Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The apolitics of memory: Remembering military service under Pinochet through and alongside transitional justice, truth, and reconciliation

Approximately 370,000 young men served as conscripted soldiers during the Pinochet dictatorship. Recruits were at times complicit in, witnesses to, or victims of human rights abuses committed under military rule. Memory of conscription for a long time was hidden behind silence maintained by fear, confusion, shame, anger, alcohol, and drugs. In the mid 2000s, however, ex-conscripts began to gather into groups that functioned first as support networks, and later as advocacy organizations pushing for recognition as victims and for reparations. By 2013, nearly 100,000 former recruits had mobilized. This article historicizes the conscript memory narrative of victimhood that emerged with the ex-conscript movement of the early twenty-first century. It examines the relationship between ex-conscripts’ memory of military rule, transitional justice, and the state-led truth and reconciliation process. Chile’s “politics of memory” provided catalysts and cues for ex-conscript memory, but neither of the competing shared memory frameworks have been unable to accommodate the former recruits’ sense of victimhood. Ex-conscript memory is not bound by a common political identity or interpretation of the 1973 coup or the 17 years of military rule. The “apolitics of memory” have instead ensured that ex-conscripts remember military service under Pinochet not within but rather alongside the country’s politicized memoryscape.
3D Coronal magnetic field from vector magnetograms: non-constant-alpha force-free configuration of the active region NOAA 8151

The Active Region 8151 (AR 8151) observed in February 1998 is the site of an eruptive event associated with a fila- ment and a S-shaped structure, and producing a slow Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). In order to determine how the CME occurs, we compute the 3D coronal magnetic field and we derive some relevant parameters such as the free magnetic energy and the relative magnetic helicity. The 3D magnetic configuration is reconstructed from photospheric magnetic magnetograms (IVM, Mees Solar Observatory) in the case of a non-constant- force-free (nl) field model. The reconstruction method is divided into three main steps: the analysis of vector magnetograms (transverse fields, vertical density of electric current, ambiguity of 180), the numerical scheme for the nl magnetic field, the interpretation of the computed magnetic field with respect to the observations. For AR 8151, the nl field matches the coronal observations from EIT/SOHO and from SXT/Yohkoh. In particu- lar, three characteristic flux tubes are shown: a highly twisted flux tube, a long twisted flux tube and a quasi-potential flux tube. The maximum energy budget is estimated to 2:6 10 31 erg and the relative magnetic helicity to 4:7 10 34 G 2 cm 4 . F rom the simple photospheric magnetic distribution and the evidence of highly twisted flux tubes, we argue that the flux rope model is the most likely to describe the initiation mechanism of the eruptive event associated with AR 8151.
An Integral Equation Approach to the Problem of Wave Propagation over an Irregular Surface

In this paper there is derived an approximate formulation of the problem of a scalar wave propagated over an irregular bounding surface. This formulation takes the form of a one-dimensional Volterra integral equation, which can, or so it appears, be very useful in numerical calculations of field intensities. In addition, analytical solutions of this equation are obtained in three special cases: an isotropic radiator (1) at the surface of a plane, homogeneous earth, (2) elevated above a plane earth, and (3) at the surface of a homogeneous sphere. The point to be made about these three special cases is that they all have been solved by the other, more exact methods; but the solutions presented here and obtained from the integral equation formulation are almost identical with these classical solutions.
Immigrants, Minorities, and Labor Market Competition

This paper investigates the extent of labor market competition among immigrants, minorities, and the native population. An analysis of 1980 U.S. Census data reveals that immigrants tend to be substitutes for some labor market groups and complements for others. The effects of shifts in immigrant supply on the earnings of native-born men are, however, very small. On the other hand, increases in the supply of immigrants do have a sizable impact on the earnings of immigrants themselves: an increase of 10 percent in the supply of immigrants, for example, reduces the immigrant wage by about 10 percent.
A computational fluid dynamic study On transient thermal characteristics Of two-phase gas metal arc welding Process

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is a welding process where an electrode wire is continuously fed from an automatic wire feeder through a conduit and welding gun to the base metal, where a weld pool is created. The formation of droplet and transfer of droplet are governed by the conservation equations. This study on GMAW aims to simulate transient behavior of welding arc and shielding gas flow. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used as a tool to understand multifaceted physics involved in GMAW process. A two dimensional axisymmetric model is prepared to reduce computational time. The heat transfer and fluid flow in the arc column were studied based on the transient distributions of velocity, turbulence, voltage, current density, and temperature. An interactive coupling between welding arc, plasma, current and temperature were considered. The assumed steady state and laminar gas flow in traditional models studied so for does not reflect the real distributions in the welding process. Hence influence of the welding arc on the shielding gas flow and vice versa was taken up for study. From the study it is found that as the arc is struck, the shielding gas is accelerated towards axis. When the plasma reaches towards workpiece, axial momentum of gases is changed to radial momentum and flows away from the workpiece. The shielding gas also carries current from electrode to workpiece which helps in reducing spatter of the arc and hence concentrated arc is obtained
Poyang Lake wetland vegetation biomass inversion using polarimetric RADARSAT-2 synthetic aperture radar data

Abstract. Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and one of the most important wetlands in the world. Vegetation, an important component of wetland ecosystems, is one of the main sources of the carbon in the atmosphere. Biomass can quantify the contribution of wetland vegetation to carbon sinks and carbon sources. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can operate in all day and weather conditions and penetrate vegetation to some extent, can be used to retrieve information about vegetation structure and the aboveground biomass. In this study, RADARSAT-2 polarimetric SAR data were used to retrieve aboveground vegetation biomass in the Poyang Lake wetland. Based on the canopy backscatter model, the vegetation backscatter characteristics in the C-band were studied, and a good relation between simulated backscatter and backscatter in the RADARSAT-2 imagery was achieved. Using the backscatter model, pairs of training data were built and used to train the back propagation artificial neural network. The biomass was retrieved using this ANN and compared with the field survey results. The root-mean-square error in the biomass estimation was 45.57 g/m2. This shows that the combination of the model and polarimetric decomposition components can efficiently improve the inversion precision.
Determinants of Transfer among Community College Students

The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of transfer. Accounting for variables in several domains (background, academic, social, environmental), this research was particularly interested in the effect of environment on transfer. Data employed in this study was derived from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS: 2003/2009). The population of interest was delimited to community college students who indicated their intent to transfer during their first year of college (2003). Using logistic regression, four additive models of transfer were computed. Taking all models into account, several variables were significantly predictive of transfer. These included students’ age, high school performance, generation status, participation in clubs, participation in school sports, hours worked per week, and familial responsibilities (having dependent children). While the variables examined in this study are important considerations in transfer, the low variance accounted for in all models suggests a need for further research. This study underscores the importance of adding environmental variables (in tandem with other factors) to the current discourse on transfer.
Growth LBOs

Using a dataset of 839 French deals, we look at the change in corporate behavior following an LBO relative to an adequately chosen control group. In the three years following a leveraged buyout, targets become more profitable, grow much faster than their peer group, issue additional debt and increase capital expenditures. We then provide evidence consistent with the idea that in our sample, private equity funds create value by relaxing credit constraints, allowing LBO targets to take advantage of hitherto unexploited growth opportunities. First, post-buyout growth is concentrated among private-to-private transactions, i.e. deals where the seller is an individual, as opposed to divisional buyouts or public-to-private LBOs where the seller is a private or a public firm. Second, the observed post-buyout growth in size and post- buyout increase in debt and capital expenditures are stronger when the targets operate in an industry that is relatively more dependent on external finance. These results contrast with existing evidence that LBO targets invest less or downsize.
Hydrodynamic characteristics of the formation processes for non-homogeneous debris-flow

Non-homogeneous debris flows are characterized by a wide grain size gradation, high volumetric weight and sediments not uniformly distributed along the vertical direction of the flow depth. These flows usually occur in the southwestern mountainous area of China during the rainy season, causing tangible and non-tangible damages; therefore, it is crucial to study their dynamic characteristics. An experimental campaign was conducted to replicate three processes typical of debris flows: (i) formation; (ii) propagation; and (iii) accumulation. Different flow rates, soil composition and flume slopes were applied. Multiple experimental parameters were quantified for each test conducted such as pore water pressure and velocity and a series of regression analyses were used to determine the relative impact of each experimental variable on these recorded parameters. The results showed that the flowrate and the vertical grading coefficient associated with the soil composition have the maximum and the minimum influence on the formation of debris flows and propagation velocities measured, respectively. This result is significant and needs to be considered when planning or designing control measures to reduce the impacts of debris flows.
Forced copulation in captive mallards. I. Fertilization of eggs.

BERTRAM, B.C. R. 1980. Vigilance and group sizes in ostriches. Anim. Behav. 28: 278-286. CARACO, T. 1979a. Time budgeting and group size: a test of theory. Ecology 60: 618-627. 1979b. Time budgeting and group size: a theory. Ecology 60: 611-617. 1980. Stochastic dynamics of avian foraging flocks. Amer. Natur. 115: 262-275. --, S. MakRTINDALE, & H. R. PULLIAM. 1980. Avian flocking in the presence of a predator. Nature 285: 400-401.
Title News shocks and Japanese macroeconomic fluctuations

Are the changes in the future technology process, the so-called “news shocks,” the main contributors to the macroeconomic fluctuations in Japan over the past forty years? In this paper, we take two structural vector-auto-regression (SVAR) approaches to answer this question. First, we quantitatively evaluate the relative importance of news shocks among candidate shocks, estimating a structural vectorerror-correction model (SVECM). Our estimated results suggest that the contribution of the TFP news shocks is nonnegligible, which is in line with the findings of previous works. Furthermore, we disentangle the source of news shocks by adopting several kinds of restrictions and find that news shocks on investment-specific technology (IST) also have an important effect. Second, to minimize the gap between the SVAR approach and the Bayesian estimation of a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, we adopt an alternative approach: SVAR with sign restrictions. The SVAR with sign restrictions reconfirms the results that the news shocks are important in explaining the Japanese macroeconomic fluctuations. JEL classification: E32
The Far-Infrared Luminosity Function from GOODS-North: Constraining the Evolution of Infrared Galaxies for z ≤ 1

We present the IR luminosity function derived from ultradeep 70 μm imaging of the GOODS-North field. The 70 μm observations are longward of the PAH and silicate features which complicate work in the MIR. We derive far-infrared luminosities for the 143 sources with S70 > 2 mJy (S/N > 3 σ). The majority (81%) of the sources have spectroscopic redshifts, and photometric redshifts are calculated for the remainder. The IR luminosity function at four redshifts (z ~ 0.28, 0.48, 0.78, and 0.97) is derived and compared to the local one. There is considerable degeneracy between luminosity and density evolution. If the evolving luminosity function is described as ρ(L, z) = (1 + z)qρ(L/(1 + z)p, 0), we find q = -2.19p + 6.09. In the case of pure luminosity evolution, we find a best fit of p = 2.78. This is consistent with the results from 24 μm and 1.4 GHz studies. Our results confirm the emerging picture of strong evolution in LIRGs and ULIRGs at 0.4 < z < 1.1, but we find no evidence of significant evolution in the sub-LIRG (L < 1011 L☉) population for z < 0.4.
A comparative investigation of an AB- and AA-stacked bilayer graphene sheet under an applied electric field: A density functional theory study

An AB- and AA-stacked bilayer graphene sheet (BLG) under an electric field is investigated by ab initio calculation. The interlayer distance between the two layers, band structures, and atomic charges of the system are investigated in the presence of different electric fields normal to the BLG. The AB-stacked BLG is able to tune the bandgap into 0.234 eV with the increase of the external electronic field to 1 V/nm, however, the AA-stacked BLG is not sensitive to the external electric field. In both the cases, the spacing between the BLG slightly change in terms of the electric field. The charges in the AB-stacked BLG are increased with the increase of the electric field, which is considered to be the reason that causes the bandgap opening in the AB-stacked BLG.
Aptamer mediated niosomal drug delivery

Development of nanoscale carrier systems for targeted drug delivery is crucial for cancer treatment. The current methods of drug delivery exhibit some problems such as lack of therapy efficiency at the desired parts of the body, degradation of the drug before reaching the desired tissue and limitations in cellular penetration. In this work, a novel drug delivery platform was developed to overcome these problems and to enable specific and efficient uptake into the cells. The surface of the synthesized polyethylene glycolated niosomes (PEGNIO) was modified with cell penetrating peptide (CPP) and cell specific MUC1 (S2.2) aptamer, and doxorubicin (DOX) as a cancer model drug was encapsulated in this platform. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis were used to investigate the cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of the DOX loaded niosomal formulation. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out using MUC1 positive HeLa and negative U87 cells. Moreover, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and fluorescence absorption spectroscopy were performed to determine the vesicle size, as well as charge and spectroscopic properties of the conjugates. From these results, this novel aptamer mediated niosomal drug delivery platform may have application potential in targeted drug delivery towards MUC1-overexpressing tumors.
Jordan Derivations and Antiderivations of Generalized Matrix Algebras

Let $\mathcal{G}=[A & M N & B]$ be a generalized matrix algebra defined by the Morita context $(A, B,_AM_B,_BN_A, \Phi_{MN}, \Psi_{NM})$. In this article we mainly study the question of whether there exist proper Jordan derivations for the generalized matrix algebra $\mathcal{G}$. It is shown that if one of the bilinear pairings $\Phi_{MN}$ and $\Psi_{NM}$ is nondegenerate, then every antiderivation of $\mathcal{G}$ is zero. Furthermore, if the bilinear pairings $\Phi_{MN}$ and $\Psi_{NM}$ are both zero, then every Jordan derivation of $\mathcal{G}$ is the sum of a derivation and an antiderivation. Several constructive examples and counterexamples are presented.
Margin or Centre? The Epipalaeolithic in the Azraq Oasis and the Qa’ Shubayqa

meaning and applicability of the concept of marginality in the context of the Epipalaeolithic of the Azraq Basin. Looking back at our work at the early Epipalaeolithic site of Ayn Qasiyyah and at the ongoing work at the late Epipalaeolithic site of Shubayqa 1, I argue that palaeoenvironmental and archaeological evidence now allow us to make the case that this currently arid region was by no means a marginal zone during the late Pleistocene.
LANDMARK BASED SEX DISCRIMINATION ON THE CRANIA OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL GREEK POPULATIONS. A COMPARATIVE STUDY BASED ON THE CRANIAL SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF A MODERN GREEK POPULATION

The estimation of sex is a fundamental step for physical anthropologists. The present study confirms the presence of sexual dimorphism in cranial traits of a modern Greek population and produces sex predicting logistic regression equations, which are subsequently applied on the crania of archaeological Greek populations. This study uses 24 landmarks and 25 traits based on distance and angle measurements. Equations, were formulated for the cranium in whole, as well as, isolated cranial regions and single traits. The application of these equations on the archaeological Greek populations yielded an accuracy of classification over 70% in the sphenoid region, the maxilla and the cranium in whole and for three single traits. Hence, the results suggest that our equations based on the modern Greek population can successfully be used in sex prediction of archaeological Greek populations.
THE SMALL SCATTER OF THE BARYONIC TULLY–FISHER RELATION

In a Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology, the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation (BTFR) is expected to show significant intrinsic scatter resulting from the mass–concentration relation of dark matter halos and the baryonic-to-halo mass ratio. We study the BTFR using a sample of 118 disk galaxies (spirals and irregulars) with data of the highest quality: extended H I ? > rotation curves (tracing the outer velocity) and Spitzer photometry at 3.6 μm (tracing the stellar mass). Assuming that the stellar mass-to-light ratio ( ϒ * ? > ) is nearly constant at 3.6 μm, we find that the scatter, slope, and normalization of the BTFR systematically vary with the adopted ϒ * ? > . The observed scatter is minimized for ϒ * ≳ 0.5 ? > M ⊙ / L ⊙ ? > , corresponding to nearly maximal disks in high-surface-brightness galaxies and BTFR slopes close to ∼4. For any reasonable value of ϒ * ? > , the intrinsic scatter is ∼0.1 dex, below general ΛCDM expectations. The residuals show no correlations with galaxy structural parameters (radius or surface brightness), contrary to the predictions from some semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. These are fundamental issues for ΛCDM cosmology.
Assessment of Some Coagulation Parameters in GI Bleeding Patients in a Sudanese Center for GI.

This study was conducted at Mohammed Salih Idres Center for gastrointestinal blee ding at Khartoum, Sudan. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and platelet count were measured in 50 gastrointestinal bleeding patients (43 males (86%) and 7 females (14%) with a mean age of 47 years) compared to corresponding parameters in 30 healthy individuals used as a control group. Blood samples were analyzed to determine the effect of GI bleeding on coagulation and correlate coagulation parameters investigated to age, gender and causes of GI bleeding. The results obtain ed showed that PT and APTT were significantly prolonged in patients than in control (P=0.00) , while platelets count was significantly decreased in patients than in control (P=0.00). The results also indicated that, patients of GI bleeding due to esophageal varices (OV) were of higher prevalence but with normal coagulation pathways and platelets count. Furthermore, patients with portal hypertension (PHT) have been found to have a decreased platelets count. The results of the present work concluded that, pati ents with other causes of GIT bleeding found to have a defect in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway s associated with reduced platelet count. Also this work concluded that no statistically significant correlation was found between coagulation parameters investigated and gender or age in the study population.
Signaling and screening with open source programming

In our paper, individual programmers participate in OS programming to signal their programming skills to commercial software companies and companies use OS projects as a screening device for hiring new workers. The key feature of the model is that the signaling activity itself creates a market externality a¤ecting the commercial software companiespro ts as the signaling activity creates a program that will be freely available to consumers. We show that in the least cost separating equilibrium, the programming credential in the case of a free substitute (complement) OS software is lower (higher) than in the case of independent programs. We also show that for the software companiesmanagement, OS projects may function as clever screening mechanisms for new workers without committing to hire anyone before they have actually shown their capability as a programmer. Finally, there is a conict of interest between the private and social incentives over the choice of an OS project when the size of the market for consumer software is small; the society would prefer a substitute OS project rather than
Effect of Anchoring Bias on Risky Investment Decision. Evidence from Pakistan Equity Market

Study of behavioral finance shows the impact of psychology on the performance and abilities of investors and it is important to study because it shows the main factors behind market inadequacy. Investor’s decisions are reflected by the cognitive errors, feelings and emotions and these behavioral actions urge an investor to take decision. The aim of this paper is to check that if investors take their decisions on the basis of their prior piece of knowledge than how the behavior or decisions of an investor reflect. For this purpose primary data is used to collect the respond of an investor. This study is conducted in Karachi Stock Exchange, Islamabad Stock Exchange and Lahore Stock Exchange. Keyword: Anchoring, Risky Investment Decision, Stock Exchange