Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risks and benefits of dietary isoflavones for cancer

A high intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of cancer. In this context, considerable attention is paid to Asian populations who consume high amounts of soy and soy-derived isoflavones, and have a lower risk for several cancer types such as breast and prostate cancers than populations in Western countries. Hence, interest focuses on soyfoods, soy products, and soy ingredients such as isoflavones with regard to their possible beneficial effects that were observed in numerous experiments and studies. The outcomes of the studies are not always conclusive, are often contradictory depending on the experimental conditions, and are, therefore, difficult to interpret. Isoflavone research revealed not only beneficial but also adverse effects, for instance, on the reproductive system. This is also the case with tumor-promoting effects on, for example, breast tissue. Isoflavone extracts and supplements are often used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and for the prevention of age-associated conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In relation to this, questions about the effectiveness and safety of isoflavones have to be clarified. Moreover, there are concerns about the maternal consumption of isoflavones due to the development of leukemia in infants. In contrast, men may benefit from the intake of isoflavones with regard to reducing the risk of prostate cancer. Therefore, this review examines the risks but also the benefits of isoflavones with regard to various kinds of cancer, which can be derived from animal and human studies as well as from in vitro experiments.
γH2AX foci on apparently intact mitotic chromosomes: Not signatures of misrejoining events but signals of unresolved DNA damage

The presence of γH2AX foci on apparently intact mitotic chromosomes is controversial because they challenge the assumed relationship between γH2AX foci and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this work, we show that after irradiation during interphase, a variety of γH2AX foci are scored in mitotic cells. Surprisingly, approximately 80% of the γH2AX foci spread over apparently undamaged chromatin at Terminal or Interstitial positions and they can display variable sizes, thus being classified as Small, Medium and Big foci. Chromosome and chromatid breaks that reach mitosis are spotted with Big (60%) and Medium (30%) Terminal γH2AX foci, but very rarely are they signaled with Small γH2AX foci. To evaluate if Interstitial γH2AX foci might be signatures of misrejoining, an mFISH analysis was performed on the same slides. The results show that Interstitial γH2AX foci lying on apparently intact chromatin do not mark sites of misrejoining, and that misrejoined events were never signaled by a γH2AX foci during mitosis. Finally, when analyzing the presence of other DNA-damage response (DDR) factors we found that all γH2AX foci—regardless their coincidence with a visible break—always colocalized with MRE11, but not with 53BP1. This pattern suggests that these γH2AX foci may be hallmarks of both microscopically visible and invisible DNA damage, in which an active, although incomplete or halted DDR is taking place.
Exposure to Anaesthetic Gases and Spontaneous Abortion: Response Bias in a Postal Questionnaire Study

: A postal questionnaire study on anaesthetic gas exposure and miscarriage rate was performed among women who worked or had previously worked in a Swedish hospital. Results were evaluated in relation to age, smoking habits, work site at the first trimester of pregnancy and clinical accuracy of the reported data. An important part of the study was the collection of information on pregnancies among non-respondents. A higher, although non-significant, miscarriage rate was reported among women who had worked in areas with high exposure during the first trimester compared to unexposed women. A selection was found among the non-respondents with respect to both working site during pregnancy and outcome of pregnancy. All women suffering a miscarriage while working at sites with exposure to anaesthetic gases reported their work site and miscarriage, while one third of all miscarriages occurring to women who were not exposed during pregnancy were not reported in the questionnaire.
Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis among Primary School Children in Bursa, Turkey. -

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its association with sociodemographic factors in 6- to 14-year-old children in the central district of Bursa, located in western Turkey. Methods: A cross sectional epidemiological study was performed among the 125,843 primary schoolchildren. In total, 3270 students aged 6-14 years participated (response rate 98.0%). Data were collected via a questionnaire completed by parents. The relationships between the prevalence of enuresis and various sociodemographic variables were assessed. Results: The overall prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 23.5%, and the prevalence of the condition was higher in males than in females (52.5% vs. 47.5%). Of the students positive for nocturnal enuresis, 59.1% had primary and 41.9% had secondary enuresis. Male gender, history of enuresis, deep sleep, and constipation were significantly associated with enuresis. Conclusions: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis may be higher than in previous studies in Turkey, a finding that may be due to the relatively low socioeconomic status of the families in this study.
The psychiatric intensive care unit: A prospective survey of patient demographics and outcomes at seven English PICUs

Background : Psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) have become a standard part of UK mental health services. They treat patients who may be very unwell and who are usually compulsorily detained. There is little published data about the clinical activity of such units to provide an evidence base for clinical governance. Aim : To describe the socio-demographic characteristics, mental state and outcome of treatment for 332 patients admitted consecutively to seven English PICUs. Method : Prospective, multi-centre case note analysis. Results : PICU patients were predominantly Caucasian males, in their mid thirties, with complex needs and chronic psychotic illness often complicated by substance misuse. Most were admitted because of perceived risk of violence to others. Whilst most admissions appeared to be broadly in line with Department of Health guidelines some patients experienced an excessive length of PICU stay. Patients from particular BME groups were over-represented. Conclusions : PICUs appear to deliver effective treatment but are not always the least restrictive environment as envisaged by the Department of Health. Further work is needed to evaluate treatment interventions and develop valid measures of quality of care.
A novel role of SIRT1 in gammaherpesvirus latency and replication

Viruses often hijack cellular functions to facilitate their infection and replication. SIRT1, one of the most widely studied sirtuins, functions as both metabolic sensor and transcriptional regulator. SIRT1 has broad cellular functions including metabolic homeostasis, stress response, tumorigenesis and autophagy. The role of SIRT1 in the life cycle of viruses remains unclear. Like all herpesviruses, oncogenic gammaherpesvirus KSHV has both latent and lytic phases. In a recent study, we have shown that SIRT1 binds to the promoter and silence the expression of KSHV replication and transcription activator (RTA), a key activator of viral lytic replication. Chemical inhibition or knock down of SIRT1 is sufficient to initiate the lytic replication program by increasing active histone H3 trimethyl Lys4 (H3K4me3) mark and decreasing repressive histone H3 trimethyl Lys27 (H3K27me3) mark in the RTA promoter. SIRT1 also interacts with RTA and inhibits RTA transactivation of its own promoter and those of downstream target genes. Our findings reveal that SIRT1 regulates KSHV latency by inhibiting different stages of viral lytic replication, and link a metabolic sensor and transcriptional regulator SIRT1 to KSHV life cycle.
An overview of ethnopharmacological properties of Boerhaavia diffusa

Herbal medicines are used by traditional healers since hundreds of years, and medicinal plants are imperative reserve for traditional and herbal industry. This practice is in vogue since ancient times. Over 80,000 species of plants are used globally for their medicinal uses. Boerhaavia diffusa is one of the distinguished medicinal plants used to treat large number of human ailments. The plant in whole or its parts (aerial parts and roots) have abundant medicinal properties and are used by common and ethnic people for their common ailments. The investigated and reported pharmacological and therapeutic properties of B. diffusa include laxative and immunomodulatory activities, cancer chemo-preventive efficacy, inhibition of tumorigenesis, antioxidant activity, hepatoprotective activity, hypoglycemic activity, antifungal, anti-proliferative, anti-estrogenic, analgesic, potent anti-ﬁbrinolytic, antibacterial activity, anticonvulsant activity, diuretic, spasmolytic activity, anti-stress and dyspepsia. It has been studied with keen interest due to its promising medicinal values in phytochemical and pharmacological research field. The objective of this review on B. diffusa is to sum up plant morphology, chemical compositions, ethno-medicinal uses with a scope of development in future. The manifold benefits of B. diffusa has made it a true miracle of nature. Key words: Boerhaavia diffusa, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antifungal, anti-proliferative, anti-estrogenic, analgesic, antibacterial.
A critical review of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonate exposure and cancer risk in humans

Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) are ubiquitous synthetic chemicals with no known effect on human cancer development. This article systematically and critically reviews the epidemiologic evidence regarding the association between PFOA and PFOS exposure and cancer risk in humans. Eighteen epidemiologic studies – eight of PFOA, four of PFOS, and six of both PFOA and PFOS – have estimated associations of exposure to these chemicals with cancer incidence or mortality, with studies equally divided between occupational and nonoccupational settings. Although some statistically significant positive associations have been reported, for example, with cancers of the prostate, kidney, testis, and thyroid, the majority of relative risk estimates for both PFOA and PFOS have been between 0.5 and 2.0 (with 95% confidence intervals including 1.0), inconsistently detected across studies, counterbalanced by negative associations, not indicative of a monotonic exposure-response relationship, and not coherent with toxicological evidence in animals, in which the primary target organs are the liver, testis (Leydig cells), and pancreas (acinar cells). Many positive associations with PFOA exposure were detected in community settings without occupational exposure and were not supported by results in exposed workers. Given that occupational exposure to PFOA and PFOS is one to two orders of magnitude higher than environmental exposure, the discrepant positive findings are likely due to chance, confounding, and/or bias. Taken together, the epidemiologic evidence does not support the hypothesis of a causal association between PFOA or PFOS exposure and cancer in humans.
Pulmonary Hemorrhage in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma

Pulmonary hemorrhage is rarely presented in patients with multiple myeloma. Herein, we describe a 65-year-old man with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma developed severe pulmonary hemorrhage and acute hypoxic respiratory failure before receiving any treatment for myeloma. The bleeding was successfully treated with plasma exchange, and the respiratory condition recovered well. This case illustrates that multiple myeloma should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of pulmonary hemorrhage.
Bacterial infectious burden and prevalence of idiopathic central nervous system demyelinating diseases in Japanese

We recently reported that the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection rates have increased in Japanese patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), especially in those with antiaquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies. In contrast, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have lower H. pylori infection rates than healthy controls. H. pylori infects humans during infancy before the gastric barrier has become well developed, and persists for life. Its infection rates reflect the sanitary conditions during childhood. The above observations suggest that the bacterial infectious burden differs between MS and NMO, especially during childhood while the immune system is being shaped. According to the hygiene hypothesis, individuals raised in a clean environment encounter less frequent opportunities for childhood infections, thereby leading to insufficient development of the immune-regulatory system. Such subjects are assumed to develop allergic and autoimmune inflammation through inefficient functioning of their immune-regulatory system. This scenario might explain the recent increases in MS prevalence in well-developed countries, including Japan. By contrast, if the bacterial infectious burden can contribute to NMO development, NMO might decrease in younger generations raised in a clean environment. The fourth Japanese nationwide survey showed that the absolute numbers of patients with opticospinal MS with longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions, which is now regarded as an equivalent to NMO, successively decreased with advancing year of birth in northern Japan. However, because anti-AQP4 antibodies had not been discovered at that time, it remains unknown whether the number of patients who fulfilled the definition of NMO really decreased. Thus, we examined the distributions of MS and NMO/NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) by year of
Age associated communication between cells and matrix: a potential impact on stem cell-based tissue regeneration strategies

A recent paper demonstrated that decellularized extracellular matrix (DECM) deposited by synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs), especially from fetal donors, could rejuvenate human adult SDSCs in both proliferation and chondrogenic potential, in which expanded cells and corresponding culture substrate (such as DECM) were found to share a mutual reaction in both elasticity and protein profiles (see ref. 1). It seems that young DECM may assist in the development of culture strategies that optimize proliferation and maintain “stemness” of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), helping to overcome one of the primary difficulties in MSC-based regenerative therapies. In this paper, the effects of age on the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of MSCs are reviewed, along with the ability of DECM from young cells to rejuvenate old cells. In an effort to highlight some of the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, we discuss age-related changes to extracellular matrix (ECM)'s physical properties and chemical composition.
Attitudes of Nursing Faculty Regarding Nursing Students with a Chemical Dependency: A National Survey

&NA; The purpose of the current study was to determine the attitudes of nursing faculty in institutions of higher learning toward student nurses with chemical dependency problems. A descriptive nationwide mail-out survey of 874 randomly selected faculty from 200 randomly selected nursing programs was conducted. The response rate for the schools was 87.5% and 37% for faculty, resulting in a sample of 324 for data analysis. Subjects completed a 32-item “Perceptions of Student Nurses Impairment Inventory” and a 5-item demographic survey for age, years of teaching experience, years of nursing experience, personal experience with chemically dependent individuals, and religious preference. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to determine the sample's agreement, disagreement, and ambivalence toward the 32 items on the study inventory. Spearman rho correlation coefficients and Chi square analyses were used to determine the influences of the selected demographic variables on subject attitudes toward chemically dependent student nurses. It was concluded that nursing faculty: (1) believe they have a responsibility to help chemically dependent student nurses receive assistance; (2) believe chemical dependency occurs before beginning nursing education; (3) do not believe little can be done to help impaired student nurses; (4) do not believe chemical dependency is caused by personality weakness; (5) are not sure about their own ability to recognize chemical dependency in a student nurse; and (6) believe state boards of nursing have responsibilities to assist, refer, advise, and protect student nurses and applicants for licensure who admit to being chemically dependent.
Lipotoxicity and cardiac dysfunction in mammals and Drosophila

The lipotoxic effects of obesity are important contributing factors in cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the genetic mechanisms, by which lipotoxicity influences the initiation and progression of CVD are poorly understood. Hearts, of obese and diabetic individuals, exhibit several phenotypes in common, including ventricular remodeling, prolonged QT intervals, enhanced frequency of diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction, and decreased fractional shortening. High systemic lipid concentrations are thought to be the leading cause of lipid-related CVD in obese or diabetic individuals. However, an alternative possibility is that obesity leads to cardiac-specific steatosis, in which lipids and their metabolites accumulate within the myocardial cells themselves and thereby disrupt normal cardiovascular function. Drosophila has recently emerged as an excellent model to study the fundamental genetic mechanisms of metabolic control, as well as their relationship to heart function. Two recent studies of genetic and diet-induced cardiac lipotoxicity illustrate this. One study found that alterations in genes associated with membrane phospholipid metabolism may play a role in the abnormal lipid accumulation associated with cardiomyopathies. The second study showed that Drosophila fed a diet high in saturated fats, developed obesity, dysregulated insulin and glucose homeostasis, and severe cardiac dysfunction. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the detrimental effects of dysregulated lipid metabolism on cardiovascular function. We also discuss how the Drosophila model could help elucidate the basic genetic mechanisms of lipotoxicity- and metabolic syndrome-related cardiomyopathies in mammals.
Necrotizing soft tissue infections

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) represent a spectrum of diseases characterized by extensive rapidly progressive necrosis that may involve the skin, subcutaneous tissues, fascia or muscle. Their progress is extremely fast, leading often to sepsis and septic shock that ends up in multiple organ failure with abrupt and high mortality. A variety of classification systems have been developed based on parameters such as anatomic location of the disease or microbiology. There are a number of factors that predispose to the spread of these soft tissue infections, such as delays in recognition, immune suppression, diabetes mellitus and advanced age. The use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics tends to mask the severity of the underlying infection, modulates the clinical presentation, and even delays hospital admission. The most important factor affecting outcome in NSTI is early diagnosis and aggressive radical surgical treatment. The medical records of 13 patients who had been treated for NSTI from 1996 to 2005 were reviewed, retrospectively. There were eight men (61.5%) and five (38.5%) women. Mean age was 56 years (range 27–73). Seven cases of infection involved the perineal region (54%), two the lower limb, one the upper limb and three the abdominal wall/trunk. The most common associated comorbidity was diabetes mellitus in five patients (38.5%). A single organism was identified in two (15%) and multiple organisms in 11 (85%) patients. Necrotizing aponeurositis Type I was the most common of the polymicrobial necrotizing infections. Overall survival was 85%, and the mean hospital stay for survivors was 35 days (range 17–92).
Analysis of 122 Cases of Hysterosalpingography on Women Infertile in Libreville (Gabon)

Objectives: To describe and analyse the lesions observed during hysterosalpingography in infertile married women. Patients and methods: We conducted a cohort descriptive and analytical study with retrospective recruitment from 1st January to 31st December 2010 at Josephine Bongo maternity hospital. Married female patients who consulted for infertility were included in this study. Results: We included 122 patients. Infertility accounted for 0.48% of consultations. The average age was 32.07 ± 7 years with dominant secondary infertility (82.8%); no visible means of support 64.28 ± 3% and average duration of infertility was 6.28 ± 3 years. The report of infection screening detected 78.65% of positive chlamydial serology. Tubal affections (81.45%) were the main lesions observed during hysterosalpingography. Among them, 61.71% concerned both ends of fallopian tubes (43.20% distal and 18.51% proximal). Conclusion: Tubal affections are the main causes of infertility in women in Gabon. Genital infections are the major risk factors. Health care teams should be aware of the emergency treatment of female genital infections and a centre for medically assisted reproduction should be set up.
Psychotropic Medications and Their Effect on Brain Volumes in Childhood Psychopathology.

The heightened awareness of psychopathology in childhood has been paralleled by an upsurge of prescriptions for psychotropic medications in this population (Olfson, Blanco, Liu, Wang, & Correll, 2012). Although medications are evidence-based treatments which in many disorders effectively ameliorate symptoms and impairment, their mounting use in pediatrics has been controversial (Rapoport, 2013). This is based on the lack of adequately powered randomized controlled trials combined with concerns for children’s greater sensitivity to side effects of psychotropic agents and the unclear ramifi cations for the developing brain. Physicians treating pediatric populations are thus charged with the challenge of weighing potentially far-reaching risks of medications against their benefi ts in children struggling with impairments that in and of themselves stand to impede development. To exercise sound clinical judgment, physicians should be informed about the neurobiological mechanisms and effects of psychotropic medications on the brain, particularly in children and adolescents. Advances in neuroimaging methods have provided the opportunity to begin to investigate the neural correlates of psychopathology as well as the impact of treatments on brain development. To examine the question of how pediatric psycho-
Cinderella story: PI4P goes from precursor to key signaling molecule

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol lipids are signaling molecules involved in nearly all aspects of cellular regulation. Production of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) has long been recognized as one of the first steps in generating poly-phosphatidylinositol phosphates involved in actin organization, cell migration, and signal transduction. In addition, progress over the last decade has brought to light independent roles for PI4P in membrane trafficking and lipid homeostasis. Here, we describe recent advances that reveal the breadth of processes regulated by PI4P, the spectrum of PI4P effectors, and the mechanisms of spatiotemporal control that coordinate crosstalk between PI4P and cellular signaling pathways.