Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
After the Bubble: The Survival and Ownership of Internet Marketplaces for Farmers and Agribusiness

This paper presents a theory of how industry structure and beliefs about Internet marketplace use have driven choice and ownership of marketplaces. The theory's predictions suggest that surviving Internet marketplaces will be those with strong historical linkages in an industry and those owned by or affiliated with major commodity buyers. Comparisons of these predictions with actual outcomes provide validation of the theory. Where predictions differ from results, observations are made as to the nature of the deviations.
Flow and Tracer Transport of a Doublet Well System in an Aquifer with a Circular Inclusion

Steady state flow and tracer transport between an injection well and a pumping well in an aquifer with a circular inclusion are investigated using analytical and numerical techniques. A rigorous solution for the flow and velocity field was obtained. Calculations of transport are based on a particle-tracking technique on the advective field. Tracer breakthrough curves are calculated to study the influence of the location and hydraulic parameters of the circular inclusion. Examples are given to show the resulting impact on of the effective aquifer macroscopic parameters determined from an analysis of doublet flow and tracer tests without considering the presence of the inclusion.
Arab Women: Duality of Deprivation in Decision-making under Patriarchal Authority

This paper addresses the challenges impeding Arab women from fully participating in decision-making processes. A gender-based Dual deprivation is defined, analyzed and diagnosed as vicious and multi-layered circles surrounding women’s abilities to make decisions concerning their own lives on the one hand, and restricting their capacity to delve into established institutional mechanism of decision making, on the other hand. This “dual deprivation” not only isolates women from decision-making processes, even on issues directly impacting their lives, but also denies them the ability to act as agents of change and create an empowering environment, due to women’s absence from decision-making positions. Other challenges addressed include high fertility rates, circumcision, early marriage, domestic violence, and inequitable laws. Employing testimonial interviews with women from various countries in the Arab World, the data offer in-depth analysis of the status of men and women, in relation to decision making in the private and public spheres in Arab societies. Findings show some progress despite its insufficiency, confirming that authority is still patriarchal in Arab countries. The study also shows that as opposed to men, women tend to be more participatory and democratic in their decision-making processes, veering towards ending conflict and favoring dialogue. Other issues addressed include high fertility rates, circumcision, early marriage, domestic violence, and inequitable laws. An action plan regarding social, economic, legislative, cultural, administrative, political, and communicative issues is recommended for women’s empowerment.
Developing Reversal Theory: Some Suggestions for Future Research

Reversal theory has generated research in many different areas of psychology, but in much of this research, the theory has been a tool rather than the topic of the research. The central theme of this paper is the need for greater attention to fundamental research to test the theory itself. In particular, it is argued that there is need for research on the reversal process (and especially on the causes of reversal including frustration and satiation), on motivational states (including behavioral indeterminacy), personality dynamics (including reversibility), and psychodiversity (including microclimate). All these areas, and others, are crying out for research, as is the need to study all four pairs of states and not just the telic-paratelic pair. Reversal theory can also be seen as a representative of the paradigm of “structural phenomenology. ” As an exemplar of this paradigm, reversal theory has much to offer psychology beyond its status as a theory of motivation, emotion and personality.
Case study of a manganese and iron precipitate in a ground-water discharge in Somero, southwestern Finland

A study was made of the mineral and chemical composition of a concentric precipitate formed around a ground-water discharge, where manganese had precipitated before iron. Birnessite was identified in the Mn-rich precipitate and goethite and lepidocrocite in the Ferich precipitate. Lepidocrocite is typically crystallized in hydromorphic soils where Fe is reduced. Ti and Cr are enriched more in the Fe-rich than in the Mn-rich precipitate, while the reverse is true for Ni and Cu. The K/Rb ratio is higher (790—3000) than in common rock types (160—300). This indicates the incorporation of K into the minerals formed, whereas Rb is withheld in the precipitate by adsorption. The total content of REE is increased in the precipitate studied but is lower than in oceanic Mn nodules. The La/Yb ratio is higher than usual in continental rock types, which indicates slower migration of the light REE (La — Sm) than of the heavy (Gd—-Lu). Compared with the other REE, Ce is enriched in many continental oxidates, though not in the young oxidates studied here. Probably because Ce is oxidized to valence 4 + , it is chemically and through adsorption bound more strongly to precipitates than the other REE with valence 3 + and enriched upon partial dissolution. This suggests that the trace element composition of Mn and Fe precipitates largely comes about through the partial dissolution of the original precipitate.
Natural Concentration in Industrial Research Collaboration

Empirical work suggests that the network of research and development alliances is asymmetric, with a small number of firms involved in the majority of partnerships. This paper relates the structure of the collaboration network to a fundamental characteristic of the demand for research output: the benefits of knowledge accumulation create private and social incentives for a concentration of collaborative activities. I theoretically investigate the formation of bilateral collaborative links in two different industry settings, one socially managed, the other oligopolistic. I find that in both cases a concentrated network is the typical equilibrium structure as well as the socially efficient structure.
Management of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Second-Generation Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton

Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate glyphosate timings and use of residual herbicides to control Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) in second-generation glyphosate-resistant cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Glyphosate treatments based on timing were used , in addition to preplant incorporated and postemergence-topical residual herbicides , to determine effective Palmer amaranth management systems. In 2005, complete control (100%) of Palmer amaranth was achieved across all glyphosate postemergence-topical systems. Less than complete control (94 to 98%) was observed with postemergence-directed glyphosate-resistant systems either with or without trifluralin preplant incorporated compared to second-generation glyphosate-resistant postemergence-topical systems. In 2006, similar Palmer amaranth control (95 to 99%) was observed across all second-generation glyphosate-resistant systems following trifluralin preplant incorporated and no benefit was observed from pyrithiobac or S -metolachlor tank-mixed with glyphosate. When trifluralin was not used, pyrithiobac or S -metolachlor tank-mixed with glyphosate early postemergence-topical followed by glyphosate improved control compared to glyphosate alone. Delaying early-season glyphosate applications did not reduce cotton lint yield; however, when no glyphosate was used cotton yields were reduced.
Novel biomarkers to determine neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis

Purpose: The diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is still problematic and finding predictive biomarkers for earlier and better diagnosis is desirable. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between NEC and serum levels of γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), serum Total Bilirubin (TBil) and Calcium (Ca2+). Methods: We collected data from 271 neonates of Han nationality (135 NEC cases, 136 non-NEC cases) admitted in the Xi'an Medical School First Affiliated Hospital from 2005 through 2015 who were of term (37-40 w) within 3 d after birth with normal weight (2500-4000 g) and normal serum ALT, AST. Their medical records of serum GGT, TBil, Ca2+ levels from laboratory tests were retrieved and statistically analysed. Results: A significantly higher level of serum GGT , a significantly lower serum TBil and Ca2+ were found in the NEC neonates when compared with those in the control non-NEC group (P<0.001). In single marker analysis, a cut-off point of 2.075 mmol/L of the Ca2+ gave a sensitivity of 81.6% and a specificity of 77.1% to detect NEC whereas combination of our 3 candidate markers (GGT, TBil, Ca2+) gave a sensitivity of 84.4% and a specificity of 87.5% and achieved the biggest area under the curve (0.908) to detect NEC. Conclusion: Our data strongly suggest higher serum GGT levels, together with lower serum TBil and Ca2+ levels may be valuable biomarkers for NEC, and the combination use of the 3 biomarker candidates could be instructive for NEC diagnosis.
Drivers of spatial change in urban housing submarkets

Spatial urban housing submarkets are now widely used constructs. Recent housing market modelling strategies have emphasised the need for flexibility in modelling approaches in order to best accommodate submarkets which account for spatial variations in hedonic prices. But this raises important unanswered questions concerning the stability of submarket structures over time, and the role of housing market dynamics in breaking down or shifting submarket boundaries. The influence of new supply, in particular, may have a stabilising or destabilising effect on differences in hedonic prices, depending on the wider housing market context. In this paper we examine the temporal influence of new supply, intra‐urban migration and socio‐economic change as a means of understanding the impact of key drivers of submarket boundary change. Using the Greater Perth region of Western Australia as a case study, we estimate income elasticities of demand for housing services that vary spatially within the urban area. We find evidence that higher income elasticities, new development, socio‐economic change and intra‐urban migration are associated with changes in the spatial structure of housing prices within the metropolitan housing market.
Using multi-modal travel and cost analysis to re-evaluate transport disadvantage for the Brisbane metropolitan area

Public transport (PT) has become importance in the travel task in Australian cities. Raising PT fares create a competitive disadvantage against private motor vehicle that are threatening the PT ridership. This paper seeks to gain further insights into transport vulnerability by exploring spatial patterns of household expenditure on PT fares and vehicle fuel in Brisbane metropolitan area. Through an analysis of household travel patterns and transport costs associated with the PT fares and private vehicles, this paper identified household commuting expenditures. The results show that across all suburbs, PT was not a cost-effective means of transport for households compared with private motor vehicle. The paper then compares the combined household trip costs with patterns of suburban socio-economic disadvantage in Brisbane, we demonstrate that the high PT fares exacerbates household exposure to higher transport costs, and compounds other forms of transport disadvantage and vulnerability.
High Frequency Conducted EMI Investigation on Packaging and Modulation for a SiC-Based High Frequency Converter

Silicon carbide (SiC) devices have the advantages of high switching speed and high switching frequency, which can increase the power density, but electromagnetic interference (EMI) will increase along with higher switching frequency thus it can become a challenge for high-frequency converters. In order to clarify the influence factors of EMI noise in SiC converters and find the suppressing method, this paper investigated the conducted EMI in SiC-based high power density electronic systems from two aspects: packaging structures and modulation methods. For packaging investigation, this paper introduced parasitic parameters of power module into EMI analytical model, then defined transfer functions of EMI noise to analyze the influence of parasitic parameters on noise propagation path and further studied the impact of parasitic parameters on noise source by analyzing switching transient and frequency spectrum. Analysis and simulation are carried out based on a hybrid structure SiC power module and discrete SiC devices to verify the analysis. The influence of modulation on EMI is studied by analyzing and comparing two modulations: continuous current modulation (CCM) and triangle current modulation (TCM). To certify the analysis study, two 1.6-kW, 300-kHz switching-frequency synchronous buck converters are designed and tested. One is based on the hybrid packaging power module and the other is based on TO-247 packaged SiC devices, respectively. The result shows that the hybrid packaging module can suppress the common mode (CM) EMI by 10 dB, and has a suppression on differential mode (DM) EMI between 10 and 20 MHz. Moreover, TCM can increase DM EMI in low-frequency range but suppress it in the high-frequency range.
Ultraviolet reflection enhances the risk of predation in a vertebrate

Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individu- als reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice or shoaling decisions. However, whether those body UV-reflections enhance also the conspicuousness to UV-sensitive predators and therefore entail costs for its bearer is less well documented. Two size-matched three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus, one enclosed in a UV-transmitting (UV+) and another in a UV-blocking (UV-) chamber, were simultaneously presented to individual brown trout Salmo trutta. "yearlings". Brown trout of this age are sensitive to the UV part of the electromagnetic spectrum and are natural predators of three-spined sticklebacks. The stickleback that was attacked first as well as the subsequent number of attacks was recorded. Sticklebacks enclosed in the UV-transmitting chamber were attacked first significantly more often compared to stickle- backs enclosed in the UV-blocking chamber. Control experiments using neutral density filters revealed that this was more likely due to UV having an influence on hue perception rather than brightness discrimination. The difference in attack probability cor- responded to the difference in chromatic contrasts between sticklebacks and the experimental background calculated for both the UV+ and UV- conditions in a physiological model of trout colour vision. UV reflections seem to be costly by enhancing the risk of predation due to an increased conspicuousness of prey. This is the first study in a vertebrate, to our knowledge, demonstrating direct predation risk due to UV wavelengths (Current Zoology 59 (2): 151−159, 2013).
A modified method for transformation of Fusarium graminearum

One of the important technical obstacles in the study of many filamentous fungi is the development of efficient transformation system. Transformation of filamentous fungi is difficult because they have a cell wall and for most frequently used approaches preparing of protoplast is necessary. Protoplast preparation is batch-dependent and often frustrating work. In this study, a modified method was introduced for gene transfer to the plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight disease in small grains. This protocol was based on protoplast-PEG method. Age of mycelia, enzymes exposure time and mycelium/enzyme ratio were optimized for the purpose of protoplast preparation. The outcome showed that the best result for protoplast preparation was obtained when 1.5 × 10 5 spores were let germinate for 6 h then exposed to 10 ml of enzyme solution for 3 h. The effect of other parameters that might enhance transformation yields including PEG concentration, DNA quantity and number of protoplasts was also examined. The most efficient condition for transformation involved the use of 10 6 protoplasts, 20 µg DNA and 30% PEG (w/v). In the course of this study, a simple and appropriate modified protocol for transformation of F. graminearum was established. The method introduced is also more economical and faster than other current methods.
Global environmental problems, voluntary action and government intervention

The global community faces several very pressing environmental challenges such as climate change, depletion of the high-sea fisheries, and unprecedented rates of biodiversity loss. Governments are in the process of designing environmental policies to address these problems unilaterally, but also collectively (in the form of international agreements). Meanwhile, private citizens and firms are observed to voluntarily take protective action. Whereas standard game theory would predict that formal government intervention can only provide an extra stimulus for protective action, there are many examples of external interventions decreasing agents' propensity to undertake socially desired activities. This chapter provides an overview of the literature on the circumstances under which formal interventions can crowd out voluntary contributions to the common good. Furthermore, it is discussed how the effectiveness of government intervention may be improved by preserving the agents' intrinsic motivation to contribute to the common good.
Seasonal behavioral patterns of captive alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus): Rut and pre-rut comparisons

Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus), well-known for their musk production, are endemic to western China. Due to historical unrestricted illegal hunting and habitat loss, captive farming has been employed as a means of conserving this endangered species and developing sustainable musk harvesting techniques. For captive animals, an understanding of behavioral characteristics is vital to improve management practices. This study addressed a lack of information regarding the behavioral characteristics of alpine musk deer; specifically daily activity patterns in respect to gender and reproductive season. From August 2002 to January 2003, focal sampling was employed to observe 32 adult captive alpine musk deer (13 females and 19 males), at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm (XMDF), located at Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China. Results indicated that the general behavioral patterns were similar between female and male captive alpine musk deer throughout both reproductive and non-reproductive seasons (rut and pre-rut season). Both male and female alpine musk deer demonstrated tail-pasting behavior during rut season, a previously male-only behavior trait. Female musk deer also rested comparatively more than males during pre-rut season.
Baseline Toxicity of Spiromesifen to Biotype B of Bemisia tabaci in Florida

ABSTRACT Biotype B of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is a worldwide pest of many agronomic and horticultural crops, including tomato. Extensive pesticide use targeting this pest has led to the development of resistance to every major class of insecticides. The baseline toxicity of spiromesifen was established for laboratory susceptible and field collected B tabaci biotype B, populations in Florida in 2005 and 2006, respectively, using a leaf dip bioassay method for 2nd instar. LC50 values for field populations of B. tabaci ranged from 0.63 mg[AI]l-1 to 0.86 mg[AI]l-1 in 2005 and from 0.46 mg[AI]l-1 to 2.08 mg[AI]l-1 in 2006. No population had a RR50 value over 3.5 in either year and the fiducial limits of the LC50 values for the laboratory and field populations overlapped, indicating no differences among them. The laboratory and field baseline toxicity data generated in this study confirmed the susceptibility of field populations of B. tabaci to spiromesifen and will be useful in documenting any future changes in the susceptibility of the whitefly to the insecticide.
Personality and Employee Selection: Credibility Regained

Conceptual and methodological advances on both the predictor and criterion side and several influential meta-analytic reviews have contributed to a resurgence of credibility for personality as a predictor in employee selection. This paper reviews the prior problems with personality as a predictor, summarizes research findings on the effectiveness of personality in selection, and lays out the circumstances under which personality measures are most likely to be useful. The most consistent findings are that personality measures such as integrity and conscientiousness predict contextual and motivational aspects of performance reasonably well. Suggestions for future research on personality in selection are made, and human resource management implications of personality-based selection are discussed.
Determinants of Rural Household Poverty Across Agro-Ecology in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Evidence from Yilmana Densa Woreda

In Ethiopia, poverty eradication is the central development agenda. Studies regarding to determinants of household poverty support the poverty reduction policies to bring sustainable development. The result revealed that the poverty head count ratio (62.3%), poverty gap (18.9%) and severity (5.8%) in Yilmana Densa woreda is higher than the national and regional rate. The model result revealed that educational status, cost of agricultural inputs, agro-ecology, and land and livestock ownership, saving culture and size of rented land were negatively and significantly related with household poverty. Whereas, family size, health status and inefficient labour force utilization were positively and significantly related with household poverty. The poverty head count ratio, gap and severity of Kola agro-ecology is higher than Dega and Woina-Dega agro- ecologies. Therefore, policy makers should design poverty reduction strategies based on agro-ecology difference to bring long lasting solution to household poverty which aims to bring sustainable development. Keywords : poverty, binary logit, agro-ecology, farm household, development, sustainable