Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System ( tm ) for Games and Economic Behavior Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number : YGAME-D14-00466 R 3 Title : Age-Based Preferences in Paired Kidney Exchange

We consider a Paired Kidney Exchange (PKE) model in which patients’ preferences are restricted so that patients prefer kidneys from compatible younger donors to kidneys from older ones. We propose a family of rules, sequential priority rules, that only allow for pairwise exchanges and satisfy individual rationality, efficiency, strategy-proofness, and non–bossiness. These rules allocate kidneys according to a priority algorithm that gives priority to patients with younger donors and assign kidneys from younger donors first. We extend the analysis to rules that allow multiple ways exchanges and to the case of patients who have more than one potential donor. JEL: C78; D47; D78; I10.
The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

Sea water has been used in flotation plants, showing a promising way to save fresh water usage. Previous studies indicated that divalent salts in sea water played negative roles in chalcopyrite flotation, but not much work have been conducted to understand the eliminating mechanisms. This study systematically investigated the effects of divalent cations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on natural flotability of chalcopyrite in the absence of collectors and frothers. The reduced recovery was mainly due to the adsorption of Mg and Ca hydroxyl complexes and precipitation on chalcopyrite surfaces, giving rise to a less hydrophobic surface. The addition of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), however, significantly improved chalcopyrite recovery. Species calculation, contact angle, zeta potential, FTIR and XPS analyses were conducted to understand the influencing mechanisms of divalent ions and the beneficial effects of SHMP on chalcopyrite recovery. The primary mechanism was that SHMP prevented the adsorption of positively charged Mg and Ca compounds or precipitation with hydrophilic properties such as Mg(OH)2 on chalcopyrite surfaces, confirmed by the Derjguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Secondly, SHMP reacted with Mg2+ and Ca2+ to form dissolvable complexes, thereby declining the formation of insoluble Mg2+ and Ca2+ compounds or precipitation.
“I Set the Camera on the Handle of My Dresser”: Re-Matter-Ializing Social Media Visual Methods through a Case Study of Selfies

This article is a confession about research trouble and the start of a narrative of research rectification. I begin this article with a review of new materialist theory and methods broadly and specifically those that contribute insight into interviews and photo elicitation such as intra -views and posthuman visual methods. I then detail the research methodology I used for an empirical study conducted last year to look at what young women experience while taking selfies, or images of their face and body to be shared on social media. After this fairly procedural account, I return to my messy research notes and video recordings, and—rather than reread—I re-trace and re- matter -ialize one specific interview with one young woman using new materialist methods (intra-views and reading images horizontally) to reveal data that would otherwise not have been evidenced via my original humanist methods. Re- matter -ializing describes my process as a researcher re-visiting not only the discursive moments, but the affective encounters and the matter of the research assemblage; meaning I move beyond the spoken data to look at how the material-discursive-afffective assemblage or arrangment of the interview room, technologies of data recording, props in the room, and embodied interactions of the participants were entangled in and vital agents in the production of data. In conclusion I detail the benefits of a posthuman re-tracing: 1) an attentiveness to the complex human and non-human agents in a research assemblage, 2) a response-ability or ethical duty of researchers to not reduce the complexity of the phenomena they study, 3) the importance of affect in the research encounter especially in visual methods, and, 4) a questioning of the implicit assumption that—of all steps in a research program—methodology is the least malleable.
A System of National Tiered Housing-Market Areas and Spatial Planning

The use of housing market areas (HMAs) has become an important element of spatial planning and regional strategies in the UK. The use of HMAs also fits well within an era of market-responsive planning. In this paper we identify deficiencies in the existing planning advice for defining them in England and Scotland. The result is that the HMAs that have been produced lack consistency and are too often constrained to administrative boundaries for policy convenience. We also review existing academic studies and their theoretical underpinning. On the basis of this analysis we propose a rethink on defining HMAs, arguing for a tiered approach developed consistently on a national basis. We then develop a comprehensive tiered geography of HMAs for the whole of England. The advantages of this approach for spatial planning, and the prospects for its application, are then outlined.
Is there a gay gap – are gay hotel guests getting what they want?

INTRODUCTION The past decade has seen a surge in commercial efforts to attract the gay market, and this is evident in the hotel industry. The question remains, however, what does it take to become a truly gay friendly hotel? Do hoteliers know how to effectively target this market by offering features that are gay friendly? Is the perception of what is gay friendly the same for hotels and gay guests, or does a perception gap exist? Are the expectations of gay guests any different from those of average guests, such as families or solo female travelers? Pritchare, Morgan, Sedgley, Khan and Jenkins (2000) found that sexuality did indeed influence tourism choices for gays. Poria (2006) stated that social disapproval, prejudice, and discrimination experienced by gays could result in a negative effect on their hotel consumption experience. Furthermore, Mya Lake Reyes, Director of Diversity Marketing with the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Association, mentions: “all minorities need a little customization, a bit of handholding because of what they have been through” (CMI International Conference on Gay & Lesbian Tourism, 2010). Although it is recognized that the gay community is not monolithic (Meezan & Martin, 2003), both the literature and industry suggest that the gay guest has different needs, concerns and expectations. This study will compare the views of hotel employees and managers to those of gay hotel guests in order to determine if hotels understand this potentially lucrative market. Shanmuganthan, Spinder, Stone and Foss (2003) addressed the listening gap when suggesting the existence of a communication gap between minority groups and industry. This study will determine if a listening gap exists between gay guests and hoteliers. It will attempt to bridge hoteliers’ perceptions of gayfriendliness with what gay guests actually want in a hotel.
THE EFFECT OF WATER STRESS AND SALINITY ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon escuLentum MILL.)

Carotenoids like lycopene are important pigments found in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes in plants. They are responsible for the bright colors of fruits and vegetables and perform various functions in photosynthesis. Our research has shown that the application of moderate salt stress on tomato plants can enhance lycopene and potentially other antioxidant concentrations in fruits. The increase in lycopene in response to salt stress in the tomato fruits varied from 20% to 80%. Although the specific biological mechanisms involved in increasing fruit lycopene deposition has not been clearly elucidated, evidence suggests that increasing antioxidant concentrations is a primary physiological response of the plant to salt stress. Additionally drought stress during cultivation increased the antioxidant capacity of tomato fruit while maintaining the lycopene concentration. In addition, the effects of silicium were investigated, added to the nutrient solution either at low concentration or at an increased concentration. The present study clearly indicates that an enhanced silicium supply to tomato increases markedly the lycopene contents, irrespective of the salinity status in the tomato fruit.
NONLINEAR FLOW CONTROL USING A LOW DIMENSIONAL GALERKIN MODEL UDC 532.517:681.5

We propose a nonlinear flow control strategy using a low-dimensional Galerkin model. This control design is successfully applied to the stabilization of the flow around a circular cylinder by a transverse local volume force. This wake stabilization problem is a well-established flow control benchmark. A state estimation is needed, since the information of the flow is restricted to one or few measurement points. The state estimation is used to calculate control laws such as input-output linearization, Lyapunov-base and backstepping controllers. These model-based strategies of nonlinear controller design are tested in the full plant, a direct Navier- Stokes simulation of the wake flow.
The analysis of thermal and flow characteristics of the condensation of refrigerant zeotropic mixtures in minichannels

The paper presents the results of experimental heat transfer and pressure drop during condensation of the single component refrigerant R134a and zeotropic mixtures R404A, R407C, and R410A in tube minichan-nels of internal diameter from the range 0.31–3.30 mm. The local values and the average of heat transfer coeﬃcient and pressure drop in the whole range of the change in mass quality were measured. On the basis of the obtained test results there was illustrated the inﬂuence of the change of mass vapor quality, the mass ﬂux density, and the inner diameter of channel on the studied parameters. These results were compared with the calculation re-sults based on the relations postulated by other authors. The discrepancy range was ± 50%. On the basis of given test results own correlation was developed to calculate the heat transfer coeﬃcient and pressure drop of tested refrigerants which presents the obtained results in a range of discrepancy of ± 25%.
Tax morale and public spending inefficiency

Tax evasion is a widespread phenomenon and encouraging tax compliance is an important and debated policy issue. Many studies have shown that tax cheating has to be attributed to a considerable extent to the tax morale of taxpayers. The aim of the present paper is to shed light on the relationship between the taxpayer and the public sector; specifically, we investigate whether public spending inefficiency shapes individual tax morale. Combining data from Italian municipalities’ balance sheets with individual data from a properly designed survey on tax morale, we find that the attitude towards paying taxes is better when resources are spent more efficiently. This evidence seems not to be driven by some confounding factor at the municipality level or by spatial sorting of citizens and proves robust to accounting for alternative measures of both inefficiency and tax morale. We also find that the negative effect of inefficiency is larger if the level of public spending is lower and/or the degree of fiscal autonomy is higher.
A JOURNAL ON ZOOLOGY OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIAN ARCHIPELAGO

We collected specimens of Sommer’s Sulawesi shrew-rat, Sommeromys macrorhinos, at three sites (1600, 2200, and 2600 m) and the Sulawesi small-bodied shrew-rat, Crunomys celebensis, at one site (1600 m) on Gunung Gandangdewata in the western block of the central core of Sulawesi during November 2011 and May 2012. Prior to 2011, S. macrorhinos was known only from the holotype, which was taken on 2 August 1973 at 2400 m near the summit of Gunung Tokala (upper montane forest). Previously, C. celebensis was known only from tropical lowland evergreen rain forest in the Danau Lindu valley and nearby upper drainage of the Sungai Miu in the northern portion of the westcentral mountain block in Sulawesi’s central core. The new specimens of S. macrorhinos and C. celebensis extend their known range of habitats to include the transition between lowland and montane forest. Because the original description of S. macrorhinos was based on a single specimen, we describe some external morphological features and provide measurements of new specimens as a supplement to the original description.
The AMBRE Project: Constraining the lithium evolution in the Milky Way

Context. The chemical evolution of lithium in the Milky Way represents a major problem in modern astrophysics. Indeed, lithium is, on the one hand, easily destroyed in stellar interiors, and, on the other hand, produced at some specific stellar evolutionary stages that are still not well constrained. Aims. The goal of this paper is to investigate the lithium stellar content of Milky Way stars in order to put constraints on the lithium chemical enrichment in our Galaxy, in particular in both the thin and thick discs. Methods. Thanks to high-resolution spectra from the ESO archive and high quality atmospheric parameters, we were able to build a massive and homogeneous catalogue of lithium abundances for 7300 stars derived with an automatic method coupling, a synthetic spectra grid, and a Gauss-Newton algorithm. We validated these lithium abundances with literature values, including those of the Gaia benchmark stars. Results. In terms of lithium galactic evolution, we show that the interstellar lithium abundance increases with metallicity by 1 dex from [M/H] = −1 dex to + 0.0 dex. Moreover, we find that this lithium ISM abundance decreases by about 0.5 dex at super-solar metalllicity. Based on a chemical separation, we also observed that the stellar lithium content in the thick disc increases rather slightly with metallicity, while the thin disc shows a steeper increase. The lithium abundance distribution of α -rich, metal-rich stars has a peak at A Li ~ 3 dex. Conclusions. We conclude that the thick disc stars suffered of a low lithium chemical enrichment, showing lithium abundances rather close to the Spite plateau while the thin disc stars clearly show an increasing lithium chemical enrichment with the metallicity, probably thanks to the contribution of low-mass stars.
Morphological Evidence for the Involvement of Glial Cell Activation in Delta Opioid Receptor Function : Implications for the Development of Opioid Tolerance Permalink

Previous studies have demonstrated that prolonged morphine treatment in vivo induces the translocation of delta opioid receptors (δORs) from intracellular compartments to neuronal plasma membranes and this trafficking event is correlated with an increased functional competence of the receptor. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unknown; however chronic morphine treatment has been shown to involve the activation and hypertrophy of spinal glial cells. In the present study we have examined whether activated glia may be associated with the enhanced δOR-mediated antinociception observed following prolonged morphine treatment. Accordingly, animals were treated with morphine with or without concomitant administration of propentofylline, an inhibitor of glial activation that was previously shown to block the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance. The morphine regimen previously demonstrated to initiate δOR trafficking induced the activation of both astrocytes and microglia in the dorsal spinal cord as indicated by a significant increase in cell volume and cell surface area. Consistent with previous data, morphine-treated rats displayed a significant augmentation in δOR-mediated antinociception. Concomitant spinal administration of propentofylline with morphine significantly attenuated the spinal immune response as well as the morphine-induced enhancement of δOR-mediated effects. These results complement previous reports that glial activation contributes to a state of opioid analgesic tolerance, and also suggest that neuro-glial communication is likely responsible in part for the altered functional competence in δOR-mediated effects following morphine treatment. Background The opioid system, comprised of multiple highly homologous receptor families and their endogenous opioid peptide ligands, is fundamental to the modulation of the sensory and affective aspects of pain [1]. Three classes of opioid receptors (ORs) have been identified through molecular and pharmacological techniques, namely the mu (μ), delta (δ), and kappa (κ) ORs [reviewed by 2, 3]. Morphine, a classical μOR agonist with remarkable analgesic efficacy, is the current gold standard in the clinical treatment of moderate to severe pain; however, its use in the management of chronic pain may be restricted by the Published: 12 March 2007 Molecular Pain 2007, 3:7 doi:10.1186/1744-8069-3-7 Received: 5 December 2006 Accepted: 12 March 2007 This article is available from: http://www.molecularpain. com/content/3/1/7 © 2007 Holdridge et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
b-Glucan , a “ Specific ” Biologic Response Modifier That Uses Antibodies to Target Tumors for Cytotoxic Recognition by Leukocyte Complement Receptor Type 3 ( CD 11 b / CD 18 ) 1

b-Glucans were identified 36 years ago as a biologic response modifier that stimulated tumor rejection. In vitro studies have shown that b-glucans bind to a lectin domain within complement receptor type 3 (CR3; known also as Mac-1, CD11b/CD18, or aMb2integrin, that functions as an adhesion molecule and a receptor for factor I-cleaved C3b, i.e., iC3b) resulting in the priming of this iC3b receptor for cytotoxicity of iC3b-opsonized target cells. This investigation explored mechanisms of tumor therapy with solubleb-glucan in mice. Normal mouse sera were shown to contain low levels of Abs reactive with syngeneic or allogeneic tumor lines that activated complement, depositing C3 onto tumors. Implanted tumors became coated with IgM, IgG, and C3, and the absent C3 deposition on tumors in SCID mice was reconstituted with IgM or IgG isolated from normal sera. Therapy of mice with glucanor mannan-rich soluble polysaccharides exhibiting high affinity for CR3 caused a 57–90% reduction in tumor weight. In young mice with lower levels of tumor-reactive Abs, the effectiveness of b-glucan was enhanced by administration of a tumorspecific mAb, and in SCID mice, an absent response to b-glucan was reconstituted with normal IgM or IgG. The requirement for C3 on tumors and CR3 on leukocytes was highlighted by therapy failures in C3or CR3-deficient mice. Thus, the tumoricidal function of CR3-binding polysaccharides such asb-glucan in vivo is defined by natural and elicited Abs that direct iC3b deposition onto neoplastic cells, making them targets for circulating leukocytes bearing polysaccharide-primed CR3. Therapy fails when tumors lack iC3b, but can be restored by tumor-specific Abs that deposit iC3b onto the tumors. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 163: 3045–3052.
Evaluation of Glyphosate-Tolerant and Conventional Alfalfa Weed Control Systems during the First Year of Establishment

Abstract A field trial was conducted for 3 yr (2005 through 2007) near Scottsbluff, NE, to examine weed control, crop safety, forage production, and economics of glyphosate-tolerant and conventional alfalfa establishment systems. Glyphosate applied to alfalfa at the unifoliate growth stage provided 67% weed control and was similar to imazamox applied at the two-trifoliate leaf stage. Delaying glyphosate application until alfalfa had reached the two-trifoliate growth stage improved weed control to 83%, and weed control was similar to imazamox plus 2,4-DB and imazethapyr plus 2,4-DB. Imazamox and imazethapyr caused minor crop injury, and the addition of bromoxynil or 2,4-DB to both herbicides further decreased crop safety. Weeds were most competitive with the first forage harvest and reduced relative feed value, crude protein, and value (dollars per t) of forage compared to forage that had been treated with herbicides. The total forage yield for the season consisted of three forage harvests and was greatest when no herbicides were applied. The total forage yield of plots treated with glyphosate at the two-trifoliate growth stage was greater than that of plots treated with imazamox or imazethapyr in combination with bromoxynil. When glyphosate was applied at the two-trifoliate growth stage, seasonal forage yield was similar to forage treated with imazamox, imazethapyr, or both herbicides in combination with 2,4-DB. When herbicide was applied to alfalfa at the two-trifoliate growth stage, the net return from using glyphosate with a glyphosate-tolerant alfalfa variety or utilizing imazamox with a conventional alfalfa variety were similar at $742 and $743/ha, respectively. Nomenclature: 2,4-DB; bromoxynil; glyphosate; imazamox; imazethapyr; alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. ‘RR04BD-2411’, ‘Rebound 4.2’.
THE HARD FACTS AND NOT SO SIMPLE TRUTH ABOUT DIETARY FATS OP(TE-PRIHVA)ENE ^INJENICE I NE TAKO JEDNOSTAVNA ISTINA O MASTIMA U LJUDSKOJ ISHRANI

During the past six decades, multiple epidemiological studies were performed with their results indicating a strong positive association between dietary intake of saturated fats and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Even though a wealth of literature links dietary fat intake and CHD, the lack of strength of the presented research and the flaws in their methodologies provide only inconclusive evidence that has led to inaccurate and highly debatable conclusions. As CHD remains the number one cause of death in adults in the industrialized world, it is of utmost importance that high-quality, randomized and controlled trials are performed on this topic. Future epidemiological and clinical evaluations of dietary and life style patterns, which are performed in an objective and unbiased manner, should provide valid associations and a better understanding of the modifiable risk factors of CHD.
The global variation in the iron isotope composition of marine hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits : implications for seawater chemistry ?

The iron (Fe) isotope compositions of 37 hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits from various oceans have been analysed by MC-ICPMS; they permit the construction of a global map of Fe isotopic values. The isotopic compositions range between 1.2 and 0.1x in yFeIRMM14. Averages for the Atlantic and the Pacific are 0.41 and 0.88x, but their standard deviations are identical (0.27, 1r) and the data very largely overlap. No correlation is found with Pb or Nd isotope compositions and there is no evidence that the observed oceanic Fe isotopic heterogeneity is directly controlled by variations in continental sources. The small quantities of Fe that can be introduced from hydrothermal sources render as unlikely the possibility that the isotopic variations reflect variable proportions of continental and hydrothermal Fe, as recently proposed. The more likely explanation is that the variations are induced locally within the ocean. The exact sources of fractionation remain unclear. Likely possibilities are the dissolution and reprecipitation processes that liberate Fe from sediments during anoxic events, dissolution in surface waters or processes occurring during growth of the crusts. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.