Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of a Sea-Breeze Case through Momentum, Temperature, and Turbulence Budgets*

A simulation with the Meso-NH model over the island of Mallorca, Spain, has been made in a case of synoptichighpressure(5June2010)thatallowedthedevelopment ofseabreezes(SB)inthethreemainbasins of the island. The results compare well to the available observations and are qualitatively very close to a previous idealized study with no synoptic forcing made by Ramis and Romero in 1995. The temporal and spatial structure of the SB in the southeastern basin is analyzed with the use of the momentum, temperature, and turbulence kinetic energy budgets provided by the numerical model. Five stages of evolution from before dawntoaftersunsetarediscussed,identifyingthemainphysicalmechanismsatplay.Themorninglandheating warms the land and the air over it until an air temperature gradient is created and a marine flow accelerates inland, dragged by turbulence in the low layers. The upper part of the inland current and the layers just above are dominated by compensatory motions, which oppose the corresponding pressure gradient at these levels. These mechanisms last while the SB is active, with significant effects from the local topography, and they decrease in intensity as sunset approaches. This relatively simple case has been used to check the goodness of two analytical models of the SB that perform relatively well because they use turbulence as a surrogate for the missing advection terms in the layers above 200m. These models are formulated here in a more consistent manner in the turbulence parameterization than were the original propositions.
Cardiovascular changes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in the air-breathing teleost Synbranchus marmoratus: importance of the venous system

SUMMARY Synbranchus marmoratus is a facultative air-breathing fish, which uses its buccal cavity as well as its gills for air-breathing. S. marmoratus shows a very pronounced tachycardia when it surfaces to air-breathe. An elevation of heart rate decreases cardiac filling time and therefore may cause a decline in stroke volume (VS), but this can be compensated for by an increase in venous tone to maintain stroke volume. Thus, the study on S. marmoratus was undertaken to investigate how stroke volume and venous function are affected during air-breathing. To this end we measured cardiac output (Q̇), heart rate (fH), central venous blood pressure (PCV), mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), and dorsal aortic blood pressures (PDA) in S. marmoratus. Measurements were performed in aerated water (PO2>130 mmHg), when the fish alternated between gill ventilation and prolonged periods of apnoeas, as well as during hypoxia (PO2≤50 mmHg), when the fish changed from gill ventilation to air-breathing. Q̇ increased significantly during gill ventilation compared to apnoea in aerated water through a significant increase in both fH and VS. PCV and MCFP also increased significantly. During hypoxia, when the animals surface to ventilate air, we found a marked rise in fH, PCV, MCFP, Q̇ and VS, whereas PDA decreased significantly. Simultaneous increases in PCV and MCFP in aerated, as well as in hypoxic water, suggests that the venous system plays an important regulatory role for cardiac filling and VS in this species. In addition, we investigated adrenergic regulation of the venous system through bolus infusions of adrenergic agonists (adrenaline, phenylephrine and isoproterenol; 2 μg kg–1). Adrenaline and phenylephrine caused a marked rise in PCV and MCFP, whereas isoproterenol led to a marked decrease in PCV, and tended to decrease MCFP. Thus, it is evident that stimulation of both α- and β-adrenoreceptors affects venous tone in S. marmoratus.
The hiring process.

Anyone who has done any hiring at all can tell something about the difficulty in choosing people from a group of strangers. Hiring the right people is the most important step in managing an organization. Any hiring is important, but making the correct choice in management people is increasingly vital the higher the job being filled is in the organization.
Characterization of instability of dynamic control for kinematically redundant manipulators

In redundant manipulator research community, the phenomenon called torque instability has not yet been completely characterized using unanimous agreement on its mechanism. This article shows that the behavior is indeed caused by incomplete compensation of null dynamics related with self-motion. This instability can be avoided by proper control with compensation of nonlinear null dynamics, and we propose a method to stabilize conventional redundancy resolution schemes extended to dynamic controls.
The urban heat island in Salamanca (Spain) and its relationship to meteorological parameters

An urban heat island (UHI) was found to exist in Salamanca, Spain—a medium-sized European city that has a continental climate and relatively little industrial pollution. We demonstrate that urban heating can occur in cities with these characteristics, giving rise to a microclimate that may alter the biological rhythm of the zone e.g. under these conditions, spring arrives earlier in the urban zone then in the rural zone. The study was carried out using data from 2 recording stations (one in and the other outside the city) for the years 1996-1998. The existence of a nocturnal UHI was observed, with a highest annual mean value of 3.6°C and a lowest annual mean value (cool island) of -0.9°C. The most intense nocturnal UHI was seen in autumn, while the strongest sinks occurred in spring and summer. As in other types of city with different characteristics, the UHI was seen to vary according to the atmospheric situation. The meteorological variables that most affected the UHI were found to be: (1) wind, which at speeds of >~6 m s -1 prevented the development of UHIs; (2) cloudi- ness, which altered the flux of incident solar radiation (the intensity of the nocturnal UHI was greater with high clouds); and (3) atmospheric pressure, which characterised the days of atmospheric stability or instability, leading to variations in the intensity of the UHI.
Comprehensive 3D echocardiography assessment of mitro-aortic valvular physiology. Are we ready?

Non-invasive mitral and aortic valve evaluation is important in clinical cardiology. Acquired pathology contributes to high morbidity and mortality. Technical developments, both in surgery and in interventional cardiology, have contributed to the increase in the type and number of treatment procedures. Older patients, sicker patients, and more complex abnormalities are now available for treatment. In this context, non-invasive imaging plays a crucial role not only in valvular heart disease diagnosis but also, and more important, in the selection of best therapeutic approach for each patient. Aortic and mitral valve are anchored to the fibrous skeleton of the heart. They are in close proximity through the mitro-aortic continuity and share the left and right fibrous trigones. They both are conformed by the annulus, leaflets, and tendineous cords (mitral valve). The left ventricle (LV) plays a key role in the physiology of both valves that far from being passive elements have their own intrinsic function. Both the mitral annulus (MA) and the aortic annulus (AA) with a pre-determined shape undergo anatomical changes along the cardiac cycle that contributes to the function of the valve itself. For years, research …
The teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide in mice.

Summary Cyclophosphamide, administered intraperitoneally to time-dated pregnant Swiss Webster mice on gestational Days 9 through 14 in a dosage of 20 mg/kg, resulted in increased numbers of resorptions and a variety of teratogenic effects. Gross examination of fetuses revealed cleft palate, exencephaly, digital defects, and kinky tail. Skeletal anomalies included polydactyly, syndactyly, ectrodactyly, adactyly, fusion of the long bones, curvature of the long bones, and missing ribs. Soft tissue malformations included open eyes, aphakia, microphakia, hydronephrosis, and hydrocephalus. Dosages of 5 and 10 mg/kg resulted in increased resorption and decreased growth rates in a dose-related manner but produced no discernible anomalies. Fetal mortality curves were biphasic, with the highest peak occurring on administration Days 9 and 10 and a second peak on Days 13 and 14.
Characteristics of lip-mouth region in smiling position from 80 persons with acceptable faces and individual normal occlusions.

OBJECTIVE The characteristics of lip-mouth region including the soft and hard tissues in smiling position with frontal fixed position photographic computer-aided analysis were studied. METHODS The subjects were 80 persons (40 male and 40 females, age range: 17 to approximately 25 years) with acceptable faces and individual normal occlusions. The subjects were asked to take maximum smiling position to accept photographic measurement with computer-aided analysis. RESULTS The maximum smile line could be divided into 3 categories: low smile line (16.25%), average smile line (68.75%), and high smile line (15%). CONCLUSION The method adopting maximum smiling position to study the lip-month region is reproducible and comparable. This study would be helpful to provide a quantitative reference for clinical investigation, diagnosis, treatment and efficacy appraisal.
The regulation of glucose transporter (GLUT1) expression by the RNA binding protein HuR

HuR is a ligand for nuclear mRNAs containing adenylate‐uridylate‐rich (ARE) elements in the 3′‐untranslated region. Once bound to the mRNA, HuR is recognized by adapter proteins that then facilitate nuclear export of the complex. In the cytosol, HuR is thought to function to control stability and translation of its ligand message. We have previously demonstrated that HuR is constitutively expressed in the 3T3‐L1 cells and shuttles from the nucleus to the cytosol, but remains predominantly nuclear in the preadipocytes and that as the cells differentiate, there is a marked increase in the proportion of HuR in the cytosol at any time. The GLUT1 glucose transporter is also expressed in both preadipocytes and adipocytes and in vitro RNA gel shifts indicate the mRNA is a ligand for HuR. However, HuR complexes containing the GLUT1 mRNA can only be isolated from the terminally differentiated adipocytes. Moreover, position analysis of the GLUT1 mRNA and HuR protein in polysome profiles demonstrates a shift to the most dense region of the gradient for both message and protein with adipocyte differentiation. Consistent with a regulatory role in the control of GLUT1 expression, siRNA‐mediated decrease in HuR protein resulted in a decreased expression of GLUT1 protein. These data suggest that HuR contributes to the metabolic function of the adipocyte through mediation of post‐transcriptional regulatory events. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 565–574, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads

This paper estimates the cost arising from information asymmetry between the lead bank and members of the lending syndicate. In a lending syndicate, the lead bank retains only a fraction of the loan but acts as the intermediary between the borrower and the syndicate participants. Theory predicts that asymmetric information will cause participants to demand a higher interest rate and that a large loan ownership by the lead bank should reduce this effect. In equilibrium, however, the asymmetric information premium demanded by participants is offset by the diversification premium demanded by the lead. Using shifts in the idiosyncratic credit risk of the lead bank's loan portfolio as an instrument, I measure the asymmetric information effect of the lead's share on the loan spread and find that it accounts for approximately 4% of the total cost of credit.
Fabrication of Amperometric Glucose Sensor Using Glucose Oxidase-Cellulose Nanofiber Aqueous Solution

Cellulose nanofiber aqueous solution, which remained virtually transparent for more than one week, was prepared by using the clear upper layer of diluted cellulose nanofiber solution produced by wet jet milling. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was easily dissolved in this solution and GOx-immobilized electrode was easily fabricated by simple repetitious drops of GOx-cellulose solution on the surface of a platinum-iridium electrode. Glucose sensor properties of the obtained electrodes were examined in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4 at 40°C. The obtained electrode provided a glucose sensor response with significantly high response speed and good linear relationship between glucose concentration and response current. After an initial decrease of response sensitivity for a few days, relatively constant sensitivity was obtained for about 20 days. Nevertheless, the influence of electroactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetoaminophen were not negletable.
A new approach for near-field synthesis

We present an overview of a method for designing near-field focusing systems, where distributions of electrically-small antennas are used as the source. The technique proposed here relies on recent progress in the theoretical understanding of the relation between the far and near fields of generic antennas, where it is suggested that the entire exterior-domain near field can be reconstructed from far-field data. The present paper provides a brief description of the method and proof of concept via an example.
Phase-based Tuning for Better Utilized Multicores

The latest trend towards performance asymmetry among cores on a single chip of a multicore processor is posing new software engineering challenges for developers. A key challenge is that for effective utilization of these performance-asymmetric multicore processors, code sections of a program must be assigned to cores such that the resource needs of a section closely matches resource availability at the assigned core. Determining this assignment manually is tedious, error prone, and it significantly complicates software development. We contribute a transparent and fully-automatic program analysis, which we call phase-based tuning, to solve this problem. Phase-based tuning adapts an application to effectively utilize performanceasymmetric cores of a processor. Our technique does not require any changes in the compiler or operating system, thus it is easy to deploy in existing tool chains. It does not require any input from the programmer except the application. Furthermore, it is independent of the characteristics (performance-asymmetry) of the target multicore processor, which has two benefits. First, it avoids the need to create multiple customizations of the binary for each target architecture, and second it relieves the programmer of the burden of anticipating the target architecture. Last but not least, our technique significantly improves performance. Compared to the stock Linux scheduler, our best technique shows 36% average process speedup, while maintaining fairness and with negligible overheads.
Effect of Electrode Location in Great Cardiac Vein on the Ventricular Defibrillation Threshold

HUANG, J., et al.: Effect of Electrode Location in Great Cardiac Vein on the Ventricular Defibrillation Threshold. This study tested the hypothesis that the DFT could be lowered by delivering a weak auxiliary shock in conjunction with a stronger primary shock with the auxiliary shock electrode near the cardiac region where the primary shock electric field is weakest. This hypothesis was tested by determining the DFTs with the auxiliary shock delivered from different locations within the great cardiac vein (GCV). In 15 dogs, catheters with defibrillation electrodes were placed transvenously in the RV apex, the SVC, and the GCV. An active can electrode and the SVC electrodes were electrically coupled to serve as a return electrode for the RV and GCV electrodes. DFTs were determined for a primary shock through the RV electrode with and without a subsequent auxiliary shock of lower amplitude through the GCV electrode. The leading edge voltage and current at DFT were significantly lowered by addition of the auxiliary shock (17% and 19% decreased, respectively), but energy was not changed. The animals were divided into three groups according to the location of the GCV electrode. The leading edge voltage, current, and total delivered energy at the DFT were significantly lower in animals with the GCV electrode near the apex (22%, 24%, and 13% reduction, respectively) compared with those where the GCV electrode was positioned away from apex (8%, 10% reduction and 18% increase, respectively, P < 0.001). Application of an auxiliary shock to the apical region, near the region where previous studies have indicated that the RV primary shock has its weakest effects, caused the greatest decrease in DFT.
The Impact of Television on Medicine

There is no need to struggle, as the majority have to do, with the interpretation of the written word: the word is translated into the visual mode, and communicated directly, reinforced by the auditory mode, and within our own homes. Under its influence, the world is shrinking, and the relative importance of the real issues confronting mankind become obvious through the immediacy of the message through the medium.
Cooperative modulation by eIF4G of eIF4E‐binding to the mRNA 5′ cap in yeast involves a site partially shared by p20

Interaction between the mRNA 5′‐cap‐binding protein eIF4E and the multiadaptor protein eIF4G has been demonstrated in all eukaryotic translation assemblies examined so far. This study uses immunological, genetic and biochemical methods to map the surface amino acids on eIF4E that contribute to eIF4G binding. Cap‐analogue chromatography and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses demonstrate that one class of mutations in these surface regions disrupts eIF4E–eIF4G association, and thereby polysome formation and growth. The residues at these positions in wild‐type eIF4E mediate positive cooperativity between the binding of eIF4G to eIF4E and the latter's cap‐affinity. Moreover, two of the mutations confer temperature sensitivity in eIF4G binding to eIF4E which correlates with the formation of large numbers of inactive ribosome 80S couples in vivo and the loss of cellular protein synthesis activity. The yeast 4E‐binding protein p20 is estimated by SPR to have a ten times lower binding affinity than eIF4G for eIF4E. Investigation of a second class of eIF4E mutations reveals that p20 shares only part of eIF4G's binding site on the cap‐binding protein. The results presented provide a basis for understanding how cycling of eIF4E and eIF4G occurs in yeast translation and explains how p20 can act as a fine, but not as a coarse, regulator of protein synthesis.
Why Do Alexithymic Features Appear to Be Stable?

Background: This 12-month follow-up study investigated the prevalence of alexithymia and its relationship with depression in a sample of the general population from Eastern Finland (n = 1,584). Methods: Alexithymia was assessed using the 20-item version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and depression using the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: The prevalence of alexithymia in each study phase was similar (baseline: 9.7%; follow-up: 10.1%). Mean values of BDI, TAS-20 and subfactors of the TAS-20 also remained unchanged between the study phases. However, by using the original cutoff points, we found that a proportion of the subjects were in a different TAS-20 category on follow-up than at baseline. The mean values of BDI had not changed in those subjects who had similar alexithymia status in both phases, but increased or decreased in parallel with the change in TAS-20 score among all other subjects. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that it is important to use a variety of viewpoints when studying changes in alexithymia status. Alexithymia appears to be a stable trait based on the similarity of the mean TAS-20 scores in separate study phases. However, when focusing on the changes in alexithymia status at the individual level, alexithymic features also appear to be state dependent and strongly related to depressive symptoms.
Comparative study on DNA sequences of ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 of mitochondrial DNA among five species of gnathostomes

Abstract The nucleotide sequences of partial 18S, complete internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1), complete 5.8S, complete ITS2 and partial 28S of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 of mitochondrial DNA (MCOI) from five species of gnathostomes (G. spinigerum, G. doloresi, G. nipponicum, G. hispidum and G. binucleatum with the former four species being distributed in Japan and Asia) that cause human gnathostomiasis were compared by direct polymerase chain reaction cycle-sequencing. The nucleotide sequences of each region of the18S (613 bp), 5.8S (158 bp) and 28S (598 bp) rDNA from the five species were almost identical. The ITS1 region was different in length for the five species. The nucleotide sequences of each region of ITS2 and partial MCO1 regions were different among the five species. Therefore, these two regions can be used as genetic markers for identification of worms.
[Importance of the back muscles in rehabilitation of postoperative segmental lumbar instability--a biomechanical analysis].

In the present study, a biomechanical in-vitro experimental design for assessing lumbar instability following discectomy had been complemented by computer simulation of the muscular influence. The most impressive changes of the instability parameters chosen, i.e., mobility (flexibility) and neutral zone, occurred in respect of the study movement directions Ty, Tz and Mx (lumbar disc height, anterior/posterior dislocation, and flexion/extension). The influence of the multifidus muscle had enabled the flexion/extension neutral zone changes to be offset. Flexibility (+/- Rx) was found to have been influenced to a minor degree.
Human Development: The Role of Biology and Culture

This chapter discusses contemporary tendencies in Developmental Psychology, the concept of development in ontogenesis, and basic assumptions to study them. We assume a life cycle perspective from an evolutionary and social-cultural orientation. This perspective aims at understanding ontogenesis as based in our phylogenetic history and occurring in specific social-cultural and historical contexts. The inseparable relationship between biology and culture is highlighted, and we discuss the importance of considering groups from the majority world, beyond specific Anglo-Saxon North American and European ones. Recent research on different aspects of development are presented and discussed as examples of the perspectives adopted.