Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis on News Comments Based on Supervised Learning Method

Up to now, sentiment analysis has become one of most active research ares in NLP, many researchers have conducted sentiment analysis for foreign language documents. Compared with the researches of foreign language documents, there are few studies on sentiment classification of Chinese document, and fewer studies on news comments. This paper presents a research of sentiment analysis on news comments. In this paper, we adopt four feature selection methods(DF, IG, CHI, MI), three feature representations(Presence, TF, TF-IDF) and five learning methods(NB, ME, Winnow, C4.5, SVM) for the sentiment analysis of Chinese news comments. The experimental results indicate that, except MI, other three feature selection methods are all suitable for selecting features for news comments, and through comprehensive assessment of feature selection method, CHI is better; TF performs the best calculation of feature weighting; ME outperforms other classifiers for the sentiment classification.
Primary and secondary aerosols in Beijing in winter : sources , variations and processes

Winter has the worst air pollution of the year in the megacity of Beijing. Despite extensive winter studies in recent years, our knowledge of the sources, formation mechanisms and evolution of aerosol particles is not complete. Here we have a comprehensive characterization of the sources, variations and processes of submicron aerosols that were measured by an Aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer from 17 December 2013 to 17 January 2014 along with offline filter analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Our results suggest that submicron aerosols composition was generally similar across the winter of different years and was mainly composed of organics (60 %), sulfate (15 %) and nitrate (11 %). Positive matrix factorization of highand unit-mass resolution spectra identified four primary organic aerosol (POA) factors from traffic, cooking, biomass burning (BBOA) and coal combustion (CCOA) emissions as well as two secondary OA (SOA) factors. POA dominated OA, on average accounting for 56 %, with CCOA being the largest contributor (20 %). Both CCOA and BBOA showed distinct polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) spectral signatures, indicating that PAHs in winter were mainly from coal combustion (66 %) and biomass burning emissions (18 %). BBOA was highly correlated with levoglucosan, a tracer compound for biomass burning (r2 = 0.93), and made a considerable contribution to OA in winter (9 %). An aqueous-phase-processed SOA (aqOOA) that was strongly correlated with particle liquid water content, sulfate and S-containing ions (e.g. CH2SO+2 ) was identified. On average aq-OOA contributed 12 % to the total OA and played a dominant role in increasing oxidation degrees of OA at high RH levels (> 50 %). Our results illustrate that aqueous-phase processing can enhance SOA production and oxidation states of OA as well in winter. Further episode analyses highlighted the significant impacts of meteorological parameters on aerosol composition, size distributions, oxidation states of OA and evolutionary processes of secondary aerosols. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 8310 Y. Sun et al.: Primary and secondary aerosols in Beijing in winter
Do Olive Leaves ( Olea europaea ) have the Ability to Lower Glucose and Cholesterol Levels in Adult Mice ?

Diabetes is one of the serious problems that require special treatments and can affect humans lifestyle in addition to the huge financial cost that is being spent to find out a new ways that could help in diabetes treatment. Olive leaf extract, derived from Olive leaves (Olea europaea), was used to investigate the biochemical effect of Olive leaves extract as antidiabetic identifying their activity in the reduction of cholesterol level in mice. Exposure of mice to 16 mg/kg body weight of Olive leaf water extract for two weeks resulted in significant decrease of glucose and cholesterol level of mice. A comparison was made between the action of olive leaves extract (1 mg/ml) and Insulin (1 IU/kg), which is known as one of the famous antidiabetic drug. Results showed that glucose level reached 85 mg/dl, while the cholesterol level declined to 47.6 mg/dL in compared to fluctuated decrease in the glucose and cholesterol level of insulin-treated mice. Results showed that extract doesn’t have any toxic effect on treated mice even at dose up to 16 mg/kg. Finally, the present study indicated that Olive leaf extract can be a promising, safe and economical alternative to control diabetes and hyper cholesterol disorders.
Distribution and redox speciation of dissolved iron on the European continental margin

To investigate the biogeochemistry of iron in the waters of the European continental margin, we determined the dissolved iron distribution and redox speciation in filtered (<0.2 µm) open‐ocean and shelf waters. Depth profiles were sampled over the shelf slope southeast of the Chapelle Bank area (47.61°N, 4.24°W to 46.00°N, 8.01°W) and a horizontal surface‐water transect over the shelf and through the English Channel (la Manche) and the southern North Sea (46°N, 8°W to 52°N, 4°E). An abrupt trace‐metal front was found near the shelf slope, indicated by a horizontal gradient of dissolved iron (DFe) and aluminium (DAl), which correlated with changing salinities (r2 = 0.572 and 0.528, respectively, n = 92). Labile Fe(II) concentrations varied from <12 pmol L−1 in North Atlantic surface waters to >200 pmol L−1 in the near bottom waters of the shelf break. Labile Fe(II) accounted for ~5% of the dissolved iron species in surface shelf waters (mean 5.0 ± 2.7%), whereas higher Fe(II) fractions (i.e., >8%) were observed near the sea bottom on the shelf break and during a midday solar maximum in surface waters in the vicinity of the Scheldt river plume. Benthic processes (resuspension and diagenesis) constituted important sources of Fe(II) and DFe in this region, and photoreduction of Fe(III) species in shelf waters caused enhanced labile Fe(II) concentrations. These processes increased the lability of iron and its potential availability to marine organisms in the shelf ecosystem.
Consumption and Aggregate Constraints: International Evidence

This paper documents that region-level consumption exhibits excess sensitivity to lagged income in Italy, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom and West Germany. However, region-specific idiosyncratic) consumption exhibits substantially less sensitivity to lagged region-specific income. Also, excess sensitivity is inversely related to standard measures of openness and credit market integration and for most countries, it has decreased over time. These findings are consistent with those reported in Ostergaard, Sorensen & Yosha (2002) for U.S. state-level and Canadian province-level data, and provide empirical support for the hypothesis that closed-economy constraints may partly be responsible for the excess sensitivity phenomenon in aggregate data.
Isolation of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum from calves with pneumonia and proposal of a diagnostic protocol.

The aims of this study are the isolation and identification of possible bacteriological agents in respiratory infections of calves and the optimization of a diagnostic protocol to identify Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. Lesions of lungs from calves with pneumonia were examined. Cultural, morphological and conventional biochemical testing were done. The investigation was complemented by the double CAMP test. Five strains of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum in pure culture were found. The presence of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum in the lungs of calves with pneumonia was established and, consequently, more attention should be paid to this species in everyday laboratory work. The cultural similarity of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum to common bacteria like beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. and Arcanobacterium pyogenes is probably responsible for rare reports on the isolation of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum in veterinary microbiology. Our results indicate that Arcanobacterium haemolyticum could be or is the etiological agent of pneumonia. Therefore, we suggest the diagnostic protocol available for routine work in most microbiological laboratories. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 41012]
Victims of the Soviet penal system in the pre-war years: A first approach on the basis of

Population dynamics in the penal system (or GULAG) in the Soviet Union during the 1930s are analyzed using data from recently available secret police and Communist party documents. The focus is on the total loss and destruction of life. The authors conclude that the lower previous estimates of mortality may be more accurate than higher ones. (ANNOTATION)
Multidimensional motivation and engagement for writing: construct validation with a sample of boys

Given recent concerns around boys’ literacy, this study examined multidimensional writing motivation and engagement among boys. We explored internal and external validity of 11 adaptive (e.g. self-efficacy for writing) and maladaptive (e.g. disengagement from writing) factors of writing motivation and engagement. The sample comprised 781 male Australian high school students (aged 11–18 years). We used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to conduct our analyses. Results confirmed the internal structure of the factors and revealed that parent education, and to a lesser degree language background, predicted several motivation and engagement factors. In addition, the adaptive motivation and engagement factors were associated positively with several writing (e.g. enjoyment of writing) and literacy outcomes (e.g. literacy achievement), whereas the maladaptive factors tended to be negatively associated. Invariance was found in the associations among the motivation and engagement factors and the outcomes across several participant subgroups (e.g. by gender, language background). There was also measurement invariance between the study’s sample and five randomly drawn samples of students from archived data on domain-general academic motivation and engagement. Combined, our analyses shed light on a domain-specific area of motivation and engagement – writing – that could benefit from an integrative multidimensional examination.
Spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions from forest fires in China from 1950 to 2000

[1] We have estimated the emission of carbon ( C) and carbon-containing trace gases including CO(2), CO, CH(4), and NMHC ( nonmethane hydrocarbons) from forest fires in China for the time period from 1950 to 2000 by using a combination of remote sensing, forest fire inventory, and terrestrial ecosystem modeling. Our results suggest that mean annual carbon emission from forest fires in China is about 11.31 Tg per year, ranging from a minimum level of 8.55 Tg per year to a maximum level of 13.9 Tg per year. This amount of carbon emission is resulted from the atmospheric emissions of four trace gases as follows: ( 1) 40.66 Tg CO(2) with a range from 29.21 to 47.53 Tg, ( 2) 2.71 Tg CO with a range from 1.48 to 4.30 Tg, ( 3) 0.112 Tg CH(4) with a range from 0.06 to 0.2 Tg, and ( 4) 0.113 Tg NMHC with a range from 0.05 to 0.19 Tg. Our study indicates that fire-induced carbon emissions show substantial interannual and decadal variations before 1980 but have remained relatively low and stable since 1980 because of the application of fire suppression. Large spatial variation in fire-induced carbon emissions exists due to the spatial variability of climate, forest types, and fire regimes.
Fatigue reliability and service life prediction of aluminum naval ship details based on monitoring data

The evolution of naval vessels toward high-speed crafts subjected to severe sea conditions has promoted an increasing interest in lightweight high-strength materials. Due to its strength and weight characteristics, aluminum has been proven especially suitable as construction material for hull structures as well as other vessel parts. However, fatigue in aluminum naval crafts needs to be effectively addressed for the proper life-cycle assessment. Structural health monitoring systems constitute effective tools for measuring the structural response and assessing the structural performance under actual operational conditions. In this article, an approach for using structural health monitoring information in the fatigue reliability analysis and service life prediction of aluminum naval vessels is presented. The accumulated fatigue damage and the fatigue reliability are quantified based on structural health monitoring data acquired under different operational conditions, specified by the ship speeds, sea states, and heading angles. Additionally, an approach for estimating the reliability-based fatigue life under a given operational profile is presented. Seakeeping trial data of an aluminum high-speed naval vessel are used to illustrate the proposed approach.
The Financial Literacy of Micro Entrepreneurs in South Africa

Abstract The research investigated the level of financial literacy of the owners of new micro-enterprises in South Africa. This study used financial planning, analysis and control, book-keeping, understanding of funding sources, business terminology, finance and information skills, use of technology and risk-management to measure the financial literacy of entrepreneurs. Data was gathered through the use self-administered questionnaire in a survey. A combination of dichotomous and Likert scale questions were used for the survey. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The results suggest a low level of financial literacy by the owners of new micro-enterprises. Recommendations to improve financial literacy are suggested.
Concentration Based Inference for High Dimensional (Generalized) Regression Models: New Phenomena in Hypothesis Testing

We develop simple and non-asymptotically justified methods for hypothesis testing about the coefficients ($\theta^{*}\in\mathbb{R}^{p}$) in the high dimensional (generalized) regression models where $p$ can exceed the sample size $n$. Given a function $h:\,\mathbb{R}^{p}\mapsto\mathbb{R}^{m}$, we consider $H_{0}:\,h(\theta^{*})=\mathbf{0}_{m}$ against the alternative hypothesis $H_{1}:\,h(\theta^{*})\neq\mathbf{0}_{m}$, where $m$ can be as large as $p$ and $h$ can be nonlinear in $\theta^{*}$. Our test statistics is based on the sample score vector evaluated at an estimate $\hat{\theta}_{\alpha}$ that satisfies $h(\hat{\theta}_{\alpha})=\mathbf{0}_{m}$, where $\alpha$ is the prespecified Type I error. We provide nonasymptotic control on the Type I and Type II errors for the score test. In addition, confidence regions are constructed in terms of the score vectors. By exploiting the concentration phenomenon in Lipschitz functions, the key component reflecting the ``dimension complexity'' in our non-asymptotic thresholds uses a Monte-Carlo approximation to ``mimic'' the expectation that is concentrated around and automatically captures the dependencies between the coordinates. The novelty of our methods is that their validity does not rely on good behavior of $\left\Vert \hat{\theta}_{\alpha}-\theta^{*}\right\Vert _{2}$ or even $n^{-1/2}\left\Vert X\left(\hat{\theta}_{\alpha}-\theta^{*}\right)\right\Vert _{2}$ nonasymptotically or asymptotically. Most interestingly, we discover phenomena that are opposite from the existing literature: (1) More restrictions (larger $m$) in $H_{0}$ make our procedures more powerful; (2) whether $\theta^{*}$ is sparse or not, it is possible for our procedures to detect alternatives with probability at least $1-\textrm{Type II error}$ when $p\geq n$ and $m>p-n$; (3) the coverage probability of our procedures is not affected by how sparse $\theta^{*}$ is. The proposed procedures are evaluated with simulation studies, where the empirical evidence supports our key insights.
Applying statistical analysis to understanding the dynamics of volcanic explosions

N. VARLEY, J. JOHNSON, M. RUIZ, G. REYES & K. MARTIN Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico (e-mail: nick@ucol.mx) Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA (e-mail: jeff.johnson@unh.edu) Instituto Geofisico, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Box 17-01-2759, Ecuador (e-mail: mruiz@igepn.edu.ec) RESCO, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico (e-mail: gabrielr@cgic.ucol.mx) Department of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5201, USA (e-mail: Ktmartin@mail.usf.edu)
Land use and climatic factors structure regional patterns in soil microbial

Aim Although patterns are emerging for macroorganisms, we have limited understanding of the factors determining soil microbial community composition and productivity at large spatial extents. The overall objective of this study was to discern the drivers of microbial community composition at the extent of biogeographical provinces and regions. We hypothesized that factors associated with land use and climate would drive soil microbial community composition and biomass.
Composition and temperature dependence of Fe-Mg ordering in cummingtonite-grunerite as determined by X-ray diffraction

The crystal structures of 24 heat-treated and six unheated natural ferromagresian clinoamphiboles have been refined from single-crystal X-ray intensity data. Relative to Mg, Fe2+ is strongly concentrated in the M4 site and weakly depleted in the M2 site in all crystals examined, but the degree of fractionation is less pronounced in the samples equilibrated at high temperature. Fe shows a weak preference for M3 relative to Ml in heattreated cummingtonite-grunerite, but no significant preference is observed in unheated crystals. Site preferences expressed in terms of an ideal ordering energy, -Ri"ln K,r, show no temperature dependence over the range of temperatures of heat treatment, 600-750 . C. The ideal ordering energy between Ml and M4, -R7"ln K'o, equal to 18.2 + 0.3 (lo) kJ, is independent of composition except for very magnesian compositions, for which the degree of ordering decreases. The ideal ordering energy between the Ml and M2 sites, -Ri"ln K,r, decreases from -2 kJ at pure FerSirOrr(OH) to -6 kJ at pure Mg'Si'Orr(OH)r. With the assumption that Ca is restricted to the M4 site and that Mn is strongly ordered into the M4 site, Ml23 vs. M4 site preferences determined by Mtissbauer spectroscopy are consistent with our X-ray diffraction results. The projection of Miissbauer results to the Fe-Mg join is more critically dependent than X-ray refinements on the assignment of Ca and Mn onto the appropriate sites. Our projection of the Mdssbauer data of natural cummingtonite and grunerite collected by Hafner and Ghose (197l) indicates stronger ordering between M4 and Ml23 than previously interpreted. At room temperature, heat-treated cummingtonite with Fe/(Fe + Mg) as g.reat as 0.38 has P2r/m symmetry. Average bond lengths for the Ml, M2, and M3 octahedra correlate well with mean ionic radius, and, for equivalent site occupancies, the mean bond length of the M3 octahedron is approximately 0.05 A smaller than those of the Ml and M2 octahedra. When corrected for impurities, variations in cell volume with Fe/(Fe + Mg) are linear, giving extrapolated molar volumes of 26.33 + 0.01 (lo) J/bar for magnesiocummingtonite and 27 . 84 + 0.01 J/bar for grunerite. The cell volume of ferromagnesian clinoamphibole is indistinguishable from that of orthoamphibole of the same composition, indicating that cummingtonite molar volumes may also be appropriate for end-member anthophyllite and ferroanthophyllite. The derived molar volume of anthophyllite is l0lo smaller than that given by the data bases of Berman (1988) and Holland and Powell (1990). There are no detectable variations in cell volume of cummingtonite attributable to changes in ordering state.
Influence of in ovo injection and subsequent provision of silver nanoparticles on growth performance, microbial profile, and immune status of broiler chickens

Correspondence: Andre Chwalibog University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Gronnegardsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Tel +45 3533 3044 Fax +45 3533 3020 Email ac@life.ku. dk Background: Because of their unique biological properties and strong antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles have received considerable attention and been used widely in an increasing number of consumer and medical products. In the present study, the potential of silver nanoparticles as an alternative antimicrobial growth-promoting supplement for broiler chickens was investigated. Methods: On day 1 of incubation, two groups of fertile eggs were injected with colloidal silver nanoparticles 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg. A third group was not injected and designated as a control group. At day 7 post-hatching, drinking water containing three silver nanoparticle concentrations (0, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was offered for 4 weeks. Body weight and feed consumption were measured weekly. At days 22 and 36, blood samples and intestinal contents were collected to evaluate the effects of the silver nanoparticles on plasma concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) and intestinal microflora. Results: In ovo injection of silver nanoparticles 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg and subsequent provision in the drinking water during the post-hatch period reduced feed intake by about 5.0 g/day (P = 0.02) and body weight by about 41.0 g (P = 0.001); however, no concurrent effect on feed conversion ratio was observed. Bacterial populations in the ileum were not affected. Numbers of lactose-negative enterobacteria and lactic acid bacteria decreased in the cecum (P , 0.05). Silver nanoparticle supplementation increased the concentration of acetic acid (P = 0.006), but not the concentrations of butyric, propionic, valeric, and succinic acid in the cecum. No treatment effects on plasma concentrations of IgG and IgM were noted. Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles affect feed intake, acetic acid concentration, numbers of lactosenegative and lactic acid bacteria, and immunoglobulin levels in broiler chickens. Silver nanoparticles are a potent antimicrobial agent for use in these birds. However, their activity and impact on growth performance should be explored further in a commercial poultry production setting.
Correlation between histopathological grading and shear-wave elastography in evaluating invasive carcinoma of no special type

The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between histologic grade and shear-wave elastography in evaluating invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST). A total of 84 breast lesions in 80 patients (age range, 32–64 years) were retrospectively evaluated. The patients underwent B-mode ultrasound and virtual touch tissue quantification diagnosis. A semi-quantitative method was then applied in order to determine the histologic grade of the invasive carcinoma of NST according to the grading system published by the World Health Organization. Among the 84 breast lesions, 14 (16.7%) were classified as Grade I, while 29 (34.5%) and 41 (48.8%) were determined to be of Grade II and Grade III, respectively. The size of the breast lesions increased with the increase in histological grade (P<0.001). In addition, 29.3% of the Grade-III breast lesions exhibited acoustic enhancement, while the majority of the Grade-I breast lesions (78.6%) exhibited acoustic shadowing (P=0.002). Furthermore, a higher histopathological grade was closely correlated with a higher mean, minimum and maximum shear-wave velocity value (P<0.05). In conclusion, regarding the evaluation of invasive breast carcinoma of NST, the histologic grade was strongly correlated with tissue stiffness; a higher histologic grade was associated with a harder lesion. Therefore, shear-wave elastography may provide important clinical reference values.