Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bloodstream Isolates in a Pediatric Oncology Population: The Case for Ongoing Unit-specific Surveillance

Fever in a neutropenic oncology patient requires rapid initiation of effective empiric antibiotics to prevent mortality. We evaluated the appropriateness of our current empiric antibiotic regimen by assessing local antibiotic-susceptibility patterns in our pediatric oncology patients, and comparing them to the general pediatric patterns in our hospital. All blood culture isolates from pediatric oncology patients were reviewed over a 3-year period. Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms were reviewed separately, with antibiotic susceptibilities for all unique isolates evaluated, and antibiograms generated and compared with general pediatric patients via the Fisher exact test. A total of 84% of Gram negatives were susceptible to meropenem; all resistant organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with 50% meropenem susceptibility. A total of 91% of Gram negatives were susceptible to cefepime, including 90% of P. aeruginosa and 80% of Escherichia coli. In total, 96% of Gram positives were vancomycin-susceptible; the only resistant organism was a single enterococcal isolate. In comparison with the general pediatric population, significantly fewer pseudomonal isolates were sensitive to meropenem among the oncology population (50% vs. 89%, P=0.0034). As such, in our population, meropenem does not provide adequate monotherapy against Pseudomonas. Ongoing surveillance of antibiotic resistance in this high-risk population is warranted, to ensure appropriate empiric antibiotic usage.
Dual Electrode Stimulation Using the Nucleus CI24RE Cochlear Implant: Electrode Impedance and Pitch Ranking Studies

Objective: The first aim of the study was to determine the reduction in electrode impedances using dual electrode stimulation compared with single electrode stimulation in the new Nucleus CI24RE receiver-stimulator. The CI24RE is connected to the Nucleus 22-electrode intracochlear array. Dual electrode stimulation is produced by electrically coupling two adjacent single electrodes. The second aim was to determine whether dual electrode stimulation produced pitch percepts that were intermediate to the pitch of the two adjacent single electrodes. Design: Eight postlingually hearing-impaired adults with severe to profound loss, implanted with the CI24RE, participated in the study. Electrode impedances were measured by using the standard telemetry function of the system. A pitch ranking task was used to measure pitch for dual and single electrodes. Seven sets of three electrodes along the electrode array were tested. Each set of electrodes consisted of a dual electrode and the two adjacent single electrodes. Pitch ranking was measured using a two-alternative forced choice procedure, with the three electrodes in each set paired with each other as AB and BA pairs. The subject indicated which of the two stimuli had the higher pitch. Random variation in current level was used to remove any loudness cues. Results: The average electrode impedance was 38.6% lower for dual electrodes compared with single electrodes. Three subjects were able to successfully rank the three electrodes in each set in the expected tonotopic order for all seven sets of electrodes along the array. Three other subjects were able to rank sets of electrodes in the tonotopic order for most of the tested positions on the array. The remaining two subjects gave more variable pitch ranking across positions along the array, although successful tonotopic ranking was demonstrated for several sets of electrodes. Conclusions: Dual electrode stimulation with the CI24RE receiver-stimulator produced systematically lower electrode impedances and was capable of producing pitch percepts that were intermediate to those produced by the corresponding adjacent single electrodes. This makes available up to 43 channels of stimulation from 22 single electrodes.
Quantum mechanical calculations of NMR chemical shifts in nucleic acids

During the last twenty-five years the development of quantum mechanical calculations and experimental measurements of chemical shifts of the different type of nuclei present in nucleic acids have run parallel in close relation to each other. The first calculations dealt with intramolecular effects on base proton shifts (Veillard, 1962) but the real breakthrough of the theory occurred with the advent of computations of intermolecular shielding due to the ring current effect of the nucleic acid bases (Giessner-Prettre & Pullman, 1970).
ATP‐SENSITIVE POTASSIUM CHANNEL ACTIVATION MIMICS THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ISCHAEMIC PRECONDITIONING IN THE RAT ISOLATED WORKING HEART AFTER PROLONGED HYPOTHERMIC STORAGE

1. Ischaemic preconditioning (IP) can significantly reduce the extent of infarct size, contractile dysfunction and necrosis in hearts from a number of animal species. Activation of ATP‐ sensitive potassium channels has been implicated in this process. The aims of the present study were to determine the extent to which IP preserves haemodynamic function in the rat isolated working heart model after prolonged hypothermic storage and to examine the involvement of activation of potassium channels in this process.
Dynamics of the Foehn Mechanism in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica from Polar WRF

Foehn events over the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs), the largest ice‐free region of Antarctica, promote glacial melt that supports biological activity in the lakes, streams, rocks and soils. Although MDVs foehn events are known to depend upon the synoptic‐scale circulation, the physical processes responsible for foehn events are unknown. A polar‐optimized version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (Polar WRF) is used for a case study of a representative summer foehn event from 29 December 2006 to 1 January 2007 in order to identify and explain the MDVs foehn mechanism. Pressure differences across an elevated mountain gap upstream of the MDVs provide forcing for southerly flow into the western, upvalley entrance of the MDVs. Complex terrain over the elevated gap and the MDVs leads to mountain wave effects such as leeside acceleration, hydraulic jumps, wave breaking and critical layers. These mountain wave effects depend on the ambient (geostrophic) wind direction. Pressure‐driven channelling then brings the warm, dry foehn air downvalley to eastern MDV sites. Brief easterly intrusions of maritime air into the eastern MDVs during foehn events previously have been attributed to either a sea‐breeze effect in summer or local cold‐pooling effects in winter. In this particular case, the easterly intrusions result from blocking effects of nearby Ross Island and the adjacent Antarctic coast. Temperature variability during the summer foehn event, which is important for meltwater production and biological activity when it exceeds 0°C, primarily depends on the source airmass rather than differences in foehn dynamics.
CpG‐containing oligodeoxynucleotide promotes microglial cell uptake of amyloid β 1–42 peptide by up‐regulating the expression of the G‐protein‐coupled receptor mFPR2

Human G protein‐coupled formyl peptide receptor like 1 (FPRL1) and its mouse homologue murine formyl peptide receptor 2 (mFPR2) mediate the chemotactic activity of amyloid β 1–42 (Aβ42), a key pathogenic peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since mFPR2 is up‐regulated in mouse microglia by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll‐like receptor 4 ligand, we investigated the capacity of CpG‐containing oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 9 ligand, to regulate the expression of mFPR2 in mouse microglia. CpG ODN markedly enhanced the expression and function of mFPR2 in microglial cells, which exhibited increased chemotactic responses to mFPR2 agonists, including Aβ42. The effect of CpG ODN is dependent on activation of p38 MAPK. Further studies showed that CpG ODN‐treated microglia increased their capacity to endocytose Aβ42 through mFPR2, as this process was abrogated by pertussis toxin, a Gi protein inhibitor, and W peptide, another potent mFPR2 agonist. Our results suggest that TLR9 may play an important role in promoting microglial recognition of Aβ42, thus affecting the pathogenic process of AD.
Scattering calculations at C-band for asymmetric raindrops 3 reconstructed from 2 D video disdrometer measurements 4 5 6

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Effects of leg muscle tendon vibration on group Ia and group II reflex responses to stance perturbation in humans

Stretching the soleus (Sol) muscle during sudden toe‐up rotations of the supporting platform in a standing subject evokes a short‐latency response (SLR) and a medium‐latency response (MLR). The aim of the present investigation was to further explore the afferent and spinal pathways mediating the SLR and MLR in lower limb muscles by means of tendon vibration. In seven subjects, toe‐up or toe‐down rotations were performed under: (1) control, (2) continuous bilateral vibration at 90 Hz of Achilles' tendon or tibialis anterior (TA) tendon, and (3) post‐vibration conditions. Sol and TA background EMG activity and reflex responses were bilaterally recorded and analysed. Toe‐up rotations induced SLRs and MLRs in Sol at average latencies of 40 and 66 ms, respectively. During vibration, the latency of both responses increased by about 2 ms. The area of the SLR significantly decreased during vibration, regardless of the underlying background activity, and almost returned to control value post‐vibration. The area of Sol MLR was less influenced by vibration than SLR, the reduction being negligible with relatively high background activity. However, contrary to SLR, MLR was even more reduced post‐vibration. Toe‐down rotations induced no SLR in the TA, while a MLR was evoked at about 81 ms. The area of TA MLR decreased slightly during vibration but much more post‐vibration. SLRs and MLRs were differently affected by changing the vibration frequency to 30 Hz: vibration had a negligible effect on the SLR, but still produced a significant effect on the MLR. The independence from the background EMG of the inhibitory effect of vibration upon the SLR suggests that vibration removes a constant amount of the Ia afferent input. This can be accounted for by either presynaptic inhibition of group Ia fibres or a ‘busy‐line' phenomenon. The differential effect of vibration on SLRs and MLRs is compatible with the notions that spindle primaries have a higher sensitivity to vibration than secondaries, and that group II afferent fibres are responsible for the production of the MLR. The decrease of MLRs but not SLRs after vibration is discussed in terms of an interaction between peripheral and central drive on group II interneurones in order to produce sufficient EMG activity to maintain a given postural set.
Identifying Bots in the Australian Twittersphere

Identification of bots on Twitter can be difficult, and successful approaches often use an iterative workflow, applying different techniques to identify discrete groups of bots. This paper presents first results of the application of this iterative workflow to the Australian TrISMA collection, which contains the tweets of over 4 million Twitter accounts identified as being Australian. To our knowledge, this research undertakes the first comprehensive identification of bots in the Australian Twittersphere. The identified bots are then classified by bot type before the proportion of overall account and tweet numbers they represent is determined.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Initial Fixation Strength of 3 Different Methods of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Soft Tissue Graft Tibial Fixation

Background Tibial fixation of soft tissue grafts continues to be problematic in the early postoperative period after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Hypothesis No differences exist for resistance to slippage of soft tissue grafts fixed with CentraLoc, Intrafix, or 35-mm bioabsorbable interference screws. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Bovine tibia and hoof extensor tendons were divided into 3 matched groups with 12 tibia and 12 extensor tendons in each group. Within each group, 6 specimens underwent monotonic loading to failure (1 mm/s), and 6 underwent cyclic loading (10 000 cycles, 125-325 N, 1 Hz). Results No statistically significant differences were noted in mean load to failure or stiffness. The mean load to failure (and stiffness) for the 3 types of fixation were as follows: bioabsorbable interference screw, 631.6 ± 130.1 N (88.17 ± 6.79 N/mm); Intrafix, 644.3 ± 195.2 N (81.65 ± 16.5 N/mm); and CentraLoc, 791.1 ± 72.7 N (77.89 ± 7.07 N/mm). The slippage rates under cyclic loading for the 3 types of fixation were bioabsorbable interference screw, 0.336 ± 0.074 µm/cycle; Intrafix, 27.2 ± 31.6 µm/cycle; and CentraLoc, 0.0355 ± 0.0046 µm/cycle. In this model, CentraLoc proved statistically superior in resistance to cyclic loading compared with the bioabsorbable interference screw (P < .05) and Intrafix (P < .0001). The bioabsorbable interference screw proved statistically superior to Intrafix in resistance to cyclic loading (P < .05). Conclusions In this bovine model, CentraLoc and bioabsorbable interference screws provided superior resistance to cyclic loading compared with Intrafix. Clinical Relevance CentraLoc and bioabsorbable interference screws showed superior resistance to cyclic loading, which may indicate an increased resistance to clinical failure.
WRF simulations of future changes in rainfall IFD curves over Greater Sydney

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been used at convection-permitting resolution (2km) to simulate the future climate of the greater Sydney region with a focus on precipitation extremes at durations from 1 hour to 1 day. Overall, the simulations project temperature increases of 1 to 2 C, with larger increases in autumn and winter compared to spring and summer. In terms of precipitation most of the domain is projected to see annual increases of up to 40%. These increases occur mostly in autumn, with little change in summer. Extreme precipitation (higher than 95th percentile) is projected to contribute a larger proportion of this precipitation total. While the model can reasonably reproduce medium extremes (like the 95th percentile), annual maxima precipitation time-series contains significant over-estimation for much of the area of interest. Given this model limitation, the area-averaged rainfall Intensity-Frequency-Duration (IFD) curves are simulated reasonably well at large Annual Exceedence Probabilities (AEPs) (50%) and show progressively larger errors for rarer AEPs. Future projections show rainfall depths increasing for all durations and AEPs considered here. This future increase is larger for rarer AEPs, but relatively consistent across durations.
Effectiveness of Cyclic Redundancy Checks under harsh electromagnetic disturbances

Modern programmable electronic devices are becoming more and more susceptible to Electromagnetic Interference, meanwhile relying heavily on communication networks. In those networks, Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs) are widely used to validate the correctness of transmitted data. However, this paper shows that, at specific bit and disturbance frequencies, CRC can generate false positives. A formula to predict those is presented. By using an in-house simulation framework, different case studies are simulated to find if false positives can occur. At some frequencies, the amount of false positives can rise asymptotically to up to 50% of all received data words. Techniques to overcome this downside are provided and reviewed.
Endothelial cells augment the expression of CD40 ligand on newly activated human CD4+ T cells through a CD2/LFA‐3 signaling pathway

Cultured human endothelial cells (EC) increase CD40 ligand expression on polyclonally activated human peripheral blood CD4+ helper T cells compared to T cells activated in the absence of accessory cells or in the presence of peripheral blood adherent cells or B cells. Induction of CD40 ligand expression appears to be biphasic with early induction observable at 6 h and later induction observable at 24 h. EC cause T cells to increase CD40 ligand expression during the early phase at 6 h after activation. CD40 ligand expression is restricted to the CD4+ helper T cell subset of the peripheral blood T cells, even when EC are present. Blocking monoclonal antibodies to co‐stimulatory molecules on EC and T cells indicate that the CD2/LFA‐3 pathway, which also contributes to induction of augmented interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) secretion, is involved in EC‐induced upregulation of CD40 ligand. Exogenous IL‐2 can also increase CD40 ligand expression. However, increased IL‐2 secretion in the presence of EC can not fully account for endothelial‐induced CD40 ligand up‐regulation as (1) the effect of exogenous IL‐2 is greater at 24 h than at 6 h, whereas the opposite is true for EC; (2) the effect of saturating levels of IL‐2 is considerably smaller than that of EC; and (3) blocking of IL‐2 receptors does not fully inhibit endothelial effects on CD40 ligand expression. We conclude that EC provide unique co‐stimulatory signals that affect the phenotype of activated CD4+ T cells.
Growth Hormone and Growth Factors during Perinatal Life

Pituitary growth hormone (GH) is present in early pregnancy in the fetal circulation. The concentrations are higher than ever found during life, due to an unrestrained, basal secretion. GH receptors develop around midpregnancy, when they are present in low concentrations, and there is a rapid increase during the first months of life. The function of fetal GH – characterized by a nearly complete GH resistance – is largely unclear: there is only a small effect on longitudinal growth, and the regulation of growth factors is independent of GH. Possibly, metabolic effects of GH on fat and glucose metabolism and body composition are of greater importance. During the first months of life, the rapid fetal (GH-independent, nutrition-dependent) growth decelerates, a process that is partly compensated by the onset of GH-dependent longitudinal growth.
Early Prediction of the Winner in StarCraft Matches

A fast and precise prediction of the outcome of a game is essential for the design of bots that play the game; it can be used either offline as a fast way to design bot strategies or online for conserving resources and conceding defeat or speed up victory, as well as evaluating the consequences of actions. The objective of this paper is predicting the winner of a StarCraft match as soon as possible. This study is done with supervised learning, because a lot of suitable data is available. The main problem of this approach is the big amount of generated data, so it has to be selected and organised properly and be treated with proper tools. A set of six learning algorithms is used, from simpler ones to more complex algorithms. Spark and MLlib are used due to their capabilities to deal with big amounts of data. With the learned models, time of matches are restricted, trying to get a time bound for predicting results. With this approach we get that it is not necessary to play a whole match to predict its winner with high accuracy: with 10 minutes we can predict the outcome with 90% of accuracy.
Excitation spectrum of the spin-(1/2 Heisenberg chain and conformal invariance.

The spectrum of excitations of a spin-(1/2 Heisenberg chain in the region of anisotropy 1g\ensuremath{\Delta}g0 (where the model is critical and has no bound states) exhibits a ``tower structure'' in the energy-momentum plane as predicted by the hypothesis of conformal invariance. For a given magnetization the apices of the towers are located on a parabola. The spectrum shows remarkable degeneracies at some discrete values of \ensuremath{\Delta} given by the Tutte-Behara numbers.
The occurrence of methylated guanines in ribonucleic acids from several sources.

A number of additional purines and pyrimidines have recently been described as minor constituents of ribonucleic acids. Cohn (1957, 1958, 1959) and Davis & Allen (1957) have described an unusual pyrimidine nucleotide from yeast ribonucleic acid, thymine, 2-methyladenine, 6-methylaninopurine and 6-dimethylaminopurine have been identified as components ofribonucleic acid from several sources (Littlefield & Dunn, 1958a, b), and 5-methylcytosine has been detected in ribonucleic acid from Eacherichia coli (Amos & Korn, 1958) and from wheat embryo, liver and Aerobacter aerogenes (Dunn, unpublished work). The occurrence of methylated adenines in ribonucleic acid led us to look for methyl-substituted guanines. We have found 1methylguanine, 6-hydroxy-2-methylaminopurine and 2-dimethylamino-6-hydroxypurine to be constituents of ribonucleic acid from several different biological sources, by identification of the free bases, ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides from the ribonucleic acids. While this work was in progress Adler, Weissmann & Gutman (1958) reported the isolation of two of these bases, 1-methylguanine and 6-hydroxy-2-methylaminopurine from an acid hydrolysate of yeast ribonucleic acid. Preliminary results of our work have been reported (Dunn & Smith, 1959a, b).
Narrative Review

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the most common reason for hospitalization in Western nations. The prognosis of patients admitted to hospital with ADHF is poor, with up to 64% being readmitted within the first 90 days after discharge and with a 1-year mortality approximating 20%. Epidemiological studies suggest that the majority of patients hospitalized with ADHF receive treatment that is inadequate and which is not based on scientific evidence. Furthermore, emerging data suggest that the “conventional” therapeutic interventions for ADHF including morphine, high-dose diuretics, and inotropic agents may be harmful. The goal of this review is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of ADHF.
Mast Cell Hyperplasia: Role of Cytokines

Mast cell hyperplasia is found in different pathologies such as chronic inflammatory processes, fibrotic disorders, wound healing or neoplastic tissue transformation. The functional significance of the accumulation of mast cells in these processes is largely unknown. It is now established that bone marrow-derived mast cell progenitors circulate in peripheral blood and subsequently migrate into the tissue where they undergo final maturation under the influence of local microenvironmental factors. Cytokines are of particular importance for mast cell recruitment, development, and function. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a unique mast cell growth factor, since mast cells disappear completely in the absence of SCF. However, several other cytokines such as IL-3 and IL-4 have been shown to influence mast cell proliferation and function also. This review focuses on the role of cytokines in the regulation of mast cell hyperplasia.