Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migrant Farmworker Mothers Talk About the Meaning of Food

PurposeTo describe the meaning of food in the family life of migrant farmworker mothers; specifically to describe their understanding of the relationship of dietary intake to health, the environmental contributors to their families' dietary intake, and the use of foods in the commemoration of family occasions. MethodsThe PRECEDE-PROCEED self-management model guided the qualitative research study, which used short, guided interviews conducted at Midwest migrant camps. A sample of 43 Mexican mothers answered three interview questions, the answers to which were transcribed verbatim, read, sorted, and arranged into categories and then themes. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. ResultsThe themes identified from the interviews were a) meal cost, b) lack of preparation time, c) distance to store locations, d) the importance of traditional ethnic foods, and e) limited knowledge of healthy food choices. Clinical implicationsPediatric nurses should remember that before they dispense nutritional anticipatory guidance, situational and cultural assessments are needed. Because vulnerable populations such as migrant farmworkers have limited resources to follow nurses' teachings, nurses need to become knowledgeable about what is available in the community to support these families. In addition, facility appointment times may need to be expanded to accommodate their long work hours, and modes of transportation need to be evaluated. Recommendations for anticipatory guidance, prescriptions, treatments, and over-the-counter items need to consider cost and ease in purchase, and cultural acceptability.
Recent Genetic Transfer between Lactococcus lactis and Enterobacteria

ABSTRACT The genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis revealed that the ycdB gene was recently exchanged between lactococci and enterobacteria. The present study of ycdB orthologs suggests that L. lactis was probably the gene donor and reveals three instances of gene transfer to enterobacteria. Analysis of ycdB gene transfer between two L. lactis subspecies, L. lactis subsp. lactis and L. lactis subsp. cremoris, indicates that the gene can be mobilized, possibly by conjugation.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Home Country Exports

Exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) are two alternative foreign markets entry modes. From a theoretical point of view, there are arguments which support two different relationships between FDI and exports: complementary and substitution. Most empirical studies, however, have concluded with a complementary relationship. Since existing studies at more disaggregated levels have focused solely on the manufacturing industry, this paper aims at studying the relationship between FDI and home country exports based on a large sample of Portuguese firms, belonging to manufacturing and services, for the period 2006–2012. Using a fixed-effects model, results obtained suggest that the control of heterogeneity between firms is essential to clarify the relationship between FDI and exports and this has been a factor often overlooked.
Intercolony Aggression Within and Among Local Populations of the Invasive Ant, Myrmica rubra (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in Coastal Maine

Abstract Myrmica rubra L. was introduced into New England in the early 20th century, and at present, has a patchy distribution in parts of northeastern North America, including records from 31 communities in Maine. M. rubra is highly polygynous, and colonies reproduce vegetatively, forming dense local populations where conditions are favorable. Using mobile nests and baited arenas in a series of field aggression bioassays, we tested patterns of internest tolerance within and among local populations on Mt. Desert Island, ME. We found that foragers originating from fragments of the same colony or from neighboring nests retained a high level of intraspecific tolerance over several months, whereas significant intercolony aggression among workers was present between colonies within the same local patch separated by ≈10 m. Within populations, aggression score values were found to increase linearly with internest distance within a site. Aggression was highest between colonies from spatially different populations on the island and was higher still when nests were assayed against colonies at an off-island site 70 km away in Castine, ME. These data strongly suggest a multicolonial organization within and among local populations of M. rubra in parts of its introduced range. These findings contradict the loss of intraspecific aggression and unicolonial social structure over large geographic areas that have previously been observed in other invasive ant species, particularly Linepithema humile Mayr.
General Practitioners' Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding the Management of Chronic Low Back Pain in Ireland: A Cross-sectional National Survey

ObjectivesGeneral practitioners (GPs) manage the majority of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) in the Republic of Ireland's health system; however, little is known about their attitudes and beliefs, and how these influence their practice behavior. This study aimed to determine the attitudes and beliefs of GPs regarding chronic LBP, the factors that influence these, and their impact on the management of patients with chronic LBP. MethodA cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a random sample of GPs (n=750) was undertaken. The questionnaire pack contained a demographic questionnaire, an attitudes measure (the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale, which measured “biomedical” and “biopsychosocial” orientations), and 2 LBP clinical vignettes. ResultsThe response rate was 57% (n=432). Doctor-related factors (use of LBP clinical guidelines, number of years qualified) had a statistically significant impact on biomedical scores, that is, those who used guidelines, and were qualified a shorter time had significantly lower biomedical scores (P<0.05); however, they had a limited impact on the consultation outcomes. No doctor-related factor impacted on the biopsychosocial score, and only sex impacted on the consultation outcome, that is, female GPs referred patients more frequently to allied health professionals. DiscussionThe current results show partial adherence to current LBP guidelines: GPs manage patients within a biomedical framework, and postgraduate education is not significantly impacting on chronic LBP management. GPs' beliefs do not correlate with their management, which only reflects partial adherence to LBP guideline recommendations. Further research is needed to explore the role of patient factors in the consultation outcomes.
Information Used by an Expert Paediatric Occupational Therapist When Making Clinical Decisions

Background. Occupational therapists use a range of types and sources of information when making clinical decisions. It is unclear how this information is integrated. Purpose. This paper describes an exploratory qualitative case study that identified the types and sources of information accessed by one experienced paediatric therapist and how this information was combined and prioritised when making clinical decisions. Methods. Data were collected using observations of therapy sessions, key informant interviews, and semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed the-matically. Findings. To inform clinical decisions, the participant prioritised information about each child in his or her context when making decisions. Other types of information from text books and journals, professional development activities and professional and personal experience, expanded her unique body of knowledge over time. Implications. Re-conceptualisation of how information use supports clinical decision making and expands a therapist's unique body of knowledge over time can support client-centred practice in occupational therapy.
Neoadjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: Systematic Review of Postoperative Morbidity, Mortality, and Complications

The purpose of this review was to assess whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) result in differential postoperative morbidity and mortality as compared with pancreatic tumor resection surgery alone. Using PRISMA guidelines and the PubMed search engine, we reviewed all prospective phase II trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and CRT for pancreatic cancer that examined postoperative morbidities and mortalities. A total of 30 articles were identified, collated, and analyzed. Risks of postoperative complications vary based on trial. With surgery alone, the most common postoperative complications included delayed gastric emptying (DGE) (17% to 24%), pancreatic fistula (10% to 20%), anastomotic leaks (0% to 15%), postoperative bleeding (2% to 13%), and infections/sepsis (17% to 20%). With surgery alone, the mortality was <5%. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed comparable fistula rates (3% to 4%), leaks (3% to 11%), infection (3% to 7%), with mortality 0% to 4% in all but 1 study. CRT for resectable/borderline resectable patients also showed comparable complication rates: DGE (6% to 15%), fistulas (2% to 3%), leaks (3% to 7%), bleeding/hemorrhage (2% to 13%), infections/sepsis (3% to 19%), with 9/13 studies showing a mortality of ⩽4%. As compared with initially borderline/resectable tumors, CRT for initially unresectable tumors (despite less data) showed higher complication rates: DGE (13% to 33%), fistulas (3% to 25%), infections/sepsis (3% to 16%). However, the confounding factor of the potentially higher tumor burden as an associative agent remains. The only parameters slightly higher than historical surgery-only complication rates were leaks and bleeding/hemorrhage (13% to 20%). Mortality rates in these patients were consistently 0%, with 2 outliers. Hence, neoadjuvant chemotherapy/CRT is safe from a postoperative complication standpoint, without significant increases in complication rates compared with surgery alone. Resectable and borderline resectable patients have fewer complications as compared with unresectable patients, although data for the latter are lacking.
Migrants’ Remittances as a Source of Funding Local Development: Case of Burkinabè Migrants in Côte d’Ivoire

This paper examines the possibility of directing remittances from Burkinabe migrants to the municipalities of their home country through loans. The descriptive results indicate that 94% of Burkinabe migrants agree to lend to the municipalities of their country. The econometric results obtained using the Tobit model show that variables of interest and economic variables such as profit, economic development, poverty reduction and job creation do not influence loan consent to the municipalities. On the other hand, cultural variables such as community spirit, unity, and mutual support, belief in God, conformism, and gerontocracy explain agreement to lend.
Messages from Teens on the Big Screen: Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use in Teen-Centered Films

ABSTRACT Smoking, drinking, and drug use endure as popular yet dangerous behaviors among American teenagers. Films have been cited as potential influences on teens' attitudes toward and initiation of substance use. Social cognitive theory suggests that teen viewers may be especially likely to learn from teen models who they perceive as similar, desirable, and attractive. Yet, to date, no studies systematically have analyzed teen characters in films to assess the frequency, nature, and experienced consequences of substance use depictions. Assessments of content are necessary precursors to effects studies because they can identify patterns of representations that warrant further examination. Accordingly, a content analysis of top grossing films from 1999, 2000, and 2001 was conducted. Overall, two-fifths of teen characters drank alcohol, one-sixth smoked cigarettes, and one-seventh used illicit drugs (N = 146). Almost no differences existed between substance users and nonusers with regard to physical attractiveness, socioeconomic status (SES), virtuosity, or gender. Drinkers and drug users were unlikely to suffer any consequences—let alone negative consequences—in either the short or long term. Characters rarely were shown refusing offers to drink or do drugs, or regretting their substance usage. Girls were more likely than boys to be shown engaging in multiple substance use activities (e.g., smoking and drinking). Overall, recent teen-centered films may teach teen viewers that substance use is relatively common, mostly risk-free, and appropriate for anyone.
Agricultural Labour Productivity and Industrialisation: Lessons for Africa

Using data from the Groningen Growth and Development Center’s Africa Sector Database, we show that manufacturing employment and its share in total employment is growing in a number of African countries. We explore the extent to which this can be linked to agricultural productivity which has also been growing in much of Africa over the past two decades. We show that in countries that have successfully industrialised, there is a strong positive correlation between labour productivity growth in agriculture and the manufacturing employment share up until the point at which the manufacturing employment share peaks. Since 1996, there is also a positive correlation between labour productivity in agriculture and the manufacturing employment share in Africa. We explore the mechanisms behind these correlations and find evidence supporting the idea that increases in agricultural productivity have been associated with reductions in the employment share in agriculture and increases in income and the demand for locally produced products.
Transcriptional activation of plant defense genes by fungal elicitor, wounding, and infection

Activation of plant defense genes was investigated by analysis of transcripts completed in vitro by isolated nuclei. Elicitor treatment of suspension-cultured bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cells caused marked transient stimulation of transcription of genes encoding apoproteins of cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGP) and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS), concomitant with the onset of rapid accumulation of the respective mRNAs and hence expression of the phytoalexin (PAL, CHS), lignin (PAL), and HRGP defense responses. While there was a lag of 2 h prior to stimulation of HRGP gene transcription, induction of the transcription of PAL and CHS genes occurred within 5 min of elicitor treatment. Induction of transcription of PAL, CHS, and HRGP genes was also observed in wounded hypocotyls and in infected hypocotyls during race-cultivar-specific interactions with the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose. Transcriptional activation occurred not only in directly infected tissue but also in distant, hitherto uninfected tissue, indicating intercellular transmission of an endogenous signal for defense gene activation. It is concluded that transcriptional activation of defense genes characteristically underlies induction of the corresponding defense responses and expression of disease resistance.
Reducing the Use of Pesticides with Site-Specific Application: The Chemical Control of Rhizoctonia solani as a Case of Study for the Management of Soil-Borne Diseases

Reducing our reliance on pesticides is an essential step towards the sustainability of agricultural production. One approach involves the rational use of pesticides combined with innovative crop management. Most control strategies currently focus on the temporal aspect of epidemics, e.g. determining the optimal date for spraying, regardless of the spatial mechanics and ecology of disease spread. Designing innovative pest management strategies incorporating the spatial aspect of epidemics involves thorough knowledge on how disease control affects the life-history traits of the pathogen. In this study, using Rhizoctonia solani/Raphanus sativus as an example of a soil-borne pathosystem, we investigated the effects of a chemical control currently used by growers, Monceren® L, on key epidemiological components (saprotrophic spread and infectivity). We tested the potential “shield effect” of Monceren® L on pathogenic spread in a site-specific application context, i.e. the efficiency of this chemical to contain the spread of the fungus from an infected host when application is spatially localized, in our case, a strip placed between the infected host and a recipient bait. Our results showed that Monceren® L mainly inhibits the saprotrophic spread of the fungus in soil and may prevent the fungus from reaching its host plant. However, perhaps surprisingly we did not detect any significant effect of the fungicide on the pathogen infectivity. Finally, highly localized application of the fungicide—a narrow strip of soil (12.5 mm wide) sprayed with Monceren® L—significantly decreased local transmission of the pathogen, suggesting lowered risk of occurrence of invasive epidemics. Our results highlight that detailed knowledge on epidemiological processes could contribute to the design of innovative management strategies based on precision agriculture tools to improve the efficacy of disease control and reduce pesticide use.
The social and economic burden of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic literature review

Patients with schizophrenia often fail to respond to an initial course of therapy. This study systematically reviewed the societal and economic burden of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Studies that described patients with TRS published 1996–2012 were included if they collected primary data on clinical, social, or economic outcomes. All studies were independently reviewed and extracted by at least two investigators. Sixty-five studies were identified. Almost 60% (SD 18%) of patients failed to achieve response after 23 weeks on antipsychotic drug therapy. Patients with TRS had high rates of smoking (56%), alcohol abuse (51%), substance abuse (51%), and suicide ideation (44%). The incidence of severe adverse events to treatment was 4% (SD 7%). Mean quality of life for patients who were unresponsive or intolerant to treatment was ∼20% lower than that of patients in remission. Annual costs for patients with schizophrenia are $15 500–$22 300 and are 3–11-fold higher for patients with TRS. TRS remains common and costly, despite availability of many treatment options, and contributes to a significant loss in patient quality of life. Although estimates in the literature vary greatly, TRS conservatively adds more than $34 billion in annual direct medical costs in the USA.
Histology and ultrastructure of the placental membranes of the viviparous brown snake, Storeria dekayi (Colubridae: Natricinae)

The placental membranes of the viviparous brown snake Storeria dekayi were examined following mid‐gestation by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to reveal their structural organization and cytological composition. By Zehr stage 32, the chorioallantoic placenta (allantoplacenta) is established around much of the egg, and a well‐developed omphalallantoic placenta occurs in the abembryonic hemisphere. The allantoplacenta exhibits multiple features that enhance interhemal exchange: the uterus and allantois are well vascularized, the chorionic and uterine epithelia are attenuated, and the shell membrane is vestigial and has begun to degenerate. In the omphalallantoic placenta, the uterine epithelium is enlarged and appears to be secretory. The omphalopleure contains two distinct populations of cells, and shows cytological evidence for absorption. In intermediate areas, regions of omphalallantoic placenta are being transformed into allantoplacenta, through depletion of the isolated yolk mass and reduction in epithelial height of both uterus and omphalopleure. Morphological evidence suggests that the allantoplacenta is specialized for gas exchange, and the omphalallantoic placenta, for maternal secretion and fetal absorption. On the basis of the available evidence, we postulate that this pattern is characteristic of the thamnophine radiation of snakes. J. Morphol. , 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variants and the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review

Several candidate gene studies on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been conducted. However, for most single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) no systematic review on their association with MetS exists. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted until the 2nd of June 2010, using HuGE Navigator. English language articles were selected. Only genes of which at least one SNP–MetS association was studied in an accumulative total population ≥4000 subjects were included. Meta‐analyses were conducted on SNPs with three or more studies available in a generally healthy population. In total 88 studies on 25 genes were reviewed. Additionally, for nine SNPs in seven genes (GNB3, PPARG, TCF7L2, APOA5, APOC3, APOE, CETP) a meta‐analysis was conducted. The minor allele of rs9939609 (FTO), rs7903146 (TCF7L2), C56G (APOA5), T1131C (APOA5), C482T (APOC3), C455T (APOC3) and 174G>C (IL6) were more prevalent in subjects with MetS, whereas the minor allele of Taq‐1B (CETP) was less prevalent in subjects with the MetS. After having systematically reviewed the most studied SNP–MetS associations, we found evidence for an association with the MetS for eight SNPs, mostly located in genes involved in lipid metabolism.
Sandostatin LAR in acromegaly: a 6‐week injection interval suppresses GH secretion as effectively as a 4‐week interval

introduction Depot preparations of long‐acting somatostatin analogues are being used increasingly in the treatment of GH hypersecretion in patients with acromegaly, either as primary treatment or as secondary treatment following incomplete surgery. In 60% of these patients, Sandostatin long‐acting release (LAR), the depot preparation of octreotide, achieves effective suppression of serum GH (< 5 mU/l) and IGF‐I levels. The advice is to administer Sandostatin LAR at 4‐week intervals. After injection, serum octreotide shows an initial peak and thereafter maximal values between 14 and 42 days. There have been suggestions that the dose interval of this preparation could be increased, resulting in reduced costs, although this concept has not been confirmed by studies.
Neuroretinal cell death in a murine model of closed globe injury: pathological and functional characterization.

PURPOSE Blunt ocular trauma causes severe retinal injury with death of neuroretinal tissue, scarring, and permanent visual loss. The mechanisms of cell death are not known, and there are no therapeutic interventions that improve visual outcome. We aimed to study the extent, distribution, and functional consequences of cell death by developing and characterizing a rat model of retinal injury caused by blunt ocular trauma. METHODS The eyes of anesthetized adult rats were injured by either weight drop or low-velocity ballistic trauma and assessed by clinical examination, electroretinography, light microscopy, electron microscopy, and TUNEL. Projectile velocity was measured and standardized. RESULTS Weight drop did not cause reproducible retinal injury, and the energy threshold for retinal injury was similar to that for rupture. Low-velocity ballistic trauma to the inferior sclera created a reproducible retinal injury, with central sclopetaria retinae, retinal necrosis, and surrounding commotio retinae with specific photoreceptor cell death and sparing of cells in the other retinal layers. The extent of photoreceptor cell death declined and necrosis progressed to apoptosis with increasing distance from the impact site. CONCLUSIONS This is the only murine model of closed globe injury and the only model of retinal trauma with specific photoreceptor cell death. The clinical appearance mirrors that in severe retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma in humans, and the ultrastructural features are consistent with human and animal studies of commotio retinae. After ocular trauma, photoreceptor apoptosis may be prevented and visual outcomes improved by blocking of the cell death pathways.