Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The participation of people with dementia in the planning of their care and support: An integrative literature review

Background People with dementia continue to voice concerns that health professionals are reluctant to engage with them about the planning of their care and support. Instead, their perspective is that such plans are often made by others and fail to reflect their wishes. Objective This review aimed to examine investigations of the participation of people living with dementia in the planning of their care and support, when they have also provided study data. Methods An integrative literature review was conducted to identify, critique, and synthesise relevant research findings. Eight electronic databases were searched to identify peer reviewed journal articles that met inclusion criteria. In addition, reference lists of included articles were searched, and a subject expert was consulted about any possible omissions. Results From the 346 articles accessed, seven met inclusion criteria for review. The quality appraisal showed that one article reported only pilot data; several more reported small sample sizes; and, in two instances, there was a lack of information about the psychometric properties of data collection tools and about recruitment and attrition rates. Conclusions There has been limited investigation of the participation of people with dementia in the planning of their support when they have also contributed research data. Findings provide some evidence of their participation by attending education programme, setting goals in cognitive rehabilitation therapy and contributing to advance care planning.
The effects of cognitive-focused interventions on cognition and psychological well-being in persons with multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment affects more than half of persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), and it is associated with difficulties in multiple aspects of daily functioning. There is a growing body of literature that has explored the use of cognitive-focused interventions in PwMS, which aim to improve cognition-related function through drill and practice exercises, training in compensatory strategies, or a combination of the two. The current study aimed to expand upon previously published meta-analyses in this area, exploring the effects of cognitive-focused interventions on objective and subjective functioning in PwMS, as well as determining demographic and treatment-related factors that may influence intervention efficacy. Thirty-three studies, with a total of 1890 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Outcome measures were categorised based on the domain they presumably assessed. For objective cognitive functioning, weighted effect-size analysis revealed small effects of cognitive-focused interventions on working memory (g = 0.31) and visual learning (g = 0.32). Small mean effect sizes were also noted on self-reported anxiety (g = −0.30) and depression (g = −0.23). Cognitive-focused interventions did not produce changes in subjective cognitive functioning. Moderating variables and clinical applications are also discussed.
Promoting additional activity in youth soccer: a half-longitudinal study on the influence of autonomy-supportive coaching and basic psychological need satisfaction

ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationships between perceptions of coach autonomy support, basic psychological need satisfaction and the frequency at which youth soccer players engage in additional soccer activity outside of team sessions. We employed structural equation modelling to test a two-wave (T1 and T2) half-longitudinal study to see if basic psychological need satisfaction mediated the relationship between coach autonomy support and additional soccer activity across a competitive season. The sample consisted of 527 youth soccer players, aged 10–15 years. Results revealed moderate to strong temporal stability for autonomy, competence, relatedness and frequency of additional soccer activity. Furthermore, no support is offered for mediation as T1 coach autonomy support was not related to any of the three basic needs at T2 when accounting for their T1 levels. However, a positive relationship between T1 autonomy and T2 additional soccer activity emerged. This suggests that those who experience high levels of autonomy in the team setting at the start of the season report an increased frequency of additional activity at the end of the season. Results are discussed in light of the Self-Determination Theory and the Trans-Contextual Model.
Associations between Work Activity and Work Setting Categories and Dimensions of Pharmacists’ Quality of Work Life

The goal for this study was to use data from the most recently conducted National Pharmacist Workforce Survey to compare eight components of quality of work life for actively practicing pharmacists in the United States categorized by (1) work activity and (2) work setting. The eight components of quality of work life were: (1) time stress; (2) responsibility stress; (3) level of control; (4) work in harmony with home life; (5) home life in harmony with work; (6) job satisfaction; (7) professional commitment; and (8) organizational commitment. Data for this study were obtained from the 2014 National Pharmacist Workforce Survey. For inclusion in analysis, respondents needed to report that they were practicing as a pharmacist. In addition, they needed to provide usable responses for both their percent time devoted to medication providing and to patient care services. This resulted in a total of 1191 responses for the analysis. Data were analyzed using cluster analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach coefficient alpha, chi-square analysis, ANOVA, and linear regression. The findings provide a description of pharmacists’ quality of work life in 2014 and show how type of work, variety of work, and work setting categories are associated with quality of work life for pharmacists.
The Psychology of Case-Based Reasoning: How Information Produced from Case-Matching Methods Facilitates the Use of Statistically Generated Information

Case‐based reasoning (CBR) research has compared CBR output to other decision support methods such as statistics. This study differs by evaluating the effect of CBR as an input to judgment. We develop psychological theory concerning the use of CBR and its attenuation of biases that impair the use of statistical advice. Study 1 finds participants shown CBR cases made judgments closer to regression advice than do participants shown only regression advice. Study 2 finds that regression and CBR were used to corroborate each other. Participants used central tendency and dispersion information from CBR cases when this information was apparent in the cases. However, such use was not always normative. Results support including multiple decision aiding features in decision support systems (DSS).
Possible antagonistic effects of the TRPC4 channel blocker ML204 on M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in mouse ileal and detrusor smooth muscles and atrial myocardium

ML204, a potent transient receptor potential canonical 4 (TRPC4) channel blocker, is often used to elucidate the involvement of TRPC4 channels in receptor-operated signaling processes in visceral smooth muscles. In the present study, we investigated the possible antagonistic actions of ML204 on M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors, which mediate contractions in mouse ileal and detrusor smooth muscles. In ileal and detrusor smooth muscle preparations, ML204 (3 or 10 µM) significantly inhibited electrical field stimulation (EFS)-evoked cholinergic contractions. However, it did not significantly inhibit high K+-induced and EFS-evoked non-cholinergic contractions in the ileal preparations. When the muscarinic agonist, carbachol was cumulatively applied, ML204 (1, 3 and 10 µM) caused a rightward parallel shift of the concentration-response curves of carbachol. Additionally, ML204 (1, 3 and 10 µM) inhibited carbachol-induced negative chronotropic response in atrial preparations, which is mediated by M2 muscarinic receptors. Furthermore, ML204 significantly inhibited the contractions evoked by carbachol-induced intracellular Ca2+ release, which is mediated by M3 muscarinic receptors. These results suggested that ML204 might exhibit antagonistic actions on M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors; in addition, the inhibitory effects of ML204 against EFS-induced cholinergic contractions might be attributed to this receptor antagonism rather than inhibition of TRPC4 channel activity. Therefore, these effects should be considered when ML204 is used as a TRPC4 channel blocker.
Effect of Increased Blood Flow Rate on Hemodialysis Tolerability and Achieved Urea Reduction Ratio

Long‐term hemodialysis (HD) imposes a significant burden on the quality of life of end‐stage kidney disease patients. Optimizing dialysis dose is an important consideration in this population; however, evidence exists that suggests that attainment of population dialysis targets is associated with increased intradialytic complications. In this prospective, before‐after study, the blood flow rate (BFR) of 63 maintenance HD patients was increased by 100 mL/min to a maximum BFR of 400 mL/min to determine the impact on patient tolerability and urea reduction ratio (URR) of an increased BFR. Tolerability was assessed by time to recovery (TTR) after dialysis, a validated measure of patient tolerability, and intradialytic complications. Median pre‐increase BFR was 252 mL/min compared to 349 mL/min post‐increase. Mean TTR decreased from 4.67 h to 4.03 h (P = 0.688). No association was observed between percentage change in BFR (R2 = 0.0) or post‐increase BFR (R2 = 0.0) and absolute change in TTR. A significant, positive association was observed between both the absolute and relative changes to BFR and the achieved URR. We found no evidence that increasing BFR by 100 mL/min diminishes patient tolerability.
Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and Initial In Vivo Evaluation of Heterobivalent Peptidic Ligands Targeting Both NPY(Y1)- and GRP-Receptors—An Improvement for Breast Cancer Imaging?

Heterobivalent peptidic ligands (HBPLs), designed to address two different receptors independently, are highly promising tumor imaging agents. For example, breast cancer has been shown to concomitantly and complementarily overexpress the neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 1 (NPY(Y1)R) as well as the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). Thus, radiolabeled HBPLs being able to bind these two receptors should exhibit an improved tumor targeting efficiency compared to monospecific ligands. We developed here such bispecific HBPLs and radiolabeled them with 68Ga, achieving high radiochemical yields, purities, and molar activities. We evaluated the HBPLs and their monospecific reference peptides in vitro regarding stability and uptake into different breast cancer cell lines and found that the 68Ga-HBPLs were efficiently taken up via the GRPR. We also performed in vivo PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in T-47D tumor-bearing mice for the most promising 68Ga-HBPL and compared the results to those obtained for its scrambled analogs. The tumors could easily be visualized by the newly developed 68Ga-HBPL and considerably higher tumor uptakes and tumor-to-background ratios were obtained compared to the scrambled analogs in and ex vivo. These results demonstrate the general feasibility of the approach to use bispecific radioligands for in vivo imaging of breast cancer.
The Diachronic Spanish Sonnet Corpus (DISCO): TEI and Linked Open Data Encoding, Data Distribution and Metrical Findings

How has the sonnet form in Spanish evolved over the centuries? What is the distribution of metrical patterns and combinations thereof, considering diachronic, geographical, and social factors? What rhyme schemes are favoured in different periods and regions? How is enjambment distributed within the sonnet? Providing quantitative answers to such questions requires a corpus spanning several centuries, annotated for the relevant literary features and containing author metadata. The absence of appropriate digital resources to undertake a macroanalytic study of the evolution of the sonnet in Spanish led us to create the Diachronic Spanish Sonnet Corpus. This article presents how the corpus was designed for providing quantitative evidence on the evolution of sonnets in Spanish, and our findings regarding metrics and enjambment. The corpus contains 4,085 sonnets by 1,204 Spanish and Latin American authors (15th to 19th centuries), encoded in TEI, with RDFa attributes. The corpus aims at breadth, including many peripheral authors besides some major ones. Author metadata were encoded (dates, origin, gender). Scansion and enjambment were annotated automatically, with the ADSO and ANJA tools. The range of authors and periods, the use of TEI and RDFa for interoperability, and the combination of metrical and enjambment annotations goes beyond previously available digital resources. The corpus allowed us to examine the evolution of metrical patterns and their combinations after the Golden Age, complementing earlier studies. We also observed an increase in enjambment across the tercets in the 19th century, which may indicate increased variety in the discourse organization of sonnets in the period.
The fronto‐insular cortex causally mediates the default‐mode and central‐executive networks to contribute to individual cognitive performance in healthy elderly

The triple network model that consists of the default‐mode network (DMN), central‐executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN) has been suggested as a powerful paradigm for investigation of network mechanisms underlying various cognitive functions and brain disorders. A crucial hypothesis in this model is that the fronto‐insular cortex (FIC) in the SN plays centrally in mediating interactions between the networks. Using a machine learning approach based on independent component analysis and Bayesian network (BN), this study characterizes the directed connectivity architecture of the triple network and examines the role of FIC in connectivity of the model. Data‐driven exploration shows that the FIC initiates influential connections to all other regions to globally control the functional dynamics of the triple network. Moreover, stronger BN connectivity between the FIC and regions of the DMN and the CEN, as well as the increased outflow connections from the FIC are found to predict individual performance in memory and executive tasks. In addition, the posterior cingulate cortex in the DMN was also confirmed as an inflow hub that integrates information converging from other areas. Collectively, the results highlight the central role of FIC in mediating the activity of large‐scale networks, which is crucial for individual cognitive function.
Mitochondrial genomes of the South American frogs Eupsophus vertebralis and E. emiliopugini (Neobatrachia: Alsodidae) and their phylogenetic relationships

We report the sequencing and compare the mitochondrial genomes of the South American ground frogs Eupsophus vertebralis and E. emiliopugini and reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among Eupsophus species. These genomes consist of 16,156 and 16,711 bp in length, respectively and contain 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), and partial non-coding D-loop region. Both genomes share 94.5% identity with 879 variable sites. A phylogenetic analysis with other available mitogenomes recovered both species as the sister clade of Alsodes gargola. Sequences from D-loop, CO1, and Cyt b, amplified and sequenced with primers developed from the mitochondrial genomes, allowed us to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among Eupsophus species. Since our report represents the first mitogenomes for the genus Eupsophus, we expect these data will be valuable for further studies on conservation genetics and on the evolution of Patagonian amphibians.
Using DEMATEL To Explore The Relationship Of Factors Affecting Consumers' Behaviors In Buying Green Products

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze factors influencing consumers’ behaviors in buying green products by applying Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Nine criteria i.e. perception on environmental concerns (A), safety and health concerns (B), green packaging (C), convenience to buy (D), environmental attitude (E), subjective norms (F), green product management (G), environmental laws (H) and perceived value (I) were employed from the previous study by Atthirawong and Panprung (2017). In this study, six experts were involved in order to determine the degree of direct influence between two factors through a pairwise comparison. The results revealed that the top three important criteria affecting consumers in buying green products are environmental attitude (E), safety and health concerns (B) and green product management (G), respectively. Furthermore, a cause and effect relation diagram was also constructed to gain a better understanding of the interactive relationship between those criteria. It was found that subjective norm (F) has the most influence on other factors, whereas perception on environmental concerns (A) gets the most impact from other factors. Finally, this paper provides some practical suggestions for relevant agencies and policy makers based on the analysis.
Diffusion and perfusion MR patterns of central nervous system lymphomas.

BACKGROUND Central nervous system lymphomas (CNSLs) are rare tumors which may show variable appearance in standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depending on their origin (primary or secondary) or patients' immunological status. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to analyze imaging patterns of different CNSLs, using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Our material consisted of 16 CNSLs (14 primary, 2 secondary, 13 immunocompetent, 3 immunodeficient) which underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examinations including DWI and T2* dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion (without a preload in 13 cases, with a preload in 3 subjects). In DWI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and in PWI, parameters of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative peak height (rPH) and relative percentage of signal recovery (rPSR) were analyzed within the entire tumor (mean values) and in regions with minimal diffusion (ADCmin) and maximal perfusion values (rCBVmax, rPHmax, rPSRmax). RESULTS All CNSLs showed low values of ADCmean (0.70 × 10-3), ADCmin (0.54 × 10-3), rCBVmean (0.80), rCBVmax (1.27), rPHmean (1.05), rPHmax (1.59), as well as high values of rPSRmean (1.99) and rPSRmax (2.41). There were no significant differences in rCBVmax, as well as in all ADC, rPH and rPSR values between primary and secondary CNSLs or between tumors in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients. Dynamic susceptibility contrast PWI with a preload resulted in significantly higher rCBV, rPH and lower rPSR values. CONCLUSIONS Despite various MR appearances, both primary and secondary CNSLs in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients show very typical patterns of restricted diffusion and hypoperfusion with signal intensity curves returning above the baseline. Dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion without a preload is recommended.
Accuracy of trained rural ophthalmologists versus non-medical image graders in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy in rural China

Background/aims To determine the diagnostic accuracy of trained rural ophthalmologists and non-medical image graders in the assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rural China. Methods Consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus were examined from January 2014 to December 2015 at 10 county-level facilities in rural Southern China. Trained rural ophthalmologists performed a complete eye examination, recording diagnoses using the UK National Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (NDESP) classification system. Two field, mydriatic, 45° digital photographs were made by nurses using NDESP protocols and graded by trained graders with no medical background using the NDESP system. A fellowship-trained retina specialist graded all images in masked fashion and served as reference standard. Results Altogether, 375 participants (mean age 60±10 years, 48% men) were examined and 1277 images were graded. Grader sensitivity (0.82–0.94 (median 0.88)) and specificity (0.91–0.99 (median 0.98)), reached or exceeded NDESP standards (sensitivity 80%, specificity 95%) in all domains except specificity detecting any DR. Rural ophthalmologists’ sensitivity was 0.65–0.95 (median 0.66) and specificity 0.59–0.95 (median 0.91). There was strong agreement between graders and the reference standard (kappa=0.84–0.87, p<0.001) and weak to moderate agreement between rural doctors and the reference (kappa=0.48–0.64, p<0.001). Conclusion This is the first study of diagnostic accuracy in DR grading among non-medical graders or ophthalmologists in low-income and middle-income countries. Non-medical graders can achieve high levels of accuracy, whereas accuracy of trained rural ophthalmologists is not optimal.
Propensity‐score‐matched comparative analyses of simultaneously administered fixed‐ratio insulin glargine 100 U and lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) vs sequential administration of insulin glargine and lixisenatide in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes

To conduct two exploratory analyses to compare indirectly the efficacy and safety of simultaneous administration of insulin glargine 100 U (iGlar) and the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) lixisenatide (Lixi) as a single‐pen, titratable, fixed‐ratio combination (iGlarLixi [LixiLan trials]) vs sequential administration of iGlar + Lixi (GetGoal Duo trials) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Probabilistic Modeling of Financial Uncertainties

Since the global financial crash, one of the main trends in the financial engineering discipline has been to enhance the efficiency and flexibility of financial probabilistic risk assessments. Creditors could immensely benefit from such improvements in analysis hoping to minimise potential monetary losses. Analysis of real world financial scenarios require modeling of multiple uncertain quantities with a view to present more accurate, near future probabilistic predictions. Such predictions are essential for an informed decision making. In this paper, we extend Bayesian Networks Pair-Copula Construction (BN-PCC) further using the minimum information vine model which results in a more flexible and efficient approach in modeling multivariate dependencies of heavy-tailed distribution and tail dependence as observed in the financial data. We demonstrate that the extended model based on minimum information Pair-Copula Construction (PCC) can approximate any non-Gaussian BN to any degree of approximation. Our proposed method has been applied to the portfolio data derived from a Brazilian case study. The results show that the fitting of the multivariate distribution approximated using the proposed model has been improved compared to other previously published approaches.