Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Some Natural Extracts against Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Rats

Isoniazid (INH), being the first line drug used as antituberculous chemotherapy, is known to be associated with hepatotoxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the protective effect of rosemary and parsley aqueous extracts against isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity. Adult male Wistar albino rats (120-150g) were randomly divided into six groups (10 animals each) as follows: group (1) rats administrated with saline and served as control, group (2) animals orally administrated with rosemary extract (440mg/kg b.wt./day), group (3) animals administrated with parsley extract (250 mg/kg b.wt./day), group (4) rats received isoniazid alone (50mg/kg b.wt./day), group (5) rats daily received isoniazid in combination with rosemary extract, and group (6) rats daily received isoniazid in combination with parsley extract . After eight weeks, the results revealed that administration of rosemary or parsley extract in combination with isoniazid ameliorated the isoniazid-induced liver deterioration. This was evidenced by the significant reduction of serum ALAT, ASAT, GGT, ALP, bilirubin, cholesterol and triglycerides as well as hepatic MDA coupled with an improvement in the levels of serum albumin as well as hepatic GSH, nitric oxide and Na/K ATPase. Moreover, the histopathological findings showed a potential protective effects of both rosemary and parsley extracts as they prevented isoniazid-induced degenerations those were in the form of pyknosis, karyolysis, swelling of some hepatocyte, foci of necrosis, edematous, fibrosis. In conclusion, either rosemary or parsley extract could play a beneficial role for prevention of isoniazidhepatotoxicity via its anti-oxidative and anti-nitrosative voltage.
A Survey of Management of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction by Pediatric Primary Health Care Providers in Spain

Purpose To survey the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) by pediatric primary health care providers in Spain. Methods This was a descriptive study using a web-based questionnaire to evaluate the perceptions of the members of the Pediatric Primary Care Society in Castilla-León, Spain (APAPCYL), regarding management of CNLDO. The questionnaire contained 14 direct questions and was sent by e-mail to all the pediatricians. All the responses were analyzed by the frequency of occurrence and percentages. Results Ninety physicians responded to the questionnaire. Massage 2 or 3 times a day was the initial treatment advised by 60.47% of pediatricians. Nearly half of the pediatricians recommended continuing massage until symptoms resolved. Fewer than 50% of children required referral to an ophthalmologist. Reasons for an ophthalmic consult included persistence of symptoms among 87.21% of pediatricians and parental/guardian request among 10.5% of pediatricians. According to 45.6% of pediatricians, their knowledge about CNLDO is limited, and 92.2% would like to receive further training on CNLDO. Conclusions Massage was the main initial treatment for managing CNLDO among pediatricians. The outcomes of this survey indicated that massage fails in fewer than 50% of patients and an ophthalmic referral is required for these cases.
Frequencies of dendritic cells and Toll-like receptor 3 in neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers with different HBV serological profiles

SUMMARY To investigate the frequencies of dendritic cells (DCs) and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in neonates of HBsAg-positive mothers with different HBV serological profiles, we conducted a study in Taiyuan, China. The study included 144 HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates. The frequencies of DCs and TLR3 were determined using four-colour flow-cytometric analysis. DC and TLR3 frequencies were not related to HBV intrauterine transmission, maternal HBeAg positivity, maternal HBV DNA positivity and HBeAg/HBV DNA double-positivity. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) frequencies in neonates whose maternal HBV DNA was >5 × 107 copies/ml decreased significantly compared to that in neonates whose maternal HBV DNA was ⩽5 × 107 copies/ml (Z = − 2·170, P = 0·03) or whose maternal HBV DNA was negative (Z = − 1·981 P = 0·048). This study suggests that neonatal pDC frequencies decrease when maternal HBV DNA loads are >5 × 107 copies/ml.
Effect of Early Physical Activity on Long-Term Outcome After Venous Thrombosis

Objective:To determine if the level of self-reported physical activity 1 month after deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is associated with the risk of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) in the first 2 years post-DVT. Design:Prospective cohort study. Setting:Multicenter study (8 hospitals). Participants:Patients presenting with objectively diagnosed acute DVT to 8 hospitals in Quebec and Ontario, Canada. Assessment of Risk Factors:We used validated questionnaires to measure physical activity (Godin questionnaire) and venous disease severity [generic physical quality of life (SF-36 PCS scale) or VEINES-QOL]. We adjusted for potential confounding effects of age, sex, and body mass index. We used multiple imputation to account for missing data. Main Outcome Measures:Post-thrombotic syndrome (validated Villalta scale). Results:For the 387 patients enrolled, univariate analysis suggested no association between 1-month activity and risk of PTS. After adjusting for missing data and potential confounders, there was no evidence of a trend toward increasing risk of PTS with increasing physical activity [1.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-3.14) for mild-moderate activity and 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 0.69-2.67) for high activity]. The results were similar when PTS was dichotomized as none/mild versus moderate/severe. Finally, patients with PTS had lower levels of activity at 2 years post-DVT. Conclusions:The level of self-reported exercise in the first month post-DVT is not associated with an increased risk of PTS in the first 2 years after DVT. Post-thrombotic syndrome is associated with decreased levels of physical activity 2 years after DVT.
Evaluation of genetic heterogeneity in glutamate carboxypeptidase II (H475Y) and reduced folate carrier (SLC19A1) gene variants increased risk factor for the development of neural tube defects in eastern region of India

In humans, neural tube failure to close during the 4th week of gestation leads to the development of severe congenital malformations of the central nervous system because of an error in maternal folate metabolism associated gene variants. The frequency of genotypic variants of GCP II (H475Y) and folate carrier RFCI (SLC19A1) gene polymorphism (80 G →A) were evaluated as potential candidate gene(s) and also assess their clinical association to increase “risk” in neural tube defects (NTDs). In the present study, blood samples (0.5 ml) were collected from NTD cases, mother and their respective controls and genomic DNA was isolated to evaluate the impact of GCP II and RFCI genotypic variants as risk factor using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between case mothers and control for GCP II genotype using Fischer’s exact two tailed probability test. The odd ratio was calculated to determine the risk factors at 95% C.I. (1.56-87.60), which seems to be very high, suggesting significant involvement of GCP II gene in the development of NTDs. The significant (p = 0.03) risk factor was also calculated (OR=4.85: 95%, C.I. 1.33-17.36) forRFCI gene between heterozygote (GA) and homozygote (AA) mothers having NTDs child. The present finding strongly suggests that genotype variants of GCPII and RFCI gene, in heterozygous condition, are responsible for increasing as independent risk factor for the development of NTDs like meningomyelocele (MMC) susceptibility in this region. Key words: Glutamate carboxy peptidase, reduced folate carrier, gene polymorphism, neural tube defects, meningomyelocele.
Location Tagging in Text

Location tagging, also known as geotagging, is the process of assigning geographical coordinates to input data. In this project we present an algorithm for location tagging text. Our algorithm makes use of previous work in natural language processing by using a state-of-the-art part-of-speech tagger and named entity recognizer to find blocks of text which may refer to locations. A knowledge base is then used to find a list of possible locations for each of these blocks of text. Finally, one location is chosen for each block of text by assigning distance-based scores to each location and repeatedly selecting the location and block of text with the best score. We tested our location tagging algorithm with geotagged Wikipedia articles, where classification approaches have achieved median errors as low as 11 km [5]. However, the maximum accuracy of these approaches is limited by the class size, so future work may not yield significant improvement. Our algorithm tags a location to each block of text that was identified as a possible location reference, meaning one text can have multiple tags. When we considered only the tag with the highest distance-based score, we achieved a 10th percentile error of 490 metres and median error of 54 kilometres. When we considered the five location tags with the greatest scores, we found that 50% of articles were assigned at least one tag within 8.5 kilometres of the article’s true location. Other classification-based approaches may be reaching their upper limit for accuracy, but our precision-focused approach has high accuracy for some articles and shows significant potential for improvement overall.
Quantitative assessment of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 expression in aldosterone-producing adenomas.

BACKGROUND The presence and pathophysiological role of CYP11B1 (11beta-hydroxylase) gene in the zona glomerulosa of human adrenal cortex is still controversial. METHODS In order to specifically quantify CYP11B1, CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) and CYP17(17alpha-hydroxylase) mRNA levels, we developed a real-time RT-PCR assay and examined the expression in a series of adrenal tIssues, including six normal adrenals from patients adrenalectomized for renal cancer and twelve aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) from patients with primary aldosteronism. RESULTS CYP11B1 mRNA levels were clearly detected in normal adrenals, which comprised both zona glomerulosa and fasciculata/reticularis cells, but were also measured at a lower range (P<0.05) in APA. The levels of CYP11B2 mRNA were lower (P<0.005) in normal adrenals than in APA. CYP17 mRNAlevels were similar in normal adrenals and in APA. In patients with APA, CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 mRNA levels were not correlated either with basal aldosterone or with the change from basal aldosterone in response to posture or to dexamethasone. No correlation between CYP11B1 mRNA or CYP11B2 mRNA and the percentage of zona fasciculata-like cells was observed in APA. CONCLUSIONS Real-time RT-PCR can be reliably used to quantify CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 mRNA levels in adrenal tIssues. Expression of CYP11B1 in hyperfunctioning zona glomerulosa suggests an additional formation of corticosterone via 11beta-hydroxylase, providing further substrate for aldosterone biosynthesis. CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 mRNA levels in APA are not related to the in vivo secretory activity of glomerulosa cells, where post-transcriptional factors might ultimately regulate aldosterone production.
Peripheral Monocytes Derived From Patients With Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Donors Secrete NGAL in Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

Background Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop chronic bacterial infections in the respiratory tract, reflecting dysfunctional innate immunity. Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) has 2 functions: one as an antibacterial host defense protein and the other as a physiological iron carrier. Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been validated as a biomarker for early kidney disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether NGAL could serve as a marker of acute pulmonary exacerbations in CF by measuring NGAL levels in serum samples from subjects with CF during stable clinic visits and during hospitalization for pulmonary exacerbations and comparing these levels to healthy controls and to patients without CF with significant infection. In addition, we aimed to determine if innate immunity cells other than neutrophils act as a source of NGAL. Methods Circulating NGAL levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples from 30 subjects with CF when hospitalized for an acute pulmonary exacerbation, 33 subjects with CF during stable clinic visits, 33 patients with sepsis, and 21 healthy controls. Secreted NGAL from CF and healthy control peripheral monocytes infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum NGAL levels were elevated in the patients with CF compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.001). However, no difference in serum NGAL levels was found between subjects with CF with stable disease compared to subjects with CF undergoing pulmonary exacerbation. Furthermore, peripheral monocytes from CF and subjects without CF secreted NGAL upon infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and thereby may be contributing to the circulating NGAL levels observed. Conclusions Our data show that peripheral monocytes secrete NGAL, and serum NGAL levels are widely distributed among subjects with CF, being elevated both when clinically stable and during a pulmonary exacerbation and thus NGAL is not a sensitive biomarker for pulmonary exacerbations.
The shortest period detached white dwarf + main-sequence binary

We present high-speed ULTRACAM and SOFI photometry and X-shooter spectroscopy of the recently discovered 94-min orbital period eclipsing white dwarf/main-sequence binary SDSS J085746.18+034255.3 (CSS 03170) and use these observations to measure the system parameters. We detect a shallow secondary eclipse and hence are able to determine an orbital inclination of i = 85o.5 ± 0o.2. The white dwarf has a mass of 0.51 ± 0.05 M_⊙ and a radius of 0.0247 ± 0.0008 R_⊙. With a temperature of 35 300 ± 400 K the white dwarf is highly overinflated if it has a carbon–oxygen core; however, if it has a helium core then its mass and radius are consistent with evolutionary models. Therefore, the white dwarf in SDSS J085746.18+034255.3 is most likely a helium core white dwarf with a mass close to the upper limit expected from evolution. The main-sequence star is an M8 dwarf with a mass of 0.09 ± 0.01 M_⊙ and a radius of 0.110 ± 0.004 R_⊙ placing it close to the hydrogen burning limit. The system emerged from a common envelope ∼20 million years ago and will reach a semidetached configuration in ∼400 million years, becoming a cataclysmic variable with a period of 66 min, below the period minimum.
Basilar invagination: a study based on 190 surgically treated patients.

OBJECT The authors analyzed the cases of 190 patients with basilar invagination that was diagnosed on the basis of criteria laid down in 1939 by Chamberlain to assess the appropriate surgical procedure. METHODS Depending on the association with Chiari malformation, the anomaly of basilar invagination was classified into two groups. Eighty-eight patients who had basilar invagination but no associated Chiari malformation were assigned to Group I; the remainder of the patients, who had both basilar invagination and Chiari malformation, were assigned to Group II. The principal pathological characteristic was observed to be direct brainstem compression due to odontoid process indentation in Group I and a reduction in posterior cranial fossa volume in Group II. CONCLUSIONS Despite the anterior concavity of the brainstem in both groups, transoral surgery was the most suitable procedure for those patients in Group I and decompression of the foramen magnum was found to be appropriate for patients in Group II. After surgical decompression, a fixation procedure was found to be necessary in most Group I cases, but only in a small minority of Group II cases.
Evidence for 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutylation of DNA in F344 rats treated with the tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and N'-nitrosonornicotine.

DNA was isolated from tissues of F344 rats 24 h after treatment by s.c. injection with [5-3H]4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone ([5-3H]NNK) or [5-3H]N'-nitrosonornicotine ([5-3H]NNN). It was hydrolyzed with acid or at pH 7, 100 degrees C, and the hydrolysates were analyzed by HPLC. The major product in each case was identified as 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, formed by hydrolysis of a DNA adduct. It was detected in DNA from the livers of rats treated with [5-3H]NNK or [5-3H]NNN, and in DNA from lungs of rats treated with [5-3H]NNK. These results demonstrate that 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutylation of DNA occurs in rats treated with NNK or NNN, and are consistent with the hypothesis that these nitrosamines are metabolically activated by alpha-hydroxylation.
Influence of stimulation parameters on the release of adenosine, lactate and CO2 from contracting dog gracilis muscle.

1. The addition of adenosine, CO2 and lactate to the venous blood draining an isolated constant‐flow perfused gracilis muscle was studied in anaesthetized and artificially ventilated dogs during twitch and tetanic contractions. 2. Venous adenosine concentration increased from 154 +/‐ 33 nM (mean +/‐ S.E.M.) to 279 +/‐ 121 or 280 +/‐ 125 nM after 10 min of 1.5 or 3 Hz twitch contractions and to 240 +/‐ 120 or 276 +/‐ 139 nM after 10 min of 1 or 5 s tetani occurring at 0.1 Hz. Twitch contractions at 0.1 or 0.5 Hz for 10 min did not significantly elevate venous adenosine. 3. Venous lactate concentration was significantly increased after 10 min of 1.5 or 3 Hz twitches or 5 s tetani at 0.1 Hz. There was a good correlation (r = 0.70; P < 0.001) between venous adenosine and lactate concentrations. 4. Venous partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) was significantly elevated after 10 min of 1.5 or 3 Hz twitch contractions or 1 or 5 s tetani at 0.1 Hz. There was also a good correlation (r = 0.58; P < 0.001) between venous adenosine concentration and PCO2. 5. Venous partial pressure of O2 (PO2) decreased during all contractions except those at 0.1 Hz, but the oxygen cost per unit of tension x time was similar during every pattern of stimulation, and the percentage of the total energy production achieved by anaerobic means during muscle contractions did not exceed that at rest, indicating that there had been no limitation to the oxygen supply. Venous PO2 was poorly correlated with venous adenosine concentration (r = 0.28), but quite well correlated with venous lactate concentration (r = 0.53; P < 0.001). If the indirect influence of PO2 on venous adenosine concentration via an increase in lactate concentration was eliminated by partial correlation, then the coefficient for the relationship between venous adenosine concentration and venous PO2 became 0.15. 6. There was a significant correlation between the venous adenosine concentration and the venous pH (r = 0.53; P < 0.001). If the influence of oxygenation on venous adenosine and pH was eliminated by partial correlation, the coefficient for the relationship between venous adenosine and pH increased to 0.95. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Technical Variation in a Sample of High Level Judo Players

Technical actions performed by two groups of judokas who won medals at World Championships and Olympic Games during the period 1995–2001 were analyzed. In the Super Elite group (n = 17) were the best athletes in each weight category. The Elite group (n = 16) were medal winners who were not champions and did not win more than three medals. Super Elite judokas used a greater number of throwing techniques which resulted in scores, even when expressed relative to the total number of matches performed, and these techniques were applied in more directions than those of Elite judokas. Further, the number of different throwing techniques and the variability of directions in which techniques were applied were significantly correlated with number of wins and the number of points and ippon scored. Thus, a greater number of throwing techniques and use of directions for attack seem to be important in increasing unpredictability during judo matches.
Performance of Omega-Shaped-Gate Silicon Nanowire MOSFET With Diameter Down to 8 nm

In this letter, the electrostatic and the performance of cylindrical silicon nanowire (NW) MOSFETs with an omega-shaped gate and diameters down to 8 nm are investigated. The impact of silicon nitride (SiN) spacer thickness (7, 10, or 15 nm) on short-channel performance is examined. The tradeoff between superior electrostatic confinement and electrical performance, which will be an essential consideration for the design of future NW devices, is clearly observed. Finally, a comparison with trigate NWs shows an improved electrostatic control for a cylindrical-shaped gate, as theoretically expected.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of CBFβ-SMMHC Protein Reveals a Unique Nuclear Localization in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With inv(16)(p13q22)

The inv(16)(p13q22) or, less commonly the t(16;16)(p13;q22), is characteristic of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with abnormal bone marrow eosinophils, also known as AML-M4Eo. This abnormality creates a fusion gene, 5′ core binding factor β (CBF-β) gene and the 3′ MYH11 gene, the latter encoding smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene (SMMHC). Detection of this abnormality is important for diagnosis and is most commonly done by cytogenetics or molecular methods. In this study, we determined the utility of immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence methods using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (AH107) against the C-terminus of the CBFβ-SMMHC chimeric protein for diagnosis of AML-M4Eo. Thirty-nine AML-M4Eo cases and 55 cases of other types of AML were evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis of routinely processed paraffin-embedded bone marrow sections showed that CBFβ-SMMHC staining is predominantly nuclear in all cases of AML-M4Eo and is not nuclear in other AML types. Four cases of AML-M4Eo double-stained for CBFβ-SMMHC and CD34 showed the fusion protein in CD34-positive blasts. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of fresh bone marrow aspirate smears showed that AML-M4Eo blasts have a distinct nuclear microgranular or fine-speckled pattern of staining, with or without faint cytoplasmic staining. By contrast, other types of AML and normal bone marrow specimens were either negative or had a nonspecific pattern of staining. In summary, immunostaining for CBFβ-SMMHC using either immunohistochemical or immunofluorescense analysis as described here reveals a distinctive pattern of staining for AML-M4Eo. This approach is a specific, reliable, and convenient alternative to cytogenetic and molecular methods for the diagnosis of AML-M4Eo and may be particularly helpful in cases with indeterminate histologic features or in cases in which cytogenetic and molecular studies are either uninformative or not available.
Assessment of Soil Biological Activity in Northern Aspen Parkland Native and Seeded Pasture Using Bait Lamina

Many native grasslands in the Aspen Parkland of western Canada have been converted to seeded forages. We used bait lamina to test the hypothesis that this change has altered soil biological activity. Bait lamina removal varied with both vegetation type and soil depth (p=0.03). Bait removal was 31% in the shallow (0-5 cm) soil profile, and similar between native (32%) and seeded (30%) grassland. Although bait removal was lower at 5 to 10 cm depth (23%), removal in native grassland was greater (26%) than in adjacent seeded pasture (20%). As soils did not differ in organic matter or carbon between vegetation types, differences in removal are attributed to other unknown factors. Bait removal was positively associated with soil temperature (r ? 0.58) in both vegetation types, but negatively to soil moisture (r ? -0.33). Overall, these results suggest replacement of native grassland with seeded forage has altered soil organism activity, and merits further investigation.