Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Share Price Movements in Bangladesh : Dividends and Retained Earnings

Background and Problem Discussion: Financial scholars have been conducting studies of dividend policy for several decades; but different researchers have come to different conclusions. Financial economists have come to different conclusion about factors determining dividend policy and effect of dividend policies on common stock price. A general question may arise in the mind of the shareholders that the corporate dividend policy affects the value of their stocks. So, in addition to the theory of dividend policy, it is necessary to discuss the empirical evidence on the dividend payment practices of the corporations and their possible impacts on common stock prices. Empirical testing of dividend policy may focus on whether the determinants carry information in pricing the common stocks and whether the dividends are the only determinants serving as signals in conveying information about the current and future earnings of the corporation. Purpose: The present study will strives on the relative importance of dividends, retained earnings, and other determinants in the explanation of stock prices in Bangladesh with particular stock price of the companies associated with Dhaka Stock Exchange (henceforth DSE), an emerging capital market of Bangladesh. The prime objective of this study is to study determinants of market share price and to examine their functional relationships with the market price of common stocks trades in DSE. Method: Applied several pre-reviewed models to examine the dynamic relations between stock price and different financial variables. Data for selected companies listed in DSE for the period from 2000 to 2006 were collected from the annual reports of the respective companies, daily price quotation of DSE. Theory: Different related theories like, dividend theory, information contents, theory of information asymmetry, signalling theory, clientele effect theory were discussed to explain the basic concepts that is used to analyze the results. Different related models are also discussed to determine the appropriate model for my study. Analysis: I have used different models to explain the dynamic relationships of market price of common stocks with the determinants of market share price like dividends, retained earnings, lagged price earnings ratio and market price of previous year. Conclusion: The results of the empirical analysis evidences that dividends, retained earnings and other determinants have dynamic relationship with market share price. Findings also suggest that the overall impact of dividend on stock prices is comparatively better that that of retained earnings and expected dividends play an important role in the determination of stock prices whatever determinants, like lagged price earnings ratio or lagged price, are considered.
PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM AND PSYCHOSIS.

T HE finding of a parathyroid adenoma in a patient suffering from paranoid psychosis with depressive features, and the rapid clearing of psychic symptoms following surgery, drew our attention to the fact that only six similar cases have been reported in detail. It recognized that with this The symptoms described range from and and listlessness unrelated to exertion, through marked depression and psychosis to the delirium and coma associated with acute parathyrotoxicosis. In this report a classifica-tion of the psychiatric presentations of hyperparathyroidism is suggested.
Error Performance Optimization Using Logarithmic Barrier Function in Molecular Nanonetworks

The performance of a molecular signal detector relies on selected value of the detection threshold. In fact, arbitrary choice of detection threshold would increase either the probability of miss detection or the probability of false alarm. Thereby, an appropriate value of detection threshold is required in order to optimize the error performance of a realistic diffusion-based molecular communication (DbMC) system. For this, we come up with a new approach that yields optimal value for convex optimization problem in DbMC using logarithmic barrier followed by modified Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, Newton Raphson method, and finally rounding the solution to the nearest integer value. Previous works on threshold optimization in DbMC either give suboptimal solution or optimal one whereof the convergence depends on choosing the smallest interval that contains the optimal value. Numerical and simulation results reveal that our proposed methodology can provide optimal solution with utmost accuracy in few iterations.
An expert clinical decision support system to predict disease using classification techniques

Currently in the healthcare industry different data mining methods are used to mine the interesting pattern of diseases using the statistical medical data with the help of different machine learning techniques. The conventional disease diagnosis system uses the perception and experience of doctor without using the complex clinical data. The proposed system assists doctor to predict disease correctly and the prediction makes patients and medical insurance providers benefited. This research focuses on to diagnosis diabetes disease as it is a great threat to human life worldwide. The system uses the Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Algorithms as supervised classification model. Finally, the proposed system calculates and compares the accuracy of C4.5 and KNN and the experimental result demonstrates that the C4.5 provides better accuracy for diagnosis diabetes. For the clinical database, the Pima Indians Dataset is used in this research.
Group membership, geography and shared ancestry: Genetic variation in the Basotho of Lesotho.

OBJECTIVES The investigation of the evolution of cultural and genetic traits and how they interact represents a vibrant area of research in evolutionary genetics, whose dynamics are particularly relevant for our species. One of the key assumptions of the "gene-culture coevolution" framework is the coinheritance of cultural and genetic traits. A corollary of the model is that culturally defined groups with a unique (or a limited number of) common origin(s) whose membership is inherited only through the male or female line are expected to show a relatively low intragroup variation for genetic markers similarly transmitted. Across human societies this is expected to be the case for cultural toponymies and family names within patrilineal and matrilineal groups considered in association with the nonrecombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) portion of the genome, respectively. This study aims at exploring the degree of correlation between culture and genetics by investigating the genetic variation of culturally and geographically defined groups. METHODS We analyzed the genetic variation at NRY and mtDNA in 181 individuals from the Basotho, a Southern African patrilineal population from Lesotho, in combination with information about group membership and geographic origin. RESULTS Our results show that (a) the genetic distance between individuals belonging to the same culturally defined group is lower than the population as a whole when NRY markers are considered; (b) cultural traits have a bigger impact than geography for the within-group variation of Y chromosome, but not mtDNA; and (c) within-group genetic variation is compatible with a more homogeneous origin for less common groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided additional evidence for the relevance of the dual inheritance model (culture and genetics) in understanding the patterns of human genetic variation, as implied by gene-culture coevolution theory.
Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase-Enabled Subcutaneous Pediatric Rehydration

OBJECTIVES: The Increased Flow Utilizing Subcutaneously-Enabled (INFUSE)-Pediatric Rehydration Study was designed to assess efficacy, safety, and clinical utility of recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20)-facilitated subcutaneous rehydration in children 2 months to 10 years of age. METHODS: Patients with mild/moderate dehydration requiring parenteral treatment in US emergency departments were eligible for this phase IV, multicenter, single-arm study. They received subcutaneous injection of 1 mL rHuPH20 (150 U), followed by subcutaneous infusion of 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid over the first hour. Subcutaneous rehydration was continued as needed for up to 72 hours. Rehydration was deemed successful if it was attributed by the investigator primarily to subcutaneous fluid infusion and the child was discharged without requiring an alternative method of rehydration. RESULTS: Efficacy was evaluated in 51 patients (mean age: 1.9 years; mean weight: 11.2 kg). Initial subcutaneous catheter placement was achieved with 1 attempt for 46/51 (90.2%) of patients. Rehydration was successful for 43/51 (84.3%) of patients. Five patients (9.8%) were hospitalized but deemed to be rehydrated primarily through subcutaneous therapy, for a total of 48/51 (94.1%) of patients. No treatment-related systemic adverse events were reported, but 1 serious adverse event occurred (cellulitis at infusion site). Investigators found the procedure easy to perform for 96% of patients (49/51 patients), and 90% of parents (43/48 parents) were satisfied or very satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: rHuPH20-facilitated subcutaneous hydration seems to be safe and effective for young children with mild/moderate dehydration. Subcutaneous access is achieved easily, and the procedure is well accepted by clinicians and parents.
Uncontrolled asthma and its risk factors in Chinese children: A cross-sectional observational study

Abstract Objective: Asthma afflicts many children in China but information about asthma management among Chinese pediatric asthma patients is limited. This study aims to evaluate asthma control among Chinese pediatric patients and identify risk factors associated with uncontrolled asthma. Methods: A total of 4223 patients with persistent asthma aged 2–16 years from 42 tertiary hospitals across all regions of mainland China except Tibet were surveyed. Asthma Control Test (ACT), Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria were used to assess asthma control for children aged 12–16 years, 4–11 years and 2–3 years, respectively. Uncontrolled asthma was defined as ACT or C-ACT score ≤19 or GINA-defined uncontrolled asthma. Risk factors associated with uncontrolled asthma were identified using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Asthma was uncontrolled in 19.9% of the subjects. High rates of uncontrolled asthma were found in subjects with treatment non-adherence (44.1%), concomitant allergic rhinitis (AR) (23.3%), disease duration ≥ 1.5 years (22.8%), and first-degree relatives with AR (21.5%). The risk of uncontrolled asthma was much higher in the treatment non-adherence group compared to the complete adherence group (OR = 5.79, p < 0.001). Concomitant AR, disease duration ≥ 1.5 years, and first-degree relatives with AR were also confirmed as risk factors associated with uncontrolled asthma. Conclusions: About 20% of Chinese pediatric asthma patients had uncontrolled asthma. Treatment adherence and AR were the most significant risk factors. Tailored measures aimed at improving treatment adherence and diagnosis and treatment of AR should be adopted to improve the level of asthma control in Chinese children.
Face recognition using DCT-based feature vectors

Face recognition has many applications ranging from security access to video indexing by content. We describe an automatic face recognition system which is VQ-based and examine the effects of feature selection, feature dimensionality and codebook size on recognition performance in the VQ framework. In particular, we examine DCT-based feature vectors in such a system. DCT-based feature vectors have the additional appeal that the recognition can be performed directly on the bitstream of compressed images which are DCT-based. The system described consists of three parts: a preprocessing step to segment the face, the feature selection process and the classification. Recognition rates for a database of 500 images shows promising results.
Total compensation practices and their relationship to hospitality employee retention

Choice Hotels has franchised hotel owners who must understand the financial impact that arises from turnover due to employees’ perceptions of inequitable total compensation. Currently, for franchise hotel owners, there is not any guidance on this from Choice Hotels. The purpose of this paper will be to explore the current literature regarding total compensation and to develop a set of recommendations that Choice hotel owners can use to retain both their managers and employees. If there is any question as to why turnover is such an issue in the hospitality industry, one only needs to look at the countless studies on the subject to find that most agree that poor total compensation is one of the major reasons for turnover. Owners and companies must understand that there is a direct link between equitable, competitive compensation and increased revenues. If hospitality companies continue to have the reputation of having high turnover and poor compensation, companies will not be able to get the most productive employees to work for them. If owners feel that they cannot afford to have competitive compensation plans, they must understand the true cost of turnover. It is more cost effective to pay a good employee to stay and to be productive, than to incur turnover costs when they leave. Total Compensation and Retention iii Total Compensation Practices and Their Relationship to Hospitality Employee Retention
Resource Nationalism - Limits on FDI

Despite a trend toward asset privatization, host governments are retaining ownership over strategically important domestic oil and gas resources, effectively limiting corporate foreign direct investment (FDI). These findings are supported by an analysis of global reserve acquisitions for the period 2000 - 2006, a period which saw listed national oil companies (NOCs) demonstrate a home bias, acquiring over 82% of their reserves domestically, compared to only 25% for commercial operators.Our second contribution uses a cross-sectional analysis for global ownership data to show that state companies control 72% of global oil and gas reserves with commercial companies holding remaining 28%. Findings demonstrate that the variables of political risk, reserve size, and development status influence strategic reserve ownership retention by host NOCs. State ownership attribute has a positive relationship with OPEC membership, country risk, and asset size. Commercial FDI is shown to be constrained to assets in low risk developed countries and marginal oilfield assets.
Preferential utilization of the perforin/granzyme pathway for lysis of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells by virus-specific CD4+ T cells.

In this report, we show that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) express Fas and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 and that LCL are lysed following engagement of these receptors by agonist Fas and TRAIL receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb). We also show that EBV-specific CD4+ T cells mediate bystander lysis of susceptible targets through both the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) and the TRAIL pathways, but find that the dominant mechanism of lysis following cognate, HLA class II-restricted recognition of LCL is the perforin/granzyme pathway. Killing of LCL by EBV-specific CD4+ T cells was strongly inhibited by concanamycin A, an agent that elevates granule pH, resulting in accelerated destabilization and degradation of perforin. In contrast, blocking anti-FasL MAb showed only limited inhibition of LCL killing. Blocking anti-TRAIL MAb had no effect on lysis of LCL by EBV-specific CD4+ T cells. We further show that culture of EBV-specific CD4+ T cells in the presence of interleukin 4 markedly abrogates effector cytotoxic function against LCL through direct depletion of intracellular perforin, with no evidence of a Th1 to Th2 shift in patterns of cytokine expression.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic ( PBPK ) Modeling and Simulation Approaches : A Systematic Review of Published Models , Applications , and Model Verification s

Modeling and simulation of drug disposition has emerged as an important tool in drug development, clinical study design and regulatory review, and the number of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling related publications and regulatory submissions have risen dramatically in recent years. However, the extent of use of PBPK modeling by researchers, and the public availability of models has not been systematically evaluated. This review evaluates PBPK-related publications to 1) identify the common applications of PBPKmodeling; 2) determineways inwhich models are developed; 3) establish how model quality is assessed; and 4) provide a list of publically available PBPKmodels for sensitive P450 and transporter substrates as well as selective inhibitors and inducers. PubMed searches were conducted using the terms “PBPK” and “physiologically based pharmacokinetic model” to collect published models. Only papers on PBPK modeling of pharmaceutical agents in humans published in English between 2008 and May 2015 were reviewed. A total of 366 PBPK-related articlesmet the search criteria, with the number of articles published per year rising steadily. Published models were most commonly used for drug-drug interaction predictions (28%), followed by interindividual variability and general clinical pharmacokinetic predictions (23%), formulation or absorption modeling (12%), and predicting age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and disposition (10%). In total, 106 models of sensitive substrates, inhibitors, and inducers were identified. An in-depth analysis of the model development and verification revealed a lack of consistency in model development and quality assessment practices, demonstrating a need for development of best-practice guidelines.
Corporate Governance and Bank Liquidity: Evidence from Selected Banks in Nigeria

This study examines the relationship between certain governance variables and bank liquidity. The primary source of data was used and data were obtained through the use of questionnaire. Altogether, a total of one hundred (100) questionnaires were administered across the randomly selected banks out of which 70 were duly completed and returned. Multiple regression models were used in investigating the relationship between the variables of the study. The significance testing of the regression coefficients was carried out using the t- test at 5% level. The study reveals that, out of the four corporate governance variables investigated on bank liquidity, audit committee independence and auditors’ independence are the two variables which explain the variability in bank liquidity. We recommend that owners of banks pay close attention to corporate governance variables that improve liquidity.
Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH Kinase/Akt Signaling Impairs DNA Repair in Glioblastoma Cells following Ionizing Radiation*

Radiation therapy is a mainstay in the treatment of glioblastomas, but these tumors are often associated with radioresistance. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which occurs frequently in glioblastomas due to inactivation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), correlates with radioresistance. To directly test the link between Akt activation and radioresistance, we utilized PTEN-deficient U251 glioblastoma cells engineered to inducibly restore PTEN upon exposure to doxycycline. These cells showed high basal levels of Akt activation (i.e. high levels of phospho-Akt), but induction of PTEN led to substantially decreased phospho-Akt and was associated with radiosensitization. To investigate whether the PTEN-induced radiosensitization was attributable to impaired sensing versus repair of DNA damage, we assessed levels of γ-H2AX after ionizing radiation in U251 cells induced for PTEN. Initial post-radiation levels of γ-H2AX foci were not decreased in PTEN-induced cells; however, the resolution of these foci was significantly delayed. In contrast to these results, induction of phosphatase-dead PTEN showed no appreciable effect. Finally, exposure of cells to the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 did not decrease the occurrence of γ-H2AX foci after irradiation but did markedly delay their resolution. These results together support a direct link between Akt activation, repair of DNA damage, and radioresistance in glioblastoma. Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway may modulate DNA repair to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy.
The Effects of Critical Audit Matter Paragraphs and Accounting Standard Precision on Auditor Liability

ABSTRACT: The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board recently proposed amendments to the standard audit report that would require the disclosure of critical audit matters (CAMs), and the Securities and Exchange Commission continues to evaluate the use of principles-based (imprecise) accounting standards within U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We assert that jurors perceive precise accounting standards to constrain auditors' control over financial reporting outcomes, resulting in a lower propensity for negligence verdicts when the accounting treatment conforms to the precise standard. However, we hypothesize that the use of either imprecise standards or CAMs reduces the extent to which jurors perceive this constraint to exist, leading to increased auditor liability. We present experimental evidence supporting this argument. Our results highlight the similarities between the effects of imprecise accounting standards and CAMs on negligence assessments. These results provide insight for regul.
Oncologists' communication about end of life: the relationship among secondary traumatic stress, compassion satisfaction, and approach and avoidance communication

Oncologists must communicate effectively with patients and their families about end of life (EOL). Despite the importance of communicating on this topic, many oncologists avoid these conversations. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction and approach and avoidant communication about EOL with cancer patients.
A Modified Series-Capacitor High Conversion Ratio DC–DC Converter Eliminating Start-Up Voltage Stress Problem

In this letter, a modified series-capacitor (SC) high conversion ratio (HCR) dc–dc converter is proposed. The proposed converter inherits most of the advantages of the existing SC HCR dc–dc converter and can eliminate the problem of high switch-voltage stress of the existing converter encountered during start-up using a simple circuit modification. Although an extra capacitor is required in the proposed converter, total series capacitance of the proposed converter is the same as that of the conventional SC converter. In addition, input capacitance of the proposed converter can be reduced by less than half of that of the SC buck converter. A 1-kW prototype converter is built and tested to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Attributes of Innovations as Factors in Diffusion

Differences among innovations are important variables in explaining the diffusion process. Data on rate of adoption of thirty-three modern farm practices and farmers' perceptions of fifteen attributes of those practices are subjected to partial correlation analysis. For this sample of relatively prosperous farmers, innovations perceived as most rewarding and least risky are accepted most rapidly, as expected; high costs do not serve as a brake on adoption; direct contribution of the innovation to a major occupational interest enhances adoption, while complexity and the pervasiveness of consequences following from acceptance have no effect. Further studies with different types of respondents and different innovations should yield a scheme for classifying the item which is bein adopted and thus permit better prediction of the diffusion process.