Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Wind Turbine Loads During Thunderstorm Downbursts in Contrasting Atmospheric Stability Regimes

Severe winds produced by thunderstorm downbursts pose a serious risk to the structural integrity of wind turbines. However, guidelines for wind turbine design (such as the International Electrotechnical Commission Standard, IEC 61400-1) do not describe the key physical characteristics of such events realistically. In this study, a large-eddy simulation model is employed to generate several idealized downburst events during contrasting atmospheric stability conditions that range from convective through neutral to stable. Wind and turbulence fields generated from this dataset are then used as inflow for a 5-MW land-based wind turbine model; associated turbine loads are estimated and compared for the different inflow conditions. We first discuss time-varying characteristics of the turbine-scale flow fields during the downbursts; next, we investigate the relationship between the velocity time series and turbine loads as well as the influence and effectiveness of turbine control systems (for blade pitch and nacelle yaw). Finally, a statistical analysis is conducted to assess the distinct influences of the contrasting stability regimes on extreme and fatigue loads on the wind turbine.
Seen and Heard : Involving Children in Dependency Court

E-mail: childlawpractice@staff.abanet. org Internet: http://www.childlawpractice. org ◆ Major national child welfare organizations agree that youth should participate to some extent in their child welfare hearings. However, little guidance exists to help professionals involve children in court proceedings in meaningful ways. This article addresses the following issues: How and to what extent should children participate.
Hardware Implementations of NIST Lightweight Cryptographic Candidates: A First Look

The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has embarked on a multi-year effort called the lightweight cryptography (LWC) standardization process to evaluate lightweight (LW) authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) and optional hash algorithms for inclusion in U.S. federal standards. As candidates are evaluated for many characteristics including hardware resources and performance, obtaining results of hardware implementations as early as possible is preferable. In this research, we implement three NIST LWC Round 2 candidate ciphers, SpoC, Spook, and GIFT-COFB, in the Artix7 FPGA. Implementations are compliant with the previously-validated CAESAR hardware applications programming interface (CAESAR HW API) for authenticated ciphers and are tested in actual hardware. Results indicate that SpoC is the smallest in terms of area, requiring 1344 look-up tables (LUTs), while GIFT-COFB has the highest throughput-to-area (TPA) ratio at 0.154 Mbps/LUT. The results also illustrate the hardware implementation challenges of integrating multiple cryptographic primitives into one design, as well as complexities due to padding and truncation.
LG ] 24 M ay 2 01 6 Strongly-Typed Recurrent Neural Networks

Recurrent neural networks are increasing popular models for sequential learning. Unfortunately, although the most effective RNN architectures are perhaps excessively complicated, extensive searches have not found simpler alternatives. This paper imports ideas from physics and functional programming into RNN design to provide guiding principles. From physics, we introduce type constraints, analogous to the constraints that forbids adding meters to seconds. From functional programming, we require that strongly-typed architectures factorize into stateless learnware and state-dependent firmware, reducing the impact of side-effects. The features learned by strongly-typed nets have a simple semantic interpretation via dynamic averagepooling on one-dimensional convolutions. We also show that strongly-typed gradients are better behaved than in classical architectures, and characterize the representational power of stronglytyped nets. Finally, experiments show that, despite being more constrained, strongly-typed architectures achieve lower training and comparable generalization error to classical architectures.
Releasing a thoroughly annotated and processed spontaneous emotional database: the FAU Aibo Emotion Corpus

We report on a thoroughly processed and annotated German emotional speech database (children interacting with Sony’s Aibo robot): 51 children, some 48 k words, 9.2 hours of speech, 5 labellers, word-based annotation of emotional user states. Several additional annotations as well as a mapping onto higher units of different granularity have been carried out. The database will eventually be made available for scientiﬁc use; in the licensing agreement, we plan to include mandatory benchmark constellations in order to make a comparison across sites possible.
Empowering Cyberbullied Youth : A Solution-Focused Adlerian Counseling Model

Cyberbullying is a growing concern due to enhanced use of social media and other forms of technology. Anonymity offers an opportunity for youth to bully others without being seen. The consequences of such actions can be devastating for victims, resulting in the need for counseling programs in order to address the issue. Within this article, background information on cyberbullying including prevalence, definition, consequences, gender and cultural differences, types, and risk factors precedes details of a four session counseling program. The model infuses art, solution-focused brief therapy, and Adlerian techniques into a session that empowers the cyberbullying victim.
he effects of rose hip ( Rosa canina ) on plasma antioxidative activity and-reactive protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal controls : prospective cohort study ente

Objectives: Rose hip (Rosa canina) has been used as an herbal remedy against a wide range of ailments including inflammatory disorders. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of rose hips have been evaluated in vitro and active constituents have been isolated. Rose hip contains antioxidant nutrients and an anti-inflammatory galactolipid. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease where activated cells release reactive oxygen substances. Thus it could be relevant to investigate if rose hip had an anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant effect in this situation. Methods: In this open case–control study 20 female patients with RA and 10 female controls were given 10.5 g rose hip powder daily (Litozin®) for 28 days. Blood samples were analysed at baseline and follow-up for the capacity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase and the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). The participants kept a food diary for the first 3 days and the last 3 days of the intervention period. The RA-patients completed The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. Results: CRP-concentrations of both patients and healthy controls did not change. Nor was any effect found on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. There was no difference in food intake at baseline, but in the last week the RA-group reduced their energy intake. Conclusions: 10.5 g Litozin® in 28 days had neither effect on clinical symptoms or laboratory measurements in patients with RA or healthy controls. This is in contrast to previous intervention studies with rose hip powder that found a reduction in the concentration of CRP. The results of the present study indicate that a daily amount of approximately 10 g rose hip powder for one month has no anti-inflammatory . and/or antioxidant effect
IMPEDIMENTS TO MUSIC PROGRAM ENROLLMENT IN RURAL CENTRAL APPALACHIA : A

Low enrollment is a significant issue for many music programs across the country. In rural Central Appalachia, it is one of the most prominent topics of discussion among music educators. The purpose of this project was to explore the literature on music program recruitment and retention as it might relate to sociological factors faced by music programs in rural Central Appalachia. Literature on the topics of socio-economic status, ethnocentrism, musical preferences, program enrollment, and their effects on recruitment and retention was reviewed. A number of strategies such as the inclusion of creative tasks, including composition and improvisation as well as alternative music curriculum strands, were suggested for generating appeal and maintaining student interest. Finally, I concluded this project with examples and suggestions of my own which have been informed by this review.
NEPS Working Papers

The National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) aims at investigating the development of competences across the whole life span and tests for assessing the different competence domains are developed. In order to evaluate the quality of the competence tests, a wide range of analyses has been performed based on Item Response Theory (IRT). This paper describes the reading competence data of starting cohort 4 in ninth grade. Next to descriptive statistics of the data, the scaling model applied to estimate competence scores, analyses performed to investigate the quality of the scale, as well as the results of these analyses are presented. The reading test in ninth grade consisted of 33 items, which represented different cognitive requirements and text functions and used different response formats. 13,933 subjects participated in the reading test. For scaling the competence test, a partial credit model was applied to the data. Item fit statistics, differential item functioning, Rasch-homogeneity, the tests’ dimensionality, and local item independence were evaluated to ensure the quality of the test. The results show that the items fitted well to the model and that test fairness could be confirmed. The test’s high reliability guarantees precise and differentiating ability estimates for the students. However, many items are targeted towards a lower reading ability. While the different comprehension requirements seem to form a unidimensional structure, the findings point at some multidimensionality based on text functions. Altogether, the reading test exhibited good psychometric properties and, therefore, the estimation of a reliable reading competence score is supported. The data available in the Scientific Use File are described and ConQuest-Syntax for scaling the data is provided.
Sharing the Value-at-Risk Under Distributional Ambiguity

This paper considers the problem of risk sharing, where a coalition of homogeneous agents, each bearing a random cost, aggregates their costs and shares the value-at-risk of such a risky position. Due to limited distributional information in practice, the joint distribution of agents' random costs is difficult to acquire. The coalition, being aware of the distributional ambiguity, thus evaluates the worst-case value-at-risk within a commonly agreed ambiguity set of the possible joint distributions. Through the lens of cooperative game theory, we show that this coalitional worst-case value-at-risk is subadditive for the popular ambiguity sets in the distributionally robust optimization literature that are based on (i) convex moments or (ii) Wasserstein distance to some reference distributions. In addition, we propose easy-to-compute core allocation schemes to share the worst-case value-at-risk. Our results can be readily extended to sharing the worst-case conditional value-at-risk under distributional ambiguity.
BENEFITS OF JACO ROBOTIC ARM ON INDEPENDENT LIVING AND SOCIAL PARTICIPATION : AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

The JACO robotic arm aims to overcome several problems encountered by existing commercial rehabilitation manipulators that are used as an assistive device by individuals with physical impairments. This project addresses the gap in our understanding of the benefits of robotic arms such as JACO. Objectives are to investigate if JACO can improve independent living and social participation of individuals with upper extremity impairments, and to document the users’ perceived satisfaction and their perceived quality of life (QoL). We also aim to pilot our experimental procedure before conducting a larger clinical trial. This project supports the hypotheses that JACO can improve independence and social participation. JACO is well appreciated by users and it has a positive impact on QoL. To attain valid and generalizable conclusions, additional data need to be collected in home and community settings with a larger sample, stronger research design and better assessment tools.
BiLSTM BiLSTM BiLSTM BiLSTM Hidden Encoder States Word embeddings w 1 w 2 w 3 w 4

Neural sequence-to-sequence models are a recently proposed family of approaches used in abstractive summarization of text documents, useful for producing condensed versions of source text narratives without being restricted to using only words from the original text. Despite the advances in abstractive summarization, custom generation of summaries (e.g. towards a user’s preference) remains unexplored. In this paper, we present CATS, an abstractive neural summarization model, that summarizes content in a sequenceto-sequence fashion but also introduces a new mechanism to control the underlying latent topic distribution of the produced summaries. Our experimental results on the well-known CNN/DailyMail dataset show that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance.
RAPID ADAPTATION TO TALKER-SPECIFIC PHONETIC DETAIL IS DISRUPTED BY NONINVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION

To resolve variation in acoustic-phonemic correspondences across talkers, listeners adapt to talkers’ phonetic idiosyncrasies using preceding speech. Previous studies measured increased neural response in superior temporal lobe to talker variability, but it is unknown whether this region is causally involved in talker adaptation. We investigated how noninvasive brain stimulation affected talker adaptation during a speech processing task that factorially manipulated talker variability (single vs. mixed talkers) and speech context (isolated words vs. connected speech). In a between-subjects design, listeners received anodal, cathodal, or sham transcranial direct current stimulation of left superior temporal lobe while identifying target words. Connected speech reduced processing costs associated with mixed talkers; however, this effect was significantly attenuated under both anodal and cathodal stimulation compared to sham. Stimulation of left superior temporal lobe disrupts the brain’s ability to use speech context to adapt to a talker, revealing this region’s causal role in talker adaptation.
Is Your Gain My Pain? Effects of Relative Income and Inequality on Psychological Well-being

We test the causal effect of changes in own wealth, relative wealth, and inequality on psychological well-being and consumption by leveraging exogenous changes in household wealth, village mean wealth, and village inequality resulting from a randomized controlled trial of unconditional cash transfers in Kenya. We find that increases in own wealth lead to large and robust increases in well-being. Increases in neighbors’ wealth, proxied by the mean wealth of a village, have a negative effect on an index of psychological well-being variables. This effect is driven by a negative effect on life satisfaction; we find no effect of relative wealth on measures of happiness, depression, or stress. We also find suggestive evidence of a negative consumption response to increases in village mean wealth, though it is imprecisely estimated. Finally, we are able to speak to the casual effect of changes in overall comparison group inequality, holding constant an individual’s rank within the group. We find that such changes in inequality have no effect on well-being or consumption. ∗Haushofer: Department of Psychology and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 427 Peretsman-Scully Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540, NBER, and Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Nairobi, Kenya (email: haushofer@princeton.edu). Reisinger: Harvard University Kennedy School of Government, 79 John F. Kennedy St, Cambridge, MA 02138 (reisinger@g.harvard.edu). Shapiro: Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Daykio Plaza, Nairobi, Kenya (jeremypshapiro@gmail.com). We thank Justin Abraham, Nava Ashraf, Victoria Baranov, Michela Carlana, Kevin Carney, Janet Currie, Holly Dykstra, Ilyana Kuziemko, Alexis Grigorieff, Michala Iben Riis-Vestergaard, Chaning Jang, Dean Karlan, Paul Niehaus, Matthew Rabin, Chris Roth, Dan Sacks, Catherine Thomas, and Tom Vogl for comments and discussion. All errors are our own. This research was supported by NIH Grant R01AG039297 and Cogito Foundation Grant R-116/10 to Johannes Haushofer.
Birthday, Name and Bifacial-security: Understanding Passwords of Chinese Web Users

Much attention has been paid to passwords chosen by English speaking users, yet only a few studies have examined how non-English speaking users select passwords. In this paper, we perform an extensive, empirical analysis of 73.1 million real-world Chinese web passwords in comparison with 33.2 million English counterparts. We highlight a number of interesting structural and semantic characteristics in Chinese passwords. We further evaluate the security of these passwords by employing two state-of-the-art cracking techniques. In particular, our cracking results reveal the bifacialsecurity nature of Chinese passwords. They are weaker against online guessing attacks (i.e., when the allowed guess number is small, 1∼104) than English passwords. But out of the remaining Chinese passwords, they are stronger against offline guessing attacks (i.e., when the guess number is large, >105) than their English counterparts. This reconciles two conflicting claims about the strength of Chinese passwords made by Bonneau (IEEE S&P’12) and Li et al. (Usenix Security’14 and IEEE TIFS’16). At 107 guesses, the success rate of our improved PCFG-based attack against the Chinese datasets is 33.2%∼49.8%, indicating that our attack can crack 92% to 188% more passwords than the state of the art. We also discuss the implications of our findings for password policies, strength meters and cracking.
Poverty , Seasonal Scarcity and Exchange Asymmetries : Evidence from Small-Scale Farmers in Rural Zambia ∗

A growing literature associates resource scarcity with biases in decision-making. We investigate this link in a sample of over 3,000 small-scale farmers in Zambia, who completed a total of 5,842 decision experiments involving the opportunity to exchange randomly assigned household items for alternative items of similar value. We observe large exchange asymmetries – the so-called endowment effect – with an average trading probability of 34 percent, 16 percentage points below the trading rate predicted by neoclassical theory. Consistent with both increased attention and larger potential trading losses with higher value items, exchange asymmetries are smallest when the value of the traded items is high and when participants are relatively resource constrained. In our sample, both cross-sectional and seasonal scarcity improves the quality of decision-making, moving behavior closer to standard economic predictions. We find no corresponding systematic relationship between scarcity and performance on cognitive tasks.
and Technology 1102 2 D and 3 D Reflection Seismic Studies over Scandinavian Deformation Zones

Lundberg, E. 2014. 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Studies over Scandinavian Deformation Zones. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1102. i-x, 57 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-8817-8. The study of deformation zones is of great geological interest since these zones can separate rocks with different characteristics. The geometry of these structures with depth is important for interpreting the geological history of an area. Paper I to III present 2D reflection seismic data over deformation zones targeting structures in the upper 3-4 km of the crust. These seismic profiles were acquired with a crooked-line recording geometry. 2D seismic processing assumes a straight recording geometry. Most seismic processing tools were developed for subhorizontally layered structures. However, in the crystalline rocks in Scandinavia more complex structures with contrasting dip directions and folding are common. The crooked-line recording geometries have the benefit of sampling a 3D volume. This broader sampling can be used to gain knowledge about the true geometry of subsurface structures. Correlation with geological maps and other geophysical data along with seismic data modeling can be used to differentiate reflections from faults or fracture zones from other reflectivity, e.g. mafic bodies. Fault and fracture zones may have a large impedance contrast to surrounding rocks, while ductile shear zones usually do not. The ductile shear zones can instead be interpreted based on differing reflectivity patterns between domains and correlations with geology or magnetic maps. Paper IV presents 3D reflection seismic data from a quick-clay landslide site in southern Sweden. The area is located in a deformation zone and structures in unconsolidated sediments may have been influenced by faults in the bedrock. The main target layer is located at only 20 m depth, but good surface conditions during acquisition and careful processing enabled a clear seismic image of this shallow layer to be obtained.The research presented in this thesis provides increased knowledge about subsurface structures in four geologically important areas. The unconventional processing methods used are recommended to future researchers working with data from crooked-line recording geometries in crystalline environments. The imaging of shallow structures at the quick-clay landslide site shows that the 3D reflection seismic method can be used as a complement to other geophysical measurements for shallow landslide site investigations.
The Link between Gender Diversity and Innovation : What is the Role of Firm Size ?

Recent studies have included gender diversity as a driver of innovations at firm level. This paper analyses the effect that firm size may exert on the link between gender diversity and the probability of innovating. We use a panel data set constructed from various waves of the Spanish Community Innovation Survey that contains 5,383 firms during the period 2007‒2012. Applying a multivariate probit model and controlling for endogeneity, we analyse the effect of gender diversity on different innovation outputs—product, process, marketing and organizational innovations. Our results confirm our hypothesis that firm size exerts a moderating role between gender diversity and the probability of innovating. We highlight two results. First, small firms have greater difficulties in capturing the advantages of gender diversity during the innovation process as compared to large firms. Second, the impact of gender diversity on innovation outcomes differs according to the innovation type. JEL Code: O30, O31, J16