Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Essentials of Marketing Research

PART I: INTRODUCTION. 1. The Role of Marketing Research. 2. Information Systems and Knowledge Management. 3. The Marketing Research Process: An Overview. 4. The Human Side of Marketing Research: Organizational and Ethical Issues. PART II: DESIGNING RESEARCH STUDIES. 5. Exploratory Research and Qualitative Analysis. 6. Secondary Data Research in a Digital Age. 7. Survey Research. 8. Observation. 9. Experimental Research. PART III: MEASUREMENT. 10. Measurement and Attitude Measurement. 11. Questionnaire Design. PART IV: SAMPLING AND STATISTICAL THEORY. 12. Sampling Designs and Sampling Procedures. 13. Determination of Sample Size: A Review of Statistical Theory. PART V: ANALYSIS AND REPORTING. 14. Basic Data Analysis. 15. Differences Between Groups and Relationships Among Variables. 16. Communicating Research Results: Research Report, Oral Presentation, and Research Follow-Up. PART VI: COMPREHENSIVE CASES WITH COMPUTERIZED DATABASES. Appendix: Statistical Tables.
On supervised learning from sequential data with applications for speech regognition

Many problems of engineering interest, for example speech recognition, can be formulated in an abstract sense as supervised learning from sequential data, where an input sequence x T 1 = fx 1 ;x 2 ;x 3 ; : : : ;x T 1 ;x T g has to be mapped to an output sequence y T 1 = fy 1 ;y 2 ;y 3 ; : : : ;y T 1 ;y T g. This thesis gives a uni ed view of the abstract problem and presents some models and algorithms for improved sequence recognition and modeling performance, measured on synthetic data and on real speech data. A powerful neural network structure to deal with sequential data is the recurrent neural network (RNN), which allows one to estimate P (y t jx 1 ;x 2 ; : : : ;x t ), the output probability distribution at time t given all previous input. The rst part of this thesis presents various extensions to the basic RNN structure, which are a) a bidirectional recurrent neural network (BRNN), which allows the estimation of expressions of the form P (y t jx T 1 ), the output at t given all sequential input, for uni-modal regression and classi cation problems, b) an extended BRNN to directly estimate the posterior probability of a symbol sequence, P (y T 1 jx T 1 ), by modeling P (y t jy t 1 ;y t 2 ; : : : ;y 1 ;x T 1 ) without explicit assumptions about the shape of the distribution P (y T 1 jx T 1 ), c) a BRNN to model multi-modal input data that can be described by Gaussian mixture distributions conditioned on an output vector sequence, P (x t jy T 1 ), assuming that neighboring x t ;x t+1 are conditionally independent, and d) an extension to c) which removes the independence assumption by modeling P (x t jx t 1 ;x t 2 ; : : : ;x 1 ;y T 1 ) to estimate the likelihood P (x T 1 jy T 1 ) of a given output sequence without any explicit approximations about the use of context. The second part of this thesis describes the details of a fast and memory-e cient one-pass stack decoder for speech recognition to perform the search for the most probable word sequence. The use of this decoder, which can handle arbitrary order N-gram language models and arbitrary order context-dependent acoustic models with full crossword expansion, led to the best reported recognition results on the standard test set of a widely used Japanese newspaper dictation task.
Learning in an Online Distance Education Course: Experiences of Three International Students.

This case study explores the learning experiences of three international students who were enrolled in an online master’s program offered by a large university in Canada. The aim of the study was to understand the international students’ experiences with, and perspectives on, the online learning environment. Findings indicate that previous education and especially language proficiency strongly impacted the learning of these students in this environment. Non-native English speakers required considerably more time to process readings and postings and to make postings themselves. Their lack of familiarity with the details of North American culture and colloquial language made it difficult to follow much of the course discussion. They also tended to avoid socializing in the course, which left them at the periphery of course activities. Based on these findings, the authors make the following recommendations for designers and instructors of online courses: 1) Raise the English language proficiency requirement for graduate admissions into online programs because the text-based communication in a CMC space requires interpreting messages without non-verbal cues; 2) Ensure that online distance education course designers are aware of the needs and expectations of international students; and 3) Combine the design principles from both traditional and constructivism theories.
Canoco reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows user''s guide: software for canonical community ord

Canoco is a software package for multivariate data analysis, with an emphasis on dimesional reduction (ordination), regression analysis, and the combination of the two, constrained ordination. Canoco makes effective and powerful ordination methods easilyt accessible for scientists wanting to infer and visualize pattern and structure in complex multivariate data, e.g. biologists researching the relations between plant and animal communities and their environment. Canoco contains linear and unimodal ordination methods, with the possibility to account for background variation specified by covariates. In combination with extensive facilities for permutation tests, these methods have proven to be remarkably effective in solving applied research problems.
Design and Development of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) application for English Language using Android Push Notification Services

The pervasive nature of the mobile devices and the wide array of mobile learning applications enables the acceptance of mobile devices as an indispensable component in the current pedagogical learner-centric mode of learning. The term mobile learning is used in different contexts by different researcher universally but this research paper is concerned with both the mobility of the learner and the mobile nature of the devices. Mobile learning applications specially addressed for Language learning typically featured with quizzes, tests, podcast, videocast, flashcards, surveys and polls etc. These features are built-in to the m-learning applications for enhancing the English Language skills of EFL students. The learning content and the exercises focussed on improvising EFL students grammar, pronunciation, listening, speaking, reading, writing and vocabulary skills. The students can be engaged with learning activities as long as they are updated with new lessons, exercises and learning objects like podcast and videocast. The generic existing model of mobile assisted language learning (MALL) applications are normally supported with 'pull' model where the learner has to make the request to the server for ensuring the availability of the new learning content, test results, new exercises, feedback, blogs, forum opinions, messages from the instructor and their fellow learners. This model decreases the motivation of the students in enhancing their language skills and the duration they spend for improvising these skills through mobile devices. This paper address the need for designing m-learning applications with 'push' model using Push Notifications by Android, iOS, Blackberry, Windows Phone and other mobile platforms. The evaluation of the MALL applications, built with the push notification, by a different group of students augments the theory that mobile devices as an enabler of enhanced, personalized and life-long learning paradigm.
Implementation of a friction estimation and compensation technique

A friction estimation and compensation technique was implemented on a laboratory apparatus designed to permit the direct measurement of friction. Experimental results are reported for a friction observer which estimates the total friction present, assuming that it is a constant times the sign of velocity. An second observer is used to estimate the velocity using the measured position of the rotating shaft in the apparatus, when the velocity is not measurable. Experimental results show that the friction estimate is consistent with the measured friction, displaying the theoretical hysteresis phenomenon. Moreover, the performance of the system is substantially improved, especially at very low velocity, through the use of the estimated friction to compensate the system.
Fatigue Fracture Planes and the Critical Plane Orientations in Multiaxial Fatigue Failure Criteria

This paper deals with the problem of the critical plane determination formultiaxial fatigue failure criteria. Experimental results from multiaxial proportional,non-proportional cyclic loading and variable-amplitude bending and torsion were usedto determine the macroscopic fracture plane orientations and the fatigue lives. Someknown multiaxial critical plane criteria were verified based on the fracture planeorientations and experimental fatigue lives. It was concluded that frequently the criticaland fracture plane orientations do not coincide. However, the morphology of fractureplanes is a key for an appropriate choice of the fatigue failure criterion for the fatiguelife estimation.
Tailoring of feedback in online assessment: Lessons learnt

Feedback plays an important role in the learning process. Particularly, the functions of the elaborated feedback (EF) in online assessment may include assisting students in understanding their mistakes and misconceptions, motivating the student for further learning, suggesting directions for improvement, and others. During the academic years 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 we have conducted a series of online assessments of students (as integral parts of several bachelor and master courses) and have studied the possibilities of tailoring the feedback (presented to a student as a result of his/her response to questions of an online test) taking into account the individual learning styles (LS), certitude in a response and correctness of this response. In this paper we summarize our major findings from the assessments data and lessons learnt from the organization of online assessments with tailored feedback. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of our studies, and outline the prominent directions for further research.
Learning to read and write : a cross-linguistic perspective

List of contributors 1. Introduction: a cross-linguistic perspective on learning to read and write Margaret Harris and Giyoo Hatano 2. The acquisition of Italian orthography Giuseppe Cossu 3. Learning to read German: normal and impaired acquisition Heinz Wimmer, Karin Landerl and Uta Frith 4. Learning to read and spell in Greek: the importance of letter knowledge and morphological awareness Margaret Harris and Vicky Giannouli 5. Phonological awareness, syntactic awareness and learning to read and spell in Brazilian Portuguese Lucia Lins Browne Rego 6. Learning to read and write in Hebrew David Share and Iris Levin 7. Different morphemes, same spelling problems: cross-linguistic developmental studies Peter Bryant, Terezhina Nunes and Athanasios Aidinis 8. The relationship between phonological awareness and orthographic representation in different orthographies Usha Goswami 9. Learning to read in Scandinavia Ingvar Lundberg 10. Learning to read Chinese J. Richard Hanley, Ovid Tzeng and H. -S. Huang 11. Reading skill development in bilingual Singaporean children Susan Rickard Liow 12. Learning to read and write in Japanese Kiyomi Akita and Giyoo Hatano Index.
Reading complex words : cross-language studies

1. Linking morphological knowledge to English decoding ability: Large effects of little suffixes. - 2. The effects of morphological structure on children's reading of derived words in English. - 3. Morphological and phonological analysis by beginning readers: Evidence from Serbian and Turkish. - 4. Recognizing morphologically complex words in Turkish. - 5. Word decomposition in Hebrew as a Semitic language. - 6. Morphological representation as a correlation between form and meaning. - 7. A supralexical model for French derivational morphology. - 8. Parsing and semantic opacity. - 9. Effects of sublexical frequency and meaning in prefixed words. - 10. Morphological parsing and morphological structure. - 11. Morpheme-based lexical reading: Evidence from pseudoword naming. - 12. Word reading processes in adult learners. - 13. Reading aloud polysyllabic words. - 14. Homophonous regular verb forms with a morphographic spelling: Spelling errors as a window on the mental lexicon and working memory.
Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft® Excel

From the Publisher: Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel includes step-by-step procedures for using Excel to create workbooks for every statistical topic discussed in this text. Many of these workbooks extend the scope of Excel by providing analyses not included in Excel's Data Analysis tool and the Chart and Pivot Table Wizards. All workbooks allow you to see the results of dynamically changing the data for a problem, bringing the power of spreadsheet "what its" to the study of statistics. The disk that accompanies this text includes copies of every workbook discussed, all ready-to-use and completely documented.
What’s TyCO, After All?

We study the expressive power of asynchronous π-calculus with nested variants (πV a ), of uniform and non-uniform TyCO by means of encodings. I was given a draft of this report and had to make the necessary changes to the theory in order to make the theorems true, and prove them Uniform TyCO can be seen as a sub-calculus of πV a , the only difference being that πV a requires a separate construct for analysing an input while in TyCO input and value analysis are tightly bound. Still, we can give an encoding (embedding) that is fully abstract and good. We propose an encoding from local πV a to TyCO and show that it is fully abstract.
EFFECT OF FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON THE GROWTH OF ALOE VERA L

The aim of the present study was to find out the effect of various doses of three fertilizers. The results revealed that the number of leaves were non-significant at various applied fertilizers (urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and farmyard manure (FYM). The leaf length of Aloe vera showed significant differences and it was due to increased urea and DAP fertilizers while FYM showed non-significant results. DAP application had significant effects on average leaf breadth while urea and FYM had non-significant results. The average leaf area was significantly increased under different fertilizers like urea and DAP. FYM had non-significant effects on the average leaf area in the present case. There were significant differences in dry weight of total leaves under various doses of fertilizers. The fertilizers non-significantly affected the total leaves moisture contents under various doses of fertilizers. It was observed that urea and DAP were more effective for the growth of this plant. If extensive cultivation of this plant is started it will help the pharmaceutical industries to prepare different herbal products that can be exported to other countries. Its cultivation can be started in the drier regions as well.
Lancelot: A FORTRAN Package for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization (Release A)

This book, which is concerned with algorithms for solving large-scale non-linear optimization problems, is the only complete source of documentation for the software package Lancelot and will mainly be used as a manual in conjunction with the software package. However, it is not only a reference to the input format but also to the underlying algorithms. It is the first publication of this kind for large-scale general non-linear problems. Numerous figures and tables enhance its usefulness to both novices and experts. In addition, it also gives valuable guidance to future designers of related software.
Effect of different beef sausage formulas on rat liver with focusing on their nitrosodiethylamine content

This study was performed to examine the possibility for alleviating the deleterious effect of nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) that formed during processing of beef sausage by supplementation of a mixture of herbs and beetroot juice; for this purpose a total 36 adult male rats (120±5g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (G1) negative control group that fed on basal diet, (G2) positive control that treated daily with nitrosodiethylamines in drinking water at concentrate 40ppmNA /100g b.w for 5 weeks, (G3) rats treated with the previously described treatment protocol of G2 plus mixture of herbs and beetroot juice as protection ,(G4) rats fed on standard sausage formula, (G5) rats fed on experimentally modified sausage and (G6) rats fed on commercial sausage (unknown composition). The duration of the experimental period was 19 weeks except the G3 that was 21 weeks. Estimation of NDEA in different beef sausage formulas, serum, and urinary excretion in addition to histopathological evaluations were performed. Results indicated that NDEA level was higher in commercial sausage formula compared with other sausage formulas as NDEA content in food, serum and urine were (0.61 μg/100gm,18.10 μg /dl and 40.30 μg /dl, respectively) , significantly decreased in experimentally modified sausage formula to be 0. 111μg/100gm, 0. 64μg/dl and 7. 848μg/dl), respectively. Various histopathological alterations were detected in all treated groups that were more sever in positive control group, the lesions include appearance of altered hepatocellular foci (AHF) and bile duct and oval cell hyperplasia, these lesions were ameliorated in G 3, while the worst histopathological lesions were recorded in rats group fed on commercial sausage compared with fed on other sausage formulas. Conclusion: The supplementation of herbal mixtures and beetroot juice in beef sausage formula able to reduce the deleterious effect of NDEA that formed during processing meat products. [Manar, M. A. Farag, Faten. F. Mohammed and Amany, A. Salem. Effect of different beef sausage formulas on rat liver with focusing on their nitrosodiethylamine content. Life Sci J 2014;11(12):830-840]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 148
The Role of Dynamics in Visual Adaptation to Emotional Facial Expressions

The effect of adaptation to emotional facial expressions occurs after a prolonged observation of an intense display of a basic emotion (the adaptor) which biases the perception of a subsequent briefly presented face away from the adaptor. Previous studies of this effect mostly explored static images of facial expressions. We conducted two experiments to examine the features of adaptation to dynamic facial expressions. In Experiment 1, we created three types of adaptors based on video clips of the face of a female model who demonstrated the transitions between expressions of happiness and sadness. The adaptors included static expressions, dynamic expressions and dynamic changes from one expression to another. We expected the perception of the test stimuli to be biased away from the emotion displayed in the static adaptors or from the emotion at the end of the dynamic adaptors. The results showed that the static and dynamic expressions resulted in adaptation effects of the same size, and no adaptation occurred to the dynamic changes between two expressions. In Experiment 2, we tested the hypothesis that adaptation to dynamic changes of expression occurs if the duration of the adaptor is doubled (from 5 to 10 seconds). The results of the experiment supported the hypothesis. Overall, we confirmed the effect of adaptation to the emotional content of a facial expression. No adaptation to the temporal structure of the expression (forward versus reversed in time) was found. Correspondence: Olga A. Korolkova, olga.kurakova@gmail.com; Center for Experimental Psychology MSUPE, 2a Shelepikhinskaya Quay, 123390 Moscow, Russia
Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease : biological , clinical , and therapeutic relations

A number of clinical and epidemiological studies have been conducted in the past decade to investigate a possible association between periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The majority of such studies indicate that patients with RA have an increased prevalence of periodontitis and tooth loss. However, because of the great variability in study designs, the strength of the association remains unclear. Furthermore, most available studies are cross-sectional, and therefore the temporality of the association between periodontitis and RA cannot be evaluated. Emerging evidence indicates that infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium highly implicated in chronic periodontal disease, might have a direct role in the etiology and pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory response in RA. Additional noncausal pathways include genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that are common to both conditions. Linking both disorders are the pathways involved in inflammatory bone destruction, suggesting possible shared therapeutic targets and research aims. Analecta Periodontologica 2009; 20:(6)1-14
A novel squeeze YOLO-based real-time people counting approach

: Real-time people counting based on videos is one of the most popular projects in the construction of smart cities. To develop an accurate people counting approach, deep learning can be used as it greatly improves the accuracy of machine learning-based approaches. To this end, we have previously proposed an accurate you only look once (YOLO)-based people counting approach, dubbed YOLO-PC. However, the model of YOLO-PC was very large with an excessive number of parameters, thus it requires large storage space on the device and makes transmission on internet a time consuming task. In this paper, a new real-time people counting method named as squeeze YOLO-based people counting (S-YOLO-PC) is proposed. S-YOLO-PC uses the fire layer of SqueezeNet to optimise the network structure, which reduces the number of parameters used in the model without decreasing its accuracy. Based on the obtained the experimental results, S-YOLO-PC reduces the number of model parameters by 11.5% and 9% compared to YOLO and YOLO-PC, respectively. S-YOLO-PC can also detect and count people with 41 frames per second (FPS) with the average precision (AP) of person of 72%.