Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The growth and fabrication of high-performance In0.5Ga0.5As metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor on GaAs substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method

Growth conditions have investigated for growing high quality In<sub>0.3</sub>Ga<sub>0.7</sub>As and In<sub>0.5</sub>Ga<sub>0.5</sub>As on GaAs substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method. Annihilation reactions between threading dislocations observed by transmission electron microscopy are experimental evidences to confirm threading dislocations had been blocked in In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As buffer layers. A high quality smooth surface In<sub>0.5</sub>Ga<sub>0.5</sub>As epi-film with threading dislocation density of 2×10<sup>6</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> was achieved at growth temperature of 490 <sup>o</sup>C. Metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor devices fabricated on In<sub>0.5</sub>Ga<sub>0.5</sub>As/GaAs perform nice capacitance-voltage response, with small frequency dispersion. The conductance contours indicate that the Fermi level moves freely to the lower part of the InGaAs bandgap without pinning.
Column Efficiency of Fluoride Removal Using Quaternized Palm Kernel Shell (QPKS)

In this research, the adsorption potential of quaternized palm kernel shell (QPKS) to remove F− from aqueous solution was investigated using fixed-bed adsorption column. Raw palm kernel shell waste was reacted with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHMAC) in order to modify the surface charge. The effects of inlet F− concentrations (2–12 mg/l) and QPKS bed height (2–10 cm) with optimum pH (pH = 3) on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were determined. In the fixed-bed column, breakthrough time increases with increasing bed height due to increasing amount of active site on adsorbents to adsorb the fluoride ion. Decreasing trend of breakthrough values was obtained with increasing initial fluoride concentration due to greater driving force for the transfer process to overcome the mass transfer resistance in the column. The adsorptions were fitted to three well-established fixed-bed adsorption models, namely, Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Adams–Bohart models. The results fitted well to the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models with correlation coefficient, R2 ≥ 0.96.
Return to work after stroke: Important aspects shared and contrasted by five stakeholder groups.

BACKGROUND Poor co-operation between the various stakeholders underscores the need for reviewing important factors that facilitate return to work (RTW) after stroke. OBJECTIVE To explore and describe important aspects expressed by Swedish stakeholders in the RTW process for persons post stroke and to contrast the stakeholders' aspects exploring different perspectives that may influence optimal RTW. METHODS Data from seven focus group interviews with the stakeholders were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Three main categories made up the findings; the prolonged RTW process, the need for extended knowledge, and the assessment of work ability in the RTW process. Despite the stakeholders' agreement on these important aspects, they presented divergent views of the categories, representing their diverse agendas. CONCLUSIONS A stroke coordinator may remediate the stakeholders' divergent perspectives. The coordinator should be versed in stroke specific knowledge and in a person centered approach to inform the decision process regarding RTW, while finding optimal solutions within regulatory boundary conditions. A coordinator could increase collaboration of the various stakeholders, provide support and coordinate services for the client with stroke and the employer throughout the whole process facilitating RTW after stroke. Future studies are needed to confirm this proposal.
Effect of routine isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis incidence among HIV-infected men in South Africa: a novel randomized incremental recruitment study.

CONTEXT Tuberculosis preventive therapy reduces tuberculosis incidence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in clinical trials, but implementation has been limited and there are no data on effectiveness under routine conditions. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect on tuberculosis incidence of a clinic providing isoniazid preventive therapy to HIV-infected adults under routine conditions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized intervention study with a novel incremental recruitment design. Between 1999 and 2001 (before antiretroviral therapy was available), 1655 HIV-infected male employees of a South African gold-mining company (median age, 37 years) were enrolled in the study. Median follow-up was 22.1 months. INTERVENTION Employees were invited in random sequence to attend a workplace HIV clinic. Isoniazid, 300 mg/d, was self-administered for 6 months among attendees with no evidence of active tuberculosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incidence of tuberculosis (including both first and recurrent episodes) during the periods before and after clinic enrollment. RESULTS A total of 1016 of 1655 men included in the analysis attended the clinic at least once. Six hundred seventy-nine (97%) of 702 men eligible to start primary isoniazid preventive therapy did so. The tuberculosis incidence rate before vs after clinic enrollment was 11.9 vs 9.0 per 100 person-years, respectively (incidence rate ratio [IRR] after adjustment for calendar period, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.96). In a multivariable analysis adjusting for calendar period, age, and silicosis grade, the tuberculosis IRR for clinic enrollment was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.43-0.89). In a further analysis excluding individuals with a history of tuberculosis (and, hence, ineligible for isoniazid preventive therapy), the adjusted IRR for clinic enrollment was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.35-0.83). CONCLUSIONS Enrollment in a clinic offering primary isoniazid preventive therapy to HIV-infected adults reduced tuberculosis incidence by 38% overall and by 46% among individuals with no history of tuberculosis prior to the study. Tuberculosis incidence remained high despite isoniazid preventive therapy, and further work is needed to determine how to use additional interventions most effectively to reduce morbidity and mortality due to tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons.
Formulation and Evaluation of Bioadhesive Buccal Drug Delivery of Tizanidine Hydrochloride Tablets

The study aim was concerned with formulation and evaluation of bioadhesive buccal drug delivery of tizanidine hydrochloride tablets, which is extensively metabolized by liver. The tablets were prepared by direct compression using bioadhesive polymers such as hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose K4M, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose alone, and a combination of these two polymers. In order to improve the permeation of drug, different permeation enhancers like beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxylpropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) were added to the formulations. The β-CD and HP-β-CD were taken in 1:1 molar ratio to drug in formulations. Bioadhesion strength, ex vivo residence time, swelling, and in vitro dissolution studies and ex vivo permeation studies were performed. In vitro release of optimized bioadhesive buccal tablet was found to be non-Fickian. SDC was taken in 1%, 2%, and 3% w/w of the total tablet weight. Stability studies in natural saliva indicated that optimized formulation has good stability in human saliva. In vivo mucoadhesive behavior of optimized formulation was performed in five healthy male human volunteers and subjective parameters were evaluated.
Age and gender and their influence on instructor perspectives of online versus face-to-face education at a Jesuit institution

Abstract While instructors are a critical component of the education paradigm, research into instructor perspectives on online education are sparse. Previously reported research from a larger study demonstrated that online and face-to-face instructor perspectives significantly differed on many factors related to online education. The purpose of this phase of that study is to report how age and gender affect instructor perceptions at a Jesuit, Catholic private university in the Northeast.
Cyclic AMP inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced restriction of Legionella pneumophila growth in macrophage cultures

The mechanism of the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on macrophages in terms of replication of intracellular facultative bacteria is unclear. It was found in the present study that the anti-Legionella pneumophila activity induced by LPS in macrophages from susceptible A/J mice was reversed in vitro by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DcAMP). A 24-h pretreatment of murine thioglycolate-elicited macrophages with LPS resulted in an enhanced ability of these cells to inhibit the intracellular growth of L. pneumophila. This anti-L. pneumophila activity of macrophages induced by LPS was inhibited when DcAMP (10(-3) to 10(-5) M) was present during preincubation with LPS. The addition of DcAMP to the cultures was more effective before LPS treatment than after treatment. The effect of DcAMP was dose dependent. The secretion and production of acid phosphatase by LPS-activated macrophages were also inhibited by the addition of DcAMP before LPS treatment. Furthermore, the anti-L. pneumophila activity of macrophages induced by LPS could also be reversed in vitro by treatment with prostaglandin E2, colchicine, isoproterenol, theophylline, or hydrocortisone, all of which are known to increase the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP in various tissues. These observations indicate that the anti-L. pneumophila activity induced by LPS treatment can be modified by mechanisms involving cyclic nucleotide metabolism.
Membangun karakter kemandirian wirausaha santri melalui sistem pendidikan pondok pesantren

Pondok pesantren Al-Mawaddah merupakan salah satu pondok pesantren di kabupaten Kudus yang salah satu tujuan utamanya adalah membentuk karakter santri yang mandiri dalam berwirausaha. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui sistem pendidikan pondok pesantren Al Mawaddah Kudus dalam membangun membangun karakter kemandirian wirausaha santri yang melingkupi tujuan, kegiatan pembelajaran, dan kegiatan santri. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data didapatkan dari proses observasi, wawancara langsung, dan dokumentasi. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, didapatkan hasil yang pertama, pondok pesantren Al-Mawaddah mempunyai tujuan membentuk santri berkarakter mandiri untuk berwirausaha yang melingkupi mempunyai keberanian mental dalam berwirausaha, mampu mengatur waktu antara menjalankan kegiatan usaha dan kegiatan belajar, dan mampu mengatur keuangan tanpa bergantung kepada orang lain. kedua kegiatan pembelajaran santri dalam masalah ilmu agama hampir sama dengan pesantren pada umumnya yang menggunakan metode sorogan dan bandongan. Dalam pembelajaran wirausaha, selain mendapatkan pembinaan dan pelatihan secara langsung, santri juga mendapatkan motivasi dari pengasuh baik secara langsung (bertemu) mapun tidak langsung (lewat media sosial whastapp). Ketiga kegiatan santri dilingkungan pondok pesantren selain memperdalam ilmu agama dengan mengikuti kajian kitab, khitobah dan kuliah tujuh menit (kultum), dan ceramah kepada masyarakat, juga diisi dengan mengelola usaha-usaha mandiri milik pondok pesantren.
Membrane Protein Complex ExbB4-ExbD1-TonB1 from Escherichia coli Demonstrates Conformational Plasticity

ABSTRACT Iron acquisition at the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is powered by the proton motive force (PMF) of the cytoplasmic membrane (CM), harnessed by the CM-embedded complex of ExbB, ExbD, and TonB. Its stoichiometry, ensemble structural features, and mechanism of action are unknown. By panning combinatorial phage libraries, periplasmic regions of dimerization between ExbD and TonB were predicted. Using overexpression of full-length His6-tagged exbB-exbD and S-tagged tonB, we purified detergent-solubilized complexes of ExbB-ExbD-TonB from Escherichia coli. Protein-detergent complexes of ∼230 kDa with a hydrodynamic radius of ∼6.0 nm were similar to previously purified ExbB4-ExbD2 complexes. Significantly, they differed in electronegativity by native agarose gel electrophoresis. The stoichiometry was determined to be ExbB4-ExbD1-TonB1. Single-particle electron microscopy agrees with this stoichiometry. Two-dimensional averaging supported the phage display predictions, showing two forms of ExbD-TonB periplasmic heterodimerization: extensive and distal. Three-dimensional (3D) particle classification showed three representative conformations of ExbB4-ExbD1-TonB1. Based on our structural data, we propose a model in which ExbD shuttles a proton across the CM via an ExbB interprotein rearrangement. Proton translocation would be coupled to ExbD-mediated collapse of extended TonB in complex with ligand-loaded receptors in the OM, followed by repositioning of TonB through extensive dimerization with ExbD. Here we present the first report for purification of the ExbB-ExbD-TonB complex, molar ratios within the complex (4:1:1), and structural biology that provides insights into 3D organization. IMPORTANCE Receptors in the OM of Gram-negative bacteria allow entry of iron-bound siderophores that are necessary for pathogenicity. Numerous iron-acquisition strategies rely upon a ubiquitous and unique protein for energization: TonB. Complexed with ExbB and ExbD, the Ton system links the PMF to OM transport. Blocking iron uptake by targeting a vital nanomachine holds promise in therapeutics. Despite much research, the stoichiometry, structural arrangement, and molecular mechanism of the CM-embedded ExbB-ExbD-TonB complex remain unreported. Here we demonstrate in vitro evidence of ExbB4-ExbD1-TonB1 complexes. Using 3D EM, we reconstructed the complex in three conformational states that show variable ExbD-TonB heterodimerization. Our structural observations form the basis of a model for TonB-mediated iron acquisition.
Surgical treatment of basal cell carcinomas using standard postoperative histological assessment

Surgical treatment of basal cell carcinomas using postoperative histological assessment is routinely practised in Australia. The efficacy of the procedure depends on key decisions made by the surgeon. The first is case selection that requires an understanding of the limitations of the procedure. The tumour border is then identified and a margin added. The margin selected should achieve the desired balance between incomplete excision rate and mean tissue sacrifice. There is an inverse relationship between these parameters; achieving a 5% incomplete excision rate requires a mean tissue sacrifice of over 4 mm. Factors affecting margin selection are discussed, unfortunately none allows a dramatic reduction in mean tissue sacrifice. The final decision involves interpreting and acting on the histological examination of the excised specimen. Tumour recurrence is rare (less than 2% at 5 years) if the tumour is clear of the surgical margin. The visualized histological margin required to ensure complete excision varies with histological technique and tumour properties. Routine reporting of histological margin in millimetres or horizontal sectioning is recommended. Tumour recurrence averages 38% when the histological margin is involved. The merits of careful clinical follow up of incompletely excised tumours or immediate re‐excision are discussed.
Infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 is effective and safe in treating inflammatory bowel diseases: a real-life multicenter, observational study in Italian primary inflammatory bowel disease centers

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of biosimilar infliximab (IFX) CT-P13 in treating outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Italian primary gastroenterology centers. Methods Consecutive IBD outpatients who completed the induction treatment were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical activity was scored according to the Mayo score for ulcerative colitis (UC) and to the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) for Crohn’s disease (CD). The primary endpoint was the achievement of clinical remission (Mayo score ≤2 in UC and HBI ≤5 in CD). Secondary endpoints were clinical response to treatment, achievement of mucosal healing, and safety. Results One hundred forty-one patients (96 UC and 45 CD) were enrolled. Previous treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α had been provided to 26% of UC patients and 28.9% of CD patients. Remission was achieved in 57.3% UC patients and in 75.6% CD patients during a median (interquartile range) follow up of 24 (6-24) months. Clinical response and mucosal healing were achieved in 87.5% and 75.0% of UC patients and in 84.4% and 84.2% of CD patients, respectively. By both univariate and multivariate analysis, age >40 years, presence of comorbidities, and naivety to anti-TNFα were significantly related to remission. Only one (0.7%) adverse event was reported in the CD group. Surgery was performed in 2.1% of UC patients and 6.7% of CD patients. Switching from IFX originator to biosimilar did not influence the maintenance of the clinical remission. Conclusion This study confirmed the long-term efficacy and safety of CT-P13 therapy in IBD, in both naïve patients and those switching from IFX originator.
Xanthelasma palpebrarum: Treatment with the erbium:YAG laser

Xanthelasma palpebrarum presents a therapeutic and aesthetic challenge because of its high visibility and frequent rate of recurrence with a wide variety of treatments. Many patients are disappointed by an initial unsuccessful treatment and fail to return for further therapy until the skin problem has become quite conspicuous. A simple treatment with few side effects and good acceptance remains an important goal.
Can Functional Movement Assessment Predict Football Head Impact Biomechanics?

PurposeThe purposes of this study was to determine functional movement assessments’ ability to predict head impact biomechanics in college football players and to determine whether head impact biomechanics could explain preseason to postseason changes in functional movement performance. MethodsParticipants (N = 44; mass, 109.0 ± 20.8 kg; age, 20.0 ± 1.3 yr) underwent two preseason and postseason functional movement assessment screenings: 1) Fusionetics Movement Efficiency Test and 2) Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Fusionetics is scored 0 to 100, and participants were categorized into the following movement quality groups as previously published: good (≥75), moderate (50–75), and poor (<50). The LESS is scored 0 to 17, and participants were categorized into the following previously published movement quality groups: good (⩽5 errors), moderate (6–7 errors), and poor (>7 errors). The Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System measured head impact frequency and magnitude (linear acceleration and rotational acceleration). An encoder with six single-axis accelerometers was inserted between the padding of a commercially available Riddell football helmet. We used random intercepts general linear-mixed models to analyze our data. ResultsThere were no effects of preseason movement assessment group on the two Head Impact Telemetry System impact outcomes: linear acceleration and rotational acceleration. Head impact frequency did not significantly predict preseason to postseason score changes obtained from the Fusionetics (F1,36 = 0.22, P = 0.643, R2 = 0.006) or the LESS (F1,36 < 0.01, P = 0.988, R2 < 0.001) assessments. ConclusionsPrevious research has demonstrated an association between concussion and musculoskeletal injury, as well as functional movement assessment performance and musculoskeletal injury. The functional movement assessments chosen may not be sensitive enough to detect neurological and neuromuscular differences within the sample and subtle changes after sustaining head impacts.
Does the subepicardial mesenchyme contribute myocardioblasts to the myocardium of the chick embryo heart? A quail‐chick chimera study tracing the fate of the epicardial primordium

Morris (J. Anat., 1976;121:47–64) proposed that the subepicardial mesenchyme might represent a continuing source of myocardioblasts during embryonic and fetal development. Recent studies have shown that the epicardium and subepicardial mesenchyme, and the coronary vasculature are all derived from a region of the pericardial wall, called the proepicardial serosa. In avian embryos, the cells from the proepicardial serosa colonize the heart via a secondary tissue bridge formed by attachment of proepicardial villi to the heart. In the present study, Morris's hypothesis was tested by tracing the fate of the proepicardial serosa. This was achieved by constructing quail‐chick chimeras. The proepicardial serosa was transplanted from HH16/17 quail embryos to HH16/17 chick embryos (ED3). A new transplantation technique facilitated an orthotopic attachment of the quail proepicardial villi to the chicken heart, and prevented the attachment of the chicken proepicardial villi to the heart. The fate of the grafted quail cells was traced in chimeras from ED4 to ED18 with immunohistochemistry, using quail‐specific antibodies (QCPN, QH‐1). From ED4 onward, the transplant was connected to the dorsal heart wall via its proepicardial villi. Starting from the point of attachment of the quail proepicardial villi to the heart, the originally naked myocardium became almost completely covered by quail‐derived epicardium, and quail mesenchymal cells populated the subepicardial, myocardial, and subendocardial layers including the av‐endocardial cushions. Quail cells formed the endothelial and smooth muscles cells of the coronary vessels, and the perivascular and intramyocardial fibroblasts. Quail myocardial cells were never found in the subepicardial, myocardial, and subendocardial layers. This suggests that the subepicardial mesenchyme normally does not contribute a substantial number of myocardioblasts to the developing avian heart. The new transplantation technique presented facilitates the production of chimeric hearts in which the derivatives of the proepicardial serosa are almost completely of donor origin. Thistechnique might be useful for future studies analyzing the role of certain genes in cardiac development by the creation of somatic transgenics. Anat Rec 255:212–226, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous Optimization Optimal algorithms for the a -neighbor p -center problem

Assigning multiple service facilities to demand points is important when demand points are required to withstand service facility failures. Such failures may result from a multitude of causes, ranging from technical difﬁculties to natural disasters. The a -neighbor p -center problem deals with locating p service facilities. Each demand point is assigned to its nearest a service facilities, thus it is able to withstand up to a (cid:2) 1 service facility failures. The objective is to minimize the maximum distance between a demand point and its a th nearest service facility. We present two optimal algorithms for both the continuous and discrete a -neighbor p -center problem. We present experimental results comparing the performance of the two optimal algorithms for a = 2. We also present experimental results showing the performance of the relaxation algorithm for a = 1, 2, 3.