Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathologic N1 non-small cell lung cancer: correlation between pattern of lymphatic spread and prognosis.

OBJECTIVES Patients with N1 non-small cell lung cancer represent a heterogeneous population with varying long-term survivals. Prognosis and pattern of recurrence seem to be particularly affected by the level of lymph node involvement. METHODS From 1990 to 1995, a total of 1954 consecutive patients underwent surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer: 549 (28%) had ipsilateral pulmonary lymph node metastases (N1). The hospital survivors (n = 535) were reviewed. Three levels of lymph node metastases (hilar, interlobar, and lobar) were identified according to the new Regional Lymph Node Classification for Lung Cancer Staging and differentiated from lymph node involvement on the basis of direct invasion. RESULTS 1 The overall 5-year survival of patients with N1 disease was 40%. Survival was related in the univariate analysis to T classification, level-type of N1 involvement, number of involved nodes, multilevel involvement, Karnofsky Index, R status, and adjuvant therapy. In the multivariate analysis, only T classification and level-type of N1 involvement clearly showed statistical power (P =.000 and P =.001, respectively). The pattern of cancer relapse according to level-type of N1 involvement differed significantly: hilar N1 disease recurred at distant sites in 41% of patients and locoregionally in 12% of patients, whereas N1 disease by direct invasion occurred in 24% and 17% of patients, respectively (P =.030). CONCLUSIONS Metastases to ipsilateral hilar, interlobar, or both, lymph nodes are associated with a poorer prognosis compared with metastases in intralobar lymph nodes or with lymph node involvement by means of direct invasion. Although surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, the high rate of tumor recurrence in both groups mandates further randomized studies with multimodality therapy approaches.
Arthritis as the sole episodic manifestation of familial Mediterranean fever.

OBJECTIVE To clinically and genetically characterize patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in whom arthritis constitutes the only manifestation, and to establish the most important features distinguishing FMF arthritis in such a setting from other forms of mono/oligo arthritides. METHODS The study population comprised 14 patients with episodes of arthritis as the only manifestation of FMF who nevertheless fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for FMF. The control group consisted of 28 patients with episodic mono/oligo arthritis of different disease entities (palindromic, reactive, inflammatory bowel disease, Reiter's, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, chronic juvenile, Behcet's, and gouty arthritis) who presented to the rheumatology clinic during the study period. Patients in both groups underwent clinical evaluation and donated blood for FMF gene analysis. RESULTS The study and control groups shared similar age and sex distribution and experienced the monoarthritic attacks at similar sites, usually the knee and ankle joint. The 2 groups differed significantly in features of arthritis (which were febrile and of short duration in FMF), family history of FMF, mutation analysis, and response to colchicine. These differences allowed the defining of a rule, which readily distinguishes FMF arthritis from other forms of episodic mono/oligo arthritis. CONCLUSION The clinical, ethnic, and genetic features of recurrent monoarthritis of FMF are specific and may separate FMF from other entities with mono/oligo arthritis.
Reporter-Based Assays for High-Throughput Drug Screening against Mycobacterium abscessus

Mycobacterium abscessus is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium that causes pulmonary and non-pulmonary infections. M. abscessus is resistant to many chemotherapeutic agents and the current treatment options show poor clinical outcomes. Thus, there is a dire need to find new antimicrobials effective at killing M. abscessus. Screening drug libraries to identify potential antimicrobials has been impeded by the lack of validated HTS assays for M. abscessus. In this study, we developed two 384-well high-throughput screening assays using fluorescent and bioluminescent reporter strains of M. abscessus for drug discovery. Optimization of inoculum size, incubation time and the volume-per-well based on Z-factor and signal intensity yielded two complementary, robust tools for M. abscessus drug discovery with Z-factor > 0.8. The MIC of known drugs, amikacin and clarithromycin, as determined by bioluminescence was in agreement with the published MIC values. A proof-of-concept screen of 2,093 natural product-inspired compounds was conducted using the 384-well bioluminescent assay to identify novel scaffolds active against M. abscessus. Five active “hit” compounds identified in this pilot screen were confirmed and characterized by a CFU assay and MIC determination. Overall, we developed and validated a 384-well screen that offers simple, sensitive and fast screening of compounds for activity against this emerging pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first reporter–based high-throughput screening study aimed at M. abscessus drug discovery.
Socioeconomic disparities associated with awareness, access, and usage of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis among Latino MSM ages 21–30 in San Antonio, TX

Abstract HIV continues to disproportionately affect Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) and disparities are even greater in the South. This study examines the implications of socioeconomic status (SES) associated with awareness, access, and usage of PrEP. Latino MSM (N = 154) from San Antonio, TX, completed a self-administered survey. Results revealed that PrEP uptake was significantly lower for low SES Latino MSM. PrEP related barriers included lack of awareness, stigmas, and side effects. Findings underscore the importance for a multisystemic approach to enhance awareness and access of PrEP for Latino MSM with varying levels of SES in the South.
Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in a Community Sample of Preschoolers

The purpose of this study was to test the factor structure of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU; Frick, 2004) and to study the relation between the derived dimensions and external variables in a community sample of preschool children. A total of 622 children 3 and 4 years of age were assessed with a semistructured diagnostic interview, the ICU, and other questionnaires on psychopathology, temperament, and executive functioning, completed by parents and teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis derived from teachers’ ICU responses yielded three dimensions: Callousness, Uncaring, and Unemotional. Callousness and Uncaring subscale scores correlated with the specific scales related to aggressive behavior, temperament, executive functioning, and conduct problems. The ICU scale scores discriminated cross-sectionally oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) diagnoses, aggressive and nonaggressive symptoms of CD, use of services, and ODD/CD-related family burden. Longitudinally, Callousness subscale score at age 3 predicted ODD or CD diagnosis at age 4. Unemotional was not associated with aggressive measures, but it was linked to anxiety disorders cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Callous-Unemotional traits contributed significantly to predicting disruptive behavior disorders controlling for sex, temperament, and executive functioning (predictive accuracy between 3 and 5%). The ICU is a promising questionnaire for identifying early Callous and Uncaring traits in preschool years that may help in the identification of a subset of preschool children who might have severe behavioral problems.
Upper body musculoskeletal symptoms of Latino poultry processing workers and a comparison group of Latino manual workers.

BACKGROUND Upper body musculoskeletal injuries are often attributed to rapid work pace and repetitive motions. These job features are common in poultry processing, an industry that relies on Latino immigrants. Few studies document the symptom burden of immigrant Latinos employed in poultry processing or other manual jobs. METHODS Latino poultry processing workers (n = 403) and a comparison population of 339 Latino manual workers reported symptoms for six upper body sites during interviews. We tabulated symptoms and explored factors associated with symptom counts. RESULTS Back symptoms and wrist/hand symptoms lasting more than 1-day were reported by over 35% of workers. Poultry processing workers reported more symptoms than comparison workers, especially wrist and elbow symptoms. The number of sites at which workers reported symptoms was elevated for overtime workers and workers who spoke an indigenous language during childhood. CONCLUSION Workplace conditions facing poultry processing and indigenous language speaking workers deserve further exploration.
The nitric oxide reductase of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli plays an important role for the survival within macrophages

In enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157, there are two types of anaerobic nitric oxide (NO) reductase genes, an intact gene (norV) and a 204 bp deletion gene (norVs). Epidemiological analysis has revealed that norV‐type EHEC are more virulent than norVs‐type EHEC. Thus, to reveal the role of NO reductase during EHEC infection, we constructed isogenic norV‐type and norVs‐type EHEC mutant strains. Under anaerobic conditions, the norV‐type EHEC was protected from NO‐mediated growth inhibition, while the norVs‐type EHEC mutant strain was not, suggesting that NorV of EHEC was effective in the anaerobic detoxification. We then investigated the role of NO reductase within macrophages. The norV‐type EHEC produced a lower NO level within macrophages compared with the norVs‐type EHEC. Moreover, the norV‐type EHEC resulted in higher levels of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) within macrophages compared with the norVs‐type EHEC. Finally, the norV‐type EHEC showed a better level of survival than the norVs‐type EHEC. These data suggest that the intact norV gene plays an important role for the survival of EHEC within macrophages, and is a direct virulence determinant of EHEC.
Physiological alterations of maximal voluntary quadriceps activation by changes of knee joint angle

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different angles of the knee joint on voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle, estimating the ability of a subject to activate a muscle maximally by means of voluntary contraction. Isometric torque measurement was performed on 6 healthy subjects in 5° intervals between 30° and 90° of knee joint flexion. Superimposed twitches at maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and at a level of 60% and 40% of the MVC were applied and the voluntary activation estimated. At between 30° and 75° of knee flexion, the maximal extension torque increased at an average rate of 2.67 ± 0.6 Nm/degree, followed by a decline with further flexion. However, throughout the joint‐angle range tested, voluntary activation increased on average by 0.37%/degree with a maximum at 90° of flexion. Due to the influence of joint position it is not possible to generalize results obtained at the knee joint angle of 90° of flexion, which is usually used for the quadriceps twitch‐interpolation technique. Consequently, it is useful to investigate voluntary activation deficits in knee joint disorders at a range of knee joint angles that includes, in particular, the more extended joint angles used frequently during daily activity. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 667–672, 2001
Long-term glycemic control and postoperative infectious complications.

HYPOTHESIS Good preoperative glycemic control (hemoglobin A(1c) [HbA(1c)] levels <7%) is associated with decreased postoperative infections. DESIGN Retrospective observational study using Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data from the Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System from January 1, 2000, through September 30, 2003. SETTING Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, a tertiary referral center and major university teaching site. PATIENTS Six hundred forty-seven diabetic patients underwent major noncardiac surgery during the study period; 139 were excluded because the HbA(1c) levels were more than 180 days prior to surgery; 19 were excluded for other reasons; 490 diabetic patients were analyzed. The study patients were predominantly nonblack men with a median age of 71 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were infectious complications, including pneumonia, wound infection, urinary tract infection, or sepsis. Bivariate analysis was used first to determine the association of each independent variable (age, race, diabetic treatment, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, Activities of Daily Living assessment, elective vs emergent procedure, wound classification, operation length, and HbA(1c) levels) with outcome. Factors significant at P<. 05 were used in a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS In the multivariable model, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, operation length, wound class, and HbA(1c) levels were significantly associated with postoperative infections. Emergency/urgent cases and dependence in Activities of Daily Living were significant in bivariate analysis but failed to reach statistical significance in the multivariable model. An HbA(1c) level of less than 7% was significantly associated with decreased infectious complications with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-3.70) and a P value of . 007. CONCLUSION Good preoperative glycemic control (HbA(1c) levels <7%) is associated with a decrease in infectious complications across a variety of surgical procedures.
Urbanization in China.

This paper discusses the growth and structure of urbanization in major cities and in rural areas in China. The definition of urban area in China is complex and unique in distinguishing between cities with and without an urban status. The designation of "urban" to a city has important implications for social welfare of the urban population. Urban cities grant registration to citizens, which entitles them to food, an occupation, and housing. Since 1949, "city" changed definition in 1955, 1963, and 1984. Urban and rural districts are thus separated administratively. Government statistics are based on five designations of urban population: officially designated cities and towns, areas under municipal jurisdiction, urban population, urban population with an urban registry, and city district population. There are city-administered counties also in a three-tiered structure of government: provincial government, city administration, and county administration. Population statistics are based on population censuses or city registries and do not account for migration. Commune populations are people who have quit agriculture but are counted as rural population, unless they are registered in officially designated towns. Commune populations are people working in village and township enterprises. World Bank statistics indicate an increase in urbanization rates from 1965 to 1989, from 18% to 53%, but most of the growth occurred during the 1980s. It is argued that China's population statistics must not be accepted uncritically. The author offers a reconstructed set of Chinese urbanization figures that would be compatible with other countries. Urbanization was estimated to be 21% in 1961, 16% in 1971, 18.7% in 1981, and 29.7% in 1991. Seven major conclusions are drawn. For instance, it is concluded that urban population growth was 5% or more during the 1980s in nine provinces having populations of 380 million or more. Three provinces had rates of 4-5%. The 1990s are expected to show urban growth in areas with over 600 million people.
"SOB O SIGNO DA CRUZ" Relatório Circunstanciado de Identificação e Delimitação da Terra Indígena Pataxó da Coroa Vermelha

O presente estudo e resultado do trabalho antropologico realizado em 1995 com a finalidade de identificar e delimitar a Terra Indigena Coroa Vermelha, terra esta ocupada tradicionalmente pelo povo indigena Pataxo, que tem uma populacao local de 693 habitantes. Coroa Vermelha Esta situada nos municipios de Santa Cruz Cabralia e Porto Seguro, Bahia, e tem uma extensao de 1.492 hectares - em duas glebas de 72 e 1420 hectares – conforme o presente estudo identificara. Este relatorio, juntamente com mapas e memorial descritivo de limites e com os laudos do levantamento fundiario, integra o produto final do trabalho do Grupo Tecnico constituido pela Portaria 860, de 14 de agosto de 1995, da Presidencia da Fundacao Nacional do Indio (Funai).
ADHD Across Cultures: Is There Evidence for a Bidimensional Organization of Symptoms?

We examined the phenotypic expression of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across cultures by assessing the factor/latent class structure of its core symptoms. We conducted a systematic review of the literature published from January 1987 to November 2008 using Medline and PsycINFO. We systematically reviewed 2,511 article abstracts, and 48 of these abstracts were included in this review. Research with school-age children from 15 countries including different samples, informants, and rating instruments supported a two-factor ADHD model consisting of inattention and combined hyperactivity and impulsivity. This model was not supported for preschool children. Cross-cultural equivalence for the two-factor model was suggested in some studies. Latent class analyses using parental data and more recent approaches like factor mixture modeling are generally consistent with factor analyses. These findings argue in favor of a cross-cultural validity of the syndrome. The implications of these findings for further research and classificatory systems in mental health like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) are discussed.
Critical Role for Interleukin-25 in Host Protective Th2 Memory Response against Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri

ABSTRACT Infection with parasitic nematodes, especially gastrointestinal geohelminths, affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and thus poses a major risk to global health. The host mechanism of defense against enteric nematode infection remains to be fully understood, but it involves a polarized type 2 immunity leading to alterations in intestinal function that facilitate worm expulsion. We investigated the role of interleukin-25 (IL-25) in host protection against Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection in mice. Our results showed that Il25 and its receptor subunit, Il17rb, were upregulated during a primary infection and a secondary challenge infection with H. polygyrus bakeri. Genetic deletion of IL-25 (IL-25−/−) led to an attenuated type 2 cytokine response and increased worm fecundity in mice with a primary H. polygyrus bakeri infection. In addition, the full spectrum of the host memory response against a secondary infection with H. polygyrus bakeri was severely impaired in IL-25−/− mice, including delayed type 2 cytokine responses, an attenuated functional response of the intestinal smooth muscle and epithelium, diminished intestinal smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, and impaired worm expulsion. Furthermore, exogenous administration of IL-25 restored the host protective memory response against H. polygyrus bakeri infection in IL-25−/− mice. These data demonstrate that IL-25 is critical for host protective immunity against H. polygyrus bakeri infection, highlighting its potential application as a therapeutic agent against parasitic nematode infection worldwide.
Electromagnetic field emitted by 902 MHz mobile phones shows no effects on children's cognitive function

The present study investigated the potential effects of a standard 902 MHz global system for mobile communication (GSM) mobile phone on 10–14 years old children's cognitive function. A total of 32 children (16 boys, 16 girls) participated with their own and parental consent. The subjects were 10–14 years old (mean 12.1 years, SD 1.1). They performed a battery of cognitive tests twice in a counter‐balanced order: once while exposed to an active mobile phone and once during exposure to an inactive phone. The tests were selected from those we used earlier with adults. The statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the mobile phone off and on conditions in reaction times and accuracy over all tests or in any single test. It was concluded that a standard mobile phone has no effect on children's cognitive function as measured by response speed and accuracy. The present results challenge some earlier findings suggesting that the electromagnetic field (EMF) created by an active mobile phone would facilitate cognitive functioning. Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 7:S144–S150, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three-dimensional tooth crown size symmetry in cleft lip and cleft palate.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare three-dimensional tooth size symmetry in the right and left sides of upper and lower dental arches in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients and to compare it with an Angle Class I normal occlusion control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental casts of 72 individuals with CLP (20 bilateral [BCLP], 34 unilateral left [ULCLP], and 18 unilateral right [URCLP]) and 53 individuals with Class I occlusion, all with permanent dentition, were randomly selected. Mesiodistal (MD), labiolingual (LL), and occlusogingival (OG) measurements of upper and lower teeth were recorded with a digital caliper. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Significant asymmetries were found between the right and left sides of the dental arches in CLP as follows: MD dimension: mandibular first premolar (ULCLP, P < .01); LL dimension: mandibular first premolar (URCLP, P < .05); OG dimension: maxillary central incisor and first premolar (ULCLP, P < .05 and P < .01, respectively), central incisor (BLCLP, P < .01), mandibular canine and first premolar (ULCLP, P < .01), and first molar (ULCLP, P < .05). Tooth crown size asymmetries were also recorded in the Class I group. CONCLUSIONS Significant three-dimensional tooth size asymmetries were found in CLP subjects; however, such asymmetries were also present on the Class I control group.
The influence of activities and duration on comfort and discomfort development in time of aircraft passengers.

BACKGROUND Discomfort increases when duration of sitting is longer. Aircraft passengers are subjected to prolonged sitting in restricted postures, which can cause discomfort. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between duration of sitting and development of discomfort, as well as the influence of different passenger activities. METHODS Participants (n = 18) performed four different activities in three conditions during an aircraft seat test. Discomfort was measured every 15 min on an 11-point scale. A short online survey asked passengers (n = 114) when they felt most refreshed during their last flight. RESULTS Discomfort was significantly lower during the 'food' activity for condition 2 (hot meal), compared to conditions 1 and 3 (drinks, snack). The largest decrease in discomfort was during the 15 min break between two conditions, in which participants could walk around. Respondents from the online survey indicated they felt most refreshed after food (34.8%), sleeping (27.0%) and walking through the plane (25.2%). Walking was mentioned more often as most refreshing activity by long-haul passengers (>6 h) compared to short-haul passengers (<2 h). CONCLUSIONS Passengers can be distracted from feeling discomfort by providing food and drinks. Airlines and seat manufacturers can increase comfort by stimulating passengers to move in their seat.