Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Landslide hazard and risk

List of Contributors. Preface. 1. Landslide Hazard and Risk: Issues, Concepts, and Approach (M. J. Crozier and T. Glade). Part I: Conceptual Models in Approaching Landslide Risk. 2. The nature of landslide hazard impact (T. Glade & M. Crozier). 3. A review of scale dependency in landslide hazard and risk (T. Glade & M. Crozier). 4. Systematic procedures of landslide-hazard mapping for risk assessment using spatial prediction models (Chang-Jo F. Chung & Andrea G. Fabbri). 5.Vulnerability to landslides (David Alexander). Part II: Evaluation of Risk. 6. Landslide risk perception, knowledge, and associated risk management: Case studies and general lessons from Glacier National Park, Montana, USA (David R. Butler & Lisa M. DeChano). 7. Cultural consideration in landslide risk perception (Garth Harmsworth & Bill Raynor). 8 Reply of insurance industry to landslide risk (Hans-Leo Paus). 9. The role of administrative bodies in landslide risk assessment (Kurt Hollenstein). 10. Addressing landslide hazards: Towards a knowledge management perspective (S. Michaels). Part III: Management of Landslide Risk. 11. Management frameworks for landslide hazard and risk: issues and options (M. J. Crozier). 12. Reducing landslide hazards and risk in the United States: The role of the U. S. Geological Survey (G. F. Wieczorek, P. L. Gori & L. M. Highland). 13. Basic data and decision support for landslide management: A conceptual framework (Walter Pfluegner). 14. Instability management from policy to practice (R. McInnes). 15. Geomorphologic mapping to assess landslide risk: concepts, methods and applications in the Umbria Region of central Italy (Paola Reichenbach, Mirco Galli, Mauro Cardinali, Fausto Guzzetti & Francesca Ardizzone). 16. Remote sensing of landslides (Vern Singhroy). 17. The rise and fall of a debris-flow warning system for the San Francisco Bay Region, California (Raymond C. Wilson). 18. Reforestation schemes to manage regional landslide risk (Chris Phillips & Michael Marden). 19. Geotechnical structures for landslide risk reduction (Edward Nicholas Bromhead). Part IV: 'End-to-End Solutions' for Landslide Risk Assessment. 20. Towards the development of a landslide risk assessment for rural roads in Nepal (D. Petley, G. J. Hearn & A. Hart). 21. Quantitative landslide risk assessment of Cairns, Australia (Marion Michael-Leiba, Fred Baynes, Greg Scott & Ken Granger). 22. The story of quantified risk and its place in slope safety policy in Hong Kong (A. W. Malone). 23. Rockfall risk management in high density urban areas. The Andorran experience (Ramon Copons, Joan Manuel Vilaplana, Jordi Corominas, Joan Altimir & Jordi Amigo). 24. Landslide risk assessment in Italy (Marino Sorriso-Valvo). 25. An initial approach to identifying slope stability controls in southern Java and to providing community-based landslide warning information (D. Karnawati, I. Ibriam, M. G. Anderson, E. A. Holcombe, G. T. Mummery, J-P. Renaud & Y. Wang). Part V: Synopsis. 26. Landslide hazard and risk - concluding comment and perspectives (T. Glade & M. Crozier). Glossary. Thematic Index. Locations/regions.
male with primary pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation that exhibited a long-lasting response to the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) icotinib. The patient had an extensive smoking history, a poor performanc

The present study reports the case of an 84-year-old male with primary pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation that exhibited a long-lasting response to the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) icotinib. The patient had an extensive smoking history, a poor performance status, and presented with an irregular mass in the middle lobe of the right lung on computed tomography (CT) and an enlarged left supraclavicular lymph node on physical examination. Right middle lobe bronchial brushing during fiberoptic bronchoscopy identified poorly‐differentiated cancer cells. The left supraclavicular lymph node was biopsied and a diagnosis of metastatic LCNEC was determined. Furthermore, an EGFR exon 19 deletion was identified by DNA sequencing. Following diagnosis, icotinib was administered at a dose of 125 mg three times a day. Chest CT scans were performed after 1 month of treatment, which indicated that the tumor was in partial remission. This marked response to icotinib lasted for 8 months. Thus, the present case illustrates the possibility of identifying EGFR mutations in LCNEC and indicates that EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be an alternative treatment strategy for patients with LCNEC harboring activating EGFR mutations.
Variation in external morphology of resident bottlenose dolphins in Bahía San Antonio, Patagonia, Argentina

A photo-identification study carried out in Bahia San Antonio (Patagonia Argentina) showed a variation in external morphology among year-round resident bottlenose dolphins. Out of 63 individually identified bottlenose dolphins, 15 were considered year-round residents of which three show variations in external morphology: they have a more falcate dorsal fin, darker coloration and shorter beak, physical characteristics described for the regional form of bottlenose dolphins present in the more southern province Chubut. The three morphologic distinct individuals, with one associated calf, could be re-identified in the study area up to 10 times over all the different seasons and up to now, no other bottlenose dolphins with similar characteristics could be observed in the area. On all occasions, they were re-identified in close occasions with each other and on 8 occasions in close association with other identified individuals. So far it was believed that the two regional forms of bottlenose dolphins present in Argentina were isolated. This communication is meant to document the residency and interaction of both regional forms in the same area. [JMATE. 2009;2(2):3-6]
DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE WALLS UNDER SHAKING TABLE EXCITATIONS

Deformation analysis of structural elements is a valuable tool to investigate the relationship of lateral force versus shear, sliding and flexural deformations, to assess the strength mechanism of failure mode, to assign suitable values of lateral stiffness, to estimate the contribution of steel reinforcement to strength and displacement capacities, to calibrate analytical models and, to propose appropriate parameters for performance-based seismic design. An experimental and analytical study was conducted to assess the components of deformation of low-rise reinforced concrete walls. The experimental program included shaking table tests of six low-rise concrete walls. The method and the instrumentation schemes to allow accurate assessment of the three components of deformations for squat walls and walls with openings are proposed. It was found that the proposed method produce consistent results for the tests evaluated.
Extraction and FTIR Analysis of Chitosan from American cockroach, Periplaneta americana

Chitosan is naturally occurring biopolymer inArthropods and Fungi. Chitosan is used extensively as a raw material in various industries. An attempt was made to extract chitosan from American cockroach,Periplaneta americanacollected from Nanded City. Present study reveals that 24mg/1gm of chitosan was extracted successfully. FTIR Spectra showing a peak at 3400 Cm -1 indicate symmetric stretching vibration of OH and amine N-H 2923.88 Cm -1 indicate presence of CH stretch, 1650.95 was due to C=O stretching (amide I) 1095.49 and 1033.77 peaks for C-O stretching and Peak at 894.91 is a ring stretching a characteristic bond for β-1-4 glycosidic linkage.
An assessment of the moderating role of employees’ cultural orientations amongst foreign manufacturing multinational companies in Kenya

Orientation: This article investigates the question, of whether culture really matters in implementing international strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices. Research purpose: Specifically, this study sought to investigate the extent to which employee cultural orientations moderate the link between SHRM practices and firm performance in large foreign manufacturing multinational companies in Kenya. Motivation for the study: Large foreign multinational companies have generally applied SHRM practices without adaptation when trying to improve employee performance even though resource based perspectives argue for the consideration of employees’ cultural orientations. Research design, approach and method: SHRM practices were conceptualised as independent variables measured through distinct practices. Organisational performance as a dependent variable was measured using constructs of image, interpersonal relations, and product quality. Cultural dimensions adopted for this study were power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism or collectivism, and masculinity or femininity. The above conceptual framework was tested by the use of both quantitative and qualitative techniques with data from fifty (50) large foreign multinational companies operating in Kenya. Main findings: Findings indicated that the relationship between SHRM practices and firm performance depend to a greater extent on employee cultural orientations when power distance is considered. Power distance (PD) refers to the extent of people accepting that power in institutions and organisations when distributed unequally. The greater the PD, the greater the acceptance of this inequality. Practical/managerial implications: The study supported the notion that the relationship between SHRM practices and firm performance is moderated by power distance through motivation but not by the other three bipolar dimensions namely, Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity or Femininity and Individualism or Collectivism. Contribution/value-add: This is the first large-scale empirical article that has focused on the moderating role of employees’ cultural orientations in large foreign manufacturing companies operating in Kenya.
The Determinants of Export Documentary Credit in Lebanon

The empirical literature on documentary credit is notoriously lacking. The main reason is the absence of clean statistics. Lebanon is an exception. Documentary credit can be either for import or for export purposes. This paper dwells on export documentary credit. The determinants of such credit can be classified into factors that are derived from the demand for exports, and additional unique factors. The derived factors are foreign demand, and the value of the exchange rate. The unique factors are borrowing costs and business and consumer confidence. Three types of export documentary credit have available data series: opened, utilized, and outstanding. The decision to open depends on all four factors. When the credit is utilized the collateral loans are repaid. Hence borrowing costs should not matter. The other three factors remain statistically significant. Outstanding documentary credit depends solely and surprisingly on foreign demand.
Copper Effects on Growth, Lipid Peroxidation, and Total Phenolic Content of Rosemary Leaves under Salinity Stress

Road accidents on the Kenyan roads claim about 3,000 lives annually. It is estimated that the economy further looses approximately Ksh. 14 billion or 5 % of its gross domestic product too on accident related expenses (MoTC, 2004). However, this intractable problem persists amidst efforts to introduce measures including enforcement to use seatbelts and insertion of speed-governors. In an effort to understand some of the underlying causes, this study examined travellers’ perception of fatigue as a contributor to crashes. Both empirical and exploratory research methodology was used to capture the opinions of the road users and to get statistical information by carrying out a survey of 715 road- users on Mombasa Road. The results showed the occurrence of fatigue to be a major cause of 87 %, 83 % and 82 % of the nodding off, exhaustion and yawning experienced respectively by passengers. Similar results were reported for drivers. The effects of fatigue were attributed to poor road conditions by 76 % and long periods of sitting by 64 % of the passengers interviewed. To counter fatigue effects, 72 % and 79 % of the private car and truck drivers respectively stopped to relax at petrol stations. The use of open countryside was cited by 53 % of the passengers interviewed as an alternative place to stop. The results underscore the need to devise effective measures that will relieve fatigue but at the same time be environmentally sound. Indeed well planned rest-stops by location, proximity to urban centres, at black spots and near scenic viewing points can provide avenues to re-energize and provide an escape from driving under hazardous conditions and also be used as a point to enjoy the special characters of region
A History of Polyvalent Structural Parameters: the Case of Instrument Variable Estimators

This paper investigates the rise and fall of the IV method in macro-econometric models and its subsequent revival in micro-econometric models. The key findings are: (i) the IV method implicitly breaks the contemporaneously circular causality postulated in a simultaneousequation model (SEM) by redefining the conditional variable concerned as a suboptimal conditional expectation of it; (ii) the IV method falls out of favour in macro-econometrics mainly because of lack of empirical validations for such redefinitions; (iii) the IV method wins its popularity in micro-econometrics by its capacity to produce multiple suboptimal conditional bexpectations of the latent conditional variables of interest under the disguise of an SEM consistent estimator; nevertheless, (iv) such suboptimal conditional expectations give rise to the insurmountable difficulty of credibly interpreting the IV-based parameter estimates, especially in the case of prognosticated omitted variable bias. The findings highlight the methodological drawback of the estimator-centric strategy of textbook econometrics.
Management of snap bean insect pests and diseases by use of antagonistic fungi and plant extracts.

Use of synthetic pesticides reduces the competitiveness of Kenyan snap bean pods due to stringent regulations by importers as a result of presence of chemical residues. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of local biopesticides in managing insect pests and diseases of snap beans. Field experiments were set up in farmer's field where Trichoderma spp. and Paecilomyce spp. and plant extracts from turmeric, garlic, ginger and lemon were applied weekly as foliar sprays. Plant extracts reduced the population of whiteflies and thrips by up to 58% and 41% while antagonistic fungi had a corresponding 30% and 18% reduction, respectively. Trichoderma spp. reduced severity of angular leaf spot (37.5%), rust (67%) and anthracnose (20.7%). Plant extracts and antagonistic fungi increased marketable pod yield by 25.6% and 17.3%, respectively. Results demonstrated that local environments are potential sources of biopesticides that can be exploited for integrated management of pests and diseases.
Color me, please: How color-emotion pairs affect our perceptions

Color-emotion pairings are part of everyday experience, and they develop in early childhood. Emotional experiences are typically much stronger when emotional stimuli (e.g., pictures or videos) are paired with sensory stimuli (e.g., sights or sounds). Since the presence of these sensory stimuli seems to heighten the emotional experience of emotion-evoking visual stimuli, it should be the case that such pairings will allow the manipulation of color-emotion pairings through the presence of a color (a visual stimulus) during an emotional situation (such as watching a video). In this study (N = 44), we paired both a positive and negative video with the color green. We also measured participants’ suggestibility, which served as a covariate. Although results were not significant, our findings suggest that this is a valid line of research. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed. Thesis Mentor: ___________________ Dr. Shauna Joye Honors Director: ___________________ Dr. Steven Engel December 2015 Department of Psychology University Honors Program Georgia Southern University
Modelling circulation in an ice-covered lake

In deep ice-covered lakes with temperatures below 4℃ the heat flux from the bottom sediment results in a horizontal density gradient and a consequent flow along the bottom slope. Measurements in Lake Paajarvi, Finland, show a stable temperature field where a heat gain through the bottom and a heat loss through the ice nearly balance each other. The circulation is thermal with low velocities (less than 1.5 cm s^(-1)). We used the 3D hydrodynamic Princeton Ocean Model as a tool to simulate the water circulation and the temperature distribution under the ice. The model forcing was based on field temperature measurements. The model simulations suggest that in midwinter the velocity field of the upper water layers is anticyclonic while that of deep layers is cyclonic. Comparison with current measurements at one site showed good agreement between the modelled and observed results. On the basis of the modelled results it is possible to better understand the distributions of some microorganisms and the accumulation of oxygen depleted waters in the deepest part of the lake.
Moment matching versus Bayesian estimation: Backward-looking behaviour in the new-Keynesian three-equations model

The paper considers an elementary New-Keynesian three-equations model and contrasts its Bayesian estimation with the results from the method of moments (MM), which seeks to match the model-generated second moments of inflation, output and the interest rate to their empirical counterparts. Special emphasis is placed on the degree of backward-looking behaviour in the Phillips curve. While, in line with much of the literature, it only plays a marginal role in the Bayesian estimations, MM yields values of the price indexation parameter close to or even at its maximal value of one. These results are worth noticing since the matching thus achieved is entirely satisfactory. The matching of some special (and even better) versions of the model is econometrically evaluated by a model comparison test.
Comparative Analysis of Debt Financing Models in Czech and Ukrainian Agriculture

The paper defines the essence of financing models (financing patterns) from the viewpoint of different scientific approaches. Using the operational viewpoint it then analyses the use of different financing model by large and medium‑sized agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and the Czech Republic. Based on this analysis, there are identified the basic financing models in Czech and Ukrainian agriculture. The changes that occurred in the role of the debt financing model for enterprises in the sector in both countries are determined. The role of debt financing model for agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, in contrast to the Czech Republic, significantly increased in recent years. The causes of this phenomenon are associated with the deterioration of the development of the financial system in the country, which also projects into worsening conditions for self‑financing. It is the sign of a systemic crisis in agriculture. But in the Czech Republic the role of equity financing model of agricultural enterprises increased on the background of improving conditions for self‑financing and, consequently, increasing their independence from creditors. The volume of liabilities is distributed between the agricultural enterprises very unevenly (especially in Ukraine), and it reflects not only the existing differentiation of size of these enterprises, but different access to external funds in general. The results of the paper deny the findings of some researchers that in countries with a less developed economy and financial system, the role of debt financing model is lower due to a lack access to the loans.
Did Globalization Influence Credit Market Deregulation?

We investigate whether globalization influenced credit market deregulation over the period 1970-2010. Globalization is measured by the KOF indices of globalization. Credit market deregulation is measured by the credit market freedom indicators of the Fraser Institute. The results from both cross-sectional and panel regressions using ordinary least squares indicate a positive correlation between globalization and credit market deregulation. We account for reverse causality by using predicted trade openness as an instrumental variable and show that this approach gives rise to different conclusions. Two-stage least squares estimations do not show that globalization had a causal influence on credit market deregulation.
The sensitivity of tourism demand to exchange rate changes: an application to Swiss overnight stays in Austrian mountain villages during the winter season

This paper investigates the impact of the depreciation of the euro against the Swiss franc on tourism demand. The data consist of Swiss overnight stays in West Austrian ski resorts during the winter season. Using a panel error correction model, we found that the elasticity of tourism demand with respect to exchange rates is significantly larger than unity in absolute terms. In particular, the real exchange rate elasticity ranges between −1.5 using the dynamic panel data model and −2.2 for the long difference regression model. This indicates that Swiss winter tourists are highly sensitive to changes in exchange rates and relative prices. High elevation ski resorts benefit most from the depreciation of the euro against the Swiss franc. For Austrian ski resorts, tentative estimates suggest that the depreciation of the euro against the Swiss franc has led to an additional 173,000 overnight stays over the last four winter seasons.
Equity-Based Executive Compensation, Managerial Legal Liability Coverage and Earnings Management

This study investigates how managers’ compensation incentives, as measured by equity-based executive compensation and managerial legal liability coverage affect earnings management. The availability of compensation may encourage managers to adopt more aggressive accounting practices; however, the higher the legal liability managers face, the more it will reduce their willingness to engage in such risk-taking behavior. Once managers mitigate their personal legal liability through directors’ and officers’ (DO this suggests that the primary determination of earnings management is the joint effect of an increase in managers’ compensation incentives and a decrease in their legal liability.
Impact of Derivatives Usage on Firm Value: Evidence from Non Financial Firms of Pakistan

The current study aims at investigating the impact of derivatives usage on firm value. For the given purpose, a sample of 107 non-financial firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) for the period of 2006-2010 is considered. Firm value is measured mainly through Tobin’s Q along with two more alternative measures named Alt. Q1 and Alt. Q2. Usage of three types of derivatives named General Derivatives (GD), Foreign currency derivatives (FCD) and Interest rate derivatives (IRD) are used as independent variables. Different panel data techniques of LM (Lagrange Multiplier) test, Random effect, Hausman specification test and fixed effect are applied in order to analyze whether the use of derivatives increases, decreases or does not have any impact on firm value. The current study finds no significant impact of derivatives usage on firm value while using Tobin’s Q is used as valuation measure. However use of FCD is associated with lower firm value while use of IRD adds value only in case when alternative measures of firm value (Alt. Q1 and Alt. Q2) are considered.