Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of dental implant fatigue performance under loading conditions in two kinds of physiological environment

Aim: To investigate the effect of diameter on the mechanical properties and load fatigue testing of wide, regular, and narrow dental implants in two different environment. Materials and methods: Three groups of different diameters implants were tested under simulated physiological environment conditions using cyclic compression and static loading. In the cyclic test, the load versus the number of cycles was plotted during the biomechanical analysis of each implant. A rotational load fatigue instrument was used to apply a load at a rate of 0.05 mm/sand an angle of 30 degrees to the long axis of the specimens. The samples were loaded until fracture occurred or an upper cyclic limit set to a maximum of 5×106 cycles was reached. Tukey’s test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Load/displacement curves demonstrated different fatigue behavior with different implant diameters in each group of samples in simulated oral condition and normal condition. The fatigue limit under normal conditions was 13% greater than that in the simulated oral environment, the 3.3 mm group showed weaker performance fatigue behavior than other two groups implant. The 3.75 mm group showed better performance than the 5 mm group with a higher normalized load, however under absolute load magnitudes, the 5 mm group exhibited better performance than the 3.75 mm group. Conclusion: The results emphasize that the diameter of implants could substantially impact their ability to withstand loading, with a wider diameter demonstrating superior load fatigue performance. The narrow group showed typical fatigue behavior, indicating a risk of fracture in clinical practice that might be attributable to the implant design.
Pediatric Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Guidelines , 2018

The ASMBS Pediatric Committee updates their evidence-based guidelines published in 2012, performing a comprehensive literature search (2009-2017) with 1,387 articles and other supporting evidence through February, 2018. The significant increase in data supporting the use of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) in adolescents since 2012 strengthens these guidelines from prior reports. Obesity is recognized as a disease; treatment of severe obesity requires a life-long multidisciplinary approach with combinations of lifestyle changes, nutrition, medications, and MBS. We recommend using modern definitions of severe obesity in children with the CDC age and gender matched growth charts defining class II obesity as 120% of the 95 percentile and class III obesity as 140% of the 95 percentile. Adolescents with Class II obesity and a co-morbidity (listed in the guidelines), or with Class III obesity should be considered for MBS. Adolescents with cognitive disabilities, a history of mental illness or eating disorders that are treated, immature bone growth, or low Tanner stage should not be denied treatment. MBS is safe and effective in adolescents; given the higher risk of adult obesity that develops in childhood, MBS should not be withheld from adolescents when severe comorbidities such as depressed Health Related Quality of Life score, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis exist. Early intervention can reduce the risk of persistent obesity as well as end organ damage from long standing co-morbidities.
The value of occupational safety and health and the societal costs of work-related injuries and diseases

The need to improve working life in the European Union (EU) is still urgent today. In 2016, approximately 2.4 million non-fatal accidents requiring at least 4 days of absence from work and 3,182 fatal accidents were reported in EU Member States. In addition to these accident rates, figures from 2013 show that 7.9 % of the workforce suffered from occupational health problems, of which 36% resulted in absence from work for at least 4 days (Eurostat, 2018a, 2018c). These occupational injuries, diseases and deaths result in high economic costs to individuals, employers, governments and society. Negative effects may include costly early retirement, the loss of skilled staff, absenteeism as well as presenteeism (when employees go to work despite illness, increasing the likelihood of mistakes) and high medical costs and insurance premiums. In a previous project, the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) estimated that 3.9 % of global gross domestic product (GDP) and 3.3 % of European GDP is spent on dealing with occupational injuries and diseases (EU-OSHA, 2017a). This percentage may vary widely between countries, in particular between western and non-western countries, depending on the industrial mix, legislative context and prevention incentives. Understanding the magnitude of the problem calls for a reliable and comprehensive estimate of occupational injury and disease costs to society. It is vital for policy-makers to be aware of these costs to help them to set priorities. Insight into the financial consequences of occupational injury and disease provides governments, policy-makers and employers’ organisations with relevant data for the purpose of developing occupational safety and health (OSH) policies and agreements. Moreover, insight into these costs will help to raise awareness of the magnitude of the problem and will contribute to a more efficient allocation of resources for OSH. Including summary
Study of Tensile Testing using Infrared thermography

In this work, the IR thermography was used to study the steel specimens (DIN 50125 Standard) undergoing the tensile tests. The tensile tests were performed using GUNT® Hamburg Universal Material Tester. The tensile specimens were clamped, and the test force was generated using a handoperated hydraulic system. A dial gauge measured the elongation of the specimens. Using the WP 300.20 system for data acquisition, the measured values for force and displacement were recorded in a PC. The IR thermographic imaging was performed using the FLIR® T1030sc IR camera and ResearchIR Max software. The steel specimens were coated with high emissivity paint. Thermography revealed that the steel specimens show noticeable thermal signature when undergoing tensile loading. The samples were found to be warmer by 20-25 °C at the time of failure. The tests were repeated under various surrounding temperatures such as 25 °C, -5 °C, -10 °C, -15 °C, and -20 °C. The same study was compared with the finite element numerical simulation in ANSYS® Workbench. The experimental and simulation results were found to be in a qualitative agreement.
ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC STATUS IN DAIRY COWS DURING TRANSITION PEROD AND MID LACTATION

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the endocrine and metabolic changes in Simmental dairy cows during the transition period and mid lactation. Fifteen late pregnant cows, 15 early lactation cows and 15 mid lactation cows were chosen for the analysis. Blood samples were collected to measure growth hormone (GH), insulin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) by ELISA methods and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, triglycerides (TG), total protein (TP), albumin and urea by different colorimetric techniques. Early lactation cows were found to have higher blood serum concentrations of GH (P < 0.05), NEFA (P < 0.05) and BHB (P < 0.05) and lower blood serum concentrations of insulin (P > 0.05), T3 (P < 0.05), T4 (P > 0.05) , glucose (P < 0.05), TG (P < 0.05), albumin (P < 0.05) and urea (P < 0.05) compared to late pregnant and mid lactation cows. Correlation analysis showed that GH levels were negatively correlated with insulin levels (r=-0.44; P < 0.05) and positively with NEFA levels (r=0.32; P < 0.05). Insulin levels negatively correlated with NEFA levels (r=-0.34; P < 0.05) and positively with T3 levels (r=0.35; P < 0.05). BHB was negatively correlated with glucose (r=-0.47; P < 0.05) and TG (r=-0.36; P < 0.05) levels (r=-0.44; P < 0.05) and positively with NEFA levels (r= 0.39; P < 0.05). These endocrine and metabolic changes can serve as useful indicators in evaluating the endocrine and metabolic status of dairy cows during lactation.
Genes , Exercise , and Psychological Factors ECO

Regular exercisers, defined as individuals who voluntarily seek out moderate to vigorous physical activity on a weekly or even daily basis, have a different psychological profile than non-exercisers. Regular exercisers score lower on neuroticism and higher on extraversion, conscientiousness, and sensation-seeking (De Moor et al., 2006; Hoyt et al., 2009; Rhodes & Smith, 2006). These stable differences in psychological traits are reflected in assessments of ongoing mood and one of the most compelling descriptions of the psychological profile of regular exercisers is that of the “iceberg profile” in Morgan’s mental health state model (Morgan & Johnson, 1977). Regular exercisers have higher vigor (the peak of the iceberg) but lower levels of anxiety, tension, apprehension, depression, and fatigue compared to the average of these mood states in non-exercisers. Originally, the interest of sports psychologists in the psychological profile of exercisers was driven by the idea that personality and mood could help predict athletic performance in elite athletes. This did not turn out to be a very useful addition to the coach’s toolbox. A large meta-analysis, for instance, showed that Profile of Mood States scores accounted for less than 1% of athletic success (Rowley et al., 1995). However, Morgan’s research facilitated the growing interest in the relation Chapter 25
Extricate the impact of tactics of nitrogen source on development of Lilium cultivars.

Lilium is one of the most important bulbous flower ranked 2nd among bulbous flowers in international market. The scope of the study lies in the fact that despite having the congenial climate of Kashmir for bulb production the cultivators are importing the bulbs from outside, so there was need to rationalize the nutrition for optimum plant growth and bulb yield of lilies under Kashmir valley conditions. Consequently an investigation was under taken to evaluate the differential response of lilium varieties with method of application and sources of nitrogen (urea and calcium nitrate) on plant growth, bulb development and yield in Asiatic lilies. Significant differences were observed in growth parameters and behaviour of two cultivars viz., Serreda and Navona. Calcium nitrate significantly improved plant height, leaf area (LA) and LA index (LAI) recorded at 50, 75, 90, and 105 days after planting. Bulb yield parameters (weight of mother bulb, weight of bulblets, no. of bulbs plant-1, propagation coefficient) varied significantly between two cultivars. Calcium nitrate significantly improved bulb weight, bulb circumference, the number of bulbs plant”1 and propagation coefficient. However, the effect of three and four split nitrogen application on plant height; LA and LAI was significant at 90-105 day interval. CaNO3 was more effective in providing the prompt availability of nitrogen to plants as compared to NH2CONH2 also it was advantageous for improving the bulb growth as because of presence of critically important micronutrient calcium. Split application of nitrogen was advantageous not only in improving the growth and yield attributes but prevented the significant losses of nitrogen as occurred by various processes like leaching etc
Motivations for Remittances : Evidence from Moldova Matloob Piracha

Motivations for Remittances: Evidence from Moldova This paper explores the factors that account for the receipt of remittances across households in Moldova who have migrants abroad. Unlike most of the existing literature, we approach our research question from the perspective of the recipient household and use it to interpret the determinants/motivations of remittances. Our results show that a combination of household and migrant characteristics and some community level variables are the key elements in explaining the remittance behaviour in Moldova. Drawing from these estimates, we conclude that altruism and investment (proxied by the level of economic development at the regional level) are the two main motives behind remittance flows to Moldova. JEL Classification: F22, F24
Dendritic Cell Accumulation in the Gut and Central Nervous System Is Differentially Dependent on α4 Integrins

Key Points α4 integrins are dispensable for cDCs and pDCs to populate the CNS in steady-state. Itga4−/− moDCs have a competitive disadvantage to accumulate in the inflamed CNS. Accumulation of CD11b+CD103+ DCs in gut lamina propria is dependent on α4 integrins. Visual Abstract Homing of pathogenic CD4+ T cells to the CNS is dependent on α4 integrins. However, it is uncertain whether α4 integrins are also required for the migration of dendritic cell (DC) subsets, which sample Ags from nonlymphoid tissues to present it to T cells. In this study, after genetic ablation of Itga4 in DCs and monocytes in mice via the promoters of Cd11c and Lyz2 (also known as LysM), respectively, the recruitment of α4 integrin–deficient conventional and plasmacytoid DCs to the CNS was unaffected, whereas α4 integrin–deficient, monocyte-derived DCs accumulated less efficiently in the CNS during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a competitive setting than their wild-type counterparts. In a noncompetitive setting, α4 integrin deficiency on monocyte-derived DCs was fully compensated. In contrast, in small intestine and colon, the fraction of α4 integrin–deficient CD11b+CD103+ DCs was selectively reduced in steady-state. Yet, T cell–mediated inflammation and host defense against Citrobacter rodentium were not impaired in the absence of α4 integrins on DCs. Thus, inflammatory conditions can promote an environment that is indifferent to α4 integrin expression by DCs.
CytoLyt fixation significantly inhibits MIB1 immunoreactivity whereas alternative Ki‐67 clone 30‐9 is not susceptible to the inhibition: Critical diagnostic implications

The Ki‐67 proliferation marker has multiple diagnostic and prognostic applications. Although several clones to the Ki‐67 antigen are commercially available, the MIB1 clone is widely recommended in the surgical pathology literature for neuroendocrine tumors. In our cytopathology practice, we have encountered unexpectedly low MIB1 immunoreactivity in CytoLyt‐fixed cell blocks (CBs). The current study evaluated the impact of fixatives, CB processing, and immunocytochemical (ICC) procedures on Ki‐67 immunoreactivity.
Evaluation of dietary supplementation of a novel microbial muramidase on gastrointestinal functionality and growth performance in broiler chickens

This study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of Muramidase 007 to broiler chickens on gastrointestinal functionality, evaluating growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, intestinal histomorphology, vitamin A in plasma and cecal microbiota. A total of 480 one-day male chicks (Ross 308) were distributed in 16 pens allocated in 2 experimental diets: the control diet (CTR) without feed enzymes, coccidiostat or growth promoters, and the experimental diet (MUR): CTR supplemented with 35,000 units (LSU(F))/kg of the Muramidase 007. Digesta and tissue samples were obtained on days 9 and 36 of the study. A lower feed conversion ratio was observed in the MUR treatment. Apparent ileal digestibility of DM, organic matter and energy were improved by Muramidase 007. It was also observed that MUR improved digestibility of total fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, and content of vitamin A in plasma at day 9 (P < 0.05). Histomorphological analysis of jejunum samples revealed no differences in the villus height or crypt depth; but a higher number of goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes at day 36 with MUR. No differences were observed in plate counts of enterobacteria or Lactobacillus along the gastrointestinal tract, neither on the cecal short-chain fatty acids. An statistical trend was observed for reduction of cecal clostridia at day 9 for MUR. Analysis of cecal microbiota structure by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed relevant changes correlated to age. At day 9, broilers receiving MUR showed decreased alpha diversity compared to CTR that was not detected at day 36. Changes in specific taxonomic groups with an increase in Lactobacillus genus were identified. In conclusion, evaluation of the variables in this study indicates that dietary Muramidase 007 contributes to improve feed conversation ratio and gastrointestinal function in broiler chickens. Effects could have been mediated by slight shifts observed in the intestinal microbiota. More studies are guaranteed to fully understand the mechanisms involved.
Repeatability of Intraoral Scanners for Complete Arch Scan of Partially Edentulous Dentitions: An In Vitro Study

Research on whether the number or location of missing teeth affects the accuracy of intraoral scanners in partial edentulous patients is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the precision of complete-arch scan data of various partial edentulous arches acquired by intraoral scanners. Five different maxillary models were scanned using Carestream CS3600 and Medit i500 scanners. The models employed here were control: Fully dentate; Case 1: Missing a right second premolar and a first molar; Case 2: Missing a right second premolar, a first molar, both left premolars, and a left first molar; Case 3: Missing four incisors and a right canine; and Case 4: Missing four incisors, a left second premolar, and a first molar. Six scans per group were performed and the resulting two datasets were paired to analyze the precision of each group (n = 15). Two-way ANOVA was performed (α = 0.05). The root mean square (RMS) error values in Cases 2, 3, and 4 were significantly higher than those in Case 1 and control. The RMS values of the two intraoral scanners were not significantly different. Scanning precision was significantly lower for both devices when used for scanning dental arches with ≥5 missing teeth.
Synthesis of Non-Uniform Functionalized Amphiphilic Block Copolymers and Giant Vesicles in the Presence of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction

Giant vesicles with several-micrometer diameters were prepared by the self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer in the presence of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. The vesicle is composed of a non-uniform triblock copolymer synthesized by multi-step reactions in the presence of air at room temperature. The triblock copolymer contains poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) as the hydrophilic block copolymerized with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)3), which catalyzes the BZ reaction, and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) as the hydrophobic block. In this new approach, the radicals generated in the BZ reaction can activate a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to self-assemble the polymer into vesicles with diameters of approximately 3 µm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements demonstrated that the PGMA-b-Ru(bpy)3-b-PHPMA triblock copolymer is brominated and increases the osmotic pressure inside the vesicle, leading to micrometer-sized features. The effect of solvent on the morphological transitions are also discussed briefly. This BZ strategy, offers a new perspective to prepare giant vesicles as a platform for promising applications in the areas of microencapsulation and catalyst support, due to their significant sizes and large microcavities.
A Limitation of Gradient Descent Learning

Over decades, gradient descent has been applied to develop learning algorithm to train a neural network (NN). In this brief, a limitation of applying such algorithm to train an NN with persistent weight noise is revealed. Let <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> be the performance measure of an ideal NN. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is applied to develop the gradient descent learning (GDL). With weight noise, the desired performance measure (denoted as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal{ J}}({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E[V(\tilde {\mathbf w})|{\mathbf w}]$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tilde {\mathbf w}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the noisy weight vector. Applying GDL to train an NN with weight noise, the actual learning objective is clearly not <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> but another scalar function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal{ L}}({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For decades, there is a misconception that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal{ L}}({\mathbf w}) = {\mathcal{ J}}({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and hence, the actual model attained by the GDL is the desired model. However, we show that it might not: 1) with persistent additive weight noise, the actual model attained is the desired model as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal{ L}}({\mathbf w}) = {\mathcal{ J}}({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; and 2) with persistent multiplicative weight noise, the actual model attained is unlikely the desired model as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal{ L}}({\mathbf w}) \neq {\mathcal{ J}}({\mathbf w})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Accordingly, the properties of the models attained as compared with the desired models are analyzed and the learning curves are sketched. Simulation results on 1) a simple regression problem and 2) the MNIST handwritten digit recognition are presented to support our claims.
Perceptions of physicians in Saudi Arabia on the use of international clinical guidelines for managing primary insomnia

Introduction While there are no national clinical guidelines for managing primary insomnia in Saudi Arabia, there are also no published studies of physicians’ perceptions of and attitudes towards using international guidelines. The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of physicians practising in Saudi Arabia about using international guidelines for managing insomnia. Methods A qualitative study using in-depth, face-to-face, and semi-structured interviews with 15 physicians held in July 2017 at a tertiary care hospital in Jazan, the distal south-western province in Saudi Arabia. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded using the qualitative software NVivo11 and analysed thematically. Data saturation was assumed as no new understandings of the broad thematic issues were produced by the last three interviews. Results Themes identified were: Knowledge, Resistance, Barriers and Facilitators. Participants acknowledged their lack of awareness of available guidelines and their lack of training and education about Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I). They highlighted a lack of education for patients about insomnia and its treatment. Beliefs about dependence on hypnotics and the inappropriateness of international guidelines for Saudi Arabia inclined many to resist using them. Inability to document diagnosis and consultations due to limited time and lack of suitable electronic systems, lack of suitably trained practitioners for referral for CBT-I, and lack of accountability for practice were identified as key barriers to following international guidelines. Development of national guidelines was the most important facilitator suggested by participants. Conclusions The health authorities in the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) should improve general public awareness about sleep disorders and provide focused training for specialists and technologists. Above all, KSA needs its own nationwide guidelines for treating sleep-disorders based on evidence-based clinical trials, consistent with its history, culture, socioeconomic conditions and traditions.