Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HMGB1 participates in LPS-induced acute lung injury by activating the AIM2 inflammasome in macrophages and inducing polarization of M1 macrophages via TLR2, TLR4, and RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathways

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a crucial proinflammatory cytokine, was reported to activate the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome, which are both essential in acute lung injury (ALI). However, their interaction mechanism has remained elusive. Macrophages are known to express the AIM2 inflammasome and the main receptors [receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR-2/TLR-4)] of HMGB1 to transmit intracellular signals. The present study aimed to indicate whether HMGB1 participates in the process of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced ALI through activating the AIM2 inflammasome in macrophages, as well as inducing polarization of M1 macrophages via TLR2, TLR4 and RAGE/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In an in vivo mouse model of LPS-induced ALI, anti-HMGB1, recombinant (r) HMGB1, LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS, TLR2/4 antagonist) or FPS-ZM1 (RAGE antagonist) were administrated. In in vitro studies, bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice primed with LPS were stimulated with or without anti-HMGB1, rHMGB1, LPS-RS, or FPS-ZM1. The findings revealed that anti-HMGB1, LPS-RS and FPS-ZM1 significantly decreased infiltration of inflamematory cells, wet-to-dry ratio, myeloperoxidase activity in the lung, the levels of cytokines, as well as macrophages and neutrophil infiltration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. However, rHMGB1 aggravated the inflammatory response in ALI. Mechanistically, anti-HMGB1, LPS-RS and FPS-ZM1 attenuated activation of TLR2, TLR4, and RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathways and expression of the AIM2 inflammasome in macrophages. However, rHMGB1 enhanced their expression levels and induced polarization of M1 macrophages. These results indicated that HMGB1 could participate in the pathogenesis of ALI by activating the AIM2 inflammasome in macrophages, as well as inducing polarization of M1 macrophages through TLR2, TLR4 and RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Flow and Mixing Behavior in a New Bottom Blown Copper Smelting Furnace

A mathematical model was developed to describe gas–liquid flow and mixing behavior in a new bottom blown oxygen copper smelting furnace, and the model validation was carried out through a water model experiment. The effects of different nozzle locations, nozzle numbers, and gas flow rates on the gas–liquid flow, gas total volume, and mixing efficiency were investigated. The results show that the gas–liquid two-phase flow and mixing time predicted by the present model agree well with the experimental data. When the nozzles are located near the center of the bath bottom, the gas total volume is larger, but the mixing efficiency is very low. With the increase of nozzle arrangement angle, the mixing time decreased. However, the excessive angle arrangement of nozzles exceeding 21° was found to be detrimental to the bubble residence time and mixing efficiency. With the increase in nozzle numbers from nine to 13, the gas total volume in the furnace increases, and the mixing efficiency does not change greatly. When the number of nozzles is further increased to 18, the mixing efficiency begins to decrease significantly. As the gas flow rate increases from 4.7 m3/h to 14.1 m3/h, the gas total volume in the furnace increases, and the mixing time is rapidly reduced from 314.5 s to 251.5 s. When the gas flow rate exceeds 18.8 m3/h, the gas total volume and mixing efficiency change little.
Superfine CoNi alloy embedded in Al2O3 nanosheets for efficient tandem catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by ammonia borane.

Aromatic amino compounds are important and universally used chemical intermediates in a wide range of industrial fields. Thus, their production with high efficiency and selectivity under ambient conditions is expected and demanded in modern industry. Herein, a series of superfine CoNi alloy nanoparticles embedded in Al2O3 nanosheet (CoxNi1-x/Al2O3, where x represents the content of Co in the precursor) catalysts was fabricated from CoNiAl-LDH and used to catalyze the tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and hydrogenation of nitroaromatics to the corresponding amines. Systematic experiments indicate that the composition, size, morphology and catalytic performance of the CoxNi1-x/Al2O3 catalysts can be easily controlled by changing the content of Ni in the CoNiAl-LDH precursor. Particularly, Co0.67Ni0. 33/Al2O3 exhibited the best tandem catalytic performance among the six samples. This as-prepared catalyst not only showed a moderate turn-over-frequency value (TOF: 34.5 molH2 molCo0.67Ni0.33-1 min-1 at 298 K without base or additives) and relatively low activation energy (32.4 kJ mol-1) for the dehydrogenation of AB, but also superior catalytic activity (conversion yield reaching up to 100%) and selectivity (>99%) for the tandem reductive transformation of in excess of sixteen types of nitroaromatics to aromatic amines. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the construction of the CoNi alloy optimized the electronic structure with respect to the pure component, promoting its activity for AB hydrolysis and nitroaromatics hydrogenation. Finally, the catalyst could be easily recycled using a magnet due to the magnetic properties of the Co0.67Ni0. 33 alloy.
Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia comorbid to Parkinson's disease: A focus on psychological and daytime functioning with a single-case design with multiple baselines.

OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and to evaluate its impact on indices of daytime and psychological functioning. METHOD Fifteen patients with insomnia disorder (ID) comorbid to PD were enrolled in a single-case design with multiple baselines. Total wake time, sleep efficiency, and daytime sleepiness were recorded on a sleep diary. Self-reported measures of insomnia, anxiety and depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life, and psychological variables perpetuating ID were completed. All patients also underwent a clinical interview for ID diagnosis. RESULTS CBT-i was associated with significant changes in sleep variables and ID criteria. Significant positive treatment-related effects were also noted for all indices of daytime and psychological functioning, and for variables perpetuating ID. All of these improvements were well maintained at 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSION CBT-i is a promising therapeutic avenue for patients with PD.
Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. in Free-Range Agoutis (Dasyprocta azarae) from an Urban Area of Southern Brazil

Abstract: Thirty-six free-ranging agoutis (Dasyprocta azarae) from an urban area of the municipality of Curitiba, a southern region of Brazil, were tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. Antibodies were present in 25% and 6% agoutis, respectively. No statistical differences were observed based on sex, age, and body mass of the agoutis. High T. gondii seropositivity indicated environmental contamination, whereas lower seropositivity of Leptospira spp. suggested low environmental contamination or low susceptibility.
Association between Heat Exposure and Hospitalization for Diabetes in Brazil during 2000–2015: A Nationwide Case-Crossover Study

Background: Exposure to excessive heat, which will continue to increase with climate change, is associated with increased morbidity due to a range of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Whether this is true for diabetes is unknown. Objectives: We aimed to quantify the relationship between heat exposure and risk of hospitalization due to diabetes in Brazil. Methods: Data on hospitalizations and weather conditions were collected from 1,814 cities during the hot seasons from 2000 to 2015. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to quantify the association between hospitalization for diabetes and heat exposure. Region-specific odds ratios (ORs) were used to calculate the attributable fractions (AFs). Results: A total of 553,351 hospitalizations associated with diabetes were recorded during 2000–2015. Every 5°C increase in daily mean temperature was associated with 6% [OR=1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.07] increase in hospitalization due to diabetes with lag 0–3 d. The association was greatest (OR=1.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.23) in those ≥80y of age, but did not vary by sex, and was generally consistent by region and type of diabetes. Assuming a causal association, we estimated that 7.3% (95% CI: 3.5, 10.9) of all hospitalizations due to diabetes in the hot season could be attributed to heat exposure during the study period. Discussion: Short-term heat exposure may increase the burden of diabetes-related hospitalization, especially among the very elderly. As global temperatures continue to rise, this burden is likely to increase. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5688
Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions of hydrogen sulfide: translation to therapeutics.

Abstract Significance: There is a rapidly expanding body of evidence for important roles of hydrogen sulfide in protecting against tissue injury, reducing inflammation, and promoting repair. There is also growing evidence that H2S can be successfully exploited in drug development. Recent Advances: H2S synthesis and degradation are regulated in circumstances of inflammation and injury so as to promote repair and re-establish homeostasis. Novel H2S-releasing drugs exhibit enhanced anti-inflammatory and pro-restorative effects, while having reduced adverse effects in many tissues. Critical Issues: H2S is a pleiotropic mediator, having effects on many elements in the inflammatory cascade and promoting the resolution of inflammation and injury. It also contributes significantly to mucosal defence in the gastrointestinal tract, and in host defence against infection. There is strong evidence that novel, H2S-based therapeutics are safe and effective in animal models, and several are progressing through human tria.
QUALITY FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES PROVISION AT PRIVATE CLINICS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE, PAKISTAN

Background: Private sector is providing 40% of the family planning services in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to assess the structural parameters of the quality in private family planning clinics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Material & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at private clinics from 2010 to 2014 through standard checklist. Data entered and analyzed in Excel 2007 and percentages computed. Results: All the parameters evaluated through five years and the percentages in the final year i.e. 2014, being discussed. Physical setup showed boards and logos at 60%, IEC material at 80%, flip charts at 96.20%, privacy for the clients was available at 98.9% and cleanliness at 91.5% of health facilities. Record keeping came out to be a weaker component as 33.5%. Procedure room arrangements showed examination tables at 99.7%, proper light source at 98.9%, gloves used at 99.3%, and 66.8% clinics had intrauterine contraceptive device insertion posters prominently displayed. Infection prevention component showed 98% clinics with adequate water supply along with provision of soap, 62.4% were using chlorine solution, boilers present at 98.5%, storage of instruments in high level disinfection containers was at 98%, destru clips were being used in 91% outlets and disposal of the waste by standard method came out to be 40% only which had plastic bags in the waste baskets. 59% clinics were not following standard protocols which came out to be the weaker component. Conclusion: Private clinics are providing quality family planning services in urban areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders in a Mexican elderly group

Aim: To determine frequency and distribution of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by age and sex in a group of elderly adults in Mexico City. Material and methods: One hundred and fifty-four older adults in Mexico City were examined in a cross-sectional study. Subjects who had big edentulous gaps (absence of two or more teeth) or those who were fully edentulous, as well as those who refused to participate, were excluded from the study. For the epidemiological survey, diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), after standardization by a dentist (kappa=0.892), were considered. Results. A 33.1% had some type of TMD, being more common in people between 60 and 69 years old, variable with which it was related (Likelihood Ratio=21.553, p=0.006, X2MH=08.389, p=0.021). A 14.3% reported some type of facial trauma history, behavior that also was statistically significant (X2MH=13.566, p= 0.0001). Disorders that occurred most frequently were: disc displacement with reduction (62.8%) and disc displacement without reduction (9.8%). Conclusions. TMD occurred in one of every three subjects surveyed, showing a relationship with age and trauma history.
Varicella-Zoster Virus: Clinical manifestations of herpes zoster

Herpes zoster (shingles) is a localized disease characterized by unilateral radicular pain and a vesicular eruption that is generally limited to the dermatome innervated by a single spinal or cranial sensory ganglion. In contrast to varicella, which follows primary exogenous varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection, herpes zoster is the result of reactivation of endogenous VZV that had persisted in latent form within sensory ganglia following an earlier attack of varicella. Herpes zoster (HZ) occurs most often in dermatomes in which the rash of varicella achieves the highest density – those innervated by the first (ophthalmic) division of the trigeminal ganglion and by spinal sensory ganglia from T1 to L2 (Head & Campbell, 1900; Stern, 1937; Denny-Brown et al., 1944; Hope-Simpson, 1965; Ragozzino et al., 1982; Donahue et al., 1995). Presumably, areas of skin with a denser rash during varicella transmit larger amounts of virus to the corresponding sensory ganglia, thereby endowing these ganglia with a higher concentration of latent VZV. If subsequent reactivation occurs at random, HZ would be expected to occur most frequently in dermatomes innervated by ganglia with the highest concentrations of latent VZV. The occurrence of HZ at sites of prior vaccination with live attenuated varicella vaccine is consistent with this model of VZV latency. Although the latent virus in the ganglia retains its potential for full infectivity, reactivation is sporadic and infrequent, and infectious virus does not appear to be present during latency. The mechanisms involved in the reactivation of VZV are unclear (see Chapter 6), but a number of conditions have been associated with the occurrence and localization of HZ.
An Examination of the Differential Impact of University/College Research Emphasis on Levels of Counselors' Resilience

An Examination of the Differential Impact of University/College Research Emphasis on Levels of Counselors’ Resilience by Erica Handon MA, North Carolina Central University, 2010 BS, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, 2005 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Counselor Education and Supervision
Production capacity of maximal isometric grip strength in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study

11 Production capacity of maximal isometric grip strength in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study Capacidade de producao de forca de preensao isometrica maxima em mulheres com artrite reumatoide: um estudo piloto Capacidad de produccion de fuerza de prension isometrica maxima en mujeres con artritis reumatoide: una investigacion experimental Rodrigo da Rosa Iop1, Ana Paula Shiratori1, Luciana Ferreira2, Noe Gomes Borges Junior3, Susana Cristina Domenech4, Monique da Silva Gevaerd4
Antimicrobial Activity of Urine after Ingestion of Differing Daily Doses ofCranberry Juice Cocktail in Pregnancy: A Pilot Study

The objective of this study is to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of urine from pregnant subjects following cranberry juice cocktail (CJC) or placebo ingestion against common pathogens causing asymptomatic bacteriuria. This study was conducted as an adjunct to a larger randomized, controlled trial. 4-hour uninfected urine samples were collected from 28 pregnant women who were randomized to cranberry or placebo in three groups: A. CJC 240 ml two times daily (C, C; n=10), B: CJC in the AM, then placebo in the PM (C, P; n=10), C: placebo two times daily (P, P; n=8). The pH of all specimens was adjusted to 7 and filtered. Aliquots were independently inoculated with overnight culture of 10 2-3 cell/ml each of single strains of E. coli with both type I and type II fimbriae, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans, and incubated. CFU/ml of each specimen was enumerated by subculture with quantitative plate counts in duplicate. There were no differences between groups for any of the pathogens studies based on treatment allocation. We demonstrated no differences in direct antimicrobial activity against E. coli, K. pneumonia or C. albicans in the urine of pregnant based on differing daily cranberry doses. This may be due to beta-error. The clinical effects of cranberry on urinary tract health are undergoing scientific scrutiny. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine has sponsored a number of ongoing clinical trials evaluating the protective effect of cranberry ingestion on urinary tract infections in women. Many of these trials are predicated on published controlled trials exploring the effectiveness of cranberry for the prevention of UTI (2,3). Both reviews concluded that evidence from several well designed studies indicates that cranberry juice decreased the number of symptomatic UTIs in primarily female populations over time periods as long as 12 months (4-6). Few studies looked at the use of cranberry for the treatment of UTI, however well designed studies are yet to be conducted (3,7). No major adverse effects or interactions were reported or identified in these reviews or more recent studies (8,9).
A huge ovarian mucinous cystadenoma complicating pregnancy: a case report

Musinoz kistadenomlar buyuk boyutlara ulasabilir ve gebelik sirasinda hormonlara cevap verebilir. Kirk haftalik hamile 25 yasindaki bir bayan dogum eylemi ile basvurdu. Ultrasonografide uterusun sag tarafinda multilokule, 38 cm capinda iri kistik kitle saptandi. Sezaryen dogum ile fetus dogurtulduktan sonra ovaryen kistektomi yapildi. Histopatolojik olarak musinoz kistadenoma ve luteal bulgular tespit edildi. Bu vaka, literaturde intrauterine gelisme kisitliligi ile komplike olan, gebelikte stromal luteinizasyon bulgulu ucuncu iri musinoz kisadenoma olgusudur. Kistlerin yan etkileri nedeniyle gebelikte butun ovaryen kistler ultrasonografi ile takip edilmelidir
Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected patients by in situ hybridization

We used in situ hybridization to detect hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from 11 patients with chronic active hepatitis. Using 35S-labeled HCV-RNA probe, HCV-RNA-positive and -negative strands were observed in unstimulated PBMNC from three patients, all of whom were receiving immunosuppressive drugs after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). HCV-RNA sequences were also identified in PBMNC from three patients who were not undergoing immunosuppression, after stimulation with either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). In contrast, HCV- RNA was not found in the remaining five patients, who had not undergone OLT and whose cells were not stimulated with mitogens. These results show that mononuclear cells can be infected by HCV and that mitogenic stimulation of infected cells increases HCV-RNA replication.
Development of the glycosylphosphatitylinositol-anchoring defect characteristic for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in patients with aplastic anemia

The introduction of immunosuppressive therapy for treatment of aplastic anemia has led to a considerable improvement in the prognosis of this disease. However, long-term follow-up of these patients showed a high incidence of “late” hematologic complications such as myelodysplasia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). The detection of the glycosylphosphatitylinositol (GPI)-anchoring defect on peripheral blood cells of patients with aplastic anemia is now available as a new tool for early specific detection of PNH and is more sensitive than the Ham- test. Granulocytes appear to be the first cells affected in 11 patients with a GPI-anchoring defect of 29 suffering from aplastic anemia investigated in the present study. The later involvement of erythrocytes and a positive Ham test was observed in 1 patient. From our data it can be concluded that the rate of PNH resulting from aplastic anemia might be higher than reported in the literature when the Ham test alone was used for follow-up. Furthermore, our results suggest the clinical response to immunosuppressive therapy appears to be worse in the group developing the GPI-anchoring defect than in the group without this deficiency.
Antiretroviral Drug Exposures Reported to Texas Poison Centers

Background. A number of different antiretroviral drugs are used to manage patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective. This study describes antiretroviral drug exposures reported to a large statewide poison center system. Methods. Cases were all antiretroviral drug exposures reported to the Texas Poison Center Network during 2000 to 2014. The distribution of cases was determined for various demographic and clinical factors. Results. Of a total of 632 exposures, the most commonly reported drugs were emtricitabine–tenofovir combination (17.1%), efavirenz–emtricitabine–tenofovir combination (13.8%), ritonavir (10.9%), lamivudine–zidovudine combination (10.3%), and efavirenz (10.1%). The annual number of antiretroviral drug exposures increased from 34 in 2000 to 67 in 2014. Males comprised 67.9% of the patients; 72.2% were 20 years or older. The exposures were 58.5% unintentional and 37.5% intentional. Only antiretroviral drugs were reported in 440 of the exposures. Of these exposures, 62.5% were managed on site, 28.0% were already at or en route to a health care facility when the poison center was contacted, and 8.6% were referred to a health care facility. The exposures were not serious in 88.7% of these cases. The most frequently reported adverse clinical effects were vomiting (5.7%), nausea (4.8%), dizziness/vertigo (3.2%), and drowsiness/lethargy (3.2%). Conclusions. The most commonly reported antiretroviral drugs were emtricitabine–tenofovir combination and efavirenz–emtricitabine–tenofovir combination. The patients were most likely to be adults and males. The exposures tended to be unintentional. Of those exposures involving only antiretroviral drugs, the majority of the exposures were not serious and could be managed outside of a health care facility.