Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-interval absorption and metabolism of some amino acids in Trypanosoma gambiense

During 2 min incubations of Trypanosoma gambiense (bloodstream form) with [U-14C]glucose (1 mM) over 60% of absorbed label was detected in free alanine. In the presence of 12·5 mM unlabelled alanine, the amount of alanine synthesized from glucose was reduced by less than 10%. These data support previous observations on the high level of transaminase activity in African human trypanosomes. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate were metabolized to various other free amino acids whereas a significant amount of label derived from [14C]arginine could not be accounted for by amino acid assay. The sulphur containing amino acids, cysteic acid and taurine, were apparently synthesized from alanine, glutamate and arginine. The significance of these syntheses is poorly understood. Following incubations of trypanosomes for 2 min in exogenous amino acids the internal free pool became imbalanced due to accumulation and metabolism of the substrate amino acid. Evidence obtained indicated that the level of free endogenous glutamate may be rate limiting for the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase system.
Effects of Exhaustion Test on Semen Characteristics and Blood Composition of Shaded and Unshaded Sudanese Desert Rams (Ovis aries)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of exhaustion test(frequent ejaculation) on blood composition and semen characteristics of shaded and unshaded Hamari desert rams. Eight rams were divided into two groups, shaded (n=4) and unshaded (n=4) which were exposed to direct solar radiation for five weeks. The exhaustion test was performed for both group alternatively every 30 min. in the 4 and 5 week of the th th experiment for three successive days. Blood samples were collected pre and post-exhaustion test and analyzed as well as semen samples. In both groups, exhaustion test significantly lowered the total leukocytes count (TLC), packed cell volume(PCV), total serum protein (STP) and plasma glucose (PLG) levels. However, in shaded rams the monocytes ratio and serum urea (SU) concentration were significantly increased and the eosinophils ratio significantly decreased. Frequent ejaculation significantly lowered, the ejaculate volume(EV), sperm individual motility (SIM) sperm cell concentration (SCC) and increased abnormal sperm (ABS) percent and semen pH of shaded rams. Exhaustion test of unshaded rams significantly increased the SIM in the 1 day, life st sperm percent (LSP) and SCC in the 3 day and ABS in the 2 day. However, it significantly decreased EV, SCC rd nd in the 1 day, ABS in the 1 and 3 day and SIM.in the last day. It is concluded that the frequency of ejaculation st st rd had impacts on semen characteristics and blood parameters of shaded and unshaed desert rams.
Seasonal Pheromone Trap Catches of Male Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Northern California: Asynchrony with Host (Olive Tree) Phenology?

ABSTRACT Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae, Dacinae) is an oligophagous species that feeds only on cultivated olives (Olea europaea L.) and its close relatives. Synchrony of seasonal activity patterns of B. oleae, the olive fruit fly with its host's phenology is therefore expected. The objective of this study was to monitor the male olive fruit fly response to female sex pheromone in the field. White sticky traps were deployed year round for 3 yr in an olive orchard in Oroville, CA. They were checked periodically, and flies captured were counted and sexed. Although males were captured regularly, the numbers of females captured on pheromone traps were negligible. Food-baited traps and water-baited traps were deployed to show the presence of flies in the field. Our hypothesis that males would respond to pheromone when females were available and olive fruits were susceptible for oviposition was partially supported. There were two peaks of high male captures in pheromone traps: spring and fall. In spring, females were available and mature but few acceptable olives were available for oviposition (no new crop olives yet). In fall, females were present but many of the new crop olives were already infested. The food baited traps confirmed the presence of flies in the field even when very few were being captured in the pheromone-baited traps. Traps containing only water caught only two flies showing that water alone or the trap type in itself was not attractive to files.
Vascularity and neuroreceptors of the pes anserinus: Anatomic Study

The primary aim of this work was to evaluate the neurovascular network of the pes anserinus (PA) at its tibial insertion because the PA is often used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Four fresh cadaver knees were injected with India ink gelatin solution and the arteries that supply blood to the PA were identified; microscopic studies of vessels and nerve fibers were also performed. Superficial and deep branches of the inferior medial genicular artery contribute to an arterial arch that courses deep to the PA insertion. A widespread array of small vessels and nerve fibers penetrate the PA insertion and course along the length of the gracilis and semitendinosus tendons. Computer analysis revealed that the mean diameter of the vessels decreased from 2,201 μm at the insertion to 661 μm midway along the length of the tendon (mean tendon length = 17 cm; range = 13–21 cm); the cross‐sectional area of the vessels per histologic section decreased from 336.37–137.05 μm2. This study demonstrates that the PA insertion is well vascularized and richly innervated and that these morphological features continue along the length of the tendons. Clin. Anat. 16:19–24, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of major depressive episode in two American Indian reservation populations: unexpected findings with a structured interview.

OBJECTIVE American Indian populations have often been considered to be at greater risk for major depressive episode than are other groups in the United States. The American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project (AI-SUPERPFP), completed between 1997 and 1999, was designed to allow comparisons with the baseline National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), conducted in 1990-1992. The prevalence of lifetime and 12-month DSM-III-R major depressive episode was compared between the AI-SUPERPFP and NCS samples. METHOD A total of 3,084 tribal members (1,446 in a Southwest tribe [73.7% of eligible participants] and 1,638 in a Northern Plains tribe [76.8% of eligible participants]) age 15-54 years living on or near their home reservations were interviewed. An adaptation of the University of Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the NCS algorithm for diagnosis were used to estimate the prevalence of lifetime and 12-month major depressive episode in these groups. RESULTS The prevalence estimates for lifetime and 12-month major depressive episode were substantially lower in the American Indian samples, compared to the NCS sample. Detailed analyses indicated differential endorsement of lifetime symptoms between the American Indian groups and the NCS participants. Furthermore, American Indians were substantially less likely than NCS participants to indicate that depressive symptoms had co-occurred during an episode lasting at least 2 weeks. The lifetime prevalence estimates based on the NCS algorithm ranged from 3.8% to 7.9% for men and women in the two tribes. The analogous rates based on an adapted AI-SUPERPFP algorithm ranged from 7.2% and 14.3%. Few tribe, age, and gender differences were found. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the need for careful examination of diagnostic instruments cross-culturally. Adaptation of the NCS algorithm for diagnosis appears necessary for estimation of the prevalence of major depressive episode in the American Indian populations included in this study. In striving to better reflect the clinical diagnostic process in epidemiological and services research, careful consideration of the resulting complexity becomes increasingly critical.
ISP y/o mediación intercultural: la realidad de los profesionales que trabajan en el contexto catalán

A fecha de hoy, buena parte de la investigacion en Interpretacion en los Servicios Publicos (ISP) se ha centrado en la definicion del perfil profesional del interprete en los servicios publicos y en establecer fronteras entre la ISP y la mediacion intercultural. Esta discusion teorica es el punto de partida del presente articulo, que se concentra en las especificidades de la ISP y de la mediacion intercultural en Cataluna, una region donde dichas practicas se encuentran, todavia, en plena profesionalizacion. Basandonos en entrevistas en profundidad a interpretes para la combinacion linguistica chino-catalan/espanol y a mediadores interculturales para el colectivo chino en Cataluna, el presente articulo ilustra con ejemplos reales el debate alrededor del rol del interprete en los servicios publicos. Los relatos de los informantes sobre sus propias experiencias demuestran que las situaciones a las que tienen que enfrentarse en su trabajo diario a menudo difuminan los limites entre los perfiles profesionales del interprete y del mediador. Como consecuencia, aparecen dudas frecuentes sobre su propio rol y funciones; dudas que, a su vez, se ven reforzadas por la organizacion y provision de la ISP y de la mediacion intercultural en Cataluna. Finalmente, se reflexionara sobre las implicaciones que esta realidad compleja puede tener en el diseno de programas de formacion para ISP y para mediacion intercultural.
Space division multiplexing (SDM) for OFDM systems

A promising solution for significant increase of the bandwidth efficiency and transmission capacity is the exploitation of the spatial dimension, by using space division multiplexing (SDM). SDM algorithms exploit the richly scattered (indoor) wireless channel by using multiple transmit and receive antennas. A new SDM technique, called maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) is proposed. The superior SNR performance of MLD compared to other SDM techniques is proven. To obtain an even higher bit rate and make the system more robust against intersymbol interference, (single-carrier) SDM is successfully applied to the spectrum efficient multi-carrier transmission technique orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).
Event-triggered observer-based output-feedback stabilization of linear system with communication delays in the measurements

In this paper, an original framework is proposed for the stabilization of a linear system with delays in the measurements: i) an observer estimates the full state information of the plant from a partial measurement, ii) an event-based control technique computes and updates the control signal only when a certain condition is satisfied and iii) an event-based corrector updates the model used to calculate the control law when it deviates from the estimated state. It is notably proved that such a proposal renders the closed-loop system stable for larger delays in the measurements than in the classical continuous-time control case. Simulation results are provided.
A Note on the Asymptotic Behavior of the LSE's of the Parameters for Superimposed Exponential Signals in Presence of Stationary Noise

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT Superimposed exponential signals play an important role in Statistical Signal Processing and Time series analysis. In this note, the asymptotic behavior of the least squares estimators of the parameters are obtained in presence of stationary noise for the undamped exponential model. It is well known that this model does not satisfy the sufficient conditions of Jennrich (1969), Wu (1981) or Kundu (1991) for the least squares estimators to be consistent even when the errors are independent and identically distributed random variables with mean zero and finite variance. This paper extends some of the earlier works of Hannan (1971, 1973), Walker (1971), Bai, Chen, Krishnaiah, Wu and Zhao (1991), Rao and Zhao (1993), Kundu (1995) and Kundu and Mitra (1996, 2000) in different ways. Some numerical experiments are performed to observe the small sample behavior of the least squares estimators.
Identifying current training provision and future training needs in allergy available for UK general practice trainees: national cross-sectional survey of General Practitioner Specialist Training programme directors.

BACKGROUND There are ongoing concerns about the quality of care provision for allergy in primary care. AIMS To identify current training provision in allergy to GP trainees and to understand how this could be enhanced. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of GP Speciality Training (GPST) programme directors was undertaken. Programme directors of the 174 GPST schemes were sent an online questionnaire which was informed by the content of the Royal College of General Practitioners curriculum. Quantitative data were descriptively analysed and a thematic analysis was undertaken of free text responses. RESULTS We obtained responses from 146 directors representing 106 training programmes. Responses indicated that two-thirds (62%, 95% CI 53.1 to 71.5) of programmes were providing at least some allergy training, with the remaining third stating that they either provided no training or were unsure. Overall, one-third (33%, 95% CI 22.7 to 42.2) of programme directors believed that all the relevant allergy-related curriculum requirements were being met. Where provided, this training was believed to be best for organ-specific allergic disorders but was thought to be poorer for systemic allergic disorders, particularly food allergy where 67% (95% CI 57.5 to 76.5) of respondents indicated that training was poor. There was considerable interest in increasing the allergy training provided, preferably through eLearning modules and problem-based learning materials supported by those with relevant specialist knowledge. CONCLUSIONS This UK-wide survey has identified important gaps in the training of GP trainees in relation to allergy care. Addressing these gaps, particularly in the management of systemic allergic disorders, should help to improve delivery of primary care-based allergy care.
The Cultural Construction of Contemporary Satanic Legends in Israel

This paper is based on a text analysis of the contents of sixty-three newspaper articles published in the local Israeli press covering “Cult of Satan” activities. The response in the form of an anti-satanic movement in Israel and its rhetorical narrative are compared with phenomena in other western countries. Analysis focuses on why Satanism has remained more on the level of emergence and awareness in the press, and has not resulted in any grassroots mobilisation or official intervention in Israel.
Les morsures de serpents en Afrique intertropicale

La frequence elevee des envenimations ophidiennes en Afrique au sud du Sahara est liee a la concentration d’especes venimeuses dans certains biotopes, notamment les milieux habites ou cultives ainsi qu’aux activites socio-economiques qui mettent l’homme au contact des serpents. Deux tableaux cliniques peuvent etre identifies, correspondant aux deux principales familles dangereuses : Elapidae et Viperidae. Au cours des envenimations cobraiques, les symptomes sont essentiellement neurotoxiques. La paralysie respiratoire est responsable du deces. Les envenimations viperines associent des lesions locales (œdeme, necrose) et un syndrome hemorragique mettant en jeu le pronostic vital. Ce type de morsure necessite une surveillance de la crase sanguine et de la fonction renale. La serotherapie est le seul traitement specifique. En cas d’envenimation patente, elle doit etre administree par voie veineuse, sous couvert de corticoides pour prevenir les risques allergiques. Un traitement symptomatique doit etre associe. Les envenimations cobraiques relevent d’une ventilation assistee en cas de difficulte respiratoire. Antalgiques et anti-inflammatoires seront utilises au cours des envenimations viperines. L’interet de l’heparino-therapie et de l’apport de facteurs de la coagulation est loin d’etre demontre : ces apports pourraient meme se reveler dangereux.
Collective and interpretive openings: perforated Gbe ritual ceramics at local, regional and Diasporic spheres of interpretation

Archaeologists use hand-built, low-fired, earthenware ceramics to build analogies connecting Africa to diasporic locales. Yet, the degree of specificity with which the individualising technologies, formal characteristics and decoration of excavated diasporic ceramics relate to particular African cultural groups, regions or sites is a matter of debate. This paper uses one class of perforated ceramics recovered from sites in coastal Bénin, West Africa, to explore the local and regional scales at which this class of ceramics holds cultural saliency in religious life. In so doing, it argues that archaeologists of Atlantic Africa must more thoroughly address regional trends in materiality and, in turn, proceed cautiously when using material culture to make point-to-point analogies that span the Atlantic.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics Real-time vehicle rerouting problems with time windows

This paper introduces and studies real-time vehicle rerouting problems with time windows, applicable to delivery and/or pickup services that undergo service disruptions due to vehicle breakdowns. In such problems, one or more vehicles need to be rerouted, in real-time, to perform uninitiated services, with the objective to minimize a weighted sum of operating, service cancellation and route disruption costs. A Lagrangian relaxation based-heuristic is developed, which includes an insertion based-algorithm to obtain a feasible solution for the primal problem. A dynamic programming based algorithm solves heuristically the shortest path problems with resource constraints that result from the Lagrangian relaxation. Computational experiments show that the developed Lagrangian heuristic performs very well. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Postnatal development of noradrenergic terminals in the rat trigeminal motor nucleus: A light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical analysis

The noradrenergic (NA) innervation in the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmot) of postnatal and adult rats was examined by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using antibodies against dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase or tyrosine hydroxylase. NA fibers were identified in the Vmot as early as the day of birth (postnatal day 0; P0). A continuous increase in the density of labeled fibers was observed during development up to P20, with a slight decrease at P30 and in the adult. Electron microscopic analysis of serial ultrathin sections revealed that, at P5, nearly half (46%) of the examined NA terminals made synaptic contact with other neuronal elements with membrane specializations. The percentage of examined NA varicosities engaged in synaptic contacts increased at P15 (74%), then decreased in the adult (64%). At all developmental ages, the majority of contacts made by these boutons were symmetrical, the postsynaptic elements being mainly dendrites and occasionally somata. Interestingly, some of the NA terminals made axo‐axon contacts with other unidentified boutons. These results show that, although the density of NA fibers increases during postnatal development, functional NA boutons are present in the Vmot at early postnatal ages. Some of these fibers might exert their effects via nonsynaptic release of noradrenaline, the so‐called volume transmission, but, in the main, they form conventional synaptic contacts with dendrites, somata, and other axonal terminals in the Vmot. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological studies that propose an important role for the NA system in modulating mastication. Anat Rec, 290:96–107, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[Analysis of the prognosis of 111 patients with gastric cancer or adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction combined with pleural or abdominal effusion].

OBJECTIVE To explore the prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer (GC) or adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) combined with malignant pleural and/or abdominal effusion. METHODS Clinicopathological data of 111 GC or AEG patients with malignant pleural and/or abdominal effusion treated in our hospital from January 2001 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The median survival time for the whole group of 111 patients was 6 months. Effusion disappeared in 12 patients, was reduced in 36 cases, with no changes in 15 cases, and increased in 48 patients. The effusion control rate was 56.8%. Effusion was better controlled in female patients, with simple abdominal ascites, Karnovsky performance scores ≥ 80, with no liver metastases, effusion at initial diagnosis, and effective response to systemic chemotherapy.Univariate analysis showed that patients of female sex, Karnovsky performance scores ≥ 80, effusion present at initial diagnosis, simple abdominal ascites, minimal volume of effusion, absence of liver metastasis, control of effusion, initial treatment with effusions and effective response to systemic chemotherapy, normal hemoglobin, albumin, direct and indirect bilirubin levels showed better prognosis (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that liver metastases, control of effusions were independent prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Female patients, simple abdominal ascites, KPS scores ≥ 80, ascites at initial diagnosis, no liver metastases and effective systemic chemotherapy seem to have a better control of the malignant effusion. Patients with no liver metastases and effective control of effusion have a longer survival time.
Pitch accent realization in four varieties of British English

In intonation languages, the realization of pitch accents varies with the application of phonetic effects such as “truncation” and “compression”. These effects can change the surface form of accents but do not affect the inventory of phonological contrasts. Cross-linguistic differences in the application of truncation and compression have been attested for the standard varieties of English and German, and cross-varietal differences have been shown to apply within Swedish and Danish. This paper provides evidence for cross-varietal differences in truncation and compression in four varieties of British English. We show that speakers of Cambridge English and Newcastle English compress rising and falling accents, but in Leeds English, in identical contexts, we find truncation. In Belfast English, we find rise-plateau patterns in contexts eliciting rises and falls in Cambridge English, Leeds and Newcastle, and these rise-plateaux are truncated. Our data show firstly that different varieties of one language can share intonological specifications but differ in the way these specifications are realized inF0 . Secondly, they show that the reverse is also possible. Different varieties can share a phonetic realization effect, but apply this effect to different pitch accents.