Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpretative Reflections on Nomzi’s Story

Abstract In this, the second of two papers, three interpretative investigations are undertaken of Nomzi’s story (presented in the first paper) of her troubled childhood, her dreams of ancestors calling her to become an igqirha (isiXhosa traditional healer), her training by experienced healers, various rituals that were performed at different stages of her life, and her eventual graduation as an igqirha at the age of 61. The narrative cannot be understood apart from the framework of the isiXhosa traditional understanding of intwaso, the initiatory illness, the role of the ancestors, and the manner in which clairvoyant abilities of divination and healing are developed under their guidance. Nomzi’s account, however, reflects a considerable modification of the tradition, several features of which she does not seem to understand herself. From a clinical psychological perspective, Nomzi’s behavioural disturbances in childhood, as well as her lifelong suspiciousness and paranoia, can be understood as a consequence of an unstable childhood in which there was no secure attachment, nor any adult guidance on emotional regulation of the kind needed to form the basis of a stable adult personality. From the perspective of transpersonal psychology, it seems likely that Nomzi was endowed with a degree of natural clairvoyance, but her development as a healer was impaired by displacement of her paranoid ideation into the role of witch-finder, and her chronic social alienation.
Entrepreneurial Success: An Exploratory Study among Entrepreneurs

The main objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial factors and entrepreneurial success. Using a simple random sampling technique, 163 entrepreneurs with at least three years of business operations were selected as our respondents. Data were gathered through a self-monitored questionnaire survey. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationship between the entrepreneurial factors and entrepreneurial success. Based on the means analyses, religious duty/honesty factor is perceived as the most significant factor affecting entrepreneurial success, followed by communication skills and strong will of the entrepreneurs. This study confirmed that several entrepreneurial factors are significantly related to the entrepreneur’s success. These factors include the ability of entrepreneurs to access information, their leadership styles, and their support from others. Nevertheless, entrepreneurs’ ability to seize relevant information is found to be the most significant factor contributing to their success.
Verbal Communication Behaviors: How Male and Female University Students Interact in Gendered Talks

With the existence of language and gender studies emphasizing the male and female dichotomy in interactional strategies, this study aimed to investigate the verbal communication behaviors of language classroom mixed-gender and same-gender group conversations involving the same interlocutors. The transcribed data obtained from the three fifteen-minute recorded group interactions indicated that questions and expressions of agreement were the typical behaviors employed by the interlocutors. The results showed that aside from the gender of the interlocutor and the gender composition of the group, the nature of talk and the group size influence the use of particular behaviors. The findings have implications on providing a locally-acquired data on classroom peer talks in the field of language and gender.
A Meta-analysis of Greater Sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus Nesting and Brood-rearing Habitats

Abstract The distribution and range of the greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus have been reduced by 56% since the European settlement of western North America. Although there is an unprecedented effort to conserve the species, there is still considerable debate about the vegetation composition and structure required for nesting and brood-rearing habitat. We conducted a meta-analysis of vegetation characteristics recorded in studies at nest sites (N = 24) and brood habitats (N = 8) to determine if there was an overall effect (Hedge's d) of habitat selection and to estimate average canopy cover of sagebrush Artemisia spp. , grass and forbs, and also height of grass at nest sites and brood-rearing areas. We estimated effect sizes from the difference between use (nests and brood areas) and random sampling points for each study, and derived an overall effect size across all studies. Sagebrush cover (d++ = 0.39; 95% C.I.: 0.19-0.54) and grass height (d++ = 0.28; 95% C.I.: 0.13-0.42) were greater at nest sites than at random locations. Vegetation at brood areas had less sagebrush cover (d++ = -0.17; 95% C.I.: -0.44 - +0.18), significantly taller grasses (d++ = 0.31; 95% C.I.: 0.14-0.45), greater forb (d++ = 0.48; 95% C.I.: 0.30-0.67) and grass cover (d++ = 0.17; 95% C.I.: 0.08-0.27) than at random locations. These patterns were especially evident when we examined early (< 6 weeks post hatching) and late brood-rearing habitats separately. The overall estimates of nest and brood area vegetation variables were consistent with those provided in published guidelines for the management of greater sage-grouse.
Indigenous Techniques of Grain Storage: The Dawanau Grain Market Experience

The paper attempts to document and assess the indigenous techniques of storing grains in one of the largest West African Grain Market; the Dawanau market in Kano metropolis. The methods used include: Field inventory; Focus Group Discussion (FGD); In-depth interviews; and Entomological identification of specimen. The result shows that indigenous techniques are vehemently used in storing grains as against the conventional modern techniques. These include: indigenous biological pest control ( Gwargwadoma ); herbs (wild sorrel); hot-pepper; and air-tired containers (drums). The use of Gwargwadoma appeared to be the most dominant and common method of large scale grain storage. The Gwargwadoma insects are now being raised and sold out as a commodity. It is therefore recommended that the technique of Gwargwadoma usage should be improved and the biological properties of the Gwargwadoma insects should be fully researched. Keywords : Indigenous; Grain; Storage; Techniques
Possibilities for fire as a management tool on Kras (SW Slovenia): a bird's perspective

The response of birds to wildfires in sub-Mediterranean areas and the possibleuse of fire as a nature management tool in Kras (SW Slovenia) is reviewed. In recent years the limestone region called Kras was forested with Austrian Pine Pinus nigrd and became more and more overgrown by bushes and trees due to depopulation and land abandonment, which has made it more vulnerable to fire. The latter patterns in particular are occurring throughoutthe whole subMediterranean area and are affecting bird diversity drastically. Bird mortality during fires is low. For the first few years aftera fire the richness and abundance of bird species decrease, and the species composition turnover rate is very high, from open habitat species to scrubland species. However, birds will colonise the burned area only when there is a neighbouring source population. In addition, larger burned areas are colonised more quickly than smaller ones. It is assumed that many birds will emigrate, while a number of species will adapt their territory size, nesting and foraging behaviour to the changed habitat. The severity of the habitat alteration and the change in food availability affect bird population dynamics. Bird species composition changes in parallel with vegetation succession. The effects of different aspects of fire, such as the size of the burned area, fire intensity, fire frequency and burning season, are reviewed. There are still many gaps in our knowledge of bird responses to fire, such as bird emigration after fires. However the impact of fire on birds is apparentlynot always detrimental and can even have a positive effect on populations. We therefore emphasize the importance of the continuation of research into the possibilities of fire as a management tool.
Bamboo cellulosic pulp produced by the ethanol/water process for reinforcement applications

A polpacao organossolve e o processo quimico limpo que utiliza solventes orgânicos para remocao de lignina e hemicelulose de materias-primas lignocelulosicas. Esse metodo proporciona a facilidade de recuperacao do solvente no final do processo. Neste trabalho foi produzida polpa celulosica de bambu pelo processo organossolve, avaliando diferentes temperaturas e tempos de reacao, e as polpas foram analisadas visando a futura aplicacao para reforco de compositos. A producao de polpa de bambu pelo processo organossolve foi estudado variando as condicoes de cozimento de 1, 2 e 3 h a 150, 170 e 190° C, a fim de alcancar as condicoes ideais de rendimento e caracteristicas quimicas e fisicas da polpa para a potencial aplicacao em reforco de compositos. Os melhores resultados para a deslignificacao (numero de kappa 38), com a degradacao da fibra relativamente baixa (viscosidade de 625 cm3 g-1), razao de aspecto de 40,4 e o indice zero span de 204 Nm g-1, foram obtidos pelo processo de polpacao a 190°C durante 2h. Essa condicao de polpacao pode ser considerada como a mais adequada em relacao aos demais intervalos de tempo estudados no presente trabalho. A maior resistencia mecânica e menor incidencia de defeitos morfologicos na fibra (6,0% de curls e de 10,6% de kinks) podem demonstrar o potencial da polpa organossolve bambu como elemento de reforco.
Effects of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) supplementation on performance and egg characteristics of old breeder hens : : short communication

A study was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing the diet of breeder hens with a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) premix, containing 509 g fatty acid salts/kg of which 285 g were calcium butyrate, on their eggshell characteristics and the hatching percentage of the eggs. One thousand six hundred 66-week old White Bovans laying breeder hens were used in this experiment. They were housed in eight identical pens, each containing 200 birds, and four pens were used per treatment. The SCFA premix was included at 1000 mg/kg in the treatment diet, and fed for a period of nine weeks. Responses were compared with an unsupplemented treatment. Supplementation started when the hens were 66 weeks old. From day 75 eggs were collected for the next seven weeks and the occurrence of cracked, dirty and misshapen eggs was recorded, and the hatching percentage of the eggs was determined. Eggshell strength was lower in eggs from the control (1.76 ± 0.05) than from the treatment group (2.07 ± 0.03). The percentage of eggs produced by the control group (68.6 ± 0.08) was significantly lower than that by the supplemented group (71.5 ± 0.15). Percentage of dirty, cracked and misshapen eggs, and the hatchability percentage of the control group (1.15 ± 0.03, 3.44 ± 0.05, 6.27 ± 0.03 and 88.93 ± 0.06, respectively) were also significantly lower than in the group receiving SCFA (0.47 ± 0.03, 2.21 ± 0.03, 3.81 ± 0.03 and 93.36 ± 0.05, respectively). It was concluded that dietary supplementation of SCFA to layer breeder hens from 66 weeks of age onwards improved eggshell strength, reduced the percentage of dirty, cracked and misshapen eggs and increased the hatching percentage of the eggs. The positive responses were suggested to be largely due to the butyrate in the SCFA. Keywords : Butyrate; SCFA; eggshell quality; hatching characteristics South African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 37 (3) 2007: pp.158-163
Pathophysiological Effects of Azorubine on Female Reproductive Organs and Hormones in Sprague DawleyÂ® Rat

Monitoring of negative effects of the chemical additives in food and environment is an important function of quality control laboratories around the world. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of various doses of azorubine (AZ) on ovary histopathology in female Sprague Dawley® rats, in addition to testing some of the hematological parameters and hormones of the experimental groups. We found that there were various moderate to severe changes in the ovary histopathology at different doses of treatment. As well as, the hormone levels are affected drastically by the effect of different doses of AZ. On the other hand, hematological outcomes are not so significantly affected by this synthetic dye. Finally, we conclude that AZ can be considered as one of the most important causes of infertility, hormonal disturbances and irregular menstruation in the female that should be banned from the foodstuff that are imported to our country from other countries.
The Plague of Justinian and Other Scourges An analysis of the Anomalies in the Development of the Iron Age population in Finland

Analyse quantitative, utilisant differentes methodes statistiques, du corpus des sepultures fouillees datees de l'Age du Fer en Finlande, dans le but d'isoler et de definir les anomalies du developpement des structures funeraires qui refletent probablement des perturbations dans l'accroissement de la population. Differentes theories explicatives sont recherchees.
Embryo and recipient contributions to pregnancy loss following the transfer of cloned embryos derived from foetal and adult somatic cells

The purpose of this paper is to report on the reproductive outcomes following the transfer of cloned bovine embryos produced following somatic cell nuclear transfer. All recipients received two embryos. In Expt 1 (19 recipients), donor cells were derived from a 34 day old female foetus, while adult cows were used as the genetic donors in both Expt 2 (Lady from Enderby Island, 38 recipients) and Expt 3 (Elizabeth, a high genetic merit Friesian, 56 recipients). Overall, embryo survival rate to term was 12%, with little affect of experiment. This compares unfavourably with the reported 30-35% survival rate to term in embryos generated using in vitro production procedures without nuclear transfer. Of all transferred embryos, 36% were competent to survive to term. Furthermore, only 36% of the recipients were competent enough to support a pregnancy to term. We conclude that actual embryo survival is lower with nuclear transfer and IVP technology because both embryo and recipient competence is compromised.
1 3 D Magnetostatic with the Finite Formulation

The paper presents the solution of a 3D magnetostatic problem using the Finite Formulation of electromagnetic field. Two different approaches, based on a primal-dual barycentric discretisation of the 3D space, are presented, considering as unknowns either the magnetic fluxes or the circulations of the vector potential. Results on simple reference configurations are reported and discussed.
A Multi-band Study of the Remarkable Jet in Quasar 4C+19.44

We present arcsecond-resolution data in the radio, IR, optical, and X-ray for 4C+19.44 (=PKS 1354+195), the longest and straightest quasar jet with deep X-ray observations. We report results from radio images with half to one arcsecond angular resolution at three frequencies, plus Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer data. The Chandra data allow us to measure the X-ray spectral index in 10 distinct regions along the 18″ jet and compare with the radio index. The radio and X-ray spectral indices of the jet regions are consistent with a value of throughout the jet, to within uncertainties. The X-ray jet structure to the south extends beyond the prominent radio jet and connects to the southern radio lobe, and there is extended X-ray emission, both in the direction of the unseen counter-jet, and also coincident with the northern radio lobe. This jet is remarkable because its straight appearance over a large distance allows the geometry factors to be taken as fixed along the jet. Using the model of inverse Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background (iC/CMB) by relativistic electrons, we find that the magnetic field strengths and Doppler factors are relatively constant along the jet. If instead the X-rays are synchrotron emission, they must arise from a population of electrons distinct from the particles producing the radio synchrotron spectrum.
Modelling the seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus in young children

Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research,University of Western Australia, Perth, AustraliaEmail: Alexandra.Hogan@anu.edu. auAbstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections ininfants and young children. The transmission dynamics of RSV infection among young children are stillpoorly understood (Hall et al., 2009) and mathematical modelling can be used to better understand the seasonalbehaviour of the virus. However, few mathematical models for RSV have been published to date (Moore et al.,2013; Weber et al., 2001; Leecaster et al., 2011) and these are relatively simple, in contrast to studies of otherinfectious diseases such as measles and inﬂuenza. A simple SEIRS (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered, Susceptible) type deterministic ordinary dif-ferential equation model for RSV is constructed and then expanded to capture two separate age classes withdifferent transmission parameters, to reﬂect the age speciﬁc dynamics known to exist for RSV. Parameters inthe models are based on the available literature.In temperate climates, RSV dynamics are highly seasonal with mid-winter peaks and very low levels of ac-tivity during summer months. Often there is an observed biennial seasonal pattern in southern Australia withalternating peak sizes in winter months. To model this seasonality the transmission parameter β(t)is taken tovary sinusoidally with higher transmission during winter months, such as in models presented in Keeling andRohani (2008) for infections such as measles and pertussis:β(t)=β
Caries Diagnosis in the Mixed Dentition Using ICDAS II

Objective: To assess the dental caries prevalence with ICDAS II in the mixed dentition, 40 children aged 7 to 11 years old, participating in a social program, whose parents and/or guardians signed a informed consent form. Material and Methods: Clinical examination was carried out after brushing. A single researcher performed the examination and the diagnosis consistency was obtained by Kappa coefficient in 12% of the sample. All dental surfaces were examined receiving a two-digit code. The first one refers to the presence of restoration/sealant and the second, the severity of carious lesions. The data was processed at SPSS software version 10.0 and analyzed using descriptive statistics (absolute distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation). Results: The coefficient intra-examiner agreement was 0,83. Caries prevalence was considered high because 100% of the children had some surface with non-cavitated caries lesion. ICDAS II can be easily transformed to dmf-s or DMF-S without compromising its integrity. For dmf-s/DMF-S decayed surfaces were considered ICDAS codes 3 to 6, resulting in a dmf-s = 6,57 where 11 children (27,5%) presented no decayed deciduous teeth surface. DMF-S = 2,0 showed that 15 children (37,5%) had none decayed permanent surface, determining a underestimation of the caries disease when using dmf-d/dmf-s and DMF-S indexes. Conclusion: A careful viewing of initial caries lesions makes ICDAS II usefull in evaluating the health promotion actions impact, supporting the planning process, implementation and evaluation of program activities.
Morphological and Optical Study of Sol-Gel SpinCoated Nanostructured CdSThin Films

Nanostructured CdS thin films of different thicknesses were deposited on a cleaned glass substrate using sol-gel spin coating technique. CdS thin films were prepared using cadmium acetate as cadmium source and thiourea as sulfur source. The Morphological, chemical composition, and optical properties of the spin- coated CdS thin film were studied using field emission- scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X -ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer.The morphological results revealed that the films consist of agglomerated spherical CdS nanoparticles with diameter 90% and very strong absorption edge at 295 nm.The absorption edge shifts towards longer wavelength as the film thickness increased. Keywords: CdS film, EDX, FE-SEM, optical properties, and Spin coating
Using the communities of practice framework to examine an after‐school environmental education program for Hispanic youth

Environmental education researchers have called for a greater analysis of ‘learning’ in environmental education in relation to contemporary theories and explanatory frameworks of learning. Situated learning, as a prominent example, is a sociocultural theory that contends that learning is a social process that occurs as individuals participate in ‘communities of practice’. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the usefulness and applicability of the communities of practice framework to the analysis of learning in environmental education, focusing on the learning in after‐school environmental education programs for Hispanic youth. Results suggest that the framework can be applied to identify some environmental education programs as communities of practice, characterized by the development of joint enterprise, mutual engagement, and shared repertoire. The framework was also found to be useful in identifying and describing learning as bringing about changes in identity formation as a result of participation in the programs. Finally, we suggest that such programs, due to their free‐choice nature and multiple opportunities for participation, also offer suitable contexts for further research regarding the relevance of sociocultural theories of learning to environmental education practice.
Flea beetles (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) species occurring on Amaranthus spp. in Slovakia.

Occurrence and abundance of flea beetle species associated with Amaranthus spp. was studied in Slovakia with the aim to assess their potential as biological control agents. Insects were collected by sweeping/catching at 10 localities three times during the growing season. Together 13 species from the subfamily Alticinae were collected on A. retroflexus L. and A. caudatus L. plants by sweeping net. They were Altica oleracea (L.), Chaetocnema concinna (Marsh.), C. leavicolis Thoms. , C. tibialis (Ill.), Longitarsus longipennis Kutsch. , L. melanocephalus Deg. , L. nasturtii (F). , L. pellucidus Foudras, Phyllotreta atra (F.), P. cruciferae (Goeze), P. nigripes (F.), P. vittula (Redt.) and Psylliodes chrysocephala (L.). C. tibialis contained 41.17- 97.45 percent of all flea beetles population and it was found at all observed localities. It comprised 94.85-99.74 percent of flea beetles on cultivated A. caudatus. Another two Chaetocnema species, C. concinna and C. leavicollis did not overcome more than one percent of C. tibialis population. P. vittula was present at each locality. All the other species occurred on Amaranthus plants were probably concomitant. Species composition of subfamily Alticinae on cultivated species A. caudatus did not differ significantly from those on A. retroflexus.