Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concise Associated Symptoms Tracking scale: a brief self-report and clinician rating of symptoms associated with suicidality.

OBJECTIVE US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings recommend monitoring negative symptoms associated with the initiation of antidepressant medications as these symptoms may interfere with full recovery and pose safety concerns. There is currently no brief, reliable rating instrument for assessing treatment-emergent, negative symptoms. We evaluated the psychometric properties of 2 versions of the newly developed 17-item Concise Associated Symptom Tracking (CAST) scale, the CAST Clinician Rating (CAST-C) and CAST Self-Rated (CAST-SR), which are brief instruments designed to measure the 5 relevant associated symptom domains (irritability, anxiety, mania, insomnia, and panic). METHOD The study enrolled 265 outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD), from July 2007 through February 2008, into an 8-week, open-label trial with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Diagnosis of MDD was determined by the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening questionnaire and an MDD checklist based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. Suicidality (suicidal ideation with associated behaviors) is 1 of 9 symptoms of MDD (depressed mood, loss of interest, appetite or weight change, sleep disturbance, reduced concentration or indecisiveness, fatigue or decreased energy, psychomotor agitation or retardation, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt). Psychometric evaluations were conducted on both versions of the CAST. RESULTS Cronbach α was . 80 (CAST-C) and . 81 (CAST-SR). Factor analysis identified 5 factors for each scale: (1) irritability, (2) anxiety, (3) mania, (4) insomnia, and (5) panic. When the item that cross-loaded on 2 factors was eliminated, the 16-item solution had a better goodness of fit (CAST-C: 0.90 vs 0.87; CAST-SR: 0.88 vs 0.84). Cronbach α for the 16-item versions was . 77 (CAST-C) and . 78 (CAST-SR). The 5 associated CAST symptom domains correlated well with other standard measures of these domains. CONCLUSIONS The 16-item CAST-C and CAST-SR demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. These are potentially useful measures for monitoring treatment-emergent negative symptoms associated with antidepressants, as recommended by the FDA. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00532103.
What is the best diagnostic approach for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Received: 15-04-10 Accepted: 26-05-10 Abstract For the gastroenterologist, the study of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is a diagnostic challenge. Using recent definitions as starting point for locating and defining the type of obscure bleeding allows better study and classification of these individuals. Since 25% of the causes of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding are within the reach of upper endoscopy and total colonoscopy, we are compelled to make good clinical evaluations and establish quality parameters for performance of these procedures. With the emergence of new techniques such as capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy, the study of the small intestine with higher performance than previously available through imaging studies is now possible in our environment. Rational sequential use of these diagnostic tools, exhaustive reviews of capsule endoscopy images plus and adequate training in performing balloon enteroscopy including the two-way approach when necessary, will help us to establish and treat the cause in most patients with this condition.
[Hemolytic disease of the newborn and irregular blood group antibodies in the Netherlands: prevalence and morbidity].

OBJECTIVE To inventory prevalence and morbidity of haemolytic disease of newborn caused by irregular anti-erythrocyte antibodies other than antirhesus-D. DESIGN Prospective registration study. METHOD All paediatricians (n = 380) in general hospitals and contact persons (n = 79) in university hospitals were asked for monthly reports of clinical cases of haemolytic disease of newborn during 2 years (1996-1997). RESULTS Response was 97%. A total of 130 reports were received in two study years, 49 of which could not be confirmed as non-RhD-non-AB0 antagonism. In the group of which the transfusion history was known (n = 60), 29 pregnant women (48%) had received transfused blood at some time. Of the antibodies found, anti-c, anti-E and anti-K were the most frequent. The direct antiglobulin test was positive in 61 of the 81 cases, negative in 10 cases, while in 10 cases it was unknown or false-negative due to earlier intrauterine transfusions (in three neonates). The highest bilirubin levels recorded were 572, 559 and 520 mumol/l (all three with maternal anti-c antagonism). Therapeutic data were known concerning 80 of the 81 newborn: 21 (16%) received no treatment, 24 (29%) only phototherapy and the others--in addition to phototherapy if any--also blood transfusion, exchange transfusion or intrauterine transfusion, or a combination of these. CONCLUSION It was calculated that the actual prevalence of irregular anti-erythrocyte antibodies in Dutch pregnant women probably amounts to approximately 0.25%. This finding may possibly be confirmed since starting 1 July 1998 all pregnant women in the country are screened for the presence of these antibodies. It is recommended that girls and women in the reproductive age group should receive primary prevention of development of irregular anti-erythrocyte antibodies by application of a selective blood transfusion policy, taking into account the occurrence of the antigens c, E and K.
Parent–Teen Communication about Sex in Urban Thai Families

This study describes sexual communication among Thai parents and their teens and identifies variables related to communication about sex in urban Thai families. Data were derived from 420 families whose teenage children ages 13–14 years were randomly selected using the probability proportional to size technique. Interviews were conducted with 1 parent and 1 teenage child in each family. In-depth interviews were also conducted in 30 parents and teens drawn from the same 420 families. Results showed that parents were most likely to talk with their teens about body changes and dating; however, less discussion about sex-related issues, birth control, and HIV/AIDS occurred. More daughters than sons reported frequent discussions with their parents about sex. Parents who believed their teens had been involved in sexual activity were more likely to talk about HIV/AIDS and the difficulty of teenagers having babies, instead of talking about sexual intercourse or when to start having sex. Multiple regression analysis indicated that gender of the child (female), parental religiosity, and parental perception of teen sexual activity were significant predictors of increased sexual communication in Thai families. The findings suggest a need for approaches designed to facilitate communication skills about sex-related issues among Thai parents.
Interplay between Carotenoids, Abscisic Acid and Jasmonate Guides the Compatible Rice-Meloidogyne graminicola Interaction

In this study, we have characterized the role of carotenoids and chlorophyll in the compatible interaction between the sedentary root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne graminicola and the monocot model plant rice (Oryza sativa). Previous transcriptome data showed a differential expression of carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis genes in nematode-induced giant cells and gall tissue. Metabolite measurement showed that galls indeed accumulate chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, as well as the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). When ABA was externally applied on rice plants, or when ABA-biosynthesis was inhibited, a significant increase in gall formation and nematode development was found, showing the complex role of ABA in this interaction. ABA application suppressed jasmonic acid (JA) levels in the plants, while ABA-biosynthesis inhibition lead to increased JA levels confirming an antagonism between ABA and JA in rice roots. In addition, combined applications of ABA and JA showed that the ABA-effect can overcome JA-induced defense. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that the accumulation of chlorophyll and carotenoid precursors would be beneficial to nematode infection. Indeed, when chemically blocking the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway at different steps, which leads to differential accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophyll in the plants, a positive and clear link between accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophyll and rice susceptibility to RKN was detected.
Gaze-contingent interactive visualization of high-dynamic-range imagery

There exist many types of visual imagery that span a dynamic range that exceeds what typical displays are able to capture. This implies that some information is lost, and requires schemes for compressing the dynamic range so that images are amenable to viewing on standard display technology. In certain application domains, specialized displays that cover a wider dynamic range are employed including for the display of medical images for diagnostic purposes. In this paper, we present a means of locally adapting the dynamic range of the display as a function of gaze location to allow for visualization of high dynamic range media on standard displays. This allows for viewing visual media over a dynamic range that exceeds limitations of any display, and presents additional value for certain application domains. The implemented system also allows for control over dynamic range globally based on hand gestures.
Settlement Heterogeneity and Multivariate Craft Production in the Early Bronze Age Southern Levant

Urbanization, as a formative process in the rise of social and economic complexity, has long dominated conceptualizations of the Early Bronze Age (EBA) southern Levant, with many synthetic reconstructions assuming a process structurally analogous to developments witnessed elsewhere in the ancient Near East. Viewed from this perspective, urbanism as experienced in the EBA southern Levant was little more than a secondary, derivative expression of the earlier and larger-scale manifestations that had occurred in southern Mesopotamia and Egypt. Settlement patterns and excavated remains from the Central Highlands of Jordan, however, reveal a striking pattern of low-level integration and autonomous development. Although a complex social order clearly emerged, the evidence suggests the formation of heterarchically organized regional communities, rather than the hierarchical, centralized urban landscape typically assumed for the region. This paper examines the evidence for heterarchy in the EBA, and its implications regarding prevailing views about the development of urbanism in the southern Levant.
Alteration of the timing of self‐initiated but not reactive saccades by electrical stimulation in the supplementary eye field

Although we can generate movements whenever we feel like doing so, the way in which neuronal signals regulate the timing of self‐initiated movements remains elusive. There is evidence that the dorsomedial frontal cortex, including the supplementary eye field (SEF), is involved in the self‐triggering of movements. Because the gradual evolution of cortical activity over the dorsomedial frontal cortex is known to reflect the temporal prediction of an upcoming event, we postulated that the timing of self‐initiated movements is regulated by the time course of neuronal activity in the SEF. To test the causal role, we applied electrical microstimulation to the SEF when monkeys prepared for memory‐guided saccades. Stimulation delayed the initiation of saccades when animals were required to make saccades 1200 ± 300 ms following the cue (self‐timed task), but not when they generated memory‐guided saccades in response to the offset of the fixation point (conventional task). As well as the increment in median saccade latencies, stimulation at ∼24% of sites also increased the occurrence of early erroneous saccades. Saccades facilitated by stimulation were always directed toward the cue, even when the cue was located away from the movement field. In contrast, stimulation to the frontal eye fields during saccade preparation exerted no effects in either task. These results suggest that the preparatory signals in the SEF may play a causal role in regulating the timing rather than the direction of self‐initiated saccades.
Expression of the Molecular Chaperone Hsp70 in Detergent-resistant Microdomains Correlates with Its Membrane Delivery and Release*

Accumulating evidence suggests that some heat shock proteins (Hsps), in particular the 72-kDa inducible Hsp70, associate to the cell membrane and might be secreted through an unknown mechanism to exert important functions in the immune response and signal transduction. We speculated that specialized structures named lipid rafts, known as important platforms for the delivery of proteins to the cell membrane, might be involved in the unknown mechanism ensuring membrane association and secretion of Hsp70. Lipid rafts are sphingolipid-cholesterol-rich structures that have been mainly characterized in polarized epithelial cells and can be isolated as detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs). Analysis of soluble and DRM fractions prepared from unstressed Caco-2 epithelial cells revealed that Hsp70, and to a lesser extent calnexin, were present in DRM fractions. Increased expression of Hsps, through heat shock or by using drugs acting on protein trafficking or intracellular calcium level, induced an efficient translocation to DRM. We also found that Hsp70 was released by epithelial Caco-2 cells, and this release dramatically increased after heat shock. Drugs known to block the classical secretory pathway were unable to reduce Hsp70 release. By contrast, release of the protein was affected by the raft-disrupting drug methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Our data suggest that lipid rafts are part of a mechanism ensuring the correct functions of Hsps and provide a rational explanation for the observed membrane association and release of Hsp70.
Prevalence of Mixed Infections in the Diabetic Pedal Wound: A Perspective Based on a National Audit

Foot infections can have disastrous consequences in the life of a diabetic. The treatment of the pedal wound demands a great deal of resources. This retrospective study was formulated to determine the incidence of polymicrobial infections. The National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to gather data regarding cultures from diabetic foot infections. Codes from surgery were used because intraoperative cultures are the most reliable. It was observed that Staphylococcus Aureus is the most frequently responsible inciting organism; regarding polymicrobial infections, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were the most common combination found. Incidence of anaerobes and gram negatives was low. This information tells a clinician that very broad-spectrum antibiotics would most commonly not be necessary, putting the impetus on the doctors to clinically assess a wound and prescribe the most appropriate antibiotic selection.
ESC / EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization

Authors/Task Force members: Stephan Windecker* (ESC Chairperson) (Switzerland), Philippe Kolh* (EACTS Chairperson) (Belgium), Fernando Alfonso (Spain), Jean-Philippe Collet (France), Jochen Cremer (Germany), Volkmar Falk (Switzerland), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Christian Hamm (Germany), Stuart J. Head (The Netherlands), Peter Jüni (Switzerland), A. Pieter Kappetein (The Netherlands), Adnan Kastrati (Germany), Juhani Knuuti (Finland), Ulf Landmesser (Switzerland), Günther Laufer (Austria), Franz-Josef Neumann (Germany), Dimitrios J. Richter (Greece), Patrick Schauerte (Germany), Miguel Sousa Uva (Portugal), Giulio G. Stefanini (Switzerland), David Paul Taggart (UK), Lucia Torracca (Italy), Marco Valgimigli (Italy), William Wijns (Belgium), and Adam Witkowski (Poland).
Evidence for the efficacy of enzalutamide in postchemotherapy metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer

The treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has evolved rapidly with the recent approval of a number of treatments and agents, including docetaxel, sipuleucel T, abiraterone, cabazitaxel, and enzalutamide. Enzalutamide (previously MDV-3100) is a novel oral androgen receptor inhibitor that targets multiple steps in the androgen receptor signaling pathway. The randomized phase III AFFIRM study demonstrated significant improvements in a number of efficacy endpoints, including the primary endpoint of overall survival and secondary endpoints of progression-free survival, and time to prostate-specific antigen progression in patients with progressive mCRPC who had received prior treatment with docetaxel. Enzalutamide was well tolerated and there were comparable incidences of grade 3 or greater adverse events reported for the enzalutamide and placebo control arms in AFFIRM. Unlike some other treatments for mCRPC, enzalutamide does not require administration with steroids. The ongoing randomized phase III PREVAIL trial will investigate the efficacy and safety of enzalutamide in chemotherapy-naïve patients with mCRPC. Additional trials are investigating the use of enzalutamide in a number of disease settings.
ζ-Glycine: insight into the mechanism of a polymorphic phase transition

The structure of the ζ polymorph of glycine has been solved by a combination of crystal structure prediction and neutron powder diffraction, where the elusive phase was trapped at low temperature. At room temperature ζ-glycine is a short-lived intermediate in the pressure-driven transition between the ∊ and γ polymorphs; by contrast at low temperature it undergoes the first observed transformation into the metastable β polymorph.
The Prevalence of Distal and Proximal Gastroesophageal Reflux in Patients Awaiting Lung Transplantation

Objective:To determine the prevalence and proximal extent of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) in patients awaiting lung transplantation. Background:GERD has been postulated to contribute to accelerated graft failure in patients who have had lung transplantations. However, the prevalence of reflux symptoms, esophageal motility abnormalities, and proximal esophageal reflux among patients with end-stage lung disease awaiting lung transplantation are unknown. Methods:A total of 109 patients with end-stage lung disease awaiting lung transplantation underwent symptomatic assessment, esophageal manometry, and esophageal pH monitoring (using a probe with 2 sensors located 5 and 20 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter). Results:Reflux symptoms were not predictive of the presence of reflux (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 26%). Esophageal manometry showed a high prevalence of a hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter (55%) and impaired esophageal peristalsis (47%) among patients with reflux. Distal reflux was present in 68% of patients and proximal reflux was present in 37% of patients. Conclusions:These data show that in patients with end-stage lung disease: 1) symptoms were insensitive and nonspecific for diagnosing reflux; 2) esophageal motility was frequently abnormal; 3) 68% of patients had GERD; 4) in 50% of the patients with GERD, acid refluxed into the proximal esophagus. We conclude that patients with end-stage lung disease should be screened with pH monitoring for GERD.
Association between polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1) and breast cancer risk in a sample Iranian population.

AIM Genetic and environmental factors are risk factors for breast cancer. Our aim was to investigate the associations between genetic polymorphism of GST genes (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) and susceptibility to breast cancer in an Iranian population. MATERIALS & METHODS This case-control study was carried out on 134 patients with breast cancer and 152 healthy, cancer-free women. GSTP1 polymorphism was determined using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR assay and GSTM1 and GSTT1 were genotyped by a multiplex PCR. RESULTS We found that the GSTM1 null genotype is a risk factor for predisposition to breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.78-3.45; p = 0.010). No significant difference was found between the groups regarding GSTT1 null genotype (p > 0.05). The GSTP1 Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes were associated with breast cancer risk (OR = 3.29; 95% CI = 1.84-5.91; p < 0.0001 and OR = 20.68; 95% CI = 5.66-75.60; p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION In summary, GSTM1 and GSTP1, but not GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of breast cancer in our population.
Cost Efficiency in the European Securities Settlement and Safekeeping Industry

We examine whether the European settlement and custody institutions operate in an efficient way. To do this, we start from en analytically founded discussion regarding the activities performed by the operators in this sector. Based on the insights obtained, we estimate both a translog cost function and a constant elasticity of substitution - quadratic cost function. From the results obtained, there clearly are economies of scale in this industry. Moreover, also economies of scope between the activities performed are present. These findings imply that probably further consolidation is ahead, and that separating certain activities from others can only be done at a cost in terms of efficiency.
Character Education and Students Social Behavior

In an educational environment, in the form of character education program has been done both formally and informally. It's intended as one of the supporting ideas for follow-up in the form of design activities. Character education should basically refers to the vision and mission of the institution concerned. It shows the orientation of the two things in the character of the students are: aspects of human character and individual learners hallmark institution. In this paper, these two aspects is the author trying to ideas by referring to some other writings. The end result, the authors expect the birth of a design patent as early referral to spearhead a character development program learners.
Chemicals Studied and Evaluated in Long‐Term Carcinogenesis Bioassays by Both the Ramazzini Foundation and the National Toxicology Program

Abstract: The Ramazzini Foundation (RF) in Bentivoglio, Italy and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina have carried out several hundred chemical carcinogenesis bioassays: 200 by RF and 500 by NTP. Of these, 21 have been evaluated by both laboratories. The 14 chemicals for which both laboratories have designed, conducted, and reported bioassay results are: acrylonitrile, benzene, chlorine, diesel fuel, ethylbenzene, methylene chloride (dichloromethane), propylene, styrene, styrene oxide, toluene, trichloroethylene, trichlorofluoromethane, vinylidene chloride, and xylenes. The other seven chemicals (two are fibers) were evaluated by both laboratories, but results have not yet been published. Results of these 14 interlaboratory studies were compared both to explore consistency of carcinogenic responses and to identify possible factors that may reveal reasons for any differences observed. Individual carcinogenesis results from each laboratory were duplicated and complementary. Of the 14 chemicals compared, 11 (80%) were either carcinogenic (9 chemicals) or noncarcinogenic (2 chemicals) in both studies. Eight of the paired chemicals had at least one carcinogenic target site in common. The other three were carcinogenic in one laboratory but not in the other. Possible explanations for these differences include dose, method of administration, duration of follow‐up, and whether or not total tumors are counted. The collaboration between these two pioneering bioassay laboratory programs contributes greatly to our understanding of chemical carcinogenesis and results in better protection of workers and the general population from chemical diseases, especially cancers.