Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stratification of foot ulcer risk in patients with diabetes: a population‐based study

This trial assessed whether a simple clinical tool can be used to stratify patients with diabetes, according to risk of developing foot ulceration. This was a prospective, observational follow‐up study of 3526 patients with diabetes (91% type 2 diabetes) attending for routine diabetes care. Mean age was 64.7 (range 15–101) years and duration of diabetes was 8.8 (±1.5 SD) years. Patients were categorised into ‘low’ (64%), ‘moderate’ (23%) or ‘high’ (13%) risk of developing foot ulcers by trained staff using five clinical criteria during routine patient care. During follow‐up (1.7 years), 166 (4.7%) patients developed an ulcer. Foot ulceration was 83 times more common in high risk and six times more in moderate risk, compared with low‐risk patients. The negative predictive value of a ‘low‐risk score’ was 99.6% (99.5–99.7%; 95% confidence interval). This clinical tool accurately predicted foot ulceration in routine practice and could be used direct scarce podiatry resources towards those at greatest need.
Complete Protection from Papillomavirus Challenge after a Single Vaccination with a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector Expressing High Levels of L1 Protein

ABSTRACT We generated an attenuated, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing high levels of the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) L1 protein from an upstream site in the VSV genome. Rabbits vaccinated once with this VSV-L1 recombinant produced high levels of anti-L1 antibody and were completely protected against papilloma formation after challenge with CRPV. In contrast, animals vaccinated only once with a VSV vector expressing lower levels of L1 from a downstream site in the VSV genome generated lower levels of L1 antibody and demonstrated only incomplete protection from papilloma formation after challenge. We conclude that the level of L1 protein expression is critical in generating complete immunity with a single-dose vaccine.
Critical currents and pinning mechanisms in directionally solidified YBa2Cu3O7-Y2BaCuO5 composites.

The superconducting properties of directionally solidified ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$-${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$${\mathrm{BaCuO}}_{5}$ composites, with critical currents above ${10}^{5}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 77 K and zero magnetic field, are reported in a wide variety of samples having very different contents of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$${\mathrm{BaCuO}}_{5}$ (211 phase) precipitates with different particle size and magnetic fields up to 22 T. The field, temperature, and composition dependence of the critical currents allow us to identify interfacial pinning by 211 precipitates as a very effective pinning mechanism. Nevertheless, single vortex interfacial pinning has a dominant role only in a narrow region below about 1 T and temperatures 40 K\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}80 K. In this region the system shows a behavior very akin to that observed in ion irradiated single crystals and described as correlated disorder. On lowering the temperature the thermal wandering of the vortex from secondary weak pinning centers decreases leading to a new single vortex pinning regime extending up to very high magnetic fields where a mixture of strong and weak pinning centers are active. On the other hand, increasing the magnetic field, the characteristic footprints of the small bundle and large bundle regimes are identified at intermediate temperatures. The former is found below the H-T line given by the maximum of the macroscopic pinning force while the latter is observed above this line up to the irreversibility line. Finally, collecting all these results together a magnetic phase diagram of the mixed state of the ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$-${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$${\mathrm{BaCuO}}_{5}$ textured composites is proposed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Differential Cyclin D1 Requirements of Proliferating Schwann Cells during Development and after Injury

Neurons regulate Schwann cell proliferation, but little is known about the molecular basis of this interaction. We have examined the possibility that cyclin D1 is a key regulator of the cell cycle in Schwann cells. Myelinating Schwann cells express cyclin D1 in the perinuclear region, but after axons are severed, cyclin D1 is strongly upregulated in parallel with Schwann cell proliferation and translocates into Schwann cell nuclei. During development, cyclin D1 expression is confined to the perinuclear region of proliferating Schwann cells and the analysis of cyclin D1-null mice indicates that cyclin D1 is not required for this type of Schwann cell proliferation. As in the adult, injury to immature peripheral nerves leads to translocation of cyclin D1 to Schwann cell nuclei and injury-induced proliferation is impaired in both immature and mature cyclin D1-deficient Schwann cells. Thus, our data indicate that the molecular mechanisms regulating proliferation of Schwann cells during development or activated by axonal damage are fundamentally different.
Periodontal status and sulcular Candida albicans colonization in patients with primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the periodontal status and prevalence of sulcular Candida albicans between subjects with primary Sjögren's Syndrome (SS-1) and healthy control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten SS-1 subjects and 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects were recruited. All subjects met the comprehensive European Community Criteria for primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Periodontal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque and gingivitis were scored on index teeth in each subject. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume was measured from the same teeth using Periopaper strips. Candida albicans presence was determined by plating paper strips directly into culture media tubes (Oricult kit). RESULTS Despite having similar mean PD measures and gingivitis and plaque scores, SS-1 subjects who had Sjögren's Syndrome for a mean of 8.8 years had significantly more CAL (5.4 mm vs 2.7 mm; P < .01) and GCF (101.3 +/- 4.25 microL vs 33.0 +/- 1.91 microL; P < .001) than healthy control subjects. Candida albicans was detected in the sulci of only one SS-1 subject and in none of the control subjects. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the cohort of the SS-1 patients in this particular study have significantly more gingival recession and GCF than do control subjects. The increased attachment loss in SS-1 patients is not attributed to an increase in colonization of the gingival sulci by Candida albicans organisms.
Methods for Imaging Labeled Neurons Together with Neuropil Features in Drosophila

We describe staining protocols for serial semithin sections of Drosophila central ganglia that allow visualization of gene expression in particular neurons with counter-staining to display the ganglion architecture. Green fluorescent protein (GFP), expressed in a subset of sensory neurons from a selected enhancer trap line, is visualized by conventional immunohistochemistry with a peroxidase-linked antibody, and neural architecture is revealed by reduced silver staining. This makes visible in histological sections the same GFP-labeled cells seen with confocal microscopy, but with the especial advantage that neuropil structures are also revealed at the level of individual cells and neuron processes. Not only does this allow the physical relationships among intracellularly labeled neurons to be determined by reference to specific features in the neuropil but it also enables a function to be ascribed provisionally to particular regions of neuropil. These methods have particular utility for mapping morphological information on specific neurons in the context of central nervous system architecture, both in adult Drosophila and during development.
Canine Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma: A Proliferative Disorder of CD11d+ Macrophages

Histiocytic disorders of dogs include histiocytoma, localized histiocytic sarcoma (HS), disseminated HS (malignant histocytosis), and the reactive histiocytoses: cutaneous and systemic. A common element to these diseases is proliferation of dendritic cells (DC) of either Langerhans cell (epithelial DC) or interstitial DC lineage. In this report, 17 dogs with hemophagocytic HS are described. Breeds affected included Bernese Mountain Dog (6), Golden Retriever (4), Rottweiler (3), Labrador Retriever (2), a mixed-breed dog, and a Schnauzer, which were from 2.5 to 13 years old. The dogs presented with Coombs negative responsive anemia in 16/17 dogs (94%), thrombocytopenia in 15/17 dogs (88%), hypoalbuminemia in 16/17 dogs (94%), and hypocholesterolemia in 11/16 dogs (69%). All dogs died or were euthanized. The clinical course ranged from 2 to 32 weeks (mean 7.1 weeks). Diffuse splenomegaly with ill-defined masses was consistently present. Microscopic lesions were prevalent in spleen, liver, lung, and bone marrow. Metastasis occurred by insidious intravascular invasion with minimal mass formation. Histiocytes were markedly erythrophagocytic and accompanied by foci of extramedullary hemopoiesis. Cytologically, the histiocytes varied from well differentiated to atypical, with atypia more prevalent in spleen than bone marrow. These tumors arose from splenic red pulp and bone marrow macrophages, which expressed major histocompatibility complex class II and the β2 integrin, CD11d. They had low and/or inconsistent expression of CD1 and CD11c, which are dominantly expressed by canine nonhemophagocytic HS of DC origin. Canine histiocytic proliferative diseases now encompass proliferation of all members of the myeloid histiocytic lineage: Langerhans cells, interstitial DC, and macrophages.
Clinical Outcome of Hepatocyte Transplantation in Four Pediatric Patients with Inherited Metabolic Diseases

Hepatocyte transplantation (HT) has become an effective therapy for patients with metabolic inborn errors. We report the clinical outcome of four children with metabolic inborn errors that underwent HT, describing the cell infusion protocol and the metabolic outcome of transplanted patients. Cryopreserved hepatocytes were used as this allows scheduling of treatments. Functional competence (viability, cell attachment, major cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 activities, and urea synthesis) and microbiological safety of cell batches were assessed prior to clinical use. Four pediatric patients with liver metabolic diseases [ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, Crigler–Najjar (CNI) syndrome, glycogen storage disease Ia (GSD-Ia), and tyrosinemia type I (TYR-I)] underwent HT. Indication for HT was based on severity of disease, deterioration of quality of life, and benefits for the patients, with the ultimate goal to improve their clinical status whenever liver transplantation (LT) was not indicated or to bridge LT. Cells were infused into the portal vein while monitoring portal flow. The protocol included antibiotic prophylaxis and immunosuppressant therapy. After HT, analytical data on the disease were obtained. The OTC-deficient patient showed a sustained decrease in plasma ammonia levels and increased urea production after HT. Further cell infusions could not be administered given a fatal nosocomial fungus sepsis 2 weeks after the last HT. The CNI and GSD-Ia patients improved their clinical status after HT. They displayed reduced serum bilirubin levels (by ca. 50%) and absence of hypoglycaemic episodes, respectively. In both cases, the HT contributed to stabilize their clinical status as LT was not indicated. In the infant with TYR-I, HT stabilized temporarily the biochemical parameters, resulting in the amelioration of his clinical status while diagnosis of the disease was unequivocally confirmed by full gene sequencing. In this patient, HT served as a bridge therapy to LT.
Histidine promotes the loading of nickel and zinc, but not of cadmium, into the xylem in Noccaea caerulescens

Histidine is known to be involved in Ni hyperaccumulation. Recently, histidine-dependent xylem loading of Ni and Zn has been demonstrated in the Zn/Ni/Cd hyperaccumulator, Noccaea caerulescens. Here we tested the hypothesis whether Cd xylem loading is histidine-dependent, too. In contrast to that of Ni and Zn, the xylem loading of Cd was not affected by exogenous histidine. Histidine accumulation in root cells appears to facilitate the radial transport of Ni and Zn, but not Cd, across the roots. This may be due to the relatively high preference of Cd for coordination with sulfur over coordination with nitrogen, in comparison with Ni and Zn.
Distinct regulators control the expression of methanol methyltransferase isozymes in Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A

The mtaCB1, mtaCB2 and mtaCB3 operons encode isozymes of methanol methyltransferases in Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A and are among the most highly regulated genes known in Archaea. Here we identify cis and trans acting elements that affect the expression of these operons. In vivo reporter gene constructs expressed from sequentially truncated promoters show that the mRNA transcripts for these operons have large 5′ untranslated regions. Regions upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) are important for induction of the mtaCB1 and mtaCB2 operons and for repression of the mtaCB3. Regions downstream of the TSS are important for expression of the mtaCB2 and mtaCB3 operons, but are dispensable for mtaCB1 expression. Proteins encoded by the MA0459 and MA0460 loci are required for induction of the mtaCB1 operon, while those encoded by MA4383, MA4397 and MA4398 are required for induction of mtaCB2. Proteins encoded by MA4397 and MA4398 are also required for methanol‐specific repression of the mtaCB3 operon and, thus, are the first archaeal examples of regulatory proteins that simultaneously act in both repression and activation. We refer to these genes as methanol‐specific regulators and designate MA0459, MA0460, MA4383, MA4397 and MA4398 as msrA, msrB, msrC, msrD and msrE respectively.
[Hemolytic-uraemic syndrome. A review of 58 cases].

OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to determine epidemiology, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) treated in our centre, to describe renal and extra-renal complications and the treatment required and to relate our findings with the existing bibliography. METHODS We performed a 33-year retrospective review. We included all patients diagnosed with HUS and monitored in our hospital from January 1974 to August 2007. Clinical histories and imaging studies were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 58 patients were included in our study, with a mean age of 2 years 11 months and most of them were admitted to hospital in summer. Familial hypocomplementaemia was present in one case. A total of 48 patients presented with typical HUS (with diarrhoea D+ HUS). Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were isolated from those patients. While 7 cases presented with atypical HUS (without diarrhoea, D- HUS), most of them associated with a respiratory tract infection due to Streptococcus. In one case platelet count was normal. Kidney biopsy was performed in 18 patients and 25 cases underwent peritoneal dialysis. As regards complications, one child with D+ HUS experienced renal cortical necrosis and required kidney transplant, while in the D-HUS group, the patient with familial hypocomplementaemia had severe hypertension. CONCLUSIONS a) Incidence of HUS in our environment is low. b) HUS can be present even with a normal platelet count. c) We had one case of HUS in a patient with familial hypocomplementaemia who experienced severe hypertension. d) In our group of patients, the course of the disease was not influenced by the white blood cell counts, decreased diuresis or hypocomplementaemia.
A Comparison of Zero-Profile Devices and Artificial Cervical Disks in Patients With 2 Noncontiguous Levels of Cervical Spondylosis

Study Design:A prospective randomized and controlled study of 30 patients with 2 noncontiguous levels of cervical spondylosis. Objective:To compare the clinical outcome between zero-profile devices and artificial cervical disks for noncontiguous cervical spondylosis. Summary of Background Data:Noncontiguous cervical spondylosis is an especial degenerative disease of the cervical spine. Some controversy exists over the choice of surgical procedure and fusion levels for it because of the viewpoint that the stress at levels adjacent to a fusion mass will increase. The increased stress will lead to the adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). According to the viewpoint, the intermediate segment will bear more stress after both superior and inferior segments’ fusion. Cervical disk arthroplasty is an alternative to fusion because of its motion-preserving. Few comparative studies have been conducted on arthrodesis with zero-prolife devices and arthroplasty with artificial cervical disks for noncontiguous cervical spondylosis. Methods:Thirty patients with 2 noncontiguous levels of cervical spondylosis were enrolled and assigned to either group A (receiving arthroplasty using artificial cervical disks) and group Z (receiving arthrodesis using zero-profile devices). The clinical outcomes were assessed by the mean operative time, blood loss, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, Neck Dysfunction Index (NDI), cervical lordosis, fusion rate, and complications. Results:The mean follow-up was 32.4 months. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the blood loss, JOA score, NDI score, and cervical lordosis except operative time. The mean operative time of group A was shorter than that of group Z. Both the 2 groups demonstrated a significant increase in JOA score, NDI score, and cervical lordosis. The fusion rate was 100% at 12 months postoperatively in group Z. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in complications except the ASD. Three patients had radiologic ASD at the final follow-up in group Z, and none in group A. Conclusions:Both zero-prolife devices and artificial cervical disks are generally effective and safe in the treatment of 2 noncontiguous levels of cervical spondylosis. However, in view of occurrence of the radiologic ASD and operative time, we prefer to artificial cervical disks if indications are well controlled.
Wnt signaling regulates hepatobiliary repair following cholestatic liver injury in mice

Hepatic repair is directed chiefly by the proliferation of resident mature epithelial cells. Furthermore, if predominant injury is to cholangiocytes, the hepatocytes can transdifferentiate to cholangiocytes to assist in the repair and vice versa, as shown by various fate‐tracing studies. However, the molecular bases of reprogramming remain elusive. Using two models of biliary injury where repair occurs through cholangiocyte proliferation and hepatocyte transdifferentiation to cholangiocytes, we identify an important role of Wnt signaling. First we identify up‐regulation of specific Wnt proteins in the cholangiocytes. Next, using conditional knockouts of Wntless and Wnt coreceptors low‐density lipoprotein‐related protein 5/6, transgenic mice expressing stable β‐catenin, and in vitro studies, we show a role of Wnt signaling through β‐catenin in hepatocyte to biliary transdifferentiation. Last, we show that specific Wnts regulate cholangiocyte proliferation, but in a β‐catenin‐independent manner. Conclusion: Wnt signaling regulates hepatobiliary repair after cholestatic injury in both β‐catenin‐dependent and ‐independent manners. (Hepatology 2016;64:1652‐1666)
The polynomial and the Poisson measurement error models: some further results on quasi score and corrected score estimation

The asymptotic covariance matrices of the corrected score, the quasi score, and the simple score estimators of a polynomial measurement error model have been derived in the literature. Here some alternative formulas are presented, which might lead to an easier computation of these matrices. In particular, new properties of the variables $t_r$ and $\mu_r$ that constitute the estimators are derived. In addition, the term in the formula for the covariance matrix of the quasi score estimator stemming from the estimation of nuisance parameters is evaluated. The same is done for the log-linear Poisson measurement error model. In the polynomial case, it is shown that the simple score and the quasi score estimators are not always more efficient than the corrected score estimator if the nuisance parameters have to be estimated.
Evidence for two episodes of volcanism in the Bigadiç borate basin and tectonic implications for western Turkey

Western Turkey has been dominated by N–S extension since the Early Miocene. The timing and cause of this N–S extension and related basin formation have been the subject of much debate, but new data from the Bigadiç borate basin provide insights that may solve this controversy. The basin is located in the Bornova Flysch Zone, which is thought to have formed as a major NE‐trending transform zone during Late Cretaceous‐Palaeocene collisional Tethyan orogenesis and later reactivated as a transfer zone of weakness, and which separates two orogenic domains having different structural evolutions.
General and food-specific inhibitory deficits in binge eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE To investigate behavioral inhibition in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) compared with overweight and obese individuals without BED (No-BED). METHOD Participants with BED (n = 31) and the weight-matched No-BED group (n = 29) completed an inhibitory control task (stop-signal task, SST) with food and neutral stimuli. RESULTS The BED group needed more time to stop an ongoing response, as indicated by increased stop signal reaction time (SSRT) relative to the No-BED group. Additionally, compared with the No-BED group, the BED group displayed more difficulty inhibiting responses elicited by food stimuli. The deficits in behavioral response inhibition were also found to be related to the severity of reported symptoms. DISCUSSION There is a general deficit in late stage behavioral inhibition in BED, and this may be particularly pronounced in the context of food stimuli.
TALKING ABOUT WORLDS*

I explore the logic of the conditional, using credence judgments to argue against Duality and in favor of Conditional Excluded Middle . I then explore how to give a theory of the conditional which validates the latter and not the former, developing a variant on Kratzer (1981)’s restrictor theory, as well as a proposal which combines Stalnaker (1968)’s theory of the conditional with the theory of epistemic modals I develop in Mandelkern 2019a. I argue that the latter approach ﬁts naturally with a conception of conditionals as referential devices which allow us to talk about particular worlds.