Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erosional margins and patterns of subsidence in the late Paleozoic west Texas basin and adjoining basins of west Texas and New Mexico

—The West Texas Basin is a complex late Paleozoic basin on the unstable craton. It is a composite of Early Pennsylvanian and Early Permian deformation and Early Pennsylvanian through late Permian subsidence. The postdeformational bowl of subsidence of the West Texas Basin is broadly similar to the subsidence of true intracratonic basins, such as the Michigan and Williston Basins. Unlike these basins, however, the present boundaries of the West Texas Basin do not follow or preserve the original limits of subsidence. The southern, western and to a lesser degree the eastern margins have been altered by pre-Albian uplift and erosion, assisted by Laramide and Tertiary uplift on the western margin. Only the northern margin is preserved, although it is complicated by the neighboring Anadarko Basin. The Pennsylvanian and Permian subsidence continued to the south and west of the preserved basin and probably connected with the Orogrande and Pedregosa Basins. This larger "Permian Basin" contains both the Central Basin axis and the Diablo-Pedernal axis as intrabasin tectonic belts. The post-Permian erosion was probably due to a combination of uplift on the flanks of the Triassic-Jurassic rift complex, which resulted in the opening of the Gulf of Mexico, and uplift on the flanks of the Early Cretaceous Bisbee–Chihuahua Trough. Reconnaissance subsidence analysis of the West Texas Basin discloses a complex pattern of subsidence rates through the Permian. The most rapid tectonic subsidence took place in the Wolfcampian of the southern Delaware Basin, between the Marathon thrust sheets and the Fort Stockton uplift. Flexural subsidence is probably responsible. Post-Wolfcampian (postdeformational) subsidence of unknown origin continued to be centered in the north-south Delaware Basin trough, but extended north and east over a broad area of the Central Basin axis, the Midland Basin and the Northwest shelf to form the "Permian Basin. "
Light-by-light scattering in the presence of magnetic fields

The low-energy light-by-light cross section as determined by the nonlinear Euler-Heisenberg QED Lagrangian is evaluated in the presence of constant magnetic fields. This cross section has a complicated dependence on directions and polarizations. The overall magnitude decreases as the magnetic field is increased from zero, but this trend is reversed for ultrastrong magnetic fields, where the cross section eventually grows quadratically with the magnetic field strength perpendicular to the collision axis. This effect is due to interactions involving the lowest Landau level of virtual Dirac particles; it is absent in scalar QED. An even more dramatic effect is found for virtual charged vector mesons where the one-loop cross section diverges at the critical field strength due to an instability of the lowest Landau level and the possibility of the formation of a superconducting vacuum state. We also discuss (the absence of) implications for the recent observation of light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions.
A new a posteriori error indicator and its mesh optimization for nonlocal concrete damage models

Damage models are often used in finite element simulations of concrete structures. Evaluating the numerical quality of these computations consists in an important task which can be performed by using an error estimator. However, in the framework of nonlocal approaches these estimators seem to be much less abundant in the literature and their implementation requires considerable efforts. In this paper, a new error indicator with relatively less difficulties for its implementation is proposed. Based on local and least squares smoothing techniques, the convergence analyses of the developed indicator is carried out and discussed. The obtained results seem to be in good agreement with those obtained by the use of residual method. In addition the major difficulty to obtain an automatic step-by-step mesh adaptation is highlighted. Nevertheless for a chosen loading step, optimized calculations can be performed and example tests are presented.
Competitive dynamics in the wholesale sector: A qualitative comparative analysis

Research on competitive dynamics has flourished in recent years. While scholars have been able to paint a fine-grained picture of the variables that impact competitive interactions, the research to date lacks an integration of the different themes that have developed in coexistence. While collecting data in the German wholesale sector, this thesis asks: How can managers prevent the loss of revenue, considering the severity of the attack, the economic situation of the attacker, the service capabilities and relationships with partners, when confronted with an attack? This study applies two consecutive methods for data collection: First, six interviews with industry experts were conducted. Based on the interviews, a survey was created. By applying qualitative comparative analysis as research method to the research stream of competitive dynamics, this study considered the social science phenomena of equifinality, conjunctional causality, and asymmetric causality. Contrary to previous findings, the analysis revealed the importance of patience when confronted with a competitive attack. It found that competitive responses have rarely been successful, while the importance of environmental factors was underlined. Furthermore, the relevance of integrating the extended resource based view into the analysis of competitive interactions was shown. Last, the interacting effects of good relationships with customers and suppliers with other factors were found, which either improve the strategic capabilities of a firm to respond to an attack or absorb the negative effect of severe competitive attacks. The importance of integrating multiple factors from different streams is shown by highlighting interrelated effects. More specifically, the ‘good relationships with partners’ factor interacts with action and response characteristics, which emphasizes the need for further studies. In addition, the analysis provides contradictory results regarding the effect of competitive activity on a firm's performance. This thesis recommends managers to resist the temptation to always fight back when they experience a competitive attack. Responses should be carefully considered to avoid escalation. Furthermore, enhancing superior service-levels and good relationships with partners have been shown to be effective safeguards against the negative commercial impacts of competitive actions.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS OF DIFFERENT AGE LEVELS AND FROM DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUNDS.

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the study of the relation ship of environmental stimulation to intellectual development. In particular, with the establishment of programs such as Head Start, the importance of early experience (defined here as the first two years of life) has been in creasingly stressed. In good part, this emphasis on experiences during the early years and their effects upon intellectual functioning is based on previous evidence relating early experiences to the growth and development of sensory structures (Riesen, 1961, 1965), central nervous system physi ology and biochemistry (Levine, 1962; Haywood & Tapp, 1966; Rosen zweig, Krech, Bennett, & Diamond, 1968), curiosity behavior (Sackett & Cory, 1965; White & Castle, 1965; White & Held, 1966; DeNelsky & Den enberg, 1967a, 1967b; Rubenstein, 1967), language (Irwin, 1948, 1960; Hess & Shipman, 1965), emotionality (Denenberg, 1964, 1967), and learning (Denenberg, 1964, 1967). The relevance of early experience for intellectual progress has been seen primarily in studies of orphanage-reared infants, who typically show decrements in measured intellectual functioning (Pasamanick, 1946; Gilliland, 1949; Dennis & Najarian, 1957; Kohen-Raz, 1968), and in successful attempts to modify early intellectual development through specific remediation measures (Skeels, 1936, 1938, 1966; Kirk,
EFFECTS OF SALINE WATER ON TOMATO UNDER SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION: NUTRITIONAL AND FOLIAR ASPECTS

A field experiment on the effects of drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with saline water (6.57 dS m -1 ) on three tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cvs. Rio Tinto, Rio Grande and Nemador) was carried out with the purpose to quantify physiological responses. The aim was to improve irrigation water management under saline conditions of Tunisia. The trial was established in a siltclayey soil with three regimes of irrigation: 100 %, 85 % and 70 % of crop water requirement. Results evidenced a significant difference between the two irrigation systems for the three cultivars. Growth parameters such as leaf area, chlorophyll content and mineral composition of leaves, petioles, stems and roots were affected significantly by the different treatments, particularly for Rio Tinto and Nemador, being Rio Grande the more adapted. The fruit was the organ less affected. Strong accumulation of Na + and Cl - accompanied a reduction in Ca 2+ , K + , Mg 2+ and P content in the case of DI. The distribution of these last necessary elements for plants nutrition under a strong accumulation of Na + and Cl - depends on the cultivar and changes from one organ to another. SDI can be included as an effective option for tomato production in Tunisia.
Palaeodiversity and formation counts: redundancy or bias?

A key question in palaeontology is whether the fossil record taken at face value is adequate to represent true patterns of diversity through time. Some methods of assessing data quality have depended on the commonly observed covariation of palaeodiversity and fossiliferous formation counts through time, based on the assumption that the count of formations containing fossils, to a greater or lesser extent, drives diversity; but what if diversity drives formations? Close study of two fossil records, early tetrapods (Devonian–Jurassic) and dinosaurs, shows how the relationship between new taxa and new fossiliferous formations varies through research time. Initially, each new find represents a new fossiliferous formation and discovery follows the ‘bonanza’ model (fossils drive formations). In unexplored parts of the world, new taxa are identified frequently in new regions/formations. Only after time, in well‐explored continents such as Europe and North America, does collecting style switch to a mix of exploration for new formations and re‐sampling of known fossiliferous formations. Data are most striking for dinosaurs, where the Triassic–Jurassic record largely comprises finds from Europe and North America, where new formation discoveries reached their half‐life in 1914. This contrasts with the Cretaceous, which is dominated by rapidly rising discoveries from regions outside Europe and North America and the formation half‐life for these ‘new’ lands is 1986, showing that 50% of new Cretaceous dinosaur‐bearing formations were identified only in the past 30 years. The relationship between dinosaur‐bearing formations and palaeodiversity then combines three signals in variable amounts, reflecting the original diversity (relative abundances of particular taxa in different formations), redundancy (new fossiliferous formations accruing because of new fossil finds) and sampling (intensity of exploration for new fossiliferous formations, and of search within already‐sampled formations). For fossil vertebrates at least, formation counts of various kinds are poor predictors of sampling, missing, for example, the bonanza samples of Lagerstätten such as the Yixian Formation in China: thousands of specimens, dozens of species, but counted as one formation. These observations suggest that formation count cannot be regarded as an unbiased metric of sampling.
Do Negative Interest Rates Make Banks Less Safe?

We study the impact of increasingly negative central bank policy rates on banks’ propensity to become undercapitalized in a financial crisis (‘SRisk’). We find that the risk impact of negative rates depends on banks’ business models: Large banks with diversified income streams are perceived as less risky, while smaller and more traditional banks are perceived as more risky. Policy rate cuts below zero trigger different SRisk responses than an earlier cut to zero.
Dust Attenuation Curves in the Local Universe: Demographics and New Laws for Star-forming Galaxies and High-redshift Analogs

We study the dust attenuation curves of 230,000 individual galaxies in the local universe, ranging from quiescent to intensely star-forming systems, using GALEX, SDSS, and WISE photometry calibrated on the Herschel ATLAS. We use a new method of constraining SED fits with infrared luminosity (SED+LIR fitting), and parameterized attenuation curves determined with the CIGALE SED-fitting code. Attenuation curve slopes and UV bump strengths are reasonably well constrained independently from one another. We find that attenuation curves exhibit a very wide range of slopes that are on average as steep as the curve slope of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The slope is a strong function of optical opacity. Opaque galaxies have shallower curves—in agreement with recent radiative transfer models. The dependence of slopes on the opacity produces an apparent dependence on stellar mass: more massive galaxies have shallower slopes. Attenuation curves exhibit a wide range of UV bump amplitudes, from none to Milky Way (MW)-like, with an average strength one-third that of the MW bump. Notably, local analogs of high-redshift galaxies have an average curve that is somewhat steeper than the SMC curve, with a modest UV bump that can be, to first order, ignored, as its effect on the near-UV magnitude is 0.1 mag. Neither the slopes nor the strengths of the UV bump depend on gas-phase metallicity. Functional forms for attenuation laws are presented for normal star-forming galaxies, high-z analogs, and quiescent galaxies. We release the catalog of associated star formation rates and stellar masses (GALEX–SDSS–WISE Legacy Catalog 2).
Title Effects of ISO 9001 on Non-Financial and Financial Performance in the Organizations : A Review Permalink

The main purpose of this paper was to specify the impact of ISO 9001 on financial and non-financial performance. For this aim, a comprehensive literature review was carried out on the scholarly published studies, which investigated empirically the effects of ISO 9001 standard on the organization's performance in different sectors. Subsequently, the ISO 9001 studies identified and selected carefully that were relevant to the objectives and criteria of the study with the aim of achieving the results and making conclusions. The analysis of the results of the empirical studies uncovered that ISO 9001 significantly affected production process (internal business process), while this standard was not correlated with the indicators of innovation and learning perspective at significant level. Furthermore, the systematic review of the existing literature provided enough evidence that the effectiveness of ISO 9001 on customer's results and financial performance were unclear and contradictory.
Equations of motion in scalar-tensor theories of gravity: A covariant multipolar approach

We discuss the dynamics of extended test bodies for a large class of scalar-tensor theories of gravitation. A covariant multipolar Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon type of approach is used to derive the equations of motion in a systematic way for both Jordan and Einstein formulations of these theories. The results obtained provide the framework to experimentally test scalar-tensor theories by means of extended test bodies.
Familia e investigación: estrategias familiares y de género de las investigadoras españolas

espanolLos valores relacionados con la familia y la estructura familiar son decisivos para consolidar las trayectorias profesionales de las mujeres cientificas. Al mismo tiempo, las condiciones laborales y profesionales en ciencia (movilidad, implicacion en el trabajo, etc.) condicionan las estructuras familiares de estas mujeres. Los resultados de este trabajo revelan que las investigadoras espanolas muestran un fuerte compromiso con la familia pero tambien con sus aspiraciones profesionales. Para lograr ambos objetivos, las mujeres desarrollan diferentes estrategias familiares que son analizadas en este trabajo. EnglishValues related to family and family structure are decisive to the professional progression of women scientists. At the same time, professional and labour conditions in science (mobility, working intensity, etc.) influence family structures of these women. The results of this work show that Spanish researchers display a strong commitment to the family and also their professional aspirations. To achieve both goals, women develop different family strategies which are analysed in this work.
Understanding intentional food contamination attitudes: applying Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior to a sample of fruit and vegetable industry workers

As a way of understanding the potential antecedents of intentional acts of food contamination, a framework that employs tenets of Ajzen’s (1985) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was utilized to assess employees’ attitudes about committing such acts. In a sample of 123 employees from various links along a fruit and vegetable industry supply chain between Mexico and the United States, we found industry commitment and moral norm to be antecedents to attitudes toward intentional food contamination. We also found that both perceived behavioural controls (i.e. security measures) and attitude toward intentional food contamination positively related to intention to contaminate food. The value of applying the TPB model to this context is discussed.
The advertising value of Twitter Ads: a study among Mexican Millennials

Purpose – This study set out to measure the perceived Advertising Value of Twitter ads on a large sample of Mexican Millennials. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was used to collect data among 630 university students. The hypothesized antecedents of Advertising Value were Informativeness, Entertainment, Irritation and Credibility. The model was estimated using Partial Least Squares. Findings – Results indicate Informativeness and Entertainment were the strongest predictors, with Credibility in third place. In addition, Credibility displayed gender effects: it was significant for female respondents but not for males. Irritation failed to reach statistical significance in most subsamples, suggesting Twitter ads are more acceptable to Millennials than other advertising formats. Originality/value – Millennials tend to dismiss traditional advertising formats. At the same time they are heavy users of Social Networking Sites. This research provides the first empirical estimation of the Ducoffe model of Advertising Value in the microblogging service Twitter, and the first application of this robust model of web advertising to a Latin American sample. Our results have important implications for both regional and global brands targeting Millennials.
Disc instability in RS Ophiuchi: a path to Type Ia supernovae

We study the stability of disc accretion in the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi. We construct a one-dimensional time-dependent model of the binary-disc system, which includes viscous heating and radiative cooling and a self-consistent treatm ent of the binary potential. We find that the extended accretion disc in this system is always unstable to the thermal‐viscous instability, and undergoes repeated disc outbursts on�10‐20yr time-scales. This is similar to the recurrence time-scale of observed outbursts in the RS Oph system, but we show that the disc’s accretion luminosity during outburst is insu ffi cient to explain the observed outbursts. We explore a range of models, and find that in most cases the acc retion rate during outbursts reaches or exceeds the critical accretion rate for stable nu clear burning on the white dwarf surface. Consequently we suggest that a surface nuclear burning triggered by disc instability may be responsible for the observed outbursts. This allows the white dwarf mass to grow over time, and we suggest that disc instability in RS Oph and similar systems may represent a path to Type Ia supernovae.
Why Do the Eyes Move during Cognitive Activity

Shifting gaze during difficult cognitive activities is a very common phenomenon in our daily life, whereas its underlying neuropsychological mechanisms remain controversial. Preceding studies on adults have indicated that by shifting the gaze people disengage from environmental stimulation in order to concentrate on cognitive tasks. Further studies on children have suggested that approaching this eye movement phenomenon from the developmental viewpoint opens a window on its mechanisms. Here, we used an eye-tracking system to examine eye movements in adults and children while they were performing cognitive tasks, and also employed near-infrared spectroscopy to examine the neural basis of the gaze shift. Adults moved their eyes toward individual specific directions regardless of the task type. In contrast, younger children looked around more extensively with no directionality. Transition to adult-like patterns of eye movements was observed at 10 years of age, which corresponded to the time period of achieving adult levels of performance on a standard measure of executive functions. The eye movements were accompanied by activation of the premotor cortex and/or the lateral prefrontal cortex. These data suggest that the eye movements represent a more positive function than mere disengagement from the environment; probably access to cognitive space. It is also implicated that 10 years of age is a crucial period for cognitive development.
Particulate nucleic acid dynamics in a highly oligotrophic system : the Cretan Sea (Eastern Mediterranean)

Spatial and temporal variations of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) concentrations and bacterioplankton density were investigated in a highly oligotrophic region of the Eastern Mediterranean in order to evaluate the relative contribution of the pico-, nano- and microparticulate fractions and to estimate bacterioplankton contribution to the nucleic acid pools. The oligotrophic conditions of the Cretan Sea were reflected by the extremely low particulate nucleic acid content. In particular, RNA concentrations (range: 0. 1 to 3.8 μg l -1 ) were the lowest reported so far in the marine environment. Particulate DNA concentrations (range: 0.8 to 5.9 μg l -1 ) also displayed a reduced temporal variability. Picoparticulate RNA and bacterial secondary production displayed similar spatial patterns, suggesting that RNA concentrations increased as a result of enhanced metabolic activity. High DNA concentrations were generally associated with the high salinity (>38.95) Transition Mediterranean Waters (TMW) in summer (August 1994 and September 1995), whereas a sharp decrease in DNA concentrations was observed in non-stratified conditions (e.g. February 1995). Most of the DNA concentration was associated with picoparticles (more than 60% of total DNA pool), with a ratio of 1:3:6 for micro-, nano- and picoparticulate fractions, respectively. By contrast, particulate proteins and RNA displayed an average annual ratio of about 1:1:2 for micro-, nano-, and picoparticulate fractions, respectively. Bacterial densities in the Cretan Sea ranged from 1.1 to 8.8 × 10 8 cells 1 -1 . The bacterial DNA contribution to the total DNA pool in the Cretan Sea was on average 40%, but in February 1995 the living DNA fraction accounted for 85% of the total DNA pool. As phytoplankton DNA annually accounted on average for only 17% of the total DNA, we conclude that bacteria play a role of primary importance as a living DNA component in the Cretan Sea.