Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of adding prefermented cereal product containing gamma-linolenic acid to broiler feed on production indicators and fatty acid profile of chicken breast

Administration of Thamnidium elegans for effective utilization of agroindustrial materials (wheat bran) creates new perspectives for animal cereal diet enriched with fungal γ-linolenic acid (GLA). The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of adding prefermented cereal product containing a high amount of gamma-linolenic acid into the feed on broiler chickens’ performance, fatty acids profile and oxidative stability in chilled breast meat. Seventy eight COBB 500 oneday old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups with three replications and fattened for 42 days. During the first 21 days, all broilers consumed the starter diet. After three weeks, broilers were fed the grower diet; controls were fed without the addition of prefermented cereal product; and the experimental group was supplemented with 3% of prefermented product. Higher final body weight (2 688 vs. 2 604 g) and feed conversion ratio were recorded in the experimental group (P > 0.05). The increased GLA content in the experimental diet (0.095 g·kg -1 ) resulted in a significant increase of GLA, dihomo-GLA and arachidonic acid in the lipids of breast muscle tissue (P < 0.05). Adding prefermented product to the feed also resulted in an increase in total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid in lipids of breast (P < 0.05). The experimental diet produced a significant decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio (from 10.00 to 8.14). Storage of breast muscles with a higher PUFA in chilling conditions led to a decrease in oxidative stability when the values of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) increased (P < 0.05). This is a first study using prefermented cereal product for the fattening of broiler chickens. Biotechnology, chicken, meat quality, PUFA, TBARS
Bacterial Uropathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Riyadh Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest infections encountered by clinicians and despite the widespread availability of antimicrobial agents. UTI has become difficult to treat because of appearance of pathogens with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. The aim and objectives of this study were to determine the etiological Bacterial pathogens of the UTI and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pathogens isolated. Results: The present study was carried out from the Central Laboratory of Riyadh Hospital in Saudi Arabia from January 2015 to Jun 2015.Total 116 urine samples were tested bacteriologically and for antibiotic susceptibility using standard procedures. This study describes the relationships between sex, isolated bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance of UTIs. Out of 116 samples of out patients, urinary tract infection (UTI), of these 70(60.35%) belonged to female and 46(39.66%) samples belonged to male patients, while adult patients included (22.41%) of female as well as male patients with the same percentage. It was found that old adult women have a higher prevalence of UTI than men. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (78.45%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.56 %) amongst the gram-negative bacilli. Also, the results showed that, E. coli occurred more frequently in women (50%) than in men (28.45%). All isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were high susceptible to Meropenem, Imipenem, Colistin, Ertapenem and Amikacin. Conclusions: This study showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogens and showed increasing resistance pattern to the commonly prescribed drugs in private practice that in turn leaves the clinicians with very few alternative options of drugs for the treatment of UTIs.
Chapter 1 Soil Quality Management – Concepts and Terms

The industrialization of agriculture and the concurrent increase in societal concerns on environmental protection and food quality have put the focus on agricultural management and its impact on soil quality. Soil quality involves the ability of the soil to maintain an appropriate productivity, while simultaneously reducing the effect on the environment and contributing to human health. This development has changed society’s expectations of science and there is an urgent need to improve the communication among researchers from different scientific disciplines. The interaction of scientists with decision makers is a topic of utmost relevance for future developments in agriculture. Reflexive objectivity denotes the exercise of raising one’s consciousness of the cognitive context, i.e. societal priorities, and the values and goals of the researcher. The term sustainability comprehends the priorities in the cognitive context and thus constitutes a valuable tool for expressing the basis of scientific work. Soil quality evaluations should include awareness of the stability of any given quality attribute to disturbance and stress. This implies addressing resistance and resilience of the soil functions and/or the physical form in question. Most existing literature on soil quality focuses on assessment of soil quality rather than the management tools available to influence soil quality. Identification of management thresholds rather than soil-quality indicator thresholds is suggested as an important means of implementing the soil quality concept. The major challenges facing modern agriculture include proper nutrient cycling, maintained functions and diversity of soil, protection of an appropriate physical form and avoidance of chemical contamination. It is suggested that these challenges and problems as related to the soil quality concept are discussed in the framework expounded above.
Role of Smad 1 and Smad 4 proteins in the induction of p 21 WAF 1 , Cip 1 during bone morphogenetic protein-induced growth arrest in human breast cancer cells

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factorfamily of cytokines. The recent observation that BMPs can inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro suggests that BMPs or the BMP pathway may hold promise as therapeutic targets for the control of breast tumor growth in women. Better to understand the mechanism of BMP-induced growth arrest we examined the effect of BMP-2 and mediators of BMP-2 action on cell proliferation and p21 expression in breast cancer cell lines. We show here that BMP-2 potently inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines that express both Smad1 and Smad4 (CAMA-1, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, T-47D, ZR-75-1), but not that of cells that only express Smad1 (MDA-MB-468). Growth inhibition correlated with up-regulation of p21 mRNA and protein levels. Up-regulation of p21 was resistant to cycloheximide but not to actinomycin D, suggesting that it occurred at the transcriptional level. Using p21 promoter-luciferase reporter constructs we mapped the BMP-responsive region of the p21 promoter to within 211 base pairs of the transcription start site. Induction of p21 promoter activity was rapid and coincided with up-regulation of p21 mRNA and protein levels. p21 promoter activity required both Smad1 and Smad4 and was induced by either BMP-2 or constitutively active type I BMP receptors. Moreover, the C-terminal SSVS region of Smad1 was necessary for activation of the p21 promoter by BMP-2. Taken together, these results indicate that the mechanism of BMP-induced p21 promoter activation involves BMP receptors and BMP Smads. Journal of Endocrinology (2002) 172, 187–198
On integration in vector spaces

Introduction. Several authors ([3]-[10], inclusive; [15])t have already given generalized Lebesgue integrals for functions x(s) whose values lie in a Banach space (B-space) X. : In the following pages another definition,? based on the linear functionals over X and on the ordinary Lebesgue integral,11 will be given and its properties and relationships to other integrals discussed. We consider functions x(s) defined to a B-space I= [x] from an abstract space S = [s] possessing both a c-field z of "measurable" sets having S as an element and a non-negative bounded c.a. (completely additive) "measure" function a(E) defined over 1. Notational conventions are as follows: X denotes the B-space conjugate to X ([1], p. 188), f=f(x), g=g(x), . denote elements of X, and F = F(f), G = G(f), elements of X, the conjugate space of XE; and for real-valued functions Greek letters will be used. When the abstract functions x(s), y(s), , or the real functions 0(s), 4t(s), are considered as elements of a functional space, they will sometimes be written x(:), y(:) or 0(:), iV(:). The "zero" element of X will be denoted by 0. The contents of the paper may be outlined as follows. The first section compares measurability of functions under the strong and weak topologies of X. The second defines the (X) integral and utilizes an essential lemma, first stated by Orlicz, to prove the complete additivity and absolute continuity of the integral. The linear operations from LP to X and from X to LP defined by integrable functions are investigated in ? 3, and these results are expressed in terms of real-valued kernels in ? 7. Approximation and convergence theorems occupy ? 4 and lead to ? 5 and the relationships between the (X) integral and the integrals given by other definitions. A few remarks on completely continuous transformations and on differentiation account for ? 6 and 8, respectively, and four examples form ? 9. In conclusion a few open questions are cited.
Photothermal actuation of V O2:Cr-coated microcantilevers in air and aqueous media

A silicon cantilever coated with a Cr-doped vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin film was photothermally actuated with a red pulsed laser in order to study its dynamic performance in air and in water. Very high cantilever vibration amplitudes were obtained in air (∼46.8 μm) up to 500 Hz, while in water a decrease in amplitude was observed from the starting pulse frequency of 1 Hz with relatively high amplitudes (−3 dB) up to ∼10 Hz. Although fluid drag was found to have no effect on the cantilever response through the measured frequency range in either media, numerical simulations show that heat dissipation through the anchor and the surrounding fluid was the cause of the amplitude reduction observed. These results suggest the use of Cr-doped VO2-coated cantilevers as optically driven actuators with high deflections in liquid media.
Multiwavelength spectral evolution during the 2011 outburst of the very faint X-ray transient Swift J1357.2−0933

We report our multiwavelength study of the 2011 outburst evolution of the newly discovered black hole candidate X-ray binary Swift J1357.2−0933. We analysed the Swift X-ray Telescope and Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) data taken during the ∼7 months duration of the outburst. It displayed a 2–10 keV X-ray peak luminosity of ∼10 35 (D/1.5 kpc) 2 erg s −1 , which classifies the source as a very faint X-ray transient. We found that the X-ray spectrum at the peak was consistent with the source being in the hard state, but it softened with decreasing luminosity, a common behaviour of black holes returning to quiescence from the hard state. The correlations between the simultaneous X-ray and ultraviolet/optical data suggest a system with a black hole accreting from a viscous disc, and we do not detect X-ray reprocessing on the disc surface. The UVOT filters provide the opportunity to study these correlations up to ultraviolet wavelengths, a regime so far unexplored. If the black hole nature is confirmed, Swift J1357.2−0933 would be one of the very few established black hole very-faint X-ray transients.
Managerial Attributes and Executive Compensation

We study the role of firm- and manager-specific heterogeneities in executive compensation. We decompose the variation in executive compensation and find that time invariant firm and especially manager fixed effects explain a majority of the variation in executive pay. We then show that in many settings, it is important to include fixed effects to mitigate potential omitted variable bias. Furthermore, we find that compensation fixed effects are significantly correlated with management styles (i.e., manager fixed effects in corporate policies). Finally, the method used in the paper has a number of potential applications in financial economics.
Dispersal and productivity of Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon colonizing newly accessible habitat

Following construction of a fish ladder at Landsburg Diversion Dam on the Cedar River, Washington, USA, in fall 2003, we used DNA-based parentage to identify second generation Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon as recruits that were produced above the dam or “strays” dispersing into the new habitat that were produced elsewhere. For both species, strays colonized immediately but decreased as a proportion of the total run over time. Chinook salmon strays were more numerous in years when the species was more abundant below the dam and included a much larger proportion of hatchery origin salmon than did coho salmon. Productivity, calculated as the ratio of female recruits sampled at the dam to female spawners, exceeded replacement in all four coho salmon cohorts but only two of five Chinook salmon cohorts, leading to more rapid population expansion of coho salmon. However, estimates of fishing mortality and recruitment into the Cedar River below the dam substantially inc.
Characteristic classes of real manifolds immersed in complex manifolds

Let M be a compact, orientable, k-dimensional real differentia- able manifold and N an n-dimensional complex manifold, where k > n. Given an immersion t: M -- N, a point x E M is called an RC-singular point of the immersion if the tangent space to t(M) at L(x) contains a complex subspace of dimension > k - n. This paper is devoted to the study of the cohomological properties of the set of RC-singular points of an immersion. When k = 2n - 2, the following formula is obtained:
Influence of pore friction on the universal aspects of driven polymer translocation

We derive a scaling ansatz for the mean first passage time (MFPT) τ of a driven polymer chain through a nanopore as a function of the chain length N, the external bias f, and the effective pore-polymer friction η, and demonstrate that the pore-polymer interaction, which we introduce as a correction term to asymptotic scaling, is responsible for the dominant finite-size effect. This ansatz provides a simple procedure to extract the asymptotic τ in the large-N limit from a finite chain length data (obtained either from experiment or simulation) by eliminating the correction-to-scaling term. We validate the ansatz applying it on a large set of data for τ obtained using Brownian dynamics (BD) and Brownian dynamics tension propagation (BDTP) simulation results (Ikonen T. et al., Phys. Rev. E, 85 (2012) 051803; J. Chem. Phys., 137 (2013) 085101) for a variety of combination for N, f, and η. As an important practical application we demonstrate how the rescaling procedure can be used to quantitatively estimate the magnitude of the pore-polymer interaction from simulations or experimental data. Finally, we extend the BDTP theory to incorporate Zimm dynamics and find that the asymptotic results for τ (or the translocation exponent) remains unaltered with the inclusion of the hydrodynamics interactions (HI), although the convergence is slower than what we observe for Rouse dynamics. Using the rescaling ansatz we find that these new findings are in good agreement with the existing experimental results as well as with lattice Boltzmann results for driven polymer translocation (PT) for small N.
DOES THE INTERMEDIATE-MASS BLACK HOLE IN LEDA 87300 (RGG 118) FOLLOW THE NEAR-QUADRATIC Mbh–Mspheroid RELATION?

The mass scaling relation between supermassive black holes and their host spheroids has previously been described by a quadratic or steeper relation at low masses (105 < Mbh/M⊙ ≲ 107). How this extends into the realm of intermediate-mass black holes (102 < Mbh/M⊙ < 105) is not yet clear, although for the barred Sm galaxy LEDA 87300, Baldassare et al. recently reported a nominal virial mass of Mbh = 5 × 104 M⊙ residing in a “spheroid” of stellar mass equal to 6.3 × 108 M⊙. We point out, for the first time, that LEDA 87300 therefore appears to reside on the near-quadratic Mbh–Msph,* relation. However, Baldassare et al. modeled the bulge and bar as the single spheroidal component of this galaxy. Here we perform a 3-component bulge+bar+disk decomposition and find a bulge luminosity which is 7.7 times fainter than the published “bulge” luminosity. After correcting for dust, we find that Mbulge = 0.9 × 108 M⊙ and Mbulge/Mdisk = 0.04—which is now in accord with ratios typically found in Scd–Sm galaxies. We go on to discuss slight revisions to the stellar velocity dispersion (40 ± 11 km s−1) and black hole mass ( M bh = 2.9 − 2.3 + 6.7 × 10 4 f 2.3 M ⊙ ? > ) and show that LEDA 87300 remains consistent with the Mbh–σ relation, and also the near-quadratic Mbh–Msph,* relation when using the reduced bulge mass. LEDA 87300 therefore offers the first support for the rapid but regulated (near-quadratic) growth of black holes, relative to their host bulge/spheroid, extending into the domain of intermediate-mass black holes.
The Holy Grail and the Bad Sampling: a test for the homogeneity of missing proportions for evaluating the agreement between peer review and bibliometrics in the Italian research assessment exercises

Two experiments for evaluating the agreement between bibliometrics and informed peer review - depending on two large samples of journal articles - were performed by the Italian governmental agency for research evaluation. They were presented as successful and as warranting the combined use of peer review and bibliometrics in research assessment exercises. However, the results of both experiments were supposed to be based on a stratified random sampling of articles with a proportional allocation, even if solely subsets of the original samples in the strata were selected owing to the presence of missing articles. Such a kind of selection has the potential to introduce biases in the results of the experiments, since different proportions of articles could be missed in different strata. In order to assess the 'representativeness' of the sampling, we develop a novel statistical test for assessing the homogeneity of missing proportions between strata and we consider its application to data of both experiments. Outcome of the testing procedure show that the null hypotesis of missing proportion homogeneity should be rejected for both experiments. As a consequence, the obtained samples cannot be considered as 'representative' of the population of articles submitted to the research assessments. It is therefore impossible to exclude that the combined use of peer review and bibliometrics might have introduced uncontrollable major biases in the final results of the Italian research assessment exercises. Moreover, the two experiments should not be considered as valid pieces of knowledge to be used in the ongoing search of the Holy Grail of a definite agreement between peer review and bibliometrics.
Breeding Phenology and Reproductive Strategies in Terrestrial Isopod Species (Crustacea Isopoda Oniscidea) from Tunisia

Reproduction in terrestrial isopods has been dealt with in numerous studies (summarized in Dangerfield and Telford, 1995). There are remarkable variations in breeding phenology between species (Sutton et al., 1984, Warburg, 1987) and between different populations of the same species (SoutyGrosset et al., 1988). Even within the same population, annual variations have been described (Zimmer and Brauckmann, 1997). A characteristic of many populations, especially those in seasonal environments, is that reproduction is frequently confined to a distinct breeding season or period. These periods are usually located in those months when physical conditions are less severe. It is often an implicit assumption that there is an optimal time of year for release of an individual’s offspring, when the physical and biotic environment is most suitable (Willows, 1984).
Bypass transition to turbulence and the anatomy of turbulent spots

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Redistribution from the Cradle to the Grave: A Unified Approach to Heterogeneity in Age, Income and Wealth

This paper studies the macroeconomic and cross-sectional consequences of redistributive fiscal policy, with a focus on pensions. Evidence suggests that transfers crowd out private savings heterogeneously across household income, wealth, and age groups. These changes cumulate to dynamic effects on the wealth distribution, which must be taken into account for policymakers with distributional goals. To quantify these channels, I build an overlapping generations heterogeneous agent model based on continuous time methods, joining canonical mechanisms of lifecycle behavior and precautionary savings. Despite its parsimony, the model yields empirically realistic distributions of savings and of the cross-sectional impact of pension reform. I use it to make two main contributions. First, I quantify the cross-sectional impact on savings of pension reform. Adjustment is concentrated among workers in lower-middle wealth groups. Richer households are indifferent about transfers, while the poorest are constrained. Thus, the equilibrium real rate stays largely unchanged, supporting previous efforts which studied these effects in partial equilibrium. Second, in a transition experiment I show that raising social security benefits leads wealth inequality to fall in the short run, but to grow past its original level after fifteen years -- even if the accompanying tax increase is progressive. This follows from lower-middle workers reducing savings most strongly. Means-testing amplifies this effect. Progressive transfers to young workers have similar impact, but through different channels. Transfers encourage riskier portfolios, however crowding out is weaker since it is easier to save than to borrow.