Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for Extracting Frequent Episodes in the Process of Temporal Data Mining

An important aspect in the data mining process is the discovery of patterns having a great influence on the studied problem. The purpose of this paper is to study the frequent episodes data mining through the use of parallel pattern discovery algorithms. Parallel pattern discovery algorithms offer better performance and scalability, so they are of a great interest for the data mining research community. In the following, there will be highlighted some parallel and distributed frequent pattern mining algorithms on various platforms and it will also be presented a comparative study of their main features. The study takes into account the new possibilities that arise along with the emerging novel Compute Unified Device Architecture from the latest generation of graphics processing units. Based on their high performance, low cost and the increasing number of features offered, GPU processors are viable solutions for an optimal implementation of frequent pattern mining algorithms
Price Reversal Pattern of ARV Drugs: A Transaction-Cost Approach Digression

A price reversal pattern of ARV drugs was noted across lower and middle income countries in that the lower-income countries have higher prices relative to higher-income countries based on a 2008-2009 Summary Report by World Health Organization. The transaction costs affecting AVR drug pricing can be broadly classified into two kinds: One between the final users and the opinion/knowledge experts, and the other between the opinion/knowledge experts and the manufacturers. Economist’s version of price discrimination needs to be modified by including transaction costs. Transaction costs also point to institution creditability factors that will affect NGO procurement.
Trends in Hours, Balanced Growth and the Role of Technology in the Business Cycle

The present paper revisits a property embedded in most dynamic macroeconomic models: the stationarity of hours worked. First, I argue that, contrary to what is often believed, there are many reasons why hours could be nonstationary in those models, while preserving the property of balanced growth. Second, I show that the postwar evidence for most industrialized economies is clearly at odds with the assumption of stationary hours per capita. Third, I examine the implications of that evidence for the role of technology as a source of economic fluctuations in the G7 countries.
An Examination of Personal Humor Style and Humor Appreciation in Others

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between individuals’ humor styles and their appreciation of various humor styles as presented by others. Eighty-five undergraduate John Carroll University students completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire and rated the funniness of six stand-up comedy routines, representing either aggressive, self-defeating, or affiliative humor styles with one male and one female comedian for each humor style. A mixed model Analysis of Variance revealed no relationship between humor style and humor appreciation. However, an examination of the effect of gender showed that men were more likely than women to endorse and appreciate aggressive and self-defeating humor styles.
The beam pattern of the IRAM 30-m telescope (a reflector with several surface error distributions)

Total power scans across the Moon around New Moon (mostly day time) and Full Moon (night time) at 3.4 mm (88 GHz), 2.0 mm (150 GHz), 1.3 mm (230GHz), and 0.86 mm (350 GHz) wavelength are used to derive the beam pattern of the IRAM 30-m telescope to a level of approximately -30 dB(0.1%) and, dependent on wavelength, to a full width of 1000 - 1400''. From the reflector surface construction and application of the antenna tolerance theory we find that the measurable beam consists of the diffracted beam, two underlying error beams which can be explained from the panel dimensions, and a beam deformation mostly due to large-scale transient residual thermal deformations of the telescope structure. In view of the multiple beam structure of the 30-m telescope, and of other telescopes with a similar reflector construction of (mini-)panels and panel frames, we summarize the antenna tolerance theory for the influence of several independent surface/wave front deformations. This theory makes use of different correlation lengths, which in essence determine the independent error distributions, and of the wavelength-scaling of the diffracted beam and of the error beams. From the Moon scans we derive the parameters for calculation of the 30-mtelescope beam in the wavelength range 3 mm to 0.8 mm as required for the reduction of astronomical observations, in particular of extended sources. The parameters of the beam are primarily for the time after July 1997 when the reflector was re-adjusted and improved to the illumination weighted surface precision of sigma _T = 0.065 - 0.075 mm.In the Appendix we explain the choice for this analysis of scans taken around New Moon and Full Moon.
Behavioural , Haematological and Histopathological Changes in the African Catfish , Clarias gariepinus Exposed to 2 , 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ( 2 , 4-D )

The herbicide, 2,4-D is commonly used to control broad leaf weeds in agriculture and to eliminate aquatic weeds. Run-offs to floodplains that serve as breeding sites of some fish species such as Clarias gariepinus is common. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 2,4-D on the behaviour, haematology and histology of the African catfish, C. gariepinus, in order to understand its toxicity. Juvenile catfish weighing 10.03±14.1g were exposed to lethal concentrations and subsequently three sublethal concentrations (0.43, 0.58 and 0.72mg/L) of 2,4-D. The behaviour of the fish was observed during exposure and after 96h, the blood and tissues from the liver, kidney, fin, brain and gills were collected and analyzed. The result showed that exposed fish displayed signs of asphyxiation. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) significantly decreased by 17-40% while white blood cell (WBC) increased significantly (p<0.05) by 78-137% in a concentration dependent pattern. Histopathological analysis showed extensive damage to the liver, kidney, fin, brain and gills of the fish exposed to sublethal concentration, which suggests that 2,4-D causes deleterious harm to hepatocytes and renal, neural, fin and gill cells. Damage to the gill filaments could impair oxygen uptake resulting in asphyxia and consequently death over a period. The study clearly shows that C. gariepinus is highly susceptible to the toxicity of 2,4-D, therefore the use of this herbicide in rice paddies near the breeding sites of the fish should be discouraged.
Possible sources of methane-derived carbon for chironomid larvae

In freshwater food webs, a substantial contribution of methane-derived carbon for the nutrition of larvae of the macroinvertebrate species Chironomus plumosus has been proposed from stable carbon isotope analysis. We investigated if the larvae feed on methanogenic Archaea or methane-oxidising bacteria (MOB), and whether the carbon transfer is based on digestion of the microbial biomass or on a symbiotic relationship. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with lar- val tissue thin sections showed that the larvae are not inhabited by methanogens or MOB as sym- bionts or part of their tissue and gut microflora. Furthermore, clone libraries for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from larval tissue and comparative denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of sediment and larval DNA samples showed that the eubacterial community present in the larval gut is dominated by anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, whereas MOB were only rarely found. Additionally, comparative quantitative PCR assays for Eubacteria and Archaea from sediment samples, larval tissue and gut content revealed a strong enrichment of Eubacteria in the larval gut. Consequently, MOB and methanogens were not detected in amounts high enough to explain the larval δ 13 C signatures by direct feeding on their biomass. Thus, the microorganisms might be degraded too fast in the larval gut to be detected by the methods used, or the larvae feed indirectly on MOB- or methanogen-derived carbon, e.g. by feeding on meiofauna which itself is grazing on these microorganisms, or by feeding on organisms growing on MOB-derived carbon metabolites like methanol or carbon dioxide.
Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction of the elderly who practice weight training

Abstract Introduction: The body image is a multidimensional construct of the internal and external representations of the corporal structures added to the physical appearance, which can be influenced by aging. The weight training can be an important exercise to help elderly to face all the changes arising from aging, being one of them the dissatisfaction with body image. Objective: This study aims at identifying the factors associated with body image dissatisfaction of the elderly who practice weight training. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study. The sample, chosen by convenience and intentionally, embraced 174 male and female elderly subjects who practice weight training at one of the 15 fitness centers drawn for the research that offered this modality of physical exercise in Maringá city, state of Paraná, Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic and health profile questions was used, as well as the BSQ to assess body dissatisfaction. Data analysis was carried out by using a descriptive inferential statistical approach with the Chi-squared test, Fischer's exact test, and binary logistic regression, adopting a significance when p < 0.05. Results: The majority of the elderly showed no body dissatisfaction (82.2%). There was a significant association among the absence of body dissatisfaction and the following items: retirement (p = 0.031), current study (p = 0.035), self perception of health (p = 0.016), body self perception (p = 0.001), and practice time (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the sociodemographic factors are intervenient when considering body dissatisfaction of the elderly people who practice weight training.
Seismic reflection imaging of water mass boundaries in the Norwegian Sea

Results from the first joint temperature and seismic reflection study of the ocean demonstrate that water mass boundaries can be acoustically mapped. Multichannel seismic profiles collected in the Norwegian Sea show reflections between the Norwegian Atlantic Current and Norwegian Sea Deep Water. The images were corroborated with a dense array of expendable bathythermographs and expendable conductivity‐temperature depth profiles delineating sharp temperature gradients over vertical distances of ∼5–15 m at depths over which reflections occur. Fine structure from both thermohaline intrusions and internal wave strains is imaged. Low‐amplitude acoustic reflections correspond to temperature changes as small as 0.03°C implying that seismic reflection methods can image even weak fine structure.
The effect of interpolation on imaging and AVO: A Viking case study

The use of prestack interpolation prior to prestack migration to improve AVO analysis on image gathers is demonstrated on an exploration play. The interpolation achieves this improvement by reducing migration artifacts. AVO analysis attempts to estimate fundamental information from surface seismic data and likely will be used more frequently if the estimates can be more accurately produced. Land 3D seismic typically has poor and irregular sampling. This poor sampling creates migration noise, which is a material cause of inaccurate AVO estimates. Prestack 5D interpolation is applied prior to prestack migration and AVO analysis on the imaged gathers to address this noise problem. The interpolation algorithm includes offset and azimuth dimensions that preserve AVO information. This method is evaluated bycomparing the results to those of alternate approaches, such as superbinning, that suppress this kind of noise in AVO analysis. The evaluation is determined by comparing our ability to predict the reservoir q.
Best Practice for Treatment of Vaccination Side-effects with Antipyretic and Analgesic Medications

Best Practice for Treatment of Vaccination Side-effects with Antipyretic and Analgesic Medications Meridith G. Lind College of Nursing BYU Master of Science Nurse Practitioners (NPs) are on the frontlines providing parental education regarding vaccines. While there are several reasons for vaccine hesitancy, the potential side-effects of vaccine administration, such as pain and/or elevated temperature, are often cited as a parental concern. According to research, prophylactic administration of an antipyretic/analgesic medication, such as acetaminophen, reduces vaccine side-effects when administered prior to or at the time of vaccination. Additionally, the evidence that prophylactic administration of antipyretic/analgesic medication decreases antibody response to vaccinations is insufficient at this time. Thus, NPs should reassure parents that an antipyretic/analgesic medication can be administered prior to or at the time of vaccination to prevent or reduce side-effects, which may then reduce vaccine hesitancy among parents.
Influence of Three Cropping Sequences and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Flax Productivity and Profitability Under Different Planting Dates in Sandy Soil

The development of modern ecologically and profitable management for flax has a significant importance. A two-year study was carried out at Ismailia Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, ARC, Ismailia governorate, Egypt during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to decrease mineral nitrogen (N) inputs of flax with increasing profitability for Egyptian farmer under different cropping sequences and planting dates in sandy soil. This experiment included 27 treatments which were the combinations of three cropping sequences (peanut / flax, peanut /fahl berseem/ flax and peanut / fodder maize / flax), three flax planting dates (5th November, 15th November and 25th November) and three mineral N fertilizer rates (107.1, 142.8 and 178.5 kg N/ha). A split split plot distribution in randomized complete block design was used. The results indicated growing fahl berseem in the transition period between peanut and flax increased plant height, technical length of the main stem, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 – seed weight, seed yields per plant and per ha and oil, straw and fiber yields per ha in comparison with those grown after peanut or fodder maize. On the other hand, growing flax after peanut or fodder maize increased flax seed oil content. Seed, oil, straw and fiber yields per ha were decreased with delaying planting date of flax. The highest mineral N fertilizer rate had the highest values of plant height, technical length of the main stem, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 – seed weight, seed yields per plant and per ha and oil, straw and fiber yields per ha. Conversely, flax seed oil content was decreased by increasing mineral N fertilizer rates. With regard to all the interactions of this study, all the studied traits of flax were affected significantly by all the interactions. Growing flax plants in the early date (5th November) after cutting fahl berseem gave the highest seed, oil, straw and fiber yields per ha with decreasing mineral N fertilizer rate per ha by twenty five percent under sandy soil conditions.
Large Scale Field Aligned Current derived from Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 Satellite. Comparison with Empirical Models

Large Scale (LS) Field Aligned Currents (FAC) distribution at high latitudes is studied on the base of Intercosmos- Bulgaria-1300 satellite observations. It is shown that observed LS-FAC strength and thickness as a whole do not coincide with predictions of well-known empirical LS-FAC models. Possible reasons of this non-coincidence are suggested. Among them are: (a) errors due to identification of FAC regions with respect to satellite position; (b) incorrect selection of model input parameters; (c) smoothing of Magnetic Field (MF) measurements done in models' construction processes. To check some of the reasons mentioned, time intervals of nearly constant or slowly varying Solar Wind (SW) and Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) parameters, when large-scale FACs can be considered in steady-state conditions are selected. We analyze the non-coincidence between the measured and modeled FACs both in magnitude and position and conclude that the smoothing of the MF measurements during model construction is the most probable source of the discrepancies found.
Discussion Paper Series Fair Trade in the Fields of Florida : The Impact of the Penny-Per-Pound on Tomato Pickers Hyejin Ku CPD 16

Despite the enduring appeal of fair trade activism, little evidence exists on its effectiveness in improving producer welfare. This paper provides evidence on the direct effects of a fair trade premium on its target beneficiaries, using the case of the Penny-Per-Pound, a program that increased the piece-rate wages received by tomato pickers in Florida. It highlights that in output-constraint settings, common in agriculture, a piece-rate compensation scheme can result in externalities among workers. By inadvertently incentivizing the workers to increase their effort whereas the total output is fixed, the program amplified the externality and generated unforeseen risks for worker displacement. JEL Codes : J88, M52, O13
Pathological characteristics and predictive factors of prostate biopsy in patients with serum PSA levels between 0 and 4.0 ng/ml

Background This study aimed to analyze the pathological characteristics and predictive factors of prostate biopsy in men with PSA levels below 4.0 ng/ml. Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed 158 patients who underwent prostate biopsy with PSA levels below 4.0 ng/ml. Pathological results were statistically analyzed. The logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictive factors for malignant outcomes. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients who received surgery and the postoperative pathological upgrading was counted. Results A total of 143 patients were enrolled. The tumor detection rate was 20.3%. Among these patients, most of them (79.3%) had prostate adenocarcinoma, but rare malignant tumors also accounted for 20.7%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the only independent predictive factor for a positive prostate biopsy was the PI-RADS score. For prostate adenocarcinoma cases, 95.7% of them were organ localized and 47.8% of cases were clinically significant. Subgroup analysis was performed on 14 patients who received surgical treatment. 28.6% of patients were upgraded to clinically significant prostate cancer, while 64.3% of patients had an upgrade in tumor stage. Conclusion Our study indicated that 20.3% of men with PSA levels between 0 and 4.0 ng/ml were diagnosed with prostate malignancies. Among these patients, most of them (79.3%) were diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, and several uncommon types of malignancies were also detected in 20.7% of patients. The only risk factor for a positive biopsy in patients with a low PSA concentration was the PI-RADS score. It should be emphasized that the invasiveness of PCa patients diagnosed by biopsy may be underestimated as more than half of patients will upgrade their Gleason score or clinical stages after surgery. Thus, clinicians should pay more attention to patients with PSA levels between 0 and 4.0 ng/ml.
The Effects of Experience and Task â€“ Specific Knowledge on Auditorsâ€™ Performance in Assessing A Fraud Case

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships of auditorsâ€™ experience, knowledge, and performance. Specifically, it examined whether the task-specific knowledge variable could affect the relationship between the auditorâ€™s experience and performance in assessing a fraud. The study hypothesized that task-specific knowledge will improve auditorsâ€™ performance in a fraud risk task. Additionally, it hypothesized that the combination of experience and fraud training would improve auditorsâ€™ performance in assessing the task. Using a sample of 64 auditors and 42 students, as expected, the study provided support for the hypotheses. Key words: Auditorsâ€™ experience; task-specific knowledge; auditorsâ€™ performance; fraud.
The weakly asymmetric simple exclusion process

The one dimensional n.n. simple exclusion process with generator E 2 Lo + E -1 La, E > o, is considered, Lo and LQ being respectively the generators of the symmetric and totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes. Propagation of chaos and convergence to the Burgers equation with viscosity are proven in the limit when 8 goes to zero. The density fluctuation field is shown to converge to a generalized Ornstein Uhlenbeck process with mean zero. The time asymptotic covariance kernel is explicitly computed for traveling wave profiles and the result indicates that the shock profile is stable while its space location fluctuates around its average position like a brownian motion. Its diffusion coefficient is explicitly computed.
An evaluation for model testability approaches

Design for testability is a very important issue in software engineering. It becomes crucial in the case of Model Based Testing where models are generally not tested before using as input of Model Based Testing. The quality of design models (e.g.; UML models), has received less attention, which are main artifacts of any software design. Testability tends to make the validation phase more efficient in exposing faults during testing, and consequently to increase quality of the end-product to meet required specifications. Testability modeling has been researched for many years. Unfortunately, the modeling of a design for testability is often performed after the design is complete. This limits the functional use of the testability model to determining what level of test coverage is available in the design. This information may be useful to help assess whether a product meets the target requirement to achieve a desired level of test coverage, but has little proactive effect on making the design more testable.
EFFECT OF DISCOVERY METHOD ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT'S ACHIEVEMENT IN PHYSICS IN KENYA

In Kenya, the teaching of physics faces the challenge of poor performance due to inadequate laboratory equipment and trained teachers. These challenges have caused students to lack motivation in pursuing the subject. Further, some students have missed to get into careers that are physics based due to under achievement. Earlier studies have revealed that teaching through experiments greatly improves students understanding and retention of scientific facts. This study specifically sought to determine the effects of Discovery Experimental Method (DEM) on secondary school student’s achievement in physics in Kenya. The Solomon four group experimental research design was used in the study. The study was carried out in four secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County in Kenya. Students in experimental groups were taught using the DEM while those in control groups were taught using the Teacher Demonstration Method (TDM). Pre-test exam was administered to one experimental group and one control group to determine whether students had any pre- existing knowledge on the topic of cells and simple circuits in the form two physics syllabus. This study established the effects of discovery method (DE) on secondary school students’ achievement in physics. The study revealed that the DEM had significant effect on the achievement of students by enhancing knowledge retention and instilling confidence.