Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal association between internalized HIV stigma and antiretroviral therapy adherence for women living with HIV: the mediating role of depression

Objective: We investigated whether internalized HIV-related stigma predicts adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) longitudinally in women living with HIV in the United States, and whether depression symptoms mediate the relationship between internalized stigma and suboptimal ART adherence. Design: Observational longitudinal study utilizing data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort. Methods: A measure of internalized HIV-related stigma was added to the battery of Women's Interagency HIV Study measures in 2013. For current analyses, participants’ first assessment of internalized HIV-related stigma and assessments of other variables at that time were used as baseline measures (Time one or T1, visit occurring in 2013/14), with outcomes measured approximately 2 years later (T3, 2015/16; n = 914). A measure of depression symptoms, assessed approximately 18 months after the baseline (T2, 2014/15), was used in mediation analyses (n = 862). Results: Higher internalized HIV-related stigma at T1 predicted lower odds of optimal ART adherence at T3 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.61, P = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [0.45, 0.82]). Results were similar when ART adherence at T1 was added as a control variable. Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of internalized HIV stigma at T1 on ART adherence at T3 through depression symptoms at T2 (while controlling for depression symptoms and ART adherence at T1; B = −0.05, SE = 0.03, 95% confidence interval [−0.11, −0.006]). Conclusion: These results provide strong longitudinal support for the hypothesis that internalized HIV-related stigma results in suboptimal ART adherence in a large sample of women living with HIV in the United States, working through the pathway of increased depression symptoms.
Identification and Pathogenicity of Pythium on Soybean in North Dakota.

The oomycete Pythium comprises one of the most important groups of seedling pathogens affecting soybean. There has been limited research on Pythium spp. pathogenic on soybean in the northern Great Plains. The objectives of this research were to isolate and identify Pythium spp. infecting soybean in North Dakota and to test their pathogenicity. Identification of Pythium spp. was achieved using molecular techniques and morphological features. A total of 26 known Pythium spp. and three unknown species were recovered from soybean seedling roots collected from 125 fields between 2011 and 2012. In 2011, the three most abundant species isolated were P. ultimum, Pythium sp. (unknown; GenBank HQ643777.1), and P. heterothallicum, representing 21, 16, and 12% of 2,675 isolates, respectively. More species and isolates were obtained in 2011, a wet and cool year, compared with 2012, which was dry and warm. The majority of Pythium spp. caused pre-emergence damping-off on soybean with less than 50% emergence in a 2-week test using infested soil at 23°C. In contrast, in the presence of P. orthogonon, P. nunn, or P. rostratifingens there was approximately 80% or greater emergence and most plants survived for several weeks, although lesions were observed on roots. Mortierella spp. , a zygomycete, was commonly isolated along with Pythium spp. in 2012, but not in 2011. This is the first report of P. kashmirense, P. minus, P. periilum, P. rostratifingens, P. terrestris, P. viniferum, and P. violae as pathogens of soybean seedlings. In addition, this is the first report of P. kashmirense, P. viniferum, and P. terrestris in the United States.
Intrinsically disordered proteins in synaptic vesicle trafficking and release

The past few years have resulted in an increased awareness and recognition of the prevalence and roles of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs and IDRs, respectively) in synaptic vesicle trafficking and exocytosis and in overall synaptic organization. IDPs and IDRs constitute a class of proteins and protein regions that lack stable tertiary structure, but nevertheless retain biological function. Their significance in processes such as cell signaling is now well accepted, but their pervasiveness and importance in other areas of biology are not as widely appreciated. Here, we review the prevalence and functional roles of IDPs and IDRs associated with the release and recycling of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals, as well as with the architecture of these terminals. We hope to promote awareness, especially among neuroscientists, of the importance of this class of proteins in these critical pathways and structures. The examples discussed illustrate some of the ways in which the structural flexibility conferred by intrinsic protein disorder can be functionally advantageous in the context of cellular trafficking and synaptic function.
Anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI induces human neutrophils to generate NETs by relying on ROS

Neutrophils participate in the regulation of pathogens by phagocytosis as well as by generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Antiphospholipid antibodies, particularly those targeting beta‐2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI), stimulate monocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells with prothrombotic participation. This study aimed to explore NET generation in response to anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI. A series of experiments involving the separation of primary human leukocytes, NETosis quantification using propidium iodide, exploration of NETosis by fluorescence microscopy, western blotting, examination of free Zn2+ using FluoZin‐3, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) examination with dihydrorhodamine 123 were performed in this study. We found that anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI triggered NETosis, resembling phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐induced NETosis in magnitude and morphology. The anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex in isolation stimulated NETs without relying on p38, protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) 1/2, and zinc signals. NET generation was unaffected by the NADPH oxidase suppressor DP1. The anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex stimulated ROS generation without relying on NADPH oxidase, which may participate in NET generation triggered via the anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex. In summary, our results indicate that the anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex reinforced NET generation by relying on ROS.
Tanshinone IIA protects lens epithelial cells from H2O
2‐induced injury by upregulation of lncRNA ANRIL

Tanshinone IIA is a lipophilic diterpene extracted from the Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, possessing antiapoptotic and antioxidant activities. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Tanshinone IIA on age‐related nuclear cataract. Human lens epithelial cell line SRA01/04 was subjected to H 2O 2 to mimic a cell model of cataract. Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, flow cytometer, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection were performed to evaluate the effect of Tanshinone IIA pretreatment on SRA01/04 cells injured by H 2O 2. Besides, the real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL). Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of core proteins involved in cell survival and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway. H 2O 2 significantly decreased SRA01/04 cells viability, whereas increased apoptosis and ROS generation. This phenomenon was coupled with the upregulated p53, p21, Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, and the downregulated cyclinD1, CDK4, and Bcl‐2. Tanshinone IIA pretreatment protected SRA01/04 cells against H 2O 2‐induced injury. In the meantime, the expression of lncRNA ANRIL was upregulated by Tanshinone IIA. And, the protective effects of Tanshinone IIA on H 2O 2‐stimulated SRA01/04 cells were abolished when lncRNA ANRIL was silenced. Moreover, the elevated expression of lncRNA ANRIL induced by Tanshinone IIA was abolished by BAY 11‐7082 (an inhibitor of NF‐κB). To conclude, Tanshinone IIA protects SRA01/04 cells from apoptosis triggered by H 2O 2. Tanshinone IIA confers its protective effects possibly via modulation of NF‐κB signaling and thereby elevating the expression of lncRNA ANRIL.
Assessment of the Energy Potential of Chicken Manure in Poland

Animal waste, including chicken manure, is a category of biomass considered for application in the energy industry. Poland is leading poultry producer in Europe, with a chicken population assessed at over 176 million animals. This paper aims to determine the theoretical and technical energy potential of chicken manure in Poland. The volume of chicken manure was assessed as 4.49 million tons per year considering three particular poultry rearing systems. The physicochemical properties of examined manure specimens indicate considerable conformity with the data reported in the literature. The results of proximate and ultimate analyses confirm a considerable effect of the rearing system on the energy parameters of the manure. The heating value of the chicken manure was calculated for the high moisture material in the condition as received from the farms. The value of annual theoretical energy potential in Poland was found to be equal to around 40.38 PJ. Annual technical potential of chicken biomass determined for four different energy conversion paths occurred significantly smaller then theoretical and has the value from 9.01 PJ to 27.3 PJ. The bigger energy degradation was found for heat and electricity production via anaerobic digestion path, while fluidized bed combustion occurred the most efficient scenario.
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in lung inflammation and carcinogenesis: Friends or foes?

The lung tissue expresses the cholinergic system including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) which included in many physiologic and pathologic processes. Mounting evidence revealed that these receptors have important roles in lung carcinogenesis via modulating either stimulatory or inhibitory signaling pathways. Among different members of nicotinic receptors family, alpha7‐subtype of nAChR (α7nAChR) is a critical mediator involved in both inflammatory responses and cancers. Several studies have shown that this receptor is the most powerful regulator of responses that stimulate lung cancer processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inhibition of apoptosis. Moreover, aside from its roles in the regulation of cancer pathways, there is growing evidence indicating that α7nAChR has profound impacts on lung inflammation through the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway. Regarding such diverse effects as well as the critical roles of nicotine as an activator of α7nAChR on lung cancer pathogenesis, its modulation has emerged as a promising target for drug developments. In this review, we aim to highlight the detrimental as well as the possible beneficial influences of α7nAChR downstream signaling cascades in the control of lung inflammation and cancer‐associated properties. Consequently, by considering the significant global burden of lung cancer, delineating the complex influences of α7 receptors would be of great interest in designing novel anticancer and anti‐inflammatory strategies for the patients suffering from lung cancer.
Postoperative high-sensitivity troponin T as a predictor of sudden cardiac arrest in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Background The usefulness of high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) as a predictor of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in patients undergoing valve surgery is currently unknown. Methods A prospective study was conducted on a group of 815 consecutive patients with significant valvular heart disease that underwent elective valve surgery. The primary end-point was postoperative SCA. Results The postoperative SCA occurred in 26 patients. At multivariate analysis of hs-TnT measured immediately after surgery (hs-TnT I) and age remained independent predictors of the primary end-point. Conclusions Elevated postoperative hs-TnT was associated with a higher risk of postoperative SCA.
Reproductive Health for Teens: Parents Want In Too

Abstract A mixed method approach explored teens’ preferred source of information on sex and reproductive health. Parents’ concerns about and perceived barriers to providing reproductive health information to their teens were also explored. Data were gathered from an online survey of 347 teens and three focus groups comprising parents of teens from three Massachusetts communities. Most teens expressed their desire for parents to be one of their primary sources of information (85%). Most parents believed that sexual education should start at home, yet many have not communicated such information. Parents expressed difficulty in staying up-to-date and felt uncomfortable communicating with their teens. Parent perception of supporting factors included a good parent–child relationship and beginning the discussions at a young age. There is a need for culturally sensitive and innovative interventions aimed at creating a safe place for parents to gain knowledge, resources, and strategies to talk to their teens about sex and reproductive health.
Cycling at Altitude: Lower Absolute Power Output as the Main Cause of Lower Gross Efficiency.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of altitude on GE at the same relative exercise intensity and the same absolute power output (PO). Additionally, we sought to determine the effect of altitude on the change in GE during high-intensity exercise. METHODS: Twenty-one trained males performed three maximal incremental tests and five GE-tests, at sea level, 1500 m and 2500 m of acute simulated altitude. The GE-tests at altitude were performed once at the same relative exercise intensity and once at the same absolute PO as at sea level. RESULTS: Altitude resulted in an unclear effect at 1500 m (-3.8%; ±90% CL 3.3%) and most likely negative effect at 2500 m (-6.3%; ±1.7%) on pre-GE, when determined at the same relative exercise intensity. When pre-GE was determined at the same absolute PO unclear differences in GE were found (-1.5%; ±2.6% at 1500 m, -1.7%; ±2.4% at 2500 m). The effect of altitude on the decrease in GE during high-intensity exercise was unclear when determined at the same relative exercise intensity (-0.4%; ±2.8% at 1500 m, -0.7%; ±1.9% at 2500 m). When GE was determined at the same absolute PO, altitude resulted in a substantially smaller decrease in GE (2.8%; ±2.4% at 1500 m, 5.5%; ±2.9% at 2500 m). CONCLUSIONS: The lower GE found at altitude, when exercise is performed at the same relative exercise intensity, is mainly caused by the lower PO at which cyclists exercise.
The influence of change-oriented leadership on work performance and job satisfaction in hospitals - the mediating roles of learning demands and job involvement.

PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanisms through which change-oriented leadership in hospitals influences job performance and employee job satisfaction. The authors examine the direct and the mediating effects of perceived learning demands and job involvement. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This cross-sectional study is based on a survey of four public hospitals in a regional health authority in Norway. FINDINGS The findings illustrate how change-oriented leadership directly and indirectly influences work performance and job satisfaction. Learning demands and job involvement play mediating roles. Higher levels of change-oriented leadership decrease learning demands and increase job involvement, work performance and job satisfaction. Learning demands have a negative influence on work performance and job satisfaction. Job involvement has a positive influence on work performance and job satisfaction. The strongest relationship in the structural modelling is between change-oriented leadership and job involvement. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS This study is based on cross-sectional data. Future studies should therefore explore this further using a longitudinal design. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The practical implication of the study is to show how leaders by change-oriented behaviour can influence work performance and job satisfaction by reducing learning demands and increasing job involvement. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS This study illustrates different paths towards influencing job performance and job satisfaction from change-oriented leadership. It is important to use the potential of reducing learning demands and increasing job involvement, to improve job performance and job satisfaction. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The authors have developed and validated a new theoretical mediational model explaining variance in job performance and job satisfaction, and how this is related to change-oriented leadership, job involvement and learning demands. This knowledge can be used to increase the probability of successful change initiatives.
The mediating role of inclusive leadership: Work engagement and innovative behaviour among Chinese head nurses.

AIM This study investigated the relationship between work engagement and inclusive leadership in Chinese hospital head nurses. Besides, it explored the effect of the mediating role of inclusive leadership in the relationship between work engagement and innovative behaviour among Chinese hospital head nurses. BACKGROUND Head nurses are essential in the group of registered nurses who are to pass the Chinese licensure examination for nurses. Their work engagement and innovative behaviour are beneficial to improve the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of nursing services. However, little is known about the mediating role of inclusive leadership in the relationship between work engagement and innovative behaviour. METHODS In April 2018, a total of 374 Chinese head nurses were surveyed with a Work Engagement Scale, an Inclusive Leadership Scale and an Innovative Behavior Scale. Because the data were normally distributed in our study, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to conduct the correlation analysis of study variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors of innovative behaviour. Model 4 of Hayes's (2013) PROCESS macro and Bootstrap method was used to examine the mediating role of inclusive leadership. RESULT Inclusive leadership was significantly and positively correlated to innovative behaviour and work engagement (p < 0.01). Moreover, work engagement was correlated with innovative behaviour (p < 0.01). In addition, hospital level, publishing papers, work engagement and inclusive leadership were the factors of head nurses' innovative behaviour (p < 0.01). Inclusive leadership partially mediated the relationship between work engagement and innovative behaviour, accordingly. CONCLUSION Work engagement affects innovative behaviour among Chinese head nurses, and inclusive leadership is a mediator in the relationship. We should take measures to improve the leaders' level of inclusive leadership, in order to strengthen head nurses' innovative behaviour. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT According to the results of the study, the leaders of head nurses should pay attention to improve head nurses' innovative behaviour, inclusive leadership, work engagement, and the quality and competitiveness of nursing.
Quality of Life of Pakistani Children with β-Thalassemia Major

Abstract Compromised quality of life (QoL) has been reported in individuals suffering from β-thalassemia major (β-TM) in Pakistan. However, insufficient data of its associated psychosocial, physical and other disease-related determinants is available. In an observational analytical study, 200 subjects aged between 5-25 years, were examined using a transfusion-dependent QoL (TranQoL) questionnaire. Clinical records and other related data were also gathered from transfusion center databases. The TranQoL mean score was 48.33 ± 5.6, ranging from 53.86 ± 13.6 for family functioning and support domain to 39.70 ± 18.4 for school and career functioning domain. Age, income, education, pre transfusion hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin level, pain, death due to β-thal, monetary issues and pain were significantly associated with TranQoL scores. It was not only the clinical conditions but life alterations, social relationship and psychological events also loomed in improvement of treatment outcomes. Therefore, a tetra-cone of patient, school representatives, family and physicians are needed for better patient prospective.
SKYPE HYPNOTHERAPY FOR IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: Effectiveness and Comparison with Face-to-Face Treatment

Abstract Gut-focused hypnotherapy is an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome but is not widely available. This study assessed whether providing hypnotherapy by Skype might partially overcome this problem. Using a 50-point or more reduction in the IBS Symptom Severity Score as the primary outcome measure, 65% of subjects responded to Skype hypnotherapy with all other outcomes significantly improving. The primary outcome figure for face-to-face hypnotherapy was 76%. When other outcome scores for Skype and face-to-face treatment were compared, the mean changes were these: symptom severity (−94.1 vs. −129.2), noncolonic score (−52.3 vs. −64.8), quality of life (+56.4 vs. +66.2), anxiety (−3.3 vs. −3.0), depression (−1.7 vs. −2.5), and a 30% or more pain reduction (44% vs. 62%). Skype hypnotherapy is effective but slightly less so than face-to-face treatment. However, many patients would have been unable to access treatment without the Skype option.
Prevention of eating disorders: 2018 in review

ABSTRACT This article reviews the 10 prevention-related publications in Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention during 2018. Two models frame this analysis. This first is the Mental Health Intervention Spectrum from health promotion → types of prevention → case identification and referral → treatment (recovery). The second parses the phases of prevention into rationale, theory, and methodology → clarification of risk factors, including very high risk, shading into warning signs → implications for specific preventive interventions → design innovation and feasibility (pilot) research → efficacy and effectiveness research → program dissemination. Collectively, the articles illustrate how complex and demanding the field of prevention is, with respect to, for example, phases of program development, the multidimensional ecology of interventions, and methodological requirements for demonstrating that a program deserves to be designated “evidence-based. ” A subset of the articles also illustrates how far the increasingly broad and dynamic field of prevention has advanced. Examples include models of eating disorder development in high-risk populations such as people with type 1 diabetes; prevention programming for young children; and after-school preventive interventions that combine dissonance-based lessons with empowering participation in community advocacy and activism.