Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ju n 20 08 KUNS-2147 On Type IIA Penrose Limit and N = 6 Chern-Simons Theories

Recently, Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis and Maldacena proposed that the N = 6 ChernSimons gauge theories are holographically dual to the M-theory backgrounds with multiple M2-branes on orbifolds C4/Zk. When k is large, they have the type IIA string description. In this paper we analyze the Penrose limit of this IIA background and express the string spectrum as the conformal dimensions of operators in the gauge theories. For BPS operators, we can confirm the agreements between the IIA string on plane waves and the gauge theories. We point out that there exist BMN-like operators in the gauge theories, though their holographic interpretation does not seem to be simple. Also we analyze the weak coupling limit of this theory and show that the Hagedorn/deconfinement transition occurs as expected. e-mail:nishioka@gauge.scphys. kyoto-u.ac. jp e-mail:takayana@gauge.scphys. kyoto-u.ac. jp
flavour-changing meson decays

We study lepton flavour violating twoand three-body decays of pseudoscalar mesons in Effective Field Theory (EFT). We give analytic formulae for the decay rates in the presence of a complete basis of QED×QCD-invariant operators. The constraints are obtained at the experimental scale, then translated to the weak scale via one-loop RGEs. The large RGmixing between tensor and (pseudo)scalar operators weakens the constraints on scalar and pseudoscalar operators at the weak scale.
Improving Financial Forecasting with Power Weighted Densities

While time series prediction is an important, actively studied problem, the predictive accuracy of time series models is complicated by non-stationarity. We develop a fast and effective approach to allow for non-stationarity in the parameters of a chosen time series model. In our power-weighted density (PWD) approach, observations in the distant past are down-weighted in the likelihood function relative to more recent observations, while still giving the practitioner control over the choice of data model. One of the most popular non-stationary techniques in the academic finance community, rolling window estimation, is a special case of our PWD approach. Our PWD framework is a simpler alternative compared to popular state-space methods that explicitly model the evolution of an underlying state vector. We demonstrate the benefits of our PWD approach in terms of predictive performance compared to both stationary models and alternative non-stationary methods. In a financial application to thirty industry portfolios, our PWD method has a significantly favorable predictive performance and draws a number of substantive conclusions about the evolution of the coefficients and the importance of market factors over time.
2D Toda tau-functions as combinatorial generating functions

This comment is written to compare the results of our two papers [8] and [9] with the results of [1]. In [8] we have been proposed a modified version of Krichever-Dickey rational reductions of the KP hierarchy [3], [5] with corresponding lattice representation. To make our comment more clear, let us first give a short description of this approach. Given any positive integers n ≥ 1 and p > n, corresponding integrable hierarchy is defined by two evolution equations
Communications of BAO, Vol. 2 (LXV), Is. 1, 2018, pp. 65-79

Review is devoted to estimators introduced in astronomy by Ambartsumian and his followers that are used to estimating the unknown number of flare stars and other randomly flashing objects (stars with X-ray flares, solar type stars with superflares). Some important astronomical applications of them are presented. The development of these methods in astronomy have proceeded regardless of development of analogous methods of mathematical statistics. Brief history of this development and parallels with similar statistical methods is presented.
Ju l 2 01 1 Quantitative aspects of L-type Ca 2 + currents

Ca2+ currents in neurons and muscle cells have been classified as being one of 5 types of which four, L, N, P/Q and R were said to be high threshold and one, T, was designated low threshold. This review focuses on quantitative aspects of L-type currents. L-type channels are now distinguished according to their structure as one of four main subtypes Cav1.1 Cav1.4. L-type calcium currents play many fundamental roles in cellular dynamical processes including pacemaking in neurons and cardiac cells, the activation of transcription factors involved in synaptic plasticity and in immune cells. The half-activation potentials of L-type currents (ICaL) have been ascribed values as low as -50 mV and as high as near 0 mV. The inactivation of ICaL has been found to be both voltage (VDI) and calcium-dependent (CDI) and the latter component may involve calcium-induced calcium release. CDI is often an important aspect of dynamical models of cell electrophysiology. We describe the basic components in modeling ICaL including activation and both voltage and calcium dependent inactivation and the two main approaches to determining the current. We review, by means of tables of values from over 65 representative studies, the various details of the dynamical properties associated with ICaL
Mueller matrix cone and its application to filtering

We show that there is an isometry between the real ambient space of all Mueller matrices and the space of all Hermitian matrices which maps the Mueller matrices onto the positive semidefinite matrices. We use this to establish an optimality result for the filtering of Mueller matrices, which roughly says that it is always enough to filter the eigenvalues of the corresponding "coherency matrix". Then we further explain how the knowledge of the cone of Hermitian positive semidefinite matrices can be transferred to the cone of Mueller matrices with a special emphasis towards optimisation. In particular, we suggest that means of Mueller matrices should be computed within the corresponding Riemannian geometry.
A pr 2 01 3 Nested Aggregates in Answer Sets

We allow representing and reasoning in the presence of nested multiple aggregates over multiple variables and nested multiple aggregates over functions involving multiple variables in answer sets, precisely, in answer set optimization programming and in answer set programming. We show the applicability of the answer set optimization programming with nested multiple aggregates and the answer set programming with nested multiple aggregates to the Probabilistic Traveling Salesman Problem, a fundamental a priori optimization problem in Operation Research.
DHICA Paper Revised Final Version Publish Ahead of Print

We report the results of an experimental and theore tical study of the electronic and structural properties of a key eumelanin precursor – 5,6,-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) and its dimeric forms. We have used optical spectroscopy to follow the oxidative polymerization of DHICA to eumelanin, and observe r ed shifting and broadening of the absorption spectrum as the reaction proceeds. First principles density functional theory calculations indicate that DHICA oligomers (possibl e reaction products of oxidative polymerization) have red shifted HOMO-LUMO gaps wit h respect to the monomer. Furthermore, different bonding configurations (lead ing to oligomers with different structures) produce a range of gaps. These experimental and the oretical results lend support to the chemical disorder model where the broad band monotonic absor ption characteristic of all melanins is a consequence of the superposition of a large number of inhomogeneously broadened Gaussian transitions associated with each of the components of a melanin ensemble. These results suggest that the traditional model of eumelanin as an amorp h us organic semiconductor is not required to explain its optical properties, and should be thoro ughly re-examined. These results have significant implications for our understanding of t he physics, chemistry and biological function of these important biological macromolecules. Indee d, one may speculate that the robust functionality of melanins in vitro is a direct consequence of its heterogeneity, i.e. ch mical disorder is a “low cost” natural resource in these systems.
Deep learning is adaptive to intrinsic dimensionality of model smoothness in anisotropic Besov space

Deep learning has exhibited superior performance for various tasks, especially for high-dimensional datasets, such as images. To understand this property, we investigate the approximation and estimation ability of deep learning on {\it anisotropic Besov spaces}. The anisotropic Besov space is characterized by direction-dependent smoothness and includes several function classes that have been investigated thus far. We demonstrate that the approximation error and estimation error of deep learning only depend on the average value of the smoothness parameters in all directions. Consequently, the curse of dimensionality can be avoided if the smoothness of the target function is highly anisotropic. Unlike existing studies, our analysis does not require a low-dimensional structure of the input data. We also investigate the minimax optimality of deep learning and compare its performance with that of the kernel method (more generally, linear estimators). The results show that deep learning has better dependence on the input dimensionality if the target function possesses anisotropic smoothness, and it achieves an adaptive rate for functions with spatially inhomogeneous smoothness.
CHI LaTeX Extended Abstracts Template

Paste the appropriate copyright statement here. ACM now supports three different copyright statements: • ACM copyright: ACM holds the copyright on the work. This is the historical approach. • License: The author(s) retain copyright, but ACM receives an exclusive publication license. • Open Access: The author(s) wish to pay for the work to be open access. The additional fee must be paid to ACM. This text field is large enough to hold the appropriate release statement assuming it is single spaced. Every submission will be assigned their own unique DOI string to be included here. Abstract To generate a hypothesis about the effects of anonymity on user participation in online communities, comments on Youtube were analysed for effects of the change from allowing pseudonyms to Google+ with its real name policy. Small differences were detected, leading to the hypothesis that the option to remain anonymous leads to a less active environment for getting feedback, with less polite and less rude comments on the expense of neutral ones.
Accurate and Scalable Version Identification Using Musically-Motivated Embeddings

The version identification (VI) task deals with the automatic detection of recordings that correspond to the same underlying musical piece. Despite many efforts, VI is still an open problem, with much room for improvement, specially with regard to combining accuracy and scalability. In this paper, we present MOVE, a musically-motivated method for accurate and scalable version identification. MOVE achieves state-of-the-art performance on two publicly-available benchmark sets by learning scalable embeddings in an Euclidean distance space, using a triplet loss and a hard triplet mining strategy. It improves over previous work by employing an alternative input representation, and introducing a novel technique for temporal content summarization, a standardized latent space, and a data augmentation strategy specifically designed for VI. In addition to the main results, we perform an ablation study to highlight the importance of our design choices, and study the relation between embedding dimensionality and model performance.
On Doppler Shift and Its Center-to-limb Variation in Active Regions in the Transition Region

A comprehensive understanding of the structure of Doppler motions in the transition region including the center-to-limb variation and its relationship with the magnetic field structure is vital for the understanding of mass and energy transfer in the solar atmosphere. In this paper, we have performed such a study in an active region using the Si iv 1394 Å emission line recorded by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and the line-of-sight photospheric magnetic field obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The active region has two opposite polarity strong field regions separated by a weak field corridor, which widened as the active region evolved. On average, the strong field regions (corridor) show(s) redshifts of 5–10 (3–9) km s−1 (depending on the date of observation). There is, however, a narrow lane in the middle of the corridor with near-zero Doppler shifts at all disk positions, suggesting that any flows there are very slow. The Doppler velocity distributions in the corridor seem to have two components—a low velocity component centered near 0 km s−1 and a high-velocity component centered near 10 km s−1. The high-velocity component is similar to the velocity distributions in the strong field regions, which have just one component. Both exhibit a small center-to-limb variation and seem to come from the same population of flows. To explain these results, we suggest that the emission from the lower transition region comes primarily from warm type II spicules, and we introduce the idea of a “chromospheric wall”—associated with classical cold spicules—to account for a diminished center-to-limb variation.
Are traditional coping mechanisms effective in managing the risk against extreme events? Evidences from flood-prone region in rural India

Livelihoods of rural poor in developing countries like India are exposed to risks due to natural disasters like floods. Although these risks are covariate, households are affected in varying degrees due to their location and their relative capacity to cope with them. These in turn are household-specific and are decisive in defining the efficacy of coping mechanisms adopted by households to hedge against the impact of floods. The paper attempts to study the nature of risks faced by households in a major flood-prone region of rural India and examine the effectiveness of coping mechanisms adopted. Findings suggest that (i) floods significantly reduce the consumption of households, (ii) traditional coping mechanisms used to manage the impacts are ineffective in safeguarding the risks to their livelihood and (iii) designing comprehensive coping measures, targeting vulnerable groups and combining informal insurance with safety nets will be useful.
Gibberellin Signaling Is Required for Far-Red Light-Induced Shoot Elongation in Pinus tabuliformis Seedlings1

GA signaling is required for FR-induced shoot elongation in P. tabuliformis seedlings, and there are different regulatory targets for FR-mediated GA biosynthesis between conifers and angiosperms. Gibberellin (GA) is known to play an important role in low red/far-red (R:FR) light ratio-mediated hypocotyl and petiole elongation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, the regulatory relationship between low R:FR and GAs remains unclear, especially in gymnosperms. To increase our understanding of the molecular basis of low R:FR-mediated shoot elongation in pines and to determine whether there is an association between low R:FR and GAs action, we explored the morphological and transcriptomic changes triggered by low R:FR, GAs, and paclobutrazol (PAC), a GAs biosynthesis inhibitor, in Pinus tabuliformis seedlings. Transcriptome profiles revealed that low R:FR conditions and GAs have a common set of transcriptional targets in P. tabuliformis. We provide evidence that the effect of low R:FR on shoot elongation in P. tabuliformis is at least partially modulated by GAs accumulation, which can be largely attenuated by PAC. GAs are also involved in the cross talk between different phytohormones in the low R:FR response. A GA biosynthesis gene, encoding ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO), was strongly stimulated by low R:FR without being affected by GAs feedback regulation or the photoperiod. We show that GA signaling is required for low R:FR-induced shoot elongation in P. tabuliformis seedlings, and that there are different regulatory targets for low R:FR-mediated GA biosynthesis between conifers and angiosperms.
Mesophyll conductance in land surface models: Effects on photosynthesis and transpiration.

The CO2 transfer conductance within plant leaves (mesophyll conductance, gm ) is currently not considered explicitly in most land surface models (LSMs), but instead treated implicitly as an intrinsic property of the photosynthetic machinery. Here, we review approaches to overcome this model deficiency by explicitly accounting for gm , which comprises the re-adjustment of photosynthetic parameters and a model describing the variation of gm in dependence of environmental conditions. An explicit representation of gm causes changes in the response of photosynthesis to environmental factors, foremost leaf temperature and ambient CO2 concentration, which are most pronounced when gm is small. These changes in leaf-level photosynthesis translate into a stronger climate and CO2 response of gross primary productivity (GPP) and transpiration at the global scale. The results from two independent studies show consistent latitudinal patterns of these effects with biggest differences in GPP in the boreal zone (up to ~15%). Transpiration and evapotranspiration show spatially similar, but attenuated, changes compared to GPP. These changes are indirect effects of gm caused by the assumed strong coupling between stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in current LSMs. Key uncertainties in these simulations are the variation of gm with light and the robustness of its temperature response across plant types and growth conditions. Future research activities focusing on the response of gm to environmental factors and its relation to other plant traits have the potential to improve the representation of photosynthesis in LSMs and to better understand its present and future role in the Earth system.
MX 2 is a novel regulator of cell cycle in melanoma cells

MX2 protein is a dynamin‐like GTPase2 that has recently been identified as an interferon‐induced restriction factor of HIV‐1 and other primate lentiviruses. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs45430, in an intron of the MX2 gene, was previously reported as a novel melanoma susceptibility locus in genome‐wide association studies. Functionally, however, it is still unclear whether and how MX2 contributes to melanoma susceptibility and tumorigenesis. Here, we show that MX2 is differentially expressed in melanoma tumors and cell lines, with most metastatic cell lines showing lower MX2 expression than primary melanoma cell lines and melanocytes. Furthermore, high expression of MX2 RNA in primary melanoma tumors is associated with better patient survival. Overexpression of MX2 reduces in vivo proliferation partially through inhibition of AKT activation, suggesting that it can act as a tumor suppressor in melanoma. However, we have also identified a subset of melanoma cell lines with high endogenous MX2 expression where downregulation of MX2 leads to reduced proliferation. In these cells, MX2 downregulation interfered with DNA replication and cell cycle processes. Collectively, our data for the first time show that MX2 is functionally involved in the regulation of melanoma proliferation but that its function is context‐dependent.
Development and evaluation of a health‐related quality‐of‐life tool for dogs with Cushing's syndrome

Abstract Background Clinical signs and consequences of Cushing's syndrome are likely to impact upon a dog's life. Quantification of this impact on a dog's health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL) could contribute to optimized disease management. Hypothesis/objectives To develop a novel HRQoL tool to aid assessment of dogs with Cushing's syndrome and to evaluate factors that impact upon dogs living with this disease. Animals Two hundred and ten dogs with Cushing's syndrome and 617 dogs without Cushing's syndrome. Methods Cross‐sectional study design. Dog owners answered questions relating to the HRQoL of their dogs which were refined to develop the final tool. The tool was analyzed for reliability, validity, and interpretability, including Cronbach's alpha and principal components analysis. Factors impacting upon the HRQoL of dogs with Cushing's syndrome were assessed using appropriate nonparametric tests. Results The tool was refined from 32 questions to 19 and showed good internal consistency (α = .83). Owners rated questions related to “owner impact” as more important and those related to demeanor as less important. There was a positive correlation between the tool score of dogs with Cushing's syndrome and owner's assessment of their dog's quality‐of‐life (r = .41, P < .001). Dogs currently on treatment with trilostane had a statistically better HRQoL (.33, interquartile range [IQR] .23–.44) than those not receiving trilostane (.36, IQR .33–.54, P = .04). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The developed tool quantifies the HRQoL of dogs with Cushing's syndrome and could assist clinicians in the clinical assessment of dogs with Cushing's syndrome.
USP18 is a significant driver of memory CD4 T-cell reduced viability caused by type I IFN signaling during primary HIV-1 infection

The loss of Memory CD4 T-cells (Mem) is a major hallmark of HIV-1 immuno-pathogenesis and occurs early during the first months of primary infection. A lot of effort has been put into understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this loss, yet they still have not been fully identified. In this study, we unveil the unreported role of USP18 in the deleterious effects of sustained type I IFN signaling on Mem, including HIV-1-specific CD4 T-cells. We find that interfering with IFN-I signaling pathway in infected patients, notably by targeting the interferon-stimulated gene USP18, resulted in reduced PTEN expression similar to those observed in uninfected control donors. We show that AKT activation in response to cytokine treatment, T-cell receptor (TcR) triggering, as well as HIV-1 Gag stimulation was significantly improved in infected patients when PTEN or USP18 were inhibited. Finally, our data demonstrate that higher USP18 in Mem from infected patients prevent proper cell survival and long-lasting maintenance in an AKT-dependent manner. Altogether, we establish a direct role for type I IFN/USP18 signaling in the maintenance of total and virus-specific Mem and provide a new mechanism for the reduced survival of these populations during primary HIV-1 infection.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Cystic Fibrosis

Abstract Over the past decade, the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection has been increasing in cystic fibrosis patients. Along with this have come a host of complications and burdens to patients that threaten longevity and quality of life. The two main constituents of NTM pulmonary disease, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and M. abscessus, are notoriously difficult to treat with suboptimal clinical responses and are accompanied by high treatment burdens for patients. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of NTM epidemiology, pathogenesis, professional society guidelines for diagnosis and treatment, and the efficacy of current management recommendations, with attention to cystic fibrosis patients. We go on to examine drugs of emerging but unknown efficacy in clinical use to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current state of management of NTM for cystic fibrosis patients.