Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of bicarbonate on uptake and translocation of 59 Fe in two grapevine rootstocks differing in their resistance to Fe deficiency chlorosis

In order to study the effect of high bicarbonate concentration in the root medium on root Fe reduction, Fe uptake and its translocation to the leaves, two rootstocks (Vitis riparia Michx., susceptible, and 41 B (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas x Vitis berlandieri Planch.), resistant to Fe deficiency chlorosis) were pre-cultivated in nutrient solutions with high and low Fe supply. After three weeks of preculture at low Fe, chlorosis symptoms occurred in both, Fe-resistant and Fe-susceptible genotypes. The Fe reducing capacity by roots was enhanced at Fe deficiency in both genotypes, which was consistent with the increase of subsequent root uptake and translocation rates of Fe. In the presence of bicarbonate in the solutions the Fe reducing capacity, Fe uptake and translocation rate decreased in both genotypes precultured with low Fe supply. The Fe uptake and translocation rate, however, were significantly higher in the Fe chlorosis-resistant rootstock 41 B. These results clearly indicate that bicarbonate-induced Fe chlorosis in grapevine rootstocks is obviously caused by an inhibition of Fe uptake and translocation due to an inhibition of Fe reduction by root cells. The fact that these processes were less inhibited in the chlorosis-resistant rootstock hints to genotypical differences in Fe acquisition by roots at high bicarbonate levels. These differences might be used in breeding programs to identify Fe chlorosis-resistant rootstocks.
Quick and reliable diagnosis of stomach cancer by artificial neural network

Approximately 90% of stomach cancers are adenocarcinoma that directly distribute from stomach wall to the neighbor tissue of stomach this kind of cancer is more common in persons who are more than 40 and its spread in men is twice as much as women. Unfortunately, this cancer doesn't have any sign until it develops to its advanced level. Generally biopsy, endoscopy, laparoscopy, ultra sonography, CT scan, x-ray radiography and proper clinical test are applied for cancer detection. By advancing artificial neural network technique and due to the difficulty in detection of stomach cancer with clinical and medicinal parameters, we decided to apply ANN for quick detection of stomach cancer. To do so, we use 50 clinical and medicinal parameters taken from 126 person (90 had cancer and 36 was normal as a testifier). We carried out independent sample T-Test with SPSS software for 50 parameters. Regard to the results of this analysis we selected 8 parameters that had lowest sig for ANN analysis (among parameters whose sig was less than 0.05). These parameters are age, anorexia, weight reduction, MCH, MCHC, Na+ reduction, Ca2+ reduction and X-ray radiography. Selected parameters of 126 persons split to three groups with Matlab software: training group (80%), validation group (10%), and test group (10%). Artificial neural network that we designed has three layers, 8 neurons as input, 8 neurons as hidden and 1 neuron as output. Split data are applied for training network with Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm. Finally, Performance of learning was 0.056, Regression coefficient between the output of trained network for test data and real results of test data was 0.927 and the area under ROC curve was 0.883. With these results we can conclude that training process was done successfully and accurately.
Estimation of the degree of hydration of blended cement pastes by a scanning electron microscope point-counting procedure

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) point-counting technique was employed to study the hydration of plain portland and blended cement pastes containing fly ash or slag. For plain portland cement pastes, the results for the degree of cement hydration obtained by the SEM point-counting technique were consistent with the results from the traditional loss-on-ignition (LOI) of nonevaporable water-content measurements; agreement was within F 10%. The standard deviation in the determination of the degree of cement hydration via point counting ranged from F 1.5% to F 1.8% (one operator, one sample). For the blended cement pastes, it is the first time that the degree of hydration of cement in blended systems has been studied directly. The standard deviation for the degree of hydration of cement in the blended cement pastes ranged from F 1.4% to F 2.2%. Additionally, the degrees of reaction of the mineral admixtures (MAs) were also measured. The standard deviation for the degree of fly ash reaction was F 4.6% to F 5.0% and F 3.6% to F 4.3% for slag. All of the analyses suggest that the SEM point-counting technique can be a reliable and effective analysis tool for use in studies of the hydration of blended cement pastes. D 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of NaCl concentration on the mid-body movement of Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans has a nervous system that enables it to explore and respond to its environment, in a process called chemosensation. C. elegans have been observed to be attracted to high NaCl concentrations. In our study, we used treatment levels of 0.10 M, 0.15 M, 0.20 M, and 0.25 M NaCl. Nematodes were tracked in NaCl using a DinoXcope to record their movements. Nematodes were allowed a 10 second acclimation period, and then movement was recorded for 30 seconds. The recordings were then analyzed using the software, WormLab, to calculate the average distance travelled by their mid-body at each of the four treatment levels. We performed a one-way ANOVA on our data and calculated a p-value of 0.122. For the lowest concentration, 0.10 M, the mean track length value was found to be 9.1 mm, while at the highest concentration mean track length was 22.6 mm. Although the average track length increased as NaCl concentration increased, statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the means. Therefore, we concluded that increasing salinity does not have a significant effect on the mid-body movement of C. elegans.
A Systematic Review of Factorial Structure of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS)

Background: The attitude towards lactation is one of the best predictors of breastfeeding. Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale (IIFAS) is used to measure the attitude toward lactation. IIFAS is a valid and reliable tool but factorial structure of this tool was reported various in different studies. The aim of this study is to assess factorial structure of IIFAS. Materials and Methods: An extensive search was done in databases of databases of Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL until May 2018. Two independent researchers screened articles and in the next step, full texts of probably relevant articles were read and summarized. The quality of studies was performed by COSMIN checklist. The following keywords were used: (Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale OR IIFAS) AND (Factor Analysis OR exploratory factor analysis OR confirmatory factor analysis OR Validity OR psychometric). Results: Six studies were assessed in systematic review. In Spanish version, single- factor solutions with 9 items in sample of 1,294 pregnancy women was tested and showed a satisfactory fit to the data. In Japanese version, authors provided single-factor- model with 16 items. Factors loading were ranged from -0.06 to 0.68. Arabic version, EFA identified 6 factors with eigenvalues more than 1 explained 61% of total variance. However, scree plot suggested unidimensional structure. In Chinese version, EFA extracted four factors and labeled "Favorable to breastfeeding", "Favorable to formula-feeding", "Convenience" and "Sociological influences". In Canadian and Singapore version, the most sense model based on EFA was a three –factors model and labeled "Favorable to breast feeding", "Convenience" and "Favorable to formula feeding". Conclusion: Four-factor model and three- factor model can be used in clinical practices and research. There is a need to further test single-factor model.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on indian mustard and soil fertility

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2008-09 and 2009-10 at Bichpuri (Agra) to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity, quality and uptake of nutrient by Indian mustard and soil fertility. Application of 75% NPK and 5 t FYM ha-1 produced significantly higher seed (2.09 t ha-1) and stover (6.00 t ha-1) yield over either only 100% inorganic fertilizer (4%) or FYM (50%). On an average, seed and stover yields of Indian mustard increased by 37.4 and 45.8, 62.8 and 70.6 and 74.0 and 83.5 % with application of 50, 75 and 100% over control, respectively. Application of FYM (5 t ha-1) alone enhanced the seed and stover yield by 20.6 and 24.1 % over control. The maximum protein (429.3 kg ha-1) and oil (869.0 kg ha-1) yields were also recorded with 75% NPK + 5 t FYM ha-1. The highest uptake of N, P, K and S was also associated with the conjunctive use of 75% NPK and FYM treatment. The maximum values of available N (175 kg ha-1), P (12.0 kg ha-1) and K (155.0 kg ha-1) were noted under 100% NPK alone. On the other hand, maximum value of availableS (17.1 kg ha-1) was noted with 75% NPK + 5 t FYM ha-1.
Corporate Carbon Performance Indicators

The dependency on carbon‐based materials and energy sources and the emission of greenhouse gases have been recognized as major problems of the 21st century. Companies are central to the effort to grapple with these issues due to the large material flows they process and their capabilities for technological innovation. It is important, on the one hand, to determine the individual stake companies have in these issues and, on the other, to measure companies' performance. Since the results of studies thus far have been ambiguous, we define four comprehensive and systematic corporate carbon performance indicators: (1) Carbon intensity is physically oriented and represents a company's carbon use in relation to a business metric. (2) Carbon dependency illustrates the change in physical carbon performance within a given time period. (3) Carbon exposure reveals the financial implications of using and emitting carbon. (4) Carbon risk estimates the change in financial implications of carbon usage within a given time period. On the basis of these general definitions, we specify the indicators for a standardized application that can support two important stakeholders in their decision making: policy makers, who can include such information when evaluating current climate policies and formulating future ones, and investors and financial institutions, which can compare companies with respect to their carbon performance and corresponding financial effects.
Is There a Relationship Between Health-Promoting Lifestyle and General Health Among Working Women? Evidence From Iran

Background: Iran is in transition from tradition to modernity, and women employees are doubly laden with this transition. The assessment of lifestyle and its relationship with the general health of women working for universities (as the progressive organizations) can pave the way for designing and applying the ideas of health-promoting organizations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and general health among women working in the public universities of Lorestan province, Iran. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population consists of all the women working for Lorestan University and Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The sampling method was stratified random. The instruments were the valid and reliable Health-Promoting Lifestyle and General Health questionnaires. The data were analyzed by means of the SPSS-20 software and tests such as Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation, the Independent t-test, and regression models. Results: The mean scores of women’s health-promoting lifestyle in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and those of Lorestan University were respectively 51.92 ± 14.4 and 53.43 ± 12.7. The mean scores of women’s general health in above-mentioned universities were respectively 27.98 ± 13.51 and 26.42 ± 11.76. There was a significant correlation between the health-promoting lifestyle and the general health scores among the above-mentioned women (r = 0.45, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Health-promoting lifestyle is a good predictor of general health among working women. Therefore, in order to promote general health among working women, it is recommended that their recruiting organizations provide the necessary regulations, facilities, and processes for their adoption of a health promoting lifestyle. © 2018, Author(s).
Effects of Guided and Semi - Guided Laboratory Investigations on Sixth Grade Students’ Conceptualization Levels

The present study is an attempt to enlighten the effects of two different types of investigation techniques on sixth graders’ conceptualization levels related to the concepts of physical and chemical changes. The study was carried out with the six graders in a public primary school located in an economically disadvantaged district of Istanbul. Eighty students were selected as the sample of the study and two homogeneous groups (n=40) were formed by matching subjects with their science grades and science attitude scores. However, only 27 of the students in the first subgroup and 23 of the students in the second subgroup completed all the treatments. Science Attitude Scale (Togrol, 2000) was used in order to determine students’ attitudes towards science. Science Concept Scale-Physical and Chemical Changes is the second instrument used to measure students’ conceptualization levels related to the selected science concepts-physical and chemical changes. Two groups treated with guided investigations, and two groups treated with semi-guided investigations. During guided investigations, the procedure of the tasks were given to the students explicitly by the teacher, during semi-guided investigations students find out the procedures by themselves and continue their investigations according to their own procedures. Results of the study indicates that both types of investigations cause positive developments on six graders’ conceptualization levels (guided df=26, t=-7.13, p=.000; semi-guided df=22, t=-6.17, p= .000). In addition, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted in order to find out whether there is a difference between the conceptualization levels of students who were treated with different investigation techniques. Although the result of this analysis did not indicate a statistically significant difference between the effects of these laboratory investigations on students’ conceptualizations, it is found that the number of incorrect answers or answers which include alternative conceptions for the students who were treated with guided investigations are more comparing with the other group. Also, the number of completely correct answers given by the students who were treated with semi -guided investigations is more than the ones who were treated with guided investigations.
Hot and cold ethnicities: modes of Ethnolinguistic Vitality

Abstract The paper presents the summary of the special issue of JMMD ‘Ethnolinguistic vitality’. The volume shows convincingly that ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions as measured by standard methodology such as the Subjective Ethnolinguistic Vitality Questionnaires (SEVQ) are not reliable indicators of actual vitality. Evidence that ethnolinguistic behaviour is more affected by social structural factors and by members' motivations than by their subjective vitality perceptions is summarised. Based on these findings, it is proposed that ethnolinguistic vitality, i.e. the group's ability to behave as an active collective entity, depends on the emotional attachment of its members to this collective identity. This suggests that when high vitality is achieved by affective involvement, the rational arguments for being aligned to one or the other group measured by SEVQ lose their force. From this it follows that groups have two prototypical modes of operation, ‘hot’ and ‘cold’, or a scale of modes between these extremes; and that ethnolinguistic vitality is achieved at least to some extent by different means in different modes. An overview of factors affecting ethnolinguistic vitality modes is presented.
Global Value Chains and Developing Country Employment: A Literature Review

This paper provides a review of the available literature on global value chains (GVCs) and employment markets in developing countries. Due to the difficulty of observing intra-GVC transactions, there is very little direct empirical work on GVCs and labour markets. However, it is possible to extrapolate from the extensive empirical work already undertaken on firm internationalisation and labour markets to draw inferences as to the likely impacts of GVCs. The review therefore focuses on the labour market impacts of three processes that lie at the core of GVC development: importing, exporting, and foreign direct investment (FDI). It examines their impact on labour demand and wages, and disaggregates the effects whenever possible by skill level. The available empirical evidence strongly suggests that the type of activities undertaken by GVC participants influence labour market outcomes. For instance, many GVC firms are vectors of technological upgrading that in turn increases the relative demand for skilled labour. In these cases, GVC participation is linked to higher relative wages for skilled workers, but also greater wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. The evidence on outcomes is more mixed as regards pure processing trade (assembly), however: the limited data available on firms engaged purely in these activities suggests that they do not systematically pay higher wages than domestic firms, which is the reverse of the finding for foreign-owned firms, exporters, and importers in general. The labour market effects of GVCs in developing countries are therefore likely to be broadly positive, but highly case specific. The review therefore concludes with two case studies—electronics in Asia and services in Chile—that demonstrate the complexity of the issues involved, and the role of complementary policies in areas such as human capital development.
Relative quasiconvexity using fine hyperbolic graphs

We provide a new and elegant approach to relative quasiconvexity for relatively hyperbolic groups in the context of Bowditch’s approach to relative hyperbolicity using cocompact actions on fine hyperbolic graphs. Our approach to quasiconvexity generalizes the other definitions in the literature that apply only for countable relatively hyperbolic groups. We also provide an elementary and self-contained proof that relatively quasiconvex subgroups are relatively hyperbolic. 20F06, 20F65, 20F67
Does Early Kurmanji Speaking Bilingualism Lead to Better Academic Performance? The Role of Working Memory and Reading Performance

The relationship among WMC (working memory capacity), reading performance and academic achievement is both logically and theoretically undisputable. However, what may not be as obvious is that such capacity and performance, and as a result, achievement, could be higher among ECBL (early childhood bilingual) students. To reaffirm the obvious and explore what may not be so obvious in some quarters, two groups of randomly selected female third graders (200 Farsi speaking and 200 Farsi and Kurmanji speaking) were tested and compared on these characteristics. The measures used were Riding’s instrument for measuring WMC and Kormi-Nouri and associates’ tests of reading performance. Moreover, academic achievement was defined to be the average of scores obtained by students at their final school exams in math, science and Farsi. Analysis of regression was then performed to determine which construct served as the best predictor of academic achievement in both groups. Based on the results, ECBL girls were superior to their ML (monolingual) counterparts in all three areas. Findings also showed that both WMC and reading performance are strong predictors of school achievement for both groups. However, the memory capacity was the strongest predictor of achievement for both groups. Possible links among bilingualism and better WMC and reading performance are discussed in order to explain the better school achievement by ECBL students.
Avifaunal interchange across the Panamanian isthmus: Insights from Campylorhynchus wrens

The fossil record of mammals records a major interchange of northern and southern faunas in the New World, upon closure of the Panamanian isthmus approximately 3 Mya, termed the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). Due to their poor preservation in the fossil record, the degree of participation of birds in this interchange remains largely unknown. A phylogeny for wrens of the genus Campylorhynchus (Aves: Passeriformes) was reconstructed using DNA sequences from the mitochondrial control region and cytochrome b gene. This phylogeny, in combination with biogeographical inference and molecular clock methods, allows estimates of the importance of Late Pliocene interchange to the history of the group. Biogeographical reconstructions and divergence date estimates suggest that the genus began diversification in North America prior to closure of the Panamanian isthmus, consistent with a hypothesized North American origin for the family Troglodytidae. These reconstructions are consistent with pre-GABI dispersal of at most a single Campylorhynchus lineage into South America, with subsequent dispersal of additional lineages, probably across the fully formed isthmus. Increased sampling of avian taxa with widespread New World distributions will continue to clarify the timing and direction of continental interchange. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 90, 687–702.
Variation in seed germination and seedling growth in some diverse lines of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under salt stress

To assess inter-cultivar variation for salt tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), 10 available lines [Safflower-31, Safflower-32, Safflower-33, Safflower-34, Safflower-35, Safflower36, Safflower-37, Safflower-38, Safflower-39 and Safflower-78] were screened at five levels (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 mM) of NaCl at the germination and seedling stages. Salt stress caused a marked reduction in germination percentage and fresh and dry biomass of the seedlings of all 10 accessions of safflower. Maximum reduction was observed at higher levels (180 and 240 mM) of NaCl. Accessions Safflower-31 and Safflower-35 had higher germination percentage and seedling shoot dry weight than the other lines particularly at 180 and 240 mM of NaCl, but in contrast, Safflower-32, Safflower-33, Safflower-37, Safflower-38, and Safflower-78 were the lowest in germination percentage and shoot dry weight. Although a considerable magnitude of variation for salt tolerance was observed in a set of 10 available lines of safflower at the germination and seedling stages, it is not certain whether such variation exists at the later stages of growth. This needs to be further investigated.
ERASMUS STUDENT TRAVEL MOTIVATIONS: A FACTOR-CLUSTER SEGMENTATION APPROACH

Using a factor-cluster market segmentation approach, this study analyses the motivations for incoming and outgoing Erasmus student travel. Based on six delineated push and pull motivation factors, cluster analysis was employed to identify similar respondents, based on their motivations. The findings show that there are three distinct groups: the socio-cultural student traveller, the synergistic student traveller and the entrepreneur student traveller. Gender is the variable identified as statistically more significant among the three groups. The article concludes with suggestions for the internationalization of higher education institutions and the marketing implications for tourism destinations in relation to the student market.