Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug resistance rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Austria between 1995 and 1998 and molecular typing of multidrug-resistant isolates

In this study the drug resistance pattern of 3559 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Austria between 1995 and 98 was evaluated. Of these strains, 165 (4·6%) were resistant to one or more drugs, 113 (3·2%) to one of the tested drugs and 53 (1·5%) to two or more drugs. Monodrug resistance was observed most often to isoniazid (56 strains), followed by streptomycin (44 strains). Resistance to rifampicin or ethambutol alone was rarely seen (12 strains and 1 strain, respectively). Of the 53 strains resistant to 2 or more drugs, 25 were resistant to isoniazid and streptomycin, while 17 were multidrug resistant. Molecular typing revealed a large diversity among the multidrug-resistant strains.
Fall-MobileGuard: a Smart Real-Time Fall Detection System

This paper proposes Fall-MobileGuard, a novel real-time non-invasive fall detection and alarm notification system. The proposed system, in particular, is able to recognize different types of falls and is based on a wearable inertial sensor node, equipped with a tri-axial accelerometer, worn at the waist and a personal mobile device. The detection method consists of two main processing blocks; the first is threshold-based trigger and is executed on the wearable sensor while the second includes posture classification and operates on the mobile device. Conversely to previous literature, we introduced multiple severity levels of detected fall events. The system is primarily intended for elderly people living alone or in retirements homes and supports alarm notifications of fall events over diversified channels, including social networks and automatic voice calls, according to the severity of the event. A comprehensive and well defined e xperimentation has been conducted, collecting in semi-controlled environment acceleration data from twenty subjects emulating falls and performing everyday life activities. Performance evaluation of our system has been carried out, resulting in 97% specificity, 83% s ensitivity and 90% precision.
Amyloid-based immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease in the time of prevention trials: the way forward

Both active and passive anti-β-amyloid (Aβ) immunotherapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have demonstrated clearance of brain Aβ deposits. Among passive immunotherapeutics, two Phase III clinical trials in mild-to-moderate AD patients with bapineuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed at the N-terminal sequence of Aβ, were disappointing. Also solanezumab, directed at the mid-region of Aβ, failed in two Phase III trials in mild-to-moderate AD. Another Phase III trial with solanezumab is ongoing in mildly affected AD patients based on encouraging results in this subgroup. Second-generation active Aβ vaccines (CAD106, ACC-001, and Affitope AD02) and new passive anti-Aβ immunotherapies (gantenerumab and crenezumab) have been developed and are under clinical testing. These new anti-Aβ immunotherapies are being tested in prodromal AD, in presymptomatic subjects with AD-related mutations, or in asymptomatic subjects at risk of developing AD. These primary and secondary prevention trials will definitely test the Aβ cascade hypothesis of AD.
Maintaining the anonymity of cadavers in medical education: Historic relic or educational and ethical necessity?

Throughout the modern history of anatomical dissection by medical and other health science students, cadavers have been anonymized. This has meant that students have been provided with limited, if any, information on the identities or medical histories of those they are dissecting. While there was little way around this when the bodies were unclaimed, this need not be the case when the bodies have been donated. However, with a few exceptions, no efforts have been made to change this model. Recent attempts to move anatomy teaching in a more humanistic direction, by emphasizing the cadaver as the students' first patient and with the growth of commemoration services following the dissecting process, raise the question of whether cadavers should continue to be anonymized. In laying a basis for discussion of this matter, we outline what appear to be the virtues of anonymity, and the form that alternatives to anonymity might take. The options identified are nonidentification, low information; nonidentification, moderate information; and identification, full information. The virtues and drawbacks of each of these possibilities are assessed by analyzing their value for students, and also for donors and their families. Policy issues raised by alternatives are also considered. This article provides a basis for continued discussion and suggestions for further research in this area. Anat Sci Educ 10: 87–97. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
Spectrographic study of trace elements in cancerous and noncancerous human tissues.

The etiological relationship of specific metals and their compounds to neoplasia has not seemed as important a field of investigation as has that of a number of organic compounds, especially the volatile coal-tar products of industry. Barnett 1 reported carcinoma of the nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, and lungs among workers in nickel refineries. The incidence of carcinoma of the lung with exposure to chromates has been mentioned by Hueper and others, 2 and a high content of molybdenum, 2e zinc, 3 and other metals in tumor or host tissues has been recorded. 4 Some metals and their compounds, even when present in large amounts in the tissues, have no recognized carcinogenic properties; others, such as copper and iron, which are selectively stored in the liver and spleen of patients with tumor tissues 5 are not regarded as having a causal relation to the disease. Among the metals and their compounds
COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES OF TWO VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS AND THEIR ART EXPERIENCES IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOL

Blind children, as do all other children, have a need and desire for artistic expression. Many art educators, however, approach mainstreaming experiences of blind students with apprehension and confusion because they regard the sense of sight as the decisive factor of artistic experience and ability. Quite to the contrary, imaginative activity and artistic experience for any person does not have to be an experience of the visual, or depend on the capacity for observation. This study closely examines the artistic expression of blind children along side children whose sight is normal. Through these comparative case studies it becomes apparent that all children, both blind and normally sighted, make and experience art in almost the same manner.
Voltage‐activated proton currents in membrane patches of rat alveolar epithelial cells.

1. Voltage‐activated H(+)‐selective currents were studied in cell‐attached and excised, inside‐out patches of membrane from rat alveolar epithelial cells in primary culture. The pH was varied from 5.5 to 7.5 in the pipette (pHo) and in the bath (pHi). 2. H+ currents in cell‐attached patches exhibited activation kinetics and voltage dependence intermediate between their behaviour after excision into pH 6.5 and pH 7.5 solutions, consistent with reported pHi values for alveolar epithelial cells. 3. In inside‐out patches, increasing pHo shifted the threshold voltage for activating H+ currents and the relationship between the time constant of activation of H+ currents (tau act) and voltage (V) negatively along the voltage axis by 40‐50 mV (unit pH)‐1. 4. Decreasing pHi shifted the activation threshold and the tau act‐V relationship negatively along the voltage axis by 40‐50 mV (unit pH)‐1. In addition, at lower pHi the activation of H+ currents upon patch depolarization was markedly faster, with tau act increasing approximately 4‐ to 5‐fold per unit pHi. 5. The limiting slope H+ conductance increased only by a factor of 1.7 per unit pH when pHi was lowered in the range 7.5‐5.5 (at constant pHo 7.5). This result suggests that H+ permeation through voltage‐activated H+ ‘channels’ occurs by a mechanism distinct from H+ permeation through water‐filled ion channels, in which the conductance might be expected to increase in direct proportion to [H+].
Possible New Role of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Hemodialysis Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Aims: Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) levels in vascular cells, which may promote atherosclerosis progression. Methods: We studied the association between pre-dialysis plasma levels of VEGF and MCP-1 in 45 hemodialysis (HD) patients with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) in conditions of increased oxidative stress (SOX). Results: Compared to the controls, HD patients, especially those with CVD, showed a significant increase in plasma concentrations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), C-reactive protein (CRP), MCP-1 and VEGF. The levels of CRP, MCP-1 and VEGF were more increased in patients with CVD than in patients without CVD (all p < 0.01). VEGF strongly and positively correlated with MCP-1 only in HD patients with CVD. Additionally, both VEGF and MCP-1 were associated with Cu/Zn SOD in the whole HD group. Conclusion: For the first time our data indicate a correlation between VEGF and MCP-1 levels in HD patients with CVD in conditions of increased SOX. This interaction may reflect the new role of MCP-1 as an arteriogenic factor in HD patients with CVD.
Specialist nurses' experiences of using 'The Viewer', a consolidated electronic medical records system: a pre-post implementation survey

Objective Evaluate changes in specialty areas nurses' knowledge and perceptions of a consolidated electronic medical record (EMR) system before and after implementation. Design A survey deployed pre- and six months post-implementation of 'The Viewer'. Setting Regional Hospital and Health Service, Queensland. Subjects Nurses working in specialist areas including community health, palliative care, discharge planning, wound and stoma care, diabetes education and renal dialysis satellite services (n=110) were invited to participate in the study. Response rate of the pre-implementation survey (n=42, 38%) was much higher than the post-implementation subset (n=10, 24%). A major health service restructure that included losses of nursing positions in specialist areas significantly affected post-implementation results. Intervention An EMR system called 'The Viewer' to access consolidated electronic medical records of patient information produced by different parts of the organisation. Main Outcome Measures Changes in participants' knowledge and perceptions of 'The Viewer', and their satisfaction with the quality, ease of use and access to patient information. Results Pre-implementation, specialist nurses reported dissatisfaction with most aspects of the current patient information system but high confidence and comfort in using electronic systems. Post implementation satisfaction scores either remained the same or increased. Satisfaction with ease of access to consolidated patient data (U = 125.0, p = 0.038, r = 0.29) and usefulness of electronic systems (U = 115.0, p = 0.031, r = 0.30) increased significantly post-implementation of 'The Viewer'. Conclusion Specialist nurses are positive about the possibilities EMRs offer to centralise, consolidate and improve access to patient data.
A clinical trial using danazol for the treatment of premenstrual tension

Summary. Forty women with premenstrual tension received either placebo, 100, 200 or 400 mg danazol daily for 3 months in a pilot study arranged as a double‐blind trial. Thirteen patients withdrew by the third month usually because they complained of no improvement. They had significantly higher pretrial symptom scores than those who continued. In patients treated with danazol, symptom scores for breast pain during the second and third months and for irritability, anxiety and lethargy during the third month were significantly (P<0.05) lower than scores in those given placebo. Most symptoms improved on placebo in the first month but by the third month only three remained improved. In contrast eight symptoms were improved on 200 mg danazol by the third month. By the end of the trial more than 75% of patients who were still taking danazol were essentially free of breast pain, lethargy, anxiety and increased appetite, but results for other common symptoms were no better than with placebo.
ECMWF Atmospheric Profiles in Maroua, Cameroon: Analysis and Overview of the Simulation of Downward Global Solar Radiation

Atmospheric analysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) have been acquired and are used to characterize the meteorological situation in Maroua, Cameroon ( 10.614 ∘ N, 14.361 ∘ E) at 12:00 UTC. These are then used to simulate downward global solar radiation (DGSR) with the moderate-resolution transmittance (MODTRAN) radiative transfer code (RTC). In comparison with meteorological data measured during the year 2014 in Maroua, ECMWF atmospheric quantities at ground level, in general, showed good correlation coefficients and slight differences. It is shown that ECMWF atmospheric profiles can thus be used to complete the scarce atmospheric data and to study the atmosphere state and dynamics, such as the African monsoon phenomenon detected in this region, which regulates the rainy season. In addition, they are more suitable to simulate clear-sky DGSR compared to MODTRAN standard atmospheric profiles. The causes and effects of the substantial bias and weak correlation coefficient observed with ECMWF wind data and the constant underestimation of simulated DGSR in comparison with ground-based measurements are investigated. The paper emphasizes the need for a better characterization of the Maroua atmosphere state and dynamics as well as the simulation of more accurate and reliable DGSR under any atmospheric conditions.
Preoperative assessment of vascular anatomy around the stomach by 3D imaging using MDCT before laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy.

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of 3D imaging using MDCT in the preoperative assessment of the vascular anatomy around the stomach before laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Thirty-six consecutive patients scheduled for laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy were evaluated on MDCT. CT was performed at the arterial phase after a bolus IV injection of contrast material. Three-dimensional CT angiography (3D CTA) of the arterial and venous systems was reconstructed separately using a volume-rendering algorithm, and the images were fused. Three-dimensional CTA for the left gastric, right gastric, and replaced left hepatic arteries and the left gastric coronary vein was evaluated prospectively by three reviewers, and then a surgical correlation was made. RESULTS In all 36 cases, the left gastric artery was correctly identified on 3D CTA. In 35 of 36 cases, the right gastric artery was correctly identified, whereas in one case, the right gastric artery could not be visualized on 3D CTA because of its small size. In 35 of 36 cases (i.e., one case with agenesis of the left gastric coronary vein was excluded), the left gastric coronary vein was correctly identified. In six cases, the replaced left hepatic artery was correctly identified on 3D CTA. All 36 cases underwent successful laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy on the basis of the 3D CTA. Both the sensitivity and positive predictive values of 3D CTA revealed 100% correct determination of the left gastric artery, replaced left hepatic artery, and left gastric coronary vein. The sensitivity and positive predictive values for the right gastric artery were 97% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION Three-dimensional CTA using MDCT clearly revealed individual vascular anatomies around the stomach and could play an important role in safely facilitating the laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy procedure.
Partial Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Malaysian Food Processing Industry

The objective of this study is to investigate the partial productivity and technical efficiency (TE) of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Malaysian food processing industry. A non-parametric approach data envelopment analysis (DEA) was employed on panel data of 35 sub-industries during the period 2000 to 2006. The result shows that capital productivity was relatively unchangedand material productivity shows a declining trend during the period of observation. In 2000, material productivity (value added per material) was recorded at 0.22, and it stood at 0.18 in 2006. Higher cost of labor was found in the manufacturing of alcohol, palm oil, refined palm oil, palm kernel oil, and sauce . Five sub-industries were technically efficient (TE is equal to unity) during the estimation periods. These industries are refined palm oil, kernel palm oil, feed, alcohol and soft drink. In contrast, five sub-industries experienced lower TE: canning of pineapple, sugar, glucose, coconuts and other flour, with the TE scores varying between 35.9 percent up to 48.1 percent. Labor cost and labor productivity increased from 13.65 to 13.95.
A new method for carbon isotopic analysis of protein

The reaction of ninhydrin with amino acids can be used in carbon isotopic studies of protein. The reaction can be applied to extract as carbon dioxide only peptide-bonded carbon in proteinaceous material, thus avoiding most, if not all, contaminants. Test radiocarbon dates on ancient bone indicate that the method provides reliable ages, and stable carbon isotopic data suggest that our understanding of isotopic dietary reconstruction needs detailed examination. The technique should also be useful in biochemical tracing experiments and in global carbon budget studies, and the underlying principle may be applicable to other isotopes and molecules.
INFLUENCE OF IN-OVO ADMINISTRATION WITH VITAMIN E AND ASCORBIC ACID ON THEPERFORMANCE OF MUSCOVY DUCKS

Nutrient administration in-ovo could be considered as an alternative method to improve hatchability andduckling weights followed by better economic performance. On the 12th day of incubation, fertile duck eggs(n= 500) were distributed into 5 groups: uninjected control; 0.1 ml corn oil; 0.1 ml corn oil plus 10 mg vitaminE; 0.1 ml saline; and 0.1 ml saline plus 3 mg ascorbic acid. In-ovo injection of vitamin E but not ascorbic acidresulted in higher hatchability percentage compared to the uninjected control; however this was not statisticallyconfirmed. In-ovo injection of either vitamin E or ascorbic acid resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher bodyweights at hatch, final body weights, and feed intakes than the uninjected control group. However, both maleand female ducklings hatched from eggs injected with either vitamin E or ascorbic acid had better feedconversion during the starting period only. The carcass characteristics and relative lymphoid organ weights didnot differ (P < 0.05) between the in ovo injected groups and the uninjected controls. In-ovo injection of eithervitamin E or ascorbic acid resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in the geometric mean of the 1st antibodiestiters of males and the 1st and 2nd antibodies titers of females compared to the uninjected control. It could beconcluded that in-ovo injection of vitamin E and ascorbic acid improve the embryonic and post-hatch growth ofMuscovy ducks.
Guided surgery: accuracy and efficacy.

Different computer-assisted implant-placement procedures are currently available. These differ in software, template manufacture, guiding device, stabilization and fixation. The literature seems to indicate that one has to accept a certain inaccuracy of ±2.0 mm, which seems large initially but is clearly smaller than for nonguided surgery. A reduction of accuracy to below 0.5 mm seems extremely difficult. A common shortcoming identified in the studies included in this review is inconsistency in how clinical data and outcome variables are reported. Another limitation is the small number of comparative clinical studies. In order to find the best guiding system or the most important parameters for optimal accuracy, more randomized clinical trials are necessary. Information on cost-effectiveness and patient-centered evaluations (i.e. questionnaires and interviews) must also be included.
Hypothesis of Whiplike Motion as a Possible Traumatizing Mechanism in Vocal Fold Vibration

The mucosal waves on the vibrating vocal folds may move in anterior-posterior, mediolateral and in caudal-cranial direction. This article discusses the possible significance of the vertical movement from the point of view of mechanical stress in phonation and the formation of vocal fold traumas. It is hypothesized that in certain conditions the vocal folds may behave in cranial direction like a quasi-free end of a long lash producing very rapid vibratory waves (e.g. the waves in a whiplash). This could be detrimental to the tissue structure. The role of phonation type in enhancing/diminishing this effect will also be discussed.
Effect of Variety and Storage on the Tuber Quality of Potatoes Cultivated in the Eastern Highlands of Ethiopia

Eight potato varieties: five improved and released by Haramaya University and three from smallholders potato farmers variety (eastern Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia) were planted following cultural practices in RCBD with three replications to assess tuber quality and storage performance differences. Tubers were harvested in 2011. After curing at 15-18 o C and relative humidity of 75-82% for one week, the tubers were separately stored at 8-16 0 C and relative humidity of 69-83% for 20, 40, and 60 days in a ventilated storehouse in CRD with three replication per treatment. The results showed significant differences (P< 0.05) due to variety. Storage duration significantly reduced dry matter, specific gravity and amylose contents with no significant changes in ash, crude fibre, potassium and phosphorus contents. The highest dry matter, specific gravity, and amylose contents were obtained for the improved variety Chala whereas the lowest was for the farmers’ variety Jarso. The highest crude protein content was recorded for the farmers’ variety Mashenadima and the lowest was for the improved variety Zemen. The results revealed that potato tubers with superior physicochemical qualities, most of which are released varieties retained their qualities after storage for longer durations, whereas those with lower qualities could be stored only for shorter durations.
Smooth muscle acid‐sensing ion channel 1: pathophysiological implication in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

What is the topic of this review? An increase in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell intracellular Ca2+ levels facilitates the enhanced vasoconstrictor and vascular remodeling responses associated with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Identifying the mechanisms of altered Ca2+ homeostasis will advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and identify potential therapeutic targets. What advances does it highlight? Acid sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1), present in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, contributes to enhanced Ca2+ entry and is an important constituent to the active vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy associated with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.