Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Airborne Hot-Wire Measurements of Ice Water Content in Clouds

Airborne measurements of ice water content (IWC) in both ice and mixed-phase clouds remain one of the long-standing problems in experimental cloud physics. For nearly three decades, IWC has been measured with the help of the Nevzorov hot-wire total water content (TWC) sensor, which had an inverted cone shape. It was assumed that ice particles would be captured inside the cone and then completely melt and evaporate. However, wind tunnel experiments conducted with the help of high-speed video recordings showed that ice particles may bounce out of the TWC cone, resulting in the underestimation of the measured IWC. The TWC sensor was modified to improve the capture efficiency of ice particles. The modified sensor was mounted on the National Research Council (NRC) Convair-580 and its measurements in ice clouds were compared with the measurements of the original Nevzorov TWC sensor, a Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT) counterflow virtual impactor (CVI), and IWC calculated from the particle size distribution measured by optical array probes (OAPs). Results indicated that the IWC measured by the modified TWC hot-wire sensor as well as the CVI and that deduced from the OAP size distributions agreed reasonably well when the maximum size of ice particles did not exceed 4mm. However, IWC measured by the original TWC sensor was approximately 3 times lower than that measured by the other three techniques. This result can be used for the retrieval of the past IWC measurements obtained with this TWC sensor. For clouds with ice particles larger than 4mm, the IWC measured by the modified TWC sensor and CVI exhibited diverging measurements.
A new 2d single series model of transverse vibration of a multi-layered sandwich beam with perfectly clamped edges

A new two-dimmensional, single series local model of the transverse vibration of a multi-layer, one-span sandwich beam composed of isotropic layers with ideally (perfectly) clamped ends is proposed in the paper. The model is derived within the local theory of linear elastodynamics and it is composed of two two-dimmensional fields and of two approximations of three-dimmensional fields satisfying exactly the equations of motion as well as the Saint-Venant compatibility equations of the theory. All through-the-thickness boundary conditions of the local theory of elastodynamics as well as all local compatibility equations (for the displacements and stresses) between adjoining layers are fulfiled in the model. Both the cross-sectional warping and the transverse compliance(s) in each layer of the beam are taken into account, thus the model is applicable to the classical three-layer sandwich beam and to a multi-layer sandwich or laminated narrow structure.
Forage Nutritional Quality Evaluation of Bahiagrass Selections during Autumn in Florida

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is the major pasture forage in the southern Gulf Coast, USA. A bahiagrass selection breeding program has been ongoing since 1960 at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton, Georgia, USA, to increase forage yield in Pensacola (P. notatum var. sanese) bahiagrass. However, the impact of selecting for forage yield on forage nutritional quality is unknown. Forage quality was evaluated on four Pensacola derived selection cycles (C) of bahiagrass [C0 (Pensacola), C4, C9 (Tifton 9), and C23]. A total of 175 plants per cycle were grown. Forage from individual 1-year-old plants was harvested by hand on 3 October and again on 15 November 2000. The samples were dried, ground, and analyzed using internally calibrated near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for dry matter (DM), in vitro–digestible organic matter (IVDOM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP). Cycle means (g kg–1 DM basis combined over both harvest dates) for IVDOM, NDF, and CP were 497, 810, and 142; 503, 797, and 137; 528, 787, and 132; and 520, 785, and 129 for C0, C4, C9, and C23, respectively. The average IVDOM of C4 was greater than for C0 (P = 0.03) and that for C9 was greater than for C4 (P < 0.001). Results indicated that forage quality also increased with advancing selection cycles for increasing yield.
Overcoming the planning fallacy through willpower : effects of implementation intentions on actual and predicted task-completion times

Previous work has shown that people often underestimate their task-completion times (Buehler, Griffin, & Ross, 1994). The present research examined whether this optimistic bias may be reduced through the formation of implementation intentions. In an experimental study, participants were requested to complete an assignment within a specified time period. Half of these participants made implementation intentions about where and when they would complete the assignment. The remaining participants were simply given the goal of completing the assignment. The results showed that furnishing participants' goals with implementation intentions led to (a) more optimistic completion predictions, (b) an even greater increase in actual rates of goal completion, and, consequently, (c) a significant reduction in optimistic bias in completion predictions. Furthermore, the reduction in optimistic bias among implementation–intention participants was found to be mediated by a smaller number of interruptions while working on the assignment. Together, these findings attest to the importance of implementation planning in overcoming unrealistic optimism in task-completion predictions. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SOUTH KOREAN FTAS

I evaluate the degree to which South Korea’s FTAs have affected trade between South Korea and its FTA partner countries and trade of 11 industrial sectors of South Korea. I use both a fixed effects regression model and a Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood fixed effects model, in order to deal with biases from country-pair fixed effects and zero-trade values. For the country-level analysis, I utilize 1990–2011 trade data of 95 countries from the IMF’s Direction of Trade Statistics and find that the South Korea–Chile and South Korea–India FTAs have had positive effects on trade, but the effect of the South Korea–EFTA FTA has no statistical significance. The South Korea–ASEAN FTA has had a wide spectrum of trade effects among the 10 ASEAN countries. Additionally, I try to estimate the differential effects of South Korea’s FTAs on its exports from 11 industrial sectors using HS 4-digit–level export data for South Korea to 33 countries. Korean FTAs have considerably increased South Korea’s textile, food, paper, and chemical exports. However, Korean FTAs have not brought any positive effects on electronics and motor industry exports in South Korea.
A Panel Data Analysis of Electric Consumptions in the Residential Sector

The present work analyses a dataset on electricity consumption in an Italian region for a period of 11 years, using aggregated data on municipalities. Our aim is to estimate the value of the price elasticity, of the income elasticity and cross-price elasticity of other fuels and to analyse the influence of socio-economic, demographic, structural and climate variables on consumption levels and trends. The FEVD procedure, recently proposed by Plumper and Troeger (2007), is adopted to estimate panel data characterised by the presence of time invariant variables, or variables which vary rarely in time.
Population Dynamics of Double-Crested Cormorants in Two Interior Breeding Areas

Because of rapid population expansion, conflicts between double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and humans have increased, particularly at aquaculture facilities in the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV), United States. Although key demographic information on the Interior populationissparse,management decisions forpopulation reduction are alreadyinplaceacrosstheir breeding range. New evidence suggests the Appalachian Mountains may act as a migration divide for Interior cormorants, causing some birds to migrate between LMRV and the western Great Lakes, whereas others migrate between Florida and theeastern Great Lakes. Mostof the banded cormorants recovered near LMRV aquaculture facilities were banded as nestlings at colonies from the central Great Lakes west to the northern Great Plains. We selected 2 geographically distinct Interior cormorant breeding areas: west of the Great Lakes in Lake of the Woods (LOW) and eastern Lake Ontario (ELO), located on either side of the migration divide in the province of Ontario, Canada, to study population dynamics. We used age-specific classes for our mark-recapture analysis (Program MARK) on data collected from 9,498 color-banded cormorants during the breeding seasons of 2000-2008. Adult survival was the same for both areas (LOW ¼0.84 � 0.09 SE, ELO ¼0.83 � 0.05 SE). Finite rates of population growth (l) were also similar (LOW ¼1.01, ELO ¼0.97) and sensitivity analyses indicated that adult survival was the most influential vital rate contributing to l for both breeding areas. However, young-of-the-year survival estimates were distinctly less in ELO (0.19 � 0.02 SE) than in LOW (0.45 � 0.10 SE) and sensitivity analysis revealed that young-of-the-year survival played a key role in ELO population growth. Moreover, ELO breeding area fidelity (F) was much greater (0.94 � 0.05 SE) than the F estimates for all age classes in LOW (between 0.68 � 0.19 SE and 0.80 � 0.13 SE). Considering these regional demographic differences, we recommend that future management efforts be based on migratory flyways within the Interior population. 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Acute gastroenteritis among indigenous paediatric patients – a descriptive study in a rural district Hospital, Sarawak

Introduction: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the frequent causes of hospitalization in children under the age of five, particularly in a rural setting. This study was conducted to determine the epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis in indigenous children admitted to a rural district hospital in Sarawak. Methods: A retrospective review of indigenous paediatrics cases of acute gastroenteritis admitted to the ward of Serian District Hospital, a rural district hospital in Sarawak, between the years 2006-2007. The data was collected from the patients’ case notes, obtained with permission from the hospital management. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: During the study period, 234 indigenous children with acute gastroenteritis were admitted with the highest prevalence in 2006 (53.4%). The findings showed higher prevalence was found in children aged 3 years and below (76.5%) and male (56.4%) The minimum duration of hospital stay is 1 day, and the maximum stay is 5 days. The clinical findings showed that the majority of the cases presented with vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth and tongue, sunken eye, with the majority (76%) reported having mild dehydration. The most common treatment used is oral rehydration solutions (85.4%), followed by intravenous bolus or drip (82.3%), paracetamol (79%) and antibiotic (36.2%). Peak incidence of admissions was between November to January. About 38.5% of the AGE cases admitted were found to be underweight (weightfor-age below -2SD). Conclusion: The findings indicated children aged 3 years and below are the most vulnerable to AGE and malnutrition could be one of the predisposing factors. The peak incidence during the raining season at the end of the year indicated a possible relationship between AGE and seasonal type of virus infection. Prevention in the form of proper hygiene at the household level probably will prove to be useful.
Wage Inequality, Linkages and FDI

This paper extends the existing literature on FDI and wage inequality. We do this in two ways. Firstly, we incorporate more precise measures of inward investment into the model, by allowing for differences in the effects between horizontal and vertical FDI. Secondly, after establishing the effects that inward investment has on wage inequality, we then analyse the reasons for this in terms of the wages paid to skilled and unskilled workers, and the effect that inward investment has on this. We illustrate the important differences that horizontal and vertical FDI have on both wages and wage inequality, and the importance of allowing for regional differences in the results. FDI nationally tends to increase wage inequality, while the local, effects are opposite. FDI into assisted areas tends to increase wage inequality nationally, when the MNEs purchase inputs in the local region.
Surface chemistry of plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 studied by infrared spectroscopy

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
A comprehensive assessment of vulnerability, poverty and crime risks of urban Mexican households

The University of Manchester Candidate’s full name: Vicente Adrian Rivera-Garcia Degree title: Doctor of Philosophy Thesis title: A comprehensive assessment of vulnerability, poverty and crime risks of urban Mexican households Date: September 2016. This thesis studies vulnerability to poverty and its determinants, as well as the effects of crime risks on economic wellbeing of Mexican urban households. Specifically, estimates of the level of vulnerability to earnings poverty and vulnerability to consumption poverty of families are obtained. Also, the effects of crime rates, vandalism, crime victimization, and subjective indicators of criminal perception on household total income are explored. The first chapter analyses the determinants of per capita labour earnings, putting special emphasis on labour income effects of generic idiosyncratic and covariate shocks and drug-related crimes. Then a series of vulnerability to earnings poverty profiles are constructed (global, demographic and educational, regional, and labour). In the second chapter, estimates of the causal effect of a municipal crime severity index on the levels of ex ante mean and ex ante variance of consumption expenditures as well as on vulnerability to consumption poverty are presented. Factors that determine the transitory (or stochastic) part as well as the permanent (or deterministic) part of per capita annual consumption are also considered. This chapter includes estimates on the probability that a given household has today of falling into poverty in the future. A global vulnerability profile and a vulnerability and poverty profile by deciles of criminal severity are also built up. Moreover, a standard vulnerability to consumption poverty profile by demographic, educational and labour characteristics is included. In the third chapter the causal effects of covariate and idiosyncratic crime hazards and shocks on household per capita equivalent total income were estimated. This chapter considers personal and property crimes divided into seven categories: robbery-theft-burglary, break-in, property damage, intentional homicide, aggravated assault, sexual abuse and kidnapping. The income effect of locality vandalism is also evaluated. This chapter also presents point estimates that show the income effects of crime fear of being robbed in the day and at night, and on the subjective likelihood of future victimization. The income effect of robbery victimization was estimated as well.
Development of the Korean Christian version of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (KCDSES)

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to validate the Korean Christian Version of Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (KCDSES). To achieve this research goal, this study executed an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis. The result is as follows: during the exploratory factor analysis, two factors were found and were compared to the one factor of the original Daily Spiritual Experience Scale through parallel analysis. During the confirmatory factor analysis, this study found that a two-factor model had a proper model fit, as opposed to an alternative model. The KCDSES proved convergent validity and properly reflected the characteristics of the original scale.
Occurrence of Antibiotics in Water and Sediment from Zizhuyuan Lake

The occurrence of 22 antibiotics, including eight quinolones, nine sulfonamides and five macrolides in water and sediment from Zizhuyuan Lake has been investigated in Beijing, China. Sediment samples were extracted by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Aqueous extracts from PLE and water samples were concentrated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI MS/MS). Antibiotics were detected in concentrations of up to 20 ng/L in water samples and 52.1 μg/kg in sediments. Quinolones were the most prevalent contaminants in water body, accounting for 63.4%, while quinolones and macrolides were prominent in sediments, accounting for 55.1% and 41.7%, respectively. The environmental risk assessment revealed that some antibiotics, in particular Ofloxacin (OFL) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), could cause high damage to algae and plants in the aquatic ecosystem.
Blended-Learning in a Graduate Accounting Course: Student Satisfaction and Course Design Issues

This paper reports student perceptions from a traditional classroom section and a blended-learning section of an MBA accounting course. Blended learning course delivery offers an attractive mix between traditional classroom and purely online delivery by including a limited number of in-class meetings during a semester. The results suggest that tradeoffs continue to exist, but that blended learning may close some gaps between traditional and purely online delivery. For instance, blended-learning students had more positive group work experiences and had more positive perceptions of the instructor’s feedback and responsiveness to questions outside of class. However, blended-learning still falls short in terms of sufficiency of interaction. Importantly, blended-learning students value having some in-class time and tend to believe that the benefits of having a few class meetings outweigh the costs in terms of time and energy. The study yields important initial information regarding the appropriate number of class meetings to include in a blended-learning course.
Effects of reduced ultraviolet radiation on aqueous concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethylsulfide during a microcosm study in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary

In August 1994, microcosm experiments were conducted wlth the natural phytoplankton community from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary. Canada, in order to determine the influence of ultraviolet rad~atlon (UVR) on the production of d~methylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS). The planktonic community was exposed for 4 2 h to 2 different light regimes: natural light conditlons and I! VR reduced by 95 % using UF3 filters. Throughout the experiments, flagellates dominated the algal con~munity. During the first day, the production rate of DMS under reduced UVR was 4 times greater than under natural llght conditions, suggesting a decrease in the loss rate of DMS under reduced UVR. There were no slgmf~cant effects of the light regimes on particulate DMSP (DMSP,), dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), DMSP,/chlorophyll a and DMSP,/total algal cell number ratlos dunng the first 24 h. During the second day, DMSP, concentrations, DMSP,/chlorophyll a and DMSP,/total algal cell number ratios increased significantly under reduced U\'R whereas these variables decreased in the microcosms exposed to natural light conditions. These results suggest that the reduction of UVR favoured the accumulation of DMSP in algal cells. We conclude that the reduction of UVR affects the DMSP/DMS dynamics in sea\vatelat 2 levels depending on the time frame considered: on a short-term basls (<24 h ) , it increases the DMS concentration, probably by decreasing its removal, on a long-term basis (>24 h) , it increases algal DMSP content, probably by st~mulating the synthes~s and/or by inhibiting the excretion of DMSP.
Seismic and aseismic fault slip before and during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

The March 11, 2011, off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake is the first great subduction zone earthquake to be recorded by a dense, modern network of geodetic quality Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, and hence presents an unprecedented opportunity to study the evolution of fault slip during the time periods immediately before, during, and after a truly great earthquake. We utilized sub-daily GPS data to constrain the slip distribution in the March 9 Mw 7.3 foreshock, the 50-hour time period between the foreshock, and the coseismic slip during the Mw 9.0 mainshock. We find that the foreshock ruptured downdip from its hypocenter, that there was considerable (Mw ~ 7.3) slip during the 50 hours between the foreshock and the mainshock, and that the peak mainshock slip was about 35 m. The mainshock’s epicenter may have been triggered by afterslip that followed the foreshock. Additionally, the mainshock slip distribution was centered further updip than the peak interseismic coupling estimated from GPS data in the ten years before the earthquake.
Returns to Education and Education-Occupation Mismatch within a Transition Economy. Empirical Analysis for the Russian Federation

This paper makes a thorough analysis of the returns to tertiary education and education-occupation matches within a transition economy and compares these returns to similar returns in a developed economy. This study shows through the example of the Russian Federation that the increase in the returns to education which happened in previous years does not indicate that the labor market is becoming closer to that of developed countries. The standard estimation of the returns to education is deconstructed in three parts characterizing the labor market : education-occupation match, payment for occupations and payment for productivity within occupations. First, I compare the non-parametric estimation of wage distributions by educational and occupational groups within the Russian labor market and a developed country's labor market (I take France as an example). Second, I estimate a joint reduced-form model of the educational choice, labor market participation, placement of employees among occupational categories and wage formation. This joint model allows us to take into account correlations between unobservable factors that simultaneously influence the educational choice, occupational choice and final wage. A wide range of explanatory variables is used, characterizing not only individuals, but also their households, job, industries of work and regions. This allows us to analyze the influence of the family's network on the placements among occupational categories and wage formation. I take into account the observed heterogeneity of returns to education among the analyzed population. The results show the advantages of the proposed approach for the analysis of transition labor markets when compared with the standard approaches to transition economies.