Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of fentanyl on the incidence of emergence agitation in children receiving desflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia

Background and objective: In children, emergence agitation frequently complicates sevoflurane and desflurane anaesthesia. The effect of intravenous fentanyl 2.5 μg kg−1 was examined on the incidence of emergence agitation in children who received desflurane or sevoflurane after midazolam premedication and intravenous thiopental induction. Methods: One hundred and twenty children (2-7 yr) undergoing adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy, or both, were studied. All children were premedicated orally with midazolam 0.5 mg kg−1. After intravenous induction with thiopental and atracurium to facilitate endotracheal intubation, patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Patients in Groups 1 and 3 received physiological saline solution, whereas patients in Groups 2 and 4 received intravenous fentanyl 2.5 μg kg−1 during induction. Anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in Groups 1 and 2 and with desflurane in Groups 3 and 4. After discontinuation of the volatile anaesthetic, the times to tracheal extubation and response to verbal stimuli (emergence time), and emergence behaviours were recorded. Results: The time to tracheal extubation was significantly shorter in Groups 3 (5.2 ± 1.7 min) and 4 (6.4 ± 2.1 min) than in Groups 1 (8.1 ± 2.1 min) (P = 0.0001 and 0.006, respectively) and 2 (8.8 ± 1.9 min) (P = 0.0001). The emergence time was significantly shorter in Group 3 (10.0 ± 3.9 min) than in Groups 1 (13.8 ± 4.9 min) (P = 0.017) and 2 (14.9 ± 4.1 min) (P = 0.003). The incidence rate of severe agitation was 13% in Groups 1 and 3, and 7 and 10% in Groups 2 and 4, respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusions: After midazolam premedication and intravenous induction of anaesthesia with thiopental, administration of intravenous fentanyl 2.5 μg kg−1 did not provide any clinically significant benefit on emergence agitation in children who receive sevoflurane or desflurane anaesthesia.
Pinealectomy increases oxidant damage in kidney and testis caused by hyperthyroidism in rats

Thyroid hormones regulate energy metabolism and act on mitochondria which are an important source of free radicals in the cell. The pineal gland activates antioxidant systems via melatonin secretion and thus has a protective function in body tissues. The present study was conducted to determine the oxidative damage caused by hyperthyroidism in kidney and testis tissues of pinealectomized rats. Experimental animals were allocated to three groups: 1, control group; 2, sham pinealectomy‐hyperthyroidic group; and 3, pinealectomy‐hyperthyroidic group. Hyperthyroidism was induced by A 3‐week intraperitoneal administration of thyroxin after sham pinealectomy or pinealectomy. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in kidney and testis tissues. MDA levels of the kidney and testis tissue in the pinealectomy and hyperthyroidic groups were significantly higher than those in the sham pinealectomy‐hyperthyroidic group and the control group (p < 0.001). GSH levels of both kidney and testis tissues were significantly higher in the sham‐pinealectomy‐hyperthyroidic group when compared to the other two groups (p < 0.001). This increase in GSH levels was more evident in the pinealectomy‐hyperthyroidic group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The results of our study demonstrate that MDA and GSH levels in kidney and testis tissues increased due to hyperthyroidism and that pinealectomy made the increase in MDA levels more apparent, while decreasing GSH levels. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spirometry avaliation of children and teenagers with hearing impairment

Objective: this study analyzed the spirometric values in children and adolescents with hearing losscompared with the spirometric variables of a control group, and quantify the respiratory changes made on13 volunteers? deficient group. Methods: It employed the Student t test for independent samples and wasconsidered the level ? of 5%. The volunteers were diagnosed with hearing loss from moderate toprofound. Participants with disabilities were evaluated by means of a form containing data regarding theclinical history to verify that they met the inclusion criteria of the study. The spirometry was performedwith the use of a nose clip, demonstrations and encouraging voice in running the test. The valuesmeasured were vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1), Tiffenau index (FEV1/FVC), FEFmax (FEF max), mean forced expiratory flow ( FEF 25% -75%) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Results: statistically significant reduction of FEFmax(p ? 0.05) of the hearing impaired group compared with the control group. For most spirometricparameters evaluated did not differ between groups. Conclusion: There is a relationship between hearingloss and spirometric parameters in children and adolescents, as 30.8% of the results obtained from theseparticipants were biased standards obstructive, restrictive and moderate obstructive moderate. Objetivo: esta pesquisa analisou os parâmetros espirometricos em criancas e adolescentes comdeficiencia auditiva comparando-os com as variaveis espirometricas de um grupo controle, bem comoquantificar os disturbios ventilatorios apresentados em 13 voluntarios do grupo deficiente. Metodo: foiempregado o teste t de Student para amostras independentes sendo considerado o nivel ? de 5%. Osvoluntarios apresentaram diagnostico de deficiencia auditiva moderada a profunda e foram avaliados pormeio de uma ficha de avaliacao para verificar se cumpriam os criterios de inclusao do estudo. Foirealizado exame espirometrico com a utilizacao de clipe nasal, demonstracoes e incentivo vocal naexecucao do teste. Foram mensurados os valores de Capacidade Vital (CV), Capacidade Vital Forcada(CVF), Volume expiratorio forcado de primeiro segundo (VEF1), Indice de Tiffenau (VEF1/CVF),FEFmax (fluxo expiratorio forcado maximo), Fluxo medio expiratorio forcado (FEF 25%-75%) e Ventilacaovoluntaria maxima (VVM). Resultados: reducao estatisticamente significante do FEFmax (p ? 0,05) dogrupo deficiente auditivo quando comparado ao grupo controle. Para a maioria dos parâmetrosespirometricos avaliados nao houve diferenca entre os grupos. Conclusao: ha uma relacao entre adeficiencia auditiva e os parâmetros espirometricos de criancas e adolescentes, pois 30,8% dos resultadosobtidos por estes participantes mostraram-se tendenciosos aos padroes obstrutivo, obstrutivo moderado erestritivo moderado.
The impact of leadership styles on nurses' satisfaction and intention to stay among Saudi nurses.

AIM To examine the impact of leadership styles of nurse managers on Saudi nurses' job satisfaction and their intent to stay at work. BACKGROUND Increasing nurses' satisfaction is one of the key elements in meeting challenges of quality outcomes, patient satisfaction and retention of staff nurses in hospitals. METHODS This study used a descriptive correlational design. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X), Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), the McCain's Intent to Stay Scale and a demographic form were used to collect the data from a convenience sample of 308 Saudi nurses. RESULTS Saudi nurses were moderately satisfied in their jobs. In addition, nurses were more satisfied with leaders who demonstrated transformational leadership styles, and those who were more satisfied with their jobs intended to say at work. The background variables, the transformational leadership style and the transactional style explained 32% of the variation in job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study emphasized the importance of transformational leadership, which indicates the need for further attention to training and development of effective leadership behaviours. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse administrators in Saudi Arabia should capitalize on the importance of transformational leadership style in enhancing the level of job satisfaction.
Phylogeographic differentiation in the mitochondrial control region in the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss 1817)

The koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, is a geographically widespread species endemic to Australia, with three currently recognized subspecies: P.c. adustus, P.c. cinereus, and P.c. victor. Intraspecific variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was examined in over 200 animals from 16 representative populations throughout the species’ range. Eighteen different haplotypes were defined in the ≈ 860 bp mtDNA control region, as determined by heteroduplex analysis/temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (HDA/TGGE). Any single population typically possessed only one or two haplotypes yielding an average within‐population haplotypic diversity of 0.180 ± 0.003, and nucleotide diversity of 0.16%. Overall, mtDNA control region sequence diversity between populations averaged 0.67%, and ranged from 0% to 1.56%. Nucleotide divergence between populations averaged 0.51%, and ranged from 0% to 1.53%. Neighbour‐joining methods revealed limited phylogenetic distinction between geographically distant populations of koalas, and tentative support for a single evolutionarily significant unit (ESU). This is consistent with previous suggestions that the morphological differences formalized by subspecific taxonomy may be interpreted as clinal variation. Significant differentiation in mtDNA‐haplotype frequencies between localities suggested that little gene flow currently exists among populations. When combined with microsatellite analysis, which has revealed substantial differentiation among koala populations, we conclude that the appropriate short‐term management unit (MU) for koalas is the local population.
Systematic Exploration of the Glycoproteome of the Beneficial Gut Isolate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

Glycoproteins form an interesting class of macromolecules involved in bacterial-host interactions, but they are not yet widely explored in Gram-positive and beneficial species. Here, an integrated and widely applicable approach was followed to identify putative bacterial glycoproteins, combining proteome fractionation with 2D protein and glycostained gels and lectin blots. This approach was validated for the microbiota isolate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The approach resulted in a list of putative glycosylated proteins receiving a ‘glycosylation score'. Ultimately, we could identify 41 unique glycosylated proteins in L. rhamnosus GG (6 top-confidence, 10 high-confidence and 25 putative hits; classification based on glycosylation score). Most glycoproteins are associated with the cell wall and membrane. Identified glycoproteins include proteins involved in transport, translation, and sugar metabolism processes. A robust screening resulted in a comprehensive mapping of glycoproteins in L. rhamnosus GG. Our results reflect the glycosylation of sugar metabolism enzymes, transporters, and other proteins crucial for cell physiology. We hypothesize that protein glycosylation can confer an extra level of regulation, for example by affecting enzyme functions. This is the first systematic study of the glycoproteome of a probiotic and beneficial gut isolate.
Polska adaptacja Skali Wymiarów Rozwoju Tożsamości (DIDS)

Artykul prezentuje sformulowaną w ostatnich latach przez badaczy z Uniwersytetu Katolickiego w Leuven w Belgii teorie Podwojnego Cyklu Formowania sie Tozsamości (Dual-Cycle Model of Identity Formation) oraz narzedzie stworzone w celu weryfikacji zalozen tej koncepcji – Skale Wymiarow Rozwoju Tozsamości (Dimensions of Identity Development Scale; DIDS). Dokonano przeglądu wynikow badan zrealizowanych z zastosowaniem skali DIDS oraz zaprezentowano proces powstania samego narzedzia. Skala DIDS jest aktualnie adaptowana do polskich warunkow. Przedstawiono doniesienia na temat dotychczasowego przebiegu procesu adaptacji oraz wskaźniki wartości psychometrycznej narzedzia.
Persistent latent tuberculosis reactivation risk in United States immigrants.

RATIONALE Current guidelines limit latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) evaluation to persons in the United States less than or equal to 5 years based on the assumption that high TB rates among recent entrants are attributable to high LTBI reactivation risk, which declines over time. We hypothesized that high postarrival TB rates may instead be caused by imported active TB. OBJECTIVES Estimate reactivation and imported TB in an immigrant cohort. METHODS We linked preimmigration records from a cohort of California-bound Filipino immigrants during 2001-2010 with subsequent TB reports. TB was likely LTBI reactivation if the immigrant had no evidence of active TB at preimmigration examination, likely imported if preimmigration radiograph was abnormal and TB was reported less than or equal to 6 months after arrival, and likely reactivation of inactive TB if radiograph was abnormal but TB was reported more than 6 months after arrival. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 123,114 immigrants, 793 TB cases were reported. Within 1 year of preimmigration examination, 85% of TB was imported; 6 and 9% were reactivation of LTBI and inactive TB, respectively. Conversely, during Years 2-9 after U.S. entry, 76 and 24% were reactivation of LTBI and inactive TB, respectively. The rate of LTBI reactivation (32 per 100,000) did not decline during Years 1-9. CONCLUSIONS High postarrival TB rates were caused by detection of imported TB through active postarrival surveillance. Among immigrants without active TB at baseline, reported TB did not decline over 9 years, indicating sustained high risk of LTBI reactivation. Revised guidelines should support LTBI screening and treatment more than 5 years after U.S. arrival.
Residual Plasma Viraemia and Infectious HIV-1 Recovery from Resting Memory CD4 Cells in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: Results from ACTG A5173

Background In HIV-1-infected patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART), the relationship between residual viraemia and ex vivo recovery of infectious virus from latently infected CD4 cells is uncertain. Methods We measured residual viraemia (HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) by single-copy assay (SCA) and the latent reservoir by infectious virus recovery from resting memory CD4 cells (infectious units per million cells [IUPM]) in patients who initiated ART. We assessed immune activation by measuring CD38 expression on T-cells. Results Ten patients who initiated ART and maintained a plasma HIV-1 RNA level <200 copies/ml had residual viraemia and IUPM measured every 24 weeks. Five of 10 patients had longitudinal IUPM measured at weeks 24–96; the remainder had IUPM measured 1–3 times over 24–72 weeks. Analyses of 29 paired measurements revealed a positive association between level of residual viraemia and IUPM (0.56 higher log10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml per 1 log10 higher IUPM; P=0.005). Residual viraemia level was positively associated with CD38 density and percentage on CD8+ T-cells in concurrent samples and with pre-ART HIV-1 RNA levels. Conclusions In patients with HIV-1 RNA levels <200 copies/ml 24–96 weeks after initiating ART, the level of viraemia is positively associated with infectious virus recovery from resting memory CD4 cells. Whether this association persists after longer-term suppressive ART needs to be determined. If additional studies show that residual viraemia measured by SCA refects the size of the latent reservoir in patients who have had virological suppression for longer periods of time, this could facilitate testing of potentially curative strategies to reduce this important reservoir.
A prospective randomized double blind Study of the effects of caudal clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in paediatric patients undergoing subumblical surgery.

In this study, we compared the analgesic efficacy and safety of caudal dexmedetomidine and clonidine added to caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing subumblical surgeries.90 patients aged 1 to 8 years scheduled for subumblical surgeries were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 patients each. Group A received 1ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine 2μg/Kg in normal saline 1 ml. Group B received 1ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with clonidine 2μg/Kg in normal saline 1 ml and Group C received 1ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with normal saline 1ml. All the patients in our study remained hemodynamically stable throughout the intraoperative and postoperative period. Addition of either dexmedetomidine 2μg/kg or clonidine 2μg/kg to 0.25% caudal bupivacaine significantly prolonged the postoperative analgesia time without increasing the incidence of side effects like nausea, vomiting, pruritis or urinary retention. Moreover dexmedetomidine did not offer significant advantage over clonidine as regards the duration of postoperative analgesia.
Retinoic acid differentiation of HL-60 cells promotes cytoskeletal polarization.

Retinoic acid (RA) treatment of HL-60 cells in vitro induces granulocytic differentiation, involving reorganization of the nucleus and cytoplasm, development of chemoattractant-directed migration, and eventual apoptosis. The present studies with HL-60/S4 cells document that major elements of the cytoskeleton are changed: actin increases by 50%; vimentin decreases by more than 95%. The cellular content of alpha-tubulin does not significantly change; but the centrosomal-microtubule (MT) array moves away from the lobulating nucleus. Cytoskeletal-modifying chemicals modulate this polarized reorganization: Taxol and cytochalasin D enhance centrosome movement; nocodazole reverses it. Cytoskeletal-modifying chemicals do not appear to affect nuclear lobulation or the integrity of envelope-limited chromatin sheets (ELCS). Employing bcl-2-overexpressing HL-60 cells permitted demonstration of nuclear lobulation, ELCS formation, and centrosome-MT movement concomitantly during RA-induced differentiation, implying independence between the cellular reorganization and apoptotic programs. RA appears to promote an inherent potential in HL-60 cells for cytoskeletal polarization, likely to be important for chemoattractant-directed cell migration, an established characteristic of mature granulocytes.
Discretization of Stationary Solutions of SPDE's by External Approximation in Space and Time

We consider a stochastic partial differential equation with additive noise satisfying a strong dissipativity condition for the nonlinear term such that this equation has a random fixed point. The goal of this article is to approximate this fixed point by space and space-time discretizations of a stochastic differential equation or more precisely, a conjugate random partial differential equation. For these discretizations external schemes are used. We show the convergence of the random fixed points of the space and space-time discretizations to the random fixed point of the original partial differential equation.
Detection of movement intention from single-trial movement-related cortical potentials

Detection of movement intention from neural signals combined with assistive technologies may be used for effective neurofeedback in rehabilitation. In order to promote plasticity, a causal relation between intended actions (detected for example from the EEG) and the corresponding feedback should be established. This requires reliable detection of motor intentions. In this study, we propose a method to detect movements from EEG with limited latency. In a self-paced asynchronous BCI paradigm, the initial negative phase of the movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs), extracted from multi-channel scalp EEG was used to detect motor execution/imagination in healthy subjects and stroke patients. For MRCP detection, it was demonstrated that a new optimized spatial filtering technique led to better accuracy than a large Laplacian spatial filter and common spatial pattern. With the optimized spatial filter, the true positive rate (TPR) for detection of movement execution in healthy subjects (n = 15) was 82.5 ± 7.8%, with latency of −66.6 ± 121 ms. Although TPR decreased with motor imagination in healthy subject (n = 10, 64.5 ± 5.33%) and with attempted movements in stroke patients (n = 5, 55.01 ± 12.01%), the results are promising for the application of this approach to provide patient-driven real-time neurofeedback.
Immunohistological localisation of human FAT1 (hFAT) protein in 326 breast cancers. Does this adhesion molecule have a role in pathogenesis?

Aims: To examine the immunohistological expression in human breast cancers of human FAT1 (hFAT) protein, a recently described member of the cadherin superfamily, and its correlation with histological type and grade. Methods: A total of 326 cases of invasive and in situ breast cancer representing a broad spectrum of histological subtypes were immunostained with affinity‐purified rabbit antibodies produced to the cytoplasmic region of hFAT using a standard avidin–biotin system. Staining intensity was arbitrarily graded on a scale of 0 to 3. Results: All tumours showed diffuse staining for hFAT. Immunoexpression of the protein was generally strong in both lobular (LCIS, n = 2) and ductal in situ carcinoma (DCIS, n = 55). hFAT was also strongly immunoexpressed in all types of invasive carcinoma. Grade 3 DCIS displayed the highest hFAT intensity compared with lower grade tumours, with significant differences between grade 1 and 3 (p = 0.015) and grade 2 and 3 (p = 0.047). With invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 128) the difference was not as clear‐cut, as most tumours showed moderate (n = 63) or strong staining (n = 49), although grade 3 IDC revealed significantly decreased immunoexpression compared with grade 1 IDC (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The results illustrate that hFAT1 does not display the pattern of expression seen with the E‐cadherin–&bgr;‐catenin adhesion complex; however, its over‐expression and diffuse expression in both in situ and invasive carcinoma strongly suggests a role in carcinogenesis. From the known functions of FAT1 it is suggested that the concurrent loss of classical cadherins from cell‐cell junctions accompanied by increased FAT1 expression contributes to loss of duct formation, and increased cell migration and invasion.
Traction inverters in hybrid electric vehicles

Traction inverters are of critical importance in the propulsion systems of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This paper focuses on major design aspects of HEV traction inverters comparing different types of the existing inverter topologies, reviewing the power specifications in commercialized hybrid electric vehicles, and discussing the advanced power module packaging technology. In addition, related applications of the wide bandgap power devices are reviewed. This paper also gives the overall overview of the current traction inverters and future trends for automotive applications.
Incorporation of carbon atoms from glucose into free amino acids in brain under normal and altered conditions.

The time course of entry of radioactive carbon from intravenously administered [U-14C]-glucose into free amino acids in the brains of rats has been studied using an automatic amino acid analyzer coupled through a flow cell with a scintillation counter. Radioactivity appeared rapidly in alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid as previously shown, and in an unknown ninhydrin-positive substance present in very small amount. Urea, serine, and glycine became slightly radioactive. Four hours after giving the radioactive glucose, the specific activity in all soluble substances was low. In pentobarbital anesthesia, specific radioactivity was increased in alanine and decreased in γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic and glutamic acids, and glutamine. A high proportion of radioactivity remained in glucose. Under hypoxia, alanine increased in amount but decreased in specific activity, and the specific activities of the other strongly labelled amino acids decreased. The proportion of the to.