Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE ADHERENCE TO HAART REGIMENS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Background: HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) has changed the HIV infection from a rapid progressive illness (often fatal) to a more manageable chronic ailment. Although HAART is a major advancement, its adherence is a very important aspect as regards the achievement of significant viral suppression. Material & Methods: The present cohort study was conducted at our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of six months from September 2008 to April 2009. At the commencement of study around 260 HIV patients were registered for ART out of which 120 patients were recruited for the study and were followed for six months. Results: In the present study the Mean Quantitative Adherence (MQNA) for each patient was calculated. 94 patients (78.33%) reported high Mean Quantitative Adherence i.e.>90% and 26 patients (21.66%) reported low Mean Quantitative adherence i.e. < 90%. Conclusion: The level of Overall Mean Quantitative Adherence (MQNA) was found to be high i.e. 92.14% and this high level was reported in 78.33 % patients. The adherence has shown dynamic behavior over time in our study.
Adoption , Extent of Disclosure , and Perceived Corruption : A Cross-country Study

We investigate whether IFRS adoption and the extent of disclosure in a country play any role in reducing perceived corruption, after controlling for the effects of political institutions and economic development. The sample covers 104 countries over the period 2009-2011. We find strong evidence that the length of IFRS experience and the extent of disclosure are negatively related to perceived corruption in a country. We also find that, relative to developed countries, developing countries benefit more from IFRS experience in lowering perceived corruption. Our results are robust to several sensitivity tests, including alternative models, alternative measures of perceived corruption, controlling for endogeneity, and correcting for two-way cluster-robust standard errors. Our findings are important because critics have questioned the merit of IFRS adoption by (developing) countries with weak institutional settings. JEL classifications: M41, G38, K42
The effect of fairness of performance appraisal and career growth on turnover intention

Success of an organization is generally based on the efficiency of its human resource. Organizations consider their employees as an important tool for survival in this globalized era. Hence, retaining the best employees is of high concern for most organizations and this issue has become a significant focus of attention for many researchers. For this reason, there is the necessity to investigate the factors which influence the employee turnover intention behavior in the organization, specifically, to determine the effect of human resource development factors (such as salary, training and development, fairness of performance appraisal and career growth including remuneration, growth, promotion speed, professional ability development and career goal progress), on turnover intention. A cross sectional, survey data study was undertaken to analyze the relationships in a sample of 150 full-time faculty members employed in different private universities of Pakistan. Partial Least Square based path modeling was applied to test the hypothesized relationship among the study variables. The findings of this paper revealed that salary and fairness of performance appraisal have a significant negative relationship with turnover intention except training & development. Besides, it was found that out of four dimensions of career growth, only two dimensions, namely promotion speed and remuneration growth, have strong influence on turnover intention. The findings of this paper would be discussed in light of certain limitations. First, in this study researchers decided to include the factors which are related to turnover intention. Secondly, this study has been taken only in one country (Pakistan) therefore, the result may not be applicable in another Asian countries. The study may contribute to the body of knowledge on both human resource and career management. Based on the findings, a number of practical recommendations for organizations, leaders and employees have been provided to guide them to retain employees successfully.
The Study of Postoperative , Port-site Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in Laparoscopic Surgeries in Jammu

Whenever there is a wound received accidently, traumatically or surgically, the possibilities of its getting infected by different agents vary from situation to situation. If a wound is a minor one or a major type, the chances of its getting infected increase accordingly, the usual agents causing infection being bacteria (1). Although ultramodern aseptic techniques and highly sophisticated methods of sterilization are employed nowa-days, yet it has been noted that in many cases there is post operative infection of these wounds. The frequency of these infections depends on a number of important factors. According to Waqar A Jan et al. 2008 (2), although the frequency and risk factors for wound infection, following conventional open cholecystectomy have extensively been studied in literature, they have not been thoroughly evaluated for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2). During the last few decades the techniques of surgery have made a lot of strides and advancements from the older methods of open surgery to the modern methods of minimal access surgery, referred to as laparoscopic surgery or robotic surgery. It is astonishing to note that even by practising this type of surgery the chances of wound infection have no doubt been reduced but not all together eliminated. Now a days the laparoscopic surgery is commonly done with respect to cholecystectomy, appendectomy, urology, gynaecology, pancreatectomy , gastrectomy , colorectal surgeries , hernias and even to oncosurgery (3-5). Introduction Abstract Laparoscopic surgeries are being preferred over open surgeries, and the number of these is increasing day by day. Meanwhile, the postoperative port-site infections, mainly due to non-tuberculous Mycobacterium(NTM) and tuberculous Mycobacterium(TM) are also being reported from different parts of the world. The present study pertains to 112 patients from Jammu province of Jammu and Kashmir state, India, who underwent laparoscopic surgeries in a Medical College hospital. Of these patients 6 showed PSIs. Among these PSIs, 5 had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Interestingly in the present study all the PSIs were diagnosed to be due to M.tuberculosis. It has been concluded that the main source of infection of M.tuberculosis is exogenous and is caused due to the reusable laparoscopic instruments which probably are the main source of infection. It has been reported that NTM and MT have become resistant to sterilization with gluteraldehyde. It is suggested that the use of disposable laparoscopic instruments be encouraged to control this infection, as is being done in various developed countries.
Teaching phonics in the National Literacy Strategy

Executive summary 1. The aim of this paper is to open a new phase of dialogue on the teaching of phonics in the National Literacy Strategy (NLS). Standards of literacy in Key Stages 1 and 2 (ages 5 to 11 years) have risen in England since the introduction of the National Literacy Strategy (NLS) in 1998. Improvement in the teaching of phonics would contribute further to better attainment in reading and writing at both key stages. The NLS is committed to early, discrete and systematic teaching of phonics and the application of phonic skills and knowledge to reading and writing. In 1999, it published Progression in phonics – a programme to teach phonics systematically. Issues relating to the effective teaching of phonics through the NLS programme centre on its design and on its implementation.
Estimating the power of sequence covariation for detecting conserved RNA structure

Pairwise sequence covariations are a signal of conserved RNA secondary structure. We describe a method for distinguishing when lack of covariation signal can be taken as evidence against a conserved RNA structure, as opposed to when a sequence alignment merely has insufficient variation to detect covariations. We find that alignments for several long noncoding RNAs previously shown to lack covariation support do have adequate covariation detection power, providing additional evidence against their proposed conserved structures.
Resident Perceptions toward Tourism Development at a Large Scale

Tourism has been experiencing a rapid increase in the developed world, especially in China, and resident perceptions toward tourism development have been receiving increasing attention. However, resident perceptions on a large scale and the associated affecting factors remain unknown. In this study, 63 independent samples across China were analyzed using structural equation modeling, and the effects of three factors of per capita gross domestic product (GDP), tourist receipts and length of tourism development from the perceptive of economy, society and culture, and environment were investigated. Residents demonstrated a positive attitude toward tourism development on a large scale across China. However, the resident perceptions were GDP-dependent, which indicated a lower awareness of infrastructure improvement with the increase in GDP. Meanwhile, residents became more aware of environmental deterioration and social-order disturbance with the increase in the length of tourism development and tourist receipts. In addition, tourist receipts and length of tourism development exerted indirect effects on other perceptions by affecting the perception of environmental deterioration and economic improvement. Our results implied that to minimize the effect of negative perception, attention should be paid to the optimization of the perceptions of economic improvement and environmental deterioration, and the protection of the residential environment should be viewed as a high-priority task in improving resident perceptions.
Rate Spreads and Emerging Markets : An Application to the Banking Systems of the Transition Economies of Central and Eastern Europe

Based on Fry’s (1995) theoretical model, low spreads between loan rates and deposit rates are indicative of a more efficient financial system. We show why the spread may be a particularly good measure of banking system efficiency for the transition economies. Bank asset and liability variables may signal a low level of intermediation in countries where opportunities to accumulate wealth have been constrained in the past, even if the financial system is reasonably efficient. We find that the spread is highly negatively correlated with four conventional measures of financial intermediation (FI) for transition economies. Consistent with theory, the spread is negatively related to economic growth. We also find that the spread, similar to other FI measures, is a function of country specific economic, social and political characteristics, such as inflation, economy size, GDP per capita, and agglomeration variables such as the percentage of GDP from agriculture and the percentage of urban population. Our results suggest that, compared to balance sheet measures and the net interest margin, the bank interest rate spread should be considered an equivalent if not better measure of financial development for transition economies. JEL classification: G21, G28, O16
1 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF HIP STABILITY ISOMETRIC TEST ( HipSIT ) : A 1 NEW METHOD TO ASSESS HIP POSTEROLATERAL MUSCLE STRENGTH 2 3

26 STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. 27 BACKGROUND: The HipSIT evaluates the strength of the hip posterolateral 28 stabilizers in a position that favors greater activation of the gluteus maximus and 29 gluteus medius and lower activation of the tensor fascia lata. 30 OBJECTIVES: To check the validity and reliability of the Hip Stability Isometric Test 31 (HipSIT) and to evaluate the HipSIT in women with patellofemoral pain (PFP). 32 METHODS: The HipSIT was evaluated with a hand-held dynamometer. During 33 testing the participants were side-lying, with the legs positioned at 45° of hip flexion 34 and 90° of knee flexion. Participants were instructed to raise the knee of the upper 35 leg while keeping the heels in contact. To establish reliability and validity, 49 women 36 were tested, with the HipSIT, by 2 different evaluators on day one, and then again 7 37 days later. The strength of the hip extensors, abductors, and external rotators were 38 also evaluated. Twenty women with unilateral PFP were also evaluated. 39 RESULTS: The HipSIT has excellent intraand inter-rater reliability. The standard 40 error of measurement was . 01kgf/kg, and the minimal detectable change was . 027 41 kgf/kg. The HipSIT showed good validity in the isolated hip abduction, external 42 rotation and extension (P < .01). Women with PFP showed a 10% deficit in the 43 HipSIT results for the symptomatic limb (P = .01). 44 CONCLUSION: The HipSIT showed excellent interand intra-rater reliability, 45 moderate-to-good validity in women, and was able to identify strength deficits in 46 women with patellofemoral pain. 47
SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL OF AEDES AEGYPTI ( DIPTERA : CULICIDAE ) : A NEW PROPOSAL 1

Entomological indices based on larval surveillance methods are not sensitive enough to accurately monitor Aedes aegypti population densities in areas differing in levels of infestation. Here, we present and discuss results obtained from a pilot program using a new approach, the Monitoring System and Population Control of Aedes aegypti (SMCPAedes), based on spatial information technology utilizing data on the spatial and temporal distribution of Aedes. The SMCP-Aedes data was continuously generated by a set of sentinel-ovitraps (OVT-S) in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe and Ipojuca urban areas, two municipalities of Pernambuco, Brazil, which have different patterns of settlement and biogeography. The first results, recorded in June 2008, showed that both areas were highly infested by A. aegypti, with more than 90% of OVT-S positive for A. aegypti, and detected densities of 1223 eggs/OVT-S/month in Sta Cruz and 561.2 eggs/OVT-S/month in Ipojuca. A significant reduction in population densities to 363.5 eggs/OVT-S/month and 138.6 eggs/OVT-S/month, respectively, was observed after six rounds of control intervention consisting of massive egg elimination using 8,000 control-ovitraps (OVT-C). Over this period, approximately 5 million eggs and 2,700 adult mosquitoes were removed from those areas. The strategies and tools used in the SMCP-Aedes allowed us to quantify the active population of A. aegypti, indicating periods and places of higher human exposure to the mosquito. The instruments used for mechanical removal of eggs and adults are effective and can be integrated in a sustainable control program.
PELVIC FRACTURES ( i ) Injuries to the pelvic ring : Incidence , classification , associated injuries and mortality rates

ee front matter & 2005 uor.2005. 06.006 ng author. Tel. : +1 905 Summary High energy injuries to the pelvic ring often result from motor vehicle collisions. The incidence of severe pelvic ring injuries may be increasing in some areas. They are often associated with significant injuries to other major bodily organ systems resulting in high degrees of both morbidity and mortality. & 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Development of deep learning method for predicting firmness and soluble solid content of postharvest Korla fragrant pear using Vis/NIR hyperspectral reflectance imaging

Abstract The objective of this research was to develop a deep learning method which consisted of stacked auto-encoders (SAE) and fully-connected neural network (FNN) for predicting firmness and soluble solid content (SSC) of postharvest Korla fragrant pear (Pyrus brestschneideri Rehd). Firstly, deep spectral features in visible and near-infrared (380–1030 nm) hyperspectral reflectance image data of pear were extracted by SAE, and then these features were used as input data to predict firmness and SSC by FNN. The SAE-FNN model achieved reasonable prediction performance with R2P = 0.890, RMSEP = 1.81 N and RPDP = 3.05 for firmness, and R2P = 0.921, RMSEP = 0.22% and RPDP = 3.68 for SSC. This research demonstrated that deep learning method coupled with hyperspectral imaging technique can be used for rapid and nondestructive detecting firmness and SSC in Korla fragrant pear, which would be useful for postharvest fruit quality inspections.
Visual training with musical notes changes late but not early electrophysiological responses in the visual cortex

Visual expertise with musical notation is unique. Fluent music readers show selectively higher activity to musical notes than to other visually similar patterns in both the retinotopic and higher-level visual areas and both very early (e.g., C1) and later (e.g., N170) visual event-related potential (ERP) components. This is different from domains such as face and letter perception, of which the neural expertise marker is typically found in the higherlevel ventral visual areas and later (e.g., N170) ERP components. An intriguing question concerns whether the visual skills and neural selectivity observed in musicreading experts are a result of the effects of extensive visual experience with musical notation. The current study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between visual experience and its neural changes with musical notation. Novices with no formal musical training experience were trained to visually discriminate between note patterns in the laboratory for 10–26 hr such that their performance was comparable with fluent music readers. The N170 component became more selective for musical notes after training. Training was not, however, followed by changes in the earlier C1 component. The findings show that visual training is enough for causing changes in the responses of the higher-level visual areas to musical notation while the engagement of the early visual areas may involve additional nonvisual factors.
The Effectiveness of Prophylactic Use of Intravenous Ketamine and Tramadol in Control of Shivering and Their Side-Effects

Original Research Article Background and Aims: Shivering is a common problem during neuraxial anaesthesia. Neuraxial anaesthesia impairs thermoregulatory control and can occur in as many as 40%–70% of patients after regional anesthesia. This shivering, apart from its physiological and hemodynamic effects, has been described as even worse than surgical pain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic use of intravenous ketamine, clonidine and tramadol in control of shivering and to note any side-effects of the drugs used. Material and Methods: A total number of 90 ASA I and II patients of either sex belonging to age group 18-60 years posted for Lower Abdomen and Lower Limb surgeries were divided into three groups of 30 each. Group P (control group): Patients received 10mL of normal saline IV as placebo. Group K: Patients received Inj. Ketamine 0.5mg/kgBW IV diluted to 10ml in Normal Saline. Group T: patients received Inj. Tramadol 0.5mg/kgBW IV diluted to 10ml in normal saline. Results: Shivering after spinal anesthesia was comparatively better controlled in group receiving Ketamine 0.5mg/kg and tramadol 0.5mg/kg as compared to control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that giving Ketamine 0.5mg/kg, tramadol 0.5mg/kg i.v. prophylactically just before subarachnoid block significantly decreased the incidence of shivering without causing any major side effects. Using ketamine may be more beneficial as it improves the hemodynamic profile by its sympathomimetic effects and it sedates the patient effectively, which increases patient comfort during surgery, maintains cardio-respiratory stability and prevents recall of unpleasant events during the surgery.
Global Imbalances, Labor Market Reforms and Precautionary Savings

How do labor market reforms affect international competitiveness and net foreign assets? To answer this question, we build a two-region RBC model with labor market frictions, idiosyncratic consumption risk and limited cross-sectional heterogeneity to establish a direct link between labor market reforms and changes in net foreign assets via a precautionary savings channel. We apply the model to simulate far-reaching labor market reforms in Germany during the mid 2000s. We find that reducing the generosity of unemployment benefits decreases wages, fosters employment and augments competitiveness as well as trade. In addition, we can explain a significant share of the observed increase in German net foreign assets. A standard representative agent framework is not able to generate any notable effects on net foreign assets and the current account. JEL classification: E21, E24, F16, F41.
Incentive-Compatible Revenue Management in Queueing Systems : Optimal Strategic Idleness and other Delaying Tactics

How should a capacity-constrained firm design an incentive-compatible price-scheduling mechanism to maximize revenues from a heterogeneous pool of time-sensitive customers with private information on their willingness to pay, time-sensitivity and processing requirement? We consider this question in the context of a queueing system that serves two customer types. We provide the following insights. First, the familiar  priority rule, known to minimize the system-wide expected delay cost and to be incentive-compatible under social optimization, need not be optimal in this setting. This specific fact suggests a more general guideline: in designing incentive-compatible and revenue-maximizing scheduling policies, delay cost-minimization, which plays a prominent role in controlling and pricing queueing systems, should not be the dominant criterion ex ante. Second, we identify optimal scheduling policies with novel features. One such policy prioritizes the more time-sensitive customers but voluntarily delays the completed orders of low-priority customers. This insertion of strategic idleness deters time-sensitive customers from purchasing the low-priority class. In other situations, it is optimal to appropriately randomize priority assignments, in one extreme case serving customers in the reverse  order, which maximizes the system delay cost among all work conserving policies. Compared to the  rule, these optimal policies increase, decrease or reverse the delay differentiation between customer types. We show how the optimal level of delay differentiation systematically emerges from a trade-off between operational constraints and customer incentives. Third, our stepwise solution approach can be adapted for designing revenue-maximizing and incentive-compatible mechanisms in systems with different customer attributes or operational properties.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with Endobutton ® hamstring fixation *

* From Instituto Ortopédico Camanho and Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. 1. Professor, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas (IOT) – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil. 2. Ex-Intern from IOT-HC-FMUSP; Physician from Instituto Ortopédico Camanho (IOC). 3. MSc Student, IOT-HC-FMUSP; Physician from Instituto Ortopédico Camanho (IOC). * Trabalho realizado no Instituto Ortopédico Camanho e no Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. 1. Professor Livre-Docente do Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas (IOT) – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP). 2. Ex-Estagiário do IOT-HC-FMUSP; Médico do Instituto Ortopédico Camanho (IOC). 3. Mestrando do IOT-HC-FMUSP; Médico do Instituto Ortopédico Camanho (IOC). Endereço para correspondência (Correspondence to): Prof. Dr. Gilberto Luís Camanho, Rua Oliveira Dias, 61, Jardim Paulista – 01433-030 – São Paulo, SP. Tels: (11) 3885-0687 e 3887-9776, fax: (11) 3051-5444. Recebido em (Received in) 24/9/02. Aprovado para publicação em (Approved in) 22/5/03. Copyright RBO2003 ARTIGO ORIGINAL / ORIGINAL ARTICLE