Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The intake of milk and the retention of its constituents while the newborn rabbit doubles its weight

One of the most interesting, but at the same time unstudied, periods of an animal’s nutritional life is what Karl Thomas (191 I ) referred to as ‘die erste Verdoppelungsperiode des Geburtsgewichtes ’. The technical and physiological difficulties of collecting the food, measuring the amount ingested, and gathering the excreta of suckling laboratory animals have so far prevented satisfactory balance experiments being carried out on them, although the accretion rates of any or all of the constituents of the body can easily enough be obtained by direct analysis. Balance experiments are possible, even if tedious, in human babies, but the pitfalls of calculating accretion rates from them have become ever more apparent of recent years (Wallace, Weil & Taylor, 1958)~ and there is no way of checking the results by chemical analysis of the bodies. In a recent contribution to a book on protein metabolism McCance & Widdowson (1964) set out what information was available about the intake and composition of the food, energy expenditure and the amounts of protein and amino acids required by the rat, pig, calf and human baby while they doubled their birth weights. The interest and importance and at the same time the defects of the comparisons prompted a desire for further evidence and, as Claude Bernard (1865) put it, ‘1,e choix intelligent d’un animal. est souvent la condition essentielle du sucds d’une expkrience et de la solution d’un probkme physiologique trb-important ’. The success of the enterprise, in other words, clearly depends upon selecting a suitable animal for the investigation. The rabbit appears to be such an animal. I t was reported by Deutsch (1957) that young rabbits were not suckled so frequently by their mothers as most other animals, and that they were often left for 24 h without attention. By taking advantage of this fact it has been possible to segregate the young of tame doe rabbits from one morning to the next, to measure the amount of milk consumed by the young by weighing them before and after suckling, and to analyse their bodies at the end of each experiment, and the bodies of litter-mates at the beginning. It was also relatively easy to obtain milk from the mothers or other does for direct analysis, and so to obtain the chemical composition of the food.
Interference of Extracts Obtained from Baccharis Coridifolia D. C. (Asteraceae-Astereae) Action of Antibiotics

The family Asteraceae is the most numerous group within the Angiosperms. Plants from this family are studied for their chemical co mposition and biological act ivity. In these studies, the allelopathic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects are highlighted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the aqueous (AF1) and the oily (OF2) fract ions obtained fro m the ethanol extract of Baccharis coridifolia D. C. on the antimicrobial act ivity of antib iotics used in clinical treat ment. The drugs chloramphenicol (30 µg), norflo xacin (10 µg), sulfametho xazole / trimethoprim (75/23 µg), vancomycin (30 µg ) and amo xicillin (10 µg) were saturated with the fractions AF1 and OF2, and used pure for further comparison. The strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were used. The results showed that both fractions interfered on the activity of the antibiotics tested. Synergistic, antagonistic or indifferent behavior was observed in the interactions, with various degrees of susceptibility to the antib iotics tested. These results show that the use of products derived fro m plants can, in some cases, interfere with the effectiveness of antibiotics during clin ical therapy.
Calcitonin Receptor-stimulating Peptide, a New Member of the Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Family

We isolated a novel biologically active peptide, designated calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide (CRSP), from the acid extract of the porcine brain by monitoring cAMP production in the porcine kidney cell line LLC-PK1. Determination of the amino acid sequence and cDNA analysis encoding a CRSP precursor showed that this peptide has ∼60% identity in the amino acid sequence with human calcitonin gene-related peptide type-α (αCGRP), type-β (βCGRP), and porcine CGRP. Northern blot analysis and radioimmunoassay demonstrated that CRSP is expressed mainly in the thyroid gland and the central nervous system, in which the calcitonin receptor was abundantly expressed. Synthetic CRSP elicited a potent stimulatory effect on the cAMP production in LLC-PK1 cells. Although it shows significant sequence similarity with CGRPs, this peptide did not elicit cAMP elevation in cells that endogenously expressed a CGRP receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor or were transfected with either of these recombinant receptors. Administration of CRSP into anesthetized rats did not alter the blood pressure but induced a transient decrease in the plasma calcium concentration. In fact, this peptide potently increased the intracellular cAMP concentration in COS-7 cells that expressed the recombinant calcitonin receptor. These unique properties indicate that CRSP is not a porcine counterpart of βCGRP and probably elicits its biological effects via the calcitonin receptor.
The Evolution of Homoerotic Behavior in Humans

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical model for the evolution of same-sex sexual behavior, or homoerotic behavior, in humans. Contrary to the traditional study of the topic, the emphasis is on homoerotic behavior itself, irrespective of sexual orientation. It is an inferential model drawn from cross-species evidence, cross-cultural evidence, and current evolutionary theory. It is posited that humans evolved a disposition for homoerotic behavior because it increased same-sex affiliation among peripheralized hominids and indirectly influenced rates of survival and reproductive success. The implications for the conceptualization of same-sex sexual behavior and future research are indicated.
A Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence and Implications of Depression and Anxiety in Psoriasis

Background: Physical and mental comorbidity is common and has significant implications for overall health outcomes. Psoriasis, a psychocutaneous disorder, is a classic example of mental-physical comorbidity. Aims: In view of the impact of socio-cultural influences on mind-body interactions and the paucity of Indian research pertaining to psychiatric morbidity in psoriatic patients, this study was undertaken to measure the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with psoriasis, and to correlate these with severity of psoriasis and quality of life. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 consecutive patients of psoriasis, over a period of 12 months, in a tertiary care centre. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index was used to assess severity of psoriasis. PHQ-9, GAD-7 and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to screen for depression, anxiety and perceived stress respectively. The WHOQOL-BREF was used to determine the quality of life. Statistics Analysis: All analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel software and Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: A total of 71 (78.9%) subjects had depression and 69 (76.7%) had anxiety. Fifty one patients had significant stress. A significant positive correlation was established between psoriasis variables (severity and duration of psoriasis) and psychological variables (depression, anxiety and stress). Severity of psoriasis had a significant negative correlation with social relationships and environmental domains of WHOQOL. Quality of life was significantly worse in patients with psoriasis with comorbid anxiety/depression. Conclusion: Patients with psoriasis have a clinically significant prevalence of depression, anxiety and perceived stress. This study highlights the complex relationship between psoriasis, psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life and the need to simultaneously consider dermatological and psychological factors.
Context, conditioning, and hippocampal rerepresentation in animal learning.

The researchers argue that a previous computational account of hippocampal region function in associative learning (M. Gluck & C. Myers, 1993) has emergent implications that accurately describe the role of the hippocampal region in contextual processing. This article unifies 2 seemingly conflicting views of contextual processing: It accords contextual cues no special representational status (e.g., R. Rescorla & A. Wagner, 1972), yet it also allows context to stand in a superordinate relationship to the cues it contains (e.g., L. Nadel & J. Willner, 1980). As a result, the account correctly expects that context can develop occasion-setting properties and that context shifts can weaken learned responses or attenuate latent inhibition. The article also explains data suggesting that hippocampal lesions reduce contextual sensitivity. It may help unify several previous theoretical accounts of the hippocampal region's role in contextual processing.
Trends in self‐reported sleep problems, tiredness and related school performance among Finnish adolescents from 1984 to 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate long‐term trends in insomnia symptoms, tiredness and school performance among Finnish adolescents. A time–series from 1984 to 2011 was analysed from two large‐scale survey studies, the Finnish School Health Promotion Study and the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children study. A total of 1 136 583 adolescents aged 11–18 years answered a standardized questionnaire assessing frequency of insomnia symptoms, tiredness and school performance. A clear approximately twofold increasing trend in insomnia symptoms and tiredness was found from the mid‐1990s to the end of the 2000s. The increase was evident in all participating age groups and in both genders. After 2008, the increase seems to have stopped. Insomnia symptoms and tiredness were associated with lower school performance and they were more prevalent among girls (11.9 and 18.4%) compared to boys (6.9 and 9.0%, respectively). Unexpectedly, we also observed an increasingly widening gap in school performance between normally vigilant and chronically tired pupils. The underlying causes of these phenomena are unknown, but may concern changes in the broader society. The observed recent increasing trend in adolescents’ sleep problems is worrisome: poor sleep quality has also been suggested to associate with clinical or subclinical mood or anxiety disorders and behavioural problems and predispose to sleep and psychiatric disorders later in life. Our results justify further studies and call for serious attention to be paid to adolescent's sleep in the Finnish educational system and society at large.
Birth weight, dystocia and calf mortality in some New Zealand beef breeding herds.

Calf mortality data were summarized from four experiments, including a total of 15,694 birth records over 39 herd-years. Two experiments at Waikite and Waikeria were long-term, straightbred Angus and Hereford selection trials and the other two, at Goudies and Tokanui stations, were comparisons of 11 sire breeds mated to Angus and Herefore cows. The objective of the analyses was to study the relationship between birth weight (BW) and calf mortality for both calf sexes and for different dam age or parity groups. Overall calf death rates from birth to weaning were greater (P less than .01) from 2-yr-old than from older dams at Waikite (13.4 vs 5.3%) and Waikeria (14.7 vs 5.2%). Sex differences in death rate within 2 d of birth were small for calves from older dams. Death rate of males vs females from 2-yr-old dams were 9.1 vs 3.2% (Waikite) and 17.7 vs 10.5% (Waikeria). Mature Angus dams at Goudies had 3.7% calf deaths at birth (4.9 vs 2.4% for males vs females), a further 1.8% calf deaths to weaning and 4.6% assisted births. The BW of calves at Waikite from Angus 2-yr-old vs older dams averaged, respectively, 6.8 and 6.5% of their dam's precalving live weights. Corresponding figures for Waikeria Angus were 7.8 and 6.6% and for Waikite Herefords, 7.3 and 6.9%. Quadratic regressions revealed that, on a whole-herd basis, a small increase in BW would have no effect on total mortality at Waikeria and would decrease total mortality at Waikite; regression lines were different in shape and minimum value for calves from the two dam age groups. Quadratic models also provided an adequate fit to data from Goudies and Tokanui. There was no particular threshold BW.
Obtaining force–frequency curves with a single 3‐second train of stimuli

We devised a method to assess the force–frequency relationship (FFR) in human skeletal muscle that involved delivery of a single 2.8‐s train of shocks directly to the femoral nerve. This increasing‐frequency train (IFT) was based on a power function, with a range of stimulation frequencies beginning at 5 Hz and rising to 100 Hz. We compared the IFT to a standard series of constant‐frequency trains (CFT) under two conditions. Force–frequency curves were examined, first in response to altered muscle length and second, following fatigue. There was no leftward shift in the curve when the knee extensors were shortened, although maximal force increased. In contrast, we observed a rightward shift in the curve after fatigue with both protocols; the frequency required to develop 50% of maximal force increased by 48% (P < .01) with CFT and 58% (P < .001) with an IFT. The CFT produced an irregular pattern of low‐frequency fatigue recovery. In the IFT, low‐frequency fatigue was greatest at the onset of recovery and decreased linearly until 120 s. These experiments show that the IFT protocol reveals alterations in muscle performance similar to the more traditional CFT. However, it requires only 2.8 s to administer and was judged more tolerable by 70% of our subjects. This suggests that the IFT may be an effective alternative for determining the FFR in human muscle for clinical and experimental purposes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1332–1338, 2001
The Acquisition of Prosodic Word Structures in Spanish by Monolingual and Spanish-German Bilingual Children

This article examines the constraints on Prosodic Word production in Spanish by three monolingual and three Spanish-German bilingual children from the beginning of word production until 2;2. It also considers the relationship between Prosodic Words and Phonological Phrases, and in the case of monosyllabic words, it takes into consideration syllable structure (i.e., presence or absence of codas), in order to ascertain the importance of foot binarity in early child speech. Although the preferred Prosodic Word shape is that of a trochee, there appear a few monosyllables, consisting of CVC (or CV), which are produced earlier by the bilinguals than by the monolinguals. The minimality constraint is violated by the production of CV forms. Maximality constraints are observed for a very short time, as unfooted syllables appear very soon, especially in the data of the monolinguals. However, it takes several more months until Spanish children are able to produce Prosodic Words containing two feet, whereas Phonological Phrases constituted by two disyllabic Prosodic Words are produced earlier by some children. It is proposed that such data can be optimally treated by means of constraints, and their relevance to the question of whether prosodic structure is acquired bottom-up is briefly discussed.
Magnetoresistance at artificial interfaces in the itinerant SrRuO 3 ferromagnet

The magnetoresistance across interfaces in the itinerant ferromagnetic oxide ${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ have been studied. To define appropriately the interfaces, epitaxial thin films have been grown on bicrystalline and laser-patterned ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ substrates. Comparison is made with results obtained on similar experiments using the double-exchange ferromagnetic oxide ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}. $ It is found that in ${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3},$ interfaces induce a substantial negative magnetoresistance, although no traces of the low-field spin tunneling magnetoresistance are found. We discuss these results on the basis of the distinct degree of spin polarization in ruthenates and manganites and the different nature of the surface magnetic layer formed at interfaces.
[Infection by Staphylococcus lugdunensis: clinico-microbiologic characterization of 25 cases].

INTRODUCTION S. lugdunensis is a recently described staphylococcal species with morphologic characteristic similar to those of S. aureus. It has been associated to a variety of clinical infections. In this paper we present the clinical and microbiological features of S. lugdunensis isolates from 25 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have studied the S. lugdunensis isolates obtained from clinical specimens in our laboratory over a three-year period, 1994-96. For all isolates we determined the presence of clumping factor, Dnase, free coagulase in tube and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Full identification was performed with API ID32-Staph strips (bioMérieux) and antimicrobial susceptibility with commercial broth microdilution MIC panels (PASCO System, Difco). RESULTS We obtained 38 S. lugdunensis isolates from 25 patients. The clinical specimens were: breast exudate/pus (8), blood (5), surgical wound (2), urine (2), nasal exudate (2), peritoneal fluid (1), pleural fluid (1), venous catheter (1), Tenckoff catheter (1), bartholin pus (1), ulcer (1). The isolates were considered clinically significant in 20 patients, whereas those of the remaining 5 patients were considered mere colonizers. All isolates were clumping factor (+), ODC (+), Dnase (-) and free coagulase (-). 16/23 (69.5%) were susceptible to penicillin and only one isolate was methicillin-resistant. CONCLUSIONS We have isolated S. lugdunensis from a great variety of clinical specimens (blood, sterile body fluids, urine, skin, abscesses and nasal mucosa). It is specially remarkable the association with non-puerperal mastitis. The presence of clumping factor in all isolates can easily lead to misidentification as S. aureus. The ODC test appears as a good screening method for detecting S. lugdunensis. S. lugdunensis shows a good susceptibility to betalactamic an other antimicrobial agents.
The Mating Sociometer and Attractive Others: A Double-Edged Sword in Romantic Relationships

Eighty-one participants were recruited to test the sensitivity of the mating sociometer to mate-value feedback in the context of ongoing intimate relationships. Experiences of social rejection/acceptance by attractive opposite-sex confederates were manipulated. The effects of this manipulation on self-esteem, relationship satisfaction and commitment, perceptions of dating alternatives, and friendship-dedication were assessed. Social rejection/acceptance by members of the opposite sex altered relationship satisfaction and commitment; this causal link was amplified by changes in state self-esteem; and these effects were specific to intimate relationships and did not generalize to friendship-dedication. This research supports a domain-specific conceptualization of sociometer theory, extending the theory in important directions.
Meigs's Syndrome

actual rupture, and that rupture may occur with only weak contractions. (5) That the prognosis depends upon the time elapsing between rupture and laparotomy. Early diagnosis of impending rupture should reduce the mortality to a minimum. In the case reported only a few minutes elapsed between rupture and the delivery of the child. A little earlier and the uterus might have been saved; a little later and two lives might have been lost.
Subjective response to alcohol among alcohol-dependent individuals: effects of the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene and alcoholism severity.

BACKGROUND Subjective response to alcohol has been examined as a marker of alcoholism risk. The A118G single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene has been previously associated with subjective response to alcohol in heavy drinkers. This study seeks to extend the literature by examining the effect of OPRM1 genotype on responses to alcohol in a sample of alcohol-dependent individuals. A secondary aim of this study is to examine alcoholism severity as a predictor of subjective responses to alcohol. METHODS Nontreatment seeking problem drinkers (n = 295) were assessed in the laboratory for clinical dimensions of alcohol dependence. Following prospective genotyping, 43 alcohol-dependent individuals across the 2 genotype conditions (AA, n = 23 and AG/GG, n = 20) were randomized to 2 intravenous infusion sessions: 1 of alcohol (target breath alcohol concentration = 0.06 g/dl) and 1 of saline. Measures of subjective responses to alcohol were administered in both infusion sessions. RESULTS Alcohol-dependent G-allele carriers reported greater alcohol-induced stimulation, vigor, and positive mood, as compared to A-allele homozygotes. There was no genotype effect on alcohol-induced sedation or craving. There was a statistical trend-level severity × alcohol interaction such that individuals at higher levels of severity reported greater alcohol-induced tension reduction. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that OPRM1 genotype moderates the hedonic effects of alcohol, but not the sedative and unpleasant effects of alcohol, in a sample of alcohol-dependent patients. Results are discussed in light of a clinical neuroscience framework to alcoholism.
Inhibition of Stat3 activity by YC-1 enhances chemo-sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma

The present study investigated the effect of YC-1, a novel anti-cancer agent, on the chemo-sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). YC-1 was administered with chemo-cytotoxic drug, cisplatin, both in vitro and in vivo. YC-1 alone down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated form of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (P-Stat3[705]), a key mediator in chemo-resistance. When combined with cisplatin, YC-1 further promoted tumor cell apoptosis, decreased the expression of P-Stat3(705), Bcl-xL, CyclinD1 and survivin, and induced the cleavage of caspase 9 and PARP. Over-expression of Stat3 reversed YC-1 induced cell death. YC-1 inhibited Stat3 activity by enhancing the polyubiquitination of P-Stat3(705) induced by cisplatin. In the in vivo setting, YC-1 combined with cisplatin remarkably suppressed tumor growth in a HCC xenograft model, and this effect was also accompanied by YC-1 mediated down-regulation of P-Stat3(705), Bcl-xL, Cyclin D1 and survivin, and induction of cleaved caspase 9 and PARP in the tumor tissues. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated a novel anti-cancer effect of YC-1 in enhancing chemo-sensitivity of HCC cells to cisplatin through a Stat3 dependent manner. This finding provides insight into design of a new therapeutic strategy to improve efficacy of chemotherapy in HCC patients.
Genomic organization and expression pattern of scapinin (PHACTR3) in mouse and human

Scapinin has been found to bind to cytoplasmic actin and is also a putative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1). It is found attached to the nuclear matrix-intermediate filament (NM-IF) and is down-regulated by differentiation of tumor cells. We have analyzed the genomic structure and tissue-specific expression pattern of both the human scapinin gene (PHACTR3) and the orthologous mouse gene. Both genes showed a highly conserved complex genomic organization with four different leader exons. Alternative splicing of exon 5 was found to be limited to human and variable polyadenylation in mouse transcripts only. In both species expression seems to occur predominantly in the brain. By Northern blot analysis two major transcripts in human and three transcripts in mouse were detected. Expression analysis in the mouse revealed a tissue-specific complex transcription pattern in the brain and a specific pattern was observed during prenatal development. Based on the transcriptional data we therefore assume scapinin to have a distinct biological function in the mammalian brain.