Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does moral judgement improve in occupational therapy and physiotherapy students over the course of their pre-licensure training?

Healthcare professionals often encounter moral dilemmas in clinical practice that require increased responsibility and accountability for ethical decision-making. This paper reports the results of a 6-year longitudinal study that explored changes in moral judgement of five consecutive cohorts of occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) students over the course of their professional training. The training programme included an ethics education component. The Defining Issues Test (DIT) developed at the University of Minnesota was used to measure moral judgement. A total of 548 students participated in the study. At entry into their professional training, the DIT scores of the OT and PT students were similar but higher overall than the norms established for college level students or for graduates from professional programmes in the DIT standardization sample. At the time of graduation, results showed no significant differences in moral judgement scores between males and females, their chosen programme of study (OT or PT), year of entry, or previous education. Comparing entry scores to exit scores from both programmes for 288 students who provided data at both times, we found that moral judgement scores increased significantly in both OT and PT students over the 2-year programme of study. No differences were found in scores across gender, programme, year of entry, or previous education. Implications are discussed for including a formal ethics education component in the curricula of all health professional training programmes. Recommendations for future research are outlined.
Communication-focused business process redesign: assessing a communication flow optimization model through an action research study at a defense contractor

It can be argued that process redesign has a long history, going as far back as Taylor's (1911) scientific management and reaching its peak in the 1990s with business process re-engineering. Throughout most of its history, operational-level approaches to process redesign maintained a focus on "workflows," or the chronological flows of activities in processes. It is argued in this paper that while this makes some sense in materials transformation processes whose final product usually is a tangible manufactured item (e.g., a car engine), this orientation is fundamentally inconsistent with the communication-intensive nature of the vast majority of processes found in organizations today. This paper attempts to show that a focus on communication flow representations and methods is likely to lead to better process redesign outcomes than is a focus on representations and methods in connection with "workflows. " It does so by developing a set of research questions based on the communication flow optimization model and answering those questions in the context provided by three process redesign projects conducted at a defense contractor in the US.
Compliance on Clinical Outcomes for Patients with Dysphagia on Video ̄ uoroscopy

This study investigates clinical outcomes and the degree of compliance in patients who received advice on dysphagia management and the eect of the level of compliance on the incidence of chest infections and aspiration pneumonia, cause of death, and hospital readmission. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 140 patients who had videōuoroscopic studies at Princess Margaret Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand, from 1 January 1996 to 30 June 1997. The degree to which recommendations on dysphagia management were followed was correlated with the incidence of chest infections, aspiration pneumonia, and readmissions to the hospital. Cause of death, including the contribution of aspiration pneumonia, was assessed by review of medical records and death certi®cates. Information was available for 89% of the cohort. Twenty-one percent of the survivors never complied with the advice given. Noncompliant subjects were younger (p < 0:05) and more likely to be living at home rather than receiving institutional care (p  0:05). Noncompliers had more hospital admissions because of chest infections or aspiration pneumonia (22% vs. 1.5%; p < 0:001). Home-dwelling noncompliant subjects received more courses of antibiotics (p < 0:02), but there was no dierence in the number of chest infections. Fiftyfour people died during the study period. Aspiration pneumonia was recorded as a de®nite or probable cause of death in 26 (52%) of the 50 subjects for whom reliable information was available and in 6 of 7 subjects who made a deliberate and documented decision not to comply. We conclude that noncompliance with recommendations about dysphagia management is associated with adverse outcomes. There was a high mortality rate and aspiration pneumonia was a common cause of death.
Integrated micro-Raman/infrared thermography probe for monitoring of self-heating in AlGaN/GaN transistor structures

Self-heating in AlGaN/GaN device structures was probed using integrated micro-Raman/Infrared (IR) thermography. IR imaging provided large-area-overview temperature maps of powered devices. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to obtain high-spatial-resolution temperature profiles over the active area of the devices. Depth scans were performed to obtain temperature in the heat-sinking SiC substrate. Limitations in temperature and spatial resolution, and relative advantages of both techniques are discussed. Results are compared to three-dimensional finite-difference simulations
Trends in Soil Carbon Stockpile of Three Major Forests Along an Altitudinal Gradient in Indian Central Himalaya

Current investigation reveals the stock of soil organic carbon (SOC) along with altitudinal gradients in Oak ( Quercus leuchotrichophora ), Pine ( Pinus roxburghii ) and Sal ( Shorea robusta ) dominant forests in Shiwalik region of Kumaun Himalayas in India. The estimated soil organic carbon was found 16.0 ± 4.3 to 19.4 ± 6.4 g kg -1 for Oak, 17.8 ± 2.0 to 25.6 ± 1.6 g kg -1 for Pine and 15.8 ± 2.2 to 21.4 ± 1.9 g kg -1 for Sal forests, respectively in 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil depths. SOC stock was found to be in decreasing pattern with increasing altitude from 193.6 to 166.4, 146.4 to 137.6 and 159.2 to 141.6 t C ha -1 in Oak, Pine and Sal forests, respectively. It is an indicator of higher biological activity or anthropogenic disturbance associated with top layers of these forest areas. Higher SOC was recorded in Sal forest compared to Oak. In Sal forest, high tree density leads to higher accumulation of SOC compared to conifers while it was low in wide spread Pine forest, resulting in less storage of carbon stock in turn. ECOPRINT 21: 7-13, 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/eco.v21i0. 11898
Characteristics of chaos synchronization in semiconductor lasers subject to polarization-rotated optical feedback

We numerically investigate the detailed characteristics of chaos synchronization in semiconductor lasers subject to polarization-rotated optical feedback. The emission of the dominant TE mode of a drive laser is rotated 90 deg and fed back to the laser with time delay. The polarization-rotated TE mode is also injected with time delay into the TM mode of a second laser. Two types of synchronization with different time-lags are found, as in the case for synchronization in semiconductor lasers with nonrotated optical feedback. However, a significant difference to the nonrotated optical feedback case is that neither of the two types of synchronization requires matching of optical carrier frequency between the two lasers.
Effects of Roads on Hydrology, Geomorphology, and Disturbance Patches in Stream Networks

Abstract: We outline a view of how road networks interact with stream networks at the landscape scale and, based on examples from recent and current research, illustrate how these interactions might affect biological and ecological processes in stream and riparian systems. At the landscape scale, certain definable geometric interactions involving peak flows ( floods) and debris flows (rapid movements of soil, sediment, and large wood down steep stream channels) are influenced by the arrangement of the road network relative to the stream network. Although disturbance patches are created by peak‐flow and debris‐flow disturbances in mountain landscapes without roads, roads can alter the landscape distributions of the starting and stopping points of debris flows, and they can alter the balance between the intensity of flood peaks and the stream network's resistance to change. We examined this conceptual model of interactions between road networks and stream networks based on observations from a number of studies in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon (U.S.A.). Road networks appear to affect floods and debris flows and thus modify disturbance patch dynamics in stream and riparian networks in mountain landscapes. We speculate that these changes may influence the rates and patterns of survival and recovery of disturbed patches in stream networks, affecting ecosystem resilience, and we outline an approach for detecting such effects based on a patch dynamics perspective. A field sampling scheme for detecting the magnitude of various road effects on stream and riparian ecology could involve (1) landscape stratification of inherent stream network susceptibility to floods or debris flows, (2) overlay of road and stream networks and creation of areas with various densities of road‐stream crossings, emphasizing midslope road‐stream crossings, and (3) designations of expected high‐ and low‐impact stream segments based on numbers of upstream road‐stream crossings where sampling of selected biological variables would be conducted.
Review on fuzzy expert system and data mining techniques for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

According to World Health Organization (WHO), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has become the leading cause of death in many countries, especially in Asia. In Indonesia itself, CAD becomes the second rank for the cause of death because 9.89% of the total number of deaths is caused by CAD. This paper focused on reviewing possible algorithm types of data mining, fuzzy, and combination between data mining and fuzzy applied for dataset processing and classification to identify patients suspected of having CAD and optimized in minimal time with high accuracy. The choice of data to design a detection system also varied. Standart datasets with relevant features are used to facilitate detection of abnormalities with the maximum detection rate. The use of data mining techniques produced the highest accuracy of 99%, they were with J48 algorithm, Naive Bayes, REPTREE, CART, and Bayes Net. The use of fuzzy produced accuracy of 94% that was by methods of mamdani inference system and fuzzy membership function of triangle and trapezoid. The use of data mining and fuzzy produced 94.92% with decision tree algorithms, fuzzy, and ICA.
Cell wall analysis of oral filamentous bacteria.

SUMMARY: The cell wall compositions of 41 strains of oral filamentous bacteria belonging to the genera Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia and Bacterionema were examined by paper chromatography. Leptotrichia walls showed principally alanine, glutamic acid, DAP, glycine and aspartic acid. The genus Bacterionema had the same amino acids but aspartic acid appeared to be a minor component and was not detected in the mucopeptide fraction of the cell walls. The strains of Fusobacterium gave an amino acid pattern characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria; however, lysine was a major component in the mucopeptide. The genus Leptotrichia is thus distinct from the other two genera and should include two species, Leptotrichia buccalis and another organism termed ‘Anaerobic filaments’.
Intervention for the control of STDs including HIV among commercial sex workers, commercial drivers and students in Nigeria *

As part of the Ondo State University-Australian National University collaborative research program on sexual networking, a survey of the commercial sex industry and the people engaged in it was undertaken in five major cities and large towns in Nigeria in 1992-93 (Orubuloye, Caldwell and Caldwell 1994). A total of 914 sex workers were interviewed and all participated in subsequent in-depth interviews that provided information about them and details about sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, and condom use. Before the sex workers study, a survey of 258 long-distance truck drivers and 467 itinerant female hawkers was undertaken in Ibadan in June and July of 1991 (Orubuloye, Caldwell and Caldwell 1993). The primary aim of the drivers and hawkers studies was to determine the extent of sexual networking among these mobile groups whose daily activities were connected with the transport network. Another purpose was to examine whether the threat of an AIDS epidemic was merely a function of the movement of large numbers of people or whether the roads form a sexual network that could be modified (Orubuloye et al. 1993). A study of sexual behaviour of the young and sexually restless student population was also carried out in 1991 in the then Ondo and Oyo States. Two locations, one rural and one urban, were selected from each state for the purpose of finding out and identifying those aspects of the students’ behaviour and way of life that made them vulnerable to STDs including HIV infection (Owuamanam 1995). Important findings subsequent to these earlier studies are highlighted here as background to the intervention programs that were begun in 1996-97 to slow or halt the spread of AIDS among these sexually active groups and their partners. The commercial sex workers
Life-history strategy of the herring gull : changes in survival and fecundity in a population subjected to various feeding conditions

The present study compares breeding parameters and adult survival rate in a herring gull colony before and after the closing of a large refuse tip where breeders used to find most of their food. During the first study period (1983-88) food of human origin was abundant and virtually always available. During the second period (1989-90) such food was scarce. The annual adult survival rate was time-dependent. It varied from 0.826 (SE = 0.031) in 1987-88 to 0.975 (SE = 0.022) in 1985-86. The average survival rate calculated for 1983-90 was 0.881 (SE = 0.014). There was no significant difference in adult survival between males and females. The closure of the refuse tip was not followed by a significant decrease in adult survival rate. After the refuse tip was closed, mean clutch size and mean production of young per breeding pair decreased by 6.7% and 49.1%, respectively. Mean adult body weight decreased by 4.6% for males and by 4.7% for females. The proportion of non-breeders among former breeders and the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old individuals among ringed birds did not change after closure of the tip. The results are discussed in terms of the life-history theory, which predicts that in long-lived species a decrease in food supply should affect fecundity before affecting adult survival.
The comparison of socioeconomic status, perceived social support and mental status in women of reproductive age experiencing and not experiencing domestic violence in Iran

Abstract: Background: Given the significant health effects of domestic violence against women, the present study was conducted in 2016, in Tehran, Iran in order to compare the socioeconomic status, perceived social support and mental status in women of reproductive age experiencing and not experiencing domestic violence. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 women. The data collection tools used included questionnaires: demographic information, Socioeconomic, Beck’s Depression, Spielberger’s Anxiety, Cohen’s Perceived Stress, Sarason’s Perceived Social Support and WHO’s Domestic Violence Inventory. Results: The results showed that 43.2% of women said they had experienced at least one case of domestic violence, among which 16.4%, 15% and 36.6% of women had experienced physical, sexual and emotional-verbal types of violence, respectively. The mean age (p less than 0.001) and educational level (p=0/018) of violated women and their spouses (p less than 0.001) were lower than those of non-violated women. Furthermore, violated women experienced lower socioeconomic status (p less than 0.05), higher perceived stress (p less than 0.008), higher depression (p less than 0.001), and higher overt anxiety (0.002. They also perceived lower levels of social support (p less than 0.001). Conclusions: The issue of domestic violence was rather prevalent in the participants of the present study, particularly the younger, less educated and more socioeconomically deprived communities and families.
Stability, Effectiveness, and Safety of Desiccated Thyroid vs Levothyroxine: A Rebuttal to the British Thyroid Association

In 2007, an Executive Committee (the Committee) of the British Thyroid Association (BTA) published a document in which it concluded that levothyroxine is safer, more stable, and more effective than Armour Thyroid. By extension, the conclusion also applies to other natural desiccated thyroid (NDT) prod- 43 ucts, such as Nature-Throid and Westhroid. Enough evidence is available, however, to conclude that T /T 4 therapies with either synthetic hormones or NDT are safer and more effective than T replacement, and that NDT is more stable than levothyroxine products. The Committee mentioned clinical trials that directly bear on its conclusions, but it did not include any of these in the reference section of its document. Instead, it ref- erenced a review of the clinical trials by Escobar-Morreale et al. and a meta-analysis of the trials by Gro- 43 zinsky-Glasberg et al. These two publications, however, deal with synthetic T /T therapies, not NDT. Both publications contain factual errors and unbalanced presentations of data, excluding or limiting data favorable 43 to T /T therapies. Specific examples from the publications are included in this rebuttal. The unbalanced data presentations and factual errors of Escobar-Morreale et al. and Grozinsky-Glasberg et al. may have influ- enced the Committee's conclusions. Nonetheless, the Committee's document contains false statements and unbalanced presentations of data independent from those in the other authors' publications. Specific exam- ples are included in this rebuttal. The Committee, the BTA, Escobar-Morreale et al., and Grozinsky-Glasberg et al. are all called upon to correct their false statements of fact as well as their unbalanced presentations of data relevant to their conclusions.
DEMOGRAPHY AND PATHOLOGY OF THE MEDIEVAL POPULATION FROM STENJEVEC

Human skeletal remains from 84 individuals from the medieval (10th-12th century) Stenjevec cemetery in continental Croatia are described. Paleodemographic analysis shows high subadult mortality despite clear underrepresentation in the youngest age category, and peak adult mortality rates between the ages of 21-35 years for females, and 31-45 years for males. Subadult stress, as evidenced by the presence of linear enamel hypoplasia and cribra orbitalia is high in the series. Enamel hypolasia is present in 88.0% of analyzed subadult teeth, and in 51.7% of analyzed adult teeth. Cribra orbitalia is recorded in 70.0% of subadult, and 30.8% of adult crania. Skeletal evidence of infectious disease is also common in the series, as is evidence for trauma. Sex differences in frequencies of carious lesions, osteoarthritis, and Schmorl’s lesions suggest differential male/female dietary practices or differences in resource access, and differential activity patterns. Comparison with late antique and early medieval skeletal series from continental Croatia show differences in frequencies of cribra orbitalia, infectious disease and trauma that indicate higher stress in the developed medieval period. Multivariate craniometric analyses ([laus, 2000) show that this coincides with a northward expansion of early medieval Croat populations from the eastern coast of the Adriatic into modern Bosnia and Herzegovina and continental Croatia. Data collected from the Stenjevec series suggests that this expansion led to a deterioration of living conditions during the developed medieval period. Continued research of skeletal series from continental Croatia is necessary to see if data from these collections confirm this correlation.
Repetitive behaviors in autism are linked to imbalance of corticostriatal connectivity: a functional connectivity MRI study

Abstract The neural underpinnings of repetitive behaviors (RBs) in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), ranging from cognitive to motor characteristics, remain unknown. We assessed RB symptomatology in 50 ASD and 52 typically developing (TD) children and adolescents (ages 8–17 years), examining intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of corticostriatal circuitry, which is important for reward-based learning and integration of emotional, cognitive and motor processing, and considered impaired in ASDs. Connectivity analyses were performed for three functionally distinct striatal seeds (limbic, frontoparietal and motor). Functional connectivity with cortical regions of interest was assessed for corticostriatal circuit connectivity indices and ratios, testing the balance of connectivity between circuits. Results showed corticostriatal overconnectivity of limbic and frontoparietal seeds, but underconnectivity of motor seeds. Correlations with RBs were found for connectivity between the striatal motor seeds and cortical motor clusters from the whole-brain analysis, and for frontoparietal/limbic and motor/limbic connectivity ratios. Division of ASD participants into high (n = 17) and low RB subgroups (n = 19) showed reduced frontoparietal/limbic and motor/limbic circuit ratios for high RB compared to low RB and TD groups in the right hemisphere. Results suggest an association between RBs and an imbalance of corticostriatal iFC in ASD, being increased for limbic, but reduced for frontoparietal and motor circuits.
Approaches to Learning of Undergraduate Mathematicians

The approaches to learning (ATLs) adopted by undergraduate students have been heavily researched, particularly since Marton and Saljo (1984) first wrote of a deep/surface approach dichotomy. Using this terminology, a study was conducted which aimed to research the ATLs of first-year undergraduate mathematicians, specifically relating to what these are and the ways in which the students themselves perceived them to have evolved over time. The results revealed that an overwhelming majority of undergraduate mathematicians at Oxford University adopt strategic ATLs, which they claimed were due to the nature of university study. It was established that it was in fact the nature of their specific course that resulted in this approach, as the nature of the new mathematics being studied, assessment demands and question formats in their department were contributing factors. In this article, I shall detail the findings of the quantitative research conducted using the ASSIST (Tait, Entwistle and McCune 1998) questionnaire.