Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Customer inspiration in a tourism context: an investigation of driving and moderating factors

ABSTRACT Customer inspiration is an emerging and promising topic in marketing literature, yet this concept is still deserving of more attention from tourism scholars. This pioneer study aims at explaining tourist inspiration from the drivers and moderators perspective. Specifically, place attachment and openness to experience are hypothesized as drivers of tourist inspiration while service value to peaceful life and service value to social recognition are investigated as moderators. To test the proposed hypotheses, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is applied to a sample of 238 international tourists from Europe, America and Asia travelling to Vietnam. The results indicate that both place attachment and openness to experience have positive effects on tourist inspiration. In addition, service value to peaceful life is found to weaken the relationship between openness to experience and inspiration. Meanwhile, service value to social recognition is found to mitigate the association between place attachment and inspiration. These research findings provide both theoretical and practical implications for tourism scholars and practitioners.
A protocol analysis of use of forward and backward reasoning during valuation problem solving

PurposeBehavioural studies of valuers have suggested that valuers rely on a number of cognitive strategies involving reasoning and intuition when undertaking a valuation task. However, there are few studies of the actual reasoning mechanisms in valuation. In other fields, much attention has been paid to forward and backward reasoning, as this shows the choices and decisions that are made in undertaking a complex task. This paper studied this during a valuation task. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to develop a methodological approach for empirical research on valuers’ reasoning, and, second, to report expert-novice differences on valuers’ use of forward and backward reasoning during a valuation problem solving.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilised a verbal protocol analysis (VPA) to elicit think-aloud data from a purposive sample of a group of valuers of different levels of expertise undertaking a commercial-valuation task. Through a content analysis interpretive strategy, the transcripts were analysed into different cognitive segments identifying the forward and backward reasoning strategies.FindingsThe findings showed that valuers accomplished the valuation task by dividing the overall problem into sub-problems. These sub-problems are thereafter solved by integrating available data with existing knowledge by relying more on forward reasoning than backward reasoning. However, there were effects associated with the level of expertise in the way the processes of forward and backward reasoning are used, with the expert and intermediate valuers being more thorough and comprehensive in their reasoning process than the novices.Research limitations/implicationsThis study explores the possibility that forward and backward reasoning play an important role in commercial valuation problem solving using a limited sample of valuers. Given this, data cannot be generalised to all valuation practice settings but may motivate future research that examines the effectiveness of forward and backward reasoning in diverse valuation practice settings and develops a holistic model of valuation reasoning.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study are applicable to valuation practice. Future training efforts need to evaluate the usefulness of teaching problem solving and explicitly recognise forward and backward reasoning, along with other problem-solving strategies uncovered in this study, as standard training strategies for influencing the quality of valuation decisions.Originality/valueBy adopting VPA, this study employs an insightful and rich dataset which allows an interpretation of thoughts of valuers into cognitive reasoning strategies that provide a deeper level of understanding of how valuers solve valuation problem; this has not been possible in previous related valuation studies.
The Influence of Foreign Direct Investment and Public Incentives on the Socio-Economic Development of Regions: An Empirical Study from the Czech Republic

This article investigates the impact of foreign direct investment, government financial incentives as well as science and research expenditures on different socio-economic development processes in the Czech Republic. These financial flows are important for economic growth of regions and constitute a substantial part of financial flows within national economies. We focus on the effect of these aspects on various indicators concerning the business environment, labor market, population growth and construction activity. The analysis is conducted using OLS regression models. Results indicate that it takes about two years for foreign direct investment to take effect and its influence is relevant for approximately 13 years. We found that foreign direct investment has a considerable influence on the number of small firms in the region, on the number of buildings permits in the region and on the value of residential estates. Our analysis further shows that government investment incentives have an impact on similar areas as foreign direct investment, which is in accordance with the general theory of the functioning of the economy. Science and research expenditures, on the other hand, seem not to have any effect in the first seven years after the expense has been realized. In this case, science and research expenditures show a longer time to respond as far as the studied indicators are concerned. The concrete effects of foreign direct investment and government financial incentives in terms of numerical values have been calculated using the structure of our models. The magnitude and reasons for these effects are discussed. The results of these calculations indicate that foreign direct investment and government investment incentives have significant positive effect on the development processes of regions but in specific areas only.
Democracy, Regime Durability and Terrorism in Africa

ABSTRACT This study investigated the causal linkages among democracy, regime durability and terrorism for a panel of 53 African countries over the period 1980-2012. Due to the count nature of terrorism data, the study employs a negative binomial regression estimator. The empirical analysis is based on four terrorism types namely: domestic, transnational, uncertain and total terrorism respectively. The following are the key findings: First, with the exception of the specification relating to uncertain terrorism, the unconditional effect of democracy was found to be negative on the other three dimensions of terrorism. Second, the unconditional impact of regime durability was also positive on terrorism with the exception of uncertain terrorism but in a rather inconsistent manner. Third, the interactions between democracy and regime durability are found to have positive marginal effects on all the terrorism types except uncertain terrorism. Fourth, the net effects of interaction between democracy and regime durability are positive across various models of these terrorism measures. Lastly, the theoretical priors of other covariates are equally validated across different measures of terrorism. On the policy arena, mitigating terrorism would require embracing democratic regime and mainstreaming the concomitant doctrines into the politico-institutional architecture but not without moderation in regime elongation.
Neighborhood Affordability and Housing Market Resilience

Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings: Although many researchers have examined factors associated with vulnerability to foreclosure, few have investigated the role neighborhood affordability plays in foreclosures in metropolitan areas. In this study, we examine the effects of location affordability (i.e., housing and transportation affordability combined) on resilience to foreclosure in more than 300 U.S. metropolitan areas during the U.S. housing recovery period. Using hierarchical linear regression with changes in zip code–level home foreclosure rates, our findings suggest the relationship between affordability and foreclosure resilience varies according to urban form (central/high-density city versus suburban low-density area) and types of metropolitan housing markets (boom–bust versus strong versus weak). In the national analysis, where location affordability was high, home foreclosure rates dropped substantially in central/high-density areas but not in suburban low-density areas. When we disaggregated the zip codes according to the market type, location affordability contributed to recovery in central cities in strong and weak metros and in the suburbs of boom–bust metros. There was no positive association in the suburbs of strong and weak metros. With improved data, future studies could measure an association between affordability and lower income renter households. Takeaway for practice: Our study of the affordability crisis that followed the foreclosure crisis shows that planners can foster resilient and affordable housing markets by expanding and densifying affordable neighborhood locations and considering interactions between the costs of housing and transportation. Planners can improve neighborhood affordability with local and regional strategies based on the local residential density and the type of metropolitan housing market.
Going the Extra Mile: Effort by Workers and Job-Seekers

We introduce two types of effort into an otherwise standard labor search model to examine equilibrium determinacy. Indeterminacy occurs when wages rise sharply in response to a labor market tightening. Variable labor effort gives rise to short-run increasing returns to hours in production. This raises workers’ marginal product and wages, expanding the region of indeterminacy. Variable search effort makes workers search more intensively in a tighter labor market, which limits the rise in wages and shrinks the region of indeterminacy. Indeterminacy disappears completely when vacancy posting costs are replaced with hiring costs.
School District Superintendents’ and Attorneys’ Perceptions of the Most Important Educational Law Issues Impacting Agricultural Science Teachers.

Teachers are tasked with the important role of educating and empowering the Nation’s youth. Although teaching is a rewarding vocation, teachers are subjected to risk and liabilities on a daily basis. The rising number of school-based litigation and the litigious nature of today’s society bolster the need for teachers to abide and understand the administrative, statutory, judicial, and constitutional laws mandated in the state of Texas. Aside from the general liabilities faced by educators, agricultural science teachers are exposed to additional liabilities due to their unique professional responsibilities. A systematic delivery of educational law training could potentially aid in improving the educational law competency of teachers in Texas. However, educational law training is only viable if the most pertinent educational law issues are being addressed. To identify the most important educational law issues, this Delphi study involved the inquiry of school district superintendents’ and attorneys’ opinions of the most important educational law issues. The panel indicated teacher rights, student discipline, special education, and teacher’s communication with students as the most important general educational laws issues. Moreover, the issues of student safety/supervision, communication with parents and superiors, and financial responsibility were the most important agricultural education-related issues faced by teachers.
Effect of new product alliances on building cross-functional capability: cross-fertilisation or cannibalisation?

ABSTRACT The extant literature has focused mainly on how establishing alliances helps firms develop their capabilities within focal functional areas, while paying limited attention to the cross-functional effects of alliances. Drawing on the knowledge-spillover literature and resource-dependence theory, this study investigates the effects of new product development (NPD) alliances on building cross-functional capabilities, testing the influences of important organisational, strategic, and environmental contingencies. Based on survey data collected from 212 Chinese firms, the findings reveal that, for resource-abundant firms, R&D-focused NPD alliances have cross-functional fertilisation effects on marketing capabilities; whereas for resource-constrained or highly innovative firms such alliances cannibalise marketing capabilities; in dynamic markets, marketing-focused NPD alliances cross-fertilise technological capabilities, but such an effect is weaker in firms adopting a highly incremental innovation orientation. Overall, this study sheds new light on how NPD alliances affect cross-functional capabilities under important contingencies.
Green skills in vocational teacher education: a model of pedagogical competence for a world of sustainable development

The reform of [technical and vocational education and training] TVET systems all over the world as well as in Asia is an essential request in a time of fast-change and sustainable development. Securing quality in vocational teacher education plays an important role in achieving the supply of adequately skilled workers in this context. To make sure that vocational teachers have the necessary competencies to fulfil the requirement in the new era and to facilitate the process of vocational teacher education, the professional profile of the vocational teaching profession needs to be reviewed and consolidated.
RETURN ON EQUITY EFFECT AND DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO ON RETURN STOCK OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE

The objective of research is to analyze the influence of Return on Equity and Debt to equity to stock returns. In this study the subjects taken were stocks that entered the food and beverage sector that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2010 - 2015. The selection of samples in this study was conducted by Purposive Sampling in order to obtain a representative sample according to predetermined criteria. The number of food and beverage industry samples that meet the criteria are 13 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010-2015. The data analysis technique used to solve the problem in this study is panel data regression analysis with the help of the EViews program. The results of this study indicate that ROE has a positive and not significant effect on stock returns and DER has a positive and significant effect on food and beverage stock returns listed on the IDX in 2010-2015.
Sentiment analysis on Bahasa Indonesia tweets using Unibigram models and machine learning techniques

Sentiment analysis on English tweets has its challenges. In addition to frequent use of the informal language, the words used are usually less consistent, contain abbreviations, and mixed with local languages. In this study, we combined n-grams feature selection models, i.e., unigrams, bigrams, and unibigram (1 + 2-grams) to analyze the public opinion of the Bahasa Indonesia tweets about the presidential candidates of the Republic of Indonesia in the 2014 presidential election. The experiment was carried out using Naive Bayes classifiers, Maximum Entropy classifiers, and Support Vector Machines with and without stop words removal and stemming in pre-processed tweet documents. The experiment results show the best performance is achieved by Naïve Bayes classifiers with unibigram feature models without removing the stop words and stemming process. This method achieved high performance with the precision and recall up to 85.50% indicating that automatic sentiment analysis of tweet documents using well-known supervised learning methods is feasible for the Indonesian language. More interestingly is the fact that stop words removal and stemming process on the corpus made the classification performances worse compared with the corpus that experienced cleansing only.
Country-level governance, accounting standards, and tax avoidance: a cross-country study

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of country-level governance and accounting standards on corporate tax avoidance. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an empirical work using a sample of listed companies from 36 countries. Findings This paper finds that firms resident in countries with stronger country-level governance engage in less tax avoidance. Aspects of stronger country-level governance include higher government effectiveness and regulatory quality, and stronger enforcement of law and control of corruption. This paper also finds that firms adopting international accounting standards (IFRS) engage in less tax avoidance than those using local accounting standards. Further examination of the effect of interactions between country-level governance and the adoption of IFRS on tax avoidance finds that there is a substitute relationship between country-level governance and the adoption of IFRS. Social implications This study has significant implications for policy makers, corporate management and academics. It documents that when a country implements governance targeting improving government effectiveness, enhancing regulatory quality, strengthening enforcement of laws and controlling corruption, this will lead to less corporate tax avoidance. It also shows that the adoption of IFRS will reduce corporate tax avoidance, probably by enhancing accounting quality and disclosure, and that the adoption of IFRS provides a bond mechanism in reducing tax avoidance in countries with weak governance. Originality/value This paper is the first study to examine the impact of country-level governance on tax avoidance at the corporate level. It is also the first study to examine how country-level governance interplays with IFRS in shaping firms’ tax avoidance activities.
Bank mergers and acquisitions in Greece: the financial crisis and its effect on shareholder wealth

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the wealth implications of bank mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the unique Greek setting given the triple crisis phenomenon – banking, sovereign debt and economic crises – that prevailed after the global financial crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines bank M&As and bank transactions over the period from 1997 to 2018, as well as government-assisted M&As during the crisis. The wealth effects of bank M&As are assessed using both univariate and multivariate frameworks.FindingsFindings show a neutral crisis effect on the valuation of M&As upon their announcement. However, the authors provide conclusive evidence that M&A completions are value-destroying events for acquiring banks during the crisis, far worse than in the pre-crisis period. Greek banks also fail to create value from government-assisted mergers. The results suggest that the financial stability and the prevention of further deepening of the Greek crisis with possible contagion effects were achieved at the expense of shareholders and taxpayers.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines the impact of the Greek triple crisis on the wealth effects of bank M&As and bank transactions. Also, the study provides first evidence with regard to the economic impact of government-assisted M&As in the European context.
Transport Corridors for Wider Socio–Economic Development

There can be two broad objectives of transport corridor development: to improve efficiency in the transport and logistics processes in the corridor, and to generate economic development in the corridor region, capitalizing on improved connectivity and transport networks. This paper focuses on the second objective of corridor development. A transport corridor can become a tool for spatially balanced and more sustainable economic development and human well-being in the corridor region. Considering the promise of this approach, this paper undertakes a critical review of transport infrastructure development studies undertaken in Sub-Saharan and South Asian countries to find evidence of infrastructure development impacts. Evidence gathered from the review suggests that transport infrastructure development can have significant positive impacts on economic growth, income, poverty, employment, equity, and inclusion. However, there can be important trade-offs between economy and welfare and environmental quality, and the distribution of impacts can be uneven. The paper also considers how some of the transport corridor development issues are addressed and complementary interventions that may be required, and, finally, discusses lessons learned from the review and their policy implications which can be useful for future corridor designs, and provides suggestions of research studies to fill the current knowledge gaps.
THE IMPACTS OF INFORMALITY ON ENTERPRISE INNOVATION, SURVIVAL AND PERFORMANCE: SOME EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between informality, innovation and firm survival. To do so, a study of a cluster of electrical fittings firms in Pakistan is reported. Reporting bivariate and multivariate probit models to analyze two surveys conducted between 2008 and 2017, the finding is that there is a significant relationship between informality and the extent of innovation, firm survival and firm performance. Informality has an adverse negative effect on firm-level innovation, firm survival and firm performance. Given that formal enterprises in this cluster are better performing in terms of innovation, survival and employment growth than informal businesses, the paper concludes by discussing the theoretical, policy and research implications.
Marketing in emerging markets: a review, theoretical synthesis and extension

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of theoretical models and studies dealing with the international marketing strategies in emerging markets and provides recommendations for future research based on the review. Design/methodology/approach A review of literature on the topic was conducted and a new model is developed as a theoretical extension on the basis of insights from prior research. Findings Organizations need to take into account several characteristics of consumers and markets in advance as part of their business plan to select appropriate emerging markets, and decide best possible entry modes. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, there is no comprehensive review article on this subject, which provides directions for future research. The authors fill this gap in the literature and suggest strategies with regard to market selection, entry modes, market adaptation, customer relationship development with a new four-dimensional model.