing tumors. For this purpose, 3 somatostatin analogs, OC, TOC and TATE were conjugated to the metal chelator DOTA and labeled with the radiometals 111In, 90Y and 67Ga. They were then evaluated for their performance in the AR4‐2J pancreatic tumor model by testing SSTR2‐binding affinity, internalization/externalization in isolated cells and biodistribution in tumor‐bearing nude mice. Surprisingly, we found that, compared to 111In or 90Y, labeling with 67Ga considerably improved the biologic performance of the tested somatostatin analogs with respect to SSTR2 affinity and tissue distribution. 67Ga‐labeled DOTA‐somatostatin analogs were rapidly excreted from nontarget tissues, leading to excellent tumor‐to‐nontarget tissue uptake ratios. Of interest for radiotherapeutic application, [67Ga]DOTATOC was strongly internalized by AR4‐2J cells. Furthermore, our results suggest a link between the radioligand charge and its kidney retention. The excellent tumor selectivity of Ga‐DOTA somatostatin analogs together with the different applications of Ga in nuclear oncology suggests that Ga‐DOTA somatostatin analogs will become an important tool in the management of SSTR‐positive tumors. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Side lobe levels reduction in digitally optimized time modulated linear arrays using particle swarm optimization technique

This paper presents a new technique to reduce side lobe levels (SLLs) and side band levels (SBLs) in time modulated antenna arrays (TMAAs) by optimizing discrete values of static excitation amplitudes and continuous values of on-time duration of the antenna elements. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique has been utilized to suppress SLL and maximum of SBL (SBLmax) to a pre-defined desired value while the discrete values of excitation amplitude are obtained such that five bit digital attenuators can be used to control them. The simulation result of a 30 element time-modulated linear antenna array (TMLAA) is presented by reducing SLL and SBLmax to below -40 dB and to -30 dB respectively.
The effect of the police on crime

The effect of police practices on the rate of robbery in 35 large American cities is estimated by a set of simultaneous equations. The measures of police resources (patrol units on the street) and police activity on the street (moving citations issued) are more precise than anything thus far available in studies of this kind and permit the use of identification restrictions that allow stronger inferences about the causal effect of arrests on crime rates than has heretofore been possible. Police resources and police activity independently affect the robbery rate after controlling for various socioeconomic factors. The political arrangements that lead to the use of aggressive patrol strategies are discussed and their effect estimated. The implications for, and limitations upon, policy are also discussed.
Prevalence of renal dysfunction according to the type of atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation treatment in patients who attended primary care in Spain.

AIM To determine the prevalence of renal dysfunction according to the type of atrial fibrillation (AF) and anticoagulation treatment in patients attended in primary care in Spain. METHODS & PARTICIPANTS: The VAL-FAAP study was a national, descriptive, epidemiological and cross-sectional study that included patients of both sexes, ≥18 years of age, with a previous diagnosis of AF by an ECG, attended in a primary-care setting. Renal function was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated by the modification of diet in renal disease-4 formula. RESULTS A total of 3287 patients with atrial fibrillation were included (mean age: 71.9 ± 10.1 years; 52.3% male). Overall, 31.6% of patients had an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m(2) and 1.6% <30 ml/min/1.73m(2). The proportion of patients with permanent AF increased as the eGFR decreased. Similarly, as congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years (doubled), diabetes mellitus, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category (CHA2DS2-VASc) increased, chronic kidney disease was more frequent. A third of patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 had moderate renal dysfunction; however, 35.5% of them did not receive anticoagulants (compared with 31.5% of those with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 and normal renal function). CONCLUSION Chronic kidney disease is common in patients with AF, particularly in those patients with permanent AF or CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2. Although indicated, 35.5% of patients with AF, a CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 and moderate renal dysfunction did not receive appropriate anticoagulation, despite the high risk of stroke.
Hematopoietic clonal dominance, stem cell mutations, and evolutionary pattern of JAK2V617F allele burden in polycythemia vera

Clonal dominance is characteristic of patients with post‐polycythemia vera myelofibrosis (post‐PV MF), whereas patients in chronic phase usually display polyclonal hematopoiesis. The aim of this work was to study the mutational burden of JAK2V617F at the progenitor level in patients with PV and correlate it with the evolutive phase of the disease and the presence of mutations in genes different to JAK2V617F.
Differential Effect of Honey on Selected Variables in Alloxan-Induced and Fructose- Induced Diabetic Rats

Honey contains a high concentration of fructose, a monosaccharide, capable of raising blood sugar level after oral ingestion. It is thus a paradox that nutritional experts have advocated its use as a nutrition supplement in patients with diabetes mellitus. It has also been used, over the years, as a sweetener by those who wish to avoid the use of sugar. The effective use of sugar in diabetes may be due to its other constituents, especially the various antioxidants that are abundant in honey. Glycemic effect of honey on alloxaninduced diabetes and with concomitant administration of fructose was studied in male rats of the Wistar strain. Alloxan was injected into the rats through a tail artery and three days later, a confirmation of successful induction of diabetes was made by demonstration of hyperglycemia in the rats. Another group of rats received daily oral ingestion of fructose. At the end of three weeks it was found that daily ingestion of honey for three weeks progressively and effectively reduced blood glucose level in rats with alloxaninduced diabetes. Honey also caused a reduction in hyperglycemia induced by long-term ingestion of fructose, albeit to a lesser degree than its effect on alloxan-induced hyperglycemia. Honey could not reduce blood glucose in controlled rats that received neither alloxan treatment nor fructose ingestion, even though it caused an increase in body weight, irrespective of other substances concomitantly administered to the rats. It is thus apparent that honey may be a useful adjunct in the management of diabetes, while serving as a sweetener, especially if taken in moderate quantities. (Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 11: 191 - 196) Key Words: Honey, Alloxan-induced diabetes, Fructose-induced diabetes, Rats
“Draw me the Web”. Impact of mental model of the Web on information search performance of young users

Cette expérimentation conduite avec 51 enfants français a pour but d’étudier les relations entre les performances des jeunes usagers lors de recherche d’information et leur modèle mental du Web. Chaque participant était invité (a) à renseigner un questionnaire visant à évaluer son expérience avec le Web, (b) dessiner ce qu’est le Web pour elle/lui, et (c) réaliser deux recherches d’information sur le Web. Les résultats ont montré que plusieurs modèles mentaux du Web existent chez ces jeunes usagers, indépendamment de leur expérience avec le Web. De plus, les résultats ont confirmé que le modèle mental pourrait être lié aux performances
The Aurora B kinase in Trypanosoma brucei undergoes post‐translational modifications and is targeted to various subcellular locations through binding to TbCPC1

The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) in animals, consisting of Aurora B kinase and three evolutionarily conserved proteins, plays crucial roles in mitosis and cytokinesis. However, Trypanosoma brucei expresses an unusual CPC consisting of an Aurora‐like kinase, TbAUK1, and two kinetoplastid‐specific proteins, TbCPC1 and TbCPC2. Despite their essential functions, little is known about the regulation of TbAUK1 and the roles of TbCPC1 and TbCPC2. Here, we investigate the effect of post‐translational modification on the activity and spatiotemporal control of TbAUK1, and demonstrate that phosphorylation of two conserved threonine residues in the activation loop of the kinase domain contributes to TbAUK1 activation and function. TbAUK1 is SUMOylated in vivo, and mutation of the SUMO‐conjugation site compromises TbAUK1 function. Degradation of TbAUK1 requires two destruction boxes and is mediated by the anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), whereas degradation of TbCPC1 and TbCPC2 is not dependent on the predicted destruction boxes and is APC/C‐independent. Moreover, we determine the domains in CPC subunits that mediate the pairwise interactions, and show that disruption of the interaction impairs the localization of TbAUK1 and TbCPC2 but not TbCPC1. Our results demonstrate the requirement of post‐translational modifications for TbAUK1 function and a crucial role of TbCPC1 in mediating TbAUK1 localization.
A cross-sectional study on the palmar dermatoglyphics in relation to carcinoma breast patients.

INTRODUCTION Dermatoglyphics is a collective term for all the integumentary features (skin patterning of the fingers, toes, palms and soles) and it applies to the division of the anatomy which embraces their study. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the predominant finger tip patterns in the patients of carcinoma breast. An attempt is also being made to devise a score to assess the risk variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fingerprints of 100 carcinoma breast patients were obtained and they were compared with those of 100 females who were not suffering from any malignancy till date. The different quantitative parameters of each hand of both the cancer patients and the controls were studied. The parameters which were included were the fingertip ridge pattern, the ridge count in the individual fingers, the Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC) and the Absolute Finger Ridge Count (AFRC). RESULTS There was a significant increase in the arch pattern and a decrease in the radial loops in the right thumb (p<0.001), the left thumb (p<0.001), the left index finger (p<0.001) and the left middle finger (p<0.001). A comparison of all the five fingers of both the left and right hands of the cancer patients with the controls showed an arch pattern (p<0.001) with the highest frequency. The lower values of the TFRC (below 50) were associated with carcinoma breast . The lower values of the AFRC (below 100) were associated with the cancer patients. CONCLUSION This study was able to establish a specific finger tip predominance in the Carcinoma breast patients.
Urban transport and social inequities in neighbourhoods near underground stations in Greater London

ABSTRACT Social equity, and the contribution that transport planning can make to social equity, are increasingly attracting the attention of transport planners and researchers. This perhaps reflects the heightened levels of social inequity in cities and the concern over differential access to transport and participation in activities. This paper considers these issues by applying the Capabilities Approach to transport, in order to examine an individual’s opportunities to travel and engage in activities (capabilities) and their actual day to day travel and engagement in activities (functionings). London is selected as a case study using analysis from three Underground stations on the Jubilee Line Extension. The findings show that there are statistically significant differences in terms of capabilities and functionings across the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals, and also across different neighbourhoods in London. It is argued that unless local residents’ potential travel opportunities and actual activities, and the gaps between them, are better understood and responded to, the problem of transport-related social inequity is likely to persist in London. Therefore, we suggest that the findings from this research, including the multi-dimensional social indicators and understanding of the barriers to accessibility, could be used alongside existing approaches such as accessibility planning.
Pharmacodynamic profile of Zaleplon, a new non‐benzodiazepine hypnotic agent

The challenge in developing hypnotic agents for the treatment of insomnia is to balance the sedative effect needed at bedtime with the residual sedation on awakening. Zaleplon is a novel pyrazolopyrimidine hypnotic agent that acts as a selective agonist to the brain omega1 receptor situated on the alpha1 subunit of the GABAA receptor complex. Zaleplon was proven to be an effective hypnotic drug as it consistently and significantly reduced latency to persistent sleep in insomniac patients for doses of 10 mg and above in polysomnography studies. The pharmacodynamic profile of zaleplon on psychomotor performance, actual driving and cognitive function, including memory, was assessed in several randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies in healthy young subjects as well as insomniac patients by using various positive controls (zolpidem, zopiclone, triazolam and flurazepam). The recommended hypnotic dose of zaleplon in young adults (10 mg) produced minimal or no impairment of psychomotor and memory performance even when administered during the night as little as 1 h before waking. No impairment of actual driving was observed when zaleplon 10 mg was administered either at bedtime or in the middle of the night as little as 4 h before waking. Zaleplon 20 mg, twice the recommended dose, generally produced significant impairment of performance and cognitive functions when these functions were measured at the time of peak plasma concentration, i.e. 1 h after dose administration, and no impairment of driving abilities was observed 4 h after a middle‐of‐the‐night administration. In contrast, consistent detrimental residual effects on various aspects of psychomotor and cognitive functions were observed with the therapeutic doses of the various commonly prescribed hypnotic agents used as comparators, e.g. zolpidem 10 mg up to 5 h after dose administration, zopiclone 7.5 mg up to 10 h after, flurazepam 30 mg up to 14 h after and triazolam 0.25 mg up to 6 h after. Also, zolpidem 10 mg and zopiclone 7.5 mg were also shown to significantly impair driving ability the next morning when this was measured 4 h and up to 10 h after dose administration, respectively. The present review shows that zaleplon 10 mg has little or no residual effect when administered in the middle of the night, as late as 1 h before waking, and is devoid of impairment of driving abilities as assessed by actual driving 4 h after dose administration. The lack of clinically significant or minimally statistically significant residual effects of zaleplon even at its peak concentration may be explained by its unique pharmacokinetic (rapid elimination half‐life) and pharmacodynamic (low affinity, and specific binding profile to various subunits of the GABAAreceptor) profiles. These properties allow zaleplon to be used for treatment of symptoms only when they occur, either at bedtime or later in the night, without incurring significant risk of developing next‐day impairment of psychomotor and cognitive functioning. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Political Consequences of National Crisis Management: Micro-Level Evidence from German Voters During the 2008/9 Global Economic Crisis

How does national crisis management affect the electoral fortunes of coalition governments? Drawing on micro-level data from just before the 2009 federal elections in Germany, this article investigates how voters' evaluation of specific policies against the global financial crisis affected approval of and voting intentions for the then-governing grand coalition. We find that voters in favour of the two most prominent anti-crisis policies, the car-scrap bonus and the public guarantee for banks, were more likely to approve of and to vote for the two incumbent parties. These evaluations of specific policies influenced individuals' vote choice in addition to their assessments of the economic situation more generally and in addition to party identification. This suggests that even in the greatest economic turmoil with blurred political responsibilities, government parties can win or lose voters through the implementation of specific economic policies.
Why must a solar forcing be larger than a CO2 forcing to cause the same global mean surface temperature change?

Many previous studies have shown that a solar forcing must be greater than a CO2 forcing to cause the same global mean surface temperature change but a process-based mechanistic explanation is lacking in the literature. In this study, we investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for the lower efficacy of solar forcing compared to an equivalent CO2 forcing. Radiative forcing is estimated using the Gregory method that regresses top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative flux against the change in global mean surface temperature. For a 2.25% increase in solar irradiance that produces the same long term global mean warming as a doubling of CO2 concentration, we estimate that the efficacy of solar forcing is ∼80% relative to CO2 forcing in the NCAR CAM5 climate model. We find that the fast tropospheric cloud adjustments especially over land and stratospheric warming in the first four months cause the slope of the regression between the TOA net radiative fluxes and surface temperature to be steeper in the solar forcing case. This steeper slope indicates a stronger net negative feedback and hence correspondingly a larger solar forcing than CO2 forcing for the same equilibrium surface warming. Evidence is provided that rapid land surface warming in the first four months sets up a land-sea contrast that markedly affects radiative forcing and the climate feedback parameter over this period. We also confirm the robustness of our results using simulations from the Hadley Centre climate model. Our study has important implications for estimating the magnitude of climate change caused by volcanic eruptions, solar geoengineering and past climate changes caused by change in solar irradiance such as Maunder minimum.
Current Perspectives on Particulate Induced Pulmonary Tumours

1 Chronic exposure to insoluble particulates can lead to the development of pulmonary tumours. These have been classified as broncho-alveolar or squamous/epidermoid according to their histopathological characteristics and have been reported in inhalation studies in rats of materials ranging from diesel exhaust and silica to titanium dioxide. 2 The sequence of changes within the rat lung leading to tumours has been characterised. It is apparent that one prerequisite is that the lung load of the particulate matter must exceed the normal clearance capacity, either by overloading the normal alveolar macrophage mediated mechanism or by induction of toxicity with materials such as silica. This results in inflammatory responses, including, or resulting in, epithelial hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia. The persistence of these tissue responses over chronic time periods can lead to tumorigenesis. 3 Research into the mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of both the inflammatory response and subsequent tumorigenic response to lung particulate loading is in progress. Impairment of macrophage function and mobility by inert particles constitutes one route by which this can arise, as does toxicity to this cell type by biologically reactive particles. At the molecular level, the role of inflammatory mediators, especially the cytokines, has received much attention. 4 Particulate induced lung tumours are perceived to be a phenomenon specific to the rat and their relevance to man is questionable.