Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROCESSING ALGORITHMS 1 1 2 3 4 5 Evaluating Motion Processing Algorithms for Use with Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy 6 Data from Young Children 7 8 9 10

53 Motion artifacts are often a significant component of the measured signal in functional near54 infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) experiments. A variety of methods have been proposed to address 55 this issue, including principal component analyses (PCA), correlation-based signal improvement 56 (CBSI), wavelet filtering, and spline interpolation. The efficacy of these techniques has been 57 compared using simulated data; however, our understanding of how these techniques fare when 58 dealing with task-based cognitive data is limited. Brigadoi et al. (2014) compared motion 59 correction techniques in a sample of adult data measured during a simple cognitive task. Wavelet 60 filtering showed the most promise as an optimal technique for motion correction. Given that 61 fNIRS is often used with infants and young children, it is critical to evaluate the effectiveness of 62 motion correction techniques directly with data from these age groups. This study addresses that 63 problem by evaluating motion correction algorithms implemented in HomER2. The efficacy of 64 each technique was compared quantitatively using objective metrics related to the physiological 65 properties of the hemodynamic response. Results showed that targeted PCA (tPCA), Spline, and 66 CBSI retained a higher number of trials. These techniques also performed well in direct head-to67 head comparisons with the other approaches using quantitative metrics. The CBSI method 68 corrected many of the artifacts present in our data; however, this approach produced sometimes 69 unstable HRFs. The targeted PCA and Spline methods proved to be the most robust, performing 70 well across all comparison metrics. When compared head-to-head, tPCA consistently 71 outperformed Spline. We conclude, therefore, that tPCA is an effective technique for correcting 72 motion artifacts in fNIRS data from young children. 73
3-D-geocoronal hydrogen density derived from TWINS Ly-α-data

Abstract. Based on Ly-α-line-of-sight measurements taken with two Ly-α detectors onboard of the satellite TWINS1 (Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers) density profiles of the exospheric, neutral geocoronal hydrogen were derived for the time period between summer solstice and fall equinox 2008. With the help of specifically developed inversion programs from Ly-α line of sight intensities the three-dimensional density structure of the geocoronal hydrogen at geocentric distances r>3 RE could be derived for the period mentioned characterized by very low solar 10.7 cm radiofluxes of ≈65–70 [10−22 W m−2 Hz−1]. The time-variable, solar "line-centered"-Ly-α-flux was extracted on the basis of daily (terrestrial) NGDC 10.7 cm radioflux data using the models from Barth et al. (1990) and Vidal-Madjar (1975). The results for the geocoronal H-densities are compared here both with theoretical calculations based on a Monte-Carlo model by Hodges (1994) and with density profiles obtained with the Geocoronal Imager (GEO) by Ostgaard and Mende (2003). In our results we find a remarkably more pronounced day-/night-side asymmetry which clearly hints to the existence of a hydrogen geotail (i.e. a tail structure with comparatively higher hydrogen densities on the night side of the earth for geocenctric distances >4 RE), and a only weakly pronounced polar depletion. These unexpected features we try to explain by new models in the near future. The derived 3-D-H-density structures are able to explain the line-of-sight (LOS) dependent Ly-α intensity variations for all LOS seen up to now with TWINS-LAD. The presented results are valid for the region with geocentric distances 3 RE
The effects of drying and reflooding on nutrient release from wetland sediments

This paper discusses the implications of drying and flooding effects on nutrient release from sediments in wetlands. It discusses the role of sediment properties, phosphorus and nitrogen transformations, carbon cycling, drawdown and macrophyte control, and modelling. Finally, comments on management issues are made. In summary: Drying and refilling cause substantial changes in water quality. The effect depends on 1. Sediment properties (sediment composition; nutrient and organic content); 2. type of drawdown (gravity or evaporative); 3. severity of drying (proportion of drying area, rate of drawdown, degree of dewatering, temperature and time of sediment drying and weathering); 4. conditions of refilling (origin of water, degree of sediment disturbance). Sediment properties are the key to physical, chemical and biological changes during drying and reflooding, as they affect nutrient transformations and exchange between sediment and water. Changes may include particle aggregation and sediment consolidation, phosphorus adsorption and desorption; organic degradation, nitrogen transformation, and stimulation of microbial processes. Phosphorus transformations in sediments during drawdown depend on many factors. There is a higher probability of stimulating phosphorus release than of reducing phosphorus concentration during the reflooding of dried sediments, particularly in organic-rich wetlands. Stimulation of phosphorus release and algal production is most likely to result from an evaporative drawdown event. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (ammonia and nitrate) often increase during or after drawdown, although the effect may be short-term. Such release has the potential to stimulate N-limited algal blooms. Drawdown has been used effectively in controlling macrophytes. The levels of sediment dewatering, freezing or hot climate conditions generally determine the levels of macrophyte reduction. However, control of macrophytes is often species specific. The elimination of macrophytes may increase the probability of algal blooms.
Needs Experienced and services received according to mild brain injury patients and families

Objective: the project sought to document the perceptions and points of view of the MTBI patient, their family and the professionals about their experience. Methodology: This qualitative pilot project was realized with focus groups with MTBI persons, family members and professionals. Results: The results show the needs of MTBI patients and their families with regards to their difficulties in obtaining appropriate information, family support, services to answer their needs and ease social integration. Conclusion: This pilot study enabled us to compile a profile of the subjective perception of the actors involved with respect to the needs of the MTBI clientele, the care and services received and their efficacy as viewed subjectively. Keywords : mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), needs, services.
The Relationship Between The Levels Of Folate , Vitamin B 12 , B 6 And Homocysteine Among Reproductive Young Women Who Are Smokers And Non-Smokers

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the relation between the smoking status and serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and homocysteine in smoker and non-smoker women in fertile period in this study. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study 125 smoker and 125 non-smoker healthy women who were 18–29 years old were included in the study and two groups were similar for age, height and weight. Serum folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and homocysteine levels were determined. By application of a standard questionnaire to all participants, exposure to tobacco smoke and socio-demographic status was recorded. Results: Serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were 11.11±4.15 and 11.75±5.00 nmol/L in smoker and non-smoker women and vitamin B12 levels were 317.13±110.88, 337.28±111.77 pmol/L, respectively (p=0.273, p=0.154). Vitamin B6 levels were 10.31±8.74 and 13.09±7.98 ng/mL in smoker and non-smoker women, respectively and significantly lower in smoker women (p=0.009). Homocysteine concentrations were measured as 11.29±3.27 and 11.09±3.54 μmol/L in smoker and non-smoker women, respectively (p=0.649). A significant negative correlation was found between smoking status and vitamin B6 concentrations (r=-0.165, p=0.009). Conclusion: In order to maintain normal pregnancy and have healthy generations, supporting young women for giving up smoking in reproductive period is important. Although cessation of smoking is the ideal objective, it is not always attainable. Therefore, some laboratory tests should be performed, detailed information should be given and folate, vitamin B12 and B6 supplementations must be prescribed if necessary for young women in reproductive period.
Current addre of inbreeding and pollen donor provenance and diversity on offspring performance under environmental stress in the rare plant Cochlearia bavarica

Habitat degradation and loss can reduce size and genetic variability of natural populations, increasing individual homozygosity and average relatedness between individuals. While the resulting inbreeding depression may be reduced by natural selection under prevailing environmental conditions, it may increase again under environmental stress. To investigate the effect of environmental stress on offspring performance and maternal plants in plants, n 1⁄4 5) of t offspring under e reduced supply). In to population size, plants were pollin nine donors from plant was exposed over 300 days. Of maternal plants. However, there wa more negatively a between-populatio population pollinat
HOME OWNERSHIP & UNEMPLOYMENT : A Panel Data Study on Australia

Home ownership has for long been welcomed and subsidized across most Western countries. Earlier macro studies on the linkages between home ownership rates and unemployment rates have shown a fairly strong support of the Oswald hypothesis. However, these results have been contradicted by micro level evidence on the topic. In this paper the Oswald hypothesis will be analysed by conducting a panel data study on Australia. Earlier methodological issues of endogenous home ownership rates will be reduced by using instrumental variables methods to partly control for the issues that have shed doubt in earlier findings. The obtained results are in support of the Oswald hypothesis, and indicate that a 1 % increase in home ownership rates are followed by an increase of 0.1 0.3 % in unemployment rates. The paper also finds evidence of a strong link between trade union membership rates and unemployment rates. The results implicate that a 1 % increase in the trade union membership rate is followed by a 0.15 0.25 % increase in unemployment rates. No matter what mechanisms lie behind the findings it is sufficing to say that economies benefit from a highly mobile workforce and that housing markets that are not flexible enough will prevent workers’ to be mobile and move to where the jobs are.
Stature Reconstruction from Percutaneous Anthropometry of Long Bones of Upper Extremity of Nigerians in the University of Lagos

Anthropometric databases are essential in biological profiling. Stature reconstruction could play an integral role in helping forensic anthropologists in establishing the identity of human remains at crime and/or disaster scenes. This study aimed to derive simple and multiple linear regression equations for reconstruction of stature from upper limb segments in a living adult Nigerian population. The sample included 230 adult medical students at the University of Lagos, Nigeria (100 males and 130 females), aged 18 to 36 years. Direct anthropometric methods were employed to measure all variables. Stature, arm and forearm lengths were measured. Results showed a strong positive correlation between long bones and stature ( p < 0.01). Both simple and multiple regression equations were derived and showed low standard errors of estimate and high coefficients of determination (R2). This study presents a simple and reliable approach to predict stature, which may help forensic scientists in disaster victim identification and in medico-legal jurisprudence.
The impact of militancy on SMEs in developing countries: a case of the Niger Delta of Nigeria

This study aims at understanding the impact of militancy on SMEs in developing countries with the Niger Delta conflict as a case in point. The study was conducted using a qualitative methodology involving in-depth, semi-structured interviews in eight case study companies and four key informants. The findings suggest that violent agitations have resulted in severe adverse impact such as closures, loss of business opportunities, insecurity and disruptions on oil and gas related SMEs as well as other generic groups of SMEs in the area. The costs of the conflict varied according to business size and sector. The findings also suggest that SMEs responded indirectly to the violent conflict, collaborating with other organisations and other SMEs rather than working alone. The study contributes to the argument that there is a significant association between economic growth and development and the reduction of violent conflict. The implications of these findings along with the limitations of the study are discussed.
SCREENING OF TOMATO GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE TO TOMATO FRUIT BORER (HELICOVERPA ARMIGER HUBNER) IN PAKISTAN

Tomato genotypes viz., Roma Local, Rio Grande, Tanja, Chico III, Long Tipped, RedTop, FS-8001, FS-8002, Tropic, Pakit, Peelo, NARC-1, Roma VFN, Pant Bahr, Ebein, Nova Mech, Rockingham, Nagina, Shalkot-96, Pomodoro, Manik, Gressilesse, Nadir, Early Mech, Tommy, Pusha Rubi, Tropic boy, Big Long, Sahil, Sun 6002, Money-Maker and Royesta were evaluated to screen out the suitable resistamt/susceptible genotypes against the fruit borer in Pakistan. The results imparted that the percentage of fruit infestation and larval population per plant on tested genotypes of tomato varied significantly. Roma VF, NARC-1 and FS-8002 were categorized as susceptible genotypes with fruit infestation (37.69%, 37.08% and 36.41%, respectively) and larval population per plant (1.02%, 1.02% and 0.84 %, respectively). Whereas, the genotypes Sahil, Pakit and Nova Mecb had fruit infestation (12.30%, 13.14% and 13.96%, respectively) and larval population per plant (0.42%, 0.42% and 0.43%, respectively) and declared as resistant genotypes to tomato fruit borer. Lower values of host plant susceptibility indices (HPSI) were recorded on resistant genotypes. Sahil, Pakit and Nova Mecb could be used as a source of resistance for developing tomato genotypes resistant to tomato fruit borer.
Investigating the Impact of Strategic Orientations for Organizations and Information Systems on Performance (Profitability, Satisfaction)

The study aims to measure the impact of strategic orientations for organization on the financial performance (profitability) and the performance of information systems (satisfaction) for the Jordanian insurance companies. A particular questionnaire has been developed for the study and distributed to (227) executive managers. Study results confirm that organizational strategies have an impact on financial performance but they did not impact the performance of information systems. The study also confirmed that the strategic orientations for information systems have an impact on both of profitability and satisfaction. Keywords: organizational strategies, information system strategies, analyzer's strategy, prospector's strategy, and defender's strategy.
Beneficiary contact moderates relationship between authentic leadership and engagement

Orientation: Beneficiary contact moderates the relationship between authentic leadership and work engagement. Research purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the moderating effect of the breadth, depth and frequency of employee interaction with the beneficiaries of their work on the positive impact of authentic leadership on work engagement. Motivation for the study: Investigating the boundary conditions of the relationship between leaders and followers is vital to enhance the positive effect of leadership. Authentic leadership has not previously been examined with respect to beneficiary contact as a specific situational factor. The researchers therefore set out to ascertain whether beneficiary contact has a strengthening or weakening effect on the impact of authentic leadership on work engagement. Research design, approach and method: The researchers administered the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and Grant’s scale on Beneficiary Contact. Main findings: The findings showed that beneficiary contact had a weakening effect on the positive relationship between authentic leadership and work engagement. Practical/managerial implications: Ideally, organisations create environments conducive to work engagement in which leadership plays an important role. This study found that one factor in the work environment, namely beneficiary contact, might have an adverse effect on the positive relationship that authentic leadership has on work engagement. Leaders should therefore take organisational contextual realities into account, such as regular, intense interaction of employees with the beneficiaries of their work. This situation could create strain for individual employees, requiring additional organisational support. Contribution/value-add: Organisations need to recognise the impact of beneficiary contact on the relationship between authentic leadership and work engagement. The researchers propose further studies on the influence of contextual variables on the relationship between leaders and followers.
Unsteady Hydromagnetic Natural Convection Couette Flow through a Vertical Channel in the Presence of Thermal Radiation under an Exponentially Decaying Pressure Gradient with Viscous and Joule Dissipation Effects Using Galerkin's Finite Element Method

This paper examines the unsteady hydromagnetic free convection Couette flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid in the presence of thermal radiation and an exponentially decaying pressure gradient. The applied uniform magnetic field is perpendicular to the plates and is assumed to be fixed relative to the moving plate. The momentum equation considers buoyancy forces, while the energy equation considers the effects of thermal radiation and viscous and Joule dissipations. The fluid is considered to be a gray absorbing-emitting but non-scattering medium in the optically thick limit. The radiative heat flux is described by the Rosseland approximation in the energy equation. The Galerkin finite element method is used to discretize the coupled pair of non-linear partial differential equations. The resulting system of non-linear algebraic equations is solved using an iterative method to obtain the velocity and temperature distributions. The effects of radiation parameter Rd, Grashof number Gr, magnetic parameter H, Prandtl number Pr and Eckert number Ec on both the velocity and temperature distributions are investigated.
Demand analyses of rice in Malaysia ( John )

As a typical developing Asian county, the growth in per capita income generally brings to diversification in Malaysians food basket. The most significant observation is the falling in per capita consumption of rice with continuous growth of demand for wheat based products. The objective of this study is to estimate the demand elasticities of rice in Malaysia, focusing whether rice is an inferior good. By using data from Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005, this study obtains demand elasticities of rice, as well as for other 11 food items via Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) and Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). The empirical results indicate that income elasticity of demand for rice (0.7104) is the highest compared to other food items in the LA/AIDS model, while income elasticity of demand for wheat (0.5087) is higher than rice (0.4712). Both of the income elasticities of demand for rice suggest that rice is not an inferior good in Malaysia. However, by comparing both estimates of demand elasticities and adjusted Rs, the QUAIDS model provides more plausible results than the LA/AIDS model.
Anaerobiospirillum, a New Genus of Spiral-Shaped Bacteria

Three strains of an anaerobic spiral-shaped bacterium that possessed tufts of bipolar flagella were isolated from beagle dogs. The organisms are gram negative and saccharolytic and produce mainly acetic and succinic acids from glucose. The cells of these strains do not contain spores or axial fibrils. The isolates do not fit any described genus or species of anaerobic spiral-shaped bacteria. The generic name Anaerobiospirillum gen. nov. is proposed for the isolates; at present, the genus contains only one species, the type species Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens sp. nov. A. succinciproducens strain S411 (= ATCC 29305) is designated as the type strain of the species. The guanine plus cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid of the type strain is 44 mol%.
EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL FLORA CHANGES IN BENZO (A) PYRENE INDUCED PULMONARY CARCINOMA IN Mus musculus

This study mainly focused on to screen normal micro bial flora changes in benzo (a) pyrene induced pulm onary carcinoma in Mus musculus . Benzo (a) pyrene is an important environmental ca rcinogenic chemical which cause number of health problems including lung cancer in human. In this present investigation there are nume rous changes have been observed in normal microbial flora and ne wly invaded microbe in the animals subjected to lun g cancer research. From our examination twenty three differe nt bacterial species, three fungal species and four yeast species have been recorded. There was no normal flora changes have acquired in control and the animal treated with an extract of Acanthus ilicifolius L. which is an important mangrove associate. And sl ight changes with minimum microbial load only acquired in the root and root c allus extract treated animals pretreated with benzo (a) pyrene, may be due to apoptosis. Extreme changes and maximum microbial load was observed from benzo (a) pyrene-tre ated animals. Hence the study concluded that correlation between the microbial load and environmental carci nogens induced cell proliferation, microbial load was grad ually decreased along with the animal recovery trea ted with Acanthus ilicifolius L extract.
Investigation of thin film thermal transport using micro-Raman thermometry and tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Srinivasan, Mithun M.S.M.E, Purdue University, December 2016. Investigation of Thin Film Thermal Transport using Micro-Raman Thermometry and Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy . Major Professor: Xianfan Xu, School of Mechanical Engineering. In recent years, a steady increase in the need for packing more energy in smaller devices had driven the need for better understanding of thermal transport in thin films and designing methods to manipulate them. This can be attributed as the reason for numerous efforts made in the past decade to achieve measurement resolution at nanoscale. Such techniques can help us in understanding the thermal conductivity of thin films which can result in an improved performance of these devices. The temperature probing technique must be non-invasive to avoid damaging the vulnerable thin films, fast to study the energy transport and should high reliability. In this work, a thermal measurement system based on Raman spectroscopy is described in detail. The micro-Raman thermometer provides a non-contact, optical and reliable method to measure thermal conductivity of thin films. Thermal conductivity of thin films of two-dimensional materials and topological insulators were determined. Bismuth-Antimony-Telluride-Selenide material group was studied in detail because of high figure of merit,ZT value in room temperature and effect of topological surface state at thin films. The bulk electron thermal conductivity of Bi0.1Sb1. 9Te3 alloy was determined. The Lorenz number for the thermoelectric material was extracted by measuring samples with varied electrical conductivity. The change in thermal conductivity of Bi2Te2Se with respect to thickness was evaluated which showed an enhanced thermal conductivity as thickness reduces. To improve the spatial resolution of the micro-Raman thermometer, the Raman spectrometer was combined with an atomic force microscope to provide a side-