Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unplanned early return to the emergency department by older patients: the Safe Elderly Emergency Department Discharge (SEED) project.

BACKGROUND an emergency department (ED) visit is a sentinel event for an older person, with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes post-discharge including early re-presentation. OBJECTIVES to determine factors associated with early re-presentation. METHODS prospective cohort study conducted in the ED of a large acute Melbourne tertiary hospital. Community-dwelling patients ≥65 years were interviewed including comprehensive assessment of cognitive and functional status, and mood. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for return within 30 days. RESULTS nine hundred and fifty-nine patients, median age 77 years, were recruited. One hundred and forty patients (14.6%) re-presented within 30 days, including 22 patients (2.3%) on ≥2 occasions and 75 patients (7.8%) within 7 days. Risk factors for re-presentation included depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, co-morbidity, triaged as less urgent (ATS 4) and attendance in the previous 12 months, with a decline in risk after 85 years of age. Logistic regression identified chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.02-3.11), moderate cognitive impairment (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.09-3.90), previous ED visit (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.43-3.12) and ATS 4 (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.10-4.99) as independent risk factors for re-presentation. Age ≥85 years was associated with reduced risk (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.93). CONCLUSION older discharged patients had a high rate of early re-presentation. Previously identified risk factors-increased age, living alone, functional dependence and polypharmacy-were not associated with early return in this study. It is not clear whether these inconsistencies represent a change in patient case-mix or strategies implemented to reduce re-attendance. This remains an important area for future research.
Bioclimatic, ecological, and phenotypic intermediacy and high genetic admixture in a natural hybrid of octoploid strawberries.

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Hybrid zones provide "natural laboratories" for understanding the processes of selection, reinforcement, and speciation. We sought to gain insight into the degree of introgression and the extent of ecological-phenotypic intermediacy in the natural hybrid strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa subsp. cuneifolia. • METHODS We used whole-plastome sequencing to identify parental species-specific (Fragaria chiloensis and F. virginiana) chloroplast single-nucleotide polymorphisms and combined the use of these with nuclear microsatellite markers to genetically characterize the hybrid zone. We assessed the potential role of selection in the observed geographic patterns by bioclimatically characterizing the niche of the hybrid populations and phenotypically characterizing hybrid individuals of known genomic constitution. • KEY RESULTS Significant admixture and little overall maternal bias in chloroplast or nuclear genomes suggest a high degree of interfertility among the parental and hybrid species and point to a long history of backcrossing and genetic mixing in the hybrid zone. Even though hybrids were phenotypically intermediate to the parental species, there was a discernible fingerprint of the parental genotype within hybrid individuals. Thus, although the pattern of introgression observed suggests geographic limitations to gene flow, it may be reinforced by selection for specific parental traits in the bioclimatically intermediate habitat occupied by the hybrid. • CONCLUSIONS This work uncovered the genetic complexity underlying the hybrid zone of the wild relatives of the cultivated strawberry. It lays the foundation for experimental dissection of the causes of genomic introgression and nuclear-cytoplasmic disassociation, and for understanding other parts of Fragaria evolutionary history.
The Hematologic, Gastric Acidity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings in Multiple Sclerosis

Blood findings. Little attention has been paid to detailed blood studies in multiple sclerosis. In 1930 McKenna reported 109 cases of multiple sclerosis, of whom 23 per cent had a leukocytosis varying between 11,000 and 18,000 per cu. mm.l and 59 per cent showed either leukocytosis or fever, or both. He concluded that every case of multiple sclerosis may at some time or other show febrile changes and leukocytosis, but he pointed out that these features could not be expected to serve as diagnostic criteria. Bonadurer (1933), in a study of sedimentation rate in 31 cases of multiple sclerosis,* was unable to make any correlation between these values and the clinical picture. The sedimentation velocity was normal in 21 cases, increased in ten. In five of the latter, however, it was not certain that some other cause was not responsible for this rise. Simon and Solomon (1935) noted a prolonged decrease in coagulation time in 12 cases of multiple sclerosis following the intravenous injection of typhoid vaccine or the subcutaneous injection of epinephrine.3 This was greater than that found in 14 controls. They suggested that the coagulation defect caused an increased tendency towards intravascular clotting. In 1942, Simon repeated the studies, this time including other diseases of the brain stem and spinal cord.4 He showed that all cases responded to typhoid vaccine and to epinephrine with a decrease in coagulation time. The drop was more striking in multiple sclerosis than in the other diseases.
Mapping the differential distribution of proteoglycan core proteins in the adult human retina, choroid, and sclera.

PURPOSE To examine the presence and distribution of proteoglycan (PG) core proteins in the adult human retina, choroid, and sclera. METHODS Postmortem human eye tissue was dissected into Bruch's membrane/choroid complex, isolated Bruch's membrane, or neurosensory retina. PGs were extracted and partially purified by anion exchange chromatography. Trypsinized peptides were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry and PG core proteins identified by database search. The distribution of PGs was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy on human macular tissue sections. RESULTS The basement membrane PGs perlecan, agrin, and collagen-XVIII were identified in the human retina, and were present in the internal limiting membrane, blood vessel walls, and Bruch's membrane. The hyalectans versican and aggrecan were also detected. Versican was identified in Bruch's membrane, while aggrecan was distributed throughout the retina, choroid, and sclera. The cartilage link protein HAPLN1 was abundant in the interphotoreceptor matrix and sclera, while HAPLN4 (brain link protein 2) was found throughout the retina and choroid. The small leucine-rich repeat PG (SLRP) family members biglycan, decorin, fibromodulin, lumican, mimecan, opticin, and prolargin were present, with different patterns of distribution in the retina, choroid, and sclera. CONCLUSIONS A combination of proteomics and immunohistochemistry approaches has provided for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the presence and distribution of PG core proteins throughout the human retina, choroid, and sclera. This complements our knowledge of glycosaminoglycan chain distribution in the human eye, and has important implications for understanding the structure and functional regulation of the eye in health and disease.
UVB Exposure Prevents Atherosclerosis by Regulating Immunoinflammatory Responses

Objective— UVB irradiation is an established treatment for immunoinflammatory cutaneous disorders and has been shown to suppress cutaneous and systemic inflammatory diseases through modulation of the adaptive immune response. However, it remains unknown whether UVB irradiation prevents an immunoinflammatory disease of arteries such as atherosclerosis. Approach and Results— Here, we show that UVB exposure inhibits the development and progression of atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis-prone mice by expanding and enhancing the functional capacity of CD4+ forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells and regulating proatherogenic T-cell responses. Experimental studies in Langerhans cell–depleted mice revealed that epidermal Langerhans cells play a critical role in UVB-dependent induction of CD4+ forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells, suppression of proatherogenic T-cell responses, and prevention of atherosclerotic plaque development. Conclusions— Our findings suggest the skin immune system as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and provide a novel strategy for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
An appraisal of the level of awareness and utilization of the Pap smear as a cervical cancer screening test among female health workers in a tertiary health institution

Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test is considered the best approach to reduce cervical cancer incidence worldwide. We surveyed 195 female health workers with structured questionnaires to identify factors that could influence the awareness and utilization of the Pap smear as a cervical cancer screening test. More than 65% of the respondents were aware of the disease, cervical cancer, and approximately 64% were aware of the Pap smear test. Seven three (39.7%) of the respondents had their sexual debut (coitarche) before the age of 20 years, while 109 (59.9%) have had multiple sexual partners. The modal number of sexual partners was 3, range 0–8. Pap smear awareness level significantly varied among the categories of the female health workers (P < 0.001). A minority of 14.1% have had a Pap test. There was a significant variation in utilization of Pap test across the various categories of the health workers (Pearson Chi-square 14.67, P < 0.05), and a significant correlation between Pap smear awareness and utilization (P < 0.001). The majority, 89%, believed that they were not at risk of developing cervical cancer. The self-reported utilization of Pap test among health workers was low. While there was a positive correlation between Pap test awareness and utilization, screening uptake was very poor due to a combination of inappropriate beliefs, misapprehension, and deficient knowledge. There is an urgent need for an aggressive awareness campaign and the provision of a screening program nationally.
Re-conceptualising the religious habitus: Reflexivity and embodied subjectivity in global modernity

The utility of the notion of the religious habitus rests on its capacity to illuminate how embodied dispositions emergent from routinised practices come to be socially and culturally significant. This has been called into question, however, by global changes that undermine the societal stability and personal habits on which it is often understood to rely, stimulating instead reflexive engagements with change. After assessing conventional conceptions of the religious habitus vulnerable to such criticism, we utilise the writings of Latour in developing a new understanding of the term. Re-conceptualising the religious habitus as something reflexively re-made or instaured, through the cultivation of a subjectivity that locates human action, feeling and thought at the embodied intersection of worldly and other-worldly realities, we illustrate the value of this approach with reference to contemporary Pentecostalism and Islam.
Different Impacts of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Arterial Stiffness versus Arterial Wall Thickness in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

AIM We statistically investigated whether the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on arterial stiffness would be different from that on arterial wall thickness. METHODS We analyzed 1648 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by pulse wave verbosity (PWV) and wall thickness was assessed with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) by ultrasonography. We developed a common regression model to PWV and IMT by extending the linear mixed model and statistically detected the difference in the impact of cardiovascular risk factors between the two indices. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between PWV and IMT (r=0.365, p ＜ 0.001). Sex, diabetic duration, hemoglobin A1c levels, and the presence of retinopathy and cardiovascular disease were comparable independent risk factors for elevated PWV and IMT. On the other hand, the impact of age, systolic blood pressure, and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly different between the two measurements (all p ＜ 0.05). Cholesterol levels were significantly associated with IMT but not with PWV. Age and systolic blood pressure had a significant impact on both measurements, but the impact on PWV was significantly greater than that on IMT. Indeed, patients with low IMT but with advanced age and high systolic pressure had high PWV, whereas patients with low PWV but with impaired cholesterol levels had high IMT. CONCLUSION The extended linear mixed model statistically confirmed that the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on elevated PWV and IMT were not identical in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Second-Order Asymptotics for the Gaussian MAC With Degraded Message Sets

This paper studies the second-order asymptotics of the Gaussian multiple-access channel with degraded message sets. For a fixed average error probability ε ϵ (0,1) and an arbitrary point on the boundary of the capacity region, we characterize the speed of convergence of rate pairs that converge to that boundary point for codes that have asymptotic error probability no larger than ε. As a stepping stone to this local notion of the second-order asymptotics, we study a global notion, and establish relationships between the two. We provide a numerical example to illustrate how the angle of approach to a boundary point affects the second-order coding rate. This is the first conclusive characterization of the second-order asymptotics of a network information theory problem in which the capacity region is not a polygon.
Person Memory: Organization of Behaviors by Traits

Abstract Subjects studied a list of sentences describing a fictional person in terms of the “Big Five” personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience). Although recall improved across trials in both memorization and impression formation instructions, clustering of the sentences by Big Five categories remained at very low levels throughout the experiment. Nor did blocking the sentences by Big Five category improve recall. Although the Big Five structure has been suggested as a universally applicable framework for personality structure, it does not appear to play a salient role in organizing person memory.
Peripheral neuropathy: detection with diffusion-tensor imaging.

PURPOSE To investigate the ability of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and T2 to help detect the mildest nerve lesion conceivable, that is, subclinical ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was approved by the institutional ethics board. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Magnetic resonance neurography was performed at 3.0 T by using proton density- and T2-weighted relaxometry and DTI on elbows in 30 healthy subjects without clinical evidence of neuropathy. Quantitative analysis of ulnar nerve T2 and fractional anisotropy (FA) was performed, and T2 and FA values were correlated to electrical nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) with Pearson correlation analysis. Additional qualitative assessment of T2-weighted and FA images was performed by two readers, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated. RESULTS Ten of the 30 subjects (33%) had NCV slowing across the elbow segment. Compared with subjects without NCV slowing, subjects with slowing had decreased FA values (0.51 ± 0.09 vs 0.41 ± 0.07, respectively; P = .006) and increased T2 values (64.2 msec ± 10.9 vs 76.2 msec ± 13.7, respectively; P = .01) in the proximal ulnar sulcus. FA values showed a significant correlation (P = .01) with NCV slowing over the sulcus as an electrophysiologic indicator of myelin sheath damage. Qualitative assessment of FA maps and T2-weighted images helped identify subjects with conduction slowing with a sensitivity of 80% and 55%, respectively, and a specificity of 83% and 63%. CONCLUSION FA maps can accurately depict even mild peripheral neuropathy and perform better than the current standard of reference, T2-weighted images. DTI may therefore add diagnostic value as a highly sensitive technique for the detection of peripheral neuropathy.
IPv6 over BLUETOOTH(R) Low Energy

Bluetooth Smart is the brand name for the Bluetooth low energy feature in the Bluetooth specification defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. The standard Bluetooth radio has been widely implemented and available in mobile phones, notebook computers, audio headsets, and many other devices. The low-power version of Bluetooth is a specification that enables the use of this air interface with devices such as sensors, smart meters, appliances, etc. The low-power variant of Bluetooth has been standardized since revision 4.0 of the Bluetooth specifications, although version 4.1 or newer is required for IPv6. This document describes how IPv6 is transported over Bluetooth low energy using IPv6 over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) techniques.
The Impact of Active Learning on Nursing Students’ Clinical Success

Active, cooperative learning is a method to teach the critical thinking skills necessary for the transfer and use of classroom-acquired knowledge in the clinical setting. Yet many nursing educators continue to use teacher-centered educational approaches while identifying an array of barriers for the voiced preference for student-centered education. Using holistic, active cooperative learning strategies (faculty role modeling, student interactive and group learning, and group testing) within a didactic class, the authors found differences in the average clinical grade (87.03) when compared to the average clinical grade for students who had been taught using a lecture approach (84.19).
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BIOPSY SPECIMENS IN DISORDERS OF SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT. A programme for combined morphological and biochemical analysis of cartilage‐bone biopsy material is described. The structural analysis includes light and electron microscopy, and the biochemistry is focused on polysaccharides. A procedure for isolation and characterization of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans from dry cartilage in amounts down to 1 mg is described. The procedure is exemplified by analyses of material from patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, mucopolysaccharidosis IV‐Morquio and metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type McKusick. In osteogenesis imperfecta characteristic morphological alterations were demonstrated. Apart from increased chondroitin sulphate molecular weights, the biochemical analyses showed values within the assumedly normal range. In Morquio's disease extensive intracellular deposits in single membrane vacuoles were observed in both chondrocytes and osteocytes. There were indications that these deposits contained keratan sulphate, which also occurred in increased amounts in the total tissue preparation. Furthermore, the tendency to formation of proteoglycan aggregates was decreased. In the tissue from the patients with the McKusick syndrome insignificant ultrastructural changes, mainly affecting the mitochondria, were found. The biochemical results were within the assumedly normal range. The significance of these findings and the possibilities of further methodological development are discussed.
Prenatal diagnosis of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency by identification of a missense mutation in CPS1

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the first enzymatic step of urea cycle. We report a consanguineous family in which the index patient died at 11 days of age from a severe form of CPS1 deficiency. Initial diagnosis was based on clinical histopathological, and enzymatic investigations. Direct sequencing of the complete CPS1 coding region revealed a disease‐associated homozygous Thr544Met mutation in CPS1. On the basis of the molecular data, prenatal diagnosis was established for genomic DNA and performed at gestational week 12, after chorionic villus sampling. The fetus was homozygous for the Thr544Met mutation, and termination of pregnancy was elected. Histopathological signs of the hepatocellular metabolic disorder similar to that of the index patient were found in fetal liver thus giving morphological evidence for this hereditary error of urea cycle function as early as gestational week 12. Hum Mutat 12:206–211, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stretching and unfolding of multidomain biopolymers: a statistical mechanics theory of titin

Single-molecule manipulation has allowed the forced unfolding of multidomain proteins. Here we develop a theory that not only explains these experiments, but also points out a number of difficulties in their interpretation and makes suggestions for further experiments. Our theory is valid for essentially any molecule that can be unfolded in the AFM: as an example we present force–extension curves for the unfolding of both titin and RNA hairpins. For titin we reproduce force–extension curves, the dependence of break force on pulling speed, and break-force distributions, and also validate two common experimental views: unfolding titin Ig domains can be explained as stepwise increases in contour length, and increasing force peaks in native Ig sequences represent a hierarchy of bond strengths.
Congenital heart defects, maternal homocysteine, smoking, and the 677 C>T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene: evaluating gene-environment interactions.

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate the association between congenital heart defects (CHD), and maternal homocysteine, smoking, and the MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphism. STUDY DESIGN Plasma homocysteine concentrations, smoking status, and MTFHR 677 genotypes were determined in 275 white women who had pregnancies affected by CHDs and 118 white women who had a normal pregnancy. RESULTS Homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher among women who had affected pregnancies (P < .0001). The highest estimated risk for having a CHD-affected pregnancy was among women who were smokers, were in the highest quartile for homocysteine, and had the MTHFR 677 CC genotype (odds ratio [OR] 11.8; 95% CI 2.6-53.3). CONCLUSION Many CHDs are due to a complex interaction between lifestyle factors and genetic susceptibilities. Our results suggest that the combined effect of elevations in maternal homocysteine, smoking, and the MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphism increase the risk of having a CHD-affected pregnancy.