Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the stability of a beta-hairpin peptide that folds in water: NMR and molecular dynamics analysis of the beta-turn and beta-strand contributions to folding.

NMR studies of the folding and conformational properties of a beta-hairpin peptide, several peptide fragments of the hairpin, and sequence-modified analogues, have enabled the various contributions to beta-hairpin stability in water to be dissected. Temperature and pH-induced unfolding studies indicate that the folding-unfolding equilibrium approximates to a two-state model. The hairpin is highly resistant to denaturation and is still significantly folded in 7 M urea at 298 K. Thermodynamic analysis shows the hairpin to fold in water with a significant change in heat capacity, however, DeltaCp degrees in 7 M urea is reduced. V/Y-->A mutations on one strand of the hairpin reduce folding to <10 %, consistent with a hydrophobic stabilisation model. We show that in a truncated peptide (residues 6-16) lacking the hydrophobic residues on one beta-strand, the type I' Asn-Gly turn in the sequence SINGKK is significantly populated in water in the absence of interstrand hydrophobic contacts. Unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations of unfolding, using an explicit solvation model, show that the conformation of the NG turn persists for longer than the AG analogue, which has a much lower propensity for type I' turn formation from a data base analysis of preferred turns. The origin of the high stability of the Asn-Gly turn is not entirely clear; data base analysis of 66 NG turns, together with molecular dynamics simulations, reveals no participation of the Asn side-chain in turn-stabilising interactions with the peptide backbone. However, hydration analysis of the molecular dynamics simulations reveals a pocket of "high density" water bridging between the Asn side-chain and peptide main-chain that suggests solvent-mediated interactions may play an important role in modulating phi,psi propensities in the NG turn region.
Conformers of gaseous proline.

Accurate geometries, relative energies, rotational and quartic centrifugal distortion constants, dipole moments, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and infrared intensities were determined from ab initio electronic structure calculations for eighteen conformers of the neutral form of the amino acid L-proline. Only four conformers have notable population at low and moderate temperature. The second most stable conformer is only 2+/-2 kJ mol(-1) above the global minimum, while the third and fourth conformers are nearly degenerate and have an excess energy of 7+/-2 kJ mol(-1) relative to the global minimum. All four conformers have one hydrogen bond: N.HO in the lower energy pair of conformers, and NH.O in the higher energy pair of conformers. The conformer pairs differ only in their ring puckering. The relative energies of the conformers include corrections for valence electron correlation, extrapolated to the complete basis set limit, as well as core correlation and relativistic effects. Structural features of the pyrrolidine ring of proline are discussed by using the concept of pseudorotation. The accurate rotational and quartic centrifugal distortion constants as well as the vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities should aid identification and characterization of the conformers of L-proline by rotational and vibrational spectroscopy, respectively. Bonding features of L-proline, especially intramolecular hydrogen bonds, were investigated by the atoms-in-molecules (AIM) technique.
Postprandial hypotension in response to duodenal glucose delivery in healthy older subjects

Postprandial hypotension occurs frequently in older people and may lead to syncope and falls. Some recent studies suggest that the magnitude of the postprandial fall in blood pressure (BP) is influenced by the rate of gastric emptying. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine whether the fall in blood pressure induced by intraduodenal glucose is influenced by the rate of nutrient delivery into the small intestine, bypassing the effects of gastric emptying. Eight healthy elderly subjects (four male and four female, age 70.3 ± 3.4 years) were studied on two separate days, in double‐blind, randomised order. Glucose was infused intraduodenally at a rate of either 1 or 3 kcal min−1, for 60 min, (0–60 min) followed by 0.9 % saline for a further 60 min (60–120 min). Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at baseline and every 3 min during the study. Blood glucose and plasma insulin were also determined. Only the 3 kcal min−1 infusion caused a significant fall in systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic (P < 0.0001) blood pressure and an increase in the heart rate (P < 0.0001). The rises in blood glucose (P < 0.01) and plasma insulin (P < 0.05) concentrations were greater during the 3 kcal min−1 infusion. We conclude that in healthy older subjects, the magnitude of the fall in blood pressure and increase in heart rate induced by intraduodenal glucose infusion is dependent on the rate of nutrient delivery into the small intestine. These results may have relevance to the treatment of postprandial hypotension.
Role of transmembrane domain 10 for the function of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1

The liver‐specific organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 are highly homologous and share numerous substrates. However, at low concentrations OATP1B1 shows substrate selectivity for estrone‐3‐sulfate. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism for this substrate selectivity of OATP1B1 by constructing OATP1B1/1B3 chimeric transporters and by site‐directed mutagenesis. Functional studies of chimeras showed that transmembrane domain 10 is critical for the function of OATP1B1. We further identified four amino acid residues, namely L545, F546, L550, and S554 in TM10, whose simultaneous mutation caused almost complete loss of OATP1B1‐mediated estrone‐3‐sulfate transport. Comparison of the kinetics of estrone‐3‐sulfate transport confirmed a biphasic pattern for OATP1B1, but showed a monophasic pattern for the quadruple mutant L545S/F546L/L550T/S554T. This mutant also showed reduced transport for other OATP1B1 substrates such as bromosulfophthalein and [D‐penicillamine2,5]enkephalin. Helical wheel analysis and molecular modeling suggest that L545 is facing the substrate translocation pathway, whereas F546, L550, and S554 are located inside the protein. These results indicate that L545 might contribute to OATP1B1 function by interacting with substrates, whereas F546, L550, and S554 seem important for protein structure. In conclusion, our results show that TM10 is critical for the function of OATP1B1.
HEMOSTASIS, THROMBOSIS, AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY Fibrates Suppress Fibrinogen Gene Expression in Rodents Via Activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- a

Plasma fibrinogen levels have been identified as an impor- tant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Among the few compounds known to lower circulating fibrinogen levels in humans are certain fibrates. We have studied the regulation of fibrinogen gene expression by fibrates in rodents. Treat- ment of adult male rats with fenofibrate (0.5% [wt/wt] in the diet) for 7 days decreased hepatic A a -, B b -, and g -chain mRNA levels to 52% 6 7%, 46% 6 8%, and 81% 6 19% of control values, respectively. In parallel, plasma fibrinogen concentrations were decreased to 63% 6 7% of controls. The suppression of fibrinogen expression was dose-dependent and was already evident after 1 day at the highest dose of fenofibrate tested (0.5% [wt/wt]). Nuclear run-on experi- ments showed that the decrease in fibrinogen expression after fenofibrate occurred at the transcriptional level, as exemplified for the gene for the A a -chain. Other fibrates tested showed similar effects on fibrinogen expression and transcription. The effect of fibrates is specific for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- a (PPAR a ) because a high-affinity ligand for PPAR g , the thiazolidinedione BRL 49653, lowered triglyceride levels, but was unable to suppress fibrinogen expression. Direct evidence for the involvement of PPAR a in the suppression of fibrinogen by fibrates was obtained using PPAR a -null ( 2 / 2 ) mice. Compared with ( 1 / 1 ) mice, plasma fibrinogen levels in ( 2 / 2 ) mice were significantly higher (3.20 6 0.48 v
It Depends on Where You Search: A Comparison of Institutional and Retail Attention

We propose a direct measure of abnormal institutional investor attention (AIA) at the daily frequency using the news-searching and news-reading activity for specific stocks on Bloomberg terminals. We find AIA to be highly correlated with measures of contemporaneous institutional trading, and related to but different from other investor attention proxies, including user requests at EDGAR which are limited to specific regulatory filings. Importantly, AIA enables us to directly contrast institutional attention with retail attention measured using Google search frequency. We find that institutional attention responds more quickly to major news events, triggers more trading, and is less constrained, compared to retail attention. In sharp contrast to retail attention which results in positive and temporary price pressure, AIA facilitates permanent price adjustment and alleviates price under-reaction to news. The well-documented price drifts following both earnings announcements and analyst recommendation changes come only from announcements where institutional investors fail to pay attention, according to our measure.
Patient‐ventilator interactions in new modes of patient‐triggered ventilation *

Recently, synchronized modes of conventional mechanical ventilation became available for neonatal ventilatory support, but there has been little information regarding details of patient‐ventilator interactions during pressure support, volume support, or any other volume‐targeted modes of synchronized ventilation in newborn infants. Our objective was to obtain comparative data on patient‐ventilator interactions and stability of delivered tidal volume (VT) for the different modes of synchronized mechanical ventilation in stable ventilated newborn infants. We examined the effects of pressure support ventilation (PSV) and volume guarantee (VG) modes of a prototype Dräger Babylog® ventilator on peak and mean airway pressures (PIP and Paw), inspiratory time (tin), and VT in 23 ventilated newborn infants. Twelve infants were studied while on assist/control (AC) and 11 on synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV). Mean birth weight was 1,650 ± 1,180 g, gestational age 31 ± 6 weeks, and age at time of study was 19 ± 26 days. Data for 400–600 breaths from each infant were downloaded directly from the ventilator pressure and volume‐monitoring module, and analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures. Mean values and breath‐to‐breath variability were compared for 20‐min periods of AC or SIMV followed by PSV, PSV+VG, and back to baseline AC or SIMV.
HIV Prevention in the Hispanic Community: Sex, Culture, and Empowerment

To address the serious HIV epidemic in the Hispanic community in the United States, the underlying causes of the epidemic must be addressed. Marginalization, including homophobia, poverty, and racism, as well as cultural factors such as machismo and sexual silence disempower people, making HIV prevention difficult. This article reviews evidence for the impact of marginalization and cultural factors on HIV risk and proposes a cycle of disempowerment. Three examples of empowerment interventions developed specifically for Hispanics (targeting heterosexuals, women, and gay men) are presented, and how these interventions address disempowerment is discussed. One intervention is used to illustrate principles of developing culturally appropriate interventions.
Start of the Wilson Cycle at 3 Ga Shown by Diamonds from Subcontinental Mantle

Mineral inclusions in diamonds reveal that the modern pattern of continent movements began around 3 billion years ago. Mineral inclusions encapsulated in diamonds are the oldest, deepest, and most pristine samples of Earth’s mantle. They provide age and chemical information over a period of 3.5 billion years—a span that includes continental crustal growth, atmospheric evolution, and the initiation of plate tectonics. We compiled isotopic and bulk chemical data of silicate and sulfide inclusions and found that a compositional change occurred 3.0 billion years ago (Ga). Before 3.2 Ga, only diamonds with peridotitic compositions formed, whereas after 3.0 Ga, eclogitic diamonds became prevalent. We suggest that this resulted from the capture of eclogite and diamond-forming fluids in subcontinental mantle via subduction and continental collision, marking the onset of the Wilson cycle of plate tectonics.
NEGOTIATING STRATEGIES: AN EFFECTIVE WAY FOR PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES TO COMMUNICATE FOR SERVICES

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Problem Statement . 2 Purpose of the Project . 4 CHAPTER TWO: ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVES . 6 Background . 6 Student Rights in Education . 11 Communication . 12 Defining Communication . 13 Conflict . 15 CHAPTER THREE: POWER . 21 CHAPTER FOUR: NEGOTIATION THEORY . 26 Negotiation . 27 Mediation . 35 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION . 37 APPENDIX A: ADVOCATING FOR YOUR CHILD WITH SPECIAL NEEDS . 40 REFERENCES . 43
‘Frame Dominance’ and the SerialOrganization of Babbling, and First Words in Korean-Learning Infants

Abstract Korean-learning infant patterns in babbling and single words were compared with those of English-learning infants and with Korean adult-directed and infantdirected speech to evaluate the roles of intrinsic production constraints proposed by the frame dominance hypothesis versus early learning mechanisms based on input regularities. Intrasyllabic patterns in babbling of Korean-learning infants were like those of English-learning infants. These patterns were not present in Korean infant-directed speech, providing evidence for the assertion that they are intrinsic to infants, and not triggered by input. Unlike English-learning infants, however, Korean-learning infants did not show the expected intrasyllabic patterns in their first words, suggesting that the intrinsic constraints can be overcome in first words if they conflict with ambient speech patterns as they do in Korean. Intersyllabic patterns of Korean-learning infants were mostly similar to those of English-learning infants, showing preferences for consonant manner and vowel height variegation in babbling though only a vowel variegation preference in words. Some implications of the results for generative phonology are considered.
AUDITING PROFESSION REGULATION: LESSON LEARNED FROM CODE AND COMMON LAW COUNTRIES REGULATORY APPROACHES

Regulation has been defined as the “the public administrative policing of a private activity with respect to a rule in the public interest” (Mitnick, 1980). Furthermore, it is believed that “regulation is a process consisting of the intentional restriction of a subject’s choice of activity, by an entity not directly party to or involved in that activity” (Mitnick, 1980). In addition to the above definitions, Sylph (2005) adds that regulation is “the making and implementing of rules which direct or constrain the behaviour of a person or group of people being regulated”. The legal system applied in any country contributes strongly to the decision concerning what type of regulation to adopt in respect of the auditing profession, whether this is a system of government, or self-regulation (Roberts et al., 2008; Nakpodia et al., 2018). Auditing regulation follows accounting regulation, the main objective of which is to subject the accounting process to a system of rules in the preparation of financial reports. Once these reports are prepared, the auditing function comes into play, and hence the regulatory process for both aspects is interlinked. Abstract
Magnetism and Its Effects on the Living System

This book is the result of years of investigations into the laws of magnetism and is the first book ever written explaining how The fact that explains how magnetism and the magnetic energy to know about. Available and distinct energies the human effects albert roy davis. The scientific literature it goes into the most informative books or by far 1970's. The alibris warehouse and is the, correct amount. Rawls expresses the magnetic energies albert roy davis and offfer additional information you. Rawls jr in the opposite polarities attract each other materials using. Rawls have given the figure eight of spin in a start into following. Tom levy presents application of the pioneers in about. Biomagnetics is shown for specific applications the genetics. Also find out how magnetism affects, your life span of davis.
Mobilizing Minds: Creating Wealth From Talent in the 21st Century Organization

Introduction : mobilizing mind power -- A new model. Opportunity for better design ; Designing organizations for the 21st century -- Ideas to manage better. Creating a backbone line structure ; One-company governance ; Dynamic management -- Ideas to improve the flow of intangibles. Formal networks ; Talent marketplaces ; Knowledge marketplaces -- Ideas to motivate better behaviors. Financial performance measurement for the 21st century ; Role-specific performance evaluation -- Conclusion. Organization design as strategy.
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis by Suppressing TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

Objective Renal fibrosis is the common pathological foundation of many chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) can preserve renal function by inhibiting the progression of renal fibrosis and the potential mechanisms. Methods Renal fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) performed on 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice. HSYA (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were intragastrically administered. Sham group and model group were administered with the same volume of vehicle. Serum and kidney samples were collected 14 days after the UUO surgery. Serum biochemical indicators were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Histological changes were evaluated by HE and Masson staining. In vitro, the anti-fibrotic effect of HSYA was tested on human recombinant transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulated HK-2 cells. The protein levels of α-SMA, collagen-I and fibronectin in kidney tissue andHK-2 cells were measured by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The protein levels of apoptosis-relative and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling were detected by western blot. Results HSYA slowed the development of renal fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. In UUO rats, renal function index suggested that HSYA treatment decreased the level of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) rose by UUO (P<0.05). HE staining and Masson staining demonstrated that kidney interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and inflammatory cell infiltration were notably attenuated in the high-dose HSYA group compared with the model group. The expressions of α-SMA, collagen-I and fibronectin were decreased in the UUO kidney and HK-2 cells of the HSYA-treatment group. Moreover, HSYA reduced the apoptotic rate of HK-2 cells stimulated by TGF-β1. Further study revealed that HSYA regulated the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway both in kidney tissue and HK-2 cells. Conclusions These results suggested that HSYA had a protective effect against fibrosis in renal cells, at least partly, through inhibiting TGF-β1/smad3-mediated Epithelial–mesenchymal transition signaling pathway.
Maternal Exercise Improves Glucose Tolerance in Female Offspring

Poor maternal diet can lead to metabolic disease in offspring, whereas maternal exercise may have beneficial effects on offspring health. In this study, we determined ifmaternal exercise could reverse the detrimental effects of maternal high-fat feeding on offspring metabolism of female mice. C57BL/6 female mice were fed a chow (21%) or high-fat (60%) diet and further divided by housing in static cages or cages with running wheels for 2 weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation. Females were bred with chow-fed sedentary C57BL/6 males. High fat–fed sedentary dams produced female offspring with impaired glucose tolerance compared with offspring of chow-fed dams throughout their first year of life, an effect not present in the offspring from high fat–fed dams that had trained. Offspring from high fat–fed trained dams had normalized glucose tolerance, decreased fasting insulin, and decreased adiposity. Liver metabolic function, measured by hepatic glucose production in isolated hepatocytes, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, liver triglyceride content, and liver enzyme expression, was enhanced in offspring from trained dams. In conclusion, maternal exercise negates the detrimental effects of a maternal high-fat diet on glucose tolerance and hepatocyte glucose metabolism in female offspring. The ability of maternal exercise to improve the metabolic health of female offspring is important, as this intervention could combat the transmission of obesity and diabetes to subsequent generations.
Raised Intraocular Pressure in Nonjuvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Uveitis Children: Risk Factors and Effect on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer

Purpose:To determine risk factors for intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and glaucoma in children with nonjuvenile idiopathic arthritis–related uveitis and any IOP-related changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. Patients and Methods:Clinical data were collected from children attending a tertiary referral uveitis clinic between May 2010 and October 2012. We assigned 206 eyes of 103 children into 32 normal eyes, 108 normotensive uveitics (NU), 41 hypertensive uveitics (HU: raised IOP without glaucomatous disc), and 25 glaucomatous uveitics (GU: raised IOP with glaucomatous disc). Risk factors for raised IOP, glaucoma and steroid response (SR) were evaluated and RNFL thickness across groups was compared with determine changes related to raised IOP. Results:IOP elevation occurred in 40 patients (38.8%) or 66/174 eyes with uveitis (37.9%); and SR occurred in 35.1% of all corticosteroid-treated eyes. Chronic uveitis was a significant risk factor for raised IOP [odds ratio (OR)=9.28, P=0.001], glaucoma, and SR (OR=8.4, P<0.001). Higher peak IOP was also a risk factor for glaucoma (OR=1.4, P=0.003). About 70% of SR eyes were high responders (IOP increase >15 mm Hg from baseline), associated with younger age and corticosteroid injections. Although no significant RNFL thinning was detected between HU and NU eyes, significant thinning was detected in the inferior quadrant of GU (121.3±28.9 &mgr;m) compared with NU eyes (142.1±32.0 &mgr;m, P=0.043). Conclusions:Children with chronic uveitis are at higher risk of raised IOP and glaucoma. Thinning of the inferior RNFL quadrant may suggest glaucomatous changes in uveitic children with raised IOP.