Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DO RESULTADO CLÍNICO-FUNCIONAL DO TRATAMENTO DAS FRATURAS-LUXAÇÕES DA ARTICULAÇÃO DE LISFRANC

Objetivo: Analisar o resultado clínico-funcional do tratamento das fraturas-luxações agudas da articulação tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) e estabelecer os fatores prognósticos, a médio prazo, destas lesões. Material e métodos: Vinte e um pacientes (21 pés), todos vítimas de traumatismos no médio pé com fratura-luxação de Lisfranc, foram reavaliados após tempo médio de seguimento de 71 meses. Doze pacientes eram do sexo masculino (57%) e nove do feminino (43%). A média de idade, no momento do trauma, foi de 26 anos (variando de cinco a 48 anos). Os traumas causados por alta energia foram os mais freqüentes, ocorrendo em cerca de 86% dos casos. A redução aberta, seguida da fixação interna, foi empregada em 17 pés (81%) e o tratamento incruento, em quatro (19%). Imobilização com bota gessada foi utilizada durante 12 semanas e, em seguida, iniciou-se fisioterapia. Resultados: A pontuação média, segundo a escala AOFAS para médio pé, foi de 83 pontos (variando de 53 a 100). A dor residual foi o sintoma mais freqüente, presente em 12 dos 21 pés (58%), com inABSTRACT
Short-term dynamics of evaporative enrichment of xylem water in woody stems: implications for ecohydrology

In ecohydrology, it is generally assumed that xylem water reflects the water source used by plants. Several studies have reported isotopic enrichment within woody tissues, particularly during dormancy periods or after long periods of inactivity. However, little is known about the short-term dynamics of this process. Here we assessed the magnitude and dynamics of xylem isotopic enrichment in suberized twigs of pines and oaks. We performed a series of laboratory experiments, in which we monitored hourly changes in water content and isotopic composition under two contrasting scenarios of sap flow restriction. First, we simulated the effect of extreme hydraulic failure by excising twigs to restrict sap flow, while sealing the wounds to ensure that water loss took place only through the leaves or bark, as would be the case for evaporation in attached stems. Second, we studied the effect of reduced leaf transpiration by darkening with aluminium foil all the leaves of healthy, well-watered saplings growing in pot conditions. We found evidence of fast evaporative enrichment in metabolically active stems, as a consequence of a temporal decline in sap flow rates, and not necessarily linked to a traceable decline in stem water content. The excision experiments showed significant isotopic changes (~+1‰ in oxygen) appearing in <1 h. Similarly, the pot experiment showed a progressive increase in isotope composition (up to +8‰ in oxygen in a 3-day cycle) when the leaves were covered, and a rapid recovery to initial values when sap flow rates were re-established. We conclude that evaporative enrichment of xylem water in stems is a highly dynamic process that may have significant effects even during short periods of restricted water flow. This has important implications for the study of plant water uptake, as well as for ecosystem- and global-scale hydrological models.
Tubulation of Endosomal Structures in Human Dendritic Cells by Toll-like Receptor Ligation and Lymphocyte Contact Accompanies Antigen Cross-presentation*

Background: Mouse dendritic cells can transform their vesicular late endosomes into long tubules, essential for MHC Class II transport. Results: In human dendritic cells, late endosome tubules are induced by TLR ligation, and for recycling endosomes additional T cell-mediated ICAM-1 and MHC Class I ligation. Tubulation accompanies antigen cross-presentation. Conclusion: Human dendritic cells transform endosomal compartments upon distinct triggers. Significance: Induced endosomal tubules regulate human dendritic cell functioning. Mouse dendritic cells (DCs) can rapidly extend their Class II MHC-positive late endosomal compartments into tubular structures, induced by Toll-like receptor (TLR) triggering. Within antigen-presenting DCs, tubular endosomes polarize toward antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, which are considered beneficial for their activation. Here we describe that also in human DCs, TLR triggering induces tubular late endosomes, labeled by fluorescent LDL. TLR triggering was insufficient for induced tubulation of transferrin-positive endosomal recycling compartments (ERCs) in human monocyte-derived DCs. We studied endosomal remodeling in human DCs in co-cultures of DCs with CD8+ T cells. Tubulation of ERCs within human DCs requires antigen-specific CD8+ T cell interaction. Tubular remodeling of endosomes occurs within 30 min of T cell contact and involves ligation of HLA-A2 and ICAM-1 by T cell-expressed T cell receptor and LFA-1, respectively. Disintegration of microtubules or inhibition of endosomal recycling abolished tubular ERCs, which coincided with reduced antigen-dependent CD8+ T cell activation. Based on these data, we propose that remodeling of transferrin-positive ERCs in human DCs involves both innate and T cell-derived signals.
Variation in the human bicondylar angle.

OBJECTIVES Investigations of the human femoral bicondylar angle have largely focused on interspecific differences and intrapopulation variation. This analysis assesses the range of variation in the bicondylar angle in humans across four populations, examining the effects of population, sex and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bicondylar angle was assessed in four sex- and age-balanced adult skeletal samples-modern Terry Whites and Blacks and archaeological South Dakota Arikara and Native Alaskans. The overall range of variation was assessed, and variation specific to population, sex, and age analyzed through ANOVAs and post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference tests. RESULTS A one-way ANOVA highlights a significant effect of population on bicondylar angle; however, the only significant difference occurs between the Terry White and South Dakota Arikara samples. Sex displays a significant effect for the total pooled sample; yet, within population, the effect of sex is significant only among South Dakota Arikara. Age also has a significant effect on bicondylar angle in the total sample; however, the interaction between age and population is not significant. CONCLUSION The results highlight the degree of variation in the bicondylar angle that exists intraspecifically. Differing degrees of variation due to sex suggest that sexual dimorphism is not universal in the human bicondylar angle. Furthermore, the broad impact of age on this feature is discussed, including the potential for plasticity through adulthood. By recognizing and explicitly examining morphological features that vary in human populations, we can appreciate the origins of variation and its implications for locomotor function, human diversity and evolutionary relationships. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:334-340, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas7b (Growth Arrest Specific Protein 7b) Regulates Neuronal Cell Morphology by Enhancing Microtubule and Actin Filament Assembly*

Background: Growth arrest specific protein 7b (Gas7b) protein levels are significantly reduced in the brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer disease. Results: Gas7b enhances microtubule bundling and microtubule cross-linking with the actin filament. Conclusion: Gas7b regulates neural cell morphology by altering the cytoskeletal organization. Significance: A decrease in Gas7b levels impairs neural cell function. Neurons undergo several morphological changes as a part of normal neuron maturation process. Alzheimer disease is associated with increased neuroproliferation and impaired neuronal maturation. In this study, we demonstrated that Gas7b (growth arrest specific protein 7b) expression in a neuronal cell line, Neuro 2A, induces cell maturation by facilitating formation of dendrite-like processes and/or filopodia projections and that Gas7b co-localizes with neurite microtubules. Molecular analysis was performed to evaluate whether Gas7b associates with actin filaments and microtubules, and the data revealed two novel roles of Gas7b in neurite outgrowth: we showed that Gas7b enhances bundling of several microtubule filaments and connects microtubules with actin filaments. These results suggest that Gas7b governs neural cell morphogenesis by enhancing the coordination between actin filaments and microtubules. We conclude that lower neuronal Gas7b levels may impact Alzheimer disease progression.
Cardiomyopathy Mutations in the Tail of β-Cardiac Myosin Modify the Coiled-coil Structure and Affect Integration into Thick Filaments in Muscle Sarcomeres in Adult Cardiomyocytes*

Background: It is unclear how mutations in the coiled-coil tail of β-cardiac myosin cause heart disease. Results: Effects of disease-causing mutations in the myosin tail were studied in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Mutations that reduce helical content in vitro reduce sarcomere incorporation of myosin in vivo. Significance: A change in myosin tail structure can lead to heart disease. It is unclear why mutations in the filament-forming tail of myosin heavy chain (MHC) cause hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy as these mutations should not directly affect contraction. To investigate this, we first investigated the impact of five hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing (N1327K, E1356K, R1382W, E1555K, and R1768K) and one dilated cardiomyopathy-causing (R1500W) tail mutations on their ability to incorporate into muscle sarcomeres in vivo. We used adenoviral delivery to express full-length wild type or mutant enhanced GFP-MHC in isolated adult cardiomyocytes. Three mutations (N1327K, E1356K, and E1555K) reduced enhanced GFP-MHC incorporation into muscle sarcomeres, whereas the remainder had no effect. No mutations significantly affected contraction. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching showed that fluorescence recovery for the mutation that incorporated least well (N1327K) was significantly faster than that of WT with half-times of 25.1 ± 1.8 and 32.2 ± 2.5 min (mean ± S.E.), respectively. Next, we determined the effects of each mutation on the helical properties of wild type and seven mutant peptides (7, 11, or 15 heptads long) from the myosin tail by circular dichroism. R1382W and E1768K slightly increased the α-helical nature of peptides. The remaining mutations reduced α-helical content, with N1327K showing the greatest reduction. Only peptides containing residues 1301–1329 were highly α-helical suggesting that this region helps in initiation of coiled coil. These results suggest that small effects of mutations on helicity translate into a reduced ability to incorporate into sarcomeres, which may elicit compensatory hypertrophy.
Contribution of goats to livelihood security of small ruminant farmers in semiarid region

The study examines importance and role of goats as source of milk and income for rural poor. It is based on primary data collected from 262 goat keeping households of semiarid parts of Uttar Pradesh (irrigated) and Rajasthan (un-irrigated). The goats were found to have contributed significantly to family’s’ livelihood security. The families of goat keepers had access to goat milk for a period of about 190 to 264 days in a year. The net annual income was estimated to be Rs. 1302 to Rs. 1873 per goat per annum. The goats alone contributed 49 to 86 per cent to the households’ total income. The paper also highlights the advantages of goat milk.
Structure and Function of the Peanut Panallergen Ara h 8*

Background: Ara h 8 is hypothesized to be responsible for cross-reactivity between birch pollen and peanut. Results: The Ara h 8 crystal structure is very similar to Bet v 1 from birch, and it has a similar ligand-binding function. Conclusion: Ara h 8 is most likely responsible for cross-reactivity between birch pollen and peanut. Significance: A structural and functional understanding of cross-reactivity between Bet v 1 and Ara h 8 was obtained. The incidence of peanut allergy continues to rise in the United States and Europe. Whereas exposure to the major allergens Ara h 1, 2, 3, and 6 can cause fatal anaphylaxis, exposure to the minor allergens usually does not. Ara h 8 is a minor allergen. Importantly, it is the minor food allergens that are thought to be responsible for oral allergy syndrome (OAS), in which sensitization to airborne allergens causes a Type 2 allergic reaction to ingested foods. Furthermore, it is believed that similar protein structure rather than a similar linear sequence is the cause of OAS. Bet v 1 from birch pollen is a common sensitizing agent, and OAS results when patients consume certain fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, and peanuts. Here, we report the three-dimensional structure of Ara h 8, a Bet v 1 homolog. The overall fold is very similar to that of Bet v 1, Api g 1 (celery), Gly m 4 (soy), and Pru av 1 (cherry). Ara h 8 binds the isoflavones quercetin and apigenin as well as resveratrol avidly.
Dietary treatment of acute diarrhea: comparison between cow's milk and a soy formula without disaccharides.

The effects of cows milk and a soy-based formula without disaccharides on the recovery rates of hospitalized infants with acute diarrhea in Pakistan were compared. 35 infants constituted the milk-treated group and 40 infants formed the soy-formula group. Significant differences were found in duration of diarrhea (3.48 + or - 0.23 vs.6.28 + or - 0.67 days p<0.001) number of days requiring intravenous fluids )4.65 + or - 0.24 vs. 6.8 + or - 0.88 p<0.01) and length of hospital stay (10.5 + or - 0.73 vs. 12.8 + or - 1.65 days p<0.04) favoring the soy-based formula. These results can be related to the known transient deficiency in intestinal lactase during acute diarrhea; however differences in components other than carbohydrates (e.g. protein) could play a role as well. (authors modified)
One Size Does Not Fit All : Traditional and Innovative Models of Student Affairs Practice

Part One: Theoretical and Historical Foundation for Models of Student Affairs Practice Chapter One: Introduction: Models of Student Affairs Practice Chapter Two: Student Engagement and Success: Relationship to Student Affairs Models and Practice Chapter Three: Organizing Student Affairs: A Second Glance in the Rearview Mirror and a Further Look Ahead Part Two: Traditional Models of Student Affairs Practice Chapter Four: Out-of-Classroom-Centered Traditional Models Extra-curricular Model Co-curricular Chapter Five: Administratively-Centered Traditional Models Functional Silos Model Student Services Model Chapter Six: Learning-Centered Traditional Models Seamless Learning Competitive and Adversarial Part Three: Innovative Models of Student Affairs Practice Chapter Seven: Student-Centered Innovative Models Ethic of Care Student Driven Student Agency Chapter Eight: Academic Centered Innovative Models Academic-Student Affairs Collaborative Model Academic Driven Part Four: Changing and Transforming Your Student Affairs Division Chapter Nine: Catalysts and Tools for Change Chapter Ten: Redesigning Your Student Affairs Division Appendix A: DEEP Research Method Appendix B: Models of Student Affairs Practice Inventory
Polarity and Charge of the Periplasmic Loop Determine the YidC and Sec Translocase Requirement for the M13 Procoat Lep Protein*

Background: Procoat protein mutants require the Sec translocase in addition to YidC. Results: Subtle changes in the polarity of the translocated region alter the mode of insertion. Conclusion: The translocase requirement increases as the energy transfer expense of the translocated region increases. Significance: Selection of the translocase is determined by the energy barrier of translocation. During membrane biogenesis, the M13 procoat protein is inserted into the lipid bilayer in a strictly YidC-dependent manner with both the hydrophobic signal sequence and the membrane anchor sequence promoting translocation of the periplasmic loop via a hairpin mechanism. Here, we find that the translocase requirements can be altered for PClep in a predictable manner by changing the polarity and charge of the peptide region that is translocated across the membrane. When the polarity of the translocated peptide region is lowered and the charged residues in this region are removed, translocation of this loop region occurs largely by a YidC- and Sec-independent mechanism. When the polarity is increased to that of the wild-type procoat protein, the YidC insertase is essential for translocation. Further increasing the polarity, by adding charged residues, switches the insertion pathway to a YidC/Sec mechanism. Conversely, we find that increasing the hydrophobicity of the transmembrane segments of PClep can decrease the translocase requirement for translocation of the peptide chain. This study provides a framework to understand why the YidC and Sec machineries exist in parallel and demonstrates that the YidC insertase has a limited capacity to translocate a peptide chain on its own.
Development of a Membrane-anchored Chemerin Receptor Agonist as a Novel Modulator of Allergic Airway Inflammation and Neuropathic Pain*

Background: The chemerin-CMKLR1 axis modulates inflammation; ligands for CMKLR1 have short half-lives. Results: We have utilized a novel technology to develop a long-acting, high potency membrane-anchored CMKLR1 agonist. Conclusion: This ligand decreases allergic airway inflammation and neuropathic pain in mice. Significance: Our approach can be applied to develop other candidate therapeutics targeting peptide hormone receptors implicated as modulators of disease. The chemerin receptor (CMKLR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor found on select immune, epithelial, and dorsal root ganglion/spinal cord neuronal cells. CMKLR1 is primarily coupled to the inhibitory G protein, Gαi, and has been shown to modulate the resolution of inflammation and neuropathic pain. CMKLR1 is activated by both lipid and peptide agonists, resolvin E1 and chemerin, respectively. Notably, these ligands have short half-lives. To expedite the development of long acting, stable chemerin analogs as candidate therapeutics, we used membrane-tethered ligand technology. Membrane-tethered ligands are recombinant proteins comprised of an extracellular peptide ligand, a linker sequence, and an anchoring transmembrane domain. Using this technology, we established that a 9-amino acid-tethered chemerin fragment (amino acids 149–157) activates both mouse and human CMKLR1 with efficacy exceeding that of the full-length peptide (amino acids 21–157). To enable in vivo delivery of a corresponding soluble membrane anchored ligand, we generated lipidated analogs of the 9-amino acid fragment. Pharmacological assessment revealed high potency and wash resistance (an index of membrane anchoring). When tested in vivo, a chemerin SMAL decreased allergic airway inflammation and attenuated neuropathic pain in mice. This compound provides a prototype membrane-anchored peptide for the treatment of inflammatory disease. A parallel approach may be applied to developing therapeutics targeting other peptide hormone G protein-coupled receptors.
The association between cheese consumption and cardiovascular risk factors among adults.

BACKGROUND Although current dietary guidelines recommend limiting foods high in fat and saturated fat, such as high-fat dairy, the effect of cheese consumption on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors is largely unknown. METHODS Participants from a US population-based survey, NHANES III, aged 25-75 years who completed a food frequency questionnaire and had measures of body composition and cardiovascular risk factors were included (n = 10 872). Linear regression was used to compare anthropometrics, blood lipids, blood pressure and blood glucose across categories of cheese consumption (combined full and low-fat). RESULTS In women, more frequent cheese consumption was associated with higher HDL-C and lower LDL-C (p for trend, < 0.05). However, in men, more frequent cheese consumption was associated with a higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, HDL-C and LDL-C, and diastolic blood pressure (p for trend, < 0.05). Men consuming 30 + servings/month had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, and diastolic blood pressure compared to nonconsumers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS More frequent cheese consumption was associated with less favourable body composition and cardiovascular risk profile in men, but with a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile in women. However, the type of cheese consumed by men and women may have differed resulting in opposing trends on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors.
Secular changes in rates of respiratory complications and diarrhoea among measles cases.

It has been observed that the occurrence of respiratory complications and diarrhoea among measles cases has changed over time but this change has not been quantified. A study was carried out in the city of Gweru, Zimbabwe, to quantify these changes. Rates of respiratory complications and diarrhoea among measles cases were determined in each year for the period 1968-89. It was found that mean rates of respiratory complications and diarrhoea during 1968-78 were 17.2 per cent (95 per cent CI = 11.6-22.8) and 5.2 per cent (95 per cent CI = 0-11) respectively while during 1979-89, mean rates of respiratory complications and diarrhoea were 6.5 per cent (95 per cent CI = 1-12.1) and 16.4 per cent (95 per cent CI = 10.1-22.0) respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the main effects and the interaction showed that the main effects were not statistically significant (F = 0.01, d.f.1,2 = 1,40, p = 0.935; and F = 0.13, d.f.1,2 = 1,40, p = 0.725 respectively) Meanwhile the interaction term of complications and period was statistically significant (F = 15.7, d.f.1,2 = 1,40, p < 0.001). It was concluded that a change in rates of respiratory complications and diarrhoea had occurred among measles cases. It is suggested that the increase in vaccination coverage in 1979-89 and the shift in age at infection to older age groups in the same period may have brought about this change through selective suppression of respiratory complications among measles cases.
The use of oral nutritional supplements in an Irish community setting.

BACKGROUND The frequency of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) prescribing has been increasing steadily in the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Available evidence indicates that health professionals in the community setting in the ROI have a poor level of knowledge about ONS. The objectives of the present study were to investigate ONS prescribing practices and to identify the types of patient who were prescribed these products. METHODS Ten of 17 eligible general practitioners were recruited and asked to refer all patients (aged > 16 years) who were prescribed ONS during a 3-month period. Patients were interviewed by a community dietitian, using a questionnaire incorporating the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). ONS prescriptions were judged either to fulfil or not to fulfil a set of criteria developed for ONS prescribing in the community. RESULTS The majority of patients were female (62/78). Their mean (SD) age was 79 (10.5) years. According to MUST criteria, 31 of 78 patients were at 'low risk', 18 of 78 were at 'medium risk' and 29 of 78 were at 'high risk' of malnutrition. Less than half of the patients (36/78) had a body mass index of < 20 kg m(-2). Only 21 of 78 patients reported having received dietary advice in addition to their ONS prescription. Almost one-third (31%) of ONS prescriptions did not fulfil the criteria. Social factors, such as living alone, and difficulties with cooking and shopping, influenced the need for ONS in almost 70% of cases. CONCLUSIONS ONS were prescribed in accordance with the prescribing criteria in the majority of cases; however, some patients who were prescribed ONS were not 'at risk' of malnutrition. Social circumstances played an important part in determining the need for ONS prescriptions.