Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD SELF-EMPLOYMENT INTENTION IN TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN NIGERIA

The paper analyzes students' attitudes toward self-employment intention. Students have different traits which perhaps are responsible for shaping their attitudes. The decision to become self-employed is dependent on so many factors. People become self-employed either because they want to explore an existing opportunity or because there is limited paid employment opportunities. High unemployment rate among graduate is one of the major problems facing government of Nigeria at present. The recent effort by the governments at different levels to encourage youth to become self-employed is an indication of the resolve to redirect students' attitudes toward self-self-employment in the country. At this stage, it is important to ascertain what influence the attitude of students and how they vary in their intention toward self-employment. Survey design was conducted to collect data from final year student of Higher National Diploma (HND) across four schools of Kano State Polytechnic. Correlation analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to examine the relationship among the selected variables and to know the difference among the students on their self-employment intentions. It was found that the relationship between self-employment intentions with the students' self-efficacy, innovativeness and risk taking propensity are positive, whereas self-employment intention negatively relates with the students' locus of control. The study also reveals that there is no significant difference among students on their self-employment intentions.
ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR-DEFINITION , DETERMINANTS AND EFFECTS

In this paper, it is considered the phenomenon of organizational citizenship behavior from the time when the concept appeared in the literature until now, its definition and changing nature. Also, it is analyzed the relation between OCB and other related concepts, its connection with organizational culture, attitudes, values, etc. Through analyzing concept essence, it is explained the possibility to manage this kind of a behavior and especially leader`s role as motivation factor to engage in OCB. Analyze is based on sixteen scientific articles related to the organizational citizenship behavior. The OCB concept is relatively new in the literature so it needs to be further examined because there is possibility to develop it.
Sustained Wolbachia-mediated blocking of dengue virus isolates following serial passage in Aedes aegypti cell culture

Abstract Wolbachia is an intracellular endosymbiont of insects that inhibits the replication of a range of pathogens in its arthropod hosts. The release of Wolbachia into wild populations of mosquitoes is an innovative biocontrol effort to suppress the transmission of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) to humans, most notably dengue virus. The success of the Wolbachia-based approach hinges upon the stable persistence of the ‘pathogen blocking’ effect, whose mechanistic basis is poorly understood. Evidence suggests that Wolbachia may affect viral replication via a combination of competition for host resources and activation of host immunity. The evolution of resistance against Wolbachia and pathogen blocking in the mosquito or the virus could reduce the public health impact of the symbiont releases. Here, we investigate if dengue 3 virus (DENV-3) is capable of accumulating adaptive mutations that improve its replicative capacity during serial passage in Wolbachia wMel-infected cells. During the passaging regime, viral isolates in Wolbachia-infected cells exhibited greater variation in viral loads compared to controls. The viral loads of these isolates declined rapidly during passaging due to the blocking effects of Wolbachia carriage, with several being lost all together and the remainder recovering to low but stable levels. We attempted to sequence the genomes of the surviving passaged isolates but, given their low abundance, were unable to obtain sufficient depth of coverage for evolutionary analysis. In contrast, viral loads in Wolbachia-free control cells were consistently high during passaging. The surviving isolates passaged in the presence of Wolbachia exhibited a reduced ability to replicate even in Wolbachia-free cells. These experiments demonstrate the challenge for dengue in evolving resistance to Wolbachia-mediated blocking.
Structural properties of ultrathin SrO film deposited on SrTiO3

ABSTRACT The role of epitaxial strain and chemical termination in selected interfaces of perovskite oxide heterostructures is under intensive investigation because of emerging novel electronic properties. SrTiO (STO) is one of the most used substrates for these compounds, and along its direction allows for two nonpolar chemical terminations: TiO2 and SrO. In this paper, we investigate the surface morphology and crystal structure of SrO epitaxial ultrathin films: from 1 to about 25 layers grown onto TiO -terminated STO substrates. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis reveal that SrO grows along its direction with a 4% out-of-plane elongation. This large strain may underlay the mechanism of the formation of self-organized pattern of stripes that we observed in the initial growth. We found that the distance between the TiO plane and the first deposited SrO layer is nm, a value which is about 40% bigger than in the STO bulk. We demonstrate that a single SrO-deposited layer has a different morphology compared to an ideal atomically flat chemical termination. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Almost Global Convergence to Global Minima for Gradient Descent in Deep Linear Networks

In this article we prove that, for almost all training data-target pairs, a linear deep neural network exhibits convergence for almost all initializations to a global minimum when using the classical gradient descent algorithm. This global result is obtained through an original geometric framework relying on a key invariance property induced by the network structure and providing, as a fundamental side result, a clearer picture of the loss landscape. We further argue that the presented framework is sufﬁciently powerful to envision extensions to nonlinear deep networks
Assessment of insulin sensitivity and secretion in patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes

Background: Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) is a secondary form of diabetes seen in patients with tropical chronic pancreatitis. Insulin deficiency plays a major role in the etiopathogenesis of FCPD. Limited data suggest a possible role of insulin resistance (IR) in the pathogenesis of FCPD. Sparse data exist on measures of insulin sensitivity (IS) and secretion in patients with FCPD and its comparison to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients. Method: Eighty patients with FCPD, 36 patients with T2D and 36 healthy subjects were included. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in the morning after an overnight fast. We evaluated IS and secretion using indices derived from fasting (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI] and homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function [HOMA-ß]) and OGTT (Matsuda, insulin sensitivity index by Kanauchi [ISI-K], oral glucose insulin sensitivity index [OGIS], Stumvoll, insulinogenic index and oral disposition index [ODI]) measurements of glucose and insulin. Results: HOMA-IR was significantly higher and QUICKI significantly lower in patients with FCPD and T2D than in healthy controls (P<0.001). Matsuda, ISI-K, OGIS and Stumvoll were significantly lower in patients with FCPD and T2D than in healthy controls (P<0.001), indicating reduced IS in both FCPD and T2D patients. HOMA-ß, insulinogenic index and ODI were significantly lower in patients with FCPD and T2D compared to healthy controls (P<0.001). Conclusion: FCPD is associated with reduced IS as assessed by fasting and OGTT-based indices. FCPD is also associated with a greater degree of impairment in insulin secretion than in T2D. IR may play a role in the pathogenesis of FCPD.
Hopf dances near the tips of Busse balloons

In this paper we introduce a novel generic destabilization mechanism for (reversible) spatially periodic patterns in reaction-diffusion equations in one spatial dimension. This Hopf dance mechanism occurs for long wavelength patterns near the homoclinic tip of the associated Busse balloon ($=$ the region in (wave number, parameter space) for which stable periodic patterns exist). It shows that the boundary of the Busse balloon locally has a fine-structure of two intertwining 'dancing' (or 'snaking') Hopf destabilization curves (or manifolds) that limit on the Hopf bifurcation value of the associated homoclinic limit pulse and that have infinitely many, accumulating, intersections. The Hopf dance is first recovered by a detailed numerical analysis of the full Busse balloon in an explicit Gray-Scott model. The structure, and its generic nature, is confirmed by a rigorous analysis of singular long wave length patterns in a normal form model for pulse-type solutions in two component, singularly perturbed, reaction-diffusion equations.
The occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subsp . avium in the muscle tissue of pigs intended for consumption

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and quantity of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (M. a. avium) in lymph nodes and diaphragm pillars in samples taken from naturally infected pigs intended for consumption. A post-mortem analysis was performed on 40 pigs, and tuberculoid changes to the lymph nodes found in 17 of them. Samples of various lymph nodes and diaphragm pillars were taken from these pigs, while submandibular lymph nodes and diaphragm pillars were taken from pigs without tuberculoid lesions. A total of 107 samples were tested by quantitative real-time PCR. M. a. avium was detected in three samples of diaphragm pillars at a quantity of as much as 103 cells per gram of muscle tissue. Quantitative real-time PCR is a useful method for detecting and quantifying mycobacteria in foods. Mycobacteria, M. avium, pork meat, qPCR
THE EFFECTS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH E-COMMERCE SYSTEM

With the rapid growth of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia, this country is the biggest e-commerce market in the Arab world. This paper aims to examine the degree of customer satisfaction with e-commerce system in Saudi Arabia using modified American customer satisfaction index (ACSI) model. The model was tested using 149 sample data obtained from online survey. The findings indicate that customer satisfaction with e-commerce system was affected by customer expectation, e-commerce service quality and perceived value. In addition, perceived value was affected by customer expectation and e-commerce service quality, while e-commerce service quality was affected by customer expectation. The findings suggest that e-commerce service quality is main key element affecting customer satisfaction with e-commerce system which is accordance with Saudi Arabian online customers who have more concerns on e-commerce service, particularly related to security and payment method.
Automating Large-Scale Data Quality Verification

Modern companies and institutions rely on data to guide every single business process and decision. Missing or incorrect information seriously compromises any decision process downstream. Therefore, a crucial, but tedious task for everyone involved in data processing is to verify the quality of their data. We present a system for automating the verification of data quality at scale, which meets the requirements of production use cases. Our system provides a declarative API, which combines common quality constraints with user-defined validation code, and thereby enables 'unit tests' for data. We efficiently execute the resulting constraint validation workload by translating it to aggregation queries on Apache Spark. Our platform supports the incremental validation of data quality on growing datasets, and leverages machine learning, e.g., for enhancing constraint suggestions, for estimating the 'predictability' of a column, and for detecting anomalies in historic data quality time series. We discuss our design decisions, describe the resulting system architecture, and present an experimental evaluation on various datasets.
Deep Models for Arabic Dialect Identification on Benchmarked Data

The Arabic Online Commentary (AOC) (Zaidan and Callison-Burch, 2011) is a large-scale repos-itory of Arabic dialects with manual labels for4varieties of the language. Existing dialect iden-tification models exploiting the dataset pre-date the recent boost deep learning brought to NLPand hence the data are not benchmarked for use with deep learning, nor is it clear how much neural networks can help tease the categories in the data apart. We treat these two limitations:We (1) benchmark the data, and (2) empirically test6different deep learning methods on thetask, comparing peformance to several classical machine learning models under different condi-tions (i.e., both binary and multi-way classification). Our experimental results show that variantsof (attention-based) bidirectional recurrent neural networks achieve best accuracy (acc) on thetask, significantly outperforming all competitive baselines. On blind test data, our models reach87.65%acc on the binary task (MSA vs. dialects),87.4%acc on the 3-way dialect task (Egyptianvs. Gulf vs. Levantine), and82.45%acc on the 4-way variants task (MSA vs. Egyptian vs. Gulfvs. Levantine). We release our benchmark for future work on the dataset
Responses of a wetland ecosystem to the controlled introduction of invasive fish

Summary The ecological consequences of species invasions can vary in time and space, complicating efforts to generalise invader impacts across ecosystems. This challenge is particularly relevant when using small-scale experiments to derive predictions for freshwater ecosystems. In this study, our aims were to document the effects of a controlled fish introduction within an ecosystem-scale experiment and to test possible factors driving variation in invasion outcomes. We measured community and ecosystem responses to the introduction of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis: Poeciliidae) using a ‘Before-After-Control-Impact’ design within a large, experimentally divided natural wetland in California, USA. We then used a replicated outdoor mesocosm experiment to address how two factors that vary widely in natural wetlands – habitat complexity and alternative prey availability – mediate the effects of mosquitofish on native wetland amphibians. In the natural wetland, mosquitofish increased in population size by ˜90-fold over the course of a single summer. Mosquitofish introduction was associated with a 50% decrease in macroinvertebrate density and a 90% decrease in zooplankton abundance relative to a fishless control treatment. We observed no effects of mosquitofish on the abundance or total biomass of two native pond-breeding amphibians – the Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla: Hylidae) and California newt (Taricha torosa: Salamandridae) – likely because more preferable alternative prey were abundant, vegetation provided refuges from predation, and the mosquitofish introduction occurred after amphibian larval stages were most susceptible to predation. Surprisingly, mosquitofish were also associated with a 50% decrease in both relative phytoplankton fluorescence and total phosphorus, and a sharp increase in N:P ratios in the water column, possibly due to the assimilation of fish biomass acting as a nutrient sink. In contrast to our ecosystem experiment, mosquitofish consumed native amphibians and reduced their growth rates in outdoor mesocosms. The strength of predation within the smaller scale venue, however, varied with the availability of alternative prey (i.e. zooplankton), and the complexity of the habitat (i.e. presence of aquatic macrophytes). Our mesocosm results support the hypothesis that alternative prey and habitat complexity facilitated coexistence between invasive mosquitofish and native amphibian larvae in our ecosystem experiment. Our findings highlight the potential for invasive fish to drive rapid shifts in freshwater ecosystems while also emphasising the roles of environmental characteristics in mediating whether native and non-native species will coexist.
Influence of ensiling time on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, gas production and protein fractions of sweet sorghum silage.

The effect of ensiling duration on fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, gas production parameters and protein fractions of sweet sorghum silage was studied. Triplicate samples of sweet sorghum were ensiled for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days in laboratory silos. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test linear, quadratic and cubic effects of ensiling time. The results of chemical analysis showed that, ensiling sweet sorghum increased dry matter (DM), soluble crude protein (SCP), ash and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations compared to fresh sweet sorghum (P<0.01), however, net energy for lactation (NEl) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) decreased (P<0.01) compared to fresh material. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and the amount of effluent increased significantly (P<0.01) with advancing ensiling period. The concentration of lactic acid was higher than other fermentation acids. DM and neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) concentrations decreased (P<0.01), while non-fibre carbohydrates increased linearly (P<0.01) with advancing ensiling process. The greatest amount of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) loss occurred within the first 30 day of ensiling (from 166 to 96.7 g/kg DM) and this trend continued quadratically (P<0.01) with advancing ensiling time. Silages had lower (P<0.001) CP concentration compared with fresh forages (54.90 versus 61.80 g/kg DM) while time of ensiling did not affect (P<0.05) the CP concentration. Net energy for lactation (NEl) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) estimated from gas production technique were lower (P<0.01) for silages compared to fresh material and they decreased linearly (P<0.05) by advancing ensiling time. The results showed that, increasing ensiling time from 30 to 120 days decreased DM, WSC, aNDF and OMD concentrations and NEL content of sweet sorghum.
Early signs of dyslexia from the speech and language processing of children

The Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia project (JLD) has followed the development of 200 children from birth until 10 years of age. Half the children are from families in which at least one of the parents has dyslexia, thus the child has a high risk of becoming dyslexic, and half have no such risk. Here the main findings of four studies in linguistics from the JLD project are reviewed. The speech processing skills were studied in 6, 18, 24 and 30-month-old children. The findings show that early signs of dyslexia can be detected in speech processing both phonologically and morphosyntactically. These precursors can be seen in perception or production of duration, in the prosody and phonotactics of word production attempts and word structures, as well as in the complexity of morphosyntactic features of expressions. This information can be useful in practice to provide early and appropriate assistance for those children who most likely will face difficulties in learning to read and write at school.
A Robust Increase of the Intraseasonal Periodic Behavior of the Precipitation and Eddy Kinetic Energy in a Warming Climate

Precipitation and storm track activity in the Southern Hemisphere feature a remarkable 20 to 30‐day periodicity known as baroclinic annular mode. In climate model projections following the representative concentration pathway 8.5 scenario, this work finds a robust increase of intraseasonal variability of the precipitation and density‐weighted eddy kinetic energy at the 20–30 day frequency range by 25% and 20%, respectively, in austral summer toward the end of the century, despite small changes in seasonal‐mean quantities at corresponding latitudes. These results suggest that a warming climate can feature a stronger dynamical organization of the 20–30 day periodicity by the moist baroclinic waves. For austral winter, the weak 20–30 day periodicity in the current climate becomes a prominent mode of quasiperiodic variability toward the end of the century in these model projections. This work identifies both the increase of diabatic heating and the enhancements of the waveguide effects as candidate mechanisms.
ncology xternal Validation of University of alifornia , San Francisco , Cancer of the rostate Risk Assessment

BJECTIVES In 2005, the University of California, San Francisco, proposed the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (UCSF-CAPRA) score to predict the risk of biochemical recurrence (BR) after radical prostatectomy. This study provides external validation and a modified version of the model using a large cohort of men treated with radical prostatectomy at a high-volume, tertiary referral center. ETHODS From 1984 to 2006, 6737 men underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution for clinical Stage T1c-T3a prostate cancer with available follow-up information and no neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy before BR. The BR-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by UCSF-CAPRA score using the log-rank statistic. Performance of the UCSFCAPRA was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Harrell’s concordance (c) index and compared with the Kattan nomogram. The UCSF-CAPRA score and final pathologic findings were assessed by odds ratios. ESULTS The 5-year BR-free survival rate was 83.1% overall and decreased from 94.4% for men with a UCSF-CAPRA score of 1 or less to 25.8% for those with a score of 7 or more (P 0.0001). The hazards ratio approximately doubled for each UCSF-CAPRA point until a score of 4, when the hazards ratio increased at a slower rate. The c-index of the UCSF-CAPRA and Kattan nomogram was 0.76 and 0.78, respectively. A greater UCSF-CAPRA score correlated with the final pathologic findings. ONCLUSIONS The UCSF-CAPRA performed well in this tertiary, referral-based cohort with a c-index similar to that of the Kattan nomogram. It remains an effective prognostic instrument for predicting the risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. UROLOGY 72: 396 – 400, 2008. © 2008 Elsevier Inc.
Tunable Spin-Dependent Properties of Zigzag Silicene Nanoribbons

Silicene zigzag nanoribbons are studied using ab initio simulation methods. We find novel structureproperty relations influenced by several factors, such as the magnitude of the width, spin polarization, spinorbit coupling, and extended topological defects. It is obtained that while defect-free silicene nanoribbons experience antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition as a function of the width, all defective nanoribbons are ferromagnets. At the same time, the spin-orbit coupling role is significant as it leads to spin-dependent energy gaps in the electronic structure. The origin of edged spin polarization is also studied in terms of the balance between the exchange correlation and kinetic energy contributions. The uncovered unique spindependent properties may be useful for the application of silicene nanoribbons in spintronic applications.