Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Added Benefit of Hybrid SPECT/CT in the Diagnosis of Bone Metastasis in Patients with Breast Cancer

The purpose of this study was to investigate the additional benefit of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) over whole-body planar bone scintigraphy (planar BS) and SPECT for the detection of bone metastases in breast cancer patients. Materials & methods: Of 112 consecutively examined patients with histologically confirmed breast carcinoma who underwent bone scintigraphy, 39 required further evaluation by SPECT/CT (n= 23) and SPECT alone (n = 16) because a definite diagnosis could not be established using whole body planar BS alone. The 23 SPECT/CT studies were retrospectively evaluated by two nuclear medicine physicians for planar BS and SPECT images, and one nuclear medicine physician and one radiologist for SPECT/CT on consensus. Each focus of abnormal tracer uptake was recorded for differentiating malignant from benign bone lesions. Clinical and imaging follow-up were used as a reference standard. Results: A total of 72 lesions were evaluated in 23 patients examined by three types of imaging modalities. In 57 of the 72 evaluated lesions, the results of planar BS, SPECT and SPECT/CT were concordant; 52 of the 57 lesions were interpreted as malignant and 5 lesions as benign by all modalities. In 15 of the 72 lesions, consensus reading of fused SPECT/CT images changed the image interpretation of 15 planar BS scans and 9 of the 15 SPECT scans: 7 lesions previously interpreted as benign (on both planar BS and SPECT) were re-classified as malignant and 8 lesions (8 by planar BS and 2/8 by SPECT) previously interpreted as malignant were reevaluated as benign. The highest diagnostic gain was in the thoracolumbar spine, thoracic cage & pelvis. The overall accuracy of SPECT/CT was significantly higher on a lesion-based analysis than planar BS and SPECT (100%vs 79%, p < 0.0001 and 100% vs 83%, p = 0.003). Compared to planar BS and SPECT, the results of SPECT/CT changed diagnosis or treatment in 5/23 patients (21.7%). 39 Conclusion: The hybrid imaging system with SPECT/CT is a feasible technique yielding coregistered dual-modality images. The addition of SPECT/CT improves the diagnostic accuracy for the correct interpretation of bony lesions in breast cancer patients undergoing bone scanning for metastases. SPECT/CT should be routinely used in the work up of postoperative breast carcinoma patients with simultaneous CT evaluation to identify metastatic lesions not detected on bone scintigraphy. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjnm.v17i1. 22490 Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(1): 38-49, January 2014
Counting divisors of Lucas numbers

Let {Sn} be a second order linear recurrence consisting of integers only. M. Ward [22] proved that, except for some degenerate cases, there are always an infinite number of distinct primes dividing the terms of {Sn}. A deeper question is whether in the non-degenerate case the set of prime divisors has a prime density. (If S is any set of natural numbers, then S(x) denotes the number of elements n in S with 1 < n ≤ x. In case S is a set of primes we define the prime density of S to be limx→∞ S(x)/π(x), if it exists, where π(x) denotes the number of primes not exceeding x. ) It is conjectured that the answer is yes and that the density is in fact positive. In case of what are called torsion sequences, this was recently established by P. Stevenhagen [21], generalizing on results in the earlier papers [9, 11, 13]. Stevenhagen showed, moreover, that the density of a torsion sequence is a rational number. For a large class of non-torsion sequences, the existence and positivity of of the prime density was established by P.J. Stephens [20], under the assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. The sequence {Ln} is torsion. Lagarias established that it has prime density 2/3. His method goes back to H. Hasse [6], who expressed the prime density of sequences {a+b}k=1 in terms of degrees of Kummer extensions. This method will be used in Section 3. The analytic aspects of prime divisors of sequences {ak + b}k=1 were explored by K. Wiertelak in several papers [24, 25, 26, 27, 28]. For a survey of results on prime divisors of, not necessarily second order, linear recurrences, see Ballot [1]. The problem of general divisors of second order linear recurrence sequences, in contrast, has not received much attention. Let a and b be fixed coprime integers such that |a| 6= |b|. In [12] the set of divisors, Ga,b, of the sequence {ak + bk} was considered. Some of the results obtained there have
Gender Differences in Depression Symptoms: Findings From a Population Survey in Kosovo – A Country in Transition

This paper focuses on gender differences in depression symptoms. It takes into consideration relevant contextual factors of a country in transition. This paper’s analyzed data was extracted from European Social Survey, Sixth Round (ESS-6). ESS uses strict probability samples of the resident national population, aged 15 or older, and living in private households. Females reported a significantly higher mean depression on average (M = 8.14; SD = 3.88) compared to males (M = 7.56; SD = 3.86) at t(1247) = 2.604, p ˂ . 009. The average for depressive symptoms found in the Kosovar population was higher than the averages reported in other European countries, but corresponded with those in Eastern European countries.
Transverse oscillations of two parallel coronal loops

Context. Collective oscillations of two or more coronal magnetic loops are observed very often. Aims. We study the eigenmodes of oscillations of a system consisting of two parallel magnetic loops. Methods. The linearised MHD equations for a cold plasma are solved analytically in bicylindrical coordinates using the longwavelength approximation. A dispersion equation determining the frequencies of eigenmodes is derived and solved analytically. Results. Two solutions of the dispersion relation were found. The higher frequency corresponds to the antisymmetric mode polarised in the direction parallel to the line connecting the loop centres, and the symmetric mode polarised in the perpendicular direction. Depending on the polarisation of modes corresponding to the lower frequency, the systems of two parallel loops are classified as standard and anomalous. In standard systems the lower frequency corresponds to the symmetric mode polarised in the direction parallel to the line connecting the loop centres, and the antisymmetric mode polarised in the perpendicular direction. In anomalous systems the lower frequency corresponds to the antisymmetric mode polarised in the direction parallel to the line connecting the loop centres, and the symmetric mode polarised in the perpendicular direction. The limiting case of two identical loops is studied. The results for this case are compared with recent numerical results.
ATLASGAL - properties of a complete sample of Galactic clumps

Abridged: ATLASGAL is an unbiased 870 micron submillimetre survey of the inner Galactic plane. It provides a large and systematic inventory of all massive, dense clumps in the Galaxy (>1000 Msun) and includes representative samples of all embedded stages of high-mass star formation. Here we present the first detailed census of the properties (velocities, distances, luminosities and masses) and spatial distribution of a complete sample of ~8000 dense clumps located in the Galactic disk. We derive highly reliable velocities and distances to ~97% of the sample and use mid- and far-infrared survey data to develop an evolutionary classification scheme that we apply to the whole sample. Comparing the evolutionary subsamples reveals trends for increasing dust temperatures, luminosities and line-widths as a function of evolution indicating that the feedback from the embedded proto-clusters is having a significant impact on the structure and dynamics of their natal clumps. We find 88\,per\,cent are already associated with star formation at some level. We also find the clump mass to be independent of evolution suggesting that the clumps form with the majority of their mass in-situ. We estimate the statistical lifetime of the quiescent stage to be ~5 x 10^4 yr for clump masses ~1000 Msun decreasing to ~1 x 10^4 yr for clump masses >10000 Msun. We find a strong correlation between the fraction of clumps associated with massive stars and peak column density. The fraction is initially small at low column densities but reaching 100\,per\,cent for column densities above 10^{23} cm^{-2}; there are no clumps with column density clumps above this value that are not already associated with massive star formation. All of the evidence is consistent with a dynamic view of star formation wherein the clumps form rapidly and are initially very unstable so that star formation quickly ensues.
Against Parsimony: Three Easy Ways of Complicating some Categories of Economic Discourse

Economics as a science of human behavior has been grounded in a remarkably parsimonious postulate: that of the self-interested, isolated individual who chooses freely and rationally between alternative courses of action after computing their prospective costs and benefits. In recent decades, a group of economists has shown considerable industry and ingenuity in applying this way of interpreting the social world to a series of ostensibly noneconomic phenomena, from crime to the family, and from collective action to democracy. The “economic” or “rational-actor” approach has yielded some important insights, but its onward sweep has also revealed some of its intrinsic weaknesses. As a result, it has become possible to mount a critique which, ironically, can be carried all the way back to the heartland of the would-be conquering discipline. That the economic approach presents us with too simpleminded an account of even such fundamental economic processes as consumption and production is the basic thesis of the present paper.
IN THE EJECTION PROCESS OF THE LOCKNE MARINE-TARGET IMPACT CRATER FROM ROCK MAGNETIC PROPERTIES IN THE LOCKNE-9 DRILL CORE THROUGH THE EJECTA FLAP

The well-documented, well-preserved, and well-exposed Lockne crater is a reference crater for marine-target impact on Earth. To date, it has been subjected to 11 short core drillings and over 5000 outcrop descriptions, as well as several geophysical surveys. The rich data allows detailed analysis of the cratering and modification processes. A unique feature with Lockne is its pristine ejecta layer. The ejecta differs, however, from the typical text book example of a land target crater in that it, to great extent, is made up of relatively extensive, coherent ejecta flaps resting on a target surface with no structural rim uplift. However, little is known about the marine impact excavation process generating the flaps. Here, we provide a lithological description coupled with an analysis of the rock magnetic properties of the Lockne-9 core through the western, downrange ejecta flap. The 31.04m long drillcore shows ~23m of monomict (mafic) breccia overlying a ~5m thick mixed zone of breccia with fracture fill and matrix derived from Palaeozoic sedimentary target sequence (i.e. Lower Cambrian alum shale and conglomerate). The whole breccia package rests with sharp contact on the fractured, granitic basement. The conspicuous lithological and petrophysical differences between the overlying breccias and the basement suggest the former was transported as ejecta. The rock magnetic properties of the ejecta show a magnetic signal that must have existed before the impact event took place. Thus, during the cratering process the ejecta at the studied location was relocated en masse from the central part of the crater to form an ejecta flap, in contrast to the standard ballistic emplacement of individual particles in an ejecta curtain.
The quality and the depth of dormancy of beechnuts in individual stand groups with varying climatic conditions within a single unit of approval

The goal of this study was to analyse the quality and dormancy of beechnuts originating from different harvesting sites within large UA and to determine the homogeneity of seed lots from large-scale areas. Currently, European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) accounts for 7.21% of the forested area of this country. Almost 24,000 ha of beech are registered as units of approval (UA) for harvesting of reproductive material. About 40% of these UA are made up of areas of 10 ha consisting of stands with different micro-sites. Beechnut dormancy and thus the chilling require - ments for the rate of germination are affected by provenance and weather conditions (precipitation and temperature) during seed maturation. Beechnuts collected from different harvest sites reached significantly different germination and also showed different degrees of dormancy. Results illustrated that beechnut seed lots collected from large areas (a set of different stands) can show high heterogeneity in germination and dormancy and this can significantly affect the uniformity of pre-sowing treatment and emergence in nurseries.
On Estimating Quantiles Using Auxiliary Information

Abstract We propose a transformation-based approach for estimating quantiles using auxiliary information. The proposed estimators can be easily implemented using a regression estimator. We show that the proposed estimators are consistent and asymptotically unbiased. The main advantage of the proposed estimators is their simplicity. Despite the fact the proposed estimators are not necessarily more efficient than their competitors, they offer a good compromise between accuracy and simplicity. They can be used under single and multistage sampling designs with unequal selection probabilities. A simulation study supports our finding and shows that the proposed estimators are robust and of an acceptable accuracy compared to alternative estimators, which can be more computationally intensive.
Cyclostationary Feature Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Users in MIMO-OFDM-A Review

Spectrum sensing is an important part of cognitive radio systems to find spectrum hole for transmission which enables cognitive radio systems coexist with the authorized radio systems without harmful interference. The resource of radio frequency spectrum is not efficiently managed, and the increased dependence on wireless devices in the modern era just adds to the problem. The concept of cognitive radio aims to overcome the problem of limited radio frequency spectrum by helping to achieve improved spectral management, utilization, and efficiency. One of the ways to improve the efficiency and utilization of an available frequency spectrum is to share it between the users. One of the most important step for spectrum sharing is spectrum sensing. There are many spectrum sensing algorithms available for cognitive radio. This paper describes the Cyclostationary Detection based method of cognitive spectrum sensing along with other available sensing technique.
Type XVIII collagen : characterization of the primary structure and expression pattern of different variants in Xenopus laevis , characterization of the human gene structure and analysis of transgenic mice expressing endostatin

In this work the type XVIII collagen has been studied by using several approaches, such as different animal models. The primary structure of frog, Xenopus laevis, type XVIII collagen and the expression pattern of its variants during early embryogenesis have been elucidated. The gene structure of human type XVIII collagen was characterized and the localization and processing of its longest variant was studied by generated antibodies. In addition, the function of the proteolytically released C-terminal part of type XVIII collagen, endostatin, was studied by generating transgenic mice expressing endostatin. The primary structure of X. laevis type XVIII collagen is comprised of three N-terminal variants resembling their mammalian counterparts. The sizes of the polypeptides are 1285, 1581, and 1886 residues. The most conserved regions are the C-terminal endostatin region and the cysteine-rich domain in the N-terminus. Whole-mount in situ hybridization reveals different expression patterns for variants during embryogenesis. The short variant is the most abundant, whereas the two longest variants exhibit more restricted expression. The gene structure of human type XVIII collagen reveals an exon-intron organization that is conserved with mouse. The length of the human gene is about 105 kb and contains 43 exons. The third variant of type XVIII collagen has a conserved cysteine-rich domain with homology to the extracellular part of frizzled proteins. This third variant is localized to developing muscle and lung, and is also found in serum. In cell culture, the proteolytic fragments of the N-terminus, including the cysteine-rich motif, are also detected. Endostatin function was studied by generating mouse lines expressing endostatin under the keratin-14 promoter, which drives the expression mainly in the skin. Three independent transgenic mouse lines were achieved with varied expression levels. The phenotype was seen in the eye with lens opacity and abnormal morphology of epithelial cells in the lens. In the skin, a broading of the basement membrane in the epidermis dermis junction was detected. Immunoelectron microscopy analysis revealed a polarized orientation of type XVIII collagen in the basement membrane. In transgenic mice, altered localization of endogenous type XVIII collagen was seen, suggesting displacement of the endogenous type XVIII collagen with transgenic endostatin leading to disorganized basement membrane.
SOABER: An Innovative Approach to Maximize Bidder Surplus in Simultaneous Online Art Auctions

This paper presents a novel intelligent bidding system, called SOABER (Simultaneous Online Auction Bidder), which monitors simultaneous online auctions of high-value fine art items. It supports decision making by maximizing bidders’ surplus and their chances of winning an auction. One key element of the system is a dynamic forecasting model, which incorporates information about the speed of an auction's price as well as about the level of competition within and across other auctions. Other elements are a wallet estimator, which gauges bidders' willingness to pay, and a bid strategizer that embeds the forecasting model into a fully automated decision system. We illustrate the performance of our intelligent bidding system on an authentic dataset of online art auctions for Indian contemporary art. We compare our system with several simpler ad-hoc approaches and find it to be more effective in terms of extracted surplus and the resulting winning percentage.
MAX WEBER PROGRAMME Optimal Debt Bias in Corporate Income Taxation

I present a rationale for a government to discriminate between debt and equity financing when taxing corporate income. For risk-averse entrepreneurs, equity generates more surplus than debt, because it provides financing and insurance. A government seeking to extract surplus from entrepreneurs would naturally tax equity-generated income more than debt-generated income. I also establish a less obvious reason why the government might want to extract surplus from entrepreneurs. It is well understood that when the quality of projects is unobservable to investors, risk-averse entrepreneurs with higherreturn projects might retain a larger share of equity to signal their type (Leland and Pyle (1977)). I show that in such an adverse selection setting, while competitive investors are constrained to offer actuarially fair terms, the government can use taxes to discriminate between types. This degree of freedom allows manipulation of the relevant incentive constraints so that a lower level of debt suffices for separation, and an increase in overall efficiency can be obtained. Since entrepreneurs separate along their debt-to-equity ratios, the optimal non-linear tax schedule to achieve the desired discrimination is isomorphic to one that taxes debt-generated income at a lower rate than equitygenerated income.
Evaluation of semantic equivalence and internal consistency of a Portuguese version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT)

Objective: The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) to the Portuguese language. Methods: The translation and evaluation process consisted of five steps: (1) translation; (2) back-translation; (3) peer review and evaluation of semantic equivalency by experts; (4) instrument evaluation through a sample of students, by evaluating their understanding level; and (5) analysis of the instrument’s internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha-coefficient). Results: The instrument was translated and adapted to Portuguese. As shown, the Portuguese version of the IAT was easily understood and the internal consistency value was 0.85. Discussion: The translated and adapted IAT displays a satisfactory internal consistency. In a further step, measurement and reproducibility analyses have to be conducted. Conti MA, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2012;39(3):106-10
Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy among Physical Education Teachers.

Research has documented a positive association between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and well-being, performance and self-efficacy. The purpose of the current study was to examine potential associations between EI and self-efficacy among physical education teachers. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) and the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) were administered to a sample of 119 physical education teachers. The main results show a positive association between EI and self-efficacy, and more particularly that the sociability factor of EI predicted the TSES total score. Moreover, neither age nor teaching time experience was related to EI or self-efficacy scores. These results both confirm and extend previous findings on the association between EI and self-efficacy. Suggestions are provided for specific EI training for physical education teachers.
Chapter 2 Sleep Disturbances in PTSD

Stress-induced alterations in sleep have been linked to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep complaints and disturbances in arousal are continuing symptoms in patients. PTSD-related changes in sleep have not been fully characterized but involve persistent disturbances in both rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS). PTSD is considered a disorder of the fear circuitry, which includes the amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate, hippocampus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Currently, several animal models are used to examine the underlying neurobiology of PTSD; however, sleep has been characterized in only a limited number of models. Intense conditioned fear training, which may best model PTSD in rodents, can produce reductions in REMS as well as alterations in NREMS that may vary with mouse and rat strains. The amygdala, a central region in current concepts of PTSD, plays significant roles in regulating the stress response and changes in stress-induced alterations in arousal and sleep. This chapter reviews sleeprelated findings in patients with PTSD and in animal experimental paradigms currently utilized to model the disorder, as well as the neurobiology that has been linked to disturbed sleep in PTSD. It will also discuss the impact of PTSD treatments on sleep disturbances.