Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of the Water Reservoir in a Forming Planetary System

The detection of cold water vapor in a nearby planet-forming disk suggests that water ice exists in its outer regions. Icy bodies may have delivered the oceans to the early Earth, yet little is known about water in the ice-dominated regions of extrasolar planet-forming disks. The Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared on board the Herschel Space Observatory has detected emission lines from both spin isomers of cold water vapor from the disk around the young star TW Hydrae. This water vapor likely originates from ice-coated solids near the disk surface, hinting at a water ice reservoir equivalent to several thousand Earth oceans in mass. The water’s ortho-to-para ratio falls well below that of solar system comets, suggesting that comets contain heterogeneous ice mixtures collected across the entire solar nebula during the early stages of planetary birth.
Physical Health and Drug Safety in Individuals with Schizophrenia

Background: While antipsychotic medications are the mainstay of therapy for individuals with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, their use is associated with adverse effects on physical health that require the attention and care of prescribers. Methods: We used the ADAPTE process to adapt existing guideline recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) guidelines on the dosing of antipsychotics and antipsychotic polypharmacy, screening for adverse effects of antipsychotics, and management of metabolic and extrapyramidal side effects to the Canadian context. Results: Prescribers are encouraged to use the lowest effective dose and to avoid the routine use of multiple antipsychotics. Scheduled monitoring of body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, lipids, prolactin, electrocardiograms, and extrapyramidal symptoms is recommended. Lifestyle interventions are recommended to mitigate antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Prescribers should follow Canadian guidelines on the treatment of obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Recommendations on antipsychotic drug choice are made for users particularly concerned about extrapyramidal symptoms. Conclusion: Careful monitoring and attention by prescribers may mitigate adverse effects associated with antipsychotic medications.
Stigma Resistance in Stable Schizophrenia: The Relative Contributions of Stereotype Endorsement, Self-Reflection, Self-Esteem, and Coping Styles

Objective: Stigma resistance (SR) has recently emerged as a prominent aspect of research on recovery from schizophrenia, partly because studies have suggested that the development of stigma-resisting beliefs may help individuals lead a fulfilling life and recover from their mental illness. The present study assessed the relationship between personal SR ability and prediction variables such as self-stigma, self-esteem, self-reflection, coping styles, and psychotic symptomatology. Method: We performed an exploratory cross-sectional study of 170 community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Self-stigma, self-esteem, self-reflection, coping skills, and SR were assessed through self-report. Psychotic symptom severity was rated by the interviewers. Factors showing significant association in univariate analyses were included in a stepwise backward regression model. Results: Stepwise regressions revealed that acceptance of stereotypes of mental illness, self-esteem, self-reflection, and only 2 adaptive coping strategies (positive reinterpretation and religious coping) were significant predictors of SR. The prediction model accounted for 27.1% of the variance in the SR subscale score in our sample. Conclusions: Greater reflective capacity, greater self-esteem, greater preferences for positive reinterpretation and religious coping, and fewer endorsements of the stereotypes of mental illness may be key factors that relate to higher levels of SR. These factors are potentially modifiable in tailored interventions, and such modification may produce considerable improvements in the SR of the investigated population. This study has implications for psychosocial rehabilitation and emerging views of recovery from mental illness.
Exercise for Cognitive Symptoms in Depression: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies

Objective: To explore the effect of exercise on cognition in depression as well as the impact of potential moderators and intervention type. Method: Controlled and uncontrolled interventional studies that described an exercise intervention and cognitive outcomes in participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) were included following a search of Pubmed, Ovid Medline, PsycInfo and Embase from inception to January 2017. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate Hedges’ g using a random-effects model. Meta-regression explored the relationships among age, baseline cognition, frequency and duration of exercise, and cognitive outcomes. Subgroup analyses were also conducted according to type and intensity of exercise interventions. Results: Of 12 controlled studies and 3 uncontrolled studies that met inclusion criteria, 9 (642 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. No significant effect of exercise was found on global cognition (Hedges’ g = 0.08, P = 0.33, I2 = 0%) or on individual cognitive domains. Meta-regression analyses failed to find significant relationships among participant age, baseline cognition, number of exercise sessions per wk, duration of exercise per wk, total duration of exercise during the intervention, or improvement in global cognition. Interventions combining physical with cognitive activity significantly improved global cognition (P = 0.048), whereas low-intensity interventions were also positive (P = 0.048). Conclusions: No impact of physical exercise was found on cognition in MDD overall. However, we found that interventions combining physical and cognitive activities had a positive impact, and that lower-intensity interventions, where adherence was improved, also impacted positively. There remains a lack of high-quality data in this population.
To Group or Not to Group?

The benefits of cooperation can drive the evolution of a population structure that supports cooperative behavior. The phenomenon of cooperation between potentially competing individuals raises an interesting question related to evolution: Why should a competitor favor someone else's fitness at the expense of its own (1, 2)? One way to approach this question is through insights on how cooperation and population structure coevolve.
Men’s Mental Health: Social Determinants and Implications for Services

Numerous scholars have stated that there is a silent crisis in men’s mental health. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of core issues in the field of men’s mental health, including a discussion of key social determinants as well as implications for mental health services. Firstly, we review the basic epidemiology of mental disorders with a high incidence and prevalence in men, including suicide and substance use disorder. Secondly, we examine controversies around the low reported rates of depression in men, discussing possible measurement and reporting biases. Thirdly, we explore common risk factors and social determinants that may explain higher rates of certain mental health outcomes in men. This includes a discussion of 1) occupational and employment issues; 2) family issues and divorce; 3) adverse childhood experience; and 4) other life transitions, notably parenthood. Fourthly, we document and analyze low rates of mental health service utilization in men. This includes a consideration of the role of dominant notions of masculinity (such as stubbornness and self-reliance) in deterring service utilization. Fifthly, we note that some discourse on the role of masculinity contains much “victim blaming,” often adopting a reproachful deficit-based model. We argue that this can deflect attention away from social determinants as well as issues within the mental health system, such as claims that it is “feminized” and unresponsive to men’s needs. We conclude by calling for a multipronged public health–inspired approach to improve men’s mental health, involving concerted action at the individual, health services, and societal levels.
The Relationship between Adult Attachment and Mental Health Care Utilization: A Systematic Review

Objective: Several studies have shown a relationship between individual attachment and various aspects of treatment utilization in individuals with medical problems as well as mental health disorders. This review systematically evaluates existing literature targeting the relationship between attachment and all aspects of treatment utilization, such as engagement, participation, and completion, in adults with mental health problems. Method: A computerized search of PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Healthstar and a manual search were employed. Of 5733 titles, 105 abstracts were selected. Of these, 18 studies met full inclusion criteria. The quality of studies was evaluated and scored according to 9 characteristics. Results: Most studies supported an association between attachment and treatment engagement and participation. In general, attachment anxiety was associated with higher engagement and participation in services while attachment avoidance was associated with less. Data regarding attachment dimensions and treatment completion were less conclusive. Conclusions: The review suggests a clear relationship between attachment and stages of treatment engagement and participation in a variety of psychiatric populations and treatments. The 2 attachment dimensions appear to have opposite effects, with possible risks for either treatment over- or underutilization. Clinical implications are discussed.
Can angle of progression in pregnant women before onset of labor predict mode of delivery?

The angle of progression (AOP), measured by transperineal ultrasound, has been used to assess fetal head descent during labor. Our aim was to assess whether, before onset of labor, parous women have a narrower AOP than do nulliparous women and if a narrow AOP is associated with a higher rate of Cesarean delivery.
Degradation of Paternal Mitochondria by Fertilization-Triggered Autophagy in C. elegans Embryos

Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA results from autophagy-dependent clearance of paternal mitochondria. The mitochondrial genome is believed to be maternally inherited in many eukaryotes. Sperm-derived paternal mitochondria enter the oocyte cytoplasm upon fertilization and then normally disappear during early embryogenesis. However, the mechanism responsible for this clearance has been unknown. Here, we show that autophagy, which delivers cytosolic components to lysosomes for degradation, is required for the elimination of paternal mitochondria in Caenorhabditis elegans. Immediately after fertilization, sperm-derived components trigger the localized induction of autophagy around sperm mitochondria. Autophagosomes engulf paternal mitochondria, resulting in their lysosomal degradation during early embryogenesis. In autophagy-defective zygotes, paternal mitochondria and their genome remain even in the first larval stage. Thus, fertilization-triggered autophagy is required for selective degradation of paternal mitochondria and thereby maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA.
Fatty Acids Identified in the Burmese Python Promote Beneficial Cardiac Growth

A specific set of circulating fatty acids triggers cardiac hypertrophy in snakes and mammals. Burmese pythons display a marked increase in heart mass after a large meal. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of this physiological heart growth with the goal of applying this knowledge to the mammalian heart. We found that heart growth in pythons is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy in the absence of cell proliferation and by activation of physiological signal transduction pathways. Despite high levels of circulating lipids, the postprandial python heart does not accumulate triglycerides or fatty acids. Instead, there is robust activation of pathways of fatty acid transport and oxidation combined with increased expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, a cardioprotective enzyme. We also identified a combination of fatty acids in python plasma that promotes physiological heart growth when injected into either pythons or mice.
Early Gamma Oscillations Synchronize Developing Thalamus and Cortex

Thalamic gamma rhythms help develop highly spatially and laminar-specific ascending cortical projections. During development, formation of topographic maps in sensory cortex requires precise temporal binding in thalamocortical networks. However, the physiological substrate for such synchronization is unknown. We report that early gamma oscillations (EGOs) enable precise spatiotemporal thalamocortical synchronization in the neonatal rat whisker sensory system. Driven by a thalamic gamma oscillator and initially independent of cortical inhibition, EGOs synchronize neurons in a single thalamic barreloid and corresponding cortical barrel and support plasticity at developing thalamocortical synapses. We propose that the multiple replay of sensory input in thalamocortical circuits during EGOs allows thalamic and cortical neurons to be organized into vertical topographic functional units before the development of horizontal binding in adult brain.
Gaming for Health

This systematic review examined the physical and cognitive effects of physically based interactive computer games (ICGs) in older adults. Literature searching was carried out from January 2000 to June 2011. Eligible studies were trials involving older adults (>65 years) describing the effects of ICGs with a physical component (aerobic, strength, balance, flexibility) on physical or cognitive outcomes. Secondary outcomes included adverse effects, compliance, and enjoyment. Twelve trials met the inclusion criteria. ICG interventions varied in terms of software, game type, and nature of the computer interaction. Although there was preliminary evidence that ICG is a safe and effective exercise intervention for older adults, the dearth of high-quality evidence limits this finding. No major adverse effects were reported and two studies reported minor events. ICG could be improved further by tailoring interventions for older adults; in particular, they should aim to optimize participant safety, motivation, and enjoyment for this population.
Determining the causes of pre-hospital cardiac arrest: its relationship to the Korean legal system

Determining the cause of sudden cardiac deaths is an important medical task in terms of the health policy of emergency medical services and emergency medical service operations. At present, based on the Korean Medical Service Act, deciding the cause of death for certification can be done only by medical doctors. Because the office of coroner does not exist in South Korea, most deaths, excluding thosethat take place in hospital settings or which occur within 48 hours of discharge, are declared by emergency physicians in the emergency department (ED). This means that sudden deaths are in the majority recorded by emergency physicians. Basing a cause of death solely on clinical diagnosis in the ED has a high potential for error, which directly affects the reliability of statistical data about overall deaths. However, the Korean prevalence of autopsy cases is extremely low. In order to perform an autopsy on a patient with an unknown cause of death, autopsies must currently be performed only where they are permitted by regional legislation.
Leaving Home

Using the concepts in the Fogg Behavioral Model, 37 volunteers aged 50 and older described their preparation for intensive volunteering with faith-based organizations. Their multistage preparation process included decision points where respondents needed to choose whether to drop out or continue preparation. Ability was a stronger determinant of serving than motivation, particularly in terms of health and finances. This model can facilitate understanding of the barriers to volunteering and aid organizations in tailoring support at crucial points for potential older volunteers in intensive service.
Indirect pump: unique presentation of a monochorionic–triamniotic triplet gestation complicated by TRAP sequence and successfully managed with radiofrequency ablation of the acardiac fetus

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare complication of multiple gestations. Only a few cases of TRAP sequence in monochorionic triplets have been reported. Here we report a case of TRAP sequence in a monochorionic–triamniotic triplet gestation treated with radiofrequency ablation of the acardiac fetus. The response to the radiofrequency ablation procedure and subsequent examination of the placenta support the hypothesis of an ‘indirect’ pump triplet. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Structural Basis of Silencing: Sir3 BAH Domain in Complex with a Nucleosome at 3.0 Å Resolution

A regulatory protein forms extensive interactions with the nucleosome core particle to create the basis for gene silencing. Gene silencing is essential for regulating cell fate in eukaryotes. Altered chromatin architectures contribute to maintaining the silenced state in a variety of species. The silent information regulator (Sir) proteins regulate mating type in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of these proteins, Sir3, interacts directly with the nucleosome to help generate silenced domains. We determined the crystal structure of a complex of the yeast Sir3 BAH (bromo-associated homology) domain and the nucleosome core particle at 3.0 angstrom resolution. We see multiple molecular interactions between the protein surfaces of the nucleosome and the BAH domain that explain numerous genetic mutations. These interactions are accompanied by structural rearrangements in both the nucleosome and the BAH domain. The structure explains how covalent modifications on H4K16 and H3K79 regulate formation of a silencing complex that contains the nucleosome as a central component.
Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet

An exoplanet has been observed, comparable in size and mass to Saturn, that orbits a pair of stars. We report the detection of a planet whose orbit surrounds a pair of low-mass stars. Data from the Kepler spacecraft reveal transits of the planet across both stars, in addition to the mutual eclipses of the stars, giving precise constraints on the absolute dimensions of all three bodies. The planet is comparable to Saturn in mass and size and is on a nearly circular 229-day orbit around its two parent stars. The eclipsing stars are 20 and 69% as massive as the Sun and have an eccentric 41-day orbit. The motions of all three bodies are confined to within 0.5° of a single plane, suggesting that the planet formed within a circumbinary disk.
Affirmative Action Policies Promote Women and Do Not Harm Efficiency in the Laboratory

Girl Power The potential of affirmative action policies to reduce overall outcomes because of lower individual performance has been discussed widely and at length. But do quotas or preferential treatment of applicants alter the pool of candidates? Balafoutas and Sutter (p. 579; see the Perspective by Villeval) used an existing laboratory-based task to assess the change in composition of winning candidates and the overall outcome as a function of three affirmative action policies. Policies designed to encourage more women to enter a competitive environment served to recruit enough high-performing individuals to ensure that the efficiency in performing the task was preserved. Beaman et al. (p. 582, published online 12 January) examined the effects of a constitutionally mandated reservation of village-council and council-leader positions for women in West Bengal after two election cycles (1998 and 2003). The program appeared to narrow the gender gap in aspirations of parents for their children and of children for themselves; in addition, teenage girls spent more time in school and less on household chores. Beliefs and attitudes changed only after the second set of elections—that is, after a longer exposure to female role models—complementing the more rapid policy changes instituted by women council leaders after the first round of elections. Increasing the representation of competition-averse individuals does not alter overall output. Gender differences in choosing to enter competitions are one source of unequal labor market outcomes concerning wages and promotions. Given that studying the effects of policy interventions to support women is difficult with field data because of measurement problems and potential lack of control, we evaluated, in a set of controlled laboratory experiments, four interventions: quotas, where one of two winners of a competition must be female; two variants of preferential treatment, where a fixed increment is added to women’s performance; and repetition of the competition, where a second competition takes place if no woman is among the winners. Compared with no intervention, all interventions encourage women to enter competitions more often, and performance is at least equally good, both during and after the competition.
Is exhaled breath temperature the new asthma inflammometer

Exhaled Breath Temperature has been proposed by many studies as a new biomarker in asthma control. It is thought to be a different physiological characteristic to core temperature and has been shown to be higher in asthmatics than non-asthmatics. A previous study has shown that EBT correlates to Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO) in a small subset of mild asthmatics that did not have a recent infectious episode. However, the study population were subject to a number of strict conditions that we feel are not realistic to obtain in a busy clinic environment. Therefore, our aim in this study was to clarify the relationship of EBT to current measures of asthma control under normal clinic conditions. Our patients had a range of severity and were not excluded if they had current or recent infection. There were no restrictions placed on their physical activity or dietary intake on the morning of clinic. We compared EBT with the current markers of asthma control e.g. FENO, FEV1, Current BTS step, and FEV1/FVC ratio. We also compared EBT to clinician's blinded decision (e.g increase treatment, decreased treatment or no change) and between children on different medications. The devices used were both handheld; FENO (NOBreathTM, Bedfont, England) and EBT (XhaloTM, Delmedica, Singapore). All measurements were taken in clinic between 09:00 and 12:30. Cross sectional study with 140 patients aged 4-16 years attending outpatient asthma clinic from June 2010-Aug 2011. The Range of EBT was 27.4–35.16 (mean 32.94). There was no correlation between EBT and logFENO (r=0.08), FEV1 (r=0.13) or FEV1/FVC ratio (r=−0.1). There were also no association between EBT and BTS step (ANOVA p=0.13), decision (ANOVA p=0.81) or difference in those on inhaled corticosteroids versus those not (t-test p=0.3) EBT as measured using the XHalo device did not correlate with established measures of asthma control. Further research is required to determine whether its serial use in individual patients would be beneficial. Another question that needs addressed is whether EBT has got a clinical use as an “inflamometer” if it can only be used under strict conditions.