Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Derived Vectors with Wild-Type Virus in Transduced Cells

ABSTRACT The interaction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived vectors with wild-type virus was analyzed in transduced cells. Vector transcripts upregulated by infection had no measurable effect on HIV type 1 (HIV-1) expression but competed efficiently for encapsidation, inhibiting the infectivity and spread of HIV-1 in culture and leading to mobilization and recombination of the vector. These effects were abrogated with a self-inactivating vector.
A Propensity-Matched Analysis of Outcomes of Patients with Clinical Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated surgically or with stereotactic radiotherapy: A Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy between SBRT and surgery based on the Propensity-Matched Analysis. Methods: Publications on comparison SBRT and Surgery for early stage non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 2011 to 2017 were collected. Propensity score matching was used to achieve comparable treatment hazard ratios of the overall survival (OS), local control survival (LC), regional control survival (RC), loco-regional control survival (LRC), distant control survival (DC), disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) between SBRT and Surgery. The major outcomes measures were hazard ratios (HRs). Meta-analysis Revman 5.3 software was used to analyze the combined Pooled HRs using fixed- or random-effects models according to the heterogeneity. Result: Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. The LC, L-R C, DC, DFS and PFS rates of patients with early-stage lung cancer who were treated with SBRT are equal to surgical results. While, patients with surgery achieved superior OS compared with SBRT. Conclusion: In this study we carried out a meta-analysis, which controls the acceptable level of the efficacy in the propensity score to match patients. The surgery had obvious OS advantages in this meta-analysis. However, these conclusions would be proven by further studies incorporating comorbidity data, and outcomes from randomized control study. The final decision for the optimal treatment of a patient with early-stage NSCLC can be substantiated by a personalized treatment model.
On the role of G protein activation and phosphorylation in desensitization to acetylcholine in guinea‐pig atrial cells.

1. The ACh‐activated K+ current (IK,ACh) has been investigated in guinea‐pig atrial cells at 36 degrees C using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. 2. During an exposure to ACh, IK,ACh faded as a result of desensitization. Throughout the fade of the current, the current reversed at EK and showed inward‐going rectification. The fade was, therefore, the result of a genuine decrease in IK,ACh. 3. The onset of desensitization (as judged by the fade of IK,ACh) was biphasic and the time constants of the fast and slow phases of desensitization were 1.58 +/‐ 0.14 (n = 16) and 148.2 +/‐ 12.8 s (n = 18) respectively. Recovery from the fast and slow phases of desensitization (after 30 s and 5 min exposures to ACh respectively) occurred with time constants of 52 and 222 s respectively. This suggests that two processes are involved in desensitization. 4. The Q10 of the rate constant of the fast phase of desensitization was 2.2 +/‐ 0.3 (n = 6). 5. Intracellular perfusion with guanosine 5'‐O‐(3‐thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) or extracellular perfusion with AlF4‐ were used to bypass the muscarinic receptor and trigger IK,ACh by directly activating the G protein, GK, that links the muscarinic receptor to the K+ channel. Both GTP gamma S and AlF4‐ activated a current with the same reversal potential and the same degree of inward‐going rectification as the ACh‐activated current. 6. Desensitization still occurred when the muscarinic receptor was bypassed and IK,ACh was triggered by direct activation of GK with either GTP gamma S or AlF4‐. This suggests that desensitization is, in part, the result of a modification of either GK or the K+ channel. 7. Activation of the muscarinic receptor by ACh resulted in greater desensitization than direct activation of GK; at the end of a 5 min exposure to ACh, current was only 22 +/‐ 1% (n = 19) of its peak value, whereas, after direct activation of GK by GTP gamma S for 5 min, current was 42 +/‐ 6% (n = 5) of its peak value. This suggests that desensitization also involves the muscarinic receptor. 8. When cells were perfused with GTP gamma S, the fast phase of desensitization could still occur, but the slow phase was reduced. This suggests that the fast phase involves GK or the K+ channel, whereas the slow phase involves the muscarinic receptor. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Simulation of the Radiation Environment Near Europa Using the Geant4-Based PLANETOCOSMICS-J Model

The Geant4-based PLANETOCOSMICS radiation simulation code has been extended to simulate the radiation environment in the vicinity of the Galilean moons. This software model treats in 3-dimensions the complex trajectories traced by charged particles in the combined effects of Jupiter's and the moon's intrinsic and induced fields. Furthermore, once the particles are incident upon the moon's surface, the detailed nuclear and electromagnetic interactions are modeled and secondary particle emission treated. Treatment of these complex processes allows more accurate prediction required for radiation environment and hardness assurance for future missions to these moons. This paper describes the basis of the PLANETOCOSMICS-J model and the simulation approach for the Galilean moons. The first results from applying the model to Europa are presented and show potentially 60-75% reduction in total ionizing dose for 500 km to 100 km circular orbits around the moon.
Mutagenicity of Halogenated Ether Anesthetics

An in vitro microbial assay system employing two histidinedependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA1535 and TA100, was used to test the mutagenicities of enflurane, methoxyflurane, isoflurane and fluroxcne. Enflurane, isoflurane and fluroxene in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 30 per cent and methoxyflurane in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 7 per cent were incubated with bacteria in the presence or absence of homogenates of liver prepared from rats pretreated with the enzyme inducer, Aroclor 1254. Enflurane, methoxyflurane, isoflurane, and urines from patients anesthetized with these agents were not mutagenic. Fluroxene, however, was highly mutagenic, and therefore poses a possible hazard for operating room personnel and patients.
Pain scores improve analgesic administration patterns for trauma patients in the emergency department.

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of pain scores in improving pain management practices for trauma patients in the emergency department (ED). METHODS A prospective, observational study of analgesic administration to trauma patients was conducted over a nine-week period following educational intervention and introduction of verbal pain scores (VPSs). All ED nursing and physician staff in an urban Level I trauma center were trained to use the 0-10 VPS. Patients younger than 12 years old, having a Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) <8, or requiring intubation were excluded from analysis. Demographics, mechanism of injury, vital signs, pain scores, and analgesic data were extracted from a computerized ED database and patients' records. The staff was blinded to the ongoing study. RESULTS There were 150 patients studied (183 consecutive trauma patients seen; 33 patients excluded per criteria). Pain scores were documented for 73% of the patients. Overall, 53% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 45% to 61%) of the patients received analgesics in the ED. Of the patients who had pain scores documented, 60% (95% CI = 51% to 69%) received analgesics, whereas 33% (95% CI = 18% to 47%) of the patients without pain scores received analgesics. No patient with a VPS < 4 received analgesics, whereas 72% of patients with a VPS > 4 and 82% with a VPS > 7 received analgesics. Mean time to analgesic administration was 68 minutes (95% CI = 49 to 87). CONCLUSIONS Pain assessment using VPS increased the likelihood of analgesic administration to trauma patients with higher pain scores in the ED.
Concentration and Variety of Carbapenemase Producers in Recreational Coastal Waters Showing Distinct Levels of Pollution

ABSTRACT Carbapenemase-producing bacteria cause difficult-to-treat infections related to increased mortality in health care settings. Their occurrence has been reported in raw sewage, sewage-impacted rivers, and polluted coastal waters, which may indicate their spread to the community. We assessed the variety and concentration of carbapenemase producers in coastal waters with distinct pollution levels for 1 year. We describe various bacterial species producing distinct carbapenemases not only in unsuitable waters but also in waters considered suitable for primary contact.
Rapid transfer alignment based on unscented Kalman filter

This paper presents a nonlinear error model based on the quaternion for the rapid transfer alignment of the inertial navigation system (INS). It allows the large initial misalignment uncertainty. Then, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is designed to achieve the nonlinear filtering based on the proposed model, and utilizes the difference in velocity and attitude between the slave and master INS as the measurement variables. This paper analyzes and compares the misalignment estimation error and convergence rate of the proposed algorithm with the rapid alignment prototype (RAP) and the velocity-only matching algorithm. The results of simulation suggest that the proposed algorithm could achieve the same alignment performance, not limiting the initial attitude error, as the rapid alignment prototype to do when the misalignment is small. The convergence rate of the azimuth misalignment using the proposed algorithm is rapider than using the velocity matching algorithm for large heading uncertainty
Characterization of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

&NA; The enteric bacterial flora play a key role in maintaining health. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with quantitative and qualitative alterations in the microbiota. Early characterization of the microbiota involved culture‐dependent techniques. The advent of metagenomic techniques, however, allows for structural and functional characterization using culture‐independent methods. Changes in diversity, together with quantitative alterations in specific bacterial species, have been identified. The functional significance of these changes, and their pathogenic role, remain to be elucidated. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
IN VITRO TECHNIQUES AND MUTAGENESIS FOR THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF POTATO CVS. DESIREE AND DIAMANT

The aim of the present study was to get somaclonal variants and induced mutants of potato for desirable characters with special emphasis on yield and yield components in two cultivars of potato viz., Desiree and Diamant. Inter-nodal explants from both the cultivars were incubated for 1420wks in callus inducing medium comprising MS salts supplemented with NAA (1.0mg/l) and BAP (0.5mg/l) for obtaining somaclonal variants. For mutation induction, 10 week old, well proliferating calli was exposed to 5-50Gy of gamma irradiation. The regenerated plants were analyzed on the basis of morphological characters for variation. The plants were screened on the basis of average shoot height, number of shoots, number of nodes/shoots, average tuber number, tuber size, tuber weight and number of eyes / tuber. Three variant lines (SV1, SV2 and SV3) and 6 gamma mutant lines (GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4 GM5 and GM6) were selected on the basis of better yield and other agronomic characters. The current study demonstrates the production of useful variants both by tissue culture and gamma irradiation in potato.
Sequential low-dose rate half-body irradiation and chemotherapy for the treatment of canine multicentric lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Sequential half-body irradiation (HBI) combined with chemotherapy is feasible in treating canine lymphoma, but prolonged interradiation intervals may affect efficacy. A 2-week interradiation interval is possible in most dogs receiving low-dose rate irradiation (LDRI) protocols at 6 Gy dose levels. HYPOTHESIS LDRI incorporated into a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincritine, and prednisone (CHOP)-based chemotherapy protocol is effective for the treatment of lymphoma in dogs. ANIMALS Thirty-eight client-owned animals diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma. METHODS Retrospective study evaluating the efficacy and prognostic factors for the treatment of canine lymphoma with sequential HBI and chemotherapy. RESULTS The median 1st remission was 410 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 241-803 days). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year 1st remission rates were 54, 42, and 31%. The median overall survival was 684 days (95% CI 334-1,223 days). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 66, 47, and 44%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this study suggest that treatment intensification by a 2-week interradiation treatment interval coupled with interradiation chemotherapy is an effective treatment for dogs with lymphoma.
Aberrant gene expression during the development of hybrid sunfishes (perciformes, teleostei).

Summary Reciprocal intergeneric hybrid crosses were made between two species of centrarchids (Perciformes, Teleostei), the largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) (LMB) and the green sunfish ( Lepomis cyanellus ) (GSF). The LMB ♀ × GSF ♂ hybrid embryos underwent apparently normal morphological development. However, the hybrid embryos derived from the reciprocal GSF ♀ × LMB ♂ cross were morphologically abnormal, and all died near the time of hatching. Starch gel electrophoresis and specific histochemical staining techniques were utilized to investigate the ontogeny of enzymes encoded at each of 13 loci during the development of embryos of both parental species and both types of hybrids. Enzymes encoded in eight loci were present throughout the embryogenesis of one or both parental species. Enzymes encoded in these eight loci were also expressed throughout the development of both types of hybrid embryos. The electrophoretic mobilities of isozymes encoded in five of these eight loci were different for the two parental species. Although the maternal alleles at each of these five loci were expressed continuously during the development of both types of hybrid embryos, the parental alleles were not expressed until later in development. The five remaining loci were not expressed in the unfertilized eggs of either parental species, but were first expressed after fertilization. The onset of the expression of homologous loci was similar in embryos of the two parental species. During the development of the LMB ♀ × GSF ♂ hybrid embryos, the onset of gene expression for these five loci was delayed compared to that in the embryos of the two parental species. However, during the development of the GSF ♀ × LMB ♂ hybrid embryos, the onset of gene expression for most of these loci was earlier than that in the embryos of the two parental species. This precocious gene expression may reflect an aberrant pattern of gene regulation responsible for the abnormal development and lethality at hatching of the GSF ♀ × LMB ♂ hybrid embryos. A model is proposed to explain the various patterns of gene expression observed during embryogenesis of these reciprocal hybrids.
Practical Capacity Fading Model for Li-Ion Battery Cells in Electric Vehicles

This paper proposes a practical capacity fading model for Li-ion cells based on real operating conditions in electric vehicles (EVs). Numerous LiFePO4 cells have been cycled with a current profile containing regenerative braking to determine the capacity fading rate. The cells have been cycled at different temperatures with different initial state of charges, depth of discharges, or C-rates. From the experiments, an empirical model is constructed, which is capable of modeling the capacity fading in EV battery cells under most operating conditions. The capacity fading model can be used to estimate the state of health of EV battery cells, and simple ways to optimize the battery lifetime are proposed.
Upper mantle structure beneath the eastern Pacific Ocean ridges

[1] We analyze vertical component body and surface waves for 10 Mw > 5 earthquakes, recorded by ocean bottom seismometers at regional and teleseismic distances. Through waveform modeling, we place new constraints on along-axis variation in temperature and partial melt beneath the eastern Pacific ridges. The resulting best fit models show over 9% variation in average lithosphere shear velocities between different ridge segments. We demonstrate that lid velocity correlates with the square root of plate age, consistent with a conductive cooling process, but we find a more rapid dependence on age close to the rise axis. We map the average plate age into a mean lithospheric temperature for each of our profiles using a half-space cooling model, and the temperature derivatives (dVs/dT) determined from least squares linear fits are −1.1 and −0.26 m s−1 deg−1, respectively, for temperatures above and below ∼1000°C. The former estimate is more negative than values determined by earlier reports (−0.4 to −0.7 m s−1 deg−1), using global or regional data from a much wider range of seafloor age but with less resolution at young ages. The high ∣dVs/dT∣ value may suggest the presence of limited partial melt at shallow mantle depths, even after accounting for the strong effect of anelasticity and anharmonicity resulting from temperature and grain size variations. Our data also show a strong north-south difference in mantle structure: the surface waves that traverse the southern East Pacific Rise (EPR) experience shear velocities as low as ∼3.75 km s−1, more than 0.2 km s−1 slower than the average mantle structure at comparable depths beneath the northern EPR and the Galapagos spreading center. This difference cannot be explained by the simple conductive cooling process or spreading rate variations between ridge segments. The slow seismic speeds in the low-velocity zone (LVZ) appear to require partial melt. The velocity difference might be solely caused by higher temperatures under the southern EPR, but it may also suggest more melt in the LVZ beneath the southern ridge axis due to potential differences in melt production or extraction compared to the north. In addition, differences in width or symmetry of the partial melt zones can affect the observed path-averaged velocities beneath these two segments. Finally, we determine more accurate depths for ocean transform earthquakes by analyzing the amplitude ratios between body and surface waves. The depths of these transform earthquakes are consistent with brittle deformation within the oceanic crust.
Resistance of Macrophages to Mycobacterium avium Is Induced by α2-Adrenergic Stimulation

ABSTRACT The ability of macrophages to control the growth of microorganisms is increased by macrophage activation. Previously, it was shown that epinephrine activated mouse macrophages to resist the growth of Mycobacterium avium via α2-adrenergic stimulation. In the present study, we show that the α2-adrenergic agonist (α2-agonist) clonidine induced resistance to M. avium growth in the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line. The ability of catecholamines to induce resistance to mycobacteria was specific to α2-adrenergic stimulation, as α1-, β1-, and β2-agonists had no effect. Receptor signaling through Gi proteins was required. A G-protein antagonist specific for the α subunits of the Go/Gi family blocked the increased resistance induced by clonidine, while a Gs-protein antagonist was without effect. Both nitric oxide (NO) production and superoxide (O2−) production were required for the increased resistance to M. avium growth induced by clonidine. Although NO production was required, clonidine did not increase the level of NO in M. avium-infected cells. Since NO and O2− interact to produce peroxynitrite (ONOO−), we examined whether ONOO− mediates the increased resistance to M. avium induced by clonidine. 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)prophyrinato iron (III) chloride (FeTPPS), a specific scavenger of ONOO−, inhibited the effect of clonidine on M. avium growth. Clonidine also increased the production of ONOO− in M. avium-infected RAW264.7 cells, as measured by the oxidation of 123-dihydrorhodamine and the production of nitrated tyrosine residues. We therefore conclude that α2-adrenergic stimulation activates macrophages to resist the growth of M. avium by enhancing the production of ONOO−.
Homogenization of Models to Support Multi-model Processes in Improvement Environments

Since almost two decades ago, process improvement has been evolving considerably. Proof of this is the increase in the amount of models (models and fact standards) that have been able to be referenced and taken as a basis on which to carry out process improvement. The heterogeneity of available models, together with the need to solve problems from many dimensions and organizational hierarchies, lead to organizations facing problems in improvement process projects which have to deal with different models at the same time. To balance these models, this paper sets out a homogenized structure as a support mechanism for the harmonization and integration of their different characteristics.
Affinity and Specificity of the Interactions between Streptococcus mutans Antigen I/II and Salivary Components

Adherence to salivary pellicle-coated tooth surfaces and aggregation by salivary components of Streptococcus mutans involves a major cell surface protein termed antigen (Ag) 1/II. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the affinity and specificity of the interactions between Agl/II and human saliva in assays of 125I-AgI/II binding to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (SHA) and of S. mutans aggregation by salivary agglutinin (SAG), monitored turbidimetrically. 125I-AgI/II binding to SHA followed saturation kinetics, and Scatchard plot analysis indicated two binding sites with dissociation constants of the order of 10-10 mol/L and 10-9 mol/L. The binding to SHA of the C-terminal one-third of Agl/II which corresponds to AgII was less than one-fifth that of the whole molecule and did not show evidence of saturation. The binding of 125I-AgI/II was inhibited by native or recombinant fragments that mapped in the N-terminal part of the molecule and that contained the alanine-rich repeat region, whereas fragments mapping at the central or C-terminal one-third had no effect. As with binding to SHA, the regions of Agl/II which inhibited aggregation mapped at the N-terminal part of the molecule, but, in addition, a recombinant segment mapping at the central part and containing the proline-rich repeat region was also inhibitory. The S. mutans-aggregating activity of SAG or whole saliva was inhibited by amino compounds, and most strongly by L-lysine and analogues possessing w-primary amine groups. These data support the role of Agl/II as an adhesin with high-affinity binding for SHA receptors, mediated by the N-terminal part of the molecule. This region is also involved in SAG-induced S. mutans aggregation, which is sensitive to amino compounds.