Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MR arthrography of the shoulder with gadopentetate dimeglumine: influence of concentration, iodinated contrast material, and time on signal intensity.

OBJECTIVE MR arthrography of the shoulder with gadopentetate dimeglumine has been proved to be valuable in the diagnosis of injuries of the rotator cuff and glenoid labrum. To date, no standard protocol for the concentration of gadopentetate dimeglumine and the volume of iodinated contrast material used for intraarticular injection exists. This study compared the intraarticular signal intensities achieved with three different MR arthrography protocols with respect to the volume of iodinated contrast material, the concentration of gadopentetate dimeglumine, and the interval between injection of contrast material and the MR study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS MR arthrography was performed with three different protocols in 38 patients (26 men, 12 women). Patients examined with protocol 1 received an intraarticular injection of 5 ml of iotrolan and 5 ml of a 5 mmol/l solution of gadopentetate dimeglumine, resulting in a gadopentetate dimeglumine concentration of 2.5 mmol/l. Patients in protocol 2 received only 0.5 ml of iotrolan plus 12 ml of a 10 mmol/l solution of gadopentetate dimeglumine, leading to a 10 mmol/l concentration. The interval between injection and MR imaging for patients in protocols 1 and 2 was 30-45 min. Patients in protocol 3 received an intraarticular injection of 10 ml iotrolan and 1 ml of a 500 mmol/l solution of gadopentetate dimeglumine, resulting in an intraarticular concentration of gadopentetate dimeglumine of 45 mmol/l. MR examinations were performed between 20 and 360 min after administration of contrast material. Patients in protocol 3 had additional conventional and CT arthrography within 30 min after injection. The contrast-to-noise ratio of the intraarticular signal intensity was calculated for all protocols. RESULTS The contrast-to-noise ratio (mean +/- SD) was 22.7 +/- 7.4 for the 2.5 mmol/l solution (protocol 1), 47.5 +/- 11.9 for the 10 mmol/l solution (protocol 2), and 9.9 +/- 3.1 for the 45 mmol/l solution (protocol 3) within 1 hr after injection. For protocol 3, an increase in contrast-to-noise ratio was observed after 90-180 min (53.5 +/- 12.7), followed by a decrease in contrast-to-noise ratio after 180 min (17.1 +/- 8.2). The image quality of conventional, CT, and MR arthrography (90-180 min after injection) was good in all cases of protocol 3. CONCLUSION For MR arthrography performed within 1 hr after injection, protocol 2 is sufficient. The optimal time frame for protocol 3 is between 1.5 and 3 hr after joint puncture. Protocol 3 allows the prior performance of conventional and CT arthrography. Therefore, the addition of 1 ml of a 500 mmol/l solution of gadopentetate dimeglumine to 10 ml of iodinated contrast material is advisable if a subsequent MR study is anticipated.
The IL‐2 Receptor in Hemocytes of the Sea Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk

In the hemolymph of the sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, two different cell types have been found. Rounded (RH) cells display a nucleus that is very large in relation to the cell size; spread (SH) cells have an expanded cytoplasm and multiple granules. We determined by flow cytometry that only the SH cell types express three interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) subunits. Mussel IL‐2Ralpha and IL‐2Rbeta subunits display a molecular weight similar to those in vertebrates tissues, whereas mussel IL‐2Rgamma is smaller than that in vertebrates. Both lipopolysaccharide and IL‐2 induce IL‐2Ralpha expression, and such induction depends on the concentration of both agonists.
Contribution aux inclusions différentielles

En premier lieu, on presente quelques resultats concernant les approximations lipschitziennes et les proprietes de differentiabilite d'une classe d'integrandes et de multifonctions semi continues superieurement; et on donne des applications a l'existence des solutions absolument continues des equations differentielles a contraintes sur l'etat. En second lieu, on introduit le retard. Il s'agit, la encore, des resultats de viabilite mais pour des inclusions a memoire avec contraintes sur l'etat. Ensuite, on s'interesse a quelques problemes de la rafle du second ordre en utilisant des theoremes de point fixe. Enfin, la derniere partie est consacree a l'etude d'un probleme perturbe de la rafle du premier ordre mais ou la perturbation est semi continue superieurement et a valeurs non necessairement convexes
Generation of slow waves in membrane potential is an intrinsic property of interstitial cells of Cajal

Lee, Jonathan C. F. , Lars Thuneberg, Irene Berezin, and Jan D. Huizinga. Generation of slow waves in membrane potential is an intrinsic property of interstitial cells of Cajal. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 40): G409–G423, 1999. —To reveal the unique intrinsic properties of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of isolated ICC from the adult mouse small intestine were investigated and compared with those of smooth muscle cells. All typical ultrastructural features of in situ ICC were evident in isolated ICC throughout the isolation procedure and short-term culture. With the use of the nystatin perforated patch-clamp technique, ICC demonstrated spontaneous voltage oscillations that were not abolished by hyperpolarization nor by L-type calcium channel blockers. This rhythmic activity occurred at room temperature at a frequency of 13.9 6 11.2 cycles/min, with an amplitude of 13.4 6 11.2 mV at membrane potentials from 220 to 270 mV. Smooth muscle cells from the same culture only generated voltage-sensitive action potentials above the threshold potential of 235 mV. Hyperpolarization as well as the addition of L-type calcium channel blockers abolished the action potentials. In whole cell voltage-clamp recordings from ICC, a large noninactivating outward current was observed to be activated (5% threshold) at 249.6 mV with a halfactivation voltage of 218.7 mV and slope factor of 9.9 mV. In contrast, in smooth muscle cells, smaller outward currents with distinctive transient outward currents were present. In conclusion, the generation of L-type calcium channel blockerinsensitive slow waves in membrane potential is a unique intrinsic property of ICC.
HIV infection and the fronto–striatal system: a systematic review and meta-analysis of fMRI studies

Functional MRI studies investigating the impact of HIV on the brain have implicated the involvement of fronto–striatal circuitry. However, to date there is no review and meta-analysis of this work. We systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in HIV-infected individuals using a well validated tool recently developed for use in fMRI, ‘GingerALE’. Twenty-one studies (468 HIV+, 270 HIV− controls) were qualitatively reviewed, of which six (105 HIV+, 102 controls) utilized fMRI paradigms engaging the fronto–striatal–parietal network, making a quantitative analysis possible. Our meta-analysis revealed consistent functional differences in the left inferior frontal gyrus and caudate nucleus between infected participants and controls across these studies. This fronto–striatal dysfunction was qualitatively related to cognitive impairment, disease progression and treatment effects. Although further work needs to be done to further delineate the potentially confounding influence of substance abuse and HIV-related comorbidities, as well as HIV's effect on functional haemodynamic vascular coupling, these findings indicate that further investigation of the fronto–striatal sub-networks in HIV-infected patients is warranted.
The effects of performance systems and management concepts on organisational performance in the public sector in Denmark

This paper explores how different types and groups of performance systems and management concepts explain the cross-sectional variations of organisational performance within the public sector. We apply a structural equation modelling approach to survey data from 318 respondents in the Danish municipal sector. We argue that links exist between different types of performance systems and a number of performance outcomes. More specifically, we explore how different performance measures such as benchmarking, employee significance, innovation, accounting models and systems, strategy execution and cost allocation directly or indirectly affect performance. In particular, our data suggests that the association between adoption of accounting systems and performance is fully mediated through both strategy execution and cost allocation. Practitioners can improve specifications for examining the effects of different measures and gain an understanding of the mediating effects of accounting and management concepts. These findings add to our understanding of the functioning of performance management systems within the public sector in theory as well as in practice.
Morphological influence of ascorbic acid deficiency on endochondral ossification in osteogenic disorder Shionogi rat

The influences of chronic deficiency of L‐ascorbic acid (AsA) on the differentiation of osteo‐chondrogenic cells and the process of endochondral ossification were examined in the mandibular condyle and the tibial epiphysis and metaphysis by using Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi (ODS) rats that bear an inborn deficiency of L‐gulonolactone oxidase. Weanling male rats were kept on an AsA‐free diet for up to 4 weeks, until the symptoms of scurvy became evident. The tibiae and condylar processes of scorbutic rats displayed undersized and distorted profiles with thin cortical and scanty cancellous bones. In these scorbutic bones, the osteoblasts showed characteristic expanded round profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and lay on the bone surface where the osteoid layer was missing. Trabeculae formation was deadlocked, although calcification of the cartilage matrix proceeded in both types of bone. Scorbutic condylar cartilage showed severe disorganization of cell zones, such as unusual thickening of the calcification zone, whereas the tibial cartilage showed no particular alterations (except for a moderately decreased population of chondrocytes). In condylar cartilage, hypertrophic chondrocytes were encased in a thickened calcification zone, and groups of nonhypertrophic chondrocytes occasionally formed cell nests surrounded by a metachromatic matrix in the hypertrophic cell zone. These results indicate that during endochondral ossification, chronic AsA deficiency depresses osteoblast function and disturbs the differentiation pathway of chondrocytes. The influence of scurvy on mandibular condyle cartilage is different from that on articular and epiphyseal cartilage of the tibia, suggesting that AsA plays different roles in endochondral ossification in the mandibular condyle and long bones. Anat Rec 268:93–104, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Use of Media Technologies in Long-Distance Relationships

Communication technologies have helped reduce personal distances and stay connected. This study pursued the following questions: What are the most popular media used to communicate in long-distance relationships? Are those in long-distance relationships more likely to use rich or lean media? Do family, friends, and romantic partners differ in their selection of media? Instant Messaging, social media (Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat), telephone (cellular, mobile, or landline), online video chat, online audio chat, SMS, and regular mail were the most used media. Respondents were significantly more likely to use rich media. Romantic partners were more likely than either family or friends to use Instant messaging, the telephone, audio chat, and video chat. Additional findings are presented.
Is Every Tweet Created Equal? A Framework to Identify Relevant Tweets for Business Research

IS EVERY TWEET CREATED EQUAL? A FRAMEWORK TO IDENTIFY RELEVANT TWEETS FOR BUSINESS RESEARCH Thad Chee Old Dominion University, 2017 Directory: Dr. Ling Li It is a life or death matter for a firm to observe its environment and identify new threats or opportunities quickly. Information technology has increased firm’s speed and agility in responding to environmental changes. Social media offers a vast and timely source of environmental information that firms can readily use gauge public sentiment. Twitter is a highspeed service that allows anyone to “tweet” a message to any interested parties. Firms can access near instantaneous changes in the public mood about any topic by using Sentiment Analysis. These topics range from predicting equities prices to predicting election outcomes. A gap exists in the literature because researchers discard tweets without any theoretically sound reason for doing so. We propose a framework that provides a theory-based justification for discarding data. We then explore the framework results using high frequency equity market prices. By examining the results of three case studies encompassing 57,600 OLS regressions and 1,887,408 tweets, our results indicate the framework yields higher quality results as measured by better R fits.
Small Firm Adaptive Capability, Competitive Strategy, and Performance Outcomes: Competing Mediation vs. Moderation Perspectives

In small firms, adaptive capability exercises a handling grip on competitive strategy for superior performance primarily acting as a mediator and may offset, through attenuation, the adverse impact of limited resources. Besides exercising a handling grip on competitive strategy adaptive capability is more important than competitive strategy per se for superior performance. Adaptive capability simultaneously undertakes additional secondary roles reinforcing innovation competitive strategy for innovation related outcomes. Adaptive capability reflects managerial proficiency for competitive actions which is why it may offset, through attenuation, the adverse impact of small firm limited resources.
Clinical validation of the Multidimensional Assessment of Pain Scale

Background: The Multidimensional Assessment Pain Scale (MAPS), was developed to measure postoperative pain in critically ill preverbal children. Following preliminary psychometric testing, additional validation of this 5‐category 10‐point scale was required. This article reports the results of a follow‐up validation study that aimed to evaluate the clinical validity and utility of the MAPS.
Shape-adaptive DCT with block-based DC separation and ΔDC correction

This paper refers to a shape-adaptive DCT algorithm (SA-DCT) originally proposed by Sikora and Makai (see ibid., vol.5, p.59-62, 1995). The SA-DCT has been developed in the framework of the ongoing MPEG-4 standardization phase of ISO/IEC, and has been included in the video verification model of MPEG-4. In this context, the focus of the paper is to emphasize a systematic performance limitation of conventional SA-DCT, and to propose an extended version (/spl Delta/DC-SA-DCT) which avoids this restriction in general. This modification considerably improves the efficiency of SA-DCT, and can easily be implemented in existing SA-DCT tools.
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (GCG) TERHADAP KUALITAS LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI 2015 - 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ukuran dewan komisaris berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015 – 2017. Untuk mengetahui komite audit berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015 – 2017. Untuk mengetahui kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015 – 2017.Untuk mengetahui kepemilikan manajerial berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015 – 2017.Sampel dalampenleitian ini perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI 2015-2017.Berdasarkan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ukuran dewan komisaris tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba. Komite audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba. Kepemilikan institusi berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba.Kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba.
Effect of supplemental methionine, choline and their combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers

1. A study was conducted with broilers to find out the effect of addition of methionine (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g/kg) and choline (0.0, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) to a basal diet containing crude protein, 221 g/kg, ME, 12.25 MJ/kg, methionine, 3.6 g/kg and choline, 1300 mg/kg. 2. Supplemental levels of methionine and choline were found to be ineffective in improving the growth, food consumption and food conversion efficiency of broilers. 3. However, a higher value for leucocyte migration inhibition was observed in chicks fed on the diet containing 6.5 g/kg methionine and 1300 mg/kg choline, indicating a significantly improved cellular immune response. 4. HI test and ELISA indicated enhanced antibody titres in chicks receiving 3.0 g/kg methionine and 3300 mg/kg choline, showing a significantly better humoral immune response. 5. Methionine and choline should be supplemented at levels higher than the recommended level of BIS for better health and production in chicks.
Natural killer cell activity and frequency of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors in children with different forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has three major onset types with widely varying clinical features: systemic, polyarticular and pauciarticular. We assessed natural killer (NK) cell function and killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genotypes in patients with different JIA subtypes.
Creating An Environment Conducive For Developing Customer Commitment: Does Shock Intensity Make A Difference?

Customer relationship management has become more important than ever before, especially since service providers are faced with increased competition. It is not surprising to find that both marketing academics and practitioners are progressively confronted by the challenge to create new and innovative ways to manage relationships with customers. Although relationship management entails managing a vast number of dimensions, customer commitment is often viewed as one of the most important elements of any marketing relationship. Given this importance, service providers need to provide services in line with the promises made to customers. Service providers also need to strive towards creating an environment in which customers feel comfortable and free from unexpected changes. The reality is that no service is fail-safe, resulting in a situation where customers are frequently confronted with negative experiences. These negative experiences are often referred to as relational shocks.It was against this background that this study investigated the influence that varying levels of relational shocks might have on customer commitment. Three experiments were conducted. In each of the experiments, respondents were exposed to a different shock scenario, namely a low, a medium or a high shock scenario. A total of 372 Generation Y respondents participated, and the mobile phone industry was selected as context for the study. Data were analysed by means of SPSS Statistics version 25, and a one-way ANOVA was performed to examine possible differences. The results of the study revealed that the three different levels of relational shocks indeed influenced customer commitment, but not all three types of commitment (affective, calculative and normative) were influenced equally. The study also highlighted the importance of limiting relational shocks in general to improve customer commitment. However, the major contribution of the study is that it is the first of its kind, as far as could be ascertained, to investigate the effect of different levels of relational shock on customer commitment, specifically from a mobile phone perspective.
Consultation and the outcome of shoulder-neck pain: a cohort study in the population.

OBJECTIVE Despite the high prevalence of shoulder-neck pain in the community, and the fact that it is commonly a persistent and disabling condition, only a minority of sufferers seek medical help. We investigated the association between primary care consultation and subsequent outcome in a cohort of shoulder-neck pain sufferers. METHODS A population with unilateral shoulder-neck pain was identified by a questionnaire mailed to 4002 adults randomly selected from the register of one family practice. Subjects were asked to shade areas of pain on a blank manikin, and give demographic details and scales of pain, anxiety, and depression. For the following 2 years, general practitioner (GP) consultations for shoulder and neck problems were determined using the practice database. The persistence of pain and degree of shoulder-specific disability, as well as general health status using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), were assessed by means of a second postal survey at 2 years' followup. RESULTS Three hundred four subjects (11.7% of questionnaire responders) had unilateral shoulder-neck pain at baseline, and 224 were included in the study analyses. Of these, 47 (21%) consulted their GP for shoulder-neck problems over the 2 years. Of the 47 consulters, 36 (77%) reported shoulder-neck pain at followup; this was a higher percentage than that for nonconsulters (RRadjusted = 1.3). Among all subjects with persistent shoulder-neck pain, consulters were more likely than nonconsulters to have shoulder related disability at followup (RRadjusted = 1.6). On average, consulters had more pain and lower levels of physical functioning at followup than nonconsulters as measured by the SF-36. CONCLUSION The minority of shoulder-neck pain sufferers who consult a primary care practitioner do not have better subsequent pain and disability outcomes than those who do not consult. Our findings raise questions about the current influence of medical care on the natural history of this condition.
Municipal funding mechanism and development process : a case study of Tehran

In the late 1980s, Tehran municipality became financially independent from central government. As a result, the municipality utilised innovative tools to finance the city, such as granting excess construction density to developers, which enabled them to construct taller buildings in exchange for a fee. This financing tool has generated a significant amount of money for the municipality and boosted the housing construction sector but it was the first step towards relaxing planning regulations and giving power to developers to pursue their agendas. The aim of this research is to investigate the impacts of municipal fiscal decentralisation on the development process and planning system of Tehran. The general orientation of this research is qualitative strategy. Primary data was collected by conducting 47 semi-structured interviews with housing developers and planners within both the public and private sectors in Tehran. In order to understand the interest and strategies of housing developers, interviews were conducted with developers working as individual developers or as construction companies. To collect data on various aspects of planning and financing the city, interviews were carried out with key informants who are, or used to be, members or officers of relevant departments in the government or other institutions. By careful analysis of the collected data on the behind the scenes of development and planning process in Tehran, this study argues that the financial dependence of Tehran Municipality on incomes generated from construction density charges, payable by housing construction developers, has resulted in the occurrence of a certain type of market-led growth in specific areas of the city. Although attempts have been made to harness this market-led growth by introducing a new plan for the city this has led to massive alterations and interventions intended to secure the benefit of developers and the municipality’s income. Without providing an alternative source of income for the Tehran Municipality it is unlikely to have much success in planning for Tehran.