Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gaining notoriety through translocation: a case of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1-dependent neuronal death

The enormous global burden of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases compels a frantic search for novel neurotherapeutics that will address the underlying pathologies, unlike most of the current pharmacological interventions that predominantly merely relieve symptoms of disease. A major challenge, however, is that the central nervous system (CNS), in contrast to most other well-studied systems, exhibits significant complexity that perhaps makes it one of the, if not the, least tractable to date, at least on the drug discovery landscape. Nevertheless, in the last few years, giant strides in CNS research have yielded significantly-improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the various pathological conditions of the brain, not least those associated with the death of neurones, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Accordingly, one pathway now known to be majorly involved in the induction of neuronal death is associated with the nuclear enzyme, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), whose excessive activation generates a large amount of its polymer, poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR), which, in turn, causes an otherwise beneficial protein, normally resident in the mitochondria, the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), to exit its natural domain and enter the nucleus, where it causes large-scale DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation, ultimately resulting in neuronal death. This review briefly explores the pathological cascade and suggests why targeting it in drug discovery - especially at the level of nuclear AIF translocation - is a rational and promising approach that may eventually deliver novel drugs for clinical use. In addition, the work illustrates how a clear knowledge of the spatio-temporal dynamics of molecular events is highly critical and, in fact, indispensable to a successful drug discovery and development campaign from the bench to the bedside, while at the same time highlighting the multi-disciplinary nature of the drug discovery enterprise.
Fiscal Policy in Open Economies

We argue that the significance of the exchange rate regime for the effectiveness of fiscal policy in small open economies has been exaggerated in the literature. Using the New Keynesian (NK) open economy model we demonstrate that the form of the domestic policy rule pursued under flexible rates and the degree of international capital mobility play a more important role. We investigate the effects of government
Effects of . Cooperative Concept Mapping Teaching Approach on Secondary School Students’ Achievement In Biology in Gucha District, Kenya

This study used a quasi-experimented design to investigate the effect o f projectbased learning on student performance o f higher cognitive skills in secondary school agriculture. A total o f 354 Form Three students drawn from ten (10) randomly selected secondary schools in Nakuru District o f Kenya were assigned to three (3) treatment groups based on the location o f the projects (HFP, SFP and CFP) . and one control group. Data indicates that the use o f project^based learning has a significant impact on students’ performance o f higher cognitive skills. The results revealed that students in project-based learning groups outperformed their counterparts in regular classrooms in that their mean scores on a post-test measuring higher cognitive skills, were statistically significant, (at 0.05 p level) than that o f the control groups. The paper suggests that teachers should be trained and encouraged to incorporate project-based-learning in their planning o f instruction.
Developing scenarios of climate change for Southeastern Australia: an example using regional climate model output

Regional climate models nested in global climate models are now being used in Aus- tralia to produce high resolution climate change scenarios for use in impact assessments. This paper describes the development of such scenarios for the State of Victoria in Southeastern Australia using the CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research Limited Area Model (DARLAM) at a horizontal resolu- tion of 60 km nested in the slab ocean version of the CSIRO global climate model (GCM). Rainfall and temperature over Victoria are substantially better simulated in DARLAM than they are in the host GCM, although some poor features of the simulation of the seasonal cycle of rainfall have not been improved with the increase in resolution. There is evidence to suggest that some of these errors are due to errors in the simulation of atmospheric circulation provided by the host GCM. Under 2 × CO2 conditions, DARLAM simulates patterns of rainfall and temperature change which differ significantly from those provided by the host GCM and which appear more physically plausible. In particular, winter rainfall in southern Victoria increases in the DARLAM simulation, but decreases in the host GCM. Although the DARLAM scenario could be considered the best single scenario available for Victoria at the time of its production, it is noted that different, but equally plausible, scenarios could be obtained by nesting DARLAM in other GCMs, or by increasing the simulation sample size. Our assessment is that the rainfall changes simulated by DARLAM in summer may be most sensitive to such changes. In general, it is concluded that there is great potential to increase the realism of climate change scenarios in the Victorian region through careful use of nested regional modelling.
The transient hard X-ray tail of GX 17+2: New BeppoSAX results

We report on results of two BeppoSAX observations of the Z source GX 17+2. In both cases the source is in the horizontal branch of the colour-intensity diagram. The persistent continuum can be fit by two-component models consisting of a blackbody plus a Comptonization spectrum. With one of these models, two solutions for the blackbody temperature of both the observed and seed photons for Comptonization are equally accepted by the data. In the first observation, when the source is on the left part of the horizontal branch, we observe a hard tail extending up to 120 keV, while in the second observation, when the source moves towards right in the same branch, the tail is no longer detected. The hard (>30 keV) X-ray emission can be modeled either by a simple power-law with photon index Γ ∼ 2.8, or assuming Comptonization of ∼1 keV soft photons off a hybrid thermal plus non-thermal electron plasma. The spectral index of the non-thermal injected electrons is p ∼ 1.7. The observation of hard X-ray emission only in the left part of the horizontal branch could be indicative of the presence of a threshold in the accretion rate above which the hard tail disappears. An emission line at 6.7 keV with equivalent width ∼ 30 eV is also found in both observations. We discuss these results and their physical implications.
Effects of noise pollution on Samen district residents in Mashhad city

Background: Noise pollution is one of the most important environmental pollutions that affects human health in different dimensions. The current study aimed to survey the effects of noise pollution on residents of the Samen district in Mashhad. Methods: To understand the psychological effects that noise pollution caused by vehicles has on people, 400 questionnaires designed to gather demographic data and information on attitudes about noise pollution, its effects on people’s activities, and noise source annoyance were randomly distributed among the people living in the Samen district of Mashhad city. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: According to the results of this study, the most important effects noise pollution had on the studied society were nervousness (29.1%), conversation problems (19.8%), amnesia (18.3%), and loss of concentration (12.8%). Furthermore, 54.8% of the respondents considered the environmental noises annoying, and 32.5% reported it very annoying. In this study, traffic noise was reported as the most important source of noise pollution. Conclusion: Generally, the results showed that noise pollution is a serious issue in the Samen district, and the necessary actions should be taken to control noise and prevent the effects of noise pollution. Keywords: Noise pollution, Psychological effects, Samen area, Mashhad city
Science deficiency in conservation practice: the monitoring of tiger populations in India

Conservation practices are supposed to get refined by advancing scientific knowledge. We study this phenomenon in the context of monitoring tiger populations in India, by evaluating the ‘pugmark census method’ employed by wildlife managers for three decades. We use an analytical framework of modern animal population sampling to test the efficacy of the pugmark censuses using scientific data on tigers and our field observations. We identify three critical goals for monitoring tiger populations, in order of increasing sophistication: (1) distribution mapping, (2) tracking relative abundance, (3) estimation of absolute abundance. We demonstrate that the present census‐based paradigm does not work because it ignores the first two simpler goals, and targets, but fails to achieve, the most difficult third goal. We point out the utility and ready availability of alternative monitoring paradigms that deal with the central problems of spatial sampling and observability. We propose an alternative sampling‐based approach that can be tailored to meet practical needs of tiger monitoring at different levels of refinement.
GENETIC PROGRAMMING TO PREDICT SKI-JUMP BUCKET SPILL-

Researchers in the past had noticed that application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in place of conventional statistics on the basis of data mining techniques predicts more accurate results in hydraulic predictions. Mostly these works pertained to applications of ANN. Recently, another tool of soft computing, namely, Genetic Programming (GP) has caught the attention of researchers in civil engineering computing. This article examines the usefulness of the GP based approach to predict the relative scour depth downstream of a common type of ski-jump bucket spillway. Actual field measurements were used to develop the GP model. The GP based estimations were found to be equally and more accurate than the ANN based ones, especially, when the underlying cause-effect relationship became more uncertain to model.
The Unconscious Consumer: Effects of Environment on Consumer Behavior

In this article, we argue that consumer behavior is often strongly influenced by subtle environmental cues. Using grocery shopping as an example (or a “leitmotif,” if you wish), we first argue that the traditional perspective on consumer choice based on conscious information processing leaves much variance to be explained. Instead, we propose that many choices are made unconsciously and are strongly affected by the environment. Our argument is based on research on the perception–behavior link and on automatic goal pursuit.
FIRST SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR HIGH IONIZATION STATE AND LOW OXYGEN ABUNDANCE IN Lyα EMITTERS,

We present results from Keck/NIRSPEC and Magellan/MMIRS follow-up spectroscopy of Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 2.2 identified in our Subaru narrowband survey. We successfully detect Hα emission from seven LAEs, and perform a detailed analysis of six LAEs free from active galactic nucleus activity, two out of which, CDFS-3865 and COSMOS-30679, have [O ii] and [O iii] line detections. They are the first [O ii]-detected LAEs at high-z, and their [O iii]/[O ii] ratios and R23-indices provide the first simultaneous determinations of ionization parameter and oxygen abundance for LAEs. CDFS-3865 has a very high ionization parameter ( cm s−1) and a low oxygen abundance () in contrast with moderate values of other high-z galaxies such as Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). COSMOS-30679 also possesses a relatively high ionization parameter ( cm s−1) and a low oxygen abundance (). Both LAEs appear to fall below the mass–metallicity relation of z ∼ 2 LBGs. Similarly, a low metallicity of 12 + log (O/H) < 8.4 is independently indicated for typical LAEs from a composite spectrum and the [N ii]/Hα index. Such high ionization parameters and low oxygen abundances can be found in local star-forming galaxies, but this extreme local population occupies only ∼0.06% of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic galaxy sample with a number density ∼100 times smaller than that of LAEs. With their high ionization parameters and low oxygen abundances, LAEs would represent an early stage of galaxy formation dominated by massive stars in compact star-forming regions. High-qion galaxies like LAEs would produce ionizing photons efficiently with a high escape fraction achieved by density-bounded H ii regions, which would significantly contribute to cosmic reionization at z > 6.
Poverty in African Households: the limits of survey representations

African poverty statistics depend on household-level measurements from survey data, making the definition of household of critical importance. Detailed case studies from Tanzania and Burkina Faso explore (1) understandings of household membership and ambiguities, and (2) how well survey definitions capture households as economic units, and the implications for household size and responses to and mitigation of poverty. We develop an analytic framework of ‘open’ and ‘closed’ households. ‘Open’ households cope with poverty using flexibility, movement and extra-household networks, but are poorly represented by survey data. Closed households are likely to be better described by survey data.
Biomass of thraustochytrid protoctists in coastal water

Abundance, cellular contents of carbon and nitrogen, and C/N ratio of planktonic thraustochytrids in the Seto Inland Sea and the coastal Hyuga-nada, Japan, were determined. Thraustochytrid cells were stained with acriflavine and counted directly by epifluorescence microscopy. Thraustochytrids were found in the water column at a density of 2.5 × 10 3 to 4.5 × 10 4 cells l -1 , with an overall average of 1.6 × 10 4 cells l -1 , In order to estimate the impact of thraustochytrid biomass on the coastal plankton community, cellular carbon and nitrogen contents of a cultured thraustochytrid were determined. The carbon and nitrogen for 10 μm cell contents were estimated to be 1.65 × 10 -4 μg C cell -1 and 1.58 × 10 -5 μg N cell -1 , respectively. The cellular C/N ratio of 10.4 was higher than that known for pelagic bacteria. The estimated population biomass of thraustochytrids varied from 0.41 to 7.44 μg C l -1 , with an overall average of 2.60 μg C l -1 ; and 0.039 to 0.71 μg N l -1 , with an overall average of 0.23 μg N l -1 . The thraustochytrid carbon biomass corresponded to about 3.4 to 29% of total planktonic decomposers (bacteria and thraustochytrids). It is suggested that the contribution of thraustochytrids to the microbial food chain and carbon cycling through organic degradation and production may not be negligible.
Diminishing commodity prices and capital flight in a dutch disease and resource curse environment: The case of Bolivia

Diminishing commodity prices and increasing world interest rates are the two main expected outcomes from slowdown of emerging economies and growth recovery of advanced economies in the post financial crisis. A CGE model is used to analyze commodity shocks in a natural resource country framework with two export oriented resource sectors (gas & oil and minerals) and mainly two emerging tradable sectors (food and manufacturing) with dominant import substitution orientation. Positive shocks of unusual magnitude in the pre-crisis generate strong Dutch disease (DD) effects but also unusual levels of government income, savings and investment, giving rise to a growth opportunity. A negative shock to the mineral sector in the post-crisis does not reverse the growth opportunity as long as the gas & oil sector remains strong. However, policy would be required to help absorb the labor released and in the long-run structural reforms are needed to significantly diminish built-in DD effects in this sector. If in addition a significant negative shock hits the gas & oil sector, the economy can experience negative growth. Having a stabilization fund would help in this scenario, but to avoid it altogether sector policy is more important. Additionally, a DSGE model with tradable/non-tradable sectors and skilled/unskilled savers/not savers workers is calibrated to analyze the conditions under which capital flight might occur under increasing world interest rates in the post-crisis. These conditions require a significant degree of macroeconomic deterioration which is not being observed, but point to some key variables to follow, such as the level of net external assets held by the country.
Warped infinitely divisible cascades : beyond power laws Cascades infiniment divisibles voilées : au-delà des lois de puissance

and key words We address the definitions and synthesis of stochastic processes which possess warped scaling laws that depart from power law behaviors in a controlled manner. We define warped infinitely divisible cascading (IDC) noise, motion and random walk. We provide a theoretical derivation of the scaling behavior of the moments of their increments. We provide numerical simulations of a warped log-Normal cascade to illustrate these results. Algorithms for synthesis and Matlab functions are available from our web pages.
The Assistat Software Version 7.7 and its use in the analysis of experimental data

Statistical programs are essential tools for those who deal with scientific research and need to analyze experimental data. In agriculture, there are often uncontrolled factors, which determine the necessity of statistical analyses of the data. The Assistat software version 7.7 is one of these tools and this study aimed to demonstrate its functionality and efficiency in the analyses of experimental data of agricultural research and evaluate its acceptance. In order to exemplify its utilization, data of agricultural experiments were analyzed using the models of analysis of variance for randomized block and factorial experiments. In addition, the regression was used in the analysis of variance for quantitative treatments. It was concluded that the software was used in many papers published in journals and that it is functional and efficient in the analysis of experimental data of agricultural research. Key words: Analysis of variance (ANOVA), statistical software, Tukey's test.
Utilization and Addition Sugars to Ruminants Rations

Responses to sugars in dry or liquid formvary from study to study. When fed in proper amounts, sugars should not depress ruminalpH, and there is some evidence that they actuallyhelp toprevent a drop in pH after consuming largemeals of concentrate by maintaining a highernumberoflactate-fermenting bacteria. Adding sugars doesprioritize the need for rumen degraded protein (RDP). we all know, sugars are rapidly and extensively fermented. Also, it pretty well established that there is an optimum feeding rate between 2.5 and 5% supplemental sugar. Carbohydrates are the main components in the dairy ration, comprising roughly 60 – 80% of total dry matter (DM) and could supply to 70% net energy lactation (NEL) for high yielding dairy cows. The relatively high rate of absorption of ammoniaby ruminants (Huntington, 1990) suggests thatenergy availability, or lack of synchrony betweenenergy and nitrogen supplies, limits the use ofavailable nitrogen by ruminal microorganisms
Emergency contraception: A different perspective on knowledge and use among female undergradutes in a non-residential tertiary institution in Nigeria

This study assessed the knowledge and use of emergency contraception among female undergraduates of a non-residential tertiary institution in Lagos, Nigeria. It was a descriptive crosssectional study conducted in March, 2011 amongst 363 consenting female undergraduates using pretested, structured questionnaires. Respondents were recruited by multistage sampling technique whilst data analysis was done using Epi Info Version 3.5. 1 Statistical Software with level of significance set at P<0.05. About 26.7% of the respondents were aware of emergency contraceptives, with their major sources of information being friends (55.7%) and doctors (34%). Few (16.5%) respondents were aware that emergency contraceptives are effective within 72 h of use. The proportion of usage of emergency contraceptives amongst respondents who had heard of emergency contraceptives was 21.7%. It was concluded that information sharing strategies on emergency contraception may prove useful in deterring untoward consequences of unprotected sexual experiences amongst the youths.
Effects of hydrologic, biological, and environmental processes on sources and concentrations of fecal bacteria in the Cuyahoga River, with implications for management of recreational waters in Summit and Cuyahoga Counties, Ohio

1 [ntroduction 2 Purpose and scope 2 Description of the study area 3 Previous investigations 5 Acknowledgments 5 Methods used in field studies 6 Fecal bacteria 6 Selected physical characteristics and chemical constituents 7 Process studies 7 Fecal-bacteria decay 7 Bacterial sources, transport, dilution, and dispersion 9 Hydrologic, biological, and environmental processes affecting concentrations of fecal bacteria 10 Bacterial decay 10 Accumulation of fecal bacteria in sediment 13 Dilution, dispersion, and transport of fecal bacteria and other constituents 16 Simulation of streamflows and constituent transport and decay 21 Unsteady-flow model 21 Selection of initial parameter values 21 Model definition 24 Flow model calibration and verification 25 Transport model 25 Transport model calibration 25 Transport model verification 28 Model sensitivity to decay rate 33 Simulated reduction in concentrations of fecal bacteria 33 Implications for management of recreational waters 36 Summary 41 References cited 43 Appendix: 1. DAFLOW and BLTM modeling coefficients for the Cuyahoga River and Tinkers Creek 46 FIGURES 1. Map showing location of the study area, Cuyahoga River Basin, northeastern Ohio 4 2. Diagram of membrane-filter chamber used in studies of bacterial decay 8 3-8. Graphs showing: 3. Percentage of initial concentration of (A) fecal coliform bacteria and (B) Escherichia coli remaining after elapsed time during bacterial decay studies, April, June, August, and October 1992 11 4. Decay rates of fecal bacteria at Peninsula, Ohio, June and August 1982: (A) fecal coliform bacteria and (B) Escherichia coli 14 5. Relation of concentration of fecal bacteria to bacteriological standards at selected sites in the Cuyahoga River, tributary streams, and the Water Pollution Control Station: (A) fecal coliform bacteria and (B) Escherichia coli 18 6. Changes in concentrations of rhodamine WT dye, Escherichia coli, and changes in streamflow with time and distance downstream from Botzum to Independence during transport studies, September 2-3, 1993 19
Coronagraphic search for exo-planets with a hypertelescope: I. In the thermal IR

Following the idea developed in Boccaletti et al. (2000), a snapshot imaging interferometer is proposed as an al- ternative to the nulling interferometer for the NASA Origin project, "Terrestrial Planet Finder". This concept is based on hypertelescope, i.e. densified-pupil, imaging (Labeyrie 1996) and phase-mask coronagraphy (Rouan et al. 2000) to combine a very high angular resolution and a deep attenuation of starlight (10 −8 ) as required to image extra-terrestrial planets. This article aims at presenting thorough estimations of the signal to noise ratio for different classes of stars (from F0V to M5V) and includes several sources of background noise (zodiacal and exozodiacal lights for instance). In addition, numerical simulations have been carried out and are compared to the analytical results. We find that the image of Earth-like planets can be formed with a large hypertelescope (∼80 m) in the thermal infra-red for about 73% of the stars within 25pc.