Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-closed Reduction Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Avascular Necrosis in Developmental Hip Dysplasia: A Preliminary Report

Introduction: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head remains a major complication in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants. We performed a retrospective analysis to look at the predictive ability of postclosed reduction contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for AVN after closed reduction in DDH. Methods: Twenty-eight hips in 27 infants (aged 1-11 months) with idiopathic hip dislocations who had failed brace treatment underwent closed reduction ± adductor tenotomy and spica cast application under general anesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hips after intravenous gadolinium contrast injection for evaluation of epiphyseal perfusion was obtained immediately after cast application. Patients were followed with serial radiographs for a minimum of 1 year after closed reduction. Presence of AVN was determined by the presence of any one of the 5 Salter criteria by 2 readers. Magnetic resonance imaging was graded as normal, asymmetric enhancement, focal decreased enhancement, or global decreased enhancement by 2 radiologists. Results: Six (21%) of 28 hips showed evidence of clinically significant AVN on follow-up radiographs. Fifty percent of the hips with AVN, but only 2 of 22 hips without AVN, showed a global decreased MRI enhancement (P < 0.05, Fisher exact test). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that a global decreased enhancement was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing AVN (P < 0.01), independently of age at reduction (P = 0.02) and abduction angle. Conclusions: In addition to accurate anatomical assessment of a closed reduction in DDH, gadolinium-enhanced MRI provides information about femoral head perfusion that may be predictive for future AVN. At present, it is premature to use the perfusion information for routine clinical use. However, it opens the door to studies looking at repositioning or alternative reduction methods that may reduce the risk of AVN in this higher risk group.
Hydrodynamic Performance of a Dual-Slotted Circulation Control Wing of Low-Aspect Ratio

Abstract : An extensive experimental effort was undertaken to document the performance of a low-aspect ratio hydrofoil with trailing edge blowing across a Coanda surface in a large water tunnel facility. This facility was the William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel in Memphis, TN. The hydrofoil model with a taper ratio of 0.76 was mounted through a load balance. A reflection plane provided for an effective aspect ratio of 2. The dual-slot configuration allowed for an investigation of thrust vectoring, and also presented an unexpected opportunity to offset the negative impact of excessive turning of the wall jet onto the underside of the foil. This report serves to document the experimental details of that effort for future experiments and document the types of data collected for validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. The performance of the selected hydrofoil section shape is documented with six-component load measurements and detailed laser Doppler velocimetry measurements (LDV) taken in the wake of the foil.
A comparison of disproportionality analysis methods in national adverse drug reaction databases of China

Objective: Several disproportionality analysis methods are widely used for signal detection. The goal of this study was to compare the concordance of the performance characteristics of these methods in spontaneous reporting system of China. Methods: Algorithms including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and information component (IC), a composite criterion previously used by Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) were compared. Kappa coefficient was used as the gauge to test the concordance. Reports received in the year 2004 and 2005 were extracted for analysis in this study. Results: After data processing, 361,872 reports representing 52,769 combinations were analysed. The analysis generated 24,022, 22,646, 5637 and 5302 signals of disproportionality by PRR, ROR, MHRA and IC, respectively. The kappa coefficient increased with the threshold of number of drug-adverse drug reactions (ADR) combination, and the coefficient exceeded 0.7 when the number of suspected drug–ADR exceeded 2. Conclusion: This study shows that different measures used are broadly comparable in spontaneous reporting system in China when two or more cases per combination have been collected.
CHARACTERIZING THE COOL KEPLER OBJECTS OF INTERESTS. NEW EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES, METALLICITIES, MASSES, AND RADII OF LOW-MASS KEPLER PLANET-CANDIDATE HOST STARS

We report stellar parameters for late-K and M-type planet-candidate host stars announced by the Kepler Mission. We obtained medium-resolution, K-band spectra of 84 cool (Teff ≲ 4400 K) Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) from Borucki et al. We identified one object as a giant (KOI 977); for the remaining dwarfs, we measured effective temperatures (Teff) and metallicities [M/H] using the K-band spectral indices of Rojas-Ayala et al. We determine the masses (M⋆) and radii (R⋆) of the cool KOIs by interpolation onto the Dartmouth evolutionary isochrones. The resultant stellar radii are significantly less than the values reported in the Kepler Input Catalog and, by construction, correlate better with Teff. Applying the published KOI transit parameters to our stellar radius measurements, we report new physical radii for the planet candidates. Recalculating the equilibrium temperatures of the planet-candidates assuming Earth's albedo and re-radiation fraction, we find that three of the planet-candidates are terrestrial sized with orbital semimajor axes that lie within the habitable zones of their host stars (KOI 463.01, KOI 812.03, and KOI 854.01). The stellar parameters presented in this Letter serve as a resource for prioritization of future follow-up efforts to validate and characterize the cool KOI planet candidates.
Bimanual Capacity of Children With Cerebral Palsy: Intra- and Interrater Reliability of a Revised Edition of the Bimanual Fine Motor Function Classification

ABSTRACT Aims: To develop a revised edition of the Bimanual Fine Motor Function (BFMF 2), as a classification of fine motor capacity in children with cerebral palsy (CP), and establish intra- and interrater reliability of this edition. Methods: The content of the original BFMF was discussed by an expert panel, resulting in a revised edition comprising the original description of the classification levels, but in addition including figures with specific explanatory text. Four professionals classified fine motor function of 79 children (3–17 years; 45 boys) who represented all subtypes of CP and Manual Ability Classification levels (I-V). Intra- and inter-rater reliability was assessed using overall intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and Cohen's quadratic weighted kappa. Results: The overall ICC was 0.86. Cohen's weighted kappa indicated high intra-rater (кw: >0.90) and inter-rater (кw: >0.85) reliability. Conclusions: The revised BFMF 2 had high intra- and interrater reliability. The classification levels could be determined from short video recordings (<5 minutes), using the figures and precise descriptions of the fine motor function levels included in the BFMF 2. Thus, the BFMF 2 may be a feasible and useful classification of fine motor capacity both in research and in clinical practice.
STUDY OF DERMATOGLYPHICS IN CARCINOMA CERVIX

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Priya P Wattamwar, Flat No. A-12, Third floor, Z – galaxy, Near the Jain International school, Shahanoorwadi, Aurangabad, Maharashtra. 431001, Mob. No.: +919764099494 E-Mail: drpriya2907@gmail.com Background: Over the last 40 years or so more than 4000 papers have been written on significance of skin ridge patterns. Many of them are restricted to the study of genetic or congenital disorders. At present, throughout the globe, there are nearly one million women each year getting cervical cancer. Carcinoma cervix is the most common cancer in women in most of the developing countries including India. Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were 90 histopathologically confirmed patients of carcinoma cervix and control group of 90 healthy females ranging from age group 25-65 years. Dermatoglyphic prints were taken by using ink method. Different qualitative parameters like fingertip patterns, patterns in interdigital areas and quantitative parameters which included total finger ridge count (TFRC), a-t-d angle, a-b, b-c, c-d and t-d ridge counts were taken and studied. The data was analyzed by using Chi2 test and student ‘t’ test Results: There was statistically significant decrease in total finger ridge count, a-t-d angle and t-d ridge count in patients of carcinoma cervix compared to the control group. While other parameters like fingertip patterns, interdigital area patterns and or a-b, b-c and c-d ridge counts did not show any statistically significant difference in females having carcinoma cervix. Conclusion: This study has shown certain specific associations between Carcinoma of cervix & ridges like other studies. This study may help in screening of females particularly with risk factors like family history by studying their dermatoglyphics along with other screening tests.
Sarcopenic Obesity: Does Muscle Loss Cause Fat Gain?: Lessons from Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis a

Loss of muscle occurs with normal aging in a process called sarcopenia.1 It also occurs at an accelerated rate in catabolic illnesses even with minimal or no weight loss (cachexia) and most rapidly of all during unintentional weight loss (wasting). We postulated that the mechanisms underlying muscle loss in each of these conditions differ.2 That is, in wasting, the major driving force is negative energy balance, which forces declines in both lean and fat mass. This loss appears to be proportional to the baseline fat content of the person, so that obese people lose more fat, whereas lean persons lose lean mass faster and earlier than those with higher fat stores.3 This is an appropriate adaptation to inadequate energy intake, regardless of whether energy is restricted by lack of food (e.g., starvation), or anorexia (as occurs in many diseases). Muscle loss occurs even in the absence of negative energy balance in cachexia and sarcopenia.4,5 Although many diseases cause both accelerated protein catabolism and anorexia, so that cachexia and wasting occur at the same time, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an example of a disease where energy balance is normal, and, indeed, fat mass is increased. Nevertheless, as we previously showed, production of the catabolic cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is associated with accelerated protein degradation, which can be reduced with resistance exercise training.6 Loss of body cell mass, muscle mass, and strength are important characteristics of RA that may play a role in lowering survival in this disease.7,8 Thus, RA is a useful model of cachexia uncomplicated by wasting. Because malabsorption, liver dysfunction, and renal dysfunction are not normally part of RA, and uniform diagnostic criteria are available, this disease offers an excellent model to study chronic hypercytokinemic cachexia.
The use of dynamic work sharing production methods to reduce the impact of labour turnover in serial assembly lines

Labour turnover is one of the major complications that industry faces on a daily basis. Turnover is particularly harmful to serial assembly lines. The learning process that a new operator must undergo when first introduced to an assembly line station generates blockage and starvation in the previous and successive stations, causing a reduction in the line's throughput. In this paper, we analyse different work allocation strategies for serial assembly line designs in order to determine which designs perform best under the presence of labour turnover and a task-learning process. In particular, we compare the traditional balanced line with two other assembly line designs, a variant of the bucket brigades (BB) and a hybrid method – the modified work sharing (MWS) method. By making a judicious use of control buffers, the MWS method seeks to combine the positive characteristics of both the BB and traditional balanced lines to naturally adapt to different levels of labour turnover. The results presented in this paper show that the MWS outperforms the BB and the balanced designs.
Embryonic brooding and clonal propagation in tropical eastern Pacific cupuladriid bryozoans

Colonial invertebrates often mix sexual and asexual methods of propagation, and a comprehensive understanding of both is required for life history study. The asexual cloning of new colonies in cupuladriid bryozoans is much better studied than the formation of new colonies by sexual reproduction. As such, the relative investments of sexual and asexual modes of propagation remain uncertain. This preliminary study explores patterns of embryonic brooding as a measure of investment into sexual reproduction. We conduct a survey of quantity and arrangement of embryos in tropical eastern Pacific cupuladriid colonies and compare this to the frequency of cloning. Species populations show considerable variation in embryonic brooding. Patterns of brooding, both across and within species strongly support the hypothesis that as cloning increases, investment into sexual reproduction decreases. We find preliminary evidence that individual cupuladriid colonies that propagate sexually may senesce like solitary organisms, while species that regularly clone only appear to experience senescence at the level of the zooid.
Detecting and Explaining Aberrant Responding to the Outcome Questionnaire–45

We applied item response theory based person-fit analysis (PFA) to data of the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45) to investigate the prevalence and causes of aberrant responding in a sample of Dutch clinical outpatients. The l z p person-fit statistic was used to detect misfitting item-score patterns and the standardized residual statistic for identifying the source of the misfit in the item-score patterns identified as misfitting. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict person misfit from clinical diagnosis, OQ-45 total score, and Global Assessment of Functioning code. The l z p statistic classified 12.6% of the item-score patterns as misfitting. Person misfit was positively related to the severity of psychological distress. Furthermore, patients with psychotic disorders, somatoform disorders, or substance-related disorders more likely showed misfit than the baseline group of patients with mood and anxiety disorders. The results suggest that general outcome measures such as the OQ-45 are not equally appropriate for patients with different disorders. Our study emphasizes the importance of person-misfit detection in clinical practice.
Constraint-induced movement therapy promotes motor function recovery and downregulates phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase expression in ischemic brain tissue of rats

Motor function impairment is a common outcome of stroke. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) involving intensive use of the impaired limb while restraining the unaffected limb is widely used to overcome the effects of ′learned non-use′ and improve limb function after stroke. However, the underlying mechanism of CIMT remains unclear. In the present study, rats were randomly divided into a middle cerebral artery occlusion (model) group, a CIMT + model (CIMT) group, or a sham group. Restriction of the affected limb by plaster cast was performed in the CIMT and sham groups. Compared with the model group, CIMT significantly improved the forelimb functional performance in rats. By western blot assay, the expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase in the bilateral cortex and hippocampi of cerebral ischemic rats in the CIMT group was significantly lower than that in the model group, and was similar to sham group levels. These data suggest that functional recovery after CIMT may be related to decreased expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase in the bilateral cortex and hippocampi.
PERK-dependent regulation of lipogenesis during mouse mammary gland development and adipocyte differentiation

The role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulated kinase, PERK, in mammary gland function was assessed through generation of a targeted deletion in mammary epithelium. Characterization revealed that PERK is required for functional maturation of milk-secreting mammary epithelial cells. PERK-dependent signaling contributes to lipogenic differentiation in mammary epithelium, and perk deletion inhibits the sustained expression of lipogenic enzymes FAS, ACL, and SCD1. As a result, mammary tissue has reduced lipid content and the milk produced has altered lipid composition, resulting in attenuated pup growth. Consistent with PERK-dependent regulation of the lipogenic pathway, loss of PERK inhibits expression of FAS, ACL, and SCD1 in immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts when cultured under conditions favoring adipocyte differentiation. These findings implicate PERK as a physiologically relevant regulator of the lipogenic pathway.
Fixing Security Together: Leveraging trust relationships to improve security in organizations

Current approaches to information security focused on deploying security mechanisms, creating policies and communicating those to employees. Little consideration was given to how policies and mechanisms affect trust relationships in an organization, and in turn security behavior. Our analysis of 208 in-depth interviews with employees in two large multinational organizations found two trust relationships: between the organization and its employees (organization-employee trust), and between employees (inter-employee trust). When security interferes with employees’ ability to complete work tasks, they rely on inter-employee trust to overcome those obstacles (e.g. sharing a password with a colleague who is locked out of a system and urgently needs access). Thus, non-compliance is a collaborative action, which develops inter-employee trust further, as employees now become “partners in crime”. The existence of these two relationships also presents employees with a clear dilemma: either try to comply with cumbersome security (and honor organization-employee trust) or help their colleagues by violating security (preserving inter-employee trust). We conclude that designers of security policies and mechanisms need to support both types of trust, and discuss how to leverage trust to achieve effective security protection. This can enhance organizational cooperation to tackle security challenges, provide motivation for employees to behave securely, while also reducing the need for expensive physical and technical security mechanisms
Análise empírica do impacto da adesão aos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa da Bovespa sobre o retorno dos acionistas

A adocao de praticas de governanca corporativa supostamente leva a uma maior transparencia nas politicas, estrategias e acoes empresariais, que resulta na valorizacao dos ativos das empresas que as adotam, principalmente das suas acoes no mercado. Baseado nessa premissa, este artigo analisou o comportamento dos retornos anormais em periodos proximos a adesao de 10 empresas aos Niveis Diferenciados de Governanca Corporativa da Bovespa, ocorrida entre 2001 e 2003, visando avaliar o seu impacto sobre o retorno dos acionistas, isto e, se criou valor para os seus acionistas. Utilizou-se a metodologia de Estudo de Evento e, para o calculo dos retornos anormais, o Modelo de Retornos Ajustados ao Mercado na forma logaritmica. Conclui-se que a adesao das empresas analisadas nao proporcionou, de maneira geral, retornos anormais para seus acionistas, ou seja, nao resultou na criacao de riqueza para estes ultimos.
&bgr;-lactam Resistance, Serotype Distribution, and Genotypes of Meningitis-causing Streptococcus pneumoniae, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Background: Here, we report a laboratory-based study of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from patients with meningitis in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the evolution of &bgr;-lactam resistance, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, serotypes, and genetic diversity of S. pneumoniae, isolated from meningitis patients between 2000 and 2008. Results: A total of 264 S. pneumoniae recovered from patients between 2000 and 2008 were included. Susceptibility testing (E-test) of S. pneumoniae showed resistance to penicillin, ceftriaxone, oxacillin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, ofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin. Penicillin resistance (PEN-R, minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥0.12 &mgr;g/mL) increased from 8% of isolates in 2000–2002, to 12% in 2003–2005, and to 20% in 2006–2008. Ceftriaxone resistance (MIC ≥1.0 &mgr;g/mL) was detected among some PEN-R isolates (13%) from 2004 onward. Within the PEN-R isolates, serotypes that are included in 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine predominated (90%), and resistance was detected mostly in isolates of serotypes 14 (61%), 23F (16%), 6B (10%), and 19F (3%). Multilocus sequence typing showed that 52% of the PEN-R isolates, and 89% of those with MICs ≥0.5 &mgr;g/mL, were sequence type (ST)-156 or single-locus variants of this ST (ST-557 or ST-4388); all of these isolates were serotype 14 and were assigned to the Spain9V-3 clone. Conclusions: &bgr;-lactam resistance increased recently among cerebrospinal fluid isolates and was mainly due to the surge of the ST-4388, a previously undescribed gki single-locus variants of ST-156. Regional surveillance is shown to be essential to provide optimal antimicrobial therapy, monitor highly successful clones, and formulate adequate vaccination strategy.
Effects of Heat

A HUNDRED years ago in the days of that great soldier, Lord Roberts, a medical officer beginning a tour of duty in India could not expect to return home for at least ten years. Indeed, he would have been fortunate to come home at all, for every summer a large number of deaths occurred there from effects of heat, malaria, dysentery, enteric, cholera and plague. It is interesting to note that even in those days it had been observed that new arrivals to the tropics were considerably more susceptible to disease and more especially to summer heat. The loss of life from heat effects was appalling in Mesopotamia during the First World War, and its lessons had to be learnt once again in Paiforce in the early years of the Second World War. Between May and September, 1942, in the Gulf, 2,364 casualties from the effects of heat occurred among our troops, half of them in August and 65 per cent. on board ship or during or shortly after disembarkation.