Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultraproducts which are not Saturated

In this paper we continue our study, begun in [5], of the connection between ultraproducts and saturated structures. If D is an ultrafilter over a set I , and is a structure (i.e., a model for a first order predicate logic ℒ ), the ultrapower of modulo D is denoted by D-prod . The ultrapower is important because it is a method of constructing structures which are elementarily equivalent to a given structure (see Frayne-Morel-Scott [3]). Our ultimate aim is to find out what kinds of structure are ultrapowers of . We made a beginning in [5] by proving that, assuming the generalized continuum hypothesis (GCH), for each cardinal α there is an ultrafilter D over a set of power α such that for all structures , D-prod is α + -saturated.
Quantitative structure-activity relationships within a homologous series of 7-alkoxyresorufins exhibiting activity towards CYP1A and CYP2B enzymes: molecular modelling studies on key members of the resorufin series with CYP2C5-derived models of human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4

1. The results of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) within a homologous series of 7-n-alkoxyresorufins are reported. They are consistent with homology modelling of the relevant P450s involved in their metabolism. 2. QSARs were generated for activities involving CYP1A and CYP2B enzymes with structural descriptors relating to compound planarity and other shape parameters, together with certain features of the n-alkoxyresorufin electronic structure, especially electron densities and superdelocalizabilities. 3. A quadratic relationship between compound lipophilicity and binding to CYP2B enzymes was apparent, and which indicated maximal interaction for 7-pentoxyresorufin. Such indications help to explain enzyme selectivity in terms of optimal alkyl chain length for fitting within the relevant active site region. 4. Calculation of the binding affinities for methoxy-, ethoxy-, pentoxy- and benzyloxy-resorufins towards either CYP1A2 or CYP2B6 enzymes, depending on the 7-alkoxyresorufin agree favourably with experimental values obtained from Km determinations.
Reliability of Lead-Free Solder Interconnections in Thermal and Power Cycling Tests

Lead-free solder interconnection reliability of thin fine-pitch ball grid array (BGA) lead-free packages has been studied experimentally as well as with finite-element (FE) simulations. The reliability tests were composed of the thermal shock test, the local thermal cycling test (resistors embedded in the board around the package), and the power cycling test (heat generation in the die). A 3-D board-level finite-element analysis (FEA) with local models was carried out to estimate the reliability of the solder interconnections under various test conditions. Due to the transient nature of the local thermal cycling test and the power cycling test, a sequential thermal-structural coupling analysis was employed to simulate the transient temperature distribution as well as the mechanical responses. Darveaux's approach was used to predict the life time of the solder interconnections. Furthermore, the numerical results validated by the experimental results indicated that the diagonal solder interconnections beneath the die edge were the most critical ones of all the tests studied here. It has been found that the fatigue life in the power cycling test was much longer than that in the other two tests. Detailed discussions about the failure mechanism of solder interconnections as well as the microstructural observations of the primary cracks are reported in this paper.
World health statistics.

IT IS a cause of rejoicing to be able to speak here today of World Health Statistics, not as one of the many desiderata still needed as a basis for a vigorous and wholesome international life, but as an accomplished fact. When we are now primarily concerned with further extension, betterment of quality, and problems of comparability of world health statistics, our younger colleagues are apt to forget that the very creation of the system is of such a recent date that several of its pioneers are still with us. More than thirty years ago, while in the service of the Prudential Insurance Company of America, one of my daily tasks consisted of preparing ratings for extra life insurance premiums payable by Americans who were foolhardy enough to insist on travelling abroad. Our collection of mortality statistics and of information on health conditions in foreign countries was one of the very best existing at the time. Nevertheless, by far the most weighty ingredient of the brew was an arbitrary loading. Today there is a steady flow of valuable information from all parts of the world, and it is readily and promptly accessible to anyone who takes the trouble to ask for it. The history of health statistics as an international enterprise falls into three major periods. The first period, which lasted up to 1921, was characterized by private initiative. Then came the League of Nations period of a quarter of a century's duration. The third period, barely arising from our blueprints, is under the auspices of the United Nations and its specialized agencies, notably the World Health Organization. While inter-governmental organizations have taken the lead since 1921, private initiative is not dispensed with. Also, it should be remembered that no organization, however strategically placed, is better than the men who furnish the leadership and the daily work.
A contour propagation approach to surface filling-in and volume formation.

A new approach to surface and volume formation is introduced in response to the question, "Why do some silhouettes look 3 dimensional (3D) and others look 2D? " The central idea is that form information can propagate away from a "propagable segment" (PS) of occluding contour that could have projected onto the image from the visible portion of a cross-section of a surface. A key property of a PS is that it exhibits abrupt curvature changes where it meets the rest of the occluding contour. An algorithm is described for filling in curved surfaces from a PS: When copies of a PS are propagated into the interior, they act as cross-sectional surface contours that also exhibit abrupt curvature changes with the rest of the occluding contour. The result is a nonmetric coding of 3D-shape in terms of local ordinal surface curvature and orientation relationships that is scale, translation, and rotation invariant.
Normal Lymphoid Homeostasis and Lack of Lethal Autoimmunity in Mice Containing Mature T Cells with Severely Impaired IL-2 Receptors1

The importance of IL-2Rβ function for immune regulation is highlighted by the severe impairment in lymphoid cell function in IL-2Rβ-deficient mice. It has been speculated that failed IL-2/IL-2R signaling in peripheral T cells causes the associated autoimmunity, imbalanced peripheral lymphoid homeostasis, and defective T cell function. This study explored the requirement for IL-2Rβ function in mature T lymphocytes. We show that transgenic thymic expression of the IL-2R β-chain in IL-2Rβ-deficient mice prevents lethal autoimmunity, restores normal production of B lymphocytes, and results in a peripheral T cell compartment that is responsive to triggering through the TCR, but not the IL-2R. The dysfunction of the IL-2R is illustrated by the near complete failure of mature T cells to proliferate to IL-2 in vitro and in vivo, to differentiate into CTL, and to up-regulate IL-2Rα expression. These data indicate that lymphoid homeostasis is largely maintained despite a nonfunctional IL-2R in mature T lymphocytes and suggest that IL-2Rβ provides an essential signal during thymic development to regulate self-reactivity.
Small-Signal Model for 2D-Material Based FETs Targeting Radio-Frequency Applications: The Importance of Considering Nonreciprocal Capacitances

A small-signal equivalent circuit of 2D-material based FETs is presented. Charge conservation and nonreciprocal capacitances have been assumed, so the model can be used to make reliable predictions at both device and circuit levels. In this context, explicit and exact analytical expressions of the main radio-frequency figures of merit of these devices are given. Moreover, a direct parameter extraction methodology is provided based on S-parameter measurements. In addition to the intrinsic capacitances, transconductance and output conductance, our approach allows extracting the series combination of drain–source metal contact and access resistances. Accounting for these extrinsic resistances is of upmost importance when dealing with low dimensional FETs.
First echelon hospital care before trauma center transfer in a rural trauma system: does it affect outcome?

BACKGROUND Rural trauma has been associated with higher mortality because of a number of geographic and demographic factors. Many victims, of necessity, are first cared for in nearby hospitals, many of which are not designated trauma centers (TCs), and then transferred to identified TCs. This first echelon care might adversely affect eventual outcome. We have sought to examine the fate of trauma patients transferred after first echelon hospital evaluation and treatment. METHODS All trauma patients transferred (referred group) to a Pennsylvania Level I TC located in a geographically isolated and rural setting during a 68-month period were retrospectively compared with patients transported directly to the TC (direct group). Outcome measures included mortality, complications, physiologic parameters on arrival at the TC, operations within 6 hours of arrival at the TC, discharge disposition from the TC, and functional outcome. Patients with an injury severity score <9 and those discharged from the TC within 24 hours were excluded. RESULTS During the study period, 2,388 patients were transported directly and 529 were transferred. Mortality between groups was not different: 6% (referred) versus 9% (direct), p = 0.074. Occurrence of complications was not different between the two groups. Physiologic parameters (systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and Glasgow Coma Scale score) at admission to the Level I TC differed statistically between the two groups but seemed near equivalent clinically. Sixteen percent of patients required an operative procedure within 6 hours in the direct group compared with 10% in the referral group (p = 0.001). Hospital and intensive care unit length of stay were less in the referred group, although this was not statistically significant. Performance scores on discharge were equivalent in all categories except transfer ability. Time from injury to definitive care (TC) was 1.6 hours ± 3.0 hours in the direct group and 5.3 hours ± 3.8 hours in the referred group (p < 0.0001). The most common procedure performed at first echelon hospitals was airway control (55% of referred patients). CONCLUSIONS In this rural setting, care at first echelon hospitals, most (95%) of which were not designated TCs, seemed to augment, rather than detract from, favorable outcomes realized after definitive care at the TC.
The Perception of Brief Temporal Intervals: Power Functions for Auditory and Visual Stimulus Intervals

Two experiments were performed to examine the role of method of estimation and the employment of a standard stimulus on the judged duration of auditory and visual stimuli presented for brief temporal intervals (0.25 to 5.0 s). The results indicate that the relationship between judged and physical duration is nearly direct and linear. Psychophysical methodology and stimulus modality exerted little influence on the obtained power functions.
Patients’ experiences of enhanced recovery after surgery: a systematic review of qualitative studies

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To aggregate, interpret and synthesise findings from qualitative studies to further our knowledge regarding patients' pre- and postoperative experiences when participating in an enhanced recovery after surgery. BACKGROUND Numerous quantitative studies have documented benefits of participation in enhanced recovery after surgery programmes. Randomised control trials show that enhanced recovery after surgery reduce patient morbidity and shorten hospital length of stay. However, we presently have only sparse knowledge regarding patients' experiences of participating in these programmes. DESIGN A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. METHODS A systematic literature search of databases (Cinahl, Medline, PsycINFO, Ovid Nursing, and EMBASE) for qualitative studies published between 2000-2014 were undertaken. The identified studies were critically evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program, and patient experiences were synthesised into new themes by a team of researchers, using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Eleven studies were included. Upon analysis, four main themes emerged: information transfer, individualised treatment vs. standardised care, balancing burdensome symptoms and expectations for rapid recovery, and sense of security at discharge. Information helped patients feel secure and prepared for surgery. Patients reported being motivated to participate in their recovery process. However, this became challenging when they faced symptoms such as pain, nausea, and weakness. Professional support fostered a feeling of security that was important in helping patients continue their regimen, recover, and be discharged as early as planned. CONCLUSIONS Patients in enhanced recovery after surgery programmes desired more consistency between pre- and postoperative information. Important opportunities exist to improve symptom management and help patients feel more secure about recovery postoperatively. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses are in a unique position to improve communication of standardised regimens and enhance symptom management across the perioperative period. Clinical outreach, such as follow-up visits or phone calls, could target older adults who need additional assistance to meet enhanced recovery after surgery programme goals and derive benefit.
The Effect of a Clinically Practical Exercise on Levodopa Bioavailability and Motor Response in Patients With Parkinson Disease

Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the potential effect of short, moderate intensity (≤70% maximum heart rate) cyclette exercise on levodopa (LD)/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor bioavailability and motor response in a subgroup of Parkinson disease (PD) patients presenting a moderate-to-severe delay in fasting morning LD dose absorption and matched motor response. Methods:Ten patients underwent an oral LD instrumental kinetic-dynamic test based on simultaneous serial measurements of plasma LD concentrations, finger tapping motor effects, dyskinesia ratings plus Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Motor Section (section III) evaluation after ingestion of their usual fasting first morning LD dose, on 2 occasions, 2 weeks apart, according to an intrasubject randomized cross-over design: once receiving their oral LD test dose immediately before a 15-minute cycling and once at seated rest. The main LD pharmacokinetic variables were time to peak, peak plasma concentration, and the area under the 4-hour plasma concentration-time curve. The main LD pharmacodynamic variables were the latency, duration of the motor effect elicited by the LD test dose, and the area under the 4-hour tapping effect-time curve. Results:The LD pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics did not differ between the 2 sessions. Conclusions:We found no significant effect of a moderate, clinically practical exercise on LD rate and extent of absorption and matched motor response in a subgroup of patients with delayed LD kinetic-dynamic effect.
Concordance of patch test results with four new TRUE® test allergens compared with the same allergens from Chemotechnique®

From1May 2006 to 1May 2008, four new TRUE test allergens (MEKOS A/S, Hillerod, Denmark) tixocortol pivalate 3 mg/cm, budesonide 1 mg/ cm, diazolidinyl urea 550 mg/cm, and imidazolidinyl urea 600 mg/cm were included in the baseline patch test series togetherwith the same allergens in pet. from Chemotechnique (Vellinge, Sweden). Finn Chambers on Scanpor tape (Epitest, Tuusula, Finland) were used for pet. -based patch test preparations. All tests were applied for 2 D with readings on D3 and D5–D7. The International Contact Dermatitis Research Group scoring scale was used requiring homogeneous infiltration for a þ scoring. Readings and determination of relevance was routinely recorded. A total of 911 consecutive eczema patients were tested over this 2-year period.
Differential Roles for CCR5 Expression on Donor T Cells during Graft-versus-Host Disease Based on Pretransplant Conditioning1

The coordinated expression of chemokines and receptors may be important in the directed migration of alloreactive T cells during graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Recent work demonstrated in a murine model that transfer of CCR5-deficient (CCR5−/−) donor cells to nonconditioned haploidentical recipients resulted in reduced donor cell infiltration in liver and lymphoid tissues compared with transfer of CCR5+/+ cells. To investigate the function of CCR5 during GVHD in conditioned transplant recipients, we transferred CCR5−/− or wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) T cells to lethally irradiated B6D2 recipients. Unexpectedly, we found an earlier time to onset and a worsening of GVHD using CCR5−/− T cells, which was associated with significant increases in the accumulation of alloreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in liver and lung. Conversely, the transfer of CCR5−/− donor cells to nonirradiated recipients led to reduced infiltration of target organs, confirming previous studies and demonstrating that the role of CCR5 on donor T cells is dependent on conditioning of recipients. Expression of proinflammatory chemokines in target tissues was dependent on conditioning of recipients, such that CXCL10 and CXCL11 were most highly expressed in tissues of irradiated recipients during the first week post-transplant. CCR5−/− T cells were shown to have enhanced migration to CXCL10, and blocking this ligand in vivo improved survival in irradiated recipients receiving CCR5−/− T cells. Our data indicate that the effects of inhibiting CCR5/ligand interaction on donor T cells during GVHD differ depending on conditioning of recipients, a finding with potentially important clinical significance.
Anorgasmia from Clomipramine in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Forty-six patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder undergoing a double-blind controlled study of clomipramine and placebo were interviewed to assess changes in sexual function. Of 33 patients with previously normal orgasm, nearly all of the 24 on clomipramine developed total or partial anorgasmia; none of the 9 on placebo did so. Anorgasmia persisted with minimal tolerance over the five months that clomipramine was taken. Men and women were equally affected. Sexual side-effects are easily missed without a structured interview, and can detract from the value of drug treatment.
On the mode of action of emodepside: slow effects on membrane potential and voltage‐activated currents in Ascaris suum

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anthelmintics are required for treatment and prophylaxis of nematode parasites of humans and domestic animals. Emodepside, a cyclooctadepsipeptide, is a modern anthelmintic that has a novel mode of action involving a Ca‐activated K channel (SLO‐1) in Caenorhabditis elegans, sometimes mediated by a latrophilin (LAT) receptor. We examined mechanisms of action of emodepside in a parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum.
Neutrophils Induce Astroglial Differentiation and Migration of Human Neural Stem Cells via C1q and C3a Synthesis

Inflammatory processes play a key role in pathophysiology of many neurologic diseases/trauma, but the effect of immune cells and factors on neurotransplantation strategies remains unclear. We hypothesized that cellular and humoral components of innate immunity alter fate and migration of human neural stem cells (hNSC). In these experiments, conditioned media collected from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) selectively increased hNSC astrogliogenesis and promoted cell migration in vitro. PMN were shown to generate C1q and C3a; exposure of hNSC to PMN-synthesized concentrations of these complement proteins promoted astrogliogenesis and cell migration. Furthermore, in vitro, Abs directed against C1q and C3a reversed the fate and migration effects observed. In a proof-of-concept in vivo experiment, blockade of C1q and C3a transiently altered hNSC migration and reversed astroglial fate after spinal cord injury. Collectively, these data suggest that modulation of the innate/humoral inflammatory microenvironment may impact the potential of cell-based therapies for recovery and repair following CNS pathology.
The Reliability and Factorial Validity of the Swedish Version of the Revised Controlling Behaviors Scale

This study focused on the factor structure of the victimization form of the revised Controlling Behaviors Scale (CBS-R). Data from 1,218 women and men were analyzed in the study. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) failed to find support for the proposed five-factor structure of the scale, as the items on the scale were better represented by one common factor. In addition, when examining if controlling behaviors are distinct from psychological aggression, the CFA indicated that the items on the CBS-R are clearly distinguishable from the items on the psychological aggression (as measured with the subscales of the revised Conflict Tactic Scales [CTS2]), and that this holds for both males and females. Implications for the general use of the CBS-R and for use in conjunction with psychological aggression and physical aggression in intimate partner violence were discussed.
Decreased trend of pancreatic cancer mortality in iran.

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a fatal cancer with a 5-year survival of only about 4% for all tumors. There are only published data on mortality from pancreas cancer and its epidemiology in Iran. The aim of this study was to present the mortality trends from pancreatic cancer for the Iranian population, using national death statistics in order to provide update information for its burden. METHODS National Death Statistics reported by the Ministry of Health from 1999 to 2004 stratified by age group, sex, and cause of death were included in the analysis to generate pancreas cancer (ICD-10; 25) annual mortality rates/100,000, overall, by sex and by age group (< 15, 15-49 and ≥ 50 years of age) and age-standardized rates (ASRs). RESULTS The age standardized mortality rate of pancreatic cancer decreased slightly during the years under study. Values were higher for males and increased with age. CONCLUSION This study provides a projection of burden of death due to pancreatic cancer for Iran, indicating that the trend of its mortality is decreasing and may be leveling off in recent years.