Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological consequences of money and money attitudes in dictator game

According to the research conducted by Vohs, Mead, and Goode (2006, 2008), reminders of money cause people to behave self-sufficiently, and especially to reveal a reduced tendency to charitable behaviour. In this study, we wanted to establish if this tendency would be present in the dictator game, and if so, whether money activation would just change behaviour, or whether it would also change people’s evaluation of their own decisions. We assumed that people who revealed symbolic and instrumental money attitudes would react differently to money activation. As expected, money priming caused smaller money transfers compared to the control condition, and this effect was significant among those with symbolic attitudes toward money. Moreover, participants who transferred at least half of the sum after money activation declared stronger negative emotions and lower satisfaction with the decision than those who made similar transfers in the control condition.
Climate and history of European shrews [family Soricidae]

This paper reviews the history, faunal transformations and migrations of Recent and fossil, especially Plio-Pleistocene, shrews (Soricidae) o f Europe on the basis o f the climatic requirements o f Recent taxa and distributions of Recent and fossil forms. It is concluded that Soricidae are more successful and diversified in warm and humid climates and that the climatic cooling which has taken place since the Villanyian resulted in the extinction or decreased ranges of numerous soricids. This impoverishement o f the shrew fauna of Europe during the Plio-Pleistocene progressed from the west toward the east.
Comparison of resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew in Chinese wild grapes

This research was performed under natural conditions in an effort to compare resistance within Chinese Vitis germplasm to powdery mildew and downy mildew. Sixty-six genotypes of 13 Chinese wild Vitis species were selected to evaluate disease resistance. Seven among these 13 species, V. amurensis, V. romanetii, V. piazezkii, V. davidii, V. davidii var. cyanocarpa, V. liubanensis, and V. bashanica showed resistance to powdery mildew. Three species, V. yeshanensis, V. davidii var. cyanocarpa, and V. pseudoreticulata exhibited resistance to downy mildew. Among 66 genotypes, 46 were resistant to powdery mildew, 28 were resistant to downy mildew and 19 genotypes had resistance to both diseases. Although more than half of the genotypes exhibited resistance to powdery mildew and a lesser number expressed resistance to downy mildew, resistance to both diseases in Chinese Vitis were significantly related (r = 0.395, df = 64, r 0,01 = 0.325). Also, there is resistance variation regarding both diseases between the species and also, to a lesser degree, among the genotypes. The variation is not related to the geographic distribution of the germplasm. These variations should be considered when researchers collect the gemplasm on location, making every effort to obtain extensive genotypes for the breeding program.
Millennial‐scale sea surface temperature and Patagonian Ice Sheet changes off southernmost Chile (53°S) over the past ∼60 kyr

[1] Glacial millennial-scale paleoceanographic changes in the Southeast Pacific and the adjacent Southern Ocean are poorly known due to the scarcity of well-dated and high resolution sediment records. Here we present new surface water records from sediment core MD07-3128 recovered at 53°S off the Pacific entrance of the Strait of Magellan. The alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) record reveals a very strong warming of ca. 8°C over the last Termination and substantial millennial-scale variability in the glacial section largely consistent with our planktonic foraminifera oxygen isotope (δ18O) record of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin.). The timing and structure of the Termination and some of the millennial-scale SST fluctuations are very similar to those observed in the well-dated SST record from ODP Site 1233 (41°S) and the temperature record from Drowning Maud Land Antarctic ice core supporting the hemispheric-wide Antarctic timing of SST changes. However, differences in our new SST record are also found including a long-term warming trend over Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 followed by a cooling toward the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We suggest that these differences reflect regional cooling related to the proximal location of the southern Patagonian Ice Sheet and related meltwater supply at least during the LGM consistent with the fact that no longer SST cooling trend is observed in ODP Site 1233 or any SST Chilean record. This proximal ice sheet location is documented by generally higher contents of ice rafted debris (IRD) and tetra-unsaturated alkenones, and a slight trend toward lighter planktonic δ18O during late MIS 3 and MIS 2.
Unsuccessful Identification of Mutations in Genes Involving the RAS-MAPK Pathway among 30 Patients with Kabuki Syndrome

Right Copyright © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company; This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Kuniba H, Sato D, Yoshiura K, Ohashi H, Kurosawa K, Miyake N, Kondoh T, Matsumoto T, Nagai T, Okamoto N, Fukushima Y, Naritomi K, Matsumoto N, Niikawa N. 2008. No mutation in RAS-MAPK pathway genes in 30 patients with Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet Part A 146A:1893-1896. , which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/ajmg.a. 32382. NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE
Minimal-energy perturbations rapidly approaching the edge state in Couette flow

Abstract Transition to turbulence in shear flows is often subcritical, thus the dynamics of the flow strongly depends on the shape and amplitude of the perturbation of the laminar state. In the state space, initial perturbations which directly relaminarize are separated from those that go through a chaotic trajectory by a hypersurface having a very small number of unstable dimensions, known as the edge of chaos. Even for the simple case of plane Couette flow in a small domain, the edge of chaos is characterized by a fractal, folded structure. Thus, the problem of determining the threshold energy to trigger subcritical transition consists in finding the states on this complex hypersurface with minimal distance (in the energy norm) from the laminar state. In this work we have investigated the minimal-energy regions of the edge of chaos, by developing a minimization method looking for the minimal-energy perturbations capable of approaching the edge state (within a prescribed tolerance) in a finite target time $T$ . For sufficiently small target times, the value of the minimal energy has been found to vary with $T$ following a power law, whose best fit is given by $E_{min}\propto T^{-1.75}$ . For large values of $T$ , the minimal energy achieves a constant value which corresponds to the energy of the minimal seed, namely the perturbation of minimal energy asymptotically approaching the edge state (Rabin et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 738, 2012, R1). For $T\geqslant 40$ , all of the symmetries of the edge state are broken and the minimal perturbation appears to be localized in space with a basic structure composed of scattered patches of streamwise velocity with inclined streamwise vortices on their flanks. Finally, we have found that minimal perturbations originate in a small low-energy zone of the state space and follow very fast similar trajectories towards the edge state. Such trajectories are very different from those of linear optimal disturbances, which need much higher initial amplitudes to approach the edge state. The time evolution of these minimal perturbations represents the most efficient path to subcritical transition for Couette flow.
Neurophobia: a myth or an unpleasant fact for primary care physicians

We aimed to investigate neurophobia among primary care physicians. This study is designed as a descriptive and analytic research. At the 5th-7th meetings of the Family Practice Academy Research Days, volunteered 425 primary care physicians participated in this study. They had answered a questionnaire investigating the participants' interest, knowledge, professional confidence and perceived hardness of neurology by comparing it with other 10 speciality. They replied about the frequency, knowledge, professional confidence and referral rate of several neurological problems/diseases they encounter while practicing in primary care. Lastly they stated their opinions about possible reasons for perceived hardness in neurology with possible solution methods which might help them improving their neurology knowledge and skills. The participant's knowledge level (F=12.063, p<0.001), personal interest (F=8.795, p<0.001) and professional confidence (F=9.245, p<0.001) were lower than cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, nephrology, respiratory and rheumatology compared with neurology. They also perceive it harder compared to these specialities (F=10,214, p<0,001). The expectations were oncology and haematology. Need to know neurophysiology/anatomy, complexity of neurology and the rareness of the opportunity to work with a neurologist is the most common reasons for neurophobia. Headache was the most common problem that they encountered (F=8,512, p<0,001), while they have got the highest knowledge level (F=6,474, p<0,001), professional confidence to manage it (F=3,214, p<0,001) and had lowest referral rate (F=9,521, p<0,001). As conclusion, neurophobia is present inexperienced primary care physicians. Our results must be confirmed and interventional studies are needed to eliminate this condition in primary care.
Strain and placement density effects on welfare, haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers in north central Nigeria

This study aimed at evaluating the influence of strain and stocking density on welfare, haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers in a 28-day trial. Two hundred and seven 4-week old birds each of Anak Titan and Arbor Acre genetic provenience were randomly allocated to three housing densities of 8.3, 11.1 and 14.3 birds/m2.These corresponded to 17, 22 and 30 birds per pen ( 2.01 × 1.00 m ) in a 2x3 factorial experiment. Each treatment group was replicated three times. The welfare parameters estimated were gait score, feather score, foot and hock burns, pecking, pushes, chases, fights and mortality. Blood samples were tested for packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Similarly, sera were utilized for the determination of total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine contents. There were no genotype-associated differences (P > 0.05) in the welfare indicators examined. However, placement density significantly (P < 0.05) influenced incidence of pushes, chases and fights, with higher values in most cases recorded for birds housed at the highest density. The strains and population densities were similar (P > 0.05) in haematological profile. Strain and stocking density also exerted no influence (P > 0.05) on serum biochemical components. Strain × stocking density interaction effects were not observed in all the parameters. Consequently, the two strains could be reared at a density of 14.3 birds/m2 since density did not lead to a great degree of stress.
Constructing Mental Illness: Comparing Discourses on Mental Health, Illness, and Depression by Muslim Leaders with those found in Consumer Health Materials

The purpose of this research was to investigate the information landscape regarding mental health, mental illness, and depression as Muslim immigrants in a midsize Ontario city might encounter it. This was intended as a microstudy exploratory project using a constructionist qualitative approach. A discourse analysis was conducted on a small sample of collected ‘texts’ (pamphlets and transcripts of interviews with Muslim religious leaders). The pamphlet content reflects a primarily medicalized construction of mental illness and depression whereas religious leaders, while recognizing the possible need for medical intervention to deal with mental health problems, focused on the significance of overcoming social isolation. Religious leaders emphasized the community’s responsibility in supporting those suffering from depression and mental illness. This diverged from the individualized narrative presented in the pamphlets and presented a communal ap-
Social Preferences and Political Participation

Models of political participation have begun to incorporate actors who possess “social preferences. ” However, these models have failed to take into account the potentially incongruent political goals of different social preference types. These goals are likely to play an important role in shaping political behavior. To examine the effect of distinct social preferences on political activity we conducted an experiment in which participants played five rounds of a modified dictator game (Andreoni and Miller 2002). We used the decisions in these games to determine their preference type and mapped these types to reported political activity. Our results show that subjects who were most interested in increasing total welfare in the dictator game were more likely to participate in politics than subjects with selfish preferences, whereas subjects most interested in reducing the difference between their own well-being and the well-being of others were no more likely to participate than subjects with selfish prefere.
The Co-Occurring Development of Executive Function Skills and Receptive Vocabulary in Preschool-Aged Children: A Look at the Direction of the Developmental Pathways.

Despite consensus in the developmental literature regarding the role of executive function (EF) skills in supporting the development of language skills during the preschool years, we know relatively little about the associations between EF skills, including all EF components, and vocabulary skills among preschool-aged children. In this paper, we address this gap by fitting structural equation models to examine the associations between beginning-of-preschool EF and end-of-preschool receptive vocabulary, as well as the association between beginning-of-preschool receptive vocabulary and end-of-preschool EF skills, to data from 400 preschool-aged children. We find that EF skills at the beginning of preschool are a significant predictor of receptive vocabulary skills at the end of preschool, controlling for receptive vocabulary at the beginning of preschool. However, receptive vocabulary skills at the beginning of preschool do not predict EF skills at the end of preschool, controlling for EF at the beginning of preschool. Our findings are suggestive of the important role EF plays in supporting growth in receptive vocabulary skills, above and beyond earlier vocabulary levels, and of the direction of the developmental pathway between EF and receptive vocabulary in the preschool years. The discussion highlights the need for further research in the optimal approach for supporting children's EF skill development in preschool. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship Marketing and Customer Retention: The Case of Jordanian Mobile Telecommunications Companies

This study aimed at examining the relation between relationship marketing and customer retention under the moderating effects of relationship quality (trust and commitment) in the Jordanian telecommunications companies. Data were collected through using a questionnaire consisted of 26 “likert” type items from a judgmental sample of (426) respondents, data were analyzed using Smart PLS 2.0 M3 release to determine the interactions between the various constructs. The results support the direct effect of relationship marketing on customer retention, customer trust and customer commitment, and a positive indirect effect on customer retention through customer trust and commitment. Furthermore, relationship marketing has an indirect effect on customer commitment through customer trust as will as a direct positive effect of trust on commitment, and indirect effect on customer retention through commitment. Moreover each of customer trust and commitment has a positive direct effect on customer retention. Finally, the study has suggested some results and implications, and also some directions for future research were proposed.
Disturbance and persistence of sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr.) in coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest, North America

Forests dominated by Picea sitchensis (Bong) and tree growth in gaps to determine if P. sitchensis can Carr. and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. occupy a narrow persist under a small gap disturbance regime. Tree replace- coastal strip along the Pacific Northwest coast of North ment models derived from tree replacement patterns in America. P. sitchensis is considered seral to T. heterophylla gaps were used to predict abundances of P. sitchensis and but descriptions of groups of P. sitchensis saplings and small T. heterophylla in the next generation. Tree replacement trees in light gaps created by small canopy disturbances models did not predict a decline in P. sitchensis abundance (<0.25 ha) suggest that P. sitchensis may persist by gap- in the next generation. Gaps of 800-1000 m2 appear large phase regeneration after small-scale disturbance. This enough for P. sitchensis to persist in these forests. study combines analyses of the disturbance regime (gap size
Macroeconomic Policy Games

Strategic interactions between policymakers arise whenever each policymaker has distinct objectives. Deviating from full cooperation can result in large welfare losses. To facilitate the study of strategic interactions, we develop a toolbox that characterizes the welfare-maximizing cooperative Ramsey policies under full commitment and open-loop Nash games. Two examples for the use of our toolbox offer some novel results. The first example revisits the case of monetary policy coordination in a two-country model to confirm that our approach replicates well-known results in the literature and extends these results by highlighting their sensitivity to the choice of policy instrument. For the second example, a central bank and a macroprudential regulator are assigned distinct objectives in a model with financial frictions. Lack of coordination leads to large welfare losses even if technology shocks are the only source of fluctuations.
The effect of combining interferon-α and gefitinib in human colon cancer cell lines

Background and Aims: Interferon- α ( IFN- α) treatment is associated with up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and marked growth inhibition of colon cancer cell lines. We aimed to determine the effect of combining IFN- α and gefitinib in the growth of human colon cancer cell lines. Methods: Two human colon cancer cell lines SW480 and LOVO were treated with IFN- α alone or gefitinib alone or IFN- α plus gefitinib. Proliferation of colon cancer cells was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay; the apoptosis rate was analysed by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of XIAP, XAF1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and the expression of XIAP, XAF1 protein was detected by western blotting. Results: Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium showed that IFN- α, gefitinib and IFN- α plus gefitinib significantly inhibited SW480 and LOVO cells in a dose-dependent manner ( p < 0.05). The FCM revealed that IFNα, gefitinib and IFN- α plus gefitinib could markedly upgrade the apoptosis rate ( p < 0.05). The expression of XIAP mRNA down-regulated markedly ( p < 0.05) while the expression of XAF1 mRNA up-regulated significantly (p < 0.05). The expression of XIAP protein was down-regulated markedly ( p < 0.05) while the expression of XAF1 protein was up-regulated significantly ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: IFN- α promotes the antiproliferaative effect of gefitinib on human colon cancer cell lines and the mechanism may be related to up-regulation expression of EGFR by IFN- α.
PSYCHOSOMATIC PROBLEMS AS THE RESULTS OF PARTICIPATION IN BULLYING BEHAVIOUR OR RISK FACTOR FOR INVOLVEMENT IN BULLYING BEHAVIOR

Objective â€“ To find out whether involvement in bullying behaviour precedes psychosomatic symptoms or whether these symptoms precede involvement in bullying behaviour. Â Subjects and methods â€“ A six-month longitudinal study with baseline measurements taken in the autumn of 2008 and follow-up measurements in the spring of 2009 in four elementary schools in the Siroki Brijeg municipalities. The study included 536 children aged 11 to 15 years, who participated by filling out a questionnaire on both occasions of data collection. A self-administered questionnaire measured peer violence and a wide variety of psychosomatic symptoms. Â Results â€“ Children involved in bullying behaviour at the beginning of the school year compared to children who were not involved in bullying behaviour had significantly higher chances of developing psychosomatic symptoms such as nervousness and tension (OR=2.59; p=0.010), feeling tired for no reason (OR=2.0; p=0.008) and a feeling of energy loss (OR=2.18; p=0.050) during the school year. At the same time, some psychosomatic problems increase the likelihood of involvement in bullying behaviour. Children who were identified at the beginning of the school year as neutral and who had psychosomatic symptoms which had manifested as dizziness (OR=0.97, p=0.019), feeling tired for no reason (OR=1.84, p=0.018), pain (OR=2.45, p=0.001), eye problems (OR=1.94, p=0.047) and a feeling of energy loss (OR=2.06, p=0.045) were at greater risk of participation in peer violence during the school year. Â Conclusion â€“ Many psychosomatic health problems follow involvement in bullying behaviour. Furthermore, our results indicate that children with some psychosomatic health symptoms are at increased risk of being involved in bullying behaviour.
Speckle observations of double and multiple stars at Pic du Midi: Measurements during 1995 and 1997 and new orbits ?;??;???

We present speckle observations of 48 double and multiple stars observed with the 2-meter \T elescope Bernard Lyot" (TBL) in December 1995, January 1997 and June 1997. Angular separations, absolute position an- gles and relative photometry result from these observa- tions. New orbital elements have been recalculated for 8 double stars.
PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PSYCHOLOGY AND MULTICULTURALISM URBAN LIVING & MULTICULTURAN CITIES IN ASIA: FROM COLONIAL PAST TO GLOBAL FUTURE

Mindfulness is present moment awareness with an observing and nonjudging stance. To be mindful means to be fully in the here and now from moment to moment. Mindfulness appears to have broadly positive impacts on human functioning. This review explored the current state of studies regarding mindfulness as a potential psychological construct to improve leadership in multicultural context. Mindfulness associated with higher relationship quality because a mindful leader is better able to be fully in the here and now with the subordinate. Mindfulness is also critical to the development of a leader who wants to be culturally intelligent and successful in any multicultural setting. Mindfulness allows people to make sense of cultural situations, events and actions within oneÕs frame of reference by removing a rigid or fixed mindset. The cultural intelligence model demonstrates that having knowledge, mindfulness, and skills that working together helps a person to achieve CQ. Further, testing of CQ model and measurement of its underlying components should help us gather insight to predict the cross-cultural potential of existing employees, offer training customized to individual needs, in particular, CQ facets (knowledge, behavior, mindfulness) and recruit individuals with high CQ for positions that require a high level of cross-cultural interactions.