Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hemostasis in Massively Transfused Trauma Patients

Twenty-seven patients requiring massive transfusions were studied prospectively to determine whether administration of stored, modified whole blood induced a primary disorder of hemostasis evidenced by generalized microvascular oozing. Platelet counts fell in proportion to the number of units of blood transfused. In contrast, the levels of factors V and VIII correlated poorly with the units of blood transfused, 85% of the total variation in the levels being due to influences other than transfused blood. Levels of all other clotting factors were unrelated to the number of units of blood given. Eight patients developed abnormal bleeding. The cause appeared to be dilutional thrombocytopenia in five patients, and DIC in three. In six of the eight, bleeding was controlled with platelet concentrates alone. Two patients were given cryoprecipitate also. The most useful laboratory test for predicting abnormal bleeding was the platelet count. Fibrinogen levels should be followed as an aid in the diagnosis of DIC. The BT, PT, and PTT were not helpful in assessing the cause of bleeding, unless they were greater than 1.5 times the control value. We recommend that any patient receiving massive transfusions who develops diffuse microvascular bleeding be given platelet concentrates. Platelet counts as high as 100,000 may be required to control bleeding from surgical woulds. It is not necessary to supplement transfusions of stored, modified whole blood with fresh blood or fresh frozen plasma.
Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study on the Tongue and Lingual Papillae of the Common Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius amphibius

We observed the three‐dimensional structures of the external surface and connective tissue cores CTCs, after exfoliation of the epithelium of the lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform, and foliate papillae) of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius amphibius) using scanning electron microscopy and conventional light microscopy. Following unique features were found; typical vallate papillae with a circumferential furrow were not observable. Instead, numerous large fungiform papillae were rather densely distributed on the posterior of the lingual prominence. Taste buds were observable only on the dorsal epithelium. Serous lingual gland was not seen in the lamina propria; however, mucous‐rich mixed lingual glands were found and in a few of orifices were seen on the large fungiform tops. Lingual prominence was diminished their width. Rather long and slender conical papillae were distributed on the lingual prominence and were similar to nonruminant herbivore, that is donkey. Beside this narrow lingual prominence, lateral slopes were situated with numerous short spine‐like protrusions. After removal of the epithelium, CTCs of lateral slopes exhibited attenuated flower bud structures. Large‐conical papillae were situated on the root of the tongue. These large conical papillae were not seen among ruminants and seen on the lingual root of omnivores and carnivores. It implies that lingual structure of common hippopotamus possessed mixed characteristics between Perissodactyls, Ruminantia, and nonherbivores such as Suiformes because of their unique evolutionally taxonomic position. Moreover, adaptation for soft grass diet and associating easier mastication may be also affecting these mixed morphological features of the tongue. Anat Rec, 292:921–934, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethnic differences in tobacco use during pregnancy: findings from a primary care sample in São Paulo, Brazil

Objectives. Tobacco use during pregnancy is a global health concern. To date the majority of research originates in developed countries, thus we have a need to better understand factors related to maternal health in developing countries. We examine the prevalence and correlates of smoking by ethnicity in a sample of pregnant primary care patients in São Paulo, Brazil. Design. Data were obtained from completed surveys during perinatal care visits in primary care clinics. We examine a sample of 811 pregnant women surveyed during 20–30 weeks of pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results. We found significant ethnic differences in smoking during pregnancy. Compared to White women, Black women were more likely to use tobacco during pregnancy (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.16–3.27). In the fully adjusted model, when accounting for common mental disorders, differences in smoking during pregnancy by ethnicity remained (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.14–3.36). Conclusions. There are ethnic differences in tobacco use during pregnancy. Clinical implications including universal screening for tobacco use during pregnancy and culturally relevant approaches to smoking cessation are suggested.
Electroencephalographic studies of inner wisdom meditation training program

The objectives were to investigate and understand the effects of Inner Wisdom Training and Meditation to EEG power spectra. The samples included six healthy adults with age ranged between twenty to sixty years. All participants were equally attended all nine levels of Inner Wisdom Meditation Program. During the EEG activity recording, all participants were asked to close their eyes for three minutes. In addition, their brainwave activities were individually recorded by the lightweight electroencephalogram (EEG) at precisely one and three minutes after the experiment began. Results of this study showed that the increased of delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands were found in relation to those mentioned in the literatures that the delta frequency band was related to the subconscious state whereas the theta frequency band was related to recall memory. Both of these types of frequency bands occurred during high relaxation. Alpha frequency band was also increased after attending the Inner Wisdom Training and Meditation.
Firm Heterogeneity and Learning by Technology Licensing: Empirical Evidence from China

Firm heterogeneity lies at the heart of the resource-based view of the firm in explaining a firm’s innovation success. However, these studies focus on one or two limited perspectives of heterogeneity and more or less neglect the different learning mechanisms by which heterogeneous resources contribute to firms’ success in innovation. In this study, we extend the perspectives of firm heterogeneity into five angles and carefully examine how these different aspects contribute to a firm’s learning experiences, and consequently result in its innovation success. We set our study context under the newly identified external learning mechanism - learning through technology licensing. Using a dataset of 186 Chinese firms during the period 2002-2003 we test five hypotheses in relation to the link between a recipient firm’s heterogeneity, learning experience and its innovation output. The empirical findings indicate that various perspectives of firm heterogeneity can be jointly used to explain a firm’s learning experience and innovation output. That is, a firm with a longer history, stronger pre-existing technological strengths and integrative capabilities, larger scale, and a stronger orientation for foreign knowledge sourcing are better positioned for learning through their technology licensing-ins, and thus achieve superior innovation performance.
Evaluation of Direct Signal Suppression for Passive Radar

Passive radar (PR) systems must be able to detect the presence of a target signal many orders of magnitude weaker than the direct signal interference (DSI). Due to the continuous nature of most PR signals, this interference, rather than thermal noise, determines the sensitivity of the system. Suppression of DSI and clutter prior to range-Doppler processing is crucial for maximizing the effective dynamic range, to increase detection range and improve overall system performance. A number of time-domain adaptive filtering techniques have been proposed to mitigate the effects of DSI, with varying levels of success. As such, an investigation of the primary factors affecting suppression performance is presented, using Advanced Television Systems Committee digital television (DTV) waveforms as an example, through simulation and extensive experimental trials. A number of spectral and spatially diverse DTV signals are considered to analyze suppression performance under a wide range of realistic scenarios. In particular, the fast block least mean squares filter is shown to provide good suppression performance with low computational requirements. Results of this analysis can be used to predict PR performance and stability. Practical metrics, such as suppression runtime and ease of implementation, also serve to counsel selection of DSI mitigation algorithms for experimental systems.
Azithromycin attenuates myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis development through proteasomal degradation of NOX4

ABSTRACT Accumulation of profibrotic myofibroblasts is involved in the process of fibrosis development during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis. TGFB (transforming growth factor β) is one of the major profibrotic cytokines for myofibroblast differentiation and NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4) has an essential role in TGFB-mediated cell signaling. Azithromycin (AZM), a second-generation antibacterial macrolide, has a pleiotropic effect on cellular processes including proteostasis. Hence, we hypothesized that AZM may regulate NOX4 levels by modulating proteostasis machineries, resulting in inhibition of TGFB-associated lung fibrosis development. Human lung fibroblasts (LF) were used to evaluate TGFB-induced myofibroblast differentiation. With respect to NOX4 regulation via proteostasis, assays for macroautophagy/autophagy, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and proteasome activity were performed. The potential anti-fibrotic property of AZM was examined by using bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis mouse models. TGFB-induced NOX4 and myofibroblast differentiation were clearly inhibited by AZM treatment in LF. AZM-mediated NOX4 reduction was restored by treatment with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. AZM inhibited autophagy and enhanced the UPR. Autophagy inhibition by AZM was linked to ubiquitination of NOX4 via increased protein levels of STUB1 (STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase. An increased UPR by AZM was associated with enhanced proteasome activity. AZM suppressed lung fibrosis development induced by BLM with concomitantly reduced NOX4 protein levels and enhanced proteasome activation. These results suggest that AZM suppresses NOX4 by promoting proteasomal degradation, resulting in inhibition of TGFB-induced myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis development. AZM may be a candidate for the treatment of the fibrotic lung disease IPF.
Corneal iron ring after hyperopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis.

PURPOSE To report a new corneal iron ring after hyperopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS Three patients underwent hyperopic LASIK for the correction of hyperopia in both eyes. Spherical equivalent refraction of the patients ranged from +3.37 to +6.50 diopters. LASIK procedure was performed using automated corneal shaper and 193-nm argon fluoride excimer laser. RESULTS Both eyes of the patients were noted to have a corneal iron ring located at the paracentral area at 6-7 months after surgery. The localization of iron ring corresponded with outside border of central steep zone. Twelve-month examination showed there was no change in color, shape, and density of corneal iron ring. CONCLUSIONS Corneal topographic changes induced by hyperopic LASIK may cause corneal iron ring to develop.
Verbal fluency in Parkinson's disease: results of a 2-min fluency test

Background: Patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) are often reported to have an impaired performance on tests measuring executive functioning, such as fluency tasks. Aim: To investigate whether verbal fluency is impaired in PD patients (n = 25) compared with healthy controls (n = 15) using a 2-min semantic and phonemic verbal fluency test. A 2-min version of the fluency task was used to allow for more switches between clusters to study retrieval strategies more adequately. Results: No differences in performance on both semantic and phonemic fluency tasks between the PD patients and the control persons were found. Moreover, both groups appeared to use the same retrieval strategies. Conclusion: Patients suffering from PD appear to use the same strategies for producing words as healthy controls do. Different pathways may be involved in switching clusters during the fluency task than in other types of switching that may be impaired in PD, such as motor switching and concept-shifting.
Influence of birth weight on differences in infant mortality by social class and legitimacy.

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the influence of birth weight on the pronounced social class differences in infant mortality in Britain. DESIGN--Analysis of routine data on births and infant deaths. SETTING--England and Wales. SUBJECTS--All live births and infant deaths, 1983-5. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Mortality in infants by social class, birth weight, and legitimacy according to birth and death certificates. RESULTS--Neonatal and postneonatal mortality (deaths/1000 births) increased with social class. Neonatal and postneonatal mortality was 4.2/1000 and 2.3/1000 respectively for social class I and 6.8/1000 and 5.6/1000 respectively for social class V. Mortality was lower among births registered within marriage (postneonatal 3.5/1000; neonatal 5.2/1000) than among those jointly registered outside marriage (5.1/1000; 6.4/1000); mortality was highest in those solely registered outside marriage (7.2/1000; 7.0/1000). For neonatal mortality the effect of social class varied with birth weight. Social class had little effect on neonatal mortality in low birthweight babies and increasing effect in heavier babies. For postneonatal mortality the effect of social class was similar for all birth weights and was almost as steep as for all birth weights combined. CONCLUSION--Birth weight mediates little of the effect of social class on postneonatal mortality.
Enhancement of experimental ulcerative colitis by immunization with Bacteroides vulgatus

Previous studies with the guinea pig model for ulcerative colitis have shown that the inducing agent, carrageenan, does not provoke ulcerations in germfree guinea pigs, but animals monoassociated with Bacteroides vulgatus develop cecal ulcerations when fed carrageenan. In an effort to define the role of B. vulgatus in this model system, conventional guinea pigs were immunized with B. vulgatus before carrageenan treatment. Immunized animals developed both circulating antibody and positive skin tests for the homologous antigen. A comparison of B. vulgatus-immune and nonimmune carrageenan recipients after 30 days of carrageenan treatment revealed ulcerations of the ceca and large intestine in both groups, but the immune group developed more severe lesions than the nonimmune group. The most severe intestinal lesions were detected in B. vulgatus-immune animals fed both carrageenan and daily doses of viable B. vulgatus. Immune recipients of B. vulgatus alone did not develop ulcerations, but showed histological evidence of intestinal inflammation. Lesions observed in B. vulgatus-immune animals were most severe in the colon and rectum, in contrast to more severe cecal lesions detected in nonimmune carrageenan recipients. Similar experiments with Bacteroides fragilis as an antigen for immunization showed no difference between immune and nonimmune groups. These results suggest that immunization with B. vulgatus enhances the severity of carrageenan-induced colitis.
DeepRoadMapper: Extracting Road Topology from Aerial Images

Creating road maps is essential for applications such as autonomous driving and city planning. Most approaches in industry focus on leveraging expensive sensors mounted on top of a fleet of cars. This results in very accurate estimates when exploiting a user in the loop. However, these solutions are very expensive and have small coverage. In contrast, in this paper we propose an approach that directly estimates road topology from aerial images. This provides us with an affordable solution with large coverage. Towards this goal, we take advantage of the latest developments in deep learning to have an initial segmentation of the aerial images. We then propose an algorithm that reasons about missing connections in the extracted road topology as a shortest path problem that can be solved efficiently. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in the challenging TorontoCity dataset [23] and show very significant improvements over the state-of-the-art.
Are Affiliated Analysts More Likely than Unaffiliated Analysts to Provide Eps Forecasts that Management Can Meet or Beat?

We examine analysts' incentive to avoid negative earnings surprises by testing the effect of investment banking relationships on analysts' tendency to issue EPS forecasts that management ultimately can meet or beat. Using 19,014 sample firm-quarters for the 1991-2002 period, we find that firms meet or exceed affiliated analysts' EPS forecasts 6% more often than unaffiliated analysts' EPS forecasts. This tendency is more pronounced for firms with a strong investment bank relationship and firms with a limited ability to manage earnings. We further report that affiliated analysts with achievable forecasts generate future investment banking business, but do not improve their future forecast accuracy. We also find some evidence that management could gain from affiliated analysts' achievable EPS forecasts because of their influence on unaffiliated analysts' forecast revisions. Collectively, these findings support the view that analysts whose employers maintain close ties to a firm keep their EPS forecasts at an achievable level to obtain future investment banking business.
Factors Affecting Tax Attitudes and Tax Compliance: A Survey Study in Yemen

This study was aimed to bring an insight about influence of attitudes and considerations of individual taxpayers on tax compliance in Yemen taking internal and external factors into consideration. The study was conducted in Sana’a, the capital city of Yemen to evaluate and rank the factors that reduce taxpayer compliance. A questionnaire was designed using a five point Likert scale and distributed to tax payers in order to learn their opinions. The results indicated that, high tax rates and unfair tax system are the two most crucial factors associated with low compliance. Furthermore, insufficient tax auditing, little deterrent effects of tax penalties and tax amnesties enacted frequently have impact on taxpayers’ compliance decision. The factors like insufficient tax office staff number and frequent tax code changes affect tax compliance to a lesser extent.It was also revealed that collected taxes did not return as public goods and services in Yemen. When the responses are compared by gender and age, females were found to be more compliant compared to males to taxation whereas age is not a significant factor in general, especially for external factors. Older group was found to be more compliant compared to young in terms of factors having significant difference. Keywords: tax, tax compliance, tax payer, internal factors, external factors.
A Novel, Easy, and Safe Technique to Repair a Stoma Prolapse Using a Surgical Stapling Device

A stoma prolapse is one of the late complications and often occurs when the stoma is made in an emergency situation. This complication is not lethal, but causes irritable stoma, skin trouble, and difficulty in stoma care. We herein report the case of a 48-year-old female with an end colostomy that was created as an emergency operation 4 months before. On admission, her colostomy protruded approximately 20 cm from the skin with marked redness, swelling, and erosion; it was impossible to treat manually. We repaired the prolapse successfully in a simple procedure with a Proximate Linear Cutter 100. Briefly, under mild sedation, the instrument was diagonally inserted into the prolapsed stoma and applied twice on both sides. Then, the base of each divided tissue was stapled and cut with the same device. Finally, the prolapse was completely repaired without major bleeding and severe pain. We have applied this novel technique successfully in 5 further cases, and there have been no complications or recurrences. This technique can be performed without spinal or general anesthesia and seems to be a very useful procedure for patients with prolapse of a stoma.
Maximum multi-hop range using cooperative transmission with a fixed number of nodes

We explore range expansion along an appointed direction using a fixed number of mobile nodes that do distributed multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) in the diversity configuration, also known as cooperative transmission (CT). The emphasis is on optimal groupings and locations of groups to maximize the multi-hop reach along a line; such information may inform the motion of robots that are deployed as far away as possible from a fixed base station yet still maintain connectivity. Also the impact of message-sharing within a cluster before relaying is considered. The simulation results show that for different fixed number of nodes, Rayleigh fading and arbitrary path loss exponent, there are preferred deployments depending on path loss exponent and sharing strategy.
Specific motifs recognized by the SH2 domains of Csk, 3BP2, fps/fes, GRB-2, HCP, SHC, Syk, and Vav

Src homology 2 (SH2) domains provide specificity to intracellular signaling by binding to specific phosphotyrosine (phospho-Tyr)-containing sequences. We recently developed a technique using a degenerate phosphopeptide library to predict the specificity of individual SH2 domains (src family members, Abl, Nck, Sem5, phospholipase C-gamma, p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and SHPTP2 (Z. Songyang, S. E. Shoelson, M. Chaudhuri, G. Gish, T. Pawson, W. G. Haser, F. King, T. Roberts, S. Ratnofsky, R. J. Lechleider, B. G. Neel, R. B. Birge, J. E. Fajardo, M. M. Chou, H. Hanafusa, B. Schaffhausen, and L. C. Cantley, Cell 72:767-778, 1993). We report here the optimal recognition motifs for SH2 domains from GRB-2, Drk, Csk, Vav, fps/fes, SHC, Syk (carboxy-terminal SH2), 3BP2, and HCP (amino-terminal SH2 domain, also called PTP1C and SHPTP1). As predicted, SH2 domains from proteins that fall into group I on the basis of a Phe or Tyr at the beta D5 position (GRB-2, 3BP2, Csk, fps/fes, Syk C-terminal SH2) select phosphopeptides with the general motif phospho-Tyr-hydrophilic (residue)-hydrophilic (residue)-hydrophobic (residue). The SH2 domains of SHC and HCP (group III proteins with Ile, Leu, of Cys at the beta D5 position) selected the general motif phospho-Tyr-hydrophobic-Xxx-hydrophobic, also as predicted. Vav, which has a Thr at the beta D5 position, selected phospho-Tyr-Met-Glu-Pro as the optimal motif. Each SH2 domain selected a unique optimal motif distinct from motifs previously determined for other SH2 domains. These motifs are used to predict potential sites in signaling proteins for interaction with specific SH2 domain-containing proteins. The Syk SH2 domain is predicted to bind to Tyr-hydrophilic-hydrophilic-Leu/Ile motifs like those repeated at 10-residue intervals in T- and B-cell receptor-associated proteins. SHC is predicted to bind to a subgroup og these same motifs. A structural basis for the association of Csk with Src family members is also suggested from these studies.