Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Physical Activity Intention in Canadian School Children and Youth: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the theory of planned behavior in predicting physical activity intention in a nationwide sample of Canadian children and youth. The study sample consisted of participants from Grades 3, 5, 8, and 11 from schools across Canada. School participation was determined by means of a randomly stratified sample design. Results show that the direct measures of the theory of planned behavior explained 47% of the variability in the measure of physical activity intention. In addition, notable differences in the relative contributions of the predictor variables of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were found across grade and grade-by-gender subgroups. The present study provides evidence that in a population of children and youth the determinants display a pattern of change developmentally.
Mobile application development for environmental informatics and feedback on cooking oil use and disposal in Indonesia

A web-based mobile application was developed to investigate cooking oil use and disposal of households in Indonesia, and released in February, 2014. The application was designed as an interactive program visualizing Green House Gas emission calculated by individual cooking oil consumption and disposals, as well as a potential GHG reduction if the same amountof waste cooking oil was recycled. On 13 and 14 February, 2014, the released mobile application was demonstrated at three high schools, SMA2, SMA3, SMAPGRI4 in Bogor, Indonesia. The responses of 188 households were collected by a mobile application and paper questionnaires. The results showed that 51% of households disposed waste cooking oil to drainage.17%to soil, and 15% gave it to maids for further use. The average monthly consumption and disposal of cooking oil were 3.6L and 0.8L respectively. The feedback of the GHG emission by user's own cooking oil consumption and disposal seemed to have enhanced users' environmental recognition and incentive to participate in Bogor City's waste cooking oil recycling program. The application was proved as an environmental informatics and feedback system of daily food consumption and disposal.
Effect of a Three-Tier Prescription Copay on Pharmaceutical and Other Medical Utilization

Background. In response to rising prescription drug costs, plan sponsors are increasingly implementing three-tiered pharmacy benefits. Objective. This study examined the effect of a three-tiered pharmacy benefit on pharmaceutical utilization and expenditures, medication continuation, and use of other medical resources in a population of continuously eligible, commercially insured enrollees of a preferred provider organization (PPO). Research Design. A quasi-experimental prepost with comparison group design was used. The pre- and postperiods were each 12 months long. Subjects. The intervention group included enrollees whose employer moved from the PPO’s two-tier benefit to a three-tier benefit (n = 6881). The comparison group included enrollees whose employer remained under the PPO’s two-tier benefit (n = 13,279). Measures. Key dependent variables included total prescription claims and costs, net costs (total minus copay), medication continuation, office visits, and inpatient and emergency room use. Results. Relative to the comparison group, the intervention group experienced lower prescription utilization and expenditures and reduced net costs. Medication continuation rates were lower at 6 and 11 months in one of four chronic therapy classes examined; however, discontinuation could not be clearly linked to tier-three medication use. No significant differences in physician office visits, inpatient, or emergency room use rates were found. Conclusions. Three-tier prescription copays can control drug costs without evidence of change in use of other medical resources in the year following implementation. Future research should examine a variety of three-tier designs.
Influence of Family Size and Family Type on Academic Performance of Students in Government in Calabar Municipality , Cross River State , Nigeria

There has been continuous outcry from stakeholders against poor performances of students in Senior Secondary School Examinations in Nigeria. The study investigated the influence of family size and family type on students’ academic performance in Government, in Calabar Municipality of Cross River State. To achieve the purpose of this study, two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the six (6) public secondary schools and two hundred (200) SS2 students used for the study. The survey research design was adopted for the study. A selfconstructed questionnaire and a students’ achievement test in Government were the instruments used for data collection. The instruments were face-validated by three experts in Test and measurement before they were administered. The test re-retest method was adopted in testing the reliability of the students’ achievement test items. The reliability co-efficient was 0.728 and this was considered high enough for use in the study. Data collected was analysed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result revealed a significant influence of family size and family type on academic performance of secondary school students in Government in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on these findings, it was recommended that: parents should be adequately sensitized on how best they can assist their children irrespective of the size and type of family among others.
ESTIMATING SEX‐SPECIFIC DISPERSAL RATES WITH AUTOSOMAL MARKERS IN HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POPULATIONS

Abstract –A recent study suggests that sex‐specific dispersal rates can be quantitatively estimated on the basis of sex‐ and state‐specific (pre‐ vs. postdispersal) F‐statistics. In the present paper, we extend this approach to account for the hierarchical structure of natural populations, and we validate it through individual‐based simulations. The model is applied to an empirical data set consisting of 536 individuals (males, females, and predispersal juveniles) of greater white‐toothed shrews (Crocidura russula), sampled according to a hierarchical design and typed for seven autosomal microsatellite loci. From this dataset, dispersal is significantly female biased at the local scale (breeding‐group level), but not at the larger scale (among local populations). We argue that selective pressures on dispersal are likely to depend on the spatial scale considered, and that short‐distance dispersal should mainly respond to kin interactions (inbreeding or kin competition avoidance), which exert differential pressure on males and females.
A Twin Study Examining Rumination as a Transdiagnostic Correlate of Psychopathology

This study examined the genetic and environmental influences on rumination and its associations with several forms of psychopathology in a sample of adult twins (N = 744). Rumination was significantly associated with major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder, eating pathology, and substance dependence symptoms. There were distinct patterns of etiological overlap between rumination and each form of psychopathology; rumination had considerable genetic overlap with depression, modest genetic overlap with eating pathology, and almost no genetic overlap with substance dependence. Findings further suggest considerable overlap between genetic and environmental influences on rumination and those contributing to the covariance between forms of psychopathology. Results were specific to ruminative thought and did not extend to self-reflection. These findings support the conceptualization of rumination as a transdiagnostic correlate and risk factor for psychopathology and also suggest that the biological and environmental mechanisms linking rumination to psychopathology may differ depending on the disorder.
Finding the Evidence for Keeping the Patency in Peripheral Intermittent Intravenous Devices

Background:There is a controversial aspect concerning the method of choice for maintaining the patency of peripheral intermittent intravenous catheters. Some institutes use a dilution of heparin for this purpose, whereas many others use a small amount of normal saline flush. So, it would be worthwhile to look for the best available evidence for this. Methods: A thorough search was performed in different nursing and medical databases, in order to find the available evidence. All relevant information has been obtained from papers written in English and published during the last twenty years. Results: Many research papers were examined and appraised for their level of evidence. The available evidence suggests the same degree of effectiveness of normal saline versus heparin solution for maintenance of patency of peripheral intermittent intravenous catheters. Conclusion: Since the use of heparin is considered the cause for many side effects and complications, normal saline should be the solution of choice as it contributes to patients’ safety, patients’ satisfaction and cost savings.
Some Data on the Genetics of Shell-Character Polymorphism in the Snail ARIANTA ARBUSTORUM.

because there is some reason to believe that homologous genetic control may operate in the two genera. On the other hand, the pale and dark phenotypes in Arianta cannot clearly be identified with the action of any of the ground colour allelomorphs in Cepaea, so that new superscripts are used to describe them. The other loci have been g:ven new symbols, since there is no clear homology between them and any system in Cepaea. Letters pre-empted for other uses in the latter species have been avoided.
TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF INNER DIALOGUES

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Relationship between body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) in perimenopausal Korean women

Objectives Osteoporosis is a disease that increases the fracture rates and it is the major cause of increased mortality and morbidity in the elderly people. To determine which component of body composition is most important to bone health, we analysed the relationship between elements of the body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean women.
Polo-like kinase-1 as a novel target in neoplastic mast cells: demonstration of growth-inhibitory effects of small interfering RNA and the Polo-like kinase-1 targeting drug BI 2536

Background In advanced systemic mastocytosis the response of neoplastic mast cells to conventional drugs is poor and the prognosis is bad. Current research is, therefore, attempting to identify novel drug targets in neoplastic mast cells. Polo-like kinase-1 is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in mitosis and has recently been introduced as a new target in myeloid leukemias and solid tumors. Design and Methods In the present study, we analyzed the expression and function of Polo-like kinase-1 in neoplastic mast cells in systemic mastocytosis. Results As determined by immunostaining, primary neoplastic mast cells as well as the human mast cell leukemia cell line HMC-1 displayed phosphorylated Polo-like kinase-1. In addition, neoplastic mast cells expressed Polo-like kinase-1 mRNA. Polo-like kinase-1-specific small interfering RNA induced apoptosis in neoplastic mast cells, whereas no effect was seen with a control small interfering RNA. BI 2536, a drug targeting Polo-like kinase-1, was found to inhibit proliferation in HMC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. BI 2536 also inhibited the growth of primary neoplastic mast cells and cells of the canine mastocytoma cell line C2. The growth-inhibitory effects of BI 2536 on neoplastic mast cells were found to be associated with mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis. Finally, BI 2536 was found to synergize with the KIT-targeting kinase inhibitor midostaurin (PKC412) in inhibiting the growth of neoplastic mast cells. In control experiments, BI 2536 did not induce apoptosis in normal cultured mast cells. Conclusions Collectively, our data show that Polo-like kinase-1 is a potential therapeutic target in neoplastic mast cells. Targeting Polo-like kinase-1 may be an attractive pharmacological concept in the management of advanced systemic mastocytosis.
Measurements of Fentanyl and Sufentanil in Blood and Urine After Surgical Application Implication in Detection of Abuse

An increase in cases of death from overdose and abuse from fentanyl or sufentanil is being encountered by the Bexar County Forensic Science Center in San Antonio, Texas. These drugs have been abused almost solely by health care professionals. The fentanyl derivatives cannot currently be detected by routine laboratory drugscreening programs. Forensic toxicology assays that identify the specific analyte must be used. We report a sensitive assay for detection of fentanyl and sufentanil with a detection limit of ∼0.5 ng/ml. In addition, results from the analysis of urine and blood samples obtained up to 72 h after drug administration to five patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery who had received either fentanyl or sufentanil are described. The new procedure enables detection of these drugs more readily, in smaller amounts, and for a longer period of time after use than previously possible. We hope this will lead to intervention and treatment in those abusing the drugs.
The Maize glossy13 Gene, Cloned via BSR-Seq and Seq-Walking Encodes a Putative ABC Transporter Required for the Normal Accumulation of Epicuticular Waxes

Aerial plant surfaces are covered by epicuticular waxes that among other purposes serve to control water loss. Maize glossy mutants originally identified by their “glossy” phenotypes exhibit alterations in the accumulation of epicuticular waxes. By combining data from a BSR-Seq experiment and the newly developed Seq-Walking technology, GRMZM2G118243 was identified as a strong candidate for being the glossy13 gene. The finding that multiple EMS-induced alleles contain premature stop codons in GRMZM2G118243, and the one knockout allele of gl13, validates the hypothesis that gene GRMZM2G118243 is gl13. Consistent with this, GRMZM2G118243 is an ortholog of AtABCG32 (Arabidopsis thaliana), HvABCG31 (barley) and OsABCG31 (rice), which encode ABCG subfamily transporters involved in the trans-membrane transport of various secondary metabolites. We therefore hypothesize that gl13 is involved in the transport of epicuticular waxes onto the surfaces of seedling leaves.
Mathematical model for biomass yield and biosurfactant production by Nocardia amarae

The value of maximum specific growth rate (μmax = 0.0177 h -1 ), the maximum growth value (Xmax= 1.82 g l -1 ). The initial biomass concentration was calculated (Xo= 0.0285 g l -1 ), the maintenance coefficient (Ke= 0.245 g g -1 h -1 ), the biomass yield (YX/S= 0.039 g g -1 ) and the product yield (YP/S = 0.0828 g g -1 ) were calculated from the model. The presented model provided a satisfactory representation of the biomass growth; biosurfactant production. The average error of biomass growth and biosurfactant production were 10.2 and 5.7%; respectively. The present model gave a satisfactory representation of the biomass growth; whereas the average percentage error in biosurfactant production through the fermentation process was 5.74% and in microorganism concentration was 10.172%. Key-WordsNocardia amarae, kinetic growth parameters, biosurfactant, mathematical model
Endogenous spillovers and incentives to innovate

Summary. We present a new approach to endogenizing technological spillovers. Firms choose levels of a cost-reducing innovation from a continuum before they engage in competition for each other's R&D-employees. Successful bids for the competitor's employee then result in higher levels of cost reduction. Finally, firms enter product market competition. We apply the approach to the long-standing debate on the effects of the mode of competition on innovation incentives. We show that incentives to acquire spillovers are stronger and incentives to prevent spillovers are weaker under quantity competition than under price competition. As a result, for a wide range of parameters, price competition gives stronger innovation incentives than quantity competition.
The strength of cell‐mediated xenograft rejection in the mouse is due to the CD4+ indirect response

Abstract: Previous studies have shown that CD4+ T cells are responsible for the great strength of cell‐mediated xenograft rejection in the mouse. In vitro studies have suggested that this CD4+ response is to xenogeneic antigens that are presented indirectly. The present studies were carried out in order to determine whether the strength of cell‐mediated xenograft rejection in vivo is dependent on the CD4+ indirect response. We grafted pig skin onto mice that express class 11 MHC antigens only on their thymic epithelial cells (II‐4+ mice). These mice have normal numbers of functional peripheral CD4+ T cells; however they lack class II MHC expression on their antigen presenting cells and are thus incapable of mounting a CD4+ T cell‐mediated indirect response. Xenograft survival was prolonged on these mice. Furthermore, administration of cyclosporine and anti‐CDS monoclonal antibodies to II‐4+ recipients prolonged xenograft survival to at least the same extent as allograft survival, demonstrating that the strength of cell‐mediated xenograft rejection resides in the CD4+ indirect response. Despite the increased survival time, xenograft rejection still occurred in the absence of the indirect pathway. Depletion of the II‐4+ recipients of their CD4+ T cell population prolonged xenograft survival even further, suggesting the presence of a weaker CD4+ direct mechanism which was virtually undetectable in vitro.
Ochratoxin A in dried grapes and grape-derived products in Turkey

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin and widespread food contaminant which results in a probable human exposure. A total of 85 samples (50 dried grapes, 10 grape juices and 25 pekmez (boiled and concentrated grape juices) were collected from different supermarkets and traditional bazaars in Istanbul during 2008–2009. An analytical method based on immuno-affinity column for clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detection was used to determine the OTA. Contamination frequencies were 8%, 20% and 88% with mean concentrations of positive samples of 1.15, 1.40 and 2.04 µg/kg for dried grapes, grape juices and pekmez samples, respectively. These levels were lower than the maximum levels as set by the European Commission (EC). However, 12 of 25 pekmez samples had higher levels than permitted by the European Union (EU) for safe consumption.
Predictors of Benefit Finding in the Adult Children of Patients with Cancer

This study aimed to investigate the predictors of benefit finding in 311 adult children of patients with cancer. Participants completed a comprehensive online/pen-and-paper survey measuring benefit finding, gender of parent, outcome and duration of illness, caregiving experience, and emotional experiences including reaction to diagnosis and grief and loss. Greater benefit finding was positively associated with stronger emotional experiences, satisfaction with the caregiving role, and outcome of parental cancer, explaining 15.3% of the variance in benefit finding. Higher emotional reactions and outcome of parental cancer as significant predictors of parental cancer provide some support for the applicability of theories of post-traumatic growth to this cohort.
First Scattered-light Images of the Gas-rich Debris Disk around 49 Ceti

We present the first scattered-light images of the debris disk around 49 Ceti, a ∼40 Myr A1 main-sequence star at 59 pc, famous for hosting two massive dust belts as well as large quantities of atomic and molecular gas. The outer disk is revealed in reprocessed archival Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS-F110W images, as well as new coronagraphic H-band images from the Very Large Telescope SPHERE instrument. The disk extends from 1. ″1 (65 au) to 4. ″6 (250 au) and is seen at an inclination of 73°, which refines previous measurements at lower angular resolution. We also report no companion detection larger than 3 MJup at projected separations beyond 20 au from the star (0.″34). Comparison between the F110W and H-band images is consistent with a gray color of 49 Ceti’s dust, indicating grains larger than ≳2 μm. Our photometric measurements indicate a scattering efficiency/infrared excess ratio of 0.2–0.4, relatively low compared to other characterized debris disks. We find that 49 Ceti presents morphological and scattering properties very similar to the gas-rich HD 131835 system. From our constraint on the disk inclination we find that the atomic gas previously detected in absorption must extend to the inner disk, and that the latter must be depleted of CO gas. Building on previous studies, we propose a schematic view of the system describing the dust and gas structure around 49 Ceti and hypothetical scenarios for the gas nature and origin.
FLORA E VEGETAZIONE

Sommario In questa memoria l'autore studia la flora e la vegetazione dei terreni derivati dalla serpentina, eufotide, diabase e ftanite, che costituiscono gli affioramenti ofiolitici dell'Alta Valle del Tevere. Nella prima parte, dopo aver descritto le caratteristiche geomorfologiche del territorio studiato (p. 5) e tratteggiate le condizioni climatiche della Valle (p. 11), l'autore studia il suolo di alcune stazioni caratteristiche della serpentina e dell'eufotide eseguendo le seguenti determinazioni: Umidita, Costituzione meccanica, Concentrazione idrogenionica (pH), Contenuto in Carbonati, Calcio di scambio e Magnesio di scambio. Descritti i campioni di terreno studiati (p. 21) e riportate le analisi di essi (p. 27), l'autore prende in esame le caratteristiche dei terreni della serpentina e dell'eufotide confrontandole tra di loro e con i corrispondenti terreni di altre parti d'Europa e di America. L'autore conclude (p. 36) che il suolo dell'eufotide e assai piu favorevole alla vita vegetale di quello .