Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aldosterone excretion in normal subjects depleted of sodium and potassium.

Aldosterone has recently been identified in adrenal cortical extracts (1) and in human urine (2, 3) as the principal steroid affecting electrolyte balance. The physiological mechanisms controlling the release of aldosterone are not completely understood (4). A number of different mechanisms and stimuli have been suggested (5-12) as important in the regulation of aldosterone secretion. In normal subjects on diets which were normal except for decreased sodium content, aldosterone output in the urine has been previously shown to be increased (3, 13); whereas sodium loading in subjects on otherwise normal diets results in decreased output of aldosterone (14). A rise in aldosterone output has been observed during potassium loading in man (14). In rats fed a low potassium diet, the aldosterone content of adrenal venous blood was decreased (8). Human aldosterone output after potassium withdrawal from the diet has not been previously studied. The present study was designed to determine: 1) whether low potassium intake has any effect on aldosterone output in man, 2) whether low potassium intake can prevent the increase in aldosterone output that regularly follows sodium depletion, and if so, 3) whether potassium replacement during continued sodium deprivation results in a rise in aldosterone output.
The Asylum-Integration Paradox: Comparing Asylum Support Systems and Refugee Integration in The Netherlands and the UK

This article explores the impact of asylum support systems on refugee integration focusing on the UK and the Netherlands. Both have adopted deterrent approaches to asylum support. The Dutch favour the use of asylum accommodation centres, segregating asylum seekers from the general population. The UK disperses asylum seekers to housing within deprived areas, embedding them within communities. Both countries have been criticized for these practices, which are viewed as potentially anti-integrative: something of a paradox given that both promote the importance of refugee integration. We analyse national refugee integration surveys in both countries and provide original empirical evidence of negative associations between asylum support systems and refugees’ health, which differ in relation to mental and physical health. The integration and asylum policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Elucidation of CYP2D6 Genetic Diversity in a Unique African Population: Implications for the Future Application of Pharmacogenetics in the Xhosa Population

Genetic variation of the CYP2D6 gene has been associated with altered drug metabolism; however, limited studies have investigated CYP2D6 sequence diversity in African populations. We devised a CYP2D6 genotyping strategy to analyse the South African Xhosa population and genotype a Xhosa schizophrenia cohort, as CYP2D6 metabolises many antipsychotics and antidepressants.
Normal respiratory and circulatory values in the cat.

Seventeen cats were studied under chloralose anesthesia. In 6 cats a polyethylene catheter was placed in the main pulmonary artery via the external jugular vein. In 11 other cats, a right thoracotomy was done under artificial ventilation, and small nylon catheters were inserted into the main pulmonary artery and the left atrium via the vessels of the right upper lobe, after which the chest was closed. While the animal breathed air through a closed circuit with a constant supply of oxygen, respiratory rate, tidal volume, and oxygen consumption were recorded on a smoked drum. Oxygen consumption averaged 111.4 ± 28.9 ml/min per m2. Femoral arterial and pulmonary arterial blood oxygen contents were measured by a modification of the Barcroft-Haldane method with Warburg manometers and averaged 14.18 ± 3.68 and 9.36 ± 1.39 vol %, respectively. The cardiac output was measured according to the Fick principle and averaged 2.10±. 70 liters/min per m2. Heart rate, femoral artery blood pressure, pulmonary artery blood pressure, left atrial pressure, end-expiratory pleural pressure, and femoral artery blood oxygen tension were also determined. No significant difference was noted between thoracotomized and intact cats. Cardiac output values, however, were significantly greater than those previously reported for this species. oxygen consumption; cardiac output Submitted on October 8, 1964
Zinc Deficiency Inhibits Chlorophyll Synthesis and Gas Exchange in `Stuart' Pecan

Leaves of 'Stuart' pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch) with var- ious levels of Zn deficiency were analyzed for physiological indicators of leaf vigor. Leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthesis were adversely affected by Zn deficiency. In leaves with severe Zn deficiency, each of these indicators increased 3- to 5-fold with a doubling of leaf Zn concentration , but stabilized as leaf Zn approached the sufficiency range (14 µg·g -1 ). High intercellular CO2 associated with low net photosynthesis indicates that stomatal aperture was not the cause of the reduction of net photosynthesis under Zn deficiency.
Integrated Case Management for Work-Related Upper-Extremity Disorders: Impact of Patient Satisfaction on Health and Work Status

Compare the effects of integrated case management and usual care on patient satisfaction in employees with work-related upper extremity disorder (WRUED), and consider the implications of higher levels of satisfaction.Describe those patient-related and work-related factors that predict the severity of upper limb symptoms and the degree of functional limitation 6 and 12 months after intervention.Enumerate the factors influencing the interval before return to work in employees with WRUED who are managed by traditional or integrated case management. An integrated case management (ICM) approach (ergonomic and problem-solving intervention) to work-related upper-extremity disorders was examined in relation to patient satisfaction, future symptom severity, function, and return to work (RTW). Federal workers with work-related upper-extremity disorder workers’ compensation claims (n = 205) were randomly assigned to usual care or ICM intervention. Patient satisfaction was assessed after the 4-month intervention period. Questionnaires on clinical outcomes and ergonomic exposure were administered at baseline and at 6- and 12-months postintervention. Time from intervention to RTW was obtained from an administrative database. ICM group assignment was significantly associated with greater patient satisfaction. Regression analyses found higher patient satisfaction levels predicted decreased symptom severity and functional limitations at 6 months and a shorter RTW. At 12 months, predictors of positive outcomes included male gender, lower distress, lower levels of reported ergonomic exposure, and receipt of ICM. Findings highlight the utility of targeting workplace ergonomic and problem solving skills.
THE CANNON: A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH TO STELLAR LABEL DETERMINATION

New spectroscopic surveys offer the promise of stellar parameters and abundances (“stellar labels”) for hundreds of thousands of stars; this poses a formidable spectral modeling challenge. In many cases, there is a subset of reference objects for which the stellar labels are known with high(er) fidelity. We take advantage of this with The Cannon, a new data-driven approach for determining stellar labels from spectroscopic data. The Cannon learns from the “known” labels of reference stars how the continuum-normalized spectra depend on these labels by fitting a flexible model at each wavelength; then, The Cannon uses this model to derive labels for the remaining survey stars. We illustrate The Cannon by training the model on only 542 stars in 19 clusters as reference objects, with T eff ? > , log g ? > , and [ Fe / H ] ? > as the labels, and then applying it to the spectra of 55,000 stars from APOGEE DR10. The Cannon is very accurate. Its stellar labels compare well to the stars for which APOGEE pipeline (ASPCAP) labels are provided in DR10, with rms differences that are basically identical to the stated ASPCAP uncertainties. Beyond the reference labels, The Cannon makes no use of stellar models nor any line-list, but needs a set of reference objects that span label-space. The Cannon performs well at lower signal-to-noise, as it delivers comparably good labels even at one-ninth the APOGEE observing time. We discuss the limitations of The Cannon and its future potential, particularly, to bring different spectroscopic surveys onto a consistent scale of stellar labels.
Genotyping Natural Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria alexandrina From Damietta, Egypt, with Comparisons to Natural Snail Infections From Kenya

Abstract The distribution of Schistosoma genotypes among individuals in snail populations provides insights regarding the dynamics of transmission and compatibility between schistosome and snail hosts. A survey of Biomphalaria alexandrina from Damietta (Nile Delta, Egypt), an area subjected to persistent schistosomiasis control efforts, provided only 17 snails infected with Schistosoma mansoni (6.1% overall prevalence), each shown by microsatellite analysis to have a single genotype infection. By contrast, recent studies of uncontrolled S. mansoni transmission foci in Kenya revealed that 4.3% Biomphalaria pfeifferi and 20–25% Biomphalaria sudanica snails had multiple genotype infections. Compared with the 3 Kenyan populations, the Egyptian population of S. mansoni also showed a lesser degree of genetic variability and was genetically differentiated from them. We suggest that tracking of genotype diversity in infected snails could be further developed to serve as an additional and valuable independent indicator of efficacy of schistosomiasis control in Egypt and elsewhere.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice.

UNLABELLED The function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in hepatic inflammation and injury is unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the role of PPARgamma in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Male mice were subjected to 90 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia followed by up to 8 hours of reperfusion. PPARgamma was found to be constitutively activated in hepatocytes but not in nonparenchymal cells. Upon induction of ischemia, hepatic PPARgamma activation rapidly decreased and remained suppressed throughout the 8-hour reperfusion period. This reduced activation was not a result of decreased protein availability as hepatic nuclear PPARgamma, retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRalpha), and PPARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimer expression was maintained. Accompanying the decrease in PPARgamma activation was a decrease in the expression of the natural ligand 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2). This was associated with reduced interaction of PPARgamma and the coactivator, p300. To determine whether PPARgamma activation is hepatoprotective during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, mice were treated with the PPARgamma agonists, rosiglitazone and connecting peptide. These treatments increased PPARgamma activation and reduced liver injury compared to untreated mice. Furthermore, PPARgamma-deficient mice had more liver injury after ischemia/reperfusion than their wild-type counterparts. CONCLUSION These data suggest that PPARgamma is an important endogenous regulator of, and potential therapeutic target for, ischemic liver injury.
Rice MADS3 Regulates ROS Homeostasis during Late Anther Development[W][OA]

The authors identified a role for the rice floral homeotic C-class protein, MADS3, in modulating reactive oxygen species levels through the regulation of the MT-1-4b gene during late anther development. Recombinant MT-1-4b protein had superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and reduction of MT-1-4b expression caused decreased pollen fertility. The rice (Oryza sativa) floral homeotic C-class gene, MADS3, was previously shown to be required for stamen identity determination during early flower development. Here, we describe a role for MADS3 in regulating late anther development and pollen formation. Consistent with this role, MADS3 is highly expressed in the tapetum and microspores during late anther development, and a newly identified MADS3 mutant allele, mads3-4, displays defective anther walls, aborted microspores, and complete male sterility. During late anther development, mads3-4 exhibits oxidative stress-related phenotypes. Microarray analysis revealed expression level changes in many genes in mads3-4 anthers. Some of these genes encode proteins involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis; among them is MT-1-4b, which encodes a type 1 small Cys-rich and metal binding protein. In vivo and in vitro assays showed that MADS3 is associated with the promoter of MT-1-4b, and recombinant MT-1-4b has superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Reducing the expression of MT-1-4b causes decreased pollen fertility and an increased level of superoxide anion in transgenic plants. Our findings suggest that MADS3 is a key transcriptional regulator that functions in rice male reproductive development, at least in part, by modulating ROS levels through MT-1-4b.
Impact of School Location on Academic Achievement of Science Students in Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination

The study examined the impact of school location `on academic achievement of Science Students in Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination. The purpose was to determine whether the geographical location has any impact on the achievement of the students in Biology, Chemistry and Physics. The design adopted for the study was an ex-post facto of survey type. The targeted population for the study was Senior Secondary III (SS III) Physics students of public secondary schools in Ekiti West Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) science students were used as samples for the study. The sample consisted of twenty (20) science students that were randomly selected from six (6) public secondary schools selected for the study. Computerized result sheets sent to each school by WAEC were collected on the 20102013 May/June West African Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination (WASSSCE) from all the selected schools for the study. The average of the scores of each candidates selected that formed the population of this study were computed in Biology Chemistry and Physics, these serves as the achievements in science. Three research hypotheses were formulated and analysed using t-Test statistical analysis at P< 0.05 level of significant. The findings showed that there was no statistical significant difference in the achievement mean scores of male and female students in the rural school areas and also there was no statistical significant difference in the achievement mean scores of male and female students in the rural school areas. The findings further revealed that there was statistical significant difference in the achievement mean scores of students in rural and urban school located areas. Conclusion and recommendations were also made in this paper.
Association of PPARγ allelic variation, osteoprotegerin and abdominal aortic aneurysm

Objective We have previously demonstrated high concentrations of the glycoprotein osteoprotegerin (OPG) in biopsies of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and demonstrated that ligation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) downregulates OPG in vitro and within a mouse model. The aims of this study were to assess the associations between circulating concentrations of OPG, polymorphisms of the gene encoding PPARγ (PPARG), AAA presence and growth.
No association between prostate apoptosis response 4 gene (PAWR) in schizophrenia and mood disorders in a japanese population

Altered dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is hypothesized to be a susceptibility factor for major psychosis. Recent studies showed that a new intracellular protein, prostate apoptosis response 4 (Par‐4), plays a critical role in D2R signaling. We conducted a genetic association analysis between Par‐4 gene (PAWR) and schizophrenia and mood disorders in a Japanese population (schizophrenia: 556 cases, bipolar disorder (BP): 150 cases, major depressive disorder (MDD): 312 cases and 466 controls). Applying the recommended ‘gene‐based’ association analysis, we selected five tagging SNPs in PAWR from the HapMap database. No significant association was obtained found with schizophrenia or MDD or BP. We found a significant association of one tagging SNP with BP in a genotype‐wise analysis (P = 0.0396); however, this might be resulted from type I error due to multiple testing (P = 0.158 after SNPSpD correction). Considering the size of our sample and strategy, our results suggest that the PAWR does not play a major role in schizophrenia or mood disorders in the Japanese population. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three-dimensional model of the ligand binding domain of the nuclear receptor for 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D(3).

A three-dimensional model for residues 142-427 of the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the human nuclear receptor for 1alpha, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D(3) [VDR] has been generated based on the X-ray crystallographic atomic coordinates of the LBD of the rat alpha1 thyroid receptor (TR). The VDR LBD model is an elongated globular shape comprised of an antiparallel alpha-helical triple sandwich topology, made up of 12 alpha-helical elements linked by short loop structures; collectively these structural features are similar to the characteristic secondary and tertiary structures for six nuclear receptors with known X-ray structures. The model has been used to describe the interaction of the conformationally flexible natural hormone, 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D(3) [1alpha, 25(OH)(2)D(3)], and a number of related analogs with the VDR LBD. The optimal orientation of the 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) in the LBD is with its A-ring directed towards the interior and its flexible side chain pointing towards and interacting with helix-12, site of the activation function-2 domain (AF-2) of the VDR. Mapping of four natural and one experimental point mutations of the VDR LBD, which result in ligand-related receptor dysfunction, indicates the close proximity of these amino acids to the bound ligand.
Hawking radiation as perceived by different observers

We use a method recently introduced in Barceló et al (2011 Phys. Rev. D 83 41501), to analyse Hawking radiation in a Schwarzschild black hole as perceived by different observers in the system. The method is based on the introduction of an ‘effective temperature’ function that varies with time. First we introduce a non-stationary vacuum state for a quantum scalar field, which interpolates between the Boulware vacuum state at early times and the Unruh vacuum state at late times. In this way we mimic the process of switching on Hawking radiation in realistic collapse scenarios. Then, we analyse this vacuum state from the perspective of static observers at different radial positions, observers undergoing a free-fall trajectory from infinity and observers standing at rest at a radial distance and then released to fall freely towards the horizon. The physical image that emerges from these analyses is rather rich and compelling. Among many other results, we find that generic freely-falling observers do not perceive vacuum when crossing the horizon, but an effective temperature a few times larger than the one that they perceived when it started to free-fall. We explain this phenomenon as due to a diverging Doppler effect at horizon crossing.
Determination of Ice Water Path and Mass Median Particle Size Using Multichannel Microwave Measurements

Abstract The method of simultaneously retrieving ice water path and mass median diameter using microwave data at two frequencies is examined and implemented for tropical nonprecipitating clouds. To develop the retrieval algorithm, the authors first derived a bulk mass–size relation for ice particles in tropical clouds based on microphysical data collected during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment. This relation effectively allows ice particle density to decrease with particle size. In implementing the retrieval algorithm, 150- and 220-GHz Millimeter-Wave Imaging Radiometer data collected during the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment were used. Ice water path and mass median diameter are determined based on a lookup table generated by a radiative transfer model. The lookup table depends on cloud type, cloud liquid water path, and atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles. Only nonprecipitating clouds are studied in this paper. Error analyses were pe.
Post-Breast Cancer Lymphedema and the Family: A Qualitative Investigation of Families Coping With Chronic Illness

The number of women who experience breast cancer is increasing. Meanwhile there have been improvements in technologies used for detection and intervention. As a result, more women are living as breast cancer survivors who are now dealing with issues of quality of life related to the aftereffects of treatments. For about one third of women who have treatments involving the removal of and/or irradiation of the axillary lymph nodes, secondary lymphedema of the arm is likely to develop. We take a qualitative approach to investigating how lymphedema affects these women and their families in terms of task completion and family functioning. The Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response (FAAR) Model is used to interpret findings. These indicate that families who are more flexible in modifying daily tasks and who have preexisting resources for coping with stressors have more positive outcomes than do those families who are rigid and cope with stressors poorly.
Learning Discrete Weights Using the Local Reparameterization Trick

Recent breakthroughs in computer vision make use of large deep neural networks, utilizing the substantial speedup offered by GPUs. For applications running on limited hardware, however, high precision real-time processing can still be a challenge. One approach to solving this problem is training networks with binary or ternary weights, thus removing the need to calculate multiplications and significantly reducing memory size. In this work, we introduce LR-nets (Local reparameterization networks), a new method for training neural networks with discrete weights using stochastic parameters. We show how a simple modification to the local reparameterization trick, previously used to train Gaussian distributed weights, enables the training of discrete weights. Using the proposed training we test both binary and ternary models on MNIST, CIFAR-10 and ImageNet benchmarks and reach state-of-the-art results on most experiments.
Effects of Long-Term Exposure to News Stereotypes on Implicit and Explicit Attitudes

A substantial body of research suggests that some news media outlets depict certain social groups stereotypically. We hypothesize that long-term exposure to such news influences viewers’ automatically activated gut feelings (i.e., implicit attitudes) toward this social group , which, in turn, may be used as a basis for overtly expressed evaluations (i.e., explicit attitudes). This prediction was investigated in three empirical studies in two cultural contexts. In the United States and Austria, results suggest that regular exposure to stereotypical news coverage creates negative implicit attitudes, which, in turn, alter explicit attitudes. A better understanding of the news stereotype effects will allow us to develop strategies to reduce prejudice, which may contribute to the improvement of a humane and open society.