Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of alveolar bone loss in the assessment of periodontal treatment priorities.

The main objective of this series of investigations was to develop a model to assess periodontal treatment priorities based on the amount of remaining alveolar bone support. To obtain proper data to generate this model, a cross-sectional and a longitudinal investigation of periodontal disease were undertaken. On radiographs from 531 subjects aged 25-75 years, assessments of alveolar bone level (ABL), i.e. the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the most coronal level of the alveolar bone support, were performed at the approximal surfaces of all present teeth A small proportion of the sample (11%) showed advanced alveolar bone loss (mean ABL greater than or equal to 6 mm). An ABL of greater than or equal to 6 mm was found in 13% of the tooth sites examined. The severity of alveolar bone loss was more pronounced in the maxilla than in the mandible. Incisors showed the highest and molars the lowest frequency of advanced alveolar bone loss. The assessments of ABL were repeated on radiographs taken 10 years later from 194 of the subjects. An average longitudinal tooth loss of 3.8 teeth/subject was noted. Differences in alveolar bone height were calculated. It was observed that 7% of the subjects and 10% of the tooth sites had experienced advanced additional loss of alveolar bone. The mean annual alveolar bone loss varied between 0.07-0.14 mm in ages between 25 and 65 years. 70 year old subjects showed the most pronounced rate of additional bone loss (0.28 mm/year). A subsequent clinical examination revealed an overall high degree of agreement between the radiographic and the probing attachment level determinations. In 92% of the tooth sites with measurable ABL and probing attachment loss the difference between the two assessments was within 2 mm. However, the agreement became poorer with increasing severity of periodontal tissue breakdown. The data on the longitudinal alveolar bone level changes generated age- and tooth type specific "critical" bone loss limits. These described amounts of bone loss beyond which therapeutic intervention must be performed in order to secure proper function of the teeth throughout life. A random sample of 192 industrial employees was examined radiographically and clinically. When traditional criteria were employed to assess the periodontal treatment needs, 100% of the subjects and 70% of the approximal tooth sites examined required therapy. Bleeding on probing together with the described alveolar bone loss limits identified the 40% of the subjects and the 2.5% of the tooth sites which should be given priority with respect to periodontal therapy.
Mitochondrial and Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Diversity of Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Abstract Understanding genetic variation among populations of medically significant pest insects is important in studying insecticide resistance and insect dispersal. The bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), is widespread hematophagus insect pest around the world, including North America, and it has recently been identified as an emerging resurgent pest. To date, no studies have been conducted on genetic variation of this species. For this study, 136 adult bed bugs representing 22 sampled populations from nine U.S. states, Canada, and Australia were subjected to genetic analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and sequence a region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S rRNA gene and a portion of the nuclear rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region. For the 397-bp 16S marker, a 12 nucleotide sites in total were polymorphic, and 19 unique haplotypes were observed. Heterozygosity was observed within many of the sampled populations for the mtDNA marker. This suggests that bed bug populations did not undergo a genetic bottleneck as one would expect from insecticide control during the 1940s and 1950s, but instead, that populations may have been maintained on other hosts such as birds and bats. In contrast to the high amount of heterozygosity observed with the mitochondrial DNA marker, no genetic variation in the 589-bp nuclear rRNA marker was observed. This suggests increased gene flow of previously isolated bed bug populations in the United States, and given the absence of barriers to gene flow, the spread of insecticide resistance may be rapid.
Post‐marathon Paradox in IDDM: Unchanged Insulin Sensitivity in Spite of Glycogen Depletion

Acute physical exercise usually enhances insulin sensitivity. We examined the effect of a competitive 42 km marathon run on glucose uptake and lipid oxidation in 7 runners with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), aged 36 ± 3 yr, BMI 23.9 ± 0.5 kg m−2, VO2 max 46 ± 1 ml kg−1 min−1, HbA1c 7.7 ± 0.3 %, duration of diabetes 16 ± 5 yr, runtime 3 h 47 ± 8 min. On the marathon day, they reduced pre‐race insulin doses by 26 ± 8 %, and ingested 130 ± 33 g carbohydrate before, 91 ± 26 g during, and 115 ± 20 g after the race. During the run, blood glucose concentration fell from 14.4 ± 2.0 to 7.4 ± 3.0 mmol l−1 (p < 0.05) and serum insulin from 51 ± 8 to 33 ± 8 pmol l−1 (p < 0.05). Serum NEFA increased by 4‐fold (p < 0.05), but fell to the normal level by next morning. Muscle glycogen content was 56 % lower (p < 0.05) and glycogen synthase fractional activity 40 % greater (p < 0.05) in the morning after the marathon as compared to the resting control day. In spite of glycogen depletion, whole body glucose disposal (euglycaemic insulin clamp) was unchanged, while glucose oxidation (indirect calorimetry) was decreased by 49 % (p < 0.05) and lipid oxidation increased by 41 % (p < 0.01). There was an inverse correlation between the rates of lipid oxidation and glucose uptake after the marathon (r = −0.75; p < 0.05). In conclusion: after successfully managed marathon running in patients with IDDM, insulin sensitivity was not increased in spite of low glycogen content and enhanced glycogen synthase activity after marathon, probably because of increased lipid oxidation. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in China: Trends, Context, and Impact on Company Performance

This study analyzes the trends, context, and impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives on company’s performance and productivity in China. We use environmental and social responsibility data in 34,000 CSR projects released by 839 companies in 31 provinces from 2006 to 2016. Clustering methods as wells as ordinary least squares and the fixed effects panel regression modeling are performed to provide insights on the context, trends, and impact of CSR projects on companies’ productivity and financial outcomes. Results of data processing and modeling indicate that: (a) most projects focused on improving companies’ environmental sustainability (compared to social); (b) implementation of both environmental and social projects had positive impacts on companies’ performance; and (c) trends, context, and impact of the projects varied with time, company type, and location (provinces). In addition, data suggest that companies operating in regions with lower economic conditions (GDP per capita) seem to be less motivated to implement environmental and social sustainability projects compared to those operating in regions with higher economic conditions. This study is meaningful for both companies that consider adopting CSR initiatives, as well as stakeholders and managers who aim to promote sustainable development in China.
Relations between birth weight and hip bone strength indices in a group of adolescent girls.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the relations between birth weight and hip bone strength indices in a group of adolescent girls. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 26 adolescent girls (153 +/- 2.9 years old). Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Birth weights were obtained from obstetric records. Body composition and BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To evaluate bone geometry, DXA scans were analyzed at the femoral neck (FN), the intertrochanteric (IT) region and the femoral shaft (FS) by the Hip Structure Analysis (HSA) program. Cross sectional area (CSA), an index of axial compression strength, cross sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), an index of structural rigidity and section modulus (Z), an index of bending strength, were measured from bone mass profiles. Birth weight was positively correlated to CSA, CSMI and Z of the three sites (FN, IT and FS). However, the positive associations between birth weight and HSA variables disappeared after controlling for body weight. CONCLUSION In this population, the positive associations between birth weight and hip bone strength indices disappear after controlling for body weight.
Insulin Signaling: Lessons from the Drosophila Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, a Tumor Suppressor

The genes that encode the proteins composing the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are tumor suppressors. Experiments in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster have provided insight into the identity of these genes and their functions in regulating cell size and proliferation. Montagne et al. describe the various genetic interactions that show TSC to be a regulator of the insulin signaling pathway and a regulator of progression through the cell cycle, which explains its effects on cell size and tissue and tumor growth.
The Shrinking Anthropoid Nose, the Human Vomeronasal Organ, and the Language of Anatomical Reduction

Humans and most of our closest extant relatives, the anthropoids, are notable for their reduced “snout. ” The striking reduction in facial projection is only a superficial similarity. All anthropoids, including those with long faces (e.g., baboons), have lost numerous internal projections (turbinals) and spaces (recesses). In sum, this equates to the loss of certain regions of olfactory mucosa in anthropoids. In addition, an accessory olfactory organ, the vomeronasal organ, is non‐functional or even absent in all catarrhine primates (humans, apes, monkeys). In this commentary, we revisit the concept of anatomical reductions as it pertains to the anthropoid nasal region. Certain nasal structures and spaces in anthropoids exhibit well‐known attributes of other known vestiges, such as variability in form or number. The cupular recess (a vestige of the olfactory recess) and some rudimentary ethmoturbinals constitute reduced structures that presumably were fully functional in our ancestors. Humans and at least some apes retain a vestige that is bereft of chemosensory function (while in catarrhine monkeys it is completely absent). However, the function of the vomeronasal system also includes prenatal roles, which may be common to most or all mammals. Notably, neurons migrate to the brain along vomeronasal and terminal nerve axons during embryogenesis. The time‐specific role of the VNO raises the possibility that our concept of functional reduction is too static. The vomeronasal system of humans and other catarrhine primates appears to qualify as a “chronological” vestige, one which fulfills part of its function during ontogeny, and then becomes lost or vestigial. Anat Rec, 297:2196–2204, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing Mechanistic and Organic Structure in Health Care Organizations

Managers at all levels in a health care organization must organize work to achieve the organization’s mission and goals. This requires managers to decide the organization structure, which involves dividing the work among jobs and departments and then coordinating them all toward the common purpose. Organization structure, which is reflected in an organization chart, may range on a continuum from very mechanistic to very organic. Managers must decide how mechanistic versus how organic to make the entire organization and each of its departments. To do this, managers should carefully consider 5 factors for the organization and for each individual department: external environment, goals, work production, size, and culture. Some factors may push toward more mechanistic structure, whereas others may push in the opposite direction toward more organic structure. Practical advice can help managers at all levels design appropriate structure for their departments and organization.
Forecasting Equity Index Volatility: Empirical Evidence from Japan, UK and USA Data

Using non-linear models to forecast volatility for three equity index samples, this study examines weekly returns of three indices; Dow Jones Industrial index, FTSE 100 index, and Nikkei 225 index. The sample covers a twenty year sample period. The study employs an in sample and out of sample volatility forecast using standard symmetric loss functions in order to identify an appropriate model that best forecast volatility. Using the mean error (ME), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), the study finds the EGARCH model to outperform the ARCH, and GARCH model in forecasting volatility.
mTOR Inhibition and Clinical Transplantation: Liver

Abstract The evidence base concerning use of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor therapy after liver transplantation is evolving rapidly, clarifying their benefits and disadvantages in different clinical scenarios. The H2304 trial showed that starting everolimus at 1 month posttransplant, with reduced tacrolimus, achieves a sustained improvement in renal function versus standard tacrolimus-based therapy, with at least equivalent immunosuppressive efficacy. Randomized studies evaluating early discontinuation of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) therapy after introduction of an mTOR inhibitor consistently demonstrated a substantial improvement in renal function versus standard CNI therapy. However, concomitant mycophenolic acid is advisable to avoid an increase in mild biopsy-proven acute rejection, and induction with an interleukin-2 receptor antagonist may also be helpful. High-quality robust data regarding prevention of posttransplant malignancies under mTOR inhibitors is lacking in liver transplantation, although there are some indications of benefit. In maintenance patients, robust data are limited regarding mTOR inhibitor initiation in response to deteriorating renal function or other indications but late conversion (>1 year) appears ineffective. Rates of mTOR inhibitor discontinuation due to adverse events are high, affecting at least a quarter of patients. In conclusion, the evidence base for use of mTOR inhibitors early posttransplant to support CNI reduction now convincingly demonstrates a renal advantage, but adequate adjunctive immunosuppression is essential to preserve efficacy.
Computational approaches to the determination of active site structures and reaction mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysts

We apply quantum chemical methods to the study of active site structures and reaction mechanisms in mesoporous silica and metal oxide catalysts. Our approach is based on the use of both molecular cluster and embedded cluster (QM/MM) techniques, where the active site and molecular complex are described using density functional theory (DFT) and the embedding matrix simulated by shell model potentials. We consider three case studies: alkene epoxidation over the microporous TS-1 catalyst; methanol synthesis on ZnO and Cu/ZnO and C–H bond activation over Li-doped MgO.
RELATIVE FITNESS OF SELFED AND OUTCROSSED PROGENY IN A SELF‐COMPATIBLE, PROTANDROUS SPECIES, SABATIA ANGULARIS L. (GENTIANACEAE): A COMPARISON IN THREE ENVIRONMENTS

The consequences of selfing were examined for a population of self‐compatible, protandrous, Sabatia angularis L. (Gentianaceae). Field‐collected plants were hand‐pollinated in the greenhouse to produce selfed progeny and outcrossed progeny from parents separated by a maximum of 5 m (near‐outcross) and 85 m (far‐outcross) in the field. Self, near‐outcross, and far‐outcross half sib progeny were grown in the greenhouse, a garden plot, and their native habitat. Progeny were compared by multiplicative fitness functions based on seed production per hand‐pollination, seed germination, rosette formation, survival to reproduction, and reproduction in each environment. Variation in reproduction among progeny groups was influenced by the environment in which they were grown. Significant inbreeding depression was detected between the self and far‐outcross progeny in each environment. Only the natural environment demonstrated a greater than 50% reduction in relative fitness of self compared to near‐outcross progeny. This is of biological relevance since near‐outcross hand‐pollinations occurred within the range of pollen and seed dispersal suggesting that inbreeding depression in S. angularis is strong enough to maintain outcrossing in the study population. In the field, the far‐outcross progeny outperformed the near‐outcross progeny suggesting local population substructure. The magnitude of the inbreeding depression expressed among the self progeny was the greatest in the field, intermediate in the garden plot, and the least in the greenhouse.
To Trust or Not to Trust? Consumer Responses to Cause-Related Marketing

Abstract The purpose of this study is to understand if company trustworthiness and the type of cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns (strategic vs. tactical) affect purchase intention and company image of a yogurt producer, under the control of socially responsible consumer behavior, general trust, income, attitude toward the CRM campaign, and initial company image. The study applies a quantitative (experimentation) research to test the proposed model. MANCOVA was applied with data obtained from 600 respondents who were selected by a two-stage cluster sampling method. The research model is partially supported. Company trustworthiness and CRM type are found to affect only company image and without any interaction effect. Being a highly trustworthy company applying a CRM campaign has more positive influence on company image than a less trustworthy one. Additionally, a strategic CRM campaign creates more positive influence on company image than a tactical one. The findings are further deliberated with the managers of the two selected companies with focus group discussions.
How do new music genres emerge? Diversification processes in symbolic knowledge bases

ABSTRACT Using data on the emergence of music genres from 1970 to 2015, this paper examines the relative importance of related and unrelated diversification processes for symbolic knowledge creation. Modelling 33 urban music scenes from Northern America and Europe as network-based symbolic knowledge bases allows for the testing of whether new genres are related or unrelated to pre-existing knowledge bases. The results show that new music genres spawn mainly from local knowledge sources in the centre of music scenes. However, symbolic knowledge creation rarely happens without contributions of extra-local knowledge. These unrelated diversification processes are grounded in the anchoring of trends and fashions originating elsewhere.
Aberrant methylation of the negative regulators RASSFIA, SHP‐1 and SOCS‐1 in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia

Mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK/RAS) signalling pathway frequently provide a proliferative signal in myeloid malignancies. However, the role of RASSF1A, SHP‐1 and SOCS‐1, negative regulators of RTK/RAS signalling, has not been extensively investigated in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This study employed methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (MS‐PCR) to determine if aberrant promotor methylation of RASSF1A, SHP‐1 and SOCS‐1 is involved in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies. Patients with MDS (n = 107), AML (n = 154) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML, n = 5) were investigated, together with 15 normal controls. Primers were located in the promotor region of each gene as well as within exon 2 of SOCS‐1. Methylation of RASSF1A was found in five of 55 (9%) MDS cases, but not in any of 57 AML cases studied. RASSF1A methylation was present in one case (20%) of JMML. SHP‐1 methylation was present in 13 of 121 (11%) AML cases but was not found in MDS or JMML. SOCS‐1 promoter methylation was present in eight of 74 (11%) MDS patients but was not seen in JMML or AML. Importantly, RAS mutations and RASSF1A and SOCS‐1 methylation were mutually exclusive indicating that approximately 30% of MDS cases had a defect of the RTK/RAS pathway and its negative regulation. Finally, SOCS‐1 exon 2 methylation may not be pathogenetically relevant, since it was detected in samples from normal individuals and did not correlate with promotor methylation.
Effect of surfactant on respiratory failure associated with thoracic aneurysm surgery.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of surfactant administration on the left lung after surgical repair of descending aortic aneurysms on postoperative respiratory failure. DESIGN Randomized, prospective, controlled study. SETTING Clinical investigation. PATIENTS Eleven patients with respiratory failure associated with thoracic aneurysm surgery. INTERVENTION Eleven adult patients with acute respiratory failure (PaO2/FIO2 <300 torr [<40 kPa]) after surgical repair of descending aortic aneurysms. The artificial surfactant (30 mg/kg) was given to the operated side of the lung by intrabronchial instillation in six patients (surfactant group), whereas nothing was instilled in the other five patients (control group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hemodynamic parameters, blood gas, and peak inspiratory pressure were measured at the end of surgery, before surfactant instillation, and at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hrs after surfactant instillation. At the end of surgery, the mean +/- SEM values of the PaO2/FIO2 ratio were 204 +/- 25 torr (27.2 +/- 3.3 kPa) in the surfactant group and 240 +/- 26 torr (32.0 +/- 3.5 kPa) in the control group. After 2, 6, 12, and 48 hrs, improvements in the PaO2/FIO2 ratios were observed in the surfactant group, whereas the control group showed no improvement. Two hours after surfactant instillation, the mean value in the PaO2/FIO2 ratio was significantly higher in the surfactant group (318 +/- 24 torr [42.4 +/- 3.2 kPa]) (p < .05) compared with the control group values (240 +/- 34 torr [32 +/- 4.5 kPa]). CONCLUSION Surfactant administration immediately after surgery restored gas exchange in postoperative respiratory failure associated with thoracic aneurysm surgery.