Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the Management of Persons Infected With HIV : 2013 Update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Judith A. Aberg, Joel E. Gallant, Khalil G. Ghanem, Patricia Emmanuel, Barry S. Zingman, and Michael A. Horberg Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York; Southwest CARE Center, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Health, Tampa; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York; and Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland
Dynamic Arbitrageurs’ Long-Run Impacts on Convertible Bond Issuers’ Stock Prices

I examine convertible bond arbitrageurs’ long-run impact on convertible bond issuers’ stock prices. I find a negative relation between arbitrage activity around convertible bond issues and convertible bond issuers’ long-run stock returns. Average three-year holding period return of convertible bond issuers with no-arbitrage activity around their convertible bond issues is two times larger than that of convertible bond issuers with arbitrage activity around their convertible bond issues. Overall, I show that convertible bond arbitrageurs’ price impact is not limited to short-term [1], but it also has a long-term component.
Excluded volume in the configurational distribution of a strongly‐denatured protein

The configurational distribution of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) strongly‐denatured in 4M guanidine hydrochloride solution is investigated using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) and Monte Carlo computer simulation. It is shown that the experimental scattering profile can be represented by a random flexible chain of spheres of excess scattering density with excluded volume interactions, the best agreement being achieved when partial sphere intersection is allowed. The radius of gyration of the chain increases by a factor of 4 on denaturation, whereas the average length of segments ˜5 residues long increases by only ˜10%, consistent with a picture in which the large expansion on denaturation originates primarily from increased long‐range flexibility of the polypeptide chain. The results provide a description of the chain statistics from which the construction of starting points for simulation studies of folding of the protein can be envisaged.
Comprehensive metabolite pro fi ling of Arum palaestinum ( Araceae ) leaves by using liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry

Article history: Received 3 December 2014 Accepted 27 January 2015 Available online 3 February 2015 Chemical compounds studied in this article: Verproside (PubChem CID: 12000799) Lucenin II (PubChem CID: 442615) Vicenin II (PubChem CID: 442664) Caffeoylshikimic acid (PubChem CID: 6124136) Isovitexin (PubChem CID: 162350) Orientin (PubChem CID: 5281675) Rosemarinic acid (PubChem CID: 5315615) [6]-Shogaol (PubChem CID: 5281794) Gingerglycolipid A (PubChem CID: 6450152) Dihydrocapsiate (PubChem CID: 9873754)
South African measles outbreak 2009 - 2010 as experienced by a paediatric hospital.

INTRODUCTION Between 2009 and 2010, South Africa experienced a major measles outbreak, with more than 18 000 confirmed cases reported to the National Institute of Communicable Diseases. METHODS We studied measles admissions during the outbreak to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, between 1 November 2009 and 31 July 2010. Factors associated with mortality were retrospectively identified from notification records and hospital admissions data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate potential risk factors for death. RESULTS In total, 1 861 children were diagnosed with measles; 552 (30%) were admitted to hospital. The most common reason for admission was pneumonia (379 (68%)) and/or diarrhoea (262 (48%)). The median age at admission was 7.36 months (interquartile range (IQR) 5.0 - 10.7). The median duration of admission was 4 days (IQR 2 - 6); total hospital admission time was 3 746 days (10.3 child-years). HIV status was known in 404 (73%) children: 39/400 (14%) were HIV-infected. Eighteen children died (3% of all admissions); 15 (83%) of them were less than 1 year old. In the regression model, HIV-infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.27 - 25.12) and female sex (aOR 3.86, 95% CI 1.26 - 11.84) were associated with higher odds of death. CONCLUSIONS There was a large paediatric admission burden during the 2009 - 2010 measles outbreak in Cape Town; young children were predominantly affected. HIV-infected children had a significantly higher case fatality.
The effect of erythropoietin in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of motor and sensory function in patients with acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) after recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) treatment. The safety and efficacy of EPO for ASCI was discussed as well. Methods: The clinical data of 60 ASCI cases were analyzed in a retrospective manner, in which EPO-treated therapy group (n=30) and the EPO-untreated group (n=30) were included. The neurological function of each patient at admission, twelve and twenty-fourth months were reviewed. The adverse events were recorded as well. Results: All of the 60 patients were followed up for 2~3 years (average 2.4 years) after treatment. The follow-up of both groups showed that the patients in the therapy group had a better improvement in the AIS and ASIA motor score and more sensation of touch than the control group (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference regarding the red blood cell count and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration between therapy group and control group was found (P>0.05). Conclusion: EPO is a safe and effective drug for treating ASCI. Early application of EPO can promote the recovery of the motor and sensory function in patients with ASCI.
The design of a high gain dual-polarized quad-ridged circular horn antenna for wideband EMC test applications

─ This paper presents the design of a high gain broadband quadruple-ridged circular horn antenna for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) testing. The proposed antenna contains a wideband feed structure as a transition between coaxial line and quad-ridged circular waveguide behind the conical horn antenna. The wideband matching between impedances at the apertures of the feed and the horn is achieved with a tapering at the flare section along the horn length, which is obtained after a detailed investigation of various tapering profiles. The antenna is designed to operate in horizontal and vertical polarizations (dual linear polarization) simultaneously in EMC tests. This implementation is found to present a return loss greater than 10 dB, isolation level higher than 28 dB, high-gain (minimum 13.6 dBi) and low-gain variation of 4.5 dBi within the frequency range of 1-6.75 GHz (6.75:1 bandwidth) at both polarizations, which is a desired feature in radiated emission and immunity tests. Index Terms ─ Circular horn antenna, dual polarization, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), quad-ridged circular waveguide, wideband antenna.
Assessment of Novel Sire Lines for Meat Quality Traits

The aim of this project was to investigate whether there is a significant difference in meat eating quality as assessed by shear force, drip loss and pH, between progeny sired by different sire lines crossed with the same dam line. The effects of terminal sire genotype (H line, RN Hampshire; E line, Large White x Pietrain; F line, Large White x Duroc; M line, Duroc x Pietrain) on meat quality characteristics of 91 pigs slaughtered at 104-107kg live weight was measured. Data was analysed using both age at slaughter and hot carcass weight as a covariate. Meat from H line pigs was more tender, had a higher percentage moisture than the other lines and more intramuscular fat than the E and F lines. There was no significant difference between lines for percentage drip loss or percentage chill loss.
ermo-Carboniferous and early Miocene geological evolution of the nternal zones of the Maghrebides – New insights on the western editerranean evolution

Geochemical and geochronological analyses were performed on metamorphic rocks from the footwall of an oceanic unit thrusted onto the North African margin. The footwall is mainly constituted by metamorphosed sediments and interlayered mafic rocks with scarce ultramafic lenses. Major and trace elements geochemistry of the sediments is consistent with a passive margin setting (16.9 < K2O/Na2O < 20.9; 18.2 < Zr/Th < 24.6). U–Pb analyses of detrital zircons indicate that deposition of the sedimentary sequence is younger than 307 ± 7 Ma (2 ) and concur with a provenance of the detritus from the Eastern Meseta and High Atlas of Morocco. The age of a crosscutting orthogneiss (281 ± 4 Ma) further constrains deposition to the upper Carboniferous/lower Permian times (307–281 Ma), in good agreement with the 295 ± 2 Ma age of an interbedded amphibolite. Geochemistry of the mafic and ultramafic rocks displays subduction related features (LILE and LREE enrichments, HFSE depletion). Pb, Sr, Nd and Hf isotopes further indicate a depleted mantle reservoir modified by a continental crust-derived component brought into the mantle during an ancient subduction event. The range of isotopic compositions and geochemical signatures displayed by the Carboniferous mafic rocks suggest they inherited their geochemical characteristics during melting of a heterogeneous lithospheric mantle containing variable metasomatic additions. Geochronological results indicate that the HT metamorphic evolution of this upper Paleozoic sequence resulted from two distinct events, each followed by fast cooling. The first one, dated at 20.85 ± 0.34 Ma (2 ), followed HP metamorphism and thrusting of the Kef Lakhal oceanic complex onto the Northern margin of Africa. The second event occurred at 17.65 ± 0.46 Ma (2 ) and is coeval with exhumation and anatexis of the lower crustal units of the neighbouring Edough dome. Fast cooling of the footwall rocks, through the closure temperatures of muscovite and biotite, occurred synchronously at 16.94 ± 0.10 Ma (2 ) and 17.02 ± 0.19 Ma (2 ) respectively. This study documents a further example of the complex history recorded by rocks of the Peri-Mediterranean area that contains an imbrication of geological units, witnesses of a protracted history related to Permo-Carboniferous and Miocene events. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Preparation of iron Powders by Reduction of Rolling Mill Scale

The objective of this work is the recycling of mill scale formed during the steel hot rolling process with a reducing gas (carbon monoxide) in order to produce iron powder having characteristics required by powder metallurgy. The reduction was carried out at various temperatures (7501050°C) during different times ranging between 40 and 180 min in an atmosphere of pure CO. The produced iron powder was characterized by chemical analysis, x-rays diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. These methods of investigation confirm the presence of iron, graphite and iron carbide (Fe3C) as the products of reactions. The maximum iron content (98.40% Fe) in the iron powder was obtained by reduction of mill scale at 1050°C for 180 min. A reduction annealing under hydrogen makes it possible to decrease carbon and oxygen content of the reduced iron powder up to acceptable values.
Actinic keratosis modelling in mice: A translational study

Background Actinic keratoses (AK) are pre-malignant cutaneous lesions caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation. As AKs lesions are generally accepted to be the initial lesions in a disease continuum that progresses to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), AK lesions have to be treated. They are also the second most common reason for visits to the dermatologist. Several treatments are available but their efficacy still needs to be improved. The UV-B-induced KA lesion mouse model is used in preclinical studies to assess the efficacy of novel molecules, even though it is often more representative of advanced AK or SCC. Objectives Here we report on a translational study, comparing the various stages of AK development in humans and in the UV-B irradiated mouse model, as well as the optimization of photograph acquisition of AK lesions on mouse skin. Methods Human and mouse skin lesions were analysed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Mouse lesions were also assessed using a digital dermatoscope. Results An histological and phenotypic analysis, including p53, Ki67 and CD3 expression detection, performed on human and mouse AK lesions, shows that overall AK modelling in mice is relevant in the clinical situation. Some differences are observed, such as disorganization of keratinocytes of the basal layer and a number of atypical nuclei which are more numerous in human AK, whereas much more pronounced acanthosis is observed in skin lesion in mice. Thanks to this translational study, we are able to select appropriate experimental conditions for establishing either early or advanced stage AK or an SCC model. Furthermore, we optimized photograph acquisition of AK lesions on mouse skin by using a digital dermatoscope which is also used in clinics and allows reproducible photograph acquisition for further reliable assessment of mouse lesions. Use of this camera is illustrated through a pharmacological study assessing the activity of CARAC®. Conclusion These data demonstrate that this mouse model of UV-B-induced skin lesions is predictive for the identification of novel therapeutic treatments for both early and advanced stages of the disease.
Occludin and hydromineral balance in Xenopus laevis

SUMMARY To investigate the response of the tight junction (TJ) protein occludin to environmental change in an anuran amphibian, we examined occludin tissue distribution, immunolocalization and alterations in mRNA expression in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) acclimated to brackish water (BW) conditions (from freshwater to 2‰, 5‰ or 10‰ salt water). Occludin mRNA is widely expressed in Xenopus and is abundant in tissues involved in regulating salt and water balance, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, kidney and urinary bladder. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed strong occludin immunolabelling in the apicolateral region of epithelia lining the GI tract and mRNA expression increased along the longitudinal axis of the gut. In kidney tissue, occludin was differentially expressed on the luminal side of the nephron tubule, appearing in the distal tubules and collecting ducts only. In response to BW acclimation, Xenopus exhibited a significant loss of tissue water as well as salinity-dependent elevations in serum osmolality as a result of increased urea levels followed by elevated serum Na+ and Cl– levels. Tissue-specific alterations in the ionomotive enzyme Na+,K+-ATPase were also observed in Xenopus in response to BW acclimation. Most notably, Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the rectum increased in response to elevated environmental salt concentrations while renal activity decreased. Furthermore, acclimation to BW caused tissue-specific and salinity-dependent alterations in occludin mRNA expression within select Xenopus osmoregulatory organs. Taken together, these studies suggest that alterations in occludin, in conjunction with active transport processes, may contribute to amphibian hydromineral homeostasis during environmental change.
Reduction in gastric cancer mortality by screening based on serum pepsinogen concentration: A case-control study

Objective. Pepsinogen testing is widely used in Japan as a method of screening for gastric cancer. To evaluate the efficacy of this method, a case-control study was conducted in a rural town in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan, where no previous pepsinogen testing had been performed. Material and methods. Three age-and gender-matched control subjects were randomly selected for each of 41 individuals who had died of gastric cancer. The three control subjects were selected from individuals who were living in the same area as the patient when gastric cancer was diagnosed. Results. The odds ratios for death from gastric cancer among control subjects screened within 1 and 2 years before the individuals were diagnosed versus those not screened were 0.238 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.061–0.929), and 0.375 (95% CI: 0.155–0.905), respectively. Conclusions. The study results suggest that gastric cancer screening using the pepsinogen method may reduce mortality from gastric cancer.
Factors Leading to the Success and Failure of Agile Projects Implemented in Traditionally Waterfall Environments

This qualitative study was undertaken to investigate the factors that result in agile project success and failure. The study particularly focused on software projects where agile methods were newly adopted, implying a transition from the Waterfall to a more light-weight and iterative approach. The study was exploratory and deductive in nature, and employed multiple-case studies as research strategy. The target population was Project Management Offices (PMO) that had moved, or attempted to move, from a traditionally waterfall approach, to an agile software development approach. Primary data was collected using semi-structured, observations of meetings and team engagements. Secondary data collected included project documentation, meeting minutes, and formal project communication. This research was aimed at making practitioners and academic researchers aware of the factors that may lead to project failure as well as project success, thereby encouraging them to find and devise coping and mitigating mechanisms to enhance successful agile adoption, use and implementation. The following constructs were identified as success and failure factors in agile project delivery: Culture, Customer Involvement & Mandate, Stakeholder Involvement & Buy-In, Team Structure & Team Logistics, Project Type & Project Planning, and Skill Level & Attitude of Team Members.
Modelling soil map-unit inclusions by Monte Carlo simulation

Abstract Error and uncertainty in spatial databases have gained considerable attention in recent years. The concern is that, as in other computer applications and, indeed, all analyses, poor quality input data will yield even worse output. Various methods for analysis of uncertainty have been developed, but none has been shown to be directly applicable to an actual geographical information system application in the area of natural resources. In spatial data on natural resources in general, and in soils data in particular, a major cause of error is the inclusion of unmapped units within areas delineated on the map as uniform. In this paper, two alternative algorithms for simulating inclusions in categorical natural resource maps are detailed. Their usefulness is shown by a simplified Monte Carlo testing to evaluate the accuracy of agricultural land valuation using land use and the soil information. Using two test areas it is possible to show that errors of as much as 6 per cent may result in the process of.
NLRX1 dampens oxidative stress and apoptosis in tissue injury via control of mitochondrial activity

Mitochondrial dysfunction is the most prominent source of oxidative stress in acute and chronic kidney disease. NLRX1 is a receptor of the innate immune system that is ubiquitously expressed and localized in mitochondria. We investigated whether NLRX1 may act at the interface of metabolism and innate immunity in a model of oxidative stress. Using a chimeric mouse model for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, we found that NLRX1 protects against mortality, mitochondrial damage, and epithelial cell apoptosis in an oxidative stress–dependent fashion. We found that NLRX1 regulates oxidative phosphorylation and cell integrity, whereas loss of NLRX1 results in increased oxygen consumption, oxidative stress, and subsequently apoptosis in epithelial cells during ischemia-reperfusion injury. In line, we found that NLRX1 expression in human kidneys decreased during acute renal ischemic injury and acute cellular rejection. Although first implicated in immune regulation, we propose that NLRX1 function extends to the control of mitochondrial activity and prevention of oxidative stress and apoptosis in tissue injury.
Effects of forward head and rounded shoulder posture on scapular kinematics, muscle activity, and shoulder coordination

CHARLES A. THIGPEN: Effects Of Forward Head And Rounded Shoulder Posture On Scapular Kinematics, Muscle Activity, And Shoulder Coordination (Under the direction of Dr. Darin A. Padua) Forward head and rounded shoulder posture (FHRSP) has been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of shoulder pain. The mechanism through which forward head and rounded shoulder can facilitate shoulder injury is not well understood. Altered scapular kinematics, muscle activity, and shoulder joint coordination due to FHRSP may lead to the development of shoulder pain. However, there is little evidence to support the influence of FHRSP on scapular kinematics, muscle activity, and shoulder joint coordination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare scapular kinematics, muscle activity, and shoulder joint coordination in individuals with and without FHRSP. Eighty volunteers without shoulder pain were classified as having FHRSP or ideal posture. An electromagnetic tracking system together with hard-wired surface electromyography was used to collect three-dimensional scapular kinematics concurrently with muscle activity of the upper and lower trapezius as well as the serratus anterior during
Coping strategies and IQ in psychogenic movement disorders and paralysis

Inadequate coping strategies may cause some patients to develop psychogenic symptoms in periods of stress. This may be more prominent in patients with lower intelligence levels. Twenty‐six patients with psychogenic neurological disorders (PND) were tested for coping abilities and intelligence and compared with 18 healthy controls and 26 patients with various nonpsychogenic disorders. Patients with PND have slightly lower IQ levels and active coping skills compared with healthy controls but not to nonpsychogenic patients. Low IQ was not associated with low active coping skills in either of the groups. Low active coping is not the result of low IQ and is not specific for psychogenic symptoms. At least part of the lower coping skills reported in patients with psychogenic symptoms may be the result of having an illness in general. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society