Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parents’ and Adolescents’ Perspectives on Parenting

Uncertainty persists regarding adequate measurement of parenting behavior during early adolescence. The present study aimed to clarify the conceptual structure of parenting by evaluating three different models that include support, psychological control, and various types of behavioral control (i.e., proactive, punitive, and harsh punitive control). Furthermore, we examined measurement invariance of parenting ratings by 1,111 Flemish adolescents from Grade 7 till 9, their mother, and father. Finally, criterion validity of parenting ratings was estimated in relation to adolescent problem behavior. Results supported a five-factor parenting model indicating multiple aspects of behavioral control, with punitive and harsh punitive control as more intrusive forms and proactive control as a more supportive form. Similar constructs were measured for adolescents, mothers, and fathers (i.e., configural and metric invariance), however on a different scale (i.e., scalar noninvariance). Future research and clinical practices should acknowledge these findings in order to fully grasp the parenting process.
The Effectiveness of the Personality Assessment Inventory With Feigned PTSD

Malingered posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) poses a formidable clinical challenge because of the apparent ease in feigning PTSD. As an additional confound, some patients with genuine PTSD produce elevated profiles on feigning indicators that are difficult to distinguish from feigned PTSD. The current study utilized 109 inpatients from a trauma unit to examine whether the Personality Assessment Inventory and the Detailed Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress can effectively differentiate between genuine and feigned PTSD. As a primary focus, Resnick’s model of malingered PTSD was evaluated with its three subtypes: pure malingering, partial malingering, and false imputation. They were tested on their ability to (a) effectively simulate PTSD and (b) avoid being classified as feigning. The partial malingering group proved to be the best feigning group in achieving these two goals. Overall, the Personality Assessment Inventory Malingering Index and Negative Distortion Scale were the most effective at identifying feigning.
A Sub-1.0-V On-Chip CMOS Thermometer With a Folded Temperature Sensor for Low-Power Mobile DRAM

As Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) supply voltages drop below 1 V with the scaling down of the process, it becomes increasingly difficult to construct a temperature sensor with sufficient accuracy to control self-refresh, without occupying significant area or consuming increased power. In this brief, we propose an on-chip CMOS thermometer with a temperature sensor, the output of which is divided into segments by a folding scheme. The slopes of these segments can be arranged to be the same or adjusted separately, as desired for the output. Implemented in a 29-nm DRAM process, the sensor operates from -40 °C to 95 °C at the supply voltage of 0.8 V, with a temperature sensitivity of -3.1 mV/°C between -40 °C and 35 °C, and -2.1 mV/°C between 35 °C and 95 °C. It has an area of 0.0016 mm2 and consumes less than 0.144 μW.
Development and Validation of a State-Based Measure of Emotion Dysregulation

Existing measures of emotion dysregulation typically assess dispositional tendencies and are therefore not well suited for study designs that require repeated assessments over brief intervals. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a state-based multidimensional measure of emotion dysregulation. Psychometric properties of the State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS) were examined in a large representative community sample of young adult women drawn from four sites (N = 484). Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution, with results supporting the internal consistency, construct validity, and predictive validity of the total scale and the four subscales: Nonacceptance (i.e., nonacceptance of current emotions), Modulate (i.e., difficulties modulating emotional and behavioral responses in the moment), Awareness (i.e., limited awareness of current emotions), and Clarity (i.e., limited clarity about current emotions). S-DERS scores were significantly associated with trait-based measures of emotion dysregulation, affect intensity/reactivity, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness, as well as measures of substance use problems. Moreover, significant associations were found between the S-DERS and state-based laboratory measures of emotional reactivity, even when controlling for the corresponding original DERS scales. Results provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the S-DERS as a state-based measure of emotion regulation difficulties.
Automated Assessment of Patients’ Self-Narratives for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screening Using Natural Language Processing and Text Mining

Patients’ narratives about traumatic experiences and symptoms are useful in clinical screening and diagnostic procedures. In this study, we presented an automated assessment system to screen patients for posttraumatic stress disorder via a natural language processing and text-mining approach. Four machine-learning algorithms—including decision tree, naive Bayes, support vector machine, and an alternative classification approach called the product score model—were used in combination with n-gram representation models to identify patterns between verbal features in self-narratives and psychiatric diagnoses. With our sample, the product score model with unigrams attained the highest prediction accuracy when compared with practitioners’ diagnoses. The addition of multigrams contributed most to balancing the metrics of sensitivity and specificity. This article also demonstrates that text mining is a promising approach for analyzing patients’ self-expression behavior, thus helping clinicians identify potential patients from an early stage.
Differentially Private Empirical Risk Minimization: Efficient Algorithms and Tight Error Bounds

In this paper, we initiate a systematic investigation of differentially private algorithms for convex empirical risk minimization. Various instantiations of this problem have been studied before. We provide new algorithms and matching lower bounds for private ERM assuming only that each data point's contribution to the loss function is Lipschitz bounded and that the domain of optimization is bounded. We provide a separate set of algorithms and matching lower bounds for the setting in which the loss functions are known to also be strongly convex. Our algorithms run in polynomial time, and in some cases even match the optimal non-private running time (as measured by oracle complexity). We give separate algorithms (and lower bounds) for $(\epsilon,0)$- and $(\epsilon,\delta)$-differential privacy; perhaps surprisingly, the techniques used for designing optimal algorithms in the two cases are completely different. Our lower bounds apply even to very simple, smooth function families, such as linear and quadratic functions. This implies that algorithms from previous work can be used to obtain optimal error rates, under the additional assumption that the contributions of each data point to the loss function is smooth. We show that simple approaches to smoothing arbitrary loss functions (in order to apply previous techniques) do not yield optimal error rates. In particular, optimal algorithms were not previously known for problems such as training support vector machines and the high-dimensional median.
Community-Based Validation of the Social Phobia Screener (SOPHS)

There is a need for brief, accurate screening scales for social anxiety disorder to enable better identification of the disorder in research and clinical settings. A five-item social anxiety screener, the Social Phobia Screener (SOPHS), was developed to address this need. The screener was validated in two samples: (a) 12,292 Australian young adults screened for a clinical trial, including 1,687 participants who completed a phone-based clinical interview and (b) 4,214 population-based Australian adults recruited online. The SOPHS (78% sensitivity, 72% specificity) was found to have comparable screening performance to the Social Phobia Inventory (77% sensitivity, 71% specificity) and Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (74% sensitivity, 73% specificity) relative to clinical criteria in the trial sample. In the population-based sample, the SOPHS was also accurate (95% sensitivity, 73% specificity) in identifying Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition social anxiety disorder. The SOPHS is a valid and reliable screener for social anxiety that is freely available for use in research and clinical settings.
Oral Subchronic Toxicity of a Lipid Extract from Roystonea regia Fruits in Mice

D-004 is a lipid extract of royal palm (Rosytonea regia) fruits that prevents prostate hyperplasia induced with testosterone in rodents. Previous studies have shown no D-004-related toxicity in rats, but no study in mice had been reported. D-004 (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) was evaluated in a subchronic (eight weeks) study in NMRI mice. No evidences of treatment-related toxicity were detected. Thus, body-weight gain, clinical observations, food consumption, blood biochemical, hematology, organ-weight ratios, and histopathological findings were similar in control and treated groups. This study supports that D-004 orally administered up to 2000 mg/kg did not induce treatment-related toxicity.
Measurement and Structural Invariance of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Hispanic and Caucasian Firefighters: A Bias-Corrected Bootstrap Confidence Intervals Approach

This study compared across Hispanic and Caucasian firefighters the relative fit of the four-factor Emotional Numbing and Dysphoria posttraumatic stress disorder models to the more recently proposed Dysphoric Arousal five-factor model. As hypothesized, the Dysphoric Arousal five-factor model emerged as the best fitting model within each ethnic group and it also showed measurement invariance between groups (configural invariance). Results of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses and a bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals analytic approach indicated that the five factor model also demonstrated invariance in factor loadings (metric invariance) and item-level intercepts (scalar invariance) across the two ethnic groups. Results indicate that the Dysphoric Arousal five factor model captures similar psychological constructs across Caucasian and English-speaking Hispanic firefighters. Therefore, observed factor scores are comparable across ethnic groups and can be combined when examining predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder severity.
Coronary risks after high‐dose γ‐globulin in children with Kawasaki disease

Abstract Objectives: The goals of the present study were to develop a predictive coronary risk scoring system after intravenous γ‐globulin (IVGG) therapy of any dose for the different preparations currently used in the treatment of children with Kawasaki disease and to determine the predictive value of the system. The previously reported scoring systems were based on treatment with high‐dose IVGG therapy at limited doses and were determined using investigative methods.
Future Directions for Work on Refinement of ADHD Assessment in Young Adults

Sibley, Coxe, and Molina provide a thoughtful discussion of the implications of our study and highlight important future directions in this line of work. They helpfully amplify several themes that space did not allow discussion of in our article. In particular, they correctly emphasize the importance of theoretical as well as statistical considerations in model selection. We also agree that clinical tests of sensitivity and specificity, taking into account different base rates and types of samples, are essential before a final algorithm would be ready for dissemination. However, we are not convinced that such tests should be limited to populations of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Rather, they should include those with and without diagnosed ADHD in order to provide comprehensive tests of reporter sensitivity and specificity across the entire continuum of ADHD symptomatology and in relation to different populations, including other disorders and typically developing populations.
Adaptation, Further Elaboration, and Validation of a Scale to Measure Hope as Perceived by People: Discriminant Value and Predictive Utility Vis-à-Vis Dispositional Hope

Against the background of different psychological conceptualizations of hope, this article elaborates and validates a measure to assess hope as perceived by the general public adapting it from the hope and optimism subscale of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Spirituality, Religion and Personal Beliefs Questionnaire. The results presented here are part of a yearly Internet-based cross-sectional survey in Germany and Switzerland called Hope-Barometer, from which 4 samples of 3 different years with about 17,500 participants have been used. Following the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as convergent validity, discriminant value, and predictive utility, our findings suggest that the six items of the resulting Perceived Hope Scale exhibits robust psychometric properties, and that perceived hope is distinct and broader than dispositional hope, in which it relates not only to cognitive but also to spiritual, religious, and altruistic dimensions.
The extent of forest in dryland biomes

Mapping the world's dry forests The extent of forest area in dryland habitats, which occupy more than 40% of Earth's land surface, is uncertain compared with that in other biomes. Bastin et al. provide a global estimate of forest extent in drylands, calculated from high-resolution satellite images covering more than 200,000 plots. Forests in drylands are much more extensive than previously reported and cover a total area similar to that of tropical rainforests or boreal forests. This increases estimates of global forest cover by at least 9%, a finding that will be important in estimating the terrestrial carbon sink. Science, this issue p. 635 Previously unreported forest areas in drylands increase the current estimate of global forest cover by at least 9%. Dryland biomes cover two-fifths of Earth’s land surface, but their forest area is poorly known. Here, we report an estimate of global forest extent in dryland biomes, based on analyzing more than 210,000 0.5-hectare sample plots through a photo-interpretation approach using large databases of satellite imagery at (i) very high spatial resolution and (ii) very high temporal resolution, which are available through the Google Earth platform. We show that in 2015, 1327 million hectares of drylands had more than 10% tree-cover, and 1079 million hectares comprised forest. Our estimate is 40 to 47% higher than previous estimates, corresponding to 467 million hectares of forest that have never been reported before. This increases current estimates of global forest cover by at least 9%.
Maladaptive Personality Trait Models: Validating the Five-Factor Model Maladaptive Trait Measures With the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and NEO Personality Inventory

Eight measures have been developed to assess maladaptive variants of the five-factor model (FFM) facets specific to personality disorders (e.g., Five-Factor Borderline Inventory [FFBI]). These measures can be used in their entirety or as facet-based scales (e.g., FFBI Affective Dysregulation) to improve the comprehensiveness of assessment of pathological personality. There are a limited number of studies examining these scales with other measures of similar traits (e.g., DSM-5 alternative model). The current study examined the FFM maladaptive scales in relation to the respective general personality traits of the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised and the pathological personality traits of the DSM-5 alternative model using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. The results indicated the FFM maladaptive trait scales predominantly converged with corresponding NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 traits, providing further validity for these measures as extensions of general personality traits and evidence for their relation to the pathological trait model. Benefits and applications of the FFM maladaptive scales in clinical and research settings are discussed.
Colloidally prepared La-doped BaSnO3 electrodes for efficient, photostable perovskite solar cells

Transporter layers for greater stability Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can have power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20%, they can have limited stability under ultraviolet irradiation. This is in part because the mesoporous TiO2 used as an electron-transporting layer can photocatalyze unwanted reactions in the perovskite layer. Shin et al. report a low-temperature colloidal method for depositing La-doped BaSnO3 films as a replacement for TiO2 to reduce such ultraviolet-induced damage. Solar cells retained over 90% of their initial performance after 1000 hours of full sun illumination. Science, this issue p. 167 Ultraviolet damage in perovskite photovoltaics induced by TiO2 in the electron-transporting layer can be avoided with La-doped BaSnO3. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exceeding a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20% have mainly been demonstrated by using mesoporous titanium dioxide (mp-TiO2) as an electron-transporting layer. However, TiO2 can reduce the stability of PSCs under illumination (including ultraviolet light). Lanthanum (La)–doped BaSnO3 (LBSO) perovskite would be an ideal replacement given its electron mobility and electronic structure, but LBSO cannot be synthesized as well-dispersible fine particles or crystallized below 500°C. We report a superoxide colloidal solution route for preparing a LBSO electrode under very mild conditions (below 300°C). The PSCs fabricated with LBSO and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) show a steady-state power conversion efficiency of 21.2%, versus 19.7% for a mp-TiO2 device. The LBSO-based PSCs could retain 93% of their initial performance after 1000 hours of full-Sun illumination.
Toward Establishing a Standard Symptom Set for Assessing Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Children: Evidence From Teacher Ratings in a Community Sample

Despite increasing interest in sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) in children, the field is stymied by the lack of a standard symptom set that can be used across studies. Without a standard symptom set, it is difficult to determine if differences across studies are due to methodological or sample differences, or simply the way SCT was measured. To move the field toward a standard symptom set, this study evaluates a teacher-report rating scale of SCT revised based on recent meta-analytic findings that identified optimal items for distinguishing SCT from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention (ADHD-IN). Participants were 1,349 students (50.7% male) from grades 2 to 5. Teachers provided ratings of SCT, ADHD-IN, academic impairment, and social impairment. Exploratory structural equation modeling found 15 of the 16 SCT items to demonstrate excellent convergent validity and discriminant validity with ADHD-IN. The measurement properties of the SCT construct were also invariant across sex. SCT was uniquely associated with both academic and social impairment above and beyond ADHD-IN and sex. Although replication and extension is needed, the current study provides the strongest evidence to date of a possible standard symptom set that can be used across studies examining SCT in children.
Breaking Lorentz reciprocity to overcome the time-bandwidth limit in physics and engineering

Resonant systems with high bandwidth The performance of an active system, whether it is optical, electrical, or mechanical, is often described by its quality (Q) factor. Typically, one learns the rule that the higher the Q factor, the sharper the resonance—that is, the bandwidth of the device is reduced. Tsakmakidis et al. show that this is indeed the case, but only for symmetric systems. However, for the case of asymmetric (or nonreciprocal) systems, the rule need not be obeyed. They show theoretically that the more asymmetric a system with high Q is, the wider the bandwidth can be. The effect raises the prospect of designing high-Q devices operating over large bandwidths. Science, this issue p. 1260 Asymmetric materials provide the prospect of designing high–quality-factor devices with high bandwidth. A century-old tenet in physics and engineering asserts that any type of system, having bandwidth Δω, can interact with a wave over only a constrained time period Δt inversely proportional to the bandwidth (Δt·Δω ~ 2π). This law severely limits the generic capabilities of all types of resonant and wave-guiding systems in photonics, cavity quantum electrodynamics and optomechanics, acoustics, continuum mechanics, and atomic and optical physics but is thought to be completely fundamental, arising from basic Fourier reciprocity. We propose that this “fundamental” limit can be overcome in systems where Lorentz reciprocity is broken. As a system becomes more asymmetric in its transport properties, the degree to which the limit can be surpassed becomes greater. By way of example, we theoretically demonstrate how, in an astutely designed magnetized semiconductor heterostructure, the above limit can be exceeded by orders of magnitude by using realistic material parameters. Our findings revise prevailing paradigms for linear, time-invariant resonant systems, challenging the doctrine that high-quality resonances must invariably be narrowband and providing the possibility of developing devices with unprecedentedly high time-bandwidth performance.
Survival cost of an intrasexually selected ornament in a damselfly

Ornaments could evolve as honest indicators of fighting ability, provided they have costs that make deceptive signalling unprofitable. I tested for such costs by manipulating the size of the intrasexually selected wing spots of male rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina americana) and monitoring survival in the field. Males with enlarged spots had higher mortality rates than both unmanipulated and sham–manipulated controls. Natural wing spot size correlated positively with longevity, which suggests that higher quality males develop larger spots.
Use of the Brief Shame and Guilt Questionnaire in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Adolescents

No assessment tools are available to measure shame and guilt in children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), while these self-conscious emotions might play a role in the frequently noted social and behavioral problems in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate the Brief Shame and Guilt Questionnaire (BSGQ) in DHH children. In addition, we examined associations of shame and guilt with social anxiety, self-esteem, delinquency, and psychopathic behaviors. A sum of 225 hearing (Mage = 11.62 years) and 108 DHH (Mage = 11.82 years) participants completed the self-report BSGQ. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure (i.e., shame and guilt) of the BSGQ in the DHH group. Measurement invariance was established across both groups. However, the DHH group reported lower levels of self-conscious emotions in comparison with the hearing group. The BSGQ showed good concurrent validity, where shame was associated with higher levels of social anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem, and guilt was associated with lower levels of delinquency and psychopathic behavior in both groups. Future research should investigate the potential behavioral consequences of lower reported levels of self-conscious emotions in DHH youth.