Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions of the p107 and Rb proteins with E2F during the cell proliferation response.

The E2F transcription factor is found in complexes with a variety of cellular proteins including the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. Various assays have demonstrated a tight correlation between the functional capacity of Rb as a growth suppressor and its ability to bind to E2F. Moreover, only the underphosphorylated form of Rb, which appears to be the active species, interacts with E2F. Despite the fact that the majority of Rb becomes hyperphosphorylated at the end of G1, we now show that the E2F‐Rb interaction persists through the G1/S transition and into S phase. A distinct E2F complex does appear to be regulated in relation to the transition from G1 to S phase. We now demonstrate that this complex contains the Rb‐related p107 protein. Moreover, like the Rb protein, p107 inhibits E2F‐dependent transcription in a co‐transfection assay. This result, together with the observation that free, uncomplexed E2F accumulates as cells leave G1 and enter S phase, suggests that the p107 protein may regulate E2F‐dependent transcription during G1. In contrast, although Rb does regulate the transcriptional activity of E2F, this association does not coincide with the G1 to S phase transition.
Financing Patterns in New Technology-Based Firms: An Extension of the Pecking Order Theory

Understanding financial strategies and patterns of new firms is crucial to the theoretical unravelling of the entrepreneurial process as well as to the elaboration of appropriate support programs from practitioner and policy maker. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether a pecking order theory underlies the financing strategies of new technology-based firms (NTBFs). From the analysis of previous literature on the subject, controversial results emerge: while some authors have confirmed a traditional pecking order theory for NTBFs, others, on grounds of NTBFs major financial constraints derived from higher information asymmetry, have proposed a revised pecking order, where access to equity (in particular private equity) occurs prior to debt. This research has been carried out applying an approach based on estimation of internal financial gap (Cosh et al., ECOJ 119:71494-1533, 2009) using data from the Kauffman Firm Survey. Additionally, we extend the pecking order prediction by examining the effect of human capital as determinants for financing decisions, given its crucial role in shaping entrepreneurial dynamics of NTBFs. Our results support the existence of a revised pecking order in the case of NTBFs; moreover entrepreneur's age and experience play a role in clarifying financial priorities of NTBFs.
Using the spatial autoregressively distributed lag model in assessing the regional convergence of per‐capita income in the EU25

The present study investigates the spatially dynamic income process among 228 regions of the extended European Union 25 on the basis of the augmented Solow model. In particular spatial autocorrelation effects are taken into account. Although a lot of empirical work has been done recently on the convergence process in EU, the importance of pure spatial interactions is still largely underestimated. In this paper a spatially dynamic approach is considered to describe the driving forces present in the economic system rather than the actual movements through time. The spatial error-correction and other related models are presented and used to explain the process of regional convergence observed at the level of the EU25 NUTS 2 regions in 2004. Copyright (c) 2008 the author(s). Journal compilation (c) 2008 RSAI.
Developing a Model for Supervised Agricultural Experience Program Quality: A Synthesis of Research.

The objectives of this investigation were to synthesize research related to SAE program quality, identify areas of deficiency, and to develop a model for conducting research related to SAE program quality. Overall, research in this area is primarily descriptive, survey, non-programmatic, and empirically deficient. Findings revealed that no standardized criteria exist by which to measure SAE program quality. Teacher attitudes and past SAE experience strongly influence SAE program quality. However, the number of teachers with high school SAE experience as students is declining, emphasizing the need for teacher educators to provide pre-service and beginning teachers with SAE instruction. Also, due to changing curricula and diverse student populations, school-site lab facilities are essential. Future research in this area should be directed toward determining the empirical value of SAEs; effects of SAE program type and quality on student achievement; influence of learning styles on SAE program effectiveness; effective teaching methods for SAE instruction; role of classroom instruction on SAE program quality; effects of SAE programs as experiential learning sources for problem solving methods; factors contributing to program quality; criteria to evaluate program quality; lab facilities needed to address student diversity; and SAE program needs of rural, suburban, and urban students.
Practice learning: Who is failing to adjust? Black African student experience of practice learning in a social work setting

The nature of social work as a profession and the increasing demand for social workers to reflect the ethnic and cultural communities which they serve, means that social work programmes should seek to recruit and train students from many different backgrounds and ethnicities. This article will draw upon a wider evaluation, undertaken by three academics, all teaching on undergraduate and post qualifying modules on Social Work programmes. The broad aim of the evaluation was to develop an understanding of the Black African student perspective on their life experiences and its impact on their learning whilst studying social work. The particular focus will be on students' experience of practice learning.
Boundary conditions for turnover intentions: exploratory evidence from China, Jordan, Turkey, and the United States

This article examines the boundary conditions for the formation of turnover intention. We propose that the environment, both at the firm level and at the societal level, moderates the relationships among organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Our findings show support for our model using professional employees from China, Jordan, Turkey, and the USA and reveal the similarities/differences across cultures. The results call for our attention in taking into consideration the environmental conditions (organizational, cultural, and economic) when studying antecedent factors of turnover intention. We also provide implications for researchers and practitioners in the human resource management (HRM) field and suggestions for giving attention to countries and regions that have been understudied.
Reaching customers at the base of the pyramid—a two‐stage business strategy

Two-thirds of the world's population make less than $2,000 a year. There is increasing attention paid to how private firms can play a role in improving the quality of life of people at the bottom of the economic pyramid in ways that are mutually beneficial. But despite the promise of mutual benefit, many firms have not been able to serve very poor customers profitably. In this article, we present a two-stage business strategy that will help firms to serve customers at the base of the pyramid. We suggest that in the first stage, firms need a deep cost management strategy, involving a focus on core customer value, and holistic operations reengineering. In the second stage, we suggest that firms need to consider a deep benefit management strategy, involving value reengineering, partnering for excellence, and creating inclusive channels. We support our ideas with examples of successful and unsuccessful cases of firms that have tried to serve the poor. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mutation A1298C of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: risk for early coronary disease not associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.

Diminished activity of 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a regulatory enzyme of homocysteine metabolism, may predispose to coronary artery disease (CAD). In a case-control study we determined the prevalence of two common MTHFR polymorphisms, C677T and A1298C, in 161 male patients under the age of 50 years with angiographically documented CAD and compared it to that in 211 healthy controls. Genotyping was also performed in a random population sample, consisting of 149 men and 121 women at an average age of 40 years. The studied group had classic risk factors of atherosclerosis but did not differ in fasting plasma homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels in either the control group or population sample. The frequency of the 1298C allele was significantly higher in CAD (0.304) than in controls (0.199) or the population sample (0.235). Allele 1298C showed a significant association with early-onset CAD both in homozygotes and in heterozygous carriers. These findings were further supported by comparisons with the population sample. Homozygosity for allele 677T showed a tendency to associate with CAD. Allele 1298C of MTHFR is associated with early-onset CAD (carriers- RR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.13-2.59; homozygotes- RR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.36-7.02), even when blood homocysteine levels are not elevated.
Tanespimycin with bortezomib: activity in relapsed/refractory patients with multiple myeloma

Tanespimycin (17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin, 17‐AAG) disrupts heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a key molecular chaperone for signal transduction proteins critical to myeloma growth, survival and drug resistance. In previous studies, tanespimycin monotherapy was well tolerated and active in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Preclinical data have shown antitumour synergy between tanespimycin and bortezomib, with more pronounced intracellular accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins than either drug alone, an effect attributed to the synergistic suppression of chymotryptic activity in the 20S proteasome. HSP70 induction has been observed in all Phase 1 tanespimycin studies in which it has been measured, with several separate reports of HSP70 overexpression protecting against peripheral nerve injury. In this Phase 2, open‐label multicentre study, we compared 1·3 mg/m2 bortezomib + three doses of tanespimycin: 50, 175 and 340 mg/m2 in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed and refractory MM and measured HSP70 expression and proteasome activity levels in plasma of treated patients. The study was closed prematurely for resource‐based reasons, precluding dose comparison. Nonetheless, antitumour activity was observed, with promising response rates and promising severity of peripheral neuropathy.
Forces Shaping Hours Worked in the OECD, 1960-2004

The goal of this paper is to examine the role of taxes and productivity growth as forces influencing market hours. To achieve this goal, the paper considers a calibrated growth model extended to include home production and subsistence consumption, both of which are found to be key features influencing market hours. The model is simulated for 15 OECD countries. The primary force driving changes in market hours is found to be changing labor income tax rates. Productivity catch-up relative to the United States is found to be an important secondary force. (JEL E24, H24, H31, J22, J24)
Lack of correlation between exercise and sibenadet-induced changes in heart rate corrected measurement of the QT interval.

AIMS We sought to investigate subject specific QT interval correction factors (SSCF) determined at rest and after exercise and to determine the validity of these factors after the administration of a probe drug known to increase heart rate without directly affecting cardiac repolarization. METHODS Thirty-two healthy volunteers underwent graded exercise, multiple recordings of electrocardiogram during rest over a day and a treatment phase administering inhaled placebo or sibenadet (a beta(2)-adrenoceptor/dopamine D(2)-receptor agonist) at 250, 500 or one of 750 or 1000 microg. SSCF were determined from linear regression of plots of log RR interval vs. log QT after exercise (QTcX), rest (QTcR), and combined data (QTcC). The SSCFs along with Bazett & Fridericia corrections were applied to the ECGs after inhalation of sibenadet. RESULTS SSCFs obtained from the combination of the exercise and resting day (mean QTcC = 0.41) and exercise alone (mean QTcX = 0.40) were similar with a good fit to the data (mean r(2) = 0.92 and 0.93, respectively) while data at rest resulted in a less pronounced slope (mean QTcR = 0.27) and poorer fit (mean r(2) = 0.52). After the administration of sibenadet, none of the SSCFs, Bazett or Fridericia corrections adequately corrected QT for heart rate induced changes. CONCLUSIONS Neither a SSCF from exercise, Bazett's or Fridericia's correction factors, adequately corrected the QT interval after the administration of a sympathomimetic agonist drug to increase heart rate in healthy volunteers demonstrating the potential need for QT/RR correction factors to be tailored for each drug studied.
A Cross-Team Framework of International Knowledge Acquisition on New Product Development Capabilities and New Product Market Performance

Rapid new product developments (NPDs) have drastically changed the competitive landscape in the global economy. Because the time-to-market dimension of product introduction has become a crucial determinant of multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) competitive advantage, the ability of MNCs to exploit their knowledge globally across subsidiaries using cross-teams has become an important source of competitive advantage. Recognizing the crucial role of MNCs’ knowledge management in NPD, the authors develop a conceptual framework to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of international knowledge acquisition at the cross-team level. The framework suggests that though it is important to acquire necessary knowledge resources for NPD, managers must nurture an NPD project team's realized absorptive capacity to transform the acquired knowledge resources into NPD capabilities, which in turn affect new product market performance.
Explaining adoption of management innovations in less advanced settings: evidence from Turkey

This study aims to explain how globally circulating management innovations are adopted by the firms operating in less advanced settings based on an integrative framework. The framework incorporates certain characteristics of national business systems, particular inter-organizational ties developed with transnational or local carriers, and the potential absorptive capacity of the local organizations. By this way, it includes the effects of temporal interactions between different adoption decisions. The components of the framework are operationalized and tested within the Turkish setting by using the adoption data of three different management innovations: TQM, six sigma and lean production. The data is collected from a sample of 375 large-sized firms using a telephone-based interview protocol. While the findings provide satisfactory support for the framework as a whole, they also call attention to the relative differences in the explanatory power of each factor in accounting for the adoption of particular innovations. Variations among the explanatory factors can be attributed to the differences between the life-cycles of TQM, six sigma and lean production as well as to the relative divergence of their conceptual framing.
A new method for studying population genetics of cyst nematodes based on Pool‐Seq and genomewide allele frequency analysis

Cyst nematodes are important agricultural pests responsible for billions of dollars of losses each year. Plant resistance is the most effective management tool, but it requires a close monitoring of population genetics. Current technologies for pathotyping and genotyping cyst nematodes are time‐consuming, expensive and imprecise. In this study, we capitalized on the reproduction mode of cyst nematodes to develop a simple population genetic analysis pipeline based on genotyping‐by‐sequencing and Pool‐Seq. This method yielded thousands of SNPs and allowed us to study the relationships between populations of different origins or pathotypes. Validation of the method on well‐characterized populations also demonstrated that it was a powerful and accurate tool for population genetics. The genomewide allele frequencies of 23 populations of golden nematode, from nine countries and representing the five known pathotypes, were compared. A clear separation of the pathotypes and fine genetic relationships between and among global populations were obtained using this method. In addition to being powerful, this tool has proven to be very time‐ and cost‐efficient and could be applied to other cyst nematode species.
Gender bias in the allocation of resources within households in Burkina Faso: A disaggregated outlay equivalent analysis

Discrimination in favour of boys in household resource allocation has been shown in a number of studies in South Asia; yet a lack of this discrimination has been shown in the few studies that have addressed this issue in Sub‐Saharan Africa. None of these studies have examined the issue differentiating rural and urban, agroecological zone, and income stratum, yet there is theoretical reason to believe intra‐household resource allocation would differ by these stratifiers. This article addresses the issue using those stratifiers for data from Burkina Faso. ‘Outlay equivalent’ analysis is used. Despite the stratification, the study supports the earlier findings of lack of discrimination in favour of boys.
Incentives and Endogenous Risk Taking: A Structural View of Hedge Funds Alphas

type="main"> Hedge fund managers are subject to several nonlinear incentives: performance fee options (call); equity investors' redemption options (put); and prime broker contracts allowing for forced deleverage (put). The interaction of these option-like incentives affects optimal leverage ex ante, depending on the distance of fund-value from the high-water mark. We study how these endogenous effects influence performance measures used in the literature. We show that reduced-form measures that do not account for these features are subject to economically significant false discovery biases. The result is stronger for low-quality funds. We propose an alternative structural methodology for conducting performance attribution in hedge funds.
Natural Resource Management in Pastoral Africa

Current research on rangeland ecology suggests that we have less to fear from pastoral land stewardship than was previously thought. On the one hand, the natural environments exploited by pastoralists are generally robust and resilient. And on the other hand, pastoral techniques of land management are not as dysfunctional as was once widely assumed. While regulation of pastoral activity may be necessary in specific circumstances, there no longer exists a broad scientific mandate to control or modify almost every aspect of pastoral land use in order to preserve the environment.
Can businesses move beyond efficiency? The shift toward effectiveness and equity in the corporate sustainability debate

The aim of this paper is to articulate to a wider practitioner and academic audience the value and importance of moving the sustainable business agenda beyond the notion of eco- and socio-efficiency. This in itself is not a new development in the sustainable business literature. What are emerging are integrated models of corporate sustainability that link together the six criteria that a sustainable business will need to satisfy, namely eco-efficiency, socio-efficiency, eco-effectiveness, socioeffectiveness, sufficiency and ecological equity. At this stage these new models of corporate sustainability need further theoretical development, taking corporate sustainability beyond the business case (eco-efficiency) towards an integrated approach that links in the social and natural cases. A new model for sustainable entrepreneurship is presented and discussed in the context of a social entrepreneur case study. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Audit Fees, Non-Audit Fees and Auditor Going-Concern Reporting Decisions in the United Kingdom

The accounting profession has come under increased scrutiny over recent years about the growing number of non-audit fees received from audit clients and the possible negative impact of such fees on auditor independence. The argument advanced is that providing substantial amounts of non-audit services to clients may make it more likely that auditors concede to the wishes of the client management when difficult judgments are made. Such concerns are particularly salient in the case of reporting decisions related to going-concern uncertainties for financially stressed clients. This study empirically examines audit reports provided to financially stressed companies in the United Kingdom and the magnitude of audit and non-audit service fees paid to the company's auditors. We find that the magnitude of both audit fees and non-audit fees are significantly associated with the issuance of a going-concern modified audit opinion. In particular, financially stressed companies with high audit fees are more likely to receive a going-concern modified audit opinion, whereas companies with high non-audit fees are less likely to receive a going-concern modified audit opinion. Additional analyses indicate that the results are generally robust across alternative model and variable specifications. Overall, evidence supports the contention that high non-audit fees have a detrimental effect on going-concern reporting judgments for financially stressed U.K. companies.
Public research, innovation and RD Science funding restrictions and the corporate R&D landscape in the cell therapy field

We find that firms in science-intensive industries are more likely to initiate novel R&D projects and that projects that are initiated are less likely to fail when the funding outlook for public research is better. The context of our study is the development of the corporate R&D landscape in the global cell therapy industry across four periods that were distinctive in terms of the outlook for relevant public research. Analysing our unique dataset on 633 commercial product development projects in the cell therapy field from 1989 until 2011, we find lower R&D project initiation rates and higher failure rates for US firms in the aftermath of the announcement in 2001 of a federal funding moratorium on specific types human embryotic stem cell research. Our findings advance scholarship on dynamics governing R&D in science-intensive industries, in which innovation is organized in inter-organizational networks that encompass academic institutions.
High commitment management practices re-examined: The case of Indian call centres

Considerable debate exists in the West about the effectiveness of high commitment management (HCM) practices in reducing the negative features associated with work in mass-production call centres. This debate has been glossed over the Indian context. Addressing the gap by critically examining the role of HCM practices in Indian call centres, this article highlights the crucial influence of the organizational agenda and the Indian sociocultural milieu. The findings support the crossvergence thesis while confirming that HCM practices rarely undermine the organizational imperative of control. Indeed, organizational interests prevail, being manifest via the ‘sacrificial HR strategy’. Clearly, employer organizations committed to promoting employee well-being and reducing attrition need to examine issues of job design, task demands and psychological contract obligations apart from implementing HCM practices.