Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal relations between beliefs supporting aggression and externalizing outcomes: Indirect effects of anger dysregulation and callous‐unemotional traits

Aggression is prevalent in early- to mid-adolescence and is associated with physical health and psychosocial adjustment difficulties. This underscores the need to identify risk processes that lead to externalizing outcomes. This study examined the extent to which the effects of three dimensions of beliefs supporting aggression on physical aggression and externalizing behavior are mediated by anger dysregulation and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Three waves of data were collected from a primarily African American (77%) sample of 265 middle school students between the ages of 11 and 15 (52% were female). We found evidence supporting mediation such that the effects of beliefs supporting instrumental aggression and beliefs that fighting is sometimes necessary at Wave 1 on student-reported physical aggression at Wave 3 were mediated by CU traits at Wave 2, and relations between beliefs supporting reactive aggression at Wave 1 and teacher-report of student frequencies of physical aggression and externalizing behavior at Wave 3 were mediated by anger dysregulation at Wave 2. Our findings demonstrated the importance of distinguishing between dimensions of beliefs supporting aggression, as differential paths emerged between specific beliefs, CU traits and anger dysregulation, and externalizing outcomes. These findings have important clinical implications, as they suggest that specific dimensions of beliefs supporting aggression could be targeted based on whether an individual is at risk for behavior patterns characterizing CU traits or anger dysregulation.
The Relation Between Callous-Unemotional Traits, Psychosocial Maturity, and Delinquent Behavior Among Justice-Involved Youth.

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are a risk factor for severe and persistent patterns of juvenile delinquency. Given the influence of CU trait assessments in justice-system settings, it is important to determine whether the predictive utility of CU traits is conditional on the absence of protective psychosocial factors. Employing a sample of justice-involved male youth (N = 1,216, Mage = 15.29), this study examined whether psychosocial maturity (PSM) outweighs or attenuates the effect of CU traits on delinquency. Results indicated that youth with high CU traits or low PSM offended more during the year following their first arrest. Additionally, PSM moderated the relation between CU traits and offending, such that higher PSM was associated with less offending but only among low CU youth.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Biomarkers of Subclinical Brain Aging: The Northern Manhattan Study

Background The American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 metric defines ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) on 7 factors: smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index, blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol. This metric has been used to define optimal brain health, but data relative to subclinical imaging biomarkers of brain aging are lacking. This study examines the association between Life's Simple 7 with white matter hyperintensity volume, silent brain infarcts, and cerebral volume. Methods and Results A subsample of stroke‐free participants from the population‐based Northern Manhattan Study underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging an average of 7 years after baseline. Linear and logistic regression models were constructed to estimate associations between the number of ideal CVH metrics achieved with imaging biomarkers of brain aging, adjusting for sociodemographics. Among 1031 participants (mean age at magnetic resonance imaging=72±8, 40% men, 19% black, 16% white, and 65% Hispanic), no one had ideal status in all 7 factors, 1% had ideal status in 6 factors, 18% in 4 to 5 factors, 30% in 3 factors, 33% in 2 factors, and 18% in 0 to 1 factors. The number of ideal CVH factors achieved was inversely associated with white matter hyperintensity volume (beta per factor=−0.047; P=0.04) and silent brain infarct (odds ratio per factor=0.84; 95% confidence interval=0.72–0.97) and positively associated with cerebral volume (beta per factor=0.300; P=0.002). Conclusions An increasing ideal CVH score was associated with less white matter hyperintensity volume and silent brain infarcts and greater cerebral volumes, supporting the Life's Simple 7 metric as a useful measure to quantify optimal brain health. Monitoring and promoting achievement of Life's Simple 7 ideal CVH factors may improve subclinical and clinical brain health outcomes.
The Salmonella pathogenicity island‐2 subverts human NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome responses

Inflammasomes are signaling hubs that activate inflammatory caspases to drive cytokine maturation and cell lysis. Inflammasome activation by Salmonella Typhimurium infection or Salmonella‐derived molecules is extensively studied in murine myeloid cells. Salmonella‐induced inflammasome signaling in human innate immune cells, is however, poorly characterized. Here, we show that Salmonella mutation to inactivate the Salmonella pathogenicity island‐2 type III secretion system (SPI2 T3SS) potentiates S. Typhimurium‐induced inflammasome responses from primary human macrophages, resulting in strong IL‐1β production and macrophage death. Inactivation of the SPI1 T3SS diminished human macrophage responses to WT and ΔSPI2 Salmonella. Salmonella ΔSPI2 elicited a mixed inflammasome response from human myeloid cells, in which NLR family CARD‐domain containing protein 4 (NLRC4) and NLR family PYRIN‐domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) perform somewhat redundant functions in generating IL‐1β and inducing pyroptosis. Our data suggest that Salmonella employs the SPI2 T3SS to subvert SPI1‐induced NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome responses in human primary macrophages, in a species‐specific immune evasion mechanism.
Prostate cancer diagnostic pathway: Is a one-stop cognitive MRI targeted biopsy service a realistic goal in everyday practice? A pilot cohort in a tertiary referral centre in the UK

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of a novel multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and cognitive fusion transperineal targeted biopsy (MRTB) led prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic service with regard to cancer detection and reducing time to diagnosis and treatment. Design Consecutive men being investigated for possible PCa under the UK 2-week wait guidelines. Setting Tertiary referral centre for PCa in the UK. Participants Men referred with a raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or abnormal digital rectal examination between February 2015 and March 2016 under the UK 2-week rule guideline. Interventions An mpMRI was performed prior to patients attending clinic, on the same day. If required, MRTB was offered. Results were available within 48 hours and discussed at a specialist multidisciplinary team meeting. Patients returned for counselling within 7 days Primary and secondary outcome measures Outcome measures in this regard included the time to diagnosis and treatment of patients referred with a suspicion of PCa. Quality control outcome measures included clinically significant and total cancer detection rates. Results 112 men were referred to the service. 111 (99.1%) underwent mpMRI. Median PSA was 9.4 ng/mL (IQR 5.6–21.0). 87 patients had a target on mpMRI with 25 scoring Likert 3/5 for likelihood of disease, 26 4/5 and 36 5/5. 57 (51%) patients received a local anaesthetic, Magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy (MRTB). Cancer was detected in 45 (79%). 43 (96%) had University College London definition 2 disease or greater. The times to diagnosis and treatment were a median of 8 and 20 days, respectively. Conclusions This approach greatly reduces the time to diagnosis and treatment. Detection rates of significant cancer are high. Similar services may be valuable to patients with a potential diagnosis of PCa.
Combination therapy of sorafenib with mesenchymal stem cells as a novel cancer treatment regimen in xenograft models of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in the world. Sorafenib is the first‐line treatment of HCC. Although sorafenib has positive effects on the survival of patients, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to extend survival and improve the efficacy of sorafenib. This study combines sorafenib with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new approach to enhance the efficacy of sorafenib.
The Oral Microbiota Is Modified by Systemic Diseases

Periodontal diseases are initiated by bacteria that accumulate in a biofilm on the tooth surface and affect the adjacent periodontal tissue. Systemic diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increase susceptibility to destructive periodontal diseases. In human studies and in animal models, these diseases have been shown to enhance inflammation in the periodontium and increase the risk or severity of periodontitis. All 3 systemic diseases are linked to a decrease in bacterial taxa associated with health and an increase in taxa associated with disease. Although there is controversy regarding the specific oral bacterial changes associated with each disease, it has been reported that diabetes increases the levels of Capnocytophaga, Porphyromonas, and Pseudomonas, while Prevotella and Selenomonas are increased in RA and Selenomonas, Leptotrichia, and Prevotella in SLE. In an animal model, diabetes increased the pathogenicity of the oral microbiome, as shown by increased inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and periodontal bone loss when transferred to normal germ-free hosts. Moreover, in diabetic animals, the increased pathogenicity could be substantially reversed by inhibition of IL-17, indicating that host inflammation altered the microbial pathogenicity. Increased IL-17 has also been shown in SLE, RA, and leukocyte adhesion deficiency and may contribute to oral microbial changes in these diseases. Successful RA treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs partially reverses the oral microbial dysbiosis. Together, these data demonstrate that systemic diseases characterized by enhanced inflammation disturb the oral microbiota and point to IL-17 as key mediator in this process.
Identification of Coronary Artery Disease using Cross Power Spectral Density

Heart sounds provide important information about cardiac status either through auscultation or by processing of electronic recordings of heart sounds, termed as phonocardiogram (PCG). The current study analyzes the relation between PCG signal from four auscultation sites for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). For this purpose, data collected from four locations on chest is analysed using cross power spectral density (CPSD). The features from spectrum are derived using distribution of power and their moments in subbands. ReliefF algorithm is employed for selecting features to be used in classification framework. Performance is evaluated using five-fold cross-validation in a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Experimental results show that multichannel analysis performs better than existing features, as well as for same CPSD based features derived from single channel power spectrum. Different subband width were experimentally analysed to find an optimal width for feature extraction. The study shows the potential of using connectivity between PCG signals from multiple sites for diagnosing CAD related abnormality.
Subspace-Based Suppression of Cortical Stimulation Artifacts

Bi-directional brain-computer interfaces for the restoration of movement and sensation must simultaneously record neural signals and deliver cortical stimulation. This poses a challenge since stimulation artifacts can be orders of magnitude stronger than neural signals. In this article, we propose a novel subspace-based method for the removal of cortical electrical stimulation artifacts. We demonstrate the practical application of our approach on experimentally recorded electroencephalogram data, where artifacts were suppressed by as much as $30-40\mathrm {d}\mathrm {B}$. Our method is computationally simple, yet it achieves superior results to the state-of-the art methods.
Why Parents Use the Emergency Department Despite Having a Medical Home

Despite having a medical home, pediatric patients continue emergency department (ED) utilization for various reasons. This study examines parental reasons associated with the decision to seek ED care in a group of low-income, inner-city, publicly insured children. Surveys were conducted with parents of children (age = 0-19 years) presenting to a community-based clinic, which has an established medical home model with enhanced access. Most patients (88.3%) had a pediatrician, and nearly all (93.3%) reported a visit to the ED; most (75.7%) were aware of clinic walk-in hours, but less than half (42.6%) were aware of an after-hours phone line. There was no difference in those who were aware of walk-in hours or an after-hours phone line and a reported ED visit. Half of the parents (52.5%) thought their child’s medical problem was serious. In addition to providing enhanced efforts, medical homes should strive to make families aware of increased access.
Adoption of E-Commerce Online to Offline with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Approach

One application of technology in business activities is E-Commerce and the number of E-Commerce users led to the emergence of various types of E-Commerce. One type of E-Commerce that is currently a concern is E-Commerce Online to Offline (O2O). O2O services can be an alternative solution in the distribution of goods for retail companies in Indonesia that implement e-commerce services. Research in the field of E-Commerce adoption has done a lot of previous researchers with model Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This research will discuss how the adoption of Jakarta Retailer Customer in using E-Commerce Online to Offline service. The purpose of this research is to know the characteristics of customers of shopping online retail sites in Jakarta and to know what variables of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) affect the adoption of O2O E-Commerce customers in Jakarta. Hypothesis testing proposed in the study using SEM or Stuctural Equation Modeling analysis operated through AMOS program to 111 Respondents.
A chair based ballistocardiogram time interval measurement with cardiovascular provocations

The objective of this study was to measure ballistocardiogram (BCG) based time intervals and compare them with systolic blood pressure values. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and BCG signals of six subjects sitting in a chair were measured with a ferroelectret film sensor. Time intervals between ECG R peak and BCG I and J waves were calculated to obtain RJ, RI and IJ intervals. The time intervals were modified with two cardiovascular provocations, controlled breathing and Valsalva maneuver. The controlled breathing changed all the time intervals (RJ, RI and IJ) whereas the Valsalva maneuver mainly caused variations in the RJ and RI intervals. The calculated time intervals were compared with reference arterial blood pressure values. Correlation coefficients of r = -0.61 and r = -0.78 were found between the RJ and RI time intervals and systolic blood pressure during Valsalva maneuver, respectively.
Stimulation of peripheral nerves using conductive hydrogel electrodes*

Nerve block via electrical stimulation of nerves requires a device capable of transferring large amounts of charge across the neural interface on chronic time scales. Current metal electrode designs are limited in their ability to safely and effectively deliver this charge in a stable manner. Conductive hydrogel (CH) coatings are a promising alternative to metal electrodes for neural interfacing devices. This study assessed the performance of CH electrodes compared to platinum-iridium (PtIr) electrodes in commercial nerve cuff devices in both the in vitro and acute in vivo environments. CH electrodes were found to have higher charge storage capacities and lower impedances compared to bare PtIr electrodes. Application of CH coatings also resulted in a three-fold increase in in vivo charge injection limit. These significant improvements in electrochemical properties will allow for the design of smaller and safer stimulating devices for nerve block applications.
Outbreeders pull harder in a parental tug-of-war

During development, seeds compete, directly or indirectly, for access to resources supplied by the maternal plant. This competition is expected to be more intense when embryos (and associated endosperms) are less related to each other because they are fertilized by less-related pollen (1). Imprinted genes of paternal origin in offspring tissues (embryos and endosperms) are predicted to engage in more intense competition for maternal resources than imprinted genes of maternal origin because offspring tissues share the same mother but may have different fathers (2, 3). Plant species vary tremendously in the extent to which they produce selfed siblings (the progeny of self-pollination), half-siblings, and full-siblings (the progeny of outcrossing). The “weak inbreeder/strong outbreeder” (WISO; pronounced “why so”) hypothesis predicts that this maternal–paternal conflict will escalate to higher levels as the degree of outcrossing increases (4). In PNAS, Raunsgard et al. (5) test this hypothesis using crosses among Mexican populations of Dalechampia scandens . The conflict over resource allocation in seeds largely takes place in the endosperm, an ephemeral organism that acquires nutrients from the diploid mother and passes them on to the diploid embryo. Endosperm is triploid in most flowering plants: two maternal genomes for each paternal genome (2m:1p). The antagonistic effects of maternal and paternal genomes on endosperm development are revealed in reciprocal crosses between diploids and their autotetraploids. When the seed parent is diploid, the resulting endosperm is tetraploid (2m:2p) and can be described as exhibiting “paternal excess. ” When the seed parent is tetraploid, the resulting endosperm is pentaploid (4m:1p) and can be described as exhibiting “maternal excess. ” In species in which the earliest phases of endosperm development occur without cell division, paternal excess is associated with prolonged proliferation of endosperm nuclei, with delayed or absent cellularization of endosperm. In contrast, maternal excess is associated with reduced … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: dhaig{at}oeb.harvard. edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Transfer learning approach for fall detection with the FARSEEING real-world dataset and simulated falls

Falls are very rare and extremely difficult to acquire in free living conditions. Due to this, most of prior work on fall detection has focused on simulated datasets acquired in scenarios that mimic the real-world context, however, the validation of systems trained with simulated falls remains unclear. This work presents a transfer learning approach for combining a dataset of simulated falls and non-falls, obtained from young volunteers, with the real-world FARSEEING dataset, in order to train a set of supervised classifiers for discriminating between falls and non-falls events. The objective is to analyze if a combination of simulated and real falls could enrich the model. In the real-world, falls are a sporadic event, which results in imbalanced datasets. In this work, several methods for imbalance learning were employed: SMOTE, Balance Cascade and Ranking models. The Balance Cascade obtained less misclassifications in the validation set.There was an improvement when mixing the real falls and simulated non-falls compared to the case when only simulated falls were used for training. When testing with a mixed set with real falls and simulated non-falls, it is even more important to train with a mixed set. Moreover, it was possible to onclude that a model trained with simulated falls generalize better when tested with real falls, than the opposite. The overall accuracy obtained for the combination of different datasets were above 95 %.
A Photonics Enabled Millimetre Wave Frequency Domain Spectrometer for Glucose Concentration Sensing

This study reports the experimental demonstration of a free space frequency domain self-heterodyne spectrometer utilising a high-speed Uni- Travelling Carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) as a coherent receiver. The transmission signal through the glucose solution was measured in the V-band (50 – 75 GHz) frequency range with a frequency resolution step of 40 MHz. Variations in glucose concentrations of as small as 1 % weight were resolved.
Altered Connectivity in Autistic Adults during Complex Facial Emotion Recognition: A Study of EEG Imaginary Coherence

Difficulties in Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) are commonly associated with individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the mechanisms underlying these impairments remain inconclusive. While atypical cortical connectivity has been observed in autistic individuals, there is a paucity of investigation during cognitive tasks such as FER. It is possible that atypical cortical connectivity may underlie FER impairments in this population. Electroencephalography (EEG) Imaginary Coherence was examined in 22 autistic adults and 23 typically developing (TD) matched controls during a complex, dynamic FER task. Autistic adults demonstrated reduced coherence between both short and long range inter-hemispheric electrodes. By contrast, short range intra-hemispheric connectivity was increased in frontal and occipital regions during FER. These findings suggest altered network functioning in ASD
Analysis of the Outcomes of Combined Cross-Linking with Intracorneal Ring Segment Implantation for the Treatment of Pediatric Keratoconus

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the visual and refractive outcomes of combined accelerated cross-linking with femtosecond laser intracorneal ring segment implantation for the treatment of pediatric keratoconus. Materials and Methods: This retrospective multicenter noncomparative clinical study included 63 eyes of 37 patients (age, 9–17 years) who underwent between August and September 2016 combined cross-linking with intracorneal ring segment implantation for keratoconus. Preoperative and postoperative (6, 12, and 18 months) uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), subjective refractions, keratometry (K), and pachymetry measurements were compared. Results: The postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was within ±1 D, ±2 D, and ±3 D in 19 (30.2%), 27 (42.9%), and 37 (58.8%) eyes, respectively. Only 27 eyes achieved the attempted preoperative spherical equivalent refraction. The mean spherical equivalent refraction significantly improved from −6.01 ± 2.97 to −3.13 ± 2.78 D postoperatively (P < 0.0001). The mean K average reading significantly decreased from 48.75 ± 4.25 to 46.65 ± 3.89 D postoperatively (P < 0.0001). The mean postoperative myopic, astigmatic, and spherical equivalent corrections were −2.17 ± 2.19, −1.52 ± 2.03, and −2.93 ± 2.35 D, respectively. The mean UDVA and CDVA showed significant improvements (0.89 ± 0.33 to 0.40 ± 0.28, P < 0.0001; 0.35 ± 0.31 to 0.25 ± 0.24, P = 0.004; respectively) at 18 months postoperatively. Keratoconus progression, segment migration, and segment extrusion were seen in four (6.4%), one (1.6%), and three (4.7%) eyes, respectively, probably contributing to the lower mean postoperative CDVA. Conclusion: Cross-linking plus is only partially effective for pediatric keratoconus. Despite some improvements in vision and keratometry measures, it resulted in complications such as keratoconus progression, segment extrusion, and segment migration that affected the vision in some patients. These findings suggest an assessment of standard epithelium-off collagen cross-linking as a sole procedure to treat pediatric keratoconus in future studies.