Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Top Management Team Pay Dispersion: The Role of Environment and Corporate Governance

This paper explores TMT pay dispersion in lone founder firms. The scarcity of the literature on this topic provides an opportunity to study the influence of extra- and intra-organizational factors on TMT pay dispersion. Knowing that high pay dispersion hurts firm performance, it is important to understand its antecedents. Based on panel data analyses of all S&P500 firms from 2008-2013, my results demonstrate that lone founder firms exhibit less pay dispersion than other firms. It seems that when founders are present on their firms’ board of directors, the effective monitoring of firm managers makes it redundant to offer the latter high incentive pay that would fuel pay dispersion. Regarding extra-organizational factors, recession appears to increase TMT pay dispersion, particularly in lone founder firms – possibly because lone founder firms regularly use attractive pay packages to hire talent from competitors during economic downturns and thereby foster pay dispersion. Finally, high-tech industries are negatively related to pay dispersion. The complexity of managerial tasks in such industries makes it necessary to pay all (rather than some) managers relatively high compensation, limiting pay dispersion.
The Creation and Reproduction of Headquarters-Subsidiary Interdependence

The aim of this article is to analyze headquarters (HQ)-subsidiary relationships in the domain of knowledge transfer based on the perspectives of power and control and the social embeddedness of firms in different institutional contexts. Data were collected from an Israeli multinational company. The analysis included various qualitative analyses of 64 interviews with employees of HQ and the South Pacific subsidiaries and of documents and observations. HQ-subsidiary relations in the domain of knowledge transfer are based on interdependence with limited cooperation, where power is not placed within one actor or location but rather is situated on both sides. This type of relationship is maintained and reproduced via tactics of knowledge transfer and control which are applied by both sides. A main cause of such relationships is the subsidiaries’ dual identification. On the one hand, Asian subsidiaries are loyal to some extent to the HQ, but on the other hand, they are loyal to their customers. The originality and value of this study is that first it presents an initial step in the development of a classification of interdependent HQ-subsidiary relationships. Second, this study shows which factors generate these relationships and how these relationships are reproduced, demonstrating that in the analysis of HQ-subsidiary relations, issues of power cannot be disconnected from the multinational context. Third, this study views organizational knowledge transfer as a form of business communication situated in broader cultural contexts. It contributes to the limited research that analyzes the coexisting of diverse organizing practices, and forms of business communication, which became prevalent in our global society.
A microbiological study of polyarthritis in slaughter pigs.

Arthritic joints obtained from 50 freshly slaughtered pig carcasses condemned for polyarthritis were studied microbiologically. A routine technique was developed for aseptically opening joints to obtain material for microbiological examination. A standard series of culture media for the primary isolation of arthritogenic agents were used in the examination of each affected joint. The microbiological study cultured for isolation of the following microorganisms: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp. , Haemophilus spp. , Mycoplasma spp. , Salmonella spp. , Chlamydia, and viruses.E. rhusiopathiae was found to be responsible for 48% of the cases of arthritis and Streptococcus spp. , C. pyogenes and S. aureus for 20%, 4%, and 2% respectively; no microorganisms were cultured from 26% of the arthritic joints.
Salmonella serotypes isolated from minced meat beef, mutton and pork in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Une etude transversale a ete menee pour determiner la prevalence et la distribution des serotypes de Salmonella dans la viande de boeuf hachee, le mouton et le porc dans les supermarches a Addis Abeba,Ethiopie. Au total, 300 echantillons (160 de boeuf hache, 85 de mouton et 55 de porc) ont ete collectes entre novembre 2002 et avril 2003. Sur les 300 echantillons de viande examines, 44 (14.7%) etaient positifs vis-a-vis de Salmonella. Salmonella a ete detectee dans 14.4% (23/160) des echantillons de viande de boeuf hachee, 14.1% (12/85) des echantillons de mouton et 16.4% (9/55) des echantillons de porc. Sur les 24 supermarches faisant l'objet de la presente etude, Salmonella a ete isolee dans des echantillons preleves dans 16 (66.7%) des etablissements. Sur les 44 echantillons positifs, neuf serotypes differents de Salmonella ont ete identifies. Le serotype dominant etait S. Infantis (36.4%) suivi de S. Braenderup (29.5%), S. Anatum (9.1%) et S. Bovismorbificans (9.1%). Parmi les autres serotypes de Salmonella isoles figuraient S. Vejle, S. Dublin, S. Saintpaul, Salmonella 1: 8:20:- et Salmonella 1: 47:z4:z23. Salmonella Infantis et S. Braenderup ont ete isoles a partir d'echantillons de boeuf hache, de mouton et de porc, tandis que S. Dublin et S. Saintpaul ont uniquement ete isoles a partir d'echantillons de boeuf hache. Les resultats de la presente etude indiquent que Salmonella est largement presente dans les echantillons de boeuf hache, de mouton et de porc preleves dans les supermarches d'Addis Abeba, Ethiopie. Une cuisson adequate de la viande avant consommation devrait etre realisee, et l'hygiene a tous les stades de la production de viande, de la ferme a l'assiette, devrait etre amelioree afin d'assurer l'absence de danger de la viande et des produits carnes pour la consommation humaine.
Patterns of early change and their relationship to outcome and early treatment termination in patients with panic disorder.

OBJECTIVE Recently, innovative statistical tools have been used to model patterns of change in psychological treatments. These tools can detect patterns of change in patient progress early in treatment and allow for the prediction of treatment outcomes and treatment length. METHOD We used growth mixture modeling to identify different latent classes of early change in patients with panic disorder (N = 326) who underwent a manualized cognitive-behavioral treatment. RESULTS Four latent subgroups were identified, showing clusters of change trajectories over the first 5 sessions. One of the subgroups consisted of patients whose symptoms rapidly decreased and also showed the best outcomes. This information improved treatment prediction by 16.1% over patient intake characteristics. Early change patterns also significantly predicted patients' early treatment termination. Patient intake characteristics that significantly predicted class membership included functional impairment and separation anxiety. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that early treatment changes are uniquely predictive of treatment outcome.
Allergies to fruits and vegetables

Allergic reactions to fruits and vegetables are frequently observed in older children and adolescents. They can result from a primary sensitization to food allergens or from a primary sensitization to inhalant allergens such as pollens or latex. In the case of fruit allergies, the stability of the allergens involved is crucial to the sensitization pathway and in the clinical presentation of the food allergy. Two patients allergic to fruits are presented and discussed in the light of the allergens involved. Patient 1 was a 14 yr‐old girl with a grass and olive pollen allergy who developed oropharyngeal symptoms typical of the oral allergy syndrome (OAS) with multiple fruits from taxonomically unrelated families, and who was sensitized to profilin. Patient 2 was an 8 yr‐old girl, with no pollen allergies, who developed systemic reactions to peach and apple, and who was sensitized to non‐specific lipid transfer proteins (LTP). Profilins are labile allergens present in pollens and foods, and sensitization occurs through the respiratory route to pollen profilin. The cross‐reactive IgE antibodies generated can elicit local reactions in the oropharyngeal mucosa (OAS) when exposed to fruit profilins. In contrast, LTPs are a family of stable allergens that resist thermal treatment and enzymatic digestion, and can thus behave as true food allergens inducing primary (non‐pollen related) sensitizations and triggering systemic reactions. These two cases represent two distinct patterns of sensitization and clinical expression of fruit allergies that are determined by the panallergens involved (LTPs and profilins) and their intrinsic physicochemical properties. Additionally, these two cases also show the improved diagnostic value of Component Resolved Diagnosis, and strengthen its utility in the routine diagnosis and management of patients.
Fc‐engineered EGF‐R antibodies mediate improved antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against KRAS‐mutated tumor cells

Oncogenic mutations of the KRAS gene have emerged as a common mechanism of resistance against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R)‐directed tumor therapy. Mutated KRAS leads to ligand‐independent activation of signaling pathways downstream of EGF‐R. Thereby, direct effector mechanisms of EGF‐R antibodies, such as blockade of ligand binding and inhibition of signaling, are bypassed. Thus, a humanized variant of the approved EGF‐R antibody Cetuximab inhibited growth of wild‐type KRAS‐expressing A431 cells, but did not inhibit KRAS‐mutated A549 tumor cells. We then investigated whether killing of tumor cells harboring mutated KRAS can be improved by enhancing antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Protein‐ and glyco‐engineering of antibodies’ Fc region are established technologies to enhance ADCC by increasing antibodies’ affinity to activating Fcγ receptors. Thus, EGF‐R antibody variants with increased affinity for the natural killer (NK) cell‐expressed FcγRIIIa (CD16) were generated and analyzed. These variants triggered significantly enhanced mononuclear cell (MNC)‐mediated killing of KRAS‐mutated tumor cells compared to wild‐type antibodies. Additionally, cells transfected with mutated KRAS were killed as effectively by ADCC as vector‐transfected control cells. Together, these data demonstrate that KRAS mutations are not sufficient to render tumor cells resistant to ADCC. Consequently Fc‐engineered EGF‐R antibodies may prove effective against KRAS‐mutated tumors, which are not susceptible to signaling inhibition by EGF‐R antibodies.
Qualitative and quantitative changes in acetylcholine receptor distribution at the neuromuscular junction following free muscle transfer

The qualitative and quantitative changes in acetylcholine receptor distribution were studied in the gracilis muscle of the Wistar rat following free neurovascular transfer. Even at 30 weeks after transfer, the morphology of the neuromuscular junction failed to return to the presurgical state. The number of acetylcholine receptors at the reinnervated neuromuscular junction also remained lower than the control. The persistent weakness following free neurovascular muscle transfer may be attributed to these qualitative and quantitative changes at the neuromuscular junction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Multimodal Cues Drive Host-Plant Assessment in Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri)

ABSTRACT Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) transmits the causal agent of Huanglongbing, a devastating disease of citrus trees. In this study we measured behavioral responses of D. citri to combinations of visual, olfactory, and gustatory stimuli in test arenas. Stimuli were presented to the psyllids in droplets or lines of an emulsified wax formulation in two different arena types in no-choice tests. First, when placed on a colored ring situated halfway between the center and perimeter of a petri dish, D. citri spent more time on yellow versus gray rings; however, this response disappeared when either gray or yellow wax droplets were applied. When the psyllids were presented with droplets scented with terpenes, the response to both scent and color was increased. The addition of a dilute (≈0.1 M) sucrose solution to the wax droplets increased the magnitude of D. citri responses. Next, groups of D. citri were placed on plastic laboratory film covering a sucrose solution, to mimic a leaf surface. Test stimuli were presented via two ‘midribs’ made from lines of emulsified wax formulation. Probing levels were measured as a function of color saturation and scent composition, and concentration. The test scents were based on qualitatively major volatiles emitted by Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle, and C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck. The highest probing response was observed on the middle concentration (20-µl scent/10 ml wax formulation) of the C. aurantifolia-scented wax lines. Results indicate that there are interactive effects between the different sensory modalities in directing host-plant assessment behavior.
Effect of Surface Waves on Air–Sea Momentum Exchange. Part II: Behavior of Drag Coefficient under Tropical Cyclones

Abstract Present parameterizations of air–sea momentum flux at high wind speed, including hurricane wind forcing, are based on extrapolation from field measurements in much weaker wind regimes. They predict monotonic increase of drag coefficient (Cd) with wind speed. Under hurricane wind forcing, the present numerical experiments using a coupled ocean wave and wave boundary layer model show that Cd at extreme wind speeds strongly depends on the wave field. Higher, longer, and more developed waves in the right-front quadrant of the storm produce higher sea drag; lower, shorter, and younger waves in the rear-left quadrant produce lower sea drag. Hurricane intensity, translation speed, as well as the asymmetry of wind forcing are major factors that determine the spatial distribution of Cd. At high winds above 30 m s−1, the present model predicts a significant reduction of Cd and an overall tendency to level off and even decrease with wind speed. This tendency is consistent with recent observational, experime.
Lung Adenocarcinoma: Modification of the 2004 WHO Mixed Subtype to Include the Major Histologic Subtype Suggests Correlations Between Papillary and Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma Subtypes, EGFR Mutations and Gene Expression Analysis

The histologic heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma creates a variety of complex challenges to pathologists in analyzing the various subtypes. Current classification schemas do not take into account the major subtype. We analyzed 100 cases for clinical, pathologic, and molecular features using a modification of the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification to record the major component in the mixed subtype tumors. The tumors were analyzed for KRAS mutation and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by mutation, chromogenic in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry for EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR. Gene expression analysis was performed using HG-U133A Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays revealing 3 gene clusters. The most common major histologic subtype was papillary (37%) followed by acinar (30%), solid (25%) and bronchioloalveolar (7%) carcinoma (BAC), although no pure BACs were seen. Sixteen tumors harbored EGFR mutations and 14 KRAS mutations. Papillary adenocarcinoma strongly correlated with EGFR mutation (P<0.001) and gene profile Cluster 1 (P=0.006) with weaker correlations with low grade (P=0.038) and favorable behavior in Stage 1 patients (P=0.047). Micropapillary subtype correlated strongly with EGFR mutation (P<0.001) and weakly with Cluster 1 (P=0.030). Solid adenocarcinoma strongly correlated with gene profile Cluster 3 (P=0.001) and worse survival (P=0.001). BAC as a major component strongly correlated with gene Cluster 2 (P=0.001). Cluster 1 correlated strongly with less smoking (P<0.001), papillary histology (P<0.001), and EGFR mutations (P<0.001). Cluster 3 strongly correlated with heavier smoking (P<0.001), larger tumor size (P<0.001), solid subtype (P<0.001), and poor grade (P=0.004); weak correlations were found with KRAS mutation (P=0.025). No correlation was found with BAC and EGFR by mutation, chromogenic in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry. Higher stage (P<0.001), grade (P<0.001), and solid subtype (P=0.001) correlated with shorter survival. Our data suggest that EGFR mutations are associated with papillary adenocarcinoma and gene profile Cluster 1. We discovered this only because we used a comprehensive approach examining in detail all histologic subtypes and we modified the 2004 WHO mixed subtype to include the major histologic subtype. As we do not know the major genetic pathways of 30% to 70% of lung adenocarcinomas, the comprehensive histologic subtyping we propose gives advantage for recognition of unanticipated histologic-genetic correlations that might not be detected using classification systems that focus primarily on specific aspects of adenocarcinomas such as BAC or EGFR mutations. Such an approach should be considered in future studies for validation in other datasets.
Market Segmentation and Limits to Arbitrage under Negative Interest Rates: Evidence from the Bank of Japan’s QQE

This paper decomposes the bond yield into the segmentation factor using Japan’s unique dataset. For controlling the channel of future expectation and the term premium, we take advantage of the government guaranteed bond, which is the identical asset as the government bond except the liquidity and has not institutionally affected by the demand of BOJ, and extends Krishnamurthy et al. (2015) model for capturing the liquidity factor explicitly. Our result shows the market has segmented during the time when the government bond yield turns negative although the segmentation factor is considerably small during the normal time.
Low-Level Laser Therapy: An Experimental Design for Wound Management: A Case-Controlled Study in Rabbit Model

Background: There is a wide array of articles in medical literature for and against the laser effect on wound healing but without discrete effect determination or conclusion. This experimental study aims to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy on wound healing. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four rabbits were randomly enrolled in two groups after creating a full thickness of 3 × 3 cm wound. The intervention group received low density laser exposure (4 J/cm2) on days 0, 3 and 6 with diode helium-neon low-intensity laser device (wl = 808 nm) and in control group moist wound dressing applied. Finally, wound-healing process was evaluated by both gross and pathological assessment. Results: Fibrin formation was the same in the two groups (P = 0.4) but epithelialisation was much more in laser group (P = 0.02). Wound inflammation of the laser group was smaller than that of the control groups but statistical significance was not shown (P = 0.09). Although more smooth muscle actin was found in the wounds of the laser group but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.3). Wound diameter showed significant decrease in wound area in laser group (P = 0.003). Conclusion: According to our study, it seems that low-level laser therapy accelerates wound healing at least in some phases of healing process. So, we can conclude that our study also shows some hopes for low level laser therapy effect on wound healing at least in animal model.
Water and salt movement in soil driven by crop roots: a controlled column study

Water deficit and salt accumulation in soil presents serious problems to crop production in semi-arid regions. These problems depend on the active transpiration stream and the selective absorption of ions by crop roots. In this study, a large sized soil column system was used to examine the dynamics of water and ion transport and salt accumulation in soil layers. Special reference was placed on the effects of the active and selective absorption by roots of different crops (i.e., corn plants, sunflower plants and no plants). The column system was equipped with on-line systems for the control of groundwater level. Soil water content sensors enabled time-course evaluations of the volumetric water content and hence upward flux of the groundwater in the soils at different depths. Furthermore, the distribution and accumulation of ions in soil layers, plant organs and xylem sap were analyzed using ion chromatography. In this column experiment, diurnal and longer term changes in water movement and ion accumulation in soil, affected by root absorption characteristics of plants, were evaluated quantitatively. The results demonstrated that the column system was applicable for the quantitative analysis of the effects of root absorption by different crops on water deficit and salinization in soils.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF OCULAR SURFACE BACTERIAL FLORA

Background: Post operative intraocular infection (endophthalmitis) is a rare but devastating complication. The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of ocular surface bacterial flora isolated preoperatively from patients undergoing intraocular surgery. Materials and methods: In a prospective study, 269 patients scheduled for anterior segment surgeries, were enrolled, for whom lid and conjunctival cultures were obtained on the day of surgery before application of povidone – iodine or antibiotic drops. Bacterial isolates were identified and tested for antibiotics susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer discdiffusion technique. Results: Of 269 studied eyes, 127(47.2%) were male. In 101 (37.5%) cases bacterial growth was positive. Isolated bacteria in order of frequency were coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) (90.0%), coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) (4%), diphteroid (3%), gram negative bacillus (2%) and streptococci (1%). Totally, 95% of coagulase negative staphylococci were susceptible to vancomycin, amikacin and gentamicin. Less than 70% of isolated CNS were sensitive to ceftriaxon, tetracyelin, erythromycin, oxacillin, cotrimaxazole, and penicillin. Conclusion: Preoperative ocular surface isolates of CNS seems to be most sensitive to vancomycin, amikacin and gentamicin. Thus, preoperative application of these medications into ocular surface is suggested.
The long term results of open antireflux surgery in a community-based health care center

OBJECTIVES:There is no previous study concerning long term results of open Nissen fundoplication performed by general surgeons in a nonspecialized unit.METHODS:Of 45 consecutive patients in a general provincial center, 39 were available for follow-up after a mean period of 78 months. All patients were interviewed using a standard questionnaire, and 35 of them consented to undergo endoscopy.RESULTS:Of the patients, 85% had no or only mild reflux symptoms. The figures for dysphagia, flatulence, and bloating were 31%, 67%, and 46%, respectively. Endoscopy showed defective fundic wrap in 37% of the patients and erosive esophagitis in 29%. Five patients (13%) with recurrent esophagitis were referred for H2-blocker or omeprazole medication, and five others (13%) were scheduled for repeat antireflux surgery.CONCLUSIONS:The results were somewhat worse in regard to prevalence of defective fundic wrap and recurrent esophagitis than in other reports, which were from specialized units.
Technical report from Automatic Control at Linköpings universitet On the Multivariate t Distribution

This technical report summarizes a number of results for the multivariate t distribution which can exhibit heavier tails than the Gaussian distribution. It is shown how t random variables can be generated, the probability density function (pdf) is derived, and marginal and conditional densities of partitioned t random vectors are presented. Moreover, a brief comparison with the multivariate Gaussian distribution is provided. The derivations of several results are given in an extensive appendix.