Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric false myeloperoxidase‐positive childhood B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Flow cytometric intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining of leukemic blasts is a useful tool in diagnosis of leukemia subtype. Interpretation of high MPO‐positivity can be a diagnostic challenge in B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). While very few such cases have been reported, high MPO positive B‐ALL cases without additional myeloid antigen positivity are suspect and require further investigation.
Archiving the self? Facebook as biography of social and relational memory

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the claim that online communication technologies are detrimental to off‐line communication practices.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on material from focus groups with students from the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), and in‐depth interviews from a mixture of employed people and students. The breakdown is as follows: three focus groups in total are ran, two cohorts of participants were students from University of Cambridge, and the third group from ARU. Six individuals aged between 21 and 36 were interviewed in‐depth on their Facebook use. Questions relating to personal use of Facebook are asked. All names of participants have been changed.Findings – The research findings show that opportunities for communication are increased by using Facebook. Facebook use also impacts on how other types of communicative technologies are used – such as the phone and email. From the small participant sample, it is founded (wit.
Narrow-band, band-pass filters with zig-zag, hairpin-comb resonators

"Hairpin-comb" filters have been previously shown to have special properties which are advantageous for the design of compact, narrow-band, band-pass microstrip filters. Herein, a new "zig-zag" form of hairpin-comb filter is introduced which is shown to have additional important advantages for designing compact narrow-band filters. Examples with computed and measured results are presented.
SrfJ, a Salmonella Type III Secretion System Effector Regulated by PhoP, RcsB, and IolR

ABSTRACT Virulence-related type III secretion systems are present in many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. These complex devices translocate proteins, called effectors, from the bacterium into the eukaryotic host cell. Here, we identify the product of srfJ, a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium gene regulated by SsrB, as a new substrate of the type III secretion system encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2. The N-terminal 20-amino-acid segment of SrfJ was recognized as a functional secretion and translocation signal specific for this system. Transcription of srfJ was positively regulated by the PhoP/PhoQ system in an SsrB-dependent manner and was negatively regulated by the Rcs system in an SsrB-independent manner. A screen for regulators of an srfJ-lacZ transcriptional fusion using the T-POP transposon identified IolR, the regulator of genes involved in myo-inositol utilization, as an srfJ repressor. Our results suggest that SrfJ is synthesized both inside the host, in response to intracellular conditions, and outside the host, in myo-inositol-rich environments.
MAGNITUDE, TENDÊNCIA E ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DA HANSENÍASE EM MENORES DE 15 ANOS NO ESTADO DA BAHIA, COM ENFOQUE EM ÁREAS DE RISCO: UM ESTUDO ECOLÓGICO

Objetivo: analisar a magnitude, a tendência e a espacialização da hanseníase em menores de 15 anos, com enfoque em áreas de risco, no estado da Bahia. Metodologia: Estudo ecológico, envolvendo todos os casos novos de hanseníase em menores de 15 anos, diagnosticados no estado da Bahia. Utilizou-se de dados secundário obtidos do Sistema Nacional de Agravos Notificáveis. Em seguida, os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando os softwares livres R e Terra View. Os índices Global e Local de Moran foram calculados. Resultados: A tendência de redução da carga da doença não é significativa (p>0.05). Foram diagnosticados 594 casos da doença no período estudado. A classificação operacional predominante foi a paucibacilar (61,4%) e a idade mais acometida foi entre 10 e 14 anos (68,7%). Na distribuição espacial, foi evidenciado que cinco municípios concentram 42,42% dos casos diagnosticados no período. O índice de Moran Global calculado indica a existência de dependência espacial positiva. O Box Map do índice Local de Moran calculado demonstra que 46 municípios são considerados prioritários. Conclusão: A hanseníase em menores de 15 anos ainda é um grave problema de saúde pública no estado da Bahia. E mais, a doença segue um padrão de agregado espacial, estando concentrada em regiões específicas do estado. Sugere-se que existam bolsões de sub-registro da doença.
Risk‐stratified intensive follow up for treated colorectal cancer – realistic and cost saving?

Objective Intensive follow‐up post surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) is thought to improve long‐term survival principally through the earlier detection of recurrent disease. This paper aims to calculate the additional resource and cost implications of intensive follow up post‐CRC resection, examine the possibility of risk‐stratifying this follow up to those at highest risk of recurrence and investigating the impact that population screening might have on the future cost and outcomes of follow up.
Rhinosporidiosis of the nose

RHINOSPORIDIOSIS is a rare disease and has been reported from certain parts of India, Ceylon, Africa, Italy, Brazil and Malaya. There was no record of its occurrence in the parts of undivided India which today comprise Pakistan. Its occurrence in Pakistan was reported for the first time by Khaleque (1963). Rhinosporidiosis of the nose has similar clinical features to other polypoidal masses and nasal tumours. Clinically it is very difficult to differentiate between these. The causative organism of rhinosporidiosis now known as Rhinosporidium seeberi was first demonstrated in nasal polypi from Argentina. The first case was reported by Malbran in 1892 and its detailed account was published by Guillermo Seeber in 1900. In 1894 O'Kinealy from India reported another case which was further studied by Minchin and Fantham in 1905. These workers independently made their observations and labelled it as parasitic infection. The name of the parasite was originally suggested as Rhinosporidium seeberi by Wernicke (1905) and Rhinosporidium kinealy by Minchin and Fantham (1905). Subsequent to the publication of nasal polypi due to Rhinosporidium seeberi {Rhinosporidium kinealy) a fair number of polypoidal growths in other parts of the body of man and also in animals due to this organism have also been reported. The first extra-nasal case is that of Beattie (1907) who discovered an aural polyp due to Rhinosporidial infection. Ingram (1910) reported two cases of conjunctival polypi and a rhinosporidial papilloma of penis. Elliot and Ingram (1912) reported two other cases of conjunctival polyp. Khaleque (1963) reported a case of polyp due to rhinosporidial infection. Kirkpatrick (1916) reported rhinosporidial infection of the lacrimal sac. Allen and Dave (1936) reported cases of warty non-ulcerative type of skin lesions. Zschokke (1913) and Ayyar (1923) found rhinosporidial polyp in the horse and cattle and these were named as Rhinosporidium equi and R. ayyari respectively. Besides these, there have been other subsequent publications from time to time. New case reports are of interest as the knowledge on the subject is still incomplete. Rhinosporidium belongs to lower fungi phycomycetes. Nothing is known as yet about its saprophytic life in nature. Rao (1938) had been successful in cultivating the fungus in sterile bovine dung at room temper-
Clinical Trial Design Issues in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease

The field of clinical trials and therapeutics in Alzheimer disease (AD) is little more than 20 years old. Considerable progress has been made in crafting appropriate designs for clinical trials of promising therapeutic agents for AD. This article reviews basic issues in diagnostic criteria, choice of outcome measures, duration of trials and analytic strategies. Through trial and error, a general set of strategies has evolved for the assessment of putative therapies for mild to moderate AD. The experience of the past 2 decades has set the stage for discovering the next generation of anti-AD drugs and introducing those therapies at milder stages of the disease.
Regulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis and Degradation in Normal and Pathophysiological States

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the human body. Its mass is controlled through a delicate balance of signaling pathways that stimulate anabolism or hypertrophy of muscle cells through the protein translation machinery or control catabolism or atrophy by inducing protein breakdown. The main regulator of hypertrophy is the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which both promotes protein synthesis through the activity of p70S6K, and inhibits the activities of Forkhead-O (FoxO) transcription factors that induce the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases, musclespecific RING finger-1 (MuRF-1), and atrogin1. In contrast, muscle atrophy is controlled by FoxO and other transcription factors such as NF-κB that stimulate the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase genes, as well as other pathways that activate calpain and lysosomal enzymes. Under physiological conditions, hypertrophy and atrophy responses contribute equally to maintain a proper balance of muscle cell size and tissue homeostasis. However, in the event of an atrophy condition, such as that obtained from prolonged inactivity or chronic disease, this delicate balance is compromised, leading to reduced muscle cell size and eventual weakness and fatigue.
Effects of Hand Phantom on Mobile Phone Antenna Performance

With the continuous trend to smaller mobile devices with more functionality and more wireless bands, the possible insufficient over-the-air (OTA) becomes a growing concern for service providers. In addition to reduced radiation efficiency by smaller antennas in smaller phones, the head and in particular the hand may further impair radiation performance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of the various parameters of the hand upon the OTA performance criteria to support the standardization process of the hand phantom and to provide the tools for optimization of handheld transmitters. The results reveal the following order of significance for small variations in hand parameters: 1) position of index finger; 2) distance between phone case and palm; 3) position of the other fingers; 4) size of the hand; 5) dielectric parameters; 6) wrist length and tilt. Some configurations may lead to a slight increase of the peak spatial SAR in the head. OTA assessment without the hand does not provide a good measure of phone performance in real life. However, good reproducibility of evaluations requires a precise definition of the hand, in particular its geometry and the phone position within the hand.
Polymicrobial Outbreak of Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis Peritonitis during External Wall Renovation at a Dialysis Center

Objective To investigate an outbreak of peritonitis in intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) patients. Design An outbreak investigation was performed to identify the etiology of the polymicrobial outbreak, and a retrospective case-control study was conducted to assess the risk factors for development of peritonitis. Setting Renal dialysis center. Patients Ten episodes of peritonitis occurred in 8 of 61 patients over a 6-month period in which 669 IPD procedures were analyzed. Interventions Field visit to renal dialysis center to examine the entire IPD procedure, inspect the hospital environment, and perform air bacterial count. Main Outcome Measures The environmental factors and risk factors contributing to the polymicrobial peritonitis outbreak in IPD patients. The incidence of IPD peritonitis was determined before and after interventions. Results The causative organisms included Acinetobacter baumanii (6), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1), Candida albicans (1), C. tropicalis (1), Enterococcus (3), and Enterobacteriaceae (2). Four episodes of peritonitis involved infection by more than one organism. Air sampling of the environment detected a median of 110 colony forming units of bacteria per cubic meter of air, 10% of which were found to be Acinetobacter baumanii. The source of this polymicrobial outbreak was attributed to the bamboo scaffolding structure covering the external wall of the hospital during renovation. A retrospective case-control study indicated that the absence of the flush-before-fill step was a risk factor for development of peritonitis. Conclusion In addition to invasive aspergillosis in transplant or oncology patients, Acinetobacter peritonitis in dialysis patients should be considered another microbial cause of outbreak associated with hospital renovation.
Evaluación de fungicidas contra antracnosis (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) en, maracuyá y diagnóstico de sus enfermedades fungosas en O lancho, Honduras

El maracuya (Passiflora edulis) es un cultivo nuevo en Olancho. El principal problema es la antracnosis y se desconocen otras enfermedades que afectan al cultivo. El estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar un control eficaz y rentable contra antracnosis, ademas cuantificar las enfermedades· existentes en Olancho.
Clinical factors related to schizophrenia relapse

Abstract Objective: Relapses represent one of the main problems of schizophrenia management. This article reviews the clinical factors associated with schizophrenia relapse. Methods: A research of the last 22 years of literature data was performed. Two-hundred nineteen studies have been included. Results: Three main groups of factors are related to relapse: factors associated with pharmacological treatment, add-on psychotherapeutic treatments and general risk factors. Overall, the absence of a maintenance therapy and treatment with first generation antipsychotics has been associated with higher risk of relapse. Further, psychotherapy add-on, particularly with cognitive behaviour therapy and psycho-education for both patients and relatives, has shown a good efficacy for reducing the relapse rate. Among general risk factors, some could be modified, such as the duration of untreated psychosis or the substance misuse, while others could not be modified as male gender or low pre-morbid level of functioning. Conclusion: Several classes of risk factors have been proved to be relevant in the risk of relapse. Thus, a careful assessment of the risk factors here identified should be performed in daily clinical practice in order to individualise the relapse risk for each patient and to provide a targeted treatment in high-risk subjects.
Characterization of Alterations in Carbohydrate Metabolism in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome

OBJECTIVE To study carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity and secretion in children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) compared with multifactorial obesity (MO) controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-five patients with PWS and 395 controls with MO were studied by oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin resistance (IR) and beta-cell function were assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), insulin glucose index, fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity index. RESULTS The incidence of diabetes mellitus was 0% in PWS and 1.5% in MO, while carbohydrate intolerance was 9.3% in the former group and 7.6% in the latter (NS); basal insulin level (12 +/- 8.2 vs 22.3 +/- 25 mU/ml) and HOMA-IR (2.47 +/- 1.6 vs 4.18 +/- 5.05) were lower in PWS (p = 0.004 and 0.04, respectively), whereas HOMA beta-cell index was lower in PWS than in MO (59 +/- 42 vs 102 +/- 119, p = 0.03). ISI Composite was higher in PWS compared to MO (6 +/- 5.7 vs 4.18 +/- 5.05, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Patients with PWS presented lower insulin resistance and a dissociation between beta-cell secretion and the degree of obesity.
Novel assay for simultaneous measurement of pyridine mononucleotides synthesizing activities allows dissection of the NAD+ biosynthetic machinery in mammalian cells

The redox coenzyme NAD+ is also a rate‐limiting co‐substrate for several enzymes that consume the molecule, thus rendering its continuous re‐synthesis indispensable. NAD+ biosynthesis has emerged as a therapeutic target due to the relevance of NAD+‐consuming reactions in complex intracellular signaling networks whose alteration leads to many neurologic and metabolic disorders. Distinct metabolic routes, starting from various precursors, are known to support NAD+ biosynthesis with tissue/cell‐specific efficiencies, probably reflecting differential expression of the corresponding rate‐limiting enzymes, i.e. nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinamide riboside kinase. Understanding the contribution of these enzymes to NAD+ levels depending on the tissue/cell type and metabolic status is necessary for the rational design of therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating NAD+ availability. Here we report a simple, fast and sensitive coupled fluorometric assay that enables simultaneous determination of the four activities in whole‐cell extracts and biological fluids. Its application to extracts from various mouse tissues, human cell lines and plasma yielded for the first time an overall picture of the tissue/cell‐specific distribution of the activities of the various enzymes. The screening enabled us to gather novel findings, including (a) the presence of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinamide riboside kinase in all examined tissues/cell lines, indicating that quinolinate and nicotinamide riboside are relevant NAD+ precursors, and (b) the unexpected occurrence of nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase in human plasma.
Testing structural-equivalence hypotheses in a network of geographical journals

Most clustering representations of journal-to-journal networks are static and pay little attention to the intellectual state of a discipline(s). The status-role hypothesis is no exception, notwithstanding its substantive grounding and confirmation for both psychologicaland sociological-journal networks at distinct time points. A critical test of this hypothesis is provided in a pair of geographical-journal networks for 1970-1972 and for 1980-1982. The latter was generated after a period of great change and intellectual ferment. As expected, the status-role hypothesis was confirmed for 1970-1972 but not for 1980-1982. This result indicates the need to consider wider disciplinary conditions when interpreting clustering representation of journal networks. It also implies a need to consider the time scale of the social processes of science. A related hypothesis of a centerperiphery structure for journal networks was confirmed for both periods,
Enhancing Dementia Care: A Primary Care–Based Memory Clinic

Memory clinics have been promoted as opportunities for improving dementia diagnosis and care. This article describes the implementation of an interdisciplinary memory clinic within primary care in Ontario, Canada, that aims to provide timely access to comprehensive assessment and care and to improve referring physicians' knowledge of the management of dementia through collaborative care and practice‐based mentorship. Between July 2006 and September 2009, 246 initial and follow‐up assessments were conducted with 151 patients, a high proportion of whom received a new diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (44.4%) or dementia (19.2%). A trial of cholinesterase inhibitors was recommended for almost all patients newly diagnosed with dementia. Management interventions and recommendations included social worker outreach, long‐term care planning, home safety or driving assessments, referral to community resources, and periodic follow‐up and monitoring. A small proportion of patients (7.8%) were referred to a specialist. Surveyed patients and caregivers were very satisfied with their visit to the clinic. A chart audit conducted by two independent geriatricians indicated agreement with diagnosis and intervention, particularly related to use of specialists. The results indicate that memory clinics within primary care settings can support capacity building to ensure quality assessment and management of dementia at a primary care level.
PAUSED Encodes the Arabidopsis Exportin-t Ortholog1

Los1p/exportin-t (XPOT) mediates the nuclear export of tRNAs in yeast and mammals. The requirements for this transport pathway are unclear, however, because los1 mutations do not affect yeast growth, and the phenotype of XPOT mutations in mammals is unknown. Here, we show that PAUSED (PSD) is the Arabidopsis ortholog of LOS1/XPOT and is capable of rescuing the tRNA export defect of los1 in Brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), suggesting that its function has been conserved. Putative null alleles of PSD disrupt the initiation of the shoot apical meristem and delay leaf initiation after germination, the emergence of the radicle and lateral roots, and the transition to flowering. Plants doubly mutant for psd and hasty, the Arabidopsis ortholog of exportin 5, are viable but have a more severe phenotype than either single mutant. These results suggest that PSD plays a role in tRNA export in Arabidopsis, but that at least one—and perhaps several—additional tRNA export pathways also exist. The PSD transcript is broadly expressed during development and is alternatively spliced in the 3′-untranslated region. No temporal or spatial difference in the abundance of different splice forms was observed. We propose that the mutant phenotype of psd reflects defects in developmental events and cell/tissue types that require elevated levels of protein synthesis and are therefore acutely sensitive to a reduction in tRNA export.
Can the Direct Medical Cost of Chronic Disease Be Transferred across Different Countries? Using Cost-of-Illness Studies on Type 2 Diabetes, Epilepsy and Schizophrenia as Examples

Objectives To systematically review cost of illness studies for schizophrenia (SC), epilepsy (EP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explore the transferability of direct medical cost across countries. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed to yield studies that estimated direct medical costs. A generalized linear model (GLM) with gamma distribution and log link was utilized to explore the variation in costs that accounted by the included factors. Both parametric (Random-effects model) and non-parametric (Boot-strapping) meta-analyses were performed to pool the converted raw cost data (expressed as percentage of GDP/capita of the country where the study was conducted). Results In total, 93 articles were included (40 studies were for T2DM, 34 studies for EP and 19 studies for SC). Significant variances were detected inter- and intra-disease classes for the direct medical costs. Multivariate analysis identified that GDP/capita (p<0.05) was a significant factor contributing to the large variance in the cost results. Bootstrapping meta-analysis generated more conservative estimations with slightly wider 95% confidence intervals (CI) than the parametric meta-analysis, yielding a mean (95%CI) of 16.43% (11.32, 21.54) for T2DM, 36.17% (22.34, 50.00) for SC and 10.49% (7.86, 13.41) for EP. Conclusions Converting the raw cost data into percentage of GDP/capita of individual country was demonstrated to be a feasible approach to transfer the direct medical cost across countries. The approach from our study to obtain an estimated direct cost value along with the size of specific disease population from each jurisdiction could be used for a quick check on the economic burden of particular disease for countries without such data.