Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The human cadaver in the age of biomedical informatics

Major national and international critiques of the medical curriculum in the 1980s noted the following significant flaws: (1) over‐reliance on learning by rote memory, (2) insufficient exercise in analysis and synthesis/conceptualization, and (3) failure to connect the basic and clinical aspects of training. It was argued that the invention of computers and related imaging techniques called to question the traditional instruction based on the faculty‐centered didactic lecture. In the ensuing reform, which adopted case‐based, small group, problem‐based learning, time allotted to anatomical instruction was severely truncated. Many programs replaced dissection with prosections and computer‐based learning. We argue that cadaver dissection is still necessary for (1) establishing the primacy of the patient, (2) apprehension of the multidimensional body, (3) touch‐mediated perception of the cadaver/patient, (4) anatomical variability, (5) learning the basic language of medicine, (6) competence in diagnostic imaging, (7) cadaver/patient‐centered computer‐assisted learning, (8) peer group learning, (9) training for the medical specialties. Cadaver‐based anatomical education is a prerequisite of optimal training for the use of biomedical informatics. When connected to dissection, medical informatics can expedite and enhance preparation for a patient‐based medical profession. Actual dissection is equally necessary for acquisition of scientific skills and for a communicative, moral, ethical, and humanistic approach to patient care. Anat Rec (New Anat) 269:20–32, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total and yeast assimilable nitrogen composition in grape juices of three grapevine cultivars as affected by vineyard nitrogen fertilization

Nitrogen fertilization is one of the common agrotechnical practices in vitculture, by which we can achieve higher content of nitrogen compounds in grapes. The purpose of this research was to determinate the influence of nitrogen fertilization on total nitrogen, free amino nitrogen and ammonia composition in grapes of Chardonnay, Italian Riesling and White Riesling cultivars. Research was laid out in the 2006 and 2007. Experiment was random block design with 3 repetitions, and fertilization was in the form of urea, as follows: 0 kg/ha - K, 51 kg/ha (23 kg N/ha) –N1, 152 kg/ha (70 kg N/ha) – N2 te 254 kg/ha (117 kg N/ha) –N3. The grapes were harvested according to repetitions. The obtained research results indicated a positive effect of nitrogen fertilization on all of examined nitrogen compounds.
Capturing intellectual capital with an institutional repository at a business school in India

Purpose – Digital repositories are emerging technologies for knowledge sharing and management in academic institutions. Digital repositories collect, store, preserve, index and share the intellectual capital of faculty and research staff, namely their scholarly publications and teaching material. In a developing country like India, capturing this intellectual capital is becoming important and unavoidable for business schools. Creation of a digital archive for scholarly and teaching material is a growing requirement and is feasible assuming faculties use digital resources for their creation and are ready to share them. The paper aims to discuss a survey conducted and a pilot implementation of an institutional repository at the Icfai Business School (Business School Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India), Ahmedabad, India.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted at the Icfai Business School, with the questionnaire being used as a tool to collect data, to determine the usage of digit.
A Prospective Evaluation of Circulating Tumor Cells and Cell-Free DNA in EGFR-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Erlotinib on a Phase II Trial

Purpose: Genotype-directed therapy is the standard of care for advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but obtaining tumor tissue for genotyping remains a challenge. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) or cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis may allow for noninvasive evaluation. This prospective trial evaluated CTCs and cfDNA in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients treated with erlotinib until progression. Experimental Design: EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients were enrolled in a phase II trial of erlotinib. Blood was collected at baseline, every 2 months on study, and at disease progression. Plasma genotyping was performed by droplet digital PCR for EGFR19del, L858R, and T790M. CTCs were isolated by CellSave, enumerated, and analyzed by immunofluorescence for CD45 and pan-cytokeratin and EGFR and MET FISH were also performed. Rebiopsy was performed at disease progression. Results: Sixty patients were enrolled; 44 patients discontinued therapy for disease progression. Rebiopsy occurred in 35 of 44 patients (80%), with paired CTC/cfDNA analysis in 41 of 44 samples at baseline and 36 of 44 samples at progression. T790M was identified in 23 of 35 (66%) tissue biopsies and 9 of 39 (23%) cfDNA samples. CTC analysis at progression identified MET amplification in 3 samples in which tissue analysis could not be performed. cfDNA analysis identified T790M in 2 samples in which rebiopsy was not possible. At diagnosis, high levels of cfDNA but not high levels of CTCs correlated with progression-free survival. Conclusions: cfDNA and CTCs are complementary, noninvasive assays for evaluation of acquired resistance to first-line EGFR TKIs and may expand the number of patients in whom actionable genetic information can be obtained at acquired resistance. Serial cfDNA monitoring may offer greater clinical utility than serial monitoring of CTCs. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6010–20. ©2016 AACR.
Functionality of hearing aids: state-of-the-art and future model-based solutions

Abstract A review about technical and perceptual factors in hearing aid technology, research and development is provided, covering current commercial solutions, underlying models of hearing loss for usage in hearing devices and emerging future technical solutions for hearing aid functionalities. A chain of techniques has provided incremental, but steady increases in user benefit, e.g. in the fields of hearing aid amplification, feedback suppression, dynamic compression, noise reduction and situation adaptation. The models describing the perceptual consequences of sensorineural hearing impairment describe the effects on the acoustical level, the neurosensory level and the cognitive level and provide the framework for compensatory (or even substitutional) functions of hearing aids in terms of the attenuation component, the distortion component and the neural component of the hearing loss. A major factor is the requirement of a strong individualisation of hearing aid solutions calling for an appropriate assessment of the different sensorineural components of a hearing loss, especially with respect to bilateral and binaural hearing aid solutions.
Fetal Risk Associated With Rubella Vaccination During Pregnancy

Background: Costa Rica implemented a nationwide measles-rubella vaccination campaign among men and women (15–39 years old) in May 2001. A protocol was developed to follow-up the vaccinated women who were unknowingly pregnant, to determine the risk of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) or congenital rubella infection only associated with the administration of the rubella vaccine RA27/3 during pregnancy. Methods: To classify the prevaccination maternal immune status, a serum sample was taken at the initial evaluation to detect IgM and IgG rubella antibodies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). All pregnancies were followed up and all newborns were evaluated. A cord serum sample of their children was taken at birth. We calculated odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) associated with miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and the presence of defects compatible with CRS. Results: The prevaccination immune status was established in 797 women and 1191 mother and child pairs were analyzed. Adjusted OR for miscarriage (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.26–1.39), stillbirth (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.10–16.81), prematurity (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.03–2.39), low birth weight (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.03–2.23) and defects compatible with CRS (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.34–3.54) showed no association between immune and susceptible maternal status. There were no cases of CRS and no children were IgM positive. Conclusions: No adverse pregnancy outcome such as miscarriages or CRS was documented in women who were vaccinated and unknowingly pregnant. These results support RA27/3 rubella vaccine safety.
Body Mass Index and Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: A higher body mass index (BMI) seems to be linked to survival advantage in maintenance hemodialysis patients. However, it is uncertain if this ‘obesity survival paradox' is also observed in kidney transplant recipients. Hence, we systematically reviewed the literature on the impact of pre-transplantation BMI on all-cause mortality in this population. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL for relevant studies up to July 2013. Two investigators independently selected the studies using predefined criteria, abstracted the data from the included studies, and independently assessed each study's quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. In addition to the qualitative synthesis, we quantitatively pooled the results of the studies with clinical, methodological, and statistical homogeneity. Results: We screened 7,123 records, from which we included 11 studies (with a total of 305,392 participants) in this systematic review and 4 studies in the meta-analyses. In the only study that included children, obesity was linked to higher mortality in children of 6-12 years old. For adults, our meta-analyses indicated that compared to normal BMI, underweight [Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.09; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02-1.20], overweight (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04-1.12), and obese (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.14-1.23) levels of BMI were associated with higher mortality. Conclusion: The presence of the obesity survival paradox is unlikely in kidney transplant recipients since both extremes of pre-transplantation BMI are linked to higher mortality in this population.
Glycosaminoglycans of the human trabecular meshwork in primary open-angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) contribute to the filtration barrier of aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork (TM). The purpose of this biochemical study was to identify the type and amount of GAGs in normal and in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) TM and adjacent anterior segment structures. METHODS The GAGs of 21 masked individual normal and POAG human TMs, as well as iris, ciliary body, and anterior sclera, were isolated biochemically, identified by selective GAG-degrading enzymes, and quantitated by computer-enhanced densitometry. RESULTS In 10 normal TMs (8 donors, 65 to 83 years of age), the GAG profile was: hyaluronic acid (0.77 +/- 0.26 ng/microgram dry-defatted weight +/- SEM); chondroitin 4(6-) sulfates and dermatan sulfate, collectively referred to as chondroitin sulfates (1.90 +/- 0.13 ng); keratan sulfates (0.33 +/- 0.06 ng); heparitin sulfates (2.02 +/- 0.52 ng); GAG enzyme-resistant material (0.02 +/- 0.01 ng); and total GAGs (5.05 +/- 0.70 ng). In 10 POAG TMs (6 donors, 67 to 88 years of age), the GAG profile was: hyaluronic acid (0.18 +/- 0.11 ng; P < 0.02, a 77% decrease; 6 of 10 TMs contained no detectable hyaluronic acid); chondroitin sulfates (2.39 +/- 0.31 ng); keratan sulfates (0.21 +/- 0.06 ng); heparitin sulfates (1.36 +/- 0.43 ng); GAG enzyme-resistant material (0.08 +/- 0.01 ng; P < 0.02); and total GAGs (4.09 +/- 0.33 ng; statistically insignificant). In the POAG iris, hyaluronic acid content was less (82% decrease, P < 0.02), and the chondroitin sulfates content was higher (72% increase, P < 0.02). Similarly, the POAG ciliary body and anterior sclera contained less hyaluronic acid and more chondroitin sulfates. The GAG profile of a "glaucoma suspect" donor specimen was similar to that of the POAG donor specimen. CONCLUSIONS The data provide the first quantitative biochemical profiles of GAGs of individual normal and POAG TM, and we suggest that a depletion of hyaluronic acid and the accumulation of chondroitin sulfates may increase aqueous outflow resistance in the POAG TM:
Power Aware NUMA Scheduler in VMware's ESXi Hypervisor

Virtualized platforms have emerged as the top solution for cloud computing, especially in today's power-constrained data centers. Virtualization helps save power and energy by allowing physical machines to be replaced by virtual machines (VMs) and then consolidated onto a smaller number of physical hosts. The number of physical hosts that are powered on can even be dynamically varied, as with VMware's Distributed Power Management (DPM) feature. At a lower level, it remains valuable to manage power usage within each individual host, and typical systems, including VMware's ESXi hypervisor, do so by adjusting each processor's P-states (frequency and voltage states) and Cstates (idle states) according to the demands of the current workload. With current NUMA systems, however, there is an intermediate level of power management possible that has gone largely unexplored. In this paper we propose to optimize the placement of virtual machines on NUMA enabled systems, such that the overall energy consumption of the virtualized system is reduced with minimal impact on VM performance. Our heuristics exploit a relatively new CPU hardware feature, called independent package C-states. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first work on making a NUMA scheduler power-aware by exploiting independent package C-states. We implemented a simple heuristic in ESXi and observed power savings of up to 26% and energy efficiency improvements of up to 30% using four realistic workloads and two micro-benchmarks.
Gross/Histopathological Impact of Salmonella Gallinarum Isolated from Layer Chickens in Jaipur and their Antibiogram Assay

The study was conducted from April 2009 to March 2010 to assess the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of eight Salmonella Gallinarum strains recovered from various sources in Jaipur of India by testing with eight different antimicrobials by disc diffusion method where the isolates showed least sensitive to tetracycline. Gross lesions incriminated to the pathogen, were comprised of caseous enteritis, hepatic necrosis, necrotizing myocarditis and oophoritis. Histopathological investigation revealed passive congestion of the visceral organs. Degenerative changes in hepatic lobules and consequential destruction of architectural arrangement of hepatocytes, necrotic foci in the enteric mucosa and in hepatic tissues were seen. Ovaries showed fibrinosuppurative to pyogranulomatous inflammation of ovarian follicles characterised by necrosis and fibrinosuppurative inflammation mixed with bacteria within the ovules to chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation. Heart characterised by locally extensive foci of myofibre necrosis with infiltration of heterophils mixed with few lymphocytes and plasma cells.
Why Are Some Ethnic Groups More Violent Than Others? The Role of Friendship Network’s Ethnic Composition

Ethnic differences in violent behavior can be found in official crime statistics, as well as in surveys on juvenile delinquency. To explain these differences, research mainly focuses on factors like parental violence, violence legitimizing norms of masculinity, or socio-economic status. Little research has examined the role of friendship network’s ethnic composition on ethnic differences in violent behavior, although different sociological and criminological theories suggest that the composition of friendship networks can play an important role for attitudes and behavior of its members. Using data of a survey conducted in 2006 among all ninth-grade pupils in Hanover (Germany), we investigated the influence of friendship network’s ethnic composition on violent behavior in general, and on ethnic differences in violent behavior in particular. Due to the specific sampling procedure, it was also possible to look for neighborhood effects both on (ethnic differences in) juvenile delinquency and friendship network composition. Findings indicate that there are significant differences in the network composition across the ethnic groups. After controlling for these network characteristics, ethnic differences in violent behavior disappeared. Furthermore, the results show that the friendship network’s ethnic composition also depends on community characteristics.
What patients want to know about their medications. Focus group study of patient and clinician perspectives.

OBJECTIVE To describe what patients want to know about their medications and how they currently access information. To describe how physicians and pharmacists respond to patients' information needs. To use patients', physicians', and pharmacists' feedback to develop evidence-based treatment information sheets. DESIGN Qualitative study using focus groups and a grounded-theory approach. SETTING Three regions of Canada (British Columbia, Nova Scotia, and Ontario). PARTICIPANTS Eighty-eight patients, 27 physicians, and 35 pharmacists each took part in one of 19 focus groups. METHOD Purposeful and convenience sampling was used. A trained facilitator used a semistructured interview guide to conduct the focus groups. Analysis was completed by at least two research-team members. MAIN FINDINGS Patients wanted both general and specific information when considering medication treatments. They wanted basic information about the medical condition being treated and specific information about side effects, duration of treatment, and range of available treatment options. Physicians and pharmacists questioned the amount of side-effect and safety information patients wanted and thought that too much information might deter patients from taking their medications. Patients, physicians, and pharmacists supported the use of evidence-based treatment information sheets. CONCLUSION Patients and clinicians each appear to have a different understanding of what and how much information patients should receive about medications. Feedback from patients can be used to develop patient-oriented treatment information.
Evaluation of total and corneal wavefront high order aberrations for the detection of forme fruste keratoconus.

PURPOSE To investigate the application of anterior corneal and ocular aberrations in detecting mildly ectatic corneas. METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed the data of 220 eyes separated into three groups by the NIDEK Corneal Navigator System automated corneal classification software: normal (N) (n = 123); forme fruste keratoconus (N topography with contralateral KC) (n = 34); and KC (n = 63). Anterior corneal and ocular aberrations were obtained with the optical path difference scan and compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Evaluation of these data to discriminate between the three groups was assessed using a Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Corneal and ocular tilt, vertical coma, and trefoil were significantly different in the FFKC as compared with the N group. The discriminant functions between the FFKC and the N group, and between the KC and the N group reached an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.98 and 0.96, respectively. CONCLUSION Indices generated from corneal and ocular wavefront can identify very mild forms of ectasia that may be undetected by Placido-based neural network programs.
Health service consumption and parent reported episodes of illness in children 0-3 years.

OBJECTIVE To describe health service consumption and to find out whether a series of possible explanatory variables can help us to predict the number of contacts among children. DESIGN A prospective study following a cohort of children during the first four years of life. SETTING A municipality in southern Norway. PARTICIPANTS 183 children born in the community from October 1979 to and including December 1980. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Direct and indirect encounters with general practitioners (GPs) from the bills to the national insurance office, outpatient encounters and hospital admissions from the hospital files, and episodes of illness as reported in postal questionnaires to the parents. RESULTS Each child had on average 10.6 GP contacts (2.6 per year), and the frequency of contacts decreased as they grew. Telephone contacts were almost as frequent as consultations at the doctor's surgery, and the doctors made more home visits to the youngest children. Of the contacts, 4/5 took place in the day time, but most of the home visits took place during the evening/night/weekend. Each child had 1.9 hospital contacts in 4 years, i.e. 0.3 admissions and 1.6 outpatient department contacts. The parents reported an average of 11.5 episodes of illness during the period, more than twice as many in the first year as in the last year. Information about sex, duration of breast feeding, smoking in the family, family history of allergy, parents' education, whether in kindergarten, and presence of psychosocial problems cannot help in predicting health care consumption. CONCLUSION The low number of contacts with GPs can partly be explained by the fact that the children also have contact with a well-baby clinic. In our study, a series of possible explanatory factors did not help us to predict the amount of health care consumption during the first four years of life.
Quantification of the Demands During an Ice-Hockey Game Based on Intensity Zones Determined From the Incremental Test Outcomes

Abstract Stanula, A, Gabryś, T, Roczniok, R, Szmatlan-Gabryś, U, Ozimek, M, and Mostowik, A. Quantification of the demands during an ice-hockey game based on intensity zones determined from the incremental test outcomes. J Strength Cond Res 30(1): 176–183, 2016—The purpose of this study was to determine ice-hockey players' playing intensity based on their heart rates (HRs) recorded during a game and on the outcomes of an incremental maximum oxygen uptake test. Sixteen ice-hockey players, members of the Polish national team junior (U20), performed an incremental test to assess their maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) in the 2 week's period preceding 4 games they played at the World Championships. Players' HRs at the first and second ventilatory thresholds obtained during the test were used to determine intensity zones (low, moderate, and high) that were subsequently used to classify HR values recorded during each of the games. For individual intensity zones, the following HRs expressed as mean values and as percentages of the maximal heart rate (HRmax) were obtained: forwards, 143–151 b·min−1 (HRmax, 75.2–79.5%), 152–176 b·min−1 (HRmax, 80.0–92.4%), 177–190 b·min−1 (HRmax, 92.9–100.0%); defensemen, 127–139 b·min−1 (HRmax, 69.4–75.8%), 140–163 b·min−1 (HRmax, 76.4–89.0%), 164–184 b·min−1 (HRmax, 89.5–100.0%). The amounts of time the forwards and defensemen spent in the 3 intensity zones expressed as percentages of the total time of the game were the following: 58.75% vs. 44.29% (low), 21.95% vs. 25.84% (moderate), and 19.30% vs. 29.87% (high). The forwards spent average more time in the low-intensity zone than did the defensemen, with the difference being statistically significant in periods 1 and 2 (61.44% vs. 44.21% at p ⩽ 0.001 and 59.14% vs. 47.23% at p ⩽ 0.01, respectively). The results of the study indicate that a method using aerobic and anaerobic metabolism parameters to determine intensity zones can significantly improve the reliability of evaluation of the physiological demands of the game and can be a useful tool for coaches in managing the training process.