Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Named-Entity Recognition for Norwegian

NER is the task of recognizing and demarcating the segments of a document that are part of a name and which type of name it is. We use 4 different categories of names: Locations (LOC), miscellaneous (MISC), organizations (ORG), and persons (PER). Even though we employ state of the art methods—including sub-word embeddings—that work well for English, we are unable to reproduce the same success for the Norwegian written forms. However, our model performs better than any previous research on Norwegian text. The study also presents the first NER for Nynorsk. Lastly, we find that by combining Nynorsk and Bokmål into one training corpus we improve the performance of our model on both languages.
Neutrino Quantum Gravity

According to the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), there is the two-component spacetime composed of the SST Higgs field (which consists of tachyons) and the Einstein spacetime (which consists of the neutrino-antineutrino pairs). The neutrinos are built of the superluminal binary systems of closed strings (we call them the gravitons or entanglons). The closed strings in a graviton have parallel spins and opposite internal helicity. Gravitons are placed in the SST Higgs field so they carry the smallest "piece" of gravitational field. Neutrinos produce gradient in the SST Higgs field - it is the elementary gravitational field defined by the gravitational constant G. Generally, the gradients/gravitational-fields are the classical fields but at distances smaller than 3510.1831 multiplied by the equatorial radius of neutrinos there appear groups of gravitons emitted and absorbed by the core of neutrinos. Here we described phenomena that concern the quantum region of neutrinos. The Neutrino Quantum Gravity (NQG) leads to the volumetric quantum confinement of the neutrino-antineutrino pairs that is the origin of the masses of scalars in physics.
Study of Ethanolic Leaf extract of Tinospora cordifolia and its Effect on Aflatoxin Intoxicated Female Albino Rats

Aflatoxins are unavoidable food contaminant and reducing their in vivo toxicity of major interest. The potential of Tinospora cordifolia was evaluated for reducing the aflatoxin induced toxicity in rats. The present investigation was an attempt to evaluate the possible ameliorative effects of Tinospora cordifolia on aflatoxins induced hormone and biochemical changes of rats. In the current study, toxicity was developed by oral administration of aflatoxin at a dose of (100 μg/kg body weight) for 45 days in female rats. T. cordifolia (500 mg/kg body weight) was given simultaneously for 45 days. Administration of manifestations includes severe hormonal changes in the ovaries and uterus associated with decrease in the levels of some reproductive hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, LH and FSH. In conclusion, T. cordifolia was found to be safe and successful agent counteracting the aflatoxins toxicity and protected against the toxicity induced by aflatoxin. However, it suggests that a dose adjustment may be necessary to optimize the effects in clinical settings.
Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Fe–Cr phase diagram

Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Fe–Cr system was undertaken within the framework of the CALPHAD method. A set of self-consistent thermodyna mic parameters was obtained taking into account new experimental data on the mixing enthalpy of liquid ternary alloys and literature information on the phase transitions. Isothermal sections, isopleths, projections of the liquidus and solidus surfaces an d cupola of stable and metastable immiscibility of liquid alloys were calculated. The magnitudes of supercooling r equired for metastable immiscibility of liquid phases were estimated.
Numerical Simulation of the Fluid Dynamics of 3 D Free Surface Flows with an Upwind Convection Scheme

A high resolution bounded upwind convection scheme, namely EPUS (Eight-degree Polynomial Upwind Scheme), is presented for computing 3D incompressible fluid flows involving moving free surfaces. The scheme is based on the CBC (Convection Boundedness Criterion) and TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) stability criteria. In NV (Normalized Variables), the EPUS scheme is applied in two problems that demonstrate its utility in solving complex PDE.
Profenofos induced biochemical , hormonal and histomorphological changes in female rat reproductive system

Profenofos is widely used, persistent and toxic organophosphorus insecticide. The present study was conducted to investigate toxic effects of profenofos on reproductive system of female albino rats. Two subchronic doses of 1/10th and 1/50th of LD50 of profenofos were administered orally for six weeks. Its exposure was associated with the alterations in the serum levels of hormones and various biochemical parameters viz: the concentration of total proteins, lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol in ovary of treated rats as compared to control rats. Activity of phosphatases (ACP and AKP) was significantly reduced in treated rats. Histomorphological studies of ovary and uterus further revealed a number of abnormalities with increase in atretic follicles, enhanced percent atresia, degeneration of uterine epithelium and enlarged intracellular spaces in endometrial glands in treated rats. The results infer that the profenofos exposure leads to pathophysiological conditions in the ovary and uterus at dose dependent manner.
Comparison of Methods for Processing Missing Values in Large Sample Survey Data

Missing data occurs in every field and most researchers choose simple approach to deal with. But this approach may introduce bias and result in inaccurate results. In this study, we will explore the method suitable for large sample and multivariate missing data patterns. In this paper, we utilized a cross-sectional survey data, providing information about youth health risk behavior in Beijing. Using R to simulate random missing data sets with different proportion of missing data based on the survey data set. For each of the missing data set, complete case analysis (CCA), single imputation (SI) and multiple imputation (MI) were adopted to process this and overall 30 complete data sets were obtained. Finally, logistic regression was used to analysis these complete data sets. The indicator (Akaike's Information Criterion, AIC) is used to evaluate both advantages and disadvantages of the three methods and the other indicators such as the significance of the regression coefficients (β), the fraction of missing information (FMI) are utilized to evaluate the applicability of the MI. Compared with the original data set K, the value of AIC of data sets processed by CCA and SI gradually decreases and the relative error gradually increases with the increase of the proportion of missing data. The value of AIC of data sets processed by MI changes slightly. With the increase of the proportion of missing data, especially more than 30%, the meaningless variables of the regression coefficient and the value of FMI gradually increased. Under different proportion of missing data, the MI performs well compared with CCA and SI. When dealing with missing values under MCAR, we recommend using MI instead of CCA and SI. Second, the changing of FMI can also be used as an indicator of MI to process missing data. Third, it is suitable for MI to process large sample survey data, and no more than 30% of proportion of missing data is the proper scope of application of MI.
Epidemiological characteristics and rabies post-exposure prophylaxis status of 5497 patients with bite injuries of Beijing , China

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and rabies post-exposure prophylaxis status of 5497 animal bite patients attending Peking University People’s hospital during 2013, to reveal the risk factors of animal bite and the defects of post-exposure prophylaxis, and to make rational proposals for the prophylaxis of rabies. Methods: A longitudinal survey was conducted in Peking University People’s Hospital from January to December 2013, the data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Results: The 5497 cases of animal bites did not show a typical seasonal characteristic. The male to female ratio was 0.82:1, women, children, retirees were risk population for animal bites. On the basis of WHO classification, 0.9% of animal bite patients were placed in Category I exposure, 78.1% in Category II and 21.0% in Category III. 64.0% of patients had wounds in hands. 75.9% of patients were injured by dogs. Different animal kinds were related to different injured parts and different exposure classifications. 89.1% of all animals were domestic animals, and only 19.7% of these domestic animals were vaccinated within the last 1 year. In the patients injured by the domestic dogs, 18.3% had wounds of Category III exposure, and in the patients injured by nondomestic dog, 30.3% had wounds of Category III exposure. Some patients did not seek for treatments timely after being bitten, only 74.3% of patients were vaccinated within 24 hours after injured. Some patients with wounds of Category III exposure did not use the passive immune agents, and only 8.0% patients used passive immune agents. Conclusion: The high urban population density of Beijing and the large amount of domestic animals were all reasons of the high incidence of animal bites in Beijing. Women, children and retirees were the main risk populations under this circumstance. Most cases were from dogs. The prevention awareness of Beijing population needs to be improved. Domestic animals should be vaccinated timely and nondomestic animals should be well managed. Patients should attend the hospital for post-exposure prophylaxis as soon as possible, and receive passive immune agents if necessary.
EVALUATION OF LOCAL SITE AMPLIFICATION IN LIMA, PERU FROM GROUND MOTION DATA

Observed ground motion records were analyzed for estimating site effects in Lima Metropolitan Area, Peru in the frequency range from 1.0 to 20.0 Hz. The spectral inversion method was applied to separate the three effects – path, source and site amplification. This technique is the most appropriate for analyzing site response since amplification is only attributed to the effect of sedimentary soil layers over a basement. The earthquake data used were 55 seismic events observed at 19 seismic recording stations from 2003 to 2013. Most of the earthquakes used in the analysis were small events with a Local Magnitude ML between 4.0 and 5.0. The estimated S-wave quality factor (Qs) of the propagation path is modelled as Qs(f)=95.6f for the crust and mantle. This study characterizes the site response for the predominant subsurface soil formations over Lima such gravels, sands and clays. Stations installed on alluvial gravel deposits or locally known as Lima conglomerate tend to amplify at frequencies higher than 3 Hz. This material has S-wave velocities increasing gradually with depth from ~400 to ~1500 m/s. The site response of stations installed on sand and clay deposits control the amplification in a wide frequency range. Large amplification factors in the frequency range over 5 Hz is attributed to the effects of the top layers – sands and clays – with Vs ranging between ~100 to ~500 m/s, while amplification factors at frequencies lower than 5 Hz correspond to the high velocity contrast between the shallow and deep layers (Vs > ~800 m/s).
ADECUACIÓN DE CAPITAL Y CONSERVADURISMO CONDICIONAL EN LOS BANCOS COMERCIALES CAPITAL ADEQUACY AND CONDITIONAL CONSERVATISM IN COMMERCIAL BANKS

Banking is one of the most regulated industries across the world, and capital adequacy may be considered the most influential aspect of such regulation. The objective of this paper is to determine if as the pressure put on bank managers to reach capital adequacy goals grows, the intensification of the agency conflict between managers and shareholders, in addition to managerial desire to reduce political cost derived from an increase in public scrutiny lead to an increase in the level of earnings conservatism. Analysing TIER1 and focusing on a wide international sample of commercial banks, our results show an unquestionable source of earnings conservatism in the banking industry.
6 Implantable Loop Recorder in Clinical Practice

Implantable Loop Recorder (ILR) or Insertable Cardiac Monitor (ICM) is a tool developed in the 1990’s which allows permanent monitoring of cardiac rhythm during a period exceeding one year. The major interest of this new tool is to establish a closed correlation between symptoms and heart rhythm. The first application of ICM was the diagnosis of recurrent syncope. Syncope is a common disorder which may recur and impair the survival and the quality of life of the patients. The objective of the investigation of syncope is to diagnose the cardiac aetiology because the mortality in this case is high. About half of the patients implanted with an ICM complains of a new syncope and about 50% of these patients had documented cardiac rhythm disturbances. The most frequent is a sinus bradycardia or sinus arrest but these results depend on the age of patients, resting ECG abnormalities and structural cardiac disease. A classification of the mechanisms of recurrent syncopes has been defined with the results of the ISSUE study separating the syncope due to primary cardiac arrhythmia from neurally-mediated syncope and from unknown syncope. The analysis of the presyncopal phase on the ICM restored ECG allows physicians to adapt the treatment (antiarrhythmic (with 2 h) agents or pacemaker) and optimize the programming of the pacemaker when necessary. It is recommended to implant the ICM early in the syncope patients with a normal physical examination, normal ECG and without structural heart disease and negative tilt testing. In the presence of cardiac disease, it is recommended to implant the ICM after performing an electrophysiological study and tilt testing. In syncope patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction, the implantation of an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator is preferable. Early application of an ICM reduces the cost of the investigation of the patients suffering from syncope, especially when the electrophysiological study is avoided. The indications of the ICM tend to be extended to new syncope populations such as pediatric patients, the epileptic population and older patients suffering from unexplained falls. New algorithms are developed by the manufacturers which allow a good analysis of electrical atrial activity and open new applications of the ICM in the managements of patients treated for atrial arrhythmias.
Determinants of ICT Investment Intensity: A study of Food Processing Industry in India

Information and communication technology (ICT) is a general purpose technology (GPT) that has the potential for significant impact on many industries in an economy. Adoption of ICT can benefit the firms in the industries in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, innovation, growth and competitiveness. For India, food processing is as an important industry in terms of its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP), employment and investments. Hence, the objective of the present study is to identify the determinants of ICT investment intensity for the firms belonging to the food processing industry in India. Secondary data is collected from the Prowess database provided by Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). The time period is four years from 2011 to 2014. Panel data regression technique is used for the analysis. Preliminary results indicate that capital intensity is the most important determinant of ICT investment intensity in this industry. Other factors like age of the firm and size of the firm are also statistically significant in select econometric models.
Predictors of ear-voice span, a corpus-based study with special reference to sex

ABSTRACT This paper reports on a study on Ear-Voice Span (EVS) carried out on corpus data drawn from the European Parliament Interpreting Corpus Ghent, where sex is included as a predictor alongside several other variables. Ear-Voice Span is considered to be an indicator of cognitive processes in simultaneous interpreting and has therefore been selected to determine whether potential cognitive sex differences trigger different EVS patterns in men and women. Differences between men and women are reported in individual studies for tasks that are crucial to interpreting. However, meta-analyses tend to show that the reported cognitive differences between the sexes are exaggerated. This study uses corpus-based research methods to analyse the EVS of male and female interpreters in the European Parliament against the background of other known predictors of EVS. The data sample consists of 180 source texts and interpretations in six language pairs. The hypothesis was not confirmed as no sex differences were found. This research project helped identify relevant predictors of EVS: delivery rate, languages and interpreter’s disfluencies.
Secrecy over Multiple-Access Channel: A Game of Competition and Cooperation

: Communication networks have had a transformative impact on our society as they have revolutionized almost all aspects of human interaction. The explosive growth of data traﬃc has led to an increased demand on improving the reliability, eﬃciency and security aspects of the systems. In this paper, we focus on the multiple access channel, a communication model where several transmitters communicate to a common receiver (e.g., a cellular telephone network) in the presence of an external eavesdropper. The goal is to explore the competitive yet cooperative relationship be-tween the transmitters in order to obtain an eﬃcient communication under a certain reliability and security guarantee. Moreover, we take a special look into the inner and outer bounds on the secrecy capacity regions over the 2-transmitter DM-MAC with a degraded eavesdropper (assuming that both transmitters are cooperative). We notice that the inner and outer bounds diﬀerentiate themselves in the permissible sets of input distributions and thus not tight in general. This leaves the problem of secrecy capacity regions still open.
The Appearance of the Political Domination by the Fadeli Family in Lamongan Regency

This article discusses the phenomenon of family politics in Lamongan, regarding the role of bureaucrats, politics, and various organizations related to family politics. Direct elections of regional chiefs (pilkada) and proportional electoral systems with the most votes have provided greater opportunities for political families to obtain and increase their abilities. Therefore, the number of family members occupying political offices is increasing. The focus of this research is the emergence of political dominance by the Fadeli family in Lamongan Regency. The data show that the family can utilize formal and informal political forces through clientelism strategies, which can lead to family dominance. The resources of family political dominance are the important element in interpreting family politics, based on Assako, Dal Bo, and Querobin [1]. This is also combined with the concept of clientelism strategy from Aspinall and Berenschot.
39 VALUING WATER SUPPLY SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS IN ADDIS ABABA 1

In many cities of developing countries, such as Addis Ababa, water supply service is poor. At the moment, Addis Ababa city which accounts for over a quarter of the nations urban population is facing unreliable and inadequate supply of water and sanitation services. The paper raises crucial issues regarding the necessity to better understand the demand for improved water supply service in the absence of market and tries to link in relation to customers’ participation in the provision of improved water supply service. In an attempt to examine the determinants of the value of improved water service and to establish how much consumers are willing to pay, we use a contingent valuation method (CVM). The tobit model shows socio-economic and demographic variables such as Income of the household, sex of the respondent dummy (female = 1), Family size, education (both secondary and tertiary level), households' year of stay, households not using tank as a storage, wealth of a household, employment status of the respondent dummy (employed = 1) , households satisfaction with the existing service dummy (unsatisfied=1), and location of the study site (Addis Ketema) are significant variables that explain the willingness to pay. The mean willingness to pay (WTP) values are 15.34 and 20.20 cents per bucket (a 20 liter container) above the exiting average tariff of 7.14 cents per bucket as calculated from the tobit and probit model, respectively. The empirical evidence is an important input for strategic planning to ensure that improvements proposed potentially improve cost recovery initiative and increase the level of customer satisfaction. 1 The final version of this article was submitted in October 2008 2 Lecturer, Mekelle University in the Department of Natural Resource Economics and Management 3 Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute (EEPRI), Agriculture and Rural Development Division Head Kinfe and Berhanu: Valuing water supply service improvements.
Heterosis of certain important yield components in the population wheat ( T riticum aestivum L . )

Heterotic and heterobeltiotic performances of 10 F1s obtained from half-diallel crossings of 5 commercial varieties were evaluated for plant height, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, flag leaf area and number of grains per spike. The highest negative heterosis and heterobeltiosis were recorded in Daman-98 x Sehar (-7.74) for plant height. Daman-98 x Zam-04 showed maximum positive heterosis (44.05) whereas Daman-98 x Shafaq showed maximum positive heterobeltiosis (34.85) for number of tillers per plant. For spike length maximum heterosis and heterobeltiosis values were 38.40 and 31.26, respectively, for the hybrid Sehar x Gomal-08. Similarly for number of spikelets per spike maximum heterosis and heterobeltiosis were 45.66 and 42.59 for the cross Daman-98 x Gomal-08. Heterotic study for flag leaf area revealed that maximum positive heterosis for Daman-98 x Sehar (21.22), maximum positive heterobeltiosis for Daman-98 x Gomal-08 (18.01). Maximum positive heterosis was recorded for Daman-98 x Gomal-08 (33.32), whereas positive heterobeltiosis were found for Daman-98 x Gomal-08 (19.43) for grains per spike. The results revealed that the hybrid combinations Daman-98 x Gomal-08 and Daman-98 x Sehar could be recommended for improved yield and enhanced biological production of wheat,