Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type I interferons are important co‐stimulatory signals during T cell receptor mediated human MAIT cell activation

Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant unconventional T cells that can be stimulated either via their TCR or by innate cytokines. The MAIT cell TCR recognises a pyrimidine ligand, derived from riboflavin synthesising bacteria, bound to MR1. In infection, bacteria not only provide the pyrimidine ligand but also co‐stimulatory signals, such as TLR agonists, that can modulate TCR‐mediated activation. Recently, type I interferons (T1‐IFNs) have been identified as contributing to cytokine‐mediated MAIT cell activation. However, it is unknown whether T1‐IFNs also have a role during TCR‐mediated MAIT cell activation. In this study, we investigated the co‐stimulatory role of T1‐IFNs during TCR‐mediated activation of MAIT cells by the MR1 ligand 5‐amino‐6‐d‐ribitylaminouracil/methylglyoxal. We found that T1‐IFNs were able to boost interferon‐γ and granzyme B production in 5‐amino‐6‐d‐ribitylaminouracil/methylglyoxal‐stimulated MAIT cells. Similarly, influenza virus‐induced T1‐IFNs enhanced TCR‐mediated MAIT cell activation. An essential role of T1‐IFNs in regulating MAIT cell activation by riboflavin synthesising bacteria was also demonstrated. The co‐stimulatory role of T1‐IFNs was also evident in liver‐derived MAIT cells. T1‐IFNs acted directly on MAIT cells to enhance their response to TCR stimulation. Overall, our findings establish an important immunomodulatory role of T1‐IFNs during TCR‐mediated MAIT cell activation.
Are Vietnamese farmers able to combat global climate change? A case study on perceptions and attitudes towards sustainable forest management and REDD+ in Central Vietnam

ABSTRACT Global efforts to combat climate change has led to the establishment of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation program (REDD+). This study concerns the implementation of REDD+ among local landscapes and communities in Vietnam. How do affected forest-dependent households perceive their roles in sustainable forest management and REDD+ and how do these perceptions and attitudes influence the (potential) socio-ecological performance of REDD+? Two communes consisting of forest-dependent and indigenous communities in Central Vietnam were selected for this study–the former involved in the UN-REDD program and the latter involved in a REDD+ program of Fauna and Flora International (FFI). Here, we differentiated between a ‘do no harm’ and pro-carbon (UN-REDD), and pro-poor (FFI-REDD+) approach to REDD+. Employing an applied socio-ecological systems framework, we conducted household surveys (n = 102) and we adopted qualitative research methods. This study identified the importance of traditional ecological knowledge systems in sustainable forest management. While pro-poor REDD+ was more inclusive, both REDD+ programs in our study were implemented in a top down manner. Lastly, households’ attitudes and perceptions towards rulemaking, sanctioning, monitoring, cultural capital (beliefs and worldviews) and forest protection technology were identified as (potential) local drivers for successful REDD+ implementation in both communes.
Characterizing university students’ self-regulated learning behavior using dispositional learning analytics

Learning analytics can be used in conjunction with learner dispositions to identify at-risk students and provide personalized guidance on how to improve. Participants in the current study were students (n=192) studying a first year anatomy and physiology course. A two-step cluster analysis was performed using learning analytics data from the learning management system and self-regulated learning behavior from meta-learning assessment tasks. Three clusters of students were identified – high, medium and low self-regulated learners. High self-regulated learners were engaged with the meta-learning tasks, reported the most self-regulated learning strategies and used new strategies during semester. They also had the highest academic achievement. Compared to low self-regulated leaners, medium self-regulated learners were more engaged in the meta-learning tasks and used more learning strategies during semester, including new strategies; however, both medium and low self-regulated learners had similar levels of academic achievement. It is possible that the medium self-regulated learners represent students who were attempting to improve their learning, but had not yet found strategies that were right for them. Future evaluation of academic performance may determine whether the attempts to improve learning by medium self-regulated learners distinguishes them from low self-regulated learners in the later years of their study.
Estudio palinológico de la tribu Hedysareae (Leguminose)

En este trabajo se estudia la morfologia del polen de 93 especies, pertenecientes a 19 generos, en su mayoria americanos, de la tribu Hedysareae (Leguminosae) y de 3 especies de Adesmia (Adesmieae). En base a este estudio se establecen relaciones palinologicas entre los distintos generos. En este sentido los caracteres de mayor valor taxonomico son: tipo de abertura y de ornamentacion. De acuerdo a ellos se agrupan los generos en 3 grupos bien definidos: - granos colpados y, semitectados: Stylosanthes, Arachis, Zornia, Pachecoa y Chapmannia ; - granos colporados y semitectados: Aeschynomene, Chaetocalyx, Lespedeza y Poiretia ; - granos colporados y tectados: Nissolia, Bergeronia, Desmodium, Coronilla y Ornithopus . En este ultimo grupo, la ornamentacion del tectum es caracteristica de cada genero, lo que permite identificarlos. Ademas, en base a los datos aportados por el polen, se evalua la posicion taxonomica de los generos Zornia, Lespedeza y Discolobium .
From Drift to Draft: How Much Do Beneficial Mutations Actually Contribute to Predictions of Ohta’s Slightly Deleterious Model of Molecular Evolution?

Since its inception in 1973, the slightly deleterious model of molecular evolution, also known as the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution, remains a central model to explain the main patterns of DNA polymorphism in natural populations. This is not to say that the quantitative fit to data are perfect. A recent study used polymorphism data from Drosophila melanogaster to test whether, as predicted by the nearly neutral theory, the proportion of effectively neutral mutations depends on the effective population size (Ne). It showed that a nearly neutral model simply scaling with Ne variation across the genome could not alone explain the data, but that consideration of linked positive selection improves the fit between observations and predictions. In the present article, we extended the work in two main directions. First, we confirmed the observed pattern on a set of 59 species, including high-quality genomic data from 11 animal and plant species with different mating systems and effective population sizes, hence a priori different levels of linked selection. Second, for the 11 species with high-quality genomic data we also estimated the full distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of mutations, and not solely the DFE of deleterious mutations. Both Ne and beneficial mutations contributed to the relationship between the proportion of effectively neutral mutations and local Ne across the genome. In conclusion, the predictions of the slightly deleterious model of molecular evolution hold well for species with small Ne, but for species with large Ne, the fit is improved by incorporating linked positive selection to the model.
Effect of marine algae supplementation on the fatty acid profile of milk of dairy goats kept indoor and on pasture

Nowadays, there has been increased interest in the modification of the fatty acid composition of milk and milk products by different feeding strategies. Composition of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and rumenic acid (c9t11 C18:2) in milk, which could be improved by different way of feeding methods is the main concern. Increasing the supply of n-3 PUFA (such as grazing, oils, seeds or algae supplements) in the diet is one of the most essential ways of improving the bioactive composition of goat milk. Earlier reports showed that grazing considerably increased the rumenic acid and n-3 fatty acids contents in goat milk (Pajor et al., 2009; Delgadillo Puga et al., 2015). However, the most popular way to improve composition of foodstuffs by n-3 PUFA is supplementing animal diets with different plant oils, seeds, fish oil, freshwater and marine algae (Moate et al., 2013; Tsiplakou et al., 2017; Białek et al., 2018a). Moreover, fish oil and marine algae supplements in diets of ruminants are ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the Schizochytrium limacinum marine algae on the fatty acid profile of goat milk, with particular reference to n-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and rumenic acid. Forty dairy goats were randomly allocated to four groups: C – fed with 1500 g alfalfa hay and 600 g concentrate; CMA – received the same forages and concentrate supplemented with 15 g/head/day microalgae; P – kept on pasture with 600 g concentrate; PMA – kept on pasture with 600 g concentrate with microalgae inclusion (15 g/head/day). The C and CMA groups were housed indoors, while the goats from P and PMA groups were kept on a natural pasture. The experiment lasted 31 days, including the last 10 days of sampling period. Marine algae feeding had no negative effect on milk yield and milk composition. The microalgae inclusion considerably increased DHA concentration in milk in both marine algae groups (0.40% in CMA and 0.39% in PMA), and additionally the n-6/n-3 ratio was also more favourable in the microalgae supplemented groups (1.25 and 1.37 in CMA and PMA groups, respectively) as compared to the C and P groups respectively in which this ratio was 2.30 and 1.44 (P < 0.01). Also, marine algae supplementation increased the concentration of rumenic acid (0.89% and 1.07% in CMA and PMA groups, respectively) in milk in comparison to C (0.46%) and P (0.77%) groups. So, it can be concluded that diet supplemented with microalgae significantly increased the concentration of beneficial fatty acids in goat milk. Received: 14 September 2018 Revised: 28 February 2019 Accepted: 18 June 2019
Brain Metastasis in a Young Patient with Uterine Carcinosarcoma

Uterine carcinosarcoma occurs almost exclusively in post-menopausal women and often carries high rates of disease recurrence and mortality. Central nervous system involvement is extremely rare with less than 10 reported cases in the literature. Here we present a young pre-menopausal patient with metastatic malignant mixed Mullerian tumor who developed cerebral metastasis while on systemic chemotherapy.
Crop Growth and Productivity of Rainy Maize-garden Pea Copping Sequence as Influenced by Kappaphycus and Gracilaria Saps at Alluvial Soil of West Bengal, India

Aim: Cereal-legume cropping system has been proved to be one of the best alternatives for a productive as well as profitable farming in West Bengal. Maize is an important cereal crop which is widely grown during rainy (kharif) season throughout the State. While garden pea, a short duration winter (rabi) season vegetable, can easily fit in any existing cereal-legume cropping system. The present nutrient management strategies solely relay on NPK based chemical fertilizer application which results in the gradual deterioration in soil physical and chemical properties and stagnant crop yield. To maximize production level by spraying extracts of natural products that contain stimulants, is a strategic move to overcome the ill effects of the use of excessive doses of inorganic fertilizer. Methodology: The present field experiment was conducted in Nadia district, West Bengal during rainy and winter season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to assess the impact of seaweed extracts on crop growth and productivity under maize-garden pea cropping sequence. There were four concentrations of Kappaphycus seaweed sap (K-sap) (5.0 and 10%); two concentrations of GA3 free K-sap (5.0 and 10%); two concentrations of Gracillaria seaweed sap (G-sap) (5.0 and 10%) and a control [Recommended dose (RD) of NPK only]. Results: Experimental results revealed that the foliar application of K-sap (10%) along with RD of NPK resulted in an impressive performance of both the crops in terms of growth (plant height, biomass, crop growth rate), yield attributes and yield, which was closely, followed G sap (10%). Throughout the growth period of garden pea, plants received recommended dose of fertilizer supplemented with K-sap at 10% concentration recorded significantly highest biomass production (56.94, 170.02 and 309.37 g m-2 respectively). Conclusion: This may be concluded that the foliar application of 10% K-sap along with RD of NPK can be recommended for maize-garden pea cropping sequence.
Analysis of Economic Feasibility of Ash and Maple Lamella Production for Glued Laminated Timber

Background and Objectives: In the near future, in Europe a raised availability of hardwoods is expected. One possible sales market is the building sector, where medium dense European hardwoods could be used as load bearing elements. For the hardwood species beech, oak, and sweet chestnut technical building approvals already allow the production of hardwood glulam. For the species maple and ash this is not possible yet. This paper aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of glulam production from low dimension ash and maple timber from thinnings. Therefore, round wood qualities and the resulting lumber qualities are assessed and final as well as intermediate yields are calculated. Materials and Methods: 81 maple logs and 79 ash logs cut from trees from thinning operations in mixed (beech) forest stands were visually graded, cant sawn, and turned into strength-graded glulam lamellas. The volume yield of each production step was calculated. Results: The highest volume yield losses occur during milling of round wood (around 50%) and “presorting and planning” the dried lumber (56–60%). Strength grading is another key process in the production process. When grading according to DIN 4074-5 (2008), another 40–50% volume loss is reported, while combined visual and machine grading only produces 7–15% rejects. Conclusions: Yield raise potentials were identified especially in the production steps milling, presorting and planning and strength grading.
GUILD PAKAN KOMUNITAS BURUNG DI DKI JAKARTA

Green space which is available in Jakarta could be used as a birds habitat. The study of the feeding guild may be a useful indicator of the environment disturbance. Therefore, this study was expected to provide information on the bird composition by using the feeding guild as consideration in managing green space in Jakarta. Bird species data obtained from research during May to July 2014 were grouped based on the response to the feeding guild. Bird species were grouped into 12 feeding guilds and every species could only had one feeding guild. Based on studies in 21 green space in Jakarta, 162 species of birds were found with the insectivorous birds in tree canopy (36 species or 22,22%) and fish eater (28 species; 17,28%) as the most dominant feeding guild. Keywords: bird, DKI Jakarta, feed, green space, guild
Assessment of variability for seed yield, component characters and MYMV disease resistance in segregating populations of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

Magnitude of variability in two F2 populations involving Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease susceptible (MDU 1) and resistance (Mash 114 and Mash 1008) parents viz., MDU 1 x Mash 114 and MDU 1 x Mash 1008 of blackgram was studied. Magnitude of GCV was high for number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, MYMV disease score at 45 DAS, MYMV disease score at 60 DAS and seed yield per plant in both populations.High heritabilitycoupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recordednumber of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, MYMV disease score at 60 DAS and seed yield per plant in the both the populations. These characters might be controlled by additive gene effects and hence selection will be effective for this character. Skewness revealed that distribution of population wasnegatively skewed for 100-seed weight in both populations. Kurtosis revealed that platykurtic curve was observed for number of seeds per pod in the F2 population of both crosses. Hence, these traits can be improved by directional selection in both populations. Considering the kurtosis for MYMV disease score at 45 DASand 60 DAS, the cross MDU 1 x Mash 1008 had platykurtic nature. Hence selection may be effected in this cross to evolve high yielding MYMV disease resistant variety in blackgram.
Multi-modal referring expressions in human-human task descriptions and their implications for human-robot interaction

Human instructors often refer to objects and actions involved in a task description using both linguistic and non-linguistic means of communication. Hence, for robots to engage in natural human-robot interactions, we need to better understand the various relevant aspects of human multi-modal task descriptions. We analyse reference resolution to objects in a data collection comprising two object manipulation tasks (22 teacher student interactions in Task 1 and 16 in Task 2) and find that 78.76% of all referring expressions to the objects relevant in Task 1 are verbally underspecified and 88.64% of all referring expressions are verbally underspecified in Task 2. The data strongly suggests that a language processing module for robots must be genuinely multi-modal, allowing for seamless integration of information transmitted in the verbal and the visual channel, whereby tracking the speaker’s eye gaze and gestures as well as object recognition are necessary preconditions.
Histone H2AK119 Mono-Ubiquitination Is Essential for Polycomb-Mediated Transcriptional Repression

The major function of Polycomb group proteins (PcG) is to maintain transcriptional repression to preserve cellular identity. This is exerted by two distinct repressive complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, that modify histones by depositing H2AK119ub1 and H3K27me3, respectively. Both complexes are essential for development and are deregulated in several types of human tumors. PRC1 and PRC2 exist in different variants and show a complex regulatory cross-talk. However, the contribution that H2AK119ub1 plays in mediating PcG repressive functions remains largely controversial. Coupling an inducible system with the expression of a fully catalytic inactive RING1B mutant, we demonstrated that H2AK119ub1 deposition is essential to maintain PcG-target genes repressed in ESC. Loss of H2AK119ub1 induced a rapid displacement of PRC2 activity and a loss of H3K27me3 deposition. This affected both PRC2.1 and PRC2.2 variants and further correlated with a strong displacement and destabilization of canonical PRC1. Finally, we find that variant PRC1 forms can sense H2AK119ub1 deposition, which contributes to their stabilization specifically at sites where this modification is highly enriched. Overall our data place H2AK119ub1 deposition as central hub that mount PcG repressive machineries to preserve cell transcriptional identity.
Suitability of some Sweet Sorghum Varieties for Bioethanol Production

Bio-ethanol or microbial ethanol is a renewable eco-friendly energy source can be produced from bio-mass (hemicelluloses). Sweet sorghum, with sugar-rich stalks and water-use efficiency, has a very good potential as an alternative feedstock for ethanol production and also non-competing with human food on land. This study evaluates the exploitation of juice and bagasse of four varieties of sweet sorghum for microbial ethanol production which can further improve the energy yield of the sweet sorghum crops. The sweet sorghum varieties, Ramada, GK-coba, SS-301 and Mn-4508 were tested for their productivity, also, its sugar and fiber contents were determined. The four sweet sorghum varieties significantly differed in juice, bagasse and stripped stalk yield. The fiber-rich bagasse, resulting from squeezing the striped stalks and the sugar-rich juice, were used for microbial ethanol production by two microorganisms; Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis. Varieties GK-coba, Mn-4508 and SS-301 were utilized for microbial ethanol production directly from juice where their stalks contained high sugar contents. While, stalks of varieties Ramada and SS-301 had higher content of fibers, so their bagasse were used for microbial ethanol production. Bagasse of sweet sorghum was pretreated and hydrolyzed thermo-chemically for bioethanol production. Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae or mixed-culture of both organisms at a ratio (1:1) were used to ferment sweet sorghum sugars or hydrolyzed neutralized sweet sorghum bagasse to produce microbial ethanol. Results indicated that juice and bagasse of sweet sorghum variety SS-301, by the mixed-culture treatment, gave the highest microbial ethanol production. From the juice, microbial ethanol concentration was 51.36ml/l, whereas from sweet sorghum bagasse, microbial ethanol concentration was 10.5ml/l. 210ml of microbial ethanol can be produced from 1kg of sweet sorghum bagasse for variety SS-301. keywords: Zymomonas mobilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Bioethanol, Sweet sorghum; Bagasse, Juice
How does grasshopper Oxya chinensis respond to the artificially infected bacteria?

Oxya chinensis is one of the most widespread grasshopper species found in China and one of the most common pests against rice. Due to the importance of haemocytes in insect immunity and limited information on the haemocytes of O. chinensis, their haemocytes were examined in detail. The cellular response of the grasshopper was challenged with bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The morphology of the haemocytes was illustrated by the use of light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, where different morphological varieties of haemocytes were observed. Granulocytes and plasmatocytes responded to the challenged bacteria by phagocytosis. The histochemical staining has indicated the presence of acid phosphatase in plasmatocytes and granulocytes. Non-phagocytic prohemocytes and vermicytes were noticed, but their functions in the circulation are unclear. Our results demonstrate an essential role of plasmatocytes and granulocytes in the innate immunity of O. chinensis. Insect haemocytes play a crucial role in cellular immunity, and further research is needed for a comprehensive understanding. Summary statement The cellular response was used by Oxya chinensis against the bacterial challenges where two types of haemocytes shared the duty of phagocytosis.
MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI LITERASI INFORMASI GURU PUSTAKAWAN SEKOLAH

Massive open online learning program course one form of technology-based learning is done online information and to support the ownership of information literacy skills for library personnel. In the school library, information literacy is the ability to produce the form of practical problem solving to find information, use the information to share information with the information and communication technology. In particular, the problems that need to be analyzed in the context of information literacy learning for school library personnel are: Firstly, how to raise awareness for actively engaged, participatory and self have information literacy ? ; Second, how understanding of library information literacy includes the identification of information needs, information retrieval, information use and sharing of information through a miniature of massive open onlinelearning course ? In general, the methods used in this program is through the development of forms of learning and research on a limited scale. The next stage of knowledge transfer activities through a learning process, assignment and evaluation concludes openly and online. Keywords: Online Learning, Literacy, Personal Library.