Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Visual Variation on Learning and Performance of Girls Futsal Penalty Kick

Background: The purpose of the present research was to examine how much learning futsal penalty kick depends on visual information. Objective: The participants were twenty female students (22.87 ± 2.72 yrs.) who were randomly divided into fullvision and ambientvision groups and participated in 15 training sessions. Results: Both groups participated in the post-test at the end of the training session, and retention and transfer tests were respectively conducted 8 and 10 days later. Independent and paired t-testsas well as repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analysis. Conclusion: The results showed that the participants inboth groups learned the task similarly, but they had the best performance in familiarvisual conditions. Their performance significantly deteriorated in a visual environment different from the one they experienced during practice. The present findings provide evidence in support ofthe specificity of practice hypothesis.
A Large-Scale Study of the “ Wisdom of Crowds ”

In a variety of problem domains, it has been observed that the aggregate opinions of groups are often more accurate than those of the constituent individuals, a phenomenon that has been dubbed the “wisdom of the crowd”. However, due to the varying contexts, sample sizes, methodologies, and scope of previous studies, it has been difficult to gauge the extent to which conclusions generalize. To investigate this question, we carried out a large online experiment to systematically evaluate crowd performance on 1,000 questions across 50 topical domains. We further tested the effect of different types of social influence on crowd performance. For example, in one condition, participants could see the cumulative crowd answer before providing their own. In total, we collected more than 500,000 responses from nearly 2,000 participants. We have three main results. First, averaged across all questions, we find that the crowd indeed performs better than the average individual in the crowd—but we also find substantial heterogeneity in performance across questions. Second, we find that crowd performance is generally more consistent than that of individuals; as a result, the crowd does considerably better than individuals when performance is computed on a full set of questions within a domain. Finally, we find that social influence can, in some instances, lead to herding, decreasing crowd performance. Our findings illustrate some of the subtleties of the wisdom-of-crowds phenomenon, and provide insights for the design of social recommendation platforms.
Constitutive relations for volume change in unsaturated soils

Volume change constitutive relations for unsaturated soils are proposed from a semi-empirical standpoint. One equation describes the deformation of the soil structure and a second equation defines the volume of water present in the element. Each equation can be viewed as a three-dimensional surface with two independent stress state variables forming the abscissas.Uniqueness is tested by measuring volume changes resulting from stress changes in two orthogonal directions and comparing predicted and measured volume changes resulting from a stress change in a third direction. Samples of undisturbed Regina Clay and compacted kaolin showed good agreement between the predicted and measured volume changes for monotonic deformation of the soil structure. The agreement was not as close for the water phase. The variation was attributed to difficulties in measuring water volume changes over a long period of time. The laboratory results indicate that the proposed constitutive equations are of the appropriate form for .
Reversing the Question: Does Happiness Affect Consumption and Savings Behavior?

This paper attempts to answer an interesting but empirically challenging question: Do changes in well-being (life satisfaction or happiness) lead to changes in consumption and savings behavior? The paper uses regional sunshine as an instrument for personal happiness using the Dutch Household Survey from the Netherlands. Sunshine improves happiness significantly. Instrumenting happiness with sunshine, happier people are found to save more, spend less, and have a lower marginal propensity to consume. Happier people take more time for making decisions and have more control over expenditures; they expect a longer life and (accordingly) seem more concerned about the future than the present; they also expect less inflation in the future.
Effect of Chromium on Growth, Biochemicals and Nutrient Accumulation of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)

Chromium is a heavy metal; this element is considered as an environmental hazard. Toxicity effects of chromium on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study accumulation of Chromium along with nutrients and its effect on the growth of Paddy plant (Oryza sativa L). Thus, paddy seedlings grown in petriplates lined with filter paper undergoing, different treatments of Cr (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/L). After one week seedlings were removed and morpho physiological parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight of plants and Biochemicals ,accumulation of nutrients along with Cr in roots and shoots were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than 100 mg/L chromium cause the reduction of morphophysiology parameters in the treatment plants rather than control plant and Cr addition in the cultures caused enhancement of chromium content in roots and shoots of plant seedlings. Similarly the biochemicals and nutrient accumulation also affected by increasing concentrations of chromium. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.
What do we know about entrepreneurial finance and its relationship with growth?

This article explores what we do (and do not) know about entrepreneurial finance and its relationship with growth. Broadly, there is a need for research to go beyond traditional supply side/market failure issues to better understand the role of entrepreneurial cognition, objectives, ownership types and firm life-cycle stages in financing/investment decisions. We show that little is known about the pivotal relationship between access to external finance and growth due to limitations in current approaches to testing financial constraints. Instead, we propose that the relationship between funding gaps and business performance as a direct and nuanced approach to identifying financial constraints in different entrepreneurial finance markets requires scrutiny. There is also a necessity for research to disentangle cognitive from financial constraints and to better understand the role of financiers in enabling growth. In particular, there is a need to explore the relationship between non-bank sources of finance and growth, shorn of inherent survival and selection bias. We outline an agenda for future research to address gaps in our understanding.
Health-related Quality of Life ( HRQL ) in Tuberculosis Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus

We aimed to investigate describe health-related quality of life (HRQL) of tuberculosis patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Participants were diagnosed and treated at Qingdao Chest Hospital between April and August 2015. A total of 131 patients were eligible in the study and 50 of them were suffering from tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) simultaneously, 81 were TB only. Chinese version 2 of the Short Form-36 (SF-36 v2) questionnaire was used to evaluate HRQL in the patients. This survey found that most of patients in TB-DM patients group reached dietary diversification. The types of food intake results show that scores of all the eight SF36 dimensions, and their physical and mental summary scores, were significantly lower than the Chinese general population. Except for role physical (RP) and mental health (MH), the scores of TB patients with DM (TB-DM) were lower than TB patients without DM. Multivariable analysis showed that age and occupation were the factors affecting their physical health, and the factors affecting their mental health were the situation of initial treatment, occupation and average monthly income.
Phenological behaviour of Piper sylvaticum Roxb. (Piperaceae), a medicinally useful species occurring in eastern Himalayan region.

Phenology and flowering behaviour of a medicinally important dioecious Piper species i.e., Piper sylvaticum Roxb. (Piperaceae) found in eastern Himalayan region was observed. Vegetative and reproductive phenophases of both the male and female plants were studied. Different parameters like leaf initiation, leaf opening, initiation of flowers, peak flowering period, number of flowers, fruit formation and maturity, etc. were recorded. It was found that the leaves and spikes development are simultaneous and mostly occur throughout the year in male plants but varies in female plants. Peak flowering time was observed in the month of February and March in male and female plants respectively. Fruiting was observed almost throughout the year. Fruits mature in 45 months.
The Effect of Explicit and Implicit Instruction through Plays on EFL Learners’ Speech Act Production

Despite the general findings that address the positive contribution of teaching pragmatic features to interlanguage pragmatic development, the question as to the most effective method is far from being resolved. Moreover, the potential of literature as a means of introducing learners into the social practices and norms of the target culture, which underlie the pragmatic competence, has not been fully explored. This study, then, set out to investigate the possible contribution of plays , as a medium of instruction, to the pragmatic development through either explicit or implicit mode of instruction. To this end, 80 English-major university students were assigned to four experimental groups: two literary and two nonliterary groups. One of the literary groups (Implicit Play) received typographically enhanced plays containing the speech acts of apology, request, and refusal and the other (Explicit Play) received the same treatment in addition to the metapragmatic instruction on the acts. The medium of instruction for the nonliterary groups were dialogs containing the given functions; they were also given either enhanced input (Implicit Dialog) or input plus metapragmatic information (Explicit Dialog). Analyses of the four groups‟ performance on a Written Discourse Completion Test (WDCT) before and after the treatment did not show any advantage for the literary The Effect of Explicit and Implicit Instruction through Plays… medium, i.e., there was no significant difference between literary and nonliterary groups. It was rather the mode of instruction that mattered most, where explicit groups outperformed their implicit counterparts. These findings indicate that even though implicit teaching, that is, exposure to enhanced input followed by some awareness-raising tasks, is effective in pragmatic development, it cannot contribute so much to learning as can the explicit instruction.
Evaluating the Overall Technical Efficiency of Islamic Banks Operating in the MENA Region During the Financial Crisis

The present paper measured overall technical efficiency of Islamic banks operating in the MENA region during the financial crisis of 2007-2009 to address the question what are the levels of overall, pure technical and scale efficiency of Islamic banks operating in the MENA region and how they evolved during the financial crisis. This paper addresses this question technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency measures are analyzed by employing on-parametric technique, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The study results suggested that Islamic banks in other MENA countries and North Africa on an average are relatively technically inefficient. This might be due to the underdeveloped banking system in those countries. In addition, the decomposition of technical efficiency into pure technical and scale efficiency shows that on average, the Islamic banks in North Africa counties and other MENA counties are having problems in the allocation of resources between their inputs and outputs mix compare to Islamic banks in GCC.
Experimental Evaluation of Cooperative Voltage Scaling ( CVS ) : A Case Study

Power-efficient design of real-time embedded systems becomes more important as the system functionality is increasingly realized through software. This paper presents a dynamic power management method called cooperative voltage scaling (CVS) and its experimental implementation. The implementation includes design of an operating system, applications, and a supporting hardware platform. We study several factors that are important in implementing CVS and discuss efficiency of CVS through experiment.
Triangle-Comparison Approach and Space Vector Approach to Pulsewidth Modulation in Inverter fed Drives

This paper investigates the equivalence of the two popular approaches to Pulsewidth Modulation (PWM) in induction motor drives, namely the triangle-comparison approach and the space vector approach. It brings out the conditions wherein they are equivalent, and wherein they are not. It shows that the space vector approach is more general, and offers more degrees of freedom, compared to the triangle-comparison approach. Even a limited exploitation of these flexibilities has been reported to have improved the drive performance significantly. This gives adequate motivation to exploit these flexibilities further.
Influence on cultivation conditions in the heterotrophic lipid production of the microalga Chlorella minutissima

Chlorella, among microalgae, has possibly been the most used for feeding, as well as the most researched in heterotrophic growing lately due to the highest lipid yield. The objective of this work was to study the effect of carbon and nitrogen concentration for lipid productivity and biomass production of microalga Chlorella minutissima, cultivated in absence of light. The complete factorial design used was type 22 with three repetitions at the central point, having as glucose concentration factor (1, 5 e 9 g.L-1) and as sodium nitrate (NaNO3) (0.2; 0.75 and 1.3 g.L-1), and total lipid and biomass concentration as responses, with a total number of 7 experiments. The cultivation carried out with 9 g.L-1 of glucose and 0.2 g.L-1 of NaNO3 was the one that presented better lipid concentration (29.38% w/w), better cell growth (0.89 g.L-1) and a lipid profile comprising saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in 26.6% w/w, 62.4% w/w and 11% w/w concentrations, respectively.
Determination of the median lethal concentration (LC50) of mycoinsecticides for the control of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The aim of this study was to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the commercial products Boveril WP® (Beauveria bassiana) and Metarril WP® (Metarhizium anisopliae) on the larvae and pupae of the fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. Insects used in this study came from a laboratory colony. The evaluated product concentrations were 10.00, 15.00, 20.00 and 25.00 g/L of water, which correspond, respectively, to 5.00x109, 7.50x109, 10.00x109 and 12.50x109 viable conidia/L of water for the two products, and in the control only water was applied. Third instar larvae and pupae of C. capitata were used in this study. Results showed an overall mortality of larvae with all conidial concentrations of M. anisopliae. The LC50 values for larvae were 2.99 and 2.97 g/L for Boveril® and Metarril®, respectively, while for pupae they were 3.12 and 4.74 g/L for Boveril® and Metarril®, respectively. The high pathogenicity demonstrated by lower conidial concentrations of the tested products may mean greater efficiency from both economic and environmental points of view.
INFLUENCE OF GAMMA RADIATION ON IN VITRO GROWTH MICROTUBERSATION AND HORMONAL CONTENT OF SOME POTATO ( SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L . ) CULTIVARS

Gamma irradiation, which is a mutagen used in vegetable and crop plant breeding is expected to induce novel mutations and alteration agents in developing a genetic variety. The objective of this study was to assess the vegetative growth, plant hormonal parameters and yield of three cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Arnova, Lizeta and Safari) which were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Gy) respectively, using in vitro techniques. The results of the experiment showed that Arnova was significantly superior in plant height, number of leaves, microtubers fresh weight, IAA and GA hormones content. Furthermore, the microtubers reached (7.25 cm, 10.5 leaf, 0.4 g, 0.673 μg.g-1 and 1.3 μg.g-1 in microtubers) respectively per plant. The total yield per plant and the percentage representing the number of tubers with the size 1.5-2 cm, reached (9.3, 26.56, 6.34 % and 47 %) respectively. However, Lizeta significantly differed from Arnova and Safari in the total yield which reached (0.72, 0.55, and 0.62 g) respectively. The gamma radiation (2.5 Gy) increased the average plant height significantly, and the number of shoots and tubers were determined to have a significant increment ratio (1.86 %, 19.04 %) which was the average compared to the control treatment. The interaction of the Arnova and 2.5 Gy was significantly superior in the total yield reaching (0.9 g per explant), while Lizeta at 2.5 Gy significantly superior in a number of tubers reaching 2.8 tubers per explant. From the previous results, the best growth was observed in the total yield of microtubers at the dose 2.5 Gy in Arnova or Lizeta cultivar.
Nonparametric inference of interaction laws in systems of agents from trajectory data

Significance Particle and agent-based systems are ubiquitous in science. The complexity of emergent patterns and the high dimensionality of the state space of such systems are obstacles to the creation of data-driven methods for inferring the driving laws from observational data. We introduce a nonparametric estimator for learning interaction kernels from trajectory data, scalable to large datasets, statistically optimal, avoiding the curse of dimensionality, and applicable to a wide variety of systems from Physics, Biology, Ecology, and Social Sciences. Inferring the laws of interaction in agent-based systems from observational data is a fundamental challenge in a wide variety of disciplines. We propose a nonparametric statistical learning approach for distance-based interactions, with no reference or assumption on their analytical form, given data consisting of sampled trajectories of interacting agents. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our estimators both by providing theoretical guarantees that avoid the curse of dimensionality and by testing them on a variety of prototypical systems used in various disciplines. These systems include homogeneous and heterogeneous agent systems, ranging from particle systems in fundamental physics to agent-based systems that model opinion dynamics under the social influence, prey–predator dynamics, flocking and swarming, and phototaxis in cell dynamics.
Revealing hidden spin-momentum locking in a high-temperature cuprate superconductor

Revealing spin-orbit coupling in a cuprate Strong coupling between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom is crucial in generating the exotic band structure of topological insulators. The combination of spin-orbit coupling with electronic correlations could lead to exotic effects; however, these two types of interactions are rarely found to be strong in the same material. Gotlieb et al. used spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to map out the spin texture in the cuprate Bi2212. Surprisingly, they found signatures of spin-momentum locking, not unlike that seen in topological insulators. Thus, in addition to strong electronic correlations, this cuprate also has considerable spin-orbit coupling. Science, this issue p. 1271 Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals a rich spin texture in the cuprate Bi2212. Cuprate superconductors have long been thought of as having strong electronic correlations but negligible spin-orbit coupling. Using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we discovered that one of the most studied cuprate superconductors, Bi2212, has a nontrivial spin texture with a spin-momentum locking that circles the Brillouin zone center and a spin-layer locking that allows states of opposite spin to be localized in different parts of the unit cell. Our findings pose challenges for the vast majority of models of cuprates, such as the Hubbard model and its variants, where spin-orbit interaction has been mostly neglected, and open the intriguing question of how the high-temperature superconducting state emerges in the presence of this nontrivial spin texture.
Farmers Attitudes Concerning On-Farm Research: Kansas Survey Results

In 1993, a survey was mailed to elicit the opinions of active farmers about on-farm research (OFR), to determine their preferences for collaborative OFR, and their attitudes about research station‐based research. The samples were derived from three groups of farmers: those on a list kept by the Kansas Agricultural Statistics (KAS) office, members of the Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA), and those on the mailing list of the Kansas Rural Center (KRC), an organization with an explicit commitment to sustainable agriculture. Our results found that most farmers engaged in OFR, either on their own initiative or in collaboration with outside groups. The majority of farmers expressed a desire to cooperate to a greater extent in OFR and a willingness to contribute resources and time to aid in that effort. Another notable result was the willingness of farmers to consult, and share information concerning OFR with other farmers. Differences were found between the KRC sample compared with the KAS and KFMA samples in that OFR related work was particularly important to farmers with an explicit sustainable agriculture orientation, who tended to be less convinced of the usefulness of research station‐based research and the research activities of commercial firms. Kansas Rural Center farmers wanted more say in the design and implementation of such OFR than did the KAS and KFMA farmers. Our findings support the conclusion that every effort should be made to involve farmers as partners in the research process rather than as someone for whom research is done.
Optimization of Bio-Methane Production from Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-digestion of Pig Manure and Vegetable Residue

This paper aims to investigate the effect of alkaline pretreatment concentration, composition of organic waste, and organic loading rate on anaerobic digestion of mixed waste, consisting of pig manure and vegetable waste, on the production of bio-methane. Experiments were conducted in a 60 L semi-continuous polyethylene digester at ambient temperature using water displacement technique to monitor gas production. The optimized pretreatment and methane production conditions were found to be 2.0% (w/w) NaOH concentration, organic loading rate of 1.2 kg VS m d and vegetable residual or 20 % in the organic waste. The amount of methane achieved at this optimized condition is 0.691 m kgVS. A second order polynomial equation was formulated to solve for the amount of methane produced. Predicted acquired from this formula was found to have a R of 97.7% which indicate that the predicted results were closed to the actual data obtained from the experiment. It can be concluded from Box-Behnken design experiment that the pretreatment of vegetable residual with NaOH solution have a positive effect on the production of methane.