Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring the ICD‐11 adjustment disorder concept: Validity and sensitivity to change of the Adjustment Disorder – New Module questionnaire in a clinical intervention study

Adjustment disorder (AjD) is a frequent but under‐researched diagnosis due in part to a lack of specific symptom criteria and adequate tools of measurement. The ICD‐11 for the first time proposes a positive symptom catalogue to define AjD. This study presents a validation of the Adjustment Disorder – New Module (ADNM), the first symptom severity measure for AjD according to the ICD‐11 concept. Validity and sensitivity to change were investigated in a sample of 190 individuals with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of AjD. The ADNM scales demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity for anxiety symptoms (Hamilton Anxiety Scale; psychic anxiety r = 0.18–0.31), functional impairment (Sheehan Disability Scale; r = 0.18–0.47), and depression (Montgomery–Asberg Depression Scale; r = 0.13–0.30). At baseline 78% of the individuals with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of AjD were also classified so by the ADNM. Repeated‐measures ANOVA indicated significant ADNM‐symptom decrease during treatment, replicating the patterns of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, and Clinical Global Impression Scale. This article presents the first use of the ADNM as a measure for ICD‐11 AjD in a randomized‐controlled intervention study of AjD. It provides support for the construct validity and sensitivity to symptom change of this scale during pharmacological treatment.
Determination of Insecticidal Effect (LC50 and LC90) of Organic Fatty Acids Mixture (C8910+Silicone) Against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases such as chikungunya and dengue and associated Aedes vectors are expanding their historical ranges; thus, there is a need for the development of novel insecticides for use in vector control programs. The mosquito toxicity of a novel insecticide and repellent consisting of mediumchain carbon fatty acids (C8910) was examined. Determination of LC50 and LC90 was made against colonyreared Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) using probit analysis on mortality data generated by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays. Six different concentrations of C8910 + silicone oil yielded an LC50 of 160.3 µg a.i/bottle (147.6–182.7) and LC90 of 282.8 (233.2–394.2) in Ae. aegypti; five concentrations yielded an LC50 of 125.4 (116.1–137.6) and LC90 of 192.5 (165.0–278.9) in Ae. albopictus. Further development of C8910 and similar compounds could provide vector control specialists novel insecticides for controlling insect disease vectors.
FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER1-Like Genes Affect Growth Rhythm and Bud Set in Norway Spruce1[W][OPEN]

Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins have a role in the control of annual growth rhythm in the conifer Norway spruce. The timing of bud set, as one determinant of the annual growth rhythm, is critical for local adaptation of the conifer Norway spruce (Picea abies). Previous gene expression and population genetic studies have suggested a role for P. abies FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER1-Like2 (PaFTL2) in the control of growth cessation and bud set in Norway spruce as well as in local adaptation resulting in clinal variation for timing of bud set. Using transgenic plants with PaFTL2 driven by an inducible promoter, we found that PaFTL2 indeed induces bud set and most probably also growth cessation. PaFTL2 shows high expression around the procambium and vascular tissue and in the crown region in buds of both seedlings and older trees. Furthermore, PaFTL2 expression is induced in vegetative shoots and all bud types in late summer, when growth cessation occurs. This supports the notion that PaFTL2 is involved in growth cessation. A close paralog to PaFTL2, PaFTL1, is strongly expressed in meristems during the summer, possibly to repress meristem activity and the formation of needle primordia during this period. The temporal and spatial expression of PaFTL1 and PaFTL2 largely complement each other, which suggests that they act in concert to control perennial growth in Norway spruce.
The intelligent e-store: easy interactive product selection and comparison

E-commerce is one of the most active and important Internet application areas, yet selecting a product to buy is normally quite a frustrating experience. In this paper, we identify the principal user tasks: the thinning-game and the end game. The thinning-game is used to find a suitably small set of candidate items on the basis of personal specifications. The end game is used to compare the features of a set of candidate items in order to find a single "right" item to purchase. We derive requirements for these two tasks and use them to review traditional techniques and to propose efficient solutions. The thinning game is solved by dynamic taxonomies, a powerful knowledge management model that also provides for multilingual access and easy user preference tracking. For the end game, which is inherently an information presentation problem, a color-coding scheme is used.
Comparative morphology and phylogenetic placement of two microsclerotial black fungi from Sphagnum

Capnobotryella renispora and Scleroconidioma sphagnicola form black, irregularly shaped microsclerotia that are indistinguishable in gross morphology on leaves of Sphagnum fuscum. In culture, microsclerotia of these fungi were similar, in that mature component cells possessed thick, highly melanized cell walls, poorly defined organelles, large lipid bodies and simple septa. They were different in morphogenesis, in the way their component cells were organized and in disseminative propagules. Microsclerotia of S. sphagnicola formed phialidic conidiogenous cells on their surface, whereas in C. renispora, adjacent cells in mature microsclerotia often separated from each other by septum schizolysis and formed chlamydospores. The identification of C. renispora from Sphagnum is provisional despite a 100% ITS sequence match with data for a culture derived from the type strain. No holoblastic, reniform conidia typical of the species were formed in nature or in culture, and the SSU sequence for a separately preserved culture of the ex-type strain was markedly divergent. Parsimony analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences showed that these two fungi were related to separate orders of Dothideomycetes. Both SSU and ITS data supported a close relationship for S. sphagnicola to the Dothideales sensu stricto, while the closest ITS match was to Rhizosphaera spp. In the SSU analyses, C. renispora was nested within the Capnodiales.
Adaptive Robust Transmission Expansion Planning Using Linear Decision Rules

This paper presents a novel model for two-stage adaptive robust transmission expansion planning (AR-TEP) problem considering the uncertainty of future load demand and future wind power production. Linear decision rules (LDRs) are utilized to reformulate the AR-TEP model as a tractable mixed-integer linear programming problem, which can be directly solved by off-the-shelf optimization packages. The proposed LDR-based AR-TEP model is illustrated using the Garver 6-bus test system, the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system, and a 236-bus test system under different conditions and compared with a decomposition-based AR-TEP model that uses primal cutting planes. Also, the robustness of the expansion plans obtained from these two AR-TEP models is evaluated by carrying out an ex-post out-of-sample analysis for different values of the budget of uncertainty. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LDR-based AR-TEP model.
Propofol Fails to Attenuate the Cardiovascular Response to Rapid Increases in Desflurane Concentration

Background A rapid increase in desflurane concentration to greater than 1 MAC transiently increases heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and circulating catecholamine concentration. Because propofol decreases sympathetic outflow, it was hypothesized that propofol would blunt these responses. Methods To test this hypothesis, five healthy male volunteers were studied three times. After induction of anesthesia with 2 mg *symbol* kg sup ‐1 propofol, anesthesia was maintained with 4% end‐tidal desflurane in oxygen (0.55 MAC) via an endotracheal tube for 32 min. On separate occasions, in random order, either no propofol or 2 mg *symbol* kg sup ‐1 propofol was administered either 2 or 5 min before increasing end‐tidal desflurane concentration from 4% to 8%. Results Without propofol pretreatment, the increase to 8% desflurane transiently increased heart rate (from 63+/‐3 beats/min to 108 +/‐5 beats/min, mean+/‐SEM; P < 0.01), mean arterial pressure (from 73+/‐1 mmHg to 118+/‐6 mmHg; P < 0.01), and epinephrine concentration (from 14+/‐1 pg *symbol* ml sup ‐1 to 279+/‐51 pg *symbol* ml sup ‐1; P < 0.05). There was no significant change in norepinephrine concentration (from 198+/‐37 pg *symbol* ml sup ‐1 to 277+/‐46 pg *symbol* ml sup ‐1). The peak plasma epinephrine concentration was attenuated by each propofol pretreatment (158+/‐35 pg *symbol* ml sup ‐1, propofol given 2 min before, and 146 + 41 pg *symbol* ml sup ‐1, propofol given 5 min before; P < 0.05), but neither propofol pretreatment modified the cardiovascular or norepinephrine responses. Conclusions Although able to blunt the increase in epinephrine concentration, propofol 2 mg *symbol* kg sup ‐1 propofol does not attenuate the transient cardiovascular response to a rapid increase in desflurane concentration to greater than 1 MAC.
Protein Kinase C Regulates Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymes via Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling*

A possible regulatory mechanism of protein kinase C (PKC) in the chondrogenesis of chick limb bud mesenchymes has been investigated. Inhibition or down-regulation of PKC resulted in the activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase subtype Erk-1 and the inhibition of chondrogenesis. On the other hand, inhibition of Erk-1 with PD98059 enhanced chondrogenesis and relieved PKC-induced blockage of chondrogenesis. Erk-1 inhibition, however, did not affect expression and subcellular distribution of PKC isoforms expressed in mesenchymes nor cell proliferation. The results suggest that PKC regulates chondrogenesis by modulating Erk-1 activity. Inhibition or depletion of PKC inhibited proliferation of chondrogenic competent cells, and Erk-1 inhibition did not affect PKC modulation of cell proliferation. However, PKC-induced modulation of expression of cell adhesion molecules involved in precartilage condensation was reversed by the inhibition of Erk-1. Expression of N-cadherin was detected at the early period of chondrogenesis. Inhibition or depletion of PKC induced sustained expression of N-cadherin, and Erk-1 inhibition blocked the effects of PKC modulation. The expression of integrin α5β1 and fibronectin was found to be increased transiently during chondrogenesis. Depletion or inhibition of PKC caused a continuous increase of the expression of these molecules throughout the culture period, and Erk-1 inhibition abolished the modulating effects of PKC. Because reduction of the examined cell adhesion molecule expression is a prerequisite for the progression of chondrogenesis after cell condensation, our results indicate that PKC regulates chondrogenesis by modulating expression of these molecules via Erk-1 signaling.
Early psychosocial intervention for youth at risk for bipolar I or II disorder: a one-year treatment development trial.

OBJECTIVES Previous studies have identified behavioral phenotypes that predispose genetically vulnerable youth to a later onset of bipolar I or II disorder, but few studies have examined whether early psychosocial intervention can reduce risk of syndromal conversion. In a one-year open trial, we tested a version of family-focused treatment adapted for youth at high risk for bipolar disorder (FFT-HR). METHODS A referred sample of 13 children (mean 13.4±2.69 years; 4 boys, 9 girls) who had a parent with bipolar I or II disorder participated at one of two outpatient specialty clinics. Youth met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (n=8), cyclothymic disorder (n=1), or bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (n=4), with active mood symptoms in the past month. Participants were offered FFT-HR (12 sessions in four months) with their parents, plus psychotropic medications as needed. Independent evaluators assessed depressive symptoms, hypomanic symptoms, and global functioning at baseline and then every four months for one year, with retrospective severity and impairment ratings made for each week of the follow-up interval. RESULTS Families were mostly adherent to the treatment protocol (85% retention), and therapists administered the FFT-HR manual with high levels of fidelity. Youth showed significant improvements in depression, hypomania, and psychosocial functioning scores on the Adolescent Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation. They also showed significant improvements in Young Mania Rating Scale and Children's Depression Rating Scale scores. CONCLUSIONS FFT-HR is a promising intervention for youth at high risk for BD. Larger-scale randomized trials that follow youth into young adulthood will be necessary to determine whether early psychosocial intervention can reduce the probability of developing bipolar I or II disorder among genetically vulnerable youth.
Anatomic and Radiologic Appearance of Several Variants of the Craniocervical Junction

Four typical manifestations of the occipital vertebra are described from both an anatomic and a radiologic point of view; the basilar process, the condylus tertius, the paracondylar process, and the isolated prebasioccipital arch. The clinical importance of the described variants is discussed.
Arteriography in the Delayed Evaluation of Wartime Extremity Injuries

Recent combat casualties have stimulated a reassessment of the principles of management of high-risk extremity injuries with a normal vascular examination. Rapid evacuations have presented numerous U.S. soldiers to our service for evaluation in the early postinjury period. The objective of this single-institution report is to analyze the application of liberal arteriography in the delayed evaluation of modern wartime extremity injuries. Data from consecutive wartime evacuees evaluated for extremity injuries between March 2002 and November 2004 were prospectively entered into a database and retrospectively reviewed. Analysis was focused on arteriography and its role in our current diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Information including injury sites and mechanisms, associated trauma, battlefield repairs performed, arteriography technique, complications, findings, and need for further intervention were reviewed. Indications for imaging in this high-risk group included proximity to vascular structures, abnormal or equivocal physical examination, adjunctive operative planning, and evaluation of battlefield repair. Ninety-nine of 179 patients (55%) with extremity injuries underwent arteriography, with 142 total limbs studied. The majority of them were wounded by explosive devices (82%) or high-velocity rifle munitions (14%). Abnormalities were found in 75 of 142 (52.8%) imaged limbs in 46 of the 99 (46.5%) patients. Twenty-four of these patients (52.2%) required additional operative intervention. Occult vascular injury findings were associated with bony fracture in 68% and nerve injury in 16%. Median delay between injury and stateside evaluation was 6 days. Two thirds of these soldiers presented with a normal physical examination result. There were no access site complications or incidents of contrast-induced acute renal failure. The liberal application of arteriography is a low-risk method to provide high-yield data in the delayed vascular evaluation of extremities injured from modern military munitions. Physical examination findings remain the most useful indicator, but a normal examination can be misleading and should not guide the decision for invasive imaging. Lesions are found and require further intervention at a higher rate than expected from the typical civilian trauma experience.
Activation of NF‐κB by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is associated with microcolony formation and type IV pilus retraction

The early stage of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo), the causative agent of gonorrhoea, is marked by type IV pilus (Tfp)‐mediated attachment and the formation of bacterial microcolonies on epithelial cells. Retraction of the Ngo Tfp generates substantial force on its substrate which can elicit host cell signalling. Here, we observed that this retraction force could also activate nuclear factor (NF)‐κB, the central signalling cascade of innate immunity. Using a p65‐GFP‐expressing epithelial cell line, we show that piliated Ngo induce asynchronous NF‐κB activation in infected cells, which is temporally associated with the formation of gonococcal microcolonies. A mutant lacking PilT, an ATPase necessary for Tfp retraction, induced markedly reduced NF‐κB activation. This was accompanied by decreased NF‐κB target gene transcription and cytokine release. The impaired ability of the pilT mutant to activate NF‐κB was compensated by applying mechanical shear stress to the infected host cells, indicating that the mechanical forces generated by retractile pili are involved in the retraction‐dependent activation of NF‐κB elicited by gonococcal microcolonies. Thus, our work provides evidence for an intriguing relationship between microcolony growth, pilus retraction and host cell signalling, with likely implications with regard to the course of symptomatic versus asymptomatic gonococcal infections.
Thermal conductivity calculation of nano-suspensions using Green–Kubo relations with reduced artificial correlations

The presence of artificial correlations associated with Green–Kubo (GK) thermal conductivity calculations is investigated. The thermal conductivity of nano-suspensions is calculated by equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations using GK relations. Calculations are first performed for a single alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticle dispersed in a water medium. For a particle size of 1 nm and volume fraction of 9%, results show enhancements as high as 235%, which is much higher than the Maxwell model predictions. When calculations are done with multiple suspended particles, no such anomalous enhancement is observed. This is because the vibrations in alumina crystal can act as low frequency perturbations, which can travel long distances through the surrounding water medium, characterized by higher vibration frequencies. As a result of the periodic boundaries, they re-enter the system resulting in a circular resonance of thermal fluctuations between the alumina particle and its own image, eventually leading to artificial correlations in the heat current autocorrelation function (HCACF), which when integrated yields abnormally high thermal conductivities. Adding more particles presents ‘obstacles’ with which the fluctuations interact and get dissipated, before they get fed back to the periodic image. A systematic study of the temporal evolution of HCACF indicates that the magnitude and oscillations of artificial correlations decrease substantially with increase in the number of suspended nanoparticles.
Kikuchi‐fujimoto disease in fine‐needle aspiration smears: A clinico‐cytologic study of 76 cases of KFD and 684 cases of reactive hyperplasia of the lymph node

Kikuchi‐Fujimoto disease (KFD) is cytologically characterized by a polymorphous lymphoid cell population, abundant karyorrhectic debris and histiocytes, many of which are crescentic (Kikuchi histiocytes). As per reviewed literature, KFD may be confused with tuberculosis, lymphoma, and reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes (RHLN). Since RHLN was found to be a major challenging factor during routine cytodiagnosis of KFD in our material, we tried to find out the differentiating clinico‐cytologic features between 76 KFD and 684 RHLN cases seen in Kuwait. 63.2% of KFD were in 3rd and 4th decades of life as compared to 40.2% of RHLN (P = 0.0002). Male to female ratio was 1: 2.45 for KFD and 1:1.09 for RHLN (P = 0.0022). Kuwaiti:non‐Kuwaiti ratio was 1:2.04 for KFD and 1.31:1 for RHLN (P < 0.0001). Capillary networks was present in 71.1% of KFD smears and 52.6% of RHLN (P = 0.0023). Tingible body macrophages and dendritic reticulum cells were detected in 17.1% and 22.4%, respectively, in KFD as opposed to 50.1% and 58.8%, respectively, in RHLN (P < 0.0001). Kikuchi histiocyte count ranged from 2 to 36% in KFD and was ≥10% in 31 (40.8%). Rare Kikuchi histiocytes were detected in 16 (2.3%) of RHLN cases but in none of them the count exceeded 1%, whereas their count was >1% in all KFD cases (P < 0.0001). Thus, KFD cases differed significantly from RHLN in respect of age and sex distribution, Kuwaiti:non‐Kuwaiti ratio, and cytomorphologic features such as capillary networks, Kikuchi histiocyte count, dendritic reticulum cells, and tingible body macrophages. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:288–295. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of mean platelet volume on the occurrence and severity of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine: (1) whether mean platelet volume was elevated in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, compared with healthy controls; and (2) whether mean platelet volume level was related to hearing loss severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 31 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and 31 age- and sex-matched, healthy controls. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken from subjects and mean platelet volume and levels of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride were measured. RESULTS Mean platelet volume was significantly greater in the sudden sensorineural hearing loss group compared with the control group. However, there was no significant correlation between mean platelet volume level and hearing loss severity. CONCLUSION Mean platelet volume, a determinant of platelet activation, is elevated in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating mean platelet volume levels in such patients. Our findings indirectly support the hypothesis of vascular impairment as a pathogenetic factor in sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Do Women Prefer Care From Female or Male Obstetrician-Gynecologists? A Study of Patient Gender Preference

Abstract Objective: To determine whether men should be encouraged to enter the medical specialty of obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: A self-administered survey was designed for and distributed to patients (N=264) in 13 obstetrics and gynecology waiting rooms in Connecticut. The survey was used to determine whether there were any patient preferences with regard to the gender of physicians providing obstetric and gynecologic care within this population. In addition, the rationale for any preferences was analyzed. Results: The majority of patients (66.6%) had no gender bias when selecting an obstetrician-gynecologist, and an even larger majority (198, 80.8%) felt that physician gender does not influence quality of care. There was no statistical difference in patient satisfaction based on physician sex. Respondents self-reporting gender bias rarely selected obstetrician-gynecologists based solely on this factor and frequently choose physicians of the sex that was not their indicated preference, suggesting that several factors other than gender preference are more important in physician selection. Conclusions: The majority of women surveyed did not select their obstetrician-gynecologists based solely on physician gender. Although a small percentage of survey respondents did indicate a gender preference, it rarely influenced physician selection and was only a minor consideration when compared with other desirable physician attributes.