Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Distribution of Multipliers in a Networked Economy and Topology-Induced Negative Multipliers

We have a collection of N agents and an outside entity that is interested in the population's aggregate action. The outside entity would like to enact a policy with the intention of increasing the aggregate action; for example, if the outside entity were a national government, it might be interested in enacting a policy that increases aggregate output and stimulates economic growth. The policy of the outside entity allocates epsilon &gt; 0 units of additional wealth to n &lt;= N agents, funded either by internal transfer or by an external source. Our outside entity would like to know the exact effect of its planned policy on the aggregate action, and it would like to know the corresponding economic multiplier, that is, the change in the aggregate action from the epsilon shock. Now, even though the setting is simple, the effect is complicated: the population of agents is networked; agents' actions are interdependent, so depending on which subset of agents actually receives the positive shock, the change in the aggregate action and the corresponding economic multiplier can both widely differ. In this work, we consider three broad settings with network-based interaction: (1) networked environments with strategic complements and substitutes, (2) networked environments with coordination and anti-coordination, and (3) networked environments with production. We show how there is an entire distribution of possible aggregate actions and economic multipliers associated with a particular policy: given n, for each environment, we map the topology of agents' interaction network to the distribution of possible resulting aggregate actions and economic multipliers. The mathematics is the same across all three environments. We can compute the features of these distributions in closed-form, including the maximum and minimum possible aggregate actions and economic multipliers for a particular network topology. We can also rank networks so that the outside entity's policy is more effective the higher ranked the network. We show how non-trivial network topologies generate negative multipliers. Across all three settings, there is a non-zero probability that the enacted policy will reduce the aggregate action below its no-intervention level, and we can compute this probability in closed form.
Maternal Schooling, Public Health Programmes and Child Morbidity in Nigeria

The role of investment in human resources and subsequent multiplier on the economic growth of any nation has been adequately addressed in the literature. Education, a major investment in human resources helps in improving the productivity of labour in the labour market and also in influencing children mental alertness and health outcomes. Maternal education and public health programmes have been found to impact positively on child morbidity in developed countries thereby contributing to the growth of any economy, which will bring about sustainable development and inclusive growth. This work therefore examines the influence of maternal education and public health programmes on child health (morbidity) in Nigeria using the Harmonised Nigeria Living Standard Survey (2009). Descriptive Statistics and two stage least square estimation procedure were used to analyse the data. The results revealed a negative relationship between child immunisation and child health (morbidity) in Nigeria. Equally, the study found out that improving girl child education will go a long way in improving child morbidity. Based on our findings, the study recommends adequate publicity for public health programmes. Also, household income enhancing interventions should be put in place, doing this will go a long way in improving child health and survival, which in the long-run will improve per-capita income and consumption.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Catalytic Properties, and Luminescent of a Novel Eu(III) Complex Material with 4-Imidazolecarboxaldehyde-pyridine-2-carbohydrazone

A novel Eu(III) complex, [Eu(L) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]·(NO 3 )·(H 2 O) 4 (1) (H 2 L = 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde-pyridine-2-carbohydrazide), was synthesized. Its structure has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Complex 1 is of orthorhombic, space group Fdd2 with a = 29.471(6) A˚, b = 10.287(2) A˚, c = 24.340(5) A˚, V = 7379(3) A˚3, Z = 8, Mr = 902.58, Dc = 1.625 µg·m -3 , µ = 1.789 mm -1 , F(000) = 3656, GOOF = 1.099, the final R= 0.0517, ωR= 0.1292 for 3043 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The A 3 coupling reaction has been investigated using the complex 1 as catalyst. The luminescent spectrum of the complex 1 gives two weak peaks (448 nm and 491 nm) and two strong peaks (596 nm and 620 nm) from excitation at 279 nm. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reserved. Received: 11 st November 2016; Revised: 10 th February 2017; Accepted: 23 rd February 2017 How to Cite: Wang, L.H. , Liang, L. , Li, P.F. (2017). Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Catalytic Properties, and Luminescent of a Novel Eu(III) Complex Material with 4-Imidazolecarboxaldehyde-pyridine-2-carbohydrazone. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis , 12 (2): 185-190 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.764.185-190) Permalink/DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.9767/bcrec.12. 2.764. 185-190
Time-varying managerial overconfidence and corporate debt maturity structure

ABSTRACT We examine the impact of managerial overconfidence on corporate debt maturity. We build upon the argument that managerial overconfidence is likely to mitigate the underinvestment problem, which is often the major concern for long-term debt investors. Within this context, we hypothesise that managerial overconfidence increases debt maturity. Our empirical evidence, based on time-varying measures of overconfidence derived from computational linguistic analysis and directors’ dealings in their own companies’ shares, supports this hypothesis. Specifically, we find that the changes in both first person singular pronouns and optimistic tone are positively related to the change in debt maturity. Moreover, we find that the insider trading-based overconfidence of CEO, who is most likely to influence investment decision and thus the underinvestment problem, has a stronger impact on debt maturity than the overconfidence of other directors (e.g. CFO). Overall, our study provides initial evidence for a positive overconfidence-debt maturity relation via overconfidence mitigating the agency cost of long-term debt.
Learning Versatile Filters for Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks

This paper introduces versatile filters to construct efficient convolutional neural network. Considering the demands of efficient deep learning techniques running on cost-effective hardware, a number of methods have been developed to learn compact neural networks. Most of these works aim to slim down filters in different ways, e.g., investigating small, sparse or binarized filters. In contrast, we treat filters from an additive perspective. A series of secondary filters can be derived from a primary filter. These secondary filters all inherit in the primary filter without occupying more storage, but once been unfolded in computation they could significantly enhance the capability of the filter by integrating information extracted from different receptive fields. Besides spatial versatile filters, we additionally investigate versatile filters from the channel perspective. The new techniques are general to upgrade filters in existing CNNs. Experimental results on benchmark datasets and neural networks demonstrate that CNNs constructed with our versatile filters are able to achieve comparable accuracy as that of original filters, but require less memory and FLOPs.
Element flux to the environment of the passively degassing crater lake-hosting Kawah Ijen volcano, Indonesia, and implications for estimates of the global volcanic flux

Abstract Volcanoes play an important role in the global cycling of elements by providing a pathway from the deep Earth to its surface. Here, we have constrained the flux to the environment for most elements of the periodic table for the passively degassing, crater lake-hosting Kawah Ijen volcano in the Indonesian arc. Our results indicate that emissions of Kawah Ijen are dominated by acid water outflow, especially for the ligands (Cl, F, Br), with active fumaroles contributing significant (semi)metals (e.g. Se, As, Sb, Hg), as well as C and S. The compositional signature of emissions from Kawah Ijen is similar to that of major volcanic emitters such as Etna, but element fluxes are smaller. This result provides the prerequisite foundation for extrapolating a small set of measured volcanic gas emissions to a global volcanic flux estimate. However, the aqueous flux (i.e. seepage of volcanic hydrothermal fluids and volcano-influenced groundwater) is at least as important in terms of element release, and the consideration of the gaseous flux alone thus represents a significant underestimate of the impact of volcanoes on their environment and the contribution of volcanic hydrothermal systems to global element cycling. Supplementary material: The full datasets of water and fumarole gas chemical analyses are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.2134359
The impact of a large rice price increase on welfare and poverty in Bangladesh

This paper studies the e ect of a sharp rice price increase on welfare and poverty in Bangladesh. We employ household expenditure information to estimate the welfare loss in- duced by the price increase. Our ndings suggest that we underestimate the proportionate welfare loss for the rice producing households and overestimate that of the households who do not produce rice, if we ignore indirect e ects arising from a change in household consump- tion and production behaviour. Our estimates further support the hypothesis of a quadratic relationship between welfare loss and permanent household income. We also demonstrate that higher rice prices either increase or decrease the poverty head-count ratio, depending on the choice of the poverty line. However, if we consider the per capita income gap as a measure of poverty, we always observe that higher rice prices unambiguously increase poverty.
A 3000-Year Record of Ground-Rupturing Earthquakes along the Central North Anatolian Fault near Lake Ladik, Turkey

The North Anatolian fault (NAF) is a similar to 1500 km long, arcuate, dextral strike-slip fault zone in northern Turkey that extends from the Karliova triple junction to the Aegean Sea. East of Bolu, the fault zone exhibits evidence of a sequence of large (M(w) > 7) earthquakes that occurred during the twentieth century that displayed a migrating earthquake sequence from east to west. Prolonged human occupation in this region provides an extensive, but not exhaustive, historical record of large earthquakes prior to the twentieth century that covers much of the last 2000 yr. In this study, we extend our knowledge of rupture events in the region by evaluating the stratigraphy and chronology of sediments exposed in a paleoseismic trench across a splay of the NAF at Destek, similar to 6: 5 km east of Lake Ladik (40.868 degrees N, 36.121 degrees E). The trenched fault strand forms an uphill-facing scarp and associated sediment trap below a small catchment area. The trench exposed a narrow fault zone that has juxtaposed a sequence of weakly defined paleosols interbedded with colluvium against highly fractured bedrock. We mapped magnetic susceptibility variations on the trench walls and found evidence for multiple visually unrecognized colluvial wedges. This technique was also used to constrain a predominantly dip-slip style of displacement on this fault splay. Sediments exposed in the trench were dated using both charcoal and terrestrial gastropod shells to constrain the timing of the earthquake events. While the gastropod shells consistently yielded (14)C ages that were too old (by similar to 900 yr), we obtained highly reliable (14)C ages from the charcoal by dating multiple components of the sample material. Our radiocarbon chronology constrains the timing of seven large earthquakes over the past 3000 yr prior to the 1943 Tosya earthquake, including event ages of (2 sigma error): A. D. 1437-1788, A. D. 1034-1321, A. D. 549-719, A. D. 17-585 (1-3 events), 35 B. C. -A. D. 28, 700-392 B. C. , 912-596 B. C. Our results indicate an average interevent time of 385 +/- 166 degrees yr (1 sigma).
The Impact of Teenage Pregnancy on Maternal , Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes

Adolescent pregnancy is common health problem still found in both developed and developing countries; as adolescent may have early sexual practice or early marriage. Adolescent mothers face substantially higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality than adult women. This is a randomized prospective clinical study conducted at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. The objective of this work is to assess the adverse maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes in early and late teenage pregnant mothers. Study sample consisted of 220 primigravid women with a singleton, cephalic, viable fetus and no congenital abnormality that gave birth at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. The 1stgroup: early teenage (46 women between 11-14 years), the 2nd group: late teenage (74 women between 15-19 years) and the 3rdgroup: control group (100 women between 20-29 years). Pregnancy outcomes were observed for mothers: mode and duration of labor, post-partum hemorrhage and endometritis and for neonates: gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, admission to neonatal care unit and neonatal outcome. Anemia was the only significant medical complication associated with pregnancy that was observed in both teenage groups (P-value=0.0001). Prolonged labor, postpartum hemorrhage and blood transfusion all were significantly higher in teenage groups (P-value=0.019, 0.0001 and 0.0001 successively). Adolescents showed lower birth weights as compared to adults (mean birth weight was 2.8kg, 2.98kg in both teenage groups and 3.98kg in the control group), Lower Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5minute (P-value=0.001 and 0.023 successively). Adolescent births were associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery (P-value=0.0001).
Instrumento para aferir a satisfação do paciente com a assistência fisioterapêutica na rede pública de saúde

O proposito deste estudo foi desenvolver e validar um instrumento de medida da satisfacao do paciente com a assistencia fisioterapeutica ambulatorial no servico publico de saude e identificar as dimensoes emergentes do construto “satisfacao do paciente”. Relata-se desde o levantamento dos possiveis indicadores de satisfacao, passando por uma aplicacao piloto, a aplicacao a uma amostra de pacientes, ate a analise das propriedades psicometricas do instrumento final. A adequacao cultural foi avaliada em dois paineis de juizes, com profissionais credenciados e usuarios do servico. A amostra compos-se de 124 pacientes que recebiam assistencia fisioterapeutica na rede publica de saude em Natal, RN. Na analise da confiabilidade e validade dos resultados obtidos, o alfa de Cronbach (a=0,95) demonstrou elevada consistencia interna do instrumento. A validade do conteudo foi considerada regular segundo padroes psicometricos da satisfacao do paciente com a fisioterapia. A analise fatorial dos resultados indicou a presenca de cinco dimensoes, das quais aquela relativa a interacao terapeuta-paciente e a que reune os principais preditores da satisfacao do paciente. Este instrumento, ora tornado disponivel a populacao e aos gestores de saude, configura-se uma ferramenta util para a otimizacao da satisfacao do paciente que busca a assistencia fisioterapeutica de qualidade na rede publica de saude.
Racial Disparities in the Receipt of Guideline Care and Cancer Deaths for Women with Ovarian Cancer

Background: Black women with ovarian cancer experience worse survival than white women. Receipt of guideline care improves survival, yet care may vary by race. We assessed rates of guideline care and role of guideline treatment on survival disparities. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis used the NCI's Patterns of Care data for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer, 2002 and 2011 (weighted n = 3,999), with follow-up through December 12, 2014. Logistic regression included patient characteristics, insurance, and gynecologic oncologist (GO) consultation to produce adjusted standardized percentages of women receiving guideline treatment by race. Cox proportional hazards analysis assessed risk of ovarian cancer death. Results: Guideline care was significantly lower for black women compared with white women (adjusted 27.5% vs. 34.1%). Increased receipt of guideline care was associated with GO consultation, younger ages, stage, and insurance. Rates of GO consultation were comparable for black and white women, approximately 60%. Black women were more likely to receive no surgery or no chemotherapy if they did not consult a GO. The unadjusted death risk was significantly higher in black women (HR = 1.33). After adjusting for receipt of guideline care and other factors, black and white women had similar risk of death (HR = 1.05). Conclusions: Race was not associated with risk of death when guideline care was included in multivariate survival models. However, black patients received less guideline care. GO consultation significantly increased receipt of guideline care. Impact: Research is needed to understand treatment perspectives for black patients and their providers to increase the receipt of guideline care and reduce survival disparities.
Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions

Would you like to use a consistent visual notation for drawing integration solutions? Look inside the front cover. Do you want to harness the power of asynchronous systems without getting caught in the pitfalls? See "Thinking Asynchronously" in the Introduction. Do you want to know which style of application integration is best for your purposes? See Chapter 2, Integration Styles. Do you want to learn techniques for processing messages concurrently? See Chapter 10, Competing Consumers and Message Dispatcher. Do you want to learn how you can track asynchronous messages as they flow across distributed systems? See Chapter 11, Message History and Message Store. Do you want to understand how a system designed using integration patterns can be implemented using Java Web services, . NET message queuing, and a TIBCO-based publish-subscribe architecture? See Chapter 9, Interlude: Composed Messaging.Utilizing years of practical experience, seasoned experts Gregor Hohpe and Bobby Woolf show how asynchronous messaging has proven to be the best strategy for enterprise integration success. However, building and deploying messaging solutions presents a number of problems for developers. Enterprise Integration Patterns provides an invaluable catalog of sixty-five patterns, with real-world solutions that demonstrate the formidable of messaging and help you to design effective messaging solutions for your enterprise.The authors also include examples covering a variety of different integration technologies, such as JMS, MSMQ, TIBCO ActiveEnterprise, Microsoft BizTalk, SOAP, and XSL. A case study describing a bond trading system illustrates the patterns in practice, and the book offers a look at emerging standards, as well as insights into what the future of enterprise integration might hold.This book provides a consistent vocabulary and visual notation framework to describe large-scale integration solutions across many technologies. It also explores in detail the advantages and limitations of asynchronous messaging architectures. The authors present practical advice on designing code that connects an application to a messaging system, and provide extensive information to help you determine when to send a message, how to route it to the proper destination, and how to monitor the health of a messaging system. If you want to know how to manage, monitor, and maintain a messaging system once it is in use, get this book. 0321200683B09122003
Physician Financial Incentives and Cesarean Delivery: New Conclusions from Used Data

This paper replicates Gruber, Kim, and Mayzlin's (1999) analysis of the effect of physician financial incentives on cesarean delivery rates, using their data, sample selection criteria, and specification. It cannot replicate the results: there are substantial differences in the sample size, the values of some key independent variables, and the estimated effects. Furthermore, coincident trends help explain their estimated positive relation between fees and cesarean utilization. These data ultimately indicate that a $1000 increase, in current dollars, in the reimbursement for a cesarean section increases cesarean delivery rates by about one percentage point, one-quarter of the effect estimated originally.
How are different levels of knowledge about physical activity associated with physical activity behaviour in Australian adults?

People with knowledge of the benefits of physical activity tend to be more active; however, such knowledge is typically operationalized as a basic understanding that physical activity is ‘good’ for health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in how detailed a person’s knowledge is about the benefits of physical activity. Participants (N = 615) completed an online survey to measure their current physical activity behaviour, as well as their level of knowledge of the benefits and risks of physical (in)activity. The majority of participants (99.6%) strongly agreed that physical activity is good for health, however on average, participants only identified 13.8 out of 22 diseases associated with physical inactivity and over half of participants (55.6%) could not identify how much physical activity is recommended for health benefits. Furthermore, 45% of the participants overestimated, 9% underestimated and 27% did not know the increased risk of disease resulting from inactivity as indicated by the Australian Department of Health. Participants were significantly more active when they correctly identified more diseases associated with physical inactivity and when they overestimated the risks associated with inactivity. Therefore, health promotion initiatives should increase knowledge of the types of diseases associated with inactivity. Low knowledge of physical activity guidelines suggest they should be promoted more, as this knowledge provides guidance on frequency, types and duration of physical activity needed for health.