Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Protein Phosphatase Type 1 in Contractile Functions: Myosin Phosphatase*

Protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) is involved in a wide range of cell activities (1), and even within the more restricted theme of contractile activity in muscle several processes may be considered. Important areas include regulation of ion channels (2), effect of phospholamban on Ca uptake by the SR (3), and phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of myosin II. Phosphorylation of myosin light chains (located in the head-neck junction of the myosin molecule) by the Ca -calmodulin-dependent MLCK in all muscle types is established (4). Discovery of MLCK spurred numerous reports on the phosphatases involved. In smooth muscle, phosphorylation of myosin II increases actin-activated ATPase activity and is required for contraction (4). Much of the earlier work focused on smooth muscle myosin phosphatase (MP). An initial controversy was the type of catalytic subunit involved, i.e. PP1c, PP2Ac, etc. In smooth muscle the majority of MP activity is due to PP1c (5), and this finding was extended to include skeletal and cardiac muscle. Three genes encode PP1c: , , and (also called ). Five PP1c isoforms are expressed, where 1/ 2 and 1/ 2 are generated by alternative splicing (1). To accommodate specific functions of the limited number of PP1c isoforms with the multiple roles of PP1c the concept of target subunits was developed. Over 50 potential target subunits have been identified (1) that in complex with PP1c may designate specific substrates, regulate activity, and direct distinct cell localization. This review describes one of the PP1 holoenzymes, namely the myosin phosphatase of muscle.
SEISMIC URBAN FACTOR TO PREVENT SEVERE DAMAGE BY MAJOR EARTHQUAKE

The occurrence of major earthquake near the area with high densely inhabited cities causes a lot of collapsed buildings and brings the several social problems to the area. Therefore, it is important to decrease the total amounts of damaged buildings within the allowable disaster level which is defined by social need of each country. The buildings in densely populated area should be required higher seismic performances rather than those in under-populated area in the quake-prone countries.
Synthetic birnessites and buserites as heavy metal cation traps and environmental remedies

tes which have a similar structure but consist of two single molecule water layers enlarging the interlayer space around 10 Å [4,6,7]. Since water is loosely bound to the buserite structure, it can be lost easily upon drying yielding back birnessites [4,6,7]. This inter-conversion is of great importance for various topics and especially for manganese distribution in the nature. The special structure of birnessite and buserite bears several unusual properties such as pronounced adsorptive properties and ion exchanging [8-13]. In spite of the industrial applications of the latter [14-16, 17-20] deriving from this property, increasing interest is paid for their application as anticontamintats Synthetic birnessites and buserites as heavy metal cation traps and environmental remedies Kledi Xhaxhiu 1,*
EFFECT OF FEEDING MAIZE SILAGE SUPPLEMENTED WITH CONCENTRATE AND LEGUME HAY ON NUTRIENT UTILISATION IN NELLORE RAM LAMBS

To develop a suitable feeding regime in Andhra Pradesh for growing lambs to obtain optimum weight gains, an on-farm experiment was conducted in growing Nellore ram lambs (n = 42, 3–4 months old) by feeding intensively for five months period with sole maize (Zea mays) silage (R-I), silage + concentrate at 0.5 (R-II), 1.0 (R-III) and 1.5 (R-IV) per cent body weight, silage + lucerne hay (R-V) and silage + groundnut haulms/straw (R-VI) and compared with the performance of ram lambs fed sweet sorghum bagasse based complete diet (R-VII). The results showed that, the dry matter intake (DMI) in g/d was significantly (P<0.01) higher by 25.19, 29.74, 34.82, 31.04, 27.6 and 26.56 per cent respectively with R-II, R-III, R-IV, R-V, R-VI and R-VII rations in comparison to R-I ration (sole silage). The DMI (g/d) was almost similar in lambs fed rations R-III, R-V and R-VI. The lowest DMI (g/d) was observed in ram lambs fed R-I ration. The DMI (g/kg w) in ram lambs was also significantly (P<0.01) different among the seven rations and was highest in ration R-III and lowest in ration R-I in comparison to the other rations. Almost similar DMI/kg w was observed in ram lambs fed rations R-II, R-IV, R-V and R-VI. Mean digestibility coefficients (%) of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract in ram lambs fed R-I, R-II, R-III, R-IV, R-V, R-VI and R-VII rations were non significantly different among the seven rations. Average neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, hemicellulose and cellulose digestibilities were comparable and insignificantly increased as the level of concentrate increased in the ration. Based on these results, it was concluded that the maize silage can be supplemented either with lucerne hay, groundnut haulms (to meet 25% of dry matter requirement) or concentrate at 1.5% of body weight depending on the availability for obtaining optimum growth rate in growing Nellore ram lambs.
Effects of Inconsistent Attribute Information on the Predictive Value of Product Attitudes: Toward a Resolution of Opposing Perspectives

This article examines the effects of evaluative inconsistencies in product attribute information on the strength of the resultant attitude, as manifested in its predictive ability. The existing literature makes opposing predictions regarding the effects of information inconsistency on attitude strength. We seek to resolve this dilemma by investigating the likelihood of inconsistency reconciliation--that is, whether or not people elaborate on inconsistencies with the goal of achieving an integrated evaluation. A strengthening effect should result when the processing goal is conducive to reconciliation and goal-facilitating factors are present in the environment; however, a weakening effect should be obtained when conditions are unfavorable to inconsistency reconciliation. Results from three experiments provide support for this conceptualization and offer a possible resolution of the opposing theoretical perspectives present in the literature. Copyright 2002 by the University of Chicago.
Quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics of feedlot ewes subjected to increasing levels of concentrate in the diet

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of concentrate on the quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics of feedlot ewes. Twenty-four crossbred ewes were randomly distributed in four treatments: (1) diet with 20%; (2) 40%; (3) 60%; and (4) 80% of concentrate. Animals were slaughtered when those receiving the diet with 80% of concentrate reached adult weight, at around 50kg LW. The data were analyzed by means of variance and regression analyses and correlations. The levels of concentrate increased live weight at slaughter linearly. Height at the withers and rump presented medium to high correlation (0.86). The correlation of loin eye area measured on the carcass and by ultrasound examination was 0.81, whereas for back fat thickness it was 0.85. The increase in the use of concentrate in the diets promotes heavier carcasses with better yields and fat cover. Some measures obtained in vivo presented high correlation with those measured on the carcass. The use of ultrasound can be a way to predict the in vivo loin eye area. The use of concentrate improves the meat quality in variables’ color and appearance.
Fiscal policy and growth in new member states of the EU: a panel data analysis

Fiscal policy can have positive effects on economic growth through changes in the structure of total expenditure, i.e. reductions in unproductive or current expenditure, lower taxes, and higher government investment - provided that it is offset by a decrease in unproductive expenditure. Such changes reduce the size of government, which positively affects output growth. Lower volatility of government investment expenditure is also growth-enhancing. However, the strongest growth effects are found for improvements in the fiscal balance, in particular if achieved by a reduction in the size of government expenditure. This suggests that a cautious fiscal policy stance may be the best way to improve growth.
SEISMIC SAFETY EVALUATION OF CONCRETE DAMS USING DAMAGE MECHANICS APPROACH

Concerns on the seismic safety of concrete dams have been growing in recent years, This is partly because the population at risk in locations downstream of major dams continues to expand. Also it has increasingly become evident that the seismic design concepts in use at the time when most existing dams were build are inadequate. In this article, an anisotropic damage mechanics approach in Gaussian point level is introduced which models the static and dynamic behavior of mass concrete in 3D space. The proposed numerical model is able to consider non-uniform cracking within the cracked element in Gaussian points. The validity of the proposed model is considered using available experimental and theoretical results. The Morrow Point dam is analyzed including dam-reservoir interaction effects to consider the nonlinear seismic behavior of the dam. It is found that the resulting crack profiles are more localized than those resulting from the smeared crack approach. It can be concluded that the proposed damage mechanics model can be readily used in nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of complex structures and enables engineers to define the damage level of structures. KEYWORD: Concrete dams, Dam-reservoir interaction, Damage mechanics, Dynamic analysis, Non-uniform cracking
Severity of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Distress among University Students in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: Dysmenorrhoea is a common problem among the adolescents and young adults but it is unclear the extent to which young adults girls in Majmaah are incapacitated each month due to the severity of dysmenorrhoea. Hence this arises a need to evaluate the menstrual characteristics, prevalence of dysmenorrhoea and its effect on daily routine activities and quality of life. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the severity of dysmenorrhoea, its associated symptoms and its effect on absenteeism for classes among young University students. Setting: Majmaah University, Female section Methodology: Cross-sectional explorative study using self-administered questionnaire was used. Results: The study highlights that most of the girls (70%) had moderate to severe menstrual distress symptoms and 30% had mild symptoms. The overall mean for menstrual distress was 62.82 with the standard deviation of 26.9 which shows that most of the girls had one or other kind of discomfort during menstruation. The girls had more negative affect symptoms (15.11) such as loneliness, anxiety, mood swings, tearfulness, irritability, tension, feeling sad or blue, and restlessness during menstruation where as they had less autonomic reaction (5.22) and water retention symptoms (5.46). Moreover compared to the somatic symptoms the girls had more mood and behavior symptoms during menstruation. Apart from these, they also experienced some impaired concentration symptoms too. The associated symptoms reported were weakness in lower limbs (36%), headache (32%) & vomiting (29%). Regarding absenteism for the college, 71% of them had taken leave for 1 to 3 days due to dysmenorrhea every month. Conclusions: This study shows that dysmenorrhoea and menstrual distress is very common among girls of the Majmaah University as they experience a number of physical, psychological, emotional and behavioral symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea. The correct approach to management of adolescent girls with dysmenorrhoea can reduce the adverse impact of severe dysmenorrhoea on academic activities in the form of class absenteeism.
Correlation Analysis of Business Cycles

We analyze the business cycles in China and in selected OECD countries between 1992 and 2006. Nearly all OECD countries show positive correlations of the very short-run developments which may correspond to intensive supplier linkages. However, dynamic correlations at the business cycle frequencies are negative. Countries facing a comparably longer history of intensive trading links tend to show also slightly higher correlations of business cycles with China. Despite of this, trade and financial flows do not increase correlations of business cycles between China and OECD countries, but they lower the degree of business cycle synchronization within the OECD area. JEL Classification: E32, F15, F41.
The Development of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Antisocial Behavior in Children: Are There Shared and/or Unique Predictors?

Callous and unemotional (CU) traits have been linked to severe antisocial behavior in youth, but studies examining the etiology of CU traits are lacking. Based on prior research, it was hypothesized that childhood anxiety and parenting practices would interact to predict changes in CU traits over time. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 120 moderate to highly aggressive fifth graders followed over a 1-year period. Although CU traits displayed moderate temporal stability and predicted increases in antisocial behavior, evidence suggested that these features were not immutable. Children exposed to lower levels of physical punishment showed decreases in CU traits over time, whereas higher levels of child-reported parental warmth and involvement predicted decreases in both CU traits and antisocial behavior over time. Lower levels of anxiety were uniquely related to increased CU traits for children who described their primary caregiver as exhibiting low warmth and involvement.
Number 286 – July 2016 CLASS ATTENDANCE AND UNIVERSITY PERFORMANCE

Using survey data collected at Göttingen University, Germany, this paper evaluates the effect of attending the lecture and/or tutorial on the grade achieved in two basic courses in business administration and economics. The analysis shows that going to class has no significant impact on student performance in most specifications. Although the identification of a causal effect may not be possible with the data at hand, the results suggest that, in the given framework, attending class and studying on one’s own may be substitutes.
Flat adenomas in the United Kingdom: are treatable cancers being missed?

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The recognized pathway for colorectal malignancies is the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. It is estimated that up to two-thirds of colorectal carcinomas arise from adenomatous polyps. In recent years, Japanese workers have suggested that early colorectal malignancies may arise as "flat" or "depressed" rather than as polypoid lesions. Such flat or depressed adenomas and adenocarcinomas have not been widely recognized in the West. A prospective study was carried out to search for flat and depressed adenomas in a British population, using Japanese colonoscopic techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective study at a British centre, 210 consecutive patients attending for routine colonoscopy were examined for flat or depressed lesions. The examinations were carried out using Japanese techniques by an experienced Japanese endoscopist (T.F.). RESULTS Overall, 68 adenomas were found, of which 40 (59%) were polypoid, 26 (38%) were flat, and two (3%) appeared depressed. The majority of the adenomas contained areas of mild or moderate dysplasia, but four were severely dysplastic. Two of these were large polypoid tubulovillous adenomas, the third was a 7-mm protruding polyp, and the fourth was a depressed adenoma 6 mm in diameter. Three Dukes' stage A adenocarcinomas were also found. Of these, one was a 20-mm polyp, one a 15-mm flat elevation of the mucosa with a central depression, and the third a 6-mm depression of the mucosa. Finally, four Dukes' B or more advanced adenocarcinomas were found. CONCLUSIONS The polyp-carcinoma hypothesis prompts colonoscopists to search only for polypoid lesions when screening for malignancy. A significant proportion of early colorectal neoplasms may therefore be missed. European colonoscopists require training in the recognition of flat elevated and depressed lesions in order to detect colorectal malignancies in their early stages.
Response of Thiourea and Zinc on Quality Characteristics and Economics of Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea var . botrytis L . )

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botryitis L.) is an important vegetable crop. It is grown round the year for its white tender curd formed by the shortened flower bud. It is widely cultivated all over India and abroad for its special nutritive values, high productivity and wider adaptability under different ecological conditions. It is used as vegetable, curries, soup and pickles. It is a rich source of nutrients and per 100 g edible portion of curd contains vitamin-A (51 IU), vitamin-C (75 mg), riboflavin (0.10 mg), thiamin (0.04 mg), nicotinic acid (1.0 mg), calcium (33 mg), phosphorus (57 mg), potassium (138 mg), moisture (90.8 g), carbohydrates (4.0 g), protein (2.6 g), fat (0.4 g) , fiber (1.2 g), iron (1.5 mg), etc. [1]. It is evident that without use of some micronutrient viz., Zn, Cu, Fe etc., it is not possible to get the maximum benefit of N, P and K. Zinc is another essential nutrient and taken up by the plant in ionic form (Zn ++ ). It is applied in the form of complex with a chelating agent like EDTA or ZnSO4 i.e. the principal salt, used as fertilizer. Zinc is a co-factor of over 300 enzymes and constituent of many proteins that are involved in cell division, nucleic acid metabolism and protein synthesis. Crop yield is often limited by low level of Zn in soils of arid and semi arid regions [2]. Most of the soils of Rajasthan are alkaline in nature and characterized by high pH ranging between 8 and 9. The uses of zinc in such soils are known to help in lowering the pH of soil, consequently increasing their uptake, in turn increase in yield of crop. Besides nutrients, thiourea also plays an important role in maximizing yield potentials of the crop in arid and semi arid regions as it may prove beneficial by inducing stress tolerance. Furthermore, it plays a vital role in the physiology of plants both as a sulphydryl compound and to some extent as an amino compound like urea. The stimulating action of thiourea in various physiological activities of plant is well known. It has also been reported that thiourea regulate the plant growth by maintaining higher photosynthetic rate up to the reproductive stage and increased the yield by improving carbon partitioning towards sink [3].
A Rare Case of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ( CVST ) Induced by Norethisterone Enanthate : Report from a Medical University Hospital in Bangladesh

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a rare condition and the association between norethisterone enanthate and CVST in the literature has very seldom been reported. In this case report, a 22-year-old unmarried woman of Bangladesh presented with acute onset of headache and vomiting with history of oral intake of 5 mg norethisterone thrice daily during past 2 years for menstrual disorder. She had no history of seizure, visual disturbances, and neck stiffness, imbalance of gait and weakness of any limbs, any sensory complaints or any episode of unconsciousness during the course of illness. Bilateral papilloedema was present with more marked on left eye and serum homocysteine level was high. A brain CT scan, MRI and Magnetic Resonance Venogram (MRV) revealed thrombosed anterosuperior segment of superior sagittal sinus. She was diagnosed to have CVST due to norethisterone and was treated with low molecular weight heparin, followed by Rivaroxaban, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 and Folic acid. She made a complete recovery after one month of intake of rivaroxaban and withdrawn of norethisterone.
Hydrochemistry and Seasonal Fluctuation of Plankton in Arasankulam Pond at Veppampattu in Thiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu , India

The present paper deals with the study of physico-chemical parameters along with plankton diversity in Arasankulam pond situated at Veppampattu in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu. The fluctuations in physicochemical characteristics were noted during the study period from January to December 2009. The results show that the zooplankton diversity was lesser as compared to phytoplankton. The plankton community showed seasonal fluctuations. The phytoplankton community was consisting of members of Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. The zooplankton community was represented by Cladocerans, Copepods, Ostracods and Rotifers. The ecological significance of the plankton diversity and the seasonal variation have been discussed in light of the available literature.
A Language Independent Method for Generating Large Scale Polarity Lexicons

Sentiment Analysis systems aims at detecting opinions and sentiments that are expressed in texts. Many approaches in literature are based on resources that model the prior polarity of words or multi-word expressions, i.e. a polarity lexicon. Such resources are defined by teams of annotators, i.e. a manual annotation is provided to associate emotional or sentiment facets to the lexicon entries. The development of such lexicons is an expensive and language dependent process, making them often not covering all the linguistic sentiment phenomena. Moreover, once a lexicon is defined it can hardly be adopted in a different language or even a different domain. In this paper, we present several Distributional Polarity Lexicons (DPLs), i.e. large-scale polarity lexicons acquired with an unsupervised methodology based on Distributional Models of Lexical Semantics. Given a set of heuristically annotated sentences from Twitter, we transfer the sentiment information from sentences to words. The approach is mostly unsupervised, and experimental evaluations on Sentiment Analysis tasks in two languages show the benefits of the generated resources. The generated DPLs are publicly available in English and Italian.
Impact of fibroblast growth factor 21 on the secretome of human perivascular preadipocytes and adipocytes: a targeted proteomics approach

Abstract Context: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is suggested to impact on vascular cells via humoral factors, possibly contributing to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Objective: To address whether the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 affects the PVAT secretome. Methods: Human perivascular (pre)adipocytes were subjected to targeted proteomics and whole-genome gene expression analysis. Results: Preadipocytes, as compared to adipocytes, secreted higher amounts of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Adipocytes released higher amounts of adipokines [e.g. adipisin, visfatin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), leptin; p < 0.05, all]. In preadipocytes, omentin 1 release was 1.28-fold increased by FGF-21 (p < 0.05). In adipocytes, FGF-21 reduced chemerin release by 5% and enhanced DPP4 release by 1.15-fold (p < 0.05, both). FGF-21 altered the expression of four secretory genes in preadipocytes and of 18 in adipocytes (p < 0.01, all). Conclusion: The hepatokine FGF-21 exerts secretome-modulating effects in human perivascular (pre)adipocytes establishing a new liver-PVAT-blood vessel axis that possibly contributes to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.