Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural colonization of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in three acacia species of different sizes in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia

In this study, we investigated the status of Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) living natural symbiotically with different sizes of the acacia. Root colonization and infection of different sizes of Acacia tortilis, A. ehrenbergiana and A. gerrardii with AMF varied irrespective of tree species and size. The overall highest infection was recorded in A. ehrenbergiana medium size at Raudhat Khuraim site (70%) followed by A. tortilis short size (60%), A. gerrardii medium size (58.7%) and short size (57.7%) at Washlah site. The lowest infection was found in A. gerrardii large size in Khuraim (6%). The maximum vesicles were found in A. tortilislarge (95%) followed by A. ehrenbergiana medium (91%) at Khuraim, A. tortilis medium (67.3) at Washlah, A. gerrardii and A. tortilis short size (51.7), (50.0) at Khuraim and Huraymila. The minimum was recorded with A. gerrardii medium (4%) in Khuraim. The highest arbuscular infection was recorded with short size A. tortilis (97.7%) followed by medium A. tortilis (51.7), A. tortilis short (50%) in Huraymila. The lowest infection was found in large size A. torilis (4.7%) at Washlah. The intensity of infection and spore population also varied widely and independently in each individual trees size and species. The highest number of spore was observed in medium size A. gerrardii at Washlah (230) and the lowest number (21) in short size A. gerrardii in Khuraim. In conclusion, our results indicate high infection of AMF in the rootsof short acacia sizes followed by medium size and least with large size trees. * Corresponding Author: Kamal H. Suliman  kakatt79@gmail.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub. net Vol. 10, No. 5, p. 308-318, 2017
Charging-Induced Changes in Reverse Current – Voltage Characteristics of Al / Al-Rich Al 2 O 3 / pSi Diodes

An Al-rich Al2O3 thin film was deposited on a p-type silicon substrate by radio frequency sputtering to form Al/Al-rich Al2O3/p-Si diodes. The current–voltage (I–V ) characteristics of the diodes were determined by carrier injection from either the Si substrate or the Al gate and by carrier transport along the tunneling paths formed by Al nanocrystals distributed in the oxide layer. The reverse I–V characteristics were greatly affected by the charge trapping in the oxide layer, i.e., the electron trapping significantly reduced the reverse current while the hole trapping enhanced the current significantly. However, the charge trapping did not produce a large change in the forward I–V characteristic.
Distribution and conservation status of the endangered Azorean tree Picconia azorica

Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knobl. (Oleaceae), an evergreen shrub or small tree, is a top priority species, endemic to the Azores archipelago. It is listed as endangered (EN B1 + 2c; IUCN Red List 2012) and is included in Annex II of the EC Habitats Directive. In this study we aim to: i) estimate the present distribution and abundance of P. azorica in the Azores; ii) re-evaluate its conservation status based on the new data; iii) determine environmental factors that might limit its distribution; iv) estimate its potential distribution using Ecological Niche factor Analysis (ENFA); and v) assess the possibilities of reforestation. Picconia azorica occurs on a total of 55 km (2.2% of the Azores territory), 53% of which is included in Island Natural Parks; 38% of the area is located in Pico Island while in the remaining islands populations are very depauperated with occurrence areas ranging from 9.5 to 0.8 km. Based on the present area of occurrence and assuming a continuing decline in area of occupancy, extent and/or quality of habitat in the future, following the 2001 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, we suggest that P. azorica should be considered as Critically Endangered, CR B1ab (i, ii, iii, iv, v). ENFA results showed a medium value for marginality (0.56) and a low value for specialization (1.18), meaning that P. azorica habitat breadth is wide and with only a small difference from the average environmental conditions found in the Azores. Around 34% (847 km) of the land area of the archipelago is potentially suitable as habitat for P. azorica. We recommend the reinforcement of the most depauperated and fragmented populations using as guidelines the present results on habitat suitability as well as previous results on propagation and population genetics. P. azorica should be also considered as a species with high potential in restoration/reforestation actions in the Azores, particularly at low to medium elevation areas.
Why Are Federal Central Bankers Less Conservative ?

This paper analyzes monetary policy making by a committee of regional representatives in a currency union with asymmetric shocks. By considering strategic delegation of monetary policy making, we show that regional representatives are less conservative than the average citizen in their district. The theoretical model in this paper can explain the recent empirical nding that FOMC members as a group on average are more expansionist than members of the board.
Effects of Nutrition on the Fatty Acid Composition and ɷ-3 / ɷ-6 Ratios of the Muscle Tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss

In this study, it has been aimed to determine the fatty acid composition and ω-3/ω-6 ratios of the muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed and starved during 28 days. There were no qualitative differences in the fatty acid composition of the muscle of the fed and starved fish. However, it was determined that there were increases in the amounts of total ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of fed fish, while found decrease in total saturated fatty acids (SFAs). There were increases in the levels of C18:1 ω-9, C18:2 ω-6, C18:3 ω-3 and C22:6 ω-3 in fed fish. The ω-3/ω-6 ratios of the muscle tissue of starved and fed fish were found to be 1.27 and 1.49, respectively. From these results, during 28 days starvation period, it can be said that the fish can keep their saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) metabolism although they showed a loss of weight. In conclusion, dietary ɷ-3 and ɷ-6 series fatty acids improved the muscle tissue quality of Oncorhynchus mykiss.
International Remmitance Inflow And Economic Growth In Nigeria

The broad objective of the study is to determine empirically the impact of international remittances inflows to domestic economy, using Nigeria as a case study between 1980 and 2015. The specific objectives are to determine to what extent international remittance inflows impact on the growth of domestic economy; to investigate if there is significant casual relationship between international remittance inflows and the growth of domestic economy in Nigeria and to compare the influence of oversea development assistance and international remittance inflows to the growth of domestic product in Nigeria. In the model specified, real gross domestic product (RGDP) is a function of the growth international remittance inflows (IRIGWT), oversea development assistance, (ODAGNI), balance of trade (BOT), and inflation (INFL). The study used cointegration, vector error correction mechanism and granger causality for estimation of specified models. The results of estimation depict a negative significant relationship between IRIGWT and RGDP. Also ODAGNI has positive significant correlation with RGDP, BOT has positive significant relationship while INFL exhibit positive insignificant relation with RGDP. Granger causality results report that causality exist between IRIGWT and RGDP. The study recommends that Federal Government of Nigeria should adopt strict policy measures to regulate remittances and also to encourage international remittances passing through official channel by reducing the cost of remittances. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 26-12-2017 Date of acceptance: 11-01-2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blocking late stages of splicing quickly limits pre-spliceosome assembly in vivo

ABSTRACT Pre-messenger RNA splicing involves multi-step assembly of the large spliceosome complexes that catalyse the two consecutive trans-esterification reactions, resulting in intron removal. There is evidence that proof-reading mechanisms monitor the fidelity of this complex process. Transcripts that fail these fidelity tests are thought to be directed to degradation pathways, permitting the splicing factors to be recycled. While studying the roles of splicing factors in vivo, in budding yeast, we performed targeted depletion of individual proteins, and analysed the effect on co-transcriptional spliceosome assembly and splicing efficiency. Unexpectedly, depleting factors such as Prp16 or Prp22, that are known to function at the second catalytic step or later in the splicing pathway, resulted in a defect in the first step of splicing, and accumulation of arrested spliceosomes. Through a kinetic analysis of newly synthesized RNA, we observed that a second step splicing defect (the primary defect) was rapidly followed by the first step of splicing defect. Our results show that knocking down a splicing factor can quickly lead to a recycling defect with splicing factors sequestered in stalled complexes, thereby limiting new rounds of splicing. We demonstrate that this ‘feed-back’ effect can be minimized by depleting the target protein more gradually or only partially, allowing a better separation between primary and secondary effects. Our findings indicate that splicing surveillance mechanisms may not always cope with spliceosome assembly defects, and suggest that work involving knock-down of splicing factors or components of other large complexes should be carefully monitored to avoid potentially misleading conclusions.
Evaluation of pollen grains germination , viability and chemical composition of some date palm males

This experiment was administrated in order to compare the four males morphologically and biometericaly of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Leave and pinnae morphological traits (leaf length, length of pinnae part, length of spinney part, pinnae length, pinnae numbers, spine length and spines number) were studied also and the differences were be statically significant in all parameters except spine length pollen grains of four date palm males were examined and photographed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identified and differentiates among males. The scanning electron analysis of pollen grains revealed specific variation in some morphological properties (length, width and number) and pore characteristics were varied between four males. Pore length (12.27-12.73 μm) pore width (6.14-6.82 μm) and pore numbers in (photomicrograph field 28.9 X 19.72 μm) ranged from (72-164). Morphological traits of pollen grains can help to identified and characterized date palm males. The chemical compositions of pollen grains (minerals and amino acids) were examined. Relationship between minerals (Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe and Se) was investigated by x-ray the analysis recorded the highest percentage ranged from 33.7 to 27.5% and 26 to 22.7% for potassium and phosphorus, respectively and the lowest values percentage were 2.5% to 0.6% and 1.1 to 0.1% for Magnesium and iron, respectively Viability of pollen grains for four males pollinators were tested and found the best male were M1 and M4 in the viability when tested before and after storage. Consequently, adiversity was observed due to the genetical dissimilarity between the male palms. This diversity is due to the fact that the majority of male palms are originated from seeds.
A Subatomic Proof System for Decision Trees

We design a proof system for propositional classical logic that integrates two languages for Boolean functions: standard conjunction-disjunction-negation and binary decision trees. We give two reasons to do so. The first is proof-theoretical naturalness: The system consists of all and only the inference rules generated by the single, simple, linear scheme of the recently introduced subatomic logic. Thanks to this regularity, cuts are eliminated via a natural construction. The second reason is that the system generates efficient proofs. Indeed, we show that a certain class of tautologies due to Statman, which cannot have better than exponential cut-free proofs in the sequent calculus, have polynomial cut-free proofs in our system. We achieve this by using the same construction that we use for cut elimination. In summary, by expanding the language of propositional logic, we make its proof theory more regular and generate more proofs, some of which are very efficient. That design is made possible by considering atoms as superpositions of their truth values, which are connected by self-dual, non-commutative connectives. A proof can then be projected via each atom into two proofs, one for each truth value, without a need for cuts. Those projections are semantically natural and are at the heart of the constructions in this article. To accommodate self-dual non-commutativity, we compose proofs in deep inference.
Environmental Toxicology GENERAL AND HISTOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF HEALTH IN WILD FISHES FROM A BIOLOGICAL MERCURY HOTSPOT IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA

Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, Nova Scotia, Canada, is considered a biological mercury (Hg) hotspot because the tissues of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and common loons (Gavia immer) inhabiting the lakes frequently exceed so-called safe levels of Hg. In the present study, the relationships between Hg and overall health of males and females of 3 forage fish species (brown bullhead Ameirus nebulosus, banded killifish Fundulus diaphanus, and golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas; n1⁄4 6–18/sex/lake) in 6 lakes at the park were assessed using condition factor, liversomatic index (LSI), and macrophage aggregates (MAs; indicators of tissue damage). Mean muscle total Hg (THg) concentrations of brown bullhead, banded killifish, and golden shiner across lakes were 0.32mg/g, 0.27mg/g, and 0.34mg/g, respectively. Conditionwas negatively related tomuscle THg in golden shiner and banded killifish, LSI was not related to THg in any species, and all species showed evidence of increasing MA prevalence (counts and area) with increasing THg concentrations. The MAs were most prevalent in spleen tissues of golden shiner, with mean percentage cover ranging from 0.36% to 5.59% across lakes. In addition, the area of MAs appeared to be better predicted by THg concentration than was the number of MAs in the same tissue. These findings suggest that Hg is affecting the health of wild fishes in Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site and that other populations with similar or higher concentrations of this metal may also be at risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;9999:1–12. # 2016 SETAC
Incentive Regulation and Optimal Capital Structure by

We examine the optimal design of incentive regulation when consumers are risk averse and the regulated firm obtains investment funds from a risk neutral, competitive capital market. We identify systematic links between the power of regulatory incentive schemes and the capital structure of the regulated firm. These links are shown to vary with the regulator's ability to control the firm's capital structure. Under plausible conditions, the optimal regulatory policy will impose a single low-powered incentive scheme on the firm, denying it the choice among incentive schemes commonly recommended in existing literature on incentive regulation.
S-1 combined with docetaxel ( SD ) versus S-1 combined with cisplatin ( SP ) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer : randomized , controlled , multicenter and clinical study

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the differences in the efficacy and safety of S-1 combined with docetaxel versus S-1 combined with cisplatin as a treatment for advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients. Patients and Methods: Three-hundred advanced GC patients who had recurrence or metastasis were enrolled in this study. All of the patients were randomly assigned to receive S-1 combined with docetaxel (experimental group) or S-1 combined with cisplatin (control group). All patients were evaluated and given an ECOG score of 0-1 points with the expectation of a survival of greater than 3 months. We then provided continued chemotherapeutic drugs for 4-6 cycles or until the disease progressed. Tumors were evaluated every 8 weeks until the use of other antitumor drugs, disease progression, death, or the end of the study prohibited further evaluation. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS), overall remission rate (ORR), 1-year survival rate, and safety. Results: The remission rate in the subjects given drug combinations was 86.33%. After the end of the second, fourth, and sixth cycles, the remission rate and the clinical yield of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) duration of the test group was 180 days, whereas the control group was 171 days. The median overall survival (mOS) rates of the experimental group and the control group were 405 days and 378 days, respectively. There were 77 people in the test group whose survival rate was more than 1 year, and the 1-year survival rate was 51.33%; there were 72 people in the control group whose survival rate was more than 1 year, and the 1-year survival rate was 48.00%. The total 1-year survival rate was 49.67%. Adverse effects were similar in the experimental group and the control group. The main adverse effects were gastrointestinal reactions and bone marrow toxicity, which could be tolerated and relieved without symptomatic treatment. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the treatment efficacy of the experimental group and the control group. However, regarding safety and tolerance, the experimental group subjects fared better than the control group subjects. Adverse effects were mainly grade I-II, and grade III-IV adverse effects could be relieved by symptomatic treatment with no unexpected adverse effects. This study further verified that S-1 combined with docetaxel had better efficacy and safety in the treatment of advanced GC compared to the treatment method of S-1 combined with cisplatin.
IMES Discussion Paper Series 2011-E-26 September 2011 International Recessions

The 2008-2009 crisis was characterized by an unprecedented degree of international synchronization as all major industrialized countries experienced large macroeconomic contractions. Countries also experienced large and synchronized contractions in the growth of financial flows. In this paper we present a two-country model with financial markets frictions where credit-driven recessions can explain these features of the recent crisis. A credit contraction can emerge as a self-fulfilling equilibrium caused by pessimistic but fully rational expectations. As a result of the credit contraction, in a financially integrated world, countries experience large and, endogenously synchronized, declines in asset prices and economic activity (international recessions). *University of Minnesota and Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (email: fperri@umn.edu) **University of Southern California We thank seminar participants at Boston University, Chicago Booth, Columbia University, Harvard University, New York Fed, San Francisco FED, UC Berkeley, UCLA, University of Colorado, University of Notre Dame and attendees at the Advances in International Macroeconomics conference in Brussels, NBER IFM meeting, Philadelphia Workshop on Macroeconomics, Stanford SITE conference. We also thank Ariel Burstein, Fabio Ghironi and Raf Wouters for excellent discussions. Views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Bank of Japan.
BETWEEN IMAGES AND BUILT FORM:
AUTOMATING THE RECOGNITION OF STANDARDISED BUILDING COMPONENTS USING DEEP LEARNING

Abstract. Building on the richness of recent contributions in the field, this paper presents a state-of-the-art CNN analysis method for automating the recognition of standardised building components in modern heritage buildings. At the turn of the twentieth century manufactured building components became widely advertised for specification by architects. Consequently, a form of standardisation across various typologies began to take place. During this era of rapid economic and industrialised growth, many forms of public building were erected. This paper seeks to demonstrate a method for informing the recognition of such elements using deep learning to recognise ‘families’ of elements across a range of buildings in order to retrieve and recognise their technical specifications from the contemporary trade literature. The method is illustrated through the case of Carnegie Public Libraries in the UK, which provides a unique but ubiquitous platform from which to explore the potential for the automated recognition of manufactured standard architectural components. The aim of enhancing this knowledge base is to use the degree to which these were standardised originally as a means to inform and so support their ongoing care but also that of many other contemporary buildings. Although these libraries are numerous, they are maintained at a local level and as such, their shared challenges for maintenance remain unknown to one another. Additionally, this paper presents a methodology to indirectly retrieve useful indicators and semantics, relating to emerging HBIM families, by applying deep learning to a varied range of architectural imagery.
VACUUM PERFORMANCE IN THE MOST RECENT THIRD GENERATION SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCES

Several 3 generation synchrotron light sources were built and commissioned during the last ten years. The vacuum system of these light sources was designed using different approaches but with the same objectives which guarantee the lowest outgassing rate and the highest pumping speed that by the end will achieve the lowest influence in the circulated beam (longest life time, the lowest impedance and instabilities.etc). The vacuum performance of recently commissioned rings (DIAMOND, SOLEIL and the Australian Synchrotron) are presented, together with a comparison of the different approaches which have been used in the design of the vacuum system and the lessons for the design of vacuum systems for the new machines.
butterflies Heliconius reproductive isolation in Pervasive genetic associations between traits causing

Supplementary data tml http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/suppl/2010/08/27/rspb.2010. 1493.DC1. h "Data Supplement" References ml#ref-list-1 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/early/2010/08/27/rspb.2010. 1493.full. ht This article cites 44 articles, 7 of which can be accessed free P<P Published online 1 September 2010 in advance of the print journal. This article is free to access Subject collections (2224 articles) evolution  (1628 articles) behaviour  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
Studies of early retrovirus-host interactions. Viral determinants for pathogenesis and the influence of sex on the susceptibility to Friend murine leukaemia virus infection

The studies in the present thesis sought to define virus and host factors that can influence on the susceptibility to murine retrovirus infection. In addition, we wanted to study possible correlations between events of early infection and subsequent disease progression. For an extensive discussion of the major findings, the reader is referred to papers I-IV. The following section will give a general discussion concerning 1) some methodological aspects; 2) the course of FIS-2 infection; 3) determinants responsible for erythroleukaemia; 4) determinants responsible for immunosuppression; and, 5) does sex matter?