Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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In clinical ion beam therapy, protons as well as heavier ions such as carbon are used for treatment. For protons, β+-emitters are only induced by fragmentation reactions in the target (target fragmentation), whereas for heavy ions, they are additionally induced by fragmentations of the projectile (further referred to as autoactivation). An approach utilizing these processes for treatment verfication, by comparing measured Positron Emission Tomography (PET) data to predictions from Monte Carlo simulations, has already been clinically implemented. For an accurate simulation, it is important to consider the biological washout of β+-emitters due to vital functions. To date, mathematical expressions for washout have mainly been determined by using radioactive beams of 10Cand 11C-ions, both β+-emitters, to enhance the counting statistics in the irradiated area. Still, the question of how the choice of projectile (autoactivating or nonautoactivating) influences the washout coefficients, has not been addressed. In this context, an experiment was carried out at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center with the purpose of directly comparing irradiation-induced C Ammar et al Comparing the biological washout of β+-activity induced in mice brain after 12C-ion and proton irradiation Printed in the UK & the USA 7229 PMB © 2014 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine 2014 59 Phys. Med. Biol.
Experimental and theoretical study of the flow, aggregation and deposition of gas hydrate particles

7 1 Organization of the thesis 9 1.1 Papers included in the thesis . 9 1.2 Papers not included in the thesis . 10 2 General Introduction 11 2.1 Hydrate structures and equilibria . 12 2.2 Gas hydrate kinetics . 14 2.3 Gas hydrate plugging scenarios . 17 2.4 Gas hydrate prevention . 19 3 Experiments and simulations with gas hydrates: literature overview 21 3.1 Experiments with gas hydrates . 21 3.1.1 High-pressure systems . 21 3.1.2 Model hydrates . 23 3.2 Simulations with gas hydrates . 25 3.2.1 Computational fluid dynamic models . 27 3.2.2 Population balance models . 29
The Efficacy of the Risk-Need-Responsivity Framework in Guiding Treatment for Female Young Offenders

Research supports rehabilitative programming addressing youths‘ risk to reoffend, criminogenic needs and responsivity factors with the goal of reducing reoffending. However, the Risk-NeedResponsivity (RNR) framework takes a gender neutral‘ approach that critics assert overlooks the unique needs of females. It remains largely unknown whether matching treatment to RNR needs is as effective for female youth as it has been shown to be for male youth. Comparative analyses of 39 male and 37 female justice system-involved youth indicate that across RNR categories, females and males were similar in quality and quantity of needs, and had them met through probation services at a similar rate. However, while the RNR assessment tool predicted risk for recidivism equally well, the matching of services to RNR needs appears to be far more potent in reducing recidivism for boys than girls, suggesting a moderating effect of sex on the relationship between RNR matched treatment and re-offending.
FARM-LEVEL DETERMINANTS OF CONVERSION TO SUSTAINABLE FARMING PRACTICES IN THE NEW MEMBERS STATES

A field survey carried out in 2005 in the Czech Republic and Lithuania to investigate the determinants of converting to organic farming reveals that farmer's own belief and the intrinsic characteristics of the farm increase the likelihood of conversion. If the process of certification as an organic farm implies important changes of the structure of the farm, it lowers the propensity of farmers to consider the conversion to organic. When considering the case of family farms, results of a logit model reveal that apart from farmers' own belief in the environmental or food quality benefits of organic farming, availability of information/own knowledge about the characteristics of technology to be adopted, availability of extra labour, and membership to farmers' associations increase the likelihood to convert.
The Effect of Seaweed Powder on Physicochemical Properties of Yellow Alkaline Noodles

Seaweeds contain high levels of minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, indigestible carbohydrates, and dietary fiber. The objective of this study was to compare Spirulina seaweed yellow alkaline noodles made with different levels of green seaweed to make Yellow alkaline noodle products of high nutritional quality with rich fiber content. Green seaweed powder (Spirulina) was incorporated in different proportions (0, 5, 10, 15%) in noodles. Proximate compositions (protein, fiber, ash, fat, moisture), pH, color, textural intensities, cooking properties (Cooking yield, Cooking loss), and sensory qualities of noodles were evaluated. The results of noodle formula development showed that as the amount of Spirulina seaweed powder increased, the stickiness of the noodles decreased and the appearance became darker. The crude fiber contents of Spirulina seaweed yellow alkaline noodles increased by the addition of Spirulina seaweed powder. Thus, edible seaweeds such as Spirulina might be used as a food supplement to improve the nutritional recommended daily intake.
Promising Biosurfactant Produced byCunninghamella echinulataUCP 1299 Using Renewable Resources and Its Application in Cotton Fabric Cleaning Process

A biosurfactant was produced fromCunninghamella echinulatausing sustainable technology for cleaning and degreasing of cotton fabric impregnated with burned motor oil. The surface tension was 32.4 mN/m on a medium containing instant noodle waste (2%), corn steep liquor (2%), and postfrying oil (0.5%) with a carbon/nitrogen ratio of 30 : 1, yield of 6.0 g·L−1, emulsifier index of 81.4%, and dispersant property of 32.15 cm2. The biosurfactant produced is a glycolipid constituted by carbohydrate (47.7%) and lipids (50.0%). The structure was confirmed by GC-MS (stearic acid in predominance with mass of 298 m/z), FTIR spectroscopy (polysaccharides in bands between 1025 and 1152 cm−1and fatty acids in bands between 2057 and 3100 cm−1), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectrum (carbohydrates in signal of 4.38 ppm and 77.0 ppm). The properties of cleaning and degreasing of burned engine oil in cotton fabric by biosurfactant ofC. echinulatawas evidenced by removal of 86% of oil. After use of the biosurfactant, the fibers were not damaged, which is important for structural integrity of cotton fabric after the wash. In addition, the biosurfactant did not show toxic effect. This study suggests that the biosurfactant fromC. echinulatacan be used in formulation of textile detergents, in particular for removal of hydrophobic residues from the automobile industry.
RF TESTS OF THE SINGLE CELL PROTOTYPES FOR THE TRASCO =0.47 CAVITIES

Several single cell prototypes of the β=0.47 cavities for the TRASCO Program have been built and tested. The cavities have been fabricated both with reactor-grade Niobium sheets (RRR > 30), mainly to test the fabrication procedure, and with high RRR sheets (> 250). All tests, even for the low-grade niobium cavities, have outperformed the design specifications of E acc = 8.5 MV/m with a Q0 > 10 10 . The better of the two high RRR Nb cavities reached accelerating gradients corresponding to peak surface electric fields up to 74 MV/m and a surface magnetic field up to 138 mT. A thorough discussion of the RF tests and of the perspectives and limits of the use of low grade Niobium is presented.
Running Title : Multiple gingival recession treatment

Background: Aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of coronally advanced flap (CAF) with or without connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of Multiple Adjacent Gingival Recessions (MAGR) in the upper arch. Material and methods: Thirty-two patients with a total of 74 gingival recessions were randomly allocated to the two groups. Outcome measures, collected by a blind examiner, included complete root coverage (CRC), recession reduction (RecRed), Keratinized Tissue (KT) Gain, increase in gingival thickness (GT), patient satisfaction and Root coverage Esthetic Score (RES). A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Results: An interaction between treatment and baseline gingival thickness was detected. At 1 year, CAF+CTG resulted in better outcomes in terms of CRC (p=0.0016) and RecRed (p<0.0001) than CAF alone at sites with thin gingiva (thickness≤0.8 mm). No difference was found between CAF alone and CAF+CTG at sites with thick gingiva (>0.8mm). CAF resulted in higher aesthetic scores (RES) than CAF+CTG at sites with thick gingiva. CAF+CTG was associated with greater KT gain (p<0.0001) and greater post-operative morbidity (p<0.0001). Conclusion: CTG under CAF results in increased probability of CRC only at sites with thin baseline gingiva. CAF alone is associated with similar clinical outcomes and better esthetics at sites with thick baseline gingiva.
Estimation of the increase in projectile velocity in the intermediate ballistics period

The idea of the application of internal ballistics models together with external ballistics models in fire control systems encounters a problem in relating the calculated muzzle velocity value to the initial velocity value used in external ballistics calculations. The difference between these two values is caused by the action on the projectile of the propellant gases exiting from the muzzle. In this paper an attempt has been made to estimate the increase in projectile velocity outside the muzzle by the use of CFD modelling. The commercial ANSYS FLUENT code has been used together with our own ID model for the internal ballistics period. Calculations have been performed for various launching systems, from small arms to a 155 mm calibre gun. CONCLUSIONS have been drawn concerning the magnitude of the increase in projectile velocity outside the muzzle. The main conclusion is that the velocity increase is generally less than 1% and in most cases can be neglected. Language: en
Pollution Haven and Corruption Paradise Fabien Candau

In this paper, we present a simple theoretical extension from the Economic Geography literature to characterize the main features of pollution havens (lax environmental regulation, good market access to high-income countries and corruption opportunities). Using structural and reduced-form estimations, we nd that pollution havens are not a popular myth for European rms, laxer environmental standards signi cantly explain the location choice of polluting a liates. We analyze in depth the role of trade costs (using various bilateral and multilateral measures), a 1% increase in access to the European market from a pollution haven fosters relocation there by 0.1%. We also nd that corruption lowers environmental standards, which strongly attract polluting rms: a 1% increase of corruption fuels relocation by 0.28%. We test the economic signi cance of these empirical ndings via simulations. The protection of the European market (e.g., a carbon tax on imports) to stop relocations to pollution havens must be high (a decrease of the European market for Morocco and Tunisia equivalent to 13%) not to say prohibitive (31% for China).
Rheological and Functional Properties of Soy-Poundo Yam Flour

The nutrition of the people of developing countries is a major public health issue which has challenged breeders to enhance the nutritional quality of preferred and staple crops such as yam. This project therefore aimed at evaluating the effect of soy flour enrichment on the rheological properties of poundo yam flour. The yam flour was substituted with soy flour at varying proportions (100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30) with the aim of producing a more nutritionally balanced product (poundo yam). Reconstituted poundo yam dough was prepared from all the flour samples and was evaluated for consumer acceptability. Data obtained showed that the functional properties i.e. swelling power (2.70-3.34%) and solubility (16.16-20.23%) increased significantly (P≤0.05) with increasing substitution levels of soybean with a corresponding decrease in the bulk density (0.84-0.71) and dispersibility (60.50-52.50) and water absorption capacity (267.76-260.62%) as the substitution levels of soybean increases. The substitution of soy flour into yam flour affected the rheological properties of yam flour; the rate of water absorption of the yam flour decreased as soy flour substitution levels increased. Also, the dough stability time of the enriched flours was higher than that of the yam flour. The 30% enrichment level had the highest dough consistency (283FU). The extensibility of the enriched flour blends increased upon increasing levels of soy flour substitution. The 20% flour blend had the highest resistance to highest resistance to extension. Soybean flour substitution also increased the amino acid profile of the poundo yam. The poundo yam made from this flour blends also varied in texture, aroma, taste and colour. Apart from adding value and varieties to poundo yammeal due to its colour and textural improvement, enriching yam flour with soybean flour at 10% level would also reduce the problem of food security especially among children in the sub Sahara region of Africa where malnutrition due to protein deficiency is prevalent.
LEADERSHIP STYLES ADOPTED BY HEADTEACHERS AND THE INFLUENCE ON STAFF PERFORMANCE INPRIMARY SCHOOLS OF CHIMOIO CLUSTER IN MOZAMBIQUE

The research study was designed to examine the leadership styles adopted by head teachers and the influence on staff performance in primary schools of Chimoio cluster in Mozambique. The research design used was a mixed method that incorporated both the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population consisted of head teachers, teachers and non-teaching staff from which a sample of five head teachers from five schools, thirty teachers and twenty non-teaching staff were involved in the study through purposive and random sampling. The research instruments used to collect data were open and close format questionnaire, in-depth interview and document analysis. The study findings showed that the overwhelming majority of head teachers employ democratic leadership style in Chimoio cluster primary schools which enhances positive school staff performance. Regarding to major factors that influence negatively the staff performance, the majority of the respondents highlighted lack of motivation, pupils’ incompetence, low remuneration, coercive measures and lack of in-service training for professional development. It was evident from the findings that through democratic approach, staff participation and involvement in school matters and positive interpersonal relationship between school staff and head teachers influence the staff performance in various primary schools in Chimoio cluster. The study also established that there is a significant relationship between democratic leadership style and school climate. The main recommendations were addressed to the District Services of Education, youth and technology of Chimoio that should sensitise head teachers to apply democratic leadership style to enhance positive school staff performance, to run periodically in-service training to head teachers in collaboration with local universities which could adopt them with competence-based approach, towards management and leadership skills so that they improve the performance of their schools, to find ways of increasing school income for paying incentives and monetary reward so that it motivates the school staff.
Numerical simulation of the slipstream and aeroacoustic field around a high-speed train

The flow field and sound propagation around a three-coach 1/8th scale high-speed passenger train were obtained using a detached-eddy simulation and the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings acoustic analogy. The Reynolds number of flow based on the train height and speed was 2,000,000. The numerical results of the flow and aeroacoustic fields were validated using wind tunnel experiments and full-scale data, respectively. Features of overall sound pressure level, sound pressure level and A-weighted sound pressure level of typical measuring points are discussed. The sound propagated by a high-speed train is shown as a broadband noise spectrum including tonal component, where high sound pressure levels are concentrated on the low-frequency range from 10 Hz to 300 Hz. The inter-carriage gap is found to cause distinct tonal noise in contrast to the other parts of the train that cause a broadband noise. The negative log law has been used to study the influence of distance from the centre of track on the sound pressure level, where a good fit is shown at low-frequency ranges. The peak values of A-weighted sound pressure level from both full-scale experiment and simulation results occur at approximately 1 kHz, where simulation results show almost the same range as the experiment. The surface of each component of the train as well as the whole train are chosen as the integral surface for the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings computation of the far-field noise characteristics. It was found that the sound source generated by a high-speed train is mainly dipole, and the largest noise was obtained from the leading bogie. The results of this paper provide, for the first time, a better understanding of the aeroacoustic field around a three-coach train model, and the paper has the potential to assist engineers to design high-speed trains with aeroacoustic noise reduction in a better manner.
Title page : A comparison of multi-factor scoring systems and single serum markers for the early prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis Running title : Predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis

Background: The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the current scoring systems and single serum markers used in pancreatitis remain applicable for the early prediction of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN), the severity and mortality of acute pancreatitis (AP) in accordance with the revised Atlanta and determinant-based classifications. Methods: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 708 consecutive patients with AP were prospectively collected between January 2011 and December 2012. The severity was classified using the revised Atlanta and determinant-based classification systems. The predictive accuracies for moderately severe AP (MSAP), severe AP (SAP), critically severe AP (CAP), IPN and mortality were measured using area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The ROC analysis showed that the multi-factor scoring systems and single serum markers had a low predictive accuracy regarding MSAP. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score had the highest accuracy in predicting SAP with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.75 (95% CI=0.71-0.79) and 0.77 (95% CI=0.73-0.81) at 24 h and 48 h after admission, respectively. Procalcitonin (PCT) was the most accurate predictor for CAP and IPN, with respective AUCs of 0.86 (95% CI=0.82-0.89) and 0.83 (95% CI=0.78-0.87) at 48 h after admission. In predicting mortality, both the APACHE II score and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) had the highest accuracy.
Tax morale and prosocial behaviour: evidence from a Palestinian survey

The first empirical investigation is conducted into the relationship between prosocial behaviour and tax morale in the context of state capacity building as in the Palestinian Territories. We consider ‘public spirit’ (a positive attitude adopted by citizens for the benefit of the community) and associational activity (individuals’ engagement in voluntary activities) two major expressions of prosocial behaviour and estimate their impact on Palestinians’ ‘tax morale’ (intrinsic motivation to pay taxes). The empirical analysis employs a unique Palestinian public opinion survey conducted in 2007 in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. By using a bivariate probit model, we find that tax morale increases with public spirit but it is lower among Palestinians involved in associational activities. Predicted conditional probabilities indicate that public spirit has more impact when the respondent has low confidence in the institutions and in the rule of law. Finally, more public spirit is required for a self-employed person in order to deal with tax compliance than for a worker in the public sector, unless the worker in the public sector has lower confidence in the institutions and in the rule of law than the self-employed person.
Immigrant Job Search in the UK: Evidence from Panel Data

Most immigrant groups experience higher rates of unemployment than the host countries native population, but it is as yet unclear whether differences in job search behaviour, or its success, can help explain this gap. In this paper, we investigate how the job search methods of unemployed immigrants compare with those of the native born, using panel data from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey. We explore the relative effectiveness of different job search methods, between the main native born and immigrant groups, in terms of their impact on the duration of unemployment. Our main finding is that immigrant job search in the UK is less successful than that of UK born whites. However their relative failure to exit unemployment cannot generally be explained by differences in the choice of main job search method or in observable characteristics. We find no support for a policy that would constrain immigrants to use verifiable job search methods.
Women have better olfactory perception for wine aromas

The objective of this work was to verify the influence of the gender on the olfactory perception of aromas found in the wines, as well as to identify the aromatic groups most perceived by men and women. Twenty different aromas of different aromatic classes described in the wines were used: fruity, spices, wood, herbaceous, floral, buttery, defects. The different aromatic groups were packed in Erlenmeyer glasses wrapped with aluminum paper in order to avoid the visualization of the aromas by the participants. Fifty people, 25 men and 25 women, aged between 21 and 65 years, were ramdomly separated in groups of 10 people to participate of the evaluation. The influence of the gender on the ability to identify aromas was verified. Women matched 56.8% of the aromas, while men matched 44.6%. In relation to the aromatic class, a greater index of the feminine gender in all the aromatic classes was verified, being spices the group of aromas that women most perceived, with 80.6% of hits, followed by the floral aromas with 50% accuracy. For men, the aromatic class with the highest index of accuracy was also the spices, however, with a success rate of 58.4%, followed by the herbaceous group with 38.2% of correct answers. Both females and males obtained high scores for the group of wine defects (acetic acid and ethyl acetate), 85.2% and 81.0%, respectively, overcoming the other aromatic classes. Buttery aromas were the ones least recognized by women, with 30.8% of hits, whereas the least perceived aroma for men were the floral ones, with no hits observed in any group of participants. The results found in this study show that there are differences in olfactory perception between men and women, and this factor, in addition to the wine service temperature, wine glass type, olfactory memory, must also be considered in sensory analysis. Female gender has a greater ability to identify aromas in relation to the male gender, since women have a greater number of cells in the olfactory bulb, which is the brain region responsible for smell detection.
Quaternionic hyperfunctions on 5-dimensional varieties in H^2

In this paper we introduce a new notion of differential forms to describe the cohomology associated to the sheaf of regular functions in several quaternionic variables. We then use these differential forms to introduce and describe concretely a sheaf of quaternionic hyperfunctions as boundary values of regular functions in two quaternionic variables. We show how these ideas can be generalized to the case of monogenic functions in two vector variables with values in a Clifford algebra.