Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Lifetime Psychiatric Diagnoses in Premenstrual Syndrome Clinic and Community Samples

The purpose of this investigation was to obtain information about lifetime psychiatric diagnoses of women seeking treatment for premenstrual syndrome. The National Institute for Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was administered to 223 women attending a premenstrual syndrome clinic. Rates of symptoms and psychiatric disorders were then compared with DIS data collected from an Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program community sample of 923 women in the same age group from the same geographic location. Women in the Premenstrual Syndrome Clinic sample met DIS/DSM-III criteria for dysthymia, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol abuse/dependence, and drug abuse/dependence with a greater frequency than did women from the community sample. There appears to be much overlap between the symptoms for which women seek help from a specialty premenstrual syndrome clinic and symptoms related to several specific affective, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders. Further investigation is needed to determine whether premenstrual syndrome is strongly associated with DSM-III psychiatric diagnoses or whether current psychiatric classification systems are inadequate for differentiation.
Effects of Community-based Follow-up Care in Managing Severely Underweight Children

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of community-based follow-up care, food supplementation, and/or psychosocial stimulation on the recovery of severely underweight children. Patients and Methods: A total of 507 severely underweight children (weight-for-age z score <−3) ages 6 to 24 months hospitalized at the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, were randomly assigned to 1 of the following regimens for 3 months once they recovered from diarrhea: fortnightly follow-up care at the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh Hospital, including growth monitoring, health education, and micronutrient supplementation (group H-C, n = 102); fortnightly follow-up at community clinics, using the same treatment regimen as group H-C (group C-C, n = 99); community-based follow-up as per group C-C plus cereal-based supplementary food (SF) (group C-SF, n = 101); follow-up as per group C-C plus psychosocial stimulation (PS) (group C-PS, n = 102); or follow-up as per group C-C plus both SF and PS (group C-SF + PS, n = 103). Results: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics by treatment group. Attendance at scheduled follow-up visits was greater in groups C-SF, C-SF + PS, and C-PS than in C-C and H-C; P < 0.05. Rates of weight gain were greater in groups C-SF + PS, C-SF, and C-PS (0.88–1.01 kg) compared with groups C-C and H-C (0.63–0.76 kg), P < 0.05. Three-factor analysis of covariance of the effects of treatment components indicated that weight gain and change in weight-for-age z score and weight-for-length z score were greater in groups that received SF (P < 0.05) and linear growth was greater among children managed in the community (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Positioning follow-up services in the community increases follow-up visits and promotes greater linear growth; providing SF, with or without PS, increases clinic attendance and enhances nutritional recovery. Community-based service delivery, especially including SF, permits better rehabilitation of greater numbers of severely underweight children.
Acquisition accuracy enhancement of high-speed storage interface signals

As storage interfaces have begun to employ high-speed signals and complex protocols, it has become increasingly difficult to ensure correct interactions between hosts and their storage. Correctness verification often requires the acquisition and thorough inspection of signals running at the interface. However, increases in interface signaling frequency may aggravate misalignment between sampling clocks and signals as well as among multiple signals, rendering signal acquisition and inspection difficult. To address this problem, this paper proposes a dynamic phase alignment scheme that can be used within a signal acquisition system. The proposed scheme was implemented on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board and was verified to successfully capture interface signals.
Strategy fit and performance consequences of international marketing standardization

This study addresses a long-standing debate in the literature regarding the appropriateness and performance consequences of marketing strategy standardization vs. adaptation. Much of the relevant literature represents the headquarters' viewpoint and broadly assesses antecedents of standardization or adaptation across widely varying markets. Using strategic fit as the theoretical platform for analysis, the study investigates international marketing strategy for a specific product or line within subsidiaries of U.S., Japanese, and German multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in the U.K. The results indicate that degree of strategy standardization is significantly related to similarity between markets with respect to regulatory environments, technological intensity and velocity, customs and traditions, customer characteristics, a product's stage in its life cycle, and competitive intensity. On the critical question of performance consequences, the findings suggest that superior performance results from strategy standardization only to the extent that there is fit or coalignment between the MNC's environmental context and its international marketing strategy choice. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein inhibits activation pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T-cell lines

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein causes the loss of cell surface CD4 and interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (Tac) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CD4+ T-cell lines. As both CD4 and the IL-2 receptor play crucial roles in antigen-driven helper T-cell signalling and T-cell proliferation, respectively, the role of Nef in the viral life cycle may be to perturb signalling pathways emanating from these receptors. However, the intracellular targets for Nef that result in receptor down-regulation are unknown. Using a recombinant glutathione S-transferase-full-length 27 kDa Nef (Nef27) fusion protein, produced in Escherichia coli by translation from the first start codon of HIV-1 nef clone pNL4-3, as an affinity reagent to probe cytoplasmic extracts of MT-2 cells and PBMC, we have shown interaction with at least seven host cell protein species ranging from 24 to 75 kDa. Immunoblotting identified four of these proteins as p56lck, CD4, p53, and p44mapk/erk1, all of which are intimately involved in intracellular signalling. To assess the relevance of these interactions and further define the biochemical activity of Nef in signal transduction pathways, highly purified Nef27 protein was introduced directly into PBMC by electroporation. Nef27-treated PBMC showed reduced proliferative responsiveness to exogenous recombinant IL-2. Normally, stimulation of T-cells by IL-2 or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate provokes both augmentation of p56lck activity and corresponding posttranslational modification of p56lck. These changes were also inhibited by treatment of PBMC with Nef, suggesting that Nef interferes with activation of p56lck and as a consequence of signalling via the IL-2 receptor. Further evidence for Nef interfering with cell proliferation was the decreased production of the proto-oncogene c-myb, which is required for cell cycle progression, in Nef-treated MT-2 cells. In contrast to the binding characteristics and biological effects of Nef27, the alternate 25-kDa isoform of Nef (Nef25) produced by translation from the second start codon of HIV nef pNL4-3 (57 nucleotide residues downstream) was shown to interact with only three cellular proteins of approximately 26, 28, and 56 kDa from PBMC and MT-2 cells, one of which was identified as p56lck. Also, proliferation and posttranslational modification of p56lck in response to IL-2 stimulation were not profoundly affected by treatment of PBMC with Nef25 compared with Nef27. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Interstitial Spaces: Microinteraction Settings and the Genesis of New Practices Between Institutional Fields

I develop a model linking specific microinteraction dynamics between members of different institutional fields and the genesis of new practices. The model centers on the concept of interstitial spaces—that is, small-scale settings where individuals from different fields interact occasionally and informally around common activities to which they devote limited time (e.g., hobbyist clubs, hangouts, workshops, meet-ups). I argue that the features of interstitial spaces (e.g., their institutional diversity and their occasional and informal nature) facilitate the individuals interacting in these settings to temporarily break free from existing institutions and experiment collectively with new activities and ideas. However, these very same features hinder the constitution of such new activities and ideas into new practices. I identify two microlevel conditions that enable the new activities and ideas developed in interstitial spaces to be constituted into new practices: the emergence of successful interaction r.
TRŽNÍ ORIENTACE JAKO NÁSTROJ PRO ZVYŠOVÁNÍ KONKURENCESCHOPNOSTI

Tento přispěvek se zabýva tržni orientaci jako jednim z prostředků vedoucich k vytvořeni konkurencni výhody. Cilem přispěvku je prozkoumat vztah mezi tržni orientaci, orientaci na zakaznika, orientaci na zaměstnance a podnikovým výkonem u hi-tech firem v Ceske republice. Přispěvek obsahuje výsledky výzkumu implementace tržni orientace u hi-tech firem podporovaneho Grantovou agenturou Ceske republiky (GA402/07/1493).
The emergency department as a pathway to admission for poor and high-cost patients.

BACKGROUND --To determine the importance of the emergency department as the means of access to the hospital for the poor and the fiscal implications of providing these services, we examined the relationship between patients' socioeconomic status and admission via the emergency department. We also determined the association between entering the hospital via the emergency department and hospital resource use. METHODS --We conducted a study of 20,089 patients admitted to five Massachusetts hospitals (three community, two tertiary care) during a 6-month period. We determined the proportions of patients within various socioeconomic and disease groupings who entered through the emergency department. We compared length of stay and charges for patients admitted through the emergency department with those for patients admitted through other routes. RESULTS --Overall, 51% of patients entered via the emergency department. Elderly patients (age greater than 65 years; odds ratio, 1.87) and patients with lower socioeconomic status as measured by income, occupation, and education (odds ratios, 2.38, 1.47, and 1.69, respectively) were more likely to enter the hospital via the emergency department than other patients. After adjustment for diagnosis related group, severity as measured by DRGSCALE, and socioeconomic status as measured by income, and excluding outliers, patients admitted via the emergency department stayed 27% longer and incurred 13% higher charges than other patients (P less than .001). CONCLUSIONS --Our data indicate that patients with lower socioeconomic status are more likely than other patients to use the emergency department as their means of access to the hospital and that patients admitted via the emergency department use far more resources than patients in the same diagnosis related group admitted by other means. Hospitals that make emergency department services more available may be more likely to hospitalize socioeconomically disadvantaged patients and may be at a substantial financial disadvantage under per-case reimbursement systems such as Medicare.
Enhanced Phytoextraction: I. Effect of EDTA and Citric Acid on Heavy Metal Mobility in a Calcareous Soil

Phytoextraction, the use of plants to extract heavy metals from contaminated soils, could be an interesting alternative to conventional remediation technologies. However, calcareous soils with relatively high total metal contents are difficult to phytoremediate due to low soluble metal concentrations. Soil amendments such as ethylene diaminetetraacetate (EDTA) have been suggested to increase heavy metal bioavailability and uptake in aboveground plant parts. Strong persistence of EDTA and risks of leaching of potentially toxic metals and essential nutrients have led to research on easily biodegradable soil amendments such as citric acid. In our research, EDTA is regarded as a scientific benchmark with which degradable alternatives are compared for enhanced phytoextraction purposes. The effects of increasing doses of EDTA (0.1, 1, 10 mmol kg−1 dry soil) and citric acid (0.01, 0.05, 0.25, 0.442, 0.5 mol kg−1 dry soil) on bioavailable fractions of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were assessed in one part of our study and results are presented in this article. The evolution of labile soil fractions of heavy metals over time was evaluated using water paste saturation extraction (∼ soluble fraction), extraction with 1 M NH4OAc at pH 7 (∼ exchangeable fraction), and extraction with 0.5 M NH4OAc + 0.5 M HOAc + 0.02 M EDTA at pH 4.65 (∼ potentially bioavailable fraction). Both citric acid and EDTA produced a rapid initial increase in labile heavy metal fractions. Metal mobilization remained constant in time for soils treated with EDTA, but a strong exponential decrease of labile metal fractions was noted for soils treated with citric acid. The half life of heavy metal mobilization by citric acid varied between 1.5 and 5.7 d. In the following article, the effect of heavy metal mobilization on uptake by Helianthus annuus will be presented.
How do Intangible Assets Create Economic Value? An Application to Banks

This paper examines the determinants of economic value and investment behavior of Spanish banks under the theory of investment for a multi-asset firm, focusing on three key issues: i) the distinction between immaterial and intangible assets and how each of them is related to the economic value of the firm; ii) the test of whether the accumulation of intangibles is a consequence of incurring adjustment costs or, on the contrary, intangibles are accumulated at no cost; iii) how to account for market power in the valuation of the multi-assets firm. The empirical results quantify the contribution of material, immaterial (information technology and advertising) and intangible (organization capital) assets to economic value of Spanish banks, separated from the contribution of market power. We find that intangible assets build up from adjustment costs of investments in IT and rents from market power split evenly the economic value of the bank above the replacement cost of material and immaterial assets.
Long-term effects of ‘ecstasy’ abuse on the human brain studied by FDG PET

The popular recreational drug, ‘ecstasy’, mainly contains 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as the psychotropic agent. MDMA is suspected of causing neurotoxic lesions to the serotonergic system as demonstrated by animal studies, examinations of human cerebrospinal fluid, and the first positron emission tomography (PET) studies using the serotonin transporter ligand [11C]-McN5652. Damage of serotonergic afferents might mediate long-lasting alterations of cerebral glucose metabolism as a secondary effect. To study a relationship between ecstasy use and long-lasting alterations, PET using 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) was performed in 93 ecstasy users and 27 subjects without any known history of illicit-drug abuse. As an index of glucose metabolism, mean normalized FDG uptake was determined in both groups using a computerized brain atlas, and was compared for a selected number of brain regions. FDG uptake was normalized in each individual by dividing local FDG uptake by the maximum FDG uptake in the individual's brain. Within the group of ecstasy users we examined the relationship between FDG uptake and cumulative ecstasy dose, time since last ecstasy ingestion at the time of PET scanning, and age at first ecstasy use, respectively. Normalized FDG uptake was reduced within the striatum and amygdala of ecstasy users when compared to controls. No statistically significant correlation of the FDG uptake and the cumulative dose of ecstasy was detected. A positive correlation was found in the cingulate between FDG uptake and the time since last ecstasy ingestion. As compared to the control group, normalized FDG uptake in the cingulate was reduced in ecstasy users who took ecstasy during the last 6 months, while it was elevated in former ecstasy users who did not consume ecstasy for more than 1 year. FDG uptake was significantly more affected in ecstasy users who started to consume ecstasy before the age of 18 years. In conclusion, ecstasy abuse causes long-lasting effects on glucose metabolism in the human brain. These effects are more severe in the case of very early abuse. However, several questions still remain to be answered, i.e. the correlation of the neuronal alterations and the history of ecstasy use (cumulative dose, and time since the last dose) and its reversibility.
Case Report: Spontaneous Remission of Metastatic Endometrial Carcinoma Through the Lim Lifestyle

This case report records 2 discrete episodes of spontaneous remission of metastatic endometrial cancer (into peritoneum and omentum) in a 41-yr-old female following the “Lim Lifestyle” therapy alone. This lifestyle is an originally formulated holistic approach toward cancer consisting of nutritional, spiritual, and mental therapies. Cancer regression was measured symptomatologically, serologically, and radiologically (resolved ascites and reduced omental cake).
The Role of User-Generated Content in Tourists' Travel Planning Behavior

This article reports on research that investigates how websites containing user-generated content (UGC) are used by consumers and the role they have on their information search and travel behavior. The research, conducted via an online survey, represents the views of more than 12,000 hospitality and tourism consumers. The results suggest that although these sites are popular, they are not yet considered to be as credible or trustworthy as existing sources of travel information such as government-sponsored tourism websites. UGC (or Web 2.0 sites, as they are also known) appear to act as an additional source of information that travelers consider as part of their information search process, rather than as the only source of information. The study is significant in that it appears to be one of the few investigations that captures the perceptions of the travel consumer and the way they relate to the information value associated with Web 2.0 sites.
The role of family interactions in HIV risk for gay and bisexual male youth: A pilot study

ABSTRACT Despite ongoing prevention efforts, young gay and bisexual males continue to engage in sexual behaviors that place them at disproportionately high risk for HIV infection. Parental monitoring and parent–child communication have been found to be associated with low-risk sexual behavior among heterosexual youth, but the role of family interactions for gay and bisexual male youth remains largely unexplored. To help address this gap, an exploratory study of recorded and coded interactions among 35 gay and bisexual youth and their parents was done to begin to identify which types of family interactions were associated with youth high-risk sexual behavior. Parent–son communication that was mutual and low in conflict was found to be most prevalent among youth with the fewest reported high-risk sexual behaviors. These preliminary findings, along with a case example, demonstrate how social workers can coach families to engage in productive and potentially influential interactions that reduce HIV-related sexual behaviors among young gay and bisexual males.
The Chinese IPO Examination Mechanism Affected by Administrative Factors: New Evidence from Rejected IPO Firms

Administrative factors permeate the Chinese financial market. This study provides an insight into the emerging government-dominated IPO market. Using up-to-date data from 520 listed firms and 140 rejected IPO applicants in the Chinese stock market over 2006 to 2012, this study, based on prior analytical framework (Bhattacharya et al., 2010; Hearn, 2013), includes some IPO-related administrative factors into its multivariate regression model. It aims to examine, to some degree, these determinants affect the Chinese IPO examination mechanism. It suggests that the IPO probability is determined by selected administrative factors that are ultimately decided by the authorities, once the IPO applicants satisfy the minimum financial requirements. Those applicants with strong government background are more likely to pass the IPO examination.
Survey into health problems of elderly people: a comparison of self-report with proxy information.

BACKGROUND This study was conducted as part of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. OBJECTIVE To compare information given by elderly people on their past and current health and family history of illness with similar information obtained from a relative, friend or carer. DESIGN Screening and assessment stages of a prevalence study. SETTING Three urban and two rural areas of England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS A subsample weighted by age and cognitive status of random population samples of people >/=65 years, living in their own home or in a residential or nursing home, interviewed between 1991 and 1994. A relative, friend or carer identified by each elderly person to provide proxy information. INTERVIEW: Computerized schedules including items on demographic details, cognitive function, lifetime illnesses, current health problems and family history of illness. RESULTS The rate of proxy 'don't know' responses and the agreement between the elderly person and their proxy were calculated for each item, both for the overall sample and for subgroups based on characteristics of the respondent and of the proxy and on the relationship between them. Higher 'don't know' rates were found to be particularly associated with more distant relationships, questions on family history, a shorter length of time known and a lack of co-residence. Agreement was strongly related to the nature of the question and less to co-residence, with other factors such as relationship having much smaller effects. CONCLUSIONS Proxy information on past and current health problems can be almost complete and in good agreement with self-report, particularly where the proxy lives with the respondent. On family history of illness, history of head injury or boxing and current sleep problems, proxy information is likely to be less complete and show poor agreement. A proxy who is not a close relative is likely to give less complete information but agreement will not be substantially lower.