Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of tear production and intraocular pressure in healthy canine neonates.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the development of aqueous tear production and intraocular pressure in healthy canine neonates between 2 and 12 weeks of age. ANIMALS One litter, consisting of 8 healthy Beagle dogs--four males and four females-was used. PROCEDURES Between the age of 2 and 12 weeks, tear production and intraocular pressure were measured weekly in both eyes. Tear production was measured by Schirmer tear test, before (STT1) and after (STT2) topical anesthesia and drying of the conjunctival sac. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a rebound tonometer. As no significant differences existed between left and right eye measurements (STT1, STT2, and IOP) at all time points, only right eye measurements were further analyzed. RESULTS STT1, STT2, and IOP values increased significantly until the age of 9 weeks for STT1, until the age of 10 weeks for STT2, and until the age of 6 weeks and again between 10 and 11 weeks of age for IOP. IOP decreased significantly between 11 and 12 weeks of age. There were no significant differences in STT1, STT2, and IOP between males and females, except for IOP at 10 and 12 weeks of age. No significant correlation was demonstrated between body weight and STT1 or STT2. CONCLUSIONS STT1, STT2, and IOP values increased significantly in the first weeks after birth. The results of this study indicate that separate reference values for tear production and intraocular pressure need to be established for neonatal dogs.
Repeated Warm Water Immersion Induces Similar Cerebrovascular Adaptations to 8 Weeks of Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training in Females

Abstract Exercise training has the potential to enhance cerebrovascular function. Warm water immersion has recently been shown to enhance vascular function including the cerebrovascular response to heating. We suggest that passive heating can be used alternatively to exercise. Our aim was to compare the effects of exercise with warm-water immersion training on cerebrovascular and thermoregulatory function. 18 females (25±5 y) performed 8 weeks of cycling (70% HRmax) or warm water immersion (42°C) for 30 min 3 times per week. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and peak cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) were measured prior to and following both interventions. A passive heat stress was employed to obtain temperature thresholds (Tb) and sensitivities for sweat rate (SR) and cutaneous vasodilation (CVC). Middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) was measured throughout. FMD and VO2peak improved following both interventions (p<0.05). MCAv and cerebrovascular conductance were higher at rest and during passive heating (p<0.001 and <0.001, respectively) following both interventions. SR occurred at a lower Tb following both interventions and SR sensitivity also increased, with a larger increase at the chest (p<0.001) following water immersion. CVC occurred at a lower Tb (p<0.001) following both interventions. Warm water immersion elicits similar cerebrovascular, conduit, and thermoregulatory adaptations compared to a period of moderate-intensity exercise training.
EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF HIGH-ENERGY NONTHERMAL PARTICLES DURING MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN A MAGNETICALLY DOMINATED ION–ELECTRON PLASMA

Magnetic reconnection is a leading mechanism for dissipating magnetic energy and accelerating nonthermal particles in Poynting-flux-dominated flows. In this Letter, we investigate nonthermal particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection in a magnetically dominated ion–electron plasma using fully kinetic simulations. For an ion–electron plasma with a total magnetization of &sgr; 0 = B 2 / ( 4 π n ( m i + m e ) c 2 ) ? > , the magnetization for each species is &sgr; i ∼ &sgr; 0 ? > and &sgr; e ∼ ( m i / m e ) &sgr; 0 ? > , respectively. We have studied the magnetically dominated regime by varying σe = 103–105 with initial ion and electron temperatures T i = T e = 5 − 20 m e c 2 ? > and mass ratio m i / m e = 1 − 1836 ? > . The results demonstrate that reconnection quickly establishes power-law energy distributions for both electrons and ions within several (2–3) light-crossing times. For the cases with periodic boundary conditions, the power-law index is 1 < s < 2 ? > for both electrons and ions. The hard spectra limit the power-law energies for electrons and ions to be γ be ∼ &sgr; e ? > and γ bi ∼ &sgr; i ? > , respectively. The main acceleration mechanism is a Fermi-like acceleration through the drift motions of charged particles. When comparing the spectra for electrons and ions in momentum space, the spectral indices sp are identical as predicted in Fermi acceleration. We also find that the bulk flow can carry a significant amount of energy during the simulations. We discuss the implication of this study in the context of Poynting-flux dominated jets and pulsar winds, especially the applications for explaining nonthermal high-energy emissions.
Hypopituitarism 3 and 12 months after traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage

ABSTRACT Objective. High prevalence of hypopituitarism (HP) has been reported after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the prevalence and progression of HP in patients after TBI and SAH in Icelandic population. Design: A 12 month prospective single-centre study. Methods and procedures: A total of 27 patients were included, 15 patients with TBI and 12 patients with SAH. Pituitary function was evaluated with baseline hormone measurements and diagnostic tests. An insulin tolerance test was used unless contraindicated, then the GHRH-arginine test and Synachten test were used. Results. At three months, 16.7% (2/12) of the patients had HP after TBI and 33.3% (4/12) after SAH. At 12 months, 21.4% (3/14) of patients had HP after TBI and 9.1% (1/11) after SAH. Gonadotropin deficiency was the most common deficiency at 3 months and GH and gonadotropin deficiency at 12 months. Conclusions. There is a considerable risk of HP after TBI and reason to study pituitary function further in patients with SAH. We believe that neuroendocrine evaluation is important in these patients. Since recovery commonly occurs 12 months after the event, evaluation should be performed after that time if not clinically indicated earlier.
Comparison of the Rheological Properties of Viscosity and Elasticity in Two Categories of Soft Tissue Fillers: Calcium Hydroxylapatite and Hyaluronic Acid

BACKGROUND Two types of soft tissue filler that are in common use are those formulated primarily with calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) and those with cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (cross‐linked HA). OBJECTIVE To provide physicians with a scientific rationale for determining which soft tissue fillers are most appropriate for volume replacement. MATERIALS Six cross‐linked HA soft tissue fillers (Restylane and Perlane from Medicis, Scottsdale, AZ; Restylane SubQ from Q‐Med, Uppsala, Sweden; and Juvéderm Ultra, Juvéderm Ultra Plus, and Juvéderm Voluma from Allergan, Pringy, France) and a soft tissue filler consisting of CaHA microspheres in a carrier gel containing carboxymethyl cellulose (Radiesse, BioForm Medical, Inc., San Mateo, CA). METHODS The viscosity and elasticity of each filler gel were quantified according to deformation oscillation measurements conducted using a Thermo Haake RS600 Rheometer (Newington, NH) using a plate and plate geometry with a 1.2‐mm gap. All measurements were performed using a 35‐mm titanium sensor at 30°C. Oscillation measurements were taken at 5 pascal tau (&tgr;) over a frequency range of 0.1 to 10 Hz (interpolated at 0.7 Hz). Researchers chose the 0.7‐Hz frequency because it elicited the most reproducible results and was considered physiologically relevant for stresses that are common to the skin. RESULTS The rheological measurements in this study support the concept that soft tissue fillers that are currently used can be divided into three groups. CONCLUSION Rheological evaluation enables the clinician to objectively classify soft tissue fillers, to select specific filler products based on scientific principles, and to reliably predict how these products will perform—lifting, supporting, and sculpting—after they are appropriately injected. Drs. Beer and Sundaram are members of the Medical Education Faculty for BioForm Medical. They have received compensation from the company for presentations about Radiesse to the medical community. Authors Voigts and Meland are employees in Research and Development at BioForm Medical, Inc. BioForm Medical provided the logistical and financial support for execution of this study. Unless stated otherwise, all of the dermal fillers discussed in this article were purchased from commercial sources.
NLRP3 Inflammasome: A New Target in Major Depressive Disorder

Inflammasome has emerged recently as an unexpected sensor for metabolic danger and stress. Indeed, it has been implicated in the development of major diseases such as gout, type 2 diabetes, and obesity-induced insulin resistance and is increasingly suspected of playing a major role in other human pathologies such as cancer, asbestosis, and Alzheimer’s disease [1]. The inflammasome is a protein complex that comprises an intracellular sensor, typically a Nod-like receptor (NLR), the precursor procaspase-1, and the adaptor ASC. Inflammasome activation leads to the maturation of caspase-1 and the processing of its substrates, IL-1b, and IL-18 [2]. Of all the NLRs, NLRP3 is activated by the most diverse array of danger signals. Recently, it has been hypothesized the implication of inflammasome in depression and related comorbid systemic illnesses [3], however, was necessary to demonstrate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in depressive patients. This event was intuited because IL-1b, one of the two known cytokines activated by the inflammasome complex, has been implicated in stress, depression, and central nervous system (CNS) dysregulation [3]. A recent paper published in CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics by Zhang et al. [4] have showed in first time that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in lipopolysaccharideinduced mice depressive-like behaviors. In parallel, the authors of the present paper have showed in first time the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in blood mononuclear cells from depressive patients with a high correlation between IL-1b and IL-18 with Beck Depression Inventory scores of depressive patients [5]. These are two papers demonstrating in an animal model and patients, the hypothesis of Iwata et al. These findings provide new insight into the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Now, we must deepen about this and study several point involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The Mechanism of Disease
THE EFFECT OF HYPOTHERMIA ON POTASSIUM AND GLUCOSE CHANGES IN ISOBARIC HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN THE RAT

Hypothermia has been shown to decrease oxygen consumption requirements and improve survival during hemorrhagic shock. However, hypothermia applied therapeutically does not prevent the development of a lactic acidosis during hemorrhage. We re-examined the development of a hemorrhage-induced lactic acidosis and other metabolic parameters (glucose, plasma electrolytes, and arterial blood gases) at various temperatures (29–37°C) to better define the protective action of hypothermia in hemorrhagic shock. Five groups of male, Sprague-Dawley rats were bled to a mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of 40 mmHg over a 15 min period and held there by further blood removal until death. The final level and rate of development of the lactic acidemia was the same in all groups. However, the rate of decline in plasma glucose and rate of rise in plasma potassium were temperature dependent. These results suggest that temperature-dependent changes in serum glucose and potassium may contribute to the protective effect of hypothermia during hemorrhagic shock.
A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata)

Abstract The taxonomic placement of an enigmatic species of wasp known from two specimens in Late Cretaceous New Jersey amber is investigated through cladistic analyses of 90 morphological characters for 33 terminals ranging across non-Aculeata, non-Chrysidoidea, most subfamilies of Chrysidoidea and all genera of Plumariidae (the family to which the fossils were initially assigned), based on use of exemplars. The fossil taxon is apparently basal in Chrysidoidea, most likely sister to Plumariidae, but perhaps sister to the remaining chrysidoids, or even sister to Chrysidoidea as a whole. It is described as representing a new family, Plumalexiidae fam. n. , containing a single species, Plumalexius rasnitsyni gen. et sp. n. Previous estimates of relationships for the genera of Plumariidae and for the higher taxa of Chrysidoidea are mostly confirmed. The importance of outgroup choice, and additivity and weighting of characters are demonstrated.
Multidisciplinary cancer conferences: Exploring the attitudes of cancer care providers and administrators

The multidisciplinary cancer conference (MCC) provides an outlet for contributors in cancer care collectively to evaluate diagnosis and treatment options and to provide optimal patient care. The prevalence and perceived benefits of MCCs in Canada have not previously been described. Between February and March 2007, the Cancer Services Integration Survey, including four key statements concerning MCCs, was administered to cancer care providers and administrators in Ontario, Canada. A total of 1,769 responses were received with a response rate of 33%. Overall, 74% of respondents were aware of MCCs within their region, but only 58% were either regular MCC participants, or acknowledged participation of cancer providers in their institutions. Using multilevel modeling, physicians (OR 2.69, p-value < 0.01, 95% CI 1.62–4.57) and surgeons (OR 3.00, p-value < 0.01, 95% CI 1.52–6.20) both perceived greater benefit of MCCs for coordinating and improving patient plans than administrators. Although MCCs appear to positively influence patient care and interprofessional interactions, variability exists among cancer providers and administrators concerning their acceptance and perceived benefits. Further research should concentrate on further probing these trends, and exploring explanations and solutions for the inconsistent acceptance of MCCs into routine cancer care.
The Interaction of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter GAT-1 with the Neurotransmitter Is Selectively Impaired by Sulfhydryl Modification of a Conformationally Sensitive Cysteine Residue Engineered into Extracellular Loop IV*

The (Na+ + Cl–)-coupled γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT-1 keeps synaptic levels of this neurotransmitter low and thereby enables efficient GABA-ergic transmission. Extracellular loops (III, IV, and V) have been shown to contain determinants for GABA selectivity and affinity. Here we analyze the role of extracellular loop IV in transport by cysteine scanning mutagenesis. Fourteen residues of this loop have been replaced by cysteine. GABA transport by eight of the fourteen mutants is markedly more sensitive to inhibition by membrane-impermeant methane thiosulfate reagents than wild-type. Mutant A364C has high activity and is potently inhibited by the sulfhydryl reagent. GABA transport by the A364C/C74A double mutant, where the only externally accessible cysteine residue of the wild-type has been replaced by alanine, is also highly sensitive to the sulfhydryl reagents. Maximal sensitivity is observed in the presence of the cosubstrates sodium and chloride. A marked protection is afforded by GABA, provided sodium is present. This protection is also observed at 4 °C. The non-transportable analogue SKF100330A also protects the double mutant against sulfhydryl modification in the presence of sodium but has the opposite effect in its absence. Electrophysiological analysis shows that upon sulfhydryl modification of this mutant, GABA can no longer induce transport currents. The voltage dependence of the transient currents indicates an increased apparent affinity for sodium. Moreover, GABA is unable to suppress the transient currents. Our results indicate that part of extracellular loop IV is conformationally sensitive, and its modification selectively abolishes the interaction of the transporter with GABA.
Evolving Acoustic Characteristics of the Canal Wall Down Cavities Due to Neo-Osteogenesis by Periosteal Flap

Objective To determine whether the acoustic properties of the canal wall down cavity would come closer to those of the normal ear canal as the cavity is lined with periosteal flap. Study Design Prospective study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients Twenty one subjects who underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy and total ossicular replacement prosthesis tympanoplasty were selected. Interventions Canal wall down cavities were lined with postauricular periosteal flap. The acoustic properties of 21 canal wall down cavities (mastoidectomy ears) and 16 contralateral normal ears (control ears) were measured with a hearing aid fitting system. Main Outcome Measures Frequency, amplitude, bandwidth, and Q factor of the resonance curve along with the loss in amplitude below 1 kHz were compared in a paired-wise manner between the first and third months and the third and sixth months postoperatively in mastoidectomy ears, and also between mastoidectomy and control ears. Results In the mastoidectomy ears, the peak resonance frequency and bandwidth significantly increased at the end of the third and six months as the volume of the cavity decreased (p < 0.05). However, the amplitude and Q factor of the resonance curve remained stable. At the end of the first month, all parameters were different in both groups (p < 0.05). At the end of the sixth month, the frequency and bandwidth of the resonance curve in both groups were not different. The mastoidectomy ears had some decibel-amplitude loss below 1 kHz. Only its frequency changed as the cavity became smaller (p < 0.05). Conclusions New bone formation facilitated by a periosteal flap in the posterior part of the CWD cavity behind the facial ridge may provide acoustic properties similar to those of the normal ear canal.
Greater nurse autonomy associated with lower mortality and failure to rescue rates

Commentary on: Rao AD, Kumar A, McHugh M. Better nurse autonomy decreases the odds of 30-day mortality and failure to rescue. J Nurs Scholarsh 2016;00:1–7. [OpenUrl][1] There is a growing body of evidence linking professional work environments to improved patient, personnel and organisational outcomes. Since autonomy has been identified as an important attribute of a professional work environment for enhancing patient safety,1 a proven association between autonomy and patient-outcomes might be expected but, until now, had not been … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BNurs%2BScholarsh%26rft.volume%253D00%26rft.spage%253D1%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
Evolution of the Gender Research Agenda in the Senior Scholars Basket of Journals. A Literature Review

This study is aimed at understanding, what gender-related challenges were recognized by scholars in the Information Systems field and how these challenges evolved over time. Based on a literature review of 22 papers published in the Senior Scholars Basket of Journals , which consider gender as core to their research, seven categories of challenges were identified. It is discussed, which studies and the related categories of challenges turned out to be scientifically demanded. It was found out that the category concerned with under-representation of women in Information Systems, which motivated the majority of articles under investigation, is not highly cited by other researchers. The paper contains a detailed description of the research method used, discussion of the results, as well as study limitations and propositions for future research.
The measurement of thermal radiation at microwave frequencies.

The connection between Johnson noise and blackbody radiation is discussed, using a simple thermodynamic model. A microwave radiometer is described together with its theory of operation. The experimentally measured root mean square fluctuation of the output meter of a microwave radiometer (0.4°C) compares favorably with a theoretical value of 0.46°C. With an r-f band width of 16 mc/sec. , the 0.4°C corresponds to a minimum detectable power of 10-16 watt. The method of calibrating using a variable temperature resistive load is described.
Gut IgA Class Switch Recombination in the Absence of CD40 Does Not Occur in the Lamina Propria and Is Independent of Germinal Centers1

Conflicting findings have recently been presented as to the sites and sources of B cells that undergo class switch recombination (CSR) to IgA in the gut. In this study we provide compelling evidence in CD40−/− mice demonstrating that IgA CSR can be independent of CD40 signaling and germinal center formation and does not occur in the gut lamina propria (LP) itself. We found that CD40−/− mice had near normal levels of gut total IgA despite lacking germinal centers and completely failing to raise specific responses against the T cell-dependent Ags cholera toxin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The Peyer’s patches in CD40−/− mice expressed unexpectedly high levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase mRNA and germline α transcripts, but few postswitch circular DNA transcripts, arguing against significant IgA CSR. Moreover and more surprisingly, wild-type mice exhibited no to low IgA CSR in mesenteric lymph nodes or isolated lymphoid follicles. Importantly, both strains failed to demonstrate any of the molecular markers for IgA CSR in the gut LP itself. Whereas all of the classical sites for IgA CSR in the GALT in CD40−/− mice appeared severely compromised for IgA CSR, B cells in the peritoneal cavity demonstrated the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase mRNA comparable to that of wild-type mice. However, peritoneal cavity B cells in both strains expressed intermediate levels of the germinal center marker GL7 and exhibited no germline α transcripts, and only three of 51 mice analyzed showed the presence of postswitch circular DNA transcripts. Taken together, these findings strongly argue for alternative inductive sites for gut IgA CSR against T cell-independent Ags outside of the GALT and the nonorganized LP.
MORF-RELATED GENE 702 , a Reader Protein of Trimethylated Histone H 3 Lysine 4 and Histone H 3 Lysine 36 , Is Involved in Brassinosteroid-Regulated Growth and Flowering Time Control in Rice 1 [ OPEN ]

State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China (J.J., J.S., B.L., Y.Y., A.D.); and National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (Y.L., Y.H.)