Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity of Superconducting MgB 2

Employing the Geilikman-Kresin (GK) theory, we address the experimental data obtained by Bauer et al., and by Schneider et al., on the thermal conductivity (κ) of superconducting MgB2. The two gaps of this compound have qualitatively been understood via the well-known Suhl, Matthias, and Walker’s (SMW) approach to multigap superconductivity. Since this approach is based on one-phonon exchange mechanism for the formation of Cooper pairs, it cannot give a quantitative account of the values of Tc and the multiple gaps that characterize MgB2 and other high-Tc superconductors (SCs). Despite this fact and some rather ambiguous features, it has been pointed out in a recent critical review by Malik and Llano (ML) that the SMW approach provides an important clue to deal with an SC the two gaps of which close at the same Tc: consider the possibility of the interaction parameters in the theory to be temperature-dependent. Guided by this clue, ML gave a complete summary of parameters that quantitatively account for the Tc and the gaps of MgB2 via the generalized BCS equations (GBCSEs). GBCSEs which we recall, invoke multi-phonon exchange mechanism for the formation of Cooper pairs and multiple Debye temperatures to deal with composite SCs. The parameter-values given in ML are used here to calculate the temperature-dependent gaps, which are an essential input for the GK theory. Notable features of this work are: 1) kMgB2 is calculated for both—the scenario in which the two gaps of MgB2 close/do not close at the same temperature whence it is found that 2) the latter scenario yields results in better agreement with experiment.
Delaying and reversing frailty: a systematic review of primary care interventions.

BACKGROUND Recommendations for routine frailty screening in general practice are increasing as frailty prevalence grows. In England, frailty identification became a contractual requirement in 2017. However, there is little guidance on the most effective and practical interventions once frailty has been identified. AIM To assess the comparative effectiveness and ease of implementation of frailty interventions in primary care. DESIGN AND SETTING A systematic review of frailty interventions in primary care. METHOD Scientific databases were searched from inception to May 2017 for randomised controlled trials or cohort studies with control groups on primary care frailty interventions. Screening methods, interventions, and outcomes were analysed in included studies. Effectiveness was scored in terms of change of frailty status or frailty indicators and ease of implementation in terms of human resources, marginal costs, and time requirements. RESULTS A total of 925 studies satisfied search criteria and 46 were included. There were 15 690 participants (median study size was 160 participants). Studies reflected a broad heterogeneity. There were 17 different frailty screening methods. Of the frailty interventions, 23 involved physical activity and other interventions involved health education, nutrition supplementation, home visits, hormone supplementation, and counselling. A significant improvement of frailty status was demonstrated in 71% (n = 10) of studies and of frailty indicators in 69% (n=22) of studies where measured. Interventions with both muscle strength training and protein supplementation were consistently placed highest for effectiveness and ease of implementation. CONCLUSION A combination of muscle strength training and protein supplementation was the most effective intervention to delay or reverse frailty and the easiest to implement in primary care. A map of interventions was created that can be used to inform choices for managing frailty.
The relations between the patterns of gas exchange and water loss in diapausing pupae of large white butterfly Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

The relations between the patterns of discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGCs) and water loss were investigated in non- chilled diapausing pupae of the white cabbage butterfly Pieris brassicae kept at room temperature (22-24°C) in Petri dishes. An electrolytic respirometer, combined with an infrared (IR) actographic device was used for the simultaneous recordings of metabolic rate, cyclic release of carbon dioxide (bursts), passive suction inspirations (PSIs) and body movements. The patterns of cyclic gas exchange in four- and five-month-old non-chilled diapausing pupae varied individually to a considerable extent. About 40% of the pupae displayed long DGCs lasting 1-3 h, while the interburst periods were characterised by rare and almost regular large PSIs suc- ceeding at intervals of 1-4 min. Nearly 30% of the pupae exhibited short DGCs lasting 3-5 min, while between the bursts there occurred unclear frequent gas exchange microcycles. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) did not reveal significant differences between long DGCs and short DGCs ranging from 32-56 (mean 47.6 ± 4.6) ml O2 g -1 h -1 , and 28-61 (mean 44.95 ± 5.3) ml O2 g -1 h -1 , respec- tively. The mentioned levels of SMR were characteristic of diapausing pupae. Water loss in pupae with long DGCs was determined gravimetrically to be 0.29 ± 0.1 mg g -1 day 1 . At the same time, water loss in pupae that showed only short DGCs and irregular microcycles was 1.73 ± 0.31 mg g -1 day -1 , which was significantly higher than in individuals characterised by long DGCs. We suggest that water loss in the non-chilled diapausing pupae may depend significantly on the patterns of cyclic gas exchange: long cycles and rare but deep PSIs exerted a marked water conserving effect.
Investigations on the soft bottom bentyhos in a southwest Pacific atoll lagoon (Uvea, New Caledonia)

Microbenthos and macrobenthos were quantitatively studied at 62 stations distributed regularly over the Uvea Atoll lagoon (850 km2). Sampling was performed using both SCUBA and a 0.1 mz Smith Mchtyre grab. Mean estimates of ATP, chlorophyll a and phaeopigments were 297.3 ng/cm2, 77.01 mg/m* and 35.28 mg/m2 respectively. The mean macrobenthic biomass was 4.14 gAFDW/mz of which the macrophytobenthos accounts for 39%. The benthic biomass decreased from the coast to the deepest parts of the lagoon. Macrophytes were most abundant in the coastal area and became progressively scarcer with increasing depth. By comparison, sessile species dominated on hard substrates in intermediate and deep zones. The abundance of the surface-deposit feeder group, that dominated the trophic structure of zoobenthos (33% of the macrofauna biomass), could be explained by a microphytic biomass six times higher than macrophytobenthic one in terms of carbon. Carnivores (32%) were mainly represented by necrophagous species, and filter-feeders (27%) by bivalves. Herbivores were rare. Four main benthic communities were identified on the basis of their macrobenthic assemblages using a Detrended Correspondence analysis. They corresponded to (1) a coastal zone, with the highest mud percentage in sediments, (2) an intermediate zone, with moderate depth and dominated by hard substrates, (3) a back reef zone, with thick sand layers, and (4) a deep zone dominated by hard substrates. Relative distribution of the trophic groups varied according to the different zones and suggests distinct functional characteristics for the different benthic assemblages. From a biogeographic point of view, this study highlighted the richness of the Uvea Atoll lagoon in terms of benthic species and biomass, compared to other central Pacific atoll lagoons.
Comparing Unet training with three different datasets to correct CBCT images for prostate radiotherapy dose calculations

Image intensity correction is crucial to enable cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) based radiotherapy dose calculations. This study evaluated three different deep learning based correction methods using a U-shaped convolutional neural network architecture (Unet) in terms of their photon and proton dose calculation accuracy. CT and CBCT imaging data of 42 prostate cancer patients were included. For target ground truth data generation, a CBCT correction method based on CT to CBCT deformable image registration (DIR) was used. The method yields a deformed CT called (i) virtual CT (vCT) which is used to generate (ii) corrected CBCT projections allowing the reconstruction of (iii) a final corrected CBCT image. The single Unet architecture was trained using these three different datasets: (Unet1) raw and corrected CBCT projections, (Unet2) raw CBCT and vCT image slices and (Unet3) raw and reference corrected CBCT image slices. Volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) and proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) single field uniform dose (SFUD) plans were optimized on the reference corrected image and recalculated on the obtained Unet-corrected CBCT images. The mean error (ME) and mean absolute error (MAE) for Unet1/2/3 were Hounsfield units (HU) and HU. The 1% dose difference pass rates were better than 98.4% for VMAT for 8 test patients not seen during training, with little difference between Unets. Gamma evaluation results were even better. For protons a gamma evaluation was employed to account for small range shifts, and mm pass rates for Unet1/2/3 were better than and 91%. A 3 mm range difference threshold was established. Only for Unet3 the 5th and 95th percentiles of the range difference distributions over all fields, test patients and dose profiles were within this threshold. A single Unet architecture was successfully trained using both CBCT projections and CBCT image slices. Since the results of the other Unets were poorer than Unet3, we conclude that training using corrected CBCT image slices as target data is optimal for PBS SFUD proton dose calculations, while for VMAT all Unets provided sufficient accuracy.
Investigating the Thermal and Mechanical Performance of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Reinforced with cellulose, wood fibers and Copolymer

Polylactic Acid, a sugar based biodegradable polymer possesses attractive properties that makes it a candidate for sustainable applications. However, other properties limiting an application like low thermal stability, reduced mechanical performance and moisture sensitivity compared to polypropylene, polyethylene and polystyrene. In the current study, properties of PLA were improved by compounding and hot pressing it with different natural commercial and readily available fibers of Kraft cellulose, wood fiber, viscouse Lyocell® and Cordenka® in mass proportions of 10%, 20% and 30% relative to the matrix PLA with 10% of an additional copolymer. Charpy impact strength, tensile strength, thermal properties and morphology were investigated and compared for all composites and their possible applications. It was found that Charpy impact strength reduced with increase in fiber content with highest impact of (63 kJ/m2) at 10% viscouse fiber loading. A high tensile strength of 67 MPa was obtained from 30% Lyocell fiber in the composite which was 4 MPa and 10 MPa higher than that of Kraft cellulose at the 30% fiber loading and pure PLA respectively. Modulus of elasticity reached a maximum value of 6 GPa at 30 % loading of Kraft cellulose. Addition of copolymer showed reduced stiffness for all the composites due to impregnation of the active sites instead of bonding hence did not improve the fiber-matrix interaction. Detailed analysis showed better fiber-matrix interface, fiber pullout and the active role played by fibers in absorbing energy thus enhancing the mechanical properties. Water absorption on the other hand showed prolonged water uptake. Thermal analysis for composite without copolymer revealed a stable crystal structure whereas those with copolymer showed different melting peaks indicative of the presence of different phases in the structure. The results obtained shows that the properties of PLA can be enhanced by addition of natural fibers in cellulosic form. This will reduce the cost of these composites and will open up an avenue in which biodegradable composites can be utilized in applications to replace the components made from non-degradable polymers.
Simulation of local air‐sea interaction in the great warm pool and its influence on Asian monsoon

[1] An ocean mixed layer model was coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with the aim to investigate the effect of local air-sea interaction on Asian summer monsoon (ASM). When local air-sea interaction was allowed in the great warm pool [GWP, i.e., oceans with annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) above 28°C across Indian Ocean and the western Pacific], the simulated ASM climatology presents a substantial improvement in both the precipitation distribution and monsoon onset timing compared to the AGCM control run. To illustrate the main physical processes responsible for such a change, another AGCM sensitivity experiment was conducted, in which SST within the GWP was derived from output of the coupled run whereas SST outside the GWP are identical to the AGCM control run. Intercomparison results indicate that air-sea interaction modulates SST efficiently via wind-evaporation and cloud-radiation processes for most parts of the GWP, which in turn influences atmospheric circulation and precipitation pattern. In the Bay of Bengal, for example, SST reaches its annual peak before the monsoon onset and increases the atmospheric instability and moisture convergence above it, providing a favorable background for the development of deep convection. After the monsoon onset, however, increased surface wind speed and deceased incoming solar radiation flux lead to the colder in situ SST, lower humidity, and weaker convection. Hence properly representation of local air-sea interaction is crucial in mimicking and predicting the ASM in the coupled model.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MERU COMMUNITY OF KENYA

The aim of the study was to evaluate antimicrobial potentiality and establish phytochemical profiles of tenmedicinal plants collected from the rural communities of Chuka, Tharaka Nithi County of Kenya. Plant sampleswere collected, dried, pulverized into a fine powder and extracted with distilled water. Phytochemical screeningwas carried out qualitatively on the aqueous extracts using standard established procedures. Filter‐paper disc‐agardiffusion procedure was used to determine the plant extract activity on four bacterial strains and a fungus. Albiziaanthelmintica, Entada leptostachya and Warbugia ugandensis extracts were active against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. E. coli was the most susceptiblebacteria against all the plant extracts tested except Harissonia abyssinica. Vernonia lasiopus and Uvariodendronanisatum were the least active extracts. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of terpeniods, tanninsand reducing sugars in all the plants except one. Saponins were found to be present in A. anthelmintica, E.leptostachya Raponae rhododendroides, and Warbugia ugandesis. Steroids were present in seven plants whilealkaloids were present in five plants. Condensed tannins, terpenoids and saponins have been reported to haveantimicrobial as well as antihelmintic properties, and their presence in most plant extracts investigated in thisevaluation could be attributable to them. Susceptibility against E. coli and C. albicans was significantly comparableto benzathine penicillin and streptomycin. There exist a correlation between antimicrobial activity andphytoconstituents present in the plants evaluated in this study. The type of ailments the plants are claimed to treatby the particular communities can be justified to some extent by the presence of various classes of phytochemicalssuch as terpenoids associated with antimalarial, tannins and saponins as antibacterial and anthelmintics. Inconclusion, the plants evaluated were found to be active against the microorganisms tested. Further investigationfor the active phytoconstituents present in these plants can lead to lead compounds for antimicrobial drugdevelopment.
GENERATING CHAOTIC SECURE SEQUENCES USING TENT MAP AND A RUNNING-KEY APPROACH

This paper completes recent results obtained by extending the running-key cipher procedure from natural language to applications over chaotic systems. We apply the new running-key approach on the chaotic tent map and prove its utility in obtaining practically zero-redundant pseudo-random number generators, alongside with the possibility to consider the initial condition and the tent map control parameter as elements in the secret key – a desideratum in chaos-based cryptography. The results are both theoretically and experimentally supported by combining concepts from information theory and statistical methods in the context of the chaotic system. The statistical evaluation includes NIST test suite for testing the randomness of the proposed binary generator. Based upon the results presented in this paper, the provided generator can be used for designing new cryptosystems where the pseudorandom binary sequences can be a chief support.
Women’s Work and Divorce: A Matter of Anticipation? A Research Note

The most common hypothesis on the positive association between wives’ work and divorce is that the wife’s work increases the risk of divorce. Critics argue that the causal direction is the other way around and that women adjust their working hours in anticipation of divorce. These competing hypotheses are tested by comparing the effects of wives’ work between divorces that differ in the extent to which they were expected. Because women who do not expect to divorce are not able to adjust their working efforts prior to divorce, it is argued that, if anticipatory behaviour plays a role, the effect of wives’ work should be smaller when the divorce was unexpected. The results lend weak support for anticipatory behaviour. The effect of wives’ full-time work is smaller for unexpected divorces. However, the effect of full-time work is also relatively strong when the divorce was fully unexpected. Moreover, the effects of wives’ work and working hours do not differ significantly between divorces varying in the extent to which they were expected. These findings suggest that there is something about wives’ work that increases the divorce risk.
Improving Strength and Quality of Epitendinous Repairs

Background: Epitendinous sutures not only join the 2 severed tendon edges but also supply strength and support to the repair. Multiple techniques have been described, but none of them include another thread of suture. This could potentially increase the strength of the repair without affecting gliding. Methods: Caprine tendons were harvested, transected, and sutured with 6-0 Prolene. Four groups were created: single thread running (SR), single thread locking (SL), double thread running (DR), and double thread locking (DL). An Instron 5542 was used to pull the repaired tendons apart, and the energy at the break was calculated (gf/mm). For gliding resistance, we harvested a human A2 pulley. A pre- and postrepair value was obtained, and a ratio was elaborated. A single-factor analysis of variance and independent sample t tests were performed. Results: The SR group had a mean energy at break of 9339.71 ± 1630.212 gf/mm; the SL group, 9629.96 ± 1476.45 gf/mm; and the DR group, 9600.221 ± 976.087 gf/mm, with no statistical significance. The DL group was significantly higher at 14 740.664 ± 2596.586 gf/mm (P < .05). When comparing SR with DL for gliding, SR had less than half of the resistance than DL (0.018 ± 0.004 and 0.049 ± 0.015 N/mm, respectively), with statistical significance (P < .05). Conclusion: Using a single suture thread for running epitendinous repair is no different than locking with a single thread or using an extra thread in a running fashion. Performing a double suture thread with a locking technique is significantly stronger than the previously mentioned repairs, with the disadvantage of more resistance at the pulley.
Interregional Redistribution, Growth and Convergence

Countries redistribute substantial amounts of wealth between regions through taxation and social security, even in the absence of an explicit regional policy. Economic theory suggests such redistribution might be distorting. This paper indeed finds that more redistribution leads to subsequent lower growth, but also slower interregional convergence. This may explain the observed lack of within-country convergence in the EU, in contrast to faster convergence between countries where such redistributive schemes do not exist. In contrast, investment in infrastructure or human and physical capital is found to foster both growth and convergence.
INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE OF THE BACTERIA BACILLUS THURINGIENSISAGAINSTBACTROCERA OLEAEUNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

The effect of two isolated Bacillus thuringiensisBt ,HD 210 and Bt HD128. were tested against the olive fruit pest Bactrocera oleae . data calculated , show that, the Lc50 recoded , 128 and 137Ug/mlBactrocera oleae treated with different concentrations of Bt ,HD 210 and Bt HD128,respectively. The experiments carried out under field conditions during two successive seasons 2015 and 2016. The results obtained show that during two panting seasons, 2015 and 2016 the infestations of the olive trees withB. oleaewere significantly decreased to 11±4.2 and 30±4.2 individuals after treated with the bacteria Bt ,HD 210 and Bt HD128, respectively as compared to 99±9.9individuals in the control during season 2015 after 120 days of treatments. During season 2016 the infestations significantly decreased to 17±9.9 and33±9.4 individuals after treated with the corresponding pathogens as compared to 99±8.4 individuals in the control. At the harvest time during season 2015, the weight of the olive fruits were significantly increased to 2777± 72.82,and2831 ± 12.51 Kg/ feddan in plots treated with Bt ,HD 210 and Bt HD128 , respectively as compared2110± 12.51Kg/feddan in the control. During season 2016 the olive fruit significantly increased to Kg/ feddan in plots treated with Bt ,HD 210 .
Geochemical and Isotopic Constraints on Petrogenesis of the Beypazarı Granitoid, NW Ankara, Western Central Anatolia, Turkey

The Upper Cretaceous Beypazari granitoid of the western Ankara, Turkey, is composed of two different units, on the basis of petrography and geochemical composition; these are granodiorite and diorite. The granitoid is subalkaline, belonging to the high-K calc-alkaline I-type granite series, which have relatively low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7053-0.7070). All these characteristics, combined with major, trace element geochemical data as well as mineralogical and textural evidence, reveal that the Beypazari granitoid formed in a volcanic arc setting and was derived from a subduction-modified and metasomatized mantle-sourced magma, with its crustal and mantle components contaminated by interaction with the upper crust. The rocks have eNd(75Ma) values ranging from -5.5 to -2.0. These characteristics also indicate that a crustal component played a very important role in their petrogenesis. The moderately evolved granitoid stock cropping out near Beypazari, Ankara, was studied using the oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of whole rock, quartz and silicate minerals. d18O values of the Beypazari granitoid are consistently higher than those of normal I-type granites. This is consistent with field observations, petrographic and whole-rock geochemical data, which indicate that the Beypazari granitoid has significant crustal components. However, the d18O relationships among minerals indicate a very minor influence of hydrothermal processes in sub-solidus conditions. The oxygen isotope systematics of the Beypazari granitoid samples results from the activity of high-d18O fluids (magmatic water), with no major involvement of low-d18O fluids (meteoric water) evident. The analysed four quartz-feldspar pairs have values of Dqtz-fsp between 0.5-2.0, which are consistent with equilibrium under close-system conditions. No stable isotope evidence was found to suggest that extensive interaction of granitoids with hydrothermal fluids occurred and this is consistent with the lack of large-scale base-metal mineralization.