Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SPANISH REGIONS Annals of Regional Science , forthcoming

This paper analyses the importance of technological activities in explaining the differences in productivity among Spanish regions in the period 1986-96. It quantifies the effect of the regions ́ own technological innovation, and the externalities associated with technological capital, on regional development. The analysis is based on the estimation of production functions and an equation explaining total factor productivity. Although a positive significant effect is obtained at national level on a long term horizon, the significance of the effect of technological activities on the productivity of the Spanish regions in the period 1987-96 depends on the indicator used. However, the technological spillover effects between regions are always highly significant regardless of the indicator used. JEL classifications: O30, O40 Universitat de Valéncia, Departamento de Análisis Económico; Edificio departamental oriental; Avda. de los Naranjos, s/n; 46022 -ValenciaFax: 34.96. 382.82. 49; Email: mercedes.gumbau@uv.es Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (Ivie); c/ Guardia Civil, 22, Esc. 2, 46020 -ValenciaFax: 34.96. 319.00. 55; Email: joaquin.maudos@ivie.es
An Experimental Study on Enhancing Cooling Rates ofLow Thermal Conductivity Fluids Using Liquid Metals

In a previous numerical study (Al Omari, Int. Communication in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011) the heat transfer enhancement between two immiscible liquids with clear disparity in thermal conductivity such as water and a liquid metal (attained by co- flowing them in a direct contact manner alongside each other in mini channel) was demonstrated. The present work includes preliminary experi- mental results that support those numerical findings. Two immiscible liquids (hot water and liquid gallium) are allowed experimentally to exchange heat (under no- flow conditions) in a stationary metallic cup where they are put in direct contact. The experimental results confirm the significant heat exchange enhancement. The superior thermal conductivity of the used liquid metal as compared with the water is the reason behind the observed enhancement in heat transfer. For the same resi- dence time and the same contact surface area between the two liquids, however, the experiments show a slightly slower rate in the heat transfer between the two liquids compared to the case of the channel flow considered in the numerical simulations. This discrepancy is justified on the basis of the additional enhancements brought about by the forced convectional effects in the case of the channel flow (which are absent in the experiments where conduction and natural convection prevail).
Genetic Variability and Structure of The Wild Service Tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) in Poland

Abstract Sorbus torminalis is a rare forest tree species in Poland. Allelic and genotypic structures at 25 isozyme gene loci were observed in 20 populations from Poland, situated mainly along a latitudinal gradient. Levels of genetic diversity were high both at the species level (P = 44%, He = 0.435) and within populations (mean P = 40.8%, mean He = 0.373). Levels of differentiation among populations were relatively high (FST = 0.17) and a noticeable geographic structure of this differentiation was detected. The population in the ‘Brekinia’ reserve had a unique genetic structure of a clonal population and was the most distinct from the other populations.
The Endocrine Pancreas of the Lizard Calotes versicolor: An Immunocytochemical and Physiological Study with Respect to its Reproductive Cycle

The present investigation was undertaken to record the distribution and number of insulin immunoreactive (IR) and glucagon-IR cells in the pancreas and to find out their effect on plasma glucose level in Calotes versicolor during different stages of reproductive cycle. It is distinguished as preparatory, reproductive and recrudescent period. Plasma glucose was estimated by enzyme glucose oxidase method. There was variation in pancreatic endocrine cells and plasma glucose with respect to annual seasonal cycle of reproduction. Insulin-IR and glucagon-IR cells never appeared in the form of islets. Cell count for both IR cells of reproductive period was higher and differed significantly from preparatory and recrudescent periods. Plasma glucose recorded the highest value in preparatory period and differed significantly from other two periods. Insulin-IR cells always out numbered glucagon-IR cells. Morphological differences between two cell types were observed under electron microsopy and also pancreas exhibited the presence of nerves. Glycogen localization in liver was carried out by PAS method. Glucose is always utilized to accomplish energy demand rather than converting it as liver glycogen. Results are discussed with those of agamid and other lizards.
Morphological shifts in populations of generalist and specialist amphibians in response to fragmentation of the Brazilian Atlantic forest

Changes in morphological traits, such as body size, body condition, and leg length, are important indicators of changes to life history or habitat quality, which can affect the performance of individuals and therefore the persistence of populations under environmental change. Only very few studies assessed the effect of fragmentation on morphological traits. The few available studies on anurans found that in landscapes with less forest cover body size decreased. Therefore, we predict that body size should also be smaller in fragments compared to continuous forest. Body condition is a further trait closely related to individual performance and thus should decline with more adverse conditions, as is expected in fragments. We tested these hypotheses using snout-vent length, body mass, body condition, and tibia length as response variables. We collected data of a habitat generalist (Rhinella ornata) and a habitat specialist (Ischnocnema guentheri), both leaf-litter amphibian species, from three sites in a fragmented landscape (two isolated and one connected site) and one site in a contiguous part of the Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil. In the generalist species, snout-vent-length (SVL) and body mass were significantly lower in fragments compared to the contiguous forest control, whereas tibia length and body condition
Carbon Mineralization of Soils from Native Evergreen Broadleaf Forest and Three Plantations in Mid‐subtropic China

Mineralization of soil organic carbon (C) plays a key role in supplying nutrient elements essential to plant growth. Changes of C mineralization of mixed stands of Chinese fir and Michelia macclurei (a broadleaf tree), pure M. macclurei stands, and pure Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) stands established in 1983 after clear‐felling of a first‐generation Chinese fir forest were analyzed in Huitong, Hunan Province, China, and compared with those of a stand of native secondary evergreen broadleaf forest (NBF). The results showed that NBF soil had the greatest C mineralization. Mixture of Chinese fir and M. macclurei had no effect on total soil organic C in comparison with pure Chinese fir plantation, but significantly increased C mineralization from soils was detected in this study. This positive influence on C mineralization could be explained by the increase of soil labile C pools and soil microbial biomass and activity. From the analysis of C mineralization, soil microbial properties, and labile organic C, mixtures of broadleaf and Chinese fir can be considered to be an effective sustainable management model for a Chinese fir plantation. Given strong correlations with microbiological and biochemical characteristics of soils and an easier process of determination, hot water extraction, hot water–extractable C (HWC) could be used as an integrated measure of forest soil quality in mid‐subtropics.
Forecasting Brazilian Output in the Presence of Breaks: A Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Models

This paper compares the forecasting performance of linear and nonlinear models under the presence of structural breaks for the Brazilian real GDP growth. The Markov-switching models proposed by Hamilton (1989) and its generalized version proposed by Lam (1991) are applied to quarterly GDP from 1975:1 to 2000:2 allowing for breaks at the Collor Plans. The probabilities of recessions are used to analyze the Brazilian business cycle. The ability of each model in forecasting out-of-sample the growth rates of GDP is examined. The forecasting ability of the two models is also compared with linear specifications. The authors find that nonlinear models display the best forecasting performance and that specifications including the presence of structural breaks are important in obtaining a representation of the Brazilian business cycle.
THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS MODELLING, FOR MICROZONATION PURPOSES, OF THE SEISMIC GROUND MOTION IN BUCHAREST, DUE TO THE VRANCEA EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 30, 1990

The Vrancea seismoactive region, characterized by intermediate-depth earthquakes, is the quake source that has to be taken into account for microzonation purposes of Bucharest that could suffer serious damage also because of the severe local site effects. The strong seismic events originating in Vrancea have caused the most destructive damage experienced on the Romanian territory and may seriously affect vulnerable high risk constructions (such as nuclear power plants, chemical plants, large dams, pipelines etc.) located on a wide area, from Central Europe to Moscow. Realistic numerical simulation, describing the propagation of the seismic wavefield generated by a given quake in a complex geological structure, is a powerful tool, that may be efficiently used to estimate the ground motion for microzonation of the whole Bucharest area. The realistic modelling of ground motion is carried out by means of a sophisticated hybrid technique that combines modal summation (Panza, 1985; Vaccari et al., 1989; Florsch et al., 1991; Panza, 1993; Romanelli et al., 1996) and finite difference (Fah 1991; Fah and Panza, 1994; Fah et al., 1994). The input data necessary for computations are the laterally variable anelastic structural model and the focal mechanism of the seismic source. The medium is modelled with a regional layered structure (bedrock structure), containing the seismic source and assumed to be representative of the path from the source to Bucharest, and a local structure, that is a NE20°SW oriented cross section, describing the local structure of Bucharest, along the studied path. The seismic source is described as a double-couple, buried in a layered medium, and corresponds to the focal mechanism of the May 30, 1990 Vrancea earthquake. The upper frequency limit considered in the computations is 1.0 Hz, and this allows us the modelling of seismic input appropriate for ten storeys and higher buildings. The simulated signals are satisfactorily compared with the available instrumental records from Magurele station (44.347°N, 26.030°E), and stability tests are performed with respect to the variation of focal mechanism, regional and local structure.
N2O production in the eastern South Atlantic: Analysis of N2O stable isotopic and concentration data

The stable isotopic composition of dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) is a tracer for the production, transport, and consumption of this greenhouse gas in the ocean. Here we present dissolved N2O concentration and isotope data from the South Atlantic Ocean, spanning from the western side of the mid‐Atlantic Ridge to the upwelling zone off the southern African coast. In the eastern South Atlantic, shallow N2O production by nitrifier denitrification contributed a flux of isotopically depleted N2O to the atmosphere. Along the African coast, N2O fluxes to the atmosphere of up to 46 µmol/m2/d were calculated using satellite‐derived QuikSCAT wind speed data, while fluxes at the offshore stations averaged 0.04 µmol/m2/d. Comparison of the isotopic composition of the deeper N2O in the South Atlantic (800 m to 1000 m) to measurements made in other regions suggests that water advected from one or more of the major oxygen deficient zones contributed N2O to the mesopelagic South Atlantic via the Southern Ocean. This deeper N2O was isotopically and isotopomerically enriched (δ15Nbulk − N2O = 8.7 ± 0.1‰, δ18O − N2O = 46.5 ± 0.2‰, and Site Preference = 18.7 ± 0.6‰) relative to the shallow N2O source, indicating that N2O consumption by denitrification influenced its isotopic composition. The N2O concentration maximum was observed between 200 m and 400 m and reached 49 nM near the Angolan coast. The depths of the N2O concentration maximum coincided with those of sedimentary particle resuspension along the coast. The isotopic composition of this N2O (δ15Nbulk − N2O = 5.8 ± 0.1‰, δ18O − N2O = 39.7 ± 0.1‰, and Site Preference = 9.8 ± 1.0‰) was consistent with production by diffusion‐limited nitrate (NO3−) reduction to nitrite (NO2−), followed by NO2− reduction to N2O by denitrification and/or nitrifier denitrification, with additional N2O production by NH2OH decomposition during NH3 oxidation. The sediment surface, benthic boundary layer, or particles resuspended from the sediments are likely to have provided the physical and chemical conditions necessary to produce this N2O.
The Effects of Portfolio Investments Flows in Firms’ Capital Structure: A Study of Brazilian Firms from Retail and Textile Sectors.

Prior research suggested that the flow of portfolio investments reduces the equity cost of firms, by a reduction in the expected return of stocks that follows from the sharing of risk associated to the financial asset between domestic and international investors. The objective of the study was to verify whether the flow of portfolio investments causes firms to adjust their levels of leverage, reflecting a marginal reduction of own capital cost relative to external capitals. The method employed was panel data regressions, using the first-differenced estimator. Results suggest that firms in the sample in fact adjusted their capital structure following portfolio investment flows, as the marginal effect of portfolio flows in the debt-to-assets ratio is negative. Larger firms and firms with higher growth opportunities presented a higher marginal reduction on leverage.
Ruminal fermentation and degradation, kinetic flow of the digesta and milk fatty acid composition of cows fed chopped elephantgrass supplemented with soybean oil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ruminal parameters of fermentation and degradation, kinetic flow of rumen digesta, and milk fatty acid composition of cows fed 52% chopped elephantgrass-based diets containing 0.0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% soybean oil (SO) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein x Gyr dairy cows with an average milk production of 15.6 ± 3.0 kg day-1 and 90 ± 25 days in milk were allocated in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The results were analyzed by mixed models. Significant differences were declared at P ? 0.05, and P-values from 0.05 < P ? 0.10 were considered as a trend. The inclusion of SO in the diet had no effect on the ruminal pH or total volatile fatty acid concentration, but there was a quadratic effect on the ruminal ammonia nitrogen content and a trend for a linear reduction (P = 0.07) in the molar proportion of rumen acetate. Linear reductions were also observed in the DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) effective degradabilities of elephantgrass forage, but the fluid and particulate passage rates in the rumen and the DM and NDF intakes were unchanged by SO inclusion in the diet. Milk production, protein and lactose contents and yields were unaltered by dietary SO levels. There were linear reductions in the milk fat and total solids contents, but there was no effect of dietary treatments on their yields. The inclusion of soybean oil in the diet of Holstein x Gyr cows fed chopped elephantgrass improved the nutritional quality of milk fat as a result of increased contents of oleic, rumenic and vaccenic acids, which are beneficial to human health, and a concomitant reduction in hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids such as lauric, myristic and palmitic acids.
Long‐term decline of the western Pacific leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea: a globally important sea turtle population

The leatherbacks nesting at Bird's Head Peninsula, Papua Barat, Indonesia, account for 75% of the total leatherback nesting in the western Pacific and represent the last sizeable nesting population in the entire Pacific. Sporadic nest counts at Jamursba Medi Beach at Bird's Head have indicated a declining trend from the 1980s through 2004, although a relatively high amount of nesting has recently been documented at Wermon Beach, located 30 km east of Jamursba Medi. We used expanded year-round nesting surveys from 2005 to 2011 at these two primary nesting beaches to obtain more robust estimates of the nesting population size and to evaluate long-term nesting trends. We found a 29% decline in nesting at Jamursba Medi and a 52% decline at Wermon from 2005 through 2011. We found that the estimated annual number of nests at Jamursba Medi has declined 78.3% over the past 27 years (5.5% annual rate of decline) from 14,522 in 1984 to 1,596 in 2011. Nesting at Wermon has been monitored since 2002 and has declined .
Test Cross Performance and Combining Ability of Elite Highland Maize ( Zea Mays L . ) Inbred Lines at Jimma , South West Ethiopia

Breeding efforts to develop high yielding and improved maize varieties for highland areas (altitude of 1700-2400 m) has been recently, launched in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, national average maize yield under farmer condition is far below attainable. Thirty-four crosses (seventeen inbred lines and two testers) along with two popular standard checks were evaluated for 17 traits in alpha lattice design at Jimma, South west Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to evaluate top cross performance and to estimate combining abilities for grain yield and related traits. The inbred lines and crosses differ significantly for all of the studied traits except ASI, NPP and EPP. Among the crosses L5 x T1 and L16 x T2 showed higher grain yield, crosses L14 x T1 (158.13cm), L6 x T2 (168.54cm) expressed short plant height, crosses L4 x T1 (L16 x T1 (231.04cm) and L14 x T1 (258.13 cm) expressed higher plant height . Crosses L5 x T1 (102.63 day) and L2 x T2 (107.95 day) displayed lowest anthesis date and crosses L5 x T1 (112.67 day), L2 x T2 (114.29 day) displayed lowest silking date. GCA mean squares due to lines were highly significant for most of the traits, while SCA mean squares were significant for some traits. The higher the percentage relative contribution of GCA sum square over SCA sum of square in all studied trait indicated the predominance of additive gene effect in controlling the inheritance of these traits. For grain yield inbred lines L5, L6, L16 and L17 were the top general combiner. Lines with positive and significant GCA effects for grain yield were generally considered as good general combiner for improvement of grain yield. L2, L5, L17 were the best general combiners for days to anthesis. L2, L5, L17, L12, L14 for days to silking and L11 for tallness, while, L2, L6, L12, L13, L8, L5, L14 for shortness in plant height were the top general combiner. Future studies should explore the possibility of separating the inbred lines used in this study into distinct heterotic groups using divergent tester. By and large, the information from this study could be useful for researchers/breeders who need to develop high yielding varieties of maize adapted to the highland area of Ethiopia.
A Reexamination of the Causes of Time-Varying Stock Return Volatilities

Abstract The decline of average stock return volatility in the 2001–2006 period provides an opportunity to test various theories on why the average return volatility increased in the pre-2000 period. This paper compares fundamentals-based theories with trading volume-based theories. While both fundamentals-based and trading volume-based theories explain the upward trend in the average volatility in U.S. stocks from 1976 to 2000 and international stocks from 1990 to 2000, only the fundamentals-based theories explain the volatility pattern for 2001–2006. Much of the variation in the stock return volatilities can be explained by the variation in the earnings volatilities and proxies for growth options, but not by trading-related variables. Evidence also shows that the explanatory power of the fundamentals variables is time varying.
Occurrence and distribution of Termitomyces (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in the Western Ghats and on the west coast of India

This study documents five species of Termitomyces distributed in the forests, plantations and grasslands of the Western Ghats and west coast of India. Occurrence and distribution of Termitomyces have been assessed based on literature and the present survey. Descriptions of recorded Termitomyces species are given along with diagnostic features for identification. Traditional knowledge of Termitomyces has been documented based on the experience of a tribal sect and the local population. As termitomycetes are largely uncultivable, strategies are recommended for conservation of their habitat and sustainable harvesting of this human nutritional source as an alternative to plant- and animalderived foods.
Study of clinico-radiological and clinico-pathological correlation of intracranial space occupying lesion at rural center

Objective: To study the clinico-radiological and clinico-pathological correlation of intracranial space occupying lesions at AVBRHMethods: The primary method of case ascertainment was detailed neurological examination and review of all CT with contrast of the head performed on the patients between 1 July 2004 to 31 December 2006 at rural centre after suspecision of intracranial space occupying lesions on clinical presentation.Result: In our study of 52 cases the clinicoradiological and clinicopathological correlation of intracranial space occupying was founded in 61.5% Amongst all the ICSOL the maximum number of cases was of neoplastic tumors i.e. 63% next to this was infective group i.e. 21% & rest of the cases were of traumatic group i.e. 15%. Conclusion: CT scan is the diagnostic and the most accurate investigation in localization of ICSOL. CT guided biopsy is helpful in diagnosing the histopathology of various ICSOLs. X ray skull studies are not of much value as a diagnostic tool in ICSOL. The overall incidence of correct clinical localization of the lesion to the final diagnosis after investigations and surgery was seen to be 61.5% cases.
Capacity of a Massive MIMO-OFDM system using Millimetric waves

In modern day society, wirelesses communications are fundamental to the communications worldwide. But with the saturation of the usable spectrum for communications, the need for capacity is one of the most important challenges faced nowadays. With the development of technology, there is a much great need for quality of the service and bigger data streams. Increasing the capacity of a telecommunication system will allow to cope with that need. The solution for the need for capacity, can be solved with the use of massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques, since MIMO system approach have already shown to increase the capacity of a wireless system. The implications of this approach will make systems more complex and more energy consuming, in order to sustain the massive MIMO system. But such implementation combined with millimeter waves will allow the increase of the capacity of a system.