Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of swirl ratio and fuel injection parameters on CO emission and fuel conversion efficiency for high-dilution, low-temperature combustion in an automotive diesel engine.

Support for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies. The research was performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation,a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The BK21 and Future Vehicle Technology Development Corps. of Korea supported Sanghoon Kook's visiting research. The authors express their appreciation to Mark Musculus and Lyle Pickett for providing the high speed camera and the Matlab source code to calculate the adiabatic flame temperature.
The study of mentoring and leader-member exchange (LMX) on organisational commitment among auditors in Malaysia

This study examines the relationship and the interaction of mentoring (psychosocial and career) with the four dimensions of LMX (affect, contribution, professional respect, and loyalty) on organisational commitment. Three hypotheses were tested in a study of auditors across Malaysia and who are registered with the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA). Responses from individual auditors were analysed and participation was voluntary. The findings on direct effects reveal that predictor variables have a positive relationship with affective-normative commitment and only partially supported continuance commitment. The results find that the psychosocial aspects of Mentoring, Reciprocity and Contribution of LMX were positively related to the affective-normative commitment. Continuance commitment was significantly predicted by the contribution of LMX. The results partially supported the interaction effects of the affective-normative and continuance commitment. One implication is that Human Resource Departments should consider mentoring and LMX when encouraging employees to manifest high levels of organisational commitment.
Prevalence of Food-Borne Toxoplasma gondii in Free-Ranging Chickens Sold in Tunis, Tunisia

Background: Toxoplasma gondii, as an important food-borne protozoan parasite, occurs widely in humans and animals including domestic poultry throughout the world. The goal of this survey was to determine prevalence rate of T. gondii in free-ranging chickens sold in Tunis, Tunisia. Methods: In the present study, the prevalence of T. gondii in 40 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) marketed in Tunis, Tunisia was assessed. Blood and brain samples from each chicken were examined for T. gondii infection using the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) followed by mouse bioassay and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Antibodies against T. gondii were found in all 40 samples (100%) with the titer of 10 in 14 chickens, 20 in 9 chickens, 40 in 3 chickens, 80 in 5 chickens, 160 in 6 chickens, 320 in 2 chickens and ≥640 in one chicken. By the end of the bioassay, we detected Toxoplasma DNA in 15 mouse tissues (37.5%). T. gondii was detected from chicken tissues with different antibody titers. Conclusion: Results of this study indicated very high environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts around Tunis city. The high seroprevalence refers to the public health importance of chickens as source of zoonotic toxoplasmosis to human which suggests that consumption of poultry meat in Tunis city may pose a potential threat to pregnant women health and should be given attention.
Comparison of CART and Discriminant Analysis of Morphometric Data in Foraminiferal Taxonomy

Paleontologists use statistical methods for prediction and classification of taxa. Over the years, the statistical analyses of morphometric data are carried out under the assumption of multivariate normality. In an earlier study, three closely resembling species of a biostratigraphically important genus Nummulites were discriminated by multi-group discrimination. Two discriminant functions that used diameter and thickness of the tests and height and length of chambers in the final whorl accounted for nearly 100% discrimination. In this paper Classification and Regression Tree (CART), a non-parametric method, is used for classification and prediction of the same data set. In all 111 iterations of CART methodology are performed by splitting the data set of 55 observations into training, validation and test data sets in varying proportions. In the validation data sets 40% of the iterations are correctly classified and only one case of misclassification in 49% of the iterations is noted. As regards test data sets, nearly 70% contain no misclassification cases whereas in about 25% test data sets only one case of misclassification is found. The results suggest that the method is highly successful in assigning an individual to a particular species. The key variables on the basis of which tree models are built are combinations of thickness of the test (T), height of the chambers in the final whorl (HL) and diameter of the test (D). Both discriminant analysis and CART thus appear to be comparable in discriminating the three species. However, CART reduces the number of requisite variables without increasing the misclassification error. The method is very useful for professional geologists for quick identification of species.
Understanding Out-of-Work and Out-of-School Youth in Europe and Central Asia

The objectives of this study are to describe and analyze the out-of-work and out-of-school youth (ages 15-24) in the Europe and Central Asia2 (ECA) region. People who are out-of-work and out-of-school are referred to as NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training). This study attempts to characterize the NEETs by age, gender, education and their activity status. The main findings of this study are listed are as follows: first, the authors find that in the post-2009 period the youth NEET rate for the ECA region was 19.60 percent, which is higher than the OECD youth NEET rate of 16 in 2011 (OECD 2013). Second, this study finds that the NEET rate prior to the financial crisis in 2009 was on the decline, and increased in the post-2009 period. Third, this study finds that the NEET rate for ECA is higher for women than for men for all years. However, since the financial crisis in 2009, the gender gap has declined from 4.64 in pre-2009 to 2.75 percentage points in post-2009, suggesting that young men were more adversely affected by the recession than women. Forth, this study finds that in the ECA region youth males are more often classified as NEETs but active in the labor market, and youth females are more often classified as NEETs but inactive in the labor market. Fifth, using a linear probability model, this study finds that individuals, who are 20-24 years of age, have a lower level of educational attainment and married females are more likely to be NEET. Also, individuals living in urban areas and with lower household sizes are less likely to be NEET. Sixth, another linear probability model was constructed using household budget surveys for six countries in ECA from 2009. The main finding from this model was that NEET youths tend to live in households with lower per capita consumption than their non-NEET counterparts. Seventh, there is an increase in the NEET (unemployed) rate after the crisis, while the NEET (inactive) rate stayed roughly constant.
The influence of accounting changes on financial analysts' forecast accuracy and forecasting superiority: Evidence from the Netherlands

Abstract This study assesses the influence of discretionary accounting changes on financial analysts' individual forecast errors in the Netherlands from 1988 to 1999. It contributes to previous research by examining whether accounting changes (1) influence analysts' earnings forecast accuracy; and (2) change analysts' forecasting superiority relative to a mechanical earnings prediction model because of the change in the time series and composition of earnings. The empirical results indicate that changes in accounting procedures can significantly affect analysts' forecast accuracy and forecasting advantage, conditional on the change-year effect, prior disclosure and the type of change. Specifically, this study finds that in the year that firms adopt accounting changes with a material effect on earnings before extraordinary items, analysts' forecast accuracy significantly worsens if the changes have not been previously disclosed. Further, in the earliest years after the adoption of changes from current cost accounting to historical cost accounting and changes from expensing to capitalization analysts' forecast accuracy and forecast superiority significantly improves, whereas analysts' forecast accuracy and superiority significantly worsens after the adoption of other changes.
The Effects of Web Site Sequence: Moderating Role of Personalit yDifference

This study examines the effects of website structures in terms of advertising effectiveness – memory, attitude, cognitive thoughts. The primary research question for this study is what type of website (web ad) structure is more effective. In the pilot study, we test the difference between two different website structures – linear vs. interactive – in terms of traditional advertising effectiveness. The results were not supportive to our research expectations. However, there were the differences in terms of memory between two structures. After re-creating the website based on subjects’ comments, in the final experiment, we examine the differences among the different structures and the moderating role of personality difference on the effects of website structure. The results confirm that there were significant differences by the website structures on subjects’ attitude, memory and cognitive responses. However, some research hypotheses were not supported by the current data.
BINARY (PRESENCE-ABSENCE) SIMILARITY COEFFICIENTS

Various numerical coefficients have been employed in comparisons of taxa or bioassociational units, especially in studies involving large arrays of multivariate data. Nomenclatural and conceptual difficulties have arisen from the translation of coefficients from variable-oriented (R-mode) to case-oriented (Q-mode) use. This paper points out the conceptual relationships and some of the properties of coefficients expressing similarity or difference between units defined by binary data.
Behavior of molecules and molecular ions near a field emitter

The cold emission of particles from surfaces under intense electric fields is a process which underpins a variety of applications including atom probe tomography (APT), an analytical microscopy technique with near-atomic spatial resolution. Increasingly relying on fast laser pulsing to trigger the emission, APT experiments often incorporate the detection of molecular ions emitted from the specimen, in particular from covalently or ionically bonded materials. Notably, it has been proposed that neutral molecules can also be emitted during this process. However, this remains a contentious issue. To investigate the validity of this hypothesis, a careful review of the literature is combined with the development of new methods to treat experimental APT data, the modeling of ion trajectories, and the application of density-functional theory simulations to derive molecular ion energetics. It is shown that the direct thermal emission of neutral molecules is extremely unlikely. However, neutrals can still be formed in the course of an APT experiment by dissociation of metastable molecular ions.
Compressibility of stottite, FeGe(OH)6: An octahedral framework with protonated O atoms

Abstract The evolution of the unit-cell parameters of stottite [FeGe(OH)6], a compound with a tetragonal octahedral framework related to the perovskite structure, has been determined to a maximum pressure of 7.8 GPa by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at room temperature. Stottite does not exhibit any phase transitions in this pressure range. A fit of a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state to the pressure-volume data yields values of V0 = 425.67(2) Å3, KT0 = 78.4(3) GPa and K0' = 6.18(10). Analysis of the unit-cell parameter data shows that c is approximately 10% more compressible a. Compressional moduli for the axes are Ka0 = 81.3(3) GPa and K'a0 = 6.4(1), Kc0 = 73.3(6) GPa and K'c 0 = 5.7(2). We relate these axial compressibilities to the structure of stottite, which, unlike related cubic protonated octahedral frameworks such as burtite [CaSn(OH)6], is expected to have a highly anisotropic hydrogen-bonding topology: a high degree of hydrogen-bonded connectivity parallel to (001) and very little parallel to [001]. Enhanced hydrogen bonding within the (001) plane may stiffen the structure along <100>. We also make some provisional comparisons with structural and elasticity data for perovskites and show that the absence of a central, non-framework cation in the stottite structure allows octahedral tilts in excess of 40°. The stottite structure is much softer than any known oxide perovskite. The relative importance of an empty cavity site vs. the role of hydrogen bonding is likely to be a major issue in understanding the compressional behavior of protonated octahedral frameworks.
The effect of three different nitrogen based supplements on the utilization of tropical forage diets by zebu crossbred steers

Thirty-two Bos indicus crossbred steers were offered ad libitum a basal diet of low quality tropical native pasture hay. Supplements of urea (US), urea and formaldehyde cottonseed meal (US+PP) or urea, soyabean meal and maize (UPM) were compared in a 64 day pen feeding study. The unsupplemented controls lost 27kg and those fed urea lost 14kg. Liveweight gains of 18kg and 11kg were observed in treatments US+PP and UPM respectively. The liveweight responses were related to a 60% increase in roughage intake and the increased nutrient supply from supplemental protein and energy.
Internet Addiction and Psychological Morbidity among Menoufia University Students, Egypt

Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is a growing problem among university students worldwide. There is lack of Egyptian national studies addressing this problem. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of PIU and its relation to psychological morbidity among Egyptian university students. A cross sectional study was carried out on 1656 university students from two Egyptian faculties randomly chosen following multistage random sampling methodology. Students were asked to fill a questionnaire including data about demographic factors, family and school-related factors and internet using activities. Young internet addiction test (YIAT) and the General health questionnaire (GHQ -12) were used to assess internet addiction and psychological morbidity. About 13% of the participants were problematic internet users. Prevalence of PIU was significantly higher among males, students from the theoretical college, students with higher parents education, students who use internet for more hours daily, more frequently, and who use it for socialization and entertainment purposes. A significantly positive correlation was found between YIAT scores and GHQ scores. This study showed a high prevalence of PIU among Egyptian university students which affects their psychological wellbeing. An intervention program focusing on related factors should be implemented to reduce this problem. Future researches addressing the relationship between PIU and psychological disorders should be carried out.
The Importance of Active Lifestyles for Memory Performance and Memory Self-Knowledge

The relation between knowledge about memory capacity, delayed recall on a 15-word-list task, and sociological lifestyle variables was examined in a sample of 1,398 adults ranging in age between 25 and 82. Participants were sampled from a registration network of family medical practices representing the general population of the south of The Netherlands. Participants were stratified for age, sex, and level of occupational achievement. We found that lifestyle opportunity structure as indicated by social network characteristics and lifestyle conduct as indicated by activity scores were related positively to the dependent variables of memory knowledge and delayed recall. Study results showed that participants with better delayed recall scores had larger social networks, were younger, were more frequently female, had more years of education, and were less externally oriented. Participants with higher metamemory capacity scores had more frequent contacts in their social network, considered themselves more frequently an active person, were younger, were female, reported fewer health complaints, and had a higher internal locus of control. Delayed recall scores did not predict metamemory capacity scores after we controlled for other variables. The results support the conclusion that cognitive performance is influenced significantly by lifestyle components.
Engineering Students’ Perception of Financial Mathematics-An empirical study based on the EAPH-MF scale

In this study, the EAPH-MF test was administered to a sample of undergraduates, with the purpose of comparing the results with those observed in the original research of “Author” (2011), regarding students’ perception and attitudes toward financial-mathematics courses. The sample comprised 209 Industrial-Engineering students, who were enrolled in the Mexican university “Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Tierra Blanca”, and had finished one or more financial-mathematics courses. The study replicated the same method applied in the original research, aiming to assess the relevance of the variables under study and their probable correlation. It was observed that, whenever the teaching-learning process incorporated the variables of the EAPH-MF scale as a didactic strategy, the results validated similar behaviors among students in both samples. These variables -the history of mathematics, spreadsheet programming, design of simulators, a computer platform, and the participation of virtual communities- accounted for 60% of the variance of the phenomenon under study.
The volume entropy of a surface decreases along the Ricci flow

The volume entropy, h(g), of a compact Riemannian manifold (M,g) measures the growth rate of the volume of a ball of radius R in its universal cover. Under the Ricci flow, g evolves along a certain path $(g_t, t\geq0)$ that improves its curvature properties. For a compact surface of variable negative curvature we use a Katok–Knieper–Weiss formula to show that h(gt) is strictly decreasing.
Nitrite Intoxication of Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) at Different Water Temperatures

Kroupova H. , J. Machova, V. Piaakova, M. Flaj‰hans, Z. Svobodova, G. Poleszczuk: Nitrite Intoxication of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) at Different Water Temperatures. Acta Vet Brno 2006, 75: 561-569. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were exposed to nitrite (1.45 mmol·l -1 NO 2 - ) for 48 hours at 14 °C and 20 °C, in order to investigate the mechanism of nitrite poisoning at these water temperatures. The effect of nitrite exposure on fish was assessed on selected haematological and biochemical indicators of the blood. Moreover, nitrite accumulation in the blood, liver and muscle was measured. Nitrite exposure produced high levels of methaemoglobin (88.2 ± 3.3% and 92.9 ± 6.1%) at both water temperatures compared with controls (0.3 ± 0.6% and 2.6 ± 3.0%). High fish mortality occurred in experimental groups (30% and 51%) compared with controls (0%). Nitrite exposure also resulted in an accumulation of nitrite in the fish body. The highest nitrite levels developed in the blood plasma, followed by the liver and muscle, respectively. Carp concentrated nitrite in the blood plasma and tissues to markedly higher levels at higher temperature (20 °C). The plasma nitrite concentrations (10.5 ± 1.9 mmol·l-1) were in this case more than 7 times higher than the environmental one. At lower temperature (14 °C), plasma nitrite concentration reached 5.0 ± 1.5 mmol·l-1. In either event, plasma K+ levels increased and Cl- levels and osmolality remained unchanged. Plasma Na + levels slightly decreased at the higher temperature. Nitriteexposed fish showed lower haematocrit values (PCV) at both experimental temperatures compared with controls. At 20 °C, the blood haematocrit decrease (0.20 ± 0.02 l·l -1 ) was accompanied by a low erythrocyte count (1.05 ± 0.12·1012 l-1) and by a low haemoglobin level (51 ± 11 g·l-1). At the lower temperature (14 °C), the haematocrit decrease (0.25 ± 0.02 l·l -1 ) was caused by a low mean corpuscular volume (167 ± 27 fl). No significant changes were observed in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), or selected erythrocyte dimensions (major axis, minor axis and aspect ratio). Fish, nitrite accumulation, haematology, biochemical indices, methaemoglobinaemia An intensive culture of several fish species in recirculation systems has become very popular in Europe during the last few decades. This kind of aquaculture relies on recirculating water systems that remove waste ammonia from water. Ammonia, i.e. the main product of protein metabolism of fish (Wood 1993), is removed from the tanks by nitrification (conversion to nitrites and subsequently to nitrates) by means of bio-filters. Imbalance in the nitrification process can often lead to an increase in the nitrite concentrations by up to 1 mmol·l - 1 NO 2 - or more (Kamstra et al. 1996). This may result
Secure and Efficient RNS Approach for Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Scalar multiplication, the main operation in elliptic curve cryptographic protocols, is vulnerable to side-channel (SCA) and fault injection (FA) attacks. An efficient countermeasure for scalar multiplication can be provided by using alternative number systems like the Residue Number System (RNS). In RNS, a number is represented as a set of smaller numbers, where each one is the result of the modular reduction with a given moduli basis. Under certain requirements, a number can be uniquely transformed from the integers to the RNS domain (and vice versa) and all arithmetic operations can be performed in RNS. This representation provides an inherent SCA and FA resistance to many attacks and can be further enhanced by RNS arithmetic manipulation or more traditional algorithmic countermeasures. In this paper, extending our previous work, we explore the potentials of RNS as an SCA and FA countermeasure and provide an description of RNS based SCA and FA resistance means. We propose a secure and efficient Montgomery Power Ladder based scalar multiplication algorithm on RNS and discuss its SCAFA resistance. The proposed algorithm is implemented on an ARM Cortex A7 processor and its SCA-FA resistance is evaluated by collecting preliminary leakage trace results that validate our initial assumptions.
Intraseasonal oscillations and the South China Sea summer monsoon onset

This paper investigates the role of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM). Two major components of ISO (10–20‐day and 30–60‐day modes) are identified. The coupling of these two intraseasonal modes during the pre‐monsoon period of the SCSSM are investigated by examining the filtered outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), low‐level circulation, apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink from October of a previous calendar year to September of a calendar year.