Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Attitudes and Behaviors on Food Safety and Quality Management Systems of Firm Owners in Olive Oil Enterprises: The Case Study of Mugla Province-Turkey

Olive oil is one of the foods that are preferred by consumers seeking healthy nutrition. Healthy, safety and high quality olive oil production can only be achieved in olive oil enterprises that follow these criteria. Therefore, food safety and quality management systems should be placed in these olive oil enterprises. The aim of this study was to determine behaviors and attitudes of firm owners towards the application of food safety and quality management systems in olive oil enterprises in the Milas district of Mugla province. The material used in this study was collected by face-to-face surveying of the 60 firm owners of the olive oil enterprises in Milas. Sample size was determined by using proportional sampling. In this study, five-point likert scale was used in terms of attitudes and behaviors on food safety and quality management systems of firm owners in olive oil enterprises. In this research, the knowledge level of olive oil enterprise owners on food safety and quality management systems was determined to be inadequate. In addition, logistic regression analysis was made with the aim of determining the factors that are effective on the tendencies of firm owners to utilize food safety and quality management systems in their olive oil enterprises. At the end of the analysis, it was determined that knowledge status of production capacity, capacity usage ratios and food safety are effective in utilizing food safety and quality management systems in the facilities.
Effects of supplementing Aloe vera gel and garlic powder on blood biochemical parameters and immune response of broiler

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of supplementing different levels of Aloe vera gel and garlic powder on blood biochemical parameters and immune response of broiler. For this purpose, one hundred and sixty, one-day-old, Ross chicks were used, in completely randomized design, in four treatments and each with four replicates. The treatment groups consisted of: control group fed only with non-supplemented basal diet, group 2 supplemented with 3% aloe vera in drinking water, group 3 supplemented with 3% garlic powder in diet and group 4 supplemented with 1.5% aloe vera in drinking water + 1.5% garlic powder in diet, which were reared for 42 days. The result of this experiment showed no significant difference in heterophil to lymphocyte ratio at 42 days of age between control and treated groups. The other results of this investigation showed that broilers receiving Aloe vera gel and garlic powder had lower blood glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and Triglycerides concentrations compared to control group. However, higher total protein concentrations were observed with supplementation of Aloe vera gel and garlic powder than control group. Although, there was no significant difference between the control and treated groups in antibody titres against Newcastle and Influenza, the highest amount of anti body titres for Newcastle and Influenza were observed in group - 4 on 18 and 28 days. Key words: Aloe vera , garlic powder, blood parameters, immune parameters , broiler.
The Response to Incentives and Contractual Efficiency: Evidence from a Field Experiment

We use data from a field experiment to estimate worker reaction to incentives and the optimality of piece-rate contracts. Our estimate of the elasticity of output with respect to piece rates is 0.39. Regression methods cannot predict performance under hypothetical contracts. Therefore, we apply structural econometric methods (without imposing profit maximization) to evaluate observed-contract optimality. Using profit as a metric, we estimate the distance between observed and profit-maximizing contracts to be negligible. This suggests that observed contracts closely approximate optimal contracts under asymmetric information about worker ability. Under complete information, the firm could increase expected profits by 14 percent keeping workers indifferent to the observed piece-rate contract. Profits could increase between 44 and 49 percent if the firm exploited information about ability to reduce worker utility to the outside alternative.
Millimeter Mapping at z ∼ 1: Dust-obscured Bulge Building and Disk Growth

A randomly chosen star in today’s universe is most likely to live in a galaxy with stellar mass between the Milky Way and Andromeda. It remains uncertain, however, how the structural evolution of these bulge-disk systems proceeded. Most of the unobscured star formation we observe by building Andromeda progenitor s at 0.7 < z < 1.5 occurs in disks, but ≳90% of their star formation is reprocessed by dust and remains unaccounted for. Here we map rest-500 μm dust continuum emission in an Andromeda progenitor at z = 1.25 to probe where it is growing through dust-obscured star formation. Combining resolved dust measurements from the NOthern Extended Millimeter Array interferometer with Hubble Space Telescope Hα maps and multicolor imaging (including new data from the Hubble Deep UV Legacy Survey, HDUV), we find a bulge growing by dust-obscured star formation: while the unobscured star formation is centrally suppressed, the dust continuum is centrally concentrated, filling the ring-like structure that is evident in the Hα and UV emission. Reflecting this, the dust emission is more compact than the optical/UV tracers of star formation with re(dust) = 3.4 kpc, re(Hα)/re(dust) = 1.4, and re(UV)/re(dust) = 1.8. Crucially, however, the bulge and disk of this galaxy are building simultaneously; although the dust emission is more compact than the rest-optical emission (re(optical)/re(dust) = 1.4), it is somewhat less compact than the stellar mass (re(M*)/re(dust) = 0.9). Taking the rest-500 μm emission as a tracer, the expected structural evolution can be accounted for by star formation: it will grow in size by Δre/ΔM* ∼ 0.3 and in central surface density by ΔΣcen/ΔM* ∼ 0.9. Finally, our observations are consistent with a picture in which merging and disk instabilities drive gas to the center of galaxies, boosting global star formation rates above the main sequence and building bulges.
Affective Meaning of Pronouns in a Russian Sample

The present study examines affective meaning of pronouns (in Russian) represented by the semantic differential. Of direct relevance to the present study is the theory of affective meaning propounded by Osgood. Two hypotheses were tested. According to a “magnitude” hypothesis, affective dimensions (each of evaluation, potency, and activity taken separately) differ in their magnitude across pronouns I, My, Me, and They. A “structural” hypothesis stated that the affective dimensions yield latent factors across (the generality) and within (the concept-scale interaction) the pronoun concepts. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (1-way ANOVA) and confirmatory factor analysis were employed to process data. It was found that each of the evaluation and potency measures yield a significant magnitude change across the pronouns, but there was indicated no significant change across the pronouns with respect to the activity dimension. Therewith, the pronoun My gained a salient value and the pronoun They the smallest value. Using confirmatory factor analysis five models were tested. Among them one model was good fit to the data. It engaged a four-factor solution resulted in that four pronouns are latent affective distinct but related factors and the evaluation, potency, and activity are their indicators.
Constraints on Alpine Fault (New Zealand) mylonitization temperatures and the geothermal gradient from Ti-in-quartz thermobarometry

Abstract. We constrain the thermal state of the central Alpine Fault using approximately 750 Ti-in-quartz secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) analyses from a suite of variably deformed mylonites. Ti-in-quartz concentrations span more than 1 order of magnitude from 0.24 to ∼ 5 ppm, suggesting recrystallization of quartz over a 300 °C range in temperature. Most Ti-in-quartz concentrations in mylonites, protomylonites, and the Alpine Schist protolith are between 2 and 4 ppm and do not vary as a function of grain size or bulk rock composition. Analyses of 30 large, inferred-remnant quartz grains ( > 250 µm) as well as late, crosscutting, chlorite-bearing quartz veins also reveal restricted Ti concentrations of 2–4 ppm. These results indicate that the vast majority of Alpine Fault mylonitization occurred within a restricted zone of pressure–temperature conditions where 2–4 ppm Ti-in-quartz concentrations are stable. This constrains the deep geothermal gradient from the Moho to about 8 km to a slope of 5 °C km−1. In contrast, the small grains (10–40 µm) in ultramylonites have lower Ti concentrations of 1–2 ppm, indicating a deviation from the deeper pressure–temperature trajectory during the latest phase of ductile deformation. These constraints suggest an abrupt, order of magnitude change in the geothermal gradient to an average of about 60 °C km−1 at depths shallower than about 8 km, i.e., within the seismogenic zone. Anomalously, the lowest-Ti quartz (0.24–0.7 ppm) occurs away from the fault in protomylonites, suggesting that the outer fault zone experienced minor plastic deformation late in the exhumation history when more fault-proximal parts of the fault were deforming exclusively by brittle processes.
The transformation of post-socialist capitalism – from developmental state to clan state?

Various characterisations exist of the model of post-social capitalism exist. While most typologies underscore the prominent role of the state in post-socialist capitalism compared to Western economies, the literature is less clear about what exactly this role consists of. For the case of East Central Europe, some authors underscore the weakness of the state and its ‘capture’ by business interests, while others attribute to the state a benign role in successful industrial restructuring. We show that both views are of limited use to understand the phase of ‘backsliding’ that these economies are currently experiencing. We draw on anthropological models of post-socialist states that focus on elite dynamics within the state and show that this focus allows us to interpret backsliding in Hungary as a reversal of the developmental state into a clan-state.
Karyological differentiation between two closely related mustelids, the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi and the Siberian weasel M. sibirica

Abstract Chromosomes of the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi endemic to Japanese main islands except Hokkaido were examined by conventional, G-, and C-stainings,and compared with those of the Siberian weasel M. sibirica which is widespread ineastern Asia and Siberia. The two species shared the same diploid chromosome number (2n=38). However, their fundamental numbers and G- and C-banding patterns were largely differentiated from each other. Judging from the karyological features as well as mitochondrial DNA data and morphological characters previously reported, M itatsi should be regarde as an independent species from M. sibirica, in agreement with the first description
Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere subtropical oceans

Ocean storm tracks have previously been associated with the midlatitude western boundary currents (WBCs) and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Here we identify and examine large-scale baroclinically unstable waves occurring within waveguides associated with potential density gradients in the subtropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) oceans where the trade winds and westerlies meet and at depths associated with mode water formation. In contrast to the Northern Hemisphere subtropics, the SH pathways are more extensive allowing large-scale coherent disturbances to communicate information westward from the midlatitudes to the subtropics (South Pacific Ocean) and from the subtropics to the tropics (Indian Ocean). Particular consideration is given to the subtropical South Pacific Ocean as this is a region where resonant interactions between large-scale Rossby waves and significant topographic features have been reported to occur. Using an ocean general circulation model and a simple potential energy transfer diagnostic, we identify the relevant nonlinearly modified structures comparing their propagation characteristics to planetary Rossby waves calculated using a shallow water model. Although at first appearance baroclinic disturbances resemble planetary Rossby waves, we show they are inherently nonlinear, multiscale and are amplified where topography occurs. The location of the disturbances coincides with regions of high variability in sea surface height observed in satellite altimetry and their speeds closely match the large-scale coherent westward propagating structures described in the observational literature. Our study provides evidence that, in addition to the midlatitude WBCs and the ACC, significant ocean storm tracks are also manifest in the SH subtropics.
Impact of Gender and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Culture

An experiment was conducted to study the impact of leader's feminine traits and transformational leadership on organizational culture, using a sample of 109 MBA students from a leading management institute in India. A 2x2 design with four leadership scenarios—transformational feminine leader, transformational masculine leader, feminine leader, and absence of a leader—was used, and 54 characteristics of organizational culture were measured. Results of (non-parametric) Kruskal Wallis and Median tests show that feminine leadership enhances people-orientation, collaboration, and team-orientation and reduces aggressiveness, competitiveness, and results- orientation. Transformational leadership enhances competitiveness, achievement-orientation, performance expectations, results-orientation, innovation, and using opportunities, and reduces stability, predictability, and security of employment. Results also show that transformational leadership and femininity together enhance achievement-orientation and reduce stability. Studies have shown that leadership has an impact on the culture of an organization. The management style and beliefs of the leader influence the culture of the organization (Schein, 1984, 1990). Various authors have studied the differences between men and women leaders but not much work has been done on the impact of the traits of a leader on the culture of an organization. This experimental study looked at culture as a function of gender traits and transformational leadership. We examined the kind of culture that leaders with high feminine and transformational traits create. The transformational leaders have been perceived to be feminine. Therefore, it makes an interesting case to study the effect of femininity and transformational leadership together on culture.
Influence of Reduced Tillage and Green Manures on Weed Emergence and Yield in Organic Farming (TILMAN-ORG SESSION)

If farmers want to use reduced tillage in organic agriculture, they often face great challenges in weed control. One goal of the European research project TILMAN ORG (www.tilman-org.net) was to develop a more efficient weed management and increased biodiversity through improved use of green manures in different systems of reduced tillage. In a repeated one year trial on the research farm of University of Kassel the effects of different green manure species and different tillage systems on weed cover, density and biomass as well as yield of a subsequent main crop were examined. Sinapis alba, Trifolium resupinatum and Vicia sativa were tested as green manure species. Bare fallow served as control. After the green manures the main crop oat was sown in four different tillage systems: (1) plough, (2) chisel (2011/12) or disc harrow (2012/13), (3) mulching + drilling and (4) direct drilling. In 2011/12, weed cover was generally low in the plough system compared to the other tillage systems. In the mulching + drillingand direct drillingsystems V. sativa was able to suppress weeds considerably more efficiently than the other green manure treatments. The oat plots after the green manure species S. alba and T. resupinatum as well as the bare fallow had to be given up because weed pressure was too high. Instead, the oat yield in the mulching + drillingand direct drilling treatments after green manure species V. sativa resulted in oat yields similar to the plough treatments. In the chisel system, oat yield in the V. sativa treatment was significantly higher than in the other green manure treatments. 2012/13 all mulching + drillingand direct drillingplots had to be given up because of too high weed pressure. In the disc harrow– system weed pressure differed not significantly from the plough system, but only green manure species V. sativa resulted in comparable oat yields.
Electron-phonon coupling in the self-consistent Born approximation of the t-J model

We study an undoped t-J model with electron-phonon interaction using the self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA). By neglecting vertex corrections, the SCBA solves a boson-holon model, where a holon couples to phonons and magnons. Comparison with exact diagonalization results for the t-J model suggests that the SCBA describes the electron-phonon interaction fairly accurately over a substantial range of J/t values. Exact diagonalization of the boson-holon model shows that the deviations are mainly due to the neglect of vertex corrections for small J/t and due to the replacement of the t-J model by the boson-holon model for large J/t. For typical values of J/t, the electron-phonon part Sigma_ep of the electron self-energy has comparable contributions from the second order diagram in the electron-phonon interaction and a phonon induced change of magnon diagrams. A very simple approximation to Sigma_ep gives a rather accurate effective mass. Using this approximation, we study the factors influencing the electron-phonon interaction. Typically, we find that the magnons nominally have a stronger coupling to the holon than the phonons. The phonons, nevertheless, drive the formation of small polarons (self-localization) due to important differences between the character of the phonon and magnon couplings.
Diversity of Heterotrophic Bacteria Isolated from Water in the Paddy Rice Fields of Southern Brazilian

This study evaluated the effects of physic-chemical variables on the diversity of bacterial communities present in the water utilized to irrigate rice field and in the water drained back into the water source. The samples were collected between the months of October and April of the year 2009/2010 in three rice producing areas in the district of Caraa, Campo Bom and Esteio, all located in the Basin of the Rio dos Sinos. The data was analysed utilizing Multivariate Analyses (CCA and DCA), Jaccard Distance and Variance Analyses. The abundance of the bacterial colonies was greater in the irrigation water than in that within the rice field or in the drainage. (F1, 9 = 7.21 p < 0.05); 48.6% were found in the irrigation channel, 25.7% in the water within the field and 25.7% in the water returned to the river (drainage). Colonies of 21 species were registered and of these: 16 were in the irrigation channels; 14 in the water in the rice field and 18 in the drainage water. The estimated diversity was superior in the irrigation channels (H=2.68) when compared with the values obtained in the drainage water (H=2.25). The results demonstrated that the samples from the irrigation water and the drainage water differ in the composition of the species in all the locations analysed. The two initial axes generated by Detrended Correspondence Analysis explain 56% of the observed variation between the locations. The most important variables for the ordination and correlation with the axis were the pH and Nitrogen. The results show that rice bacteria communities contain several species but few are abundant, such as species of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas. The reduction in colony abundance on the drainage water shows the ability of the rice field to filter some bacterial species.
Lakes in a New Light: Indirect Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation

Abstract Stratospheric ozone concentrations are not expected to recover to pre-ozone hole levels until the mid-21st century and, even after ozone recovery, climate and other anthropogenic changes will continue to alter ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure regimes in aquatic ecosystems. Although our understanding of the ecology of UV continues to move towards a new paradigm that emphasises complex interactive and indirect effects of UV on communities of organisms, rather than simple direct negative effects on individuals, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the impacts of sustained or changing UV stress on aquatic ecosystems. In this synthesis we examine the importance of indirect UV effects for some key ecosystem level characteristics and processes in lakes. We draw particular attention to the implications of UV for disease dynamics, contaminant toxicity, biodiversity, and carbon cycling in lakes. Although UV has strong lethal mutagenic and chronic physiological effects on organisms, we suggest that indirect effect pathways, including UV effects on animal behaviour, food quality, and trophic interactions are likely to be important in lake ecosystem dynamics.
Going to market! An exploration of markets in social care

One of the most striking reconfigurations of Irish social care has been the entry of private for-profit companies into a sector previously regarded as outside the market. This article examines the policy context that has given rise to these developments and the impact of marketisation on both the quality of care provision and the employment conditions of the workforce. Whether for-profit provision of care is a positive development is the subject of intense debate, and the arguments for and against are outlined alongside a range of empirical evidence. International research evidence is not convincing about the capacity of markets to deliver on quality or efficiencies. The article concludes with recommendations for further research to enable analysis and debate in the Irish context.
Study of exothermic welded joint grinding by "Speno" rail grinders

Exothermic welding joint is one of most common welded joints used in Europe. Latvian railway also uses exothermic welding for its rails in crossing pieces, station and railroad haul sections. Rail grinders are used to extend lifespan and maintain the tread surface of the rail’s head and to remove and eliminate defects in the surface layer and to reduce corrugated rail wear. Rail grinders supplied by the company “Speno” are used in Latvian railways. This article will discuss the quality of grinding of exothermic welding joint of rail profile 60 E1 by “Speno” rail grinder. The research also includes analysis of ground rails in the Latvian railway during 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. First, detailed hardness of metal has been determined: on the tread surface, head, web and base, according to the Brinell scale by using the modern equipment “Tinius O Olsen” Fikrmware Version 1.07, FH-31 Series. Second, the chemical composition of an exothermic welding joint of rail steel (in head, web, base) has been examined with the optical emission spectrometer “ARC-MET 8000 Mobile Lab”. The obtained data have been compared to standard technical documentation provided by the manufacturer. And third, in the final stage of the study, the structure of the exothermic welding joint of rail steel was determined and the main conclusions drawn concerning the quality of grinding and its impact on exothermic welding joints of rail profile 60 E1.