Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The theory of planned behaviour and how it relates to software piracy

Owing to the ever increasing prevalence of software piracy and the alarming rise in costs to global economies, this research evaluated the Theory of Planned Behaviour and looked to determine if there are any relationships between the constructs under the model and intentions to carry out a specific behaviour, namely the copying of unauthorised computer software. The theory suggests that should attitudes and social norms favour the pirating of software and should the individual have the necessary perceived behavioural control and selfefficacy then they will be more likely to have intention to commit a certain act. A quantitative study looking at 225 individuals from organisations in the fields of manufacturing, finance and information technology was carried out to evaluate the theory’s claims. Correlations and linear regressions were run to analyse the data and it emerged that attitudes were the major predictor of intentions to pirate software accounting for up to 55% of the variance. Despite the perceived behavioural control variable there was significant support for the predictive value of the different constructs under the Theory of Planned Behaviour as well as the construct of self-efficacy.
The Key Factors of Relationship Quality between Tour Operators and SME Hotels

The importance of relationship quality for successful future business co-operations is well established; however research on factors of relationship quality within tourism and hospitality is scarce. This study therefore aims to identify factors of relationship quality between tour operators and hoteliers within the Cretan context using qualitative semi-structured interviews. Twenty-six tour operators and hoteliers were interviewed and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. Eight key factors of relationship quality were identified including trust, price, service quality, commitment, communication, mutual goals, customer satisfaction and information quality to influence the future cooperation of tour operators and hoteliers within the Cretan tourism sector. The study provides practitioners with a guideline of factors as to how to successfully co-operate. For academic, it identifies key factors of relationship qualify for the development of the relationship quality model in a hospitality setting.
The impact of emotionally intelligent leadership on talent retention, discretionary effort and employment brand

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present research on the relationship between the emotional intelligence (EI) of managers and levels of engagement amongst their direct reports. The findings are discussed in terms of a business case for EI development as a strategy to improve employment brand, talent retention and productivity.Design/methodology/approach – Within three different organisations, employees completed an assessment of their engagement and the EI of their manager via an online web survey system. Correlation analyses were then performed with the data.Findings – The EI of managers was found to meaningfully correlate with employee engagement scores. A substantial amount of the variability in direct report engagement scores was accounted for by managers' EI.Research limitations/implications – Future research needs to establish whether the EI of managers correlates with direct report engagement scores whilst controlling for direct reports' EI. Additionally, whether employee engagement scores.
Constructing a logistics space: Perspectives from the Gulf Cooperation Council

Development plans across the Gulf Cooperation Council emphasise logistical infrastructure as a driver of economic diversification. Investments in maritime ports, roads, rail, airports and logistics cities are transforming the economic geography of the region. This study aims to make visible this neglected aspect of the physical transformation of the Gulf Cooperation Council with a focus on the understudied maritime container ports in Oman and Qatar. Shifting the analysis to emergent maritime logistical infrastructure at a regional level gives insight into the uneven developments within the Gulf Cooperation Council’s integration project. Three key features emerge: (a) a large degree of duplication in maritime port infrastructure across Gulf Cooperation Council states; (b) a regional hierarchy among Gulf Cooperation Council states that are resource rich and those dependent on public–private partnerships and (c) increasing competition among internationally dominant port operators looking to gain access to the Gulf Cooperation Council maritime port market. These features both reflect and reinforce competitive tensions within the regional integration project.
A comparative study of blood glucose and serum calcium levels in term IUGR neonates and normal neonates: a cross sectional study

Background: Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia are common metabolic problems occurring in the newborn and have direct consequences in the early neonatal period, prompt identification and treatment prevents severe neurodevelopmental outcomes. The primary objective was to compare blood glucose and serum calcium levels in term Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) babies with term appropriate for age (AGA) babies and secondarily to compute number of term IUGR babies with hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia.Methods: Fifty term IUGR and 50 term AGA babies delivered at SDMCMSH, Dharwad during the study period of one year were included as cases and controls respectively after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two ml of peripheral venous blood was analyzed at 3 hours and 24 hours of life. Serum calcium was measured by calorimetric test method and blood glucose by auto analyzer. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-17.Results: At 3 hours of birth, 24% of term IUGR and 4% of AGA neonates had hypoglycemia. The mean RBS of cases at 3rd hour was 61.36±23.56 mg/dl, significantly lower than control group (75.90±22.57mg/dl). The mean RBS among cases at 24 hours of life was 70.42±16.14 mg/dl compared to 78.84±15.90 mg/dl among controls. Both correlations were statistically significant. 8% cases had hypocalcemia at 3 hours and 6% had at 24 hours. The mean serum calcium level was lower in cases (8.50±1.40 mg/dl) than controls (8.63±1.14 mg/dl) at the 3rd hour of life and 24 hours of life [cases (8.42±1.07 mg/dl) versus controls (8.64±0.91 mg/dl)]. Conclusions: Significantly lower blood glucose levels were identified in term IUGR neonates. This association was apparent at 3 hours of life. The measurement of serum calcium & glucose in IUGR babies could predict a poorer outcome in these patients. Identifying and treating these biochemical abnormalities can avoid short term as well as long term sequelae.
Photoluminescence, recombination induced luminescence and electroluminescence in epoxy resin

The dielectric breakdown of epoxies is preceded by light emission, or so-called electroluminescence, from the solid state material. Very little is known about the luminescence properties of epoxies. The aim of this paper is to derive information that can be used as a basis with which to understand the nature of the excited states and their involvement in the electrical degradation processes. Three different kinds of stimulation were used to excite the material luminescence. Photoluminescence was performed on the base resin, the hardener and the cured resin. Luminescence excited by a silent discharge has been analysed to identify which of the luminescent centres are optically active upon the recombination of electrical charges and could therefore act as charge traps. Finally, the electroluminescence spectrum has been acquired and compared with the previous ones. Although the identification of the origin of these emissions is far from being complete, it has been found that the photoluminescence from the cured resin is due to in-chain chromophores, which act as trapping centres. The excited states involved in photoluminescence also seem to be involved in electroluminescence, but other components are detected as well, which could be due to the degradation of the resin molecule under the effect of the electric stress.
One Central Bank to Rule Them All

Both U.S. and international stock markets enjoy high returns and Sharpe ratios on days of scheduled FOMC meetings, consistent with global investors demanding a premium to bear risks associated with Federal Reserve decisions. There is no comparable result for other major central banks, whose announcements do not command positive risk premia either globally or, more surprisingly, domestically. Other macroeconomic announcements have impact on local stock markets and, to some extent, even on the U.S. market. These findings suggest that the Federal Reserve exerts a unique impact on global equity prices that does not simply stem from the size and importance of the U.S. economy.
Simple Formation of Nanostructured Molybdenum Disulfide Thin Films by Electrodeposition

Nanostructured molybdenum disulfide thin films were deposited on various substrates by direct current (DC) electrolysis form aqueous electrolyte containing molybdate and sulfide ions. Post deposition annealing at higher temperatures in the range 450–700°C transformed the as-deposited amorphous films to nanocrystalline structure. High temperature X-ray diffraction studies clearly recorded the crystal structure transformations associated with grain growth with increase in annealing temperature. Surface morphology investigations revealed featureless structure in case of as-deposited surface; upon annealing it converts into a surface with protruding nanotubes, nanorods, or dumbbell shape nanofeatures. UV-visible and FTIR spectra confirmed about the presence of Mo-S bonding in the deposited films. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed that the annealed MoS2 films consist of nanoballs, nanoribbons, and multiple wall nanotubes.
Corrective Feedback in SLA: Theoretical Relevance and Empirical Research

Corrective feedback (CF) refers to the responses or treatments from teachers to a learner’s nontargetlike second language (L2) production. CF has been a crucial and controversial topic in the discipline of second language acquisition (SLA). Some SLA theorists believe that CF is harmful to L2 acquisition and should be ruled out completely while others regard CF as an essential catalyst for L2 development. The last two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in empirical research on the effectiveness of CF. This article, with an aim to provide an informed knowledge of the potential role of CF, briefly traces the history of research on CF and proposes some recommendations for further studies. It starts by surveying a range of theoretical stances on the role of error and error correction (also known as CF) in SLA. It then moves into detailed discussion of three issues on CF heatedly debated either within a cognitive or a sociocultural framework. By examining the empirical findings, some possible topics for further studies are uncovered.
Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Biogenics for the Stomach

Recently, many studies concerning probiotics, prebiotics, and biogenics have been performed, whereas only a few are related to the stomach (about 2% as publication number). In this chapter, we focus on recent studies on probiotics, prebiotics, and biogenics for the stomach and also describe our recent research on a novel strain of lactobacillus beneficial to stomach, Lactobacillus johnsonii No.1088 (LJ88). As probiotics for the stomach, some beneficial strains were summarized, and underlying mechanisms of anti-Helicobacter pylori activity were discussed. Prebiotics for the stomach were considered as a future potential target, since no indigenous bacteria beneficial to the stomach have been found to date. As biogenics, some plant-derived candidates were discussed. In this context, recent results on LJ88 lactobacillus were presented. Orally administered LJ88 inhibited H. pylori growth and the increase in the number of gastrin-producing cells, which side effect is caused by triple therapy for H. pylori. LJ88 had no resistance to typical antibiot‐ ics, and both living and heat-killed forms of it increased the number of bifidobacteria among human intestinal-microbiota in mice. These results suggest that LJ88 is a lactobacillus beneficial to both stomach and intestine as a probiotic and biogenic.
Studies on exploration and characterization of dietary fiber extracted from sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) and it’s incorporation in cookies

The application of fibers from various sources in food production is increasing due to their beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of non-modified and modified sugar-beet fibers on dough and cookie shelf life, cookie texture and cookie crumb quality. Dry sugar-beet fibers were ground, sieved through a laboratory sieve and a fraction with particles less than 95 μm was used for further treatment. It was hydrated for 24 h and pressed for removing excess water. In such a way, hydrated but non-modified fibers were obtained. Part of the non-modified fibers was exposed to a further treatment with H2O2, at the pH values: 3.5, 7 and 11 for the additional 24 h. Treated blends were neutralised, washed with tap and distilled water, pressed and blended to a homogenous mass with fine particles. In such a way modified fibers were obtained. Dough and cookie were made from white flour, powdered vital gluten, salt and yeast (as it is used in regular cookie production), without fibers, with nonmodified fibers and with modified fibers. Experiments were planned so that the quantity of the applied fibers in the blends varied from 0% to 15%, while gluten quantity varied from 0% to 5%. An enrichment of cookie with less than 10% of non-modified fibers, accompanied with a few percent of gluten, is highly recommended.
Unrealistically Optimistic Consumers: A Selective Hypothesis Testing Account for Optimism in Predictions of Future Behavior

We propose that when predicting future behavior, consumers selectively (but unwittingly) test the hypothesis that they will behave ideally. This selective hypothesis testing perspective on unrealistic optimism suggests that estimates of future behavior should be similar to those made by individuals who assume that conditions will be ideal. Moreover, consumers who initially provide estimates assuming that conditions will be ideal should recognize that the world is not ideal and so should test a more realistic hypothesis. In line with these predictions, we find that ideal-world estimates (e.g., In an ideal world, how often will you exercise next week? ) do not differ from standard estimates (e.g., How often will you exercise next week? ). We also find that individuals who initially estimate their behavior in an ideal world subsequently make more realistic predictions. (c) 2008 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
Antimicrobial Constituents from Leaves of Dolichandrone spathacea and Their Relevance to Traditional Use

Abstract Five new compounds, three iridoid glycosides (1-3) and two triterpenoid saponins (4, 5), along with thirty-two known compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Dolichandrone spathacea. This traditional medicinal plant is widely used in Asia and India as antiseptic, for bronchitis and thrush treatment, and the methanolic extract has been shown to possess antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The new iridoids were esterified derivatives of 6-ajugol and 6-catalpol, and the new saponins were glucosides of two polyhydroxy triterpenes with ursan skeleton. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and HR-ESI-MS analysis, and from comparison with the literature. This study aimed at investigating extracts and isolated compounds for their antimicrobial activities against bacterial and yeast strains, in order to validate the uses of the plant in folk medicine. The 6-O-esterified iridoids had weaker antibacterial activity; verbascoside and p-methoxycinnamic acid, the major compounds of the methanol extract, possessed strong antibacterial activity, which could account for the traditional antiseptic and anti-infectious uses of the leaves of D. spathacea.
Recurring Outbreaks of an Infection Apparently Targeting Immune Function, and Consequent Unprecedented Growth in Medical Admission and Costs in the United Kingdom: A Review

Background: The National Health Service (NHS) in the UK has been beset by unprecedented growth in emergency admissions to hospital which are specifically medical in nature, while surgical and trauma admissions are only showing the level of low growth expected from demographic change, or what is called the ageing population. There has never been an adequate explanation for this dichotomy. An Infectious Basis: The proposed infectious basis rests upon the observation that growth in medical admissions occurs in spurts which occur approximately five years apart, albeit three years between spurts have also been observed during the 1990’s. It is these spurts which are driving the long-term growth, rather than the relatively minor growth which occurs in the interval between the spurts. These periods of high growth are characterized by spikes in all-cause mortality, and typically result in a 15% increases in admissions to the medical group of specialties. However much higher growth is seen for particular conditions/diagnoses which appear to have a common Review Article Jones; BJMMR, 6(8): 735-770, 2015; Article no.BJMMR. 2015.251 736 immune function basis via infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. These outbreaks can be seen across Europe, and the last three outbreaks commenced around Mar-02, Mar-05 and Mar-10 with subsequent spread over the next two years. The middle of these three outbreaks had the lowest increase in deaths and medical admissions. Implications: There is now an overwhelming body of evidence pointing to a recurring series of infectious-like events. In the UK, the 2012/2013 outbreak led to 45,000 extra deaths while across the 27 EU countries, each outbreak appears to result in somewhere in excess of 467,000 deaths. In Europe, the outbreaks tend to occur earlier in Denmark, Romania, Bulgaria and Slovakia, while they tend to occur later in the UK, Belgium, Greece and Slovenia. Emphasis now needs to switch toward clinical studies which screen the population for changes in the levels of specific IgM and IgG antibodies against a range of potential candidate organisms, and post mortem examination of the tissues of persons who die from a particular range of conditions such as neurological disorders including dementia and Alzheimer’s; respiratory and gastrointestinal tract diseases, and cardio/vascular conditions. Conclusion: This new disease has the potential to be a highly disruptive discovery involving changes in fundamental health care policy, and our understanding of the role of immune function in the exacerbation of a range of common medical conditions.
Turbulence Considerations for Comparing Ecosystem Exchange over Old-Growth and Clear-Cut Stands with Limited Fetch and Complex Canopy Flows

1 Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 2 Dept. Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 3 Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, Gifford Pinchot Natl. Forest, Washington 4 College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 5 CMCC, Euro-Mediterranean Centre for Climate Change, Lecce, Italy
Spectro-polarimetry of the bright side of Saturn’s moon Iapetus

Context. Measurements of the polarized reflected sunlight from atmosphereless solar system bodies, over a range of phase angles, provide information about the surface structure and composition. Aims. With this work, we provide analysis of the polarimetric observations of the bright side of Iapetus at five different phase angles, and over the full useful wavelength range (400-800nm), so as to assess the light scattering behaviour of a typical surface water ice. Methods. Using FORS2 of the ESO VLT, we have performed linear spectro-polarimetric observations of Iapetus’ bright side from 2009 to 2011 at five different phase angles, in the range from 0.80 − 5.20 ◦ , along with one circular spectro-polarimetric observation at one phase angle. Results. By measuring, with high accuracy (∼ 0.1% per spectral bin for each Stokes parameter), the spectral polarization of the bright trailing hemisphere of Saturn’s moon Iapetus, we have identified the polarimetric characteristics of water ice, and found that its linear degree of negative polarization decreases with increasing phase angle of observation (varying from −0.9%to −0.3%), with a clear dependence on wavelengths of observation.
The Universe at extreme magnification

Extreme magnifications of distant objects by factors of several thousand have recently become a reality. Small, very luminous compact objects, such as supernovae (SNe), giant stars at z = 1 − 2, Pop III stars at z > 7, and even gravitational waves (GWs) from merging binary black holes near caustics of gravitational lenses can be magnified many thousands or even tens of thousands of times thanks to their small size. We explore the probability of such extreme magnifications in a cosmological context and include the effect of microlenses near critical curves. We show how the presence of microlenses near the critical curve sets a limit on the maximum magnification. We use a combination of state of the art halo mass functions, high-resolution analytical models for the density profiles, and inverse ray tracing to estimate the probability of magnification near caustics. We estimate the rate of highly magnified events in the case of SNe, GWs, and very luminous stars including Pop III stars. Our findings reveal that future observations will increase the number of events at extreme magnifications, and will open the door not only to studying individual sources at cosmic distances, but also to constraining compact dark matter candidates.
Spittlebug infestation in sugarcane affects ethanolic fermentation

A cigarrinha-das-raizes (Mahanarva fimbriolata) tornou-se praga-chave na cultura da cana-de-acucar com a expansao das areas de colheita sem queima, comprometendo a produtividade e a qualidade da materia-prima e consequentemente o processamento industrial. Essa pesquisa objetivou avaliar os efeitos da cigarrinha-das-raizes (Mahanarva fimbriolata) sobre a qualidade da cana-de-acucar e a fermentacao do caldo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, sendo cinco niveis iniciais de infestacao da cigarrinha-das-raizes (0-0,5; 0,6-2,5; 2,6-5; 5,1-8; 8,1-12,5 ninfas m-1), controlados ou nao com o inseticida thiamethoxam (0,2 kg de ingrediente ativo ha-1). Para a fermentacao alcoolica, o fermento prensado Saccharomyces cerevisiae foi inoculado aos mostos na concentracao de 30 g L-1. As analises microbiologicas foram realizadas no inicio, meio e final do processo. O teor alcoolico e os acucares redutores residuais totais foram analisados nos vinhos. O ataque da cigarrinha-das-raizes influenciou negativamente a qualidade da cana-de-acucar, viabilidade celular e de brotos de leveduras e o teor alcoolico dos vinhos. A aplicacao do inseticida controlou a praga e resultou em melhor qualidade da cana, viabilidade de celulas e brotos de leveduras, aumentando a producao de etanol.