Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A preliminary demonstration of transformation of functions through hierarchical relations

The current study focuses on the experimental analysis of hierarchical responding, and aims at analyzing some of the transformation of functions that take place at different levels of hierarchical categories. Ten university students participated. During Phase 1, four arbitrary stimuli were established as INCLUDES, BELONGS TO, SAME, and DIFFERENT relational cues, respectively. During Phase 2, three four-member equivalence classes were trained and tested (A1-B1-C1-D1; A2-B2-C2-D2; A3-B3-C3-D3). These equivalence classes constituted the bottom level of two hierarchical categories. The middle and top levels of the hierarchical categories were formed during Phase 3. The middle level was established by training hierarchical relations (INCLUDES and BELONGS TO) between novel stimuli X.1 and A1/B1; X. 2 and A2/B2; and Y and A3/B3. The top level was established by training hierarchical relations between X and X.1/X.2, and between Y and Y.1. During Phase 4, X.1 was established as always cold, D2 as always heavy and C3 as always sweet. During Phase 5 (Critical Test), six stimuli from both hierarchical categories (Y, X, C1, X.2, D3, C2) and a non-related stimulus (M) were tested for the transformation of functions. Nine of the ten participants responded correctly to the test. The implications and limitations of these findings, as well as lines for future research, are discussed.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN ROSEHIP SPECIES FROM EAST ANATOLIA REGION OF TURKEY

The objective of this work was to determine some bioactive compounds for four different rosehip species (Rosa L.), growing in the East Anatolia region of Turkey. It was determined that the average fruit weights of the species varied between 9.8 g (R. dumalis) and 34.5 g (R. canina). The total soluble solids showed statistically significant variations among the rosehip species (14-22 ̊Brix). The acidity was inversely proportional to total soluble solids and ranged between 1.00% (R. canina) and 2.67% (R. villosa). The highest total phenolic, Lascorbic acid contents and the highest total antioxidant capacity were found in R. canina. The total phenolic, total anthocyanin, total dry matter, and L-ascorbic acid contents and the total antioxidant capacity of the rosehip species ranged as follows 1081-6298 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, 2.43-3.72 mg/100 g, 40.1–56.7%, 24.93-754.48 mg/100 g, and 10.0497. 95 mmol trolox equivalent/g, respectively. Glucose was the most common sugar in Rosa species (5.99-12.48 g/100 g), the major organic acid in the rosehip species was citric acid (0.48-1.05 g/100 g). A dendogram based on some pomological and biochemical characteristics of the rosehip species were grouped into 2 main clusters. Findings on the biochemical characteristics of the species will provide insights to plant breeders /growers and for further research.
The Financial Accelerator: Evidence using a procedure of Simultaneous Structural Model Design

We nd empirical evidence of a nancial accelerator using a new data based procedure of Simultaneous Structural Model Design. Credit to rms, asset prices and aggregate economic activity interact over the business cycle in our empirical model of a dynamic economy. Furthermore, the interdependence between credit and asset prices creates a mechanism by which the eects of shocks persist and amplify. However, while innovations to asset prices and credit do cause short run movements in production and vice versa, such innovations do not precede real economy movements in the long run. Hence, there could still be a case for the Modigliani-Miller theorem in the long run.
The Riemannian mean and matrix inequalities related to the Ando-Hiai inequality and chaotic order

The Riemannian mean on the convex cone of positive definite matrices is a kind of geometric mean of n -matrices which is an extension of the geometric mean of two-matrices. In this paper, we derive the Ando-Hiai inequality for the Riemannian mean which is an extension of the well-known Ando-Hiai inequality of two-matrices. Moreover, we shall show an extension of a characterization of chaotic order. Lastly, we will give a negative answer for the problem whether the same results are satisfied or not for other geometric means of n -matrices. Mathematics subject classification (2010): Primary 47A64; Secondary 47A63, 47L25.
Intra-specific Genetic Diversity of Different Accessions of Cassia occidentalis by RAPD Markers

The RAPD technique has been successfully used in a variety of taxonomic and genetic diversity studies. The genetic diversity of ten accessions of C. occidentalis collected from different districts of Haryana has been reported in this paper using twelve random amplified polymorphic DNA primers. 111 bands were scored corresponding to an average of 9.25 bands per primer with 79 bands showing polymorphism (71.17%). Nine out of twelve primers gave more than 60% polymorphism. Jaccard similarity coefficient ranged from 0.54 to 0.73. A dendrogram constructed based on the UPGMA clustering method revealed two major clusters. Cluster-1 comprises of nine accessions which was further differentiated into two subclusters while Cluster–2 includes only accession C10. This study revealed rich genetic diversity among C. occidentalis accessions from Haryana region in India.
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC SATISFACTION AND TREATMENT TOWARD PHC AND PUBLIC PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN EASTERN PROVINCE, KSA.

Hassan A. Alashwan 1 , Redha A. Alsaleh 1 , Ahmed M. alshakhs 1 , Mustafa S. Alfehaid 1 , Abdullah J. Almajed 1 , Huda A. Alsaleh 1 , Maryam K. Almumten 1 and Nabil M. Kurashi 2 . 1. College of medicine at university of Imam abdurahman bin faisal. 2. College of medicine, department of family and community medicine, imam abdurahman bin faisal university, Saudi Arabia. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Supporting Education PhD and DEd Students to Become Confident Academic Writers: an Evaluation of Thesis Writers’ Circles

This paper critically evaluates the pilot of a Thesis Writers’ Circles program offered to Education PhD and DEd students at the University of Melbourne in semester 2, 2005. The analysis focuses on the needs of those students that were felt to be well-met by this model of support. Broadly, the paper identifies two distinct but inter-related themes: firstly, the challenge of developing writing skills to a level sufficient to meet the demands of preparing a research thesis; secondly, the importance for research higher degree students of building confidence as apprentice academic writers. In relation to the latter theme, the paper identifies the benefits of community participation and peer-collaboration in working towards the aim of consolidating a thesis-writing identity. It is in this capacity, we argue, that thesis writers’ circles have distinct advantages compared with other forms of candidature support, making them a valuable supplement to both conventional supervision practices and generic English language and thesis writing programs. The paper affirms the importance not only of equipping international and non-English speaking background (NESB) students with writing tools and strategies, but also of creating opportunities for all postgraduate research students to receive (and offer) non-judgmental feedback on work-in-progress within a discipline-specific learning and discourse community.
Association of Domestic Violence with Pro-social Behavior: Evidence from Ethiopia women

This research examined the association of domestic violence experience with pro-social behavior in developing country setting and is the first to exploit field experimental measurement in domestic violence and pro-social behavior literature to gauge the extent of prosocial behavior. The highest number of domestic violence occurrence has been discovered from developing countries‟, especially in Africa. In this context, Ethiopia women who are in violence group are negatively associated with pro-social behavior. Especially, Ethiopia women who had only physical violence experience are much more negatively correlated with social preference than non-violence group. The results highlight the domestic violence relates from personal to social problems and the importance of the role of household members to live in who can make individuals change behavior in society.
Carbon Stock Variations Along Altitudinal and Slope Gradient in the Forest Belt of Simen Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

Forests play a significant role in climate change mitigation by sequestering and storing more carbon from the atmosphere which is released by anthropogenic causes. The overall objective of this study was to measure Variations of Carbon Stock along Altitudinal and Slope Gradient in the forest belt of Simen Mountains National Park. And it aimed to add values of the lowland forest belt of the park for climate change mitigation contribution in Ethiopia. The work was accomplished properly using random sampling to estimate the forest carbon in above and below ground biomass by considered each trees and shrubs which had DBH ≥5 cm. Above ground biomass was estimated by using allometric models equation while below ground biomass was determined based on the ratio of below ground biomass to above ground biomass factors. Dead wood, leaf litter, herb and grass (LHG) and soil organic carbon were conducted according to sampling quadrates data and laboratory result. The results shown that, there were twenty species with a density of 2334 trees and shrubs in the study sites which had DBH ≥5 cm. The mean above ground and below ground biomass carbon stock were 270.89±154.50 and 54.18±30.81 t ha-1 respectively. The mean above ground biomass carbon per species was 20.42±17.99 t ha-1. The mean carbon in dead wood, LHG and soil carbon were 0.7258±1.0479, 0.019±0.008 and 242.51±46.42 t ha-1 respectively. The total Carbone stock variation along altitudinal gradient was 542.6, 550.73 and 627.01 t ha-1 for upper, mid and lower altitude respectively by which higher amount of carbon was stored in lower altitude. The total carbon stock variation along slope gradient was 487.3, 557.00 and 625.877 t ha-1 for upper, mid and lower slope respectively by which higher amount of carbon was stored in lower altitude. So that in this study both altitude and slope had the same impact on carbon stock potential of the species in the areas of study.
Precompact Sets, Boundedness, and Compactness of Commutators for Singular Integrals in Variable Morrey Spaces

We give sufficient conditions for subsets to be precompact sets in variable Morrey spaces. Then we obtain the boundedness of the commutator generated by a singular integral operator and a BMO function on the variable Morrey spaces. Finally, we discuss the compactness of the commutator generated by a singular integral operator and a BMO function on the variable Morrey spaces.
Architecture Design of The Hardware H.264/AVC Video Decoder

The need for real-time video compression systems requires a particular design methodology to achieve high troughput devices. The paper describes the architecture of the H.264/AVC decoder able to support SDTV and HDTV resolutions. The design applies many optimization techniques to reduce the resource consumption and maximize the throughput. The archietcture is verified with the software reference model JM16 and synhesized for FPGA technology. The maximal working frequency is 100 MHz for Stratix II devices. Keywords—H.264/AVC, video compression, FPGA, architecture design.
Do Social Resources Protect Against Lower Quality of Life Among Diverse Young Adolescents?

We examined whether social resources from the family and the community moderate the risk associated with low socioeconomic status (SES) for reduced quality of life (QL) among youth across racial/ethnic groups. Data were from 4,824 fifth-grade youth (age X ¯ = 11.1, SD = 0.6; 49% females) in the Healthy Passages™ study (2004-2006) located in Birmingham, Alabama; Los Angeles County, California; and Houston, Texas. Youth reported their QL using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 and the Global Self-Worth subscale of the Self-Perception Profile and their status for hypothesized protective social mechanisms. Overall, family cohesion, parental nurturance, other adult, and peer support were positively associated with QL across racial/ethnic groups. There were few significant interactions, but all suggested that higher SES youth benefited more than lower SES youth. In fact, family cohesion among African American youth and other adult support among Hispanic youth differentiated QL at higher, but not lower SES. Further research should examine other risk contexts and seek to inform targeted prevention efforts.
CHALLENGES OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AT RITHO FARMERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY BY FAITH N.KWERI

The environment in which organizations, whether for profit or non-profit, private or public operate in is dynamic and highly unpredictable. Due to the constant changes, organizations are required to continuously adapt so as to strategically meet the evolving challenges and exploit emerging opportunities to ensure survival and success. Without successful implementation of formulated strategies, the organization will not obtain the intended results. Ritho Farmers Cooperative Society is not an exception to the environmental changes and as a result has formulated its strategic plan 2010/2014. The researcher carried out this management research study with special focus on two objectives; to determine strategy implementation challenges and establish measures taken in dealing with challenges encountered during strategy implementation at Ritho FCS. To achieve the stated objectives a case study research design was used, primary data was collected through an interview guide interviewing 8 top managers of the Society. All of them responded representing 100% response rate. The researcher also used any available information from the secondary sources which included the documented strategic plan 2010/2014, documented society policies and procedures, guidelines, society by-laws and working manuals. Content analysis was used to analyze the data which confirmed the main challenges faced by Ritho FCS in their strategies implementation as poor communication, inadequate financial resources, leadership, organization policies and procedures, governance, unpredictable climatic change, and unsound reward system. Other challenges included government policies and procedure, implementers of strategy leaving the Society before implementation, organization politics and marketing. The second objective of the study was to establish the measures the society is undertaking to mitigate the mentioned challenges. The study revealed these measures as; training and development of staff and management as well as farmers on farm management and good agricultural practices; exchange program visits; succession planning; cost cutting measures and partnering with several stakeholders.
Oxygen-18 isotopes in precipitation on the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract This study examines precipitation samples collected at the Yushu meteorological station on the eastern Tibetan Plateau from November 2000 to November 2002. Results show that air-temperature effects control δ18O in precipitation in this area. Values of δ18O in precipitation positively correlate with air temperature, especially for monthly averages. Our data also show δ18O values in precipitation positively correlate with dew point and surface pressure in the Yushu region. Similar to other stations (Tuotuohe, Nagqu, Gaize and Shiquanhe) lying in the transition zone between the regions in the south dominated by the monsoon and those in the north dominated by the westerlies, because of the effect of monsoon precipitation, precipitation rates are high, and heavy isotopes are more depleted in summer at the Yushu station. Accordingly, values of δ18O in precipitation correlate more strongly with air temperature and dew point before the monsoon onset and after the monsoon retreat than during the monsoon period. That is, intense monsoon activities weaken the correlations between δ18O and air temperature and dew point. Clearly, dew point, surface pressure and the monsoon intensity contribute to controlling the δ18O values in precipitation at the Yushu station.
RAPD ANALYSIS OF CALLUS REGENERATED AND SEED GROWN PLANTS OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)

Genetic and cytogenetic changes are frequently observed in plants regenerated from tissue culture. This phenomenon, termed somaclonal variation, is undesirable in genetic transformation processes. DNA-based molecular markers have been used to characterize and evaluate genetic variability among individuals. The RAPD technique was used to evaluate somaclonal variation in maize plants derived from tissue culture from the maize inbred line L48 (derived from Suwan). Forty seven different decamer oligonucleotide primers generated 221 amplification products, 130 of them being polymorphic. Genetic divergence was calculated by the Nei´s distance based on the presence (1) or absence (0) of DNA bands in the different analyzed samples. Cluster analyses divided the samples into three distinct groups, considering an upper limit of 0.38 genetic distances. The first group included the tissue culture-derived calli , the second one the regenerated plants, and the seed-derived plants formed the last group. The results indicated that segregation was still present in the inbred line L48 after six cycles of selfing and/or that different clones of the same age accumulated different types of genetic modifications (0.05 of genetic distance). These modifications seem to be directly correlated with the potential for callus regeneration. As the age of the callus increased from 13 to 25 months, regeneration decreased about 28 times. These results indicate that RAPD technique can be used as a potent and easy-to-use tool to identify maize inbred lines less susceptible to somaclonal variation when cultured in vitro, a fundamental step in plant genetic transformation.
Micro evidence for sources of innovation in European countries

This paper investigates sources of product or process innovation, such as investments in research and development, machinery, personnel training and management systems, by examining microdata from eight European countries. We pay particular attention to the effect of research and development in favouring the absorption of new technologies, i.e. the absorptive capacity. Significant positive effects of each source on both product and process innovations are found. Significant evidence of positive absorptive capacity emerges only in firms with low predicted probabilities of introducing innovation.
Effect of fermented seed extract of Carica papaya on litters of female wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus )

This study was performed to determine the effects of fermented seeds of Carica papaya on litters of female Wistar rats, and ascertain its safety as a food condiment. Animals in group one served as control, and were given only water; those in groups two and three were given the aqueous extract of the fermented seeds of C. papaya at 500 and 1500 mg/kg, respectively, from gestation day six to gestation day 15, kept till terms and allowed to litter. Results showed that the percentage increase in weight of rats in the control group was not significant (P and litter body weight in rats within all the groups, compared to the control group. Also, the anogenital distance (AGD) to crown rump length (CRL) ratio in rats dosed with the fermented extract of C. papaya seeds at 500 and 1500 mg/kg was not significantly different from the control group. In conclusion, this study has shown that the fermented seeds of C. papaya seeds does not affect the litters and may be safe as a food condiment.
Gender Difference in Organisational Role Stress: A Study of Employees in it Sector in Mangalore City

This study was conducted to find out the gender difference in organisational role stress on performance of the employees in the Information Technology sector in the city of Mangalore. In carrying out the study, simple random sample technique was used to select 458 employees from the IT sector. Udai Pareek’s ORS scale was used to assess the level of organisational role stress among the employees of the IT sector. Ten dimensions of role stress were measured using ORS scale. The hypothesis were tested using t-test. A quantitative, explorative and descriptive research design was employed in this study to gather information about the gender differences in occupational stress on the performance of employees. After gathering relevant data, analysis was conducted to determine the stress level between the male and female employees. The findings of the study reveal that there exists a significant relationship between in the gender differences in organisational stress in the IT sector.
MICROBIAL DECOLOURIZATION AND DEGRADATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET BY AEROBIC BACTERIA

In present study, it was observed that, 92% decolourization of Crystal violet dye by the unidentified acclimatized bacterial cultures isolated from soil, collected from near by area of dye industry. The decolourization was achieved when dye solution was incubated at room temperature for 24 h. The decolourization was effective at neutral pH. No significant increase in decolourization was observed when the bacteria were supplemented with co-substrate (1% Glucose). Gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy analysis was carried out for confirmation of degradation. Five degradation products were isolated and identified.