Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Relation Between the Spiders' Spot and Option Implied Volatility

In this study we use spectral analysis on SPY (Spiders) options to examine the relation between option spot and implied volatility for this exchange trade fund. We attempt to address the question is there a relation between the option spot and implied volatility or option implied volatility has no relation with the spot exchange trade fund volatility. We find that this relation does exist for SPY at-the-money call and put options and the in-the-money call and out-of-the-money put options. Using two spectral statistics – the coherence and the phase statistics, we find that the SPY option implied volatility and spot volatility have a relation and that the SPY option implied volatility leads the SPY spot volatility.
Intimate Partner Violence in Muslim Communities

Despite intimate partner violence (IPV) being a global phenomenon, there is a scarcity of literature on the IPV in Muslim communities. This is especially true when it comes to empirical studies. As a first step towards remedying this deficit, this paper conducted a systematic review of the current empirical literature pertaining to IPV among Muslims. The purpose of the review is to develop an overview of the findings of the past studies that empirically examine the topic of IPV and Muslims. This overview assesses the areas or topics in the existing literature, critiques the meth- odologies used, documents their results, and identifies the gaps for future research.The final analysis includes 35 empirical studies on this topic both in the US and globally. The findings are discussed under the following identified themes: prevalence and types of abuse, factors associated with exposure to IPV, attitudes towards IPV, experiences of coping and support, IPV and health consequences, and service response. Policy and future research implications of this study are presented.For instance, future research needs to focus on the intersections of religion, culture, political history, socioeconomic status, immigration status and the history of patriarchal oppression related to cultural practices of families and their effects on IPV. Language: en
Budgets of th~ Medit_erranean Sea. Their depenqance on the local climate and on the characteristics of the Atlantic waters·

RESUME In the study of the physical oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea many efforts have been made to determine the flux of waters through the Strait of Gibraltar on the basis of measurements or calculations. Our own earlier st~dies of the beat and water budgets of the Mediterranean, together with the results obtained by other authors enable us to suggest a physical model of its behaviour which is conditioned by its climate and by the characteristics of the Atlantic water. This model is verified by calculating actual flows through the Strait and the water deficit of the sea. 'fP.e results are compared to those obtained by other methods. The model may also be used for the investigation of the effects of climatic changes on the hydrological parameters of the Mediterranean.
EVALUATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS AND PSEUDOMONAS FOR CONTROL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA ON TOMATO

Abo-Elyousr, Kamal A. , Zakaullah Khan, Magd El-Morsi Award, and Montaser Fawzy Abedel-Moneim. 2010. Evaluation of plant extracts and Pseudomonas spp. for control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. Nematropica 40:289-299. Fresh leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem), Allium sativum (garlic) and Tagetes erecta (African marigold) and bacterial suspensions of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa were tested against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato under in vitro, pots and field conditions. All treatments immobilized juveniles (J2); with the highest effect caused by neem leaves extract and the lowest by P. aeruginosa after 24 h and 48 h of exposures. In soil all treatments significantly reduced root galling, nematode population, and enhanced plant growth and yield, with bacterial treatments being the most effective. Nematode populations were reduced greater by nematicide (Vydate 10 G) treatment but the greatest increase in yield (67%) was obtained with P. fluorescens; the treatment reduced root galling by 68-70% and 48% in pot and field experiments, respectively. Among the plant species, garlic demonstrated best control reducing root galls by 57% in pots under greenhouse and 33% in field conditions and increasing fruits yield by 47%. Abo-Elyousr, Kamal A. , Zakaullah Khan, Magd El-Morsi Award and Montaser Fawzy Abedel-Moneim. 2010. Evaluacion de extractos de plantas y de Pseudomonas spp. para el control de Meloidogyne incognita en tomate. Nematropica 40:289-299. Se probaron extractos frescos de hojas de Azadirachta indica (nim), Allium sativum (ajo) y Tagetes erecta (clavelon africano) y suspensions bacteriales de Pseudomonas fluorescens y P. aeruginosa para el control de Meloidogyne incognita en tomate in vitro, en macetas y en campo. Todos los tratamientos inmovilizaron los juveniles (J2); observandose el mayor efecto con el extracto de hojas de nim y el menor con el extracto de P. aeruginosa despues de 24 y 48 h de exposicion. En el suelo, todos los tratamientos redujeron significativamente el agallamiento y la densidad de poblacion del nematodo, y aumentaron el crecimiento y rendimiento de la planta, siendo los tratamientos bacteriales los mas efectivos. La mayor reduccion en las poblaciones del nematodo se observo con el tratamiento con nematicida (Vydate 10 G), pero el mayor aumento en rendimiento (67%) se obtuvo con P. fluorescens; cuyo tratamiento redujo el agallamiento en 68-70% y 48% en macetas y campo, respectivamente. Entre los tratamientos vegetales, el ajo demostro el major control de agallamiento, con una reduccion del 57% en macetas y 33% en campo, y un aumento del rendimiento del 47%.
Pressures to increase public expenditure and patterns of procyclical expenditure

This paper draws on the literature that explains why governments spend procyclically, to predict the pattern of cyclical expenditure across government budgets. Procyclical expenditure increases at a faster rate than income in economic upturns and falls at a faster rate in recessions. The more politicians indulge pressures to increase expenditure in an economic upturn, the more they find it difficult to sustain expenditure in a recession. In this paper, differences in politicians' willingness to increase expenditure in an economic upturn are relevant when predicting patterns of cyclical expenditure across budgets. Predictions are tested with reference to expenditures from government budgets in 23 OECD countries (over the period 1995-2006). Central government capital expenditure and sub-central government expenditure are systematically more procyclical than expenditures from other budgets.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Enhances Segregation of Lipids between Raft and Nonraft Domains : 2 H-NMR Study

Solid-state H-NMR of [H31]-N-palmitoylsphingomyelin ([ H31]16:0SM, PSM*), supplemented by differential scanning calorimetry, was used for the first time, to our knowledge, to investigate the molecular organization of the sphingolipid in 1:1:1 mol mixtures with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (16:0–18:1PE, POPE) or 1-palmitoyl-2docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (16:0–22:6PE, PDPE) and cholesterol. When compared with H-NMR data for analogous mixtures of [H31]16:0–18:1PE (POPE*) or [ H31]16:0-22:6PE (PDPE*) with egg SM and cholesterol, molecular interactions of oleic acid (OA) versus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are distinguished, and details of membrane architecture emerge. SM-rich, characterized by higher-order, and PE-rich, characterized by lower-order, domains ,20 nm in size are formed in the absence and presence of cholesterol in both OAand DHA-containing membranes. Although acyl chain order within both domains increases on the addition of sterol to the two systems, the resultant differential in order between SMand PE-rich domains is almost a factor of 3 greater with DHA than with OA. Our interpretation is that the aversion that cholesterol has for DHA—but not for OA—excludes the sterol from DHA-containing, PE-rich (nonraft) domains and excludes DHA from SM-rich/cholesterol-rich (raft) domains. We attribute, in part, the diverse health benefits associated with dietary consumption of DHA to an alteration in membrane domains.
Alterations in Active and Passive Behavior of Lower Back Tissues Following Six Sessions of High Velocity Low Amplitude Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Healthy Participants

OF THESIS ALTERATIONS IN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE BEHAVIOR OF LOWER BACK TISSUES FOLLOWING SIX SESSIONS OF HIGH VELOCITY LOW AMPLTIUDE SPINAL MANIPULATIVE THEARPY FOR HEALTHY PARTICIPANTS Non-specific low back pain (LBP) is a major health problem affecting a substantial portion of the population. The current treatments offered for non-specific LBP are oftentimes unsuccessful because the acting mechanism(s) of most treatment options are unknown. Obtaining a better understanding about the acting mechanism behind existing treatment options is, therefore, essential for the improvement of non-specific LBP treatment and management. The objective of this study was to gain a more comprehensive understanding about the acting mechanism of high velocity low amplitude spinal manipulative therapy, specifically the impact that high velocity low amplitude spinal manipulative therapy may have on the active and passive spinal musculoskeletal stabilizing subsystems along with the resultant spinal stability for healthy participants. A pre-post intervention study design completed by six healthy participants was used to quantify changes in the above noted aspects of spinal stability using a series of tests performed both before and after six sessions of high velocity low amplitude spinal manipulative therapy. The tests included seated balancing tests, lower back range of motion tests, and stress relaxation test. The six sessions of high velocity low amplitude spinal manipulative therapy did not significantly affect any of the test measurements among our healthy participant group.
Energy Cascade Processes in Stratified Turbulence Project

In order to investigate the formation process of the kH –5/3 energy spectrum observed in the atmospheric mesoscales, we perform numerical experiments on forced turbulence in a rotating stratified fluid and examine the energy cascade processes. When the energy injection by the dynamical forcing is concentrated in small scales, upscale energy cascade is expected to form a kH –5/3 spectrum. However, our result shows that the upscale cascade is not enough to form this spectrum for the terrestrial parameter range. On the other hand, the spectral slope generated by downscale energy cascade from energy injection in larger scales is close to –2 and is not sensitive to static stability when the Coriolis parameter is greater than the terrestrial angular velocity.
Effect of environmental variability and spawner characteristics on the recruitment of Baltic herring Clupea harengus populations

We analyzed recruitment-environment relationships for 5 distinct Baltic Sea herring stocks inhabiting the areas of the Western Baltic (WBH), the Main Basin (MBH), the Gulf of Riga (GRH), the Bothnian Sea (BSH) and the Bothnian Bay (BBH). A number of hydro-climatic and bio- logical predictors were tested for their effect on recruitment. Temperature was determined to be an important predictor for 3 of the stocks (MBH, GRH and BSH). However, spawning stock biomass was the major factor explaining recruitment for GRH and weight-at-age of the spawners was an impor- tant predictor of MBH recruitment. For 2 out of 4 stocks for which complete zooplankton data were available (BSH and MBH), food supply was also a significant predictor, suggesting that changes in climate and/or food web structure may indirectly affect herring recruitment via prey availability for the recruits or spawners. Our results emphasize both similarities and differences in the main regula- tors of recruitment dynamics for the 5 stocks that should be taken into consideration in the develop- ment of area-specific management strategies throughout the Baltic Sea basin.
Occurrence and survival of pathogens at different sludge depths in unlined pit latrines in Kampala slums

Occurrence and survival of pathogens in faecal sludge was investigated in unlined pit latrines at varying depths in peri-urban areas of Kampala city, Uganda. A total of 55 unlined pit latrines, 7 private and 8 rental unlined pit latrines were sampled in the first and second phases (representing the rainy season) and 40 pits in the third phase (representing dry season), and analysed for indicator organisms and pathogens from 4 pit latrine sludge layers, at depths of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m, following APHA standard methods. Physico-chemical parameters of the faecal sludge were also measured. Three sampling phases were undertaken to determine the effect of seasonal variation. Results indicate that the mean temperature and pH were 25.4 ± 1.14°C and 8.0 ± 1.5, respectively; and moisture content increased with pit sludge depth, except between Depths 3 and 4. Average moisture content was 86.3 ± 3%. The measured parameters varied significantly (P > 0.05) between seasons. The mean reduction in total coliforms, thermo-tolerant coliforms, E. coli, and faecal enterococci with sludge depth was significant at all depths (P < 0.05), but the least significant difference was not significant at depth levels of 1.0 m and 1.5 m. Salmonella was only detected at the top layer of faecal sludge in 60% of Phase 2 samples and in only 20% of the samples in Phase 3. About 200–4 100 eggs/g of strongyles were found in 98% of the samples and 100–1 600 eggs/g of ascarids in 55% of the samples. Temperature, pH and moisture content did not show a significant correlation with observed reductions of indicators and pathogens. With extrapolation of the generated regression models, a pit of 8 m can be recommended for reduction of bacteria. It is recommended that protective field gear be used during pit emptying and that faecal sludge treatment should be done to reduce pathogens before disposal into the environment. Keywords : pathogens, indicator organisms, faecal sludge, unlined pit latrine, water contamination
Nutrient uptakes and their contributions to yield in peanut genotypes with different levels of terminal drought resistance

Different peanut yields under terminal drought might be due to the different nutrient uptakes among peanut genotypes. Nutrient uptake was presumed to be a drought-resistant trait and might involve drought tolerance mechanisms. The aims of this study, therefore, were to characterize the effect of terminal drought on peanut nutrient uptake and to investigate the genotypic variability of nutrient uptake and its interactions with terminal drought. Field experiments were conducted at the Field Crop Research Station of Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, from October 2010 to January 2011 and October 2011 to January 2012. Six peanut genotypes were tested under well-watered and terminal drought conditions. Data were recorded for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptake and biomass (BM) and pod yield (PY); the ratio of nutrient uptake under stress condition was calculated. Terminal drought significantly reduced nutrient uptake in both years, and peanut genotypes differed considerably with respect to nutrient uptakes under well-watered and terminal drought conditions. ICGV 98324 and ICGV 98348 were the best genotypes for nutrient uptake under terminal drought. Tainan 9 and Tifton 8 had low nutrient uptake under both conditions. ICGV 98308 and Tifton 8 had medium uptake and Tainan 9 had the lowest. Significant correlations between nutrient uptakes and BM and PY were mostly observed under well-watered and drought conditions. Based on nutrient uptake, ICGV 98324 and ICGV 98348 were identified as drought-tolerant lines. These genotypes could maintain high nutrient uptakes across water regimes; consequently, these traits can also be used as efficient tools for selecting peanut genotypes with terminal drought tolerance.
The Internal Audit Effectiveness Evaluated with an Organizational, Process and Relationship Perspective

Using a unique database of Italian companies, we perform structural equation modeling technique to test the association between organizational, processes and relationship measure of internal audit effectiveness and firm pressures and performances. We find that size, listing and Big4 are significantly and positively associated with the internal audit effectiveness. We contribute to literature showing that organizational (e.g. presence of a charter, chief auditing executive experience), processes (audit plan risk based, quality assurance program, guidelines), and relationship (with auditee, senior management, chief financial officer, audit committee) measures are useful to evaluate the internal audit effectiveness. We provide support for profession, agency and institutional theories. We implement the measure of internal audit effectiveness with a structural equation model to be able to consider the different components of organizational, processes and relationship separately in a single model. Extending previous literature, we show that this measure of internal audit effectiveness is effective in discovering significant determinant of internal audit effectiveness and could be used in future research.
STUDENT COURSE PERCEPTIONS: A PERCEIVED-EASE-OF-USE--PERCEIVED-USEFULNESS FRAMEWORK

This study focuses on students’ perceptions about a hybrid marketing course, delivered in independent face-toface and online formats, at a southwestern U.S. university. Based on the Perceived-Ease-of-Use (PEOU) – Perceived Usefulness (PU) framework, it examines the associations of PEOU and PU with each of two constructs viz., Comparative Evaluation and Communication with the Instructor. The research throws light on hitherto unexplored dimensions of students’ course and teacher perceptions. In addition, from a marketing perspective, educators can utilize the findings to make their instruction more effective for their “customers. ” Finally, data analyses supporting the hypotheses, academic and research implications as well as ideas for future directions are presented.
The Bhaduri/Marglin post-Kaleckian model in the history of distribution and growth theories: An assessment by means of model closures

Starting from a review of the main strands of orthodox and heterodox distribution and growth models and their distinguishing features, with the post-Kaleckian Bhaduri/Marglin (1990) (and Kurz 1990) model as a specific, but highly flexible variant of heterodox distribution and growth theories, we develop a simple modelling framework in which we can treat these different theories as different variants of model closure. In a simple closed private one-good economy model, each theory is presented drawing on the relationship between the rate of profit and the rate of growth, as well as on the consideration of one major adjusting variable allowing for the convergence of the endogenous variables of the model to their equilibrium values. This allows for a systematic comparison of exogenous and endogenous variables, of the 'logic' or the chain of causalities in each of the approaches, and of the generation of the long-run equilibrium positions of the system. It is finally shown that the post-Kaleckian model is able to cover many, but not all of the results generated by the old neoclassical growth model, new neoclassical growth theories, classical/Marxian distribution and growth approaches, and post-Keynesian Kaldor-Robinson and Kalecki-Steindl distribution and growth theories.
Estimation of supply response of livestock products: the case of Kajiado District

During early 1970s and early 1980s economic conditions in general had been favourable for the Kenyan farm sector. Following market liberalization in the late 1980s, farmers and in particular livestock farmers experienced economic hardship. The economic situation facing livestock industry was characterized by wide fluctuation and unpredictability of the livestock and livestock product prices and uncertainity in livestock production and marketing. These shocks coupled with economic conditions in the livestock sector rendered profit-oriented decision-making by livestock farmers and other participants in the industry difficult. The objective of this study was therefore to estimate the livestock products supply responses using an error correction method. The estimators of the model were derived by way of regression and correlation after subjecting the data collected to vigorous testing for stationarity using Augmented Dick-Fuller test. Conclusions were made on the basis of R2 (coefficient of determination) as well as the t statistic. The results indicate that the estimated short run supply function, live cattle and cattle hides were price elastic while sheep and goats were inelastic. The long run supply response was positive although inelastic for live cattle and goats while cattle hide was elastic. The results also showed positive short run price elasticity. On the basis of t-value, the findings were conclusive with all the variables analyzed being statistically significant. The study also found that live cattle and cattle hide supply adjust to equilibrium levels quite fast. These results suggest that livestock farmers in the study area adjust their supply quiet early, probably as soon as they gain the slightest indications that the market signal would be permanent.
Pragmatic inferences and self-relevant judgments: The moderating role of age, prevention, focus, and need for cognition

Abstract Three studies examined the influence of type of scale on self-relevant judgments and the moderating role of age, prevention, focus, and need for cognition. Participants were randomly assigned to a bipolar or a unipolar scale condition in all three studies. Results from study 1 with a representative sample of the adult population of Mexico showed that participants evaluated themselves more positively on a bipolar than a unipolar scale. Age did not moderate this relationship. Results from studies 2 and 3 also showed a significant influence of type of scale on self-relevant judgments. Prevention, focus and need for cognition did not moderate the relationship between type of scale and self-relevant judgments. The theoretical and applied implications of our results were discussed.
Benefits of Transformational Leadership in the Context of Education

Following expansive changes in the management of schools and the methods of organizing the teaching as well as the changes in the styles of leadership as the function of management, contemporary approaches to leadership: transactional, charismatic, transformational and interactive become more often the focus of research interest. Each of these theoretical approaches has far-reaching impacts and values not only in time but also in a certain context. However, in this paper we give priority to transformational leadership taking into consideration the claim that transformational leadership style is the most suitable for guiding the students within the school conditions. This type of claim has its stronghold in these three points: 1) the ethical dimension of transformational leadership, that is, the moral basis; 2) the validity of previous researches supported by evidence, and 3) evidences of the leaders’ practice in the field of education. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
L-space intervals for graph manifolds and cables

We present a graph manifold analog of the Jankins–Neumann classification of Seifert fibered spaces over $S^{2}$ admitting taut foliations, providing a finite recursive formula to compute the L-space Dehn-filling interval for any graph manifold with torus boundary. As an application of a generalization of this result to Floer simple manifolds, we compute the L-space interval for any cable of a Floer simple knot complement in a closed three-manifold in terms of the original L-space interval, recovering a result of Hedden and Hom as a special case.