Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Share types and earnings management: evidence from Chinese listed companies

This study contributes to the literature on the ownership structure by investigating the effect of special share types on the practice of earnings management in China. Equity ownership in listed Chinese companies have five different types: state-owned shares, legal person shares, employee shares, A-shares, and B& H-shares, which is a phenomenon unique to the Chinese equity market. Empirical analysis shows that different share types and mixed ownership structure significantly affect the company’s earnings management. Using a sample of 544 listed Chinese company-years, this study finds that the state-owned shares and legal person shares are positively associated with earnings management. However, the proportion of B& H-shares is not related to earnings management. In addition, empirical results of this study also show evidence in support of a positive relationship between the proportion of A-shares and earnings management. Since that the empirical findings indicate that state-owned shares and legal person shares cannot mitigate earnings management, transferral of more those type of shares to public, therefore, may mitigate earnings management. However, because currently, in China, shares are still largely owned by the state or legal persons, the magnitude of earnings managements is still maintained in a relative high level. In addition, public A-shares show a positive relation with earnings management which indicates that China’s ownership structure reform may not be as effective as China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) expected. Further structure reform is required in achieving a better corporate governance practice.
Cooperative Autonomous Search, Grasping and Delivering in a Treasure Hunt Scenario by a Team of UAVs

This paper addresses the problem of autonomous cooperative localization, grasping and delivering of colored ferrous objects by a team of UAVs. In the proposed scenario, a team of UAVs is required to maximize the reward by collecting colored objects and delivering them to a predefined location. This task consists of several sub-tasks such as cooperative coverage path planning, object detection and state estimation, UAV self-localization, precise motion control, trajectory tracking, aerial grasping and dropping, and decentralized team coordination. The failure recovery and synchronization jobs manager is used to integrate all the presented sub-tasks together and also to decrease the vulnerability to individual sub-task failures in real-world conditions. The whole system was developed for the Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge (MBZIRC) 2017, where it achieved the highest score and won Challenge No.3 Treasure Hunt. This paper does not only contain results from the MBZIRC 2017 competition but it also evaluates the system performance in simulations and ∗http://mrs.felk. cvut.cz †http://www.grasp. upenn.edu field tests, that were conducted throughout the year-long development and preparations for the competition.
What if a bug has a different origin?: making sense of bugs without an explicit bug introducing change

Background: Many studies in the software research literature on bug fixing are built upon the assumption that "a given bug was introduced by the lines of code that were modified to fix it", or variations of it. Although this assumption seems very reasonable at first glance, there is little empirical evidence supporting it. A careful examination surfaces that there are other possible sources for the introduction of bugs such as modifications to those lines that happened before the last change an changes external to the piece of code being fixed. Goal: We aim at understanding the complex phenomenon of bug introduction and bug fix. Method: We design a preliminary approach distinguishing between bug introducing commits (BIC) and first failing moments (FFM). We apply this approach to Nova and ElasticSearch, two large and well-known open source software projects. Results: In our initial results we obtain that at least 24% bug fixes in Nova and 10% in ElasticSearch have not been caused by a BIC but by co-evolution, compatibility issues or bugs in external API. Merely 26--29% of BICs can be found using the algorithm based on the assumption that "a given bug was introduced by the lines of code that were modified to fix it". Conclusions: The approach allows also for a better framing of the comparison of automatic methods to find bug inducting changes. Our results indicate that more attention should be paid to whether a bug has been introduced and, when it was introduced.
Structured Alignment Networks for Matching Sentences

Many tasks in natural language processing involve comparing two sentences to compute some notion of relevance, entailment, or similarity. Typically this comparison is done either at the word level or at the sentence level, with no attempt to leverage the inherent structure of the sentence. When sentence structure is used for comparison, it is obtained during a non-differentiable pre-processing step, leading to propagation of errors. We introduce a model of structured alignments between sentences, showing how to compare two sentences by matching their latent structures. Using a structured attention mechanism, our model matches candidate spans in the first sentence to candidate spans in the second sentence, simultaneously discovering the tree structure of each sentence. Our model is fully differentiable and trained only on the matching objective. We evaluate this model on two tasks, natural entailment detection and answer sentence selection, and find that modeling latent tree structures results in superior performance. Analysis of the learned sentence structures shows they can reflect some syntactic phenomena.
Follicle Diameters, Egg Weight, and Egg Production Performance in Old Laying Hens Injected with Growth Hormone and Testosterone

Hen aging is accompanied by a disruption of productive performance, namely, egg production. The current study was carried out to investigate how exogenous Growth Hormone (GH) and Testosterone (Ts) change diameters of hierarchal follicles, egg weight, and egg production performance of old laying hens in the late phase of production. To this end, 160 HyLine W-36 laying hens (aged 73 weeks), were injected (single injection) with GH and Ts as follows: Treatment 1: 100 µL distilled water (control group); Treatment 2: 500 µg Ts kg -1 Body-Weight (BW)+50 µg GH kg -1 body-weight; Treatment 3: 500 µg Ts kg -1 BW+100 µg GH kg -1 BW, and Treatment 4: 500 µg Ts kg -1 BW+150 µg GH kg -1 BW. The experiment had four replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. The diameters of Small White Follicle (SWF), Large White Follicle (LWF), the First (F 1), Second (F 2) and Third (F 3) largest yellow follicles in treatment 3 were significantly larger than in the control group, in the second week after the injection. Hen-Day Egg Production percent (HDEP), egg mass, and Feed Intake (FI) of treatment 3 were significantly higher than all other groups, during the second week after the injection; besides, HDEP and FI in treatment 4 were significantly more than in the control group. These results suggest that in old laying hen, GH and Ts may positively influence follicular diameters and egg production performance.
A Sense of Belonging Among College Students With Disabilities: An Emergent Theoretical Model

Higher education research suggests that the development of a sense of belonging is key to academic success and persistence, yet we know little about how first-year students with disabilities develop a sense of belonging as they transition into and through their first year in postsecondary environments. Themes from a grounded theory study of 8 college students, most of whom had invisible disabilities, provided the foundation for an emerging model of belonging. Student narratives suggest there are interconnections between the development of a sense of belonging, self-advocacy, social relationships, and mastery of the student role for first-year students with disabilities.
The Phenomenology of Eye Movement Intentions and their Disruption in Goal-Directed Actions

Many modern psychological theories still assume that humans know about themselves to a wide and accurate extent, in line with the early classical cognitive frameworks. Other competing frameworks, such as dynamic cognition, propose that intelligent behavior can arise from an interaction between the brain, body, and environment, without the need of manipulating explicitly represented knowledge-states. Intentions, i.e. the dispositions to do a specific action, are one such type of mental events that is assumed to be internally monitored to an accurate extent, and is heavily involved in theories modeling goal-directed action. The dynamic framework suggests that there is no reason to assume that humans would naturally have high introspective access to intentions, or are in need of them when making goal-directed actions in the first place. In this study, the extent to which we monitor eye movement intentions, i.e. the intentions to shift one’s gaze towards a specific location, and whether they can be expressed in conscious experience, is investigated. A forced-choice decision task was developed where a pair of faces moved systematically across the screen. In some trials, the pair of faces moved additionally as soon as the participants attempted to gaze at the face which was in the front of the movement direction, such that the participants would never see the ’front’ face within the center of their gaze. The results of the experiment suggest that humans in general do not monitor their eye movement intentions in a way that allows for mismatches to be consciously experienced and expressed. It was also possible to bias participants into not choosing the alternative that escaped the center of their gaze, if both faces were highly attractive, and doing so without the participants being aware of the manipulation. The results suggest that oculomotor control is another cognitive domain that humans have low access to, and that theoretical models that assume intentions to be central in goal-directed action need to be revised. (Less)
The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Building

The objective of this research has been to find out the effect Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) would have on the building of future brands in an organisation. Some beneficiary communities were segmented into focus groups for discussions on the ramifications of CSR. The discussions brought forth three main ramifications (namely; stakeholder expectations, collaborations and research & Development) which eventually led to the discovery of fifteen variables. A questionnaire was then prepared with these variables in mind. A sample of 200 employees from ten organizations was selected as respondents before these questionnaires were administered. The data collected on these variables were then analysed using factor analysis. The analysis revealed that, there exist strong correlations between some of the variables such as OLBS and PIC; CTP and PIC; COO and RCL and others as shown in the correlation matrix table. The analysis further indicated that the variables PIC, RCL, PSE, DVD, TT and OCD with Eigen values greater than 1 reflects a decreasing strength towards brand building as shown in the total variance table. Out of the 15 variables, component 1 with a loading of 10.840 best affects brand building instead of component 2.
Verification of Nowcasts from the WWRP Sydney 2000 Forecast Demonstration Project

Abstract The verification phase of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) Sydney 2000 Forecast Demonstration Project (FDP) was intended to measure the skill of the participating nowcast algorithms in predicting the location of convection, rainfall rate and occurrence, wind speed and direction, severe thunderstorm wind gusts, and hail location and size. An additional question of interest was whether forecasters could improve the quality of the nowcasts compared to the FDP products alone. The nowcasts were verified using a variety of statistical techniques. Observational data came from radar reflectivity and rainfall analyses, a network of rain gauges, and human (spotter) observations. The verification results showed that the cell tracking algorithms predicted the location of the strongest cells with a mean error of about 15–30 km for a 1-h forecast, and were usually more accurate than an extrapolation (Lagrangian persistence) forecast. Mean location errors for the area tracking schemes were on the ord.
Comparative evaluation of the proximate composition and antioxidant properties of processed products of quince ( Cydonia oblonga Miller )

Quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) was processed into different products (candy, jam and dehydrated slices) and these were evaluated for their proximate composition and antioxidant properties. Total phenolics, reducing power, H2O2 value, FRAP and DPPH of the processed products of quince fruit varied significantly and were found in the range of 69.12-78.67 mg GAE/100g, 70.9-89.5%, 36.02-51.20%, 1.40-1.68 μM and 79.91-82.61% respectively. The present study revealed that processed products of quince have higher total phenolic content and antioxidant properties as compared to fresh pulp.
Shear Wave Splitting Beneath Eastern North American Continent: Evidence for a Multilayered and Laterally Variable Anisotropic Structure

Eastern North America records a tectonic history of over 3 Ga in duration. Much of this record is preserved within the lithosphere and may be unraveled by detailed studies of its interior structure. Past episodes of tectonic activity likely left their imprints in the form of anisotropy‐forming rock fabric presently preserved in the lithosphere of the continent. We perform shear wave splitting measurements using observations of core‐refracted waves collected from a ~1,300‐km‐long array extending from James Bay in Quebec to the Fundy basin in Maine, with lateral spacing of 10–100 km between instruments. Close spacing of instruments helps us associate anisotropic properties with geological boundaries. We find that the fast polarizations concentrate between N60°E and N90°E with an average of N80°E and change systematically with backazimuth. In addition, we observe a lateral increase in delay time from 0.56 ±0.25 s at the NW end of the array to 0.90 ± 0.41 s at the SE end. The location of lateral change in delay time does not match geological boundaries on the surface but seems to match the geophysical boundary at depth of 160 km. We interpret this boundary in splitting values to be the edge of cratonic lithosphere at depth. Our observations suggest that the anisotropic structure beneath our study area is complex and possibly both multilayered and laterally variable.
A Successful Creative Process: The Role of Passion and Emotions

The creative process refers a sequence of thoughts and actions leading to a novel, adaptive production (Lubart, 2000). It demands love, time, and devotion, and, therefore, creators are passionate toward their creative work. The Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al., 2003) defines passion as a strong inclination for a self-defining activity that people love and find important, and in which they invest a significant amount of time and energy. Two types of passion are proposed, where harmoniously passionate (HP) individuals engage in the passionate activity with free choice, and obsessively passionate (OP) individuals feel an uncontrollable urge to partake in the activity, leading to positive and negative consequences respectively. This research explored the role of emotions and passion during a successful creative process. Study 1 (N = 82) looked at positive emotions experienced by passionate artists at each phase of their creative process. Study 2 (N = 114) replicated Study 1 and also assessed negative emotions. Results revealed that positive emotions facilitate creativity and that moderate and high levels of activation of positive emotions serve different functions. Negative emotions were relatively absent of the successful creative process. Finally, HP artists presented an emotional experience that was more positive than OP artists.
Marital conflict and marital satisfaction among Latina mothers: A comparison of participants in an early intervention program and non-participants.

The purpose of the study was to better understand marital conflict and marital satisfaction among Latina mothers in the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) program. Latina mothers living in a marriage or in a committed relationship (n = 91) reported levels of marital conflict and marital satisfaction. Between both groups, non-HIPPY mothers reported significantly less marital satisfaction and more conflict associated with affection than HIPPY mothers. A negative correlation (r = -.495, p <.001, n = 91) indicated that more satisfaction was related to less marital conflict. Out of ten marital conflicts, religion, leisure time, drinking, and other women (outside the relationship) best explained how satisfied mothers were in their relationship with their spouse. In this study, participants who were in the HIPPY program may have more support and higher marital quality. Social service programs such as HIPPY may help families build stronger marriages. Further research on Latino/Hispanic culture and values are important when developing culturally sensitive marriage and couples education.
Disabled sportswomen and gender construction in powerchair football

Sports and physical activities are ideal fields to study gender construction. Much research aims at shedding light on these processes. Women involved in ‘male’ sports have been extensively studied, and mixed-sex activities have sometimes been used to support these studies, but research has rarely focused on populations of disabled athletes. Yet, the phenomenon of gender construction takes on a particular meaning in the context of disability, insofar as the relations between sports, gender and disability raise the issues of production and negotiation of bodily norms in a specific way. We will try to understand this gender construction phenomenon through the study of ten French powerchair football players, with whom we conducted a participant observation over two and a half years, as well as in-depth interviews. We will pay particular attention to the case of three sportswomen who competed in an almost exclusively male champion ship. We will see that these women are confronted with a dilemma: going against the stereotype of the asexual Paralympian female athlete while performing masculinity to gain legitimacy in a men’s world. These sportswomen thus ‘play the game’ of masculinity through a set of discursive, behavioral and clothing strategies in order to find a place in powerchair football, while still preserving some of their ‘femininity. ’
Environmental Factors and Limbic Vulnerability in Childhood Autism

The rise in prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is suggestive of a new etiology. Diagnostic substitution alone is unlikely to account for the increase, while genetic association with detoxification gene alleles points to an environmental contribution. Subtle structural anomalies in the ASD brain are widespread but limbic damage seems important for the development of behaviors diagnostic of ASD. The limbic brain is especially susceptible to environmental challenge: internal sensing, physiological feedback and neuroinflammatory processes may underlie this sensitivity to insult. Primary damage leading to ASD in later life is likely to take place in utero and/or in the immediate postnatal period. Despite evidence of heavy metal involvement, a causal connection may not yet be concluded because subjects exposed to metals tend to be exposed to other environmental agents. Because maternal minerals and lipids are supplied to the unborn child, historic toxic exposure of the mother may be pivotal. A two-hit combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental challenge is argued to underlie the rise in ASD.
Cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X=Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots-synthesis, properties, and applications: a review of their present status

Abstract. Metal halide-based perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronics and future energy applications. Among them, cesium lead halide-based perovskite quantum dots (Cs-LHQDs) have been found to be potential luminescent candidates and alternatives for the II–VI and I−III−VI2 groups semiconductor nanoparticles. These perovskites provide an excellent quantum yield (90%) larger than any other semiconductor QDs. At present, synthesis of Cs-LHQDs has been successfully achieved through a traditional colloidal-based hot-injection method and a room temperature precipitation method. Some of the interesting results in their structural, optical, and morphological properties are being analyzed to understand their energy-transfer mechanism in the colloidal state. Morphology of nanoplates, nanowires, nanocube, and nanosheets in these materials confirms their physical parameters-dependent self-assembly nature in a colloidal medium. Their potential use for light emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers is also highly motivated. This review provides a collective view of recent developments made in the synthesis of Cs-LHQDs and their properties.
Retaining business customers through adaptation and bonding: a case study of HDoX

Business markets are complex. Sellers have to deal with customised demand, both passive and active markets, multi‐person interactions and interconnected relationships. Reports the case study of HDoX, a producer of hydrogen peroxide, an industrial chemical that has wide applications from the disinfecting of equipment in the foodstuffs industry to the bleaching of paper pulp. Focuses on HDoX’s practices for retention of its business customers, specifically, its industrial bulk users of hydrogen peroxide, through adaptation and bonding. HDoX’s customer retention practices are not part of an explicit retention plan but, instead, emerged as a result of HDoX’s continuous adaptation to customers and other members of its business network. The process of retaining industrial business customers is dynamic and contextualised and involves managing multi‐dimensional bonds between the seller, customers and other members of the business network.
Decadal climate predictions for the period 1901–2010 with a coupled climate model

An ensemble of yearly initialized decadal predictions is performed with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model to examine the forecast skill for the period from 1901 to 2010. Compared to the more recent period (1960 to present day), the extended period leads to an enlargement of regions with significant anomaly correlation coefficients (ACC) for predicted surface temperatures. This arises from an increased contribution of the trend, which is also found in the uninitialized runs. Additionally, in the North Atlantic decadal variability plays a larger role over the extended period, with detrended time series showing higher ACC for the extended compared to the short period. Furthermore, in contrast to the uninitialized simulations, the initialized predictions capture the North Atlantic warming events during the 1920s and 1990s, together with some of the surface climate impacts including warm European summer temperatures and a northward shift of Atlantic tropical rainfall.