Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Financial Literacy and Mathematics: A Study Among Young Mexican High School Students Alfabetismo Financiero y Matemáticas: Un Estudio entre Estudiantes Mexicanos de Preparatoria

Abstract This work analyzes the influence of mathematical skills on financial literacy among Mexican high school students between 15 and 18 years of age. We use data from a survey constructed explicitly for this purpose, based on measures suggested by Lusardi and Mitchell and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This is the first study of its kind for Mexican youths. Our results confirm that financial literacy levels among Mexican students are low. We offer evidence on the significant and positive impact of mathematical skills on financial literacy levels. Using an Ordered Probit model, we find that for every one unit increase in correct mathematical answers, the financial literacy level rises by 0.12 deviations. Intuitively, two additional correct mathematical answers translate into one-half of a point in the general OECD score. Our results are robust to different specifications for the explanatory variables and different estimation methods. Nevertheless, the study might have an endogeneity due to omitted variables or measurement error, for which we propose a method to correct it. The influence of mathematical skills remained significant and positive despite it. Resumen Este trabajo analiza la incidencia de las habilidades matematicas en el alfabetismo financiero en jovenes mexicanos entre 15 y 18 anos de edad asistiendo a la escuela preparatoria. Utilizamos informacion de una encuesta construida explicitamente para este objetivo y basada en medidas sugeridas por Lusardi y Mitchell y por la Organizacion para la Cooperacion Economica y el Desarrollo (OECD). Este es el primer estudio de su tipo para jovenes mexicanos. Nuestros resultados confirman que los niveles de alfabetismo financiero entre estudiantes mexicanos son bajos. Ofrecemos evidencia del impacto significativo y positivo de las habilidades matematicas en los niveles de alfabetismo financiero. Mediante el uso de un modelo Probit Ordenado encontramos que por cada aumento en una unidad en las respuestas correctas de matematicas, el nivel de alfabetismo financiero aumenta en 0.12 desviaciones. Intuitivamente, dos respuestas correctas adicionales en matematicas se traducen en medio punto en el puntaje general de la OECD. Nuestros resultados son robustos a diferentes especificaciones de las variables explicativas y distintas estimaciones. Sin embargo, el analisis puede presentar problemas de endogeneidad debido a la omision de variables o errores de medicion, para lo cual proponemos un metodo para corregir el problema. El efecto de las habilidades matematicas se mantiene.
Understanding (with) Toy Models

Toy models are highly idealized and extremely simple models. Although they are omnipresent across scientific disciplines, toy models are a surprisingly under-appreciated subject in the philosophy of science. The main philosophical puzzle regarding toy models concerns what the epistemic goal of toy modelling is. One promising proposal for answering this question is the claim that the epistemic goal of toy models is to provide individual scientists with understanding. The aim of this article is to precisely articulate and to defend this claim. In particular, we will distinguish between autonomous and embedded toy models, and then argue that important examples of autonomous toy models are sometimes best interpreted to provide how-possibly understanding, while embedded toy models yield how-actually understanding, if certain conditions are satisfied. 1 Introduction 2 Embedded and Autonomous Toy Models 2.1 Embedded toy models 2.2 Autonomous toy models 2.3 Qualification 3 A Theory of Understanding for Toy Models 3.1 Preliminaries and requirements 3.2 The refined simple view 4 Two Kinds of Understanding with Toy Models 4.1 Embedded toy models and how-actually understanding 4.2 Against a how-actually interpretation of all autonomous toy models 4.3 The how-possibly interpretation of some autonomous toy models 5 Conclusion 1 Introduction 2 Embedded and Autonomous Toy Models 2.1 Embedded toy models 2.2 Autonomous toy models 2.3 Qualification 2.1 Embedded toy models 2.2 Autonomous toy models 2.3 Qualification 3 A Theory of Understanding for Toy Models 3.1 Preliminaries and requirements 3.2 The refined simple view 3.1 Preliminaries and requirements 3.2 The refined simple view 4 Two Kinds of Understanding with Toy Models 4.1 Embedded toy models and how-actually understanding 4.2 Against a how-actually interpretation of all autonomous toy models 4.3 The how-possibly interpretation of some autonomous toy models 4.1 Embedded toy models and how-actually understanding 4.2 Against a how-actually interpretation of all autonomous toy models 4.3 The how-possibly interpretation of some autonomous toy models 5 Conclusion
Suitability of Vermiculite and Rice Husk Ash as Raw Materials for Production of Ceramic Tiles

The challenging issues in ceramic tiles are low mechanical strength, thermal discomfort and high production costs. And in most efforts to improve strength, emphasis has been placed on minimization of quartz content in the ceramic tiles formula. This is due to β-α phase inversion of quartz which occurs at 573°C during cooling resulting to the development of stresses which initiate fracture and affects the strength of the final body. The objective of this work was to evaluate the possibility of using vermiculite and rice husk ash (RHA) in the composition of ceramic tile body. Initially, a typical ceramic body composed of the mixture of vermiculite and RHA batched with clay, feldspar, quartz and kaolin was prepared. Ceramic bodies were then obtained from this ceramic mixture by pressing samples at a forming pressure of 35MPa. These bodies were then fired at 1180°C in a laboratory furnace and finally the changes in the physical and mechanical properties caused by the introduction of vermiculite and RHA were tested and evaluated. The chemical composition of the raw samples was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) while the phase composition was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the powdered samples was studied by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bulk density and open porosity of the sintered ceramic bodies were evaluated using Archimedes ‘principle while the flexural rupture strength was determined by the three point bending test method. The major chemical compounds in vermiculite raw sample were SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 while RHA sample was found to contain mainly SiO2. From the XRD analysis, vermiculite sample had crystalline vermiculite while RHA sample had amorphous silica at low temperature below 900°C and crystallized (tridymite) above 900°C. The results from physical and mechanical properties tests show that with addition of vermiculite and RHA, the percentage of porosity, water absorption and linear shrinkage were increasing while the bulk density and bending strength of the fired ceramic bodies decreased. Among the studied compositions tile bodies made from a blend containing 20% wt. vermiculite and 5% wt. RHA were found to have the best properties for ceramic tiles applications. For this combination the percentage of porosity, water absorption and linear shrinkage were 12.08%, 7.60% and 3.29% while the bulk density and bending strength were 1.88 g/cm3 and 18.84 MPa respectively. These values were close to the required standards of wall and floor tiles.
Impact of Participation in Sport for All on Leisure Satisfaction, Psychological Wellbeing and Subjective Wellbeing

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of participation in sport for all on leisure satisfaction, psychological wellbeing and subjective wellbeing in an attempt to make a contribution to the leisure satisfaction, psychological wellbeing and subjective wellbeing of people enjoying sport for all. The subjects in this study were 200 people who were selected by convenience sampling from a population of male and female adults who participated in sport for all in Gangwon Province. The statistical package SPSS 11.0 was employed to make a frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study were as follows: First, participation in sport for all had a statistically significant impact on leisure satisfaction. Those who more participated in sport for all expressed more satisfaction with their leisure life. Second, leisure satisfactionexerted a statistically significant influence on psychological wellbeing. Third, leisure satisfaction affected subjective wellbeing in a statistically significant way. The findings of the study indicated that the leisure satisfaction of those who participated in sport for all exercised a great physical and mental influence on themselves. Those who don`t participate in sport for all should steadily be advised to do that, and the national and local governments should develop a wide variety of sport-for-all programs to let everybody lead a better life by enjoying sport for all.
Improved distances and ages for stars common to TGAS and RAVE

Funding for the research in this study came from the Swedish National Space Board, the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund, and some of the computations were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc under project SNIC 2016/4-17. Funding for RAVE has been provided by: the Australian Astronomical Observatory; the Leibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP); the Australian National University; the Australian Research Council; the French National Research Agency; the German Research Foundation (SPP 1177 and SFB 881); the European Research Council (ERC-StG 240271 Galactica); the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica at Padova; The Johns Hopkins University; the National Science Foundation of the USA (AST-0908326); the W. M. Keck foundation; the Macquarie University; the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding No. P1-0188); the Swiss National Science Foundation; the Science & Technology Facilities Council of the UK; Opticon; Strasbourg Observatory; and the Universities of Groningen, Heidelberg and Sydney. The RAVE web site is https://www.rave-survey.org. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.
Association Between the ERCC 1 Polymorphisms and Glioma Risk : A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Objective: Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes have been shown to influence DNA repair processes and to modify cancer susceptibility. Published data regarding the association between excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency complementation group1 (ERCC1) polymorphisms and glioma risk have been inconsistent and inconclusive. To acquire a more precise effect of the association between these polymorphisms and glioma risk, a meta-analysis was performed. Methods: Data was collected in PubMed and EMBASE, with the last search up to 30th August 2013. A total of 6 studies were identified with 2642 cases and 3669 controls for ERCC1 C8092A polymorphism, and 4 studies were identified with 1390 cases and 1546 controls for ERCC1 C118T polymorphism. All of the statistical analyses were performed using statistical data 10.0. Results: The combined results showed that ERCC1 C8092A polymorphism was associated with glioma risk (additive model: OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02 1.20; recessive model: OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.24 1.85; co-dominant model AA vs. CC: OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.24 1.86). As for ethnicity subgroup analysis, ERCC1 C8092A polymorphism was associated with increased glioma risk among Chinese(additive model: OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 1.30; recessive model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.02 1.75; AA vs. CC: OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.03 1.81), and so among Caucasian except additive model(recessive model: OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.31 2.34; co-dominant model AA vs. CC: OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.27 2.29). No evidence of an association of ERCC1 C118T polymorphism with glioma was found. Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggested that ERCC1 C8092A polymorphism might be associated with the increased risk of glioma, whereas ERCC1 C118T polymorphism might have no influence on the susceptibility of glioma.
Themes of Facebook Status Updates and Levels of Online Disclosure: The Case of University Students

This paper presents an analysis of the status updates generated by Saudi university students on their profiles along with their levels of disclosure. Indeed, this study conducted thematic and quantitative content analyses of profiles of a sample of 50 students to explore the status updates they generated and the types of information they disclosed. Analysis of Saudi university students’ Facebook usage revealed 16 distinctive themes of status updates. These themes most often related to communication with friends and discussion of social, religious, and political issues. An analysis of the information disclosed on their profiles also revealed that Saudi students disclosed much of their personal information.
Breast cancer awareness and practice of breast self examination among women in Adiabo community in Odukpani local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria

Introduction: Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the cell of the breast and continues to remain the most lethal malignancy in women across the world. The purpose of the study was to investigate breast cancer awareness and practice of breast self examination among women in Adiabo Community in Odukpani Local Government Area. Methods: The study adopted a cross sectional design. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select 345 women used in the study. Questionnaire was instrument for data collection and the chi-square test analysis was used to test the relationship between variables. Results: One hundred and sixty (46.4%) respondents were aware of breast cancer and 155(45%) respondents were aware of breast self examination. One hundred and fifty (43.5%) respondents practised breast self examination. Findings also revealed a positive significant association between breast cancer awareness and practice of breast self examination. Conclusions: The study concluded that there was low awareness of breast cancer and inadequate practice of breast self examination by respondents. It was recommended that emphasis should be placed on importance of breast self examination as a key factor in the early detection of breast cancer among women in rural communities.
Effects of site and genotype on strawberry fruits quality traits and bioactive compounds

Site effects on the main active and putative health-promoting compounds of strawberry were investigated using 5 strawberry genotypes. The plants were grown at three locations in Italy (Verona and Cesena in the North and Scanzano Jonico in the South) of differing latitude, environmental conditions (temperature) and crop management practices (planting date, plant type, harvest duration, yield per plant and per day) influencing fruits quality traits. At each site, fruits for analysis were picked at mid harvest (50% of total estimated yield) during the peak April-May marketing season, a mid-harvest window when consumers can choose fruits from both northern and southern districts. Yield per plant and fruits total soluble solids, titratable acidity, flesh firmness, skin colour, antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, total phenols, total anthocyanins and phenolic compounds were determined. Genotype × site × climatic factors and cultivation technique interaction significantly affected yield per plant and almost all fruits quality traits. Given the longer harvest period and, hence, lower yield per day in the South, the fruits of this site were sweeter and of higher ascorbic acid and anthocyanin contents than that grown at the two North sites; the Verona fruits registered the highest acidity and antioxidant capacity. Fruits size and colour were unaffected by site. Soluble solids and ascorbic acid were negatively correlated to plant yield per day. A significant negative correlation between total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols and fruits size was found. The main anthocyanin (pelargonidin-3-glucoside) was correlated to both total anthocyanin and total antioxidant capacity. Our overall data show that site-specific environmental conditions, especially in regard to the length of the climate-induced harvest window, and crop management practices affected fruits quality traits.
The effect of temperature on the coupling between phosphorus and growth in lacustrine bacterioplankton communities

Phosphorus (P) routinely limits microbial growth in freshwater ecosystems. The growth rate hypothesis (GRH) relates growth to biomass P content mechanistically through changes in ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA). Although the GRH has been shown in cultured bacteria, less well understood is how GRH relationships are affected by interactions with environmental parameters such as temperature. To address this, we evaluated the relationship between bacterial biomass P, RNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ratio, and growth rate in 47 northern temperate lakes. Although RNA:DNA ratio was positively correlated with bacterial biomass P : carbon (C), we found no correlation between growth rate and RNA:DNA or between growth rate and biomass P : C. There was, however, a significant effect of temperature on biomass P : C. We investigated the effect of temperature more directly using filter‐separated bacterial communities from two lakes during two seasons while experimentally manipulating temperature and resources. For the summer communities, bacterial production (BP) and biomass P were positively correlated, and the slope of that relationship increased with increasing temperature. In winter communities, BP and biomass P were again positively correlated; however, the slope of that relationship decreased with increasing temperature. The slope of the relationship between BP and biomass P is a metric of nutrient use efficiency and was strongly influenced by temperature. More importantly, bacterioplankton demonstrated seasonal acclimation or adaptation to in situ temperature, suggesting that studies evaluating multiple communities in time and space fail to find a clear relationship between temperature and bacterial metabolism because bacterial communities are locally adapted to in situ temperature.
Ecophysiological modeling of photosynthesis and carbon allocation to the tree stem in the boreal forest

Abstract. A better understanding of the coupling between photosynthesis and carbon allocation in the boreal forest, together with its associated environmental factors and mechanistic rules, is crucial to accurately predict boreal forest carbon stocks and fluxes, which are significant components of the global carbon budget. Here, we adapted the MAIDEN ecophysiological forest model to consider important processes for boreal tree species, such as nonlinear acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature changes, canopy development as a function of previous-year climate variables influencing bud formation and the temperature dependence of carbon partition in summer. We tested these modifications in the eastern Canadian taiga using black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) gross primary production and ring width data. MAIDEN explains 90 % of the observed daily gross primary production variability, 73 % of the annual ring width variability and 20–30 % of its high-frequency component (i.e., when decadal trends are removed). The positive effect on stem growth due to climate warming over the last several decades is well captured by the model. In addition, we illustrate how we improve the model with each introduced model adaptation and compare the model results with those of linear response functions. Our results demonstrate that MAIDEN simulates robust relationships with the most important climate variables (those detected by classical response-function analysis) and is a powerful tool for understanding how environmental factors interact with black spruce ecophysiology to influence present-day and future boreal forest carbon fluxes.
The Association between Sexual Harassment and Suicidality Among College Women

v Introduction 1 Sexual Harassment 1 Gender and Sexual Harassment 3 Prevalence of Gender and Sexual Harassment 4 Negative Consequences of Sexual Harassment 10 Suicidality 11 Theories of Suicidal Behavior 13 Isolation 17 Avoidant Response Style 19 Hypotheses 20 Method 23 Participants 23 Measures 23 Demographics 23 Sexual Harassment 24 Response Style 25 Isolation 25 Thwarted Belongingness 26 Suicidality 27 Procedure 28 Data Analysis 29 Results 32 Descriptive Statistics 32 Sexual Experiences Questionnaire 32 Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale 33 Ostracism Experiences Scale 34 Interpersonal Questionnaire-Thwared Belongingness Sub-scale 35 Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory 35 Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire 36 Hypothesis Testing 37 Hypothesis 1: Sexual harassment and suicidality correlations 37
Procrastination : Rethinking Trait Models

The purpose of the present study is to examine the reciprocal relationship between procrastination and neuroticism depending on conscientiousness and negative life events within the scope of a non-recursive model. The study was carried out during the 2011-2012 academic year on 677 teacher candidates (363 females, 302 males) attending the Art and Design Faculty of Gazi University. The participants were administered the Personality Test Based on Adjectives (Bacanlı et al., 2007), the General Procrastination Scale (Çakıcı, 2003), and the Life Events Inventory (Dinç, 2001). The results of this study indicated that there was a positive reciprocal relationship between neuroticism and procrastination, and that conscientiousness was negatively correlated with procrastination whereas negative life events were positively correlated with neuroticism. Also, the indirect effects of conscientiousness on neuroticism and of negative life events on procrastination were found to be statistically significant.
The biological evolution of conscience – from parent-offspring conflict to morality

Abstract In this paper, two theories regarding the biological evolution of morality with conscience as its central regulatory agency are compared and contrasted. One theory (“navigator theory”) interprets conscience as a strategically operating agency for the optimum balance between selfish and altruistic behavioral tendencies to maximize gains in cooperation in view of social complexity. From this standpoint, conscience serves the evolved self-interest of the person having a conscience. In contrast hereto, the second theory (“helper theory”) locates the evolutionary origins of conscience on the battlefield of the parent- offspring conflict through intrafamilial demands for altruism. Functions of conscience, and thus human morality in a narrower sense, evolved during the transition of hominines to cooperative breeding and the novel helper conflict emerging through this evolution. The “helper theory” of the evolution of conscience can resolve some of the theoretical and empirical inconsistencies of the conventional “navigator theory”, in particular, the contradiction between the consequentialistic regulation of altruistic behavior and the non-consequentialistic nature of the judgment of conscience. And in contrast to the “navigator theory”, it is compatible with the observation that behavior guided by a conscience is not infrequently disastrous for one’s own fitness outcome.