Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 2 Game Theory Models in Finance

Finance is concerned with how the savings of investors are allocated through financial markets and intermediaries to firms, which use them to fund their activities. Finance can be broadly divided into two fields. The first is asset pricing, which is concerned with the decisions of investors. The second is corporate finance, which is concerned with the decisions of firms. Traditional neoclassical economics did not attach much importance to either kind of finance. It was more concerned with the production, pricing and allocation of inputs and outputs and the operation of the markets for these. Models assumed certainty and in this context financial decisions are relatively straightforward. However, even with this simple methodology, important concepts such as the time value of money and discounting were developed. Finance developed as a field in its own right with the introduction of uncertainty into asset pricing and the recognition that classical analysis failed to explain many aspects of corporate finance. In Sect. 1, we review the set of issues raised and some of the remaining problems with the pre-gametheoretic literature. In Sect. 2, we recount how a first generation of game theory models tackled those problems, and discuss the successes and failures. Our purpose in this section is to point to some of the main themes in the various sub-fields. We do not attempt to provide an introduction to game theory. See Gibbons (1992) for a general introduction to applied game theory and Thakor (1991) for a survey of game theory in finance including an introduction to game theory. Nor do we attempt to be encyclopedic. This first generation of game-theoretic models revolutionized finance but much remains to be explained. Game-theoretic methods continue to develop and we believe that extensions involving richer informational models are especially relevant
Prognostic factors in multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatment in multiple sclerosis: an outcome study

The aim of this outcome study was to evaluate the effectiveness and prognostic factors of inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We analysed 230 consecutive inpatients with MS admitted to an MS rehabilitation ward who followed an individualized, goal-oriented, multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Every patient was submitted to a neurological examination and evaluated by means of Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), with its functional systems (FS), Barthel Index (BI) and the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI). We observed an effectiveness (percentage of potential improvement achieved during rehabilitation) of nearly 16% on BI and 8% on RMI, corresponding to an improvement in 124 patients (54%) on BI and 113 patients (49%) on RMI. Basal EDSS (β= -0.32, p<0.001), cognitive status (β= -0.15, p<0.05) and disease duration (β= -0.13, p<0.05) were negatively associated with effectiveness of treatment on BI (adjusted R2=0.176), whereas effectiveness on RMI was correlated only with the EDSS score (β=-0.34, p<0.001, adjusted R2=0.113). In the logistic regression analysis, the absence of severe sphincteric disturbances was correlated with the probability of improvement on BI that was nearly twice as high (OR=2.25, 95% CI 1.24-4.08) as that of other patients. Moreover, patients without severe cognitive deficits showed a similar probability (OR-2.37, 95% CI 1.05-5.33) of improvement on RMI. The results of this study provide further evidence that intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation in MS is effective in the majority of MS patients and that early treatment may favour functional recovery.
Atomoxetine could improve intra-individual variability in drug-naïve adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comparably with methylphenidate: A head-to-head randomized clinical trial

Objective: Intra-individual variability in reaction time (IIV-RT) is common in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It can be improved by stimulants. However, the effects of atomoxetine on IIV-RT are inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the effects of atomoxetine on IIV-RT, and directly compared its efficacy with methylphenidate in adults with ADHD. Methods: An 8–10 week, open-label, head-to-head, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 52 drug-naïve adults with ADHD, who were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: immediate-release methylphenidate (n=26) thrice daily (10–20 mg per dose) and atomoxetine once daily (n=26) (0.5–1.2 mg/kg/day). IIV-RT, derived from the Conners’ continuous performance test (CCPT), was represented by the Gaussian (reaction time standard error, RTSE) and ex-Gaussian models (sigma and tau). Other neuropsychological functions, including response errors and mean of reaction time, were also measured. Participants received CCPT assessments at baseline and week 8-10 (60.4±6.3 days). Results: We found comparable improvements in performances of CCPT between the immediate-release methylphenidate- and atomoxetine-treated groups. Both medications significantly improved IIV-RT in terms of reducing tau values with comparable efficacy. In addition, both medications significantly improved inhibitory control by reducing commission errors. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence to support that atomoxetine could improve IIV-RT and inhibitory control, of comparable efficacy with immediate-release methylphenidate, in drug-naïve adults with ADHD. Shared and unique mechanisms underpinning these medication effects on IIV-RT awaits further investigation.
SOME BOUNDS ON UNITARY DUALS OF CLASSICAL GROUPS-NON-ARCHIMEDEN

We first give bounds for domains where the unitarizabile subquotients can show up in the parabolically induced representations of classical p-adic groups. Roughly, they can show up only if the central character of the inducing irreducible cuspidal representation is dominated by the square root of the modular character of the minimal parabolic subgroup. For unitarizable subquotients supported by a fixed parabolic subgroup, or in a specific Bernstein component, a more precise bound is given. For the reductive groups of rank at least two, the trivial representation is always isolated in the unitary dual (D. Kazhdan). Still, we may ask if the level of isolation is higher in the case of the automorphic duals, as it is a case in the rank one. We show that the answer is negative to this question for symplectic p-adic groups. In honor of Freydoon Shahidi for his 70 birthday.
THE EFFECT OF ACQUISITION ORDER AND WORD RELATEDNESS ON CODE-SWITCHING COSTS IN BALANCED BILNGUAL SPEAKERS

This paper aims to explore the effect of acquisition order and word-relatedness on code-switching costs in bilingual speakers. 38 Mandarin-Min bilinguals performed a picture-naming task, in which hand-drawn pictures were color-coded for the two languages, Mandarin and Min, and switching points were pre-determined but variable. Results showed that naming latencies of cognates were in general shorter than non-cognates, and Mandarin stimuli were also shorter than Min. Min non-cognates were especially difficult for subjects. Code-switched trials incurred longer latencies in subjects, but only in those who acquired both languages at the same time, contrary to what was predicted by the Inhibitory Control Model.
A building architecture model for predicting femtocell interference in next-generation networks

This work considers the development of an indoor-to-outdoor signal propagation model, which can be used to analyze and reduce the interference in various wireless communication networks, particularly 4G networks with femtocells and macrocells. The developed model is based on generating a large number of floor plans with random, but realistic, designs and use signal attenuation models to analyze the statistical properties of the signal at a certain distance from the indoor transmitter after penetrating through several layers of construction materials such as wall, doors and windows. Further studies conducted using the developed model demonstrated that the walls and buildings could be exploited to act like a shield that reduces the mutual interference of indoor and outdoor transmitters as in the case of femtocells. As an application, the proposed model is used to investigate the effect of the placement of an indoor transmitter on the signal level outdoors. The obtained results demonstrated that optimizing the location of the indoor transmitter can reduce the power leakage to the outdoor environment by about 18.5 dB.
EFFECT OF MODEL FORMULATION OF DISCRETE PARTICLE SIMULATION ON THE GAS FLUIDIZATION BEHAVIOUR

Discrete particle simulation has been recognised as a useful numerical technique to elucidate the fundamentals governing gas-solid flow in fluidisation. In general, it is achieved by combining the discrete flow of a particle phase with the continuum flow of a gas phase; however, different model formulations have been used in the literature, and their effect is not fully understood. This paper attempts to address this matter. The governing equations used are related to the so-called Model A and Model B which give different interpretations of particlefluid interaction in the well-established two fluid model. Their difference is quantified by a numerical simulation of two cases: fluidization of monoor bi-sized particles. Physical experiments are conducted to help clarify this matter. NOMENCLATURE Cd0,i drag coefficient on an isolated particle i, dimensionless E Young’s modulus, Nm f contact, drag or gravitational force, N F volumetric fluid-particle interaction force, Nm g gravitational acceleration, ms I rotational inertia momentum of particle, kgm kc number of particles in a computational cell, dimensionless ki number of particles in contact with i, dimensionless m mass, kg P pressure, Pa Ri particle radius, m Ri vector of magnitude Ri from the mass centre of particle i to a contact point, m Rep,i Reynolds number of particle i, dimensionless t time, s T torque, Nm u gas velocity, ms v solid velocity, ms V volume, m V ∆ volume of computational cell, m ij t , δ vector of the accumulated tangential displacement between particles i and j, m ε porosity, dimensionless μ viscosity, kgms n η normal and tangential damping coefficients, dimensionless t η normal and tangential damping coefficients, dimensionless ρ density, kg/m ω rotational velocity of particle, s τ viscous stress tensor of gas, kgms ν Poisson ratio, Nm SUBSCRIPTS c contact d damping f fluid phase i particle i j particle j p particle
Essential Oils: A Viable Control Strategy to Ensure Safe Storage of Food Grains

Stored commodities and their products are subjected to severe infestation due to the deleterious effect of insect pests. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of six essential oils derived from indigenous medicinal plants (i.e., Melia azadirach, Achyranthus aspera, Sasurrea costus, Ferula narthex, Viola odorata and Linium usitatissium) as repellent, contact insecticidal and growth regulators against Tribolium castaneum, a serious pest of stored cereals. The results revealed that highest repellency 91.67% was observed in case of M. azadirach followed by A. aspera (85.00%) at 15% concentration. Minimum value of repellency was 35.00% and that was caused by V. odorata. Mortality was highest (9.30%) in M. azadirach treatment application, while minimum (0.78%) in case of A. aspera and that was at par with L. usitatissium (0.78%). Percent pupation was maximum in case of V. odorata and L. usitatissium and was minimum where M. azadirach treatment was done. The highest pupation inhibition was caused by M. azadirach oil application. The data showed that adult emergence was highest (98.34%) in L. usitatissium treatment application and was minimum (36.65%) in M. azadirach, followed by F. narthex (46.38%).
Teacher personality traits and student instructional ratings in six types of university courses

Colleague ratings of 29 personality traits were studied in relation to student ratings of teaching effectiveness in a sample of 46 psychology teachers. Instructors were evaluated in six different types of university courses, ranging from freshman lecture classes to graduate research seminars. Major findings were as follows: (I) Rated teaching effectiveness varied substantially across different types of courses for a given instructor; (2) teaching effectiveness in each type of course could be predicted with considerable accuracy from colleague ratings of personality; and (3) the specific personality traits contributing to effective teaching differed markedly for different course types. It was concluded that psychology instructors tend to be differentially suited to different types of courses and furthermore that the compatibility of instructors to courses is determined in part by personality characteristics. Student ratings have gained widespread acceptance over the past 20 years as a measure of teaching effectiveness in North American colleges and universities. This trend has resulted in part from political factors and in part from research showing that student ratings can provide reliable and valid information on certain aspects of university teaching. Although findings are sometimes contradictory, the weight of evidence suggests that student ratings of a given instructor are reasonably stable across items, raters, and time periods; are affected to only a minor extent by extraneous factors such as class size and severity of grading; are consistent with comparable ratings made by alumni, colleagues, and trained classroom observers; and most important of all, are significantly correlated with more objective measures of teaching effectiveness, such as student performance on standardized examina
Bearing Capacity Determination by Multiple Regression

Terzaghi’s equations have been widely used for the determination of bearing capacity of soil. The research focused on the specific contributions of cohesion and angle of internal friction to bearing capacity of soil, making use of Terzaghi’s equations. Samples of subsoil were obtained from three different locations. In their natural states, the samples were subjected to basic index properties tests; their cohesion and angle of internal friction were also measured and natural bearing capacity determined. Thereafter, fines were separated from coarse content of the soil. The fines and the coarse fractions were then reconstituted in varying proportions. Also, the cohesion and angle of internal friction of the reconstituted samples were measured and bearing capacity determined. Using multiple linear regression statistical analysis tool, predictive models for generating the bearing capacity were developed and validated. The study revealed a low level of variance between experimental values and model values of bearing capacity. Keywords— angle of internal friction; bearing capacity; cohesion; multiple linear regression; subsoil.
Combined diffusion-driven and convective flow in a tilted square container

Asymptotic analytical solutions are derived for the configuration posed by Quon [Phys. Fluids 26, 632 (1983)] for diffusion-driven flow in a tilted square container when the diffusive parameter R is small. The key regions of the asymptotic structure are outlined and the leading-order solutions are determined in most of those regions. The analysis follows that in Page and Johnson [J. Fluid Mech. 629, 299 (2009)] and Page [Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. (in press)] but includes an additional “R1/4-layer” region. Analytical solutions are compared with numerical results for small R and display excellent agreement. It is also shown that the solutions and flow structure are applicable over a wide range of Prandtl numbers.
METHODS TO PREDICT THE PULLOUT CAPACITY OF ANCHORS IN COHESIONLESS SOILS-A REVIEW

Anchors are the foundations used for resisting the uplift force on the structures caused by wind loading, both onshore and offshore. Many investigators have proposed approximate techniques for determining the collapse load of anchors. They are generally based on assumed failure surfaces having cylindrical, truncated cone or curved shapes. In this paper, some of the of the experimental and theoretical investigations using the model and centrifuge tests and the research work that have been carried out using finite element analysis, and their limitations are presented. KEY WORDSPullout Capacity, Anchors, Cohesionless soils.
Screening of some exotic sugar beet cultivars grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil for yield and sugar quality traits

In order to evaluate some exotic sugar beet cultivars grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil on yield and sugar quality traits basis the present study was undertaken. Therefore, two field trials using twelve exotic sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars were conducted at Research and Production Station, National Research Centre, Alemam Malek village, Al Nubaria District, Al Behaira Governorate, Egypt in 2008/09 and 2009/10 winter seasons to examine the adaption ability, yield and quality of twelve exotic sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars under newly reclaimed sand soil in northern delta region, Egypt. The results showed significant differences among tested cultivars in all studied character. Multigerm cultivars gave more value of root, yield, and quality compared Monogerm cultivars. Conversely trend was recorded for impurity components. In conclusion, Heliospoly, proved to be the best promising cultivar with the highest root yield, sugar recovery and ultimate maximum sugar yield. Conversely Monte Rosa comes out as a poorest cultivar with minimum root yield and eventually provided lowest sugar yield. Hence, Heliospoly cultivar can be cultivated as commercial crop in the investigated area of Nubaria region. Other cultivars could be employed as other sugar beet genetic resources with reasonable root and sugar yields.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COMBINED CONSISTENCY-BASED SUBSET EVALUATION AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR RECOGNITION OF DYNAMIC MALAYSIAN SIGN LANGUAGE

Dynamic sign language recognition is important to intelligent human-computer interaction technology, but it is also very difficult to deal with, especially when the environment is quite complex. This paper proposes the use of consistency-based Subset Evaluation and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in order to increase accuracy rate in the recognition of sign language. At the first stage, image acquisition data gets from the Kinect sensor, using skeletal data tracking with eight joint positions. The second stage, the skeletal feature extraction (data X, Y, and Z are taken the value relative to the torso and head; spherical coordinate a conversion process; segmentation of the frame to get the same number of dimensions). The third stage, the selection of feature data using the Consistency-based Subset Evaluation algorithms with the best first search method subset. Then last stage is the classification using Artificial Neural Networks, by variations of nodes in hidden layer. The data samples tested are 15 dynamic signs taken from the dynamic of Malaysian Sign Language (MySL). The results of the experimental show that our system can recognize with accuracy of 93.67%. The feature selection can contribute toward the improvement in the accuracy rate of sign language recognition data
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Exercise and Sleep

Exercise has long been associated with better sleep, and evidence is accumulating on the efficacy of exercise as a nonpharmacologic treatment option for disturbed sleep. Recent research, however, has noted that poor sleep may contribute to low physical activity levels, emphasizing a robust bidirectional relationship between exercise and sleep. This article will briefly review the evidence supporting the use of exercise as a nonpharmacologic treatment for sleep disturbance, outline future research that is needed to establish the viability of exercise as a behavioral sleep treatment, describe recent research that has emphasized the potential influence of poor sleep on daytime activity levels, and discuss whether improving sleep may facilitate adoption and/or better adherence to a physically active lifestyle. With poor sleep and physical inactivity each recognized as key public health priorities, additional research into the bidirectional relationship between exercise and sleep has significant implications for facilitating greater exercise adherence and improving sleep in society.
Regulation of single and multicopy his operons in Escherichia coli

We fused segments of the Escherichia coli his regulatory region to galK in single-copy and multicopy vectors. These fusions demonstrated that (i) derepression of his by histidine starvation is due exclusively to attenuation; (ii) the his promoter is metabolically regulated; and (iii) both regulatory systems operate when the his regulatory region is present on a multicopy plasmid. Thus, there is no evidence for titration of his regulatory elements. Deletions of the his anti-attenuator region, carried on multicopy plasmids, cause low-level galK expression. This expression is not stimulated by histidine starvation, but is growth rate dependent. We replaced the his attenuator with the efficient lambda terminator, to. In the context of the his regulatory region, however, lambda to only partially terminates transcription.
Role Of Transvaginal Sonography, Power Doppler And Hysteroscopy In Women With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Comparative Study

1 Meena Mayuri, 2 Singh Abha, 3 Narula M.K. MS,Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India MS, Director Professor & Head,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecolog; Lady Hardinge Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India MD, Director Professor & Head, Department of Radiodiagnosis;Lady Hardinge Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Molecular characterization of potato cultivars using SSR markers

The potato crop has a very narrow genetic base, so the use of molecular markers is a very important tool in the characterization of germplasm banks and in the identification of the most promising choice of parents to be used in plant breeding programs. The objective of this study was to assess, using microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 38 accessions of potato from two separate collections of commercial cultivars, aiming at the genetic characterization, identification of duplicates and possible parents for breeding programs. For the molecular characterization 10 primers were used, generating a total of 46 alleles (bands), which were analyzed as binary data. A cluster analyses was performed with the Jaccard ́s similarity coefficient and the UPGMA method, using the software NTSYSpc. On average, the number of alleles per locus was 4.6, ranging from two alleles for primers STM1049, STM 1053 and STM 1104 to 12 alleles per locus for primer STM0019a. Of the 46 alleles, only five were monomorphic, therefore presenting 89.1% polymorphism. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.13 to 0.86, with an average of 0.54. The Jaccard ́s coefficient varied from 0.41 to 0.93, showing a high genetic variability among accessions. Two possible duplicates [Atlantic (Canada) and Atlantic (Chile), and Colorado and Agata (EPAMIG)] were identified. High similarity was also shown by cultivars Chipie and Melodie (EPAMIG), Voyager and Gourmandine (EPAMIG), Eole and Caesar (EPAMIG), and Cupido and Santè (Pedro Hayashi). The genetically most divergent accessions (Lady Rosetta and HPC-7B) were also identified. The high levels of polymorphism observed for Solanum tuberosum suggest that microsatellite markers represent a useful tool to detect genetic differences between cultivars and can be used in potato breeding programs.