Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transitions, continuity, and nursing practice.

Continuity of care is a term commonly used in nursing and in healthcare circles.The continuity-of-care concept is considered both an aim and a philosophy that affects the delivery of care. Most clinicians consider continuity a standard of care.The notion of continuity has been conceptually intertwined with discharge planning, transitional care, coordinated care, continuing care, and ongoing care. A distinction must be made between regular, ongoing sources of care, referred to as longitudinality, and the concept of continuity (Bedder & Aiken, 1994; Rogers & Curtis, 1980; Starfield, 1980). A definition that encompasses longitudinality, but also integration and comprehensiveness across transitions, with care provided over time in various episodes, is crucial. Consideration must be given to care activities (therapeutic and self-care) and linkages (communication, documentation, referrals, etc.) and the balance of care provision between professionals on the one hand and individuals and families on the other (Harrison, Browne, Roberts, Graham, & Gafni, 1999). For patients this means receiving the care they need, over time, in a coordinated and connected manner, with planned and supported continuity between the care they receive from professionals such as nurses and the care they may be assuming (or resuming) themselves. From a provider’s perspective, it means articulating transfer rather than admit and discharge, where responsibility typically begins and ends. Ideally it involves an in-reach and outreach that may not be formally funded or administered, by either the setting or the sector of care. To achieve continuity, settings and providers must make a proactive, systematic, intersectoral effort at the transition points. Continuity always involves transitions on the part of individuals, such as well to ill, home to hospital, and the gaps they may encounter along the way. For nurses, transitions are a focus of practice, as continuity involves transitions in care and affects mainly populations with complex health issues. During times of transition, the nurse is very often the health professional most involved in evaluation and in planning and delivering the change in care that is required. Complex health populations are charCJNR 2004,Vol. 36 No 2, 3–6
When Bias and Insecurity Promote Accuracy

Heterosexual couples (N = 57) discussed features about each other they wanted to change. During a review of their recorded discussions, for each 30 s of interaction, perceivers provided judgments of their partner’s regard, and partners reported their actual regard for the perceiver. The authors simultaneously assessed the extent to which perceivers’ over- or underestimated their partner’s regard (mean-level bias) and tracked their partner’s changing regard across the discussion (tracking accuracy). Perceivers on average tended to underestimate their partner’s regard (negative mean-level bias) but exhibited substantial tracking accuracy. Bias and accuracy were related; perceivers that were more negatively biased more accurately tracked changes in their partner’s regard. Women who were more insecure about their partner’s continued regard demonstrated more negative mean-level bias and greater tracking accuracy, whereas more secure women demonstrated more positive bias and lower accuracy. The results indicate that bias and accuracy are shaped by context-relevant goals and motives.
Pharmacodynamics of Caspofungin in a Murine Model of Systemic Candidiasis: Importance of Persistence of Caspofungin in Tissues to Understanding Drug Activity

ABSTRACT Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in a murine model of systemic candidiasis to determine the pharmacodynamic parameter linked with caspofungin efficacy. Additional studies defined the importance of persistent tissue drug concentrations to treatment outcome. The pharmacokinetics of caspofungin were determined in the serum and kidneys of infected mice over 96 h. Population pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated a serum terminal half-life (t1/2) for caspofungin of 20.2 h when only serum concentrations were considered, but the terminal t1/2 increased to 59.2 h when serum and kidney concentration-time data were comodeled. In dose-range studies, the dose-response effect was well described by an inhibitory sigmoid curve for the exposure-effect killing caused by the drug (r2 > 0.96; P ≪ 0.001). In dose-fractionation studies, fungal counts in kidneys were not statistically different for total doses given as one, two, or four equally divided doses over 96 h, indicating that the area under the concentration-time curve/MIC is the pharmacodynamic parameter that predicts caspofungin efficacy in our infection model. In a separate study, mice infected with Candida albicans 24 h after serum concentrations of caspofungin fell below the MIC for the fungal isolate had significant reductions in fungal densities in their kidneys compared with the growth of fungi in the kidneys of untreated controls (P = 0.005). This in vivo biological assay demonstrates that therapeutic concentrations of caspofungin persist at the site of infection in kidney tissue well after serum concentrations fall below the MIC, underscoring the primacy of caspofungin levels in tissues on determining treatment outcome.
Impact of cutting meat intake on hidden greenhouse gas emissions in an import-reliant city

Greenhouse gas emissions embodied in trade is a growing concern for the international community. Multiple studies have highlighted drawbacks in the territorial and production-based accounting of greenhouse gas emissions because it neglects emissions from the consumption of goods in trade. This creates weak carbon leakage and complicates international agreements on emissions regulations. Therefore, we estimated consumption-based emissions using input-output analysis and life cycle assessment to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions hidden in meat and dairy products in Hong Kong, a city predominately reliant on imports. We found that emissions solely from meat and dairy consumption were higher than the city’s total greenhouse gas emissions using conventional production-based calculation. This implies that government reports underestimate more than half of the emissions, as 62% of emissions are embodied in international trade. The discrepancy emphasizes the need of transitioning climate targets and policy to consumption-based accounting. Furthermore, we have shown that dietary change from a meat-heavy diet to a diet in accordance with governmental nutrition guidelines could achieve a 67% reduction in livestock-related emissions, allowing Hong Kong to achieve the Paris Agreement targets for 2030. Consequently, we concluded that consumption-based accounting for greenhouse gas emissions is crucial to target the areas where emissions reduction is realistically achievable, especially for import-reliant cities like Hong Kong.
Surgical Treatment of Congenital Syndactyly of the Hand

Abstract Syndactyly is a congenital anomaly of the hand that is more common in males, is present bilaterally in 50% of affected patients, and often is associated with other musculoskeletal malformations or systemic syndromes. The goal of syndactyly release is to create a functional hand with the fewest surgical procedures while minimizing complications. For simple syndactyly, surgical reconstruction can begin at approximately 6 months, although many surgeons prefer to wait until the infant is 18 months old. Special situations, such as complex syndactyly and involvement of border digits, may warrant surgical intervention earlier than 6 months. Reconstruction of the web commissure is the most technically challenging part of the operation, followed by separation of the remaining digits. Full‐thickness skin grafting is almost always required for soft‐tissue coverage. Complex syndactyly and syndactyly associated with other hand anomalies warrant special consideration. After reconstruction, patients should be examined periodically until they have achieved skeletal maturity because late complications such as web creep can occur.
Growth and cell survival are unevenly impaired in pixie mutant wing discs

It is largely unknown how growth slows and then stops in vivo. Similar to most organs, Drosophila imaginal discs undergo a fast, near-exponential growth phase followed by a slow growth phase before final target size is reached. We have used a genetic approach to study the role of an ABC-E protein, Pixie, in wing disc growth. pixie mutants, like mutants in ribosomal proteins genes (known as Minutes), show severe developmental delay with relatively mild alterations in final body size. Intriguingly, pixie mutant wing imaginal discs show complex regional and temporal defects in growth and cell survival that are compensated to result in near-normal final size. In S2 cells, Pixie, like its yeast homolog RLI1, is required for translation. However, a comparison of the growth of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4A and pixie mutant clones in wing discs suggests that only a subset of translation regulators, including pixie, mediate regional differences in growth and cell survival in wing discs. Interestingly, some of the regional effects on pixie mutant clone growth are enhanced in a Minute background. Our results suggest that the role of Pixie is not merely to allow growth, as might be expected for a translation regulator. Instead, Pixie also behaves as a target of putative constraining signals that slow disc growth during late larval life. We propose a model in which a balance of growth inhibitors and promoters determines tissue growth rates and cell survival. An alteration in this balance slows growth before final disc size is reached.
Digital Nationalisms: Identity, Strategic Communication, and Global Internet Governance

A growing number of states in the twenty-first century have reimagined and rearticulated the role of digital technologies as indispensable to the nation's economic, cultural, and political success—and sometimes survival—under the conditions of digital globalization. Digital nationalism refers to this shift in the national state's imagination of digital technologies vis-a-vis their national Selves, as well as attendant discursive and material efforts at constructing and strategically communicating their national digital identities. On the one hand, this is a global trend, which is rooted in the rationalist imaginary and posits digital technological development as critical to economic growth and overall national well-being. On the other hand, and this is the crux of the argument underlying this dissertation, national cultural identities shape the specific logics and language of respective national digital rhetoric and policies. To illuminate the workings of digital nationalism, the dissertation examines how Estonia's and Russia's conduct in the domain of global internet governance—the design and administration of legal and technological architectures of the global internet and surrounding geopolitical debates—reflect their national identity visions. The dissertation argues that Estonia's championing of the "internet freedom" narrative is meant to bolster its central identity aspiration of symbolically and institutionally "returning to Europe" after half a century of the Soviet rule, while Russia's championing of "internet sovereignty" contributes to its identity narrative of a resurgent great power following its geopolitical decline in the first post-Cold War decade. The dissertation offers a critical cultural approach to the study of digital technological politics and aims to contribute to our understanding of the logics of digital globalization and global internet governance, contemporary nationalism, and socio-political trajectories in post-socialist Europe.
Immunohistochemical expression of survivin in breast carcinoma: relationship with clinicopathological parameters, proliferation and molecular classification.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Survivin is a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family. It is associated with more aggressive behavior and parameters of poor prognosis in most human cancers including gastric, colorectal and bladder carcinomas. However, conflicting data exist on its prognostic effect in breast cancer. This current study is designed to assess survivin expression in breast carcinoma relating results with clinicopathological parameters, proliferation (MIB-1) and molecular classification MATERIAL AND METHODS Our retrospective study comprised of 65 archived cases of breast carcinoma. Samples from the tumor and the adjacent normal breast tissue were immunostained for survivin and MIB-1. Nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin expression was evaluated in normal breast tissue and carcinoma regarding both the intensity and the percentage of positive cells. ER, PR, HER2 were used as surrogate markers to classify the cases into four molecular subtypes. RESULTS Survivin expression was detected in 78.5% of breast carcinomas. The adjacent normal breast tissue was immunonegative. Survivin expression showed significant association with increased tumor size (p<0.0001), high histologic grade (p=0.04), lymph node metastases (p<0.001), advanced tumor stage (p<0.0001), MIB-1 expression (p=0.02), negative estrogen receptor status (p=0.01) and negative progesterone receptor status (p<0.0001). The subcellular localization of survivin significantly related to histologic grade, stage and lymph node involvement. The percentage of TNP (triple negative phenotype) and HER2+/ER-PR- tumors expressing survivin were significantly higher compared to the Luminal subtypes (p=0.01). CONCLUSION Survivin expression was associated with parameters of poor prognosis in breast cancer. Moreover, the cancer-specific expression of survivin, coupled with its importance in inhibiting cell death and in regulating cell division, makes it a potential target for novel cancer treatment. KEY WORDS Breast carcinoma - Immunohistochemistry - MIB-1 - Molecular classification - Survivin.
Identification of FAH Domain-containing Protein 1 (FAHD1) as Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase*

Background: Enzymes of the FAH superfamily catalyze a multitude of diverse chemical reactions. Results: Using molecular modeling followed by biochemical investigations, FAHD1 was identified as oxaloacetate decarboxylase. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ODx activity can be found in eukaryotic members of the FAH superfamily. Significance: Our results identify a mammalian ODx enzyme as a so far undescribed player in mitochondrial metabolism. Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) domain-containing proteins occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, where they carry out diverse enzymatic reactions, probably related to structural differences in their respective FAH domains; however, the precise relationship between structure of the FAH domain and the associated enzyme function remains elusive. In mammals, three FAH domain-containing proteins, FAHD1, FAHD2A, and FAHD2B, are known; however, their enzymatic function, if any, remains to be demonstrated. In bacteria, oxaloacetate is subject to enzymatic decarboxylation; however, oxaloacetate decarboxylases (ODx) were so far not identified in eukaryotes. Based on molecular modeling and subsequent biochemical investigations, we identified FAHD1 as a eukaryotic ODx enzyme. The results presented here indicate that dedicated oxaloacetate decarboxylases exist in eukaryotes.
Autoimmune Granulocytopenia: the Detection of Granulocyte Autoantibodies with the Immunofluorescence Test

Neutropenia may be caused by neutrophil autoantibodies. The detection of such antibodies has always been difficult. Recently, we developed a sensitive indirect immunofluorescence technique applicable to granulocytes which proved to be of value in the detection of granulocyte alloantibodies. We have now used this method to investigate the serum and cells of 29 patients with idiopathic or secondary neutropenia.
Parental Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Macrosomia: a Population-Based Case-Control Study in China.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of macrosomia has risen markedly worldwide, including in China, during the past two decades. Few epidemiological studies, however, have investigated the risk factors for macrosomia in China. This study was designed to investigate the associations between parental anthropometric characteristics, gestational weight gain (GWG), and risk of macrosomia in China. METHODS This population-based, case-control study in Wuhan, China, included a total of 6341 subjects (870 cases and 5471 controls). Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Mothers or fathers who were overweight or obese before pregnancy had an elevated risk of giving birth to a macrosomic infant compared with their normal weight counterparts. Women with GWG above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation had an adjusted OR of 6.09 [95% CI 5.04, 7.35] for delivering a macrosomic infant compared with women who had GWG within the IOM recommendation. When stratified by maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), women who were underweight or normal weight before pregnancy were observed to have a higher risk of macrosomia birth associated with greater GWG. CONCLUSIONS Parental pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive GWG during pregnancy were highly associated with macrosomia. The association with GWG was most pronounced in mothers who had a normal or underweight pre-pregnancy BMI. Weight control efforts before pregnancy for mothers and fathers as well as control of maternal gain during pregnancy may reduce the risk of macrosomia.
Overcoming barriers of isolation in Distance Learning: Building a Collaborative Community in Learning

The rise in popularity of distance education programmes in a rural and remote Namibia poses challenges on students that are far removed from their colleagues, tutors and even their study materials. Interaction between the student and the study materials, tutors and peers are key challenges in open and distance learning. At the same time, sparsely populated areas of the country with less network coverage pose more challenges for web-based learning that could close up the gap. Using interviews, supported by this study engaged 5 groups of students (eight in each group) who have initiated collaborative groups while doing research studies at the Centre for External Studies, University of Namibia. The students are continuing with their educational endeavours through open and distance learning but who find themselves in areas that isolate them more from academic, administrative and logistics support. Their experiences of distance learning were investigated and three main themes emerged. These were academic and administrative challenges. Amongst many, the recommendations included: improving student-study materials contact, student-tutor contact and student-student contact (collaborative learning). Students do well when there is clear support from peers, tutors and the study materials that they interact with from day to day.
Economic Uncertainty and Predictability

We introduce a new stylized fact: the hump-shaped behavior of slopes and coefficients of determination as a function of the aggregation horizon when running (forward/backward) predictive regressions of future excess market returns onto past economic uncertainty. To justify this finding formally, we propose a novel framework in which predictability is a property of low-frequency components of both excess market returns and economic uncertainty. We show that predictability on these low-frequency components (i.e., scale-specific predictability) translates theoretically into hump-shaped patterns of slopes and coefficients of determination upon forward/backward regressions on the raw series. If past long-run uncertainty predicts future long-run returns, it also has to predict future long-run dividend growth. We report that it does so strongly.
SONYC: A System for the Monitoring, Analysis and Mitigation of Urban Noise Pollution

We present the Sounds of New York City (SONYC) project, a smart cities initiative focused on developing a cyber-physical system for the monitoring, analysis and mitigation of urban noise pollution. Noise pollution is one of the topmost quality of life issues for urban residents in the U.S. with proven effects on health, education, the economy, and the environment. Yet, most cities lack the resources to continuously monitor noise and understand the contribution of individual sources, the tools to analyze patterns of noise pollution at city-scale, and the means to empower city agencies to take effective, data-driven action for noise mitigation. The SONYC project advances novel technological and socio-technical solutions that help address these needs. SONYC includes a distributed network of both sensors and people for large-scale noise monitoring. The sensors use low-cost, low-power technology, and cutting-edge machine listening techniques, to produce calibrated acoustic measurements and recognize individual sound sources in real time. Citizen science methods are used to help urban residents connect to city agencies and each other, understand their noise footprint, and facilitate reporting and self-regulation. Crucially, SONYC utilizes big data solutions to analyze, retrieve and visualize information from sensors and citizens, creating a comprehensive acoustic model of the city that can be used to identify significant patterns of noise pollution. These data can be used to drive the strategic application of noise code enforcement by city agencies to optimize the reduction of noise pollution. The entire system, integrating cyber, physical and social infrastructure, forms a closed loop of continuous sensing, analysis and actuation on the environment. SONYC provides a blueprint for the mitigation of noise pollution that can potentially be applied to other cities in the US and abroad.
Recognition of ripe, unripe and scaled condition of orange citrus based on decision tree classification

Orange, which is most cultivated fruit in the world, is commonly used in food processing industries to prepare juice, marmalades, and orange pulp. With modern computer vision techniques, manual sorting of fruits is being replaced with automated low cost and consistent approach. This paper presents a mean for distinguishing orange condition (ripe, unripe and scaled or rotten) rapidly. Fruit image features including RGB color space and gray values based on BIC (Border/Interior pixel Classification) are extracted. An investigation for the applicability and performance of various classification algorithms including Naïve Bayes, Artificial Neural Network, and Decision Tree has been performed. Comparisons among results of these algorithms have been drawn and it has been observed that Decision Tree classification technique for orange conditions is efficient than other techniques. The results recorded for the accuracy, precision, and sensitivity using this technique are 93.13%, 93.45%, and 93.24% respectively.