Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Burden of Cluster Headache

The aim was to analyse the socioeconomic burden of cluster headache in patients from a tertiary headache centre. One hundred consecutive patients from the Danish Headache Centre were invited to an interview about the socioeconomic impact of cluster headache. Work absence and use of medical services were compared with a Danish population-based survey. Eighty-five patients participated; 78% reported restrictions in daily living and 13% also outside of cluster periods; 25% reported a major decrease in their ability to participate in social activities, family life and housework. The disease caused lifestyle changes for 96%, most frequently in sleeping habits and avoidance of alcohol. The absence rate among patients was 30%, which was significantly higher than 12% among the general population (P < 0.001). Use of health services due to headache was also higher among the patients (P < 0.001). Cluster headache, although periodic in most cases, has considerable impact on social functions, quality of life and use of healthcare.
Virtual histology intravascular ultrasound in assessment of intermediate coronary lesions for guidance of interventional therapy

To assess role of virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) in characterizing plaque composition and guiding interventional therapy for patients with intermediate coronary lesions (ICL). Enrolled patients (n = 86) with quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) confirmed ICL were classified into acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group and stable angina (SA) group. Coronary lesions were subjected to IVUS and VH-IVUS to identify patients for interventional therapy. Incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was analyzed with 6 month followup. Main plaque compositions of ACS group were necrotic core (NC) and fibro-fatty tissue (FF), and SA group were dense calcium (DC) and fibrotic (FI) on VH-IVUS (all P < 0.01). LDL levels were positively correlated with FF area (P = 0.028); HDL level was negatively correlated with FF area and NC area (P = 0.040 and P = 0.020, respectively). At the minimum lumen area (MLA), gray-scale IVUS showed higher performance in diagnosing lesions with DSR of 60%-70% and > 70% than QCA (both P < 0.05). Significant differences were found in the PA, PB, VAD, LAD, DSR, EI and RI (all P < 0.05), while no significant difference in occurrence of total MACEs were found between intervention group and non-intervention group (P > 0.05). Gray-scale IVUS is useful to define ICL extent and nature for interventional therapy guidance; IVUS-VH showed improved diagnosis of vulnerable plaque, and particularly in characterizing plaque necrosis for interventional therapy guidance for patients with significantly increased necrotic component by combining with clinical lipid levels.
Effect of natural extract on oxidative stress and antioxidant status of free-range chickens.

The aim of this trial was to study the effect of a natural extract, PLMA, on the oxidative stress and the antioxidant status of free-range chickens. The experiment was carried out in 3 farms of 8800 free-range chickens each, which were equally divided into control and experimental groups (4400 free-range chicken in each group). The plant extract product, was distributed through the drinking water for each experimental group of free-range chickens, 4 times after birth: day 1 to 5 (treatment I), day 13 to 18 (treatment II), day 35 to 40 (treatment III), and day 65 to 70 (treatment IV). PLMA concentrations for each period were : 1.1 ml/l drinking water (treatment I), 2.2 ml/l drinking water (treatment II), 3.2 ml/l drinking water (treatment III) and 4.7 ml/l drinking water (treatment IV). The control group was given drinking water without the plant extract product. 20 blood samples were taken from each set at 1, 43 and 74 days of age. Oxidative stress (TBARS) and serum antioxidant status (SAO) of animals were determined at these ages for the 3 or 1 farm respectively. At 1 day, there was no statistically significant difference observed in oxidative stress (7.27 vs 6.91 μM/l) between the experimental and the control groups of animals (P>0.05). Oxidative stress increased from 1 to 43 days in the control group of animals. However, for the experimental group, at 43 days after 3 treatment periods with PLMA, the oxidative stress was found significantly lower compared to the control group (7.14 vs 9.43 μM/l, P<0.001). Although the serum antioxidant status of animals between the experimental and the control groups of one farm was found insignificantly different at 1 day (0.78 vs 0.84 mM/l, P<0.05), it was found to be significantly improved with PLMA at 43 days (1.47 vs 0.89 mM/l, P<0.05). This could be an explanation to weight improvement (+ 64 g), and better FCR (2.1%) as it was observed on the experimental group compared to the control group at the end of the growing-fattening period. Moreover, the stress decrease observed on experimental group animals can also improve the meat quality at slaughter moment.
Analysis of family history of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis in Japan

Palmoplantar hyperhidrosis (PPH) is a disorder characterized by excessive sweating of the palmar surfaces of the hands and feet due to emotional sweating. There have been reports based on family histories, and the involvement of genetic factors has been suggested. Among 410 PPH patients who visited our hospital from August 2006 to October 2008, onset age and family history were investigated in order to prepare pedigree charts, and family histories were confirmed in 147 patients (36%). Between the family history and negative family history (sporadic) groups, no significant differences were seen in onset age, sex or sweat volume. With regard to the patterns of incidence within families, parent–child was the most common at 58%, followed by sibling cases at 18%. The incidence of PPH in three generations was 13%. Pedigree charts prepared based on data obtained by patient interviews suggested autosomal dominant inheritance.
Where do Research Ideas Come from ?

Finding a valuable and researchable topic can be one of the biggest challenges in research. The literature on applied linguistics research gives some potential sources of research ideas, such as suggestions for further research in published articles and problems in teaching, but these suggestions are given with no evidence that they are the actual sources of successful research studies. This paper attempts to provide such evidence by presenting the findings of a survey of well-known applied linguistics researchers aiming to elicit the sources of their research ideas, together with a summary of my own experiences. Sources of research ideas identified include follow-up and expansion studies on previous research, data-first studies where student work shows interesting features worth investigating, and application of theories or methodologies from other fields into applied linguistics. In addition, the presentation involves the audience in an investigation inspired by one of the sources of research ideas application of a methodology from another field into how research findings influence beliefs.
Image Analysis Algorithms for Immunohistochemical Assessment of Cell Death Events and Fibrosis in Tissue Sections

Cell death is of broad physiological and pathological importance, making quantification of biochemical events associated with cell demise a high priority for experimental pathology. Fibrosis is a common consequence of tissue injury involving necrotic cell death. Using tissue specimens from experimental mouse models of traumatic brain injury, cardiac fibrosis, and cancer, as well as human tumor specimens assembled in tissue microarray (TMA) format, we undertook computer-assisted quantification of specific immunohistochemical and histological parameters that characterize processes associated with cell death. In this study, we demonstrated the utility of image analysis algorithms for color deconvolution, colocalization, and nuclear morphometry to characterize cell death events in tissue specimens: (a) subjected to immunostaining for detecting cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, cleaved lamin-A, phosphorylated histone H2AX, and Bcl-2; (b) analyzed by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay to detect DNA fragmentation; and (c) evaluated with Masson's trichrome staining. We developed novel algorithm-based scoring methods and validated them using TMAs as a high-throughput format. The proposed computer-assisted scoring methods for digital images by brightfield microscopy permit linear quantification of immunohistochemical and histochemical stainings. Examples are provided of digital image analysis performed in automated or semiautomated fashion for successful quantification of molecular events associated with cell death in tissue sections. (J Histochem Cytochem 57:649–663, 2009)
Knowledge Graph Completion with Adaptive Sparse Transfer Matrix

We model knowledge graphs for their completion by encoding each entity and relation into a numerical space. All previous work including Trans(E, H, R, and D) ignore the heterogeneity (some relations link many entity pairs and others do not) and the imbalance (the number of head entities and that of tail entities in a relation could be different) of knowledge graphs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach TranSparse to deal with the two issues. In TranSparse, transfer matrices are replaced by adaptive sparse matrices, whose sparse degrees are determined by the number of entities (or entity pairs) linked by relations. In experiments, we design structured and unstructured sparse patterns for transfer matrices and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. We evaluate our approach on triplet classification and link prediction tasks. Experimental results show that TranSparse outperforms Trans(E, H, R, and D) significantly, and achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Sensorineural hearing loss in sickle cell anaemia – a United Kingdom study

Abstract Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been a well-documented complication of sickle cell disease in the literature from West Africa, West Indies, United States of America and the Middle East. We present a study of 52 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease and 36 control patients with haemoglobin genotype AA, matched for age and sex. Seven patients with sickle cell disease (13.5 per cent) were found to have sensorineural hearing loss i.e.>20 dB at two or more frequencies, while all the patients in the control group had normal hearing (p<0.05). Our study shows the incidence of SNHL in the UK to be similar to that reported in the US A and much lower than that found in malaria endemic areas of the tropics. We highlight the factors which we consider responsible for these differences and suggest that the crucial period in the development of SNHL in sickle cell disease may be intra-uterine or during the first few years of life. All sickle cell patients should be encouraged to have regular hearing assessment.
Auditory, visual, and auditory-visual spoken emotion recognition in young and old adults

The study examined the recognition of emotional speech as a function of the clarity of expression, the modality of presentation, and participants’ age (Mage = 19.8 vs. 73.9). Based on the results of a previous study, expression clarity was varied by selecting AuditoryVisual (AV) recordings of one actor who had well recognised expressions of anger, happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust, and neutral and one actor who did not. The young (n = 24) and older (n = 19) participants were presented these stimuli in Auditory-Only (AO), Visual-Only (VO), or AV format and made a forcedchoice judgement on each. Older adults performed worse than younger ones for all presentation modalities except clear VO expressions. Importantly, whereas younger adults showed an AV benefit (AV > VO), older adults did not (showing a presentation mode by clarity interaction). The importance of varying signal clarity when investigating age effects was discussed.
Partial restoration of hair growth in the DEBR model for alopecia areata after in vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells

Alopecia areata (AA) is widely believed to be an autoimmune disease. Hair loss is associated with a peri‐ and intrafollicular inflammatory infiltrate of anagen hair follicles primarily composed of CD4 + and CD8 + cells. A previous investigation involved in vivo depletion of CD8 + cells in the DEBR rat model to examine the cells' potential pathogenic activity in AA. The rat model is used here in a comparable study of CD4 + cell pathogenic activity. Eight AA affected DEBR rats were given intraperitoneal injections of a CD4 + cell depleting OX‐35/OX‐38 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) cocktail over a 15‐day therapy course. A further eight AA‐affected rats comprised a control group and were injected with equivalent volumes of an irrelevant MoAb, OX‐21. Changes in both CD4 + and CD8 + peripheral blood cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry, and macrophotography was used to record any changes in hair growth. Of the eight CD4 + cell‐depleted rats six responded with hair growth. The rats revealed significant hair growth within 23 days of treatment initiation. With rapid replacement of the CD4 + cell population the newly generated pelage hair was eventually lost. Two control rats also showed limited hair growth within the 112‐day study period. In vivo depletion of CD4 + cells partially restores hair growth in AA affected rats. The response suggests that CD4 + cells may be actively involved in the pathogenesis of AA. Further research may elucidate whether CD4 + cells have a direct effect on hair follicles or exert their influence through their classic T helper cell supporting role for CD8 + cells.
Computed Tomography of Experimental Liver Metastases Using an Iodinated Hepatocyte-Specific Lipid Emulsion: A Correlative Study in the Nude Rat

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES.A hepatocyte-specific iodinated lipid emulsion, NRI 757, was used for detection of experimental hepatic metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS.The study was performed in a correlative model of multiple hepatic metastases from a human colonic cancer implanted in the nude rat. RESULTS.After intravenous injection, normal liver parenchyma remained enhanced for several hours, whereas the uptake in hepatic metastases was negligible. A liver-to-lesion contrast of 45 Hounsfield units(HU) was obtained at a dose of 1 mL NRI 757/kg body weight(BW). In a lesion-by-lesion analysis of 177 metastases ranging in size from 1 to 32 mm, the mean ± standard deviation overall detection rate for native scanning and contrast-enhanced scanning in vivo and post mortem, 20 ± 0.4%, 53 ± 5.2%, and 55 ± 4.0%, respectively and 28%, 84%, and 82%, retrospectively. When metastatic size also was considered, for native scanning the maximum detection rate of 61% was reached for 8- to 10-mm lesions, whereas for contrast-enhanced computed tomography scanning, 100% of the 5- to 7-mm lesions and 42% of the 1- to 2-mm nodules were detected. CONCLUSION.The use of NRI 757 improved the diagnostic yield considerably.
Impact of stability on the atmospheric boundary layer

We present an investigation of the impact of stability in a coastal environment's wind resource estimate. The site, near Cape Hatteras, is interesting because of its proximity to an open sound condition to the north and west, as well as its oceanic boundary to the south and east. Early exploration of wind profiles collected during 2012-2014 from the surface to 200 m with a Scintec XFAS SODAR wind profiler revealed distinct characteristics unique to winds coming from the sound, as compared to those coming from the ocean. “Steady-state” cases were defined in order to examine time periods where the winds might be more readily compared with simple theory. While wind profile cases from the sound exhibited low level shear that reached a constant wind speed within instrument height, the oceanic profiles were characterized by shears higher in both magnitude and elevation that had not yet reached their maximum at 200 m. Although this feature of the oceanic profiles is typical of a stably stratified wind regime, further study of the environmental conditions affecting each case was necessary to determine the specific impact of the stability on the profiles. An aggregation of ancillary data was collected, including surface sea and air temperature, surface humidity, and vertically-distributed air temperature and humidity from surrounding airports, meteorological stations and ocean buoys. The COARE algorithm was utilized to calculate a Monin-Obukhov Similarity (MOS) scaling parameter, L, a stability parameter appended to a neutral logarithmic layer. An internal boundary layer algorithm is used to determine the height over which the MOS theory should reproduce the structure of the wind profiles. The nested boundary layers identified include those created by changes in roughness as well as those induced by thermal effects of the sea and land surface. Upwind topography and local aerodynamic roughness length values are used to assess the impact of roughness on the measured wind profiles, and the height to which this impact should remain significant. The high shear at low altitude observed in the sound cases is mostly explained by this process. After controlling for roughness induced shear, thermal effects will be integrated. The level of stability or instability gleaned from the sign and magnitude of L will be used to assess the differences in wind profile structure across the sound and ocean cases identified, and the seasonal changes associated with both. This work is part of a larger effort to improve upon the wind resource estimate off the Outer Banks of North Carolina. The results will be incorporated into the larger scale study of wind energy in order to adjust for the effects of atmospheric stability in this dynamic region.
Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Gd-EOB-DTPA (Primovist)

Objectives:Gadoxetic acid [gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA); Primovist] is a liver specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. For risk assessment of the single diagnostic use the toxicity of this compound was assessed. Materials and Methods:Studies into acute, repeated-dose, reproductive and developmental toxicity, and local tolerance, contact sensitizing, and genotoxic potential were performed. Results:Lethality was observed after a single intravenous administration at doses 2 orders of magnitude higher than the clinical dose. The no observed adverse effect levels after repeated administration markedly exceeds the single diagnostic dose in humans and no unexpected organ toxicity was observed. No indications of reproductive and developmental toxicity, potential contact allergenic, and genotoxic effects were observed. Gd-EOB-DTPA was well tolerated after intravenous administration. Conclusions:Gd-EOB-DTPA was well tolerated with high safety margins between the single diagnostic dose and the doses showing adverse effects in animal studies.
Time-resolved cardiac cone beam CT using an interventional C-arm system

It is both desirable and challenging to make interventional C-arm systems fit for cardiac cone beam CT. A number of methods towards thisgoal have been proposed, some of which even attempt to generate 4Dimages of the beating heart. A promising candidate of this type, proposed earlier by this author, is based on the (provable) assumptionthat the 3D image of the patient's thorax at an arbitrary heart phase is a spatially deformed version of a 3D reference image at some reference phase. Under this assumption, the proposal goes on, it should be possible to jointly reconstruct reference image and deformationfield using a nonlinear extension of the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique. Meanwhile, the proposed reconstruction algorithm has beenimplemented and tested with simulated and clinical data. The resultsare favorable: Reconstructed 4D images show the heart beating. In the simulated case, where the true 4D image is known, the reconstructed motion compares well with the true motion.
Conflict of interest and cost-effectiveness analysis.

M ORETHAN 30YEARSAGO, BRONOWSKI, WHO SPOKE so poetically about the ethos of science, wrote that “the body of scientists is trained to avoid and organized to resist every form of persuasion but the fact. ” The values of science, he argued, are “inescapable conditions for its practice. " But the practice of science, especially the biomedical sciences, has changed significantly since Bronowski made his observations. Increasingly, academic biomedicine has become commingled with corporate interests. Spurred by the burgeoning commercial opportunities of new discoveries such as those in genetics, the growth in academic-industry collaborations has created uneasiness among some observers who suspect that conditions beyond the pure facts of science can influence its outcome. During the mid-l980s, several medical journals, including JAMA, adopted policies on conflict of interest. According to 1 survey conducted in 1994-1995, nearly 50% of US medical journals with a circulation greater than 1000 had written policies regarding conflicts of interest. Those who support policies on author disclosure of financial interests in scientific publications generally do not assume that such policies will improve the quality of science. They recognize that transparency of interests is not an antidote to bias or misconduct in science but believe it can foster public trust. Others, skeptical of the emphasis given to financial interests as opposed to other potential sources of conflicts of interest, see no justification for requirements that raise suspicions without contributing to the scientific agenda.As noted by Rothman, conflict-of-interest policies are “ethically questionable, because they impugn authors with the implied accusation of wrongdoingwithout evidence andwithout recourse. "Thus, without an empirically established connection between conflict of interest and scientific outcome, many scientists and journal editors who favor financial disclosure are inclined to view it as sound public relations or as a gesture of moral correctness. The journal Nature explained in an editorial that until there is evidence that “undeclared interests led to any
A NuSTAR Observation of the Gamma-Ray Emitting Millisecond Pulsar PSR J1723–2837

We report on the first NuSTAR observation of the gamma-ray emitting millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1723–2837. X-ray radiation up to 79 keV is clearly detected, and the simultaneous NuSTAR and Swift spectrum is well described by an absorbed power law with a photon index of ∼1.3. We also find X-ray modulations in the 3–10, 10–20, 20–79, and 3–79 keV bands at the 14.8 hr binary orbital period. All of these are entirely consistent with previous X-ray observations below 10 keV. This new hard X-ray observation of PSR J1723–2837 provides strong evidence that the X-rays are from the intrabinary shock via an interaction between the pulsar wind and the outflow from the companion star. We discuss how the NuSTAR observation constrains the physical parameters of the intrabinary shock model.