Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recruitment strategies of the banking industry in Nigeria: The head hunting panacea

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of headhunting recruitment strategy on employee retention strategy in the Nigerian banking industry. The objective is to examine the effect of headhunting recruitment strategy on employee retention in the banking industry. The study makes use of primary data by administering structured questionnaire to employees of Zenith Bank Plc, a money deposits bank in Egor local government area, Oredo local government area, and Ikpoba Okha local government area in Benin City of Edo State of Nigeria and Stata 13.0 statistical tool is used for the analysis of data. The results show that headhunting recruitment strategy has a significant positive effect on employee retention strategy while selection practice has a significant positive effect on employee retention strategy. Keywords: Employee retention strategy, headhunting recruitment strategy, recruitment, selection practices.
Discussion of ‘Unrealised Earnings, Dividends and Reporting Aggressiveness: An Examination of Firms’ Behavior in the Era of Fair Value Accounting'

This article discusses the paper by Chen and Gavious (2016). Chen and Gavious (2016) investigate the change in dividend payouts after mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) in Israel. They find that some Israeli firms distributed cash dividends out of unrealized earnings from financial instruments and investment properties due to the application of fair value accounting under IFRS. They further find that these firms manipulated both book and tax income to increase the dividend payouts. This discussion focuses on the theoretical development in the impact of IFRS adoption on corporate incentive for dividend payouts and the costs of earnings management for dividend distribution. This discussion also offers suggestions on how to improve the empirical design and analyses.
The challenge of linking destination online reputation with competitiveness

The aim of this study is to evidence how 2.0 conversations in social media impact the reputation of destinations. Additionally, the influence of co-creation practices is analysed. The five most competitive destinations worldwide have been chosen for the research. This paper demonstrates that monitoring social media is a challenge in tourism and is a strategic tool to support process decision making and for destination brand building in a sustainable way. Currently, there are several monitoring and analytic tools, but there is a lack of models to systematise and harness it for the Destination Management Organization (DMOs). In conclusion, how tourists play the main role in the competitiveness of Destinations with their experiences and opinions are considered, along with some keys for successful management of social media are given in the view of the results.
Motives and Risk Factors of Problematic Engagement in Online Sexual Activities

Abstract Motives and risk factors associated with problematic engagement in online sexual activities (OSAs) have been poorly explored. The current study aimed to examine motives, gender, history of childhood maltreatment, and adult attachment types as possible risk factors associated with problematic OSAs. Two hundred eighty-four responders took part in an online survey. A significant part of the sample admitted experiencing distress and having adverse consequences on their work or school performance because of their OSAs. Having a history of greater childhood maltreatment was associated with a higher tendency to adopt mood regulation, anonymous fantasizing, socializing/seeking intimacy, and sexual pleasure motives for OSAs. Participants with more problematic OSAs tended to adopt more frequently mood regulation, anonymous fantasizing, socializing/seeking intimacy, and sexual pleasure motives for their engagement compared with participants with less problematic OSAs. Multiple regression analyses indicated that problematic OSAs were mostly predicted by sexual pleasure motives among female participants and by mood regulation motives among male participants. Avoidant adult attachment type explained problematic OSAs among female users only. The findings of this study lend support for using motives checklist as a part of a problematic OSAs assessment.
Dilemma and Cascades in the Armed Forces - The Tunisian Revolution

ABSTRACT Soldiers and policemen make or break revolutions. Yet we know little about why they betray a dictator or stay loyal in the face of mass protests. I investigate the dynamics of the mutiny that overthrew Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali on 14 January 2011, turning the Tunisian uprising into a regional wave of Arab unrest. Drawing from rich archival and interview data, I trace the likelihood of mutiny to the moment when reserve forces face the imminent prospect of using large-scale lethal violence against civilians. The moment represents a critical decision, manifested in collective doubt and uncertainty. This makes the armed forces susceptible to cascades, which are driven by expectations rather than preferences, positional interests or institutional rules. Hence the stance of the armed forces as a whole is highly sensitive to small events that shape officers’ beliefs regarding their colleagues’ likely behavior. The initiative of a handful of driven officers can tilt the institution as a whole. Flows of information prove to be decisive. The argument implies that accounting for the variation in outcomes of mass uprisings requires shifting the explanatory focus toward endogenous, locally proximate causes. It has implications for the study of revolutions, authoritarian breakdown, civil-military relations, and nonviolence.
The impacts of teacher working conditions and human capital on student achievement: evidence from brazilian longitudinal data

ABSTRACT We use a new longitudinal matched student-teacher data from Brazil to examine the impacts of teacher human capital and working conditions on student learning controlling for student, teacher, and student-teacher match fixed effects. We find that teacher working conditions impact students outcomes. Teachers employed in more than one school negatively affect student test scores, while those working more hours in the same school positively impact students outcomes. Additionally, teacher education, experience, and family income affect student outcomes in Portuguese but not in Mathematics. Students who change from a low to a high value-added teacher experience a significant increase in proficiency.
Friends for the Benefits: The Effects of Political Ties on Sovereign Borrowing Conditions

Do closer political ties with a global superpower improve sovereign borrowing conditions? We use data on voting at the United Nations General Assembly along with foreign aid flows to construct an index of political ties and find evidence that suggests closer political ties leads to both better sovereign credit ratings and lower yields on sovereign bonds. We use heads-of-state official visits and coalition forces troop contributions as exogenous instruments to further strengthen the findings.
Patrones de uso, control parental y acceso a la información de los adolescentes en la red

Los patrones de uso y consumo de información mediática de los adolescentes experimentan cambios frecuentes debido a la constante evolución tecnológica. Este trabajo, fruto del proyecto REDCON, trata de conocer el uso y consumo de internet, redes sociales y servicios de mensajería de los adolescentes en la Comunidad de Madrid, así como su percepción de los riesgos, el control parental y el acceso a las noticias. A través de cuatro grupos de discusión, con menores de entre 13 y 17 años, se ha constatado un uso multitarea de internet, las redes sociales y los servicios de mensajería, en periodos cortos de consulta repartidos durante el día, con control parental al inicio de la adolescencia que se diluye cuando crecen. Destaca un consumo incidental de noticias, unido a una baja valoración de la credibilidad mediática y una falta de autorregulación de los jóvenes en el uso de internet y dispositivos móviles.
Discrepant Self-Perceptions as Predictors of Rule Violating Behavior Among Juvenile Offenders

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii DEDICATION . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . ix CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION . 1 Development of Self-Perceptions . 1 Defining Discrepant Self-Perceptions . 3 Discrepant Self-Perceptions and Aggression . 4 Discrepant Self-Perceptions and Disruptive Behaviors . 5 Race and Discrepant Self-Perceptions . 8 Sex, Discrepant Self-Perceptions and Maladaptive Behaviors . 10 Present Study . 11 CHAPTER II– METHOD. 14 Participants . 14 Measures . 15 Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (SPPA). 15 Teacher Rating Scale (TRS). 16 Discrepant Self-Perceptions. 17 Rule violating behavior. 17 Demographic Information and Covariates. 20 vi Procedures . 20 CHAPTER III RESULTS . 21 Preliminary Analyses . 21 Interrelations between Predictor Variables and Covariates . 23 Data Analytic Strategy . 25 Main Study Analyses . 26 CHAPTER IV – DISCUSSION. 33 Discrepant Self-Perceptions as Predictors of Rule Violating Behaviors . 33 Perceptual Bias and Rule Violations . 33 Moderating Effects of Race . 35 Race, Inaccurate Self-Perceptions, and Rule Violating Behaviors . 35 Clinical Implications . 37 Limitations . 38 Future Directions . 40 Conclusion . 41 APPENDIX A– IRB Exemption Letter . 42 APPENDIX B Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (SPPA). 43 APPENDIX C – Teacher’s Rating Scale . 47 REFERENCES . 48
Exploring the relationship between morningness-eveningness, cognitive performance and the internal physiological state in different human-robot interaction scenarios

Social robotic systems are more and more present in our everyday lives. They are no longer isolated entities, but instead, they are expected to be capable of interacting and communicating with humans. They have to follow the behavioral norms that are expected by the individuals the robotic systems are interacting with.One of the main research directions in the field of social robotics is represented by the design of a natural interaction between a social robot and an individual. More specifically, this interaction should take into consideration the profile of the individual, the emotional state, the physiological internal state, and the mood, among others.In this thesis it is explored the relationship that exists between morningness-eveningness, cognitive performance, and the internal physiological state during different human-robot interaction scenarios. By administering different psychological questionnaires, the profile of an individual can be determined. Moreover, with the help of different sensors (e.g., GSR, thermal camera), multiple methodologies were developed to determine the internal physiological state of an individual. More specifically, the facial temperature variation, the blinking, and the galvanic skin response were investigated.Several human-robot interaction scenarios have been designed in order to test the developed system. The impact of empathy was also investigated. Furthermore, the developed system was successfully tested in two real-world environments, with two vulnerable populations. The first assistive application is represented by the ENRICHME EU H2020 research project, where a personal robot was developed for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. The second vulnerable population consists of individuals suffering from different sleep disorders.We believe that this thesis represents an important step in understanding how the physiological internal state of an individual is related to cognitive performance, and to the user profile of that individual.
Trust Games and Beyond

Trust is fundamental for the stability of human society. A large part of the experimental literature relies on the Trust Game as the workhorse to measure individual differences in trust and trustworthiness. In this review we highlight the difficulties and limitations of this popular paradigm, as well as the relations to alternative instruments ranging from survey measures to neurochemical manipulations and neuroimaging.
What matters in processing German object relative clauses in aphasia – timing or morpho-syntactic cues?

ABSTRACT Background It is a well-established finding that individuals with aphasia have difficulties in using morpho-syntactic cues to determine the meaning of non-canonical sentences, such as object relative clauses (ORCs). While non-brain-damaged speakers can process ORCs disambiguated through unambiguous case marking more easily than number marking (i.e. subject-verb agreement), there is still much debate concerning the varying impact of case and number cues on sentence processing in aphasia. Aims The objective of the present study is to investigate the use of case and number marking as cues to sentence interpretation and to test the predictions of the Relativized Minimality approach. Within this account, dissimilarity in the number specification of the subject and object is assumed to facilitate ORC processing in aphasia, while case is not. Methods & Procedures Combining the visual-world eye-tracking methodology with an auditory referent-identification task, we measured offline and online sentence processing in German-speaking individuals with aphasia and in a group of control participants. ORCs were disambiguated through case or number marking, whereby case occurred at different points of disambiguation: case marking at (1) the relative pronoun, (2) the following noun phrase, or (3) number marking on the sentence-final verb. Thereby, we were able to control for number dissimilarity of the subject and object in ORCs, with number specification being similar in case-marked ORCs and dissimilar in number-marked ORCs. Outcome & Results We found that both participant groups exhibit a general processing advantage for case- over number-disambiguated ORCs. Moreover, case-marked ORCs disambiguated at different positions within the sentence were processed similarly in term of accuracy, reaction times or online processing speed. Conclusions These results support the assumption that case marking can be used more successfully to derive sentence meaning as compared to number marking – regardless of the timing of disambiguation. Future research is needed to further disentangle the status of case and number in the computation of Minimality.
Going Negative: What to Do with Negative Book Equity Stocks

A firm’s book equity is a measure of the value held by a firm’s ordinary shareholders. Increasingly, it is being reported as a negative number. Because a firm’s limited liability structure means that shareholders cannot have negative value, negative book equity has no obvious interpretation. Consequently, both practitioners and academics typically omit such stocks in their analysis. While these stocks are small in number, they are disproportionately represented in extreme growth–value sectors and, therefore, can have an impact on applications where value is defined in terms of book equity. The authors propose a new approach that classifies negative book equity stocks across the growth–value spectrum by considering how close their returns correspond to those of stocks that fit more obviously into these classifications. They find that this new value factor, which includes negative book equity stock, is economically and statistically different from the old value factor that excludes such stocks. Although they illustrate how this approach can be used to classify negative book equity stock, the approach is quite general and may be used whenever particular accounting data are unavailable or otherwise suspect.
Elites nationales ou globalisées ? Les dirigeants des grandes entreprises suisses entre standardisation et spécificités helvétiques (1980-2000)

La globalisation croissante du monde economique suscite un vif debat dans la sociologie des elites. Certains postulent l'emergence d'une classe capitaliste transnationale homogene, tandis que d'autres affirment la persistance de specificites nationales dans le processus de formation des dirigeants d'entreprises. Pour situer le cas suisse dans ce debat, cet article compare le profil des dirigeants des 110 plus grandes firmes helvetiques en 1980 et en 2000. Les resultats montrent un fort processus d'internationalisation (hausse du nombre d'etrangers) et une modification des profils de formation (augmentation des Masters in Business Administration). La globalisation ne signifie pas pour autant une standardisation des profils puisqu'on observe une grande diversite des parcours professionnels et la persistance de formes de legitimite specifiques au contexte helvetique.
Openness, Central Wage Bargaining, and Inflation

This paper develops a model of an open economy containing both sectors in which wages are market-determined and sectors with wage-setting arrangements. A portion of the latter group of sectors coordinate their wages, taking into account that their collective actions influence the equilibrium inflation outcome in an environment in which the central bank engages in discretionary monetary policymaking. Key predictions forthcoming from this model are (1) increased centralization of wage setting initially causes inflation to increase but then results in an inflation dropoff, (2) a greater degree of centralized wage setting reduces the inflation-restraining effect of greater central bank independence, and (3) increased openness is more likely to reduce inflation in nations with less centralized wage bargaining. Analysis of data for seventeen nations for the period 1970-1999 provides generally strong and robust empirical support for all three of these predictions
The Effects of Intent and Consequences on the Assignment of Penalties Related to HIV Non-Disclosure Situations

THE EFFECTS OF INTENT AND CONSEQUENCES ON THE ASSIGNMENT OF PENALTIES RELATED TO H IV NON-DISCLOSURE SITUATIONS Yang Deng Old Dominion University, 2013 Director: Dr. Louis H. Janda Laws related to H IV require individuals infected w ith H IV to disclose their H IVpositive status before engaging in sexual behavior. These laws vary as to whether to include the intent o f H IV non-disclosure as a criterion for prosecution. Penalty assignment for H IV non-disclosure is consistent w ith moral judgment. Literature regarding moral judgment has been inconsistent as to whether individuals process information regarding intent and consequences independently or interdependently when recommending penalties. The present study seeks to explore the effects o f intent and consequences on recommended penalties in H IV non-disclosure situations. A 3(intent) * 2(consequence) ANOVA design was conducted w ith recommended penalties for time in prison and fines as the dependent variables. The effects o f intent and consequences on the assignment o f responsibility were also examined as a research question, using a 3(intent) x 2(consequence) ANOVA design, w ith assigned responsibility and blameworthiness as the dependent variables. The results demonstrated that intent and consequences played independent roles in affecting recommended penalties related to H IV non-disclosure situations. No significant differences were found for responsibility attribution among the conditions. The results were consistent w ith the findings o f studies in which information regarding intent and consequences was independently processed in making judgments. It also broadened the literature in H IV non-disclosure related studies.
Tight, Loose, or Decoupling? A National Study of the Decision-Making Power Relationship Between District Central Offices and School Principals

Do school district central offices and school principals have the same level of influence on school decisions? What does the district–principal power relationship look like? These two questions are discussed but are rarely examined in the literature. Based on a nationally representative sample from the 2007-2008 Schools and Staffing Survey data, we explored these two questions. Specifically, we applied the paired samples t test to compare the district central offices’ and school principals’ influences and applied the multilevel modeling method to estimate the power relationship. We found that (a) on average, districts and principals had the same level of influence on establishing curriculum, whereas school principals had higher influence on the other six decision areas examined (performance standards, teachers’ professional development programs, evaluating teachers, hiring teachers, discipline policies, and school budget), and (b) a tight coupling power relationship between district central offices and school principals was identified for the three areas related to the technical core of schools (performance standards, establishing curriculum, and teachers’ professional development programs), a loose coupling power relationship was revealed for the personnel (hiring and evaluating teachers) and budget areas, while a decoupling power relationship was found for discipline policy decisions. Discussions and implications for school leadership and policy were included in this study.
Social Media News Use and Political Cynicism: Differential Pathways Through “News Finds Me” Perception

As citizens inadvertently “encounter” news and political information through digital media and social networking sites, they might perceive themselves to be well informed about politics without actively seeking political information, which has been labeled as the “News Finds Me” (NFM) perception. We attempt to explicate and further advance the conceptualization and corresponding measurement of “News Finds Me” perception. Using a nationally representative survey conducted in Austria, our analysis shows that social media news use may contribute to cynicism towards politics, and that such a relationship is critically mediated through NFM perceptions, but to a differential degree depending on specific sub-dimensions of NFM perceptions.
The Present Of Things Past: An Explorative Case Study Of Storytelling And Sensemaking In Policing.

This case study explored how the stories told in a large, urban police department influenced the process of sensemaking among its members. It began with the premise that police officers are storytellers by nature, that theirs is a socially discursive profession, and that occupationally they engage in work that is characterized by sudden changes in their environment. These environmental changes challenge a police officer’s sense of personal stability and safety and require mitigative action to process through the change event towards a successful conclusion. To facilitate this process, this research showed how police officers relied upon the stories of the organization, either an individual or organizational narrative that best fits their current situation and took from them the most meaningful lessons to assist in their sensemaking process. Further, this research identified a unique typology of organizationally specific police stories and the manner by which they are developed and shared organizationally. This findings of this research revealed tangible organizational themes that identified a process of organizational narrative exchange upon which answers to this studies research questions were built, describing the sensemaking process in policing as fluid and adaptable, reliant upon the creation and sharing of stories to provide a bank of organizational experience from which to draw during times of flux. This process was closely aligned with the seven elements of Weickian sensemaking and offers new insight for police leaders into a previously thought abstract process making it more accessible to leaders and suggesting organizational leadership and capacity can be improved through an enhanced understanding of story and the process of organizational narrative exchange.