Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of preterm birth and low birth weight babies among Roma and non-Roma mothers: a population-based study

Background: In 2009, 8.4% of live births in Hungary were low birth weight (LBW) and 8.7% were preterm (PTB). Roma are disproportionately represented in Northern Hungary where LBW and PTB are highest in the country (10.3% equally). This study evaluates the risk factors for LBW and/or PTB among the Roma and non-Roma popu- lations in two Northern Hungarian counties. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5469 non-Roma and 2287 Roma mothers who gave birth in 2009. Women were visited by the Maternal and Child Health Service nurses and completed in-person structured surveys on demographic, socio-economic, cultural and lifestyle factors. These data were combined with biometric data from hospital records. Bivariate statistics and a logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk factors for LBW and PTB. Results: Roma had a higher incidence of PTB and LBW babies compared with non-Roma women (PTB 9.9% vs. 7.1%, LBW 12.2% vs. 6.5% P =0.001). However, ethnicity was not related to PTB and LBW in multivariable analyses, when controlling for socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Factors associated with LBW and PTB include being underweight, advanced maternal age, and smoking. Conclusion: Strategies that ensure healthy lifestyles must be well integrated in family-based interventions and in the schools, with special consideration for Roma women who have a higher prevalence of deleterious lifestyles and poor birth outcomes. Ensuring a healthy body weight and no smoking has important implications for the mother and foetus. Background: Prevalence rates of psychosocial stress during pregnancy are substantial. Evidence for associations between psychosocial stress and birth outcomes is inconsistent. This study aims to identify and characterize different clusters of pregnant women, each with a distinct pattern of psychosocial stress, and investigate whether birth outcomes differ between these clusters. Methods: Latent class analysis was performed on data of 7740 pregnant women (Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study). Included constructs were depressive symptoms, state anxiety, job strain, pregnancy-related anxiety and parenting stress. Results: Five clusters of women with distinct patterns of psychosocial stress were objectively identified. Babies born from women in the cluster characterized as ‘high depression and high anxiety, moderate job strain’ (12%) had a lower birth weight, and those in the ‘high depression and high anxiety, not employed’ cluster (15%) had an increased risk of pre-term birth. Conclusions: Babies from pregnant women reporting both high levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms are at highest risk for adverse birth outcomes.
Efficacy of rifabutin in the treatment of disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium avium complex. The Rifabutin Treatment Group.

The incidence of infection with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is increasing among patients with AIDS. Although numerous antimicrobial regimens have been proposed as treatment for this infection, it is unclear which therapy is most effective. For this reason, we prospectively evaluated rifabutin (600 mg/d) vs. a placebo, each in combination with clofazimine and ethambutol, for the treatment of MAC bacteremia. Patients in the rifabutin group had a significantly higher rate of microbiological response (defined as either sterilization of the blood or at least a 2-log10 reduction in mycobacterial titers). By week 4 of therapy, 7 of 11 patients receiving rifabutin, vs. 0 of 13 in the placebo group, had responded (P < .001). Similar results were seen at later time points (7 of 10 vs. 1 of 8 responded to rifabutin by week 8, and 6 of 9 vs. 1 of 7 responded to a placebo by week 12). These results indicate that, in combination with other antimicrobial agents, rifabutin may be effective in the treatment of disseminated MAC infection.
Hipertexto en periodismo: realidad e investigaciones de futuro

El uso del hipertexto en las piezas periodisticas es una de las caracteristicas del lenguaje digital aplicadas a la informacion que antes se han estudiado, y que, a pesar de su importancia en un sistema propiamente hipertextual como es la world wide web, han recibido menos continuidad en la investigacion en comunicacion. En los ultimos anos, sin embargo, desde diversas perspectivas se ha renovado el interes por estudiar esta cuestion. Al mismo tiempo, se ha observado una cierta inconsistencia en el uso de esta caracteristica por parte de los profesionales del periodismo. Por ello, se explica brevemente cual es el estado de la cuestion y algunas tendencias en el estudio del hipertexto periodistico.
HEART RATE AT LACTATE THRESHOLD AND CYCLING TIME TRIALS

The purpose of this investigation was to relate the heart rate and lactate response during simulated cycling time trials to incremental laboratory tests. Subjects (N = 10) were tested for &OV0312;O2max (56.1 ± 2.4 ml·kg−1·min−1) and lactate threshold during incremental tests to exhaustion. Power output and heart rate (HR) at threshold was assessed by 3 methods: lactate deflection point (LaT), onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), and the point on the lactate curve at maximal distance from a line connecting starting and finishing power output (Dmax). Power output determined at these thresholds was 282.1 ± 4.2, 302.5 ± 1.3, and 296.0 ± 1.8 W, respectively, whereas HR was determined to be 88.6 ± 0.01, 92.2 ± 0.01, and 91.0 ± 0.01% of maximum, respectively. Power output and HR were significantly lower for LaT than for the other 2 methods (p < 0.05). On separate visits, cyclists were instructed to perform maximum efforts for 30 and 60 minutes (30TT and 60TT). Lactate, HR, perceived exertion (RPE), and metabolic variables were measured during the time trials. During the 30TT, participants sustained a significantly higher lac-tate level (5.29 ± 0.3 vs. 3.43 ± 0.3 mmol·L−1, p < 0.001), percentage of maximum HR (%HRmax) (90.3 ± 0.02 vs. 84.6 ± 0.01, p = 0.009), and overall RPE (15.5 ± 0.5 vs. 14.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.009), than during the 60TT. &OV0312;O2 was not significantly different between the time trials; however, &OV0312;CO2 (p = 0.008), ventilation (p = 0.004), and respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.02) were significantly higher during the 30TT. Correlations were found between HR at LaT (r = 0.78), OBLA (r = 0.78), and Dmax (r = 0.71) for the 60TT, but not for the 30TT. These data suggest that despite a large variability in blood lactate during time trial efforts of 30 and 60 minutes (from 1.8 to 10.8 mmol·L−1), HR was consistently 90% of maximum for the 30TT and 85% for the 60TT. HR during the 30TT was approximated by HR corresponding to OBLA and Dmax, whereas HR during 60TT was approximated by LaT.
Brachmann–de Lange syndrome (BDLS) with asymmetry and skin pigmentary anomalies: A result of mosaicism for a putative bdls gene mutation?

Brachmann–de Lange syndrome (BDLS, OMIM 122470) is a rare malformation syndrome characterized by mental retardation, short stature, limb abnormalities, and a distinctive craniofacial appearance. There is wide clinical variability and mildly affected patients are common. The genetic basis of BDLS and the reasons for its phenotypical variability are still unknown. We report on a patient with mild BDLS and the unusual findings of asymmetric growth of one body half and irregularly shaped pigmentary anomalies of the skin. These two traits have not been previously described in BDLS but have been associated with phenomena of genetic mosaicism in other conditions. We suggest that this patient's phenotype could be the result of mosaicism for a mutation or submicroscopic deletion affecting one or several genes responsible for BDLS. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The unexpected killer: effects of stimulus threat and negative affectivity on inattentional blindness

ABSTRACT Inattentional blindness (IB) occurs when observers fail to detect unexpected objects or events. Despite the adaptive importance of detecting unexpected threats, relatively little research has examined how stimulus threat influences IB. The current study was designed to explore the effects of stimulus threat on IB. Past research has also demonstrated that individuals with elevated negative affectivity have an attentional bias towards threat-related stimuli; therefore, the current study also examined whether state and trait levels of negative affectivity predicted IB for threat-related stimuli. One hundred and eleven participants (87 female, aged 17–40 years) completed an IB task that included both threat-related and neutral unexpected stimuli, while their eye movements were tracked. Participants were significantly more likely to detect the threatening stimulus (19%) than the neutral stimulus (11%) p = . 035, odds ratio (OR) = 4.0, 95% confidence interval OR [1.13, 14.17]. Neither state nor trait levels of negative affectivity were significantly associated with IB. These results suggest observers are more likely to detect threat-related unexpected objects, consistent with the threat superiority effect observed in other paradigms. However, most observers were blind to both unexpected stimuli, highlighting the profound influence of expectations and task demands on our ability to perceive even potentially urgent and life-threatening information.
Correction for geometric distortion in echo planar images from B0 field variations

A method is described for the correction of geometric distortions occurring in echo planar images. The geometric distortions are caused in large part by static magnetic field inho‐mogeneities, leading to pixel shifts, particularly in the phase encode direction. By characterizing the field inhomogeneities from a field map, the image can be unwarped so that accurate alignment to conventionally collected images can be made. The algorithm to perform the unwarping is described, and results from echo planar images collected at 1.5 and 4 Tesla are shown.
Antioxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects of aloesin derivatives in Aloe vera.

Antioxidant components in Aloe vera were examined for lipid peroxidation using rat liver microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes. Among the aloesin derivatives examined, isorabaichromone showed a potent antioxidative activity. The DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities were determined. As one of the most potent components, isorabaichromone together with feruloylaloesin and p-coumaroylaloesin showed potent DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities. Electron spin resonance (ESR) using the spin trapping method suggested that the potent superoxide anion scavenging activity of isorabaichromone may have been due to its caffeoyl group. As A. vera has long been used to promote wound healing, the inhibitory effects of aloesin derivatives for cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 and thromboxane (Tx) A 2 synthase were examined and the participation of p-coumaroyl and feruloyl ester groups in the aloesin skeleton was demonstrated. These findings may explain, at least in part, the wound healing effects of A.vera. Abbreviations. ADP:adenosine diphosphate ASA:ascorbic acid BHT:butylated hydroxytoluene BSA:bovine serum albumin DMPO:5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide DPPH:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl EDTA:edetic acid HEPES: N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine- N-2'-ethane-sulfonic acid NADH:reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADPH:reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NBT:nitroblue tetrazolium Pg:prostaglandin SOD:superoxide dismutase TBA:thiobarbituric acid TCA:trichloroacetic acid XOD:xanthine oxidase
The discrete memoryless multiple access channel with partially cooperating encoders

We introduce the communication situation in which the encoders of a multiple access channel are partially cooperating. These encoders are connected by communication links with finite capacities, which permit both encoders to communicate with each other. First we give a general definition of such a communication process (conference). Then, by proving a converse and giving an achievability proof, we establish the capacity region of the multiple access channel with partially cooperating encoders. It turns out that the optimal conference is very simple.
Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis

Background Atherosclerosis begins during preadolescence and is occurring at an accelerated rate. This acceleration has been linked to poor lifestyle behaviors and subsequent cardiometabolic complications. Although the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors has been recognized for over 2 decades, previous studies in children have predominantly examined the relationships between atherosclerosis and individual cardiometabolic risk factors or have grouped together preadolescent and adolescent children. Further, no known studies have included glycated hemoglobin or central hemodynamic measures such as central systolic blood pressure and augmentation index. Methods and Results Principal component analysis was performed on a cross‐sectional sample of 392 children (aged 9.5 years, 50% girls) from 3 representative sample sites across New Zealand. Four factors explained 60% of the variance in the measured variables. In order of variance explained, the factors were: blood pressure (central systolic blood pressure and peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressure), adiposity (waist circumference, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin), lipids (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), and vascular (augmentation index, heart rate, and fasting blood glucose). Conclusions In accordance with previous findings in adults and adolescents, one common factor is unlikely to define cardiometabolic health in preadolescent children. Each of the factors, except vascular, which was predominantly explained by augmentation index, are in agreement with previous findings in adolescents. An additional novel finding was that glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose loaded onto different factors, supporting previous work suggesting that fasting blood glucose indicates short‐term glycemic control, whereas glycated hemoglobin reflects chronic glycemic control. Clinical Trial Registration URL: www.anzctr. org.au/. ID: ACTRN12614000433606.
On Being Rejected: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Research on Rejection

This article presents the first meta-analysis of experimental research on rejection, sampling 88 studies. The results are consistent with a needs account, which states that rejection frustrates basic psychological needs, but not with a numbness account, which states that rejection causes physical and emotional numbness. Rejection moderately lowers mood (d = −0.50) and self-esteem (d = −0.70), but does not decrease arousal or flatten affect. Both belonging (d = 0.69) and control (d = 1.16) are frustrated by rejection. Aggressive responses to rejection, considered paradoxical by some, appear to be due to attempts to gain control; measures that contrast belonging and control (d = −1.17) cause antisocial responding, whereas measures that do not allow for control to be restored cause prosocial responding (d = 1.21). These findings suggest that rejection makes individuals feel bad—ready to act to restore control or belonging—and that they will prioritize restoring control even if it requires being antisocial.
Reasoning about scientific evidence: effects of juror gender and evidence quality on juror decisions in a hostile work environment case.

This study examined whether participants were sensitive to variations in the quality of an experiment discussed by an expert witness and whether they used heuristic cues when evaluating the expert evidence. In the context of a hostile work environment case, different versions of the expert testimony varied the presence of heuristic cues (i.e., whether the expert's research was generally accepted or ecologically valid) and evidence quality (i.e., the construct validity of the expert's research). Men who heard expert testimony were more likely to find that the plaintiff's workplace was hostile than were men who did not hear the expert testimony; expert testimony did not influence women's liability judgments. Heuristic cues influenced participant evaluations of the expert testimony validity, but evidence quality did not. Cross-examination did not increase juror sensitivity to evidence quality. Implications for science in the legal system are discussed.
The “Trust Gap” Hypothesis: Predicting Support for Biotechnology Across National Cultures as a Function of Trust in Actors

Using results from the 1999 Eurobarometer survey and a parallel telephone survey done in the United States in 2000, this study explored the relationship between levels of knowledge, educational levels, and degrees of encouragement for biotechnology development across a number of medical and agricultural applications. This cross‐cultural exploration found only weak relationships among these variables, calling into question the common assumption that higher science literacy produces greater acceptance (whether or not mediated by lower perceived risk). The relationship between encouragement and trust in specific social institutions was also weak. However, regression analysis based on “trust gap” variables (defined as numerical differences between trust in specific pairs of actors) did predict national levels of encouragement for several applications, suggesting an opinion formation climate in which audiences are actively choosing among competing claims. Differences between European and U.S. reactions to biotechnology appear to be a result of different trust and especially “trust gap” patterns, rather than differences in knowledge or education.
Chemotherapy and Angiogenesis in Advanced Cancer: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Decline as Predictor of Disease Control during Taxol Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth. Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) represents the main angiogenic factor, the control of VEGF secretion could constitute the most important mechanism to achieve the inhibition of angiogenesis-related processes. High blood concentrations have been proven to correlate with poor prognosis in advanced cancer. In experimental conditions, chemotherapeutic agents such as taxol appeared to inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis, while at present there are no data about the influence of chemotherapy on VEGF secretion in cancer patients. This preliminary study was performed to evaluate the effect of taxol therapy on VEGF secretion in advanced cancer patients in relation to the clinical response. The study included 14 patients with metastatic breast cancer who were treated with taxol monochemotherapy (175 mg/m2 i.v. every 21 days for three cycles). Serum levels of VEGF were measured by ELISA in blood samples collected before therapy and at 21-day intervals. The clinical response consisted of partial response (PR) in three and stable disease (SD) in six patients, whereas the other five patients had progressive disease (PD). Abnormally high pre-treatment levels of VEGF were seen in 8/14 patients. VEGF mean values significantly decreased during taxol therapy in patients with PR or SD, whereas no decline was observed in patients with PD. Moreover, the percent of normalization or decline greater than 50% in VEGF levels was significantly higher in patients with PR or SD than in those with PD (5/9 vs. 0/5). This preliminary study would suggest that the efficacy of taxol therapy in metastatic breast cancer - at least in terms of disease stabilization - may be associated with a decrease in VEGF blood levels followed by potential inhibition of cancer-related neovascularization.
Predicting patients at high-risk of systemic reactions to cluster allergen immunotherapy: a pilot prospective observational study.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with increased risk of adverse systemic reactions to cluster allergen immunotherapy and to create a preliminary predictive clinical model. METHODS In a prospective observational study, the tolerance of 611 patients with seasonal respiratory diseases who were receiving cluster immunotherapy was monitored and all systemic reactions were recorded. Associations between potential prognostic factors (sex, age, respiratory disease, severity, duration of disease, previous immunotherapy, nonseasonal symptoms, skin prick test, total immunoglobulin (Ig) E, specific IgE, treatment schedule, allergenic composition, batch, date of treatment, habitat, place of residence) and systemic reactions were estimated. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to build a predictive clinical model and estimate the probability of systemic reactions to cluster immunotherapy. RESULTS Sixty-five patients (10.6%) suffered systemic reactions. Only 7 independent risk factors were retained in the final model: age over 14 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.6), previous immunotherapy (OR, 0.3), skin prick test positive to Chenopodium album (white goosefoot) (OR, 3.0), elevated specific IgE to grass pollen (OR, 2.3), elevated specific IgE to olive pollen (OR, 4.1), olive pollen 100% composition (OR, 2.6) and treatment schedule (OR, 1, 1.6 or 7.1, depending on the cluster immunotherapy schedule). CONCLUSIONS This predictive model, derived from simple clinical variables, has excellent ability to assess individual risk of suffering systemic reactions to cluster allergen immunotherapy. Detecting high-risk patients can help clinicians to prevent and eliminate many severe adverse reactions to cluster immunotherapy.
Continent catheterizable conduit for urinary diversion in children: Applicability and acceptability

Background: Continent catheterizable conduit (CCC) has made clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) painless and easy. It is applicable in diverse clinical conditions. Nonetheless, convincing the parents for the need of conduit procedure is still difficult. Materials and Methods: A prospective study, included children who underwent CCC procedure from March 2008 to February 2013. The data were assessed for; diagnosis, type of conduit, number of preoperative counselling sessions before acceptance, role of "self-help group" in decision making, parental concern and satisfaction for the procedure. Results: Twenty-nine patients (males; 24, females; 5) underwent CCC procedure for various clinical conditions. The multiple preoperative counselling sessions and creation of "self-help groups" were helped them for decision making. The main concerns among parents were: (1) Impact of procedure on future fertility and sexual life. (2) Patency of native urethral channel. (3) Permanent urinary stoma over the abdomen. Conclusion: CCC procedures are applicable to a wide array of clinical situations with a good outcome. The acceptability of the CCC procedure improves with preoperative counselling of parent/child, initiation of preoperative per urethral CIC and creation of self-help groups.
Formation of antihydrogen by the charge-transfer reaction.

The cross sections for antihydrogen formation in the {ital n}=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 levels from antiproton-positronium collisions are computed in the unitarized Born approximation (UBA). Twenty-seven physical states of antihydrogen (1{ital s}{r_arrow}7{ital h}) and ten physical states (1{ital s}{r_arrow}4{ital f}) of positronium are included in the UBA basis. The peak cross section for antihydrogen formation from excited positronium targets is much larger than that from a ground-state positronium target at low incident energies. The high-{ital n} antihydrogen levels make a significant contribution to the total antihydrogen formation cross section, especially for incident positronium atoms in the Ps({ital n}=3) and Ps({ital n}=4) levels.