Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The basic pharmacoepidemiology of benzodiazepine use in Norway 2004-9.

Objectives : Benzodiazepines are effective and safe drugs for treatment of insomnia, anxiety, epilepsy and muscle spasm, but there is also a potential for harmful use, abuse and addiction. Even though these drugs are used extensively, have been on the market for 50 years, and quite a few reports have been published on risk factors and patterns of use, the basic epidemiological parameters of use, such as incidence, prevalence, mean volume used and duration of use have not been documented in Norway. The aim of this study was to describe these basic pharmacoepidemiological parameters of benzodiazepine use. Methods: Data were drawn from the Norwegian prescription database with an observation period of 5 years and 10 months between January 2004 and October 2009. Results: Around 61 per 1000 Norwegians filled at least one prescription each year in the observation period. The annual incidence rate of new users was 15 per 1000 in 2007, falling to 12 per 1000 in 2009. Of the users of benzodiazepines 65% were female, and they used a lower mean volume than men did. The mean volume used was often very low and for the most part was quite stable. The average length of use was estimated to be between 9 and 15 years. In addition to fewer incident users, the mean volume used also seemed to be declining. Conclusion: Most benzodiazepine use in Norway lasted a short period or at a very low level. Some individuals, however, carried on using benzodiazepines for years
Examining Biliary Acid Constituents among Gall Bladder Patients: A Bayes Study Using the Generalized Linear Model

The generalized linear model is an important class of models that has wide variety of applications mainly because of its inherent flexibility and generality. The present paper provides an important application of GLM in order to examine different constituents of bile acid in the development of gallstones as well as carcinoma among the gallbladder patients. These constituents may be broadly categorized as primary and secondary bile acids. The paper, in fact, considers two particular cases of GLM based on normal and gamma modelling assumptions and provides the complete Bayes analysis using independent but vague priors for the concerned model parameters. It then analyzes a real data set taken from SS Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, with primary (secondary) bile acids as response variables and secondary (primary) bile acids as the predictors. The authenticity of the assumed models for the given data set is also examined based on predictive simulation ideas.
Improving perinatal outcome: towards individualized care

Unfortunately not all pregnancies and deliveries take place without complications. Complications during pregnancy or delivery can lead to maternal morbidity and poor perinatal outcomes such as perinatal mortality or (severe) neonatal morbidity. First assessment in antenatal care is to distinguish women who require standard care from those requiring special attention. At the moment, we can make some global risk assessments, but are not able to give a women a risk assessment that is adapted for her. For instance, foetal characteristics and pregnancy specific/environmental factors are often not incorporated in the risk assessment these days, even though they play a role. If we can predict more precisely who is at risk (for preterm birth or any other pregnancy complication) preventive strategies can be used to decrease complications and improving poor perinatal outcomes. Obviously many different factors are related to poor perinatal outcomes. The objective of this thesis was to identify women at risk in order to improve perinatal outcomes. We focused on three subjects with separate aims: - study screening options for spontaneous preterm birth at different time points during pregnancy in order to identify risk factors and gain insight in pathophysiologic mechanisms; - investigate the association between asymptomatic bacteriuria and poor perinatal and maternal outcome to investigate the necessity of a screen and treat program in the Netherlands; - explore differences in perinatal mortality near term in certain subgroups in order to individualize management of these pregnancies.
Improving Student Comprehension with Logisim-based RISC Processors

This Work in Progress paper in Innovative Practice details continued efforts to improve student comprehension of computer architecture across MIPS and ARM. Students majoring in Computer Science at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) are typically enrolled in the department’s Computer Architecture course during the spring of their sophomore year. These students traditionally struggled to understand exactly what was occurring in the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer and demonstrated poor performance on assignments, tests, and the final exam on these concepts. Other institutions have had success giving their students a series of assignments which culminate in their implementing a complete CPU architecture in a logic simulator. However, this fairly time consuming assignment was not deemed feasible at USAFA where student time is divided between various required duties, academics, and athletics. The authors’ previous work showed that providing students with a reduced version of the MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipelined Stages) single cycle architecture (SCA) implemented in Logisim increased student comprehension as it allowed them to observe the internal processor operations at a very detailed level. In 2021, the course switched from MIPS to ARM, and students were not provided with this tool and their performance on assessments regressed. In 2022, students were provided with a simulated ARM processor built in Logisim to recreate the improved performance from the MIPS tool. The paper shows five years of data across multiple instructors, virtual/in-person learning, different architectures, and various texts showing that observing simulated processors improves overall student performance with very little additional work from the instructors or the students.
Cerebral Palsy: A Complete Guide for Caregiving

A diagnosis of cerebral palsy is difficult to make and is typically delayed until the child is 18 months old. Although the condition may be mild or severe or something in between, even general predictions about long-term prognosis seldom come before the child's second birthday. Such a "wait-and-see" process can be extraordinarily difficult for parents and families. Written by a team of experts associated with the Cerebral Palsy Program at the Alfred I. duPont Institute, this text addresses the complexities and uncertainties of cerebral palsy while providing information that anyone might ever need to know about the condition. It is a resource for parents, grandparents, caregivers and health professionals, as well as adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy. Part one of the book provides an overview of cerebral palsy, describing the specific patterns of involvement (hemiplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia), explaining the medical and psychosocial implications of these conditions, and showing parents how to be effective advocates for their child. Part two offers a wealth of practical advice about caregiving, from wheelchair maintenance to toothbrushing. Part three - an extensive, alphabetically arranged encyclopaedia - lists, defines and describes medical terms and diagnoses, medical and surgical procedures, and orthopaedic and other assistive devices. The authors also include lists of resources and recommended reading.
Aspects étiologiques des rectorragies chez l’adulte en milieu africain : à propos de 85 cas colligés en 12 ans au CHU-Campus de Lomé

But : recenser les etiologies des rectorragies au CHU Campus de Lome. Methodologie : Il s’agit d’une etude retrospectivr sur 12 ans (1er janvier 1990 - 31 decembre 2001), realisee a partir des comptes-rendus de coloscopie. Elle a inclus les dossiers des malades des deux sexes, âges de plus de 15 ans, ayant presente une rectorragie exploree par une ano-rectoscopie et une coloscopie totale. Resultats : les rectorragies representent 38,72 % des indications de la coloscopie. Les malades âges de 24 a 45 ans ont ete les plus atteints (52,94 %). Une predominance masculine a ete retrouvee (sex-ratio : 2,4). Parmi les etiologies retrouvees, les hemorroides ont ete plus frequentes (23,53 %) suivies par les colites non specifiques (16,47 %), la recto-colite ulcero-hemorragique (15,29 %), la diverticulose colique (10,58 %), les colites amibiennes (9,4 %) et le cancer colorectal (5,88%). Les hemorroides etaient associees a une colite non specifique (1 cas), a une recto-colite ulcero-hemorragique (1 cas), a une colite amibienne (1 cas) et a une diverticulose colique (1 cas). Dans 12 cas (14,12 %), aucune etiologie n’a ete retrouvee. Conclusion : Les hemorroides representent l’etiologie la plus frequente des rectorragies a Lome; cependant leur decouverte a l’ano-rectoscopie ne doit pas dispenser de la realisation d’une coloscopie complete a la recherche de lesions associees. Mots cles : Rectorragie, etiologie, ano-rectoscopie, coloscopie. Purpose: To count the aetiology of proctorrhagia in Lome. Methods: It is a retrospective study, over 12 years (1st January 1990-31 December 2001), realised from the reports of the coloscopy. It included the patients of the two sexes, old of more than 15 years, having presented a proctorrhagia explored by ano-rectoscopy and coloscopy. Results: The proctorrhagia represent 38.72 % of the indications of the coloscopy. The patients from 24 to 45 years were reached (52.94 %). A male prevalence was found (sex-ratio: 2.4). Among the aetiology found, the haemorrhoids more frequent (23.53 %) were followed by the non specific colitis (16.47 %), the ulcero-haemorrhage rectocolitis (15.29 %), the colon diverticulosis (10.58 %), the amoebic colitis (9.4%) and colorectal cancer (5.88 %). The haemorrhoids were associated with a non specific colitis (1 case), an ulcero-hemorrhagic rectocolitis (1 case), an amoebic colitis (1 case) and diverticulose colic (1 case). In 12 cases (14.12 %), no aetiology was found. Conclusion: The haemorrhoids represent the most frequent aetiology of the proctorrhagia in Lome; however their discovery in ano-rectoscopy should not exempt realisation of a complete coloscopy in the search of other causes. Key words: Proctorrhagia, aetiology, ano-rectoscopy, coloscopy.
Infections Associated With Indwelling Medical Devices

1. Host Factors Predisposing to and Influencing Therapy of Foreign Body Infections 2. Molecular Basis of Adherence of staphylococcus aureus to Biomaterials 3. Microbial Pathogenic Factors: Small Colony Variants 4. Colonisation of Medical Devices by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci 5. Biomaterials: Factors Favouring Colonisation and Infections 6. Pathogenesis of Vascular Catheter Infection 7. Arterial Prosthetic Infections 8. Infections of Prosthetic Heart Valves 9. Prosthetic Joint Infections 10. Ambulatory Management of Infected Orthopaedic Implants 11. Infections of Central Nervous System shunts 12. pacemaker and Defibrillator Infections 13. Infections of the Female Genital Tract 14. Ocular Infections 15. Infections Associated with Endotracheal Intubation and Tracheostomy 16. Infections Associated with Foreign Bodies in the Urinary Tract 17. Infections Related to Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis 18. Dental Implants 19. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis of Infections Associated with Foreign Bodies 20. Preventive Strategies of Catheter Related Infections
Ultrasonography of the deep abdominal muscles at rest and during the drawing-in maneuver: A comparative study of Japanese adolescent vs. adult soccer players

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of abdominal deep muscles in adolescent soccer players. METHODS: Participants were 53 soccer players from junior high school and 14 adult soccer players. The deep abdominal muscles of both sides were imaged by ultrasonography. Abdominal muscles on the dominant leg side were selected as the targets of measurements, and measurements of the transversus abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) muscle were conducted. The muscle thickness of these muscles was measured at rest and during contraction (while drawing-in of the abdominal wall) and served as the basis for comparing the adolescent and adult players. RESULTS: While no significant inter-group differences were noted in the thickness of the TrA or IO muscle at rest, a significant difference was observed during the drawing-in maneuver. CONCLUSION: The deep abdominal muscles of adolescent soccer players have not likely reached full maturity.
Male and Female Pathways to Psychopathology: Findings from a Preventive Intervention Study

textabstractThe objective of the present study was to extent the knowledge on the pathways to male and female psychopathology from childhood into early adolescence. In Chapter 1, the background of the Good Behavior Game (GBG) study was presented. The GBG study is a randomized controlled intervention study that started in 1998 when 666 children from 13 elementary schools in the metropolitan area of Rotterdam and Amsterdam were enrolled in the study at age 6. The GBG intervention is a universal classroom-based intervention aimed at the reduction of problem behavior and the promotion of prosocial behavior in elementary schoolchildren. In Chapter 1, we explained how the nesting of this randomized controlled preventive intervention allowed us to test the influence of hypothesized risk factors on the sexspecific pathways to externalizing and internalizing psychopathology spanning the period from middle childhood to early adolescence (from age 6 to 13 years). Using this method, we investigated: (1) the influence of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking on the pathway to Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity symptoms in middle and late childhood, (2) the role of middle childhood behavioral, emotional, and social problems in the development of relational aggression from late childhood to early adolescence, (3) the influence of physical and relational victimization experiences during middle childhood in the pathways to anxiety and depression in early adolescence, and in addition, we examined (4) typologies of parenting behaviors and their association with childhood psychopathology.
Effects of long-term anaesthesia on auditory evoked potential amplitude and latency

The auditory function of animal models has been observed to deteriorate with long-term anaesthesia. Whether the changes observed result from effects on central auditory pathways, or are caused by deterioration of the cochlear function is investigated. Adult chinchillas were anesthetized using a ketamine-xylazine combination. Auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABR) and middle latency responses (MLR) were monitored from the chinchilla during 12 hrs of anaesthesia, and the auditory function deterioration which resulted over this period is described.
Falls prevention interventions in older adults with cognitive impairment: A systematic review of reviews

Aim: This critical review explores the review material on falls prevention interventions in older adults with a cognitive impairment such as dementia. Method: A critical, systematic, review of review method was used. Five large electronic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, and the Cochrane electronic library, were searched. The search terms ‘falls’, ‘rehabilitation’, ‘falls prevention’, ‘interventions’, ‘cognitive impairment’, ‘dementia’, and ‘Alzheimer’s disease’, were used. All available reviews were marked against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: There were seven reviews which met the inclusion criteria. Only one of the included reviews had a homogenous population of adults with a cognitive impairment. Exercise was the most commonly reported intervention, included in 91 studies and all seven reviews. Multifactorial and multicomponent falls prevention programmes were also frequently reported. Reports of efficacy were inconsistent for all interventions. Conclusion: Evidence for falls prevention interventions for adults with cognitive impairment is varied and inconclusive. When compared to literature for falls interventions in healthy older adults, both primary and synthesis studies in older adults with cognitive impairment are lacking in quality, number and homogeneity of sample population and interventions. Promising results are emerging but clinical recommendations cannot be made at this time.
Introduction of A pyramidal model based on primary health care: a paradigm for management of 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic.

Primary health care (PHC) as the first level of contact of all individuals, the family and the community with the national health system has a prominent role in response to different health events such as H1N1 pandemic. Regarding the great potentials of PHC and several experiences achieved in previous natural disasters and epidemics in Iran, in this study there is an attempt to propose a pyramidal model to combat against H1N1 pandemic. Pyramidal model puts all key components such as community, NGOs, PHC, hospitals, policy makers together to confront concurrent H1N1 pandemic and other health issues by a comprehensive, integrated and organized approach. This model should be regarded as a continuous, flexible and dynamic solution to pandemics. H1N1 pandemic, as a multi-wave and unpredictable event of the 21st century that involved most countries, threatens communities and confronts hospitals with growing demands of patients for health services. By defining the role of PHC and other important parts of pyramidal models such as community, we can fight against H1N1 pandemic appropriately with the least human and financial resources.
A contrastive study of metadiscourse in English and Arabic linguistics research articles

The present paper analyzes metadiscourse expressions to understand the cultural differences between English and Arabic-speaking researchers. It uses a contrastive corpus of seventy discussion sections of linguistics research articles written by native speakers of English and Arabic. Within metadiscourse there appear to be two types: interactive and interactional. Chi-square tests are carried out to clarify the probable differences between both groups.
Psychosocial, emotional, and neuropsychologic factors influencing compliance and liver transplantation outcomes

Purpose of reviewRecent empirical work is shedding light on patient factors that contribute to patient and graft survival and quality of life (QOL). This review focuses on eight areas that affect patient and graft outcomes in liver transplantation: psychiatric status, QOL, neuropsychologic (eg, cognitive) functioning, coping skills, psychosocial support, knowledge about and attitude toward transplantation, preliver transplantation and postliver transplantation planning, and their effect on compliance and adherence with medical recommendations. Recent findingsPsychiatric difficulties such as depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders are common in liver transplantation candidates. Neurologic and neuropsychologic changes associated with hepatic encephalopathy and cirrhosis have been well documented. Patients’ neuropsychologic functioning and QOL may improve after liver transplantation, but they do not return to normal levels. More severe cirrhosis at the time of transplant is associated with poorer functional outcome after liver transplantation, particularly in patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis. Both psychiatric and neuropsychologic difficulties may make it more difficult for patients to comply with medical recommendations. Compliance improves survival and QOL both before and after liver transplantation. The preliver transplantation evaluation also needs to focus on patients’ caregiving support for the immediate postliver transplantation period, coping style, knowledge and attitude toward transplantation, and planning for transplant related events and expenses, particularly medications, because these factors influence outcomes. SummaryThorough preliver transplantation evaluations of patients’ neuropsychologic, psychosocial, psychiatric, coping, and compliance with medical recommendations may identify problems that can be solved for improved QOL and patient and graft survival after liver transplantation. Several areas needing further research are identified.
A problem-based approach to clinical education in dietetics

Developing the clinical skills and knowledge of dietetic students provides a challenge for both universities and health care agencies. Deakin University has recently adopted a group learning model using problem-based learning to deliver the clinical component of the Master of Nutrition and Dietetics course. This approach was designed to enhance integration of clinical theory and practice, develop closer links between on-campus and off-campus learning environments and provide students with more active learning experiences. The impact of the new approach was evaluated using student questionnaires, academic and competency outcomes, and a focus group convened with hospital supervisors. The evaluation indicated that students generally thought that this method of learning had helped to integrate their basic knowledge with dietetic case management. There was no difference in academic scores from the previous year and an apparent reduction in the number of students requiring additional placement time to mee t competency standards. Hospital supervisors were supportive of the changes, although they had some reservations regarding the time and structure of clinical placements. As a result of this evaluation, recommendations for future development of the program include introducing problem-based learning to students earlier in their course, providing additional placement days during the block and increasing the amount of time dedicated to more complex topics. Based on the evaluation results obtained, this collaborative learning using a problem-based approach will continue to be used in the clinical education program at Deakin University.