Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selection of Optimal Embedding Parameters Applied to Short and Noisy Time Series from Rössler System

Throughout scientific research, the state space reconstruction that embeds a non-linear time series is the first and necessary step for characterizing and predicting the behavior of a complex system. This requires to choose appropriate values of time delay T and embedding dimension dE. Three methods are applied and discussed on nonlinear time series provided by the Rossler attractor equations set: Cao’s method, the C-C method developed by Kim et al. and the C-C-1 method developed by Cai et al. A way to fix a parameter necessary to implement the last method is given. Focus has been put on small size and/or noisy time series. The reconstruction quality is measured by using a criterion based on the transformation smoothness.
Mathematical Cognition 1 A Parallel-Distributed Processing Approach to Mathematical Cognition1

How should we think about the nature of our knowledge of mathematical concepts, and the mechanisms we use to learn and use these concepts when we do mathematics? Here we describe a perspective on the answers to these questions and a future research program to address them that is grounded, in part, in the parallel distributed processing [PDP] approach to cognition and learning [1,2] implemented in artificial neural networks. We begin with a more basic question, namely the nature of mathematics and mathematical reasoning, and proceed from there to consider mathematical knowledge, learning, and thinking, stressing the roles of culture and experience in the creation and learning of mathematics. We then review the PDP perspective on the nature of knowledge and learning, and consider how it can address many findings in the mathematical cognition literature, and how it provides alternative ways of understanding what nature may provide and what nurture may create. Next we discuss the exciting challenges facing the approach and how they might be addressed, organizing the discussion around the question: How might a neural network-based approach meet the challenge of learning to achieve a level of competence in algebra and geometry sufficient to pass a highschool proficiency exam in geometry, in a human-like way, from experiences similar to those of human learners? We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the approach for learners and teachers of mathematics and for the processes of teaching and learning.
A daily diary study of relationships between feelings of gratitude and well-being

Abstract Much of the research on relationships between gratitude and well-being has concerned between-person level relationships, and this research suggests that increasing people’s feelings of gratitude can increase their well-being. To complement this research, we examined such relationships at the within-person level. Participants (N = 130) in the present study described their well-being and how grateful they felt each day for two weeks. MLM analyses found that at the within-person level, daily feelings of gratitude and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being were positively related. Lagged analyses found that feelings of gratitude on one day were positively related to hedonic (but not eudaimonic) well-being on the next day, and well-being on one day was not related to gratitude on the next day. These results complement existing research and suggest that causal relationships between gratitude and well-being may vary as a function of whether gratitude is measured in more affective or cognitive terms.
Soil Physico-Bio-Chemical Properties under Poplar Indian Mustard Inter Cropping System

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2008-10 at Agroforestry Research Centre, Pantnagar, India with aim to examine the effect of different levels of recommended Nitrogen (N): Phosphorus (P): Potassium (K) (NPK) on soil physico-bio-chemical properties under varying poplar tree densities with mustard introcropping. Lower soil bulk density was recorded under 1000 trees/ha density compared to sole crop in both the year. Soil bulk density (BD) decreased underneath trees. However, soil pH, available N and K were not influenced by tree density in both the years. Electrical conductivity (EC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) increased underneath trees of either tree density compared to sole crop in both the years. Significantly ( P<0.05 ) higher available P was recorded under 1000 trees/ha density compared to 250 and 500 trees/ha densities including sole crop in 2008-09. Similarly, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) increased with increasing the tree density and significantly ( P<0.01 ) higher value was recorded under 1000 trees/ha density compared to sole crop and sparse density both the years except 2009-10, where 500 and 1000 trees/ha densities remain statistically at par. On the other hand, dehydrogenase activity (DA) was maximum under 500 trees/ha density compared to sole crop and 1000 trees/ha density in both the years. Among the fertility levels, the maximum SOC and available N were recorded with 75% compared to 50, 100 and 125% of recommended NPK in 2008-09, except available N with 100% of recommended NPK. But, available P was more with 100% of recommended NPK in 2008-09. Similarly, maximum SMBC were recorded with 75 % compared to higher doses of recommended NPK in both the years. Similarly, BD, EC, SOC, available N, P and K were recorded maximum and soil pH minimum in 0-15 cm soil layers compared deeper layers. Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.1 2015 pp.14-20
A tropospheric chemistry reanalysis for the years 2005–2012 based on an assimilation of OMI, MLS, TES, and MOPITT satellite data

Abstract. We present the results from an 8-year tropospheric chemistry reanalysis for the period 2005–2012 obtained by assimilating multiple data sets from the OMI, MLS, TES, and MOPITT satellite instruments. The reanalysis calculation was conducted using a global chemical transport model and an ensemble Kalman filter technique that simultaneously optimises the chemical concentrations of various species and emissions of several precursors. The optimisation of both the concentration and the emission fields is an efficient method to correct the entire tropospheric profile and its year-to-year variations, and to adjust various tracers chemically linked to the species assimilated. Comparisons against independent aircraft, satellite, and ozonesonde observations demonstrate the quality of the analysed O3, NO2, and CO concentrations on regional and global scales and for both seasonal and year-to-year variations from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere. The data assimilation statistics imply persistent reduction of model error and improved representation of emission variability, but they also show that discontinuities in the availability of the measurements lead to a degradation of the reanalysis. The decrease in the number of assimilated measurements increased the ozonesonde-minus-analysis difference after 2010 and caused spurious variations in the estimated emissions. The Northern/Southern Hemisphere OH ratio was modified considerably due to the multiple-species assimilation and became closer to an observational estimate, which played an important role in propagating observational information among various chemical fields and affected the emission estimates. The consistent concentration and emission products provide unique information on year-to-year variations in the atmospheric environment.
Prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection among patients in Hawassa city administration millennium health center, Ethiopia

Intestinal protozoa are single celled eukaryotic microorganisms belonging to animal kingdom. There are greater than 20,000 named species of protozoa, from those nearly 10,000 species are parasitic in invertebrates and almost all vertebrates. It estimates that as much as 60% of the world population is infected with intestinal parasites, which may play a significant role in morbidity due to intestinal infection. Intestinal protozoa parasitic infections are among the most common worldwide. It estimate that some 3.5 billion people are affected and 450 million ill as a result of these infection.1
A multilayer physically based snowpack model simulating direct and indirect radiative impacts of light-absorbing impurities in snow

Abstract. Light-absorbing impurities (LAIs) decrease snow albedo, increasing the amount of solar energy absorbed by the snowpack. Its most intuitive and direct impact is to accelerate snowmelt. Enhanced energy absorption in snow also modifies snow metamorphism, which can indirectly drive further variations of snow albedo in the near-infrared part of the solar spectrum because of the evolution of the near-surface snow microstructure. New capabilities have been implemented in the detailed snowpack model SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus (referred to as Crocus) to account for impurities' deposition and evolution within the snowpack and their direct and indirect impacts. Once deposited, the model computes impurities' mass evolution until snow melts out, accounting for scavenging by meltwater. Taking advantage of the recent inclusion of the spectral radiative transfer model TARTES (Two-stream Analytical Radiative TransfEr in Snow model) in Crocus, the model explicitly represents the radiative impacts of light-absorbing impurities in snow. The model was evaluated at the Col de Porte experimental site (French Alps) during the 2013–2014 snow season against in situ standard snow measurements and spectral albedo measurements. In situ meteorological measurements were used to drive the snowpack model, except for aerosol deposition fluxes. Black carbon (BC) and dust deposition fluxes used to drive the model were extracted from simulations of the atmospheric model ALADIN-Climate. The model simulates snowpack evolution reasonably, providing similar performances to our reference Crocus version in terms of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), near-surface specific surface area (SSA) and shortwave albedo. Since the reference empirical albedo scheme was calibrated at the Col de Porte, improvements were not expected to be significant in this study. We show that the deposition fluxes from the ALADIN-Climate model provide a reasonable estimate of the amount of light-absorbing impurities deposited on the snowpack except for extreme deposition events which are greatly underestimated. For this particular season, the simulated melt-out date advances by 6 to 9 days due to the presence of light-absorbing impurities. The model makes it possible to apportion the relative importance of direct and indirect impacts of light-absorbing impurities on energy absorption in snow. For the snow season considered, the direct impact in the visible part of the solar spectrum accounts for 85 % of the total impact, while the indirect impact related to accelerated snow metamorphism decreasing near-surface specific surface area and thus decreasing near-infrared albedo accounts for 15 % of the total impact. Our model results demonstrate that these relative proportions vary with time during the season, with potentially significant impacts for snowmelt and avalanche prediction.
Laboratory evaluation of neutropenia and neutrophil function, as well as various disorders associated with neutropenia are discussed separately. (See "Laboratory evaluation of neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction" and "Congenital neutropenia" and "Cyclic neutropenia" and "Primary immune neutropeni

INTRODUCTION — This topic review will provide an overview of the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of neutropenia when it occurs as an isolated or predominant feature. Neutropenia is also a common manifestation of bone marrow defects associated with reductions in red cells and platelets, such as aplastic anemia, leukemia, myelodysplasia, megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, and the administration of chemotherapy. These disorders are reviewed separately.
Pore structure, barrier layer topography and matrix alumina structure of porous anodic alumina film

Different anodic voltages and methods were adopted to produce porous anodic alumina fi lms (PAAF) in an aqueous solution of oxalic acid. Carbon tube growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in the fi lms was used to copy the internal pore structure and was recorded by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photos. Atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed to obtain the topography of the barrier layer of the corresponding fi lms. When the anodic voltage was 40 V and the two-step method adopted, the barrier layer of the fi lm had domains with highly ordered hexagonal cell distribution, and the corresponding pores were straight. When the anodic voltage increased to 60 V, the barrier layer showed random cell distribution with an obvious difference in cell size and form, and the corresponding pores exhibited multi-branch features. When the anodic voltage increased further to 110 V, the barrier layer also showed a random cell distribution. Additionally, smaller protrusions connected to bigger cells were found, which can be correlated to the formation of branches with smaller diameters. Most of the branches of carbon tubes grown in the fi lm anodized at 110 V have a saw-tooth like feature. X-Ray diffraction analysis shows that all the anodic fi lms are amorphous, regardless of the anodic voltage. However, unoxidized aluminum particles in the fi lm anodized at 110 V was observed by TEM. Author
Sosyo Ekonomik Değişkenlerin Öğrencilerin Akademik Başarısı Üzerine Etkileri

Ogrencinin akademik basarisini etkileyen pek cok faktor vardir. Anne ve baba egitimi, ebeveynlerin meslegi, ailenin ekonomik durumu ve ailedeki kardes sayisi ogrenci basarisini degistiren faktorlerdendir. Bazi sosyal, kulturel ve ekonomik nedenlerin ogrenci basarisini etkiledigi gorulmustur. Bu arastirmanin amaci ogrencilerin akademik basarilarina etki eden cinsiyet, ebeveyn egitimi ve meslegi, ekonomik durumu ve kardes sayisi faktorlerinin ogrenci basarisi uzerindeki iliskisini tespit etmektir. Tarama yontemiyle yurutulen arastirmada farkli okullardan 691 ogrenciye anket uygulanmistir. Ogrencilerin akademik basarilari e-okul sistemindeki notlarina gore hesaplanmistir. Ogrencilerin akademik basarilarini belirleyen not ortalamalarinin normallik dagilimini belirlemek icin Kolmogorov-Simirnov (K-S) testi uygulanmistir. Analizler sonucunda verilerin, nanparametrik oldugu anlasilmistir. Ogrenci basarisinin cinsiyete gore ve anne meslegi degiskenine gore incelemek icin Manny-Whitney U Testi uygulanmistir. Ogrenci basarisini baba egitimi, meslegi, ailenin ekonomik durumu ve ailedeki kardes sayisina oranini nasil etkiledigi Kruskal-Wallis Testi uygulanarak belirlenmeye calisilmistir. Arastirma sonucu elde edilen bulgulara gore bazi degiskenler acisindan anlamli sonuclar ortaya cikmakta iken bazi degiskenlere gore farklilik gozlenmemistir.
Parametric Analysis of Ship Squat in Shallow Water by Model Test

Reduction of distance between the ship fl oor and the seabed when a ship is moving forward is called squat. Squat causes grounding of the ship that may result in severe damage to the ship and in extreme cases may lead to complete loss of port or channel capabilities. If a ship moves in the shallow waters then the velocity of the fl uid fl ow at the bottom of the ship increases and the pressure decreases which in turn leads to the decrease of buoyancy force and the increase of the ship draught. The purpose of the presented research was to determine the squat for vessels with the Series-60 hull forms in various depths by experimental methods. For this reason, a set of facilities for testing the ship movement in shallow waters were prepared and then the measurement tools were calibrated. A series of models of the vessel were manufactured and many tests were carried out. Disregarding the non-acceptable data, the test results were analyzed in various depths and draughts. To generalize the test results, some new non-dimensional squat parameters were introduced. The examination of the test data through regression analysis resulted in an empirical equation for ship squat as a function of ship parameters as well as depth of the water.
Windstorms as mediator of soil nematode community changes: Evidence from European spruce forest

Summary Nematode communities in a Norway spruce forest in High Tatra National Park, Slovakia were monitored for the period of several years (2006 and 2013). Unfortunately, in May 2014 natural windstorm damaged the forest. This disastrous event, together with preliminary obtained results allowed us to compare the direct impact of windstorm damage of forest habitat on soil nematode assemblages. The forest destruction by windstorm had a significant effect on the total nematode abundance, the abundance of omnivores and herbivores, as well as the nematode species diversity. The most dominant species, representing 55 % of the total nematode fauna, in the plot studied were Acrobeloides nanus followed by Malenchus exiguus, Filenchus vulgaris, Plectus communis, Plectus parvus and Tylencholaimus mirabilis. The abundance of bacterivorous signifi cantly increased after the windstorm, meanwhile the abundance of omnivores, fungivores, and herbivores ectoparasites and epidermal/root hair feeders showed an opposite trend. Of the evaluative indicators, Shannon species diversity (H’spp), maturity index (MI), maturity index 2-5 (MI2-5), sigma maturity index (ΣMI), enrichment index (EI) and structure index (SI) decreased significantly after windstorm. The EI and SI indexes characterized soil ecosystems before windstorm (2006 - 2013) as maturing with low or moderate disturbance, but soil ecosystems shortly after the windstorm (2014) were degraded and nutrient depleted. This also corresponded with graphical display of metabolic footprints characteristics of soil food web. Overall, the nematode communities differed significantly before and after forest damage. These results suggest the role of nematode communities as indicators of environment condition quality or its disruption.
PERFORMANCE, NITROGEN UTILISATION AND GRAZING BEHAVIOUR FROM LATE-LACTATION DAIRY COWS OFFERED A FRESH ALLOCATION OF A RYEGRASS-BASED PASTURE EITHER IN THE MORNING OR IN THE AFTERNOON

The consumption of a more balanced fermentable carbon to nitrogen (C to N) ratio from fresh forages can potentially enhance dry matter (DM) intake, lactation performance, and N utilisation in dairy cows, particularly those in late lactation. Eighty lactating cows were used to examine the effects of allocating a morning (~0730 h, AM; two herds) vs. an afternoon (~1530 h, PM; two herds) fresh strip of a ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)-based pasture on lactation performance, N utilisation, and grazing behaviour. The trial was conducted at the Massey University N o 4 Dairy farm during April, 2010. Cows grazed on the same strip for a 24-hour period, and were offered the same daily DM allowance. Pasture composition differed among treatments; herbage from the PM treatment had greater DM (22.7 vs. 19.9%; P = 0.008), organic matter (OM; 89.5 vs. 88.9%; P < 0.001) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC; 10.9 vs. 7.6%; P < 0.001) concentrations, primarily at the expense of crude protein (CP; 20.5 vs. 22.2%; P < 0.001) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF; 48.8 vs. 50.4%; P = 0.02). Estimates of DM intake, from pre- and post-grazing herbage masses (HM), did not differ among treatments. Although daily milk yields were similar among treatments, trends towards greater milk fat, milk protein, and milksolids (MS) yields for cows on the PM treatment (1228 vs. 1132 g MS/cow; P = 0.08) were observed. Estimates of urinary N excretion (g/d) did not differ among treatments; urinary N concentration (g/L) was greater in samples collected during the morning (6.2 vs. 5.0 g/L, P < 0.001). Initial HM available (kg DM/ha) and instantaneous HM disappearance rates (kg DM/ha and per hour) did not differ among treatments, but fractional disappearance rates (0.56 vs. 0.74%/hour for AM vs. PM treatments, respectively) differed among treatments (P = 0.04). Despite similar partitioning of N towards urine, given similar amounts of herbage allocation, a simple change in management practice such as allocating a fresh strip later in the day resulted in moderate increases in N captured in milk and MS yields in late-lactation dairy cows.
Carbon nanotubes under electron irradiation : Stability of the tubes and their action as pipes for atom transport

The production and migration of carbon interstitials in carbon nanotubes under electron irradiation is studied experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that the threshold for displacing carbon atoms and the defect production rate strongly depend on the diameter of the nanotubes. Multiwalled nanotubes shrink by a loss of atoms and by diffusion of interstitials through the inner hollow in the axial direction. Thus, experimental evidence is given that nanotubes can act as nanoscale pipes for the transport of atoms.
New Axioms for Probability and Likelihood Ratio Measures

Probability ratio and likelihood ratio measures of inductive support and related notions have appeared as theoretical tools for probabilistic approaches in the philosophy of science, the psychology of reasoning, and artificial intelligence. In an effort of conceptual clarification, several authors have pursued axiomatic foundations for these two families of measures. Such results have been criticized, however, as relying on unduly demanding or poorly motivated mathematical assumptions. We provide two novel theorems showing that probability ratio and likelihood ratio measures can be axiomatized in a way that overcomes these difficulties. 1 Introduction 2 Axioms for Probability Ratio Measures 3 Axioms for Likelihood Ratio Measures 4 Discussion 1 Introduction 2 Axioms for Probability Ratio Measures 3 Axioms for Likelihood Ratio Measures 4 Discussion
GLOBAL H∞ CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR DISCRETE-TIME BILINEAR SYSTEMS WITH UNDAMPERED NATURAL RESPONSE

Abstract In this paper the problem of H ∞ -control design is presented for a class of discrete-time single-input multi-output bilinear systems with undampered natural response. The sufficient conditions for the existence of the global H ∞ -controllers are obtained via homogeneous-like state feedback and dynamic output feedback, respectively. The technique used in this paper is based on the concepts of dissipation inequality, LaSalle invariant principle and linear matrix inequality in discrete time.