Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Teachers Awareness on Identifying and Reporting Suspected Cases of Child Abuse and Neglect in Primary Schools in Western Region

Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is considered a huge problem that leads to immediate harm and long-term consequences extending from the childhood till adulthood. Teachers play a great role in detecting and reporting CAN and can make contribution to the prevention and early detection of child abuse by reporting suspected cases of child abuse and neglect. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of educational program on teachers' awareness on identifying and reporting suspected cases of CAN in primary schools in Makkah region. A quasi experimental design was used. Educational program was developed and implemented for teachers from 4 different primary schools from Makkah region using convenient sampling. A structured self-report questionnaire was used before and after the educational program. Validity and reliability were tested for the questionnaire. Results: It was found that there is a significant difference in the ability to identify CAN before and after the program. In relation to the reporting CAN, none of them oriented about the child hot line before compared with 84.9% of them after the program. The study concluded the need of involvement of the teachers in awareness activities of CAN to improve their abilities in recognizing and reporting suspected cases of CAN.
Effect of Bt-cotton cultivation on spider (Arachnida : Araneae) populations near Marble Hall, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Bt -cotton, containing and expressing genes from the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensisl/Ig var. kurstaki , is toxic specifically to lepidopteran larvae, but little is known about the impact it could have on predators such as spiders. A survey to determine the effect of Bt -cotton and endosulfan application on spider populations was conducted over two cotton-growing seasons (2001/2002 and 2002/2003) on a farm near Marble Hall in South Africa. Plant-dwelling spiders (lIgnl/Ig = 227) were counted over the two seasons while scouting the plants, but were not identified. Ground-dwelling spiders ( n = 3777) were collected with pitfall traps in both seasons and identified to species level. The ground dwellers were represented by 21 families, 49 genera and 54 species. During the first season a total of 2431 spiders was collected from the pitfall traps, 945 from Bt -cotton and 1486 from non- Bt -cotton (control) fields. In the second season a total of 781 was collected, 416 from Bt -cotton and 365 from non- Bt -cotton fields. A total of 565 spiders was collected from a non- Bt -cotton field sprayed with endosulfan during the second season. The Lycosidae ( n = 2359) represented 62.5 % of all spiders collected in the pitfall traps, followed by the Theridiidae ( n = 757) with 20.0% and Linyphiidae ( n = 342) with 9.1 %. Steatoda erigoniformisl/Ig (Theridiidae) ( n = 744) was the most abundant species, representing 19.7%of all the spiders collected, followed by Pardosa clavipalpisl/Ig (Lycosidae) ( n = 624) with 16.5 %, an undetermined lIgTrabeal/Ig sp. (Lycosidae) ( n= 592) with 15.7 % and another lycosid, Pardosa crassipalpisl/Ig ( n = 543), with 14.4 %. Neither Bt -cotton nor the application of endosulfan had a marked or persistent negative impact on ground- or plant-dwelling spiders in the field.
Gender dynamics in cassava leaves value chains: The case of Tanzania

There is growing recognition of the importance of African leafy vegetables for achieving healthy diets, particularly amongst low-income households. In Tanzania, cassava leaves are an important vegetable, yet little is known about how their markets are organized and who benefits from participation and how. This study examines the structure of and gender dynamics in the cassava leaves value chain in Mkuranga District, Tanzania. Data was collected through structured and semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and observations. The findings show that the value chain is in its formative stage, yet, two thirds of the sampled farmers market cassava leaves. While the value chain is dominated by women, participation at different nodes is highly gendered, and so is the distribution of benefits. Private and public institutions urgently need to increase their support to the value chain, given the importance of the leaves in enhancing diets and as a source of income for women. Finally, future research on cassava should consider both tubers and leaves to understand the trade-offs and synergies between them.
Organizational Culture, Transformational Leadership, Work Engagement and Teacher's Performance : Test of a Model

The present paper aims to explore the effects of organizational culture (formality, rationality, achievement orientation, participation and collaboration, communication professional orientation and teacher autonomy) and transformational leadership on work engagement and teacher’s performance. Data for this cross sectional survey study were collected from 251 teachers drawn from fifteen Islamic high school in Jakarta. Partial least square - structural equation modeling- (PLS-SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses. The results suggest that both organizational culture and transformational leadership were positively and significantly related to work engagement. ; and organizational culture, transformational leadership and work engagement were positively and significantly related to teacher’s performance. This study not only contributes to work engagement research model by identifying the organizational culture and transformational leadership as antecedents, but also is of importance to provide new theoretical and empirical insights and analyze the further effects of organizational culture and principal’s leadership towards work engagement and teacher performance within an educational organization with Islamic background. Keyword (s) organizational culture, leadership, work engagement, teacher performance
Genetic divergence evaluation of apple germplasm by D2 multivariate analysis

Genetic divergence was worked out in the new germplasm of apple (Malus A— domestica Borkh.) including 42 genotypes. Mahalanobis's D2 statistics was applied for identifying the potential parents to be involved in the hybridization programme for trait specific improvement or selecting better segregants. On the basis of performance for various traits, genotypes were grouped into three clusters and maximum numbers of genotypes i.e. 28 were accommodated in cluster I , while 10 and 4 genotypes were arranged in cluster II and III respectively. The average intra cluster distance was maximum in cluster II (2.214) and minimum in cluster III (1.212). Inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster II and III (5.077) indicating that hybridization between genotypes from cluster II and III can be utilized for getting the superior recombinants in segregating generations. On the basis of cluster means for various characters , cluster II was found superior for shoot thickness (0.34cm), inter - nodal length (2.38cm), number of lenticels (62.10) and leaf blade length (8.79cm) whereas cluster III was found superior for leaf blade width (5.10cm), petiole length (2.64cm) and leaf blade ratio (3.62). Hence, hybridization between parents from cluster II and cluster III for these characters can produce better recombinants in segregating generations.
Recruiting Paraeducators Into Bilingual Teaching Roles: The Importance of Support, Supervision, and Self-Efficacy

Abstract This mixed methods study examined the self-efficacy beliefs of paraeducators who became bilingual teachers and paraeducators who did not to explore the possibility that self-efficacy plays a role in paraeducators' career decisions. Data were collected through three sources: a survey, career goal statements, and interviews. Fourteen participants were included in the study. There were qualitative differences and significant quantitative differences between the two groups. Those who became bilingual teachers described work environments and duties that promoted the development of their teacher efficacy. Those who remained in the paraeducator roles described very different work environments. The study highlights the importance of clearly defining paraeducators' roles and responsibilities in ways that utilize their skills, abilities, and interests, and promote their career development.
Mating success of the endemic Des Murs’ Wiretail (Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii, Furnariidae) in fragmented Chilean rainforests

We studied the effects of fragment size, vegetation structure and presence of habitat corridors on the reproductive success of the Des Murs' Wiretail (Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii Des Murs, Furnariidae), a small (10 g) understorey bird, endemic to South American forests. In a rural landscape of Chiloe Island, southern Chile (42°S; 70°W), we determined the mating and nesting success of wiretails in 28 territories distributed in seven small (1- 20 ha) and two large (>300 ha) forest fragments during the 1997-1998 breeding season. Wiretails inhabited dense bamboo thickets in the understorey of forest patches, dense shrublands covering old fields, and dense early successional forest vegetation. Wiretails avoided open pastures. Reproductive success depended solely on the probability of finding mates, and the main factor affecting mating success was the presence of corridors. Mated individuals occupied 72% of the territories in forest patches 300 ha) fragments, but only 20% of territories in isolated fragments surrounded by pastures. Because of the rapid expansion of pastures in southern Chile, the conservation of wiretails and other understorey birds will depend on the maintenance of travel corridors with dense understorey vegetation between forest fragments.
SMEs’ Wealth Creation Model of an Emerging Economy

This article synthesizes the evidence on SMEs’ wealth creation in an emerging economy, paying particular attention to human resource/expertise, technology adoption, innovation and creativity, unit economies, organizational infrastructure and strategy as determinants of SMEs’ wealth creation. A survey of 581 Nigerian SMEs was conducted and the data was analysed and tested using multiple regression and structural equation modelling. The findings revealed Human resource/CEOs expertise as the highest contributory factor to wealth creation within the firm in the industrial and the commercial sectors. The relevant domains were modelled and relevant policy adjustments were suggested.
Liquidity constraints, access to credit and pro‐poor growth in rural Tanzania

Small-scale farmers in developing countries may become trapped in poverty by lack of the liquidity needed to make profitable investments. Increased access to credit could generate pro-poor economic growth if poor households are otherwise liquidity-constrained and if liquidity-constrained households benefit from the new financial services. Using household data from rural Tanzania, this paper presents evidence that increased finance for liquidity-constrained households could generate pro-poor agricultural growth, but that general expansion of financial services to households that have no access to credit would not effectively target lower income households or households whose farm activities are liquidity-constrained. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Big Five Personality on Job Satisfaction: Perspective of Sri Lankan Male and Female School Teachers

This study is aimed to discuss the impact of big five personality traits of the male and female school teachers on their job satisfaction. 229 school teachers (male teachers 45% and female teachers 55%) were used as the sample of the study. Job satisfaction was measured using a questionnaire (short-form) developed by Weiss et al. in 1967 and Big Five Inventory developed by McCrae and John in 1992 was used to measure the big five personality traits. The major finding of the study is that there is a strongly positive relationship and strong impact of big five personality traits of male as well as female school teachers on their job satisfaction.
Observations of deep convective influence on stratospheric water vapor and its isotopic composition

In situ observations of H2O and HDO in the midlatitude stratosphere are used to evaluate the role of convection in determining the stratospheric water budget. The observations show that water vapor in the overworld stratosphere (potential temperature > 380 K) is isotopically heavier than expected. Measurements in an airmass with anomalously high concentrations of water vapor show isotopic water signatures that are characteristic of evaporated ice lofted from the troposphere during convective storms. Observed H2O and HDO concentrations in the plume of enhanced water and in the background stratosphere suggest that extratropical convection can account for a significant fraction of the observed water vapor in the summertime overworld stratosphere above the mid‐North American continent.
Application of Three-Component PIV to a Hovering Rotor Wake

Three-component velocity measurements in the wake of a two-bladed rotor in hover were made using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. The velocity fields were oriented in a plane normal to the rotor disk and were acquired for wake ages ranging from 0 to 270 deg. for one rotor thrust condition. The experimental setup and processing of the instantaneous images are discussed. Data averaging schemes are demonstrated to mitigate the smearing effects of vortex wander. The effect of vortex wander on the measured vortex core size is presented.
Factors influencing the choice of marketing channel by fish farmers in Kirinyaga County

Fish and fishery products are valuable sources of protein and essential micronutrients for balanced nutrition and good health. In Kenya, farmed fish is an integral nutrition, income earning and employment commodity for rural households. In 2010, the Government of Kenya initiated Economic stimulus program to encourage fish farming. Farmers took up the activity as a source of food and income. However, where adopted as business there were little returns (Kimathi et., al 2013). Farmers used diverse marketing channels that apparently posted different profit margins. Descriptive research design involving 147 fish farmers within Kirinyaga County, in 5 sub counties was used and data analyzed using multinomial logit model. It characterized market channels for fish farmers and analyzed the determinants of choice of marketing channel by farmers. The study identified 3 main channels; neighbors, direct market, traders and accounting for 49 percent, 29 percent, and 22 percent respectively. Gender of the household head, distance to market; marketing cost, land tenure, number of fish ponds owned, access to extension services, cost of marketing, membership to a fish farming group, access to inputs, household income, price of fish and type of fish reared had significant influence on farmers’ choice of market channel. Despite the government support, farmers faced challenges of predators, inadequate extension services and access to information. The conclusion is that county Governments and other stakeholders need to facilitate vibrant extension services and market support to the practicing farmers in their localities.
The Underreaction Hypothesis and the New Issue Puzzle: Evidence from Japan

This paper investigates the long-term performance of Japanese firms issuing convertible debt or equity. We find that these firms perform poorly even though the stock-price reaction to convertible debt and equity issue announcements is not significantly negative for Japanese firms and Japanese firms do not issue equity or convertible debt following strong positive abnormal returns. Whereas in the U.S. underperformance appears to be concentrated in the smaller firms and in the firms with a high market-to-book ratio, this is not the case in Japan. The underperformance of Japanese issuing firms cannot be understood in terms of the underreaction hypothesis that some have advanced as an explanation for the poor returns of U.S. issuing firms.
An Action Research on Enhancing Grade 10 Student Creative Thinking Skills using Argument-driven Inquiry Model in the Topic of Chemical Environment

A goal of the 21st-century education is to enhance students’ creative thinking skills as the basis for construction of innovations for developing countries. Generally, previous teaching tradition, teacher-centered approach, are used in many classrooms, however, failed the goal. Therefore, this study aims to promote Grade 10 Thai students’ creative thinking by implementing Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) through three cycles of action research. There are 31 students participated in the study. The student data are collected using learning journals, artifacts and informal interviews then analyzed with content analysis and method triangulation. The findings indicate that students have a progression in creative thinking. They can develop skills of curiosity, originality, fluency, imagination, elaboration, and flexibility respectively. As a recommendation, it is necessary that teaching for that success needs integrations among chemical environment, geography, and art.
Effects of Noise and Whole Body Vibration on Individual’s Mental Performance

Noise and vibration are the common problems in industrialized countries which can affect individual's job performance. The present study aimed to investigate the combination of the whole body vibration and the noise and their effects on the students' mental performance in the laboratory setting. Twenty male students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran were randomly selected to participate in this experiment. Each participant attended in a test consists of 9 stages through the single exposure to the low frequency noise with two sound pressure levels of 75dB and 85dB and two vibration modes with 0.8 m/s 2 and 1.1 m/s 2 acceleration. In addition, the combination of the exposure with variable noise and vibration were tested. The control mode that was included the combination of the background noise (35dB) and vibration was studied. Finally, this study examined the relationship between student cognitive functions and exposure with noise as well as whole body vibration in shallow, intermediate and deep level by mathematical calculation test. The results showed that at shallow level, the whole body vibration, the noise as well as their interactions did not affect the mental performance of student. However, in intermediate and deep levels, the differences are statistically significant. Noise and vibration are two affecting factors over individuals’ mental performance. The amounts of exposure to these variables are crucial. Therefore doing activities with more complex mental tasks require lower levels of physical stressors such as noise and vibration in the environment in order to reduce the error rates in the work.
"Accept That You Should Change Your School's Policy": Pragmatic Strategies in EFL Written Communication

The present study seeks to focus on the pragmatic strategies used in EFL learners’ written discourse. To this end, two groups of EFL learners were asked to write on two face-threatening topics. The analysis revealed that EFL learners used epistemic modal markers as an attempt to fulfill a range of certain pragmatic functions. Nevertheless, lack of attention to pragmatic functions of epistemic modals caused pragmatic infelicities, in particular for the lower proficient group. Besides, the study shed some light on the forms and functions of hedging devices and the strategies EFL learners use to fulfill certain pragmatic goals. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of pragmatic knowledge and the sequential and developmental stages involved in the acquisition of L2 pragmatic norms.
Free to Leave? A Welfare Analysis of Divorce Regimes

During the 1970s the US underwent an important change in its divorce laws, switching from mutual consent to a unilateral divorce regime. Who benefited and who lost from this change? To answer this question we develop a dynamic life-cycle model in which agents make consumption, saving, labor force participation (LFP), and marriage and divorce decisions subject to several shocks and given a particular divorce regime. We calibrate the model using statistics relevant to the life-cycle of the 1940 cohort. Conditioning solely on gender, our ex ante welfare analysis finds that women would fare better under mutual consent whereas men would prefer a unilateral system. Once we condition not only on gender but also on initial productivity, we find that men in the top three quintiles of the initial productivity distribution are made better off by a unilateral system as are the top two quintiles of women; the rest prefer mutual consent. We also find that although the change in divorce regime had only a small effect on the LFP of married women in the 1940 cohort, these effects would be considerably larger for a cohort who lived its entire life under a unilateral divorce system.
New Numerical Treatment for Solving the KDV Equation

In the present article, a numerical method is proposed for the numerical solution of the KdV equation by using collocation method with the modified exponential cubic B-spline. In this paper we convert the KdV equation to system of two equations. The method is shown to be unconditionally stable using von-Neumann technique. To test accuracy the error norms L2, L∞ are computed. Three invariants of motion are predestined to determine the preservation properties of the problem, and the numerical scheme leads to careful and active results. Furthermore, interaction of two and three solitary waves is shown. These results show that the technique introduced here is easy to apply.
Use of satellite remote-sensing techniques to predict the variation of the nutritional composition of corn (Zea mays L) for silage

The nutritional composition of corn (Zea mays L) silage can vary substantially within a same silo. Environmental differences within the cornfield could contribute to this variability. We explored using green vegetation index maps, known as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps, to identify differences in the nutritional composition of corn at the field level. We hypothesized that the nutritional composition of the corn plant differs within the corn- field according to the vegetation index maps as detected by satellite remote-sensing techniques. Three cornfields from 3 commercial dairy farms located within the state of Virginia were utilized in this study. Landsat satellite data were obtained from the US Geological Survey to develop NDVI maps. Each cornfield was segregated in 3 regions classified as low NDVI, mid NDVI, and high NDVI. Corn plants from each region were harvested to determine their nutritional composition. At harvesting, corn plants were cut, weighed, chopped, and analyzed in the laboratory. Data were analyzed as for a complete block design, where fields and NDVI regions were considered blocks and treatments, respectively. The concentrations of ash (40 g kg-1), crude protein (102 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (398 g kg-1), acid detergent fiber (232 g kg-1), acid detergent lignin (14 g kg-1), and starch (304 g kg-1) did not differ at different NDVI regions. In our study none of the cornfields seemed to be environmentally stressed during the growing season of 2014. Therefore, it is plausible that the intrinsic variation of the cornfields was minimum due to the adequate growing conditions.