Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Resource Management and Nudging: An Experimental Analysis on Goal Settings in German Companies

We analyse how human resource managers and directors in German companies can become aware of the application of incentive systems like goalsetting and performance-based pay. In particular, we analyse to what extent a nudge can increase the interest of experts in goalsetting and performance-based pay. The nudge consists of giving information concerning the diffusion rate of goalsetting and performance-based pay, as well as the potential productivity increase. In fact, surveyed HR managers who received the information reported a higher interest in goalsetting and performance-based pay compared to the control group of HR managers without such information. Furthermore, the study showed a consistent answering behaviour between statements about intended activities with the performance management and statements about the actual implementation one year later.
Effects of changes in nutrient loading and composition on hypoxia dynamics and internal nutrient cycling of a stratified coastal lagoon

Abstract. The effects of changes in catchment nutrient loading and composition on the phytoplankton dynamics, development of hypoxia and internal nutrient dynamics in a stratified coastal lagoon system (the Gippsland Lakes) were investigated using a 3-D coupled hydrodynamic biogeochemical water quality model. The study showed that primary production was equally sensitive to changed dissolved inorganic and particulate organic nitrogen loads, highlighting the need for a better understanding of particulate organic matter bioavailability. Stratification and sediment carbon enrichment were the main drivers for the hypoxia and subsequent sediment phosphorus release in Lake King. High primary production stimulated by large nitrogen loading brought on by a winter flood contributed almost all the sediment carbon deposition (as opposed to catchment loads), which was ultimately responsible for summer bottom-water hypoxia. Interestingly, internal recycling of phosphorus was more sensitive to changed nitrogen loads than total phosphorus loads, highlighting the potential importance of nitrogen loads exerting a control over systems that become phosphorus limited (such as during summer nitrogen-fixing blooms of cyanobacteria). Therefore, the current study highlighted the need to reduce both total nitrogen and total phosphorus for water quality improvement in estuarine systems.
Dermatitis por contacto a Metopium brownie (Chechem). Observaciones clínicas de 20 casos en Quintana Roo, México

Las fitodermatitis son frecuentes en la practica dermatologica. En la peninsula de Yucatan observamos entre otras, la ocasionada por Metopium brownei cuyo componente toxico es el urushiol. No hay comunicaciones previas de esta dermatosis en la literatura revisada. Objetivo: Identificar las principales caracteristicas clinicas de la dermatitis reaccional por Metopium brownei. Metodologia: Estudio retrospectivo de 20 casos. Se registraron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, ocupacion, sitio de exposicion, tiempo de aparicion de las primeras manifestaciones, topografia, morfologia y diagnostico clinico. No se realizaron pruebas epicutaneas. Resultados: 65% fueron de sexo masculino, con un promedio de edad de 25.1 anos. No se documento una ocupacion predominante, la selva fue el sitio de encuentro con el arbol (90%) y el tiempo de inicio de las manifestaciones fue en promedio, de 2.5 dias luego de la exposicion. Las reacciones tipo eccema fueron las mas comunes. En ausencia de pruebas de parche, se realizo el diagnostico clinico probable de dermatitis por contacto alergica en 9 de los 20 pacientes (45%), en 30% tanto irritativa como alergica, en 1% fotosensibilidad y en 1% dermatitis por contacto aerotransportada. Conclusiones: Las reacciones a Metopium brownei corresponden principalmente a un probable proceso alergico local, sistemico, con fotosensibilidad o aerotransportado. Las manifestaciones clinicas son muy similares a las observadas con la hiedra venenosa y otras fitodermatitis causadas por urushiol. La gran afluencia de turistas a la peninsula de Yucatan permite suponer que este cuadro puede observarse en cualquier parte del mundo y su reconocimiento puede ser de utilidad aun para la comunidad dermatologica que no resida en las zonas endemicas
Effectiveness of communication skills training on intimacy and marital adjustment among married women

There has been attention toward maintenance and increase intimacy and marital adjustment among couples using some methods such as life skills due to the increased divorce rate in current societies; hence, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of communication skills training on intimacy and marital adjustment among married women who have referred to counseling centers in Tehran, Iran. : this research is an experimental study with pretest and posttest. Statistical population of study included all women living in regions 2 and 5 of Tehran City who had been randomly chosen among all regions. These women referred to counseling centers in Tehran during 2016. There were 50 members randomly chosen from women who had gained low score within marital intimacy and adjustment questionnaire and then assigned into two experimental and control groups (25 members in each group). Experimental group were taught communication skills during 10 90-minutes sessions and control group was in waiting list. The obtained data were analyzed using multi-variable analysis of covariance through SPSS-22 software. According to the results obtained from analyses in study, there was a significant difference between two groups in terms of intimacy and marital adjustment after intervention (P<0/05). the obtained findings indicated that communication skills training could effect on increase in intimacy and marital adjustment.
Abundance and Distribution of Demersal Sharks on the Grand Banks with Particular Reference to the NAFO Regulatory Area

Six species of small sharks have been recorded in Canadian waters, but only two are abundant: spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias and black dogfish Centroscyllium fabricii. Others less commonly encountered are a warm temperate vagrant, the smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis, a bathydermal species, Portuguese Shark, Centroscymnus coelolepis, the deepsea cat shark, Apristurus profundorum and great lantern shark, Etmopterus princes. On the south west Grand Banks, spiny dogfish are at the northern fringe of their distribution in the northwest Atlantic, concentrated on the western extent of St. Pierre Bank mainly in 100-250 m in the warmest available temperatures (>5°C) and comprise mature adults. The Grand Banks constitutes only 6% of the area occupied by spiny dogfish in Canadian waters and on average, 10% of the extent of the total distribution of spiny dogfish on the Grand Banks (Div. 3LNOP) occurred within the NRA. Over the past ten years, the area occupied by spiny dogfish on the Grand Banks has diminished. Spiny dogfish were observed the trawl surveys and in commercial catches in all months of the year, indicating that some proportion of the spiny dogfish that occur on the western Grand Banks do not migrate south in winter. The index of abundance for spiny dogfish is highly variable, without trend. Given their highly aggregated distribution and migratory behaviour, it is unlikely that theses patterns reflect trends in population size. On average, only 14 t are taken annually as bycatch in Grand banks fisheries. Black dogfish distribute along the entire length of Canadian slope waters and in the Laurentian Channel where they are about 10 times more densely concentrated On average, 41% of the extent of the area occupied by black dogfish on the Grand Banks (Div. 3LNOP) occurred within the NRA (15% of the Canadian distribution). Only 1.5% of the abundance occurred within in the NRA because dogfish were highly concentrated in the Laurentian Channel. Black dogfish occupy a wide range of depths: 98% from 400 to 1 400 m, highest concentrations in 350-500 m (Laurentian Channel). Black dogfish were associated primarily with temperatures > 3.8°C. In the Laurentian Channel, the spring index of abundance fluctuated at a relatively low level during the 1970’s-early 1980’s then increased rapidly. The index leveled off and stabilized until the mid-1990s. Since that time, it has declined, perhaps reaching stability in recent years. All evidence indicates that black dogfish in Canadian waters have a highly structured distribution with some separation by stage. Large (pregnant) females migrate to the shallow (<400 m) portion of the Laurentian Channel where pupping occurs. The young then move into deeper waters of the channel. As they mature they move out of the channel and onto the slope waters. As they grow they move into deeper waters of the slope. Bycatch in Canadian waters averaged 68 t annually between 1996 and 2005. No data were available from the NRA.
Effect of threonine and methionine levels in the diet of laying hens in the second cycle of production.

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to evaluate productive variables and egg component yields of laying hens in the second productive cycle that were fed a low-protein diet with increasing levels of Thr and Met. A total of 480 hens were assigned to a factorial arrangement of 3 levels of Thr (0.42, 0.48, and 0.54%) and 4 levels of Met (0.19, 0.32, 0.45, and 0.58%). Feed intake was lower (P
The Causal Impact of Migration on US Trade: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Immigrants can increase international trade by shifting preferences towards the goods of their country of origin and by reducing bilateral transaction costs. Using geographical variations across US states for the period 1970 to 2005, we quantify the impact of immigrants on intermediate goods imports. We address endogeneity and reverse causality – which arises if migration from a country of origin to a US state is driven by trade opportunities between the two locations – by exploiting the exogenous allocation of refugees within the US refugee resettlement program. Our results are robust to an alternative identification strategy, based on the large influx of Central American immigrants to the United States after hurricane Mitch. We find that a 10 percent increase in recent immigrants to a given US state raises intermediate imports from those immigrants' country of origin by 1.5 percent.
Gender Identity Salience and Perceived Vulnerability to Breast Cancer

Breast cancer communications that make women's gender identity salient can trigger defense mechanisms and thereby interfere with key objectives of breast cancer campaigns. In a series of experiments, the authors demonstrate that increased gender identity salience lowered women's perceived vulnerability to breast cancer (Experiments 1a, 3a, and 3b), reduced their donations to ovarian cancer research (Experiment 1b), made breast cancer advertisements more difficult to process (Experiment 2a), and decreased ad memory (Experiment 2b). These results are contrary to the predictions of several prominent theoretical perspectives and a convenience sample of practitioners. The reduction in perceived vulnerability to breast cancer following gender identity primes can be eliminated by self-affirmation (Experiment 3a) and fear voicing (Experiment 3b), corroborating the hypothesis that these effects are driven by unconscious defense mechanisms.
Can abnormal returns be earned on bandwidth-bounded currencies? Evidence from a genetic algorithm

Most of the studies about the Foreign Exchange market (Forex) analyse the behaviour of currencies that are allowed to float freely (or almost freely), but some currencies are still bounded by bandwidths (either disclosed or undisclosed). In this paper, I try to find out whether two bandwidth-bounded currencies, the Hong Kong dollar (HKD) and the Singapore dollar (SGD), present opportunities for abnormal returns. I consider a set of trading rules, and I use a genetic algorithm to optimise both the subset of rules to be used and their parameters, using real market data. I use four pairs of currencies, two of them involving currencies bounded by bandwidths and two others involving only free-floating currencies. I compare the results obtained for the different pairs, both in terms of profitability and in terms of the types of the rules that are used. Evidence of profitability is more consistent for the only pair including a bandwidth bounded currency without a narrow price band, the USD/SGD. Trend reversing rules are preferred for this currency pair, while the preferred type of rule seems to depend on the pair of currencies when free-floating currencies are considered. In the case of the SD/HKD, the small number of price changes, as well as the price stability (possibly consequences of a narrow price band) do not allow me to obtain conclusive results.
Characterisation of fungal communities of developmental stages in table grape grown in the northern region of South Africa

Aims: To determine fungal communities that characterise table grapes during berry development. Methods and Results: Two agro-ecologically different table grape commercial farms (site A and B) were used in this study. Samples were collected at full bloom, pea size and mature stages, from three positions (inside centre, eastern and western peripheral-ends) per site. Total DNA extraction, Illumina sequencing and analysis of 18 pooled samples for fungal diversity targeting ITS1-2 generated a total of 2035933 high quality sequences. The phylum Ascomycota (77.0%) and Basidiomycota (23.0%) were the most dominant, while the genera, Alternaria (33.1%) and Cladosporium (24.2%) were the overall dominant postharvest decay causing fungi throughout the developmental stages. Inside centre of site A were more diverse at full bloom (3.82) than those at the peripheral-ends (<3.8), while at site B, the peripheral-
Lingua franca, prestisje språk og forestilt fellesskap:: Om engelsk som akademisk språk i Norge. Et kasusstudium i bred kontekst

Lingua franca, prestisjesprak og forestilt fellesskap: Om engelsk som akademisk sprak i Norge. Et kasusstudium i bred kontekst. Den overordna problemstillinga i avhandlinga er: ”Hva er hovedfaktorene som pavirker forholdet mellom det norske og det engelske spraket i akademia i Norge, og hva er konsekvensene av eventuelle endringer i dette forholdet? ”. Avhandlinga bestar av to deler, der den forste er en gjennomgang av det engelske sprakets stilling ved universitetene i nord- og vest-Europa og av relevant politikk pa internasjonalt og norsk niva. Avhandlingas andre del bestar av et kasusstudium av en enhet ved Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. Kasusstudiet folger denne enhetens forberedelser til og innforing av engelsk som det eneste undervisningsspraket, og ser pa nar og pa hvilke mater engelsk, norsk og andre sprak blir brukt, pa studenters og ansattes meninger og opplevelse av dette, og pa grunner og motivasjoner bak vedtaket om a la engelsk bli det offisielle undervisningsspraket. Metodene som er brukt, er forst og fremst kvalitative, men med noe stotte i kvantitativ metode. I avhandlingas forste del gjores det bruk av skriftlige kilder, samt intervju med enkelte sentrale politikere. I avhandlingas andre del er metodene intervju og observasjon, med stotte i sporreskjema i den tidlige fasen av undersokelsen. Den teoretiske bakgrunnen ligger hovedsakelig i begrepene domene og domenetap, og avhandlinga er ment a skulle bidra til videre teoretisk utvikling og avgrensing av disse begrepene. Andre viktige teoretiske innfallsvinkler er globaliseringsforskning og Pierre Bourdieus teorier om den spraklige ”markedsplassen”. Tolkningen av funnene viser at matene det engelske spraket brukes pa i universitets-Norge ikke bare er et resultat av et behov for a kommunisere via et fellessprak i en verden der globalisering og internasjonalisering star stadig mer sentralt. I tillegg til dette behovet for et lingua franca brukes engelsk ogsa for a gi okt prestisje, og dessuten for a gjore koplinger til visse fellesskap.
Can Foreign Investment in Real Estate Improves Host Country’s Affordability?

Inflows of foreign capital are necessary to complement the available domestic fund or capital of host countries. Foreign capital may also bring in management skills, latest technology and so on, which later has the potential to be transferred to local firms in host countries. It is expected that foreign capital will elevate host country's affordability. Nonetheless, this argument is very much one-way. Foreign capital is also expected to be able to exert negative consequences such as fuelling up domestic price (either stock market price, and/or real estate price) and failure to effectively transferring knowledge, skills and technologies, leading to unchanged or lower country's affordability level. Hence, this study aims at investigating the effect of foreign investment in real estate (FIRE) on host country's affordability. Using 30 emerging markets as a case for the period of 2000–2011, estimated by using fixed-effect model and complemented by 2-stage least square (2SLS) method, this study found that FIRE has a tendency to generate positive effect on countries' affordability. On the policy implication side, government can continue attracting foreign investment in real estate but it should be done cautiously as the effect is not elastic.
Nutritional and anti-nutritional components of some selected edible mushroom species

The present investigation is carried on nutritional and anti-nutritional components in edible mushroom species of Agaricus bisporus , Calocybe indica , Lentinula edodes, Macrocybe gigantea (MA1), M. gigantea (MA2) and Lentinus sajor-caju syn. Pleurotus sajor-caju . Moisture content, total sugars, reducing sugars, protein content, ash content, extracellular enzymes (amylase, lipase and protease), minerals, tannins and phytic acid were assayed. All the species investigated contained considerable quantity of all nutritional and were low in anti-nutritional components. The values (mg/g) ranged from 38.66-47.73 for total carbohydrates, 9.02-17.77 for reducing sugars and 6.50-9.66 for total ash content. Protein content (g/100 g dry weight) ranged from 6.43 in L. sajor-caju to 26.2 in L. edodes . Among the minerals, phosphorus is the most abundant element in all mushroom species and it was maximum (944.5) in M. gigantea (MA2). The macronutrients (mg/100 g dry weight) in different mushroom species ranged between 345.8-944.5 (P), 21.8-68.8 (Ca) and 6.4-45.63 (Mg), while micronutrients ranged between 14.5-46.0 (Fe), 1.31-15.9 (Cu), 1.1-3.7 (Mn), 7.7-28.2 (Zn), 0.14-2.1 (Cr) and 0.004-0.39 (Co). None of the toxic elements like As, Hg or Pb was detected in any species. The anti-nutritional components like tannins (0.41-0.57 mg/g) and phytic acid (0.11-0.19 mg/g) were found below the threshold limits. The extracellular hydrolytic enzymes activity (mm) was maximum and minimum in L. edodes (34.1) and A. bisporus (9.16); L. sajor-caju (41.3) and M. gigantea (MA2) (22.3); and C. indica (90.0) and A. bisporus (34.6) for amylase, lipase and protease, respectively. The present study indicate that A. bisporus contain high nutrition (in terms of moisture content, total sugar, ash content, copper, zinc, iron and manganese) and low tannins and phytic acid content while C. indica contained least in all nutrition except protease activity.
The Electronic Component of Solid Fluoride Electrolytes

The solid electrolytes based on sodium cryolite are present in aluminium electrolysers as frozen crystals formed on the side walls of the carbon lining (side ledge). Their main task is to protect the lining from the effect of liquid electrolyte and ensure temperature stabilization during the process of electrolysis. On the other hand, being electrically conductive, they can reduce the current efficiency. In this study, the value of the electronic component of the total conductivity of the solidified electrolytes of different compositions was determined. It was found that the highest electronic conductivity is exhibited by electrolytes containing both aluminium and calcium fluoride. However, the electronic component of the total conductivity is not high and reaches 0.1-2.3 mS/cm. Its share in the total conductivity of the solid multi-component electrolytes varies and, depending on their composition, is in the range of 1 ÷ 10%.
Who Will Be an Entrepreneur? How Cultural Mechanisms and Social Network Structure Together Influence Entrepreneurial Participation

Using data collected from 35 countries over five years, this study provides an investigation of the combined influence of cultural factors and social network structure on whether or not an individual, anywhere in the world, becomes an entrepreneur. Results show that knowing someone who has started a business recently, across the world, has a significant impact on entrepreneurship participation. Regarding the potential cultural influences, it seems that importance attached to personally knowing entrepreneurs differs significantly between individuals operating in different cultures. In cultures with high power distance, personally knowing a person who recently started a business is relatively less important as a driver of entrepreneurship participation compared to cultures with low power distance. On the other hand, in cultures where the Hofstede's 'masculinity' construct predominates, it is more important than in cultures characterised by 'femininity'.
Foreign Banks in Sub-Saharan Africa - Do North-South and South-South Banks Induce Different Effects on Domestic Banks?

In theory, the presence of foreign banks has spillover and competition effects on domestic banks leading to higher efficiency. Next to foreign banks from industrialized countries (north-south banks), foreign banks from developing countries (south-south banks) are important investors in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). South-south banks are either regional investors or are hosted in developing countries beyond SSA. This paper studies the competitive advantages and strategies of north-south as well as regional and non-regional south-south banks from a theoretical perspective. Moreover, the study examines theoretically whether these foreign banks induce different effects on domestic banks. To explore these issues empirically, 80 domestic banks in 17 countries of SSA between 1999 and 2006 are considered. The results show that the presence of north-south and south-south banks positively affects the costs of domestic banks. This suggests that domestic banks invest in the modern practices of foreign banks. Domestic banks' margins are positively related to the presence of north-south and nonregional south-south banks indicating a lack of competitive pressure. In contrast, regional south-south banks have a negative impact on the margins of domestic banks.
Effect of plant density on oil yield of safflower

The definition of the ideal plant population is important for good safflower agricultural management in Brazil, as they are gaining importance as oleaginous plant. Two experiments were conducted in an Rhodic Acrudox in 2014 in Cascavel, PR, Brazil, to evaluate the effect of plant density on growth, yield components and grain yield in safflower oil during autumn and winter seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications and four plant densities per meter (5, 10, 15 and 20 m). Densities of 14 and 16 plants per meter gave greater heights of plants during autumn and winter, accordingly. Increasing densities reduce the number of branches and chapters in autumn, but increase in the productivity of grains and oil. The oil content was improved by cultivating plants in winter, since the population of safflower in winter is higher as compared to fall. In safflower sown in autumn, between 15 and 16 plants per meter was sufficient for maximum grain yield and oil. The oil yield was 15% higher in autumn (992 kg ha-1) as compared to winter (858 kg ha-1). Key words: Carthamus tinctorius L. , oil content, oilseed.