Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Profile of Pediatric Bicycle Injuries

Background. Bicycle injury data from local communities are important for developing injury prevention and control programs. This study represents the efforts of one community trauma center to describe bicycle injuries. Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of bicycle injury data from hospital charts, emergency medical services reports, and medical examiner reports. The review encompassed a 4-year period. The study sample included 211 trauma alert patients, ages 1 through 15 years, who were treated for bicycle-related injuries at our level II pediatric trauma-center. Results. Bicycle injuries accounted for 18% of all pediatric trauma alert patients. The mean age of injured children was 10 years, and 79% were males. Bicycle-motor vehicle collisions caused 84% of injuries. Only 3 children (1.4%) wore bicycle helmets. Resulting injuries included external wounds (86%), head injuries (47%), fractures (29%), and internal organs (9%). Six children died. Conclusions. Bicycle injuries are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity for children in our community. Use of safety helmets by child bicyclists is inadequate. The data from this study can be used as a baseline in testing the effectiveness of local and state interventions, including new legislation mandating helmet use by children in our state.
[Preliminary study on the correlation between neovasculature and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma by computer image analysis].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance of neoangiogenesis in metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) so as to clarify further the role of neovascularity in evaluating the prognosis of NPC and the probability of antiangiogenesis in preventing distant metastasis of NPC. METHODS Fifty-two patients with metastatic NPC were selected and strictly matched in sex, age, T stage, and N stage with another 52 patients with non-metastatic NPC and survived a long time. The tumor tissues of all 104 patients were retrived for computer-assisted, immunohistochemical analysis of tumor vasculature. RESULTS Counts of microvessel and relative area of all microvessels per image were significantly higher in metastatic NPCs than those of curable, non-metastatic NPCs; while average area of microvessel and average perimeter of microvessel in metastatic NPCs were smaller than those of the opposite. No significant difference in any microvessel parameter had been found among various types of metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The alterations of microvessel parameters bore significant relationships with metastases of NPC. Evaluation of neovascularity with computer image analysis may help in estimating the prognosis of NPC and in finding out the indications for aggressive multimodal treatments. Angiogenesis inhibitors might be helpful in preventing NPC from distant metastasis.
Community participation of people with an intellectual disability: a review of empirical findings.

STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of the literature. OBJECTIVES To investigate community participation of persons with an intellectual disability (ID) as reported in empirical research studies. METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted for the period of 1996-2006 on PubMed, CINAHL and PSYCINFO. Search terms were derived from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Three investigators assessed the relevance of the initially identified studies using predefined content and methodological selection criteria. Included domains of community participation were: (1) domestic life; (2) interpersonal interactions and relationships; (3) major life areas; and (4) community, civic and social life. RESULTS Of 2936 initial hits, 23 quantitative studies eventually met the selection criteria and were included in the study. Only two studies are based on a theoretical framework. Research instruments were various and were most often ad hoc and not validated. The average number of persons in the social network of people with ID appears to be 3.1, one of them usually being a professional service staff member. People with ID are 3-4 times less employed than non-disabled peers; they are less likely to be employed competitively and are more likely to work in sheltered workshops or in segregated settings than those with other disabilities. People with ID are less likely to be involved in community groups, and leisure activities are mostly solitary and passive in nature. Most of the people with ID had been accompanied in an activity by training/therapeutic staff. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that on the basis of empirical evidence, within the time frame of this literature search, little is known about community participation of people with ID. Many researchers did not clearly define community participation and were concerned with limited areas of community participation; research is seldom based on a theoretical framework. Most studies focus on people with mild ID, and there are few reports of the subjects' sample. However, one conclusion can consistently be drawn from the review: people with ID living in community settings participate more than people living in a segregated setting, but their participation level is still much lower than non-disabled and other disability groups.
The effect of protein a cycle number on the performance and lifetime of an anion exchange polishing step

Most mAb platform purification processes consist of an affinity capture step followed by one or two polishing steps. An understanding of the performance linkages between the unit operations can lead to robust manufacturing processes. In this study, a weak‐partitioning anion‐exchange chromatography polishing step used in a mAb purification process was characterized through high‐throughput screening (HTS) experiments, small‐scale experiments including a cycling study performed on qualified scale‐down models, and large‐scale manufacturing runs. When material from a Protein A column that had been cycled <10× was loaded on the AEX resin, early breakthrough of impurities and premature loss of capacity was observed. As the cycle number on the Protein A resin increased, the capacity of the subsequent AEX step increased. Different control strategies were considered for preventing impurity breakthrough and improving AEX resin lifetimes. Depth filtration of the Protein A peak pool significantly improved the AEX resin capacity, robustness, and lifetime. Further, the turbidity of the Protein A pool has the potential for use as an in‐process control parameter for monitoring the performance of the AEX step. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1142–1152. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organization of the marmoset cerebellum in three‐dimensional space: Lobulation, aldolase C compartmentalization and axonal projection

The cerebellar cortex is organized by transverse foliation and longitudinal compartmentalization. Although the latter, which is recognized through the molecular expression in subsets of Purkinje cells (PCs), is closely related to topographic axonal projection and represents functional divisions, the details have not been fully clarified in mammals other than rodents. Therefore, we examined folial and compartmental organization of the marmoset cerebellum, which resembles the macaque cerebellum, and compared it with that of the rodent cerebellum by aldolase C immunostaining, three‐dimensional reconstruction of the PC layer, and labeling of olivocerebellar and corticonuclear projections. Longitudinal stripes of different aldolase C expression intensities separated the entire cerebellar cortex into multiple compartments. Lobule VIIAb–d was equivalent to rodent lobule VIc in that it contained a transverse gap in the cortical layers and served as the rostrocaudal boundary for compartments and axonal branching. Olivocortical and corticonuclear projection patterns in major compartments indicated that the compartmental organization in the marmoset cerebellum was generally equivalent to that in the rodent cerebellum, although two compartments were missing in the pars intermedia and several compartments that have not been seen in rodents were recognized in the flocculus, nodulus, and the most lateral hemisphere. Reconstruction showed that the paraflocculus and flocculus were formed by a single longitudinal sheet, the axis of which was parallel to the aldolase C compartments, PC dendrites, and olivocerebellar climbing fiber distribution. The results indicate that molecular compartmentalization in the marmoset cerebellum reflected both the common fundamental organization of the mammalian cerebellum and species‐dependent differentiation. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1764–1791, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From virtual reality to reality: Examining the relationship between sport video gaming and sport consumption behaviors

Insufficient attention has been given to the relationship between sport video games and sport consumer behaviors even though sports and sport video games are popular, multi-billion dollar industries. The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, examine the effects of sport video gamer identification on sport consumption behaviors. Second, investigate the extent which sport fan identification moderates the relationship between identifying as a sport video gamer and sport consumption behaviors. A structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicated that sport video gamer identification had a positive impact on sport consumption behaviors, but sport fan identification did not moderate the relationship between sport video gamer identification and sport consumption behaviors. Though the results were mixed, connecting sport organizations with sport video gamers does appear worthwhile because playing sport video games and identifying as a sport video gamer may lead to sport consumption behaviors. Key words: Sport video gaming, sport consumption behaviors, sport fan identification.
Regulation of peroxisomal proteins and organelle proliferation by multiple carbon sources in the methylotrophic yeast, Candida boidinii

A methylotrophic yeast, Candida boidinii, was grown on various combinations of peroxisome‐inducing carbon source(s) (PIC(s)), i.e. methanol, oleate and d‐alanine, and the regulation of peroxisomal proteins (both matrix and membrane ones) and organelle proliferation were studied. This regulation was followed (1) at the protein or enzyme level by means of the peroxisomal enzyme activity and Western analysis; (2) at the mRNA level by Northern analysis; and (3) at the organelle level by direct observation of peroxisomes under a fluorescent microscope. Peroxisomal proliferation was followed in vivo by using a C. boidinii strain producing a green fluorescent protein having peroxisomal targeting signal 1. When multiple PICs were used for cell growth, C. boidinii induced specific peroxisomal proteins characteristic of all PIC(s) present in the medium, responding to all PIC(s) simultaneously. Thus, these PICs were considered to induce peroxisomal proliferation independently and not to repress peroxisomes induced by other PICs. Next, the sensitivity of the peroxisomal induction to glucose repression was studied. While the peroxisomal induction by methanol or oleate was completely repressed by glucose, the d‐alanine‐induced activities of d‐amino acid oxidase and catalase, Pmp47, and the organelle proliferation were not. These results indicate that peroxisomal proliferation in yeasts is not necessarily sensitive to glucose repression. Lastly, this regulation was shown to occur at the mRNA level. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Processing and termination of 23S rRNA-5S rRNA-tRNA(Gly) primary transcripts in Thermus thermophilus HB8

The two 23S rRNA-5S rRNA-tRNAGly operons from the extreme thermophilic eubacterium Thermus thermophilus HB8 were used to characterized the in vivo processing and termination of 23S rRNA-5S rRNA-tRNAGly primary transcripts in this organism by nuclease S1 mapping. A processing site in the pre-23S rRNA 3'-flanking region is located approximately 25 nucleotides upstream of 5S rRNA and precedes a putative 23S-5S rRNA spacer antitermination box A. Cleavage at this site and 5S rRNA 5' end formation were shown to be inseparable events. Termination of transcription at the uridine cluster following the termination-associated hairpin was shown to be efficient but leaky. Subsequent to the operon, a functional promoter was detected whose -35 box coincided with the uridine-rich termination region. The promoter directed synthesis of a beta-galactosidase fusion protein in Escherichia coli.
Reproductive Interference between the Common Ground-hopper Tetrix undulata and the Slender Ground-hopper Tetrix subulata (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae)

Abstract The coexistence of closely related species is often hampered by resource competition or reproductive interference (interspecific sexual interactions). Species utilising similar signal channels might face substantial problems when they co-occur. It has, therefore, been suggested that reinforcement might drive signal evolution in narrow suture zones of secondary contact. However, species with large overlapping ranges are usually not believed to interact sexually. The Slender Ground-hopper, Tetrix subulata, and the Common Ground-hopper, Tetrix undulata (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) are sister species, which occur sympatrically in large parts of western and Central Europe, but rarely share the same habitat. It has been hypothesized that reproductive interference might account for their missing coexistence. Here, we test experimentally whether these two species interact sexually. Our results suggest an incomplete premating isolation of these ground-hoppers, as we recorded heterospecific courtship, mating attempts and mating. The number of conspecific copulations and mating attempts of T. subulata decreased substantially in the presence of T. undulata, whereas the latter species was not negatively affected. Males of both species preferred to approach females of T. undulata, whereas females of both species did not discriminate against heterospecific males. Further studies on the reproductive success are needed to clarify whether reproductive interference might influence habitat partitioning between these species.
In Vitro Production of Functionally Mature Hepatocytes from Prospectively Isolated Hepatic Stem Cells

Hepatocyte transplantation and artificial organ hepatic support require a number of functionally mature hepatocytes. However, their growth activity and functional behaviors are much smaller in culture after isolation from the liver. We examined whether continuously differentiating hepatocytes from multipotent hepatic stem cells that were isolated by using flow cytometry and propagated clonally in culture could be a source of clinical application. They actually gave rise to cells that were functionally equal to mature hepatocytes found in the adult liver, which secreted albumin into culture medium and metabolized harmful ammonium into urea. These data suggest that stem cell-derived hepatocytes are a useful cell source for developing therapeutic strategies, such as cell transplantation, gene therapy, and artificial liver organ to treat various liver disorders.
Specific enumeration of the probiotic strain Enterococcus Faecium NCIMB 10415 in the intestinal tract and in faeces of piglets and sows

The intestinal bacterium Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium SF68) has been used for more than a decade as a probiotic strain in animal nutrition as well as in the prevention and treatment of diarrhoea in humans. Beneficial effects have been shown in feeding and clinical trials. However, the strain has no selective growth markers and monitoring in the intestinal tract is impossible by cultivation. Using specific nucleotide sequences, in this study a probe for colony hybridization was constructed in order to quantify this probiotic strain in feed and intestinal and faecal samples from piglets and sows. The probiotic strain showed almost constant amounts in sow faeces (1.8·105 cfu/g wet weight), while contents in digesta and piglet faeces varied on a lower level depending on gut section and piglet age. The ratio of specific probiotic counts and total enterococci was much lower than in sow faeces however the strain could be detected reliably in faeces already on the 14th day of life. The application of the colony hybridization method enables for the first time the selective detection of the widely used probiotic E. faecium NCIMB 10415 strain among total Enterococcus spp. counts of digesta, faeces and feed. It is now possible to monitor the presence of the probiotic in the intestinal tract and faeces. Results of this study have implications for the proposed modes of action of probiotics in animal nutrition.
Trading ahead of Treasury auctions

I develop and test a model explaining the gradual price decrease observed in the days leading up to anticipated asset sales such as Treasury auctions. In the model, risk-averse investors expect an uncertain increase in the net supply of a risky asset. They face a trade-off between hedging the supply uncertainty with long positions, and speculating with short positions. As a result of hedging, the equilibrium price is above the expected price. As the supply shock approaches, uncertainty decreases due to the arrival of information, investors hedge less and speculate more, and the price decreases. In line with these predictions, meetings between the Treasury and primary dealers, as well as auction announcements, explain a 2.4 bps yield increase in Italian Treasuries. JEL Classification: G11, G12, E43
Does Islamic banking performance vary across regions? A new puzzle

ABSTRACT This article investigates the performance of Islamic banks (IBs) across four different regions (Egypt, the Gulf, the UK and the US) in the aftermath of the subprime crisis. Using daily data and two performance ratio proxies (ROA (Return on Asset) and Tobin Q), we show that the performance of IBs varies significantly from one region to another, with the highest level for regions in the West. This result suggests a new puzzle as application of the same Sharia Board rules and sales of similar products should normally provide comparable performance outcomes for IBs.
Circadian and Light-Induced Transcription of Clock Gene Per1 Depends on Histone Acetylation and Deacetylation

ABSTRACT Circadian clock genes are regulated through a transcriptional-translational feedback loop. Alterations of the chromatin structure by histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are commonly implicated in the regulation of gene transcription. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of mammalian clock genes by chromatin modification. Here, we show that the state of acetylated histones fluctuated in parallel with the rhythm of mouse Per1 (mPer1) or mPer2 expression in fibroblast cells and liver. Mouse CRY1 (mCRY1) repressed transcription with HDACs and mSin3B, which was relieved by the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). In turn, TSA induced endogenous mPer1 expression as well as the acetylation of histones H3 and H4, which interacted with the mPer1 promoter region in fibroblast cells. Moreover, a light pulse stimulated rapid histone acetylation associated with the promoters of mPer1 or mPer2 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the binding of phospho-CREB in the CRE of mPer1. We also showed that TSA administration into the lateral ventricle induced mPer1 and mPer2 expression in the SCN. Taken together, these data indicate that the rhythmic transcription and light induction of clock genes are regulated by histone acetylation and deacetylation.
Tradable credits for managing car travel: a review of empirical research and relevant behavioural approaches

ABSTRACT Recently, there has been a surge of interest in Tradable Credits (TC) as an alternative measure to manage the growth of personal car use. This paper summarises the results and methodologies of studies that have sought to anticipate the behavioural responses to several proposed TC schemes that target personal travel. In a critical reflection on this work and in an attempt to inspire future research, we argue that future empirical studies on TC behaviours can greatly benefit from insights from the fields of behavioural economics and cognitive psychology. Therefore, in the second part of the paper, we bring together behavioural concepts from these fields that are relevant in a TC decision-making context. Based on observations from current TC studies and the behavioural mechanisms identified in the second part of the paper, we propose promising directions for future research on understanding the impact of TC on personal car travel.
Coronary flow reserve assessed by myocardial contrast echocardiography predicts mortality in patients with heart failure.

AIMS the aim of the study was to assess whether myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) can predict mortality in patients with heart failure. Myocardial viability, ischaemia, and coronary flow reserve (CFR) are predictors of mortality in patients with heart failure. MCE can assess myocardial viability, ischaemia, and CFR at the bedside. However, its prognostic value is unknown in patients with heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS eighty-seven patients (age: 68 ± 10 years, 62% male) with heart failure [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 35% ± 13] underwent low-power intermittent MCE at rest and 2 min after dipyridamole infusion. Resting and stress perfusion score index were derived qualitatively. CFR (MBF at stress/MBF at rest) was calculated by a quantitative method. All patients underwent coronary arteriography. Patients were followed up for mortality. Of the 87 patients, 43 (49%) patients had coronary artery disease. There were 28 (32%) deaths during a mean follow-up of 4.1 ± 1.7 years. Type 2 diabetes [P = 0.02, hazard ratios (HR) 2.43, confidence interval (CI) 1.13-5.22] and CFR (P = 0.001, HR 0.15, CI 0.05-0.45) were independent predictors of mortality. A CFR ≤ 1.5 had a significantly (P < 0.0001) higher mortality of 49 vs. 10% in patients with CFR > 1.5 over the 4 year follow-up period. CONCLUSION CFR determined by MCE is a powerful predictor of mortality in patients with heart failure.
Time, Uncertainty and Trade Flows

This paper quantifies the impact of international transport time on bilateral trade flows in goods using previously unexploited information drawn from a large data set on international parcel delivery times. In line with previous work, we find that an extra day spent in international transit reduces bilateral trade by just under 1% at the sample median. In addition, and for the first time in the literature, we examine the impact of time‐related uncertainty, which requires traders to hold costly inventories or build costly redundancies into supply chains. We find that a one day increase in international transport time uncertainty reduces bilateral trade flows by just over 1%. Splitting the sample into developing and developed countries shows that international transit time matters primarily for south–south trade, whereas uncertainty is relatively more important for north–north trade. Using new data on trade in intermediate versus final goods, we also find some evidence that time and uncertainty both matter more for movements of intermediates of the type that takes place within global value chains.