Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Watching English Movie Helps Me!”: Language Exposure and Metacognitive Awareness on TOEFL

This research was conducted to investigate the correlation between metacognitive and language exposure to TOEFL of reading section. The framework of metacognitive was promoted by Veenman et al. and the model of language exposure was promoted by Magno et al. (2009). This research implemented a descriptive qualitative study. The questionnaire and rubric of metacognitive were applied as research instruments respectively. Furthermore, ten freshmen at Syiah Kuala University from various majors considered as strategic readers whose TOEFL score ranges of 400 above. It is prominently revealed that language exposures have a contribution for strategic readers in answering TOEFL in the reading section, in particular, media exposure. The respondents have a tendency to seek out the media availability as the major side on mastering reading TOEFL meanwhile language exposure at home is the lowest impact on students. In addition, metacognitive awareness has an impact on students’ performance in answering reading test of TOEFL the metacognition implementation, the students are eventually categorized on knowledge regulation in which the students relate the knowledge of TOEFL into planning, implementing strategies or information management, monitoring, correcting/debugging, and evaluating comprehension. It is assumed that this study has weakness on informants taken therefore as further studies, the researcher trigger to probe students of 500 TOEFL score above to investigate their learning strategy and language exposures accordingly.
Original Contribution SOCIALIZATION OF PUPPIES - A MARKER OF THEIR FUTURE BEHAVIOUR

An investigation on the relationship between temperament and socialization upon the development of the behaviour of the dog was carried out. The test of Queinnek was applied on 10 puppies from the Dobermann and German Shepherd breeds. The temperament type of each puppy was determined with reagrd to characterize its future behaviour and the adequate relationships between dog and men. It is shown that socialization in puppies with temperament types L and F occurred easier and rapidly, thus presuming a problemless education and behaviour subordinated to human goals.
INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN BOARD AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE STOCK EXCHANGE OF TUNISIA

Recent empirical researches show a positive relationship between the quality of governance and firm performance. The objective of this research is to study the reverse causality between different characteristics of board and performance. Instead looking at one simple mechanism separately, we use a system of simultaneous equations in order to detect a possible endogeneity. In a panel of 36 traded firms at Tunis Stock Exchange between 2004 and 2006, our results show a significant interdependence between board size, board independence and firm performance. In addition, the 3SLS estimator allows us to conclude that board influences performance. Also, our results show that firms change their board structure in response to firm performance.
Increasing innovativeness of SMEs in peripheral areas through international networks? The case of Southern Italy

Strengthening innovation capacity of European small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by means of their participation in the Sixth (FP6-SME) and Seventh (FP7-SME) Framework Programmes was an important objective of the European Union policies. Since SMEs form the backbone of the Italian economy, their strong presence in an international network such as the one fostered by the European Union represent a great opportunity, particularly for firms located in southern Italy – the marginal macro-area of the country in terms of innovation – to increase their competitiveness. Based on the major literature on topics such as knowledge exchange, innovation networks and disparities, and on descriptive statistics and a cluster analysis in a dynamic perspective, our study aimed to assess the actual intra-regional, extra-regional and transnational links established by the Italian SMEs and public research establishments (PREs). In a next step we aim at assessing if knowledge flows fostered by the FP6-SME and FP7-SME were mainly concentrated in the traditionally winning macro-regional areas (North and Centre) or led to more widespread benefits in favour of SMEs located in the marginal South. The findings of our study revealed a very limited number of connections - with a related weak knowledge exchange - involving the southern regions, implying a reinforcement of innovation activities in the traditionally most dynamic industrial areas of the country.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA INFECTION IN POULTRY IN GAZIPUR DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH

The present study was undertaken to determine the present status of fowl cholera (FC) infection of poultry in Gazipur district during September 2016 to February 2017. A total of 282 either dead or sick birds (Layer and Sonali) were taken as sample in which the sick birds were subjected to record clinical data and consequently the dead birds were for post mortem examination. Hence, overall 12.41% prevalence was found for FC and about 87.59% was for mixed other diseases. All the birds were grouped into six named as A1, A2 and up to A6 accordingly their age. The highest incidence (29.79 %) was found in A1 (8-20weeks) group and the lowest was 4.26% in A5 (51-60 weeks) group. Furthermore, six FC infected farms were categorized to treat with six specific antibiotics individually. Thereafter, the highest recovery rate (89.6% and 87.5%) was recorded in two farms using Enrofloxacin and Gentamicin particularly. The lowest recovery rate (60%) was in Erythromycin treatment group. However, the layer birds of six farms lost their body weight almost 11.84%, specifically the highest percentages (16.49%) was in treated with Ampicillin and lowest percentages (5.79%) found in a farm treated with Gentamicin. In brief, FC commonly appears just near to laying age and therapeutic management trivially decreases the body weight that ultimately shoots up the production cost.
ISOKINETIC PEAK TORQUE AT THE SHOULDER JOINT IN YOUNG VOLLEYBALL ATHLETES WITH AND WITHOUT INJURY HISTORY

Joint shoulder injuries are quite common in volleyball athletes. Studies suggest that muscle imbalance between the internal and external rotator muscles of the shoulder may be related to such lesions. The objective of this study was to compare the concentric torque peaks (PT) of external and internal rotators of the shoulder in volleyball players with (HL) and without history of injuries in joint shoulder (SH). Participated of present study 21 male volleyball players (age: 17.2 ± 1.96 years, height: 183.6 ± 6.63 cm, weight: 75.1 ± 11.50 kg, fat: 13.4 ± 2, 77%) divided into 2 groups: HL (n = 8); SH (n = 13). Two series of 5 maximal concentric repetitions of internal (RI) and external rotation (RE) of the shoulder were performed at speeds of 60 and 180 °·s for later calculation of the conventional ratio PT concentric for RE at both velocities evaluated (60 and 180 °·s) were significantly higher for the HL group. PT concentric in RI was higher compared to RE in both groups. Only the conventional rate at 60°·s was significantly higher for HL players. It is concluded that athletes with a history of shoulder injury present muscular imbalance, and this factor can be considered an aspect that has led to the appearance of the injury event.
P2.0.8 Preparation and Characterization of CO Sensors based on Pd modified YCoO3 Perovskite

In this paper the authors present the characterization of CO resistive sensors based on Pd modified YCoO3 perovskite, mainly addressed to its cross$sensitivities to different gases. In particular, sensors based on YCo0.95Pd0. 05O3 and on YCo0.90Pd0. 10O3 in addition to those based on 1% Pd supported on YCoO3 were tested; this materials showed a good performance at relatively low temperatures in terms of both CO sensitivity and response speed. The proposed sensors were tested with mixtures of CH4, NO2, and NO as interfering gases. Promising results were obtained in the temperature range 150°C – 200 °C, where the sensitivity towards CH4 results very low, whereas the response to NO2 and to NO is not negligible, but it is of the opposite sign with respect to the one towards CO. These results indicate that the proposed perovskitic materials are suitable candidates for low power CO sensor development.
Stabilization of Marginal Soils Using Recycled Materials

Loose sand, soft clays, and organic deposits are often unsuitable for use in construction due to their less-than-desirable engineering properties. Traditional methods of stabilizing these soils through in-situ ground improvement or replacement techniques are costly. Recycled materials such as scrap tires, plastics, ash, slag, and construction debris provide a viable alternative both for their relatively lower cost and desirable engineering properties. Furthermore, use of recycled materials prevents their disposal into landfills, which are approaching capacity in Florida and across the nation. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of various recycled materials that can be used to stabilize marginal soils in Florida. Particular attention is given to material availability and environmental properties in addition to engineering properties. A methodology is proposed to guide Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) personnel in evaluating, testing, and approving any new material for use as a highway construction material.
Wage Profiles and Income Inequality among Identical Workers: A Simple Formalization

This paper explores the implications of the possible bankruptcies of firms for their own wage schemes and the structure of the labor market using a two-period general equilibrium model. The bankruptcy risk flattens the wage profile of each firm, weakening its incentive effect and thereby making room for the efficiency wage to be used as a supplementary incentive device. This, in turn, stratifies the labor market into the primary market, in which job rationing is observed, and the secondary market, in which job rationing is not observed. A substantial utility differential emerges between those who have found a job in the primary market and those who have not, even though there is no difference in their innate abilities. This differential widens as bankruptcies become more likely. Moreover, the dual structure of the labor market renders the employment size in the primary market too small to attain a social optimum.
Prognostic Urban-scale Air Pollution Modelling in Australia and New Zealand - a Review

This paper reviews research conducted in the past two decades in urban-scale air quality modelling in Australia and New Zealand, with emphasis on prognostic models. With advances in computer technology - especially desktop computers - air pollution dispersion modelling is now a feasible undertaking not only for wellfunded research institutions, but also for air quality consultants. It has been suggested that as prognostic models become more user friendly they will eventually replace Gaussian dispersion models as a tool for urban air quality impact assessment. However, for now, Gaussian models are still widely used. Prognostic dispersion models have been applied to a number of Australian and New Zealand urban regions with relative success. In Australia, the major focus has been in simulating photochemical smog episodes. In contrast, New Zealand studies have mostly dealt with nocturnal dispersion of particulate matter during stagnant weather conditions.
Molecular characterization of ancient olive genotypes from Hatay Province in Turkey

Turkey's average share of world olive production is between 7% and 10% and the country is the fourth biggest table olive and olive oil producer in the world. More than fifty olive cultivars have been commercialized in Turkey and there are numerous olive genotypes in different olive-growing regions in Turkey that differ from each other in terms of leaf, flower, and fruit characteristics. The aim of the present study was to identify the 40 most widely grown olive genotypes in Hatay Province in Turkey using microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Ten SSR loci were selected and used to identify olive genotypes/cultivars. The number of alleles per locus was found to be between 4 (UDO4 and DCA13) and 16 (DCA9), indicating high polymorphism among olive germplasms. We did not determine identical cultivars in SSR analysis. Samandag2 and Dortyol7 (0.85), Samandag7 and Saurani (0.75), Payas kalesi and Sari ulak (0.75), and Yayladag4 and Samandag3 (0.70) genotype pairs showed higher similarity while Yayladag1 and Samandag8 (0.15), Reyhanli1 and Yayladag6 (0.15), and Samandag8 and Hassa5 (0.15) were found to be the most genetically divergent genotypes.
SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHER CANDIDATES’ SENSITIVITY AND AWARENESS LEVELS IN NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION

As environment education gains importance in a changing and developing world, studies about this subject has been increasing every day. Nature and environment education is one of the most important subjects being studied. Environmental education applications are insufficient in the education faculties of our country’s universities. For nature and environmental education to reach its goals new approaches should be included in the curriculum. Many different teaching techniques, including using field trips, can be used and new techniques can be developed. For this study, a field trip in which social studies teacher candidates had practical nature and environmental education was organized with 33 (20 female, 13 male) second-year teacher candidates studying Social Studies Education in Nigde University’s Faculty of Education. During the field trip, the researcher also used speaking circle technique with the candidates. The purpose of the field trip is to determine the candidates’ awareness level about environmental pollution. First, candidates’ views on pollution factor on Cakit River and its effects were taken. Later, students got detailed on-site information about recycling by visiting plastic waste recycling, paper waste recycling and water waste recycling facilities. In this study, experimental design, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. No control group pre-test post-test method was used. Five open-ended questions were developed for the study. It was aimed to raise teacher candidates’ awareness by teaching them behaviors, skills and values that they can pass on to the future generations.
Effect of different levels of salt stress and salicylic acid on morphological characteristics of four mass native basils (Ocimum basilcum).

In this study, four cultivars of basil (Ocimum basilcum) in four salinity stress levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and tow salicylic acid levels (0 and 0.5 mM) evaluated in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) base factorial design with three replicates in pots. Results showed significant differences within salinity treatments in all 4 cultivars studied. Highest values measured for traits in cultivars were observed in Shandabad Tabriz and Isfahan cultivars. Also lowest values measured for plant height, fresh and dry weight of stem, stem diameter and internod length were observed in Isfahan cultivar. But salinity effect on these cultivars increased along with severity, linearly. Leaf area was most affected and decreased to 239.16 cm 2 (150 mM) from 784.15 cm 2 in 50 mM. Salicylic acid was positively affected all traits except internodes length and root fresh weight/shoot fresh weight. Generally Sabzevar and Shiraz cultivars showed sensitivity to salinity stress, especially in higher levels. This study should help understand some morphological responses of four native cultivars of Ocimum basilcum to salinity stress in Iran.
Developing linguistic and cultural perspectives of English as a foreign language through email discussion

This study investigated the role of email discussion in developing both linguistic and cultural perspectives of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Iran. English has been taught through grammatical instruction which, while allows linguistic development, overlooks its cultural aspects in Iranian settings. Cultural values and rules in English textbooks are not modified due to the instrumental uses of L2 in high schools and academic contexts. This research hypothesized that using email discussion may compensate for such shortcomings and strengthen the level of L2 cultural awareness as well as their writing competency. The subjects comprised of 418 EFL teachers and learners dealing with EFL in Iranian universities. Research instruments were pre-test and post-test cultural-oriented essays developed by the researcher. The treatment period was conducted in the fall semester of 2007. Data were statistically analyzed through SPSS 11.5, and the results showed that there was a significant difference in both English cultural awareness and written output between those subjects who used email discussion and those who did not. The experimental group who used email discussion outperformed the control group who did not use it as a teaching aid in writing culturaloriented essays (p<.05). The EFL instructors also believed that email discussion could enhance the EFL learners’ cultural awareness and improve their writing of cultural-oriented essays (p<.05). In other words, email discussion and information exchanges can play a facilitative role in teaching and learning L2 language and culture.
Vegetation class dependent errors in lidar ground elevation and canopy height estimates in a boreal wetland environment

An airborne scanning light detection and ranging (lidar) survey using a discrete pulse return airborne laser terrain mapper (ALTM) was conducted over the Utikuma boreal wetland area of northern Alberta in August 2002. These data were analysed to quantify vegetation class dependent errors in lidar ground surface elevation and vegetation canopy surface height. The sensitivity of lidar-derived land-cover frictional parameters to these height errors was also investigated. Aquatic vegetation was associated with the largest error in lidar ground surface definition (+0.15 m, SD = 0.22, probability of no difference in height P < 0.01), likely a result of saturated ground conditions. The largest absolute errors in lidar canopy surface height were associated with tall vegetation classes; however, the largest relative errors were associated with low shrub (63%, –0.52 m, P < 0.01) and aquatic vegetation (54%, –0.24 m, P < 0.01) classes. The openness and orientation of vegetation foliage (i.e., minimal projection of horizontal area) were thought to enhance laser pulse canopy surface penetration in these two classes. Raster canopy height models (CHMs) underestimated field heights by between 3% (aspens and black spruce) and 64% (aquatic vegetation). Lidar canopy surface height errors led to hydraulic Darcy–Weisbach friction factor underestimates of 10%–49% for short (<2 m) vegetation classes and overestimates of 12%–41% for taller vegetation classes.
An Examination Of The Effects And Costs Of Temporary Policy

This paper examines the implications of the two basic components of Calvoi¯s model (1987) for the effects and costs of temporary trade liberalization policy. First, by adopting a tax loss parameter in the basic model, the situation of incomplete tax compensation associated with temporary policy is analyzed as a more general case. This analysis includes the cases in which deadweight loss or government consumption exists. Using this model, it is seen that Calvoi¯s results can hold in a more general situation, but only with some restrictions on the parameter values. Second, the implication of the infinite planning horizon of the consumer in temporary policy experiment is investigated by analyzing an extreme case of a finite horizon economy. By studying an overlapping generations economy with the same kind of temporary policy, it is seen that the length of the planning horizon of the consumer matters critically in evaluating the effects and costs of temporary liberalization policy.
Mathematical Estimation of Production Performance of Fish Population

Fish population dynamics demonstrates the quantitative changes in the number of individuals in which a given fish population grows and shrinks over time as controlled by some specific factors, and is generally used in the fisheries science in order to determine sustainable yields. The aim of this article is to present and analyze a generic mathematical formula of a single-region size structured model which is useful for the fish production estimation. With the intention to estimate the final fish size, the von Bertalanffy’s growth equation is modified and utilized based on the initial size of the fish species. For fish population calculation, initial size, birth, growth, mortality rates and the arbitrary constant of modified von Bertalanffy’s growth equation are considered as input variables. The number of total fish population and the fish size at different time spans are calculated. The results coming from the mathematical calculation are compared to the experimental results of freshwater mud eel fish production. Comparing to these values, it reveals that there is no significant difference between the result obtained by implementing the proposed mathematical model and the experimental outcomes obtained. Finally, it is expected that the modified model can be used for the practical applications of fish production.
Micro-geographies of creative industries clusters in Europe: From hot spots to assemblages

The aim of this paper is to provide basic stylized facts about the spatial patterns of location and co-location of clusters of creative industries in Europe. The research proposes a novel methodology for detailing the spatial delimitation of clusters, based on a geo-statistical algorithm and firm-based micro-data. The procedure is applied to a continuous space of 16 European countries and 15 creative industries in 2009. The investigation reveals that creative firms are highly clustered, and that clusters are concentrated in a ‘creative belt’ stretching from the South of England to the South-east of Germany. These clusters are predominantly metropolitan, heterogeneous, cross borders, and may co-locate to form assemblages.
Lexical vs. Syntactic Competence in L2 English

This article examines the relationship between lexical and syntactic competences of fairly advanced learners of English. The data consisted of written tasks where the subjects were asked to translate a text written in their L1 Finnish into their L2 English. The subjects were participants in an entrance examination, seeking admittance to study English Philology at the university. The results confirmed the findings of an earlier study (Pietila, 2009), where the best candidates were found to manifest almost faultless syntax but produced a considerable number of lexical errors. In the present study, the performance of the 50 most successful candidates in the translation task was further compared with the performance of those 50 candidates who got the lowest grades in this task. The least proficient applicants also produced more lexical than syntactic errors, but the difference was smaller than in the case of the top candidates. In other words, the least proficient candidates had considerable problems with some syntactic features as well. The results seem to imply that lexical and syntactic competence do not develop in parallel. What is more, advanced learners tend to lack precision in their vocabulary.