Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acyl Coenzyme A Suppress the Glucose-6-phosphatase Promoter Activity by Modulating the DNA Binding of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α*

Glucose-6-phosphatase confers on gluconeogenic tissues the capacity to release endogenous glucose in blood. The expression of its gene is modulated by nutritional mechanisms dependent on dietary fatty acids, with specific inhibitory effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The presence of consensus binding sites of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) in the −1640/+60 bp region of the rat glucose-6-phosphatase gene has led us to consider the hypothesis that HNF4α could be involved in the regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase gene transcription by long chain fatty acid (LCFA). Our results have shown that the glucose-6-phosphatase promoter activity is specifically inhibited in the presence of PUFA in HepG2 hepatoma cells, whereas saturated LCFA have no effect. In HeLa cells, the glucose-6-phosphatase promoter activity is induced by the co-expression of HNF4α or HNF1α. PUFA repress the promoter activity only in HNF4α-cotransfected HeLa cells, whereas they have no effects on the promoter activity in HNF1α-cotransfected HeLa cells. From gel shift mobility assays, deletion, and mutagenesis experiments, two specific binding sequences have been identified that appear able to account for both transactivation by HNF4α and regulation by LCFA in cells. The binding of HNF4α to its cognate sites is specifically inhibited by polyunsaturated fatty acyl coenzyme A in vitro. These data strongly suggest that the mechanism by which PUFA suppress the glucose-6-phosphatase gene transcription involves an inhibition of the binding of HNF4α to its cognate sites in the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoA thioesters.
5‐HT7, NEUROGENESIS AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS: A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC AXIS FOR TREATING DEPRESSION

1 There is mounting evidence that a wide range of antidepressants share the common feature of increasing hippocampal neurogenesis. The specificity of this association has suggested that an ability to increase neurogenesis might be a useful paradigm to screen for compounds with antidepressant activity. 2 The hope of developing better antidepressants has stimulated research into the molecular control of neurogenesis and here we summarize some of the recent findings. We also review recent work that highlights 5‐HT7 receptor as a promising molecular target in the treatment of depression. 3 In summary, it appears that 5‐HT7 antagonism is capable of producing diverse antidepressant‐like behavioural effects, alters hippocampal neuronal morphology and synergistically regulates hippocampal neurogenesis.
Experiments on front-end techniques and segmentation model for robust Indian Language speech recognizer

Recent contributions in the area of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for Indian Languages has been increased. This paper serves as a comprehensive study of different feature extraction methods namely MFCC, PLP, RASTA-PLP and PNCC. An attempt to find out which of these front end techniques performs better for real world Indian Language data is analyzed experimentally. Then, an isolated word recognizer is built for three Indian languages (i.e., Tamil, Assamese and Bengali) under real world conditions and investigates the importance of handling long silence using segmentation method. The experimental analysis shows that PNCC provides better performance for clean data whereas MFCC shows improved performance in case of multi-condition speech data.
Inter-subject variability in the metabolism of aluminium following intravenous injection as citrate

1 Six healthy male volunteers received intravenous injec tions of 26Al as citrate. Accelerator mass spectrometry and γ-ray spectrometry were used to determine levels of the tracer in blood and excreta at times up to 5-6 d. 2 There was a rapid clearance from blood (mean 2% of injection remaining after 1 d) and major loss in urine (59% up to 1 d), but 27 ± 7 (s.d.)% was retained in the body at 5 d. Faecal excretion was negligible (1% up to 5 d). 3 The mean results accord with the early metabolic pat tern in the single subject of a previous, more extensive study, who had retained 4% of the injection after 3 y. Together, the two studies point to the likelihood of large inter-subject differences in the long-term accumulation of dietary aluminium by populations receiving a given level of daily intake.
Form and function of radular teeth of herbivorous molluscs: Focus on the future

The radular apparatus of herbivorous molluscs provides an excellent model for study of form, function, and integration of mor- phology and function. To date, however, few studies have been conducted in a way that allows us to understand the ecological and evolution- ary consequences of different morphologies, and how morphologies differ or are similar in both form and function. I suggest thee areas of focus for future research: (1) Explicit quantification of morphology. (2) Real rather than asserted assessments of function. (3) An integration of structure and function. Taking advantage of new technologies and integrating them with more traditional approaches, experimentation, and quantification of both form and function will prove this to be a rich area for research in the future.
FIRST CASE REPORTED IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

Progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma (PSEK) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. It belongs to the group of erythrokeratodermas where it can be differentiated from erythrokeratoderma variabilis in the absence of migratory erythematous lesions and in a greater incidence of palmoplantar keratoderma. Molecular basis of PSEK has not yet been established although there are reports of mutations in the loricrin gene. We report a 13-year-old boy with symmetrically distributed hyperkeratotic plaques over the dorsum of the hands and the extensor aspect of the forearms, elbows and knees. As far as we are aware, we report the first case of PSEK in the Dominican Republic.
Comparing different methods to detect and correct nonresponse bias in postal questionnaire studies.

OBJECTIVES This study compares methods for detecting and correcting the bias associated with nonresponse to postal questionnaires. METHODS Questionnaires were sent out in three sequential stages to parents of all 5-year-old children examined in a clinical survey. Each stage progressively targeted nonresponders. Data on dmft and area measures of socioeconomic status were available for all children. Estimates for whole population dmft were produced by different methodologies comparing the relationship between dmft and stage of response and three area measures of socioeconomic status. RESULTS A total of 1,776 children were examined and 1,437 questionnaires were obtained, a response rate of 80.9 percent. The mean dmft of the total population (1.49) was 17.3 percent more than responders (1.27). The dmft of the nonresponders was 2.41, 89.7 percent more than responders. There were significant linear trends in dmft and socioeconomic status across the mailing stages. The methodology using mailing stage regressed against dmft produced the most accurate adjusted dmft value (1.42). The methods using area measures of socioeconomic status produced nearly identical adjusted dmft values ranging from 1.31 to 1.32. CONCLUSIONS Even with an "acceptable" response rate, nonresponse bias can still be present. Researchers should report the outcomes of analyses to detect nonresponse bias when publishing questionnaire studies.
Corneal wound healing. I. The movement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into corneal wounds.

In the current American ophthalmic literature it has been assumed that polymorphonuclear leukocytes arrive at corneal wounds by migration through corneal stromal tissue from perilimbal vessels.1-4The idea, first expressed by Julius Cohnheim in 1867,5that inflammatory cells can also reach the edges of corneal wounds by passage from "conjunctival secretions" directly into the wound defect has largely escaped notice. The experimental observations in this report emphasize the importance of the latter route of arrival. They are in accord with the recent publications of Heydenreich6,7in Germany and confirm Cohnheim's original observations. Materials and Methods Albino rabbits weighing 2-3 kg. were anesthetized with intravenous injection of sodium pentobarbital. Clean, linear incisions of uniform depth were made in the cornea with razor edge either centrally or adjacent to the limbus. The animals were killed at intervals varying from 0 minutes to 2 weeks from the time of wounding.
How do i love thee? Let me count the properties

L'A. defend la these selon laquelle l'amour romantique ideal est partage en fonction des proprietes intrinseques qui constituent notre identite. Examinant le bonheur que provoque le sentiment d'etre aime au niveau de l'image de soi, l'A. repond aux objections psychologiques, fetichistes et morales qui lui sont opposees, d'une part, et conclut en montrant qu'il faut temperer la peur de perdre ces proprietes par l'engagement volontaire dans une relation ouverte avec autrui, d'autre part.
Effect of Autonomic Dysfunction on P-Wave Dispersion in Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Yasar E, Yilmaz B, Yasar AS, Goktepe AS, Alaca R, Mohur H: Effect of autonomic dysfunction on P-wave dispersion in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. Objective:To provide information about the effect of autonomic dysfunction on P-wave dispersion, as a predictor of atrial fibrillation, in patients with spinal cord injury. Design:Thirty patients with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury and 27 healthy controls were included in this study. The initial assessment of the patients included routine physical examination and evaluation of 12-lead electrocardiography. In the patient group, blood pressure and electrocardiography recordings were obtained during urodynamic assessment. The measurements of the P-wave duration were performed manually by two blinded investigators. P-wave dispersion was calculated as the difference between maximum P-wave duration and minimum P-wave duration. P-wave dispersion values of resting electrocardiography recordings in control and study groups were compared. In the patient group, subgroup analyses were also performed according to the injury level and severity and existence of autonomic dysfunction in examinations. Results:P-wave dispersion values were greater in patients with spinal cord injury than in healthy controls. There was statistically significant difference between P-wave dispersion values of the patients with and without autonomic dysfunction. P-wave dispersion values at initial sensation of vesical filling were greater than those of the resting state in the patients without autonomic dysfunction. Conclusions:Our findings indicate that P-wave dispersion increases significantly in chronic spinal cord injured patients with autonomic dysfunction. This finding suggests a tendency for atrial fibrillation occurrence in patients with spinal cord injury, which may cause further cerebrovascular complications in this special subset of patients by creating a thromboembolic milieu.
The role of law enforcement agencies in out-of-hospital emergency care.

BACKGROUND A key component of out-of-hospital emergency care is the rapid response of trained providers with appropriate medical equipment. In some communities, law enforcement agents function as first responders to accomplish this goal. The purpose of this national survey was to assess the proportion of law enforcement agencies that provide medical care to determine the extent of care they provide, to identify how many use AEDs, and to assess the attitudes of agency leaders regarding their roles as medical first responders. METHODS Eight hundred agencies were selected at random from a national database of 43,000 agencies available through the National Public Safety Bureau (Stevens Pt, WI). These agencies were sent a 19-question survey either by US mail or telephone. RESULTS Four-hundred and fifty-four (57%) surveys were returned, and 420 (53%) were available for use after exclusion criteria were applied. Eighty percent of law enforcement agencies respond routinely to medical emergencies and 39% of these reported they deploy AEDs. Thirty-one percent of all law enforcement agencies are equipped with AEDs, a ten-fold increase from 2.6% reported in a previous national study in 1997. Funding issues were the most common reasons cited for not using AEDs. Approximately 75% of respondents agreed that law enforcement agencies should provide initial emergency medical care and indicated that officers in their agency would be willing to receive additional training to accomplish this. CONCLUSION Based on this survey, law enforcement agents often serve as medical first responders. Nearly three quarters of responding agencies felt this role was appropriate. AEDs are now deployed much more frequently than indicated by a previous national study, but still less than one-third of law enforcement agencies carry AEDs as part of their standard response equipment.
Impulsiveness and Venturesomeness in a Detention Center Population

A group of 641 delinquent subjects at a detention centre were given a 63-item questionnaire purporting to measure Impulsiveness, Venturesomeness and Empathy. Of these, 614 subjects also completed a Personality Questionnaire measuring Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Social Desirability. Factor analysis of the 63-item questionnaire confirmed that the three factor structure obtained for normal subjects also held for an offender group. Furthermore, the relations between Impulsivity and the other variables obtained in a previous study on normal subjects were confirmed in this prison population. The identification of Impulsiveness with Psychoticism and Venturesomeness with Extraversion was found somewhat more clearly in the offender group. Though confirming the positive relationship of Empathy with Neuroticism, a significant negative correlation was obtained for Empathy with Psychoticism in the offender group only. (This latter finding seems in accord with results in a study of Impulsiveness in children.) Finally, of the seven variables measured offenders differed from normals significantly on means for all but Venturesomeness. They were higher on Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Social Desirability and Impulsiveness but lower on Empathy.
Plectin expression patterns determine two distinct subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa simplex

Plectin is a cytoskeletal linker protein that has a dumbbell‐like structure with a long central rod and N‐ and C‐terminal globular domains. Mutations in the gene encoding plectin (PLEC1) cause two distinct autosomal recessive subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa (EB): EB simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS‐MD), and EB simplex with pyloric atresia (EBS‐PA). Here, we demonstrate that normal human fibroblasts express two different plectin isoforms including full‐length and rodless forms of plectin. We performed detailed analysis of plectin expression patterns in six EBS‐MD and three EBS‐PA patients. In EBS‐PA, expression of all plectin domains was found to be markedly attenuated or completely lost; in EBS‐MD, the expression of the N‐ and C‐terminal domains of plectin remained detectable, although the expression of rod domains was absent or markedly reduced. Our data suggest that loss of the full‐length plectin isoform with residual expression of the rodless plectin isoform leads to EBS‐MD, and that complete loss or marked attenuation of full‐length and rodless plectin expression underlies the more severe EBS‐PA phenotype. These results also clearly account for the majority of EBS‐MD PLEC1 mutation restriction within the large exon 31 that encodes the plectin rod domain, whereas EBS‐PA PLEC1 mutations are generally outside exon 31. Hum Mutat 30:1–9, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of CT in distinguishing small-bowel obstruction from other causes of small-bowel dilatation.

OBJECTIVE Dilatation of the small bowel is a common finding on plain abdominal radiographs. In such cases, it is often difficult to determine if the cause of the dilatation is small-bowel obstruction, paralytic ileus, or another intraabdominal disorder. Accordingly, we studied the efficacy of CT in making this distinction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of 75 patients with small-bowel dilatation seen on CT scans (more than three segments > 2.5 cm in diameter) were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups (obstruction [27 patients], other surgical diagnosis [16 patients], and no surgery [32 patients]) on the basis of clinical course, findings at surgery, or both. CT scans were retrospectively evaluated by two gastrointestinal radiologists who did not know the results of the chart review. They evaluated the images with regard to the following specific criteria for obstruction: presence/continuity of duodenal, small-bowel, and colonic dilatation; presence of air-fluid levels; amount of intestinal fluid; presence of prestenotic dilatation; presence of transition zone; and cause of obstruction. In addition, each radiologist gave an overall impression regarding the presence or absence of obstruction (criteria not specified to the observers) and its site, or other cause of bowel dilatation. The CT interpretations of each of the radiologists were compared with the patients' subsequent clinical course. RESULTS Observer A was correct in 89%, 88%, and 72% of cases in the obstruction, other surgical diagnosis, and no surgery groups, respectively. Observer B was correct in 78%, 81%, and 69% of cases in the obstruction, other surgical diagnosis, and no surgery groups, respectively. Observer agreement regarding the proposed criteria for obstruction ranged from 65% to 91%. For both observers, only the presence of continuous small-bowel dilatation, prestenotic dilatation, and a transition zone correlated significantly with the presence of small-bowel obstruction. CONCLUSION CT can be a useful test for evaluating small-bowel dilatation and can aid both the diagnosis of small-bowel obstruction and its differentiation from other conditions resulting in small-bowel dilatation.
The Missing Pieces in Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials of External Beam Radiation Therapy Dose Escalation for Prostate Cancer

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the most rigorous way of determining whether a cause-effect relation exists between treatment and outcome and for assessing the cost-effectiveness of a treatment. For many patients, cancer is a chronic illness; RCTs evaluating treatments for indolent cancers must evolve to facilitate medical decision-making, as “concrete” patient outcomes (eg, survival) will likely be excellent independent of the intervention, and detecting a difference between trial arms may be impossible. In this commentary, we articulate 9 recommendations that we hope future clinical trialists and funding agencies (including those under the National Cancer Institute) will take into consideration when planning RCTs to help guide subsequent interpretation of results and clinical decision making, based on RCTs of external beam radiation therapy dose escalation for the most common indolent cancer in men, that is, prostate cancer. We recommend routinely reporting: (1) race; (2) medical comorbidities; (3) psychiatric comorbidities; (4) insurance status; (5) education; (6) marital status; (7) income; (8) sexual orientation; and (9) facility-related characteristics (eg, number of centers involved, type of facilities, yearly hospital volumes). We discuss how these factors independently affect patient outcomes and toxicities; future clinicians and governing organizations should consider this information to plan RCTs accordingly (to maximize patient accrual and total n), select appropriate endpoints (eg, toxicity, quality of life, sexual function), actively monitor RCTs, and report results so as to identify the optimal treatment among subpopulations.
Current control for induction motor drives using random PWM

Current control in voltage-source inverters with random pulsewidth modulation (RPWM) is investigated. The random modulation is introduced to alleviate the undesirable acoustic, vibration, and EMI effects in inverter-fed AC drive systems. A novel RPWM digital technique with dithering of the switching frequency and compensation of the processing time is described. Design of the current control loop is discussed. Results of investigation of an experimental drive system are presented, proving the feasibility of the proposed solutions.
Phase 2 open-label study of weekly docosahexaenoic acid–paclitaxel in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)–paclitaxel is a taxane with a unique pharmacokinetic profile. We investigated the safety and response rate of DHA–paclitaxel weekly in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Chemotherapy-naive and previously treated patients were eligible for this open-label phase II study. DHA–paclitaxel (500 mg/m2/week) was administered by a 1-hour intravenous infusion for five consecutive weeks in a 6-weeks cycle. Response was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors every 6 weeks. Twenty-two patients were enrolled. The patients' median age was 56 years (range: 33–79 years). Nine patients had a systemic therapy for metastatic disease earlier. The median number of treatment cycles was 1 (range 1–7 cycles). One chemonaive patient with liver metastases had partial response lasting for 5 months. Seven patients (32%) had stable disease with a median duration of 3 months (range: 3–7 months). The median overall survival was 9.8 months. Neutropenia (23%) and musculoskeletal pain (10%) were the most common grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities. As a single-agent therapy, DHA–paclitaxel is safe and well-tolerated in metastatic uveal melanoma patients. Its efficacy in this disease is limited with 32% of patients achieving stable disease. Further evaluation of DHA–paclitaxel in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents and/or targeted agents may improve its antitumor activity.
Inhibitory masking controls the threshold sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in dark‐adapted retinas show a range of threshold sensitivities spanning ∼3 log units of illuminance. Here, we show that the different threshold sensitivities of RGCs reflect an inhibitory mechanism that masks inputs from certain rod pathways. The masking inhibition is subserved by GABAC receptors, probably on bipolar cell axon terminals. The GABAergic masking inhibition appears independent of dopaminergic circuitry that has been shown also to affect RGC sensitivity. The results indicate a novel mechanism whereby inhibition controls the sensitivity of different cohorts of RGCs. This can limit and thereby ensure that appropriate signals are carried centrally in scotopic conditions when sensitivity rather than acuity is crucial.