Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does the Stock Market Overreact

Research in experimental psychology suggests that, in violation of Bayes' rule, most people tend to "overreact" to unexpected and dramatic news events. This study of market efficiency investigates whether such behavior affects stock prices. The empirical evidence, based on CRSP monthly return data, is consistent with the overreaction hypothesis. Substantial weak form market inefficiencies are discovered. The results also shed new light on the January returns earned by prior "winners" and "losers. " Portfolios of losers experience exceptionally large January returns as late as five years after portfolio formation. As ECONOMISTS INTERESTED IN both market behavior and the psychology of individual decision making, we have been struck by the similarity of two sets of empirical findings. Both classes of behavior can be characterized as displaying overreaction. This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility that these phenomena are related by more than just appearance. We begin by describing briefly the individual and market behavior that piqued our interest. The term overreaction carries with it an implicit comparison to some degree of reaction that is considered to be appropriate. What is an appropriate reaction? One class,,of tasks which have a well-established norm are probability revision problems for which Bayes' rule prescribes the correct reaction to new information. It has now been well-established that Bayes' rule is not an apt characterization of how individuals actually respond to new data (Kahneman et al. [14]). In revising their beliefs, individuals tend to overweight recent information and underweight prior (or base rate) data. People seem to make predictions according to a simple matching rule: "The predicted value is selected so that the standing of the case in the distribution of outcomes matches its standing in the distribution of impressions" (Kahneman and Tversky [14, p. 416]). This rule-of-thumb, an instance of what Kahneman and Tversky call the representativeness heuristic, violates the basic statistical principal that the extremeness of predictions must be moderated by considerations of predictability. Grether [12] has replicated this finding under incentive compatible conditions. There is also considerable evidence that the actual expectations of professional security analysts and economic forecasters display the same overreaction bias (for a review, see De Bondt [7]). One of the earliest observations about overreaction in markets was made by J. M. Keynes:". day-to-day fluctuations in the profits of existing investments,
Ovarian cancers in the young. Epidemiologic observations

Study was made of U.S. mortality rates for ovarian cancers among girls aged 0‐19 years, 1950‐1968, and of 59 hospital records for children with these neoplasms. The death rates showed no significant changes over the 18‐year period. Ovarian cancer mortality was low in young children, and the increase during adolescence and early adulthood was greater among non‐whites. Most tumors in the young were of the germ‐cell type (teratocarcinoma, dysgerminoma, and embryonal carcinoma) in contrast to a predominance of cystadenocarcinomas in the elderly. Gonadal dysgenesis was the only congenital defect associated with ovarian neoplasia. No evidence was found for the etiologic role of environmental agents, but more detailed investigations are needed.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Pacemaker Surgery; A Prospective Trial With Local or Systemic Administration of Antibiotics at Generator Replacements

To evaluate the effect of short‐term antibiotic prophylaxis at pacemaker surgery, consecutive patients scheduled for routine generator replacements were randomly assigned to a double blind study. One group received systemic prophylactic (SP) antibiotics and one group was given local prophylactic (LP) antibiotics. One‐hundred and eight patients entered the study, but three were subsequently excluded. The SP group received flucloxacillin 2 gm intravenously 1 hour before surgery, then 1 gm orally every 8 hours for the following 5 days. In the LP group, 10 ml of a dextran emulsion with 5% cloxacillin was instilled in the generator pocket at the end of the operation. Infection developed in 0/53 in the SP group and 2/52 in the LP group. Tissue fluid was drawn 24 hours postoperatively from the generator pocket for determination of pocket concentration of antibiotics and culture tests. The concentration of flucloxacillin in tissue fluid from the pacemaker pocket 1 day postoperatively could be measured in 29 patients in the SP group with a median of 7.2 μg/ml. Median level of pocket fluid concentration of cloxacillin was 58.5 μg/ml in 31 patients in the LP group. Bacteriological cultures were positive in 1/32 patients in the SP group and in 1/33 in the LP group, but none of these patients developed infection. In conclusion, there was a low infection rate, both with systemic prophylaxis with flucloxacillin for a short period of time and with local prophylaxis with cloxacillin perioperatively.
Epidemiological and clinical features in immigrant children with coeliac disease : an Italian multicentre study

1 d Background.There are no available data concerning the incidence and the clinical pattern of coeliac disease in immigrant childre o Italy from developing countries. Aims. To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical features of coeliac immigrant children coming to Italy. Patients and methods.Hospital records of 1917 children diagnosed in 22 Italian Centres from 1999 to 2001 as having coeliac ere retrospectively reviewed, comparing immigrant patients versus Italian ones. Results.36/1917 (1.9%) coeliac children were immigrant. This prevalence was similar to that of the immigrant children among t aediatric population living in Italy. Prevalence was influenced by geographical factors, being higher in Northern Italy (1.7%) and taly (2.5%) than in Southern–Insular Italy (1.5%), as consequence of a higher proportion of immigrants in these regions. The nati he immigrant children were East Europe (15/36), Northern Africa (14/36), Southern Asia (4/36), West Africa (1/36), East Africa (1 he Middle East (1/36). The clinical spectrum and dietary habits in immigrant patients were similar to those of the Italian children. Conclusions.Coeliac disease among the immigrant children coming from developing countries is an emerging problem, and p eed to be fully aware of it. An important risk factor for coeliac disease in immigrant children appears to be sharing of the same die ith the Italian population. The finding of coeliac disease in children coming from many countries worldwide suggests that coelia s a global public health problem. 2004 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r. l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Coding sequence and growth regulation of the human vimentin gene

We have established the complete coding sequence of the human vimentin gene. It had 91% homology to the coding sequence of the Syrian hamster vimentin gene (Quax et al., Cell 35:215-223, 1983) and partial homology to several other sequences coding for intermediate filament proteins. The most striking difference between the Syrian hamster and human vimentin genes was in the 3' untranslated region, which was considerably longer in the Syrian hamster. Using RNA blots and a human vimentin cDNA clone from an Okayama-Berg library, we have established that expression of the vimentin gene was growth regulated. The steady-state levels of cytoplasmic vimentin mRNA in 3T3 cells were increased by serum and platelet-derived growth factor, but not by epidermal growth factor, insulin, or platelet-poor plasma. The increase in expression of the vimentin gene that occurred when G0-phase cells were stimulated to proliferate was detected in six different cell types from four different species. The expression of the vimentin gene was also increased when HL60 cells were induced to differentiate by phorbol esters; it decreased when differentiation was induced by retinoic acid.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection of Endothelial Cells Triggers Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. HCMV infection of endothelial cells may lead to vascular damage in vitro, and acute-phase HCMV infection has been associated with thrombosis. We hypothesized that viral infection of endothelial cells activates coagulation cascades and contributes to thrombus formation and acute vascular catastrophes in patients with atherosclerotic disease. To assess the effects of HCMV on thrombogenesis, we examined the adhesion and aggregation of blood platelets to uninfected and HCMV-infected endothelial cells. At 7 days after infection, platelet adherence and aggregation were greater in infected than in uninfected cultures (2,000 platelets/100 cells and 225 ± 15 [mean ± standard error of the mean] aggregates/five microscopic fields versus 100 platelets/100 cells and no aggregates). von Willebrand factor (vWF), ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 but not collagen IV, E-selectin, P-selectin, CD13, and CD31 were expressed at higher levels on infected cells than on uninfected cells. Platelet aggregation was inhibited by blocking of platelet GPIb (with blocking antibodies) or GPIIb/IIIa (with ReoPro) or by blocking of vWF (with polyclonal antibodies to vWF). Furthermore, blocking of vWF, platelet GPIb, and ICAM-1 but not of the endothelial cell marker CD13, α5β3-integrin, or HCMV glycoprotein B reduced platelet adherence to infected cells by 75% ± 5%, 74% ± 5%, or 18% ± 5%, respectively. The increased thrombogenicity was dependent on active virus replication and could be inhibited by foscarnet and ganciclovir; these results suggest that a late viral gene may be mediating this phenomenon, which may contribute to vascular catastrophes in patients with atherosclerotic disease.
A Study of Compact Object Mergers as Short Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitors

We present a theoretical study of double compact objects as potential short/hard gamma-ray burst (GRB) progenitors. An updated population synthesis code, StarTrack, is used to calculate properties of double neutron stars and black hole-neutron star binaries. We obtain their formation rates, estimate merger times, and finally predict their most likely merger locations and afterglow properties for different types of host galaxies. Our results serve for a direct comparison with the recent HETE-2 and Swift observations of several short bursts, for which afterglows and host galaxies were detected. We also discuss the possible constraints these observations put on the evolutionary models of double compact object formation. We emphasize that our double compact object models can successfully reproduce at the same time short GRBs within both young, star-forming galaxies (e.g., GRB 050709 and GRB 051221A), as well as within old, elliptical hosts (e.g., GRB 050724 and probably GRB 050509B).
Is elevated beta‐hexosaminidase activity a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease?

in the vicinity of stimulation, and the nature of the circuitry dysfunction are important. In addition, pulse width, frequency, current, total electrical energy delivered (TEED), and the timing of stimulation in relation to oscillatory and other physiological activity play an important role. Therefore, in light of this complex and nonlinear interplay of largely unknown factors, clearly TEED should not be considered as the only controlling variable. Considering only one parameter, whether frequency or voltage, is again another example of making things simpler rather “as simple as possible,” in Albert Einstein’s words. Montgomery and Huang highlighted that voltage is the greater predictor of clinical response; however, in the same study that they quoted, Moro et al. state: “Bradykinesia and tremor showed no improvement at frequencies below 50 Hz, no matter what the voltage. ” As for the timing of evaluation, we understand the scientific rationale for Huang et al.’s study; however, not only clinical experience but also an ad hoc study show that the effect of stimulation might take several minutes to become well defined. In conclusion, our editorial was not meant to be a review of the current debate on parameters of stimulation; it was only proposing a framework to encourage the authors and indeed all practitioners of deep brain stimulation to keep all of this complexity under consideration.
The method of sib‐pair linkage analysis in context of case‐control design

We used sib‐pair linkage analysis as part of an epidemiologic approach to solving Problem 2 of the GAW10 data set of nuclear families. We recoded the quantitative trait Q1 into a dichotomous trait using Q1 ≥ 40 as the cut‐point. In a case‐control design of sib‐pair analysis, the affected siblings of the proband were the case subjects and the unaffected siblings were the control subjects. Case and control subjects were compared with respect to the number of alleles at one or more loci (0,1,2) that were identical‐by‐descent (IBD) with those of the proband. Odds ratios (Ors) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were then computed with subjects sharing no alleles (share‐0) serving as the reference group. Significantly high ORs were taken as indication of linkage between a marker locus and a suspected disease‐susceptibility locus. The case‐control sib‐pair analysis identified marker D5G15 as associated with disease susceptibility (OR of sharing two alleles [share‐2] = 7.7 [95% CI 2.5‐23.9]). Our results were consistent with the results from Kruglyak and Lander's method of complete multipoint sib‐pair analysis for linkage. For the marker (D5G15) identified through sib‐pair analysis, we examined the effects of other covariates and evaluated gene‐environment interaction using conditional logistic regression. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The second-order Klein-Gordon field equation

We introduce and discuss the generalized Klein-Gordon second-order partial differential equation in the Robertson-Walker space-time, using the Casimir second-order invariant operator written in hyperspherical coordinates. The de Sitter and anti-de Sitter space-times are recovered by means of a convenient choice of the parameter associated to the space-time curvature. As an application, we discuss a few properties of the solutions. We also discuss the case where we have positive frequency exponentials and the creation and annihilation operators of particles with known quantum numbers. Finally, we recover the Minkowskian case, that is, the case of null curvature.
Accessibility to topoisomerases I and II regulates the replication efficiency of simian virus 40 minichromosomes

We determined the effects of chromatin structure on template accessibility to replication factors and used three different templates as substrates for simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication in vitro: native and salt-treated SV40 minichromosomes and protein-free SV40 DNA. Native minichromosomes contain histone H1 and numerous nonhistone proteins in addition to the core histones, whereas salt-treated minichromosomes carry essentially only core histones. We reasoned that the less densely packed salt-treated minichromosomes should be more effective replication templates due to their more extended configuration. However, contrary to this expectation, we found that native minichromosomes replicated with significantly higher efficiency than salt-treated minichromosomes, while protein-free DNA was most active as a replication template. The higher replication efficiency of native minichromosomes was due to two activities bound to the chromatin, which were identified as DNA topoisomerases I and II. By using chromatin substrates of different general configurations, we also showed that the overall chromatin structure determines accessibility to topoisomerases I and II and thereby the efficiency of replicative chain elongation.
CHANGES IN CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY OF TEA LEAVES WITH SHOOT MATURITY AND COLD STORAGE

The variation in the composition of fresh tea leaves with season and shoot maturity, and to the applicability of cold storage (4C and 90% relative humidity [RH]) for the purpose of withering of tea leaves were studied. The results showed that the levels of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and the polyphenolic content changed significantly with plucking season and shoot maturity. No significant difference was observed between the total polyphenolic content of the cold storage-withered and traditionally withered samples, whereas the loss of PPO activity was less in the cold-stored leaves. No significant difference was observed between the cold storage-withered and traditionally withered samples in terms of the end product quality. Results showed that cold storage at 4C and at 90% RH was suitable for storing fresh leaves after plucking until the time of processing and it is possible to achieve withering during the cold storage of tea leaves.
A Conceptual Framework for Measuring Benefits of E-Governance

E-Governance is about reform in governance, facilitated by the creative use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This leads to better access to information and quality services for citizens. Government invests large sums of money in implementing e-governance projects for benefiting the citizens. The main objective behind e-governance is to provide support and simplify governance for citizens. Therefore it is important to understand the types of benefits realized by citizens as a result of adopting e-governance services. The present paper discusses the benefits of e-governance by reviewing the previous studies done by various researchers. The researches on the benefits of e-governance in the contexts of various developing and developed countries are reviewed. Based on the review of prior research, a framework for categorizing the benefits of e-governance is proposed in the context of India, wherein four dimensions of benefits are identified i.e., Economic Benefits, Quality of Service (QoS) benefits, Quality of Governance (QoG) benefits and Personal Development. The scales for measuring these benefits are also proposed. The proposed framework can be used for empirically examining the extent of these benefits realized by the citizens and for studying the contribution of these benefits in the overall effectiveness of e-governance. Keywords: E-governance, Information and Communication Technology, Economic Benefits, Quality of Service, Quality of Governance, India
Black Hole attack Detection using fuzzy based IDS

In the past few years, an evolution in the wireless communication has been emerged, along with the evolution a new type with large potential application of wireless network appears, which is the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET). Black hole attack consider one of the most affected kind on MANET. Therefore, the use of intrusion detection system (IDS) has a major importance in the MANET protection. In this paper, an optimization of a fuzzy based intrusion detection system is proposed which automate the process of producing a fuzzy system by using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for the initialization of the FIS and then optimize this initialized system by using Genetic Algorithm (GA). In addition, a normal estimated fuzzy based IDS is introduces to see the effect of the optimization on the system. From this study, it is proven that the optimized proposed IDS perform better that the normal estimated systems.
A telephone survey of patient satisfaction with realtime telemedicine in a rural community in Colombia

We conducted a telephone survey of all patients referred to a realtime telemedicine consultation at the Centre for Telehealth in Bogotá. Over a six-month period, 281 teleconsultations were conducted, and we were able to retrieve telephone numbers for 156 patients. Of these, 121 patients (78%) agreed to answer the questionnaire. Eighty percent of the respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with the teleconsultation and 63% would use telemedicine again. Sixty-five percent thought that telemedicine improved their medical care. More than 50% believed that telemedicine had a positive effect in terms of medical care improvement, time- and cost-savings. Twenty-seven percent felt that teleconsultation was not as good as a traditional face-to-face consultation. Lack of familiarity with ICT did not appear to act as a major barrier to telemedicine, and cognitive factors may be more important in acceptability to patients and their satisfaction. The results of the present study may also be relevant to the poorest countries of the world, where two-thirds of the population live in rural areas.
Relative risk versus absolute risk: one cannot be interpreted without the other: Clinical Epidemiology in Nephrology

Abstract For the presentation of risk, both relative and absolute measures can be used. The relative risk is most often used, especially in studies showing the effects of a treatment. Relative risks have the appealing feature of summarizing two numbers (the risk in one group and the risk in the other) into one. However, this feature also represents their major weakness, that the underlying absolute risks are concealed and readers tend to overestimate the effect when it is presented in relative terms. In many situations, the absolute risk gives a better representation of the actual situation and also from the patient's point of view absolute risks often give more relevant information. In this article, we explain the concepts of both relative and absolute risk measures. Using examples from nephrology literature we illustrate that unless ratio measures are reported with the underlying absolute risks, readers cannot judge the clinical relevance of the effect. We therefore recommend to report both the relative risk and the absolute risk with their 95% confidence intervals, as together they provide a complete picture of the effect and its implications.
Can susceptibility to carcinoid tumors be inherited?

Previously, all carcinoid tumors were considered to occur sporadically. We present an extremely rare series of three first‐degree relatives in two generations with proximal duodenal carcinoid tumors and other family‐associated neoplasms. This unusual circumstance, which has never been described previously, represents the sixth case of familial clustering of carcinoid tumors reported in the world's literature.