Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The constitutive activity of the adhesion GPCR GPR114/ADGRG5 is mediated by its tethered agonist

Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) form the second largest, yet most enigmatic class of the GPCR super‐family. Although the physiologic importance of aGPCRs was demonstrated in several studies, the majority of these receptors is still orphan with respect to their agonists and signal transduction. Recent studies reported that aGPCRs are activated through a tethered peptide agonist, coined the Stachel sequence. The Stachel sequence is the most C‐terminal part of the highly conserved GPCR autoproteolysis‐inducing domain. Here, we used cell culture‐based assays to investigate 2 natural splice variants within the Stachel sequence of the orphan Gs coupling aGPCR GPR114/ADGRG5. There is 1 variant constitutively active in cAMP assays (~ 25‐fold over empty vector) and sensitive to mechano‐activation. The other variant has low basal activity in cAMP assays (6‐fold over empty vector) and is insensitive to mechano‐activation. In‐depth mutagenesis studies of these functional differences revealed that the N‐terminal half of the Stachel sequence confers the agonistic activity, whereas the C‐terminal part orientates the agonistic core sequence to the transmembrane domain. Sequence comparison and functional testing suggest that the proposed mechanism of Stachel‐mediated activation is relevant not only to GPR114 but to aGPCRs in general. —Wilde, C. , Fischer, L. , Lede, V. , Kirchberger, J., Rothemund, S. , Schöneberg, T. , Liebscher, I. The constitutive activity of the adhesion GPCR GPR114/ADGRG5 is mediated by its tethered agonist. FASEB J. 30, 666‐673 (2016). www.fasebj. org
The Effect of Formal and Informal Contracting Mechanisms on Implementation Performance in the U.S. Federalist System

Abstract The relationship between contract management capacity and implementation success in local government contracting is well established. However, less is known about how specific contract mechanisms are linked to this success. This study uses implementation of the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program to examine the use of formal and informal contract management techniques in the implementation of energy projects. The use of formal contract mechanisms, such as full and open competitive bidding, contact rescission and outcome-based performance measures, exhibits a statistically significant effect on implementation performance. The findings advance contracting theory and have practical implications for local government contracting and implementation success in fiscal federalism.
[Highly restricted detachment surgery without puncture: long-term results on the topic of postoperative "residual detachment" and late re-detachment].

BACKGROUND Detachment surgery without drainage, a surgery limited to area of break, implies minimization of procedure and complications. In a 1st study (1970-1977) 1,000 consecutive detachments were treated with favorable results (primary reattachment in 83%, after reoperation in 91%, follow-up 4 months-7 1/2 years). A prospective 2nd study (8/1979-1/1980) followed to answer the questions: (1) Differential diagnosis between postoperative "residual detachments" and surgical failure. (2) Is rate of "late" redetachment after minimal segmental buckling greater than after cerclage? PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective study of 107 detachments operated 8/1979-1/1980 with follow-up of 11-11 1/2 years. Detachments: 21 eyes with aphakia, 1 with pseudophakia, 16 with PVR stage C1/C2. TREATMENT cryopexy and segmental buckling or balloon in area of break without drainage, no vitrectomy, no cerclage. Orientation of buckles: 76 radials, 20 circumferentials, 11 radials with circumferentials. RESULTS After 1 operation retina was reattached in 99 eyes (92.6%), after reoperation of primary failure (confined to original or to previously undetected break) the retina reattached in 104 eyes (97%). Types of postoperative "residual detachments" after non-drainage: (1) convex residual detachment (delayed absorption) or (2) concave residual detachment (traction), both of them with no hole (to observe) and (3) convex residual rhegmatogenous detachment (to reoperate). Longterm results (follow-up 11 years) of 104 reattached retinas: "early" redetachment (2-4 months postoperatively) in 6 eyes or 5.6% because of PVR and "late" redetachment (3 to 7 years postoperatively) in 7 eyes or 6.5% because of new breaks. After reoperation reattachment in 99 eyes (92.6%); only 1 of 107 eyes had 2 reoperations. Reasons for final failure: PVR (3.7%), no hole found (2.8%), massive choroidals (0.9%). CONCLUSION After detachment surgery without drainage there can be: (1) convex or (2) concave "residual" detachment and (3) rhegmatogenous residual detachment with new contour (reoperation needed). Favorable longterm results after minimal surgery (6.5% "late" redetachment during 11 years postoperatively) and use of minimal surgery as reoperation (50% a balloon) for reattaching the retina do not support the necessity of a prophylactic cerclage as primary operation, even not as reoperation per se. A simple alternative to a surgical prophylaxis represents a so-called "passive" prophylaxis consisting in explaining the visual field to the patient and asking him to test it regularly.
An RBF Network With OLS and EPSO Algorithms for Real-Time Power Dispatch

This paper proposes a novel technique that combines orthogonal least-squares (OLS) and enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) algorithms to construct the radial basis function (RBF) network for real-time power dispatch (RTPD). The goals considered are fuel cost, power wheeling cost, and NOx/CO2 emissions. The RBF network is composed of three-layer structures, which contain the input, hidden, and output layer. To simplify the network, the OLS algorithm is used first to determine the number of centers in the hidden layer. With an appropriate network structure, the EPSO algorithm is then used to tune the parameters in the network, including the dilation and translation of RBF centers and the weights between the hidden and output layer. The proposed approach has been tested on the IEEE 30-bus six-generator and practical Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) systems. Testing results indicate that the proposed approach can make a quick response and yield accurate RTPD solutions as soon as the inputs are given. Comparisons of learning performance are made to the existing artificial neural network (ANN), conventional RBF network, and basic particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods
Health Capacity to Work at Older Ages in Denmark

Longevity is increasing and many people are spending a greater proportion of their lives reliant on pensions to support consumption. In response to this, several countries have mandated delays to age of first entitlement to pension benefits in order to reduce incentives to retire early. However, it is unknown to what extent older individuals have the health capacity to sustain the longer working lives that delayed pension benefits may encourage. We estimate the health capacity to work longer in Denmark by comparing how much older individuals work today with how much those with similar mortality rates worked in the past, and how much younger individuals today with similar self-assessed health work. We find substantial health capacity for longer working lives among those currently aged 55 and above. We also find significant heterogeneity by education and gender. Those with a high school degree have the greatest additional work capacity, women have more additional capacity than men, especially women with a college degree.
Potential differences between engagement and risk review partners and their effect on client acceptance judgments

Mixed messages regarding the need for firms to grow their audit client base, yet avoid overly risky opportunities, may result in a variety of different interpretations by partners involved in the client acceptance process. This field survey contributes to the scant literature regarding client acceptance judgments by examining differences between two partner groups in (1) the relative level of conservatism in their client acceptance judgments, (2) certain factors which are suspected to influence client acceptance judgments, and (3) the extent to which these same factors influence client acceptance judgments. Thus, we hope to provide preliminary answers to two questions: do risk review partners make more conservative client acceptance judgments than engagement partners, and if so, why do they make more conservative judgments? Results from 216 Big 6 audit partners suggest that risk review partners do indeed make more conservative client acceptance judgments than engagement partners. In explaining this judgmental difference, we note that risk review partners made more conservative assessments of client financial condition and had a higher level of general public accounting experience than their engagement partner peers. Both of these variables had strong effects on client acceptance judgments for both partner groups in a direction that suggests added conservatism for risk review partners. In addition, risk review partners? perceptions regarding the consequences of accepting overly risky clients were more severe than those of the engagement partner group, and this variable had a stronger effect on client acceptance judgments for the risk review partner group than for the engagement partner group. Assessments of management integrity were also found to significantly affect client acceptance judgments, but neither the assessments themselves nor the impact of the assessments on client acceptance judgments varied across the two partner groups.
Proceedings: An increased reactivity in hypertensive animals after prolonged antihypertensive therapy.

petroleum ether (b.p. 60-800 C) and after filtering, this mixture was forced (20 ml/min) through a small column (0.3-1 g) of silicic acid (Unisil: Clarkson) and the eluate discarded. The endoperoxide is completely eluted in 1-4 ml of cold (-200 C) anhydrous diethyl ether, which may (after rapid evaporation of the solvent) be biologically tested, (or after reduction in volume) be subjected to t.l. c. The endoperoxide can be rapidly isolated by t.l. c. on microscope slides coated with a slurry of silica gel G (Merck), and developed for -5 min (20 C) in a solvent system (LI) of analytical grades of toluene: dioxane (1: 1). Another suitable solvent system (L2) consists of anhydrous diethyl ether: petroleum ether : methanol (80: 20: 3.5). Precoated plates (silica gel F254: Merck) can be used and they are developed for -40 min at -200 C. After sectioning the plates, position of the endoperoxide may be detected by rapidly spraying with a commercially available spray reagent (Nu Peroxy Spra: Supelco). Alternatively radioactivity from C arachidonate substrate (Applied Sciences) may be detected or the plates sprayed with phosphomolybdic acid (Gr6en & Samuelsson, 1964). For biological tests, the endoperoxide must be eluted immediately (without drying) into 1-10 ml of diethyl ether: methanol (9: 1). Etherial eluate from the rapid column procedure or t.l. c. can be stored for several days below -60 C without significant loss in biological activity. For testing biological activity attributable to the endoperoxide, the solvent is evaporated down rapidly under a stream of nitrogen, using latent heat of evaporation to cool the tube. The dried material is then immediately dissolved in 0.05-1 ml of Tyrode's solution (for testing on isolated organs) or in citrated platelet-rich plasma (1 ml) for testing its effects on platelet aggregation.
TimeTeller: a New Tool for Precision Circadian Medicine and Cancer Prognosis

Recent studies have established that the circadian clock influences onset, progression and therapeutic outcomes in a number of diseases including cancer and heart disease. Therefore, there is a need for tools to measure the functional state of the circadian clock and its downstream targets in patients. We provide such a tool and demonstrate its clinical relevance by an application to breast cancer where we find a strong link between survival and our measure of clock dysfunction. We use a machine-learning approach and construct an algorithm called TimeTeller which uses the multi-dimensional state of the genes in a transcriptomics analysis of a single biological sample to assess the level of circadian clock dysfunction. We demonstrate how this can distinguish healthy from malignant tissues and demonstrate that the molecular clock dysfunction metric is a potentially new prognostic and predictive breast cancer biomarker that is independent of the main established prognostic factors.
Agriculture, Rural Employment, and Inclusive Growth

This paper argues that the development of the rural economy is a key factor for achieving inclusive growth, one that creates jobs, draws the majority into the economic and social mainstream, and continuously reduces mass poverty. Employment conditions in Philippine rural labor markets and agriculture can be characterized as casual or informal, with low skill requirements, with low productivity and returns, and a greater concentration of poverty. This is consistent with a prominent strand of development literature that posits a traditional sector, mostly located in rural areas, and highly dependent on agricultural livelihood. Development involves the change in economic structure, anchored on productivity growth in agriculture, involving a movement of labor from the traditional sector, as well as accelerated capital formation in industry and services. Evidence, both international and for the Philippines, is favorable to the structural transformation perspective. For the Philippines, in particular, the evidence points to the following: agricultural growth causes nonagricultural growth, is tightly linked to downstream manufacturing, and contributes significantly toward reducing poverty. Agricultural growth has a differential impact on employment of the unskilled labor, indirectly reducing economywide labor cost by keeping food affordable. Lastly, agricultural productivity growth can have long-term dynamic effects by enabling farm households to invest in human capital, leading to intergenerational diversification of income sources. The evidence suggests that the agricultural and rural economy should be at the forefront, rather than periphery, of the country`s strategy for quality employment generation; such a strategy completing an unfinished reform agenda for sustained development of the rural economy. This involves swift completion of the land reform program. Post-2014, the state should focus on developing a flexible and responsive market for land rights. Liberalization initiatives should be pursued in the area of market policy and logistics. Government should rationalize its role as market regulator. Support for agricultural production should be oriented toward enhancing agricultural productivity and comparative advantage based largely on the effective delivery of public goods and associated services such as R&D, irrigation, and other infrastructure. Agricultural development transcends productivity enhancement at the level of primary production, encompassing the agribusiness value chain and based on comparative advantage.
Monitoring single-cell bioenergetics via the coarsening of emulsion droplets

Microorganisms are widely used to generate valuable products, and their efficiency is a major industrial focus. Bioreactors are typically composed of billions of cells, and available measurements only reflect the overall performance of the population. However, cells do not equally contribute, and process optimization would therefore benefit from monitoring this intrapopulation diversity. Such monitoring has so far remained difficult because of the inability to probe concentration changes at the single-cell level. Here, we unlock this limitation by taking advantage of the osmotically driven water flux between a droplet containing a living cell toward surrounding empty droplets, within a concentrated inverse emulsion. With proper formulation, excreted products are far more soluble within the continuous hydrophobic phase compared to initial nutrients (carbohydrates and salts). Fast diffusion of products induces an osmotic mismatch, which further relaxes due to slower diffusion of water through hydrophobic interfaces. By measuring droplet volume variations, we can deduce the metabolic activity down to isolated single cells. As a proof of concept, we present the first direct measurement of the maintenance energy of individual yeast cells. This method does not require any added probes and can in principle apply to any osmotically sensitive bioactivity, opening new routes for screening, and sorting large libraries of microorganisms and biomolecules.
Gender in the Workplace

That women have entered the work force in large numbers is a well-known economic development, but many questions remain about the effects of this dramatic shift. Have women been truly integrated into the labor market? How have they fared in the competition for fair wages and professional jobs? What has happened to the American family and its standard of living?
Does Earnings Management Relieve the Negative Effects of Mandatory Pension Contributions?

Mandatory pension contributions (MCs) are negative shocks to a firm's liquidity that can unfavorably impact its cost of capital, financing, and investment plans. We study whether firms faced with MCs use both non-cash (NEM) and cash generating earnings management (CEM) to partly offset their negative effects. Firms increase CEM, but not NEM when they experience MCs. We also find that earnings management associated with MCs does not substantially lower the weighted cost of capital, or boost external funding and investment. Our findings suggest that MC firms use CEM because it directly generates cash to fund MCs, whereas NEM does not.
Concussion in Professional Football: Repeat Injuries—Part 4

OBJECTIVE:A 6-year study was conducted to determine the signs, symptoms, and management of repeat concussion in National Football League players. METHODS:From 1996 to 2001, concussions were reported by 30 National Football League teams using a standardized reporting form filled out by team physicians with input from athletic trainers. Signs and symptoms were grouped by general symptoms, somatic complaints, cranial nerve effects, cognition problems, memory problems, and unconsciousness. Medical actions taken and management were recorded. RESULTS:Data were captured for 887 concussions in practices and games involving 650 players. A total of 160 players experienced repeat injury, with 51 having three or more concussions during the study period. The median time between injuries was 374.5 days, with only six concussions occurring within 2 weeks of the initial injury. Repeat concussions were more prevalent in the secondary (16.9%), the kick unit on special teams (16.3%), and wide receivers (12.5%). The ball return carrier on special teams (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08, P = not significant) and quarterbacks (OR = 1.92, P < 0.1) had elevated odds for repeat injury, followed by the tight end (OR = 1.24, P = not significant) and linebackers (OR = 1.22, P = not significant). There were similar signs and symptoms with single and repeat concussion, except for a higher prevalence of somatic complaints in players on their repeat concussions compared with their first concussion (27.5% versus 18.8%, P < 0.05). More than 90% of players were managed by rest, and 57.5% of those with second injuries returned to play within a day. Players with three or more concussions had signs, symptoms, and treatment similar to those with only a single injury. CONCLUSION:The most vulnerable players for repeat concussion in professional football are the ball return carrier on special teams and quarterbacks. Single and repeat concussions are managed conservatively with rest, and most players return quickly to play.
Malignancy and Specific Allergen Immunotherapy: The Results of a Case Series

Background: Specific immunotherapy with allergen is the only causative treatment for IgE-mediated allergies such as stinging insect allergy or hay fever and works by the induction of blocking antibodies and regulatory T lymphocytes. Objective: Does a hypothetical obstruction of tumor surveillance presupposing the induction of regulatory T cells really justify detaining immunotherapy to oncologic patients as suggested by recent guidelines? Methods: We report 6 patients (4 female, 2 male) suffering or having suffered from stage 1 cancer (4 melanomas, 1 lung cancer, 1 breast cancer) and concomitant IgE-mediated allergy. Four of them had a history of severe anaphylactic reactions to the insect yellow jacket, the 5th suffered from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to dust mites, and the 6th to grass/rye pollen. Results: Between 2004 and 2010, subcutaneous immunotherapy was safely performed in 5 patients without signs of tumor reactivation. The cancer in 2 of them was diagnosed immediately after specific immunotherapy had been initiated and in another 2 the active cancer phase had already finished years before; the 5th suffered from a relapse around the time of the initiation of immunotherapy. At the time of the writing of the manuscript, 4 of them had already concluded 3 years of treatment, another one almost 1 year. The melanoma in the 6th patient was diagnosed 5 months after reaching the maintenance dose. Immunotherapy with grass/rye pollen was aborted in this patient based on current guidelines. Conclusions: Specific immunotherapy was safely administered in patients suffering concomitantly from IgE-mediated allergy and lower stage cancer.
Emerging Issues in the Utilization of Weblogs in Higher Education Classrooms

This paper examines the emerging issues in the utilization of weblogs in Philippine higher education and how these issues affect the performance of students. This study used a modified Delphi method. The Delphi panel consisted of 12 experts in the integration of technology, particularly blogs, in their teaching. The study yielded the following issues: (a) limited time and access to computer and Internet; (b) tedious preparation, maintenance and management of blogs; (c) technological difficulties of students; (d) low level of interaction among students; (e) digression in comments posted; and (f) not used to online teaching. These issues may curb the optimized benefit of weblogs as a teaching-learning tool. The results of this study also highly recommend the use of standardized assessment tools for richer academic contributions of weblog activities. The study presents enlightening insights on the place and function of blogging in the academe. Learning is eclectic. It is not confined inside the four walls of the classroom. In our contemporary time, there are other unconventional learning platforms that teachers may explore and utilize to make learning meaningful for students. Tong and Trinidad (2005) observed that in the innovative classrooms, technology facilitated the interactions and connectedness between the students and the worldwide community.