Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION ON WIND CHARACTERISTICS FOR A BRIDGE WITHIN A MOUNTAINOUS AREA VIA WIND TUNNEL TEST OF TERRAIN MODEL

Wind tunnel tests of a 1/2200 scale mountainous terrain model have been carried out to investigate local wind characteristics at a bridge site in southeast Tibet, China. Flows past 5 key sites of the bridge at the deck level in 26 directions were measured. Flow was also measured at each pylon at 32 additional different levels in these directions. It was observed that profiles of wind characteristics (including mean wind velocity, overall turbulence intensity, yaw angle and wind attack angle) at each pylon vary significantly depending on the approaching wind direction, and the majority of mean wind profiles cannot be presented by the normal profile. The wind attack angle at the deck level measured in the study fluctuated between -16° and +18°, and mean wind velocity to the reference wind was small when the wind attack angle was large, especially at positive wind attack angles. The design standard wind speed and the minimum critical wind speed for flutter rely on the wind attack angle and should be determined by results of the tests.
Impact of Brassicaceae cover crops on pea root rot (Aphanomyces euteiches) in subsequent peas

The soil-borne pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs is among the greatest threats to pea production world-wide. This pathogen can persist in soil for many years without a host plant and is very difficult to control due to its long-lived oospores and to environmental restrictions on fungicide application. Brassicaceae (brassica) cover crops, which are already used in agricultural cropping systems to reduce nutrient leaching and prevent soil erosion, can also be used to control some soil-borne pathogens. Most brassica plants contain glucosinolates (GSLs) and some hydrolysis products of GSLs, such as isothiocyanates (ITCs), can be highly toxic to soil organisms. Different vegetative parts of the plant and different brassica species contain different GSLs. In his thesis, two brassica species with different GSL profiles, Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba, and the pathogen A. euteiches were used as models in bio-fumigation studies. In vitro experiments showed that volatiles produced from B. juncea shoot tissue strongly inhibited growth of A. euteiches mycelium, while volatiles from S. alba tissue had a weaker effect. However, a direct bioassay following incorporation of fresh brassica tissues into A. euteiches-infected soil showed no suppression of root rot in pea plants. Further in vitro experiments showed that ITC concentration and duration of exposure were both essential factors for the inhibitory effect on the pathogen. Analysis of the initial ITC production from the two brassica species used as models showed different release patterns, with S. alba tissue showing more immediate production of ITCs than B. juncea tissue. There was significant suppression of pea root rot when S. alba was grown for 11 weeks in an A. euteiches-infected soil. ITCs were detected in the rhizosphere of the growing brassica crops and the variety of ITCs produced by S. alba roots appeared to be the main factor for inhibition. Problems can arise in bio-fumigation if beneficial organisms such as N2-fixing bacteria and ammonia-oxidising organisms are also suppressed. However, real-time PCR analysis to quantify gene copies of key enzymes involved in ammonia oxidation and N2 fixation in soil sampled after 10 weeks of cover crop growth showed that the N2-fixing bacterial communities and the ammonia-oxidising bacteria and archaea were not negatively affected by the growing brassicas. When using brassicas to control soil-borne pathogens, important factors are the choice of brassica species, a sufficient concentration of volatile ITCs and exposure for a sufficient period of time, which may require soil covering after brassica tissue incorporation.
Hierarchical Approaches to the Study of Water Quality in RiversSpatial scale and terrestrial processes are important in developing models to translate research results to management practices

and-use change may be the single greatest factor affecting ecological resources. Allan and Flecker (1993), who have identified six major factors threatening the destruction of river ecosystems, state that various transformations of the landscape-hydrologic changes to streams and rivers resulting from changes in land use, habitat alteration, and nonpoint source pollution-are probably the most widespread and potent threats to the well-being of lotic ecosystems. Measures of landscape structure are necessary to monitor change and assess the risks it poses to ecological resources (Graham et al. 1991, Hunsaker et al. 1990). Landscape ecologists seek to better understand the relationships between landscape structure and ecosystem processes at various spatial scales (Forman and Godron 1986, Risser 1987, Turner 1987, 1989). We use the word structure to refer to the spatial relationships of ecosystem characteristics such as vegetation, animal distributions, and soil types. Processes or function refers to the interactions-that is, the flow of energy, materials, and organismsbetween the spatial elements. Because landscapes are spatially het-
Climatic region and vine structure: effect on pinotage wine phenolic composition, total antioxidant capacity and colour

The phenolic composition, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and colour of Pinotage wines of the 2001, 2002 and 2003 vintages were investigated, using spectrophotometric, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), free radical scavenging and objective colour analyses. Grapes were harvested from grapevines in three climatic regions ranging from cool to warm, with bush (20- and 30-cm trunk height) and trellised (30- and 60-cm trunk heights) vine treatments, on several vineyard sites in each climatic area. Climatic region had a significant effect on the content of several phenolic compounds; the concentration of anthocyanin monoglucosides, flavonols, flavan-3-ols and tartaric acid esters of hydroxycinnamic acids generally increased as the climatic region becomes cooler, while concentrations of acylated derivatives and free hydroxycinnamic acids decreased. Wines made from bush vines contained higher concentrations of flavonols, gallic acid and flavan-3-ols than those from trellised vines, but lower concentrations of some anthocyanin monoglucosides and acylated derivatives, as well as non-coloured polymers. These trends resulted in differences in TAC and objective colour parameters, although the different vintages did not show the same trends in all cases. More vintages should therefore be investigated to clarify these effects. Wines from the cool climatic regions and from bush vines were generally darker coloured, with higher TAC than those from the warm climatic regions and bush vines, respectively. High TAC, therefore, coincided with higher colour quality. Variations in TAC were partly explained by trends for individual phenolic compounds, although unknown compounds played a major role.
Price-supply flexibility of wheat market in the Czech Republic

SYROVATKA PAVEL: Price-supply fl exibility of wheat market in the Czech Republic. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 4, pp. 1145–1151 The paper explores of the price-supply fl exibility of the Czech commodity market for food quality wheat in the period 1995–2011. For this analysis, inversion defi nition of the supply function was applied. The model of the inverse supply function in the Czech wheat market was based on the double log-linear construction. The parameters of the given supply model were estimated using OLS-HAC method. The developed regression model of the supply function was statistically tested. Ordinary and dynamic price fl exibility of the wheat supply on the Czech commodity market was determined in relation to the parameters of the developed econometric model. In accordance with the estimations, the ordinary price-supply fl exibility achieved + 0.3492% and the dynamic price-supply fl exibility of the fi rst order was – 0.2210%. Within the interpretation of both estimated coeffi cients of the pricesupply fl exibility, the multi-factor nature of the commodity supply function must be respected. Moreover, it is important to distinguish the short-term and long-term period within the evaluation of the price-supply fl exibility. Czech wheat market, agricultural commodity supply, inverse supply function, regression supply model, price-supply fl exibility
Diversification and Firm Value in New Zealand

We find that diversified firms in New Zealand are associated with a value discount of 35% and that such firms also perform poorly relative to single-segment undiversified firms. We find no link, however, between the lower value of diversified firms and either their poor performance or the presence of agency conflicts. After controlling for endogeneity in the relationship between diversification and firm value, diversification does not explain the cross-sectional variation in the value discount. These findings suggest that performance and value discounts observed for diversified companies in our sample may be related to unobserved firm and industry attributes such as lack of growth opportunities that are systematically related to the decision to diversify rather than to diversification itself.
G-CSF Administration Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing Accompanied With Increased Pro-Hyp Production In db/db Mice

Objective: Impaired wound healing in diabetic patients is a clinical concern. However, exacerbation factors in diabetic wounds are still not clear. Inflammatory cell infiltrates after skin wounding and subsequent healing responses were investigated using diabetic mice. Methods: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), neutrophil infiltration and peptides from degraded collagen in wounded tissue were examined using db/db and wild-type mice. Results: The collagen peptides Pro-Hyp and Hyp-Gly in wounded tissue were quantified. G-CSF was transiently secreted from wounded tissue immediately after excision and then appeared in peripheral blood. G-CSF levels were significantly lower in db/ db mice than in wild-type mice, and neutrophil infiltration into the granulation tissue was lower in db/db mice. In wound tissue, only Pro-Hyp increased during the 7-day study, and Pro-Hyp levels were significantly lower in db/db mice. Wound closure was severely impaired in db/db mice. However, topical recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) administration accelerated healing, accompanied with increased neutrophil infiltration and Pro-Hyp production. Conclusion: The results show that decreased G-CSF secretion in wound tissue may trigger delayed healing in diabetic mice and that topical rhG-CSF administration increased Pro-Hyp production and accelerated healing. Therefore, G-CSF-induced Pro-Hyp may play an important role in wound healing.
Building theories from case study research

- This paper describes the process of inducting theory using case studies from specifying the research questions to reaching closure. Some features of the process, such as problem definition and construct validation, are similar to hypothesis-testing research. Others, such as within-case analysis and replication logic, are unique to the inductive, case-oriented process. Overall, the process described here is highly iterative and tightly linked to data. This research approach is especially appropriate in new topic areas. The resultant theory is often novel, testable, and empirically valid. Finally, framebreaking insights, the tests of good theory (e.g., parsimony, logical coherence), and convincing grounding in the evidence are the key criteria for evaluating this type of research.
Interdecadal changes in the precipitation seasonal cycle over Southern South America and their relationship with surface temperature

The decadal variability in the structure of the annual precipitation cycle over Southern South America (SSA) is analysed with the purpose of investigating whether the lower frequency vari- ability laid bare by annual data is also evident in the annual precipitation structure. Climatic analy- sis shows that the annual cycle plus the semi-annual cycle dominate the annual variability of precip- itation in SSA and represent most of the physical factors responsible for the observed patterns. The percentage of variance explained by the annual cycle shows 2 local maxima, in northwestern Argentina and southern Chile, with opposite phases, summer and winter. The interdecadal analysis of the annual cycle shows 2 areas of relevant variability: one over the central east and the other over the north east. In the first area, there is a positive trend in the variance explained by the first har- monic, indicating that precipitation tends to be better represented by an annual cycle, a fact that might indicate a climatic change in so far as this variable is concerned. In view of global warming, and as a first step towards quantifying the relationship between temperature and precipitation in the region, correlation coefficients are evaluated. The correlation structure of the warmer period 1943-52 generally shows a slight correlation pattern when compared to the 2 colder periods, 1955-64 and 1966-75. In northwestern Argentina, the highest positive correlation coefficients are found at the coldest times in 1955-64, and are probably related to an increase in cloudiness. During summer months (November to February), there is an inverse relationship between precipitation and temperature over most of SSA. That is, warmer/colder summers are associated with precipitation below/above the mean. In autumn and spring months, the correlation is positive in the eastern part of Argentina and Paraguay, and represents well the mechanism of maximum precipitation in this area, which is mainly the result of cyclogenesis. Winter correlation shows a weak positive pattern over SSA and a negative correlation area to the east of the Cordillera de los Andes, which is more intense in spring.
Environment Learning as a Predictor of Mathematics Self - Efficacy and Math Achievement

The conception of the personal capacity of the person by himself, and the ascription of success or failure, depend amongst others on external factors taking place in his close environment, as well as on internal factors depending on him himself. This study tries to explain the achievements in mathematics as an index for success, by environmental factors- class climate in a certain context- the subject of mathematics, as well as, by internal factors- mathematical self efficacy. And this with the goal of checking the connection between emotion expressed in the study environment in a class context in the mathematics lesson and its various dimensions (satisfaction and enjoyment, teacher- student relations, support, tension…), and cognition, expressed- in the present study, in mathematical self efficacy and achievements in mathematics. In the study 900 students of high schools in Israel participated, use was made of a classroom climate questionnaire in the mathematics lesson (Zedan, 2010), and a questionnaire of mathematical self efficacy (Nasser & Birenbaum, 2005). The findings pointed to strong positive correlation between the dimensions of class climate: satisfaction and enjoyment, the teacher's support, rules and instructions, competitiveness and between mathematical self efficacy and achievements in mathematics, and on weak negative- but significant correlations, between the indices of the classroom climate: lack of gender equality, tension and difficulty and between mathematical self efficacy and achievements in mathematics. The findings also pointed out that the dimensions of the class climate explain 50% of the variance in mathematical self efficacy, and explain 18% of the variance in achievements in mathematics. A strong positive correlation was also found, between mathematical self efficacy and achievements in mathematics, mathematical self efficacy explains 25% of the variance in achievements in mathematics. A very interesting finding in the current study is that mathematical self efficacy, which is considered as part of a cognitive theory, is explained to a very high extent, by the class climate prevailing in the mathematics lesson and its emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimensions, a finding supporting the approach seeing in cognition as part of emotion.
The Role of Echocardiography in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic cardiovascular disease and appears in all ethnic groups. HCM is diagnosed on the basis of left ventricular hypertrophy. Echocardiography is a key technique in the diagnosis of HCM, the prognosis of patients with HCM, the management strategy for HCM, and the follow-up of patients with HCM. This review briefly describes and discusses the practical use of established echocardiography techniques and the current and emerging echocardiographic methods that can help physicians in the correct diagnostic and pathophysiological assessment of patients with HCM.
WASTES OF AGROINDUSTRY AN ALTERNATIVE TO DEVELOP BIOPREPARATES WITH PROBIOTIC CAPACITY

The objective of this study was to obtain and characterize three candidate microbial cultures for veterinary probiotics, developed in different substrates on agro-industry wastes. A selection of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, Streptoccus thermophillus) and yeasts of Kluyveromyces fragilis (L-4 UCLV) were used to develop probiotic preparations. The substrates chosen were: molasses (as a source of carbohydrates) and soy milk, whey, torula yeast and orange vinasse (as a source of protein) to obtain a high number of microorganisms and levels of organic acids. The substrates under study were composed of: T1, molasses and soy milk. T2, buttermilk more torula yeast and molasses. T3, orange vinasse and molasses. All the variables were incubated for 24 at 37 ° C. Dry matter, crude and true protein, ether extract, ash, viability and microbial concentration were determined in all treatments (T1, T2 and T3). At the time of incubation, the pH values of all the treatments were lower than 4.22 and at 24 hours it was reduced to 3.86. The values of the dry material and ether extract were higher (P<0.05) in T1; the crude and true protein was higher (P<0.05) in T2; whereas, ash was higher (P<0.05) in T3. But for all the variables the microbial concentration and the viability was higher than 93% and 7.7x107 cfu/mL respectively. The results of the present study showed that byproducts such as: molasses, soy milk, whey, milk yeast and orange vinasse are suitable substrates to develop microorganisms with probiotic capacity and obtain an acceptable probiotic for veterinary use.
The Relationship between CertainEconomic Theories and Dividend Payout Ratio

Purpose:Stock exchange is one of the most important ways of optimal capital allocation in a country, and understanding this market and its elements is an essential factor in capital market development.Investors,as an important element of stock exchange, pursue different goals when investing in the stocks of firms. Different tendencies and incentives of investors for distribution or holding of income leads to different expectations regarding the firm's dividend policy. Also dividend payout and its changes may have different implications for investors and lead to different responses to this phenomenon. The purpose of the present research is to examine the relationship ofdividendpayout ratio to such theories as signaling, agency cost, transaction cost,andtaxclientele theories in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the period 2004-2010. Method:The research is descriptive and the data are collected from TSE and the firms' financial reports. Multivariate regression and synthetic data are used for data analysis, and panel data and related tests (Hausman test, F test, reliability test, etc.) are applied for hypothesis testing. Findings:The results suggest that none of the above theories has any influence on dividend policy. Implications:The present findings can help financial and economic policymakers, capital market decision makers, TSE-listed firms, and individual and corporate investors.
Effects of dietary organic selenium and vitamin E supplementation on post mortem oxidative deterioration in muscles of pigs

Abstract. The effect of feeding high levels of α-tocopherol and organic selenium (Se) to pigs on colour stability and on the susceptibility to oxidative deterioration was investigated. Treatments consisted of supplementation of vitamin E (200 mg/kg diet), organic Se (0.3 mg/kg diet) and both vitamin E and organic Se for the last 60 days to finishing pigs before slaughtering. Longissimus dorsi (LD) and psoas major (PM) muscles were examined after 2 and 7 days of storage on colour stability and on lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde equivalents). Rate of oxidation by Stimulation with Fe2+/ascorbate was also estimated in LD samples obtained post mortem. In PM 7 days post mortem we found differences between control and groups of pigs supplemented with vitamin E and Se on reflectance, but significant differences (P
Analysis of Wealth and Livelihood Capitals in Southern Ethiopia: A Lesson for Policy Makers

Access to different levels and combination of asset has a major influence on choice of livelihood options and wellbeing of households. Knowledge of rural people's access to livelihood capitals would be critical to improve their living standards. Therefore, this study investigated access to livelihood capitals by wealth in southern Ethiopia with evidence from Boloso Sore district. Data was collected from 120 randomly chosen households and analyzed using X 2 test, one-way ANOVA and descriptive statistics. The results indicate that distribution of livelihood capitals in the study area are skewed by wealth showing that the majority of the production resources are owned by small fraction of the smallholders. Access to human (education), financial (credit), natural (land), social (membership to agricultural cooperatives), physical (home, water and farm input) capitals; especially by the poor households, are at best scant. There is a need to address the issue of inequitable access to these assets by wealth so that the poor may be equally benefited. The key strategies to improve their livelihoods are to divert the community from land to non land options and promote diversification strategies while enhancing the access to financial resources.
Assessing Lead Removal from Contaminated Water Using Solid Biomaterials: Charcoal, Coffee, Tea, Fishbone, and Caffeine

Previous research has documented that solid biomaterials such as charcoal or waste coffee and tea have been used to remove heavy metals from contaminated aqueous solutions through adsorption. However, these studies used very low heavy metal concentrations between 10 to 100 ppm. Recently published research work reported that extracts of edible plants and fruits were able to effectively remove lead from contaminated aqueous solution. This paper evaluates the ability of charcoal, un-brewed coffee and tea, fishbone, and caffeine to remove lead from contaminated aqueous solutions. The order of lead removal from 1300 ppm of lead solution is Charcoal (100%) > Tea (97%) > Coffee Ground (88%) > Instant Coffee (83.5%) > Coffee Bean (82%) > Fishbone (76%) > Caffeine (1.3%). These results clearly demonstrate that not all solid biomaterials can adsorb lead and that caffeine, a component of coffee and tea does not participate in the removal of lead from contaminated solutions. Furthermore, the results suggest that two possible processes may be involved in the reactions presented here: adsorption of lead by the solid substrates and precipitation of lead by the solubilized biochemical components of the substrates.