Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy of Co–Pt Perpendicular Films Induced by Lattice Deformation

A study of the thickness dependence of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy K<sub>u</sub> of Co-Pt perpendicular films deposited on Ru seed layers was extended over a wide range of Pt content from 10 to 30 at%, to further investigate the origin of the significant increase in K <sub>u</sub> on reducing the film thickness, which was previously reported for Co<sub>80</sub>Pt<sub>20</sub>/Ru films. K<sub>u</sub> increased significantly as the thickness decreased in all series of films with various Pt content. The rate of increase of K<sub>u</sub> with reducing thickness became increasingly large as the Pt content decreased. It should be noted that the K<sub>u</sub> of 2-nm-thick films was an almost constant 2times10<sup>7</sup> erg/cm<sup>3</sup> over the range of Pt contents studied, although K<sub>u</sub> was maximized at 25-30at%Pt content for films thicker than 5 nm. Experimental results suggest that the increase in K<sub>u</sub> on reducing the thickness was mostly related to a reduction of the hcp Co-Pt lattice c/a ratio
Circum-Arctic Changes in the Flow of Glaciers and Ice Caps from Satellite SAR Data between the 1990s and 2017

We computed circum-Arctic surface velocity maps of glaciers and ice caps over the Canadian Arctic, Svalbard and the Russian Arctic for at least two times between the 1990s and 2017 using satellite SAR data. Our analyses are mainly performed with offset-tracking of ALOS-1 PALSAR-1 (2007–2011) and Sentinel-1 (2015–2017) data. In certain cases JERS-1 SAR (1994–1998), TerraSAR-X (2008–2012), Radarsat-2 (2009–2016) and ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 (2015–2016) data were used to fill-in spatial or temporal gaps. Validation of the latest Sentinel-1 results was accomplished by means of SAR data at higher spatial resolution (Radarsat-2 Wide Ultra Fine) and ground-based measurements. In general, we observe a deceleration of flow velocities for the major tidewater glaciers in the Canadian Arctic and an increase in frontal velocity along with a retreat of frontal positions over Svalbard and the Russian Arctic. However, all regions have strong accelerations for selected glaciers. The latter developments can be well traced based on the very high temporal sampling of Sentinel-1 acquisitions since 2015, revealing new insights in glacier dynamics. For example, surges on Spitsbergen (e.g., Negribreen, Nathorsbreen, Penckbreen and Strongbreen) have a different characteristic and timing than those over Eastern Austfonna and Edgeoya (e.g., Basin 3, Basin 2 and Stonebreen). Events similar to those ongoing on Eastern Austofonna were also observed over the Vavilov Ice Cap on Severnaya Zemlya and possibly Simony Glacier on Franz-Josef Land. Collectively, there seems to be a recently increasing number of glaciers with frontal destabilization over Eastern Svalbard and the Russian Arctic compared to the 1990s.
Two-Component Gap Solitons in Self-Defocusing Photonic Crystals

Studies of solitons in spatially periodic (lattice) potentials have grown into a vast area of research, with profoundly important applications to nonlinear optics, plasmonics, and matter waves in quantum gases, as outlined in recent reviews [1]-[4]. In ultracold bosonic and fermionic gases, periodic potentials can be created, in the form of optical lattices (OLs), by coherent laser beams illuminating the gas in opposite directions [5]-[7]. Effective lattice potentials for optical waves are induced by photonic crystals (PhCs), which are built as permanent structures by means of various techniques [2, 8, 9], or as laser-induced virtual structures in photorefractive crystals [10]. Reconfigurable PhCs can be also based on liquid crystals [11]. Parallel to the progress in the experiments, the study of the interplay between the nonlinearity and periodic potentials has been an incentive for the rapid developments of theoretical methods [12, 13]. Both the experimental and theoretical results reveal that solitons can be created in lattice potentials, if they do not exist in the uniform space [this is the case of gap solitons (GSs) supported by the self-defocusing nonlinearity, see original works [14]-[17] and reviews [7, 18]], and solitons may be stabilized, if they are unstable without the lattice (multidimensional solitons in the case of self-focusing, as shown in Refs. [17], [19]-[25], see also reviews [1, 3, 4]). The stability of GSs has been studied in detail too—chiefly, close to edges of the corresponding bandgaps—in one [27]-[29] and two [30] dimensions alike.
Comparisons of problems reported by youths from seven countries.

OBJECTIVE This study compared ratings for self-reported behavioral and emotional problems in adolescents from seven countries. METHOD Youth Self-Report scores were analyzed for 7,137 adolescents ages 11-18 years from general population samples from Australia, China, Israel, Jamaica, the Netherlands, Turkey, and the United States. RESULTS Comparisons of problems scores yielded small to medium effect sizes for cross-cultural variations. Youths from China and Jamaica had the highest and youths from Israel and Turkey had the lowest mean total problems scores. With cross-cultural consistency, girls scored higher for internalizing and lower for externalizing than boys. Cross-cultural correlations were high among the mean item scores. CONCLUSIONS Empirically based assessment provided a robust method for assessing and comparing adolescents' self-reported problems. Self-reports thus supplemented empirically based assessments of parent-reported problems and offered a cost-effective way of identifying problems for which adolescents from diverse cultural backgrounds may need help.
Effects of a Combined Process of High‐Pressure Carbon Dioxide and High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Quality of Carrot Juice

ABSTRACT: A combined treatment of high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was investigated as a non-thermal processing technique to enhance the safety and shelf life of carrot juice. Aerobes were completely inactivated by a combined treatment of 4.90 MPa-HPCD and 300 MPa-HHP. A combined treatment of 4.90 MPa-HPCD and 600 MPa-HHP effectively inactivated enzymes. The residual activities of polyphenoloxidase, lipoxygenase, and pectinmethylesterase were less than 11.3%, 8.8%, and 35.1%, respectively. Cloud and color were considerably affected by HPCD, but not by HHP. Enzyme activities and the total color difference showed a strong correlation with pH, which was dependent on the pressure of carbon dioxide.
Convergence Analysis of Strang Splitting for Vlasov-Type Equations

A rigorous convergence analysis of the Strang splitting algorithm for Vlasov-type equations in the setting of abstract evolution equations is provided. It is shown that, under suitable assumptions, the convergence is of second order in the time step $\tau$. As an example, it is verified that the Vlasov--Poisson equations in 1+1 dimensions fit into the framework of this analysis. Further, numerical experiments for the latter case are presented.
The Structural Proteins of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus Bacteriophage MAC-1

In the present investigation the structural proteins associated with MAC-1 bacteriophage have been characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); tandem mass spectrometry of protein bands from SDS-PAGE gel; from the open reading frames (ORFs) deduced from MAC-1 genome sequence and amino acid sequence homology searches from the Uniprot database (up000002418). Results have led to the identification of at least three structural proteins associated with MAC-1 phage genome. They are: capsid protein (~55,000-daltons); spike protein (~22,000-daltons) and a low molecular weight DNA binding protein (~4000-dal- tons). In addition, two other minor proteins were tentatively identified as replicative and scaffold proteins based on two to three unique peptides from mass spectrometry data. However, other proteins coded (ORFs) by phage genome remain to be identified.
Pain Provocation and Disc Deterioration by Age: A CT/Discography Study in a Low-Back Pain Population

The computed tomography (CT)/discograms and discographic pain provocation reports of 291 clinical patients, 790 discs (mean age, 38; range, 17-79) were collected. The CT/discograms were classified separating anular disruption and degeneration and recording the pain provoked during discography as no pain, dissimilar, similar, or exact reproduction of the patient's clinical pain. Nondegenerated discs usually were found to be painless, and deteriorated discs painful. The proportion of severely degenerated but painless discs increased with age, as did the discs producing dissimilar pain. This may help explain the poor correlation of low-back pain with radiographic degenerative changes reported in previous epidemiologic studies.
Essential‐Oil Variability in Natural Populations of Pinus mugo Turra from the Julian Alps

The composition and variability of the terpenes and their derivatives isolated from the needles of a representative pool of 114 adult trees originating from four natural populations of dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) from the Julian Alps were investigated by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. In total, 54 of the 57 detected essential‐oil components were identified. Among the different compound classes present in the essential oils, the chief constituents belonged to the monoterpenes, comprising an average content of 79.67% of the total oil composition (74.80% of monoterpene hydrocarbons and 4.87% of oxygenated monoterpenes). Sesquiterpenes were present in smaller amounts (average content of 19.02%), out of which 16.39% were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and 2.62% oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The most abundant components in the needle essential oils were the monoterpenes δ‐car‐3‐ene, β‐phellandrene, α‐pinene, β‐myrcene, and β‐pinene and the sesquiterpene β‐caryophyllene. From the total data set of 57 detected compounds, 40 were selected for principal‐component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA), and cluster analysis (CA). The overlap tendency of the four populations suggested by PCA, was as well observed by DA. CA also demonstrated similarity among the populations, which was the highest between Populations I and II.
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase in Swiss 3T3 Cells Requires Protein Kinase C and a Pertussis Toxin-sensitive G Protein (*)

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is a potent mitogen for Swiss 3T3 cells, but the signaling mechanisms involved are poorly characterized. Here, we report that addition of SPC induces a rapid and transient activation of p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p42MAPK) in these cells. SPC-induced p42MAPK activation peaked at 5 min and was undetectable after 30 min of incubation with SPC. The effect of SPC on p42MAPK activation was comparable to that induced by bombesin and platelet-derived growth factor. As SPC strongly induced phosphorylation of the major protein kinase C (PKC) substrate 80K/MARCKS in either intact or permeabilized cells, we examined whether PKC could be involved in SPC-induced p42MAPK activation. Here, we demonstrate that p42MAPK activation by SPC was dependent on PKC activity as shown by inhibition of PKC with the bisindolylmaleimide GF 109203X or down-regulation of PKC by prolonged treatment of Swiss 3T3 cells with phorbol esters. Activation of both PKC and p42MAPK by SPC was markedly inhibited by treatment with pertussis toxin, implicating a G protein(s) of the Gi/Go subfamily in the action of SPC. SPC-induced rapid activation of a downstream target of p42MAPK, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90rsk), also required PKC and a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. In addition, SPC-induced mitogenesis was dependent on a Gi protein in Swiss 3T3 cells. SPC also induced p42MAPK activation and DNA synthesis in secondary cultures of mouse embryo fibroblasts through a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. As G proteins link many cell surface receptors to effector proteins, we hypothesize, therefore, that SPC could bind to a receptor that mediates at least some of its biological effects in Swiss 3T3 cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts.
Spontaneous Polarization Reversal in Multiferroic Mn0.85Co0.15WO4 Induced by an External Magnetic Field

The multiferroic properties of Mn0.85Co0. 15WO4 are studied in magnetic fields oriented along the monoclinic c-axis. A spontaneous sign reversal of the ferroelectric polarization is observed upon decreasing temperature if cooled in a constant magnetic field. This unusual phenomenon is explained by the coexistence of different multiferroic phases with conical and spiral spin structures. These phases form domains which contribute to the electrical polarization in different temperature ranges. The sign reversal of the polarization is explained by an analysis of the contributions from the different domains to the net value of the polarization. It is concluded that the spiral and conical magnetic orders in neighboring domains are strongly coupled leading to the preservation of the spin chirality across the domain walls.
Aquaporin‐4 gene deletion in mice increases focal edema associated with staphylococcal brain abscess

Brain abscess is associated with local vasogenic edema, which leads to increased intracranial pressure and significant morbidity. Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is a water channel expressed in astroglia at the blood–brain and brain–CSF barriers. To investigate the role of AQP4 in brain abscess‐associated edema, live Staphylococcus aureus (105 colony‐forming units) was injected into the striatum to create a focal abscess. Wild‐type and AQP4‐deficient mice had comparable immune responses as measured by brain abscess volume (∼ 3.7 mm3 at 3 days), bacterial count and cytokine levels in brain homogenates. Blood–brain barrier permeability was increased comparably in both groups as assessed by extravasation of Evans blue dye. However, at 3 days the AQP4 null mice had significantly higher intracranial pressure (mean ± SEM 27 ± 2 vs. 17 ± 2 mmHg; p < 0.001) and brain water content (81.0 ± 0.3 vs. 79.3 ± 0.5 % water by weight in the abscess‐containing hemisphere; p < 0.01) than wild‐type mice. Reactive astrogliosis was found throughout the abscess‐containing hemisphere; however, only a subset of astrocytes in the peri‐abscess region of wild‐type mice had increased AQP4 immunoreactivity. Our findings demonstrate a protective effect of AQP4 on brain swelling in bacterial abscess, suggesting that AQP4 induction may reduce vasogenic edema associated with cerebral infection.
Studies upon the relationship between baroreceptor and sympathetic activity.

Simultaneous recordings of sympathetic activity in the right inferior cardiac nerve, and of baroreceptor activity in the common carotid baroreceptor nerve were made in cats with an isolated common carotid artery and sinus area. The effect of the change from non-pulsatile to pulsatile sinus pressure was to impose a rhythm synchronous with the pump upon sympathetic activity. The changes in amplitude of sympathetic activity were investigated. The inhibition of sympathetic activity by carotid traction was used to identify sympathetic fibres. The baroreceptor-sympathetic reflex delay was of the order of 200 m/sec. thus providing a beat to beat control of cardiac activity.
The Utility of Peritoneal Biopsy and Omentectomy in the Upstaging of Apparent Early Ovarian Cancer

Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this study is that routine blind peritoneal biopsies performed during the surgical staging of apparent early ovarian cancers rarely influence final cancer stage and thus are of little benefit to staging. Few studies have been done examining this question of whether the biopsies of grossly normal-appearing peritoneal tissue are of benefit to the surgical staging procedure. Methods: Operative and pathology reports from 122 patients with early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer staged by gynecologic oncologists at Barnes-Jewish Hospital from 1995 to 2009 were reviewed. All had full surgical staging resulting in a final stage of IA to IIIA. The operative findings were assessed to determine how frequently the peritoneal biopsies upstaged the cancer. Other findings including age, grade, histological type, and preoperative CA-125 were assessed. Results: The median age of the patients was 53 years (range, 23-81 years). The distribution of cancer types was endometrioid (42), serous (23), clear cell (19), mucinous (16), and mixed or other (22). The most frequent stage was IC (n = 50; 41%), followed by IA (n = 40; 33%). A total of 19 patients had positive peritoneal biopsies (16%). Of these, only 6 (5%) were microscopically positive, or from normal-appearing tissue. Five (4%) of these 6 subjects were upstaged by the random peritoneal biopsies alone. Five (4%) of the patients had microscopic metastases to the omentum, 4 (3%) of whom were upstaged by this finding alone. One patient had both microscopic peritoneal and omental disease. Conclusions: Although the rate of microscopic metastases to peritoneal tissue is low, random peritoneal biopsies are still indicated in early-stage disease owing to the low morbidity of the procedure and a small but present possibility of upstaging and altered management. Furthermore, systematic peritoneal biopsies ensure careful palpation and examination of all surfaces.
Accurate diagnosis of conformal arrays from near-field data using the matrix method

The matrix method for array diagnosis is based on the reconstruction of the excitation from measured near-field data by solving the linear system relating the excitation coefficients to the field at the measurement points. In this paper the matrix method is applied to the diagnosis of element failures in high-performance conformal array radar. The results confirm the usefulness of this technique in the cases wherein the standard backward propagation technique cannot be applied.
Critical interfaces of the Ashkin–Teller model at the parafermionic point

We present an extensive study of interfaces defined in the Z4 spin lattice representation of the Ashkin–Teller (AT) model. In particular, we numerically compute the fractal dimensions of boundary and bulk interfaces at the Fateev–Zamolodchikov point. This point is a special point on the self-dual critical line of the AT model and it is described in the continuum limit by the parafermionic theory. Extending on previous analytical and numerical studies, we point out the existence of three different values of fractal dimensions which characterize different kind of interfaces. We argue that this result may be related to the classification of primary operators of the parafermionic algebra. The scenario emerging from the studies presented here is expected to unveil general aspects of geometrical objects of the critical AT model, and thus of c = 1 critical theories in general.
Multicenter clinical evaluation of the (1-->3) beta-D-glucan assay as an aid to diagnosis of fungal infections in humans.

BACKGROUND Measurement of (1-->3)-beta-D-Glucan (BG) has emerged as an adjunct diagnostic strategy for invasive fungal infections (IFI). METHODS Subjects at 6 clinical sites in the United States were enrolled as either fungal infection-negative subjects (n = 170) or subjects with proven or probable IFI according to European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria (n = 163). A central laboratory and 4 sites performed assays. A single sample was obtained per patient and was evaluated using an assay to detect serum BG derived from fungal cell walls (range, 0 to > 7000 pg/mL). RESULTS At a cutoff of 60 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 69.9% and 87.1%, respectively, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 83.8% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 75.1%. At a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 64.4% and 92.4%, respectively, with a PPV of 89% and an NPV of 73%. Of the 107 patients with proven candidiasis, 81.3% had positive results at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL, and 77.6% had positive results at a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL. Of the 10 patients with aspergillosis, 80% had positive results at cutoff values of 60 and 80 pg/mL. The 3 subjects diagnosed with Fusarium species had positive results at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL. Patients infected with Mucor or Rhizopus species (both of which lack BG) had negative results at both cutoff values, and of the 12 patients with Cryptococcus infection, 3 had positive results at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL, and 2 had positive results at a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL. Of the subjects with proven positive results who were receiving antifungal therapy (n = 118), 72.9% had results positive for BG at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL, and 69.5% had results positive for BG at a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL. The interlaboratory sample test r2 was 0.93. CONCLUSION Reproducible assay results with high specificity and high PPV in a multicenter setting demonstrate that use of an assay to detect serum BG derived from fungal cell walls is a useful diagnostic adjunct for IFI.
The function of tight junctions in maintaining differences in lipid composition between the apical and the basolateral cell surface domains of MDCK cells.

Tight junctions in epithelial cells have been postulated to act as barriers inhibiting lateral diffusion of lipids and proteins between the apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains. To study the fence function of the tight junction in more detail, we have fused liposomes containing the fluorescent phospholipid N‐Rh‐PE into the apical plasma membrane of MDCK cells. Liposome fusion was induced by low pH and mediated by the influenza virus hemagglutinin, which was expressed on the apical cell surface after viral infection. Redistribution of N‐Rh‐PE to the basolateral surface, monitored at 0 degree C by fluorescence microscopy, appeared to be dependent on the transbilayer orientation of the fluorescent lipids in the plasma membrane. Asymmetric liposomes containing over 85% of the N‐Rh‐PE in the external bilayer leaflet, as shown by a phospholipase A2 assay, were generated by octyl beta‐D‐glucoside dialysis. When these asymmetric liposomes were fused with the apical plasma membrane, fluorescent lipid did not move to the basolateral side. Symmetric liposomes which contained the marker in both leaflets were obtained by freeze‐thawing asymmetric liposomes or by reverse‐phase evaporation. Upon fusion of these with the apical membrane, redistribution to the basolateral membrane occurred immediately. Redistribution could be observed with asymmetric liposomes only when the tight junctions were opened by incubation in a Ca2+‐free medium. During the normal experimental manipulations the tight junctions remained intact since a high trans‐epithelial electrical resistance was maintained over the cell monolayer. We conclude that the tight junction acts as a diffusion barrier for the fluorescent phospholipid N‐Rh‐PE in the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane but not in the cytoplasmic leaflet.