Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demo-Skepticism and Genocide

Genocide studies have expanded rapidly over the last twenty years, impelled by events such as the Bosnian and Rwandan tragedies and aided by the interdisciplinary confluence between comparative politics, history, anthropology and other social sciences. The challenge from historical sociology is particularly meaningful and few scholars are better equipped to achieve this task than Michael Mann. His explanation, linking genocide to ‘democracy‘, is a relatively novel one. However, while scholars from various disciplines broadly agree on the link between genocide and modernity, the description of ethnic cleansing as the ‘dark side of democracy’ is more controversial. This article assesses Mann's claim, contrasting it with recent research in the field: after situating Mann's contribution within the structure–agency debate, I question whether causality and human responsibility are lost. I then explore the broader, recent trend of ‘demo-skepticism’ to which the book belongs. Its main weakness is a contraction of the concept of democracy into that of ‘majority rule’. This is accompanied by an intermittent overlap between the concepts of democracy, liberalism and neoliberalism, under the umbrella term ‘liberal democracy’.
Students’ readiness in using MOOC for teaching and learning

Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education) emphasizes on the usage of information technology and transformation in teaching and learning process. The 9th shift from the blueprint; globalised online learning is to transform the education system and uses information technologies to enhance the learning quality in Malaysia. This suits the Education 4.0 where 21st century skills are important to be applied in education. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) is one platform that has been introduced as a new approach in teaching and learning process. This quantitative study aims to look at students’ readiness in using MOOC in their teaching and learning process. To serve this purpose, a questionnaire was administered to 213 students at one polytechnic in the Southern Zone. Data were measured using Likert Scale of 1-5 and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Descriptive statistics using mean were reported to describe the students’ readiness. The findings show that the level of readiness for students to use MOOC is in the highest level with the overall mean of 4.0238. Results express that students are ready to use MOOC in their teaching and learning.
Tannic acid as a cost ‑effective substitute for saponin in soil remediation

The efficiency of soil washing with tannic acid (TA) and saponin (SAP) was compared. In the contaminated soil, Cu and Zn were more mobile than Pb. At 3% concentration, both biosurfactants removed similar amounts of Zn (48 and 54%, respectively), SAP removed somewhat more Cu (81%), and TA removed considerably more Pb (63%). SAP removed more Cu due to its
Migration History and Stock Structure of Two Putatively Diadromous Teleost Fishes, as Determined by Genetic and Otolith Chemistry Analyses

Abstract: Migratory life cycles and population structure of 2 putatively diadromous Australian fishes were examined using otolith chemistry (87Sr/86Sr) and genetics (microsatellites and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid [mtDNA]). Australian whitebait (Lovettia sealii) is widely considered to be one of only a few anadromous fish species in the southern hemisphere. The congolli or tupong (Pseudaphritis urvillii) is reported to undertake an unusual form of sexually segregated catadromous migration, where females switch habitats between marine and freshwater, while males remain in marine or estuarine environments. Sr-isotope profiles of L. sealii showed this species does not move into fully freshwater habitats during its life cycle, suggesting it should be considered semianadromous or estuarine-dependent, rather than truly anadromous. This life-history strategy is unique among the Galaxiidae. Lovettia sealii is regionally divided into at least 3 well differentiated genetic stocks: northern and southern Tasmanian coasts and mainland Australia. Sr-isotope profiles of P. urvillii showed that females are catadromous, with the early life history spent in the marine environment and a single migratory transition from marine to freshwater occurring at an early point in the life history. Lack of bidirectional adult migration between freshwater and the sea suggests that female P. urvillii are semelparous, returning to the marine habitat to mate with resident males after an extended period of freshwater residence. Pseudaphritis exhibit weak genetic structure across their mainland range. An isolation-by-distance relationship describes the genetic structure of this species, a pattern it shares with several other nearshore-restricted catadromous fishes.
Identification of runoff generation processes using hydrometric and tracer methods in a meso-scale catchment in Rwanda

Understanding of dominant runoff generation processes in the meso-scale Migina catchment (257.4 km2) in southern Rwanda was improved using analysis of hydrometric data and tracer methods. The paper examines the use of hydrochemical and isotope parameters for separating streamflow into different runoff components by investigating two flood events which occurred during the rainy season "Itumba" (March–May) over a period of 2 yr at two gauging stations. Dissolved silica (SiO2), electrical conductivity (EC), deuterium (2H), oxygen-18 (18O), major anions (Cl? and SO2? 4) and major cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) were analyzed during the events. 2H, 18O, Cl? and SiO2 were finally selected to assess the different contributing sources using mass balance equations and end member mixing analysis for two- and three-component hydrograph separation models. The results obtained by applying two-component hydrograph separations using dissolved silica and chloride as tracers are generally in line with the results of three-component separations using dissolved silica and deuterium. Subsurface runoff is dominating the total discharge during flood events. More than 80% of the discharge was generated by subsurface runoff for both events. This is supported by observations of shallow groundwater responses in the catchment (depth 0.2–2 m), which show fast infiltration of rainfall water during events. Consequently, shallow groundwater contributes to subsurface stormflow and baseflow generation. This dominance of subsurface contributions is also in line with the observed low runoff coefficient values (16.7 and 44.5%) for both events. Groundwater recharge during the wet seasons leads to a perennial river system. These results are essential for better water resources planning and management in the region, which is characterized by very highly competing demands (domestic vs. agricultural vs. industrial uses).
Participation in a priming task predicts persistence

Though previously considered to be a relatively stable factor, emerging research suggests that optimism may be manipulated. Since research suggests a link between optimism and task persistence, the manipulation of optimism may result in greater task persistence. This paper describes two experiments. In both experiments, researchers examined whether participants primed for optimism persisted longer on a difficult anagram-solving task than did participants who were not primed for optimism. Experiment 1 used a future thinking task to prime optimism, whereas Experiment 2 used a scrambled sentences task to prime optimism. Results suggested a trend for participants primed for optimism to persist longer on the anagram-solving task Though these experiments were limited by small sample sizes, trends in the data suggest a relationship between the priming of optimism and task persistence.
Low-energy Population III supernovae and the origin of extremely metal-poor stars

Some ancient, dim, metal-poor stars may have formed in the ashes of the first supernovae (SNe). If their chemical abundances can be reconciled with the elemental yields of specific Population III (Pop III) explosions, they could reveal the properties of primordial stars. But multidimensional simulations of such explosions are required to predict their yields because dynamical instabilities can dredge material up from deep in the ejecta that would otherwise be predicted to fall back on to the central remnant and be lost in one-dimensional (1D) models. We have performed two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations of two low-energy Pop III SNe, a 12.4 Msun explosion and a 60 Msun explosion, and find that they produce elemental yields that are a good fit to those measured in the most iron-poor star discovered to date, SMSS J031300.36-670839.3 (J031300). Fallback on to the compact remnant in these weak explosions accounts for the lack of measurable iron in J031300 and its low iron-group abundances in general. Our 2D explosions produce higher abundances of heavy elements (atomic number Z > 20) than their 1D counterparts due to dredge-up by fluid instabilities. Since almost no Ni is ejected by these weak SNe, their low luminosities will prevent their detection in the near-infrared with the James Webb Space Telescope and future 30-m telescopes on the ground. The only evidence that they ever occurred will be in the fossil abundance record.
Electronic properties of non-circular quantum dots

Quantum dots are nanoscale electronic objects, typically fabricated using twodimensional semiconductor heterostructures or three-dimensional atomic clusters. In addition to promising technological applications, quantum dots represent excellent sources of interesting many-electron quantum physics. This thesis deals with the theoretical modeling of two-dimensional quantum dots consisting of less than twenty electrons. The aim is to clarify how the geometry of the con ning potential a ects the ground-state structure of the system with and without the presence of an external magnetic eld. The question is of a great importance in understanding and predicting the basic electronic properties of actual quantum-dot devices. The calculations are based on the density-functional theory applied within a realspace multigrid approach, which is shown to be a powerful method for the systems considered in this thesis. The accuracy of the method is, however, highly dependent on the local spin-density approximation used. Hence, di erent parametrizations for the exchange-correlation energy are compared. Furthermore, the problem of the density-functional theory as a meaneld approach using a singlecon guration wave function is analyzed in this thesis. Quantum dots of various shapes are investigated, beginning with polygonal systems to determine the critical densities for the Wigner crystallization. Rectangular dots are shown to be particularly sensitive to the geometry, but a qualitative agreement is obtained with the experimental addition energy spectra. The lack of circular symmetry does not prevent the maximum-density-droplet formation when an external magnetic eld is applied, and the higheld limit may be characterized by remarkably regular state oscillations. The symmetry can also be distorted by an external impurity, for which a realistic model is obtained with a comparison to experimental data. Presumably, some of the rich variety of phenomena identi ed in this thesis for non-circular quantum dots will have a realization in the future nanoelectronics.
Surface Conductance of Five Different Crops Based on 10 Years of Eddy-Covariance Measurements

The Penman-Monteith (PM) equation is a state-of-the-art modelling approach to simulate evapotranspiration (ET) at site and local scale. However, its practical application is often restricted by the availability and quality of required parameters. One of these parameters is the canopy conductance. Long term measurements of evapotranspiration by the eddy-covariance method provide an improved data basis to determine this parameter by inverse modelling. Because this approach may also include evaporation from the soil, not only the ‘actual’ canopy conductance but the whole surface conductance (gc) is addressed. Two full cycles of crop rotation with five different crop types (winter barley, winter rape seed, winter wheat, silage maize, and spring barley) have been continuously monitored for 10 years. These data form the basis for this study. As estimates of gc are obtained on basis of measurements, we investigated the impact of measurements uncertainties on obtained values of gc. Here, two different foci were inspected more in detail. Firstly, the effect of the energy balance closure gap (EBCG) on obtained values of gc was analysed. Secondly, the common hydrological practice to use vegetation height (hc) to determine the period of highest plant activity (i.e., times with maximum gc concerning CO2-exchange and transpiration) was critically reviewed. The results showed that hc and gc do only agree at the beginning of the growing season but increasingly differ during the rest of the growing season. Thus, the utilisation of hc as a proxy to assess maximum gc (gc,max) can lead to inaccurate estimates of gc,max which in turn can cause serious shortcomings in simulated ET. The light use efficiency (LUE) is superior to hc as a proxy to determine periods with maximum gc. Based on this proxy, crop specific estimates of gc,max could be determined for the first (and the second) cycle of crop rotation: winter barley, 19.2 mm s−1 (16.0 mm s−1); winter rape seed, 12.3 mm s−1 (13.1 mm s−1); winter wheat, 16.5 mm s−1 (11.2 mm s−1); silage maize, 7.4 mm s−1 (8.5 mm s−1); and spring barley, 7.0 mm s−1 (6.2 mm s−1).
Evolution of proto-galaxy-clusters to their present form: theory and observations

From hydro-gravitational-dynamics theory HGD, gravitational structure formation begins 30,000 years (10^12 s) after the turbulent big bang by viscous-gravitational fragmentation into super-cluster-voids and 10^46 kg proto-galaxy-super-clusters. Linear and spiral gas-proto-galaxies GPGs are the smallest fragments to emerge from the plasma epoch at decoupling at 10^13 s with Nomura turbulence morphology and length scale L_N ~ (\gamma \nu / \rho G)^1/2 ~10^20 m, determined by rate-of-strain \gamma, photon viscosity \nu, and density \rho of the plasma fossilized at 10^12 s. GPGs fragment into 10^36 kg proto-globular-star-cluster PGC clumps of 10^24 kg primordial-fog-particle PFP dark matter planets. All stars form from planet mergers, with ~97% unmerged as galaxy baryonic-dark-matter BDM. The non-baryonic-dark-matter NBDM is so weakly collisional it diffuses to form galaxy cluster halos. It does not guide galaxy formation, contrary to conventional cold-dark-matter hierarchical clustering CDMHC theory (\Gamma=0). NBDM has ~97% of the mass of the universe. It binds rotating clusters of galaxies by gravitational forces. The galaxy rotational spin axis matches that for low wavenumber spherical harmonic components of CMB temperature anomalies and extends to 4.5x10^25 m (1.5 Gpc) in quasar polarization vectors, requiring a big bang turbulence origin. GPGs stick together by frictional processes of the frozen gas planets, just as PGCs have been meta-stable for the 13.7 Gyr age of the universe.
Cystatin C in healthy middle-aged adults: A relationship with anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters

Introduction: Data suggesting that cystatin C levels are linked to obesity, apart from renal pathology, are conflicting. The aim of the study was to explore the potential association between serum cystatin C levels, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic parameters in healthy middle-aged adults.Methods: A total of 132 participants (mean age 56.2 ± 6.73 years, 69% females) were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as blood pressure, were obtained.Results: Obese participants displayed higher cystatin C levels than normal-weight participants (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that waist circumference (WC) (Beta = 0.376, p < 0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (Beta = -0.484, p < 0.001) were independently associated with cystatin C levels (R2 = 0.447; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Cystatin C is associated with abdominal obesity independent of renal function. Its relationship with changes in other target organs should be determined.
Distributional modelling and parsimony analysis of endemicity of Senecio in the Mediterranean‐type climate area of Central Chile

Aim Floristic blocks and areas of endemism resulting from a parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) using raw floristic data versus data generated from distributional modelling for 130 species in the genus Senecio Tourn. ex L. distributed in the Mediterranean‐type climate area of Central Chile were compared, and the results were used to identify conservation priorities for the flora of the region.
Influence of Study Strategies on Performance of Business Education Students in Financial Accounting in Federal Universities in Nigeria

The study was carried out to determine the Influence of study strategies (surface and deep study strategies) on Performance of Business Education Students in Financial Accounting in Federal Universities in Nigeria. The objective was to identify the differences in performance of business education students that adopted surface strategy and those that adopted deep study strategy in learning Financial Accounting. The population of the study was two hundred and eighty-one Financial Accounting students of the ten Federal Universities in Nigeria offering Business Education. Eighty students from the three first generation universities namely: Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, University of Benin, Benin City and University of Nigeria, Nsukka were used as sample for the study. Revised Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) and Financial Accounting Evaluation Test (FAET) made of post-tests 1 and 2 were administered to the sampled students. The study adopted repeated measure experimental designs often referred to as within-subjects design. Descriptive statistic was used in answering the research questions, while the t-test was employed in testing the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that study strategies had significant influence on performance of business education students in Financial Accounting. The results also showed that business education students that adopted deep strategy performed significantly better than those that adopted surface strategy. It was concluded that Business Education students performance could be because of the peculiar difference in their study strategy, their way of approaching tasks and possibly the skills and methods they use in solving problems. Any students who ignores these features is likely to have problem in learning Financial Accounting. It was recommended that lecturers should assist students to perform well in Financial Accounting by discouraging them from adopting surface strategy to learning. They should encourage students to adopt a deep approach, and inculcate analytical and critical thinking skills in the students in order to make them acquire the problem
Sterilisation of painted apple moth Teia anortoides (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) by irradiation

The Australian painted apple moth (Teia anartoides) has been the target of an eradication programme in Auckland. This has included an extensive trapping programme underpinned by moth dispersal studies. Sterilisation of males was considered essential before release to avoid exacerbating the eradication problem. Late stage male pupae were irradiated using 1.25 MeV gamma rays from a Cobalt source, at six doses (60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 Gy). No effects were measurable on male emergence or mating performance in the treated compared to control insects. Significant effects were observed in the F1 generation, with increasing doses producing increased mortality. At the highest doses 100% sterility was achieved in the F2 generation. Male flight in a wind tunnel was not significantly affected by irradiation at 160 Gy. Markrelease recapture experiments were successfully conducted, with the maximum recorded dispersal distance of several kilometers by irradiated sterile male moths.
Corporate Governance Practices and Capital Structure: A Case in Sri Lanka

The purpose of the study is to find out the significant mean difference in the capital structure among the corporate governance practices, and secondary objective of the study is to suggest the listed Manufacturing companies in the Sri Lankan context to adopt corporate governance practices towards the capital structure. In this view, Twenty eight manufacturing companies listed on Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka were selected as sample size for the periods, 2009, 2010 and 2011. The one-way Anova (f-test) and independent sample t-test were used to find out the out the significant difference in capital structure among corporate governance practices. Findings revealed that, Corporate Governance Practices contributes significantly to Capital Structure. Board Committee in the Corporate Governance Practices contributes significantly to Capital Structure. And also Capital Structure is not contributed significantly by Board composition, Board Size, Board Meeting, and Leadership Structure in Corporate Governance Practices. Meantime, there is no significant difference in the capital structure in terms of leverage among corporate governance practices of the listed manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka. Due to that, further study should focus on the determinants of capital structure in the listed manufacturing companies to take cues in the financial leverage of the particular companies. Further, suggestion was made that corporate governance rules should be strictly mandated by the Securities and Exchange Commission of Sri Lanka. In addition, political, economic, technological and social & cultural aspects of the Sri Lanka should be considered in the policy framework of the corporate governance.
DIAGONALIZATION OF MATRICES OVER REGULAR RINGS

Square matrices are shown to be diagonalizable over all known classes of (von Neumann) regular rings. This diagonalizability is equivalent to a cancellation property for finitely generated projective modules which conceivably holds over all regular rings. These results are proved in greater generality, namely for matrices and modules over exchange rings, where attention is restricted to regular matrices. DIAGONALIZATION OF MATRICES OVER REGULAR RINGS P. ARA, K.R. GOODEARL, K.C. O'MEARA AND E. PARDO ABSTRACT. Square matrices are shown to be diagonalizable over all known classes of (von Neumann) regular rings. This diagonalizability is equivalent to a cancellation property for finitely generated projective modules which conceivably holds over all regular rings. These results are proved in greater generality, namely for matrices and modules over exchange rings, where attention is restricted to regular matrices. Square matrices are shown to be diagonalizable over all known classes of (von Neumann) regular rings. This diagonalizability is equivalent to a cancellation property for finitely generated projective modules which conceivably holds over all regular rings. These results are proved in greater generality, namely for matrices and modules over exchange rings, where attention is restricted to regular matrices.