Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations of net requirements for cattle growth with liveweight, liveweight gain, breed and sex.

The main sources of variation in body and body gain composition of cattle - body weight, breed, sex, growth rate - are analysed in relation with the net requirements for growth. There is a close relationship between proteins and fat free mass. Therefore, the variations in lipids will be emphasised. - Variations with body weight : the lipid content of empty body weight gain rises very rapidly from 16 to 42 per cent with increasing empty body weight from 200 to 500 kg in early maturing bulls, fed almost ad libitum. Simultaneously the protein content of gain decreases from 19 to 14 per cent. - Variations with breed : at the same empty body weight, say 350 kg, the lipid content of empty body weight gain varies between breeds, from 15 per cent in late maturing breed bulls to 28 per cent in early maturing breed bulls. - Variations with sex and castration : the percentage of lipids in the empty body weight gain of steers and heifers is 1.5 times as high as in bulls. - Variations with growth rate : when the level of energy intake is increased, the daily lipid increases nearly twice as fast as the growth rate. All these sources of variation are carefully analysed on the basis of a large number of data. This analysis leads to a model for evaluation of net requirements for cattle growth.
Effects of forest-fuel harvesting on the diversity of dead wood and epixylic macrolichens in clear-cuts

Forest-fuel harvesting (FFH) is a growing industry in countries of intensive forest management. FFH is the collection of logging residues for energy production interconnected with thinning and clear-cutting, and it reduces especially the amount of fine woody debris (FWD) and stumps on clear-cuts. With dead wood already being a scarce resource in managed forests, the practice may cause further species loss among dead wood dependent, saproxylic species. This is why it is important to study the effects of FFH on biodiversity. Some of the most important theories for species richness are the theories of species-area relationship (SAR) and the theory of habitat heterogeneity. According to the SAR, when the available area decreases, the number of species it can support decreases as well. The theory can be applied to species that use dead wood primarily as a substrate, such as epixylic lichens. According to the theory of habitat heterogeneity, when the heterogeneity of the habitat decreases, the same often happens considering the species richness. In this study, the effects of FFH on the diversity of dead wood and epixylic lichens (that grow on dead wood) were studied on 12 spruce (Picea abies) dominated sites. The sites were located in Central Finland and Northern Savonia and had been clear-cut about 8 years earlier. FFH had been conducted on 7 sites, and 5 sites without FFH were controls. Different dead wood characteristics were measured and all epixylic macrolichen species surveyed on 3 sampling plots on each site. Even though the overall volume and surface area of dead wood did not significantly differ between treatments, FFH seemed to reduce the amount of stumps and logs. However, FFH additionally increased the aboveground amount of dead wood by lifting uprooted stumps and roots on the surface. There were less lichen species growing on the branches of FFH than of control sites, and the species richness on stumps tended to be lower on FFH than on control sites. However, no effect on the overall species diversity was found. It may be that the availability of other substrates can compensate the loss of branches and stumps for the common macrolichens that were found in the study. A positive SAR was found between coarse woody debris (CWD) and lichen richness, whereas lichen richness did not correlate with the diversity of dead wood. Therefore, the hypothesis of dead wood diversity affecting lichen species richness was not supported. CWD consisted of logs and uprooted stumps in the present study, which indicates that uprooted stumps might be a valuable substrate for lichens along with logs. Although, in the light of the present study, the effects of FFH on the diversity of lichens do not seem severe, FFH does decrease the amount of dead wood, and thus the effects on other saproxylic species need to be studied as well.
Policies to Stimulate Regional Innovation Capabilities Via University-Industry Collaboration: An Analysis and an Assessment

In this paper, we demonstrate how regional economic policies to stimulate entrepreneurship and innovation, can lead to successes. More specifically, through a detailed theoretical and empirical analysis, we discuss the critical ingredients that can lead to regional innovation and economic success. These critical ingredients consist of a balanced mix based on the presence of research institutes, a texture of endogenous knowledge-intensive start-ups coupled to larger R&D-intensive incumbents, all of them embedded in a professional environment that supports business advice and services. We illustrate the effects of this mix using empirical material from various innovative regions around the world.
A study of histological types of leprosy along with clinico-histopathological correlation in a Tertiary Centre from North Maharashtra region.

Background - To achieve WHO new global strategy of 2016-, To decrease the case load of leprosy, early and proper classification of leprosy for proper treatment and avoiding disability due to leprosy. Aim - Aim of this study was to find out the incidence of various histological types of leprosy in North Maharashtra. To find out which is the common type and to know the importance of histopathological examination in diagnosis of leprosy and its correlation clinically. Methods - A retrospective study of five years from Jan 2011 to Dec 2015 was conducted in the department of Pathology Government Medical College Dhule. Clinical diagnosis was correlated with histopathological report. Results -Sixty seven clinically diagnosed cases were included in the study. From sixty seven cases two cases on histopathological and on AFB (Fite Ferraco) stain were negative for leprosy. The Male to Female ratio was 0.8:1, maximum cases belonged to age group 21-30 years, and clinically hypo-pigmented hypo aesthetic macules were commonly seen. Clinically as well as histopathological Borderline Tuberculoid leprosy was common, it also showed maximum parity. A case of Histoid leprosy was too diagnosed on HPE which clinically was diagnosed as lepromatous leprosy. Erythema nodosum leprosum two cases were diagnosed clinically as well as histopathological in this period. Fite Farraco stain was positive in all cases of borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. Conclusion - A combination of clinical diagnosis, histopathological examination along with AFB stain is essential for proper treatment of the patient and for achieving leprosy free world. DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1203
Resistance Management and Sustainable Use of Agricultural Biotechnology

Crop biotechnologies deployed worldwide primarily possess traits for herbicide resistance, insect resistance, or both. While the economic and environmental benefits of these traits can be significant, they are threatened by evolution of insect and weed resistance. Failure to develop successful resistance management strategies will, not only deprive current adopters of the benefits of crop biotechnology, it will also have a powerful negative demonstration effect on regions contemplating biotechnology approval. This paper reviews the features and performance of resistance management strategies for insect-resistant (IR) and herbicide-resistant (HR) transgenic crops. Key factors determining success are technology attributes and institutional capacity. Trangenic IR and HR crops will be more sustainably deployed if they are embedded in integrated pest management (IPM) and integrated weed management (IWM) with strong, outward extension linkages to farmers and backward linkages to research institutions. Public and private plant breeding can play a critical role in developing stacked traits that reduce overreliance on single chemical compounds. While extension plays an obvious role in disseminating information, it can also serve two other important functions. First, it can facilitate farmer collective action for area-wide resistance management. Second, it can provide government agencies with information needed to increase the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of resistance management regulations. The paper concludes by discussing current capacity constraints and future institutional capacity needs of developing countries for successful IPM and IWM.
Remarks on a Künneth formula for foliated de rham cohomology

The validity of the Kunneth formula for foliated cohomology, that is, for the tangential de Rham cohomology of a foliated manifold, is investigated. The main difficulty encountered is the non-Hausdorff nature of the foliated cohomology spaces, forbidding the completion of the tensor product. We present versions of the Kunneth formula when both factors have Hausdorff foliated cohomology and when one factor has finite-dimensional foliated cohomology and a compact underlying manifold. We also give a counterexample to an alternative version of the Kunneth formula. The proof of the second result involves a right inverse for the foliated de Rham differential. © 2011 by Pacific Journal of Mathematics.
Party Organizations and Legislative Turnover : Signals of an Unstable Parliamentary Class ?

Parliamentary turnover is an important question in political science due to its connection to salient topics like elite circulation and parliamentary roles, legislature institutionalization, executive-legislative relations, and the quality of the policy-making process. In this article we contribute to the debate by focusing on the Italian case from a longitudinal perspective. The 2018 general election was conducive to a relatively high level of turnover. This level is roughly equivalent to two previous electoral rounds. However, the empirical evidence shows that the conditions usually thought to account for another two exceptional elections seem not to apply to 2018. After introducing the literature on legislative turnover and arguing that this topic is worth tackling, we stress the usefulness of the Italian case for comparative research and we provide a picture of our case study, presenting the theoretical puzzle and research questions. Subsequently we tackle this issue, claiming that the usual explanations fit only partially with our case. In particular, we argue that neglected intra-party factors can be a viable explanatory alternative. The article ends with a brief discussion of the findings.
Factors Influencing the Hooking Mortality of Walleyes Caught by Recreational Anglers on Mille Lacs, Minnesota

Abstract Recent implementation of size-based regulations in recreational fisheries for walleye Sander vitreus have led to more released walleyes and presumably to more losses of released fish. We conducted this study to estimate hooking mortality in Mille Lacs, Minnesota, and to determine factors that influence the survival of released walleyes. Volunteers and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources employees sampled walleyes with common angling methods in 2003 and 2004 on Mille Lacs (n = 1,246). Simple hooking mortality rates ranged from 0% (95% confidence interval = 0–1.8%; n = 204) in May, when lake water temperatures were less than 20°C, to 12.2% (9.2–15.9%; n = 392) in the July–August period, when lake water temperatures were at least 20°C. We used logistic regression within generalized linear or additive models to determine influential variables. Hooking mortality was most associated with water temperature, bleeding, fish length, hook location, and fish floating upon release. Mortality increased a.
Isolation and Infectious Temperature Optimization of Genetically Similar VHSV Isolates in Farmed Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from farmed olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The viral N-gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR, cloned, and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis to identify the genotype (I-IV). Virus isolates were cultured on Epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line and, after completion of the cytopathic effects, the supernatant was collected and used to challenge virus-free flounder. The infected founder were reared in 16°C, 21°C, or 25°C, and compared to an unchallenged control. Virus titration was measured in the head kidneys, spleens, livers, brains, muscles, and gills of challenged fish using real-time quantification of the VHSV G-gene. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the isolates were VHSV Genogroup IV. The VHSV-challenged fish in the 16°C group showed 100% mortality with significantly increased expression of viral G-gene mRNA in the spleen, compared to fish reared in other temperatures and the control fish, suggesting that fish reared in 16°C are more susceptible to VHSV infection. The IJA appears exclusively as a peer-reviewed on-line open-access journal at http://www.siamb. org.il. To read papers free of charge, please register online at registration form. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden.
Magnetic field structure of large-scale plasmoid generated by the fast reconnection mechanism in a sheared current sheet

Abstract. On the basis of the spontaneous fast reconnection model, three-dimensional magnetic field profiles associated with a large-scale plasmoid propagating along the antiparallel magnetic fields are studied in the general sheared current sheet system. The plasmoid is generated ahead of the fast reconnection jet as a result of distinct compression of the magnetized plasma. Inside the plasmoid, the sheared (east-west) field component has the peak value at the plasmoid center located at x=XC, where the north-south field component changes its sign. The plasmoid center corresponds to the so-called contact discontinuity that bounds the reconnected field lines in x XC. Hence, contray to the conventional prediction, the reconnected sheared field lines in x XC. It is demonstrated that the resulting profiles of magnetic field components inside the plasmoid are, in principle, consistent with satellite observations. In the ambient magnetic field region outside the plasmoid too, the magnetic field profiles are in good agreement with the well-known observations of traveling compression regions (TCRs).
Net and gross oxygen production from O 2 / Ar , 17 O / 16 O and 18 O / 16 O ratios

In aquatic systems, variations in the O2/Ar ratio and in the 17O anomaly (17Δ, calculated from 17O/16O and 18O/16O) are affected by both physical and biological processes. Laboratory observations suggest that 17Δ is independent of respiration rate, in contrast to the O2/Ar ratio. This makes it possible to determine gross O2 production from measurements of 17O/16O and 18O/16O of dissolved O2, while the O2/Ar ratio can be applied to estimate net O2 production. We demonstrate how biological and physical forcing modifies the O2/Ar ratio and 17Δ during the day and at night in a coral reef near Eilat. This field study confirmed our hypothesis that 17Δ of dissolved O2 (Δdis) is affected by photosynthesis, ocean dynamics and air–water gas exchange, but not by respiration. We also show, for the first time, a detailed record of 17Δ responses to biological fluxes and subtropical ocean dynamics on a seasonal scale. The measurements were conducted in the Atlantic Ocean near Bermuda during monthly cruises of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) from March 2000 to January 2001. With the formation of the seasonal thermocline, Δdis significantly increased below the oceanic mixed layer, reflecting the seasonal integration of photosynthesis in the thermocline. Hence, Δdis accumulation may be used to calculate the overall rate of photosynthesis below the mixed layer. We used the O2/Ar ratio and Δdis to estimate net and gross O2 production (NOP and GOP) and directly compared them with production values derived from 14C incubations. In general, GOP based on Δdis was several times greater than production determined via 14C fixation [P(14C)], which in turn was somewhat greater than NOP based on the O2/Ar ratio. The NOP/GOP ratio was 0.08 to 0.21. This implies that the observed high GOP/P(14C) ratios result mainly from rapid cycling of O2 between photosynthesis and O2 uptake mechanisms.
Exploring Medical Personnel's Discourses on the Sexual Health of Lesbian and Bisexual Women in Greater Lisbon, Portugal

This qualitative exploratory study analysed the discourses of medical personnel on lesbian and bisexual women's sexual health. We aimed at identifying the best practices to eradicate heteronormativity in this sector and enhance health care provision for this population. We interviewed 16 physicians in the metropolitan area of Lisbon using semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis identified a lack of professional knowledge in dealing with non-heterosexual patients, despite the consensual discourse on the necessity of non-discriminatory practices.
The Metabolic Effects of Conjugated Linoleic

In 1979, a research group from the University of WisconsinMadison detected a compound with anti-mutagenic activity in ground beef extract (Pariza and Hargraves, 1985); because of its structural similarity to linoleic acid, it was namedconjugated linoleic acid or CLA (Pariza et al. 1979; Ha et al. 1987). Later, it was found in many other food sources, especially in dairy products and in animals that have a ruminant-like, fermentative digestive process, alike wallabies and kangaroos (Chin et al. 1992; Joo et al. 2002). In the rumen, CLA is primarily synthesized by bacterial biohydrogenation of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) by a variety of bacterial species including Butryrivibriofibrosolvens (Kepler et al. 1966; Griinari et al. 2000). CLAs are derived mainly from the microbial activity of the rumen. Studies have found that cis-9, trans-11 CLA can also be endogenously synthesized via Δ9 desaturation of transvaccenic acid in the mammary glands of cows, and monogastrics such as mice and humans (Adolf et al. 2000; Santora et al. 2000; Turpeinen et al. 2002; Mosley et al. 2006). It wasbeen reported that the endogenous synthesis of CLA is the most important source of the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer in milk fat, representing up to 64-78% of the total CLA (Corl et al. 2001; Griinari and Bauman, 1999). Based on the high correlations between CLA and trans-vaccenic acid, it wassuggested that desaturation of vaccenic acid mightbethe main source of CLA in muscle lipids (Knight et al. 2003). In the liver of rats, delta 11-trans octadecenoicacidis enzymatically converted to the delta 9-cis, delta 11-trans octadecadienoic acid (Banni and Martin, 1998). It has been reported that the bacterial population of rodent intestine may also converted unsaturated fatty acids to CLA (Chin et al. 1994).
Chapter 1

1.1. 1 Volatile Memory Volatile memory loses its stored data as soon as the system is turned off, so it requires constant power to remain its information. Most types of random access memory (RAM) are this category. RAM can be subdivided into two main groups, static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). The difference between them is that the stored information of DRAM memory disappears from the memory within milliseconds, so it has to be refreshed periodically. This makes the operation speed of DRAM much slower than that of SRAM. The speed advantage of SRAM means that it is used in cache memory, which is a small amount of high speed SRAM mounted close to or on the processor itself.
Evaluation of a low‐cost temperature measurement system for environmental applications

Thermochron iButtons incorporate the latest in digital technology, making them smaller, less expensive, durable and potentially more reliable than many other temperature logging devices. The objective of this study was to test the accuracy of an inexpensive air temperature measurement system, composed of a Thermochron iButton and radiation shield. Sixty‐one iButtons were subjected to a sequence of two water baths (0 °C and 24·9 °C) to assess the absolute accuracy of the sensors. Five solar radiation shields were tested in a greenhouse setting to evaluate the reduction in radiative heating. Significant differences (p < 0·05) were detected between instruments subsequent to both water‐bath treatment analyses. The accuracy of the sensors was well within the manufacturer's stated specification of ±1·0 °C with a collective temperature variance of ±0·21 °C. Temperature responses generated by the Thermochron iButtons in different radiation shields were consistent, but varied significantly (p < 0·05) from 28 to 44 °C based on diurnal temperature ranges. Results indicate that the Thermochron iButton is an accurate, inexpensive alternative to more expensive temperature data‐logging systems, and is well suited for obtaining quality spatially distributed data for hydrologic and water quality investigations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Adolescent Reading Comprehension in a French Middle School: Performance and Beliefs about Knowledge

: In France, the growing percentage of students with reading problems calls for innovative teaching, particularly for students with serious learning difficulties. The present study was conducted on two classes with comparable reading levels: one standard sixth-grade class and one eighth-grade SEGPA class (those with learning difficulties). This study examined the effects of introducing a new teaching practice, didactique workstations, into the SEGPA class. The purpose of these workstations was to make the teaching content clearer and to promote formative assessment practices in order to improve adolescents’ reading comprehension and their relationship to knowledge. The results showed that introducing this innovative teaching practice had an effect on the class group: the grade differential was reduced in a way that benefitted lower-level students. In addition to classroom effects, the workstations also changed students’ relationship to knowledge. Thus, learning workstations offer great potential in working towards greater equity and inclusion.
An easterly tip jet off Cape Farewell, Greenland. I: Aircraft observations

An easterly tip jet event off Cape Farewell, Greenland, is described and analysed in considerable detail. In Part I of this study (this paper) comprehensive aircraft‐based observations are described, while in Part II of this study numerical simulations and a dynamical analysis are presented. The easterly tip jet of 21 February 2007 took place during the Greenland Flow Distortion experiment. It resulted through the interaction of a barotropic synoptic‐scale low pressure system in the central North Atlantic and the high topography of southern Greenland. In situ observations reveal a jet core at the coast with peak winds of almost 50 m s−1, about 600–800 m above the sea surface, and of 30 m s−1 at 10 m. The depth of the jet increased with wind speed from ∼1500 m to ∼2500 m as the peak winds increased from 30 to 50 m s−1. The jet accelerated and curved anticyclonically as it reached Cape Farewell and the end of the barrier. The easterly tip jet was associated with a tongue of cold and dry air along the coast of southeast Greenland, general cloud cover to the east, and cloud streets to the south of Cape Farewell. Precipitation was observed during the low‐level components of the flight. The very high wind speeds generated a highly turbulent atmospheric boundary layer and resulted in some of the highest surface wind stresses ever observed over the ocean. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society