Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fungal infection and soybean competition induce plastic responses in velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) growth and reproductive output

Abstract The historic maternal environment; the identity of competing, neighboring plants; and biotic stresses, such as fungal disease and herbivory, interact to influence the competitive ability, reproductive output, and plasticity of weed populations. A weed capable of altering its phenotype in response to environmental factors is better able to compete for resources in agroecosystems, thereby reducing crop yields and contributing more seeds to the seed bank. Velvetleaf is a highly competitive annual weed in many North American cropping systems, exhibiting a high degree of phenotypic plasticity in response to biotic and abiotic factors. We examined the effects of seed size (small and large), competitive environment (with and without soybean), and stress level (none = no treatment, moderate = pathogen inoculation, high = pathogen plus herbicide) on velvetleaf allometry and reproductive output during three field seasons. Only under the high-stress treatment was velvetleaf biomass, height, and reproductive output compromised (> 15% each), and these traits were further reduced with soybean competition. Soybean competition alone reduced velvetleaf biomass (> 50%), height (25%), and seed output (50%), but effects of competition varied with stress level. Velvetleaf plants that originated from large seeds (≥ 10 mg) generally outperformed plants originating from small seeds (< 10 mg) except under the high-stress treatment. These findings suggest that velvetleaf life-history traits and reproductive output in the current generation are a function of both present and historic factors. Management strategies for this species should involve tactics that not only reduce its competitive ability (e.g., biomass, height) but also decrease its seed production via synergistic stressors such as increased crop competitiveness, reduced-rate herbicide applications, and pathogen infection. Nomenclature: Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medic. ABUTH; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Bayfield’.
Insights into the Under-Representation of Women in Sports-Leadership in Kenya

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that lead to wo men underrepresentation in sport leadership in Kenya. The factors which were investigated included cultural, political, social and economic factors and how they interact with gender, age and positional status of the respondents to mediate wo men underrepresentation in sports leadership. Data was co llected through questionnaires fro m broad spectrum o f stakeholders in sport (national team players, coaches, sport science students, gamestutors and officials of sport federations, government, Kenya National sports council (KNSC), and National Oly mpic co mmittee of Kenya (NOC-K). The resulting data was analyzed through t-test and one way ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that 60% and 40% of respondents were males and females respectively. The categorical variables of gender, age and positional status had variant relationships with the factors that cause women underrepresentation in sport. The mitigating factors waned fro m economic, social, polit ical and cultural factor. Reco mmendations from the study have practical and policy implications to the Ministry of sport, sport federations, and educational institutions. Further research on the psychological factors that imp inge on wo men in sports leadership will be a worth while venture.
Title Effects of Diet and Temperature Stressors on Fluctuating Asymmetry of Wing Traits , Mortality and Dry Mass in a Lepidopteran ( Vanessa cardui Linnaeus ) Permalink

Numerous investigators have hypothesized that fluctuating asymmetry may be a useful predictor of population canalization, especially for organisms at risk from environmental change. However, identification of traits that meet statistical criteria as measures of functional asymmetry remains a challenge. This study was undertaken to specifically address this problem in the context of an experiment performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Poor quality diet and elevated temperature were used as stressors on adult wing phenotype of Vanessa cardui, a cosmopolitan butterfly. Variation in larval diet stress was introduced by manipulating the macronutrient ratio of protein to carbohydrate. Thermal stress was varied by housing larvae/pupae in growth chambers maintained at optimal (25°C) or elevated (32°C) temperatures. Individuals subjected to stressful conditions (especially a low protein diet and high temperature throughout development) were predicted to show elevated fluctuating asymmetry of three wing traits. While fluctuating asymmetry proved measureable for all three traits, it did not vary among treatment levels. Instead, the combined percentage of individuals that died prior to completing eclosion and of those that showed significant malformation of wing characters (together, “inviability”) increased in the treatment levels that were predicted to increase fluctuating asymmetry. In addition, treatment differences in adult dry mass were observed that reflected predicted stress levels. These results suggest that potentially measureable variation in fluctuating asymmetry was underrepresented in the study population because a substantial proportion of individuals predicted to display increased fluctuating asymmetry either died or were developmentally aberrant. This experiment illustrates
Effects of Catch-and-Release Angling on Salmonids at Elevated Water Temperatures

Abstract Few studies have assessed catch-and-release mortality of salmonids at water temperatures of 23°C or above, despite predictions of warming stream temperatures due to climate change. The primary objective of this study was to measure the catch-and-release mortality of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout Salmo trutta, and mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni in three water temperature treatments, namely, when daily maximum water temperatures were cool (<20°C), warm (20–22.9°C), and hot (≥23°C). A secondary objective was to assess the catch-and-release mortality of salmonids angled in morning and evening within the water temperature treatments. These objectives were related to Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks' drought fishing closure policy. Angling (fly-fishing only) occurred in the Gallatin and Smith rivers. All angled fish were confined to in-stream holding cages and monitored for mortality for 72 h. Mortality of rainbow trout peaked at 16% in the Gallatin River and 9% in the Smith .
GENOTYPING WITH RAPD MARKERS RESOLVES PATHOTYPE DIVERSITY IN THE ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT AND FUSARIUM WILT PATHOGENS OF CHICKPEA IN PAKISTAN

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume in Pakistan and constitutes about 70% of the pulse crops. Unfortunately, this crop is badly affected by two diseases i.e., chickpea blight and wilt caused by the fungi Ascochyta rabiei and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (FOC), respectively. Pathogenicity of A. rabiei and FOC isolates collected from different areas was conducted on a set of chickpea differentials sets. Isolates of the two pathogens showing different levels of virulence were selected for their DNA fingerprinting. RAPD analysis of 12 isolates of A. rabiei and 5 of FOC was performed using sixteen different 10-mer oligonucleotide primers. The dendrograms of A. rabiei and FOC produced from this data showed different levels of genetic relatedness and differences between isolates which were superimposed by their pathotyping data. A set of 7 genetically different and highly aggressive isolates of A. rabiei from different areas was selected for thorough screening of chickpea germplasm against blight for attaining durable resistance. Similarly, the dendrogram of FOC showed that all the five isolates were very different and those from Thal area were more aggressive.
Modal and non-modal stability of particle-laden channel flow

Modal and non-modal linear stability analysis of channel flow with a dilute particle suspension is presented where particles are assumed to be solid, spherical, and heavy. The two-way coupling between particle and fluid flow is therefore modeled by the Stokes drag only. The results are presented as function of the particle relaxation time and mass fraction. First, we consider exponentially growing perturbations and extend previous findings showing the potential for a significant increase of the critical Reynolds number. The largest stabilization is observed when the ratio between the particle relaxation time and the oscillation period of the wave is of order one. By examining the energy budget, we show that this stabilization is due to the increase of the dissipation caused by the Stokes drag. The observed stabilization has led to the hypothesis that dusty flows can be more stable. However, transition to turbulence is most often subcritical in canonical shear flows where non-modal growth mechanisms are responsible for the initial growth of external disturbances. The non-modal analysis of the particle-laden flow, presented here for the first time, reveals that the transient energy growth is, surprisingly, increased by the presence of particles, in proportion to the particle mass fraction. The generation of streamwise streaks via the lift-up mechanism is still the dominant disturbance-growth mechanism in the particle laden flow; the length scales of the most dangerous disturbances are unaffected, while the initial disturbance growth can be delayed. These results are explained in terms of a dimensionless parameter relating the particle relaxation time to the time scale of the instability. The presence of a dilute solid phase therefore may not always work as a flow-control strategy for maintaining the flow as laminar. Despite the stabilizing effect on modal instabilities, non-modal mechanisms are still strong in internal flows seeded with heavy particles. Our results indicate that the initial stages of transition in dilute suspensions of small particles are similar to the stages in a single phase flow.
Goat management systems in Bulathkohupitiya veterinary range.

The main objective of the present study was to identify the prospects and constraints to improve the economic productivity of goat herds in Bulathkohupitiya veterinary range. A survey was conducted using 82 farmers from two different management systems, namely intensive and extensive management systems. Data on religion of farmers, education level of farmers, herd size, herd composition, birth weight, slaughter weight, slaughter age, breeds, feeding, and cost and returns of raising goats were collected over a period of 3 months. Data were analyzed using the statistical software SAS ® . The results of the survey indicated that almost all farmers in the area considered goat farming as a part time business. Women played a major role in goat farming in the area, including feeding and management of goats. Goat farming is a traditional activity in Hindu and Muslim communities, where 92.8% of Hindus contributed to mutton industry. Between the two management systems, the average herd size of extensive management systems (13.1 AU/farm) was significantly greater (p Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 26 (3): 441 – 447 (2015)
ALMA Memo No. 346 Spatial Distribution of Near-Surface Soil Resistivity in the Cerro Chascon Science Preserve

We examined near-surface soil resistivity of twenty-one locations in the Cerro Chascon science preserve area in the Wenner method with a fixed electrode spacing of 2 m. There were systematic differences in soil resistivity near the surface (down to a few meters): The values in the Pampa La Bola area were around 1000 Ω m, whereas those in the Llano de Chajnantor area were much higher and > 4400 Ω m in most locations topographically suitable for antenna pads. Special treatment may be needed for each pad to meet the Chilean regulation for grounding. A factor ∼ 1.3 difference expected from the 1.8 ◦ C temperature difference between the Llano de Chajnantor and Pampa La Bola areas is not enough to explain all of the measured difference. The trend that ridges systematically had higher values than their adjacent valleys supports the idea that the difference primarily reflects probable difference of water content due to local topography and drainage.
Specifics in numerical modeling of flow past a square-cylinder

Specifics in numerical modeling of flow past a square-cylinder: In paper are discussed issues related numerical modeling of the flow over immersed bodies. Special attention is paid to the choice of appropriate turbulent model for the modeling of fluid flow. Different turbulent models have been tested during the numerical solution procedure as the results have been compared with experimental data. Several conclusions were made based on the obtained by the numerical solution results.
MEASURES OF WORKING MEMORY CAPACITY AND L2 ORAL FLUENCY

A considerable amount of research is now available which addresses the nature of nonnative oral fluency. The research carried out over the past two decades has shown with some consistency that (1)nonnative speech production tends to reproduce first language (L1) speech organization, with a greater number of pauses, greater pause time, increased hesitation phenomena, and decreased speech rate (Deschamps, 1980; Raupach, 1980 cited in Olynyk, Sankoff, and d’Aglejan, 1983, p. 232), (2)nonnative oral fluency is sensitive to context (Riggenbach, 1991) and task structure (Ejzenberg, 1992), (3)nonnative fluent speakers share a great number of fluency features whereas nonnative nonfluent speakers will be nonfluent in idiosyncratic ways. (Riggenbach, 1989; Olynyk, D’Anglejan, & Sakoff, 1990; Ejzenberg, 1992; Freed, 1995), and (4)frequency of hesitation phenomena is related to the production of new utterances and to the level of cognitive difficulty of the task whereas an increase in speech rate is observed when the speaker is being repetitive (Goldman-Eisler, 1968).
Evaluation of the Relation between Lymph Node Status and Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Status in Breast Cancer Patients in Ahvaz Hospitals

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iranian women. Estrogen and progesterone receptors have been described as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Axillary lymph node status is also one of the most powerful prognostic factors for patients with breast cancer. The relationship between Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and axillary lymph node is still controversial. This study aims to investigate the relationship of ER and PR with axillary lymph node among women with breast cancer. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry assessments in 200 breast cancer patients. Statistical comparison was performed between ER and PR and nodal status. Of the 200 carcinoma tissue samples (mean age. 51.34 years), 133 cases (66.5%) were positive for estrogen receptor, of them 94 cases (70.7%) were positive for axillary nodal involvement. Sixty seven cases (33.5%) were negative for ER, of them 41 cases (61.2%) were positive for axillary nodal involvement. One hundred-eighteen cases (59%) were positive for progesterone receptor, of them 82 cases (69.5%) were positive for axillary nodal involvement. Eighty two cases (41%) were negative for PR, of them 53 cases (64.6%) were positive for axillary nodal involvement. There is no significant relationship between ER and axillary nodal involvement (P=0.397). In addition, there is no significant relationship between PR and axillary lymph node involvement (P: 0.825). There is no relationship between ER and PR status and axillary nodal involvement.
East African HIV care: depression and HIV outcomes

Importance. Depression is a common co-morbidity for people living with HIV (PLWH) and is associated with elevated plasma HIV RNA levels. While depression correlates with deficits in antiretroviral (ARV) adherence, little data exist to inform the relationship between depression and HIV vial load more broadly. Objective. To examine the relationship between depression and viral load in the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) independently of ARV adherence. Design. PLWH in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania underwent screening for depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) upon enrollment at AFRICOS HIV care sites. Setting. AFRICOS is an ongoing prospective longitudinal cohort study enrolling HIV-infected adults at HIV care centers including sites in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. These sites are administered by President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief programs. Participants. HIV+ individuals were eligible if they were at least 18 years old, receiving HIV care at the enrolling clinic and consented to data and specimen collection. Main outcome measure. CESD. Results. Among 2307 participants, 18–25% met the CESD threshold for depression. Depression was associated with decreased ARV adherence (OR 0.59, p = 0.01). Higher scores on three CESD items were significantly associated with 209–282% higher viral load, independently of ARV adherence among participants on ARVs ⩾6 months. Conclusions. PLWH had high prevalence of depression on the CESD. Diverse depression symptoms were independently associated with increases in viral load, underscoring the need for comprehensive treatment of depression.
A new survey of cool supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds

In this study, we conduct a pilot program aimed at the red supergiant population of the Magellanic Clouds. We intend to extend the current known sample to the unexplored low end of the brightness distribution of these stars, building a more representative dataset with which to extrapolate their behaviour to other Galactic and extra-galactic environments. We select candidates using only near infrared photometry, and with medium resolution multi-object spectroscopy, we perform spectral classification and derive their line-of-sight velocities, confirming the nature of the candidates and their membership to the clouds. Around two hundred new RSGs have been detected, hinting at a yet to be observed large population. Using near and mid infrared photometry we study the brightness distribution of these stars, the onset of mass-loss and the effect of dust in their atmospheres. Based on this sample, new a priori classification criteria are investigated, combining mid and near infrared photometry to improve the observational efficiency of similar programs as this.
Optical super-resolution by high-index liquid-immersed microspheres

It is experimentally shown that barium titanate glass microspheres with diameters (D) in the range 2–220 μm and with high refractive index (n ∼ 1.9–2.1) can be used for super-resolution imaging of liquid-immersed nanostructures. Using micron-scale microspheres, we demonstrate an ability to discern the shape of a pattern with a minimum feature size of ∼λ/7, where λ is the illumination wavelength. For spheres with D > 50 μm, the discernible feature sizes were found to increase to ∼λ/4. Detailed data on the resolution, magnification, and field-of-view are presented. This imaging technique can be used in biomedical microscopy, microfluidics, and nanophotonics applications.
Gender-based Differences in Associations between Attitude and Self-esteem with Smoking Behavior among Adolescents: A Secondary Analysis Applying Bayesian Nonparametric Functional Latent Variable Model

Background: Different patterns of gender-based relationships between attitude toward smoking and self-esteem with smoking behavior have reported. However, such associations may be much more complex than a simply supposed linear relationship. We aimed to propose a method of providing hand details on the total and gender-based scenarios of the relationships between attitude toward smoking and self-esteem with smoking. Materials and Methods: A secondary analysis conducted on a data set obtained for a cross-sectional study among 4,905 male and female high school students in Tabriz, Iran (2012). We randomly selected 196 classes in a clustering process and invited all the students in the classes to participate in the study; then, investigated the relationship between smoking with attitude and self-esteem, as explanatory variables. We also found the data to fit a nonlinear functional relationship and to be free from normal condition due to applying Bayesian nonparametric functional latent variable model. Results: Among all the students, attitude was found as the only variable with conceptual effect on smoking (p<0.05). Among boys, self-esteem showed no conceptual effect on smoking which was in contrast to those found among girls. Smoking among male students with low self-esteem was high, but it was gradually decreasing by rising self-esteem. Among girls, in contrast, smoking was descending by decreasing self-esteem. Conclusion: The relationships between self-esteem and attitude with smoking may not be necessarily linear. Being at the high levels of self-esteem among boys may lead to the reduced levels of smoking, and among girls may result in the increased level of the behavior.
Paleoenvironmental imprint on communities

Paleoenvironmental imprint on subseafloor microbial communities in Western Mediterranean Sea Quaternary sediments M. -C. Ciobanu, M. Rabineau, L. Droz, S. Révillon, J.-F. Ghiglione, B. Dennielou, S. -J. Jorry, J. Kallmeyer, J. Etoubleau, P. Pignet, P. Crassous, O. Vandenabeele-Trambouze, J. Laugier, M. Guégan, A. Godfroy, and K. Alain Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO, UEB), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) – UMR 6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LMEE), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France CNRS, IUEM – UMR 6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LMEE), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France Ifremer, UMR 6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LMEE), Technopôle Pointe du diable, 29280 Plouzané, France
Consumer Perceived Ethicality: An Impression Formation Perspective

This research investigates the process of how consumers form ethical perceptions of companies or brands by means of twenty in-depth interviews with general consumers. The study offers illustrative examples of evidence that the formation of consumer perceived ethicality (CPE) appears more in line with the configural model of impression formation, suggesting that perception formation is holistic and gestalt-like, rather than following the algebraic model, which takes a piecemeal information integration position. Given the explorative nature of the study, the paper concludes with developing research propositions for future – confirmative – testing.
The Effect of Ownership Structure on the Quality of Financial Reporting Of Manufacturing Companies Listed In the IDX during the Period of 2013-2015

The objectives of this study are to determine the difference in quality between the financial reporting that uses accrual earnings management and the financial reporting that uses real earnings management as the indicators and to determine the effect of ownership structure on the quality of financial reporting. The analytical method used in this study is Mann Whitney’s different test and multiple regression analysis using secondary data. The sample of this study is 52 manufacturing companies listed in the IDX during 2013-2015.The results show that there is a difference in quality of the financial reporting that uses accrual earnings management and real earnings management as the indicators. Institutional ownership improves the quality of the financial reporting, but managerial, family, and foreign ownership does not affect the quality of the financial reporting with accrual earnings management as the indicator. For the indicators of real earnings management, institutional and foreign ownership decreases the quality of the financial reporting, but managerial and family ownership does not affect the quality of the financial reporting. Thus, institutional ownership can increase and decrease the quality of the financial reporting, but foreign ownership can decrease the quality of the financial reporting.