Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saudi EFL Preparatory Year Students’ Perception about Corrective Feedback in Oral Communication

This study sought to investigate the attitudes of Saudi EFL students towards corrective feedback (henceforth CF) on classroom oral errors. The subjects were 3200 (1223 male and 1977 female) students enrolled in an intensive English language programme in the preparatory year at the University of Ha'il. A questionnaire was the main instrument. This study seeks to extend our knowledge by examining the relationship between CF and gender, proficiency level, and students’ track. The results revealed that students generally have a positive perception of oral CF. Further, delayed CF was more favoured than immediate feedback. Of the methods of CF used by the teacher, the students preferred asking for clarification, repetition, explicit feedback, metalinguistic feedback, elicitation, and recasting; the majority of them regarded no correction as a poor method. Although the students wanted all of their oral errors to be corrected, they reported wanting their serious errors to be corrected first, followed by frequent errors, individual errors, and then, less serious errors; less frequent errors was the least preferred category. Regarding the choice of correctors, students favoured teacher correction, then self-correction, and finally, classmate correction. As far as the three variables considered, the analysis of the data revealed that in sum, regardless of gender, students’ proficiency level, and track, all students had similar beliefs about CF and strongly favoured receiving frequent CF in English oral communication classes once they were made aware of the purpose, significance, and methods of CF. However, the findings of the study showed that there was a significant gender difference, with women responding to CF significantly more than men. Moreover, the results revealed that highly proficient students preferred CF more than students with a lower proficiency, although there were no significant differences for most of the items. Additionally, there were some significant differences among students with different tracks. Pedagogical implications, limitations of the study, and recommendations for further research are also discussed.
A study of the existence of glass ceiling in the telecommunication sector of Bangladesh.

The purpose of the study is to examine the existence of the glass ceiling in the corporate telecommunication sector in Bangladesh. It has been noticeable that the career progression of women is significantly lower than that of men especially in the telecom industry. The study also aims to contribute to identifying the factors which create the existence of the glass ceiling. The analysis of the data gathered through the course of the research will help to determine the contributory factors which have impact on the career advancement of female employees in the organization itself. The study will also concentrate on issues about why the female employees are being stereotyped about a specific category of jobs, the different conflicts that may exist and how these can be tackled. The perception and mind set of the management towards every female colleague will also be highlighted in the report. Despite the sense of continued progress toward gender equality in the workplace, it is noticeable that the ration of male to female employees is significantly less than expected in terms of advancement, compensation and benefits.
Identification of an Active Component in Guiera senegalensis Plant Used for Healing Diabetes Wounds

The African species Ghobash (Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel), is a small herb found mainly in West Africa. It had wide spread used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to identify the bioactive ingredient responsible of healing diabetes wound. The aim was obtained using different process; first the plant crude oil was extracted using the soxhlet apparatus and two organic solvents (Chloroform and Methanol). Then the natural products present in dry plant leave were investigated by phytochemical screening analysis tests which confirm the main classes of secondary metabolites, namely terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids and steroides. The anti-bacterial activity test was carried out to show the bioactivities properties of the plant. The tests were positive in two types of bacteria: staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The (GC/MS) analysis was carried out to separate and identify the components of the plant and their structures. The obtained results showed the presence of different active ingredients such as: flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids in high percentage. The expected compound responsible of healing diabetes wound was suggested to be stigmasterol.
Simultaneous Determination of Prochloraz and Three Metabolites in Fruits and Vegetables by Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Abstract An analytical method was established to simultaneously determine prochloraz and three metabolites N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl] urea(BTS44595), N-formyl-N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl] urea(BTS44596), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(BTS45186) in fruits and vegetables. The analysis was performed by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the positive and negative ion-switching multiple reaction modes (MRM). The analytes were extracted using acetonitrile. The extract was further purified by dispersive solid phase extraction. The linearity of the matrix-matched calibration curves was verified with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.9975. Recoveries in fruits and vegetables were conducted at four appropriate concentrations. The average recoveries of the method ranged from 80% to 105%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 15%. The limits of detection and quantification of the analytes in fruits and vegetables were from 0.1 to 1 µg/kg and 0.5 to 5 µg/kg, respectively. The method was validated and demonstrated to be suitable for the determination of prochloraz and three metabolites in fruits and vegetables.
Normal adult speakers' tongue palate contact patterns for alveolar oral and nasal stops

This study compared tongue palate contact patterns for oral stops (/t/, /d/) with those for the nasal stop /n/ in order to provide normative data for diagnosing and treating individuals with speech disorders. Electropalatographic (EPG) data were recorded from 15 English speaking adults for word initial /t/, /d/ and /n/ in a high and a low vowel context. EPG frames were classified according to three criteria: (1) anterior constriction; (2) bilateral constriction; and (3) zero posterior central contact. Total amount of contact and variability were also measured. The results showed that almost all (99%) stops met Criteria 1 and 3, with fewer articulations (88% of /t/; 83% of /d/ and 55% of /n/) meeting Criterion 2. Although all stops had similar spatial patterns, /t/ and /d/ had more contact and were more likely to have bilateral constriction than /n/. There were no differences in variability between /t/, /d/ and /n/, however. The clinical implications of the results for the management of individuals with speech disorders are discussed.
Potential of very thin and high‐efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells

Thin crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells are highly attractive for realizing light‐weight and flexible wafer‐based solar cells as well as for reducing the material cost. Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) architecture using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) is suitable for realizing very thin c‐Si cells, because of its capability of excellent surface passivation. In this work, the potential of very thin c‐Si solar cells is examined by characterizing SHJ solar cells with a wide range of thicknesses from 50 to 400 μm. A trade‐off between the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and the short circuit current density (JSC) against wafer thickness is clearly observed in these SHJ cells, whereas a decrease in fill factor (FF) is found for thin SHJ cells below 80 μm. The loss analysis for the thin SHJ cells with numerical simulation clarifies that the infrared parasitic absorption loss due to the supporting layers is enhanced for thinner wafers, which limits the JSC in the thin SHJ cells. In addition, it is confirmed that the FF is more sensitive to surface recombination than the VOC, and this tendency becomes more pronounced with the decrease in the wafer thickness. A high efficiency of 22% is achieved in a SHJ solar cell with a thickness of only 46 μm, demonstrating a high potential for flexible high‐efficiency c‐Si solar cells.
The Influence of Human and Financial Capital on the Performance of Woman Entrepreneurs in Micro and Small Entreprises in State of Perak, Malaysia

Woman entrepreneurs have a vital role in a country’s economic growth and development. This paper examined the impact of human capital and financial capital on the performance of woman entrepreneurs in Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). The paper employed quantitative method with usable questionnaires among women entrepreneurs. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression model were used to analyze data by using SPSS software and the results indicate that human capital has an impact on the business performance and the relationship is significant. On the other hand, financial capital has a significant impact on the profitability among women entrepreneurs with significant positive value.
SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATIONS OF CEO COMPENSATION BASED ON THE CEO PAY SLICE

This paper presents evidence on two alternative explanations of the CEO pay slice (CPS), efficient contracting and managerial power. Based on a sample of 9,978 U.S. listed firms for the period 2001-2010, we find that the CPS reflects a rational allocation of decision authority between the CEO and senior executives, which is driven by firms' economic characteristics. We do not find evidence consistent with managerial power theory, as the CPS of newly appointed CEOs does not increase over time, nor do we find a difference between the CPS of newly appointed CEOs and the CPS of the prior CEOs in firms. Finally, we find no relation between the CPS and subsequent firm performance, or between a measure of excess CPS and subsequent firm performance. In addition, we show that most firms are quick to reduce excessive CPS levels. However, for a small subsample in which excessive CPS persists, we observe a negative relation between CPS and subsequent firm performance.
Effect of nucleotides on broiler performance and carcass yield

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of nucleotides on the performance and carcass yield of broilers fed diets with no antibiotic growth promoters (AGP), anticoccidials, or animal feedstuffs. In the trial, 600 Ross 308 male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design into six treatments with four replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CD), CD + AGP, CD + 0.04%, CD + 0.05%, CD + 0.06%, and CD + 0.07% nucleotides. The experimental diets did not contain anticoccidials, and birds were vaccinated against coccidiosis at three days of age. No significant differences were detected among broilers submitted to the different treatments in none of the studied parameters. Under the conditions of this experiment, diets supplemented with nucleotides did not influence broiler performance or carcass yield at 42 days of age, and were not different from the feeds not containing any additive or with AGP.
Several micronutrients in the rotifer Brachionus sp. may not fulfil the nutritional requirements of marine fish larvae

The current best practice intensive culture of larval Atlantic cod includes feeding rotifers from onset of exogenous feeding until 25–30 days after hatching. These larvae grow considerably slower and develop higher frequencies of deformities than larvae reared in semi-extensive systems, using copepods as feed. The present study compares the micronutrient concentrations in rotifers with those of copepods, with the aim of identifying nutrients that may be limiting for normal growth and development of cod larvae. An additional criterion used is the nutrient requirements given for fish in general, by NRC (1993), as nutrient requirements of cod remains to be determined. Rotifers were fed on four different diets, consisting of baker’s yeast with cod liver oil (3.3 : 1 dry weight (DW)/v), baker’s yeast with Algamac 2000 TM (3.5 : 1 DW), baker’s yeast with live algae Chlorella (4.1 : 1 DW), and Culture Selco 3000 TM (CS). CS was a complete commercial diet for rotifers while the other diets are considered as based on raw ingredients. Compared with copepod nutrient levels, rotifers grown on yeast-based diets supplemented with either cod liver oil, Algamac 2000 or Chlorella were apparently sufficient for covering the requirements in cod larvae for all the B-vitamins, except thiamine. Rotifers cultured on the CS diet also had sufficient amounts of thiamine. Of the minerals, only calcium and magnesium were sufficient, using this criterion while iron was on the borderline. However, with reference to the requirements given for larger fish (NRC 1993), only thiamine, vitamin A, manganese, selenium and perhaps copper, appear too low in the rotifers cultured without extra micronutrient supplementation. The other nutrients were present at levels intermediate between copepod and fish requirement levels. This study suggests that it is necessary to develop enrichment techniques to produce rotifers with sufficient amounts of all micronutrients. Such techniques will also be important tools for determining which nutrients are present at levels below the actual requirements in cod larvae.
A Selective High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method to Follow the Hydrolytic Degradation of Nicardipine Hydrochloride

A simple, stability indicating, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for determination of nicardipine hydrochloride (NC) in the presence of its degradation products. The chromatographic separation was performed on Hypersil, BDS-C18, 30 cm × 3.9 mm id, at ambient temperature with UV-detection at 254 nm. A mixture of 20% (v/v) aqueous 0.01 M sodium acetate∕acetic acid buffer (pH 4.5) and 80% acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min-1, losartan was used as internal standard. The calibration curve is linear over the concentration range 5-40 μg mL-1, with a regression coefficient of 0.9984 and the % recovery was 99.78±0.17. The method was used to investigate the kinetics of alkaline, acids induced degradation, effect of buffer concentration and temperature. The degradation followed first-order kinetics. The rate constant, half-life time, and activation energy were calculated
The four cumulus cloud modes and their progression during rainfall events: A C‐band polarimetric radar perspective

There is no objective definition to separate cumulus congestus clouds from the shallow cumulus and deep clouds. This has generated misinterpretation about the role of congestus clouds to promote deep convection through the potential of moistening the middle troposphere. In this study, an objective identification for the different tropical cumulus modes is found by examining the occurrence frequency of the cloud cell top heights (CTHs) and near‐ground (at 2.5 km height) rainfall properties of these cells using a three‐season database of the Darwin C‐band polarimetric radar. Four cumulus modes were identified, namely a shallow cumulus mode with CTH in the trade inversion layer (1–3 km), a congestus mode with tops in the highly stable middle troposphere (3–6.5 km), a deep convective mode with tops in the region of free convection (6.5–15 km), and an overshooting convection mode with tops in the tropical tropopause layer (CTH >15 km). The study also investigates the connections between these cumulus modes during heavy rainfall events. The congestus mode occurs predominantly from ~10 h prior to the peak rainfall event to ~2 h past the event. The deep cloud populations (Modes 3 and 4) have their maxima at and shortly after the time of the rainfall peak, with maximum occurrence just below the tropical tropopause layer. A comparison of the heavy rainfall events occurring in morning (oceanic) conditions against the afternoon (continental) conditions revealed a higher ratio of the shallow to the deep cloud population and a shorter transition time from the shallow to the onset of deep population in the morning‐oceanic conditions than the afternoon‐land conditions. It is also found through the analysis of the large‐scale moisture budget data set that for both the morning and afternoon events, the moistening peaked before the peak in the congestus populations.
A conformally invariant gap theorem characterizing CP 2 via the Ricci ﬂow

We extend the sphere theorem of Chang et al. (Publ Math Inst Ht Études Sci 98:105–434, 2003) to give a conformally invariant characterization of ( CP 2 , g FS ) . In particular, we intro-duce a conformal invariant β( M 4 , [ g ] ) ≥ 0 deﬁned on conformal four-manifolds satisfying a ‘positivity’ condition; it follows from Chang et al. (2003) that if 0 ≤ β( M 4 , [ g ] ) < 4, then M 4 is diffeomorphic to S 4 . Our main result of this paper is a ‘gap’ result showing that if b + 2 ( M 4 ) > 0 and 4 ≤ β( M 4 , [ g ] ) < 4 ( 1 + (cid:3)) for (cid:3) > 0 small enough, then M 4 is diffeomorphic to CP 2 . The Ricci ﬂow is used in a crucial way to pass from the bounds on β to pointwise curvature information.
3D PHYSICAL MODELING OF TSUNAMIS GENERATED BY SUBMERGED LANDSLIDES AT A CONICAL ISLAND: THE ROLE OF INITIAL ACCELERATION

This paper presents a new set of 3D experiments aimed to gain insight on the role of the initial acceleration upon the generation process of tsunamis by submerged landslides that may occur at the flanks of conical islands. The experiments have been carried out in a large wave tank by varying the initial acceleration of the landslide model. A novel system, relying on the use of a computer controlled stepped motor, has been employed to control the motion of the landslide model. The experiments have been carried out in a parametric way by changing the initial acceleration of the landslide, aiming to reproduce dierent triggering mechanisms. Preliminary experimental findings confirmed the crucial role of the initial acceleration of the submerged landslide in generating tsunamis.
Interaction between coronal mass ejections and the solar wind

[1] Observations suggest that the interplanetary extensions of coronal mass ejections (iCMEs) may be accelerated or decelerated in their passage through the solar wind. Interplanetary scintillation measurements (IPS) can detect the passage of iCMEs beyond the field of view of the Large-Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph coronagraphs and can provide information on their velocities. The European Incoherent Scatter Radar and the Multi Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network systems, with a field of view covering 10–120 solar radii, can provide information on iCMEs in the inner regions of the solar wind. IPS observations can also provide solar wind velocity measurements ahead of the iCME, and using this information, we consider the velocity profile of a number of clearly defined iCMEs and the relationship between iCME velocities and that of the background solar wind. The results provide additional confirmation that iCMEs converge toward the velocity of the solar wind ahead of the event and that most of the resulting acceleration or deceleration occurs in the innermost regions of the solar wind.
How does fermentation, filtration and stabilization of beer affect polyphenols with health benefits

Phenolic substances affect the quality of beer and some of them have the health benefit for the consumer. Their content in the final product is influenced by a number of raw material-technological factors. We carried out 200 L pilot brews of pale lager with the different maturation period and similar brews focused on the effect of filter material (depth filtration plates /DFP/ and polyester sulfone membrane /PES/) and beer stabilization with protein and polyphenol sorbents. Flavonoids were determined using liquid chromatography in conjunction with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR/ MS) and sample preparation by QuEChERS method. Additionally, total polyphenols and anthocyanogens was measured. The major reduction of both total polyphenols and flavonoids occurred in the first 2–3 weeks of maturation, the longer maturation had no impact on the loss of polyphenols. Filtration of beer with DFP significantly reduced the amount of anthocyanogens, but had no effect on monomeric flavonoid polyphenols. This technique could improve colloidal stability while preserving flavonoids. Conversely, PES membrane filtering greatly reduced the prenylflavonoid content (by 85%), and reduced the amount of flavanols and flavonols at levels comparable to those of PVPP-based polyphenol sorbent (25–35%). Flavonoids in beer could be largely influenced not only by PVPP treatment, but also by membrane filters used for both cold sterilization and primary beer filtration. Protein sorbent stabilization did not affect the content of flavonoids in beer. Decreases in flavonoid glycosides during filtration/stabilization were always lower than those of free flavonoids.
The link between employment stability and fertility intention: A cross sectional study

This paper analyzes the impact of employment stability on fertility intention and behavior. University teachers were interviewed to understand their fertility intentions and behavior by addressing their present employment status and transition to having a first and second child. Information was randomly collected from 174 teachers from four universities that work in public and national university in Bangladesh by following a systematic set of structured interviews questionnaire. Quantitative technique of data analysis especially logistic regressions model was used. The finding reveals that fertility intention is likely to be allied to employment stability. Respondents who reported a strong desire to have a child in the next two years consider their employment stability as one of the determining factors. Entrance into parenthood also varied by the gender of respondents and employment stability and this is mostly related to motherhood than fatherhood. Employment stability has a significant impact on the lower probability of remaining childless than a higher probability of preferring a child. Key words: Employment stability, fertility intention, fertility behavior, parenthood.
A Descriptive Study on EFL Learners’ Perceptions of Facebook

There is a strong need to investigate English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ perceptions of Facebook as a language-learning environment, as their perceptions that directly influence their language development and achievement have not been examined within the EFL learning context. Thus, this study aims to investigate EFL learners’ perceptions of Facebook as a language learning environment. The sample group of the study consisted of 174 EFL learners at a state university in Turkey. After administering a background questionnaire and a survey that assessed their perceptions, the frequencies, mean scores, standard deviations were computed. The results showed that Turkish EFL students perceive Facebook as an environment for communication, interaction, socialization, language learning and cultural interaction. It was recommended that further research should focus on the variables and determinants that may affect their perceptions to understand the theoretical and practical aspects regarding cultural differences.