Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Negative Polarity and Concord Marking in Natural Language Reasoning

For better or for worse, most of the large body of research on natural lan­ guage semantics done in the past two decades has employed semantic (model­ theoretic) methods but has ignored deduction. Of course, deductive and se­ mantic analysis of the same ' logic' have long been viewed as intrinsically com­ plementary methods by logicians, for well-known reasons. It is also a truism that humans do not carry anything analogous to infinite sets of possible worlds or situations around in their heads, so the study of deduction-inferential relations based on syntactic properties of some kind of "representations" of denotations-are potentially of relevance to the psychology of language and to computational processing of meaning in a way that model-theoretic semantics alone is not . The construction of deductive systems is sometimes said to involve "making certain semantic distinctions visible in the syntax" , i . e . as syntactic properties that deductive rules can be made sensitive to. For example, consider the typed lambda calculus; though our semantics comprehends all possible operations of types (t, t) and ( ( t , t ) , t) ( i .e. truth-functions) already, it is only by allowing de­ ductive rules to single out "', 1\, V, -, etc. syntactically that we can formulate the deductive rules of the propositional calculus. But exactly which semantic distinctions are relevant? Many alternatives are possible, depending on our goals, and many semantic distinctions do not seem to be of broad relevance for any goal (e.g. that between different individ­ ual predicates, like horse vs. cow ) . From the beginnings of the history of logic ( and particularly with Leibniz) , up through the recent past (the generative semanticists ) , and present , one pervasive goal has been the construction of a NATURAL LOGIC , one which permits the description of the most important common and important inferences of natural language, in terms of syntac­ tic forms which have as much formal similarity to natural language sentences as possible ( and/or as much justification as abstract "logical forms" in an
IR-Tree Implementation using Index Document Search Method

—Given a geographic question that's composed of question keywords and a location, a geographic programmed retrieves documents that area unit the foremost textually and spatially relevant to the question keywords and therefore the location, severally, and ranks the retrieved documents consistent with their joint matter and spacial relevances to the question. the shortage of Associate in Nursing economical index that may at the same time handle each the matter and spacial aspects of the documents makes existing geographic search engines inefficient in respondent geographic queries. during this paper, we have a tendency to propose Associate in Nursing economical index, referred to as IR-tree, that in conjunction with a top-k document search algorithm facilitates four major tasks in document searches, namely, 1) spacial filtering, 2) matter filtering, 3) connexion computation, and 4) document ranking in an exceedingly absolutely integrated manner. additionally, IR-tree permits searches to adopt totally different weights on matter and spacial connexion of documents at the runtime and therefore caters for a good kind of applications. a group of comprehensive experiments over a good vary of eventualities has been conducted and therefore the experiment results demonstrate that IR-tree outperforms the state-of-the art approaches for geographic document searches
The kalman-levy filter and heavy-tailed models for tracking manoeuvring targets

The assumption of Gaussian system and measurement noise models has been standard practice for target tracking algorithm development for many years. For problems involving manoeuvring targets or groups of interacting targets this is known to be an over-simplification and a potentially poor approximation. In this paper the use of heavy-tailed noise models coupled with simple dynamics is considered as a means of capturing the non-Gaussian behaviour of targets. A recently published approximate technique called the Kalman-Levyfilter is used for track maintenance. Performance of a heavy-tailed sysrem model implemented via the Kalman-levy filter is compared against an IUM for hvo sample trajectories taken from a benchmark problem.
PERBEDAAN KOMPRES HANGAT DAN KOMPRES BAWANG MERAH TERHADAP PENURUNAN SUHU TUBUH ANAK DENGAN DEMAM

Demam adalah kenaikan suhu tubuh di atas normal. Bila diukur pada rektal >38°C (100,4°F), diukur pada oral >37,8°C, dan bila diukur melalui aksila >37,2°C (99°F). Pengaturan suhu tubuh pada manusia dapat dibantu dengan cara kompres. Kompres hangat mudah dilakukan, tidak memerlukan biaya besar, dan memungkinkan pasien atau keluarga tidak terlalu tergantung pada obat antipiretik. Kompres bawang merah mudah dijangkau masyarakat, baik harga maupun ketersediaannya. Tujuan penelitian adalah membuktikan perbedaan penurunan suhu tubuh anak dengan demam antara kompres hangat dan kompres bawang merah. Menggunakan desain penelitian Quasi Experimentdengan pendekatanPretest-Postest. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 34 anak dengan demam di Puskesmas I Kembaran Purwokerto. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok kompres hangat rerata penurunan suhu sebesar 0,976 o C (S.D ± 0,3270) sedangkan pada kelompok kompres bawang merah rerata penurunan suhu sebesar 1,106 o C (S.D ± 0,3699). Perbedaan rerata penurunan suhu antara kedua kelompok sebesar 0,1294 o C (95% CI -0,3733 – 0,1145). Hasil Uji t tidak berpasangan diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,288 (ρ> 0,05). Kesimpulannya tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata selisih suhu yang bermakna antara kelompok kompres hangat dengan kelompok kompres bawang merah, namun pemberian kompres bawang merah lebih cepat mencapai suhu normal dibanding dengan pemberian kompres hangat.
Discovering Statistics Using SPSS

Hot on the heels of the 3rd edition of Andy Field's award-winning Discovering Statistics Using SPSS comes this brand new version for students using SAS(R). Andy has teamed up with a co-author, Jeremy Miles, to adapt the book with all the most up-to-date commands and programming language from SAS(R) 9.2. If you're using SAS(R), this is the only book on statistics that you will need! The book provides a comprehensive collection of statistical methods, tests and procedures, covering everything you're likely to need to know for your course, all presented in Andy's accessible and humourous writing style. Suitable for those new to statistics as well as students on intermediate and more advanced courses, the book walks students through from basic to advanced level concepts, all the while reinforcing knowledge through the use of SAS(R). A 'cast of characters' supports the learning process throughout the book, from providing tips on how to enter data in SAS(R) properly to testing knowledge covered in chapters interactively, and 'real world' and invented examples illustrate the concepts and make the techniques come alive. The book's companion website (see link above) provides students with a wide range of invented and real published research datasets. Lecturers can find multiple choice questions and PowerPoint slides for each chapter to support their teaching.
Investigating a Theoretical Framework for E-book Technology Acceptance

Nowadays, the schools pay attention to use the technology, which is still in growing. Electronic book or (e-book) technology becomes as an important tool in learning to help the school children in their learning. Although A few schools have adopted the e-book technology in Malaysia, consequently this research purpose is to provide more investigation to the literature review of e-book technology acceptance and adoption in Malaysian schools. This study introduces a new integration of Child Computer Interaction (CCI) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to address the adoption and acceptance of e-book technology by school children at schools in Malaysia. This study discusses and explains the key idea of by what method to formulate a theoretical framework of technology acceptance. In the theoretical framework, the main constructs that are expected to influence behaviour intention use of e-book at Malaysian schools will be proposed and discussed. Therefore, it is hoped that this study has presented some insights and directions for future research to demonstrate the relationship existing in our new proposed research theoretical framework where the schools by paying attention may take an action in order to achieve a better e-book technology adoption and acceptance decision making
A Strategic Planning Process for the Multi-Campus University System:: The Role of One Campus and Its Library

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the strategic planning process as it was adapted by the multi-campus system of the University of Colorado with a close look at its application at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs campus and the campus library. This overview will provide a picture of the application of planning techniques through the various administrative tiers of the university. And will place library strategic planning in its proper perspective: planning for a subunit of a multi-part organization responding to an external environment.
Application of wavelet multiresolution analysis for classification of faults on transmission lines

This paper presents a new method for classification of faults based on wavelet multiresolution analysis (MRA). Daubechies eight (D-8) wavelet transforms of the three phase currents on a transmission line fed from both ends are used. The summations of the 3rd level output of MRA detail signals of current in each phase extracted from the original signals are used as the criterion for the analysis. The effects of fault distance, fault inception angle and fault impedance are also examined. Extensive simulations are carried out to generate time domain input signal using EMTP (Microtran) on a 230 kV, 200 km long line fed from both ends and simulation results show that the proposed method is a simple, effective and robust method suitable for high impedance faults also.
Fabrication and Characteristics Study of n-Bi₂O₃/n-Si Heterojunction

This work presents the fabrication and characteristics of Bi₂O₃/Si heterojunction prepared by rapid thermal oxidation technique without any postdeposition annealing condition. The bismuth trioxide film was deposited onto monocrystalline Si and glass substrates by rapid thermal oxidation of bismuth film with aid of halogen lamp at 500 ℃/ 45 s in static air. The structural, optical and electrical properties of Bi₂O₃ film were investigated and compared with other published results. The structural investigation showed that the grown films are polycrystalline and multiphase (α-Bi₂O₃ and β-Bi₂O₃). Optical properties revealed that these films having direct optical band gap of 2.55 eV at 300 K with high transparency in visible and NIR regions. Dark and illuminated I-V, C-V, and spectral responsivity of Bi₂O₃/Si heterojunction were investigated and discussed.
Teaching Methodologies Used in Basic Marketing: An Empirical Investigation

This article describes a study of teaching methodologies and their use. Using a teaching methodology classification suggested by Henke et al. (1988), this study examines the antecedents of six teaching methodologies and how extensively each method is used by marketing instructors in their principles of marketing course. Results from the study indicated that class size, importance of teaching in the annual faculty evaluation, nonteaching endeavors of the instructor, and rank of the instructor are the primary determinants of teaching style. The study also lends support to the existence of the three instructional style typologies proposed by Roach, Johnston, and Hair Jr. (1993) and builds upon their findings.
Signal Processing and Optimization for Transceiver Systems

Presenting the first complete treatment of MIMO transceiver optimization, this self-contained book provides all the mathematical information needed to understand transceiver optimization in a single volume. It begins with a review of digital communication fundamentals, and then moves on to a detailed study of joint transceiver optimization, starting from simple single-input single-output channels all the way to minimum bit error rate transceivers for MIMO channels. Crucial background material is covered, such as Schur convex functions, matrix calculus, and constrained optimization, together with eight appendices providing further background material on topics such as matrix theory, random processes, and sampling theory. A final ninth appendix provides a grand summary of all the optimization results. With 360 illustrations, over 70 worked examples, and numerous summary tables provided to aid understanding of key concepts, this book is ideal for graduate students, practitioners, and researchers in the fields of communications and signal processing.
WP2 Deliverable 1 "Progress report of Task 1.1, Task 1.2 and Task 1.3"

This document presents the progress of WP2 Task 1.1, Task 1.2 and Task 1.3 as part of Deliverable 1. The document introduces two different methodologies (time-independent and time-varying) to define the voltage-demand relationship for residential loads in an ENWL primary substation (Task 1.2). An initial quantification of the peak reduction is provided for this primary substation and the whole ENWL area (Task 1.3). The adopted procedure to transfer DINIS-based HV network models into OpenDSS is also presented (Task 1.1).
Distributed Algorithms on Robotic Networks for Coordination in Perception Tasks

The increasing interest in multi-robot applications is motivated by the wealth of possibilities o ered by teams of robots cooperatively performing collective tasks. The e ciency and robustness of these teams goes well beyond what individual robots can do. In these scenarios, distributed strategies attract a high attention, especially in applications which are inherently distributed in space, time or functionality. These distributed schemas do not only reduce the completion time of the task due to the parallel operation, but also present a natural robustness to failures due to the redundancy. Our research is focused on distributed applications for perception tasks. Perception is of high importance in robotics, since almost all robotic applications require the robot team to interact with the environment. Then, if a robot is not able to obtain an environmental representation from others, or an a priori representation is not available, it must posses perception capabilities to sense its surroundings. Perception has been long studied for single robot systems and a lot of research has been carried out in the elds of localization, map building and exploration. Among the di erent sensors that can be used to perceive the environment, we are interested in visual perception using conventional or omnidirectional cameras. Each individual robot perceives the portion of the environment where it is operating. In order to make decisions in a coordinated way, the robots must fuse their local observations into a global map. We can distinguish between centralized and decentralized or distributed approaches. In distributed systems, all robots play the same role, and therefore the computations can be distributed among all the robots. In addition, distributed systems are naturally more robust to individual failures. We are interested in map merging solutions for robotic systems with range limited communication, and where the computations are distributed among the robots. This thesis has been focused in identifying the di erent issues that appear in distributed perception scenarios and proposing solutions to all these issues, with a special interest in robots equipped with cameras. In particular, (i) Firstly, to investigate in the visual perception for a single robot; (ii) To propose methods for fusing the visual information acquired by the robots; (iii) To address the problem of establishing correspondences between the elements observed by di erent robots; (iv) To analyze the network localization problem from relative measurements; and (v) To propose control motion strategies to improve the perception of the environment. During this thesis we have made important contributions to the eld of distributed perception: We have proposed algorithms for merging maps acquired by a robot team with limited communication in a distributed way. We have considered both the static and dynamic cases. We have considered all the topics that appear in a map merging scenario
How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking

Quantitative skills are fundamental to understanding the science core of your program. Many of these skills are also essential in understanding the scope and impact of policy measures. The primary goal of this course is to provide mathematical training in precalculus topics, probability, statistics, and calculus. You will need to demonstrate computational mastery of the early topics and conceptual mastery of the latter topics. The assignments and exams will assess your skills.
Investigating Student Teachers' Approach to Solving Applied Analytical Graphical Problems

Educating for a broad global context and developing problem-solving capacities are fundamental for living in an ever-changing global society. The ability to construct meani ng and apply knowledge in a broad context is crucial within education ' and it is the teachers responsibility to facilitate this within the subject. This focus is difficult to embrace within the traditional formal schooling structures. Students can often achieve quite well by traditional assessment measures but often have difficulty when required to use this learned knowledge in new styles of problems*, Often students pass through the entire schooling system, and perform quite well, but are unable to utilise this learned knowledge in broader contexts, It is futuie graphics educators that must establish the cultural norm. To do this an ability to apply and transfer knowledge from one context to another is crucial. With the objective of analysing the complexities of applying previous graphical knowledge to a new context, groups of student teachers were given an applied analytical task based on the geometry of the regular polyhedra to solve. Prior to the prescribed task, students were given the opportunity to develop their graphical analytical knowledge and spatial skills through the completion of a coursework portfolio based on the content of the puzzle, A visual-verbal protocol analysis, similar to Montagueet al. was employed to evaluate students' approaches to solving the puzzle and their ability to transfer previously learned knowledge and skills to a new situation as well as their ability to work collectively and communicate their ideas. The findings indicate a significant inability to transfer knowledge and skills developed in the coursework portfolio to the new applied analytical task. Despite students' high level of performance in both the portfolio, which assessed graphical knowledge, and the Purdue Spatial Visualisation Test (PSVT), which examines ability to mentally rotate three-dimensional objects, many students were unable to employ an efficient approach to solving the applied analytical task. The paper discusses some key variables relating to performance in the applied analytical task and forms the basis for further research in the area. © 2012 American Society for Engineering Education.
7-Dimethylamino-2-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-amine methanol solvatePart 11 in the series `Fused heterocyclic systems with an s-triazine ring'. For Part 10, see Dolzhenko et al. (2008)

7-Dimethylamino-2-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin5-amine crystallized with one molecule of methanol to give the title compound, C12H13N7 CH3OH. The triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine heterocyclic core is essentially planar as are both amino groups that are involved in -electron delocalization with the triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine nucleus. The methyl groups of the dimethylamino fragment are involved in the formation of weak intramolecular C—H N hydrogen bonds with the N atoms of the heterocyclic system. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N—H N hydrogen bonds between the triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine molecules. The methanol solvent molecule also participates in the formation of the crystal structure via intermolecular O— H N, N—H O and weak C—H O hydrogen bonds, linking the layers of triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine molecules.
The Calculus Curriculum in the National Study of Calculus in the U.S.A.

We describe findings of an analysis of curricular aspects related to the teaching of first-year of university calculus in the US, based on data collected as part of the Mathematical Association of America’s Characteristics of Successful Programs in College Calculus study (Bressoud, Rasmussen, Carlson, Mesa, & Pearson, 2010). The study was conducted in two phases, first via surveys and questionnaires on programs, teaching and learning of calculus, and student motivation and performance; and second via qualitative case studies of 18 institutions identified as “successful” in terms of student performance and motivation. Our analysis using Rico’s conceptualization of curriculum illustrates the stability of the calculus curriculum in spite of the reform efforts of the 90s. It also gives departments tools to propose possible more viable interventions.
A simple analysis of MIC transmission lines and discontinuities with multilayered anisotropic media

A general and simple method for analysis of the planar transmission lines and their discontinuities with multilayered anisotropic media is presented. The method is based on a quasi-static approach, using the charge simulation method and the space-domain Green's function of some fictive electrical charges. The procedure is novel from two points of view. First, an improvement of the space-domain Green's function convergence is achieved. Second, a modification of the conventional charge simulation method is made, greatly reducing the number of matching points and the corresponding matrix size. In this way, the efficiency of the procedure is improved. <<ETX>>
A SOCIAL‐PSYCHIATRIC EXAMINATION OF YOUNG FRONT‐COMBATANTS

\\’hen the German prisons and conceiitration-caiiii)s in Norway ne re opened on capitulation day, May Sth, 1945, and the se\erely tried Sorwegians returned to liberty, after having experienced German justice in mind and body, a sad procession of other Norwegians started the o1)posite way. The prisons were filled by a mixed crowd of Quislingsupporters. Quisling’s party, Nasjonal Sainling (N .S . ) , had a total of 46.901 members on the 1st of January, 1915, corresponding l o 1.66 % of the population. It was not necessary to arrest all these members. I h r i n g the first months 24,000 nien and noinen mere taken into custody, and the Norwegian Administrations of . Justice and Prisons Tvere now presented with their greatest problem in our history. This ~ o r k does not concern the solution of the problem. What is going to he recorded here is the author’s experiences as a prison medical officer, during 3 years a t Ilebu, the largest prison in Norway for traitors to the realm. Here the nuinher of prisoners reached 3,153 in . July 1915, falling slowly to about 1,000 in September 1946. The admission areas were Oslo and the surrounding counties, hut the areas were not sharply tlefined. A central hospital with 120 beds for the whole country xvas attached to the prison.