Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ignorance to Awareness: Towards an Information Security Awareness Process

With most employees in small and medium enterprise (SME) engineering firms now having access to their own personal workstations, the need for information security management to safeguard against loss/alteration or theft of the firms’ important information has increased. These SMEs tend to be more concerned with vulnerabilities from external threats, although industry research suggests that a substantial proportion of security incidents originate from insiders within the firm. Hence, physical preventative measures such as antivirus software and firewalls are proving to solve only part of the problem as the employees using them lack adequate information security knowledge. This tends to expose a firm to risks and costly mistakes made by naive/uninformed employees. This paper presents an information security awareness process that seeks to cultivate positive security behaviours using a behavioural intention model based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Protection Motivation Theory and the Behaviourism Theory. The process and model have been refined, tested through action research at an SME engineering firm in South Africa, and the findings are presented and discussed in this paper.
The Effect of Task Duration on Event-Based Prospective Memory: A Multinomial Modeling Approach

Remembering to perform an action when a specific event occurs is referred to as Event-Based Prospective Memory (EBPM). This study investigated how EBPM performance is affected by task duration by having university students (n = 223) perform an EBPM task that was embedded within an ongoing computer-based color-matching task. For this experiment, we separated the overall task’s duration into the filler task duration and the ongoing task duration. The filler task duration is the length of time between the intention and the beginning of the ongoing task, and the ongoing task duration is the length of time between the beginning of the ongoing task and the appearance of the first Prospective Memory (PM) cue. The filler task duration and ongoing task duration were further divided into three levels: 3, 6, and 9 min. Two factors were then orthogonally manipulated between-subjects using a multinomial processing tree model to separate the effects of different task durations on the two EBPM components. A mediation model was then created to verify whether task duration influences EBPM via self-reminding or discrimination. The results reveal three points. (1) Lengthening the duration of ongoing tasks had a negative effect on EBPM performance while lengthening the duration of the filler task had no significant effect on it. (2) As the filler task was lengthened, both the prospective and retrospective components show a decreasing and then increasing trend. Also, when the ongoing task duration was lengthened, the prospective component decreased while the retrospective component significantly increased. (3) The mediating effect of discrimination between the task duration and EBPM performance was significant. We concluded that different task durations influence EBPM performance through different components with discrimination being the mediator between task duration and EBPM performance.
Constitutive expression of Interleukin‐18 and Interleukin‐18 receptor mRNA in tumour derived human B‐cell lines

Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine involved in the Th1 immune response and expressed by a variety of cell types. IL‐18 is a member of the IL‐1 family and plays an important role in autoimmune diseases and inflammation. Using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) mRNA expression of IL‐18, IL‐18 receptor alpha (IL‐18Rα), and beta (IL‐18Rβ) were studied in tumour derived human B‐cell lines. Furthermore, we investigated IL‐18 protein secretion by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results, as presented in this report, suggest that IL‐18, IL‐18Rα, and IL‐18Rβ mRNA are constitutively and ubiquitously expressed in human B‐cell lines, but secretion of the functional protein does not occur. We therefore speculate that IL‐18 possibly affects B‐cells through paracrine actions.
Process Model for Administrating Construction Claims

Claims for additional costs and time extensions result from a variety of events occurring during the course of construction. To enhance the chances of success, contractors submitting claims must closely follow the steps stipulated in the contract conditions, provide a breakdown of alleged additional costs and time, and present sufficient documentation. On the other hand, project owners need to follow an overall comprehensive step-by-step procedure for tracking and managing the claims submitted by contractors. The paper presents a claims-management process that could be used by all parties involved in construction. The process identifies the major information- gathering and decision-making milestones as well as the notice and substantiation compliance checkpoints, which are critical to the development of defense arguments as claims are addressed. It further emphasizes the use of tools such as simulation, scheduling, productivity, and economic analysis and other modeling techniques in judging the level of justification and reasonableness of submitted claims.
Access to Health Insurance in the United States

One of the most compelling issues in United States health policy in the 1980s has been the growing number and proportion of the population with no health care coverage--no private health insurance, no Medicare coverage, no Medicaid coverage, no coverage through any other public or private program. Those without any coverage for health care expenses have come to be known as "the uninsured. " The uninsured have increased from 27 million, 13 percent of the total population, in 1977 (Kasper, Walden, and Wilensky n.d.) to 37 million, 16 percent of the population, in 1987 (Short, Monheit, and Beauregard 1988). This article examines the reasons why health insurance coverage is an important issue, those groups most likely to be uninsured, the major sources and types of coverage for the insured population, and public policy options being considered to address the problem of access to health insurance.
Revisiting the Supramolecular Organization of Photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii*

Background: Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins associate with photosystem II (PSII) to form a supercomplex. Results: We isolated an active PSII supercomplex from thylakoids solubilized with dodecyl-α-d-maltoside and visualized it in a large projection map with an electron microscope. Conclusion: The novel PSII supercomplex harbored three LHCII trimers on each side. Significance: The large and active PSII-LHCII supercomplex is engaged in green algal photosynthesis. Photosystem II (PSII) is a multiprotein complex that splits water and initiates electron transfer in photosynthesis. The central part of PSII, the PSII core, is surrounded by light-harvesting complex II proteins (LHCIIs). In higher plants, two or three LHCII trimers are seen on each side of the PSII core whereas only one is seen in the corresponding positions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, probably due to the absence of CP24, a minor monomeric LHCII. Here, we re-examined the supramolecular organization of the C. reinhardtii PSII-LHCII supercomplex by determining the effect of different solubilizing detergents. When we solubilized the thylakoid membranes with n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (β-DM) or n-dodecyl-α-d-maltoside (α-DM) and subjected them to gel filtration, we observed a clear difference in molecular mass. The α-DM-solubilized PSII-LHCII supercomplex bound twice more LHCII than the β-DM-solubilized supercomplex and retained higher oxygen-evolving activity. Single-particle image analysis from electron micrographs of the α-DM-solubilized and negatively stained supercomplex revealed that the PSII-LHCII supercomplex had a novel supramolecular organization, with three LHCII trimers attached to each side of the core.
A New Guideline to Reduce Postoperative Morbidity After Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Objectives: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is still associated with high morbidity. To reduce the frequency of postoperative complications, we have made revisions in perioperative managements of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods: Subjects were 128 consecutive patients who underwent PD between January 2000 and August 2006. In June 2004, the following new departmental guidelines were introduced: (1) modified Kakita method of pancreaticojejunostomy, (2) omental wrapping, (3) early removal of closed-suction drain, and (4) restrictive use of pancreatic and biliary duct stenting. Operative mortality and morbidity between 77 patients managed conventionally (group A) and 51 patients since 2004 (group B) were compared. Risk factors for postoperative complications were determined. Results: Postoperative morbidity in group B (39%) was significantly lower than in group A (64%; P = 0.019). Occurrence of grade B/C pancreatic fistula (PF) in group B (6%) was significantly lower than in group A (19%; P = 0.0376). Delayed gastric emptying was significantly reduced in group B relative to group A (23% vs 6%; P = 0.0133). Logistic regression analyses showed that the modified Kakita method was a negative independent factor for overall complications, PF, and delayed gastric emptying. Conclusions: The incidence of overall postoperative complications, grade B/C PF, and delayed gastric emptying after PD has been reduced because of the introduction of a new guideline.
INSURER RISK UNDER ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT AND FINANCING STRATEGIES

This article is concerned with the problem of optimizing the structure of assets and liabilities of stock insurance companies. Specifically an attempt is made to derive some empirical estimates of the risk of return to common stockholders under the assumption that capital is obtained by underwriting insurance fromi- a given line and invested in a securities portfolio of a given nature. By observing and relating the historical performance of insurance and investment portfolios, the variability of the rate of return to equity capital is simulated through the techniques of portfolio analysis. The balance sheet of a non life insurance company is populated by a broad array of financial instruments. The company's investments (assets) typically consist of a diversified portfolio of securities and proportionately small investments in real property. A portion of the capital invested in these assets is generated by selling insurance policies (liabilities) which may be classified by line. The composition of the portfolio of in
Weighted profile likelihood‐based confidence interval for the difference between two proportions with paired binomial data

Inference on the difference between two binomial proportions in the paired binomial setting is often an important problem in many biomedical investigations. Tang et al. (2010, Statistics in Medicine) discussed six methods to construct confidence intervals (henceforth, we abbreviate it as CI) for the difference between two proportions in paired binomial setting using method of variance estimates recovery. In this article, we propose weighted profile likelihood‐based CIs for the difference between proportions of a paired binomial distribution. However, instead of the usual likelihood, we use weighted likelihood that is essentially making adjustments to the cell frequencies of a 2 × 2 table in the spirit of Agresti and Min (2005, Statistics in Medicine). We then conduct numerical studies to compare the performances of the proposed CIs with that of Tang et al. and Agresti and Min in terms of coverage probabilities and expected lengths. Our numerical study clearly indicates that the weighted profile likelihood‐based intervals and Jeffreys interval (cf. Tang et al.) are superior in terms of achieving the nominal level, and in terms of expected lengths, they are competitive. Finally, we illustrate the use of the proposed CIs with real‐life examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glutathione depletion, radiosensitization, and misonidazole potentiation in hypoxic Chinese hamster ovary cells by buthionine sulfoximine.

Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibits the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the major nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) present in most mammalian cells. BSO concentrations from 1 microM to 0.1 mM reduced intracellular GSH at different rates, while BSO greater than or equal to 0.1 mM (i.e., 0.1 to 2.0 mM), resulting in inhibitor-enzyme saturation, depleted GSH to less than 10% of control within 10 hr at about equal rates. BSO exposures used in these experiments were not cytotoxic with the one exception that 2.0 mM BSO/24 hr reduced cell viability to approximately 50%. However, alterations in either the cell doubling time(s) or the cell age density distribution(s) were not observed with the BSO exposures used to determine its radiosensitizing effect. BSO significantly radiosensitized (ER = 1.41 with 0.1 mM BSO/24 hr) hypoxic, but not aerobic, CHO cells when the GSH and NPSH concentrations were reduced to less than 10 and 20% of control, respectively, and maximum radiosensitivity was even achieved with microM concentrations of BSO (ER = 1.38 with 10 microM BSO/24 hr). Furthermore, BSO exposure (0.1 mM BSO/24 hr) also enhanced the radiosensitizing effect of various concentrations of misonidazole on hypoxic CHO cells.
Multidimensional density shaping by sigmoids

An estimate of the probability density function of a random vector is obtained by maximizing the output entropy of a feedforward network of sigmoidal units with respect to the input weights. Classification problems can be solved by selecting the class associated with the maximal estimated density. Newton's optimization method, applied to the estimated density, yields a recursive estimator for a random variable or a random sequence. A constrained connectivity structure yields a linear estimator, which is particularly suitable for "real time" prediction. A Gaussian nonlinearity yields a closed-form solution for the network's parameters, which may also be used for initializing the optimization algorithm when other nonlinearities are employed. A triangular connectivity between the neurons and the input, which is naturally suggested by the statistical setting, reduces the number of parameters. Applications to classification and forecasting problems are demonstrated.
Lower limb deformities in children: two-stage correction using the Taylor spatial frame

The Taylor spatial frame is a new external ring fixation system developed for correction of axial, sagittal, planar and rotational deformities of the extremities. Between August 1999 and October 2000 five children were treated by this system. Four had shortened and deformed femurs after fracture, osteomyelitis or a congenital short femur. One patient had a pseudoarthrosis of the tibia. Mean corrections were leg lengthening 5.9 cm (1.7–7.2), valgus correction 10.6° (0–19), lateral translation 12.6 mm (0–33) and rotation 10°. The mean healing index was 48.4 days/cm. In all patients the bones fused without major complications. We recommend the Taylor spatial frame for corrections of complex limb deformities.
Morphology and Morphometry of the Meningo-Orbital Foramen as a Result of Plastic Responses to the Ambient Temperature and Its Clinical Relevance

AbstractThe meningo-orbital foramen (FMO) is an osteal opening, containing vessels providing an accessory blood supply to the orbit, situated close to the superior orbital fissure. Recent studies show FMO to be ubiquitous, with localization and occurrence varying, depending on a population, what may be due to environmental conditions (ie, temperature). It is often located near the operating area in surgeries in the orbital cavity, and its accurate localization allows avoiding unexpected bleeding during intervention. Because there is a lack of clarity in the literature concerning the morphology and the morphometry of the FMO, this study aimed to clarify the issue with clinical relevance. We studied dry adult human skulls (50 men and 33 women). The morphology and minimal distances between the FMO and standard anthropologic landmarks (nasion, frontomalare orbitale, supraorbital foramen, and zygomaticomaxillary suture) were measured, using MicroScribe G2L, a three-dimensional contact scanner. We compared the result with results of previous studies on populations from various climate zones. The FMO was present in 69.88% of the skulls (56.02% of orbits): in 60.34% of the skulls, the FMO was bilateral; and in 39.66%, unilateral. We observed 74 single, 10 double, and 2 triple foramina. The FMO was present mostly on the sphenoid and the frontal bone. There was no difference in minimal distances between the FMO and the anthropologic landmarks, depending on sex, except the distance to the nasion (shorter in women). The occurrence of the FMO in the population differed from that of other populations. The results show that it is possible that the morphology and the morphometry of the FMO depend on the climate zone or ambient temperature during growth, which should be considered before performing surgery in the orbital cavity.
Precorneal and pre- and postlens tear film thickness measured indirectly with optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of indirectly measuring the precorneal tear film thickness and pre- and postlens tear film (PLTF) thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS Central corneal thickness (C(1)) which includes the tear film (T) of both eyes of 40 non-contact lens wearers was measured using OCT after calibration. The mean age of the 40 subjects was 31.2 +/- 9.3 years with a mean horizontal K-reading of 7.87 mm. Rigid contact lenses with base curves 0.3- to 0.5-mm steeper than the flattest K of the eye were fitted to measure real corneal thickness (C(2)), independently of the postlens tear film. T was calculated by T = C(1) - C(2). To measure pre- and postlens tear film thickness, Focus Night & Day and Acuvue lenses (Vistakon, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL) were fitted on both eyes. Central soft lens thickness (L(1)), which includes the prelens tear film (P), was measured by OCT in situ and in saline in a wet cell (L(2)). P was calculated by P = L(1) - L(2). Thickness of the central cornea plus the postlens tear film (C(3)) was measured during lens wearing. Postlens tear film (PLTF) was calculated by PLTF = C(3) - C(2). RESULTS. The mean +/- SD precorneal tear film thickness was 3.3 +/- 1.5 microm (range, 0-6.9) before lens insertion and 4.7 +/- 2.3 microm (range, 0.7-11.0) after lens fitting, which was significantly thicker (paired t-test: P < 0.01). The prelens tear film thickness was 3.9 +/- 2.6 and 3.6 +/- 2.1 microm (mean +/- SD; paired t-test: P = 0.52) and the postlens tear film thickness was 4.5 +/- 2.3 and 4.7 +/- 3.1 microm (paired t-test: P = 0.08) on and under Focus Night & Day and Acuvue lenses, respectively. Post hoc tests showed that precorneal (baseline) and prelens tear films were equivalent, and each was different (thinner; Tukey honestly significant difference P < 0.05) from the postlens tear film. CONCLUSIONS OCT can noninvasively measure the thickness of the precorneal and prelens tear film as well as the postlens tear film. The thickness of the normal precorneal tear film is approximately 3 micro m and becomes thicker after lens fitting. The postlens tear film is thicker than the precorneal and prelens tear films with soft contact lenses. The thickness of both pre- and postlens tear films appears to be independent of the investigated lens types.
Impact of Agricultural Trade Liberalisation: Farmers’ Indebtedness and Suicides in Kerala

Kerala’s agriculture sector is unique in several ways. Some of its special features are (i) highly fragmented and small size of holdings, except the plantation sector, (ii) homestead farming with mixed crops yielding high income, (iii) larger area under commercial crops, especially capital intensive perennial tree crops, (iv) export orientation of crops, such as spices, cashew, rubber, coffee, tea, etc., (v) high credit and hired labour intensive cultivation and (vi) higher indebtedness of farmers. Some of these unique features are now found to be the handicaps of the sector, in the open trade environment which emerged after the formation of World Trade Organisation (WTO). Following trade liberalisation, while exports of agricultural commodities from the State declined, there was rise in imports which led to fall in domestic prices of commodities and rise in price volatility. This intensified the problems already faced by the agricultural sector of the State due to high cost of cultivation, stagnant productivity, etc. (Joseph and Joseph, 2005 and Jeromi, 2005). Unlike other states in the country, agricultural trade liberalisation adversely affected the agricultural sector in the State as more than 80 per cent of the agricultural commodities/products produced in the State are dependent on the situation of domestic and/or international markets (Government of Kerala, 2003). The export intensity of production of some of the crops like pepper, cardamom, cashew, etc., is high in the State. As the Kerala's economy was a relatively closed economy until mid-1990s, cultivation of commercial crops such a coconut, rubber, tea, coffee, spices, etc., was fairly profitable even without much improvement in productivity and value addition because of protected internal market and prospects for exports. However, with the removal of quantitative restrictions (QRs) and lowering of tariff levels on imports, farmers cultivating commercial crops have been affected following higher imports and stiff competition for exports in the international market. In the
Teachers' participation in different levels of decision making in council and Developing professional skills: A case from Iran

The main question of this study was to find whether high school teachers' professional skills could be predicted by their participation in different decision makings in council. The present research was particularly an applied and descriptive – correlation research. The population included all high school teachers in council in Dezfoul city located in south of Iran. The sample of study was 70. The measurement instrument s of the present research included the questionnaires of the extent of teachers 'participation in teachers' participation in teachers' council decisions, the selfassessment of teachers' professional skills, and a checklist for examining teachers' professional skills by investigators. The results of regression with Enter method, the multiple variable coefficient for linear combination of different domains decision makings and teachers ' professional skills was (MR = 0.746, RS = 0.557, P < 0.05). In addition, Educational decision makings was identified as the best predictor (t = 3.97, P = 0.001). Conference decision makings was also identified as the second predictor (t = 3.12, P = 0.003). Other independent variables (research, welfare, organizational) didn’t play any role in the prediction of teachers' professional skills.