Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF ISOFLAVONES ON BEANY FLAVOR AND ASTRINGENCY OF SOYMILK AND COOKED WHOLE SOYBEAN GRAINS 1

6 ABSTRACT - Flavor is the main limiting factor affecting soybean acceptability in the Occidental countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effetcs of isoflavones on soybean flavor. Differences in beany flavor and astringency of soymilk and cooked whole soybean grains, prepared with cultivars IAS 5 and BR-36 (136 and 54 mg of total isoflavones /100 g of sample, respectively) with pre-soaking and pre-heating of grains, were sensorially analised, by an unstructured category scale of ascending intensity. Differences in isoflavone contents for both soybean cultivars were maintained in the two products, despite the pre-treatments in the processing. Pre-soaking of grains intensified beany flavor in the soymilk, reducing the perception of astringency, which is caused by the aglucones that were developed in reduced amounts.The whole soybeans grains cooked under pressure (1.5 kgf/cm 2 at 127°C) presented reduced levels of isoflavones malonyl-glucosides. Due to thermal instability, these compounds were converted to conjugated glucosides, genistin and daidzin. In the cooked whole soybean grains, no aglucones were formed and consequently it was not possible to detect differences in astringency. Results suggest that pre-heating of grains promote better flavor in soybean products.
Inhibitory activity and organic acid concentrations of metabolite combinations produced by various strains of Lactobacillus plantarum

Metabolite combinations produced by Lacrtobacillus plantarum strains were studied by inhibitory activity test using Pediococcus acidilactici as indicator microorganism. The pH and cell population of L. plantarum strains were also determined. L. plantarum RG14 strain has significant (P < 0.05) lower pH but higher cell count than the other four L. plantarum strains. Inhibitory activity of metabolite combination was stronger than single strain metabolite. However, there was significantly higher (P < 0.05) inhibitory activity in Com 2 (TL1, RG11 and RI11 strains), Com 5 (TL1, RG14 and RS5 strains) and Com 7 (RG11, RG14 and RI11 strains) than other 7 metabolite combinations, which was attributed to the present of bacteriocin inhibitory compound. Lactic and acetic acids were also present in high amount in metabolite combinations. Therefore, metabolites produced by L. plantarum strains containing mainly organic acids and bacteriocin possess vast potential as feed additives for animals. Key words: Lactobacillus plantarum, metabolite combination, inhibitory activity, lactic acid, acetic acid
Persistence among Deep Rural Communities in the Northern Plains, Revisited

This research note revisits the question of rural persistence, which was first brought to light in this journal by Redlin et al. (2010) 1 . We follow Redlin et al’s example by employing county-level data and seek to identify small towns that are surviving to explain their persistence. Our effort to replicate their results begins with the collection of the data anew, but we also include two additional states and incorporate a time dimension. By using Census data from 2000 only, Redlin et al. applied a static approach to test their hypothesis. In this study, we collect data from 1990 as well as 2000 to explore the time dimension of rural persistence. Our findings indicate that rural persistence is a dynamic rather than a static process. First, human capital systematically affects rural persistence. Second, changes in human capital affect rural persistence much more significantly than a stock of each measure at an earlier point in time. This result is encouraging; it suggests that no matter a community’s starting point in human capital, efforts towards community survival can be successful. Increases in any of our independent variables affect small town persistence more than the initial stock of any of them. Moreover, our results produce differences among the states, specifically Montana and Wyoming from the Dakotas, which indicate that future research efforts in rural persistence
Computational framework for the regularized 20‐moment equations for non‐equilibrium gas flows

This paper presents a framework for solving the regularized 20‐moment equations consisting of a set of transport‐like governing equations, the required constitutive closure, re‐casting of the equations in second‐order partial derivative form and derivation of additional wall boundary conditions. Couette flow results reveal that good agreement occurs between the 20‐moment equations and direct simulation Monte Carlo data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drought in Central and Southwest Asia: La Niña, the Warm Pool, and Indian Ocean Precipitation.

Severe drought over the past three years (1998‐2001), in combination with the effects of protracted sociopolitical disruption, has led to widespread famine affecting over 60 million people in central and southwest (CSW) Asia. Here both a regional and a large-scale mode of climate variability are documented that, together, suggest a possible forcing mechanism for the drought. During the boreal cold season, an inverse relationship exists between precipitation anomalies in the eastern Indian Ocean and CSW Asia. Suppression of precipitation over CSW Asia is consistent with interaction between local synoptic storms and wave energy generated by enhanced tropical rainfall in the eastern Indian Ocean. This regional out-of-phase precipitation relationship is
Hydrometeor and latent heat profiles of tropical cyclones Conson, Ivan and Catarina using PR/TRMM data

No presente trabalho foram analisados as caracteristicas microfisicas e termodinâmicas de dois sistemas tropicais, o Furacao Ivan e o Tufao Conson, e um sub-tropical, Catarina, a partir de medicoes feitas com o radar PR a bordo do satelite TRMM. Na analise, os perfis de refletividade foram classificados conforme as tecnicas de Heymsfield et al (2000) e Steiner et al (1995) e em seguida foram calculados os conteudos de agua e gelo, a partir de uma relacao obtida no Estado de Rondonia (Brasil). Com estes perfis calculou-se a taxa de aquecimento diabatico devido a liberacao de calor latente conforme Tao et al (1990). Apos serem comparados os tres furacoes, fez-se uma analise mais detalhada do Catarina, que foi o primeiro furacao oficialmente registrado no Atlântico Sul. Os resultados mostraram que o Ivan e o Conson tiveram um alto teor medio de agua, especialmente nos niveis mais baixos e perto de seus centros. Os resultados indicaram que o furacao Catarina foi mais raso, tinha menor teor de agua liquida e mais concentrada proximo do centro. O teor medio de gelo no Catarina foi cerca de 0,05 g kg-1, enquanto no Conson foi de 0,06 g kg-1 e no Ivan 0,08 g kg-1. O Conson e o Ivan tiveram teor de agua de ate 0,3 g kg-1 acima da isolinha de 0oC, enquanto que o Catarina teve menos de 0,15 g kg-1. A taxa de aquecimento, devido a liberacao de calor latente, no Catarina, mostrou ter magnitudes similares aos outros dois sistemas, com maiores diferencas nas regioes proximas do nucleo.
Herd Mentality in the Stock Market: On the Role of Idiosyncratic Participants with Heterogeneous Information

This paper examines herd behaviour using aggregate market data for stocks, with a focus on the role of idiosyncratic participants with heterogeneous information. We look at herding asymmetry between up and down markets, taking into consideration the daily price limits and the impact of the recent financial crisis. We also improve upon existing tests for fundamental and non-fundamental herding, as well as proposing a method for investigating herd behaviour of different groups of investors. Empirical evidence based on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange in Vietnam reveals a greater level of herding on up compared to down market days, and a significant reduction in the magnitude of herding following the crisis. We document robust intentional herding even when unintentional (fundamental) herding is factored out. Our empirical results also uncover potential within-group herding and between-group interactions among arbitrageurs and noise traders in the market.
Corporate social responsibility and the transformation of the productive matrix for Ecuador sustainability

The use of social responsibility as a business management strategy was defined, from a theoretical point of view, was studied to determine its utility to the change of the productive matrix for Ecuador sustainability. A descriptive correlational research was carried out in four companies in the Pichincha province, demonstrating that there are significant differences in the integral performance of Corporate Social Responsibility regarding the change of the productive matrix; that the eight indicators that influence the most these differences were found. There was a positive correlation with the two indicators related to the change in the productive matrix, which provided empirical evidence that the companies that perform better in Social Responsibility have better conditions to develop the required production transformation.
Flag leaf characteristics and relationship with grain yield and grain protein percentage for three cereals

An experiments were done to investigation the relationship between flag leaf characteristics for three cereal crop (Oat, Wheat and Rice) with grain yield and grain protein. Five cultivars from Oat (Wallaro, Carrolup, Wild oat, Hamel and Genzania), wheat (Ipa95, Ipa99, Abughraib, Letifia and Iraq) and rice (Anber, yassmen, Mishkab1, Mishkab2 and Baghdad) were evaluated for three seasons (2011, 2012 and 2013) in AL-Muthanna governorate, Iraq. The experiments were conducted in R.C. B. Design with three replicates.In general the relationship was positive and significant between grain yield and flag leaf area and nigitive between grain protein percentage with flag leaf area and grain yield for oat and rice crops. Among the cultivars of oat, the different for studied characteristics were significant. The highest flag leaf area was observed in Wallaro cv. during 2012 arrived 77.01 cm2 and fresh weight of flag leaf and grain yield for 2011 arrived (0.93 g) and (5.42 t/ ha-1) for characteristics respectively. Wild oat cultivar gave lowest means for most trails expect grain protein which recorded high mean (12.96%) in season of 2013. The studied trails were significantly affected by cultivars of wheat, Ipa-95 gave high flag leaf area arrived 51.23 cm2 in season of 2013, and produced high means in fresh weight of flag leaf, total chlorophyll content and grain yield for 2013 arrived (0.69 g), (54.87 spad) and (5.54 t. ha-1) for characteristics respectively. Letifia cv. gave lowest means for most trails expect grain protein which recorded high mean (13.94 %) in season of 2013. The results showed differences between cultivars of rice during growing season. Meshkab-1 cv. gave high grain yield (4.98 ton/ ha-1) in growing season 2013 while meshkab-2 cv. gave high mean (4.89 ton. ha-1) in season 2012. Yassmen cv. was arrived (4.24 ton. ha1) in season 2011. anber cv. gave highest average of grain protein percentage (12.09%) in the 2013. Yassmen cv. gave high flag leaf area (39.13 cm2) and fresh weight of flag leaf area (0.49 g).
Role of medium-scale waves on the Southern Annular Mode

[1] We examined the role of short-period waves on the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) through analysis of 6-hourly reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF ERA-Interim). We focused on medium-scale waves, those with periods shorter than about 6 days. Although medium-scale waves generally have much smaller amplitudes than synoptic waves, they have a much higher correlation with the SAM index. As a result, about one third of wave-driven meridional circulation and zonal wind acceleration associated with the SAM is generated by medium-scale waves. Their contribution is large in spite of their climatologically smaller amplitude. Moreover, two thirds of SAM-related meridional circulation and zonal wind acceleration comes from waves of periods shorter than about 3 days. Our analysis demonstrates a positive feedback between westerly winds around 60°S and amplification of synoptic and medium-scale waves, which sustains hemispheric SAM variability. For the feedback process between zonal wind and waves, baroclinic conversion is a key process to both synoptic waves and medium-scale waves. Our analysis also shows that wave forcings calculated from daily data explain only half of the total forcings and that the contribution from short-period waves is very significant around 50°S.
Identification of bacterial multidrug resistance in wounds of pets

The objective of this study was to identify the bacteria present in wounds of dogs and cats, monitor the resistance profile of the main groups of antimicrobials and identify multidrug-resistant strains of interest in public health. 54 bacterial isolates from 38 wounds were evaluated in 48 dogs and 6 cats from the Veterinary Hospital (HV) of the State University of Maringa (UEM), Umuarama Regional Campus (CAU) from March 2012 until February 2014. The evaluation of the isolates, performed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology of HV-UEM-CAU, consisted of bacterial identification by morpho-tinturials and biochemical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion method with 32 antimicrobial and phenotypic research of MRS, MRS-MLSB, ESBL and VRE strains. Multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) was calculated by the MAR index. The results were submitted to descriptive analysis in order to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies. 55.5% (30/54) of the strains tested were identified as gram-positive cocci, 35.2% (19/54) as fermenting gram-negative bacilli and 9.3% (5/54) as non-fermenters. The highest prevalence of strains identified was Staphlococcus spp. (48.1%), followed by Escherichia coli (11.1%), Citrobacter spp. (7.4%), Pseudomonas spp. (7.4%) and Providencia spp. (5.5%), others were found in small percentages. A total of 1433 reviews of antimicrobial drugs were conducted where the percentage of drug resistance in vitro considered by CLSI was 42.3 % (n=606) and with intermediate resistance was 7.4% (n=106), totaling 49.7% (n=712) rating with partial or total resistance. The average MAR index was 0.42, where 83.3% (45/54) of the isolates were multiresistant (≥ 0.2). The drugs regarded as the most susceptible to resistance were penicillin (R=87.5%), ampicillin (R=79.2%), amoxicillin (R=71.7%), clindamycin (R=80%), oxacillin (R=63 %) (only tested in Gram-positives), cefoxitin (R=63.3%), tetracycline (R=61%), erythromycin (R=61%) and rifampin (R=52%). Drugs considered to be less susceptible to bacteria resistance were imipenem (R=0%), meropenem (R=4.5%), polymyxin (R=9.5%) (only tested in Gram-negative), gentamicin (R=17%), tobramycin (R=19%), amikacin (R=21%) and neomycin (R=26%). There were found 16 samples phenotypically characterized as MRS, 12 as MRS-MLSB, one as VRE and 5 as ESBL strains.
Behavioural Analysis of Insurance Companies in Real Estate Investment in Nigeria

Insurance companies play two major roles in the economy. First is providing indemnification and second is institutional investment. This study’s focus is on the latter role in Nigeria. The study examined the perception of insurance companies about real asset in their portfolio and factors that influence investment in the asset. Structured questionnaires were distributed to fifty-two insurance companies in Lagos State. Data collected were presented in tables and analysed with statistical tools such as percentages, mean and relative importance index for ease of understanding. It was found that capital security and portfolio stability (diversification) were the principal driving motive for investing in real estate while liquidity concern, high transaction costs, inadequate infrastructure development in the country and unreliable valuation data among others constitute major factors militating against investment in real estate. It was further found that investment in real estate is currently far below what the law stipulates in Nigeria. The paper therefore concludes by suggesting that insurance companies need to see real estate as attractive investment asset and invest in creating comprehensive real estate submarket rather than cherry-pick manner investment in properties.
Elaborating the Individual Difference Component in Deterrence Theory

Deterrence theory and criminal justice policy hold that punishment enhances compliance and deters future criminal activity. Empirical research, however, is decidedly mixed, with some studies finding that punishment weakens compliance, some finding that sanctions have no effect on compliance, and some finding that the effect of sanctions depends on moderating factors. In this review, we do not consider whether sanctions affect compliance but instead consider the conditions under which sanctions affect compliance. Specifically, we focus on understanding the kinds-of-people dimension of sanctions and deterrence to include individual differences (in social bonding, morality, discount rate, impulsivity, social network position, decision-making competence) and situational differences (in emotions, alcohol/drug use). Upon reviewing the empirical evidence, we identify important gaps for theoretical and empirical work and comment on how this work relates to public policy.
Satellite-measured chlorophyll and temperature variability off northern Chile during the 1996-1998 La Nina and El Niño

Time series of satellite measurements are used to describe patterns of surface temperature and chlorophyll associated with the 1996 cold La Nina phase and the 1997–1998 warm El Nino phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycle in the upwelling region off northern Chile. Surface temperature data are available through the entire study period. Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data first became available in September 1997 during a relaxation in El Nino conditions identified by in situ hydrographic data. Over the time period of coincident satellite data, chlorophyll patterns closely track surface temperature patterns. Increases both in nearshore chlorophyll concentration and in cross-shelf extension of elevated concentrations are associated with decreased coastal temperatures during both the relaxation in El Nino conditions in September-November 1997 and the recovery from El Nino conditions after March 1998. Between these two periods during austral summer (December 1997 to March 1998) and maximum El Nino temperature anomalies, temperature patterns normally associated with upwelling were absent and chlorophyll concentrations were minimal. Cross-shelf chlorophyll distributions appear to be modulated by surface temperature frontal zones and are positively correlated with a satellite-derived upwelling index. Frontal zone patterns and the upwelling index in 1996 imply an austral summer nearshore chlorophyll maximum, consistent with SeaWiFS data from 1998–1999, after the El Nino. SeaWiFS retrievals in the data set used here are higher than in situ measurements by a factor of 2–4; however, consistency in the offset suggests relative patterns are valid.
Process Competence and Expert Knowledge: Educational and Psychological Counseling Service vis-a-vis kindergartens and schools

This study aims to develop knowledge of essential counseling competencies in the Educational Psychological Counseling Service (EPCS). Through semi-structured interviews with six counselors, the essential competencies of those who counsel teachers and parents are identified and discussed. Five main categories of competencies are proposed in response to the research question: What counseling competencies are considered essential during the counseling process ? The results emphasize the importance of the counseling alliance, the counselor’s awareness, the counselor’s competencies in challenging and confronting the client, the counselor’s subject knowledge and enhancement of the client’s ownership of the proposed solution. Three of the categories (the counseling alliance, awareness and challenging/confronting) constitute counselors’ process competence. The two remaining categories (subject knowledge and ownership) constitute counselors’ expert knowledge. Conclusions: Process competence is heavily emphasized as essential for EPCS counselors and process competence and expert knowledge might be seen as two sides of the same coin.
The three-dimensional interaction of a vortex pair with a wall

The interaction of vortices passing near a solid surface has been examined using direct numerical simulation. The configuration studied is a counter-rotating vortex pair approaching a wall in an otherwise quiescent fluid. The focus of these simulations is on the three-dimensional effects, of which little is known. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first three-dimensional simulation that lends support to the short-wavelength instability of the secondary vortex. It has been shown how this Crow-type instability leads to three dimensionality after the rebound of a vortex pair. The growth of the instability of the secondary vortex in the presence of the stronger primary vortex leads to the turning and intense stretching of the secondary vortex. As the instability grows the secondary vortex is bent, stretched, and wrapped around the stronger primary. During this process reconnection was observed between the two secondary vortices. Reconnection also begins between the primary and secondary vortices but the weaker secondary vortex dissipates before the primary, leaving reconnection incomplete. Evidence is presented for a new type of energy cascade based on the short-wavelength instability and the formation of continual smaller vortices at the wall. Ultimately the secondary vortex is destroyed by stretching and dissipation leaving the primary vortex with a permanently distorted shape but relatively unaffected strength compared to an isolated vortex.
PII: S0010-0277(01)00121-4

A tendency for speakers to produce short phrases before long phrases has been attributed to the accessibility of short phrases, and thought to re ̄ect universal mechanisms of production. However, recent corpus analyses in Japanese suggest that long phrases tend to be shifted ahead of short ones (Hawkins, J. (1994). A performance theory of order and constituency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Yamashita, in press). Two on-line experiments con®rmed that speakers shifted long arguments to earlier positions more than short arguments, exhibiting a along before shorto preference. We reconcile these contradictory data from English and Japanese by a competition between different factors in an incremental production system. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.