Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the C34T Polymorphism of the AMPD1 Gene Associated with Athlete Performance in Rowing?

Abstract The skeletal muscle-specific isoform of adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) is one of the most important regulators of muscle energy metabolism. A nonsense C to T transition in nucleotide 34 (C34T) in exon 2 of AMPD1 gene converts the codon CAA into the premature stop-codon TAA. 127 Polish male rowers including Olympic and world champions were recruited for this study. Controls samples were obtained from 251 unrelated volunteers. Statistically significant differences in genotype distribution were observed when only a whole group of rowers (88.19% CC, 11.81% CT, 0% TT; p=0.009) were compared with controls (75.31% CC, 23.10% CT, 1,59% TT). A significant deficiency of the T allele compared to control samples was noted in the elite rowers (4.55%, p=0.021) and non-elite rowers (6.63%, p=0.023), whereas this trend was even stronger when compared with the controls for the whole group of rowers (5.91%, p=0.002). Our results suggest that the T allele is associated with physical performance level, therefore, it may be included in the group of performance altering polymorphisms as a negative factor to athletic performance.
Latent class analysis of lifetime depressive symptoms in the national comorbidity survey.

OBJECTIVE Although clinical trials have documented the importance of identifying individuals with major depression with atypical features, there are fewer epidemiological data. In a prior report, the authors used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify a distinctive atypical depressive subtype; they sought to replicate that finding in the current study. METHOD Using the National Comorbidity Survey data, the authors applied LCA to 14 DSM-III-R major depressive symptoms in the participants' lifetime worst episodes (N=2,836). Validators of class membership included depressive disorder characteristics, syndrome consequences, demography, comorbidity, personality/attitudes, and parental psychiatric history. RESULTS The best-fitting LCA solution had six classes. Four were combinations of atypicality and severity: severe atypical, mild atypical, severe typical, and mild typical. Syndrome severity (severe atypical and typical versus mild atypical and typical classes) was associated with a pronounced pattern of more and longer episodes, worse syndrome consequences, increased psychiatric comorbidity, more deviant personality and attitudes, and parental alcohol/drug use disorder. Syndrome atypicality (severe and mild atypical versus severe and mild typical classes) was associated with decreased syndrome consequences, comorbid conduct disorder and social phobia, higher interpersonal dependency and lower self-esteem, and parental alcohol/drug use disorder. CONCLUSIONS As in prior reports, the atypical subtype of depression can be identified in epidemiological samples and, like typical depression, exists in mild and severe variants. Atypical depressive subtypes were characterized by several distinctive features. However, the correspondence between epidemiologically derived typologies of atypical depression and DSM-IV major depression with atypical features is not yet known.
Nurses' use of an integrated electronic health record: results of a case site analysis

Purpose: To explore how nurses use an integrated Electronic Health Record (EHR) in practice. Methods: A multi-site case study across two hospitals in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Non-participant observation was used to explore nurses' use of the EHR, while semi-structured interviews with nurses and managers explored their perceptions of the EHR and how it affected their practice. Data were analyzed thematically using codes derived deductively from the literature and inductively from the data. Results: Key themes arising from the analysis suggest that the EHR changed various elements of the way nurses practiced. Introducing the EHR was thought to have improved communication, ease of access to information and the safety of medication administration processes. At an organizational level, there was variability in how the EHR was used to support care documentation and initiatives to improve the quality of care provided by nurses. Conclusion: The EHR was perceived to improve efficiency, safety and communication by the majority of nurses who were interviewed. However, it is likely that a number of other factors such as individual nurse's characteristics and organizational culture influence how an EHR can be used effectively to improve outcomes for patients.
Gallstones: Environment, Lifestyle and Genes

Gallstone disease represents one of the most common and costly gastroenterological disorders. In Germany, 0.25% of the population undergo cholecystectomy per year, and cholelithiasis incurs annual medical expenses of more than USD 6.5 billion in the United States. The paradigm of environmental risk factors for gallstones has lately been challenged by genetic studies in experimental models and humans. The analysis of more than 40,000 Swedish twin pairs with gallstones demonstrated that genetic factors account for 25% of the phenotypic variance. Since then, studies employing genome-wide association analysis, case-control cohorts and analysis of sib-pairs in families with gallstones have expanded our knowledge of ‘gallstone genes’. Indeed, gallstone disease phenotypes are likely to result from the complex interaction of genetic factors, chronic overnutrition with carbohydrates, depletion of dietary fibre and other not fully defined environmental factors including physical inactivity and infections. This hypothesis is supported by the profound increases of cholesterol gallstone prevalence rates in Native Americans, post-war European countries and current urban centres in East Asia, all of which were associated with ‘westernized’ nutrition. Herein, we summarise the spectrum of environmental and genetic risk factors which should pave the way to ‘personalised’ strategies for the prevention and therapy of gallstones.
Dose-response studies of intracerebroventricular infusion of aldosterone in sensitized and non-sensitized rats.

We have shown previously that the intracerebroventricular (icvt) infusion of 5 ng/h aldosterone (ALD) in the sensitized rat (one kidney removed, 1% NaCl plus 0.15% KCl solution to drink) produced hypertension similar in amplitude and time of onset to a 100-fold dose administered subcutaneously (s.c.), while a 5-ng/h subcutaneous infusion had no effect on blood pressure (BP). Dose-response studies on the icvt infusion of ALD were carried out in sensitized and non-sensitized (intact, with tap water to drink) male Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR). In both studies, a control group received the diluent, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), icvt. In sensitized rats, the pressures became significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated at day 7 in those receiving 15 ng/h icvt, day 11 in those receiving 5 ng/h icvt and 500 ng/h s.c. and day 18 in those receiving 1.5 ng/h icvt. The indirect systolic BPs at day 20 of infusion were 119 +/- 0.8 (s.e.) mmHg for controls, 182 +/- 5 for 15 ng/h icvt, 140 +/- 2 mmHg for 5 ng/h icvt, 131 +/- 1 mmHg for 1.5 ng/h icvt, 125 +/- 1 mmHg for 0.5 ng/h, and 159 +/- 5 mmHg for 500 ng/h s.c. Recovery (removal of pumps and return to water to drink) for 18 days resulted in the return of normal pressures in all groups except the 15 ng/h, icvt group in which pressures remained slightly, but significantly elevated at 127 +/- 3 mmHg. In non-sensitized rats, the pressures became significantly elevated in animals receiving 45 ng/h icvt and 1 microgram/h s.c. by day 14. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease: a population based prospective cohort study comprising 2416 Danish adults

Background: No population based prospective cohort study has previously assessed the impact of multiple risk factors, including Helicobacter pylori infection, on the incidence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Aims: To identify risk factors for PUD and estimate their relative impact on ulcer incidence. Subjects: Random sample of 2416 Danish adults with no history of PU. Methods: Sample members were interviewed in 1982 and 1994. PUs diagnosed within the observation period were verified through medical records. Information on psychosocial factors, lifestyle practices, and medication was obtained from a questionnaire completed at study entry. H pylori infection status was determined by ELISA. Results: The main risk factors for PUD were H pylori infection (odds ratio 4.3 (95% confidence interval 2.2; 8.3)), tobacco smoking (3.8 (1.7; 9.8)), and use of minor tranquillisers (3.0 (1.4; 6.6)). Intake of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs did not affect the incidence of PUD (0.4 (0.1; 2.3)). In those with increased antibodies to H pylori, tobacco smoking (12.7 (2.8; 56.8)) and intake of spirits (2.4 (1.1; 5.4)) increased the risk of PUD whereas moderate leisure time physical activity (0.3 (0.2; 0.7)) protected against PUD. Conclusions: Tobacco smoking and H pylori infection are the main risk factors for PUD in Danish adults. Physical activity may protect against PUD in those infected with H pylori.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fiber Tractography in Parry-Romberg Syndrome

SUMMARY: We report a case of Parry-Romberg syndrome in a 32-year-old woman presenting with intermittent headache and mild sensory disturbance. MR imaging revealed minimal asymmetric atrophy of the right hemisphere with a few nonspecific white matter hyperintensities. Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography, however, demonstrated clear fiber derangement, especially in the sensory tract of the right cerebral white matter.
Maca: from traditional food crop to energy and libido stimulant.

T he 2 students looked at each other and the enviro nment around them in something approaching disbelief. Only a few weeks before, they had been in the v e rdant Amazonian rain forest, surrounded by tre e s m o re than 100 feet tall, bathed in warmth and copious rainfall. Now they had arrived in an area described as one of the most inhospitable places on the planet, in search of the ro o t s and tubers cultivated there by local farmers. They had trav e l e d for days by train, bus, and, finally, in the back of an ancient tru c k whose driver dropped them off on a dusty road and pointed t ow a rd the peak of a mountain with the admonition, “Walk along t h at trail, and you will find the village of Ninacaca; it is there yo u will find the plants you are interested in. ” The year was 1982, and Harva rd PhD student Calvin Sperling and his assistant, Steven King, slowly followed the tra i l , measuring their steps carefully: the elevation was nearly 130 0 0 feet above sea level. Their cheeks were packed with c o c a l e av e s and lime, as is the local custom, to ward off s o ro c h e , or altitude sickness. This part of the world is cold and very windy, and the mountainous environment is barren, cov e red with rocks and low g rowing plants, most less than a foot tall. In Pe ru, this habitat is k n own as the p u n a , c h a racterized by fre ezing temperat u res and winds strong enough to knock people off their horses. Sperling and King had come to Ninacaca not in search of gold, as had the Spanish Conquistadors a half-c e n t u ry before, but to learn about some of the little-known root crops grown by the people of this region. Characterized by a re p o rt of the Nat i o n a l Re s e a rch Council as “among the world’s worst farmland” b e c a u s e of its climate and terrain, Ninacaca was home to one crop plant t h at had been cultivated with gre at success since precontact times. Maca, as it is called by the Quechua-speaking people of the area, is a low g rowing perennial plant, forming a mat of leaves that are close to the ground—an adaptation to the climate in which it thrives. Maca is in the mustard family (Cr u c i f e ra e) and is know n botanically as Lepidium meyenii, first described by the botanist Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers (1816 -1853). In its cultivated habitat , 12 to 20 leaves arise from a maro o n -b rown root that looks somew h at like a radish. The roots can be up to 8 cm in diameter, and when cut open are white. After harvest, roots are dried in the fre ezing climate, turning gre y -black and shrinking in size to take on the shape of a small fig. This crop is only cultivated in the centra l Pe ruvian highlands, but its wild forms are found in Pe ru, Bolivia, and Argentina. Sperling and King finally reached Ninacaca and began their s e a rch for a farmer to teach them about local agriculture and ro o t c rops. King recalls that day in a conversation in December 2001 :
Structure of iron to 1 Gbar and 40, 000 K.

First-principles calculations show that compression-induced electronic transitions produce a rich phase diagram featuring reentrant stability of the fcc phase with an extremum on the fcc to hcp boundary at 23 Mbar and 19 000 K, conditions similar to those expected at the center of super-Earth exoplanets. Transformations of hcp to fcc at 57 Mbar due to 4s to 3d electron transfer and from fcc to a body-centered structure at 320 Mbar due to hybridization of the 3d with the core 3p band are experimentally observable along a quasi-isentrope generated by laser-induced ramp compression.
Intermittent hypoxia upregulates hepatic heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin-1, thereby limiting hepatic pathogenesis in rats fed a high-fat diet

ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). Intermittent hypoxia (IH) and a high-fat diet (HFD) reproduce SAS and NAFLD, respectively, in rodents. In this study, rats were fed either an HFD or a standard diet (SD) for 2 weeks, and breathed either IH air or normoxic air for 4 days (early phase) or 6 weeks (late phase), with the same diets maintained during the exposure. HFD increased hepatic lipid accumulation, as detected by oil-red staining and triglyceride content. However, IH exposure reversed the hepatic steatosis at the late phase in these HFD-rats. IH exposure also increased hepatic expression of HO-1 and iron-binding protein ferritin-1 at the late phase, in association with increase in serum iron, bilirubin, and hepatic levels of lipid peroxides, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). IH exposure increased serum levels of hemoglobin (Hb) at the early phase and immunofluorescence of Hb and HO-1 in CD68-positive Kupffer cells (KCs) at the late phase. These findings support that IH induces erythrocytosis, erythro-phagocytosis, and generation of Hb in the KCs. The Hb promotes HO-1 expression in KCs, thereby produces iron, bilirubin, and carbon monoxide (CO). The iron would be either sequestrated by ferritin-1, transferred to the bone marrow for erythropoiesis, or would produce hydroxyradicals and HNE in the liver of rats fed an HFD. HNE might also contribute to the upregulation of HO-1, transferrin-1, and IκB, thereby limiting hepatic steatosis and inflammation via inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation.
Public good and private good valuation for waiting time reduction: a laboratory study

In a laboratory experiment, subjects were endowed with money and waiting time. Preferences for waiting time reduction were elicited with salient rewards both as a private good and as a public good. The allocations of the public good that were theoretically predicted by the Nash equilibrium and the Lindahl equilibrium, respectively, were computed from the individual private good valuations and compared with the subjects’ actual contributions. We found a significant positive correlation between private good valuations in terms of willingness-to-pay and public good valuations in terms of voluntary contributions. Group contributions to public waiting time reduction significantly exceeded the non-cooperative prediction and were close to the socially optimal level. However, for a majority of subjects, the Lindahl equilibrium was not able to predict the observed contributions.
Metric and Topological Multivalued Fractals

Applying metric (Banach-like) and topological (Schauder-like) fixed-point theorems, the existence of metric and topological fractals is respectively proved as (sub)invariant subsets of the Hutchinson–Barnsley map generated by a multifunction system. Weakly contractive and compact multifunction systems are considered, but systems of more general multifunctions are discussed as well. The notions of hyperspaces and AR-spaces are employed for this goal.
Understanding User Satisfaction With Instant Messaging: An Empirical Survey Study

The current article examines user satisfaction with instant messaging in building and maintaining social relationships with friends, family members, and others. The research model integrates motivation theory with media capacity theories to explain how the attributes of media capacity (e.g., social presence and media richness) and users' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations toward using instant messaging influence user satisfaction. Data were collected from a sample of 247 Chinese university students via an online survey. The results suggest that perceived enjoyment, perceived social presence, and perceived usefulness are key to user satisfaction. Perceived social presence and perceived media richness are positively associated with perceived enjoyment. It was also found that perceived enjoyment, perceived social presence, and perceived media richness have significant effects on perceived usefulness. Of interest, perceived enjoyment and perceived social presence have stronger effects on user satisfaction than perceived usefulness.
Simulations of gravitational stress on normovolemic and hypovolemic men and women.

BACKGROUND Earth-based simulations of physiologic responses to space mission activities are needed to develop prospective countermeasures. To determine whether upright lower body positive pressure (LBPP) provides a suitable space mission simulation, we investigated the cardiovascular responses of normovolemic and hypovolemic men and women to supine and orthostatic stress induced by head-up tilt (HUT) and upright LBPP, representing standing in lunar, Martian, and Earth gravities. METHODS Six men and six women were tested in normovolemic and hypovolemic (furosemide, intravenous, 0.5 mg x kg(-1)) conditions. Continuous electrocardiogram, blood pressure, segmental bioimpedance, and stroke volume (echocardiography) were recorded supine and at lunar, Martian, and Earth gravities (10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 80 degrees HUT vs. 20%, 40%, and 100% bodyweight upright LBPP), respectively. Cardiovascular responses were assessed from mean values, spectral powers, and spontaneous baroreflex parameters. RESULTS Hypovolemia reduced plasma volume by approximately 10% and stroke volume by approximately 25% at supine, and increasing orthostatic stress resulted in further reductions. Upright LBPP induced more plasma volume losses at simulated lunar and Martian gravities compared with HUT, while both techniques induced comparable central hypovolemia at each stress. Cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress were comparable between HUT and upright LBPP in both normovolemic and hypovolemic conditions; however, hypovolemic blood pressure was greater during standing at 100% bodyweight compared to 80 degree HUT due to a greater increase of total peripheral resistance. CONCLUSIONS The comparable cardiovascular response to HUT and upright LBPP support the use of upright LBPP as a potential model to simulate activity in lunar and Martian gravities.
Specificity of a back muscle exercise machine in healthy and low back pain subjects.

PURPOSE To determine whether dynamic back muscle endurance exercises in a semisitting position induce more fatigue in back muscles than that in hip extensors in healthy controls as well as in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. METHODS Sixteen healthy volunteers and 18 volunteers with nonspecific chronic low back pain performed trunk flexion-extension cycles until exhaustion at 60% of their strength in a machine designed for back exercise in a semisitting position with knees' angle at 135 degrees . The number of cycles and perceived muscle fatigue (Borg CR-10 scale) at five areas (upper and lower back, gluteus, hamstrings, and quadriceps) were used as fatigue criteria. EMG signals were recorded bilaterally on four back muscles, two hip extensors (gluteus maximus and biceps femoris), and the vastus medialis. The slope values of the instantaneous median frequency values computed over time were retained as EMG indices of fatigue. RESULTS The number of cycles was equivalent in healthy controls (n = 23 +/- 13) and patients with back pain (n = 27 +/- 16). EMG indices of fatigue disclosed evidence of muscle fatigue in all the back muscles and the vastus medialis, contrary to hip extensors. EMG revealed significantly more muscle fatigue of lower back muscles, which was further corroborated by the Borg scale assessment. No between-group difference was obtained in any EMG comparison. CONCLUSION These results showed that this type of exercise machine can specifically train the back muscles, and this as much in subjects with nonspecific chronic low back pain as in healthy controls. This has implications for the training of back muscle endurance, especially in patients with back pain for whom poor back muscle endurance is sometimes of concern.
Self-Poisoning in Adolescents

Studies in Great Britain concerning intentional self-harm in adolescents have been few (Haldane and Haider, 1967; Leese, 1969). Such behaviour amongst teenagers is now common, and usually takes the form of self-poisoning with drugs; in fact it is probably becoming commoner, although the reasons for this are not altogether clear. The present survey concerns 50 consecutive patients aged between 14 and 19 years, admitted to the General Hospital, Birmingham, following self-harm behaviour in 1970 and 1971. The lower age limit for the group was determined by hospital admission policy, since children under 14 are admitted elsewhere in the city. All the patients had taken drug overdoses, and none had used other methods of self-harm, such as wrist-slashing. All cases classified as intoxication or poisoning within these age limits admitted to the hospital during the relevant period were scrutinized, and care was taken to make sure that no cases of intentional self-harm were being overlooked amongst so-called accidental poisoning. All patients in the intentional self-poisoning group were interviewed by the psychiatrist within 24 hours of regaining full consciousness. Information was obtained in a standard form covering specific aspects of the history. The parents (when available and willing) were seen either by medical staff or by a social worker in an open-ended interview. The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Raven's Progressive Matrices test were administered by the psychiatrist at a later date, when all drug effects had worn off.