Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing economic growth: what role for public investment?

This paper discusses the role of public investment in the determination of output growth from different theoretical and empirical points of view. The light is shed on the factors that allegedly explain the success and/or the failure of public investment policies in enhancing productivity and supporting GDP, based on a review of empirical evidence in advanced and developing economies. The downstream objective is to provide decision makers with a set of general rules-of-thumb that are likely to help them improve the macroeconomic returns of public investment. The latter are found to be significantly influenced by efficiency and profitability-based selectivity of investment projects. Countries with a relatively low capital-labor ratio usually have higher public and private capital profitability, while the public-private investment substitutability increases the likelihood of crowding out effects. The paper also gives hints on the possible existence of an optimal growth-maximizing level of public investment.
Emotional conflict processing in adolescent Chronic Fatigue Syndrome : a 1 pilot study using f MRI 2 3

Emotional conflict processing in adolescent Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: a 1 pilot study using fMRI 2 3 Laura Anne Wortinger , Tor Endestad, Annika Melinder, Merete 4 Glenne Øie , Dag Sulheim , Even Fagermoen, and Vegard Bruun 5 Wyller 6 7 Department of Pediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway 8 Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway 9 Cognitive Developmental Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 10 Norway 11 Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway 12 Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Norway 13 Department of Pediatrics, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway 14 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Grazing by mesozooplankton from Kiel Bight, Baltic Sea, on different sized algae and natural seston size fractions

Grazing experiments were conducted with natural mesozooplankton from Kiel Bight, Germany, using radioactive labelled phytoplankton cultures and seston size fractions. The results of experiments using phytoplankton cultures indicated that bivalve veligers performed highest clearance of particles within a size range of 4.7 to 6.3 pm, whereas optimum particle size for copepods was 15 pm. The results of experiments using labelled natural seston size fractions identified bivalve veligers and appendicularians as those responsible for the removal of particles within the smallest size class (<2 μm) Seston size fractions larger than 5 pm were mainly cleared by copepods and nauplii. As particle size increased, the contribution of copepod clearance to total zooplankton clearance within size classes increased from 57 % (<5 pm size class) to more than 81 % (30 to 100 pm size class). When the nauplii clearance rates were included, the total copepod clearance accounted for 90 to 97.6% of the total volume cleared of particles bigger than 10 pm. Despite low abundances of bivalve veligers and appendicularians in Kiel Bight at the time of the experiment, we calculated that approximately 10 and 8.5 %, respectively, of the carbon ingested by total mesozooplankton was due to veliger and appendicularian grazing. The importance of bivalve veligers might be seen in their grazing on seston particles that escape predation by copepods and on the amount of energy that is therefore directed from the water column to the benthos when larvae settle.
A New Eastern North Pacific Smoothhound Shark (Genus Mustelus, Family Triakidae) from the Gulf of California

Abstract A new Smoothhound shark, Mustelus hacat, is described from the eastern North Pacific. Four species of the genus Mustelus had been previously recognized in this area: M. californicus, M. henlei, M. lunulatus, and M. dorsalis. Mustelus hacat is described on the basis of 36 specimens caught in the Gulf of California. Among the Smoothhound sharks in the eastern North Pacific, M. hacat is distinguished mainly by having color uniform dark gray-brown above, white below, with conspicuously white tips and trailing edges of dorsal, pectoral, anal, and caudal fins; upper jaw teeth cuspidate and distinctly asymmetric, with low rounded cusp and prominent cusplet present in teeth of juveniles; upper jaw labial folds notably longer than lower jaw labial folds; and inter-nostril and inter-orbital space wide. Because these species have long been misidentified, we present a key to species using morphological and morphometric features found to be useful taxonomic characters to distinguish them. En este trabajo describimos una nueva especie de tiburón Musola, Mustelus hacat, del Pacifico Noreste. Previamente, en esta área habian sido reconocidas cuatro especies del género Mustelus: M. californicus, M. henlei, M. lunulatus, y M. dorsalis. Mustelus hacat es descrita con base en 36 especimenes que fueron capturados en el Golfo de California. Entre los tiburones del género presentes en el Pacifico Noreste, M. hacat es distinguido principalmente por su patrón de coloración, el cual es café-gris oscuro uniforme arriba, blanco abajo, con puntas y bordes posteriores blancos en aletas dorsales, pectorales, anal y caudal; la forma de sus dientes, los cuales son notablemente asimétricos, con una cúspide redonda, y una cúspide accesoria prominente en los dientes de juveniles; por tener pliegues labiales superiores notablemente más largos que los pliegues labiales inferiores; y espacios inter-narial e inter-orbital amplios. Debido a que estas especies han sido mal identificadas desde hace mucho tiempo, presentamos una clave dicotómica usando caracteristicas morfológicas y morfométricas que han mostrado ser caracteres taxonómicos útiles para distinguirlas.
Cephalometric Evaluation of The Patients with Osas : Uvulo-Glossophareyngeal And Cervico-Craniofacial Skeletally Morphology

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, obstruktif uyku apne sendromlu (OUAS) hastalarda, arka hava yolunda meydana gelen obstruksiyonun lokalizasyonunun belirlenmesinde sefalometrik radyografinin önemini ortaya koymak. Bireyler ve Yöntem: OUAS teşhisi konan 61 hastanın (27 kadın, 34 erkek) uvuloglossopharyngeal ve serviko-kraniofasiyal iskeletsel morfolojisini sefalometrik olarak değerlendirmek amacıyla sefalometrik filmler alınmış ve çeşitli ölçümler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen ölçümler, 80 yetişkin (36 kadın, 44 erkek), sağlıklı, iskeletsel sınıf I bireyden elde edilen kranial ve farengeal değerlerle karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: OUAS’lı hastalarda kontrol grubuna göre daha uzun yumuşak damak (P-Pm) tespit edildi. Midsagittal düzlemde yumuşak damak kalınlığının (x-y) kontrol grubuna göre daha fazla olduğu belirlendi. OSAS’lı hastalarda hyoid kemiğin kontrol grubuna göre daha aşağıda konumlandığı, dilin daha yukarıda konumlandığı (TH-Z) tespit edildi. OUAS’a sahip hastalarda hava yolunun, anteroposterior yönde tüm seviyelerde (af1-pf1, af2-pf2, af3-pf3, af4-pf4) önemli bir şekilde daralmış olduğu gözlendi. OSAS’lı hastalarda belirlenen en önemi bir diğer bulgu, artmış kranioservical açıyla birlikte görülen ekstansiyonda baş posturüdür. Sonuç: OUAS’lu hastaların tümünde, üst hava yollarında daralma mevcuttur. OUAS’lu hastaların kraniyofasiyal ve farengeal anatomisi lateral sefalometri ile ayrıntılı olarak incelenebilir ve sefalometrik analiz, OUAS’lı hastaların teşhisinde önerilen çok önemli bir araçtır. (Türk Or to don ti Der gi si 2012;25:3-20)
Title Heterogeneous Exits : Evidence from New Firms

This paper explores heterogeneous exits—bankruptcy, voluntary liquidation, and merger—by focusing on new firms. Using a sample of approximately 16,000 firms founded in Japan during 1997–2004, we examine the determinants of new-firm exit according to forms of exit. Regarding industry-specific characteristics, our findings indicate that new firms in capital-intensive and R&D-intensive industries are less likely to go bankrupt. In industries characterized by large amounts of capital and low price–cost margins, new firms are more likely to exit through voluntary liquidation and merger. Region-specific characteristics, such as regional agglomeration and unemployment rate, have significant effects on the hazards of exit, and their effects vary across different forms of exit. Moreover, we provide evidence that firm-specific characteristics, such as the number of employees, and entrepreneur-specific characteristics, such as educational background and age, play significantly different roles in determining each form of exit.
Creativity in a 21 st Century Education 1

The 2006 UNESCO conference Building Creative Competencies for the 21 st Century was international in its participants and global in its reach. The proclamation of the Director-General that ‘Creativity is our hope ’ captured the essence of the conference proceedings and the focus on creativity was seen as offering solutions to global problems (UNESCO, 2006: 5). Yet, according to Banaji (2008: 1), while creativity might be seen as a solution to all problems, it is ‘neither understood properly nor given more than superficial significance’ in education. A further difficulty is the tendency to see creativity only through Western eyes. There is a need for consideration of other cultural views. Only by doing so might we gain insights that can inform educational practice in the 21 st century global community. This paper will discuss some recent studies of creativity, reflecting the growing interest in it globally and comparing it with the established Western perspectives. A more comprehensive, international perspective might support a press for fostering creative thinking in schools and inform practices in our increasingly interconnected world. The training of teachers, however, needs to include an introduction to the diversity of views as well as the expectations of the local contexts.
Institutional Trading Around M&A Announcements

Takeover targets often experience substantial share price appreciations around public announcements of mergers and acquisitions. We analyze hedge fund and mutual fund holdings around takeover announcements to assess the differences in investment strategies across institutions. Our results indicate that hedge funds in the aggregate increase their holdings of soon-to-be takeover targets by 7.2% during the quarter prior to the public announcement. Conversely, mutual funds reduce their equity holdings in impending targets by 3.0% during the quarter before M&A announcements and therefore potentially forgo profitable investment opportunities.
A Banach space dichotomy theorem for quotients of subspaces

A Banach space X with a Schauder basis is defined to have the restricted quotient hereditarily indecomposable property if X/Y is hereditarily indecomposable for any infinite-codimensional subspace Y with a successive finite-dimensional decomposition on the basis of X. The following dichotomy theorem is proved: any infinite-dimensional Banach space contains a quotient of a subspace which either has an unconditional basis, or has the restricted quotient hereditarily indecomposable property.
Heavily reddened z ∼ 2 Type 1 quasars – II. H α star formation constraints from SINFONI IFU observations

The authors thank the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) via the Consolidated Grant awarded to the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge. SA-Z acknowledges the support from Peterhouse, Cambridge, and the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge. The narrow-band imaging study is based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Sill a Paranal Observatory under programme ID: 290.A-5062. The IFU study is based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme IDs:383.A-0573 (PI:McMahon) and 091.A-0341 (PI:Banerji).
Overborrowing, Deleveraging and a Great Recession

This paper examines the role of overborrowing, deleveraging, and an incomplete nancial market in driving an economy to a great recession with a binding zero lower bound on the nominal interest rate (ZLB). There are two key features that dierentiate my work from the current literature of deleveraging and the ZLB. First, I endogenize the debt limit of borrowers by tying it to the market value of collateral assets. Second, and more importantly, I allow for overborrowing by calibrating the model to match with the high debt-to-income ratio at the onset of the Great Recession for the U.S. homeowners that owned a house in 1997. I am able to show that the second feature makes the ZLB more likely to bind under an adverse shock to the credit market. When the ZLB binds, a great recession emerges with a free fall in output and the price level, mostly due to the Fisherian debt deation
Competitive pressure determinants and innovation at the firm level

This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between indicators of competitive pressure and innovation incentives using panel data of Spanish manufacturing firms for the period 1990-2006. Instead of using standard indicators of competition, such as market concentration measures or firms’ price costs margins, we analyze a number of indicators of competitive pressure directly related to the demand and cost conditions faced by firms. We consider the likely different incentives faced by firms to undertake product innovation versus process innovation efforts, and estimate a multivariate probit model for the probability of firms to introduce product innovations, process innovations or both. Our results are consistent with the theoretical predictions of Vives (2008) for free entry. We obtain that product market substitutability, entry costs and market size significantly affect the probability to introduce product and process innovations but that the effect of these variables differs among the type of innovation. We also find different effects of competitive pressure on innovation when taking into account the efficiency level of the firm relative to the efficiency distribution within its industry.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND RAINFALL VARIABILITY IN THE CITY OF CAMPINA GRANDE-PB: ANALYSIS FROM HISTORICAL SERIES OF PRECIPITATION

Currently, the climate changes have generated many discussions, constituting one of the major concerns with regard to their effects. Several are the impacts arising from climate change, whether in social, economic and environmental context. Some climate models have shown trends of reduction of rains to the northeast in the wettest months, which could increase the frequency and intensity of droughts and reduce the availability of water resources. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the trends and variability of climatological precipitation series in the city of Campina Grande-PB, using daily series of pluvial precipitation over a period of 50 years. The statistical analysis and the preparation of the graphics were made with the ClimAp Software, which have been assessed the extremes of precipitation (days with rainfall ≥ 1 mm; days with rainfall ≥ 10 mm; days with rainfall ≥ 20 mm); Per95p and Pr99p (number of days with precipitation ≥ 95% and the 99%) of significant rainfall, highest rainfall in 1 day rain, annual total and its standardized deviation, monthly and quarterly averages of precipitation, annual total-linear regression, and sequential Mann-Kendall test. Through this research was possible to conclude that the city of Campina Grande presents annual distributions of irregular precipitation, with a slight increase in year-to-year variability, but without statistical significance
The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: the EGS deep field – I. Deep number counts and the redshift distribution of the recovered cosmic infrared background at 450 and 850 μ m

We present deep observations at 450 and 850 μm in the Extended Groth Strip field taken with the SCUBA-2 camera mounted on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the deep SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS), achieving a central instrumental depth of σ450 = 1.2 mJy beam-1 and σ850 = 0.2 mJy beam-1. We detect 57 sources at 450 μm and 90 at 850 μm with signal-to-noise ratio >3.5 over ˜70 arcmin2. From these detections, we derive the number counts at flux densities S450 > 4.0 mJy and S850 > 0.9 mJy, which represent the deepest number counts at these wavelengths derived using directly extracted sources from only blank-field observations with a single-dish telescope. Our measurements smoothly connect the gap between previous shallower blank-field single-dish observations and deep interferometric ALMA results. We estimate the contribution of our SCUBA-2 detected galaxies to the cosmic infrared background (CIB), as well as the contribution of 24 μm-selected galaxies through a stacking technique, which add a total of 0.26 ± 0.03 and 0.07 ± 0.01 MJy sr-1, at 450 and 850 μm, respectively. These surface brightnesses correspond to 60 ± 20 and 50 ± 20 per cent of the total CIB measurements, where the errors are dominated by those of the total CIB. Using the photometric redshifts of the 24 μm-selected sample and the redshift distributions of the submillimetre galaxies, we find that the redshift distribution of the recovered CIB is different at each wavelength, with a peak at z ˜ 1 for 450 μm and at z ˜ 2 for 850 μm, consistent with previous observations and theoretical models.
A Comparison of the Loneliness Levels of Turkish University Students in Terms of Internet Use

The objective of this research was to compare the loneliness levels of Turkish university students in terms of Internet use. This was a descriptive and comparative study involving a total of 525 students in Izmir, 258 female and 267 male, who participated voluntarily. The instruments were the personal information form and the UCLA loneliness scale, and a t-test was use to compare the data. The results revealed that loneliness points were significantly higher for students who preferred the Internet rather than being with friends (t519 = 6. 013, p = .001 and those who preferred social chats online rather than their actual friends (t519= 5. 666, p = .001). The loneliness level was higher for those who cannot postpone their Internet use (t520 = 1.704, p = .089) and those who could not give up Internet use (t521 = .126, p = .900); however, a significant relationship was not found. This study reiterates the importance of Internet use or online computer hours for students, and the importance of media literacy training. To cope with loneliness, students need to bond with their peers, establish more fulfilling relationships, and develop their social skills. Schools on should place importance social skills training, effective communication skills, and art and cultural activities. It is essential to have some strategies to prevent Internet addiction.
Biological Control of Bacterial Spot Disease of Pepper with Bacillus Strains

Bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) is a devastating pepper (Capsicum annuum) disease in Turkey. Biological control of Xanthomonas axanopodis pv. vesicatoria is of great interest, in terms of environmental safety and economic return. In this study, 3 Bacillus strains isolated from soil samples of the rhizospheres of peppers grown in greenhouses and fields were used to suppress the size of the population of X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. Results indicated that disease development decreased by 11%-62% and 38%-67% in pepper plants inoculated with the 3 Bacillus strains alone and in combination, respectively, in greenhouse and field experiments. In addition, stem diameter, root elongation, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and yield increased in response to the treatments in the field experiment by 7.0%-20.5%, 7.0%-17.0%, 4.5%-23.5%, 16.5%-38.5%, and by 11.0%-33.0%, respectively. This is the first study to report the successful biological control of bacterial spot disease caused by X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria using Bacillus species in Turkey.
Chemical depletion in the Large Magellanic Cloud: RV Tauri stars and the photospheric feedback from their dusty discs. ?

Aims. By studying the photospheric abundances of 4 RV Tauri stars in the LMC, we test whether the depletion pattern of refractory elements, seen in similar Galactic sources, is also common for extragalactic sources. Since this depletion process probably only occurs through interaction with a stable disc, we investigate the circumstellar environment of these sources. Methods. A detailed photospheric abundance study was performed using high-resolution UVES optical spectra. To study the circumstellar environment we use photometric data to construct the spectral energy distributions of the stars, and determine the geometry of the circumstellar environment, whereas low-resolution Spitzer-IRS infrared spectra are used to trace its mineralogy. Results. Our results show that, also in the LMC, the photospheres of RV Tauri stars are commonly affected by the depletion process, although it can differ significantly in strength from source to source. From our detailed disc modelling and mineralogy study, we find that this process, as in the Galaxy, appears closely related to the presence of a stable Keplerian disc. The newly studied extragalactic objects have similar observational characteristics as Galactic post-AGB binaries surrounded by a dusty disc, and are therefore also believed to be part of a binary system. One source shows a very small infrared excess, atypical for a disc source, but still has evidence for depletion. We speculate this could point to the presence of a very evolved disc, similar to debris discs seen around young stellar objects.
Audit Committee Independence, Meeting Frequency, Attendance and Financial Reporting Quality of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

Audit committee is a statutorily corporate governance mechanism introduced to curb financial reporting manipulation therefore enhanced the quality of financial reports. However, the effectiveness of the audit committee is dependent on its attributes. This paper examines the influence of the audit committee attributes of independence, meeting frequency and attendance on the financial reporting quality of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Data was generated from the annual reports and accounts of six purposively sampled banks during the period 2003 to 2012. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation statistics and OLS regression. The results show that audit committee independence has negative and significant influence on financial reporting quality of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. While, audit committee meeting frequency and attendance has positive and significant influence on financial reporting quality of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The paper recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria should step up monitoring the appointment of persons into audit committees and amend the provision of having shareholders and directors on audit committee to all members being independent Non-Executive Directors (NEDs), increase the minimum number of meetings from three to at least four, and regulate for the replacement of any member who is absent at meetings more than once in a year. Keywords: Audit committee, independence, meeting frequency, attendance, financial reporting quality.