Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Money on the Table? Firms' and Workers' Gains from Productivity Spillovers Through Worker Mobility

We estimate how much of the gains from productivity spillovers through worker mobility is retained by the hiring firms, by the workers who bring spillovers, and by the other workers. Using linked employer-employee data from Danish manufacturing for the period 1995-2007, we find that at least two-thirds of the total output gain of 0.11% per year is netted by the firms, while the workers who bring spillovers receive at most 6% of it as the wage premium. The large share retained by the firms implies that spillovers through worker mobility are mostly a positive externality to them. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY Firms benefit from outside knowledge, which they can access, among other channels, through hiring new workers. The mounting empirical evidence suggests that firms’ productivity gains traceable to hiring new workers account for a nontrivial share of the aggregate productivity growth. Is any part of those gains redistributed from the firms to the workers in the form of a higher salary? To answer this question, we track the movements of workers between firms in the Danish manufacturing sector. We find that new workers coming from more productive firms increase the hiring firms’ productivity, the more the larger the productivity gap between the sending and receiving firms is. (Hiring workers from less productive firms is neutral to productivity.) The workers, new as well as incumbent, benefit too. However, the workers’ total wage gains make up only about a third of the firms’ productivity gains from worker mobility. Why is this finding interesting? One would think that the net gains from worker mobility to hiring firms (i.e., productivity gains minus wage gains) would be brought to virtually zero by firms’ trying to outbid each other on a competitive labor market. Our findings are in stark contrast with this prediction. The possible reasons behind the moving workers’ not receiving the full gains from mobility – lack of competition between firms, limited observability of workers’ potential and other “information asymmetries” – need further research. Whatever the reason, the market for knowledge embedded in the workers does not seem to be fully efficient.
Season influence on milk physico-chemical and microbiological aspects in Western Santa Catarina.

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as variacoes sazonais da qualidade do leite no oeste de Santa Catarina de acordo com as estacoes do ano. Utilizaram-se dados de 799 produtores de leite de uma cooperativa do Oeste Catarinense, considerando os teores de gordura, proteina, CCS (contagem de celulas somaticas) e CBT (contagem bacteriana total) de 9144 amostras de leite cru, coletadas diretamente dos tanques de resfriamento do produtor, durante os meses de outubro de 2009 a setembro de 2010. Os dados foram agrupados em quatro estacoes do ano (verao, outono, inverno e primavera). Para as quatro estacoes do ano, os dados tambem foram classificados segundo as instrucoes normativas IN 51 e IN 62 do Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento, como tambem de acordo com um sistema de remuneracao ao produtor adotado por laticinios na regiao do estudo. Os resultados revelaram diferenca entre os grupos (P<0.05), sendo que o teor de gordura foi maior no outono, a proteina e CBT foram maiores no inverno e CCS apresentou os maiores indices no verao. Conforme os criterios estabelecidos pela legislacao, o principal problema observado foi associado a CBT, sendo que no inverno foram observadas as maiores contagens e, no verao, a maior porcentagem de amostras fora do padrao preconizado pela legislacao. Com base na remuneracao por qualidade, a composicao centesimal resultou para a maioria dos produtores em bonificacao no preco do leite pago ao produtor, e a CBT foi a principal responsavel pela diminuicao do preco final.
DSGE Models - solution strategies

DSGE models are the main tool for analyzing various questions in business cycle theory, monetary and flscal policy problems, growth and other flelds in macroeconomics and international macroeconomics. Many macroeconomic publications use a DSGE framework. A consensus in methodology is reached to use this kind of model. Solving DSGE models remains a continuing area of interest. This paper gives an overview of available solution techniques. Linear approximation methods and perturbation methods are explored in detail. Solution strategies such as the eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition of Blanchard and Kahn (1980) or the method of undetermined coe‐cients are explained. Bayesian estimation is shortly sketched. Evaluation methods are described brie∞y. Finally, the paper provides some useful sources for practical implementation.
Genetic diversity of endangered populations of Butia capitata : Implications for conservation

The flora and fauna of the Cerrado biome in central Brazil both show great diversity and high levels of endemism. Butia capitata is a palm native to this biome that has significant economic, social, and environmental value. We sought to identify and quantify the genetic diversity of four fragmented populations of B. capitata growing in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, as well as one located at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA) at UFMG, assessing 93 genotypes using 11 ISSR markers. The relationships among populations were evaluated by constructing dendrograms, principal coordinate analysis, genetic distances, as well as Bayesian inference, including and excluding the ICA population. High genetic diversity was found in the populations studied, with most of that diversity occurring within populations. Bayesian inference regrouped the original populations into four populations, redistributing the ICA individuals to the Aboboras and Cristalia populations. The analysis that excluded the ICA population arranged the original populations into two groups - with the Aboboras and Cristalia populations together in the same group. The ICA population was found to be a repository for future reintroductions into the Aboboras and Cristalia regions, as they genetically resemble those populations. It should be noted that other management measures outlined in this study should be adopted before these palm populations enter critical decline phases, such as: stimulus to plants seedlings derived from seeds originated in each area (principally the Aboboras site); quantification of the genetic diversity of neighboring populations to the Mirabela site for future reintroductions as this population showed low intrapopulation diversity. Key words : Arecaceae , inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) molecular markers, Bayesian analysis, management measures.
Comparison of Nucleation and Growth at Paired Urban and Rural Locations

The number and size distributions of particles between 10 and 400 nm were measured in Toronto and rural Egbert during May 2007 to May 2008 to compare nucleation and growth at paired urban and rural locations. Particle formation and growth were observed in Egbert more frequently than in Toronto, and simultaneous events occurred on 34 out of 368 days. In contrast, formation and growth rates were both higher in Toronto. Further, a linear regression analysis suggested that compounds contributing to nucleation and growth processes were different in Toronto and Egbert. Vehicular emissions seemed to suppress particle formation in downtown Toronto. Nucleation also appeared to be suppressed by long-range transported pollutants originating from industrial regions in southwestern Ontario and northern Ohio in the United States. A Nucleation Indicator (NI) was developed by combining relevant parameters, and it was found to provide a reasonable measure of the probability of nucleation events occurring.
Systemic Banking Crises, Financial Liberalization and Governance

This paper revisits the relationship between liberalization and systemic banking crisis in light of a more comprehensive measure of financial liberalization and its interaction with various measures of banking governance and institutional quality. We estimate the probability of systemic banking crisis for a sample of 53 countries using multivariate logit models and allowing the determinants of crisis to vary across country groups. The results show that liberalization increases the likelihood of crisis only at early stages of financial reforms and up to certain level, after which, greater liberalization, through more advanced financial reforms, tends to reduce the probability of systemic banking crisis. We also find that stricter banking regulation and supervision, better law and order, government stability, lack of corruption and bureaucratic efficiency generally lead to reduced probability of crisis. However, the magnitude and significance of the beneficial effects of governance largely depend on the degree of liberalization and vary across countries depending on their levels of income and development.
Real Effective Exchange Rate Determination in Indonesia: A Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate Approach

The aim of this paper is to analyze the determination of real effective exchange rate in Indonesia for the period 1994.1-2004.6 using behavioral approach. The sets of funda¬mental variables consisting of net foreign asset, term of trade, ratio total trade to GDP, pri¬vate and government consumption were used to estimate for resulting estimation of behav¬ioral real effective exchange rate. The data was used in this study using time series monthly data from 1994.1 – 2004.6. The source of data were taken from International Financial Statistic and Central Bank of Indonesia. The method of analysis is multivariate cointegration methods of Johansen to determine the long run relationship real effective exchange rate. Exchange rate misalign¬ment was also used in this study by plotting the series between actual real effective exchange rate and the behavioral equilibrium exchange rate. The results of this study showed that from the estimation result of behavioral equi¬librium exchange rate, some variables of the sets fundamental variables such as net foreign asset, term of trade and ratio total trade to GDP were correctly signed, plausible magnitude and statistically significant. But, government and private consumption were not statistically significant and incorrectly signed. From the plotted result between actual and equilibrium estimation, it represents that for the period post-1997, the currency has been undervalued. The close alignment between actual and equilibrium was occurred in 1998 and 1999. But at the end of the sample, the currency looked overvalued. Keywords: Real effective exchange rate, Behavioral equilibrium approach, Cointegration
Conveyor belt trajectories - comparing predicted to experimental results

conveyor transfer research facility has been commissioned at the University of Wollongong to investigate particle flow mechanisms through conveyor transfers. As part of this re search investigations into conveyor trajectories have been under taken at varying belt speeds and using two granular free-flowing materials. Numerous numerical methods exist to predict the mate rial trajectory from the head of a belt conveyor. Each method uses varying combinations of particle and bulk properties as well as the conveyor geometry. Thesehave been used to predict the experi mentally measured trajectories. The discrete element method (DEM) has also been utilized to produce further trajectory predic tions. A 30 CAO model of the experimental test facility has been generated and combined with the particle and bulk properties of the test materials. OEM simulations have been produced to com pare to the other two methods. The results of experimental testing are compared directly with numerical methods and OEM simula tions to ascertain whether any of these models can be relied on to accurately predict conveyor trajectories.
ACQUISITION OF VERBS AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURES IN TURKISH

This study aims to investigate how Turkish children analyze language input in the process of acquisition of verbs and argument structures in their first language. To this end, a task including 24 sentences was presented to 12 Turkish children whose ages range between 3,4 to 5,0. Out of these 24 sentences, 12 sentences included morphologically transitive verbs whereas the other 12 ones included lexically transitive verbs. Further, in the 12 sentences, objects of the verbs were presented with accusative case marker in different word orders. Moreover, the word order was intentionally modified in some sentences. The aim of the task was to elicit the sensitivity of Turkish children to causative morphology, accusative case marker, and word order in the acquisition of verbs and argument structures of Turkish. The results indicate that Turkish children use language-specific cues in the interpretation of verbs and their argument structures, which is causative morphology for Turkish. In addition, Turkish children appear to use semantic mechanism in order to interpret the argument structures of verbs in sentences with modified word order. All of these results support the view of Tomasello (1992) as children seem to acquire verbs and argument structures without the presence of innate ability, but through the interaction with input.
Brand Attachment on Service Loyalty in Banking Sector

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of brand attachment on service loyalty to the services provided by financial sector. As one of the extremely valuable assets of every firm is its brand, attachment creates a deep emotional link between the consumers and the brand such that it contributes to the success of brand management process. To this end, the effects of two dimensions of the construct (brand-self connection and brand prominence) on each of the dimensions of service loyalty would be explored. The questionnaire is based on Park et al. (2010) and Sudhahar et al. (2006). The results of structural equations modeling indicated that brand attachment had a significant positive effect on service loyalty. Furthermore, the existed a positive effect on the dimensions of brand attachmentiai.e. , brand-self connection and brand prominenceiaand all dimensions of loyaltyiai.e. , behavioral, attitudinal, cognitive, conative, affective, commitment, and trust). Among them, brand-self connection had the highest effect on cognitive loyalty, trust-based loyalty, and commitment-based loyalty while brand prominence was most effective on affective loyalty, cognitive loyalty, and trust-based loyalty.Because of the increase in the number of institutions in banking sector and the diversity of services they offer, banking managers can take the advantage of using the results of brand attachment's effect on the study variables and enhance the loyalty to their services.
Financial Development and Economic Growth in Nepal: New intuitions from a Time Series Causality Method

Generalized empirical evidences about impact and direction of causality between financial development and economic growth ignoring the differences of structure and other factors seem less effective to understand the contributions of financial as well as real sector development to economic growth by country specific factors in Nepal. This paper has established the short run or long run relationship and the direction of causality between financial and real sector development with economic growth. For the study purpose, time-series data covering the period of 1975 to 2015 were used considering whole financial system in Nepal as population and financial intermediation as sample for the study. E-Views 9 was used to obtain the results of Unit root test, Engle-Granger co-integration test, Error correction model and Granger causality test. Results conclude that although finance-led growth yields positive consequences, real sectors indicator like consumer price index (CPI) has more impact on real gross domestic product (GDP), a proxy of economic growth, than financial development indicators (M2Y, CPY) in Nepal. This study also predicts negative co-integrating relationship between trade openness and GDP.Bidirectional causality between broad money to GDP ratio and real GDP, and unidirectional causality of PIY and CPI with positive role upon GDP suggesting urgent need of contractionary fiscal and monetary policies to induce private sector investment in GDP.
Chemical evolution of the Milky Way: the origin of phosphorus

Context. Recently, for the first time the abundance of P has been measured in disk stars. This provides the opportunity of comparing the observed abundances with predictions from theoretical models. Aims. We aim at predicting the chemical evolution of P in the Milky Way and compare our results with the observed P abundances in disk stars in order to put constraints on the P nucleosynthesis. Methods. To do that we adopt the two-infall model of galactic chemical evolution, which is a good model for the Milky Way, and compute the evolution of the abundances of P and Fe. We adopt stellar yields for these elements from different sources. The element P should have been formed mainly in Type II supernovae. Finally, Fe is mainly produced by Type Ia supernovae. Results. Our results confirm that to reproduce the observed trend of [P/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] in disk stars, P is formed mainly in massive stars. However, none of the available yields for P can reproduce the solar abundance of this element. In other words, to reproduce the data one should assume that massive stars produce more P than predicted by a factor of ~ 3. Conclusions. We conclude that all the available yields of P from massive stars are largely underestimated and that nucleosynthesis calculations should be revised. We also predict the [P/Fe] expected in halo stars.
Obtaining a Figurative Interpretation of a Word: Support for Underspecification

Based on the results from a number of eye-tracking experiments, Frisson and Pickering (1999) and Pickering and Frisson (2001) proposed a model for the on-line processing of words with semantically related senses. According to this model, only the underspecified, schematic meaning of a word with multiple senses is activated initially. This underspecified meaning encompasses all related senses that are established in someone's lexicon. Once this underspecified meaning has been used to assign a semantic value, it can be followed by a homing-in stage in which context is used to arrive at the contextually appropriate sense. This article discusses the implications of the underspecification model with respect to the processing of figurative language and asserts that this model gives a better account of how incremental semantic processing can proceed smoothly and flexibly. In conclusion, the model is related to the linguistic distinctions of polysemy and monosemy, and it is argued that, at this moment in time, there is no compelling evidence to postulate more than one underspecified meaning.
Is gender diversity in ownership structure related to private Italian companies propensity to engage in earnings management practices

The study investigates whether and how gender diversity in ownership structure (here intended as female ownership) is related to private (unlisted) Italian companies’ propensity to engage in earnings management practices, specifically in “earnings minimization” (EM) and “earnings change minimization” (ECM). Companies practice EM when they manage earnings to bring them close to zero. They practice ECM, instead, when they manage earnings to avoid large earnings changes or, in other words, to “smooth” company earnings. Companies that engage in such practices are detected by adopting the earnings distribution approach. The results of chi-square tests for equality of distributions show that the earnings frequency distributions and the earnings change frequency distributions, conditional on the portion of equity held by female owners, are significantly equal from a statistical point of view, demonstrating that gender diversity in ownership structure and private Italian companies’ propensity to engage in EM and ECM are not related. Logit analysis models confirm these findings. The main contribution this study brings to the literature consists in the fact that it is the first study that investigates the relationship between gender diversity in ownership structure and earnings management practices. Key words: Earnings management, earnings minimization, earnings change minimization, gender diversity, private companies, Italy.
Isotopes and genes reveal freshwater origins of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha aggregations in California's coastal ocean

The ability of salmon to navigate from the ocean back to their river of origin to spawn acts to reinforce local adaptation and maintenance of unique and heritable traits among salmon populations. Here, the extent to which Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the same freshwater breeding groups associate together in the ocean at regional and smaller-scale aggre- gations prior to homeward migration is evaluated. Natural variation in salmon otolith daily growth bands, strontium isotopes ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr), and microsatellite DNA were used as intrinsic tags to link the distributions of fish caught in the ocean with their freshwater origins. Adults were caught from vessels by hook and line in small aggregations (7�18 ind.) at the same geographic location (1�24 km of coastline) and time (4�36 h) from 3 ocean regions along central California, USA. Salmon caught together in aggregations were from the same genetic group, and to a lesser extent, of the same natal origin (individual rivers or hatcheries). However, at regional scales, adult salmon mixed. Central Valley winter-run Chinook salmon caught together in the ocean varied in the duration of freshwater rearing for up to 2�3 mo prior to seaward migration, suggesting associa- tions within the group were not established in freshwater or maintained over the lifetime of the fish. Our findings are consistent with coarser information indicating stocks are distributed differ- ently in time and space, but larger sample sizes are required to evaluate the consistency of pat- terns at smaller spatial scales. This study uncovers freshwater associations prior to homeward migration, a principle and undocumented prerequisite of the collective navigation hypothesis.
Trajectory classes of job performance The role of self-efficacy and organizational tenure

Purpose – Previous literature has recognized the variability of job performance, calling attention to the inter-individual differences in performance change. Building on Murphy’s (1989) theoretical model of performance, the purpose of this paper is to verify the existence of two distinct classes of performance, reflecting stable and increasing trends, and to investigate which personal conditions prompt the inclusion of individuals in one class rather than the other. Design/methodology/approach – Overall job performance was obtained from supervisory ratings for four consecutive years for 410 professionals of a large Italian company going through significant reorganization. Objective data were merged with employees’ organizational tenure and self-efficacy. Growth Mixture Modeling was used. Findings – Two main groups were identified: the first one started at higher levels of performance and showed a stable trajectory over time (stable class); the second group started at lower levels and reported an increasin.