Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Markers of Progression in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease Derived From Assessment of Circular Gait With a Single Body-Fixed-Sensor: A 5 Year Longitudinal Study

Background and Aim: Development of objective, reliable and easy-to-use methods to obtain progression markers of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is required to evaluate interventions and to advance research in PD. This study aimed to provide quantitative markers of progression in idiopathic PD from the assessment of circular gait (walking in circles) with a single body-fixed inertial sensor placed on the lower back. Methods: The assessments were performed every 6 months over a (up to) 5 years period for 22 patients in early-stage PD, 27 patients in middle-stage PD and 25 healthy controls (HC). Longitudinal changes of 24 gait features extracted from accelerometry were compared between PD groups and HCs with generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis, accounting for gait speed, age and levodopa medication state confounders when required. Results: Five gait features indicated progressive worsening in early stages of PD: number of steps, total duration and harmonic ratios calculated from vertical (VT), medio-lateral (ML), and anterior-posterior (AP) accelerations. For middle stages of PD, three gait features were identified as potential progression markers: stride time variability, and stride regularity from VT and AP acceleration. Conclusion: Faster progressive worsening of gait features in early and middle stages of PD relative to healthy controls over 5 years confirmed the potential of accelerometry-based assessments as quantitative progression markers in early and middle stages of the disease. The difference in significant parameters between both PD groups suggests that distinct domains of gait deteriorate in these PD stages. We conclude that instrumented circular walking assessment is a practical and useful tool in the assessment of PD progression that may have relevant potential to be implemented in clinical trials and even clinical routine, particularly in a developing digital era.
Generalized three-step iteration schemes and common fixed points of three asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings

Abstract In this paper, we study strong convergence theorems for a generalized three-step iterative scheme with errors to approximate common fixed points of three asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings in real Banach spaces. Our results generalize and improve upon the corresponding results in [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [9], [13] and [16]. As an application of our results, we give and prove strong convergence theorems in uniformly convex Banach spaces.
CORROSION INHIBITORS

The scientific and technical corrosion literature has descriptions and lists of numerous chemical compounds that exhibit inhibitive properties. Of these, only very few are actually used in practice. This is partly due to the fact that the desirable properties of an inhibitor usually extend beyond those simply related to metal protection. Therefore, the principles and practice of corrosion inhibition have been described in terms of the factors affecting inhibitor performance and selection i.e. principles and the more important practical situation in which inhibitors are used. For the latter a brief account is given of the nature of the system, the reasons for inhibitor application and the types of inhibitors in use. A host of examples of corrosion inhibitors being used in industry and their related dependents on certain factors have been described. Then various theories for the action of inhibitors and methods of studying inhibitors have also been discussed in detail. Considerations of cost, toxicity, availability and environmental friendliness are of considerable importance. The extensive use of inhibitors is obvious, but emphasis is placed on the factors affecting their performance and on the specific circumstances and other requirements relating to a particular application. From the quantum of literature available on the use of corrosion inhibitors it can be very aptly described as an old remedy for new challenges. The importance of inhibitors will never be undermined at any point of time in future. K e y w o r d s : corrosion, inhibitors, aggressive media, metals and alloys.
One-dimensional Numerical Study on Ignition of the Helium Envelope in Dynamical Accretion during the Double-degenerate Merger

In order for a double-detonation model to be viable for normal type Ia supernovae, the adverse impact of helium-burning ash on early time observables has to be avoided, which requires that the helium envelope mass should be at most 0.02 M ⊙. Most of the previous studies introduced detonation by artificial hot spots, and therefore the robustness of the spontaneous helium detonation remains uncertain. In the present work, we conduct a self-consistent hydrodynamic study on the spontaneous ignition of the helium envelope in the context of the double-degenerate channel, by applying an idealized one-dimensional model and a simplified seven-isotope reaction network. We explore a wide range of the progenitor conditions and demonstrate that the chance of direct initiation of detonation is limited. Especially, the spontaneous detonation requires the primary envelope mass of ≳0.03 M ⊙. Ignition as deflagration is instead far more likely, which is feasible for the lower envelope mass down to ∼0.01 M ⊙, which might lead to subsequent detonation once the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) is realized. High-resolution multidimensional simulations are required to further investigate the DDT possibility, as well as accurately derive the threshold between the spontaneous detonation and deflagration ignition regimes. Another interesting finding is the effect of the composition: while mixing with the core material enhances detonation as previously suggested, it rather narrows the chance for deflagration due to the slower rate of the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction at the lower temperature ∼108K, with the caveat that we presently neglect the proton-catalyzed reaction sequence of 12C(p,γ)13O(α,p)16O.
A Targeted Sampling Strategy for Compressive Cryo Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cryo Focused Ion-Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (cryo FIB-SEM) enables three-dimensional and nanoscale imaging of biological specimens via a slice and view mechanism. The FIB-SEM experiments are, however, limited by a slow (typically, several hours) acquisition process and the high electron doses imposed on the beam sensitive specimen can cause damage. In this work, we present a compressive sensing variant of cryo FIB-SEM capable of reducing the operational electron dose and increasing speed. We propose two Targeted Sampling (TS) strategies that leverage the reconstructed image of the previous sample layer as a prior for designing the next subsampling mask. Our image recovery is based on a blind Bayesian dictionary learning approach, i.e., Beta Process Factor Analysis (BPFA). This method is experimentally viable due to our GPU-based implementation of BPFA. Simulations on artificial compressive FIB-SEM measurements validate the success of proposed methods: the operational electron dose can be reduced by up to 20 times. These methods have large implications for the cryo FIB-SEM community, in which the imaging of beam sensitive biological materials without beam damage is crucial.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Estradiol Suppression and Growth in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty: Is more suppression better? Are Pre-injection LH Levels Useful in Monitoring Treatment?

CONTEXT Girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) are treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues to suppress puberty. Gonadotropin levels are used to monitor treatment, since estradiol is difficult to measure at low levels. The optimal degree of hormonal suppression is still unknown. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that in girls treated for CPP, estradiol levels (by ultrasensitive bioassay) would correlate with the rate of skeletal maturation and linear growth velocity. We asked whether predicted height would improve with greater luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol suppression. We also compared pre- and post-injection LH levels for monitoring treatment. DESIGN Thirty girls with CPP were followed for up to 2 years during treatment with leuprolide acetate depot at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg/28 days. We measured LH and estradiol levels, bone age, and growth velocity every 6 months. RESULTS Estradiol levels were suppressed to below the detection limit in three-quarters of the girls and did not correlate with the rate of skeletal maturation or linear growth. Improvement in predicted height correlated significantly with lower pre-injection LH levels. These girls have some of the lowest estradiol and LH levels, best improvement in predicted height, and least amount of bone age advancement published to date. Pre- and post-leuprolide injection LH levels were positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Greater LH suppression may improve height outcome in girls treated for CPP with GnRH analogues. The degree of LH suppression achieved is individualized and not necessarily related to absolute dose. Pre-injection LH levels may be useful for monitoring treatment. Ultrasensitive estradiol levels were very low and usually unmeasurable, affirming the increased suppression at the higher doses of GnRH analogue used in these girls. Further investigation is needed, with longer treatment duration, a range of doses, and ultimately final height. Until such studies are completed, clinicians should be cautious when interpreting pubertal suppression.
Generalized Λ δ -Sets and Related Topics

Abstract In this paper we define the concepts of g-Λ δ -continuous maps, g-Λ δ -irresolute maps and g-V δ -closed maps by using generalized Λ δ -sets and generalized Vδ -sets. Also we introduce a new class of topological spaces called TVδ -spaces.
The Strominger system in the square of a K\"ahler class

We study the Strominger system with ﬁxed balanced class. We show that classes which are the square of a K¨ahler metric admit solutions to the system for vector bundles satisfying the necessary conditions. Solutions are constructed by deforming a Calabi-Yau metric and a Hermitian-Yang-Mills metric along a path inside the given cohomology class.
Commitment and CounterproductiveWork Behavior as Correlates of Ethical Climate in Organizations

A pilot study with a German translation of Cullen, Victor & Bronson’s (1993) Ethical Climate Questionnaire (ECQ) was used to examine how certain ethical climates in organizations seem to facilitate the prevention of counterproductive work behavior (CWB). 189 employees aged 18–62 years completed a questionnaire containing the ECQ and also assessing CWB, organizational commitment, organizational conditions and provisions, organizational framing conditions, and demographic data. Results confirmed known relations between ethical norms in organizations and employee attitudes and behavior. There was a positive relation between supportive climate factors, rule orientation, and affective commitment. In contrast, there was a negative relation between supportive climate factors, rule orientation, and CWB. CWB did correspond with more perceived injustice in organizations, but not with a lack of career opportunities, and material compensations. It is concluded that the ECQ is a valid instrument for assessing ethical climate and can also be used in cross-cultural comparisons.
Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction study of the structure and dehydration behavior of palygorskite

Rietveld refinements using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data were used to study the crystal structure and dehydration behavior of pure monoclinic palygorskite samples from Korea and Alaska. The 300 and 100 K palygorskite structures in air compare well with previous models but provide additional details about zeolitic H2O sites and reveal that the Al atoms are ordered into the inner M2 octahedral sites and the Mg cations into the M3 sites at the edges of the tunnels. Real-time, temperature-resolved synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data and Rietveld refinements were used to investigate the monoclinic palygorskite structure from 300 to 1400 K (in air). Rietveld refinements showed that most of the zeolitic H2O is lost by ~425 K, accompanied by a decrease in the unit-cell volume of 1.3%, primarily owing to a decrease in the a unit-cell parameter and an increase in the β angle. The structurally bound H2O is lost in two stages, at temperature intervals of 475–540 and 580–725 K. Above ~825 K in air a portion of the Korean sample transformed to a folded structure; the Alaskan sample folded at ~575 K under vacuum. A structure model was refined for the folded structure. At ~1015 K for the sample heated in air, β-quartz diffraction peaks appeared and increased in intensity as heating continued to the maximum temperature. Cristobalite formed above ~1050 K, along with a small amount of clinoenstatite, and both phases persisted to the maximum temperature studied.
Quantum weight enumerators and tensor networks

We examine the use of weight enumerators for analyzing tensor network constructions, and specifically the quantum lego framework recently introduced. We extend the notion of quantum weight enumerators to so-called tensor enumerators, and prove that the trace operation on tensor networks is compatible with a trace operation on tensor enumerators. This allows us to compute quantum weight enumerators of larger codes such as the ones constructed through tensor network methods more efficiently. We also provide a general framework for quantum MacWilliams identities that includes tensor enumerators as a special case.
National Trends of Meniscectomy and Meniscus Repair in Korea

Background Meniscus surgeries are frequently performed in orthopaedics. However, their current status is not well known in many countries, including Korea. This study aimed to investigate the national trends of meniscus surgery in Korea. Methods Information from the national database was acquired through the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2010 to 2017. All cases coded as meniscectomy or meniscus repair were included. The total number and incidence of cases of meniscus surgery per 100,000 persons were determined, and the results were stratified by age and gender. The meniscus repair ratio for the total number of meniscus surgeries was evaluated. Results The total number and incidence of meniscectomy cases were 65,752 and 137, respectively, in 2010, which increased to 74,088 and 154, respectively, in 2017. The number of meniscectomies increased by 12.67% in 8 years. The total number and incidence of meniscus repair cases were 9,055 and 18, respectively, in 2010, which increased to 14,947 and 31 in 2017. The number of meniscus repairs increased by 65.04%. The meniscus repair ratio was 12.1% in 2010, which increased to 16.8% in 2017. The highest peak was noted for patients who underwent meniscus surgeries in their 50s and 60s. Meniscectomy was performed more frequently in women (57%) than in men (43%), whereas repair was performed more frequently in men (54%) than in women (46%) over the study period. Conclusion The total number and incidence of meniscus surgeries increased from 2010 to 2017; the number and incidence of meniscus repair procedures increased more rapidly than those of meniscectomy, with the peak treatment age for both surgeries being in the 50s and 60s. The current study will contribute to understanding the epidemiology of meniscus surgery, its prevention, and cost-saving measures in Korea.
Fail-Fast in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Development

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Large-scale cooperation driven by reputation, not fear of divine punishment

Reputational considerations favour cooperation and thus we expect less cooperation in larger communities where people are less well known to each other. Some argue that institutions are, therefore, necessary to coordinate large-scale cooperation, including moralizing religions that promote cooperation through the fear of divine punishment. Here, we use community size as a proxy for reputational concerns, and test whether people in small, stable communities are more cooperative than people in large, less stable communities in both religious and non-religious contexts. We conducted a donation game on a large naturalistic sample of 501 people in 17 communities, with varying religions or none, ranging from small villages to large cities in northwestern China. We found that more money was donated by those in small, stable communities, where reputation should be more salient. Religious practice was also associated with higher donations, but fear of divine punishment was not. In a second game on the same sample, decisions were private, giving donors the opportunity to cheat. We found that donors to religious institutions were not less likely to cheat, and community size was not important in this game. Results from the donation game suggest donations to both religious and non-religious institutions are being motivated by reputational considerations, and results from both games suggest fear of divine punishment is not important. This chimes with other studies suggesting social benefits rather than fear of punishment may be the more salient motive for cooperative behaviour in real-world settings.
Cyberbullying, Mental Health, and Violence in Adolescents and Associations With Sex and Race: Data From the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Background. Cyberbullying is a serious issue among adolescents, but little is known about how demographics are associated with mental health conditions and violent behaviors. The present study examined the association of cyberbullying victimization with mental health conditions and violent behaviors among adolescents, specifically examining potential differences by sex and race. Methods. National data obtained from a representative sample of 9th to 12th grade students (N = 15 465) in the United States were examined using bivariate and logistic regression analysis. Results. More than 15% of students reported cyberbullying victimization. Females were twice as likely to report victimization than males, and non-white students were 50% less likely to report cyberbullying victimization. Cyberbullying victimization was significantly more likely in students who reported depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicide planning, carrying a weapon, and engaging in a physical fight. These associations were more pronounced in males. Conclusions. Our findings show that female and white adolescents are at increased risk of being cyberbullied. However, negative mental health outcomes and violent behaviors are more pronounced in males, indicating potential negative effects of being a cyberbullying victim based on sex. We envisage the best way to combat cyberbullying is to develop programs that are sensitive to potential demographic differences to empower students based on individual risks.
Maternal wellbeing and pregnancy outcomes in anaesthetic trainees

The importance of supporting and maintaining doctors’ health and wellbeing cannot be overstated. Combined with the undisputed status of work in medicine as both strenuous and stressful, pregnancy is a unique time during which the mother and unborn baby may be at risk of adverse outcomes. A narrative literature review is presented with a focus on studies of relevance to pregnancy in anaesthesia trainees, however much of the evidence is drawn from studies involving anaesthetic consultants, trainees in other specialties and pregnant workers in general. After a brief exploration into historical concepts in occupational hazards and adverse pregnancy outcomes, further discussion ensues on more recent evidence in relation to specialist training (or ‘residency’), the impact of work stressors and maternal psychological state on pregnancy outcomes and attitudes towards pregnancy during specialist training. Finally, occupational guidelines are considered along with the rationale for ‘pregnancy-friendly’ workplaces and suggestions for future research in this area for both the profession and employers.