Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary copper sulfate, Aureo SP250, or clinoptilolite on ureolytic bacteria found in the pig large intestine

The predominant ureolytic bacteria in the pig large intestine were determined while growing pigs were fed a basal diet or basal diet plus copper sulfate, Aureo SP250, or clinoptilolite. Fecal samples were collected from four pigs fed each diet at 3, 9, and 14 weeks and analyzed for total colony counts and percent ureolytic bacteria. Fecal urease activity, ammonia nitrogen, and identity of the ureolytic bacteria were determined at 14 weeks. Copper sulfate and Aureo SP250 reduced the number of ureolytic organisms, with a marked decrease occurring in the Streptococcus spp. , which made up 74% of the ureolytic isolates from the pigs on the basal diet. Other ureolytic species detected at lower concentrations were Staphylococcus spp. , Selenomonas ruminantium, Bacteroides multiacidus, and Eubacterium limosum. Copper sulfate also reduced fecal urease activity (P less than 0.10). Fecal ammonia concentrations were not different between pigs fed the various diets. These data suggest that the streptococci are the most numerous ureolytic species in the pig intestinal tract and are significantly reduced by copper sulfate and Aureo SP250; however, only copper sulfate reduced intestinal urease activity.
A Single-Loop SS-LMS Algorithm With Single-Ended Integrating DFE Receiver for Multi-Drop DRAM Interface

A 3.8 Gb/s multi-drop single-ended integrating DFE (IDFE) receiver is implemented in a 0.18 um CMOS by using a single-loop LMS-algorithm to find the DFE coefficients automatically. Initially, a preamble input data pattern ('1101') is applied to the main IDFE circuit to determine the DFE coefficients, while a fixed input data pattern ('1111') is applied to the replica IDFE circuit. The difference between the outputs of the two IDFE circuits is used in the feedback loop to determine the DFE coefficients. The reference voltage (Vref) of preamplifier is generated inside chip by a Vref loop to reduce the effect of the external noise and the input offset voltage of preamplifier and IDFE circuits and also to track the mid-level of the input data swing in spite of process variations of TX chips. An integrating deskew scheme with a minimum overhead is introduced. 2-drop and 4-drop DRAM channels are tested. The maximum data rate was increased from 1.0 Gb/s to 2.6 Gb/s by DFE in the heavily loaded 4-drop interface, from 3.5 Gb/s to 3.8 Gb/s by DFE in the 2-drop interface.
Three sisters in the same dress: cryptic speciation in African odonates

The discovery of cryptic species (i.e. two or more distinct but morphologically undistinguishable species) has grown exponentially in the last two decades, due mainly to the increasing availability of DNA sequences. This suggests that hidden in the known species, many of which have been described based solely on morphological information, there might be a high number of species waiting to be discovered. In this issue Damm et al. (2010) use a combination of genetic, morphological and ecological evidence to identify the first cryptic species complex found within dragonflies (insect order Odonata). Their findings add more evidence for the importance of combining information from different disciplines to new species’ discovery ( DeSalle et al. 2005 ).
Market Structure of Beef Cattle Business in Payakumbuh West Sumatera

The purpose of this study is to determine the market structure and the barriers to entry and exit of beef cattle market in Payakumbuh. Survey was conducted in Payakumbuh West Sumatra, with total of 106 respondents. The market structure was analyzed using concentration ratio. The results showed that cattle traded value of each actor is varies, the highest is Butcher, middlemen, breeder and trader respectively with total value of Rp 7,217,760,000. The results also showed that the concentration ratio of beef cattle market is less than 40%. This situation gives a strong bargaining position for the beef cattle market and market are identified as perfect competition market. The main barriers to entry are big investment value and marketing. Meanwhile, barriers to exit are, again big investment value and the fact that beef cattle business is as the community’s main source of income.
New Applicable Approach to Examine The Leverage–Value Relationship

Many literatures studied the relationship between the leverage and the value of firms. Some studies found no relationship and other studies show that the relationship is positive, however, another studies show that the relationship is negative. Therefore, the leverage–value relationship seems to be an unresolved puzzle in the capital structure empirical literature. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the leverage–value relationship to interpret the significant and the direction of this relationship by using the effect of industry, size firm’s growth opportunities and adding operating efficiency as controlling factors. The importance of this study is to investigate the impact of unique status of the Saudi market companies that have not tax on its profits and illustrate whether the leveragevalue relationship hold in the Saudi companies. Moreover, this study seeks to help managers make efficient financial decisions and realize the effect of their decisions on the firm value with considering the impact of industry and the internal level of firm performance such as their growth opportunities and their operating efficiency on the leverage–value relationship. The results show that leverage for both firm and industry (book or market) as well as the difference between firm leverage and the industry leverage have a significant negative effect on both the firm value and the difference between firm value and the industry value. These results are found in spite of the difference among firms in growth opportunities or in operating efficiency.
Effects of board characteristics on financial restatement in Malaysia

This study examines the character of a board (i.e., its size, independence, director’s tenure, gender diversity, competence, ethnicity, status, age and position of its founder) on the financial restatement of Malaysian Public Listed Companies (PLCs). The study found board size, multiple directorship, political connections and position of the founder has a significant relationship with financial restatement. The results support the findings of the Resource Dependence Theory and the Agency Theory.
Elevated levels of serum chemerin in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Context: Chemerin is implicated to be correlated with obesity and inflammation. Objective: This study aims to investigate whether serum chemerin is associated with the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: A total of 132 patients with OSAS and 108 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Results: Serum chemerin levels were significantly elevated in OSAS patients (120.93 ± 25.84 µg/L vs. 107.51 ± 20.41 µg/L). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that serum chemerin levels were an independent determinant of the presence of OSAS (OR 1.030, 95% CI 1.016–1.045; p < 0.001). Serum chemerin levels in severe OSAS patients were significantly higher compared with those in mild and moderate OSAS patients (p = 0.015 and p = 0.020, respectively). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that serum chemerin levels were correlated with the severity of OSAS (r = 0.210, p = 0.016). Serum chemerin were positively correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.164, p = 0.008), body mass index (r = 0.158, p = 0.014), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.135, p = 0.037), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = 0.140, p = 0.031), C-reactive protein (r = 0.202, p = 0.002), and apnea–hypopnea index (r = 0.152, p = 0.022). Conclusion: Elevated serum chemerin levels could be an independent predicting marker of the presence and severity of OSAS.
Factors associated with emergency department visits by children with asthma: implications for health education.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between psychosocial and behavioral factors and the frequency of emergency department visits for childhood asthma. METHODS Data obtained from a survey of parents of 445 children who were being treated for asthma in the emergency room of a large urban hospital were examined. RESULTS Factors associated with high emergency department use included the child's being of younger age, a greater number of days with symptoms of asthma, a higher number of asthma medicines prescribed, a prior hospitalization for asthma, a lower level of parental confidence in the efficacy of medicines, and a failure to use a criterion for deciding to seek emergency care. CONCLUSIONS Younger children with asthma and children with previous hospitalization for asthma are at high risk for using emergency care. Families who use the emergency department frequently need to be further educated in the inflammatory nature of the disease, in the efficacy of proper use of medicine, in the need for ongoing care, and in criteria to distinguish those symptoms that can be handled at home from those requiring emergency care.
From IT-Business Strategic Alignment to Performance : A Moderated Mediation Model of Social Innovation, and Enterprise Governance of IT

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WO3/TiO2 Nanotube Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting with Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment.

Nanostructured WO3/TiO2 nanotubes with properties that enhance solar photoconversion reactions were developed, characterized and tested. The TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by anodization of Ti foil, and WO3 was electrodeposited on top of the nanotubes. SEM images show that these materials have the same ordered structure as TiO2 nanotubes, with an external nanostructured WO3 layer. Diffuse reflectance spectra showed an increase in the visible absorption relative to bare TiO2 nanotubes, and in the UV absorption relative to bare WO3 films. Incident simulated solar photon-to-current efficiency increased from 30% (for bare WO3) to 50% (for WO3/TiO2 composites). With the addition of diverse organic pollutants, the photocurrent densities exhibited more than a 5-fold increase. Chemical oxygen demand measurements showed the simultaneous photodegradation of organic pollutants. The results of this work indicate that the unique structure and composition of these composite materials enhance the charge carrier transport and optical properties compared with the parent materials.
Session 4A: Community Pharmacy

OBJECTIVES Few studies have explored pharmacists' perceptions of their potential role in asthma management. This study aimed to investigate community pharmacists' perceptions of their role in the provision of asthma care, to compare the perceptions of metropolitan and regional pharmacists with regards to their role, to identify barriers to the provision of asthma management services and to explore their level of inter-professional contact. METHODS A 29-item questionnaire was mailed to a convenience sample of community pharmacists. Items included pharmacists' perceptions of their role in asthma management, barriers to pharmacy asthma services and inter-professional contact. The setting was community pharmacies in metropolitan and rural New South Wales, Australia. KEY FINDINGS Seventy-five pharmacists (63% male, 69% in metropolitan pharmacies) returned completed questionnaires (response rate 89%). Pharmacists perceived their role in asthma management along three major dimensions: 'patient self-management', 'medication use' and 'asthma control'. Regional pharmacists described a broader role than metropolitan pharmacists. Most participants perceived time and patient-related factors to be the main barriers to optimal asthma care with pharmacist's lack of confidence and skills in various aspects of asthma care less important barriers. Almost 70% indicated that they would like more inter-professional contact regarding the care of patients with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Community pharmacists perceived a three-dimensional role in asthma care with regional pharmacists more likely to embrace a broader role in asthma management compared to metropolitan pharmacists. Pharmacists identified time and patient-related factors as the major barriers to the provision of asthma services. Future research should explore barriers and facilitators to expansion of the pharmacist's role in asthma management in a holistic way.
A process model of how interpersonal interaction leads to effectiveness of the expatriate-host country national relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and present a conceptual model of expatriate–host country national (HCN) interaction that explains how organizations can help increase cooperation between expatriates and HCNs by facilitating interaction between expatriates and HCNs. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw upon intergroup contact theory to develop a process model which describes the processes critical to “the effectiveness of the expatriate–HCN relationship,” from both the expatriate and HCN perspectives. Findings HCN–expatriate interactions are critical to the success of both expatriates and HCNs, but such interactions should not be left to chance – instead, organizations should intervene and facilitate conditions that foster such interactions, which can lead to better understanding and appreciation of each other. This would ensure that both expatriates and HCNs have a better understanding of the critical role played by the other party, and thus be willing to offer relevant and necessary support at the right time. Practical implications Prior research reveals that most expatriate–HCN interactions are left to the individuals themselves and are thus subject to stereotypes, misperceptions and even unfulfilled expectations. By intervening in this process, and providing relevant information about each other to both parties, organizations can facilitate higher quality interactions, help reduce or remove stereotypes and increase the chances that both parties receive required and relevant information on a timely basis from each other. Originality/value The authors specifically discuss how interpersonal expatriate–HCN interactions allow the two parties to become acquainted with each other, when the effects of such interactions can be strengthened, and what the resultant effects are in terms of expatriate–HCN relationships.
The Relation Between Corporate Values and Firm Performance of the World's 142 Largest Banks

This paper examines the relation between corporate values and firm performance of the largest banks in the world. The firm performance is determined by means of the MTB ratio and the corporate values are quantified in the CV-Index which are then put in a regression analysis to test the relation. Three MTB categories are formulated, namely banks with every MTB, underperforming banks (MTB 1). The results show that for all the banks in the sample and for underperforming banks, there is no significant relation, whereas for better performing banks there is a significant relation. Next to this, the results show that there is no relation between the use of a specific set of corporate values and firm performance. This is the case for all the three MTB categories. The last empirical result from this research shows that the continent where the banks are situated has a positive influence on the relation between corporate values and firm performance. The findings of this research help other scholars to not blindly assume that because previous research showed that corporate values have a positive relation to firm performance, it also withholds for every industry.
Subcellular Targeting of VIP Boutons in Mouse Barrel Cortex is Layer-Dependent and not Restricted to Interneurons

Abstract Neocortical vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expressing cells are a diverse subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons issuing distinct axonal projections. They are known to inhibit other types of interneurons as well as excitatory principal neurons and possess a disinhibitory net effect in cortical circuits. In order to elucidate their targeting specificity, the output connectivity of VIP interneurons was studied at the subcellular level in barrel cortex of interneuron‐specific Cre‐driver mice, using pre‐ and postembedding electron microscopy. Systematically sampling VIP boutons across all layers, we found a substantial proportion of the innervated subcellular structures were dendrites (80%), with somata (13%), and spines (7%) being much less targeted. In layer VI, a high proportion of axosomatic synapses was found (39%). GABA‐immunopositive ratio was quantified among the targets using statistically validated thresholds: only 37% of the dendrites, 7% of the spines, and 26% of the somata showed above‐threshold immunogold labeling. For the main target structure “dendrite”, a higher proportion of GABAergic subcellular profiles existed in deep than in superficial layers. In conclusion, VIP interneurons innervate non‐GABAergic excitatory neurons and interneurons at their subcellular domains with layer‐dependent specificity. This suggests a diverse output of VIP interneurons, which predicts multiple functionality in cortical circuitry beyond disinhibition.
Surgical Management of Infected Permanent Transvenous Pacemaker Systems: Ten Year Experience

Abstract Background: Between January 1985 and June 1995, more than 1800 consecutive patients underwent implantation of a new permanent cardiac pacemaker at our institution. Thirty‐six patients (0.02%) had 45 reinterventions for infected pacemaker systems. Methods: In group A, 24 of 27 patients received simultaneous implantation of a new pacemaker. One had reimplantation of the same pacemaker in the same pocket, and two did not require reimplantation. The leads were retained in 19 (70%) of the patients. In group B, nine patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass or “pursestring” surgery for removal of an infected pacemaker; a new epicardial pacemaker system was simultaneously implanted in seven patients. Results: Identification of an infectious agent failed in 17 patients (47%), and Staphylococci were found in 15 patients (42%). The time from pacemaker implantation to onset of infection ranged from 1 month to 11 years (mean 31 months; median 19 months) and the time from onset of infection to surgical treatment from 1 month to 7 years (mean 7 months; median 2 months). The mean follow‐up time is 74 months (range, 1 month to 10 years; median 5 years). There were 9 reoperations in 3 patients (16%) of group A for recurrent infection of their retained leads ultimately necessitating the use of open cardiac surgery. There was no early death; six patients died late due to unrelated causes. Conclusions: Complete removal of all pacemaker leads is recommended; open heart surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass is indicated in selected cases and is effective and safe.
Higher activation of TLR9 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by microbial DNA compared with self‐DNA based on CpG‐specific recognition of phosphodiester DNA

TLR9 detects DNA in endolysosomal compartments of human B cells and PDC. Recently, the concept of the CpG motif specificity of TLR9‐mediated detection, specifically of natural phosphodiester DNA, has been challenged. Unlike in human B cells, CpG specificity of natural phosphodiester DNA recognition in human PDC has not been analyzed in the literature. Here, we found that the induction of IFN‐α and TNF‐α in human PDC by phosphodiester ODNs containing one or two CG dinucleotides was reduced to a lower level when the CG dinucleotides were methylated and was abolished if the CGs were switched to GCs. Consistent with a high frequency of unmethylated CG dinucleotides, bacterial DNA induced high levels of IFN‐α in PDC; IFN‐α was reduced but not abolished upon methylation of bacterial DNA. Mammalian DNA containing low numbers of CG dinucleotides, which are frequently methylated, induced IFN‐α in PDC consistently but on a much lower level than bacterial DNA. For activation of PDC, phosphodiester ODNs and genomic DNA strictly required complexation with cationic molecules such as the keratinocyte‐derived antimicrobial peptide LL37 or a scrambled derivative. In conclusion, we demonstrate that self‐DNA complexed to cationic molecules activate PDC and thus, indeed, may function as DAMPs; nevertheless, the preference of PDC for CpG containing DNA provides the basis for the discrimination of microbial from self‐DNA even if DNA is presented in the condensed form of a complex.
Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

The plasmalemma and hyaline ectoplasm together constitute the sensory and motor organ of macrophages. The purpose of this study was to isolate this cell fraction in order to analyze it biochemically and functionally. Brief sonication of warmed rabbit lung macrophages caused release of heterodisperse hyaline blebs and filopodia, which were easily collected by differential centrifugation. Viewed in the electron microscope, these structures consisted of membranebounded sacs principally containing actin filaments. Some contained secondary lysosomes. They were enriched threefold over whole cell homogenates in specific adenylate cyclase activity and in trichloroacetic acid-precipitable ~zsI when derived from cells labeled with lZSI by means of a lactoperoxidase-catalyzed reaction. These markers were found to have identical isopycnic densities when macrophage homogenates were subjected to sedimentation in a focusing sucrose density gradient system, and these markers had densities distinct from those of other cytoplasmic organelles. These markers were therefore assumed to be associated with macrophage plasma membranes. The specific fl-glucuronidase activity of the bleb fraction was similar to that of homogenates, but the blebs had considerably lower specific succinic dehydrogenase activity and RNA content, and DNA was undetectable. Electrophoresis of blebs solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate on polyacrylamide gels revealed polypeptides co-migrating with macrophage actin-binding protein, myosin, and actin; blebs also had EDTA-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity characteristic of myosin. The concentrations of actin-binding protein and myosin were higher in blebs than in cells or cytoplasmic extracts, wherease actin concentrations were similar (relative to extracts) or only slightly greater (than in cells). Blebs and intact cells had high lactate dehydrogenase activities in the presence but not the absence of Triton X-100. Blebs and cells oxidized 1[14C]glucose, and the rate of glucose oxidation was increased substantially in the presence of latex beads. We conclude that intact sacs of plasmalemma encasing contractile proteins and cytoplasmic enzymes can be isolated from macrophages. They are enriched in myosin and actin-binding protein, indicating that the contractile apparatus is regulated in the cell periphery. These structures have the capacity to respond to THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY" VOLUME 75, 1977. pages 941-955 941 on D ecem er 1, 2017 jcb.rress. org D ow nladed fom e n v i r o n m e n t a l s ignals . W e sugges t t he n a m e " p o d o s o m e s " for t h e m b e c a u s e o f the i r r e s e m b l a n c e to m a c r o p h a g e p s e u d o p o d i a . W e p r o p o s e tha t p o d o s o m e f o r m a t i o n resul t s f r o m rap id d i s so lu t ion of the cor t ica l gel w h e n the m e m b r a n e is in an ac t ive ly e x t e n d e d con f igu ra t i on .