Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between the Kind of Delivery and 5 Indexes of Mother and Baby's Health Before and After Implementing Health Reform Plan in Selected Hospitals of Azarbaijan Sharghi

Introduction and aim: To improve the individuals' health, reforms should be made in the health systems. As a result, assessing the impacts of reforms is a way to evaluate the effectiveness of the health system. The aim of this study was to study the relationship between the kind of delivery and the five indexes of mother and baby's health before and after implementing the health reform plan in selected hospitals of Azarbaijan Sharghi, Iran. Issues and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017. The study was conducted among eight educational, medical, and private hospitals. Before and after the program, 800 files were selected using simple random sampling method. The researcher made a check list with confirmed validity to extract the data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-tests by SPSS-22. Results: The average age of mothers in the two intervals was 27 years. Most participants did not deliver before and their education was diploma or lower. The rate of natural delivery from 34.5% (before the plan) reached 44.2% (after the plan)(p<0.05). The rate of mothers and babies' mortality reduced from 0.3 and 0.8 to 0 and 0.5, respectively. Mothers and babies' mortality and stillbirth had no significant difference based on the kind of delivery (p>0.05). Conclusion: Findings indicated significant increase of natural delivery after the reform plan in health system. Moreover, the rate of mothers and babies' mortality decreased. These results can guide the policymakers for deciding about the course of plan and its review.
Patterns of working alliance development: A typology of client's working alliance ratings.

Patterns of working alliance development were detected by clustering working alliance ratings across 4 sessions of counseling. Results from an initial sample of recruited participants working with novice counselors (N = 38) revealed 3 patterns of alliance development labeled stable alliance, linear alliance growth, and quadratic alliance growth. Results from a replication sample (N = 41) of recruited participants also working with novice counselors, revealed 3 identical patterns of alliance development, which offered strong support for the validity of these growth patterns. As predicted by Gelso and Carter (1994), a pattern of quadratic alliance development was associated with greater improvement on measures of counseling benefit when compared to other patterns of alliance development. The discussion underscores the importance of examining both the strength (level) and pattern of development when examining the effects of the working alliance.
Resistant to change? Smallholder response to World Bank-sponsored “commercialisation” in Romania and Ukraine

ABSTRACT A fragmented agricultural landscape has emerged in the countries that de-collectivised their agriculture through land titling, turning rural population into land owners. Yet, millions of smallholders, rather than entrepreneurial farmers, characterise this landscape. International organisations and authorities blame “subsistence” agriculture and smallholders’ resistance to “commercialisation” which incentivises increased marketing of their production. This article argues that “commercialisation” – as envisaged by reformers – falters not because of resistance, but due to the outcomes of land reforms and the requirements imposed by “commercialisation”. The ethnographic data was collected in 2013–2017 in the Ukrainian-Romanian border region, where the numbers of smallholders are particularly high.
The Lending Channel in Emerging Economics: Are Foreign Banks Different?

This paper assembles a dataset comprising 1,565 banks in 20 Asian and Latin American countries during 1989-2001 and compares the response of the volume of loans, deposits, and bank-specific interest rates on loans and deposits, to various measures of monetary conditions, across domestic and foreign banks. It also looks for systematic differences in the behavior of domestic and foreign banks during periods of financial distress and tranquil times. Using differences in bank ownership as a proxy for financial constraints on banks, the paper finds weak evidence that foreign banks have a lower sensitivity of credit to monetary conditions relative to their domestic competitors, with the differences driven by banks with lower asset liquidity and/or capitalization. At the same time, the lending and deposit rates of foreign banks tend to be smoother during periods of financial distress, albeit the differences with domestic banks do not appear to be strong. These results provide weak support to the existence of supply-side effects in credit markets and suggest that foreign bank entry in emerging economies may have contributed somewhat to stability in credit markets.
A Study of Intranet Usage and Resistance in Malaysia's Port Industry

This paper examines the impact of user resistance on Intranet usage and its influence on the performance of port middle managers in an organizational context. Based on the literature review, a comprehensive research framework was developed on the relationship between perceived usefulness and usage as well as between perceived usefulness and user resistance. It also depicts the relationship between usage and performance as well as user resistance and performance. The current study also examines the cause and effect of usage and user resistance under mandatory and voluntary usage. A total of 357 middle managers from various organizations in the Malaysian port industry were sampled. The structural equation modeling (SEM) results indicate that usage significantly explains the variance on performance of managers. Perceived usefulness has relationships with usage and but not with user resistance. However, usage does not predict user resistance, and vice-versa. Practical implications are suggested at the end of the paper.
Levels of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water, Cosmetics and Fruit Juices from Selected Areas in Dar Es Salaam

Heavy metals were determined in samples of drinking water, cosmetics (nail polish, lip glosses and hair dye) and fresh fruit juices in Dar es Salaam. The samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) after digestion with concentrated acids, filtration and dilution. Lead, zinc and iron were detected in the water samples and the concentration ranges were below detection limit (BDL) to 0.114, 0.01 to 1.47 and 0.027 to 0.39 mg/L, respectively, whereas cadmium was not detected. The concentrations of lead in 70.83% of the samples exceeded the WHO permissible limit, implying that the water in most of the areas was not suitable for human consumption. Lead, zinc, and cadmium were detected in all the cosmetics at concentrations ranging from 6.6 to 37400, 21.5 to 2600, and up to 0.25 mg/kg, respectively. Most of the concentrations of lead in cosmetics exceeded the EU/US permissible limits. The continued use of products containing such heavy metals may increase the body intake of the metals and cause harmful effects. Only copper was detected in the fruit juices and the water used for their preparations at concentrations ranging from 0.008 ± 0.003 to 0.215 ± 0.014 mg/L, which were below the WHO permissible limit. Keywords : Heavy metals, drinking water, tap water, cosmetics, fruit juice, Tanzania
Indicators of nutritional status of turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L., 1758) larvae

I Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, P.O. Box 101, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark 2 Centro Oceanografico de Vigo. Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia. Apartado 1552. E-36280 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain J Odense Universitet, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark 4 University of Ghent, Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Referencc Centre. Rozier 44, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium 5 Zoologisches Institut der Universitat Heidelberg. Im Neuenheimer Feld 230. D-6900 Heidelberg 1, Germany (i Current address: Interdisciplinary Centre for General Ecology. Unversity of Berne. Falkenplatz 16, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
Developing Learning Instruments using Tracker in Measuring Students’ Science Process Skills

This study aims to determine the characteristics and effectiveness of the use of learning instruments using Student Worksheets (LKS) to measure science process skills of class X high school students by tracker application using guided inquiry learning models. The development procedure using the 4-D model proposed by Thiagarajan, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. The results of the study show that (1) the characteristics of the instrument have a difficulty level in the range of 0.09 to 0.54 with reliability at 0.74; (2) the instrument is said to be feasible in terms of content validity, empirical, and reliability; (3) the results of the measurement of science process skills of students of SMAN 1 Seyegan are in a good category with a percentage of 78.11%, and can be effective instruments to measure the science process skills of students.
Role of partial miscibility on pressure buildup due to constant rate injection of CO2 into closed and open brine aquifers

This work extends an existing analytical solution for pressure buildup because of CO2 injection in brine aquifers by incorporating effects associated with partial miscibility. These include evaporation of water into the CO2 rich phase and dissolution of CO2 into brine and salt precipitation. The resulting equations are closed‐form, including the locations of the associated leading and trailing shock fronts. Derivation of the analytical solution involves making a number of simplifying assumptions including: vertical pressure equilibrium, negligible capillary pressure, and constant fluid properties. The analytical solution is compared to results from TOUGH2 and found to accurately approximate the extent of the dry‐out zone around the well, the resulting permeability enhancement due to residual brine evaporation, the volumetric saturation of precipitated salt, and the vertically averaged pressure distribution in both space and time for the four scenarios studied. While brine evaporation is found to have a considerable effect on pressure, the effect of CO2 dissolution is found to be small. The resulting equations remain simple to evaluate in spreadsheet software and represent a significant improvement on current methods for estimating pressure‐limited CO2 storage capacity.
Using normalized systems patterns as knowledge management

—The knowledge residing inside a ﬁrm is frequently considered to be one of its most important internal assets to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage. Also in software engineering, a substantial amount of technical know-how is required in order to successfully deploy the organizational adoption of the technology. In this paper, we focus on the wide-spread approach of using design patterns for knowledge management purposes. It is discussed how they facilitate the transfer and (re)use of state-of-the-art knowledge in three dimensions: (1) more efﬁcient documentation, (2) the development of new applications, and (3) the incorporation of new knowledge in existing applications. More speciﬁcally, we show how the use of Normalized Systems elements can be considered as an advanced form of design patterns for the development of highly evolvable software architectures, further enhancing the inherent design patterns advantages. Normalized Systems captures software engineering knowledge in a limited set of theorems and patterns, and enables the application of this knowledge through systematic pattern expansion. Because of the highly structured way of working, the reuse of knowledge can be signiﬁcantly improved.
Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications

The literature reflects remarkably little effort to develop a framework for understanding the implementation of the marketing concept. The authors synthesize extant knowledge on the subject and provide a foundation for future research by clarifying the construct's domain, developing research propositions, and constructing an integrating framework that includes antecedents and consequences of a market orientation. They draw on the occasional writings on the subject over the last 35 years in the marketing literature, work in related disciplines, and 62 field interviews with managers in diverse functions and organizations. Managerial implications of this research are discussed.
A Comprehensive Investigation of the Role of Imbalanced Learning for Software Defect Prediction

Context: Software defect prediction (SDP) is an important challenge in the field of software engineering, hence much research work has been conducted, most notably through the use of machine learning algorithms. However, class-imbalance typified by few defective components and many non-defective ones is a common occurrence causing difficulties for these methods. Imbalanced learning aims to deal with this problem and has recently been deployed by some researchers, unfortunately with inconsistent results. Objective: We conduct a comprehensive experiment to explore (a) the basic characteristics of this problem; (b) the effect of imbalanced learning and its interactions with (i) data imbalance, (ii) type of classifier, (iii) input metrics and (iv) imbalanced learning method. Method: We systematically evaluate 27 data sets, 7 classifiers, 7 types of input metrics and 17 imbalanced learning methods (including doing nothing) using an experimental design that enables exploration of interactions between these factors and individual imbalanced learning algorithms. This yields 27 × 7 × 7 × 17 = 22491 results. The Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) is used as an unbiased performance measure (unlike the more widely used F1 and AUC measures). Results: (a) we found a large majority (87 percent) of 106 public domain data sets exhibit moderate or low level of imbalance (imbalance ratio <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$<$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="guo-ieq1-2836442.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>10; median = 3.94); (b) anything other than low levels of imbalance clearly harm the performance of traditional learning for SDP; (c) imbalanced learning is more effective on the data sets with moderate or higher imbalance, however negative results are always possible; (d) type of classifier has most impact on the improvement in classification performance followed by the imbalanced learning method itself. Type of input metrics is not influential. (e) only <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sim} 52\%$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo><mml:mn>52</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="guo-ieq2-2836442.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> of the combinations of Imbalanced Learner and Classifier have a significant positive effect. Conclusion: This paper offers two practical guidelines. First, imbalanced learning should only be considered for moderate or highly imbalanced SDP data sets. Second, the appropriate combination of imbalanced method and classifier needs to be carefully chosen to ameliorate the imbalanced learning problem for SDP. In contrast, the indiscriminate application of imbalanced learning can be harmful.
On your mark, get set: Brainstem circuitry underlying saccadic initiation

Saccades are rapid eye movements that are used to move the visual axis toward targets of interest in the visual field. The time to initiate a saccade is dependent upon many factors. Here we review some of the recent advances in our understanding of the these processes in primates. Neurons in the superior colliculus and brainstem reticular formation are organised into a network to control saccades. Some neurons are active during visual fixation, while others are active during the preparation and execution of saccades. Several factors can influence the excitability levels of these neurons prior to the appearance of a new saccadic target. These pre-target changes in excitability are correlated to subsequent changes in behavioural performance. Our results show how neuronal signals in the superior colliculus and brainstem reticular formation can be shaped by contextual factors and demonstrate how situational experience can expedite motor behaviour via the advanced preparation of motor programs.
Evidence on Expectations of Household Finances

We use a long panel with information on expected and realized changes in household finances to study the process of expectation formation and expectation errors, controlling for individual fixed effects. We find that, following improvements in financial situation, individuals tend to form extrapolative expectations and they are excessively optimistic about the future. However, following a deterioration, there is an increase in the dispersion of forecasts, with increases in the expectation of a further deterioration (consistent with extrapolative behavior) and of a future improvement (consistent with mean reversion). We show that these expectation patterns are in line with observed savings behavior. When individuals expect mean reversion, they are too optimistic about the future; they reduce their savings and increase their borrowing, and they are more likely to find themselves financially worse off again in the future.
Study on a Camber Adaptive Winglet

Morphing structures are devices intended to be implemented in specific parts of the aircraft such to improve some aspects of the flight such as performance and maneuverability. More specifically for the wings, the in flight capability of adaptation of airfoil profile and control surfaces bring possibility to the aircraft operate at optimum performance condition during all flight phases. Morphing structures can only lead to optimal flight maneuverability and performance conditions if the morphed geometry leads to an improved flight condition. Aiming at the reduction of the lift induced drag in all flight phases, this research focus on the application of the genetic optimization algorithm for the definition of the camber section of an winglet. This research proposes the optimization at four different flight phases namely: climb, heavy cruise, mid cruise and light cruise. BLWF – a full potential equation solver coupled with 3D boundary layer modelling – is adopted in the aerodynamic performance, e.g. lift and drag ratio, calculation. A conventional genetic algorithm is adopted in the optimization of the camber of the airfoil composing the winglet. This paper describes the optimization procedure and compares geometries showing that the in flight change of the winglet geometry can sensibly contribute to the improvement of the aircraft performance reducing the fuel consumption.
Wastewater treatment potential of Moringa stenopetala over Moringa olifera as a natural coagulant, antimicrobial agent and heavy metal removals

Abstract Moringa is a multipurpose tree with considerable economic and social potential and its cultivation is currently being actively promoted in many developing countries. Seeds of this tropical tree contain water-soluble, positively charged proteins that act as an effective coagulant for water and wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala seed powder in water purification as a replacement coagulant. Water treatment with M. stenopetala was found to be more effective for water purification than treatment with M. oleifera seed. Indeed, it has been given little research and development attention. Unlike M. oleifera, little scientific research has been conducted on the properties and potential uses of M. stenopetala in general and its seeds in particular. However, the method should be encouraged in communities without safe water supply.
Review and Analysis of Telework Perspective in the Administrative Systems

Current world is full of change and transformation. In the corporate world, these changes are more intense and intelligent measures to respond to these changes are inevitable. Basis of majority of the organizational change is growth and impressive technology, communications and information technology. In the present era the information technology directly affects all levels of the human individual and social life is broad and deep. One of the areas of change is how people work in organizations. Severe changes in crowd composition of the workforce and the increasing entry of women into organizations that contribute to the balance between work and family life, in addition to damages such as air pollution, high consumption of fuel and energy, traffic etc. led to a growing interest organizations and communities, has been created a phenomenon called of “telework”. In this paper we try to present a theoretical framework, studied the process of expanding, requirements and challenge of teleworking phenomenon and suggestion the executive solutions for its correct application in the organization.
Models and methods for Bayesian object matching

This thesis is concerned with a central aspect of computer vision, the object matching problem. In object matching the aim is to detect and precisely localize instances of a known object class in a novel image. Factors complicating the problem include the internal variability of object classes and external factors such as rotation, occlusion, and scale changes. In this thesis, the problem is approached from the feature-based point of view, in which objects are considered to consist of certain pertinent features, which are then located in the perceived image. The methodological framework applied in this thesis is probabilistic Bayesian inference. Bayesian inference is a branch of statistics which assigns a great role to the mathematical modeling of uncertainty. After describing the basics of Bayesian statistics the object matching problem problem is formulated as a Bayesian probability model and it is shown how certain necessary sampling algorithms can be applied to analyze the resulting probability distributions. The Bayesian approach to the problem partitions it naturally into two submodels; a feature appearance model and an object shape model. In this thesis, feature appearance is modeled statistically via a type of bandpass filters known as Gabor filters, whereas two different shape models are presented: a simpler hierarchical model with uncorrelated feature location variations, and a full covariance model containing the interdependeces of the features. Furthermore, a novel model for the dynamics of object shape changes is introduced. The most important contributions of this thesis are the proposed extensions to the basic matching model. It is demonstrated how it is very straightforward to adjust the Bayesian probability model when difficulties such as scale changes, occlusions and multiple object instances arise. The changes required to the sampling algorithms and their applicability to the changed conditions are also discussed. The matching performance of the proposed system is tested with different datasets, and capabilities of the extended model in adverse conditions are demonstrated. The results indicate that the proposed model is a viable alternative to object matching, with performance equal or superior to existing approaches. List of abbreviations AAM Active appearance model ASM Active shape model BP Belief propagation EBGM Elastic bunch graph matching IMM-DTU Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark JPDA Joint probability data association KLT Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi NBP Nonparametric belief propagation MCMC Markov chain Monte Carlo MAP Maximum a posteriori ML Maximum likelihood MC Monte Carlo P2P Point-to-point P2C Point-to-curve PCA Principal component analysis PPCA Probabilistic principal component analysis RGB Red-green-blue SIFT Scale invariant feature transform SIR Sequential importance resampling SMC Sequential Monte Carlo