Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proton and helium release times in SEP events observed with SOHO/ERNE

We determine the proton and helium nuclei release times at the Sun for 25 SEP events within the time period May 8, 1996-June 20, 2001, and compare them to each other. The event onset times at 1 AU are determined with a Poisson-CUSUM method, and the solar release times are obtained by the velocity dispersion analysis. Velocity dispersions were derived in the energy range 14-51 MeV/n. If the release times of protons and helium nuclei do not overlap within their error limits, and if protons are released earlier than helium, then the helium event is defined as “delayed”. Seventeen helium events (68%) were found to be “delayed” and only eight (32%) “non-delayed”. The average delay was ($34 \pm 18$) minutes. The event-related flare location had an important role in the “non-delayed” events. A significant difference was found in the helium-to-proton ratios at the time of maximum intensity of the “delayed” and “non-delayed” events. No clear evidence was found that the “delayed” and “non-delayed” events would correspond the classical gradual-impulsive division of SEP events. We find that the delay is related to the poor magnetic connection between the flare site and the spacecraft.
No more CKY two-forms in the NHEK

We show that in the near-horizon limit of a Kerr–NUT–AdS black hole, the space of conformal Killing–Yano two-forms does not enhance and remains of dimension 2. The same holds for an analogous polar limit in the case of extremal NUT charge. We also derive the conformal Killing–Yano p-form equation for any background in an arbitrary dimension in the form of parallel transport.
Willingness to Communicate in L2 English: Impact of Learner Variables

Due to the growing emphasis of modern language pedagogy on meaningful communication, L2 willingness to communicate (WTC) has recently become an important concept in second language learning and communication. The present study investigated the effects of individual differences on Iranian EFL learners' willingness to communicate. As many as 431 students who were learning English as a foreign language in language centers served as the participants of the study. McCroskey's (1992) questionnaire was utilized to measure students' willingness to communicate. A series of independent-samples t-tests and one-way ANOVAs were run to provide answers to the research questions. The results indicated no significant difference among the participants in terms of gender, major, age, and personality types; however, significant difference was found with respect to other variables such as proficiency level, length of studying, being abroad, and communicating with foreigners. Therefore, the effects of Iranian EFL individual differences on their L2 WTC were partially confirmed. The importance of the present study lies in its theoretical contributions to the WTC research and the pedagogical implications for both second language teaching and learning.
Emerging Definitions of Leadership in Higher Education

The higher education literature suggests that alternative leadership styles are replacing the traditionally held definitions of leadership and provide new and different (and possibly superior) ways to understand leadership. This article looks for parallels within the current leadership literature to see if community college administrators use the alternative language or emerging definitions of leadership to self-describe their own leadership or if their self-descriptions fit the more traditional hierarchical ideal of the positional or “hero” leader
KARANJA OIL BIODIESEL: A POTENTIAL SUBSTITUTION FOR DIESEL FUEL IN DIESEL ENGINE WITHOUT ALTERATION

Continually mounting utilization of fossil fuel and petroleum commodities has been a matter of great apprehension for developing countries like India. Augment in inflation, pollution and associated health hazards, global warming, energy security and exhaustion of fossil fuel have propelled alternative energy. An experimental analysis has been carried out to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with dissimilar compositions of karanja biodiesel and its blend at 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with mineral diesel. HC, CO, CO2 and smoke were measured, found lower with karanja biodiesel fuel. However, NOx emissions of karanja biodiesel and its blend were higher than diesel. The combustion analysis was done using peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate with respect to crank angle. The peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate was lower for karanja biodiesel. Results confirm that the performance of the engine fuelled with karanja biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel is by and large comparable with pure diesel.
Tropical Plumes over Eastern North Africa as a Source of Rain in the Middle East

Tropical plumes (TPs) reflect tropical–extratropical interaction associated with the transport of moisture from the Tropics to extratropical latitudes. They are observed in satellite images as continuous narrow cloud bands ahead of upper-level subtropical troughs at times when the subtropical jet is highly perturbed. Rainstorms usually develop in the exit regions of TPs, so their presence over northern Africa has an impact on the precipitation regime in the southeastern Mediterranean. Based on satellite images and rainfall measurements from Israel, 10 TPs over eastern North Africa between 1988 and 2005 in which considerable rain was recorded were selected. Using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, the structure and evolution of these TPs were characterized and their regional canonical features were identified. A typical TP that occurred in March 1991 is described in detail. The main canonical characteristics are as follows: the TP development is preceded by an incubation period, expressed either as a stationary upper-level trough, persisting 2–6 days, or as two consecutive TP pulses; the preferred location for TP origin is 5°–15°N, 5°W–15°E; the TP is separated from the underlying dry Saharan PBL; the subtropical trough undergoes a phase locking with the lower tropical trough; the cloudiness in the TP-induced rainstorm is mostly stratified with continuous moderate rain, originating from midlevel moisture; and the TP tends to be followed by a midlatitude cyclogenesis over the eastern Mediterranean. This analysis proposes several explanations for the efficiency of the TPs in transporting moisture over a 2000-km distance.
Personality, leader behavior, and overdoing it.

This study tests predictions about links between personality and ratings of four leader behavior styles. It also examines the assumption that strengths can become weaknesses by determining the level of personality scores associated with ratings of “the right amount” vs. “too much” of the leader behaviors. Multivariate analyses in a sample of 126 managers and executives rated by 1,512 coworkers supported 93% of the predicted personality-leader behavior relationships, with an average observed effect size of R 2 . 26. Distinct personality profiles defined each of the leader behaviors, and complementary behaviors were defined by opposing personality profiles. Consistent with recent findings of curvilinear personality-performance relationships, personality scores about 1 SD above the normative mean predicted doing too much of the leader behaviors. However, scores slightly below the mean also predicted doing too much of some leader behaviors. The findings indicate that leader behavior is related to a broad range of personality dimensions and show how both high and low scores on personality dimensions can compromise performance through an association with excessive behavior.
Waste Management: A Case Study of Ongoing Traditional Practices at East Calcutta Wetland

Calcutta has a unique waste management system which uses the traditional non conventional practice for treating both the solid as well as soluble waste for its 12 million inhabitants . It not only detoxifies the waste but also generates resources for the existing society in form of employment as well as edibles like sufficient vegetable, fish as well as paddy for consumption. The elemental analysis of these products showed no metal toxicity due to their cultivation using waste resource. Thus East Calcutta Wetland can be sited as the best example of integrated resource recovery.
Art of the first cities : the third millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus

This illustrated work highlights one of the most important and creative periods in the history of art: a time marked by the appearance of the city states of the Sumerians, the citadel of Troy, the splendid royal tombs at Ur, and the monumental cities at Mohenjodaro and Harappa. The volume examines the cultural achievements of these first urban societies, placing them in a historical context. Topics covered include the emergence of the first city states, the birth of written language, and trade and cultural interconnections between the Ancient Near East and outlying areas. More than 500 works of art, including sculpture, jewellery, vessels, weapons, cylinder seals and tablets executed in a wide variety of materials such as stone, metal, clay, ivory and semiprecious stones, are included. The accompanying texts are written by leading scholars in the field. This is the catalogue for an exhibition to be held at The Metropolitan Museum of Art from 8 May to 17 August 2003.
Assessment of Problems among Elderly Females of Ludhiana City

Abstract The present study was conducted in Ludhiana city to explore the problems faced by elderly females and to seek suggestions by them to overcome these. A random sample of forty elderly women above the age of sixty years was carved out from two localities each i.e. BRS Nagar and Civil Lines area of Ludhiana city, thus, making total respondents as eighty for the study. The data were collected through personal interview. Major physical problems faced by elderly females were reduced vision (81.25%), dental decay (77.50%), body weakness and pain (68.75%) whereas major economic problems were medical expenditure (85.0%) lack of freedom on spending (77.50%), reduced personal income (65.0%) etc. Amongst socio-psychological problems, stress and strain was the prominent problem (85%) followed by declining authority (77.50%), loneliness (72.50%) feeling of neglect (65.0%) and so on. The relationship between age and physical problems of elderly females was found to be non significant (2.824) whereas it was significant with respect to socio psychological problems (13.981).
A Patent-Level Measure of Innovation Based on Stock Market Reactions

This study is the first to investigate the applicability and usefulness of a recently introduced patent-level measure of innovation, which relies on stock market reactions to patent grants, in a large-scale cross-country setting. Based on patent data for firms across 27 countries from 1973 to 2013, our results indicate that the patent-level innovation measure is only moderately applicable in a cross-country study: we detect patent-related stock price movements only in 10 countries. Furthermore, although patent value estimates for US, German, and Belgian sam- ples are positively correlated with traditional citation-based measures of quality, we cannot confirm the measure’s general usefulness across the 10 countries. On a methodological side, we find that inaccurate isolation of stock market reactions can greatly distort between-country differences in estimated value of innovation. Therefore, we stress careful selection of the stock return window used for construction of this type of measure. Finally, we conclude that bet- ter control for heterogeneity in the type of patent grant can improve both applicability and usefulness of the measure.
Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Northern Ghana

Examining the level of farm-specific technical efficiency of farmers growing irrigated and non-irrigated rice in Northern Ghana, this study fitted cross-sectional data into a transcendental logarithmic (translog) production frontier. The study concludes that rice farmers are technically inefficient. There is no significant difference in mean technical efficiencies for non-irrigators (53%) and irrigators (51%). The main determinants of technical efficiency in the study area are education, extension contact, age and family size. Providing farmers with both formal and informal education will be a useful investment and a good mechanism for improving efficiency in rice farming. There is also need for training more qualified extension agents and motivating them to deliver.
Topical phenytoin dressing versus conventional dressing in diabetic ulcers

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is estimated to affect 15% of all diabetic individuals during their lifetime. Management requires a multisystem approach. Various techniques have been tried to treat chronic ulcers, but none was proved to be ideal. Methods: This is a prospective randomised comparative study, where 56 patients with diabetic foot ulcers admitted in dept of surgery SSG hospital, Baroda, india were divided into two comparable groups. Of which 28 underwent topical phenytoin dressings, remaining 28 underwent Betadine dressing (5% w/v povidone – iodine solution). The variables were compared after 14 days based on rate of granulation tissue formation as percentage of ulcer surface area, wound culture-sensitivity and duration of hospital stay. Chi square test was used to compare the data at each of the assessment point in both groups. Results: In Phenytoin group, the mean rate of healthy granulation tissue formation was 60.71%, and mean hospital stay was 23.96 days with negative culture sensitivity was 54%. The Betadine group showed, the mean rate of granulation tissue formation was 11%, and mean hospital stay was 35 days with negative culture sensitivity was 18%. Conclusions: Topical phenytoin dressing considered as superior and cost effective in management of diabetic ulcers.
δ 18 O water isotope in the i LOVECLIM model (version 1.0) – Part 1: Implementation and verification

Abstract. A new 18O stable water isotope scheme is developed for three components of the iLOVECLIM coupled climate model: atmospheric, oceanic and land surface. The equations required to reproduce the fractionation of stable water isotopes in the simplified atmospheric model ECBilt are developed consistently with the moisture scheme. Simplifications in the processes are made to account for the simplified vertical structure including only one moist layer. Implementation of these equations together with a passive tracer scheme for the ocean and a equilibrium fractionation scheme for the land surface leads to the closure of the (isotopic-) water budget in our climate system. Following the implementation, verification of the existence of usual δ18O to climatic relationships are performed for the Rayleigh distillation, the Dansgaard relationship and the δ18O –salinity relationship. Advantages and caveats of the approach taken are outlined. The isotopic fields simulated are shown to reproduce most expected oxygen-18–climate relationships with the notable exception of the isotopic composition in Antarctica.
High-temperature and "exotic" minerals from the Cioclovina Cave, Romania: a review

This paper reports on the identification of four rare minerals in the phosphate deposit in Cioclovina Cave, Romania. Berlinite, AlPO4 and hydroxylellestadite, Ca5((Si,P,S)O4)3(OH,F,Cl) are minerals that can form only at high temperatures, and would not be expected in a sedimentary environment. In this study we review the characteristics of berlinite and hydroxylellestadite from a heated sedimentary sequence in Cioclovina Cave (Romania) and refine their structure from single-crystal X-ray data. Two other minerals, churchite-(Y), YPO4⋅2H2O and foggite, CaAl(PO4)(OH)2⋅H2O are, for the first time, described from a cave environment. The minerals were documented by means of single-crystal X-ray investigations, X-ray powder diffraction, and electron-microprobe (EMPA) analyses. In addition, laboratory synthesis of berlinite was conducted and vibrational spectroscopy data were collected for hydroxylellestadite and churchite-(Y). Based on these investigations, we suggest that locally the heavily compacted phosphate-bearing clay sediments underwent a natural heating process. It is likely that in-situ bat guano combustion is responsible for generating the high-temperature environment needed for the genesis of berlinite and hydroxylellestadite. The occurrence of churchite-(Y) and foggite is related to guano-leaches that reacted with subjacent limestone and different allogenic cave sediments.
Large-scale sexual segregation of bowhead whales

Skin biopsy samples from 806 bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus collected between 1995 and 2010 at 4 locations in Nunavut, Canada, and at 1 locality in West Greenland were used for determination of sex and sexual segregation of bowhead whales in the Baffin Bay stock. There was a significant dominance of females in the Disko Bay samples (78%), whereas the sex ratio in aggrega- tions in Nunavut was not significantly different from 50:50. Data on the body length of whales sug- gest that primarily large mature whales without calves occupy Disko Bay, whereas primarily mother- calf pairs are found in Foxe Basin. On a broader scale, Baffin Bay is more widely used by adult males and resting or pregnant females from Disko Bay, while Prince Regent, Gulf of Boothia, Foxe Basin, and northwestern Hudson Bay are also used by nursing females, calves, and sub-adults. The most parsimonious explanation for the large-scale spatial segregation of sexes in bowhead whales is that mature females without calves utilize Disko Bay as a foraging ground during certain parts of their reproductive cycle. Acoustic recordings of singing males indicate that Disko Bay may also be a mat- ing ground, where some males may be following estrous females into the bay.
Underactuated ship tracking control: Theory and experiments

We consider complete state tracking feedback control of a ship having two controls, namely surge force and yaw moment. The ship model has similarities with chained form systems but cannot directly be transformed in chained form. In particular, the model has a drift vector field as opposed to the drift-free chained form systems. It is shown here that methods developed for tracking control of chained form systems still can be used for developing a tracking control law for the ship. Through a coordinate transformation the model is put in a triangular-like form which makes it possible to use integrator backstepping to develop a tracking control law. The control law steers both the position variables and the course angle of the ship, providing exponential stability of the reference trajectory. Experimental results are presented where the control law is implemented for tracking control of a model of an offshore supply vessel, scale 1:70. In the experiments the ship converges exponentially to a neighbourhood of the reference trajectory, and stays close with errors depending on factors as unmodelled dynamics, parameter uncertainty, measurement noise, thruster saturation, waves, currents and position measurement failures.
Statistical equilibrium and photospheric abundance of silicon in the Sun and in Vega

Based on detailed non-LTE calculations, an updated determination of the abundance of silicon in the Sun and Vega is presented. The model atom includes neutral and singly ionized stages of silicon with 115 energy levels and 84 line transitions. Non-LTE eects are found to be quite small in the Sun. The mean non-LTE abundance correction is 0:010 dex with respect to standard LTE calculations, leading to a solar abundance of logNLTE =7 :550 0:056. For the prototype A0 V star Vega the non-LTE eects are small, too. With a non-LTE abundance correction of log = 0:054, a silicon abundance of logNLTE =6 :951 0:100 is derived, implying a deciency of 0:599 dex with respect to the Sun. This conrms the classication of Vega as a mild Boo star.
Radiation-driven Implosion in the Cepheus B Molecular Cloud

We analyze large scale mapping observations of the molecular lines in the 12CO (J=2-1), 12CO (J=3-2), 13CO (J=2-1), and 13CO (J=3-2) transition emissions toward the Cepheus B molecular cloud with the KOSMA 3m-telescope. The integrated intensity map of the 12CO (J=2-1) transition has shown a structure with a compact core and a compact ridge extended to the north-west of the core. The cloud is surrounded by an optically bright rim, where the radiation-driven implosion (RDI) may greatly change the gas properties. The intensities of the CO (J=3-2) transition are higher than those of the CO (J=2-1) transition along the rim area. We find characteristic RDI structure in position-velocity diagrams. Non-LTE large velocity gradient (LVG) model analysis shows that the density and temperature at the edge are higher than that in the center. Our results provide evidences that an RDI is taking place in the Cepheus B molecular cloud.
A Critical Examination of the Internal Consistency of Competencies Assessed Across Multiple Methods – Corrigendum

across multiple methods. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Organisational Psychology, 4, 11–19. DOI 10.1375/ajop.4. 1.11 ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Paul Englert, PO Box 10–914, Wellington, New Zealand. E-mail: paul.englert@opragroup.com Competencies refer to a popular set of variables that are used across a wide array of management settings as performance predictors or criteria (McClelland, 1973; Prahalad & Hamel, 1990; Rothwell & Lindholm, 1999; Schippmann et al., 2000). Although definitions of the term have been criticised as conceptually ambiguous (Grzeda, 2005; McKenna, 2002), Hoffmann’s (1999) review presents a useful framework for understanding the diverse applications of competencies. According to Hoffmann (p. 276), three broad definitions exist in research and practice, namely (1) observable performance, (2) the standard of quality of the outcome of the person’s performance and (3) the underlying attributes of a person. The first of these definitions is associated with manifest behaviour (Boam & Sparrow, 1992). The second deals with industry standards and meeting quality benchmarks (Grzeda, 2005). The third refers to underlying constructs (e.g., motives, traits, skills, social roles, self-image, or knowledge) that allegedly drive performance (Boyatzis, 1982; Spencer & Spencer, 1993). The scope of the present article will focus on the last, underlying attribute competencies (UACs), definition and issues around the measurement of such constructs. A Critical Examination of the Internal Consistency of Competencies Assessed Across Multiple Methods
Teachers of Turkish grammar in the eyes of high school students

This study sought to understand how students in Turkish grammar classes at three state high schools in Turkey perceive their teachers and the classroom interaction. A total of 142 students were asked to form metaphorical expressions to describe their teachers. A total of 124 metaphors were produced, an examination of which revealed that almost half of the students had fairly negative perceptions of their teachers. Teachers were also described to render roles of a teacher centred/fronted position. With metaphors mostly denoting passive roles for students and control oriented classroom management strategies for teachers, this study concludes that it may be conductive if teachers could revise their classroom management strategies.