Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identification of Pseudomonas syringae genes required for competitive fitness during colonization of the leaf surface and apoplast

The foliar plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae can establish large epiphytic populations on leaf surfaces before infection. However, the bacterial genes that contribute to these lifestyles have not been completely defined. The fitness contributions of most genes in P. syringae pv. syringae B728a were determined by genome-wide fitness profiling with a randomly barcoded transposon mutant library that was grown on the leaf surface and in the apoplast of the susceptible plant Phaseolus vulgaris. Genes within the functional categories of amino acid and polysaccharide (including alginate) biosynthesis contributed most to fitness both on the leaf surface (epiphytic) or in the leaf interior (apoplast), while genes in the type III secretion system and syringomycin synthesis were primarily important in the apoplast. Numerous other genes that had not been previously associated with in planta growth were also required for maximum epiphytic or apoplastic fitness. Many hypothetical proteins and uncategorized glycosyltransferases were also required for maximum competitive fitness in and on leaves. For most genes, no relationship was seen between fitness in planta and either the magnitude of their expression in planta or degree of induction in planta compared to in vitro conditions measured in other studies. A lack of association of gene expression and fitness has important implications for the interpretation of transcriptional information and our broad understanding of plant-microbe interactions. Significance Statement Many plant pathogenic bacteria can extensively colonize leaf surfaces before entry and multiplication within the leaf to cause disease. While these habitats presumably require distinct adaptations, the genes required in these habitats and how they would differ was unknown. Using a genome-wide library of barcoded insertional mutants in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, we ascertained the common and unique genes required to colonize these habitats. A lack of association between gene expression and contribution to fitness suggests that many genes that are highly expressed or induced in planta are dispensable or redundant. As a model bacterium for plant pathogenesis and colonization, our comprehensive genetic dataset allows us to better understand the traits needed for association with leaves.
AD-750 7 81 SPECTRAL WHITENING WITH APPLICATION TO EXPLOSION

A method is proposed for whitening the spectra of teleseismic P waves to aid in the determination of event depths. The method uses a network of common recording stations, all of which must have recorded signals from a suite of closely-spaced events, e.g., a set of underground explosions. Individual spectra are whitened by removing a path-recording site response determined by averaging spectra from the suite of events as recorded at a single station. The whitened spectra from a single event are then summed over the recording network to yield a whitened source spectra. The whitening process enhances spectral components in the band 2 to 5 Hz. Application of the proposed whitening method to explosion s;pectra for theoretical and experimental data sets indi.ates that the method may be useful in analyzing spectral nulls provisionally interpreted as due to pP-P interference. Depth-phase analysis for seven NTS explosions, using both whitened and unwhitened data, shows that spectral nulls are enhanced in the whitened spectra. Network summed spectra (unwhitened) for seventeen earthquakes are also included; these demonstrate the fact that nulls can be caused, for example, by multipath effects and multiplet sources as well as by depth-phase interference.
The contribution of temperature and continental fragmentation to amphibian diversification

Abiotic factors such as global temperature or continental fragmentation may favour speciation through the ecological and geographical isolation of lineages, but macroevolutionary quantifications of such effect with both fossil and phylogenetic data are rarely performed. Here, we propose to use biogeographical estimations and palaeo‐environmental diversification models to estimate whether and how palaeotemperature and the sequential break‐ups of Pangaea, Gondwana and Laurasia have affected the diversification of amphibians through time.
Effect of emotional and spiritual intelligence on transformational leadership and impact on employee performance

The population of this research is all operator employees of PT. Gas Station Pratama Anugrah Dewata who is an employee with contract status. The sampling technique used in this study is saturated sampling or census with the research instrument using a questionnaire. Because the population is relatively small, all populations are used as samples, so the number of samples in this study were 40 operator employees of PT Gas Station Pratama Anugrah Dewata. Data were then analyzed using path analysis and Sobel test. The results showed that emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence had a positive and significant effect on transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and transformational leadership positive and significant effect on employee performance, and transformational leadership was able to mediate the effect of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence variables on the performance of PT Gas Station Pratama Anugrah Dewata operator employees.
Strategic issue diagnosis by top management teams: A multiple-agent model

This study proposes an explanation for the accuracy of top management teams’ diagnoses of strategic issues. Key determinants are the number of members on the management team, as well as the span of managers’ attention and its allocation to the environment and to other managers. Depending on the nature of the issues faced, managers who reason analogically from past experience to draw inferences about current strategic issues may arrive at accurate or inaccurate diagnoses. We specify and analyze a multiple-agent model that encompasses individual, top management team, and context characteristics relevant to classifying strategic issues as opportunities or threats based on learning from experience. Results from our model indicate that attending to the environment improves the accuracy of strategic issue diagnoses, whereas attending to other managers’ inferences proves detrimental. Adding members can enhance issue diagnosis accuracy for a team that makes decisions according to majority-rule voting, despite leaving the accuracy of individual managers’ diagnoses unchanged.
Phenolic and lipophilic compounds of wheat grain as factors affecting susceptibility to infestation by granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.)

The impact of certain groups of polyphenolic (phenolic acids and alkylresorcinols) and lipophilic compounds (total lipids, fatty acids, sterols, tocols and carotenoids) on susceptibility of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels to Sitophilus granarius infestation was studied. In the experiments, six cultivars of spring wheat with comparable protein content, endosperm hardness and overall technological quality were used. Twenty grams of grain were infested by 10 pairs of beetles and stored for one week or eight weeks at 28±2°C and relative humidity of 60%. The intensity of growth and feeding of S. granarius varied significantly in the used cultivars. The antixenosis effect of the studied grain chemicals, observed after one week of infestation, was the lowest for Łagwa cv. , which was characterized by the highest total lipid and sterol contents. Other cultivars showed a similar antixenosis effect. For antibiosis effect, the most attractive for S. granarius infestation was Ostka Smolicka cv. , which was characterized by the lowest content of total phenolic acids. In contrast, the highest antibiosis effect was found for Arabella and Izera cvs. with the lowest values of sterol content and average values of other determined phytochemicals.
How Does Board Structure Impact on Firm Performance in the UK?

The aim of this paper is to examine whether or not the structure of the board of directors and, in particular, board size, independence and remuneration have an impact on firm performance. The sample examined is UK FTSE 100 non-financial companies using data from the period 2012 to 2015. A regression analysis has been used concluding a significant positive correlation between board remuneration and firm performance, namely Return on Assets and Tobin’s Q. The study also concluded a positive correlation between board size and ROA, and between board independence and Tobin’s Q. Additionally, a significant negative correlation between the control variables (i.e. company size and industry) and Return on Assets.
Toward a monitoring and threat detection system based on stream processing as a virtual network function for big data

The late detection of security threats causes a significant increase in the risk of irreparable damages and restricts any defense attempt. In this paper, we propose a sCAlable TRAffic Classifier and Analyzer (CATRACA). CATRACA works as an efficient online Intrusion Detection and Prevention System implemented as a Virtualized Network Function. CATRACA is based on Apache Spark, a Big Data Streaming processing system, and it is deployed over the Open Platform for Network Functions Virtualization (OPNFV), providing an accurate real‐time threat‐detection service. The system presents a friendly graphical interface that provides real‐time visualization of the traffic and the attacks that occur in the network. Our prototype can differentiate normal traffic from denial of service (DoS) attacks and vulnerability probes over 95% accuracy under three different datasets. Moreover, CATRACA handles streaming data under concept drift detection with more than 85% of accuracy.
Proving the existence of Mn porphyrin-like complexes hosted in reduced graphene oxide with outstanding performance as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

The lack of low-cost, durable and highly efficient electrocatalysts to perform oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) still represents a significant challenge for the development of fuel cells cathodes. Recently, Pt-free metalloporphyrins supported on N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) have been proposed as innovative ORR catalysts characterized by notable stability and superior performance. In this paper, we propose a fast and green microwave-assisted method to synthetize manganese-nitrogen co-doped rGO, characterized by catalytic activity comparable to Pt-containing materials and improved long-term stability. Theoretical calculations and experimental results showed that our synthetic method produces N-rGO matrices which coordinate Mn2+ ions in porphyrin-like structures. These Mn/N-rGO complexes are responsible for the outstanding performance of the proposed catalyst, being able to weaken O–O molecular bond, thus effectively reducing the activation energy towards oxygen catalytic reaction. Our findings open the path to a green co-doping process of graphene for the production of low-cost and efficient alternatives to noble metals-based ORR catalysts.
Describing Images using a Multilayer Framework based on Qualitative Spatial Models

To date most research in image processing has been based on quantitative representations of image features using pixel values, however, humans often use and semantic knowledge to describe and analyze images. To enhance cognitive adequacy and tractability, we here present a multilayer framework based on qualitative spatial models. The layout features of segmented images are defined by qualitative spatial models which we introduce, and represented as a set of qualitative spatial constraints. Assigned different semantic and context knowledge, the image segments and the qualitative spatial constraints are interpreted from different perspectives. Finally, the knowledge layer of the framework enables us to describe the image in a natural way by integrating the domain-specified semantic constraints and the spatial constraints.
A Century of Nonlinearity in the Geosciences

This paper provides a thumbnail sketch of the evolution of nonlinear ideas in the mathematics and physics of the geosciences, broadly construed, over the last hundred or so years. It emphasizes the mathematical concepts and methods and outlines simple examples of how they were, are, and maybe will be applied to the solid Earth—that is, the crust, mantle, and core—and its fluid envelopes—that is, the atmosphere and oceans.
An Earthquake Fatalities Assessment Method Based on Feature Importance with Deep Learning and Random Forest Models

This study aims to analyze and compare the importance of feature affecting earthquake fatalities in China mainland and establish a deep learning model to assess the potential fatalities based on the selected factors. The random forest (RF) model, classification and regression tree (CART) model, and AdaBoost model were used to assess the importance of nine features and the analysis showed that the RF model was better than the other models. Furthermore, we compared the contributions of 43 different structure types to casualties based on the RF model. Finally, we proposed a model for estimating earthquake fatalities based on the seismic data from 1992 to 2017 in China mainland. These results indicate that the deep learning model produced in this study has good performance for predicting seismic fatalities. The method could be helpful to reduce casualties during emergencies and future building construction.
The cost of anadromy: marine and freshwater mortality rates in anadromous Arctic char and brown trout in the Arctic region of Norway

It is hypothesized that in diadromous fish, migrations may occur because of differences in the availability of food in marine and freshwater habitats. The benefits of migration to sea may be increased growth opportunities and reproductive output, while the costs may be increased mortality and increased energy use. Here we examine mortality rates of anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in fresh water and at sea over a 25-year period to test these hypotheses. Daily mortality rates were 5–15 times higher at sea than in fresh water, with highest rates for first-time migrants, inferring a clear trade-off between increased mass gain and mortality risk during the sea migration. Descending smolts were caught in a trap at the outlet of the river, individually tagged, and thereafter recorded each time they passed through the trap on their annual migration between the river and the sea. Brown trout females seemed to benefit to a higher degree from migrating to sea than did female Arctic char, probably because of the higher growth rate at sea, and hence higher reproductive output.
When do bundles of high performance work systems reduce employee absenteeism? The moderating role of workload

Abstract Although Human Resource Management (HRM) scholars have frequently called for a more contextualized approach to HRM, there is still a limited understanding of how the HRM-employee outcome relationship varies under different conditions. This study tests a model that positions workload as a moderator of the relationship between perceived skill-, motivation- and opportunity-enhancing High Performance Work Systems (HPWS) and employee absenteeism. Using data from 194 employees, the results revealed that under high workloads, perceived opportunity-enhancing HPWS practices reduce absenteeism. However, workload did not influence the relationship between skill-enhancing and motivation-enhancing HPWS and absenteeism. The findings highlight that demanding work conditions in the form of a high workload can alter the relationship between HRM and key employee outcomes in such a way that the benefits of some HR practices become particularly useful when employees really need them. In addition, the findings underline the need to focus on the differential effects of skill-, motivation- and opportunity-enhancing HPWS practices for a richer understanding of the HRM–employee outcome relationship.
Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates

This paper updates estimates of fossil fuel subsidies, defined as fuel consumption times the gap between existing and efficient prices (i.e., prices warranted by supply costs, environmental costs, and revenue considerations), for 191 countries. Globally, subsidies remained large at $4.7 trillion (6.3 percent of global GDP) in 2015 and are projected at $5.2 trillion (6.5 percent of GDP) in 2017. The largest subsidizers in 2015 were China ($1.4 trillion), United States ($649 billion), Russia ($551 billion), European Union ($289 billion), and India ($209 billion). About three quarters of global subsidies are due to domestic factors—energy pricing reform thus remains largely in countries’ own national interest—while coal and petroleum together account for 85 percent of global subsidies. Efficient fossil fuel pricing in 2015 would have lowered global carbon emissions by 28 percent and fossil fuel air pollution deaths by 46 percent, and increased government revenue by 3.8 percent of GDP.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Parents towards Childhood Vaccination

Background: The prevention and treatment of hypertension are a high priority in medicine Background: It has been recently reported by WHO that a large proportion of children fail to complete their immunization schedule. System weaknesses, low public awareness, fears and misconceptions about vaccines were responsible for that. Despite nearly 100% vaccination rate in Saudi Arabia, often parents delay vaccination and do not fully understand the value of immunization, except that it is mandatory for birth certification and admission in school. Objectives: To assess parental knowledge and attitude regarding vaccination and their effects on vaccination practice. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered Arabic questionnaire, including 20 questions related to parental knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding childhood vaccination. It was distributed in PHC settings. Results: The study included parents of 390 children. Factors significantly associated with better knowledge score and positive parental attitude regarding child vaccination were source of information about child vaccination from TV, internet and journals/newspapers, parents with first child, younger age, and higher level of education. There was a moderate positive correlation between total knowledge score and total attitude score of child vaccination (r=0.382, p<0.001). Conclusion: Positive attitude towards immunizations was remarkably high in this study group of parents. Knowledge on childhood immunizations, however, was not significantly higher in those who reportedly receive information from health professionals. صخلم
Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Degradation of Remazol Black B Dye

In the present paper, the synthesis of metal-organic framework MIL-101 and its application in the photocatalytic degradation of Remazol Black B (RBB) dye have been demonstrated. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K. It was found that MIL-101 synthesized under optimal conditions exhibited high crystallinity and specific surface area (3360 m2·g-1). The obtained MIL-101 possessed high stability in water for 14 days and several solvents (benzene, ethanol, and water at boiling temperature). Its catalytic activities were evaluated by measuring the degradation of RBB in an aqueous solution under UV radiation. The findings show that MIL-101 was a heterogeneous photocatalyst in the degradation reaction of RBB. The mechanism of photocatalysis was considered to be achieved by the electron transfer from photoexcited organic ligands to metallic clusters in MIL-101. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation reaction were analyzed by using the initial rate method and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The MIL-101 photocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic recyclability and stability and can be a potential catalyst for the treatment of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions.
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM CA-125 LEVELS WITH NON-HODGKINâ€™S LYMPHOMA

Background: Non-Hodgkinâ€™s lymphoma (NHL) is a common malignancy presenting to oncology out-patient departments. Several prognostic markers including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), BCL-2 and beta-2 micro-globulin have been studied and have been found to be of significance. Serum CA-125 has been studied in the past and feeble but unclear association was found. The present study aims at finding an association between serum CA-125 levels and NHL. Methods: One hundred patients (90 males, 10 females) with histological diagnosis of NHL diffuse large B-cell type were enrolled in the study through convenience sampling method. After documenting the demographics (age, gender and performance status), staging investigations including bone marrow aspiration/trephine, CT scans, baseline haematology and biochemistry. Serum LDH and serum CA-125 levels were measured at diagnosis and completion of treatment. Results: Fifty-eight patients had normal serum CA-125 levels while 42 patients had raised levels. Patients with high CA-125 levels at baseline had higher international prognostic scores. These patients had poorer response to treatment. Raised CA-125 levels were found more frequently among patients who had ascites or pleural effusions due to lymphoma. Conclusion: Serum CA-125 level measurement before during and after treatment correlates with response to treatment and increasing levels following treatment completion can predict disease relapse ahead of time. Pak J Physiol 2017;13(1):54â€“6
ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL IPA DI SMP NEGERI KOTA PONTIANAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterampilan proses sains siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal IPA di SMP Negeri Kota Pontianak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan survey studies. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah SMP Negeri Kota Pontianak dengan SMP Negeri 3 Pontianak, SMP Negeri 19 Pontianak dan SMP Negeri 24 Pontianak sebagai sampel penelitian yang diperoleh dengan teknik random sampling . Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa tes soal KPS yang berbentuk pilihan ganda. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahawa: 1) Keterampilan proses sains siswa SMP Negeri di Kota Pontianak berdasarkan tiap indikator, indikator yang mempunyai nilai tertinggi yaitu indikator mengamati dengan nilai rata-rata 89,9 dengan kategori sangat baik dan untuk indikator keterampilan proses sains terendah yaitu pada indikator menyimpulkan dengan nilai rata-rata 76,8 dengan kategori baik , untuk keterampilan proses sains pada indikator memprediksi dan mengkomunikasikan memiliki nilai rata- rata yang sama yaitu sebesar 83,3 dengan kategori baik , keterampilan proses sains untuk indikator mengklasifikasikan memiliki nilai rata-rata sebesar 77,6 dengan kategori cukup , keterampilan proses sains untuk indikator mengukur memiliki rata-rata sebesar 80 dengan kategori baik . 2) Keterampilan proses sains siswa SMP Negeri di Kota Pontianak berdasarkan gender, untuk gender perempuan memiliki nilai rata-rata 79,9 dan untuk gender laki-laki memiliki nilai rata-rata 83,4, Secara keseluruhan keterampilan proses sains siswa SMP Negeri di Kota pontianak dikategorikan baik . 3) Keterampilan proses sains siswa SMP Negeri di Kota Pontianak berdasarkan ranking sekolah, untuk semua indikator nilai keterampilan proses sains dengan ranking tertinggi memiliki nilai rata-rata 91,16 dengan kategori sangat baik , keterampilan proses sains untuk ranking sedang memiliki nilai rata-rata 92 dengan kategori sangat baik dan keterampilan proses sains untuk ranking rendah memiliki nilai rata-rata 61 dengan kategori cukup .