Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports 2013:4 49–59 Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports Dovepress
Theoretical and experimental study of polarization switching in long-wavelength VCSELs subject to parallel optical injection

We report a theoretical and experimental analysis of the polarization switching found in a single-transverse mode VCSEL when subject to parallel optical injection. We have found a novel situation in which injection locking of the parallel polarization and excitation of the free-running orthogonal polarization of the VCSEL are simultaneously obtained. Analytical expressions for the power of both linear polarizations in the previous steady state are determined. We show that considering two linear polarization modes in a model of a VCSEL subject to parallel optical injection leads to simpler expressions than those found for a VCSEL with only a single linear polarization. We show that the power emitted in both linear polarizations depend linearly on the injected power. The stability region of this solution is measured in the plane injected power versus frequency detuning.
Organizational and technological paradigms: asynchronized structural breaks, uneven evolution of paradigms and firm growth between complementarities and substitutabilities

The paper develops an analysis of the interaction between organizational innovations (from Taylor-Fordism to Toyotism) and technological innovations (from electromechanical to electronic), arguing that these constitute the primary drivers of changes in productivity, efficiency and consequently in the structure of costs and in the potential mark-ups of single firms. These innovations sometimes completely overturn the existing order and at other times simply reshape it. In both cases (but much more likely in the first) the initial conditions for a crisis are generated within the business system, with all the consequences that Ferri and Minsky have extensively studied. Complicating the picture of the foreseeable consequences is the hypothesis of complementarity between not just the two factors per se, but between bundles of technological devices and organizational practices (where both the ingredients and their intensity of adoptions matter). In such a context, relative price is not an applicable tool to assess how the two factors combine. Taken in isolation, the two factors (but also each ingredient of a given performing bundle) are unable to entirely explain the consequences of internal structural breaks on firm economic activity since the concausal links are lost from sight. A formalization of the possible combinations of technology and organization through the mathematical concepts of convexity and concavity for the study of optimality conditions requires assuming hypotheses that are hardly plausible: the infinite divisibility of choices, the possibility that a choice may be exercised on a single variable, the economies of scale and learning, and spurious combinations within bundles are incompatible with the concavity of the objective function. In addition, the distinction between technology and organization as artefacts and technology and organization in use, the role of the knowledge-gap and problem-solving gap in daily operational activities, combined with the non-ergodic nature of the real context in which technological and organizational innovations take place, make it more realistic - according to the analysis carried out - to assume that these changes occur along stochastic sequential processes, more precisely, discrete-time sequential stochastic processes. The foreseeable outcome is a set of ‘local’ optimal positions of firms, each of which reflects a certain consistency of the various ingredients used. With the addition of historical time, these local positions change, giving rise to completely different topographic profiles.
Peasant households' acces to land and income diversification. The Peruvian-andean case 1998-2000

Using data for a sample of households in six villages from the North and Central Peruvian Sierra, we investigate the role played by access to assets, land in particular, in determining farm and non-farm income sources. The empirical relationship between assets and income sources is derived from a household model.Ordinary Least Square and Tobit models were used for the empirical analysis. Evidence suggests that the relationship between land and income diversification is influenced by village specific characteristics. In general, results have demonstrated the importance of assets such as natural, physical, human and social as key determinants of rural income in Peruvian Sierra. For the particular case of this study, in which families are located in a poor region with low level of economic development, it is pertinent to assume that the push factors have a decisive influence in defining the participation of these families in rural non-farm activities. That is to say, non-farm rural activities are fundamentally activities of “refuge” that allow the family to have access to a source of an immediate and relatively secure income – being less risky than agriculture – although participating in activities of low productivity.
Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type II antibodies in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected patients in Benin City, Nigeria

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons Attribution 4.0 licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type II antibodies in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected patients in Benin City, Nigeria Okwara BU, Eze EU, Onunu AN, Kubeyinje EP, Unuigbe EU, Okwara OHN Department of Internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Centre for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria.
A New Titanosaur Sauropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia, Argentina

A new sauropod titanosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Anacleto Formation is described. Narambuenatitan palomoi gen. et sp. nov., is diagnosed by cranial and axial autapomorphies. The holotype, which represent a subadult individual, consists of the left premaxilla and maxilla, braincase, both quadrates, one cervical vertebrae, one dorsal vertebra, fragments of cervical and dorsal ribs, seventeen caudal vertebrae, caudal transverse processes, fragments of haemal arches, left sternal plate, right coracoid, left humerus, left ulnae, both pubes, iliac pedicel, proximal fragment of right ischia, and an incomplete left femur. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that Narambuenatitan is a non-eutitanosaurian lithostrotian, and that it shares with Epachthosaurus a neural spine in middle caudal vertebrae which are laminar and posteriorly elongated.
Causes and consequences of population growth: the Benjamin Franklin’s 'Observations'

Causes and consequences of population growth: the Benjamin Franklin’s Observations The short essay entitled Observations concerning the increase of mankind and the peopling of countries , written by Benjamin Franklin in 1751, traced some interesting and innovative insights relating to the causes and consequences of population growth. This pioneering work has been cited by many authors and has greatly influenced Malthus in the preparation of the second edition of his An Essay on the Principle of Population . This paper investigates Franklin’s Observations, and considers both its content (focusing on its demographic figures), and the underlying motivations that led Franklin to write it. The main message that emerges is that England should not be afraid of the population growth in the American colonies given that it ensures a growing demand for English goods. The Observations were written with only a political purpose in mind and can be considered neither scientific nor pre-scientific. However, this essay contains several insights and some accurate predictions, highlighting Franklin’s ability to use his logic and deductive reasoning. Cause e conseguenze dello sviluppo della popolazione: le Observations di Benjamin Franklin Il breve saggio intitolato Observations concerning the increase of mankind and the peopling of countries , scritto da Benjamin Franklin nel 1751, contiene alcune interessanti e innovative intuizioni relative alle cause e alle conseguenze della crescita della popolazione. Si tratta di un lavoro pionieristico che e stato citato da molti autori nei decenni successivi, influenzando fortemente Malthus nella preparazione della seconda edizione del An Essay on the Principle of Population . Il presente articolo esamina nel dettaglio le Observations di Franklin considerando sia il loro contenuto (concentrandosi in particolar modo sugli aspetti demografici) sia le motivazioni che hanno spinto Franklin a scriverle. Il messaggio principale che emerge e che l’Inghilterra non deve preoccuparsi della crescita della popolazione nelle colonie americane, dato che questa dinamica garantisce un aumento della domanda dei beni importati dalla madre patria. Le Observations sono state scritte con uno scopo meramente politico e non possono essere considerate ne un opera scientifica ne pre-scientifica. Tuttavia, il saggio in questione contiene diversi spunti interessanti ed alcune previsioni accurate, mettendo in evidenza le eccezionali capacita di Franklin di usare la logica e il ragionamento deduttivo.
Seasonal variations of CO and HCN in the troposphere measured by solar absorption spectroscopy over Poker Flat, Alaska

Tropospheric partial column abundances of CO and HCN have been retrieved from infrared solar spectra observed with a ground‐based spectrometer at Poker Flat Alaska (65°N, 147°W) over the time period from 2000 to 2004. From these data we report the transpacific transport induced inter‐annual variability of tropospheric CO over Poker Flat. This is the first report of solar infrared data from the Poker Flat station, where the geographical location of the site means that remote sensing measurements are sampling the transport of transpacific air parcels going to Northern America from Eastern Siberia and Asia. The five year time‐span of the data also show significant differences in year to year CO and HCN tropospheric column enhancements driven by changes in Siberian/Asian pollution sources.
The spin and orbit of the newly discovered pulsar IGR J17480-2446

We present an analysis of the spin and orbital properties of the newly discovered accreting pulsar IGR J17480-2446, located in the globular cluster Terzan 5. Considering the pulses detected by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer at a period of 90.539645(2) ms, we derive a solution for the 21.27454(8) hr binary system. The binary mass function is estimated to be 0.021275(5) M o , indicating a companion star with a mass larger than 0.4 M ⊙ . The X-ray pulsar spins up while accreting at a rate of between 1.2 and 1.7 x 10 -12 Hz s -1 , in agreement with the accretion of disc matter angular momentum given the observed luminosity. We also report the detection of pulsations at the spin period of the source during a Swift observation performed ~2 d before the beginning of the RXTE coverage. Assuming that the inner disc radius lies in between the neutron star radius and the corotation radius while the source shows pulsations, we estimate the magnetic field of the neutron star to be within ~2 x 10 8 G and ~2.4 x 10 10 G. From this estimate, the value of the spin period and of the observed spin-up rate, we associate this source with the still poorly sampled population of slow, mildly recycled, accreting pulsars.
EXPERIENTIAL VIRTUAL URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

Virtual reality (VR) technologies enable users to be virtually immersed in reconstructed cities and streets from around the globe. Immersive technologies could provide users a suggestive sensation of “being there” in a reconstructed virtual urban environments (VUE). This research argues that experiential VUE could promote better understanding of a place while offering unique interactions within its surrounding elements. The aim of this research is to present a preliminary study of the factors determining place experience in a VUE. This research examines two related VUE case studies that offer real-time navigation via a 3D virtual environment (VE) platform to analyse the functionality of the offered interactions and user experience via its contents. Although preliminary investigations have shown some promising results in real-time virtual city walkthroughs, there are still some issues that still need to be addressed in order to provide experiential contents. Based on the findings, this research suggests future VUE improvements focusing on contextual setting, interactivity, navigation, level of details, viewpoints and auditory elements to provide an experiential walkthrough within a VUE. Findings from the case studies would assist and identify specific elements suitable for future development of more meaningful and experiential VUE in the Malaysian context.
Navigating ‘taxation’ on the Congo River: the interplay of legitimation and ‘officialisation’

ABSTRACT Based on comprehensive research among boat operators and navy personnel working on the Congo River (DRC), this article explores how assessments of ‘taxation’ are shaped by the interplay of legitimation and ‘officialisation’. As such, it draws upon and contributes to scholarly debates on taxpayers’ attitudes towards taxation. While boat operators resent having to pay a plethora of authorities, including the navy, along the Congo River, the article demonstrates how they locate these ‘taxes’ on a spectrum from more to less legitimate. These assessments are shaped by various factors: authorities’ legitimacy as ‘measured’ by their official mandate and importance; public and non-official service provision; and the deployment of symbols of ‘stateness’. In interaction, these factors legitimise and ‘officialise’ ‘taxes’ by the navy that are prohibited in legislation. These findings caution against the a priori use of the labels ‘official’ and ‘non-official’, emphasising the need to better grasp these notions’ emic understandings.
Seasonal logging, process response, and geomorphic work

Abstract. Deforestation is a prominent anthropogenic cause of erosive overland flow and slope instability, boosting rates of soil erosion and concomitant sediment flux. Conventional methods of gauging or estimating post-logging sediment flux often focus on annual timescales but overlook potentially important process response on shorter intervals immediately following timber harvest. We resolve such dynamics with non-parametric quantile regression forests (QRF) based on high-frequency (3 min) discharge measurements and sediment concentration data sampled every 30–60 min in similar-sized (∼0.1 km2) forested Chilean catchments that were logged during either the rainy or the dry season. The method of QRF builds on the random forest algorithm, and combines quantile regression with repeated random sub-sampling of both cases and predictors. The algorithm belongs to the family of decision-tree classifiers, which allow quantifying relevant predictors in high-dimensional parameter space. We find that, where no logging occurred, ∼80% of the total sediment load was transported during extremely variable runoff events during only 5% of the monitoring period. In particular, dry-season logging dampened the relative role of these rare, extreme sediment-transport events by increasing load efficiency during more efficient moderate events. We show that QRFs outperform traditional sediment rating curves (SRCs) in terms of accurately simulating short-term dynamics of sediment flux, and conclude that QRF may reliably support forest management recommendations by providing robust simulations of post-logging response of water and sediment fluxes at high temporal resolution.
Linkages of Socio-Economic, Self-Perceptive and Cultural Factors to the Beauty Premium and Grade Point Average

The beauty premium has been associated with higher wages, more opportunities and even higher grades in many studies. Using a holistic framework, this study was conducted with the goal of linking socioeconomic, self-perceptive and cultural factors to the beauty premium and student GPAs in a Korean university. Using data from Korean business students and beauty ratings from a pool of foreign and domestic professors, statistical analysis was performed to test for the existence of the beauty premium as well as measure the impact of various factors on student beauty perceptions and GPA. No significant amount of beauty premium was found and although the foreign beauty evaluators had higher attractiveness perceptions presumably based on cultural reasons, they had very little influence over GPA. Additionally, of all variables investigated, certain self-perceptive attributes influenced GPA the most.
Gaussian heat kernel estimates: From functions to forms

Abstract On a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold satisfying the volume doubling property, we give conditions on the negative part of the Ricci curvature that ensure that, unless there are harmonic 1-forms, the Gaussian heat kernel upper estimate on functions transfers to one-forms. These conditions do no entail any constraint on the size of the Ricci curvature, only on its decay at infinity.
Mucous gland adenoma of a segment bronchus - Case report

BackgroundMucous gland adenoma of the bronchus is a rare benign epithelial tumor. The majority arises from the submucosal seromucous glands and ducts of the proximal airways. In bronchus biopsy specimen it might be difficult to distinguish mucous gland adenomas from low-grade malignant tumors, such as carcinoids, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, or adenoid cystic carcinomas. Complete tumor resection serves for both definite diagnosis and potential curative treatment.CaseA non smoking man of 78 years suffered from cough, dyspnea and recently from hemoptysis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a polypoid, well-circumscribed mass in the right posterior segmental bronchus. A bronchoscopic tumor excision was performed.Histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC)The tumor displayed with exuberant dilated cystic glands lined by columnar, cuboidal or flattened mucus secreting cells. IHC was positive for EMA, CKAE1/AE3, and negative for TTF1.ConclusionUncommon benign bronchus adenomas should be taken into account in addition to the common malignant lung carcinomas with endobronchial growth pattern. Endoscopic tumor excision of bronchus adenomas is indicated for potential curative treatment, especially in patients of higher age.
Title Subsidy Policies with Learning from Stochastic Experiences Permalink

Many new products presumed to be privately beneficial to the poor have a high price elasticity of demand and ultimately zero take-up rate at market prices. This has led governments and donors to provide subsidies to increase the take-up, with the hope of reducing the subsidies once the value of the product is better known. In this study, we use data from a two-year field experiment in rural China to define the optimum subsidy scheme that can insure a given take-up for a new weather insurance product for rice producers. We estimate both reduced form causal channels and a structural model of learning from stochastic experience which we use to conduct policy simulations. Results show that the optimum current subsidy necessary to achieve a desired level of take-up rate depends on both past subsidy levels and past payout rates, implying that subsidy levels should vary locally year-to-year.
Prey selection by Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) of Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Prey selection by tiger in Chitwan National Park, Nepal was studied from 77 tiger scats that contained the remains of principal prey species. The scats were collected from January to March 2010. Government reports on herbivore population in Chitwan provided the base data on density of principal prey species. In order to understand prey selectivity, the observed proportion of prey species in the scats were compared with the expected proportion derived from density estimates. The observed scat frequency of Sambar, Hog Deer and Wild Boar was found to be greater than the estimated frequency, and the reverse was true for Chital and Muntjac. The average weight of the principal prey species killed was 84 kg. According to our results, Chital and Sambar constituted the bulk (82.07%), and Hog Deer, Wild Boar, and Muntjac constituted 17.93% of the tiger diet. Sambar contributed the largest bulk (43.75%) of prey composition, but Chital constituted the relatively most killed (50.36%) prey species. The present study makes a contribution to an understanding of the status of prey composition in tiger scat in Chitwan during the year 2010. The study also highlights that both large and medium sized prey are important for the conservation of tiger in Chitwan National Park.
Household Saving Rates and the Design of Social Security Programmes: Evidence from a Country Panel

I argue that the offsetting effect of social security contributions on household retirement saving depends on how closely the social security programme imitates a private retirement saving plan (i.e. the ‘actuarial’ component of the social security programme) – the closer the design of the programme to a private retirement saving plan, the higher the offset. I estimate the determinants of household saving rates in a cross-country panel, augmenting standard measures of social security programme generosity and cost by indicators that proxy the actuarial component of the programme. These indicators affect saving rates as predicted; moreover they also affect labour force participation rates of older women (but not men). The findings are consistent with the view that more actuarially-based public programmes are treated by participants as a mandatory saving programme rather than as a tax-and-transfer system, thereby raising labour force participation rates but also increasing the programme’s substitutability for private retirement saving.