Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of rifabutin-based triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori infected patients after two standard treatments.

Background and Aim: Even with the current most effective treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection, a considerable number of patients will be resistant to eradication. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the H. pylori eradication rate in patients resistant to standard therapies when treated with a triple therapy of pantoprazole, rifabutin and amoxicillin. Methods: Ninety-two consecutive patients diagnosed with H. pylori infection resistant to two previous treatment regimens were treated with pantoprazole, rifabutin and amoxicillin for 10 days. The persistence or eradication of H. pylori was determined by a 13C-urea breath test performed 4 weeks after the treatment. Results: Per protocol eradication was achieved in 62.2% of patients and the intention-to-treat eradication was 60.8%. Only two patients were excluded for adverse events related to the treatment. Conclusions: The eradication rate is acceptable as a third-line therapy, particularly in centers with high cure rate for first line therapy. Another important value of this study is the good tolerance for the treatment observed in our patients. It is possible that rifabutin-based triple therapy may be of use in hospital centers that do not have disposable culture and susceptibility methods against H. pylori.
Drug abuse resistance education program effectiveness

Presents information on the Drug abuse resistance education (DARE) program, a set of 17 lessons on drug resistance given by police officers to sixth grade children. Measures attitudes toward drug use and degree of reported use. Indicates that DARE is successful in providing information but that the levels of reported behavior do not show significant improvement in self‐reported drug use compared to two control groups. Urges caution in expanding the program, since positive results are limited at present.
Six months of daily treatment with vardenafil improves parameters of endothelial inflammation and of hypogonadism in male patients with type 2 diabetes and erectile dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial.

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a reduction of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) improve NO levels. The aim of the study was to investigate whether long-term, chronic treatment with the PDE5i vardenafil improves systemic endothelial function in diabetic men. DESIGN A prospective, investigator-initiated, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial was conducted. METHODS In total, 54 male patients affected by T2DM, diagnosed within the last 5 years, and erectile dysfunction were enrolled, regardless of testosterone levels. In all, 26 and 28 patients were assigned to verum and placebo groups respectively. The study consisted of an enrollment phase, a treatment phase (24 weeks) (vardenafil/placebo 10 mg twice in a day) and a follow-up phase (24 weeks). Parameters evaluated were as follows: International Index of Erectile Function 15 (IIEF-15), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), serum interleukin 6 (IL6), endothelin 1 (ET-1), gonadotropins and testosterone (measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry). RESULTS IIEF-15 erectile function improved during the treatment (P<0.001). At the end of the treatment both FMD (P=0.040) and IL6 (P=0.019) significantly improved. FMD correlated with serum testosterone levels (R(2)=0.299; P<0.001). Testosterone increased significantly under vardenafil treatment and returned in the eugonadal range only in hypogonadal men (n=13), without changes in gonadotropins. Chronic vardenafil treatment did not result in relevant side effects. CONCLUSION This is the first double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the effects of chronic treatment of vardenafil on endothelial health-related parameters and sexual hormones in patients affected by a chronic disease. Chronically administered vardenafil is effective and improves endothelial parameters in T2DM patient. Moreover, chronic vardenafil therapy improves hypogonadism in diabetic, hypogonadal men.
Residual Neuromuscular Block: Lessons Unlearned. Part I Definitions, Incidence, and Adverse Physiologic Effects of Residual Neuromuscular Block

In this review, we summarize the clinical implications of residual neuromuscular block. Data suggest that residual neuromuscular block is a common complication in the postanesthesia care unit, with approximately 40% of patients exhibiting a train-of-four ratio <0.9. Volunteer studies have demonstrated that small degrees of residual paralysis (train-of-four ratios 0.7–0.9) are associated with impaired pharyngeal function and increased risk of aspiration, weakness of upper airway muscles and airway obstruction, attenuation of the hypoxic ventilatory response (approximately 30%), and unpleasant symptoms of muscle weakness. Clinical studies have also identified adverse postoperative events associated with intraoperative neuromuscular management. Large databased investigations have identified intraoperative use of muscle relaxants and residual neuromuscular block as important risk factors in anesthetic-related morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, observational and randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that incomplete neuromuscular recovery during the early postoperative period may result in acute respiratory events (hypoxemia and airway obstruction), unpleasant symptoms of muscle weakness, longer postanesthesia care unit stays, delays in tracheal extubation, and an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These recent data suggest that residual neuromuscular block is an important patient safety issue and that neuromuscular management affects postoperative outcomes.
Is the Musculocutaneous Nerve Really in the Coracobrachialis Muscle When Performing an Axillary Block? An Ultrasound Study

BACKGROUND: In reference textbooks describing axillary block, the ulnar, radial, and median nerves are located in a common sheath surrounding the axillary artery. In contrast, the musculocutaneous nerve is described as lying outside this sheath in the coracobrachialis muscle. In a recent case report of ultrasound-guided axillary block, the musculocutaneous nerve was joined to the median nerve outside this muscle. Our study evaluated the prevalence of atypical musculocutaneous nerve localizations during axillary block. METHODS: All patients undergoing ultrasound-guided axillary block were included from December 2006 to December 2008. Before needle insertion, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, and radial nerves were localized using ultrasound. Nerve stimulation confirmed atypical nerve localization. After injection of local anesthetics, musculocutaneous and median nerve anatomical relationships were observed. RESULTS: The musculocutaneous nerve was outside the coracobrachialis muscle in 83 of the 387 analyzed blocks (22%). It was near the axillary artery in 22 cases (6%). The musculocutaneous and median nerves appeared as a common neural structure in 61 cases (16%). After local anesthetic injection, a common trunk persisted in 16 of 61 cases (26%), musculocutaneous and median nerves separated in 37 cases (61%), and 2 roots of the median nerve appeared (with or without a separated musculocutaneous nerve) in 6 cases (10%). Two cases (3%) remained undefined. Ulnar nerve location of the 83 patients with atypical musculocutaneous nerve position differed from the ones with a classical musculocutaneous nerve localization. CONCLUSIONS: During axillary block, the musculocutaneous nerve is outside the coracobrachialis muscle in 1 of 5 patients. This atypical location should be considered during performance of axillary blockade to avoid repeated IM puncture.
The Structure of Commutative Residuated Lattices

A commutative residuated lattice, is an ordered algebraic structure , where (L, ·, e) is a commutative monoid, (L, ∧, ∨) is a lattice, and the operation → satisfies the equivalences for a, b, c ∊ L. The class of all commutative residuated lattices, denoted by , is a finitely based variety of algebras. Historically speaking, our study draws primary inspiration from the work of M. Ward and R. P. Dilworth appearing in a series of important papers [9, 10, 19–22]. In the ensuing decades special examples of commutative, residuated lattices have received considerable attention, but we believe that this is the first time that a comprehensive theory on the structure of residuated lattices has been presented from the viewpoint of universal algebra. In particular, we show that is an "ideal variety" in the sense that its congruences correspond to order-convex subalgebras. As a consequence of the general theory, we present an equational basis for the subvariety generated by all commutative, residuated chains. We conclude the paper by proving that the congruence lattice of each member of is an algebraic, distributive lattice whose meet-prime elements form a root-system (dual tree). This result, together with the main results in [12, 18], will be used in a future publication to analyze the structure of finite members of . A comprehensive study of, not necessarily commutative, residuated lattices is presented in [4].
Biological basis for orthodontic relapse

Abstract The rapid-to-slow relapse, occurring during the period of remodeling of periodontal structures must be distinguished from late changes occurring during the postretention period. Generally, these continuing changes cannot be distinguished from normal aging processes that occur regardless of whether a person has been treated orthodontically or not. Patients must be aware that retention is designed to maintain the occlusion during remodeling of the periodontal tissues, and furthermore during the aging of the occlusion, ie, the transitional changes in growth, dentoalveolar development and muscular adaptation. Retention is a continuation of orthodontic treatment. Before the initiation of treatment, the patient must be well informed and motivated to cooperate during this posttreatment stage to avoid possible relapse.
Bacterial vaginosis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Methods. In an attempt to investigate an association between the finding of clue cells in Papanicolaou‐stained (PAP) smears and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a total of 6I50 smears from 1976 were re‐investigated.
Definable Sets in a hyperbolic Group

We give a description of definable sets $P=(p_1,., p_m)$ in a free non-abelian group $F$ and in a torsion-free non-elementary hyperbolic group $G$ that follows from our work on the Tarski problems. This answers Malcev's question for $F$. As a corollary we show that proper non-cyclic subgroups of $F$ and $G$ are not definable and prove Bestvina and Feighn's result that definable subsets $P=(p)$ in a free group are either negligible or co-negligible in their terminology.
Head and Neck Position for Direct Laryngoscopy

The sniffing position (SP) has traditionally been considered the optimal head position for direct laryngoscopy (DL). Its superiority over other head positions, however, has been questioned during the last decade. We reviewed the scarce literature on the subject to examine the evidence either in favor or against the routine use of the SP. A standard definition for the position should be used (e.g., 35° neck flexion and 15° head extension) to avoid confusion about what constitutes a proper SP and to compare the results from different studies. Although several theories were proposed to explain the superiority of the SP, the three axes alignment theory is still considered a valid anatomical explanation. Although head elevation is needed to achieve the desired neck flexion, the elevation height may vary from one patient to another depending on head and neck anatomy and size of the chest. In infants and small children, for example, no head elevation is needed because the size and shape of the head allow axes approximation in the head-flat position. Horizontal alignment of the external auditory meatus with the sternum, in both obese and non-obese patients, indicates, and can be used as a marker for, proper positioning. Analysis of the available literature supports the use of the SP for DL. To achieve a proper SP in obese patients, the “ramped” (or the back-up) position should be used. The SP does not guarantee adequate exposure in all patients, because many other anatomical factors control the final degree of visualization. However, it should be the starting head position for DL because it provides the best chance at adequate exposure. Attention to details during positioning and avoidance of minor technical errors are essential to achieve the proper position. DL should be a dynamic procedure and position adjustment should be instituted in case poor visualization is encountered in the SP.
Quadratic normalization in monoids

In the general context of presentations of monoids, we study normalisation pro- cesses that are determined by their restriction to length-two words. Garside's greedy normal forms and quadratic convergent rewriting systems, in particular those associated with the plactic monoids, are typical examples. Having introduced a parameter, called the class and measuring the complexity of the normalisation of length-three words, we analyse the normal- isation of longer words and describe a number of possible behaviours. We fully axiomatise normalisations of class (4,3), show the convergence of the associated rewriting systems, and characterise those deriving from a Garside family.
Depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder in chronic pain

Depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder are frequently seen in patients with chronic pain. Depression and anxiety are common in substance use disorder. It may be difficult to determine when the conditions are a primary problem or secondary to the treatment of the pain itself. A variety of pharmacologic interventions are reviewed. Antidepressants with a dual-mechanism action (serotonin and norepinephrine) tend to be most effective. Various psychological treatments may be indicated, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, couples therapy, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Anxiety models such as phobic avoidance of pain or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder may be relevant in understanding the patient with pain. A variety of pharmacologic approaches may address anxiety in patients with chronic pain. Various psychological interventions to address the anxiety are also discussed, including biofeedback training and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing.
Growth and existence of identities in a Class of Finitely Presented Inverse Semigroups with Zero

We prove that a finitely presented Rees quotient of a free inverse semigroup has polynomial or exponential growth, and that the type of growth is algorithmically recognizable. We prove that such a semigroup has polynomial growth if and only if it satisfies a certain semigroup identity. However we give an example of such a semigroup which has exponential growth and satisfies some nontrivial identity in signature with involution.
ANÁLISIS DE LA ESTABILIDAD ORTOSTÁTICA CRÁNEOCERVICAL EN ADULTOS JÓVENES MAPUCHES

En la funcion del sistema craneomandibular se reconoce como un factor importante la postura de la cabeza sobre la columna cervical. La estabilidad ortostatica del craneo sobre la columna cervical permite un correcto funcionamiento de este sistema. En un estudio anatomorradiologico de casos, se evaluo la estabilidad ortostatica craneocervical de 45 adultos jovenes de sexo masculino del grupo etnico mapuche. El analisis se realizo a traves de telerradiografias, utilizando el cefalograma de Rocabado para evaluar la posicion del triangulo hioideo, el angulo posteroinferior y el espacio C0-C1. La curvatura cervical se evaluo con la tecnica de Penning. En el analisis del angulo posteroinferior, la media fue de 91.2 ± 7.4 mm, encontrandose bajo el rango normal, en la distancia C0-C1 la media fue de 9.5 ± 3.4 mm, levemente superior al rango normal. En el triangulo hioideo, en 27casos (60,0%) se observo este parametro normal. La medicion de la curvatura de la columna cervical arrojo un porcentaje de alteracion de 80,0% y solo el 20% restante fue normal. Se encontro que el angulo posteroinferior no es necesariamente una medida complementaria con el espacio CO-C1 para determinar la posicion del craneo sobre la columna cervical. Existen diferencias morfologicas importantes en los valores promedios de las variables estudiadas, comparado con los parametros normales del cefalograma descrito por Rocabado y con los valores promedios de individuos no mapuche. Nuestros resultados son complementarios con estudios realizados por otros investigadores que han senalado diferencias morfologicas de la etnia mapuche
Clones containing Mal'tsev Operations

It is shown that the number of clones on a k element set that contain a Mal'tsev operation and all k constants is finite iff k≤3. This answers a part of a question of Ralph McKenzie and Ivo Rosenberg from [8], who asked if, on a finite set, the number of clones containing a Mal'tsev operation can be infinite.
Noninvasive Autoregulation Monitoring in a Swine Model of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest

BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular autoregulation after resuscitation has not been well studied in an experimental model of pediatric cardiac arrest. Furthermore, developing noninvasive methods of monitoring autoregulation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) would be clinically useful in guiding neuroprotective hemodynamic management after pediatric cardiac arrest. We tested the hypotheses that the lower limit of autoregulation (LLA) would shift to a higher arterial blood pressure between 1 and 2 days of recovery after cardiac arrest and that the LLA would be detected by NIRS-derived indices of autoregulation in a swine model of pediatric cardiac arrest. We also tested the hypothesis that autoregulation with hypertension would be impaired after cardiac arrest. METHODS: Data on LLA were obtained from neonatal piglets that had undergone hypoxic–asphyxic cardiac arrest and recovery for 1 day (n = 8) or 2 days (n = 8), or that had undergone sham surgery with 2 days of recovery (n = 8). Autoregulation with hypertension was examined in a separate cohort of piglets that underwent hypoxic–asphyxic cardiac arrest (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 5) with 2 days of recovery. After the recovery period, piglets were reanesthetized, and autoregulation was monitored by standard laser-Doppler flowmetry and autoregulation indices derived from NIRS (the cerebral oximetry [COx] and hemoglobin volume [HVx] indices). The LLA was determined by decreasing blood pressure through inflation of a balloon catheter in the inferior vena cava. Autoregulation during hypertension was evaluated by inflation of an aortic balloon catheter. RESULTS: The LLAs were similar between sham-operated piglets and piglets that recovered for 1 or 2 days after arrest. The NIRS-derived indices accurately detected the LLA determined by laser-Doppler flowmetry. The area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic curve for cerebral oximetry index was 0.91 at 1 day and 0.92 at 2 days after arrest. The area under the curve for hemoglobin volume index was 0.92 and 0.89 at the respective time points. During induced hypertension, the static rate of autoregulation, defined as the percentage change in cerebrovascular resistance divided by the percentage change in cerebral perfusion pressure, was not different between postarrest and sham-operated piglets. At 2 days recovery from arrest, piglets exhibited neurobehavioral deficits and histologic neuronal injury. CONCLUSIONS: In a swine model of pediatric hypoxic–asphyxic cardiac arrest with confirmed brain damage, the LLA did not differ 1 and 2 days after resuscitation. The NIRS-derived indices accurately detected the LLA in comparison with laser-Doppler flow measurements at those time points. Autoregulation remained functional during hypertension.
Aromatherapy as Treatment for Postoperative Nausea: A Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND:Postoperative nausea (PON) is a common complication of anesthesia and surgery. Antiemetic medication for higher-risk patients may reduce but does not reliably prevent PON. We examined aromatherapy as a treatment for patients experiencing PON after ambulatory surgery. Our primary hypothesis was that in comparison with inhaling a placebo, PON will be reduced significantly by aromatherapy with (1) essential oil of ginger, (2) a blend of essential oils of ginger, spearmint, peppermint, and cardamom, or (3) isopropyl alcohol. Our secondary hypothesis was that the effectiveness of aromatherapy will depend upon the agent used. METHODS:A randomized trial of aromatherapy with patients who reported nausea in the postanesthesia care unit was conducted at one ambulatory surgical center. Eligibility criteria were adult, able to give consent, and no history of coagulation problems or allergy to the aromatherapy agents. Before surgery, demographic and risk factors were collected. Patients with a nausea level of 1 to 3 on a verbal descriptive scale (0–3) received a gauze pad saturated with a randomly chosen aromatherapy agent and were told to inhale deeply 3 times; nausea (0–3) was then measured again in 5 minutes. Prophylactic and postnausea antiemetics were given as ordered by physicians or as requested by the patient. RESULTS:A total of 1151 subjects were screened for inclusion; 303 subjects reporting nausea were enrolled (26.3%), and 301 meeting protocol were analyzed (26.2%). The change in nausea level was significant for the blend (P < 0.001) and ginger (P = 0.002) versus saline but not for alcohol (P < 0.76). The number of antiemetic medications requested after aromatherapy was also significantly reduced with ginger or blend aromatherapy versus saline (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION:The hypothesis that aromatherapy would be effective as a treatment for PON was supported. On the basis of our results, future research further evaluating aromatherapy is warranted. Aromatherapy is promising as an inexpensive, noninvasive treatment for PON that can be administered and controlled by patients as needed.