Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine on disease recurrence in men exposed to HPV Infection: a randomized study.

INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and is the cause of several different diseases in men and women. Although little is known about HPV infection in men, they are also in the risk group of HPV infection and play an important role in transmitting the virus to women. AIM To define the efficacy of the HPV vaccine through cross-immunization and its role in clearance of HPV infection, and to assess infection-associated factors in men. METHODS This prospective randomized clinical study enrolled 171 evaluable men with genital warts between June 2009 and October 2013. After the initial treatment intervention, 91 patients were randomly assigned to receive HPV vaccine in three doses. Eighty patients were in the control (unvaccinated) group. One hundred-eleven men were single and 60 men were married. Patients who had previous treatment for pre-existing warts and medical disorders that needed chronic treatment or immunosuppression were not included in the randomization. Also 29 men with follow-up less than 12 months and incomplete vaccination were not included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The patients were assessed regarding age, condom use, marital status, number of visible genital warts, and smoking status. Post-treatment follow-up was monthly up to 12th month. RESULTS Mean age was 34 ± 7.6. One hundred fifteen patients were smokers. For the recurrence of warts, age, smoking, vaccination status were insignificant and marital status was significant in the univariable analysis; only marital status preserved significance (HR: 2.0 CI:1.29-3.12 P = 0.002) in the multivariable analysis including vaccination status, marital status, and smoking. CONCLUSION Among the investigated factors vaccination status was not but marital status significantly influenced wart recurrence. Married men had more recurrences in our population. Larger multicenter randomized clinical trials are lacking and seriously required to investigate the therapeutic effect of current quadrivalent HPV vaccine in genital warts.
Patient assaults on professionals? Type II workplace violence: A known phenomenon in Barcelona nursing homes.

BACKGROUND Workplace violence is a real phenomenon at nursing homes. This article studied this phenomenon in Barcelona. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether type II workplace violence takes place in senior citizen residences in Barcelona. METHODS To conduct this exploratory, descriptive and transversal study, the ad hoc QViLab II Questionnaire (version 1) was administered to professionals at senior citizen residences in Barcelona. The sample system used was the randomly stratified conglomerate system, using the size of the residence as the stratum to ensure the representativeness of the sample. Sixty-seven professionals from residences in Barcelona participated in the study. RESULTS The results show that 61.2% (IC 95%: 58-65%) of the professionals believed that they have been assaulted by the residents they cared for in the previous year. With regard to the participant variables, we noticed a significant relationship between stress and the belief of having been assaulted. The professionals stated that male residents assaulted them more than females and that verbal aggression was the most common form of aggression from both males and females, followed by physical aggression. With regard to frequency, verbal demands were the kind most often expressed on a daily basis. CONCLUSIONS Professionals from nursing homes in Barcelona perceived workplace violence.
Antenatal Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Anomalies: Can We Predict Prognosis?

Our technical ability to diagnose fetal anomalies of the central nervous system by ultrasonography and by fetal magnetic resonance imaging far exceeds our current knowledge of their possible neurodevelopmental implications later in life. This limitation often makes obstetric and clinical decisions very difficult. We retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonographic records of 6220 women who had been followed up at two large medical centers between 1994 and 1999. One hundred and sixty (2.6%) women had abnormal fetal central nervous system findings. The neurodevelopmental outcome of these children was assessed by a telephone interview with the parents. Small cerebellar size was the most frequent anomaly, followed by isolated mild ventriculomegaly and isolated choroid plexus pathology. Suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcome was found in 24% of children with isolated ventriculomegaly and in 9% with choroid plexus pathology. In the group of children with a "small cerebellum," suboptimal neurodevelopment was found in 19%. The measurement of transcerebellar diameter in respect to its developmental implication is, to our knowledge, described here for the first time. We believe that cerebellar measurements and their possible neurocognitive implications should be an integral part of future studies. (J Child Neurol 2004;19:435-438).
A quality-on-demand algorithm for wavelet-based compression of electrocardiogram signals

For the compression of medical signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG), excellent reconstruction quality of a highly compressed signal can be obtained by using a wavelet-based approach. The most widely used objective quality criterion for the compressed ECG is called the percent of root-mean-square difference (PRD). In this paper, given a user-specified PRD, an algorithm is proposed to meet the PRD demand by searching for an appropriate bit rate in an automatic, smooth, and fast manner for the wavelet-based compression. The bit rate searching is modeled as a root-finding problem for a one-dimensional function, where an unknown rate-distortion curve represents the function and the desired rate is the root to be sought. A solution derived from root-finding methods in numerical analysis is proposed. The proposed solution is incorporated in a well-known wavelet-based coding strategy called set partitioning in hierarchical trees. ECG signals taken from the MIT/BIH database are tested, and excellent results in terms of convergence speed, quality variation, and coding performance are obtained.
The Pricing of Risk-Neutral Systematic Moments in the Cross-Section of Expected Returns

This study investigates if changes in risk-neutral systematic volatility, skewness, and kurtosis, are priced, either symmetrically or asymmetrically, as systematic risk factors in the cross-section of stock returns. The moments are constructed using options on the S&P 500, and represent investors' expectation of the distribution of future market returns. Portfolio analyses reveal positive changes in implied market skewness are priced between -5% to -11% annually, while negative changes in implied market skewness are not priced. Additionally, when accounting for an asymmetric relation between returns and implied market skewness, changes in implied market volatility and kurtosis are not priced. The results are robust to portfolio weighting, market capitalization, book-to-market equity ratio, idiosyncratic volatility, and idiosyncratic skewness. Time-series and cross-sectional analyses confirm the portfolio results and associate positive changes in implied market skewness with a negative price of risk. An implied market skewness tracking portfolio possesses a great deal of power to price a variety of portfolio returns, and subsumes other typical hedge portfolios used in asset pricing. The results present a challenge to the theoretical asset pricing models, since the asymmetric results cannot be accounted for in an ICAPM framework, and the pricing of only positive skewness changes is inconsistent with the predictions of prospect theory.
Molecular chaperoning by glucose‐regulated protein 170 in the extracellular milieu promotes macrophage‐mediated pathogen sensing and innate immunity

Recognition of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns by innate immune receptors is essential for host defense responses. Although extracellular stress proteins are considered as indicators of the stressful conditions (e.g., infection or cell injury), the exact roles of these molecules in the extracellular milieu remain less defined. We found that glucose‐regulated protein 170 (Grp170), the largest stress protein and molecular chaperone, is highly efficient in binding CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG‐ODN), the microbial DNA mimetic sensed by toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9). Extracellular Grp170 markedly potentiates the endocytosis and internalization of CpG‐ODN by mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages and directly interacts with endosomal TLR9 on cell entry. These molecular collaborations result in the synergistic activation of the MyD88‐dependent signaling and enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in mouse primary macrophages as well as human THP‐1 monocyte‐derived macrophages, suggesting that Grp170 released from injured cells facilitates the sensing of pathogen‐associated “danger” signals by intracellular receptors. This CpG‐ODN chaperone complex‐promoted innate immunity confers increased resistance in mice to infection of Listeria monocytogenes compared with CpG‐ODN treatment alone. Our studies reveal a previously unrecognized attribute of Grp170 as a superior DNA‐binding chaperone capable of amplifying TLR9 activation on pathogen recognition, which provides a conceptual advance in understanding the dynamics of ancient chaperoning functions inside and outside the cell. —Zuo, D. , Yu, X. , Guo, C. , Yi, H. , Chen, X. , Conrad, D. H. , Guo, T. L. , Chen, Z. , Fisher, P. B. , Subjeck, J. R. , Wang, X. ‐Y. Molecular chaperoning by glucose‐regulated protein 170 in the extracellular milieu promotes macrophage‐mediated pathogen sensing and innate immunity. FASEB J. 26, 1493‐1505 (2012). www.fasebj. org
INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL DUAL CREDIT ON STUDENT COLLEGE READINESS SELF-EFFICACY

The purpose of this correlational and descriptive study was to examine the influence of an agricultural dual credit course curriculum on student self-efficacy of college readiness as students matriculate to post-secondary education. To evaluate the personal characteristics, postsecondary plans, program perceptions and college readiness self-efficacy, a quantitative survey and online instrument was used to gather data and analyze information on high school students enrolled in agricultural education in both dual credit and non-dual credit courses primarily in the Middle Tennessee Region. The target population (N = 543) for this study was defined as students at 16 schools where the dual credit course was offered with the Middle Tennessee State University, School of Agribusiness and Agriscience in the 2011-2012 academic year. A total of 245 students from 16 secondary agricultural programs in seven different school districts across Tennessee, primarily in the Middle Tennessee region, participated in the study for a response rate of approximately 45%. This study examined college readiness of student participation in an agricultural dual credit course and sought to determine the relationship between student participation in a dual credit course offering and college readiness self-efficacy as well as student perceptions of the course offering. Course self-efficacy was higher among dual credit participants versus non-dual credit participants. Social self-efficacy was also higher for dual credit participants. Females had higher Course self-efficacy, and there was a positive relationship between GPA and each construct of the college readiness selfefficacy inventory. Participant perceptions of the agricultural dual credit program were
NON-ADOPTION OF INNOVATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS

The concern in rural development for "redistribution with growth" provided the rationale for an investigation of the non-adoption of innovations. Previous studies of farmers have emphasized lack of information and individual conservatism as possible reasons for the failure to adopt improved farm technology. However, evidence from a study of farmers in Karnataka, India, who had failed to adopt a new variety of high-yielding maize revealed that political economy considerations of access to resources were more important in discriminating the non-adopters from adopters.
Enhanced dopamine function in DISC1‐L100P mutant mice: implications for schizophrenia

Significant advances have been made in understanding the role of disrupted‐in‐schizophrenia‐1 (DISC1) in the brain and accumulating findings suggest the possible implication of DISC1 in the regulation of dopamine (DA) function. A mutation in the second exon of DISC1 at L100P leads to the development of schizophrenia‐related behavior in mutant mice (DISC1‐L100P). We investigated here the role of DA in the expression of schizophrenia‐related endophenotypes in the DISC1‐L100P genetic mouse model. The mutated DISC1 resulted in facilitation of the psychostimulant effect of amphetamine in DISC1‐L100P mutant mice assessed in the open field and prepulse inhibition (PPI) tests. Biochemical studies detected a 2.1‐fold increase in the proportion of striatal D receptors without significant changes in DA release in vivo in the striatum of DISC1‐L100P mutants in response to the low dose of amphetamine. The D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol reversed the hyperactivity, PPI and latent inhibition (LI) deficits and blocked the psychostimulant effect of amphetamine in DISC1‐L100P mutants. Taken together, our findings show the role of DISC1 in D2‐related pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia, linking DISC1 with well‐established DA hypothesis of schizophrenia.
[Evolving Post-World War II U.S. Inflation Dynamics]: Comment

1. The persistence of the postwar inflation process has evolved over the past four decades. In the 1960s, inflation was mean-reverting; in the 1970s and early 1980s, it was highly persistent; and in the past ten to fifteen years it has been mean-reverting, as it was in the 1960s. This view is widely shared-for example, it has also been made by Taylor (1999) and by Brainard and Perry (2000)-and it seems to reflect conventional wisdom across a wide spectrum of views of monetary policy. 2. There is a positive correlation between the level of inflation, as measured by its low-frequency component, and its persistence. This is essentially an implication of the first point, because inflation was low in the 1960s, high in the 1970s and early 1980s, and low again during the 1990s. 3. The inflation process has been unstable, not just as measured by its persistence, but also over its entire spectrum or, equivalently, all its autocorrelations. 4. The reduced-form backward-looking Phillips curve relating inflation to lagged inflation and a measure of real economic activity (in Cogley and Sargent, the unemployment rate) has been unstable over the past four decades. Comment . 379
Comparison of stool antigen immunoassay and serology for screening for Helicobacter pylori infection in intellectually disabled children

Diagnosis of active Helicobacter pylori infection in intellectually disabled (ID) children is problematic because they are unable to cooperate with performance of invasive tests. In this study, the non‐invasive methods of measuring serum IgG antibody concentrations and performing stool antigen tests were used to screen for H. pylori infection in ID children. Eighty‐seven children with intellectual disabilities were studied. The amount of serum IgG antibody against H. pylori was measured by the ELISA method. Stool samples were examined using an amplified IDEIA HpStAR kit. To assess categorical variables, X2, Fisher's exact and Kappa tests were used. The stool antigen tests showed that 93.1% of the children had H. pylori antigen and the serology test that 85.1% of children were positive for H. pylori IgG antibodies. Agreement between results of H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) testing and IgG antibody serology was 82.8%; however, according to the kappa measure of agreement this agreement is not statistically significant (value, 0.128; P = 0.19). Discordant results were observed for 15 children (17.2%): 11 (12.6%) who were positive on HpSA test but negative by serology and 4 (4.6%) who were IgG seropositive but had negative HpSA tests. This study showed a notably higher rate of H. pylori infection in ID children than has been reported by others for non‐ID children from the same geographical area. The HpSA test is a valid method for primary screening for H. pylori infection in ID children; it detects the specific antigens shed during active infections and has less cross‐reactivity than serological tests that detect antibodies. HpSA is a sensitive non‐invasive method for detecting infection in ID children and may serve as an accurate alternative to serology.
The Antarctic holothurian genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Dendrochirotida, Cucumariidae): brood pouches, spermatozoa, spermatozeugmata and taxonomic implications.

An examination of seven Antarctic brooding cucumariid and psolid holothurian species revealed a variety of characters all of them have in common: (1) All are gonochoric. (2) A genital papilla is present on the oral disc (permanent and digitiform in males). (3) Females brood their offspring in five anterior interradial brood pouches that are situated at the transition of body to introvert. (4) Multiple spermatozoa are always bundled to bunch-like spermato-zeugmata. (5) The spermatozoa have a fusiform head and a hollow cylinder-like mid-piece encircling the anterior end of the flagellum. This combination of characters so far is unique, and indicates a close relationship based on common origin. As a consequence, we unite all species sharing this set of synapomorphies in the genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990. The herewith included species are: E. acanthocola Gutt, 1990, E. acutus (Massin, 1992) comb. nov., E. charcoti (Vaney, 1906) comb. nov., E. koehleri (Vaney, 1914) comb. nov., E. mollis (Ludwig & Heding, 1935) comb. nov., E. parvipes Massin, 1992 and E. splendidus (Gutt, 1990) comb. nov. Because the current assignment of Echinopsolus to the family Psolidae can not be retained, the genus is tranferred to the family Cucumariidae, as relationships to taxa within this family are obvious. The peculiar spermatozoa and spermato-zeugmata of all Echinopsolus species are described using light- and electron-microscopical techniques and the results are evaluated and discussed concerning their taxonomy and phylogeny.
Survey on Green Computing: Vision and Challenges

Nowadays, the usage of computers is considered a daily necessity. The extravagant practice involving computer technology demands certain degrees of responsibility on the part of users to avoid or minimize harmful impacts associated with negative affecting the environment. The use of computers, their accessories and resources is the environmentally responsible. Green computing is emerging as a prompting solution to this crisis. Green technology is becoming more desired for the public through the work of governments and environmental organizations, and has been growing recently. Previously, the only focus was on IT equipment power processing while the energy’s infrastructure, cooling and data center space is always considered available, certain, and their cost is reasonable. Nowadays, the infrastructure of any data center is the factor that an organization focuses on because it is considered one of the main factors that determine the amount of power consumption in any data center. Behind this change, there are other factors causing the increasing interest of the green computing issue such as fast growing loads of energy cost, growing realization of global warming problems, and
Heterogeneity of kinase inhibitor resistance mechanisms in GIST

Most GIST patients develop clinical resistance to KIT/PDGFRA tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, it is unclear whether clinical resistance results from single or multiple molecular mechanisms in each patient. KIT and PDGFRA mutations were evaluated in 53 GIST metastases obtained from 14 patients who underwent surgical debulking after progression on imatinib or sunitinib. To interrogate possible resistance mechanisms across a broad biological spectrum of GISTs, inter‐ and intra‐lesional heterogeneity of molecular drug‐resistance mechanisms were evaluated in the following: conventional KIT (CD117)‐positive GISTs with KIT mutations in exon 9, 11 or 13; KIT‐negative GISTs; GISTs with unusual morphology; and KIT/PDGFRA wild‐type GISTs. Genomic KIT and PDGFRA mutations were characterized systematically, using complementary techniques including D‐HPLC for KIT exons 9, 11–18 and PDGFRA exons 12, 14, 18, and mutation‐specific PCR (V654A, D820G, N822K, Y823D). Primary KIT oncogenic mutations were found in 11/14 patients (79%). Of these, 9/11 (83%), had secondary drug‐resistant KIT mutations, including six (67%) with two to five different secondary mutations in separate metastases, and three (34%) with two secondary KIT mutations in the same metastasis. The secondary mutations clustered in the KIT ATP binding pocket and kinase catalytic regions. FISH analyses revealed KIT amplicons in 2/10 metastases lacking secondary KIT mutations. This study demonstrates extensive intra‐ and inter‐lesional heterogeneity of resistance mutations and gene amplification in patients with clinically progressing GIST. KIT kinase resistance mutations were not found in KIT/PDGFRA wild‐type GISTs or in KIT‐mutant GISTs showing unusual morphology and/or loss of KIT expression by IHC, indicating that resistance mechanisms are fundamentally different in these tumours. Our observations underscore the heterogeneity of clinical TKI resistance, and highlight the therapeutic challenges involved in salvaging patients after clinical progression on TKI monotherapies. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering conduits to resemble natural vascular tissue

Research on the use of biomaterials as vascular substitutes has been dominated in the past by studies focusing on the properties of the materials used. These need to be resistant to protein absorption and should allow cell colonization and integration of the biomaterial within recipient tissue. Despite promising perspectives related both to the appearance of new synthetic materials with biomedical applications and to developments in arterial replacement techniques, there are still many unresolved problems. These include the appearance of occlusive phenomena when using medium‐ or small‐calibre arterial substitutes, and the lack of growth and adaptability of the biomaterial to changes in the host. Notwithstanding, the tissue‐engineering techniques developed in recent decades have vastly improved prosthetic behaviour at the blood/biomaterial interface. There is also no doubt that developments in engineered arterial grafts made of natural biomaterials colonized with cells harvested from the recipient patient are drawing us closer and closer to achieving the living graft.