Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti diabetic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Heinsia crinata on key glycolytic enzymes and glycogen in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

The anti-diabetic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Heinsia crinata on the activities of hexokinase, glucokinase and phosphosfructokinase, and hepatic glycogen levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was studied. The extract potency was compared with that of a standard anti diabetic drug, glibenclamide. The test dosage (120 mg/kg body weight) administered caused significant reduction (p<0.05) in blood glucose levels 168.66±0.52 mg/dl on day zero to 82.67 ±3.05 mg/dl on the 21st day of the experiment against the rise of glucose levels in the diabetic control (188.06 ± 1.21 to 198.00±0.04 mg/dl). The activities of hexokinase, glucokinase, and phosphofructokinase were significantly reduced in diabetic control as compared to the normal control while the extract and glibenclamide treated resulted to significant recovery of activities for hexokinase (twofold), glucokinase (more than a 100 fold and phosphofructokinate (half of the normal control) without a corresponding increase in glycogen level (P < 0.05) respectively. Phytochemical result of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannins, terpenoids, and anthraquinones in trace amount and saponins in a moderate amount. It appears that the anti diabetic potential of the extract is mediated prominently by its saponin content which acts by stimulating the activities of the key glycolytic enzymes towards an increased flux of glucose for cellular energy utilization rather than glycogen production. In conclusion, aqueous extract of H. crinata is suitable for management of diabetics.
Evaluation of vascular changes in cattle relative to time-off endophyte-infected tall fescue

OF THESIS EVALUATION OF VASCULAR CHANGES IN CATTLE RELATIVE TO TIME-OFF ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED TALL FESCUE Twenty-four steers were grazed on endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected [[Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh]; E+] tall fescue (TF) and exposed to ergot alkaloids for an 106-d grazing period. Cattle were removed from pasture, placed in dry lots, and fed a non-toxic diet to evaluate changes in vascular contraction relative to timeoff E+ TF pasture. Lateral saphenous veins (SV) were biopsied from steers at 0-, 21-, 42-, and 63-d off TF pasture and from 6 control steers at 0and 63-d off bermudagrass (BG) pasture. To evaluate contractile response, biopsied SV were exposed to increasing concentrations of ergotamine in a multimyograph. Cross-sectional scans of the caudal artery were taken using color Doppler ultrasonography on 0-, 8-, 15-, 21-, 29-, 36-, 42-, and 45-d to determine artery luminal area. Contractility of SV was less for TF than BG steers on d 0, but was similar between the two treatments by d 63. Luminal areas of the caudal arteries in E+ TF steers relaxed over time and were similar to BG steers by 36 d off pastures. Results indicated that alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction in cattle grazed on E+ TF can be relaxed in 5 to 6 weeks after they are placed on non-toxic diets.
Antibiotic resistance of Enterococci isolated from raw camel milk in the South West of Algeria

Little information is available on the diversity and distribution of resistance and virulence factors in Enterococci isolated from camel milk. In this study, 33 samples of camel’s milk collected from the south west region of Algeria were analyzed for the presence of Enterococcus spp. Twenty three (23) enterococcal isolates were recovered. These strains were identified by the API 20 STREP and the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacramide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole cell protein at the species level: Enterococcus faecalis (n = 11), Enterococcus faecium (n = 8), Enterococcus avium (n = 2), Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis (n = 1) and Streptococcus uberis (n = 1). Fifteen (15) of the 23 isolates exhibited resistance to at least one of the tested antibiotics and six (6) of these 23 isolates were resistant to two antibiotics. None of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, or gentamicin. Resistance to vancomycin (VAN) was found in three (3) isolates which represent (13%), two E. faecalis, and one E. faecium. Six (26%) of Enterococci isolates were resistant to one of these antibiotics: erythromycin (ERI), tetracycline (TET) and rifampin (RIF). In conclusion, this is the first study to underline the importance of camel milk as a reservoir of Enterococcus spp. carrying resistance to vancomycin. Key words: Camel milk, Enterococcus, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacramide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), antibiotic resistance.
Young Urban Adults' Preferences for Wine Attributes: An Exploratory Study of the Republic of Macedonia Wine Market Applying the Best-Worst Scaling

This work focuses on measuring the importance of the attributes which influence the wine choice of Macedonian young wine consumers when they purchase wine in wine stores. Our goal is to identify significant behavioral differences across genderdemographic subgroups of the sample, in order to give marketers an instrument to develop more efficient marketing strategies. Most marketing researchers use rating scales to understand consumer preferences. These have a range of problems, which can be ameliorated by the use of the new technique, the best-worst scaling (BWS). The objectives of the paper are twofold: first, to explore the preferences and gender differences of Macedonian young urban adults towards wine attributes; and second, to present the best-worst scaling method and to demonstrate its empirical use. A total of 100 Macedonian young consumers between the age of 25 and 34 purchasing wine in wine stores participated in a face-to-face interview preformed in three wine stores in Skopje and one in Bitola. The best-worst scaling method was applied to measure the level of importance to a list of most common attributes used in a choice of wine. The study results shows that young urban adults in their selection of wine give more importance for the wine attributes: type of wine (red/white), brand, grape variety and price. The attributes less preferred were alcohol content, medal/awards and country of origin. Moreover, the study showed that genders differ in their use of wine attributes. Young males prefer more barrel aged wines, while females put more attention to wine type and bottle design.
Comparative Transcriptional Profiling of Contrasting Rice Genotypes Shows Expression Differences during Arsenic Stress

Accumulation of arsenic (As) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain is a serious concern worldwide. Long‐term exposure to As affects nutritional status in rice grain and is associated with higher rates of skin, bladder, and lung cancers, and heart disease. Genotypic variations in rice for As accumulation or tolerance are prevalent and are regulated by genetic and environmental factors. To understand molecular networks involved in As accumulation, genome‐wide expression analysis was performed in roots of low‐ and high‐As accumulating rice genotypes (LARGs and HARGs). Six rice genotypes with contrasting As accumulation potential and tolerance were used in this study. Genome‐wide expression analysis suggested their differential response against As stress. This study suggests up‐ and downregulation of a number of unique genes involved in various pathways and biological processes in response to As stress in rice genotypes. A comparison of gene expression profiles, principal component analysis, and K‐means clustering suggests that an independent pathway is operating during As stress tolerance or accumulation in contrasting genotypes. It was also observed that the differential behavior of aus genotype, Nayanmoni, from other LARGs might be due to its different genetic background. Cis‐motif profiling of As‐induced coexpressed genes in diverse rice genotypes led to the identification of unique cis‐motifs present in differentially expressed genes. This study suggests that the genetic mechanism regulating the differential As accumulation in different genotypes may not be dependent on gene expression at the transcriptional level. However, many genes identified in this study can be analyzed and used for marker–trait associations related to As accumulation in diverse genotypes around the world.
The strong limit of von Neumann subalgebras with conditional expectations

The strong lower limit and the weak upper limit of a net of von Neumann subalgebras on which the conditional expectations exist with respect to a fixed faithful normal state are defined. The limits coincide if and only if the corresponding conditional expectations converge strongly. 1. Preliminaries. Let M be a a-finite von Neumann algebra and (p a faithful normal state on M. By the GNS construction it can be considered that M is acting on a Hilbert space H and there exists a cyclic separating vector 'D E= H with (p(x) = (D I xD) for every x E M. Denote by M* the space of all a-weakly continuous linear functionals on M. That is, M* is the predual of M. For a von Neumann subalgebra N of M, if there exists a projection 8 of norm one from M onto N with (p o 8 = (p ? is called the conditional expectation onto N [3, 6]. 1? . The conditional expectation onto N exists if and only if at(N) = N for every t E R, where { a, } is the modular automorphism group on M with respect to (P. 2? . If the conditional expectation 8 onto N exists, then ? (x)? D = PxD for every x E M, where P is the orthogonal projection of H onto ND. Throughout this paper we fix a net { Na } of von Neumann subalgebras of M and assume that the conditional expectation 8a onto Na exists for each a. The orthogonal projection of H onto Ha = NaD is denoted by Pa. In the recent paper [5] we proved that if { Na } is increasing (resp. decreasing), then the conditional expectation 8 onto VaNa (resp. laNa) exists and 8a(X) --8(x) strongly for every x E M and f 0 -? a f ? E, in norm for everyf E M*. In this paper we shall introduce the notion of the strong limit of { Na } and show that the limit exists if and only if the corresponding {fea } converge strongly. The following are elementary but will be useful below. 30. For any uniformly bounded net { xy } in M and x E M, xy -x strongly (resp. weakly) if and only if x yxD strongly (resp. weakly) in H. 40. Let { Py } be a net of orthogonal projections of H, and P an orthogonal projection of H. For any t E H, if -y* Pt weakly, then it does strongly. Received by the editors January 23, 1984 and, in revised form, July 16, 1984. 1980 Mathena(dtics Subject Classification . Primary 46L10.
Single-crystal X-ray studies of trioctahedral micas coexisting with dioctahedral micas in metamorphic sequences from western Maine

Abstract A crystal-chemical study of thirteen biotite (twelve of 1M polytype and one of 2M1 polytype) and four muscovite samples was made. The biotite coexists with the muscovite. Samples are from metamorphic terranes and from granitic and granodioritic bodies occurring in three areas of western Maine. The metamorphic mineral zones identified by mineral compatibilities are, in order of increasing metamorphic grade: the Lower Sillimanite Zone (LSZ), the Upper Sillimanite Zone (USZ), and the K-feldspar + Sillimanite Zone (K + SZ). The muscovite compositions cluster near ideal muscovite and display a small celadonite substitution and a small, but variable, paragonite substitution. The biotite composition has values of VIMg2+/ VI(Mg2+ + Fe2+) ranging from 0.26 to 0.54 and significant octahedral Al content (0.48 ≤ VIAl ≤ 0.72 apfu in metamorphic biotite samples, 0.51 ≤ VIAl ≤ 0.67 in those from granites). In trioctahedral micas from western Maine and especially in those with graphite, there are a greater number of interlayer vacancies than in common micas. Interlayer vacancies have an increase in interlayer cation-basal oxygen atom distances and a decrease in tetrahedral flattening angle τ, thus suggesting a reduced interlayer charge. With a few exceptions, tetrahedral rotation angle α is related to crystallization temperature. In particular, α decreases with a temperature increase, and α is also related to octahedral chemical substitutions. Results tentatively suggest, for micas from metamorphic environments, a direct influence of genetic parameters (T and fO₂) on mica crystal structure, and not just chemical composition.
A Preliminary Study of the Effects of Personality Traits on Workplace Deviance in the Voluntary Sector

The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate a set of personality traits in relation to workplace deviance among volunteers at one of the Malaysia’s Emergency Relief departments. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with self-reported questionnaire. The participants were 200 volunteers attached to six emergency relief centers in Peninsular Malaysia. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 software. Data analysis procedures; descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted. The findings confirmed the importance of taking personality traits into consideration during the process of recruitment of volunteers to minimize workplace deviance. This study contributes on the crucial role of volunteers’ personality traits that can be an imperative factor to minimize workplace deviance.
Prospects for ecological engineering for planthoppers and other arthropod pests in rice

Though traditional pest management methods such as companion planting, trap cropping, and other forms of polyculture have a long history, it is only in recent years that researchers have attempted to underpin such practices with ecologically driven research. “Ecological engineering” for pest management has emerged from conservation biological control and habitat manipulation and is characterized by being based more comprehensively on ecological theory and by being developed via rigorous experimentation. The process of development typically aims to identify and provide the most functional components of biodiversity, rather that simply increasing diversity in an untargeted fashion. This directed approach to understanding and using agricultural biodiversity is important because there are a number of pitfalls in the simplistic assumption that enhanced biodiversity will suppress pests in a risk-free fashion. Results from a range of studies are presented to show the benefits of the adoption of ecological engineering practices that suppress pests directly or indirectly (i.e., via enhanced natural enemy activity). Strategies are suggested that allow ecological engineering approaches to be integrated with mainstream agriculture. As an example, this chapter considers prospects for the management of tropical rice pests, especially brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). Pest management in this system currently relies heavily on host-plant resistance and synthetic insecticide applications. There is potential for the management of rice pests, including brown planthopper, to be enhanced through the use of ecological engineering to reduce dependence on pesticides and slow the breakdown of host-plant resistance traits.
Analisis Pendapatan dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Usaha Budidaya Tambak Ikan

This study aims to determine how much influence the use of factors of production to the production of fish farms also the amount of income of farmers. The results of the partial test (t-test) showed that the land variable, labor and feed significantly influence while seeds and pharmaceuticals do not give significant influence on the production of aquaculture fish.Based on the results obtained value of F-test F-count of 573 with significant value 0,000, simultantly production of aquaculture fish influanted by the land, labor, seed, feed and pharmaceuticals 97.8%. Based on the regression analysis results obtained the coefficient value of land, labor, seed, feed and pharmaceuticals influence positively the results of aquaculture fish production. the average income received by each fish farmer in the district Tugu every month is Rp 940 342. Suggestions that can be taken based on the results of these findings is the fish farmers who can not increase the land area, therefore the fish farmers can improve feed or labor’s breeding in order to increase production yield, because labor and feed became the dominant variable after land area. In addition Tugu District Government should further contribute to the improvement of the productivity of farmers in terms of skills and technology in way of aquaculture extension, or in terms of capital. And with regard to the existence of pond are pressured by industry and pollution. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh penggunaan faktor produksi terhadap hasil produksi tambak ikan serta besarnya pendapatan petani. Hasil uji secara parsial (uji-t) dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel luas lahan, tenaga kerja dan pakan berpengaruh secara signifikan sedangkan bibit dan obat-obatan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil produksi tambak ikan; variabel obat-obatan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil produksi. Berdasarkan hasil uji-F diperoleh nilai Fhitung sebesar 573 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 secara bersama-sama hasil produksi tambak ikan dipengaruhi oleh luas lahan, tenaga kerja, bibit, pakan dan obat-obatan sebesar 97,8%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi diperoleh nilai koefisien variabel luas lahan, tenaga kerja, bibit, pakan dan obat-obatan berpengaruh secara positif terhadap hasil produksi tambak ikan. Untuk pendapatan rata-rata yang diterima oleh setiap petani tambak ikan di Kecamatan Tugu setiap bulannya sebesar Rp 940.342. Saran yang dapat diambil berdasarkan hasil temuan ini adalah para petani tambak yang tidak memungkinkan meningkatkan luas lahannya maka petani dapat meningkatkan pakan atau tenaga kerja dalam perawatan agar hasil produksi meningkat, karena tenaga kerja dan pakan menjadi variabel yang dominan setelah variabel luas lahan. Selain itu Pemerintah Kecamatan Tugu hendaknya lebih ikut berperan dalam peningkatan produktivitas petani dari segi keterampilan maupun teknologi budidaya tambak dengan cara penyuluhan, ataupun dari segi permodalan. Serta memperhatikan keberadaan lahan tambak yang semakin terdesak oleh industri dan pencemaran.
Iranian EFL Learners' Grammatical Knowledge: Effect of Direct and Metalinguistic Corrective Feedback

The present study was conducted to compare the impact of direct and metalinguistic written corrective feedback on Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical knowledge. The participants were a convenient sample of students in two intact writing classes. The instruction provided in both groups was similar; however, the students in one group received direct feedback and the students in the other group received metalinguistic feedback in the form of error codes on writing accuracy (i.e., grammar, vocabulary, and punctuation) of their in-class written texts. Moreover, all the students took a grammar test serving as pre- and posttests before and after the treatment. In addition to the computation of gain scores, descriptive statistics and a mixed between-within subjects ANOVA were run to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics revealed that the grammatical knowledge of the learners in both groups developed as a result of the two types of feedback; nonetheless, there was not a statistically significant difference between the students’ performance on the grammar test before and after the treatment. Furthermore, although the direct feedback seemed to be more effective in improving grammatical knowledge, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups’ gain scores on the grammar test. Accordingly, it was concluded that either of the feedback types may be employed to effectively develop EFL learners’ knowledge of grammar.
THE VOCAL COMMUNICATION OF SMILES The Vocal Communication of Different Kinds of Smile 1

The present study investigated the vocal communication of naturally occurring smiles. Verbal variation was controlled in the speech of 8 speakers by asking them to repeat the same sentence in response to a set sequence of 17 questions, intended to provoke reactions such as amusement, mild embarrassment, or just a neutral response. After coding for facial expressions, a sample of 64 utterances was chosen to represent Duchenne smiles, non-Duchenne smiles, suppressed smiles and non-smiles. These audio clips were used to test the discrimination skills of 11 listeners, who had to rely on vocal indicators to identify different types of smiles in speech. The study established that listeners can discriminate different smile types and further indicated that listeners utilize prototypical ideals to discern whether a person is smiling. Some acoustical cues appear to be taken by listeners as strong indicators of a smile, regardless of whether the speaker is actually smiling. Further investigations into listeners’ prototypical ideals of vocal expressivity could prove worthwhile for voice synthesizing technology endeavoring to make computersimulations more naturalistic.
Effects of herd, season and days in milk on milk urea nitrogen of crossbred dairy cows in Sylhet

The study included 724 crossbred cows (Local × Holstein Friesian) from 9 dairy farms of Sylhet district from July 2013 to June 2014 to determine the effect of herd, season, and days in milk in milk urea nitrogen and the effect of milk production and composition on milk urea nitrogen. According to the season, milk samples were divided into two groups: wet season (June - October) and dry season (November - February). Days in milk (DIM) were grouped into two lactation stages: Lactation 1 (? 100 days in milk) and Lactation 2 (? 100 days in milk). Milk urea nitrogen was grouped into five categories by increments of 5 mg/dl, started with those less than 10 mg/dl and finishing with concentration greater than 25 mg/dl. The daily milk yield was 6.78 kg ranged from 2.00 to 18.00 kg. The mean of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration was 14.58 mg/dl. Mean values for milk fat and protein contents were 3.74 % and 3.72 %. Among the 9 herds, the highest content of milk urea (MU) was 16.37 mg/dl which was found in herd 2 and the second highest estimation of MU content were in herd 1, 3, 6 and 9 (15.58, 15.51, 15.12 and 14.45 mg/dl, respectively). In the district of Sylhet, the lowest MU content was estimated in herd 4, 5, 7 and 8 (13.59, 13.48, 13.16 and 13.60 mg/dl, respectively). Difference of MUN concentration was not significant between the dry and wet season. The MUN concentrations were 14.82 mg/dl and 14.90 mg/dl in dry and wet season respectively. The concentration of MUN in Lactation 1 was 13.61 mg/dl and in Lactation 2 was 16.26 mg/dl. Milk fat (%) were 3.56, 3.77, 3.64, 4.15 and 3.66 when MUN concentration were ? 10.00, 10.01- 15.00, 15.01-20.00, 20.01-25.00 and ? 24.01 mg/dl respectively. Daily milk yield did not increase with the increase of MUN concentration. Milk yield were 6.37, 7.21, 6.23, 7.31 and 7.00 Kg/d while MUN concentration were ? 10.00, 10.01-15.00, 15.01-20.00, 20.01-25.00 and ? 25.01 mg/dl. It may be concluded that herd category and lactation stage influence the milk urea nitrogen concentration of crossbred dairy cows in the Sylhet district. Res. Agric. , Livest. Fish.2(2): 287-292, August 2015
Taking Stock: Integrating and Differentiating Multiple Proactive Behaviors

The authors aimed to clarify the similarities, differences, and interrelationships among multiple types of proactive behavior. Factor analyses of managers’ self-ratings (N = 622) showed concepts were distinct from each other but related via a higher-order structure. Three higher-order proactive behavior categories were identified—proactive work behavior, proactive strategic behavior, and proactive person-environment fit behavior—each corresponding to behaviors aimed at bringing about change in the internal organization (e.g., voice), the fit between the organization and its environment (e.g., issue selling), and the fit between the individual and the organization (e.g., feedback seeking), respectively. Further analyses on a subsample (n = 319) showed similarities and differences in the antecedents of these behaviors.