Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions audiovisuelles pour l'analyse de scènes auditives

Percevoir la parole dans le bruit represente une operation complexe pour notre systeme perceptif. Pour parvenir a analyser cette scene auditive, nous mettons en place des mecanismes de segregation auditive. Nous pouvons egalement lire sur les levres pour ameliorer notre comprehension de la parole. L'hypothese initiale, presentee dans ce travail de these, est que ce benefice visuel pourrait en partie reposer sur des interactions entre l'information visuelle et les mecanismes de segregation auditive. Les travaux realises montrent que lorsque la coherence audiovisuelle est importante, les mecanismes de segregation precoce peuvent etre renforces. Les mecanismes de segregation tardives, quant a eux, ont ete demontre comme mettant en jeu des processus attentionnels. Ces processus attentionnels pourraient donc etre renforces par la presentation d'un indice visuel lie perceptivement. Il apparait que ce liage entre un flux de voyelles et un indice visuel elementaire est possible mais cependant moins fort que lorsque l'indice visuel possede un contenu phonetique. En conclusion, les resultats presentes dans ce travail suggerent que les mecanismes de segregation auditive puissent etre influences par un indice visuel pour peu que la coherence audiovisuelle soit importante comme dans le cas de la parole.
Toxic Metals in the Crude Propolis and Its Transfer Rate to the Ethanolic Extract

Concentrations of six toxic metals (Ni, Cr, Hg, Cd, Pb and Sn) in 106 samples of Brazilian crude propolis and the transfer rate of these contaminants to ethanolic extract of propolis were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show the presence of all the analyzed metals in the samples of crude propolis of São Paulo and Minas Gerais States. Regarding the transfer of these metals to ethanolic extract of propolis, a significant reduction was observed for all metals analyzed. The crude propolis can be considered as an indicator of toxic metals in the environment and the reduction observed in the ethanolic extract of propolis makes the product safe for consumption.
ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE : THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AND TEACHERS IN MAKURDI TOWNSHIP , BENUE STATE , NIGERIA

This study determined which topics in the English language curriculum for senior secondary school are perceived by students and teachers as difficult. It also examined difficult topics vis-à-vis English language achievement. Seven research questions were answered using descriptive statistics and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using t-test statistics. The study involving twelve English language teachers and one hundred and eighty seven students was carried out in Makurdi Township, Benue State, Nigeria during the second term of 2015/16 academic session. A selfdeveloped questionnaire with closed-ended items was used to elicit data. Since the researcher relied on the opinion of the respondents for data collection, survey design was chosen as method of research. The results of the analysis showed that out of the 35 topics selected from the SSCE syllabus and prescribed textbooks for English at that level, teachers perceived 14 as difficult topics, while students perceived 22 as difficult topics. The reasons why they were experiencing difficulty with the topics were poor reading and study skills, absence of motivation, hatred for English language, poor experience with the subject, and poor teaching methods. The study recommended remedial teaching of difficult topics, the use of ICT; retraining of teachers, peer teaching, and professionalization of teachers as steps to improve English language teaching and learning.
The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: IV. Global properties of C III] emitters

The C III] 1907,1909 emission doublet has been proposed as an alternative to Lyman-alpha in redshift confirmations of galaxies at z > 6 since it is not attenuated by the largely neutral intergalactic medium at these redshifts and is believed to be strong in the young, vigorously star-forming galaxies present at these early cosmic times. We present a statistical sample of 17 C III]-emitting galaxies beyond z~1.5 using 30 hour deep VLT/MUSE integral field spectroscopy covering 2 square arcminutes in the Hubble Deep Field South (HDFS) and Ultra Deep Field (UDF), achieving C III] sensitivities of ~2e-17 erg/s/cm^2 in the HDFS and ~7e-18 erg/s/cm^2 in the UDF. The rest-frame equivalent widths range from 2 to 19 Angstroms. These 17 galaxies represent ~3% of the total sample of galaxies found between 1.5 < z < 4. They also show elevated star formation rates, lower dust attenuation, and younger mass-weighted ages than the general population of galaxies at the same redshifts. Combined with deep slitless grism spectroscopy from the HST/WFC3 in the UDF, we can tie the rest-frame ultraviolet C III] emission to rest-frame optical emission lines, namely [O III] 5007, finding a strong correlation between the two. Down to the flux limits that we observe (~1e-18 erg/s/cm^2 with the grism data in the UDF), all objects with a rest-frame [O III] 4959,5007 equivalent width in excess of 250 Angstroms, the so-called Extreme Emission Line Galaxies, have detections of C III] in our MUSE data. More detailed studies of the C III]-emitting population at these intermediate redshifts will be crucial to understand the physical conditions in galaxies at early cosmic times and to determine the utility of C III] as a redshift tracer.
FEASIBILITY OF MULTIPLE NON-SPEECH SOUNDS PRESENTATION USING HEADPHONES

This paper describes a study of listeners' ability to segregate spatially separated sources of non-speech sounds. Short sounds from musical instruments were played over headphones at different spatial positions using stereo panning or 3-D audio processing with Head-Related Transfer Functions. The number of sound positions was limited to five in this study. One, three or five sound items were played to the listener, multiple sounds being presented with four different onset times from simultaneous to successive replay. The subjects had to spatially discriminate one sound item, i.e. identify a given instrument and find its position. Performance was assessed by measure of response time and error-rate. A preference grading was also included in this test to compare the two headphone presentation techniques employed.
Assessment of Network RTK Performance using CORSnet-NSW

CORSnet-NSW is a rapidly growing network of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) providing fundamental positioning infrastructure for New South Wales (NSW) that is accurate, reliable and easy to use. This positioning infrastructure supports a wide range of GNSS applications in areas such as surveying, agriculture, mining and construction. This paper briefly outlines the difference between the traditional, single-base Real Time Kinematic (RTK) and the Network RTK (NRTK) approaches. It continues to report on extensive testing carried out at several locations in eastern NSW to investigate the performance of the CORSnet-NSW NRTK service outside the Sydney metropolitan area, and with larger inter-CORS distances than those found in Sydney (25 km on average). Comparisons are made between NRTK and single-base RTK operation over varying distances to illustrate the performance of NRTK in the study areas. The achievable precision was investigated over multiple days at four different locations, while the achievable accuracy was determined by comparison to the State’s survey ground control network over several days in seven test areas exhibiting a range of NRTK scenarios and cell sizes. These tests have shown that while NRTK has the same ‘look and feel’ as single-base RTK, it produces superior coordinate results in regards to both precision and accuracy. The benefit of averaging observations over a window of 1-2 minutes and re-occupying points 10-30 minutes later is illustrated. It is also shown that coordinate quality (CQ) indicators provided by the GNSS rover equipment are often overly optimistic, even under the favourable satellite visibility and multipath conditions encountered during our tests, and should therefore be used with caution.
Coexistence of jadeite and quartz in garnet of the Sanbagawa metapelite from the Asemi–gawa region, central Shikoku, Japan

Coexistence of jadeite (Jd92) and quartz was newly found in an inner segment of a composite–zoned garnet from a metapelite in the southern albite–biotite zone of the Asemi–gawa region, Sanbagawa belt in central Shikoku, Japan. The assemblage of jadeite + quartz in garnet gives a minimum metamorphic pressure of 1.4–1.9 GPa at 500–700 °C, which was significantly higher than that previously proposed for epidote–amphibolite facies conditions in the albite–biotite zone. Garnet includes quartz retaining high residual pressure (Δω1 values up to 11.7 cm−1), which is comparable to the residual pressure reported in eclogite and metapelite within the eclogite unit in central Shikoku. These results imply that (1) the inner segment of the composite–zoned garnet records prograde recrystallization under high–pressure blueschist to eclogite facies conditions and (2) at least a part of the southern albite–biotite zone of the Asemi–gawa region recrystallized under higher pressure conditions prior to the regional metamorphism from the greenschist to epidote–amphibolite facies that formed the regional thermal structure of the Sanbagawa belt of central Shikoku.
Lipids and stable isotopes in common eider, black-legged kittiwake and northern fulmar: a trophic study from an Arctic fjord

Lipid class and fatty acid compositions were determined in common eider (Somateria mollissima), black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) from Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. Muscle and liver were sampled in all species, while fat tissue was sampled in eiders and fulmars. Triacylglycerols (TAG) dominated the lipid class compositions of all tissues, and the major fatty acids found in TAG were: 18:1n9, 16:0, 18:0, 20:5n3 and 16:1n7 for eider; 16:0, 18:1n9, 18:0, 20:1n9 and 16:1n7 for kittiwake; 18:1n9, 16:0, 20:1n9, 22:1n11, and 18:0 for fulmar. To attain information on prey composition, fatty acid signature analysis was performed on muscle fatty acid profiles of the bird species, together with fatty acid data from potential prey species. This study of lipids combined with stable isotopes supports the following findings: (1) Common eiders are strongly linked to the benthic food chain, through both fatty acid compositions (high levels of 20:4n6) and stable isotope values (high levels of δ 13 C). (2) Black-legged kittiwakes and northern fulmars are linked to the pelagic food chain, through both fatty acid compositions (high levels of 20:1n9 and 22:1n11) and stable isotope values (low levels of δ 13 C). The high level of 20:1 and 22:1 moieties also indicates the importance of Calanus in the Arctic pelagic food chain supporting fulmar and kittiwake. (3) The levels δ 15 N show that of the 3 species, the fulmar occupies the highest trophic level, followed by kittiwake and common eider.
Examination of Occupational Anxiety Levels and Academic Self-efficacy of Physical Education Teacher Candidates

This study aims at determining the occupational anxiety level of pre-service physical education teachers according to variables, and revealing the correlation between occupational anxiety and academic self-efficacy. Study group consists of 586 pre-service teachers from 10 different universities in Turkey. Data is collected by “Occupational Anxiety Scale for Pre-Service Teachers (OAS)” and “Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES)”. T-test and One-Way ANOVA are used for data analysis, and Levene test is conducted for variance equality. Confidence interval is . 95. For gender variables, the results reveal that women’s occupational anxiety is significantly higher than men’s in the dimensions of OAS “total occupational anxiety”, “socio-economic anxiety” and “school management anxiety” (p<.05). According to grade levels, there is significant differentiation in the dimension of OAS “total occupational anxiety”, “job-oriented anxiety”, “socio-economic anxiety”, “interaction with students’ anxiety”, “colleagues and students’ parents anxiety” (p<.05). For variables of participation in socio-cultural and sportive activities and in “socio-economic” dimension, the participants, who never participate in any activities, have significantly higher level of occupational anxiety than those who regularly participate in activities (p<.05). There is also a negative correlation between OAS and ASES (p<.01).
The analysis and understanding of butterfly community structure based on the concept of generalist vs. specialist strategies : a new approach to biological community analysis

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・3 General Introduction・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 7 Chapter 1: Patterns in the structure of butterfly communities along an environmental gradient of human disturbance based on the concept of generalist vs. specialist strategies ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・10 Chapter 2: Reexamination of the butterfly community patterns based on the generalist/specialist concept along a grassland habitat gradient of human disturbance in a different region ・・・・・・・・・・・25 Chapter 3: Analyses of butterfly community structure and composition through multivariate approaches and the concept of generalist/ specialist strategies, and conservation implications ・・・・・・・36 Chapter 4: Application of the community analysis based on the generalist/ specialist concept to the environmental evaluation of habitat islands: The island biogeographical analysis of butterfly community structure in the newly designed parks of Tsukuba City ・・・・・・・・・47 Concluding Remarks ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 62 Acknowledgments ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 65 References ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 66 Appendices ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・75
On certain semigroups of full contraction maps of a finite chain

Let $X_{n}=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ with its natural order and let ${\cal T}_{n}$ be the full transformation semigroup on $X_{n}$. A map $\alpha\in{\cal T}_{n}$ is said to be order-preserving if, for all $x,y\in X_{n}$, $x\leq y\Rightarrow x\alpha\leq y\alpha$. The map $\alpha\in{\cal T}_{n}$ is said to be a contraction if, for all $x,y\in X_{n}$, $|x\alpha-y\alpha|\leq |x-y|$. Let ${\cal CT}_{n}$ and ${\cal OCT}_{n}$ denote, respectively, subsemigroups of all contraction maps and all order-preserving contraction maps in ${\cal T}_{n}$. In this paper we present characterisations of Green's relations on ${\cal CT}_{n}$ and starred Green's relations on both ${\cal CT}_{n}$ and ${\cal OCT}_{n}$.
Studying the Vegetation Changes of Natural Rangelands in Inche Shorezar of Agh Ghala, North Golestan Province, Iran

Studies on vegetation changes of rangelands under grazed and non-grazed conditions are of great importance in the range management planning programs. To determine the change process of vegetation, this study was performed in Inche Shorezar site of Golestan province for nine years (1997-2005). The vegetation parameters were measured every year in several fixed plots inside and adjacent of exclosures. The canopy cover of each species was estimated in each plot. Forage production was randomly measured on one meter square plots in each year using the clipping and weighing method. Correlations between canopy cover of species and growth forms with the rainfall of different months and periods were calculated using SPSS software. Results showed that total canopy cover in 2005 was significantly higher than 1997 both inside and adjacent of exclosures which has been mainly related to increased annual plant cover but the perennial canopy cover was decreased in these years. Perennial species of (class I) did not grow inside the fixed plots. Cover of increasers (class II) species was reduced from the first year to the final one for both inside and adjacent of exclosures. However, the cover of (class III) species in the final year was not significantly increased than that for the first year. Forage production generally was higher inside than adjacent of exclosures. Litter increased during the study period for both inside and adjacent. Litter was significantly higher inside of exclosures than adjacent in 2005. Although the plant canopy cover was affected by rainfall but correlation coefficient was statistically significant only for total, annual and some perennial canopy cover species. Although total and annual cover was high inside and adjacent of exclosures in 2005, the cover of perennials was decreased. By the reduction of palatable species, unpalatable species were increased inside and adjacent. Although by increasing the plant cover, the range condition was relatively improved, this improvement was achieved by the increase in the annuals instead of perennials. It was concluded that the exclosure cannot be used as a range improvement method to improve these rangelands' conditions. For the rehabilitation of these areas, human interference is necessary.
Current Practices of Construction and Demolition Waste Management (CDWM): Based on Observations at Swedish Construction Site

The purpose of this master thesis is to understand the current practice of Construction and Demolition Waste Management (CDWM) in the case area of a Swedish construction site. In addition, this paper aims to comprehend how Building Information Modelling (BIM) could support CDWM in the case area. This paper presents a case area of Swedish construction industry, and the results are based on observation, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires. The current practice of case area’s CDWM includes on-site sorting, reuse, recycling, Just-in-time delivery (JIT), using prefabricated construction materials and color-coded waste containers. The practice of the CDWM mainly focused on sorting and recycling. The information regarding CDWM was shared among project stakeholders by using brochures, presentation, meeting, and information board. In addition, the contractor and subcontractors have a contract that stated who is responsible to take care of the waste on site. The use of BIM has been given attention in the current literature to support CDWM. BIM has not been used for CDWM in the case study. However, the case study’s company has an optimistic view about how BIM could support CDWM. Additionally, there is positive effort to implement BIM for CDWM for future projects at the company level. If BIM is used for case area’s CDWM, it could support the CDWM in many ways, such as minimizing CDW through design validation, providing material information regarding waste, and quantifying the generation of waste before construction or demolition. To bring change and improvement in the current practices of case area’s CDWM, there should be an education, workshop, and training regarding the concept of CDWM, waste management strategies and benefits of BIM in managing CDW to construction project participants. This, in turn, can help the case study’s firm and the general public to attain environmental, social and economic benefit from CDWM.
Pattern of geriatric dermatoses at a tertiary care center in North-East India

Background: The aging population is dramatically increasing with the increase in the average life. It is faced with different health problems which include skin as well. The aim was to study the clinical pattern of geriatric dermatoses and associated systemic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 18 months to study the pattern of geriatric dermatoses on 250 geriatric patients aged above 60 years attending Dermatology OPD, RIMS, Imphal . Results: Out of 250 patients 136 were males and 114 were females. The mean age was 67.28 years and the male to female ratio was 1.19:1. Majority of the patients belonged to the 60-69 age group (66%). 63.2% had the dermatosis for more than 1 month before presentation. The most common dermatoses were: infections (26.4%), eczemas (22.4%), papulosquamous (10.4%), photodermatoses (8.0%) and infestations (6.8%). Herpes zoster (13.2%) and superficial fungal infections (7.6%) was the most common infections. Lichen simplex chronicus (6%). was the main form of eczema. Psoriasis (6%) and lichen planus (4.4%) were the common papulosquamous disorders. Chronic actinic dermatitis (6%) represented as the main pattern of photodermatoses. Uncommon disorders were tumors (4%), immunobullous (2.6%), drug reaction (2.4%), vitiligo (2%) and alopecia areata (0.8%). Main co-morbid systemic diseases were hypertension (16.4%) and diabetes mellitus (6.8%). Conclusions: Different disease entities in the elderly demands different approach to management. Contributing factors like neglect, delay in seeking treatment, co-morbidities have to be properly addressed. Health education on proper skin care, avoidance of irritants and self-medication etc would help reduce the incidence of common dermatoses.
www.econstor.eu Case-Based Belief Formation under Ambiguity

In this paper, we consider a decision-maker who tries to learn the distribution of outcomes from previously observed cases. For each observed database of cases the decision-maker predicts a set of priors expressing his beliefs about the underlying probability distribution. We impose a version of the concatenation axiom introduced in BILLOT, GILBOA, SAMET, AND SCHMEIDLER (2005) which ensures that the sets of priors can be represented as a weighted sum of the observed frequencies of cases. The weights are the uniquely determined similarities between the observed cases and the case under investigation. The predicted probabilities, however, may vary with the number of observations. This generalisation of BILLOT, GILBOA, SAMET, AND SCHMEIDLER (2005) allows one to model learning processes. JEL Classi cation: D81, D83
Importance of Goat Milk

Goats are important component of livestock industry having adaptability to harsh climates which make them suitable for landless and marginal farmers. The contribution of goats in supplying milk and milk products is high and it has significant role in rural economy and health. Goat milk contains higher amount of Ca, Mg and P than cow and human milk. Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) which are more in goat milk have been recognized as unique lipid with unique health benefits. The soft curd of goat milk may be an advantage for adult humans suffering from gastrointestinal disturbances and ulcers. Goat milk is recommended for infants, old and convalescent people. The consumer acceptance of goat milk and its products is reported to be excellent. Goat cheese production in Nepal is coming up in a big way which will prove to be a boon to Nepalese cheese industry. Despite this fact, goat has remained neglected in research and development. Universally recognized as ‘poor man’s cow’, goat now has to be fully exploited to get maximum benefits, particularly meat, milk and milk products having medicinal values. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0. 11209 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (107-111), 2012