Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a peer support program for women with breast cancer—lessons for practitioners

The present study aimed to describe how a volunteer peer support service assists women with breast cancer, and provides guidelines for practitioners in the development and implementation of such programmes. A two-phase evaluation of a breast cancer peer support program was undertaken to describe important attributes of the peer support intervention, the impact of the volunteer visit on women's self-reports of anxiety, and key indicators of a successful volunteer visit. Phase 1 included focus groups with 57 women previously treated for breast cancer. Phase 2 included a survey of 245 women also treated previously for breast cancer and visited by a Breast Cancer Support Volunteer. The key aspect of the peer support process was the bond of common experience leading to a decrease in social isolation, an increase in optimism about the future and reassurance about personal reactions and femininity. It is recommended that peer support programmes should aim to time support visits to coincide with the time when patient support needs are highest, that volunteers need to be recruited from a range of backgrounds and matched to patients most similar to them in way of life, and that peer support services should be embedded in a broad network of community support services. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caring for Dying Patient and Their Families

Background: The literature from recent decades persistently suggests that nurses are not adequately trained in caring for the dying. Numerous studies call for enhanced education in end-of-life care. Objective: To explore student nurses’ experience of caring for dying persons and their families and how this experience was influenced by their undergraduate education, with a view to improving end-of-life training. Methods: Narrative interviews were administered to a purposive sample of 18 undergraduate students at Turin University’s School of Nursing and analyzed following Giorgi’s qualitative phenomenological methodology. Results: The students’ accounts featured 4 main themes: emotions and feelings, reactions and coping strategies, growth in personal and professional awareness, and the professional nursing model. Students reporting positive experience of end-of-life care in clinical settings displayed the expected learning outcomes for undergraduate nursing education. Conclusion: This study’s strength lies in the fact that it draws on student nurses’ lived experience to assess training in end-of-life care. It confirms the need to invest in targeted end-of-life education and support for nursing students.
Closing the gaps: Steps towards elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Background. With significant reductions in the rate of HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in South Africa, each case of failed prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) should be investigated. Objective . To establish the cause(s) of MTCT at Khayelitsha’s Community Health Centre (CHC) in order to identify obstacles to MTCT elimination. Methods. Routinely collected data were reviewed for all HIV-infected infants identified at Khayelitsha Site B CHC from January 2012 to April 2013. Results. A total of 926/1 158 (80%) of exposed infants had polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, with 15/926 (1.6%) PCR-positive. Median (interquartile range (IQR)) values for the maternal indicators were as follows: maternal age, 27 (23 - 31) years; parity, 2 (1 - 3); gestational age at antenatal presentation, 21.5 (17.5 - 30.5) weeks; CD4 + , 377(219 - 446) cells/µl. Of the 15 PCR-positive infants, five received ART, five received AZT and five received no prophylaxis. Viral loads were not monitored for any of the women receiving antenatal ART. Nine of the 15 (60%) delivered in hospital, with 6/9 requiring caesarean section. The median (IQR) infant birth weight was 3.0 (2.6 - 3.5) kg. All received prophylactic nevirapine post exposure. Two of the 15 were clinically unwell at birth, and 14 (86.7%) were breastfed, with 10 (66.7%) recorded as exclusively breastfed. Median (IQR) time between delivery and PCR results was 6.6 (6.1 - 7.3) weeks. Discussion. PMTCT programmes must consider each PCR-positive infant as a sentinel event that can provide valuable insight into correcting ongoing clinical and programmatic reasons for HIV transmission. The main risk factors for MTCT identified in this study were late presentation for antenatal care, inadequate antenatal PMTCT prophylaxis and a lack of viral load monitoring.
Epigenetic Regulation by Long Noncoding RNAs

Long Noncoding RNAs The past 5 years have uncovered thousands of long (>100 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) outpacing our understanding of their functions and mechanisms in regulating the genome. Lee (p. 1435) reviews the known and suspected means by which these intriguing molecules control gene expression locally and at great distances, considers potential universal roles for lncRNAs, and warns that classifying these intriguing molecules may be quite challenging given their diversity. The very long noncoding RNA, Airn, silences the Igf2r (insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor) imprinted gene cluster in mammals. Latos et al. (p. 1469) show in mouse cells that, rather than recruiting enzymes that modify histones to repress the locus, it is the act of transcription of Airn (and not the Airn gene product) that results in the silencing. Recent studies show that transcription of the mammalian genome is not only pervasive but also enormously complex. It is estimated that an average of 10 transcription units, the vast majority of which make long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), may overlap each traditional coding gene. These lncRNAs include not only antisense, intronic, and intergenic transcripts but also pseudogenes and retrotransposons. Do they universally have function, or are they merely transcriptional by-products of conventional coding genes? A glimpse into the molecular biology of multiple emerging lncRNA systems reveals the “Wild West” landscape of their functions and mechanisms and the key problems to solve in the years ahead toward understanding these intriguing macromolecules.
Evaluating extrovert and introvert behaviour of a domestic robot — a video study

Human-robot interaction (HRI) research is here presented into social robots that have to be able to interact with inexperienced users. In the design of these robots many research findings of human-human interaction and human-computer interaction are adopted but the direct applicability of these theories is limited because a robot is different from both humans and computers. Therefore, new methods have to be developed in HRI in order to build robots that are suitable for inexperienced users. In this paper we present a video study we conducted employing our robot BIRON (Bielefeld robot companion) which is designed for use in domestic environments. Subjects watched the system during the interaction with a human and rated two different robot behaviours (extrovert and introvert). The behaviours differed regarding verbal output and person following of the robot. Aiming to improve human-robot interaction, participantspsila ratings of the behaviours were evaluated and compared.
Potent Social Learning and Conformity Shape a Wild Primate’s Foraging Decisions

Animal Culture Cultural transmission of information occurs when individuals learn from others with more experience or when individuals come to accept particular modes of behavior as the local norm. Such information transfer can be expected in highly social or long-lived species where contact and time for learning are maximized and are seen in humans (see the Perspective by de Waal). Using a network-based diffusion analysis on a long-term data set that includes tens of thousands of observations of individual humpback whales, Allen et al. (p. 485) show that an innovative feeding behavior has spread through social transmission since it first emerged in a single individual in 1980. The “lobtail” feeding has passed among associating individuals for more than three decades. Van de Waal et al. (p. 483), on the other hand, used a controlled experimental approach in vervet monkeys to show that individuals learn what to eat from more experienced individuals within their social group. Not only did young animals learn from observing older animals, but immigrating males switched their food preference to that of their new group. A natural experiment reveals that wild vervet migrants adopt local norms when it comes to choosing foods. [Also see Perspective by de Waal] Conformity to local behavioral norms reflects the pervading role of culture in human life. Laboratory experiments have begun to suggest a role for conformity in animal social learning, but evidence from the wild remains circumstantial. Here, we show experimentally that wild vervet monkeys will abandon personal foraging preferences in favor of group norms new to them. Groups first learned to avoid the bitter-tasting alternative of two foods. Presentations of these options untreated months later revealed that all new infants naïve to the foods adopted maternal preferences. Males who migrated between groups where the alternative food was eaten switched to the new local norm. Such powerful effects of social learning represent a more potent force than hitherto recognized in shaping group differences among wild animals.
Teaching a humanoid: A user study on learning by demonstration with HOAP-3

This article reports on the results of a user study investigating the satisfaction of nave users conducting two learning by demonstration tasks with the HOAP-3 robot. The main goal of this study was to gain insights on how to ensure a successful as well as satisfactory experience for nave users. The participants performed two tasks: They taught the robot to (1) push a box, and to (2) close a box. The user study was accompanied by three pre-structured questionnaires, addressing the users' satisfaction with HOAP-3, the users' affect toward the robot caused by the interaction, and the users' attitude towards robots. Furthermore, a retrospective think aloud was conducted to gain a better understanding of what influences the users' satisfaction in learning by demonstration tasks. A high task completion and final satisfaction rate could be observed. These results stress that learning by demonstration is a promising approach for nave users to learn the interaction with a robot Moreover, the short term interaction with HOAP-3 led to a positive affect, higher than the normative average on half of the female users.
Simple Scaling of Catastrophic Landslide Dynamics

Bringing Down Landslides Measuring landslide mechanics remotely, like seismic networks are used to quantify and locate earthquakes, would provide valuable information to understand these often catastrophic and costly natural hazards. Ekström and Stark (p. 1416; see the Perspective by Petley) analyzed global seismic network data using a method that identifies long-period events not recorded by traditional monitoring networks. The global seismic network was able to record landslide events and quantify dynamic properties—including duration, total mass, and direction of debris flow. The analysis located and quantified a series of seven previously undocumented massive landslides associated with the Siachen Glacier in the Himalayas. Inverse modeling of seismic data reveals forces associated with catastrophic landslides. [Also see Perspective by Petley] Catastrophic landslides involve the acceleration and deceleration of millions of tons of rock and debris in response to the forces of gravity and dissipation. Their unpredictability and frequent location in remote areas have made observations of their dynamics rare. Through real-time detection and inverse modeling of teleseismic data, we show that landslide dynamics are primarily determined by the length scale of the source mass. When combined with geometric constraints from satellite imagery, the seismically determined landslide force histories yield estimates of landslide duration, momenta, potential energy loss, mass, and runout trajectory. Measurements of these dynamical properties for 29 teleseismogenic landslides are consistent with a simple acceleration model in which height drop and rupture depth scale with the length of the failing slope.
Using Two-Eyed Seeing to Explore Interagency Collaboration

Background Health-care environments influence service delivery; approaches need to be more wholistic and culturally competent requiring effective interagency collaboration to bridge traditional Indigenous and mainstream health services. Despite considerable research on collaboration, the concept remains misunderstood, at worst, and formative, at best. Within the nexus of these two diverse health services, there is limited information on how collaborations could be created and sustained effectively. Purpose To explore the perspectives/experiences of collaboration of select Saskatchewan health professionals practicing across these diverse services to understand the concept from their perspectives. Methods This qualitative study explored collaboration through observation and interviews to elicit perspectives (two-eyed seeing) of health professionals working within the context of a traditional–mainstream health services partnership. Results Individual- and system-level factors and accountabilities are needed for successful cross-cultural collaboration and can be enabled by embedding the virtues of Indigenous and values of mainstream health services along with building and maintaining relationships, valuing difference, creating supportive environments and wholistic approaches, having the right people at the table, and making a change for impactful outcomes. Conclusion Findings support the need for implementing contextually relevant collaborative practice models for productive, wholistic health services. Two-eyed seeing provides the ability to capture and catalyze the tremendous value and strengths of both worlds, potentiating complementary aspects to meet the needs of clients and communities.
Capacity, power allocation and partners selection for SIMO relay channels

In this paper, we investigate the cooperative channels with one source-destination pair and multiple partners (relays), where only the destination is equipped with multiple antennas. The achievable capacity with the optimal power allocation and partner selection is analyzed with the total transmit power constraints under the different cooperation modes, including amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF). With the partial channel state information (CSI) at the destination, we develop three algorithms to choose the possible best partner(s) for AF, repetition-coded DF and Gaussian-coded DF, which are called Selective AF (SAF), Selective repetition-coded DF (SRDF), and Selective Gaussian-coded DF (SGDF), respectively. In these algorithms, only one partner will be employed as relay for SAF and SRDF to maximize the capacity while multiple partners are selected for SGDF. An efficient quasi-distributed protocol to support SAF, SRDF, and SGDF is also involved. We study the impact of the number of receive antennas and SNR on SAF, SRDF, and SGDF. Numerical results show that SAF and SRDF have higher spectral efficiency than direct transmission (DT), especially in low SNR regime and for the small number of receive antennas and large number of users cases, while SGDF outperforms DT evidently in every scenario. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epileptic Spasms: A Variety of Etiologies and Associated Syndromes

Epileptic spasms have been described as a paroxysmal epileptic seizure type that consists of a series of motor movements, involving sudden flexion or extension predominantly of axial and/or proximal limb muscles, occurring with a noticeable periodicity, outside the age of infantile spasms, but have otherwise not been well characterized or described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with epileptic spasms to describe the etiology and best treatment regimen for this seizure type. Twenty-eight children fit the selection criteria for this study, and their charts and electroencephalography (EEG) results were reviewed. Data regarding onset of seizures, characteristics of seizures, duration of seizures, activity at onset, treatments tried and/or failed, genetic or metabolic workup, and results of any imaging studies were collected. The results indicate that the genetic and metabolic workups that were done were most often negative or unrevealing. In addition, treatment regimens varied greatly from patient to patient, and it is evident that these seizures are refractory to many standard anticonvulsants, as well as the ketogenic diet. The results of imaging from this series point to a variety of structural abnormalities that could possibly explain a structural versus metabolic etiology for epileptic spasms. In conclusion, epileptic spasms remain an elusive seizure type to classify, diagnose, and treat. The results of the current series show a relationship between structural abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resultant epileptic spasms, which has further implications regarding surgical treatment of these seizures as opposed to the traditional treatment with anticonvulsants, to which epileptic spasms remain refractory.
A study of human performance in recognizing expressive hand movements

This paper presents a study on human performance in recognizing affective expressions conveyed through movements of hand-like structures. One movement sequence, closing and opening the hand, was performed by a demonstrator in 3 sets of 5 repeated trials, each set intending to convey a different affective expression. Three different expressions, sadness, happiness and anger, were considered. Expressive movement animations were replicated with a human-like hand model, a stick hand model and with a model resembling a palm frond structure. The structures tested have identical kinematics but different physical appearance. The ability of a human to correctly identify the intended expressive movements performed on these different structures was tested with 66 users viewing videos of the animated structures and reporting via an online questionnaire. Results show that anger is reliably perceived by observers from animated movements on different structures, while the other emotions are easily misperceived. The physical appearance of the structure has some impact on perception performance, but was not found to be statistically significant in this study. Furthermore, analyzing the participants' responses in the context of the valence-arousal model of emotion shows that the subjects were able to recognize the arousal component of the affective hand movements across all structures.
A Long-Lived Relativistic Electron Storage Ring Embedded in Earth’s Outer Van Allen Belt

Van Allen Variation The two rings of relativistic particles called Van Allen Belts that encircle Earth were discovered during the space age, and are known to pose risks to satellites in geostationary orbit. NASA launched twin spacecraft, the Van Allen Probes, on 30 August 2012 to measure and characterize Earth's radiation belt regions. Baker et al. (p. 186, published online 28 February) have shown that a third, unexpected and temporary, radiation belt formed on 2 September 2012 to disappear 4 weeks later in response to changes in the solar wind. NASA’s Van Allen Probes revealed an additional, dynamic belt of relativistic particles surrounding Earth. Since their discovery more than 50 years ago, Earth’s Van Allen radiation belts have been considered to consist of two distinct zones of trapped, highly energetic charged particles. The outer zone is composed predominantly of megaelectron volt (MeV) electrons that wax and wane in intensity on time scales ranging from hours to days, depending primarily on external forcing by the solar wind. The spatially separated inner zone is composed of commingled high-energy electrons and very energetic positive ions (mostly protons), the latter being stable in intensity levels over years to decades. In situ energy-specific and temporally resolved spacecraft observations reveal an isolated third ring, or torus, of high-energy (>2 MeV) electrons that formed on 2 September 2012 and persisted largely unchanged in the geocentric radial range of 3.0 to ~3.5 Earth radii for more than 4 weeks before being disrupted (and virtually annihilated) by a powerful interplanetary shock wave passage.
Meniscal-bearing ankle arthroplasty is stable. In vivo analysis using stabilometry

Summary A consecutive series of eight cases, five men and three women, of mean age 56 years (42–79) with unilateral meniscal-bearing total ankle arthroplasty was analysed with stabilometry in the standing phase in order to compare the in vivo stability of the artificial joint to that of the opposite normal ankle joint. The tests were performed as a one-legged balance test on a fully computerized static force plate, with or without shoes, and with open and closed eyes. The force plate registered the area used to keep balance, the length and direction of the corrective movements and their velocity. A system (maximum 100 points) with a pain score, normal daily-life ankle function score and ankle mobility score was used for clinical evaluation (excellent: 85–100 points, good 75–84, fair 70–74, and
Multiple Congenital Anomalies/Mental Retardation Syndrome With Multiple Circumferential Skin Creases: A New Syndrome?

We describe a combination of multiple congenital anomalies, a severe psychomotor retardation and seizures in a 9-year-old Tunisian boy with circumferential ringed skin creases. He had symmetrical circumferential skin creases on arms, legs, and penis. Craniofacial anomalies included: an elongated face, tight forehead, hypertelorism, bilateral epicanthic folds, upslanting palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, convergent strabismus, wide nasal bridge, aberrant teeth, dental caries, and low-set posteriorly rotated ears with overfolded thick helices. He had also ureterocele, hypospadias, and others anomalies. The magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed hypoplastic vermis, hypoplastic corpus callosum, and dilatation of ventricles. Chromosomal analysis revealed a normal male karyotype with 46,XY. Skin biopsy was normal. To the best of our knowledge, this combination of anomalies has not been reported and this case may be a unique syndrome.
Signatures of Cool Gas Fueling a Star-Forming Galaxy at Redshift 2.3

Cool Accretion Numerical models predict that in order to keep forming stars, galaxies should be continuously replenished with gas from the intergalactic medium. Using data from the Very Large Telescope in Chile, Bouché et al. (p. 50) report observations that are consistent with accretion of cold, chemically pristine gas onto a star-forming galaxy at a time when the cosmic star-formation activity was at its peak. Observations of gas near a star-forming galaxy reveal kinematic signatures expected from gas inflowing onto the galaxy. Galaxies are thought to be fed by the continuous accretion of intergalactic gas, but direct observational evidence has been elusive. The accreted gas is expected to orbit about the galaxy’s halo, delivering not just fuel for star formation but also angular momentum to the galaxy, leading to distinct kinematic signatures. We report observations showing these distinct signatures near a typical distant star-forming galaxy, where the gas is detected using a background quasar passing 26 kiloparsecs from the host. Our observations indicate that gas accretion plays a major role in galaxy growth because the estimated accretion rate is comparable to the star-formation rate.
Physiology of Sport and Exercise

Chapter 1. Structure and Function of Exercising Muscle Chapter 2. Fuel for Exercise: Bioenergetics and Muscle Metabolism Substrates Chapter 3. Neural Control of Exercising Muscle Chapter 4. Hormonal Control During Exercise Chapter 5. Energy Expenditure and Fatigue Chapter 6. The Cardiovascular System and Its Control Chapter 7. The Respiratory System and Its Regulation Chapter 8. Cardiorespiratory Responses to Acute Exercise Chapter 9. Principles of Exercise Training.