Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Usefulness of preoperative chest radiography in elective surgery].

OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of abnormalities in preoperative chest X-rays taken of patients undergoing elective surgery; to determine radiological abnormalities not expected based on the patient's case history and their influence on treatment; and to identify patients with high risk of presenting abnormal radiographs. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 2,146 consecutive patients entering the hospital over a period of one year for non-cardiopulmonary surgery requiring anesthesia. Two physicians reviewed the radiodiagnostic reports on routine preoperative chest X-rays requested by surgeons. The reviewers classified the results as normal, expected abnormal and unexpected abnormal based on concordance or not between the patient's case history and the radiologist's report. RESULTS Of the original 2,146 patients, 160 (7.4%) were excluded from the study because of incomplete case histories and/or physical exams. X-rays were taken of 1,880 (94.6%) of the 1,986 patients remaining in the study. Abnormalities were found in 508 (27%), most often in men, patients over 45, those classified as ASA III-V and those with a history of cardiovascular or lung disease, or smokers of more than 20 cigarettes/day. In 254 (13.5%), the abnormalities were not expected based on the patient's history; the physician's attitude changed toward 11 of these (4.3%), 5 of whom had cancer. Unexpected abnormalities were detected in 2 patients (0.8%) during physical examination and the real index of unexpected attitude changes based on case history and physical examination was 9 (3.5%). A new treatment based on unexpected radiological abnormalities was chosen for only 2 (0.8%) patients. The prevalence of unexpected radiological abnormalities was higher in men, in those over 45 years old and in those classified as ASA III-V. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of unexpected abnormalities in routine preoperative chest X-rays taken before non-cardiothoracic elective surgery is high, but the influence of their detection on patient management is minimal. The results of our study suggest that X-rays should be recommended for patients over 45; those with a history of cardiovascular or lung disease, or of cancer; smokers of more than 20 cigarettes/day; those classified as ASA III-V; and those with incomplete case histories or physical examinations.
Temporal artery biopsy in giant‐cell arteritis: A reappraisal

ABSTRACTWe have reviewed the clinical records and histology of 135 patients who underwent temporal artery biopsy between 1973 and 1978. Biopsies were classified histologically as giant-cell arteritis (17%), atypical arteritis (6%), healed arteritis (2%), arteriosclerosis (67%), atherosclerosis (5%), or normal (3%). Most of the histological diagnoses made at the time of biopsy were confirmed but eight cases which had originally been reported as atypical or healed arteritis were classified as arteriosclerosis when reviewed.All 33 patients with histological evidence of arteritis were accepted as clinical cases of temporal arteritis (31) or polymyalgia rheumatica (2) and treated with steroids. A further 24 patients had negative biopsies (arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis) but were considered on clinical grounds to have cranial arteritis. They too were treated and made a full recovery. In 43 cases, all of whom had negative biopsies, a final diagnosis was reached which was thought to account for the clinical symptoms (e.g., cere-brovascular accident, rheumatoid disease, migraine, etc.). As less than 60% of patients with clinical temporal arteritis had positive biopsies, we suggest that this procedure could be omitted and replaced by a trial of steroid therapy. Biopsy should be reserved for patients with a strong medical contraindication to steroid therapy, or who fail to respond to treatment promptly.
Impact of spreading olive mill wastewater on soil characteristics: laboratory experiments

L'impact de l'epandage d'effluents d'huileries (margines) sur un echantillon de sol au laboratoire a fait l'objet de cette etude. La majorite des micro-polluants organiques et inorganiques des margines ont ete elimines apres la premiere infiltration ; ceci entraine le changement des caracteristiques physico-chimiques du sol. La concentration en carbone organique, en azote Kjeldahl, en phosphore total et en potassium augmente. L'augmentation de la conductivite electrique, des phenols et de la concentration du sodium, surtout au niveau de la couche superieure (0-20 cm), jusqu'aux limites de salinisation du sol peut entrainer la diminution de la fertilite de celui-ci. Une deuxieme application de ces effluents sur les memes colonnes, apres deux mois de repos, a montre une diminution des capacites epuratrices du sol.
Cultural Conflict Resolution Styles of Marriage-Migrant Women in Korea: From the Perspectives of Chinese, Vietnamese, Cambodian and Filipino Women

Interviews with 22 marriage-migrant women from China, Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Philippines revealed that power distance in conjunction with in-dividualism/collectivism influence their conflict styles. Moreover, women were more likely to engage in compromising style with their spouses; obliging with their in-laws; and avoiding with their spouse and in-law when they had emotionally given up on resolving the conflict. Furthermore, they were using avoiding when dealing with conflict outside the home with strangers and acquaintances. Though inconclusive, the findings suggest that women’s educational level, work experiences, and financial status influence their conflict style. While these were cultural and social factors that influence the participants conflict style, their goal, namely, providing a better life for their children, was also found to be a major drive in resolving conflicts and in the process they empowered themselves to out-win (surmount) the conflicting situations rather than being compliant. Suggestions for future studies as well as a scale for Cambodia’s power distance and individualism/collectivism are suggested.
How Do Entry Motives and Institutions Influence the Acquisition Strategies of Multinationals in Foreign Markets? Lessons from Acquisitions of Finnish Multinationals in Global Markets

ABSTRACT When acquiring foreign targets, multinationals have an option for partial acquisition, staged acquisition, and full acquisition. This study seeks to understand how the motives of market entry and institutions influence these acquisition strategies in foreign markets. By integrating OLI paradigm and institutional theory with an empirical case study of seven acquisitions of Finnish multinationals in global markets, the study finds that the motives of market entry (i.e., market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, strategic-asset-seeking motives) interact with host country institutions in influencing the choice of partial, staged, and full acquisitions. The study also develops six propositions and recommends areas for future research.
The impact of coexisting genetic mutations on murine optic glioma biology.

BACKGROUND Children with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tumor predisposition syndrome are prone to the development of optic pathway gliomas resulting from biallelic inactivation of the NF1 gene. Recent studies have revealed the presence of other molecular alterations in a small portion of these NF1-associated brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to leverage Nf1 genetically engineered mouse strains to define the functional significance of these changes to optic glioma biology. METHODS Nf1+/- mice were intercrossed with Nf1(flox/flox) mice, which were then crossed with Nf1(flox/flox); GFAP-Cre mice, to generate Nf1(flox/mut); GFAP-Cre (FMC) mice. These mice were additionally mated with conditional KIAA1549:BRAF knock-in or Pten(flox/wt) mice to generate Nf1(flox/mut); f-BRAF; GFAP-Cre (FMBC) mice or Nf1(flox/mut); Pten(flox/wt); GFAP-Cre (FMPC) mice, respectively. The resulting optic gliomas were analyzed for changes in tumor volume, proliferation, and retinal ganglion cell loss. RESULTS While KIAA1549:BRAF conferred no additional biological properties on Nf1 optic glioma, FMPC mice had larger optic gliomas with greater proliferative indices and microglial infiltration. In addition, all 3 Nf1 murine optic glioma strains exhibited reduced retinal ganglion cell survival and numbers; however, FMPC mice had greater retinal nerve fiber layer thinning near the optic head relative to FMC and FMBC mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these experiments demonstrate genetic cooperativity between Nf1 loss and Pten heterozygosity relevant to optic glioma biology and further underscore the value of employing genetically engineered mouse strains to define the contribution of discovered molecular alterations to brain tumor pathogenesis.
SVCCA: Singular Vector Canonical Correlation Analysis for Deep Learning Dynamics and Interpretability

We propose a new technique, Singular Vector Canonical Correlation Analysis (SVCCA), a tool for quickly comparing two representations in a way that is both invariant to affine transform (allowing comparison between different layers and networks) and fast to compute (allowing more comparisons to be calculated than with previous methods). We deploy this tool to measure the intrinsic dimensionality of layers, showing in some cases needless over-parameterization; to probe learning dynamics throughout training, finding that networks converge to final representations from the bottom up; to show where class-specific information in networks is formed; and to suggest new training regimes that simultaneously save computation and overfit less.
Towards a new paradigm in health research and practice? Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care.

PURPOSE Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRCs) are a new UK initiative to promote collaboration between universities and healthcare organisations in carrying out and applying the findings of applied health research. But they face significant, institutionalised barriers to their success. This paper seeks to analyse these challenges and discuss prospects for overcoming them. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The paper draws on in-depth qualitative interview data from the first round of an ongoing evaluation of one CLAHRC to understand the views of different stakeholders on its progress so far, challenges faced, and emergent solutions. FINDINGS The breadth of CLAHRCs' missions seems crucial to mobilise the diverse stakeholders needed to succeed, but also produces disagreement about what the prime goal of the Collaborations should be. A process of consensus building is necessary to instil a common vision among CLAHRC members, but deep-seated institutional divisions continue to orient them in divergent directions, which may need to be overcome through other means. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This analysis suggests some of the key means by which those involved in joint enterprises such as CLAHRCs can achieve consensus and action towards a current goal, and offers recommendations for those involved in their design, commissioning and performance management.
Coherence transfer by isotropic mixing in carr‐purcell‐meiboom‐gill imaging: Implications for the bright fat phenomenon in fast spin‐echo imaging

It is well known that when compared to conventional spin‐echo (CSE) imaging for equivalent effective echo times, fast spin‐echo (FSE) imaging experiments yield higher signal intensities for coupled spin systems, such as that for lipid. One hypothesis put forth for this phenomenon is the removal of scalar coupling‐based echo amplitude modulation by the FSE ψ pulse train. This would result in the maintenance of signal intensity in the late echoes, with an overall increase in image signal when the multiecho train data is combined to form the image data. It will be shown that in images and spectra obtained from the final echo of a Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) ψ pulse train, an increase in signal in coupled spin systems occurs, when compared to conventional single‐echo images and spectra at identical echo times. One‐ and two‐dimensional spectroscopy experiments confirm that it is the generation of an isotropic mixing Hamiltonian by the ψ pulse train in FSE that is responsible for the increased signal in images of a simple AX system and of corn oil, a model for human fat. This relative increase in signal is due to the maintenance of in‐phase magnetization in the coupled spin systems by this Hamiltonian. In CSE, the weak coupling Hamiltonian allows development of antiphase coherences which, in the presence of the line broadening due to the imaging gradients, result in signal loss.
Market Responses to Interindustry Wage Differentials - eScholarship

This paper examines the link between interindustry wage differentials and subsequent growth of industry variables such as employment, GDP and labor productivity. We find that industries that paid higher than average wages in 1959 experienced significantly lower employment growth and GDP growth in the subsequent 30 to 40 years, while at the same time experiencing higher-than-average growth in the capital-labor ratio and in labor productivity. We argue that the evidence is best explained by a non-competitive model of the interindustry wage structure, as both firms and the market respond to the wage rigidity implied by the long-run persistence of the interindustry wage structure.
The puzzling effects of monetary policy in VARs: Invalid identification or missing information?

Standard vector autoregressions (VARs) often find puzzling effects of monetary policy shocks. Is this due to an invalid (recursive) identification scheme, or because the underlying small‐scale VAR neglects important information? I employ factor methods and external instruments to answer this question and provide evidence that the root cause is missing information. In particular, while a recursively identified dynamic factor model yields conventional monetary policy effects across the board, a small‐scale VAR identified via external instruments does not. Importantly, the discrepancy between both models largely disappears once the information set of the VAR is augmented via factors. This finding is comforting news for the recent monetary literature. Two leading empirical advances with different underlying assumptions—namely external instruments (applied to a factor‐augmented VAR) and dynamic factor models (identified recursively)—find very similar effects of monetary policy shocks, cross‐verifying each other.
Uncoupling protein and ATP/ADP carrier increase mitochondrial proton conductance after cold adaptation of king penguins

Juvenile king penguins develop adaptive thermogenesis after repeated immersion in cold water. However, the mechanisms of such metabolic adaptation in birds are unknown, as they lack brown adipose tissue and uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP1), which mediate adaptive non‐shivering thermogenesis in mammals. We used three different groups of juvenile king penguins to investigate the mitochondrial basis of avian adaptive thermogenesis in vitro. Skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from penguins that had never been immersed in cold water showed no superoxide‐stimulated proton conductance, indicating no functional avian UCP. Skeletal muscle mitochondria from penguins that had been either experimentally immersed or naturally adapted to cold water did possess functional avian UCP, demonstrated by a superoxide‐stimulated, GDP‐inhibitable proton conductance across their inner membrane. This was associated with a markedly greater abundance of avian UCP mRNA. In the presence (but not the absence) of fatty acids, these mitochondria also showed a greater adenine nucleotide translocase‐catalysed proton conductance than those from never‐immersed penguins. This was due to an increase in the amount of adenine nucleotide translocase. Therefore, adaptive thermogenesis in juvenile king penguins is linked to two separate mechanisms of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle mitochondria: increased proton transport activity of avian UCP (dependent on superoxide and inhibited by GDP) and increased proton transport activity of the adenine nucleotide translocase (dependent on fatty acids and inhibited by carboxyatractylate).
Marking non-palpable breast masses with injected methylene blue dye, an easy, safe and low cost method for developing countries and resource-limited areas.

INTRODUCTION The widespread use of improved mammographic techniques has led to increased detection of nonpalpable breast masses. Preoperative localization is important for reducing false negative results and decreasing the size of tissue resection needed and the resulting breast deformity. We used ultrasound guided methylen blue injection in the mass for localization of breast masses that were clinically nonpalpable but detectable by ultrasound. MATERIALS AND METHODS 57 masses from 51 patients were marked 20 to 180 minutes before surgery with 0.4-0.7 cc methylene blue and resection was done in operating room under local or general anesthesia . success of radiologist for localization and success of surgeon for complete resection and pathology results were reviwed and fallow up ultrasound was done 3-5 month after surgery for patients whom pathology report was non specific (such as FCC) to confirm complete resection. RESULTS 57 masses were excised successfully by the surgeon , localization was successful in all patients but injection in the mass was not feasible in 4 patients and dye was injected on the surface of the mass and led to successful excision . Only one mass was not found at surgery because dye washed out before surgery, and the mass was resected by use of intra operative ultrasound. 5.3% patients reported the procedure was painful and 28% reported tolerable pain during injection and 66.7 % of patients said that the injection was painless or with minimal discomfort. Allergic reaction was not seen in any patient and no interference was reported by the pathologist in slide preparation or diagnoses and IHC study. CONCLUSION Marking with blue dye injection is a safe and low cost method for localization of non palpable breast lesions that are detectable by Ultrasound. In one patient failure to find the mass was because of location of the mass that was in axillary tail of breast and time of surgery that was 100 minutes after injection that led to absorption of blue dye before surgery and it is advised to do surgery as soon as possible after blue dye injection especially in peripheral and deeply located masses.
Role of dietary fat type in the development of adiposity from dietary obesity-susceptible Sprague–Dawley rats

The present study was designed to define how dietary fat type regulates body adiposity in dietary obesity-susceptible (DOS) Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Eighty-three SD rats received a purified diet containing 50 g maize oil (MO)/kg for 3 weeks and then thirty-nine of the rats, designated as the DOS rats, were allotted to diets containing 160 g MO (DOS-MO), beef tallow (DOS-BT) or fish oil (DOS-FO)/kg for 9 weeks. As a result of the experiment, the DOS-FO rats had significantly (P<0·05) reduced weight gain and abdominal and epididymal fat-pad mass than the DOS-MO and DOS-BT rats. Serum leptin level was also significantly (P<0·05) lower in the DOS-FO rats; however, hypothalamic leptin receptor (a and b) mRNA and neuropeptide Y expressions were not altered by dietary fat sources. A lower acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA expression in the liver was observed in the DOS-FO group, whereas hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ mRNA and protein expressions were markedly elevated in the DOS-FO group compared with those in the other groups. We did not observe differences in acetyl-CoA carboxylase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expressions in epididymal fat of the DOS rats consuming MO, BT or FO. It is concluded from our present observations that dietary fat type, especially that rich in FO, plays a potential role in down-regulation of adiposity by altering hepatic lipogenic genes, rather than feeding behaviour, in the DOS-SD rats.
The Strategic Fit of International Expansion Between Temporal and Spatial Dimensions: Evidence from Chinese MNEs

ABSTRACT From the perspective of strategic fit, integrating time compression diseconomies with knowledge-based view, and adopting multi-stage design, this article explores the U-shaped moderating effect of geographic diversity of international expansion on the relationship between speed and MNE’s performance. Using a longitudinal study of 234 Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2014, this study finds that the negative effect of speed on MNE’s performance is weakest when the spatial distribution is employed moderately. Therefore, the strategic fit between temporal and spatial of international expansion is important for increasing MNE’s performance.
Proapoptotic p53-Interacting Protein 53BP2 Is Induced by UV Irradiation but Suppressed by p53

ABSTRACT p53 is an important mediator of the cellular stress response with roles in cell cycle control, DNA repair, and apoptosis. 53BP2, a p53-interacting protein, enhances p53 transactivation, impedes cell cycle progression, and promotes apoptosis through unknown mechanisms. We now demonstrate that endogenous 53BP2 levels increase following UV irradiation induced DNA damage in a p53-independent manner. In contrast, we found that the presence of a wild-type (but not mutant) p53 gene suppressed 53BP2 steady-state levels in cell lines with defined p53 genotypes. Likewise, expression of a tetracycline-regulated wild-type p53 cDNA in p53-null fibroblasts caused a reduction in 53BP2 protein levels. However, 53BP2 levels were not reduced if the tetracycline-regulated p53 cDNA was expressed after UV damage in these cells. This suggests that UV damage activates cellular factors that can relieve the p53-mediated suppression of 53BP2 protein. To address the physiologic significance of 53BP2 induction, we utilized stable cell lines with a ponasterone A-regulated 53BP2 cDNA. Conditional expression of 53BP2 cDNA lowered the apoptotic threshold and decreased clonogenic survival following UV irradiation. Conversely, attenuation of endogenous 53BP2 induction with an antisense oligonucleotide resulted in enhanced clonogenic survival following UV irradiation. These results demonstrate that 53BP2 is a DNA damage-inducible protein that promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, 53BP2 expression is highly regulated and involves both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. Our data provide new insight into 53BP2 function and open new avenues for investigation into the cellular response to genotoxic stress.