Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital heritage material preservation in Botswana: problems and prospects

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of the baseline study on the state of digital heritage material preservation in Botswana.Design/methodology/approach – The study was part of a three‐country United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Digital Heritage Preservation Project on the state of digital material preservation in Africa involving Botswana, Ethiopia and South Africa. The study uses the survey method consisting of various components data collection strategies including field work, document research, observations and the holding of a national consultative seminar an additional data input tool. The field study involved visiting 26 institutions that were identified as having the actual or potential of managing heritage materials in the country. Two other categories of institutions that were surveyed included the service providers of digitisation systems in the country.Findings – Findings revealed weak policy formulation on digitization both at t.
Business Statistics: Contemporary Decision Making

The text is not written for those students who will become statisticians; it is written for future decision makers in business. The focus and goal is to make students better quantitative decision makers. The concepts of statistics are presented in the setting of business decision making through the use of many real world examples, real business data and applications. Student Study Guide: Designed to be used alongside the text book, this invaluable step-by-step study guide walks students through the text as they read it and work problems while supporting the decision making approach.
A PARAMETRIC APPROACH TO COMPARATIVE SYNTAX: PROPERTIES OF THE PRONOMINAL SYSTEM

Much current work in theoretical linguistics focusses on the study of linguistic invariants. What are the universal properties of human language? What limits exist on the possible cross-linguistic variation? These questions are particularly urgent if we are interested in the study of language as a species-specific cognitive capacity, its innate basis, its growth in the mind during childhood. Over the last fifteen years or so, these concerns have lead generative grammar to adopt a comparative perspective and to elaborate a restrictive model of cross-linguistic variation. The key concept is the concept of Universal Grammar (UG) (Chomsky (1981, 1986)). It can be defined as a precise characterization of the notion possible human language, hence a theory of linguistic invariance. It can also be defined more perspicuously as the model of a cognitive capacity. We can think of UG as an abstract representation of the initial cognitive state of the language learner, the state of the mind when acquisition starts. We can also define UG from the viewpoint of the adult knowledge of language, and think of UG as the theory of the predetermined structure of the adult linguistic knowledge, i.e. the structural
Sensory fusion: integrating visual and auditory information for recognizing speech

A straightforward method of combining information from separate sources for pattern recognition is reported. Conditional class probabilities are computed for each channel independently, using a special network architecture. These probabilities are then combined according to Bayes' rule under the assumption of conditional independence. This method does not require any parameters other than those used to model each modality individually, is simple to compute, and automatically compensates for differences between the two channels. It is argued that this method can be a good starting point, even if conditional independence does not hold, especially when limited training data is available. Experiments in recognizing phonemes from acoustic and visual inputs indicate that this method can outperform more powerful models, and that is exhibits behavior similar to humans. <<ETX>>
Contractile properties of the tongue's genioglossus muscle and motor units in the rat

The contractile characteristics of individual mammalian tongue muscles have rarely been investigated, in contrast to spinal cord‐innervated and extraocular muscles. Therefore, whole muscle and motor unit contractile forces, plus muscle fiber types, were studied in the genioglossus, the major protrusor muscle, of the rat tongue. The muscle, exclusively composed of fast‐contracting units, could be activated from rostroventral hypoglossal nucleus sites only. The following figures represent the means of the contractile measures. Whole muscle twitch tension was 7.02 g, contraction time was 14.22 ms, fusion frequency was 104 Hz, maximum tetanic tension was 37.22 g, and fatigue index was 0.72. Single motor unit twitch tension was 45.9 mg, contraction time was 11.7 ms, fusion frequency was 94.8 Hz, maximum tetanic tension was 241.95 mg, and fatigue index was 0.68. The genioglossus muscle appeared qualitatively similar to the rat styloglossus muscle, one of the two major retractor muscles of the tongue. The delineation of motor unit contractile characteristics in tongue muscle is important in our understanding of the control of tongue movement. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 23: 416–425, 2000
Markerless Visual Servo Control of a Micro Helicopter with a Wireless Camera

In this paper, the authors present a markerless vision-based estimation and control algorithm for a micro helicopter with a wireless camera. The camera looks downward, and it captures an image of the ground at each time step. The proposed algorithm consists of vision-based estimation and switched control. The 3D location and posture of the helicopter are estimated by using template matching with automatic reference generation. The proposed algorithm also detects noisy images that are sometimes captured by the camera. The control signals are produced by a set of PID controllers if the current captured image is noiseless, and otherwise by a set of integral controllers. Long-time hovering is achieved over a high contrast and planar ground. No specified markers or prior texture information are required.
The Fate of Phonemic Awareness Beyond the Elementary School Years

Metaphonological sensitivity to the component sounds of spoken words has been shown to develop in conjunction with alphabetic literacy. It is generally presumed that skilled readers possess and display a high degree of phonemic awareness. Data are presented that challenge this claim and indicate that many mature readers are unexpectedly inaccurate on phonemic awareness tasks. Alternative hypotheses about the nature and development of phonemic sensitivity in children and adults are considered. Implications for teacher training are also discussed.
Analyzing Translation studies with scientometric data: from CIRIN to citation analysis

Several singular features make Translation studies (TS) an intriguing object of study. Empirical investigation into a discipline is conveniently conducted on research production, and scientometrics is a germane tool for such endeavors. This paper traces the origins of scientometric investigation in TS, reports on its short history and recent developments, inter alia in China, discusses technical issues around its use in a relatively small and fragmented set of publications with insufficient bibliographical coverage so far, and concludes with a section on the use of scientometrics for the training of young researchers.
Flexible delivery in the Australian vocational education and training sector: Barriers to success identified in case studies of four adult learners

Government policy in Australia is increasingly encouraging training organisations in the Vocational Education and Training (VET) sector to adopt flexible delivery approaches, but some researchers are sounding a note of caution. Evidence is emerging that Australian VET learners are not universally ready for flexible delivery, and this is reflected in high attrition rates and low pass rates. The literature on flexible delivery identifies a number of specific factors that can impact on the success of adult learners. However, there seems to be agreement that failure or dropout is not determined by a single factor, but by the interaction of a number of factors that build up over time. To understand these factors, we need to understand the learners – what their participation in education means to them, the context in which they are studying, and the numerous inter‐connected factors that contribute to their failure to achieve a successful outcome. This paper discusses four case studies from a research project that followed up a small number of adult learners who enrolled in flexible delivery VET courses but did not achieve a successful outcome.
A review of discriminant analysis in high dimensions

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is among the most classical classification techniques, while it continues to be a popular and important classifier in practice. However, the advancement of science and technology brings the new challenge of high‐dimensional datasets, where the dimension can be in thousands. In such datasets, LDA is inapplicable. Recently, statisticians have devoted many efforts to creating high‐dimensional LDA methods. These methods typically perform variable selection via regularization techniques. Various theoretical results, algorithms, and empirical results support the application of these methods. In this review, we provide a brief description of difficulties in extending LDA and present some successful proposals. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:190–197. doi: 10.1002/wics.1257
Ultrasonic evaluation of the heart

Purpose of reviewTo discuss the role of echocardiography for the hemodynamic evaluation of critically ill patients. Recent findingsIn addition to its crucial role in evaluating heart abnormalities as in the classical cardiological approach, echocardiography is now frequently used by intensivists for noninvasive hemodynamic evaluation of the critically ill patient. Using echocardiography, it is possible to measure cardiac output, intravascular pressures and volumes, systolic and diastolic function of both ventricles, and preload responsiveness. This not only allows characterization of the precise nature of hemodynamic alterations in patients with circulatory and respiratory failure, but also provides guidance for hemodynamic optimization and optimization of ventilatory settings. There are now many data showing how echocardiography can be useful in detecting otherwise unrecognized myocardial depression in sepsis and right ventricular dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients. The main limitation of echocardiography for hemodynamic monitoring is its intermittent nature. Hence, echocardiography is often combined with other monitoring devices, allowing continuous measurement of flow and triggering new echocardiographic evaluations. SummaryEchocardiography has now become an important tool for hemodynamic evaluation of the critically ill patient. Echocardiography should be performed in most patients with circulatory and respiratory failure.
The e-Duke Scholarly Collection: e-book v. print use

Purpose – The aim of this study is to compare print and e-book use for identical titles in the e-Duke Scholarly Collection (e-DSC) from 2011 to 2013 to determine format preference for a discrete collection of titles in humanities and social sciences. Design/methodology/approach – Use statistics for the e-DSC were downloaded from the e-book platform by title and call number to determine use by title and subject. Circulation statistics were culled from the library’s integrated library system for the same titles to compare e-book use to that of the same print title. Findings – Although e-books had a high number of titles with use as a per cent of the collection, examination of substantive use shows a slight preference for print. While 73 per cent of the e-books garnered enough interest to click on them, only 12 per cent had substantive use. Research limitations/implications – The e-DSC changed platforms in December 2013. The new platform does not require users to create an account to download e-book sections.
Language Learning through Computer Adventure Games

This article is concerned with the use of computer adventure games for the development of communicative fluency in language learners. The author concentrates on student-centered activities focused on the cooperative learning approach, where the teacher is seen more as a facilitator than as an instructor. The major issue addressed is how an investigation of what makes computer games fun can offer an interesting new light on what will motivate a student to learn.
Portal venous variations: Prevalence with contrast-enhanced helical CT

Purpose: To review the distribution of intrahepatic portal venous branching in order to determine the prevalence of variations. Material and Methods: We made a retrospective review of 655 contrast-enhanced helical CT (CECT) images of patients referred to our department for upper abdominal CT examination during an 8-month period. Of the 655 patients, 70 were eliminated from the study because of improper opacification of the portal venous system. Variations of portal venous branching in the remaining 585 patients were classified. Results: Of 585 patients, 504 (86.2%) had classical bifurcation of the main portal vein (MPV); 72 (12.3%) had a trifurcation of the MPV, 5 (0.9%) had a right anterior segmental branch originating from the left portal vein (LPV), 2 (0.3%) had an LPV originating from the right anterior segmental branch and 2 (0.3%) had a right posterior segmental branch arising from the MPV. Conclusion: Variations of portal venous branching are common and helical CT is efficacious in identifying these variations.
Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice an Mda-based Approach for Database Re-engineering

SUMMARY This article presents the technical and functional descriptions of a tool specifically designed for database re-engineering. As is well known, re-engineering is the process of (1) applying reverse engineering to a software product to obtain higher-level specifications and (2) using these specifications as the starting point for the development of a new version of the system. Thus, the complete process can be seen as a sequence of transformation functions that operate on the different sets involved in the whole process. The starting point of the re-engineering process is the physical schema of the database which is translated into a vendor-independent metamodel (the logical schema) and then translated into a class diagram representing a possible conceptual schema of the database. This diagram is then taken as the starting point for the code generation process, which produces an executable application for four possible different platforms.
Minimum Color Problems and Shared Risk Resource Group in Multilayer Networks

Failure resilience is a desired feature of the Internet. Most traditional restoration architectures assume single-failure assumption, which is not adequate in present day multilayer networks. Multiple link failure models, in the form of Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLG’s), Shared Risk Node Groups (SRNG’s), and more generally shared risk resource groups (SRRG), are becoming critical in survivable optical network design. We develop techniques for the minimum color path problem to tolerate multiple failures arising from a shared resource group failure. We also study the minimum color st-cut problem that we prove NP-complete and hard to approximate. We also provide ecient MILP formulation and heuristic algorithms for it.
Publication & citation patterns in the literature of a high metabolism area: The case of superconductivity in 1970

From an analysis of bibliographic data on 255 randomly chosen documents on superconductivity (1969-1970) and the citations to them in the international literature over the twelve- year period 1970-1981, we have attempted to identify the geographical origin, language, and journal-wise distributions of the papers, the citedness of these papers and the distribution of citations as a time series for the more often cited papers. We have also verified some of our conclusions based on publication data alone by checking with an analysis of the 1479 supercon ductivity documents covered in Physics Abstracts 1981. English is the lingua franca of superconductivity research. Not only was more than 85% of the 251 non-patent publications in our 1970 sample in English, but even among the 10% in Russian most became available in English translation soon after their original publication. The United States of America, the Soviet Union and Japan led the field with at least 101, 32 and 20 publications respectively; however, not one of the papers from the USSR and Japan could win more than 24 citations in the 12-year period following its publication, whereas at least 22 US papers were cited 25 times or more. In all, the 251 non-patent papers received 2526 citations for an average of about 10 citations per paper. There were 63 papers which were not cited even once; at the other extreme, 3 papers were cited more than 100 times each and 20 papers received between 30 and 100 citations. The distribution of the citations to the 23 highly cited (at least 30 times in 12 years) papers as a time series shows a distinct pattern of an initial stage of rapid rise in citations per year followed by a plateau and a subsequent decline. With a larger sample, we believe that it should be possible to discern sciento metrically valuable patterns in the time series data on citation distributions. The limited data that we have corroborate the point made by Narin, Frame and Carpenter that Soviet papers published in Soviet journals are predominantly quoted in Soviet journals and papers written by Soviet authors, but published in non-Soviet journals, are quoted largely in non-Soviet journals.
High-speed GaAs operational amplifier

An operational amplifier has been designed and fabricated using GaAs MESFETs. This amplifier is a general-purpose monolithic GaAs op amp designed as as a stand-alone component. The amplifier has a differential input, an open-loop gain in excess of 60 dB, and is internally compensated. The high open-loop gain (60 dB at 100 kHz) was achieved by using gain stages with positive feedback. The op amp incorporates a current-mirror level-shifting stage which allows the op amp to operate over a wide power-supply range (/spl plusmn/5-9 V). Previous designs have diodes to achieve level shifting, a practice that precludes operation over a wide supply range. This op amp is a true analog to its silicon counterparts, but it has a higher gain-bandwidth product.
Building course cohesion: the use of online forums in distance Chinese language learning

This paper examines a sample of online discussion data from the course forum for the large-scale beginners' Chinese course offered by the UK Open University. This forum is open to all registered students, their participation is completely voluntary and they (rather than tutors) initiate communications. The aim of this study is (i) to seek to establish the nature, patterns of use and functions of forums amongst distance language learners of beginners' Chinese; (ii) to provide a greater understanding of the role and the significance of learner participation in online forums, and how forums contribute towards Chinese language learning and (iii) to offer a fresh perspective on the understanding of distant Chinese language learning experience, involving a relatively under-reported group of learners. Quantitative data collected from questionnaires and qualitative data from interviews were analysed together with the routine forum data. The analysis indicates that most students had a very positive experience of the forum. The sense of belonging to a group with the same shared goal of learning Chinese helped them deal with the challenges of learning Chinese. They perceived the online discussion forum as a virtual meeting place where they could find support and help, and where they could share their learning experiences, resources, difficulties and frustrations as well as sense of achievement. The analysis also shows that the forum played a very important role in creating course cohesion, supporting the learning of Chinese and making the learning process enjoyable and fun.
Research on method of remote sensing data quality contrast among different quantization levels

Quantization must be taken in the process of data digitization and storage. Remote sensing data use different quantization levels in the process of gathering and storage. Remote sensing data is always compared with other data to decide whether its quality is good or bad, using many quality indexes. But these quality indexes cannot be used directly when the data is compared with other data using different quantization levels. This paper analyses how data quality indexes are affected when quantization level changes, then tests and verifies the result using some experimental data, and puts forward a method remote sensing data quality contrast between different quantization levels based on conversion of quantization level. Key words—Remote sensing data quality, quantization level, quality contrast
Good Agreement Between Parents and Physician in the Assessment of Ear Discharge in Children

Physicians often rely on parental observation of ear discharge in the follow-up after its treatment, but little is known about the reliability of this assessment. Follow-up data of trial participants treated for acute or chronic ear discharge showed a good agreement between parents’ and physician’s assessment, with high positive predictive values, but lower negative predictive values.
The Japanese mental lexicon : The lexical retrieval and representation of two-kanji compound words from a morphological perspective

iii at the word formation processes that underlie two-kanji compound words, which are primarily morphological. Compounding is the combining of abstract linguistic elements—morphemes—to form larger word units, with the representation of these larger word units being a product of combining the constituent representations. The discussion of two-kanji compound word morphology also provides background for the experiments presented in this thesis. Part 2 of the thesis is psycholinguistic in nature, focusing primarily on the internal representation. After arguing in Part 1 that kanji function as a morphographic writing system, Part 2 investigates the implications of this for the organization of the Japanese mental lexicon. Specifically, a lemma unit model version (Joyce, 1999, in press) of the multilevel interactive-activation framework is proposed as a model for the Japanese mental lexicon. The major feature of the lemma unit model is the incorporation of lemma units that mediate the links between access representations and semantic units. This model is examined through a series of constituent-morpheme priming experiments, which investigated the lexical retrieval and representation of two-kanji compound words within the Japanese mental lexicon from a morphological perspective by controlling for the word-formation principle of compound word stimuli as an experimental condition. As background to the conducted experiments, important tasks and effects are discussed in a brief review of visual word recognition research, which focuses on the two central issues for the mental lexicon—lexical retrieval and lexical representation. A short review of models of lexical representation, which all allow for some form of morphological involvement in the lexical retrieval of