Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CASH HOLDINGS OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA

Purpose: The study examined the effect of corporate governance on cash holding by using observation from 2012 to 2015 from five Nigerian quoted Manufacturing Companies. To achieve this goal the following factors on cash holdings were examined: Board’s compensation, female board members, board’s size, board’s ownership, board’s educational level and board’s age.Methodology: The secondary data used were taken from companies websites, annual reports and financial statements. Multiple regression model based on panel data analysis was applied to assess the aforementioned relationship and their significance were determined.Results: The achieved findings indicated that presence of female board members, boards educational level, board compensation and board’s age (working experience) have positive influence on cash holding Board’s size and board’s ownership have negative influence on cash holding. The study further identified board’s ownership as a determinant of cash holding in Nigerian manufacturing companies. Hence, the higher the interest of directors in acquisition of shares of a company, the more the cash holding of that company.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends a yearly review of the dividend policy of the manufacturing companies to improve the dividend payout as an encouragement to shareholders.
Dental stem cells Characterization and Bone Regenerative Potential in oral Medicine

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Rodrigues R, Viana B, Vieira I, Tavares J, Lobo R, et al. (2015) Dental Stem Cells Characterization and Bone Regenerative Potential in Oral Medicine. Int J Stem Cell Res Ther 2:009 Received: April 30, 2015: Accepted: May 31, 2015: Published: June 02, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Rodrigues R. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Rodrigues et al. Int J Stem Cell Res Ther 2015, 2:1
Cyanobacterial communities on Qiyi glacier, Qilian Shan, China

Abstract Cyanobacterial communities on a glacier in the Qilian Shan, western China, were investigated using microscopic as well as 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer gene analyses. Microscopy revealed that there were abundant cyanobacteria on the entire glacier surface and their community consisted mainly of three morphological types. Low-cycle 16S rRNA gene sequences from six clone libraries were grouped into a total of eight cyanobacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), defined as 16S rRNA sequences with similarity of 99%. Although the cyanobacterial community based on morphological types displayed no significant differences among the study sites on the glacier, the community based on OTU groups varied among sites. This inconsistency may be due to simple morphology which might hide a large genetic variability. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the OTU groups included the orders Oscillatoriales, Chroococcales and unclassified, and the majority of OTUs were Oscillatoriales. From the source environments of the cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences of each OTU on the glacier estimated by BLAST search (>97% similarity), 39.9% were from soil, 38.2% from fresh water and 1.7% from snow and ice environments. Based on geographical records in the database, all cyanobacterial OTUs were matched to those recorded from the Arctic and Antarctica. The results suggest that the cyanobacterial communities on the glacier are common in cold regions of the world and are likely not to be specialized members of the snow and ice biota but also inhabitants of soil and freshwater environments.
PERMUTATIONS, MATRICES, AND GENERALIZED YOUNG TABLEAUX

A generalized Young tableau of "shape" (pu p2, — ,Pm), where pi ^ p2 ^ i> pm ^ 1, is an array Y of positive integers yij, for 1 S j ^ Pi, 1 S i ^ m, having monotonically nondecreasing rows and strictly increasing columns. By extending a construction due to Robinson and Schensted, it is possible to obtain a one-to-one correspondence between m X n matrices A of nonnegative integers and ordered pairs (P, Q) of generalized Young tableaux, where P and Q have the same shape, the integer i occurs exactly an + + ain times in Q, and the integer j occurs exactly au -f + amj times in P. A similar correspondence can be given for the case that A is a matrix of zeros and ones, and the shape of Q is the transpose of the shape of P.
Transient growth on boundary layer streaks

The linear perturbations evolving on streamwise boundary layer streaks which yield maximum energy growth are computed. The steady and spanwise-periodic streaks arising from the nonlinear saturation of optimally growing streamwise vortices are considered as base flow. It is shown that significant transient growth may occur for both sinuous antisymmetric perturbations and for varicose symmetric modes. The energy growth is observed at amplitudes significantly below the threshold beyond which the streaks become linearly unstable and is largest for sinuous perturbations, to which the base flow considered first become unstable. The optimal initial condition consists of velocity perturbations localized in the regions of highest shear of the streak base flow, tilted upstream from the wall. The optimal response is still localized in the areas of largest shear but it is tilted in the flow direction. The most amplified perturbations closely resemble the unstable eigenfunctions obtained for streaks of higher amplitudes. The results suggest the possibility of a transition scenario characterized by the non-modal growth of primary perturbations, the streaks, followed by the secondary transient growth of higher frequency perturbations. The implication for turbulent flow is also discussed.
Outsourcing in the International Mutual Fund Industry: An Equilibrium View

type="main"> We study outsourcing relationships among international asset management firms. We find that, in companies that manage both outsourced and in-house funds, in-house funds outperform outsourced funds by 0.85% annually (57% of the expense ratio). We attribute this result to preferential treatment of in-house funds via the preferential allocation of IPOs, trading opportunities, and cross-trades, especially at times when in-house funds face steep outflows and require liquidity. We explain preferential treatment with agency problems: it increases with the subcontractor's market power and the difficulty of monitoring the subcontractor, and decreases with the subcontractor's amount of parallel in-house activity.
REACTIONS TO DEPICTIONS OF INTERGROUP SIMILARITY AND DISTINCTIVENESS AMONG LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES

ABSTRACT REACTIONS TO DEPICTIONS OF INTERGROUP SIMILARITY AND DISTINCTIVENESS AMONG LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES Jason R. Popan, M.S. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2008 Supervising Professor: Jared B. Kenworthy Reactions to an intergroup distinctiveness manipulation and a potential mechanism of intergroup boundary maintenance between liberals and conservatives were investigated. In Study 1, self-identified liberals and conservatives ( N = 121) read an ostensible newspaper article depicting either high or low levels of distinctiveness between their groups on political issues and responded to items assessing the consistency of the encountered article with held views and attitudes towards the article’s content. Participants’ level of identification with their political orientation category moderated the relationship between distinctiveness and reported consistency. Study 2 ( N = 152) tested whether threatened intergroup distinctiveness by way of the distinctiveness manipulation would lead to selective exposure to more extreme outgroup sources. No support for this mechanism of boundary reassertion was found. However, strength of preference for the chosen clip and a measure of openness to experience were each positively related to the odds of selecting an extreme versus a moderate outgroup source to view.
Clinical presentation and management of parapharyngeal space tumours

Methods: Tumors originating in the parapharyngeal space are uncommon. During the period of January 1999 to December 2008. Among them 34 patients underwent surgery for parapharyngeal space tumors at the Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Results: Ninety one percent of the parapharyngeal space neoplasms were benign; 9% were malignant. Majority of the benign tumors were salivary gland origin followed by neurogenic tumors. The use of FNAC, computed tomography scan and ultrasound imaging are very useful to assess the location, size, vascularity, tissue origin and relation of parapharyngeal space tumors to surrounding anatomical structures. Conclusion: This information was essential in planning surgical approaches and predicting the prognosis. Details of the management, morbidity, and outcome of these patients were presented. Key words : Tumor; Parapharyngeal space. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1. 7626 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 36-41
Gulf Stream Separation in Numerical Ocean Models

This chapter summarizes our present knowledge of Gulf Stream separation in numerical ocean models. High horizontal resolution ocean numerical models are now capable of simulating quite realistically the separation and path of the Gulf Stream, and significant advances have been made in the last decade in our understanding of western boundary current separation. However, the Gulf Stream separation in numerical models continues to be a challenge because it remains very sensitive to the choices made for subgrid scale parameterizations.
Properties of sunspot moats derived from horizontal motions

Context: Sunspots in late phases of evolution are usually surrounded by annular moats, regions where systematic horizontal flows are observed to be directed radially away from the spot. These flows are considered to be a manifestation of the sub-photospheric convection. Aims: The characteristics of moats are derived at two different heights in the solar atmosphere from horizontal motions around sunspots of different sizes, shapes, and phases of evolution. We also study the temporal evolution of moats. Methods: Local correlation tracking is applied to approximately 70-min long time series of white-light and 1600 A images, acquired by the satellite TRACE, to analyse the horizontal motions of photospheric granules and C IV emission structures in the vicinity of 32 sunspots. Moat regions are defined by means of radially-oriented, outward velocities. Results: Relations between sunspot types and the occurrence, areas, and horizontal velocities of moats in the photosphere and transition region are described. Moats do not show substantial changes during the period of about 12 h. Observed asymmetries in moat shapes and velocities are related to the height in the atmosphere, to sunspot age, and to proper motion. It is suggested that the sub-photospheric convective flows around sunspots may be influenced by the spots' proper motion through the convection zone.
Mismatch between Office Furniture and Anthropometric Measures in Ghanaian Institutions

Workers spend about six to eight hours per day sitting down while doing their institution work.Mismatch between anthropometric dimensions and consumer products may cause health problems in human body.This study aimed to investigate whether institutions furniture dimensions match with Ghanaian worker's anthropometric characteristics in the Kumasi district of the Ashanti region in Ghana. A sample of 261 workers ( 163 males & 98 females ) ageing between 24 to59 years were selected and analyzed on the basis of their anthropometry, it was found that the five different models of furniture used were made without any anthropometric considerations and were found to be incompatible with the user population. It is possible that the high mismatch percentage found between furniture and workers' anthropometry can be associated to the fact that the acquisition and selection of the furniture was made without any ergonomic concern or criteria.
LIQUIDITY RISK AND PROFITABILITY: AN ASSESSMENT OF NIGERIAN BANKS SOKEFUN,

The paper examines liquidity risk and profitability from the Nigerian banking sector perspective. Primary data were collected from a sample of 518 distributed among staff of banks, with a response rate of 76%. In addition to this, published financial statements of banks from 2006-2010 were used. Finding shows that there is a significant relationship between liquidity risk and profitability of both domestic and foreign banks in Nigeria. It was recommended thatthere is need to improve transparency of the financial system, which in turn would assist financial institutions to evaluate liquidity risk more effectively and to avoid problems associated with hazardous exposure.
The oxygen abundance gradients in the gas discs of galaxies in the EAGLE simulation

We use the EAGLE simulations to study the oxygen abundance gradients of gas discs in galaxies within the stellar mass range [109.5, 1010.8] ∼M at z = 0. The estimated median oxygen gradient is −0.011 ± 0.002 dex kpc−1, which is shallower than observed. No clear trend between simulated disc oxygen gradient and galaxy stellar mass is found when all galaxies are considered. However, the oxygen gradient shows a clear correlation with gas disc size so that shallower abundance slopes are found for increasing gas disc sizes. Positive oxygen gradients are detected for ≈40 per cent of the analysed gas discs, with a slight higher frequency in low-mass galaxies. Galaxies that have quiet merger histories show a positive correlation between oxygen gradient and stellar mass, so that more massive galaxies tend to have shallowermetallicity gradients. At high stellarmass, there is a larger fraction of rotationaldominated galaxies in low-density regions. At low stellar mass, non-merger galaxies show a large variety of oxygen gradients and morphologies. The normalization of the disc oxygen gradients in non-merger galaxies by the effective radius removes the trend with stellar mass. Conversely, galaxies that experienced mergers show a weak relation between oxygen gradient and stellar mass. Additionally, the analysed EAGLE discs show no clear dependence of the oxygen gradients on local environment, in agreement with current observational findings.
Does the Use of Case-based Learning Impact the Retention of Key Concepts in Undergraduate Biochemistry?

Objective: Enhanced knowledge retention and a preference towards a deep learning approach are desirable pedagogical outcomes of case-based learning (CBL). The CBL literature is sparse with respect to these outcomes, and this is especially so in the area of biochemistry. The present study determined the effect of CBL vs. non CBL on knowledge retention in an undergraduate biochemistry course; it also investigated associations of learning approach, age and gender. Methods: We used the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire, a retention test, final exam grades and other demographic information to statistically compare academic outcomes of students subjected to either CBL or non-CBL active learning techniques. Results: We showed that students exposed to CBL in a second year course performed significantly better on a retention test conducted nine months after the final exam, and that there was a positive correlation between a deep learning approach and higher retention scores. We did not find an association between gender and age with the retention of biochemistry concepts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that use of CBL in undergraduate biochemistry education may confer benefits in terms of retention of knowledge of key concepts.
In situ U-Pb Dating Combined with SEM Imaging on Zircon — An Analytical Bond for Effective Geological Recontructions

relative to an active tectonic margin setting; (3) rifting and opening of Ordovician-Silurian basins signed by consistent cluster ages around 450 Ma corresponding to acidic and intermediate volcanic activity (porphyroids and meta-andesites in Peloritani Mountains); 4) Variscan granulite facies metamorphism and pervasive partial melting in deep crustal rocks of the Sila Unit; 5) precursor signals of the Tethys evolution showed by post Permian zircon domains.
Microinjection of SV40 DNA (11p15) in Human Milk Epithelial Cells Immortalized by Loss of Heterozygosity for the Short Arm of Chromosome 11

We have developed, by microinjection of SV40 DNA into human milk epithelial cells, a new mammary cell line, Hu-MI, which exhibits the phenotype of luminal cells or so-called "breast cancer precursor cells. " This cell line retains the phenotype of primary cells as demonstrated by the expression of keratins 18 and 19 and of polymorphic epithelial mucins. However, the cells do not grow in agar after more than 80 passages, nor do they form tumors in nude mice. Established cells contain 2 copies of SV40 DNA integrated into the cellular genome and up to 14 copies of free SV40 DNA. A deletion of the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p15) including the c-Ha-ras and the beta-globin genes was found in the immortalized cells when the DNA from these cells was compared to the DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the same donor. In addition, this cell line showed a good transfection efficiency for other DNA sequences using classical transfection and selection techniques with a neomycin resistance gene (pKOneo). Selective microinjection of DNA into tumor precursor cells may prove useful for the study of the molecular [. ] GARCIA, Irène, et al. Loss of heterozygosity for the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p15) in human milk epithelial cells immortalized by microinjection of SV40 DNA. Cancer Research, 1991, vol. 51, no. 1, p. 294-300
Analysis of apical deviation by type of system used to drive NRT® MANI rotary instruments

Purpose: One of the major challenges encountered in treatment of curved canals is maintaining their original features. This study aimed to examine whether the type of system used with NRT® rotary instruments might infl uence the occurrence of deviation in the apical region. Methods: Twenty simulated curved canals were divided into two experimental groups. In Group 1, canal preparation was performed with the pneumatic hand piece, using constant speed, but without torque control. In Group 2, an electric motor with constant speed and torque control was used. The simulated blocks were photographed before and after preparation using a platform to maintain the same position in both photographs. Images were manipulated in Adobe Photoshop® to evaluate deviation at 1 mm and 3 mm from the working length (WL). The t test was used for statistical analysis of data. The signifi cance level was set at 1%. Results and Conclusion: Group 2 (electric motor) had lower values for deviation at both locations analyzed (1 mm and 3 mm from the WL). In both groups, sites 3 mm from the WL had lower mean deviation than sites 1 mm from WL.
Dry land integrated farming system - A Review

In India, nearly 100 million ha of land is under rainfed cultivation and therefore, rainfed agriculture will continue to play an important role in the Indian economy. The disappointing results of conventional cropping systems in advancing the productivity of small farms were the driving force in the development of farming systems research. It views the whole farm as a system with the integration of crops, animals, soils, workers, other inputs and environmental influences wherein the farm family attempts to produce outputs within the limitations of its capability and resources and the socio-cultural setting. Development and adoption of integrated farming system will help in productivity enhancement, employment, income generation and nutritional security both for human and livestock. The different components of the system have complementarities with waste products of one component becoming source of food and energy for other components. Considerable research efforts are being made in evolving situation specific integrated farming system. Literature on dry land integrated farming system is reviewed and presented below.
Plant wax alkanes and alcohols as herbivore diet composition markers

Abstract The n-alkanes in plant cuticular wax have been used as markers for estimating the species composition of herbivore diets, but the long-chain fatty alcohols (LCOH) of plant wax may also be useful. The objective of this research was to assess if LCOH contributed extra information to differentiate plant species, compared with n-alkanes only. We used 3 data sets consisting of n-alkane and LCOH concentrations of plant species occurring in pastures of New South Wales, Australia. We used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to summarise the data for n-alkane and LCOH concentrations obtained for the species in these data sets. The first 3 principal components explained 86 to 93% and 75 to 99% of the variance in n-alkane and LCOH concentrations, respectively. Orthogonal Procrustes Rotation (OPR) was then used to compare the results of PCA conducted with n-alkane and LCOH data, with a view to establishing whether LCOH provided discriminatory information in addition to that provided by the n-alkanes. Results of OPR indicated that this was so for all 3 data sets, and suggested that the LCOH would be useful additional markers for discriminating between plant species. We tested this by using Discriminant Analysis and cross-validation procedures in 2 data sets to distinguish between defined species groups of C3 grasses, C4 grasses, clovers and Lotus spp. The discrimination between these categories and the proportion of plant species correctly classified into the defined categories was better when using n-alkanes and LCOH together, compared with alkanes alone. Our results indicate that LCOH provided additional information that could be used for distinguishing plant species as part of estimating the species composition of herbivore diets.
Relational value creation and appropriation in buyer-supplier relationships

Purpose – Interfirm relationships create value, but buyers and suppliers can appropriate this value in different amounts. Using the relational-view of strategy, the purpose of this paper is to explain value creation and determine the portion of that value appropriated by each organization. Design/methodology/approach – The data source was a survey with 166 respondents covering two industries. The authors used confirmatory factor analysis to validate construct measurement and structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. A parallel qualitative investigation composed of 31 interviews assisted in interpreting the findings. Findings – Based on the relational view of strategy, the authors found support for only two of the four hypotheses that sought to explain value creation. This result calls into question the applicability of this theory to contexts other than the automotive industry, in which it was developed. Only a joint construct combining Relational Governance and Resource Complementarity had a s.