Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General-factual perfectives: On an asymmetry in aspect choice between western and eastern Slavic languages

The paper addresses the issue of microvariation within Slavic aspect. Specifically, it investigates perfective general-factuals, which appear in Czech and Polish but not in Russian. It is shown that perfective aspect is used in Czech and Polish when the semantics of the VP of the sentence is such that reference is limited to unique events, or when reference to a unique event is contextually determined. Assuming that semantic aspects operate over VP-meanings, it is then argued that the semantics of perfective aspect in Polish and Czech includes a completedness condition and a uniqueness condition whereas the semantics of the Russian perfective, more strongly, encodes target state validity. This difference categorically bans perfective aspect from general-factual contexts in Russian, but not in Czech and Polish.
1 Which Firms Leave Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives ? A Resource Dependence Perspective on Delistings from the United Nations Global Compact

This study analyzes which firms leave multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) for corporate social responsibility (CSR). Based on an analysis of all active and delisted participants from the UN Global Compact between 2000 and 2015 (n= 15,853), we find that SMEs are more likely to be delisted than larger and publicly-traded firms; that early adopters face a higher risk of being delisted; and that the presence of a local network in a country reduces the likelihood of being delisted. Based on this, we extend resource dependence theory in the context of CSR by theorizing (a) the effect of participant heterogeneity on resource dependence relationships and (b) the role of indirect influence pathways where stakeholders work through allies to manipulate the flow of resources to a firm.
Ray Flaring Blazars

Since the mid-1980s, the shock-in-jet model has been the preferred paradigm to explain radio-band flaring in blazar jets. We describe our radiative transfer model incorporating relativistically-propagating shocks, and illustrate how the 4.8, 8, and 14.5 GHz linear polarization and total flux density data from the University of Michigan monitoring program, in combination with the model, constrain jet flow conditions and shock attributes. Results from strong Fermi-era flares in 4 blazars with widely-ranging properties are presented. Additionally, to investigate jet evolution on decadal time scales we analyze 3 outbursts in OT 081 spanning nearly 3 decades and find intrinsic changes attributable to flow changes at a common spatial location, or, alternatively, to a change in the jet segment viewed. The model’s success in reproducing these data supports a scenario in which relativistic shocks compress a plasma with an embedded passive, initially-turbulent magnetic field, with additional ordered magnetic field components, one of which may be helical.
Fractal sub-grid scale model for large eddy simulation of atmospheric turbulence: A priori study

We present a fractal sub-grid scale model for large eddy simulation (LES) of atmospheric convective boundary layer flow. This model is based on the fractality assumption of turbulent velocity field. It reconstructs sub-grid velocity field from the knowledge of its filtered values on LES coarse grid, by means of fractal interpolation, proposed by Scotti and Meneveau (1999). The characteristics of the reconstructed signal depend on the stretching parameters d, which is related to the fractal dimension of the signal. Previous studies assume a constant stretching parameter in space and time. To improve the fractal interpolation approach, we account for the stretching parameter variability. We calculate the local stretching parameters from direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of convective boundary layer using an algorithm proposed by Mazel and Hayes (1992) and compute its probability density function (PDF). We found that the PDFs of d have a universal form when the velocity field is filtered to wave-numbers within the inertial range. It is assumed that the stretching parameter d is a random variable with the inertial range PDF of d. We perform 1D a priori test and compare energy spectra and statistics of velocity increments with DNS data.
Mid-to-late Holocene Temperature Evolution and Atmospheric Dynamics over Europe in Regional Model Simulations by Russo , Emmanuele

The improvement in resolution of climate models is :: has : always been mentioned as one of the most important factors when investigating past climatic conditions, : especially in order to evaluate and compare the results against proxy data. :::::: Despite :::: this, ::::: only ::: few ::::::: studies :::: have :::: tried ::: to :::::: directly ::::::: estimate ::: the ::::::: possible ::::::::: advantages ::: of ::::: highly ::::::: resolved :::::::::: simulations ::: for ::: the ::::: study :: of ::: past ::::::: climate
Risk Attitudes and Conflict in the Household

Risk attitudes are of central importance in individual and group decision-making. This paper studies risk attitudes in the household, and examines whether heterogeneity in risk attitudes within the household reduces marital surplus. Using a nationally representative sample with repeated measurements of risk attitudes, we show that intrahousehold heterogeneity in risk attitude is an economically and statistically significant predictor of future marital instability. Households that exhibit significant heterogeneity in risk attitudes are less likely to share public goods, consistent with heterogeneity in risk attitudes impairing the production of household public goods. Further, conditional on remaining married, risk attitudes converge within the household, indicating that the costs of heterogeneity may be reduced through preference assimilation. JEL classification: D13, D74, J12.
Benthic Algae and Macroinvertebrates in Response to Habitat Conditions and Site-Specific Fish Dominance: A Case Study of Lake Qarun, Egypt

Benthic algae and macroinvertebrates play important role in global functioning of aquatic food web. Their spatial and temporal distributions in relation to environmental variables and fish composition were the aims of this study. Both benthic groups of organisms were studied at 10 sites covering the whole area of Lake Qarun. Total of 164 algae species belonging to phyla: Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta, Miozoa (previously Dinophyta), Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Ochrophyta and Euglenozoa (previously Euglenophyta) were recorded. Macroinvertebrates communities consisted of 16 species representing phyla: Arthropoda, Annelida and Mollusca. The highest densities of benthic algae and macroinvertebrates were recorded in the middle sub-region of the lake in line with the co-domination of tilapias, mullets, soles and anchovy, whereas their lowest density at site 1 in the eastern area. The sites primarily located in the western sub-region with higher density of benthic organisms and domination of Mugil cephalus were distinctly separated from the other sites. Similar trend was in distribution of chlorophyll a content, which strongly correlated with density of benthic algae. Temporal distribution indicated higher algae density in spring and summer, and higher macroinvertebrates density in spring and autumn. The fish community’ composition was spatially and temporally different and environmental variables were more similarly distributed.
Odonto-Stomatologie Tropicale Mars-March 2014 Tropical Dental

Introduction: Treatment options for missing tooth/teeth which are mostly commonly caused dental caries, periodontitis and trauma include partial dentures, bridge and implant. In developing countries, missing tooth/teeth replacement constitutes a high unmet dental need. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of partial edentulism and prosthetic unmet dental needs among young adults in Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 244 medical students of college of medicine were recruited and studied using interviewer administered questionnaire which elicited information on sociodemographic, tooth loss and replacement. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 16.0 statistical software for windows. Results: There were 98 males (40.2%) and 146 females (59.8%). A total of 35 participants out of the 244 studied participants had missing tooth/teeth giving a prevalence of 14.3%. The major reason of tooth loss was caries (48.6%). The upper left (16.7%) and right (16.7%) had the highest tooth mortality. Of the 35 participants with missing teeth, 4 (11.4%) of had replacement while 31 (88.6%) did not have any form of replacement. The teeth replaced were upper right, left anterior (75%) and upper right posterior (25%). Reasons for non-replacement were not being bothered 14 (45.2%), ignorance of replacement therapy 7 (22.6%), misinformation 1 (3.2%) and lack of money 2 (6.5%). Those that replaced 4/42 (9.5%) did so with removable partial dentures (100%). The majority that replaced were females 3/4 (75%). Half (50%) of those that replaced were satisfied and the reasons for non-satisfaction were pain from denture and unnatural feel of denture. Conclusion: Data from this study revealed low prevalence of tooth loss with high unmet tooth replacement needs among the participants. Tooth/teeth replacement options should be incorporated in postoperative instructions after extraction and dental awareness should be improved among medical students.
University of Southern Denmark Effect of Teriparatide or Risedronate in Elderly Patients With a Recent Pertrochanteric Hip Fracture Final Results of a 78-Week Randomized Clinical Trial

We present final results of a study comparing teriparatide 20mg every day (QD) with risedronate 35mg once per week (QW) started within 2 weeks after surgery for a pertrochanteric hip fracture. Patients with BMD T-score –2.0 and 25OHD 9.2 ng/mL were randomized to receive 26-weekdouble-dummy treatment plus calciumandvitaminD, followedby52-weekopen-label treatmentwith the same assigned active drug. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in lumbar spine (LS) BMD at 78 weeks. Secondary and exploratory endpoints were change in BMD at the proximal femur, function, hip pain (Charnley score and 100mmVisual Analog Scale [VAS]), quality of life (Short Form-36), radiology outcomes, and safety. Data were analyzed with mixed models for repeated measures (MMRM) and logistic regression. Totally, 224 patients were randomized; 171 (teriparatide: 86) contributed to the efficacy analyses (mean SD age: 77 7.7 years, 77% females). Mean baseline LS, femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) T-scores were –2.16, –2.63, and –2.51, respectively. At 78weeks, BMD increased significantlymorewith teriparatide compared to risedronate at the LS (þ11.08%versus þ6.45%; p< 0.001) and FN (þ1.96% versus –1.19%; p1⁄4 0.003), with no significant between-group difference in TH BMD. Timed upand-go (TUG) test was significantly faster with teriparatide at 6, 12, 18, and 26 weeks (differences: –3.2 to –5.9 s; p1⁄4 0.045 for overall difference). Hip pain during TUG test by 100mm VAS was significantly lower with teriparatide at 18 weeks (adjusted difference: –11.3mm, p1⁄4 0.033; –10.0 and –9.3mm at 12 and 26 weeks, respectively; p1⁄4 0.079 for overall difference). Other secondary and exploratory outcomes were not different. Teriparatide group showed two new hip fractures versus seven with risedronate (p1⁄4 0.171) andmore frequent hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia. In conclusion, 78-week treatmentwith teriparatide showed significantly greater increases in LS andFNBMD, less pain, anda faster TUG test versus risedronate. © 2016American Society for Bone andMineral Research.
Gallbladder Perforation Due to Ascaris lumbricoides in a Pregnant Woman and 6 Year Old Girl from Afghanistan: Case Report

Ascariasis is an important and prevalent geo-helminth infection, especially in underdeveloped countries such as Afghanistan, where public health problems and devastation of hygienic infrastructures usually lead to the higher incidence of the infection. Here, we report two cases of intestinal obstruction that accompanied with biliary ascariasis due to Ascaris lumbercoides in pregnant women and a 6-year-old girl from Afghanistan. Biliary ascariasis can be associated with cystic duct obstruction, gallbladder dilation, acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, and biliary colic.
Mentally challenging occupations are associated with more rapid cognitive decline at later stages of cognitive aging.

OBJECTIVES Engaging in mentally challenging activities is associated with reduced risk for cognitive impairment and dementia; however, its association with rates of cognitive decline has been inconsistent. The aim of this study is to test whether working in mentally challenging occupations is related to rates of cognitive change at later older adulthood. METHOD The sample consisted of 1,520 individuals (baseline mean age=78.6±5.1, range=64 to 100) from the Einstein Aging Study. Occupation information of each participant was collected retrospectively and linked with the substantive complexity of work score from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Cognitive changes in memory, speed, and executive function (EF) domains were represented using two time metrics (i.e., time from retirement, time from study enrollment). RESULTS Results from mixed models showed that occupational complexity was associated with significantly faster rates of cognitive decline in speed and EF in the "time from retirement" model but not in the "time from baseline" model. Despite faster cognitive loss, the protective effect of occupational complexity persisted for decades after retirement due to higher initial levels of cognition. DISCUSSION The result suggests that protective factors for cognitive health may be associated with delayed onset but more rapid cognitive decline afterwards at later stages of cognitive aging.
Mammary Defences and Immunity against Mastitis in Sheep

Simple Summary The article reviews the defence mechanisms and the relevant processes that occur in the udder of sheep. Due to the importance of the udder in milk production, animals display many defences to protect the organ. These include the teats, the epithelial and the white-blood cells in the udder, the immunoglobulins and chemical substances that all participate in the various processes. These are influenced by many factors, animal- or management-regulated, which must be taken into account in the formulation of prevention schemes against mastitis in sheep. Abstract The objectives of this review paper are to present udder defences, including teat of the udder, mammary epithelial cells, leucocytes, immunoglobulins, complement system and chemical antibacterial agents, to describe cooperation and interactions between them and to elaborate on potentials regarding their significance in mammary immunisation strategies. The teat of the udder provides initial protection to the mammary gland. The mammary epithelial cells synthesise antibacterial proteins and the leucocytes produce various inflammation mediators (cytokines or chemokines), phagocytose bacteria and recognise antigenic structures. In the mammary gland, four immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA) have important roles against bacterial pathogens. The complement system is a collection of proteins, participating in the inflammatory process through various pathways. Other components contributing to humoral mammary defence include lactoferrin, lysozyme and the lactoperoxidase/myeloperoxidase systems, as well as oligosaccharides, gangliosides, reactive oxygen species, acute phase proteins (e.g., haptoglobin and serum amyloid A), ribonucleases and a wide range of antimicrobial peptides. Management practices, genetic variations and nutrition can influence mammary defences and should be taken into account in the formulation of prevention strategies against ovine mastitis.
Doppler Ultrasound Technology for Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: A Review

Fetal well-being is commonly assessed by monitoring the fetal heart rate (fHR). In clinical practice, the de facto standard technology for fHR monitoring is based on the Doppler ultrasound (US). Continuous monitoring of the fHR before and during labor is performed using a US transducer fixed on the maternal abdomen. The continuous fHR monitoring, together with simultaneous monitoring of the uterine activity, is referred to as cardiotocography (CTG). In contrast, for intermittent measurements of the fHR, a handheld Doppler US transducer is typically used. In this article, the technology of Doppler US for continuous fHR monitoring and intermittent fHR measurements is described, with emphasis on fHR monitoring for CTG. Special attention is dedicated to the measurement environment, which includes the clinical setting in which fHR monitoring is commonly performed. In addition, to understand the signal content of acquired Doppler US signals, the anatomy and physiology of the fetal heart and the surrounding maternal abdomen are described. The challenges encountered in these measurements have led to different technological strategies, which are presented and critically discussed, with a focus on the US transducer geometry, Doppler signal processing, and fHR extraction methods.
Biodistribution of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in Mice Atherosclerotic Model

Atherosclerosis is a major cardiovascular disease worldwide, that could benefit from innovative nanomedicine imaging tools and treatments. In this perspective, we here studied, by fluorescence imaging in ApoE-/- mice, the biodistribution of non-functionalized and RXP470.1-targeted nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) loaded with DiD dye. RXP470.1 specifically binds to MMP12, a metalloprotease that is over-expressed by macrophages residing in atherosclerotic plaques. Physico-chemical characterizations showed that RXP-NLC (about 105 RXP470.1 moieties/particle) displayed similar features as non-functionalized NLC in terms of particle diameter (about 60-65 nm), surface charge (about −5 — −10 mV), and colloidal stability. In vitro inhibition assays demonstrated that RXP-NLC conserved a selectivity and affinity profile, which favored MMP-12. In vivo data indicated that NLC and RXP-NLC presented prolonged blood circulation and accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions in a few hours. Twenty-four hours after injection, particle uptake in atherosclerotic plaques of the brachiocephalic artery was similar for both nanoparticles, as assessed by ex vivo imaging. This suggests that the RXP470.1 coating did not significantly induce an active targeting of the nanoparticles within the plaques. Overall, NLCs appeared to be very promising nanovectors to efficiently and specifically deliver imaging agents or drugs in atherosclerotic lesions, opening avenues for new nanomedicine strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
A Portal to Visualize Transcriptome Profiles in Mouse Models of Neurological Disorders

Target nomination for drug development has been a major challenge in the path to finding a cure for several neurological disorders. Comprehensive transcriptome profiles have revealed brain gene expression changes associated with many neurological disorders, and the functional validation of these changes is a critical next step. Model organisms are a proven approach for the elucidation of disease mechanisms, including screening of gene candidates as therapeutic targets. Frequently, multiple models exist for a given disease, creating a challenge to select the optimal model for validation and functional follow-up. To help in nominating the best mouse models for studying neurological diseases, we developed a web portal to visualize mouse transcriptomic data related to neurological disorders. Users can examine gene expression changes across mouse model studies to help select the optimal mouse model for further investigation. The portal provides access to mouse studies related to Alzheimer’s diseases (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), and models related to aging.
In situ tissue engineering of the tendon-to-bone interface by endogenous stem/progenitor cells

The long-term success of surgical repair of rotator cuff tears is largely dependent on restoration of a functional tendon-to-bone interface. We implemented micro-precise spatiotemporal delivery of growth factors in three-dimensional printed scaffolds for integrative regeneration of a fibrocartilaginous tendon-to-bone interface. Sustained and spatially controlled release of tenogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic growth factors was achieved using microsphere-based delivery carriers embedded in thin membrane-like scaffolds. In vitro, the scaffolds embedded with spatiotemporal delivery of growth factors successfully guided regional differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells, forming multiphase tissues with tendon-like, cartilage-like and bone-like regions. In vivo, when implanted at the interface between the supraspinatus tendon and the humeral head in a rat rotator cuff repair model, these scaffolds promoted recruitment of endogenous tendon progenitor cells followed by integrative healing of tendon and bone via re-formation of strong fibrocartilaginous interfaces. Our findings demonstrate the potential of in situ tissue engineering of tendon-to-bone interfaces by endogenous progenitor cells. The in situ tissue engineering approach shows translational potential for improving outcomes after rotator cuff repair.
Health-related quality of life among patients with hypertension: population-based survey using EQ-5D-5L in Hong Kong SAR, China

Objectives To evaluate the effect of hypertension and related comorbidities on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EuroQol 5-dimensions instrument with five-level scale (EQ-5D-5L) Hong Kong (HK) version. Design Data were analysed by a secondary data analysis based on a cross-sectional study assessing experience on public specialist outpatient service. Setting A representative sample was recruited from 26 specialist outpatient clinics in HK. Participants A total of 4528 patients with hypertension aged 18 or above who responded to the survey. Intervention EQ-5D-5L HK was applied to assess the HRQoL. The five-dimension descriptive system and the utility index of EQ-5D-5L were treated as the dependent variable in the current study. Regression modelling was applied to estimate the effect of hypertension and related comorbidities on health-related quality of life. Results More respondents were women (53.9%), aged ≥65 years old (60.1%), and with primary educational attainment or below (52.3%). A total of 1466 respondents (32.4%) also reported suffering from diabetes, heart disease (20.8%), vision problem (1.7%) and cancer (1.5%). In the ordinal least squares model, utility decreased most when patients reported having physical disability associated with hypertension (beta=−0.395, SE=0.047), and 0.128, 0.064, 0.05 and 0.048 for mental problem, cancer, vision problem and heart problem. In the Tobit model, the utility reduced most for comorbidity of physical disability, and then mental problem, cancer, vision problem, heart problem and diabetes. For first part of two-part model, respondents coliving with mental problem were 10% less likely to report a full health. For the second part of two-part model, the respondents with physical disability had 0.294 lower in utility. Conclusions Respondents with hypertension reported a low EQ-5D utility score. Respondents were women, with a high education, fully employed and living with families reported better HRQoL. There is a significant effect of comorbidity influence on the decreased HRQoL, particularly those with physical disability and mental problem.