Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression patterns of collagen I (α1) encoding gene and muscle‐specific genes reveal that the lateral domain of the fish somite forms a connective tissue surrounding the myotome

Somites are repeated, epithelial structures that are derived from the unsegmented paraxial mesoderm located lateral to the notochord. In higher vertebrates, somites differentiate into a sclerotome that subsequently forms the vertebrae and the ribs and into a dermomyotome that gives rise to a myotome, from which arises the skeletal muscle, and to a dermatome, from which arises the dermis. Fish somites have been shown to produce a sclerotome and a myotome, but very little is known regarding their participation in the formation of connective tissues, especially at the junction between the epidermis and the myotome. To investigate the formation of connective tissues in fish somites, we have examined the expression pattern of the collagen I (α1) chain. As somitogenesis proceeds rostrocaudally, collagen I (α1) expression marks the sclerotomal cells and delineates the formation of the vertebrae. Surprisingly, after the completion of the segmentation, transcript for the collagen I (α1) chain appeared in a distinct epithelial‐like monolayer situated at the periphery of the developing somite facing the surface epidermis. This epithelial monolayer of somitic cells that covered the superficial slow muscle cells, did not express the myogenic transcriptional regulator myogenin and was devoid of contractile filament. As the somite increased in size, these collagen‐expressing epithelial cells flattened, forming a thin cellular layer underlying the epidermis and recovering the lateral surface of the myotome. In conclusion, the lateral domain of the fish somite forms a distinct epithelial cell layer sharing many characteristics with amniote dermatome. Developmental Dynamics 233:605–611, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VARIATION OF AEROSOL SIZE WITH ALTITUDE IN THE MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER INVERTED FROM MULTI-WAVELENGTH LIDAR BACKSCATTER DATA

In June, 1990, as part of the GLOBE-2 experiment, calibrated lidar backscatter was measured as a function of altitude at wavelengths of 0.532, 1.064, 1.54 and 9.25 μm. We have used inversions of the data collected 300 km west of Honolulu to obtain bimodal aerosol distribution models throughout the lowest 1280 m of the marine boundary layer. The models suggest that the coarse mode concentrations remain relatively constant with altitude, while changes in the fine mode concentration cause most of the variation in the total backscatter. The coarse mode, although contributing little to the total scattering area, has a significant effect on the lidar ratios and thus on the overall optical depth.
Development of Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition Using Phonetically Structured Speech Corpus

This paper presents the results of acoustic modeling used in a Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LVCSR) system designed with the use of a phonetically controlled large vocabulary corpus. Evaluation experiments showed that relatively good speech recognition results may be obtained with adequate training material, taking into account: a) the presence of lexical stress; b) speech styles (a variety of segmental and prosodic structures, various degree of spontaneity of speech, various pronunciation variants and dialects); c) the influence of the sound level and environment noise. Moreover, the article includes information about the speech corpus structure and also an outline of the design of the speech recognition system.
Diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal malignancy.

BACKGROUND Dyspepsia is a common complaint in clinical practice. In the majority of cases this symptom will result from gastrooesophageal reflux or peptic inflammation or ulceration; however, upper gastrointestinal malignancy may present in a similar way. OBJECTIVE The article aims to assist the general practitioner in determining which patients presenting with dyspepsia warrant further investigation. DISCUSSION Patients over the age of 40 years with recent, new symptoms and those with dysphagia, weight loss, early satiety, iron deficiency anaemia, or more obvious signs such as a palpable epigastric mass or liver enlargement, require investigation in the first instance with endoscopy. In patients without these 'alarm features' it is reasonable to treat acid reflux symptoms with appropriate proton pump inhibitor therapy and only investigate in the event of inadequate symptomatic response. Those with symptoms suggestive of gastritis or duodenitis can be noninvasively tested for Helicobacter pylori infection and re-assessed after successful eradication has been confirmed.
An outbreak of hypersensitivity pneumonitis at a metalworking plant: a longitudinal assessment of intervention effectiveness.

The authors describe a longitudinal assessment of intervention effectiveness in response to an outbreak of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) at a metalworking facility. Thirty-five (29%) of the plant's 120 production workers were given a clinical diagnosis of HP during the two years of the investigation. Although quantitative exposure assessment tools were of limited utility, the investigators successfully used qualitative observations and the patients' return-to-work experiences to iteratively evaluate their exposure control recommendations. Recommended interventions included improving metalworking fluid management practices, enclosing selected metalworking fluid machining operations, eliminating mist cooling, exhausting two additional water-based industrial processes, increasing general dilution ventilation, and worker training. As of November 1999, 26 months into the outbreak, 51 percent (18) of the employees with a clinical diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis had been able to return to work. The symptom onset of the 35 workers who were given a clinical diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis during the two-year study period predated the implementation of the interventions. The collaboration of a multidisciplinary team appears to have allowed for successful intervention in this setting. A specific etiological agent(s) associated with the outbreak was not confirmed during the investigation. An acid fast isolate identified as being in the Mycobacterium chelonae group was detected in only one of the submitted metalworking fluid (MWF) sump samples. Longitudinally, there was a statistically significant difference in MWF sump bacteria (X(2) = 286.4, df = 17, p <. 0001) and MWF sump fungi (X(2) = 28.1, df = 7, p <. 0002). Measured oil mist air levels did not exceed the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) permissible exposure limit (PEL), and in fact, did not exceed 0.5 mg/m(3).
Flux Immunity Robust Predictive Current Control With Incremental Model and Extended State Observer for PMSM Drive

A robust predictive current control algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives is proposed. The robust controller adopts an incremental system model, thus can operate without knowing the rotor flux, which is a pivotal parameter in conventional dead-beat control. The incremental model is easy to implement compared with relevant flux identification algorithms or observers. The robust controller adopts an extended state observer (ESO) to enhance inductance robustness to cater for the divergence caused by stator inductance mismatch. The inductance mismatch uncertainties can be estimated and compensated by ESO. Conventional dead-beat control is modified for multistep prediction to achieve high disturbance rejection. Detailed stability and disturbance rejection analysis are conducted theoretically, and rules on parameter selection are given. Comparative simulations and experimentations verify the effectiveness and superiority of proposed robust control over conventional dead-beat control.
Effect of platelet-rich plasma on bone regeneration in dentistry: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To review systematically the reported effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on bone regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Up to June 2006, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were explored with different combinations of three search terms: 'PRP', 'bone regeneration', 'dentistry' and their synonyms. INCLUSION CRITERIA human controlled clinical trials designed to treat maxillofacial bony defects with application of PRP (test) or without PRP (control), including at least five patients with a follow-up period of more than 3 months and using clinical assessment, radiography, histology and/or histomorphometry for evaluation. Literature search, selection of eligible articles and data extraction were carried out independently by two readers. RESULTS The literature search revealed 108 references, of which 17 were selected for further analysis. Finally, nine articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for systematically review. Owing the substantial heterogeneity of the studies it was not possible to analyze the data statistically. An attempt was made to compare results from studies that used similar outcome measures by calculating and adding confidence intervals to the data presented in the original papers. Differences in treatment effects for periodontal defects in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) were significant (ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 mm). The reported effects of PRP in sinus elevation (compared with their controls) were <10%. CONCLUSION We found evidence for beneficial effects of PRP in the treatment of periodontal defects. Evidence for beneficial effects of PRP in sinus elevation appeared to be weak. No conclusions can be drawn about other applications of PRP in dentistry.
Molecular cloning and expression of a human heat shock factor, HSF1.

Human cells respond to heat stress by inducing the binding of a preexisting transcriptional activator (heat shock factor, HSF) to DNA. We have isolated recombinant DNA clones for a human HSF (HSF1) by screening cDNA libraries with a human cDNA fragment. The human HSF1 probe was produced by the PCR with primers deduced from conserved amino acids in the Drosophila and yeast HSF sequences. The human HSF1 mRNA is constitutively expressed in HeLa cells under nonshock conditions and encodes a protein with four conserved leucine zipper motifs. Like its counterpart in Drosophila, human HSF1 produced in Escherichia coli in the absence of heat shock is active as a DNA binding transcription factor, suggesting that the intrinsic activity of HSF is under negative control in human cells. Surprisingly, an independently isolated human HSF clone, HSF2, is related to but significantly different from HSF1 [Schuetz, T. J., Gallo, G. J., Sheldon, L. , Tempst, P. & Kingston, R. E. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 6911-6915].
A simple approach to improve recording of concerns about child maltreatment in primary care records: developing a quality improvement intervention.

BACKGROUND Information is lacking on how concerns about child maltreatment are recorded in primary care records. AIM To determine how the recording of child maltreatment concerns can be improved. DESIGN AND SETTING Development of a quality improvement intervention involving: clinical audit, a descriptive survey, telephone interviews, a workshop, database analyses, and consensus development in UK general practice. METHOD Descriptive analyses and incidence estimates were carried out based on 11 study practices and 442 practices in The Health Improvement Network (THIN). Telephone interviews, a workshop, and a consensus development meeting were conducted with lead GPs from 11 study practices. RESULTS The rate of children with at least one maltreatment-related code was 8.4/1000 child years (11 study practices, 2009-2010), and 8.0/1000 child years (THIN, 2009-2010). Of 25 patients with known maltreatment, six had no maltreatment-related codes recorded, but all had relevant free text, scanned documents, or codes. When stating their reasons for undercoding maltreatment concerns, GPs cited damage to the patient relationship, uncertainty about which codes to use, and having concerns about recording information on other family members in the child's records. Consensus recommendations are to record the code 'child is cause for concern' as a red flag whenever maltreatment is considered, and to use a list of codes arranged around four clinical concepts, with an option for a templated short data entry form. CONCLUSION GPs under-record maltreatment-related concerns in children's electronic medical records. As failure to use codes makes it impossible to search or audit these cases, an approach designed to be simple and feasible to implement in UK general practice was recommended.
Conditional Return Smoothing in the Hedge Fund Industry

We show that if true returns are independently distributed and a manager fully reports gains but delays reporting losses, then reported returns will feature conditional serial correlation. We use conditional serial correlation as a measure of conditional return smoothing. We estimate conditional serial correlation in a large sample of hedge funds. We find that the probability of observing conditional serial correlation is related to the volatility and magnitude of investor cash flows, consistent with conditional return smoothing in response to the risk of capital flight. We also present evidence that conditional serial correlation is a leading indicator of fraud.
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Child Sexual Abuse Victimization and Sexual Aggression Perpetration in Male College Students

ABSTRACT Although numerous studies document a link between child sexual abuse and later sexual assault perpetration in men, little research has examined why this relationship exists. One potential mechanism may be emotional regulation difficulties. The current study utilizes a college sample of 132 men to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties on the relationship between experiencing child sexual abuse and later sexual aggression. Although emotion regulation difficulties in general was not significantly related to sexual aggression, one facet, impulse control difficulties, emerged as a significant mediator of the relationship between child sexual abuse and sexual aggression. Intervention programs should focus on the care that children receive following sexual abuse, with particular emphasis on how emotion regulation abilities may be impacted.
Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Disease (STOP) Study Guidelines for Transcranial Doppler Testing

The Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Disease (STOP) trial used transcranial Doppler (TCD) to screen children with sickle cell disease with no history of stroke. Children (who consented) who had time‐averaged mean of the maximum (TAMM) velocities in the middle cerebral artery and/or distal internal carotid artery were randomized to transfusion or standard. Over a slightly more than 20‐month average follow‐up, there were 11 strokes in the standard care arm and 1 stroke in the transfusion arm. This study has caused a great deal of interest in using TCD to screen children with sickle cell disease. For the STOP TCD data to be applied appropriately, it is necessary for users of TCD to understand how the STOP TCD examinations were performed, how the TCD velocities were measured, and which velocities were used. This article will review the STOP TCD scanning protocol and the reading protocol and review the TAMM velocity and how it differs from other velocity measurements.
New formulations for the electric vehicle routing problem with nonlinear charging functions

Electric vehicle routing problems (E-VRPs) are receiving growing attention from the operations research community. Electric vehicles (EVs) differ substantially from internal combustion engine vehicles. In the routing context, the main difference is due to the limited EV autonomy, which can be recuperated at charging stations. These are rather scarce, thus EVs typically have to perform detours to reach them. Various assumptions on the charging policy and objective function{, among others}, have led to the definition of several variants E-VRPs. Modeling the charging functions is a focal point of the majority of these problems. The majority of the research has focused on constant or linear charging function. To account for the nonlinear relation between the times spent charging and the amount of energy charged, the electric vehicle routing problem with nonlinear charging function has been recently introduced. In this research we propose new formulations for this problem. We present an arc-based tracking of the time and the state of charge which, according to our experiments, outperform the classical node-based tracking of these values. We also propose alternative formulations of the piecewise linear approximation of the nonlinear charging function. To prevent the use of charging stations nodes replication, we propose a recharging path-based model. We present a labeling algorithm to generate a tractable number of these paths. This latter model overcomes the limits of the classical models presented in the literature and also outperforms them in our experiments.
Effect of galactomannan hydrocolloids on gelatinization and retrogradation of tapioca and corn starch

Summary The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of galactomannan hydrocolloids (guar gum and locust bean gum) on gelatinization and retrogradation of tapioca and corn starch. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to characterize the behaviour of tapioca and corn starch with and without additives. Results showed that guar gum and locust bean gum retarded the retrogradation of tapioca and corn starch at both investigated temperatures (4 and 25 °C). Guar gum retarded retrogradation of tapioca starch more than locust bean gum, on the other hand, locust bean gum had a greater effect on reduction of the recrystallization of corn starch. Temperatures of gelatinization did not vary significantly in starch-hydrocolloid systems. Additions of galactomannan hydrocolloids caused a decrease in gelatinization enthalpy of both starches.
Etiological Characterization of 512 Severely Mentally Retarded Institutionalized Patients in Havana

Objective: To investigate etiological factors in severe mental retardation (SMR). Methods: An etiological study is presented of 512 SMR patients in five specialized institutions in Havana. Results: Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal causes were apparent in 58.0, 24.8 and 11.1% of the patients, respectively; infantile psychosis was determined in only 0.4%. The remaining 5.6% were classified as having SMR of undeterminable origin, i.e. patients with apparently normal pre-, peri- and postnatal histories who had neither dysmorphism nor affected first-degree relatives, and had a normal karyotype and metabolic screen. Among prenatal causes, genetic factors were the most frequent (82.8%), while environmental factors were apparent in only 5.3% of these cases. Of the cases with prenatal genetic etiology, chromosomal aberrations were present in 86.5% (Down syndrome 96.2% and 3.7% other chromosomal aberrations), monogenic disorders in 11.3% [neurocutaneous diseases (32.1%) and fragile X syndrome (25%) were the most frequent], and multifactorial disorders in 2.0%. Thirty-five patients (11.7%) presented multiple congenital anomalies of ‘prenatal unknown’ causes. The latter group may include unidentifiable chromosomal aberrations, uniparental disomy, de novo mutations and multifactorial or teratogenic factors. Conclusion: Accurate determination of the etiology of SMR is important not only for genetic counseling purposes, but also in identifying prenatal events which make infants more vulnerable to perinatal risk factors.
Satisfaction With Care Among Community Residential Care Residents

Measuring satisfaction with community residential care (CRC) is growing in importance but still in its infancy. The authors conducted interviews with 176 CRC residents and their providers. Logistic regression was used to identify resident and physical characteristics, policies and services, and aggregate resident characteristics associated with satisfaction. Residents had high levels of satisfaction, demonstrating most concern with the facility being able to meet their future needs and food quality. Resident demographics and health status were associated with satisfaction. Contrary to hypotheses, facility type (adult family home and assisted living) was the only facility characteristic strongly associated with satisfaction. Possible explanations include that the relationship between satisfaction and facility characteristics is more complex than expected, as well as significant challenges in measuring satisfaction and facility characteristics. The inconsistent results of previous satisfaction studies do not provide direction for imposition of uniform standards for facility characteristics, if the goal is improved satisfaction.
Physical Fitness and Age, with Emphasis on Cardiovascular Function in the Elderly †

Progressive decline in the functional capacity of the cardiovascular system with age is a widely accepted concept. A survey of the literature of cross‐sectional studies of men aged 20 to 60 clearly indicates a decline in aerobic capacity (O2max) of about 0.45 ml · kg−1 · min−1 · yr−1 regardless of activity level. Data from longitudinal studies of sedentary men suggest that the rate of decline in O2max is more rapid than indicated from the cross‐sectional studies which include subjects who are physically active. For sedentary women the decline in O2max with age seems to be less than that reported for men (0.30 ml · kg−1 · min−1 · yr−1). Excessive fatness in young men does not appear to compromise their cardiovascular function but it does limit their ability to transport their body weight over distance and reduces their heat tolerance. O2max per kg of total weight is, however, only 10 percent less than that for normal‐weight men at age 60. Of the obese subjects studied (N = 4) over the age of 40, O2max per kg fat‐free body weight was the same as for normal‐weight men (N = 17). The effect of exercise on improvement of aerobic capacity in the elderly and the optimum frequency, intensity and duration of exercise programs at specific ages requires additional investigation. The effect of regular exercise on reducing the frequency of premature ventricular contractions and on improving heat tolerance also requires clarification.