Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dense Small Cell Networks: From Noise-Limited to Dense Interference-Limited

Considering both non-line-of-sight (NLoS) and line-of-sight (LoS) transmissions, the transitional behaviors from noise-limited regime to dense interference-limited regime have been investigated for the fifth generation (5G) small cell networks (SCNs). Besides, we identify four performance regimes based on base station (BS) density, i.e., 1) the noise-limited regime, 2) the signal-dominated regime, 3) the interference-dominated regime, and 4) the interference-limited regime. To characterize the performance regime, we propose a unified framework analyzing the future 5G wireless networks over generalized shadowing/fading channels, in which the user association schemes based on the strongest instantaneous received power and the strongest average received power can be studied, while NLoS/LoS transmissions and multislop path loss model are considered. Simulation results indicate that different factors, i.e., noise, desired signal, and interference, successively and separately dominate the network performance with the increase of BS density. Hence, our results shed new light on the design and management of SCNs in urban and rural areas with different BS deployment densities.
On the Frontier of Adulthood: Emerging Themes and New Directions

Ages 18 and 21 are milestones in a young person’s life. In the eyes of the law and society, they have crossed the threshold of adulthood. In reality, however, by age 21, few young people today would actually be considered “adult” based on the traditional markers—leaving home, finishing school, starting a job, getting married, and having children. More youth are extending education, living at home longer, and moving haltingly, or stopping altogether, along the stepping stones of adulthood. A new period of life is emerging in which young people are no longer adolescents but not yet adults. Yet, are today’s youth truly disinterested in moving into adulthood, or is it that changes in the world around them have altered the very contour and content of early adult life?
Nurses' Numeracy and Graphical Literacy: Informing Studies of Clinical Decision Support Interfaces

We present findings of a comparative study of numeracy and graph literacy in a representative group of 60 practicing nurses. This article focuses on a fundamental concern related to the effectiveness of numeric information displayed in various features in the electronic health record during clinical workflow. Our findings suggest the need to consider numeracy and graph literacy when presenting numerical information as well as the potential for tailoring numeric display types to an individual's cognitive strengths.
Rule-based Energy Management System in an Experimental Microgrid with the Presence of Time of Use Tariffs

This paper aims to investigate a method of peak load shaving through the utilization of solar PV and battery energy storage whilst creating a cost effective Energy Management System (EMS). This is achieved by utilizing a rule-sets to manage and optimize a scheduling system with a forecasting algorithm. As Time of Use (ToU) tariffs change throughout the day, a cost benefit can be achieved when a smart energy storage system is appropriately employed. The EMS operation is tested on an experimental microgrid with commercial load considering payback period calculation.
Multidisciplinary Ophthalmic Imaging Retinal Oximetry With a Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope

Citation: Kristjansdottir JV, Hardarson SH, Halldorsson GH, Karlsson RA, Eliasdottir TS, Stefánsson E. Retinal oximetry with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:3120–3126. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13255 PURPOSE. The purpose of the study was to assess if a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), Optomap 200Tx, could be used for measurements of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in retinal blood vessels.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Gut Bacterial Microflora of the Fungus-Growing Termite Odontotermes formosanus

We constructed a bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone library from the gut microbial community of O. formosanus and phylogenetically analyzed it in order to contribute to the evolutional study of digestive symbiosis and method development for termite control. After screening by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, 56 out of 280 clones with unique RFLP patterns were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. The representative phylotypes were affiliated to four phylogenetic groups, Firmicutes, the Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria of the domain Bacteira. No one clone affiliated with the phylum Spirochaetes was identified, in contrast to the case of wood-feeding termites. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that nearly half of the representative clones (25 phylotypes) formed monophyletic clusters with clones obtained from other termite species, especially with the sequences retrieved from fungus-growing termites. These results indicate that the presence of termite-specific bacterial lineages implies a coevolutional relationship of gut microbes and host termites.
Do demand and profitability stimulate capital accumulation? An analysis for Brazil

This article tests whether the profit share of gdp and capacity utilization affect capital accumulation in Brazil in the period 1950-2008 (in the sense of Granger causality). The methodology developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) is used to verify the Granger non-causality hypothesis. The results show that capacity utilization “Granger-causes” capital accumulation in the Brazilian economy and, also that the profit share of gdp does not “Granger-cause” the national investment-capital ratio. This corroborates the Kaleckian proposal based on the fundamental role of the accelerator, and suggests that the Brazilian economy can grow with either a concentration or a de-concentration of income, provided a suitable institutional arrangement is in place.
High-flux soft x-ray harmonic generation from ionization-shaped few-cycle laser pulses

X-ray harmonics made with long-wavelength lasers reach higher fluxes and photon energies when plasma effects dominate. Laser-driven high-harmonic generation provides the only demonstrated route to generating stable, tabletop attosecond x-ray pulses but has low flux compared to other x-ray technologies. We show that high-harmonic generation can produce higher photon energies and flux by using higher laser intensities than are typical, strongly ionizing the medium and creating plasma that reshapes the driving laser field. We obtain high harmonics capable of supporting attosecond pulses up to photon energies of 600 eV and a photon flux inside the water window (284 to 540 eV) 10 times higher than previous attosecond sources. We demonstrate that operating in this regime is key for attosecond pulse generation in the x-ray range and will become increasingly important as harmonic generation moves to even longer-wavelength driving fields.
The revival of the Gini importance?

Motivation: Random forests are fast, flexible and represent a robust approach to analyze high dimensional data. A key advantage over alternative machine learning algorithms are variable importance measures, which can be used to identify relevant features or perform variable selection. Measures based on the impurity reduction of splits, such as the Gini importance, are popular because they are simple and fast to compute. However, they are biased in favor of variables with many possible split points and high minor allele frequency. Results: We set up a fast approach to debias impurity‐based variable importance measures for classification, regression and survival forests. We show that it creates a variable importance measure which is unbiased with regard to the number of categories and minor allele frequency and almost as fast as the standard impurity importance. As a result, it is now possible to compute reliable importance estimates without the extra computing cost of permutations. Further, we combine the importance measure with a fast testing procedure, producing p‐values for variable importance with almost no computational overhead to the creation of the random forest. Applications to gene expression and genome‐wide association data show that the proposed method is powerful and computationally efficient. Availability and implementation: The procedure is included in the ranger package, available at https://cran.r‐project.org/package=ranger and https://github.com/imbs‐hl/ranger. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Distribution of alien animal species richness in the Czech Republic

Abstract Biogeographical barriers formed by natural forces over billions of years have been substantially disrupted by human activity, particularly in recent centuries. In response to these anthropogenic changes, global homogenization of biota is observed at an ever‐increasing rate, causing environmental and economic losses as well as emerging health risks. Identifying factors underlying alien species richness is essential for prevention of future introductions and subsequent spread. In this study, we examined the effects of environmental and human‐related factors on distribution of alien animal species richness in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). We compiled a set of maps showing the level of invasion of six categories of alien animal species in each of 628 grid cells (ca. 12.0 × 11.1 km) covering the Czech Republic. Relationships between alien species richness and 12 variables characterizing climatic conditions, topography, land cover, and human population size were calculated using the generalized least squares method. Species richness of all alien species, of invertebrates, and of terrestrial species showed the strongest positive relationship with mean annual temperature, while the number of black and grey (proposed prominent invaders) and aquatic species was most closely related to the presence of large rivers. Alien vertebrates showed a strong negative relationship with annual precipitation. The highest alien animal species richness was found in and near large population centers and in agricultural landscapes in warm and dry lowlands. The gateways for alien aquatic species are rather large rivers over sport fishing and aquaculture import. Compiled maps create a powerful visual communication tool, useful in development of programs to prevent future introductions.
Cutaneous Mucormycosis Following a Bullous Pemphigoid Flare in a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patient on Ibrutinib

While the recent development of novel therapeutics in oncology, such as small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs), has enabled our ability to target disease-specific molecular pathways, the prolonged impact of these agents on the immune system and infectious risk remains to be seen. We present a 68-year-old male with refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) on ibrutinib monotherapy for 3 years who developed extensive cutaneous mucormycosis following a severe bullous pemphigoid (BP) flare. He received amphotericin B for 4 weeks and was continued on posaconazole with resolution of his mucormycosis infection. Consistent with a growing evidence of literature identifying opportunistic fungal infections in patients on ibrutinib therapy, providers should be cognizant of medical comorbidities that may predispose to such infections and explore methods of prevention before starting ibrutinib and other SMKIs.
Inflammation, edema and poor outcome are associated with hyperthermia in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhages

The deleterious effect of hyperthermia on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been studied. However, the results are not conclusive and new studies are needed to elucidate clinical factors that influence the poor outcome. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical factors (including ICH etiology) that influence the poor outcome associated with hyperthermia and ICH. We also tried to identify potential mechanisms involved in hyperthermia during ICH.
Body composition and outcome in patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases

Recent evidence suggests that depletion of skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) and an increased amount of intra‐abdominal fat (central obesity) influence cancer statistics. This study investigated the impact of sarcopenia and central obesity on survival in patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM).
Development of an intravascular ultrasound elastography based on a dual-element transducer

The ability to measure the elastic properties of plaques and vessels would be useful in clinical diagnoses, particularly for detecting a vulnerable plaque. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the combination of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and acoustic radiation force elasticity imaging for detecting the distribution of stiffness within atherosclerotic arteries ex vivo. A dual-frequency IVUS transducer with two elements was used to induce the propagation of the shear wave (by the 8.5 MHz pushing element) which could be simultaneously monitored by the 31 MHz imaging element. The wave-amplitude image and the wave-velocity image were reconstructed by measuring the peak displacement and wave velocity of shear wave propagation, respectively. System performance was verified using gelatin phantoms. The phantom results demonstrate that the stiffness differences of shear modulus of 1.6 kPa can be distinguished through the wave-amplitude and wave-velocity images. The stiffness distributions of the atherosclerotic aorta from a rabbit were obtained, for which the values of peak displacement and the shear wave velocity were 3.7 ± 1.2 µm and 0.38 ± 0.19 m s−1 for the lipid-rich plaques, and 1.0 ± 0.2 µm and 3.45 ± 0.45 m s−1 for the arterial walls, respectively. These results indicate that IVUS elasticity imaging can be used to distinguish the elastic properties of plaques and vessels.
Public Sector Deficits as the Foundation of Economic Growth

The research objective of this article is in sharp contrast to the perception that is now dominant concerning the consequences for economic development of public sector deficits and the enormous attempts to limit these deficits in most countries of the world. The analysis that follows will show that the existence of a "normal" and "controlled" deficit in a country's state budget or, more correctly, the ensuring of a "normal" longterm imbalance in favor of total expenditure in the economy in relation to production and supply, is absolutely necessary for economic growth. 1 Classical economists believed that public sector deficits constitute a factor that disturbs the economic equilibrium. For them, public sector budgets should always be balanced so as not to affect monetary aggregates. The Norwegian economist Haavelmo (1945), overlooking the fact that the state also saves a part of its "income" (tax revenues) and spends it on investment, expressed the opinion that an additional income effect emanates even from balanced budgets. Today, this position seems rather extreme, although it is very probable that expenditure is realized faster in the public than in the private sector, especially in periods of recession. According to the classicals, there was no problem of adequacy of aggregate demand because of the operation of Say's Law. However, this Law could apply absolutely-as later became clear--only in a barter economy; consequently, it is not necessarily applicable to a money economy. Given the quantity of money and the supply of goods, an increase in liquidity preference in the economy, as emphasized by Keynes, would reduce aggregate demand (expenditure) and thus it would cause a shortage in effective demand. In the classical period, only Thomas R. Malthus (in the famous "gluts controversy") expressed concern that even if the total of aggregate savings in the economy were invested, production possibilities would
Pediatric patients with psoriasis and psychiatric disorders: premorbidity and comorbidity in a case-control study

Abstract Background: Psychiatric disorders are thought to play an important role in the onset, exacerbation and course of several chronic dermatological diseases. We aimed to investigate psychiatric diagnoses in children with psoriasis before and during the disease and to examine potentially related factors. Methods: A total of 108 children aged 8–16 years, 54 with a diagnosis of psoriasis and 54 healthy individuals, were included in the study. Participants were evaluated using The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS PL), Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the results were compared using statistical techniques. Results: At least one psychiatric diagnosis was present in 70.3% of children with psoriasis and in 27.7% of the control group, the difference being significant (p = .0001). It was seen that 73.6% of children with a psychiatric diagnosis were psychiatric diagnoses in the premorbid period. Children with psoriasis were determined to have 9.21-fold greater risk of anxiety (p = .0001) and a 6.65-fold greater risk of depression (p = .0019) compared with the control group. Conclusions: A statistically significant increase in psychiatric disorders occurs in disease periods in cases of pediatric psoriasis. Moreover, a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders was detected in the premorbid process. We think that it is important for these to be considered in the management of the disease and in controlling exacerbation, and for the mechanisms involved to be elucidated.
Response of vegetable pea (Pisum sativum) to sowing date and phosphorus under on-farm conditions

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1999-2000 and 2000-20Q1 at Kokriguda model watershed, block Semiliguda, district Koraput (Orissa), to find out optimum sowing time and phosphorus dose for vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.). The earliest sowing date (18 October) resulted in significantly better growth, yield attributes, green pod yield and net returns than 2 November and 17 November. Between the later 2 sowing dates, 2 November was significantly superior. Increasing phosphorus levels from 0 to 75 kg P,O,/ha sig- nificantly improved growth, yield and net returns. Moreover, combination of 18 October sowing and 75 kg P,O$ha resulted in highest green pod yield of 43.33 qlha being significantly higher than all other combinations. Phorphorus-use efficiency was highest with 18 October sowing and with 25 kg P,O,/ha. Maximum water-use-effi- ciency was recorded with 2 November-sown and 75 kg P,O$ha applied crop.
Procoagulant activity of erythrocytes and platelets through phosphatidylserine exposure and microparticles release in patients with nephrotic syndrome

Summary Recent studies showed that an imbalance of prothrombotic and antithrombotic factors and impaired thrombolytic activity contribute to the thrombophilia of the nephrotic syndrome (NS). However, it is not clear whether blood cell injury and/or activation is involved in hypercoagulability in NS patients. Our objectives were to study the increase in microparticle (MP) release and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the outer membrane of MP-origin cells in NS patients, and to evaluate their procoagulant activity (PCA). The subjects were patients with membranous nephropathy (MN), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and healthy controls. Analyses of MPs and PS exposure were performed using a flow cytometer. PCA was determined by clotting time and purified coagulation complex assays. We found that lactadherin+ MPs, which derived from red blood cells (RBC), platelet and endothelial cell, increased in NS patients. Moreover, PS exposure on RBCs and platelets in each NS group, especially in MN, are higher than that in controls. MP shedding and PS exposure of RBCs/platelets were highly procoagulant in NS patients. However, blockade of PS with lactadherin inhibited over 90% of PCA while an anti-tissue factor antibody had no significant inhibition effect. Our results demonstrate that the thrombophilic susceptibility of NS may be partly ascribed to MP release and PS exposure of RBCs, platelets and endothelial cells. Lactadherin is a sensitive probe for PS that has high anticoagulant activity.
Spionidae (Annelida: 'Polychaeta': Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes.

Seven species belonging to the spionid genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes were found during the polychaete workshop on Lizard Island in August 2013. One species is new to science and named Scolelepis inversa n. sp. , another Scolelepis species is probably also a new species but was represented in our samples by only a single specimen and not formally described. All other species have been reported previously from Australia. Species diagnoses of all species found during the workshop and of Scolelepis balihaiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979, Microspio microcera (Dorsey, 1977) and M. minuta (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) have been critically reviewed and amended based on the study of type material. The potential synonymy of Microspio minuta (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) and M. microcera (Dorsey, 1977) is discussed. The new combination Spio jirkovi (Sikorski, 1992) proposed by Sikorski (2013) is returned to Malacoceros. We added DNA barcodes for five species collected in the Lizard Island area to public databases which will be useful in future phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. For Microspio we provide the first sequence data for this genus.
The Future of Freshwater Macrophytes in a Changing World: Dissolved Organic Carbon Quantity and Quality and Its Interactions With Macrophytes

Freshwater ecosystems are confronted with the effects of climate change. One of the major changes is an increased concentration of aquatic carbon. Macrophytes are important in the aquatic carbon cycle and play as primary producers a crucial role in carbon storage in aquatic systems. However, macrophytes are affected by increasing carbon concentrations. The focus of this review lies on dissolved organic carbon (DOC), one of the most abundant forms of carbon in aquatic ecosystems which has many effects on macrophytes. DOC concentrations are rising; the exact cause of this increase is not known, although it is hypothesized that climate change is one of the drivers. The quality of DOC is also changing; for example, in urban areas DOC composition is different from the composition in natural watersheds, resulting in DOC that is more resistant to photo-degradation. Plants can benefit from DOC as it attenuates UV-B radiation, it binds potentially harmful heavy metals and provides CO2 as it breaks down. Yet plant growth can also be impaired under high DOC concentrations, especially by humic substances (HS). HS turn the water brown and attenuate light, which limits macrophyte photosynthesis at greater depths. This leads to lower macrophyte abundance and lower species diversity. HS form a wide class of chemicals with many different functional groups and they therefore have the ability to interfere with many biochemical processes that occur in freshwater organisms. Few studies have looked into the direct effects of HS on macrophytes, but there is evidence that HS can interfere with photosynthesis by entering macrophyte cells and causing damage. DOC can also affect reactivity of heavy metals, water and sediment chemistry. This indirectly affects macrophytes too, so they are exposed to multiple stressors that may have contradictive effects. Finally, macrophytes can affect DOC quality and quantity as they produce DOC themselves and provide a substrate to heterotrophic bacteria that degrade DOC. Because macrophytes take a key position in the aquatic ecosystem, it is essential to understand to what extent DOC quantity and quality in surface water are changing and how this will affect macrophyte growth and species diversity in the future.