Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Haematological Changes Caused by Coccidiosis in Experimentally Infected Broiler Chickens

Haematological alterations caused by coccidiosis in experimentally infected broiler chickens by Eimeria spp. The experimental animals (n=100) were randomly allocated into four equal groups, group one (G-I), group two (G-II), group three (G-III) and group four (G-IV) with 25 chickens in each group. The G-I, G-II, and G-III were treatments groups challenged by different Eimeria sporulated oocysts, while G-IV served as the control group. In this study, the infective dose of E. tenella (G-I), E. acervulina (G-II) and mixed Eimeria spp (G-III) was 2×104 sporulated Eimeria oocyst inoculated orally at three weeks of age in broiler chicken and subsequent alterations in different haematological constituents were evaluated at interval of 5, 7 and 9 day of post inoculation. Anaemia caused by Eimeria species was characterized by a decreased number of red blood cells and packed cell volume. Statistically highly significant decrease in the total erythrocyte count in all infected groups was recorded compared to control group. The mean value of total erythrocyte count of group one and group two recorded a highly significant decreased on 7 day of post infection. A highly significant increase in total leukocyte count in group one and group two Eimeria infected chickens. The statistical analysis of eosinophil and heterophils and lymphocyte showed highly significant increase in group one and group two in comparison to control group. The mean percentage of monocyte in group one, group two and group three revealed a highly significant increase on seven day of post infection.
Dynamic and cyclic static loading behavior of silty-sandy clay at small and moderate strains

The shear modulus (G) is one of the key parameters for seismic ground response analysis and it can be usually determined by means of dynamic tests (DT), such as resonant column test (RCT), or cyclic static test (CST), e.g. torsional shear (TST). The RC and TS tests are widely used laboratory methods to fi nd stiffness of soil at small to medium strain range (0.0001–0.5%). The purpose of this paper is to present the experimental results from RC and CS laboratory tests on silty-sandy clay from the western part of Warsaw, Poland. The study aims to compare the shear modulus values obtained from two different research techniques. The infl uence of, in particular, the applied effective pressure, associated shear strain and experimental method (i.e. loading frequency and output amplitude) on the shear modulus at small strains (Gmax) and secant shear modulus (G) are investigated and proved. Generally, the results reveal that the examined soils stiffness calculated from TS tests is lower than from RC tests.
High school Class-size and College Performance in Science

This paper focuses on the influence of high school science class size on students' achievement in introductory college science courses and on the variation of teacher practice across class size. Surveys collected information about high school science class experiences from 2754 biology, 3521 chemistry, and 1903 physics students across 36 public and 19 private institutions from 31 different states. The first analysis includes a cross-tabulation of 6 different class sizes and the frequencies of teacher practices reported by students. The second analysis includes a multiple linear regression of class size and student achievement. Results show no differences for pedagogy and student achievement until class sizes fall to 10 or fewer students. These findings suggest that incremental reductions in class size are likely not to have a significant impact on later student achievement.
Financial Development and Economic Growth: Static and Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

The relationship between financial development and economic growth has received a lot of attention in the economic literature in recent years. This study aims to revisit different econometric approaches used in panel data in relation of financial sector development and growth. In what follows, we extend our previous study by employing updated data and also exploring more questions related to the empirical link between financial development and growth. More specifically, we will investigate the issues relevant to static and dynamic panel data effect. We investigate the role of financial development (as measured by the credits to the private sector to GDP) in enhancing growth for different groups of countries. Estimations are conducted with a panel data of 70 countries over the period 1970-2009 using both LS (fixed effect) and GMM-Difference and GMM-System estimators for dynamic panel data. While the finding of a positive correlation between indicators of financial development and economic growth cannot settle this debate, advances in computational capacity and availability of large cross-country data sets with relatively large time dimensions have enabled researchers to rigorously explore the relationship between financial development and economic growth. Empirical results reinforce the idea that financial development promotes economic growth in all econometric approaches used in this paper.
Use of Secondary Slags in Completely Recyclable Concrete

A completely recyclable concrete (CRC) is designed to have a chemical composition equivalent to the one of general raw materials for cement production. By doing so, this CRC can be used at the end of its service life in the cement clinkering process without need for ingredient adjustments, and with improvement of the resource efficiency of cement and concrete production. Copper slag is interesting as an iron source for the production of such a CRC and can be added to concrete, either as alternative binder or as aggregate. By isothermal calorimetry and compressive strength tests it was found that the addition of copper slag as cement replacement is of minor interest. But a study toward the compressive strength and durability of concrete with copper slag as aggregate replacement had promising results. The performance of these concretes was comparable with or even better than the reference concrete, regarding strength and most durability aspects such as porosity and permeability, and resistance against carbonation and chloride ingress. Only the resistance to freeze-thaw attack with deicing agents was inferior.
Evidence for Basement Reactivation during the Opening of the Labrador Sea from the Makkovik Province, Labrador, Canada: Insights from Field Data and Numerical Models

The onshore exposures adjacent to modern, offshore passive continental margins may preserve evidence of deformation from the pre-, syn-, and post-rift phases of continental breakup that allow us to investigate the processes associated with and controlling rifting and breakup. Here, we characterize onshore brittle deformation and pre-rift basement metamorphic mineral fabric from onshore Labrador in Eastern Canada in the Palaeoproterozoic Aillik Domain of the Makkovik Province. Stress inversion (1) was applied to these data and then compared to (2) numerical models of hybrid slip and dilation tendency, (3) independent calculations of the regional geopotential stress field, and (4) analyses of palaeo-stress in proximal regions from previous work. The stress inversion shows well-constrained extensional deformation perpendicular to the passive margin, likely related to pre-breakup rifting in the proto-Labrador Sea. Hybrid slip and dilatation analysis indicates that inherited basement structures were likely oriented in a favorable orientation to be reactivated during rifting. Reconstructed geopotential stresses illuminate changes of the ambient stress field over time and confirm the present paleo-stress estimates. The new results and numerical models provide a consistent picture of the late Mesozoic-Cenozoic lithospheric stress field evolution in the Labrador Sea region. The proto-Labrador Sea region was characterized by a persistent E–W (coast-perpendicular) extensional stress regime, which we interpret as the pre-breakup continental rifting that finally led to continental breakup. Later, the ridge push of the Labrador Sea spreading ridge maintained this general direction of extension. We see indications for anti-clockwise rotation of the direction of extension along some of the passive margins. However, extreme persistent N–S-oriented extension as indicated by studies further north in West Greenland cannot be confirmed.
Jointly Testing Linearity and Nonstationarity within Threshold Autoregressions

We develop a test of the joint null hypothesis of linearity and nonstationarity within a threshold autoregressive process of order one with deterministic components. We derive the limiting distribution of a Wald type test statistic and subsequently investigate its local power and nite sample properties. We view our test as a useful diagnostic tool since a non rejection of our null hypothesis would remove the need to explore nonlinearities any further and support a linear autoregression with a unit root.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL DUST MAPPING REVEALS THAT ORION FORMS PART OF A LARGE RING OF DUST

The Orion Molecular Complex is the nearest site of ongoing high-mass star formation, making it one of the most extensively studied molecular complexes in the Galaxy. We have developed a new technique for mapping the three-dimensional distribution of dust in the Galaxy using Pan-STARRS1 photometry. We isolate the dust at the distance to Orion using this technique, revealing a large (100 pc, 14° diameter), previously unrecognized ring of dust, which we term the “Orion dust ring. ” The ring includes Orion A and B, and is not coincident with current Hα features. The circular morphology suggests formation as an ancient bubble in the interstellar medium, though we have not been able to conclusively identify the source of the bubble. This hint at the history of Orion may have important consequences for models of high-mass star formation and triggered star formation.
On the Geometry of the Latent Space of Deep Generative Models

In this paper, we identify a geometric property of the latent space of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We call this property the class radius and show that the class radius can be upper-bounded by various diversity measures of the samples from the generator. Therefore, a method to compute the class radius results in a one-sided test to determine the diversity of the generative model.
Response of wheat to foliar and soil application of urea at different growth stages.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of urea applied in different concentrations and at different stages on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cv. “Kiran-95” under agro-climatic condition of Sindh. The experiment was laid out according to randomized complete block design having two factors with four repeats. Six concentrations of urea i.e., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% as foliar application along with 60 and 120 kg N ha -1 were applied as soil application. The results revealed that foliar application of urea significantly increased plant height, spike length, number of grains spike -1 , hundred grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and N uptake by the crop. The foliar spray of 4% urea solution was found to be most effective for enhancing the quantitative and qualitative traits when sprayed at tillering, stem elongation and boot stage. The grain yield was increased by 32% when 4% urea solution was applied as foliar spray. Further increase in the concentrations of urea spray was not found to be useful and economical as it declined the grain yield by 25% or even more probably due to its toxicity.
Awareness Regarding Anaesthesiology and Anaesthesiologists among General Population in Developing Country- A Cross Sectional Survey -

Anaesthesiology is one of the youngest branches of medical science that has made immense development. During last 30 years, role of anaesthesiologist has extended not only inside but also outside traditional operating room settings. Anaesthesiologist plays a very critical role in intensive critical care units, trauma centres, and pain clinics and as a member of resuscitation team all over the world.1 Since last decade there is tremendous health care awareness, mainly in developed countries. In India also people have begun having awareness since CPA (consumer protection Act 1986) has come into existence. But still they have hardly any knowledge of the structure of medical services and practices specially relating to operating room services and anaesthetic management2. The knowledge of the role of anaesthesiologist and the Anaesthesia speciality among the public is limited.2
Serum Interleukin Profile in Patients with Graves Orbithopathy

Abstract Background: Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is considered an autoimmune condition in close relationship with Graves’ disease (GD) affecting the thyroid. Several similarities exist between the two conditions, sharing the common antigen and the characteristics of the inflammation mediated by a number of cytokines. The result of the immune reactions will lead to the expansion of adipose tissue, production of glycosaminoglycans and soft tissue inflammation. Material and methods: In our study we examined the serum level of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in correlation with the activity of disease and smoking habits in 25 patients with GD and GO. Results: We found that smokers had higher serum IL-6 and lower serum MCP-1, IL-8 and TNF-α level compared to non-smokers. Also, we found a weak positive correlation between serum IL-10, IFN-γ and disease activity (clinical activity score, CAS) and negative correlation between serum IL-1 and activity. Conclusion: Our findings support the fact that some cytokines (IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1) play a role in active disease, while others are influenced by environmental factors, such as smoking (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α). The discrepancy of cytokine profiles may reflect different patient characteristics, such as disease stage and disease activity and determination of serum cytokines would be useful in selecting patients who need more aggressive treatment protocols.
Electrodeposition of Two-Dimensional Pt Nanostructures on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG): The Effect of Evolved Hydrogen and Chloride Ions

We discuss the electrodeposition of two-dimensional (2D) Pt-nanostructures on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) achieved under constant applied potential versus a Pt counter electrode (Eappl = ca. −2.2 V vs. NHE, normal hydrogen electrode). The deposition conditions are discussed in terms of the electrochemical behavior of the electrodeposition precursor (H2PtCl6). We performed cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the electrochemical Pt deposit on HOPG and on Pt substrates to study the relevant phenomena that affect the morphology of Pt deposition. Under conditions where the Pt deposition occurs and H2 evolution is occurring at the diffusion-limited rate (−0.3 V vs. NHE), Pt forms larger structures on the surface of HOPG, and the electrodeposition of Pt is not limited by diffusion. This indicates the need for large overpotentials to direct the 2D growth of Pt. Investigation of the possible effect of Cl− showed that Cl− deposits on the surface of Pt at low overpotentials, but strips from the surface at potentials more positive than the electrodeposition potential. The CV of Pt on HOPG is a strong function of the nature of the surface. We propose that during immersion of HOPG in the electrodeposition solution (3 mM H2PtCl6, 0.5 M NaCl, pH 2.3) Pt islands are formed spontaneously, and these islands drive the growth of the 2D nanostructures. The reducing agents for the spontaneous deposition of Pt from solution are proposed as step edges that get oxidized in the solution. We discuss the possible oxidation reactions for the edge sites.
Assessment of Kidney Function Indices in Male Albino Wistar Rats Administered Ethanol Stem Extract of Dennettia tripetala (Pepper fruit)

This study was carried out to assess some kidney function indices in Wistar rats administered ethanol stem extract of Denettia tripetala. The parameters assessed were creatinine, urea, and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate). Thirty-two albino Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of eight rats each were used in this study. Group 1 was the control group, group II received an oral dose of 100 mg/kg, ethanol stem extract of Denettia tripetala daily, group III received an oral dose of 200 mg/kg ethanol stem extract of Dennettia tripetala daily while group IV received an oral dose of 300 mg/kg ethanol stem extract of Dennettia tripetala daily. After 21 days of treatment the rats were sacrificed and standard analytical methods were used to assay the biochemical parameters. The result of creatinine (mol/L) showed a significant (P 0.05) compared to the control. However, bicarbonate (mmol/L) showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in group II and group III compared to the control. The result of this study has shown that administration of ethanol stem extract of Dennettia tripetala may induce toxicity to the kidney which may hamper renal function.
Water renewals in the Saguenay Fjord

Water renewals and renewal times of the Saguenay Fjord are investigated and classified according to their intrusion depth. Renewal dynamics are controlled by a shallow sill ( 20 m) at the fjord mouth, by large tides that are a distinguishing feature of the Saguenay Fjord and by large vertical mixing inside the inner basin (K 1024 m2 s21). A mooring was deployed in the inner basin of the fjord to provide a clearer quantitative understanding of the complexity and seasonality of water renewals in this seasonally ice-covered fjord. The mooring provided information on currents over nearly the entire water column, along with temperature-salinity at a few discrete depths. Hydrographic temperature and salinity transects spanning multiple seasons and years as well as turbulence profiles were also collected. The observations show that the fjord dynamics are more complex than previously hypothesized, with large changes in renewal event depths leading to three different renewal regimes. Part of this renewal depth variability may be explained by the seasonality of the St. Lawrence estuarine circulation. Because of the large turbulence within the inner basin bottom layer, the density decreases over time such that new deep renewals can occur every year. The mechanisms behind the large vertical mixing cannot yet be clearly identified but a statistically significant correlation (K / N21:3) suggests that internal wave breaking may be a significant contributor to deep turbulence mixing in the inner basin. The renewal time of the inner basin waters is estimated to be between 1 and 6 months.
Measurement of Carotenoids and Their Role in Lipid Oxidation and Cancer

Carotenoids are colourful compounds, present in fruits and vegetables, synthesised by plants and micro-organisms. About 10% of these are important dietary precursors of vitamin A. Carotenoids act as antioxidants and possibly decrease in-vivo lipid oxidation. Lipid oxidation is known to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Carotenoids are thought to be responsible for the beneficial properties of fruits and vegetables in preventing human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In recent years, the antioxidant properties of carotenoids have become a major focus of research. The aim of this thesis was to develop a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determination of carotenoids from blood plasma and to study the role of carotenoids in lipid oxidation and cancer. We developed and validated an HPLC method for analysis of carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, -cryptoxanthin, lycopene, -carotene and -carotene) that appears to be simple, quick and repeatable. Serum concentrations of carotenoids, except for lycopene, tended to increase in men and women as they became older, indicating an increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables from the late 1980s to the beginning of the 2000s. The decrease in lycopene concentrations found in both sexes during follow-up years suggests that elderly people may not consume as many tomatoes and tomato products as do young people. We investigated the effects of astaxanthin supplementation (8 mg/d) on lipid oxidation in healthy men and its safety as a supplement. When supplemented as capsules, astaxanthin was efficiently absorbed from the intestine into the blood circulation and was well tolerated. An almost significant decrease was found in 15-hydroxy fatty acid concentration after astaxanthin supplementation for three months. The serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) content of conjugated dienes is an in vivo lipid oxidation marker. We observed that in addition to gender, lycopene, lutein and -carotene were the most powerful determinants for serum LDL conjugated dienes in Eastern Finnish men and women. A diet rich in vegetables and carotenoids can decrease in vivo LDL oxidation and thus slow down atherogenesis. We also studied the association between the serum concentration of lycopene and the risk of cancer. Men with serum lycopene concentrations higher than 0.19 μmol/l had a 45% lower risk for total cancer than did men with lycopene under 0.08 mol/l. However, lycopene was not associated with prostate cancer in this population. In conclusion, serum/plasma carotenoids may decrease lipid oxidation in vivo. In addition, high serum concentrations of lycopene may decrease the risk of cancer in middle-aged Finnish men. National Library of Medicine Classification: QV 325, QU 110, QU 85, QZ 200 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): Antioxidants; Carotenoids/blood; Cholesterol; chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Lipoproteins, LDL; Lipids/blood; Lipid Peroxidation; Neoplasms
Investigating Reciprocal Motivation in Experimental Labor Markets with Cumulated Job Tenure and Unemployment Pool

This paper proposes an experimental design that replicates and extends the main idea in Charness (1998). In addition to the original setup, we consider the unemployment alternative and the possibility of consecutive contract renewal implying eventual accumulation of job seniority. The random learning framework of Jovanovic (1979) is used as benchmark theoretical model. We expect to be able to compare individual reciprocal motivation in this framework p where workers are strategically interested in longer work relationships, to existing literature on mutual reciprocity concerns in wage-setting schemes. This project offers at the same time an opportunity to test Jovanovic’s (1979) predictions in terms of tenure distribution and separation rates. Some further ideas to the initial design scheme are put forward in the last section, e.g. job specific training costs to be incurred by the firms; public knowledge of the size of the unemployment. * Tinbergen Institute and Erasmus University Rotterdam, contact: Roetersstraat 31, 1018 WB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; phone: 0031 20 551 3561; fax: 0031 20 551 3555; email: buhai@tinbergen.nl
ALGORITHMIC RANDOMNESS, MARTINGALES AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

In this paper, a number of almost-everywhere convergence theorems are looked at using computable analysis and algorithmic randomness. These include various martingale convergence theorems and almost-everywhere differentiability theorems. General conditions are given for when the rate of convergence is computable and for when convergence takes place on the Schnorr random points. Examples are provided to show that these almosteverywhere convergence theorems characterize Schnorr randomness.