Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LIGNOCELLULOSIC FILLER/ RECYCLED HDPE COMPOSITES: EFFECT OF FILLER TYPE ON PHYSICAL AND FLEXURAL PROPERTIES

The aim of the research was to study the potential of lignocellulosic fillers such as flour of rice hull, wood saw dust, sanding flour from Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), and sawdust from particleboard as reinforcement for recycled high density polyethylene. Natural filler HDPE composites were made from recycled HDPE and lignocellulosic fillers at 60% by weight filler loadings using a dry blend/hot press method. In all compounds 3 per hundred compound (phc) Maleic Anhydride Polyethylene (MAPE) was used. Nominal density and dimensions of the panels were 1g/cm3 and 35×35×1 cm. Physical properties of panels including short and long-term of water absorption and thickness swelling and mechanical properties, including flexural modulus, flexural strength, strain at yield, and energy to yield point were studied. Composites containing sanding flour from MDF showed higher short-term values of water absorption and thickness swelling. For the long term, such as maximum values of water absorption and thickness swelling and diffusion coefficient, composites including wood sawdust showed higher values, and composites contain rice hulls exhibited the lowest values. In addition, composites made from sanding flour from MDF showed high value of the swelling rate parameter. Water absorption behavior of studied composites followed Fick's model. The flexural properties of composites were investigated with reference to the effect of filler type. Composites containing sanding flour from MDF and particleboard sawdust exhibited better flexural properties than others and composites containing wood sawdust showed the lowest values.
A NuSTAR SURVEY OF NEARBY ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES

We present a Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Chandra, and XMM-Newton survey of nine of the nearest ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). The unprecedented sensitivity of NuSTAR at energies above 10 keV enables spectral modeling with far better precision than was previously possible. Six of the nine sources observed were detected sufficiently well by NuSTAR to model in detail their broadband X-ray spectra, and recover the levels of obscuration and intrinsic X-ray luminosities. Only one source (IRAS 13120–5453) has a spectrum consistent with a Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (AGN), but we cannot rule out that a second source (Arp 220) harbors an extremely highly obscured AGN as well. Variability in column density (reduction by a factor of a few compared to older observations) is seen in IRAS 05189–2524 and Mrk 273, altering the classification of these borderline sources from Compton-thick to Compton-thin. The ULIRGs in our sample have surprisingly low observed fluxes in high-energy (>10 keV) X-rays, especially compared to their bolometric luminosities. They have lower ratios of unabsorbed 2–10 keV to bolometric luminosity, and unabsorbed 2–10 keV to mid-IR [O iv] line luminosity than do Seyfert 1 galaxies. We identify IRAS 08572+3915 as another candidate intrinsically X-ray weak source, similar to Mrk 231. We speculate that the X-ray weakness of IRAS 08572+3915 is related to its powerful outflow observed at other wavelengths.
Oxalic acid‐mediated stress responses in Brassica napus L.

Oxalic acid (OA) occurs extensively in nature and plays diverse roles, especially in pathogenic processes involving various plant pathogens. However, proteome changes and modifications of signaling and oxidative network of plants in response to OA are not well understood. In order to investigate the responses of Brassica napus toward OA, a proteome analysis was conducted employing 2‐DE with MS/MS. A total of 37 proteins were identified as responding to OA stress, of which 13 were up‐regulated and 24 were down‐regulated. These proteins were categorized into several functional groups including protein processing, RNA processing, photosynthesis, signal transduction, stress response, and redox homeostasis. Investigation of the effect of OA on phytohormone signaling and oxidative responses revealed that jasmonic acid‐, ethylene‐, and abscisic acid‐mediated signaling pathways appear to increase at later time points, whereas those pathways mediated by salicylic acid appear to be suppressed. Moreover, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and oxalic acid oxidase, but not NADPH oxidase, were suppressed by OA stress. Our findings are discussed within the context of the proposed role(s) of OA during infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and subsequent disease progression.
ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN ENDOMETRIOID ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMAS: A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY

Background: This study assesses the expressions of estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrioid carcinomas of the endometrium and their association with established clinicopathological prognostic parameters. Methods: We reviewed the pathology and medical records from 45 cases of endometrioid endometrial carcinomas that were seen from 2006 to 2011 for relevant clinical and histological parameters. Grade I and stage IA tumors were analyzed and compared with higher grades and stages IB- IV. Estrogen and progesterone immunostained slides were analyzed. Results: Patients’ age ranged from 32 to 77 years (mean: 58.13 years). Postmenopausal bleeding was the most common presenting complaint seen in 75.6% of cases. Associated co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension and other malignancies were seen in 88% of cases. Myometrial invasion of less than 50% of myometrial thickness was seen in 70.5% cases. There were 40% of tumors classified as FIGO grade 1 and 65.85% were FIGO stage IA. Estrogen and progesterone expressions were seen in 40 (90%) cases, predominantly in FIGO stage I disease. However there was no statistically significant association of estrogen and progesterone expression with any of the clinicopathological prognostic factors. In 23 of the 30 cases that had follow up data, there was no evidence of disease. Of these, only one case was negative for both hormone receptors. Progesterone positivity alone was seen in 87% of cases with no evidence of disease. Conclusions: Nuclear immunostaining with estrogen and progesterone was seen in the majority of cases (90%). Although we have observed a linear increase in progesterone receptor positivity with disease-free survival, this finding needs to be confirmed with additional, larger studies.
Personality Characteristics as Predictors of Academic Performance of Secondary School Students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of personality characteristics to academic performance of secondary school students. The correlational type of descriptive reseach design was used for the study. Three hundred and ninety eight students constituted the study’s sample. Both the independent and dependent variables were measured with relevant standardized instruments. Two research questions were answered in the study. Findings showed that personality dimentions jointly and relatively predicted academic performance except neuroticism. The findings imply that teachers should construct learning environments that take into consideration students’ individual differences and strengths. Appropriate counselling interventions should be used to assist students experiencing worry, anxiety, frustration and stress to deal with their concerns. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013. v4n2p657
A Common Core Model for Junctionless Nanowires and Symmetric Double-Gate FETs

In this paper, we evidence the link between the planar and cylindrical junctionless field effect transistors (JL-FETs) from the electrostatics and current point of view. In particular, we show that an approximate solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for JL nanowires can be mapped on the planar double-gate topology generating only negligible mismatch, meaning that both devices can share the same core model as far as long channels are considered. These preliminary results are a first step toward a unification of compact models for JL-FETs.
Is growth of eelgrass nitrogen limited? A numerical simulation of the effects of light and nitrogen on the growth dynamics of Zostera marina

: A numerical model of nitrogen uptake and growth was developed for the temperate seagrass Zostera marina L. Goals were to evaluate the relative effects of light and nitrogen availability on nitrogen uptake and partitioning between leaf and root tissue. and to estimate nitrogen concentrations in the sedment and water column required to saturate growth. Steady-state predichons are quite robust with respect to a range of parameter values justified by available data The calculations indicated that roots are probably more important in overall nitrogen acquisition in most light and nitrogen environments encountered in situ, but may contribute less than 50 '/o of the total uptake in low light. The model also predcted amnlonium to be a much more important source of nitrogen than nitrate Nitrogen concentrahons required to saturate growth (even for nitrate) were estimated to be at least 50 % below concentrations commonly reported in situ, an indicat~on that nitrogen limitation of 2. marina is probably very rare in nature.
Interhemispheric Temperature Asymmetry over the Twentieth Century and in Future Projections

The temperature contrast between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres—the interhemispheric temperature asymmetry (ITA)—is an emerging indicator of global climate change, potentially relevant to the Hadley circulation and tropical rainfall. The authors examine the ITA in historical observations and in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5) simulations. The observed annual-mean ITA (northminussouth)hasvariedwithina0.88Crangeandfeaturesasignificantpositivetrendsince1980. TheCMIP multimodel ensembles simulate this trend, with a stronger and more realistic signal in CMIP5. Both ensembles project a continued increase in the ITA over the twenty-first century, well outside the twentieth-century range. The authors mainly attribute this increase to the uneven spatial impacts of greenhouse forcing, which result in amplified warming in the Arctic and northern landmasses. The CMIP5 specific-forcing simulations indicate that, before 1980, the greenhouse-forced ITA trend was primarily countered by anthropogenic aerosols. The authors also identifyan abrupt decrease in theobserved ITA in the late1960s, which is generally not present in the CMIP simulations; it suggests that the observed drop was caused by internal variability. The difference in the strengths of the northern and southern Hadley cells covaries with the ITA in the CMIP5 simulations, in accordance with previous findings; the authors also find an association with the hemispheric asymmetry in tropical rainfall. These relationships imply a northward shift in tropical rainfall with increasing ITA in the twenty-first century, though this result is difficult to separate from the response to global-mean temperature change.
Revisiting the Rebekah of the Book of Jubilees

This chapter reviews the most significant new contributions on Rebekah in Jubilees , which constitutes part of the recent growth in scholarship on the book of Jubilees . Much of this activity is due in no small part to the pioneering work and continual mentoring of scholars and students by Jim VanderKam. The revisiting I envisage, begins with an overview of Rebekah's presentation in Jubilees . It continues by incorporating reflections engendered by newer studies, which contain extended treatment of the Rebekah materials. The chapter begins with two recent approaches to this material, and then continues with an overview of Rebecca's role in Jubilees . Brief suggestions regarding the theological significance of the material conclude this chapter. Keywords:Book of Jubilees ; Rebekah
Laryngeal enhancement in early Germanic

This paper builds on growing evidence that aspirated or fortis obstruents in languages like English and German are laryngeally marked, but that phonetic voicing in the (unmarked) unaspirated or lenis series is contextually determined. Employing the laryngeal feature set proposed by Halle & Stevens (1971), as incorporated into the ‘dimensional theory’ of laryngeal representation (Avery & Idsardi 2001, forthcoming), we develop an explicit account of this phonetic enhancement of phonological contrasts, which is widely known as ‘passive voicing’. We find that both passive voicing and inherent aspiration have been phonetic and phonological characteristics of the Germanic languages since the break-up of Indo-European, with laryngeally unmarked stops repeatedly enhanced by the gesture of [spread glottis]. A key implication of this view is that Verner's Law was not an innovation specifically of early Germanic, but rather is an automatic (ultimately phonologised) reflex of passive voicing, itself a ‘persistent change’ rising out of the enduring ‘base of articulation’ that came to characterise Germanic.
CROP DAMAGE BY OVERABUNDANT POPULATIONS OF NILGAI AND BLACKBUCK IN HARYANA (INDIA) AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Author(s): Chauhan, N. P. S. ; Singh, Ramveer | Abstract: In India, as in other countries, problems associated with locally overabundant wildlife species have emerged as important management issues for reason of some species losing their natural habitat but adapting themselves to the man-altered habitats. Consequently, there is a clash with the interests of local people. Crop-raiding by locally overabundant wild populations of nilgai and blackbuck in Haryana is one such problem analyzed in this paper. Nilgai causes extensive damage to agricultural crops; among these, gram, wheat seedlings and moong are the most preferred ones. Blackbuck nibble mainly on young shoots of various cereal and pulse crops and the damage is much less than caused by nilgai. Possible management strategies such as culling, fencing in nilgai and black buck (enclosures or corrals), and fencing agricultural areas to minimize the problem are suggested. Chain-link fencing of a sizable Reserved Forest (RF) patch, where the animals seek daytime shelter, combined with other local protective methods in the cultivated areas of Nahar hold promise of reducing the pest animal populations. The experiment is likely to establish one approach for dealing with the specific problem in Haryana. This paper discusses agricultural crop-raiding by locally overabundant populations of nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) in several districts of Haryana and the possible management strategies that can limit or reduce the conflict. Based on these strategies, a management experiment is being conducted in one of the districts, namely, Nahar, and its results are presented in this paper.
The Tissue Factor Requirement in Blood Coagulation*

Formation of thrombin is triggered when membrane-localized tissue factor (TF) is exposed to blood. In closed models of this process, thrombin formation displays an initiation phase (low rates of thrombin production cause platelet activation and fibrinogen clotting), a propagation phase (>95% of thrombin production occurs), and a termination phase (prothrombin activation ceases and free thrombin is inactivated). A current controversy centers on whether the TF stimulus requires supplementation from a circulating pool of blood TF to sustain an adequate procoagulant response. We have evaluated the requirement for TF during the progress of the blood coagulation reaction and have extended these analyses to assess the requirement for TF during resupply (“flow replacement”). Elimination of TF activity at various times during the initiation phase indicated: a period of absolute dependence (<10 s); a transitional period in which the dependence on TF is partial and decreases as the reaction proceeds (10–240 s); and a period in which the progress of the reaction is TF independent (>240 s). Resupply of reactions late during the termination phase with fresh reactants, but no TF, yielded immediate bursts of thrombin formation similar in magnitude to the original propagation phases. Our data show that independence from the initial TF stimulus is achieved by the onset of the propagation phase and that the ensemble of coagulation products and intermediates that yield this TF independence maintain their prothrombin activating potential for considerable time. These observations support the hypothesis that the transient, localized expression of TF is sufficient to sustain a TF-independent procoagulant response as long as flow persists.
Age Differences in Susceptibility to Memory Interference During Recall of Categorizable but Not Unrelated Word Lists

The authors examined how divided attention (DA) and aging affect memory, and the use of organizational strategies, during retrieval. Younger and older adults studied a list of either unrelated or categorizable words presented auditorily under full attention, and later recalled them under full attention or DA condition with a word- or digit-monitoring distracting task. The magnitude of memory interference did not interact with age during retrieval of unrelated words. During retrieval of categorizable words, older adults suffered significantly greater memory interference than young in both DA conditions. The number of categories recalled was significantly reduced by the word- but not digit-based distracting task, and this effect did not differ across age groups. The number of words recalled per category was reduced in both DA conditions, in both age groups. Semantic clustering, corrected for total recall score, was reduced in older but not younger adults, in both DA conditions. Findings suggest that older adults cannot make use of strategies, to the same extent as do young, to boost memory for categorized words under DA conditions, leading to amplified memory interference.
Numerical treatment of localized fields in rigorous diffraction theory and its application to light absorption in structured layers

This work provides a contribution to the numerical problem of electromagnetic wave diffraction. For this purpose the widely used rigorous coupled-ave analysis (RCWA) is extended to an efficient treatment of incident light beyond the mere plane-wave input. This is essential for modern optical systems with laser or LED sources, which emit finite beams with various profiles. It thereby enables the rigorous analysis of focused light in structured media like in optical storage technology or in optical waveguide coupling. The new extension also dissolves the RCWA's restriction of handling purely linear polarized light sources. Due to a superior truncation scheme the new method inherently conserves energy during the modal propagation even within absorbing grating structures and despite the necessary numerical truncation. Another part of this work addresses the exact calculation of electromagnetic near fields and local absorption. The results are used to develop a photodetector that is fully compatible with the SOI-CMOS process and does not depend on typical optically active III-V materials. This enables the direct integration of an active, optical component in the manufacturing process of conventional electronic chips and might allow the development of new cost-effective optoelectronic hybrid components in the future, which combine the benefits of both technologies.
Awareness of Occupational Health Hazards among Staff Nurses

This descriptive survey was carried out to investigate the level of awareness about occupational health hazards among nurses at tertiary care hospital karad. The study population consisted of nurses, The simple random sampling technique was employed in Selecting 105 respondents. A validated structured questionnaire with reliability was used to collect information. Data collected were analyzed using the SPSS package. The results revealed that 19.0% of the respondents were males, 81.0% were females of which 56.2%were single, 42.9% were married and 1%were widow. Among the respondents 79% were between 20-30 years of age,6.7% between 31-40 years and 9.5% between 41-50 years while the remaining 4.8% were aged 51 years and above. 69.5% respondents had 0-3 years working experience, 7.6% respondents had 3-5 years, 4.8% respondents had 5-10 years while 18.1% respondents spend 10years and above in the nursing profession. The results showed that in biological hazards the majority samples 83.8% strongly agreed that nurses should be fully immunized against hepatitis B, which indicates that they are aware about immunization and 22.9% samples disagree that is they are unaware about dermatitis because of using latex gloves. In non-biological hazards the majority of samples that is 67.6% strongly agreed that nurses have stress due to lack of rest which indicates that they are aware about the stress due to lack of rest and 31.4% of samples disagree that they were unaware about personal monitoring bandages and pocket dosimeters. Conclusion: Staff nurses continue to face several hazards in their work places. The factors associated with experiencing hazards include not using all necessary protective equipments, working over time, experiencing work related pressures and working in multiple facilities. Interventions should be instituted to mitigate the hazards. Occupational health hazards, many of which are avoidable and preventable while others are inevitable, being parts of the everyday duties. This study showed that there was high degree of awareness regarding occupational health hazards among the staff nurses at tertiary care hospital
The Rents from Trade and Coercive Institutions: Removing the Sugar Coating

The 19th century collapse of world sugar prices should have depressed wages in the British West Indies sugar colonies. It did not. We explain this by showing how lower prices weakened the power of the white planter elite and thus led to an easing of the coercive institutions that depressed wages e.g., institutions that kept land out of the hands of peasants. Using unique data for 14 British West Indies sugar colonies from 1838 to 1913, we examine the impact of the collapse of sugar prices on wages and incarceration rates. We find that in colonies that were poorly suited for sugar cane cultivation (an exogenous colony characteristic), the planter elite declined in power and the institutions they created and supported became less coercive. As a result, wages rose by 20% and incarceration rates per capita were cut in half. In contrast, in colonies that were highly suited for sugar cane there was little change in the power of the planter elite --- as a result, institutions did not change, the market-based mechanisms of standard trade theory were salient, and wages fell by 24%. In short, movements in the terms of trade induced changes in coercive institutions, changes that are central for understanding how the terms of trade affects wages.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber. org.
Alpha-Amylase Starch Binding Domains: Cooperative Effects of Binding to Starch Granules of Multiple Tandemly Arranged Domains

ABSTRACT The Lactobacillus amylovorus alpha-amylase starch binding domain (SBD) is a functional domain responsible for binding to insoluble starch. Structurally, this domain is dissimilar from other reported SBDs because it is composed of five identical tandem modules of 91 amino acids each. To understand adsorption phenomena specific to this SBD, the importance of their modular arrangement in relationship to binding ability was investigated. Peptides corresponding to one, two, three, four, or five modules were expressed as His-tagged proteins. Protein binding assays showed an increased capacity of adsorption as a function of the number of modules, suggesting that each unit of the SBD may act in an additive or synergic way to optimize binding to raw starch.