Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential Relationships Between Diabetes Knowledge Scales and Diabetes Outcomes

Background Diabetes affects more than 29 million people in the US and requires daily self-management in addition to knowledge of the disease. Three knowledge assessments used are the Michigan Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT), Starr County Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ), and Kaiser DISTANCE Survey (DISTANCE). Purpose The purpose of the study was to test the discriminate validity of 3 diabetes knowledge scales and determine which is best associated with diabetes self-care and glycemic control. Methods Three hundred sixty-one adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited from primary care clinics. Four analyses were conducted to investigate the validity and relationships of the scale: alpha statistic to test internal validity, factor analysis to determine how much of the variance was explained, Pearson’s correlation between the 3 scales, and Pearson’s correlation between each scale, self-care, and outcomes. Results The DKQ had an alpha of 0.75, the DKT had an alpha of 0.49, and DISTANCE had an alpha of 0.36. The DKQ was significantly correlated with glycemic control. The DKT scale was significantly associated with general diet, the DISTANCE survey was significantly associated with exercise, and both DKT and DISTANCE were significantly associated with foot care. Conclusion Correlations among the 3 scales were modest, suggesting the scales are not measuring the same underlying construct. These findings indicate that researchers should carefully select scales appropriate for study goals or to appropriately capture the information being sought to inform practice.
Coffee consumption and risk of chronic disease in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)‐Germany study

Early studies suggested that coffee consumption may increase risk of chronic disease. We investigated prospectively the association between coffee consumption and risk of chronic disease (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer) in 42659 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)‐Germany study. Coffee consumption was assessed by self‐administered food frequency questionnaire at baseline and incident cases of chronic disease were identified and medically verified during follow‐up. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression. During 8.9 years of follow‐up, we observed 1432 cases of type 2 diabetes, 704 cases of cardiovascular disease, and 1801 cancer cases as first qualifying event. Coffee consumption was not associated with the overall risk of chronic disease (≥4 cups/d compared to <1 cup/d, HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.84–1.05). We observed an inverse association between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes risk (≥4 cups/d compared to <1 cup/d: HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63–0.94) and no association with risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer (≥4 cups/d compared to <1 cup/d: HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.84–1.44; and HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.83–1.14, respectively). Our data indicate that coffee consumption does not increase risk of chronic disease, but may be linked to lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
Time‐dependent change of in vivo optical imaging of oxidative stress in a mouse stroke model

Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a pivotal role in cellular defense against oxidative stress damage after ischemic stroke. In the present study, we examined the time‐dependent change of in vivo optical imaging of oxidative stress after stroke with Keap1‐dependent oxidative stress detector (OKD) mice. OKD mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 45 min, and in vivo optical signals were detected during the pre‐operative period, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after tMCAO. Ex vivo imaging was performed immediately after obtaining in vivo optical signals at 1 d after tMCAO. Immunohistochemical analyses and infarct volume were also examined after in vivo imaging at each period. The in vivo signals showed a peak at 1 d after tMCAO that was slightly correlated to infarct volume. The strong ex vivo signals, which were detected in the peri‐ischemic area, corresponded to endogenous Nrf2 expression. Moreover, endogenous Nrf2 expression was detected mainly in neurons followed by oligodendrocytes and pericytes, but only slightly in astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells. The present study successfully demonstrated the temporal change of in vivo imaging of oxidative stress after tMCAO, which is consistent with strong expression of endogenous Nrf2 in the peri‐ischemic area with a similar time course. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geoscientific Model Development The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 3 . 0 / 3 . 1 and JULES Global Land 3 . 0 / 3 . 1 configurations

We describe Global Atmosphere 3.0 (GA3.0): a configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) developed for use across climate research and weather prediction activities. GA3.0 has been formulated by converging the development paths of the Met Office’s weather and climate global atmospheric model components such that wherever possible, atmospheric processes are modelled or parametrized seamlessly across spatial resolutions and timescales. This unified development process will provide the Met Office and its collaborators with regular releases of a configuration that has been evaluated, and can hence be applied, over a variety of modelling r égimes. We also describe Global Land 3.0 (GL3.0): a configuration of the JULES community land surface model developed for use with GA3.0. This paper provides a comprehensive technical and scientific description of the GA3.0 and GL3.0 (and related GA3.1 and GL3.1) configurations and presents the results of some initial evaluations of their performance in various applications. It is to be the first in a series of papers describing each subsequent Global Atmosphere release; this will provide a single source of reference for established users and developers as well as researchers requiring access to a current, but trusted, global MetUM setup.
A myriad of roles of miR-25 in health and disease

Small non-coding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently recognized as important regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs play myriads of roles in physiological processes as well as in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases by translational repression or mRNA destabilization of numerous target genes. The miR-106b-25 cluster is highly conserved in vertebrates and consists of three members including miR-106b, miR-93 and miR-25. MiR-106b and miR-93 share the same seed sequences; however, miR-25 has only a similar seed sequence resulting in different predicted target mRNAs. In this review, we specifically focus on the role of miR-25 in healthy and diseased conditions. Many of miR-25 target mRNAs are involved in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium handling, etc. Therefore, it is no surprise that miR-25 has been reported as a key regulator of common cancerous and non-cancerous diseases. MiR-25 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, tubulointerstitial nephropathy, asthma bronchiale, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, etc. MiR-25 is also a well-described oncogenic miRNA playing a crucial role in the development of many tumor types including brain tumors, lung, breast, ovarian, prostate, thyroid, oesophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular cancers, etc. In this review, our aim is to discuss the translational therapeutic role of miR-25 in common diseased conditions based on relevant basic research and clinical studies.
Inventory Announcements, Jump Dynamics and Volatility in U.S. Energy Futures Markets

This paper applies a nonparametric method based on realized and bipower variations calculated from intraday data to identify jumps in daily futures prices of crude oil, heating oil and natural gas contracts traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The sample period of our intraday data covers January 1990 to January 2008. We have obtained several interesting empirical results. (1) Large volatility days are often associated with large jump components and large jump components are often associated with the Energy Information Administration’s inventory announcement dates and other important news related to energy markets. (2) The volatility jump component is less persistent than the continuous sample path component. (3) Volatility and trading volume are higher on days with a jump at the inventory announcement than on days without a jump at the announcement. Furthermore, the intraday volatility returns to normal faster following inventory announcements with jumps than after announcements without jumps.
Retrospective Review of Treponema pallidum PCR and Serology Results: Are Both Tests Necessary?

ABSTRACT There has been a resurgence of syphilis diagnoses in Australia. We investigated whether our Treponema pallidum PCR test provides any additional diagnostic information over syphilis serology (chemiluminescence immunoassay [CMIA], Treponema pallidum particle agglutination [TPPA] assay, and the rapid plasma reagin [RPR] flocculation test). A retrospective audit of all T. pallidum PCR requests that came through our laboratory from January 2010 to June 2017 was conducted; data collected included age, gender, site of swab, and results from T. pallidum PCR, syphilis serology, and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 PCRs. A total of 441 T. pallidum PCR tests were performed; on average, 3 T. pallidum PCRs per month were requested in 2011, and this rate increased to 17.2 requests per month in 2017. A total of 323 patients had both T. pallidum PCR and syphilis serology performed, with 67% of swabs taken from the genitals. T. pallidum PCR gave positive results for 61/323 (19%) patients; of these 61 patients, 59 (97%) also had positive syphilis serology results (T. pallidum PCR sensitivity, 68%; specificity, 99%; positive predictive value, 97%; negative predictive value, 89%). Syphilis serology was positive for 91/323 patients (28%); of these 91 patients, 61 (66%) were also T. pallidum PCR positive (syphilis serology sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 88%; positive predictive value, 60%; negative predictive value, 99%). The Cohen's kappa value was 0.74, indicating substantial agreement between the two tests. Our results show that most patients with positive T. pallidum PCR results also had positive syphilis serology. Therefore, T. pallidum PCR adds little clinical value over serology for the diagnosis of syphilis in certain clinical settings.
The effect of antiviral therapy on serum lipid profiles in chronic hepatitis C

Background Low lipid profile is associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Chronic HCV infection is the main cause of liver injury and serum lipid levels during antiviral treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effect of antiviral treatment on the change of lipid profiles during HCV treatment. Methods Total 863 patients who complete the interferon-based therapy in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital were included in this study. The lipid profile measured and evaluated in baseline and after 6 months of the treatment. Results Sustained virological response (SVR) was achieved in 81.2% of all patients. The baseline triglycerides (TG) levels in the SVR group and non SVR groups were similar. The TG levels at 6 months after cessation of the treatment was significantly elevated in SVR group (102.9±57.0 mg/dL, p=0.0001) but did not elevated in non SVR group (94.5±45.6 mg/dL, p=0.690) compared with baseline TG levels. After adjusting patients by four indexes for fibrosis (FIB4) in cut-off point 3.25, serum TG levels significantly increased in low FIB4 group (103.2±57.9 mg/dL, p=0.0001) but not in high FIB4 group (98.1±49.6 mg/dL, p=0.095) after 6 months end of the treatment. Serum TG level was increased greater in patients who had low FIB4 score and patients who achieved SVR (baseline 89.1±34.8 mg/dL; 6 months after treatment 104.3±59.3 mg/dL, paired T test p=0.0001). Conclusion The clearance of the HCV RNA is the main determinant of the increase of lipids after PegIFN/RBV treatment. However advanced fibrosis also has an effect in increase of lipids after the treatment.
Peste des Petits Ruminants risk factors and space–time clusters in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Using a hospital-based case-control study design, our aim was to identify risk factors for-and space-time clusters of-Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Three hundred and eighty PPR cases diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2014 at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (BAUVTH) were selected; three controls per case from BAUVTH were then selected (n = 1,048). From records, data extracted included information on date of report, location, age, breed, sex and body weight of goats. A mixed multivariable logistic regression model was built to identify risk factors. Location was included as a random effect and season and demographic variables as fixed effects. The approximate geographic coordinates of locations were collected, and the scan statistic (Bernoulli model) was used to identify space-time clusters of PPR. Compared with goats <4 months of age, the odds of PPR were 3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95-4.66), 1.9 (CI: 1.34-2.76) and 1.8 times (95% CI: 1.19-2.58) greater in goats aged 4-6, >6-12 and >12-24 months, respectively. The occurrence of PPR was also significantly higher (odds ratio [OR] 3.2; 95% CI: 1.15-8.59) in the Jamunapari breed than Black Bengals. Significantly higher odds of PPR were observed in winter (OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.06-2.14) and the monsoon season (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.04-2.11) compared with the post-monsoon season. Two significant (p < .05) space-time clusters were identified between 2 December 2006 and 6 September 2007 (two locations) and 28 November 2006 and 13 February 2007 (five locations). Peste des Petits Ruminants is endemic in Bangladesh, but also occurs as discrete outbreaks. Control efforts-such as vaccination-should focus on high-risk groups (4-24 months of age, Jamunapari breed), prior to the onset of winter and the monsoon season so as to increase immunity during high-risk periods, and focus on disease hotspots.
HIV Knowledge, Intoxication, Risky Behaviors, and Sexual Communication among Nigeria University Students

HIV Knowledge, Intoxication, Risky Behaviors, and Sexual Communication among Nigeria University Students by JohnPaul Chukwuemeka Ezeonyido MSW, University of Georgia, 2011 MA, Mt. St. Mary’s University, 2003 BA, Bigard Memorial Seminary, 1997 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Human Services
Training and certification of behaviour analysts in Europe: Past, present, and future challenges

Across many countries in Europe, the last decade has seen a rapid increase in the number of early intervention programmes for children with autism based on applied behaviour analysis, and a related growth in demand for competent behaviour analyst practitioners. There has also been a rapid growth in university-based courses that are focused solely on behaviour analysis, and these have all aligned their curriculum with the Behavior Analyst Certification Board task list. We describe the context of these developments and discuss some of the ways courses have been developed and some of the future challenges to be faced in developing an international profession of behaviour analysis. These have been positive moves for behaviour analysis in Europe. Now there is a solid foundation to continue this work, and to ensure that behaviour analysts play a central role in helping those who need their expertise.
Multicriteria Decision Making Based on Generalized Maclaurin Symmetric Means with Multi-Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Information

In multicriteria decision making (MCDM), multi-hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (MHFLTSs) can eliminate the limitations of hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs) and hesitant fuzzy linguistic sets (HFLSs), and emphasize the importance of a repeated linguistic term (LT). Meanwhile, there is usually an interrelation between criteria. The Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM) operator can capture the interrelationships among multi-input arguments. The purpose of this paper is to integrate MHFLTSs with MSM operators and to solve MCDM problems. Firstly, we develop the generalized MSM operator for MHFLTSs (MHFLGMSM), the generalized geometric MSM operator for MHFLTSs (MHFLGGMSM), the weighted generalized MSM operator for MHFLTSs (WMHFLGMSM) and the weighted generalized geometric MSM operator for MHFLTSs (WMHFLGGMSM), respectively. Then, we discuss their properties and some special cases. Further, we present a novel method to deal with MCDM problems with the MHFLTSs based on the proposed MSM operators. Finally, an illustrative example about how to select the best third-party logistics service provider is supplied to demonstrate the practicality and reliability of the proposed approaches in comparison with some existing approaches.
A Description Of The Characteristics Attributed To Students' Decisions To Teach Agriscience

A major issue facing agricultural education is recruiting qualified young teachers to the profession. Attempts have been made to recruit new teachers by offering scholarship incentives, highlighting teachers at the National FFA Convention, and producing recruitment brochures. This Delphi study attempts to answer questions about how current agriscience teachers encourage their students to pursue careers in teaching. Respondents were teachers (n=11), stratified across six different southern states, who prolifically produced agricultural education students and future teachers. Findings indicated that teachers who serve as role models, build quality programs, and refrain from disparaging remarks and attitudes about the profession encourage students. Students may be enticed to teach if teachers demonstrate high standards, lead in the school and community, and take an interest in all aspects of a student’s life. The research produced five constructs for recruitment of future teachers: encouragement, modeling, career counseling and awareness, program quality, and teacher effectiveness. The most influential constructs were determined to be encouragement and program quality. Career awareness and counseling was the least influential construct.
Weather, labor reallocation and industrial production: evidence from India

Temperature-driven reductions in the demand for agricultural labor are associated with increases in the share of workers engaged in manufacturing, suggesting that the ability of non-agricultural sectors to absorb workers may play a key role in attenuating the economic consequences of weather-driven changes in agricultural productivity. Exploiting firm-level variation in the propensity to absorb these workers, I find that this reallocation is associated with relative expansions in manufacturing activity in exible labor market environments. Counter-factual estimates suggest that in the absence of labor reallocation the aggregate consequences of temperature increases would be up to 40% higher.
Hsa-circRNA11783-2 in peripheral blood is correlated with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the expression characteristics of circular RNAs in the peripheral blood of coronary artery disease patients and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: Circular RNA in the peripheral blood from 6 control individuals, 6 coronary artery disease patients, 6 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 6 coronary artery disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was collected for microarray analysis, and a further independent cohort consisting of 20 normal individuals, 20 type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects and 20 coronary artery disease subjects was used to verify the expression of five circular RNAs chosen for further analysis. The findings were then tested in a third cohort using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: In total, 40 circular RNAs differentially expressed between the three experimental groups and the control group were identified by microarray analysis: 13 were upregulated in the experimental groups, while 27 were downregulated. Of the five circular RNAs chosen for further analysis, three were significantly downregulated in the experimental groups. The crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios of hsa-circRNA11783-2 showed significant differences in both the coronary artery disease group and type 2 diabetes mellitus group. We then verified hsa-circRNA11783-2 in the third cohort, and it remained closely related to both coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Hsa-circRNA11783-2 is closely related to both coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Exploiting Electrical Grid for Accurate and Secure Clock Synchronization

Desynchronized clocks among network nodes in critical infrastructures can degrade system performance and even lead to safety incidents. Clock synchronization protocols based on network message exchanges, though widely used in current network systems, are susceptible to delay attacks against the packet transmission. This vulnerability cannot be solved by conventional security measures, such as encryption, and remains an open problem. This article proposes to use the sine voltage waveform of a utility power grid to synchronize network nodes connected to the same grid. Our experiments demonstrate that minute fluctuations of the voltage’s cycle length encode fine-grained global time information in Singapore’s utility grid. Based on this key result, we develop a clock synchronization approach that achieves good accuracy and is provably secure against packet-delay attacks. Implementation results show that our approach achieves an average synchronization error of 0.1 ms between two network nodes that are deployed in office and residential buildings 10 km apart. When the proposed system is deployed within the same floor of an office building, the error reduces to 10 μs. When there are heavy industrial loads close to one of the two nodes 10 km apart, the system can still maintain subsecond accuracy. Moreover, when the two nodes are deployed within the same building floor with industrial loads nearby, the average synchronization error is 34 μ