Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Banking Supervision

The sovereign debt crisis in Europe that started in early 2010 was the ground on which profound institutional reforms of the Economic Monetary Union (EMU) were put into place. It was triggered by the inability of Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and later on also Spain, to continue borrowing from the markets when fears increased that these Member States could default on their sovereign debt. The reasons why these Member States lost their access to the financial markets differed considerably, however. Greece had been suffering from a high level of indebtedness for many years, while rising sovereign debt in Ireland, Portugal and Spain was the result of public bail-outs of the national banking systems. The rescue measures in the latter countries had become necessary when, due to the financial crisis that preceded the debt crisis, a boom in the private housing markets came to a sudden halt. Common features of the development in all these countries were the high levels of sovereign debt and the strong dynamics of indebtedness, so that the governments lost their ability to borrow freely and at interest rates acceptable in the context of public budgetary systems.
First Record of Juncaceicola as Endophytic Fungi Associated with Deschampsia antarctica Desv.

In the current study, we present the molecular characterization of an endophyte fungus associated with the leaves of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae), a monocot species native to Antarctica. The isolate was obtained from 90 leaf fragments from two distinct collection sites, both located on Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands and Maritime Antarctica. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was sequenced and the endophytic fungus was identified as belonging to the genus Juncaceicola Tennakoon, Camporesi, Phook and K.D. Hyde (99% nucleotide sequence identity). When compared to all fungi of the genus Juncaceicola deposited in data base, our isolate showed greater proximity with Juncaceicola typharum, however, because it presents a low bootstrap value to be considered a new species, we treat it as Juncaceicola cf. typharum. Moreover, the identification of our isolate as belonging to the genus Juncaceicola makes this the first occurrence of a species of this genus to be associated with the leaves of Antarctic plants. This work is considered as a starting point for other studies with fungi of this genus associated with leaves of Deschampsia antarctica, as it presents results from two collection points on a single Antarctic island, suggesting that new sites and new Antarctic islands should be explored.
erythrocyte oxidative stress indices in female Wistar rats Influence of coadministration of artemether and lumefantrine on selected plasma biochemical and

Among the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) regimens, artemisinin derivative, artemether in combination with lumefantrine (artemether–lumefantrine, AL) has achieved excellent results in the fight against malarial scourge. In this study, we evaluated the toxic potential of these drugs at the therapeutic doses in female Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: those administered 1% Tween 80 (control), those administered artemether (4 mg/kg body weight), those administered lumefantrine (24 mg/ kg body weight), and those coadministered artemether (4 mg/kg body weight) and lumefantrine (24 mg/kg body weight). The drugs were orally administered twice daily for 3 days by gastric intubation after which selected plasma biochemical indices, and erythrocytes antioxidant defence and lipid peroxidation markers were evaluated. Coadministration of artemether and lumefantrine raised liver and renal function markers and increased atherogenic index. While reduced glutathione, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and catalase activities were reduced, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase activities increased in all the treated groups compared to the control group. The drugs caused significant (p < 0.05) elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the control group. These results imply that coadministration of artemether and lumefantrine may increase the risks of atherosclerosis as well as liver and renal function impairments in the users. In addition, the drugs may also promote oxidative stress in the erythrocytes.
Waist-to-height ratio (WtHR): proposed approach to establishing reference values for children and youths

Detection of central obesity is usually based on the criterion represented by the waist-to-height ratio (WtHR)≥ 0.50. However, that criterion has been disputed, especially in the period of growth. Since obesity cannot be reasonably defined without involving body fat content (%F), the aim of the study was to establish gender- and age-specific reference WtHR values for children and youths selected for an acceptable %F. In cohorts of 1193 boys and 1307 girls, aged 7–20 years, body fat content was determined from 3 skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, abdominal) using Slaughter’s equations. Next, 505 boys and 396 girls with acceptable fat percentage were selected and for them log WtHR values were computed. The equations for log WtHR values vs. age (a) were: (–0.31–0.01264a+0.000476a2)±0.0283 for boys and (–0.268–0.02047a+0 .00073a2)±0.0344 for girls. Upper WtHR limits (means +2SD) attained minimum values (0.460 and 0.454) in the age range of 12–15 years. When applying that criterion to subjects with excessive %F, 14.3% of all boys and 18.2% of girls were classified as centrally obese, but only 8.5 and 9.3%, respectively, when the WtHR=0.50 criterion alone was used. Cut-off values for WtHR indicating central obesity are markedly lower than 0.50 especially in the adolescence period and can be applied only to subjects with excessive fat percentage. POST-PUBLICATION NOTICES The study was partly supported by grants No. AWF-DS.153 and AWF-DM.10 of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Please note that the e-mail address of the corresponding author is rstupnicki@awf.edu. pl, not rstupnicki@auf.edu. pl
Cenozoic motion of the Philippine Sea Plate: Palaeomagnetic evidence from eastern Indonesia

The history of motion of the Philippine Sea Plate is poorly known because it is isolated from the oceanic ridge system. Interpretation of palaeomagnetic results from the plate has been controversial because declination data have been obtained only from the eastern margin where subduction-related tectonic processes may have caused local rather than plate-wide rotations. New palaeomagnetic data relevant to the problem have been obtained from 34 sites north of the Sorong Fault and 29 sites within the Sorong Fault system. These sites record south- ward movement during the Eocene and northward movement during the Neogene. Sites within the Sorong Fault system record both counterclockwise and clockwise rotations interpreted as the result of Neogene block movements at the southern boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate. North of the Sorong Fault, all sites record clockwise declinations. Neogene rocks have small deflections consistent with rotation about the present-day Eurasia-Philippine Sea Plate pole. Oligocene-middle Eocene rocks show consistent clockwise declination deflections of-40 o . Declinations of lower Eocene rocks indicate -90 o of clockwise rotation. We propose that the entire area north of the Sorong Fault in east Indonesia has always been part of the Philippine Sea Plate and that the whole plate has rotated clockwise in a discontinuous manner by approximately 90 o since the early Eocene. The new data from north of the Sorong Fault provide a basis for determining rotation poles which satisfy all the palaeomagnetic data from the Philippine Sea Plate and permit its reconstruction.
Solid-State Characterization of Candesartan Cilexetil (TCV-116): Crystal Structure and Molecular Mobility

Two polymorphs (form I, form II) and amorphous form of candesartan cilexetil ((±)-1-(cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl 2-ethoxy-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylate; TCV-116) were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), IR spectroscopy, and solid-state NMR. The molecular motion of TCV-116 in three forms was investigated by solid-state NMR, and signals due to the terminal cyclohexane ring of TCV-116 in form II were affected by temperature, whereas those in form I were scarcely affected. At lower (-89°C) and higher temperature (80°C), sharp signals due to the cyclohexane ring in form II were observed, whereas shallow signals were observed in the medium temperature range. These results indicated that the cyclohexane ring in form II presumably existed as the stable conformer : the chair form at lower temperature, and the chair form-chair form conformational change occurred at higher temperature. At the medium temperature, the broad and weak signals assigned to the cyclohexane ring in form II were presumably due to the flip-flop motion (correlation time being 10-4-10-5s) between the chair and boat forms. Results from the X-ray diffraction pattern and the crystal density also suggested that "free volume" for the flexible motion of the cyclohexane ring was present for form II.
Latent effects of gamma radiation on certain biological aspects of the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) as a new control technology

Certain biological aspects of three successive generations of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier resulted from the progeny of parental males and females irradiated with 10 and 20 krad were studied. Two crosses of treated males with normal females and normal males with treated females were examined and compared with normal males and females. The egg incubation period of the three successive generations of the red palm weevil was insignificantly differed except with 20krad in F1 progeny. The total larval period of both F1 and F2 was significantly varied with the treatment by gamma radiation, whereas that of F3 was insignificantly affected. The irradiation with 10 and 20 krad was significantly virulent on the pupal period duration of R. ferrugineus in F1 generation only. Finally, the total life cycle of both F1 and F2 was significantly affected by 10 and 20 krad, while that of F3 generation was insignificantly affected.
Effects of a Punitive Environment on Children's Executive Functioning: A Natural Experiment

Few studies have examined the influence of environmental factors on children’s executive functioning (EF) performance.The present study examined the effects of a punitive vs.non-punitiveschoolenvironmentonWestAfricanchildren’sEFskills.Tasksincluded a‘cool’(relatively non-affective) and‘hot’(relatively affective/motivational) version of three EF tasks: delay of gratification; gift delay; and dimensional change card sort. Children had more difficulties with the hot versions of the tasks than the cool versions, and older children outperformed younger children. After controlling for verbal ability (Peabody picture vocabulary test-third edition), a consistent pattern of interaction between school and grade level emerged. Overall, kindergarten children in the punitive school performed no differently than their counterparts in the non-punitive school. However, in grade 1, children in the punitive school performed significantly worse than theircounterpartsinthenon-punitiveschool.Theseresultspointtotheneedtoconsider interactionsamongdisciplinestyle,age,andinternalizationprocessesofself-regulation to better understand environmental influences on EF development.
Modeling RF passive circuits using coupled lines and scalable models

Coupled line sections are critical structures in distributed RF and microwave passive circuits. Their applications have been well known in the design of filters, and couplers. However, they also constitute the building blocks for other passive structures such as spiral inductors, transformers and capacitors. This paper presents an approach to model passive structures, such as rectangular spiral inductors, with the aid of common multi-line parameters. The multiple coupled line approach uses a distributed model, which can relate voltages and currents at the start and end of a multiple coupled line section using impedance and admittance matrices. The discontinuities in the circuit, such as the bends in inductors, can be modeled using scalable models. The system response for the complete passive structure is obtained using the theory of segmentation.
Generations of the polyphenic butterfly Araschnia levana differ in body design

The European Map Butterfly, Araschnia levana (Nymphalidae), represents a classical example of seasonal polymorphism, in which summer and spring generations differ strikingly in wing colour pattern. Although the physiological background to the formation of the two forms is well known, few studies have explored its possible ecological significance. Based on previous findings that both population number and body size tend to be larger in summer, we examined the hypothesis that the summer generation is more capable of long-distance dispersal. We re-analysed mark–recapture data on the butterfly using the multi-strata modelling design in the program MARK, compared biomechanical design traits of the spring- and summer-generation butterflies using canonical variate analysis, and tested for inter-generation differences in allometry relations of design traits to body size. The summer butterflies had shorter residence times and a higher probability of movements among capture sites than the spring butterflies, indicating greater mobility. Regarding the design traits, adults of summer-generation butterflies had a heavier thorax, lower abdomen to body mass ratio, larger wing area, less pointed wings and lower wing loading. The differences in design traits remained significant even after filtering out the effect of sex. Multiple regressions of the biomechanical traits against dry body mass confirmed the above differences between generations and showed that the differences were not only due to different body size. The results support the notion of greater mobility of summer-generation A. levana and suggest the possibility that differential dispersal is much more widespread in butterflies with multiple generations. This is well known in insect groups that demonstrate obvious wing size polymorphism, and might manifest itself in butterflies through more subtle shifts in body design proportions.
Evidence for temporal evolution in the M33 disc as traced by its star clusters

We present precision radial velocities and stellar population parameters for 77 star clusters in the Local Group galaxy M33. Our GTC and WHT observations sample both young, massive clusters and known/candidate globular clusters, spanning ages � 10 6 10 10 yr, and metallicities, [M/H] � 1.7 to solar. The cluster system exhibits an age-metallicity relation; the youngest clusters are the most metal-rich. When compared to HI data, clusters with [M/H]� 1.0 and younger than � 4 Gyr are clearly identified as a disc population. The clusters show evidence for strong time evolution in the disc radial metallicity gradient (d[M/H]dt / dR = 0.03 dex/kpc/Gyr). The oldest clusters have stronger, more negative gradients than the youngest clusters in M33. The clusters also show a clear age-velocity dispersion relation. The line of sight velocity dispersions of the clusters increases with age similar to Milky Way open clusters and stars. The general shape of the relation is reproduced by disc heating simulations, and the similarity between the relations in M33 and the Milky Way suggests that heating by substructure, and cooling of the ISM both play a role in shaping this relation. We identify 12 “classical” GCs, six of which are newly identified GC candidates. The GCs are more metal-rich than Milky Way halo clusters, and show weak rotation. The inner (R < 4.5 kpc) GCs exhibit a steep radial metallicity gradient (d[M/H]/dR = 0.29 ± 0.11 dex/kpc) and an exponential-like surface density profile. We argue that these inner GCs are thick disc rather than halo objects.
Accurate computation of leaky modes for anomalous layered models

Current research in seismic exploration or seismological engineering has been focused in shallow subsurface, which usually consists of unconsolidated sediments or weathered bedrock, or other types of anomalous medium properties characterized by high Poisson’s ratios. In such cases leaky waves may occur either as noise needed to be suppressed or as useful information to reveal the underlying seismic structure. Analysis may be undertaken in terms of leaky modes, which have been conventionally computed based on Haskell matrix method that suffers inherent shortcoming of loss of precision at high frequencies, or have been calculated in the real-number domain but with crude accuracy. An alternative method is proposed herein based on the generalized reflection/transmission coefficients, which searches the roots in the complex wavenumber domain and calculates the leaky modes naturally. This method is then tested for several typical anomalous layered models, and has been proved to be accurate and stable, and thus superior over the traditional methods. A powerful and efficient analyzing tool is thus offered and may be promisingly applied in seismic prospecting, geotechnical engineering, structural dynamics and other relevant areas.
Advances in Type Systems for Functional Logic

Type systems are widely used in programming languages as a powerful tool providing safety to programs, and forcing the programmers to write code in a clearer way. Functional-logic languages have inherited Damas & Milner type system from their functional part due to its simplicity and popularity. In this paper we address a couple of aspects that can be subject of improvement. One is related to a problematic feature of functional logic languages not taken under consideration by standard systems: it is known that the use of opaque HO patterns in left-hand sides of program rules may produce undesirable effects from the point of view of types. We re-examine the problem, and propose a Damas & Milner-like type system where certain uses of HO patterns (even opaque) are permitted while preserving type safety, as proved by a subject reduction result that uses HO-let-rewriting, a recently proposed operational semantics for HO functional logic programs. At the same time that we formalize the type system, we have made the effort of technically clarifying additional issues: one is the different ways in which polymorphism of local definitions can be handled, and the other is the overall process of type inference in a whole program.
Examining the Political and Practical Reality of Bus-based Real Time Passenger Information

Abstract Enhancing the bus experience through improved information provision is a key element of UK Government transport policy. Real time passenger information (RTPI) is perceived to reassure waiting passengers, to benefit the bus operator through increased revenue and the local authority, by promoting social inclusion and achieving a modal shift. RTPI also provides an important tool for operators by allowing them to monitor services and refine their schedules. The aim of this paper is to understand the reasons for implementing RTPI in the bus sector, and to determine the key issues impacting on the likely success of such a policy. A case study approach investigates the experiences of two provincial towns in the UK. The paper suggests that, whilst it is unclear whether RTPI has resulted in an increase in bus patronage, it is considered to be most effective when combined as part of a package of measures. It is intended that the findings from the two case studies will reveal lessons of relevance to authorities contemplating the introduction of RTPI.
Duration of meiosis in barley

The duration of meiosis and its stages has been estimated in Hordeum vulgare variety Sultan grown at 20-0 °C with continuous illumination. The results are in good agreement with a previous estimate of the duration of meiosis and some of its stages in barley. The duration in barley does not differ greatly from that predicted from the previously calculated regression of DNA amount on meiotic duration in diploid plant species. As in other cereal species, meiosis is comparatively short.
Bulk Cations and Trace Elements in the Nili-Ravi Buffalo and Crossbred Cow Bull Semen

A total of 36 semen samples, obtained from two Nili-Ravi buffalo and two Sahiwal X Friesian crossbred cow bulls were analyzed for four major cations and three trace elements. Among major cations, the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium averaged 319.2 ± 51.5, 64.5 ± 16.1, 30.0 ± 5.2 and 5.00 ± 0.9 mg/dl, respectively in the Nili-Ravi buffalo bull semen. The corresponding values for the crossbred cow bull semen were 460.3 ± 48.7, 177.9 ± 29.3, 25.3 ± 2.5 and 5.5 ± 0.9 mg/dl. The cow bull semen had significantly higher (p<0.01) sodium and potassium but lower calcium contents than the buffalo bull semen, while the difference in magnesium content between the two species was non-significant. Average concentrations of both copper and iron were significantly higher (p<0.01) in the crossbred cow than in the Nili-Ravi buffalo bull semen while the zinc concentration was comparable between bulls of the two species. In the Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls, the ejaculatory volume showed a significantly positive correlation (p<0.05) with magnesium and iron contents and a significantly negative correlation with zinc contents of semen. Similarly, the percentage of dead sperm was positively correlated with magnesium and copper contents of the semen while negatively correlated with zinc contents. In the crossbred cow bulls, only the iron contents of semen showed a significantly positive correlation with the motile sperm percentage, while all other correlations were non significant. These results emphasize the need for separate extenders for the proper preservation of semen from bulls of the two species.
C O ] 1 4 M ay 2 01 3 Degree powers in C 5-free graphs ∗

Let G be a graph with degree sequence d1, d2, . , dn. Given a positive integer p, denote by ep(G) = ∑n i=1 d p i . Caro and Yuster introduced a Turántype problem for ep(G): given an integer p, how large can ep(G) be if G has no subgraph of a particular type. They got some results for the subgraph of particular type to be a clique of order r + 1 and a cycle of even length, respectively. Denote by exp(n,H) the maximum value of ep(G) taken over all graphs with n vertices that do not contain H as a subgraph. Clearly, ex1(n,H) = 2ex(n,H), where ex(n,H) denotes the classical Turán number. In this paper, we consider exp(n,C5) and prove that for any positive integer p and sufficiently large n, there exists a constant c = c(p) such that the following holds: if exp(n,C5) = ep(G) for some C5-free graph G of order n, then G is a complete bipartite graph having one vertex class of size cn + o(n) and the other (1− c)n + o(n).
Economics of Alliances: The Lessons for Collective Action

This essay provides an up-to-date summary of the findings of the literature on the economics of alliances. We show that the study of the economics of alliances has played a pivotal role in understanding and applying public good analysis to real-world applications. We establish that the manner in which alliances address burden sharing and allocative issues is related to strategic doctrines, weapon technology, perceived threats, and membership composition. Past contributions are evaluated, and areas needing further development are identified. The theoretical and empirical knowledge gained from the study of alliances is shown to be directly applicable to a wide range of international collectives.