Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PHOTOINDUCED CHANGES IN THE VALENCE BAND STATES OF Ge X As 40-X S 60 THIN FILMS

Photostructural changes (PSC) induced in chalcogenide amorphous materials are still a subject of great interest, because of the emerging possibilities for their applications. The PSC`s are connected with changes of the structure and related properties under irradiation and/or annealing. They are considered as reversible or irreversible. The study of multinary compounds presents great possibilities for the understanding of the PSC mechanism, since they contain various structural units and elements with different electronic structures. Our studies on films and glasses from the Ge-As-S system have shown peculiarities in their properties, due to the differences in composition as well as to the different sensitivities to various irradiation [1, 2 and references herein]. Raman and IR spectra have given information about photoinduced transformations in the short range order, while X-ray diffraction studies showed photoinduced changes in the medium range order of the structure. EXAFS and XPS studies could provide information on the electronic origin of the PSC, and have been recently used for binary chalcogenides [3,4]. That is why we considered it useful to check if light and thermal treatment can induce transformations in the electronic structure of Ge-As-S films. In order to complete our knowledge on the PSC in GexAs40-xS60 films, we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate electronic states in the valence band of these glasses and films with various values of x.
Immunophenotypic Comparison between Reactive Bone Marrow B-Lymphocyte Precursor ( Hematogones ) and B-Neoplastic Lymphoblast Leukaemia Using Cd 34 , Cd 123 by Flowcytometry

Background Flow cytometric study found that lymphoblasts of B acute lymphoblastic leukemia exhibited multiple aberrant antigens by which they can be distinguished from hematogones. These antigens are CD34 and CD123. Objective To determine the immunophenotypic pattern of CD34 and CD123 expression in hematogone of reactive bone marrow and in neoplastic lymphoblast in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and to evaluate the impact of that pattern in the residual disease detection after chemotherapy. Methods This is a case control study to determine the expression of CD34 and CD123 in 30 patients newly diagnosed with B-ALL. Re-assessment was done for 20 patients of them after 4-6 weeks of chemotherapy; in addition to 10 patients with reactive bone marrow to assess hematogones. Results In (93.4%) of the newly diagnosed B-ALL cases, leukemic blasts expressed both CD34 and CD123, Conversely, in (6.6%) cases, neither antigen was expressed. In hematogones; the immature hematogones (dim CD45, CD34 +) did not express CD123 while the mature hematogones (moderate CD45+, CD34-) expressed CD123. The strategy of concordant and discordant patterns of CD34/CD123 expression on B-ALL blasts and hematogones respectively in post chemotherapy patients remain stable. Conclusion The distinct pattern of CD34 and CD123 expression on hematogones (discordant) and B-ALL blasts (concordant) is useful in correctly classifying immature B cells as residual leukemic blasts or hematogones in the bone marrow of patients treated for B-ALL.
Fulminant Course of Sporadic Frontotemporal Dementia in a 30-Year-Old Man Visualized by FDG-PET

Frontotemporal dementia is a rare diagnosis in young people and initially often misdiagnosed. We report the case of a 30-year-old man who developed severe dementia within a year. The patient was originally referred with the diagnosis of psychosis. Applying the Lund and Manchester criteria and an FDG-PET finally led to the diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia. FDG-PET showed a clearly circumscribed hypometabolism confined to the frontal lobe, correlating well with the clinical picture in our case, while MRI/CCT results were not decisive. We discuss aetiology and diagnosis criteria of frontotemporal dementia and emphasise the importance of PET in the early diagnosis of these rare cases (German J Psychiatry 2006; 9: 27-30).
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH CONCERNING FLORISTIC , PHYTOCOENOLOGICAL AND ORNITHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ON SOMOVA-PARCHES LACUSTRINE COMPLEX : ASPECTS OF THEIR CONSERVATION

The aim of this study represents a complex approach regarding the analysis of the flora, aquatic and palustre vegetation as well as the diversity of nesting bird species on SomovaParches Lacustrine Complex. Aquatic and palustre vegetation conveys 23 vegetation assemblages, five habitats of national interest, and three community habitats featuring a wellrepresented floristic (87 taxa) and cenotic structure. The amount of phytogeographic elements is conferred by Eurasian phytotaxa 50.7%, European and Central-European 5.7%, Nordic– Circumpolar 18.4% and Cosmopolitan 18.4%. Adventitious and Mediterranean elements comprise a scarce percentage, merely 1.1%. As regards vegetation diversity, there has as well been identified an ornithological fauna typical of the aquatic habitats existing within the study area. There were found 65 bird species, the majority being water birds (60%). From the water bird species, 63% are summer guests and nesting ones. The Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) is a prevailing species in the area, most of its individuals nesting in Morun Lake colony. The Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus), the Great White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) as well as all observed ducks are subdominant species. The conservation state of the flora and nesting birds within the study area enables a sustainable development.
Revision 1 1 Tetrahedral ferric iron in oxidized hydrous wadsleyite 2 3

Crystals of ferrous and ferric iron-bearing hydrous wadsleyite have been 11 synthesized at 1400°C and 12-13.5 GPa in a multi-anvil press. Crystal structures 12 (atom positions, occupancies, and cell parameters) have been refined by single-crystal 13 X-ray diffraction at ambient conditions. Assuming cation vacancies to be in the M3 14 site only, their concentration has been estimated from the unit cell parameter b/a ratio. 15 Total refined site Fe contents are consistent with microprobe chemical analysis. There 16 appears to be up to 11 percent iron (presumably ferric) in the tetrahedral site, 17 consistent with reduced silica content (<1 Si per 4 oxygens) in the chemical analysis. 18 Also the volume of the tetrahedron increases with increasing ferric iron content. 19 Strong ordering of Fe in the octahedral sites is apparent in the order FeM3 > FeM1 >> 20 FeM2. The presence of ferric iron in the mantle transition zone is expected to partition 21 preferentially into wadsleyite and may expand the stability region of wadsleyite 22 relative to olivine and ringwoodite. Also, the observation of tetrahedral ferric iron in 23 these samples increases the likelihood that there is compositional continuity between 24 wadsleyite and the spinelloid III phase field observed in the Mg-free system fayalite25 magnetite. 26
Constraining a MDP ’ s Search Space by Usage of Planning Trajectories

Answer Set Planning provides a framework that allows for the description of a sequential decision making problem with non-monotonicity and belief revision capabilities. In this work the sequence of actions to be performed in order to solve a problem is given in answer sets. Markov Decision Process is a formalism that can be used to describe a stochastic sequential decision making problem. The solution for this process is also sequence of actions that leads from an initial state to a goal state. The goal of this work is to use the answer sets found by Answer Set Planning for restricting a Markov Decision Process’ search space, such that instead of performing each possible combination of actions in each available state, only the combinations that leads to the goal state are executed. Results shows that using Monte Carlo Policy Evaluation, it is possible to calculate returns for answer sets given as solutions to a planning problem, thus allowing to determine the optimal answer set for a nondeterministic environment.
Monetary Policy Strategies for the Federal Reserve

The paper finds that the general monetary policy strategy of "forecast targeting" is more suitable for fulfilling the Federal Reserve's dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability than following a simple "instrument" rule such as a Taylor-type rule. Forecast targeting can be used for any of the more specific strategies of annual-inflation targeting, price-level targeting, temporary price-level targeting, average-inflation targeting, and nominal-GDP targeting. These specific strategies are examined and evaluated according to how well they may fulfill the dual mandate, considering the possibilities of a binding effective lower bound for the federal funds rate and a flatter Phillips curve. Nominal-GPD targeting has substantial principal and practical disadvantages and is found to be inferior to the other strategies. Average-inflation targeting is found to have some advantages over the other strategies.
Analyzing User Behavior with Matomo 1 in the Online Information System

The grammatical information system grammis combines descriptive texts on German grammar with dictionaries of specific word classes and grammatical terminology. In this paper, we describe the first attempts at analyzing user behavior for an online grammar of the German language and the implementation of an analysis and data extraction tool based on Matomo, a web analytics tool. We focus on the analysis of the keywords the users search for, either within grammis or via an external search platform like Google, and the analysis of the interaction between the text components within grammis and the integrated dictionaries. The overall results show that about 50% of the searches are for grammatical terms, and that the users shift from texts to dictionaries, mainly by using the integrated links to the dictionary of terminology within the texts. Based on these findings, we aim to improve grammis by extending its integrated dictionaries.
Impact of Microcredit Programs on Female Headed Households in Jimma Zone , Ethiopia

Microfinance and microcredit is a recent development issue and one of the mechanisms to empower poor people in rural Ethiopia. Microfinance interventions may empower women by increasing their incomes and their control over that income. This study evaluates the impact of microcredit program on female headed households’ annual expenditure in rural Ethiopian, Jimma Zone. Data were collected from 1092 female headed households from both participants and non-participants in microcredit program during 2013. Data was analyzed using the PSM technique. PSM results show that participant in microcredit program has a significant and positive impact on households’ annual expenditure. Furthermore, the Probit result sows that higher price of egg and sugar makes households more likely to participate in microcredit program. However, more educated households’, large land holders and higher income earners are less likely to participate in the program.
Characterization and design of tubercle leading-edge wings

Leading-edge wing planform variations modeled after protuberances seen on humpback whale flippers are believed to result in improved lift and drag characteristics in the near-stall regime. The unconventional geometry makes flow predictions highly sensitive to turbulence models which are otherwise well validated for conventional wings at high Reynolds numbers. We carry out a computational study aimed at validating a RANS approach for the analysis of tubercles in a Reynolds number range 62,500 500,000. Comparisons with experimental observations are presented and the relevant flow physics are discussed.
Quality of Life and Social Support as Outcome Characteristics of a Psychiatric Day Hospital

Background: In addition to improving symptoms, another aim of psychiatric therapy is to raise the patient’s quality of life and social support. The present study investigates whether quality of life and social support are suitable characteristics for measuring the outcome of a psychiatric day hospital. Methods: In a naturalistic, prospective, longitudinal study, we investigated patients consecutively admitted to the psychiatric day hospital of the Hannover Medical School over a 31⁄2-year period. Results: The extent of psychopathology (GAF) decreased with high effect size. The general psychological distress (GSI) decreased and the quality of life (PLC) improved both with medium effect size. Concerning social support (F-SozU) improvement was only found in some subscales with low effect size. The areas of quality of life correlated significantly with the extent of psychopathology and the general psychological distress. Conclusions: Quality of life proved to be a more suitable characteristic for determining the outcome of patients in a psychiatric day hospital than perceived social support (German J Psychiatry 2007; 10: 58–68).
Small-strain stiffness of the Pampeano Formation

Buenos Aires, Argentina, rests on a loess deposit named Pampeano Formation. Foundations of buildings, industrial facilities, major infrastructure projects, metro tunnels and a nuclear power plant lay on this deposit. Pampeano soil is also used as a construction material for sub-bases, fills and embankments. A research program was established at the University of Buenos Aires to measure the small-strain nonlinear behavior of the material in the laboratory. A data acquisition system using LDTs was manufactured and installed in the triaxial apparatus, and a series of drained triaxial compression tests and one-dimensional compression tests was performed on both undisturbed and compacted samples. In this paper, the Pampeano Formation is briefly described, the data acquisition system is outlined, and some test results are presented. Data confirms the pressure dependency of the Young’s modulus and modulus reduction curves for compacted samples and shows that undisturbed samples follow the same trend, a fact that was neither expected nor assumed in routine design due to the cementation of the material. Results obtained so far and the main objectives of future research work are discussed.
Leaf Epidermal Analysis for Diagnosis of Enigmatic Strychnos Species in Nigeria

------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------------Ten species of Strychnos were collected from Oban group of Forest (Cross River State, Nigeria) without their inflorescence which hindered their complete identification. Their leaves sizes, shapes, stems coloration and other morphological characters show considerable variations. Anatomical results of their leaf epidermal structures were used to delimit these sterile species. The epidermal cell shapes are polygonal and irregular. Their anticlinal wall patterns are straight, curved or undulate. The epidermal cell numbers are between 87 and 280. Epidermal cell lengths are between 7μm and 38μm. Stomata types are generally paracytic and their indices vary between 5.8 and 11.3. Their trichomes are simple unicellular with lengths between 12μm and 155μm. Both cluster analysis and scatter plots revealed that SID1 and SID2 are very similar species; 94 % similarity. Principal component analysis revealed that epidermal cell number, length, width; trichome; stomata number and indices formed the major components delimiting these species among the 36 characters observed. There are 3 clusters formed which corresponded to 3 sections in Strychnos classifications.
Contracts versus Salaries in Matching : Comment

In this note, I extend the work of Echenique (Amer. Econ. Rev. 102(1): 594-601, 2012) to show that under the assumption of unilaterally substitutable preferences a matching market with contracts may be embedded into a matching market with salaries. In particular, my result applies to the recently studied problem of cadet-to-branch matching. JEL-classification: C78
Technical Memorandum 82084 DIRECTIONALITY EFFECTS IN THE TRANSFER OF X-RAYS FROM A MAGNETIZED ATMOSPHERE : BEAM PULSE SHAPES

The influence of finite rate ionization in the inviscid gas just behind the stagnation shock wave on the radiative heating of lorobee entering the hydrogen-helium atmosphere of the major planets has been investigated. At the present time, there is disagreement as to whether the radiative flux increases or decreases relative to its equilibrium value when finite rate ionization is considered. Leibowitz and Kuo contend that the finite rate ionization in the hydrogen gas just behind the shock wave reduces the radiative flux to the probe, whereas Tiwari and Szema predict that it increases the radiative flux. The radiation modeling used in the calculations of both pairs of these investigators has been reviewed. Tiwari and Szema assumed a Boltzmann population at the local electron temperature for the electronic states of hydrogen. The electron temperature just behind the shock is higher than the temperature for equilibrium flow field calculations. This increases the radiative source function and the excited state populations, both of which increase the radiative emission in the Balmer region of the spectrum. Because shock layers are optically thin in this spectral region, the increased emission directly increases the radiative heat transfer to the probe. The finite rate ionization model developed by Leibowitz involves the assumption that the excited state population is in equilibrium with the electrons at the electron temperature. It also involves a finite excitation rate. This model predicts low excited state populations just behind the shock as compared to equilibrium chemistry solutions. The lower excited state populations reduce the radiative emission just behind the shock and in tarn decrease the radiative heating to values less than those predicted by equilibrium chemistry solutions. I~ is concluded that finite rate ionization in the inviscid rep ter, . R. of the shock layer should reduce the cold wall radiative heating below the values predicted by equilibrium chemistry assumptions.
RESIDENTIAL INEQUALITY AMONG THE ANCIENT MAYA : OPERATIONALIZING HOUSEHOLD ARCHITECTURAL VOLUME AT CARACOL , BELIZE

The size and dominance of architecture in Caracol’s epicenter and outlying monumental nodes demonstrate, at least in part, the hegemony of the rulers who governed and administered Caracol. While Caana, with its enormous construction effort and widespread visibility, phenomenologically dominates the landscape, the actual significance of this architectural feature can best be evaluated in comparison with other structures of a similar nature. Both a residential and administrative structure, Caana is relatively unique in form and scale; however, other household structures occur in at least two distinct architectural forms at Caracol – as both acropoli and plazuelas. In order to operationalize a measurement of hegemony through architecture, energetic analyses – reduced to architectural volume – permit a comparison of wealth inequality as unequal access to labor for household construction. When viewed as a Gini Index, these data allow for a comparative measure of inequality in construction efforts among and between different cities. While other operationalizations of hegemony through architecture and urban design will be required for both a more complete picture of the ancient Maya and to facilitate comparison among Maya cities, this analysis provides one method for discussing the nuances of hegemony using architecture to answer questions of inequality, control, and power.
Sustainable Waste Material Management : The Role of Hnd Programmes In Ghana

Sustainable waste management is important for achieving sustainable construction. The increasing rate of deterioration of the environment coupled with the need for basic developmental needs underscore the need for sustainable construction waste materials management (SCWMM). A survey was conducted with the aim of examining knowledge requirements of Higher National Diploma (HND) programmes in relation to sustainable waste material management in construction alongside construction professional training with Tamale Polytechnic in Ghana as a case study. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 34 continuing students, 11 graduates employed in the construction sector, and 7 teaching staff. The results demonstrate that training does not adequately address key sustainable waste material management practices such as design solutions to waste materials generation, recycling and sorting of waste materials. Also, graduates perceive this aspect of their role challenging with their training offering them little knowledge to solve practical problems bordering on issues relating to sustainable waste material management. The paper makes recommendations for implementing measures that will address the requirements of SCWMM at the HND level of polytechnic education in Ghana and other developing countries practicing similar educational system.
A Lumped Computational Model for Sodium Sulfur Battery Analysis

A Lumped Computational Model for Sodium Sulfur Battery Analysis Fan Wu Due to the cost of materials and time consuming testing procedures, development of new batteries is a slow and expensive practice. The purpose of this study is to develop a computational model and assess the capabilities of such a model designed to aid in the design process and control of sodium sulfur batteries. To this end, a transient lumped computational model derived from an integral analysis of the transport of species, energy and charge throughout the battery has been developed. The computation processes are coupled with the use of Faraday’s law, and solutions for the species concentrations, electrical potential and current are produced in a time marching fashion. Properties required for solving the governing equations are calculated and updated as a function of time based on the composition of each control volume. The proposed model is validated against multidimensional simulations and experimental results from literatures, and simulation results using the proposed model is presented and analyzed. The computational model and electrochemical model used to solve the equations for the lumped model are compared with similar ones found in the literature. The results obtained from the current model compare favorably with those from experiments and other models.
An Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitude amongst Adolescents of Ahmedabad towards Computer Vision Syndrome and Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme

Background: Computer vision syndrome is a condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a computer display for protracted, uninterrupted periods of time. The main aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding computer vision syndrome among students studying in higher secondary schools before and after the administration of a structured teaching programme in selected schools of Ahmedabad city. Materials and Methods: Sample consisted of 180 students who met the eligibility criteria were selected. The tools used for generating necessary data were structured knowledge questionnaires and likert attitude rating scale for computer Vision Syndrome. Structured Teaching Programme was developed by reviewing literature on Computer Vision Syndrome to evaluate the influence on knowledge and attitude among students. Results: The mean post-test knowledge and attitude score was higher than mean pretest knowledge and attitude score. Paired ‘t’ test with a ‘P’ value of <0.05 depicted that there was a significant difference in the pretest and post-test scores at 5% level of significance. Chi-square test revealed that there was no significant association between all demographic variables and knowledge and attitude of the samples. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the Structured Teaching Programme was a suitable and effective method of instruction for updating and enhancing the knowledge as well as attitude of higher secondary students. Resting eyes in between continuous computer work will be helpful to reduce possibility to get Computer Vision Syndrome.