Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking and mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions in temperate vegetable cropping systems in Australia resulting in improved nitrogen use efficiency

Vegetable producers in some temperate regions of Australia use up to 1 tonne of nitrogen (N) as inorganic (fertilizers) and organic N (chicken manure) to produce 3 to 4 crops from the same land each year. Trials in Victoria showed great potential to reduce N inputs and to mitigate N2O losses from soil by use of nitrification inhibitors on manures and fertilizers compared to the standard grower practice (SGP) used at the sites without reducing yield. Annual N2O emissions ranged from 9.1 to 12.5 kg-N/ha for the unfertilized soil, and the combined fertiliser and manure program, respectively. Higher daily emission rates occurred when manures were applied to the soil and these were up to 20-fold greater for a single event than those from fertilizers. The inhibitors, DMPP and to a lesser extent 3MP/TZ, reduced N2O emissions from the fertilizer and manure program, with a maximum reduction of 64% occurring over the three crops, compared to the SGP. Pre-plant application of chicken manure resulted in short periods where daily N2O fluxes ranged from 70-213 g N2ON/day and DMPP reduced the net N2O cumulative emission by 53% over this period. Annual cumulative N2O emissions were up to 40-fold higher at the Victorian site than reported in similar trials in Queensland and Tasmania. The Emission Factor of 0.45% from the SGP was considerably lower than the IPCC default value (1% of N applied). Nitrogen measurements indicate that up to 60% of the applied N may be lost to the atmosphere or leached in high N use vegetable systems in Victoria.
Gambling Traps

I propose a dynamic general equilibrium model in which strategic interactions between banks and depositors may lead to endogenous bank fragility and slow recovery from crises. When banks' investment decisions are not contractible, depositors form expectations about bank risk-taking and demand a return on deposits according to their risk. This creates strategic complementarities and possibly multiple equilibria: in response to an increase in funding costs, banks may optimally choose to pursue risky portfolios that undermine their solvency prospects. In a bad equilibrium, high funding costs hinder the accumulation of bank net worth and lead to a "gambling trap" with a persistent drop in investment and output. I bring the model to bear on the European sovereign debt crisis, in the course of which under-capitalized banks in default-risky countries experienced an increase in funding costs and raised their holdings of domestic government debt. The model is quantified using Portuguese data and accounts for macroeconomic dynamics in Portugal in 2010-2016. Policy interventions face a trade-off between alleviating banks' funding conditions and strengthening risk-taking incentives. Liquidity provision to banks may perpetuate gambling traps when not targeted. Targeted interventions have the capacity to eliminate adverse equilibria.
The SLR Contribution to the ITRF Monitoring the Origin of the TRF with Space Geodetic Techniques

The origin of the Terrestrial Reference System (TRS) is realized through the adopted coordinates of its defining set of positions and velocities at epoch, constituting the conventional Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF). Since over two decades now, these coordinates are determined through space geodetic techniques, in terms of absolute or relative positions of the sites and their linear motions. The continuous redistribution of mass within the Earth system causes concomitant changes in the Stokes’ coefficients describing the terrestrial gravity field. Seasonal changes in these coefficients have been closely correlated with mass transfer in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and the oceans. The new gravity-mapping missions, CHAMP and GRACE, and to a lesser extent the future mission GOCE, address these temporal changes from the gravimetric point of view. For the very low degree and order terms of the gravity field model, this gravity or dynamic effect also manifests itself as a geometric effect that affects the origin and orientation relationship between the instantaneous and the mean reference frame. Satellite laser ranging data to LAGEOS-1 and -2 contributed the most accurate geocenter observations yet, demonstrating millimeter level accuracy for weekly averages. Other techniques, like GPS and DORIS, have also contributed and continue to improve their results with better modeling and more uniformly distributed (spatially and temporally) tracking data. We present the results from the various techniques, assess their accuracy and compare them. We also look into potential improvements in the future, which will likely lead us to even finer resolution and higher accuracy through the constructive combination of the individual time series.
Price Change , Trading Volume and Heterogeneous Beliefs in Stock Market

The famous Wall Street adage that states, “It takes volume to make prices move” has long suggested the existence of a positive correlation between absolute change in stock price and trading volume. For practitioners who make use of technical analysis see trading volume as an important signal for price change. While many existing studies have empirically examine the nonlinear relationship between price change and trading volume, very few studies are found to be able to replicate this relationship in a simple and yet useful theoretical models to provide persuasive explanations for such relationship. This paper aims to fill the gap and provide an explanation for such price-volume relationship using a heterogeneous agent model (HAM) with evolutionary switching mechanism. From the US stock market data, we first document some useful stylized facts on trading volume. We then aim to replicate these facts using our model and show that our model is able to (1) replicate the seemingly chaotic fluctuations of financial market and (2) explain how stock prices and trading volumes co-evolve with agent beliefs in our simulation.
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK 74078 , USA

We propose an efficient approach for robust reconstruction of indoor scenes by taking advantage of the geometric relation between consecutive Manhattan keyframes and local pose refinement to improve the accuracy and fidelity of the reconstructed models. At the core of our framework, we have a Local Manhattan Frame Growing system, which finds the principal directions of the scene and aligns point clouds with the dominant plane, and a Local Pose Optimization, which refines the pose estimation for a specific range of frames. During the reconstruction process, we use Manhattan keyframes for a planar pre-alignment to provide a robust initialization for the final surface registration. All Manhattan keyframes are integrated using a frame-tomodel scheme to create local models based on the refined camera poses. The final dense model is reconstructed by adopting a geometric registration between local segments and integrating them into a global frame. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach to reduce the cumulative registration error and overall geometric drift.
Determination of Hepatitis C Viral Load and Genotypes by Real-Time and RT-PCR at Thi_Qar Province

The present study was carried out from Sept. 2010 to Jul. 2011 to detect the viral load and genotypes of HCV infections among asymptomatic peoples and patients referred to the central blood bank, center of thalassemia /AL-Haboby Hospital, renal dialysis unit/Al- Hussein Teaching Hospital and public health laboratory at Thi-Qar province. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique (RT-qPCR) was implemented on 90 individuals of anti-HCV seropositive by ELISA III assay. The results revealed that 51(56.66%) were gave positive results for HCV. The RT-qPCR analyses of the positive samples were showed that the viral loads were ranged from 1.19 Ã— 103 to 4.3 Ã— 106 IU/ml of blood . The mean of viral load was 5.9 Ã— 105 IU/ml of blood, whilst, the median was 2.6 Ã— 105 IU/ml. Three genotypes of HCV were detected in patients serum by RT-PCR technique. Genotype 1a (33.33%), genotype 1b (37.25%) and genotype 4 (86.27%) with significant differences (p>0.05). Genotype 4 was the predominant and found in 44 of 51 cases, of those 21(41.18%) as single infections. Mixed infections with genotype 4 and each of 1a and 1b was found in 21.57% and 11.76% respectively. Mixed infections with genotype 4 and both 1a and 1b was found in 11.76%. Single infections with genotype 1b only was found in 13.73%, while genotype 1a was detected only in mixed infections. This study was the first at Thi-Qar province which involved the searching for HCV viral load and genotypes by using of Real-Time and RT-PCR technique.
ENGLISH SENTIMENT CLASSIFICATION USING A BIRCH ALGORITHM AND THE SENTIMENT LEXICONS-BASED ONE-DIMENSIONAL VECTORS OF A GOWER-2 COEFFICIENT

Sentiment classification is significant in everyday life, such as in political activities, commodity production, and commercial activities. In this survey, we have proposed a new model for Big Data sentiment classification. We use a Balanced Interative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies algorithm (BIRCH) and many one-dimensional vectors basd on many sentiment lexicons of our basis English sentiment dictionary (bESD) to cluser one document of our English testing data set, which is 8,500,000 documents including the 4,250,000 positive and the 4,250,000 negative based on our English training data set which is 5,000,000 sentences comprising the 2,500,000 positive and the 2,500,000 negative. We calculate the sentiment scores of English terms (verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc.) by using a GOWER-2 coefficient (G2C) through a Google search engine with AND operator and OR operator. We do not use any multidimensional vector. We also do not use any one-dimensional vector based on a vector space modeling (VSM). We do not use any similarity coefficient of a data mining field. The BIRCH is used in clustering one sentence of one document of the testing data set into either the 2,500,000 positive or the 2,500,000 negative of the training data set. We tested the proposed model in both a sequential environment and a distributed network system. We achieved 87.82% accuracy of the testing data set. The execution time of the model in the parallel network environment is faster than the execution time of the model in the sequential system. The results of this work can be widely used in applications and research of the English sentiment classification.
Nitrogen fi xation in Australian dairy systems : review and prospect

Quantitative measurement of N2 fixation has rarely been conducted in Australian dairy pastures. The available data indicate that annual N2 fixation rates in Australian dairy pastures are generally low, due to low pasture legume content. With typical legume contents of grazed pastures less than 30% of total pasture biomass production, annual N2 fixation in herbage is usually much less than 50 kg ha year. Other factors which are likely to be able to contribute to increased N2 fixation input (rhizobia, mineral N management, soil acidity, soil water contents) will have little impact until such time as legume contents are increased. In contrast, for some hay systems, such as those using lucerne,N2fixation input is shown to be high (200–300 kg ha year). While pasture clover contents remain low there is little value in study or measurement of N2 fixation, nor in complex modelling, as N2 fixation will be of little quantitative importance. However, where legume contents, and thus potential N2 fixation are increased, there is scope for investigation into potential increases inN input from this source, which is invariably linked to fertiliser application, themanagement of grazing and theN returns in urine and dung. These are themajor influences on sward N dynamics and legume N2 fixation. The inoculant rhizobia used for white clover in Australia (TA1) is likely to be suboptimal. Isolated inTasmania in 1953 it has been shown to be inferior inN2fixation comparedwith other strains on several occasions.Rootpests anddiseases are likely tobeprevalent and impact directlyonclover root growthandperhapsnodulation. Modelling is often used to describe the probable influence of management and/or climate on the operation of agricultural systems.ReliablemodellingofN2fixation requires capacity to integrate the effects of grazing andpasture compositionon soil mineral N dynamics, the influence of this mineral N on nodulation and on suppression of N2 fixation, and environmental and management influences on soil rhizobial populations. Currently no models have demonstrated this capacity. At present, a suitably calibrated regression model is probably a good option for modelling N2 fixation in Australian dairy pastures. Environmental benefits ensuing from increasingN2fixation and substituting this for fertiliserNare likely to be greater offfarm (reduced GHG emissions at site of fertiliser manufacture) than on, if current fertiliser management is optimal. Nevertheless substituting fixed N for fertiliser N would have modest environmental and feed efficiency benefits. Received 27 April 2012, accepted 7 August 2012, published online 10 December 2012
Measurements of Oxidizer-Dilution Suppression Phenomena in a Buoyant , Turbulent Line Fire

The present study seeks to measure suppression effects in a canonical experimental configuration, featuring the exposure of a buoyancy-driven, turbulent, methaneor propane-fueled diffusion flame to a diluted oxidizer stream. Flames (~50 kW) are stabilized above a 5 cm by 50 cm slot-burner surrounded by a 50 cm by 75 cm co-flowing oxidizer. Nitrogen gas is introduced to the oxidizer to provide controlled flame suppression, through reduction in the oxygen mole-fraction of the oxidizer ( 2 O X ). Infrared flame emissions, measured using a heat-flux transducer, are converted to integral radiative loss fraction (χr) using a weighted multipoint radiation source model. Combustion exhaust temperatures provide a measure of the convective heat-release fraction (χc). Integral combustion efficiency (ηcomb) is measured using species-based calorimetry techniques. Measurements of ηcomb for both fuels remain close to unity, independent of reductions in 2 O X An abrupt drop in ηcomb occurs upon global flame extinction, at 2 O X = 0.151 for methane and at 2 O X = 0.139 for propane. Measurements of χr 1for both fuels decrease linearly with reducing 2 O X . At ambient conditions, χr for propane is greater than that for methane, attributed to greater sooting propensity. That ηcomb remains near unity while χr decreases with declining 2 O X , necessitates a concomitant increase in χc, in agreement with measurements. The measured sum χc + χr closely follows the measured ηcomb, with small offset attributed to heat losses not accounted for in the χc and χr measurements.
1 MUSCLE REDOX SIGNALLING PATHWAYS IN EXERCISE . ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS 1

19 Recent research highlights the importance of redox signalling pathway activation by 20 contraction-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in normal exercise21 related cellular and molecular adaptations in skeletal muscle. In this review, we discuss 22 some potentially important redox signalling pathways in skeletal muscle that are involved in 23 acute and chronic responses to contraction and exercise. Specifically, we discuss redox 24 signalling implicated in skeletal muscle contraction force, mitochondrial biogenesis and 25 antioxidant enzyme induction, glucose uptake and muscle hypertrophy. Furthermore, we 26 review evidence investigating the impact of major exogenous antioxidants on these acute 27 and chronic responses to exercise. Redox signalling pathways involved in adaptive responses 28 in skeletal muscle to exercise are not clearly elucidated at present, and further research is 29 required to better define important signalling pathways involved. Evidence of beneficial or 30 detrimental effects of specific antioxidant compounds on exercise adaptations in muscle is 31
- 2006-1031-Numerical Simulations of Collimator Insertions using MAFIA

This report concerns the simulation technique for longitudinal and transverse wakes, including results for some of the proposed collimator designs tested in the SLAC end station A wake-field tests. The purpose of this exercise is to verify existing simulation results and to expand the work to include the latest proposals for collimator designs. Several collimator designs including single steps to tapered structures have been simulated and the results are presented. For each of the test pieces proposed there are calculations of the transverse and longitudinal wake functions and the corresponding kick or loss factor. The angular deflection as a function of beam off set has also been calculated for a stepped collimator insertion. The total transverse kick presented to the beam is decomposed into its constituent multi-pole components and the dipole component is compared with an analytical model. The dipole kick factor is shown to be well-predicted by the analytical model. 1 Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, UK 2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom EUROTeV-Report-2006-103 2 Numerical Simulations of Collimator Insertions using MAFIA. 1 Abstract . 1
An Analysis of the Sources of Value Loss Following Financial Restatements

We decompose the total value loss around firms’ announcements of financial restatements into components arising from investors’ revisions in cash flows and discount rates. First, relative to population benchmarks, restatements represent circumstances in which the cash flow component becomes more important in explaining valuations. While we find significant contributions from both sources, with the cash flow component explaining more than 33% of the variation in stock returns surrounding restatement announcements, this component explains only 13% to 22% in comparable non-restating firms. When restatements are caused by underlying financial fraud, the discount rate impact becomes more important, explaining about 88% of return variation. On the contrary, the cash flow impact is relatively larger for firms with higher earnings persistence or restatements associated with errors. Our decomposition of the value loss helps explain returns in the post-announcement period. Firms with a higher relative discount rate impact experience a significant downward stock price drift after the initial announcement-related price decline. For firms with a higher relative cash flow impact, the evidence suggests the initial impact of the restatement announcement is more complete with no subsequent drift pattern. Our findings close gaps in the evidence on financial restatements and extend the literature on the drivers of stock price movements.
Double exponential stability of quasi-periodic motion in Hamiltonian systems

We prove that generically, both in a topological and measure-theoretical sense, an invariant Lagrangian Diophantine torus of a Hamiltonian system is doubly exponentially stable in the sense that nearby solutions remain close to the torus for an interval of time which is doubly exponentially large with respect to the inverse of the distance to the torus. We also prove that for an arbitrary small perturbation of a generic integrable Hamiltonian system, there is a set of almost full positive Lebesgue measure of KAM tori which are doubly exponentially stable. Our results hold true for real-analytic but more generally for Gevrey smooth systems.
Colorizing Near Infrared Images Through a Cyclic Adversarial Approach of Unpaired Samples

This paper presents a novel approach for colorizing near infrared (NIR) images. The approach is based on image-to-image translation using a Cycle-Consistent adversarial network for learning the color channels on unpaired dataset. This architecture is able to handle unpaired datasets. The approach uses as generators tailored networks that require less computation times, converge faster, less sensitive to hyper-parameters' selection and generate high quality samples. The obtained results have been quantitatively—using standard evaluation metrics—and qualitatively evaluated showing considerable improvements with respect to the state of the art.
Boost the Productivity of Domestic Firms ?

Are there productivity spillovers from FDI to domestic firms, and, if so, how much should host countries be willing to pay to attract FDI? To examine these questions we use a plant-level panel covering U.K. manufacturing from 1973 through 1992. Across a wide range of specifications, we estimate a significantly positive correlation between a domestic plant’s TFP and the foreign-affiliate share of activity in that plant’s industry. This is consistent with positive FDI spillovers. We do not generally find significant effects on plant TFP of the foreign-affiliate share of activity in that plant’s region. Typical estimates suggest that a 10 percentage-point increase in foreign presence in a U.K. industry raises the TFP of that industry’s domestic plants by about 0.5 percent. We also use these estimates to calculate the per-job value of these spillovers. These calculated values appear to be less than per-job incentives governments have granted in recent high-profile cases, in some cases several times less. Email addresses: j.e. haskel@qmul.ac. uk, S.Pereira@ucl.ac. uk, slaughter@dartmouth.edu. For very helpful discussion we thank Andrew Bernard, Bruce Blonigen, Steve Machin, Nina Pavcnik, Dave Richardson, Joel Slemrod, Scott Stern, and seminar participants at London School of Economics, University of Michigan, Syracuse University, the CEPR Labor Economics Workshop, and the NBER Summer Institutes for Productivity and International Trade and Investment. The data in this paper were used as part of the U.K. Office of National Statistics business-data-linking project. For financial support Haskel and Pereira thank the U.K. Economic and Social Research Council for grant #R000223239, and Slaughter thanks the National Science Foundation and the National Bureau of Economic Research.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GLADIOLUS ( GLADIOLUS X HYBRIDUS HORT . ) FOR RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE

POONAM KUMARI*, T. MANJUNATHA RAO, RAJIV KUMAR, M. V. DHANANJAYA AND R. VENUGOPALAN Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012 Division of Ornamental Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, Karnataka Section of Economics and Statistics, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, Karnataka e-mail: poonamjaswalfls@gmail.com
Trade Specialisation and Performance in Global Value Chains

This paper investigates whether trade specialisation explains economies’ trade performance within a Global Value Chain (GVC) context. We consider trade specialisation in natural resources, high and low tech manufacturing and business services, before and after the financial crisis. The aimed contribution of this paper is to shed light on the effects of trade specialisation as measured in domestic value added embodied in exports rather than gross exports. We add to the literature on GVCs by: (i) studying the role of the domestic productive structure in countries’ trade specialisation and performance, (ii) accounting for the rate of changes in trade specialisation as affecting GVC performance. We employ Balassa indexes based on value added flows in a GMM dynamic panel framework. We find that trade specialisation in low-tech manufacturing and natural resources have a negative impact on value added exported by countries. High-tech manufacturing and knowledge intensive services exhibit a positive effect during the crisis period. We discuss these findings in relation to the recent debates on the role of manufacturing and premature de-industrialisation in developing countries.