Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling free surface flow with curvilinear streamlines by a non-hydrostatic model

Abstract This study addresses a particular phenomenon in open channel flows for which the basic assumption of hydrostatic pressure distribution is essentially invalid, and expands previous suggestions to flows where streamline curvature is significant. The proposed model incorporates the effects of the vertical curvature of the streamline and steep slope, in making the pressure distribution non-hydrostatic, and overcomes the accuracy problem of the Saint-Venant equations when simulating curvilinear free surface flow problems. Furthermore, the model is demonstrated to be a higher-order one-dimensional model that includes terms accounting for wave-like variations of the free surface on a constant slope channel. Test results of predicted flow surface and pressure profiles for flow in a channel transition from mild to steep slopes, transcritical flow over a short-crested weir and flow with dual free surfaces are compared with experimental data and previous numerical results. A good agreement is attained between the experimental and computed results. The overall simulation results reveal the satisfactory performance of the proposed model in simulating rapidly varied gravity-driven flows with predominant non-hydrostatic pressure distribution effects. This study suggests that a higher-order pressure equation should be used for modelling the pressure distribution of a curvilinear flow in a steeply sloping channel.
Effect Steel Plate of Shear Reinforced Wide Beam Concrete

Wide reinforced concrete beams have been used in buildings to reduce reinforcement congestion and floor heights for required headroom. The beaming most of these cases is wider than that of the supporting columns. Consequently their shear capacity might be effected and differ from that of conventional beams. This project report presents the test results of four wide beam specimens in which their shear performances were studied. The influence of the support widths (100% of the beam width), the arrangement of flexural reinforcement across the beam width, and the presence of shear reinforcement in the forms of third specimens consist of concrete with steel plate and control beam conventional beam were investigated. The test setup was made similar for all the specimens, one pointed load were on the beam width, the load put at distance column (300mm*300mm) from the center of support, therefore, the specimen control failed in diagonal tension shear. But other specimens failed in flexural corporation. The results showed that wide beam with plate has no effect on the shear strength of concrete and the influence of concentrating the flexural reinforcement within the support width has no significant effect on the shear strength of concrete.
Triclosan: An Update on Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms

Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic, chlorinated phenolic antimicrobial agent commonly used in commercial and healthcare products. Items made with TCS include soaps, deodorants, shampoos, cosmetics, textiles, plastics, surgical sutures, and prosthetics. A wealth of information obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of TCS, particularly against inflammatory skin conditions. Nevertheless, extensive investigations on the molecular aspects of TCS action have identified numerous adversaries associated with the disinfectant including oxidative injury and influence of physiological lifespan and longevity. This review presents a summary of the biochemical alterations pertaining to TCS exposure, with special emphasis on the diverse molecular pathways responsive to TCS that have been elucidated during the present decade.
The General Relationship Between Potassium, Sodium and pH in Grape Juice and Wine

The general relationship between the concentrations of the cations, potassium and sodium, and acidity measures of grape juices and wines are presented. The pH is expressed as a function of the titratable acidity, the potassium and sodium contents and the tartrate to malate ratio. The graphical representation of the relationship provides a means of following the changes in the organic acid content, titratable acidity, mineral uptake and pH during the maturation of grapes. It can also be used to estimate the tartrate to malate ratio in the juice, an important consideration in the selection of a deacidification procedure for juices that are high in total and titratable acidity.
Kibble-Zurek problem: Universality and the scaling limit

Near a critical point, the equilibrium relaxation time of a system diverges and any change of control/thermodynamic parameters leads to non-equilibrium behavior. The Kibble-Zurek problem is to determine the dynamical evolution of the system parametrically close to its critical point when the change is parametrically slow. The non-equilibrium behavior in this limit is controlled entirely by the critical point and the details of the trajectory of the system in parameter space (the protocol) close to the critical point. Together, they define a universality class consisting of critical exponents-discussed in the seminal work by Kibble and Zurek-and scaling functions for physical quantities, which have not been discussed hitherto. In this article, we give an extended and pedagogical discussion of the universal content in the Kibble-Zurek problem. We formally define a scaling limit for physical quantities near classical and quantum transitions for different sets of protocols. We report computations of a few scaling functions in model Gaussian and large-N problems and prove their universality with respect to protocol choice. We also introduce a new protocol in which the critical point is approached asymptotically at late times with the system marginally out of equilibrium, wherein logarithmic violations to scaling and anomalous dimensions occur even in the simple Gaussian problem.
Comparative Study of Goniometric and Radiographic Carrying Angle in Human

Background: The Carrying Angle of the elbow is defined as the angle between the long axis of the extended forearm as it lies lateral to the long axis of the arm. It may change with skeletal growth. Clinically carrying angle increases with age up to 15 years, after which there was a slight decrease in the angles. Aims: To measure obliquity of fore arm on arm (carrying angle). This is done in both the aspects; the radiological aspects as well as the living objects Materials and Methods: The present study consists of 250 living objects and 40 radiographs. All these objects are been carefully taken with normal elbow and any deformity, neuropathy, any fractured condition of the elbow is been excluded from study Conclusion: The carrying angle is significantly greater in females than in males, so it can be considered as a secondary sex character. The recorded measurements might be helpful in management of disorders of the elbow and its reconstruction after fractures. Moreover, the proposed method in this study is simple, easy and accurate as it alleviates the effect of any deviation of long bones of the arm and forearm in the measurements. Therefore, it measures the actual angulations at the elbow.
High-Intensity Interval Training Elicits Higher Enjoyment than Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise

Exercise adherence is affected by factors including perceptions of enjoyment, time availability, and intrinsic motivation. Approximately 50% of individuals withdraw from an exercise program within the first 6 mo of initiation, citing lack of time as a main influence. Time efficient exercise such as high intensity interval training (HIIT) may provide an alternative to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT) to elicit substantial health benefits. This study examined differences in enjoyment, affect, and perceived exertion between MICT and HIIT. Twelve recreationally active men and women (age = 29.5 ± 10.7 yr, VO2max = 41.4 ± 4.1 mL/kg/min, BMI = 23.1 ± 2.1 kg/m2) initially performed a VO2max test on a cycle ergometer to determine appropriate workloads for subsequent exercise bouts. Each subject returned for two additional exercise trials, performing either HIIT (eight 1 min bouts of cycling at 85% maximal workload (Wmax) with 1 min of active recovery between bouts) or MICT (20 min of cycling at 45% Wmax) in randomized order. During exercise, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), affect, and blood lactate concentration (BLa) were measured. Additionally, the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) was completed after exercise. Results showed higher enjoyment (p = 0.013) in response to HIIT (103.8 ± 9.4) versus MICT (84.2 ± 19.1). Eleven of 12 participants (92%) preferred HIIT to MICT. However, affect was lower (p<0.05) and HR, RPE, and BLa were higher (p<0.05) in HIIT versus MICT. Although HIIT is more physically demanding than MICT, individuals report greater enjoyment due to its time efficiency and constantly changing stimulus. Trial Registration: NCT:02981667.
Cognitive Training and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study examined whether standard cognitive training, tailored cognitive training, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), standard cognitive training + tDCS, or tailored cognitive training + tDCS improved cognitive function and functional outcomes in participants with PD and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Forty-two participants with PD-MCI were randomized to one of six groups: (1) standard cognitive training, (2) tailored cognitive training, (3) tDCS, (4) standard cognitive training + tDCS, (5) tailored cognitive training + tDCS, or (6) a control group. Interventions lasted 4 weeks, with cognitive and functional outcomes measured at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR: 12614001039673). While controlling for moderator variables, Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) showed that when compared to the control group, the intervention groups demonstrated variable statistically significant improvements across executive function, attention/working memory, memory, language, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life (QOL; Hedge's g range = 0.01 to 1.75). More outcomes improved for the groups that received standard or tailored cognitive training combined with tDCS. Participants with PD-MCI receiving cognitive training (standard or tailored) or tDCS demonstrated significant improvements on cognitive and functional outcomes, and combining these interventions provided greater therapeutic effects.
Sex Reversal in Non-Human Placental Mammals

Gonads are very peculiar organs given their bipotential competence. Indeed, early differentiating genital ridges evolve into either of 2 very distinct organs: the testis or the ovary. Accumulating evidence now demonstrates that both genetic pathways must repress the other in order for the organs to differentiate properly, meaning that if this repression is disrupted or attenuated, the other pathway may completely or partially be expressed, leading to disorders of sex development. Among these disorders are the cases of XY male-to-female and XX female-to-male sex reversals as well as true hermaphrodites, in which there is a discrepancy between the chromosomal and gonadal sex. Here, we review known cases of XY and XX sex reversals described in mammals, focusing mostly on domestic animals where sex reversal pathologies occur and on wild species in which deviations from the usual XX/XY system have been documented.
Evapo-transpiration based scheduling of irrigation through drip for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2001-02 and 2002-03 and summer season of 2002 and 2003 at Coimbatore, to find out the water requirement and water saving due to irrigation scheduling based on evapotranspiration (ET) through drip system compared to conventional irrigation for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop. Scheduling of irrigation through drip at 0.8 Etc (crop evapotranspiration) was on a par with 1.0 Etc through drip. The total water requirement was 426.5 mm for winter crop and 467.3 mm for sum- mer crop at 0.8 Etc compared to 902.8 mm and 1,002 mm, respectively, for conventional irrigation. The yield en- hancement due to drip system during summer was 28.9, 44.5 and 61.5%, respectively, at 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 Etc, while the yield enhancement was negligible during winter, as it coincided with heavy effective rainfall of 238 mm.
Sampling a Longer Life: Binary versus One-class classification Revisited

When faced with imbalanced domains, practitioners have one of two choices; if the imbalance is manageable, sampling or other corrective measures can be utilized in conjunction with binary classifiers (BCs). Beyond a certain point, however, the imbalance becomes too extreme and one-class classifiers (OCCs) are required. Whilst the literature offers many advances in terms of algorithms and understanding, there remains a need to connect our theoretical advances to the most practical of decisions. Specifically, given a dataset with some level of complexity and imbalance, which classification approach should be applied? In this paper, we establish a relationship between these facets in order to help guide the decision regarding when to apply OCC versus BC. Our results show that sampling provides an edge over OCCs on complex domains. Alternatively, OCCs are a good choice on less complex domains that exhibit unimodal properties. Class overlap, on the other hand, has a more uniform impact across all methods.
The Antecedents of Store Image and Customer Satisfaction

Definition of store image is argued to be useful if it predicts phenomena such as satisfaction, loyalty, customer retention and other attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Previous researches show that customers are affected by the store attributes and consider them to assess perceived benefits and attitudes. One of the biggest challenges for companies is to build a positive image. Knowing the alternatives which could be used to form a positive image is an important issue. A positive image which is created in the customer’s mind about store is seen to have a strong and positive influence on satisfaction. A satisfied customer is likely to be loyal to the store. Therefore, image and customer satisfaction gain importance in the stores which aim to survive . This study focuses on store image, customer satisfaction and the relationship between them. The study primarily explains these two concepts, and then provides a literature review on the researches related with them. The study presents researches in which store image and customer satisfaction are separately discussed, thus it also shows other variables which can be influential on these concepts. Implications for both store image theory and practices are discussed. The literature review reveals that store image plays an important role in customer satisfaction. Since most of the studies in literature are based on retail industry, in this study ‘store’ concept mostly refers to ‘retail store’.
Proximal and Distal Predictors of AIDS Risk Behaviors among Inner-city African American and European American Women

AIDS risk behavior and attitudes towards safer sex were studied in a sample of 666 African American and 626 European American women. Condom use, AIDS-related knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy beliefs, attitudes and perceived partner attitudes, and an assertive coping style were analyzed with regard to mean differences and predictive power in both ethnic groups. Compared to European American women, African American women had less knowledge and lower self-efficacy beliefs towards safer sex behavior, but they perceived themselves to be at more risk and reported greater condom use. Further, ethnicity was found to moderate the effects of the psychological predictors on safer sex behavior. This moderator effect was tested using a structural equation modeling design. In both groups, risk perception was the strongest predictor of condom use. Among African American women, social-cognitive barriers (e.g. low self-efficacy beliefs, negative attitude towards condom use) worked as a second predictor and mediator of the effects of risk perception on condom use. In contrast, among European American women, social-cognitive factors had no effect on condom use. In general, prediction of safer sex behavior was stronger among African American women.
Serotypes and Clonal Diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae Causing Invasive Disease in the Era of PCV13 in Catalonia, Spain

The aim of this study was to study the serotypes and clonal diversity of pneumococci causing invasive pneumococcal disease in Catalonia, Spain, in the era of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). In our region, this vaccine is only available in the private market and it is estimated a PCV13 vaccine coverage around 55% in children. A total of 1551 pneumococcal invasive isolates received between 2010 and 2013 in the Molecular Microbiology Department at Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, were included. Fifty-two serotypes and 249 clonal types—defined by MLST—were identified. The most common serotypes were serotype 1 (n = 182; 11.7%), 3 (n = 145; 9.3%), 19A (n = 137; 8.8%) and 7F (n = 122; 7.9%). Serotype 14 was the third most frequent serotype in children < 2 years (15 of 159 isolates). PCV7 serotypes maintained their proportion along the period of study, 16.6% in 2010 to 13.4% in 2013, whereas there was a significant proportional decrease in PCV13 serotypes, 65.3% in 2010 to 48.9% in 2013 (p<0.01). This decrease was mainly attributable to serotypes 19A and 7F. Serotype 12F achieved the third position in 2013 (n = 22, 6.4%). The most frequent clonal types found were ST306 (n = 154, 9.9%), ST191 (n = 111, 7.2%), ST989 (n = 85, 5.5%) and ST180 (n = 80, 5.2%). Despite their decrease, PCV13 serotypes continue to be a major cause of disease in Spain. These results emphasize the need for complete PCV13 vaccination.
Corporate Social Responsibility in India—An Effort to Bridge the Welfare Gap

Drawing on existing theoretical and empirical literature on the rationale behind corporate social responsibility (CSR), this article analyses the potential implications of mandated CSR under the recently enacted Companies Act, 2013 in India on firm incentives, likely responses of corporates that come under the ambit of the law, implications for resource availability and delivery of social goods and the prospects and challenges of implementing mandated CSR. Insights into these issues are drawn by empirically examining the voluntary CSR behaviour of a sample of 500 large companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange for the period 2003–2011 that predates the new regulation. The article argues that notwithstanding the potential economic costs that may accompany mandated CSR, the provisions of the new Act are designed thoughtfully to balance the objectives of the corporation and its shareholders, on the one hand, and that of the society and its stakeholders, on the other. However, addressing the challenges of implementation successfully would determine how far the objectives of the new regulations are met.
Predicting initial margin status in breast cancer patients during breast-conserving surgery

Background We sought to develop and validate a model for prediction of initial margin status during breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Methods We included eligible breast cancer patients receiving BCS in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from January 2003 to December 2014. All patients received intraoperative frozen-section analysis for initial margin assessment. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to screen for predictors. A nomogram was developed in the training cohort (n=1,193) from the south branch of the hospital and externally validated in the validation cohort (n=499) from the north branch. We used the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow tests to assess the discrimination and accuracy of the nomogram. Results The initial margin-positivity rates were 19.5% and 25.2% in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Preoperative tumor size, preoperative lymph-node status, suspicion of multifocality, hormone-receptor status, and HER2 status were significantly associated with margin status. The model included these five variables. The discrimination and calibration of the model were considered acceptable in both cohorts. Conclusion The nomogram can predict the likelihood of having positive initial margins during BCS and may be useful for clinical decision-making in the surgical treatment of breast cancer patients.
Urinary Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK) As a Marker for Lupus Nephritis Activity

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by auto antibodies directed against nuclear antigens and causing a variety of clinical and laboratory abnormalities and involving multiple organs, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious SLE complications since it is the major predictor of poor prognosis. For LN, the search for an accurate and reliable biomarker is particularly pressing since the only truly reliable method to evaluate LN in current practice is by performing a kidney biopsy, an invasive procedure. Therefore, the search for a lupus biomarker has been especially intense. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the urinary TWEAK (uTWEAK) as a biomarker for lupus nephritis activity. Methods: This study included 40 SLE patients, who were admitted to the inpatient of Nephrology unit of Internal Medicine department and Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department, faculty of medicine, Zagazig university. All individuals in this study were divided into 2 groups: Group I (20 patients): patients with active renal disease and having a renal systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index(rSLEDAI) score of ≥4 (i.e., at least 1 abnormal result for renal parameters) and Group II (20 patients): patients with inactive renal disease (patients with history of LN whose disease became quiescent for at least 6 months after treatment and having a rSLEDAI score of 0 (i.e. they did not have, at the time of the visit, pyuria, proteinuria, hematuria or urinary casts). All patients included in the study were subjected to proper history taking and thorough medical examination in addition to laboratory investigations like, complete urine analysis, blood urea, serum creatinine, liver function tests, ESR and 24 hours urinary proteins estimation, ANA, AdsDNA antibodies, quantitative determination of serum C3 and C4 and kidney biopsy and uTWEAK estimation, plus abdominal sonography. Results: A statistically significant difference regarding the mean uTWEAK level and the mean rSLEDAI was found between the 2 groups (P<0.001) with significant lower uTWEAK levels in SLE patients without kidney involvement and lower rSLEDAI in patients with non active lupus nephritis. uTWEAK showed sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 75% for the presence of active LN. Conclusion: uTWEAK may play a role in the pathogenesis of LN, and can be used as diagnostic tool to discriminate lupus renal activity and is a sensitive biomarker for early detection of active lupus nephritis.