Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fish fauna associated with drifting sea weeds in the Chikuzen Sea, northern Kyushu, Japan

From 2002 to 2006, the fish fauna associated with sea weeds drifting in the Chikuzen Sea, northern Kyushu, Japan, was examined. The total numbers of species and individuals collected were 51 and 5475, respectively. The five dominant species, accounting for approximately 80% of the total individuals, were Rudarius ercodes, Stephanolepis cirrhifer, Petroscirtes breviceps, Sebastes thompsoni and Paramonacanthus japonicus. The number of species and individuals increased significantly with the increase in water temperature, reaching maxima during early summer and autumn, respectively. Combining the present and previous data (∼50 years ago), the appearance patterns of the fishes associated with drifting sea weed were classified into the following four types: (i) long periods (continuously for 3 months or more) and autumn (LA); (ii) spring (SP); (iii) summer (SU); and (iv) rare (R). In more than half of the species, there were no changes in the appearance patterns between the present and previous studies. However, in the present study, the appearance patterns of several species changed from LA to R (Oplegnathus punctatus and Kyphosus cinerascens) and from R to LA and SU (Abudefduf vaigiensis and Hyperoglyphe japonica, respectively).
Seasonal variations of sea ice and ocean circulation in the Bering Sea: A model‐data fusion study

[1] A 9-km coupled ice-ocean model (CIOM) was implemented in the entire Bering Sea to investigate seasonal cycles of sea ice and ocean circulation under atmospheric forcing. Sea ice cover with a maximum of 0.6 × 106 km2 in February to late March was reasonably reproduced by the Bering-CIOM and validated by Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) measurements. The model also captures some important spatial variability and downscaling processes such as polynyas and ridging, which the SSM/I measurements cannot reproduce because of their coarse (25 km) resolution. There are two distinct surface ocean circulation patterns in winter and summer on the Bering shelves because of the dominant winds, which are northeasterly in winter and southwesterly in summer. Summer low-temperature, high-salinity water mass (<3°C) on the Bering shelf is formed locally during winter because of strong vertical convection caused by salt injection when ice forms, wind, and wind-wave mixing on the shelf. The northward volume transport across the 62.5°N line, with an annual mean of 0.8 ± 0.33 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) that is consistent with the measurements in the Bering Strait, has barotropic structure, which transports heat flux (with an annual mean of 7.74 TW; 1 TW = 1012 W) northward. The Anadyr Current advects warmer, saltier water northward during summer; nevertheless, it reverses its direction to southward during winter because of predominant northeasterly and northerly wind forcing. Therefore, the Anadyr Current advects cold, salty water southward. The volume transport on the broad midshelf is northward year round, advecting heat (3.3 ± 2.4 TW) and freshwater (−8 ± 10 × 104 practical salinity unit (psu) m3 s−1) northward. One important finding is that the Anadyr Current and the midshelf current are out of phase in volume and heat transports. The Alaskan Coastal Current also transports heat and freshwater northward on an annual basis. The Bering-CIOM also captures the winter dense water formation along the Siberian coast, which is promoted by the downwelling favorable northeasterly wind, and the summer upwelling due to the basin-scale upwelling favorable southwesterly wind, which brings up the cold, salty, and nutrient-rich water from the subsurface to the surface within a narrow strip along the west coast. This upwelling found in the model was also confirmed by satellite measurements in this study.
Analysis of grlA Mutations in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with Different Levels of Quinolone Resistance

Some years ago the Staphylococcus aureus DNA topoiso-merase IV genes were cloned and named grlA and grlB ([2][1]). Alterations in the GrlA subunit have been associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates ([2][1]). Further work with laboratory mutants supported data which indicated
Radiotherapy alone for clinical T4 skin carcinoma of the head and neck with surgery reserved for salvage.

PURPOSE To evaluate the outcomes of definitive radiotherapy in the treatment of clinical stage T4 cutaneous carcinomas of the head and neck. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between October 1964 and September 1997, 85 patients with 88 biopsy-proven clinical AJCC stage T4 carcinomas of the skin of the head and neck received radiotherapy with curative intent. A total of 43 lesions were previously untreated, and 45 were recurrent after other treatment modalities. Histologic types of carcinoma included squamous cell (37 lesions), basal cell (41 lesions), and metatypical basal (basosquamous) cell (10 lesions). Minimum follow-up was 2 years. The product-limit method was used to determine the rates of disease control, severe late complications, and survival. Multivariate analyses included histology, previous treatment, involvement of bone or nerve, number of structures invaded, node stage, external beam dose, and overall treatment time. RESULTS At 5 years, the rates of local control after radiotherapy and ultimate local control after salvage surgery were 53% and 90%, respectively. Local control rates were better for patients having previously untreated lesions (P =.05). Regional and ultimate regional control rates were 93% and 100%, respectively, and were better for previously untreated lesions (P <.01), basal cell histology or its metatypical variant (P =.04), and absence of bone invasion (P =.08). At 5 years, the risk of severe late complications was 17%, the risk of distant metastasis was 5%, and the overall absolute and cause-specific survival probabilities were 56% and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSION Radiotherapy alone results in a relatively high probability of cure for selected patients with T4 skin cancers.
The Dose‐Response Effects of Ethanol on the Human Fetal Osteoblastic Cell Line

Alcohol is a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis, especially in men. Chronic alcohol abuse decreases bone mass, which contributes to the increased incidence of fractures. To better understand the mechanism of action of ethanol on bone metabolism, we have studied the dose‐response effects of ethanol on conditionally immortalized human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB) in culture. Ethanol treatment had no significant effects on osteoblast number after 1 day or 7 days. Ethanol treatment did not reduce type I collagen protein levels at either time point at any dose but slightly reduced alkaline phosphatase activity after 7 days. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and osteonectin were unaltered by 24 h of ethanol treatment but a high dose (200 mM) reduced mRNA levels for the two bone matrix proteins after 7 days. Ethanol treatment led to dose‐dependent increases in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) mRNA levels and decreases in TGF‐β2 mRNA levels. The concentration of ethanol in the medium decreased with time because of evaporation but there was little degradation caused by metabolism. These results, which show that cultured osteoblasts are less sensitive than osteoblasts in vivo, suggest that the pronounced inhibitory effects of ethanol on bone formation are not caused by direct cell toxicity.
Effect of Chronic and Acute Thyroid Hormone Reduction on Perioperative Outcome

Depressed serum thyroid hormone concentrations from either preexisting chronic hypothyroidism or induced by physiologic stress may affect clinical outcome in the perioperative period. This article discusses the various forms of thyroid hormone, the effect of hypothyroidism on patients undergoing surgery, the general role of thyroid hormone supplementation in the perioperative period, and the use of triiodothyronine as a possible inotropic agent in the setting of cardiac surgery. In addition, we review alterations in thyroid hormone associated with brain death and the possible role of thyroid hormone supplementation in the setting of organ harvest procedures.
Gender Differences in How Retirees Perceive Factors Influencing Unretirement

Returning to paid employment after retirement is occurring in many developed countries and can be expected to increase in the future. This study compared how women (n = 202) and men (n = 347) who had retired from a managerial or professional career occupation perceived factors associated with unretirement. Retired professional women perceived reasons to unretire, age-friendly human resource practices, and re-entry barriers to have greater influence on retirees' decision to unretire than retired managerial women and retired men. Both groups of retired women perceived training and development opportunities to have more influence than retired men. A major contribution of this study is the identification of pre-retirement career occupation as having an important effect on how female, but not male, retirees perceived the various factors. The findings suggest that researchers and employers need to consider the diversity that exists among retirees, not only gender differences but also differences among retired career women.
Differences in two Pseudomonas aeruginosa cbb3 cytochrome oxidases

Bacterial cytochrome cbb3 oxidases are members of the haeme‐copper oxidase superfamily that are important for energy conservation by a variety of proteobacteria under oxygen‐limiting conditions. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is unusual in possessing two operons that each potentially encode a cbb3 oxidase (cbb3‐1 or cbb3‐2). Our results demonstrate that, unlike typical enzymes of this class, the cbb3‐1 oxidase has an important metabolic function at high oxygen tensions. In highly aerated cultures, cbb3‐1 abundance and expression were greater than that of cbb3‐2, and only loss of cbb3‐1 influenced growth. Also, the activity of cbb3‐1, not cbb3‐2, inhibited expression of the alternative oxidase CioAB and thus influenced a signal transduction pathway much like that found in the α‐proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Cbb3‐2 appeared to play a more significant role under oxygen limitation by nature of its increased abundance and expression compared to highly aerated cultures, and the regulation of the cbb3‐2 operon by the putative iron‐sulphur protein Anr. These results indicate that each of the two P. aeruginosa cbb3 isoforms have assumed specialized energetic and regulatory roles.
From Olive Drupes to Olive Oil. An HPLC-Orbitrap-based Qualitative and Quantitative Exploration of Olive Key Metabolites

Abstract The aim of the current study was the qualitative exploration and quantitative monitoring of key olive secondary metabolites in different production steps (drupes, paste, first and final oil) throughout a virgin olive oil production line. The Greek variety Koroneiki was selected as one of the most representative olives, which is rich in biological active compounds. For the first time, an HPLC-Orbitrap platform was employed for both qualitative and quantitative purposes. Fifty-two components belonging to phenyl alcohols, secoiridoids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and lactones were identified based on HRMS and HRMS/MS data. Nine biologically and chemically significant metabolites were quantitatively determined throughout the four production steps. Drupes and paste were found to be rich in several components, which are not present in the final oil. The current study discloses the chemical nature of different olive materials in a successive and integrated way and reveals new sources of high added value constituents of olives.
Medication adherence part one: Understanding and assessing the problem

Purpose: This is the first of a three‐part series on medication adherence in which the authors describe the continuum of adherence to nonadherence of medication usage. Data sources: Research articles through MEDLINE and PubMed. Conclusions: Understanding the magnitude and scope of the problem of medication nonadherence is the first step in reaching better adherence rates. The second step is to evaluate the risk factors for each patient for medication adherence/nonadherence. The third step is to assess for adherence. The process will continue with a consistent systematic process to evaluate continual adherence. Implications for practice: The implications for nurse practitioners include using time with patients to assist them in adherence, building a trusting relationship with patients, and developing protocols for assessing and preventing nonadherence.
Anidulafungin: an echinocandin antifungal

Anidulafungin (LY-303366, V-echinocandin™, Vicuron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) is a new echinocandin antifungal agent with broad spectrum activity against Candida and Aspergillus spp. Anidulafungin exhibits low toxicity, concentration-dependent fungicidal activity for Candida, and a prolonged post antifungal effect (> 12h). In vitro activity demonstrates excellent potency and spectrum versus azole-susceptible and -resistant Candida spp. and a low minimum effective concentration for Aspergillus spp. In vivo anidulafungin is fungicidal against Candida in neutropenic animal models of disseminated candidiasis. Against Candida anidulafungin exhibits concentration-dependent killing and clearance of residual fungal burden in target organs (liver, lung, spleen, kidney) and plasma/tissue concentrations exceed the minimum inhibitory and minimum fungicidal concentrations of the infecting organism throughout the dosing interval. Although the activity of anidulafungin in animal models of pulmonary or disseminated aspergillosis shows increased survival and improvement in the pulmonary infarct score, the effect on residual fungal burden and Aspergillus antigenemia determination does not indicate in vivo fungicidal activity. It seems that the major effect of anidulafungin and other echinocandins in vivo against Aspergillus spp. is the decrease in the angioinvasive potential of the organisms. Clinically, anidulafungin has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis and candidemia. Further clinical application of this new antifungal agent is warranted.
An investigation of the relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption with different industrial structures in different regions in China

Since the late 1970s, the investigation of relationship between economic growth and energy (electricity) consumption has been carried on and it has become an research focus in recent years. This study classified 28 China provinces into three parts according to different industrial structures. Dynamic error correction model is presented to investigate the relationships and directions of causality between electricity consumption and economic growth of each area. The empirical results show that there are co-integration relationships between electricity consumption and economic growth in the whole country and a unidirectional causality running from electricity consumption to economic growth in the long run. However, in the short term, there are different relationships between electricity consumption and economic growth in different areas because of different industrial structures. In the high secondary industry share of GDP area, there is the bidirectional causality between electricity consumption and economic growth. Nevertheless, a unidirectional causality runs from economic growth to electricity consumption in the area with low secondary industry share of GDP. Empirical results indicate the difference of correlation between electricity consumption and economic growth in different regions and this should be taken into account in the design of regional energy policies.
Immunological comparison of HIV‐1-, HIV‐2− and dually‐reactive women delivering in Abidjan, Côte d'lvoire

Objectives.To compare the basic immunological changes induced by HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection and to assess the immune status of subjects serologically reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 (dually-reactive). Design.Immune parameters were studied cross-sectionally in women delivering in Abidjan, Côte d'lvoire, West Africa, where HIV-1 and HIV-2 are endemic. In this area, a significant number of sera from infected individuals are reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Subjects and methods.Two hundred and twenty-eight women delivering in a major maternity clinic were screened for HIV-1 and HIV-2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seropositivity was confirmed by Western blot. The immune parameters studied were CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin (lg) serum levels, neopterin and β2-microglobulin (β2M) serum levels. Results.Similar but less pronounced immune changes were present in HIV-2-reactive subjects compared with HIV-1− and dually-reactive subjects. The observed differences between the HIV-seropositive groups could not be explained by differences in age or disease stage but paralleled differences in the frequency of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). The intermediate immune profile of HIV-2-reactives (between seronegatives and HIV-1− and dually-reactives) was most clearly reflected by the number of CD8+ lymphocytes, the CD4:CD8 ratio and the LgG serum level. Median neopterin and β2M levels, though significantly increased in all HIV-seropositive groups, did not differ significantly between HIV-2-, HIV-1− and dually-reactives. Conclusions.HIV-2 infection is associated with typical HIV-related immunological changes. Immunologically, dually-reactives resemble HIV-1-reactives more closely than HIV-2-reactive subjects.
Ultrastructure of Oogenesis in Osmunda cinnamomea var. asiatica

The ultrastructure of oogenesis in the fern Osmunda cinnamomea L. var. asiatica Fernald has been studied by electron microscopy. During oogenesis, numerous vesicles not only moved towards the periphery, but also were arranged in line along the inside of plasmalemma, and in addition aggregated outside the plasmalemma by exocytosis. They released or excreted osmiophilic material. It was observed that a few vesicles containing lamellar osmiophilic material situated closely along the plasmalemma, seemed to break open. Simultaneously, a separation cavity between egg cell and archegonium wall formed. Its width was broader than the other advanced ferns reported previously, and an extra egg membrane occurred outside around the plasmalemma of the egg, its thickness being greater than in Pteridium and Dryopteris. Amyloplasts around the nucleus were filled with large triangular semicircular or subelliptical starch grains, but as the egg matured they progressively decreased. Nucleus was large and flattened, and paired membrane in two to three couples laid within the nucleus, close and parallel to the nuclear membrane. No nuclear evagination was observed. Mitochondria seemed to have been undeveloped, but finally recovered normally.
Association Analysis of 6,736 U.K. Subjects Provides Replication and Confirms TCF7L2 as a Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Gene With a Substantial Effect on Individual Risk

Recent data suggest that common variation in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene is associated with type 2 diabetes. Evaluation of such associations in independent samples provides necessary replication and a robust assessment of effect size. Using four TCF7L2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; including the two most associated in the previous study), we conducted a case-control study in 2,158 type 2 diabetic subjects and 2,574 control subjects and a family-based association analysis in 388 parent-offspring trios all from the U.K. All SNPs showed powerful associations with diabetes in the case-control analysis, with strongest effects at rs7903146 (allele-wise relative risk 1.36 [95% CI 1.24–1.48], P = 1.3 × 10−11). Data were consistent with a multiplicative model. The family-based analyses provided independent evidence for association at all loci (e.g., rs4506565, 62% transmission, P = 7 × 10−5) with no parent-of-origin effects. The frequency of diabetes-associated TCF7L2 genotypes was greater in cases ascertained for positive family history and early onset (rs4606565, P = 0.02); the population-attributable risk, estimated from the least-selected cases, is ∼16%. The overall evidence for association for these variants (P = 4.4 × 10−14 combining case-control and family-based analyses for rs4506565) exceeds genome-wide significance criteria and clearly establishes TCF7L2 as a type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene of substantial importance.
Seasonal Variation of Leg Stiffness in Professional Australian Rules Footballers

Abstract Pruyn, EC, Watsford, ML, Murphy, AJ, Pine, MJ, Spurrs, RW, Cameron, ML, and Johnston, RJ. Seasonal variation of leg stiffness in professional Australian rules footballers. J Strength Cond Res 27(7): 1775–1779, 2013—Leg stiffness (Kleg) is an important component to consider in both performance and injury in the Australian Football League (AFL). Kleg has not yet been examined longitudinally throughout an entire AFL season. A unilateral hop test was used to measure Kleg in the left and right legs of 25 professional AFL players (24.9 ± 4.3 years, 86.8 ± 8.1 kg, 187.0 ± 7.3 cm). Kleg was assessed at least once per month for each participant. Furthermore, the session rate of perceived exertion method was used to quantify the average weekly training loads experienced by the participants. One-way analysis of variance revealed no significant difference between the average monthly bilateral Kleg scores; however, average weekly training loads varied between 1,400 and 2,000 AU, depending on the training period. Thirteen participants were randomly selected to perform hop tests on 2 consecutive weeks. Reliability tests revealed these measurements to have a typical error of the measurement of 4.15% and an intraclass correlation of 0.8, proving the methods to be reliable. Although training intensity appears to vary, Kleg does not fluctuate significantly across an entire AFL season, suggesting that weekly training loads between 1,400 and 2,000 AU may be prescribed without the risk of fluctuating stiffness levels.
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infections in humans at a tertiary care hospital in AP

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections are most common infection caused by bacterial pathogens seen mostly in developing countries. It is one of the common clinical conditions in the patients presenting to the hospitals. A causative agent varies from place to place. OBJECTIVE: Studies are done to know the most common pathogen of urinary tract infections and its antibiotic susceptibility patterns, which is helpful to the clinicians. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 200 mid-stream urine samples collected from the suspected UTI patients were tested microbiologically on CLED agar and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed for the isolated pathogens using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. RESULTS: The rate of culture positivity in females was 91.6% and in males was 40.3%. E-coli was the most frequently isolated urinary pathogen (42.8%), followed by Klebsiella(16.8%) and Acinetobacter (12.9%). E-coli was highly sensitive to Nitrofurantoin(72.7%) and followed by Gentamycin, Imipenam, Nalidixic acid. and it was highly resistant to Ampicillin(3%). Klebsiella was highly sensitive to Impinem (92.3%) and it was highly resistant to Ampicillin. CONCLUSION: Higher prevalence of UTI was seen in females. Gram negative organisms were the most commonly isolated in UTI than gram positive organisms. Among which E.coli is most commonly isolated orgaism showing high sensitive to nitrofurantoin followed by Klebsiella and Acinitobacter.