Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resuscitative EChocardiography for the Evaluation and management of Shock: The RECES protocol

Purpose: Ultrasound use by emergency medicine and critical care physicians in the evaluation of the critically ill patient has increased in recent years. Several protocols exist to aid in diagnosing the etiology of shock and identifying rapidly reversible conditions in the undifferentiated hypotension patient. Currently, no protocol provides hemodynamic data or is designed to guide ongoing resuscitation of the critically ill patient with hypotension. Methods: An evidence-based protocol was developed based on the components of echocardiography that have been supported in the literature for bedside evaluation of the critically ill patient. Results: The RECES protocol provides diagnostic and hemodynamic information regarding volume responsiveness , presence of pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology (right ventricular diastolic collapse), systolic failure (poor contractility, decreased stroke volume and cardiac output), diastolic dysfunction (mitral valve inflow velocities and tissue Doppler), Right ventricular systolic failure, acute valvular rupture, obvious wall motion abnormalities, and signs of pressure or volume overload (septal flattening on parasternal short axis). Conclusion: The RECES protocol is a proposed instrument for rapidly and repeatedly assessing the etiology and initial hemodynamic parameters of the patient in shock. Additionally, repeated exams will allow monitoring interventions and guide ongoing resuscitation.
Insecticide susceptibility and resistance in populations of Anopheles gambiae, Culex fatigans and Aedes aegypti in southern Nigeria.

found by the seven observers as a whole in each of the three groups, and shows which differences are statistically significant at the 5% level. The signs that discriminated between the clinically normal group and the others were primary sector narrowing, distal sector narrowing, calibre variation and hypertensive retina (undefined). This confirms the clinical experience that the fundus of hypertensives does often differ in some way from that of non-hypertensives, but, although the observers were of the opinion that this had " something to do with diminished vasculature ", it was not possible to define it further to their satisfaction. It is concluded that signs such as arteriole narrowing, calibre variation and AV crossing phenomena, although carefully defined, were observed with poor precision and with much difference between observers whether they were observed ophthalmoscopically or from black and white photographs or from colour diapositives. Observations on the presence or absence of undefined " hypertensive retina " were made with the same precision and interobserver variation as the more carefully defined signs from colour diapositives. While the difference of opinion on the presence or absence of these signs excluded their use in many types of population study, there was evidence that certain of these signs-namely, primary sector narrowing, distal sector narrowing, calibre variation and hypertensive retina-were observed more frequently in hypertensives than in non-hypertensives. It seemed to the writers that there was some factor that they could not define, probably connected with diminished vasculature, that was related to hypertension. More accurate and less biased ways of assessing this factor are required and these would probably have to be less conventional than those so far attempted. Some work in this direction has been carried out and will be reported later.
A biochemical and functional characterization of diet‐induced brain insulin resistance

While considerable research has examined diminished insulin responses within peripheral tissues, comparatively little has been done to examine the effects of this metabolic disruption upon the CNS. The present study employed biochemical and electrophysiological assays of acutely prepared brain slices to determine whether neural insulin resistance is a component of the metabolic syndrome observed within the fructose‐fed (FF) hamster. The tyrosine phosphorylation levels of the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) in response to insulin were significantly reduced within FF hamsters. Also, insulin‐mediated phosphorylation of both residues necessary for activation of the serine‐threonine kinase Akt/PKB, a key effector of insulin signaling, was markedly decreased. Elevated levels of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which dephosphorylates the IR and IRS‐1, were also observed within the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of FF hamsters. Examination of whether a nutritionally induced compromise of neural insulin signaling altered synaptic function revealed a significant attenuation of insulin‐induced long‐term depression, but no effect upon either paired‐pulse facilitation or electrically induced long‐term potentiation. Collectively, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that nutritionally induced insulin resistance significantly affects the neural insulin signaling pathway, and suggest that brain insulin resistance may contribute to cognitive impairment.
Increased collagen degradation around loosened total hip replacement implants.

OBJECTIVE To assess collagen degradation and its relationship to some of the key collagenolytic proteinases in the aggressive synovial membrane-like interface tissue around aseptically loosened hip replacement implants. METHODS The medical indication for the primary total hip replacement was osteoarthritis in all study patients. Samples from the study patients were compared with control synovial membranes obtained from trauma (hip fracture) patients. Proteoglycans were extracted with 4M guanidinium chloride. Denatured collagen in the remaining matrix was solubilized with alpha-chymotrypsin. Nonsoluble matrix and supernatant fractions were acid hydrolyzed before measurement of hydroxyproline. The proportion of soluble (in vivo-degraded) collagen of the total sample collagen content was calculated. Proteinases were stained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. RESULTS Collagen in the interface membrane from the implants was highly degraded (mean +/- SEM 20 +/- 3%) compared with that in the control synovial membranes (12 +/- 1%; P = 0.007). In controls, the degree of collagen degradation did not correlate with levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-13, or cathepsin K, although MMP-1 approached statistical significance. In interface membranes, the correlations were r = 0.88 (P = 0.002), r = 0.92 (P = 0.001), and r = 0.98 (P < 0.0001) for MMP-1, MMP-13, and cathepsin K, respectively. CONCLUSION In normal synovial membrane, collagen matrix remodeling may be mainly an intracellular process. In contrast, pathologic tissue destruction in the interface membrane from prosthetic hip joints is associated with a shift toward MMP-13 and cathepsin K, which become activated and overcome their endogenous inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and cystatin C). The highly significant correlation between collagen degradation and cathepsin K indicates an extracellular role of this acidic endoproteinase, consistent with previous observations concerning the acidity of the interface membrane.
Therapeutic effects of deferoxamine and silymarin versus deferoxamine alone in Î²-thalassemia major based on findings of liver MRI

1 Associate Professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2 Resident,, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ,Isfahan, Iran. 3 Professor, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 4 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 5 Professor, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 6 Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Dermatologist, Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
The bacterial component of soybean root nodules; changes in respiratory activity, cell dry weight and nucleic acid content with increasing nodule age.

During the 6- to 7-week active life of soybean root nodules produced by a single strain of Rhizobium japonicum, the respiratory activity of the bacteria isolated from the nodules changed according to a definite pattern: a depression occurred 2 weeks after nodules first appeared, followed by a rise, and with a further sharp rise 1 week before nodule breakdown. The initial depression coincided with the onset of the bacteroid condition and the beginning of nitrogen fixation. The limits within which respiration varied depended on host-plant growth. The nitrogen-fixation rate remained constant from 2-3 weeks after nodule appearance until a few days before nodule decay began. The bacteroids isolated from the nodule did not oxidize substrates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle to completion, but the number of mole O2 consumed/mole substrate did not change during nodule life, and were similar to values obtained for cultures of the free living bacteria. Changes in bacteroid dry weight and nucleic acid content were observed; these were within the limits of dry weight and nucleic acid content of the same bacterial strain grown in liquid culture. The ratio acid soluble nucleotides: nucleic acid for bacteroids was between 0·12 and 0·13 during nitrogen fixation; these values are characteristic of bacteria of the same strain from the mid-logarithmic phase of growth in culture in spite of the fact that bacteroids are non-proliferating cells.
Technology-Based Service Encounters Using Self-Service Technologies in the Healthcare Industry

Although there have been studies discussing the influence of technology-based services on the overall service efficiency and quality of organizations in various industries, very little effort has been devoted to investigating this issue in the healthcare industry. Hospital image is considered to be a crucial factor influencing patients' choice of hospitals, but few studies specifically examine its association with technology-based services. By consulting the model of the European Customer Satisfaction Index, a research model for evaluating the impact of the use of technology-based services on hospital image, patient satisfaction, and patient loyalty in the healthcare industry is developed and examined in this study using survey data collected from 738 patients at two medical centers with an online appointment system. The research results confirm the importance of providing quality, technology-based services in enhancing hospital image, patient satisfaction, and patient loyalty. The implications of this research and suggestions for future work are also discussed.
Computing Changesets for RDF Views of Relational Data

The Linked Data (LD) initiative fostered the publication of a large number of relational databases in the Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud. A general and flexible way of publishing relational data in RDF format is to create an RDF view of the underlying relational data (RDB-RDF view). An RDB-RDF view can be materialized to improve query performance and data availability. However, an RDB-RDF view must be continuously maintained to reflect dynamic updates over the relational database. The contents of an RDB-RDF view, published on the LOD cloud, can also be fully or partially replicated by other LD applications to improve their efficiency. Thus, updates on an RDB-RDF view must be propagated to maintain other LD application views. This paper proposes a framework for the live synchronization of an RDB-RDF view. In the proposed framework, rules are responsible for computing and publishing the changeset required for the RDB-RDF view to stay synchronized with the relational database. The computed changesets are then used for the incremental maintenance of the RDB_RDF views as well as application views. The paper also describes a strategy for automatically generating, based on a set of mappings, the rules for computing the correct changesets for an RDB-RDF view. Finally, it suggests an architecture and describes an implementation and experiments to validate the proposed approach.
An IE-ODDM with higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions

In this paper, an IE-ODDM with higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions is proposed for solving the scattering from an electrically large PEC object. Because higher-order basis functions are employed, the sizes of the meshes can be selected larger. Thence, even though the area of each subdomain is relatively larger, the number of unknowns involved in the subdomain is relatively smaller compared with the case where RWG basis functions are employed. Therefore, compared with the original IE-ODDM, our IE-ODDM requires both lower memory requirement and less time spent of reaching convergence. Two numerical results are provided to verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.
A Low Energy-Noise 65nm CMOS Switched-Capacitor Resistive-Bridge Sensor Interface

A low energy-noise switched-capacitor (SC) sensor interface for resistive bridge sensor is presented. The SC amplifier achieves low-power metric with two operating modes using operation-phase-dependent biasing and compensation scheme in the op-amp design. This novel op-amp works in high-bandwidth high-power mode to sample the bridge signal for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$13\mu \text {s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> twice and in low-bandwidth low-power mode for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$474\mu \text {s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$500\mu \text {s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurement interval. To further reduce the power of the SC amplifier in system level, a SC level-shift design is adopted. Regarding offset calibration, a capacitor divider based trimming scheme is implemented to generate the mid-point DC output voltage under the constraint of the feedback capacitor size. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS, the SC interface together with the regulator, voltage reference and trimming circuit occupies an area of 0.358 mm<sup>2</sup>. For the first test setup utilizing Half Wheatstone Bridge, the proposed SC amplifier consumes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12.3\mu \text {W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 1 V regulated supply with a 2 kHz system clock. The measured Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of SC circuit is 55.6 dB. In the second test setup using a commercial sensor with 0.092 mV/kPa sensitivity, the interface has demonstrated the sensing function with sensitivity of 3.52 mV/kPa. Finally, compared to the representative prior-arts, this work has achieved the best energy-noise figure-of-merit at identical fractional resistance change.
Mortality Pattern of Hospitalized Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata

The causes of mortality are often poorly documented in developing countries. The Medical Records Department in a teaching hospital has a system of compilation and retention of records, yet the acquisition of meaningful statistics from these records for health care planning and review is lacking. Mortality data from hospitalized patients reflect the causes of major illnesses and care-seeking behaviour of the community as well as the standard of care being provided. Records of vital events like death constitute an important component of the Health Information System. Hospital-based death records provide information regarding the causes of deaths, case fatality rates, age and sex distribution, which are of great importance in planning health care services. A better understanding of childhood mortality could contribute to a more effective approach to saving these lives. A country needs sound epidemiological information to prioritize, plan and implement public health programmes. There is a paucity of information about direct causes of child mortality in developing countries. (1) This information also provides the basis for patient care and helps the administration in managing day-to-day hospital affairs. The present study was aimed at finding the causes of mortality of inpatients in the Paediatric Department admitted during 2005 and provides epidemiological information related to child mortality.
Prevalence of drug abuse among pregnant women

Objective: Determine the prevalence of drug abuse among pregnant women. Method: Cross-sectional study including 394 pregnant women who use the primary health care service. The dependent variable was the use of drugs during pregnancy and independent variables were: socioeconomic and obstetrics-related data. Results: The prevalence of drug abuse among pregnant women was 18.28%. Multivariate logistic regression indicates the following significant variables: years of education, participation in a pregnancy group and healthcare professional orientation as to the risk of using drugs during pregnancy. Conclusion: The results indicate the predominance of young mixed-race pregnant women, with low educational level, income of up to three minimum wages and who use drugs, the most common being cigarettes, followed by alcohol. Illegal drugs used were cocaine and its derivate, crack, as well as marihuana. Descritores Enfermagem de atenção primária; Enfermagem materno-infantil; Pesquisa em enfermagem clínica; Drogas ilícitas; Gestantes; Transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias; Complicações na gravidez
A robust cluster validity index for fuzzy c-means clustering

Fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (FCM) is one of the mostly used clustering algorithms. Although several cluster validity have been proposed to execute FCM as unsupervised clustering algorithm, the performance of FCM and its validity index is deeply influenced by the noises and outliers. To solve such problem, a robust cluster validity for FCM is proposed in this paper. The proposed index consists of two terms, i.e., compactness and separation measure. The compactness measure is determined by the fuzzy membership matrix and the cluster number, which indicates the compactness within a cluster. The separation measure is defined as the distance of the different fuzzy sets, which indicates the separability of different clusters. The proposed validity is compared with typical cluster validity indices on six data sets, including two real and four artificial data sets. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed index.
Relationships of loneliness and mobile phone dependence with Internet addiction in Japanese medical students

We investigated factors contributing to Internet addiction in 105 Japanese medical students. The subjects were administered by a self-reporting questionnaire designed to evaluate demographic factors, Internet addiction, loneliness, health-related lifestyle factors, depressive state, patterns of behavior, and mobile phone dependence. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that loneliness and mobile phone dependence were positively related to degree of addiction. Our findings suggest that Internet addiction is associated with loneliness and mobile phone dependence in Japanese students.
Activity Patterns of a Slow Synapse Network Predicted by Explicitly Averaging Spike Dynamics

When postsynaptic conductance varies slowly compared to the spike generation process, a straightforward averaging scheme can be used to reduce the system's complexity. Our model consists of a Hodgkin-Huxley-like membrane description for each cell; synaptic activation is described by first order kinetics, with slow rates, in which the equilibrium activation is a sigmoidal function of the presynaptic voltage. Our work concentrates on a two-cell network and it applies qualitatively to the activity patterns, including bistable behavior, recently observed in simple in vitro circuits with slow synapses (Kleinfeld et al. 1990). The fact that our averaged system is derived from a realistic biophysical model has important consequences. In particular, it can preserve certain hysteresis behavior near threshold that is not represented in a simple ad hoc sigmoidal input-output network. This behavior enables a coupled pair of cells, one excitatory and one inhibitory, to generate an alternating burst rhythm even though neither cell has fatiguing properties.
Regulation of female fertility by the endocannabinoid system

Summary The role of endocannabinoids in mammalian reproduction is an emerging concept. Cannabinoids have been always identified as being harmful drugs, because of their negative effects on female reproduction. The discovery of endocannabinoids, endogenous lipids that bind to cannabinoid receptors, and of their involvement in procreation permitted better understanding of the significance of cannabinoid/endocannabinoid signalling in fertilization, preimplantation embryo development, implantation and postimplantation embryonic growth. These studies have also opened new perspectives in clinical applications, pointing to endocannabinoid signalling as a new target for correcting infertility, and for improving reproductive health in humans. This review will present endocannabinoids, their target receptors and metabolic enzymes, and will discuss the involvement of these bioactive lipids in female mammalian reproduction.
The Mental Health of British Adults with Intellectual Impairments Living in General Households

BACKGROUND People with intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning may have poorer mental health than their peers. The present authors sought to (i) estimate the risk of poorer mental health among British adults with and without intellectual impairments and (ii) estimate the extent to which any between-group differences in mental health may reflect between-group differences in rates of exposure to common social determinants of poorer health. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present authors undertook secondary analysis of confidentialized unit records collected in Wave 3 of Understanding Society. RESULTS British adults with intellectual impairments living in general households are at significantly increased risk of potential mental health problems than their non-disabled peers (e.g. GHQ Caseness OR = 1.77, 95% CI (1.25-2.52), P < 0.001). Adjusting for between-group differences in age, gender and indicators of socio-economic position eliminated this increased risk [GHQ Caseness adjusted OR = 1.06, 95% CI (0.73-1.52), n.s]. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that the increased risk of poor mental health among people with intellectual impairments may be attributable to their poorer living conditions rather than their intellectual impairments per se. Greater attention should be given to understanding and addressing the impact of exposure to common social determinants of mental health among marginalized or vulnerable groups.
Affective biases in English are bi-dimensional

A long-standing observation about the interface between emotion and language is that positive words are used more frequently than negative ones, leading to the Pollyanna hypothesis which alleges a predominantly optimistic outlook in humans. This paper uses the largest available collection of affective ratings as well as insights from linguistics to revisit the Pollyanna hypothesis as it relates to two dimensions of emotion: valence (pleasantness) and arousal (intensity). We identified systematic patterns in the distribution of words over a bi-dimensional affective space, which (1) run counter to and supersede most prior accounts, and (2) differ drastically between word types (unique, distinct words in the lexicon) and word tokens (number of occurrences of available words in the lexicon). We argue for two factors that shape affect in language and society: a pro-social benevolent communication strategy with its emphasis on useful and dangerous phenomena, and the structure of human subjective perception of affect.