Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Particle-Vortex Duality from 3D Bosonization

US Department of Energy (Grant ID: DE-SC0011637), Science and Technology Facilities Council, European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) (GrantID: STG 279943, “Strongly Coupled Systems”), Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Washington
Comparison of Disposable and Metallic Reusable Miller Blades for Tracheal Intubation in Children

Laryngoscopes are the potential cause of cross-contamination between patients. A considerable way to prevent this problem is to use of disposable laryngoscope’s blades. This study was designed to evaluate laryngoscopic conditions in pediatrics with disposable and metallic Miller blades. One hundred and fifty two children scheduled for elective surgery aged 3-12 years were enrolled in this randomized, clinical trial. After induction of anesthesia, patients were randomly intubated with either disposable or metallic reusable Miller blade. During laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, glottic view, brightness of laryngoscopic field, duration of laryngoscopy and satisfaction degree of anesthesiologists was recorded. All patients were successfully intubated. There was significant difference between disposable and metallic Miller blades with respect to brightness of laryngoscopic field. Grade I and II of laryngoscopy in metallic group was significantly different compared to disposable group (66 and 32% vs. 50 and 49%). There was no significant difference between disposable and metallic groups with respect to anesthesiologist satisfaction and duration of laryngoscopy. With respect to successful tracheal intubation of all patients in this trial and the usefulness of disposable laryngoscopes to prevent cross-contamination between patients, Topster disposable laryngoscope can be used under normal intubating conditions in pediatric patients.
Interactions Between Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women and the Health Care System

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects the use of health care by increasing the risk of poor health outcomes. IPV victims seek health services as often as others but are less likely to receive needed services, more likely to overuse services, and more likely to have a poor relationship with their health care provider. This stems from patient and provider barriers to care that are exacerbated by the lack of a clear and consistent health care system response to IPV. Most health care systems are not equipped to assist either victims or providers seeking to help victims. There are a few models of system-wide interventions, but these are not the current standard. A strong health policy framework is needed, but the decision of the U.S. Preventative Task Force not to recommend universal screening is a setback. Overall, there is limited progress in moving the health care system toward assisting IPV victims.
Hepatitis C: Viral Features and Clinical Aspects

Knowledge on hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) has increased since 1989, when the virus was identified and cloned from the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from cells of an experimentally infected chimpanzee with the virus of hepatitis non-A, non-B. Approximately 90% of cases of post-transfusion hepatitis and 50% to 70% of sporadic cases of hepatitis non-A and non-B were caused by HCV. Thus, the discovery of this virus has enabled the development of serological diagnosis techniques. In recent years, there have been major advances in the characterization of the molecular structure of HCV, the development of diagnostic tests with high specificity and sensitivity, knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms and improved therapeutic options. The continued study of this disease allowed the characterization of its epidemiology and main routes of transmission. Currently, HCV competes with alcoholic liver disease as the leading cause of chronic liver disease. As shown asymptomatic in most cases, this disease progresses silently for chronicity with a consequent increase in cases of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study reviews the main aspects of the hepatitis C. HCV infection is progressive, silent and causes the patient serious complications such as cirrhosis and HCC, and brings high costs to the government. Therefore, given the diversity of problems caused by epidemic HCV, this study is essential to new discoveries about this health problem.
Positive and negative emotional verbal stimuli elicit activity in the left amygdala

The human amygdala's involvement in negative emotion is well established, but relatively little is known regarding its role in positive emotion. Here we examined the neural response to emotionally positive, negative, and neutral words using fMRI. Relative to neutral words, positive and negative emotional words elicited greater activity in the left amygdala. Positive but not negative words elicited activity in dorsal and ventral striatal regions which have been linked in previous neuroimaging studies to reward and positive affect, including caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and accumbens. These findings provide the first direct evidence that the amygdala is involved in emotional reactions elicited by both positive and negative emotional words, and further indicate that positive words additionally activate brain regions related to reward.
Higher pitch in BT is not universal: acoustic evidence from Quiche Mayan

ABSTRACT Although higher pitch has been described as a universal feature of babytalk (BT) registers worldwide, analysis of a sample of three Quiche Mayan-speaking mothers addressing their infant children indicated that their BT register does not utilize this feature. Quiche mothers either make no pitch distinction in speech to young children, or actually lower pitch slightly in comparison with their Adult–Adult interaction style. A comparison group of American mothers raised pitch 35–70 Hz when addressing infants of the same age and language maturity. We posit that pitch-raising strategies may be sociolinguistically determined and may serve different functions across languages.
Analytical Perspectives on Mergers and Acquisitions: A Survey

The aim of this paper is to supply the reader with a survey of the most widely debated issues related to mergers and acquisitions. We review the existing theoretical and empirical literature on the causes and consequences of mergers. The bulk of the empirical evidence on the profitability of mergers and on the stock performance of the merging partners shows that mergers are usually unprofitable and that the only group who stand to profit from a merger are the shareholders of the acquired company. This evidence has prompted a variety of theoretical explanations to be put forward as to why mergers occur. We provide a systematic review of such theories. We also analyse the related issue of the consequences of mergers on economic welfare, and review both theories and the empirical work on this issue.
Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained from Clinical Specimens

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections that cause a broad spectrum of diseases. Increasing antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolates is a serious concern in the treatment and control of staphylococcal infections. The knowledge of S. aureus prevalence and the current antimicrobial resistance profile is necessary in selection of appropriate treatment of related infections. Aim and Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus isolates in clinical isolates. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed within six months from October 2012 on 345 S. aureus isolates collected from different clinical specimens from two major hospitals in Shiraz, Southwest Iran. S. aureus isolates were identified using standard microbiological procedure. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined using disk diffusion method in accordance with Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendation. Results: Overall, the most prevalent clinical source of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolation belonged to respiratory specimens. MRSA isolates significantly showed higher antibiotic resistance rates compared to Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates (P <0.001). Despite the differences in relative frequency of MRSA isolates' antibiotic resistance between two hospitals, no statistical differences were estimated. The rate of MSSA isolates' antibiotic resistance between the studied Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained from Clinical Specimens 1 1 1 1 Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie , Hamid Heidari , Reza Khashei , Fatemeh Edalati , 1 1,2* Yalda Malekzadegan , Mohammad Motamedifar 1 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 2 Shiraz, Iran, Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran hospitals are close and only significant differences were seen toward co-trimoxazole (P <0.05). Moreover, molecular characteristics were associated with specific isolation sites and antibiotic resistance trends. Conclusion: Demonstrated association of some clinical sources with higher rates of MRSA isolation and unique antibiotics trends and also association with their molecular background can help healthcare facilities manage efficient infection control policies.
Convection under rotation for Prandtl numbers near 1: Küppers-Lortz instability

The K{umlt u}ppers-Lortz (KL) instability in Rayleigh-B{acute e}nard convection rotated about a vertical axis was studied experimentally using optical-shadowgraph imaging in the rotating frame for dimensionless rotation rates 6{lt}{Omega}{lt}20. Two cylindrical convection cells with radius-to-height ratios {Gamma}=40 and 23 were used. The cells contained CO{sub 2} at 33.1 bar and 16.6 bar with Prandtl numbers {sigma}=0.93 and {sigma}=0.83, respectively. Numerical solutions of the Boussinesq equations with parameter values corresponding to the experiments were obtained for comparison. For {Gamma}=40 and 8{lt}{Omega}{lt}10.5, the initial pattern above onset was time dependent. Its dynamics revealed a mixture of sidewall-nucleated domain-wall motion characteristic of the KL instability and of dislocation-defect motion. For {Omega}{gt}10.5, spontaneous formation of KL domain walls away from the sidewall was observed. For 8{lt}{Omega}{lt}12, there were differences between the two cells very close to onset, but for {epsilon}{approx_gt}0.02 the systems were qualitatively similar. For {Omega}{approx_gt}12 there was no qualitative difference in the behavior of the two cells at any {epsilon}. The average size of a domain containing rolls of approximately the same orientation decreased with increasing {Omega}, and the time dependence speeded up and became dominated by domain-wall propagation. The numerical solutions were qualitatively similar, although there was a tendency for themore » domains to be larger at the same {epsilon} and {Omega}. The replacement of domains of one orientation by those with another led to a rotation in Fourier space which was characterized by a rotation frequency {omega}{sub a} in the frame rotating at angular velocity {Omega}. Quantitative experimental measurements of {omega}{sub a}, of a correlation length {xi}, and of a domain-switching angle {Theta}{sub s} as functions of {epsilon}{equivalent_to}{Delta}T/{Delta}T{sub c}{minus}1 and {Omega} are presented. For 13{approx_lt}{Omega}{approx_lt}18, {Theta}{sub s} was independent of {Omega} and close to 58{degree}. We computed the angle of maximum growth rate {Theta}{sub KL} of KL perturbations, and found it to be 43{degree}, distinctly different from {Theta}{sub s}. The results for {omega}{sub a}({epsilon},{Omega}) over the range 13{approx_lt}{Omega}{approx_lt}20 can be collapsed onto a single curve {tilde {omega}}{sub a}({epsilon}){equivalent_to}{omega}{sub a}({epsilon},{Omega})/{omega}{sub r}({Omega}) by applying an {Omega}-dependent factor 1/{omega}{sub r}. Similar collapse can be accomplished for {tilde {xi}}({epsilon})={xi}({epsilon},{Omega})/{xi}{sub r}({Omega}). An analysis of {tilde {omega}}{sub a}({epsilon}) and {tilde {xi}}({epsilon}) in terms of various functional forms is presented. It is difficult to reconcile the {epsilon} dependence of {tilde {omega}}{sub a} and {tilde {xi}} at small {epsilon} with the theoretically expected proportionality to {epsilon} and {epsilon}{sup {minus}1/2}, respectively. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}« less
Metabolic Dysfunction in Familial, but Not Sporadic, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract: Autosomal dominant familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Previous studies have implicated the involvement of metabolic dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis. To further investigate the biochemical features of FALS and sporadic ALS (SALS), we examined SOD activity and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzyme activities in motor cortex (Brodmann area 4), parietal cortex (Brodmann area 40), and cerebellum from control subjects, FALS patients with and without known SOD mutations, SALS patients, and disease controls (Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, diffuse Lewy body disease). Cytosolic SOD activity, predominantly Cu/Zn SOD, was decreased ∼50% in all regions in FALS patients with SOD mutations but was not significantly altered in other patient groups. Marked increases in complex I and II–III activities were seen in FALS patients with SOD mutations but not in SALS patients. We also measured electron transport chain enzyme activities in a transgenic mouse model of FALS. Complex I activity was significantly increased in the forebrain of 60‐day‐old G93A transgenic mice overexpressing human mutant SOD1, relative to levels in transgenic wild‐type animals, supporting the hypothesis that the motor neuron disorder associated with SOD1 mutations involves a defect in mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Signal Anchor Sequence Insertion into the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

We have addressed the question of overlap between the pathways for protein insertion into the outer mitochondrial membrane and import to the matrix compartment, using competition studies in vitro. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the matrix-targeting signal of pre-ornithine carbamyl transferase competed for outer membrane insertion of porin but did not compete for membrane insertion of outer membrane signal anchor-containing proteins. Conversely, however, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the signal anchor sequence of Tom70 competed for import of all proteins examined. Both peptides competed for a step beyond receptor binding. Import of all precursors examined was inhibited by antibodies raised against the import receptor Tom20. Following binding to the surface of the organelle, outer membrane integration of porin was sensitive to depletion of nucleoside triphosphates by apyrase, whereas signal anchor protein insertion was not. The results demonstrate that outer membrane signal anchor insertion overlaps with a general insertion pathway. However, it exhibits both properties and steps that differ from the pathway followed by porin and matrix-targeted protein.
Effect of the Prostaglandin E1 Analog Enisoproston Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Short-term studies have suggested that analogs of prostaglandin E may have favorable effects on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The present study was undertaken to investigate the long-term effects of a prostaglandin E1 analog on the regulation of glycemic control and plasma lipids. Twenty patients with type II diabetes received enisoprost, 300 mcg/day, for three months. Fasting serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin and C-peptide levels as well as triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and its subfractions, apolipoproteins B and AI and post-heparin lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities were determined. During the first month, enisoprost treatment caused significant decreases in plasma glucose (baseline = 8.72 +/- 0.39 mmol/L, 4 week = 7.78 +/- 0.5 mmol/L, change = -0.94 +/- 0.28 mmol/L, p less than 0.01) and total cholesterol (baseline = 5.30 +/- 0.23 mmol/L, 4 week = 5.01 +/- 0.26 mmol/L, change = -0.28 +/- 0.06 mmol/L, p less than 0.05). The decrease in cholesterol level was due to a reduction in high density lipoprotein, specifically in high density lipoprotein2 fraction (baseline = 1.29 +/- 0.1 mmol/L, 4 week = 1.12 +/- 0.08 mmol/L, change = -0.018 +/- 0.04 mmol/L, p less than 0.05 for the former and baseline = 0.40 +/- 0.06 mmol/L, 4 week = 0.27 +/- 0.03 mmol/L, change = -0.12 +/- 0.03 mmol/L, p less than 0.05 for the latter): All of these values returned to the pretreatment levels despite continuation of enisoprost. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spatial determinants of poverty in rural Kenya

This article investigates the link between poverty incidence and geographical conditions within rural locations in Kenya. Evidence from poverty maps for Kenya and other developing countries suggests that poverty and income distribution are not homogenous. We use spatial regression techniques to explore the effects of geographic factors on poverty. Slope, soil type, distance/travel time to public resources, elevation, type of land use, and demographic variables prove to be significant in explaining spatial patterns of poverty. However, differential influence of these and other factors at the location level shows that provinces in Kenya are highly heterogeneous; hence different spatial factors are important in explaining welfare levels in different areas within provinces, suggesting that targeted propoor policies are needed. Policy simulations are conducted to explore the impact of various interventions on location-level poverty levels. Investments in roads and improvements in soil fertility are shown to potentially reduce poverty rates, with differential impacts in different regions.
Fathering moderates the effects of maternal depression on the family process

Abstract Maternal depression negatively impacts children's development, yet few studies have focused on fathering and the family process in cases of maternal depression. A community cohort of married/cohabitating women was recruited on the second postbirth day (N = 1,983) and maternal depression repeatedly assessed across the first year and again at 6 years to form two cohorts: mothers chronically depressed from birth to 6 (N = 46) and nondepressed controls (N = 103). At 6 years, mother–child, father–child, and family interactions were observed. In families of depressed mothers, both mother and father exhibited lower sensitivity and higher intrusiveness, and children displayed lower social engagement during interactions with mother and father. Fathering moderated the effects of maternal depression on the family process. When fathers showed low sensitivity, high intrusiveness, and provided little opportunities for child social engagement, the family process was less cohesive, implying a decrease in the family's harmonious, warm, and collaborative style. However, in cases of high father sensitivity, low intrusiveness, and increased child engagement, the family process was unaffected by maternal depression. Findings describe both comparability and compensatory mechanisms in the effects of fathering on family life when maternal care is deficient, highlight the buffering role of fathers, and underscore the importance of father-focused interventions when mothers are depressed.
How Cyanobacteria Count to 10

Cell-cell communication is crucial for normal development, and diffusible molecules that regulate differentiation have been identified in several eukaryotic organisms. In this issue [Yoon and Golden][1] show that a diffusible inhibitory peptide, PatS, controls pattern formation in a prokaryotic organism, the cyanobacterium Anabaena . Their results, discussed in a Perspective by Haselkorn, provide insight into the mechanisms underlying heterocyst pattern formation and may apply to differentiation in more complex organisms. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/282/5390/935
Comparison of the PI3KCA pathway in circulating tumor cells and corresponding tumor tissue of patients with metastatic breast cancer

The aim of the present study was to compare the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KCA)-AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) pathway in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and corresponding cancerous tissues. Stemness-like circulating tumor cells (slCTCs) and CTCs in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been implicated as the active source of metastatic spread in breast cancer (BC). In this regard, the PI3KCA-AKT signaling pathway was demonstrated to be implicated in and to be frequently mutated in BC. The present study compared this pathway in slCTCs/CTCs in EMT and the corresponding tumor tissues of 90 metastatic BC patients (pts). slCTCs and CTCs in EMT were isolated using the AdnaTest EMT-1/StemCell for the detection of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1) (singleplex PCR) and PI3KCA, AKT2 and twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (multiplex PCR). Tumor tissue was investigated for PI3KCA hotspot mutations using Sanger sequencing of genomic DNA from micro-dissected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, and for the expression of ALDH1 and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss, by immunohistochemistry. slCTCs were identified in 23% of pts (21/90 pts) and CTCs in EMT in 56% (50/90 pts) of pts. pAKT and ALDH1 positivity in tumor tissue was identified in 47 and 9% of cases, respectively, and a PTEN loss was observed in 18% of pts. A significant association was detected between pAKT expression in cancerous tissue and AKT2 expression in CTCs (P=0.037). PI3KCA mutations were detected in 32% of pts, most frequently on exons 21 (55%) and 10 (45%). Pts with PI3KCA mutations in tumor tissue had a significantly longer overall survival than pts with wild-type PI3KCA expression (P=0.007). Similar results were obtained for pts with aberrant PI3KCA signaling in CTCs and/or aberrant signaling in cancerous tissue (P=0.009). Therapy-resistant CTCs, potentially derived from the primary tumor or metastatic tissue, may be eliminated with specific PI3K pathway inhibitors, alone or in combination, to improve the prognosis of metastatic BC pts.
Dermatophytoses in Split and Dalmatia, Croatia, 1996–2002

The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiology of dermatophyte infections in Split and Dalmatia County, Croatia, between 1996 and 2002. Of 5792 samples 1318 (23.8%) were positive. Tinea corporis and tinea cruris were the most common types of dermatophytoses. Microsporum canis (36.5%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (24.8%), and T. rubrum (21.5%) were the main etiologic factors.