Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3D PRINTING OF CERAMIC BONE GRAFTS WITH DIFFERENT INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE

Bioceramics in the form of scaffolds hold great promise in bone tissue regeneration. While the scaffold composition is important for biocompatibility, the internal architecture plays a key role in allowing proper cell penetration, nutrient diffusion, bone ingrowth, vascularization as well as mechanical properties. A solid freeform fabrication is a promising processing technique, allowing to study structural parameters independently. This bachelor thesis is focused on ceramic bone replacements with different internal structure. The thesis is divided into 8 chapters. The first four chapters briefly summarize the current state of the art in the following fields: bone structure, requirements for synthetic bone replacements, scaffold architecture, and fabrication methods with an emphasis on 3D printing. The next chapters deal with experimental part. The image analysis of mouse skeleton was performed. On the basis of the measured pore size (50 ‒ 200 μm) and according to the literature search, 16 structures with various shape, curvature and pore size were designed. The CAD models were printed by a stereolithography from a tricalcium phosphate dispersion. Sintered ceramic scaffolds exhibited an ideal structure for application in bone tissue engineering. Scaffolds contained both interconnected macroand micropores of optimal sizes up to 500 μm and about 3 μm, respectively. The results confirm that stereolithography is suitable, and compared to others, precise method for preparing scaffolds having different internal structures. The individual structural characteristics influencing the scaffold behaviour will be possible to study independently to each other. And thus improve the scientific knowledge in the field of treatment of large segmental bone defects.
3 Extractions of Behavioural Features from API Calls

This paper proposes a scalable approach for distinguishing malicious files from clean files by investigating the behavioural features using logs of various API calls. We also propose, as an alternative to the traditional method of manually identifying malware files, an automated classification system using runtime features of malware files. For both projects, we use an automated tool running in a virtual environment to extract API call features from executables and apply pattern recognition algorithms and statistical methods to differentiate between files. Our experimental results, based on a dataset of 1368 malware and 456 cleanware files, provide an accuracy of over 97% in distinguishing malware from cleanware. Our techniques provide a similar accuracy for classifying malware into families. In both cases, our results outperform comparable previously published techniques.
Title Bacterial Manipulation of NK Cell Regulatory Activity Increases Susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes Infection

Natural killer (NK) cells produce interferon (IFN)-γ and thus have been suggested to promote type I immunity during bacterial infections. Yet, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and some other pathogens encode proteins that cause increased NK cell activation. Here, we show that stimulation of NK cell activation increases susceptibility during Lm infection despite and independent from robust NK cell production of IFNγ. The increased susceptibility correlated with IL-10 production by responding NK cells. NK cells produced IL-10 as their IFNγ production waned and the Lm virulence protein p60 promoted induction of IL-10 production by mouse and human NK cells. NK cells consequently exerted regulatory effects to suppress accumulation and activation of inflammatory myeloid cells. Our results reveal new dimensions of the role played by NK cells during Lm infection and demonstrate the ability of this bacterial pathogen to exploit the induction of regulatory NK cell activity to increase host
The Quest for Visual Interest SOLEYMANI

In this paper, we report on identifying the underlying factors that contribute to the visual interest in digital photos. A set of 1005 digital photos covering different topics and of different qualities was collected from Flickr. Images were annotated by a pool of diverse participants on a crowdsourcing platform. 12 bipolar ratings were collected for each photo on 7-point semantic differential scale, including dimensions related to interest, emotions and image quality. Every image received 20 annotations from unique participants. The most important appraisals and visual attributes for visual interest in photos was identified. We found that intrinsic pleasantness, arousal, visual quality and coping potential are the most important factors contributing to visual interest in digital photos. We developed a system that automatically detects the important visual attributes from low level visual features and demonstrated their significance in predicting interest at individual level. SOLEYMANI, Mohammad. The Quest for Visual Interest. 2015
He Firm’s Short-term Growth Rate and Earnings Management

This paper uses performance-matched income increasing discretionary accruals as earnings management measurement and shows a positive association between earnings management and short-term growth rate. Further test suggests there is a positive relationship between earnings management and variance of the growth rate. Since valuation models usually use the growth rate that is derived from analysts’ forecast and existing literature suggests that analysts do not fully consider the impact of earnings management indication on the future earnings and growth rate, findings of this paper provide new insights into effect of earnings management on the growth when OJ formula is used.
The Potential Role of Circuit Parties in the Spread of HIV Among MenWhoHaveSexwithMeninAsia : ACall forTargetedPrevention

We postulated that the growing popularity of circuit parties may play a role in the escalating HIV prevalence among men whohavesexwithmen (MSM)in Asia. Thepresent study is the first to characterize the sociodemographic and HIV-related behavioral factors of circuit party attendees living in Asia. We analyzed a subset of data from the Asia Internet MSM Sex Survey conducted from January 1 to February 28, 2010. Inclusion criteria included: being biologically male, aged 18 years or above, self-reported sex with another man, and reported international travel in the past 6 months (N = 6,094). From our multivariable logistic regression model, participants’ resident country with low HIV prevalence (among MSM) (AOR 1.59, 95 % CI 1.27–2.00) and country of destination with high HIV prevalence were independently associated with higher odds ofcircuitpartyattendance(AOR1.32,95 %CI1.14–1.53)during international travel. Statistical interaction indicated circuit party attendees were likely to have traveled from low HIV prevalence (among MSM) countries to high HIV prevalence countries (AOR 1.40, 95 % CI 1.20–1.64). Other independent correlates included unprotected anal sex with a male casual sex partner and recreational drug use during travel. HIV and STI prevention focusing on circuit party attendees may have a pivotal role on the spread of the HIV epidemics among MSM in Asia.
Short sleep duration increases energy intakes but does not change energy expenditure in normal-weight individuals 1 – 3

Background: Evidence suggests a relation between short sleep duration and obesity. Objective: We assessed energy balance during periods of short and habitual sleep in normal-weight men and women. Design: Fifteen men and 15 women aged 30–49 y with a body mass index (in kg/m) of 22–26, who regularly slept 7–9 h/night, were recruited to participate in this crossover inpatient study. All participants were studied under short (4 h/night) and habitual (9 h/night) sleep conditions, in random order, for 5 nights each. Food intake was measured on day 5, and energy expenditure was measured with the doubly labeled water method over each period. Results: Participants consumed more energy on day 5 during short sleep (2813.6 6 593.0 kcal) than during habitual sleep (2517.7 6 593.0 kcal; P = 0.023). This effect was mostly due to increased consumption of fat (20.7 6 37.4 g; P = 0.01), notably saturated fat (8.76 20.4 g; P = 0.038), during short sleep. Resting metabolic rate (short sleep: 1455.4 6 129.0 kcal/d; habitual sleep: 1486.5 6 129.5 kcal/d; P = 0.136) and total energy expenditure (short sleep: 2589.26 526.5 kcal/d; habitual sleep: 2611.1 6 529.0 kcal/d; P = 0.832) did not differ significantly between sleep phases. Conclusions: Our data show that a reduction in sleep increases energy and fat intakes, which may explain the associations observed between sleep and obesity. If sustained, as observed, and not compensated by increased energy expenditure, the dietary intakes of individuals undergoing short sleep predispose to obesity. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00935402. Am J Clin
Nutrition and Cancer Low Dose-Carotene Supplementation of Ferrets Attenuates Smoke-Induced Lung Phosphorylation of JNK , p 38 MAPK , and p 53 Proteins 1

We demonstrated previously that smoke exposure and/or high-dose -carotene supplementation decreases levels of retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptor (RAR ) protein, but increase levels of c-Jun and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen protein in the lungs of ferrets. In contrast, low-dose -carotene can prevent the decreased lung retinoic acid and the smoke-induced lung lesions. In the present study, we investigated whether smoke exposure and/or -carotene supplementation could affect Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), and p53 in the lungs of ferrets. Ferrets were subjected to cigarette smoke exposure and either a high or low dose of -carotene (2 3 factorial design) for 6 mo. There were greater protein levels of phosphorylated JNK, p38, and c-Jun, but lower levels of MAPK phophatase-1 (MKP-1) in groups exposed to smoke and/or high dose -carotene. Both phosphorylated-p53 and total p53 were substantially increased in the lungs of these groups. In contrast, low-dose -carotene greatly attenuated the smoke-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38, c-Jun, p53, and total p53, accompanied by upregulated MKP-1. Smoke exposure increased MAPK kinase-4 (MKK4) phosphorylation regardless of -carotene supplementation. These data indicate that restoration of retinoic acid and MKP-1 by low-dose -carotene in the lungs of ferrets may prevent the smoke-induced activation of the JNK-dependent signaling pathway, p38 MAPK, and the associated phosphorylation of p53, thereby lowering the risk of the smoke-related lung lesions. These data provide supportive evidence that the beneficial vs. detrimental effects of -carotene supplementation are related to the dosage of -carotene administered. J. Nutr. 134: 2705–2710, 2004.
Characterization and Degradation of Hydroxyapatite Gypsum Puger ( HAGP ) Freeze Dried Scaffold as a Graft Material for Preservation of the Alveolar Bone Socket

Hydroxyapatite Gypsum Puger (HAGP) used as a graft material is usually produced in the form of a porous scaffold that could serve of tissue engineering so graft materials have to be fully degradable. Biodegradation is essential as it allows for the space to be formed into bone and also blood vessel tissue could grow. The aim of this study is to analyze the characterization and degradation of HAGP freeze dried scaffold as a graft material for preservation of alveolar bone sockets. The HAGP scaffold was made by mixing gelatin liquids using a sublimation/freeze dried system. Then, it was formed to a particle size of 150 to 355 μm. The structural properties and morphology of HAGP were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and then compared with gold standard from Hydroxyapatite Bovine (HAB). The release of calcium (Ca) was tested using an in vitro degradation test-the AAS test and phosphorus release (P) was examined using a UV/Vis Spectrophotometer at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28. The characterization of Freeze dried HAGP scaffold with XRD showed 100% of hydroxyapatite phase. The SEM photos showed many pores on the scaffold with an average size of 3 μm, therefore, the pattern was similar to the HAB scaffold (gold standard). The degradation process of the Freeze dried HAGP scaffold slowly occurs which could affect the proliferation and the activity of the cells, thus it enters and grows into the scaffold to fabricate bone tissue. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2018; 11(2): pp. 532-536)
DEPOCEN Working Paper Series No . 2009 / 17 Rural to Urban Migration as a Household Decision : Experimental Evidences from the Mekong Delta , Vietnam

The DEPOCEN WORKING PAPER SERIES disseminates research findings and promotes scholar exchanges in all branches of economic studies, with a special emphasis on Vietnam. The views and interpretations expressed in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views and policies of the DEPOCEN or its Management Board. The DEPOCEN does not guarantee the accuracy of findings, interpretations, and data associated with the paper, and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of their use. The author(s) remains the copyright owner.
Functional results after chest wall stabilization with a new screwless fi xation device

OBJECTIVES: This is the experience with the Stratos system in two surgical centres for the management of two types of rib fractures: flail chest and multiple dislocated rib fractures with significant chest wall deformity. METHODS: From January 2009 to May 2012, 94 consecutive patients were included. Selected indications were extended anterolateral flail chest (n = 68) and dislocated painful rib fractures (n = 26). The open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) system consists of flexible titanium rib clamps and connecting plates. The postoperative course was assessed. Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated at 6 months. Functional assessment consisted of measurement of the functional vital capacity (FVC) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination with determination of the radiological vital capacity (rVC) in patients with a flail chest. RESULTS: The median operation time and length of hospital stay were 122 min and 19 days, respectively, in patients with a flail chest, and 67 min and 11 days, respectively, in patients with dislocated painful rib fractures. The morbidity rate was 6.4% and the overall 30-day mortality rate was 1.1%. Clinical evaluation and pulmonary function testing at 6 months revealed no deformity of the chest wall, symmetrical shoulder girdle mobility in 88% and a feeling of stiffness on the operated side in 19% of the patients operated for a flail chest. Median ratio of FVC was 88%, not suggesting any restriction after stabilization. MRI was performed in 53% (36 of 68) of the patients with a flail chest. The analysis of the rVC showed, on average, no clinically relevant restriction related to the operation, with a mean rVC of the operated relative to the non-operated side of 92% (95% confidence interval: 83, 100). Stabilization of more than four ribs was associated with a lower median rVC than stabilization of four or less ribs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that stabilization of the chest wall with this screwless rib fixation device can be performed with a low morbidity and lead to early restoration of chest wall integrity and respiratory pump function, without clinically relevant functional restriction. Owing to the simplicity of the fixation technique, indications for stabilization can be safely enlarged to selected patients with dislocated and painful rib fractures.
Coenzyme Q 10 Alleviated Behavioral Dysfunction and Bioenergetic Function in an Animal Model of Depression

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a natural compound, is involved in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC) and plays an important pattern in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Amelioration of ATP is related to abnormalities in cognitive function and psychiatric diseases. Previous studies have shown that depression is accompanied by the induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways and amelioration of antioxidant status. In a recent study, we investigated the beneficial effects of CoQ10 on behavioral dysfunction and CoQ10 level in the rat brain. Therefore, intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 0.2 mg/mouse) was used in adult male mice to induce depression. The behavioral data revealed a significant difference between the depression and control groups regarding the forced swim test (FST) and splash test results at 24 h following STZ treatment. Also, the validated and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique showed decreased CoQ10 level in the brain samples of the STZ group, compared to the controls. Our findings revealed that behavioral abnormalities due to STZ target mitochondria and affect energy metabolism and hemostasis, resulting in the initiation of oxidative damage in the brain. Besides, 4-week administration of CoQ10 could reverse the depressive like behavior and bioenergetic effects of STZ in the treated groups.
Spatial Distribution of Root-Associated Microbial Communities

Effects of Agrosystem Management on Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities . 70 Effect of Organic Soil Amendment . 70 Inoculation with Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Biocontrol Agents . 70 Plant Genetic Manipulation Targeting Rhizosphere Associations . 71 Plant Genetic Manipulation: Rhizosphere Bacteria as Nontarget Organisms . 71
World Bank Document

The 1990s saw a revolution in the provision of infrastructure services as governments worldwide turned to the private sector for financing and management expertise. In developing countries in 1990–2001, nearly 2,500 infrastructure projects involved private participation, attracting investment commitments of US$750 billion. But the investment flows to such projects have fallen fairly steadily since 1997, dropping to less than half their peak by 2001. At the same time the cancellation and renegotiation of some private projects have grabbed the headlines in the world’s financial press. Renegotiations of private infrastructure projects have occurred in many countries, and particularly in some sectors and regions. One study estimates that as many as 74 percent of transport concessions and 55 percent of water concessions in Latin America were renegotiated in the 1990s.1 Some renegotiations are due to opportunistic behavior by the private investor or the government. But some long-term contracts are renegotiated in response to unforeseen or changing circumstances. Cancellation, where the private sector exits the project before the end of the contract or license term, has made In recent years the renegotiat ion and, even more, the cancel lat ion of pr ivate infrastructure projects in developing countr ies have made the headl ines in the wor ld’s f inancia l press . For a var iety of reasons the renegotiat ion of projects is not an unusual occurrence. But as this Note expla ins , only 48 private infrastructure projects in developing countr ies were canceled in 1990–2001, a smal l fract ion of the near ly 2,500 projects that reached f inancia l c losure over this per iod. Infrastructure Projects
Hypothesis Acupuncture : What Underlies Needle Administration ?

Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese therapy with its mode of action unclear and efficacy inconclusive. A lack of attention given to the role of psychosocial context presented in clinical provision of acupuncture may mainly account for the current dilemma in acupuncture research. This psychosocial context induces various cognitive and affective processes in the patient while receiving this treatment. On the basis of the analysis of these psychological factors involved in clinical provision of acupuncture and in light of prior studies on the placebo effect, the author hypothesizes that acupuncture works through potentiation and modulation of a highly organized and somatotopic network of endogenous opioids that links expectation, attention and body schema. This hypothesis, which focuses on the contextual factors involved in clinical provision of acupuncture, has immediate clinical and experimental implications and will take the acupuncture debate much further forward.
Chapter 8 Dendritic Spine Modifications in Brain Physiology

An essential feature for an organism to survive is to adapt and learn. Studies in the past decades have revealed that synaptic plasticity is a key cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory functions in the adult, and the refinement of neural connections during development. Memory and refinement of connections can last for a long period of time, and hence requires the corresponding structural changes to take place. Alterations in dendritic spine morphology (enlargement or shrinkage) and/or spine density (increase or decrease) have been shown to occur with synaptic modifications, and have been proposed to enable persistent, long-term modifications of synapses. In this chapter, we will review the basics of spine plasticity and its functional contributions to synaptic modification, with focus on modifications of spine morphology (enlargement and shrinkage).
of Self-Regulation Failure ' ' Because I Am Worth It ' ' : A Theoretical Framework and Empirical Review of a Justification-Based Account

Self-regulation failure is often explained as being overwhelmed by impulse. The present article proposes a novel pathway, presenting a theoretical framework and empirical review of a justification-based account of self-regulation failure. With justification we refer to making excuses for one’s discrepant behavior, so that when experiencing a self-regulation dilemma between immediate impulses and long-term intentions, people resolve the conflict by developing and employing justifications that allow violations of the goal they endorse. Accordingly, rather than inhibiting motivations from the impulsive system, the reflective system can also facilitate them, leading to self-regulation failure. We bring together empirical evidence from various domains demonstrating that justifications can instigate self-regulation failure and rule out alternative accounts. Having established that justification processes contribute to self-regulation failure, we then propose several mechanisms that may fuel the effect. Finally, routes for future research and the conceptual and practical implications of these novel insights for self-regulation are discussed.
FOR QUANTITATIVE SUBJECTS

The blended pedagogy adopted by OUM for its open and distance learning (ODL) comprises three components; self-managed learning, face-to-face interactions and online learning through myLMS. The nature of online learning requires high commitment from the learners, especially self-managed learning and collaborative online learning. Learning quantitative subjects such as financial mathematics in a conventional environment is very demanding and it is difficult to grasp by a majority of learners, what more learning such subject through online learning. Interactions between the academic staff or tutors with the learners and also amongst learners are important. Thus it is critical that quality and effective teaching and learning progression take place in online forum discussion for such subjects. A study is carried out to explore the effectiveness of OUM’s online forum discussion for the subject of Mathematics for Management (BBMP 1103). The effectiveness of the online forum discussion will be measured based on the community of inquiry model (Garrison, Anderson and Archer, 2000). The effectiveness of online forum participation will be evaluated using the three essential elements in online learning process – teaching presence, social presence and cognitive presence. The outcome of this study will be useful to facilitate effective and quality teaching and learning process for quantitative subjects via elearning.