Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Removal of Phosphate and Nitrate
on Calcined Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides

The competitive adsorption of phosphate and nitrate from aqueous solution on calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al CLDHs) were investigated. Experiments were carried out as a function of adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial pH and temperature. The adsorption processes of phosphate and nitrate were followed by the pseudo second-order and pseudo first-order kinetics, respectively. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed structural reconstruction during sorption, the unchanged d-spacing d003 indicated phosphate and nitrate were mainly adsorbed on the surface and the near-edge interlayer. The results of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified nitrate and phosphate adsorbed onto the CLDHs. Desorption behaviors indicated that nitrate can be more easily desorbed from loaded CLDHs than phosphate. The possible mechanism of phosphate adsorption was controlled by chemisorption, while nitrate adsorption was governed by physisorption. The results showed that the Mg-Al CLDHs can be used to simultaneously remove phosphate and nitrate from aqueous solution.
Anti-/Pro-Oxidant Behavior of Naturally Occurring Molecules in Polymers and Biopolymers: A Brief Review

Polymers and biopolymers are continuously subjected to the action of different stress factors, such as oxygen, heat, UV light, mechanical stress, humidity, etc., during their processing and service life, undergoing overall oxidative degradation, that causes performance and property deterioration. To improve the resistance at high temperatures and long-term weatherability of the polymers and biopolymers, usually, during their manufacturing, synthetic antioxidants and UV-light stabilizers are added. In the past decade, several concerns related to the impact of the synthetic stabilizers have emerged, and to reduce their negative effect on human health and the environment, their replacement with naturally occurring molecules, having similar protection abilities, is greatly welcome. It has been demonstrated that several natural polyphenols, vitamins, and carotenoids are efficient and suitable stabilizers for the protection of polymers and biopolymers from oxidative degradation. Besides, it is worth noting that.
Effect of gamma irradiation on physicochemical properties and microbiological
quality of wet yellow noodle fortified with water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

Effect of gamma irradiation on physicochemical properties and microbiological quality of wet water spinach yellow (WYS) noodles were investigated. Water spinach has been substituted with the wheat flour at level 5%, 10% and 15% and irradiated at 0 kGy, 3 kGy, 5 kGy and 7 kGy with a dose rate of 34 Gy/minutes by using Cobalt-60. Gamma irradiation significantly decreased the cooking yield, hardness and lightness while significantly increased cooking loss and breaking length of WYS noodles. All doses of irradiation did not affect the moisture content, pH, water activity, greenness and yellowness of the noodles. Cross sections of WYS noodles were observed under VPSEM at 500X magnification and irradiation gave little changes to starch granules. Increasing substitution level of water spinach and irradiation dose showed elongated and clumped together. Moisture content and color of yellow noodles increased gradually on increasing the level of water spinach substituted. However, a decreasing trend was observed in breaking length, hardness, lightness and yellowness. Total plate counts of the WYS noodles that stored at 27°C were examined at day 0, 3 and 5. It showed that certain dose such as 7 kGy of irradiation able to reduce the bacteria count in noodles. On day 5, most of the samples showed high bacteria count more than 108 CFU/g was not safe to be consumed. In conclusion, gamma irradiation and substitution of water spinach gave significantly effect cooking properties, textural properties and lightness while no effect on moisture content, pH, water activity, greenness and yellowness of WYS noodles.
Starch enzymatic hydrolysis, structural, thermal and rheological properties of pigeon pea (
 Cajanus cajan
 ) and dolichos bean (
 Dolichos lab‐lab
 ) legume starches

Cajanus Cajans and Dolichos lab‐lab legume starches from Argentine cultivars were investigated under a technological and nutritional point of view. Their physico‐chemical, structural, thermal and the rheological properties of their gels were evaluated. Rice (RS) and potato (PS) starches were included as references. In vitro digestibility from Englyst method was also evaluated. Legume starches had the highest amylose content and the most stable chemical structure. Their rapidly digestible starch and starch digestibility rate index were very low, similar to PS, and fivefold lower than RS. They had a much higher slowly digestible starch content than PS. Legume starches showed the highest gel stability versus heating and stirring and an intermedium pasting temperature between RS and PS. They formed viscoelastic gels at 6% concentration with stronger elastic‐like behaviour and higher yield stress than references. Our results indicate these legumes represent an efficient starch source to provide tailor‐made properties to food/industrial applications.
Spatial Distribution and Multiscale Transport Characteristics of PM2.5 in China

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution and the multiscale transport patterns of PM2.5 in 2 large regions (“NORTH” and “SOUTH”), 7 small regions (“North,” “Northeast,” “East,” “Center,” “South,” “Southwest,” and “Northwest”) and 31 provinces in China during January and July of 2015. The simulated PM2.5 concentrations were compared with the observed values to assess the accuracy of WRF-CMAQ. During January and July, local emissions contributed the majority of the PM2.5, with their percentage exceeding 60% in 7 of the regions. External transport was the dominant source of PM2.5 in some of the provinces, such as Shanghai and Qinghai, whereas local emission was the main contributor in others, such as Hebei and Xinjiang. We also identified the primary PM2.5 source in each region, the results of which indicated distinctly different regional transport patterns among the provinces and regions of China.
EDNRB isoform 3 confers Temozolomide resistance in A375 melanoma cells by modulating membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial Ca2+

Background The role of endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) isoform 3 involved in Temozolomide (TMZ)-induced melanoma cell death has not yet been elucidated. Methods The subcellular localization of EDNRB isoform 3 was determined by confocal and immunoblotting assays. Silencing EDNRB isoform 3 was performed by CRISPR/Cas9. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V/propium iodide staining and caspases 3/7/9 activity. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial Ca2+ were measured by flow cytometry. Apoptosis protein array was applied. Results Confocal and immunoblot analyses indicate mitochondrial localization of EDNRB isoform 3 and the first N-terminal (1–22) amino acids are sufficient for its mitochondrial targeting. EDNRB isoform 3 depleted A375 cells significantly confers chemoresistance with mitochondrial depolarization, reduced reactive oxygen species, enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and decreased caspase 9 activation. Additionally, apoptosis array shows that lack of EDNRB isoform 3 has relatively lower expression of phosphorylation of p53 at S392 and a slightly higher expression of Paraoxonase 2. Conclusion Our findings raise the possibility of targeting EDNRB isoform 3 as a new therapeutic strategy in combination with TMZ for melanoma treatment.
Computational screening of anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries

Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) are promising alternatives to Li‐ion batteries due to the abundance of potassium. However, the development of PIBs is in its early stages, and only a few anode materials have been reported. Herein, we explored anode materials for PIBs using high‐throughput computational screening. The alloying and conversion reactions of prospective anode materials were investigated using the Materials Project database. Grand potential diagrams were obtained to examine the reaction potential and theoretical capacity of the anode materials. Calculation results indicated that P, As, Si, and Sb anodes exhibited high theoretical capacities. In addition, the screening results revealed that phosphides generally exhibit a lower reaction potential compared with those of sulfides and oxides. A total of 18 binary compounds that exhibited a high theoretical capacity and a low reaction potential (greater than 450 mAh/g and 0.7 V) were identified as promising anode materials for PIBs. In particular, ZnP2, CuP2, SiP, NiP3, CoP3, V3S4, Nb3S5, Bi2O3, and Ga2O3 exhibited high theoretical capacities.
Extraction of fat/oil from fleshing by-product using a wet rendering process and combination with organic solvents

The extraction of fat/oil from fleshing by-products using moist heating (boiled and steamed) produces a fat that contains large amounts of impurities and which is bluish color, whereas when using fatty solvents, it is necessary to dry the ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the fat/oil characteristics from fleshing by-products extracted using a combination of wet rendering (temperatures of 80, 90 and 100 °C, and times 1, 2 and 3 hours) with n-hexane. The combined treatment of wet rendering (temperature 90 °C and duration 2 hours) with n-hexane gave rise to the production of fat with the highest yield (11.10% w/w). The higher the temperature and the longer the wet rendering process, results in fat with higher levels of free fatty acid and the saponification value, but the lower the number of peroxides and the darker the color. The fats/oils consist of 37 fatty acid compounds, composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. There are six very present fatty acid compounds, namely butyric acid methyl ester, tetradecanoic acid methyl ester, cis-10-pentadecanoic acid methyl ester, palmitoleic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester and trans-9-elaidic acid methyl ester.
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE, PHOSPHORUS AND ZINC ON YIELD, AND GRAIN QUALITY OF MAIZE (Zea mays l.)

Two field experiments were carried out during the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 on maize plants (c.v. single hybrid 30K8) grown on a sandy loam soil at Elkassasin, Farm(30o 33׳ 31״ N30° 56׳ 7״ E, elev. 15.8 m), Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of FYM (0 and 10 m 3 /fed), P (15, 30 and 45 kg P2O5/fed) and Zn as foliar spraying (0 and 100 mg Zn/L) and their combinations on growth, yield and its components as well as grain quality of maize. The experiments were laid out in a splitsplit plot, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The obtained results showed that application of FYM significantly increased the yield, yield components as well as some grain mineral contents and grain quality. All the studied characteristics were significantly affected by Pfertilizer. Application of P at the rate of 30 kg P2O5/fed resulted in the maximum plant height (250.75 cm), cob weight (306.08g), 100-grain weight (43.50 g), grain weight/ear (255.44 g), grain yield (3769.25 kg/ fed) and protein yield (478kg fed -1 ) as compared with the other Pfertilizer rates . Foliar application of zinc led to significant response of all studied characteristics. Application of FYM, p-fertilizer and foliar spraying of Zn in combination gave the best yield, yield components as well as some grain mineral contents and grain quality. Therefore, it could be concluded that the application of 10 m 3 FYM/fed +30 kg P2O5/fed + foliar spraying of Zn (100 mg Zn/L) is the best formula for achieving the best crop and improving yield quality.
New Preparation, Characterization and Application for Coated Urea using Aswan Red Clay

To enhance the effectiveness of urea fertilizers, a new coated slow-release fertilizer was developed using Aswan Red Clay (ARC) and a binder material called chitosan a biodegradable polymer was used to improve the property of urea. Characterizations of slow release of the urea granules were made using Scanning Electron Microscopy technique and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Refractive Index method used for determine the rate of releasing. Ammonia volatilization was estimated by using the forced-draft technique. The static release experiment showed that the urea coated by Aswan Red Clay (ARCCU) gave a release of 9.78% at the first day and 95.36 at 24 day, in the same condition. The results of ammonia that volatized during 6 weeks showed that the total losses of ammonia gas for uncoated urea( UCU) and coated urea was 59.54% and 43.33%, respectively which main that the coating of urea is most costly in application.
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Biochemical Studies on Spodoptera littoralis Larvae Following Treatments with Ethanolic Extract of Taxodium distichum and Lufenuron

The efficacy of the Taxodium distichum (L.) ethanol extract fruits and the chitin synthesis inhibiting insecticide, lufenuron on 4 instar of larvae Spodoptera littoralis and determination of the possible damage induced to cuticle and head capsule were evaluated. The sublethal concentration LC50s were (10490 & 1.41 ppm) for T. distichum ethanolic extract and lufenuron, respectively. The ethanolic extract of T. distichum was analyzed by (GC-MS). The major compounds were Ferruginol (16.96%), Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (10.03%), piperine (6.81%), 3alpha,12beta-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-2,4-oic acid methyl ester (4.53%), Didecyl phthalate (4.03%) and Octadecane,1-[2-(hexadecyloxy) ethoxy] (2.94%). The scanning electron microscope observations clearly revealed that the two compounds have approximately similar disrupting effects on external morphology of cuticle and head capsule, as disrupted dark zones in the cuticle with shrinking, double head capsule formation, dwarfed with indistinct structures of head capsule and some deformities noticed in the mouth parts of treated larvae. The variation in some carbohydrases, chitinase, proteinase and phenol oxidase enzymes activities could be attributed due to tested materials. The ethanolic extract of T. distichum fruits could be a promising agent for pest control programs.
Impact of Some Halophytic Extracts on the Antioxidant System of Salt-Stressed Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

A pots experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Gharbiya governorate during the winter season 2015-2016 to study the response of salt-stressed safflower to extracts of two types of naturally growing costal halophytes, Z. album and H. strobilaceum. Safflower seeds were presoaked either in distilled water or 1% halophytic extract for 24 hrs then sown in plastic pots containing 2:1 w/w clay sandy soil according to the Randomized Complete Block Design until reaching the preflowering stage. After the initiation of cotyledonary leaves, seedlings were divided into two main groups: the first was treated with 1% halophytic extracts as presoaking (pre-treatment) or foliar spray application (post-treatment), while the second was specific for control treatments. Each of which was then divided into two subgroups; unstressed and stressed. Results showed that salt stress imposed negative consequences on growth and metabolic properties of safflower, whereas the extracts have helped the plant to adjust and enhance its performance under salt stress through induction of osmoprotectants, redox homeostasis and membrane integrity.
Vertical Ga2O3 Schottky Barrier Diodes With Small-Angle Beveled Field Plates: A Baliga’s Figure-of-Merit of 0.6 GW/cm2

This letter demonstrates vertical Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with a novel edge termination, the small-angle beveled field plate (SABFP), fabricated on thinned <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{G}_{{2}}\text{O}_{{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> substrates. Non-punch-though design is used for the drift region with a donor concentration of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${3}\sim {3.5} \times {10} ^{{16}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>−3</sup>, rendering a device differential ON-resistance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 2~\text{m}\Omega ~\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>2</sup>. A new wet-etch technique is developed by using a bi-layer mask, which consists of spin-on-glass (SOG) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) SiO<sub>2</sub>, to fabricate a very small bevel angle (∼ 1°) in the mesa and field plates. This SABFP structure facilitates the electric field spreading at device edges, rendering a breakdown voltage of 1100 V, a peak electric field of 3.5 MV/cm in Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at the Schottky contact edge, and an averaged electric field over 3.4 MV/cm underneath the contact. Our device demonstrates a Baliga’s figure of merit of 0.6 GW/cm<sup>2</sup>, which is among the highest in all reported Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> power devices and comparable to the state-of-the-art GaN SBDs. These results show the great potential of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> SBDs for future power applications.
Effect of Adding Walnut Powder on Physical and Chemical Properties of Wheat Flour and Preventing Hyperlipidemia in Mice

Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are naturally rich source of many important nutrients which could be helpful in different food processing. Walnut mainly containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially alpha linoleic acid (18:3n-3; 9 g) and linoleic acid (18:3n-; 38 g). Walnuts powder was fortified with commercial high gluten wheat flour (WF) into 4 composites flour from 10% to 40%. Walnut flour improves the nutritional value due to high protein and fat content, but affects the technological properties. Parameters such as functional, pasting and rheological properties demonstrated the influence of walnut reincorporation into gluten network. The interaction of walnut flour with wheat flour is a key factor which effects on the dough quality, causing thinning and weakening the gluten structure. Flour with 30% to 40% walnut substitution was more nutritious especially in relation to protein and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), but responsible for more changes in technological characteristics of dough. Present study was also directed to examine the effect of moderate walnut consumption on lipids profile, enzymatic anti-oxidant (superoxide dismutase SOD and glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px) and lipid peroxidation (Melondialdehyde MDA) in rats fed with high-fat food. The Sprague Dawley rats were housed for five weeks and assembled into normal, high fat, high fat (HF) + 10% walnut, HF + 20% walnut, HF + 30% walnut and HF + 40% walnut. The lipid profile significantly improved especially by lowering the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level increased in the group of HF + 40% walnut. The total anti-oxidant, SOD and GSH-Px activity were increased by supplementation of walnut and significantly higher in HF + 40% compared to the normal group. The Melondialdehyde (MDA) or lipid peroxidation status was increased in HF + 20% walnut to HF + 30% walnut as compared to normal and HF-fed diet but reduced by HF + 40% walnut. These results suggest that walnut intake could be effective to protect from oxidative stress by lowering the lipid peroxidation by improving antioxidant defense system in rats fed high-fat diet.
Microbial Phosphotriesterase: Structure, Function, and Biotechnological Applications

The role of phosphotriesterase as an enzyme which is able to hydrolyze organophosphate compounds cannot be disputed. Contamination by organophosphate (OP) compounds in the environment is alarming, and even more worrying is the toxicity of this compound, which affects the nervous system. Thus, it is important to find a safer way to detoxify, detect and recuperate from the toxicity effects of this compound. Phosphotriesterases (PTEs) are mostly isolated from soil bacteria and are classified as metalloenzymes or metal-dependent enzymes that contain bimetals at the active site. There are three separate pockets to accommodate the substrate into the active site of each PTE. This enzyme generally shows a high catalytic activity towards phosphotriesters. These microbial enzymes are robust and easy to manipulate. Currently, PTEs are widely studied for the detection, detoxification, and enzyme therapies for OP compound poisoning incidents. The discovery and understanding of PTEs would pave ways for greener approaches in biotechnological applications and to solve environmental issues relating to OP contamination.
Examination of diesel spray combustion in supercritical ambient fluid using large-eddy simulations

High-pressure conditions in diesel engines can often surpass the thermodynamic critical limit of the working fluid. Consequently, the injection of fuel at these conditions can lead to complex behaviors that remain only incompletely understood. This study is concerned with investigating the application of a diffuse-interface method in conjunction with a finite-rate chemistry model in large-eddy simulations of diesel spray injection and ignition in a supercritical ambient environment. The presented numerical approach offers the capability of simulating these complex conditions without the need for parameter tuning that is commonly employed in spray-breakup models. Numerical simulations of inert and reacting n-dodecane sprays — under the Engine Combustion Network Spray A and Spray D configurations — are studied, and results are compared with experimental data for liquid/vapor penetration lengths and ignition timing. In addition, parametric studies are performed to identify flow sensitivities arising from the variation in nozzle diameters between both injectors, along with the impact of low-temperature oxidation on ignition in Spray D simulations. Spray A simulations are found to be insensitive to turbulence, and predictions for penetration length and ignition behavior are in good agreement with experiments. In contrast, Spray D predictions for penetration length and ignition delay demonstrated significant sensitivities to in-nozzle turbulence, introducing uncertainty to the predicted results and stipulating the need for quantitative measurements for model evaluation.
Retardation of Crystallization through the Addition of Dairy Phospholipids

The objective of this work was to identify the effects that milk phospholipids (PL) have on crystallization of anhydrous milk fat (AMF). Three mixtures were prepared by adding 0%, 0.01%, and 0.1% PL to AMF. Each mixture was crystallized for 90 min at 24, 26, and 28 C. The solid fat content was measured as a function of time and fitted to the Avrami equation. Melting point, thermal behavior, viscoelastic properties, and crystal morphology were all measured at 90 min. All assays were repeated, as well as hardness, after being stored at 5 C for 48 hours. Samples containing PL showed slower crystallization as concentration increased especially at higher temperatures (26 and 28 C). The addition of PL caused a difference in crystal morphology resulting in visibly larger crystals at 90 min. The elasticity and hardness at 90 min were influenced by the addition of PL at 24 C with lower values obtained in samples with PL compared to the AMF alone. No differences in hardness nor in elasticity was observed for samples crystallized at 26 and 28 C. A decrease in melting enthalpy was observed in samples with PL indicating a reduction in crystallization at all temperatures, which was supported by crystal morphology.