Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of some chemical nutrients in four Brazilian tropical seaweeds

Seaweeds have various chemical components with beneficial effects for human use; however, their nutritional values in Brazilian species are not well known. This study aimed to evaluate the content of water, ash, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid in four seaweeds (Hypnea musciformis, Solieria filiformis, Caulerpa cupressoides and C. mexicana). Algal constituents were determined by difference, gravimetric or colorimetric method, being the values expressed as g 100 g -1 dehydrated weight (d.w.). Results revealed that the water (10.7 ± 0.18-15.06 ± 1.14 g 100 g -1 d.w.), ash (7.79 ± 0.87-15.12 ± 0.51 g 100 g -1 d.w), protein (17.12 ± 0.99-20.79 ± 0.58 g 100 g -1 d.w.), lipid (0.33 ± 0.01-3.77 ± 0.13 g 100 g -1 d.w.) and carbohydrate (38.07 ± 0.32-54.24 ± 0.157 g 100 g -1 d.w.) contents varied between the species (p < 0.05). H. musciformis and S. filiformis (Rhodophyta) had highest ash contents (14.14 ± 1.23-15.12 ± 0.51 g 100 g -1 d.w.), whereas lipids were higher for Caulerpa species (Chlorophyta) (1.52 ± 0.17-3.77 ± 0.13 g 100 g -1 d.w.) (p < 0.05). Protein and carbohydrate were the most sources in all the species. Therefore, the studied seaweeds could be a potential source of food ingredients for diets.
Emergency Flight Planning Applied to Total Loss of Thrust

Autopilot systems are capable of reliably following flight plans under normal circumstances, but even the most advanced flight-management systems cannot provide robust response to most anomalous events including in-flight failures. This paper describes an emergency flight-management architecture that can be applied to piloted or autonomous aircraft, with focus on the design and implementation of an adaptive flight planner (AFP) that dynamically adjusts its model to compute feasible flight plans in response to events that degrade aircraft performance. A two-step landing-site selection/trajectory generation process defines safe emergency plans in real time for situations that require landing at an alternate airport. A constraint-based search algorithm selects and prioritizes feasible emergency landing sites, then the AFP synthesizes a segmented trajectory to the best site based on postfailure flight dynamics. The AFP architecture is general for any failure situation; however, operational success is guaranteed only with accurate postfailure performance characterization and a trajectory generation strategy that respects degraded flight envelope boundaries. A real-time segmented trajectory planning algorithm and case study results are presented for total loss of thrust failure scenarios. This emergency is surprisingly common and necessitates an immediate approach and landing without a go-around option.
Towards high value markets: a case study of smallholder vegetable farmers in Indonesia

The expansion of modern markets has significant implications for agriculture in many developing countries that provides both opportunities and challenges for smallholder farmers. The purpose of this paper is to analyse key determinants affecting farmers’ participation in high value markets, compared to traditional market. Face to face interviews based on a questionnaire were conducted with a sample of 126 smallholder vegetable farmers in the Manokwari region. Binary logistic regression and bivariate correlation analysis were used in this study. The results suggested that age, education level, vegetables cultivated area and membership in farmer groups/cooperatives were the key determinants that had significant effects on the smallholder farmers’ decision about marketing channel participation. In addition, the income generated from vegetable farming was positively correlated to high value market participation. Some implications that need to be prioritized in agricultural development strategies include impro.
Spatial variability of rainfall on a sub‐kilometre scale

The variability of rainfall in space and time is an essential driver of many processes in nature but little is known about its extent on the sub‐kilometre scale, despite many agricultural and environmental experiments on this scale. A network of 13 tipping‐bucket rain gauges was operated on a 1·4 km2 test site in southern Germany for four years to quantify spatial trends in rainfall depth, intensity, erosivity, and predicted runoff. The random measuring error ranged from 10% to 0·1% in case of 1 mm and 100 mm rainfall, respectively. The wind effects could be well described by the mean slope of the horizon at the stations. Except for one station, which was excluded from further analysis, the relative differences due to wind were in maximum ±5%. Gradients in rainfall depth representing the 1‐km2 scale derived by linear regressions were much larger and ranged from 1·0 to 15·7 mm km−1 with a mean of 4·2 mm km−1 (median 3·3 mm km−1). They mainly developed during short bursts of rain and thus gradients were even larger for rain intensities and caused a variation in rain erosivity of up to 255% for an individual event. The trends did not have a single primary direction and thus level out on the long term, but for short‐time periods or for single events the assumption of spatially uniform rainfall is invalid on the sub‐kilometre scale. The strength of the spatial trend increased with rain intensity. This has important implications for any hydrological or geomorphologic process sensitive to maximum rain intensities, especially when focusing on large, rare events. These sub‐kilometre scale differences are hence highly relevant for environmental processes acting on short‐time scales like flooding or erosion. They should be considered during establishing, validating and application of any event‐based runoff or erosion model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A class of non-geometric M-theory compactification backgrounds

We study a particular class of supersymmetric M-theory eight-dimensional non- geometric compactification backgrounds to three-dimensional Minkowski space-time, proving that the global space of the non-geometric compactification is still a differentiable manifold, although with very different geometric and topological properties respect to the corresponding standard M-theory compactification background: it is a compact complex manifold admitting a Kahler covering with deck transformations acting by holomorphic homotheties with respect to the Kahler metric. We show that this class of non-geometric compactifications evade the Maldacena-Nunez no-go theorem by means of a mechanism originally developed by Mario Garcia-Fernandez and the author for Heterotic Supergravity, and thus do not require lP-corrections to allow for a non-trivial warp factor or four-form flux. We obtain an explicit compactification background on a complex Hopf four-fold that solves all the equations of motion of the theory. We also show that this class of non-geometric compactifications is equipped with a holomorphic principal torus fibration over a projective Kahler base as well as a codimension-one foliation with nearly-parallel G2-leaves, making thus contact with the work of M. Babalic and C. Lazaroiu on the foliation structure of the most general M-theory supersymmetric compactifications.
Promotive effect of exogenously applied thiourea on key physiological parametersand oxidative defense mechanism in salt-stressed Zea mays L. plants

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the alleviating role of thiourea (TU) on antioxidants and some vital physiological attributes in salt-stressed plants of two maize cultivars. The maize cv. DK 5783 performed better than cv. Apex 836 in an initial experiment. Of the six TU levels used in the initial experiment, 400 and 500 mg L-1 were chosen for subsequent studies. The two cultivars were subjected to saline stress (100 mM NaCl) and two levels of TU were applied presowing or as foliage spray. Salt stress suppressed total biomass, maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll, and leaf water potential ($\Psi$w), but it increased proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), leaf osmolality (LO), membrane permeability (MP), and antioxidant enzymes. Exogenous TU application resulted in considerable increases in the dry weight of salt sensitive and tolerant cultivars (38% and 35%, respectively). TU partially improved the salt tolerance of maize plants; it reduced Na+ but increased N, K+, Ca2+, and P in the maize plants under saline regimes. TU regulated the growth of maize plants under stress conditions by reducing MP, MDA, and H2O2 levels, and altering activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as increasing photosynthetic pigments under a saline regime.
Determination of the critical parameters for the onset of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in advanced ultrahigh strength steels (A-UHSS) microalloyed with boron

In this research work, the double differentiation mathematical method was used to identify more accurately the criti- cal stress ሺ ߪ ௖ ) and critical strain ሺ ߝ ௖ ) associated with the onset of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), which is based on changes of the strain hardening rate )ߝ/ߪ ൌ ߠሺ as a function of the flow stress (Poliak and Jonas method, simplified by Najafizadeh and Jonas). For this purpose, a low carbon advanced ultra-high strength steel (A-UHSS) microalloyed with different amounts of boron (14, 33, 82, 126 and 214 ppm) was deformed by uniaxial hot-compression tests at high tempe- ratures 1100 ሺ950,1000,1050 ° )ܥ and constant true strain rates ሺ 10 ଷ ,10 ଶ 10 ଵ ݏ ଵ ) . Results indicate that both ߪ ௖ and ߝ ௖ increase with decreasing deformation temperature and in creasing strain rate. On the other hand, these criti- cal parameters tend to decrease as boron content increases. Such a behavior is attributed to a solute drag effect by boron atoms on the austenitic grain boundaries and also to a solid solution softening effect.
Seed Vigor Variation of Agave durangensis Gentry (Agavaceae)

Agave durangensis propagates basically by seeds. This species is economically important because it supports a mescal industry in Durango, Mexico. At present, its exploitation is overall by collecting plants from the wild populations. In order to reduce the negative impact of the collection in the natural populations of A. durangensis and to improve the mescal industry, it is necessary to establish plantations with selected seeds for a high vigor. In this paper, the variation in morphological features, physiological behavior of germination, and biochemical indicators of seed vigor among three natural populations of A. durangensis was assessed. Variation was found in the seed weight (0.68 to 1.15 mg/seed), seed dimensions (3.51 × 5.29 to 4.62 × 5.92 mm), germinability reduction at 15°°C related to 25°C (4% to 51%), germination rate at 25°C (44.0 to 48.5 seeds/day) and at 15°C (5.17 to 6.77 seeds/day), development reduction at 15°C related to 25°C (86.66% to 91.99%), levels of seed accumulated phenols (71 to 85 μg/seed), antioxidant potential (42% to 50% reduction of DPPH*), seed alcohol dehydrogenase activity (ADH) (180 to 1100 μmol NAD+/mg protein/min), highest ADH activity after imbibitions at 25°C (310.24 to 520.2 μmol NAD+/mg protein/min), and highest ADH activity after imbibitions at 15°C (170.74 to 440.71 μmol NAD+/mg protein/min). The variation in the seed vigor was revealed by a principal component analysis (PCA) based on all the parameters evaluated. PCA clearly discriminated among the three populations.
Characterization of genetic structure of alfalfa (Medicago sp.) from trans-Himalaya using RAPD and ISSR markers

Twenty five (25) accessions of Lucerne (Medicago sp.) collected from Leh valley of trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir) were analyzed using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The results of this study revealed that the level of genetic variation in the collected Medicago ecotypes were relatively high (P=96.54%, I=0.430, Ht=0.285). RAPD fingerprinting detected more polymorphic loci (97.96%) than ISSR fingerprinting (95.12%). Clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when RAPD and ISSR derived dendrogram were compared, whereas the pattern of clustering of the genotypes remained more or less the same in RAPD and combined data of RAPD + ISSR. The mean coefficient of differentiation (Gst) was 0.0584 indicating 30.23% of the genetic diversity within the populations. The overall value of mean estimated number of gene flow (Nm = 8.0682) revealed large gene exchanges among populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the distribution of genetic diversity was 49% among populations and 51% within populations. The plant is capable of reproducing by self-sowing, thus can influence population genetic structure. The pronounced genetic variation tells us that Medicago species is a proper plant for genetic research and that there is great potential of breeding this species for improved forage varieties. Key words : Genetic variation, ISSR, RAPD, Medicago species, population structure.
High-Cost Users in Social and Health Care - Mental Health and Substance Abuse Customers: Case City of Tampere

Social and health care costs accumulate to a small number of people, called high-cost users. Highcost use correlates with poor health status and complex service needs and thus causes significantly higher expenditures than the rest of the population. It is not uncommon that the costliest 10 % causes 80 % of annual social and health care expenditures. This study analyses the high-cost users of the City of Tampere, and in more detail, mental health and substance abuse customers. The aim of this study is to gather understanding of these high-cost users, their demographics, service use and the persistence of the high-cost use. The gathered understanding is then used to segment the population into distinct groups in order to create a framework of potential methods to manage these segments, and to achieve cost savings, better services, effectiveness, productivity, and better quality. In addition to managing the current high-cost users of mental health and substance abuse services, this study tackles the topic of predicting future high-cost users by exploring the possibilities in predictive modeling in social and health care.
Hybridization between sympatric populations of Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens f. molestus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Nagasaki, Japan.

The occurrence of natural hybridization between the mosquitoes Culex pipiens pallens and Cx. pipiens f. molestus in Northwestern Kyushu, Japan, was confirmed based on morphology and molecular methods. In order to assess the morphological difference in male genitalia of the two forms on the basis of the dorsal/ventral (D/V) ratio, mosquito egg rafts were collected in Nagasaki City using oviposition traps. The morphological parameters of male genitalia from Cx. pipiens f. molestus were discontinuous with those from Cx. pipiens pallens, while intermediate individuals could be found in a single egg raft. These individuals were identified as hybrids using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay. The fitness of the family descended from hybrids was lower than that from typical pallens and molestus families, as measured by egg raft size and egg hatchability. The reduced fitness of the hybrids suggested that the genetic introgression between the two forms could be restricted.
Conceptual Metaphor Meets Conceptual Change

This paper argues that the metaphorical representation of concepts and the appropriation of language-based construals can be hypothesized as additional sources of conceptual change alongside those previously proposed. Analyses of construals implicit in the lay and scientific use of the noun energy from the perspective of the theory of conceptual metaphor are summarized. The experientially grounded metaphorical construals identified in both uses help conceptualize the shift from the concrete, naïve to the abstract, scientific understanding of energy. The case of the concept of energy motivates the more general hypothesis that an important part of learning a highly abstract (even mathematical) concept is the appropriation of experientially grounded metaphorical construals implicit in scientific discourse. Pedagogical implications of this proposal are discussed.
Chitosan and Silver Nanoparticles as Control Agents of Some Faba BeanSpot Diseases

Faba bean (Vicia fabae L.) is one of the most economic legume crops in Egypt. The antifungal effects of different concentrations of Chitosan and silver nanoparticles (20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm and 100 ppm) were studied against aggressive isolates of Botrytis fabae and Alternaria alternata causing chocolate spot disease and Alternaria leaf spot disease respectively. Under laboratory conditions, the application of five concentrations of Chitosan nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles to the cultures of B. fabae and A. alternata showed significant inhibition of mycelial growth. Number of spores/ml decreased with increasing of nanoparticle concentration. Mycelial weight of fungal pathogens also decreased. The lesion growth was suppressed by increasing in the concentration of nanoparticles with significantly different relative to control using detached leaf test. Under greenhouse conditions, chitosan and silver nanoparticles were sprayed in concentrations 60 ppm, 80 ppm, and 100 ppm on faba bean plants. The tested nanoparticles showed significant effect against B. fabae and A. alternata relative to control. The obtained results indicated that the highest reduction of chocolate spot severity was obtained with treatment by 100 ppm of silver nanoparticles (52.94%) followed by chitosan nanoparticles 80 ppm (50.59%). While the application of 100 ppm of chitosan nanoparticles was highly efficient against Alternaria leaf spot where the reduction in disease severity (67.13%) followed by 100 ppm silver nanoparticles which caused reduction rate (61.5%). The obtained results indicated the possibility of using chitosan and silver nanoparticles as a substance in the manufacturing of fungicides to minimize the impact of chocolate spot and Alternaria leaf spot diseases in faba bean. However, further experimental trials under field conditions and safety evaluation studies are needed before the nanoparticles types and concentrations can be used as potential antifungal agents.
Patents, research & development and technological cooperation in the Spanish agri-food industry

The aim of this study is to contribute to advancing knowledge on the current innovation processes in the Spanish agri-food industry. It specifically looks into that area of innovation which firms protect through patent registration and which arguably generates the greatest added value. A panel of 439 firms over the 1998-2008 period was used to that end, as well as econometric estimations with panel count data models. The explanatory variables are grouped into innovation assets, such as R&D activity and technological cooperation, and complementary assets such as technological, organizational, human, commercial and financial resources. The results show that both SMEs and large firms choose to register patents. Internal R&D plays a decisive role in the case of SMEs whereas large firms have a stronger relationship with external R&D. Agri-food businesses often resort to technological cooperation as well, though to a lesser extent. Human and commercial resources are further assets associated with patenting in the case of large firms.
The relationship between mental toughness and results of the Egyptian fencing team at the 9th All-Africa games.

Purpose. Although sports science is well recognized for the past 40 years, sport psychologyis still considered as a new field. Sportspsychology concerns with both psychologicalfactors that influence participationand performance in sport andexerciseaswell aspsychological effects derived fromthem. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between mental toughness and results of the egyptian fencing team at the 9th all-africa games. Methods. Participants were members of the Egyptian Fencing federation who competed in the 9th All-Africa games held in Algiers, These athletes were competing in (3)weapons foil, epee, and saber events. The participants consisted of (22) fencers ,(12) male and (10) female fencers. All of them participated in team competition , (18) fencers only participated in the individual competition. Results. The results were observed in the area of mental toughness when medallist and non medallists were analysed. The medallist displayed better self-confidence , better negative energy control and Visual - imagery control than the non medallist. , the results suggested that the athletes with greater mental toughness were more likely to be selected into main team, to play in crucial competition , And Significant relationships between the Winning a medal and Self-confidence (. 58) , Visualization & Imagery(. 67) , Positive Energy Control (. 54) Conclusions.The mental toughness practice will be improvement the performance levels and the competations results in fencing .
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and the Association between Vitamin D and Waist Circumference and the Framingham Risk Stratifications

Over the past decade, numerous non-skeletal diseases have been reported to be associated with vitamin D deficiency including coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and CAD among male University populations. 125 patients attending the Taif University Outpatient Clinic (TUOC) aged 20-63 years were included. Body weight, height, blood pressure, and waist circumferences (WC) were measured. Laboratory data including; total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high and low density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG), high sensitivity C reactive protein (CRP) and vitamin D were done. Framingham risk score (FRS) was calculated. 70.3% of the screened patients had vitamin D level < 20 ng/dl. The mean calculated FRS is 3.53. The mean age of 35.35±11.75 years, mean weight of 81.2±16.3 kg, mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.1±5.3 kg/m2, mean WC 94.9±21.5 cm, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 131.6±14.2 mmHg, and mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 75.8±9.9 mmHg. 7.2 % have hyperlipidemia, 6.4% have hypertension (HTN), 9.6% of the patients were type 2 diabetics (T2D) and 32.4% report family history of T2D. A significant positive correlation between FRS and age (r=0.6124), WC (r= 1998), DBP (r=0.2281), FBG (r= 0.3315), TC level (r=0.3814), TG level (r=0.4079), LDL level (r=0.2240), Non HDL level (r=0.3923) with a significant negative correlation between FRS and vitamin D level (r= -0.9473), HDL (r= -0.0091) and CRP (r= -0.0910). The overall prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was high. There was no difference between the low and the optimal vitamin D groups. Wide screen program for early detection of vitamin D deficiency among University population both male and female and application of WC in detection of overweight/obesity and early detection of person of high CAD is recommended with application of intervention and educational programs for those at higher risk. A future wide scale study is needed to confirm our findings.