Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations in length, dry weight, carbon and nitrogen of Calanus helgolandicus from the Celtic Sea

Les variations saisonnieres du poids sec peuvent s'exprimer en termes des resultats de Vidal (Mar. Biol., 1980, 56, 111-34) qui lie le taux de croissance et la vitesse de developpement a la taille du corps, a la quantite de ressources alimentaires et a la temperature
Level of activation of the unfolded protein response correlates with Paneth cell apoptosis in human small intestine exposed to ischemia/reperfusion.

BACKGROUND & AIMS In the intestine, Paneth cells participate in the innate immune response. Their highly secretory function makes them susceptible to environmental conditions that cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We investigated whether intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induces ER stress, thereby activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), and whether excessive UPR activation affects Paneth cells. In addition, we investigated the consequences of Paneth cell compromise during physical barrier damage. METHODS Jejunal I/R was studied using a human experimental model (n = 30 patients). Activation of the UPR was assessed using immunofluorescence for binding protein and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses for C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible protein 34 (GADD34), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) splicing. Paneth cell apoptosis was assessed by double staining for lysozyme and M30. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either intestinal I/R to investigate UPR activation and Paneth cell apoptosis, or hemorrhagic shock with or without intraperitoneal administration of dithizone, to study consequences of Paneth cell compromise during physical intestinal damage. In these animals, bacterial translocation and circulating tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels were assessed. RESULTS In jejunum samples from humans and rats, I/R activated the UPR and resulted in Paneth cell apoptosis. Apoptotic Paneth cells showed signs of ER stress, and Paneth cell apoptosis correlated with the extent of ER stress. Apoptotic Paneth cells were shed into the crypt lumen, significantly lowering their numbers. In rats, Paneth cell compromise increased bacterial translocation and inflammation during physical intestinal damage. CONCLUSIONS ER stress-induced Paneth cell apoptosis contributes to intestinal I/R-induced bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation.
Scrub typhus in rural Rajasthan and a review of other Indian studies

Abstract Background: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness which has been reported from various parts of India with Rajasthan recently joining the list of affected states. Aim: To report a series of paediatric scrub typhus cases from rural Rajasthan. Study design: Retrospective review of children with scrub typhus admitted to the wards and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary-care hospital. Methods: The study was undertaken over an 8-month period from May to December 2013. All patients with a clinical presentation and/or serological confirmation of scrub typhus who tested negative for malaria, enteric fever, dengue, leptospirosis and urinary tract infection (UTI) were included. A range of investigations were undertaken including IgM-ELISA for scrub typhus, followed by appropriate medical management. Results: Thirty patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The mean (SD, range) age of the patients was 8·56 (3·43, 3–16) years. The most common clinical features were fever (n = 30, 100%), headache (n = 20, 66%), myalgia (n = 15, 50%), hepatosplenomegaly (n = 18, 60%) and pallor (n = 5, 16%). Typical features such as eschar and rash were observed in only one (3·3%) and three (10%) patients, respectively; none had generalised lymphadenopathy or conjunctival congestion. IgM-ELISA for scrub typhus was positive in 28 patients (93·3%) and 27 responded to doxycycline within 24–72 hours. One of the three patients who required PICU support responded to intravenous chloramphenicol and, of the other two (6·6%), one died of acute respiratory distress syndrome and the other owing to acute renal failure. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis and prevention of complications in scrub typhus together with prompt referral from rural areas to a higher centre. Awareness of the disease manifestations may further help to prevent excessive investigations in patients presenting with non-specific febrile illness and reduce the economic burden to the family and society in resource-constrained settings.
New aspects of rabies with emphasis on epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of the disease in the United States

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.166 THE VIRUS . 166 EPIDEMIOLOGY.167 CLINICAL DISEASE . 171 DIAGNOSIS . 173 PREVENTION AND CONTROL.173 Humans . 173 Domestic Animals . 173 Wildlife . 174 FUTURE DIRECTIONS . 175 REFERENCES . 175
Mining the gene repertoire and ESTs for G protein‐coupled receptors with evolutionary perspective

The purpose of this article was to review recent progress in mining the gene repertoire and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for the super‐family of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the form of a proceeding from the Nordic GPCR meeting held at the Nobel Forum, Karolinska Institute in August 2006. We update and give an overview of the expansion of the main families of GPCRs; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled and Secretin (GRAFS) in perspective of fully sequenced genomes. We look into the most recent findings including the work that has been carried out on the spotted green puffer fish (Tetraodon nigroviridis), mouse (Mus musculus), chicken (Gallus gallus), slime mold (Dictyostelium discoideum) and the plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea. We use examples from our recent work on chicken GPCRs to highlight the importance of detailed assembly and curation of sequences and how that can affect percentage similarity and phylogeny. ESTs can give valuable information about expression patterns. GPCRs have comparatively low numbers of EST suggesting that GPCRs are in generally expressed in lower amount than other genes. We discuss similarities in the evolution of the trace amine associated receptors with other sensory receptors.
Effect of recombinant factor VIIa on the hemostatic defect in dogs with hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and von Willebrand disease.

Recombinant factor VIIa (rF.VIIa) is a two-chain procoagulant enzyme (Mr, approximately 50,000) active only when complexed with tissue factor in the extrinsic clotting system. We administered human rF.VIIa to hemophilic and von Willebrand disease (vWD) dogs to determine its hemostatic effectiveness and survival in the circulation. Hemophilia A dogs lacking factor VIII demonstrated an immediate increase in plasma rF. VIIa and prompt stoppage of hemorrhage at bleeding time (BT) sites. In seven studies in two dogs, the range of dose of rF. VIIa was 50-220 micrograms/kg, with an apparent 7- to 11-fold increase in plasma factor VII and a mean recovery in plasma of 34%. The t1/2 was 2.8 +/- 0.5 hr. The BT was normalized except in an animal given the minimum dose. In four studies in two hemophilia B dogs lacking factor IX, BT was normalized. The elevation in plasma factor VII was by a factor of 8-30, with a mean recovery of rF.VIIa in plasma of 44%. In two studies in a homozygous vWD dog lacking von Willebrand factor, which is needed for platelet function, BT was not corrected even though large doses of rF. VIIa were given. The human rF. VIIa protein was immunogenic for dogs. These studies indicate that factor VIIa corrects the hemostatic defect in dogs with hemophilia A and B, diseases primarily of the intrinsic clotting system, but does not correct the hemostatic defect in vWD.
Controlled lung reperfusion to reduce pulmonary ischaemia/reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in a porcine model.

OBJECTIVES Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the lungs contributes to pulmonary dysfunction after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), leading to increased morbidity and mortality of patients. This study investigated the value of controlled lung reperfusion strategies on lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury in a porcine CPB model. METHODS Pigs were subjected to routine CPB for 120 min with 60 min of blood cardioplegic cardiac arrest (CCA). Following CCA, the uncontrolled reperfusion (UR, n = 6) group was conventionally weaned from CPB. Two groups underwent controlled lung reperfusion strategies (CR group: controlled reperfusion conditions, n = 6; MR group: controlled reperfusion conditions and modified reperfusate, n = 6) via the pulmonary artery before CPB weaning. Sham-operated pigs (n = 7) served as controls. Animals were followed up until 4 h after CPB. Pulmonary function, haemodynamics, markers of inflammation, endothelial injury and oxidative stress as well as morphological lung alterations were analysed. RESULTS CPB (UR group) induced deterioration of pulmonary function (lung mechanics, oxygenation index and lung oedema). Also, controlled lung reperfusion groups (CR and MR) presented with pulmonary dysfunction after CPB. However, compared with UR, controlled lung reperfusion strategies (CR and MR) improved lung mechanics and reduced markers of oxidative stress, but without alteration of haemodynamics, oxygenation, inflammation, endothelial injury and lung morphology. Both controlled reperfusion groups were similar without relevant differences. CONCLUSION Controlled lung reperfusion strategies attenuated a decrease in lung mechanics and an increase in oxidative stress, indicating an influence on CPB-related pulmonary injury. However, they failed to avoid completely CPB-related lung injury, implying the need for additional strategies given the multifactorial pathophysiology of postoperative pulmonary dysfunction.
Subjective Age and Its Correlates Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

The present study evaluates discrepancies in subjective age as reported by middle-age persons (aged 44–64 years) in comparison to older adults (aged 65 years and older), using a multidimensional definition of the concept. A convenience sample of 126 middle-aged and 126 older adults completed subjective age measures (felt age, desired age, and perceived old age), attitudes toward older adults, knowledge about aging, and sociodemographic questionnaires. Overall, participants reported feeling younger than they actually were and wanting to be younger than their chronological age. Perceived mean for old age was about 69 years. Discrepancies in felt age and desired age were significantly larger for the older group compared to the middle-aged group. Regarding perceived old age, compared to the younger group, older adults reported that old age begins at an older age. Findings suggest that middle-aged and older adults’ perceptions regarding themselves and regarding old age in general are independent and need, therefore, separate research and practical attention.
Psychiatric comorbidity, suicidality, and in-home firearm access among a nationally representative sample of adolescents.

IMPORTANCE Suicide is the second leading cause of death among US adolescents, and in-home firearm access is an independent risk factor for suicide. Given recommendations to limit firearm access by those with mental health risk factors for suicide, we hypothesized that adolescents with such risk factors would be less likely to report in-home firearm access. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of self-reported in-home firearm access among US adolescents, to quantify the lifetime prevalence of mental illness and suicidality (ie, suicidal ideation, planning, or attempt) among adolescents living with a firearm in the home, and to compare the prevalence of in-home firearm access between adolescents with and without specific mental health risk factors for suicide. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement, a nationally representative survey of 10,123 US adolescents (age range, 13-18 years) who were interviewed between February 2001 and January 2004 (response rate 82.9%). EXPOSURES Risk factors for suicide, including a history of any mental health disorder, suicidality, or any combination of the 2. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-reported access to a firearm in the home. RESULTS One in three respondents (2778 [29.1%]) of the weighted survey sample reported living in a home with a firearm and responded to a question about firearm access; 1089 (40.9%) of those adolescents reported easy access to and the ability to shoot that firearm. Among adolescents with a firearm in home, those with access were significantly more likely to be older (15.6 vs 15.1 years), male (70.1% vs 50.9%), of non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity (86.6% vs 78.3%), and living in high-income households (40.0% vs 31.8%), and in rural areas (28.1% vs 22.6%) (P < .05 for all). Adolescents with firearm access also had a higher lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse (10.1% vs 3.8%, P < .001) and drug abuse (11.4% vs 6.9%, P < .01) compared with those without firearm access. In multivariable analyses, adolescents with a history of mental illness without a history of suicidality (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.13; 95% CI, 0.98-1.29) and adolescents with a history of suicidality with or without a history of mental illness (PR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.96-1.51) were as likely to report in-home firearm access as those without such histories. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Adolescents with risk factors for suicide were just as likely to report in-home firearm access as those without such risk factors. Given that firearms are the second most common means of suicide among adolescents, further attention to developing and implementing evidence-based strategies to decrease firearm access in this age group is warranted.
Low antibiotic resistance rates in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp but not in Enterobacter spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a prospective observational study in 14 Swedish ICUs over a 5‐year period

Background: Intensive care units (ICUs) are hot zones for emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance because of frequent invasive procedures, antibiotic usage and transmission of bacteria. We report prospective data on antibiotic use and bacterial resistance from 14 academic and non‐academic ICUs, participating in the ICU‐STRAMA programme 1999–2003.
Exercise in myasthenia gravis: A feasibility study of aerobic and resistance training

Introduction: It has not been established whether progressive resistance training (PRT) and aerobic training (AT) are feasible and efficient in myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: Fifteen subjects with generalized MG (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification II–IV) were randomly assigned to 20 training sessions during 8 weeks of either PRT or AT. Feasibility was evaluated based on adherence, drop‐out rate, adverse events, and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score. Results: Twelve subjects (MGFA II, n = 11; MGFA III, n=1) completed the intervention with a mean adherence of 95 % ± 8. One dropout (PRT) could potentially be related to PRT. Both groups reported adverse events, including bulbar symptoms (n = 2) and increased fatigue (n = 3), but no change in QMG score was observed in either group. The PRT group showed increases in maximal strength and functional capacity. Conclusions: Eight weeks of moderate to high intensity AT and PRT were feasible for most patients with mild MG. Maximal strength and functional capacity increased in the PRT group. Muscle Nerve 56: 700–709, 2017
EXTENDED SCHMIDT LAW: ROLE OF EXISTING STARS IN CURRENT STAR FORMATION

We propose an “extended Schmidt law” with explicit dependence of the star formation efficiency (SFE = SFR/Mgas) on the stellar mass surface density (Σstar). This relation has a power-law index of 0.48 ± 0.04 and a 1σ observed scatter on the SFE of 0.4 dex, which holds over five orders of magnitude in the stellar density for individual global galaxies, including various types and especially the low-surface-brightness (LSB) galaxies that deviate significantly from the Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) law. When applying it to regions of a sample of 12 spiral galaxies at sub-kiloparsec resolution, the extended Schmidt law not only holds for LSB regions but also shows significantly smaller scatters both within and across galaxies compared with the KS law. We argue that this new relation points to the role of existing stars in regulating the SFE, thus better encoding the star formation physics. Comparison with physical models of star formation recipes shows that the extended Schmidt law can be reproduced by some models including gas free fall in a stellar-gravitational potential and pressure-supported star formation. By implementing this new law into the analytic model of gas accretion in ΛCDM, we show that it can reproduce the observed main sequence of star-forming galaxies (a relation between the SFR and stellar mass) from z = 0 up to z = 2.
Stereotactic radiosurgery boost to the resection bed for oligometastatic brain disease: challenging the tradition of adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy.

OBJECT Whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) has been the traditional approach to minimize the risk of intracranial recurrence following resection of brain metastases, despite its potential for late neurotoxicity. In 2007, the authors demonstrated an equivalent local recurrence rate to WBRT by using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to the operative bed, sparing 72% of their patients WBRT. They now update their initial experience with additional patients and more mature follow-up. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of all cases involving patients with limited intracranial metastatic disease (< or = 4 lesions) treated at their institution with SRS to the operative bed following resection. No patient had prior cranial radiation and WBRT was used only for salvage. RESULTS From November 2000 to June 2009, 52 patients with a median age of 61 years met inclusion criteria. A single metastasis was resected in each patient. Thirty-four of the patients each had 1 lesion, 13 had 2 lesions, 3 had 3 lesions, and 2 had 4 lesions. A median dose of 1500 cGy (range 800-1800 cGy) was delivered to the resection bed targeting a median volume of 3.85 cm(3) (range 0.08-22 cm(3)). With a median follow-up of 13 months, the median survival was 15.0 months. Four patients (7.7%) had a local recurrence within the surgical site. Twenty-three patients (44%) ultimately developed distant brain recurrences at a median of 16 months postresection, and 16 (30.7%) received salvage WBRT (8 for diffuse disease [> 3 lesions], 4 for local recurrence, and 4 for diffuse progression following salvage SRS). The median time to WBRT administration postresection was 8.7 months (range 2-43 months). On univariate analysis, patient factors of a solitary tumor (19.0 vs 12 months, p = 0.02), a recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) Class I (21 vs 13 months, p = 0.03), and no extracranial disease on presentation (22 vs 13 months, p = 0.01) were significantly associated with longer survival. Cox multivariate analysis showed a significant association with longer survival for the patient factors of no extracranial disease on presentation (p = 0.01) and solitary intracranial metastasis (p = 0.02). Among patients with no extracranial disease, a solitary intracranial metastasis conferred significant additional survival advantage (43 vs 10.5 months, p = 0.05, log-rank test). No factor (age, RPA class, tumor size or histological type, disease burden, extent of resection, or SRS dose or volume) was related to the need for salvage WBRT. CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant SRS to the metastatic intracranial operative bed results in a local recurrence rate equivalent to adjuvant WBRT. In combination with SRS for unresected lesions and routine imaging surveillance, this approach achieves robust overall survival (median 15 months) while sparing 70% of the patients WBRT and its potential acute and chronic toxicity.
An evaluation of effects of molding compound properties on reliability of Cu wire components

Copper (Cu) bond wires are increasingly used in semiconductor components to replace gold (Au) bond wires, and applications for these components are expanding from consumer to high-reliability electronic systems. To assess the impact of this conversion on the overall component reliability, extended reliability testing beyond the typical JEDEC component qualification testing is needed. Additionally, key packaging materials such as molding compound also need to be re-evaluated as they may interact with Cu wire bond differently from Au wires and introduce new failure mechanisms. In this work, we investigate the impact of molding compound chemistry on the reliability performance by varying two material properties, pH level and Cl-concentration. A total of 9 formulations are generated for a 16-lead SOP (Small Outline Package) package. The assembled components are subject to two acceleration tests including biased-HAST (Highly Accelerated Stress Testing) and HTS (High Temperature Storage) test. As a control, Au wires are used for some of the cells and are subject to the same acceleration tests as the Cu wire components. The failure rates for all of the experimental cells will be reported. The effects of pH and Cl-levels on the failure rates will be discussed. Additionally, analytical results on the failed components using FIB (Focus Ion Beam), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) will be reported. The reliability testing and analytical results will demonstrate the importance of controlling molding compounds properties and provide guidelines for the selection of these materials. For high-reliability and mission-critical electronic systems, improved and better-controlled packaging material formulations will be needed to ensure the long-term reliability of components using Cu bond wires.
Motherhood on ice? A media framing analysis of older mothers in the UK news

Changing gender roles and increased sexual and economic freedom have created opportunities for women to give birth relatively late in life. However, stigma and misplaced fears about physical capacity are often reported as sources of anxiety among older, and in vitro fertilisation-induced mothers. In this study, we apply a specially adapted method for analysing news media content to a week's selection of material in the British media following the dissemination of research at an international medical conference. Our findings suggest, despite some positive commentaries, that much negative discourse is circulated by the media about older mothers, from implied claims of selfishness (older mothers as ‘delaying’ conception) to violations of the ‘natural order’. These latter claims reflect the long-standing ambivalence by the media generally towards scientific advancement, but they also reveal continuing resistance towards unorthodox lifestyles.
A class of adaptive step-size control algorithms for adaptive filters

A class of new adaptive step-size control algorithms, which is applicable to most of the LMS-derived tap weight adaptation algorithms, is proposed. Analysis yields a set of difference equations for theoretically calculating the transient behavior of the filter convergence and derives an explicit formula for the steady-state excess mean-square error (EMSE). Experiments for some examples prove that the proposed algorithm is highly effective in improving the convergence rate in both transient and tracking phases. The theoretically calculated convergence is shown to be in good agreement with that obtained through simulations. Alternative formulae of the step-size adaptation for specific tap weight adaptation algorithms are also proposed.