Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 1875 eruption of Askja volcano, Iceland: combined fractional crystallization and selective contamination in the generation of rhyolitic magma

Abstract Major and trace element and Sr, Nd and O isotopic data are presented for ferrobasalts, icelandites, rhyolites, mixed pumices and silicic xenoliths of the 1875 eruption of Askja. Trace element modelling and Sr and Nd data largely confirm previous major element calculations that fractional crystallization was dominant in the generation of the basalt-ferrobasalt-icelandite-rhyolite suite. Relative enrichment in Rb (and Th and U? ), depletion in Cs, and low values of δ18O/16O, in the rhyolites are not explained by this mechanism alone. The silicic magmas were selectively contaminated by diffusion from partially molten granitic wall rocks, now found as xenoliths in the eruptive products, the process being particularly marked by lower δ18O and Cs/Rb ratios in the rhyolites than in the associated basalts. This is the first record of a combined fractional crystallization-selective contamination process in an Icelandic silicic complex.
A small and adaptive coprocessor for information flow tracking in ARM SoCs

DIFT (Dynamic Information Flow Tracking) has been a hot topic for more than a decade. Unfortunately, existing hardware DIFT approaches have not been widely used neither by research community nor by hardware vendors. It is due to two major reasons: current hardware DIFT solutions lack support for multithreaded applications and implementations for hardcore processors. This work addresses both issues by introducing an approach with some unique features: DIFT for multi-threaded software, virtual memory protection (rather than physical memory as in related works) and Linux kernel support using an information flow monitor called RFBlare. These goals are accomplished by taking advantage of a notable feature of ARM CoreSight components (context ID) combined with a custom DIFT coprocessor and RFBlare. The communication time overhead, major source of slowdown in total DIFT time overhead, is divided by a factor 3.8 compared to existing solutions with similar software constraints as in this work. The area overhead of this work is lower than 1% and power overhead is 16.2% on a middle-class Xilinx Zynq SoC.
On the role of vertical differentiation in enhancing survival of export flows: Evidence from a developing country

This paper analyzes the role of vertical differentiation linked with global production networks in increasing the chance of export survival using highly disaggregated machinery exports data from Turkey for the 1998-2013 period. Results obtained from descriptive statistics analysis suggest that duration of Turkey’s machinery exports is remarkably short with the median duration of merely one year. In addition, the likelihood of the survival of exports widely varies across product types (total machinery products, finished machinery products and machinery parts and components) and across trade types (horizontally differentiated products and vertically differentiated products). Based on discrete-time duration models, the empirical results demonstrate that vertical differentiation as well as product and market diversification are associated with a higher export survival rate, particularly for parts and components linked with global production networks. The evidence hence supports the hypothesis that global production sharing activities greatly increases the chances of survival in export markets.
Impact of Cloud Cover on Solar Radiative Biases in Deep Convective Regimes

Conflicting claims have been made concerning the magnitude of the bias in solar radiative transfer calculations when horizontal photon transport is neglected for deep convective scenarios. The difficulty of obtaining a realistic set of cloud scenes for situations of complex cloud geometry, while certain characteristics such as total cloud cover are systematically controlled, has hindered the attempt to reach a consensus. Here, a simple alternative approach is adopted. An ensemble of cloud scenes generated by a cloud resolving model are modified by an idealized function that progressively alters the cirrus anvil coverage without affecting the realism of the scene produced. Comparing three-dimensional radiative calculations with the independent column approximation for all cloud scenes, it is found that the bias in scene albedo can reach as much as 22% when the sun is overhead and 46% at low sun angles. The bias is an asymmetrical function of cloud cover with a maximum attained at cirrus anvil cloud cover of approximately 30%–40%. With a cloud cover of 15%, the bias is half its maximum value, while it is limited for coverage exceeding 80%. The position of the peak occurs at the cloud cover coinciding with the maximum number of independent clouds present in the scene. Increasing the cloud cover past this point produces a decrease in the number of isolated clouds because of cloud merging, with a consequential bias reduction. With this systematic documentation of the biases as a function of total cloud cover, it is possible to identify two contributions to the total error: the geometrical consequences of the effective cloud cover increase at low sun angles and the true 3D scattering effect of photons deviating from the original path direction. An attempt to account for the former geometrical contribution to the 1D bias is made by performing a simple correction technique, whereby the field is sheared by the tangent of the solar zenith angle. It is found that this greatly reduces the 1D biases at low sun angles. Because of the small aspect ratio of the cirrus cloud deck, the remaining bias contribution is small in magnitude and almost independent of solar zenith angle.
Lake Whitefish Diet, Condition, and Energy Density in Lake Champlain and the Lower Four Great Lakes following Dreissenid Invasions

Abstract Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis support some of the most valuable commercial freshwater fisheries in North America. Recent growth and condition decreases in Lake Whitefish populations in the Great Lakes have been attributed to the invasion of the dreissenid mussels, zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha and quagga mussels D. bugensis, and the subsequent collapse of the amphipod, Diporeia, a once-abundant high energy prey source. Since 1993, Lake Champlain has also experienced the invasion and proliferation of zebra mussels, but in contrast to the Great Lakes, Diporeia were not historically abundant. We compared the diet, condition, and energy density of Lake Whitefish from Lake Champlain after the dreissenid mussel invasion to values for those of Lake Whitefish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Lake Whitefish were collected using gill nets and bottom trawls, and their diets were quantified seasonally. Condition was estimated using Fulton's condition factor (K) and by determining e.
Physician's Satisfaction from Laboratory Services in Maternity and Children Hospital in Makkah

Physicians are primary customers of laboratory services and their perception of the provided services is considered an important measure of quality assurance. This study investigates the physicians’ satisfaction of laboratories’ services, in Maternity and Children Hospital in Makkah, to identify strength and possible limitations, which might inform the development plans for more efficient services.
Methodological and Ideological Options Reconsidering Monetary Policy : An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Interest Rates and Nominal GDP Growth in the U . S . , U . K . , Germany and Japan

The rate of interest – the price of money – is said to be a key policy tool. Economics has in general emphasised prices. This theoretical bias results from the axiomatic-deductive methodology centring on equilibrium. Without equilibrium, quantity constraints are more important than prices in determining market outcomes. In disequilibrium, interest rates should be far less useful as policy variable, and economics should be more concerned with quantities (including resource constraints). To investigate, we test the received belief that lower interest rates result in higher growth and higher rates result in lower growth. Examining the relationship between 3month and 10-year benchmark rates and nominal GDP growth over half a century in four of the five largest economies we find that interest rates follow GDP growth and are consistently positively correlated with growth. If policy-makers really aimed at setting rates consistent with a recovery, they would need to raise them. We conclude that conventional monetary policy as operated by central banks for the past half-century is fundamentally flawed. Policy-makers had better focus on the quantity variables that cause growth.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS APPROACH IN MICROWAVE FILTER TUNING

This paper presents a novel method of cavity fllter tuning with the usage of an artiflcial neural network (ANN). The proposed method does not require information on the fllter topology, and the fllter is treated as a black box. In order to illustrate the concept, a feed-forward, multi-layer, non-linear artiflcial neural network with back propagation is applied. The method for preparing, learning and testing vectors consisting of sampled detuned scattering characteristics and corresponding tuning screw deviations is proposed. To collect the training vectors, the machine, an intelligent automatic fllter tuning tool integrated with a vector network analyzer, has been built. The ANN was trained on the basis of samples obtained from a properly tuned fllter. It has been proved that the usage of multidimensional approximation ability of an ANN makes it possible to map the characteristic of a detuned fllter re∞ection in individual screw errors. Finally, after the ANN learning process, the tuning experiment on 6 and 11-cavity fllters has been preformed, proving a very high e-ciency of the presented method.
Multivariate analysis of lactose content in milk of Holstein and Jersey cows1

Objetivou-se avaliar os fatores que influenciam a variacao de lactose do leite bovino em rebanhos sobre controle leiteiro, atraves do emprego de analise multivariada. Os dados de controle leiteiro de 73 rebanhos do estado de Santa Catarina foram disponibilizados pela Associacao Catarinense de Criadores de Bovinos (ACCB), totalizando 46.242 controles mensais de vacas das racas Holandes (58,5%) e Jersey (41,5%) no periodo de 2009 a 2012. Os dados de foram avaliados atraves de analise multivariada, utilizando analise de correspondencia multipla, fatorial e analise de agrupamento. O teor de lactose apresentou relacao com a contagem de celulas somaticas e ordem de parto, enquanto raca, producao de leite, teor de gordura e proteina nao apresentaram relacao com teor de lactose. A analise de agrupamento revelou um grupo formado por vacas de ambas as racas com baixo teor de lactose (4,19 %), contagem de celulas somaticas alta (5,82), e paridade mais elevada (2,50), contrastando com outros dois grupos, cada um com valores medios caracteristicos para as racas Holandes e Jersey, respectivamente. A analise de vacas sem mastite subclinica ( < 200.000 celulas somaticas mL-1) demonstra que a relacao de paridade com o nivel de lactose e independente do efeito da contagem de celulas somaticas. Os valores inferiores a 4,4% de lactose foram observados no outono. O teor de lactose do leite e influenciado pela contagem de celulas somaticas e paridade, com variacao sazonal, mas nao esta relacionada a raca, producao de leite, teor de gordura e de proteina do leite.
First report of bacterial canker of Actinidia deliciosa caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Portugal.

Bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is one of the most harmful diseases affecting kiwifruit plants. It was first isolated and identified in Japan on kiwifruit plants(Actinidia deliciosa) and was subsequently recorded in the most important world kiwifruit production areas, China, Korea and Italy, on the main species (A. deliciosa and A. chinensis) and cultivars of kiwifruit. A new serious outbreak of the disease was observed during the spring (March) 2010 on two-year-old plants of A. deliciosa cv. Summer, in kiwifruit orchards in Entre Douro and Mino provinces in Portugal. The symptoms were characterised by dark brown spots surrounded by yellow haloes on leaves, and cankers with copious reddish exudate production on twigs and stem (Fig. 1). Disease incidence could be as high as 30%. Bacterial colonies were isolated from infected tissues on nutrient agar containing 5% sucrose. Six isolates obtained were Gram-negative, and negative for oxidase, potato soft rot, arginine dehydrolase, presence of tyrosinase and urease, nitrate and fluorescent pigment production. Moreover, they were positive for levan production, presence of catalase and for tobacco hypersensitivity (Lelliott & Stead, 1988). Pathogenicity was confirmed by artificial inoculation of ten healthy two-year-old A. deliciosa plants, cv. Hayward, with bacterial suspensions (10 7 cfu/ml). The symptoms were observed within five and 14 days after inoculation on leaves and twigs, respectively. No symptoms were observed on control plants, and bacteria with morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics identical to the original isolate were reisolated from tissue showing symptoms. Four isolates (PSA346, PSA349, PSA352, PSA356) were chosen for molecular identification and analysed in comparison with P.s. pv actinidiae reference strains (CFBP 7285, CFBP 7286, CFBP 7287). Identity as P.s. pv. actinidiae was confirmed by PCR amplification with two pairs of pathovar-specific primers (Koh & Nou, 2002; Rees-George et al., 2010). This is the first report on the occurrence of this bacterial pathogen on A. deliciosa in Portugal.
Economic Trajectories in Non-Traditional Families with Children

Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study this paper examines associations between family structure and economic trajectories during the first five years after a child’s birth, paying special attention to non-traditional families. Among families with stable structures, married-parent families have the highest economic wellbeing, followed by cohabiting-parent families and then single mothers. Among unstable families, exits from marriage and cohabitation are associated with declines in mothers’ economic wellbeing. Entering coresidential unions after a non-marital birth is associated with gains in single mothers’ economic wellbeing, especially if those unions involve the child’s biological father. Findings are robust across several measures of economic wellbeing including household income, income-to-needs ratios, and material hardship.
ABDOMINAL OBESITY : AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR IN CLINICAL AND INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY

Introduction Obesity is a complex multifactorial chronic disorder that develops from an interaction of genotype and the environment. The health hazards of obesity have been recognized for centuries. Populations in industrialized countries are becoming more overweight as a result of changes in lifestyle. Both overweight and obesity must be regarded as serious medical problems in our time since obesity is associated with reduced life expectancy. Indeed, obesity represents an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and this association is more pronounced in individuals under 50 years of age. This is why the American Heart Association stated ten years ago that obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for heart disease [1]. Nowadays, obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States as well as in much of the industrialized world and is increasing in prevalence in the developing world [2]. In the most widely used classification of body mass, body weight is expressed in terms of body mass index (BMI) [2]. In adults, obesity is defined as a BMI ≥30 kg/m, which is further subdivided into grades (Table 1).
The Mediating Role of Relational Aggression Between Neuroticism and Couple Attachment and Relationship Quality in Long-Term Committed Relationships

The Mediating Role of Relational Aggression Between Neuroticism and Couple Attachment and Relationship Quality in Long-Term Committed Relationships Sarah Annis Eliason School of Family Life, BYU Master of Science Much of the literature regarding relational aggression in romantic relationships has focused on the behaviors and outcomes of the actor and victim independently. Additionally, the relationships studied usually cover emerging adult samples, and rarely expand to long-term committed relationships, such as cohabiting or married couples. In this paper I sought to determine if relationally aggressive behaviors in long-term committed relationships over time resulted as a function of individual predictors (e.g. neuroticism), or as a process of couple interactions (e.g. couple attachment); and how these traits directly and indirectly (through relational aggression) influenced relationship quality. An Actor Partner Independence Model (APIM) was run using 1,558 individuals from the RELATE study. Anxious attachment was the strongest predictor of relational aggression. For both men and women, participating in relationally aggressive behaviors had a direct influence on their own relationship quality. Anxiously attached partners were more likely to be relationally aggressive and to have more relationally aggressive partners. Female, as well as male, relational aggression partially mediated the link between male and female anxious attachment, and female relationship quality. For men, only their own relational aggression mediated the link between male and female anxious attachment, and their own relationship quality.
Effect of Emotion on Achievement Goal Performance

The effect of emotion on the performance of individuals with different achievement goals (mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance) was measured using a mixed ANOVA design. Participants learned the Left-to-Right Cross Multiplication technique and were randomly assigned to one of the three achievement goals. After the completion of a multiplication test, participants viewed a positive (happiness) or negative (sadness) film clip. Participants then completed a second multiplication test to determine the effect of the emotion on performance. Results showed that participants improved from the first to the second tests. The effects of achievement goal and affect on performance were not significant. The interaction between achievement goal, affect, and performance was also not significant.
It's not what Size, but what Type: Alliance Portfolios & Innovativeness in Biotechnology

Drawing on an integration of capabilities, learning, and embeddedness perspectives, this study unpacks alliance portfolio size along relational dimensions to explore how the numbers of high, mixed, and low intensity alliances influence the innovativeness of biotechnology firms. This study finds value in unpacking alliance portfolio size along relational dimensions. Specifically, mixed alliances marked by both high and low relational intensity have a positive impact on firm innovativeness. Furthermore, younger firms benefit more from mixed alliances than older firms, and firms with less technical diversity also benefit more from mixed alliances.
Vital rates of pink abalone Haliotis corrugata estimated from mark-recapture data to inform recovery

Pink abalone Haliotis corrugata have declined dramatically in southern California despite once being the most important species in the abalone fishery before its closure in 1997. We estimated vital rates using mark-recapture data of pink abalone from San Diego (2003-2007) and Santa Catalina Island (1970-1972), California, and juveniles reared in the laboratory in San Diego (2006-2007). We fit 7 growth functions to annual growth increment data to estimate age at maturity, time to reach the minimum legal size (MLS) in the historic fishery, and the number of reproductive years before reaching the MLS. We used demographic data to construct a growth transition probabil- ity matrix based on the best-fit (Richards) model. We estimated that pink abalone grow slowly (k = 0.07 yr -1 ), reaching a maximum length of 200 mm, and have high adult survivorship (0.77 yr -1 ). We used non-lethal methods to estimate size at maturity, which was 99 mm for males and 103 mm for females (8.2 to 8.7 yr), with 19 yr to reach fishery size. Survival rates in this population did not differ between years or genders, but severe cuts to the foot during handling did decrease survivorship. Despite low population densities, we show evidence of some juvenile recruitment to the region. The slow growth rates suggest that the populations within the southern California abalone fishery closure area could take 30 yr to recover, provided there is successful reproduction and the high survival of adults continues without illegal fishing. Estimating vital rates and demographic characteristics using non-lethal methods provides critical information for investigating the dynamics of low-density populations.
Clinical impacts of the classification by 2017 GOLD guideline comparing previous ones on outcomes of COPD in real-world cohorts

Purpose While GOLD classification has been revised, its clinical impacts on outcomes of COPD patients have not been widely evaluated in real-world cohorts. Materials and methods According to 2007, 2013, and 2017 GOLD classifications, distribution and clinical characteristics of group-shifted patients and the risk of acute exacerbation were analyzed in combined Korean COPD cohorts. Future risk for annual moderate-to-severe exacerbation was estimated as incidence rate ratio (IRR) and compared by groups. Results Among 1,880 COPD patients, in GOLD 2017 classification, groups B and A were increased to 61.2% and 22.2% of total population, while group C was shrunken to 2.2% and patients with higher risk were decreased (16.6% in GOLD 2017 vs 44.7% in GOLD 2013). The kappa coefficient of agreement of both systems was 0.581 (agreement 71.7%). Groups B and D showed higher IRR of moderate-to-severe exacerbation than group A (IRR 2.4 and 5.3 respectively, P<0.001), whereas group C was not different from group A. When groups C and D were combined, the IRR for acute exacerbation for each group showed good linear trends (2.5 [1.6–3.7] for group B and 4.8 [3.0–7.7] for combined group [C+D], P<0.001). Conclusions In the revised GOLD 2017 system, COPD patients with higher risk were much decreased in Korean cohorts, and group C was negligible in size and clinical impacts on expecting future exacerbation. Serial increase in the risk for exacerbation was more concrete and predictable when group C was combined with group D.
Sustained diuretic effect of plantain when ingested by sheep

Narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) was investigated for its potential to act as a diuretic in sheep. For seven days, two groups of sheep (n = 8) were provided with either ryegrass or plantain diets that had similar water content. Dry matter in feed, fresh faecal weight, and faecal water content was measured daily, as well as volume, specifi c gravity and osmolality of urine. Urine volumes on Day 1 of the trial were signifi cantly different to those of Days 2-6 of the trial (P < 0.05) so the results were analysed separately. Plantain sheep had a higher volume of urine (by 1.7 L, P < 0.05) on Day 1 than Ryegrass sheep and continued to produce about 0.5 L more urine each day than Ryegrass sheep for the remainder of the study period. Because intakes of feed and feed water content for the two diets were essentially equal, this study provides the fi rst direct evidence to show that plantain causes a diuresis when it is ingested by sheep, possibly by reducing reabsorption of water in the kidneys.