Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders

Objectives: This clinical practice guideline for treatment of DSM-5 feeding and eating disorders was conducted as part of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) Project 2013–2014. Methods: The CPG was developed in accordance with best practice according to the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. Literature of evidence for treatments of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), other specified and unspecified eating disorders and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was sourced from the previous RANZCP CPG reviews (dated to 2009) and updated with a systematic review (dated 2008–2013). A multidisciplinary working group wrote the draft CPG, which then underwent expert, community and stakeholder consultation, during which process additional evidence was identified. Results: In AN the CPG recommends treatment as an outpatient or day patient in most instances (i.e. in the least restrictive environment), with hospital admission for those at risk of medical and/or psychological compromise. A multi-axial and collaborative approach is recommended, including consideration of nutritional, medical and psychological aspects, the use of family based therapies in younger people and specialist therapist-led manualised based psychological therapies in all age groups and that include longer-term follow-up. A harm minimisation approach is recommended in chronic AN. In BN and BED the CPG recommends an individual psychological therapy for which the best evidence is for therapist-led cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). There is also a role for CBT adapted for internet delivery, or CBT in a non-specialist guided self-help form. Medications that may be helpful either as an adjunctive or alternative treatment option include an antidepressant, topiramate, or orlistat (the last for people with comorbid obesity). No specific treatment is recommended for ARFID as there are no trials to guide practice. Conclusions: Specific evidence based psychological and pharmacological treatments are recommended for most eating disorders but more trials are needed for specific therapies in AN, and research is urgently needed for all aspects of ARFID assessment and management. Expert reviewers Associate Professor Susan Byrne, Dr Angelica Claudino, Dr Anthea Fursland, Associate Professor Jennifer Gaudiani, Dr Susan Hart, Ms Gabriella Heruc, Associate Professor Michael Kohn, Dr Rick Kausman, Dr Sarah Maguire, Ms Peta Marks, Professor Janet Treasure and Mr Andrew Wallis.
Optimization of acoustic mirrors for solidly mounted BAW resonators

The overall performance of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters is dominated by the effective coupling coefficient and the quality factor of the constituting BAW resonators. Whereas the effective coupling coefficient and its dependency on the layer stack is quite accurately modeled with a simple one-dimensional acousto-electric model (e.g. Masonstransmission line model), the prediction and optimization of the resonators quality factor - particularly for solidly mounted resonators (SMR) - completely fails with this model: whereas a calculation of the acoustic reflectance of a standard quarter-wavelength mirror stack leads to theoretical Q-factors well above 10000, experimental SMR devices with this type of mirror show values of typically well below 1000. This discrepancy is commonly explained by either visco-elastic loss in the materials and/or laterally leaking waves leaving the active resonator area. However, we have found a new, far more important loss mechanism relating to shear waves generated in the device. These waves can be created by injection from the resonators border area as well as by reflection/refraction of longitudinal waves at non-perpendicular angle of incidence to a material interface. In this paper, a quantitative methodology for the optimization of the acoustic mirror layer stack will be proposed. The influence of the mirror structure on the trapping of both longitudinal and shear wave energy will be discussed based on this very simple approach. Trade-offs with respect to the other important device parameters, such as effective coupling coefficient, temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) and purity of the electrical response, are analyzed. The usefulness of this approach for the optimization of resonator Q-values will be proven by experimental results demonstrating Q-factors of 1500 and higher.
Adsorption of Pesticides on Resins

The objective of this work was to assess the capability of organic hydrophobic polymeric resins Amberlite XAD‐4 and XAD‐7 to remove the pesticides alachlor and amitrole from water. The pesticides adsorption on the two different adsorbents was measured by batch equilibrium technique and isotherm types and parameters were estimated. Two theoretical models were applied based on a Freundlich and a Langmuir isotherms. The effect of pesticides chemical composition and structure as well as the nature of solid surface on the efficiency of adsorption was evaluated. The influence of pH also was studied. In low pH solutions adsorption of amitrole was higher upon the nonionic aliphatic acrylic ester copolymer XAD‐7 in comparison to the nonionic, crosslinked macroreticular copolymer of styrene divinylbenzene XAD‐4. In neutral and intermediate pH solutions the polar acrylic ester copolymer XAD‐7 was more effective to the retention of alachlor. The acrylic ester copolymer showed at pH 3 the lower effectiveness in alachlor removal from water. The data of the adsorption isotherms of pesticides upon the examined polymeric resins seemed to conform to both the Freundlich and the Langmuir isotherm models.
Observational Constraints on the Internal Structure and Dynamics of the Vela Pulsar

We show that the short spin-up time observed for the Vela pulsar during the 1988 “Christmas” glitch implies that the coupling time of the pulsar core to its crust is less than ~10 s. Ekman pumping cannot explain the fast core-crust coupling and a more effective coupling is necessary. The internal magnetic field of the Vela pulsar can provide the necessary coupling if the field threads the core with a magnitude that exceeds 1013 G for a normal interior and 1011 G for a superconducting interior. These lower bounds favor the hypothesis that the interior of neutron stars contains superfluid neutrons and protons and challenge the notion that pulsar magnetic fields decay over million year timescales or that magnetic flux is expelled from the core as the star slows.
Three dimensions of oppositionality in youth.

BACKGROUND Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in youth is a strong predictor of mental illness yet the wide range of associations with psychiatric disorders remains largely unexplained. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the identification of irritable, headstrong and hurtful dimensions within youth oppositionality would clarify the pattern of associations between oppositionality and a wide range of psychopathology in early and adult life. METHODS Cross-sectional data from national mental health surveys including 18,415 subjects aged 5-16 in the United Kingdom. The main outcome measures were the associations between a priori hypothesised dimensions of oppositionality with psychiatric disorders and symptoms; parent and teacher-derived information were used in multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Our three a priori dimensions had very different associations with disorders and symptom scales. Irritability was the only predictor of emotional disorders (parent report: OR = 3.26 [CI 95% 2.79, 3.80]; teacher report: OR = 2.78 [2.39, 3.22]); the hurtful dimension was particularly strongly associated with seeming cold-blooded or callous (parent report: beta = .32 [.27, .37]; teacher report: .33 [.30, .36]); and the headstrong dimension was most strongly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; parent report: OR = 3.21 [2.43, 4.23]; teacher report : OR = 7.18 [5.25, 9.82]). All three dimensions were associated with conduct disorder, with the headstrong dimension being the main predictor of non-aggressive symptoms (parent report: beta = .31 [.27, .34]; teacher report: .43 [.40, .45]), and with the hurtful dimension being the main predictor of aggressive symptoms (parent report: beta = .35 [.32, .39]; teacher report: .40 [.39, .42]). CONCLUSIONS The three dimensions of oppositionality have distinctive external correlates, suggesting they may also be differential predictors of aetiology, prognosis and treatment responsiveness.
Improving Cross-Smartphone Periocular Verification in Visible Spectrum Using Time-Frequency Features of Laplacian Decomposition

Smartphones are gaining popularity as a biometric authentication device for many applications like banking and e-commerce. While multiple smartphone manufacturers providing phones with new features, consumers venture to try new phones or use multiple devices to sign into secure applications leading to a situation, in which they have to deal with data emerging from various smartphones along with manifold capture conditions. Recognition processes involving such cross-smartphone data leads to degraded biometric performance. In this work, we propose a novel technique to extract texture features from the periocular region by decomposing the images into Laplacian pyramids of various scales and obtain frequency responses in different orientations. Further, we propose to encode the features sparsely as a means to increase the cross-smartphone authentication using periocular region. From the extensive set of experiments conducted on a publicly available smartphone periocular database, we demonstrate the improvement using the proposed feature encoding and comparison for authentication scenarios. An average gain in Equal Error Rate of around 10 % is achieved while the best gain of 16% is obtained for various comparisons as compared to previously reported verification scores. The obtained gain in performance indicates the applicability of the proposed feature extraction technique for real-life authentication scenarios employing data from different smartphones in the visible spectrum.
Role of Dissociation in “False Drug Allergy”

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of dissociation on the “false allergy” phenomenon. Method: Fifty-five individuals (11 males and 44 females) who consecutively presented for the study of their suspected drug allergy were assessed. Results: After the challenge test, false allergy was found in 39.3% and placebo positive response in 12.5% of the patients. Seven patients (12.5%) scored above the cut-off point of 20 on the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), and 5 out of this group (71.4%) fit in the “false allergy” group. Pathological scores on the DES were associated with the diagnosis of “false allergy” (OR = 9.583, 95% CI = 1.002, 91.621). The effect of age, gender, and other psychopathological variables was controlled. Conclusions: High levels of dissociation might predispose to false drug allergy, which could complicate pharmacological treatment and therefore increase the patient's complaints and demands for medical attention.
Isoprenoid biosynthesis in multiple sclerosis

ABSTRACT – Recently discovered metabolites in urine have suggested a defect of isoprenoid metabolism in multiple sclerosis. Lymphocyte HMG‐CoA reductase was found unaffected however, and so was lymphocyte biosynthesis of geraniol, farnesol and squalene from mevalonolactone. The level of dolichol in white matter of an MS brain was similar to that of a control sample. Serum ubiquinone, on the other hand, was decreased in multiple sclerosis. Ubiquinone in serum was both age‐dependent and related to serum cholesterol. Active as well as stable MS displayed a decreased level of serum ubiquinone, and a reduced ubiquinone‐cholesterol ratio. These results are compatible with a deficient ubiquinone biosynthesis in multiple sclerosis.
Cytokines of the lung.

Communication between cells determines the steady-state composition of the lung in health and becomes a critical determinant of outcome in pathologic processes resulting in anatomic remodeling. This review presents the evolving concepts of the biology of cytokines (also known as peptide growth factors or biological response modifiers) in maintaining normal tissue growth and homeostasis. How these extracellular signaling proteins are involved in such pathologic disorders as spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and the evolution and recovery from acute lung injury is also discussed. During the past decade the cytokines have come to the fore as important multifunctional mediators of cell behavior and cell-cell communication. A wide range of cellular responses are influenced or triggered when cytokines interact with cells. These include mitosis, chemotaxis, angiogenesis, cytoskeleton arrangement, immunomodulation, and extracellular matrix production. Cytokines influence cell behavior by binding to specific high affinity surface receptors on target cells. These receptors are linked in turn at the cell membrane to a complex array of intracellular signaling pathways. Individual cytokines may inhibit as well as promote cellular functions such as mitosis and thereby play a critical role in homeostasis of normal tissue elements. Hence, cytokines are intimately involved in normal tissue homeostasis as well as in processes eventuating in growth and remodeling. All cells produce and secrete cytokines at some time during their life. Each cytokine is capable of modulating more than one cellular function. Although produced by a variety of cell types, the triggers that induce a specific cytokine to be produced differ between cells. Many of the cytokines share regions of homologous nucleic acid sequences, suggesting that they are members of larger gene families. Given that tissues and cells are exposed to complex cytokine mixtures rather than to individual cytokines, recent attention has turned to understanding how cytokines interact. The combined effects of cytokine mixtures have proved to be both complex and unpredictable based on knowledge of the separate actions of the individual cytokines involved. In studies of the role of cytokines in lung disease, early research attention has focused on those cytokines released by alveolar macrophages (the so-called macrophage-derived growth factors). However, structural cells as well as immune effector cells of the lung are capable of cytokine production and release. The cytokines receiving the most attention to date in relation to pulmonary diseases include platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), and, most recently, interleukin-6 (IL-6). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Oral health education for diabetic patients with gingivitis: Controlled before and after trial

Health education is considered the backbone of health care management predominantly with diabetic patients. In order to minimize oral health problems within this group, especially those complaining of gingivitis, nurses must be well trained in assessing the educational needs of patients regarding their oral health status. Health education about oral hygiene with pharmacological and non pharmacological agents or herbal products is considered a total management in several cases. Green tea has several benefits for oral health. It limits enzymatic changes and acts as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and deodorant agent. As an herbal product, green tea is accessible, effective and safe for diabetics with gingivitis. This is a quasi-experimental study aimed at determining the effect of health education about oral care with green tea powder on diabetics' oral health knowledge, skills and gingivitis' status. The study was conducted at the three medical sections of Gamal Abd El Nasser Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt. The sample was comprised of sixty adult diabetics who were selected by convenient sampling technique according to specific inclusion criteria. Patients were randomly divided into study and control groups, thirty in each. The Oral Health Education Assessment Questionnaire (OHEAQ) was used to determine the knowledge and skills of adult diabetics regarding oral health care and associated green tea benefits. The Gingival Evaluation Interview Sheet (GEIS) was used to assess gingivitis severity and its manifestations. Results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups after the first and second assessments of educational intervention with green tea powder, in relation to perceived oral health care knowledge and practices with green tea, gingival inflammation severity scores, and gingivitis manifestation scores. All of these variables were improved in favor of the study group. In conclusion, oral health education with herbs and particularly green tea is an admirable nursing intervention to improve patients’ oral health literacy and oral self-care practices for adult diabetic patients with gingivitis.
Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carriage by Haemophilus influenzae in Healthy Children: A Study in the Mediterranean Coast Region

Background: Haemophilus influenzae, a colonizer of the nasopharynx, in children causes mainly otitis and sinusitis. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pharyngeal colonization by H. influenzae, and the secondary objectives were to identify risk factors associated with H. influenzae colonization and its antibiotic susceptibility. Methods: A prospective, multicenter study of nasopharyngeal carriers of H. influenzae was conducted in the pediatric consulting rooms of 10 primary healthcare centers in Murcia (Spain). The study consisted of 404 healthy children less than 5 years of age and was carried out during winter (January–March) and summer (July–September) of 2015. A nasopharyngeal sample was collected from each child, and an epidemiologic survey was completed by a pediatrician. Results: In total, 112 (27.7%) children had colonization by H. influenzae, with 73.2% of cases in winter and 26.8% of cases in summer (P < 0.001). The median (interquartile range) age in months of the colonized children (13 months, 12–47.5) was lower than that of the noncolonized children (46 months, 12–49) (P < 0.001). All H. influenzae found were nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi). Among 112 isolates, 20% were ampicillin resistant, of which 10% produced &bgr;-lactamase, and 9% were ampicillin resistant and did not produce &bgr;-lactamase. A logistic regression analysis showed that young age (odds ratio: 0.98) and the winter period (odds ratio: 3.41; P < 0.001) were risk factors for colonization by NTHi. Conclusions: Colonization by NTHi is high in this Mediterranean coast region with remarkable ampicillin resistant. Younger age and the winter period were facilitating factors.
The Amino-terminal Region of the Fusion Peptide of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin HA2 Inserts into Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelle with Residues 16–18 at the Aqueous Boundary at Acidic pH

The conformation and interactions with membrane mimics of the NH2-terminal fragment 1–25 of HA2, HA2-(1–25), of influenza virus were studied by spectroscopic methods. Secondary structure analysis of circular dichroism data revealed 45% helix for the peptide at pH 5.0. Tryptophan fluorescence quenching by acrylamide and NMR experiments established that the Trp14is inside the vesicular interior and residues 16–18 are at the micellar aqueous boundary. NBD fluorescence enhancement of the NH2-terminal labeled fluorophore on the vesicle-bound peptide indicated that the NH2 terminus of the fusion peptide was located in the hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer. No significant change in insertion depth was observed between pH 5.0 and 7.4. Collectively, these spectroscopic measurements pointed to an equilibrium between helix and non-helix conformations, with helix being the dominant form, for the segment in the micellar interior. The conformational transition may be facilitated by the high content of glycine, a conformationally flexible amino acid, within the fusion peptide sequence. Self-association of the 25-mer peptide was observed in the N-[2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]glycine SDS-gel electrophoresis experiments. Incorporating the NMR signal attenuation, fluorescence, and gel electrophoresis data, a working model for the organization of the fusion peptide in membrane bilayers was proposed.
Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Fertility: The Colombian Case

Background: Estimating the long-term effects of adolescent motherhood is challenging for all developing countries, including Colombia, where this rate has been steadily increasing for 24 years, despite the reduction in the overall fertility rate. We propose a replicable methodology by applying a pseudo panel that evaluates the consequences of adolescent motherhood on outcomes previously neglected in the literature, such as job quality, marriage instability, partner’s job class, presence of physical abuse by current partner, and children’s health.Objective: To examine how adolescent mothers compare with non-adolescent mothers in outcomes not previously studied, such as job quality, marriage instability, partner’s job class, if respondent has been physically abused by current partner, and health outcomes for their children.Methods: We built a pseudo panel using four Demographic and Health Surveys (1995-2010) and compared the effects of older adolescent childbearing (ages 18-19) with those of women who postponed motherhood for just a couple of years (ages 20-21), exploiting the natural difference between adolescents and young adults who become mothers.Results: The results revealed younger mothers as well as their partners hold lower-class jobs, suffer higher rates of domestic violence at the hands of their partners, and have a higher share of deceased children.Conclusions: The latter two results lead us to suggest aggressive and comprehensive targeted public policies both for prevention of adolescent motherhood and for following their just-born babies’ health.
Sildenafil improves acquisition and retention of memory in mice.

Sildenafil (Viagra) has been introduced recently in market to correct male impotency and has gained immense popularity for its dramatic effects all over the world. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of sildenafil on learning and memory in mice using elevated plus maze. A total of XV groups of animals were employed in the present study. Central cholinergic pathways play a crucial role in learning and memory processes. Physostigmine, an anticholinesterase agent (0.5 mg, 1.0 mg kg(-1), i.p) was employed for its memory enhancing property and alprazolam a benzodiazepine receptor agonist served as a memory-impairing agent. In the present study, alprazolam produced anterograde amnesia (at 0.5 mg kg(-1), i.p) and retrograde amnesia (at 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg kg(-1), i.p.) in separate groups of animals. Caffeine at 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg kg(-1), i.p. (an established psychostimulant) did not show any significant change in learning and memory of mice. Sildenafil (at 8 mg kg(-1), i.p.) administered 30 minutes prior to training on first day produced a marginal decrease in transfer latency time on first day; whereas, sildenafil (at 2 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg kg(-1), i.p.) administered immediately after training on first day produced a dose-dependent improvement of memory in mice. However, further studies need to be carried out to elucidate the underlying mechanism of sildenafil as a memory enhancer.