Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical migrations of saithe (Pollachius virens) in Icelandic waters as observed with data storage tags

Knowledge of fish behaviour is important for general understanding of fish life history and responses to environmental and biological conditions. Vertical migrations can affect bottom trawl indices of the fish through their availability to the trawl and acoustic indices through changes in target strength. Here we present results based on data sets of hourly recordings of depth from 51 saithe. The data were analysed with respect to diel and seasonal differences in saithe vertical movement. Duration and extent of vertical movements were analysed with 1 min resolution, and the daily vertical range (DVR) was analysed with respect to potential use of the free vertical range (FVR). Our results show diel and seasonal differences in hourly depth changes of saithe, indicating reduced activity during nighttime and in winter. Individual saithe are capable of rapid depth changes in ,1 min, often of the same order as the maximum observed in movements of longer duration. The DVR often exceeded the FVR, and in some instances exceeded critical limits, indicating that saithe may at times only maintain neutral buoyancy near the upper limit of their daily vertical range.
Option pricing with Lévy-Stable processes generated by Lévy-Stable integrated variance

We show how to calculate European-style option prices when the log-stock price process follows a Lévy-Stable process with index parameter 1 ≤ α ≤ 2 and skewness parameter −1 ≤ β ≤ 1. Key to our result is to model integrated variance as an increasing Lévy-Stable process with continuous paths in T.
Solderjet bumping technique used to manufacture a compact and robust green solid-state laser

Solder-joining using metallic solder alloys is an alternative to adhesive bonding. Laser-based soldering processes are especially well suited for the joining of optical components made of fragile and brittle materials such as glasses, ceramics and optical crystals due to a localized and minimized input of thermal energy. The Solderjet Bumping technique is used to assemble a miniaturized laser resonator in order to obtain higher robustness, wider thermal conductivity performance, higher vacuum and radiation compatibility, and better heat and long term stability compared with identical glued devices. The resulting assembled compact and robust green diode-pumped solid-state laser is part of the future Raman Laser Spectrometer designed for the Exomars European Space Agency (ESA) space mission 2018.
Neural Correlates of Orthographic Access in Mandarin Chinese Writing: An fMRI Study of the Word-Frequency Effect

Writing is an essential tool for human communication and involves multiple linguistic, cognitive, and motor processes. Chinese, a logographic writing system, differs remarkably from the writing systems of alphabetic languages. The neural substrates of Chinese writing are largely unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a copying task, this study probed the neural underpinnings of orthographic access during Mandarin Chinese writing by employing the word-frequency effect. The results showed that writing low-frequency characters evoked greater activation in the bilateral superior/middle/inferior frontal gyrus, superior/inferior parietal lobule, and fusiform gyrus than writing high-frequency characters. Moreover, psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis demonstrated that the word-frequency effect modulated functional connectivity within the frontal-occipital networks and the parietal-occipital networks. Together, these findings illustrate the neural correlates of orthographic access for Mandarin Chinese writing, shedding new light on the cognitive architecture of writing across various writing systems.
Electronic word of mouth in social media: the common characteristics of retweeted and favourited marketer-generated content posted on Twitter

Marketers desire to utilise electronic word of mouth (eWOM) marketing on social media sites. However, not all online content generated by marketers has the same effect on consumers; some of them are effective while others are not. This paper aims to examine different characteristics of marketer-generated content (MGC) that of which one lead users to eWOM. Twitter was chosen as one of the leading social media sites and a content analysis approach was employed to identify the common characteristics of retweeted and favourited tweets. 2,780 tweets from six companies (Booking, Hostelworld, Hotels, Lastminute, Laterooms and Priceline) operating in the tourism sector are analysed. Results indicate that the posts which contain pictures, hyperlinks, product or service information, direct answers to customers and brand centrality are more likely to be retweeted and favourited by users. The findings present the main eWOM drivers for MGC in social media.
Driver's intention to use smartphone-car connectivity

Car is now more than just a transportation method. Now a smartphone or a portable device can be easily connected to your car and this allows us to enjoy broader range of contents like music and navigation. This study aims to study investigate what leads drivers to use such car-connectivity services. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as theoretical framework, this study examines the relationship between four derived constructs (facilitating condition, technographics, mobile literacy, and prior similar experience) and behavioral intention to use car connectivity functionalities. The results show that two of them (facilitating condition and technographics) have significant impact on the intention to use car connectivity services but the other two (mobile literacy and prior similar experience) did not show statistically significant relationship with the behavioral intention.
Why can’t we be friends? Entitlements and the costs of conflict

We design an experiment to explore the impact of earned entitlements on the frequency and intensity of conflicts in a two-stage conflict game where players may attempt to use non-binding side-payments to avoid conflict. In this game, Proposers make offers and Responders decide simultaneously whether to accept the offers and whether to engage in a conflict. A simple theoretical analysis suggests that Proposers should never offer side-payments because Responders should always accept them and then still choose to enter conflict; however, our experiment reveals that some individuals use this non-binding mechanism to avoid conflict. Moreover, when subjects earn their roles (Proposer or Responder), conflicts are 44% more likely to be avoided than when roles are assigned randomly. Earned entitlements impact behavior in three important ways: (1) Proposers who have earned their position persistently make larger offers; (2) larger offers lead to a lower probability of conflict; but (3) Proposers whose offers do not lead to conflict resolution respond spitefully with greater conflict expenditure. Hence, with earned rights, the positive welfare effects of reduced conflict frequency are offset by higher conflict intensity. This result differs from previous experimental evidence from ultimatum games in which earned entitlements tend to encourage agreement and increase welfare; thus, our findings highlight the important consequences of endogenizing the costs of conflict. Our analysis suggests that earned entitlements alter behavior by influencing the beliefs of Proposers about the willingness of Responders to accept a peaceful resolution. As a result, these Proposers make persistent high offers, and when their beliefs are disappointed by a Responder’s decision to accept a side-payment and still enter conflict, they retaliate.
The spectral energy distribution of normal, starburst, and active galaxies

We present the results of an extensive literature search of multiwavelength data for a sample of 59 galaxies, consisting of 26 Starbursts, 15 Seyfert 2's, 5 LINER's, 6 normal spirals and 7 normal elliptical galaxies. The data include soft X-ray fluxes, ultraviolet and optical spectra, near, mid/far infrared photometry and radio measurements, selected to match as closely as possible the IUE aperture (10" X 20"). The galaxies are separated into 6 groups with similar characteristics, namely, Ellipticals, Spirals, LINER's, Seyfert 2's, Starbursts of Low and High reddening, for which we create average spectral energy distributions (SED). The individual groups SED's are normalized to the $\lambda$7000\AA flux and compared, looking for similarities and differences among them.The bolometric fluxes of different types of galaxies were calculated integrating their SED's. These values are compared with individual waveband flux densities, in order to determine the wavebands which contribute most to the bolometric flux. Linear regressions were performed between the bolometric and individual band fluxes for each kind of galaxy. These fits can be used in the calculation of the bolometric flux for other objects of similar activity type, but with reduced waveband information. We have also collected multiwavelength data for 4 HII regions, a thermal supernova remnant, and a non-thermal supernova remnant (SNR), which are compared with the Starburst SED's.
Extending a computational model of auditory processing towards speech intelligibility prediction

A speech intelligibility model is presented based on the computational auditory signal processing and perception model (CASP; Jepsen et al., 2008). CASP has previously been shown to successfully predict psychoacoustic data obtained in normal-hearing (NH) listeners in a wide range of listening conditions. Moreover, CASP can be parametrized to account for data from individual hearing-impaired listeners (Jepsen and Dau, 2011). In this study, the CASP model was investigated as a predictor of speech intelligibility measured in NH listeners in conditions of additive noise, phase jitter, spectral subtraction and ideal binary mask processing.
Stability and satisfaction at work during the spanish economic crisis

This paper analyses temporary work and job satisfaction among salaried workers during the Spanish economic crisis of 2008. Using data from the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) 2013 Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS), we find that temporary workers lost their job more than others during this period. However, salaried workers have higher average levels of satisfaction in 2007-2010, possibly due to the lower requirements of workers. We find a positive relationship between the unlikeliness of keeping a job and low job satisfaction levels in data from the Survey of Quality of Life at Work (2010) through a correspondence analysis. A linear model with a level of job satisfaction as a dependent variable shows negative coefficients for a level of job satisfaction if the probability of keeping the job is somewhat unlikely or very unlikely. Finally, an ordinal probit regression finds that the estimated likelihood to reach high job satisfaction is lower in temporary workers.
The Breakthrough Listen Search for Intelligent Life: 1.1–1.9 GHz Observations of 692 Nearby Stars

We report on a search for engineered signals from a sample of 692 nearby stars using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope, undertaken as part of the Breakthrough Listen Initiative search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Observations were made over 1.1–1.9 GHz (L band), with three sets of five-minute observations of the 692 primary targets, interspersed with five-minute observations of secondary targets. By comparing the “ON” and “OFF” observations, we are able to identify terrestrial interference and place limits on the presence of engineered signals from putative extraterrestrial civilizations inhabiting the environs of the target stars. During the analysis, 11 events passed our thresholding algorithm, but a detailed analysis of their properties indicates that they are consistent with known examples of anthropogenic radio-frequency interference. We conclude that, at the time of our observations, none of the observed systems host high-duty-cycle radio transmitters emitting between 1.1 and 1.9 GHz with an Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power of ∼1013 W, which is readily achievable by our own civilization. Our results suggest that fewer than ∼0.1% of the stellar systems within 50 pc possess the type of transmitters searched in this survey.
Managerial Gender Diversity and Firm Performance

This study examines the relationship between managerial gender diversity (MGD) and firm performance. It outlines how extremely low and extremely high levels of MGD can trigger group processes that can impede the attainment of the performance benefits associated with moderate levels of MGD. Findings from longitudinal panel data from financial service firms in Portugal suggest that the effects of MGD on firm performance are best captured by a non-linear function with two breaking points. This study introduces a framework that combines different theoretical perspectives focused on tokenism, subgroup formation, divergent thinking, and other group processes linked to positive and negative gender-diversity consequences. Corresponding overall firm-performance outcomes are contingent upon the level of MGD.
Empirical Researches on Corporate Governance of China Commercial Banks Based on Panel Data

This article empirically analyzes the relation between the corporate governance mechanism of China commercial banks and their performances based on the unbalanced panel data selected from 36 annual report samples in 12 Chinese commercial banks during 2003 to 2006, and the results indicate that the improvement of corporate governance of China commercial banks is the essential approach to enhance performances of commercial banks.
Institutional legacies and HRM: similarities and differences in HRM practices in Portugal and Mozambique

Abstract This is a study of institutional change and continuity, comparing the trajectories followed by Mozambique and its formal colonial power Portugal in HRM, based on two surveys of firm level practices. The colonial power sought to extend the institutions of the metropole in the closing years of its rule, and despite all the adjustments and shocks that have accompanied Mozambique’s post-independence years, the country continues to retain institutional features and associated practices from the past. This suggests that there is a post-colonial impact on human resource management. The implications for HRM theory are that ambitious attempts at institutional substitution may have less dramatic effects than is commonly assumed. Indeed, we encountered remarkable similarities between the two countries in HRM practices, implying that features of supposedly fluid or less mature institutional frameworks (whether in Africa or the Mediterranean world) may be sustained for protracted periods of time, pressures to reform notwithstanding. This highlights the complexities of continuities which transcend formal rules; as post-colonial theories alert us, informal conventions and embedded discourse may result in the persistence of informal power and subordination, despite political and legal changes.
RESONANT INTERACTIONS AMONG SURFACE WATER WAVES

Resonant Interaction Theory (RIT)is reviewed in a variety of dynamical settings with an emphasis on the underlying approximations. The elementary interactions of three- and four-wave resonances is examined as well as deterministic and stochastic models for wavefields comprising either a broad or narrow spectrum of waves interacting in multiple and coupled sets. Some special settings in which higher-order resonances have been examined are reviewed together with Resonant Interaction Experiments (RIE) in a variety of dynamical settings with an emphasis on those aspects that are predicted. Experimental investigations on the applicability of Kelvin's dispersion relation and experiments involving gravity, gravity- capillary, and capillary wavetrains are discussed. Results from comparisons between RIT and RIE are briefly summarised and the particular absence of controlled experiments in some applications is noted.
Singular Integral Equations in the Lebesgue Spaces with Variable Exponent

For the singular integral operators with piecewise continuous coecients there is proved the criterion of Fredholmness and formula for index in the generalized Lebesgue spaces L p(¢) (i) on a finite closed Lyapunov curve i or a curve of bounded rotation. The obtained criterion shows that Fredholmness in this space and the index depend on values of the function p(t) at the discontinuity points of the coecients of the operator, but do not depend on values of p(t) at points of their continuity.
Observations on the biology of cave planarians of the United States

SUMMARY Observations are made on the biology of several species of cave planarians (mostly of the family Kenkiidae) collected alive from over 50 caves in 14 sta,tes. Most of these species were maintained in laboratory cultures at 120C::! ::30C. Food eaten was exitremely variable. Funotions of the anterior adhesive organ included food capture, 10comotion, defense against predators, and probably chemoreception, mechanoreception, and as a holdfast in strong currents. Pre-dators probably consist of fishes, crayfishes, and salamanders. Sporozoan and ciliated parasites were found occasionally. Cocoons were found in winter, spring, and summer; ,they hatched in about 3 months and contained 2 Ito 17 young.
Education and Intragenerational Income Mobility in Korea vis-a-vis the United States *

This study extends Hong and Yun’s (2012) analysis to provide updated estimates of intragenerational income mobility in Korea and the United States, using the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics databases, respectively. Although most previous studies agree that income distribution has deteriorated in recent years in Korea and the United States, there is little consensus on the trend of income mobility. In this study, we utilize household panel data sets to provide empirical estimates of intragenerational income mobility for the two countries. Our estimation results are as follows. First, in both countries, the income distribution across the entire sample deteriorated during the study period. However, while we find no distinct trend in income inequality among Korean households within each age group, we observe an increasing trend among US households within each age group. Second, the income gap among individuals owing to educational attainment has narrowed in Korea but has widened or remained stable in the United States. These results suggest that the nature of income inequality in these two countries may be inherently different. Third, despite such differences between them, overall income mobility appears to have been roughly stable in both countries.
Experimental reintroduction of woody debris on the Williams River, NSW: geomorphic and ecological responses

A total of 436 logs were used to create 20 engineered log jams (ELJs) in a 1.1 km reach of the Williams River, NSW, Australia, a gravel‐bed river that has been desnagged and had most of its riparian vegetation removed over the last 200 years. The experiment was designed to test the effectiveness of reintroducing woody debris (WD) as a means of improving channel stability and recreating habitat diversity. The study assessed geomorphic and ecological responses to introducing woody habitat by comparing paired test and control reaches. Channel characteristics (e.g. bedforms, bars, texture) within test and control reaches were assessed before and after wood placement to quantify the morphological variability induced by the ELJs in the test reach. Since construction in September 2000, the ELJs have been subjected to five overtopping flows, three of which were larger than the mean annual flood. A high‐resolution three‐dimensional survey of both reaches was completed after major bed‐mobilizing flows. Cumulative changes induced by consecutive floods were also assessed. After 12 months, the major geomorphologic changes in the test reach included an increase in pool and riffle area and pool depth; the addition of a pool–riffle sequence; an increase by 0.5–1 m in pool–riffle amplitude; a net gain of 40 m3 of sediment storage per 1000 m2 of channel area (while the control reach experienced a net loss of 15 m3/1000 m2 over the same period); and a substantial increase in the spatial complexity of bed‐material distribution. Fish assemblages in the test reach showed an increase in species richness and abundance, and reduced temporal variability compared to the reference reach, suggesting that the changes in physical habitat were beneficial to fish at the reach scale. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanization technology: The key to sugarcane production in China

Sugarcane is an important cash crop in southern China now planted on about 1.5 million ha in the main production areas in Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan, Guangdong, and Hainan Provinces. Since the cost of labor in China is increasing rapidly and the price of local sugar is uncompetitive with the product from mechanized international producers, China needs to change its sugarcane production methods from manual work to mechanization in order to catch up with international trends in this global industry. Although a lot of effort in China have gone into sugarcane mechanization since the 1960s, the overall level of mechanization in sugarcane production is still only approximately 30%, which is about 20% lower than that achieved in the other main field crops. Almost all of the sugarcane grown in China is still harvested by hand. In order to summarize past experience and promote the mechanization of sugarcane production in China, this paper reviews the whole process of developing mechanization since 1960s and describes the current state of sugarcane mechanization in China. The research currently being undertaken and the main obstacles to be overcome in developing a mechanized sugarcane production system, are described. The design and testing of sugarcane harvesting machinery and its key components has been a significant research area by some Chinese universities, research institutes, and manufacturing companies in these past decades. This paper reviews that research and outlines the main achievements which have been made in this area. Mechanized harvesting systems for sugarcane, and the appropriate harvesting patterns suitable for different growing conditions applying in China, have also been studied. The paper concludes with some comments on the future directions for progress in China
Behavior of Corbels Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) - Numerical Study

In this paper, a numerical modeling performed to study the effect of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) as a shear strengthening of corbels. In this study a theoretical simulation is achieved with reinforced concrete corbels, several CFRP strengthening positions has been studied with different shear span – effective depth ratio (a/d) of (0.5,0.6&0.7). The numerical model, by using program (ANSYS 12.1) verified by compare its results with the experimental results. It was found that the position and the amount of (CFRP) as well as the vary of (a/d) ratio, have a great effects on the ultimate load capacity of corbels. Where, the ultimate load capacity increase as the amount of (CFRP) increased in certain positions of corbels, with regards the vary in (a/d) ratio.
IMPORTANT FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF SPERMATOZOA: A REVIEW

Selection of good quality semen is done usually based on conventional semen parameters. However, selection of good bulls requires tests more than the conventional tests. Various functional parameters, viz. reactive oxygen species generation, ATP concentration, Ca2+ ion signaling, mitochondrial membrane potential, leptin secretion and matrix metalloproteinase activity qualify the spermatozoa and influence its fertility potential. Present review discusses these important functional parameters of spermatozoa and stresses that these tests can be performed along with conventional tests to judge the semen quality of a bull.