Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Congestion Pricing in Urban Polycentric Networks with Distorted Labor Markets: A Spatial General Equilibrium Model for the Area Randstad

This paper examines the properties of taxes applied in the road links of a polycentric network and their interaction with a spatially-invariant tax on labor income. With the use of a theoretical model, the total welfare change from a revenue-neutral swap between the tax in an arbitrary road link and the distortionary labor tax is decomposed into three distinct effects. These are shown to be the network counterparts of the tax-interaction, revenue-recycling and Pigouvian effects of traditional double-dividend theory. Subsequently, these effects are approximated in a numerical version of the model, used to simulate various tax schemes imposed during the peak commuting hours. With the elasticities of labor supply and transport at plausible values, the results suggest that a cut in the distortionary tax, financed by the road tax revenue, is an essential policy element, independent of the applied tax scheme. In the context of a revenue-neutral tax swap, marginal external cost pricing and the flat kilometer tax are shown to be particularly efficient at low rates of the distortionary tax. At high rates, however, a system of cordon tolls around the major employment nodes of the network is shown to be more effective. With the transportation cross-elasticities at the lower bound, the results show that marginal external cost pricing may be welfare-reducing even when its revenue is recycled in a tax cut manner. At the same time, other archetype externality pricing schemes produce gains only in very low levels of the distortionary tax.
Individual Response Variations to Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Introduction: Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESA) enables the correction of anemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) but ESA resistance remains incompletely understood among HD patients. Objectives: to examine variations in the response to erythropoietin (Epo) and identify factors which influence it. Patients and Methods: Prospective observational study conducted over 12 months on Egyptian patients on maintenance HD. The response to Epo was estimated by erythropoietin resistance index (ERI), defined as Epo dosage over a week divided by the post-HD weight and Hgb value. Results: The study included 89 patients (40.45% males) of avarage age 54.16 years, who had been on maintenance HD for average 94.47 months. Different ESA doses were needed to achieve and maintain the target Hgb range. The individual weekly dose of ESA ranged from 14.29 U/kg/week to 196.96 U/kg/week and of the ERI ranged from 1.22 U/kg/week/g/dl to 17.13 U/kg/week/g/dl. A satisfactory Epo response with ERI below 5 U/kg/week/g/dl was found in 33.7% of patients, while 23.6% had average ERI above the 10 U/kg/week/g/dl, indicating that the percentage of patients with a poor response to Epo is not negligible. Multivariate analysis revealed serum albumin, transferrin saturation and statins use to be inversely related to ERI, whereas Creactive protein(CRP), dialysis dose (spKt/V), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI)/ angiotensin receptor blocker(ARB) use and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were associated with higher ESA resistance. Conclusion: Target Hgb levels were achieved and maintained by different doses of Epo in individual patients as a result of large individual variations in the response to ESA estimated by the ERI. Serum albumin and CRP were the strongest independent predictors of ERI.
Larvae define spawning habitat of bocaccio rockfish Sebastes paucispinis within and around a large southern California marine reserve

Identifying sources of larval production and subsequent dispersal paths is critical for evaluating the efficacy of marine protected areas. We assessed whether the Cowcod Conservation Area (CCA), the largest oceanic reserve in the Southern California Bight (SCB), established to conserve cowcod Sebastes levis, protects essential spawning habitat of another overfished rockfish, bocaccio S. paucispinis. To this end we investigated relationships between age-specific (recently hatched, preflexion and postflexion) larval distribution and abundance, environmental indicators (temperature, chlorophyll a), and depth between 2002 and 2004. Larval presence was consistently higher in the CCA than in surrounding areas of the SCB. Abundances of bocaccio larvae from all size classes peaked in 2004, which had relatively low sea surface temperature and high chlorophyll a. Depth and sea surface temperature or chlorophyll a were significantly related to the presence of recently hatched larvae, which were most common in cooler western CCA waters where chlorophyll a tended to be highest. In contrast, later stage larvae were not significantly related to depth, indicating that they had been advected from natal locations. Examination of current patterns and the distribution of older larvae suggested that the direction of larval transport varied among years, with mostly northwestward transport in 2002, a cyclonic recirculation feature that may have retained larvae within the CCA in 2003, and southwestward transport in 2004. These results demonstrate that spatial and temporal oceanographic heterogeneity affect larval distribution and transport in this region. We conclude that the CCA protects essential bocaccio spawning habitat and is an important source of bocaccio production in the SCB.
Understanding the role of co-solvents in the dissolution of cellulose in ionic liquids

The dissolution of microcrystalline cellulose in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C4C1Im][OAc] was studied using a solid–liquid equilibrium method based on polarized-light optical microscopy from 30 to 100 °C. We found that [C4C1Im][OAc] could dissolve as much as 25 wt% of cellulose at temperatures below 100 °C. The structure of the composite phase obtained after cooling a solution of 16 wt% of cellulose in [C4C1Im][OAc] was analyzed by low angle X-ray diffraction showing the absence of microcrystalline cellulose, but depicting an extensive long range isotropic ordering. With the aim of improving the dissolution of cellulose in the ionic liquid, dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, was added as a co-solvent. It was observed that it enhances the solvent power of the ionic liquid by decreasing the time needed for dissolution, even at low temperatures. In order to understand what makes DMSO a good co-solvent, two approaches were followed. Firstly, we studied experimentally the mass transport properties (viscosity and ionic conductivity) of [C4C1Im][OAc] + DMSO mixtures at different compositions and, secondly, we assessed the molecular structure and interactions around glucose, the structural unit of cellulose, by means of molecular dynamics simulations. As expected, DMSO dramatically decreases the viscosity and increases the conductivity of the mixtures, but without inducing cation–anion dissociation in the ionic liquid. These results were confirmed by molecular simulation as it was found that the presence of a 0.5 mole fraction concentration of DMSO does not significantly affect the hydrogen-bond network in the ionic liquid. Furthermore, molecular dynamics shows that in the [C4C1Im][OAc] + DMSO equimolar mixture, DMSO does not interact specifically with glucose. We conclude that DMSO improves the solvation capabilities of the ionic liquid because it facilitates mass transport by decreasing the solvent viscosity without significantly affecting the specific interactions between cations and anions or between the ionic liquid and the polymer. The behavior of DMSO as a co-solvent was compared with that of water and it was found that water molecules are more probably found near glucose than those of DMSO, thus interfering with ionic liquid–glucose interactions, which might explain the unsuitability of water as a co-solvent for cellulose in ionic liquids.
2 Weyl Hamiltonian and Berry Gauge Field

Generalized Dirac monopoles in momentum space are constructed in even d + 1 dimensions from the Weyl Hamiltonian in terms of Green’s functions. In 3 + 1 dimensions, the (unit) charge of the monopole is equal to both the winding number and the Chern number, expressed as the integral of the Berry curvature. Based on the equivalence of the Chern and winding numbers, a chirally coupled and Lorentz invariant field theory action is studied for the Weyl semimetal phase. At the one loop order, the effective action yields both the chiral magnetic effect and the anomalous Hall effect. The Chern number appears as a coefficient in the conductivity, thus emphasizes the role of topology. The anomalous contribution of chiral fermions to transport phenomena is reflected as the gauge anomaly with the Pfaffian invariant (E ·B). Relevance of monopoles and Chern numbers for the semiclassical chiral kinetic theory is also discussed.
The Control Of Radiation Exposure From CT Scans

Computed tomography is a popular diagnostic tool in medicine. The widespread use of CT involves considerable radiation exposure to scan subjects. The radiation burden has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. The use of CT as a screening technique provides an additional dimension to the controversy. The article explores conflicting views with respect to radiation exposure from computed tomography. Recent advances in scan application and technology that offer scope for dose reduction are discussed.
Ancestry Culture and Female Employment - An Analysis Using Second-Generation Siblings

We study the importance of ancestry culture for female employment. To identify the separate importance of ancestry culture and institutions is difficult, as the factors are related to each other as well as to a host of potentially omitted factors. The epidemiological approach tries to separate culture and institutions by investigating outcomes of immigrants with different cultures living in the same institutional environment. We show that estimates from studies using this approach are likely to be biased upwards. Having access to very detailed registry data on the whole Norwegian population, we are able to rely on an extended epidemiological approach whereby we compare the outcomes of different sex, second generation immigrant siblings. We find a robust effect of ancestry culture on female employment, but it is smaller than in previous studies. ∗Henning Finseraas: Institute for Social Research, P.box 3233 Elisenberg, 0208 Oslo, Phone: +47 95169855, Norway e-mail: henning.finseraas@samfunnsforskning.no, Andreas Kotsadam: The Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research, e-mail: andreas.kotsadam@frisch.uio. no. We are grateful to Sara Cools and seminar participants at the University of Oslo and Institute for Social Research for helpful comments and suggestions. This paper is part of the research activities at the centre of Equality, Social Organization, and Performance (ESOP) at the Department of Economics at the University of Oslo. ESOP is supported by the Research Council of Norway. Funding from the Norwegian Research Council (grant numbers 257603 and 236992) is also acknowledged.
Optimized Pricing Decisions In a Multi-Level Supply Chain With Various Power and Channel Structures: A Game-Theoretic Approach

This article studies the optimization of pricing decisions in a supply chain with different channels under different power structure. Three different channel will be considered here; these include: the decentralized, the semi-integrated, and the integrated channel. There are two types of power balance structures for both the decentralized and the semi-integrated channels. The first type is a leader_ follower power structure and the second type is an independent power structure.
Funding bright ideas in the dark continent

This work explores the potential of small businesses and entrepreneurs, in developing countries, and Nigeria more specifically, in exploring the opportunities offered by social media based crowdfunding. The aim is to propose a framework for funding bright ideas that have the capacity to support economic growth in the African continent and create continuous employment and prosperity for its people. The means for achieving such a transformation is proposed here as social media based crowdfunding. Some variables identified in this study are also visible in some other parts of the world like Asia and South America, and thus, the solutions recommended here can be translated (with some minor adjustments) to such markets. The research uses data taken from a range of fundraisers in the United Kingdom and Nigeria, to “determine the effects of social media as a crowdfunding platform for startups, particularly in the developing world”.
Developing a Safe-by-Design Manufacturing

10 The aim of this study is to provide a detailed strategy for Safe-by-Design (SbD) 3D printed lab11 on-a-chip (LOC) device manufacturing, using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology. At first, 12 the applicability of FFF in lab-on-a-chip device development is briefly discussed. Subsequently, a 13 methodology to categorize, identify and implement SbD measures for FFF is suggested. Furthermore, 14 the most crucial health risks involved in FFF processes are examined, placing the focus on the 15 examination of ultrafine particle (UFP) and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emission hazards. 16 Thus, a SbD scheme for lab-on-a-chip manufacturing is provided, while also taking into account 17 process optimization for obtaining satisfactory printed LOC quality. This work can serve as a 18 guideline for the effective application of FFF technology for lab-on-a-chip manufacturing through the 19 safest applicable way, towards a continuous effort to support sustainable development of lab-on-a20 chip devices through cost-effective means. 21
of Life in Myocardial Infarction Patients Goal Processes in Relation to Goal Attainment : Predicting Health-related Quality

Goal theory suggests that both goal attainment and psychological processes concerning goal pursuit can influence a patient’s (health-related) quality of life (HRQL) (e.g. Carver & Scheier, 1999). In the present longitudinal study, 46 MI patients completed questionnaires shortly after hospitalization and four months later, assessing a health, social and individual goal for the coming year, goal conflict, goal self-efficacy, goal attainment and HRQL. The results of a multiple regression analysis suggest that both goal conflict and goal self-efficacy predict goal attainment. Furthermore, goal self-efficacy appeared to be an independent predictor of physical and social HRQL. Goal attainment had a medium effect on social HRQL, but its effect was mediated by goal conflict and goal self-efficacy. A goal theory perspective seems to offer additional insights into HRQL after an MI.
“Synchronous online chat” English: Computer‐mediated communication

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the linguistic features of e-English, relying on a large corpus of authentic IRC and Yahoo Messenger chat sessions (both public and private). The study concludes that economy is a salient attribute of e-English. Among the other major linguistic features that were detected in this study are: sentences are characteristically short and simple, many words are distorted and truncated in familiar and unfamiliar ways, abbreviations and acronyms are widespread, and taboo words very likely to occur in most chat sessions (especially in public ones). One more major finding is that e-English can be viewed as unclassifiable as either written or spoken language despite the written medium wherein it occurs.
Community attitudes towards the mentally ill in Serbia

Introduction. Integration of the mentally ill into the community is one of the essential objectives of social rehabilitation. Deinstitutionalization is one of the central points of contemporary mental health reforms across the world. The acceptance of people with mental health problems in the general population is an important factor in determining the success of implementing deinstitutionalization strategies. Furthermore, medical students during their education attain knowledge about mental health problems as standard part of their curriculum. Quantifying the outlook towards people with mental health problems in future doctors is an important determinant of prospective community-based care. Aim. Assessment of community attitudes towards the mentally ill in a repreCOMMUNITY ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE MENTALLY ILL IN SERBIA
Enhancing YouShare: the online collaboration research environment for sharing data and services

This paper describes recent enhancements to the YouShare platform, the online collaboration environment, which allows researchers to share data and software applications and perform compute-intensive analysis tasks quickly and securely. The enhancements to the platform are a result of user feedback on the current system and technology advancements. These fall into four groups – better handling of searching, use of synonyms, the addition of a workflow tool and enhancements to the infrastructure. The paper outlines these improvements. Key / Index word or phrases. Search, synonym search, workflow.
Should we Bend towards Blending? How?

Blended learning that combines face-to-face and online educational delivery can occur at activity, course, program, and institution level. In this study, course-level blending in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) course was examined. The students of face-to-face mode were enrolled in Moodle. However, their participation in Moodle was optional (i.e. low level of blending). Data collected from a class test and end-of-semester questionnaire survey suggest that blending does have a positive effect on learning achievement and students do perceive blending positively. Overall, the study shows optimism towards the prospects of blended learning. However, for the successful integration of Moodle, easy access to the Internet and orientation for using Moodle are to be ensured.Journal of NELTA , Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, page: 54-67
Needs Analysis of the Application of Sport Science to Improve Physical Condition of Junior Tennis Athletes

One of the main objectives of sport is to pursue optimal achievement. To develop progressions and measure this achievement requires the application of sport science. A key area of sports science in through strength and conditioning programming to help athletes to be stronger, faster, powerful, agile and have more resilience to endure physically and psychologically. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview for the need of applying sport science to improve the physical condition of junior tennis athletes. Data was collected from 11 (6 male and 5 female) players at Tennis Plus Bandung, aged 14 years. The methodology used in this research is a descriptive method to describe the comparison of data collected from a pre-determined battery of tests of the subjects’ current physical condition and physical condition from researched normative data for male and female aged 14 years. Three instrument tests used were, namely: Push up for upper body strength, 20m sprint for speed, and Bleep test for endurance. Results showed only 1 male subject was above the norm for speed. All subjects were below the norm for upper body strength, with 1 female and 3 male subjects recorded above the norm for
AN EXAMINATION OF LAND USE IN THE AMASYA DEVELOPMENT PLAN THROUGH CLUSTER ANALYSIS

In this study, existing and future land use patterns were examined in the development plan for Amasya using hierarchical cluster analysis. To this end, the area encompassed by the Amasya development plan was partitioned into grids to examine their proximities and similarities to each other in terms of land use. In addition, linkages among the grids were investigated with respect to the land use patterns. Linkages among land use functions were determined in this research through cluster analysis. After exposing the similarities among the grids, the shortcomings with regard to the necessary social infrastructure within the grids were identified, and the requirements of similar urban development approaches to grids with similar characteristics were described. This paper emphasizes the need for healthy, sustainable development and a planned and balanced distribution of social infrastructure in urban
Case report Κλινικό περιστατικό Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in Iberian Wolf

: A subsample consisting of fifty fecal samples from wild Iberian Wolf ( Canis lupus signatus ), from the northwest of Spain were collected in the field. The samples were analyzed for cysts of Giardia sp. and oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. using a direct immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA). Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. were found in 20.0 % of the samples examined. Simple infections were more frequent (90.0 %) with seven (14.0 %) positive for Giardia sp. and two (4.0 %) positive for Cryptosporidium sp. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp. in Iberian Wolf.
Agency Conflicts, Socioemotional Wealth, and the Debt Maturity Structure of Family Firms: A Critical Analysis

This paper aims to study the impact of the distinctive agency and socioemotional features of family firms on their debt maturity choices using a literature analysis of this topic, still substantially unexplored. Therefore, the paper examines the relationships between owners and managers; majority and minority shareholders, and family shareholders and family outsiders; and owners and creditors. The analysis suggests that the propensity of family businesses to use long-term debt depends on the generation leading the family firm, family blockholders, motivation for expropriating minority shareholders, family outsiders and their socioemotional orientation. Much still remains to be empirically studied. One interesting issue to explore further would be the influence of country-specific factors worldwide, in combination with firm-specific characteristics relating to agency conflicts and socioemotional wealth, on the debt maturity decisions of family firms, compared to non-family ones. Given the international importance of family firms, and their widespread presence and activity worldwide, additional empirical results on this topic may help governments adopt specific policies, that will better support family businesses, in light of their peculiar and unique economic and non-economic aspects.
Aging-Related Differences in the Resolution of Ambiguity from Case Marker Deletions in a
Verb-Final Language

695 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2019 Korean Academy of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Aging-Related Differences in the Resolution of Ambiguity from Case Marker Deletions in a Verb-Final Language