Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating teacher discourse: external aids to internal perspectives

The present study seeks to investigate the kind of knowledge that most has influenced four teacher-trainees’ teaching. In order to pursue the purpose of this study, representations of reality – with its focus on roles ascribed to trainees and to their students – and social relations – with its focus on the discussion of foreign language teaching principles – are examined in the light of critical discourse analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 1992) and systemic-functional grammar (HALLIDAY, 1994). The findings obtained in the analysis of ideational and interpersonal meanings indicate that the trainees, to a higher or lesser extent, picture themselves as more powerful and dominant social participants, whose roles are more active and central to the ongoing development of the lessons. When approaching foreign language teaching principles, the trainees present incoherence in reporting to hold beliefs that their discursive practices fail to corroborate. However difficult it may be to draw a clear-cut distinction between theoretical and experiential knowledge, the interpretations raised corroborate the literature in teacher education (BAILEY et al, 1996; FREEMAN, 1996a; FREEMAN, 1996b; FREEMAN; JOHNSON, 1998; FLOWERDEW, 1998) by suggesting that novice teachers tend to be influenced by experiential knowledge to a greater extent, also reiterating the contention that discourse is not only shaped by but also shapes social action (FAIRCLOUGH, 1992).
Drop Size Distribution Climatology in Cévennes-Vivarais Region, France

Mediterranean regions are prone to heavy rainfall, flash floods, and erosion issues. Drop size distribution (DSD) is a key element for studying these phenomena through the hydrological variables which can be derived from it (rainfall rates and totals, kinetic energy fluxes). This paper proposes a five-year (2012–2016) DSD climatology, summarized by scaling parameters for concentration, size, and shape. The DSD network is composed of two longitudinal transects of three OTT Parsivel optical disdrometers each, across the Mediterranean Cevennes–Vivarais region. The influence of several factors are analysed: location (distance from the sea, orographic environment), season, daily synoptic weather situation (derived from geopotential heights, at 700 and 1000 hPa), rainfall type (analysed from 5 min radar data), as well as some combinations of these factors. It was found and/or confirmed that the orographic environment, season, weather patterns associated with the exposure to low level atmospheric flows, and rainfall types influenced the microphysical processes, leading to rainfall, measured at the ground. Consequently, the DSD characteristics, as well as the relationships between the rainfall rate and reflectivity factor, are influenced by these factors.
Understanding primary care physicians' treatment of chronic low back pain: the role of physician and practice factors.

BACKGROUND An increasing number of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans experience chronic pain. Despite treatment guidelines, there is wide variation in physicians' approaches to pain treatment, and many physicians are unsure of the best treatment approach. Research has examined factors associated with opioid prescribing, but there is little information on physician characteristics that predict patterns of clinical responses to pain. OBJECTIVES To identify patterns in primary care physicians' treatment decisions for nonmalignant chronic pain, and identify physician and practice characteristics that predict treatment decision patterns. METHODS A national sample of 381 primary care physicians who responded to a mailed vignette involving a veteran with chronic low back pain (LBP) were categorized into latent classes by clinical actions taken to treat the pain. The associations between newly derived treatment patterns and physician and practice characteristics were examined with multivariate models. RESULTS Latent class analysis identified three treatment approaches: 1) Multimodal/Aggressive (14%); 2) Low Action (38%); and 3) Psychosocial/Non-Opioid (48%). In a multivariate model, treatment pattern was associated with demographic and personality factors; opioid-related attitudes, beliefs, and concerns; perceptions of the patient; availability of resources; and practice characteristics. CONCLUSIONS There may be distinct patterns in primary care physicians' responses to patients with chronic pain. Relatively few physicians use the multimodal approach endorsed by proponents of the biopsychosocial model of pain treatment. Several physician and practice characteristics predict patterns of clinical action.
Women's Opportunities and Challenges in Sub-Saharan African Job Markets

As labor market data is scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), this paper uses household survey data to analyze the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market and its welfare implications for five SSA countries in multinomial logit models with propensity score matching method. The analysis confirms that education opens up opportunities for women to escape agricultural feminization and engage in formal wage employment, but these opportunities diminish when women marry—a disadvantage increasingly relevant when countries develop and urbanization progresses. Opening a household enterprise offers women an alternative avenue to escape low-paid jobs in agriculture, but the increase in per capita income is lower than male-owned household enterprises. These findings underline that improving women’s education needs to be supported by measures to allow married women to keep their jobs in the wage sector.
Absorbing External Knowledge for Innovation Success - Does the Recipe Work?

This paper examines empirically the theoretical relationship between external knowledge and innovation success. Special emphasis is posed on the effects that arise from various types of spillovers and how these effects are influenced by firm-specific absorptive capacities. The results of the micro-econometric analysis based on German firm data on innovation suggest that firms can effectively use external R&D within their own innovation process, as long as they have access to the relevant knowledge flows and as long as they have built up sufficient absorptive capacities. Furthermore, the results stress the complementarity between own and foreign R&D. In contrast, lack of access to inter-industrial and international knowledge flows may result from informational barriers and ineffective inter-firm linkages.
From free energy measurements to thermodynamic inference in nonequilibrium small systems

Fluctuation theorems (FTs), such as theCrooks or Jarzynski equalities (JEs), have become an important tool in single-molecule biophysics where they allow experimentalists to exploit thermal fluctuations andmeasure free-energy differences fromnon-equilibriumpulling experiments. The rich phenomenology of biomolecular systems has stimulated the development of extensions to the standard FTs, to encompass different experimental situations.Here we discuss an extension of the Crooksfluctuation relation that allows the thermodynamic characterization of kineticmolecular states. This extension can be connected to the generalized JE under feedback. Finally we address the recently introduced concept of thermodynamic inference or how FTs can be used to extract the total entropy production distribution in nonequilibrium systems frompartial entropy production measurements.We discuss the significance of the concept of effective temperature in this context and showhow thermodynamic inference provides a unifying comprehensive picture in several nonequilibriumproblems.
Stages of change and the working alliance in psychotherapy

Abstract This study investigated whether the working alliance mediates between the stages of change and symptom improvement. It also investigated whether progression to a higher stage of change was associated with an enhancement in working alliance and outcome scores. Fifty-six adult clients receiving counseling at a community mental health clinic completed measures after the first, fifth, and termination sessions. Using the Baron and Kenny (1986) and bootstrapping procedures, the working alliance was found to be a mediating variable. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that clients who progressed from a lower stage to a higher stage reported stronger working alliances and more symptom improvement than those who did not progress. These results offer further support for the importance of a strong working alliance in psychotherapy.
Characterization of nuclear DNA microsatellite markers in the ant Cataglyphis cursor

The ant Cataglyphis cursor is exceptional in that unmated workers are potentially able to lay both male and female eggs. We characterized eight pairs of primers for microsatellite loci, developed from genomic DNA for this species. Variability was tested with DNA from 19 workers and all eight loci were highly polymorphic, displaying 5–10 alleles and a high level of heterozygosity. Cross-species amplifications indicate that these microsatellites might be useful in genetic studies of other species belonging to the genus Cataglyphis.
A Study on Catalysis by Ferrospinels for Preventing Atmospheric Pollution from Carbon Monoxide

Ferrospinel catalyst samples containing Nickel, Cobalt and Copper have been synthesized by room temperature co-precipitation route and have been found to be effective for the oxidative removal of carbon monoxide from automobile exhaust gases even at relatively lower temperatures (cold-start). These catalyst materials have been characterized by modern physico-chemical techniques such as XRD, TG, BET-BJH and SEM etc. Nitrogen adsorption studies shows the samples are mesoporous in nature with pore diameter of 5 - 10 nm. The catalytic efficiencies of these materials of having various compositions have been tested in a series of temperature programmed oxidation reactions involving carbon monoxide and the results discussed.
Solving Everyday Problems Creatively: The Role of Problem Construction and Personality Type

Problem construction has been determined to be an important process contributing to creative problem solving. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether problem construction plays a role in how individuals interpret ambiguous, ill-defined problems in a way that fits with their personality. We also hypothesized that solution quality and originality would be related not only to problem construction ability but also to the degree to which the solution fits the personality of the individual. Students who participated in this study (N = 195) were asked to complete measures to identify personality types, a measure of problem construction ability, and a problem-solving exercise. Solutions were rated for fit of the solution to the personality, quality, and originality. Results suggest that problem construction ability is positively related to the fit of the solution to the personality type, and that solution quality and originality are related to both problem construction and solution fit. Implications .
How does the histone code work ? 1

Patterns of histone post-translational modifications correlate with distinct chromosomal states that regulate access to DNA, leading to the histone-code hypothesis. However, it is not clear how modification of flexible histone tails leads to changes in nucleosome dynamics and, thus, chromatin structure. The recent discovery that, like the flexible histone tails, the structured globular domain of the nucleosome core particle is also extensively modified adds a new and exciting dimension to the histone-code hypothesis, and calls for the re-examination of current models for the epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure. Here, we review these findings and other recent studies that suggest the structured globular domain of the nucleosome core particle plays a key role regulating chromatin dynamics.
A Talbot–Lau X-Ray Deflectometer as a High-Energy Density Plasma Diagnostic

We present the development and advancement of the Talbot-Lau X-ray deflectometry (TXD) single-image phase-retrieval technique, for high-energy density (HED) plasma diagnostics. The Talbot-Lau interferometer has been benchmarked as an electron density diagnostic for low-Z objects (Z <; 13) at the X-ray energies of 8 and 17 keV. A laser driven X-ray backlighter was used at the multi-tera watt laser facility in order to obtain electron density measurements. We measured X-ray refraction and retrieved sharp and smooth density gradients with source-limited spatial resolution. Since TXD can use extended, incoherent, line, or continuum X-ray sources, a wide range of X-ray backlighters can be used, driven from laser or pulsed power systems. Laboratory results indicate potential for simultaneous retrieval of: electron density maps through refraction and attenuation, material mixing through elemental composition, and instabilities through scatter images. Experiments using a 17-keV backlighter to characterize a planar shock are planned to test the TXD technique on an HED plasma environment.
Pulse Temporal Splitting in Photon Counting X-Ray Detectors

We performed Monte-Carlo simulations of X-ray interactions and charge transport within a photon counting cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector. We study various physical processes affecting the width and shape of detected pulses and find that the energy resolution depends on the pulse width variance. One impact factor (and main topic of this work) is the temporal splitting of pulses due to the simultaneous creation of two or more charge clouds by K-fluorescence within the same pixel. Measured energies are underestimated if the timing constants of detector and electronics are below or in the order of the arrival time differences of the charge clouds. Pulse temporal splitting is of minor relevance if other effects like charge sharing or polarization by hole trapping are present which cause a stronger degradation of the pulse height spectrum.
Activity Patterns of Black-and-White Colobus Monkey (Colobus guerezacaudatus) in Rau Forest Reserve, Tanzania

This study on black-and-white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza caudatus) was conducted in Rau Forest Reserve, Moshi, Tanzania investigating overall activities and activity across age and sex groups. We used scan sampling to record overall activities. We used focal animal sampling to record activities across age and sex groups. Black-and-white colobus monkeys in Rau Forest Reserve spent much time resting (57.7%), followed by feeding (27.7%) and less time on moving (10.8%) and social activities contribute only (3.8%). Across age groups, adults spent 60.7% of their time resting while juveniles and infants spent only 50% and 46.1% respectively. Furthermore, adults spent 21% of their time feeding, followed by juveniles 27.9% and infants 16.9%. Movements were more similar across ages (10.5-13.1%). Time engaged in social activities varied strongly among ages (adults 7.8%, juveniles 10.8%, and infants 23.8%). Sexes differed slightly in their activities, most notably with females spending almost twice as much time in social activities as males (8.0% vs. 4.3%). This difference seems to be dictated by the availability of social partners. Resting time in colobus monkeys is a strategy for energy conservation, although socialization is also particularly important for infants. The study provides baseline information for the conservation of black-andwhite colobus monkey in Rau Forest Reserve since little is known and the species is locally threatened.
Epidemiology of Poisonings in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran

Background : Poisoning is a major public health problem and is one of the most common causes of referral to emergency departments. The aim of this study was to evaluate and define clinical and demographic details of poisoned patients who were admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran in 2010. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and retrospective study, necessary data were collected from medical records of admitted poisoned patients and were evaluated prospectively and statistically analyzed and presented in the form of tables and graphs. Results: Of 163 poisoned patients in this study, 47.6% were females and 52.4% were male. 88% of patients were from urban areas and the rest from rural areas. The most common reason of poisoning was suicide 50.6%, while 38.1% were accidental, and 11.3% had a variety of different reasons. Age group of 0-10 years was the most predominant affected group with 26.8% poisoned patients. The most common poisoning agents were clonazepam, acetaminophen, diazepam and methadone. Four patients in the study population died (2.4%). Conclusion: The medications are the leading causes of poisoning, especially in children. Therefore, parents are advised to keep the medicines correctly, out of sight and reach of children, read the label carefully; learn about their safety and the right way of their use. It is also recommended to immediately dispatch the poisoned child to the emergency department. Giving the crucial information about the poisoning to help the medical staff to treat the child effectively and quickly, reduce the hospitalization period, and possibility of child death.
Uniaxial Tension of a Class of Compressible Solids With Plastic Non-Normality

Motivated by a model that qualitatively captured the response of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) pillars in uniaxial compression, we consider the uniaxial tensile response of a class of compressible elastic-viscoplastic solids. In Hutchens et al. [“Analysis of Uniaxial Compression of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 59, pp. 2227–2237 (2011), Erratum 60, 1753–1756 (2012)] an elastic viscoplastic constitutive relation with plastic compressibility, plastic non-normality, and a hardening-softening-hardening hardness function was used to model experimentally obtained uniaxial compression data of cylindrical VACNT micropillars. Complex deformation modes were found in uniaxial compression, which include a sequential buckling-like collapse of the type seen in experiments. These complex deformation modes led to the overall stress-strain signature of the pillar not being of the same form as the input material hardness function. A fundamental question that motivates exploring the deformation of this class of materials—both experimentally and theoretically—is how to extract the intrinsic material response from simple tests. In this study we explore the relation between the input material response and the overall stress strain behavior in uniaxial tension using the constitutive framework of Hutchens et al. A simple one-dimensional analysis reveals the types of instability modes to be expected. Dynamic, finite deformation finite element calculations are carried out to explore the dependence of diffuse necking, localized necking, and propagating band deformation modes on characteristics of the hardness function. Attention is devoted to uncovering implications for obtaining intrinsic material properties of complex hierarchical structures; for example, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs), from uniaxial tension experiments.
The American Mayapple and its Potential for Podophyllotoxin Production

Podophyllotoxin is the starting material for the semi-synthesis of the anti-cancer drugs etoposide, teniposideand etopophos. These compounds have been used for the treatment of lung and testicular cancers as well ascertain leukemias. It is also the precursor to a new derivative CPH 82 that is being tested for rheumatoidarthritis in Europe, and it is the precursor to other derivatives used for the treatment of psoriasis and malaria.Several podophyllotoxin preparations are on the market for dermatological use to treat genital warts. Sincethe total synthesis of podophyllotoxin is an expensive process, availability of the compound from natural re-newable resources is an important issue for pharmaceutical companies that manufacture these drugs.Currently, the commercial source of podophyllotoxin is the rhizomes and roots of
Factorial Typology and AccentualFaithfulness

In many languages, the stress pattern of a complex word resembles the stress of its morphological base or another related word. I refer to this phenomenon as accentual faithfulness (cf. Alderete 1999). A classic example comes from the English word originality, which resembles the accentual profile of its immediate subconstituent original (cf. monomorphemic words like Mediterranean). This paper addresses the following question: what types of constraints evaluate accentual faithfulness? I explore this question through the analysis of stress-morphology interactions in a large group of Pama-Nyungan and other Australian Aboriginal languages. I discuss two types of possible analyses: base-driven approaches, which acknowledge the role of a morphological base to which the derivative is faithful (e.g. Kenstowicz 1998, Steriade 2013) and alignment-based approaches, in which these interactions are due to constraints governing the alignment of metrical constituents with respect to morpheme boundaries (e.g. Crowhurst 1994, McCarthy & Prince 1994, Kager 1997, Berry 1998, Pensalfini 1999; see also Poser 1989). Both analyses account for the typology of Australian stressmorphology interactions, but their predictions regarding the broader typology diverge significantly. In §2 I present a new base-driven analysis of several Australian languages, drawing on work by Kenstowicz (1998) and Steriade (2013). I discuss the results of a factorial typology based on the proposed constraint set, and show that it accurately characterizes the broader typology of accentual faithfulness. §3 presents an alignment-based analysis of the same languages (based on work by Crowhurst 1994, Kager 1997, Berry 1998, Pensalfini 1999, etc.), and discusses the results of Alderete's (2009) factorial typologies for alignment-based approaches to Australian stress. I show that the basedriven approach, but not the alignment-based approach, makes accurately restrictive predictions regarding the broader typology of accentual faithfulness.
Chemical Analysis of Agave Sisalana Juice For Its Possible Utilization

Agave sisalana Perrine (family: Agavaceae), popularly known as Sisal is a commercially used fibre yielding plant. This herbaceous plant occupies sixth place among fibre plants, representing 2% of the world’s production of plant fibre. Approximately 240.7 tonnes of sisal is globally produced. Sisal industry in India is largely unorganised. Sisal is mainly grown in arid and semi-arid regions across the various states in the country. Processing of the sisal leaves for fibre production generates vast quantity of juice which remains underutilized and thus can have negative environmental impact from its disposal. Research programmes driven by societal demand, aiming at evaluation of the agricultural / forestry byproducts in possible value-added applications, have increased significantly during the last decade. The chemical analysis of the juice was undertaken to find its possible utilization. The contents of water, ash, crude protein, total soluble sugars and inulin were determined. The potential of the juice for production of inulin was revealed. Inulin is widely used in functional foods for its health promoting properties. Storage of the juice at 4o C showed a considerable reduction in the inulin content and therefore, the use of fresh juice was suggested.