Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dispersal of Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in Scotland

Two nestling Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos were radio‐tracked from fledging until the birds were unable to be located. In addition two other free flying young birds ‐ one juvenile and one sub‐adult ‐ were opportunistically caught, radio‐tagged and tracked. After fledging one nestling stayed in the home range for six months and then left, while the other stayed for four months and made excursions before leaving. The two others were tracked for one month and 21 months. These independent non‐breeders returned to particular areas at infrequent intervals, but for considerable periods of time were unable to be located. Returns of ringed juveniles both in the European Alps and Scotland show recoveries of younger birds further away from their natal areas than older ones, suggesting a tendency to return to natal areas as they approach breeding age.
Harmonic differential quadrature method for static analysis of functionally graded single walled carbon nanotubes based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory

Bending analysis of functionally graded single walled carbon nano tubes is presented in this paper. Carbon nano tubes are modeled as Euler-Bernoulli beam theory in this study. Harmonic differential quadrature (HDQ) method is used to discretize the governing equations. In order to show the accuracy of present work, the results are compared with those of other existing results. Then the effects of different parameters such as power law index, inner and outer radius of nano tubes and length nano tubes of are studied, too.
Avaliação do comportamento de quinze cultivares de cana-de-açucar na Região Sul do Tocantins

A cultura da cana-de-acucar (Saccharum spp.) e destaque no cenario agricola do Brasil, podendo ser atribuido a sua elevada capacidade de adaptacao aos mais diversos ambientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de quinze cultivares de cana-de-acucar nas condicoes de clima e solo da regiao sul do Tocantins, em condicoes de cana de primeiro ano (2005/2006) e segundo ano (2006/2007). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com 15 tratamentos (cultivares) e tres repeticoes. Os cultivares utilizados foram: RB84-5210, RB85-5113, RB85-5453, RB86-7515, RB83-5486, RB56-5230, RB85-5536, RB92-8064, SP80-1842, SP85-3877, SP81-3250, SP80-1816, SP87-365, SP86-155, IAC86-2480. As caracteristicas avaliadas foram: altura total da cana (ATC, em m); solidos soluveis (BRIX, em oBrix); numero de cana por hectare (NCH, em NC/ha) e produtividade (PROD, em kg ha-1). Os dados experimentais foram submetidos a analise individual e, posteriormente, analise conjunta para algumas caracteristicas, para comparacao entre grupos de medias foi utilizado o teste de agrupamento Scott and Knott (1974) a 5% de significância. As caracteristicas ATC e NC/ha estao correlacionadas diretamente com a produtividade. Os cultivares RB56-5230, SP80-1816, SP86-155 e RB85-5536 foram os mais produtivos. Os cultivares SP80-1816 e RB85-5536 obtiveram os melhores resultados nos parâmetros quantitativos e qualitativos. Palavras-chave: Saccharum spp. , ambiente, produtividade, quantitativo e qualitativo
Prevalence of Nephropathy in Black Patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

The prevalence of nephropathy in black patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is poorly defined. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 98 unrelated and unselected black type 2 diabetic patients treated in indigent care internal medicine clinics to determine the prevalence of proteinuria and nephropathy. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine albumin and urine creatinine concentrations were measured. A Spearman’s rank correlation was computed to test for a relationship between diabetes duration and continuous outcomes. For binary outcomes, an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were computed for a change of 10 years diabetes duration based on logistic regression. Cases were 61% female, and had mean (± SD) age 59.9 ± 12.5 years, diabetes duration 12.6 ± 9.4 years, body mass index 32.4 ± 9.3 kg/m2, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) 9.2 ± 2.3%, and serum creatinine concentration 1.60 ± 1.1 mg/dl. For continuous variables, diabetes duration was positively associated with albuminuria (r = 0.31; p = 0.0017), serum creatinine (r = 0.36; p = 0.0003) and blood urea nitrogen concentration (r = 0.36; p = 0.0003). For binary variables, cases with longer diabetes duration were at increased risk for urinary albumin:creatinine >300 µg/mg (p = 0.006), elevated serum creatinine concentration (≧1.4 mg/dl in women or ≧1.6 mg/dl in men; p = 0.045), elevated blood urea nitrogen concentration (≧20 mg/dl; p = 0.026), and clinical cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.028). HbA1C, body mass index, and blood pressure did not correlate with diabetes duration in this population. Among the cases, 33.7% had elevated serum creatinine concentration and 71.5% had abnormal levels of albuminuria (27.6% > 300 µg albumin/mg Cr and 43.9% 30–300 µg albumin/mg Cr). Abnormal proteinuria was seen in the majority of black patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in indigent care clinics. This prevalence may be conservative, due to the widespread use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy and exclusion of cases treated only by nephrologists. Approximately 70% of black patients with type 2 diabetes cared for in indigent care clinics have abnormal proteinuria and are at heightened risk for ESRD and death.
Synaptogenesis in Retino-Receptive Layers of the Superior Colliculus of the Opossum Didelphis marsupialis

The maturation of the neuropil and synapse formation were examined in the retino-receptive layers of the superior colliculus (SCr-r) in the opossum from a period prior to the onset of arborization of retinocollicular fibers (postnatal day 22 – P22), at 44% of the coecal period (CP), to the end of the fast phase of optic fiber myelination and weaning time (P81 – 118% CP). Development of the SCr-r neuropil follows a protracted time course and can be divided into three broad stages, which are characterized by (I) Large extracellular spaces, numerous growth cones that participate rarely in synaptic junctions, vesicles-poor immature synapses (P22–P30), (II) Synapses of varied morphology with abundant synaptic vesicles, and small terminals with dark mitochondria and round synaptic vesicles (RSD terminals) synapsing mostly onto dendritic shafts, flat-vesicles (F) terminals (P40–P56), (III) Sequential appearance of retinal (R) and pleomorphic-vesicles (P) terminals and of RSD terminals synapsing onto spine or spine-like processes, appearance of glomerulus-like synaptic arrays (synaptic islets) (P61–P81). The advancement of synaptogenesis in SCr-r from stage I to II and from stage II to III correlates closely with the differentiation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, respectively.
Understanding complex muscles in the rat hindlimb: Activations and actions

We present research examining the function of complex muscles in the rat hindlimb. Two related sets of experiments are described. In the first, we examine the degree of specificity in spinal pattern generators, assessing whether the pattern generators at birth are capable of differentially activating intramuscular subdivisions in the complex hindlimb muscle biceps femoris. In the second, we describe a novel approach for creating a musculoskeletal model to capture the mechanical actions of individual muscles and evaluate its ability to capture the action of both simple and complex muscles in the rat hindlimb.
An Ageless View of First Millennium AD Southern African Ceramics

In southern Africa, the Later Stone Age and the Early Iron Age are generally treated as separate archaeologies, as if they really were different periods. In fact, the entire Iron Age overlaps with the last part of the Later Stone Age, and it is argued here that at the sub-continental scale the archaeology of one ‘Age’ might be better understood with reference to the other. The point is illustrated by plotting the distribution of all first millennium ceramics on the same map, regardless of their ‘Age. ’ This sheds new light on the history of interactions and perhaps population movements in the sub-continent during the first millennium AD.
Harnessing knowledge for innovation: an integrated management framework

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to examine, develop and establish understanding of the management of knowledge innovation (KI). Design/methodology/approach – This article first describes the emergence of knowledge management (KM) as the next likely source of competitive advantage. It then explains why innovation management (IM) should not be viewed as mutually independent from KM, but instead should involve concepts on how to harness KM practices for executing IM processes. Next, it elaborates the definition of KI and describes the economic transition from “information revolution” to “knowledge revolution” – wherein various forms of knowledge‐based assets may be absorbed, assimilated, shared and utilised for innovation. It then turns to the role of knowledge creation and the value of knowledge capital in support of the significance of knowledge to innovation. Siemens, a highly successful company that strongly integrates KM and IM, is highlighted as an exemplar for discussion.Findings – The article.
The radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine and its clinical application.

Since the identification of triiodothyronine (T3) in blood and thyroid tissue by Gross and Pitt Rivers in 1952, relatively little information had accrued until the latter part of the past decade concerning the role of this hormone in normal physiology and that of the thyroid gland. The major difficulty in obtaining this knowledge was the lack of simple, reliable and specific methods for quantitation of T3 in blood and other biological fluids. The development of gas chromatographic (Nauman, Nauman, and Werner, 1967) and saturation analysis techniques (Sterling, Bellabarba, Newman, and Brenner, 1969) for the measurement of T3 in serum provided a new impetus in this area. In 1968 Hollander established the existence of a clinical state of hyperthyroidism in which an increase of T3 appeared to be the major pathogenic factor. This finding has subsequently been confirmed by other workers (Sterling, Refetoff, and Selenkow, 1970; Wahner and Gorman, 1971). It is now well established that as much as 50% of the T4 secreted by the thyroid may be converted to T3 by peripheral deiodination (Brauerman, Ingbar, and Sterling, 1970). It is even possible that T3 is the sole biologically active thyroid hormone, as conversion of T4 to T3 in vivo may be an obligatory step in the metabolic action of T4 at cellular level, T4 being thus relegated to the role of an inactive prohormone. Although the saturation analysis technique introduced by Sterling has proved useful, it has not been widely adopted for clinical diagnostic use as it is complex, tedious to perform, and requires large volumes of blood for assay. More importantly, this method is subject to artefactual errors which produce inconstant overestimates of serum T3 concentration (Fisher and Dussault, 1971; Larsen, 1971a). A significant advance in T3 assay methodology was the production of specific T3 antibodies by Brown, Ekins, Ellis, and Reith (1970) and subsequently the development of a sensitive and
Effects of carprofen or meloxicam on selected haemostatic variables in miniature pigs after orthopaedic surgery

The aim of the study was to detect and compare the haemostatic variables and bleeding after 7‑days administration of carprofen or meloxicam in clinically healthy miniature pigs. Twenty‑one clinically healthy Gottingen miniature pigs were divided into 3 groups. Selected haemostatic variables such as platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, serum biochemical variables such as total protein, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma‑glutamyltransferase and haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells and buccal mucosal bleeding time were assessed before and 7 days after daily intramuscular administration of saline (1.5 ml per animal, control group), carprofen (2 mg·kg ‑1 ) or meloxicam (0.1 mg·kg ‑1 ). In pigs receiving carprofen or meloxicam, the thrombin time was significantly increased (p < 0.01) compared to the control group. In animals receiving carprofen, serum urea and creatinine were significantly decreased, compared to the control (p < 0.01) or meloxicam (p < 0.05) groups. In pigs receiving meloxicam, serum urea was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Significant differences were not detected in other haemostatic, biochemical variables or bleeding time compared to other groups or to the pretreatment values. Intramuscular administration of carprofen or meloxicam in healthy miniature pigs for 7 days causes sporadic, but not clinically important changes of selected haemostatic variables. Therefore, we can recommend them for perioperative use, e.g. for their analgesic effects, in orthopaedic or other surgical procedures without increased bleeding.
Fountains impinging on a density interface

We present an experimental study of an axisymmetric turbulent fountain in a two-layer stratified environment. Interacting with the interface, the fountain is observed to exhibit three regimes of flow. It may penetrate the interface, but nonetheless return to the source where it spreads as a radially propagating gravity current; the return flow may be trapped at the interface where it spreads as a radially propagating intrusion or it may do both. These regimes have been classified using empirically determined regime parameters which govern the relative initial momentum of the fountain and the relative density difference of the fountain and the ambient fluid. The maximum vertical distance travelled by the fountain in a two-layer fluid has been theoretically determined by extending the theory developed for fountains in a homogeneous environment. The theory compares favourably with experimental measurements. We have also developed a theory to analyse the initial speeds of the resulting radial currents. The spreading currents exhibited two different flow regimes: a constant-velocity regime and an inertia-buoyancy regime in which the front position, R, scales with time, t, as R ∼ t3/4. These regimes were classified using a critical Froude number which characterized the competing effects of momentum and buoyancy in the currents.
Chronic renal disease is not chronic kidney disease: implications for use of the QRISK and Joint British Societies risk scores.

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and European guidelines advocate assessment of CVD risk. QRISK and JBS3 risk calculators do not use the consensus definition of CKD stages 3-5 but instead use a definition referring to renal pathologies and CKD stages 4 and 5. Consequently, there is potential for doctors to misclassify their patients when using these risk calculators. OBJECTIVES To quantify the number of people who may be affected by such misclassifications. METHODS Database analysis using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). We identified 2512053 adults aged 25-84 without prior history of CVD on 1st January 2014. We identified those with 'chronic renal disease' and/or CKD by searching medical event history data. RESULTS The study population was 48.7% male with mean age of 50.2 years. A total of 80718 had diagnostic READ codes for CKD stages 3, 4 or 5. Of these, 6585 individuals (8.2%) were classified as having 'chronic renal disease' according to the updated QRISK 2014, up from 3365 according to QRISK 2013. Whilst the updated QRISK definition of 'chronic renal disease' in total identified 62% more people than previously and had improved sensitivity for CKD stages 3 to 5, sensitivity remained poor (8.16%; 95% CI: 7.97-8.35%). CONCLUSION Misuse of risk scores by general practitioners could result in clinically important differences in risk estimates. Users of risk scores should recognize the potential for error and developers should aim to label risk factors more clearly.
Dimethyldiselenide and Methylseleninic Acid Generate Superoxide in an In Vitro Chemiluminescence Assay in the Presence of Glutathione: Implications for the Anticarcinogenic Activity of L-Selenomethionine and L-Se-Methylselenocysteine

The reduction of cancer incidence by dietary supplementation with L-selenomethionine, L-Se-methylselenocysteine, and other methylated selenium compounds and metabolites is believed to be due to the metabolic generation of the monomethylated selenium species methylselenol. Dimethyldiselenide and methylseleninic acid were reduced by glutathione in an in vitro chemiluminescent assay in the presence of lucigenin for the detection of superoxide (O2 - ). The methylselenol produced on reduction of dimethyldiselenide and methylseleninic acid was found to be highly catalytic, continuously generating a steady state of O2 - . The O2 - detected by the chemiluminescence generated by methylselenol was fully quenched by superoxide dismutase, causing a complete cessation of chemiluminescence. In contrast, dimethyldisulfide in the presence of glutathione was not catalytic to any measurable extent and did not generate any superoxide. These in vitro results suggest that methylselenol catalysis is possible in vivo, and if metabolism generates sufficient concentrations of methlylselenol from L-selenomethionine or L-Se-methylselenocysteine in vivo, it could change the redox status of cells and oxidatively induce cellular apoptosis.
Polymorphic variation in hOGG1 and risk of cancer: A review of the functional and epidemiologic literature

The gene encoding human 8‐oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) is involved in DNA base excision repair. The encoded DNA glycosylase excises 7,8‐dihydro‐8‐oxoguanine (8‐OHdG), a highly mutagenic base produced in DNA as a result of exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polymorphisms in this gene may alter glycosylase function and an individual's ability to repair damaged DNA, possibly resulting in genetic instability that can foster carcinogenesis. In order to elucidate the possible impact of polymorphisms in hOGG1, we performed a literature review of both functional and epidemiologic studies that assessed the effects of these polymorphisms on repair function, levels of oxidative DNA damage, or associations with cancer risk. Fourteen functional studies and 19 epidemiologic studies of breast, colon, esophageal, head and neck, lung, nasopharyngeal, orolaryngeal, prostate, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), and stomach cancers were identified. Although the larger functional studies suggest reduced repair function with variant alleles in hOGG1, the evidence is generally inconclusive. There is some epidemiologic evidence that risk for esophageal, lung, nasopharyngeal, orolaryngeal, and prostate is related to hOGG1 genotype, whereas risk of breast cancer does not appear related. In studies that explored potential interactions with environmental factors, cancer risk for hOGG1 genotypes differed depending on exposure, especially for colon cancer. In summary, there is limited evidence that polymorphisms in hOGG1 affect repair function and carcinogenesis. Larger, well‐designed functional and epidemiologic studies are needed to clarify these relationships, especially with respect to interactions with other DNA repair enzymes and interactions with environmental factors that increase carcinogenic load. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
L'extrême droite après les scrutins de 1999-2000.

En moins d’un an et demi, toutes les assemblees elues du pays ont ete renouvelees. Lors des scrutins du 13 juin 1999 et du 8 octobre 2000, differents partis d’extreme droite ont presente des listes de candidats, tant en Flandre qu’en Wallonie ou en region bruxelloise. Ces partis ont connu des fortunes diverses. Si le Vlaams Blok a conquis de nouveaux sieges sur le plan local, provincial, regional et national, l’extreme droite francophone a en revanche vu disparaitre la plupart des mandats qu’elle avait conquis en 1994 et 1995. Jean Faniel examine les resultats recoltes par les partis d’extreme droite lors des elections de 1999 et 2000, et cherche a comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles les formations de cette famille ideologique ont connu une evolution aussi differente au Nord et au Sud du pays. Apres avoir repere les formations d’extreme droite qui ont participe aux scrutins de juin 1999 et octobre 2000, l’auteur examine les differentes assemblees renouvelees a cette occasion et analyse les resultats obtenus par les partis en nombre de voix, de sieges, et en pourcentages des votes valablement exprimes. La repartition geographique des suffrages recueillis par ces formations permet de tirer les premieres conclusions. Au-dela de la geographie electorale, l’implantation des partis d’extreme droite est mise en rapport avec les reactions nees dans le monde politique, ainsi qu’au niveau de la societe dans son ensemble, face a l’apparition et au developpement de formations pronant de maniere ouverte le racisme et la xenophobie. La progression du Vlaams Blok a suscite des debats ou l’on observe une difference d’attitude des partis democratiques et des medias flamands et francophones. L’impact qu’exerce sur la vie politique la presence d’une formation d’extreme droite puissante et electoralement significative peut ainsi etre mieux percu.
Culture-specific familiarity equally mediates action representations across cultures

Previous studies have shown that we need to distinguish between means and end information about actions. It is unclear how these two subtypes of action information relate to each other with theoretical accounts postulating the superiority of end over means information and others linking separate means and end routes of processing to actions of differential meaningfulness. Action meaningfulness or familiarity differs between cultures. In a cross-cultural setting, we investigated how action familiarity influences recognition memory for means and end information. Object directed actions of differential familiarity were presented to Chinese and German participants. Action familiarity modulated the representation of means and end information in both cultures in the same way, although the effects were based on different stimulus sets. Our results suggest that, in the representation of actions in memory, end information is superordinate to means information. This effect is independent of culture whereas action familiarity is not.