Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of replacing inorganic trace minerals with selenium yeast and organic mineral chelates on broiler performance and carcass quality

The aim of the study was to compare the performance profiles of broilers fed with a commercial inorganic mineral premix (control) with the ones obtained using an organic treatment (OTM). OTM included; selenium yeast and organic mineral chelates of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). Four identical houses with a total of 119.500 mixed-sex broiler chickens were used (2 treatments × 2 replicates). Trial was performed between 1 and 31 days of age. Birds fed the same corn/soybean based rations differing only in mineral premix. The control treatment provided Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Se at 8, 40, 50, 60 and 0.18 ppm, respectively. The OTM contained 5, 20, 5, 20 and 0.3 ppm, respectively. At 31 days, birds showed lower mortality with the OTM treatment, and no differences on the performance parameters. OTM improved feathering at 21 days of age (p<0.001). OTM birds showed no effect on carcass yield and lower carcass skin tearing (p<0.05). Birds with organic minerals showed redder breast meat (p<0.05 a* on days 3 and 5 after slaughter). The results show OTM treatment allows similar performance and improve carcass and meat quality.
Intracellular Mg++ concentrations in vascular smooth muscle cells and heart muscle cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Decreased intracellular Mg ++ concentrations seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension. Of special interest is the smooth muscle cell with its electrolyte metabolism in primary hypertension, but also heart muscle cells and their Mg ++ concentrations are of growing interest. Therefore in aortic smooth muscle cells and striated heart muscle cells (left ventricle) from 10 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Muenster strain and 10 normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), the intracellular Mg ++ content was measured. Electron-probe X-ray microanalysis technique was used to determine intracellular Mg ++ concentrations in aortic cryosections 3 µm thick and striated heart muscle cells 4 µm thick (Camscan CS 24 apparatus). Vascular smooth muscle Mg ++ content was 0.90 ± 0.15 g/kg dry weight in SHR versus 1.15 ± 0.10 g/kg dry weight in WKY (p < 0.05). In striated heart muscle cell Mg ++ concentrations, there was no significant difference in SHR and WKY (81.3 ± 6.7 versus 79.0 ± 8.3 mmol/kg dry weight). In conclusion the present study has revealed that genetic hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat is accompanied by decreased intracellular Mg ++ concentrations in vascular smooth muscle cells. These results are similar to those obtained in human blood cells. This Mg ++ decrease may be due to transmembrane defects or disturbed Mg ++ transport systems, eg, Mg ++ /Na + antiport or Mg ++ /Ca ++ exchange. In striated heart muscle cells, Mg ++ content was not significantly different in SHR and WKY. As described earlier, free Mg ++ content in hypertensive heart muscle cells is decreased, total heart muscle Mg ++ content as shown here being not significantly different, a transport defect in hypertensive heart muscle cells has to be assumed. In conclusion, Mg ++ handling is different in vascular smooth muscle and striated heart muscle cells in WKY and SHR (p < 0.01). J Clin Basic Cardiol 1999; 2: 120–2.
Dual structure of auroral acceleration regions at substorm onsets as derived from auroral kilometric radiation spectra

[1] Two sources of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) and their development prior to and during substorms were identified from high-time-resolution spectrograms provided by Polar/PWI ac electric field observations and were investigated in connection with the auroral acceleration process. One source is a low-altitude source region corresponding to middle-frequency AKR (MF-AKR), and the other is a high-altitude source region corresponding to low-frequency AKR (LF-AKR). The former appears during the substorm growth phase in the altitude range of 4000–5000 km and is active both before and after substorm onset. A few minutes before the onset, the intensity of this source gradually increases, showing precursor-like behavior. It does not change drastically at the onset and is mostly insensitive to it. At Pi 2 onset, in contrast, high-altitude AKR appears abruptly with intense power in a higher and wider altitude range of 6000 to 12,000 km. The increase in its power is explosive (increasing 1000 times within 20 s), suggesting the abrupt growth of the parallel electric fields that cause bursty auroral electron beams. The statistically derived probability of both sources existing at substorm onset is ∼70%, indicating that this duality of AKR sources is a common feature of substorms. The high-altitude source and related transient acceleration at substorm onset are apparently due to (1) intrinsically local instabilities such as current-driven instabilities or (2) transient short wavelength Alfven waves coming from the magnetosphere. The low-altitude source, which is fairly stable and insensitive to substorm onset, may belong to the global quasi-static potential distribution over the auroral oval, which involves a large-scale inverted-V structure and a quasi-steady field-aligned current.
The first large meteorite impact structure discovered in the Middle East: Jebel Waqf as Suwwan, Jordan

Abstract— Triggered by re‐evaluation of a 1960s report on the regional geology of the northeastern border region of Jordan and following Landsat satellite image investigation, a 5.5 km diameter, complex, circular structure was discovered in the central eastern region of the Kingdom of Jordan. Initial ground truthing revealed complex geological structures involving Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene strata, and including a prominent outer rim rising up to 60 m above the surrounding plain, an intermediate ring of up to 20 m elevation within a ring syncline, and a central zone of stratigraphically uplifted sedimentary strata characterized by intense macroscopic (folding and faulting, widespread cataclasis) and locally mesoscopic (cataclasis) deformation. Ten sites with shatter cone development in fine‐grained sandstone or limestone have been mapped to date, mostly in the outer parts of the central uplifted area. This finding confirms that the Jebel Waqf as Suwwan structure was formed as the result of the impact of an extraterrestrial projectile. Search for impact‐diagnostic micro‐deformation has been rather unsuccessful: only 1 quartz grain with both planar deformation features and planar fractures has been detected in a sandstone sample to date. The overall majority of the approximately 70 samples investigated by micropetrographic analysis consist of extremely fine‐grained chert, siltstone, or marly limestone. Cataclasis is widespread in chert and limestone, also on the micro‐scale. Considering the severely limited amount of characteristic impact microdeformation, and the stratigraphic situation within the central uplift, it is likely that a relatively deep level of the central uplift is currently exposed. The extensive drainage demonstrated for this region supports the conclusion that this impact structure could be quite deeply eroded‐especially as its geology involves some relatively soft lithologies (marls, limestones). The age of this impact event is at present poorly constrained at post‐Middle to Lower Eocene.
A local approach to cleavage fracture in ferritic steels following warm pre‐stressing

Quantification of the enhancement in cleavage fracture toughness of ferritic steels following warm pre-stressing has received great interest in light of its significance in the integrity assessment of such structures as pressure vessels. A Beremin type probability distribution model, i.e., a local stress-based approach to cleavage fracture, has been developed and used for estimating cleavage fracture following prior loading (or warm pre-stressing, WPS) in two ferritic steels with different geometry configurations. Firstly, the Weibull parameters required to match the experimental scatter in lower shelf toughness of the candidate steels are identified. These parameters are then used in two- and three-dimensional finite element simulations of prior loading on the upper shelf followed by unloading and cooling to lower shelf temperatures (WPS) to determine the probability of failure. Using both isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening material models, the effect of hardening response on the predictions obtained from the suggested approach has been examined. The predictions are consistent with experimental scatter in toughness following WPS and provide a means of determining the importance of the crack tip residual stresses. We demonstrate that for our steels the crack tip residual stress is the pivotal feature in improving the fracture toughness following WPS. Predictions are compared with the available experimental data. The paper finally discusses the results in the context of the non-uniqueness of the Weibull parameters and investigates the sensitivity of predictions to the Weibull exponent, m, and the relevance of m to the stress triaxiality factor as suggested in the literature.
Are There Goodwin Employment-Distribution Cycles? International Empirical Evidence

Goodwin’s predator-prey model predicts clockwise cycles in the employment–distribution space. Qualitative evidence is provided in favour of nonlinear dynamic behaviour for a sample of 67 countries, some of which have cycles similar to those predicted by the model. Predicted centres lie outside actual circles. The kind of cycle (clockwise, counter clockwise or atypical) appears to be related to the kind of capitalism of the country. Countries with Market or European capitalism, as well as transition economies, do not tend to have demand cycles; developing countries with a Mediterranean capitalism do not tend to have Goodwin cycles.
Convective sources of trajectories traversing the tropical tropopause layer

Abstract. Transit properties across the tropical tropopause layer are studied using extensive forward and backward Lagrangian diabatic trajectories between cloud tops and the reference surface 380 K. After dividing the tropical domain into 11 subregions according to the distribution of land and convection, we estimate the contribution of each region to the upward mass flux across the 380 K surface and to the vertical distribution of convective sources and transit times over the period 2005–2008. The good agreement between forward and backward statistics is the basis of the results presented here. It is found that about 85 % of the tropical parcels at 380 K originate from convective sources throughout the year. From November to April, the sources are dominated by the warm pool which accounts for up to 70 % of the upward flux. During boreal summer, the Asian monsoon region is the largest contributor with similar contributions from the maritime and continental parts of the region; however, the vertical distributions and transit times associated with these two subregions are very different. Convective sources are generally higher over the continental part of the Asian monsoon region, with shorter transit times. We estimate the monthly averaged upward mass flux on the 380 K surface and show that the contribution from convective outflow accounts for 80 % on average and explains most of its seasonal variations. The largest contributor to the convective flux is the South Asian Pacific region (warm pool) at 39 % throughout the year followed by oceanic regions surrounding continental Asia at 18 % and Africa at 10.8 %. Continental Asian lowlands account for 8 %. The Tibetan Plateau is a minor overall contributor (0.8 %), but transport from convective sources in this region is very efficient due to its central location beneath the Asian upper level anticyclone. The core results are robust to uncertainties in data and methods, but the vertical source distributions and transit times exhibit some sensitivity to the representations of cloud tops and heating rates. The main sensitivity is to the radiative heating rates which vary among reanalyses.
Variability in chemistry of surface and soil waters of an evapotranspiration-dominated flood-pulsed wetland : Solute processing in the okavango delta, Botswana

Water chemistry is important for the maintenance of wetland structure and function. Interpreting ecological patterns in a wetland system therefore requires an in-depth understanding of the water chemistry of that system. We investigated the spatial distribution of chemical solutes both in soil pore water and surface water, along island-floodplain-channel hydrological gradients in seasonally and permanently inundated habitats between major regions in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Our results show that major cations (Ca, Na, Mg, and K), dissolved silica (DSi), dissolved boron (B), dissolved organic matter (DOC) and electrical conductivity increased significantly, at p ≤ 0.05, from the inlet of the Delta (the Panhandle) to the distal downstream reaches, suggesting the influence of evapoconcentration. Concentrations of dissolved Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, and Mn significantly decreased, at p ≤ 0.05, from the inflow of the Delta to the distal reaches. Only Na, Mn, Fe, Al, and DOC showed significant differences, at p ≤ 0.05, along the local floodplain-channel hydrological gradients, with higher solute concentrations in the floodplains than the channels. Solute concentrations in soil water exhibited similar distribution patterns to those in surface water, but concentrations were higher in soil water. Based on the results, we hypothesise that floodplain emergent vegetation and the channel-fringing vegetation in the Panhandle (a fault-bounded entry trough to the Delta) and the permanently inundated eco-region together influence the cycling of solutes that enter the Delta through uptake. Keywords : wetland vegetation, water chemistry, pore water, surface water, emergent macrophytes
Antibacterial ability of arabica (Coffea arabica) and robusta (Coffea canephora) coffee extract on Lactobacillus acidophilus

Background: Dental caries is the most commonly dental health problem found in Indonesia. Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) is bacteria playing a role in the development and continuation of caries. Some researches in Dentistry Faculty show that many plants are efficacious for oral health. One of them is coffee bean. Coffee bean containing caffeine, phenolic, trigonelline, and chlorogenic acid is reported to have antimicrobial activity. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the differences in the inhibition of Arabica and Robusta coffee extract to L. acidophilus. Method: This research was an laboratory experimental research. The method used was well diffusion method using seven samples for each treatment group. BHI-A and inoculated L.acidophilus bacteria was poured into each petri dish, and then 8 pitted holes were made with a diameter of 5mm and a depth of 3mm using a ring. Next, Arabica or Robusta coffee extracts at a concentration of 100%, 75%, 50%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% were put into each of the pitted hole until it was full, and a negative control was also prepared. They then were put in an incubator at a temperature of 37 °C for 24 hours. Afterwards, measurements and observations were conducted on inhibition zone area. Result: Robusta coffee extract at the concentrations of 100% and 75% had greater inhibitory than Arabica coffee extract (p 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, Robusta and Arabica coffee extracts have inhibitory effects on L.acidophilus. Robusta coffee bean extract, nevertheless, has better inhibitory effects than Arabica coffee bean extract.
The Davis Strait crust - a transform margin between two oceanic basins

The Davis Strait is located between Canada and Greenland and connects the Labrador Sea and the Baffin Bay basins. Both basins formed in Cretaceous to Eocene time and were connected by a transform fault system in the Davis Strait. Whether the crust in the central Davis Strait is oceanic or continental has been disputed. This information is needed to understand the evolution of this transform margin during the separation of the North American plate and Greenland. We here present a 315-km-long east–west-oriented profile that crosses the Davis Strait and two major transform fault systems—the Ungava Fault Complex and the Hudson Fracture Zone. By forward modelling of data from 12 ocean bottom seismographs, we develop a P-wave velocity model.We compare thismodel with a density model from ship-borne gravity data. Seismic reflection and magnetic anomaly data support and complement the interpretation. Most of the crust is covered by basalt flows that indicate extensive volcanism in the Davis Strait. While the upper crust is uniform, the middle and lower crust are characterized by higher P-wave velocities and densities at the location of the Ungava Fault Complex. Here, P-wave velocities of the middle crust are 6.6 km s−1 and of the lower crust are 7.1 km s−1 compared to 6.3 and 6.8 km s−1 outside this area; densities are 2850 and 3050 kg m−3 compared to 2800 and 2900 kg m−3. We here interpret a 45-km-long section as stretched and intruded crust or as new igneous crust that correlates with oceanic crust in the southern Davis Strait. A high-velocity lower crust (6.9–7.3 km s−1) indicates a high content of mafic material. This mantle-derived material gradually intruded the lower crust of the adjacent continental crust and can be related to the Iceland mantle plume. With plate kinematic modelling, we can demonstrate the importance of two transform fault systems in the Davis Strait: the Ungava Fault Complex with transpression and the Hudson Fracture Zone with pure strike-slip motion. We show that with recent poles of rotation, most of the relative motion between the North American plate and Greenland took place along the Hudson Fracture Zone.
Effect of Injection Timing on Performance and Emissions of DI-diesel Engine Fueled with Isopropanol

Experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of the injection timing on the performance and exhaust emissions of an electronic control high-pressure common rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine fueled with isopropanol. Diesel fuels with different amounts (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume) of isopropanol were used. The results show that the isopropanol addition can significantly improve soot and CO emissions. Under the same injection timing, with the increase of isopropanol blending ratio, combustion duration shortened, brake specific fuel consumption increased, the peak of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate of pilot-injection combustion decreased, the peak of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate of main-injection combustion increased, THC and NOx emissions increased. With the injection timing retarded, the center of heat release rate of pilot and main injection combustion delayed, the peak of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate of former ascended, the latter descended. Brake specific fuel consumption, CO emission, THC emission and soot emission reduced, NOx emissions increased.
Towards viable cosmological models of disformal theories of gravity

The late-time cosmological dynamics of disformal gravity are investigated using dynamical systems methods. It is shown that in the general case there are no stable attractors that screen fifth-forces locally and simultaneously describe a dark energy dominated universe. Viable scenarios have late-time properties that are independent of the disformal parameters and are identical to the equivalent conformal quintessence model. Our analysis reveals that configurations where the Jordan frame metric becomes singular are only reached in the infinite future, thus explaining the natural pathology resistance observed numerically by several previous works. The viability of models where this can happen is discussed in terms of both the cosmological dynamics and local phenomena. We identify a special parameter tuning such that there is a new fixed point that can match the presently observed dark energy density and equation of state. This model is unviable when the scalar couples to the visible sector but may provide a good candidate model for theories where only dark matter is disformally coupled.
Using Imagery to Enhance Three Types of Exercise Self-Efficacy among Sedentary Women

The purpose of this study was to determine if task, coping, and scheduling self-efficacy (SE) for exercise could be influenced using guided imagery interventions in an experimental design controlling for overt exercise experiences. Healthy women (N = 205, Mage = 31.47) who did not exercise regularly were randomly assigned to guided imagery sessions targeting a specific type of SE or to a nutrition information control group. All participants attended a 12-week cardiovascular exercise program. The influence of the various imagery interventions on the three types of self-efficacy over time were assessed with two doubly multivariate ANOVAs: one from baseline to 6 weeks and the other from 6 to 12 weeks. The analyses were conducted for 61 participants who completed the exercise intervention. The first analysis demonstrated that task, coping, and scheduling SE were differentially influenced over time in response to the different imagery interventions. The results of the second analysis were nonsignificant, revealing that the main changes in SE were observed within the first half of the 12-week intervention. This study demonstrates that task, coping, and scheduling SE can be seen as independent from one another and that mental imagery interventions are an effective means for influencing exercise-related cognitions.
Judicial litigations and social welfare: access to medicines in two towns in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil

The growing number of lawsuits to obtain free medicines from the Brazilian Health System (SUS) is analyzed to characterize the supply of the requested drugs in two towns with different social and economic characteristics and different municipal pharmaceutical assistance organizations. Data for 2006 and 2007 were collected from the archives of the Municipal Health of Blumenau and Social Welfare Department of Aurora, two towns in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The number of patients assisted in both towns was similar in 2007 (115 in Aurora and 160 in Blumenau). A total of 0.53/1,000 inhabitants sought this kind of access in Blumenau, with an average cost of R$ 2,503.29 and R$ 1.33 per capita; in Aurora, 21.29 users/1,000 inhabitants sought the service, with an average cost of R$ 101.63 and R$ 2.14 per capita. In Blumenau, cardiovascular medicines were the most requested, mostly from specialist physicians; in Aurora, drugs that act on the central nervous system were the most prescribed, mainly by FHP physicians. The differences evidenced the situation of the pharmaceutical organization in the two towns and their level of organization with regard to the public health system.