Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep-Wake Cycling on Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography in Term Newborns With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Objective. The objective of this amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) study was to evaluate the influence of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia on sleep-wake cycling (SWC) in term newborns and assess whether characteristics of SWC are of predictive value for neurodevelopmental outcome. Methods. From a consecutive series of newborns born during a 10-year period, the aEEG tracings of 171 term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were assessed for the presence, time of onset, and quality of SWC. SWC patterns were categorized with regard to the background pattern on which they presented, as normal or abnormal SWC. Results. SWC was seen in 95.4% of the surviving newborns and in 8.1% of those who died. The median time intervals from birth to onset of SWC were significantly different in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy grades I, II, and III (7, 33, and 62 hours, respectively). Newborns with seizure discharges developed SWC with a delay of 30.5 hours. Good outcome was associated with earlier onset of SWC and normal SWC pattern. The difference in the median Griffiths' developmental quotients in newborns who started SWC before/after 36 hours was 8.5 points. The good/poor neurodevelopmental outcome was predicted correctly by the onset of SWC before/after 36 hours in 82% of newborns. Conclusions. The presence, time of onset, and quality of SWC reflected the severity of the hypoxic-ischemic insult to which newborns were exposed. The time of onset of SWC has a predictive value for neurodevelopmental outcome.
Absorption kinetics of dietary hydrolysis products in conscious pigs given diets with different amounts of fish protein

1. Concentrations of amino-nitrogen, glucose, reducing sugars and lactic acid in blood obtained from arterial and portal permanent catheters were measured together with the portal hepatic blood flow-rate during a post-prandial period of 8 h in twenty unanaesthetized pigs (initial mean body-weight 52·3 (SEM 0·9) kg) receiving experimental meals (200–1000 g) at 3–4 d intervals from 6–8 to 20 d after surgical implantation of the catheters and electromagnetic flow probe. The semi-synthetic starch-based diets contained variable amounts of fish meal giving crude protein (nitrogen x 6·25; CP) concentrations (g CP/kg) of 80 (seven meals), 120 (twenty-two meals), 160 (six meals) and 240 (nine meals). 2. After the meal the concentration of amino-N increased with increasing levels of protein intake and increased more in the portal than in the arterial blood. There were significant relations between amounts of amino-N appearing in the portal blood at various time-intervals after the meal and the level of protein intake. Values for the ratio, amount absorbed within 8 h: amount ingested (absorption coefficient: 0·633 for a mean intake of 13·4 g N) decreased with increasing level of protein intake. 3. There was a rise in glycaemia after the meal, increasing with the amount of carbohydrate eaten, and this was more marked in the portal than in the arterial blood. There were also significant relations between amounts of glucose absorbed and amounts of starch ingested. However, the appearance of glucose in the portal blood was less marked than that of amino-N since the absorption coefficient within 8 h was lower (0·504 for a mean intake of 291 g reducing sugars). This was most probably due to a larger uptake of glucose by the intestinal cell wall. 4. Amounts of lactic acid appearing in the portal vein during the post-prandial period did not depend on amounts ingested; they ranged from 3 to 1·6 g/h from the 1st to the 8th hour after the meal.
Assessing the Stability of Psychopathic Traits: Adolescent Outcomes in a Six-Year Follow-Up

Abstract Previous research has shown the relevance of psychopathic traits as predictors of severe and persistent antisocial behavior. Given that personality traits refer to developmental constructs, the main purposes of this study were to analyze the stability of psychopathic traits from childhood to adolescence, and to examine differential outcomes derived from distinctive pathways of stability and change. Data was collected in a Spanish sample of 138 children aged 6–11 at the onset of the study (T1), and 12–17 in the subsequent follow-up conducted 6 years later (T2). The stability of psychopathic traits was assessed in terms of differential continuity (rank-order), absolute stability (mean-level) and individual-level change (Reliable Change Index). Results confirmed that psychopathic traits remained moderately to highly stable from childhood to adolescence (p < .001). There were, however, some differences depending on the informant (parents vs. teachers) and the particular assessment method used (rank order vs. mean-level and RCI). A stable high and an increasing developmental pattern of psychopathic traits were related with severe adolescent behavioral and psychosocial problems (ŋ² = .10–.36). These results support the usefulness of youth psychopathic personality as a developmental construct, and highlight its relevance as a predictor of long-lasting maladjustment, with relevant implications in terms of prevention and treatment.
Regulatory proteins of eukaryotic initiation factor 2‐alpha subunit (eIF2α) phosphatase, under ischemic reperfusion and tolerance

Phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), which is one of the substrates of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), occurs rapidly during the first minutes of post‐ischemic reperfusion after an episode of cerebral ischemia. In the present work, two experimental models of transient global ischemia and ischemic tolerance (IT) were used to study PP1 interacting/regulatory proteins following ischemic reperfusion. For that purpose we utilized PP1 purified by microcystin chromatography, as well as 2D DIGE of PP1α and PP1γ immunoprecipitates. The highest levels of phosphorylated eIF2α found after 30 min reperfusion in rats without IT, correlated with increased levels in PP1 immunoprecipitates of the inhibitor DARPP32 as well as GRP78 and HSC70 proteins. After 4 h reperfusion, the levels of these proteins in PP1c complexes had returned to control values, in parallel to a significant decrease in eIF2α phosphorylated levels. IT that promoted a decrease in eIF2α phosphorylated levels after 30 min reperfusion induced the association of GADD34 with PP1c, while prevented that of DARPP32, GRP78, and HSC70. Different levels of HSC70 and DARPP32 associated with PP1α and PP1γ isoforms, whereas GRP78 was only detected in PP1γ immunoprecipitates. Here we suggest that PP1, through different signaling complexes with their interacting proteins, may modulate the eIF2α phosphorylation/dephosphorylation during reperfusion after a transient global ischemia in the rat brain. Of particular interest is the potential role of GADD34/PP1c complexes after tolerance acquisition.
A biomechanical comparison of three surgical approaches in bilateral subaxial cervical facet dislocation.

OBJECT In bilateral cervical facet dislocation, biomechanical stabilities between anterior locking screw/plate fixation after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDFP) and posterior transpedicular screw/rod fixation after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDFTP) have not been compared using the human cadaver, although ACDFP has been performed frequently. In this study the stability of ACDFP, a posterior wiring procedure after ACDFP (ACDFPW), and ACDFTP for treatment of bilateral cervical facet dislocation were compared. METHODS Spines (C3-T1) from 10 human cadavers were tested in the intact state, and then after ACDFP, ACDFPW, and ACDFTP were performed. Intervertebral motion was measured using a video-based motion capture system. The range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) were compared for each loading mode to a maximum of 2 Nm. The ROM for spines treated with ACDFP was below that of the intact spine in all loading modes, with statistical significance in flexion and extension, but NZs were decreased in flexion and extension and slightly increased in bending and axial rotation; none of these showed statistical significance. The ACDFPW produced statistically significant additional stability in axial rotation ROM and in flexion NZ than ACDFP. The ACDFTP provided better stability than ACDFP in bending and axial rotation, and better stability than ACDFPW in bending for both ROM and NZ. There was no significant difference in extension with either ROM or NZ for the three fixation methods. CONCLUSIONS The spines treated with ACDFTP demonstrated the most effective stabilization, followed by those treated with ACDFPW, and then ACDFP. The spines receiving ACDFP also revealed a higher stability than the intact spine in most loading modes; thus ACDFP can also provide a relatively effective stabilization in bilateral cervical facet dislocation, but with the aid of a brace.
InterstratiÞ ed kaolinite-smectite: Nature of the layers and mechanism of smectite kaolinization

Abstract This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the nature and evolution mechanism of interstratified clay minerals. We examined the <2 μm or <0.2 μm size fraction of interstratified kaolinite- smectite (K-S) formed by hydrothermal and hydrogenic alteration of volcanogenic material from a Tortonian clay deposit (Almería, Spain), a weathered Eocene volcanic ash (Yucatan, Mexico), and a weathered Jurassic bentonite (Northamptonshire, England). The methods used were X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of random and oriented preparations, thermogravimetry, chemical analysis, and 29Si MAS nuclear magnetic resonance. The proportions of kaolinite and smectite in K-S (%K) were determined by fitting the XRD patterns of ethylene-glycol-saturated samples with patterns calculated with the NEWMOD computer program. The obtained range of compositions is 0.85%K. A comparison of the results from the various techniques showed non-linear relationships, indicating that the layers in K-S are complex and hybrid in nature. The smectite-to-kaolinite reaction is a solid-state transformation proceeding through formation of kaolinite-like patches within the smectite layers. The process consists of several non-simultaneous stages: (1) removal of parts of the tetrahedral sheet, resulting in formation of kaolinite-like patches; (2) layer collapse to ~7 Å where the kaolinite-like patches are sufficiently large; (3) Al for Mg substitution in the octahedral sheet, simultaneous or slightly delayed with respect to layer collapse, causing a layer-charge decrease and loss of interlayer cations; (4) Si for Al replacement in the tetrahedral sheet and further loss of interlayer cations. Iron remains in the kaolinite or is lost at the latest stages of the process.
Is the reciprocating movement per se able to improve the cyclic fatigue resistance of instruments?

AIM To compare cyclic fatigue resistance of two geometrically similar nickel-titanium instruments, used in conditions similar to clinical use in reciprocating and continuous rotary motion. METHODOLOGY Four groups of eighteen instruments each, Reciproc(®) files sizes ISO 25 and 40 (R25 and R40) and Mtwo(®) files sizes ISO 25 and 40 (M25 and M40), were tested in reciprocating and continuous rotary motion, employing a novel experiment device. An artificial root canal (diameter, 1.4 mm; angle of curvature, 60 °; and curvature radius, 5 mm) was milled into a stainless steel block. To simulate clinical conditions, instead of rotating the file in static position, the set-up was designed to produce a continuous up-and-down pecking motion along the vertical axis of the instrument. Time to fracture (TTF) and push-pull cycles (PPC) were recorded, the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was determined, and fractured instrument surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS Mean time to fracture was 34.44 ± 8.58 min for R25 in reciprocation motion, 35.77 ± 4.82 min for R40 in reciprocation motion, 12.15 ± 1.74 min for M25 in continuous rotary motion and 13.27 ± 2.02 min for M40 in continuous rotary motion, whereas 28.52 ± 3.27 min for R25 in continuous rotary motion, 23.87 ± 1.52 min for R40 in continuous rotary motion, 31.07 ± 1.79 min for M25 in reciprocation motion and 31.08 ± 3.26 min for M40 in reciprocation motion. There was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) for the cyclic fatigue resistance between the reciprocation motion and the continuous rotary motion groups. Reciproc(®) files in reciprocating movement had a significantly higher NCF than Mtwo(®) files, when used in continuous rotation. The highest resistance to failure was shown by Reciproc(®) files in reciprocation movement, followed by Mtwo(®) files in reciprocation and Reciproc(®) files in continuous motion. Mtwo(®) files in continuous rotary movement had the least resistance. SEM analysis of the fracture surface confirmed typical features of cyclic fatigue failure. CONCLUSION Reciprocating movement increased the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi instruments.
Effect of corticosterone on developing hippocampus: Short‐term and long‐term outcomes

Many documents implicate that corticosterone plays a negative role in brain function, especially in learning and memory. However, less evidence confirms its direct actions on hippocampal development. In the work reported here, pro treatment, minimum corticosterone administration in infant mice, and con treatment, corticosterone deprivation by adrenalectomy, were used to examine the effects imposed by corticosterone on the structure and function of developing hippocampus. Our study shows that adrenalectomy induces decrease of plasma corticosterone levels and results in the impairment of learning performance and the degenerative changes not in CA regions of hippocampus but in dentate gyrus. Noteworthily, this damage effect is severer in 5‐week‐old mice than that in 10‐week‐old mice. In addition, the short‐term effect of minimum corticosterone administration may accelerate the development of dentate gyrus of 10‐day‐old mice. Moreover, minimum corticosterone administration during infancy contributed to the learning performance and the structural integrity of hippocampal CA regions in different developing stages, while this phenomenon was not observed in dentate gyrus. In conclusion, corticosterone is necessary for the development of dentate gyrus, especially in relatively young individuals, and administration with minimum corticosterone in infancy has a long‐term positive influence on the hippocampal structure and function in different developing stages. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Baseball players diagnosed with ulnar collateral ligament tears demonstrate decreased balance compared to healthy controls.

STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. OBJECTIVES To compare lower extremity balance and shoulder range of motion in baseball players with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears to a healthy cohort. Background Throwing is a complex motion that requires balance and coordination to effectively transfer energy through the kinetic chain. In theory, poorer balance could negatively affect throwing mechanics and lead to injury. METHODS Thirty baseball players (mean ± SD age, 18.5 ± 1.9 years) with a diagnosis of a UCL tear of their throwing arm were compared to 30 players (age, 19.0 ± 1.1 years) without a UCL tear. All participants were competing at either the high school or collegiate level and reported an average ± SD of 13.5 ± 1.7 years of playing experience. The Y Balance Test composite scores were calculated for the stance and lead lower extremities of all players. Shoulder range of motion was used to calculate glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and side-to-side differences in total rotational motion. Group comparisons were made between participants with and without UCL tears using independent t tests. RESULTS Baseball players with UCL tears scored significantly lower on the Y Balance Test for both the stance (P<.001) and lead (P<.001) lower extremities compared to the noninjured cohort. No between-group differences were noted in glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (P = .453), whereas the mean ± SD side-to-side difference in total rotational motion was -6.0° ± 9.6° for the injured group, compared to -0.4° ± 9.6° for the control group (P = .028). CONCLUSION Participants with a UCL tear demonstrated decreased performance for their stance and lead lower extremities during the Y Balance Test. These data are consistent with a clinical hypothesis of a potential association between impaired balance and UCL tears in high school and collegiate baseball players. The lower total rotational motion of the dominant shoulder in participants with UCL tears needs to be considered in the interpretation of those results.
Innovation decision and firm productivity : An empirical analysis for the services sector

The primary aim of the paper is to explore the relationship between productivity and innovation based on a large firm-level data set for service and manufacturing sector in the period 2010-2011. The novelty of the approach lies in make an analysis from innovation surveys of the Colombian Statistical comparing Knowledge intensity business sector (KIBS) and manufacturing. Innovation activities of firms are modelled as a four stage model (CDM) which allows studying several interrelated questions while controlling for public support for innovations. In the first two stages determinants of being supported by the government and the decision to innovate and consequent innovation investment are separated. In the third stage innovation input (innovation investment) is linked to innovation output, and finally, in the fourth stage it is determined how the productivity of firm is related to its innovation activities. In this final stage we explore the heterogeneous effects across the productivity distribution function using quantile regressions. Our analysis proved that innovation input significantly increases innovation output, but it does not true for services companies. This result may throw a shadow on the efficiency of supported firms and have some implications for competition policy.
Oleic Acid Coated Gelatin Nanoparticles Impregnated Gel for Sustained Delivery of Zaltoprofen: Formulation and Textural Characterization.

PURPOSE In the present study, we have formulated zaltoprofen loaded, surface decorated, biodegradable gelatin nanogel and evaluated its texture characterization. METHODS The method used to prepare gelatin nanoparticles (GNP) was 'two step desolvation' and its surface decoration was performed with oleic acid (OA). The GNP was optimized by DOE software. Nanogels were evaluated for particle size entrapment efficiency, texture properties, SEM, in-vitro, ex-vivo drug release studies, in-vitro characterization, stability and in vivo evaluation of nanogel for anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by carrageenan induced rat paw edema method as an anti-inflammatory experimental model. RESULTS The formulated GNP with particle size and entrapment efficiency of optimized batch was found to be 247.1 nm and 76.21% respectively. The SEM of GNP shows smooth and spherical shape. In-vitro and Ex-vivo drug release shows that there was 69.47% and 78.59% drug released within 48 hrs. It follows Ritger peppas model, which indicates sustained drug release. The good texture properties of nanogel were observed from texture analysis graphs.In vivo studies of our formulation give significant results compared to the marketed nanogel. Stability data revealed stability of nanogel formulation up to 3 months. CONCLUSION The present approach can provide us promising results of the sustained analgesic activity and the stability of drug within the GNP.
Mapping Coaches' Views of Participation in CrossFit to the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change and Sense of Community

Group-based training through CrossFit has recently exploded in popularity. Anecdotally, participants often make lifestyle changes and experience improved fitness. Participation factors were mapped to the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change and “sense of community” constructs. Key informant interviews were conducted with 6 CrossFit gym owners/coaches. Data were thematically coded with NVivo 10. Results revealed key factors that both facilitated and restricted participation in CrossFit. Findings provide implications for future theory application and highlight how to improve initiation and adherence by capitalizing on community building and taking steps to reduce intimidation and cost, facilitate realistic goals, and ensure social support.
Emerging Demographic Change in South India S

Introduction The estimated global population around 2001 was above 6 billion, out of which India accounts for more than 1 billion, second only to China. The world population is currently growing at 1.4 percent per annum as compared to India’s 1.9 percent and China’s 1 percent. According to available forecasts, India will overtake China in terms of population within the next 30 years. India's role in the global demographic growth remains therefore both formidable and decisive. However, the 2001 Indian census data also indicate that India's population, after a long spell of unprecedented growth over the last five decades, is now witnessing a gradual deceleration affecting almost all states. South India was a precursor of this demographic reversal because of the spectacular fall of its birth rates. Fertility transition has indeed been the crux of the matter ever since mortality started its slow decline from the 1920s onwards and the impact of mortality variations on the overall demographic growth has now been seriously reduced. The purpose of the present volume is to document the process of fertility change in South India, with focus on each state and its sub-regional components.
Protein Kinase A Regulates GATA-3-Dependent Activation of IL-5 Gene Expression in Th2 Cells1

Treatment of Th cells with compounds that elevate cAMP levels augments Th2-type lymphokine expression, in particular the synthesis of IL-5. Using primary murine CD4+ T lymphocytes, we show in this study that inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) activity in Th2 effector cells impairs IL-5 synthesis, whereas the expression of PKA catalytic subunit α enhances IL-5 synthesis in Th0 cells. In addition, we observed by coexpression of PKA catalytic subunit and GATA-3 in Th1 cells that the stimulatory effect of PKA is dependent on GATA-3 activity. These data demonstrate that activation of PKA in Th effector cells induces the IL-5 gene expression in a GATA-3-dependent manner.
Significance of Membrane Glycoproteins in Platelet Interaction with Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein

The significance of three platelet membrane glycoproteins, (CD62p, CD63, and CD36) was studied in platelet interaction with native and copper-oxidized plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Native LDL acquired platelet-activating ability only after oxidation. Flow-cytometric studies showed that CD62P and CD63 were rapidly expressed on platelets at a low concentration of oxidized LDL, indicating that they are more sensitive markers than platelet aggregation for detection of platelet activation by oxidized LDL. CD36 was found to be contributing to the binding and activation of platelets with oxidized LDL, but not to the binding of platelets with native LDL. Although the presence of oxidized LDL in plasma is known, its effect on platelet function remains to be studied.
The Bispectral Index during an Anaphylactic Circulatory Arrest

A 47-year-old woman with Cushing's syndrome suffered a severe anaphylactic reaction on induction of anaesthesia, resulting in circulatory arrest. A spontaneous cardiac output appeared after 25 minutes of chest compression and she regained consciousness three hours later, with no neurological deficit. A Bispectral Index monitor demonstrated values greater than 40 throughout the whole period of resuscitation. Possible implications for this observation are discussed.