Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metastable Magnetic Configurations and Their Significance for Solar Eruptive Events

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) involve the sudden release of magnetic energy that can lead to the ejection from the Sun of large masses of gas with entrained magnetic field. In dynamical systems, such sudden events are characteristic of metastable configurations that are stable against small perturbations but unstable to sufficiently large perturbations. Linear stability analysis indicates whether or not the first requirement is met, and energetic analysis can indicate whether or not the second requirement is met: if a magnetic configuration that is stable against small perturbations can make a transition to a lower energy state, then it is metastable. In this paper, we consider a long twisted flux tube, anchored at both ends in the photosphere and restrained by an overlying magnetic arcade. We argue from a simple order-of-magnitude calculation that, for appropriate parameter values, it is energetically favorable for part of the flux tube to erupt into interplanetary space, even when the configuration is stable according to linear MHD stability theory. The properties of metastable magnetic configurations may be relevant to CMEs and to other explosive astrophysical events such as solar flares.
Large and small-scale structures and the dust energy balance problem in spiral galaxies

The interstellar dust content in galaxies can be traced in extinction at optical wavelengths, or in emission in the far-infrared. Several studies have found that radiative transfer models that successfully explain the optical extinction in edge-on spiral galaxies generally underestimate the observed FIR/submm fluxes by a factor of about three. In order to investigate this so-called dust energy balance problem, we use two Milky Way-like galaxies produced by high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations. We create mock optical edge-on views of these simulated galaxies (using the radiative transfer code SKIRT), and we then fit the parameters of a basic spiral galaxy model to these images (using the fitting code FitSKIRT). The basic model includes smooth axisymmetric distributions along a S\'ersic bulge and exponential disc for the stars, and a second exponential disc for the dust. We find that the dust mass recovered by the fitted models is about three times smaller than the known dust mass of the hydrodynamical input models. This factor is in agreement with previous energy balance studies of real edge-on spiral galaxies. On the other hand, fitting the same basic model to less complex input models (e.g. a smooth exponential disc with a spiral perturbation or with random clumps), does recover the dust mass of the input model almost perfectly. Thus it seems that the complex asymmetries and the inhomogeneous structure of real and hydrodynamically simulated galaxies are a lot more efficient at hiding dust than the rather contrived geometries in typical quasi-analytical models. This effect may help explain the discrepancy between the dust emission predicted by radiative transfer models and the observed emission in energy balance studies for edge-on spiral galaxies.
The Relationship Between Neurotic Perfectionism and Symptoms of Eating Disorders in College-Age Women

This study was designed to examine the relationship between neurotic perfectionism and symptoms of eating disorders in college-age women. There is minimal published research addressing this relationship, and only one study has been conducted in which eating-disordered subjects were compared to non-eating-disordered subjects. Sixty-five female participants completed survey materials including the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the Neurotic Perfectionism Questionnaire (NPQ.) Participants were recruited from the Pavilion, the Eastern Illinois University Counseling Center, and from introductory psychology classes at Eastern Illinois University. Results suggest that there is a direct relationship between neurotic perfectionism and symptoms of eating disorders in college-age females. Participants with eating disorders and those who had disturbed eating behaviors (undiagnosed eating disorders) had stronger correlations between neurotic perfectionism and eating disorder symptomology than did the comparison group, and the eating-disordered and undiagnosed participants had higher NPQ scores than the comparison group. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The Role of Management Skills in the Selection of Management Model by Sports Managers

Background. Despite the research being accomplished so far, there is no clear answer to the question that "Do management skills have effect in the selection of management model by sports managers". Objective(s). The present study aims to investigate the effect of technical, human, perceptual, and political skills on the selection of managerial model by sports managers. Methods. This is a descriptive-correlational study conducted using a survey method. The statistical population of the study comprised 405 managers of sport organizations, including managers of general directorate, sports departments, and other organs of Isfahan, of whom 199 individuals were selected with stratified random sampling as the statistical sample through Cochran's sample size formula. The Bass Management Model (1996) and Management Skills of Nazari (2015) were used as the instruments and their face and content validity and reliability were confirmed (0.91, α = 0.89). Results. Based on the results of this research, among management skills, managers' perceptual skills can predict power and explain changes in management styles of managers and can explain 39% of the variance of the managers' management styles. Based on Friedman's test, prioritization of the dimensions of management skills from the managers' point of view indicates that the perceptual skills (3.9) and political skills (2.1) respectively account for the highest and the lowest rank among the studied dimensions. Conclusion. Understanding the general problems of the organization helps managers to be more careful in selecting their styles and choosing the best management model. Although technical knowledge and human and political skills play a significant role, perceptual skills have the most effective role.
Numerical Analysis of Wind Turbine Airfoil Aerodynamic Performance with Leading Edge Bump

Aerodynamic performance improvement of wind turbine blade is the key process to improve wind turbine performance in electricity generated and energy conversion in renewable energy sources concept. The flow behavior on wind turbine blades profile and the relevant phenomena like stall can be improved by some modifications. In the present paper, Humpback Whales flippers leading edge protuberances model as a novel passive stall control method was investigated on S809 as a thick airfoil. The airfoil was numerically analyzed by CFD method in Reynolds number of 106 and aerodynamic coefficients in static angle of attacks were validated with the experimental data reported by Somers in NREL. Therefore, computational results for modified airfoil with sinusoidal wavy leading edge were presented. The results revealed that, at low angles of attacks before the stall region, lift coefficient decreases slightly rather than baseline model. However, the modified airfoil has a smooth stall trend while baseline airfoil lift coefficient decreases sharply due to the separation which occurred on suction side. According to the flow physics over the airfoils, leading edge bumps act as vortex generator so vortices containing high level of momentum make the flow remain attached to the surface of the airfoil at high angle of attack and prevent it from having a deep stall.
Life cycle analysis of Jatropha curcas as a sustainable biodiesel feedstock in Argentina

Fil: Beaver, Alexa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Bahia Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingenieria Quimica. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingenieria Quimica; Argentina
The interplay of gender role orientation and Type-D personality as predictors of body dissatisfaction in undergraduate women

The importance of body image and its effects on psychological functioning and health behaviours has received much interest in recent decades; however its precursors are still unclear. The purpose of the present research was to focus attention on the associations between gender role orientation (agency-communion), Type-D personality and body image. Undergraduate women aged between 18 and 47 from Plymouth University School of Psychology ( N = 120, n = 64 for non Type-D group, n = 56 for Type-D group) completed measures of gender role orientation (PAQ), Type-D personality classification (DS-14) and attitudes towards body image (MBRSQ). Results indicate that Type-D personality significantly lowered body image satisfaction. Regression analysis revealed agency as a predictor of body image, even as a function of Type-D classification. The clinical implications of agency as a potential protective factor against body dissatisfaction and scope for future research are discussed.
Near-future climate change over Europe with focus on Croatia in an ensemble of regional climate model simulations

The RegCM climate model was used at a 35 km resolution to downscale the 3-member global ECHAM5/MPI-OM ensemble based on the IPCC A2 scenario covering the European-Mediterranean domain. Within the reference climate (1961−1990), the model high 2 m temperatures (T2m) were reduced and low temperatures were increased relative to verification in a large portion of the domain. Precipitation was underestimated in summer over the Mediterranean region but was overestimated over western Europe in winter, probably due to excessive westerlies in the global model. When RegCM was forced by ERA-40, the dominant errors in the summer T2m appear to be genuine RegCM errors, but a large fraction of errors in winter precipitation was imported from the lateral boundaries. In the near future (2011−2040), the summer T2m is projected to increase by +1.8°C over southwest Europe. The simulated change in precipitation is small and is significant only in regions around the Mediterranean. The wetter north and drier south, a major feature in projections of the European winter climate in the late 21st century, is not predicted for the near future. Similarly, summer drying is confined to western Europe in contrast to nearly continental scale drying observed in projections of the late 21st century. This finding may influence the approaches for adaptation to climate change in the first half and at the end of this century. The effects of downscaling at small scales are analysed for the case of Croatia. The spatial distribution of the number of days with extreme T2m and precipitation in RegCM is consistent with observations. However, this metric is generally underestimated, indicating that over complex orography, even higher horizontal resolution is needed to better resolve climate extremes.
Some Physical Properties of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Fruit

4 Abstract: Information about physical properties of cherry fruit is very important for understanding the behavior of the product during the post harvest operations such as harvesting, transporting, sorting, grading, packaging and storage processes. This research was undertaken to study some physical properties of six Iranian sweet cherry cultivars (Mashad, Siah Mashad, Dorageh Karaj, Shabestar, Siah Daneshkadeh and Ghazvin). These properties include: linear dimensions, geometric mean diameter, projected area, criteria projected area, surface area, sphericity, volume, mass, bulk and fruit density, packaging coefficient, static coefficient of friction and ratio of length to width, length to thickness and length to mass. The peduncle length of cherry fruit varied from 27.04 to 72.1 mm with CV of 18%. The fruit length, width and thickness ranged from 17.92 to 26.78, from 16.50 to 24.57 and from 14.62 to 23.41 with CV of 8.38, 7.71 and 8.53%, respectively. The geometric mean diameter ranged from 16.55 to 24.46 with CV of 7.81%. The criteria projected area of each cherry cultivar resulted in different means, varying from 481.19 to 599.04 mm . The highest and the lowest volume and mass were found 2
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreases vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in postmenopausal women

In premenopausal women cardiovascular disease is rarely encountered, but after menopause the prevalence of cardiovascular disease increases drastically. There are several risk factors for cardiovascular disease, known as traditional risk factors, among others body fat concentration, age, duration of menopause, body mass index (BMI), and estradiol concentration. Cardiovascular disease is considered as an inflammatory disorder, in which adhesion molecules play an important role. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is one of the adhesion molecules with an important role in the atherosclerotic process. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of risk factors affecting the expression of VCAM-1 in postmenopausal women. This study was a cross-sectional study involving 182 postmenopausal women in the age range of 47- 60 years, who were residents of Mampang Prapatan subdistrict, South Jakarta. Venous blood samples were obtained for laboratory investigations, viz. fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transamirase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transmirasi (SGPT), bilirubin, total protein, albumin, estradiol and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). A multiple regression analysis was performed on traditional risk factors and their relationship with VCAM-1 concentration. The results showed there were five traditional risk factors influencing VCAM-1 concentration, viz. duration of menopause, BMI, estradiol concentration, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. Among these five factors, LDL cholesterol had the greatest influence on VCAM-1 expression (beta coefficient = -0.253 and p=0.001). In conclusion, LDL cholesterol concentration decreased VCAM-1 expression in postmenopausal women.
Forecasting Using a Large Number of Predictors: Bayesian Model Averaging Versus Principal Components Regression

We study the performance of Bayesian model averaging as a forecasting method for a large panel of time series and compare its performance to principal components regression (PCR). We show empirically that these forecasts are highly correlated implying similar mean-square forecast errors. Applied to forecasting Industrial production and in ation in the United States, we find that the set of variables deemed informative changes over time which suggest temporal instability due to collinearity and to the of Bayesian variable selection method to minor perturbations of the data. In terms of mean-squared forecast error, principal components based forecasts have a slight marginal advantage over BMA. However, this marginal edge of PCR in the average global out-of-sample performance hides important changes in the local forecasting power of the two approaches. An analysis of the Theil index indicates that the loss of performance of PCR is due mainly to its exuberant biases in matching the mean of the two series especially the in ation series. BMA forecasts series matches the first and second moments of the GDP and in ation series very well with practically zero biases and very low volatility. The fluctuation statistic that measures the relative local performance shows that BMA performed consistently better than PCR and the naive benchmark (random walk) over the period prior to 1985. Thereafter, the performance of both BMA and PCR was relatively modest compared to the naive benchmark.
Analysis of Organisational Culture on Component Conceptualisation of Organisational Commitment in Ghana's Banking Industry

The organisational culture within the Banking industry has crucial untoward consequences on employee commitment due to competition within the sector. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organisational culture and organisational commitment in the Ghanaian Banking Industry using Multinational banks. The study followed a positivist research philosophy and adopted a quantitative approach in gathering, interpreting and analysing the data. Data was collected from 121 employees working with multinational banks in Kumasi, Ghana through structured questionnaires. Structural Equation Modelling using Smart PLS version 2.0 was used to analyse the data. The findings show that organisational culture of the banks in Ghana has a positive relationship with affective commitment, normative commitment as well as calculative commitment. The findings contribute to a better understanding of how companies' cultures have a strong influence on employees' commitment. The findings point to the need for managers in the multinational banks to pay attention to the commitment level of their employees in order to ensure that employees within the industry have a pleasurable working environment.
Corporate Governance and Intellectual Capital: Evidence From Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Corporate governance is considered as a management mechanism tool which enhances the ability of firms in disclosing relevant information for decision makers. Subsequently, good corporate governance enriches financial statements by reporting information regarding intellectual capital which indicates the ability of firms in managing their own assets and reflecting their value. Accordingly, the current research focuses on the relationship of corporate governance with intellectual capital disclosure in the GCC Countries. A regression model was developed to measure the relationship between the variables. The results showed that the total level of intellectual capital was 73% and the level of corporate governance applied by the GCC firms was 78%. Moreover, the findings indicate that there is a weak negative relationship between CGL and ICL. The current research extended the previous studies conducted in the GCC Countries by using a wider checklist, using a larger sample (274) and conducting a comparison study among the all GCC countries. As a result, this paper is important as it seeks to contribute empirical evidence to the literature regarding the intellectual capital and corporate governance in developing countries, particularly in the GCC Countries.
A total sky cloud detection method using real clear sky background

Abstract. The brightness distribution of sky background is usually non-uniform, which creates many problems for traditional cloud detection methods, including the failure of thin cloud detection in total sky images and significantly reducing retrieval accuracy in the circumsolar and near-horizon regions. This paper describes the development of a new cloud detection algorithm, named "clear sky background differencing (CSBD)", which is accomplished by differencing the original image and the corresponding clear sky background image using the images' green channel. First, a library of clear sky background images with a variety of solar elevation angles needs to be developed. The image rotation and image brightness adjustment algorithms are applied to ensure the two images being differenced have the same solar position and similar brightness distribution. Sensitivity tests show that the cloud detection results are satisfactory when the two images have the same solar positions. Several experimental cases show that the CSBD algorithm obtains good cloud recognition results visually, especially for thin clouds.
Investigating drivers of bank loyalty: the complex relationship between image, service quality and satisfaction

This article investigates how image, perceived service quality and satisfaction determine loyalty in a retail bank setting at the global construct level, as well as the level of construct dimensions. At the global level the results of a large‐scale empirical study reveal that image is indirectly related to bank loyalty via perceived quality. In turn, service quality is both directly and indirectly related to bank loyalty via satisfaction. The latter has a direct effect on bank loyalty. At the level of the dimensions underlying aforementioned constructs, it becomes clear that reliability (a quality dimension) and position in the market (an image dimension) are relatively important drivers of retail bank loyalty.
The Brownian Fan

We provide a mathematical study of the modified diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) algorithm introduced in the companion article [3]. DMC is a simulation technique that uses branching particle systems to represent expectations associated with Feynman‐Kac formulae. We provide a detailed heuristic explanation of why, in cases in which a stochastic integral appears in the Feynman‐Kac formula (e.g., in rare event simulation, continuous time filtering, and other settings), the new algorithm is expected to converge in a suitable sense to a limiting process as the time interval between branching steps goes to 0. The situation studied here stands in stark contrast to the “naï ve” generalization of the DMC algorithm, which would lead to an exponential explosion of the number of particles, thus precluding the existence of any finite limiting object. Convergence is shown rigorously in the simplest possible situation of a random walk, biased by a linear potential. The resulting limiting object, which we call the “Brownian fan,” is a very natural new mathematical object of independent interest. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LEGAL INSTITUTIONS AND TIMELINESS OF EARNINGS

This study examines systematic differences in relations between the timeliness of earnings as measured by the price-leading-earnings effects and country-specific legal institutional factors. We use a sample of firm-level observations during the period from1989 to1999 in 22 East Asian and Western European countries that exhibit different levels of legal institutional features, and find evidence of earnings lacking timeliness. We hypothesize that the informativeness of prices about future earnings increases with better legal institutions, namely disclosure quality, investor protection and legal enforcement. Our results are consistent with these predictions. Furthermore, multiple regression results show that each of the three country-specific legal institutional features is an important determinant of the timeliness of earnings and adds the incremental contribution above and beyond the others.
English teachers’ perceptions toward the effectiveness of using Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in teaching grammar at Al Ain public schools

This study investigates English teachers' perceptions toward the effectiveness of using Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in teaching grammar at Al Ain public schools. This study was conducted using a questionnaire to collect the required data from the participants (n=180) regarding their perceptions toward the effectiveness of using CLT in teaching grammar. The results of this study revealed that English teachers at Al Ain public schools perceived CLT as an effective approach in teaching grammar (m= 3.83). The results have also shown that the participants prefer using communicative activities in teaching grammar when using CLT (m=3.69). As for the challenges, the teachers indicated that students' low English proficiency especially in grammar, large classes, and heavy teaching load are among the most common challenges that they face. These results provide schools and other education authorities with the required information that they need about the effectiveness of CLT in teaching grammar in terms of three key areas: teachers' perceptions toward the effectiveness of this approach in teaching grammar, the activities that English teachers prefer to use, and the challenges that they face in CLT implementation. Finally, this study was conducted at Al Ain public schools, United Arab Emirates; however, more studies are still required in other contexts to further investigate this approach and its effectiveness from different perspectives.