Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Correlates of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents in a Rural Community Setting

Int J Exerc Sci 2(4): 230-242, 2009. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between selected psychosocial factors and the physical activity behaviors of children (grade 4-8) and adolescents (grades 9-12) in a rural community setting. The Children’s Physical Activity Scale (CPAC)was used to measure the psychosocial factors of physical activity, The Physical Activity Questionnaire-Children (PAQ-C), and Physical Activity Questionnaire-Adolescents (PAQ-A) were used to measure the physical activity behaviors of the 167 participants. Results indicated that male and female physical activity behaviors were not significantly different. However, physical activity declined with age [F(8,147) = 5.44, p < 0.05, ES = 0.23]. All psychosocial factors were significantly correlated with physical activity in youth with the single highest correlation for males being “liking of exercise” (r = .61) and the highest correlation for females was “liking of games and sports”(r = .44). Stepwise regression analyses identified three subscales (liking of games and sport, liking of exercise, and parental support) in a significant prediction model of physical activity in both genders. The results indicate that children's physical activity is associated with a variety of psychosocial variables that represent import predisposing and reinforcing factors.
Next-gen tissue: preservation of molecular and morphological fidelity in prostate tissue.

BACKGROUND Personalization of cancer therapy requires molecular evaluation of tumor tissue. Traditional tissue preservation involves formalin fixation, which degrades the quality of nucleic acids. Strategies to bank frozen prostate tissue can interfere with diagnostic studies. PAXgene is an alternative fixative that preserves protein and nucleic acid quality. METHODS Portions of prostates obtained from autopsy specimens were fixed in either 10% buffered formalin or PAXgene, and processed and embedded in paraffin. Additional sections were immediately embedded in OCT and frozen. DNA and RNA were extracted from the formalin-fixed, PAXgene-fixed, or frozen tissue. Quantitative PCR was used to compare the quality of DNA and RNA obtained from all three tissue types. In addition, 5 μm sections were cut from specimens devoid of cancer and from prostate cancer specimens obtained at prostatectomy and fixed in PAXgene. They were either stained with hematoxylin and eosin or interrogated with antibodies for p63, PSA and p504. RESULTS Comparable tissue morphology was observed in both the formalin and PAXgene-fixed specimens. Similarly, immunohistochemical expression of the P63, PSA and P504 proteins was comparable between formalin and PAXgene fixation techniques. DNA from the PAXgene-fixed tissue was of similar quality to that from frozen tissue. RNA was also amplified with up to 8-fold greater efficiency in the PAXgene fixed tissue compared to the formalin-fixed tissue. CONCLUSIONS Prostate specimens fixed with PAXgene have preserved histologic morphology, stain appropriately, and have preserved quality of nucleic acids. PAXgene fixation facilitates the use of prostatectomy tissue for molecular biology techniques such as next-generation sequencing.
Nitrogen control of 13 C enrichment in heterotrophic organs relative to leaves in a landscape-building desert plant species

Abstract. A longstanding puzzle in isotope studies of C3 plant species is that heterotrophic plant organs (e.g., stems, roots, seeds, and fruits) tend to be enriched in 13C compared to the autotrophic organ (leaves) that provides them with photosynthate. Our inability to explain this puzzle suggests key deficiencies in understanding post-photosynthetic metabolic processes. It also limits the effectiveness of applications of stable carbon isotope analyses in a variety of scientific disciplines ranging from plant physiology to global carbon cycle studies. To gain insight into this puzzle, we excavated whole plant architectures of Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov, a C3 species that has an exceptional capability of fixing sands and building sand dunes, in two deserts in northwestern China. We systematically and simultaneously measured carbon isotope ratios and nitrogen and phosphorous contents of different parts of the excavated plants. We also determined the seasonal variations in leaf carbon isotope ratios on nearby intact plants of N. tangutorum. We found, for the first time, that higher nitrogen contents in heterotrophic organs were significantly correlated with increased heterotrophic 13C enrichment compared to leaves. However, phosphorous contents had no effect on the enrichment. In addition, new leaves had carbon isotope ratios similar to roots but were progressively depleted in 13C as they matured. We concluded that a nitrogen-mediated process, hypothesized to be the refixation of respiratory CO2 by phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase, was responsible for the differences in 13C enrichment among different heterotrophic organs, while processes such as fractionating foliar metabolism and preferentially loading into phloem of 13C-enriched sugars may contribute to the overall autotrophic–heterotrophic difference in carbon isotope compositions.
Analysis of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 may contribute to the transformed-appearing phenotype of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts. METHODS We performed p53 gene mutation analysis using different molecular approaches. Synovial fibroblasts of 10 patients with RA were cultured and RNA and DNA were harvested after 3-5 passages in cell culture. Sequence analysis of all exons of the p53 gene was performed using 3 different techniques: 1) single-strand conformational polymorphism, 2) nonisotopic RNase cleavage assay, and 3) base excision sequence scanning T-scan, followed by sequence analysis of specific gene segments. RESULTS Although p53 antigen could be detected by immunocytochemistry in numerous cultured fibroblasts, gel electrophoresis analysis of products obtained using all 3 methods and subsequent sequence analysis showed no specific mutation pattern in the genome of the synovial fibroblasts from patients in Germany, including the known "hot spots" within the p53 genome. However, p53 mutations were identified in different clones of 3 additional RA synovial fibroblast populations from the United States. Sequence analysis of the p53 promoter did not reveal mutational base changes. CONCLUSION The findings of the study support the hypothesis that the majority of the mutations of the p53 gene observed in RA synovium are not derived from the genome of RA synovial fibroblasts, and that the variability of the mutation pattern reflects, in part, the heterogeneity of the disease.
Differential Expression of Ubiquitous and Neuronal Kinesin Heavy Chains During Differentiation of Human Neuroblastoma and PC12 Cells

Kinesin is a microtubule‐based motor protein involved in intracellular organelle transport. Neurons are characterized by the presence of at least two isoforms of conventional kinesin: ubiquitous kinesin, expressed in all cells and tissues, and neuronal kinesin, whose pattern of expression is confined to neuronal cells. In order to investigate whether the two kinesin motors, which are encoded by different genes, may play distinct biological roles in neurons, we studied their expression during neuronal differentiation. Human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y and IMR32 cells and rat phaeochromocytoma PC12 cells were used as an in vitro system for neuronal differentiation and were induced to differentiate in the presence of retinoic acid, a combination of dibutyryl cAMP and 5‐bromodeoxyuridine, and nerve growth factor respectively. The expression level of each kinesin isoform was evaluated by quantitative immunoblot before and after pharmacological treatment. We found that in all cell types the expression level of neuronal kinesin, but not of ubiquitous kinesin, is stimulated during differentiation. In particular, SH‐SY5Y cells show a 4.5‐fold, IMR32 cells a 3‐fold and PC12 cells a 7‐fold increase in the level of expression of neuronal kinesin. By Northern blot analysis we found that the selective increase in the expression of neuronal kinesin is paralleled by an increase in its mRNA, indicating that there is a transcriptional control of the expression of this kinesin isoform during differentiation of neuroblastoma and PC12 cells. Our results suggest that these cells represent an adequate model to study the function of conventional kinesin and its isoforms.
Efficacy with High-Dose Aripiprazole After Olanzapine-Related Metabolic Disturbances

Objective: To report a case in which a patient tolerated and responded to high-dose aripiprazole and lost weight after having been on olanzapine for several years; a secondary objective is to discuss the use of aripiprazole dosages at higher than those recommended in the product's labeling. Case Summary: A 57-year-old man with a 30 year history of schizophrenia had been taking olanzapine for 4 years, with the dosage titrated to 20 mg/day, to control the psychosis. After he had gained significant weight with olanzapine (the highest was 102.7 kg), his treatment was switched to aripiprazole. The patient required a high dose of aripiprazole (60 mg/day) to achieve full control of the psychiatric symptoms, and during aripiprazole therapy, he lost the weight he had gained while on olanzapine, weighing 85.9 kg within 7 months after the therapy switch. Discussion: Dosages of atypical antipsychotics higher than those recommended by the Food and Drug Administration are often used in clinical practice for refractory patients, despite the lack of evidence. The literature available on this subject is limited to small, double-blind trials; open-label trials; and case reports. Although certain patients may benefit from higher doses of atypical antipsychotics, the lack of evidence limits their use. Conclusions: High-dose aripiprazole (60 mg/day) was well tolerated and controlled this patient's symptoms effectively. In addition, he lost weight that was gained while being treated with olanzapine. High-dose aripiprazole may be beneficial and safe in refractory patients; however, large, double-blind, randomized clinical trials are needed.
Portrait of occupational therapy

The profession of occupational therapy promotes individuals to achieve health and wellness through engagement in meaningful occupations of daily living. This occupation-focused profession plays a critical role in health care in a multitude of settings with a wide range of clients. The paper highlights a global overview of the philosophies of occupational therapy, the current international practices in occupational therapy, the education of therapists, and the roles of law and professional societies that govern the practice of occupational therapy.
A Neural Model of Multidigit Numerical Representation and Comparison

The Extended Spatial Number Network (ESpaN) is a neural model that simulates processing of high-level numerical stimuli such as multi-digit numbers. The ESpaN model targets the explanation of human psychophysical data, such as error rates and reaction times, about multi-digit (base 10) numerical stimuli, and describes how such a competence can develop through learning. The model suggests how the brain represents and processes an open-ended set of numbers and their regularities, such as the place-value structure, with finite resources in the brain. The model does that by showing how a multi-digit spatial number map forms through interactions with learned semantic categories that symbolize separate digits, as well as place markers like "tens," "hundreds," "thousands," etc. When number-stimuli are presented to the network, they trigger learning of associations between specific semantic categories and corresponding spatial locations of the spatial number map that together build a multi-digit spatial representation. Training of the network is aimed at portraying the process of development of human numerical competence during the first years of a child's life. The earlier SpaN model proposed a spatial number map, which both human and animal possess in their Where cortical processing stream, that can explain many data about analog numerical representation and comparison. The ESpaN model shows how learned cognitive categories in the What cortical processing stream can extend numerical competence to multi-digit numbers with a place-value structure. The ESpaN model hereby suggests how cortical cognitive and spatial processes can utilize a learned What-and-Where interstream interaction to control the development of multidigit numerical abilities.
Imiquimod 5% Cream for Keloid Management

Background Keloid treatment represents a therapeutic challenge. New adjuvant therapy is needed to reduce the high recurrence rate (50%) of excised keloids. OBJECTIVE To describe the method for using imiquimod 5% cream in the prevention of keloid recurrence after surgery. METHODS This is a review of the scientific rationale and clinical experience of using imiquimod 5% cream for keloid management. CONCLUSION Topical application of imiquimod 5% cream after surgery reduces keloid recurrences.
The significance of microsatellite instability in predicting the development of metachronous multiple colorectal carcinomas in patients with nonfamilial colorectal carcinoma

Patients with metachronous multiple colorectal carcinomas have been reported to have a higher frequency of a family history of colorectal carcinoma, associated colorectal adenomas, and extracolonic malignancies. These clinicopathologic factors also are considered to be related to the development of metachronous multiple colorectal carcinomas after surgery for colorectal carcinoma. In this article, the authors investigated whether genetic markers such as microsatellite instability (MSI) were helpful in predicting the development of metachronous multiple colorectal carcinomas.
Managing older adults with diabetes

Purpose: To review special considerations in the management of adults 65 years of age and older with diabetes mellitus (DM) with particular attention to initiation of insulin in the management of type 2 DM (DM2), Medicare eligibility for insulin pump therapy, and intensive insulin therapy in both type 1 DM (DM1) and DM2 in older adults. Data sources: American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, selected research articles, textbooks, and Internet sources. Conclusions: American Diabetes Association, American Association of Diabetes Educators, and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist acknowledge that no long‐term studies have been conducted in older adults with DM. Furthermore, these groups as well as the American Geriatric Society conclude that a person’s functional capacity and not age should determine the treatment modality most beneficial in each situation. Implications for practice: Management of diabetes in the older adult is a common clinical scenario for primary care providers (PCPs). Treatment strategies follow a continuum over time from lifestyle modification to intensive management. Intensive insulin therapy, through the use of either multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using insulin pumps, has demonstrated benefit in both DM1 and DM2; however, there is evidence that PCPs are reluctant to initiate insulin. Moreover, in the management of older adults with diabetes, evidence‐based outcomes regarding intensive management are lacking. Further studies are needed.
ACL injury incidence in female handball 10 years after the Norwegian ACL prevention study: important lessons learned

Success in injury prevention in the short run is possible. Several studies have documented that injuries can be prevented if programme compliance is sufficient.1–6 However, the efficacy of an intervention is in a controlled trial does not mean that it will be widely adopted and sustained and have an impact on public health.7–9 Finch9 outlined the Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice framework, emphasising that only research that can and will be adopted by the participants, the coaches and sporting bodies will succeed in the long run. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is an example where there are controlled studies showing promising efficacy (that the intervention is capable of producing the desired effect);5 ,10–13 however, their efficiency (whether the desired effect occurs under real-life conditions) is not known. We wanted to know ‘Have ACL injury prevention initiatives taken in Norway during the last decade been successful in the long run? ’ We report our experience with Norwegian handball as an example, as this is an area where several initiatives (table 1) building on prevention trials have coincided with an ongoing surveillance programme. View this table: Table 1 Prevention initiatives from 1998 through 2011 ### ACL Injury Prevention Study The 1998–1999 season served as the baseline for the ACL Injury Prevention Study; during the 1999–2000 season, an injury prevention programme was introduced in the top three divisions in female handball in Norway.10 The intervention consisted of a neuromuscular training programme with exercises on a wobble board, a balance mat and handball-specific exercises. In the first season (1999–2000), the intervention was based on coaches delivering the programme after being instructed by the investigators. However, as compliance was low, physical therapists were engaged to take charge of delivery of the programme during the second intervention season (2000–2001). Compared with a baseline rate of 0.48 ACL injuries per team, …
Comparison of Nasal Prong Pressure and Thermistor Measurements for Detecting Respiratory Events during Sleep

Introduction and Objectives: Thermistor (TH) measurements have been traditionally used to determine airflow during polysomnographic studies (PSG). However, low accuracy in detecting hypopneas is a major drawback. Nasal prong pressure (NPP) measurements are becoming increasingly popular for quantifying respiratory events during sleep. We prospectively compared NPP and TH measurements with respect to their ability to detect respiratory events during routine PSG. Methods: Forty consecutive patients (26 male, 14 female) with clinically suspected sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) underwent routine diagnostic PSG. Airflow was measured using NPP and TH devices simultaneously. PSG was scored manually according to R and K criteria. Respiratory events were scored in two passes. During the first pass, the TH signal was disabled and the NPP signal was scored. During the second pass, the NPP signal was disabled and the TH signal was scored. Scorers for one method were blinded from the results of the other method. To assess respiratory events, we used the respiratory arousal index (RAI), which was defined as the number of apneas and/or hypopneas followed by an arousal per hour of sleep, as detected by TH (RAI-TH) or NPP (RAI- NPP). Agreement analysis of the results obtained using the two different techniques was performed using the methodology of Bland-Altman. Results: Twenty-six patients had obstructive sleep apnea, 10 had respiratory effort-related arousals and 4 had habitual snoring. The failure time of the flow signal on the raw data was not different between the two methods (NPP: 6 ± 13 min, TH: 4 ± 7 min). The Bland-Altman analysis of RAIs demonstrated that more events were nearly always detected using NPP compared to TH devices (44.4 ± 37 vs. 35.4 ± 31, p < 0.001). No difference in the index of central apneas between the two methods could be detected. Sleep position had no effect on either measurement method. Conclusions: NPP measurements are superior to TH measurements for detecting obstructive respiratory events during sleep. Measurement of NPP is a simple, practical, sensitive and reliable method for detecting the whole spectrum of SDB. We recommend incorporating nasal prongs in routine polysomnographic monitoring.
Health-related quality of life, surgical and aesthetic outcomes following microvascular free flap reconstructions: an 8-year institutional review.

INTRODUCTION Microvascular free flap reconstruction has revolutionised the reconstruction of complex defects of traumatic, oncological, congenital and infectious aetiologies. Complications of microvascular free flap procedures impact negatively on patient post-operative course and outcome. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 102 consecutive patients undergoing 108 free flap procedures at a tertiary referral centre over an 8-year period. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors predictive of free flap complications. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and aesthetic outcomes were assessed using the Short Form 36 questionnaire and a satisfaction visual analogue scale respectively. RESULTS In total, 108 free tissue transfers were performed; 23% were fasciocutaneous free flaps, 69% musculocutaneous and 8% osteoseptocutaneous. The overall flap success rate was 92.6%. Over a third of patients (34.3%) had flap-related complications ranging from minor wound dehiscence to total flap loss. ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grade ≥2 (OR: 16.9, 95% CI: 15.3-18.1, p<0.009), history of smoking (OR: 6.1, 95% CI: 5.5-7.2, p<0.049), body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) (OR: 21.3, 95% CI: 20.8-22.1, p<0.003), low albumin (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-3.9, p<0.003) and peripheral vascular disease (OR: 6.9, 95% CI: 5.9-7.5, p<0.036) were identified as factors independently predictive of free flap complications. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing uncomplicated free flap surgery and those reporting superior post-operative flap aesthesis have higher HRQoL scores. Microvascular free tissue transfer has revolutionised our approach to the reconstruction of complex defects, providing a safe, reliable procedure to restore functionality and quality of life for patients.
How cross-functional management influences new product development: a socio-technical perspective

ABSTRACT This paper develops an integrated theoretical framework of cross-functional management from a socio-technical perspective, focusing on technical support, job rotation and process standardisation. It then explores the effects of these three practices on new product development (NPD) via a global survey of 725 manufacturing companies in 20 countries. The results show that technical support and job rotation are positively related to the speed of NPD, while process standardisation and job rotation are positively associated with the quality of new products. These results contribute to the field of NPD by integrating the technical and social aspects of cross-functional management.