Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerial Cooperative Jamming for Cellular-Enabled UAV Secure Communication Network: Joint Trajectory and Power Control Design

To improve the secrecy performance of cellular-enabled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication networks, this paper proposes an aerial cooperative jamming scheme and studies its optimal design to achieve the maximum average secrecy rate. Specifically, a base station (BS) transmits confidential messages to a UAV and meanwhile another UAV performs the role of an aerial jammer by cooperatively sending jamming signals to oppose multiple suspicious eavesdroppers on the ground. As the UAVs have the advantage of the controllable mobility, the objective is to maximize the worst-case average secrecy rate by the joint optimization of the two UAVs’ trajectories and the BS’s/UAV jammer’s transmit/jamming power over a given mission period. The objective function of the formulated problem is highly non-linear regarding the optimization variables and the problem has non-convex constraints, which is, in general, difficult to achieve a globally optimal solution. Thus, we divide the original problem into four subproblems and then solve them by applying the successive convex approximation (SCA) and block coordinate descent (BCD) methods. Numerical results demonstrate that the significantly better secrecy performance can be obtained by using the proposed algorithm in comparison with benchmark schemes.
Health, Risk and News: The MMR Vaccine and the Media

The controversy surrounding the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism has raised unprecedented questions about the communication of health and science. Health, Risk and News: The MMR Vaccine and the Media examines how this story came to be so influential and asks if the media are to blame for unduly panicking the public. Drawing on comprehensive research - on media coverage, interviews with a range of journalists and sources, and analysis of audience opinion - this book explores how medical controversies are covered, with attention to issues of balance and objectivity, expertise, news values, risk and media effects. It will be of interest to students and scholars of media studies, journalists and health professionals.
Bidirectional Associations of Momentary Affect with Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Working Adults.

BACKGROUND Affective experiences and movement-based behaviors form a system that has been shown to influence exercise adherence and mental health outcomes. Little is known about the naturalistic dynamics of the reciprocal associations in this system. PURPOSE We examined the time intervals at which momentary affect precedes and follows movement-based behaviors in everyday life. METHODS A community sample of working adults (n = 111) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA) asking about current affect states (sad, happy, tired, and interested) six times a day for three consecutive days. Ratings were used to generate scores for momentary affective arousal and valence. Participants also wore an activity monitor. Total activity counts and sedentary duration in the shorter to longer time intervals (5-120 min) before or after EMA were used as indicators of movement-based behaviors. RESULTS Multilevel modeling showed that current affective arousal predicted higher subsequent activity counts in the longer time intervals (120 min) and less subsequent sedentary behavior in the shorter to longer time intervals (5, 60, and 120 min). For the reversed sequence, neither movement-based behavior predicted subsequent momentary arousal or valence. Affective valence was unrelated to movement-based behaviors in either temporal direction. CONCLUSIONS Some naturally occurring affective experiences (i.e., arousal) might precede, rather than follow, movement-based behaviors. Understanding affective arousal may contribute to improved management of subsequent movement-based behaviors in everyday life.
The Future of Microbiome‐Based Therapeutics in Clinical Applications

The microbiome, a collection of microorganisms, their genomes, and the surrounding environmental conditions, is akin to a human organ, and knowledge is emerging on its role in human health and diseases. The influence of the microbiome in drug response has only been investigated in detail for the last 10 years. The human microbiome is a complex and highly dynamic system, which varies dramatically between individuals, yet there exists a common core microbiome that is heritable and can be transmitted to progeny. Here, we review the role of the human microbiome, which is now widely accepted as a major factor that drives the interpersonal variation in therapeutic response. We describe examples in which the microbiome modifies drug action. Despite its complexity, the microbiome can be readily altered, with the potential to increase the benefits and reduce the toxicity and side effects associated with pharmaceutical drugs. The potential of new microbiome‐based strategies, such as fecal microbiota transplant, probiotics, and phage therapy, as promising medical therapeutics are outlined. We also suggest a combination reductionist and system‐level approaches that could be applied to further investigate the role of microbiota in drug metabolism modulation of drug response. Finally, we emphasize the importance of combining microbiome and pharmacology studies as a novel means to treat disease and reduce side effects.
Autophagy, Metabolism, and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: Novel Modulators and Functions

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is caused by over-consumption of alcohol. ALD can develop a spectrum of pathological changes in the liver, including steatosis, inflammation, cirrhosis, and complications. Autophagy is critical to maintain liver homeostasis, but dysfunction of autophagy has been observed in ALD. Generally, autophagy is considered to protect the liver from alcohol-induced injury and steatosis. In this review, we will summarize novel modulators of autophagy in hepatic metabolism and ALD, including autophagy-mediating non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and crosstalk of autophagy machinery and nuclear factors. We will also discuss novel functions of autophagy in hepatocytes and non-parenchymal hepatic cells during the pathogenesis of ALD and other liver diseases.
Effect of Emotion, Expectation, and Privacy on Purchase Intention in WeChat Health Product Consumption: The Mediating Role of Trust

With the aging of the population and the upgrading of the consumption structure of national health demand in China, it has become a new trend for the public to actively seek health products and services on social networks. Based on the theory of reasoned behavior and the theory of expectancy confirmation, this study aims to analyze the cognitive factors and their effects on WeChat users’ purchase intention in the process of health product consumption. Considering that safety is a key feature of health products that distinguishes them from other consumer products, the “satisfaction” concept in the expectancy confirmation model is replaced by “trust” in this study. Two hundred and two (202) valid samples were collected by a questionnaire survey to analyze their intentions to buy health products on WeChat. Theoretical models and corresponding research hypotheses were verified by structural equation modeling. The research results show that emotional price and emotional experience are positively correlated with trust and purchase intention. There is an obvious negative correlation between privacy invasion and trust. Expectation confirmation is positively associated with trust. Moreover, the intermediary test shows that trust has completely mediated between emotional price and purchase intention, and trust also has a full intermediary effect on expectation confirmation and purchase intention.
Optical coherence tomography angiography and arterial hypertension: A role in identifying subclinical microvascular damage?

Introduction: To evaluate retinal microvasculature modifications by means of optical coherence tomography angiography in human subjects diagnosed with arterial hypertension and to assess potential clinical relevance for early diagnosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 30 subjects affected by arterial hypertension compared to a matched cohort of healthy patients was conducted. Patients were evaluated by the Outpatient Clinic for Hypertension and the Retina Center, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1—healthy subjects, Group 2—patients first diagnosed with hypertension, and Group 3—patients with treated hypertension. Optical coherence tomography angiography was performed applying different analysis protocols for macula and optic disk, using an AngioVue OCTA System on an Optovue device. Morphological data were compared to and correlated with clinical vascular parameters, to evaluate preclinical microvascular damage. Results: A significant reduction in deep vascular layer density (Group 1: 59.2% ± 1.5% standard deviation; Group 2: 59.2% ± 2.2% standard deviation; Group 3: 57.8% ± 2.6% standard deviation; p < 0.05) as well as an enlargement of the deep foveal avascular zone area (Group 1: 0.34 ± 0.09 mm2; Group 2: 0.36 ± 0.07 mm2; Group 3: 0.39 ± 0.1 mm2; p < 0.05) was measured in patients with first diagnosed hypertension and in treated patients compared to healthy subjects. We also observed a significant decrease in mean foveal choroidal thickness in affected patients compared to controls (Group 1: 319.68 ± 61.72 µm standard deviation; Group 2: 251.04 ± 63.1 µm standard deviation; Group 3: 262.65 ± 51.08 µm standard deviation; p < 0.05). Our preliminary data did not show a significant correlation with microalbuminuria levels. Discussion: Retinal vascular density showed pathological modifications between healthy subjects and hypertensive patients. These preliminary findings suggest that optical coherence tomography angiography may identify pathological markers of an early hypertensive damage and help monitor disease progression with potential therapeutic advantages.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

PPACA provides for the establishment of health-insurance marketplaces where consumers can, among other things, select private health-insurance plans or apply for Medicaid. The Congressional Budget Office estimates the cost of subsidies and related spending under PPACA at $60 billion for fiscal year 2016. PPACA requires verification of applicant information to determine enrollment or subsidy eligibility. In addition, PPACA provided for the expansion of the Medicaid program. GAO was asked to examine application and enrollment controls for the marketplaces and Medicaid.
Asymmetric valuation of gains and losses in effort-based decision making

Our decisions are often swayed by a desire to avoid losses over a desire to acquire gains. While loss aversion has been confirmed for decisions about money or commodities, it is unclear how individuals generally value gains relative to losses in effort-based decisions. For example, do individuals avoid greater work more than they seek out less work? We examined this question in the context of physical effort, using an arm-reaching task in which decreased effort was framed as a gain and increased effort was framed as a loss. Subjects performed reaching movements against different levels of resistance that increased or decreased the effort demands of the reaches. They then chose to accept or reject various lotteries, each with a possibility of performing less effortful reaches and a possibility of performing more effortful reaches, compared to the certain outcome of performing reaches against a fixed reference level of effort. Subjects avoided higher effort conditions more than they sought lower effort conditions, demonstrating asymmetric valuation of gains and losses. Using prospect theory, we explored various model formulations to determine subject-specific valuation of effort in these mixed gambles. A nonlinear model of effort valuation demonstrating increasing sensitivity to absolute effort best described the effort lottery choices. In contrast to the loss-aversion observed in financial decisions, there was no evidence of loss aversion in effort-based decisions. Rather, we observed moderate relief-seeking behavior. This model confirms that gains and losses are valued asymmetrically. This is due to the combined effects of increasing sensitivity to absolute effort and moderate relief-seeking, leading to a net effect of greater avoidance of higher effort. Asymmetric valuation was magnified on a later day of testing. In contrast, subjects were loss-averse in a comparable financial task. We suggest that consideration of nonlinear effort valuation can inform future studies of sensorimotor control and exercise motivation.
Computational Phase-Modulated Eyeglasses

We present computational phase-modulated eyeglasses, a see-through optical system that modulates the view of the user using phase-only spatial light modulators (PSLM). A PSLM is a programmable reflective device that can selectively retardate, or delay, the incoming light rays. As a result, a PSLM works as a computational dynamic lens device. We demonstrate our computational phase-modulated eyeglasses with either a single PSLM or dual PSLMs and show that the concept can realize various optical operations including focus correction, bi-focus, image shift, and field of view manipulation, namely optical zoom. Compared to other programmable optics, computational phase-modulated eyeglasses have the advantage in terms of its versatility. In addition, we also presents some prototypical focus-loop applications where the lens is dynamically optimized based on distances of objects observed by a scene camera. We further discuss the implementation, applications but also discuss limitations of the current prototypes and remaining issues that need to be addressed in future research.
Mastery versus self-directed blended learning in basic life support: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract Background: Blended learning combines online learning with face-to-face learning. Research investigating the effect of different blended learning models to teach basic life support (BLS) is lacking. Objectives: To investigate the effect of a mastery learning (ML) versus a self-directed learning (SDL) blend on students’ BLS performance. In ML, students learn BLS as a linear sequence meaning each step should be ‘mastered’ prior to advancing to the next. In SDL, students’ autonomy is increased for his or her learning trajectory leading to non-linear, user driven learning paths. Methods: A randomised controlled trial. Four conditions were created by combining two learning models (SDL and ML) in two learning phases (online and face to face). Bachelor students (n = 145) were randomised over these four conditions. In all blends, an online learning module was available for one week prior to a face-to-face learning component of which the duration was 45 minutes. All learners’ BLS performance was assessed individually and unannounced one week following blended learning. An individual BLS score was calculated combining cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) variables reported by a Laerdal ResusciAnne Manikin and qualitative observations by two trained researchers. Results: Students’ CPR performance adhered to international 2015 guidelines for all groups. Median BLS-performance was 83.0% (interquartile range 13.2%). No statistical differences between groups were found for BLS performance or CPR variables. Conclusions: All blended learning models were highly time-effective since the face-to-face component only took 45 minutes and learning outcomes adhered to guidelines.
Impacts of Enriching Growing Rabbit Diets with Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae on Growth, Blood Variables, Carcass Traits, Immunological and Antioxidant Indices

Simple Summary Using Chlorella vulgaris (CLV) as an immunomodulatory agent and antimicrobial activity to promote the immunity system has been reported in some previous studies. Our work investigated the impacts of dietary CLV supplementation on growing rabbit diets in terms of growth performance, carcass traits, hematobiochemical variables, immunity responses, and antioxidant status. Results showed that the CLV supplementation can positively affect the health status aspects of growing rabbit. Abstract This work aimed to explore the effects of dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris (CLV) on the growth performance, carcass traits, hematobiochemical variables, immunity responses, and the antioxidant status of growing rabbits. A total number of 100 rabbits were randomly distributed into four treatment groups, each of five replicates (25 rabbits/group). The experimental groups were as follows; control: a basal diet without supplementation, CLV0.5: basal diet + 0.5 g chlorella powder/kg diet; CLV1.0: basal diet + 1.0 g chlorella powder/kg diet, CLV1.5: basal diet + 1.5 g chlorella powder/kg diet. Live body weight (LBW), cumulative body weight gain (CBWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected by dietary CLV supplementation. Platelet count (PLT), hematocrit (HCT), means corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values were significantly increased in the CLV0.5 group compared with the other treatment groups. Dietary supplementation of CLV (1.5 g/kg diet) significantly reduced the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. The concentrations of serum triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were lower (p < 0.05) in the CLV-treated groups than those of the control. Supplemental CLV at all experimental levels gave the best values of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) and glutathione activities. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower in the animals that received CLV in their diet than those of the control group. Dietary supplementation of 1.0 g CLV/kg had the potential to enhance immune responses and antioxidant status, as well as reduce blood lipid accumulation. Therefore, it could be concluded that CLV supplementation to growing rabbit diets can improve the health status.
The intersection between the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems: empirical developments and clinical implications

Decades of cognitive neuroscience research has shown that where we look is intimately connected to what we remember. In this article, we review findings from human and nonhuman animals, using behavioral, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and computational modeling methods, to show that the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems interact in a reciprocal manner, on a moment‐to‐moment basis, mediated by a vast structural and functional network. Visual exploration serves to efficiently gather information from the environment for the purpose of creating new memories, updating existing memories, and reconstructing the rich, vivid details from memory. Conversely, memory increases the efficiency of visual exploration. We call for models of oculomotor control to consider the influence of the hippocampal memory system on the cognitive control of eye movements, and for models of hippocampal and broader medial temporal lobe function to consider the influence of the oculomotor system on the development and expression of memory. We describe eye movement–based applications for the detection of neurodegeneration and delivery of therapeutic interventions for mental health disorders for which the hippocampus is implicated and memory dysfunctions are at the forefront.
Internet Addiction And Associated Factors: A Study Among College Students In South India

Introduction: The excessive and inappropriate use of Internet is a growing concern in the current tech-savy World.The youth are particularly vulnerable to this problem which may ruin their very critical academic career.The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Internet Addiction pattern and to analyse the associated factors among the college students from various education field.Methodology: This is a cross sectional study, in which 596 college students studying in Arts,Engineering and Medicine were assessed using a self-administered questionairre. Information regarding demographic factors was collected and Internet Addiction pattern determined by Youngâ€™s Internet Addiction test scale.Results: The findings show that out of 596 students, 246(41.3%) were mild addicts, 91(15.2%) were moderate addicts and 259(43.5%) were not addicted to internet use.There is no pattern of severe internet addiction among the study group.Males, students of Arts and Engineering stream, those staying at home, no extracurricular activity involvement, time spent on internet per day, mode of accessing internet are some of the factors significantly associated with internet addiction pattern.Conclusion: The prevalence of Internet Addiction is high, were in more than half of the study group show some form of Internet Addiction pattern.The internet addiction problem among students should gain attention and it is time to evolve an comprehensive intervention appraoach to promote a healthy and safe Internet use.
Drug-induced chromatin accessibility changes associate with sensitivity to liver tumor promotion

This work explores quantitative chromatin accessibility, transcriptional and cis-acting gene regulatory variations underlying mouse strain–specific differences in drug-induced liver tumor promotion sensitivity. Liver cancer susceptibility varies amongst humans and between experimental animal models because of multiple genetic and epigenetic factors. The molecular characterization of such susceptibilities has the potential to enhance cancer risk assessment of xenobiotic exposures and disease prevention strategies. Here, using DNase I hypersensitivity mapping coupled with transcriptomic profiling, we investigate perturbations in cis-acting gene regulatory elements associated with the early stages of phenobarbital (PB)-mediated liver tumor promotion in susceptible versus resistant mouse strains (B6C3F1 versus C57BL/6J). Integrated computational analyses of strain-selective changes in liver chromatin accessibility underlying PB response reveal differential epigenetic regulation of molecular pathways associated with PB-mediated tumor promotion, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Complementary transcription factor motif analyses reveal mouse strain–selective gene regulatory networks and a novel role for Stat, Smad, and Fox transcription factors in the early stages of PB-mediated tumor promotion. Mapping perturbations in cis-acting gene regulatory elements provides novel insights into the molecular basis for susceptibility to xenobiotic-induced rodent liver tumor promotion and has the potential to enhance mechanism-based cancer risk assessments of xenobiotic exposures.