Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
North Atlantic abrupt climatic events of the last glacial period recorded in Ukrainian loess deposits

Abstract. Loess deposits are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, where they have recorded not only the glacial-interglacial cycles, but also millennial-timescale changes resembling those in marine and ice cores. Such abrupt variations are clearly marked in western European series, but have not yet been evidenced in the East of the continent. Here we present results of the high-resolution investigation of a Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial loess sequence (~38–15 ka) from Stayky, Ukraine. The stratigraphy shows an alternation of loess horizons and embryonic soils, similar to sequences from western Europe. Similarities are also found between variations of a grain-size index (ratio between coarse and fine material fractions) in Stayky and in western European profiles. Based on these similarities and in agreement with the luminescence dates, the embryonic soils are associated with the Greenland interstadials (GIS) 7 to 2, and the Vytachiv paleosol at the base of the sequence, with GIS 8. Pollen analysis indicates a wetter climate for these interstadials, allowing the development of arboreal vegetation, than for the stadials, which are marked by loess formation. The grain-size index reaches the highest values for intervals correlated with the Heinrich events 3 and 2. Thus, it appears that the North Atlantic abrupt climate changes have extended their influence and modulated the loess sedimentation at least as far as eastern Europe. This result is supported by recent climate modeling experiments and recommends the Stayky sequence as a reference for further comparisons between profiles along the Eurasian loess belt centered at 50° N.
PNEUMOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA IN CHARLESTON COUNTY,

Filice, G. A. (Bacterial Diseases Div., Bureau of Epidemiology, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333), C. P. Darby and D. W. Fraser. Pneumococcal bacteremia in Charleston County, South Carolina. Am J Epidemiol 112:828-835, 1980. To describe the epidemiology of pneumococcal bacteremia in a large population, this study reviewed medical records for residents of Charleston County, South Carolina, who had pneumococci isolated from blood cultures during the period 1974-1976. The overall incidence of documented pneumococcal bacteremia was 8.5 cases per 100,000 population per year. It was highest for those in the first two years of life (35 per 100,000 per year) and those in their sixties (21 per 100,000 per year). The incidence was more than five times higher in blacks than in whites and within races appeared to be independent of socioeconomic status or population density. Seventy-three per cent of the cases occurred in persons with another medical problem. These data on the incidence of documented pneumococcal bacteremia underestimate the true incidence of bacteremia to the extent that blood cultures were not performed under optimal circumstances for all persons with compatible clinical syndromes. The data suggest that certain groups would benefit from vaccination against pneumococcal disease if the vaccines are shown to be safe and effective for these groups.
Digital Footprints: Envisaging and Analysing Online Behaviour

Our long-term research goal is the development of complex (and adaptive) behavioural modelling and proﬁling using a multitude of online datasets; in this paper we look at suitable tools for use in big social data, speciﬁcally here on how to ‘envisage’ this complex information. We present a novel way of representing personality traits (using the Five Factor model) with behavioural features (fan-tasy and profanity). We also present some preliminary ideas around developing a scalable solution to modelling behaviour using swear words.
Zinc supplementation and somatic cell count in milk of dairy cows

Pechova A. , L. Pavlata, E. Lokajova: Zinc Supplementation and Somatic Cell Count in Milk of Dairy Cows. Acta Vet Brno 2006, 75: 355-361. The goal of the study was to test the possibility of raising milk zinc (Zn) concentration by increasing the supplementation of Zn, and to assess the effect on the somatic cell count. The experiment was performed at a farm with Czech Pied cattle, with 500 dairy cows and average milk yield 6,390 l. The experiment included 40 dairy cows, assigned to either an experimental (E, n = 20) or a control group (C, n = 20) based on the principle of balanced pairs (efficiency, lactation stage). The experimental group was supplemented Zn in the chelate form (Bioplex Zn, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY), at the dose of 440 mg Zn per animal per day. Blood and milk samples were taken at the start of the experiment and at the end of months 1, 2 and 3. The average milk Zn concentration during the experiment was 57.36 ± 10.54 µmol·l -1 , ranging from 38.02 to 86.13 µmol·l -1 . A trend towards a positive effect of Zn supplementation on the health of the mammary gland was identified in association with the somatic cell count, which was significantly lower in the experimental group (114.90 ± 68.7·10 3 ·ml -1 vs. 208.60 ± 148.1·10 3 ·ml - 1 ; p < 0.05) by the end of month 3. A negative correlation was found between the somatic cell count and Zn concentration in milk (y = -0.0327 x + 61.557; r = -0.441; p < 0.01). Our results indicate that milk Zn concentration is not directly affected by the level of zinc supplementation in the feed ration, but zinc supplementation has a positive effect on the somatic cell count. Cattle, blood, milk, microelements, somatic cell count, organic Zn
Taxonomic Studies of Ciona intestinalis (L.) and Its Allies

The two species of the genus Ciona, C. robusta Hoshino et Tokioka and C. intestinalis (Linne) sensu Hoshino & Tokioka, 1967 from the Japanese waters are consistently distinguishable from each other by several minor but distinct features. On the other hand, the survey of literature and examination of many specimens collected from various localities in different years proved that European waters, the type locality of C. intestinalis, have been inhabited only by a single species indistinguishable morphologically from C. robusta. Thus, robusta should be regarded as a junior synonym of intestinalis. Further, it was also proved that C. intestinalis sensu Hoshino & Tokioka should be referred to C. savignyi Herdman originally collected off Kobe, Japan, during the Challenger Expedition, by reexamination of the type specimen of this species. In addition, brief references are made to other described species of the genus Ciona.
Experimentation and direct numerical simulation of self-similar convergent detonation wave

The propagation of self similar convergent detonation wave in TATB-based explosive composition was studied both experimentally and numerically. The device constists in a 50 mm cylinder of TATB surrounded by an HMX tube. The detonation in HMX overdrives the detonation in TATB which adapts to the propagation velocity with a convergent front at centerline. We measured a curvature of κ = −21.2 m−1 for propagation velocity of 8750 m/s, which extends the knowledge of the (Dn ,κ ) law. A wide ranged EOS/reaction rate model inspired from previous work of Wescott et al. was calibrated to reproduce both the run-to-detonation distance and the newly extended (Dn ,κ ) law for the 1D sligthly curved detonation theory. 2D Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) were made on fine resolved mesh grid for the experimental configuration and for various driver velocities. The simulation reproduces the experimental data both qualitatively (overall detonation structure) and quantitatively (κ = −25.4 m−1 ).
Population‐Level and Family‐Level Inbreeding Depression in a Cleistogamous Perennial

Cleistogamous species constitute strong evidence for the stability of mixed selfing and outcrossing but have been largely overlooked as theoretical and empirical systems for studying the forces thought to influence mating‐system evolution. Inbreeding depression is expected to play a major role in the maintenance of outcrossing, yet reliable estimates of inbreeding depression for cleistogamous species are virtually nonexistent. We estimated both population‐ and family‐level inbreeding depression for all life cycle stages for a population of the cleistogamous perennial Viola septemloba. Our estimate of cumulative inbreeding depression of 43% is substantially greater than two previous estimates for cleistogamous species, but it is not sufficient by itself to explain the maintenance of potentially outcrossed chasmogamous flowers.
Toward a Unified Highly Resolved Regional Climate Modeling System

Efforts have been made at the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) to develop a highly resolved regional climate model, aiming at simulating variability of Asian-Australian monsoon system and assessing impacts of the global change on the Asian-Pacific climate. The overall goal is to realistically simulate regional and meso-scale features of the Asian-Australian monsoon system and associated hydrological cycle. To achieve this goal, the model should be highly resolvable for a wide range of transient disturbances such as tropical storms and mesoscale vortices in the Meiyu/Baiu front. This paper discusses strategies for developing such a model based on a triply nested movable mesh primitive equation model that uses a two-way interactive nesting approach and an explicit cloud microphysics scheme. Our preliminary results suggest that for models with a resolution on an order of 10 km, the explicit mixed ice-phase cloud microphysics scheme has a superior physical basis and is less scale-dependent than implicit parameterization schemes such as deep, shallow convective parameterization currently being widely used in weather forecast and climate models. Especially, the better simulated downdrafts associated with organized convective systems by the explicit scheme can improve the simulation of meso-scale convective rain bands in severe storms or rain belts in Meiyu/Baiu fronts. The improved simulation of clouds (both spatial distribution and temporal evolution, and both water clouds and ice clouds) may provide physically based parameterization of cloud optical properties and fractional cloud amount and thus may potentially improve radiation budget and the cloud-radiation forcing in the climate models.
Impact of Curvature of Product Shape on Aesthetic Judgments

Competing products in the market are not widely different in terms of technical levels. Instead, their major difference lies in aesthetics and design, which are also the decisive factors of purchase decisions. Therefore, understanding consumers' aesthetic appreciation of industrial products is an important issue in the field of aesthetics and its application to consumption-related affairs. Former research indicated that people choose to stay away from sharp products and prefer curvilinear products. But what if the products under comparison are all curvilinear? Will people's preference for the same product vary with different curvatures? Do individual differences exist between people? Through this study, it has been discovered that people indeed have a preference for curvilinear products. However, regarding preference for a product with different curvatures, it does not follow that preference increases with the continued increase of curvature. At the peak, the rising trend will start to fall down. In addition, after the peak of preference appears, there is a significant difference in the major curvature between the participants with a design background and the ordinary participants. While the ordinary participants' preference for curvilinear products does decline, preference of the participants with a design background declines sharply. The above finding may serve as a reference for designers who may consider the application and timing of curves in designing product shapes in the future.
Adverse drug reactions in hospitalized paediatric patients in a tertiary care center in Kerala, India

Background: Drug safety information about children is scarcely available. This study aims to describe the ADRs in hospitalized paediatric patients under 12 years of age in paediatrics wards of DM WIMS Hospital, Wayanad, Kerala, a tertiary care center in southern part of India.Methods: A retrospective study based on data collected as per the ongoing pharmacovigilance program of India (PvPI) was conducted for twelve months period in order to study the ADRs in hospitalized paediatric patients under 12 years of age with at least one medication prescribed. The study was conducted in paediatrics wards of DM WIMS Hospital, Wayanad. WHO-UMC scale and Naranjo´s Algorithm was used to evaluate causality, the modified Hartwig and Siegel assessment scale was used to establish severity and the Schumock and Thornton criteria was used to determine preventability.Results: Forty-two children (42) who experienced 55 ADRs were included in the study. The frequency was higher in children under 1 year of age (47.62%). Emergence of ADRs was higher in male patients (59.52%), in those used three or more medicines together (71.43%) and in those with systemic antibiotics (58.18%). Conclusions: Being the first study from Kerala in paediatric patients, it is an important contribution to drug safety profile in children from this region of India. ADRs frequency and other descriptive characteristics are provided for the enrolled children under 12 years of age. ADRs are an additional burden of morbidity and risk, particularly in those who used several medicines, including antibiotics.
Swimming capacity and pleopod beat rate as a function of sex, size and moult stage in Northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica

An experimental method to estimate the relative swimming capacity of pelagic crus- taceans is proposed. Swimming capacity measured as propulsive force can be estimated by attaching the animal to a virtually friction free rotational displacement transducer with an arm allowing only forward and backward movements. The method also allows determination of beat rates of the pleo- pod cycle. Results from the use of the method on different sizes, sexes and moult stages of Northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica indicate that the swimming capacity of krill increases with the size of the animal, although pleopod beat frequency decreases with increasing size of the animal. We found no difference in swimming capacity between females and males, but female krill had a higher pleopod beat frequency than males. The moult stage of the animal affects the swimming capacity, with newly moulted krill being weaker swimmers. It also affects pleopod beat frequency, with newly moulted krill having the lowest frequency. We argue that results of this kind may be useful in attempts to interpret observed demographic distribution patterns in migration studies as well as in studies of krill population dynamics.
High-resolution imaging of ultracompact HII regions III. G11.11-0.40 and G341.21-0.21 ?;??

We present the rst near-infrared images of the two massive southern star-forming regions G11.11- 0.40 and G341.21-0.21, obtained with adaptive optics at sub-arcsecond resolution. Together with conventional narrow-band near-infrared images and polarization maps, mid-infrared data, millimetre and radio data, we were able to determine the morphological structure and to constrain the stellar content of the regions. In both cases the molecular cloud cores have masses of about 500 M and contain clusters of OB stars. This supports the view that massive stars do not form in isolation. In the case of G11.11-0.40 we could identify the central O star responsible for the ionization of the ultracompact Hii region. Our results for G341.21-0.21 indicate that this source is a precursor of an ultracompact Hii region.
Extension Removal in Abstract Argumentation - An Axiomatic Approach

This paper continues the rather recent line of research on the dynamics of non-monotonic formalisms. In particular, we consider semantic changes in Dung’s abstract argumentation formalism. One of the most studied problems in this context is the so-called enforcing problem which is concerned with manipulating argumentation frameworks (AFs) such that a certain desired set of arguments becomes an extension. Here we study the inverse problem, namely the extension removal problem: is it possible – and if so how – to modify a given argumentation framework in such a way that certain undesired extensions are no longer generated? Analogously to the well known AGM paradigm we develop an axiomatic approach to the removal problem, i.e. a certain set of axioms will determine suitable manipulations. Although contraction (that is, the elimination of a particular belief) is conceptually quite different from extension removal, there are surprisingly deep connections between the two: it turns out that postulates for removal can be directly obtained as reformulations of the AGM contraction postulates. We prove a series of formal results including conditional and unconditional existence and semantical uniqueness of removal operators as well as various impossibility results – and show possible ways out.
Effect of Boron Content on Atomic Structure of Boron-bearing Multicomponent Oxide Glasses: A View from Solid-state NMR

붕소가 포함된 다성분계 규산염 용융체의 원자 구조를 규명하는 것은 화산의 분화 양상을 포함한 다양한 지구화학적 과정의 원자 단위 기작을 밝히는데 중요하다. 붕소를 포함한 소듐 알루미노규산염 용융체의 붕소 및 알루미늄 주위의 원자 환경에 관한 자세한 정보는 수용액과 핵폐기물 유리(nuclear waste glasses)의 반.
Mentoring Middle School Students: A Program Evaluation

This work examined the effectiveness of a first year middle-school-based mentoring program on improving the overall achievement of at-risk students. The literature on school-based mentoring was reviewed to determine variables used to examine the effectiveness of school-based mentoring programs. Following a quasi-experimental design, three sets of preand post-test quantitative data was collected and analyzed regarding students’ academic performance, attendance, and behavior referrals and compared against those of a control group. Mentoring was found to have differential effects on students’ GPA, total and unexcused absences, and behavior referrals. Implications for future research are discussed.
The Influence of Entrepreneurs’ Credentials and Impression Management Behaviors on Perceptions of New Venture Legitimacy

We examine how entrepreneurs’ behaviors related to credentials and impression management (IM) impact perceptions of new venture (NV) legitimacy. Results from this experiment, as hypothesized, show that entrepreneurs’ credentials and IM behaviors are positively related to legitimacy perceptions. Contrary to expectations, however, findings do not support either interaction hypothesis when credentials are high or low. We discuss how these findings illustrate the importance of entrepreneurs’ behaviors during the NV creation process and outline multiple directions for future research.
Supervised autoencoders: Improving generalization performance with unsupervised regularizers

Generalization performance is a central goal in machine learning, particularly when learning representations with large neural networks. A common strategy to improve generalization has been through the use of regularizers, typically as a norm constraining the parameters. Regularizing hidden layers in a neural network architecture, however, is not straightforward. There have been a few effective layer-wise suggestions, but without theoretical guarantees for improved performance. In this work, we theoretically and empirically analyze one such model, called a supervised auto-encoder: a neural network that predicts both inputs (reconstruction error) and targets jointly. We provide a novel generalization result for linear auto-encoders, proving uniform stability based on the inclusion of the reconstruction error---particularly as an improvement on simplistic regularization such as norms or even on more advanced regularizations such as the use of auxiliary tasks. Empirically, we then demonstrate that, across an array of architectures with a different number of hidden units and activation functions, the supervised auto-encoder compared to the corresponding standard neural network never harms performance and can significantly improve generalization.
Developing and standardization of a structured questionnaire to determine the temperament ( Mizaj ) of individuals

Temperament (Mizaj) plays an important role in the maintenance of health and prevention of disease and forms the basis of pathology, diagnosis and treatment in Iranian traditional medicine. In Iranian traditional medicine different characteristics have been ascribed to different types of Mizaj. Yet no standard instrument for identifying Mizaj of individuals has been developed. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to develop and standardize a structured questionnaire to determine the Mizaj of individuals. Two types of structured questionnaires were developed first for determining the innate Mizaj that is acquired by birth and the second for the acquired. The first questionnaire was made of 26 items and the second of 56 items. Participants included 197 individuals referring to Sib Diet Clinic. The validity and reliability assessment tests showed that content validity index was equal to one, Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.912 for innate Mizaj assessment questionnaire and 0.825for acquired Mizaj assessment questionnaire. Inter Cluster Correlation was above 0.9 for all the four types of Mizaj. The findings of this study show that the developed questionnaires had a good level of reliability and validity in determining Mizaj of individuals.
Food Intake and Fertility: Variation in the Regulation of Appetite and its Role in Reproductive Status

A thorough understanding of genetic variation within a population as well as geneenvironment interaction is essential in the clinical prediction and manipulation of physiological phenotypes. In a human population, many incidences of infertility are of a genetic origin, and up to 25% have no apparent cause (Roupa et al, 2009). Environmental cues interact with genetics to modulate reproductive status; a lack of sufficient nutrient intake can result in infertility in a genetically normal mouse or human (Mitan, 2004). In addition, increasing evidence indicates that genetic variability in the concentration of specific neurotransmitters and circulating hormones can confer varying degrees of vulnerability or resistance to the onset of obesity by regulating appetite and metabolism (Palmiter, 2009; Beck, 2000). The development of an animal model is essential for the examination of genetic variability, phenotypic plasticity and geneenvironment interactions. However, many models, including lab mice and rats, are completely unlike human populations in genetic structure, providing little insight into genetic variability in appetite and fertility in humans (Smale et al, 2005). A wild-derived animal model, therefore, shows the most promise in elucidating the interaction between environmental and genetic contributions to infertility and obesity.