Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward sensitive practice: issues for physical therapists working with survivors of childhood sexual abuse.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The high rates of prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in the United States and Canada suggest that physical therapists work, often unknowingly, with adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. The purposes of this qualitative study were to explore the reactions of adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse to physical therapy and to listen to their ideas about how practitioners could be more sensitive to their needs. The dynamics and long-term sequelae of childhood sexual abuse, as currently understood by mental health researchers and as described by the participants, are summarized to provide a context for the findings of this study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-seven female survivors (aged 19-62 years) participated in semistructured interviews in which they described their reactions to physical therapy. RESULTS Survivors' reactions to physical therapy, termed "long-term sequelae of abuse that detract from feeling safe in physical therapy," are reported. Participant-identified suggestions that could contribute to the sense of safety are shared. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION Although the physical therapist cannot change the survivor's history, an appreciation of issues associated with child sexual abuse theoretically can increase clinicians' understanding of survivors' reactions during treatment. We believe that attention by the physical therapist to the client's sense of safety throughout treatment can maximize the benefits of the physical therapy experience for the client who is a survivor.
NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR CHILDREN WITH MICROVILLOUS INCLUSION DISEASE: EARLY SMALL BOWEL TRANSPLANTATION

Background. Microvillous inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital intestinal epithelial cell disorder leading to lifelong intestinal failure. Despite long-term total parenteral nutrition, life expectancy is extremely reduced because of metabolic or septic complications or liver failure. Methods. Twelve patients with early-onset MVID were evaluated between 1995 and 2002 for the possibility of small bowel transplantation (SbTx). Three patients died before they could be placed on the waiting list for SbTx, and one patient is still awaiting SbTx. SbTx was contraindicated in one patient. Results. Seven of 12 patients (six boys and one girl) underwent transplantation (three SbTxs and four combined liver-SbTxs). Actuarial survival rates were 100% and 75% in the SbTx and combined liver-SbTx groups, respectively, with a mean follow-up of 3 years (1.1–8.5 years). In contrast, the survival rate was only 40% in the subgroup of five patients who did not undergo transplantation. After transplantation, all patients were weaned from parenteral nutrition: the five patients with an additional colon graft were weaned within 36 days as opposed to the others without colonic transplant who obtained full intestinal autonomy several months after transplantation. The only two surviving patients who did not undergo SbTx remain highly dependent on total parenteral nutrition, which is complicated by repeated episodes of metabolic decompensation. Conclusions. SbTx alone or in combination with the liver is highly successful in children with MVID, offering them a long-term perspective for the first time. Associated colon grafting markedly improves the outcome and quality of life after SbTx in patients with MVID.
Modulation of extracellular matrix proteins in rat liver during development

The expression and localization of extracellular matrix proteins in rat liver was investigated as a function of liver development. Levels of extracellular matrix proteins were measured by dot‐blot or immunoblot protocols using monospecific antibodies prepared against collagen types I, III and IV; laminin; fibronectin; and fibronectin receptor. Proline and hydroxyproline levels from extracted liver collagen were quantitated by Pico Tag analysis. It was observed that the content of type IV collagen and fibronectin in the rat liver increased two to four times during the perinatal period. In contrast, levels of laminin and collagen types I and III decreased up to twofold in developing rat livers. The content of fibronectin receptor during ontogeny was decreased four times in an inverse relationship to fibronectin molecules. Fibronectin receptor and extracellular matrix proteins displayed no difference in apparent molecular weight as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblots. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of frozen thin liver sections revealed that the pattern of localization of extracellular matrix proteins in the nonvascular regions of fetal liver was punctate rather than restricted to a specific region such as the perisinusoidal area of adult livers. Similarly, fibronectin receptor was also present, mainly in the sinusoidal area of adult livers, whereas fetal sections were diffusely stained. Our findings suggest that the differential modulation of extracellular matrix proteins and their localization in the developing rat livers undergo a dramatic alteration in the composition and structural organization of matrix material, which may act to modulate proliferation and to promote the differentiation of liver cells during development. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:519–525).
Physiological Role of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3α Induction during Maturation of Intestinal Macrophages12

Intestinal macrophages (IMAC) are a central component in the defense of the intestinal mucosa against luminal microbes. In normal mucosa, monocytes differentiate to immunologically tolerant IMAC with a typical phenotype lacking activation markers such as CD14 and TLRs 2 and 4. CD33+ IMAC were isolated from normal intestinal mucosa by immunomagnetic beads. A subtractive hybridization subtracting mRNA from normal IMAC from those of in vitro differentiated macrophages was performed. IMAC differentiation was studied in multicellular spheroids (MCS). Functional assays on migration of CD45R0+ T cells were performed in MCS coculture models. Of 76 clones, 3 obtained by subtractive mRNA hybridization showed >99% homology to mRNA of MIP-3α, indicating that this chemokine is induced in IMAC compared with in vitro differentiated macrophages. MIP-3α protein expression was confirmed in cryostat sections of normal intestinal mucosa by immunohistochemistry. IMAC in the lamina propria stained positive for MIP-3α. FACS of purified IMAC clearly indicated expression of MIP-3α in these cells. In the MCS-in vitro differentiation model for IMAC, MIP-3α protein expression was absent on day 1 but detectable on day 7 of coculture, demonstrating the induction of MIP-3α during differentiation of IMAC. IMAC attracted CD45R0+ T cells to migrate into an MCS coculture model. In human mucosa, a close contact between IMAC and CD45R0+ T cells could be demonstrated. MIP-3α is induced during the differentiation of monocytes into IMAC. Our data suggest that MIP-3α expression could be involved in the recruitment of CD45R0+ cells into the lamina propria.
Clinical Application of Bioartificial Liver Support Systems

Objective:To review the present status of bioartificial liver (BAL) devices and their obtained clinical results. Background:Acute liver failure (ALF) is a disease with a high mortality. Standard therapy at present is liver transplantation. Liver transplantation is hampered by the increasing shortage of organ donors, resulting in high incidence of patients with ALF dying on the transplantation waiting list. Among a variety of liver assist therapies, BAL therapy is marked as the most promising solution to bridge ALF patients to liver transplantation or to liver regeneration, because several BAL systems showed significant survival improvement in animal ALF studies. Until today, clinical application of 11 different BAL systems has been reported. Methods:A literature review was performed using MEDLINE and additional library searches. Only BAL systems that have been used in a clinical trial were included in this review. Results:Eleven BAL systems found clinical application. Three systems were studied in a controlled trial, showing no significant survival benefits, in part due to the insufficient number of patients included. The other systems were studied in a phase I trial or during treatment of a single patient and all showed to be safe. Most BAL therapies resulted in improvement of clinical and biochemical parameters. Conclusions:Bioartificial liver therapy for bridging patients with ALF to liver transplantation or liver regeneration is promising. Its clinical value awaits further improvement of BAL devices, replacement of hepatocytes of animal origin by human hepatocytes, and assessment in controlled clinical trials.
Data Localization Laws in a Digital World: Data Protection or Data Protectionism?

Data localization laws are emerging as a pernicious form of non-tariff barrier which significantly harms the growth of trade in a digitally powered world. An International Political Economy approach provides a more comprehensive analysis of the policy rationale behind such laws, as compared to a purely economic approach, which only focuses on economic losses resulting from protectionism. On a closer analysis, it is found that different countries may have different policy rationales for implementing data localization laws – while some promote their domestic ICT industry through forced localization measures, others have concerns regarding national security, privacy, and ensuring sovereign control in the highly privatized world of internet governance. It is not always possible to demarcate the “protectionist” rationale from that of rational “data protection”. To address data localization effectively and facilitate digital trade, it is not sufficient to negotiate for free flow of data in trade agreements without Governments and companies being open and transparent about the related issues of privacy, national security and consumer protection. Particularly, the role of US Government as well as leading US-based technology companies will be instrumental in this regard. At the same time, it may be necessary to develop policy initiatives both to encourage transparent and clear international standards on data security, as well as to enable higher levels of digital innovation in developing countries such that they can harness the benefits of evolving internet technologies.
Susceptibility of human T-lymphotropic virus type I infected cell line MT-2 to hepatitis C virus infection.

To obtain a hepatitis C virus (HCV) proliferation system, we examined the susceptibility of various cultured cell lines to HCV infection. We found that a human T-lymphotropic virus type I infected cell line MT-2 was fairly sensitive to HCV infection. Using the polymerase chain reaction, intracellular positive-stranded HCV RNA was detected until at least 15 days postinoculation (p.i.). Intracellular negative-stranded HCV RNA was also detected at 10 days p.i. , although not at 7 days p.i. , suggesting that HCV is replicating in MT-2 cells 10 days p.i. Sequence analysis of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) revealed that HVR1 sequences from cells 10 days p.i. had become homogeneous, although HVR1 sequences from the inoculum showed the typical quasi-species. We also found a lack of anti-HVR1 antibody against the HVR1 species which became homogeneous at 10 days p.i. , although we easily detected antibody against the other HVR1 species obtained from the inoculum. These findings suggest that MT-2 cells are susceptible to HCV infection and are capable of supporting HCV replication.
Solution NMR of membrane proteins: practice and challenges

This review focuses upon the application of solution NMR methods to multispan integral membrane proteins, particularly with respect to determination of global folds by this approach. Practical methods are described along with the special difficulties that confront the application of solution NMR to proteins that dwell in the netherworld of the lipid bilayer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety and feasibility of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) primed bone marrow (BM) using three days of G‐CSF priming as stem cell source for pediatric allogeneic BM transplantation

There are limited data on the optimal dosing and schedule of G‐CSF priming prior to BM harvest. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of three days of G‐CSF of primed BM from related pediatric donors. Forty‐five children were treated. All donors received 5 μg/kg per day of G‐CSF as a single subcutaneous injection for three consecutive days prior to the BM harvest. The median age of the donors was seven yr (range, 0.8–18) and no donor experienced major adverse events related to G‐CSF administration. The median age for the recipients was five yr (0.3–16 yr). Thirty‐five patients had non‐malignant disorders. The median dose of nucleated (TNC) and CD34+, CD3 cells infused per recipient weight was 5.4 × 108/kg (range, 0.61–17), 4.7 × 106/kg (range, 1.6–19), and 43.8 × 106/kg (range, 1.8–95), respectively. All patients achieved neutrophil and platelets engraftment, at a median of 15 (range, 10–22) and 23 days (range, 13–111), respectively. At a median follow up of 60 months (range 12–100), the estimated five yr overall and EFS was 91% and 80%, respectively. Collection of BM following three days of G‐CSF priming from pediatric donors is safe and results in high TNC and CD34+ cell yield.
Hunting Guns in Homes and Suicides in 15–24–Year-Old Males in Eastern Finland

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between firearm ownership, the presence of guns in homes, the use of psychiatric services and suicides in 15–24–year-old males in Eastern Finland. Method: Police and medico legal records of all suicides (n = 68) performed by 15–24–year-old males in the Kuopio province, Eastern Finland, in 1988–1995 were studied. Information was sought about firearm ownership, legality and purposes of use. Information was also sought about recent contacts with psychiatric services. Firearm suicides were compared with suicides by other methods. Results: The annual suicide rate for 15–24–year-old males was 51/100 000. Sixty-two percent of suicides were committed by shooting. In 74% of these, licensed hunting guns were used. The proportion of suicides committed by legal hunting guns stored in the homes of victims was 60% of all firearm suicides. Sixty-two percent of firearm suicides were committed in homes of victims or in someone else's residence where guns were present. Only 2% of those who shot themselves were seen in psychiatric consultation during the 3 months prior to death. Conclusions: The presence of hunting guns in homes means easy access to a most lethal suicide method and is associated with a high suicide rate for 15–24–year-old males in Eastern Finland.
Reliability of Volumetric Imaging Software for Cone-Beam Computed Tomogram Scans in the Anterior Maxilla

Purpose:This study aimed to compare buccal bone thickness in the maxillary anterior region provided by cone-beam computed tomography scans of cadaveric specimens using 2 different volumetric imaging software. Methods:Cone-beam computed tomography scans of the maxilla of 15 cadaver heads were obtained from a database at the School of Dentistry, University of Michigan. Buccal bone thickness of the right and left maxillary canines and lateral and central incisors was measured at 2.0 mm below the crestal bone margin using 2 different volumetric software. Results:A tooth-by-tooth comparison revealed strong correlation between measurements from the 2 software for the right canine (r = 0.859), lateral incisor (r = 0.817), and left lateral incisor (r = 0.933). When comparing tooth groups, there was a moderate correlation for central incisors (r = 0.635) and a strong correlation for canines (r = 0.820) and lateral incisors (r = 0.863). Measurements from both software were strongly correlated (r = 0.807) with 95.56% of the measurements in agreement. Conclusions:Measurements from 2 different volumetric imaging software were in agreement and either software can be used in analyzing soft and hard tissue volumes.
Chemokine expression by systemic sclerosis fibroblasts: abnormal regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression.

OBJECTIVE Chemokines are important mediators in the chemoattraction of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. This study investigated the potential contribution of systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts to chemokine production and its potential relevance to the pathogenesis of SSc. METHODS The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for different C-C and C-X-C chemokines by SSc and normal fibroblasts was studied by RNase protection assay. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) protein production was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The chemotactic effect of fibroblast-derived MCP-1 on monocytic cells was analyzed in a transmigration assay. Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) activation in fibroblasts was studied by electromobility shift analysis. MCP-1 expression in SSc skin sections was studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Among all chemokine genes studied, only MCP-1 and interleukin-8 mRNA were expressed by nonstimulated normal and SSc fibroblasts. SSc fibroblasts displayed increased constitutive expression of MCP-1 mRNA and protein and showed a blunted response to oxidative stress. Increased MCP-1 production was associated with higher chemotactic activity for monocytic cells. Increased NF-kappaB or AP-1 activation was not responsible for the constitutive overexpression of MCP-1 by SSc fibroblasts. In SSc skin sections, MCP-1 expression was detected in fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and mononuclear cells, whereas it was undetectable in normal skin. CONCLUSION SSc fibroblasts display a specific pattern of chemokine gene expression that is characterized by constitutively increased and abnormally regulated expression of MCP-1 in vitro. MCP-1 is also expressed in lesional skin and can participate in the pathogenesis of SSc.
Interleukin 17 Induces Up-Regulation of Chemokine and Cytokine Expression Via Activation of the Nuclear Factor κB and Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathways in Gynecologic Cancer Cell Lines

Objectives Previous studies have revealed that interleukin 17 (IL-17) contributes to pathological processes in many solid tumors. However, the roles of IL-17 in gynecologic cancer still remain elusive, hindering the deep understanding of gynecologic tumorigenesis. Methods In the present study, to delineate the functional roles of IL-17 in gynecologic cancer, IL-17 stimulation was introduced in cell lines of 3 gynecologic cancers, and IL-17–induced expression of chemokines and cytokines and possible signaling pathways were investigated. Results Our results showed that in HEC-1-B (human endometrial cancer) cells, IL-17 stimulation induced mRNA level increases of CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL2, and IL-8. Similar treatment in HeLa cells caused increases in the mRNA levels of CCL2, CXCL2, IL-6, and IL-8, and in SKOV3 cells, mRNA levels of CCL2, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-6, and IL-8 increased. The increases in mRNA levels induced by IL-17 were dose- and time-dependent. Furthermore, with the addition of the NF-κB (nuclear factor κ–light-chain–enhancer of activated B) and extracellular signal–regulated kinase inhibitors pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and PD98059, the IL-17–induced CCL2 mRNA level was significantly compromised. IL-17 stimulation also activated phosphorylation of IκB&agr; and extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion These results demonstrated that IL-17 may regulate chemokines and cytokines in gynecologic cancers.
Crystal structure of hexakis(urea-κO)chromium(III) dichromate bromide monohydrate from synchrotron X-ray data

The title compound, [Cr(urea)6](Cr2O7)Br·H2O, is isotypic with the corresponding chloride salt and consists of discrete [Cr(urea)6]3+ cations, staggered Cr2O7 4− and Br− anions and water solvent molecules that are held together by an intricate three-dimensional network of hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Weight Gain After Short- and Long-Limb Gastric Bypass in Patients Followed for Longer Than 10 Years

Objective:To complete a long-term (>10 years) follow-up of patients undergoing isolated roux-en-Y gastric bypass for severe obesity. Background:Long-term results of gastric bypass in patients followed for longer than 10 years is not reported in the literature. Methods:Accurate weights were recorded on 228 of 272 (83.8%) of patients at a mean of 11.4 years (range, 4.7–14.9 years) after surgery. Results were documented on an individual basis for both long- and short-limb gastric bypass and compared with results at the nadir BMI and % excess weight loss (%EWL) at 5 years and >10 years post surgery. Results:There was a significant (P < 0.0001) increase in BMI in both morbidly obese (BMI < 50 kg/m2) and super obese patients (BMI > 50 kg/m2) from the nadir to 5 years and from 5 to 10 years. The super obese lost more rapidly from time zero and gained more rapidly after reaching the lowest weight at approximately 2 years than the morbidly obese patients. There was no difference in results between the long- and short-limb operations. There was a significant increase in failures and decrease in excellent results at 10 years when compared with 5 years. The failure rate when all patients are followed for at least 10 years was 20.4% for morbidly obese patients and 34.9% for super obese patients. Conclusions:The gastric bypass limb length does not impact long-term weight loss. Significant weight gain occurs continuously in patients after reaching the nadir weight following gastric bypass. Despite this weight gain, the long-term mortality remains low at 3.1%.
Structural Determinants Required To Target Penicillin-Binding Protein 3 to the Septum of Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT In Escherichia coli, cell division is mediated by the concerted action of about 12 proteins that assemble at the division site to presumably form a complex called the divisome. Among these essential division proteins, the multimodular class B penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3), which is specifically involved in septal peptidoglycan synthesis, consists of a short intracellular M1-R23 peptide fused to a F24-L39 membrane anchor that is linked via a G40-S70 peptide to an R71-I236 noncatalytic module itself linked to a D237-V577 catalytic penicillin-binding module. On the basis of localization analyses of PBP3 mutants fused to green fluorescent protein by fluorescence microscopy, it appears that the first 56 amino acid residues of PBP3 containing the membrane anchor and the G40-E56 peptide contain the structural determinants required to target the protein to the cell division site and that none of the putative protein interaction sites present in the noncatalytic module are essential for the positioning of the protein to the division site. Based on the effects of increasing production of FtsQ or FtsW on the division of cells expressing PBP3 mutants, it is suggested that these proteins could interact. We postulate that FtsQ could play a role in regulating the assembly of these division proteins at the division site and the activity of the peptidoglycan assembly machineries within the divisome.