Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of community methadone services in Victoria, Australia: results of a client survey

One hundred and ninety-five metropolitan clients enrolled in the community-based methadone programme in Victoria, Australia were surveyed in order to evaluate client perspectives of methadone treatment delivered from primary health care settings. Results indicated that the average daily methadone dose was 41 mg, ranging from 7 mg to 140 mg. The majority of clients were satisfied with the programme and the services delivered by dispensing pharmacies and prescribing doctors. Most clients were found to have reduced their heroin use and criminal activity since commencing methadone. A number of concerns about the programme were identified, however, including the high proportion of weekly income spent on methadone-related activities and a high use of tranquillizers by clients on higher methadone doses. In general the community-based methadone programme was found to be an acceptable methadone of service delivery to metropolitan clients in Victoria, Australia. [Ezard N, Lintzeris N, Odgers P, Koutroulis G, Muhleisen P, Stowe A, Lanagan A. An evaluation of community methadone services in Victoria, Australia: results of a client survey. Drug Alcohol Rev 1999;18 :417 i423]
“Care Just Changes Your Life”: Factors Impacting upon the Mental Health of Children and Young People with Experiences of Care in Northern Ireland

This paper represents one element of a research project carried out into the mental health needs of children and young people with experiences of care in Northern Ireland. Focusing exclusively on qualitative data collected from 51 young people in care and aftercare, it discusses in the first instance how the challenges and difficulties faced by young people can manifest themselves in feelings and behaviours that may exemplify poor mental well-being. In doing so it provides an understanding of mental health in the context of these young people's lives. Through offering a more detailed account of some of the specific issues that put these young people at increased risk, it highlights areas for further work and consideration as a means of protecting them against these risks. These include: dealing with experiences prior to care; easing and “normalising” the experience of living in care; and enhancing “safety nets” after care. A key objective of the research is to inform policy and practice through the accounts of children and young people. It is argued that more work needs to be done to find creative ways of enhancing the day-to-day experiences of young people while in care and when leaving care.
A comparison of imaging schedules for prostate radiotherapy including online tracking techniques

Abstract Background and purpose: Repeat imaging protocols, specifying imaging frequency and action levels for movement correction, can be used to achieve more accurate targeting of the prostate gland during radiotherapy. We have carried out a study comparing the accuracies of online versus off-line correction strategies which use implanted marker seeds to localize the prostate. Material and methods: Data have been analysed for 60 prostate patients, verified using an online imaging technique. Systematic and random errors have been calculated for a daily imaging protocol and for other common imaging schedules. Resource requirements have been assessed for the daily imaging technique by analysing the in-room timings performed on 10 patients. Results: Daily imaging is beneficial for the majority of patients, an online imaging schedule with a 2 mm action level significantly reducing systematic and random errors. The online imaging can be performed with a 2-minute increase in the standard treatment slot. Conclusions: Online imaging tracking techniques can facilitate margin reduction, which may help to reduce rectal toxicities. The impact on departmental time and resource requirements is modest for the online daily tracking technique with marker seeds and kilovoltage planar imaging.
User acceptance of online system: a study of banking and airline sector

The use of online systems is emerging very rapidly in developing countries. Internet technology becomes the vital part of every business. This study aims to investigate the acceptance rate of an online system by the user to make their transactions online through the internet. This study is based on technology acceptance model (TAM) and proposed a new model for the online system acceptance. The perceived ease of time is a new additive variable in the existing TAM. The research design was based on a survey approach with a sample of 252 users from airline and banking sectors of Pakistan. A questionnaire was administered to collect data from various banks and airlines. The results of this study revealed that perceived ease of time and all independent variables have the significant effect on user acceptance of an online system.
Study of family planning practices with special reference to unmet need among married women in rural area of Amravati district of Maharashtra

Background: At present various active programmes on family planning are running over the few decades but considerate number of people yet not motivated to adopt the family planning in their practical life. The study was conducted to find out the unmet need of family planning among the married woman of reproductive age in a rural area. Methods: Study design: Cross-sectional type of descriptive study. Settings: The study was conducted at Rajurwadi village under Primary Health Unit. Subjects: All the married women of reproductive age, residing in a selected village of Primary Health Unit were selected as the study subject. Results: It was revealed from the present study that 27.7% of the respondents had unmet need for family planning. The reasons for unmet need were lack of knowledge, health concerns & Religious belief. Conclusion: Social correlates like age, religion & literacy sta­tus influenced the unmet needs of family planning. Good quality services and access to convenient methods are important to meet unmet need.
The dental health of Australia's children by remoteness: Child Dental Health Survey Australia 2009

This publication describes the state of dental health of Australian children examined by school dental service staff in 2009 and provides insights into the dental health of rural children. The findings are drawn from the Child Dental Health Survey 2009, in which the data of 87,269 children aged 5-14 from most states and territories, except New South Wales and Victoria, were collected and analysed. Any comparisons with previous years or international statistics should be made with caution due to missing data from New South Wales and Victoria. Dental decay is relatively common among Australian children Just over half (51%) of children aged 6 attending a school dental service had a history of decay in their deciduous ('baby') teeth-that is, 1 or more decayed, missing or filled deciduous teeth (dmft). On average, children aged 6 had 2 or more dmft each (mean dmft = 2.36). Among children aged 12, nearly half (45.0%) had experienced decay in their permanent teeth, with 1 or more decayed, missing or filled permanent teeth (DMFT). On average, children aged 12 had just over 1 affected tooth (mean DMFT = 1.05). A minority of children experience a greater amount of dental decay The one-tenth of children aged 6 with the most extensive history of deciduous tooth decay had almost 10 deciduous teeth affected-more than 4 times the average for children of that age. The one-tenth of children aged 12 with the most extensive history of permanent tooth decay had 4.83 permanent teeth affected-about 4 times the average for children of that age. Dental decay varies across the regions Children who lived in Remote/Very remote areas were at increased risk of dental decay compared with those who lived in Major cities. The mean number of dmft at age 6 and the mean DMFT at age 12 were higher among children in Remote/Very remote areas than among those in Major cities. Conclusions Dental decay was relatively common among Australian children who attended a school dental service. A minority of children still experience a much greater amount of dental decay than average burden of disease. Children in Regional and Remote areas were at increased risk of dental decay in their deciduous teeth compared with those in Major cities.
Biometrics for non-repudiation: security and legal aspect

Non-repudiation is currently legally supported by digital signatures. However, problems of digital signatures have been analysed in several papers, which consequently create doubts for their ability to support non-repudiation. The most significant issue, which has not been addressed, is the protection of the private key. If protection of the private key cannot be enforced or verified in any way, then non-repudiation cannot be addressed. The addressing of weaknesses of digital signatures through the use of biometrics has been considered.
Notificações de violência doméstica, sexual e outras violências contra crianças no Brasil

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o quadro de violencia domestica, sexual e outras violencias perpetradas contra criancas (0-9 anos) no Brasil no ano de 2010, baseando-se nas notificacoes de violencia domestica, sexual e outras violencias registradas no SINAN - Sistema de Informacao de Agravos de Notificacao (VIVA Continuo). Sao apresentados os numeros absolutos e relativos derivados das notificacoes sobre violencias, discriminando-se entre criancas menores de 1 ano e aquelas entre 1-9 anos, devido as especificidades existentes nessas faixas etarias. Em todo o pais, o numero de notificacoes entre menores de 10 anos e baixo (16,9%). Foram constatadas diferencas quanto a distribuicao das notificacoes por unidade da federacao. Observou-se que poucos municipios notificaram violencias ao SINAN-Net no ano de 2010 no pais. Algumas diferencas foram encontradas entre notificacoes em menores de 1 ano de idade e notificacoes de criancas entre 1-9 anos de idade, como por exemplo em relacao ao perfil da violencia, da vitima e do agressor, e o encaminhamento do caso. A qualidade da informacao das notificacoes e discutida mostrando nivel elevado de ausencia de registros em alguns campos da ficha. Falhas na informacao podem prejudicar o conhecimento mais detalhado do fenomeno, interferindo nas acoes de planejamento, organizacao e operacionalizacao dos servicos de saude no pais.
Radiation risks from exposure to diagnostic X-rays during pregnancy

Abstract Exposure to relatively high dose ionising radiation during pregnancy may induce some effects that are seen at birth and others that are not manifested until later in life. A review of the published literature indicates that the very early and later stages of fetal development are at lower risk than the period in between. The evidence relating in utero exposure to diagnostic medical ionising radiation and subsequent occurrence of health effects suggest that the overall risk is very small compared to the occurrence of these ill-effects in the average pregnancy. Good information of the potential effects of ionising radiation on the embryo and fetus is of assistance in the counselling of women who have been irradiated during pregnancy. This review paper is primarily concerned with the health effects of exposure to ionising radiation received in the course of pregnancy and the associated radiation risks arising from properly conducted diagnostic medical examinations.
Face recognition based on 2D and 3D data fusion

The aim of the work presented in this paper is to present current state of the art of face recognition methods and describe proposal algorithms for face biometric identification that analyse 2D face images and 3D face geometry scans. Data for analysis gathered via 3D scanner are processed through different phases. These are: segmentation phase, feature extraction phase and comparison phase. Segmentation relies on localising characteristic landmark points of the face and projecting the face point cloud onto a plane constructed on the basis of these characteristic points. Feature extraction phase calculates separate feature vectors for 2D and 3D input data. Comparison phase applies fusion of 2D and 3D methods and calculates similarity value between two samples. All samples are compared against one another and results presented as DET curves are generated. By analysis of DET curves, conclusions are formulated.
Functional Assessment and Rehabilitation of Shoulder Proprioception for Glenohumeral Instability

Following injury to the articular ligaments, disruption of mechanoreceptors results in partial deafferentation of the joint. This has been shown to inhibit normal neuromuscular joint stabilization, and it contributes to repetitive injuries and the progressive decline of the joint. Assessment of proprioception is valuable in identification of proprioceptive deficits and subsequent planning of the rehabilitation program. A shoulder rehabilitation program must address both the mechanical and sensory functions of articular structures by incorporating a proprioceptive training element within the normal protocol. The objective of proprioception rehabilitation is to enhance cognitive appreciation of the respective joint relative to position and movement, and to enhance muscular stabilization of the joint in the absence of structural restraints. If these objectives are properly addressed, the restoration of the proprioceptive mechanism will prevent further disability of the shoulder joint.
Outcome of antenatal hydronephrosis in northeastern Thailand

Abstract Background: Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is a condition characterized by fetal renal pelvic dilatation during pregnancy. It is detected in 1%-5% of all pregnancies. Most cases of ANH are physiological in nature, but some are pathological and can cause morbidity. Objective: To determine: (a) the causes of ANH; (b) the factors associated with complications; and, (c) the factors associated with surgical intervention. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of infants diagnosed with ANH; defined by a renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter ≥5 mm (based on antenatal ultrasonography) and being followed-up at Srinagarind Hospital. Results: Forty-six infants (32 boys and 14 girls) with ANH were identified. Over half (57%) were born in our hospital (in-hospital) with the condition. The two most common causes of ANH were ureteropelvic junction obstruction (32%) and transient hydronephrosis (22%). Of the 63 abnormal kidneys, 52% needed surgical intervention. Twenty-two patients (48%) had urinary tract infections and most had more than 1 episode. None of the 46 patients had end-stage renal disease, but one died because of lung hypoplasia during the neonatal period. The severity of ANH and time of first postnatal ultrasonography were related to medical complications, while bilateral ANH and more severe ANH were associated with the need for surgical intervention. A milder degree of ANH and postnatal ultrasound findings were significantly associated with transient hydronephrosis. Conclusion: Most cases of ANH were pathological and half required surgical intervention. Severe ANH and delayed investigation were associated with poor outcomes.
Chronic Depression: Can Cognitive Therapy Succeed When Other Treatments Fail?

This paper describes the use of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) with 24 chronically depressed in-patients. These individuals had previously failed to respond to all other standard antidepressant treatments and had been persistently depressed for at least two years. The clients were divided into two cohorts. The first (n=8) received a standard CBT package of 15 sessions combined with pharmacotherapy. The second cohort received a combined treatment, but the style of delivery of CBT was changed to try to take into account the special needs of the client population. At 12 weeks, 70% of the second cohort of clients showed a greater than 50% change on their pre-treatment objective and subjective depression ratings. The implications of these findings are discussed and further therapy trials in this difficult-to-treat population are encouraged.
Liposomes for targeted delivery of antithrombotic drugs

Background: Targeted delivery of antithrombotic (thrombolytic) drugs is expected to increase their efficacy and decrease side effects, especially in the case of thrombolytic enzymes. Liposomes, phospholipid nanosized bubbles with a bilayered membrane structure, have drawn a lot of interest as pharmaceutical carriers for drugs and genes. In particular, several attempts have been made to use liposomes as vehicles for antithrombotic agents. Objective: This review analyzes the available data on the application of liposomes, including liposomes targeted by specific ligands, for the delivery of antithrombotic/thrombolytic agents in order to increase their efficacy and decrease side effects. Methods: The papers published on the subject of liposomes loaded with antithrombotic agents, mainly over the last 10 – 15 years, will be discussed. Conclusion: Liposomes loaded with various antithrombotic drugs, though they have been the subject of a significant number of experimental papers, can hardly be considered as real candidates for clinical application in the near future.
Cultural, National, and Industry-Level Differences in B2B Web Site Design and Content

Web sites are a major instrument for companies to transmit information to customers and conduct transactions in business markets. Differences in Web site design and content across companies can be explained by cultural factors (mainly high- or low-context communication, individualism, and power distance), characteristics of a company's home country, and corporate demographics. Based on a review of recent studies, mostly in B2C settings, this paper summarizes what is known about the impact of cultural dimensions on Web site design and content. Content analysis of 600 B2B Web sites in 57 countries confirms the interrelatedness of certain antecedent variables with Web site design and content. Some cultural orientations, especially high-context communication, may be detrimental to the design of Web sites, making them less clear, less attractive, and less interactive. Companies in countries characterized either by high-context communication, collectivism, or high power distance should strive for cultural adaptation of Web sites. Firm size and R&D intensity also have an impact on Web site design and content.
The Effects of Browsing Frequency and Gender on the Relationship Between Perceived Control and Patronage Intentions in E-tail

On-line consumer retention is vital to e-tail success. This study examines how consumer browsing frequency and gender affect perceived control and customer patronage intentions in the e-tail context. Statistical results show that browsing frequency has a positive direct effect on perceived control and patronage intentions of female consumers but does not have a significant impact on male perceived control and intentions. These findings provide theoretical insights into how consumer characteristics affect on-line decision-making and have implications for managing on-line consumers based on consumer characteristics.
Harnessing the Influence of Social Proof in Online Shopping: The Effect of Electronic Word of Mouth on Sales of Digital Microproducts

Social commerce has taken the e-tailing world by storm. Business-to-consumer sites and, more important, intermediaries that facilitate shopping experience, continue to offer more and more innovative technologies to support social interaction among like-minded community members or friends who share the same shopping interests. Among these technologies, reviews, ratings, and recommendation systems have become some of the most popular social shopping platforms due to their ease of use and simplicity in sharing buying experience and aggregating evaluations. This paper studies the effect of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communication among a closed community of book readers. We studied the entire market of Amazon Shorts e-books, which are digital microproducts sold at a low and uniform price. With the minimal role of price in the buying decision, social discussion via eWOM becomes a collective signal of reputation, and ultimately a significant demand driver. Our empirical study suggests that eWOM can be used to convey the reputation of the product (e.g., the book), the reputation of the brand (i.e., the author), and the reputation of complementary goods (e.g., books in the same category). Until newer social shopping technologies gain acceptance, eWOM technologies should be considered by both e-tailers and shoppers as the first and perhaps primary source of social buying experience.
Disclosure Intention of Location-Related Information in Location-Based Social Network Services

Although location-based social network (LBSN) services have developed rapidly in recent years, the reasons why people disclose location-related information under this environment have not been adequately investigated. This study builds a privacy calculus model to investigate the factors that influence LBSN users' intention to disclose location-related information in China. In addition, this study applies justice theory to investigate the role of privacy intervention approaches used by LBSN Web sites in enhancing users' perception of justice, including incentives provision, interaction promotion, privacy control, and privacy policy. Model testing using structural equation modeling reveals that perceived cost (users' privacy concerns) and perceived benefits (personalization and connectedness) influence intention to disclose location-related information. Meanwhile, providing incentives and promoting interaction enhance, respectively, personalization and connectedness. Privacy control and privacy policies both help in reducing privacy concerns. We also find that individuals' awareness of Internet privacy legislation negatively influences privacy concerns, whereas previous privacy invasions do not. Finally, we find that personal innovativeness significantly influences intention to disclose location-related information. This study not only extends the privacy research on social networking sites under mobile environments but also provides practical implications for service providers and policy makers to develop better LBSNs.
Search Engine Advertising Effectiveness in a Multimedia Campaign

Search engine advertising has become a multibillion-dollar business and one of the dominant forms of advertising on the Internet. This study examines the effectiveness of search engine advertising within a multimedia campaign, with explicit consideration of the interaction effects between search engine advertising and television and banner advertising. An advertising tracking study with about 300 respondents interviewed before and about 4,700 respondents interviewed after the advertising campaign examines the effects on four consumer metrics: advertising awareness, brand awareness, brand image, and brand consumption. We estimate advertising effectiveness and control for correlations across the four ordinal response metrics using a multivariate ordered probit model. The results show that search engine advertising has significant effects on several consumer metrics, even among consumers who do not click on the sponsored advertisement. Television advertising also affects the consumer metrics. However, a negative interaction effect emerges between search engine advertising and television advertising. Banner advertising exerts a positive impact, but only in combination with television advertising. These substantial interaction effects indicate that firms must consider the investments in various media channels simultaneously when they design multimedia campaigns.