Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Case of Basal Cell Carcinoma Secondary to Nevus Sebaceous

Introduction: Nevus sebaceous is a congenital hamartomatous lesion that usually appears on the scalp and neck. With the advance of age, benign and malignant tumor changes on nevus sebaceous lesions may occur, these tumors are usually benign. Malignant transformation is very rare on the sebaceous nevus and the basal cell carcinoma is the most common. Case Report: A 50-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with a 5×3 cm sized a verrucous erythematous plaque on the left parietal region of head. Total surgical excision was performed and histopathological examination of the sample revealed a basal cell carcinoma developed on ground of nevus sebaceous. Conclusion: To highlight importance of this rare malign development, a case of basal cell carcinoma on the ground of nevus sebaceous is presented.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CYTOLOGICAL GRADING OF BREAST CANCERS AND LYMPH NODE METASTASIS

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in females. Since a less invasive pre-operative diagnosis is always preferred to open biopsy, fine needle aspiration cytology has been frequently used to decide the benign or malignant nature of particular breast lesions. But many studies have shown that this technique can provide additional information about the intrinsic features of the tumours as well as their prognosis. Grading of breast carcinoma, while the tumour is still in vivo, would be the most ideal and desirable situation, as it would be helpful in the selection of patients for appropriate therapy. Aims & Objective: (i) To evaluate and compare the cytograding of breast cancers using Robinson’s and Mouriquand’s grading methods. (ii) To evaluate the relationship between cytograding of breast cancers and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective (from Oct 2000 to Sept 2005) and 1-year prospective study (from Oct 2005to Oct 2006). A total of 110 fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) cases of breast cancers were graded by Robinson’s and Mouriquand’s grading methods followed by comparison of the two methods. Relationship between grading and lymph node metastasis was evaluated. Results: By Robinson’s method, 28 (25.45%) cases were grade I, 46 (41.81%) grade II and 36 (32.72%) were grade III whereas using Mouriquand’s method, 28 (25.45%), 42 (38.18%) and 40 (36.36%) cases were graded as grade I, II, and III respectively. A high degree of concordance was observed between the two grading methods (90.9%). A highly significant relationship between the scores obtained by two methods was also observed (P=0.004). By Robinson’s method, Grade I, II and III tumours had lymph node involvement in 3.57%, 6.52% and 47.22% of cases respectively whereas by Mouriquand’s method, Grade I, II and III tumours had lymph node involvement in 3.57%, 7.14% and 42.5% of cases respectively. Although both grading systems showed significant relationship with lymph node involvement but Robinson’s grading was a much better predictor of lymph node metastasis. Our study showed that greater cell dissociation was associated with higher incidence of regional lymph node metastasis. A highly significant relationship was observed between cell dissociation and lymph node involvement (p=0.00000). Conclusion: A comprehensive cytological grading of breast cancers is possible by using Robinson’s and Mouriquand’s method. A high degree of concordance was observed between the two methods but Robinson’s grading system was found to be easier and better because of more objective set of criteria and easy reproducibility. Cytological grading of breast cancers is a strong predictor of lymph nodal metastasis and greater cell dissociation is associated with higher incidence of regional lymph node metastasis.
Nanostructured bainite

An alloy system based on iron is described in which it has been possible to create a high density of interfaces by heat treatment alone. The resulting structure consists of a mixture of slender platelets of bainitic ferrite, just 20–40 nm in thickness, embedded in a matrix of carbon-enriched austenite. The rate at which this structure evolves is slow by conventional standards, but this permits components to be made which are large in all three dimensions, with uniform properties throughout. The fundamental mechanisms behind this novel nanostructured steel are reviewed, along with the factors determining its strength, ductility and fracture toughness. It is argued that, although reasonable toughness can be achieved in the context of strength levels exceeding 2000 MPa, the impact toughness remains poor and that it may not be possible to improve this particular parameter.
THE FRAGMENTING PAST OF THE DISK AT THE GALACTIC CENTER: THE CULPRIT FOR THE MISSING RED GIANTS

Since 1996 we have known that the Galactic Center (GC) displays a core-like distribution of red giant branch (RGB) stars starting at ∼10″, which poses a theoretical problem because the GC should have formed a segregated cusp of old stars. This issue has been addressed invoking stellar collisions, massive black hole binaries, and infalling star clusters, which can explain it to some extent. Another observational fact, key to the work presented here, is the presence of a stellar disk at the GC. We postulate that the reason for the missing stars in the RGB is closely intertwined with the disk formation process, which initially was gaseous and went through a fragmentation phase to form the stars. Using simple analytical estimates, we prove that during fragmentation the disk developed regions with densities much higher than a homogeneous gaseous disk, i.e., “clumps,” which were optically thick, and hence contracted slowly. Stars in the GC interacted with them and in the case of RGB stars, the clumps were dense enough to totally remove their outer envelopes after a relatively low number of impacts. Giant stars in the horizontal branch (HB), however, have much denser envelopes. Hence, the fragmentation phase of the disk must have had a lower impact on their distribution, because it was more difficult to remove their envelopes. We predict that future deeper observations of the GC should reveal less depletion of HB stars and that the released dense cores of RGB stars will still be populating the GC.
18 Targeting AMPK for Therapeutic Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes

This chapter begins with general information on the role of 5’-AMP activated kinase (AMPK) in human physiology and the molecular mechanisms that control this kinase. We discuss the functions of AMPK in different tissues and their relationship to type 2 diabetes. AMPK substrates in different subcellular organelles and compartments are described, and we speculate how the localized action of AMPK could help to control type 2 diabetes. Our review concludes with future directions that are based on the compartment-specific action of AMPK to develop new therapeutic strategies for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Multi-cue Correlation Filters for Robust Visual Tracking

In recent years, many tracking algorithms achieve impressive performance via fusing multiple types of features, however, most of them fail to fully explore the context among the adopted multiple features and the strength of them. In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-cue analysis framework for robust visual tracking. By combining different types of features, our approach constructs multiple experts through Discriminative Correlation Filter (DCF) and each of them tracks the target independently. With the proposed robustness evaluation strategy, the suitable expert is selected for tracking in each frame. Furthermore, the divergence of multiple experts reveals the reliability of the current tracking, which is quantified to update the experts adaptively to keep them from corruption. Through the proposed multi-cue analysis, our tracker with standard DCF and deep features achieves outstanding results on several challenging benchmarks: OTB-2013, OTB-2015, Temple-Color and VOT 2016. On the other hand, when evaluated with only simple hand-crafted features, our method demonstrates comparable performance amongst complex non-realtime trackers, but exhibits much better efficiency, with a speed of 45 FPS on a CPU.
Comparing responses of generalist and specialist herbivores to various cyanogenic plant features

Plants are obliged to defend themselves against multiple generalist and specialist herbivores. Whereas plant cyanogenesis is considered an efficient defence against generalists, it is thought to affect specialists less. In the present study, we analysed the function of various cyanogenic features of lima bean [Phaseolus lunatus L. (Fabaceae)] during interaction with different herbivores. Three cyanogenic features were analysed, i.e., cyanogenic potential (HCNp; concentration of cyanogenic precursors), β‐glucosidase activity, and cyanogenic capacity (HCNc; release of cyanide per unit time). In no‐choice and free‐choice feeding trials, five lima bean accessions were offered to generalist desert locust [Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera: Acrididae)] and specialist Mexican bean beetle [Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)]. The HCNc was the most important parameter determining host plant selection by generalists, whereas choice behaviour of specialists was strongly affected by HCNp. Although locusts were effectively repelled by high HCNc, this cue was misleading for the detection of suitable host plants, as extensive consumption of low HCNc plant material resulted in strong intoxication of locusts. Balancing cyanide in consumed leaf area, the quantitative release of gaseous cyanide during feeding, and cyanide in faeces suggested that specialists metabolized significantly lower rates of cyanide per consumed leaf material than generalists. We hypothesize that specialists are able to avoid toxic concentrations of cyanide by using HCNp rather than HCNc as a cue for host plant quality, and that they exhibit mechanisms that reduce incorporation of host plant cyanide.
Foraging strategies of some bird species feeding on Moringa oleifera leaves in Covenant University Farm Ota, South Western Nigeria.

Feeding strategies of bird species feeding on the Moringa oleifera leaves was investigated in Covenant University Farm Ota South Western Nigeria. Point count method was used to collect Data on the bird species feeding on the M. oleifera leaves. The phytochemical analysis of M. oleifera leaves was carried out in the laboratory. The result revealed that twenty four (24) bird species belonging to fifteen (15) families and six (6) orders were observed to feed on M. oleifera leaves in both seasons of the year. The family Cisticolidae has three individual bird species which were observed to feed on the M. oleifera leaves. The common Bulbul (Pycnonotus barbatus) was observed to have highest percentage observations of feeding rate on M. oleifera leaves in both seasons of the year (wet: 20%, dry: 16%). Grey Headed Sparrow (Passer griseus) also recorded higher frequency of occurrence (9%) in dry season. Senegal Woodland kingfisher (Halcyon senegalensis) belonging to the family Alceldidae was observed to visit once in wet season and not observed in the dry season. Similarly, Laughing Dove (Streptopelia capicola) and Lizard Burzard (Kaupifalco monogrammicus) were only observed to have visited the farm twice during the dry season. The bird species encountered during the period of the study. Phytochemical evaluation of leaves of M. oleifera revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, saponnins, free reducing sugar, cardiac glycosides, terpenes, sterols, flavonoids, alkaloids while combined reducing sugar, phlobotannins, resins and balsams were not available. The active constituents of the phytochemical evaluation, the result of determination of moisture content, total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble extract value and alcohol soluble extract value are presented in the study. Moisture content recorded 11.77%, total ash value (6.65%), water soluble extract value (14.68) and alcohol soluble extract value recorded 10.57%.
Interactive comment on “ Aerosol nucleation over oceans and the role of galactic cosmic rays ” by J .

General: The authors simulate aerosol formation (nucleation) over global oceans via two pathways: neutral and charged binary sulfuric acid-water nucleation. Very few global-scale simulations on atmospheric aerosol formation have been published so far, so in this respect the paper can be considered original. The paper is, in general well written and it gives a useful contribution to scientific community. I have, however, one major comment that the authors should consider carefully before the manuscript can be accepted for publication. Major comment: The authors start their simulation from an aerosol-free atmosphere. This assump-
Testing the Cultural Differences of School Characteristics with Measurement Invariance.

In this study, it was aimed to model the school characteristics in multivariate structure, and according to this model, aimed to test the invariance of this model across five randomly selected countries and economies from PISA 2012 sample. It is thought that significant differences across group in the context of school characteristics have the potential to explain the effectiveness of schools and educational systems. This study was conducted with correlational model as a basic research. Secondary level analyses were conducted on PISA 2012 School Questionnaire data. To construct “school characteristics model”, whole data from 65 participant countries and economies were considered. One country from each proficiency level and totally 5 countries were randomly selected for the research sample. These countries and economies are Shanghai-China, Korea, Ireland, Turkey and Uruguay. In this way sample was composed of totally 835 schools. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the invariance of school characteristics across countries. According to the results, Shanghai and Uruguay differed from each other and other countries. Across Korea, Ireland and Turkey, School characteristics provide strong invariance. These three cultures were more similar. Main result of this study is that school characteristics cannot be invariant across some cultural groups or sub-groups. In order to provide equal opportunity to all stakeholders of the educational system, and also provide school effectiveness, such kinds of differences are considered carefully.
Relationship between the Onset Age of Bilingualism and Development of Cognitive Control among Nigerians

An increasing body of studies suggests that bilingual persons are better than monolinguals on a variety of cognitive measures. Thus, the present study investigates the relationship between the onset age of bilingual and the development of cognitive control among Nigerians. 10 bilingual students studying at University Putra Malaysia have been selected to participate in this study. They are divided into two groups: 5 early and 5 late bilinguals. The data are collected using online English proficiency test and E-prime software as instruments. Both groups are examined for English proficiency and performance on a flanker task. The result demonstrates that early bilinguals are more proficient in English than late bilinguals. Moreover, early bilingual performs better than late bilingual on flanker task. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that being early active bilinguals tend to have greater advantages in cognitive control and higher language proficiency. Keywords: onset age, bilingualism, and cognitive control
Zerumbone isolated from Zingiber zerumbet inhibits inflammation and pain in rats

Zerumbone a monocyclic sisquiterpene, is the major constituent of Zingiber zerumbet Smith. In Southeast Asia, Z. zerumbet is being used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The objective of this current investigation was to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of zerumbone isolated from Z. zerumbet in rats. The results revealed zerumbone potently inhibit inflammation induced by both λ-carrageenan and prostaglandin E2, which was statistically similar to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) piroxicam. Zerumbone also potently inhibited pain in the sabdorminal writhing test similar to the NSAID. Collectively, our results validate the traditional use of this plant and zerumbone has been demonstrated to be a potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.
Birth asphyxia and associated factors among newborns delivered in Jimma zone public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Background & aim: Birth asphyxia is a serious clinical problem and a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The majority of neonatal deaths arise in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to address birth asphyxia and its associated factors among newborns delivered in Jimma zone public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 368 live newborns born at Jimma zone public hospitals, who were enrolled in the study using the systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, an observation checklist, and chart review, which were designed to measure the birth asphyxia and its associated factors. Overall, The data were analyzed using simple and multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of birth asphyxia was 32.9% in the first and 12.5% in the fifth minute. Accordingly, birth asphyxia was significantly associated with medical complications (AOR: 3.92, 95%CI: 1.62, 9.46), obstetric complications (AOR: 3.76, 95%CI: 1.71, 8.26), prolonged second stage of labor (> 3 h; AOR: 3.72, 95%CI: 1.46, 12.18), low birth weight (AOR: 4.21, 95%CI: 1.5, 12.2), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AOR: 8.29, 95%CI: 3.6, 18.9), tight nuchal cord (AOR: 7.4, 95%CI: 1.6, 34.1), not attending antenatal care (AOR: 6.4, 95%CI: 2, 20.2), incomplete antenatal care visit (AOR: 4.6, 95%CI: 2.0, 10.5), non-cephalic presentation (AOR: 6.98, 95%CI: 2.66, 18.28), and caesarian section delivery (AOR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.0, 5.1). Conclusion: Most factors associated with birth asphyxia are manageable by means of good pre-natal care and improving antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal care services within our limited resources.
Eco-geomorphology of banded vegetation patterns in arid and semi-arid regions

Abstract. The interaction between vegetation and hydrologic processes is particularly tight in water-limited environments where a positive-feedback links soil moisture and vegetation. The vegetation of these systems is commonly patterned, that is, arranged in a two phase mosaic composed of patches with high biomass cover interspersed within a low-cover or bare soil component. These patterns are strongly linked to the redistribution of runoff and resources from source areas (bare patches) to sink areas (vegetation patches) and play an important role in controlling erosion. In this paper, the dynamics of these systems is investigated using a new modeling framework that couples landform and vegetation evolution, explicitly accounting for the dynamics of runon-runoff areas. The objective of this study is to analyze water-limited systems on hillslopes with mild slopes, in which overland flow occurs predominantly in only one direction and vegetation displays a banded pattern. Our simulations reproduce bands that can be either stationary or upstream migrating depending on the magnitude of the runoff-induced seed dispersal. We also found that stationary banded systems redistribute sediment so that a stepped microtopography is developed. The modelling results are the first to incorporate the effects of runoff redistribution and variable infiltration rates on the development of both the vegetation patterns and microtopography. The microtopography for stationary bands is characterized by bare soil on the lower gradient areas and vegetation on steeper gradients areas. For the case of migrating vegetation bands the model generates hillslope profiles with planar topography. The success at generating not only the observed patterns of vegetation, but also patterns of runoff and sediment redistribution suggests that the hydrologic and erosion mechanisms represented in the model are correctly capturing some of the key processes driving these ecosystems.
Examining Domains of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Using Factor Analysis

Abstract This study examined the construct validity of the Survey of Preservice Teachers’ Knowledge of Teaching and Technology through an exploratory factor analysis using responses from 365 preservice teachers enrolled in an educational technology course in the United States. The participants were completing methods courses and field experience concurrent to the educational technology course, allowing them to contextualize the content they learned during the semester. The survey, grounded in the framework of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), is designed to measure seven domains associated with technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge. Although the influence of the TPACK framework on teacher education programs continues to grow, research indicates the need for clearer distinctions between the domains. Results from this study revealed that participants did not always make conceptual distinctions between the TPACK domains. Specifically, factors were congruent across only technological knowledge (TK) and content knowledge (CK) and not congruent across pedagogical knowledge (PK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), technological content knowledge (TCK), and TPACK. Additionally, PK and PCK. loaded together, indicating the participants did not distinguish PK from PCK. Overall, this study confirms the need to provide more clarity about the TPACK framework and to revisit survey instruments built directly around the framework.
Citation Patterns in Economics and Beyond : Assessing the Peculiarities of Economics from Two Scientometric Perspectives

In this paper we explore three claims concerning the disciplinary character of economics by means of citation analysis. The three claims under study are: (1) economics exhibits strong forms of intellectual stratification and, as a byproduct, a rather pronounced internal hierarchy, (2) economists strongly conform to institutional incentives and (3) modern mainstream economics is a highly self-referential intellectual project mostly inaccessible to disciplinary or paradigmatic outsiders. The validity of these claims is assessed by means of an interdisciplinary comparison of citation patterns aiming to identify the peculiar characteristics of economic discourse. In exposing and discussing these peculiarities of economics, we emphasize the availability of two competing scientometric perspectives for assessing and interpreting our findings.
The investment development path: the case of Portugal

This article develops the idea of an investment development path, which relates net foreign direct investment to per capita income, for Portugal. A novel form of relationship between investment and development is proposed, based on empirical evidence for 1943-1996. This is supported by an analysis of Portuguese conditions, which suggest that the investment development path is substantially influenced not only by government policy but also by external political events, such as Portugal’s accession to the European Economic Community, European Union integration and the fall of the Berlin wall, the latter bringing Central and Eastern European countries to the fore as locational competitors for inward investment.