Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coherency Matrix Decomposition-Based Polarimetric Persistent Scatterer Interferometry

The rationale of polarimetric optimization techniques is to enhance the phase quality of the interferograms by combining adequately the different polarization channels available to produce an improved one. Different approaches have been proposed for polarimetric persistent scatterer interferometry (PolPSI). They range from the simple and computationally efficient BEST, where, for each pixel, the polarimetric channel with the best response in terms of phase quality is selected, to those with high-computational burden like the equal scattering mechanism (ESM) and the suboptimum scattering mechanism (SOM). BEST is fast and simple, but it does not fully exploit the potentials of polarimetry. On the other side, ESM explores all the space of solutions and finds the optimal one but with a very high-computational burden. A new PolPSI algorithm, named coherency matrix decomposition-based PolPSI (CMD-PolPSI), is proposed to achieve a compromise between phase optimization and computational cost. Its core idea is utilizing the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) coherency matrix decomposition to determine the optimal polarization channel for each pixel. Three different PolSAR image sets of both full- (Barcelona) and dual-polarization (Murcia and Mexico City) are used to evaluate the performance of CMD-PolPSI. The results show that CMD-PolPSI presents better optimization results than the BEST method by using either $D_{\mathrm{ A}}$ or temporal mean coherence as phase quality metrics. Compared with the ESM algorithm, CMD-PolPSI is 255 times faster but its performance is not optimal. The influence of the number of available polarization channels and pixel’s resolutions on the CMD-PolPSI performance is also discussed.
Electron transport calculations in warm dense matter using scattering cross sections

The Ziman formulation of electrical conductivity is tested in warm and hot dense matter using the pseudo-atom molecular dynamics method. Several implementation options that have been widely used in the literature are systematically tested through a comparison to accurate but expensive Kohn-Sham density functional theory molecular dynamics (KS-DFT-MD) calculations. The comparison is made for several elements and mixtures and for a wide range of temperatures and densities, and reveals a preferred method that generally gives very good agreement with the KSDFT-MD results, but at a fraction of the computational cost.
INVESTIGATION FOR THE ENRICHMENT PATTERN OF THE ELEMENT ABUNDANCES IN r+s STAR HE 0338 − 3945: A SPECIAL r-II STAR?

The very metal-poor star HE 0338 − 3945 shows a double-enhanced pattern of the neutron-capture elements. The study of this sample could help people gain a better understanding of s- and r-process nucleosynthesis at low metallicity. Using a parametric model, we find that the abundance pattern of the neutron-capture elements could be best explained by a binary system formed in a molecular cloud that had been polluted by r-process material. The observed abundance pattern of C and N can be explained by an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) model. Combined with the parameters obtained from Cui & Zhang, we suggest that the initial mass of the AGB companion is most likely to be about 2.5 M☉, which excludes the possibility of forming a Type 1.5 supernova. By comparing with the observational abundance pattern of CS 22892 − 052, we find that the dominant production of O should accompany the production of the heavy r-process elements of r+s stars. Similar to r-II stars, the heavy r-process elements are not produced in conjunction with all the light elements from the Na to Fe group. The abundance pattern of the light and r-process elements for HE 0338 − 3945 is very close to the pattern of the r-II star CS 22892 − 052. Therefore, we suggest that HE 0338 − 3945 should be a special r-II star.
Approximation of Expectation of Diffusion Process and Mathematical Finance

Let (0, F, P) be a probability space and let {(B1 (t), . , Bd(t); t E [0, oo)} bead-dimensional Brownian motion. Let B 0 (t) = t, t E [0, oo). Let Vo, V1, . , Vd E Cb'(RN; RN). Here Cb'(RN; Rn) denotes the space of Rn-valued smooth functions defined in RN whose devivatives of any order are bounded. We regard elements in Cb'(RN; RN) as vector fields on R N. Now let X(t, x), t E [0, oo), x ERN, be the solution to the Stratonovich stochastic integral equation
Sturges' rule

Histograms are among the most important graphical objects in statistical practice, providing a consistent estimate of any continuous density function with very few assumptions. Restricting attention to bins of equal width, the histogram is sometimes presented as a frequency chart or normalized to be a true density. The construction of a histogram may be specified by either its bin width or by the number of bins. Sturges' rule gives a number‐of‐bins formula. The formula was the first rule given in the literature and is still widely implemented in software today. This article reviews the underlying rationale for the rule and indicates when it is most appropriate to use in practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A near-IR study of the host galaxies of 2 Jy radio sources at 0.03 ≲z≲ 0.5 – I. The data

We present the results of a program of K-and K(S)-band imaging of a sample of 2 Jy radio galaxies with redshifts 0.03 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.5, for which the host galaxy morphologies and structural parameters ( effective radius, Sersic index and unresolved nuclear point source contribution) have been determined using GALFIT. Two-thirds of our sample are best modelled as being hosted by massive elliptical galaxies with Sersic indices of n = 4-6, with the remainder being better suited either by a mixture of morphological components ( usually a bulge plus a small, less luminous, disc component) or by more discy galaxy models with n = 1-2. Our measured galaxy sizes are generally in very good agreement with other imaging programs, both space-and ground-based. We also determine a slightly higher average nuclear point source contribution than similar Hubble Space Telescope based programs. This is due to our inability to separate the active galactic nuclei emission from compact circum-nuclear stellar emission, but does not bias our modelling of the remainder of the host galaxies and our results remain robust. We also observe that roughly half of the objects in our sample are either undergoing major or minor merger activity or are clearly morphologically disturbed.
Age-Related Metric Invariance of the BIS/BAS

The goals of this study were to examine the suitability of Carver and White’s (1994) BIS/BAS for use in adults of different ages, by examining the construct validity of the BIS/BAS, and testing for age-related invariance of the BIS/BAS. In addition, this study predicted that older adults would score higher on subscales of the BIS/BAS related to pursuit of immediate positivity, based on Carstensen’s (2006) theory of Socioemotional Selectivity. This study recruited 314 adults under the age of 30, 320 adults of age between 30 and 60, and 341 adults over the age of 60. Participants completed Carver & White’s (1994) BIS/BAS, along with measures Carver and White originally used as comparisons to the BIS/BAS: the EPQ-BV, PANAS, and MAS. The study supported the construct validity of the BIS/BAS subscales in each age group. The study also identified metric invariance of the BIS/BAS subscales with respect to the age. This metric invariance, along with construct validity, suggests that the BIS/BAS is suitable for use in adults of all ages, if scores are not compared between adults of different ages. Younger adults tended to score highest on nearly all measures in the study, which did not match our predictions.
Magnetic Properties Of Rare Earth Metals

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Integration of a web-based rating system with an oral proficiency interview test: argument-based approach to validation

This dissertation focuses on the validation of the Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI), a component of the Oral English Certification Test for international teaching assistants. The rating of oral responses was implemented through an innovative computer technology—a web-based rating system called Rater-Platform (R-Plat). The main purpose of the dissertation was to investigate the validity of interpretations and uses of the OPI scores derived from raters’ assessment of examinees’ performance during the web-based rating process. Following the argument-based validation approach (Kane, 2006), an interpretive argument for the OPI was constructed. The interpretive argument specifies a series of inferences, warrants for each inference, as well as underlying assumptions and specific types of backing necessary to support the assumptions. Of seven inferences—domain description, evaluation, generalization, extrapolation, explanation, utilization, and impact—this study focuses on two. Specifically, it aims to obtain validity evidence for three assumptions underlying the evaluation inference and for three assumptions underlying the generalization inference. The research questions addressed: (1) raters’ perceptions towards R-Plat in terms of clarity, effectiveness, satisfaction, and comfort level; (2) quality of raters’ diagnostic descriptor markings; (3) quality of raters’ comments; (4) quality of OPI scores; (5) quality of individual raters’ OPI ratings; (6) prompt difficulty; and (7) raters’ rating practices. A mixed-methods design was employed to collect and analyze qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data consisted of: (a) 14 raters’ responses to open-ended questions about their perceptions towards R-Plat, (b) 5 recordings of individual/focus group interviews on eliciting raters’ perceptions, and (c) 1,900 evaluative units extracted
Deeply Learned Pose Invariant Image Analysis with Applications in 3D Face Recognition

Face recognition aims to establish the identity of a person based on facial characteristics and is a challenging problem due to complex nature of the facial manifold. A wide range of face recognition applications are based on classification techniques and a class label is assigned to the test image that belongs to the unknown class. In this paper, a pose invariant deeply learned multiview 3D face recognition approach is proposed and aims to address two problems: face alignment and face recognition through identification and verification setups. The proposed alignment algorithm is capable of handling frontal as well as profile face images. It employs a nose tip heuristic based pose learning approach to estimate acquisition pose of the face followed by coarse to fine nose tip alignment using L2 norm minimization. The whole face is then aligned through transformation using knowledge learned from nose tip alignment. Inspired by the intrinsic facial symmetry of the Left Half Face (LHF) and Right Half Face (RHF), Deeply learned (d) Multi-View Average Half Face (d-MVAHF) features are employed for face identification using deep convolutional neural network (dCNN). For face verification d-MVAHF-Support Vector Machine (d-MVAHF-SVM) approach is employed. The performance of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through extensive experiments performed on four databases: GavabDB, Bosphorus, UMB-DB, and FRGC v2.0. The results show that the proposed approach yields superior performance as compared to existing state-of-the-art methods.
Three-Dimensional Lightning Positioning in Low-Frequency Band Using Time Reversal in Frequency Domain

A low-frequency lightning location system was established and operated. The time-reversal approach in the frequency domain (TRFD) is applied to the system for three-dimensional (3-D) lightning source location finding. The TRFD method uses back propagation of the signals detected at each site and determines the source location automatically using the focusing point of the back-propagated waves. Three cases are reported to showcase the capability of the method. The first case is the 3-D localization of an intra-cloud flash over the network. Both TRFD and time-of-arrival (TOA) method provide LF lightning sources that are in consistent with very high frequency (VHF) sources. The lightning sources located by TRFD method reveal more details and are more continuous compared to those obtained by TOA method used in this paper. The second case concerns the localization of an artificially triggered lightning flash with a horizontal error of 30 m by TRFD. The third case is a multi-stroke cloud-to-ground flash that shows location differences between four return strokes (RSs) being less than 60 m. Furthermore, a special case was used to demonstrate the ability of the proposed method in locating RS grounding points by combining two successive RSs when the TOA is not available.
HYDRODYNAMIC AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE TWISTED TAPE INSERT PROVIDED IN HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES: A REVIEW

This work presents a review of the research recent results concerning the augmentation of hydrodynamic and thermal performance of various twisted tape inserts in heat exchanger tubes. The thermal and hydrodynamic correlations for various twisted tape elements have been summarized. A comparative study of thermal and hydrodynamic performance of numerous twisted elements has also been reported to understand the result of applications of twisted tape inserts in heat exchanger tubes. The literature review found that multiple twisted tapes heat exchanger tube shape enhanced hydrodynamic and thermal performance than other comparable twisted tape inserts heat exchanger tube shapes. The review of twisted tape inserts techniques existing in this paper will be helpful to the investigators working in this field.
Study on Sound Absorption of Road Acoustic Screens Under Simulated Weathering

The present paper is comparing the results of research studies carried out for three road acoustic screens of different design and different number of damping layers. For the tests, we selected timber or steel screens with a traditional multilayer structure and also one innovative type of simplified design. With respect to particular panels, their sound absorption properties were investigated in the reverberation chamber after they had been subjected to simulated weathering. In the process, two screens were subjected to the aging tests of 50–500 cycles in a special climatic chamber, and the innovative screens were subjected to 1000 cycles. The procedure was repeated every 50 or 100 cycles in order to obtain the changes of acoustic characteristics. The changes taking place in the absorbing material were also investigated with the use of scanning electron microscopy method (SEM). Basing on the obtained results and on the statistical analysis, the capability to maintain acoustic properties by the panels during their service life in natural conditions was estimated. For that purpose, linear statistical models were worked out, which were then applied to estimate the value of the single number sound absorption coefficient after successive aging cycles as well as the predicted time periods of acoustic class changes.
Curvature squared invariants in six-dimensional ${\cal N} = (1,0)$ supergravity

We describe the supersymmetric completion of several curvature-squared invariants for ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supergravity in six dimensions. The construction of the invariants is based on a close interplay between superconformal tensor calculus and recently developed superspace techniques to study general off-shell supergravity-matter couplings. In the case of minimal off-shell Poincar\'e supergravity based on the dilaton-Weyl multiplet coupled to a linear multiplet as a conformal compensator, we describe off-shell supersymmetric completions for all the three possible purely gravitational curvature-squared terms in six dimensions: Riemann, Ricci, and scalar curvature squared. A linear combination of these invariants describes the off-shell completion of the Gauss-Bonnet term, recently presented in arXiv:1706.09330. We study properties of the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet supergravity, which plays a central role in the effective low-energy description of $\alpha^\prime$-corrected string theory compactified to six dimensions, including a detailed analysis of the spectrum about the ${\rm AdS}_3\times {\rm S}^3$ solution. We also present a novel locally superconformal invariant based on a higher-derivative action for the linear multiplet. This invariant, which includes gravitational curvature-squared terms, can be defined both coupled to the standard-Weyl or dilaton-Weyl multiplet for conformal supergravity. In the first case, we show how the addition of this invariant to the supersymmetric Einstein-Hilbert term leads to a dynamically generated cosmological constant and non-supersymmetric (A)dS$_6$ solutions. In the dilaton-Weyl multiplet, the new off-shell invariant includes Ricci and scalar curvature-squared terms and possesses a nontrivial dependence on the dilaton field.
Efficient global sensitivity analysis for silicon line gratings using polynomial chaos

Scatterometry is a fast, indirect and nondestructive optical method for the quality control in the production of lithography masks. Geometry parameters of line gratings are obtained from diffracted light intensities by solving an inverse problem. To comply with the upcoming need for improved accuracy and precision and thus for the reduction of uncertainties, typically computationally expansive forward models have been used. In this paper we use Bayesian inversion to estimate parameters from scatterometry measurements of a silicon line grating and determine the associated uncertainties. Since the direct application of Bayesian inference using MarkovChain Monte Carlo methods to physics-based partial differential equation (PDE) model is not feasible due to high computational costs, we use an approximation of the PDE forward model based on a polynomial chaos expansion. The expansion provides not only a surrogate for the PDE forward model, but also Sobol indices for a global sensitivity analysis. Finally, we compare our results for the global sensitivity analysis with the uncertainties of estimated parameters.
A general bilinear form to generate different wave structures of solitons for a (3+1)‐dimensional Boiti‐Leon‐Manna‐Pempinelli equation

In this paper, we investigate a (3+1)‐dimensional Boiti‐Leon‐Manna‐Pempinelli equation (3D‐BMLP). By using bilinear forms under certain conditions, we obtain different wave structures for the 3D‐BMLP. Among these waves, lump waves, breather waves, mixed waves, and multi‐soliton wave solutions are constructed. The propagation and the dynamical behavior of the obtained solutions are discussed for different values of the free parameters.
Tracking control and identification of interaction forces for a rehabilitative training walker whose centre of gravity randomly shifts

This study investigates tracking control and the identification of interaction forces for a rehabilitative training walker whose centre of gravity randomly shifts. A stochastic model is structured to describe the motion of the walker subject to random parametric uncertainty. An observer is designed to identify the interaction forces, motion position, and motion velocity of the walker. The novelty of this approach is that the interaction forces are estimated from the reduced tracking performance rather than a conventional nonlinear function. Meanwhile, the position and velocity states are estimated based on the walker's position output. A nonlinear tracking controller is constructed to give the tracking and the estimation error systems mean-square stability both exponentially and practically. Furthermore, the mean-square errors of the interaction forces identification and the tracking motion converge to a sufficiently small neighbourhood upon tuning appropriate parameters. The results of a simulated application confirm the effectiveness of the proposed interaction forces identification and controller design method.
The Unexpected Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones in Moderate Vertical Wind Shear. Part III: Outflow–Environment Interaction

Interactions between the upper-level outflow of a sheared, rapidly intensifying tropical cyclone (TC) and the background environmental flow in an idealized model are presented. The most important finding is that the divergent outflow from convection localized by the tilt of the vortex serves to divert the background environmental flow around the TC, thus reducing the local vertical wind shear. We show that this effect can be understood from basic theoretical arguments related to Bernoulli flow around an obstacle. In the simulation discussed, the environmental flow diversion by the outflow is limited to 2 km below the tropopause in the 12–14-km (250–150 hPa) layer. Synthetic water vapor satellite imagery confirms the presence of upshear arcs in the cloud field, matching satellite observations. These arcs, which exist in the same layer as the outflow, are caused by slow-moving wave features and serve as visual markers of the outflow–environment interface. The blocking effect where the outflow and the environmental winds meet creates a dynamic high pressure whose pressure gradient extends nearly 1000 km upwind, thus causing the environmental winds to slow down, to converge, and to sink. We discuss these results with respect to the first part of this three-part study, and apply them to another atypical rapid intensification hurricane: Matthew (2016).
Theoretical Numerical Analysis A Functional Analysis Framework

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Application of Linear Combination Method to Pulsed Neutron Source Measurement at Kyoto University Critical Assembly

Abstract The applicability of the linear combination method is experimentally confirmed through the pulsed neutron source (PNS) experiment. The linear combination method reduces the spatial higher-mode (HM) components in neutron flux distribution and provides one representative value of the measurement of the prompt neutron decay constant by the linear combination of the neutron counts obtained in the PNS experiment. The PNS experiment is conducted at Kyoto University Critical Assembly with deuteron-tritium source, and the neutron counts are measured at multiple detector positions. The experiment results show that the dependency of the prompt neutron decay constant on the masking time is dramatically reduced by the linear combination method compared to the conventional method: The HM components are eliminated not only by temporal decay but also by the linear combination. Through the experiment, the linear combination method can be a candidate for a practical measurement method of the prompt neutron decay constant reducing the spatial HM effects.