Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Cardiac Depression Visual Analogue Scale in a medical and non-medical sample

Comorbid depression and medical illness is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes such as lower medication adherence and higher rates of subsequent mortality. Reliable and valid psychological measures capable of detecting a range of depressive symptoms found in medical settings are needed. The Cardiac Depression Visual Analogue Scale (CDVAS) is a recently developed, brief six-item measure originally designed to assess the range and severity of depressive symptoms within a cardiac population. The current study aimed to further investigate the psychometric properties of the CDVAS in a general and medical sample. The sample consisted of 117 participants, whose mean age was 40.0 years (SD = 19.0, range 18–84). Participants completed the CDVAS, the Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and a demographic and health questionnaire. The CDVAS was found to have adequate internal reliability (α = .76), strong concurrent validity with the CDS (r = .89) and the depression sub-scale of the DASS (r = .70), strong discriminant validity and strong predictive validity. The principal components analysis revealed that the CDVAS measured only one component, providing further support for the construct validity of the scale. Results of the current study indicate that the CDVAS is a short, simple, valid and reliable measure of depressive symptoms suitable for use in a general and medical sample.
Investigation of the dynamics of the spread of human immunodeficiency virus to brain and other tissues by evolutionary analysis of sequences from the p17gag and env genes

The time of spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from lymphoid to nonlymphoid tissues in the course of infection was investigated by sequence comparisons of variants infecting a range of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues from three individuals with AIDS in the pl7gag gene and regions flanking the V1/V2 hypervariable regions. Phylogenetic analysis in both regions revealed several lineages in each individual that contained sequences from both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues such as the brain. This observation contrasts strongly with the previously described organ-specific sequences in the V3 region in this study population and other investigations. Although individual pairwise comparisons of relatively short sequences such as p17gag are subject to considerable stochastic error, we found that the diversity of gag sequences in variants from lymphoid tissue was consistently lower than that found among variants amplified from the brain. By estimating mean synonymous pairwise distances in the p17gag region, we were able to make an approximate calculation of the ages of populations in different tissues. Those from lymphoid tissue ranged from 2.65 to 5.6 years in the three study subjects, compared with 4.1 to 6.2 years for variants in the brain. Indeed, variants infecting the brain were no more closely related to each other than they were to variants infecting other tissues in the body. In two of the three individuals, these times of divergence indicate that infection of the brain may have occurred as an early event in the progression to disease, preceding the onset of AIDS by several years. This study is the first in which it was possible to estimate times of diversification in different tissues in vivo and is of importance in understanding the dynamics of the spread of HIV-1 into nonlymphoid tissues and its possible adaptation for replication in different cell types.
Sentiment classification on arabic corpora. A preliminary cross-study

Le developpement des medias sociaux (tels que les forums web en ligne et les sites de reseaux sociaux) a provoque l’interet de fouiller et d’analyser les opinions disponibles sur le web. Ainsi, l’opinion en ligne est devenue l’objet d’etude dans plusieurs domaines de recherche ; en l’occurrence le domaine dit « Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis ». Plusieurs travaux interessants et avances ont ete menes dans peu de langues (notamment l’anglais). Les langues dites riches morphologiquement, comme l’arabe, ont developpe tres peu d’etudes. Le present papier detaille l’etude que nous avons menee dans le but d’investiguer la classification supervisee de sentiment dans un contexte arabe. Nous avons utilise deux corpus arabes differents a plusieurs niveaux. Nous avons utilise trois classificateurs standard et connus pour leur efficacite, a savoir Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines et k-Nearest Neighbor. Nous investiguons un ensemble de settings pour identifier ceux permettant de donner les meilleurs resultats. Les settings ainsi etudies concernent le type de racination, le seuillage de frequence des termes, la ponderation des termes et les n-grammes mots. Nous montrons que Naive Bayes et Support Vector Machines sont efficaces et competitifs. Neanmoins, la performance de k-Nearest Neighbor depend du corpus. Nous recommandons, a travers cette etude, d’utiliser la pseudo-racination plutot que la racination, de supprimer les termes apparaissant une seule fois, de combiner les unigrammes avec les bigrammes mots et d’utiliser une ponderation a base de presence plutot qu’une ponderation a base de frequence. Les resultats de notre etude montrent egalement que la performance de classification peut etre influencee par la longueur et l’homogeneite des documents ainsi que par la nature des auteurs des documents. Par contre, la taille des corpus n’a pas d’impact sur les resultats de classification.
Embryonic Development of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) System in the Chick: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis of GnRH Neuronal Generation, Site of Origin, and Migration* * This work was supported by Grants HD-10665 (to A.J.S.), T32DK07328-16 (to E.M.H.), and T32AG00189 (to E.M.H.).

We present a quantitative immunocytochemical study of GnRH migration by developmental stage. GnRH peptide was detected in cells of the olfactory epithelium at stage 19. Migration was initiated a few hours later at stage 20. Of interest is the observation that GnRH neurons paused at the central nervous system border for 3 days, entering the brain at stage 29. The major expansions of the GnRH population occurred at two points; stages 26 and 42. In one animal a third population expansion occurred after hatching, with the number of GnRH cells reaching 6600. To determine the site of origin of GnRH cells, embryos were exposed to tritiated thymidine and killed 5 h later. Most GnRH cells incorporated label in the olfactory epithelium; however, some autoradiographically labeled GnRH cells, possessing a neuronal morphology, were found in the olfactory nerve and the forebrain, suggesting that some GnRH neurons divide as they migrate. A cumulative labeling method employing tritiated thymidine was used to examine the .
A dichotomous search-based heuristic for the three-dimensional sphere packing problem

In this paper, the three-dimensional sphere packing problem is solved by using a dichotomous search-based heuristic. An instance of the problem is defined by a set of unequal spheres and an object of fixed width and height and, unlimited length. Each sphere is characterized by its radius and the aim of the problem is to optimize the length of the object containing all spheres without overlapping. The proposed method is based upon beam search, in which three complementary phases are combined: (i) a greedy selection phase which determines a series of eligible search subspace, (ii) a truncated tree search, using a width-beam search, that explores some promising paths, and (iii) a dichotomous search that diversifies the search. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on benchmark instances taken from the literature where its obtained results are compared to those reached by some recent methods of the literature. The proposed method is competitive and it yields promising results.
Innate immunity receptor CD36 promotes cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in cerebral arteries, known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), occurs both in the setting of Alzheimer’s disease and independent of it, and can cause cerebrovascular insufficiency and cognitive deficits. The mechanisms leading to CAA have not been established, and no therapeutic targets have been identified. We investigated the role of CD36, an innate immunity receptor involved in Aβ trafficking, in the neurovascular dysfunction, cognitive deficits, and amyloid accumulation that occurs in mice expressing the Swedish mutation of the amyloid precursor protein (Tg2576). We found that Tg2576 mice lacking CD36 have a selective reduction in Aβ1-40 and CAA. This reduced vascular amyloid deposition was associated with preservation of the Aβ vascular clearance receptor LRP-1, and protection from the deleterious effects of Aβ on cerebral arterioles. These beneficial vascular effects were reflected by marked improvements in neurovascular regulation and cognitive performance. Our data suggest that CD36 promotes vascular amyloid deposition and the resulting cerebrovascular damage, leading to neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive deficits. These findings identify a previously unrecognized role of CD36 in the mechanisms of vascular amyloid deposition, and suggest that this scavenger receptor is a putative therapeutic target for CAA and related conditions.
Proxy Svars: Asymptotic Theory, Bootstrap Inference, and the Effects of Income Tax Changes in the United States

Proxy structural vector autoregressions (SVARs) identify structural shocks in vector autoregressions (VARs) with external proxy variables that are correlated with the structural shocks of interest but uncorrelated with other structural shocks. We provide asymptotic theory for proxy SVARs when the VAR innovations and proxy variables are jointly α-mixing. We also prove the asymptotic validity of a residual-based moving block bootstrap (MBB) for inference on statistics that depend jointly on estimators for the VAR coefficients and for covariances of the VAR innovations and proxy variables. These statistics include structural impulse response functions (IRFs). Conversely, wild bootstraps are invalid, even when innovations and proxy variables are either independent and identically distributed or martingale difference sequences, and simulations show that their coverage rates for IRFs can be badly mis-sized. Using the MBB to re-estimate confidence intervals for the IRFs in Mertens and Ravn (2013), we show that inferences cannot be made about the effects of tax changes on output, labor, or investment.
Use of alternative time scales in Cox proportional hazard models: implications for time‐varying environmental exposures

Issues surrounding choice of time scales in Cox proportional hazard regression models have received limited attention in the literature. Although the choice between time on study and ‘attained’ age time scales has been examined, the calendar time scale may be of interest when modeling health effects of environmental exposures with noteworthy secular trends such as ambient particulate matter air pollution in large epidemiological cohort studies. The authors use simulation studies to examine performance (bias, mean squared error, coverage probabilities, and power) of models using all three time scales when the primary exposure of interest depends on calendar time. Results show that performance of models fit to the calendar time scale varies inversely with the strength of the linear association between the time‐varying primary exposure and calendar time. Although models fit to attained age and time on study that do not adjust for calendar time were relatively robust, the authors conclude that care should be exercised when using time scales that are highly correlated with exposures of interest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apoptotic Cells Activate the “Phoenix Rising” Pathway to Promote Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration

Caspases in dying cells trigger the release of growth signals that promote tissue repair. Rising from the Dead Tissue injury causes cell death. Apoptotic cell death enables the elimination of damaged cells, clearing the way for tissue regeneration. Enzymes called caspases are activated in apoptotic cells, and Li et al. show that in addition to helping to execute the death process, caspases 3 and 7 stimulate the release of proliferation signals from dying cells. The authors found that skin wound healing and liver regeneration were compromised in mice deficient in caspase 3 or 7. Furthermore, stem or progenitor cells injected with or without irradiated cells or injected into irradiated or undamaged tissue proliferated more in the presence of irradiated cells or tissue. The authors dub the molecular events associated with death-induced proliferation the “phoenix rising” pathway, which involves the caspase-mediated activation of phospholipase A2 and the subsequent production and release of the lipid signal prostaglandin E2, a stimulator of cell proliferation. The ability to regenerate damaged tissues is a common characteristic of multicellular organisms. We report a role for apoptotic cell death in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration in mice. Apoptotic cells released growth signals that stimulated the proliferation of progenitor or stem cells. Key players in this process were caspases 3 and 7, proteases activated during the execution phase of apoptosis that contribute to cell death. Mice lacking either of these caspases were deficient in skin wound healing and in liver regeneration. Prostaglandin E2, a promoter of stem or progenitor cell proliferation and tissue regeneration, acted downstream of the caspases. We propose to call the pathway by which executioner caspases in apoptotic cells promote wound healing and tissue regeneration in multicellular organisms the “phoenix rising” pathway.
Sex education in the secondary schools.

Make more knowledge even in less time every day. You may not always spend your time and money to go abroad and get the experience and knowledge by yourself. Reading is a good alternative to do in getting this desirable knowledge and experience. You may gain many things from experiencing directly, but of course it will spend much money. So here, by reading sex education in secondary schools, you can take more advantages with limited budget.
Sénescence et longévité : des mécanismes aux processus évolutifs : étude chez les oiseaux et les mammifères

Il existe dans le regne animal une diversite incroyable de durees de vie allant de quelques jours pour les petits vers gastrotriches a plusieurs centaines d’annees pour certains bivalves ou tortues terrestres. Cette etonnante diversite a depuis longtemps questionne les chercheurs en biologie. L’interet croissant pour le phenomene de vieillissement, notamment du a l’augmentation de l’esperance de vie chez l’Homme, a conduit les chercheurs a essayer de comprendre les processus qui determinent les patrons de longevite et de vieillissement. D’une part, les etudes biomedicales et biogerontologiques ont contribue a decrire nombres de mecanismes physiologiques et cellulaires a l’origine du vieillissement. Parmi ces mecanismes, le stress oxydant a ete identifie comme jouant un role majeur, a travers l’accumulation au cours de la vie des degâts generes par la production de radicaux libres lors d’activites metaboliques aerobies. D’autre part, le developpement de theories evolutives du vieillissement a contribue a comprendre l’origine ultime du vieillissement et l’evolution de la diversite des traits d’histoire de vie. Cependant, ces approches, bien que complementaires, sont longtemps restees impermeables et les travaux integrant les mecanismes physiologiques tels que le stress oxydant dans une perspective evolutive n’ont connu que de recents developpements. Dans cette these, nous avons etudie comment des mecanismes tels que le stress oxydant et ses couts associes lors d’evenements comme la reproduction ou la reponse immunitaire pouvaient jouer un role dans l’evolution des patrons de vieillissement chez les oiseaux et les mammiferes (i) en etudiant le role des antioxydants comme ressources cles dans les compromis adaptatifs entre reproduction et survie en fonction de l’âge, (ii) en etudiant les consequences a long terme de l’environnement perinatal, (iii) en etudiant le lien entre reponse inflammatoire et patrons de vieillissement et de longevite contrastee entre oiseaux et mammiferes, (iv) en s’interessant plus particulierement aux mecanismes de regulation immunitaire, soulignant leur role crucial pour la fitness des hotes, et notamment tard dans la vie. Nos resultats soulignent l’importance des contraintes physiologiques liees a la limitation en ressources cles (antioxydants) ou aux degâts engendres lors d’activites couteuses et destructrices et sur les patrons de vieillissements a l’echelle intra et inter-specifique.
Cooperating Array Grammar Systems

The aim of this paper is to elaborate the power of cooperation in generating pictures by array grammars. As it is expected, the generative capacity of cooperating array grammar systems (with a fixed number, with a number greater than a given threshold, or with the maximal number of derivation steps in each component when it is enabled) is strictly greater than that of context-free array grammars. Yet the same result is also obtained in the case of systems with regular components, which contradicts the corresponding result for string grammar systems. In fact, some more results for array grammar systems are obtained which either contradict the results for the corresponding string grammar systems or are not even known for these string grammar systems. Various non-context-free sets of arrays which can be generated in a simple way by cooperating array grammar systems are presented and show the power of the mechanism of cooperation for picture descritpion.
Relatedness of Streptococcus suisSerotype 2 Isolates from Different Geographic Origins as Evaluated by Molecular Fingerprinting and Phenotyping

ABSTRACT The genetic diversity of 88 Streptococcus suis serotype 2 isolates which were recovered from various countries was examined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with three primers. This bacterial collection included 80 isolates of porcine origin and 8 of human origin. This investigation allowed the identification of 23 RAPD types containing 1 to 30 isolates originating from one to six countries. Common RAPD patterns were found between human and pig isolates. The isolates were also tested for the production of virulent factors such as hemolysin, muramidase-released protein (MRP), and extracellular factor (EF). All isolates exhibiting the virulent phenotype hemolysin+ MRP+ EF+clearly clustered on the basis of fingerprinting by RAPD analysis. In a similar way, most of isolates with the hemolysin−MRP− EF− phenotype were assigned to one RAPD cluster. Therefore, RAPD clusters are more related to the phenotype defined with hemolysin, MRP, and EF than to the geographic origin of the isolates. These data indicate that RAPD analysis used in conjunction with phenotypic methods provides a reliable method for the assessment of the clonal relationship between S. suisisolates responsible for infections in pigs or humans, especially for those exhibiting the classic “virulent” phenotype hemolysin+ MRP+ EF+.
The association of total and central body fat with pain, fatigue and the impact of fibromyalgia in women; role of physical fitness

The relationship between estimates of total and central body fat with fibromyalgia pain, fatigue and overall impact has not been fully described. We aimed to assess the individual and combined association of body fat (total and central) with pain, fatigue and the overall impact in fibromyalgia women; and to study the possible mediation role of physical fitness in these associations.
Advancement of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities

Hypersialylation of tumor cell surface proteins along with a marked upregulation of sialyltransferase (ST) activity is a well‐established hallmark of cancer. Due to the critical role of STs in tumor growth and progression, ST inhibition has emerged as a potential new antimetastatic strategy for a range of cancers including pancreatic and ovarian. Human STs are divided into subtypes based on their linkage and acceptor molecule, with each subtype controlling the synthesis of specific sialylated structures with unique biological roles. This has important implications for inhibitor development, as STs also play significant roles in immune responses, inflammation, viral infection, and neurological disorders. Thus, the current goal in order to advance to the clinic is the development of subtype selective, cell‐permeable and synthetically accessible, small‐molecule ST inhibitors. Herein is a comprehensive review of the latest developments in ST inhibitors from design, Nature, and high‐throughput screening, addressing both the challenges and opportunities in targeting cell surface sialylation. The review features an overview of the biological evaluation methods, computational and imaging tools, inhibitor molecular diversity, and selectivity toward ST subtypes, along with the emerging role of ST inhibitors as diagnostic tools for disease imaging.
incident cases schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: follow-up study of 535 Cannabis-induced psychosis and subsequent

References http://bjp.rcpsych. org/content/187/6/510#BIBL This article cites 0 articles, 0 of which you can access for free at: permissions Reprints/ permissions@rcpsych.ac. uk write to To obtain reprints or permission to reproduce material from this paper, please to this article at You can respond http://bjp.rcpsych. org/cgi/eletter-submit/187/6/510 from Downloaded The Royal College of Psychiatrists Published by on February 9, 2013 http://bjp.rcpsych. org/
The diagonal ear-lobe crease, heredity and coronary heart disease.

A total of 41 male patients (age range 29–50 years; mean 44) with previous myocardial infarction (MI) and their 134 first-degree relatives including 5 fathers, 11 mothers, 45 brothers, 26 sisters, 22 sons and 25 daughters, (age range 9–72 years), were examined for the presence or absence of the ear-lobe crease (ELC) in an attempt to study the heritability of this sign which has been reported to be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). ELC was present in 24 MI patients (59%) and absent in 17 (41%). They had 74 and 61 relatives, respectively. All relatives with CHD in each group also had ELC, which was also found in approximately half of the parents without clinical CHD and about one quarter of the healthy brothers of both patient groups. The healthy sisters of MI patients with ELC showed the ear sign remarkably often (31%), but it was found in only 1 sister of the MI patient without ELC. None of the children had ELC. The present findings support an association between ELC and CHD and may reflect, in addition, a connection between ELC and clinically silent coronary atherosclerosis in these selected families. The results do not indicate that ELC is an inheritable sign as such. Rather, it develops together with CHD as has been supposed previously.
Rule-based equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategies for hybrid vehicles

Abstract The highest control layer of a (hybrid) vehicular drive train is termed the Energy Management Strategy (EMS). In this paper an overview of different control methods is given and a new rule-based EMS is introduced based on the combination of Rule-Based and Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies (RB-ECMS). The RB-ECMS uses only one main design parameter and requires no tuning of many threshold control values and parameters. This design parameter represents the maximum propulsion power of the secondary power source (i.e., electric machine/battery) during pure electric driving. The RB-ECMS is compared with the strategy based on Dynamic Programming (DP), which is inherently optimal for a given cycle. The RB-ECMS proposed in this paper requires significantly less computation time with the similar result as DP (within ±1% accuracy).