Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Through the eyes of children: engaging primary school-aged children in creating supportive school environments for physical activity and nutrition.

ISSUES ADDRESSED This paper presents a qualitative study of physical activity, eating and drinking experiences of children at Wellington Public School, NSW. The study was designed and implemented to inform school programs and policies with a goal of fostering a supportive and healthy environment at the school. METHODS The study involved use of focus groups, drawings and photovoice with 37 students from Kindergarten to Year 6 to determine problems, underlying causes and possible student-led interventions to enhance the school physical activity and nutritional environment. RESULTS Students considered play as related to fun games with friends. Sport was associated with structured, competitive types of physical activity. Infants class students preferred play, while primary students reported a preference for semi-structured and structured activities. Suggestions to improve school playing areas mirrored these preferences. The children suggested strategies for increasing fruit, vegetable and water consumption during the school day. CONCLUSION The students were keen to explore ways to increase physical activity opportunities and develop a supportive nutritional environment at school. Simple, easy to implement suggestions were among the outcomes of the study, reinforcing the importance of including students' views in healthy school program and policy development.
T‐cell dynamics after high‐dose chemotherapy in adults: elucidation of the elusive CD8+ subset reveals multiple homeostatic T‐cell compartments with distinct implications for immune competence

Recovery of total T cell numbers after in vivo T‐cell depletion in humans is accompanied by complex perturbation within the CD8+ subset. We aimed to elucidate the reconstitution of CD8+ T cells by separate analysis of putative naïve CD95− CD28+, memory CD95+ CD28+ and CD28− T cell compartments after acute maximal depletion by high‐dose chemotherapy (HD‐ChT) in women with high‐risk breast cancer. We found that recovery of putative naïve CD8+ CD95− CD28+ and CD4+ CD95− CD28+ T cells, was compatible with a thymus‐dependent regenerative pathway since their recovery was slow and time‐dependent, their values were tightly related to each other, and their reconstitution patterns were inversely related to age. By analysing non‐naïve T cells, a striking diversion between putative memory T cells and CD28− T cells was found. These latter increased early well beyond normal values, thus playing a pivotal role in total T‐cell homeostasis, and contributed to reduce the CD4 : CD8 ratio. In contrast, putative memory T cells returned to values not significantly different from those seen in patients at diagnosis, indicating that this compartment may recover after HD‐ChT. At 3–5 years after treatment, naïve T cells persisted at low levels, with expansion of CD28− T cells, suggesting that such alterations may extend further. These findings indicate that CD28− T cells were responsible for ‘blind’ T‐cell homeostasis, but support the notion that memory and naïve T cells are regulated separately. Given their distinct dynamics, quantitative evaluation of T‐cell pools in patients undergoing chemotherapy should take into account separate analysis of naïve, memory and CD28− T cells.
Eye-gaze control technology for children, adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy with significant physical disability: Findings from a systematic review

ABSTRACT Purpose: The primary objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of eye-gaze control technology for facilitating communication across different social contexts for people with cerebral palsy and significant physical disability. Methods: Systematic review. Results: The search identified 756 potentially eligible articles, of which two, low level articles were eligible. One study reported positive results for achieving communication goals for children with cerebral palsy. The second concluded that eye-gaze control technology resulted in greater quality of life and less depression for adults with late stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis when compared to non-users. Discussion: Research regarding the effectiveness of eye-gaze control technology used to access a laptop, tablet or computer on communication outcomes, participation, quality of life and self-esteem in children, adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy and significant physical disability is sparse. A scoping review to fully identify issues to inform clinical practice and future research is required.
Comparison of two neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy regimens for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the phase III trial ACCORD 12/0405-Prodige 2.

PURPOSE Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is considered a standard approach for T3-4 M0 rectal cancer. In this situation, we compared neoadjuvant radiotherapy plus capecitabine with dose-intensified radiotherapy plus capecitabine and oxaliplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS We randomly assigned patients to receive 5 weeks of treatment with radiotherapy 45 Gy/25 fractions with concurrent capecitabine 800 mg/m(2) twice daily 5 days per week (Cap 45) or radiotherapy 50 Gy/25 fractions with capecitabine 800 mg/m(2) twice daily 5 days per week and oxaliplatin 50 mg/m(2) once weekly (Capox 50). The primary end point was complete sterilization of the operative specimen (ypCR). RESULTS Five hundred ninety-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive Cap 45 (n = 299) or Capox 50 (n = 299). More preoperative grade 3 to 4 toxicity occurred in the Capox 50 group (25 v 1%; P < .001). Surgery was performed in 98% of patients in both groups. There were no differences between groups in the rate of conservative surgery (75%) or postoperative deaths at 60 days (0.3%). The ypCR rate was 13.9% with Cap 45 and 19.2% with Capox 50 (P = .09). When ypCR was combined with yp few residual cells, the rate was respectively 28.9% with Cap 45 and 39.4% with Capox 50 (P = .008). The rate of positive circumferential rectal margins (between 0 and 2 mm) was 19.3% with Cap 45 and 9.9% with Capox 50 (P = .02). CONCLUSION The benefit of oxaliplatin was not demonstrated and this drug should not be used with concurrent irradiation. Cap 50 merits investigation for T3-4 rectal cancers.
PERIPHERAL PARASITAEMIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PLASMA CYTOKINES LEVELS IN MALARIA-INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN IN ABA, ABIA STATE, NIGERIA

Background: Cytokines in pregnant female may not be a normal phenomenon as malarial infection is often associated with strong CD4+ cell activation and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We investigated the relationship between peripheral parasitaemia and plasma levels of cytokines among malaria infected pregnant women in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 206 non-HIV positive asymptomatic malaria parasitaemic (n=144) and non-parasitaemic (n=62) pregnant women were recruited for this study alongside 80 non-pregnant women who served as positive (n=40) and negative (n=40) controls. Blood samples were aseptically collected from each subject and tested for HIV and malaria parasites using standard methods. Also, plasma levels of cytokines were measured using Th1/Th2 human cytokine ELISA kits (Abcam, UK). Analysis of Variance and Student’s t-test were used for Comparison of groups while Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was used for tests of association. Results: The results revealed a mean parasite density of 685.56±484.55 parasites/µl of blood. Malaria infected pregnant subjects showed significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 when compared with their non-infected counterparts (P< 0.05). The cytokines evaluated were higher in moderate parasitaemia than mild parasitaemia. Positive correlation existed between peripheral parasite density (PPD) and IL-4 (r= 0.24, P=0.004), PPD and IL-6 (r = 0.35, P = 0.001) as well as PPD and IL-10 (r = 0.29, P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that increase in peripheral parasitaemia increased levels of some plasma cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) but not IFN-γ and TNF-α in the malaria infected pregnant women studied.
CSF Phosphorylated Tau Protein and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Study

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau protein phosphorylated at both Thr231 and Ser235 sites (CSF/phospho-tau(231-235)) and total tau (CSF/total-tau) were quantified by sandwich ELISA in 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who eventually developed AD on follow-up as well as seven memory complainers with no objective memory loss. 13/20 (65%) of the MCI patients had high CSF/total-tau and detectable levels of CSF/phospho-tau(231-235), whereas these markers were low and under a detectable level in all of the memory complainers. Although either a total-tau, phospho-tau measurement or a combination of these can help in predicting if MCI will develop AD, our results suggest that the pathogenic steps of AD may be at the stage that finally leads to an accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau and neuron death, at least in some brain areas, when MCI patients present with the earliest detectable clinical symptoms of dementia.
Physiological regulation of Munc18/nSec1 phosphorylation on serine‐313

Increased protein phosphorylation enhances exocytosis in most secretory cell types, including neurones. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs and the specific protein targets remain unclear. Munc18‐1/nSec1 is essential for exocytosis in neurones, and is known to be phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro at Ser‐313. This phosphorylation has been shown to decrease its affinity for syntaxin, and to alter the kinetics of exocytosis in chromaffin cells. However, there are no data on the physiological regulation of Ser‐313 phosphorylation. Using phospho‐Ser‐313‐specific antisera, we demonstrate here that Ser‐313 is phosphorylated in intact and permeabilized chromaffin cells in response to histamine and Ca2+ respectively. Furthermore, Ser‐313 is rapidly and transiently phosphorylated in intact synaptosomes in response to depolarization by KCl treatment or by 4‐aminopyridine, and by the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist dihydroxyphenylglycine. PKC was identified as the kinase, and PP1 and PP2B as the phosphatases responsible for regulating Ser‐313 phosphorylation. As phosphorylation of nSec1 on Ser‐313 affects the rate of transmitter release in chromaffin cells, the demonstration here that this phosphorylation event occurs in neurones suggests that synaptic neurotransmitter release may be similarly regulated by nSec1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, such changes in release kinetics are associated with long‐term potentiation and depression, thus implicating nSec1 phosphorylation as a potential regulatory mechanism underlying presynaptic plasticity.
Early Caulobacter crescentus genes fliL and fliM are required for flagellar gene expression and normal cell division

The biogenesis of the Caulobacter crescentus polar flagellum requires the expression of more than 48 genes, which are organized in a regulatory hierarchy. The flbO locus is near the top of the hierarchy, and consequently strains with mutations in this locus are nonmotile and lack the flagellar basal body complex. In addition to the motility phenotype, mutations in this locus also cause abnormal cell division. Complementing clones restore both motility and normal cell division. Sequence analysis of a complementing subclone revealed that this locus encodes at least two proteins that are homologs of the Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli flagellar proteins FliL and FliM. FliM is thought to be a switch protein and to interface with the flagellum motor. The C. crescentus fliL and fliM genes form an operon that is expressed early in the cell cycle. Tn5 insertions in the fliM gene prevent the transcription of class II and class III flagellar genes, which are lower in the regulatory hierarchy. The start site of the fliLM operon lies 166 bp from the divergently transcribed flaCBD operon that encodes several basal body genes. Sequence comparison of the fliL transcription start site with those of other class I genes, flaS and flaO, revealed a highly conserved 29-bp sequence in a potential promoter region that differs from sigma 70, sigma 54, sigma 32, and sigma 28 promoter sequences, suggesting that at least three class I genes share a unique 5' regulatory region.
The Economic Legacy of Divorce and Separation for Women in Old Age

<p>Although progress has been made over the last 20 years, the burden of a low income in old age is still carried by unattached women. Few researchers, however, have examined exactly where the burden of poverty falls within the category of unattached older women or what the nature of this poverty is. Like any other group of older Canadians, unattached women are not a homogeneous population. The category of unattached includes the separated, divorced, widowed, and ever single, all of whom face different circumstances in old age because of differences over the life course. Using Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) data, we examine income and sources of income from 1993 to 1999 to identify differences among these groups. The findings indicate that the separated and divorced are the poorest of all older unattached women in Canada. A key source of the difference is the differential growth in private pension incomes. </p> <p>Bien que les choses se soient améliorées depuis 20 ans, les femmes âgées seules à faible revenu continuent d'être affligées par le fardeau de la pauvreté. Pourtant, peu de chercheurs se sont attachés à savoir qui, parmi les femmes âgées seules, supportent ce fardeau et quelle est la nature de cette pauvreté. Comme les autres groupes d'aînés canadiens, les femmes seules ne forment pas une population homogène. La catégorie des femmes « seules » comprend les femmes séparées, divorcées, veuves et celles qui n'ont jamais été mariées, et qui toutes font face à des situations différentes au moment de la vieillesse parce qu'elles n'ont pas eu le même tracé de vie. Pour cerner les différences entre ces groupes, nous avons utilisé les données de l'EDTR pour examiner les revenus et sources de revenu entre 1993 et 1999. Selon nos conclusions, les femmes séparées et divorcées sont les plus démunies de toutes les aînées canadiennes seules. Ce fait est imputable en large part à la croissance différentielle des revenus de retraite complémentaire. </p>
On synchronization requirements and performance limitations for CoMP systems in large cells

We consider coordinated multi-point systems where multiple base stations apply a joint signal processing in the uplink and downlink. Large distances between the base stations result in unavoidable differences in time of arrival between the users' signals which in turn lead to inter-symbol interference in OFDM systems if the cyclic prefix length is exceeded. Moreover, carrier frequency offsets which are caused by imperfect oscillators lead to inter-carrier interference and are in particular a problem in the downlink due to the feedback delay of the measured channel state information. In this paper we derive metrics for evaluating the impact of time and frequency asynchronisms in CoMP systems with large base station distances. We compare performance results for CoMP and single user transmission techniques in a selected transmission scenario where we use a 3GPP/LTE baseline system.
Energy-Efficient Hybrid Analog/Digital Approximate Computation in Continuous Time

We present a unit that performs continuous-time hybrid approximate computation, in which both analog and digital signals are functions of continuous time. Our 65 nm CMOS prototype system is capable of solving nonlinear differential equations up to 4th order, and is scalable to higher orders. Nonlinear functions are generated by a programmable, clockless, continuoustime 8-bit hybrid architecture (ADC + SRAM + DAC). Digitally assisted calibration is used in all analog/mixed-signal blocks. Compared to the prior art, our chip makes possible arbitrary nonlinearities and achieves 16× lower power dissipation, thanks to technology scaling and extensive use of class-AB analog blocks. Typically, the unit achieves a computational accuracy of about 0.5% to 5% RMS, solution times from a fraction of 1 μs to several hundred μs, and total computational energy from a fraction of 1 nJ to hundreds of nJ, depending on equation details. Very significant advantages are observed in computational speed and energy (over two orders of magnitude and over one order of magnitude, respectively) compared to those obtained with a modern microcontroller for the same RMS error.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Testing by Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent and Western Blot Assays Using Serum, Gingival-Crevicular Transudate, and Urine Samples

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible utilization of saliva and urine as alternative samples to serum for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A total of 302 individuals participated in the study: 187 HIV-infected individuals (106 had Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] stage II infection, 19 had CDC stage III infection, and 62 had CDC stage IV infection) and 115 noninfected persons (46 of the noninfected persons were blood donors and 69 belonged to a group at high risk of HIV infection). Paired saliva and urine samples were taken from each of the participants in the study. The presence of HIV-specific antibodies was detected by an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA), and the result was confirmed by Western blot analysis (WB). The ELFA with saliva gave maximum sensitivity and specificity values, while ELFA had lower sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (97.4%) values for detection of HIV antibody in urine samples. WB with all saliva samples fulfilled the World Health Organization criterion for positivity, while only 96.8% of the urine samples were confirmed to be positive by WB. Among the four reactivity patterns found by WB of these alternative samples, the most frequent included bands against three groups of HIV structural proteins (was ENV, POL, and GAG). The reactivity bands most frequently observed were those for the proteins gp160 and gp120. The least common reactivity band was the band for protein p17. The detection of HIV antibodies in saliva samples by means of ELFA with the possibility of later confirmation by WB makes saliva an alternative to serum for possible use in the diagnosis of infection. In contrast, HIV antibody detection in urine samples by the same methodology (ELFA) could be taken into consideration for use in epidemiological studies.
Determinação de pH e atividade de água (Aa) e sua inter-relação com o perfil bacteriológico de salsichas tipo “hot dog” comercializadas nos municípios do Rio de Janeiro e Niterói – RJ

Foram analisadas 100 amostras de salsichas tipo “hot dog” comercializadas em embalagens a vacuo (n=50) e a granel(n=50) em supermercados nos municipios de Niteroi e Rio de Janeiro – RJ, sendo determinadas a atividade de agua (Aa),pH e perfil bacteriologico (enumeracao de coliformes a 35oC e termotolerantes; contagem de Staphylococcus coagulasepositiva; contagem de Clostridium spp. sulfito redutores a 46oC e isolamento e identificacao de Salmonella spp.). A Aaapresentou o valor medio de 0,8758, o pH apresentou valor medio de 6,08. De acordo com a legislacao em vigor, 33% dasamostras foram consideradas improprias ao consumo, onde foram isolados todos os micro-organismos pesquisados. Assalsichas tipo “hot dog” avaliadas representam riscos a saude coletiva. Em relacao a Aa foi observado crescimento de microorganismosem valores inferiores aqueles descritos na literatura para Aa.
Recent research on the comorbidity of alcoholism and pathological gambling.

This article summarizes a symposium held at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism in San Francisco, CA, and was prepared on behalf of the symposium participants by the symposium co-organizers/co-chairs. Prior research with both clinical and nonclinical populations indicates a high comorbidity between alcohol-use disorders and pathological gambling. This symposium involved a set of papers in which exciting new research on this form of comorbidity was presented. The studies spanned populations of problem-gambling helpline callers, problem gamblers attempting to recover, and community-recruited gambler research volunteers. The studies used methodologies ranging from questionnaire and interview to laboratory-based paradigms (i.e., cognitive and alcohol challenge). Study designs ranged from cross-sectional to longitudinal and from correlation to experiment. The symposium highlighted novel approaches that researchers are using to enhance understanding of functional relations that may underlie this common comorbidity.
Reproducing temples in Fremantle

This paper explores the production and reproduction of a sacred-soliciting built environment in the Western Australian port town of Fremantle, drawing attention to temple iconography produced in the first century of European settlement and its preservation and reproduction at the hands of local and national heritage movements since the 1970s. I show how Fremantle’s High Street solicits a sense of the sacred in its visitors, operating in a similar fashion to temple complexes such as Sukuh in Java. From purifying passage through the Whalers Tunnel under the Round House (the temple’s porch), the visitor will be guided up High Street through an assemblage of neoclassical facades to Kings Square (the temple’s house) with its mix of artefacts for Anglican, Masonic and nation-building narratives. The reading continues up High Street to the War Memorial on Monument Hill (the temple’s Holy of Holies) for which a draft conservation plan was released in 2010.
Determinant role of tunneling resistance in electrical conductivity of polymer composites reinforced by well dispersed carbon nanotubes

Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation is used to investigate the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites composing of conducting nanofillers and insulating polymer matrix. When nanofillers concentrations low and they are well dispersed in the insulating matrix, electron tunneling resistance between the nanofiller junctions is found to play the dominant role in electron transport. In addition to the tunneling resistance, there is also the resistance of the conducting nanotube segments. These two types of resistance form the resistor network for electron conductance. For composites with well dispersion, individual tubes are separated by polymer molecules and the resulted tunneling resistance can be several orders larger in magnitude than the resistance of individual tubes. Considering the two types of resistors are always linked in an alternating order in the resistor network, the much larger tunneling resistance plays the determinant role in the electrical resistance of nanocomposites. When the contri.
Lessons from Five States: Public Sector Use of Washington Circle Performance Measures

Five states (Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, and Oklahoma) have incorporated Washington Circle (WC) substance abuse performance measures in various ways into their quality improvement strategies. In this paper we focus on what other states and local providers might learn from these states’ experiences as they consider using WC performance measures. Using a case study approach, we report that the use of WC measures differs across these five states, although there are important common themes required for adoption and sustainability of performance measures which include: leadership, evaluation of specification and use of measures over time, state-specific adaptation of the WC measure specifications, collaboration with consultants and partners, inclusion of WC measures in the context of other initiatives, reporting to providers and the public, and data and resource requirements. As additional states adopt some of the WC measures, or adopt other performance measurement approaches, these states’ experiences could help them to develop implementations based on their particular needs.