Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Not Doing Is Not the Opposite of Doing: Implications for Attitudinal Models of Behavioral Prediction

This study argues for and tests the prediction that cognitions about not performing a behavior are not simple opposites of cognitions about performing the same behavior because they rely on separate goals. Three behaviors (i.e., eating meat, doing vigorous physical activity, and breastfeeding) are examined, for which performing and not performing are means to different goals. In the context of the theory of planned behavior, the discriminant validity of constructs related to performing and not performing behaviors is tested. Moreover, the simultaneous validities of perceived behavioral control over doing and not doing for the prediction of both intentions and the incremental validity of both intentions in predicting behavior are investigated. Results show that the constructs related to performing and not performing a behavior independently contribute to the prediction of intentions and behaviors. Implications of considering separable motivational systems underlying doing and not doing are discussed.
Phase Corrected Substrate Integrated Waveguide H-Plane Horn Antenna With Embedded Metal-Via Arrays

A novel phase corrected substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane horn antenna with embedded metal-via arrays is presented. The SIW horn is divided into four subhorns by three metal-via arrays inside the horn. A uniform phase distribution of EM field across the horn aperture is achieved by adjusting the lengths and positions of the metal-via arrays. The proposed horn antenna has a compact profile, and its simulated gain is 7.50 dBi at 35.5 GHz, whereas the simulated gain of a traditional horn antenna without the metal-via arrays is 6.38 dBi. When measured, the gain of the proposed horn antenna is 7.87 dBi at 35.5 GHz, whereas the gain of the traditional horn antenna is 5.58 dBi. Good agreement between the simulated and the measured results is obtained.
Food Subsidy, Income Transfer and the Poor

The Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) - the largest food subsidy program in India - has been a dismal failure in targeting the poor. The present paper examines its performance in three Indian states - Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan, based on primary data collected for this study. As real income transfers through food price subsidies are a tiny fraction of expenditure per person under this scheme, a contribution of the present study is to model determinants of real income transfers through subsidized wheat, rice and sugar. The analysis throws new light on how income transfers vary with economic status of a household, inequality in the distribution of land in a village, amount of food price subsidy, transaction costs of buying from ‘fair price shops’ (FPS), and supply shortages. The policy implications of these results are profound. Desperate measures such as a universal food subsidy enshrined in a proposed National Food Security Act are rejected on the grounds that the enormous leakages and wastage under the present TPDS would only get worse. Assertions that a universal food subsidy is the only option consistent with the right to food are rejected as mistaken, as the latter could be interpreted as a right to a right, or, more specifically, as a right to sensible livelihood expansion and price stabilization policies.
Differential residual effects of zaleplon and zopiclone on actual driving: a comparison with a low dose of alcohol.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To compare residual effects of zaleplon 10 mg, zopiclone 7.5 mg, and placebo, and a social dose of alcohol on car driving, memory, and psychomotor performance. DESIGN Two-part placebo controlled, crossover study. Part 1 was single blind, Part 2 double blind. SETTING University research institute. PARTICIPANTS Thirty healthy volunteers (15 men and 15 women, mean age 32 +/- 7 years) INTERVENTIONS In Part 1 alcohol and alcohol-placebo drinks were administered around noon. In Part 2 single oral doses of zaleplon 10 mg, zopiclone 7.5 mg and placebo were administered at bedtime. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS A highway driving test, laboratory tests of word learning, critical tracking and divided attention, and subjective assessments of sleep, mood, and effects of treatments on driving. Driving started 40 minutes after a second alcohol dose in Part 1, and 10 hours after drug intake in Part 2. The results demonstrated that alcohol, at average plasma concentrations of approximately 0.030 g/dl, significantly impaired performance in all tests. Zaleplon's residual effects did not differ significantly from those of placebo in any test. In contrast, zopiclone had significant residual effects on driving, divided attention, and memory. The magnitude of impairment in the driving test observed the morning after zopiclone 7.5 mg was twice that observed with alcohol. CONCLUSION Zaleplon 10 mg has no residual effects on driving when taken at bedtime, 10 hours before driving. In contrast, zopiclone 7.5 mg can cause marked residual impairment. Patients should be advised to avoid driving the morning after zopiclone administration.
Part-time: Beyond second best? Access to part-time employment: The cases of education and local government in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom

Where working-time options are favourable to part-time ‘mummies’, part-time employment (PT) is likely to expand among other workers. The article adopts a case-oriented comparative approach in the UK and the Netherlands. Efforts to promote PT in the UK are hindered by segmentation and the long-hours culture, but job sharing is promoting an increase in the number of good PT jobs. In the Netherlands, PT is also gendered and segmented; however, access to PT is easier in a context of regulatory support where organizations, already facing short full-time employment and a high rate of PT, are learning to decouple business hours from employees’ shifts.
Variation in Volatile Leaf Oils of Eleven Eucalyptus Species Harvested from Korbous Arboreta (Tunisia)

Hydrodistillation of the dried leaves of eleven species of the genus Eucalyptus L'Hér. , i.e., E. astringens Maiden, E. camaldulensis Dehnh. , E. diversifolia Bonpl. , E. falcata Turcz. , E. ficifolia F. Muell. , E. gomphocephala DC. , E. lehmannii (Schauer) Benth. , E. maculata Hook. , E. platypus Hook. , E. polyanthemos Schauer, and E. rudis Endl. , harvested from Korbous arboreta (region of Nabeul, northeast of Tunisia) in April 2006, afforded essential oils in yields varying from 0.1±0.1 to 3.8±0.1%, dependent on the species. E. astringens and E. ficifolia showed the highest and the lowest mean percentage of essential oil amongst all the species examined, respectively. Analysis by GC (RI) and GC/MS allowed the identification of 138 components, representing 74.0 to 99.1% of the total oil. The contents of the different samples varied according to the species. The main components were 1,8‐cineole, followed by trans‐pinocarveol (1), spathulenol (2), α‐pinene, p‐cymene, (E,E)‐farnesol, cryptone, globulol (3), β‐phellandrene, α‐terpineol, viridiflorol, and α‐eudesmol. The principal‐component and the hierarchical‐cluster analyses separated the eleven Eucalyptus leaf essential oils into seven groups, each constituting a chemotype.
Quality of life and brain function following high‐dose recombinant human erythropoietin in low‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a preliminary report

Objective: In this prospective study we evaluate the effects of high‐dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on quality of life (QOL) and brain function in patients with low‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (<10% marrow blasts). Preliminary data are reported.
The Tendon-to-Bone Transition of the Rotator Cuff: A Preliminary Raman Spectroscopic Study Documenting the Gradual Mineralization across the Insertion in Rat Tissue Samples

We applied Raman spectroscopy to monitor the distribution of mineral and the degree of mineralization across the tendon-bone insertion site in the shoulders of five rats. We acquired Raman spectra from 100 to 4000 Δcm−1 on individual 1 μm points across the 120 μm wide transition zone of each tissue sample and identified all the peaks detected in pure tendon and in pure bone, as well as in the transition zone. The intensity of the 960 Δcm−1 P–O stretch for apatite (normalized to either the 2940 Δcm−1 C–H stretch or the 1003 Δcm−1 C–C stretch for collagen) was used as an indicator of the abundance of mineral. We relate the observed histological morphology in the tissue thin section with the observed Raman peaks for both the organic component (mostly collagen) and the inorganic component (a carbonated form of the mineral apatite) and discuss spectroscopic issues related to peak deconvolution and quantification of overlapping Raman peaks. We show that the mineral-to-collagen ratio at the insertion site increases linearly (R2 = 0.8 for five samples) over the distance of 120 μm from tendon to bone, rather than abruptly, as previously inferred from histological observations. In addition, narrowing of the 960 Δcm−1 band across the traverse indicates that the crystalline ordering within the apatite increases concomitantly with the degree of mineralization. This finding of mineral gradation has important clinical implications and may explain why the uninjured tendon-to-bone connection of the rotator cuff can sustain very high loads without failure. Our finding is also consistent with recent mechanical models and calculations developed to better understand the materials properties of this unusually strong interface.
A ten years (2000–2009) surveillance of resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Zhejiang Province, China

Objective: In Zhejiang Province, there are several highly developed cities near the coast and several relatively under-developed mountain areas. Analysis of the composition of bacteria isolated from patients as well as their antibiotic resistance profile from various areas of this province, and tracing of such data year-by-year, will help to delineate the bacterial resistance profile of these areas and to understand how the stage of socio-economical development impacts on the composition of clinical micro-flora and their resistance profile. Methods: In order to investigate variation in resistance rates and isolation rates of Enterobacteriaceae, from 2000 to 2009 in Zhejiang Province, China, Enterobacteriaceae isolated from 15 hospitals located in different regions of the province were surveyed. Results: The total numbers of the Enterobacteriaceae isolated increased more than 20-fold from 2000 to 2009. Among the Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the dominant isolates. The percentage of E. coli and K. pneumoniae that produced detectable extended-spectrum ? -lactamases (ESBLs) increased from 2000 to 2007, and then declined slightly in 2008 and 2009. The percentages of K. pneumoniae and E. coli that were resistant to ceftazidime increased sharply from 2000 to 2009. There were remarkable increases in the carbapenem resistant rates during the decade, but they were much higher for the isolates from the developed cities than from the rural areas. In 2002, carbapenem-resistant E. coli was first found in Hangzhou, one of the highly developed cities in Zhejiang Province. By 2009, carbapenem-resistant bacteria were found for all species of Enterobacteriaceae surveyed in almost all areas of the province, although they were more frequently identified in developed areas than in rural areas. Conclusion: Much restrictive actions have to be taken in terms of rational use of antibiotics and nosocomial control to prevent the further spread of the drug-resistant pathogens.
Does money matter in the ECB strategy

We examine the role of money in the policies of the ECB, using introductory statements of the ECB President at the monthly press conferences during 1999-2004. Over time, the relative amount of words devoted to the monetary analysis has decreased. Our analysis of indicators of the monetary policy stance suggests that developments in the monetary sector, while somewhat more important in the later half of the sample, only played a minor role most of the time. Our estimates of ECB interest rate decisions suggest that the ECB's words (monetary-sector based policy intensions) are not an important determinant of its actions.
Cultured Leptomeningeal Cells Secrete Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins

Abstract: To extrapolate the function of the leptomeninges, we examined the profile of the proteins secreted from the cultured leptomeningeal cells prepared from 1–2‐day‐old rats. In sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the medium conditioned with the cultured cells, 20–25 differentially distinctive protein bands were noted. Through several chromatographic procedures (Sephadex G‐75, Mono Q, and 7C8‐300), altogether 18 proteins were purified to homogeneity, and the partial amino acid sequence of each protein was determined. Homology search revealed that the major proteins included prostaglandin‐d‐synthase or β‐trace protein, insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐II, IGF‐binding protein‐2, apolipoprotein E, β2‐microglobulin, cystatin C, transferrin, peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase or cyclophilin C, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, ubiquitin, lysozyme C, extracellular superoxide dismutase, and collagen α‐1 (III). Most of these proteins are known to be the major brain‐derived protein constituents of CSF and are thought to play important roles in certain biological events in the brain. Considering the morphological features, the present findings suggest the importance of the leptomeninges as an origin of such proteins in CSF.
Inattention and Hyperactivity Dimensions of ADHD Are Associated with Different Personality Profiles

Background: Previous studies have suggested that individuals with ADHD have high scores in novelty seeking and harm avoidance. However, it is not known whether personality is associated with specific subtypes and dimensions of the disorder. The aim of this study is to test for associations between scores in the temperament and character inventory of C.R. Cloninger with adult ADHD subtypes and severity. Sampling and Methods: The diagnostic interviews of 296 adult ADHD patients followed the DSM-IV criteria. ADHD dimensions were evaluated with the SNAP-IV scores, and personality dimensions were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory. Results: The combined subtype (n = 168) was associated with higher scores in novelty seeking (p < 0.001) and lower scores in cooperativeness (p = 0.006) than the inattentive subtype (n = 128). Higher inattention scores were associated with decreased self-directedness (p < 0.001) and increased harm avoidance (p = 0.02), whereas higher hyperactivity/impulsivity scores correlated positively with novelty seeking (p < 0.001) and persistence (p = 0.03). Conclusions: These findings suggest that personality dimensions are strongly correlated with ADHD subtypes and severity dimensions, pointing to the need for studies evaluating the mechanisms behind this association.
The Effect of Education of Pregnant Women in Childbirth Education Classes Based on the Philosophy of Lamaze on Perception and Orientation of Birth Process

Amac: Arastirma, Lamaze felsefesine dayali doguma hazirlik egitiminin dogum algisi ve doguma uyum surecine etkisini degerlendirmek amaci ile deneysel ve prospektif olarak planlanmistir. Materyal Metod: Istanbul'da bir hastanede Eylul 2010-Haziran 2011 tarihleri arasinda yapilmistir. Iki asamali olarak yurutulen arastirmanin birinci asamasi ciftlerin egitimi, ikinci asama ise dogum surecinin baslamasiyla birlikte dogum sonuna kadar gebeye bakim ve destek verilmesini kapsamaktadir. Gebeler egitime esleri veya dogumda kendilerine destek olacak kisi ile katilmistir. Siniflar en az dort en fazla yedi ciftten olusmustur. Egitim suresi dort hafta olup, toplam 14 saat egitim verilmistir. Toplam 105 cift calisma grubuna alinmistir. Normal dogum yapip, dogumlarinda destek verilen 35 gebe calisma grubunu, orneklem kriterlerine uyan 35 gebe de kontrol grubunu olusturmustur. Kontrol grubu standart bakim almistir. Sonuc: 56 gebe normal dogum, 49 gebe sezaryenle dogum yapmistir. Lamaze felesefesine dayali doguma hazirlik sinifina katilan ve dogumlarinda destek verilen deney grubu gebelerin doguma uyum sureclerinin daha iyi, olumlu dogum algisinin daha yuksek oldugu (p<0.001) belirlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dogum algisi, dogumda destek, Lamaze doguma hazirlik sinifi.
Sudden deafness in vestibular schwannoma

Abstract Twelve per cent of a series of 284 patients with vestibular schwannoma presented with sudden deafness. If sudden sensorineural hearing loss is present then it is very likely to be the main presenting symptom. The mean length of patients' history is eight months shorter in this group than in the non-sudden deafness group. Sixteen per cent of vestibular schwannoma patients without sudden deafness present with a 'dead' ear whereas 29.5 per cent of those presenting with sudden deafness have total hearing loss. There was no significant difference between the sudden deafness group and the 'all others' group with regard to tumour size, udiogram shape, caloric test, imbalance, and facial numbness. Although the numbers of patients with sudden deafness in this series were too small to reach significance, on the basis of the clinical correlation of vestibular schwannoma morphology it is possible to postulate that compression of the vasculature within the bony internal auditory canal by a laterally arising tumour may be the aetiological factor and may be more likely to occur than in more medially arising tumours.
Exercise performance over the menstrual cycle in temperate and hot, humid conditions.

PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of the menstrual cycle on prolonged exercise performance both in temperate (20°C, 45% relative humidity) and hot, humid (32°C, 60% relative humidity) conditions. METHODS For each environmental condition, 12 recreationally active females were tested during the early follicular (day 3-6) and midluteal (day 19-25) phases, verified by measurement of estradiol and progesterone. For all four tests, thermoregulatory, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses were measured during 60 min of exercise at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption followed by an incremental test to exhaustion. RESULTS No differences in exercise performance between menstrual cycle phases were found during temperate conditions (n = 8) despite a higher resting and submaximal exercise core temperature (Tc) in the luteal phase. In hot, humid conditions (n = 8), however, prolonged exercise performance, as exercise time to fatigue, was significantly reduced during the luteal phase. This finding was not only accompanied by higher resting and submaximal exercise Tc but also a higher rate of increase in Tc during the luteal phase. Furthermore, submaximal exercise HR, minute ventilation, and RPE measures were higher during the luteal phase in hot, humid conditions. No significant differences were found over the menstrual cycle in heat loss responses (partitional calorimetry, sweat rate, upper arm sweat composition) and Tc at exhaustion. CONCLUSION In temperate conditions, no changes in prolonged exercise performance were found over the menstrual cycle, whereas in hot, humid conditions, performance was decreased during the luteal phase. The combination of both exercise and heat stress with the elevated luteal phase Tc at the onset of exercise resulted in physiological and perceptual changes and a greater thermosensitivity, which may explain the decrease in performance.
A Complete Dielectric Response Model for Liquid Water: A Solution of the Bethe Ridge Problem

Abstract Emfietzoglou, D. , Cucinotta, F. A. and Nikjoo, H. A Complete Dielectric Response Model for Liquid Water: A Solution of the Bethe Ridge Problem. Radiat. Res. 164, 202–211 (2005). We present a complete yet computationally simple model for the dielectric response function of liquid water over the energy-momentum plane, which, in contrast to earlier models, is consistent with the recent inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy data at both zero and finite momentum transfer values. The model follows Ritchie's extended-Drude algorithm and is particularly effective at the region of the Bethe ridge, substantially improving previous models. The present development allows for a more accurate simulation of the inelastic scattering and energy deposition process of low-energy electrons in liquid water and other biomaterials. As an example, we calculate the stopping power of liquid water for electrons over the 0.1–10 keV range where direct experimental measurements are still impractical and the Bethe stopping formula is inaccurate. The new stopping power values are up to 30–40% lower than previous calculations. Within the range of validity of the first Born approximation, the new values are accurate to within the experimental uncertainties (a few percent). At the low end, the introduction of Born corrections raises the uncertainty to perhaps ∼10%. Thus the present model helps extend the ICRU electron stopping power database for liquid water down to about two orders of magnitude with a comparable level of uncertainty.
Retrovirus in salivary glands from patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

AIMS: To investigate the possibility of an immune response to retroviral antigens or of detecting retrovirus in Sjögren's syndrome. METHODS: Retroviruses were sought in labial salivary glands and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Sjögren's syndrome by immunoblotting assay, immunohistochemical assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase (RT) activity assay, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Sera from five of 15 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (33%) reacted against p24 group specific antigen (gag) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Labial salivary gland biopsy specimens from seven of the 15 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (47%) contained an epithelial cytoplasmic protein reactive with a monoclonal antibody to p24 of HIV. PCR was performed to detect HIV and human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) genes from salivary gland tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Mn2+ dependent, Mg2+ independent RT activity was detected in the salivary gland tissues in three of 10 patients. A-type-like retroviral particles were observed in epithelial cells of salivary glands by transmission electron microscopy. Target genes for HIV and HTLV-I were not found in any of the salivary gland tissues or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Sjögren's syndrome patients. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest the presence of an unknown retrovirus similar to HIV in the salivary gland which might be involved in the pathogenesis of a subpopulation in Sjögren's syndrome.