Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symbolic Abstraction with SMT Solvers

Symbolic Abstraction with SMT Solvers Yi Li Master of Science Graduate Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 2013 Numerical invariant generation is an important program analysis task with uses spanning compiler optimizations, bug finding, and verification. Abstract interpretation with numerical domains is one of the most scalable automated techniques for computing numerical invariants. Unfortunately, efficiency is often achieved by employing imprecise operations (e.g., join and abstract post). Moreover, expressive domains such as polyhedra are expensive, and efficient domains such as intervals are often too weak to prove interesting program properties. In this thesis, we present Symba, a novel algorithm that harnesses the power and precision of SMT solvers, in order to (1) implement precise (best) abstract transformers over large program segments described as formulas in linear real arithmetic (QF LRA), thus avoiding the imprecision incurred by abstract post computations over single instructions or basic blocks; (2) avoid the use of imprecise join operations by symbolically and efficiently enumerating program paths; and (3) enable invariant generation in the Template Constraint Matrix (TCM) domain, a parameterized domain that subsumes intervals, octagons, and octahedra, amongst other domains.
Transient Application, Recirculating Pool Fire, Agent Effectiveness Screen: Final Report, NGP Project 3A/890

Abstract : In this study, a laboratory-scale facility has been developed to screen the suppression effectiveness of agents that are delivered in a transient fashion such as solid propellant gas generators. The transient application, recirculating pool fire (TARPF) agent effectiveness screen features a propane fire stabilized behind an obstruction, which is known to be a highly challenging suppression configuration. The character of the flame and the impact of the air flow, fuel flow, obstruction geometry, and rate of agent addition on the amount of material needed for importance of the injection process on the flow field and the transport of the agent downstream is examined, and a simple mixing model is used to explain the observed trend of decreasing suppressant mole fraction with increasing injection duration, even for agents as different as CF3Br and N2. Direct numerical simulation of the suppression event is shown to successfully predict the quantity and rate of N2 required to extinguish the flame based upon a published global reaction fate for premixed propane/air flame propagation.
An investigation into haematological and serum chemistry parameters of rabbits in Trinidad.

Blood samples were collected from a total of 70 rabbits at three locations in Trinidad. The locations were the University Field Station (n=46), the School of Veterinary Medicine (n=11), and the Eastern Caribbean Institute of Agriculture and Forestry (n=13). Complete blood counts and serum chemistry determinations were done for each sample. Values obtained were compared to reference ranges in the literature. The effects of gender, maturity (juveniles vs. adults), breed (New Zealand White vs. Mixed), and rabbitry on all parameters were examined. Mixed rabbits were crossbreds consisting of at least two breeds: New Zealand White, Californian, Checkered Giant. A comparison was made between values for haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and white blood cell count, obtained by manual and automated methods. Most values obtained were within the ranges of those in the literature with the exception of urea (5.5? 7.0 mmol/L), albumin (50.56? 52.98 g/L) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (572.70? 821.98 U/L). Albumin and CPK concentrations were higher and urea lower (P<0.05) for the present study. Significant differences (P<0.05) between automated and manual values were found for haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), with values for automated methods being higher for Hb and MCHC and lower for PCV. For the leukon, husbandry practices had an effect on neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, and platelet values while maturity influenced neutrophil and lymphocyte counts (P<0.05). The automated white blood cell count (WBCa) was affected by breed (P<0.05). In the case of the erythron, husbandry practices affected automated PCV and MCHC values, and red blood cell counts (RBC)(P<0.05). Maturity influenced automated Hb and PCV values, and RBC (P<0.05). Mixed breeds had higher automated Hb, PCV and RBC values than New Zealand White rabbits (P<0.05). Male rabbits had higher values than females for manual and automated Hb, manual and automated PCV, and RBC (P<0.05). For serum chemistry, husbandry practices had an effect on potassium (K), phosphorus (P), creatinine, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), amylase and calcium (P<0.05). Phosphorus, AST, cholesterol and glucose were higher for juveniles; while chloride was higher for adult rabbits (P<0.05). Only CPK was affected by breed, with the mixed breed having higher values than New Zealand White rabbits (P<0.05). Males had higher values for potassium, total protein, and albumin, while females had higher values for cholesterol (P<0.05). Haematology and serum chemistry reference intervals obtained in this study may therefore be considered useful baseline values for domestic rabbit populations in the Caribbean.
Political Agency Model of Persistent Electoral Success with Endogenous Rents

The paper presents a political agency model that observes how budgetary decisions on public good production affect the prospects of holding office for an incumbent political party. A simple budgetary function is broadened to include other expenditures such as public sector wages and social transfers so as to present a constraint to rent-extraction. Upon this a ratio of public goods to other expenditures is determined, which the party must keep within certain boundaries set by the voters. Rents are extracted from public good expenditures instead of being exogenously given as a part of a budget, as the party must be able to conceal rent-extraction due to constitutional boundaries. The incumbent’s decision on rents and public good production directly affects the state of the economy upon which the voters decide whether to re-elect the incumbent or not. Incumbents make their decisions based on observing the economic growth shock. For high levels of growth they decide to respect the voter re-election rule, while for low levels they will defect and extract maximum rents. In a repeated game setting an incumbent will always chose the optimal strategy with respect to the observed growth shock. This way, for high enough levels of economic growth an incumbent party may stay in office for an infinite amount of periods and keep maximizing rents with respect to the given constraints, without having to trade-off rents for holding office. The paper presents empirical evidence on United States gubernatorial and state legislature elections from 1992 to 2008 to evaluate the underlining theory.
Localized Participation : A Case Study on Workplace Diversity Dialogues Implementation

Three presentations are provided from Symposium 14, Workforce Diversity, of the Academy of Human Resource Development (HRD) 2000 Conference Proceedings. "Cross-Organizational vs. Localized Participation: A Case Study on Workplace Diversity Dialogues Implementation" (Martin B. Kormanik, Daniel A. Krieger, Timothy E. Tilghman) compares dialogue from participants drawn from across the organization with others drawn from one organizational component. Discussion highlights strategies for implementation in the workplace, implications for practitioners, and suggestions for research. "Evaluation of Diversity Initiatives in Multinational Corporations" (Rose Mary Wentling) describes a study of eight multinational corporations and reports that, despite difficulty in determining the impact of diversity initiatives, corporations are making efforts to come up with measurements that can lead them to confirm the value that diversity initiatives have to the organization's profitability. "Change: The Japanese Workplace and the Aging Workforce" (Mary E. Repass, Letitia A. Combs) explores new trends that are occurring and have developed-in the Japanese workplace; contributes to the understanding of changes occurring in the lives of the Japanese older worker; highlights the challenges and choices of future work for older adults in Japan; and generates research questions on the roles and workplace options for older adults. The papers contain reference sections. (YLB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 2000 AHRD Conference
The partial mediation effect of satisfaction with social support and coping effectiveness on health-related quality of life and perceived stress long-term after heart transplantation

: The purpose of this research was to examine whether satisfaction with social support and coping effectiveness mediate the relationship between stress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) 5 years after heart transplantation. Data were collected from 212 heart transplant patients (80% male, 92% white, mean age 59.9 years) at four United States sites using the Heart Transplant Stressor Scale, Social Support Index, Jalowiec Coping Scale, and Quality of Life Index. Using Baron and Kenny’s approach, a series of regression equations for mediation revealed that both satisfaction with social support and coping partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and HRQOL. Understanding the relationships of social support, stress, and coping on patients’ HRQOL is important for the development of interventions to provide optimal patient care.
Characteristics of wild boar (Sus scrofa) habituation to urban areas in the Collserola Natural Park (Barcelona) and comparison with other locations

Caracteristicas de la habituacion de jabalies (Sus scrofa) a las areas urbanas en el Parque Natural de la Sierra de Collserola y comparacion con otros lugares El crecimiento paralelo de las zonas urbanas y de las poblaciones de jabalies durante los anos recientes ha significado un aumento de la presencia de esta especie en las proximidades de las ciudades y de las areas suburbanas donde a menudo representan una fuente de conflicto con las personas. En el Parque Natural de la Sierra de Collserola, situado en el area metropolitana de Barcelona, el jabali se ha habituado a las personas y a las areas urbanas como consecuencia de la alimentacion directa por parte de vecinos. Su atraccion a dichas areas debido a una abundancia de alimento de origen antropogenico es especialmente fuerte durante los veranos calidos cuando las condiciones troficas son peores en su habitat forestal natural; el numero de capturas de jabalies habituados en areas periurbanas esta significativamente correlacionado con las temperaturas medias mensuales. Los jabalies habituados son principalmente grupos matriarcales, mientras que los machos adultos y subadultos (> 1 ano) estan significativamente menos representados, a diferencia de lo que se observa en los no habituados. En Collserola, las hembras adultas y subadultas habituadas pesan significativamente mas que las hembras no habituadas y las diferencias de peso entre ellas incrementan a mayor edad; las > 3 anos pueden pesar un 35% mas. Los conflictos generados por la presencia de jabalies en areas periurbanas son complejos, y las respuestas por parte de las autoridades son tambien diversas y a menudo exacerbadas por unas actitudes ambivalentes por parte del publico, tanto en lo que se refiere a la presencia del jabali como a las medidas de mitigacion aplicadas. Hasta el 2010, por lo menos 44 ciudades de 15 paises habian registrado problemas de algun tipo relacionado con la presencia de jabalies, o cerdos asilvestrados.
Positive Emotions, Social Cognition and Intertemporal Choice

The impact of positive emotions on social cognition has received increasing attention over the past decade. It is quite clear that the experience of such emotions influences the way we process information about the social environment. Pride, for example, has been shown automatically to cue evaluations of higher status and dominance (Tracy, Shariff, Zhao, & Heinrich, 2013); similarly, happiness has been found to impact moral decision making (Valdesolo & DeSteno, 2006) and to increase the use of stereotypical information (Bodenhausen, Kramer, & Süsser, 1994). Other chapters in this volume address a variety of specific influences, as well as mechanisms by which discrete positive emotions shape thought and behavior. Here, we focus on a narrow aspect of social cognition that we think unifies many positive emotions in terms of function, and has the potential to bridge existing theories of social cognition, person perception, and morality. Specifically, we are interested in the influence of positive emotions on “intertemporal choice,” by which we mean decisions that have different consequences as time unfolds. We propose that positive emotions function in large part to motivate adaptive intertemporal choice, delaying immediate rewards for the possibility of long-term rewards. They do this by enhancing an individual’s “social value” (defined as the value others in a social group ascribe to an individual as an interaction partner) through the motivation of behaviors and decisions that cultivate perceptions of warmth and competence— two basic dimensions of person perception (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007). If one adopts a definition of moral systems as those characterized by cooperative and flourishing social life (cf. Haidt & Kesebir, 2010), then this perspective on positive emotions has direct implications for theories of morality and, specifically, moral emotions.
Irreversible vs. reversible bridging: When is kinetics relevant for adhesion?

We study theoretically the adhesion between two approaching surfaces, one containing tethered ligands and the other receptors. Using the reaction-diffusion formalism, we show that the range of adhesion lr is generally determined by a combination of tether dynamics, ligand-receptor affinity and experimental speed of approach v. Contrary to previous studies, we fully account for back reactions and are thus able to describe the crossover between irreversible adhesion at large affinities or high speed v and reversible adhesion at small affinities or low speed. We also briefly discuss the case of rupture and show that in the limit of irreversible adhesion the rupture occurs always at a larger distance than lr determined for approaching surfaces.
Causes and risk factors

By far, the single most common cause of Cushing syndrome today (as many as 12 cases/ 1 million people) is the use of corticosteroid medications to treat a wide variety of disease states, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. The prevalence of hypercortisolism from all other causes combined is only 13 cases per 1 million people nationally. The overall incidence is estimated as 2 new cases per 1 million persons per year. Females are eight times more likely than males to develop hypercortisolism from a pituitary tumor and three times more likely to develop a cortisol-secreting adrenal tumor. However, hormone-producing lung tumors that cause hypercortisolism are more common in males. Ninety percent of all cases of Cushing syndrome occur during adulthood. The incidence of Cushing syndrome in children is estimated at approximately 0.2 cases per 1 million persons per year. The peak incidence of Cushing syndrome due to an adrenal or pituitary tumor occurs in persons 25–40 years of age.
Hemocyanin concentrations in marine crustaceans as a function of environmental conditions

A variety of physiological and biochemical measures have been proposed in the literature as indicators of environmental quality. Here we report studies which were designed to determine if hemolymph hemocyanin concentrations in blue crabs Callinectes sapidus could be correlated with environmental water quality. To this end hemocyanin concentrations were measured in hemolymph of blue crabs collected from North Carolina, Florida, and Texas, USA. Blue crabs from isolated estuarine systems in eastern North Carolina (i.e. Albemarle/Pamlico Sound area) had significantly lower concentrations of hemocyanin in their hemolymph than crabs from reference areas (i.e. Core and Currituck Sounds). These lower concentrations could be correlated with reduced dissolved oxygen and chronic hypoxia, but not with any known sources of anthropogenic contamination. Among crabs from Tampa Bay (Florida) and the Houston (Texas) Ship Channel there was a negative correlation between the degree of industrialization and organic contaminants in the digestive gland and sediments and hemocyanin concentration. In the Houston Ship Channel decreased dissolved oxygen confounded the possible correlation with contaminants. In all areas sampled, lower concentrations of hemocyanin were not correlated with either the apparent health or sex of the crabs or with salinity.
Gaze-cueing of attention distorts visual space

A briefly presented peripheral flash is often mislocalized with a bias toward an attended object. The target mislocalization has been ascribed to the integration of location signals between a target and an attended object, and this results in the mislocalization of the target toward the attended object. It was unclear whether external objects that attract observer’s attention were necessary to cause the target mislocalization. This study aimed at examining whether the target mislocalization occurred when the shift of observers’ attention was induced by gaze cueing, in which observer’s attention is shifted in the direction of other’s gaze. This cueing paradigm requires no external object to attract attention, thus it enabled us to directly examine the necessity of external objects in the target mislocalization. Stimuli consisted of a pictorial face, a target, and a probe. First, the pictorial face was presented, and its gaze was shifted so as to look at either upper-right or upper-left. The target was successively presented for 50 msec. After a temporal interval of 0 or 2000 msec was inserted as a retention interval, the probe was presented below the target. The observers’ task was to judge whether the target had appeared at the left or right side of the probe location. The target was significantly mislocalized in the direction of gaze shift only when the retention interval was 2000 msec. Moreover, reaction time for detecting a target was shorter at the gazed than non-gazed location. These results suggest that the mislocalization does not require external objects attracting attention. Previous studies have showed that attention changes local neural signals, and hence, neural signals of target location are averaged with the attention-induced local change in neural signals, resulting in the target mislocalization toward the gazed location.
Engaging sociologists: An A-Level tutoring and mentoring outreach project with 2nd year undergraduate students

This article is a collaborative piece of work co-written by two university academic staff (AM and RW), an FE college lecturer (PS), and two undergraduate students (GF and DH) who recently participated in the tutor/mentor scheme. The university academics are both experienced higher education lecturers and active researchers, AM previously taught in school, and RW used to teach in further education. Both AM and RW have worked extensively in widening participation and outreach activities within the university and beyond. We report here on a scheme designed to both help local Sociology A-Level students, and also to offer our undergraduate students a chance to ‘give something back’ (Brine and Waller, 2004) to the wider academic community whilst gaining useful skills and first-hand experience of teaching
Internal Barriers, Personal Issues, and Decisions Faced by Gifted and Talented Females

esearch with talented females has revealed a number of internal barriers, personal priorities, and decisions that have consistently emerged as the reasons that many either cannot or do not realize their potential. These barriers, priorities, and personal decisions were identified in hundreds of interviews conducted with girls and women at various ages, stages across the life span and in a variety of occupations (Reis, 1998). Of course, not all gifted women experience the same dilemmas and decisions, but commonalities have been found in research on this population. These include dilemmas about abilities and talents, personal decisions about family, decisions about duty and caring (putting the needs of others first) as opposed to nurturing personal, religious, and social issues. It is difficult, if not impossible, to discuss gifted girls without discussing gifted women because many young gifted girls believe that they can “do it all” or “have it all,” while many older gifted females have learned that they cannot. Internal Barriers, Personal Issues, and Decisions Faced by
Structural interpretation of polarized absorption spectra of the A1-Fe-Mn-Cr epidotes

Summary. Measurements have been made of the magnetic susceptibility and of the polarized absorption spectra of epidotes of the A1-Fe, A1-Fe-Mn, and Al-Cr series. Magnetic susceptibility measurements at room temperature by the Guoy method indicate that Fe 3+, Mn a+, and Cr 3+ are in 'high-spin' electronic states in the epidote structure, and the electronic transitions observed in the absorption spectra have been assigned on this basis. The polarized spectra, measured over the range 4000 to 22 000 ~ by a polarizing microscope using a universal stage technique, showed each epidote group to be distinctly pleochroie. This pleochroism correlates with the presence of ions in distorted coordination sites. Extinction coefficients of Fe 3+ in epidote are higher than those for other Fe (III) compounds, indicating that Fe 8+ ions occupy the non-centrosymmetric (A1, Fe) site. The low value (13200 cm -1 at 0.155 Fe 3+ and 12700 cm -1 at 0.915 Fe 3+) of the crystal-field splitting parameter, A, implies that the site is easily expanded to accommodate ions larger than A13§ There is also evidence that increasing Fe 3+ content causes distortion of the (A1,Fe)06 octahedron, suggesting a possible mechanism for the zoisite ~- clinozoisite transition. The spectra of A1-Mu-Fe epidotes have been interpreted in terms of intense contributions from Mn 3+ ions in the non-centrosymmetric (A1, Fe) site, and weak contributions from Mn 3+ ions in the centrosymmetrie AIOH site. Values of A vary from 13730 cm -1 (0.082 Mn 3+) to 13400 cm -1 {0.747 Mn3+). Both (A1, Fc) and A1OH sites have strong tetragonal distortions (c/a ~ 0.95), leading to the observed large Jahn-Teller splitting of 12000 cm -1. The A1-Cr epidote spectra show weak absorption bands, attributed to Cr 3+ ions in a centrosymmetric site of approximately orthorhombic symmetry (i.e. the A10 site). The value of A is about 16300 cm -1. Review of all available data on the distribution of Fe 3e, Mn 3+, and Cr 3+ between the sites gives the following site preferences: Fe 3+, A1 ~ A10 ~ A1OH; Mn 3+, A1 ~ AIOH ~ A10 ; Cr 3+, AlO ~ A1, AIOH.