Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The quality of treatment of eating disorders: a comparison of the therapists' and the patients' perspective.

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the quality of treatment of eating disorders (EDs) from the therapists' and patients' perspective and to compare their views. METHOD The Questionnaire for Eating Problems and Treatment (QEPT) was administered to 73 therapists working with patients with ED, to 156 current ED and 148 former ED patients. The QEPT addresses the quality of treatment of EDs. ED diagnosis was assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Answers were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. RESULTS Both therapists and patients most often mentioned focus of treatment, therapeutic alliance, and communicational skills as important aspects of the quality of treatment. However, they valued similar topics differently. Therapists valued the focus on ED symptoms and behavioral change more highly, whereas patients underscored the importance of the therapeutic relationship and addressing underlying problems. Most therapists work from a cognitive behavioral orientation, but protocol-based treatment was not found important. CONCLUSION There is an avid need for dissemination of evidence-based treatment. Therapists' and patients' views supplement current evidence-based knowledge on treatment quality of EDs. Optimal treatment of EDs will be facilitated when these three bodies of knowledge-the available evidence and the therapists' and patients' views-are integrated.
The development of measurement scale for entertainment tourism experience: a case study in Macau

ABSTRACT Tourism and entertainment industry is an important component in the world’s service sector. Entertainment tourism is receiving more attention, not only from practitioners, but also from academics. This study develops a scale to measure entertainment tourism experience in Macau from the consumers’ perspective. Entertainment tourism in this study is operationalized by Learning, Enjoyment, Escape, Refreshment, Novelty, Involvement, and Local culture. After examining the reliability of the measurement scale, this study applies factor analysis and multi-dimensional scaling to establish survey instrument. The reliability and validity of the scale are confirmed through the first- and the second-order confirmatory factor analysis. This study provides theoretical and practical implications and recommendations to entertainment stakeholders, including entertainment suppliers and government, to promote entertainment tourism practices in Macau.
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Heterogeneity in Primary and Metastatic Prostate Cancer as Defined by Cell Surface CD Profile

Cluster designation (CD) antigens are cell surface markers that can be used to identify constituent cell populations of an organ. We have previously determined the CD phenotype of normal prostate parenchymal cells (Am J Pathol 2002, 160:37–43) and are now extending this analysis to prostate cancer. Since expression of CD antigens is associated with cellular differentiation, cancer cells may differ from their normal counterpart in their CD profile. Compared with luminal secretory cells, prostate adenocarcinoma cells are frequently negative for CD10 and CD13, express increased levels of the cell activation molecule CD24, and decreased levels of the apoptosisassociated multifunctional enzyme CD38. Expression of CD57, CD63, CD75s, CD107a, CD107b, CD164, and CD166 by cancer cells is similar to that of secretory cells. Prostate basal epithelial cells do not express the CD antigens characteristic of prostate secretory cells; and the basal cell CD markers, CD29, CD44, CD49b, CD49f, CD104, and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) are not expressed by cancer cells. The preferential expression of secretory cell-associated CD markers by prostate cancer cells suggests a closer lineage relationship between cancer cells and secretory cells than basal cells. Although the above cancer CD phenotype was the most frequently seen, some prostate cancers contained populations of CD10and/or CD13-positive cells, and CD57-negative cells. Furthermore, the cancer phenotype of tumor metastasis is different. Despite its low frequency in primary tumors, CD10 is expressed by virtually all of the nodal metastases of prostate cancer. In addition, stromal fibromuscular cells associated with primary prostate cancer differ from stromal cells in benign prostate tissue by an increased level of expression of the cell activation molecule, CD90. In summary, our data show that the CD marker expression profile of prostate cancer cells most closely resembles that of secretory prostate epithelial cells and that some prostate cancers consist of heterogeneous cell populations as distinguished by CD-marker expression profiles. (Am J Pathol 2004, 165:1543–1556)
Postnatal handling alters the activation of stress‐related neuronal circuitries

Postnatal handling, as a crucial early life experience, plays an essential role in the development of hypothalamo‐pituitary–adrenal axis responses to stress. The impact of postnatal handling on the reactivity of stress‐related neuronal circuitries was investigated in animals that were handled for the first 21 days of life and as adults they were exposed to physical (ether) or emotional (restraint) challenge. To assess neuronal activation we relied on the induction of immediate‐early gene product c‐Fos and analysed its spatial and temporal distribution at various time intervals after stress. Ether and restraint commonly activated parvocellular neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and resulted in activation of brain areas providing stress‐related information to the hypothalamic effector neurons and/or in regions governing autonomic and behavioural responses to stress. Beyond these areas, the strength and timing of c‐Fos induction showed stressor specificity in olfactory and septal region, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, hippocampal formation, amygdala and brainstem. Handled rats displayed a lower number of c‐Fos‐positive cell nuclei and weaker staining intensity than non‐handled controls in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, central nucleus of amygdala, hippocampus, piriform cortex and posterior division of the cingulum. Significant differences were revealed in timing of c‐Fos induction as a function of stressor and early life experience. Together, these data provide functional anatomical evidence that environmental enrichment in the early postnatal period attenuates the reactivity of stress‐related neuronal circuitries in the adult rat brain.
Spending Reversals and Fiscal Multipliers under an Interest Rate Peg

This paper examines whether fiscal stimuli are more effective when the monetary policy is less responsive to inflation. First, we provide empirical evidence suggesting that, in the period of U.S. passive monetary policy, a positive government spending shock was followed over time by a spending cut. Second, our theoretical analysis reveals that the pegged nominal interest rate is not a sufficient condition to generate a large fiscal multiplier. An increase in government spending could increase the longâ€ run real interest rate, if it is associated with a government spending reversal and a less responsive monetary policy. Consequently, the response of private consumption can be negative and the government spending multiplier is not necessarily greater than 1.
Load scheduling for smart energy management in residential buildings with renewable sources

Demand Response is a promising technique that could be implemented effectively on the foundation laid by Smart Grid. Decentralization of power generation with the advent of renewable power sources will benefit the user as well as the central network along with reduction in dependence on conventional sources of energy. Energy management at the consumer end by controlling the loads will help the consumer also to participate and share the responsibility in proper management of energy. Among the various methods through which this could be done, load scheduling from the consumer end is an excellent option. This paper proposes an Off-line Load Scheduling Algorithm that aims at maximizing the energy savings along with the reduction in cost of energy consumption. This algorithm tries to shift loads to off-peak hours and hours with lower electricity cost thus relieving the utility grid from peak demand at the same time providing economic benefit to the consumer.
Reevaluating the free‐ion activity model of trace metal toxicity toward higher plants: Experimental evidence with copper and zinc

Acrossa diverse spectrum of organisms, the absorption and toxicity of trace elements are usually correlated with the activity of the free metal ion, but reported exceptions to this generalization are increasing. For the first time, we tested the validity of the free‐ion activity model (FIAM) in the case of terrestrial plants and organic acids that may be abundant in the soil solution and rhizosphere. Short‐term (48‐h) root elongation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a simple medium (2 mM CaCl2, pH 6.0) was used to probe the toxicity of Cu and Zn in the presence of malonate, malate, and citrate. Precautions were taken to prevent biodegradation of the organic acids, and its absence was confirmed by ion chromatography. Copper speciation was verified using a Cu‐selective ion electrode, and published stability constants were modified to improve agreement between measured and calculated Cu2+ activities. With additions of both malonate and malate, Cu toxicity was alleviated but not to the extent predicted by the FIAM; the Cu‐ligand complexes seemingly contributed to the toxicity. No such departures were observed with citrate and Cu nor with any of the three ligands in combination with Zn. Thus, exceptions to the FIAM occur with higher plants as well as with aquatic biota but do not seem to occur in a predictable or systematic fashion with respect to metal or organic acid under investigation. Several possible explanations for the observed departures from the FIAM are discussed, including the possibility of accidental cotransport of metal and ligand into the cytoplasm.
Forecasting with Social Media: Evidence from Tweets on Soccer Matches

Social media is now used as a forecasting tool by a variety of firms and agencies. But how useful are such data in forecasting outcomes? Can social media add any information to that produced by a prediction/betting market? We source 13.8 million posts from Twitter, and combine them with contemporaneous Betfair betting prices, to forecast the outcomes of English Premier League soccer matches as they unfold. Using a microblogging dictionary to analyze the content of Tweets, we find that the aggregate tone of Tweets contains significant information not in betting prices, particularly in the immediate aftermath of goals and red cards. (JEL G14, G17)
Effect of a home-based simple yoga program in child-care workers: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of a brief, simple, home-based yoga program on body pain and health status in child-care workers. DESIGN This was a randomized, controlled trial comparing a home-based yoga group and a control group. PARTICIPANTS The trial comprised 98 healthy female nursery school and kindergarten teachers. INTERVENTIONS A DVD of a simple home-based yoga program was provided for a period of 2 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the reported change in body pain at 2 weeks (after intervention) and 4 weeks (follow-up). The secondary outcome measure was the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ30) score and physical function. RESULTS The 67 yoga group participants reported improved menstrual pain at 4 weeks; menstrual pain was reduced from 57.0 ± 27.8 to 37.8 ± 26.7 in the yoga group, versus 52.4 ± 36.5 to 46.9 ± 32.1 in the control group (change from baseline in the yoga group versus change from baseline in the control group, -15.3 points; p=0.044). The total GHQ30 score and the GHQ subscale scores ("sleep disturbance" and "anxiety and dysphoria") improved significantly at 4 weeks in the yoga group, but not in the control group. In the good-adherence group, low back pain improved during the intervention (p=0.006) and follow-up (p=0.001) periods. Menstrual pain was also improved (p=0.044). No adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS A home-based simple yoga program may improve the health status of child-care workers.
Minimizing flow statistics collection cost of SDN using wildcard requests

In a software defined network (SDN), the control plane needs to frequently collect flow statistics measured at the data plane switches for different applications, such as traffic engineering, flow re-routing, and attack detection. However, existing solutions for flow statistics collection may result in large bandwidth cost in the control channel and long processing delay on switches, which significantly interfere with the basic functions such as packet forwarding and route update. To address this challenge, we propose a Cost-Optimized Flow Statistics Collection (CO-FSC) scheme using wildcard-based requests. We prove that the CO-FSC problem is NP-Hard and present a rounding-based algorithm with an approximation factor f, where f is the maximum number of switches visited by each flow. Moreover, our CO-FSC problem is extended to the general case, in which only a part of flows in a network need to be collected. The extensive simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can reduce the bandwidth overhead by over 41% and switch processing delay by over 45% compared with the existing solutions.
Size distributions reconsidered

ABSTRACT We consider tests of the hypothesis that the tail of size distributions decays faster than any power function. These are based on a single parameter that emerges from the Fisher–Tippett limit theorem, and discriminate between leading laws considered in the literature without requiring fully parametric models/specifications. We study the proposed tests taking into account the higher order regular variation of the size distribution that can lead to catastrophic distortions. The theoretical bias corrections realign successfully nominal and empirical test behavior, and inform a sensitivity analysis for practical work. The methods are used in an examination of the size distribution of cities and firms.
Alzheimer's Disease and Its Focal Variants

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly individuals. Although the diagnosis of AD requires pathological confirmation, several common clinical features of AD have been identified. These include insidious onset, gradual progression, medial temporal atrophy, temporoparietal hypoperfusion, early and prominent deficits in episodic memory and mental tracking, and later deficits in semantic memory. These characteristic features of AD have enabled excellent in vivo diagnostic sensitivity. It has become increasingly clear, however, that AD is a heterogeneous disorder. The left and right cerebral hemispheres can be affected to varying degrees, and variability on the anterior-posterior axis has also been reported. AD can also present as a focal degenerative disease, and clinicians must be aware that there may be diagnostic overlap between AD, primary progressive aphasia, posterior cortical atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, and frontotemporal dementia.
Differences that matter: hiring modes and demographic (dis)similarity in executive selection

Abstract Scholars, practitioners, and policymakers have long acknowledged the importance of understanding the antecedents of top management team (TMT) composition. Yet, research on how and why firms select executives who are demographically dissimilar to incumbent TMT members remains limited. We take a step toward answering these questions by employing a sample of 575 individual-level executive appointments at 170 large European firms between 2005 and 2009. Drawing on the person-group (P-G) fit perspective, we argue that firms are more likely to appoint socio-demographically dissimilar executives through internal promotion – while external hires are more likely to socio-demographically resemble incumbent top managers. Our results support the hypothesized relationship. They also show that this relationship is influenced by the level of administrative complexity and environmental uncertainty facing the firm. Overall, our theory and results enhance our understanding of why TMTs are composed the way they are, by highlighting the impact of internal and external hiring modes in the selection of demographically (dis)similar executives.
A Model of the Federal Funds Rate Target

This paper is a statistical analysis of the manner in which the Federal Reserve determines the level of the federal funds rate target, one of the most publicized and anticipated economic indicators in the financial world. The paper introduces new statistical tools for forecasting a discrete‐valued time series such as the target and suggests that these methods, in conjunction with a focus on the institutional details of how the target is determined, can significantly improve on standard vector autoregression forecasts of the effective federal funds rate. We further show that the news that the Fed has changed the target has statistical content substantially different from the news that the Fed failed to make an anticipated target change, causing us to challenge some of the conclusions drawn from standard linear VAR impulse‐response functions.
The prognostic role of the ECG in primary pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND/RATIONALE Doppler echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic parameters reflective of right ventricular failure are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). The aims of the present study were to examine whether ECG features in patients with PPH are associated with a decrease in survival, and to determine the value of the ECG in risk stratification. METHODS/RESULTS We analyzed the ECG, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and hemodynamic parameters in 51 untreated patients with PPH (88% women; mean age, 41.7 years; 79% NYHA classes III and IV) evaluated between 1992 and 1998. Subsequent treatment included epoprostenol in 37 patients, calcium channel blockers in 10 patients, epoprostenol and atrial septostomy in 2 patients, and lung transplant in 3 patients. As of 1999, 16 patients had died. Based on Kaplan-Meier estimates, median survival was > 6.5 years and estimated survival at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years was 86%, 71%, and 57%, respectively. Significant predictors of decreased survival by Cox regression analysis include pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; hazard ratio [HR], 1.11 per Wood unit), cardiac index (HR, 0.22 per L/min/m(2)), p wave amplitude in lead II (HR, 3.06 per mm), p > or = 0.25 mV in lead II (HR, 2.77), qR in V(1) (HR, 3.55), and World Health Organization criteria for right ventricular hypertrophy (HR, 4.26). After controlling for PVR, the HRs attributable to the ECG criteria were only slightly diminished. NYHA class and pulmonary artery pressures did not correlate with a decrease in survival. CONCLUSIONS ECG parameters reflective of physiologic and anatomic abnormalities in the right ventricle are associated with decreased survival in patients with PPH, and may be useful for deciding therapeutic choices including the timing for lung transplantation listing.
Heterogeneity in the Relationship between Country-Level Affluence and Environmental Concern

Despite sustained attention, scholars disagree about the relationship between country-level affluence and the environmental concern of mass publics. While many studies assume this relationship to be uniform, we argue that it is reasonable to expect meaningful variation in the association between country-level affluence and concern across countries with different levels of wealth. We place this idea at the center of our analyses. To do so, we assess public willingness to pay for environmental protection using five waves of World Values Survey data, examining 101 country-years nested in forty-two countries spanning nineteen years. Results from mixed-effects logistic and linear regression models reveal substantial heterogeneity in the association between environmental concern and country-level affluence. We find that growth in affluence over time associates with higher mass environmental concern, but only among less affluent countries. In contrast, countries that are on average more affluent tend to have lower environmental concern, but again, this relationship is primarily concentrated among less affluent countries. Although a variety of theories can be usefully applied to particular relationships occurring along the range of affluence, we argue that degradation theories go far in explaining the heterogeneous associations uncovered between environmental concern and country-level affluence. That associations are largely concentrated among less affluent countries has implications for the understanding of environmental concern in wealthy countries and the development of policy to address environmental reform. These issues are discussed in the conclusion.
Comparative Study of the Effects of Citral on the Growth and Injury of Listeria innocua and Listeria monocytogenes Cells

This study investigates the effect of citral on growth and on the occurrence of sublethal damage in Listeria innocua Serovar 6a (CECT 910) and Listeria monocytogenes Serovar 4b (CECT 4032) cells that were exposed to citral as a natural antimicrobial agent. Two initial inoculum concentrations were considered in this investigation: 102 and 106 cfu/mL. Citral exhibited antilisterial activity against L. innocua and L. monocytogenes, and the observed effects were dependent on the concentration of citral present in the culture medium (0, 0.150 and 0.250 μL/mL) (p ≤ 0.05). L. innocua had a shorter lag phase than L. monocytogenes, and the two species had nearly identical maximum specific growth rates. These results indicate that L. innocua could be used as surrogate for L. monocytogenes when testing the effects of this antimicrobial. Significant differences in the lag phase and growth rate were observed between the small and large inoculum concentration (p ≤ 0.05). Citral-treated L. innocua and L. monocytogenes that were recovered on selective medium (i.e., TSA-YE-SC) had a shorter lag phase and a higher maximum specific growth rate than cells that were recovered on non-selective medium (i.e., TSA-YE) (p ≤ 0.05). This result suggests that damage occurs at sublethal concentrations of citral.
Neutron Spectrum Measured by Activation Diagnostics in Deuterium Gas-Puff Experiments on the 3 MA GIT-12 Z-Pinch

A set of neutron diagnostics including scintillation time-of-flight detectors, bubble detectors, and several kinds of threshold nuclear activation samples is used to obtain information about the yield and spectrum of the neutrons produced by a deuterium gas-puff z-pinch. The experiments are performed at a current of about 3 MA on the GIT-12 generator at the Institute of High Current Electronics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences in Tomsk. The average neutron yield in the experiments in 2016 was $2.3 \times 10^{12}$ neutrons per single shot. Using the data obtained with the help of neutron activation diagnostics, the time-of-flight detectors have been absolutely calibrated and the broad energy spectrum of the produced neutrons was evaluated. By the calculations presented in this paper, due to the multi-MeV energies of deuterons generated in the pinch, up to 15% of the total neutron yield could be produced by nuclear reactions of deuterons with a stainless steel vacuum chamber and aluminum components of the diagnostic apparatus inside the chamber.