Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of individual mandibular changes induced by functional jaw orthopedics followed by fixed appliances in Class II patients.

OBJECTIVE To identify pretreatment cephalometric variables for the prediction of individual mandibular outcomes of functional jaw orthopedics (FJO) followed by fixed appliances in Class II patients treated at the peak in mandibular growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed on 51 subjects (24 females, 27 males) with Class II malocclusion. First-phase therapy was accomplished with a twin block in 16 subjects, a stainless steel crown Herbst in 15 subjects, and an acrylic splint Herbst in 20 subjects. Lateral cephalograms were available at the start of treatment with FJO and at the completion of fixed appliance therapy. All subjects received FJO at the peak in mandibular growth (CS 3 at T1). Individual responsiveness to Class II treatment including FJO was defined on the basis of the T2-T1 increment in total mandibular length (Co-Gn) when compared with untreated Class II subjects. RESULTS Discriminant analysis identified a single predictive parameter (Co-Go-Me degrees) with a classification power of 80%. Pretreatment vertical and sagittal parameters were not able to improve the prediction based upon the mandibular angle. CONCLUSIONS A Class II patient at the peak in skeletal maturation (CS 3) with a pretreatment Co-Go-Me degrees smaller than 125.5 degrees is expected to respond favorably to treatment including FJO. A Class II patient at CS 3 with a pretreatment value for Co-Go-Me degrees greater than 125.5 degrees is expected to respond poorly to treatment including FJO.
The Nrf2–ARE cytoprotective pathway in astrocytes

The expression of phase-II detoxification and antioxidant enzymes is governed by a cis-acting regulatory element named the antioxidant response element (ARE). ARE-containing genes are regulated by the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a member of the Cap'n'Collar basic-leucine-zipper family of transcription factors. ARE-regulated genes are preferentially activated in astrocytes, which consequently have more efficient detoxification and antioxidant defences than neurons. Astrocytes closely interact with neurons to provide structural, metabolic and trophic support, as well as actively participating in the modulation of neuronal excitability and neurotransmission. Therefore, functional alterations in astrocytes can shape the interaction with surrounding cells, such as neurons and microglia. Activation of Nrf2 in astrocytes protects neurons from a wide array of insults in different in vitro and in vivo paradigms, confirming the role of astrocytes in determining the vulnerability of neurons to noxious stimuli. Here, we review the current data supporting Nrf2 activation in astrocytes as a viable therapeutic approach, not only in acute neuronal damage, but also in chronic neurodegeneration related to oxidative stress.
Thyrotropin levels within the lower normal range are associated with an increased risk of hip fractures in euthyroid women, but not men, over the age of 65 years.

CONTEXT The contemporary literature on the relationship between serum TSH levels and osteoporotic fractures in euthyroid individuals is limited by conflicting results and analyses conducted on a small number of fractures. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the association between the normal range of variation of TSH and the incidence of hip fractures in male and female euthyroid patients aged 65 years or older. DESIGN AND SETTING We performed a population-based historical prospective cohort study within the Clalit Health Services population. PARTICIPANTS Clalit Health Services members aged ≥65 years with at least 1 TSH measurement during the year 2004. We excluded patients with preexisting hip fracture, thyroid disease, malignancy, or chronic kidney disease. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was hip fracture, and the secondary outcome was any other osteoporotic fracture. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Adjusted odds ratios comparing episodes of each outcome across 3 TSH groups (low, 0.35-1.6 mIU/L; intermediate, 1.7-2.9 mIU/L; high, 3-4.2 mIU/L) were generated using logistic regression models. RESULTS The 14 325 included participants suffered from 514 hip fractures (mean follow-up, 102 ± 3 months). Women, but not men, in the lowest TSH group had a higher incidence of hip fractures (odds ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.59, P = .029) when compared with the intermediate group, after multivariate adjustment for age, comorbidities, and use of drugs affecting bone metabolism. There was no difference in hip fracture incidence between intermediate- and high-TSH groups. No association was found between TSH levels and other osteoporotic fractures. CONCLUSIONS TSH levels within the lower normal range are associated with an increased risk of hip fractures in euthyroid women, but not men, aged 65 years and more.
Noninvasive Estimation of Aortic Valve Areas in Children with Aortic Stenosis

ABSTRACT. Fifteen children with aortic stenosis were examined with Echo‐Doppler cardiography in order to evaluate the use of the continuity equation to calculate the aortic valve area. The results were compared to invasive estimates of valve area calculated with the Gorlin's equation. A close correlation between the two methods, r=0.94, was found and it is concluded that even in children an accurate estimate of valve area can be expected with the use of the continuity equation.
Biochemistry and histology of the connective tissue of Dupuytren's disease lesions

Abstract. When compared to age‐matched control aponeurosis, lesions of Dupuytren's disease contain higher contents of water, collagen and chondroitin‐sulphate, as well as increased proportions of soluble collagen and of reducible cross‐links; these indicate synthesis of new collagen. The lesions show also increased amounts of type III collagen and an increased hydroxylation and glycosylation of the reducible cross‐links. All these parameters are characteristic of granulation and scar tissues. Type III collagen was located by means of immunofluorescence on thin argyrophilic fibres and also within the large fibre bundles which appeared to be disrupted into microbun‐dles. The increase of type III collagen and the presence of myofibroblasts in the apparently unaffected aponeurosis show that the disease is widespread and suggest that it is initiated within the aponeurosis and propagated by the cells migrating along the collagen bundles.
Pre-hypertension independent deleterious effects in Body system

Abstract There is clear indication that prehypertension is the state of persistent blood pressure of being (120-139 mmHg/80-89 mmHg) or named pseudohypertensionis is a significant marker that certainly progresses to develop incident hypertension >140-159/ 80-89 that causes cardiovascular risk. Therefore it became essential to prevent this progression so that incident hypertension be precluded but it is brainy if we research on the independent harmful effects of this pre-hypertension on the body system and therefore be aware of possible interventional impingement salvage effectively to the body system in the absence of cardiovascular or other secondary disease. This miniri reveiw will focus independent deleterious effect of prehypertension in the body system architectural and functioning, in the absence of co-morbid state. key words. : Prehypertension,Cardiovascucar risk ,Indepedent effect.
Direct Conversion of Graphite to Diamond in Static Pressure Apparatus.

Static pressure apparatus has been developed which is capable of pressures up to 200 kbar and transient temperatures up to about 5000°K, using an electric flash‐heating technique. At pressures above about 125 kbar and temperatures in the 3000°K range it is found that graphite spontaneously collapses completely to polycrystalline diamond which may be retrieved quantitatively. The threshold temperature of the transformation is several hundred degrees lower than the melting temperature of graphite. The diamond/graphite/liquid triple point is found to be located at about 125 (+10, —0) kbar and 4100 (±200)°K. The shock compression results of DeCarli and Jamieson, and of Alder and Christian, are linked with the present results to construct a phase diagram of carbon extending to 5000°K and 800 kbar.
Improvement of kink-free output power by using highly resistive regions in both sides of the ridge stripe for 980-nm laser diodes

Suppressing the lateral expansion of driving current by forming highly resistive regions at both sides of the ridge stripe in ridge-waveguide-type 980-nm laser diodes leads to an enhanced kink-free output power. The highly resistive regions are formed by hydrogen passivation of p-type carrier (Zn) on the plasma exposure in a mixture gas of methane and hydrogen. A simulation predicted a decrease in local gain in the lateral direction at both sides of the ridge stripe. Fabricated laser diodes with the highly resistive regions exhibit kink-free output power of over 500 mW, showing an increase in kink-free power of 85 mW on average with an increase of slope efficiency of about 10% compared to those without highly resistive regions.
Functional and biosynthetic changes in endothelial cells of vessels in chronically inflamed tissues: Evidence for endothelial control of lymphocyte entry into diseased tissues

In vitro lymphocyte adhesion to, and selective radiosulphate uptake by, endothelial cells has been demonstrated in chronically inflamed tissues of patients with peptic ulceration, rheumatoid disease, pilonidal sinus, autoimmune thyroiditis, polymyositis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and pyelonephritis. These characteristics have been described previously in endothelial cells functionally specialized for promoting lymphocyte traffic from blood to lymph node parenchyma. It is suggested that these observations indicate that some vessels in inflamed tissues may be, at least in part, responsible for the selective accumulation of lymphocytes within the tissue. Manipulating the development of this type of vessel may offer a novel way of influencing the progress of inflammatory disorders.
Leernetwerken; kennisdeling, kennisontwikkeling en de leerprocessen

Sloep, P. B. , Van der Klink, M. , Brouns, F. , Van Bruggen, J., & Didderen, W. (Eds.) (2011). Leernetwerken; Kennisdeling, kennisontwikkeling en de leerprocessen. Houten, Nederland: Bohn, Stafleu, Van Loghum.
Arterial variations of the upper extremities

During the dissection of the right and left upper limbs of a 70-year-old female cadaver, we encountered combined vascular anomalies. On the left side, we observed the presence of a lateral inferior superficial brachial artery, large anterior interosseous artery and an absence of a radial artery, which is quite a rare anomaly. The lateral inferior superficial brachial artery that arose 39 mm distal to the brachial artery descended to the wrist. The anterior interosseous artery originated from the brachial artery at the level of 12 mm distal to the head of the radius and descended on the anterior aspect of the interosseous membrane with the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve. On the right side, a trifurcation of the brachial artery was observed. It gave off three terminal branches: the radial, ulnar and a muscular artery at the proximal one-third of the humerus. It is obvious that accurate information concerning unusual patterns of the arteries in the upper limbs is relevant clinically, especially in order to avoid accidental injury or intra-arterial injection.
Lohnstruktur und Lohndifferenzierung in der DDR : Ergebnisse der Lohndatenerfassung vom September 1988

"In den Jahren 1984 und 1988 erfolgten in der DDR umfassende Lohndatenerhebungen, vorwiegend in der Industrie. Die Stichmonatserhebung vom September 1988 erfaste personenbezogene Lohndaten und weitere damit korrespondierende Angaben von 2,4 Mio. Beschaftigten. Das Ziel bestand darin, fur die zentrale Planwirtschaft nutzbare Aussagen zur Lohnhohe und Lohnzusammensetzung der Produktionsarbeiter, Meister, Hoch- und Fachschulkader, technisch-okonomischen Fachkrafte und anderer Beschaftigtengruppen zu gewinnen. Die Auswertung beschrankte sich auf die administrativen Gliederungen - die Ministerien. Untersuchungen zu regionalen Lohnverteilungen gab es nicht. Bis Ende 1989 waren in der DDR Veroffentlichungen zum Lohn verboten. Mit diesem Beitrag soll deshalb ein gestraffter Uberblick uber die Entlohnungssituation in der Industrie am Beispiel der wichtigsten Beschaftigtengruppen vermittelt werden. Soweit es trotz unterschiedlicher Strukturen und Zuordnungen vertretbar erscheint, werden Vergleiche zu den alten Bundeslandern hergestellt, um auf wesentliche Unterschiede hinzuweisen. Die Lohnrelationen zwischen den Beschaftigtengruppen in der DDR waren stark nivelliert. Hoch- und Fachschulkader verdienten netto nur ca. 15 % mehr als Produktionsarbeiter, in den alten Bundeslandern bis zu 70 %. Im Vergleich zu den alten Bundeslandern waren die Verdienstunterschiede zwischen den Bereichen bzw. Branchen mit ca. 150 M/Monat gering. Erheblichen Einflus auf die Lohnhohe hatten mit einem Anteil bis zu 30 % am Bruttolohn die Schichtzuschlage fur Schichtarbeiter in durchgehenden Schichtsystemen. Entgegen fruheren offiziellen Darstellungen gab es auch in der DDR ein Lohngefalle zwischen Frauen und Mannern. Die Frauen verdienten im Durchschnitt ca. 16 % weniger als die Manner, weil sie haufig die weniger qualifizierten Arbeiten ausfuhrten. Ihre Position war allerdings besser als in den alten Bundeslandern, wo das Lohnniveau der Frauen etwa 30 % unter dem der Manner liegt. " (Autorenreferat)
Subclinical diastolic dysfunction in young adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multiparametric contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance pilot study assessing potential mechanisms.

AIMS To assess the cardiac, vascular, anthropometric, and biochemical determinants of subclinical diastolic dysfunction in younger adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using multiparametric contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty adults <40 years with T2DM [mean age 31.8(6.6) years, T2DM duration 4.7(4.0) years] and 20 age and sex-matched controls [10 obese non-diabetic controls and 10 lean controls (LC)] were studied. Cardiac volumes and function, circumferential strain and peak early diastolic strain rate (PEDSR), myocardial perfusion reserve, aortic stiffness (distensibility, pulse-wave velocity), focal fibrosis on late gadolinium enhancement, and pre- and post-contrast T1 mapping for contrast agent partition coefficient (subset, n = 26) were determined by CMR. In the T2DM cohort, mean aortic distensibility correlated with PEDSR (r = 0.564, P = 0.023) and diabetes duration correlated inversely with PEDSR (r = -0.534, P = 0.015) on univariate analysis. There was a close association between PEDSR and peak systolic strain (r = -0.580, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION In young adults with T2DM, diabetes duration and aortic distensibility were associated with diastolic dysfunction. Interventional studies are required to assess whether cardiac dysfunction can be reversed in this phenotype of patients.
[Chagas disease and primary arterial hypertension].

PURPOSE To evaluate the pressoric behaviour in chagasic patients in different stages of myocardial damage and to correlate Chagas' disease with arterial hypertension. METHODS The arterial blood pressure of 644 chagasic patients surveyed in the HC-UNICAMP, with arterial hypertension or not, associated with the stage of myocardial dysfunction was evaluated. This group was compared with 370 hypertensive patients without Chagas' disease. Both were divided by sex and age. The results were evaluated by covariance analysis and the significance was pointed at p < 0.05. RESULTS The chagasic group presented a high prevalence of arterial hypertension with 16.8% in the clinical phase I, 27.8% in the phase II and 34% in the III. Both hypertensive and nonhypertensive chagasic patients had a significant drop in clinical phase I after the age of 30 years. The chagasic patients classified in phase II presented a high prevalence between 30-50 years, not associated with the pressoric behaviour and/or sex. The symptomatic myocardial dysfunction (phase III) was uncommon below 40 years old in chagasic group with hypertension or not, but presented a highest prevalence in male hypertensive chagasic patients above 50 years old. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated a more usual association of Chagas' disease and hypertension in patients with symptomatic myocardial dysfunction, above 50 years old. This find evidenciates the somatory and progressive effect of both diseases. It is possible that the pathogenic mechanisms of Chagas' disease contributed to the increment of the arterial blood pressure.
Effects of halogenated compounds, organic acids and unsaturated fatty acids on in vitro methane production and fermentation characteristics

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of halogenated compounds, organic acids, unsaturated fatty acids and their mixtures on in vitro methane production and fermentative characteristics of mixed rumen microorganisms. Agents used in two in vitro experiments were bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES) and pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) as halogenated compound, fumarate and malate as organic acid, and linoleic acid and linolenic acid as unsaturated fatty acid sources. Ruminal fluid collected from a Holstein steer fed tall fescue and concentrate mixtures was incubated at 39°C for 48 h with addition of those materials. Single supplementation of halogenated compounds, organic acids or unsaturated fatty acids decreased in vitro methane production (p<0.05). The second experiment was designed to investigate effects of combination of one of halogenated compounds and either organic acids or fatty acids on methane production. Lower concentration of methane and lower A:P ratio were observed with PMDI compared with BES (p<0.01). In general medium pH, VFA, total gas and hydrogen production, and dry matter degradability were affected by addition of the same compounds. In addition, PMDI+malate treatment resulted in the highest molar proportion of propionate, and lowest A:P ratio and methane production (p<0.01). Hydrogen production was highest in PMDI+linolenic acid and lowest in BES+malate treatment (p<0.01). PMDI+malate combination was the most recommendable in reducing methane production without too much influence on digestibility under conditions of present studies. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 9 : 1255-1259)
Accurate Gleason grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma in prostate needle biopsies by general pathologists.

CONTEXT Gleason grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma in core needle biopsies is important for predicting prognosis and selecting appropriate therapy. Previous studies have shown that Gleason scores assigned by general pathologists have a low correlation with those assigned by urologic pathologists, and that general pathologists tend to undergrade prostate carcinoma. OBJECTIVE To determine if the performance of general pathologists grading prostate needle biopsies has changed over time. DESIGN Four hundred sixteen prostate biopsies from men treated at a single community-based institution between 1987 and 2000 were reviewed by one urologic pathologist (A.A.R.). The correlation between the original Gleason score and the reviewer's score was determined over time. RESULTS Cases were divided into those performed and originally interpreted in the first half of the study (1987-1996) and those performed and originally interpreted in the second half (1996-2000). Overall concordance for exact Gleason score was 59% (244/416). The exact concordance of the Gleason score assigned by the original pathologist and the reviewer during the first half of the study was 51%, whereas in the second half of the study the concordance was significantly greater (66.3%, P =.002). However, when grouped into score categories of 6 or less, 7, and 8 or greater, there was no significant difference in the exact concordance between the first half of the study (78.3%) and the second half (78.4%). Fifty-five percent of the cases in which there was discordance were graded as 7 by the reference pathologist and 6 or less by the original pathologist. There was no correlation between concordance in Gleason score and the percentage of tissue involved by carcinoma. CONCLUSION The concordance between general pathologists' Gleason grading and that of a reference pathologist in this study is much higher than that in previously reported studies. Although exact concordance has significantly improved over time, concordance by clinically significant groups has remained high throughout the study, is dominated by the difference between Gleason score 7 and 6 or less, and is unrelated to the size of the tumor focus.
The Nordland Health Study

In 1988/89, 10,497 men and women aged 40–42 were invited to a health screening in the County of Nordland in northern Norway. The screening procedure comprised completion of a questionnaire, measurement of blood pressure, weight, height and collection of a non-fasting blood sample. Eighty-two percent of the invited population attended the screening. They were given another questionnaire which covered a broad spectrum of relevant topics. Eighty-seven percent of the attenders returned this questionnaire by mail. Non-attenders to the screening tended to be single. Non-responders to the second questionnaire did not differ much from responders, the most consistent finding was a slightly higher heart rate in non-responders. Non-responding men had somewhat higher serum total cholesterol and tended to be smokers.
Uso de bordes de cultivo por aves durante invierno y primavera en la Pampa Austral

La variación estacional de los ensambles de aves de los bordes de cultivo ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el uso de diferentes tipos de bordes de cultivo durante el invierno y la primavera en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se registró un mayor uso de los bordes durante primavera, aunque en invierno algunas especies hicieron un mayor uso del interior de los campos. Los bordes con arboledas y de pastizal fueron los más utilizados en ambas estaciones. Los bordes arbolados fueron más utilizados por especies insectívoras en primavera, mientras que durante el invierno los granívoros usaron más los bordes de pastizal. Los bordes tuvieron una mayor riqueza de especies en primavera, mientras que la abundancia de aves fue mayor durante ese periodo solo en bordes con arboledas y cultivados. La similitud entre los ensambles de aves estuvo relacionada con la similitud en la estructura de los distintos tipos de bordes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las políticas de manejo deben considerar la estacionalidad y las diferencias en la composición de los ensambles de los distintos tipos de bordes.