Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A THEORY OF INSTRUCTION: USING THE LEARNING-CYCLE TO TEACH SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND THINKING SKILLS

This monograph describes the origins of the learning cycle, related research, and ht)w future researcA might be conducted to further the %nderstanding of theories of instruction. A wide range of information is synthesized, producing a coherent framework for better understanding the theory of the learning cycle. The monograph identifies various models of the learning cycle, and focuses on a cycle consisting of exploration, term (concept) introduction, and concept application. Topics include: (I) a brief introduction to education goals in general and then to the more specific goals of science education; (2) the introduction of the learning cycle and the fundamental instructional method for teaching science to achieve these goals; (3) the historical origins of the learning cycle method; (4) attempts to provide a theoretical rationale for using the learning cycle method; (5) the nature of the learning cycle and types of learning cycles to show how their use leads to students' acquisition of scientific concepts and the development of creative and critical thinking skills; (6) a review of the empirical research; and (7) suggestions for future research. Appended are the procedures for five science activities that show the use of learning cycle.
Protected EAP Protocol (PEAP) Version 2

The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) provides for support of multiple authentication methods. This document defines the Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) Version 2, which provides an encrypted and authenticated tunnel based on transport layer security (TLS) that encapsulates EAP authentication mechanisms. PEAPv2 uses TLS to protect against rogue authenticators, protect against various attacks on the confidentiality and integrity of the inner EAP method exchange and provide EAP peer identity privacy. PEAPv2 also provides support for chaining multiple EAP mechanisms, cryptographic binding between authentications performed by inner EAP mechanisms and the tunnel, exchange of arbitrary parameters (TLVs), optimized session resumption, and fragmentation and reassembly.
Problem Solving: A Handbook for Senior High School Teachers

Bring home now the book enPDFd problem solving a handbook for senior high school teachers to be your sources when going to read. It can be your new collection to not only display in your racks but also be the one that can help you fining the best sources. As in common, book is the window to get in the world and you can open the world easily. These wise words are really familiar with you, isn't it?
Verbs in the written English of Chinese learners : a corpus-based comparison between non-native speakers and native speakers

This thesis consists of ten chapters and its research methodology is a combination of quantitative and qualitative. Chapter One introduces the theme of the thesis, a demonstration of a corpus-based comparative approach in detecting the needs of the learners by looking for the similarities and disparities between the learner English (the COLEC corpus) and the NS English (the LOCNESS corpus). Chapter Two reviews the literature in relevant learner language studies and indicates the tasks of the research. The data and technology are introduced in Chapter Three. Chapter Four shows how two verb lemma lists can be made by using the Wordsmith Tools supported by other corpus and IT tools. How to make sense of the verb lemma lists is the focus of the second part of this chapter. Chapter Five deals with the individual forms of verbs and the findings suggest that there is less homogeneity in the learner English than the NS English. Chapter Six extends the research to verb–noun relationships in the learner English and the NS English and the result shows that the learners prioritise verbs over nouns. Chapter Seven studies the learners’ preferences in using the patterns of KEEP compared with those of the NSs, and finds that the learners have various problems in using this simple verb. In this chapter, too, my reservations about the traditional use of ‘overuse’ and ‘underuse’ are expressed and a finer classification system is suggested. Chapter Eight compares another frequently-occurring verb, TAKE, in the aspect of collocates and yields similar findings that the learners have problems even with such simple vocabulary. In Chapter Nine, the research findings from Chapter Four to Chapter Eight are revisited and discussed in relation to the theme of the thesis. The concluding chapter, Chapter Ten, summarises the previous chapters and envisages how learner language studies will develop in the coming few years.
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Sublime and Beautiful

Edited with an introduction and notes by James T. Boulton. 'One of the greatest essays ever written on art.'- The Guardian Edmund Burke's A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful is one of the most important works of aesthetics ever published. Whilst many writers have taken up their pen to write of "the beautiful", Burke's subject here was the quality he uniquely distinguished as "the sublime"-an all-consuming force beyond beauty that compelled terror as much as rapture in all who beheld it. It was an analysis that would go on to inspire some of the leading thinkers of the age, including Immanuel Kant and Denis Diderot. The Routledge Classics edition presents the authoritative text of the first critical edition of Burke's essay ever published, including a substantial critical and historical commentary. Edmund Burke (1729-1797). A politician, philosopher and orator, Burke lived during a turbulent time in world history, which saw revolutions in America and France that inspired his most famous work, Reflections on the Revolution in France.
Organising and structuring a visual diary using visual interest point detectors

As wearable cameras become more popular, researchers are increasingly focusing on novel applications to manage the large volume of data these devices produce. One such application is the construction of a Visual Diary from an individual’s photographs. Microsoft’s SenseCam, a device designed to passively record a Visual Diary and cover a typical day of the user wearing the camera, is an example of one such device. The vast quantity of images generated by these devices means that the management and organisation of these collections is not a trivial matter. We believe wearable cameras, such as SenseCam, will become more popular in the future and the management of the volume of data generated by these devices is a key issue. Although there is a significant volume of work in the literature in the object detection and recognition and scene classification fields, there is little work in the area of setting detection. Furthermore, few authors have examined the issues involved in analysing extremely large image collections (like a Visual Diary) gathered over a long period of time. An algorithm developed for setting detection should be capable of clustering images captured at the same real world locations (e.g. in the dining room at home, in front of the computer in the office, in the park, etc.). This requires the selection and implementation of suitable methods to identify visually similar backgrounds in images using their visual features. We present a number of approaches to setting detection based on the extraction of visual interest point detectors from the images. We also analyse the performance of two of the most popular descriptors - Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF). We present an implementation of a Visual Diary application and evaluate its performance via a series of user experiments. Finally, we also outline some techniques to allow the Visual Diary to automatically detect new settings, to scale as the image collection continues to grow substantially over time, and to allow the user to generate a personalised summary of their data.
Concurrent Multi-browser Crawling of Ajax-based Web Applications

Web applications are becoming more and more the replacement of desktop applications, using Ajax as their main technology to achieve user-friendly and interactive user interfaces. The best known example is the email application GMail, other examples include Google Docs, Google Maps, Facebook, Yahoo Mail and Twitter. These technological advantages brings some number of challenges when crawling those applications. The state of the user interface can not be accessed directly as with original web applications. This disables the usage of traditional web crawlers, which uses static analysis to find new pages. A dynamic approach, using a real browser of explore the user interface, was proven to be very successful. The dynamic approach did not scale well to large application, when applications grew the limits of this approach were reached. In this thesis we first perform a measurement to find the exact limitations of using this dynamic approach, knowing the limitations we propose a technique to improve the scalability of Ajax web crawlers. We use the model of web application to apply a dynamic partition function, which we use to analyse the different parts of an Ajax application concurrently using multiple browsers. We implemented our approach in the open source testing tool Crawljax. We describe three case-studies evaluating the effectiveness of our implemented performance improvements. The results are very promising, showing expected performance improvements, and enabled us to use crawljax successfully in large production environments.
Finding All Steady States in Biological Regulatory Networks

Motivation. Computing the long term behavior of regulatory and signaling networks is critical in understanding how biological functions take place in organisms. Steady states of these networks determine the activity levels of individual entities in the long run. Identifying all the steady states of these networks is difficult as it suffers from the state space explosion problem. Results. In this paper, we propose a method for identifying all the steady states of regulatory and signaling networks accurately and efficiently. We build a mathematical model that allows pruning a large portion of the state space quickly without causing any false dismissals. For the remaining state space, which is typically very small compared to the whole state space, we develop a randomized algorithm that extracts the steady states. This algorithm estimates the number of steady states, and the expected behaviors of individual genes and gene pairs in steady states in an online fashion. Also, we formulate a stopping criteria that terminates the randomized algorithm as soon as user supplied percentage of the results are returned with high confidence. Finally, in order to maintain the scalability of our algorithm to very large networks, we develop a partitioning-based estimation strategy. We show that our algorithm can identify all the steady states accurately. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate that our method is scalable to virtually any large real biological network.
A reassessment of the formation of the patina called scialbatura

AbstractThe nature and the origin of the patina upon stone has been investigated. The formation of oxalate scialbatura on marbles and limestones is not always related to the metabolic activity of lichens. Two cases are discussed: an example of an oxalate patina formed by an old protective treatment, presumably with calcium caseinate, and an example of a patina without oxalates. A case is also given where both lichens and oxalates have been found on a stone surface but a patina did not form.
Computational experience with linear optimization and related problems

The computational aspects of the simplex algorithm are investigated, and high performance computing is used to enhance the computational performance of analogous algorithms for linear systems. It is well-known that the efficiency of mathematical optimization software is integrally linked to the preprocessing techniques employed by software. Existing preprocessing techniques are reviewed, and the relative cost and effectiveness of these techniques are explored. Scaling is the most common preconditioning technique utilized in linear optimization solvers. Existing techniques for obtaining scaling factors for linear systems are investigated, and it is discovered that, on average, no scaling technique outperforms the simplest technique, i.e., equilibration, despite the added complexity and computational cost. Furthermore, simply applying techniques that work well in practice for linear systems (i.e., solving Ax = b, where A is an n × n matrix with full-rank and b is an n-vector) is not a solution to the underlying problem of scaling a linear program. A small computational study depicts the effectiveness of the Orchard-Hays triangularization technique in preordering a simplex basis for factorization. Pricing and pivoting in the simplex algorithm involve selecting an entering and exiting variable at each iteration. Several existing pricing procedures are reviewed, and new procedures are proposed. These procedures are capable of reducing the number of simplex iterations. By prohibiting specific variables from repeatedly re-entering the basis, degenerate cycles can be avoided. This phenomenon is computationally analyzed using several modern test problems. High performance computing is investigated for several related linear problems. A composite-Jacobi binormalization algorithm is developed for the graphics processing unit. It is shown that this algorithm achieves a six-fold improvement in performance relative to the corresponding CPU implementation. The graphics processing unit is used to solve large linear systems derived from partial differential equations. Well-known indirect methods are studied, and the results demonstrate that a graphics processing unit implementation of CGNR (conjugate gradient normal residual) is capable of out-performing a state-of-the-art parallel implementation of a specialized algorithm designed for a 16-node Linux cluster. The computational results demonstrate that the graphics processing unit offers a low-cost and high-performance computing solution for solving large-scale partial differential equations.
Intonation in a text-to-speech conversion system

This thesis presents the development and implementation of a set of rules to generate intonational specifications for unrestricted text. The theoretical assumptions which motivate this work are outlined, and the performance of the mles is discussed with reference to various test corpora and formal evaluation experiments. The development of our rules is seen as a cycle involving the implementation of theoretical ideas about intonation in a text-to-speech conversion system, the testing of that implementation against some relevant body of data, and the refinement of the theory on the basis of the results. The first chapter introduces the problem of intonation in text-to-speech conversion, discusses previous practical and theoretical approaches to the problem, and sets out the general approach which is followed in subsequent chapters. We restrict the scope of our rules to generating acceptable neutral intonation, an approximation to broad focus (Ladd 1980), and we present a rule-development strategy based on the idea of a default specification (which can be successively refined) and on the principle of making maximum use of all the information available from text. The second chapter presents a framework for deriving an intonational specification in terms of accents and boundaries from a crude syntactic representation of any text sentence. This framework involves three stages: the division of text into intonational domains of various hierarchic levels; the assignment of accents to lexical items on the basis of stress information and grammatical class; and the modification of these accents and boundaries in accordance with phonological principles of prominence and rhythm. Chapter 3 discusses the problem of evaluating synthetic intonation, introduces an original evaluation procedure, and presents two formal evaluations of the output of the rules described in Chapter 2. Further sections present our attempts to improve our treatment of the three major causes of errors in the evaluated output: prepositional phrases, non-words or anomalies (e.g. numbers, dates and abbreviations), and anaphora of various kinds.
Toward a Shared Vocabulary for Visual Analysis: An Analytic Toolkit for Deconstructing the Visual Design of Graphic Novels

Abstract Literacy educators might advocate using graphic novels to develop students’ visual literacy skills, but teachers who lack a vocabulary for engaging in close analysis of visual texts may be reluctant to teach them. Recognizing this, teacher educators should equip preservice teachers with a vocabulary for analyzing visual texts.This article foregrounds three analytic concepts preservice teachers can use to examine the role issues of design play in eliciting their response to images—specifically, those in graphic novels. To demonstrate how the concepts function, the author applies them to his own reading of panels excerpted from a critically acclaimed graphic novel for adolescents.
Teaching Communication and Teamwork in Engineering and Computer Science

This paper describes a project in which Communication Studies pedagogy was incorporated into Software Engineering courses at California State University, Northridge. Responding to the needs of potential employers as well as the ABET 2000 criteria, faculty from the Departments of Communication Studies and Computer Science developed a variety of instructional strategies to enhance students’ ability to work in teams and maximize group effectiveness. The project involved specific instruction in group communication skills as part of the regular course of instruction, the administration of the Kolbe A TM Index, and assessment by students and instructors of the value of the team process and projects. I. Introduction Although it is commonly recognized by educators and scholars alike that to be successful in today’s workplace, high levels of teamwork and communication skills are necessary, instruction in these areas in Engineering and Computer Science is minimal, if undertaken at all. During the past four semesters, we have introduced students to the study of group process and have assessed the value of such instruction. In designated sections of Computer Science 380, "An Introduction to Software Engineering," we provided some specific, but limited instruction in group communication and administered the Kolbe A Index. 1 The Kolbe A Index is an instrument that measures conation, or a person’s inherent talent or natural way of doing things and predicts what a person will or will not do, given the freedom to act. Widely used in the corporate world, the Kolbe A Index is valuable method for putting together synergistic teams. Our experience has demonstrated the value of instruction in group process and the benefits of assigning students to teams based on their conative talents. An analysis of success of team projects over a two year period shows a statistically significant correlation between team synergy and scores on team projects. Furthermore, teams receiving specific instruction in communication skills also performed better and viewed the team projects more positively. Although this study was done in computer science courses, the results clearly suggest the applicability of these pedagogical methods to any course where communication and team building skills are important.
Influence of mobility models on node distribution in ad hoc networks

Node distribution in ad hoc mobile radio networks is a key metric that can influence network performance such as connectivity and system capacity. It is known that the node distribution has a strong relationship with mobility models. However, not enough theoretical research has been done on them due to its randomness and complexity. Most researchers pick up mobility models without carefully examining their properties. This paper attempts a statistical approach on theoretical analysis of mobility models. Several important theorems with regards to mobility models and their influence on mobile node distribution are established. Furthermore, our theorem is applied on investigation of three typical random mobility models. The analysis is further validated by our simulation results. We also proposed some practical approaches on reasonable usage of mobility models.
Analyse in situ des dessins prehistoriques de la grotte de Rouffignac par fluorescence X et diffraction X portable

La Grotte de Rouffignac (Dordogne, France) est un site d'art paleolithique qui renferme de nombreux dessins realises au trait noir (mammouths, bisons, rhinoceros laineux, chevaux, bouquetins.). Bien qu'aucune datation directe n'ait ete realisee a ce jour, les œuvres graphiques de cette caverne sont en general rattachees au Magdalenien.
THEMATIC PROGRESSION IN STUDENTS’ EXPLANATORY TEXTS:A Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspective

This study aims to portray the realisations of Thematic Progression in students’ explanatory text. Two research problems are posted; the first one is how students realised Thematic Progression of their explanatory texts. The second research problem relates to the extent to which in terms of thematic progression the students’ explanatory texts are consistent with features of scientific texts, i.e. dominant occurence of Simple Linear Progression (SLT) and Constant Thematic Progression (CTP). There were 20 students involved in this study. In analysing the students’ texts, this study adopted Halliday’s concepts of Theme-Rheme and Danes’ Model of Thematic Progression analysis. The study found two primary findings. Firstly, it is found that the students applied four thematic progression patterns, i.e. Simple Linear Progression (SLP), Constant Thematic Progression (CTP), Derived Theme Progression (DTP), and Split Rheme Progression (SRP). Secondly, regarding Thematic Progression distribution, it is found that the students’ explanatory texts are consistent with the features of scientific texts. This is suppported by the dominant number of CTP pattern (48.39%) and SLP pattern (32.06%) in those texts. This suggests that the students are able to organise their texts in four thematic organisations. The fact also implies that the students are capable to perform a commonly acceptable organisation of information in scientific texts because their texts are significantly consistent with the features of general English scientific texts in terms of thematic progression, i.e. the dominant realisation of Simple Linear Progression (SLP) and Constant Thematic Progression (CTP)