Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to Escape: Prison Education, Rehabilitation and the Potential for Transformation

This article examines motivations behind participation in education based on interviews with Irish prisoners. It begins by considering the relationship between education and rehabilitation, especially the latter’s re-emergence in a more authoritarian form. Drawing on results from the research, this article argues that the educational approach, culture and atmosphere are particularly important in creating a learning environment in prison. It makes the case that educational spaces which allow students to voluntarily engage in different types of learning, at their own pace, at a time of their choosing, can be effective in encouraging prisoners to engage in critical reflection and subsequently, to move away from criminal activity. It locates education in prison within a wider context and concludes that while prison education can work with, it needs to distinguish itself from, state-sponsored rehabilitation programmes and stand on the integrity of its profession, based on principles of pedagogy rather than be lured into the evaluative and correctional milieu of modern penality.
Fatty acid profiles and parameters of quality of specialty coffees produced in different Brazilian regions

Although fatty acids are known to be important components of coffee flavor and aroma, no study relating such compounds to the quality of coffee has been conducted. Considering the importance of attaining maximum flavor and aroma in specialty coffees, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of different Bourbon genotypes cultivated under different edaphoclimatic conditions. Four genotypes of arabica coffee were evaluated on the fatty acid profiles and parameters of quality. The genotypes were evaluated in three Brazilian locations. For the first time, we showed that sensory attributes are the most suitable potential discriminators of specialty coffees. In addition, assessing the levels of fatty acids allowed us to obtain information about the key compounds that positively or negatively affect coffee beverage quality. Saturated fatty acids, including arachidic, stearic and palmitic acid are potential discriminators of the quality of specialty coffees, indicating better sensory quality. Conversely, unsaturated fatty acids, including elaidic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid may be related to coffees with less intense acidity, fragrance, body and flavor. Key words: Sensory evaluation, environment, bourbon coffee, chemical compounds, gas chromatography.
Interacting with an information space using sound: Accuracy and patterns

Human auditory perception is suited to receiving and interpreting information from the environment but this knowledge has not been used extensively in designing computer-based information exploration tools. It is not known how accurate humans can be in navigating an auditory display. Furthermore, it is not known if listeners will conform to known pattern search techniques in a search task using sound alone. An auditory display was created using PD (Pure Data), a graphical programming language used primarily to manipulate digital sound. The visual interface for the auditory display was a blank window. The auditory interface was based on ground level ozone concentration data. When the cursor is moved around in this window, the sound generated changes based on the underlying data value at any given point. An experiment was conducted to determine how accurately subjects were able to locate the highest concentration level using the auditory display. The four attributes of sound tested were frequencysine waveform, frequency-sawtooth waveform, loudness and tempo. Results indicate that sonic display of data yields less resolution than visual. It is also shown that people will generally utilize recognizable search patterns when exploring the information space.
Electron Pulses Made Faster Than Atomic Motions Electron pulses have shattered the 10-femtosecond barrier at which essentially all atomic motion is frozen in materials

W hen you read the term “electron beam,” what comes to mind? If you are a physicist or have a background in physics, it may be the great J. J. Thomson—discoverer of the electron—followed by a vision of an old television or oscilloscope powered by cathode-ray tubes. Very twentiethcentury stuff. If this is your view, a new study by Jared Maxson at the Pegasus radiation facility at the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues [1] should help make clear how electron beams are one of the primary enablers of twenty-first-century science. Ultrashort electronbeam pulses—less than 10 fs long in this case—are enabling forms of atomic-level dynamic imaging that were previously restricted to the realm of thought experiments [2].
Adoption behaviour of fish farmers in relation to scientific fish culture practices in West Bengal

The present study was carried out during 2005-2008 in the purposively selected Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal focused on the factors influencing adoption behaviour of fish farmers towards scientific fish culture practices. The data were gathered using a structured and pre tested interview schedule from 120 randomly selected fish farmers. The findings revealed that majority (74%) of fish farmers belonged to medium to high adoption category. The adoption behaviour of fish farmers towards scientific fish culture practices was positively and significantly influenced by the factors like, occupation, annual income, land holding, extent of weed infestation, social participation, mass media participation, extension agency contact, cosmopoliteness, innovative proneness, value orientation, risk orientation, economic motivation, knowledge about scientific fish culture practices and negatively by their age.
The Spatial Variability and Temporal Dynamics of Soil Properties as Affected by Visitors’ Pressure in an Urban Park

Soil properties and their tempo-spatial heterogeneity, affected by visitors’ pressure, season and soil depth, were studied in an urban park in Tel-Aviv. Soil was sampled twice yearly in wet and dry seasons. In each season soil was sampled from areas exposed to differing levels of visitors’ pressure (VP), and designated “no VP (Control)”, “High VP” and “Low VP”. The soil samples were taken from two depths. For each soil sample, moisture, organic matter and soluble-ion contents, pH, and electrical conductivity were determined. It was found that different properties were differently affected by VP, seasonal dynamics and soil depth: organic matter content, penetration depth and sodium concentration were the most sensitive to VP; Soil moisture did not respond to VP, but sharply reflected seasonal changes; Calcium and organic matter contents were significantly affected by the soil depth. The sensitivity of soil properties to VP increased from March to July, and the upper soil layer was more sensitive to seasonal dynamics and VP than the deeper layer. Some soil properties exhibited “spotty” patterns; others a “frontal” one. Organic matter content was completely controlled by VP at both depths and in both seasons, and could be used as an indicator of soil status in recreation areas. Visitors’ activities included trampling and other anthropogenic factors that enhanced the spatial changes and seasonal dynamics of soil properties. Based on these measurements the intensity of soil degradation and dynamics was evaluated and used to describe the soil status in an urban park.
Malthus's idea of a moral and political science

This paper discusses, first, the kind of Newtonian methodology Malthus had been exposed to at Cambridge; secondly, the views on algebra and the doctrine of proportions he inherited from MacLaurin and the contribution of his colleague Bewick Bewin in devising a special role for this doctrine in the moral sciences; thirdly, Malthus's ideas on language and the reasons for rejection of an artificial language for political economy. Then it discusses his idea of political economy as a moral science and his claims to be Adam Smith's true heir. The conclusion is that Hollander is right when he contends that Malthus's and Ricardo's methods, as contrasted with their methodologies, were just two opposite poles within one spectrum, but also that the Cantabrigian and Scottish tradition provided staple for a design of a moral and political science alternative to the Unitarian and the Benthamite programs.
The Feldstein Horioka Puzzle by groups of OECD members: the panel approach.

This paper investigates investment savings relationships in 26 OECD countries and how these relationships change when countries in the considered panel vary. Therefore panel estimations using annual data for the period 1970-2008 are made for different groups of developed countries, such as the OECD, EU15, NAFTA and G7. Additionally, this paper examines changes in investment saving relationships in groups of developed countries taking into account the presence of structural shifts in countries where they exist. Recent panel techniques are employed in this study to examine investment savings relationships and to estimate saving retention coefficients. The empirical findings reveal that the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle exists only in the panel of G7 countries where the saving-retention coefficient is estimated at the level 0.754 and 0.864 for the full sample of G7 countries and for stable countries, respectively. The estimated saving-retention coefficient for the G7 group of unstable appear at the 0.482 level, indicating a higher level of capital mobility in unstable countries compared to stable ones. This conclusion is supported by estimations for OECD and EU15 countries.
A network of disdrometers to quantify the small‐scale variability of the raindrop size distribution

Insight into the spatial variability of the (rain) drop size distribution (DSD), and hence rainfall, is of primary importance for various environmental applications like cloud/precipitation microphysical processes, numerical weather modeling, and estimation of rainfall using remote sensing techniques. In order to quantify the small‐scale variability of the DSD, a network of 16 optical disdrometers has been designed and deployed over a typical operational weather radar pixel (about 1 × 1 km2) in Lausanne, Switzerland. This network is fully autonomous in terms of power supply as well as data transmission and storage. The combination of General Radio Packet Service and radio communication allows a real‐time access to the DSD measurements. The network is sampling at a temporal resolution of 30 s. A period representative of frontal precipitation is analyzed to illustrate the measurement capabilities of the network. The spatial variability is quantified by the coefficient of variation of the total concentration of drops, the mass‐weighted diameter, and the rain rate between the 16 stations of the network. The sampling uncertainty associated with disdrometer measurements is taken into account, and the analysis of a 1.5 month rainy period shows a significant variability of these quantities, which cannot be explained by the sampling uncertainty alone, even at such a small scale.
Phytotoxic Potentials of some Plants Extracts Against Southern House Mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus SAY)

Six (6) plant species were screened for larvicidal potentials against the larvae of Southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus . The plants included Hyptis lanceolata, Hyptis suaveolens , Hyptis spicigera, Lantana camara, Cymbopogon citratus and Zingiber officinale . Crude extracts were obtained in different solvents using Soxhlet extractor. Their larviciding activity was investigated by immersion and batches of 20 instar larvae were treated with 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000mg/l of the plant extracts after 96 hours exposure, for 5 days and in three replicates. Extracts that did not cause mortality at 62.5mg/l necessitate the use of higher concentrations (1500 and 2000 mg/l). Control treatment consists of 1ml acetone in distilled water. Results revealed that all the 6 plants exhibited varying larvicidal activity. L. camara showed highest percentage mortality (63.20%) at the least concentration of 62.5mg/l. This was followed by H. lanceolata, H. suaveolens (57.9%) and Z. officinale which caused 57.9% each at this same concentration. Determined L 50 and L 95 indicated L . camara (56.23 and 223.87mg/l) to be the most potent of the plant extracts. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in efficacy of concentrations and the various exposure periods. Recommendation was made for the inclusion of these plant extracts in an integrated pest control scheme.
Improving organizational learning through leadership training Henna Hasson Procome research group, Medical Management Centre (MMC), Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Count

Purpose: Managers play a crucial role in providing opportunities to employees for learning. Although scholars have called for intervention research on the effects of leadership development on organizational learning, no such research is currently available. This paper evaluates whether training of managers at workplaces can improve organizational learning. Methodology: The training program consisted of theoretical and practical elements aimed to improve line managers’ transformational leadership behaviors and, in turn, improve organizational learning. The study used a preand post-intervention evaluation survey. Line managers’ and their subordinates’ perceptions of organizational learning were measured with the Dimensions of Organizational Learning Questionnaire and with post-intervention single items on organizational learning. Findings: Comparisons between pre-and post-intervention assessments revealed that managers’ ratings of Continuous Learning and employees’ ratings of Empowerment and Embedded Systems improved significantly as a result of the training. The leadership training intervention had positive effects on managers’ perceptions of individual-level and on employees’ perceptions of organizational-level aspects of organizational learning. Originality/value: The study provides empirical evidence that organizational learning can be improved through leadership training. Both line managers and their subordinates perceived that organizational learning had increased after the training intervention, albeit in different ways. Implications for developing leadership training programs and for evaluating these are discussed.
Frequency of Hepatitis C and Awareness of its Health Hazards among Paramedical Staff

Background: Worldwide, hepatitis C is considered leading public health issue while paramedical staff is more at risk of acquiring infection. Frequency of anti-HCV positivity among healthcare staff ranges from 0 to 9.7% globally. Aim: To assess the frequency of hepatitis C and awareness about its health hazards in paramedical staff at Nishtar Hospital Multan. Method: This was cross-sectional descriptive study carried out during August 2016 among 105 paramedics working at Nishtar Hospital Multan. Data was gathered through questionnaire, which was entered into computer software SPSS version 20.0. Results: Among 105 paramedics, 54.3% male and 45.7% were 31-40 years old. More than half (58.1%) had work experience above 10 years. Mainstream (67.6%) was aware regarding its spread while 31.4% had knowledge regarding its treatment plan. Among paramedical staff, 88.6% were examined for Hep-B and C upon joining government job. Among them, 86.7% observed safety measures during procedures and gloves were used by 46.7% during handling of patients/procedures. Conclusion: Most of the paramedics had knowledge regarding hepatitis genus and spread. Information about treatment plans was unsatisfactory. Majority of the paramedical staff followed safety measures during procedures. There is need to provide refreshing training to paramedical staff.
Effect of Different Sawdust on the Growth, Yield and Proximate Composition of Pleurotus Sajor-Caju.

Pleurotus sajor-caju Cultivation on 5 different saw dust substrates such as- Mango tree(Mangifera indica,T2),Mahagony tree (Swietenia mahagoni,T3),jackfruit tree(Artocarpus heterophyllus,T4),Teak tree(Tectona grandis,T5)Rain Tree (Albizia saman, T6) and mixture of all five tree sawdust (T1) supplemented with 30% wheat bran and 1% lime as basal substrates were investigated. The effects of these saw dust substrates on comparative growth,yield performance and proximate composition of Pleurotus sajor-caju were analyzed.The highest mycelium running rate (0.77 cm/day) and the lowest time from primordial initiation to harvest (3.26days), were obtained in T2. The highest time from stimulation to primordial initiation (4.33days) were found in T4. The highest biological yield (276 g/packet), economic yield (269.40 g/packet), dry yield (26.56 g/packet), biological efficiency (82.34%), benefit cost ratio (5.22), the highest average number of primordia/packet (75.33), the highest average number of fruiting body/packet (61.33), the highest average weight of individual fruiting body (4.45 g) ,the highest amount protein content (27.44%) , the highest carbohydrate content (39.54%) , the highest amount of Nitrogen content (4.94%) the highest amount of iron (513.48 ppm) were obtained inT2. Among all aspects, T2 was found as a best substrate with BE (82.38 %) for
Peer Relations in Preadolescence: Associations between Friendship Quality, Peer Acceptance, and Parental Management in Peer Relations

Objective: The associations between friendship quality, peer acceptance, and parental management in preadolescence were investigated, in order to provide discernment about the situation of preadolescents, which would be beneficial in assisting those children who were in need of intervention. Method: 322 fifth and sixth graders from a local school were recruited for the study. They completed a questionnaire comprised of the Friendship Qualities Scale in measuring quality of friendship, items in measuring parental management, and the sociometric nomination procedure in assessing peer acceptance. Results: Popular children had higher friendship quality than rejected children, but no difference was found between them in parental management. Positive correlation was detected between friendship quality and parental management. Within parental management, mothers were found to be more knowledgeable and involved in their children than fathers were. Discussion: Possible explanations and implications of the findings were discussed, and future work was suggested. Preadolescent Peer Relations iv Table of
Interactive comment on “ Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism , MCM v 3 ( Part B ) : tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds ” by M . E .

This paper describes improvements to the Master Chemical Mechanism. In particular it considers the treatment of the tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds. In a companion paper, the mechanisms for the degradation of other volatile organic compounds are updated. This brings the Master Chemical Mechanism to version number 3, and it has been constructed using work from the literature up to the beginning of 2001. The MCM is a near-explicit chemical mechanism describing the degradation of organic compounds important in tropospheric chemistry and is a very valuable tool for the atmospheric community. The value of such a mechanism can only be maintained if the input data are updated with the literature and so this paper and its
In vitro regeneration of sugarbeet propagules and molecular analysis of the regenerants

An applicable regeneration protocol through in vitro direct and indirect organogenesis of sugarbeet was developed. Leaf and shoot base explants taken from in vitro grown seedlings were subjected to a medium containing different combinations of cytokinins (BA and Kin) and auxins (NAA and 2,4-D). The highest percentages of direct organogenesis were noticed with shoot base explants; however, leaf explant was more readily for indirect differentiation. Concerning growth regulators added to culture media, cytokinins (BA and kin) in combinations with NAA were more effective on direct regeneration since the best results of shoot emergence directly from shoot base explants (93%) were registered with a medium contained 0.5 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l NAA. However, the highest frequency of indirect regeneration (80%) was obtained when leaf explants were cultured on a medium containing 0.5 mg/l kin + 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D. For multiplication of sugarbeet propagules, the medium contained 1 mg/l BA+50 mg/l adenine sulfate gave the highest number of shoots and leaves. However, the best results of shoot length were observed when 1 mg/l kin was combined with 50 mg/l adenine sulfate. Among different types of auxins used for in vitro root formation, IBA in concentration of 2 mg/l was more effective than IAA and NAA. SDS-PAGE protein patterns did not give variation between the direct and indirect proliferated cultures of sugarbeet. RAPD analysis was used to identify the differences among regenerants from tissue cultures. The results of PCR products showed slight differences between cultures and demonstrated that direct organogenesis is the most effective way to produce true-type regenerants in sugarbeet. A successful acclimatization to the free conditions was obtained by transferring of plantlets into pots contained a mixture of peatmoss and vermiculite (1:1) under high relative humidity conditions. High percentages of survival and plants of normal appearance were obtained after five weeks of transplanting.
Determinants of Uganda's Export Performance: A Gravity Model Analysis

Exports play an important role in Uganda’s economy, influencing the level of economic growth, employment and the Balance of Payments. Uganda has initiated several trade policy reforms aimed at promoting the export sector. However, Uganda’s share in total world exports is still very low. Given the central role of exports in the economy, it was important to identify the plausible factors affecting export flows between Uganda and its trading partners. Thus, this paper examines the factors affecting Uganda’s exports using an augmented gravity model of trade. The panel dataset used was for the period 1980 to 2012. The results suggest that Uganda’s GDP, importer’s GDP, importer’s GDP per capita, per capita GDP difference between Uganda and its trading partners, real exchange rate, official common language, and contiguity had a positive and statistically significant effect on Uganda’s exports. The study further, shows that the formation of COMESA and EAC had a significant positive effect on Uganda’s exports. On the other hand, Uganda’s GDP per capita and distance between Uganda and its trading partners had a negative effect on Uganda’s export flows. These results are important for trade policy formulation in order to ensure that Uganda’s export potential is exploited so as to enhance economic growth.