Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Blending Characteristic of Fish Oil and Sesame Oil

Fish oil is an animal oil which rich in unsaturated fatty acid such as omega 3, while the sesame oil is vegetable oil which rich in omega 6 and omega 9. The difference between unsaturated fatty acids content in each oil supposedly will produce different characteristics if being mixed. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the mixture by physical blending method. Both oils were mixed with proportion fish oil (F0) and sesame oil (S0) of 100:0 (F0), 90:10 (FS1), 80:20 (FS2), 70:30 (FS3), and 60:40 (FS4). Each oils were tested by its color, density, iodine value, saponification value and fatty acid composition. The results show that FS4 has the characteristics of mixed oil with the most yellow color with the value of density, iodine value, and saponification value respectively 0.94 g/cm3, 133.14 gI2/100g and 170.01 mgKOH/g. Fish oil and sesame oil mixtures contained omega 3, omega 6, and omega 9 fatty acids that were higher than their original oils. Because of the benefit of the oil, the mixture of fish oil and sesame oil is suitable for application as edible oil or for industrial purposes.
Do exchange rate shocks matter for Pakistan's export performance?

Pakistan experienced significant contraction in exports, together with sharp appreciation in real effective exchange rate, between 2015 and 2018. However, subsequent devaluations have only had a limited effect in reversing the trend. This has raised questions on the usefulness of exchange rate policies in promoting exports. This paper uses a Bayesian SVAR model to answer this question. I find that exchange rate shocks do have a significant effect on exports. However, the effect materialises with a lag of at least one year. The exchange rate elasticity of exports increases from close to 0 in the first quarter to 1.33 in the sixth quarter. These shocks also explain all of the slowdown in exports between 2015 and 2018.
Towering Levels of Transaminases; Acute Hepatitis versus Severe Leptospirosis: A Case with Review of Literature

Leptospirosis is a disease caused by leptospira a spirochete which involves multiple organs. Towering high transaminase levels in the severe form of the disease are unheard of till date. Thus we are going to present the story of a 32-yearmale, with an initial SGPT level of 3520 U/lit who came up with the diagnosis of leptospirosis and recovered due to timely initiation of antimicrobials and hemodialysis.
Glycated hemoglobin: can it be used as an indicator of serum lipids and post prandial blood glucose : a hospital based retrospective analysis in the opd patients of a tertiary care hospital in andaman and nicobar islands.

Background: Diabetics have increased prevalence of lipid abnormalities leading to coronary artery disease (CAD). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used as a measure of glycemic control. This study correlates HbA1c with lipid profile and the atherogenic ratios in different stages of glycemia so as to comment whether HbA1c can be used as a measure of circulating lipids and hence an independent indicator of dyslipidemia. Also the study evaluates the correlation of HbA1c with FBG (fasting blood glucose) and PPBG (post prandial blood glucose). Materials and methods: The electronic medical records of 239 subjects were reviewed retrospectively. 50 cases were identified in group I (HbA1c 5.7- 6.4%) and 187 cases were categorised in group II (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). Rest 52 age and sex matched subjects were taken as controls (HbA1c < 5.7). The groups were evaluated for FBG, PPBG, HbA1c, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (Tg), HDL Cholesterol (HDLc), LDL Cholesterol (LDLc), Non HDL cholesterol (Non HDLc) and Atherogenic indices (TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc , TG/HDLc). HbA1c was correlated with the FBG, PPBG, lipid profile parameters and atherogenic indices in the 2 groups. Results: All the parameters were found to be raised highly significantly in cases as compared to controls except HDLc which was decreased significantly in cases. But no significant difference was found in the same when the case groups were compared (P value > 0.05). On correlation analysis, HbA1c was found to correlate more with PPBG than FBG. Similarly HbA1c shows significant increasing correlation with TC, Tg, VLDLc and Non HDLc with increasing stages of glycemia. Conclusion: : HbA1c can be used as a marker of blood TC, Tg, LDLc and Non HDLc. Also, HbA1c correlates more with PPBG as compared to FBG.
Cryptosporidium spp . in traction horses in Santa Maria , RS , Brazil

The protozoa Cryptosporidium spp. are nowadays considered as the primary agents of intestinal diseases in humans and animals (Johnson et al., 1997). They have a worldwide distribution and can be found infecting more than 170 different animal species (O'Donoghue, 1995). They belong to the phylum Apicomplexa, parasite the gastrointestinal microvilli epithelium and or the bronchial tree (Fayer et al., 2000). There are currently 14 species of Cryptosporidium well characterized (Xiao et al., 2004). In horses, the main specie is found to be C. parvum. The agent is an intracellular parasite, however, it is extra cytoplasmatic (Boch et al., 1982; Current, 1985; O ́Donogue, 1985) and when it infects the microvilli it is able to determinate their damage, affecting the absorption of nutrients and the performance of the animals.
Cell Membrane Permeability and Ultrastructural Effects of Difenzoquat on Wild Oats (Avena fatua)

Effects of difenzoquat on wild oats grown under controlled environmental conditions were studied. Seedling height and fresh weight were significantly reduced 5 days after postemergence treatment. Dose-dependent increase in cell membrane permeability was detected after a 12-h exposure to the herbicide. Scanning electron micrographs showed normal leaf hairs and cuticular wax but swollen guard cells 10 days after treatment. Ultrastructural changes occurred before the visible symptoms. The primary effect of difenzoquat appears to be the disruption of the tonoplast and plasmalemma. The tonoplast showed greater damage than the plasmalemma. Secondary effects included damage to mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondria were swollen and often ruptured, but the effect did not increase with the duration of exposure. Chloroplasts became spherical in shape, and their contents were also affected. The changes included: accumulation and then disappearance of starch granules, swelling of frets, fusion of granal thylakoids, detachment and then rupture of the outer membrane of the envelope, and clumping of ribosomes. By contrast, natural senescence caused greater injury of the plasmalemma than the tonoplast, a marked increase in size of plastoglobuli, and loss of starch grains without early accumulation.
Multiplexed measurement of protein biomarkers in high-frequency longitudinal dried blood spot (DBS) samples: characterization of inflammatory responses

A detailed understanding of changes in blood protein biomarkers occuring in individuals over time would enable truly personalized approaches to health and disease monitoring. Such measurements could reveal smaller, earlier departures from normal baseline levels of biomarkers thus allowing better disease detection and treatment monitoring. Current practice, however, generally involves infrequent, sporadic biomarker testing, and this undersampling likely fails to capture important biological phenomena. Here we report the use of a robust multiplex immuno-mass spectrometric method (SISCAPA) to measure a panel of clinically-relevant proteins in a unique collection of 1,522 dried blood spots collected longitudinally by 8 individuals over periods of up to 9 years, with daily sampling during some intervals. Analytical workflow CVs of 2-6% for most assays were achieved by normalizing DBS plasma volume using a set of 3 minimally varying proteins, facilitating temporal analysis of both high- and low-amplitude biomarker changes compared to personalized baselines. The biomarkers included a panel of 9 positive and 5 negative acute phase response (inflammatory) proteins, allowing longitudinal analysis of inflammation markers associated with major and minor infections, influenza vaccination, recovery from hip-replacement surgery and Crohn’s disease. The results illustrate complex time-dependent “biomarker trajectories” on multiple timescales and provide a basis for detailed personalized models of inflammation dynamics. The striking stability of most biomarker protein levels over time, combined with the convenience of self-sampling and low cost of multiplexed measurements using mass spectrometry, provide a new window into the temporal dynamics of disease processes. The extensive results obtained using this high throughput approach offer a new source of precision biomarker ‘big data’ amenable to machine learning approaches and application to more personalized health monitoring.
A Closer Look at Concurrent Data Structures and Algorithms

In this survey article, I will present three ideas, regarding the construction of concurrent data structures and algorithms, recently published in [27, 28, 29]. The first idea is that of contention-sensitivity. A contention-sensitive data structure is a concurrent data structure in which the overhead introduced by locking is eliminated in common cases, when there is no contention, or when processes with non-interfering operations access it concurrently. This notion is formally defined, several contention-sensitive data structures are presented, and transformations that facilitate devising such data structures are discussed. The second idea is the introduction of a new synchronization problem, called fair synchronization. Solving the new problem enables to automatically add strong fairness guarantees to existing implementations of concurrent data structures, without using locks, and to transform any solution to the mutual exclusion problem into a fair solution. The third idea is a generalization of the traditional notion of fault tolerance. Important classical problems have no asynchronous solutions which can tolerate even a single fault. It is shown that while some of these problems have solutions which guarantee that in the presence of any number of faults most of the correct processes will terminate, other problems do not even have solutions which guarantee that in the presence of just one fault at least one correct process terminates.
Distribution and incidence of Fusarium wilt in oil palm in Benin

Objectives: Fusarium wilt is the first oil palm pathology, who devastates the plantations in Africa. The currents study aims to diagnose the spatial distribution of this pathology and the incidence of the disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum elaeidis (Foe) in the palm oil growing zone of Benin. Methodology and Results: Thus, a survey was carried out in May 2018 covering 16 plantations distributed in four agroecological zones of production of palm oil in Benin. In each plantation, 15 plants were randomly inspected to evaluate the incidence, the severity, and the distribution of the disease. Root and soil samples were collected at the foot of each evaluated tree, at a depth of 20 cm using an auger. Samples were stored in polyetilene bags, for the detection and isolation of the pathogenic agent. The results showed that incidence is significantly different depending on the agroecological zones prospected (p=0.000). Central Cotton Zone (Ketou) and the Fisheries Zone (Adjohoun) recorded an incidence of vascular wilt of 0%, whereas on the sites surveyed in the Depression Zone (Pobe, Adja-Ouere) and the Bar Land Zone (Ifangni, Misserete, Sakete, Adjarra) the recorded disease incidences were 30.0% and 12.5%, respectively. This study also revealed an uneven distribution of the pathogen on the sites surveyed. Indeed, the study of the soil samples taken at the foot of the plants revealed that the presence of Foe does not systematically induce the disease, or induces it to varying levels, although the isolate is pathogenic and the material planted on each site is identical. Conclusions and application of results: These results demonstrate a polymorphism of oil palm susceptibility to Fusarium wilt and underline the need to define a new screening approach based on the susceptibility factors of oil palm and which minimizes the intra-crossing variations observed. Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis , incidence, severity, symptoms oil palms
TEOG Ortak ve Mazeret Sınavındaki Türkçe ve Matematik Alt Testlerinin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması

Bu calismanin amaci TEOG ortak ve mazeret sinavindaki Turkce ve matematik alt testlerinin psikometrik ozelliklerini karsilastirmaktir. Turkce ve matematik testlerinin ortak ve mazeret sinavlari madde guclugu, madde ayiricilik indeksleri, testlerin guvenirligi ve gecerligi gibi psikometrik ozellikler cevresinde karsilastirmali olarak incelenmistir. Arastirma Turkce ortak sinavi icin 9773, matematik ortak sinavi icin 9485, Turkce mazeret sinavi icin 2747 ve matematik mazeret sinavi icin 2323 ogrencinin madde puanlari uzerinden yurutulmustur. Kapsam gecerligi calismasi icin uzman goruslerine basvurulmustur. Bunun icin arastirmacilar tarafindan TEOG ortak ve mazeret sinavlarindaki sorularin olctugu kazanimlari belirlemek ve karsilastirmak amaciyla soru ve kazanim eslestirme formu ile soru degerlendirme formu olusturulmustur. Arastirma sonucunda test ve madde istatistiklerinin manidar duzeyde farkli oldugu, uzman goruslerine dayali olarak degerlendirilen testin kapsaminin ortak ve mazeret testleri icin benzer oldugu fakat ortak ve mazeret testlerindeki maddelerin ayni yapiyi olcmedigi gozlenmistir.
Bat pollination in Bromeliaceae

ABSTRACT Background: Chiropterophily encompasses the floral traits by which bats are attracted as the main pollinators. Among the chiropterophilous flowering plants of the New World, Bromeliaceae is one of the most ecologically important families; however, information about the chiropterophilous interaction in this family is still scarce. Aims: We present a comprehensive review of bat pollination in bromeliads, covering floral traits, rewards offered to pollinators, floral attractants and the identity of visiting bat species. Methods: We discuss traits shared among chiropterophilous bromeliads and present general trends in an evolutionary context. We constructed a phylogenetic tree to elucidate the ancestral pollination syndromes of the 42 extant bromeliad species (ca. 1% of total) known to be bat-pollinated. Results: Most of the species within the ten genera reported belong to the Tillandsioideae subfamily, with three genera appearing to be exclusively bat-pollinated. Floral visitors include 19 bat species of 11 genera from the Phyllostomidae. Conclusions: Our analysis indicated that chiropterophilous floral features originated multiple times in bromeliad evolution, most probably from ornithophilous. The evidence for floral traits associated with bat pollination and the chiropterophilous syndrome presented by certain Bromeliaceae indicate the important role played by bats in the evolution of this plant family.
Multi‐trait genomic selection for weevil resistance, growth, and wood quality in Norway spruce

Plantation‐grown trees have to cope with an increasing pressure of pest and disease in the context of climate change, and breeding approaches using genomics may offer efficient and flexible tools to face this pressure. In the present study, we targeted genetic improvement of resistance of an introduced conifer species in Canada, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ), to the native white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck). We developed single‐ and multi‐trait genomic selection (GS) models and selection indices considering the relationships between weevil resistance, intrinsic wood quality, and growth traits. Weevil resistance, acoustic velocity as a proxy for mechanical wood stiffness, and average wood density showed moderate‐to‐high heritability and low genotype‐by‐environment interactions. Weevil resistance was genetically positively correlated with tree height, height‐to‐diameter at breast height (DBH) ratio, and acoustic velocity. The accuracy of the different GS models tested (GBLUP, threshold GBLUP, Bayesian ridge regression, BayesCπ) was high and did not differ among each other. Multi‐trait models performed similarly as single‐trait models when all trees were phenotyped. However, when weevil attack data were not available for all trees, weevil resistance was more accurately predicted by integrating genetically correlated growth traits into multi‐trait GS models. A GS index that corresponded to the breeders’ priorities achieved near maximum gains for weevil resistance, acoustic velocity, and height growth, but a small decrease for DBH. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to breed for high‐quality, weevil‐resistant Norway spruce reforestation stock with high accuracy achieved from single‐trait or multi‐trait GS.
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients in a tertiary institution, South-South Nigeria

Background: The risk of chronic metformin pharmacotherapy to cause vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated medical complications has been of immense concern among diabetic patients. Some studies have postulated that vitamin B12 deficiency is highly prevalent among chronic metformin-treated adult diabetic patients. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated and metformin-naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and methods: This was a case-control, prospective, analytical, observational study of 200 adult participants (100 per group) attending the Endocrinology, Medical Out-patients Clinic of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria. The participants’ serum vitamin B12 levels were determined using an immunoassay technique. Data were presented using tables and charts. Chi-square test was used to compare non-continuous proportional variables. Results: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 41% and 20% among metformin-treated and metformin-naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus groups, respectively (p = 0.001). Borderline vitamin B12 status was present among 59% of metformin-treated group and 80% of metformin-naïve group (p = 0.001). Neither metformin-treated nor metformin-naïve groups had normal serum vitamin B12 levels. Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly high in diabetics, especially the metformin-treated patients. We advocate for vitamin B12 supplementation among this group of patients in order to prevent the occurrence of vitamin B12 deficiency complications such as macro-ovalocytic anemia, impaired immunity with hypersegmented neutrophils, peripheral neuropathy and subacute degeneration of the spinal cord.
Do Lenders Price Tax Risk in the Debt Contract?

We investigate the relation between tax risk and the cost of private debt. Tax risk can lead to significant negative outcomes, including penalties, interest and additional tax payments, which in turn can increase the uncertainty of future cash flows and make it costlier for a firm to borrow. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find a significant, positive relation between the cost of borrowing and tax risk. In terms of economic significance, a one percent increase in our tax risk measure implies an interest rate increase of 4.04 basis points. We also find that lenders are more likely to require collateral, include more covenants, and issue smaller loans when borrowers have higher tax risk.
INTENTIONS OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES TO PARTICIPATE IN REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR

Background. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive power of affective and cognitive attitudes, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and past behaviour for intentions to be physically active in a sample of patients with diabetes. Methods. The study included 114 patients with diabetes, 31.2% were men, 62.3% had Type 1 diabetes. Mean age of participants was 44.08 ± 19.31 years. Past physical activity behaviour was measured using physical activity scale from Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) (Cronbach alpha .62) (Toobert, Hamsted, & Glasgow, 2000). Variables within Theory of planet behaviour (intentions, affective and cognitive attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control) were developed based on the recommendations made by Ajzen (2006). All Theory of planet behaviour questions were scored using a 7-point Likert scale. Cronbach alphas varied from . 61 to . 96. Results. Perceived behavioural control and subjective norm were significant predictors of intentions (p < .05). Emotional and cognitive attitudes as well as past physical activity were not related to intentions to exercise (p > .05). Conclusions. Enhancing self-efficacy and ability to control the disease as well as strengthening positive relationships of patients with members of the team involved in the treatment, whose attitudes are regarded, should be considered developing interventions aimed at increasing the motivation of patients with diabetes to regularly practice physical activities.
Teaching Summary Writing to Students with Learning Disabilities via Strategy Instruction

Abstract In this single-case design study we examined the effects of a summarizing strategy on the written summaries of students with learning disabilities (LD). Three students with LD in fifth and sixth grades learned a mnemonic-based strategy (WINDOW) for writing summaries taught using the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) approach. Visual analyses were conducted, along with estimated effect sizes using quantitative methods at both the individual level and across cases. Results indicate that the treatment program had a positive effect on the quality of written summaries. Anecdotal evidence suggested that the students understood the strategy and could independently recall the steps of the strategy by the end of the intervention. Results suggest that the strategy has the potential to improve the summary writing skills of students with LD. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Green Transportation and Logistics Performance: An Improved Composite Index

This article constructs an environmental logistics performance index (ELPI) for assessing the overall performance in green transportation and logistics practices of 112 countries. The index is measured by logistics performance index (LPI), CO2 emissions and oil consumption from the transport sector, using a range-adjusted measure (RAM) of the data envelopment analysis (DEA). ELPI effectively reflects the tradeoff between logistics efficiency and environmental protection in transportation. This article analyzes the impact of income and region on ELPI scores and discusses those countries’ reduction potential in oil consumption intensity and carbon intensity. The main finding of the research work is that ELPI is strongly correlated with LPI, and countries with high performance in LPI generally perform well in ELPI. Similar to the characteristics of LPI, ELPI is also closely related to income and region. During our study period, high income countries performed best, while Sub-Saharan Africa countries performed worst. However, some exceptions such as Venezuela, RB and Benin, indicate that the level of development of logistics performance and green transportation can outperform or lag behind their income or region group peers.