Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of phenyllactate, phenylacetate, and phenylpyruvate by negative ion chemical ionization-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in brain of mouse genetic models of phenylketonuria and non-phenylketonuria hyperphenylalaninemia.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) (OMIM 261600) is the first Mendelian disease to have an identified chemical cause of impaired cognitive development. The disease is accompanied by hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and elevated levels of phenylalanine metabolites (phenylacetate (PAA), phenyllactate (PLA), and phenylpyruvate (PPA)) in body fluids. Here we describe a method to determine the concentrations of PAA, PPA, and PLA in the brain of normal and mutant orthologous mice, the latter being models of human PKU and non-PKU HPA. Stable isotope dilution techniques are employed with the use of [(2)H(5)]-phenylacetic acid and [2,3, 3-(2)H(3)]-3-phenyllactic acid as internal standards. Negative ion chemical ionization (NICI)-GC/MS analyses are performed on the pentafluorobenzyl ester derivatives formed in situ in brain homogenates. Unstable PPA in the homogenate is reduced by NaB(2)H(4) to stable PLA, which is labeled with a single deuterium and discriminated from endogenous PLA in the mass spectrometer on that basis. The method demonstrates that these metabolites are easily measured in normal mouse brain and are elevated moderately in HPA mice and greatly in PKU mice. However, their concentrations are not sufficient in PKU to be "toxic"; phenylalanine itself remains the chemical candidate causing impaired cognitive development.
The impact of using social media and internet on academic performance case study Bahrain Universities

The internet and social media provide students with a range of academic benefits and opportunities to enhance their learning process. The main goal of this research is to examine the impact of using the social media on the academic performance. The new social networks, such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, etc., can affect the behaviour and academic performance of the universities' students; therefore the selected universities were Ahlia University, Applied Science University and University of Bahrain. The sample was (150) students distributed equally among the three universities. The research questions will answer (1) what is the evolution of ICTs and the Internet in the World; (2) what is the impact caused by ICT in education; (3) what are the effects of social media on the academic performance of students at Bahrain Universities; (4) what are the social networking sites that are more popular among students at Bahrain Universities. The results show that the social media has a positive impact on academic performance and 57% of students prefer the mobile application WhatsApp as a social media for their academic purpose.
Synchronous, Alternating, and Phase-Locked Stridulation by a Tropical Katydid

In the field the chirps of neighboring Mecopoda sp. (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, and Mecopodinae) males are normally synchronized, but between more distant individuals the chirps are either synchronous or regularly alternating. The phase response to single-stimulus chirps depends on both the phase and the intensity of the stimulus. Iteration of the Poincar� map of the phase response predicts a variety of phase-locked synchronization regimes, incuding period-doubling bifurcations, in close agreement with experimental observations. The versatile acoustic behavior of Mecopoda encompasses most of the phenomena found in other synchronizing insects and thus provides a general model of insect synchronization behavior.
The High Prevalence of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis Without Clinically Evident Cardiovascular Disease

We conducted the present study to determine whether subclinical macrovascular atherosclerotic disease was present in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) without clinical history of cardiovascular disease. We also sought to establish whether demographic or clinical features of the disease may influence the development of subclinical atherosclerotic disease in a series of patients with AS seen at a community hospital. We recruited 64 patients who fulfilled the modified New York diagnostic criteria for AS from Hospital Xeral-Calde, Lugo, Spain. We excluded patients seen during the recruitment period who had cardiovascular disease or renal insufficiency. We also studied 64 matched controls. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaques were measured in the right common carotid artery. The study was performed using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Patients with AS exhibited greater carotid IMT than did matched controls (mean ± SD, 0.74 ± 0.21 mm vs. 0.67 ± 0.14 mm; p = 0.01; differences of means, 0.077; 95% confidence interval, 0.016-0.139). Carotid plaques were more commonly observed in patients with AS than in controls (19 [29.7%] vs. 6 [9.4%], respectively; p = 0.03). The best predictors for carotid plaques in patients with AS were erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at time of disease diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.04-1.33; p = 0.01) and duration of disease (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01-1.92; p = 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between carotid IMT and either ESR or C-reactive protein in this study. Results of the present study show that patients with AS without clinically evident cardiovascular disease have a high prevalence of subclinical macrovascular disease in the form of increased carotid IMT and carotid plaques compared to matched controls. Abbreviations: AS = ankylosing spondylitis, BASDAI = Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASFI = Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, CI = confidence intervals, CRP = C-reactive protein, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate, IMT = intima-media thickness, IQ = interquartile, NSAID = nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, OR = odds ratio, RA = rheumatoid arthritis, SD = standard deviation, TNF = tumor necrosis factor.
Abstinent opiate abusers exhibit conditioned craving, conditioned withdrawal and reductions in both through extinction.

Summary Abstinent opiate abusers who have just completed a 30-day treatment program in a Therapeutic Community setting experience intense drug craving and may even experience subjective withdrawal signs/symptoms when exposed to drug-related stimuli. The described extinction procedures were effective in virtually eliminating conditioned craving and conditioned withdrawal signs/symptoms to drug-related stimuli within 20 hour-long treatment sessions (a 3-week inpatient stay). These findings are discussed in terms of the need to address conditioned opiate-related responses in the treatment of abstinent opiate abusers, as these responses may make the patient more vulnerable to relapse.
On the asymptotic equivalence of allelic and trend statistic under Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium

A recent publication by Guedj et al. (2008) provided a proof for the asymptotic equivalence of allelic and trend statistic under the assumption that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). This result, however, is quite obvious if one bears in mind that Knapp (2001) showed the numerical equivalence of the trend test (Armitage 1955) with the corrected allelic test of Schaid and Jacobsen (1999), i.e., in the notation of Guedj et al. (2008), the trend statistic can be written as
Update to the PhRMA Perspective on Population and Individual Bioequivalence

The comments that follow serve as a supplement to the "PhRMA Perspective on Population and Individual Bioequivalence" which specifically addressed the December 1997 draft guidance "In vivo bioequivalence studies based on Population and Individual Bioequiva-. lence Approaches. "? The comments herein relate more specifically to the new elements in the updated August 1999 draft guidances on the topic 2-3 and the subsequent FDA Montreal workshop and Pharmaceutical Sciences Advisory Committee meeting in September 1999.
An application of the constant-field theory to the behaviour of giant neurones of the snail, Helix aspersa.

1. The resting potentials of giant neurones in the abdominal ganglia of the snail, Helix aspersa , have been measured, and their dependence on the extracellular concentration of potassium ions has been investigated. 2. The behaviour of the resting potentials differs considerably from that of a potassium electrode, as given by the Nernst equation. A modification of the equation derived from the ‘constant-field’ theory is described, which transforms the equation for the resting potential into a linear relationship; it is found that the experimental results can be fitted quite well by this equation, for potassium concentrations up to 12 mM. This is taken as evidence that the relative permeabilities of the cell membrane to potassium and sodium ions are independent of the external potassium concentration over the range of concentrations used. 3. By fitting ‘best straight lines’ to the experimental data, estimates can be obtained from the ‘constant-field’ equation of the intracellular potassium concentration, and the ratio of permeabilities of the cell membrane to sodium and potassium ions, P Na/ P K The average results from experiments on fifty-seven neurones are: intracellular potassium concentration, [K+] = (92.9±4.3) mM. ratio of permeabilities, P Na/ P K = 0.180±0.015, the error in each case being one standard deviation, calculated from the spread of the results. 4. The average intracellular potassium concentrations of snail neurones show a distinct seasonal variation, being highest in the spring and lowest in the autumn. These changes are accompanied by changes in the selectivity of the cell membranes, as characterized by the ratio of permeabilities to sodium and potassium ions, so that the resting potentials of the cells are comparatively little affected. The changes could be connected with changes in the pattern of activity of the animals.
Anti-EGFR strategies as an incremental step for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients: moving from scientific evidence to clinical practice

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a 170,000 Da transmembrane glycoprotein involved in signalling pathways affecting cellular growth, differentiation and proliferation. An abnormal overexpression of the EGFR has been described in many human tumours and implicated in the development and prognosis of malignancies, thus representing not only a possible prognostic marker, but primarily a rational molecular target for a new class of anticancer agents. Several clinical trials have been reported with the use of EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mainly in combination with chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer patients. Taken together, results available so far suggest that anti-EGFR treatment strategies represent an incremental step for the the treatment of colorectal cencer patients with a manageable and acceptable toxicity profile. Nevertheless, many critical issues are yet unresolved, such as the optimal chemotherapy regimen to combine with anti-EGFR treatment and the most adequate patients setting. Moreover, the biological selection of colorectal tumours most likely to benefit from this treatment approach is still to be defined.
Kin recognition: evidence that humans can perceive both positive and negative relatedness

The evolution of spite entails actors imposing costs on ‘negative’ relatives: those who are less likely than chance to share the actor’s alleles and therefore more likely to bear rival alleles. Yet, despite a considerable body of research confirming that organisms can recognize positive relatives, little research has shown that organisms can recognize negative relatives. Here, we extend previous work on human phenotype matching by introducing a cue to negative relatedness: negative self‐resembling faces, which differ from an average face in the opposite direction to the way an individual’s own face differs from the average. Participants made trustworthiness and attractiveness judgements of pairs of opposite‐sex positive and negative self‐resembling faces. Analyses revealed opposing effects of positive and negative self‐resembling faces on trustworthiness and attractiveness judgements. This is the first clear evidence that humans are sensitive to negative relatedness cues, and suggests the potential for the adaptive allocation of spiteful behaviour.
Accumulation of a newly developed fluoroquinolone, OPC-17116, by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

The accumulation of OPC-17116 by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied by comparison with three other new quinolones, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and DR-3354. The intracellular/extracellular concentration ratio was the highest for OPC-17116, being 66.2, followed by 9.8 for levofloxacin, 7.6 for ofloxacin, and 5.8 for DR-3354. Furthermore, it was suggested that the accumulation of these new quinolones was partially related to their active transport system. The elution of OPC-17116 and ofloxacin from cells was rapid, but the elution of OPC-17116 decreased at a high extracellular pH and increased at a low extracellular pH. The accumulation of OPC-17116 as well as that of the other new quinolones was satisfactorily high, thus indicating that they are expected to be useful for the treatment of various kinds of infections, particularly infections caused by cytozoic bacteria.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism and efficacy of reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays a central role in the modulation of intravascular thrombosis and thrombolysis. The level of transcription and the plasma level of PAI-1 are in part determined by the 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region of the gene. In this study we investigate the effect of 4G/5G polymorphism on the efficacy of reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Two hundred and ninety-three patients were enrolled in two randomized trials comparing stenting plus abciximab with thrombolysis (alteplase alone or alteplase plus abciximab) in AMI. Patients were genotyped for the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism with a TaqMan assay. Technetium-99m sestamibi was injected before and 1–2 weeks after reperfusion treatment. Scintigrams were used to calculate the initial perfusion defect, the final infarct size and the salvage index representing the proportion of the initial defect salvaged by reperfusion. An 18-month clinical follow-up was carried out after reperfusion treatment. The distribution of genotypes was as follows: 4G4G in 28.0%, 4G5G in 49.5% and 5G5G in 22.5% of the patients. No significant differences between the three genotypes were detected for the final infarct size (%) of the left ventricle [median (interquartile range); 13.5 (5.0–27.0) for 4G4G patients, 12.0 (5.2–24.6) for 4G5G patients and 16 (7.1–31.2) for 5G5G patients; P = 0.36], the salvage index [0.49 (0.25–0.75) in 4G4G patients, 0.47 (0.18–0.73) in 4G5G patients and 0.46 (0.22–0.62) in 5G5G patients; P = 0.58] and the mortality 18 months after treatment (8.5% for 4G4G patients, 7.6% for 4G5G patients and 6.1% for 5G5G patients; P = 0.85). There was no association in any of the two treatment groups (stenting and thrombolysis) between the 4G/5G genotype and myocardial salvage. The PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism has no impact on the amount of myocardial salvage achieved by reperfusion with stenting or thrombolysis in patients with AMI.
Proton-hydroxide permeability of liposomes.

Liposome permeability to net proton-hydroxide flux was compared under two conditions that have produced extreme values in previous studies. In the first [Nichols, J.W. & Deamer, D.W. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 2038-2042] small pH gradients were permitted to decay near pH 7 and permeability coefficients in the range of 10(-4) cm/sec were obtained. In the second [Nozaki, Y. & Tanford, C. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 4324-4328] the decay rate of large pH gradients (approximately equal to 3 pH units) was measured and apparent permeability coefficients in the range of 10(-9) cm/sec were reported. We have repeated the conditions of the latter study and have found that the decay of large pH gradients produces a diffusion potential that limits net proton-hydroxide flux. The permeability coefficients calculated from the flux are therefore underestimated and do not reflect intrinsic proton permeability. With the same liposome preparations under conditions in which small gradients decay so that diffusion potentials are negligible, the measured permeability coefficient is near 10(-4) cm/sec, as reported earlier.
Clinical and Laboratory Investigations Amelanotic ⁄hypomelanotic melanoma: clinical and dermoscopic features

Division of Medical Oncology C–Preventive Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Via Pedemontana Occidentale 12, I-33081 Aviano, Italy *Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy †Skin Cancer Unit, Ravenna–Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy ‡Department of Onco-Immunodermatology, IDI, Rome, Italy §Department of Dermatology, Second University of Naples, Italy –Department of Dermatology, University of Trieste, Italy **Department of Dermatology, University of Miami, USA ††Department of Dermatology, University of Graz, Austria
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Help Prevent Positioning-Related Brachial Plexus Injury during Skull Base Surgery

Objective Evaluate the use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) monitoring to detect positioning-related brachial plexus injury during skull base surgery. Study Design Prospective cohort observational study. Setting University Hospital. Subjects and Methods Patients undergoing skull base surgery had a focused neurologic exam of the brachial plexus performed before and after surgery. Under stable anesthesia, brachial plexus SSEP values were obtained before and after surgical positioning. Significant SSEP changes required a readjustment of arm or neck positions. SSEPs were assessed every 30 minutes. If changes were noted, position was readjusted and SSEPs were reassessed until surgical completion. Demographic data, neurologic exams, SSEP latency, and amplitude values were recorded. Persistent changes were correlated with postoperative neurologic findings. Results Sixty-five patients, 15 to 77 years old, were studied. Six patients (9.2%) developed SSEP amplitude changes after positioning (average amplitude decrease 72.8%). One patient had a significant latency increase. The sensitivity of SSEP for detection of injury was 57%, while specificity was 94.7%. The average body mass index (BMI) of patients with normal and abnormal SSEPs was 28.7 ± 5.6 versus 29.2 ± 8.0, respectively. Average BMI of patients with postoperative symptoms regardless of SSEP findings was 33.8 ± 4.3. Two patients who had persistent SSEP changes after positioning had BMIs of 40.1 and 31.2 kg/m2, respectively. Improvement in neurologic findings occurred in all patients after surgery. Conclusions This study demonstrates that upper extremity nerve stress can be detected in real time using SSEP and may be of value in protecting patients from nerve injury undergoing lateral skull base surgery.
Surgically resected needle tract seeding following endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in pancreatic cancer

Needle tract seeding is a rare complication of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), with an estimated prevalence of 0.003%–0.009% [1]. We are aware of only six previous case reports in the published literature [2–7]. Herein, we report a case of needle tract seeding on the gastric wall after EUS-FNA of a pancreatic body adenocarcinoma. A 64-year-old woman with elevated serum CA19-9 levels was referred to our hospital. She underwent distal pancreatectomy 8months before. The pathological diagnosis was a T3N0M0 moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with a 20-mm maximum diameter and clear resection margins. A repeat computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed no evidence of tumor recurrence; however, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated a 12-mm submucosal tumor-like mass on the posterior gastric wall (Fig. 1a). Before surgery, she underwent EUS-FNA (three passes) through the posterior gastric wall using a 22gauge needle (EchoTip ProCore, Cook Medical, Limerick, Ireland) with a 10-mL syringe suction. The mass was located near the previous EUS-FNA puncture site where no masses had been detected during the initial preoperative examination. On EUS, this mass was heterogeneous and was mainly present in the third layer of the gastric wall (Fig. 1b). Positron emission tomography also showed abnormal accumulation in the proximal gastric body but with no abnormal uptake at the previous resection margin.
Exploring IEEE standard for synchrophasor C37.118 with practical implementation

Measurement of precise synchronized voltage and current values are paramount in power system. Through synchronisation it is possible to locate phasors, taken at different locations, on same phasor diagram. It is helpful in analyzing, monitoring and controlling the power systems during dynamic and transient state. PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) is a gold standard device, synchronized with highly accurate GPS clock, used to measure synchrophasors. The latest revised version of standard for synchrophasor measurements and synchrophasor data transfer for power systems are described in IEEE standard C37.118. 1 [1] and C37.118. 2 [2] respectively approved by IEEE-SA standards board on 7 Dec 2011. The purpose of this paper to promulgate and endorse the availability of the latest revised IEEE standard for synchrophasor to the society of power engineering. The paper also shows the laboratory set-up based on the standard C37.118 for measurement and data transfer in power system.