Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential for co-management approaches to strengthen livelihoods of forest-dependent communities: a case study of the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Service, Kenya

of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Planning and Management A common, often unstated, assumption in the wide ranging literature advocating comanagement approaches to management of forestry, and related natural resources, in developing countries is that co-management has the potential to improve the livelihood outcomes of forest-dependent communities. Consequently, co-management has gained wide acceptance among governments, development agencies and development practitioners as an alternative natural resources management strategy to the top-down or centralised government management approaches. However, many natural resource management scholars have conceptually narrowly focused their research, informed either by the literature on institutional design and evaluation or by the literature on livelihood outcomes per se, without explicitly acknowledging and rigorously examining possible linkages between the two. Thus, a major gap in the current literature on the evaluation of co-management institutional arrangements is the extent to which co-management can strengthen the livelihoods of the poor forestdependent communities. This gap is addressed in this thesis by developing and testing an argument that well designed co-management arrangements have the potential to strengthen the livelihood outcomes of forest-dependent communities. A hybrid analytical framework was developed that situates the design criteria for co-management institutions in the broader context of the sustainable livelihood framework. It then uses this analytical framework to evaluate the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve (ASFR) co-management initiative in Kenya, based on a three-step process. First, the thesis provides an overview of current institutional arrangements for governance of the ASFR co-management regime. Second, it evaluates the extent to which these governance
Óptimos económicos en corderos pelibuey engordados en corral

Los optimos tecnico (OT) y economico (OE) fueron estimados durante ocho semanas en 24 corderos Pelibuey machos (PVI 20 ± 0.52 k y edad 75 ± 15 d). Los valores del OT para alimentacion y numero de semanas fueron 107.40 k y 34.3, con ganancias de $ 718.29 y $ 1 147.61, y los del OE fueron 95.1 k y 34.26, con ganancias de $ 728.75 y $ 1 148.13. El peso maximo in vivo no necesariamente significa un maximo ingreso neto.
Climate Change and Adaptation in Irrigated Agriculture - A Case Study of the Yakima River

Using a case study of the Yakima River Valley in Washington State, we show that relatively simple tools originally developed to forecast the impact of the El Nino phenomenon on water supplies to irrigated agriculture also can be used to estimate the significantly shifted probability distribution of water shortages in irrigated agriculture during climate change, and that these shifted probabilities can be used to estimate the impact on agriculture in a region. The more permanent nature of changes in the temperature and precipitation regime associated with climate change means that risk management options also take a more permanent form (such as changes in crops and cultivars, and adding storage). A number of storage options have been proposed to deal with El Nino-associated drought, and would be more valuable under climate change. The most ambitious of the proposed storage projects is Black Rock, which would add about 500,00 acre-feet of water to supplement the Yakima's current 1.1 million acre-feet, at a cost currently estimated at $1.9 billion. For perspective, economic losses in the Yakima Valley reportedly have been about $100 million in a drought year such as 2001. Under current circumstances, the expected annual fisheries and periodic drought relief benefits maymore » be large enough to justify the expenditure, but since drought has been occasional, environmental consequences of new projects uncertain, and the price tag beyond the reach of all but the Federal government, no projects have been built. The benefits become more certain with warming. Analysis shows that adding 500,000 acre-feet to TWSA would offset El Nino and the effects of 2 C warming. « less
Measurement and Assessment of the Evolution of Technology with a Simple Biological Model

Abstract. A simple model of the development of technology is presented. This model, in a broad analogy with evolutionary ecology of parasites, within a theoretical framework of Generalized Darwinism, can explain vital characteristics of technological advances and technological evolution. In particular, the evolution of technology is modelled here in terms of morphological changes between a host technology and a main subsystem of technology. The coefficient of evolutionary growth of this simple model here indicates the grade and type of the evolution of technology. This coefficient is quantified in real cases study using historical data of farm tractor, freight locomotive and electricity generation technology in steam-powered plants and internal-combustion plants. The approach of measurement and assessment of technological evolution proposed here seems to be appropriate in grasping the dynamics of technological evolution to predict which technologies are likeliest to evolve rapidly. Keywords. Measurement of technology, Technometrics, Technological evolution, Technological change, Technological forecasting, Technology assessment, Technological progress, Innovation, Technology studies, Public decision making. JEL. O30, O31, O32, O33, O38.
First Tests of a New Facility for Device-Level, Board-Level and System-Level Neutron Irradiation of Microelectronics

The very limited availability of fast neutron facilities, particularly in Europe, for testing of microelectronics has motivated the construction of ChipIr, a new beamline at the ISIS neutron and muon source in the UK. ChipIr has been designed for Single Event Effect testing at the device-level, board-level and system-level which requires a beam of uniform intensity over a selectable area in the order of hundreds of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{cm}}^{2}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>cm</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="cazzaniga-ieq1-2879027.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. Measurements of the beam uniformity are presented in this paper. A memory chip of interest for space applications, based on SRAMs and developed by ESA for monitoring of radiation fields, has been used for a comparative characterization of the beam. Consistent results have been found, giving confidence on the intensity and shape of the fast neutron spectrum of ChipIr.
New formula proposal for the determination of variable speed pumps efficiency

ABSTRACT The use of pumps which work with variable rotation speed consists of an appropriate tactics for reduction of energy costs in the pump systems. In case of change in speed, the pump starts to work in a new flow pattern, head and efficiency values. Two empirical formulas can be found in the literature in order to estimate the final efficiency of a pump in this situation. This article aims at assessing the accuracy of these formulas and, next, to present a new proposal for the efficiency estimate in the new operating conditions. 50 pumps have been chosen and, for each of them, the above-mentioned formulas have been assessed in three procedures of speed reduction. The analysis of these equations’ accuracy has been accomplished by means of the comparison between the efficiencies estimated by them with the efficiencies calculated with the aid of the affinity laws. The results indicated that, in 95 of the 150 analysis procedures accomplished, the formula proposed presented estimates which have shown to be more precise than the other two formulas. It has also been possible to verify that the average of error detected through the procedure of the new formula (1.60%) has been lower than the average of the other two (1.93% and 2.22%). In light of this fact, the use of the equation here presented is considered advantageous since, from their more accurate efficiency estimates, the calculations for power and energy are also more precise.
Emissions from fires : consequences for human safety and the environment

Accidental fires represent a risk for people from the heat and fire effluents produced. It is clear from fire statistics that it is, in fact, the toxic gases that kill and injure many fire victims. Further, there are a number of compounds that are readily produced in fires, which have important sublethal effects on humans. Some of those compounds are known to have a long-term effect on people, and fires might significantly contribute to the emission of such compounds to the environment. Although, the importance of the quality of the fire effluents has been acknowledged for a long time in the fire science community, information on the detailed composition is to some degree missing. In particular, there has been a lack of real-scale fire experiments including detailed chemical analysis, to confirming the present knowledge-base, which in many cases relies on data from small-scale experiments. The work presented in this thesis is largely based on the results of a number of unique series of large-scale fire experiments, where the composition of the fire effluents has been characterised in detail. The analyses have included many types of species, e.g.: narcotic fire gases such as CO and HCN, irritants such as HF, HCl and isocyanates, carcinogenic compounds such as benzene, PAHs and dioxins. The particulate phase of the fire effluents has also been characterised in a number of tests. Information on the production of toxic gases, such as HCN, is important for estimating the time for evacuation in case of fires in buildings. Quantitative information on HCN, and other toxic gases relevant for an evacuation scenario, has been determined in real-scale fire experiments. An application of an FED model for asphyxiant gases, showed that these gases presented the greatest danger in a series of experimental tunnel fires, and that HCN, in particular, had a major impact in these fires. Further, a chemical kinetic model included in a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) study, has been evaluated for the prediction of HCN production in fires. The prediction of the model was satisfactory compared to the results of large-scale enclosure tests. An estimate of the total amounts of dioxin, PAH and VOC from fires in Sweden during a specific year was made, by combining the amounts of materials involved in fires with emission factors for these fires. It was concluded that the emissions of PAH, VOC and dioxins from fires are large. The fire related emissions of PAH and dioxins were further shown to be significant and comparable to those from many other sources. For dioxins it is further clear that large catastrophic fires can lead to major emissions.
Streaming geospatial imagery into virtual environments

The goal of this thesis is to enable geospatial images from earth observation satel­ lites to be visualised in a Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE). Geospatial im­ ages are a valuable commodity and are used in fields as diverse as meteorology, de­ fence, environmental impact analysis and urban planning. They are also very large, and collections of images are typically kept on slow tertiary storage devices. Collab­ orative Virtual Environments are sophisticated visualisation systems with the added attraction of human interaction. They are also computationally demanding applica­ tions which must respond to user input in real time. So, while there is great value in combining CVEs and geospatial imagery, a range of performance and management problems must first be considered. The general challenge is to retrieve imagery from storage archives, transform it through various image processing operations, and disseminate it to visualisation clients with a minimum of latency. This challenge implies four fundamental require­ ments: for responsive client access to imagery, for high rates of throughput when dis­ seminating imagery, for sharing collaborative data between clients, and for a struc­ tured approach to application management. The major contribution of this thesis is to report a software architecture that addresses each of these requirements. Known as the Responsive Architecture for Pipelined Imagery Dissemination (Rapid), it consists of three main components: 1. A general-purpose dissemination pipeline is used to access and process im­ agery at high rates of throughput. 2. Large, parallel caches are deployed close to visualisation clients to decouple them from the pipeline and provide responsive access to processed imagery. These caches are also organised to route collaborative data between sites. 3. An application management framework is defined to allow dissemination pipe­ lines to be created within a computational grid. The Rapid architecture has been validated through the development of numerous working systems. Three case studies are presented, which allow general architec­ tural principles to be distilled from practical work. The sheer size of geospatial imagery will continue to present a number of difficult problems for developers of visualisations systems: the underlying tension between client responsiveness and archive latency is not easily resolved. However, the results of this thesis demonstrate that the problems are not insurmountable, and that real­ time collaborative visualisation of geospatial imagery is an achievable goal.
The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Post Cesarean Section Pain, Quality of Sleep and Physical Activities Limitation

Background: Pain, sleep disturbances, and physical activity limitation are the most tiresome complains of the women post caesarian section (Cs). Progressive muscle relaxation is a promising intervention for these complains. This study aimed to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on post-cesarean section pain, quality of sleep and physical activities limitation. Research design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: post-partum unit at Damanhour National Medical Institute. Sample: A purposive sample of 80 women undergoing Cs was recruited. Randomization block was done to randomly assign 40 women for the study group and 40 for the control group. Tools: Four tools were used for data collection: structured interview schedule, short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Physical activities limitation Questionnaire and Groningen Sleep Quality Scale. Results: After the intervention, PMR significantly decreased pain severity among study group in Pain Rating Index scale, Visual analogue pain scale, and Present Pain Intensity scale compared to the control group. The severe physical activities limitation significantly absent from the entire study group, while it was significantly present among 70% of the control group. About two-thirds (62.5%) of the study group had a good quality of sleep compared to 5% of the control group. Conclusion: PMR significantly decreased pain, improved physical activities and quality of sleep among women after Cs. Recommendation: PMR should be incorporated in the nursing intervention protocols post-Cs.
Reconstruction of the unusual Middle Miocene (Badenian) palaeoenvironment of the Carpathian Foredeep (Lomnice/Tišnov denudational relict, Czech Republic)

Multiproxy sedimentological, gammaspectrometric, foraminiferal, calcareous nannoplankton, and otolith data were used for the reconstruction of the Badenian (Middle Miocene) history of the Moravian part of the Carpathian Foredeep. The study material originated from the new bore hole LOM-1, which drilled >20 metres of monotonous clayey siltstones with exceptionally rich and well preserved microfossil assemblages. Distal parts of the Carpathian Foredeep (a forebulge depozone) are exposed in this succession. Generally, a quiet environment of outer shelf to upper bathyal of monotonous clayey silts was interpreted, which is typical for the proximal parts of a peripheral foreland basin. The section studied can be subdivided into six intervals, confirming the cyclical character of Middle Miocene sedimentation in the Central Paratethys. Interannual oscillations of nutrient content, temperature and/or salinity are interpreted based on the oscil aions of geochemical as well as palaeobiological data. The turnover connected with the initiation of the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition is recorded above the LO (last occurrence) of Helicosphaera waltrans in agree ment with previous observations in the Carpathian Foredeep. The changes include cooling a decrease in nutrients, a probable increase of the sa linity of surface water, and increase of seasonality. Seasonal ity was manifested by an alternation of mixed and stratified water columns with a seasonal input of nutrients. Concerning nutrients, sources of seasonal riverine input or seasonal upwelling are both possible.
Effects of atmospheric stability on ocean ripples: A comparison between optical and microwave measurements

Fine structures of the sea surface responding instantaneously to the wind influence greatly air-sea exchange processes. Much has been learned on the generation of these structures by the wind, while little has been studied on effects of the atmospheric stability. Reported “direct” optical measurements of, and “indirect” microwave returns from, the sea surface are analyzed to show a similar quantitative suppression of ocean ripples under stable atmospheric conditions. Both mean square slopes and radar returns are magnified under unstable conditions, but their quantitative modifications are less certain.
Real-world vehicle emissions: A summary of the third annual CRC-APRAC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop

The CRC-APRAC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop provided an informal atmosphere for the exchange of information on real-world vehicle emissions issues. Topics addressed included: emissions inventories; mobile source emission factor models; evaporative emissions; dynamometer studies of exhaust emissions; remote sensing studies; and tunnel studies of vehicle emissions. It is now widely accepted that emissions inventories have significantly underestimated the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from on-rpad vehicles. Since these inventories are used to develop emission control strategies, it is critical that they accurately reflect on-road emissions. Research is currently being conducted by a variety of organizations to address this issue. For the past three years, the Coordinating Research Council - Air Pollution Research Advisory Committee (CRC-APRAC) has sponsored an onroad vehicle emissions workshop whose purpose is to provide an informal forum in which recent real-world vehicle emission.
Economic Crisis, Manorialism, and Demographic Response: Southern Sweden in the Preindustrial Period

Previous research has consistently found demographic responses to grain price fluctuations in preindustrial Europe, both at macro and micro level. Grain prices serve as a summary measure of the workings of the preindustrial economy, reflecting not only local harvest conditions but trade patterns and market integration. All over preindustrial Europe the manorial estate was an important institution in the rural economy. It offered opportunities to insure tenants against extreme events such as harvest failures, impossible to achieve for independent peasants in a society without well-functioning markets for capital or insurance, and in the absence of state subsidies. In this paper we look at the impact of regional economic fluctuations on demographic behavior and study whether the presence of estates lowered the demographic impact of economic crises on the population. We will do this by utilizing a newly developed database on agrarian output together with county-level grain price data and parish level information on vital events and land tenure for about 400 parishes in the province of Scania in southern Sweden. The results show a clear response in births and deaths in ages 1-25 to fluctuations in grain prices and output levels. Manorial parishes show a considerably lower response in the year of the economic change, but the same response as in other parishes in the year after. This indicates that the manors, at least partially, functioned as insurers against risk, which had beneficial effects of its inhabitants by smoothing consumption. Financial support from the Linnaeus Centre for Economic Demography financed by the Swedish Research Council and Lund University is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Lars Persson at the Department of Social and Economic Geography, Lund University, for sharing his data on land tenure with us.
Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences : Analyses with SAS and IBM’s SPSS, Sixth Edition

Now in its 6 edition, the authoritative textbook Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences, continues to provide advanced students with a practical and conceptual understanding of statistical procedures through examples and data-sets from actual research studies. With the added expertise of co-author Keenan Pituch (University of Texas-Austin), this 6 edition retains many key features of the previous editions, including its breadth and depth of coverage, a review chapter on matrix algebra, applied coverage of MANOVA, and emphasis on statistical power. In this new edition, the authors continue to provide practical guidelines for checking the data, assessing assumptions, interpreting, and reporting the results to help students analyze data from their own research confidently and professionally.