Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Back to work – a two-year outcome of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme focused on physical function and pain

Purpose. To analyze why some responded positively to rehabilitation and why some did not. Method. Sixty participants with musculoskeletal disorders, mainly neck and back pain participated in a 7-week rehabilitation programme which was based on a combination of theoretical and practical education and physical activities. Before and after the programme and 6, 12 and 24 months after completion of the programme all participants were evaluated with the Disability Rating Index (DRI) and Pain Intensity Rating on a Visual analogue scale (VAS). Results. In the participants who had full-time sick leave from the start of the programme to the 2-year follow-up (Group I) self-experienced physical disability and pain ratings were high and showed no decrease and were maintained up until the 2-year follow-up. For the participants who had part-time sick leave or no sick leave (Group II) physical disability and pain ratings were initially lower than in Group I and decreased gradually, (p < 0.01) and (p < 0.05), respectively throughout the 2-year follow-up period. Conclusion. Participants in Group I did not benefit from the rehabilitation programme and did not show improvement in their physical disability and pain rating. Group II showed decreased physical disability and pain rating. The decrease was gradual and was maintained up until the 2-year follow-up period. These results may indicate that persons with musculoskeletal pain with severe disability and pain require other rehabilitation programmes than those with moderate symptoms. This research has highlighted the need for development of such programmes.
TÜRKİYE’DE EĞİTİM-EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: YAPISAL KIRILMALI BİRİM KÖK VE EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ

Bu calismada, Turkiye’de egitim ile ekonomik buyume arasindaki iliski 1923 ile 2014 donemi icin incelenmistir. Bu amacla, ilk olarak degiskenlerin birim kok icerip icermedigi analiz edilmistir. Kullanilan geleneksel birim kok testleri ve yapisal kirilmaya izin veren birim kok testlerine gore seriler I(1)’dir. Seriler arasinda esbutunlesme iliskisini test etmek icin coklu yapisal kirilmalara izin veren Maki (2012) Esbutunlesme Testi kullanilmistir. Seriler arasinda esbutunlesme iliskisi bulunduktan sonra, FMOLS Esbutunlesme Katsayi Tahmincisi kullanilmistir. Son olarak Hacker ve Hatemi (2006) Bootstrap Nedensellik analizi yapilmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucu, egitim gostergeleriyle ekonomik buyume arasinda uzun donemli iliski oldugu ortaya cikmistir. Ilkogretimde, lisede ve universitede okuyan ogrenci sayisi ile ekonomik buyume arasinda uzun donemde pozitif iliski vardir. Ayrica, nedensellik analizinin sonuclarina gore, ilkogretimde okuyan ogrenci sayisindan ekonomik buyumeye dogru ve ekonomik buyumeden lisede okuyan ogrenci sayisina dogru tek yonlu nedensellik iliski tespit edilmistir.
Re-examining the relationships among perceived quality, value, satisfaction, and destination loyalty

Drawing on the literature on service quality, marketing, and tourism, the present study tests a comprehensive model of the effects of perceived quality (PQ) on loyalty in the context of a tourism destination. Using a sample of 249 residents from the United Kingdom and the United States who visited Australia between 2008 and 2012, this research applies partial least squares–structural equation modeling to examine these relationships. PQ is operationalized as a multidimensional construct determined by six destination dimensions: natural and well-known attractions, variety of tourist services, quality of general atmosphere, entertainment and recreation, general environment, and accessibility. Our results support the conceptualization of PQ as a “reflective first-order, formative second-order” model (also referred to as a molar, or type II, higher order model, see Diamantopoulos A, Riefler P, and Roth KP (2008) Advancing formative measurement models. Journal of Business Research 61(12): 1203–1218). Results from this study found that the six reflective first-order dimensions of PQ form the higher (second)-order PQ construct. Moreover, PQ has a stronger effect on loyalty (both direct and indirect through satisfaction) compared to perceived value, which only exercises an indirect effect on loyalty. The study presents new insights on the operationalization of PQ and the network of causal relationships among PQ, value, satisfaction, and loyalty in tourism destinations.
Insulin Downregulates the Transcriptional Coregulator CITED2, an Inhibitor of Proangiogenic Function in Endothelial Cells

In patients with atherosclerotic complications of diabetes, impaired neovascularization of ischemic tissue in the myocardium and lower limb limits the ability of these tissues to compensate for poor perfusion. We identified 10 novel insulin-regulated genes, among them Adm, Cited2, and Ctgf, which were downregulated in endothelial cells by insulin through FoxO1. CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail 2 (CITED2), which was downregulated by insulin by up to 54%, is an important negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and impaired HIF signaling is a key mechanism underlying the impairment of angiogenesis in diabetes. Consistent with impairment of vascular insulin action, CITED2 was increased in cardiac endothelial cells from mice with diet-induced obesity and from db/db mice and was 3.8-fold higher in arterial tissue from patients with type 2 diabetes than control subjects without diabetes. CITED2 knockdown promoted endothelial tube formation and endothelial cell proliferation, whereas CITED2 overexpression impaired HIF activity in vitro. After femoral artery ligation, induction of an endothelial-specific HIF target gene in hind limb muscle was markedly upregulated in mice with endothelial cell deletion of CITED2, suggesting that CITED2 can limit HIF activity in vivo. We conclude that vascular insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes contributes to the upregulation of CITED2, which impairs HIF signaling and endothelial proangiogenic function.
Morphological properties of atmospheric aerosol aggregates

Ultrafine particles (smaller than about 0.1 μm) are often emitted from combustion and other high-temperature processes in the form of fractal-like aggregates composed of solid nanoparticles. Results of a study of atmospheric aggregates are reported. Particles were collected on transmission electron microscope grids fitted on the last two stages of a single-jet eight-stage low-pressure impactor for periods of a few minutes. Photomicrographs of transmission electron microscope grids from the impactor stages were analyzed to obtain the fractal dimension (Df) and prefactor (A) for aggregates. Df increased from near 1 to above 2 as the number of primary particles making up the aggregates increased from 10 to 180. Total particle concentrations in size ranges roughly equivalent to the low-pressure impactor stages were measured with a mobility analyzer and condensation particle counter. In one set of measurements, the fraction of the particles present as aggregates was about 60% for particles with aerodynamic diameters between 50 and 75 nm and 34% for the range 75 to 120 nm. The total aggregate concentration in the 50- to 120-nm size range was about 400 ml−1. The primary particles that make up atmospheric aggregates are more polydisperse than soot aggregates generated from a single laboratory source, an ethane/oxygen flame. Most measurements were made in the Los Angeles area, where the aggregates may represent a signature for diesel emissions. Rural aggregate concentrations in the size range 50 to 120 nm were less than 1% of the concentrations at urban sites. The data will permit better estimates of atmospheric aggregate residence times, transport, and deposition in the lung, optical extinction, and heterogenous nucleation.
Fibronectin enhances viability and alters cytoskeletal functions (with effects on the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase pathway) in small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly progressive disease with ultimate poor outcome. SCLC has been shown to interact closely with the stromal and extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the diseased host. ECM consists of type I/IV collagen, laminin, vitronectin, and fibronectin (FN) among others. Herein, we investigated the behavior of a SCLC cell line (NCI‐H446) on FN‐coated surface. Over a course of 72 h, FN (10 ? g/ml) caused both increased survival and proliferation of NCI‐H446 cells. Survival under serum‐starved conditions increased 1.44‐fold and proliferation in the presence of fetal calf serum increased by 1.30‐fold. The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) inhibitor LY294002 reduced both survival and proliferation of NCI‐H446 cells (0.48‐ and 0.27‐fold, respectively), even on FN‐coated surface. We next determined the effects of FN on cytoskeletal function such as cell motility/morphology and adhesion. Over a course of 24 h, FN reduced aggregation of NCI‐H446 cells and induced flattened cellular morphology with neurite‐like projections after 1 h, however, in the presence of LY294002, the cells rounded up. Adhesion of NCI‐H446 cells also increased with FN (4.47‐ fold) which was abrogated with LY294002 treatment. This correlated with phosphorylation of the cytoskeletal protein p125FAK, on Tyr397, Tyr861 and Ser843 residues with FN. Even in the presence of LY294002, these serine/tyrosine residues were still phosphorylated on FN‐coated surface. In contrast, the focal adhesion protein paxillin was not phosphorylated at Tyr31 with FN. In summary, FN stimulation of SCLC cells leads to enhancement of viability and change in cytoskeletal function that are partially mediated through the PI3‐K pathway.
The allogeneic T and B cell response is strongly dependent on complement components C3 and C4.

BACKGROUND The mechanisms controlling the production of antibodies against histocompatibility antigens are of prime importance in organ transplantation. METHODS We investigated the role of complement in the response to allogeneic stimulation, using mice deficient in C3, C4, or C5 to dissect the role of the alternative, classical, and terminal complement pathways. RESULTS After fully major histocompatibility complex disparate skin grafts, the allospecific immunoglobulin (Ig)G response was markedly impaired in C3- and C4-, but not in C5-deficient mice. This defect was most pronounced for second set responses. C3-deficient mice also demonstrated a decreased range of IgG isotypes. In contrast, there was no impairment of the allospecific IgM response. In functional T cell assays, the proliferative response and interferon-gamma secretion of recipient lymphocytes restimulated in vitro with donor antigen was decreased two- to threefold in C3-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS These data show impairment of allogeneic T cell and B cell function in mice with defective complement activation and suggest a predominant role for the classical pathway in stimulating alloimmunity. The terminal pathway seems unimportant in this regard. This extends the results reported for soluble protein antigens and demonstrates a surprisingly marked effect on the alloresponse despite the presence of a stringent antigenic stimulus. These results have implications for the prevention of sensitization in naïve transplant recipients.
Perturbed CD8+ T cell immunity across universal influenza epitopes in the elderly

Influenza epidemics lead to severe illness, life‐threatening complications, and deaths, especially in the elderly. As CD8+ T cells are associated with rapid recovery from influenza, we investigated the effects of aging on antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells across the universal influenza epitopes in humans. We show that aging is characterized by altered frequencies in T cell subsets, with naive T cells being partially replaced by activated effector/memory populations. Although we observed no striking differences in TCR signaling capacity, T cells in the elderly had increased expression of transcription factors Eomes and T‐bet, and such changes were most apparent in CD8+ T cells. Strikingly, the numbers of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells across universal influenza epitopes were reduced in the elderly, although their effector/memory phenotypes remained stable. To understand whether diminished numbers of influenza‐specific CD8+ T cells in the elderly resulted from alteration in TCR clonotypes, we dissected the TCRαβ repertoire specific for the prominent HLA‐A*02:01‐restricted‐M158–66 (A2/M158) influenza epitope. We provide the first ex vivo data on paired antigen‐specific TCRαβ clonotypes in the elderly, showing that influenza‐specific A2/M158+ TCRαβ repertoires in the elderly adults varied from those in younger adults, with the main features being a reduction in the frequency of the public TRAV27–TRBV19 TCRαβ clonotype, increased proportion of private TCRαβ signatures, broader use of TRAV and TRBV gene segments, and large clonal expansion of private TCRαβ clonotypes with longer CDR3 loops. Our study supports the development of T cell‐targeted influenza vaccines that would boost the T cell compartment during life and maintain the numbers and optimal TCRαβ signatures in the elderly.
The Adoption of Outcome-Related Performance Indicators in External Reporting: An Empirical Study

ABSTRACT Contemporary government reforms are changing how performance is measured and evaluated, by shifting the focus from inputs and processes to outputs and outcomes. This study uses agency theory, institutional theory, and organizational information processing theory to hypothesize and assess how particular organizational and institutional factors affect the disclosure of outcome information by public organizations, drawing on an empirical analysis of 214 Italian public organizations. Organizational size, mode of service delivery, and the degree of regulation are all strongly associated with the disclosure of outcome indicators in external performance reports.
An Investigation of the Shielding Performance of PCB-level Enclosures using a Reverberation Chamber

PCB-level shielding enclosures differ from the other shielding products in several aspects due to their small volume and therefore pose new challenges to the evaluation of performance. This paper describes several possible approaches, and issues about using a reverberation chamber to accomplish a fast and reliable measurement. The interaction between the internal source and the enclosure is also investigated. In addition, the performance of the enclosure in isolating near-field interference in a high-Q environment, which is general in practical applications, is compared with the measurement result from the proposed reverberation chamber method. An approach is also introduced to indicate the impact of changing environment to the near-field coupling.
Assessment of ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ forces as determinants of rotifer distribution among lakes in Ontario, Canada

Predation and food supply are generally perceived as important determinants of spatial and temporal variations of populations. The population dynamics of freshwater rotifers have been well researched in this aspect. However, their spatial variations have attracted less attention and have not been studied by simultaneously considering both predation and food supply. We studied spatial variations of rotifer abundance among 34 Canadian boreal lakes. A large part of the variance of rotifer abundance was associated with variables related to trophic status including chlorophyll a and total phosphorus. However, abundances of mesozooplankton such as potential predators and competitors did not correlate with rotifer abundance and did not explain the residual of the regression between rotifer abundance and chlorophyll a. The results of the present study indicated that variation in rotifer abundance among lakes was caused by ‘bottom-up’ forces related to food supply and not by ‘top-down’ predatory interactions. This provides a contrast to previous empiric and experimental studies that reported that temporal variations of rotifer abundance were mainly regulated by ‘top-down’ interactions. This discrepancy suggests that overall differences in rotifer abundance among lakes are mainly determined by ‘bottom-up’ forces while temporal changes in single lakes are shaped by ‘top-down’ forces. Meanwhile, the composition of rotifer species was correlated with mesozooplankton abundance as well as trophic status. Rotifer species with long spines or rigid loricae were found in the lakes where mesozooplankton were abundant, which suggests that defensive morphology could have affected the rotifer species distribution among the study lakes.
Microcirculatory characteristics of acupuncture points obtained by laser Doppler flowmetry

Acupuncture points (acupoints) form part of the meridian system that constitutes the most fundamental concept in oriental medicine, but their physiological basis has not been clarified. In this study we employed laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) to extract the microcirculatory characteristics of acupoints and their surrounding tissues, and we interpreted the results from the viewpoint of microcirculatory physiology. Three groups of measurements were performed focusing on the following two important acupoints in oriental medicine in healthy volunteers (n = 13 for group A and n = 9 for groups B and C, respectively): Hoh-Ku (Li4, on the hand) and Ching-Ku (B64, on the foot). The two groups of measurements around Hoh-Ku (Groups A and B) were so designed as to examine the effect of the direction of the nonacupoint away from the acupoint, whereas comparison between the Hoh-Ku and the Ching-Ku measurements was to verify whether the phenomenon was consistent in the upper and the lower extremities. We found that the mean LDF signals were significantly larger at the acupoints than in their surrounding tissues (all p < 0.05), which indicates a larger blood supply into the microvascular beds of acupoints. The results indicate that the physical properties of the vascular structure of acupoints may affect the perfusion resistance, and thereby modulate the microcirculatory perfusion in accordance with tissue needs. This finding facilitates the localization of acupoints, helps in identifying the connection between microcirculatory physiology and responses to acupoint stimulation, and introduces an objective research method for understanding the mechanisms that underlie oriental medicine.
Accumulation of a Lipid A Precursor Lacking the 4′-Phosphate following Inactivation of the Escherichia coli lpxKGene*

The lpxK gene has been proposed to encode the lipid A 4′-kinase in Escherichia coli (Garrett, T. A., Kadrmas, J. L., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1997)J. Biol. Chem. 272, 21855–21864). In cell extracts, the kinase phosphorylates the 4′-position of a tetraacyldisaccharide 1-phosphate precursor (DS-1-P) of lipid A, but the enzyme has not yet been purified because of instability. lpxK is co-transcribed with an essential upstream gene, msbA, with strong homology to mammalian Mdr proteins and ABC transporters.msbA may be involved in the transport of newly made lipid A from the inner surface of the inner membrane to the outer membrane. Insertion of an Ω-chloramphenicol cassette into msbA also halts transcription of lpxK. We have now constructed a strain in which only the lpxK gene is inactivated by inserting a kanamycin cassette into the chromosomal copy oflpxK. This mutation is complemented at 30 °C by a hybrid plasmid with a temperature-sensitive origin of replication carryinglpxK +. When this strain (designated TG1/pTAG1) is grown at 44 °C, the plasmid bearing thelpxK + is lost, and the phenotype of anlpxK knock-out mutation is unmasked. The growth of TG1/pTAG1 was inhibited after several hours at 44 °C, consistent with lpxK being an essential gene. Furthermore, 4′-kinase activity in extracts made from these cells was barely detectable. In accordance with the proposed biosynthetic pathway for lipid A, DS-1-P (the 4′-kinase substrate) accumulated in TG1/pTAG1 cells grown at 44 °C. The DS-1-P from TG1/pTAG1 was isolated, and its structure was verified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. DS-1-P had not been isolated previously from bacterial cells. Its accumulation in TG1/pTAG1 provides additional support for the pathway of lipid A biosynthesis inE. coli. Homologs of lpxK are present in the genomes of other Gram-negative bacteria.
The divided electorate: Effects of the campaign and media use on political involvement

* Associate Professor of Research Methodology, Faculty of Public Administration and Public Policy, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. E-mail: c.w. a.m.aarts@bsk.utwente. nl ** Professor of Audience and Public Opinion Research, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Oude Hoogstraat 24, 1012 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: semetko@pscw.uva. nl
Light Microscopic, Ultrastructural, and Immunohistochemical Examinations of Two Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors (CEOT) in a Dog and a Cat

Two calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors from a 10-year-old cross-breed dog and a 9-year-old cat were characterized histologically and electron microscopically. Important characteristics were plexiform to squamous epithelial structure, amyloid in the tumor tissue with partial calcification (Liesegang's rings), and a low rate of mitosis. The amyloid found in the tumors was subjected to immunohistochemical examination, using a series of antibodies (anti-AA, -AL, -AF, -ASc1, -AB, -cytokeratin, -vimentin, -desmin, -laminin). The exclusive reaction to anti-cytokeratin and anti-laminin suggests that the amyloid is of epithelial origin.
Study Abroad as a Possible Experience Enhancement Against Abstinence-Only Education Abroad: Viewing Internet Use During

As the old model of study abroad welcomes a new generation of student, administrators are forced to grapple with how and whether to adapt the old model to new communication technologies. Assumed in the traditional model of study abroad, and in the cultural and language learning theories around which those programs were constructed, is that learning takes place in face-to-face (FTF) encounters with the host culture. Under these assumptions, the Internet is merely a distraction and ought to be avoided during study abroad. However, more recent research on Internet-mediated communication no longer situates Internet-mediated communication as diametrically opposed to FTF communication. Study abroad participants and administrators have long grappled with how to decrease stress and increase integration during study abroad. Literature on Internet-mediated social support, and computer-mediated communication, suggests that the Internet may be an effective means through which to access socially supportive peer networks, and break down barriers to communication— both of which have the potential to reduce stress and increase integration while abroad. The present study is a descriptive analysis of how students are using the Internet to enhance their experience abroad. An original survey instrument constructed from qualitative data was used to determine the ways in which students use the Internet to both access and to create networks of support during study abroad. The results indicate that the Internet bolsters confidence and risk taking by providing students with the perception of available support, valuable informational support, and access to at UNIV CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA on May 30, 2012 jsi.sagepub. com Downloaded from 2 Journal of Studies in International Education XX(X) a broader social network. These results are then analyzed with respect to students’ acculturative stress levels and increased integration.
Microwave signal processing using dipole-exchange spin waves

The possibility of the application of dipole-exchange spin waves (DESW) in ferrite (yttrium-iron garnet or YIG) films for microwave signal processing is investigated. The short-wavelength DESW were excited as a result of scattering of an input long-wavelength dipolar spin wave pulse on inhomogeneities in the YIG film.