Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The snapping hip syndrome

The snapping hip syndrome is a symptom complex characterized by hip pain and an audible snapping of the hip with exercise typically seen in young individuals. "External" and "internal" etiologies have been de scribed, although the "internal" etiology is poorly un derstood. A clinical, radiographic, and anatomical study of eight patients with this disorder, secondary to an internal etiology, was undertaken to aid in the diagnosis and surgical treatment. Iliopsoas bursography with cineradiography revealed subluxation of the iliopsoas tendon to be an apparent cause of the snapping hip. The anatomy of the hip in relationship to the iliopsoas tendon is defined with the anterior inferior iliac spine, iliopectineal eminence, and lesser trochanter assuming a significant role in the syndrome. An operative approach involving a partial release and lengthening of the iliopsoas tendon, with minimal resec tion of a lesser trochanteric bony ridge, if involved, is described.
The relationship context of contraceptive use at first intercourse.

CONTEXT Despite widespread efforts to increase contraceptive use to prevent both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases among sexually active adolescents, most prior work examining adolescent contraceptive use does not explicitly recognize that sexual decision-making inherently involves both partners in a couple. METHODS An analytic sample of 1,593 females who first had intercourse during adolescence (prior to age 18) was drawn from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression techniques were used to model the effects of sexual partners' characteristics and relationship type on contraceptive use at first intercourse and contraceptive method selected at first intercourse. RESULTS Approximately 31% of respondents used no contraceptive method at first intercourse. Roughly half (52%) of adolescents who had just met their sexual partner used no method, compared with 24% of those who were going steady. Whereas 75% of teenagers who practiced contraception at first intercourse used a condom, 17% relied on the pill. In multivariate models, net of other variables, adolescents who had just met their partner had 66% lower odds than those who were going steady of practicing contraception at first intercourse. Individual-level factors that influenced contraceptive use at first intercourse were age at first intercourse, race or ethnicity family type, parents' education, grades in school and receipt of birth control education prior to first intercourse. Differences between respondents and their partner in age and race or ethnicity mostly were not significantly related to method use at first intercourse. One exception was that adolescents who first had sex with a man six or more years older had reduced odds of practicing contraception. Type of relationship was significantly associated with method selection only among adolescents who were just friends with their first partner, who had higher odds of using "other" methods rather than the condom. Variables associated with pill use rather than condom use were age at first sex, race, family type, mother's education and school grades. CONCLUSIONS Further efforts to understand contraceptive choice among adolescents should focus on relationship features. Research on the decision-making process surrounding contraceptive use may benefit from treating this as a partner decision and not just as a decision made by one member of the couple. Further research examining the qualities of the relationship may provide important clues for understanding adolescent contraceptive choice.
Where to Hide in Bad Times: Or Should One Still Diversify Internationally?

Among the stylized features of international equity markets is the pronounced asymmetric nonlinear dependence and upward trend in correlations. Such features call into question investors' efforts to diversify internationally. We propose a model to capture those well understood characteristics of international equity index returns. Casting them in a dynamic portfolio problem, we evaluate the gains for a home-biased investor from including foreign assets in her portfolio. We find that accounting for the optimal dynamic demand for hedging on top of a standard mean-variance portfolio policy brings substantial benefits from international portfolio exposure. Such benefits become increasingly sizeable over long investment horizons.
Lipoxygenase-2 oxygenates storage lipids in embryos of germinating barley.

Besides the pre-existing lipoxygenase (LOX-1) present in quiescent grains, a new lipoxygenase (LOX-2) is induced in embryos of germinating barley [Holtman, W. L. , Van Duijn, G. , Sedee, N. J. A. & Douma, A. C. (1996) Plant Physiol. 111, 569-576]. The fact that LOX-1 and LOX-2 form different products after incubation with linoleic acid, the (9S)- and (13S)-hydroperoxides, respectively [Van Aarle, P. G. M. , De Barse, M. M. J., Veldink, G. A. & Vliegenthart, J. F. G. (1991) FEBS Lett. 280, 159-162; Doderer, A. , Kokkelink, I. , Van der Veen, S. , Valk, B. E. , Schram, A. W. & Douma, A. C. (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1120, 97-104], and differ in temporal expression, suggests different physiological functions for the two isoenzymes at the onset of germination. We aimed to obtain more information about these functions by studying the substrate and product specificities of both isoenzymes. Analyses of the products formed from linoleic acid confirmed that LOX-1 oxygenated at C9, and LOX-2 at C13. When testing more complex substrates, it was found that both LOX-1 and LOX-2 were capable of metabolizing esterified fatty acids. Km values from both isoenzymes for free fatty acids were much lower than for esterified fatty acids (7-35-fold for LOX-1 versus 2-8-fold for LOX-2). Interestingly, LOX-1 showed significantly higher Km values for esterified fatty acids than did LOX-2. This was reflected by analyses of the products formed from di- and tri-linoleoylglycerol; LOX-2 formed higher amounts of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids within the esterified lipids than did LOX-1, with a corresponding larger extent of oxygenation. In order to identify potential endogenous substrates, we analyzed free and esterified lipids in total lipid extracts from barley after different periods of germination for LOX-derived products. The results indicated that esterified fatty acids were preferentially metabolized by LOX-2 activity. Analysis of the positional specificity within the lipids after alkaline hydrolysis revealed that only (13S)-hydroxy derivatives were formed, indicating the in vivo action of LOX-2. These data show that LOX-2 is capable of oxygenating storage lipids and suggest that during the onset of germination LOX-2 may be involved in oxygenation of esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids in barley seeds. We suggest that the oxygenation of these lipids precedes the onset of their catabolism and that the degradation product, (9Z,11E,13S)-13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid, serves as an endogenous substrate for beta-oxidation and therefore as a carbon source for the growing barley embryo.
An Empirical Analysis of Capital Structureon Performance of Firms in the PetroleumIndustry in Nigeria

The capital structure decision of a firm is very paramount to its successful operation. The objective of the study was to analyse the impact of capital structure on firm performance in Nigeria from 2003 to 2012. Using data from six petroleum companies in Nigeria namely: Chevron Plc, Conoil Plc, Eterna Oil plc, Mobil Oil Plc, Oando Plc and Total Nigeria Plc. The study carried out a panel data analysis by using fixed effect estimation. The study found that a negative relationship exists between leverage and firm performance and the study established that a positive a relationship exists between three of the explanatory variables (firm’s size, tax and lagged return of asset) and firm performance. The study therefore recommended that the management of the industry should rely more on equity financing as a way of funding their business.
IPO Aftermarket Trading

After-market trading and IPO analysis is critical due to residual uncertainty about the value of stock that some traders can learn and use. Each investor's prospect of winning or losing money in the secondary market is likely to affect their willingness to pay for the shares and consequently the offer. Some after-market trading is based on information that is not captured in company prospectus during the IPO stage. Flipping of IPO shares, which is quickly disposing off of shares acquired during the IPO, is a good indicator of long run performance and subsequent returns to shareholders.
High-Oleic Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food Maintains Docosahexaenoic Acid Status in Severe Malnutrition

Objectives: Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is the preferred treatment for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition. It contains large amounts of linoleic acid and little &agr;-linolenic acid, which may reduce the availability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to the recovering child. A novel high-oleic RUTF (HO-RUTF) was developed with less linoleic acid to determine its effect on DHA and EPA status. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical effectiveness trial treating rural Malawian children with severe acute malnutrition. Children were treated with either HO-RUTF or standard RUTF. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid status was measured on enrollment and after 4 weeks and compared between the 2 intervention groups. Results: Among the 141 children enrolled, 48 of 71 receiving HO-RUTF and 50 of 70 receiving RUTF recovered. Plasma phospholipid samples were analyzed from 43 children consuming HO-RUTF and 35 children consuming RUTF. The change in DHA content during the first 4 weeks was +4% and −25% in the HO-RUTF and RUTF groups, respectively (P = 0.04). For EPA, the change in content was 63% and −24% in the HO-RUTF and RUTF groups, respectively (P < 0.001). For arachidonic acid, the change in content was −3% and 13% in the HO-RUTF and RUTF groups, respectively (P < 0.009). Conclusions: The changes in DHA and EPA seen in the children treated with HO-RUTF warrant further investigation because they suggest that HO-RUTF support improved polyunsaturated fatty acid status, necessary for neural development and recovery.
Obesity, Parent Perceptions, Child Feeding, and Food Security in First Generation Hispanic Families

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationships between parent and child weight status, parental perceptions of weight, child feeding, food insecurity, and acculturation in Hispanic preschoolers and their parents in a southern California school district. Methods: Eighty-five parent-child dyads participated. Height and weight, parental weight perceptions, child feeding, acculturation, and food insecurity data were obtained. Results: Eighty-five percent of parents were born in Mexico, although 94% of their children were born in the US. Eighty percent of parents and 43% of the children were overweight or obese. None of the constructs measured predicted child BMI, although parents significantly underestimated their children's body size. Parents' BMI correlated positively with restrictive child feeding practices, and obese parents pressured their children to eat more than did non-obese parents. Conclusions: Obesity exists disproportionately in Hispanics compared to other ethnic populations. While factors predicting children's weight status are difficult to identify, parents' weight, perceptions of child's weight, adherence to the Hispanic culture, and food insecurity do appear to impact parental concerns and parenting behaviors, particularly restrictive and pressuring-to-eat behaviors. Parental underestimation of their children's weight may hinder behavior change if concerns about unhealthy weight are inaccurate. Interventions should consider parental weight, weight perceptions, and feeding practices.
DEBT, POLICY UNCERTAINTY, AND EXPECTATIONS STABILIZATION

This paper develops a model of policy regime uncertainty and its consequences for stabilizing expectations. Because of learning dynamics, uncertainty about monetary and fiscal policy is shown to restrict, relative to a rational expectations analysis, the set of policies consistent with macroeconomic stability. Anchoring expectations by communicating about monetary and fiscal policy enlarges the set of policies consistent with stability. However, absent anchored fiscal expectations, the advantages from anchoring monetary expectations are smaller the larger is the average level of indebtedness. Finally, even when expectations are stabilized in the long run, the higher are average debt levels the more persistent will be the effects of disturbances out of rational expectations equilibrium.
c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation contributes to reduced connexin43 and development of atrial arrhythmias.

AIMS c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation is implicated in cardiovascular diseases and ageing, which are linked to enhanced propensity to atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the contribution of JNK to AF remains unknown. Thus, we assessed the role of JNK in remodelling of gap junction connexin43 (Cx43) and development of AF. METHODS AND RESULTS AF induction, optical mapping, and biochemical assays were performed in young and aged New Zealand white rabbit left atria (LA) and cultured HL-1 atrial cells. In aged rabbit LA, pacing-induced atrial arrhythmias were dramatically increased and conduction velocity (CV) was significantly slower compared with young controls. Aged rabbit LA contained 120% more activated JNK and 54% less Cx43 than young LA. Young rabbits treated with JNK activator anisomycin also exhibited increased pacing-induced atrial arrhythmias and reduced Cx43 (by 34%), similar to that found in aged LA. In HL-1 cell cultures, anisomycin treatment for 16 h led to 42% reduction in Cx43, 24% reduction in CV, and an increased incidence of irregular rapid spontaneous activities. These effects were prevented by a specific JNK inhibitor, SP600125. Moreover, a 63% reduction in Cx43 after anisomycin treatment for 24 h led to further slowed CV (by 41%) along with dramatically increased irregular rapid spontaneous activity and highly discontinuous conduction. These JNK-induced functional abnormalities were completely reversed by overexpressed exogenous wild-type Cx43, but not by inactive Cx43. CONCLUSION JNK activation contributes to Cx43 reductions that promote development of AF. Modulation of JNK may be a potential novel therapeutic approach to prevent and treat AF.
Subclinical deep venous thrombosis observed in 10% of hemophilic patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery

To cite this article: Hermans C, Hammer F, Lobet S, Lambert C. Subclinical deep venous thrombosis observed in 10% of hemophilic patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 1138–40. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common postoperative complication in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs, such as total hip replacement (THR), total knee replacement (TKR) or hip fracture surgery (HFS). In the absence of thromboprophylaxis, subclinical venous thrombosis rates as high as 60% have been reported when using systematic bilateral phlebography after orthopedic surgery. As a result, routine pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or an alternative antithrombotic agent is strongly recommended in patients undergoing these procedures [1]. With the availability of efficient and safe clotting factor concentrates, THR, TKR as well as ankle arthrodesis are frequently performed in subjects with hemophilia suffering from chronic hemophilic arthropathy [2]. Yet, pharmacological prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in this patient group remains controversial. With the exception of retrospective case reports and small series, the incidence of VTE disease in hemophilic patients after major orthopedic surgery is still unclear. Despite the concern that pharmacological thromboprophylaxis might increase bleeding complications in these patients, no properly sized study has objectively evaluated the need, appropriate timing, dosage and duration of low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis in this
The pre-mRNA binding K protein contains a novel evolutionarily conserved motif.

The K protein is among the major pre-mRNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs) in vertebrate cell nuclei. It binds tenaciously to cytidine-rich sequences and is the major oligo(rC/dC)-binding protein in vertebrate cells. We have cloned a cDNA of the Xenopus laevis hnRNP K and determined its sequence. The X.laevis hnRNP K is a 47 kD protein that is remarkably similar to its human 66 kD counterpart except for two large internal deletions. The sequence of hnRNP K contains a 45 amino acid repeated motif which is almost completely conserved between the X.laevis and human proteins. We found that this repeated motif, the KH motif (for K homology), shows significant homology to several proteins some of which are known nucleic acids binding proteins. The homology is particularly strong with the archeabacterial ribosomal protein S3 and with the saccharomyces cerevisiae protein MER1 which is required for meiosis-specific splicing of the MER 2 transcript. As several of the proteins that contain the KH motif are known to bind RNA, this domain may be involved in RNA binding.
THE OHLSON VALUATION MODEL: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA'S POST-CONSOLIDATION BANKING INDUSTRY

This paper explores the application of a valuation approach that focuses on book values and earnings as two key accounting determinants of stock prices as proposed by Ohlson (1995). This is important to determine the extent of sophistication of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) after the banking consolidation exercise that began in 2004. The consolidation exercise led to a sharp increase in activities on the stock exchange that is critical to banking sustainability. On the other hand, banking sector sustainability is critical to economic development. The research employs Pedroni panel cointegration method to test the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the stock price and accounting data represented by book value and earnings of quoted banks in Nigeria. The results indicate that there is no long-run equilibrium relationship between stock prices and book value plus earnings of banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange during the post-banking consolidation period. The implication of the results reported in this paper is for the Central Bank of Nigeria and the Nigerian Securities and Exchange Commission to pursue transparency in information reporting by firms listed on the Exchange. Another practical implication of the results is that the intense competition among Nigerian banks is a possible explanation for the results.
Understanding metaphors and idioms: A single-case neuropsychological study in a person with Down syndrome

The ability of subject F.F. , diagnosed with Down syndrome, to appreciate nonliteral (interpreting metaphors and idioms) and literal (vocabulary knowledge, including highly specific and unusual items) aspects of language was investigated. F.F. was impaired in understanding both metaphors and idioms, while her phonological, syntactic and lexical–semantic skills were largely preserved. By contrast, some aspects of F.F. 's executive functions and many visuospatial abilities were defective. The suggestion is made that the interpretation of metaphors and idioms is largely independent of that of literal language, preserved in F.F. , and that some executive aspects of working memory and visuospatial and imagery processes may play a role. (JINS, 2001, 7, 516–527.)
Enhanced Transgene Expression from Recombinant Single-Stranded D-Sequence-Substituted Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Human Cell Lines In Vitro and in Murine Hepatocytes In Vivo

ABSTRACT We have previously reported that the removal of a 20-nucleotide sequence, termed the D sequence, from both ends of the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) in the adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) genome significantly impairs rescue, replication, and encapsidation of the viral genomes (X. S. Wang, S. Ponnazhagan, and A. Srivastava, J Mol Biol 250:573–580, 1995; X. S. Wang, S. Ponnazhagan, and A. Srivastava, J Virol 70:1668–1677, 1996). Here we describe that replacement of only one D sequence in either ITR restores each of these functions, but DNA strands of only single polarity are encapsidated in mature progeny virions. Since most commonly used recombinant AAV vectors contain a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which is transcriptionally inactive, efficient transgene expression from AAV vectors is dependent upon viral second-strand DNA synthesis. We have also identified a transcription suppressor sequence in one of the D sequences, which shares homology with the binding site for the cellular NF-κB-repressing factor (NRF). The removal of this D sequence from, and replacement with a sequence containing putative binding sites for transcription factors in, single-stranded AAV (ssAAV) vectors significantly augments transgene expression both in human cell lines in vitro and in murine hepatocytes in vivo. The development of these genome-modified ssAAV vectors has implications not only for the basic biology of AAV but also for the optimal use of these vectors in human gene therapy. IMPORTANCE The results of the studies described here not only have provided novel insights into some of the critical steps in the life cycle of a human virus, the adeno-associated virus (AAV), that causes no known disease but have also led to the development of novel recombinant AAV vectors which are more efficient in allowing increased levels of gene expression. Thus, these studies have significant implications for the potential use of these novel AAV vectors in human gene therapy.
Synthesis of GPR40 targeting 3 H- and 18 F-probes towards selective beta cell imaging.

Diabetes affects an increasing number of patients worldwide and is responsible for a significant rise in healthcare expenses. Imaging of β-cells in vivo is expected to contribute to an improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, improved diagnosis, and development of new treatment options for diabetes. Here, we describe the first radiosyntheses of [3 H]-TAK875 and [18 F]-TAK875 derivatives to be used as β-cell imaging probes addressing the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40). The fluorine-labeled derivative showed similar agonistic activity as TAK875 in a functional assay. The radiosynthesis of the 18 F-labelled tracer 2a was achieved with 16.7 ± 5.7% radiochemical yield in a total synthesis time of 60-70 min.
The Moderating Effect of the Main Bank System in Japan on the Association between Financial Risk and Cost Behavior

This study examines the relationship between financial risk and cost behavior both theoretically and empirically. We suggest that financial risk will affect the degree of discretion of managerial resource adjustment decisions by its impacts on financial flexibility and the cost of capital. As expected, our results show that financial risk increases the degree of cost anti-stickiness in the case of a prior activity decrease. On the other hand, financial risk appears to have no statistically significant influence on cost behavior in the case of a prior activity increase. This result is not consistent with our prediction. This study also examines the moderating effect of the close relationships between firms and banks on the association between financial risk and asymmetric cost behavior by using the data of the main bank system in Japan. The results of the study show that the close ties with main banks will mitigate the adverse impacts of financial risk and enlarge the degree of managerial discretion in adjusting resources in firms with high financial risk.