Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary habits and nutritional status among school children in rural and urban areas: A comparative study from Bogor, Indonesia

When Indonesia was combating child undernutrition, overnutrition emerged which made the situation more complex. In fact, dwelling area like rural versus urban is one of the direct determi- nants which play a big role in shaping dietary habits and nutritional status in population. However, there is a lack of data that shows dieteray habits between urban and rural areas in Indonesia. This study aims to compare the dietary habits and nutritional status between children living in urban and rural areas in Bogor. This study was conducted using the cross sectional method with 77 urban and 65 rural children aged 9-12 years old in Bogor. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements, i.e height for age Z-score and IMT for age Z-score. Dietary habit data were obtained by interviewing subjects using validated questionnaire and 3x24 hours food recall. The results showed that urban children had greater risk of being overweight and children living in rural areas had higher risk of being stunted. Children in urban areas showed better dietary habits indicated by greater number of children with regular consumption of breakfast, meat, dairy, and fruits. In conclusion, each area in Bogor showed different malnutrition issue, where higher incident stunting was found in rural area and higher incident of overweight was found in urban area. Therefore, different intervention seems urgent to be elaborated to alleviate the dual malnutrition among children.
Circadian variation--increased morning incidence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether a circadian variation exists in the onset of symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and to review the characteristics of such variation. SETTING Patients with AMI admitted to the coronary care units of two teaching hospitals in the city of Karachi, Dr. Ziauddin Medical University Hospital and National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease. METHOD The study population included patients admitted to the coronary care unit. The diagnosis was based on the onset of AMI signs and symptoms and ECG changes. The inclusion criterion was an age less than 76 years. RESULTS The incidence of Myocardial infarction assessed by the onset of clinical symptoms exhibited a marked circadian variation. Myocardial infarction occurred 2.8 times more frequently during morning hours (period of maximum incidence) as compared to evening (period of minimum incidence). CONCLUSION This result extends previous observation of the circadian variation in the incidence of AMI onset. This study also helps in searching the potential triggers to physiological changes that may occur during morning hours. Design and timing of cardioprotective medication may play a crucial role in improving circadian variation and prevention of AMI.
Culture centered design: reviews on cultural factors influencing interface design elements

Issues regarding misconception of the same piece of information are solicited from users with different cultural background and needs. Various efforts have been conducted to cater to such issue. However studies regarding cultivation of cultural elements in user interface design seem to be neglected. Numerous studies show that interface design preferences are related to the user’s cultural background. Furthermore, studies of user cultural needs could enhance user’s understanding and acceptance of the interface design. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review the cultural factors influencing interface design elements. Indirectly, it exhibits the concept of culture centered design.
Beginning art teachers in Florida: Perceptions of their preparation to teach art

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate how well prepared beginning art teachers felt they were to perform the jobs they now do. The research question for this study was: How do beginning art teachers in the state of Florida describe, interpret, and evaluate their Florida-based teacher training program and what do they suggest for its improvement? To examine the issues of art teacher training and current teaching practices, this study was triangulated, including a survey of beginning art teachers who teach in the public schools of Florida and observations and interviews of three selected teachers in light of a description of art education programs in Florida universities and colleges from which the teachers graduated. Through survey responses, the 47 participants in the study reported that they valued the practical knowledge presented during their teacher training over the theoretical. It also was found that beginning art teachers teach the skills they feel best prepared to teach and that studio production is the preferred mode of art instruction. The teachers in this study were more often influenced by the teacher supervising their internship during their teacher training than by their professors or other education courses, and the classroom observations and internship were perceived as the most valuable component of their training. The participants also described problems they encountered in teaching, which they were not prepared for, of which the most frequently cited were lack of respect and support for the arts in K-12 schools and lack of sufficient funding. Participants in this study suggested ways that university/college art programs might be improved to provide art teachers with the skills, knowledge, and experiences that will better enable them to successfully meet the demands of teaching. The most frequently offered suggestions were longer internships and more classroom observations, more studio classes, more pragmatic skills and less theory, and more preparation in classroom management. Implications for the design of art teacher training programs suggested by the results of this study involve more extensive collaboration between the universities responsible for the training of teachers and the K-12 schools and between their respective faculties, a re-examination of how studio, art history, art criticism, and aesthetics are taught in the art education programs, and an examination of standards used to select highly qualified supervising teachers for internships. As a result of the findings of this study, it is proposed that more art methods coursework, particularly in studio art, should be required to better address the needs of prospective art teachers. It is also proposed that training is needed in arts advocacy to address the problems experienced by art teachers in schools.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis to differentiate between bacterial and viral respiratory infections in COPD

Introduction: Infections commonly trigger COPD exacerbations but aetiology is difficult to distinguish clinically. We hypothesised that VOCs in exhaled breath could distinguish between viral and bacterial infections. Methods: Pathogen-related VOC production using in vitro and in vivo disease models were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of agar plate headspace cultured with bacteria and/or human airway epithelial cells infected with virus or bacteria. VOC profiles were prospectively studied from 22 healthy subjects infected with rhinovirus and 130 COPD patients at stable state and during exacerbations (n= 537). Results: 23 and 13 VOCs respectively were produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and Haemophilus influenzae (HI) culture on agar plates. 8/23 VOCs showed dose dependent increase with bacterial concentration plated. Similarly, VOCs specific to viral and bacterial infection were identified from bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with rhinovirus(RV) 16, RSV, SP and HI. We found similarly induced VOCs in breath of healthy subjects following RV-16 infection. Preliminary findings from COPD patients identified 14 increased VOCs in patients with positive bacterial sputum cultures. Conclusion: Specific VOCs are associated with viral and bacterial infection. VOCs could accurately determine aetiology, guiding judicious antimicrobial use in exacerbations and pneumonia.
Effect of Topical Phenytoin on Wound Healing

Background: The effectiveness of topical phenytoin on wound healing has been cited in several research papers. However, methodological flaws and inappropriate controls, as well as the absence of randomization and double blinding devalue most of them. Objectives: We attempted a more stringent assessment of topical phenytoin powder and its role in the enhancement of wound healing. Methods: 76 rats were assigned and divided into two groups: phenytoin-treated and normal saline-treated. Phenytoin and saline were applied on incised open wounds in both groups. The efficacy of phenytoin and normal saline applications was assessed via morphological and histological evaluation over a 4-week period. Results: The results showed considerable reeducation in epithelization in the phenytoin-treated group vs. the control group over the study period. Neovascularization and tensile strength were significantly higher in phenytoin-treated rats as well. There was an insignificant difference regarding wound contraction time. Conclusions: Phenytoin application promoted wound healing. The healing properties of topical phenytoin powder were better in wounds.
Invasive Mucinous Carcinoma Arising in a Background of Breast Fibroadenoma

: Mucinous carcinoma arising in a background of fibroadenoma is rare. We report a case of a 34 year old woman who presented in our hospital with a mobile mass in the right breast. Physical examination, breast ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were all concordant for diagnosis of fibroadenoma. However microscopic examination of excisional biopsy revealed mucinous carcinoma within a background of fibroadenoma. The patient underwent right mastectomy with dissection of the right axillary lymph nodes. Nodal metastasis was not seen. She was also treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and has shown no sign of recurrence for more than one year since after surgery. This report highlights one of the pitfalls of FNAC, particularly in the diagnosis of mixed lesions of the breast.
Combined Training in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

This study aimed to review combined training (CT) effects on HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM. Searches were conducted in PubMed via MEDLINE and Google Scholar. Of the 14 selected studies, 11 found reductions in HbA1c levels. The interventions that performed both aerobic and resistance training in the same sessions were highlighted. In aerobic training, the best results were in the interventions between 30 and 45 minutes per session, with intensities between 60 and 80% of maximal parameters. In resistance training, the interventions with sets from 8 to 12 repetitions with intensities of 80% and 60% of 1RM respectively, or prescribed by maximal repetitions, were highlighted. We conclude that CT can result in better glycaemic control than AT and RT conducted alone.
Cryptosporidiosis in Diarrhoeic Lambs on a Sheep Farm

SUMMARY: Total of 144 fecal samples were obtained from diarrheic or non-diarrheic lambs aged from 1 day to 30 days on a sheep farm in the Aydin province. All samples were examined with the Heine's carbol-fuchsin method in the laboratory. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were found in 67 (46.5%) lambs. Cryptosporidial infection rates were significantly higher in diarrheic lambs (79.1%, 53 of 67) than in non-diarrheic lambs (18.2%, 14 of 77). Statistical analysis showed that infection rates were significantly higher in lambs aged between 1 and 15 days (89.6%, 60 of 67) than in those between 15-30 days of age (10.4%, 7 of 67). Both diarrhea and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were found in 53 lambs. Diarrhea along with the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts was more frequent (p<0.001) in lambs under 15 days of age (96.2%, 51 of 53) than in those aged between 15 and 30 days (3.8%, 2 of 53). The presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in lambs on a sheep farm in Aydin region indicates that this protozoon should also be considered in the etiology of lambs with neonatal diarrhea.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (ANNs) AND AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (ARIMA) MODELS ON RAINFALL FORECASTING

The forecasting of the occurrence of events such as a social phenomenon, a natural disaster, a physical observation, personal research, or otherwise based on historical data has helped individuals and organizations in making informed decisions and adequate arrangements for any eventuality that might occur. Rainfall is a physical event that occurs at certain periods, depending upon the geographical location. In the North West of Nigeria, rainfalls usually occur during the months of April to October. At earlier and late stages, the rainfall is usually characterized by strong winds which causes damages to houses, electricity installations and other monumental structures. Draught and flood are other problems associated with rainfall in the North West region of Nigeria. In this paper, two separate tools were employed to forecast the yearly rainfall of Kaduna metropolis which has suffered from severe problems of draught as well as flood in time past. The results obtained showed that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique outperformed Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) technique in cyclical seasonal behavior with a minimum Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE).
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Early Embedding and Late Reranking for Video

This paper describes our solution for the MSR Video to Language Challenge. We start from the popular ConvNet + LSTMmodel, which we extend with two novel modules. One is early embedding, which enriches the current low-level input to LSTM by tag embeddings. The other is late reranking, for re-scoring generated sentences in terms of their relevance to a specific video. The modules are inspired by recent works on image captioning, repurposed and redesigned for video. As experiments on the MSR-VTT validation set show, the joint use of these two modules add a clear improvement over a non-trivial ConvNet + LSTM baseline under four performance metrics. The viability of the proposed solution is further confirmed by the blind test by the organizers. Our system is ranked at the 4th place in terms of overall performance, while scoring the best CIDEr-D, which measures the human-likeness of generated captions.
Does financial inclusion affect monetary policy in SAARC countries?

Abstract Alike the role of heart for human body, finance is the focal point of an economy, whereas savings and investment are its tubes and vessels. Hence, a solid financial system is a fundamental character of an enduring economy. The frozen financial system endures longer if its foundation is concrete and subsists in the people of grass-root level. They are those, who live in villages and small towns, earn meager income, work in primary sector, spend more on food, and have lesser social securities. In this setting, the process of bringing these people into the main stream of financial activities is called financial inclusion. This study describes the impact of financial inclusion on monetary policy of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries from 2004–2013. The study uses principal component analysis (PCA) to construct a Financial Inclusion Index that serves as a proxy variable for the accessibility of financial inclusion in the SAARC countries. Adding to it, three different models like FEM, REM, and Panel-corrected standard errors are used for the analysis. In this study, an empirical result of generalized least square(GLS) estimation shows that financial inclusion, exchange rate, and interest rate are negatively associated with inflation in SAARC countries.
A Comparative Study on Classification Methods of Sleep Stages by Using EEG

Electrophysiological recordings are considered a reliable method of assessing a person’s alertness. Sleep medicine is asked to offer objective methods to measure daytime alertness, tiredness and sleepiness. As EEG signals are non-stationary, the conventional method of frequency analysis is not highly successful in recognition of alertness level. In this paper, EEG signals have been analyzed using wavelet transform and classification using statistical classifiers such as euclidean and mahalanobis distance classifiers and a promising method SVM (Support Vector Machine). As a result of simulation, the average values of accuracies for the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)-Quadratic, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)-Euclidean, and Linear SVM were 48%, 34.2%, and 86%, respectively. The experimental results show that SVM classification method offer the better performance for reliable classification of the EEG signal in comparison with the other classification methods.
Estimating Potential Community-wide Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Savings from Residential Energy Retrofits

The residential sector accounts for over 20% of U.S. primary energy consumption and offers numerous opportunities for conservation and efficiency. Chief among these is retrofitting existing homes, which can reduce annual household energy consumption while also improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort and supporting local economic development. Many U.S. localities identify residential retrofits as a major priority in their Climate Action Plans, but lack information on the extent of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction that they can achieve. We present a methodology used in Blacksburg, Virginia, to estimate potential energy and GHG savings from a residential retrofit program, which we find could reduce projected year 2050 residential energy use by as much as 36%. We conclude with a discussion of the obstacles that communities face in implementing retrofit programs and steps being taken in Blacksburg to overcome those obstacles.
Nutritional mode and specialization alter protist consumer diversity effects on prey assemblages

Mixotrophy is a widespread phenomenon and plays an important role in aquatic food webs by increasing the complexity of trophic interactions and enhancing trophic transfer up the food web. Nevertheless, the effects of mixotrophic consumers on lower trophic levels have not been investigated in the framework of recent biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research, although mixotrophic interactions can lead to enhanced variability of those relationships. The effects of ciliate consumer diversity and nutritional mode on algal prey biovolume and evenness as well as consumer biovolume were investigated in 2 freshwater microcosm experiments. Different species compositions in the consumer and algal assemblages of the 2 experiments resulted in partially different interactions. Increasing consumer richness decreased prey biovolume in both experiments. However, heterotrophic consumers decreased prey biovolume and evenness more than mixotrophs in one experiment, driven by a strong grazer that was not present in the other experiment. Consumer presence and richness affected prey evenness differently, preventing competitive dominance among algae in one experiment but leading to unbalanced grazing in an initially more even prey assemblage in the other experiment. Secondary production increased with consumer richness in both experiments but was differently affected by the consumers’ nutritional mode due to altered competitive interactions and niche overlap in different species combinations. The present study demonstrated that consumer-specific characteristics, such as nutritional mode and feeding preferences, may alter consumer diversity effects on prey.
Kinetics of proton depended oxidation of diethylthiourea with methylene green in aqueous medium

Diethylthiourea (DETU) reacts with methylene green (MG) and reduced it into leuco dye where it oxidized into smaller fragments like urea, nitrate and sulphate. The reaction was favorable in acidic condition. A direct relation in between oxidation of DETU and MG to the concentration of H+ ions was observed through typical kinetics in two acids like HCl and H2SO4. The second order with respect to HCl and the first order with respect to H2SO4 indicated the protonation of DETU with the reduction of dye. In alkaline medium, the rate of reaction decline may be due to the suppressing effects of alkali on oxidation/degradation of DETU into smaller fragments or may be attributed with the de-protonation of DETU. Influence of addition of dye into reaction mixture retarded the bleaching process and follows zero order kinetics while rate of reaction enhanced by the addition of DETU in the reaction mixture and shows ¾th order with respect to DETU. Negative effect of added different electrolytes reflects that change of ionic strength of reaction mixture have some bearing on redox reaction of MG and DETU. Reaction was monitored at elevated temperature and activation parameters were computed. The mechanisms of oxidation of DETU with reduction of dye MG were discussed. Reduction of MG into leuco dye with the fragmentation of DETU was observed in acidic condition at elevated temperature. Key words: Methylene green (MG), diethylthiourea (DETU), proton dependence, smaller fragments, redox reaction, ions.
Share Repurchases, Dividends, and Executive Options: Empirical Evidence from Finland

This paper reports empirical results on the determinants of the authorization decision for share repurchases and dividends in Finland. We use a data set with precise data on share repurchases as well as characteristics for the option programs. Contrary to the U.S., we use a data set where 41% of the options are dividend protected, which allows us to seprate between the "option funding" and "substitution/managerial wealth" hypothesis for the choice of the distribution method. We find that tax effects in terms of higher foreign ownership is the main determinant for share repurchases in Finland. We also find evidence in support of both the signalling and agency cost hypotheses for cash distributions, especially in the case of share repurchases. Finally, we find a significant difference between companies with or without dividend protected options. When options are dividend protected, the relationship between dividend distributions and the scope of the options program turns to a significantly positive one instead of the negative one documented on U.S. data. This gives some support for the substitution/managerial wealth hypothesis as a determinant for the choice of the distribution method.
Evaluations of Interactive Learning Tools Among Engineering Students: Effects of Grit and Gender

This study explores what determines engineering students’ evaluations of interactive learning tools (ILTs). Engineering students (n = 323) from large U.S. universities who had used McGraw-Hill’s SmartBook and Connect participated in the study. This study confirms that grit and gender are important factors in opinions and attitudes toward such tools. Specifically, among males, those with higher grit found ILTs as more useful and usable. Moreover, higher levels of grit were related to favorable attitudes toward ILTs. Interesting to note was that females reported more favorable evaluations on ILTs overall. These findings suggest strategies for the use of interactive learning tools for engineering students to succeed. Implications and recommendations for future research will also discussed.