Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Industry, Firm, Job Title: The Layered Nature of Early-Career Advantage for Graduates of Elite Private Universities

Using concepts associated with effectively maintained inequality theory and horizontal stratification, the authors ask whether the private-public dividing line is a “threshold of consequence” for early-career market entry. To address this empirically, the authors use a novel LinkedIn data set to analyze job pathways for the graduating class of 2016 from the top 25 private and top 25 public universities in the United States. In line with past qualitative research, the authors find evidence that elite private graduates enter high-status industries in greater proportion than their public university counterparts. They also tend to get jobs at more prestigious and higher paying firms and to attain more prestigious job titles. On the basis of the evidence, the authors call for more closely analyzing the layers of advantage that may accumulate to elite graduates during key transitional moments, such as during the postgraduation job search. The authors also shed additional light on how the private-public divide is a threshold of consequence for university graduates.
Fuel hedging strategies in the competitive shipping industry

Fuel cost is the most significant cost for fuel-consuming industry, for instance, airlines and ocean shipping companies. However, the world oil price is highly volatile, which motivates the shipping industry to consider fuel hedging derivatives to reduce their fuel price exposure. We simplify the fuel hedging derivatives to be just getting a fixed oil price, and based on this we build models for single firm and multiple firms respectively to study about the firms’ hedging decision: the single-firm models mainly focus on each single firm’s decision since the shipping industry is homogeneous, while the multiple-firm models consider more about competition. In our most important two-stage models (for both single firm and multiple firms), we joint the production decision and the financial decision — fuel hedging. The firms decide their hedging proportion in the first stage, i.e., part of their fuel will be bought at a hedged price and others from spot oil market at an uncertain future price. The production decision will be made in the second stage with both oil price and hedging decision realized. By using the backward approach, we solve the optimization problems for both stages and find that fuel hedging intensifies market competition when fuel price rises up, thus the Nash Equilibrium shows not all the firms will hedge their fuel cost even though they expect the future fuel price to increase, which is against our intuition.
An analysis of factors affecting mobile banking adoption

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model that explains the most important factors affecting mobile banking adoption for Lebanese banking customers. Design/methodology/approach Based on the data collected through a survey, structural equations modeling and path analysis were utilized to test the hypotheses. In total, 320 questionnaires were collected from Lebanese customers. Findings The results show that digital literacy, resistance to change, perceived risk, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness were found to be the main variables affecting users’ attitudes toward adoption of mobile banking, whereas awareness and compatibility showed no significant impact on adoption. In addition, both subjective norms and personal innovativeness influenced users’ adoption moderated the relationships between usefulness attitude and ease of use attitude. Originality/value The study fills a gap in the literature by exploring e-readiness influence on adoption through testing the variable “digital literacy” and by examining the effect of the frequency of branch visits on the intention to adopt mobile banking. Social and individual variables, such as social influence and personal innovativeness, which were rarely examined in past studies, are employed in this research. All of our respondents were actual bank account holders.
Dividend payout among Nigerian firms: Do female directors matters?

This study explores how female director(s) affect the decision to pay dividend in the sub-Saharan Africa. The study specifically employs non-financial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market from 2009-2015 and logit regression as the technique for data analysis. The independent variable of interest in the study is female director. Consistent with the hypothesis, the study found strong association that firms with at least one female director on board are more likely to affect the payment of dividends. The findings subsist after the commencement of the 2011 CCG and when firms with negative earnings were excluded from the main sample. Furthermore, the results do not change when the model was re-estimated using an alternative measure of female director as well as using OLS regression.
Explicit Relative Performance Evaluation and Managerial Decision-Making: Evidence from Firm Performance and Risk-taking Behavior

This study examines the effect of relative performance evaluation (RPE) on managers’ investment decisions and firm performance. Principal-agent theory suggests that RPE use in CEO compensation plans can improve incentive alignment when firm performance is affected by common shocks, thus motivating managers to increase shareholder wealth. I test this theory using contract details explicitly disclosed in proxy statements. I find that RPE firms are generally less likely to over- or under-invest than non-RPE firms, consistent with RPE use improving incentive alignment. I also find some evidence that RPE firms have higher total shareholder return (TSR) than similar non-RPE firms when contracting specifically on TSR. In addition, the positive effects of RPE on firm performance increase with the extent of common risk for firm and peer performance. Together, these results suggest that RPE use in CEO compensation plans reduces agency costs and improves incentive alignment.
An empirical analysis of auditor resignations

There were two main objectives o f this study. The first objective was to develop a theoretical model that will explain auditor resignations. To meet this objective, a model was developed which was primarily grounded in prior research related to auditor resignations as well as prior research addressing auditor switching. The second objective was to estimate the model at four different quarterly dates immediately prior to an event date (i.e., the resignation date) so that the effects o f time on the explanatory power o f the model and each independent variable could be ascertained. This objective was met by identifying and collecting data at each quarterly date for each variable in the model and by using logit regression to analyze the data (i.e., to estimate the model at each quarterly date prior to the event date). The sample o f companies included both a resignation group o f companies and a non­ resignation group o f companies. Overall results from estimating the model suggest that the model was significant for each o f the four quarterly time periods and that using information closer to the event date increased the model’s explanatory power. In regards to the specific independent variables, the results suggest that, for all quarterly time periods, firms are more likely to resign from (1) clients who are smaller in size; (2) clients who are in financial distress as modeled by a net loss; (3) engagements in which the tenure o f the auditor is low; and (4) clients who are in industries in which the auditor has an
Moderating Effect of Enterprise Risk Management on the Relationship Between Board Structures and Corporate Performance

Risk encroachment into Corporate Governance (CG) remains a continuous process that required an efficient and long-term solution. Using enterprise risk management (ERM) as a moderating variable on the relationship between board structures and corporate performance remains an area unexploited in CG research. This relationship can effectively measure by the extent of ERM interactions between board structures and corporate performance. Despite various studies on CG mechanisms, firm performance, ERM implementation level, and gender diversity, the empirical results appeared inconclusive and the findings are inconsistent. None of the studies have addressed the role play by ERM as a moderator between director ownership, the board size, board independence, the total number of women on the board, number of Muslim directors on the board, and firm performance. It is demonstrated that the ERM has the potential to moderate between the different board structures and corporate performance, and this moderation has never been reported in the literature. It is expected that this ERM moderation may considerably improve corporate performance by determining the strength or weakness of the relationship between board structures and firm performance. Thus, this paper, with regards to available literature, conceptualized that ‘ERM’ moderates the relationship between Board Size, Board Independence, Director Ownership, Total Women in the Board, Muslim directors on the Board, and corporate performance.
Technology mediated tools as drivers of library - researcher collaboration: the case of Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST) Institutional Repository (IR)

Research in every higher learning institution is essential for the growth of the intellectual content and elevation of the academic reputation. Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST) is committed to undertake, promote and facilitate research and scholarly investigations that would accelerate Botswana economic growth. This means that all scholarly content produced by BIUST researchers should be capable of selling the institutional research capability. BIUST library has developed processes, tools and services to align the university’s research landscape with the dictates of the emerging information led revolution. This library developed technology mediated tools and used multiple interfaces to reach to users in their different environments. Strategies were developed to promote access and usage of research management tools. A flagship project in the BIUST research agenda has been the piloting of an institutional repository (IR). The newly introduced services affected and impacted library space; technologies; library users; and staff at the Directorates of Research and Information Technology. The library team also had to recreate itself so as to be able to drive the needed change. This paper presents a qualitative description of these trans-formative processes and services. The discussion briefly touches on processes involved in the introduction of both the technology mediated tools and the research data management so as to demonstrate the importance of library- researcher collaboration at all stages of conducting research. The larger part of the paper is on the IR as a main vehicle that the library intends to leverage to drive the university into the Open Access information highway. The shared experiences; conclusions and recommendations are to contribute to the global discourse on libraries as change agents in the research landscape and also to dialogue with fellow librarians on strategic positioning of people, spaces and technologies for this fourth industrial revolution.
The influence of accountability, transparency, affective and cognitive trust toward the interest in paying zakat

This research aimed to expand the previous study by studying the role of two dimensions of trust concepts namely affective trust and cognitive trust. Particularly, this research aimed to analyze the influence of accountability and transparency toward affective and cognitive trust. Moreover, the purpose of this research was to test the influence of cognitive and affective trust toward the interest in paying zakat through zakat institution. The subject of this research was 100 muzakkis of BAZNAS (Badan Amil Zakat Nasional/National Board of Zakat) located in Special Region of Yogyakarta and BAZNAS located in Yogyakarta City. The data analysis method used in this research was Partial Least Square. The result of this study implied that accountability positively affects affective and cognitive trust. Furthermore, the result of this study also implied that affective and cognitive trust positively affects the interest in paying zakat through zakat institution. In other hand, this research also found that transparency has no effect on cognitive and affective trust.
Combining Code and Requirements Coverage with Execution Cost for Test Suite Reduction

Test suites tend to become large and complex after software evolution iterations, thus increasing effort and cost to execute regression testing. In this context, test suite reduction approaches could be applied to identify subsets of original test suites that preserve the capability of satisfying testing requirements and revealing faults. In this paper, we propose Multi-Objective test suites REduction (named MORE+): a three-dimension approach for test suite reduction. The first dimension is the structural one and concerns the information on how test cases in a suite exercise the under-test application. The second dimension is functional and concerns how test cases exercise business application requirements. The third dimension is the cost and concerns the time to execute test cases. We define MORE+ as a multi-objective approach that reduces test suites so maximizing their capability in revealing faults according to the three considered dimensions. We have compared MORE+ with seven baseline approaches on 20 Java applications. Results showed, in particular, the effectiveness of MORE+ in reducing test suites with respect to these baselines, i.e., significantly more faults are revealed with test suites reduced by applying MORE+.
Sedentary Behavior of White Collar Office Workers-Review

Aim The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the physical activity time (PAT) of white collar office workers in order to assess the levels of sedentary activity in an office environment. Analysing the office workers PAT will not only allow an insight into how an office based job could impact a person’s overall health and wellness status, but will also allow for the development of future office based inter ventions aimed at increasing the overall physical activity among white collar office workers. Methodology Using the PRISMA 2009 guidelines a literature review was conducted to assess the PAT of office workers and the typical sedentary nature of their work could affect their health. The review consisted of 8 peer reviewed studies, collected through the entry of 9 initial search terms relating to the physical activity, sedentariness and overall health of white collar workers into Discovery, PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Results Results suggesting low physical activity time spent among white collar office workers with the average minutes spent sedentary on a working day mean(±SD), (529±75.3), minutes in light activity, (164.9±51.1) and vigorous activity time, (28.2±15.9). Low levels of physical activity were also found during non working days with the average sedentary time being mean (±SD), (460.1±63.2), minutes in light physical activity, (251.2±102.1), and moderate to vigorous physical activity time (MVPA) time, (17.9±29.3). Conclusion White collar office workers are spending greater amounts of work time in sedentary behavior. Value This paper provides a current literature review and analysis of the physical activity levels among office workers and sedentary behavior at work which could effects office workers health and well being. Keywords: sedentariness; Physical activity levels; Office workers and white collar workers
Overt attentional capture by reward-related stimuli overcomes inhibitory suppression.

Salient-but-irrelevant distractors can automatically capture attention and eye-gaze in visual search. However, recent findings have suggested that attention to salient-but-irrelevant stimuli can be suppressed when observers use a specific target template to guide their search (i.e., feature search). A separate line of research has indicated that attentional selection is influenced by factors other than the physical salience of a stimulus and the observer's goals. For instance, pairing a stimulus with reward has been shown to increase the extent to which it captures attention and gaze (as though it has become more physically salient), even when such capture has negative consequences for the observer. Here we used eye-tracking with a rewarded visual search task to investigate whether capture by reward can be suppressed in the same way as capture by physical salience. When participants were encouraged to use feature search, attention to a distractor paired with relatively small reward was suppressed. However, under the same conditions attention was captured by a distractor paired with large reward, even when such capture resulted in reward omission. These findings suggest that reward-related stimuli are given special priority within the visual attention system over and above physically salient stimuli, and have implications for our understanding of real-world biases to reward-related stimuli, such as those seen in addiction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
A Global Perspective on Local Meteoric Water Lines: Meta‐analytic Insight Into Fundamental Controls and Practical Constraints

Local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) represent the site‐specific long‐term covariation of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios. LMWLs have practical utility as a hydrologic framework and as benchmarks for evaluating hydroclimatic processes in isotope‐enabled climate models. In this manuscript, we characterize the global distribution of LMWLs and compare them to LMWLs from model data. To evaluate the sensitivity of the covariance of stable isotope ratios to data set length, we paired time series rarifaction with Bayesian ellipse estimation. We then applied a threshold of 48 months and estimated LMWLs at 398 sites in 25 Köppen climate classes using orthogonal distance regression. Slopes ranged from 4.8 to 10.9, with an average of 7.64 ± 0.64. Intercepts ranged from −24‰ to 27‰, with an average of 6.85 ± 6.2‰. We identified three processes: (1) subcloud evaporation of rain, (2) atmospheric remoistening by rainfall evaporation, and (3) conditions of snow formation as important controls on slopes and intercepts in arid, humid, and seasonally snowy regions, respectively. We compared observational LMWLs with those from a suite of isotope‐enabled climate models. At arid and snowy sites, model data produced higher slopes and intercepts than observational data. At humid sites, model data exhibited dampened variability in slopes and intercepts relative to observational data. These results indicate potential for improvement in the precipitation and/or isotope parameterizations of raindrop evaporation, advection of reevaporated water, evapotranspiration fractionation, and supersaturation in mixed‐phase clouds. This meta‐analysis demonstrates LMWLs utility for identifying specific hydroclimatic and isotopic processes in observations and models.
Learners’ Perceptions and Experiences of Two Chemistry MOOCs: Implications for Teaching and Design

ABSTRACT Most Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) research studies have focused on students’ demographics, surveys, and retention data, while little attention has been paid to the authentic voices of the learners: the expressions of experiences, perceptions, and emotions in the MOOC students’ own words. In this paper, we conducted and analyzed in-depth interviews with learners from two MOOCs on the same subject. Findings confirm that learners enrolled in MOOCs for career and/or personal purposes. Learners’ expressions of feeling a human connection to the instructor in videos had important implications for video editing decisions. Many of the reasons given for dropping out of active participation in MOOCs were related to the learners’ lack of time because of other commitments. We expect the results from this study to provide a new understanding of MOOC learners and their perceptions of the courses; key insights should guide video editing considerations and encourage the use of instructor communication pathways such as regular emails to students in future MOOC offerings.
The Relationships between Lecture Attendance or Accessing Lecture Recordings and Academic Outcomes: Results from a Pharmacology Course in a Biomedical Science Degree

The effect of lecture recordings on academic outcomes is not clear, and it is not known whether lecture recordings alter the association between attending lectures and academic outcomes. In a third-year pharmacology course, 39 of 42 students consented to the study. Sixty percent of the students attended the first lecture monitored, and then lecture attendance declined to an average of 41%/lecture. The final marks were significantly higher for students who attended ≥ 50% than those who attended < 50% of lectures. There was a weak positive association between lecture attendance and the final course mark in pharmacology. Thirteen of the 39 students did not access any lecture recordings, and an additional 10 students did not access any lecture recordings to ≥ 60% completion. For the 26 students who accessed the lecture recordings, there was a weak negative association between number of lectures accessed to ≥ 80% completion and final mark, but no correlation when the one student who failed the course was removed from the analysis. From this study, it does not seem that lecture recordings can be used as an effective replacement of face-to-face lectures. As lecture recordings were accessed more by the students who subsequently had poorer outcomes, it is possible that they would have had even poorer outcomes without this access.
PriWhisper+: An Enhanced Acoustic Short-Range Communication System for Smartphones

The recent proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) device coupled with the demand for an inexpensive way of transmitting data has been the primary factors behind the popularity of the short-range acoustic communication. It enables a seamless transfer of digital information via soundwaves, using device’s loudspeaker and microphone only and the whole interaction takes place without the need for network connection. Due to the limited computational power of the IoT device, the short-range acoustic communication system has adopted the friendly jamming technology to save energy. However, the security of the friendly jamming technology in mobile applications has not been thoroughly studied. When propagating sound in public, the soundwaves are subject to eavesdropping by nature. In particular, the friendly jamming technology is vulnerable to the separation attacks which can separate data signals from mixed signals. In this paper, we propose PriWhisper+—a secure acoustic short-range communication system between IoT devices. We analyze the security of PriWhisper+ via information theory and propose physical security enhancement mechanisms for acoustic communication by combining device mobility with secret sharing scheme. We then design a secure data communication scheme that transmits data in acoustic signals. This scheme can be applied in many security-sensitive situations, such as device pairing, contactless payments, and privacy data sharing. At last, we evaluate the performance of our proposed PriWhisper+ by extensive experiments on Android smartphones. The results of the experiment show that the PriWhisper+ can protect the data confidentiality within thirty centimeters of communication range.