Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planet Within a Planet: Rotation of the Inner Core of Earth

The time dependence of the orientation of Earth's inner core relative to the mantle was determined using a recently discovered 10-degree tilt in the axis of symmetry of the inner core's seismic-velocity anisotropy. Two methods of analyzing travel-time variations for rays traversing the inner core, on the basis of 29 years of data from the International Seismological Centre (1964–1992), reveal that the inner core appears to rotate about 3 degrees per year faster than the mantle. An anomalous variation in inner-core orientation from 1969 to 1973 coincides in time with a sudden change (“jerk”) in the geomagnetic field.
Volume and functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage according to oral anticoagulant type

Objective: To compare intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume and clinical outcome of non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOAC)–associated ICH to warfarin-associated ICH. Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional observational study of patients with anticoagulant-associated ICH, consecutive patients with NOAC-ICH were compared to those with warfarin-ICH selected from a population of 344 patients with anticoagulant-associated ICH. ICH volume was measured by an observer blinded to clinical details. Outcome measures were ICH volume and clinical outcome adjusted for confounding factors. Results: We compared 11 patients with NOAC-ICH to 52 patients with warfarin-ICH. The median ICH volume was 2.4 mL (interquartile range [IQR] 0.3–5.4 mL) for NOAC-ICH vs 8.9 mL (IQR 4.0–21.3 mL) for warfarin-ICH (p = 0.0028). In univariate linear regression, use of warfarin (difference in cube root volume 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69 to 2.53) and lobar ICH location (compared with nonlobar ICH; difference in cube root volume 1.52; 95% CI 2.20 to 0.85) were associated with larger ICH volumes. In multivariable linear regression adjusting for confounding factors (sex, hypertension, previous ischemic stroke, white matter disease burden, and premorbid modified Rankin Scale score [mRS]), warfarin use remained independently associated with larger ICH (cube root) volumes (coefficient 0.64; 95% CI 0.24 to 1.25; p = 0.042). Ordered logistic regression showed an increased odds of a worse clinical outcome (as measured by discharge mRS) in warfarin-ICH compared with NOAC-ICH: odds ratio 4.46 (95% CI 1.10 to 18.14; p = 0.037). Conclusions: In this small prospective observational study, patients with NOAC-associated ICH had smaller ICH volumes and better clinical outcomes compared with warfarin-associated ICH.
Atrial wave detection algorithm for discovery of some rhythm abnormalities

Atrial flutter (AFL) and atrial fibrillation (AF) generate patterns in the electrocardiogram, which have some similarity to a normal P-wave. Therefore their detection is an important step of AFL/AF recognition as well as P-wave detection is for AV block identification. Many approaches to P-wave identification are based on correlation with a manually selected template. The developed method and algorithm use a universal synthesized template and apply a modified convolution for P-wave detection. In order to emphasize the true coincidences, the sample differences between the template and P-wave candidates are introduced in a denominator. Each convolution is calculated twice with a shifted template, which locates once its first term closely to the corresponding signal sample and secondly does the same with its middle term. The convolution sum is compared with adaptive threshold Tr to mark P-wave occurrences. To accelerate the computation process, the two convolutions are accomplished only if a preliminary convolution over a reduced number of samples gives an outcome higher than the decreased threshold Tr/2. Further, a rule for AF recognition is applied. The results show that missed or wrong P-wave detections are observed in a limited number of RR intervals. They do not hamper the discovery of AFL/AF arrhythmias. The algorithm can be successfully used for such cases except for prediction of paroxysmal AF. The mean delay in AF onset recognition over a 10 h recording taken from MIT-BIH-Afdb is 2.7 s. This value for AF offset is 5.5 s. As a QRS detector is a part of the P-wave detection algorithm, both of them may be applied also for AV block identification.
Assessment of the relationships among coagulopathy, hyperfibrinolysis, plasma lactate, and protein C in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum.

OBJECTIVE To relate coagulation and fibrinolysis derangements to shock severity as reflected by plasma lactate concentrations in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum (SHP) and determine the impact on transfusions. DESIGN Prospective, observational, case-control study. SETTING Three veterinary teaching hospitals. ANIMALS Twenty-eight client-owned dogs with SHP and 28 breed- and age-matched control dogs. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Blood samples for platelet counts, coagulation, and anticoagulant assays (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, antithrombin, and protein C, thromboelastography [TEG]), fibrinolysis testing (d-dimer and TEG lysis parameters with and without the addition of 50 U/mL of tissue plasminogen activator [TEG LY30 measured with the addition of 50 U/mL of tPA to the blood sample, LY3050 and TEG LY60 measured with the addition of 50 U/mL of tPA to the blood sample, LY6050 ; LY30 and LY60]), and plasma lactate as an indicator of severity of shock were collected from SHP dogs at the time of diagnosis. SHP dogs were hypocoagulable (prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, decreased TEG maximum amplitude) and hyperfibrinolytic (increased LY3050 and TEG LY6050 ) compared to controls. The severity of hypocoagulability was related to protein C activity, while the severity of hyperfibrinolysis was related to plasma lactate concentration. Among the 18 dogs discharged from the hospital, LY3050 was significantly associated with the dose of fresh frozen plasma administered, but none of the parameters were associated with the dose of red blood cells administered. CONCLUSIONS Dogs with SHP have evidence of hypocoagulability, protein C deficiency, and hyperfibrinolysis. Parameters of hyperfibrinolysis were related to plasma lactate concentrations and volume of plasma transfused during hospitalization. These derangements resemble those found in people with acute coagulopathy of trauma and shock, and activation of protein C may be a common feature to both syndromes.
The histology of the dog's lung following experimental collapse. With special reference to the nature of the alveolar lining

This study was undertaken in an effort to learn more concerning the histological structure of the alveolar walls in the mammalian lung, particularly the nature of the alveolar covering. One of us (Loosli, '35) investigated the histological features in the rabbit's lung following collapse by phrenicotomy and pneumothorzlx. A continuous cellular membrane of endodermal origin lining the collapsed air spaces of the rabbit was not demonstrated, but observations were made only for 40 days after atelectasis was achieved. The technique developed by Adams and Livingstone ('30, '31, '32) and reported in detail by Adams ('33) for producing obstructive atelectasis provided an opportunity to observe the histological changes which might occur following complete collapse of the lung of the dog over a much longer period of time.
Analysis of the Drug : H + Antiporter Family 1 ( DHA 1 ) in the hemiascomycetes yeasts

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae 12-spanner drug: H+ antiporters (DHA1) and 14spanner drug: H+ antiporters (DHA2) of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) are involved the in Multidrug/Multixenobiotic resistance (MDR/MXR) phenomenon. The aim of the present work is to reconstruct and characterize the evolution of the DHA1 genes encoded in 33 hemiascomycetes strains classified in the Saccharomycetaceae taxonomic family, (corresponding to a total of 29 yeast species). The DHA1 and DAG (DHA2, ARN, GEX) proteins encoded in the genomes of 61 additional strains, spanning more than 15 hemiascomycetous taxonomic families, were also identified and briefly analysed. The constraining and traversing of a network representing the blastp pairwise similarity relationships established between more than one million hemiascomycetous translated ORFs allowed the identification of 1382 bona fide full-size DHA1 transporters (after correction of problematic translated ORFs). The evolutionary history of the DHA1 genes encoded in the genome sequences of 33 Saccharomycetaceae strains was reconstructed by combining phylogenetic and gene neighbourhood approaches. Twenty-six DHA1 phylogenetic clusters were identified and nine DHA1 gene lineages reported in previously published studies were revised and extended. State-of-the-art methodologies on phylogeny, comparative genomics and protein evolution were used to advance the existing knowledge on the still poorly biochemically characterized DHA1 transporters, allowing obtaining new insights on how the functional diversification of these proteins is related to ancestral genomic events, such as the Whole Genome Duplication (WGD), local gene duplications and losses, Horizontal Gene Transfers (HGT) between yeast species, chromosomal rearrangements, and other genome reshaping phenomena.
Long-term attenuated electrophysiological response to errors following multiple sports concussions

This study extracted the error-related negativity (ERN) waveform component recorded from a visual–spatial attention and a visual short-term memory task to assess rigorously the long-term and cumulative effects of concussions on evaluative processes of cognitive control related to performance monitoring. This study demonstrates that, relative to control athletes, multiply concussed athletes show significant ERN amplitude reduction elicited by error generation. These cumulative effects of concussions on ERN amplitude were found in two distinct experimental paradigms designed to solicit concussion-sensitive cognitive abilities such as attention and short-term memory. This suggests that the mechanisms that contribute to the evaluation of cognitive performance may be significantly affected following multiple concussions even in low-conflict situations.
M4M chat rooms: Individual socialization and sexual autonomy

This paper uses data from twenty‐one online and in‐person qualitative interviews to examine the meaning and use of chat rooms located on men for men (M4M) websites from the perspectives of men seeking men on the Internet. This research is inspired by recent public health and social sciences literature on gay websites and chat rooms. The data indicate that these online sites help expedite learning about sex and sexuality and, for men who are shy or geographically isolated, to interact with metropolitan gay communities. There is, however, a measure of stigma associated with use of these chat rooms, particularly by men who are older or in coupled relationships. Using these data, the paper argues that M4M chat rooms play a vital role in fostering the sexual autonomy of many men who frequent these venues and that sociologists should devote more study to the complexity of online social interaction.
Assessing the Level of Aquaculture Biosecurity Regulations Compliance in Ibadan, Nigeria

In Nigeria aquaculture is a potential economic investment but different challenges resulting to numerous losses affect the final fish product and returned on investment. This paper among other things will assess the level and problems of aquaculture biosecurity regulations compliance and its limitations in Ibadan, Nigeria. It will suggest measures and propose actions plans or statute which will strengthen aquaculture through the development of aquaculture biosecurity regulations in Nigeria to meet international standard. A total of 100 cat fish farms were randomly selected and visited for questionnaire administration and 80 questionnaires were retrieved and used for data analysis from 10 0ut of 11 local governments that make up Ibadan. Farmers responses on problems of aquaculture biosecurity compliance were ranked using Likert 5-point scale and data analysed using Anova and Chi-square. The analysis shows that mortality occurrence in farms is different at ? =95% in all the local government areas while the levels of mortality in farms is the same. (P>0.05). Mortality disposal varies across the farms with (38.8%) farmers buried dead fish while 6 farms (7.5%) leave their dead fish to be consumed by other fish. But the analysis of data concludes that disposal of mortality in farms is different (P 0.05) but different (P<0.05) among local government areas. Unknown sources dominate sources of fish seed supplied for ponds stocking. Farm effluent are wrongly disposed while 3 farms (3.75%) refined their effluent, 73 farms (91.25%) discharge their effluent into nearby streams/rivers. For aquaculture to thrive and be productive in Ibadan, modern farming which demands a holistic approach must be adopted.
Response surface optimization of D(-)-lactic acid production by Lactobacillus SMI8 using corn steep liquor and yeast autolysate as an alternative nitrogen source

The production of D(-) lactic acid from Lactobacillus LMI8 sp. was studied, using 2 low-cost nitrogen sources: corn steep liquor (CSL) and yeast autolysate (YA). A central composite design was used to determine maximal lactic acid production. The surface response method was used to evaluate the results of the experiments. The assays were performed in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 mL of production medium maintained under refrigerated incubation at 200 rpm and a temperature of 37 ± 1°C for 48 h of fermentation. Lactic acid production was significantly affected by the isolated CSL as well as the interaction between CSL and YA. Maximal production of D(+) lactic acid was 41.42 g/L – a value located at the central point, which corresponded to 15 g/L of CSL and 5 g/L of YA.
Patients' estimation of overall treatment burden: why not ask the obvious?

PURPOSE We investigated the clinical validity of patients' estimation of overall treatment burden. This measure was expected to be responsive to the wide spectrum of reactions on treatment and thus less precise for specific effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS After the first chemotherapy within a randomized, double-blind trial of the prophylaxis for delayed emesis (SAKK 90/95), 249 patients documented nausea and vomiting daily for 6 days. Over the whole period, they estimated nausea/vomiting (N/V) burden and overall treatment burden by linear analog-self assessment (LASA) indicators and documented other side effects. RESULTS At day 6, the two burden indicators were moderately correlated (r = 0.58) in accordance with their different concepts. No, partial, or total control of delayed emesis (days 2 to 6) was reflected in a consistent pattern by both indicators, with a stronger and more significant effect (P <.001) on changes in N/V burden than overall treatment burden. In contrast, toxicity other than N/V, assessed independently by patients and physicians, was mainly associated with overall treatment burden. Patients who indicated at least one other side effect rated their overall burden substantially higher than those with no indication of other toxicity (P <.0001). Physician-rated toxicity had a similar effect (P <.0001). CONCLUSION A direct patient estimation of overall treatment burden by a LASA indicator may serve as an end point in clinical trials, particularly when treatments with different toxicity profiles are being compared. It is complementary to physicians' ratings of specific toxicities and a major component of patient-rated symptom checklists and quality-of-life measures.
Asbestos fibers in the general population.

We isolated uncoated asbestos fibers from the lungs of 21 urban dwellers who had fewer than 100 asbestos bodies/gram of lung, a level shown previously to be associated with environmental rather than occupational exposure to asbestos. Lack of occupational history was confirmed in 20 of the 21 patients; history of probable exposure was obtained for 1 patient. Fibers were counted, measured, and identified using a combination of electron optical morphology, diffraction, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Eighty per cent of the fibers were chrysotile (mean 130 × 103, range 12 × 103 to 680 × 103 fibers/gram wet lung) and 90% of the chrysotile was less than 5 μ long. Total amphiboles had a mean of 25 × 103 and ranged from 1.3 × 103 to 75 × 103 fibers/g; 95% were noncommercial amphiboles and two thirds were less than 5 μ long. However, 20% of the commercial fibers, amosite/crocidolite, and 20% of the anthophyllite were longer than 10 μ, a finding in accord with the types of fibers seen in asbestos bodies i.
Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the pressor response to static handgrip exercise.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A proposed mechanism for the pain-relieving properties of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is gating of impulses carried by group III and IV afferent nerve fibers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of TENS on the pressor response to static exercise, a response mediated by group III and IV muscle afferents. SUBJECTS Sixteen subjects (9 men, 7 women) with no known history of cardiovascular, neurologic, or musculoskeletal disease participated. METHODS We measured arterial pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic activity during sustained, 25% maximal handgrip exercise. Each subject performed the handgrip exercise with and without conventional TENS applied to the ipsilateral forearm and, in a separate trial, to the contralateral leg. RESULTS The sympathetically mediated pressor response to handgrip exercise was blunted when TENS was applied to the ipsilateral forearm, but not when TENS was applied to the contralateral leg. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION These data support the concept that central transmission of neural impulses traveling in group III and IV fibers can be modulated by other afferent inputs converging on the same spinal level.
Preserved skin structure of a recently found fifteenth‐century mummy in Daejeon, Korea

Recently published reports on Korea's medieval mummies have been regarded as an invaluable source for studies into the physical characteristics of medieval Koreans. However, even though the mummified tissues have been investigated histologically on various previous occasions, there are many unanswered questions relating to their tissue preservation. The aim of this study was to obtain new data on the ultramicroscopic characteristics of the mummified skin of a fifteenth‐century mummy found recently in Daejeon – one of the oldest ever found in Korea. Electron microscopy revealed that much of the epidermis had decayed; what remained of the dermis was filled with collagen fibres and melanin granules or invading bacterial spores present within the mummified epidermis. Considering the histological characteristics shared by naturally formed mummies in different parts of the world, we concluded that the ultramicroscopic patterns of the Daejeon mummy were more comparable with those naturally formed mummies than with artificially formed ones. This is the first full description of the morphological characteristics of the skin collected from this recently found medieval mummy from Daejeon, South Korea.
Comparative analysis of multiple-casualty incident triage algorithms.

STUDY OBJECTIVE We sought to retrospectively measure the accuracy of multiple-casualty incident (MCI) triage algorithms and their component physiologic variables in predicting adult patients with critical injury. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 1,144 consecutive adult patients transported by ambulance and admitted to 2 trauma centers. Association between first-recorded out-of-hospital physiologic variables and a resource-based definition of severe injury appropriate to the MCI context was determined. The association between severe injury and Triage Sieve, Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment, modified Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment, and CareFlight Triage was determined in the patient population. RESULTS Of the physiologic variables, the Motor Component of the Glasgow Coma Scale had the strongest association with severe injury, followed by systolic blood pressure. The differences between CareFlight Triage, Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment, and modified Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment were not dramatic, with sensitivities of 82% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75% to 88%), 85% (95% CI 78% to 90%), and 84% (95% CI 76% to 89%), respectively, and specificities of 96% (95% CI 94% to 97%), 86% (95% CI 84% to 88%), and 91% (95% CI 89% to 93%), respectively. Both forms of Triage Sieve were significantly poorer predictors of severe injury. CONCLUSION Of the physiologic variables used in the triage algorithms, the Motor Component of the Glasgow Coma Scale and systolic blood pressure had the strongest association with severe injury. CareFlight Triage, Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment, and modified Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment had similar sensitivities in predicting critical injury in designated trauma patients, but CareFlight Triage had better specificity. Because patients in a true mass casualty situation may not be completely comparable with designated trauma patients transported to emergency departments in routine circumstances, the best triage instrument in this study may not be the best in an actual MCI. These findings must be validated prospectively before their accuracy can be confirmed.
Cytolytic CD4+-T-Cell Clones Reactive to EBNA1 Inhibit Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B-Cell Proliferation

ABSTRACT In the absence of immune surveillance, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells generate neoplasms in vivo and transformed cell lines in vitro. In an in vitro system which modeled the first steps of in vivo immune control over posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease and lymphomas, our investigators previously demonstrated that memory CD4+ T cells reactive to EBV were necessary and sufficient to prevent proliferation of B cells newly infected by EBV (S. Nikiforow et al., J. Virol. 75:3740-3752, 2001). Here, we show that three CD4+-T-cell clones reactive to the latent EBV antigen EBNA1 also prevent the proliferation of newly infected B cells from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-matched donors, a crucial first step in the transformation process. EBNA1-reactive T-cell clones recognized B cells as early as 4 days after EBV infection through an HLA-DR-restricted interaction. They secreted Th1-type and Th2-type cytokines and lysed EBV-transformed established lymphoblastoid cell lines via a Fas/Fas ligand-dependent mechanism. Once specifically activated, they also caused bystander regression and bystander killing of non-MHC-matched EBV-infected B cells. Since EBNA1 is recognized by CD4+ T cells from nearly all EBV-seropositive individuals and evades detection by CD8+ T cells, EBNA1-reactive CD4+ T cells may control de novo expansion of B cells following EBV infection in vivo. Thus, EBNA1-reactive CD4+-T-cell clones may find use as adoptive immunotherapy against EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease and many other EBV-associated tumors.