Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental trajectories of attachment and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents

ABSTRACT Previous research has found that insecure attachment is associated with depression. In the present study, we use an accelerated longitudinal cohort design to examine how the association between attachment and depression develops during childhood and adolescence. Specifically, 690 children from 3 distinct cohorts (grades 3, 6, and 9) completed self-report measures of attachment and depressive symptoms 3 times over 3 years. Growth curve analyses indicated that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were uniquely related to depressive symptoms. Higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms over time. Additionally, changes in attachment security were associated with changes in depressive symptoms. The analyses suggest that insecure attachment and depressive symptoms co-vary and that these dynamics are evident in childhood and adolescence.
Neuroanesthesia and outcomes: evidence, opinions, and speculations on clinically relevant topics.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this review is to identify outstanding topics most relevant to neuroanesthesia practice and patient outcomes. We discuss the role of awake craniotomy, choice of general anesthetic agents, monitoring of anesthetic 'depth', mannitol-induced diuresis, neurophysiological monitoring, hyperventilation, and cerebral hypoperfusion. RECENT FINDINGS Awake craniotomy, although a technique likely underused, is associated with enhanced recovery after surgery and prolonged survival after brain tumor resection compared with surgery under general anesthesia. The choice of general anesthetic must balance patient and surgical factors. Although propofol may be associated with favorable oncologic outcomes, currently available retrospective evidence does not specifically address neurosurgical patients. Both the definition and monitoring of anesthetic 'depth' remains elusive. Neuroanesthesiologists need to recognize and manage intraoperative light anesthesia in a timely fashion. Further evidence related to the optimal management of mannitol-induced diuresis and hyperventilation in neurosurgical patients is needed. Contemporary neurophysiological monitoring can reasonably detect intraoperative neurologic injury; however, its effect on patient outcome is unclear. Finally, cerebral hypoperfusion without stroke may be common; however, the clinical significance requires further investigation. SUMMARY We provide an overview of several topics that are relevant to neuroanesthesia practice and patient outcomes based on evidence, opinions, and speculations. Our review highlights the need for further outcome-oriented studies to specifically address these clinically relevant issues.
Transcriptional Expression of the ompA, cpaf, tarp, and tox Genes of Chlamydia trachomatis Clinical Isolates at Different Stages of the Developmental Cycle

The transcriptional gene expression patterns of Chlamydia trachomatis have mainly been studied using reference strains propagated in cultured cells. Here, using five low-passage-number C. trachomatis clinical isolates that originated from asymptomatic or symptomatic female patients, the in vitro expression of the ompA, cpaf, tarp, and tox genes was studied with reverse transcriptase real-time PCR during the chlamydial developmental cycle. We observed dissimilarities in the gene expression patterns between the low-passage-number clinical isolates and the reference strains. The expression of ompA and the peak of the tox expression were observed earlier in the reference strains than in most of the clinical isolates. The expression of cpaf was high in the reference strains compared with the clinical isolates at the mid-phase (6–24 hours post infection) of the developmental cycle. All of the strains had a rather similar tarp expression profile. Four out of five clinical isolates exhibited slower growth kinetics compared with the reference strains. The use of low-passage-number C. trachomatis clinical isolates instead of reference strains in the studies might better reflect the situation in human infection.
STUDIES ON MEMBRANE TRANSPORT, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PARASITE‐HOST INTEGRATION *

The physicochemical relationships between a host and a parasite will involve a region in space and time which may be termed the host-parasite interface. The host-parasite interface will be intimately involved in determining the nature and extent of integration, and thus the outcome of the relationship, since it represents the region of chemical juxtaposition of regulatory mechanisms of both host and parasite. In the latter regard, two distinct aspects of the interface have regulatory significance: The physicochemical characteristics of the surrounding host fluids, together with mechanisms regulating their composition; and the functional characteristics of surfaces or surface membranes of the parasites themselves. The latter includes the bounding membrane and associated organelles in acellular forms, but may possibly be considered to comprise entire organs, such as the lining of the parasite’s digestive tract, in many metazoan species. In the work to be presented, the authors have examined functional capacities of a cestode parasite, Hymenolepis diminufa, with regard to acquisition of amino acids from a surrounding fluid. The selection of a tapeworm for such a study might be regarded as unfortunate in some quarters, since it can be argued that these animals are not “typical” parasites; however, because a gut is lacking, tapeworms provide an unusually favorable material for studies of acquisition of substances by intact organisms. It cannot be decided as yet whether the interface, in the case of a cestode, should be considered to include a specific bounding membrane or the entire integument, which studies with the electron microscope have shown to be acelMar (Read, 1955; Rothman, 1963; Threadgold, 1962). Nature of absorption processes and previous studies with cestodes. Definitions of parasitism are usually couched in nutritional terms. In order for a material to serve as a nutrient it must, of course, be metabolizable, but it must also become available for metabolism. A nutrient may become available directly by entry into the parasite, or it might be altered by the parasite into a form which can then enter, or it might be utilized at the interface itself. While there have been numerous measurements of the metabolism of various substances by parasites, there have been few attempts to study the processes by which parasites acquire materials from the environment. It seems appropriate to include brief comments on the types of processes by which compounds could be directly acquired. General discussions of absorption mechanisms are quite numerous, and the subject receives periodic review in the physiological literature. Among many excellent discussions, those of Davson and Danielli ( 1952), Danielli ( 1954), Gale (1954), LeFevre ( 1954), Rosenberg (1954), Harris
Indigenous therapies for skin diseases in sub‐Saharan Africa

Typically, most patients in Nigeria would have tried both oral and topical remedies before visiting a dermatology clinic. There are no documentations of what these remedies are. The aim of this study is to determine what remedies patients use and the influence of age, gender, level of education, and marital status on the choice of herbal remedies. This was a retrospective cross‐sectional chart review over a 3‐year period. Records of all new patients attended to at the dermatology clinic between October 2015 and October 2018 were retrieved and relevant information extracted. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. A total of 835 new patients were seen during the study period, 56.9% females and 43.1% males. Prior to attending the dermatology clinic, 52.8% had used a remedy which was herbal in 9.1% and Western in 90.9%. Out of those that had used herbal medications, 65% was oral, 27.5% was topical and 7.5% was topical and oral. Out of those that had used Western medications, 63.1% was topical 23.9% was oral and 13% was oral and topical. Herbal and western medications were used in 11 persons. Most Nigerian patients use a Western remedy before dermatology clinic attendance. In the few patients who use herbal remedies, this is independent of age, gender, level of education, diagnosis, and marital status.
A molecular rheostat: Kv2.1 currents maintain or suppress repetitive firing in motoneurons

Kv2 currents maintain and regulate motoneuron (MN) repetitive firing properties. Kv2.1 channel clustering properties are dynamic and respond to both high and low activity conditions. The enzyme calcineurin regulates Kv2.1 ion channel declustering. In patholophysiological conditions of high activity, Kv2.1 channels homeostatically reduce MN repetitive firing. Modulation of Kv2.1 channel kinetics and clustering allows these channels to act in a variable way across a spectrum of MN activity states.
Effect of topical application of adrenaline on Schlemm canal, trabecular meshwork and intraocular pressure

Abstract Aim: To measure changes in the sizes of Schlemm canal (SC) and trabecular meshwork (TM) in healthy individuals before and after topical application of 1% adrenaline at 15, 45, and 90 minutes using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT). Methods: Anterior chamber angle imaging of the nasal and temporal regions of the right eyes was performed with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) before and after topical application of 1% adrenaline at 15, 45, and 90 minutes. The diameter and area of SC, width and thickness of TM, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and pupil diameter (PD) were measured with ASOCT images. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was also recorded simultaneously. Results: A total of 15 healthy individuals were enrolled and included 7 male subjects and 8 female subjects; Compared with the parameters before intervention, both the SC diameter and area in the 2 quadrants increased after the application of adrenaline at the 3 time points (P < .05). The TM width increased after medication (P < .05). IOP decreased significantly after application (P < .05). There were no statistically significant changes in TM thickness, ACD, and PD at any point of time (P > .05). Conclusion: Topical application of 1% adrenaline in eye led to decrease in IOP with the SC diameter and area as well as the TM width increased after medication. While the TM thickness, ACD, PD seemed to remain constant.
Posaconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical practice and longitudinal analysis of the effect of routine laboratory measurements on posaconazole concentrations

Posaconazole is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of posaconazole is used to optimise drug exposure. The aim of this study was to analyse and describe the TDM practices and exposure of posaconazole tablets. Patients who received posaconazole for treatment or prophylaxis of fungal infections were included in the study. The following therapeutic window was defined: if concentration was low (<0.7 mg/L for prophylaxis or < 1.5 mg/L for treatment) or high (>3.75 mg/L), the hospital pharmacist provided the physician with dosage advice, which implementation to patient care was analysed. A longitudinal analysis was performed to analyse if different confounding variables had an effect on posaconazole concentrations. Forty‐seven patients were enrolled resulting in 217 posaconazole trough concentrations. A median of 3 (IQR 1‐7) samples was measured per patient. The median concentration was 1.7 mg/L (IQR 0.8‐2.7) for prophylaxis and 1.76 mg/L (IQR 1.3‐2.3) for treatment. Overall, 78 posaconazole concentrations were out of the therapeutic window. For 45 (54%) of these concentrations, a dosage change was recommended. In the longitudinal analysis, the laboratory markers and patient baseline variables did not have an effect on posaconazole concentrations. Adequate posaconazole exposure was shown in 64% (affected 28 patients) of the measured concentrations. TDM practice of posaconazole can be improved by increasing the implementation rate of dose recommendation by a multidisciplinary antifungal stewardship team.
Exploiting Textual, Visual, and Product Features for Predicting the Likeability of Movies

Watching movies is one of the most popular entertainments among people. Every year, a huge amount of money goes to the movie industry to release movies to the market. In this paper, we propose a multimodal model to predict the lika-bility of movies using textual, visual and product features. With the help of these features, we capture different aspects of movies and feed them as inputs to binary and multi-class classiﬁcation and regression models to predict IMDB rating of movies at early steps of production. We also propose our own dataset consisting of about 15000 movie subtitles along with their metadata and poster images. We achieve 76% and 63% weighted F1-score for binary and multiclass classiﬁcation respectively, and 0.7 mean square error for the regression model. Using prediction methods and data analysis, this research helps the movie business to be more productive.
GazeButton: enhancing buttons with eye gaze interactions

The button is an element of a user interface to trigger an action, traditionally using click or touch. We introduce GazeButton, a novel concept extending the default button mode with advanced gaze-based interactions. During normal interaction, users can utilise this button as a universal hub for gaze-based UI shortcuts. The advantages are: 1) easy to integrate in existing UIs, 2) complementary, as users choose either gaze or manual interaction, 3) straightforward, as all features are located in one button, and 4) one button to interact with the whole screen. We explore GazeButtons for a custom-made text reading, writing, and editing tool on a multitouch tablet device. For example, this allows the text cursor position to be set as users look at the position and tap on the GazeButton, avoiding costly physical movement. Or, users can simply gaze over a part of the text that should be selected, while holding the GazeButton. We present a design space, specific application examples, and point to future button designs that become highly expressive by unifying the user's visual and manual input.
Genotypic analyses and virulence characterization of Glaesserella parasuis isolates from Taiwan

Background Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis (G. parasuis) causes severe economic losses in the swine industry. Multiple G. parasuis strains can exist in single animals. Typing techniques are required for identifying G. parasuis isolates. Different strains within a serovar display varying virulence. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) can assess the heterogeneity. The group 1 virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (vtaA) gene is an indicator of virulence. The aim of this study was to characterize Taiwanese G. parasuis isolates via molecular serotyping, vtaA PCR and ERIC-PCR. Methods One hundred and forty-five strains were collected between November 2013 and March 2017 in Taiwan and further examined by molecular serotyping, vtaA PCR and ERIC-PCR. Results The dendrogram revealed heterogeneous genetic diversity within many clusters. Partial correlation between the ERIC-PCR clusters of different strains, serovars and lesion patterns was observed. Twelve herds (8.3%) infected with more than one strain. Group 1 vtaA positive rate reached 98.6%. Discussion This study showed the high genetic diversity of G. parasuis in Taiwan by a high discriminatory capability of ERIC-PCR. Group 1 vtaA commonly exists in G. parasuis isolates and may play important roles in the pathogenesis of Taiwanese G. parasuis isolates.
Congenital peritoneal encapsulation: A review and novel classification system

Congenital peritoneal encapsulation (CPE) is a very rare, congenital condition characterised by the presence of an accessory peritoneal membrane which encases a variable extent of the small bowel. It is unclear how CPE develops, however it is currently understood to be a result of an aberrant adhesion in the peritoneal lining of the physiological hernia in foetal mid-gut development. The condition was first described in 1868, and subsequently there have been only 45 case reports of the phenomenon. No formal, systematised review of CPE has yet been performed, meaning the condition remains poorly understood, underdiagnosed and mismanaged. Diagnosis of CPE remains clinical with important adjuncts provided by imaging and diagnostic laparoscopy. Two thirds of patients present with abdominal pain, likely secondary to sub-acute bowel obstruction. A fixed, asymmetrical distension of the abdomen and differential consistency on abdominal palpation are more specific clinical features present in approximately 10% of cases. CPE is virtually undetectable on plain imaging, and is only detected on 40% of patients with computed tomography scan. Most patients will undergo diagnostic laparotomy to confirm the diagnosis. Management of CPE includes both medical management of the critically-unstable patient and surgical laparotomy, partial peritonectomy and adhesiolysis. Prognosis following prompt surgical treatment is excellent, with a majority of patients being symptom free at follow up. This review summarises the current literature on the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. We also introduce a novel classification system for encapsulating bowel diseases, which may distinguish CPE from the commoner, more morbid conditions of abdominal cocoon and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.
Association of Skin Tag with Metabolic Syndrome and its Components: A Case–control Study from Eastern India

Background: Skin tags are benign polyps, usually found in the natural folds of the skin. Some studies have found an association of skin tags with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and atherogenic lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome refers to co-occurrence of these cardiovascular risk factors such as insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Aims and Objectives: To find out any possible association of skin tags with metabolic syndrome and its components. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted including 140 participants. Seventy patients with skin tags were considered cases, and 70 age- and sex-matched patients without skin tags were considered as controls. Various anthropometric and biochemical parameters were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results: Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher waist circumference, high triglyceride, and low high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in cases compared to controls. The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in patients with skin tags, and risk of developing metabolic syndrome was 11.13 times higher in cases compared to controls (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed high waist circumference and low serum HDL had significant association with skin tags. Conclusion: Risk of development of metabolic syndrome is significantly higher in patients with skin tags. Among the various components of metabolic syndrome, only high waist circumference and low serum HDLs are significantly associated with skin tags.
Oxytocin and Oxytocinase in the Obese and Nonobese Parturients during Induction and Augmentation of Labor

Abstract Objective To investigate differences in oxytocin (OXT) biodistribution between nonobese and obese parturients during labor. Study Design Patients with body mass index (BMI) of either ≥ 18 ≤ 24.9 kg/m2 (“nonobese”) or ≥ 30 kg/m2 (“obese”) undergoing elective induction of labor were included (N = 25 each). Blood samples were collected at baseline (T0), and 20 minutes after maximal OXT augmentation or adequate uterine contractions (T1) for OXT and oxytocinase assays. A mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test for group versus time interaction and analysis of covariance to detect a difference in OXT level at T1. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results The mean BMIs (kg/m2) were 22.1 ± 1.6 and 35.9 ± 5.1 in the nonobese and obese groups, respectively. No differences were observed in either the duration of OXT infusion, total dose of OXT, or plasma OXT (pg/mL) either at T0 or T1. However, plasma oxytocinase (ng/mL) was significantly lower at T0 (1.41 [0.67, 3.51] vs. 0.40 [0.29, 1.12]; p = 0.03) in the obese group. Conclusion We provide preliminary evidence that the disposition of OXT may not be different between obese and nonobese women during labor.
Support and Satellite Cells Within the Rabbit Dorsal Root Ganglion: Ultrastructure of a Perineuronal Support Cell

Study Design. The membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasmic contents of satellite cells were evaluated using a transmission electron microscope. Objective. To delineate satellite cell morphometries. Summary of Background Data. The role of the satellite support cells associated with the neuronal cell bodies remains poorly understood. Previous research has identified one type of satellite support cells. Methods. Dorsal root ganglions were excised from 10 adult New Zealand White rabbits. Sections from L2–L5 ganglions were prepared, cut, and analyzed under a transmission electron microscope. Results. A total of 190 neurons and their associated satellite cells were selected for analysis. Three subgroups of satellite cells were identified. The two predominant subgroups consisted of previously described satellite cells. The third subgroup consisted of highly complex and unusual cells. Nineteen satellite cells (4%) did not conform to any previous description of glial cells. Cells were characterized by larger nuclei, with numerous inclusions, and by extensively convoluted reflections of the cellular membrane. These cells were “perched” or “piggy-backed” on top of a convoluted and multilayered cytoplasmic sheet. Conclusion. A new type of support cell representing a different cell line or a highly adapted cell with specific functional capacities was identified.
Associations between displayed alcohol references on Facebook and problem drinking among college students.

OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between displayed alcohol use and intoxication/problem drinking (I/PD) references on Facebook and self-reported problem drinking using a clinical scale. DESIGN Content analysis and cross-sectional survey. SETTING Facebook Web site (http://www.facebook.com/). PARTICIPANTS The study included undergraduate students (age range, 18-20 years) at 2 state universities with public Facebook profiles. MAIN EXPOSURES The profiles were categorized into 1 of 3 distinct categories: Nondisplayers, Alcohol Displayers, and I/PD Displayers. OUTCOME MEASURES An online survey measured problem drinking using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scale. Analyses examined associations between alcohol display category and (1) AUDIT problem drinking category using logistic regression, (2) AUDIT score using negative binomial regression, and (3) alcohol-related injury using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS Among 307 profiles identified, 224 participants completed the survey (73% response rate). The average age was 18.8 years; 122 (54%) were female; 152 (68%) were white; and approximately 50% were from each university. Profile owners who displayed I/PD were more likely (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.0-9.4) to score in the problem drinking category of the AUDIT scale, had 64.0% (incidence rate ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.27-11.0) higher AUDIT scores overall, and were more likely to report an alcohol-related injury in the past year (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Displayed references to I/PD were positively associated with AUDIT scores suggesting problem drinking as well as alcohol-related injury. Results suggest that clinical criteria for problem drinking can be applied to Facebook alcohol references.