Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Spray Drying Temperature and Agave Fructans Concentration as Carrier Agent on the Quality Properties of Blackberry Powder

Abstract The agave fructans as carrier agent can be an alternative to increase quality properties of blackberry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of agave fructans concentration and inlet air temperature on quality properties of blackberry powder. Agave fructans concentrations were 50, 75 and 100 % (in base the total soluble solids percentage of blackberry extract), and the inlet air temperatures were 70–110 °C. A pilot-scale spray dryer was employed. Drying yield ranged from 58 to 94 % dry base. Encapsulation efficiency values varied between 48 and 100 % of anthocyanin concentration. The lower agave fructans concentration showed the best quality characteristics as lower water activity of 0.28, high anthocyanin retention of 98 %, high bulk density of 0.80 g/ml and the higher agave fructans concentrations showed the best stability properties as lower hygroscopicity of 0.013 gH20/gsolids and low particle temperature of 38 °C. The agave fructans improves good physicochemical and stability characteristics in blackberry powders.
The Development of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials Industry in Science and Entrepreneurship: Socioeconomic and Technical Indicators. A Case Study of Latvia (Part Two)

Abstract Part two of the in-depth scientific study clarifies the significant social and technical indicators of the development of nano-field at the macro, micro, and meso development levels of the economic environment in Latvia in the framework of the given theme. The analytical assessment of numerical change in socioeconomic and technical factors clearly demonstrates the interaction of nano-field with the development of science and manufacture, as found out in the study. The identified indicators are proposed to use for research, comparison and implementation in any other country of the world.
Gasoline and Diesel Tax Incidence: The 2003 Washington State Nickel Funding Package

Abstract This paper considers a previously unexamined increase in excise taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel that were part of Washington State’s Nickel Funding Package of 2003. We fail to reject full pass-through of the amount of the tax increase to retail prices in both products. We find no significant sensitivity of retail pass-through to station locations relative to state borders or to retail competitive conditions as measured by local station density. The expansion of hypermarkets in Washington State during the period was a confounding factor in estimating tax pass-through effects.
Real-Time Face Identiﬁcation via Multi-convolutional Neural Network and Boosted Hashing Forest

The family of real-time face representations is obtained via Convolu-tional Network with Hashing Forest (CNHF). We learn the CNN, then transform CNN to the multiple convolution architecture and ﬁnally learn the output hashing transform via new Boosted Hashing Forest (BHF) technique. This BHF generalizes the Boosted Similarity Sensitive Coding (SSC) approach for hashing learning with joint optimization of face veriﬁcation and identiﬁcation. CNHF is trained on CASIA-WebFace dataset and evaluated on LFW dataset. We code the output of single CNN with 97% on LFW. For Hamming embedding we get CBHF-200 bit (25 byte) code with 96.3% and 2,000-bit code with 98.14% on LFW. CNHF with 2,000 × 7-bit hashing trees achieves 93% rank-1 on LFW relative to basic CNN 89.9% rank-1. CNHF generates templates at the rate of 40 + fps with CPU Core i7 and 120 + fps with GPU GeForce GTX 650.
Challenges of Integrating Mobile Technology into Mathematics Instruction in Secondary Schools: An Indonesian Context

ABSTRACT Implementing mobile learning in curriculum-based educational settings faces challenges related to perceived ethical and learning issues. This study investigated the affordances of mobile technologies to support mathematics instruction by teachers. An exploratory study employing questionnaires and semi-structured interviews revealed that, while mathematics instruction can be augmented with mobile learning, the majority of schools in Indonesia have banned student use of mobile phones in classrooms. Teachers are concerned about the improper use of mobile phones that could impact their students' mental well-being and distract them from learning. Most teachers perceive mobile technologies to be disruptive and seem reluctant to use them for teaching delivery. However, teachers are eager to experiment with digital technologies within mathematics instruction. Our findings suggest infusing alternate technologies that fit better with the school's teaching and learning environment. This includes web-based applications that can run on different digital devices ranging from desktop computers, laptops, and tablets, to mobile phones. We propose setting up communities of practice for mathematics teachers to share their instructional repertoire on integrating digital technologies within the classroom.
Predicting pauses in L1 and L2 speech: the effects of utterance boundaries and word frequency

Abstract This paper compares the distribution of silent and filled pauses in first (L1) and second language (L2) speech. The occurrence of pauses of 52 L2 and 18 L1 Dutch speakers was evaluated with respect to utterance boundaries and word frequency. We found that L2 speakers paused more often than L1 speakers within utterances; but not between utterances. Similarly, only within utterances, L2 pauses were longer than L1 pauses. Regarding word frequency, both L1 and L2 speakers are more likely to pause before lower frequency words as compared to higher frequency words. These findings imply that L1 and L2 speakers’ production processes may be similar in that (1) pauses at utterance boundaries are used for conceptual planning mostly and (2) lexical retrieval difficulties are comparable for L1 and L2 speakers. These findings furthermore imply that when using fluency for L2 testing, pause locations must be taken into account.
Perceptions from the outside in cases of gender violence. ‘What are you [the interpreter] doing here?’

Abstract A 2011 Gender Violence Macrosurvey carried out by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS, Spanish Centre for Sociological Research) in collaboration with the Spanish Government warns that “the prevalence of gender-based violence amongst foreign women is twice that of Spanish women. ” The problem gets worse when these women do not speak the contact language, in this case Spanish. The efforts of the Spanish Administration and the information and support provided to every gender violence victim hardly ever reach foreign victims, who essentially need the assistance of interpreters. When the presence of qualified interpreters (or interpreters at all) is not guaranteed, this may lead to inadequate, inaccurate and inefficient communication. The main purpose of this paper is to present the results of a survey conducted in 2013 amongst the main agents involved in the communication process with foreign victims of gender violence who do not speak Spanish or co-official languages. The sample size is about 600 answers by agents distributed in four fields (police, legal, health, welfare) with the majority of respondents from the police. The survey includes questions about how communication problems without an interpreter are solved, which protocol – if any – is followed to seek the assistance of an interpreter, how often they use interpreters, what problems they have experienced working with them and what they think is the interpreters’ role as well as what strategies or specific knowledge interpreters may have.
Impact of Insurance Status on Stage, Treatment, and Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis

Background This study aimed to analyze data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to identify patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who had specific insurance details and the effects of stage at diagnosis, definitive treatment, and survival outcome with insurance status. Material/Methods Between 2007 and 2009, SEER database analysis identified 54,232 patients with CRC. Logistic models examined the associations between insurance status and disease stage and definitive treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis, the Cox model, and the Fine and Gray model were used to compare the tumor cause-specific survival (TCSS) for patients with different insurance status. Results Insured patients were more likely to have earlier tumor stage at diagnosis when compared with patients receiving Medicaid (adjusted OR, 1.318; 95% CI, 1.249–1.391; P<0.001) and when compared with uninsured patients (adjusted OR, 1.479; 95% CI, 1.352–1.618; P<0.001). Insured patients were significantly more likely to undergo definitive treatment when compared with patients receiving Medicaid (adjusted OR, 0.591; 95% CI, 0.470–0.742; P<0.001) and compared with patients who were uninsured (adjusted OR, 0.404; 95% CI, 0.282–0.579; P<0.001). Insured patients had a significantly increased TCSS when compared with patients receiving Medicaid (HR, 1.298; 95% CI, 1.236–1.363; P<0.001) and compared with patients who were uninsured (HR 1.195, 95% CI, 1.100–1.297; P<0.001). Conclusions Insurance status was a significant factor that determined early diagnosis, definitive treatment, and clinical outcome and was an independent factor for TCSS in patients with CRC.
Linking planetesimal and dust content in protoplanetary disks via a local toy model

Context. If planetesimal formation is an efficient process, as suggested by several models involving gravitational collapse of pebble clouds, then, not before long, a significant part of the primordial dust mass should be absorbed in many km-sized objects. A good understanding of the total amount of solids in the disk around a young star is crucial for planet formation theory. However, as the mass of particles above the mm size cannot be assessed observationally, one must ask how much mass is hidden in bigger objects. Aims. We performed 0-d local simulations to study how the planetesimal to dust and pebble ratio evolves in time and to develop an understanding of the potentially existing mass in planetesimals for a certain amount of dust and pebbles at a given disk age. Methods. We performed a parameter study based on a model considering dust growth, planetesimal formation, and collisional fragmentation of planetesimals, while neglecting radial transport processes. Results. While at early times, dust is the dominant solid particle species, there is a phase during which planetesimals make up a significant portion of the total mass starting at approximately 104–106 yr. The time of this phase and the maximal total planetesimal mass strongly depend on the distance to the star R, the initial disk mass, and the efficiency of planetesimal formation ɛ. Planetesimal collisions are more significant in more massive disks, leading to lower relative planetesimal fractions compared to less massive disks. After approximately 106 yr, our model predicts planetesimal collisions to dominate, which resupplies small particles. Conclusions. In our model, planetesimals form fast and everywhere in the disk. For a given ɛ, we are able to relate the dust content and mass of a given disk to its planetesimal content, providing us with some helpful basic intuition about mass distribution of solids and its dependence on underlying physical processes.
Resolved and Integrated Stellar Masses in the SDSS-iv/MaNGA Survey. I. PCA Spectral Fitting and Stellar Mass-to-light Ratio Estimates

We present a method of fitting optical spectra of galaxies using a basis set of six vectors obtained from principal-component analysis of a library of synthetic spectra of 40,000 star formation histories (SFHs). Using this library, we provide estimates of the resolved effective stellar mass-to-light ratio ( ) for thousands of galaxies from the SDSS-IV/MaNGA integral-field spectroscopic survey. Using a testing framework built on additional synthetic SFHs, we show that the estimates of are reliable (as are their uncertainties) at a variety of signal-to-noise ratios, stellar metallicities, and dust attenuation conditions. Finally, we describe the future release of the resolved stellar mass-to-light ratios as an SDSS-IV/MaNGA Value-Added Catalog and provide a link to the software used to conduct this analysis. (The software can be found at https://github.com/zpace/pcay.)
BCN20000: Dermoscopic Lesions in the Wild

This article summarizes the BCN20000 dataset, composed of 19424 dermoscopic images of skin lesions captured from 2010 to 2016 in the facilities of the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona. With this dataset, we aim to study the problem of unconstrained classification of dermoscopic images of skin cancer, including lesions found in hard-to-diagnose locations (nails and mucosa), large lesions which do not fit in the aperture of the dermoscopy device, and hypo-pigmented lesions. The BCN20000 will be provided to the participants of the ISIC Challenge 2019 [8], where they will be asked to train algorithms to classify dermoscopic images of skin cancer automatically.
Nonequilibrium magnetic phases in spin lattices with gain and loss

We study the magnetic phases of a nonequilibrium spin chain, where coherent interactions between neighboring lattice sites compete with alternating gain and loss processes. This competition between coherent and incoherent dynamics induces transitions between magnetically aligned and highly mixed phases, across which the system changes from a low to an infinite temperature state. We show that the origin of these transitions can be traced back to the dynamical effect of parity--time-reversal symmetry breaking, which has no counterpart in the theory of equilibrium phase transitions. This mechanism also results in very atypical features and we find first-order transitions without phase coexistence and mixed-order transitions which do not break the underlying $\mathrm{U}(1)$ symmetry, even in the appropriate thermodynamic limit. Thus, despite its simplicity, the current model considerably extends the phenomenology of nonequilibrium phase transitions beyond that commonly assumed for driven-dissipative spins and related systems.
3D-aCortex: An Ultra-Compact Energy-Efficient Neurocomputing Platform Based on Commercial 3D-NAND Flash Memories

The first contribution of this paper is the development of extremely dense, energy-efficient mixed-signal vector-by-matrix-multiplication (VMM) circuits based on the existing 3D-NAND flash memory blocks, without any need for their modification. Such compatibility is achieved using time-domain-encoded VMM design. Our detailed simulations have shown that, for example, the 5-bit VMM of 200-element vectors, using the commercially available 64-layer gate-all-around macaroni-type 3D-NAND memory blocks designed in the 55-nm technology node, may provide an unprecedented area efficiency of 0.14 um2/byte and energy efficiency of ~10 fJ/Op, including the input/output and other peripheral circuitry overheads. Our second major contribution is the development of 3D-aCortex, a multi-purpose neuromorphic inference processor that utilizes the proposed 3D-VMM blocks as its core processing units. We have performed rigorous performance simulations of such a processor on both circuit and system levels, taking into account non-idealities such as drain-induced barrier lowering, capacitive coupling, charge injection, parasitics, process variations, and noise. Our modeling of the 3D-aCortex performing several state-of-the-art neuromorphic-network benchmarks has shown that it may provide the record-breaking storage efficiency of 4.34 MB/mm2, the peak energy efficiency of 70.43 TOps/J, and the computational throughput up to 10.66 TOps/s. The storage efficiency can be further improved seven-fold by aggressively sharing VMM peripheral circuits at the cost of slight decrease in energy efficiency and throughput.
Scaling Relations for Terrestrial Exoplanet Atmospheres from Baroclinic Criticality

The macroturbulent atmospheric circulation of Earth-like planets mediates their equator-to-pole heat transport. For fast-rotating terrestrial planets, baroclinic instabilities in the mid-latitudes lead to turbulent eddies that act to transport heat poleward. In this work, we derive a scaling theory for the equator-to-pole temperature contrast and bulk lapse rate of terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres. This theory is built on the work of Jansen & Ferrari and determines how unstable the atmosphere is to baroclinic instability (the baroclinic “criticality”) through a balance between the baroclinic eddy heat flux and radiative heating/cooling. We compare our scaling theory to General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations and find that the theoretical predictions for equator-to-pole temperature contrast and bulk lapse rate broadly agree with GCM experiments with varying rotation rate and surface pressure throughout the baroclincally unstable regime. Our theoretical results show that baroclinic instabilities are a strong control of heat transport in the atmospheres of Earth-like exoplanets, and our scalings can be used to estimate the equator-to-pole temperature contrast and bulk lapse rate of terrestrial exoplanets. These scalings can be tested by spectroscopic retrievals and full-phase light curves of terrestrial exoplanets with future space telescopes.
Out of equilibrium mean field dynamics in the transverse field Ising model

We investigate the quench dynamics of the transverse field Ising model on a finite fully connected lattice as a prime example of non-equilibrium mean field dynamics. Using a rate function approach we compute the leading order corrections to the mean field behavior analytically. Our focus is threefold: i) We analyze the validity of the mean field approximation and observe that deviations can occur quickly even for large systems. ii) We study the variance of the order parameter and identify four qualitative different regions that cannot be distinguished by solely looking at its mean. iii) We derive the complete entanglement Hamiltonian for a bipartition of the lattice, which remarkably turns out to be a time-dependent harmonic oscillator within the validity of the mean field analysis.
Recovering the cosmological constant from affine geometry

A gravity theory without masses can be constructed in Minkowski spaces using a geometric Minkowski potential. The related affine spacelike spheres can be seen as the regions of the Minkowski spacelike vectors characterized by a constant Minkowski gravitational potential. These spheres point out, for each dimension [Formula: see text], spacetime models, the de Sitter ones, which satisfy Einstein’s field equations in absence of matter. In other words, it is possible to generate geometrically the cosmological constant. Even if a lot of possible parameterizations have been proposed, each one highlighting some geometric and physical properties of the de Sitter space, we present here a new natural parameterization which reveals the intrinsic geometric nature of cosmological constant relating it with the invariant affine radius coming from the so-called Minkowski–Tzitzeica surfaces theory.
Do as I Do, Not as I Say: Do Contribution Guidelines Match the GitHub Contribution Process?

Developer contribution guidelines are used in social coding sites like GitHub to explain and shape the process a project expects contributors to follow. They set standards for all participants and "save time and hassle caused by improperly created pull requests or issues that have to be rejected and re-submitted" (GitHub). Yet, we lack a systematic understanding of the content of a typical contribution guideline, as well as the extent to which these guidelines are followed in practice. Additionally, understanding how guidelines may impact projects that use Continuous Integration as part of the contribution process is of particular interest. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a mixed-methods study of 53 GitHub projects with explicit contribution guidelines and coded the guidelines to extract key themes. We then created a process model using GitHub activity data (e.g., commit, new issue, new pull request) to compare the actual activity with the prescribed contribution guidelines. We show that approximately 68% of these projects diverge significantly from the expected process.
Influence of inelastic collisions with hydrogen atoms on the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium line formation for Fe I and Fe II in the 1D model atmospheres of late-type stars

Context. Iron plays a crucial role in studies of late-type stars. In their atmospheres, neutral iron is the minority species, and lines of Fe I are subject to the departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). In contrast, one believes that LTE is a realistic approximation for Fe II lines. The main source of the uncertainties in the non-LTE (NLTE) calculations for cool atmospheres is a treatment of inelastic collisions with hydrogen atoms. Aims. Our aim is to investigate the effect of Fe I + H I and Fe II + H I collisions and their different treatments on the Fe I/Fe II ionisation equilibrium and iron abundance determinations for three Galactic halo benchmark stars (HD 84937, HD 122563, and HD 140283) and a sample of 38 very metal-poor giants in the dwarf galaxies with well known distances. Methods. We performed the NLTE calculations for Fe I–Fe II by applying quantum-mechanical rate coefficients for collisions with H I from recent papers. Results. We find that collisions with H I serve as efficient thermalisation processes for Fe II, to an extent that the NLTE abundance corrections for Fe II lines do not exceed 0.02 dex, in absolute value, for [Fe/H] ≳−3, and reach +0.06 dex at [Fe/H] ~−4. For a given star, different treatments of Fe I + H I collisions lead to similar average NLTE abundances from the Fe I lines, although discrepancies in the NLTE abundance corrections exist for individual lines. By using quantum-mechanical collisional data and the Gaia-based surface gravity, we obtain consistent abundances from the two ionisation stages, Fe I and Fe II, for red giant HD 122563. For turn-off star HD 84937, and subgiant HD 140283, we analyse the iron lines in the visible and the ultra-violet (UV, 1968–2990 Å) ranges. For either Fe I or Fe II, abundances from the visible and UV lines are found to be consistent in each star. The NLTE abundances from the two ionisation stages agree within 0.10 dex and 0.13 dex for two different treatments of Fe I + H I collisions. The Fe I/Fe II ionisation equilibrium is achieved for each star of our stellar sample in the dwarf galaxies, with the exception of stars at [Fe/H] ≲−3.7.
Interfacial contributions to spin-orbit torque and magnetoresistance in ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayers

The thickness dependence of spin-orbit torque and magnetoresistance in ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayers is studied using the first-principles nonequilibrium Green's function formalism combined with the Anderson disorder model. A systematic expansion in orthogonal vector spherical harmonics is used for the angular dependence of the torque. The dampinglike torque in Co/Pt and Co/Au bilayers can be described as a sum of the spin-Hall contribution, which increases with thickness in agreement with the spin-diffusion model, and a comparable interfacial contribution. The magnetoconductance in the plane perpendicular to the current in Co/Pt bilayers is of the order of a conductance quantum per interfacial atom, exceeding the prediction of the spin-Hall model by more than an order of magnitude. This suggests that the ``spin-Hall magnetoresistance,'' similarly to the dampinglike torque, has a large interfacial contribution unrelated to the spin-Hall effect.