Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Untangling the relationship between HRM and hospital performance: the mediating role of attitudinal and behavioural HR outcomes†

This study examines the complex linkages between employees' perceptions of HR systems and hospital performance. In particular, it explores the role of attitudinal and behavioural HR outcomes as potential mediating mechanisms of the HRM–performance link. Structural equation models using multi-informant (e.g. medical and non-medical staff, patients) and multi-source data from 167 acute hospital trusts in the English National Health Service reveal a positive relationship between employees' HR system perceptions and patient satisfaction. Moreover, results suggest that this relationship is mediated by employees' civility towards patients, that is, by the extent to which employees treat patients with courtesy, dignity and respect. This behavioural HR outcome, in turn, is negatively affected by employees' intention to leave, an essential attitudinal HR outcome that mediates the link between HR system perceptions and civility towards patients. This study, therefore, contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms through which HRM can enhance patient satisfaction in health care organisations.
The profitability of day trading: An empirical study using high-quality data

ABSTRACT This study investigates the profitability and characteristics of day trading in the KOSPI 200 futures market, one of the largest and most remarkable index futures markets in the world. By using a high-quality data set that classifies various investors into a number of key categories and provides detailed information on their identity, we find that domestic individuals face substantial losses from day trading and that individual day traders who trade more frequently and heavily are more likely to suffer such losses. In contrast to individual day traders, who account for the largest portion of total day trading activity but perform poorly, domestic money managers and foreign institutional investors generally make substantial profits through day trading, which is noteworthy in that their day trading activity accounts for only a small portion of total day trading activity in the futures market.
North-South R&D Spillovers

We examine the extent to which developing countries that do little, if any research and development themselves benefit from R&D that is performed in the industrial countries. By trading with an industrial country that has large 'stocks of knowledge' from its cumulative R&D activities, a developing country can boost its productivity by importing a larger variety of intermediate products and capital equipment embodying foreign knowledge, and by acquiring useful information that would otherwise be costly to obtain. Our empirical results, which are based on observations over the 1971-90 period for 77 developing countries, suggest that R&D spillovers from the industrial countries in the North to the developing countries in the South are substantial.
Effects of cultivar, fruit number and reflected photosynthetically active radiation on Fragaria x ananassa productivity and fruit ellagic acid and ascorbic acid concentrations.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS A number of strawberry varieties were surveyed for their total ellagic acid concentration, and attempts were made to determine if ellagic acid and ascorbic acid concentrations of two strawberry cultivars could be increased by polythene reflective mulches. METHODS After adjusting crop yields and cultivation using polythene mulches with two different PAR reflective capacities, field- and polytunnel-grown strawberries were analysed for ellagic acid and ascorbic acid concentrations by HPLC. Comparative measurements of yield and fruit quality were determined along with plant developmental changes. KEY RESULTS Ellagic acid concentration varied widely with strawberry cultivar (60-341 microg g(-1) frozen weight), as did the ratio of conjugated ellagic acid : free ellagic acid. Also, there was significant year-to-year variation in total ellagic acid concentration with some cultivars. Mulches with different reflective capacities impacted on strawberry production; highly reflective mulches significantly increased growth and yield, the latter due to increases in fruit size and number. CONCLUSIONS Highly reflective mulches significantly increased total concentrations of ellagic acid and ascorbic acid relative to control in fruit of different cultivars. The potential of agronomic practices to enhance the concentration and amounts of these important dietary bioactive compounds is discussed.
Models of Inflation Expectations Formation: A Comparison of Household and Economist Forecasts

THE RECENT APPRECIATION of the critical role played by expectations of inflation in the behavior of macromodels has stimulated empirical studies of the formation of expectations by different groups. Time series survey data on expectations of inflation exist now for economists, households, and businesses. These data have been used as independent variables in explaining wage behavior (Gordon [16], Turnovsky and Wachter [34], and de Menil and Bhatta [5]), prices (Turnovsky and Wachter [34] and Wachtel [36]), interest rates (Gibson [14], Hendershott and Van Horne [19], Pearce [30], and Mishkin [27]), and consumption (Wachtel [36]), generally with a significant improvement in explanatory power. They have also been used as dependent variables in attempts to determine how expectations are formed by Gordon [15], Mullineaux [28], Jacobs and Jones [20], and Figlewski and Wachtel [9] for the economist survey, Van Duyne [35] for the household survey, and Leonard [23] and de Leeuw and McKelvey [4] for businesses. Given their different levels of knowlege of economics and perspectives, one might expect that the models used by the different groups to forecast inflation would
Risky drinking and alcohol use patterns in a national sample of women of childbearing age.

AIMS We examined risky drinking and alcohol use patterns associated with prenatal effects of alcohol exposure in women of childbearing age, using various definitions of low-risk drinking. DESIGN Computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) methodology was used to gather information in a cross-sectional survey on alcohol use and problems, pregnancy and likelihood of future pregnancy. SETTING Participants were respondents in the 2000 National Alcohol Survey (NAS, N10, response rate 58%) which includes men and women from all 50 states of the United States and the District of Columbia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1504 women aged 18-39 years were included; 72 were pregnant, 511 were currently not pregnant but reported being likely to be pregnant in the next 5 years, and 921 women were neither pregnant nor likely to be in the next 5 years. MEASUREMENTS Various alcohol use patterns in the past 12 months including average volume, amount per session, drinking with food and time spent drinking were assessed. FINDINGS Seven per cent of childbearing age women exceeded guidelines used to classify women as risky drinkers in the past month. Thirty per cent were classified as risky drinkers when these guidelines were extended to past-year drinking. Examination of specific alcohol use patterns revealed that while under 10% of risky drinkers reported past-month heavy episodic drinking, 30% or more reported heavy episodic drinking and exceeding daily limits for alcohol consumption in the past year. CONCLUSIONS Public health professionals should note that past-year drinking in a significant proportion of women of childbearing age exceeds guidelines for alcohol use. When targeting such prevention efforts, they should thus include assessment of past-year alcohol use patterns.
Follicular development and ovarian hormone secretion following passive immunization of ewes against inhibin or oestradiol.

Immunization against inhibin or oestradiol causes an increase in the peripheral plasma concentration of FSH. In this study we have investigated the effect of this post-immunization rise in FSH concentration on follicular development by means of real-time ultrasonography, in ewes in which an ovary and its vascular pedicle had been autotransplanted to a site in the neck. Groups of ewes on day 10 of the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle were injected with a single 10 ml i.v. bolus of plasma from normal ewes (control; n = 4), antiserum to the 1-26 peptide fragment of the N-terminus of the alpha chain of porcine inhibin (n = 5) or antiserum to oestradiol-17 beta (n = 4). The plasma concentration of FSH was unaffected by treatment in the control group but showed a significant (P < 0.001) rise following treatment in both immunized groups (inhibin-immunized 175% over 19h; oestradiol-immunized 138% over 22 h as a per cent of the original value). This rise in FSH concentration was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.001) rise in the total number of follicles > 2.0 mm per ovary in both immunized groups (inhibin-immunized 5.5 +/- 1.0 to 13.6 +/- 1.4; oestradiol-immunized 4.6 +/- 0.5 to 11.5 +/- 1.0). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
How improving quality improves supply chain management: empirical study

Purpose – Much has already been written about the effects of ISO 9000 standards on business performance, mostly supporting the notion that implementing a standardized quality management system is beneficial. That said, no studies have been made into the impact that the implementation of these regulations has had on improvements, if any, to supply chain management (SCM). This paper aims to give an initial outline on this subject.Design/methodology/approach – Using the five strategies proposed by Chandra and Kumar in 2000 that aimed at stimulating the implementation of correct SCM, along with an empirical study carried out in nearly 400 companies certified to ISO 9000 standard, how this quality assurance standard contributes to successful SCM implementation is analysed.Findings – From the obtained results, it is interesting to point out that not only those indicators which show clear improvements in the SCM have been found but also those aspects in which the companies themselves recognize their limitations.
Which Performance Measures Do Investors Around the World Value the Most—and Why?

ABSTRACT: We examine the value relevance of a comprehensive set of summary performance measures including sales, earnings, comprehensive income, and operating cash flows. We find that, while value relevance peaks for measures “above the line,” no single measure dominates around the world. Instead, a measure is more relevant when it captures, directly and quickly, information about firms’ cash flows. Specifically, for each performance measure by country, we estimate eight attributes commonly used to assess earnings quality. We find these attributes highly correlated—most of their variance is explained by only two principal factors. A factor capturing articulation with cash flows is positively associated with a measure’s value relevance; a factor reflecting the measure’s persistence, predictability, smoothness, and conservatism is negatively associated. Our results suggest that, when it comes to equity valuation, accounting researchers and standard-setters should focus not on what performance measure is “be.
Impact of financial development on economic growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan

The present article aims at investigating the effects of financial sector development on economic growth in the case of Pakistan from 1975 to 2008. A composite financial depth indicator is built using principal component analysis (PCA) and is used in the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration. The results suggest the presence of a positive and significant relationship between financial development and economic growth.
The Effect of Personal and Farm Characteristics upon Grain Marketing Practices

Abstract A survey of Kansas, Texas, and Iowa agricultural producers was taken to examine the factors affecting their grain marketing practices. Sales indices models and models of qualitative choice are used to determine whether marketers' choices of cash market, forward contract, or futures and options oriented marketing practices are significantly affected by their personal and farm business characteristics. Results indicate that geographic location, farm size, grain enterprise specialization, farming experience, use of grain storage, and use of crop insurance have significant effects upon the respondents' choice of grain marketing practices.
Estimates of the Equilibrium Exchange Rate of the Renminbi: Is There a Consensus and, If Not, Why Not?

The answer to the first of the two questions addressed to us is clearly “No.” The 18 studies summarized in Table 1 reveal widely differing answers being offered in the literature, even sticking to post-2000 estimates, and even when one recognizes (as not everyone has done) that an effective exchange rate is a totally different creature from a bilateral dollar exchange rate and that one should expect estimates of undervaluation on each concept to be quite different. Nonetheless, of all 18 studies, only one (Wang) tries to argue that the renminbi might be overvalued. Moreover, the average estimates indicate substantial undervaluation. The simple average for the 14 estimates of the correction needed in the real effective exchange rate is 20 percent appreciation; the corresponding simple average for the 16 estimates for the bilateral rate against the dollar is an appreciation of 40 percent. The undervaluation shows signs of growing worse over time, as the average real effective appreciation needed rises from 17 percent in studies using data in the period 2000–04 to 27 percent in those using data for 2005–07 (table 1). Thus, although most of this paper concerns the answer to the second question, the source of differences among the estimates, dispersion of the individual results should not divert policy attention away from the forest and onto the trees.
Approaches to Cybercrime Jurisdiction

Cybercrime is a primary example of cross-border crime, and so, it raises the issue of jurisdiction. This is a tricky issue. Acts on the Internet that are legal in the state where they are initiated may be illegal in other states, even though the act is not particularly targeted at that state. Jurisdiction conflicts abound, both negative (no state claims jurisdiction) and positive (several states claim jurisdiction at the same time). Above all, it is unclear just what constitutes jurisdiction: is it the place of the act, the country of residence of the perpetrator, the location of the effect, or the nationality of the owner of the computer that is under attack? Or all of these at once? It turns out that countries think quite differently on this issue. The cybercrime statutes of numerous countries show varying and diverging jurisdiction clauses. In this article, these varying approaches are outlined, by indicating when states claim jurisdiction and which factors influence that claim. The survey of jurisdiction provisions includes several US states and federal US law, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Australian state of Tasmania, as well as the Council of Europe's Cybercrime Convention. This - eclectic - collection of states is chosen for having interesting jurisdiction clauses with respect to cybercrime. The article starts with a general description of jurisdiction (Section 2). Then, jurisdiction clauses in cybercrime statutes are surveyed, based on territorial claims (Section 3), on personality claims (Section 4), or on other claims, such as the protection principle and universality (Section 5). Jurisdiction does not only require a connection with the crime; it also demands that this connection be sufficiently close to warrant the exercise of jurisdiction - the reasonableness standard (Section 6). Particularly with cybercrimes connected with many countries, the various jurisdiction clauses will clash, resulting in positive or negative jurisdiction conflicts (Section 7). The articles concludes with summarizing the various approaches in cybercrime jurisdiction and the problems that this variation poses, and indicates issues that merit further study (Section 8).
Complicated Endogenous Business Cycles under Gross Substitutability

Abstract In this paper we investigate the global behaviour of the output equilibrium time paths in a two-dimensional overlapping generations model with productive investment and capital accumulation, where agents behave rationally and markets are competitive. We show that equilibrium time paths can converge to complicated (chaotic) attractors as well as periodic attractors when the substitution effect dominates the income effect everywhere. The occurrence of complicated equilibrium paths is guaranteed by homoclinic intersections of the stable and unstable manifolds of the autarkic steady state. Journal of Economic Literature Classificiation Number: E32.
Pharmacokinetics of GW433908, a Prodrug of Amprenavir, in Healthy Male Volunteers

These two Phase I, open‐label, single‐dose, randomized, crossover studies in 40 healthy male subjects investigated the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of various formulations of the amprenavir prodrug GW433908 in the presence and absence of food compared with amprenavir capsules. GW433908 is a phosphate ester prodrug of the antiretroviral protease inhibitor amprenavir, with improved solubility over the parent molecule and a potential for reduced pill burden on current dosing regimens. The calcium salt of the prodrug, GW433908G, was selected for further investigation, as it appeared to offer the greatest potential for the development of new drug formulations. In the fasting state, (1) GW433908G tablet and suspension were bioequivalent in terms of both AUC and Cmax' and (2) GW433908G tablet and suspension were bioequivalent to amprenavir capsules for AUC; however, Cmax was lower with GW433908G. After a high‐fat meal compared with fasting, (1) the bioavailability of GW433908G suspension was decreased by 20% and Cmax by 41%, and (2) for GW433908G tablets, there was no influence on AUC (12% lower Cmax). After a low‐fat meal compared with fasting, (1) there was bioequivalence for GW433908G tablets, but (2) bioavailability was decreased by 23% for amprenavir capsules (Cmax was also lower, by 46%). Overall, for GW433908G and amprenavir capsules, food had a negligible influence on plasma concentration at 12 hours postdose (C12). Whether administered as tablets or suspension, GW433908G pharmacokinetics was only slightly affected by food. GW433908G tablets were well tolerated and delivered plasma amprenavir concentrations equivalent to the recommended therapeutic amprenavir dose but with fewer tablets. The possibility of a lower pill burden offered by GW433908 may be of clinical benefit in the treatment of HIV infection.
Supernumerary teeth: review of the literature and a survey of 152 cases.

INTRODUCTION A review of the literature relating to supernumerary teeth is presented along with a survey of 152 cases. METHODS The study population consisted of 152 children who visited the department of Paediatric Dentistry at the Jordan University Hospital. Patients ranged in age from 5 to 15 years. Supernumeraries were detected by clinical examination and radiographs. RESULTS Males were affected more than females with a sex ratio of 2.2 : 1. Seventy-seven percent of the patients had one supernumerary tooth, 18.4% had double teeth, and 4.6% had three or more supernumeraries. Ninety percent of the supernumerary teeth occurred in the premaxilla, of which 92.8% were in the central incisor region and of these latter 25% were located in the midline. The other 10.4% of the supernumeraries were located in the premolar, canine, molar, and lower central incisor regions. Two cases were of non-syndrome supernumerary teeth. Seventy-five percent of the supernumeraries were conical, 83.1% were in the normal vertical position and 26.5% were erupted. Conical-shaped supernumerary teeth had a significantly higher rate of eruption compared to the tuberculate type.
The Impact of Perceived Support on Attitudes Towards Inclusion

In Ontario, the inclusion of students with special needs in regular classrooms is a reality for many students (Government of Ontario, 2004). According to 2003-2004 school board data, 61,701 elementary and 65,692 secondary school students received special education programs and/or services in a regular classroom. An additional 15, 438 identified elementary students and 6,895 identified secondary students spent up to 50% of their time in a regular classroom.
EVA® Disclosures in the Annual Reports of Indian Companies

Analyzing the annual reports of India’s largest 500 companies over a period of five years (from 2004 to 2008), the present study at first tries to examine the extent of Economic Value Added (EVA) reporting practices prevalent in Indian corporate sector. It reveals that just 37 companies (7.4 per cent of the sample) specifically mentioned the use of EVA metric in their public disclosures. The study also identifies the industry composition, preferred medium of EVA disclosure, areas of EVA applications and extent of EVA-related computations made and disclosed by the EVA reporting companies. The study finds that there exist significant inconsistencies and irregularities in the measurement of EVA and its major components by the EVA reporting companies. The second part of the study examines the corporate attributes that can be associated with the Indian companies’ EVA disclosure choices. Thus, the comparison of differences between the EVA reporting and EVA non-reporting companies on the basis of their background indicators and financial performance measures reveals that the EVA usage and disclosure choice of Indian companies is influenced by their size, profitability, leverage and sales efficiency. The study has implications for Securities and Exchange Board of India, Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, Company Law Board and other related parties that they should recognize the need to make EVA reporting mandatory in Indian corporate sector. Through the establishment of separate accounting standards for EVA computations and disclosure and further linking it with the employees’ compensation plans, companies can reap benefits in terms of shareholder value enhancement.
A Human Papilloma Virus Testing Algorithm Comprising a Combination of the L1 Broad-Spectrum SPF10 PCR Assay and a Novel E6 High-Risk Multiplex Type-Specific Genotyping PCR Assay

ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus (HPV) epidemiological and vaccine studies require highly sensitive HPV detection and genotyping systems. To improve HPV detection by PCR, the broad-spectrum L1-based SPF10 PCR DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) LiPA system and a novel E6-based multiplex type-specific system (MPTS123) that uses Luminex xMAP technology were combined into a new testing algorithm. To evaluate this algorithm, cervical swabs (n = 860) and cervical biopsy specimens (n = 355) were tested, with a focus on HPV types detected by the MPTS123 assay (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 6, and 11). Among the HPV-positive samples, identifications of individual HPV genotypes were compared. When all MPTS123 targeted genotypes were considered together, good overall agreement was found (κ = 0.801, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.784 to 0.818) with identification by SPF10 LiPA, but significantly more genotypes (P < 0.0001) were identified by the MPTS123 PCR Luminex assay, especially for HPV types 16, 35, 39, 45, 58, and 59. An alternative type-specific assay was evaluated that is based on detection of a limited number of HPV genotypes by type-specific PCR and a reverse hybridization assay (MPTS12 RHA). This assay showed results similar to those of the expanded MPTS123 Luminex assay. These results confirm the fact that broad-spectrum PCRs are hampered by type competition when multiple HPV genotypes are present in the same sample. Therefore, a testing algorithm combining the broad-spectrum PCR and a range of type-specific PCRs can offer a highly accurate method for the analysis of HPV infections and diminish the rate of false-negative results and may be particularly useful for epidemiological and vaccine studies.