Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of processes controlling summertime gaseous elemental mercuryoxidation at midlatitudinal marine, coastal, and inland sites

Abstract. A box model incorporating a state-of-the-art chemical mechanism for atmospheric mercury (Hg) cycling was developed to investigate the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) at three locations in the northeastern United States: Appledore Island (AI; marine), Thompson Farm (TF; coastal, rural), and Pack Monadnock (PM; inland, rural, elevated). The chemical mechanism in this box model included the most up-to-date Hg and halogen chemistry. As a result, the box model was able to simulate reasonably the observed diurnal cycles of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and chemical speciation bearing distinct differences between the three sites. In agreement with observations, simulated GOM diurnal cycles at AI and TF showed significant daytime peaks in the afternoon and nighttime minimums compared to flat GOM diurnal cycles at PM. Moreover, significant differences in the magnitude of GOM diurnal amplitude (AI > TF > PM) were captured in modeled results. At the coastal and inland sites, GEM oxidation was predominated by O3 and OH, contributing 80–99 % of total GOM production during daytime. H2O2-initiated GEM oxidation was significant (∼ 33 % of the total GOM) at the inland site during nighttime. In the marine boundary layer (MBL) atmosphere, Br and BrO became dominant GEM oxidants, with mixing ratios reaching 0.1 and 1 pptv, respectively, and contributing ∼ 70 % of the total GOM production during midday, while O3 dominated GEM oxidation (50–90 % of GOM production) over the remaining day when Br and BrO mixing ratios were diminished. The majority of HgBr produced from GEM+Br was oxidized by NO2 and HO2 to form brominated GOM species. Relative humidity and products of the CH3O2+BrO reaction possibly significantly affected the mixing ratios of Br or BrO radicals and subsequently GOM formation. Gas–particle partitioning could potentially be important in the production of GOM as well as Br and BrO at the marine site.
Conserving forest biodiversity in times of violent conflict

Forests are often frontiers, and like all frontiers, they are sites of dynamic social, ecological, political and economic changes. Such dynamism involves constantly changing advantages and disadvantages to different groups of people, which not surprisingly can lead to armed conflict, and all too frequently to war. Many governments have contributed to conflict, however inadvertently, by nationalizing their forests, so that traditional forest inhabitants have been disenfranchised while national governments sell the rights to trees in order to earn foreign exchange. Biodiversity-rich tropical forests in Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Indochina, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Central and West Africa, the Amazon, Colombia, Central America and New Caledonia have all been the sites of armed conflict in recent years, sometimes involving international forces. Forests have sometimes been part of the cause of conflict (as in Myanmar and Sierra Leone) but more often victims of it. Violent conflicts in temperate areas also typically involve forests as shelters for both civilians and combatants, as in the Balkans. While these conflicts have frequently, even invariably, caused negative impacts on biodiversity, peace can be even worse, as it enables forest exploitation to operate with impunity. Because many of the remaining forests are along international borders, international cooperation is required for their conservation. As one response, the concept of international “Peace Parks” is being promoted in many parts of the world as a way of linking biodiversity conservation with national security. The Convention on Biological Diversity, which entered into force at the end of 1993 and now has 187 State Parties, offers a useful framework for such cooperation.
Thirteen years on the hunt for Buxbaumia viridis in the Czech Republic: still on the tip of the iceberg?

Rare epixylic moss Buxbaumia viridis, which is one of the “Annex II” species of the European “Habitat directive”, has been recorded at 124 localities in the Czech Republic in course of the last 13 years. Most of them were discovered in the last five years following a dedicated search at both historical sites of occurrence and new localities with putatively suitable habitat conditions. The recent and historical area of occupancy and extent of occurrence are not obviously different, although most of the recent localities are concentrated in the Western Carpathians and the Hrubý Jesenik Mts. Surprisingly, only 38% of the localities are located in natural forest habitats, of which herb-rich and acidophilous beech forests were among the most commonly inhabited ones. The rest of occurrences were recorded in non-natural forests (habitats strongly influenced or created by man), particularly the coniferous forest plantations. Sufficient amount of decaying wood of the advanced decay stages, as well as sufficient and constant humidity are crucial prerequisites for the occurrence of B. viridis in both types of forests. True epixylic moss Herzogiella seligeri and the liverwort Chiloscyphus profundus were recorded as the most common associated species, while the rest of commonly co-occurring species were facultatively epixylic, ground or ubiquitous bryophytes; other specialized and rare epixylic mosses or liverworts were only rarely recorded. We also designed a potential distribution model for B. viridis based on the distribution of habitats most commonly occupied by the studied moss. Despite the simplicity of the model, its close match with the recent distribution in the Western Carpathians, the Hrubý Jesenik Mts. and Sumava Mts. supports its relevance for the real distribution of B. viridis.
JUMPING RISK IN TAIWAN AND TAIEX OPTION RETURN IN TAIWAN

With low-interest environment in recent years, investment of financial commodity was unable to meet the requirements of necessary paid by society. Therefore, the traditional financial tool were replacing with derivative financial commodity which were high risk, high lever, and high complex; including option, forward contract, futures, credit default swap, and collateralized debt obligations. Global Board Options Exchanges were founded in 1983 that S&PS00 (SPX) index option which launched by the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE). Moreover CBOE was the option which target on trade index at the earliest, and CBOE was the most popular exchange with option trade. Taiwan Futures Exchange (TFE) launched Taiwan weighted index options (TXO) in December 2001 and, and launched stock options in 2003. Currently TXO was the most actively traded options market in Taiwan, but almost had no stock options trading volume due to the release of warrants market. However warrants market and individual stock options had higher homogeneous and better mobility to influence the stock options market. Although Taiwan options market started lately, develops quite fast, the option of Taiwan index was the sixth volume in the global select token name in 2013, that showed that Taiwan index options was a good target on the options-related research. Due to the globalization of financial markets, the single original market waved turn into the global storm which that affected financial asset prices were no longer continuous fluctuations, and it showed a leaps of change by the Butterfly Effect. Because the price process included continuity and discontinuity, the spread and jump process was more accurate than Brownian motion (BM). Currently the derivatives study biased on interest rate futures, foreign futures or foreign exchange futures options and Taiwan index futures options. By the way, the study about the jumping risks related to Taiwan index options effects is rare.
The Use of Laser Energy for Therapeutic Ablation of Intraoral Hard Tissues

This is the first of a series of position papers on various uses of lasers in dentistry, developed by the Science and Research Committee of the Academy of Laser Dentistry (ALD). This position paper was approved by the ALD Board of Directors in March 2007. The paper is not designed as a comprehensive literature review or as a detailed historical document. It covers aspects of the ablation of hard tissues relevant to dentistry, utilizing lasers currently available. The document will be revised and updated as technology changes and improves. It will require several other such papers to describe other applications. The reader is referred initially to the bulleted summary that highlights the key points of the paper, and then to the body of the text for supporting details.
Some New Bounds for the Hadamard Product of a Nonsingular M-matrix and Its Inverse

Some new convergent sequences of the lower bounds of the minimum eigenvalue for the Hadamard product of a nonsingular M-matrix and an inverse M-matrix are given. Numerical examples show that these bounds could reach the true value of the minimum eigenvalue in some cases. These bounds in this paper improve some existing ones.
The Stellar Populations of Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Observations

We present a study of the stellar populations of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs). Our goal is to search for spectroscopic signatures of young and intermediate-age stars and to investigate their relationship with the ionization mechanism in LLAGNs. The method used is based on the stellar population synthesis of the optical continuum of the innermost (20-100 pc) regions in these galaxies. For this purpose, we have collected high spatial resolution optical (2900-5700 Å) STIS spectra of 28 nearby LLAGNs that are available in the Hubble Space Telescope archive. The analysis of these data is compared with a similar analysis also presented here for 51 ground-based spectra of LLAGNs. Our main findings are as follows: (1) No features due to Wolf-Rayet stars were convincingly detected in the STIS spectra. (2) Young stars contribute very little to the optical continuum in the ground-based aperture. However, the fraction of light provided by these stars is higher than 10% in most of the weak-[O I] ([O ]/Hα ≤ 0.25) LLAGN STIS spectra. (3) Intermediate-age stars contribute significantly to the optical continuum of these nuclei. This population is more frequent in objects with weak than with strong [O I]. Weak-[O I] LLAGNs that have young stars stand out for their intermediate-age population. (4) Most of the strong-[O I] LLAGNs have predominantly old stellar population. A few of these objects also show a featureless continuum that contributes significantly to the optical continuum. These results suggest that young and intermediate-age stars do not play a significant role in the ionization of LLAGNs with strong [O I]. However, the ionization in weak-[O I] LLAGNs with young and/or intermediate-age populations could be due to stellar processes. A comparison of the properties of these objects with Seyfert 2 galaxies that harbor a nuclear starburst suggests that weak-[O I] LLAGNs are the lower luminosity counterparts of the Seyfert 2 composite nuclei.
Attitude and Behaviour of Married Males towards Family Planning Uptake of their Spouses in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

Objective To determine the attitude and behaviour of married males towards family planning uptake of their spouses in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Study design -This is a descriptive cross-sectional study design which utilized a semistructured, self-administered, questionnaire. Participants -Four hundred and three voluntary participants who were married males, residing within Ajilosun area of Ado-Ekiti metropolis. Method Across-sectional study was employed in this research to enable any desired data to be collected at one point in time using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to participants who also consented to the survey. Results – There were 403 returned and analyzable questionnaires out of 410 questionnaires administered. The modal age group was 41 -50 years (35.0%). A total number of 23(5.7%) respondents only had primary education, 179(44.5%)secondary education, 161(39.9%)tertiary, while 40(9.9%)had no formal education. The majority of respondents, 202(50.1 %), desired to have 1 -4 children, while 121(30.0%)opted for 5-8 children. Only a smaller fraction, 38(9.4%), depends on God for the size of their family. Although most of the respondents in the study, 265(65.5%), admitted that decisions on family planning practice should be jointly reached by both spouses, 198(49.1 %)reminded their wives to use contraceptives, but only 58(14.4%) attended family planning clinics with their wives. Conclusions – This study highlighted that a far greater number of respondents desired small sized family and also encouraged their wives to use their chosen contraceptives, but majority were not very willing to attend Family planning clinics with their spouses. Strategies to encourage married males to adequately key into family planning programmes should be devised.
Relative competitiveness of irrigated rice cultivars and Aeschynomene denticulata

This study evaluated the relative competitive ability of rice cultivars in the presence of a joint-vetch (Aeschynomene denticulata) biotype, at different replacement levels of plants in the association. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. First, it was determined the population of plants in which the final dry mass remains constant, both for the rice and for the joint-vetch (24 plants per pot). Later, two experiments were carried out to evaluate the competitiveness of the rice cultivars BRS Querencia and BRS Sinuelo CL with joint-vetch plants, both conducted in replacement series, in different crop and weed combinations, varying the relative proportions of plants per pot (24:0, 18:6, 12:12, 6:18 and 0:24). Competitiveness of each species was analyzed by diagrams applied to replacement experiments and by the relative competitiveness indices. Fifty days after the emergence, tillering or number of leaves, height, leaf area and shoot dry mass were determined. Competition occurred between the rice cultivars and the joint-vetch, both were adversely affected, irrespective of the plant proportion. This resulted in reductions in all evaluated variables. Different competitive abilities were observed between rice cultivars in the presence of joint-vetch. The 'BRS Querencia' was more competitive than the 'BRS Sinuelo CL' for all plant proportions and variables tested.
An Insight into GAIT Complex Mediated Translational Silencing

Transcript-specific translational control restricts macrophage inflammatory gene expression. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ induces the phosphorylation of human ribosomal protein L13a and its subsequent release from 60S ribosome. L13a is a component of the interferon-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT). The GAIT complex binds a defined element in the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of ceruloplasmin (Cp) mRNA and causes delayed silencing of translation. In this research, we elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying L13a translational silencing activity. L13a mediates translational silencing particularly, when driven by internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) that requires the initiation factor eIF4G, but is resistant to silencing when driven by eIF4Findependent IRESs. This demonstrates a critical role of the scaffold protein – eIF4G. Global inhibition of protein synthesis by targeting eIF4G is well appreciated in virus infection and apoptosis; however interaction of L13a with eIF4G blocks the 43S complex recruitment showing a unique role of eIF4G in gene specific translational silencing.
Rapid makes risky: Time pressure increases risk seeking in decisions from experience

Time pressure is a common constraint on many real-world decisions, such as those made by traders placing orders in the stock market, bidders in an auction, or gamblers at a casino. Many of these situations also involve elements of risk or uncertainty. Previous research has mostly found that time pressure leads to more risky choices. These previous studies, however, have examined decisions made from probabilities that were explicitly described, rather than learned through experienced outcomes. Here we tested how time pressure influences decisions from experience, while manipulating outcome value. Participants under greater time pressure chose risky options more often, independent of outcome value. Our results suggest that, as with decisions from description, time pressure moderately increases risk seeking in decisions from experience.
Plant defence negates pathogen manipulation of vector behaviour

Summary Although many vector-borne plant pathogens can alter vector behaviour to the pathogen's benefit, how plants might counter such manipulation is unknown. In the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (‘TYLCV’)–Bemisia tabaci–tomato interaction, TYLCV-mediated changes in Bemisia feeding improves viral uptake and transmission. We tested how jasmonic acid (‘JA’), a central regulator of plant antiherbivore defences, affected the ability of TYLCV to (A) manipulate Bemisia behaviour; and (B) infect plants. Viruliferous Bemisia fed much more than virus-free whiteflies on JA-deficient plants, more than virus-free whiteflies on controls, and similarly on high-JA plants. When TYLCV was transmitted via whiteflies, infection levels were lower in high-JA plants relative to JA-deficient and control plants. When TYLCV was transmitted via direct injection, JA-overexpressed and JA-deficient plants had similar infection levels. The JA-mediated cessation of vector manipulation thus reduced infection and lessened pathogen impact. The presence of the JA pathway in many plant species suggests that similar interactions may be widespread in nature. A lay summary is available for this article.
The MPIC Model: The Perspective of the Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

In the target article, Sheldon, Cheng, and Hilpert (this issue) underscore the importance of integrating multiple levels of analysis to appropriately describe human reality. Of major interest is the fact that the authors propose a Multilevel Personality in Context (MPIC) model that may prove useful in understanding the multiple causal influences on subjective well-being and optimal functioning. We commend the authors for taking on such an ambitious project and agree that integrative perspectives in science in general, and personality psychology in particular, represent an important goal to pursue. Although we agree with several elements of the MPIC model, we also disagree with some aspects of the Sheldon et al. model and raise questions with respect to others. Using the Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation (Vallerand, 1997, 2007; Vallerand & Ratelle, 2002) as a lens, the purpose of this article is to present a critique of the MPIC model that focuses on its proposed structure, processes, and outcomes. First, let us briefly describe the Hierarchical Model.
The Market for Corporate Control: The Scientific Evidence

This paper reviews much of the scientific literature on the market for corporate control. The evidence indicates that corporate takeovers generate positive gains, that target firm shareholders benefit, and that bidding firm shareholders do not lose. The gains created by corporate takeovers do not appear to come from the creation of market power. With the exception of actions that exclude potential bidders, it is difficult to find managerial actions related to corporate control that harm shareholders. Finally, we argue the market for corporate control is best viewed as an arena in which managerial teams compete for the rights to manage corporate resources.
Use of the Self-Monitoring Strategy among Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.

This article provides a systematic review of self-monitoring studies published between 2000 and 2016 in order to investigate the effectiveness of implementing a self-monitoring strategy to improve the outcomes of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A total of nine articles and dissertations were located and reviewed. The findings revealed that most of the students with ADHD in these studies showed improvement in their on-task behavior and academic outcomes after participating in a self-monitoring intervention. Future studies should be conducted to confirm the studies’ findings outlined here. Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Self-monitoring intervention, Self-monitoring strategy
Role of ICDS program in delivery of nutritional services and functional integration between anganwadi and health worker in north India

Background: The Integrated Child Development Services ICDS program is poised for universal implementation in India to provide services to children, pregnant and lactating women and adolescent girls in close coordination with the health services for improvement of health status and overall holistic development of children and other beneficiaries. However there remain questions on its effectiveness in delivering desired services.
Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization to improve the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma following curative resection

The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following curative resection, and evaluate the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in improving prognosis. A total of 166 patients who underwent curative resection followed by adjuvant TACE, and 190 patients who underwent curative resection alone were studied retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors of recurrence. Separated based on risk factors, subgroup studies were conducted and the association between TACE and recurrence rates was examined. Postoperative overall survival rates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between the two therapeutic strategies were identified through log-rank analysis. Computerized tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were used to evaluate the function of postoperative adjuvant TACE for enhancing the efficacy of CT/MRI in detecting recurrence. The results of the univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that tumor capsule invasion, vascular invasion, and multiple nodules were risk factors of early recurrence. For patients with these risk factors, recurrence rates were markedly decreased at 6 and 12 months, but not at 18 and 24 months, if TACE was added to curative resection. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) was a risk factor for late recurrence. Postoperative TACE was not effective in reducing the recurrence rate in patients with HBV. Survival increased following curative resection with TACE compared with curative resection alone. Furthermore, adjuvant TACE enhanced the efficacy of CT/MRI in detecting recurrence. Postoperative adjuvant TACE may improve the prognosis of HCC following curative resection.
Regularized Regression Incorporating Network Information: Simultaneous Estimation of Covariate Coefficients and Connection Signs

We develop an algorithm that incorporates network information into regression settings. It simultaneously estimates the covariate coefficients and the signs of the network connections (i.e. whether the connections are of an activating or of a repressing type). For the coefficient estimation steps an additional penalty is set on top of the lasso penalty, similarly to Li and Li (2008). We develop a fast implementation for the new method based on coordinate descent. Furthermore, we show how the new methods can be applied to time-to-event data. The new method yields good results in simulation studies concerning sensitivity and specificity of non-zero covariate coefficients, estimation of network connection signs, and prediction performance. We also apply the new method to two microarray time-to-event data sets from patients with ovarian cancer and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The new method performs very well in both cases. The main application of this new method is of biomedical nature, but it may also be useful in other fields where network data is available.