Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of extended spectrum beta-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from urine samples of patients visiting private laboratories in Abakaliki Metropolis

Studies have shown that Klebsiella oxytoca is a major cause of infections in humans. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. oxytoca from urine samples of patients visiting private laboratories in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. A total of 150 mid-steam urine samples of patients visiting three main private laboratories in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State were analyzed for the presence of K. oxytoca using standard bacteriological identification methods. Out of the 150 urine samples cultured, seven (7) were phenotypically identified as K. oxytoca. Isolated K. oxytoca were screened for ESBL production by antibiotic susceptibility test using second and third generation cephalosporins, and double disc synergy test. Susceptibility of ESBL-positive K. oxytoca to various classes of antibiotics was done on Mueller-Hinton agar (Oxoid, England) by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique. Results showed that 3 (42.8%) out of the seven (7) K. oxytoca isolates were ESBL-producers. All the ESBL-producers were completely resistant (100%) to ofloxacin, gentamicin, cefoxitin, sulphamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and ertapenem. The average multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of the K. oxytoca isolates was one (1) and this explains their high multi-drug resistance trait. This study revealed that ESBL-producing K. oxytoca isolates exhibited complete resistance to all antibiotics tested against them. The multi-drug resistant traits expressed by these K. oxytoca isolates in our study area could lead to grave public health consequences if not curtailed. Key words: Klebsiella oxytoca, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), antibiotics, multi-drug resistance, urine.
Angle matters: bidirectional effects impact the slope of relationship between gross primary productivity and sun- induced chlorophyll fluorescence from OCO-2 across biomes

1 International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. 2 Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China. 3National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA 4 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Inequality and a multiple subgroup-decomposition method

The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method is a popular and useful tool for analyzing multiple factors for inequality and its change. However, this method may suffer from regression errors such as the endogeneity problem and the questionable assumptions. The other popular tool for decomposing inequality and its change is subgroup decomposition. However, this method can identify not multiple factors but a single factor for inequality and its change. This paper proposes a multiple subgroup-decomposition method which can identify multiple factors for inequality and its changes without estimating wage or earning equations. An empirical application of this method is implemented to analyze the Japanese wage inequality for full-time workers on the basis of a micro-level data set obtained from the Employment Status Survey (1992-2002). It is found that wage inequality had a constant or slightly decreasing trend from 1992 to 1997, however, wage inequality increased from 1997 to 2002. The changes in overall wage inequality are partly due to the decreasing effect of between-agegroup inequality and between-education-group inequality and increasing effect of between-firm-size-group inequality both from 1992 to 1997 and from 1997 to 2002. These decreasing effects of between-age-group inequality could be identified by the multiple subgroup-decomposition method, however, which could not identified by a traditional single subgroup-decomposition. Therefore, practitioners should use the multiple decomposition method when implementing the inequality decomposition precisely. Further, it is found that the factors for the expanding overall inequality from 1997 to 2002 are mainly attributed to the increase in within-group inequality for groups of identical age, education, and firm size. The increase may be caused by the extensive introduction of performance pay in the late 1990s. ∗Corresponding author: Faculty of Economics, Osaka University of Economics, 2-2-8, Osumi, Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 533-8533, Japan. Email: m.yamaguchi@osaka-ue.ac. jp. I am grateful for financial support by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (23730290) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). I would like to thank the Research Centre for Information and Statistics of Social Science, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University for arranging the use of the Employment Status Survey data. I would like to thank Takashi Unayama, Kazufumi Yugami, Naoki Mitani, Takeshi Koba, and the participants of Rokko Forum and Kuma ceminer at Kobe University for helpful comments and suggestions. I also would like to thank Kosuke Aoki, Kenji Azetsu, Daiji Kawaguchi, Atsushi Miyake, Tamotsu Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Yasuyuki Osumi, Kameshwari Shankar, and Tateo Yoshida for helpful comments and suggestions. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the University of Hyogo, Osaka university of Economics, Eastern Economic Association annual meetings, Japan Association for Applied Economics annual meetings, and the Japanese Economic Association annual meetings.
Estimating leopard density across the highly modified human-dominated landscape of the Western Cape, South Africa

Abstract Apex predators play a critical role in maintaining the health of ecosystems but are highly susceptible to habitat degradation and loss caused by land-use changes, and to anthropogenic mortality. The leopard Panthera pardus is the last free-roaming large carnivore in the Western Cape province, South Africa. During 2011–2015, we carried out a camera-trap survey across three regions covering c. 30,000 km2 of the Western Cape. Our survey comprised 151 camera sites sampling nearly 14,000 camera-trap nights, resulting in the identification of 71 individuals. We used two spatially explicit capture–recapture methods (R programmes secr and SPACECAP) to provide a comprehensive density analysis capable of incorporating environmental and anthropogenic factors. Leopard density was estimated to be 0.35 and 1.18 leopards/100 km2, using secr and SPACECAP, respectively. Leopard population size was predicted to be 102–345 individuals for our three study regions. With these estimates and the predicted available leopard habitat for the province, we extrapolated that the Western Cape supports an estimated 175–588 individuals. Providing a comprehensive baseline population density estimate is critical to understanding population dynamics across a mixed landscape and helping to determine the most appropriate conservation actions. Spatially explicit capture–recapture methods are unbiased by edge effects and superior to traditional capture–mark–recapture methods when estimating animal densities. We therefore recommend further utilization of robust spatial methods as they continue to be advanced.
Triage — A South African perspective

June 2004 Vol.22 No.6 CME 325 While an estimated 60 000 South Africans are murdered and die in road traffic accidents each year, at least 2.5 million cases of non-fatal injury require emergency care during the same period. This translates to about 66 trauma presentations per 1 000 population per annum. In South Africa the burden of non-trauma emergencies seeking medical care has not been formally estimated. However, since non-natural deaths account for only 15% of all deaths in this country, it is safe to assume that the annual medical emergency case load is at least as great as, or greater than, the estimated annual trauma case load. In addition, limited health care budgets place additional constraints on the number of emergency care personnel employed to deal with this overwhelming case load. Triage, the process of prioritising patients according to medical need, is a necessity in any system, but particularly in one facing these challenges.
Low-Dispersive Leaky-Wave Antennas for mmWave Point-to-Point High-Throughput Communications

In this article, we present two efficient leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) with stable radiation pattern, operating at 60 GHz. Both antennas exhibit attractive properties such as significantly reduced beam-squint, low loss, low sidelobes, high directivity, and simple manufacturing. The beam-squint of conventional LWAs is reduced by refracting the leaked waves in a dispersive lens and the low sidelobe levels are achieved by tapering the leakage rate along the aperture. Since the antennas are implemented in groove gap waveguide technology, the losses are low. The two antennas are different in terms of their asymmetric/symmetric leakage tapering with respect to the broadside direction. Both designs are optimized for low sidelobes, but since symmetry is enforced in one, the resulting performance in terms of sidelobes is suboptimal. However, in the symmetric design, multiple stable beams can be obtained, simultaneously or independently. Twenty percent bandwidth is obtained with less than ±0.5° beam-squint. In this frequency range, the gain is stable at 17 and 15 dBi for the asymmetric and symmetric designs, respectively. The designs are intended for point-to-point links in mmWave communication networks where low losses, directive beams, and low sidelobes are expected to be key features.
Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite on Graphene Supports for Biomedical Applications: A Review

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used in fields of materials science, tissue engineering, biomedicine, energy and environmental science, and analytical science due to its simple preparation, low-cost, and high biocompatibility. To overcome the weak mechanical properties of pure HA, various reinforcing materials were incorporated with HA to form high-performance composite materials. Due to the unique structural, biological, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, graphene has exhibited great potentials for supporting the biomimetic synthesis of HA. In this review, we present recent advance in the biomimetic synthesis of HA on graphene supports for biomedical applications. More focuses on the biomimetic synthesis methods of HA and HA on graphene supports, as well as the biomedical applications of biomimetic graphene-HA nanohybrids in drug delivery, cell growth, bone regeneration, biosensors, and antibacterial test are performed. We believe that this review is state-of-the-art, and it will be valuable for readers to understand the biomimetic synthesis mechanisms of HA and other bioactive minerals, at the same time it can inspire the design and synthesis of graphene-based novel nanomaterials for advanced applications.
Neurosurgical note keeping at a regional paediatric neurosurgery centre

Abbreviations: CARMS = Clinical Audit and Registry Management Service, EPR = Electronic Patient Records, CNST = Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts, AHP = Allied Health Professionals, GMC = General Medical Council, RCP = Royal College of Physicians, WHO = World Health Organisation, NHSLA = NHS Litigation Authority, MDU = Medical Defence Union, MPS = Medical Protection Society, AI = Artificial Intelligence
INVARIANTS L ET DÉRIVÉES DE VALEURS PROPRES DE FROBENIUS par

— We give a formula for Fontaine’s L -invariant attached to a 2-dimensional semistable representation of Gal(Qp/Qp) in terms of derivatives of eigenvalues of Frobenius. Combined with results of Stevens and Kisin, this gives a new proof of the equality between Fontaine’s and Coleman’s L -invariants attached to modular forms.
Educação em saúde de puérperas em alojamento conjunto neonatal: aquisição de conhecimento mediado pelo uso de um jogo educativo

O estudo objetiva verificar a aquisicao de conhecimento nas atividades de educacao em saude, mediada pela utilizacao de um jogo educativo sobre aleitamento materno e cuidados basicos com o recem-nascido, em alojamento conjunto. Estudo realizado em uma maternidade filantropica de Ribeirao Preto-SP. Atividades educativas foram realizadas em grupo, coordenadas pela enfermeira, utilizando jogo de tabuleiro. Por meio de entrevista estruturada, orientada por um roteiro pre e pos-jogo, verificamos a aquisicao de conhecimento, classificando as respostas em insuficiente (0-4), regular (5-9), bom (10-14) e otimo (15-20). Do conhecimento previo das maes, 16,7% de respostas foram otimas, aumentando para 77,8% apos participacao da atividade educativa. Concluimos que o jogo constituiu estrategia adequada para facilitar troca de experiencias entre puerperas e o desenvolvimento da educacao em saude por meio de atividades ludico-pedagogicas.
Prevalence and severity of anemia among pregnant: cross-sectional study

Anemia is considered a major public health problem; playing an important contributor to mortality and morbidity among pregnant women globally, especially in developing countries. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women who attended antenatal care in Al-Samawa maternity hospital, Al Muthanna province during the period July / 1st/ 2018 to September/ 30th / 2018. A cross sectional study was conducted on 318 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic in Al-Samawa maternity hospital. Data was collected using a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric history. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 58.2% of which 52.97% mild anemia. Anemia was more prevalent in pregnant women within age between 25-29 years and with a significant association with education level and income. However, the prevalence of anemia was not significant associated with obstetrical factor, trimester and gravidity, but significantly associated with birth spacing.
OSTEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR MESOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC VIOLENCE: PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION

Initial interpretations of Mesolithic Portuguese material as evidence for violence are questioned: the alternative suggestion is of accidental trauma, especially in childhood. A situation of undoubted extreme interpersonal violence in Kenya is shown to relate to withinpopulation conflict caused by external pressures. Intensified violence between North American groups of Northeast Woodland peoples in the seventeenth can also be related to external factors (and constraints on resources): though documented ethnohistorically, the osteological evidence for this violence is extremely limited, demonstrating that absence of evidence is not to be relied upon. A Neolithic Chinese site is examined next, as the focus of the paper, since it provides clear physical evidence of violence, despite the lack of archaeological recognition of conflict, pointing to the need to be wary of the interpretations in this sensitive area of anthropological study. The background of the Jiangzhai sample is described and it is noted that 64% of the victims were female. Meggitt’s research on violence within and between groups is cited in the following discussion, and the conclusions focus around the need for care in concluding that violence has or has not occurred; the need to avoid simplistic explanations for evidence of violence and the necessity of setting that evidence within a broad context – one with chronological and social/geographical depth and breadth; and the need for sensitivity in recording and interpreting violence.
High-throughput sequencing of gut microbiota in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) fed larval and pre-1 pupae stages of black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) 2 3

10 11 Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal is a potential alternative to fishmeal and plant proteins in diets for 12 farmed fish since it can be produced on organic waste substrates, requires little energy and water inputs and 13 contains high levels of essential amino acids. Recent studies have partially replaced fishmeal with black soldier 14 fly meal, however, research on their impact on gut microbiota of fish is limited. In a five week experiment, juvenile 15 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed either a reference diet based on fishmeal or three diets with 30% 16 inclusion of black soldier fly meals in the form of pre-pupae, larvae or defatted-larvae. The combined luminal 17 content and mucosa were collected from the distal intestine of three fish per tank with four tanks per diet (n=12) 18 and 16S rRNA gene amplicons were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Feeding the insect-based diets 19 increased the alpha-diversity of bacteria and abundance of lactic acid bacteria, which may be due to the addition 20 of dietary chitin. Compared with fishmeal, feeding insects resulted in higher abundance of phyla Firmicutes and 21 Actinobacteria with lower abundance of Proteobacteria. Fish fed the full-fat meals had higher abundance of 22 Corynebacterium that was attributed to its ability to produce lipase and the high content of dietary lipids as a 23 substrate. Bacillaceae was increased in fish fed both larvae diets and unchanged in the pre-pupae diet, which 24 indicated that life-cycle stage of the insect influenced the gut microbiota. Based on these results, we found that 25 feeding black soldier flies increased diversity and altered the composition of gut bacteria of rainbow trout, which 26 were further influenced by life-cycle stage and lipid content of the insect meal. 27 28
Public Investment, Taxation, and Growth in Economies with Multi-leveled Governments

This paper examines the dynamic effects of taxation and investment on the growth path of an economy. A simple neoclassical growth model with different tiers of government is developed. The initial focus is on governments that aim to maximise their citizens’ welfare and economic performance by providing consumption goods for private consumption and public capital for private production. It is shown that a long-run per capita output maximising tax rate can be derived and that there also exists an optimal degree of fiscal decentralisation. The analysis then extends to the case where governments attempt instead to maximise their own tax revenue to fund expenditures which do not contribute to the utility of their citizens. Three different cases of taxation arrangement are considered: tax competition, tax sharing, and tax coordination. The modeling shows that intensifying tax competition will lead to an increase in the aggregate tax rate as compared to the cases of sharing and coordination amongst governments. These tax rates are both higher than the long-run per capita output maximising rate that was implied under the welfare maximising government scenario.
What Lower Bound? Monetary Policy with Negative Interest Rates∗

Policymakers and academics have long maintained that nominal interest rates face a zero lower bound (ZLB), which can only be breached through major institutional changes like the elimination or taxation of paper currency. Recently, several central banks have set interest rates as low as -0.75% without any such changes, suggesting that, in practice, money demand remains finite even at negative nominal rates. I study optimal monetary policy in this new environment, exploring the central tradeoff: negative rates help stabilize aggregate demand, but at the cost of an inefficient subsidy to paper currency. Near 0%, the first side of this tradeoff dominates, and negative rates are generically optimal whenever output averages below its efficient level. In a benchmark scenario, breaking the ZLB with negative rates is sufficient to undo most welfare losses relative to the first best. More generally, the gains from negative rates depend inversely on the level and elasticity of currency demand. Credible commitment by the central bank is essential to implementing optimal policy, which backloads the most negative rates. My results imply that the option to set negative nominal rates lowers the optimal long-run inflation target, and that abolishing paper currency is only optimal when currency demand is highly elastic. ∗I am deeply grateful to my advisors Iván Werning, Daron Acemoglu, and Alp Simsek for their continual guidance and support, and to Adrien Auclert for invaluable advice on all aspects of this project. I also thank Alex Bartik, Vivek Bhattacharya, Nicolas Caramp, Yan Ji, Ernest Liu, Miles Kimball, Ben Moll, Emi Nakamura, Christina Patterson, Jón Steinsson, and Ludwig Straub for helpful comments. Thanks to the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship for financial support. All errors are my own. †Northwestern University and Princeton University.
Serological Investigation of West Nile Virus Infection in Domestic Horses and Donkeys in Turkey

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: August 07, 2016 October 26, 2016 November 03, 2016 December 21, 2016 West Nile Virus (WNV) antibody presence was studied in domestic horse (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) of various age and types owned by public in different regions of Turkey. In the study, serum samples were collected from 650 domestic horses and 234 domestic donkeys seeming to be in good health. In order to detect WNV antibody presence in these samples, commercial c-ELISA (Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit (ID Screen® West Nile Competition-IgGELISA kit, Montpellier, France) was used. At the end of the test, WNV seropositivity was detected at a level of 4.15% (27/650) for horse serum samples and 1.28% (3/234) for donkey serum samples. Seropositivity was found for horses in Aegean and Central Anatolia and for donkeys in Eastern Anatolia regions. WNV seropositivity was detected only for Native Anatolia type horse races. It was concluded that WNV presence continued its existence among equidae in our country. ©2016 PVJ. All rights reserved
Real-time spectral techniques for the detection of buildup of valuable compounds and stress in microalgal cultures: implications for biotechnology

Single-cell algae (microalgae) are among the most promising resources for the production of biofuels and bioactive compounds, as well as for CO2 biomitigation and bioremediation. Improvement of microalgal photobiotechnologies for the production of valueadded products such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, storage triacylglycerols and carotenoids, requires fast and reliable, and preferably non-destructive techniques for on-line monitoring of the target product's content and the physiological condition of the algal culture. These techniques can provide essential information for timely and informed decisions on adjusting illumination conditions and medium composition, and on the optimal time for biomass harvesting. Often, such decisions must be taken within hours, and mistakes can lead to a significant reduction in productivity or a total loss of the culture. A promising approach for realtime non-destructive monitoring of laboratory and upscaled microalgal cultures is based on measuring the optical properties of algal suspensions, such as absorption, scattering and 41 reflection of light by microalgal cells in certain spectral regions. To this aim, the following criteria should be met: i) reliable spectral measurements, ii) efficient algorithms for the processing of spectral data, and iii) a thorough understanding of the relationships between changes in physiological condition and/or biochemical composition of the algal culture and accompanying changes in its optical properties. This chapter presents a review of recent experimental work in this area, with an emphasis on investigations conducted by the authors and their colleagues in the fields of physiology, biochemistry and spectroscopy which have implications for the cultivation of biotechnologically important microalgal species.