Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Triaging and Coding Ophthalmic Emergency - the Rome Eye Scoring System for Urgency and Emergency (RESCUE): A Pilot Study of 1000 Eye-Dedicated Emergency Room Patients

Purpose. Ophthalmic emergency (OE) triage is essential for prompt recognition of urgent cases. To date, no formal eye-dedicated triaging system has been widely accepted. The purpose of the present study is to propose a fast, accurate, and reproducible coding scale called the Rome Eye System for Scoring Urgency and Emergency (Rescue). Methods. Phase 1 of the study is a retrospective analysis of electronic medical records (EMR); phase 2 is a prospective consecutive series. Phase 1 included 160,936 patients. Phase 2 included 1000 consecutive patients referred to the emergency department (ED) of our institution. In phase 1, the authors retrospectively analyzed EMRs of patients presenting to the ED, listing signs and symptoms most frequently associated with hospitalization. Redness, pain, loss of vision, and the risk for an open eye were identified and assigned a score ranging from 0 to 12. Color coding was assigned based on increasing scoring: 0–3 white, 4–7 green, 8–12 yellow code. In phase 2, 1000 consecutive ED patients were enrolled and prospectively coded according to RESCUE. After diagnosis and proper treatment, EMRs were retrospectively reviewed by a masked physician and patients recoded (Retro coding) according to clinical course. Correlation between Rescue and Retro coding was calculated. Main outcome measures: Prospective and retrospective ED color coding correlation. Results. A total of 160,936 EMR were retrospectively analyzed; 2407 (1.4%) patients required hospitalization. Loss of vision (90%), redness (76%), and pain (47%) were the most frequent complaints. Rescue significantly correlated to Retro coding (p<0.01): 841/1000 patients coded exactly the same color, 45/1000 were overestimated by one color class, none by two, 107/1000 underestimated by one, and 6/1000 by two classes. The 32/1000 hospitalized patients in the prospective cohort had a Rescue score significantly higher than non-admitted patients (p<0.01) and color coding among admitted and dismissed patients was significantly different as well (p<0.01). Conclusions. The Rescue system seems promising in terms of usefulness and ease of implementation. The high correlation between Rescue code assigned prospectively and the post-diagnosis coding, as well as the prompt discrimination of cases that eventually required hospitalization, may lead to a wider use of the Rescue system. Further testing on larger samples and different institutions is warranted.
High-resolution CT findings in a patient with influenza A (H1N1) virus-associated pneumonia.

The Editor — Sir, Influenza A (H1N1) virus-associated pneumonia is an atypical pneumonia that has recently been reported in Mexico and the United States, and has since spread throughout the world. As of July 31 2009, 168 countries and overseas territories/communities have reported at least one laboratory-confirmed case of this infection. All continents are affected by the pandemic [1]. The clinical symptoms, in the greatest number of cases, consist of mild clinical presentations with influenza-like illness. In addition, cases of severe illness, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death, have been reported in previously healthy persons [2]. A 25-year-old previously healthy woman presented with a 5-day history of fever, headache, myalgia and dry cough. Her symptoms rapidly progressed to chest pain, progressive dyspnoea, worsening clinical status and syncope, which led to her being admitted to the Emergency Department. On physical examination, she had a general aspect of suffering: prostration, tachypnoea (40 breaths per min), tachycardia (120 beats per min), an axillary temperature of 101.3 F̊ (38.5 C̊) and a blood pressure of 90/40 mmHg. Oxygen saturation level in room air was 84% (normal level, .95%). There were crackles in both lungs. The remainder of the examination was normal. She was subsequently transferred to the intensive care unit. Laboratory tests performed at admission revealed a normal white cell count, absolute lymphopenia (800 lymphocytes mm), pH of 7.34, arterial oxygen tension of 49 mmHg, arterial carbon dioxide tension of 33 mmHg, C-reactive protein level of 19.1 mg dl, lactate dehydrogenase level of 1040 IU l and creatine kinase level of 600 IU l. The patient fulfilled the criteria for a confirmed case of infection with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which are the presence of an influenza-like illness and a laboratory-confirmed novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection by real-time polymerase chain reaction [3]. Bedside anteroposterior chest X-ray revealed diffuse bilateral air-space consolidation. High-resolution CT (HRCT) performed 12 h after admission showed diffuse consolidations and ground-glass opacities predominating in the upper lung areas (Figure 1). The patient
Bone Material Properties in Trabecular Bone From Human Iliac Crest Biopsies After 3‐ and 5‐Year Treatment With Risedronate

Long‐term effects of risedronate on bone mineral maturity/crystallinity and collagen cross‐link ratio in triple iliac crest biopsies of osteoporotic women were evaluated. In this double‐blinded study, 3‐ and 5‐year treatment with risedronate arrested the tissue aging encountered in untreated osteoporosis and in osteoporosis treated with other antiresorptives. This effect may be contributing to risedronate's antifracture efficacy.
Halogenated Anesthetics Reduce Interleukin-1&bgr;-induced Cytokine Secretion by Rat Alveolar Type II Cells in Primary Culture

Background Alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells participate in the intraalveolar cytokine network by secreting cytokines and are widely exposed to volatile anesthetics during general anesthesia. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on rat ATII cell cytokine secretions in ATII primary cell cultures. Methods Alveolar epithelial type II primary cell cultures were obtained from adult rat lungs. ATII cells were stimulated by recombinant murine interleukin-1&bgr; (rmIL-1&bgr;) to mimic an inflammatory response, and immediately exposed for various duration to different concentration of halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane. Interleukin-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) protein concentrations were then measured in cell culture supernatants. Recombinant mIL-1&bgr;-stimulated ATII cells exposed to air served as control. Results Halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane (1 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC], 4 h) decreased rmIL-1&bgr;-stimulated ATII cell secretions of interleukin-6, MIP-2, and MCP-1, but did not modify total protein secretion. Halothane exposure decreased rmIL-1&bgr;-stimulated ATII cell secretions of interleukin-6, MIP-2, and MCP-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Total protein concentrations remained unchanged except at 1.5 MAC of halothane, and no cytotoxic effect could be evidenced by lactate dehydrogenase release. These effects were transient as rmIL-1&bgr;-stimulated ATII cell secretions of interleukin-6 and MIP-2 progressively reached control values between 4 and 24 h after the end of halothane exposure. However, MCP-1 inhibition persisted until 24 h. rmIL-1&bgr;-induced MIP-2 and tumor necrosis factor-&agr; mRNA expression were decreased by 36 and 24%, respectively, after halothane exposure. Conclusions The current study shows that exposure of rmIL-1&bgr;-stimulated ATII cells to volatile anesthetics reversibly alters their cytokine secretion. Therefore, volatile anesthesia, by modulating pulmonary epithelial cell secretion of inflammatory cytokines, might affect the lung inflammatory response.
Ferroelectric switching of elastin

Significance Ferroelectricity has long been speculated to have important biological functions, although its very existence in biology has never been firmly established. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first macroscopic observation of ferroelectric switching in a biological system, and we elucidate the origin and mechanism underpinning ferroelectric switching of elastin. It is discovered that the polarization in elastin is intrinsic at the monomer level, analogous to the unit cell level polarization in classical perovskite ferroelectrics. Our findings settle a long-standing question on ferroelectric switching in biology and establish ferroelectricity as an important biophysical property of proteins. We believe this is a critical first step toward resolving its physiological significance and pathological implications. Ferroelectricity has long been speculated to have important biological functions, although its very existence in biology has never been firmly established. Here, we present compelling evidence that elastin, the key ECM protein found in connective tissues, is ferroelectric, and we elucidate the molecular mechanism of its switching. Nanoscale piezoresponse force microscopy and macroscopic pyroelectric measurements both show that elastin retains ferroelectricity at 473 K, with polarization on the order of 1 μC/cm2, whereas coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations predict similar polarization with a Curie temperature of 580 K, which is higher than most synthetic molecular ferroelectrics. The polarization of elastin is found to be intrinsic in tropoelastin at the monomer level, analogous to the unit cell level polarization in classical perovskite ferroelectrics, and it switches via thermally activated cooperative rotation of dipoles. Our study sheds light onto a long-standing question on ferroelectric switching in biology and establishes ferroelectricity as an important biophysical property of proteins. This is a critical first step toward resolving its physiological significance and pathological implications.
Automatically locating salutation and signature blocks in emails

This paper focuses on the problem of automatically locating salutation and signature blocks in the body of plain-text emails. Texts of salutation and signature block in an email usually contain identity information about the email's sender or recipients. The analysis of locating and extracting salutation and signature blocks from emails has many potential applications, such as entity attributes extracting, person entity based email social network analysis, anonymization of email corpora, improving automatic content-based email classifiers and email threading. Our approach is based on the statistical method and the rules restricted method, which can greatly improve the locating efficiency and at the same time promise a relatively high accuracy of the extracted blocks. We use the statistical method to roughly estimate the number of lines in salutation and signature blocks, and introduce some restriction rules to refine the lines located by the statistical method. Results on the public subset of the Enron corpus prove the high performance of our approach with the average F1 value above 94%.
Opioid Maintenance Treatment during Pregnancy: Occurrence and Severity of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Background: Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is widely used to treat pregnant women with a history of opioid dependence. This study investigated whether maternal methadone/buprenorphine dose and nicotine use in pregnancy affects the occurrence and duration of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in the infant. Methods: Forty-one pregnant women from OMT programmes in Norway who gave birth between January 2005 and January 2007 were enrolled in a national prospective study. Thirty-eight women (81% of the population) were interviewed in the last trimester of pregnancy and 3 months after delivery. Data from the European Addiction Severity Index and a questionnaire measuring enrolled birth information were compared with medical records and urine analyses. Results: Treatment requiring NAS occurred in 58% of the methadone-exposed and in 67% of the buprenorphine-exposed infants. There was no significant relationship between a maternal dose of methadone or buprenorphine in pregnancy and NAS treatment duration for the infant. The mean number of cigarettes consumed correlated significantly with NAS treatment duration for the methadone group. Birth weight for the methadone group was approximately 200 g above international findings despite high doses during pregnancy. Conclusions: Maternal methadone/buprenorphine dose predicted neither the occurrence nor the need for NAS treatment for the infant.
Can oysters control eutrophication in an integrated fish-oyster aquaculture system?

is a serious problem occurring in ponds or estuaries where fish culture is practised. A possible solution to this problem is to raise oysters in an integrated culture with fish to improve water clarity and to help remove excess nutrients. In order to determine the effects that cultured oysters have on the environment, an experimental study was performed in the Moothakunnam region of the Vembanad lake in the Ernakulam District during February-November, 2012. The study was performed in four cages (1× 1× 1 m) referred to as treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4. The four treatments used fish ( Etroplus suratensis ) and oysters (Crassostrea madrasensis) in the ratio of 1:0.3, 1:0.5, 1:0.7 and 1:0 respectively. Several parameters were measured and compared between the four treatments, and these included temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and orthophosphate. Results showed that the parameters, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia and orthophosphate varied with different treatments and months. However, the contents of nitrite and nitrate showed variation only with respect to months. The eutrophication index (E) values calculated for the four treatments were 9.45 ± 4.41, 5.25 ± 3.23, 11.32 ± 6.17 and 11.52 ± 5.45 respectively. The lower E value obtained was for T2 which supports the conclusion that oysters can control eutrophication in an integrated aquaculture system. The optimal co-cultivation proportion of fish to oysters obtained from the present study was 1:0.5.
Acute myocardial infarction and mechanical complications due to a penetrating knife injury of the heart.

We report the case of a 21-year-old man who was brought to the emergency department after complaining chest pain and dyspnoea because of a stab wound in the chest. Promptly he became comatose and developed haemodynamic instability. On physical examination the jugular venous pressure was high, the blood pressure 80/50 mmHg, and the heart rate was 130 b.p.m. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and cardiac tamponade was diagnosed. The patient underwent percutaneous pericardiocentesis and surgical correction by placing a bovine pericardium patch in the anterior …
Generalization of Relations for Calculating the Mutual Inductance of Coaxial Coils in Terms of Their Applicability to Non-Coaxial Coils

The commonly known mathematical formulas for calculating the mutual inductance of thin coaxial cylindrical coils (thin wall solenoids) in air can be modified and generalized so that they are also applicable for the relatively simple and versatile calculation of the mutual inductance of thin non-coaxial coils with parallel axes. This is a geometric arrangement whereby one coil is circular cylindrical and the other can be of any requisite shape (e.g., square, rectangular). This manner of calculation is demonstrated in this article using as an example two thin wall solenoids and also for a situation in which one coil is circular cylindrical and the second is rectangular. Detailed algorithms have been developed for both these situations, which can serve for the creation of a computer program.
Environmental Sensors-Based Occupancy Estimation in Buildings via IHMM-MLR

Occupancy estimation in buildings can benefit various applications such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning control, space monitoring, and emergency evacuation. Due to the consideration of temporal dependency in occupancy data, hidden Markov model (HMM) has been shown to be effective in occupancy estimation. However, the conventional HMM that assumes invariant temporal dependency of occupancy dynamics for different time instances is unrealistic. Moreover, the performance of the conventional HMM that utilizes mixture of Gaussian for emission probability in terms of continuous observations can be easily affected by the noise in sensory data. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose a new architecture, i.e., inhomogeneous hidden Markov model with multinomial logistic regression (IHMM-MLR), for building occupancy estimation using nonintrusive environmental sensors. Instead of using the time-invariant transition probability matrix, we apply a time-dependent (inhomogeneous) transition probability matrix which can capture the temporal dependency for different time instances. Meanwhile, we employ an efficient probabilistic model, i.e., MLR, for emission probability. Online and offline occupancy estimation schemes are presented for real-time and accurate long-term applications respectively. Real experiments have indicated the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Predictors of survival in patients with systemic light‐chain amyloidosis and cardiac involvement initially ineligible for stem cell transplantation and treated with oral melphalan and dexamethasone

The treatment of systemic light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis with symptomatic cardiac involvement at diagnosis remains a challenge. We report the results of 40 consecutive newly diagnosed AL cardiac patients who were not candidates for stem cell transplant and therefore received monthly oral melphalan and dexamethasone. Median survival was 10·5 months and baseline predictors of survival included gender, troponin I and interventricular septal thickness. The most significant predictor of survival was response to therapy. The haematological response rate was 58% (23/40) with 13% (5/40) complete responses; most responses were noted in <3 cycles. Achievement of a rapid response to therapy extends survival.
Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Potassium on Grain Yield and Protein of Triticale

-1 ) was obtained by application of 160 and 90 kg.ha -1 nitrogen and potassium, respectively. Application of different levels of Nitrogen affected grain protein of triticale significantly, however using different amount of potassium had not any effect on grain protein. The percentage of the grain protein was increased markedly up to 160 kgN.ha -1 . Increasing in nitrogen level more than 160 kgN.ha -1 led to a partial increasing in grain protein.
Fostering Self-Efficacy through Time Management in an Online Learning Environment

In this study, we investigated the use of a web-based tool designed to influence levels of student self-efficacy by engaging participants in a time management strategy. On a daily basis for 16 days, a total of 64 undergraduate and graduate students engaged in the web-based time management tool in which students set goals regarding how they planned to spend their time the next day and recorded how they spent their time the previous day. In addition, students received either daily or weekly feedback on their goal attainment in either a lean or rich format. This strategy encouraged participants to monitor their time management behaviors and engage in a self-regulated learning process. Results indicated that while engagement with the online time management tool resulted in increases in self-reported time management behaviors, there were no significant increases in student self-efficacy or self-regulated learning as a result of either daily or weekly feedback in a lean or rich format.
The correlates of mental health of well-educated Polish women in the first pregnancy

Abstract Background: Mental health is important in the development of pregnancy and a fetus. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine demographic, socio-economic, and personality-based correlates of mental health of well-educated Polish primiparas living in the capital city. Method: The study included 164 women aged 22–38 in the second and third trimesters of a first, uncomplicated pregnancy. General Health Questionnaire-28, NEO-Five Factor Inventory, Life Oriented Test-Revised, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Body Satisfaction Scale, and Fear of Childbirth Scale were used. Results: Professional work during pregnancy was a positive predictor of anxiety and insomnia, and good financial situation was negatively correlated with somatic symptoms and anxiety and insomnia. The trait anxiety was a positive predictor of anxiety and insomnia, neuroticism has played such a role in depression. Conclusions: The mental health of pregnant women may depend on socio-economic factors and personality traits. Monitoring these factors would enable one to assess the degree of risk for the deterioration of the mental health during pregnancy.
Biased embryos: Prenatal experience alters the postnatal malleability of auditory preferences in bobwhite quail.

Many precocial birds show a robust preference for the maternal call of their own species before and after hatching. This differential responsiveness to species-specific auditory stimuli by embryos and neonates has been the subject of study for more than four decades, but much remains unknown about the dynamics of this ability. Gottlieb [Gottlieb [1971]. Development of species identification in birds: An enquiry into the prenatal determinants of perception. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press. ] demonstrated that prenatal exposure to embryonic vocalizations serves to canalize the formation of species-specific preferences in ducklings. Apart from this, little is known about the features of the developmental system that serve to canalize such species-typical preferences, on the one hand, and generate novel behavioral phenotypes, on the other. In the current study, we show that briefly exposing bobwhite quail embryos to a heterospecific Japanese quail (JQ) maternal call significantly enhanced their acquisition of a preference for that call when chicks were provided with subsequent postnatal exposure to the same call. This was true whether postnatal exposure involved playback of the maternal call contingent upon chick contact vocalizations or yoked, non-contingent exposure to the call. Chicks that received both passive prenatal and contingent postnatal exposure to the JQ maternal call redirected their species-typical auditory preference, showing a significant preference for JQ call over the call of their own species. In contrast, chicks receiving only prenatal or only postnatal exposure to the JQ call did not show this redirection of their auditory preference. Our results indicate that prenatal sensory stimulation can significantly bias postnatal responsiveness to social stimuli, thereby altering the course of early learning and memory.