Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D3 Receptor Activation Rescued Corticostriatal Neural Activity and Improved Motor Function in –D2R Tardive Dyskinesia Mice Model

Haloperidol-induced dyskinesia has been linked to a reduction in dopamine activity characterized by the inhibition of dopamine receptive sites on D2-receptor (D2R). As a result of D2R inhibition, calcium-linked neural activity is affected and seen as a decline in mo-tor-cognitive function after prolonged haloperidol use in the treatment of psychotic disorders. In this study, we have elucidated the relationship between haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia and the neural activity in motor cortex (M1), basal nucleus (CPu), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (CA1). Also, we explored the role of Vitamin D3 receptor (VD3R) activation as a therapeutic target in improving motor-cognitive functions in dyskinetic mice. Dyskinesia was induced in adult BALB/c mice after 28 days of haloperidol treatment (10 mg/Kg; intraperitoneal). We established the presence of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) in the haloperidol treated mice (-D2) through assessment of the threshold and amplitude of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) for the Limbs (Li) and Orolingual (Ol) area (Li and Ol AIMs). As a confirmatory test, the dyskinetic mice (-D2) showed high global AIMs score when compared with the VD3RA intervention group (-D2/+VDR) for Li and Ol AIMs. Furthermore, in the behavioral tests, the dyskinetic mice exhibited a decrease in latency of fall (LOF; Rotarod-P 2/+VDR), 100 mg/Kg for 7 days, CPu-CA1 burst activity was restored leading to a decrease in abnormal movement, and an increase in motor function. Ultimately, we deduced that VD3RA activation reduced the threshold of abnormal movement in haloperidol induced dyskinesia.
Magnetic Suppression of Zonal Flows on a Beta Plane

Zonal flows in rotating systems have been previously shown to be suppressed by the imposition of a background magnetic field aligned with the direction of rotation. Understanding the physics behind the suppression may be important in systems found in astrophysical fluid dynamics, such as stellar interiors. However, the mechanism of suppression has not yet been explained. In the idealized setting of a magnetized beta plane, we provide a theoretical explanation that shows how magnetic fluctuations directly counteract the growth of weak zonal flows. Two distinct calculations yield consistent conclusions. The first, which is simpler and more physically transparent, extends the Kelvin–Orr shearing wave to include magnetic fields and shows that a weak, long-wavelength shear flow organizes magnetic fluctuations to absorb energy from the mean flow. The second calculation, based on the quasilinear, statistical CE2 framework, is valid for arbitrary wavelength zonal flow and predicts a self-consistent growth rate of the zonal flow. We find that a background magnetic field suppresses zonal flow if the bare Alfvén frequency is comparable to or larger than the bare Rossby frequency. However, suppression can occur for even smaller magnetic fields if the resistivity is sufficiently small enough to allow sizable magnetic fluctuations. Our calculations reproduce the scaling that describes the boundary of zonation, as found in previous work, and we explicitly link this scaling to the amplitude of magnetic fluctuations.
Mesophyllum erubescens (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)—so many species in one epithet

The name Mesophyllum erubescens has been applied to protuberant rhodolith specimens which sometimes occur abundantly, as well as to encrusting specimens in tropical and temperate waters in the Western Pacific, Indian and Western Atlantic Oceans. A DNA sequence, representing about 20% of the rbc L gene, was obtained from the 140 year old holotype specimen collected in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago by the Challenger Expedition. This sequence was identical to field-collected topotype specimens as well as to specimens ranging south along the coast of Brazil. Sequences for psb A from these same Brazilian specimens and specimens from the east coast of Mexico were identical or differed by 1 base pair. In contrast, specimens called M. erubescens based on morpho-anatomical characters in the Pacific Ocean differed from Western Atlantic Ocean specimens by 2.5–13.1%, indicating that these represent numerous distinct species. All reports of non-geniculate coralline species said to be widely distributed across different oceans or in different biogeographic provinces based on morpho-anatomical characters need to be verified by DNA sequences.
Effect of Hydrocarbon Molecular Structure on Diesel Exhaust Emissions Part 2: Effect of Branched and Ring Structures of Paraffins on Benzene and Soot Formation

In order to determine diesel fuel characteristics that might influence particulate matter (PM) emission, we have conducted a detailed investigation that combines combustion/exhaust emission measurements, in-cylinder observations, fuel analyses and chemical reactor experiments. A comparison between three representative diesel fuels, viz., “Base” (Japanese market fuel), “Improved”(lighter fuel with lower aromatics) and Swedish “Class-1” yielded the following results: (1) The amount of PM emission decreases in the order of “Base” > “Class-1” > “Improved”. Unexpectedly enough, “Class-1” produces more PM than “Improved” despite its significantly lower distillation temperature, and lower aromatics and sulfur content. (2) There is little difference in the combustion characteristics of the three fuels. (3) Only “Class-1” contains significant quantities of iso and naphthenic structures. (4) Flow reactor pyrolysis shows that “Class-1” produces the largest amount of PM precursors, such as benzene and toluene. These results suggest that the presence of branched and ring structures can increase exhaust PM emissions. This finding was confirmed by flowreactor and shock tube experiments using hexanes, which revealed that isoand cycloparaffins produce more benzene and soot than n-paraffins do. The results obtained in this study indicate that the specific molecular structure of the paraffinic components needs to be considered as one of the diesel fuel properties closely related to PM formation.
Compared to What? Reference Points in Performance Evaluation

Questions about \good" or \bad" performance are dicult to handle without comparing with something. This paper tests how reference points alter citizens’ evaluation of performance information. Specically, I test how citizens use historical or social reference points when making relative comparisons. How important is performance relative to past outcomes compared with performance relative to the outcomes obtained by others? The question of comparison is also linked to the often noted negativity bias. Two experiments within a large nationally representative sample are presented (n=3443). The experiments assign citizens to dierent forms of historical and social reference points with performance data on education and unemployment. Interestingly, in both cases the ndings show that social reference points are almost twice as important as historical ones. Mixed evidence on the negativity bias is also found. These strong social comparison eects have implications for studying public opinion and elite framing of performance.
A Blind Normal Fault beneath the Taipei Basin in Northern Taiwan

The Taipei basin, historically low in seismicity, is located in northern Taiwan. A dense broadband seismic array was deployed in the basin in June 2004 to monitor seismic activity. During the period of operation, three felt earthquakes occurred near the eastern part of the Taipei basin, about 3 km to the south of Taipei 101 then the tallest building in the world. Relocated earthquakes show a southeast-dipping distribution of hypocenters beneath the Taipei basin. The seismicity pattern and focal mechanisms of the three felt events suggest the existence of a blind normal fault whose surface projection is along the river channel in the middle of the basin.
Clinico- sonographic evaluation based surgical management of urolithiasis in young calves

The objectives of study were to screen the calves as stone and non-stone formers, to manage the calves with obstructive urolithiasis by diversified surgical approaches based on clinical and sonographic assessment. The study was conducted in bovine calves (n=27), manifesting clinical urolithiasis. All these animals and 52 calves of age group 3 to 18 months presented with any form of ailments were included in screening as normal and stone former. Anamnesis, clinical and physical examinations, ultrasonography, peri operative and post operative observations and, complications were recorded. On the basis of clinical symptoms, ultrasonographic findings of urinary system, duration of obstruction and position of calculi, were divided into five groups of 6 animals each except group T having 3 animals and most suited surgical procedure, that is, in dwelling Normograde catheterization,tube cystostomy, cystostomy and uretotomy,trocarization and Percutaneous catherizati on and abdominocentesis were awarded. The highest occurrence was found in the age group of under one year (60%) followed by 40% above one year. Cross bred calves were most affected (70%). Duration of illness in calves varied from 24 to 120 h. The rectal temperature increased slightly at different postoperative intervals in all the groups. The heart rate and respiration rate showed a gradual decrease at different postoperative intervals and became normal towards end of study. In 90% cases small multiple irregular and smooth concretions were retrieved. The calves suffering from obstructive urolithiasis had the history of feeding on diets containing wheat bran, commercial cattle feed, rice bran and rice straw few days before manifesting symptoms. Trocharization followed by peritoneal catheterization helped to prolong the life of the severely diseased animals and made them more suitable for major surgery subsequently.
Effect of heavy metal on survival of certain groups of indigenous soil microbial population

Heavy metal pollution of soil is known to adversely effect microbial activities at elevated concentration. However, response of indigenous soil bacterial population to added heavy metal and metal combinations is poorly understood. In the present study salts of heavy metals like Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were added in soil under laboratory conditions with different concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 μg/g of soil) and sufficient moisture. The microcosm were stored at 28 ± 1 °C for 28 days. Viable count of aerobic heterotrophs, asymbiotic nitrogen fixers and actinomycetes were determined at different time intervals (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of incubation) using the plate dilution method. Aerobic-heterotrophic bacterial population were more sensitive to metal groups like Ni and Cd followed by Cu, Cd, Hg, Mn, Cr and Zn. Similarly a symbiotic nitrogen fixers showed higher sensitivity to metal groups like Cd, Pb, Hg followed by Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn. Actinomycetes were found most sensitive. Metal toxicity was higher for Pb, Mn, Ni followed by Cd, Hg, Cr and least to Cu and Zn. Toxicity of heavy metal was concentration as well as time dependent. Loss of microbial diversity is evident as we move towards higher concentration of heavy metal in soil. Further, experimentation is needed to understand the genetic diversity of the sensitive and metal tolerant microbial population and metal-microbe interaction under natural condition in soil. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 9(1) 2005: 115-121
BLACK HOLE SPIN AND THE RADIO LOUD/QUIET DICHOTOMY OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

Radio loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are on average 1000 times brighter in the radio band compared to radio quiet AGNs. We investigate whether this radio loud/quiet dichotomy can be due to differences in the spin of the central black holes (BHs) that power the radio-emitting jets. Using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we construct steady state axisymmetric numerical models for a wide range of BH spins (dimensionless spin parameter 0.1 ⩽ a ⩽ 0.9999) and a variety of jet geometries. We assume that the total magnetic flux through the BH horizon at radius rH(a) is held constant. If the BH is surrounded by a thin accretion disk, we find that the total BH power output depends approximately quadratically on the angular frequency of the hole, P ∝ Ω2H ∝ (a/rH)2. We conclude that, in this scenario, differences in the BH spin can produce power variations of only a few tens at most. However, if the disk is thick such that the jet subtends a narrow solid angle around the polar axis, then the power dependence becomes much steeper, P ∝ Ω4H or even ∝Ω6H. Power variations of 1000 are then possible for realistic BH spin distributions. We derive an analytic solution that accurately reproduces the steeper scaling of jet power with ΩH and we provide a numerical fitting formula that reproduces all our simulation results. We discuss other physical effects that might contribute to the observed radio loud/quiet dichotomy of AGNs.
Chronic Prosthetic Device Infection with Francisella tularensis

agnosed in Uberlândia in the state of Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil. The diagnoses were confirmed serologically by ELISA for IgM and IgG antibodies to Sin Nombre virus antigen. Because of previous reports of hantavirus interhuman transmission in Argentina and Chile [3, 4], there was some concern about this possibility among health professionals involved in the care of these patients. A serological survey was carried out in September 1998 that included workers at the 2 hospitals where the patients were admitted. Blood samples were obtained from 37 HCWs who had close contact with the patients and from 21 clerical workers; all the study participants gave informed consent. These individuals were asked whether they had had fever, malaise, and/or respiratory symptoms since admission of the patients to the hospitals. Blood samples from the HCWs were obtained 15–24 days after the first close contact with one of the patients. The serological tests were done at the Section of Arthropod-Borne Viruses, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo State Health Secretary, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Serum samples were tested by ELISA for IgG antibody to Sin Nombre virus antigen, according to the protocol of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [6]. Only 2 health professionals reported having had fever and flulike symptoms during the period between contact with 1 of the patients and collection of the blood specimen. No antibodies to Sin Nombre virus were detected in serum samples from any of the study participants. These results suggest that no interhuman transmission occurred in the hospitals where the patients with HPS were admitted for medical care. They agree with previously reported findings regarding infection with Sin Nombre virus [5]. Thus far, considering the viruses known to be associated with HPS, interhuman transmission seems to be a feature restricted to Andes virus [3, 4].
Classification of complex systems by their sample-space scaling exponents

The nature of statistics, statistical mechanics and consequently the thermodynamics of stochastic systems is largely determined by how the number of states W(N) depends on the size N of the system. Here we propose a scaling expansion of the phasespace volume W(N) of a stochastic system. The corresponding expansion coefficients (exponents) define the universality class the system belongs to. Systems within the same universality class share the same statistics and thermodynamics. For sub-exponentially growing systems such expansions have been shown to exist. By using the scaling expansion this classification can be extended to all stochastic systems, including correlated, constraint and super-exponential systems. The extensive entropy of these systems can be easily expressed in terms of these scaling exponents. Systems with super-exponential phasespace growth contain important systems, such as magnetic coins that combine combinatorial and structural statistics. We discuss other applications in the statistics of networks, aging, and cascading random walks.
Psychological Commitment to Exercise and Eating Disorder Symptomatology among Female Aerobic Instructors

Researchers have questioned aerobic instructors’ status as healthy role models by suggesting that they are excessive exercisers who may be at risk for developing eating disorders. To address this issue, 286 female aerobic instructors (mean age = 34.1) completed the Commitment to Exercise Scale (CES) and the Bulimia (B), Body Dissatisfaction (BD), and Drive for Thinness (DT) subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2). Instructors scored low on the CES (M = 62.24) relative to other high-exercising populations. Scores on the EDI-2 subscales were also low compared to published norms (M = .78, 7.8, and 3.2 for B, BD, and DT, respectively). Simple correlations revealed that the CES was related to all three EDI-2 subscales (rs ranged from .18 to .30; ps < .01). Discussion focuses on factors that may account for instructors’ healthy attitudes toward exercise and eating, and practical implications for sport psychologists who work with fitness instructors.
Readers, Players, and Watchers: EFL Students' Vocabulary Acquisition through Digital Video Games.

The present study investigated vocabulary acquisition through a commercial digital video game compared to a traditional pencil-and-paper treatment. Chosen through cluster sampling, 241 male high school students (age 12–18) participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of the following groups. The first group, called Readers, involved those who learned vocabulary through intensive reading; the second group, Players, learned vocabulary through playing a digital video game; the third group, Watchers, were trained through watching two classmates play the digital video game. The vocabulary items were first pretested. Next, each group underwent training for five weeks (one session a week). Then, the vocabulary items were posttested. Also, field notes were made. To compare the three groups, a mixed between within subjects ANOVA was run. Results indicated that the Players and Watchers outperformed the Readers. It is concluded that digital video games can be beneficial complementary activities for vocabulary acquisition in high school classrooms.
Consensus time in a voter model with concealed and publicly expressed opinions

The voter model is a simple agent-based model to mimic opinion dynamics in social networks: a randomly chosen agent adopts the opinion of a randomly chosen neighbour. This process is repeated until a consensus emerges. Although the basic voter model is theoretically intriguing, it misses an important feature of real opinion dynamics: it does not distinguish between an agent’s publicly expressed opinion and her inner conviction. A person may not feel comfortable declaring her conviction if her social circle appears to hold an opposing view. Here we introduce the Concealed Voter Model where we add a second, concealed layer of opinions to the public layer. If an agent’s public and concealed opinions disagree, she can reconcile them by either publicly disclosing her previously secret point of view or by accepting her public opinion as inner conviction. We study a complete graph of agents who can choose from two opinions. We define a martingale M that determines the probability of all agents eventually agreeing on a particular opinion. By analyzing the evolution of M in the limit of a large number of agents, we derive the leading-order terms for the mean and standard deviation of the consensus time (i.e. the time needed until all opinions are identical). We thereby give a precise prediction by how much concealed opinions slow down a consensus.
On Some Entanglement Properties Of Quantum Field Theory

These are notes on some entanglement properties of quantum field theory, aiming to make accessible a variety of ideas that are known in the literature. The main goal is to explain how to deal with entanglement when – as in quantum field theory – it is a property of the algebra of observables and not just of the states. ar X iv :1 80 3. 04 99 3v 6 [ he pth ] 6 A ug 2 01 8
Hard limits on the postselectability of optical graph states

Coherent control of large entangled graph states enables a wide variety of quantum information processing tasks, including error-corrected quantum computation. The linear optical approach offers excellent control and coherence, but today most photon sources and entangling gates—required for the construction of large graph states—are probabilistic and rely on postselection. In this work, we provide proofs and heuristics to aid experimental design using postselection. We introduce a versatile design rule for postselectable experiments: drawn as a graph, with qubit as vertices and gates and photon-pair sources as edges, an experiment may only contain cycles with an odd number of sources. We analyse experiments that use photons from postselected photon-pair sources, and lower bound the number of accessible classes of graph state entanglement in the non-degenerate case—graph state entanglement classes that contain a tree are are always accessible. The proportion of graph states accessible by postselection shrinks rapidly, however. We list accessible classes for various resource states up to 9 qubits. Finally, we apply these methods to near-term multi-photon experiments.
The Masking of Declining Manufacturing Employment by the Housing Bubble

Kerwin Kofi Charles is Edwin and Betty L. Bergman Professor, University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy, Chicago, Illinois. Erik Hurst is the V. Duane Rath Professor of Economics and the John E. Jeuck Faculty Fellow, University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Chicago, Illinois. Matthew J. Notowidigdo is Associate Professor of Economics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. All three authors are Research Associates, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Their email addresses are kerwin.charles@gmail.com, erik.hurst@chicagobooth.edu, and noto@northwestern.edu.
Caracterização agromorfológica do maracujazeiro (Passiflora spp.)

The germoplasm evaluated is composed by 55 accessions of P. edulis, P. alata, P. coccinea, P. caerulea, P. foetida, P. giberti, P. macrocarpa, P. macrocarpa x P. alata, P. serrato digitata and P. suberosa; and one Passiflora sp. accession. On isolated plants field cultivated under trellising system, 22 morphological descriptors were studied. The phylogenetic relationships evaluated by the Principal Component Analysis and genetic distances showed a wide genetic diversity among the species studied. Monomorphics characters were showed by some species. Important variability is observed within P. alata and P. edulis and small divergences are found between accessions of the flavicarpa form.
Quantum Network Code for Multiple-Unicast Network with Quantum Invertible Linear Operations

This paper considers the communication over a quantum multiple-unicast network where r sender-receiver pairs communicate independent quantum states. We concretely construct a quantum network code for the quantum multiple-unicast network as a generalization of the code [Song and Hayashi, arxiv:1801.03306, 2018] for the quantum unicast network. When the given node operations are restricted to invertible linear operations between bit basis states and the rates of transmissions and interferences are restricted, our code certainly transmits a quantum state for each sender-receiver pair by n-use of the network asymptotically, which guarantees no information leakage to the other users. Our code is implemented only by the coding operation in the senders and receivers and employs no classical communication and no manipulation of the node operations. Several networks that our code can be applied are also given.