Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concentrating optical system optimization for 3- and 4-junction solar cells: impact of illumination profiles

Abstract. Optical component designs for concentrating photovoltaic systems with three different multijunction solar cells (MJSCs) are optimized to yield maximum system efficiencies under standard test conditions, specifically uniform illumination. Optimization uses an integrated optoelectrical approach with ray tracing of the optical train to generate an irradiance profile for input to the cell’s distributed circuit model. These cells, a three-junction lattice-matched (3JLM) solar cell, a three-junction lattice-mismatched inverted metamorphic (3JIMM) solar cell, and a four-junction lattice-matched (4JLM) solar cell, were individually designed for maximum efficiency at 1000×. The optical train introduces losses, modifies the spectrum, and produces a spatially nonuniform profile across the cell. We decouple spectral modification from spatial nonuniformity to separately determine their individual impacts on system efficiencies, finding the optimal set of optical design parameters for each case. Spectral modification yields modest loss penalties (from 1.0% to 1.6%, relative to the MJSC), but the impact of nonuniformity is more significant and cell dependent, with relative loss penalties of 1.1%, 3.8%, and 2.3%, for 3JLM, 3JIMM, and 4JLM, respectively. While spectral modification does not significantly impact design parameters, spatial nonuniformity does, with absolute losses of 1% and 3.4% if 3JIMM and 4JLM cells are used in a 3JLM optimized system, respectively.
A Test of International Equity Market Integration Using Evidence from Cross-Border Mergers

We examine the changes in betas resulting from international mergers. We find that the beta with respect to the acquirer's home market rises and that with respect to the target's home market falls. This effect is robust with respect to controls for changes in the operations of the companies involved and other robustness tests. It is consistent with the location of primary affecting betas with respect to different international equity markets. Such an effect can occur only if international equity markets are not fully integrated, and the risk that is generated by the stochastic discount factor in each country depends on the location of the primary listing of a company.
Producing Functional Soy‐based Yogurt Incubated with Bifidobacterium longum SPM1205 isolated from Healthy Adult Koreans

Bifidobacterium longum SPM1205 isolated from Korean feces inhibited the activity of fecal harmful enzymes of rat. Therefore, the current study was to measure the possibility of B. longum SPM1205 to obtain a curd‐type soy‐based yogurt with respect to a curd formation, proximate composition and sensory attributes and then to examine the changes in pH, lactic acid, and lactic acid bacteria during cold storage. B. longum SPM1205 was capable of producing moderate sour taste and good overall acceptability in curd type of plain soy‐based yogurt for 8 hours. Most sensory qualities were not significantly different in the strawberry soy‐based yogurt compared to those of commercial milk‐based yogurt. The pH of strawberry soy‐based yogurt was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in days of storage (day 0; 5.18, day 1; 4.80), but slowed down after 3 days of storage. The lactic acid content and lactic acid bacteria population of plain and strawberry soy‐based yogurt were not significantly changed over 10 days of storage. The products contained over 8 log of viable lactic acid bacteria. The results provide a feasibility that a curd‐type soy‐based yogurt can be manufactured using B. longum SPM1205. However, more experiments are needed to improve the sensory qualities such as beany or astringent flavor and color.
The Effect of Video Game Play Technique on Pain of Venipuncture in Children

Background The present study was designed and conducted to determine the effect of video game play on pain of venipuncture in 3-6 year-old children. Materials and Methods This randomized controlled trial study was conducted on 80 hospitalized children with pain of venipuncture procedures. Playing a video computer game for children during the venipuncture procedures was the intervention for the interventional group. Also the intensity of pain was measured by behavioral pain scale for children (FLACC scale) during the procedure. This scale was completed for patients without any intervention in the control group during venipuncture procedures. Results Pain intensity mean in the interventional group (2.65 ± 1.577) had significant changes in comparison with the control group (7.95 ± 1.084) (P<0.05). 70% of children in the control group experienced severe pain due to venipuncture procedures, but most children in the intervention group (77.5%) had a little pain. Conclusion According to the results, it seems that video game play intervention has a significant positive effect on the pain of venipuncture procedures in children. Further studies are recommended for the development of this technique in health care centers.
The moderating role of perceived organisational support in the relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intention across sectors in South Africa

Orientation: Because workplace bullying has detrimental consequences on the profitability, work quality and turnover intention of organisations, this phenomenon should be addressed. Perceived Organisational Support (POS) was explored since factors such as role clarity, job information, participation in decision-making, colleague support and supervisory relationships might act as buffers against workplace bullying, subsequently influencing the turnover intention of the organisation. Research purpose: To investigate the role of POS as moderator in the relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intention across sectors in South Africa. Motivation for the study: Workplace bullying is a worldwide concern and it is unclear whether perceived organisational support moderates the relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intention. Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional survey approach with a quantitative research design was used ( N = 13 911). The South African Employee Health and Wellness Survey (SAEHWS) was administered to explore the experiences of bullying behaviour, POS and turnover intention. Main findings: Bullying by superiors is more prevalent than bullying by colleagues. A positive relationship exists between workplace bullying and turnover intention. Role clarity, participation in decision-making and supervisory relationship moderates the relationship between bullying by superiors and turnover intention. Practical/managerial implications: This study creates an awareness of the prevalence of workplace bullying in the South African context so that sufficient counteraction can be encouraged. Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the limited research regarding workplace bullying in the South African context by quantifying the relationships between workplace bullying POS and turnover intention.
Untypical ageing off-flavour and masking effects due to long-term nitrogen fertilization

The off-flavour UTA (untypical ageing) of wines produced from the vintages 1996-1999 within the scope of a long-term N fertilization experiment was compared to the o-aminoacetophenone (AAP) concentrations found in these wines. The wines were made of plants treated with 0, 60 and 150 kg N ha -1 ·N fertilization led to higher UTA intensities and AAP concentrations in aged wines; due to stronger fruity aromas with increasing N fertilization, young wines were able to mask AAP. Controls had a stronger masking effect in older wines, caused by antioxidants (phenols) and possibly higher alcohols. Moreover, at the same AAP level, wines from the vintages 1996 and 1998 exhibited lower UTA intensity than wines from 1997 and 1999. This is influenced by N supply, yield and time of harvest which can not be separated from each other.
The impact of bilinguism on cognitive aging and dementia

Within the current debates on cognitive reserve, cognitive aging and dementia, showing increasingly a positive effect of mental, social and physical activities on health in older age, bilingualism remains one of the most controversial issues. Some reasons for it might be social or even ideological. However, one of the most important genuine problems facing bilingualism research is the high number of potential confounding variables. Bilingual communities often differ from monolingual ones in a range of genetic and environmental variables. In addition, within the same population, bilingual individuals could be different from the outset from those who remain monolingual. We discuss the most common confounding variables in the study of bilingualism, aging and dementia, such as group heterogeneity, migration, social factors, differences in general intelligence and the related issue of reverse causality. We describe different ways in which they can be minimized by the choice of the studied populations and the collected data. In this way the emerging picture of the interaction between bilingualism and cognitive aging becomes more complex, but also more convincing.
Capital Structure Determinants: Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan

Using the firm level pannel data analysis, this study develops to explore the preliminary determinants of capital structure of banking firms of Pakistan. The findings discover the idea of major determinants from the perspective of previous theories of capital structure are size of the firm, profitability in terms of return on assets and return on equity after taxes and Gross Domestic Product GDP over a period of time. The capital choice decision for the banking firms in Pakistan is symmetric to the pecking order theory explaining the fact that there is negative and sigfncaint association between leverage and return on equity after taxes. The significant difference across the banking firms and some financial limitation are the factors which are influencing the decision of debt-to-equity mixture. We have used Pannel Data models like least square dummy variable model LSDVM, Fixed effect mode, random effect model and pooled regression mode. Through statistical tests our results are in favor of random effect regression outcomes. Furthermore outcomes are quite beneficial for the managers while defining the optimum level of debt to equity mixture especially in the banking sector. Keywords: Leverage, GDP, size, pecking order, capital structure
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL MOTOR CAPACITIES

The basic goal of this study was to estimate the mutual relationship, correlation of functional motor capacities aerobic power, speed endurance, start acceleration, maximal running speed, running speed, agility and explosive strength of elite female cadet soccer players, and their impact on the execution of specifi c soccer movement structures. The sample of female examinees for this research was made of 21 female players of U17 Montenegrin national team. The testing was carried out during a regular gathering of players of the national team in the period of winter pause in the season 2012/2013. The listed physiologic characteristics were tested by the following tests: Yo Yo intermittent recovery test (level 1), sprint 10 m from standing posture, sprint 20 m fl ying start, slalom running, 300 yards, countermovement jump and standing long jump, while the specifi c soccer movements, as the criterion were estimated by the test of slalom with a ball. This study served to prove that the results of all applied test mutually signifi cantly correlate, namely they have a statistically important connection. Such a case did not obtained only for correlation coeffi cients which were calculated for a test squat jump with a preparing, which had an important link only with a test 300 yards (r=-.51; p˂.05). This study also proved that such a system of indicators of physiologic potentials has a statistically important impact on a quality of execution of the specifi c soccer movement structures (R2=.73; p˂.05), while for all independent indicators, only a test slalom running had a statistically important prediction of a criterion result in a test slalom with a ball (β=.65; p˂.05). DOI: 10.7251/SSH1302091I UDC: 796.332:796.012. 1-055 Originalni naučni rad Original Scientifi c Paper
Food Habits of Brown Bears in Hokkaido, Japan

Food habits of the brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) were studied from 1975 to 1984 in 4 diverse areas on Hokkaido Island. Foods of bears varied seasonally in each area and differed among areas largely because of differences in foods available. Bears ate mainly succulent herbs in spring and summer and fruits in the fall in northern Hokkaido. Hog's-fennel (Peucedanum multivittatum) dominated the bears' diet in August and September in the alpine areas of the Daisetsu Mountains. Foods of bears on the Shiretoko Peninsula included those from the sea, but were otherwise similar to northern Hokkaido. The diet of bears on the Oshimo Peninsula was dominated by beech (Fagus crenata) buds in the spring in terms of frequency of occurrence, and actinidia (Actinidia arguta) fruit in the fall. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage. 7:215-220 Brown bears occur only in Hokkaido in Japan. The population status is largely unknown, though we believe they are generally declining as a result of habitat loss and overharvest. In 1975, a brown bear ecology project was initiated to gather information necessary to properly manage the species and its habitat (Aoi 1985a, 1985b). Because there are few reports on the food habits of brown bears in Japan (Kadosaki 1983, Aoi 1985a), we collected seasonal food habits information from 4 regions in Hokkaido between 1975 and 1984. We are grateful to S. Takikawa and the staff of Teshio Exp. For. of Hokkaido Univ.; N. Ohtaishi, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido Univ.; H. Nakagawa, Shiretoko Museum; K. Inagaki, Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery; H. Inoue and M. Souzima, Higashidaisetsuso Hotel; M. Iwata, Public Office of Mori-cho; M. Sotoyama, Hunters Companion Assoc. of Yakumo; T. Takagi, Hunters Companion Assoc. of Shari; and A. Tezuka, Fisherman's Coop. Assoc. of Utoro, without whose encouragement this would not have been possible. We are also indebted to H. Abe, Faculty of Agric. , Hokkaido Univ., for reviewing this manuscript. The Brown Bear Research Group of Hokkaido Univ. contributed to this study, and the research was supported in part by a grant from the Hokkaido
Returns Predictability and Stock Market Efficiency in Brazil

This paper searches for evidence of predictability in the Brazilian stock market using portfolios grouped by sector and firm size with data from 1999 to 2008. I conduct an automatic variance ratio test using wild bootstrap. This methodology eliminates the arbitrary choice of the holding period as well as improves small sample properties. The results suggest (i) stocks from the industrial sector are highly predictable, (ii) stocks from small firms tend to be more predictable than the ones from large firms, (iii) the Brazilian stock market, measured by the Ibovespa index from 1986 to 2008, shows an increase of efficiency since 1994.
Attenuation of earthquake ground motion in Japan including deep focus events

New attenuation equations for peak ground acceleration and velocity for Japan are developed. The equations are derived using extensive data recorded by the new JMA-87-type accelerometers, which do not require instrumental corrections that the older SMAC-type accelerometers do. Earthquakes with depths up to 200 km are used to make the equation applicable to subduction zone regions, which are common in Japan. Effects of depth and local site on the attenuation are considered simultaneously with the distance dependence and magnitude dependence using a two-stage regression procedure to separate the magnitude dependence from the distance dependence. Since the resulting normal equations become singular, an iterative partial regression algorithm is proposed. It is found that for the same magnitude and distance, peak ground motion increases as depth increases. The variation of the station coefficients with respect to the corresponding soil-type classification is quite wide. The station coefficients for the peak ground acceleration are found to be weakly correlated with the general soil classification, while a stronger correlation was found for the peak ground velocity. The resulting attenuation relations are given by log10PGA=0.206+0.477MJ−log10r−0.00144r−0.00144r+0.00311h+cia,log10PGV=−1.769+0.628MJ−log10r−0.00130r−0.00144r+0.00222h+civ, where PGA (cm/sec2) and PGV (cm/sec) are the larger of the peak accelerations and velocities from two horizontal components, MJ is the JMA magnitude, r is the closest distance to the fault rupture, h is the depth, and ci is the station coefficient of the recording station. The mean of the coefficients of the JMA stations is given by ci = 0.
An updated approach to incremental cycling tests: Accounting for internal mechanical power

Incremental cycling tests are typically used to determine blood lactate thresholds to monitor training and to form the basis for prescribing training zones. With minimal additional post-processing of the data normally collected during these tests, a more comprehensive description of the flow of metabolic to mechanical energy could be developed. The aim of this study was to further analyse data collected during routine incremental testing to estimate the metabolic cost of internal mechanical power (IP) and to assess the flow of energy between the foot and the pedal to indicate the sharing of energy between IP and the external mechanical power (EP). Eight elite male cyclists completed three cycling incremental tests to exhaustion, beginning at 100 W and increasing by 50 W · 5min -1 , at cadences of 50-55, 80-85 and 110-115 rev · min -1 Submaximal oxygen consumption values were converted to metabolic power (MP) and, together with external mechanical power (EP) values, were put into a physiological model for estimating IP. Mean crank power throughout the crank revolution was determined from the simultaneous collection of crank power data at each cadence and workload. There was a significant increase in IP as cadence increased: 11 ± 5 W, 33 ± 11 W and 70 ± 22 W for cadences of 50-55, 80-85 and 110-115 rev · min -1 , respectively. Crank power increased as workload increased, and positive and negative crank powers were generally larger and smaller, respectively, as cadence increased. In addition to determining blood lactate thresholds, routine incremental cycling tests can be used to quantify the metabolic cost of IP and to help describe the flow of metabolic energy to its mechanical energy destinations, i.e., to EP and IP.
Zagros “phantom earthquakes” reassessed—The interplay of seismicity and deep salt flow in the Simply Folded Belt?

Unraveling the contributions of main shock slip, aftershocks, aseismic afterslip, and postseismic relaxation to the deformation observed in earthquake sequences heightens our understanding of crustal rheology, triggering phenomena, and seismic hazard. Here, we revisit two recent earthquakes in the Zagros mountains (Iran) which exhibited unusual and contentious aftereffects. The Mw ~6 earthquakes at Qeshm (2005) and Fin (2006) are both associated with large interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) signals, consistent with slip on steep reverse faults in carbonate rocks of the middle sedimentary cover, but small aftershocks detected with local seismic networks were concentrated at significantly greater depths. This discrepancy can be interpreted in one of two ways: either (1) there is a genuine vertical separation between main shock and aftershocks, reflecting a complex stress state near the basement‐cover interface, or (2) the aftershocks delimit the main shock slip and the InSAR signals were caused by shallow, updip afterslip (phantom earthquakes) with very similar magnitudes, mechanisms, and geographical positions as the original earthquakes. Here, we show that main shock centroid depths obtained from body waveform modeling—which in this instance is the only method that can reveal for certain the depth at which seismic slip was centered—strongly support the first interpretation. At Qeshm, microseismic aftershock depths are centered at the level of the Hormuz Formation, an Infracambrian sequence of intercalated evaporitic and nonevaporitic sediments. These aftershocks may reflect the breaking up of harder Hormuz sediments and adjacent strata as the salt flows in response to main shock strain at the base of the cover. This work bolsters recent suggestions that most large earthquakes in the Zagros are contained within carbonate rocks in the midlower sedimentary cover and that the crystalline basement shortens mostly aseismically.
Fitness in common buzzards at the cross-point of opposite melanin-parasite interactions

Melanin is one of the major pigments of vertebrates and has many suggested functions. Although it is supposed to have an antipathogenic effect, its relationship to infection with ecto- and endoparasites largely remains to be examined. The common buzzard Buteo buteo occurs in three eumelanin morphs which differ in their lifetime reproductive success. We examined the distribution of the blood-sucking ectoparasite Carnus haemapterus and the blood parasite Leucocytozoon toddi among buzzard nestlings and related parasite infection to the morph of the host and its parents. We controlled the effect of melanin morph on parasites for the potentially confounding total leukocyte numbers, heterophil : lymphocyte ratio (H : L ratio), age, sex, hierarchical rank within the brood and annual food availability. Blood parasite prevalence was lower in offspring of intermediately coloured males. This pattern was apparent during high and low food availability, and although this result did not remain under intermediate vole densities, it could contribute to observed fitness differences in male buzzards. In contrast, carnid fly score increased with darkness of the host plumage. However, among chicks infected with the blood parasite, Leucocytozoon infection intensity decreased with plumage darkness. The two parasite species may exert selection pressures in opposite directions on melanism of their host. Therefore, buzzards with intermediate amounts of melanin may prosper as they are sufficiently protected against endoparasites, but not too attractive for ectoparasites. Parasites could help explain the persistence of colour polymorphism in their buzzard host.
The Role of Accounting Conservatism in Firms’ Financial Decisions

This paper investigates whether financial reporting conservatism is related to firms’ financial flexibility and their access to capital. If conservatism facilitates monitoring and governance by capital providers, they should be more willing to extend financing and increase firms’ access to capital. However, because conservatism leads to systematic understatement of net worth and weakens the appearance of firms’ balance sheet strength, it could also reduce firms’ access to capital. This study tests these two opposing views of the relationship between conservatism and firms’ financial flexibility. Results indicate that firms with greater reporting conservatism exhibit less flexibility in their corporate liquidity management, in their debt or equity issuance decisions, in the sensitivity of their investments to financing constraints and in their payout policies. Overall, results suggest that although firms enjoy lower debt contracting costs by reporting conservatively, they forgo some flexibility in future access to capital, and this affects their financial decisions.