Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human haemoglobins and haemoglobinopathies in Arabia: Hb O Arab in Saudi Arabia.

In the Arabian peninsula, haemoglobinopathies, though very interesting, are still far from being fairly established. With the exception of the eastern province of Saudi Arabia, where several aspects of the sickle-cell disease have been focused upon, few reports have appeared in the literature. However, in 1974 one of us (M.A.F. E.H.) has initiated a comprehensive investigation in collaboration with the Ministry of Health on haemoglobinopathies in various parts of the country. These studies have revealed a new pocket for the sickle-cell gene and a new structural abnormality. In the present report we describe the first finding of Hb O Arab in Saudi Arabia, which may shed more light on the anthropological significance of this haemoglobin variant.
Effects of Low-Impact, Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training with and without Wrist Weights on Functional Capacities and Mood States in Older Adults

This study examined the effects of low-impact, moderate-intensity exercise training with and without wrist weights (0.68 kg·wrist–1) on functional capacities and mood states in older adults (age 68.6 ± 5.6, mean ± SD). Twenty-three senior citizens residing in the community were randomly assigned to wrist weight (WW; n = 12) and no-wrist weight (NW; n = 11) exercise groups while 11 matched subjects served as non-exercise controls (NE). Exercise training was performed for 10 weeks, 3 days/week, for 60 min/session and consisted of low-impact aerobic dance (50–70% of maximal heart rate) combined with exercises to promote muscular fitness, flexibility, and balance. Before and after the intervention, each participant’s aerobic fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, static and dynamic balance, skinfold thickness, and psychological mood states were assessed under standardized testing conditions. Exercise training resulted in significant improvements in peak oxygen uptake, lower extremity muscle strength, and psychological vigor (p < 0.05) but did not affect other fitness components (p > 0.05). There were no differences between the WW and NW exercise groups for any of the same variables studied (p > 0.05). No significant pre- to post-test changes were found for the NE control group (p > 0.05). It is concluded that 10 weeks of low-impact, moderate-intensity exercise training of the type that can be considered well-rounded in nature provides a sufficient stimulus to augment aerobic fitness, beneficially affects leg strength, and increases feelings of vigor in older adults. The present observations indicate that the use of light wrist weights has no beneficial or adverse effects on the measured training outcomes.
The impact of different training data set on the accuracy of sentiment classification of Naïve Bayes technique

This paper attempts to examine the impact of different number of training data set on the accuracy of sentiment classification using Naïve Bayes techniques. In this study, sentiments are classified into three categories; namely positive, negative or neutral. There are five different training data sets used in this study; 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 tweets. Five users are involved and they are required to classify the sentiment of the different training date set based on specific keyword. The training results are then used as the input for Naïve Bayes training for another 25 tweets. Subsequently, the users are asked to validate the results of sentiment classification by the Naïve Bayes technique. The accuracy of this study are 46% ± 15% for 5 training data set, 78% ± 16% for 10 training data set, 89% ± 14% for 25 training data set, 87% ± 11% for 50 training data set and 79% ± 10% for 100 training data set which are is measured by total number of correct per total classified tweets.
Subclinical Synovitis Assessed by Ultrasound Predicts Flare and Progressive Bone Erosion in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Clinical Remission: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

Objective. Subclinical synovitis can be detected by ultrasound in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are in clinical remission. We aimed to confirm its predictive value for flare and progressive bone erosion. Methods. A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library on September 7, 2014. Baseline clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics were collected. Methodological quality was assessed. Pooled OR were calculated using Mantel-Haenszel model. We explored the source of heterogeneity through subgroup analysis and completed a cumulative metaanalysis. Results. Thirteen articles were included (8 with flare, 4 with bone erosion, 1 with both flare and bone erosion). Metaanalysis revealed an association between power Doppler (PD) positivity and the risk of flare (OR 4.52, 95% CI 2.61–7.84, p < 0.00001, I2 = 21%), the risk of progressive bone erosion on patient level (OR 12.80, 95% CI 1.29–126.81, p = 0.03, I2 = 52%) and the risk of progressive bone erosion on joint level (OR 11.85, 95% CI 5.01–28.03, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%). Further subgroup analysis showed a higher risk of flare in patients with a study period < 1 year (OR 19.98 vs 3.41). No significant differences were observed in the subgroup analysis in duration of remission, disease duration, and medications. Moreover, cumulative metaanalysis indicated the validation and an increasing accuracy of PD positivity in predicting flare since 2012. Conclusion. Ultrasound-detected subclinical synovitis can predict the risk of flare and progressive bone erosion in RA patients with clinical remission. Additionally, the flare of RA tends to occur within a followup of 1 year.
Facial redness, expression, and masculinity influence perceptions of anger and health

ABSTRACT Past research has found that skin colouration, particularly facial redness, influences the perceived health and emotional state of target individuals. In the current work, we explore several extensions of this past research. In Experiment 1, we manipulated facial redness incrementally on neutral and angry faces and had participants rate each face for anger and health. Different red effects emerged, as perceived anger increased in a linear manner as facial redness increased. Health ratings instead showed a curvilinear trend, as both extreme paleness and redness were rated as less healthy than moderate levels of red. Experiment 2 replicated and extended these findings by manipulating the masculinity of both angry and neutral faces that varied in redness. The results found the effect of red on perceived anger and health was moderated by masculine face structure. Collectively, these results show that facial redness has context dependent effects that vary based on facial expression, appearance, and differentially impact ratings of emotional states and health.
Caries Experience and Caries Increments at 10 Years of Age

The aim of the study was to examine the caries experience of 10–year–olds as measured with dmft/DMFT, to explain how caries increases by the age of 10 years, and which factors would explain caries increments. The setting was a representative population sample of first–born children in southwestern Finland. Dental health at 10 years of age was found to be good in 45%, fairly good in 40% and poor in 15% of the children. The caries index remained stable in 23% of carious children from 7 to 10 years of age. Daily consumption of sweets at the age of 3 years (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.5–4.8; p < 0.001) was associated with a caries increment between 7 and 10 years of age (both deciduous and permanent teeth). This daily consumption of sweets and a child’s late bedtime (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1––3.1; p = 0.023) were explanatory factors in the permanent teeth alone. In the deciduous teeth, mother’s previous caries and child’s earlier tooth brushing habits were explanatory factors of caries. As hypothesized, all five significant factors remaining in the final logistic regression analysis were family–related. Parental ability to care for and educate a child could be seen in dental health still at the age of 10 years. The family–related factors which were associated with caries should be emphasized much more comprehensively in everyday dental health care practice.
Polymorphic nature of nucleolus organizer regions in fishes.

An analysis of the nucleolar organizer region(NOR) by silver staining of five species of the order Gymnotiformes, Gymnotus carapo, Apteronotus albifrons, Sternopygus macrurus, Eigenmannia virescens, and Eigenmannia sp. , is reported. The five species presented only one pair of homologs bearing NORs. In G. carapo, A. albifrons, and S. macrurus the silver-stained NORs were present as small black dots over the chromosomes. In E. virescens, the short arm of one of the largest chromosome pairs was entirely stained with silver. Eigenmannia sp. presented an intraspecific variability of the NOR-bearing pair and an increase in the length of this region, the larger one being about six times the size of the smaller. These findings suggest that an increase in the number of ribosomal genes in the NORs of certain species occurred during the evolution of this group.
New intragenic rearrangements in non‐Finnish mulibrey nanism

Prenatal growth is a complex dynamic process controlled by various genetic and environmental factors. Among genetic syndromes characterized by growth restriction, MULIBREY nanism represents a rare autosomal recessive condition presenting with severe pre‐ and post‐natal growth failure, characteristic dysmorphic features but normal neurological development. The phenotype of MULIBREY nanism is variable and overlaps with others such as the Silver‐Russell syndrome. We report here three patients in two distinct non‐Finnish families from North France who were first suspected to have Silver–Russell syndrome which failed to be confirmed on molecular analyses. Clinical features in the three patients led us to also consider the diagnosis of MULIBREY nanism. Sequencing of the TRIM37 gene showed the three patients shared a novel nonsense mutation (c.181 C>T p.Arg61*) in a heterozygous state. Quantitative fluorescent multiplex PCR identified a new deletion of exons 15 and 16 in TRIM37 in one isolated patient and another deletion of exon 9 in two siblings. Breakpoints of both the deletions were localized in Alu sequences. Given the high number of Alu repeats, which predispose to gene rearrangements, one should always consider such genetic rearrangements in the molecular diagnosis of non‐Finnish MULIBREY nanism patients. Early diagnosis of the disease would prompt careful cardiac follow up of such patients as cardiological complication is a characteristic feature of the MULIBREY nanism as described in this report.
Differential pattern of c-fos mRNA in rat brain following central and systemic administration of interleukin-1-beta: implications for mechanism of action.

Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta) is a potent activator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in the release of corticosteroids from the adrenal glands. This effect is evident after both central and peripheral administration, and controversy surrounds the mechanism(s) by which systemic administration of this peptide, which should not cross the blood-brain barrier, may activate the HPA axis. In the present study, IL-1 beta was administered systemically (5 micrograms/kg i.p.) or centrally (100 ng i.c.v.) to male rats. Both routes of administration of IL-1 beta resulted in significant and comparable activation of the HPA axis, as assessed by analysis of plasma conrticosterone. In addition, both routes of administration of IL-1 beta resulted in c-fos mRNA induction in specific regions, as determined by in situ hybridization. These included the meninges, cerebral vasculature, choroid plexus and circumventricular organs. Semiquantitative analysis revealed that both routes of administration resulted in significant and comparable induction of c-fos mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, as compared with control animals. In contrast, in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), levels of c-fos mRNA were 3-4 times higher in animals treated intraperitoneally compared with intracerebroventricularly. A similar differential activation of c-fos mRNA was observed in the lateral divisions of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). These data indicate that following systemic administration, IL-1 beta may activate specific brain areas through mechanisms distinct from those involved following central administration. The differential magnitude of the c-fos mRNA response in the NTS, PBN, CeA and BNST is consistent with vagal activation. Physiologically, these results suggest that IL-1 beta may have differential central effects depending on its source or point of entry to the brain.
Bisimulations for probabilistic linear lambda calculi

We investigate a notion of probabilistic program equivalence under linear contexts. We show that both a statebased and a distribution-based bisimilarity are sound coinductive proof techniques for reasoning about higher-order probabilistic programs, but only the distribution-based one is complete for linear contextual equivalence. The completeness proof is novel and directly constructs linear contexts from transitions, rather than the traditional approach of characterizing bisimilarities as testing equivalences.
Anti-CD8 Monoclonal Antibody Protects against Spontaneous IgA Nephropathy in ddY Mice

We investigated the effects of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and/or anti-CD8 mAb in ddY mice, an animal model of spontaneous IgA nephropathy. Female ddY mice were treated with 18 intravenous injections of anti-CD4 and/or anti-CD8 mAb at 2-week intervals. This was based on our observation that a single injection of anti-CD4 mAb or anti-CD8 mAb caused a selective depletion in CD4+ T cells for 2 weeks and CD8+ T cells for 4 weeks, respectively. The level of proteinuria, serum IgA, and changes in the histopathological features of renal tissue samples were assessed in treated mice between the age of 4 and 40 weeks. The level of proteinuria increased with age, but there was not significant difference among the groups. No animal developed microhematuria throughout the study. Treatment with anti-CD4 mAb produced a mild to moderate level of mesangial hypertrophy at 20 and 40 weeks, similar to the results in untreated mice. The lowest degree of mesangial hypertrophy occurred in mice treated with anti-CD8 mAb up to the age of 40 weeks. Treatment with a combination of anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs produced effects that were similar to those observed on treatment with anti-CD8 mAb alone. Our results suggest that CD8+ T cells mediate mesangial proliferation and the progression of nephropathy in ddY mice.
European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry (ESC‐HF‐LT): 1‐year follow‐up outcomes and differences across regions

Maria G. Crespo-Leiro, Stefan D. Anker, Aldo P. Maggioni, Andrew J. Coats, Gerasimos Filippatos, Frank Ruschitzka, Roberto Ferrari, Massimo Francesco Piepoli, Juan F. Delgado Jimenez, Marco Metra, Candida Fonseca, Jaromir Hradec, Offer Amir, Damien Logeart, Ulf Dahlström, Bela Merkely, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Eva Goncalvesova, Mahmoud Hassanein, Ovidiu Chioncel, Mitja Lainscak, Petar M. Seferovic, Dimitris Tousoulis, Ausra Kavoliuniene, Friedrich Fruhwald, Emir Fazlibegovic, Ahmet Temizhan, Plamen Gatzov, Andrejs Erglis, Cécile Laroche, and Alexandre Mebazaa, on behalf of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Excess Sensitivity of High-Income Consumers*

Using new transaction data, I find considerable deviations from consumption smoothing in response to large, regular, predetermined, and salient payments from the Alaska Permanent Fund. On average, the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 25% for nondurables and services within one quarter of the payments. The MPC is heterogeneous, monotonically increasing with income, and the average is largely driven by high-income households with substantial amounts of liquid assets, who have MPCs above 50%. The account-level data and the properties of the payments rule out most previous explanations of excess sensitivity, including buffer stock models and rational inattention. How big are these “mistakes? ” Using a sufficient statistics approach, I show that the welfare loss from excess sensitivity depends on the MPC and the relative payment size as a fraction of income. Since the lump-sum payments do not depend on income, the two statistics are negatively correlated such that the welfare losses are similar across households and small (less than 0.1% of wealth), despite the large MPCs.
Interobserver and Intraobserver Reliability of Clinical Assessments in Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective. Clinical examination of the knee is subject to measurement error. The aim of this analysis was to determine interobserver and intraobserver reliability of commonly used clinical tests in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. We studied subjects with symptomatic knee OA who were participants in an open-label clinical trial of intraarticular steroid therapy. Following standardization of the clinical test procedures, 2 clinicians assessed 25 subjects independently at the same visit, and the same clinician assessed 88 subjects over an interval period of 2–10 weeks; in both cases prior to the steroid intervention. Clinical examination included assessment of bony enlargement, crepitus, quadriceps wasting, knee effusion, joint-line and anserine tenderness, and knee range of movement (ROM). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), estimated kappa (κ), weighted kappa (κω), and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine interobserver and intraobserver levels of agreement. Results. Using Landis and Koch criteria, interobserver κ scores were moderate for patellofemoral joint (κ = 0.53) and anserine tenderness (κ = 0.48); good for bony enlargement (κ = 0.66), quadriceps wasting (κ = 0.78), crepitus (κ = 0.78), medial tibiofemoral joint tenderness (κ = 0.76), and effusion assessed by ballottement (κ = 0.73) and bulge sign (κω = 0.78); and excellent for lateral tibiofemoral joint tenderness (κ = 1.00), flexion (ICC = 0.97), and extension (ICC = 0.87) ROM. Intraobserver κ scores were moderate for lateral tibiofemoral joint tenderness (κ = 0.60); good for crepitus (κ = 0.78), effusion assessed by ballottement test (κ = 0.77), patellofemoral joint (κ = 0.66), medial tibiofemoral joint (κ = 0.64), and anserine tenderness (κ = 0.73); and excellent for effusion assessed by bulge sign (κω = 0.83), bony enlargement (κ = 0.98), quadriceps wasting (κ = 0.83), flexion (ICC = 0.99), and extension (ICC = 0.96) ROM. Conclusion. Among individuals with symptomatic knee OA, the reliability of clinical examination of the knee was at least good for the majority of clinical signs of knee OA.
Kinetics of fibroblasts in ulcer healing in rats: interference with indomethacin.

OBJECTIVE The authors reported that the repair of submucosal tissue is important in ulcer healing. The kinetics of fibroblasts have not been well known in gastric ulcer healing. The effect of subcutaneous administration of indomethacin (1 mg/kg) to submucosal tissue was also examined. METHOD Immunohistological staining was done using the antibodies for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen prolyl 4-hydroxylase and alpha-smooth muscle actin in acetic acid induced gastric ulcers in rats. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling method was also employed. RESULTS The granulation tissue consisted predominantly of lymphocytes in indomethacin-treated rats. In the control group, proliferative cell nuclear antigen positive cells were at their peak 5 days after ulcer formation (day 5). Prolyl 4-hydroxylase positive fibroblasts were maximal on day 10. Alpha-smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblasts were few on day 5 and increased on day 15. In terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling, positive cells were sporadically seen on days 20 and 30. In indomethacin-administered rats, the fibroblasts proliferated weakly. The numbers of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and alpha-smooth muscle actin positive spindle-shaped cells were fewer and their appearance delayed. Nick end labeling positive cells were few before day 30 and sporadically observed on days 50 and 80. CONCLUSION The results indicate that fibroblasts differentiated into several phenotypes and finally underwent apoptosis.
Development and Differentiation of the Anuran Auditory Brainstem during Metamorphosis: An Acetylcholinesterase Histochemical Study

The time course of cell differentiation and the presence of histochemically defined areas in brainstem auditory nuclei were examined in developing bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, using cresyl violet staining and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry. In the medulla, the dorsolateral nucleus (DLN) can be seen as a distinct structure in its adult location only at Gosner stage 40 and beyond. The majority of cells in the DLN are not fully differentiated until late metamorphic climax (stages 45–46) and early postmetamorphosis. The more ventral vestibular nucleus differentiates earlier (stage 37) than the DLN. Adult-like organization of auditory nuclei in the torus semicircularis (TS) of the midbrain cannot be reliably discerned until metamorphic climax stages. Cellular masses in the brainstem reveal AChE from the earliest stage examined (stage 27) but the intensity of staining differs among cell groups. Staining intensity in the DLN is at a peak in recently metamorphosed froglets. The time course of cell differentiation in the DLN precedes slightly or is coincident with the increased, transient presence of AChE. Staining of the superior olive stabilizes at a moderate level in early postmetamorphic stages. Ventral regions of the principal nucleus in the TS stain more intensely than dorsal regions beginning at stage 40. This dorsal-ventral gradient in staining persists in adult stages. There is a transient decline in staining of the laminar nucleus in metamorphic climax stages. Staining intensity in the magnocellular nucleus peaks during stages 40–46 and in early postmetamorphic froglets and then declines in adults, paralleling the pattern seen in the DLN. These data suggest that metamorphic climax and early froglet periods are an important developmental window for major differentiation and maturational events in the auditory brainstem.
Automated system for Brain tumour detection and classification using eXtreme Gradient Boosted decision trees

This Brain tumor detection and classification is an intrinsic part of any diagnostic system and has witnessed extensive research and procedural advancement over time. The complexity of brain as an organ features to be identified, the presence of noise, poor contrast and intensity inhomogeneity in the images, efficient feature extraction, and accurate classification necessitates the development of an efficacious automated system. We propose a novel automated approach for detection and classification, using the Modified K-Means Clustering algorithm with Mean Shift Segmentation for pre-processing magnetic resonance images (MRI). Detection is done using Marker-Controlled Watershed Transform, and Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is used for feature extraction. For classification, we use the new and improved version of Gradient Boosted Machines (GBM) called eXtreme GBMs. Implemented using the XGBoost library, this supervised learning model has shown more accurate results and in lesser times, it is being used widely by data scientists and gives state of the art solutions.