Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modeling of the Lithium Deposition Overcharge Reaction in Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Carbon‐Based Negative Electrodes

Two major issues facing lithium-ion battery technology are safety and capacity grade during cycling. A significant amount of work has been done to improve the cycle life and to reduce the safety problems associated with these cells. This includes newer and better electrode materials, lower-temperature shutdown separators, nonflammable or self-extinguishing electrolytes, and improved cell designs. The goal of this work is to predict the conditions for the lithium deposition overcharge reaction on the negative electrode (graphite and coke) and to investigate the effect of various operating conditions, cell designs and charging protocols on the lithium deposition side reaction. The processes that lead to capacity fading affect severely the cycle life and rate behavior of lithium-ion cells. One such process is the overcharge of the negative electrode causing lithium deposition, which can lead to capacity losses including a loss of active lithium and electrolyte and represents a potential safety hazard. A mathematical model is presented to predict lithium deposition on the negative electrode under a variety of operating conditions. The Li{sub x}C{sub 6} {vert{underscore}bar} 1 M LiPF{sub 6}, 2:1 ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) {vert{underscore}bar} LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cell is simulated to investigate the influence of lithium deposition on the chargingmore » behavior of intercalation electrodes. The model is used to study the effect of key design parameters (particle size, electrode thickness, and mass ratio) on the lithium deposition overcharge reaction. The model predictions are compared for coke and graphite-based negative electrodes. The cycling behavior of these cells is simulated before and after overcharge to understand the hazards and capacity fade problems, inherent in these cells, can be minimized. « less
Nutrition among Adolescent Spaniards: Healthy and Non-healthy Motives of Food Choice

Health is one of the issues which most concern both the general public and institutions. Correct nutrition is a fundamental variable due to its medium and long term effects. The present work focuses on examining the nutrition among adolescent Spaniards, especially the healthy and non-healthy motives of food choice, as well as the effect of this choice on future health problems. In order to confirm the Food Choice Questionnaire's (FCQ) applicability to the sample of young people polled, and examine the possible differences related to the socio-demographic and anthropometric variables (weight and height (BMI)), a two phase methodology was used (Principal Component Factor Analysis (PCFA); ANOVA, t-test, Pearson Chi-Square). Selection of the respondents has been carried out with multistage random sampling in two stages, stratified and cluster, taking into account the type of high school (public or private). The sample was composed of 590 pupils from different high schools in the city of Valencia (Spain), aged between 13 to 18 years old. Our findings show that Spaniards young people choose their food in terms of the sensory aspects and price, without concerning themselves with the effects that their eating habits may have on their weight. Moreover, the findings showed significant differences taking into account gender of the participants and the type of high school they attend. In all the socio-demographic groups studied, the aspects related to the senses are the most important factor in the food choice. The least important factor is related to ethical characteristics of the food producers.
Characterization and Evaluation of Prepared Fe2O3/Al2O3 Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Process

Alumina supported Fe2O3 was prepared to evaluate its feasibility as an oxygen carrier for chemical looping using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and fixed bed reactor. Fe2O3/Al2O3 particles containing 60 wt% Fe2O3 and sintered at 1300°C demonstrated reasonable oxygen conversion. The reduction mechanism of Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carriers was proposed based on the thermogravimetric analysis and XRD characterization. FeAl2O4 is formed and can serve as a supporting material as well as oxygen carrier in practical operations by using a moving bed reactor. The prepared Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carriers demonstrated high CO2 yields in relation to syngas and methane combustion in the fixed bed reactor operated at temperatures higher than 500 and 850°C, respectively. Moreover, hydrogen generation was demonstrated to be feasible by steam oxidation with reduced Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carriers for experiments conducted at temperatures above 800°C. The crush strength and TGA of Fe2O3/Al2O3 were examined, and the results showed that they had an appropriate crush strength and reasonable reactivity as oxygen carriers for use in a chemical looping process.
Tonal Ambiguity in Popular Music’s Axis Progressions

The harmonic progression of aFCG (Am–F–C–G) and its transpositions constitute one rotation of what I call Axis progressions, namely progressions that begin with one of these four chords and cycle through the others in order, hence the Axis-a, -F, -C, and -G, respectively. Of these four progressions, the a-form and C-form, and to a lesser extent, the F-form, have become staples of mainstream popular songs from the last decades of the twentieth century and the first decades of the twenty-first. The a-form is especially noteworthy for being both extremely widespread and tonally ambiguous, in that the perception of its tonality may waver between the major and Aeolian modes. Not only does the progression conflate aspects of the two modes, but it may also vary the degree to which those modes are expressed and their proportion within the progression, resulting in a vast array of possible tonal se$ings. This article posits that tonality in these se$ings depends primarily on the melodic content of the progression. A methodology for melodic analysis is then presented and applied to a number of examples of Axis-a (as well as some Axis-F) progressions, to demonstrate how diverse its se$ings can be. Volume 23, Number 3, September 2017 Copyright © 2017 Society for Music Theory [1] Tonality in popular music and the ways in which it is manifested in ambiguous se$ings are topics that have only begun to receive regular scholarly a$ention by such writers as Doll (2017), Spicer (2017), Peres (2016), and Tagg (2014). The progression aFCG (Am–F–C–G) and its transpositions constitute one rotation of a set of closely related progressions that, for reasons outlined further below, I call Axis progressions, namely progressions that begin with one of these four chords and cycle through the others in order, hence the Axis-a, -F, -C, and -G, respectively. Of these four progressions, the a-form and C-form, and to a lesser extent the F-form, have become staples of mainstream popular songs from the last decades of the twentieth century and the first
Understanding the Fine Structure of Electricity Prices

This paper analyzes the special features of electricity spot prices derived from the physics of this commodity and from the economics of supply and demand in a market pool. Besides mean-reversion, a property they share with other commodities, power prices exhibit the unique feature of spikes in trajectories. We introduce a class of discontinuous processes exhibiting a jump-reversion component to properly represent these sharp upward moves shortly followed by drops of similar magnitude. Our approach allows to capture - for the first time to our knowledge - both the trajectorial and the statistical properties of electricity pool prices. The quality of the fitting is illustrated on a database of major US power markets.
Internal versus International Migration

This paper focuses on the effects of domestic and international remittances on child labor and schooling. Using data from the 1992–1993 and 1997–1998 Vietnam Living Standards Surveys, we investigate school attendance and child labor in remittance recipient and non-recipient households. The results of our binomial logit and two-sided censored regression panel analysis indicate that remittances increase schooling and reduce child labor. Although international remittances are found to have a stronger beneficial impact than domestic remittances in the cross-section, the panel analysis, taking account of fixed effects, reverses this result, showing that the only significant impact stems from domestic remittances.
Community, Place and Cyberspace

It is over 30 years since the concept of community without propinquity was first proposed. According to this concept, communities might be spatially far-flung, but nevertheless close-knit, intimate and held together by shared interests and values, rather than by geographical proximity. Although the idea of community without propinquity has been heavily criticised, the advent of advanced telecommunications and the emergence of cyberspace mean that a reappraisal of the concept, and of the changing nature of community generally, is warranted. The paper undertakes such a reappraisal. A review of the literature on cyberspace reveals several reasons why the social effects of advanced telecommunications and the Internet might be less than is sometimes predicted. Setting this discussion in the context of other social science discourses on new urbanism, consumption rather than production as a basis for city life, postmodernism, and 'the third way' in politics, shows that place and local community are, and will continue to be, fundamental to the functioning of society. Cyberspace might have annihilated distance but not place.
From soil water to surface water – how the riparian zone controls element transport from a boreal forest to a stream

Abstract. Boreal headwaters are often lined by strips of highly organic soils, which are the last terrestrial environment to leave an imprint on discharging groundwater before it enters a stream. Because these riparian soils are so different from the Podzol soils that dominate much of the boreal landscape, they are known to have a major impact on the biogeochemistry of important elements such as C, N, P and Fe and the transfer of these elements from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. For most elements, however, the role of the riparian zone has remained unclear, although it should be expected that the mobility of many elements is affected by changes in, for example, pH, redox potential and concentration of organic carbon as they are transported through the riparian zone. Therefore, soil water and groundwater was sampled at different depths along a 22 m hillslope transect in the Krycklan catchment in northern Sweden using soil lysimeters and analysed for a large number of major and trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Si, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn, Zr) and other parameters such as sulfate and total organic carbon (TOC). The results showed that the concentrations of most investigated elements increased substantially (up to 60 times) as the water flowed from the uphill mineral soils and into the riparian zone, largely as a result of higher TOC concentrations. The stream water concentrations of these elements were typically somewhat lower than in the riparian zone, but still considerably higher than in the uphill mineral soils, which suggests that riparian soils have a decisive impact on the water quality of boreal streams. The degree of enrichment in the riparian zone for different elements could be linked to the affinity for organic matter, indicating that the pattern with strongly elevated concentrations in riparian soils is typical for organophilic substances. One likely explanation is that the solubility of many organophilic elements increases as a result of the higher concentrations of TOC in the riparian zone. Elements with low or modest affinity for organic matter (e.g. Na, Cl, K, Mg and Ca) occurred in similar or lower concentrations in the riparian zone. Despite the elevated concentrations of many elements in riparian soil water and groundwater, no increase in the concentrations in biota could be observed (bilberry leaves and spruce shoots).
Cure Kinetics and Activation Energy Studies of Modified Bismaleimide Resins

The cure kinetics and activation energy (Ea) of bismaleimide homopolymer and modified bismaleimide resin systems with different chain extenders were investigated. The bismaleimide resin under investigation was bismaleimidodiphenyl methane (BMPM) and the chain extenders were (i) O-O′ diallyl bisphenol A (DABA) and (ii) methylenedianiline (MDA). Dynamic multiheating DSC method was used to study the kinetics of the curing process. Activation energies were determined for both unmodified and modified resins from nonisothermal multiheating rate DSC tests by using Ozawa and Kissinger models. Activation energy for BMPM homopolymer increased from 95 kJ/mol to 125 kJ/mol as a function of conversion. For the MDA-modified system the activation energy was independent of percentage conversion, at 108 kJ/mol. In the case of DABA-modified bismaleimide the activation energy increased steadily at 6 kJ/mol from 10 to 100% conversion.
A Study of the Effect of Accounting Quality on Method of Financing: Evidence from Iran

Current study investigates the effect of accounting quality on investment restrictions and the methods of financing in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 20052010. Therefore, the hypotheses have been analyzed throughout the investment model obtained from the total capital expenditure of companies as the investment and accounting quality which is resulted from discretionary accrual of Jones model. The statistical results obtained by endogenous switching method and ordinary least square in the research indicates that there is a negative and significant relation between the accounting quality and the investment cash-flow sensitivity, in other words, the investment cash flows sensitivity is decreased due to the improvement of accounting quality, thus the financial restrictions are also reduced. Then, the effect of accounting quality on the amount of bank credits and capital rises for financing have been studied separately and without consideration of controlling variables which results indicate that the amount of bank credits are increased because of higher accounting quality, whereas, there is no significant relation between the accounting quality and capital rising.
Routines, Capabilities and Innovation in the Brazilian Wine Industry

As environments become more competitive and change, firms need to look for new ways of competing by implementing changes and innovations aiming at improving or even building new capabilities. Through multiple case studies, we examine the relationship between routines, capabilities and innovation seeking to identify the changes and innovations that have occurred along the trajectory of two wine producing firms in the Serra Gaucha of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The results indicate that both companies submitted changes/innovations in routines and capabilities, however, the different strategies and decisions made led to totally different outcomes in terms of size, growth and market-share.
Analysis of Flow Characteristics in Sewerage System

In the present study, two parameters, the per capita flow and the design criterion, were investigated. The investigation was performed on a manhole located between the library and sports complex within Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang campus (UMP Gambang) where field monitoring of sewage flows was conducted. ISCO 2150 area-velocity flowmeter was used to collect the flow data and Flowlink 5.1 software was used for data retrieval as well as display. Calibration of the flowmeter was done in the Hydraulics and Hydrology Laboratory of UMP Gambang. The study duration was from November 2014 to February 2015. Each set of data consists of sewage flow readings every 5 minutes for duration of two weeks. The same data measurement interval was applied to the rainfall data, collected through an ISCO 675 rain gauge. From the results obtained, both the parameters investigated were found to be lower than their respective values stated in the Malaysia Standard MS1228:1991. After analysis of the results, it can be concluded that the flow characteristics in the sewerage system studied is sufficient to cater to the population equivalent in the study.
Key Factors Affecting Construction Safety Performance in Developing Countries: Evidence from Cambodia

Although proper safety management in construction is of utmost importance; anecdotal evidence suggests that safety is not adequately considered in many developing countries. This paper considers the key variables affecting construction safety performance in Cambodia. Using an empirical questionnaire survey targeting local construction professionals, respondents were invited to rate the level of importance of 30 variables identified from the seminal literature. The data set was subjected to factor analysis. Correlations between the variables show that five key factors underlie the challenges facing the local industry; management and organisation, resources, site management, cosmetic and workforce. It is found that the forefront construction professionals (top management and government authorities) should take more responsibilities for further improvements in safety performance on project sites. Findings and recommendations of this study may be useful to construction professional who are seeking ways to improve safety records in developing countries.
Optimal trading strategies for Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes

ABSTRACT This study derives an optimal pairs trading strategy based on a Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process and applies it to high-frequency data of the S&P 500 constituents from 1998 to 2015. Our model provides optimal entry and exit signals by maximizing the expected return expressed in terms of the first-passage time of the spread process. An explicit representation of the strategy’s objective function allows for direct optimization without Monte Carlo methods. Categorizing the data sample into 10 economic sectors, we depict both the performance of each sector and the efficiency of the strategy in general. Results from empirical back-testing show strong support for the profitability of the model with returns after transaction costs ranging from 31.90% p.a. for the sector ‘Consumer Staples’ to 278.61% p.a. for the sector ‘Financials’. We find that the remarkable returns across all economic sectors are strongly driven by model parameters and sector size. Jump intensity decreases over time with strong outliers in times of high market turmoil. The value-add of our Lévy-based model is demonstrated by benchmarking it with quantitative strategies based on Brownian motion-driven processes.
Time-reversal symmetry, anomalies, and dualities in (2+1)$d$

We study continuum quantum field theories in 2+1 dimensions with time-reversal symmetry \cal T. The standard relation {\cal T}^2=(-1)^F is satisfied on all the “perturbative operators” i.e. polynomials in the fundamental fields and their derivatives. However, we find that it is often the case that acting on more complicated operators {\cal T}^2=(-1)^F {\cal M} with \cal M a non-trivial global symmetry. For example, acting on monopole operators, \cal M could be \pm1±1 depending on the magnetic charge. We study in detail U(1)U(1) gauge theories with fermions of various charges. Such a modification of the time-reversal algebra happens when the number of odd charge fermions is 2 ~{\rm mod }~4, e.g. in QED with two fermions. Our work also clarifies the dynamics of QED with fermions of higher charges. In particular, we argue that the long-distance behavior of QED with a single fermion of charge 22 is a free theory consisting of a Dirac fermion and a decoupled topological quantum field theory. The extension to an arbitrary even charge is straightforward. The generalization of these abelian theories to SO(N)SO(N) gauge theories with fermions in the vector or in two-index tensor representations leads to new results and new consistency conditions on previously suggested scenarios for the dynamics of these theories. Among these new results is a surprising non-abelian symmetry involving time-reversal.
Loss Sensitivity and Concreteness as Principles of Integration of Prior Outcomes in Risky Decisions

An experiment was conducted to contrast cognitive and motivational explanations of why a decision maker integrates a prior outcome with the expected outcomes of a current choice. Undergraduate students imagined that, on a fictitious day at a racetrack, they did not gamble in the prior race, that they gambled and won, or that they gambled and lost. Subjects rated in one session the likelihood of choosing to gamble in the current race. In another session, they rated how satisfied they would be with not gambling, with gambling and winning, and with gambling and losing, respectively. In support of a concreteness principle based on the assumption that cognitive effort is minimised, the results showed more integration of the prior outcome for descriptions of the bets which concretely integrated the prior outcomes with all the outcomes of the current choice than for descriptions which did not do that. A motivational explanation labelled the “loss-sensitivity principle” was also empirically supported in that, irr.
Core-Self Evaluations and Psychological Health among Caregivers ·of Psychiatric Patients in Southwestern Nigeria

There is ample research evidence supporting the view that although caring for the mentally - ill can compromise the psychological health ojfami/y caregivers, there are significant individual differences. Empirical research is, however, scanty on the issue, especially in Nigeria. This cross-sectional study investigated the psychological h. :alth of 12 7 conveniently selected family caregivers and 1 I 4 controls (non- caregivers) conveniently selected . fi'om Abeokuta, Southwes tern Nigeria. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of widely used measures ofpersonality (core selj~ e valuations scale), psychological health (General Health Questionnaire) and a section for demographic variables. Results indicated that caregivers reported s ignificantly poorer psychological health than control participants {t (2,239) = -5.05,· p <. OJ}. Female caregivers and relatively older ones reported significantly better on psychological health compared to females and older ones. Furthen1w ,. ·e, marital status, educational qualification and employment stctu. ·· had differential influence on p~ychologicai r1ealth betvveen the two samples. These findings were discussed and the need for more empirical research on the issue as we/! w the need to consider these caregivers as clients in need of psychological intervention highlighted
Various Irrigation Effect of Corn Grain Yield and CERES-Maize Simulation for South Central Kansas

A field study was conducted to evaluate an irrigation scheduling model (KanSched) under deficit sprinkler irrigation applications on seven irrigated corn sites in South Central Kansas from 1999 to 2001. The study sites included a K-State experimental field with a linear move irrigation system and six commercial production fields with center pivot sprinkler systems. The sprinkler packages were modified to apply various irrigation amounts on three portions of the systems. Soil types from the various fields ranged from coarse textured sand to fine textured silt loam. Net irrigation amounts applied to each test zone were measured with three IrriGages (IG10). One IG10 collector was also located at the edge of each commercial site to measure rainfall during the corn growing season. Field yield and water use information was collected. Field results were compared to modeled yields using the CERES-Maize crop model. Field information generally indicated substantial yield loss due to deficit irrigation. CERES-Maize simulations did not mimic measured yields.