Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Graduate Students as A Survey of Graduate Students as End Users of Computer Technology: End Users of Computer Technology: New Roles for Faculty New Roles for Faculty

This survey research study used an extensive questionnaire to examine the academic computing attitudes, uses, needs and preferences of a sample of over 300 graduate students in four programs of an education department in a northeastern U.S. university. The results demonstrated that, overall, students were positive about the use of computers in their graduate work and used computers frequently for various academic purposes. They had completed instruction in a range of applications and wanted much more computer-related instruction, primarily through university workshops and the integration of computer use in their courses. The study also indicated that age and graduate degree status had little effect on differences found among students on these variables and that gender had no effect. Noteworthy program effects were uncovered. Concluding comments and implications are presented regarding the changing instructional role of faculty in the growing computer climate in higher education.
Nicotinic and muscarinic agonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors stimulate a common pathway to enhance GluN2B-NMDAR responses

Significance The cellular mechanisms by which nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic systems facilitate learning and memory largely remain to be elucidated. This study identified a common signaling pathway stimulated by cognitive-enhancing drugs targeted to nicotinic and m1 muscarinic receptors and acetylcholinesterase. Stimulation of this signaling pathway induces significant increases in glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2B (GluN2B)-containing NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated responses at Schaffer collateral synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region, the most widely studied synapses for a cellular correlate of hippocampus-dependent memory. Because the GluN2B-containing NMDAR is a critical component for long-term potentiation and learning and memory, the identified signaling pathway is most likely involved in the cholinergic control of learning and memory. Thus, targeting components of the pathway may be effective treatment for memory impairment. Nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptor agonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) can enhance cognitive function. However, it is unknown whether a common signaling pathway is involved in the effect. Here, we show that in vivo administration of nicotine, AChEIs, and an m1 muscarinic (m1) agonist increase glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2B (GluN2B)-containing NMDA receptor (NR2B-NMDAR) responses, a necessary component in memory formation, in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, and that coadministration of the m1 antagonist pirenzepine prevents the effect of cholinergic drugs. These observations suggest that the effect of nicotine is secondary to increased release of ACh via the activation of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) and involves m1 receptor activation through ACh. In vitro activation of m1 receptors causes the selective enhancement of NR2B-NMDAR responses in CA1 pyramidal cells, and in vivo exposure to cholinergic drugs occludes the in vitro effect. Furthermore, in vivo exposure to cholinergic drugs suppresses the potentiating effect of Src on NMDAR responses in vitro. These results suggest that exposure to cholinergic drugs maximally stimulates the m1/guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha q/PKC/proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/Src signaling pathway for the potentiation of NMDAR responses in vivo, occluding the in vitro effects of m1 activation and Src. Thus, our results indicate not only that nAChRs, ACh, and m1 receptors are on the same pathway involving Src signaling but also that NR2B-NMDARs are a point of convergence of cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways involved in learning and memory.
he impact of skin diseases on quality of life : multicenter study

Grupo de Investigación Dermatológica (GRID), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia IPS Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Centro de Especialistas del Sur, Bogotá, Colombia Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, Bogotá, Colombia Liga contra el Cáncer de Risaralda, Pereira, Colombia Grupo Colombiano de Psoriasis CoLPsor, Colombia Universidad Libre de Colombia, Seccional Atlántico, Colombia Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Colombia Hospital Erasmo Meoz de Cúcuta, Colombia y Hospital Emiro Quintero Cañizares de Ocaña, Colombia Liga de lucha contra el cáncer, Barranquilla, Colombia Clínica de especialistas -Sogamoso, Boyacá, Colombia Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
The impact of HFE mutations on haemoglobin and iron status in individuals experiencing repeated iron loss through blood donation *

Frequent blood donors become iron deficient. HFE mutations are present in over 30% of donors. A 24‐month study of 888 first time/reactivated donors and 1537 frequent donors measured haemoglobin and iron status to assess how HFE mutations impact the development of iron deficiency erythropoiesis. Donors with two HFE mutations had increased baseline haemoglobin and iron stores as did those with one mutation, albeit to a lesser extent. Over multiple donations haemoglobin and iron status of donors with HFE mutations paralleled those lacking mutations. The prevalence of HFE mutations was not increased in higher intensity donors. Thus, in general, HFE mutations do not temper donation‐induced changes in haemoglobin and iron status. However, in Black donors there was an increase of H63D carriers at baseline, from 3·7% in first time/reactivated donors to 15·8% in frequent donors, suggesting that the relative effects of HFE mutations on iron absorption may vary between racial/ethnic groups. In secondary analyses, venous haemoglobin decreased more slowly in donors with ferritin ≥12 μg/l; and haemoglobin recovery time was shorter in donors with reticulocyte haemoglobin (CHr) ≥32·6 pg, indicating that these biochemical measures are better indicators of a donor’s response to phlebotomy than their HFE mutation status.
Career aspirations and career development barriers of adolescents in Kisumu municipality, Kenya

The purpose of this study is to explore gender differences in adolescents' career aspirations and career development barriers among secondary school students in Kisumu municipality, Kenya. The study was conducted on 348 form four secondary school students. The major findings of this study show that there are certain careers that are preferred by both males and females i.e. investigative and enterprising career types however the realistic career type was mostly chosen by males while the social career type was mostly chosen by females. Academic qualifications and lack of financial resources were found to be the major barriers that prevent the students from aspiring for their dream careers. Males expressed lack of financial resources as the major barrier while females considered academic qualifications as their main barrier to their career development.
Prognostic significance of telomerase-associated parameters in glioblastoma: effect of patient age.

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a heterogeneous, highly aggressive primary brain tumor with strongly variable patient survival. Because reliable prognostic biomarkers are lacking, we investigated the relation between telomerase-associated parameters and the disease course. METHODS Telomerase-associated parameters were determined in 100 GBM tissues and associated with clinical characteristics and overall survival. Expressions of telomere length, telomerase activity (TA), and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) were analyzed by quantitative PCR, telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay, and reverse transcriptase-PCR, respectively. Mutation status of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 was determined by direct sequencing, and O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS Of 100 GBM tissues, 61 were positive for both hTERT mRNA and TA, with a highly significant correlation between both parameters (linear regression, P < .0001). Telomere length determination revealed a significant difference between the hTERT/TA-positive and -negative subgroups, with markedly longer telomeres in the hTERT/TA-negative cohort (unpaired Student's t-test, P = .0001). Accordingly, significantly shorter telomeres were detected in GBM tissues derived from older patients (>60 y at diagnosis, P < .0001). While no association of telomere parameters with MGMT promoter status was found, all tumors with IDH1 mutation (6/100) were negative for both hTERT expression and TA and harbored significantly longer telomeres. Patients with tumors lacking hTERT expression/TA showed a significant survival benefit (Kaplan-Meier test, both P < .01), which, however, was based exclusively on the younger patient subgroup (≤60 y, both P < .005; >60 y, both ns). CONCLUSIONS Telomerase activation is not an independent prognostic parameter in GBM but predicts aggressive tumor behavior solely in a younger patient cohort.
Effect of infrastructure design on commons dilemmas in social−ecological system dynamics

Significance Recent years have witnessed an explosion of interdisciplinary research on social−ecological systems (SESs), which has typically viewed SESs as self-organized systems. This view, however, may be incomplete in that many modern SESs are in fact part designed and part self-organized, i.e., the coupled processes in most SESs are mediated by consciously designed infrastructure. We examined how design features of infrastructure shape the long-term dynamics of SESs, using a model of an irrigation system (an exemplary case of a partly designed SES). We show that two design features common to many SESs—the structure of benefit flows and the scale of effort needed to maintain infrastructure—can induce fundamental changes in qualitative behavior as well as altered robustness characteristics. The use of shared infrastructure to direct natural processes for the benefit of humans has been a central feature of human social organization for millennia. Today, more than ever, people interact with one another and the environment through shared human-made infrastructure (the Internet, transportation, the energy grid, etc.). However, there has been relatively little work on how the design characteristics of shared infrastructure affect the dynamics of social−ecological systems (SESs) and the capacity of groups to solve social dilemmas associated with its provision. Developing such understanding is especially important in the context of global change where design criteria must consider how specific aspects of infrastructure affect the capacity of SESs to maintain vital functions in the face of shocks. Using small-scale irrigated agriculture (the most ancient and ubiquitous example of public infrastructure systems) as a model system, we show that two design features related to scale and the structure of benefit flows can induce fundamental changes in qualitative behavior, i.e., regime shifts. By relating the required maintenance threshold (a design feature related to infrastructure scale) to the incentives facing users under different regimes, our work also provides some general guidance on determinants of robustness of SESs under globalization-related stresses.
Baculovirus resistance in codling moth is virus isolate-dependent and the consequence of a mutation in viral gene pe38

Significance Registered in 34 countries worldwide, Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is a highly important biological agent to control the codling moth in pome fruit production. Since 2005, 38 codling moth field populations resistant to CpGV products containing the Mexican isolate (CpGV-M) were discovered in Europe, and this was the first demonstrated field resistance against commercial baculovirus products. By identifying and sequencing different resistance-breaking CpGV isolates, it was found that resistance of codling moth is directed toward CpGV-M only. As shown by mutation experiments, CpGV-M is prone to resistance because of a 24-nucleotide repeat within the viral gene pe38. Thus, pe38 can be used as a genetic marker to identify resistance-breaking CpGV isolates for resistance management programs. The baculovirus Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is widely applied as a biocontrol agent of codling moth. After field resistance of codling moth populations had been observed against the commercially used Mexican (M) isolate of CpGV, infection experiments of larvae of the resistant codling moth strain CpRR1 showed that several other naturally occurring CpGV isolates (I12, S, E2, and I07) from different geographic origins are still infectious to resistant CpRR1. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of these geographic CpGV variants revealed that their genomes share only a single common difference from that of CpGV-M, which is a mutation coding for a repeat of 24 nucleotides within the gene pe38; this mutation results in an additional repeat of eight amino acids that appears to be inserted to PE38 of CpGV-M only. Deletion of pe38 from CpGV-M totally abolished virus infection in codling moth cells and larvae, demonstrating that it is an essential gene. When the CpGV-M deletion mutant was repaired with pe38 from isolate CpGV-S, which originated from the commercial product Virosoft and is infectious for the resistant codling moth strain CpRR1, the repaired CpGV-M mutant was found to be fully infectious for CpRR1. Repair using pe38 from CpGV-M restored infectivity for the virus in sensitive codling moth strains, but not in CpRR1. Therefore, we conclude that CpGV resistance of codling moth is directed to CpGV-M but not to other virus isolates. The viral gene pe38 is not only essential for the infectivity of CpGV but it is also the key factor in overcoming CpGV resistance in codling moth.
Early post-bevacizumab progression on contrast-enhanced MRI as a prognostic marker for overall survival in recurrent glioblastoma: results from the ACRIN 6677/RTOG 0625 Central Reader Study.

BACKGROUND RTOG 0625/ACRIN 6677 is a multicenter, randomized, phase II trial of bevacizumab with irinotecan or temozolomide in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). This study investigated whether early posttreatment progression on FLAIR or postcontrast MRI assessed by central reading predicts overall survival (OS). METHODS Of 123 enrolled patients, 107 had baseline and at least 1 posttreatment MRI. Two central neuroradiologists serially measured bidimensional (2D) and volumetric (3D) enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images and volume of FLAIR hyperintensity. Progression status on all posttreatment MRIs was determined using Macdonald and RANO imaging threshold criteria, with a third neuroradiologist adjudicating discrepancies of both progression occurrence and timing. For each MRI pulse sequence, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank test were used to compare OS between cases with or without radiologic progression. RESULTS Radiologic progression occurred after 2 chemotherapy cycles (8 weeks) in 9 of 97 (9%), 9 of 73 (12%), and 11 of 98 (11%) 2D-T1, 3D-T1, and FLAIR cases, respectively, and 34 of 80 (43%), 21 of 58 (36%), and 37 of 79 (47%) corresponding cases after 4 cycles (16 weeks). Median OS among patients progressing at 8 or 16 weeks was significantly less than that among nonprogressors, as determined on 2D-T1 (114 vs 278 days and 214 vs 426 days, respectively; P < .0001 for both) and 3D-T1 (117 vs 306 days [P < .0001] and 223 vs 448 days [P = .0003], respectively) but not on FLAIR (201 vs 276 days [P = .38] and 303 vs 321 days [P = .13], respectively). CONCLUSION Early progression on 2D-T1 and 3D-T1, but not FLAIR MRI, after 8 and 16 weeks of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has highly significant prognostic value for OS in recurrent GBM.
Long‐term follow‐up of myelodysplastic syndrome patients with moderate/severe anaemia receiving human recombinant erythropoietin + 13‐cis‐retinoic acid and dihydroxylated vitamin D3: independent positive impact of erythroid response on survival

We previously reported a 60% erythroid response rate with recombinant erythropoietin + 13‐cis retinoic acid + dihydroxylated vitamin D3 in 63 elderly myelodysplastic patients (median age 75 years) with unfavourable features for response to erythropoietin alone [70% transfusion‐dependent, 35% refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts/refractory anaemia with excess of blasts type 1 (RAEB1), 70% with International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) Intermediate‐1 or ‐2]. This report updates that case study at a 7‐year follow‐up, and compared the impact on overall survival of erythroid response to known prognostic factors. The erythroid response duration (median 17 months; 22 in non‐RAEB patients, with 20% patients in response after 6 years of therapy) was longer than in most studies with erythropoietin alone. Overall survival (median 55 months in non‐RAEB, 15 in RAEB1 patients) was negatively affected by RAEB1 diagnosis, IPSS and WPSS intermediate scores and transfusion‐dependence. In the multivariate analysis, erythroid response maintained an independent positive impact on survival, particularly in non‐RAEB patients in the first 3 years from diagnosis (90% survival compared to 50% of non‐responders). In conclusion, the long‐term follow‐up confirmed the achievement, by our combined treatment, of fairly long‐lasting erythroid response in the majority of MDS patients with unfavourable prognostic features for response to erythropoietin: this translated in a survival benefit that was independent from other prognostic features.
XAF1 directs apoptotic switch of p53 signaling through activation of HIPK2 and ZNF313

Significance Epigenetic inactivation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is frequently observed in multiple human malignancies. However, the mechanisms underlying its tumor-suppression function remain largely undefined. Here, we identify XAF1 as a positive feedback regulator of p53, which directs the apoptotic switch of p53 signaling. As a unique transcription target of p53 in signaling apoptosis, XAF1 acts as a competitor of E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 in binding to p53 and thus disrupts the p53–MDM2 regulatory loop. Moreover, XAF1 appears to promote homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2)-mediated p53 phosphorylation by interrupting HIPK2-targeting function of E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah2 and promotes zinc finger protein 313 (ZNF313)-induced p21WAF1 ubiquitination. XAF1 thus represents one critical regulator of p53’s cell-fate decision function, suggesting that restoring the p53–XAF1 feedback loop could be an attractive avenue for the therapeutic intervention of malignant tumor progression. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a tumor suppressor that is frequently inactivated in many human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its growth-inhibitory function remains largely unknown. Here, we report that XAF1 forms a positive feedback loop with p53 and acts as a molecular switch in p53-mediated cell-fate decisions favoring apoptosis over cell-cycle arrest. XAF1 binds directly to the N-terminal proline-rich domain of p53 and thus interferes with E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 binding and ubiquitination of p53. XAF1 stimulates homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2)-mediated Ser-46 phosphorylation of p53 by blocking E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah2 interaction with and ubiquitination of HIPK2. XAF1 also steps up the termination of p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest by activating zinc finger protein 313 (ZNF313), a p21WAF1-targeting ubiquitin E3 ligase. XAF1 interacts with p53, Siah2, and ZNF313 through the zinc finger domains 5, 6, and 7, respectively, and truncated XAF1 isoforms preferentially expressed in cancer cells fail to form a feedback loop with p53. Together, this study uncovers a novel role for XAF1 in p53 stress response, adding a new layer of complexity to the mechanisms by which p53 determines cell-fate decisions.
CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2006-2010.

T he objective of CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2006-2010 is to provide a current comprehensive review of the descriptive epidemiology of primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States population. The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) obtained data on all newly diagnosed primary brain and CNS tumors from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program for diagnosis years 2006-2010. Incidence counts and rates of primary malignant and non-malignant brain and CNS tumors are documented by histology, gender, age, race, and Hispanic ethnicity. Mortality and relative survival rates for selected malignant histologies calculated using SEER data for the period 1995-2010 are also presented.
The gift of therapy : an open letter to a new generation of therapists and their patients

Many people are trying to be smarter every day. How's about you? There are many ways to evoke this case you can find knowledge and lesson everywhere you want. However, it will involve you to get what call as the preferred thing. When you need this kind of sources, the following book can be a great choice. the gift of therapy an open letter to a new generation of therapists and their patients by irvin d yalom is the PDF of the book.
Historical benchmarks for medical therapy trials in surgery- and radiation-refractory meningioma: a RANO review.

BACKGROUND The outcomes of patients with surgery- and radiation-refractory meningiomas treated with medical therapies are poorly defined. Published reports are limited by small patient numbers, selection bias, inclusion of mixed histologic grades and stages of illness, and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria changes. This analysis seeks to define outcome benchmarks for future clinical trial design. METHODS A PubMed literature search was performed for all English language publications on medical therapy for meningioma. Reports were tabulated and analyzed for number of patients, histologic grade, prior therapy, overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and radiographic response. RESULTS Forty-seven publications were identified and divided by histology and prior therapies, including only those that treated patients who were surgery and radiation refractory for further analysis. This included a variety of agents (hydroxyurea, temozolomide, irinotecan, interferon-α, mifepristone, octreotide analogues, megestrol acetate, bevacizumab, imatinib, erlotinib, and gefitinib) from retrospective, pilot, and phase II studies, exploratory arms of other studies, and a single phase III study. The only outcome extractable from all studies was the PFS 6-month rate, and a weighted average was calculated separately for WHO grade I meningioma and combined WHO grade II/III meningioma. For WHO I meningioma, the weighted average PFS-6 was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.3%-37.7%). For WHO II/III meningioma, the weighted average PFS-6 was 26% (95% CI: 19.3%-32.7%). CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive review confirms the poor outcomes of medical therapy for surgery- and radiation-refractory meningioma. We recommend the above PFS-6 benchmarks for future trial design.
Phase‐Transformation Engineering in Cobalt Diselenide Realizing Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution in an Alkaline Medium

Phase-transformation engineering is successfully applied in designing an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst. Benefiting from phase-transformation engineering, which endows higher electrical conductivity, ideal water adsorption energy, and faster transformation efficiency of Hads into hydrogen, cubic-phase CoSe2 realizes an enhanced electrocatalytic activity for HER under alkaline conditions.