Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Adenocarcinomas of the Prostate With Gleason Score (GS)⩽6 Have the Potential to Metastasize to Lymph Nodes?

Although rare, there are cases within reported series of men with Gleason score (GS)⩽6 on radical prostatectomies that show pelvic lymph node (LN) metastases. However, there are no studies on whether pelvic LN metastases occur in tumors with GS⩽6 using the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) updated GS system. We performed a search of the radical prostatectomy databases at 4 large academic centers for cases of GS⩽6. Only prostatectomies submitted and embedded in entirety with pelvic LN dissections were included. A combined total of 14,123 cases were identified, of which 22 cases had a positive LN. Histopathologic review of 19 cases (3 cases unavailable for review) showed higher grade than originally reported by the pathologists in all cases. Of the 17 pre-ISUP reviewed cases, 2 were upgraded to 4+3=7 with both cribriform and poorly formed glands. One case was upgraded to 4+3=7 with tertiary pattern 5 displaying cribriform glands, poorly formed glands, and cords of single cells. Eleven cases were upgraded to 3+4=7 with glomeruloid structures and small to large cribriform glands (1 of these also had features of ductal adenocarcinoma). Two cases had tertiary pattern 4 with small cribriform glands. One case had a prominent colloid component that would currently be graded as 4+5=9 because of large cribriform glands and solid sheets of cells within the mucin. Of the 2 post-ISUP cases, 1 demonstrated tertiary pattern 4, and the other showed GS 3+4=7 with irregular cribriform glands. Undergrading is the primary reason for LN positivity with GS⩽6, which has decreased significantly since the adoption of the ISUP grading system in 2005. Of over 14,000 totally embedded radical prostatectomies from multiple institutions, there was not a single case of a GS⩽6 tumor with LN metastases. In contrast to prevailing assumptions, GS⩽6 tumors do not appear to metastasize to LNs. Rather, Gleason pattern 4 or 5, as better defined by the current ISUP updated grading system, is required for metastatic disease.
New Subwavelength Profile Monopole-Type Antenna

In this paper, we present a new low-profile (λ/40) compact antenna for the S-band frequency range (around 2.1 GHz). The main features are high efficiency (>90%), vertical polarization, and omnidirectional radiation patterns. The antenna was designed using a low-profile vertical monopole element with a standard metallic reflector plane. Top-loading techniques with symmetrical coplanar folded-slot dipoles (λg/2) and four vertical shorting pins placed at appropriate locations achieved the desired antenna matching impedance-bandwidth. The overall dimension of the antenna is 0. 32λ × 0. 32λ × 0. 025λ. A prototype of the designed antenna was fabricated and fully characterized. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical calculations. The measured field radiation patterns are similar to those of standard vertical monopole antenna with a maximum normalized gain of 3.7 dB at 2.1 GHz and a bandwidth of 5% (S11 <; -10 dB).
Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in a patient with recurrent peritonitis

A patient is presented who developed a peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in association with severe persistent and recurrent diverticulitis. The case is unusual in that a spectrum of mesothelial proliferation was documented beginning initially as benign foci of mesothelial proliferation and passing through a stage of atypical proliferation before terminating as a malignant process. The possible role of the diverticular disease in the pathogenesis of the tumor is discussed.
Mincle-mediated anti-inflammatory IL-10 response counter-regulates IL-12 in vitro

The role of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) in anti-inflammatory responses has not yet been fully characterized. Herein, we show that engagement of Mincle by trehalose-dimycolate or mycobacteria promotes IL-10 production in macrophages, which causes down-regulation of IL-12p40 secretion. Thus, Mincle mediates both pro- as well as anti-inflammatory responses.
Investigating the Frequency and Effective Factors on Maternal Mortality in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran, 2002-2009

Introduction: Maternal mortality is a major human life threatening and indicator of women health in each country. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and effective factors on maternal mortality in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran, 2002-2009. Methods: This was a descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study conducted on all pregnant women who died between 2001 to 2009 in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran. Data gathering tool was a 3 part questionnaire that was filled with archive folders of maternal mortality in hospital and health centers in different cities and villages of the province. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and statistical descriptive tests included chi-square and ANOVA. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The frequency of maternal mortality was 307 cases in the province and mortality rate was 82.6 per 100000 live births. The most rate of deaths were in 2003 (232 deaths), in Zahedan, Iran (24.1), age less than 25 years (41), gestational age more than 22 weeks ( 90.3), gravidity more than four (70.7), 0-2 years interval between pregnancy (68.8) ,uneducated (62.1), resident in village (69.3) , need to intensive care (78.5), death in hospital (63.3), post partum death (79.3). The most common cause of death was bleeding (37.4). Cause of maternal mortality had significant relationship with place of death (p<0.001), gravidity (p=0.03), delivery agent (p=0.005) and delivery type (p=0.03), age of mother (p=0.03). Conclusion: Maternal mortality rate can reduce by effective and active fallow up, interval between pregnancies≥ 3 years, raising the level of education, family planning and no pregnancy in very young ages or very old ages.
Community-acquired needle stick injuries in Canadian children: Review of Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program data from 1991 to 1996.

OBJECTIVE To review community-acquired needle stick injuries (CANSIs) in children reported to a Canadian emergency room-based injury surveillance program. DESIGN Analysis of 1991 to 1996 CANSI records followed by chart review to determine use of prophylactic interventions and outcome information. SETTING The Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program network of 10 paediatric and six general hospitals. PATIENTS Nonoccupational injuries to patients younger than age 20 years involving used needles were reviewed. MAIN RESULTS Of 116 children injured, most were male (74%); the median age was 6.6 years. Needles were picked up before injury in 77% of the cases. Most injuries (78%) were from needles presumed to have been discarded by an injection drug user. Parks were the most common site of injury (21%). Six per cent of injuries occurred in medical settings. Treatment information was obtained for 71 (61%) patients. Only 1.7% had been immunized against hepatitis B virus before injury. Hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B virus vaccine were given to 78% and 76% of children, respectively. None received human immunodeficiency virus prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS Programs teaching needle avoidance may help prevent many CANSIs. The safety of outdoor, home and medical environments also needs to be ensured. Treatment guidelines for CANSIs will help ensure appropriate postinjury management.
Factors Influencing Decision Making and Its Effect on Intern Students Clinical Performance - TI Journals

Abstract: An internship year is a clinical training year for baccalaureate nursing graduates to gain practice in a real world setting under the guidance of knowledgeable, experienced, and successful supervisor. The internship year helps the graduate nurse to develop her management competencies and skills like clinical decision making , collaboration, teaching, planning, communication, critical thinking, and caring to improve their clinical practice. Purpose of the study is to study factors that influencing decision making and its effect on intern students’ clinical performance Setting and design descriptive co- relational design was used in two selected hospitals, Shebin El Kom University Hospital and Teaching Hospital in all units where the intern students trained . Material and method: Two different tools are, Tool I: structured questionnaire sheet to assess possible factors which influence intern students\ clinical decision making and determine difference degrees of influence of these factors. Tool II : Observational checklist to assesses clinical performance of internship students . A total number of intern nursing students 86 are recruited from two hospitals mentioned above. Statistical analysis: Data entry and analysis were done by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS Version 11.0). Data was presented using mean & standard deviation, number and percentage, Chi-Squared and Pearson correlation. Findinguing: the findings of the study indicate that Intern students implied that clinical experience, competent, education, situation, relationship with instructors, values, believes, locus of control, stress, cognitive abilities, modeling and self-confident are considered factors which influencing clinical decision making. Additionally, the most factor influence intern clinical decision making was education followed by clinical experience. Furthermore, there is positive correlation between total performance and all factors influencing intern\ clinical decision. Conclusion: improvement in intern students\ education, clinical experience and other factors affect on clinical decision making will improve their clinical performance.
The cardiovascular implication of single nucleotide polymorphisms of chromosome 9p21 locus among Arab population

Background: Based on several reports including genome-wide association studies, genetic variability has been linked with higher (nearly half) susceptibility toward coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to evaluate the association of chromosome 9p21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs2383207, rs10757278, and rs10757274 with the risk and severity of CAD among Arab population. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational case-control study was conducted between 2011 and 2012, in which 236 patients with CAD were recruited from the Heart Hospital in Qatar. Patients were categorized according to their coronary angiographic findings. Also, 152 healthy volunteers were studied to determine if SNPs are associated with risk of CAD. All subjects were genotyped for SNPs (rs2383207, rs2383206, rs10757274 and rs10757278) using allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Patients with CAD had a mean age of 57 ± 10; of them 77% were males, 54% diabetics, and 25% had family history of CAD. All SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except rs2383206, with call rate >97%. After adjusting for age, sex and body mass index, the carriers of GG genotype for rs2383207 have increased the risk of having CAD with odds ratio (OR) of 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-2.961, P = 0.046). Also, rs2383207 contributed to CAD severity with adjusted OR 1.80 (95% CI = 1.04-3.12, P = 0.035) based on the dominant genetic model. The other SNPs (rs10757274 and rs10757278) showed no significant association with the risk of CAD or its severity. Conclusion: Among Arab population in Qatar, only G allele of rs2483207 SNP is significantly associated with risk of CAD and its severity.
Apoptotic and Necrotic Mechanisms of Stress-Induced Human Lens Epithelial Cell Death

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage the human lens and contribute to cataract formation. Recent evidence suggests that apoptosis in lens epithelial cells (LEC) is an initiating event in noncongenital cataract formation in humans and animals. The present study examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which environmental (ultraviolet B [UVB]) and chemical (hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], t-butyl hydroperoxide [TBHP]) stress induces cell death in an SV-40 immortalized human lens epithelial (HLE) cell line. Treatment of HLE cells with UVB, H2O2, and TBHP significantly decreased cell density with LD50 values of 350 J/m2, 500 μM, and 200 μM, respectively. Cellular morphology, DNA fragmentation, and annexin/propidium iodide staining consistent with apoptosis was observed only in UVB-treated cells, whereas lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was significantly higher in H2O2- and TBHP-treated cells. In addition, activation of apoptotic stress-signaling proteins, including c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-3, and DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45) was observed only in UVB-treated cells. Inhibition of JNK activity increased UVB-induced cell death, suggesting that this pathway may serve a prosurvival role in HLE cells. These findings suggest UVB predominantly induces apoptosis in HLE cells, whereas H2O2 and TBHP induce necrosis.
Caracterización bromatológica de especies forrajeras nativas (pastos y arbustos) de la ecoregión del altiplano, esenciales en la alimentación de los camélidos

Se ha realizado la caracterizacion bromatologica de muestras de especies nativas (pastos y arbustos) de cinco regiones del altiplano, cuyas variables analizadas fueron: materia seca (%MS), proteina bruta (%PB), fibra cruda (%FC) extracto etereo (%EE), energia, Fibra detergente Neutro (%FDN) y Fibra detergente acido (%FDA). El analisis estadistico se realizo bajo los metodos de Componentes Principales (ACP) y el Analisis de Conglomerados Jerarquico (ACJ). El analisis de correlaciones demostro que las especies que presentan altos valores de %MS, muestran alto %FC, %FDN y %FDA. Las especies que presentan altos valores %PB muestran altos %Cz. Las correlaciones inversamente proporcionales indican que a mayor valor de %PB menor valor de %FC, %FDN y FDA.
ACE and &agr;-Adducin Polymorphism as Markers of Individual Response to Diuretic Therapy

Abstract—Renin-angiotensin system reactivity and the constitutive capacity of the renal tubule to reabsorb sodium play a role in the individual response to diuretic therapy; therefore we evaluated the blood pressure (BP) response to hydrochlorothiazide in 87 never-treated individuals with mild essential hypertension, according to ACE gene I/D and &agr;-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism. These genotypes where chosen because previous data showed their interaction in determining the BP response to salt probably was the result of their involvement in the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (ACE) and in the constitutive capacity of the kidney to reabsorb sodium (&agr;-adducin) (treatment for 2 months). BP was measured after 3 run-in visits and after the first and second months of treatment by means of a standardized procedure. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, t test, and multivariate ANOVA for repeated measures (covarying for gender, age, and body mass index). Although basal mean BP (MBP) was similar in the different ACE and &agr;-adducin genotypes, patients carrying at least one I allele of ACE and one 460Trp allele of &agr;-adducin had the largest MBP decrease with treatment (12.7±1.9 mm Hg), the effect of the combination of genotypes being additive but not epistatic. These patients had an odds ratio of 15.75 of being a responder to hydrochlorothiazide compared with patients with Gly460Gly+DD, with the least MBP decrease (3.4±1.7 mm Hg). &agr;-Adducin and ACE I/D polymorphism may be useful to predict the interindividual degree of response to hydrochlorothiazide; the analysis of the combination of the 2 genotypes increases the accuracy of the prediction of response to the drug.
A Web-Based Health Promotion Program for Older Workers: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Recent evidence supports the efficacy of programs that promote improvements in the health practices of workers 50 years and older who are at higher risk for chronic diseases than younger workers are. Internet-based programs that promote healthy practices have also shown promise and, therefore, should be especially appropriate for workers aged 50 years and older. Objective The purpose of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of HealthyPast50, a fully automated Web-based health promotion program based on social cognitive theory and aimed specifically at workers 50 years and older. Methods The randomized controlled trial was conducted across multiple US offices of a large global information technology company. The sample included 278 employees aged 50 to 68 who were recruited online and randomly assigned to the Web-based HealthyPast50 program or to a wait-list control condition. Self-report measures of diet, physical activity, stress, and tobacco use were collected online before and 3 months after the program group was given access to the program. Use data included number of log-ins and number of pages accessed. The primary analysis was multiple linear regression, following intent-to-treat principles with multiple imputation using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach for nonmonotone missing data. Potential moderators from demographic characteristics and program dosage effects were assessed using multiple linear regression models. Additional analyses were conducted on complete (nonimputed) cases, excluding program participants who used the program for less than 30 minutes. Results Retention rates were good for both groups: 80.4% (111/138) for the program group and 94.3% (132/140) for the control group. Program group participants spent a mean of 102.26 minutes in the program (SD 148.32), logged in a mean of 4.33 times (SD 4.28), and viewed a mean of 11.04 pages (SD 20.08). In the analysis of the imputed dataset, the program group performed significantly better than the control group on diet behavioral change self-efficacy (estimated adjusted difference [Δ]=0.16, P=.048), planning healthy eating (Δ=0.17, P=.03), and mild exercise (Δ=1.03, P=.01). Moderator and dosage analyses of the dataset found no significant program effects. Analyses of the nonimputed dataset comparing program users with controls found additional significant program effects on eating practices (Δ=0.09, P=.03), exercise self-efficacy (Δ=0.12, P=.03), exercise planning (Δ=0.18, P=.03), and aging beliefs (Δ=0.17, P=.01). Moderator analysis of this dataset also found significant moderator effects of gender on multiple measures of exercise. Conclusions A Web-based health promotion program showed promise for making a significant contribution to the short-term dietary and exercise practices of older working adults. Gender effects suggest that the program effects on exercise are due mainly to improvements among women.
Intrauterine Contraception Benefits Extend Beyond Birth Control

Women of reproductive age (ages 18 to 44) have never known a time when they did not have access to nearly 100% effective contraception. Efficacy is no longer the sole determinant of a contraceptive method. Todays woman wants a method that fits into her lifestyle and offers her other benefits such as improvement in menstrual symptoms decrease in acne and even cancer protection. In addition helping women appreciate these other benefits of contraceptives may improve compliance and continuation reducing the alarming unintended pregnancy rate in the United States. Intrauterine devices have proven to be an exceptional contraceptive method but few healthcare providers and even fewer women are aware of the significant noncontraceptive health benefits these devices offer.
The usefulness of continuous administration of hypoxic cytotoxin combined with mild temperature hyperthermia, with reference to effects on quiescent tumour cell populations

To evaluate the usefulness of continuous administration of hypoxic cytotoxins in terms of targeting acute hypoxia in solid tumours and the significance of combination with mild temperature hyperthermia (MTH) (40°C, 60 min), the cytotoxic effects of singly or continuously administered tirapazamine (TPZ) and TX-402 were examined in combination with or without MTH in vivo. Further, the effects were also analysed on total (= proliferating (P) + quiescent (Q)) and Q cell populations in solid tumours with the method for selectively detecting the Q cell response. C3H/He mice bearing SCC VII tumours received a continuous administration of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for 5 days to label all P cells. The tumour-bearing mice then received a single intra-peritoneal injection or 24 h continuous subcutaneous infusion of hypoxic cytotoxin, TPZ or TX-402, with or without MTH. On the other hand, to detect the changes in the hypoxic fraction (HF) in the tumours by MTH, another group of mice with or without MTH received a series of test doses of γ-rays while alive or after tumour clamping. After each treatment, the tumour cells were isolated and incubated with a cytokinesis blocker (= cytochalasin-B) and the micronucleus (MN) frequency in cells without BrdU labelling (=Q cells) was determined using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. The MN frequency in total tumour cells was determined from the tumours that were not pre-treated with BrdU. The sensitivity to TX-402 was slightly higher than that to TPZ in both total and Q tumour cells. Continuous administration elevated the sensitivity of both total and Q cells, especially total cells. MTH raised the sensitivity of Q cells more remarkably than that of total cells in both single and continuous administrations. It was thought to be probably because of the higher dose distribution of hypoxic cytotoxin in intermediately hypoxic areas derived mainly from chronic hypoxia through MTH. From the viewpoint of tumour control as a whole including both total and Q tumour cells, the continuous administration of hypoxic cytotoxin combined with MTH may be useful for sensitizing tumour cells in vivo.
Prospects of genetic testing for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in Nigerian children: a narrative review of challenges and opportunities

The prevalence of childhood steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) ranges from 35% to 92%. This steroid resistance among Nigerian children also reflects underlying renal histopathology, revealing a rare minimal-change disease and a varying burden of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). FSGS tends to progress to end-stage kidney disease, which requires dialysis and/or renal transplantation. While knowledge of the molecular basis of NS is evolving, recent data support the role of mutant genes that otherwise maintain the structural and functional composition of the glomerular filtration barrier to account for many monogenic forms of FSGS. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, >39 genes are currently associated with SRNS, and the number is likely to increase in the near future. Monogenic FSGS is primarily resistant to steroids, and this foreknowledge obviates the need for steroids, other immunosuppressive therapy, and renal biopsy. Therefore, a multidisciplinary collaboration among cell biologists, molecular physiologists, geneticists, and clinicians holds prospects of fine-tuning the management of SRNS caused by known mutant genes. This article describes the genetics of NS/SRNS in childhood and also gives a narrative review of the challenges and opportunities for molecular testing among children with SRNS in Nigeria. For these children to benefit from genetic diagnosis, Nigeria must aspire to have and develop the manpower and infrastructure required for medical genetics and genomic medicine, leveraging on her existing experiences in genomic medicine. Concerted efforts can be put in place to increase the number of enrollees in Nigeria’s National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). The scope of the NHIS can be expanded to cater for the expensive bill of genetic testing within or outside the structure of the National Renal Care Policy proposed by Nigerian nephrologists.