Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circuit weight training in cardiac patients: determining optimal workloads for safety and energy expenditure.

BACKGROUND While most studies suggest circuit weight training (CWT) to be safe in cardiac rehabilitation populations, few investigators have controlled variables known to impact CWT intensity. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to determine the energy cost and evaluate safety of cardiac patients while varying rest interval duration and lifting load in a CWT format. METHODS Nine male subjects with documented coronary artery disease had maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), one-repetition maximum (1-RM), and body composition tested. In random order and on separate days, 4 CWT sessions using either 40% or 60% of the 1-RM, and either 30 or 60 seconds of rest between stations were completed. Energy cost, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and rate-pressure product (RPP) were measured. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures analysis of variance, and Tukey's post-hoc test was performed when significant results were found. The alpha level was set at < . 05. RESULTS Subjects exercised at 25% to 32% of VO2max (58%-67% of HRmax) during CWT. The HR and RPP responses were lower during all CWT protocols than at 85% of the treadmill VO2max. No subject displayed any ST-segment depression or angina during CWT. The 40%-60-second protocol had an energy cost (2.98 kcal/min) that was lower (P < .05) than the other protocols (3.48-3.81 kcal/min). Increasing the lifting load resulted in increases (P < .05) in energy cost, and decreasing the rest interval increased energy cost only during the 40% 1-RM protocols. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that CWT protocols of varied intensity are safe for cardiac patients when compared to treadmill exercise, and changes in rest interval duration and load can impact the energy cost.
Biochemical Analysis of Cybrids Expressing Mitochondrial DNA from Contursi Kindred Parkinson's Subjects

Complex I activity is reduced in cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines that contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This implies that mtDNA aberration occurs in sporadic PD. To assess the integrity of mtDNA in autosomal dominant PD arising from mutation of the alpha-synuclein gene, we transferred mitochondrial genes from PD-affected members of the Italian-American Contursi kindred to cells previously depleted of their endogenous mtDNA. Unlike cybrid cell lines expressing mtDNA from persons with sporadic or maternally inherited PD, the resultant Contursi cybrid lines did not manifest complex I deficiency, indicating that in Contursi PD mtDNA integrity is relatively preserved. Compared to control cybrids, however, Contursi cybrid lines did show some evidence of oxidative stress. For reasons that are unclear, at least a limited amount of mtDNA damage may nevertheless develop in PD patients with alpha-synuclein mutation.
Color duplex measurement of cerebral blood flow volume in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Global cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important yet largely unknown quantity in the treatment of neurological intensive care patients. Color duplex sonography of the extracranial cerebral arteries can be used to measure global CBF volume directly at the bedside. To establish reference data on global CBF volume and to test the influence of sex and age on this parameter, a prospective study was performed in a group of 78 healthy adults aged 20 to 85 years (39 women, 39 men; mean age, 52+/-19 years in either sex). METHODS The common, external, and internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries were examined with the use of a 7.0-MHz transducer of a computed sonography system. Angle-corrected time-averaged flow velocity and the diameter of the vessel were measured. Intravascular flow volumes were calculated as the product of angle-corrected time-averaged flow velocity and the cross-sectional area of the circular vessel. CBF volume was determined as the sum of flow volumes in the internal carotid and vertebral arteries of both sides. RESULTS From 20 to 85 years of age, CBF volume decreased significantly (P</=0.0001), on average by approximately 3 mL/min per year. There were no sex-linked differences in CBF volume. The mean relative contributions of the internal carotid artery and the vertebral arteries to global CBF volume remained constant with age (76% versus 24%). The reference data on CBF volume established for the groups aged 20 to 39 years, 40 to 59 years, and 60 to 85 years were 727+/-102, 656+/-121, and 603+/-106 mL/min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here provide additional information on the natural development of global cerebral perfusion in "benign aging. " CBF volume reference data for different age groups were also established. These data provide a basis for the clinical application of CBF volume measurements at the bedside, especially in the monitoring of CBF volume in neurological intensive care patients.
Adams representability in triangulated categories

Los teoremas de representabilidad son fundamentales en teoria de homotopia y algebra homologica. En esta tesis se estudia el problema de representar funtores cohomologicos definidos en la subcategoria plena de los objetos k-compactos T(k) de una categoria triangulada T, donde k es un cardinal regular. La importancia de la validez de la k-representabilidad en categorias trianguladas ha sido puesta de manifiesto recientemente por Neeman y Rosický. En la tesis se imponen condiciones a T para la validez de la k-representabilidad de Adams para cardinales no numerables. Para el primer cardinal k no numerable, demostramos que si T es k-compactamente generada y T(k) tiene cardinalidad igual o inferior a k, entonces T satisface la k-representabilidad para objetos. Tambien vemos que este resultado es aplicable a la categoria derivada de un anillo de cardinalidad k y a la categoria motivica estable de un esquema noetheriano con un recubrimiento por abiertos afines con anillos de cardinalidad inferior o igual a k, entre otras.
The relationship between general health and coping style with perceived stress in primigravida healthy pregnant women: Using the PATH model

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze relationships among general health, coping style, and perceived stress in healthy primigravida pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was conducted at public health clinics in Hamadan city, Iran between July and December 2015. In total, 380 pregnant women were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory and General Health Questionnaire. Perceived stress was assessed through an interview comprised of open-ended questions. The final PATH model fit well; general health (β = 0.02) as well as anxiety and sleep disorders (β = 0.03) were slightly directly associated with perceived stress, and only planning–preparation was related to perceived stress through general health (β = 0.09). The findings enhance the knowledge gained from previous perinatal stress research. General health status was directly related to stress, and coping style was indirectly related to stress. Coping styles may mediate the relationship between general health status and perceived stress, suggesting that midwives should attempt to improve the general health of women to reduce stress and its consequences during pregnancy by teaching patients appropriate coping styles. Further studies on the effect of coping style interventions on stress are warranted.
Effect of Financial Inclusion on Financial Performance of Banks Listed At the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya

This study sought to determine the effect of financial literacy programs, usage of agents and representatives, increased proliferation of ATMs and Mobile banking services on the financial performance of listed banks in Kenya and to determine the effect of bank branch spread on performance of listed banks in Kenya. The main theories reviewed in this study were the Grameen Model of Banking, Bank Led Theory, Financial intermediation theory and Contemporary Banking Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design, and the study population included management and operational level employees of the 11 banks listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. A census study was conducted with primary data being collected using questionnaires. The NIC Bank provided data for pilot testing to determine the reliability and validity of the research instruments. The analysis of data based on SPSS software (version 2.3) and regression analysis presented using charts and tables. The results of the studied determined that financial inclusion elements have a positive and strong impact on the financial performance of banks in terms of return on equity. The study determined that financial literacy programs have positive but weak impact on financial performance of banks. The use of agents and representatives had positive and strong effect on performance of banks. The proliferation of ATMs and Mobile banking services had positive but weak effect on financial performance of banks. Bank branch spread had positive but weak effect on financial performance of banks. The study recommends that policy makers in the financial institutions such as banks should make use of financial inclusion elements to improve financial performance of banks. The study recommends further research using moderating and intervening variables such as size and ownership of business entity.
Acquired prolactin deficiency (APD) after treatment for Cushing's disease is a reliable marker of irreversible severe GHD but does not reflect disease status

objective We have previously reported that acquired prolactin deficiency (APD) is a marker for severe hypopituitarism and observed a high prevalence of APD in patients treated for Cushing's disease. Recovery of GH secretion is recognized to occur in a proportion of patients treated for Cushing's disease after the effects of glucocorticoid excess on GH secretion have subsided. The aim of this study was to investigate further the association between APD, treated Cushing's disease and, in particular, to determine whether recovery of GH secretion may occur in these patients.
Seasonal and Geographic Variation of Pediatric Malaria in Burundi: 2011 to 2012

We analyzed hospitalization records from 2011 to 2012 to examine the spatial patterns of pediatric malaria in Burundi. Malaria case data for those below the age of five years were categorized according to the four principal seasons of Burundi, which are two rainy seasons (February to May; September to November) and two dry seasons (June to August; December to January). The Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was used to examine seasonal spatial patterns of pediatric malaria, whereas geographically weighted regression (GWR) were used to examine the potential role of environmental variables on the spatial patterns of cases. There were a total of 19,890 pediatric malaria cases reported during the study period. The incidence among males was higher than that among females; and it was higher in rural districts. The seasonal incidence peaks occurred in the northern half of the country during the wet season while during the dry season, incidence was higher in southern Burundi. Elevation played a greater role in explaining variance in the prevalence of pediatric malaria during seasonal peaks than rainfall. The counterintuitive finding in northern Burundi confirms previous findings and suggests other factors (e.g., land cover/land use) facilitate the persistence of the mosquito population in the highlands of Africa.
The impact of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, proportion of independent commissioner, and intellectual capital on financial distress

Financial distress is a phase of the decline in the financial condition experienced by a company before the bankruptcy or liquidation occurs. One of the causes of financial distress is the company’s operating losses, caused its operating cash flow to be negative. During 2014-2016, there was 24 percent of manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) that has a negative pretax profit. The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, the proportion of independent commissioner board, and intellectual capital on financial distress. The population of this research is all of manufacturing companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) on 2014-2016. The sample was taken using a non-probability sampling with a saturated sample technique. The numbers of samples analyzed were 423 financial reports of manufacturing companies published on IDX during 2014-2016. The analysis technique used in this research is multinomial logistic regression. It was found that managerial ownership has a negative effect on financial distress, institutional ownership has a negative effect on financial distress, proportion of independent commissioner has a positive effect on financial distress, and intellectual capital has a negative effect on financial distress.
Reversibility of Photosynthetic Inhibition in Cotton after Long-Term Exposure to Elevated CO(2) Concentrations.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Stoneville 213) was grown at 350 and 1000 microliters per liter CO(2). The plants grown at elevated CO(2) concentrations contained large starch pools and showed initial symptoms of visible physical damage. Photosynthetic rates were lower than expected based on instantaneous exposure to high CO(2). A group of plants grown at 1000 microliters per liter CO(2) was switched to 350 microliters per liter CO(2). Starch pools and photosynthetic rates were monitored in the switched plants and in the two unswitched control groups. Photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area recovered to the level of the 350 microliters per liter CO(2) grown control group within four to five days. To assess only nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis, a measure of photosynthetic efficiencies was calculated (moles CO(2) fixed per square meter per second per mole intercellular CO(2)). Photosynthetic efficiency also recovered to the levels of the 350 microliters per liter CO(2) grown controls within three to four days.Recovery was correlated to a rapid depletion of the starch pool, indicating that the inhibition of photosynthesis is primarily a result of feedback inhibition. However, complete recovery may involve the repair of damage to the chloroplasts caused by excessive starch accumulation. The rapid and complete reversal of photosynthetic inhibition suggests that the appearance of large, strong sinks at certain developmental stages could result in reduction of the large starch accumulations and that photosynthetic rates could recover to near the theoretical capacity during periods of high photosynthate demand.
FISH characterization of a dicentric Yq (p11.32) isochromosome in an azoospermic male

The most common structural rearrangements of the Y chromosome result in the production of dicentrics. In this work, we analyze an abnormal Y chromosome, detected as a mosaic in an azoospermic male ascertained for infertility. FISH with seven different DNA probes specific for Y chromosome sequences (Y α‐satellite, Y α‐satellite III, non‐α‐satellite centromeric Y, SRY gene, subtelomeric Yp, subtelomeric Yq, and PNA‐tel) and CGH analysis were performed. FISH results showed that the abnormal Y chromosome was a dicentric Yq isochromosome and that the breakpoint was distally in band Yp11.32. Lymphocyte chromosomes showed a mosaicism with 46,X,idicY(qter→p11.32::p11.32→qter) (51.7%), 46,XY (45.6%), and other cell lines (2.7%). In oral interphase cells, the mosaicism was 46,XidicY (62.8%), 46,XY (25.7%), 45,X (6.6%), and others (4.9%). The possible origin of this dicentric Yq isochromosome is discussed. Finally, we compare differences in mosaicism and phenotype among three reported cases with the breakpoint at Yp11.32 © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pre-Reordering for Neural Machine Translation: Helpful or Harmful?

Abstract Pre-reordering, a preprocessing to make the source-side word orders close to those of the target side, has been proven very helpful for statistical machine translation (SMT) in improving translation quality. However, is it the case in neural machine translation (NMT)? In this paper, we firstly investigate the impact of pre-reordered source-side data on NMT, and then propose to incorporate features for the pre-reordering model in SMT as input factors into NMT (factored NMT). The features, namely parts-of-speech (POS), word class and reordered index, are encoded as feature vectors and concatenated to the word embeddings to provide extra knowledge for NMT. Pre-reordering experiments conducted on Japanese↔English and Chinese↔English show that pre-reordering the source-side data for NMT is redundant and NMT models trained on pre-reordered data deteriorate translation performance. However, factored NMT using SMT-based pre-reordering features on Japanese→English and Chinese→English is beneficial and can further improve by 4.48 and 5.89 relative BLEU points, respectively, compared to the baseline NMT system.
Comparison of the Performances of Different Geared Brushless-DC Motor Drives for Electric Bicycles

In this paper, we compare the technical performance of geared brushless-dc motor electric bicycle drive systems with both self-control mode and hysteresis-band (direct torque) control, where the operating cycle profiles used are based on actual road tests. In most cases, for a given gear ratio, hysteresis- band (direct-torque) control gives a better efficiency than self- control mode. However, with self-control, higher gear ratios can be used to increase the drive efficiency, where a drive with hysteresis-band control could not deliver the torque-speed combinations required by the riding profile. Furthermore, the improvement of the efficiency with use of a high-speed instead of a high-torque motor with a larger gear ratio or of increased battery voltage is not very significant, but comes with much larger physical dimensions of the gear.
A Start-Up’s R&D Stages and the Evolution of Financing Sources: Evidence from the Biotechnology Industry

Abstract The co-existence of angel, independent venture capital (IVC), and corporate venture capital (CVC) in the entrepreneurial finance market raises a natural question of why a start-up finances its projects from one source over another. This question becomes more complicated to address because a start-up grows or declines dynamically. Using a life cycle theory of entrepreneurial finance, which suggests that a start-up uses several financing sources as it reaches certain thresholds in its life cycle accordingly, I explore this selection issue with my dataset on 113 biopharmaceutical start-ups. I find that these start-ups tend to finance their projects mostly from solely IVCs or CVCs rather than angels and syndicated investors combining IVCs and CVCs when they have more preclinical and phase I products in their R&D pipelines; and from CVCs or syndicated investors rather than angels and IVCs when they do more phase II and phase III products.
Preparing Patients for Colorectal Cancer Screening : Enhancing Bowel Preparation

This continuing education (CE) activity has been designated to meet the educational needs of gastroenterology nurses, nurse practitioners in gastroenterology specialties, and other health care professionals with an interest in bowel preparation prior to CRC screening. • CE Approval Period: May 1, 2013 through May 31, 2014 • Time to complete this activity: 1.6 hours • Participants will earn 1.6 contact hours/ 1.6 advanced pharmacology hours.
Daily Activities of College Students and the Construct Validity of the Jenkins Activity Survey

&NA; To examine the everyday behavioral correlates of Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) scores, 70 college students recorded the nature of their activities for 1 week. Several behavioral differences between individuals classified as Type A and Type B on the basis of JAS scores were observed. These differences were consistent with most definitions of the Type A behavior pattern. Type As spent more time in class, studying, and participating in religious services and less time socializing with friends than Type Bs. Type A individuals were more likely to be fraternity or sorority members and to report higher career aspirations than Type Bs. The degree to which Type As' diligent school‐related behavior could be attributed to greater academic demands was examined. It is proposed that the JAS may provide a better index of a personality predisposition to exhibit coronary‐prone behavior given the appropriate circumstances than an index of coronary‐prone behavior per se.
Prostatic Intra‐Epithelial Neoplasia and Early Invasion in Prostate Cancer

Prostatic intra‐epithelial neoplasia (PIN, or intraductal dysplasia) is considered a precursor of invasive carcinoma, characterized by proliferation and anaplasia of cells lining prostatic ducts and acini. The highest grade of PIN, Grade 3, is thought to represent carcinoma in situ. To quantitate the degree of disruption of the basal cell layer in human prostatic ducts and acini as a potential marker of early invasion in PIN, a monoclonal antibody to keratin proteins of 49, 51, 57, and 66 kd which selectively labels the prostatic basal cell layer was used. A total of 1093 acini with PIN were identified in 14 cases with invasive carcinoma. Tumor cells consistently failed to be decorated with this antibody. The frequency of disruption of the basal cell layer increased with increasing grades of PIN, with disruption present in 0.7% of cases of PIN 1, 15% of cases of PIN 2, and 56% of cases of PIN 3. The amount of disruption of the basal cell layer also increased with increasing grades of PIN, with loss of more than one third of the basal layer in 52% of foci of PIN 3 compared with less than 2% in lower grades of PIN. Disruption of the basal layer was more common in acini adjacent to invasive carcinoma than in distant acini. These findings suggest that early invasion in prostate cancer is characterized by disruption of the basal layer, and that invasion occurs commonly in association with foci of high‐grade prostatic intra‐epithelial neoplasia. Cancer 59:788‐794, 1987.
Most people are not economists: Citizen preferences for corporate taxation

On what bases should corporations be taxed? This article presents evidence from a series of discrete choice experiments designed to elicit the tax preferences of ordinary citizens. We find that respondents favour higher taxes on more profitable companies, but not high enough to make taxes progressive. Moreover, respondents prefer higher taxes on more internationally mobile companies, which is at odds with well-known results from optimal tax theory. The experiments were conducted in Tanzania, making this result all the more striking as developing countries are particularly sensitive to location decisions of corporations. We also find that citizens favour lower taxes on companies that have more local employees, and higher taxes on foreign owned companies compared to domestic ones. The latter result is not due to perceived differences in local or foreign employment or other local impacts, suggesting a strong home bias in respondent preferences. Furthermore, we find significant gender differences. Men appear more efficiency oriented in their tax preferences. Both men and women are primarily in favour of companies that offer employment to their own gender, and male respondents focus more on job growth than on job security. The results have important implications for debates on the legitimacy of tax policies.