Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Physical Education Teacher Education Majors Should Be Prepared to Teach Students With Hearing Loss: A National Needs Assessment

A national needs assessment survey is described that gathered information on current practices in physical education in both center-based schools for the deaf and mainstream programs serving deaf and hard of hearing students, grades K–12. The manner in which deaf and hard of hearing students are being served in physical education programs, the depth and breadth of curricula, and the credentials needed to teach are described. The study compares similarities and differences among physical education programs in center-based deaf institutions and mainstream schools. In summary, the study identifies areas of concentration needed in curriculum, and methods of teaching appropriate for student teacher candidates. This information has value for physical education programs that are considering revising their curricula to prepare teacher candidates who wish to work with deaf students.
Teaching and practical guidelines in pulp therapy in primary teeth in Colombia - South America.

OBJECTIVE To describe the teaching practical guidelines in pulp therapy for primary teeth in Colombian dental schools, based on Primosch et al. survey (1997). METHODS A 27-question survey was sent to 31 dental schools. A total of 68 surveys were obtained for analysis of the results, in which pediatric dentists answered 48 surveys, 11 surveys by general practitioners, and 9 were answered but were not identified in any of these groups. RESULTS Indirect pulp treatment (IPT) is taught by pediatric dentists (83%) and general practitioners (90%). Calcium hydroxide and glass ionomer were the preferred materials in this treatment. Pulpotomy is the most commonly procedure used. There was no different percentage in the use of medicaments: cresatin, glutaraldehyde, calcium hydroxide, formocresol. Pulpectomy is taught by general practitioners (73%) and pediatric dentists (96%). The preferred filler material, used by general practitioners (73%) and pediatric dentists (94%), was zinc oxide and eugenol. CONCLUSIONS There is a discrepancy in the choice of treatment and medications for pulp therapy primary teeth between general practitioners and pediatric dentists. The recommendations given in American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) guidelines 2012 for pulp therapy in primary and young permanent teeth are being followed in the majority instances.
"Black blood" T2-weighted inversion-recovery MR imaging of the heart.

PURPOSE To develop a short-inversion-time inversion-recovery (STIR) magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence for evaluating the myocardium that is relatively free of flow and motion artifact. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors implemented a breath-hold, cardiac-triggered STIR sequence with preparatory radio-frequency pulses to eliminate signal from flowing blood. A segmented rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (turbo spin echo) readout was used, with the inversion-recovery delay adjusted to null fat. The sequence was implemented at 1.0 and 1.5 T and tested in phantoms, five healthy volunteers, and three patients. RESULTS Phantom studies confirmed the expected behavior of the sequence. In the volunteers, fat-suppressed images of the heart with STIR contrast were generated in a breath-hold period. Blood in the heart chambers was uniformly nulled, and motion artifacts were effectively suppressed. Focal high signal intensity consistent with edema was seen in two patients with acute myocardial infarction; in a third patient, a paracardiac mass was visualized and sharply demarcated relative to normal myocardium. CONCLUSION Fast STIR imaging of the heart with effective suppression of flow and motion artifacts was implemented. The approach has much potential for high-contrast imaging in a variety of diseases affecting the heart and mediastinum.
Suicide among young Middle Eastern Muslim females.

BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies highlight that within Muslim-dominated Middle Eastern countries suicide rates are high or are increasing among young females. This paper discusses the most important reasons behind this trend. METHODS The literature review started using the PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) search engine, applying four keywords: suicide, young females, Middle East, and Muslim. The search strategy was complemented by hand-searching selected journals or by looking at the reference list of the retrieved papers. RESULTS All retrieved papers confirm a higher rate of suicide or attempted suicide among young Muslim females in the Middle East. Furthermore, the method chosen for suicide, psychiatric disorders, marriage, and masculine role are among the most important interrelated reasons that increase the likelihood of a young female being a victim of suicide. CONCLUSIONS Higher suicide rates among young Middle Eastern Muslim females must be considered an important issue, and their root causes should be dealt with properly and without delay.
Complex network based adaptive artificial bee colony algorithm

The population dynamics of many evolutionary algorithms exhibit complex network properties. The analysis of such network can be used to obtain the meaningful information about population development in time, making it possible to detect less active members. Drawing from these ideas, the self-adaptive complex network analysis based modification to ABC algorithm was proposed in [1], showing some interesting results. This paper continues with the previous research, further improving the previous algorithm, exploring another approaches towards inactive solutions replacement, as well as more sophisticated mechanism of determining the solutions' value for further development of the population. The efficiency of the new algorithm version is evaluated on various standard continuous optimisation scalable benchmark functions and compared to standard ABC, showing that the modified ABC algorithm outperforms the original in most of the cases.
[Feeding habits, natural infection and distribution of domiciliary triatominae in the central region of Brazil].

This is the presentation of data obtained by a study carried out in central Brazil, where the biogeographical characteristics include the "cerrados" (savannah), ample strips of transitional vegetation, and forests. These include the Atlantic tropical forest and the larger forested areas. From 1975 to 1980, a total of 3,160 bugs collected in domiciliar environments were examined to discover the blood feeding habits and the natural infection by Trypanosoma of the cruzi type. Methods were the same as those described in a previous paper. In order of frequency, the species found were: Triatoma infestans (43.5%), T. sordida (33.0%) and Panstrongylus megistus (23.5%), and some other rare ones. Blood was detected in 35.9% and the infection rate was 2.2% of the total specimens examined. Feeding mobility was observed, and the general blood containing rates were 54.0% from birds and 30.0% from humans. High evel of anthropophily was observed for T. infestans, and good degree of ornitophily was detected for T. sordida. For P. megistus considerable ornitophily was found too, but with good levels from mammal hosts. The presence of human blood in specimens collected in peridomiciliar dwelling places indicated frequent spacial morbility, specially for P. megistus and T. sordida. Geographical distribution confirmed the autochthonous pattern of T. sordida in the "cerrado" and of P. megistus in the Atlantic tropical forest. They become invasive to other biogeographical system from these regions. T. infestans showed invasive character for both areas, as a results of human influence. Results permit the conclusion that, in the regional epidemiological transmission of South American trypanosomiasis, T. infestans play the most important role, followed by P. megistus. Depending on several factors, T. sordida may become a potential risk for infestation dwellings. Routine control through the application of domiciliary chemicals will break transmission. However, at least in the peridomiciliary environment, reinfestation will continue mainly by P. megistus and T. sordida. This will be due to natural foci supplied by the human environment, demanding greater efforts in epidemiological surveillance and in its increased efficiency by research development.
THICK DISKS OF EDGE-ON GALAXIES SEEN THROUGH THE SPITZER SURVEY OF STELLAR STRUCTURE IN GALAXIES (S4G): LAIR OF MISSING BARYONS?

Most, if not all, disk galaxies have a thin (classical) disk and a thick disk. In most models thick disks are thought to be a necessary consequence of the disk formation and/or evolution of the galaxy. We present the results of a study of the thick disk properties in a sample of carefully selected edge-on galaxies with types ranging from T = 3 to T = 8. We fitted one-dimensional luminosity profiles with physically motivated functions—the solutions of two stellar and one gaseous isothermal coupled disks in equilibrium—which are likely to yield more accurate results than other functions used in previous studies. The images used for the fits come from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G). We found that thick disks are on average more massive than previously reported, mostly due to the selected fitting function. Typically, the thin and thick disks have similar masses. We also found that thick disks do not flare significantly within the observed range in galactocentric radii and that the ratio of thick-to-thin disk scale heights is higher for galaxies of earlier types. Our results tend to favor an in situ origin for most of the stars in the thick disk. In addition, the thick disk may contain a significant amount of stars coming from satellites accreted after the initial buildup of the galaxy and an extra fraction of stars coming from the secular heating of the thin disk by its own overdensities. Assigning thick disk light to the thin disk component may lead to an underestimate of the overall stellar mass in galaxies because of different mass-to-light ratios in the two disk components. On the basis of our new results, we estimate that disk stellar masses are between 10% and 50% higher than previously thought and we suggest that thick disks are a reservoir of “local missing baryons. ”
Acupuncture in post-date pregnancy: a pilot study

Abstract Aim: Pharmacological labor induction is obtained through intracervical/vaginal prostaglandins and/or oxytocin infusion; however, the use of these agents produces fetal and maternal side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine advocates the use of acupuncture to soften the cervix and induce uterine contractions. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of acupuncture to induce labor. Acupuncture was applied in post-date pregnancies one week before a planned induction; the primary outcome was the rate of women submitted to labor induction for prolonged pregnancy at week 41 + 5. Methods: After informed consent, 221 undelivered women ranging between 40 + 2/40 + 6 gestational age were considered eligible for the study and 202 were randomized to receive acupuncture or observation. Sessions of acupuncture were planned every odd day from the randomization till 41a week plus 4 days. At 41 + 5 week a pharmacological induction of labor was planned. Results: The total rate of labor induction did not significantly differ between observation and acupuncture group (20% versus 17%). Moreover no differences were found as far as the indications to induce labor, in particular “prolonged pregnancy” was similar between groups (8/96 versus 5/99). To investigate between-group differences in time elapsed between inclusion and delivery, survival analysis was performed excluding women requiring labor induction: women receiving acupuncture showed a trend to deliver earlier than women in the observation group (p < 0.09). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that acupuncture applied every odd day for one week seems ineffective in reducing the rate of labor induction performed for prolonged pregnancy at 41 + 5 weeks. Previous reports reached similar conclusions, independently of the different timing, duration and mode of stimuli application.
Design Principles of Lambda’s Lysis/lysogeny Decision vis-a-vis Multiplicity of Infection

Bacteriophage lambda makes lysis/lysogeny decision based on the number of coinfecting phages, namely the multiplicity of infection (MoI): lysis at low MoI; lysogeny at high MoI. Here, by evaluating various rationally designed models on their ability a) to make lytic decision at MoI of 1 and lysogeny decision at MoI of 2, b) to exhibit bistability at the two MoIs, and c) to perform accurately in the presence of noise, it is demonstrated that lambda’s lysis/lysogeny decision is based on three features, namely a) mutual repression, b) cooperative positive autoregulation of cI, and c) cooperative binding of the activator protein, and not basal expression, triggering the positive autoregulatory loop. Cro and CI are sufficient to acquire the first two features. CII is required to acquire the third feature. The quasi-minimal two-protein model for the switch is justified by showing its qualitative equivalence, except for the Cro repression of pRM, to lambda’s gene regulatory network responsible for lysis/lysogeny decision. A three-protein simplified version of lambda’s switch is shown to possess all the three design features. Existence of bistability at MoI of 1 and 2 confer lysogen stability and lytic development’s stability, respectively.
General competencies of problem‐based learning (PBL) and non‐PBL graduates

Introduction Junior doctors have reported shortcomings in their general competencies, such as organisational skills and teamwork. We explored graduates' perceptions of how well their training had prepared them for medical practice and in general competencies in particular. We compared the opinions of graduates from problem‐based learning (PBL) and non‐PBL schools, because PBL is supposed to enhance general competencies.
Delayed processing of global shape information in developmental prosopagnosia

There is accumulating evidence suggesting that a central deficit in developmental prosopagnosia (DP), a disorder characterized by profound and lifelong difficulties with face recognition, concerns impaired holistic processing. Some of this evidence comes from studies using Navon’s paradigm where individuals with DP show a greater local or reduced global bias compared with controls. However, it has not been established what gives rise to this altered processing bias. Is it a reduced global precedence effect, changes in susceptibility to interference effects or both? By analyzing the performance of 10 individuals with DP in Navon’s paradigm we find evidence of a reduced global precedence effect: The DPs are slower than controls to process global but not local shape information. Importantly, and in contrast to previous studies, we demonstrate that the DPs perform normally in a comprehensive test of visual attention, showing normal: visual short-term memory capacity, speed of visual processing, efficiency of top-down selectivity, and allocation of attentional resources. Hence, we conclude that the reduced global precedence effect reflects a perceptual rather than an attentional deficit. We further show that this reduced global precedence effect correlates both with the DPs’ face recognition abilities, as well as their ability to recognize degraded (non-face) objects. We suggest that the DPs’ impaired performance in all three domains (Navon, face and object recognition) may be related to the same dysfunction; delayed derivation of global relative to local shape information.
Multi-year MODIS active fire type classification over the Brazilian Tropical Moist Forest Biome

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Tropical Moist Forest Biome (BTMFB) spans almost 4 million km2 and is subject to extensive annual fires that have been categorized into deforestation, maintenance, and forest fire types. Information on fire types is important as they have different atmospheric emissions and ecological impacts. A supervised classification methodology is presented to classify the fire type of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active fire detections using training data defined by consideration of Brazilian government forest monitoring program annual land cover maps, and using predictor variables concerned with fuel flammability, fuel load, fire behavior, fire seasonality, fire annual frequency, proximity to surface transportation, and local temperature. The fire seasonality, local temperature, and fuel flammability were the most influential on the classification. Classified fire type results for all 1.6 million MODIS Terra and Aqua BTMFB active fire detections over eight years (2003–2010) are presented with an overall fire type classification accuracy of 90.9% (kappa 0.824). The fire type user’s and producer’s classification accuracies were respectively 92.4% and 94.4% (maintenance fires), 88.4% and 87.5% (forest fires), and, 88.7% and 75.0% (deforestation fires). The spatial and temporal distribution of the classified fire types are presented and are similar to patterns reported in the available recent literature.
Analyzing high‐density oligonucleotide gene expression array data

We have developed methods and identified problems associated with the analysis of data generated by high‐density, oligonuceotide gene expression arrays. Our methods are aimed at accounting for many of the sources of variation that make it difficult, at times, to realize consistent results. We present here descriptions of some of these methods and how they impact the analysis of oligonucleotide gene expression array data. We will discuss the process of recognizing the “spots” (or features) on the Affymetrix GeneChip® probe arrays, correcting for background and intensity gradients in the resulting images, scaling/normalizing an array to allow array‐to‐array comparisons, monitoring probe performance with respect to hybridization efficiency, and assessing whether a gene is present or differentially expressed. Examples from the analyses of gene expression validation data are presented to contrast the different methods applied to these types of data. J. Cell. Biochem. 80:192–202, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Public Servants as Development Brokers: The Shaping of INGOs’ Reducing Teenage Pregnancy Projects in Malawi’s Primary Education Sector

Abstract As intermediaries between donors and beneficiaries ‘local development brokers’ play a crucial role in shaping the implementation of development initiatives. They tie together different interests through acts of translation and organise development interfaces, but also pursue their own ambitions. This article examines junior public servants in Malawi’s primary education sector, who as a result of shifting aid modalities and priorities, have become development brokers in the implementation of multiple non-governmental organisation (NGO) projects. Studying their various ‘broker’ roles provides an analytical lens through which to examine the active co-construction of development initiatives, and how brokering affects their position and the school as a public institution. The analysis is based on ethnographic fieldwork at an under-resourced primary school in Mangochi district and on the implementation of norm-promoting projects aiming to keep girls in school and reduce teenage pregnancies. This article describes how brokers facilitate NGO activities, translate global norms into messages that resonate locally, and strategically present successes in line with project discourses. This article argues that these strategies are intended to sustain the projects to benefit the school, the students and to supplement low salaries, thereby prioritising short-term benefits over the quality of education. Donors’ and INGOs’ well-intentioned efforts to strengthen country systems, might result in undermining broader educational goals if these attempts come in the form of multiple small-scale NGO projects. These critical reflections do not travel up the aid chain, as brokers are incentivised to produce successes.
Modelling the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Climate and Venture Performance: The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Competencies

Entrepreneurial ventures constitute important drivers for economic growth and corporate success irrespective of size, age or the industry they play. This study examines the moderating impact of entrepreneurial competencies on the relationship between entrepreneurial climate and venture performance. A sample of 400 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that affiliated with selected professional associations in three geographical regions in Nigeria participated in this study. Hierarchical Multiple Regression, Structural Equation Modelling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to test the proposed model. The results reveal that entrepreneurial competencies strongly moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial climate and venture performance. In addition, entrepreneurial climate and entrepreneurial competencies significantly predict venture performance. The study underscores the significance of entrepreneurial competency dimensions, the understanding of the complexities of the macro environment and the need to focus attention on pertinent entrepreneurial competencies. Our findings suggest that collaboration between government and SMEs practitioners to define suitable institutional settings and capacity building can enhance the survival and performance of entrepreneurial ventures.
RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL CATARACT

THERE are few statistical studies on the results of operation for congenital cataract or on the various factors which influence these results. 1 Hence, the best method of treating patients with this defect and the visual result to be expected have not been definitely established. 2 To obtain more information on this subject, a study was made of 148 patients with congenital cataract. The study included an analysis of the results of operations performed on 231 eyes at the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute between January 1925 and October 1943. The fol- low-up period for the group ranged from no return visit to a maximum of twenty-two years, the average period being nineteen months. The importance of various factors on the final visual result was first studied. These factors were then analyzed for their influence on the occurrence of operative or postoperative complications and on the necessity of secondary operations. FACTORS INFLUENCING