Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Haskell Array Codes with Algorithmic Skeletons on GPUs

GPUs have been gaining popularity as general purpose parallel processors that deliver a performance to cost ratio superior to that of CPUs. However, programming on GPUs has remained a specialised area, as it often requires significant knowledge about the GPU architecture and platform-specific parallelisation of the algorithms that are implemented. Furthermore, the dominant programming models on GPUs limit functional decomposition of programs, as they require programmers to write separate functions to run on GPUs. I present and quantitatively evaluate a GPU programming system that provides a high-level abstraction to facilitate the use of GPUs for general purpose array processing. The presented programming system liberates programmers of low-level details and enables functional decomposition of programs, whilst providing the facilities to sufficiently exploit the parallel processing capability of GPUs. Fundamentally, the presented programming system allows programmers to focus on what to program on GPUs instead of how to program GPUs. The approach is based on algorithmic skeletons mapped to higher-order functions, which are commonly available in functional programming languages. The presented programming system (1) encapsulates the low-level control of GPUs and the GPU-specific parallelisation of the higher-order functions in algorithmic skeletons, (2) employs an embedded domain specific language as the interface that treats the parallel operations as expressions with parallel semantics, allowing functional decomposition of programs, and (3) manages the compilation of the embedded domain specific language into algorithmic skeleton instances and the execution of the algorithmic skeleton instances online. Programmers only need to write the operations to be executed on GPUs as expressions in the embedded domain specific language, and the presented programming system takes care of the rest. Although the concrete implementation presented in the thesis involves an embedded domain specific language in Haskell, Accelerate, and a specific GPU platform, CUDA, the approach in this thesis can be applied to other similar configurations with appropriate adjustments.
The prevalence of psychiatric disorder among female new referrals to a migraine clinic

SYNOPSIS In a consecutive series of 46 female new referrals to a migraine clinic, 17 patients (37%)complained of increased irritability and/or depression in association with more than 50% of their migraine attacks. This was not related to the attack frequency or duration. Sixteen patients (33 %) met DSM-III criteria for a current diagnosis of an affective syndrome and when present this was significantly associated with these complaints.
Application of the Jones' Psychotherapy Process Q-Sort

Recent research in psychotherapy was focalised on the efficiency of interventions and on the change process. Throughout the years, numerous techniques were used to accomplish this study. The Jones’ (1985) Psychotherapy Process Q-sort (PQS) was used to describe the therapeutic processes, to evaluate the relationship between processes and result and to analyse the nature of the change processes over time. With the application of this instrument, the present research has confronted three types of psychotherapeutic approaches: the systemic-relational therapy (SRT), the cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and the brief strategic therapy (BST). Through the use of this instrument it was possible to identify differences and similarities between the three approaches.
Cortical dopamine D2 receptors in type 1 and 2 alcoholics measured with human whole hemisphere autoradiography

Alcoholism has been associated with lower density of striatal dopamine (DA) D2 receptors, but there is much less data on cortical DA D2 receptors. We evaluated the [125I]epidepride binding to DA D2 receptors in Cloninger type 1 and 2 alcoholics and controls in frontal, temporal, and anterior cingulate cortices by using human postmortem whole hemispheric autoradiography, which provides high‐resolution images corresponding to positron emission tomographic (PET) studies. Type 1 alcoholics had lower and type 2 alcoholics had higher DA D2 receptor density in all cortical areas compared to controls. Although the results did not reach statistical significance, the effect sizes were high. The DA D2 receptor density in type 2 alcoholics decreased statistically significantly with age, and after correcting for age the binding values also fell below the level of controls. A statistically non‐significant tendency towards a decrease of cortical DA D2 receptors was seen in controls, whereas in the type 1 alcoholic group no consistent correlation or even tendency towards increase with age was observed. Our results give preliminary evidence that DA D2 receptors in cortical areas may be lower among both groups of alcoholics, but not necessarily of same magnitude as in subcortical structures. The rapid decline of cortical DA D2 receptors among type 2 alcoholics may have some relevance to their antisociality, because this trait tends to diminish with age. The absence of correlation or even tendency towards increase of cortical DA D2 receptors with age seen in type 1 alcoholics may give further evidence that they have a pre‐existing dopaminergic deficit. However, these results especially regarding aging effect must be considered as preliminary due to the different age‐range of type 2 alcoholics compared to two other groups. Synapse 54:129–137, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of a native low‐conductance NMDA channel with reduced sensitivity to Mg2+ in rat central neurones.

1. We have identified a new type of NMDA channel in rat central neurones that express mRNA for the NR2D subunit. We have examined single NMDA channels in cerebellar Purkinje cells (which possess NR1 and 2D), deep cerebellar nuclei (NR1, 2A, 2B and 2D) and spinal cord dorsal horn neurones (NR1, 2B and 2D). 2. In Purkinje cells, NMDA opened channels with a main conductance of 37.9 +/‐ 1.1 pS and a subconductance of 17.8 +/‐ 0.7 pS, with frequent transitions between the two levels. 3. NMDA activated low‐conductance (‘38/18 pS’) events (along with high‐conductance‐‐'50/40 pS'‐‐openings) in some patches from deep cerebellar nuclei and dorsal horn neurones. Our evidence suggests that 38/18 pS and 50/40 pS events arose from distinct types of NMDA receptors. 4. The transitions for 38/18 pS events were asymmetrical: steps from 38 to 18 pS were more frequent (72.2%) than steps from 18 to 38 pS. This feature appeared common to the 38/18 pS events in all three cell types, suggesting similarity in the low‐conductance channels. 5. The 38/18 pS channels in Purkinje cells exhibited characteristic NMDA receptor properties, including requirement for glycine, antagonism by D‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (D‐AP5) and 7‐chlorokynurenic acid, and voltage‐dependent block by extracellular Mg2+. 6. The mean open time for the 38 pS state (0.74 +/‐ 0.07 ms) was significantly briefer than that for the 18 pS state (1.27 +/‐ 0.18 ms). 7. Mg2+ block of low‐conductance NMDA channels in Purkinje cells was less marked than block of 50/40 pS channels in cerebellar granule cells. 8. The time course of appearance of 38/18 pS NMDA channels matched the expression of mRNA for the NR2D subunit. Thus 38/18 pS events were present in > 70% of Purkinje cell patches in 0‐ to 8‐day‐old animals, and absent by postnatal day 12. 9. We propose that the 38/18 pS NMDA channels identified here (associated with the NR2D subunit), and the other low‐conductance NMDA channel associated with the NR2C subunit, may together constitute a functionally distinct subclass of native NMDA receptors.
Diabetes mellitus exacerbates advanced glycation end product accumulation in the veins of end-stage renal failure patients

The excess accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contributes to the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and renal failure. Biopsy specimens (n = 184) of arterial (n = 92) and venous (n = 92) tissues were obtained (radial artery and cephalic vein) from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with or without DM and normal healthy subjects (n = 12) requiring surgery (trauma patients). Immunohistochemical assessment of the blood vessels revealed the presence of pentosidine (AGE marker) in both veins and arteries in 72% of the ESRD patients. The percentage of arteries and veins that showed positive pentosidine staining in ESRD patients with type 2 DM alone was 100% and 92% respectively, in the non-diabetic ESRD patients it was <70% (for arteries and veins), and in the ESRD patients with hypertension as an additional co-morbidity to type 2 DM it was 70% and 82%, respectively. The veins of ESRD patients with DM showed a strong (+++) positive staining and very strong (++++) positive staining was observed in the patients with DM and hypertension. Only mild (+) or moderate (++) pentosidine staining intensity was observed in the arteries of ESRD patients without or with comorbidities, respectively. The accumulation of AGE in the vein rather than the artery may be a better reflection of the extent of complications of ESRD.
Mean platelet volume in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is frequently encountered in the general population. Since it is generally asymptomatic, these patients are mostly identified through routine screening or evaluation of non-specific symptoms. It has been suggested as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, mean platelet volume (MPV), which is a determinant of platelet function, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate MPV values in subclinical hypothyroidic patients when they were subclinical hypothyroidic and became euthyroidic after 12 weeks of levothyroxine replacement therapy. Sixty patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 78 euthyroid healthy subjects matched for age, gender and body mass index were enrolled in the study. None of the study subject had diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia. All the study subjects were evaluated by biochemical and platelet parameters. Subclinical hypothyroidic patients were then reevaluated with the same parameters when they became euthyroid after 12 weeks of levothyroxine treatment. Platelet counts and metabolic parameters, except serum triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels, were similar between the two groups. Serum triglyceride and MPV values were significantly higher (pTG = 0.007 and pMPV < 0.001) while HDLC levels were lower (pHDLC = 0.008) in the subclinical hypothyroidic group. MPV was found to be correlated with only antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody levels (P < 0.001). MPV values were decreased after subclinical hypothyroidic patients became eythyroid. However, post-treatment MPV values were still higher (p = 0.035) in the patient group than in control group. These results suggest that subjects with SCH are susceptible to increased platelet activation and increased MPV values which contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular complications.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of single-visit and multi-visit endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical pathology: An in vivo study

Objectives: To compare and evaluate the clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of periapical healing after endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical pathology when completed in one-visit or two-visits with ApexCal paste at 3, 6, and 12 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 57 patients requiring root canal treatment on 64 single rooted teeth with periapical pathology preoperatively were included. The teeth were assigned randomly into two groups and treated according to standardized protocol. The teeth in group I (n = 34) were obturated at the first visit, while those in group II (n = 30) were medicated with ApexCal paste, and obturated in a second visit 7 days later. Patients were recalled at intervals of 3, 6, and 12 months to evaluate the treated teeth both clinically and radiographically for periapical healing. Results: Mann — Whitney U test showed no difference between groups I and II. Wilcoxon signed rank test showed significant decrease in mean periapical index (PAI) scores within both groups during 12 months evaluation. The level of significance used was P < 0.05. Conclusions: Both groups exhibited equally favorable healing at 12 months, with no statistically significant differences between groups I and II.
Radio-optical scrutiny of compact AGN: Correlations between properties of pc-scale jets and optical nuclear emission

We study the correlations between the Very Long Baseline Array radio emission at 15 GHz, extended emission at 151 MHz, and optical nuclear emission at 5100 AA for a complete sample of 135 compact jets. We use the partial Kendall's tau correlation analysis to check the link between radio properties of parsec-scale jets and optical luminosities of host AGN. We find a significant positive correlation for 99 quasars between optical nuclear luminosities and total radio (VLBA) luminosities of unresolved cores at 15 GHz originated at milliarcseconds scales. For 18 BL Lacs, the optical continuum emission correlates with the radio emission of the jet at 15 GHz. We suggest that the radio and optical emission are beamed and originate in the innermost part of the sub--parsec-scale jet in quasars. Analysis of the relation between the apparent speed of the jet and the optical nuclear luminosity at 5100 AA supports the relativistic beaming model for the optical emission generated in the jet, and allows the peak values of the intrinsic optical luminosity of the jet and its Lorentz factor to be estimated for the populations of quasars, BL Lacs, and radio galaxies. The radio-loudness of quasars is found to increase at high redshifts, which can be a result of lower efficiency of the accretion in AGN having higher radio luminosities. A strong positive correlation is found between the intrinsic kinetic power of the jet and the apparent luminosities of the total and the unresolved core emission of the jet at 15 GHz. This correlation is interpreted in terms of intrinsically more luminous parsec-scale jet producing more luminous extended structure which is detectable at low radio frequencies, 151 MHz. A possibility that the low frequency radio emission is relativistically beamed in superluminal AGN and therefore correlates with radio luminosity of the jet at 15 GHz can not be ruled out (abridged).
Spacecraft Charging Analysis of Large GEO Satellites Using MUSCAT

A series of spacecraft charging analyses was carried out for large GEO satellites using Multi-Utility Spacecraft Charging Analysis Tool. The purpose was to derive the number of electrostatic discharges expected for 15 years in orbit, which would be used as the basis of the number of primary electrostatic discharges (ESDs) to be used in future solar cell coupon ESD tests. The combinations of GEO plasma parameters (electron density, proton density, electron energy, and proton energy) that have a high probability of occurrence have been identified first. For each of those plasma parameters, a charging analysis was done. In the simulation, the time for the differential voltage between solar array cover glass and the spacecraft chassis to reach the ESD inception threshold was calculated. The results indicate that, for a typical GEO satellite, the expected number of ESDs in 15 years is on the order of 10 000, agreeing well with the previous work where another satellite was simulated by NASCAP/GEO.
A Study on Determining the Influence of Organizational Identification on Organizational Justice and Organizational Silence

This study aims at determining how the organizational identification levels of individuals affect their organizational justice perception and organizational silence behavior. The research was performed with contribution of 213 people employed at two five-star hotels located at the province of Afyonkarahisar. The relationships and interactions among the variables of the study were determined through testing the structural regression models established at YEM. The regression models were confirmed as a result of the analyses and statistically significant relationships were observed among the variables. It was determined that organizational identification has significant and positive effects on the distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice dimensions of organizational justice. Besides, the research results revealed that organizational identification has negative significant effect on acquiescent and defensive silence dimensions of organizational silence, while it has positive significant effect on prosocial silence.
The Association Between Body Mass Index Class, Sickness Absence, and Presenteeism

Objective: To examine the relationship between body mass index class, presenteeism, and prospective registered sickness absence. Methods: Data were collected from 2983 Belgian workers. Presenteeism was assessed by a single question, evaluating the frequency of being at work, despite illness, during the preceding year. Sickness absence data were registered during 12 months' follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: Body mass index class was positively and significantly associated with presenteeism (at least two occasions of working despite illness) in the male employees and was a significant predictor of high sickness absence (at least 10 sick leave days) in the female population. A final multivariate model demonstrated that these relations were only partly mediated by self-rated health. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest a gender difference concerning absenteeism and presenteeism in overweight and obese employees.
Expression of cyclin D1 after treatment with doxorubicin in the HL‐60 cell line

Increased levels of cyclin D1 and amplification of CCND1 gene occur in many types of cancers. We have followed the expression of cyclin D1 after treatment with doxorubicin with reference to cell death and other possible therapeutic implications. The effect of the treatment on the cell cycle, survival, intracellular level (flow cytometry), and intracellular localization of cyclin D1 (fluorescence microscopy) and expression of CCND1 (real‐time RT‐PCR) was investigated in HL‐60 cells. An increase in the fluorescence intensity of cyclin D1 occurred after treatment with 0.15 and 0.3 μM doxorubicin. This tendency was confirmed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Expression of CCND1 in relation to the reference gene PBGD was increased in cells exposed to 0.15 μM doxorubicin. Concomitantly, some alterations in the regulation of the G0/G1, S, and G2/M checkpoints occurred, accompanied by changes in the polyploid fraction of the population. This was particularly evident at 0.3 μM doxorubicin, at which concentration the rate of cell death was also clearly higher. In conclusion, depending on the concentration used, alterations in cell death and the number of S, G2/M, and polyploid cells may correspond with cyclin D1 levels. This, in turn, may reflect an important role of the protein as one of the possible survival/point‐of‐no‐return regulators dependent on its concentration, which seems especially plausible in the context of more prominent cell death in the above‐mentioned fractions of cells.
Prevalence and impact of hepatitis B and C virus co‐infections in antiretroviral treatment naïve patients with HIV infection at a major treatment center in Ghana

Data on the effects of the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients co‐infected with these viruses and HIV in West Africa are conflicting and little information is available in Ghana. A cohort of 138 treatment naïve individuals infected with HIV was screened for HBV and HCV serologic markers; HBsAg positive patients were tested for HBeAg, anti‐HBe, and anti‐HBc IgM. The viral load of HIV‐1 in the plasma was determined in 81 patients. Eighteen of the 138 patients (13%) and 5 (3.6%) had HBsAg and anti‐HCV, respectively. None of the patients had anti‐HBc IgM, but 10 (55.6%) and 8 (44.4%) of the 18 patients who were HBsAg positive had HBeAg and anti‐HBe, respectively. In patients with measurement of CD4+ undertaken within 1 month (n = 83), CD4+ count was significantly lower in patients with HBeAg (median [IQR], 81 [22–144]) as compared to those with anti‐HBe (median [IQR], 210 [197–222]) (P = 0.002, CI: −96.46 to 51.21). However, those with HIV mono‐infection had similar CD4+ counts (median [IQR], 57 [14–159]) compared to those with HBeAg (P = 1.0, CI: −71.75 to 73.66). Similar results were obtained if CD4+ count was measured within 2 months prior to initiation of HAART (n = 119). Generally, HBV and anti‐HCV did not affect CD4+ and viral loads of HIV‐1 in plasma but patients with HIV and HBV co‐infection who had HBeAg had more severe immune suppression as compared to those with anti‐HBe. This may have implication for initiating HAART in HBV endemic areas. J. Med. Virol. 84:6–10, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dietary choice behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans

SUMMARY Animals have evolved diverse behaviors that serve the purpose of finding food in the environment. We investigated the food seeking strategy of the soil bacteria-eating nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans bacterial food varies in quality: some species are easy to eat and support worm growth well, while others do not. We show that worms exhibit dietary choice: they hunt for high quality food and leave hard-to-eat bacteria. This food seeking behavior is enhanced in animals that have already experienced good food. When hunting for good food, worms alternate between two modes of locomotion, known as dwelling: movement with frequent stops and reversals; and roaming: straight rapid movement. On good food, roaming is very rare, while on bad food it is common. Using laser ablations and mutant analysis, we show that the AIY neurons serve to extend roaming periods, and are essential for efficient food seeking.
Patient care during infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells

From the Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Cell Therapy Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota. Address reprint requests to: Jeffrey McCullough, MD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, Box 609 Mayo, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455–0385; E-mail: mccul001@umn.edu. Received for publication July 10, 2003; revision received February 5, 2004, and accepted February 9, 2004. TRANSFUSION 2004;44:907-916. T R A N S P L A N T A T I O N A N D C E L L U L A R E N G I N E E R I N G