Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selection of Plasmodium falciparum Pfmdr-1 N86Y alleles by Amodiaquine-Artesunate and Artemether-Lumefantrine in Nanoro, Burkina Faso

Plasmodium falciparum Pfmdr1-86 gene polymorphisms were investigated in blood samples of patients > 6 months of age treated with Amodiaquine-Artesunate (ASAQ) and Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Treatments outcome was determined with a 28-day follow-up. The prevalence of Pfmdr-1 N86Y alleles was determined before and after treatment. The PCR-adjusted Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response (ACPR) was higher in the ASAQ arm (100%) than in the AL arm (87.5%) [Risk difference = -12.50; 95% CI: -20.13; - 4.86 (p=0.001)]. The prevalence of Pfmdr-1 Y86 mutation in the ASAQ arm was significantly higher among patients who had a recurrent parasitaemia (54.54%) than those classified as ACPR (12.70%) (p = 0.007). Similarly, the prevalence of the mutant allele Pfmdr-1 Y86 before treatment (20.00%) was significantly lower than that found in post-treatment (55.56%) in the ASAQ arm (p = 0.01). However, we did not see such difference in the AL arm either for post-treatment samples versus pre-treatment samples (p = 0.88), nor for patients with recurrent parasiteamia compared to those classified as ACPR (p = 0.65). In conclusion, our study showed that ASAQ is selected for parasites carrying the Pfmdr-1 Y86 mutation; however we were not able to demonstrate the reverse relationship between Pfmdr-1 86N and AL treatment as previously reported in Africa. Key words: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Amodiaquine-Artesunate, Artemether-Lumefantrine, Efficacy, Pfmdr-1, Burkina Faso.
Parental Awareness of the Potential Health Implications of Stem Cells Found in the Pediatric Dentition

INTRODUCTION Stem cell research has been on the cutting edge of medical technology for the past decade (1). A tremendous amount of research, funding, and resources from both the public and private sector have paved the way to assist clinicians in combating numerous diseases utilizing stem cells (2). This topic is so vital to the future of public health that stem cell research has had a profound impact on clinicians, patients, legislators and even the president of the United States of America has had to rule on behalf of stem cell research (3). To date, diseases and ailments such as juvenile diabetes, heart disease, various cancers including leukemia and lymphoma, and vision loss have been treated utilizing stem cell therapy (4-7).
Robust Network Design and Robustness Factor

Robust Network Design and Robustness Factor Armin Ghayoori Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2013 This thesis presents a robust design approach for communication networks that includes capacitation and routing strategy design. Robustness is a mandatory property of core networks to respond to perturbations in network parameters for performance stability and reliable service delivery to different customers. Our proposed design approach is applicable to any system that is modelled by a weighted directed graph. To quantify the robustness measure, we borrow and develop different concepts and properties from Markov chain literatures as well as graph theory survivability discussions. We propose a new robustness definition for Markov chains. The new Markov chain robustness definition has different applications in network design. We define robustness as the sensitivity of the mean first passage time between any two states of the Markov chain. This sensitivity is measured based on the variations of the mean first passage times to the perturbations in transition probabilities. We show that this definition of robustness is related to the sensitivity of the betweenness of a node/state in a Markov chain, which is defined as the number of visits by a random walker that wanders around in the Markov chain according to its transition probabilities. It was shown that for an infinite walk, the proportion of number of visits to the total number of hops converges to the stationary probabilities. Therefore, an analogy can be seen between the well-known condition number and the robustness factor in a Markov chain. We also extend the robustness factor definition to network design problems. We show that the robustness factor can be used as a design criterion. The newly defined robustness factor is a function of the network capacitation, routing and external input and output traffic. We also emphasize the importance of the newly discovered graph theoretic metric, called the Kemeny constant, in network design problems. We discuss that a function of the Kemeny constant and robustness factor limits the sensitivity of network performance parameters to the perturbations in the network.
The effective factors on our early and late results, recurrence and survival in differential thyroid cancers: An analysis of 184 patients

Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effective prognostic factors on recurrence and mortality in patients with differential thyroid cancer. Material and Methods: The effects of various parameters of demographic characteristics, the admission symptoms, physical examination, laboratory findings, pathological examination, and surgical method of 184 patients, who underwent surgery due to differential thyroid cancer between January 1986 and December 2009 in 4th General Surgical Clinic of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, on prognosis were examined. The information of the patients was obtained from automation system of the hospital and Thyroid Cancer Information and Follow-Up Form of 4th General Surgical Clinic of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital. Results: The sample group consisted of 172 papillary cancer patients and 12 follicular cancer patients. The mean age of the patients was 45.4 years (15-78). There were 159 (86.4%) female patients and 25 (13.6%) male patients. The mean follow-up period of 161 (87.5%) patients, who were followed up regularly, was 73.26 months (1-231). The mean recurrence period was 77.66 months (1-150). Mortality was observed in eight (4.3%) patients during their follow-up period. The mean life expectancy of those who died was 66.87 months (1-150 months). * Single variable analysis revealed that the T stage and pathologic final stage were effective on recurrence. Painful nodules and palpable lymph nodes in the neck and the papillary histological malignant subtype variant, as well as the presence of vascular and adjacent organ invasion, multicentricity, T stage, the lymph nodes, distant metastasis, and the clinical stage during the admission were identified to be effective on mortality. Conclusion: The risk of recurrence is high in DTC patients with high T stage and advanced pathologic stage. The rate of survival of those with multicentric tumors and advanced pathologic stage is low. Therefore, it is important for patients to be followed up closely within a postoperative multidisciplinary context.
A General Computational Model for Word-Form Recognition and Production

A language independent model for recognition and production of word forms is presented. This "two-level model" is based on a new way of describing morphological alternations. All rules describing the morphophonological variations are parallel and relatively independent of each other. Individual rules are implemented as finite state automata, as in an earlier model due to Martin Kay and Ron Kaplan. The two-level model has been implemented as an operational computer programs in several places. A number of operational two-level descriptions have been written or are in progress (Finnish, English, Japanese, Rumanian, French, Swedish, Old Church Slavonic, Greek, Lappish, Arabic, Icelandic). The model is bidirectional and it is capable of both analyzing and synthesizing word-forms.
Determinants of women’s perceived satisfaction on Antenatal care in urban Ghana: A cross-sectional study

Despite evidence on major interventions on the uptake and scale up of interventions meant to promote maternal health care services, little is known about adequate use of such program in urban Ghana among reproductive aged women. This study examined the determinants of women’s Satisfaction on antenatal care use in selected health facilities in the Kwabre East Municipality of Ghana. Using facility-based cross-sectional survey design, a three-stage sampling technique was conducted to sample 220 women attending postnatal care at selected public health facilities. Open-ended questionnaires were used to obtain data from respondents. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including binary logit regression model were used to analyze the data with the help of SPSS and STATA software. Logit analytical framework was computed to determine equations of variance. The association between antenatal care use and women’s satisfaction was determined and assessed using Pearson’s χ2 (2) test indicating 1% was run. Most women (92.7%) had at least four ANC visits during their entire pregnancy. The results indicate standard deviation of 7 with 81% regular ANC visits and 19% irregular. Most women (55%) received care by one caregiver, followed by women (35%) who received care by two caregivers and women (10%) who were cared for by three caregivers. The regression results showed varying utilization levels of 10%, 5% & 1% ANC satisfaction. System induced factors aimed at promoting maternal care use satisfaction are suggested. Research Article Determinants of women’s perceived satisfaction on Antenatal care in urban Ghana: A cross-sectional study Akowuah Jones Asafo1* and Danquah Benedicta Adoma2 1Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 2Department of Accounting, School of Business, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana *Address for Correspondence: Akowuah Jones Asafo, Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Email: asafojones60@gmail.com Submitted: 20 June 2019 Approved: 01 July 2019 Published: 02 July 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Akowuah JA and Danquah BA. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
The Role Of Kca3.1 In IGA Nephropathy

s . i Acknowledgements . ii Contributions . iii Presentations . iv Table of Figures . x Table of Abbreviations . xiii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 IgA Nephropathy . 1 1.1.1 Immunoglobulin A . 1 1.1.2 Functions of IgA . 2 1.1. 3 Epidemiology . 3 1.1. 4 Diagnosis . 4 1.1. 5 Pathogenesis, Origin and Disease Mechanism of IgA Nephropathy . 8 1.1. 6 Treatment . 14 1.2 Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels . 14 1.2. 1 Types and Function of Calcium Activated Potassium Channel . 15 1.2. 2 Structure of KCa 3.1 . 16 1.2. 3 Pharmacology of KCa3.1 . 19 1.2. 4 The Role of KCa3.1 . 20 Aims and Hypothesis . 26 Chapter 2: Material and Methods . 27
Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Celikah Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir

Latar Belakang: DBD merupakan salah satu dari banyak penyakit menular yang dapat menimbulkan kematian dalam waktu singkat mampu menimbulkan wabah. Berdasarkan data Dinkes Kabupaten OKI tahun 2016, kasus di Puskesmas Celikah masih tinggi dan melebihi target nasional yang diharapkan (IR 51 per 100.000 penduduk). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor resiko yang mempengaruhi kejadian demam berdarah dengue. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi case control. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 114 sampel dari 57 kasus demam berdarah dengue dan 57 kontrol dengan rasio 1:1. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu Quota sampling. Analisa data yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan chi-square test dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda model prediksi.Hasil Penelitian: Variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian DBD adalah umur (p-value= <0,001; OR=9,0; 95% CI:2,486-32,579), jenis kelamin (p-value=0,002; OR=5,6; 95% CI:1,934-16,337), pekerjaan (p-value=0,001; OR= 3,7; 95% CI:1,718-8,155), pengetahuan (p-value=0,015; OR=2,7; 95% CI: 1,284-5,889), menguras TPA (p-value=0,004; OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,554-8,677), pemasangan kawat kassa (pvalue=<0,001; OR=7,8; 95% CI:3,247-19,142), pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan (p-value=0,012; OR=2,9; 95% CI:1,322-6,362). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan antara lain pendidikan, sikap, kebiasaan menggantung pakaian, tanaman sekitar rumah dan riwayat DBD. Umur merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh dengan kejadian DBD setelah dikontrol dengan variabel lainnya (p-value=0,007; OR=14,153; 95% CI: 2,062- 97,154). Kesimpulan: Umur merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh dengan kejadian DBD. Diharapkan bagi instansi terkait agar dapat lebih mengutamakan upaya pelayanan promotif agar dapat menurunkan angka kejadian DBD.
Specific Inhibition of CYP4A Alleviates Myocardial Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Induced by Advanced Glycation End-Products

High exposure to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may induce cardiotoxicity. However, the effects and mechanisms remain to be further clarified. CYP4A plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of myocardial abnormalities by modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis (OS/Apop) signaling pathway. The present work aimed to investigate whether CYP4A mediates AGEs-induced myocardial injury. AGEs solution was administered intragastrically to C57BL/6 mice for 60 days, while the specific inhibitor of CYP4A, HET0016, was given from the 47th day via intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. Levels of OS/Apop in heart tissue were measured. The effects on the cell viability and apoptosis were detected in primary rat cardiomyocytes. To further investigate the mechanism, H9c2 cells were treated with HET0016 or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against CYP4a mRNA before incubation with AGEs. Exposure to AGEs led to significantly increased expression of CYP4A and levels of OS/Apop in heart and H9c2 cells both in vivo and in vitro. The OS/Apop pathway was activated with increased expression of NOX2, p-JNK, and cleaved caspase-3 (c-caspase-3) and decreased expression of p-Akt and Bcl-xL both in vivo and in vitro. Specific CYP4A suppression by HET0016 or siRNA exerted significant protective effects by attenuating AGEs-induced OS/Apop pathways in vitro. Our results demonstrate that specific inhibition of CYP4A might be a potential therapeutic option for myocardial injury induced by AGEs.
Working with neuromuscular conditions: A review and evaluation

Abstract A major concern of rehabilitation counselors is the likelihood of work following illness and the purpose of this paper is to determine the work rate of persons with neuromuscular conditions. A review of 38 published reports indicated the capacity for employment, but this varied according to the specific neuromuscular condition. A quantitative summary of previous studies that comprised a total of 2926 participants indicated that 1266 or 43.2% were working. Higher work rates were reported for studies where (a) the focus was on specific disorders rather than neuromuscular conditions in general or (b) where the participation rate was greater than 80%.
Assessment of background radiation levels in selected diagnostic radiology department across Ondo State, Nigeria

The indoor and outdoor ionizing radiation exposure levels were measured in some randomly selected radiological laboratories of some hospitals across Ondo State, Nigeria using a Kindenoo PG - 15 Geiger Muller detector. Measurements were taken in each of the radiological laboratories of the hospitals in two phases: first, when the x-ray machines were energized and second, when the x-ray machines were not energized. The mean indoor and outdoor annual effective doses varied from 20.53±1.07 to 39.12±0.09 and 0.63±0.32 to 1.17±0.45 mSv/y respectively for the first phase in the radiological laboratories and from 1.68±0.04 to 2.26±0.07 and 0.28±0.02 to 0.42±0.02 mSv/y respectively for the second phase. Using statistical tools, a post-hoc test was carried out to test for the statistical significant difference between the indoor and outdoor annual effective dose in the study area. The test showed a significant difference between the indoor and outdoor annual effective dose at the radiological laboratories when the x-ray machine was energized and when the x-ray machine was not energized. Keywords: Indoor radiation exposure, Outdoor radiation exposure, X-ray, Annual effective dose
Children with Disability in Nepal: New Hope Through CBR?

Purpose: This study assesses the impact of a community-based rehabilitation (CBR) programme on the quality of life (QoL) of children with disability and their families. Methods: A qualitative approach was applied, using two techniques - a ranking line and semi-structured interviews. Nineteen children (ranging from 4 –18 years of age) were interviewed in their homes located in three villages - Chapakhori, Bokraha and Madesha - in Nepal. Results : Children with disability and their families ranked physical health, psychological health, empowerment and level of independence as the most important factors for their QoL. Of the 19 children, 13 had experienced positive changes in their life and 1 child reported a negative change. The positive changes related mainly to their physical health and functioning. The impact of these changes was felt in the ‘social’, ‘level of independence’ and ‘empowerment’ outcome categories. The children mentioned that they had more friends, experienced less stigma, could go to school and were more hopeful about the future. Conclusions: This CBR programme has brought about changes in the QoL of all children with disability and their families. The majority of them reported a positive impact.
Mental and behavioural emergencies at a tertiary healthcare centre in India: Pattern and profile

Background. Sparse data are available on service utilization, pattern and profile of mental and behavioural emergencies in India. We explored the pattern and clinical profile of consecutively referred psychiatric emergencies at a premier tertiary healthcare centre in India. Methods. We reviewed the consecutive referrals for acute mental and behavioural problems made by the emergency department and recorded in an emergency psychiatry register between January 2015 and January 2016. Results. Over a 1 3-month period, 666 patients were assessed; of whom 473 (71 %) had no prior/known psychiatric history and 84 (12.6%) had a comorbid medical condition. Nearly one-third of patients had potential legal issues associated with their emergency. The most common reasons for presentation were: an attempt at self-harm (130; 19.5%), aggression/agitation ( 122; 18.3%) and psychoactive substance use-related problems (69; 10.3%). Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (89; 13.4%) and mood disorders (87; 1 3.1%) formed the 2 most common diagnostic groups seen in emergency. Most commonly prescribed medications were benzodiazepines (296; 44.4%) followed by antipsychotics (187; 28.1%) and antidepressants (90; 13.5%). Notably, 11% of patients (76) were advised immediate admission under psychiatry, half of whom could be admitted directly from the emergency. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that there is a need to optimize emergency mental healthcare and develop service delivery models for common psychiatric emergencies in India.
From Games to Gamification: A Classification of Rewards in World of Warcraft for the Design of Gamified Systems

Background. Gamification commonly uses a limited set of design elements to enhance applications and services in a variety of contexts, such as learning, health and work. However, gamification techniques are based on well-established design practices and rarely new game elements are added to the catalogue available to gamification designers. Aim. This article enriches such catalogue by taking inspiration from WORLD OF WARCRAFT (WoW). Specifically, it focuses on WoW’s rewards to show how games are capable of creating complex and diversified design elements that may have different impacts on players. Method. Through an ethnographic study, this article defines a classification of WoW’s rewards based on the values that players ascribe to them, as well as on the effects that such incentives produce on players’ experience. Results. Starting from these findings, the article describes a series of design considerations for using rewards in different application fields, such as learning and behavior change. Conclusions. The considerations can be usefully applied to the gamification domain, as well as to the design of games with serious purposes.
Physical Activity in Overlap Syndrome of COPD and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Relationship With Markers of Systemic Inflammation.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Low physical activity (PA) is associated with poor health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overlap syndrome (OVS), the co-occurrence of COPD and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is highly prevalent. Little is known about PA in OVS, and its relationship with markers of systemic inflammation. METHODS We studied 256 persons with stable COPD, 61 (24%) of whom had OVS, who were well characterized in two previous PA studies. PA was directly assessed with the Omron HJ-720ITC pedometer. C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assayed from peripheral blood. Linear regression models, adjusting for age and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) % predicted, assessed daily step counts and CRP and IL-6 levels in OVS, compared to COPD alone. Linear regression models, adjusting for age, FEV1 % predicted, and coronary artery disease, assessed the relationships between PA and CRP and IL-6 in those with OVS versus those with COPD alone. RESULTS Compared to COPD alone, persons with OVS walked 672 fewer steps per day (95% CI -1,317 to -28, P = .041). Those with OVS had significantly higher levels of CRP and IL-6 compared to COPD alone. In OVS, each 1,000 fewer steps walked was associated with a 0.875 ng/mL (95% CI 0.767 to 0.997) increase in IL-6, independent of lung function. CONCLUSIONS Persons with OVS have significantly lower levels of PA and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers, compared to COPD alone. Lower PA is significantly associated with higher IL-6 levels in OVS.
Clinical and Mycologic Studies of Tinea Corporis in Taegu

The clinical features of 178 patients with tinea corporis from January to December 2008 in Catholic Skin Clinics were evaluated. KOH examination and culture from the patients lesions were performed. And cultured dermatophytes were identified by colony morphology and microscopic findings. The ratio of male to female with the infection was about 1.3:1 and showed more prevalence in male. The unexposed area (84.5%) was more frequently affected than exposed (15.5%) and the most common site was buttock. Coexisting dermatophytoses in patients with tinea corporis were noted in 27 cases and the most commons were tinea pedis. The isolated dermatophytes were composed of Trichophyton rubrum (91.7%), Microsporum canis (2.6%), T. verrucosum (2.6%), T. mentagrophytes (1.7%), and T. tonsurans (1.7%).