Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CCR5 deficiency accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced astrogliosis, amyloid-beta deposit and impaired memory function

Chemokine receptors are implicated in inflammation and immune responses. Neuro-inflammation is associated with activation of astrocyte and amyloid-beta (Aβ) generations that lead to pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Previous our study showed that deficiency of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) results in activation of astrocytes and Aβ deposit, and thus memory dysfunction through increase of CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) expression. CCR5 knockout mice were used as an animal model with memory dysfunction. For the purpose LPS was injected i.p. daily (0.25 mg/kg/day). The memory dysfunctions were much higher in LPS-injected CCR5 knockout mice compared to CCR5 wild type mice as well as non-injected CCR5 knockout mice. Associated with severe memory dysfuction in LPS injected CCR5 knockout mice, LPS injection significant increase expression of inflammatory proteins, astrocyte activation, expressions of β-secretase as well as Aβ deposition in the brain of CCR5 knockout mice as compared with that of CCR5 wild type mice. In CCR5 knockout mice, CCR2 expressions were high and co-localized with GFAP which was significantly elevated by LPS. Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) which ligands of CCR2 also increased by LPS injection, and increment of MCP-1 expression is much higher in CCR5 knockout mice. BV-2 cells treated with CCR5 antagonist, D-ala-peptide T-amide (DAPTA) and cultured astrocytes isolated from CCR5 knockout mice treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) and CCR2 antagonist, decreased the NF-ĸB activation and Aβ level. These findings suggest that the deficiency of CCR5 enhances response of LPS, which accelerates to neuro-inflammation and memory impairment.
A Comparative Study of Social Workers from One- and Two-Year Graduate Social Work Programs

Abstract The timing and content of graduate social work education programs need to be reconsidered for greater relevance to today's practice demands. In this article, a study is cited in which findings indicate significant differences between graduates from one-year programs and those from two-year programs. Practice assessments as scored by the graduates themselves did not correlate with supervisors' assessments of the graduates' practice. It is concluded that time is needed for effective professional socialization, and a two-year graduate program, with certain recommended changes in content, is suggested.
Morphometric Analysis of Hemicerebellar Asymmetryn with Central Vertigo Cases: A Stereological Study

Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los metodos relevantes de estereologia para estimar la asimetria hemicerebellar segun el genero, tanto en adultos diestros, casos de vertigo y al compararlos con casos control. El estudio incluyo a 14 sujetos adultos como control y 18 pacientes con vertigo. Los volumenes de los hemisferios del cerebelo se determinaron en la RM utilizando el recuento de los puntos del metodo de estereologia. La media (± DE) de los hemisferios derecho del cerebelo en los pacientes con vertigo fueron 52,49 ± 5,42 cm3 en los hombres, 50,11 ± 4,02 cm3 en las mujeres. La media (± DE) de los hemisferios izquierdo del cerebelo en los pacientes con vertigo fueron 53,11 ± 3,70 cm3 en los hombres, 49,73 ± 4,69 cm3 en las mujeres. No hubo evidencia cuantitativa importante detectada en cuanto a la asimetria entre las estimaciones del cerebelo entre plano sagital en los casos con vertigo en ambos sexos (p> 0,05). No hubo diferencias estadisticamente significativas segun los generos entre ambos el vertigo y los sujetos control (p> 0,05). Solo hubo significancia estadistica entre los hemisferios derecho e izquierdo en los sujetos control masculino (p = 0,039). No hubo asimetria entre el cerebelo control y de los casos el vertigo de acuerdo a los generos. La evaluacion de la asimetria estereologica o atrofia del cerebelo en el ser humano se correlaciona con el genero es de importancia para los clinicos y anatomicos. La tecnica es simple, confiable, de bajo costo e imparcial.
Measuring Business Cycles by Saving for a Rainy Day

We propose a simple saving-based measure of the cyclical component in GDP. The measure is motivated by the prediction that the represenative consumer changes savings in response to temporary deviations of income from its stochastic trend, while satisfying a present-value budget constraint. To evaluate our procedure, we employ the bivariate error correction model of Cochrane (1994) to the member countries of the G-7 and Australia. Our estimates reveal, that to a close approximation, the stochastic trend component of GDP is consumption and the transitory component is the error correction term, which justifies the use of our saving-based measure.
Inorganic Polyphosphate/ATP-NAD kinase of Micrococcus flavus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.

An enzyme with both inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)]- and ATP-dependent NAD kinase activities was isolated from Micrococcus flavus. The enzyme was a dimer consisting of 34 kDa subunits, and was named poly(P)/ATP-NAD kinase. Internal amino acid sequences of the enzyme showed homologies with some function-unknown proteins released on the GenBank database. Among such proteins, hypothetical Rv1695 protein (Accession No. Z98268-16), which was encoded by a gene named "Rv1695" on genomic DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, was proposed to be poly(P)-dependent NAD kinase. By cloning and expression in Escherichia coli, Rv1695 was shown to encode poly(P)/ATP-NAD kinase and named ppnk. The ppnk product, recombinant-poly(P)/ATP-NAD kinase (Ppnk) was purified and characterized. The enzyme was a tetramaer consisting of 35 kDa subunits when expressed in E. coli. Poly(P)/ATP-NAD kinases of M. flavus and Ppnk of M. tuberculosis H37Rv specifically and completely phosphorylated NAD by utilizing commercially available poly(P)s and nucleoside triphosphates as phosphoryl donors.
Assessing Efficiency Gains from Individual Transferable Quotas: An Application to the Mid‐Atlantic Surf Clam and Ocean Quahog Fishery

Delayed fishing fleet restructuring complicates the assessment of efficiency gains from individual transferable quota (ITQ) fisheries management programs. This article presents a methodology to estimate harvest sector efficiency gains in lieu of incomplete fleet restructuring. The methodology is applied to assess the efficiency gains in the Mid-Atlantic surf clam and ocean quahog fishery ITQ program. While roughly 128 vessels harvested clams under the previous management regime, the analysis suggests that 21-25 vwessels will remain under ITQs. The efficiency gains are estimated to be between $11.1 million and $12.8 million annually (1990 dollars).
Post-project Review on a Resettlement Programme of the Kotapanjang Dam Project in Indonesia

The Kotapanjang Dam project, in the Sumatra Island of Indonesia, has been criticized in that it created many problems for resettled families. Affected families filed a lawsuit in Indonesian and Japanese courts. The authors conducted a field survey in four resettlement villages to evaluate the resettlement scheme applied. The survey revealed that living conditions of two villages were significantly improved after resettlement. The condition of another village was fairly improved, although there was room for further improvements. In yet another village, while many people experienced a decrease in income and hardship after the resettlement, other indicators of quality of life suggested improvements.
Unravelling the Process of 'Partnership' in Urban Regeneration Policy

In the UK, there is a political consensus that a multi-sectoral partnership approach is essential to achieve urban regeneration. As a term, however, 'partnership' is overused, ambiguous and politicised. The Conservative government has inscribed 'partnership' with a complex political agenda. It is not clear whether the politics of partnership are still dominated by a Thatcherite agenda of privatising and centralising urban policy or whether a new, more democratic era has been entered. The paper explores how the stakeholders in the central government-led Scottish Urban Partnerships conceive of the nature of their interrelationships within this political context. It also presents a conceptualisation of partnership processes which extends and refines the framework put forward by Mackintosh (1992). The paper concludes that the Urban Partnerships are essentially limited applications of the potential of the partnership approach.
Informed Retail Investors: Evidence from Retail Short Sales

Our study suggests that despite the enforcement of insider trading laws, there are still some investors trading on their private information. Using account-level information, we show that some retail investors seem to be informed about particular stocks. When they sell short these stocks, they earn an alpha of 15%; when they purchase these stocks, they earn an alpha of 27%. Other short sales and purchases by the same investor do not earn significant alpha. These informed trades are rare and further evidence suggest that these informed retail trades are motivated by private information rather than trading skill.
The Relationship Between Equity Indices on World Exchanges

STUDIES OF WORLD CAPITAL market efficiency have typically focused on the merits of diversification, the comovement of equity prices, or the lead-lag relationship among market indices. ' Grubel [7], Levy-Sarnat [10] and Solnik [14] have investigated the merits of international diversification by employing a meanvariance portfolio framework. More recently, researchers such as Lessard [9], Stehle [15], and Adler and Dumas [1] have investigated the related issue of segmented versus internationally integrated markets. The comovement of world exchange indices and stocks has been addressed, among others, by Panton, Lessig, and Joy [11], Ripley [12] and Robichek, Cohn and Pringle [13]. Panton, Lessig, and Joy use cluster analysis to conclude that there is some stability and structure in international markets, with some markets having high degrees of similarity. Ripley, using factor analysis, finds more than half of the movement in the typical developed country's index is unique to the country. Robichek, Cohn, and Pringle find a lack of significant correlation between ex-post returns of common stock in Australia, Japan, and the United States. Lead-lag relationships have been studied by Agmon [2], Branch [3], and Granger and Morgenstern [6]. Agmon finds no significant leads or lags on a monthly basis among the common stocks of Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Granger and Morgenstern use spectral analysis on weekly data for stock indices in eight countries and conclude that "contrary to widespread beliefs, there is little or no interrelationship between different stock market exchanges around the world. " However, they do note some relationship between New York-Amsterdam and Germany-Amsterdam. Further, they suggest that markets would not likely 1be independent if a world-wide financial crisis occurred or a war began.2 The purpose of this paper is to specifically examine the structure of international equity market indices during a world-wide financial crisis. Therefore, we chose to examine daily data generated during the period July 7, 1973 to April 30, 1974. This period included an event of significant world wide impact-the OPEC
The design and implementation of an information literacy training course that integrated Information and Library Science conceptions of information literacy, educational theory and information behaviour research: a Tanzanian pilot study

Abstract This paper reviews the implementation of an Information Literacy Training course at the University of Dar Es Salaam in Tanzania. The training lasted seven days and involved Masters students from the Faculty of Education. The course was created as part of a PhD research project on information literacy that was undertaken by the second author of this paper at the Department of Information Science at Loughborough University. The objective was to develop a training course that inculcated information literacy and could be implemented by staff in the library. The success of the course was therefore partly judged on whether it effectively enabled knowledge transfer. This was tested by involving librarians in the pilot, and who took the entire course, and then seeing whether they were able to effectively implement the course themselves. This paper explores the implementation of the information literacy training programme attended by Master students from the Faculty of Education at the University of Dar Es Salaam. The course was innovative in that it integrated knowledge from information behaviour research and educational theory with current perspectives of information literacy from Information and Library Science. The style of training was influenced by the pedagogical theories of Kolb and Vygotsky that stress the importance of experiential and reflective learning and mediated communication. The notion that learning information literacy is more akin to learning a culture rather than skills and that learners are active participants in the learning process further emphasised the need for communication and sharing of learning throughout the course. All stages of the course were evaluated using quizzes, exercises, group reflection and presentations that related to each stage in the course. Trainees’ knowledge of information literacy was evaluated before and after the course to provide an indication of changes in knowledge. A review of the course content and its rationale is given here, challenges are identified, and questions about future initiatives are raised. The course, judging from the various forms of feedback, was effective. It also enabled the librarians to run subsequent courses, including the training of Masters students described in this paper. Hence, the programme proved successful in terms of knowledge transfer.
Habit Formation and the Transfer Paradox

Using a two-country model with habit-forming consumers, we show that the transfer paradox can occur in a free-trade, dynamically stable economy. When the debtor is more in the habit of consuming than the creditor, an income transfer from the creditor to the debtor raises the interest rate in transition through changes in time preference. With sufficiently low elasticities of intertemporal substitution and/or sufficiently large stocks of the creditor's assets, the intertemporal terms-of-trade effect immiserizes the recipient and enriches the donor. This possibility cannot be excluded by the correspondence principle (a la Burmeister and Long) as the dynamics are saddlepoint-stable.
Tanzanian water policy reforms—between principles and practical applications

The paper presents and discusses different approaches to water management, termed “state centred”, “market-based” and “community-based”. Each provides different answers to how and by whom limited water resources best could and should be managed. They are based on different development ideologies and advocated by different professions. The article elaborates on the strengths, limitations and compatibility of the three models. These models provide a basis for discussing national water policy and water management reforms in Tanzania as well as the more practical implications of this in one of the main river basins in the country: the Pangani River Basin. Central to the water management problem in this basin are conflicts between communities and the water bureaucracy over what constitutes “proper” management of water. The policy and the activities of the river basin authorities continue to reflect a traditional top-down bureaucratic approach to water management, with colonial roots. The water legislation and the formal water management system seem neither to be set up to facilitate the active participation of local communities in water management, nor to facilitate the development of a water market.
CEO Compensation, Diversification and Incentives

This paper studies how firms tie CEO compensation to firms' stock market performance. I demonstrate that in theory and in practice there is a tradeoff between giving CEOs incentives and forcing them to hold an un-diversified position in the firm. Unlike the results of the existing literature, market risk is not necessarily a cost of providing incentives. The cost of giving incentives is the potential loss of diversification for the CEO. As a result, CEO incentive decreases with firm-specific risk, but may not decrease with market risk. This paper also incorporates the recent critique by Prendergast (2000), which argues that the relation between risk and incentive level is unreliably estimated when we fail to consider the effect of risk on the benefit of giving incentives. I study both sides of the incentive-diversification tradeoff simultaneously. I am able to show that after controlling for the other side of the tradeoff, higher incentive is observed when CEOs' efforts have higher productivity, or when firm has lower firm-specific risk level.
Middle Managers' Divergent Strategic Activity: An Investigation of Multiple Measures of Network Centrality

Using a sample of 89 mid-level managers in a US based urban hospital, this study investigates relationships among three measures of network centrality and managers' divergent strategic activity. While prior work has demonstrated a relationship between managers' boundary-spanning responsibilities and strategic activity, inadequate attention has been paid to managers' internal network position. Drawing from established theory, we consider expected network flows associated with three elements of the strategic renewal process. From this, we hypothesize and test relationships among managers' divergent activity and three measures of network centrality. Our findings suggest specific relationships between alternative forms of network centrality and particular elements of the strategic renewal process. Consistent with existing research, the findings also show boundary-spanning managers to be more strategically active than their non-boundary-spanning counterparts. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007.
E‐government adoption in small Italian municipalities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the level of e‐government adoption in small Italian municipalities, in coherence with the action plans suggested by the main National Institution on the subject.Design/methodology/approach – The following setting is used: of 8,101 Italian municipalities, the majority (72 per cent) represent small municipalities accounting for 10,590,728 inhabitants out of a total of 58,571,711 nationally. Adopting an empirical approach, a survey was conducted on 49 small municipalities, through a questionnaire and in‐depth interviews with political and managerial decision makers and IT officers.Findings – The survey suggests some technical reasons concerning a lack of infrastructure and IT services (e.g. back‐up, security, disaster recovery) and some managerial reasons related both to a lack of strategic vision of information needs and to an inadequacy of requested skills and competencies.Research limitations/implications – The research reported here is based only on a sur.
Metro Manila through the gentrification lens: Disparities in urban planning and displacement risks

Using Metro Manila as a case study, this paper investigates whether and how its current urban form and pattern of transformation can be explained by the theories of gentrification developed within the cities of the Global North. Two core features of gentrification are examined: the production of exclusive spaces and the related displacement of the poor or low-income households. The uneven development across the metropolis is discussed in terms of the longstanding tension between the weak city-state and the dominance of the landed elites. Falling through the gap are the urban poor, who arrange their housing within informal settlements and are exposed to multiple vulnerabilities, including the risk of displacement. Drawing on an empirical study of the displacement impacts of a public transportation project, this paper provides useful insights into how gentrification-induced displacement may unfold if land-based development takes place in a densely populated metropolis such as Metro Manila.
Negative Self-Perception and Components of Stress in Canadian, British, and Hong Kong Adolescents

Responses to a 68-item Adolescent Stress Scale of 14- to 16-yr. -olds in Canada (n = 369), Britain (n = 217), and Hong Kong (n = 349) were compared. Four common subscales identified by principal component analysis emerged in the three samples. Scores on subscales (Relationship Problems, Abuse at Home, Scholastic and Career Problems, and Loneliness and Social Isolation) were significantly correlated for both sexes with negative self-esteem scores in the three national groups. Differences in stress between cultures were explicable in terms of known cultural differences.
The Invisible Body-Balancing Economics: A Medium Approach

Our global world is under the variety of individual bodies on the division of work. This paper would consider the invisible body-balancing network and economics by a medium approach. This medium approach originated from the Newsboy problem, and would be attained by the invisible hand of market (demand) speed at Chameleon’s criteria. First, our new treatment and condition to balancing are given. Next, a few trial cases are discussed and verified at the series type.
Relationships and reciprocality in student and academic services

As part of the ‘face’ a university projects to the world, student service staff play a key role in constructing an institution's external identity. Yet, there have been few studies of who are the general staff providing these services, and how they define their role within their institutions. Although there have been several excellent studies about the (often difficult) relationship between academic and general staff, and the attitudes of general staff in relation to their customers, these studies have generally considered general staff as a single grouping. This article unpacks the term ‘general staff’, considering a particular occupational cluster within the loosely grouped classification of ‘general’. Drawing on focus groups and interviews, it considers the understanding of the nature of the ‘customer’, and of a range of working relationships, from the perspective of a group of general staff based in a student and academic service office. It also advances the analysis of the ‘customer’ in higher education by considering the concept of student and academic service staff as both serving customers, and as the internal customers of academic and other general staff.