Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stonesia ghoguei, Peculiar Morphology of a New Cameroonian Species (Podostemaceae, Podostemoideae)

Abstract The traditional circumscription of the genus Stonesia G. Taylor (Podostemaceae, Podostemoideae) includes three species restricted to western tropical Africa. Here, a new species, S. ghoguei E. Pfeifer & Rutishauser, is described, which represents the first Cameroonian member of the genus. There are another three Stonesia species restricted to western tropical Africa (Guinea and Sierra Leone). The genus Stonesia is characterized by capsule valves with five or seven ribs each, with the ribs nearest the sutures shorter and not reaching the ends of valves. This unique pattern is shared with the two Madagascan genera Endocaulos C. Cusset and Paleodicraeia C. Cusset. Molecular (matK) data indicate that this capsule pattern is homoplastic, occurring in Madagascar and (with Stonesia) in tropical Africa. Various characters of Stonesia (including S. ghoguei) are also found in other African podostemoids. These include flower buds inverted in the sac-like spathella; crustose roots or broad ribbons with exogenous root lobes (daughter roots); stems usually simple (rarely branched), up to 10(–40) cm long; flowers arising primarily from endogenous buds inside the stem cortex in S. ghoguei and S. fascicularis G. Taylor; and leaves repeatedly forked into narrow segments, with epiphyllous flowers arising from the clefts of these forks in S. ghoguei and S. heterospathella G. Taylor. Unlike the western African Stonesia species, S. ghoguei has pollen mainly released in monads (not only dyads), one stamen per flower with two lateral tepals (not two stamens with three tepals), and unilocular ovaries (not bilocular ones).
Competition and Nuclear Transport Reactions 1 Nucleocytoplasmic Transport: A Role for Non-Specific Competition in Karyopherin-Nucleoporin Interactions

1 Nucleocytoplasmic Transport: A Role for Non-Specific Competition in Karyopherin-Nucleoporin Interactions Jaclyn Tetenbaum-Novatt, Loren E. Hough, Roxana Mironska, Anna Sophia McKenney, Michael P. Rout The Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. Corresponding author: Michael P. Rout (rout@rockefeller.edu) Running title: Competition and Nuclear Transport Reactions MCP Papers in Press. Published on February 22, 2012 as Manuscript M111.013656
Improvements in the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Extraction Conditions for the Analysis of Oxidized Fatty Acids Using a Mixed-Mode Spin Column

Lipidomics by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry has been used for a better understanding of the roles of oxidized fatty acids in the development of various diseases. However, further work is required to improve the sample preparation process and the peak tailing of cysteinyl-leukotrienes. In this study, we evaluated various mobile phases and extraction conditions. The addition of phosphoric acid to the mobile phase improved the peak tailing of cysteinyl-leukotrienes. The extraction conditions were also optimized by spin-column possessing an anion-exchange and reversed-phase properties. The extraction efficiency of the modified extraction system was examined using 62 lipids, and 13 deuterated lipids were investigated to evaluate matrix effects and recovery from mouse lung homogenate samples. Extraction efficiencies of ≥70% were obtained for almost all of the lipids. Good results with standard deviations of 0.99 for all the lipids tested. This newly developed method therefore represents a powerful tool to analyze lipids.
The square-free sieve and the rank of elliptic curves

Let E be an elliptic curve over Q. A celebrated theorem of Mordell asserts that E(Q), the (abelian) group of rational points of E, is finitely generated. By the rank of E we mean the rank of E(Q). Thus the rank of E is positive if and only if E possesses an infinity of rational points. Relatively few general qualitative assertions can be made about the rank as E varies. How large can the rank get? Although we expect that there are elliptic curves over Q with arbitrarily high ranks, this is presently unknown. What is the average size of the rank? Recently Brumer and McGuinness have reported on their study of 310,716 elliptic curves of prime conductor less than 108 where they have found that 20.06% of those curves have even rank > 2. (Cf. [BM]; also see forthcoming work of Brumer where, subject to a number of standard conjectures, he shows that 2.3 is an upper bound for the average rank for all elliptic curves over Q ordered in terms of their Faltings height.) What is the behavior of the rank over the family of twists of a given elliptic curve? Here, one has three natural kinds of families of twists: (1) Quadratic twists. One can take any elliptic curve and systematically twist it by all quadratic characters (this is the type of family of elliptic curves we are concerned with in this paper). Specifically, if E is an elliptic curve over Q given by the Weierstrass equation Y2 = X + A * X + B, and D is any squarefree integer, the (quadratic) twist of E by D, ED, is given by the equation
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration and steeping time duration effects on starch production from dry-milled low quality rice IR 64 grade 3 flour using alkaline-protease enzyme digestion method.

The low quality rice, such as IR64 grade 3, is processed to produce the rice starch. The production process of the rice starch from low quality rice, IR64 grade 3, is investigated. The process is based on the alkaline protease digestion and alkaline steeping method. The main objective is to obtain high starch content and very low protein content. The enzyme in the process is produced by the fermentation activity of the Bacillus megaterium. The independent variables of this process are steeping time duration and Natrium Hydroxide (NaOH) concentration. Based on the protein content level and the amount of the produced waste, the combination between alkaline steeping and protease-digestion methods produces better quality product compared to the alkaline steeping method. High purity rice starch was produced at conditions 0.05 M NaOH solution and 7 hours steeping duration. The proximate composition of the produced starch has 87.92 % starch, 1.37 % protein, 0.42 % fat and 9.81 % moisture.
The inhibitory effect of β-elemene alone or combined with chemotherapy on diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell strain OCI-LY8 in vitro

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of β-Elemene alone or combined with chemotherapy drugs on diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell strain OCI-LY8 in vitro. Methods: The optimum cytotoxic concentration of β-Elemene was determined by MTT method. After combining different concentrations of β-Elemene with chemotherapy drugs, the cell death rate was calculated according to the OD values in 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The data was analysed using SPSS 13.0. All tests were conducted in triplicate. Results: The inhibitory effect of β-Elemene combined with VM-26 was relatively stronger under the same condition. But in the different time interval unites the cell death rate showed non-statistics difference between the five different chemotherapy drugs, P>0.05. Conclusion: Single drug of β-Elemene could induce apoptosis tumor cells to a certain extent, and also there was synergized action combined with chemotherapy drugs; but there were no significant differences between these drugs when combined with β-Elemene.
Linkage between crustacean zooplankton and aquatic bacteria

Bacteria and metazoan zooplankton (mainly crustaceans) are often viewed as 2 separate functional groups in the pelagic food webs indirectly linked via nutrient cycling and trophic cascades. Yet a zooplankter's body carries a high abundance of diverse bacteria, often at an equivalent concen- tration orders of magnitude higher than the ambient bacterial concentration. Zooplankton bodies are organic-rich micro-environments that support fast bacterial growth. Their physical-chemical con- ditions differ from those in the surrounding water and therefore select for different bacterial commu- nities, including anaerobic bacteria that otherwise may not thrive in a well-oxygenated water col- umn. The zooplankton body provides protection to the associated bacteria from environmental stresses similar to biofilms. Furthermore, migration by zooplankton enables rapid dispersal of bacte- ria over vast distances and across boundaries such as the pycnocline. In addition to live zooplankton, molts, fecal pellets, and carcasses of zooplankton all influence water column and benthic microbial communities in various ways. We review the recent advances in the study of (crustacean) zooplank- ton-bacteria interactions and discuss future research opportunities and challenges. Traditional aquatic microbial ecology emphasizes free-living bacteria, which represent only a fraction of the microbial world. By transcending disciplinary boundaries, microbial ecologists and zooplankton ecologists can work together to integrate the two disciplines and advance our understanding in aquatic microbial ecology.
Problems in harmonic analysis related to curvature

X \R(1 r\\ f /OO # / ( * ) --> e-*0 \B(e9 X)\ JB(t,x) for certain types of «-dimensional sets B(e9 x) shrinking to x as e -* 0. (\B(e9 x)\ is of course the Lebesgue measure of B(e9 x). ) Some standard examples of sets B(e9 x) are balls with center x and radius e, and cubes with center x and diameter e. The problem of considering other sets besides balls and cubes for B(e9 x) received much attention in the 1930's. (See for example Buseman and Feller [1934].) This subject again seems to be attracting interest. One of the two main goals of this paper is an exposition of recent developments in which B(e9 x) is replaced by a lower dimensional set. 2
No 425 Economic Inequality and HIV in Malawi

To analyze if the spread of HIV is related to economic inequality we estimate multilevel models of the individual probability of HIV infection among young Malawian women. We find a positive association between HIV infection and inequality at both the neighborhood and district levels, but no effect of individual poverty. We also find that the HIV-inequality relationship is related to risky sex, gender violence, and return migration, though no variable completely replaces economic inequality as a predictor of HIV infections. The HIV-inequality relationship does not seem to be related to bad health, gender gaps in education or women’s market work.
Chondrocyte Viability in Human Nasal Septum After Morselization

Comment. In summary, we used a self-administered questionnaire, which was sent in December 2007 to facial plastic surgeons who had completed an AAFPRS-approved fellowship and had been in practice for 1 to 6 years. We found that most young facial plastic surgeons were doing well, both in terms of the number and variety of cases as well as income. There were differences seen in the general make-up of their practices, depending on both the length of time in practice and practice type. The reasons behind these differences are not entirely clear. In light of the current economic changes, we may resurvey these surgeons and consider extending a similar, improved survey to all of the members of the AAFPRS.
Understanding Consumer Tradeoffs Between Form and Function Through Metaconjoint and Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses

This work investigates how consumers make preference judgments when taking into account both product form and function. In prior work, where aesthetic preference is quantified using visual conjoint methods, aesthetic preference and functional preference were handled separately. Here, we introduce a new methodology, metaconjoint analysis, for testing the hypothesis that when consumers make decisions taking into account both a product’s form and its function they employ a more complex decision-making strategy than when basing their decisions on form or function alone. We anticipate that this strategy will involve both analytical and emotional processes. When compared with participant ratings of form and function combinations across 28 subjects, the metaconjoint model is shown to have a correlation that was not statistically different from an additive model of form and function. However, unlike the additive model, the metaconjoint model gave additional information about how participants make tradeoffs between form and function. Next, we developed a novel paradigm using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine what parts of the brain are primarily involved with a given tradeoff between form and function. While in the scanner, study participants were asked to make decisions in trials where only form varied, where only function varied, and where both form and function varied. Results from 14 participants suggest that choices based on products that vary in both form and function involve some unique and some common brain networks as compared to choices based on form or function alone; notably, emotion-related regions are activated during these complex decisions where form and function are in conflict. These results are consistent with the inclusion of emotion in decision-making with regards to product choice and demonstrate the feasibility of using fMRI to address questions about the mental processes underlying consumer decisions. Studying preference decisions together with their accompanying neurological activity will give engineers and designers greater insight into the consumer decision-making process. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4024975]
NO ICE HYDROGENATION: A SOLID PATHWAY TO NH2OH FORMATION IN SPACE

Icy dust grains in space act as catalytic surfaces onto which complex molecules form. These molecules are synthesized through exothermic reactions from precursor radicals and, mostly, hydrogen atom additions. Among the resulting products are species of biological relevance, such as hydroxylamine—NH2OH—a precursor molecule in the formation of amino acids. In this Letter, laboratory experiments are described that demonstrate NH2OH formation in interstellar ice analogs for astronomically relevant temperatures via successive hydrogenation reactions of solid nitric oxide (NO). Inclusion of the experimental results in an astrochemical gas–grain model proves the importance of a solid-state NO+H reaction channel as a starting point for prebiotic species in dark interstellar clouds and adds a new perspective to the way molecules of biological importance may form in space.
The Solar Chromosphere/Corona Interface. I. Far-Ultraviolet to Extreme-Ultraviolet Observations and Modeling of Unresolved Coronal Funnels

A coronal funnel model, developed by D. Rabin, was tested against a calibrated spectroheliogram recorded in the 170-175 Å bandpass. This image was recorded on board a sounding-rocket experiment flown on 1994 November 3, called the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array II (MSSTA II). MSSTA, a joint project of Stanford University, the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is an observing platform composed of a set of normal-incidence, multilayer-coated optics designed to obtain narrow-bandpass, high-resolution images (1''-3'') at selected far-ultraviolet (FUV), extreme-ultraviolet (EUV), and soft X-ray wavelengths (44-1550 Å). Using full-disk images centered at 1550 Å (C IV) and 173 Å (Fe IX/X), the funnel model, which is based on coronal back-heating, was tested against the data incorporating observed constraints on global coverage and measured flux. Found was a class of funnel models that could account for the quiescent, globally diffuse and unresolved emission seen in the 171-175 Å bandpass, where the funnels are assumed to be rooted in the C IV supergranular network. These models, when incorporated with the CHIANTI spectral code, suggest that this emission is mostly of upper transition region origin and primarily composed of Fe IX plasma. The funnels are found to have constrictions, Γ ~ 6-20, which is in good agreement with the observations. Further, the fitted models simultaneously satisfy global areal constraints seen in both images; namely, that a global network of funnels must cover ~70%-95% of the total solar surface area seen in the 171-175 Å image, and ⩽45% of the disk area seen in the 1550 Å bandpass. These findings support the configuration of the EUV magnetic network as suggested by Reeves et al. and put forth in more detail by Gabriel. Furthermore, the models are in good agreement with differential emission measure estimates made of the transition region by J. C. Raymond & J. G. Doyle for temperatures 250,000 K ≤ T ≤ 650,000 K, based on full-disk observations made on board Skylab.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Optimizing Bone Volume at the Dental Implant Recipient Site

Inadequate bone volume at the implant recipient site presents a clinical challenge for many dental practitioners. To overcome these problems, several approaches have been developed and are currently used, including bone grafting strategies and distraction osteogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained their popularity within the last two decades, with regard to promising clinical results in improving the bone architecture at the implant recipient site. The aim of this chapter was to briefly outline the accessibility properties, differentiation capacities, isolation, and characterization of MSCs with regard to optimizing bone volume in dental implantology. Additionally, potential benefits and pitfalls are discussed in comparison with the conventional bone augmentation techniques.
Comparing the Lexical Features of EAP Students’ Essays by Prompt and Rating

Previous research has shown that high frequency lexical items, such as AWL words and formulaic expressions, may differentiate between texts written by ex - pert and novice writers (Chen & Baker, 2010; Hancioglu, 2009), and that lexical features related to breadth, depth, and accessibility differentiate among texts from L2 writers of different proficiency levels (Crossley & McNamara, 2009, 2012; Crossley, Weston, McLain Sullivan, & McNamara, 2011). The current study compared the essays written by EAP students in response to either a cause or an effect writing prompt. As part of their EAP writing class, the students (N = 94) had two weeks to read six source texts and take notes to prepare for an integrative-writing exam. Students’ essays were assessed by three raters using a holistic rubric, and five lexical features of their essays were analyzed: percentage of AWL word use, content word frequency, word familiarity, imagability, and lexical diversity. The results indicated that responses to the effect prompt were rated sig - nificantly lower than cause essays, contained more frequent and familiar words, and had a lower percentage of AWL words. However, there was no significant correlation between essay ratings and lexical features. Potential explanations for the findings and pedagogical implications are discussed. Des recherches anterieures ont revele que les items lexicaux a haute frequence, tels la liste des mots academiques et les formules rigides, peuvent varier selon que le texte soit ecrit par un expert ou un debutant (Chen & Baker, 2010; Hancioglu, 2009), et que les elements lexicaux lies a l’envergure, la profondeur et l’accessi - bilite varient dans les textes ecrits par des auteurs L2 de competences differentes (Crossley & McNamara, 2009, 2012; Crossley, Weston, McLain Sullivan, & McNamara, 2011). La presente etude a compare des redactions ecrites par des eleves d’anglais academique ou la tache d’ecriture evoquait des causes ou des effets. Le cours d’anglais academique exigeait que les eleves (N=94) lisent, en deux semaines, six textes originaux et qu’ils prennent des notes pour se preparer a un examen ecrit integratif. Trois evaluateurs se sont appuyes sur une rubrique globale pour analyser cinq elements lexicaux : pourcentage de l’utilisation des mots de la liste des mots academiques, frequence des mots lexicaux, capacite a evoquer des images mentales et diversite lexicale. Les resultats demontrent que les evaluations des redactions basees sur la tache d’ecriture evoquant des effets etaient nettement inferieures aux evaluations des redactions basees sur la tache d’ecriture evoquant des causes. Ces premieres comptaient egalement plus de mots familiers et repandus, et moins de mots figurant dans la liste des mots academiques. Les auteurs presentent des hypotheses pour expliquer ces resultats, ainsi que les impli - cations pedagogiques de leur recherche.
Role of Emotional Maturity in Subjective Well-Being of Co-Education and Unisex-Education College Students

Girls and boys need different characteristics, needs etc., to each other therefore people think that due to these differences it is must to provide different educational condition. And for this purpose tradition of unisex education emerges. But with the modernization of society people think that for development of an androgynous personality of individual or for later development of individual it is must to provide that type of educational condition in which individual easily understand the characteristics of their opposite sex and for reducing antagonism the trend of co-education comes. Another emotions play central role in the life of an individual, one is expected to have higher emotional maturity in order to lead an effective life. It is also true that our behaviour is constantly influenced by the emotional maturity level that we possess. In the other hand, subjective well-being is a function the degree of congruence between individual wishes, needs and his environmental demands and opportunities. Subjective well-being defines by Diener et al., (1997) as “how people evaluate their lives”. With this background, the present study examine the gender difference on the subjective well-being with high/low emotional maturity and college environment (co-education and unisex-education). Another examines the correlation of high/low emotional maturity and subjective well-being with college environment. The total of 200 students (coeducation (50 boys and 50 girls) and unisex-education (50 boys and 50 girls)) are administered on emotional maturity scale by Singh and Bhargava (1985) and subjective well-being scale by Nagpal and Sell (1985). Result reveals that there are significant effect of emotional maturity on subjective well-being with college environment and gender. An apparent of result indicates that subjective well-being of co-education and unisex-education College students are positively correlates with high emotional maturity and negatively correlates with low emotional maturity. Another result reveals significant deference among co-education college students and unisexeducation college students. Psychopathological Disorders Biopsychosocial Analysis Publish by Global Vision Publishing House Edited by
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INTERNATIONAL TRADE : LINKING MICRO AND MACRO

An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the Econometric Society World Congress, Paired Invited Session on Trade and Firm Dynamics, Shanghai, August, 2010. We have benefited from the valuable comments of Daron Acemoglu, Costas Arkolakis, Thomas Chaney, Peter Egger, Elhanan Helpman, Stephen Redding, Joao Santos Silva, Silvana Tenreyro, and Alain Trognon. Kelsey Moser provided excellent research assistance. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under grant numbers SES-0339085 and SES-0820338. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
EFFECT OF THE MCP-1/CCR2 SYSTEM ON NEPHRIN EXPRESSION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-TREATED MICE AND HUMAN CULTURED PODOCYTES

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher-authenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes in print and online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals. org. Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online July 8, 2009