Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of hashtags as a political branding strategy / El uso de los hashtags como una estrategia de marca política

Abstract Political brands are using Twitter intensively during campaigns. The objective of this study is twofold: to build a theoretical framework to pose that the use of hashtags can be a brand strategy; and to analyze how political brands are effectively using hashtags. First, drawing on the social identity approach, this article argues that brands are becoming social identities enacted through horizontal user-to-user relationships. Second, a sample of a million tweets from the last two Spanish elections in 2015 and 2016 is collected to analyze the type of hashtags posted by politicians and the networks of interaction. Results show that political brands mainly used three types of hashtags: party, candidate and branded hashtags; and mainly interacted with their own hashtags. This can be considered as a traditional brand identity strategy. However, a brand community strategy would be more aligned with the horizontal and top-down nature of social networking sites as well as with today’s all-encompassing political debate. Political brands should foster a co-creative brand identity process to build more effectively the organization’s meaningful values. Keywords: political brands, hashtags, brand community, social identity, Spanish elections Resumen Las marcas politicas estan usando Twitter intensivamente durante las campanas. El objetivo de este estudio es doble: disenar un marco teorico para plantear que el uso de hashtags puede responder a una estrategia de marca; y analizar como las marcas politicas estan utilizando efectivamente los hashtags. En primer lugar, basandose en el enfoque de identidad social, este articulo sostiene que las marcas se estan convirtiendo en identidades sociales promulgadas a traves de las relaciones horizontales usuario-usuario. En segundo lugar, se recoge una muestra de un millon de tweets de las ultimas dos elecciones espanolas en 2015 y 2016 para analizar el tipo de hashtags publicados por los politicos y las redes sociales. Los resultados muestran que las marcas politicas utilizaron principalmente tres tipos de hashtags: hashtags del partido, de candidato y de la marca; y principalmente, interactuaron con sus propios hashtags. Esto puede ser considerado como una estrategia tradicional de identidad de marca. Sin embargo, una estrategia de comunidad de marca estaria mas alineada con la naturaleza horizontal y descendente de las redes sociales, asi como con el debate politico que hoy en dia lo abarca todo. Las marcas politicas deben fomentar un proceso de identidad de marca co-creativa para construir eficazmente los valores mas significativos de la organizacion. Palabras clave : marcas politicas, hashtags, comunidad de marca, identidad social, elecciones espanolas.
Environmental responsibility and pro-environmental behavior: Biology undergraduate students’ profile

Environmental responsibility is a crucial aspect which determines the environmental solving problems in term of enhancing the pro-environmental behavior. This study aimed to examine the relation between the environmental responsibility and pro-environmental behavior of the undergraduate students. The sampel of this descriptive correlational study was 106 students of biolgy education department which was taken randomly. This study showed that the undergraduate students were in high criteria of environment responsibility (ER). This was represented by feeling guilty which was the highest percentage and followed by responsibility feeling and responsibility judgment respectively. In addition, the undergraduate students were in positive pro-environmental behavior (PEB). The regression model was y = 23.876 + 0.623x; while ER contributed as high as 22.1% to the undergraduate student’s PEB. This implied that to improve the undergraduate student’s PEB is by strengthening their ER.
Higher Education Governance in England: Governing Body Members' Perceptions of Their Roles and the Effectiveness of Their Governing Bodies

Much attention has been paid in recent years to issues associated with corporate governance and there have been significant changes and developments in the governance arrangements in the UK higher education sector. In this context, the research reported here explores the perceptions held by governing body members in English higher education institutions of the roles of their governing bodies. Governing body members’ perceptions of the effectiveness of their governing bodies are also considered. The research uses a series of case studies, involving the collection and analysis of data gathered in interviews with governing body members and senior staff in seven English higher education institutions. These data are used to explore the views of governing body members with regard to the roles and effectiveness of their governing bodies, and to compare their perceptions with external expectations. The predictions of governance theory with regard to the roles of boards and board members are also considered and compared to the lived experience of those roles as perceived by governing body members. The study reveals some degree of variability in the approaches to governance at different types of institution, but also many common features. The latter include marked differences between the roles undertaken by governing body members and the roles envisaged for them in formal guidance. Governing body members are shown to be content to delegate their responsibilities for educational character to academics. Effectiveness in higher education governance is revealed to be complex and multi-faceted. The particular importance to effectiveness of board processes and interaction between governing body members is demonstrated. It is shown that no single governance theory offers a full explanation for the described behaviour and approaches of governing body members, but that aspects of different theoretical positions offer useful explanatory insights when taken together.
Placing a value on good design for cities: evidence and prospects

The built environment has value. Most commonly, tha t value is established through market prices for rent or purchase. Some elements of value , while recognised as important, are under-appreciated as it is difficult for them to be directly monetised or quantified in other terms. In addition, the value of the built environm ent from the perspective of general users, the community of public stakeholders, may differ an d conflict with those of individual private stakeholders. This paper works with the proposition hat good design in the built environment imparts value and that there is a need to articulat e value in order to inform decisions about what is good design and how to achieve best value b uilt environment outcomes. To be widely accepted and effective, arguments for good design m ust rest on a rigorous evidence base, with a clear methodology for establishing a cost-be nefit assessment process or other consistent measurement approaches. Research address ing these issues has been investigated internationally, particularly from the UK. However, the value of good design is underresearched in Australia. There is, therefore, a req uirement for research which seeks to improve the evidence surrounding the value of good design in the Australian context. This paper presents a review of the current state of res earch into the value of good design for the built environment, both in Australia and internatio nally. Following this, methods to address key gaps for valuation are presented and steps for further research outlined.
Disentangling the Jargon: Journalists’ Access and Utilisation of Climate Change Information in Tanzania

ABSTRACT This quantitative and qualitative study investigated journalists’ access to and use of climate change information in Tanzania. It used snowball and purposive sampling methods to identify journalists from the local media. In all, 75 journalists took part in the study. Key findings indicate that conferences and researchers are information sources mostly consulted by the journalists when accessing climate change information. Results reveal journalists’ increased internet use and yet low (N = 27 [37.5%]) usage of social media to access climate change information. Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp were the most used social media platforms. Convenience and timely access to information sources influenced the journalists’ internet usage. The study also found journalists’ insufficient analytical skills, limited awareness of information sources, improper co-ordination, language, reading culture, inadequate training and insufficient information search skills as key challenges to accessing and using climate change information. Challenges to access and use signify low coverage of climate change information in Tanzania. The study concludes that journalists’ specialisation, access to conferences, researchers, internet, and relevant and reliable resources can increase quantity, quality and coverage of climate change information. The study recommends regular information literacy training for journalists to promote their online search skills, reading culture and understanding of climate change.
Validation of Entrepreneurial University Model: A Qualitative Study with the Grounded Theory Approach

Background: Response to new expectations of society, government and industry has changed the role of universities. Nowadays, universities are expected to play a more active role in national and regional economic developments. Indeed, the emergence of entrepreneurialuniversitiesisaresponsetothisexpectation,whichhasentailedforminganewfaceforthenewroleof universities. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to validate an entrepreneurial university model with a grounded theory approach. Methods: The population in the qualitative part was the entrepreneurial university experts in universities in the west of Iran, of whom12wereselectedbysnowballsampling. Thestudypopulationinthequantitativepartincluded396,of whom211wereselected as the sample. The conﬁrmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to validate and test the conceptual model in SPSS, LISREL and PLS software. Results: Results of the qualitative part revealed 201 concepts, 21 categories and 6 main classes placed in form of a paradigmatic modelwithcausalconditions,corecategory,contextconditions,interveningconditions,strategiesandconsequences. Additionally, based on the results of quantitative section, the ﬁtness indices ( χ 2 /df = 2.114, GFI = 0.91, AGFI = 0.89, NFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.98, RFI = 0.97, RMR=0.015,andRMSEA=0.073)showedthatobtainedmodelhasfavorableﬁtand6mainaspectsandtheirconditionscanexplain the variable entrepreneurial university. Conclusions: Based on the results of the validation, the model and the conditions proposed in the study can evaluate an entrepreneurial university.
Silent springs: The nature of water and Israel’s military occupation

Drawing on interviews with, and observations of, officials from Israel’s Nature and Park Authority, fieldworkers from environmental and human rights nonprofits, and local Palestinian farmers, this article tells stories about springs in the occupied West Bank. Entangled with the physical decline of the springs’ water supply and quality, it examines this waterworld also in a broader sense, which includes cultural, political, and religious—with a specific focus on legal—spring-related practices. After discussing the relevant water and land regimes within which springs exist, and their socio-geological uniqueness, I pause to tell the story of Ein Kelt—a desert spring on the way from Jerusalem to Jericho. Next, I move to discuss a variety of colonial dispossession tactics at work in the West Bank springs. In many cases, such tactics are performed by Jewish settlers with the tacit support of Israeli authorities. Inspired by legal geography scholarship on the coproduction of law and matter, I examine Israel’s seemingly paradoxical preoccupation with the rule of law in the administration of springs in the occupied territories, what I refer to here as a hyperlegality, on the one hand, and its disregard of formal law in the face of settler misconduct at these sites, on the other hand. Complicating the story, I also describe recent spring-based practices of purification carried out by Jewish Hasidic groups. The springs newly emerge in this context as sites of recreation, pilgrimage, and purity. Simultaneously, they are becoming places of danger for the Palestinians and are increasingly figuring in the mobilization of Palestinian protest. After all is said and done, one is left wondering whether water is actually different from land and soil. Could springs possibly serve as an alternative socio-material foundation that moves away from traditional colonial regimes?
Bidirectional Relationships Between School Connectedness and Internalizing Symptoms During Early Adolescence

School connectedness is an important feature to consider within the school environment because it likely accounts for why some youth thrive and others struggle with internalizing problems. Furthermore, internalizing problems typically do not occur in isolation of each other, but rather anxiety and depressive symptoms frequently co-occur and increase subsequent risk for each other. As such, the primary study objectives were to (a) evaluate the bidirectional relationships between school connectedness and internalizing symptoms and (b) examine whether being at high risk of an anxiety disorder or major depression moderated these relationships. Adolescents attending public middle schools (N = 1,344; 11-14 years; 51% female; 52% White) completed surveys in school at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up. Baseline anxiety disorder risk status moderated the relationships between school connectedness and internalizing symptoms. Among adolescents at low risk of an anxiety disorder, higher baseline school connectedness predicted improvements in depressive symptoms and, conversely, higher baseline depressive symptoms predicted lower school connectedness. School connectedness and depressive symptoms were unrelated among adolescents at high risk of an anxiety disorder. There were no significant associations between school connectedness and anxiety symptoms, regardless of baseline risk for major depression. Implications for school-based intervention strategies are discussed, such as fostering school connectedness and screening for internalizing problems.
Conceptual Understanding of Definite Integral with GeoGebra

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of a computer-assisted instruction method using GeoGebra on achievement of prospective secondary mathematics teachers in the definite integral topic and to determine their opinions about this method. The study group consisted of 35 prospective secondary mathematics teachers studying in the mathematics education program at a state university in Turkey. The study was carried out using an embedded design, and the Definite Integral Knowledge Test and an opinion form were used for data collection. Upon analyzing the data, the computer-assisted instruction method using GeoGebra was found to positively contribute to the success of teaching the definite integral topic. Prospective teachers stated that this method should be used in math courses as it creates a fun and interesting environment with dynamic learning elements, provides visualization and opportunities to learn mathematics through practice and exercises, enables thorough understanding and explication of skills, and makes way for conceptual learning instead of memorizing. Furthermore, this study was found to facilitate conceptual learning of the relationship between the lower sum, upper sum and Riemann sum.
Impact of ownership structure and dividend on firm performance and firm risk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of ownership structure and dividend payouts over firm’s profitability, valuation and idiosyncratic risk. The authors further investigate if corporate performance is sector dependent. Design/methodology/approach The study employs signaling and bankruptcy theories to evaluate the influence of ownership structure and dividend payout over a firm’s corporate performance. The authors use a panel regression approach to measure the performance of family owned firms against that of widely held firms. Findings The study confines to firms operating out of emerging markets. The results show that family owned firms are dominant with concentrated ownership. The management pays lower dividend leading to lower valuation and higher idiosyncratic risk. The study further illustrates that family ownership concentration and family control both influence firm performance and level of risk. The findings indicate that information asymmetry and under diversification lead to increased idiosyncratic risk, resulting in the erosion of firm’s value. Results also confirm that firms paying regular dividends are less risky and, hence, command a valuation premium. Originality/value The evidence supports the proposition that information asymmetry plays a significant role in explaining dividend payouts pattern and related impacts on corporate performance. The originality of the paper lies in factoring idiosyncratic risk while explaining profitability and related valuation among emerging market firms.
A Basic Income Trilemma: Affordability, Adequacy, and the Advantages of Radically Simplified Welfare

Abstract As basic income (BI) has ascended the policy agenda, so proposals have come under increasing scrutiny for their affordability and adequacy for meeting need. One common objection to BI has been that it is impossible to design a scheme that simultaneously conforms to these two criteria. In this article, I develop a conceptual framework for analysing the trade-offs that afflict BI policy design. I suggest that while the idea of a policy dilemma between affordability and adequacy does indeed afflict ‘full’ BI schemes, it is possible to design an affordable and adequate ‘partial’ BI scheme. However, this comes at the cost of (at least partly) forfeiting some key advantages that motivate interest in BI in the first place, since these only arise as a consequence of the elimination of means testing and related conditionality from the welfare system. Thus, BI proponents face a three-way trade-off in policy design between affordability, adequacy, and securing the full advantages of BI as a radical simplification of existing welfare policy. The trilemma is illustrated with reference to original microsimulation evidence for the UK, which demonstrates that at most two of the three criteria can be achieved in a single scheme.
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: Case Study of the Nigerian Legal Sector

Sexual Harassment has been a habitual phenomenon among legal professionals. Consequently, “suffering and smiling” is the concealed solution to this challenge due to the importance of livelihood and career development. This study seeks to examine the prevalence of sexual harassment within the Nigerian legal profession, whether there is need for the victims to be protected and provided with legal structure to confidently report issue of sexual harassment, and whether there is a need for domestic law for the society. Empirical and descriptive research methods were adopted, 561 Nigerian lawyers were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed using frequencies, chi-square, chart, regression and correlation analysis. It revealed that there is no adequate social structure for addressing sexual harassment and prolonged exposure to sexual harassment has disguised its true effect on the victims. Thus, there is a need for professional regulation to combat sexual harassment among the lawyers. Keywords: Behavioural adaptation; Nigerian legal professionals; National Industrial Court of Nigeria; Unprofessional behaviour: Sexual harassment in the workplace DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/86-13 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
Scalable and Robust Supervised Learning Through Random Approximations

Scalable machine learning methods are becoming more and more important due to the growth in the size of the data sets. The large scale of modern machine learning data sets has enabled recent success on many real-world problems. The size of these data sets necessitates innovation in learning methods that can scale to the large number of data points and features. In this thesis we introduce several novel approximation algorithms to solve different machine learning problems for large-scale data sets. As real-world data is also often noisy or unreliably annotated, we contribute new ways of handling uncertainty in data or label space. We leverage random projections to approximate important aspects of the data by small representations. These representations allow us to design scalable algorithms for linear regression, stochastic optimization and distributed ridge regression. First, we propose a method to solve large-scale regression problems approximately by subsampling relevant data points from the data set. To make the method robust against noise or outliers in the measurements, we advocate the use of “influence” as a subsampling weight. We show that this measure allows to distinguish corrupted from noncorrupted points in the data and develop a scalable approximation to it. We theoretically bound the estimation error of our method in different settings. We show theoretically and empirically that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approximation methods for large-scale regression on simulated and real-world data sets. One of the reasons for the recent success and renaissance of neural networks are stochastic optimization methods, since they enable optimization on massive data sets such as image and speech data. Adaptive stochastic optimization algorithms have proven to be among the most successful methods for training these deep neural networks. We contribute a novel method for adaptive stochastic optimization based on random projections of the gradients, that captures important dependencies in the data or network structure. We show empirically on large-scale learning tasks with convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks that our method improves convergence. The-
Impact of formal credit on agricultural output: Evidence from Pakistan

In the current study, we have analyzed the impact of formal credit on agricultural output : Evidence from Pakistan. by using secondary data from 1996 to 2015. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was applied to check the stationarity of the data. Contrarily, the Johansen Co-integration test (Trace Statistic) was used to find out whether there exists a long run relationship between formal credit and agricultural output. The method of (OLS) was used to estimate the impact of formal credit on agricultural output. The empirical regression results indicate that the explanatory variable (formal credit) was statistically with coefficient of 0.860350. This means 1% increase in credit will increase the agricultural output by 0.86%. It is clear that impact of formal credit on agricultural output has positive and significant. Therefore, our study suggests that the procedure of credit should be made simple and flexible and financial institutions should launch crop insurance scheme in case of crop failure by flood, draught, pest attack, and heavy rains. Also Government of Pakistan should support small farmers through credit schemes on affordable interest rate. It will helpful in raising farm productivity and the standard of living of the small farmers. Key words: Formal credit, agricultural output (value added), Pakistan.