Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A secondary organic aerosol formation model considering successive oxidation aging and kinetic condensation of organic compounds : global scale implications

The widely used two-product secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation model has been extended in this study to consider the volatility changes of secondary organic gases (SOG) arising from the aging process as well as the kinetic condensation of low volatile SOG (LV-SOG). In addition to semi-volatile SOG (SV-SOG) with saturation vapor pressure at 290 K ( C 290) in the range of∼3 ppt–3 ppb and medium-volatile SOG (MV-SOG) withC 290 in the range of ∼0.3–300 ppb, we add a third component representing LVSOG withC 290 below∼3 ppt and design a scheme to transfer MV-SOG to SV-SOG and SV-SOG to LV-SOG associated with oxidation aging. This extended SOA formation model has been implemented in a global aerosol model (GEOSChem) and the co-condensation of H 2SO4 and LV-SOG on pre-existing particles is explicitly simulated. We show that, over many parts of the continents, LV-SOG concentrations are generally a factor of ∼2–20 higher than those of H 2SO4 and the kinetic condensation of LV-SOG significantly enhances particle growth rates. Comparisons of the simulated and observed evolution of particle size distributions at a boreal forest site (Hyytï alä, Finland) clearly show that LVSOG condensation is critical in order to bring the simulations closer to the observations. With the new SOA formation scheme, annual mean SOA mass increases by a factor of 2–10 in many parts of the boundary layer and reaches above 0.5 μg m−3 in most parts of the main continents, improving the agreement with aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) SOA measurements. While the new scheme generally decreases the concentration of condensation nuclei larger than 10 nm by 3–30% in the lower boundary layer as a result of enhanced Correspondence to: F. Yu (yfq@asrc.cestm.albany.edu) surface area and reduced nucleation rates, it substantially increases the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei at a water supersaturation ratio of 0.2%, ranging from ∼5–20% over a large fraction of oceans and high latitude continents to more than 50% over some parts of South America, Australia, and Indonesia. Our study highlights the importance for global aerosol models to explicitly account for the oxidation aging of SOGs and their contribution to particle growth.
Evidence for a three-phase sequence during Heinrich Stadial 4 using a multiproxy approach based on Greenland ice core records

Abstract. Glacial climate was characterised by two types of abrupt events. Greenland ice cores record Dansgaard–Oeschger events, marked by abrupt warming in-between cold, stadial phases. Six of these stadials appear related to major Heinrich events (HEs), identified from ice-rafted debris (IRD) and large excursions in carbon- and oxygen-stable isotopic ratios in North Atlantic deep sea sediments, documenting major ice sheet collapse events. This finding has led to the paradigm that glacial cold events are induced by the response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to such massive freshwater inputs, supported by sensitivity studies conducted with climate models of various complexities. These models also simulate synchronous Greenland temperature and lower-latitude hydrological changes. To investigate the sequence of events between climate changes at low latitudes and in Greenland, we provide here the first 17O-excess record from a Greenland ice core during Dansgaard–Oeschger events 7 to 13, encompassing H4 and H5. Combined with other ice core proxy records, our new 17O-excess data set demonstrates that stadials are generally characterised by low 17O-excess levels compared to interstadials. This can be interpreted as synchronous change of high-latitude temperature and lower-latitude hydrological cycle (relative humidity at the oceanic source of evaporation or change in the water mass trajectory/recharge) and/or an influence of local temperature on 17O-excess through kinetic effect at snow formation. As an exception from this general pattern, stadial 9 consists of three phases, characterised first by Greenland cooling during 550 ± 60 years (as shown by markers of Greenland temperature δ18O and δ15N), followed by a specific lower-latitude fingerprint as identified from several proxy records (abrupt decrease in 17O-excess, increase in CO2 and methane mixing ratio, heavier δD-CH4 and δ18Oatm), lasting 740 ± 60 years, itself ending approximately 390 ± 50 years prior to abrupt Greenland warming. We hypothesise that this lower-latitude signal may be the fingerprint of Heinrich event 4 in Greenland ice cores. The proposed decoupling between stable cold Greenland temperature and low-latitude climate variability identified for stadial 9 provides new targets for benchmarking climate model simulations and testing mechanisms associated with millennial variability.
Experimental demonstration of a collinear triple pulse grazing-incidence pumping scheme for a transient collisional pumped x-ray laser

We present a nickel-like Molybdenum x-ray laser (XRL) based on the transient collisional excitation scheme. Extending the double grazing-incidence pumping scheme to a triple pulse scheme with a nanosecond pre-pulse and two consecutive 3 ps pulses the output power of the XRL can be ∼6 times increased compared to existing configurations, while using a relatively low total pump energy of 0.7 J. Additionally we show that this setup can be extended to a double stage, oscillator and amplifier stage, XRL.
Öğretmenlerin Algıladığı Örgütsel Destek ile Örgütsel Özdeşleşme ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki: Örgütsel Güvenin Aracı Rolü

Algilanan orgutsel destek, sosyal degisim kuramina dayandirilmaktadir ve kurama gore calisanlar, orgutlerinden destek gorduklerinde bunu orgutlerine olumlu tutum ve davranislar olarak yansitmaktadirlar. Ogretmenler de okullarindan orgutsel destek gorduklerinde orgutsel guvenleri ve orgutsel ozdeslesmeleri artabilmekte ve isten ayrilma niyetleri azalabilmektedir. Bu degiskenler okulun amaclari ve basarisi icin onemli gorulmektedir. Bu calisma, ogretmenlerin algiladiklari orgutsel destek ile orgutsel ozdeslesme ve isten ayrilma niyetleri arasindaki iliskiyi ve bu iliskide orgutsel guvenin aracilik rolunu belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Arastirma ile kuramsal cerceveden yola cikilarak bir model olusturulmus ve modele iliskin hipotezler test edilmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu, 2016-2017 egitim ve ogretim yilinda Giresun Ili Bulancak ilcesindeki devlet liselerinde calisan 197 ogretmen olusturmaktadir. Degiskenler arasindaki iliskiler korelasyon analizi ve yapisal esitlik modeliyle test edilmistir. Arastirma sonucuna gore; ogretmenlerin algiladiklari orgutsel destek ile orgutsel guvenleri ve ozdeslesmeleri arasinda pozitif yonde, isten ayrilma niyetleri arasinda negatif yonde anlamli bir iliski bulunmaktadir. Ogretmenlerin algiladiklari orgutsel destek; orgutsel guvenlerini ve orgutsel ozdeslesmelerini pozitif yonde etkiliyorken isten ayrilma niyetlerini negatif yonde etkilemektedir. Ogretmenlerin orgutsel guvenleri, hem algiladiklari orgutsel destek ile orgutsel ozdeslesmeleri arasindaki iliskide hem de algiladiklari orgutsel destek ile isten ayrilma niyetleri arasindaki iliskide kismi araci rolune sahiptir. Arastirmanin, ogretmenlerin okul icindeki orgutsel davranislarinin daha iyi anlasilmasi bakimindan arastirmacilara ve egitim yoneticilerine katki saglayacagi ongorulmektedir.
A Reflection on the Structural Analysis and the Case Study

copy of “Charting the Course: Four Years of the Thomas W. Payzant School on the Move Prize” by Chad d’Entremont, Jill Norton, Michael Bennett, and Peter Piazza, and to be invited to reflect in print on the relationship between this article and my paper, “Different Students: How Typical Schools Are Built to Fail and Need to Change: A Structural Analysis,” both published in this issue of the Journal of Education. Clearly the two articles are related in that they both address school improvement, student performance, and the nature of schools that are exemplary in these regards. Despite these similarities in focus, there are significant differences between them in purpose and approach. Given the notably similar major conclusion that can be drawn from the outcomes of these two efforts, it is useful to begin by describing these differences.
Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and ecology of Anophryocephalus spp. (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae) among pinnipeds of the Holarctic during the late Tertiary and Pleistocene

Phylogenetic systematic analyses of Anophryocephalus spp. resulted in a single most-parsimonious cladogram (consistency index: 80%). Cladograms for pinniped hosts (phocids and otariids) and Anophryocephalus spp. were highly incongruent, corroborating a hypothesis for colonization as a dominant determinant of parasite diversification. Phoca (Pusa) spp. in the Atlantic basin are postulated as the initial hosts; range expansion for hosts and parasites into the Pacific basin through the Arctic (ca. 3.0–2.5 million years ago) was followed by radiation of Anophryocephalus spp. among Phoca spp. and subsequent colonization of otariids (Eumetopias jubatus as typical hosts; ca. 2.0 million years ago). Host phylogeny and historical biogeography in conjunction with host distributions of these cestodes indicate evolution of Anophryocephalus was associated with dispersal and radiation of Phoca spp. in the Holarctic during the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Isolation in regional refugia and vicariance (during stadials) .
The Growth Profile during 1980-2013 in Togo : Some Stylized Facts

This paper assesses firstly the impact of the level and the composition of public expenditures on growth and secondly the link between public investment and private investment in Togo. For this purpose, a neoclassical growth model and a private investment model were estimated using Two-Stage Least Squares. The findings highlight that during the period 1980-2013, the composition of public expenditures, contrarily to the level, had significant effect on economic growth. In fact, the public consumption had a negative impact whereas public investment had a positive impact on growth. Moreover, the study finds out that increasing public expenditures involves crowding-out effect on private investment. In the light of the results, the paper invites the Togolese government to change the composition of public expenditures by giving priority to the investment with careful arbitrage between private and public expenditures.
The Effect of School Choice: An Evaluation of the Charlotte Children's Scholarship Fund Program. Civic Report No. 12.

The Children's Scholarship Fund (CSF) program in Charlotte, North Carolina offered partial scholarships, awarded by lottery, to low-income families in Charlotte to attend private schools in the 1999-2000 school year. Families of 452 students (or the students themselves in some cases), some of whom were using scholarships and some of whom were not, responded to the study survey. Receiving a scholarship to attend private school improved scores on standardized mathematics and reading tests. Nearly twice as many choice parents gave their child's school an "A" (53%) as public school parents (26%). Choice parents were also nearly twice as likely to report being "very satisfied. " Overall, evidence from the CSF suggests that providing low-income families with scholarships has significant benefits for those families. The private schools accepting scholarship students were smaller and had smaller class sizes, on average, than the public schools, but small class size does not explain the higher student achievement observed in the private schools. Adding class size to the multivariate model predicting student test scores shows that class size has no effect on student achievement in this sample. (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. / r `. ,,e1 V 1 N. -0 No. 12 August 2000 The Effect of School Choice: An Evaluation of the Charlotte Children's Scholarship Fund Program Jay P. Greene Senior Fellow, The Manhattan Institute for Policy Research CENTER FOR CIVIC INNOVATION AT THE MANHATTAN INSTITUTE
Engineered Nuclear Hormone Receptor-Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring and Early Drug Discovery

Bacterial Biosensors are engineered microorganisms that can be used to detect a variety of chemicals. These chemicals can include heavy metals, toxins, hormones, hormone-like drugs and environmental endocrine-disrupting pollutants. In general, bacterial biosensors are engineered to express a biosensing protein, which can selectively bind to a target chemical (usually referred to as a “ligand”). When the target ligand is present, the biosensor protein produces an easily readable change in the cell behaviour. For example, the biosensing protein may produce a change in fluorescence or enzyme activity, or as shown in Fig. 1 & 2, may change the growth rate of the expressing cell when an appropriate ligand is present (Gillies et al, 2008; Skretas et al, 2007; Skretas & Wood, 2005a, 2005b, 2005c).
HUBUNGAN STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN MOTIVASI HIDUP SEHAT DENGAN PERILAKU MEMELIHARA KEBERSIHANLINGKUNGAN (Studi pada Ibu Rumah Tangga RW 05 Kelurahan Setiaratu Kecamatan Cibeureum Kota Tasikmalaya)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status sosial ekonomi dan motivasi hidup sehat; hubungan motivasi hidup sehat dengan perilaku ibu rumah tangga memelihara kebersihan lingkungan; hubungan status sosial ekonomi dan motivasi hidup sehat dengan perilaku ibu rumah tangga memelihara kebersihan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasinya ibu rumah tangga di RW 05 Kelurahan Setiaratu Kecamatan Cibeureum Kota Tasikmalaya sebanyak 400 ibu rumah tangga. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil 20% dari populasi. Jadi jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 80 ibu rumah tangga. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana dan berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengolahan data, analisis data dan pengujian hipotesis maka disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status sosial ekonomi dengan perilaku dalam memelihara kebersihan di RW 05 Kelurahan Setiaratu Kecamatan Cibeureum Kota Tasikmalaya dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,661 yang termasuk kategori kuat dan memberikan kontribusi sebesar atau 43,7%, terdapat hubungan antara motivasi hidup sehat dengan perilaku dalam memelihara kebersihan lingkungan di RW 05 Kelurahan Setiaratu Kecamatan Cibeureum Kota Tasikmalaya dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,755 dan memberikan kontribusi sebesar 57%,terdapat hubungan antara status sosial ekonomi dan motivasi hidup sehat dengan perilaku dalam memelihara kebersihan lingkungan di RW 05 Kelurahan Setiaratu Kecamatan Cibeureum Kota Tasikmalaya dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,782 yang termasuk kategori kuat dan memberikan kontribusi sebesar atau 61,2%. Kata kunci: sosial ekonomi, motivasi, perilaku, kebersihan lingkungan
Bounds on the complexity of Replica Symmetry Breaking for spherical spin glasses

In this paper, we study the Crisanti-Sommers variational problem, which is a variational formula for the free energy of spherical mixed $p$-spin glasses. We begin by computing the dual of this problem using a min-max argument. We find that the dual is a 1-D problem of obstacle type, where the obstacle is related to the covariance structure of the underlying process. This approach yields an alternative way to understand Replica Symmetry Breaking at the level of the variational problem through topological properties of the coincidence set of the optimal dual variable. Using this duality, we give an algorithm to reduce this a priori infinite dimensional variational problem to a finite dimensional one, thereby confining all possible forms of Replica Symmetry Breaking in these models to a finite parameter family. These results complement the authors' related results for the low temperature $\Gamma$-limit of this variational problem. We briefly discuss the analysis of the Replica Symmetric phase using this approach.
Çok Duyulu Öykülerin Ağır ve Çoklu Yetersizliği Olan Görmeyen Öğrencilerin Dinlediğini Anlamalarına Etkisi

Agir ve coklu yetersizligi olan cocuklarin ogrenme ozelliklerine uygun hale getirilen okuma materyalleri, bilissel ve iletisimsel becerilerini destekleyen okumaya dayali etkinliklere daha aktif katilmalarina destek olmaktadir. Bu okuma materyallerinden biri de birden fazla duyuya hitap eden “cok duyulu” oykulerdir. Cok duyulu oyku, agir derecede zihin yetersizligi ve/veya coklu yetersizligi olan bireyler icin bireysel olarak duzenlenmis sosyal etkilesim ve duyusal deneyimler uzerine odaklanarak anlatilan oykuler olarak tanimlanmaktadir. Bu calismada coklu yetersizligi olan gormeyen cocuklarin dinledigi oykuyu anlamada sabit bekleme sureli ogretim yontemi ile sunulan cok duyulu oyku anlatiminin etkililiginin sinanmasi amaclanmistir. Arastirmanin katilimcilarini, gorme engelliler okulunda cok engelliler siniflarinda egitim gormeye devam eden, 11-15 yaslar arasinda iki kiz, bir erkek ogrenci olusturmaktadir. Arastirmaya katilan katilimcilardan ucu de gorme yetersizligi ve otizme tanisina sahiptir. Arastirmada tek denekli deneysel desenlerden “denekler arasi coklu yoklama” deseni kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin bagimli degiskeni, coklu yetersizligi olan gormeyen ogrencilerin dinledigi oykuyu anlama duzeyleri, bagimsiz degiskeni ise, sabit bekleme sureli ogretim yontemi ile sunulan cok duyulu oyku anlatimi uygulamasidir. Yapilan ogretim oturumlari sonrasinda her uc katilimcinin da dinledikleri oykuye dair sorulan sorulara dogru cevap verme duzeyleri artmistir. Her katilimcinin cevaplandiramadigi soru farkli olmakla birlikte, uc katilimci da calismanin tum oturumlarinda yalnizca 1 soruya dogru cevap veremedikleri gorulmustur.
From quantum chemical formation free energies to evaporation rates

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation is an important source of atmospheric aerosols. Large efforts have been made during the past few years to identify which molecules are behind this phenomenon, but the actual birth mechanism of the particles is not yet well known. Quantum chemical calculations have proven to be a powerful tool to gain new insights into the very first steps of particle formation. In the present study we use formation free energies calculated by quantum chemical methods to estimate the evaporation rates of species from sulfuric acid clusters containing ammonia or dimethylamine. We have found that dimethylamine forms much more stable clusters with sulphuric acid than ammonia does. On the other hand, the existence of a very deep local minimum for clusters with two sulfuric acid molecules and two dimethylamine molecules hinders their growth to larger clusters. These results indicate that other compounds may be needed to make clusters grow to larger sizes (containing more than three sulfuric acid molecules).
Entrepreneurship Skills as a Factor Influencing Adoption of Innovations along Mango Value Chains in Meru County, Kenya

The study used a descriptivesurvey design. The study was carried out in Meru County, Kenya. Population of the study comprised of 13,574 farmers, traders and exporters, 404 farmers, 12 traders and 2 exporters. Both secondary and primary data was collected. Primary data was collected from the respondents using a structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used in the analysis. Quantitative data obtained from the field was analyzed using descriptive and inferential techniques. The descriptive techniques used means and frequencies while the inferential technique used were regression and correlation to establish relationship between variables in the study and inferences made. Frequency tables and charts were used to present the findings. The study found out that entrepreneurial skills played a role on the innovations adoption along the mango value chain. However, a linear association does not exist as between entrepreneurship skills and innovation in mango. The researcher concludes that with such a steady growth in yields and development in mango farming in Meru County, Kenyan mango supply chain appears to be promising. In the adoption of new innovations and there is need to train the growers on entrepreneurship. Education tours should be organized for the value chain members to countries such as India and Brazil so that they learn what their contemporaries in these countries are doing and adopt more skills
Demanda y Consumo de Productos Orgánicos en el Cantón Riobamba, Ecuador

espanolSe determina el nivel de consumo y demanda de productos organicos en la poblacion urbana del Canton Riobamba, Ecuador. Se emplearon tecnicas de recoleccion de datos tales como entrevistas y encuestas aplicadas a una muestra de 384 personas a traves de un muestreo aleatorio simple. Los principales lugares de compra de productos organicos son ferias especiales con frecuencia semanal donde los consumidores estan dispuestos a pagar un precio mas elevado por productos organicos versus productos convencionales. Las principales barreras para el crecimiento del consumo de productos organicos, son la baja oferta disponible, la falta de garantia de organicos, su corta vida util y los precios elevados. Los principales productos organicos consumidos son verduras, hortalizas y frutas organicas. Como conclusion de la investigacion se determino que el nivel de ingresos y la escolaridad de la poblacion no inciden sobre la demanda y consumo de productos organicos. EnglishThe level of consumption and demand of organic products in the urban population of the Riobamba Canton, in Ecuador is determined and discussed. To generate empirical evidence, data collection techniques such as interviews and surveys applied to 384 people were done. The main place for purchasing organic products are special markets with a weekly frequency where consumers are willing to pay a higher price for these types of products compared to conventional products. The main barriers to the growth of the consumption of organic products are the low supply available, the lack of guarantee that the products are organic, the short life for their consumption and the high prices. The main organic products consumed are organic vegetables and fruits. As a conclusion of the research it is determined that the level of income and schooling of the population do not affect the demand and consumption of organic products.