Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delay optimized worst case fair WFQ (WF/sup 2/Q) packet scheduling

The worst-case fairness index (WFI) has proved to be an important metric in the provision of fairness and bounded delay in both wired and wireless networks. Worst case fair WFQ (WF/sup 2/Q) is better than weighted fair queuing (WFQ) in that it can provide bounded WFI. However, simulations show that in some circumstances WF/sup 2/Q has higher WFI and queuing delay than WFQ. This paper firstly analyzes the reasons why WF/sup 2/Q sometimes experiences higher WFI, and based on this, an adaptive packet queuing algorithm termed delay optimized WF/sup 2/Q (DO-WF/sup 2/Q), is proposed. This algorithm aims to improve the delay index (DI) while maintaining the WFI bound provided by WF/sup 2/Q. Verifications and simulations show that DO-WF/sup 2/Q can reduce DI while not destroying the WFI bound, and at the same time maintain low complexity.
In Vivo Chaperone Activity of Heat Shock Protein 70 and Thermotolerance

ABSTRACT Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is thought to play a critical role in the thermotolerance of mammalian cells, presumably due to its chaperone activity. We examined the chaperone activity and cellular heat resistance of a clonal cell line in which overexpression of Hsp70 was transiently induced by means of the tetracycline-regulated gene expression system. This single-cell-line approach circumvents problems associated with clonal variation and indirect effects resulting from constitutive overexpression of Hsp70. The in vivo chaperone function of Hsp70 was quantitatively investigated by using firefly luciferase as a reporter protein. Chaperone activity was found to strictly correlate to the level of Hsp70 expression. In addition, we observed an Hsp70 concentration dependent increase in the cellular heat resistance. In order to study the contribution of the Hsp70 chaperone activity, heat resistance of cells that expressed tetracycline-regulated Hsp70 was compared to thermotolerant cells expressing the same level of Hsp70 plus all of the other heat shock proteins. Overexpression of Hsp70 alone was sufficient to induce a similar recovery of cytoplasmic luciferase activity, as does expression of all Hsps in thermotolerant cells. However, when the luciferase reporter protein was directed to the nucleus, expression of Hsp70 alone was not sufficient to yield the level of recovery observed in thermotolerant cells. In addition, cells expressing the same level of Hsp70 found in heat-induced thermotolerant cells containing additional Hsps showed increased resistance to thermal killing but were more sensitive than thermotolerant cells. These results suggest that the inducible form of Hsp70 contributes to the stress-tolerant state by increasing the chaperone activity in the cytoplasm. However, its expression alone is apparently insufficient for protection of other subcellular compartments to yield clonal heat resistance to the level observed in thermotolerant cells.
Use of pharmaceuticals by inflammatory bowel disease patients: a population-based study

OBJECTIVES:In 1996 we created the population-based University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Database. In 1994, Manitoba Health established the Drug Program Information Network (DPIN), which identified all ambulatory prescription drugs dispensed to each individual resident of the province. All residents have a personal health identification number, and use of this number allowed linkage of the IBD database with the DPIN database. Our aim was to use the linkage of these databases to describe prescription drug use by patients with IBD in Manitoba in 1997.METHODS:We analyzed all prescriptions and costs for fiscal year 1997, and stratified our analysis by age, sex, urban versus nonurban residence, income, and disease (Crohn's disease vs ulcerative colitis). We also extracted all subjects diagnosed with IBD in 1984–1987 and those diagnosed in 1994–97 and compared any differences in prescribing patterns in 1997 for these two cohorts.RESULTS:A total of 87.5% of IBD subjects received prescriptions in 1997. There was a direct, significant relationship between increasing age and number of different prescriptions per IBD drug user and total prescription costs per IBD drug user (in adults only), particularly for alimentary drugs. Female patients used a greater number of different prescriptions, but there was no difference between sexes in costs per user. Only 7.8% of patients used immunomodulatory drugs, but these accounted for the greatest cost ($1404) per user. Patients whose disease was diagnosed in 1994–1997 were significantly more likely to be prescribed oral or rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid and steroids than were those whose disease was diagnosed in 1984–1987. In addition, prescriptions for rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid were significantly increased in those patients whose diagnoses were made later over those whose diagnoses were made earlier. Male patients and Crohn's disease patients were more likely to use oral steroids and immunomodulatory medications. Based on the decade of diagnosis, there was no difference in prescribing patterns for immunomodulatory medications.CONCLUSIONS:The linkage of the University of Manitoba IBD Database and the Manitoba DPIN Database allowed a description of patterns of prescription use in a population-based sample of IBD patients. Among the important findings are the lack of effect of gender and urban residence on prescription use in IBD patients; however the decade of diagnosis did affect prescribing patterns. Furthermore, only 7.8% overall receive immunomodulatory medications, but this was independent of the decade of diagnosis.
Diabetes and cancer risk for all and specific sites among Japanese men and women

Associations between diabetes and multisite cancer risk were examined in a case–control study of 11 672 incident cancer cases (5341 men and 6331 women) and 47 768 cancer-free controls (14 199 men and 33 569 women). Using an unconditional logistic regression model and controlling for potential confounding factors, a past/present history of diabetes was associated with cancer risks for all sites in both men and women (odds ratios=1.44 and 1.39, 95% confidence intervals=1.28–1.62 and 1.19–1.62), respectively. Significantly increased risk was found for cancers of the pharynx, esophagus, colorectum, liver, pancreas, larynx and lung among men, and of the stomach, liver, lung and cervix uteri among women. Among participants with a family history of diabetes, a past/present history of diabetes was also associated with cancer risks of all sites among men and women (odds ratios=1.41 and 1.96, 95% confidence intervals=1.04–1.93 and 1.44–2.68, respectively). The associations were highest for pancreatic cancer among men and the stomach, colorectum and corpus uteri among women. Our findings support the conclusion that diabetes is associated with the etiology of cancer development, and we suggest that a family history of diabetes should be considered as a risk factor for several cancer sites among participants with a past/present history of diabetes.
Different centre of pressure patterns within the golf stroke I: Cluster analysis

Abstract Weight transfer research in the golf swing has produced conflicting and inconclusive results. A limitation of previous studies is the assumption that only one swing “style” exists within the golf swing. If different styles, or movement strategies, exist and if the different styles are analysed together in a single group, statistical errors will result. The aim of this study was to determine if different weight transfer styles exist in the golf swing by applying cluster analysis to centre of pressure (CP) patterns in the direction of hit (CPy) and to evaluate cluster analysis issues. Sixty-two professional to high handicap golfers performed simulated drives, hitting a golf ball into a net, while standing on two force plates. Centre of pressure position relative to the feet (CPy%) was quantified at eight swing events identified from 200-Hz video. Cluster analysis identified two major CPy% styles: a “Front Foot” style and a “Reverse” style. Both styles began with CPy% positioned evenly between the feet, moved to the back foot during backswing, and then forward during early downswing. Beyond early downswing, the Front Foot group continued to move CPy% to the Front Foot through to ball contact, while the Reverse group moved CPy% towards the back foot through ball contact and follow-through. Both weight transfer styles were evident across skill levels from professional to high handicap golfers, indicating that neither style was a technical error. Cluster analysis should include hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering and use objective measures combined with theoretical assessment to determine the optimal number of clusters. Furthermore, a number of validation procedures should always be used to validate the solution.
School Starting Age and Cognitive Development

We present evidence of a positive relationship between school starting age and children’s cognitive development from age 6 to 15 using a regression discontinuity design and large-scale population-level birth and school data from the state of Florida. We estimate effects of being relatively old for grade (being born in September versus August) that are remarkably stable – always just around 0.2 SD difference in test scores – across a wide range of heterogeneous groups, based on maternal education, poverty at birth, race/ethnicity, birth weight, gestational age, and school quality. While the September-August difference in kindergarten readiness is dramatically different by subgroup, by the time students take their first exams, the heterogeneity in estimated effects effectively disappears. We document substantial variation in compensatory behaviors targeted towards young for grade children. While the more affluent families tend to redshirt their children, young for grade children from less affluent families are more likely to be retained in grades prior to testing. School district practices regarding retention and redshirting are correlated with improved outcomes for the groups less likely to use those remediation approaches (i.e., retention in the case of more-affluent families and redshirting in the case of less-affluent families.) We also study college and juvenile detention outcomes using administrative data from a large Florida school district, and show that being an older age at school entry increases children’s college attainment and reduces the likelihood of being incarcerated for juvenile crime.
Over‐, Required, and Undereducation: Consequences on the Bottom Lines of Firms

We provide first evidence regarding the direct effect of over&#8208;, required, and undereducation on the bottom lines of firms across work environments. We use detailed Belgian linked employer&#8211;employee panel data, rely on the methodological approach pioneered by Hellerstein et&#160;al. (1999), and estimate dynamic panel data models at the firm level. Our findings show an &#8216;inverted L&#8217; profitability profile: undereducation is associated with lower profits, whereas higher levels of required and overeducation are correlated with positive economic rents of roughly the same magnitude. The size of these effects is amplified in firms experiencing economic uncertainty or operating in high&#8208;tech/knowledge sectors.
A comparison of ovarian metastasis between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to investigate a possible difference in ovarian metastasis between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and to confirm clinicopathological variables associated with the metastases. METHODS Clinical and pathological variables of 1064 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma and 240 with adenocarcinoma were studied. RESULTS Ovarian metastasis was found in 14 patients (1.3%) with squamous cell carcinoma and 15 (6.3%) with adenocarcinoma. The mean age of patients with ovarian metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma was 57.4 years, compared to 50.2 years for adenocarcinoma. Ovarian metastasis of adenocarcinoma was more likely to be visible (40.0%) and present in both ovaries (66.7%), while these two characteristics occurred in only 21.4 and 36.7% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma. A logistic regression analysis with clinical variables indicated that clinical stage beyond IIb was a significant variable of squamous cell carcinoma, and more than 30-mm tumor size was significant in adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION The incidence of ovarian metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix was significantly higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of adenocarcinoma was associated more closely with tumor size than clinical stage, whereas it was more associated with clinical stage in squamous cell carcinoma. The results thus suggested that the differences in ovarian metastases were caused by the different characteristics of the two types of carcinoma.
Interacting motif networks located in hotspots associated with RNA release are conserved in Enterovirus capsids

Enteroviruses are responsible for a multitude of human diseases. Expansion of the virus capsid is associated with a cascade of conformational changes that allow the subsequent release of RNA. For the first time, this study presents a comprehensive bioinformatic screen for the prediction of interacting motifs within intraprotomer interfaces and across respective interfaces surrounding the fivefold and twofold axes. The results identify a network of conserved motif residues involved in interactions in enteroviruses that may be critical to capsid stabilisation, providing guidelines towards developing antivirals that interfere with viral expansion during RNA release.
HEAVY METALS IN SOME SPECIES OF WATERFOWL OF NORTHERN ITALY

Concentrations of heavy metals (zinc, copper, cadmium, and iron) were measured in several tissues (brain, gizzard, leg-muscle, heart, breast-muscle, intestine, liver and kidney) of moorhens (Gallinula chloropus), black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus), and coots (Fulica atra) collected between autumn 1985 and spring 1989 in northern Italy. Cadmium concentrations in the liver and kidney of water-rails (Rallus aquaticus) and in five species of Anatidae collected also were measured. High mean (±SD) copper levels were detected in aerobic muscles such as heart (38 ± 5 μg/g dry weight (DW)) and pectoral muscles (35 ± 7 μg/g DW). Compared to other tissues, the iron content of brain was rather low and constant, with a mean value of 160 ± 17 μg/g DW in moorhens, 157 ± 60 μg/g DW in black-headed gulls, and 157 ± 25 μg/g DW in coots. Iron concentrations in tissues of moorhens from the Reno River were significantly higher than those from the Sile River. Cadmium was detectable only in the liver and kidney; there was a linear relationship between cadmium levels in these two organs. The highest mean (±SD) cadmium concentrations were present in the kidney of black-headed gull (30 ± 20 μg/g DW).
Production-Based Asset Pricing in a Monetary Economy: Theory and Evidence

This paper considers capital asset pricing based on the production side of a monetary economy. Relying on a general version of the traditional Real Business Cycle model with cash and credit goods, we find that the variables determining the mean excess returns of all financial assets are i) capital growth, ii) the nominal rate and iii) the capital to wealth. Ratio. Our model is parsimonious in that the results do not lean on any particular specification of the production function nor capital adjustment costs. Empirical evidence gives strong support to the presence of the elicited factors in the cross section of excess returns on portfolios sorted i) by firm characteristics or ii) by industry. Both unconditional and conditional versions of the model are shown to perform as well as the Fama-French (1993) three-factor model when the universe of 25 portfolios sorted by size and book to market ratio is considered. On an extended portfolio universe, our model is shown to perform slightly better than the Fama-French model. We also show that our macro-related risk variables have some predicting power for the aggregate dividend yield and equity market premium
Volatility spillovers under difference in the degree of market integration: Evidence from the selected Asian and Eastern European stock markets

This research aims to investigate volatility transmitted from the world market to ten Asian and Eastern European stock markets and from major stock market in the region to the rest of stock markets by considering their degree of integrations. To assess this, we apply GARCH(p,q) model and involve dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model to generate the dynamic degree of integration. The monthly market indices data over the period from May 2002 to March 2018 are taken from 11 markets -5 Asian ones (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and the Philippines), 5 Eastern European (Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine), and the world market data. Furthermore, the volatility spillover was analysed during the global financial crisis period, from May 1, 2008 to May 29, 2009. The findings show that volatility spillovers from the world and the major regional markets to domestic stock markets are conditional on the degree of integrations. Specifically, there is no volatility spillover from the world and regional major markets on segmented Received: September, 2018 1st Revision: October, 2018 Accepted: January, 2019 DOI: 10.14254/20718330.2019/12-1/9 Journal of International Studies S ci en ti fi c P a pe rs © Foundation of International Studies, 2019 © CSR, 2019 Harjum Muharam, Wisnu Mawardi, Erman Denny Arfinto, Najmudin Volatility spillovers under difference in the degree of market integration: Evidence from. 135 stock markets. In contrast, domestic stock markets which are integrated could experience the volatility spillover. Moreover, this confirms for both crisis circumstances and the overall period.
Volume sampled voxelization of geometric primitives

We present a 3-D antialiasing algorithm for voxel-based geometric models. The technique band-limits the continuous object before sampling it at the desired 3-D raster resolution. By precomputing tables of filter values for different types and sizes of geometric objects, the algorithm is very efficient and has a complexity that is linear with the number of voxels generated. The algorithm not only creates voxel models which are free from object space aliasing, but it also incorporates the image space antialiasing information as part of the view independent voxel model. The resulting alias-free voxel models have been used to model synthetic scenes, for discrete ray tracing applications. The discrete ray-traced image is superior in quality to the image generated with a conventional surface-based ray tracer, since silhouettes of objects, shadows, and reflections appear smooth (jaggy-less). In addition, the alias-free models are also suitable for intermixing with sampled datasets, since they can be treated uniformly as one common data representation. <<ETX>>
Caring for Medical Students as Patients: Access to Services and Care‐seeking Practices of 1,027 Students at Nine Medical Schools

Purpose The personal health care of medical students is an important but neglected issue in medical education. Preliminary work suggests that medical student-patients experience special barriers to health care services and report problematic care-seeking practices that merit further inquiry. Method A self-report questionnaire was piloted, revised, and distributed to students at nine medical schools in 1996–97. The survey included questions regarding access to health services, care-seeking practices, and demographic information. Results A total of 1,027 students participated (52% response rate). Ninety percent reported needing care for various health concerns. Fifty-seven percent did not seek care at times, in part due to training demands, and 48% had encountered difficulties in obtaining care. A majority had received treatment at their training institutions, and students commonly pursued informal or “curbside” care from medical colleagues. Almost all participants (96%) were insured. Differences in responses were associated with level of training, gender, and medical school. Conclusion Medical schools shoulder the responsibility not only of educating but also of providing health services for their students. Students encounter barriers to care and engage in problematic care-seeking practices. Greater attention to issues surrounding medical student health may benefit students and their future patients.
Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An Update on Pathophysiology and Management

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are acquired antibodies directed against negatively charged phospholipids, a group of inner and outer cell membrane antigens found in mammals. Obstetric antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is diagnosed in the presence of certain clinical features in conjunction with positive laboratory findings. Although obstetric APS was originally reported in association with slow progressive thrombosis and infarction in the placenta, it is most often associated with a poor obstetric outcome. In fact, obstetric APS is one of the most commonly identified causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Thus obstetric APS is distinguished from APS in other organ systems where the most common manifestation is thrombosis. Several pathophysiological mechanisms of action of aPLs have been described. The most common histopathological finding in early pregnancy loss has been defective endovascular decidual trophoblastic invasion. Treatment with heparin and aspirin is emerging as the therapy of choice, with ∼75% of treated women with RPL and aPLs having a successful delivery compared with <50% without treatment. This review highlights the diagnostic challenges of obstetric APS, the obstetric complications associated with APS, proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of APS during pregnancy, and the management of women during and after pregnancy.
Treatment of complicated pleural fluid collections with image-guided drainage and intracavitary urokinase.

STUDY OBJECTIVE We report the results of image-guided catheter drainage with adjunctive enzymatic pleural debridement in the treatment of empyemas and other complicated pleural fluid collections. DESIGN Retrospective review. PATIENTS One hundred eighteen patients with complicated pleural fluid collections were treated with image-guided drainage. There were 79 empyemas, 27 sterile loculated parapneumonic effusions, 10 sterile hemothoraces, and 2 sterile postoperative exudative effusions. Forty-one patients had failed prior large-bore thoracostomy drainage. The estimated age of the effusions at the time of image-guided drainage ranged from 1 to 175 days with a mean estimated age of 13 days. INTERVENTIONS Patients were treated with image-guided placement of one or more 12F to 16F chest drains. Adjunctive urokinase instillation was used in 98 cases. Urokinase (100,000 to 250,000 U/mL) was instilled in 20 to 240-mL aliquots and reaspirated in 1 to 4 h. One to four instillations were performed per day until drainage was complete. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Drainage was successful in 111 cases (94%). Two patients died of sepsis with incomplete drainage. Five patients underwent decortication (three recovered and two died postoperatively). Fifty-three patients (45%) required placement of more than one drain. The mean duration of drainage was 6.3 days. Patients treated with pleurolysis required a mean of five instillations of urokinase. The mean total dose of urokinase used per case was 466,000 U. There were no complications. CONCLUSION Image-guided drainage with adjunctive pleural urokinase therapy is a safe and effective method of closed thoracostomy drainage of complicated pleural fluid collections and can obviate surgery in most cases.