Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Search for cold and hot gas in the ram pressure stripped Virgo dwarf galaxy IC 3418

We present IRAM 30 m sensitive upper limits on CO emission in the ram pressure stripped dwarf Virgo galaxy IC 3418 and in a few positions covering H ii regions in its prominent 17 kpc UV/Hα gas-stripped tail. In the central few arcseconds of the galaxy, we report a possible marginal detection of about 1 × 10 6 Mof molecular gas (assuming a Galactic CO-to-H2 conversion factor) that could correspond to a surviving nuclear gas reservoir. We estimate that there is less molecular gas in the main body of IC 3418, by at least a factor of 20, than would be expected from the pre-quenching UV-based star formation rate assuming the typical gas depletion timescale of 2 Gyr. Given the lack of star formation in the main body, we think the H2-deficiency is real, although some of it may also arise from a higher CO-to-H2 factor typical in low-metallicity, low-mass galaxies. The presence of H ii regions in the tail of IC 3418 suggests that there must be some dense gas; however, only upper limits of <1 × 10 6 Mwere found in the three observed points in the outer tail. This yields an upper limit on the molecular gas content of the whole tail <1 × 10 7 M� , which is an amount similar to the estimates from the observed star formation rate over the tail. We also present strong upper limits on the X-ray emission of the stripped gas in IC 3418 from a new Chandra observation. The measured X-ray luminosity of the IC 3418 tail is about 280 times lower than that of ESO 137-001, a spiral galaxy in a more distant cluster with a prominent ram pressure stripped tail. Non-detection of any diffuse X-ray emission in the IC 3418 tail may be due to a low gas content in the tail associated with its advanced evolutionary state and/or due to a rather low thermal pressure of the surrounding intra-cluster medium.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ordinary: Anti-Social Behavior in Profit and Non-Profit Organizations

Intrinsic motivation of workers may arise from different individual motives. While some workers care about the mission of an organization and derive an intrinsic benefit from advancing this mission ("good" workers), others derive pleasure from some form of destructive or anti-social behavior ("bad" workers). We show that mission-oriented organizations can take advantage of the intrinsic motivation of good workers. Compared to profit-oriented organizations, lower bonus payments and lower monitoring are necessary in order to achieve a high output. However, as soon as there are bad workers, mission-oriented organizations may become more vulnerable to their anti-social behavior than profit-oriented organizations. We analyze the optimal wage contracts and monitoring levels for both types of organization and discuss appropriate measures of ex ante candidate screening to overcome the problems caused by bad workers.
Determination of the natural mortality factors of Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Adana Province, Turkey

In this study, natural mortality factors of Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were investigated under field conditions. The studies were carried out in a lemon orchard in Adana, Turkey during 2007-2008. Ten trees were selected and weekly one shoot from each tree, and a total of ten shoots, were collected randomly during May-November. In the laboratory, the first 15 leaves were checked using a binocular microscope. All biological stages of the pest and the parasitoids, dead or infected individuals, and empty mines, were counted. According to the method and symptoms of predation, the mortality factors of the pest were recorded. In 2007 and 2008, large numbers of larvae were parasitized (46.25% and 48.12%, respectively). The larval parasitoid Citrostichus phyllocnistoides Narayanan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was the abundant species in both years. The third instar of the host had the highest percent of parasitized individuals. In the first year, 15.33% of the pest were consumed by spiders, 10.07% by Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and 3.14% by ants, whereas in the second year these ratios were 16.61%, 8.57% and 3.78%, respectively. Second instar larvae were the most preferred stage for predation. In 2007, in 13.66% of the mines no pests were recorded, whereas the mortality source of 5.19% of the larvae and pupae was not detected. In 2008, these ratios were 10.21% and 6.87%, respectively. It was determined that predators are as effective as the parasitoids in the biological control of the pest.
Place Effects on Alcohol Consumption: A Literature Review

Background and purpose of study: Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the ways in which features of residential environments influence health outcomes and health related behaviours. This paper reviews the literature which examines how features of places influence individual alcohol consumption. Gaps for further research are identified. Method: Research was selected which examined any feature of a residential neighbourhood and how it influenced alcohol consumption including alcohol access. This review was undertaken using search engines and databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest and Web of Science. Of 1,821 articles examined, 64 met the above criterion and were included. Results: There are a range of social and physical characteristics of neighbourhoods that are associated with alcohol consumption. These include area-level socio-economic status, neighbourhood stress, social capital and cohesion, cultural context, retail outlets and advertising. These place effects are examined at different scales ranging from regional (e.g. state level) to census tracts or meshblocks. Conclusion: The review provided evidence of how place features influence alcohol consumption and recommended further research. There is a need for focussed attention on a few areas: understanding the mechanism of place effects; deciding on scale of measurement; examining more than one neighbourhood characteristic; and taking greater advantage of natural experiments.
Çocuk Acil Kliniğine Başvuran Adli Vakaların Değerlendirilmesi

Giris: Cocukluk caginda meydana gelen adli olaylar tum dunyada onlenebilir saglik sorunlarinin basinda yer almaktadir. Bu calismada cocuk acil klinigine basvuran, major travma disi adli vaka olarak degerlendirilen hastalarin klinik ve demografik ozelliklerinin ve tedavi yaklasimlarinin degerlendirilmesi amaclanmistir. Yontemler: Cocuk acil tip klinigimize Eylul 2015-Eylul 2016 tarihleri arasinda basvuran 18 yas alti 39756 hastadan, adli vaka olarak kabul edilen 683 hastanin dosyalari retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Adli olarak degerlendirilen 683 hastanin yas araligi 0-17 yil arasinda olup, tum olgularin yas ortalamasi 5,82±4,7 yil olarak bulundu. Erkek cocuklarin yas ortalamasi 6,37±5,1 yil iken kiz cocuklarin yas ortalamasi 5,36±4,3 yil olarak tespit edildi. Cocuk acile gelen adli olgularin 316’sinin kiz (%46,3) ve 367’sinin erkek (%53,7) oldugu tespit edildi. Adli olaylarin dagilimini inceledigimizde en fazla intoksikasyon vakalarinin (n: 260, %38,1) goruldugu tespit edildi. Olaylarin yas gruplarina gore dagilimi incelendiginde intoksikasyon vakalarinin %77,7’sinin 5 yas altinda, oz kiyim vakalarinin %76,9’unun 15 yas ustunde, yabanci cisim yutma vakalarinin %62,3’unun ve yabanci cisim aspirasyonu vakalarinin %90,5’inin 5 yas altinda, uyusturucu kullanimi vakalarinin %89,5’inin en sik 15 yas ustunde goruldugu tespit edildi. Sonuc: Tum dunyada oldugu gibi ulkemizde de kazalar ve intoksikasyon vakalari, onlenebilir olum nedenlerinin basinda gelmektedir. Bu tur olaylarin azaltilabilmesi icin cocuklarin yasadigi cevrelerde ve evde guvenlik icin gerekli duzenlemeler yapilmali, guvenligi saglamak icin gerektiginde uygun guvenlik araclari kullanilmalidir. Ayrica egitimciler ve saglik profesyonelleri tarafindan cocuklara ve ebeveynlere yaralanma korunma programlari cercevesinde duzenli egitimler verilmelidir.
Women in nontraditional occupations: choice and turnover.

This report uses National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Labor Market Behavior (NSL) 1979-1983 interviews of youth ages 14-21 to identify factors that predispose young women to choose and remain in sex atypical military and civilian jobs. The authors hypothesize that how high school girls expect to allocate their time in adulthood between the labor force and work in the home predicts their occupational traditionality at age 35. The authors confirm hypotheses related to marital and childbearing expectations socioeconomic background academic ability and mothers occupation with ordinary least squares regression and logit models. Findings show that as girls increase their planned commitments to the labor force relative to the home occupational choice traditionality decreases and the chances of choosing traditionally male occupations increase. Girls with higher ability and girls from female headed households more often choose traditionally male jobs. Traditional jobs for the workers sex do not influence job turnover. Generally job attractiveness benefits pay raise possibilities union representation few health hazards short travel time and job tenure reduce turnover. Turnover increases for women aspiring to higher educational attainment for those in civilian jobs (but not in the military) for women who married or gave birth during the year and for women in higher income households. Results from the study with important policy implications are that: 1) women enlisted in the armed forces do not differ from men in their turnover rates and have lower turnover than their civilian counterparts; 2) job traditionality basically does not affect job turnover; and 3) any effect job traditionality may have occurs more within mixed jobs in the civilian labor force than in the military.
Does Government Health Insurance Reduce Job Lock and Job Push ?

I study job lock and job push, the twin phenomena believed to be caused by employmentcontingent health insurance (ECHI). Using variation in Medicaid eligibility among household members of male workers as a proxy for shifts in workers dependence on employment for health insurance, I estimate large job lock and job push effects. For married workers, Medicaid eligibility for one household member results in an increase in the likelihood of a voluntary job exit over a four-month period by approximately 34%. For job push, the transition rate into jobs with ECHI among all workers falls on average by 26%.
Combining pedestrian simulation with a network flow optimization to support security staff in handling an evacuation of a soccer stadium

In our contribution, we present a technique to route virtual pedestrians in a microscopic pedestrian simulation according to an optimal macroscopic dynamic network flow. The objective is to support security staff in planning and handling of major events by providing recommended distribution ratios at walkway junctions. Guiding pedestrians according to these distribution ratios helps to reduce the overall evacuation time by avoiding congested areas and thus preventing potentially dangerous situations upfront. We apply our approach on a real-world scenario, namely the surroundings of a soccer stadium, where we compare simulation results gained with and without an integrated optimization algorithm.
Laser Processing of Tungsten Powder with Femtosecond Laser Radiation

Laser irradiation of dispensed tungsten powder layer s with grain sizes smaller than 1 μm was investigated using high-repetition femtosecond lase r systems. Laser processing was performed line by line with repetition rates of 1 MHz and varying parameters such as laser power, processing speed, number of scans and pressure. In addition to the ex p cted material ablation and melting, novel phenomena such as crystallisation, emergence of ripple structures, extensive agglomeration and the formation of nano-wires will be discussed qualitati vely with the help of SEM photographs. Dependence on light pressure, pulse overlap and irradiate energy per unit section will be demonstrated. High-resolution microstructures will be discussed a s a first application of innovative laser microsintering technology using high-repetition femtosecond laser pulses.
Development and processing of a novel food product for a school feeding project in South Africa.

Objectives The aim of this project was to develop a nutritious novel food product that was acceptable to children, rich in energy, protein and micronutrients. This product had to be affordable, cost effective and easy to prepare by the caregivers, using locally available raw materials, with minimal waste and no need for specified fortification or enrichment. Study design This was an experimental study in which a novel food product was developed according to specific criteria. Methods The product developed was a nutritious vetkoek (a bread type cake fried in oil). A chemical food analysis was done to compare the theoretical and actual nutrient content. Acceptance testing and a shelf life analysis were conducted. Results In the sensory acceptance testing 65% of the consumers liked the vetkoek very much and 90% found it to be acceptable for inclusion in a school feeding program. The vetkoek was developed at a cost of R1.51 per day for a 120g portion and contributed to the nutrient intake of that group of children by 21.6% for energy, 14.4% for calcium, 141% for iron, 62.42% for zinc, 17.75% for vitamin A. The vetkoek stored at room temperature (25 oC) had a two day shelf life. Conclusions This study confirms that an affordable, safe and acceptable novel food product can be developed to be used as part of a school feeding scheme.
EFFECT OF THE pH OF ARTIFICIAL SALIVA ON ION RELEASE FROM COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM

Due to their excellent characteristics, such as chemical inertness, mechanical resistance, low Young’s modulus, high corrosion resistance, and outstanding biocompatibility, titanium and its alloys are the most used metallic materials for biomedical applications. In dental practice, these materials have demonstrated success as biomedical devices which are used for repairing and replacing failed hard tissue. However, the oral cavity is constantly subjected to the changes in the pH value changes and such an environment is strongly corrosive for titanium dental implants. The objective of this study was to examine ion release from commercially pure titanium (cpTi) in artificial saliva with different pH values (4.0, 5.5 and 7.5). The concentrations of released titanium ions were determined after 1, 3 and 6 weeks using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry. The results indicate that the ion release from commercially pure titanium in the artificial saliva is dependent both on the pH of artificial saliva and duration of immersion. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III46010 i br. ON 174004]
Macro-, micro- and trace elements concentrations in mother's and newborn's hair and its impact on pregnancy outcome: a review

The 21th century, together with the successes of global civilization, forced upon us the life style dominated by developments of science and industry. We forget, that the body itself knows what is necessary for it to survive. Our health conditions and mood are affected by innumerable biochemical and physicochemical processes taking place in billions of cells. The human metabolism is determined by the consumed food and eliminated waste products of metabolism. It depends entirely on us whether the food we deliver to our organism contains all macro and microelements, necessary for the normal course of metabolism. During pregnancy macro-, micro- and trace elements are indispensable for life maintenance for the women and for the fetus. Intrauterine fetal growth is associated with maternal macro-, micro- and trace elements status. Many studies tried to explore the relationship between macro-, micro- and trace element status in pregnant women and their newborn and its impact on the pregnancy outcome. Some of them investigated the relationship between development of IUGR, onset of preeclampsia and maternal and newborn macro-, micro-and trace elements status. There have been a few reports on determination of macro-, micro- and trace elements levels in maternal, umbilical cord and fetal blood. Blood samples analysis is often difficult in newborn because of small amount of circulating blood. Concentration of trace elements in the blood often does not provide a complete picture of the content of these elements in the organism. This is caused by the fact, that the composition of plasma in large measure depends on homeostatic mechanisms and the final concentration of components is a result of balancing of their concentrations by various homeostatic mechanisms. It has been proved, that the best method of determining the quantity of trace elements in human body is evaluating their concentration in hair. The currently used methods of evaluating the concentration of over 30 trace elements in hair show high sensitiveness. Hair can be easily collected, stored and constitute a good source for determination of many elements during one analysis. So far, only few studies focused on relationship between maternal and newborn hair levels of trace elements and perinatal outcome. The results of these studies could put a new light on our understanding of pathomechanisms of various perinatal and neonatal complications.
The Relationships of the Puerto Rican Anolis: Electrophoretic and Karyotypic Studies

Relationships of the Puerto Rican anoles were investigated through both phenetic and clad- istic treatments of two independently generated multi-locus allozyme data sets. These findings are compared with a phylogeny developed from pre- viously reported karyotypic data. Phylogenetic treatment of the data supports a rather conventional view of the relationships of the Puerto Rican ano- line radiation. There is electrophoretic support for the recognition of three major karyotypically limited lineages: 1) Anolis evermanni and A. stratulus; 2) A. cooki and A. cristatellus; and 3) A. gundlachi, A. poncensis, A. pulchellus, and A. krugi, although A. gundlachi clusters with the latter group based on a karyotypic rather than any elec- trophoretic character. Within the third lineage, A. poncensis is the sister-taxon of a group comprised of A. krugi and A. pulchellus, and these three "grass- bush" anoles are in a sister group relationship to A. gundlachi.
Species richness and nest dispersion of some tropical meliponine bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) in six habitat types in the Kakamega forest, western Kenya

A study to determine the species richness and spatial distribution of five meliponine bee species in three different habitats in the Kakamega forest was undertaken for the first time. Two forest (indigenous and mixed indigenous) and two grassland (with Eucalyptus spp. trees and indigenous trees) types, along with homesteads (in the vicinity of mixed indigenous forest and indigenous forest, respectively), were surveyed. Line transect methods were used in the nest survey in each habitat. The highest number of species was recorded in the indigenous forest, while no nest was discovered in the grassland with Eucalyptus spp. trees. The mean number of nests per transect was higher in homesteads followed by the indigenous forest. The nesting pattern of almost all species nesting in the indigenous forest, mixed indigenous forest (Meliponula bocandei [Spinola]) and grassland with indigenous tree species (Meliponula ferruginea [Lepeletier] reddish brown) was dispersed. The nesting pattern of M. ferruginea (reddish brown) and Hypotrigona gribodoi (Magretti) changed from a dispersed and random pattern, respectively, to a clumped nesting pattern when nesting in homesteads. The degree of nest clustering was low for M. ferruginea (reddish brown) and high for H. gribodoi. Differences in average nearest-neighbour distance were observed within species nesting in a dispersed or clumped pattern. This study reveals that habitat type in the Kakamega forest influences the species richness and nesting pattern of the five stingless bee species.
Secure Authentication Protocol for Mobile Payment

With the increasing popularity of fintech, i.e., financial technology, the e-commerce market has grown rapidly in the past decade, such that mobile devices enjoy unprecedented popularity and are playing an ever-increasing role in e-commerce. This is especially true of mobile payments, which are attracting increasing attention. However, the occurrence of many traditional financial mishaps has exposed the challenges inherent in online authentication technology that is based on traditional modes of realizing the healthy and stable development of mobile payment. In addition, this technology ensures user account security and privacy. In this paper, we propose a Secure Mutual Authentication Protocol (SMAP) based on the Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) protocol for mobile payment. To guarantee reliable service, we use an asymmetric cryptosystem for achieving mutual authentication between the server and client, which can resist fake servers and forged terminals. Compared to the modes currently used, the proposed protocol strengthens the security of user account information as well as individual privacy throughout the mobile-payment transaction process. Practical application has proven the security and convenience of the proposed protocol.
Prism Solid-Shell with Heterogonous and Hierarchical Approximation Basis

A solid-shell element which does not possess rotational degrees of freedom (DOFs) and which is applicable to thin plate/shell problems is considered. The element approximation is constructed in prisms, where displacements on the upper and lower surfaces are approximated in the global coordinate system. In addition, two other fields are defined in the shell natural (local) coordinate system that represent the components of the displacement vector in both the current shell normal direction and the current shell tangent plane. To each field, an arbitrary order of approximation can be defined, and all fields reproduce a complete and conforming polynomial approximation basis for the solid prism element. It is not necessary to augment the formulation with an assumed natural strain (ANS) field or enhanced assumed strain (EAS) field or to use reduced integration, making the element ideally suited for geometrically and physically nonlinear problems.
On the Function of the Zero Interest Rate Commitment: Monetary Policy Rules in the Presence of the Zero Lower Bound on Interest Rates

We analyze the effectiveness of monetary policy rules in the presence of the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates, using stochastic simulations. Specifically, we assume a small structural model composed of the IS and AS curves with both forward-looking and backward-looking agents, and estimate the model using Japanese economic data. Based on the results, we investigate which monetary policy rule is superior, in terms of minimizing social loss, among various policy rules which take the zero lower bound constraint into account. We assume a simple Taylor-type monetary policy rule estimated using the data before the zero interest rate policy was adopted as the baseline policy rule. We then modify this policy rule by adding a policy commitment whereby if deflation occurs the zero interest rate policy will be maintained until the rate of inflation rises beyond a specific level. The analyses indicate that such policy rules can be effective if the contents of the commitment -- that is, the conditions for maintaining the zero interest rate policy -- are set appropriately based on the economic conditions when the commitment is implemented. We also find that monetary policy rules with a nonlinearity, whereby preemptive monetary easing is appropriately implemented as the nominal interest rate approaches zero, perform well if they are regarded as credible, even without any explicit policy commitment.