Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Varieties of social experience: The religious cultural context of diverse spiritual exemplars

From cultural developmental and relational developmental systems perspectives, the current study employed an exemplar research design along with qualitative content analysis to gain deeper understanding of how adolescents perceived the social influences on their religious and spiritual development (RSD) among religiously and culturally diverse youth. The sample included interviews of 28 highly spiritual youth aged 12-21 years (M = 17.73 years) from six countries and eight different religious traditions. Analysis revealed that 96% of participants reported multiple relational influences on their RSD and that these persons impacted their religiousness and spirituality through various processes such as teaching and encouragement. Portions of the narrative are presented to reveal how the meaning and influence of these interactions are informed by cultural and religious tradition. The narratives testify to the multifaceted nature of spiritual development and how it is embedded within religious, social, and cultural contexts. Statement of contribution Already known Existing research suggests that adolescent relationships are critical in shaping the religious and spiritual attitudes and practices that youth demonstrate (for reviews, see King & Boyatzis, 2015, Social and Emotional Issues; Mahoney, 2010, Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 805; Roehlkepartain et al., 2006, The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence). Parents and peers are significant in shaping adolescents' involvement and beliefs in a religious system (i.e., Denton, 2012, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 5, 42; Desrosiers et al., 2011, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 3, 39; French et al., 2011, Journal of Youth Adolescence, 40, 1623). Other studies have noted the importance of faith communities, mentors, or religious educators (see Schwartz et al., 2006, The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence; Vaidyanathan, 2011, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50, 366). However, how these relationships exert influence, on what types of youth, and in what circumstances or cultures is not clear. Current contribution Findings demonstrate that a variety of typical individuals influence spiritual development among highly spiritual youth. Although these influential individuals might fall into common categories (e.g., family, friends, pastors, teachers), their influences are experienced through various processes such as role modeling, teaching, and offering support. These influences take on different meaning in different religious and cultural contexts.
Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

The association between cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been controversial. To synthesize the available data, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of all prospective studies. A total of 36 studies were included in our meta‐analysis. We examined the association between smoking and CRC, colon cancer and rectal cancer in terms of incidence and mortality. Separate analyses were conducted for smoking status, daily cigarette consumption, duration, pack‐years and age of initiation. Relative to nonsmokers, current and former smokers had a significantly increased risk of CRC incidence and mortality, respectively. When CRC data were combined with colon/rectal cancer data, current smokers had a significantly increased risk of CRC incidence. All 4 dose–response variables examined—daily cigarette consumption (RR = 1.38 for an increase of 40 cigarettes/day), duration (RR = 1.20 for an increase of 40 years of duration), pack‐years (RR = 1.51 for an increase of 60 pack‐years) and age of initiation (RR = 0.96 for a delay of 10 years in smoking initiation)—were significantly associated with CRC incidence (all p‐values < 0.0001). The relationship between duration of smoking and rectal cancer incidence was also significant. Among the subset of studies that distinguished cancer by site, a higher risk was seen for rectal cancer than for colon cancer for all analyses. Among prospective studies, a consistent association exists between smoking and CRC. The association is stronger for rectal cancer than for colon cancer in the subset of studies that differentiated cancer by site. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiviral efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in an unselected cohort of HIV-infected children.

OBJECTIVES To obtain data on the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in children in clinical practice. METHODS HIV-1-infected children received efavirenz capsules or tablets in accordance with manufacturer's dosing recommendations. Plasma was collected at regular visits and analysed by HPLC. The therapeutic range of efavirenz was defined as 1.0-4.0 mg/L. RESULTS Thirty-three children were included. Median (range) age, body weight, dose and dose/kg were 8.2 (2.1-16.7) years, 24 (12-62) kg, 300 (200-800) mg and 13.3 (9.7-22.5) mg/kg, respectively. Median (range) efavirenz plasma concentration at first sampling was 2.8 (0.13-11.6) mg/L. Plasma concentrations were not dependent on age (P = 0.97) or dose/kg (P = 0.87). A total of 307 efavirenz plasma concentrations were determined. Forty-five samples (14.7%) contained >4.0 mg/L, and 27 samples (8.8%) contained <1.0 mg/L. Eight children (24%) reported persistent adverse events probably caused by efavirenz [concentration problems (5), sleep disorder (1), psychotic reaction (1) and seizure (1)]; six discontinued efavirenz for this reason. A non-significant trend existed towards a higher proportion of toxic efavirenz plasma concentrations (>4.0 mg/L) in subjects who reported efavirenz adverse events: 25.9% versus 12.8% (P = 0.23; t-test). Viral load was <50 copies/mL in all 27 subjects who continued efavirenz, despite occasional subtherapeutic efavirenz plasma concentrations in 12 children. The occasional subtherapeutic levels suggest that temporal non-adherence was present. CONCLUSIONS Efavirenz as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy was highly effective in children able to tolerate the drug. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) as part of toxicity management may prevent discontinuation in a subset of patients. Temporal non-adherence occurs frequently. TDM may allow initiation of adherence interventions before viral load becomes detectable.
Cell cycle mechanisms of sister chromatid separation; Roles of Cut1/separin and Cut2/securin

The correct transmission of chromosomes from mother to daughter cells is fundamental for genetic inheritance. Separation and segregation of sister chromatids in growing cells occurs in the cell cycle stage called ‘anaphase’. The basic process of sister chromatid separation is similar in all eukaryotes: many gene products required are conserved. In this review, the roles of two proteins essential for the onset of anaphase in fission yeast, Cut2/securin and Cut1/separin, are discussed with regard to cell cycle regulation, and compared with the postulated roles of homologous proteins in other organisms. Securin, like mitotic cyclins, is the target of the anaphase promoting complex (APC)/cyclosome and is polyubiquitinated before destruction in a manner dependent upon the destruction sequence. The anaphase never occurs properly in the absence of securin destruction. In human cells, securin is an oncogene. Separin is a large protein (MW ≈180 kDa), the C‐terminus of which is conserved, and is thought to be inhibited by association with securin at the nonconserved N‐terminus. In the budding yeast, Esp1/separin is thought to be a component of proteolysis against Scc1, an essential subunit of cohesin which is thought to link duplicated sister chromatids up to the anaphase. Whether fission yeast Cut1/separin is also implicated in proteolysis of cohesin is discussed.
ANALISIS KEMISKINAN ANAK BALITA PADA RUMAH TANGGADI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT(ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN POVERTY IN HOUSEHOLDS IN WEST SUMATERA)

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors that influence children poverty in West Sumatera Province based on household and parents characteristics. To address this issue, the 2013 National Socioeconomic Survey was derived from the Indonesian Statistics Agency and analyzed using logistic regression. Research results showed factors that significantly affected the probability of children fall into absolute poverty are low education level of parents, mother and head of household’s employment status, location of residences in villages, and having more than one child. Policies on poverty alleviation have been implemented by the government. However, a more comprehensive effort particularly for family with children under-five needs to be taken into account.
How quality influences in agility, flexibility, responsiveness and resilience in Supply Chain Management

This paper aims to present the quality and its direct influence on important characteristics that dominate the Design of the Supply Network, demonstrating the main aspects involved and the strategy developed to achieve a better performance. The study is based on a literature review and the main objective of this systematic review of the literature was to identify and classify all previous studies that examined some aspect of network analysis in the context of the supply chain since so far. It provides a detailed description of the most of the subject and contributes with a set of findings that capture the current state of art of the topic. Quality in the supply chain is a new subject and little studied, but it is observed that its influence is present in all sectors of the economy. The classification of Supply Chains has been highlighted as a flow of materials and information that go from suppliers to final customers in the best possible way. With the development of a management that addresses the Supply Chain in a relevant way, the organization can achieve benefits that put it in a competitive position in the market.
The Compression of Morbidity Hypothesis: A Review of Research and Prospects for the Future

Cross‐national evidence for the validity of the compression of morbidity hypothesis originally proposed by Fries is generally accepted. Generational improvements in education and the increased availability of adaptive technologies and even medical treatments that enhance quality of life have facilitated continued independence of older persons in the industrialized world. Whether this trend continues may depend upon the effect of the obesity epidemic on the next generation of older people.
The Role of Electoral Incentives for Policy Innovation: Evidence from the U.S. Welfare Reform

How do governors’ reelection motives affect policy experimentation? We develop a theoretical model of this situation, and then test the predictions in data on US state-level welfare reforms from 1978 to 2007. This period marked the most dramatic shift in social policy since the New Deal. Our findings indicate that governors with strong electoral support are less likely to experiment than governors with little support. Yet, governors who cannot be reelected actually experiment more than governors striving for reelection. These findings are robust to controlling for ideology, preferences for redistribution, the state legislature, and cross-state learning. (JEL D72, H75, I32, I38)
Methylphenidate‐induced activation of the anterior cingulate but not the striatum: A [15O]H2O PET study in healthy volunteers

The dopaminergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. (Dys)function of the dopaminergic system may be studied by combining [15O]H2O PET with a dopaminergic drug challenge. In this pilot study we investigated the suitability of the dopamine reuptake blocker methylphenidate (MP) as a dopaminergic probe. Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were made at 10 and 30 min after placebo and MP (0.25 mg/kg) injection to seven healthy volunteers. During scanning the behavioral condition of the subjects was standardized using a continuous performance task. Growth hormone levels were assessed and subjective ratings were obtained. MP significantly elevated growth hormone levels. After receiving MP, the subjective experience varied from neutral to highly pleasurable. Ten minutes after MP administration, significant relative increases in rCBF were found in the rostral anterior cingulate (AC), temporal poles, and the supplementary motor area. Significant reductions were seen in the superior temporal gyri, right medial frontal gyrus, and right inferior parietal cortex. At 30 min after MP administration, increases were seen in the AC, temporal pole, and right cerebellum. No changes were observed in the striatum. The activation in the right rostral AC was significantly higher in the subjects with the highest euphoria scores compared to the subjects with minimal MP‐induced changes in euphoria. We suggest that the combined MP challenge with functional imaging, as described in our study, may be a useful tool to study the functional integrity of the dopaminergic system in psychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of Anaphylactic IgG1 Antibody Production by IL-4 and IL-10

Background: Different cytokines have been implicated in the regulation of isotype expression in primary and secondary antibody responses. The aim of this study was to assess the regulation of anaphylactic IgG1 and IgE antibodies by IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ at different time points of the antibody response against PI, an immunosuppressive fraction of Ascaris suum extract, and ovalbumin (OVA). Methods: Wild-type or cytokine-deficient C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice were immunized with PI or OVA in different adjuvants. Twenty days later, they were boosted with the respective antigen. IgG1 and IgE antibodies produced during primary and secondary responses were measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Results: PI induced low levels of anaphylactic IgG1 antibodies in the primary response and moderate levels after the antigenic booster, which were IL-4-dependent. In the absence of IL-10 and IFN-γ, PI-specific IgG1 and IgE enhanced significantly, indicating that these cytokines downregulated antibody production in primary and secondary responses. The IgG1 response to OVA in aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund’s adjuvant was IL-4-dependent in the beginning of the primary response. Later on, it became only partially regulated by IL-4 in C57BL/6 mice and IL-4-independent in Th2-prone BALB/c mice. In contrast, IgE antibodies depended exclusively upon IL-4 during the entire time course. Conclusions:These results indicate, first, that the IL-4 dependency of anaphylactic IgG1 antibody production, mainly in the secondary response, varies among mouse strains, and, second, that the nature of the antigen determines whether IL-10 and IFN-γ limit the potential to make large amounts of anaphylactic IgG1 and IgE.
A survey of zeb1, twist and claudin 1 and 4 expression during placental development and disease

We investigated zeb1, twist and claudins 1 and 4 in normal and diseased placental tissues. Eighty cases of placental tissues from all three trimesters and from different diseases were studied immunohistochemically to determine the expression of zeb1, twist and claudins 1 and 4. Zeb1 was more strongly expressed in endothelial and mesenchymal cells of the villous structures during the last two trimesters, suggesting that it plays a role in the development of placental blood vessels. In contrast, twist was more strongly expressed in the trophoblastic cells during these trimesters. The endothelial and stromal expression of zeb1 and the epithelial expression of twist were disturbed in those placentas with chromosomal aberrations. Claudin 4 was strongly expressed in trophoblastic cells during all trimesters. Its expression was especially strong in molar disease, suggesting that it could participate in trophoblastic aggregation and disturbed attachment of trophoblastic cells in the expanded villi. Claudin 4 expression was also increased in the placentas of diabetic mothers and in toxaemia. Claudin 1 did not show any specific disease associations. The study implicates that twist and zeb1 are involved in placental maturation, whereas claudin 4 appears to be connected with placental diseases such as diabetes, toxaemia or molar disease.
Alpha thalassaemia is associated with increased soluble transferrin receptor levels

Although α+ thalassaemia is the commonest haemoglobinopathy in the world, it is not known if it is associated with significant ineffective erythropoiesis, a fact of importance in interpreting its complex interaction with malaria. To study this problem, we have measured the concentrations of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and ferritin in 181 children from Vanuatu with heterozygous (68) and homozygous (46) α+ thalassaemia, and normal controls (67). sTfR concentrations were significantly higher in both homozygotes (mean 3.1 mg/l, range 2.8–3.4) and heterozygotes (2.86 mg/l, 2.6–3.2) compared to the normal controls (2.48 mg/l, 2.3–2.7), suggesting that although globin chain imbalance is minimal, there is ineffective erythropoiesis in both these conditions. Age was also shown to significantly affect sTfR, with peak levels occurring in the 5–9 years age group. Ferritin concentrations showed a similar trend, being higher in the thalassaemic groups, although this did not reach statistical significance. No individuals had low ferritin concentrations, although two had significantly elevated sTfR levels. These observations suggest that the α+ thalassaemia phenotype includes an expansion of the erythron, and may suggest possible mechanisms for the increased susceptibility in babies with α thalassaemia to both P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria.
Lack of correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and autologous serum skin test in chronic idiopathic urticaria

Background There are controversial reports about the direct role of Helicobacterpylori infection in chronic idiopathic urticaria. The indirect role of H. pylori infection in the induction of pathogenetic antibodies is not fully elucidated either. This study aims to reveal the association of H. pylori infection with autologous serum skin test positivity in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) patients.
F-Actin Mediated Focusing of Vesicles at the Cell Tip Is Essential for Polarized Growth1[OPEN]

Quantitative analysis and modeling of vesicle diffusion shows that polarized cell growth rates are sustained by actin-based vesicle clustering at the tip. F-actin has been shown to be essential for tip growth in an array of plant models, including Physcomitrella patens. One hypothesis is that diffusion can transport secretory vesicles, while actin plays a regulatory role during secretion. Alternatively, it is possible that actin-based transport is necessary to overcome vesicle transport limitations to sustain secretion. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of diffusion, secretion kinetics, and cell geometry is necessary to clarify the role of actin in polarized growth. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis, we first show that secretory vesicles move toward and accumulate at the tip in an actin-dependent manner. We then depolymerized F-actin to decouple vesicle diffusion from actin-mediated transport and measured the diffusion coefficient and concentration of vesicles. Using these values, we constructed a theoretical diffusion-based model for growth, demonstrating that with fast-enough vesicle fusion kinetics, diffusion could support normal cell growth rates. We further refined our model to explore how experimentally extrapolated vesicle fusion kinetics and the size of the secretion zone limit diffusion-based growth. This model predicts that diffusion-mediated growth is dependent on the size of the region of exocytosis at the tip and that diffusion-based growth would be significantly slower than normal cell growth. To further explore the size of the secretion zone, we used a cell wall degradation enzyme cocktail and determined that the secretion zone is smaller than 6 μm in diameter at the tip. Taken together, our results highlight the requirement for active transport in polarized growth and provide important insight into vesicle secretion during tip growth.
Factors Influencing Nurses' Acceptance of Hospital Information Systems in Iran: Application of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

User acceptance is a precondition for successful implementation of hospital information systems (HISs). Increasing investment in information technology by healthcare organisations internationally has made user acceptance an important issue in technology implementation and management. Despite the increased focus on hospital information systems, there continues to be user resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting hospital information systems nurse-user acceptance of HISs, based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), in the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals. A descriptive-analytical research design was employed to study nurses' adoption and use of HISs. Data collection was undertaken using a cross-sectional survey of nurses (n=303). The research model was examined using the LISREL path confirmatory modeling. The results demonstrated that the nurses' behavioural intention (BI) to use hospital information systems was predicted by Performance Expectancy (PE) (β= 2.34, p<0.01), Effort Expectancy (EE) (β= 2.21, p<0.01), Social Influence (SI) (β= 2.63, p<0.01) and Facilitating Conditions (FC) (β= 2.84, p<0.01). The effects of these antecedents of BI explained 72.8% of the variance in nurses' intention to use hospital information systems (R2 = 0.728). Application of the research model suggested that nurses' acceptance of HISs was influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions, with performance expectancy having the strongest effect on user intention.
Surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism.

OBJECTIVE To review the surgical treatment options for primary hyperparathyroidism with a focus on recent refinements in minimally invasive techniques and endoscopic and video- or robot-assisted parathyroidectomy. METHODS We review the relevant surgical treatment options for primary hyperparathyroidism. RESULTS Parathyroidectomy is the standard therapy for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Advancements in imaging, including technetium Tc 99m-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography and ultrasonography, have improved preoperative localization, while intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement provides a rapid test to confirm operative success. These adjuncts have enabled surgeons to perform an operation that is both safe and minimally invasive. CONCLUSIONS The minimally invasive approach to parathyroidectomy provides comparable cure rates to conventional bilateral neck exploration with reduced operative time and improved cosmetic results. The durability, safety, and success of these procedures make them valuable options in the current and future care of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.