Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Exclusion/Inclusion for Urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People

Social exclusion social inclusion are useful concepts for making sense of the deeply embedded socio-economic disadvantaged position of Aboriginal and Torres Islander people in Australian. The concepts not only describe exclusion from social and economic participation; but seek to understand the dynamic processes behind their creation and reproduction. Yet few Australian studies go beyond describing Aboriginal over-representation on social exclusion indicators. Neither do they address the translatability of the concepts from non-Indigenous to Indigenous contexts despite mainstream studies finding the pattern of social exclusion (and therefore what social inclusion might look like) differs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to that of other disadvantaged groups. This paper uses data from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous children to explore patterns of social exclusion across social, economic, well-being and community dimensions for urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait families. The paper then develops a contextual understanding of the processes and patterns that create and sustain social exclusion and the opportunities and challenges of moving to greater social inclusion for urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people/s.
An Extraordinary Outburst in the Massive Protostellar System NGC 6334I-MM1: Quadrupling of the Millimeter Continuum

Based on sub-arcsecond Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Submillimeter Array (SMA) 1.3 mm continuum images of the massive protocluster NGC 6334I obtained in 2015 and 2008, we find that the dust emission from MM1 has increased by a factor of 4.0 ± 0.3 during the intervening years, and undergone a significant change in morphology. The continuum emission from the other cluster members (MM2, MM4, and the UCH ii region MM3 = NGC 6334F) has remained constant. Long-term single-dish maser monitoring at HartRAO finds that multiple maser species toward NGC 6334I flared beginning in early 2015, a few months before our ALMA observation, and some persist in that state. New ALMA images obtained in 2016 July–August at 1.1 and 0.87 mm confirm the changes with respect to SMA 0.87 mm images from 2008, and indicate that the (sub)millimeter flaring has continued for at least a year. The excess continuum emission, centered on the hypercompact H ii region MM1B, is extended and elongated (1.″6 × 1.″0 ≈ 2100 × 1300 au) with multiple peaks, suggestive of general heating of the surrounding subcomponents of MM1, some of which may trace clumps in a fragmented disk rather than separate protostars. In either case, these remarkable increases in maser and dust emission provide direct observational evidence of a sudden accretion event in the growth of a massive protostar yielding a sustained luminosity surge by a factor of 70 ± 20, analogous to the largest events in simulations by Meyer et al. This target provides an excellent opportunity to assess the impact of such a rare event on a protocluster over many years.
Towards a more representative parametrisation of hydrologic models via synthesizing the strengths of Particle Swarm Optimisation and Robust Parameter Estimation

The development of methods for estimating the parameters of hydrologic models considering uncertainties has been of high interest in hydrologic research over the last years. In particular methods which understand the estimation of hydrologic model parameters as a geometric search of a set of robust performing parameter vectors by application of the concept of data depth found growing research interest. Bardossy and Singh (2008) presented a first Robust Parameter Estimation Method (ROPE) and applied it for the calibration of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model with daily time step. The basic idea of this algorithm is to identify a set of model parameter vectors with high model performance called good parameters and subsequently generate a set of parameter vectors with high data depth with respect to the first set. Both steps are repeated iteratively until a stopping criterion is met. The results estimated in this case study show the high potential of the principle of data depth to be used for the estimation of hydrologic model parameters. In this paper we present some further developments that address the most important shortcomings of the original ROPE approach. We developed a stratified depth based sampling approach that improves the sampling from non-elliptic and multi-modal distributions. It provides a higher efficiency for the sampling of deep points in parameter spaces with higher dimensionality. Another modification addresses the problem of a too strong shrinking of the estimated set of robust parameter vectors that might lead to overfitting for model calibration with a small amount of calibration data. This contradicts the principle of robustness. Therefore, we suggest to split the available calibration data into two sets and use one set to control the overfitting. All modifications were implemented into a further developed ROPE approach that is called Advanced Robust Parameter Estimation (AROPE). However, in this approach the estimation of the good parameters is still based on an ineffective Monte Carlo approach. Therefore we developed another approach called ROPE with Particle Swarm Optimisation (ROPE-PSO) that substitutes the Monte Carlo approach with a more effective and efficient approach based on Particle Swarm Optimisation. Two case studies demonstrate the improvements of the developed algorithms when compared with the first ROPE approach and two other classical optimisation approaches calibrating a process oriented hydrologic model with hourly time step. The focus of both case studies is on modelling flood events in a small catchment characterised by extreme process dynamics. The calibration problem was repeated with higher dimensionality considering the uncertainty in the soil hydraulic parameters and another conceptual parameter of the soil module. We discuss the estimated results and propose further possibilities in order to apply ROPE as a well-founded parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis tool.
Particle and VOC emission factor measurements for anthropogenic sources in West Africa

Abstract. A number of campaigns have been carried out to establish the emission factors of pollutants from fuel combustion in West Africa, as part of work package 2 (“Air Pollution and Health”) of the DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) FP7 program. Emission sources considered here include wood (hevea and iroko) and charcoal burning, charcoal making, open trash burning, and vehicle emissions, including trucks, cars, buses and two-wheeled vehicles. Emission factors of total particulate matter (TPM), elemental carbon (EC), primary organic carbon (OC) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been established. In addition, emission factor measurements were performed in combustion chambers in order to reproduce field burning conditions for a tropical hardwood (hevea), and obtain particulate emission factors by size (PM0.25, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10). Particle samples were collected on quartz fiber filters and analyzed using gravimetric method for TPM and thermal methods for EC and OC. The emission factors of 58 VOC species were determined using offline sampling on a sorbent tube. Emission factor results for two species of tropical hardwood burning of EC, OC and TPM are 0.98 ± 0.46 g kg−1 of fuel burned (g kg−1), 11.05 ± 4.55 and 41.12 ± 24.62 g kg−1, respectively. For traffic sources, the highest emission factors among particulate species are found for the two-wheeled vehicles with two-stroke engines (2.74 g kg−1 fuel for EC, 65.11 g kg−1 fuel for OC and 496 g kg−1 fuel for TPM). The largest VOC emissions are observed for two-stroke two-wheeled vehicles, which are up to 3 times higher than emissions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. Isoprene and monoterpenes, which are usually associated with biogenic emissions, are present in almost all anthropogenic sources investigated during this work and could be as significant as aromatic emissions in wood burning (1 g kg−1 fuel). EC is primarily emitted in the ultrafine fraction, with 77 % of the total mass being emitted as particles smaller than 0.25 µm. The particles and VOC emission factors obtained in this study are generally higher than those in the literature whose values are discussed in this paper. This study underlines the important role of in situ measurements in deriving realistic and representative emission factors.
Screening of root nodule bacteria for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and the study of parameters influencing the PHA accumulation

Twelve polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producing microbes were isolated from root nodules of 8 leguminous plants belonging to two phyla: Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. One of the isolate VK-12 of genus Burkholderia showed the highest PHA accumulation (42% wt/wt) as compared to other isolates in mineral medium. The effect of different cultural and growth conditions were studied on isolate VK-12 in shake flasks for highest PHA accumulation. VK-12 showed highest PHA accumulation in sucrose and ammonium sulphate amongst other carbon and nitrogen sources tested in the medium. The medium containing sucrose and ammonium sulphate having C: N ratio of 39.72 gave the highest PHA accumulation. The optimum pH, temperature, inoculum concentration and incubation time for highest PHA accumulation were 7.0, 30°C, 10% and 48 h respectively. An overall increase in PHA accumulation from 42 to 63% wt/wt was obtained under optimised conditions. The PHA was characterised using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All the isolates produced poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) except VK-9, which produced polymer poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). Keywords: Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), PHB-co-HV, root nodule bacteria, carbon sources, C: N ratio, characterization of PHA
Halo modelling in chameleon theories

We analyse modelling techniques for the large-scale structure formed in scalar-tensor theories of constant Brans-Dicke parameter which match the concordance model background expansion history and produce a chameleon suppression of the gravitational modification in high-density regions. Thereby, we use a mass and environment dependent chameleon spherical collapse model, the Sheth-Tormen halo mass function and linear halo bias, the Navarro-Frenk-White halo density profile, and the halo model. Furthermore, using the spherical collapse model, we extrapolate a chameleon mass-concentration scaling relation from a ΛCDM prescription calibrated to N-body simulations. We also provide constraints on the model parameters to ensure viability on local scales. We test our description of the halo mass function and nonlinear matter power spectrum against the respective observables extracted from large-volume and high-resolution N-body simulations in the limiting case of f(R) gravity, corresponding to a vanishing Brans-Dicke parameter. We find good agreement between the two; the halo model provides a good qualitative description of the shape of the relative enhancement of the f(R) matter power spectrum with respect to ΛCDM caused by the extra attractive gravitational force but fails to recover the correct amplitude. Introducing an effective linear power spectrum in the computation of the two-halo term to account for an underestimation of the chameleon suppression at intermediate scales in our approach, we accurately reproduce the measurements from the N-body simulations.
Analyse Micro-Locale ℓ-Adique en Caractéristique p > 0 le Cas d’un Trait

Resume Nous developpons, pour un faisceau ´ � -adique sur un trait complet de ca- racteristique p> 0, la notion de variete caracteristique. Notre approche, inspiree de l'analyse micro-locale de Kashiwara et Schapira, est un pendant faisceautique de notre theorie de ramification des corps locauxorps residuel quelconque. Nous presentons la principale propriete que devrait satisfaire la variete caracteristique (conjecture de l'isogenie), et nous la demontrons pour les faisceaux de rang un sans restriction sur le trait, ou inconditionnellement sur le faisceau si le corps residuel du trait est parfait. Abstract We develop, for an � -adicsheaf on a complete trait of characteristic p> 0, the notion of characteristic variety. Our approach, inspired by the microlocal analysis of Kashiwara and Schapira, is a complement to our ramification theory for local fields with general residue fields. We formulate the main property that should be satisfied by the characteristic variety (the isogeny conjecture), and prove it for rank one sheaves unconditionally on the trait, or unconditionally on the sheaf if the residue field of the trait is perfect.
Polygalacturonase Production by Aspergillus sp . in AirLift and Agitated

Polygalacturonase production under different shear stress environments by Aspergillus sp. was studied. It was found that the rate of enzyme production in the stirred tank fermentor decreased with increasing the stirrer speed in the range 300-750 rpm. On the other hand, in a split cylinder air-lift fermentor, the rate of polygalacturonase production slightly increased with increasing in air rate from 1.5 to 2 v.v. m (volume air/culture volume/minute). The maximum enzyme titres at the end of the cultivation period in the airlift fermentor were 35 unit/ml and at least twice of that obtained in agitated fermentors. Measurement of main hyphal length in agitated and air-lift fermentors suggested break up of the mycelia in the higher shear environment of stirred fermentor especially at the higher agitation rates. The similarity in the trend of the enzyme production and main hyphal length suggested a possible relationship between the morphology and productivity of the Aspergillus sp. used in the present study.
Obesity-related nephropathy in children - the need for greater awareness

1 EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 2 Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 4 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Appraisal of the Impact of Three Insecticides on the Principal Rice Pests and Their Predators in China

Abstract Chemical control is an effective measure for decreasing the numbers of rice planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens [Stål] and Sogatella furcifera [Horváth]; Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and rice leaffolders (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée; Lepidoptera: Crambidae), which have caused substantial yield losses of rice in China in recent years. Virtako is a new mixture of insecticides that has low mammalian toxicity and high toxicity to insect pests. We conducted a study of the effectiveness of Virtako (a mixture of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam), versus chlorantraniliprole alone and thiamethoxam alone, for control of rice planthoppers and rice leaffolders, as well as the impact of these insecticides on predator diversity. One and 28 d after application, Virtako treatment (36–60 g a.i./ha) reduced the numbers of planthoppers to 46 to 60% and 59 to 66%, respectively, of the control levels. Virtako also suppressed damage by rice leaffolders, resulting in leaf protection rates of 11 to 46% and 37 to 76% at 7 and 28 d after application, respectively. Both 1 and 2 applications of Virtako per crop cycle caused significant short-term reductions in insect predator populations. However, 21 d after the application of Virtako (36 g a.i./ha), the diversity indices and the total number of predators were similar to those in untreated plots. A single application of Virtako provides good control of insect pests in paddy fields, and predator populations recovered quickly after the Virtako application. Our studies indicated that Virtako might be an effective alternative for the control of planthoppers and rice leaffolders in paddy fields.
Are foreign owned English football clubs less efficient

In this thesis the technical efficiency for English Premier League and Championship clubs where pitch performance is the producing factor and the wages & salaries, amortization of player registrations, and other operating expenses are the input variables. To calculate the efficiency a Stochastic Cobb-Douglas production frontier model is used. The main interest for this thesis is to test whether clubs with a majority foreign ownership are significantly more inefficient than majority non-foreign owned clubs. After testing it has been found that there is no significant difference in technical efficiency between majority foreign owned clubs and majority non-foreign owned clubs.
Catecholamines in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Studies on the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and levels of catecholamines have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether concentrations of the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are associated with PTSD. This study searched relevant articles in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Psyc-ARTICLES. Each database was searched from its inception to September, 2018. Data related to catecholamine concentrations were extracted for patients with PTSD and the controls to calculate standardized mean differences and to evaluate effect sizes. A meta-analysis was then performed to compare the concentration of each catecholamine between the two groups in blood and/or urine samples. Heterogeneity was quantified using I2 and its significance was tested using the Q statistics. Subgroup analyses of the types of controls, PTSD assessment tools, and assayed methods used in the studies were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity among studies. Random-effects models were used to combine results from selected studies. A total of 1,388 articles were identified, of which 27 were included in the final analysis. Heterogeneity was high; hence random-effects models were used to combine results of selected studies. Results revealed significantly higher norepinephrine levels in people with PTSD than in the controls [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13 to 0.57, p = 0.002]. No difference was found in dopamine and epinephrine concentrations between the two groups. Elevated norepinephrine levels may be an important indicator for PTSD.
Application of Finite Element Method for Analysis of Nanostructures

Abstract The paper deals with application of the finite element method in modelling and simulation of nanostructures. The finite element model is based on beam elements with stiffness properties gained from the quantum mechanics and nonlinear spring elements with force-displacement relation are gained from Morse potential. Several basic mechanical properties of structures are computed by homogenization of nanostructure, e.g. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio. The problems connecting with geometrical parameters of nanostructures are considered and their influences to resulting homogenized quantities are mentioned.
Convergence Analysis of a Cooperative Diffusion Gauss-Newton Strategy

In this paper, we investigate the convergence performance of a cooperative diffusion Gauss-Newton (GN) method, which is widely used to solve the nonlinear least squares problems (NLLS) due to the low computation cost compared with Newton's method. This diffusion GN collects the diversity of temporalspatial information over the network, which is used on local updates. In order to address the challenges on convergence analysis, we firstly consider to form a global recursion relation over spatial and temporal scales since the traditional GN is a time iterative method and the network-wide NLLS need to be solved. Secondly, the derived recursion related to the networkwide deviation between the successive two iterations is ambiguous due to the uncertainty of descent discrepancy in GN update step between two versions of cooperation and non-cooperation. Thus, an important work is to derive the boundedness conditions of this discrepancy. Finally, based on the temporal-spatial recursion relation and the steady-state equilibria theory for discrete dynamical systems, we obtain the sufficient conditions for algorithm convergence, which require the good initial guesses, reasonable step size values and network connectivity. Such analysis provides a guideline for the applications based on this diffusion GN method.
Fluid release from the subducted Cocos plate and partial melting of the crust deduced from magnetotelluric studies in southern Mexico: implications for the generation of volcanism and subduction dynamics

In order to study electrical conductivity phenomena that are associated with subduction related fluid release and melt production, magnetotelluric (MT) measurements were carried out in southern Mexico along two coast to coast profiles. The conductivity-depth distribution was obtained by simultaneous two-dimensional inversion of the transverse magnetic and transverse electric modes of the magnetotelluric transfer functions. The MT models demonstrate that the plate southern profile shows enhanced conductivity in the deep crust. The northern profile is dominated by an elongated conductive zone extending >250 km below the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). The isolated conductivity anomalies in the southern profile are interpreted as slab fluids stored in the overlying deep continental crust. These fluids were released by progressive metamorphic dehydration of the basaltic oceanic crust. The conductivity anomalies may be related to the main dehydration reactions at the zeolite → blueschist → eclogite facies transitions and the breakdown of chlorite. This relation allows the estimation of a geothermal gradient of ∼8.5°C/km for the top of the subducting plate. The same dehydration reactions may be recognized along the northern profile at the same position relative to the depth of the plate, but more inland due to a shallower dip, and merge near the volcanic front due to steep downbending of the plate. When the oceanic crust reaches a depth of 80–90 km, ascending fluids produce basaltic melts in the intervening hot subcontinental mantle wedge that give rise to the volcanic belt. Water-rich basalts may intrude into the lower continental crust leading to partial melting. The elongated highly conductive zone below the TMVB may therefore be caused by partial melts and fluids of various origins, ongoing migmatization, ascending basaltic and granitic melts, growing plutons as well as residual metamorphic fluids. Zones of extremely high conductance (>8000 S) in the continental crust on either MT profile might indicate extinct magmatism.
Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels

This paper compares some typical fossil fuels with carbon-free fuels from aspects of combustion-related properties, energy efficiency and emissions. It is based on the assumption that the fuel of interest is completely combusted. The comparison indicators include species of exhaust gases, wasted heat of emissions and the quantities thereof. It is found that in spite of the weakness of lower volume energy density of ammonia than gasoline, diesel and methane, the lower corresponding air-fuel ratio of ammonia compromised this weakness. From the comparison of total emissions by mass, it is found that combustion of ammonia generates a much smaller amount of total emissions than the combustion of the same kilogram of hydrogen, gasoline, diesel, methane, and ethanol. Although combustion of hydrogen does not generate CO2, the total emissions by mass are much larger than other fuels and is 5 times greater than ammonia per unit mass of fuel. Besides, the total amount of emissions of these fuels is similar when producing the same amount of combustion heat. It is concluded that ammonia is a very promising fuel that not only generates fewer CO2 emissions, fewer total emissions, but also performs high energy efficiency.