Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the Draw of Diversity: How Diversity Climate Perceptions Affect Job‐Pursuit Intentions

Organizations must target talented applicants, who will often be demographically diverse, to attract the most competent and competitive workforce possible. Despite the bottom-line implications of attracting the best and brightest, surprisingly little is known about how and why diversity recruitment strategies affect recruitment outcomes (e.g., job-pursuit intentions). To gain insight into this question, we conducted an initial experimental study (N = 194) to test the premise that other-group orientation moderates the relationship between perceived organizational value of diversity and job-pursuit intentions. In a follow-up experiment (N = 255), identity affirmation was examined as the mediating mechanism for the interaction observed in the first study. Mediated moderation analyses supported the proposed model. Collectively, the studies indicate that job seekers high in other-group orientation are more intent on pursuing employment with organizations deemed to value diversity because they feel that their salient identities are likely to be affirmed. No such indirect effect is present for those lower in other-group orientation.
DESCRIPTIVE REPRESENTATION, REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRA CY AND BILINGUAL EDUCATION POLICY: EXAMINING IMPLEMENTATION

OF THESIS DESCRIPTIVE REPRESENTATION, REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACY AND BILINGUAL EDUCATION POLICY: EXAMINING IMPLEMENTATION In this study, I examine the factors that influence school districts’ commitment to implement ESL (English as a Second Language) education in compliance with the federal Bilingual Education Act of 1968. To explain variation in implementation effort, I focus on several features of the local implementation environment, including the role of Latino descriptive representation. Utilizing data on all public school districts in Texas, I employ a Heckman two-stage estimation procedure that accounts for factors that influence school districts’ decisions to implement bilingual education programs as well as factors that affect the amount of resources school districts are willing to allocate towards bilingual education. The results indicate that Latino school board and teacher representation play a positive and statistically significant role in determining: 1) whether school districts implement bilingual education programs; and 2) the level of expenditures and teacher positions allocated towards bilingual education. Thus, policy implementation outcomes translate into substantive representation.
Do high-tech stock prices revert to their ‘fundamental’ value?

By assuming that fundamentals matter, this article builds a discounted cash flow (DCF) model (which is assumed to be commonly used by fundamentalists) where the determination of the fundamental is affected by variables proxying for the unobserved firm quality and for the value of its real option for expansion. It finds on a sample of high-tech stocks that the cross-sectional distance from the fundamental is significantly affected by chartists’ variables measuring stock momentum. 1Detailed free information on indicators needed to evaluate stock fundamentals is available for instance on the following websits (www.finance. yahoo.com, www.marketguide.com, and www.quicken.com). It also tests whether stock returns are significantly affected by lagged deviations from the DCF fundamental value. Finding evidence of both ‘reversion to the DCF fundamental’ and insider trading (or delays in the adjustment of publicly available information), since negative deviations from the fundamental positively affect future stock returns but are, in the meantime, significantly affected by short-term future changes in fundamentals.
An empirical analysis of interest rates and exports under imperfect credit markets

This article studies the empirical relationship between interest rates and exports under imperfect credit markets. Our findings show that a well-developed credit market with ample credits has a positive effect on exports and interest rates exert a negative effect on exports. In particular, we find that in a well-developed credit market with ample credits, interest rates have a stronger negative effect on the exports.
Economic Development and Heterogeneity in the Great Moderation among the States

Using state level personal income, we document the substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude and timing of the Great Moderation. Low income states experienced remarkable moderation, but some richer states experienced significant increases in volatility. We evaluate the findings from a development perspective, and discuss how differences in income per capita and the structure of production can determine the heterogeneity in income volatility across states.
A public health approach to promoting advance care planning to Aboriginal people in regional communities.

OBJECTIVE To explore perceptions of Noongar community members towards advance care planning (ACP), while developing culturally appropriate information resources for use in community and hospital settings. DESIGN Qualitative research methods, combining active health promotion with interviews and group discussions for participant feedback. SETTING Six rural communities across the Great Southern region of Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen Noongar community members consented to participate in interviews or group discussions. INTERVENTIONS Community members received information about ACP at community events or home visits, from an Aboriginal health worker and palliative care researcher. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Semi-structured interviews and group discussions were thematically analysed using a descriptive, exploratory approach. Research team reflections on community events also constituted data. RESULTS Key themes impacting on perceptions of ACP included cultural approaches to dying, importance of family and kin, and appropriate communication. Participants were satisfied with the information resource and method of community engagement. CONCLUSIONS Culturally appropriate methods of engaging Aboriginal people in ACP discussions should include Aboriginal health workers and take a whole of community approach to awareness raising.
Assessing the Long-term Impacts of Water Quality Outreach and Education Efforts on Agricultural Landowners

Abstract We assess the long-term effectiveness of outreach and education efforts associated with a water quality improvement project in a watershed located in northern Utah, USA. Conducted 15 years after the original project began, our research examines the lasting impacts of different extension activities on landowners’ motivations to participate and their awareness and understanding of the water quality problem. Data were gathered by reviewing annual project reports, interviewing project staff about outreach and education efforts, and conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a majority of the farmers and ranchers who participated in the project. The findings suggest that landowners were motivated to participate in the programme more by practical farm and household considerations and available cost-share opportunities than by particular environmental concerns. Previous relationships between farmers and government programme staff and one-on-one visits with landowners played an important role in their decisions to participate, while demonstration projects and peer-to-peer social diffusion processes played a much smaller role than expected. Although participants had a good grasp of the project goals, they did not have a strong sense of ownership of the water quality problem. These results suggest that education and outreach approaches centred only on the environmental dimensions of conservation projects may be insufficient to motivate changes in conservation behaviour. The results also suggest that conventional outreach strategies often did not have their presumed impact on landowners.
Intertemporal substitution andthe liquidity e$ect in a sticky price model

The liquidity e$ect, de3ned as a decrease in nominal interest rates in response to a monetary expansion, is a major stylizedfact of the business cycle. This paper 3rst con3rms that, with separable preferences, a low degree of intertemporal substitution in consumption is a necessary condition for the existence of the liquidity e$ect. In contrast to this result, in a model with non-separable preferences and capital accumulation it takes an implausibly high elasticity of intertemporal substitution to produce a liquidity e$ect. The robustness of these results to alternative degrees of nominal rigidities, capital adjustment costs and stochastic monetary processes is also analysed. We conclude that price stickiness, by itself, does not guarantee the existence of a liquidity e$ect. c
CD40-Induced Aggregation of MHC Class II and CD80 on the Cell Surface Leads to an Early Enhancement in Antigen Presentation 1

Ligation of CD40 on B cells increases their ability to present Ag and to activate MHC class II (MHC-II)-restricted T cells. How this occurs is not entirely clear. In this study we demonstrate that CD40 ligation on Ag-presenting B cells (APC) for a short period between 30 min and 3 h has a rapid, augmenting effect on the ability of a B cell line and normal B cells to activate T cells. This is not due to alterations in Ag processing or to an increase in surface expression of CD80, CD86, ICAM-1, or MHC-II. This effect is particularly evident with naive, resting T lymphocytes and appears to be more pronounced under limiting Ag concentrations. Shortly after CD40 ligation on a B cell line, MHC-II and CD80 progressively accumulated in cholesterol-enriched microdomains on the cell surface, which correlated with an initial enhancement in their Ag presentation ability. Moreover, CD40 ligation induced a second, late, more sustained enhancement of Ag presentation, which correlates with a significant increase in CD80 expression by APC. Thus, CD40 signaling enhances the efficiency with which APC activate T cells by at least two related, but distinct, mechanisms: an early stage characterized by aggregation of MHC-II and CD80 clusters, and a late stage in which a significant increase in CD80 expression is observed. These results raise the possibility that one important role of CD40 is to contribute to the formation of the immunological synapse on the APC side.
THE STOCK MARKET CRASH OF 1929

From the open on Wednesday October 23, 1929 to the close on Tuesday October 29, 1929 the New York Stock Exchange lost over twenty-five percent of its value. In that single week, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (see Pierce [1982]) fell from 326.51 to 230.07, a drop of 29.5%, while the Standard and Poor’s composite portfolio of ninety stocks (see Schwert [1990]) fell from 28.27 to 20.43, a fall of 27.8%. As large as these drops were, they must be placed in the proper perspective. First, at the end of 1929, stock prices were less than twenty percent below their beginning of year level, and well above the level at the beginning of 1928. In addition, much of the October 1929 loss was regained by mid-April of 1930. But, nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind that the October 1929 crash was just one part of the sustained decline that began on September 3, 1929, when the Dow Jones Industrials closed at 381.17, and continued through the end of February of 1933, when Dow closed at 50.16 – a cumulative decline of over 85%. While share prices certainly fell in late October 1929, and trading was disorderly in many respects, the market decline was more gradual and much longer than the term ‘crash’ implies. Finally, it is worth noting that the Dow Jones Industrial Average did not reach the nominal level of the September 1929 peak again until the mid-1950s. There are two aspects of the 1929 stock market decline that are of broad interest: (1) What caused the crash? and (2) What is the connection between the crash and the Great Depression of 1929—1933? I will examine each of these in turn. The first
State Antipredatory Lending Laws and Neighborhood Foreclosure Rates

ABSTRACT: In this study, we examine the impact of state antipredatory lending laws (APLs) on neighborhood foreclosure and delinquency rates using a set of panel data regression models. We find strong evidence that neighborhoods have lower default rates in states with laws that extended federal coverage and/or restricted more mortgage contract terms, in states with broader coverage of subprime loans with high points and fees, and in states with more restrictive regulations on prepayment penalties. A typical APL lowers neighborhood default rates by between 3.8% and 18%, depending on the default risk measure considered. The findings remain consistent when we restrict the analysis to cross-border neighborhoods, suggesting that they are not due solely to unobservable market variation.
A Panel Data Analysis of Locational Determinants of Chinese and Indian Outward Foreign Direct Investment

The upsurge of Chinese and Indian outward foreign direct investment (FDI) raises an unanswered question about locational determinants of direct investment from the two countries. Using an unbalanced bilateral FDI database, we find that Chinese and Indian FDI are attracted to countries with large market size, low GDP growth, high volumes of imports from China or India, and low corporate tax rates. We also find important differences between China and India. While Chinese FDI is drawn to countries with open economic regimes, depreciated host currencies, better institutional environments, and English speaking status, none of these factors are important for Indian FDI. Chinese FDI is also deterred by geographic distance and OCED membership. However, neither of these has any impact on Indian FDI.
A Historical Public Debt Database

This paper describes the compilation of the first truly comprehensive database on gross government debt-to-GDP ratios, covering nearly the entire IMF membership (174 countries) and spanning an exceptionally long time period. The database was constructed by bringing together a number of other datasets and information from original sources. For the most recent years, the data are linked to the IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO) database to facilitate regular updates. The paper discusses the evolution of debt-to-GDP ratios across country groups for several decades, episodes of debt spikes and reversals, and a pattern of negative correlation between debt and growth.
Skin Problems in an Amputee Clinic

Dudek NL, Marks MB, Marshall SC: Skin problems in an amputee clinic. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2006;85:424–429. Objective:To document the type and frequency of individual residual limb skin problems among patients using a lower extremity prosthesis, including the suggested etiology and management of each type of skin problem. Design:This is a 6-yr retrospective chart review of skin lesions diagnosed in patients examined in an outpatient amputee clinic at a regional, referral rehabilitation hospital in Ottawa, Canada. Skin lesions were included if they were on a lower extremity residual limb for a patient who functionally used a prosthesis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results:A total of 528 skin problems were documented in 337 lower extremity residual limbs. Ulcers, irritations, inclusion cysts, calluses, and verrucous hyperplasia were the five most common skin problems representing 79.5% of all documented skin disorders. Conclusions:This study demonstrated that a wide variety of dermatologic conditions occurred frequently in the lower extremity amputee who functionally used a prosthesis. Five types of skin problems accounted for nearly 80% of the skin lesions identified. Future studies are required to evaluate prevention and management of the most frequent skin problems.
Financial Analysts, Firm Quality, and Social Responsibility

We suggest that financial analysts have an incentive to follow the stocks of socially responsible companies, because such stocks meet the growing demands and psychology of the investment community, who want to combine the usual investment goals with social responsibility. Socially responsible investors prefer to hold stocks of companies they perceive as socially responsible or of high quality. Financial analysts then help brokers' marketing efforts by supplying investors with more analysis for stocks of socially responsible or high-quality companies. Using scores from Fortune surveys on perceptions of community and environmental responsibility as a measure of social responsibility and Fortune survey measures of quality as a measure of company quality, we find evidence that stocks of socially responsible and high-quality companies are indeed followed by more financial analysts. The positive relationship among social responsibility, company quality, and analyst following remains significant even after controlling for the effects on analyst following of firm size, share price, the volatility of stock returns, and market-to-book value of equity.
From developmental to regulatory state? Japan's new financial regulatory system

Abstract Recent financial reforms in Japan and elsewhere in Asia represent, for various authors, a fundamental shift in financial governance and in state–business relations in the region. The old ‘developmental’ state in East Asia has supposedly made way for a neoliberal ‘regulatory’ state, with its emphases on agency independence and the non-discretionary enforcement of rules. I show in this paper that this interpretation exaggerates the extent of the transformation in the important case of Japan. Although the outward institutional forms of economic governance in Japan, as with many Asian developing countries, has changed dramatically since the mid-1990s, discretion still remains at the core of economic and financial policy. In the area of Japanese banking regulation and supervision, I show how this highly discretionary application and enforcement has been consistent with domestic political pressures. The result is a substantial divergence between superficial convergence upon international regulatory standards and underlying behaviour. I also give reasons why globalization does not mean that this hybrid regulatory model is unsustainable.
A novel framework for enhancement of the low lighting video

A novel and effective framework for the enhancement of low lighting images is proposed in this paper. The novel framework presents an optimized de-haze algorithm on inverted images to enhance the low-dynamic-range images which optimizes the complicated process of computing the parameters A and t(x). The improved gamma correction is used to enhance the image contrast for providing better visual performance. For the noise signal is magnified simultaneously, the guided filter has been adapted for the noise reduction with the green channel as the guided image. The framework can real-time work with its low computational complexity. The luminance enhancement part reveals the relationship between the Retinex and the de-haze algorithm.
Psychosocial correlates of alternate tobacco product use during early adolescence.

BACKGROUND The objective was to assess psychosocial correlates of alternate tobacco product (chew/snuff, cigar, pipe, bidi, kretek) use. METHODS Measures of alternate tobacco product use, cigarette smoking, environmental smoking exposure, and depression were included in a school-based self-report survey completed by 1,107 ninth graders. RESULTS The current (past 30 days) use rate for one or more alternate tobacco products was 8.3% and the current use rate for cigarettes was 11%; 45% of current cigarette smokers also used alternate tobacco products. After controlling for demographic factors and current cigarette smoking, adolescents exposed to peers who smoke and those with greater depressive symptoms were two to three times more likely to currently use an alternate tobacco product than adolescents without exposure to peer smoking and those with lesser depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Social and psychological associations with alternate tobacco product use should be further evaluated as this information could be helpful in developing anti-tobacco messages targeted to high-risk youth.
Subclinical vitamin K deficiency in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Subclinical vitamin K deficiency increasingly is associated with extraosseous calcification in healthy adults. Nondietary determinants of vitamin K status include apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype, which may influence vitamin K transport to peripheral tissues. METHODS Serum phylloquinone concentrations and percentage of uncarboxyated osteocalcin (%ucOC) were measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay in 142 hemodialysis patients, respectively. ApoE phenotype was determined by means of isoelectric focusing of delipidated serum samples and Western blot analysis. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained by using chart review. RESULTS Mean age was 62.6 +/- 14.8 (SD) years. Mean phylloquinone level was 0.99 +/- 1.12 nmol/L; 29% of patients had levels less than 0.4 nmol/L. There was no association between phylloquinone level and %ucOC. There were positive correlations between phylloquinone and total cholesterol (P = 0.017), triglyceride (P = 0.022), and ionized calcium levels (P = 0.019). There was a negative correlation between phylloquinone level and dialysis adequacy (P = 0.002). Mean %ucOC was 51.1% +/- 25.8%, and 93% of subjects had values greater than 20%. There were positive correlations between %ucOC and dialysis vintage (P < 0.001), phosphate level (P < 0.001), parathyroid hormone level (P < 0.001), albumin level (P = 0.035), and ionized calcium level (P = 0.046). Seventeen percent of patients were apoE4. Mean %ucOC was significantly greater in apoE4 carriers compared with all other apoE phenotypes (60.1% +/- 28.4% versus 47.8% +/- 24.4%; P = 0.035). In multiple regression analysis with phylloquinone level forced in, independent predictors of %ucOC were phosphate level, dialysis vintage, parathyroid hormone level, and apoE4. CONCLUSION These data indicate suboptimal vitamin K status in hemodialysis patients, shown by low phylloquinone concentrations and high %ucOC in 29% and 93% of subjects, respectively. The apoE4 allele influences osteocalcin gamma-carboxylation in hemodialysis patients.
Exploring the Nature of Tourism and Quality of Life Perceptions among Residents

Research on resident attitudes toward tourism has been under way for many years. Implicit in this research is the precept that tourism influences people’s quality of life (QOL). Few studies, however, have directly investigated residents’ perception of the impact tourism has on their QOL, and relationships between QOL perceptions and support for tourism in the community. This study is an attempt to go beyond attitude research and explicitly consider tourism’s influence on QOL. A mail survey was conducted with a random sample of residents throughout Arizona. The questionnaire included three sets of scales combined into an index to measure perceived QOL impacts of tourism. Eight QOL domains were developed. In addition, further analysis found that perceived personal benefit derived from tourism mediated the effect of the economic aspects of QOL, contact with tourists, and employment in tourism on the perceptions of the role of tourism in the local economy.