Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regularity of the singular set in a two-phase problem for harmonic measure with Hölder data

In non-variational two-phase free boundary problems for harmonic measure, we examine how the relationship between the interior and exterior harmonic measures of a domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ influences the geometry of its boundary. This type of free boundary problem was initially studied by Kenig and Toro in 2006 and was further examined in a series of separate and joint investigations by several authors. The focus of the present paper is on the singular set in the free boundary, where the boundary looks infinitesimally like zero sets of homogeneous harmonic polynomials of degree at least 2. We prove that if the Radon-Nikodym derivative of the exterior harmonic measure with respect to the interior harmonic measure has a Holder continuous logarithm, then the free boundary admits unique geometric blowups at every singular point and the singular set can be covered by countably many $C^{1,\beta}$ submanifolds of dimension at most $n-3$. This result is partly obtained by adapting tools such as Garofalo and Petrosyan's Weiss type monotonicity formula and an epiperimetric inequality for harmonic functions from the variational to the non-variational setting.
In Silico Retrieving of Opium Poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.) Microsatellites

Abstract Repetitive tandem sequences were retrieved within nucleotide sequences of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) genomic DNA available in the GenBank® database. Altogether 538 different microsatellites with the desired length characteristics of tandem repeats have been identified within 450 sequences of opium poppy DNA available in the database. The most frequented were mononucleotide repeats (246); nevertheless, 44 dinucleotide, 148 trinucleotide, 62 tetranucleotide, 28 pentanucleotide and 5 hexanucleotide tandem repeats have also been found. The most abundant were trinucleotide motifs (27.50%), and the most abundant motifs within each group of tandem repeats were TA/AT, TTC/GAA, GGTT/AACC and TTTTA/ TAAAA. Five hexanucleotide repeats contained four different motifs.
Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) for bankruptcy prediction

This paper uses Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) for the prediction of the 2008 USA banking crisis. PLS regression transforms a set of correlated explanatory variables into a new set of uncorrelated variables, which is appropriate in the presence of multicollinearity. PLS-DA performs a PLS regression with a dichotomous dependent variable. The performance of this technique is compared to the performance of 8 algorithms widely used in bankruptcy prediction. In terms of accuracy, precision, F-score, Type I error and Type II error, results are similar; no algorithm outperforms the others. Behind performance, each algorithm assigns a score to each bank and classifies it as solvent or failed. These results have been analyzed by means of contingency tables, correlations, cluster analysis and reduction dimensionality techniques. PLS-DA results are very close to those obtained by Linear Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machine.
Lithospheric anisotropy beneath the Pyrenees from shear wave splitting

We investigate upper mantle anisotropy beneath the Pyrenean range along three N-S profiles across the mountain belt. The results of a first profile that operated in 1993 in the central part of the belt have been presented elsewhere. We present the results of two other profiles that ran in 1995-1996 and 1996-1997 in the eastern and western part of the belt, respectively and propose an interpretation of the whole results. Teleseismic shear waves (SKS, SKKS, and PKS) are used to determine splitting parameters: the fast polarization direction φ and the delay time δt. Teleseismic shear wave splitting in the eastern Pyrenees displays homogeneous φ values trending N100°E and δt values in the range 1.1 to 1.5 s. A station located in the southern Massif Central, 100 km north of the range, is characterized by different splitting parameters (φ = N70°E, δt = 0.7 s). In the western part of the belt, anisotropy parameters are similar across the whole belt (φ = N110°E and δt = 1.3 to 1.5 s). Most of the measured delay times, including those obtained in the central part of the range, are above the global average of the SKS splitting (around 1 s). At the belt scale, φ is generally poorly correlated with recent estimations of the absolute plate motion, which predicts a fast direction ranging between N50°E and N80°E. Instead, the orientation of φ (N100°E) is parallel to the trend of the Pyrenean belt but also to Hercynian preexisting structures. This parallelism supports an anisotropy primarily related to frozen or active lithospheric structures. We show that a signature related to the Pyrenean orogeny is likely for the stations located in the internal domains of the belt. By contrast, the anisotropy measured at the stations located on the external parts of the belt could reflect a pre-Pyrenean (Hercynian) deformation. We suggest that a late Hercynian strike-slip deformation is responsible for this frozen upper mantle anisotropy and that the Pyrenean tectonic fabric developped parallel to this preexisting fabric. Finally, no particularly strong splitting is related to the North Pyrenean Fault, commonly believed to represent the plate boundary between Iberia and Eurasia.
Towards a French lexicon with difficulty measures: NLP helping to bridge the gap between traditional dictionaries and specialized lexicons.

The readability of a text depends on a number of linguistic factors, among which its lexical complexity. In this paper, we specifically explore this issue: our aim is to characterize the criteria that make a word easy to understand independently of the context in which it appears. Yet such a concern must be addressed in the context of particular groups of individuals. In our case, we have focused on language production from patients with language disorders. The results obtained from corpus analysis enable us to define a number of variables which are compared to information from existing resources. Such measures are used in a classification model to predict the degree of difficulty of words and to build a lexical resource, called ReSyf, in which the words and their synonyms are classified according to three levels of complexity.
ASSESSMENT BETWEEN ORAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE , ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE WITH DENTAL CARIES AMONG 6-YEARS-OLD PRIVATE PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

In many developed countries, oral health has improved in older children in recent decade, but remains a significant problem in younger children. Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) elements play an important role in promotion of oral health. The aim of this study was to analyze the oral health KAP in 6-year-old children in private pre-school and its relationship with caries presentation in their oral cavity. In this cross-sectional study on 35 children aged 6-year-old from private pre-school, KAP of the subjects were assessed using modified adapted questionnaire and caries detection through dental check-up. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared test in SPSS version 21.0. Statistical significance was set at P< 0.05. Results of this study showed that the scores of children in knowledge, attitude and practice were 94.7 ± 5.7%, 71.4 ± 28.6% and 42.9 ± 57.1%, respectively. These children seem to have good oral health knowledge and attitude but not in term of practice. Among these children, the percentages of children presented with caries were 74.0 ± 26.0%. Practice showed to have significant relationship with caries experience among the children (P = 0.04) but not for knowledge and attitude. In conclusion, this study showed that 6-year-old children in private pre-school have good knowledge and attitude regarding oral health but oral health practice showed significant relationship with caries experience was not satisfactory. Furthermore, parent’s knowledge on children’s oral health should not be taken for granted as its play a big role on the educating and foster children’s good oral health practice. In addition, other external factors also should be considered instead of relying on KAP elements only in 6-year-old children.
Nitrogen Management for Maize in Humid Regions : Case for a Dynamic Modeling Approach

This paper discusses the current approaches to estimating optimum N fertilizer rates for maize (Zea mays L.), and the main underlying cause for low precision in fertilizer recommendations and low N use efficiency in humid regions. Current approaches to estimation of N fertilizer rates are based on mass balances, average expected economic return based on field experiments, soil N tests, and crop leaf or canopy sensing. A 7-year study on the interacting effects of management practices and landscape position on seasonal soil mineral N and plant N dynamics showed high annual variability in plant available N. Yearly effects could mostly be explained by the interacting factors of earlyseason rainfall and soil organic matter content. A 5-year study on maize N response for different soil types and drainage classes showed that annual differences in late-spring rainfall were the greatest source of variability in optimum N rate, while wet years also experience greater spatial variability. Optimum N rate for maize is affected by the complex interactions of spring precipitation and temperature patterns, soil organic matter, and crop development. Highest precision in N management for maize may be achieved through in-season N applications that are based on information on early-season N dynamics. This can be accomplished through the use of models that dynamically simulate soil and crop processes, and possibly the use of crop optical sensors. We discuss the application of a dynamic simulation model to improve the prediction of optimum N fertilizer rates in a companion paper (Melkonian et al., this issue).
The Reviewof Economicsand Statistics

This paper bridges the gap between processes where shocks are permanent and those with transitory shocks by formulating a process in which the long-run impact of each innovation is time-varying and stochastic. In the stochastic permanent breaks (STOPBREAK) process, frequent transitory shocks are supplemented by occasional permanent shifts. Consistency and asymptotic normality of quasi-maximumlikelihood estimates is established, and locally best hypothesis tests of the null of a random walk are developed. The model is applied to relative prices of pairs of stocks and significant test statistics result.
Phenolic acids and ruminal parameters of different varieties of sugarcane in natura or ensiled

This study aimed to determine and measure the phenolic acids in four varieties of sugarcane (RB 855536, RB 765418, SP 80-1842 and SP 80-1816) as fresh and ensiled, and assess the influence of these acids on in situ degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design. For the fraction of dry matter (DM), varieties RB 855536 and SP 80-1842 had average 17.80% higher compared to others. The SP80-1842 and RB 855536 varieties did not differ (p > 0.05), with an average of DM effective degradability of 33.70%. For silage, the highest levels of p -coumaric acid were found in the variety RB 855536, which was 24.64% higher than the varieties RB 765418 and SP 80-1842 (average 12.75%) and 52.60% of the variety SP 80-1816 (average 8.02%), since for the in natura form, varieties did not differ between each other (p > 0.05), and had an average of 8.86%. Silage variety SP 80-1816 has ferulic acid content 40.82% higher than the other varieties, with an average of 4.63%. The examination of the concentrations of phenolic acids p -coumaric and ferulic are not sufficient to justify the effect of microbial action on the varieties studied in different forms of processing.
A Method for Human-Interpretable Paraphrasticality Prediction

The detection of reused text is important in a wide range of disciplines. However, even as research in the field of plagiarism detection is constantly improving, heavily modified or paraphrased text is still challenging for current methodologies. For historical texts, these problems are even more severe, since text sources were often subject to stronger and more frequent modifications. Despite the need for tools to automate text criticism, e.g., tracing modifications in historical text, algorithmic support is still limited. While current techniques can tell if and how frequently a text has been modified, very little work has been done on determining the degree and kind of paraphrastic modification—despite such information being of substantial interest to scholars. We present a human-interpretable, feature-based method to measure paraphrastic modification. Evaluating our technique on three data sets, we find that our approach performs competitive to text similarity scores borrowed from machine translation evaluation, being much harder to interpret.
Tonogenesis in Seoul Korean and L3 Production of Korean stops by Cantonese- English Bilinguals

This paper aims to investigate how tonogenesis in Seoul Korean affects non-native language acquisition in a multilingual context with L1 Cantonese, L2 English and L3 Korean. We are also interested to examine the source and direction of crosslinguistic influences in the acquisition of VOT and F0 patterns which are used for the stop contrasts. Sixteen L3 Korean learners differing in proficiencies (beginning vs. intermediate) were recorded reading a list of words embedded in carrier sentences in the three languages. Results from acoustic analyses found that the learners did not merge VOTs for the Korean lax and aspirated stop contrast, but they showed the tendency for tonogenesis, such as their heavy use of f0 in producing different Korean stops. Furthermore, comparison between the beginners and the intermediate learners revealed various cross-linguistic influences: regressive transfer of f0 on L1 and L2, bidirectional interaction of f0 values between L2 and L3, and L1 influence on the production of VOT in L2 and L3. These findings suggest that L3 transfer happens in a cue-by-cue manner, i.e. VOT and f0 need to be accounted for separately.
Genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variation in body shape among populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

A common-garden experiment was conducted on larvae to test for genetic differences in body shape among populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Offspring from four north-west Atlantic regions were reared from hatching to postmetamorphosis at two temperatures (7 ± 1 °C and 11 ± 1 °C) and two food levels (1500 and 4500 prey L−1). Body shape differed between populations and treatments. Population differences were greatest between south-west Scotian Shelf cod and those further north; the former were characterized by a deeper body, larger head, and longer caudal peduncle than cod from the other populations. Significant differences were also observed between two putative populations on the south-west Scotian Shelf, suggesting genetic divergence between spawning aggregations at small spatial scales ( 1000 km) and small (< 100 km) spatial scales. The genetic differences at large spatial scales counteracted the expected effects of temperature differences in the wild, suggesting countergradient variation in morphology among these populations. © 2006 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Journal compilation © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 88, 351–365.
Does homologous reinfection drive multiple-wave influenza outbreaks? Accounting for immunodynamics in epidemiological models

Epidemiological models of influenza transmission usually assume that recovered individuals instantly develop a fully protective immunity against the infecting strain. However, recent studies have highlighted host heterogeneity in the development of this immune response, characterized by delay and even absence of protection, that could lead to homologous reinfection (HR). Here, we investigate how these immunological mechanisms at the individual level shape the epidemiological dynamics at the population level. In particular, because HR was observed during the successive waves of past pandemics, we assess its role in driving multiple-wave influenza outbreaks. We develop a novel mechanistic model accounting for host heterogeneity in the immune response. Immunological parameters are inferred by fitting our dynamical model to a two-wave influenza epidemic that occurred on the remote island of Tristan da Cunha (TdC) in 1971, and during which HR occurred in 92 of 284 islanders. We then explore the dynamics predicted by our model for various population settings. We find that our model can explain HR over both short (e.g. week) and long (e.g. month) time-scales, as reported during past pandemics. In particular, our results reveal that the HR wave on TdC was a natural consequence of the exceptional contact configuration and high susceptibility of this small and isolated community. By contrast, in larger, less mixed and partially protected populations, HR alone cannot generate multiple-wave outbreaks. However, in the latter case, we find that a significant proportion of infected hosts would remain unprotected at the end of the pandemic season and should therefore benefit from vaccination. Crucially, we show that failing to account for these unprotected individuals can lead to large underestimation of the magnitude of the first postpandemic season. These results are relevant in the context of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza post-pandemic
Cranial ultrasound in detection of neurological lesions in preterm neonates in a tertiary center in North Kerala, India

Background: Incomplete formation and maturation of the central nervous system makes it extremely vulnerable to injury, in the case of premature neonates. This can result in a broad range of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cranial ultrasound is a sensitive tool for the early detection of these. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of neurosonological abnormality in preterm infants. The aims of the study were to identify and enumerate the neurosonographic features, to assess the severity of brain injuries by grading the neurosonographic findings and to correlate the clinical presentations with the neurosonographic findings. Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis, Pariyaram Medical College. It consisted of all preterm neonates (less than 37 weeks of gestational age) referred to the Radiology department. The initial scan will be done as soon as possible (within 2 weeks of birth) followed by a repeat scan of the same infants at 36 weeks of corrected age, and at 8weeks post-partum. Results: A total of 100 neonates with gestational age varying from 29 to 37 weeks were studied, with the birth weight varying from 1.5 to 1.9 kg. The most common abnormality found on neurosonogram was germinal-matrix haemorrhage, followed by periventricular leukomalacia. Conclusions: Real time sonography is a sensitive non-invasive initial investigation for the detection of various brain lesions in the preterm neonates.
Global Observations of Quasi-Zonal Bands in Microwave Sea Surface Temperature

Global observations of quasi-zonal jet-like structures have recently been reported in estimates of upper ocean circulation. To date, these observations have come primarily from float-derived and altimeter-derived estimates of zonal velocity. Here, we explore the existence of similar structures in the ocean using satellite-derived estimates of sea surface temperature (SST) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Applying an ocean front detection algorithm globally to microwave measurements of SST, we find that repeated ocean fronts occur along quasi-zonal bands in a multiyear (2002–2011) average of detections. Such a pattern is also observed in SST gradient magnitude. Composite analyses of SST, sea surface height (SSH), and upper ocean temperatures from Argo profiling floats suggest repeated fronts in the subtropics occur as a result of neighboring anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies. Horizontal advection in the presence of a background temperature gradient likely plays a role as evidenced by the tilt of temperature anomalies with depth. High gradient events found within the bands are observed to propagate westward with speed comparable to mesoscale eddies and we estimate these events explain 20% of the observed variance in SST gradient magnitude (2002–2011). In a final analysis, we regress the decay of the bands with averaging period and observe mild-to-strong persistence throughout much of the World Ocean. These findings support the view that propagating eddies help give rise to the bands. Whether or not eddies follow preferred paths remain unanswered.
Insights into Personal ICT Use: Understanding continuance and Discontinuance of Wearable Self-tracking Devices

Wearable self-tracking devices become increasingly common in our society and reflect the trend towards the digitized individual. However, little is known what drives the continuance and discontinuance usage of such devices. To empirically analyze factors leading to continuance and discontinuance of wearable self-tracking device usage, we develop a conceptual model based on established postadoption concepts and the dual-factor theory. We validate it by applying structural equation modeling on collected survey data among 357 self-tracking users. Whereas previous research focuses on predicting continuance intentions, our results reveal discontinuance to be another decisive determinant of usage behavior. Additionally, we provide insights into factors driving continuance and discontinuance intentions and derive practical implications for producers. Our results advance the theoretical discourse on IS post-adoption behavior in a personal ICT context.
Pattern of Neck Findings in Suicidal Hanging A Study in Manipur

Deaths due to hanging are common among suicides. In a study on 84 cases of suicidal hanging brought for autopsy to the mortuary of the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal during 2004 to 2008, it was observed that 77.38% of the cases were males and 22.62% were females. The highest number of victims was in the age range of 21–40 years. 73.81% of the cases committed suicide indoors and 57.14% of them used ropes as ligature material. 85.75% of the victims had fixed knots with a single turn and 10.71% had slip knots. Complete atypical hanging constituted 88.10% of the cases. 23.81% of the cases had tear of the carotid artery and 3.57% had hyoid fractures. None of the cases had cricoid or trachea fractures. The neck findings vary depending upon the composition, multiplicity and tightness of the ligature material used, the suspension time, type of hanging, etc. Hence, the possible findings in a suspected case of hanging must be always anticipated so as to avoid any erroneous opinion.