Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Occupational and Quality of Life Consequences of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis in Young People

Introduction: Chronic fatigue syndrome, termed myalgic encephalomyelitis in the United Kingdom (CFS/ME), is a debilitating condition involving severe exhaustion, cognitive difficulties, educational and vocational losses, and disruption of social activities and relationships. CFS/ME may affect volition (that is, value, interest and sense of competence). Purpose: To test Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) concepts by comparing young people with and without CFS/ME in terms of occupational participation, volition and health-related quality of life during infection and over time. Method: Three hundred and one people (12–18 years old) diagnosed with glandular fever were evaluated at the time of acute infection (baseline). Six months following diagnosis, 39 of them met the criteria for CFS/ME. A further 39 who recovered were randomly selected and matched to CFS/ME participants. Both groups were re-evaluated at 12 months and 24 months. The Occupational Self Assessment and the Child General Health Questionnaire were used to compare occupational participation. Results: Those with CFS/ME reported lower levels of perceived competency, more difficulties with physical functioning and poorer general health status than those who recovered. Conclusion: Those with CFS/ME report lower perceived competency, and compromises in physical functioning, school performance, social activities, emotional functioning and general health. This supports the MOHO assertion that impairments affect volition and quality of life.
Modulation threshold functions for chronically impaired Menière patients.

Detection thresholds for sinusoidally amplitude-modulated broad-band noise were measured as a function of modulation frequency for both ears of 6 chronic Menière patients who suffered unilateral hearing impairments. Modulation thresholds were measured with an adaptive cued-standard forced-choice psychophysical method. Better-ear modulation thresholds were similar to normative data previously reported [Formby, C. : J. acoust. Soc.Am. 78:70-77, 1985], whereas 5 of the 6 patients exhibited deficits in modulation detection with their poorer ears. Modulation thresholds averaged across the patients' poorer ears were similar to the normative thresholds through 60-100 Hz; at higher modulation frequencies, sensitivity declined at approximately twice the normal attenuation rate (i.e., 6 vs. 3 dB per octave). The poorer-ear data can be described by the mathematical representation for a simple low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 60 Hz. This pattern of the Menière modulation thresholds is consistent with broadened peripheral tuning due to hydrops.
Increased and expedited case detection by Xpert MTB/RIF assay in childhood tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Diagnosis and timely treatment of tuberculosis in children is hampered by the absence of fast and reliable tests, especially in the era of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) in children with suspected tuberculosis in a high tuberculosis/HIV-burden setting. METHODS In a prospective study with a minimum follow-up of 12 months, 164 children with suspected tuberculosis were assigned to predefined diagnostic subgroups, based on microbiological and clinical findings. Results of smear microscopy and culture were compared against diagnostic performance of Xpert. RESULTS Twenty-eight of 164 children (17.1%) had confirmed tuberculosis. Xpert detected 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.0%-100%) of smear-positive cases and 66.6% (95% CI, 43.0%-85.4%) of culture-positive but smear-negative cases. In the per-sample analysis, Xpert displayed a similar sensitivity (54.7% [95% CI, 42.7%-66.2%]) compared with culture methods. Xpert detected 3-fold more confirmed tuberculosis cases than smear microscopy but with equal rapidity. Four additional cases (8.5%) with clinical tuberculosis but negative culture were diagnosed by Xpert. Testing second and third samples increased sensitivity by 20% and an additional 16%, respectively. When tuberculosis was reliably excluded, Xpert's specificity was 100%. HIV infection did not affect diagnostic accuracy of Xpert. CONCLUSIONS Xpert was easy to perform and displayed similar diagnostic accuracy as culture methods in children with suspected tuberculosis. Rapid turnaround times should reduce treatment delay and improve patient outcome, although sensitivity remains suboptimal and access is dependent on local laboratory infrastructure.
Self-Heating Profile in an AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistor Studied by Ultraviolet and Visible Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Direct measurements of self-heating in gallium nitride (GaN) transistor using ultraviolet (UV) and visible micro-Raman spectroscopy are reported. The material stack was grown on silicon substrates and consists of an AlN nucleation, AlGaN transition, GaN buffer, and AlGaN barrier layers. Phonon shifts are used to estimate the temperature rise. UV measurements probe the current-carrying 2-D electron gas (2-DEG) in the GaN near the interface with the barrier region. Visible micro-Raman measurements provide an average temperature rise through GaN, AlN, and substrate near its interface with AlN. Together, these measurements provide a temperature depth profile. Under identical drive conditions, the increase in temperature from UV micro-Raman is approximately twice what is obtained from the visible measurements, reaching as high as 350°C above ambient temperature at input power of 7.8 W/mm. The temperature depth profile is simulated using finite-element analysis. We find that the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of GaN is important to incorporate in these simulations due to the large temperature rise in the 2-DEG region. A thermal boundary resistance of 1× 10-8~K·m2 /W is obtained from the combined simulation and experimental results.
Myxomatosis: the introduction of the European rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) into wild rabbit populations in Australia

SUMMARY 1. The European rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) bred successfully in wild rabbits on three properties in New South Wales and, within two breeding seasons, almost every rabbit shot within a quarter of a mile of a release site was infested. 2. It was demonstrated that the flea transmitted myxoma virus in the field. 3. In areas where more than 75 % of the rabbits shot at the beginning of the breeding season were flea-infested and myxoma virus was present, populations failed to show the expected summer build-up.
Gain-Scheduled Control Synthesis Using Dynamic $D$-Scales

For systems that are affected by a priori unknown but on-line measurable dynamic components (such as parameters, nonlinearities or delays), we propose a novel design algorithm for controllers that are on-line scheduled by these so-called structured uncertainties in order to achieve closed-loop stability and a certain desired level of performance. Both the plant and the controller are assumed to admit a description in terms of a linear time-invariant system in feedback with the uncertainties as is standard in robust control. In contrast to the existing results in the literature, dynamic (i.e., frequency-dependent) D -scales are used to guarantee robust stability (and performance) of the closed-loop system in the form of frequency-dependent inequalities. Based on these well-known analysis results, it is shown in this paper how to completely reduce the synthesis of gain-scheduled controllers with dynamic D-scalings to a system of linear matrix inequalities. We sketch various potential applications of our main result and illustrate the advantages of frequency dependence in the D-scales by a simple numerical example.
Intranasal ketorolac tromethamine (SPRIX®) containing 6% of lidocaine (ROX-828) for acute treatment of migraine: Safety and efficacy data from a phase II clinical trial

Objective Ketorolac is a non-triptan, non-opioid, mixed cyclooxygenase (COX)1/2-inhibitor for short-term management of moderate-to-severe acute pain. This trial evaluated an intranasal formulation of ketorolac tromethamine (SPRIX®) containing 6% lidocaine (ROX-828) for the acute treatment of migraine with and without aura as defined by the International Headache Society. Methods Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to self-treat with intranasal ROX-828 (31.5 mg ketorolac tromethamine/200 µL, containing 6% of lidocaine) or placebo (with 6% lidocaine) within four hours of a new migraine attack rated ≥ moderate in pain intensity. Assessments included headache intensity and associated migraine symptoms (nausea, vomiting, phonophobia, photophobia) measured at baseline and at regular intervals through 48 hours post-dosing, and global impression of efficacy (seven-point scale) measured at two hours. Results Randomized patients who had a migraine attack (N = 140) were evaluable (ROX-828, N = 68; placebo, N = 72). Patients receiving ROX-828 showed a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in pain relief at all time points except 0.5 and 24 hours compared with those who received placebo. More patients achieved pain-free status with ROX-828 than with placebo at 1.5, 3, 4, 24 and 48 hours (p < 0.05); significance at the two-hour time point, which was the primary endpoint, was not met. Patients’ global impression of efficacy showed statistically significantly better results for patients receiving ROX-828 than for those receiving placebo. Associated migraine symptoms were significantly improved (p < 0.05) with ROX-828 relative to placebo at several time points throughout the observation period. The most frequently reported adverse events in both groups were associated with nasal discomfort. Conclusion Self-administered intranasal ROX-828 was well tolerated. While the primary endpoint was not met, the results provide preliminary evidence that ROX-828 improves migraine pain.
A Human Herpesvirus 7 Glycoprotein, U21, Diverts Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules to Lysosomes

ABSTRACT All members of the herpesvirus family persist in their host throughout life. In doing so, herpesviruses exploit a surprising number of different strategies to evade the immune system. Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is a relatively recently discovered member of the herpesvirus family, and little is known about how it escapes immune detection. Here we show that HHV-7 infection results in premature degradation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. We identify and characterize a protein from HHV-7, U21, that binds to and diverts properly folded class I molecules to a lysosomal compartment. Thus, U21 is likely to function in the normal course of HHV-7 infection to downregulate surface class I molecules and prevent recognition of infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Individual ant workers show self-control

Often, the first option is not the best. Self-control can allow humans and animals to improve resource intake under such conditions. Self-control in animals is often investigated using intertemporal choice tasks—choosing a smaller reward immediately or a larger reward after a delay. However, intertemporal choice tasks may underestimate self-control, as test subjects may not fully understand the task. Vertebrates show much greater apparent self-control in more natural foraging contexts and spatial discounting tasks than in intertemporal choice tasks. However, little is still known about self-control in invertebrates. Here, we investigate self-control in the black garden ant Lasius niger. We confront individual workers with a spatial discounting task, offering a high-quality reward far from the nest and a poor-quality reward closer to the nest. Most ants (69%) successfully ignored the closer, poorer reward in favour of the further, better one. However, when both the far and the close rewards were of the same quality, most ants (83%) chose the closer feeder, indicating that the ants were indeed exercising self-control, as opposed to a fixation on an already known food source.
Resting high-frequency heart rate variability moderates the association between early-life adversity and body adiposity

This study investigates resting high-frequency heart rate variability as a moderator of the association between early-life adversity and two measures of body adiposity. Data were collected from 149 young adults attending a large university in the Midwestern United States (Mage = 18.8 years; 45% black; 55% white; 56% female). Self-reported early-life adversity was associated with greater waist-to-height ratio and body mass index. The strength of these associations was moderated by high-frequency heart rate variability, such that the link was stronger for individuals with lower heart rate variability. Resting high-frequency heart rate variability thus has potential health significance as a biomarker of stress vulnerability.
Marked Inhibition of Growth and Invasive Parameters of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma FaDu by a Nutrient Mixture

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are known for their aggressive growth and propensity to metastasize. The authors investigated the effect of a novel nutrient mixture (NM) containing ascorbic acid, lysine, proline, and green tea extract on human HNSCC cell line FaDu in vivo and in vitro. Athymic male nude mice (n = 12) were inoculated with 3 × 106 FaDu cells subcutaneously and randomly divided into 2 groups: group A was fed a regular diet and group B a regular diet supplemented with 0.5% NM. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and their tumors were excised, weighted, and processed for histology. In vitro, FaDu cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and exposed to NM at 0 to 1000 µg/mL in triplicate. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion by gelatinase zymography, invasion through Matrigel, apoptosis by live-green caspases, and cell morphology by hematoxylin—eosin staining. NM inhibited the growth of tumors by 55% (P = .0002) and exhibited dose-dependent toxicity on FaDu cells in vitro, with 53% (P = .0003) at 1000 µg/mL NM. Zymography revealed MMP-2 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate—induced MMP-9 secretion. NM inhibited secretion of both MMPs in a dose-dependent manner, with virtual total inhibition at 1000 µg/mL. NM significantly inhibited FaDu invasion through Matrigel with total block at 1000 µg/mL. NM induced dose-dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, NM has therapeutic potential in the treatment of HNSCC by significantly suppressing tumor growth and significantly inhibiting MMP secretion and invasion of HNSCC cells in vitro.
STICKINESS TO HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES VARIES WIDELY AMONG PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS

To determine whether there are differences in stickiness to hydrophobic surfaces among peptides and proteins under immunoassay conditions, peptides and proteins were radio-labeled with 125I and competitive adsorption with human serum albumin (HSA) in polystyrene or polypropylene tubes was used to determine the IC 50, the concentration of HSA required to reduce the adsorption of the labeled polypeptides to 50% of maximal. Stickiness was defined as log10(109 I C 50). Stickiness varied significantly between the labeled polypeptides (p < 0.00001) and ranged (±sem) from 0.99 ± 0.07 for angiotensin II to 5.30 ± 0.07 for tyr0-urocortin II. The stickiness of HSA and γ globulin was 1.62 ± 0.09 and 1.92 ± 0.05, respectively. No significant difference in stickiness between polystyrene and polypropylene was found. We conclude that some peptides are sufficiently sticky to risk adsorptive loss during sampling and analysis, and there may exist peptides so sticky that they remain uncharacterized.
Strategy to detect and prevent the current zero-crossing for inverter powered drives

The output voltage of an inverter is often assumed proportional to the drive modulation signal. However, in practice the inverter presents nonlinear characteristics that may significantly affect the output voltage, and this may be critical in the context of sensorless drives and parameter identification. Nowadays, several solutions exist to compensate for the nonlinear behaviour of the inverter. Nevertheless, for the nonlinear effects at zero-crossing currents, no satisfying solution has yet been found. This paper proposes a calculation method that detects the occurrence of one or multiple zero-crossings of the current during a switching period. Then, an offset, selected in order to minimize the disturbance on the torque, is injected in the current control which prevents the current to cross zero. In that way, the disturbing effects of the zero-crossing current on the output voltages can be prevented. The method is evaluated for a permanent-magnet synchronous machine.
Correlation of Eastern Wild Turkey Poult:hen Ratios with Population Indices to Detect Reproductive Density Dependence

Knowledge of how density affects population growth is important for the harvest management of wild turkey. Unfortunately, available time-series are often too short for statistical detection of density dependence. The correlation between wild turkey recruitment and population size was assessed using data from 7 state wildlife agencies, circumventing the problem of short time-series by using multiple datasets. Correlation coefficients were calculated between surveyed poult:hen ratios and harvest-based population indices for 31 geographic or harvest management regions. Estimated correlation coefficients were tested for homogeneity to determine if an average correlation could be calculated. Correlation coefficients for the 29 regions ranged from -0.82 to 0.70. A Q-test for homogeneity indicated that correlation coefficients were similar enough to warrant averaging [Q=25.45, df = 28, P = 0.603]. The weighted average correlation coefficient (± standard error) was r = -0.30 ± 0.45. Population size accounted for little of the variation associated with production (r = 0.09). Graphical analysis indicated that a negative correlation between poult:hen ratios and population size tended to occur when the range of population sizes was large. Density dependence appears to have little effect on production. Density-independent models should have better success modeling wild turkey production, while density-dependent effects may have stronger influence on survival or immigration at low population sizes.
Mental Health Nursing in Greece: Nursing Diagnoses and Interventions in Major Depression

The aim of the study was to assess nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions that were accordingly implemented during the care of inpatients with major depression in Greece. Twelve nurses working in three major psychiatric hospitals were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were used and audio-recorded data indicated that risk for suicide, social isolation, low self-esteem, sleep problems, and imbalanced nutrition are the nursing diagnoses most commonly reported. Establishing trust and rapport is the primary intervention, followed by specific interventions according to each diagnosis and the individualized care plan. The findings of the study also highlight the need for nursing training in order to teach nurses initial assessment procedures and appropriate evidence-based intervention techniques.
The Proportionality Hypothesis in Capital Theory: An Assessment of the Literature

It is found that the hypothesis of a constant replacement investment capital stock ratio has several fundamental shortcomings. It conflicts with most of the available theoretical and empirical evidence. It is alien to researchers in other fields of economics and related areas; and, perhaps most importantly, it has restrained progress in economic theory and econometric applications based on more realistic conceptualizations of the time structure of capital. On these grounds it is concluded that its abandonment is long overdue.
English Language Policy and Practice in Japan

This article examines the present and past polices and practices undertaken in Japan with regard to language education from societal and educational perspectives. Further, it will be discussed how English language policy in Japan relates to theoretical perspectives in the literature. It is argued that there has been a historical and continuing disparity between official goals and implementation that have rendered English language education less effective than otherwise might be. Although a reform of foreign language education policy in 2003 signals a positive move towards more effective communicate methods, failure to reimagine the university entrance exam system and continuing to take an egalitarian approach are evidence that language reform was never the underlying objective of foreign language policy. Rather, English education has always been pursued for national ecomonic goals rather than any individual linguistic needs.
Intimate Partner Violence and Barriers To Mental Health Care for Ethnically Diverse Populations of Women

Ethnically diverse populations of women, particularly survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), experience many barriers to mental health care. The search terms ‘‘women’’ and ‘‘domestic violence or IPV’’ and ‘‘mental health care’’ were used as a means to review the literature regarding barriers to mental health care and minority women. Abstracts chosen for further review included research studies with findings on women of one or more ethnic minority groups, potential barriers to accessing mental health care, and a nonexclusive focus on IPV. Fifty-five articles were selected for this review. Identified barriers included a variety of patient, provider, and health system/community factors. Attention to the barriers to mental health care for ethnically diverse survivors of IPV can help inform the development of more effective strategies for health care practice and policy.
Perception about Corruption in Public Servicies: A Case of Brics Countries

Purpose: As is increasingly recognized in academic literature and by international organizations, corruption act as major deterrent to growth and development. The aim of this paper is study the perception of general public about the corruption in BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Research Methodology: This research is based on primary data i.e. questionnaire. The questionnaire were distributed in capital of each country i.e. Brasilia in Brazil, Moscow in Russia, Delhi in India, Beijing in china and Pretoria in South Africa. The questionnaire was mailed and uploaded on Facebook. The questionnaire was distributed to 150 people of each country. The data is analyzed with the help of graph and tables. Findings: It was found that state authorities initiate corruption. The main causes behind corruption are Public tolerance towards corruption, Absence of political will, Dominance of personal interest over state interest, Ineffective administration, Inefficient control and punishment mechanisms and Lack of independence of the judiciary system. It was observed that Police is the most corrupt service in BRICS countries. Majority of people from Russia, China and South Africa believe that their Government is effective in fighting with corruption while people of Brazil and India don’t have faith in their Government regarding fighting with corruption. Media was found to be most trusted institution in fighting with corruption. The Judiciary should formulate strict law regarding corruption. Originality/value: This research will help Government to get idea about the thinking of general public about corruption in their country.
A Response to ‘Weighing Up the Evidence and Local Experience of Residential Care’

We are in agreement with some of the points made in the recent article by Tregeagle, ‘Weighing up the evidence and local experience of residential care’ (Children Australia, 42(4), 240–247). For example, there can be no dispute about the high costs of residential placements or that achieving a stable residential environment is very challenging. Table 1 provides a three state cost comparison of residential placements (Ainsworth, 2017).