Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental Displacement and Adolescent Suicidality: Exploring the Role of Failed Belonging

Prior studies have demonstrated that events causing displacement from parents—such as parental death, abandonment of the adolescent, or divorce—represent a risk factor for adolescent suicide, but research to date has not established a theoretical model explaining the association between parental displacement and adolescent suicidal behavior. The current studies examined the construct of failed belonging proposed by the interpersonal theory of suicide as one factor that may link parental displacement with adolescent suicide. Study 1 found that low levels of belonging mediated the association between parental displacement and adolescent suicide attempts in a large, urban community sample of older adolescents between the ages of 18 and 23. In Study 2, parental displacement interacted with low belonging to predict suicide attempts, such that adolescents (average age = 16.6 years; SD = 1.2) who experienced both displacement and low levels of belonging had the highest risk for suicide.
Parental Choice in South African High Schools: An urban Cape Town Case Study

This study examines how families judge and choose high schools. The review of literature relating to school choice provides a theoretical framework for the study. The review includes an international perspective including both developed countries such as United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, England and Wales, the Netherlands, Scotland and Sweden, and developing countries including India, Chile, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Mauritania, Senegal, Cote d'Ivoire and South Africa. The context within which school choice occurs in South Africa is examined. This context includes continued influence of Apartheid policies and current legislation including the South African Schools Act, The Admission Policy for Ordinary Schools Act and the Norms and Standards for Schools Funding. The literature review includes a critical analysis of the research, both Local and International, which addresses questions as to which factors are considered when judging and choosing schools, who makes the choice school, when the choice of school is made and which sources of information inform the choice of school. The empirical study examines the process of high school choice in urban Cape Town. The group areas Act and other Apartheid policies have created a situation where the respondents have a large number of high schools from which to chose. The selected area reflects diversity in Socio-Economic status, including both privately owned homes and council rental flats and houses. The study is limited to English medium or dual medium schools in the area. It includes both co-ed and single gender schools.
Validation of automatic bone age rating in children with precocious and early puberty

Abstract Background and aims: Manual bone age (BA) rating in precocious puberty (PP) is associated with considerable rater variability. The aim was to evaluate a new method for automated Greulich and Pyle (GP) BA determination in children with PP. Methods: Seven hundred forty-one archived X-rays from 13 boys and 103 girls with PP or early puberty of various etiologies (age range at time of X-ray, 0.3–14.8 years; mean BA advancement, 2.3 years) were rated. Automatic rating (BoneXpert BA, or BXBA) was compared with the original manual GP rating (manual BA, or ManBA). X-rays where BXBA deviated from ManBA by more than 1.5 years were rerated by three raters, and the average was formed (ReferenceBA). Results: All 741 X-rays, except nine (three images had poor quality and six were from children with a chronological age younger than 1.5 years), were analyzed automatically. The mean difference of BXBA–ManBA was –0.19 years; the SD of the differences was 0.76 years (95% confidence interval 0.72–0.80). ReferenceBA was determined for 41 images. A discrepancy from ReferenceBA greater 1.5 years was found in four images against BXBA and in 10 images against ManBA. Conclusion: Automated BA is efficient and reliable in children with PP.
Similar temperature responses suggest future climate warming will not alter partitioning between denitrification and anammox in temperate marine sediments

Removal of biologically available nitrogen (N) by the microbially mediated processes denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) affects ecosystem N availability. Although few studies have examined temperature responses of denitrification and anammox, previous work suggests that denitrification could become more important than anammox in response to climate warming. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether temperature responses of denitrification and anammox differed in shelf and estuarine sediments from coastal Rhode Island over a seasonal cycle. The influence of temperature and organic C availability was further assessed in a 12‐week laboratory microcosm experiment. Temperature responses, as characterized by thermal optima (Topt) and apparent activation energy (Ea), were determined by measuring potential rates of denitrification and anammox at 31 discrete temperatures ranging from 3 to 59 °C. With a few exceptions, Topt and Ea of denitrification and anammox did not differ in Rhode Island sediments over the seasonal cycle. In microcosm sediments, Ea was somewhat lower for anammox compared to denitrification across all treatments. However, Topt did not differ between processes, and neither Ea nor Topt changed with warming or carbon addition. Thus, the two processes behaved similarly in terms of temperature responses, and these responses were not influenced by warming. This led us to reject the hypothesis that anammox is more cold‐adapted than denitrification in our study system. Overall, our study suggests that temperature responses of both processes can be accurately modeled for temperate regions in the future using a single set of parameters, which are likely not to change over the next century as a result of predicted climate warming. We further conclude that climate warming will not directly alter the partitioning of N flow through anammox and denitrification.
Analysis of changes in tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of red cell membrane proteins induced by P. falciparum growth

Phosphorylation of erythrocyte membrane proteins has been previously documented following infection and intracellular growth of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum in red cells. Much of this data dealt with phosphorylation of serine residues. In this study, we report detailed characterization of phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues of red cell membrane proteins following infection by P falciparum. Western blot analysis using anti‐phosphotyrosine and anti‐phosphoserine antibodies following 2‐DE in conjunction with double channel laser‐induced infrared fluorescence enabled accurate assessment of phosphorylation changes. Tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 represented the earliest modification observed during parasite development. Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation observed at the ring stage appears to be under the control of Syk kinase. Serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of additional cytoskeletal, trans‐membrane and membrane associated proteins was documented as intracellular development of parasite progressed. Importantly, during late schizont stage of parasite maturation, we observed widespread protein dephosphorylation. In vitro treatments that caused distinct activation of red cell tyrosine and serine kinases elicited phosphorylative patterns similar to what observed in parasitized red blood cell, suggesting primary involvement of erythrocyte kinases. Identification of tyrosine phosphorylations of band 3, band 4.2, catalase and actin which have not been previously described in P. falciparum infected red cells suggests new potential regulatory mechanisms that could modify the functions of the host cell membrane.
e Two Professionalisms of Journalism: Journalism and the changing context of work

The aim of this paper is to place contemporary debates about journalism (in particular those debates that frame the current state of journalism in terms of decline, in some form or other) within the wider context of changes in the organisation of work in the so‐called ‘new economy’. Using a framework based on the notion of two different forms of professionalism (organisational and occupational professionalism) advanced by Julia Evetts (2003, 2006), the paper analyses the current changes in the journalistic occupation in terms of four key general trends in the world of work and occupation: (1) the deregulation of labour markets, (2) the rise of new forms of employment, (3) the technologisation of the workplace and (4) concerns about the large‐scale de‐skilling of parts of the workforce. The paper ends by suggesting a set of research questions for a future programme of research on occupational change within journalism that goes beyond general arguments of decline, and also incorporates current research from the sociology of work and occupations (as journalism cannot be understood as separate and isolated from other occupations and general trends affecting all occupations). NOTE: This is a revised version of a paper titled ‘The Two Professionalisms of Journalism: Updating Journalism Studies for the 21st Century’, presented at the 2008 ICA (International Communication Association) Conference ‘Communicating for Social Impact’, 22–26 May, Montreal, Canada. It was produced as part of the Axess Programme on European Journalism . It presents the overarching theoretical framework of this research programme, in particular research area 1 (the comparative analysis of the journalistic cultures of Europe, with a focus on Sweden) and research area 3 (is there a ‘dominant’ model of journalism in Europe? ). THANKS: The author wishes to express his thanks to the Axel and Margaret Ax:son Johnson Foundation, whose generous grant made work on this paper possible. He thanks the two anonymous ICA reviewers for their insightful suggestions on how to improve the paper; and all those who commented on it at the conference in Montreal (particular thanks to Professor Dr Thorsten Quandt, whose close reading generated some very important points for improvement).
Trends in annual incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients

SUMMARY We describe trends in incidence rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients enrolled in a large northern California Health Plan, and the ratio of MRSA to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) case counts. Between 1995 and 2010, 1549 MRSA infections were diagnosed in 14060 HIV-infected patients (11·0%) compared to 89546 MRSA infections in 6597396 HIV-uninfected patients (1·4%) (P = 0·00). A steady rise in MRSA infection rates began in 1995 in HIV-uninfected patients, peaking at 396·5 infections/100000 person-years in 2007. A more rapid rise in MRSA infection rates occurred in the HIV-infected group after 2000, peaking at 3592·8 infections/100000 in 2005. A declining trend in MRSA rates may have begun in 2008–2009. Comparing the ratio of MRSA to MSSA case counts, we observed that HIV-infected patients shouldered a greater burden of MRSA infection during most years of study follow-up compared to HIV-uninfected patients.
The Autonomic and Rate Pressure Product Responses of Tai Chi Practitioners

Background: Spectral analysis of autonomic nervous system activity can provide insight into cardiovascular function. Rate pressure product is the parameter often targeted pharmacologically to decrease the incidence of myocardial events. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not Tai Chi Chuan practitioners would demonstrate autonomic responses that would be more cardioprotective when compared to non-trained controls. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that measured the autonomic responses and rate pressure product of 2 groups of subjects; a Tai Chi Chuan trained (n = 13) and non-trained sedentary controls (n = 13) at rest and during 2 stressor phases that simulated functional activities of daily living. Results: The Tai Chi group maintained a greater parasympathetic outflow at rest and during the isometric grip stressor phase (P<0.05). Sympathetic outflow, systolic blood pressure and rate pressure product were significantly lower in the Tai Chi group at rest, during the isometric grip and standing stressor phases (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although a cause-and-effect relationship cannot be concluded in this study, the Tai Chi group was able to demonstrate efficiency of the myocardium with suppressed rate pressure product values and autonomic responses that favored parasympathetic outflow. This type of training may complement non-pharmacological anti-hypertensive therapy.
Evaluation of a brief psychological treatment for emotional disorders in primary care

SYNOPSIS A randomized trial in general practice compared: (i) a brief psychological treatment (problem-solving) given by a psychiatrist; (ii) any treatment of the GP's choice, whether psychological or pharmacological. The patients had recent onset emotional disorders of poor prognosis. Patients in the problem-solving group showed significantly greater reductions in symptoms. Problem-solving as given by a psychiatrist was feasible in primary care and acceptable to patients. Problem-solving is now being evaluated as given by general practitioners trained in the method.
Clinicopathological analysis of GATA3-positive breast cancers with special reference to response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3)-positive breast cancers as well as the association of GATA3 expression with response to chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumor specimens obtained before neoadjuvant chemotherapy [paclitaxel followed by 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide)] from breast cancer patients (n = 130) were subjected to immunohistochemical and mutational analysis of GATA3 and DNA microarray gene expression analysis for intrinsic subtyping. RESULTS Seventy-four tumors (57%) were immunohistochemically positive for GATA3. GATA3-positive tumors were significantly more likely to be lobular cancer, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive, Ki67-negative, and luminal A tumors. Somatic mutations were found in only three tumors. Pathological complete response (pCR) was observed in 8 (11%) GATA3-positive tumors and in 22 (39%) GATA3-negative tumors. multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2), and gata3 were independent predictors of pcr. CONCLUSIONS GATA3-positive breast cancers showed luminal differentiation characterized by high ER expression and were mostly classified as luminal-type tumors following intrinsic subtyping. Interestingly, GATA3 was an independent predictor of response to chemotherapy, suggesting that GATA3 might be clinically useful as a predictor of a poor response to chemotherapy.
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria from Raw Meat of Buffalo and Chicken, Nepal

Antimicrobial resistance is a major global issue for human and animals. Increased use of antimicrobials in livestock and poultry has become one of the causes of antimicrobial resistance development in microorganisms. The aim of the study was to characterize antimicrobial resistant bacteria from raw buffalo and chicken meat in standard in vitro condition. A total of 140 raw meat samples were collected from different retail shops of Bhaktapur Metropolitan City, Nepal. Among them, 70 were raw buffalo meat and 70 were raw chicken meat samples. Bacterial growth, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Out of 140 samples, bacterial growth was seen in 67 raw buffalo meat and 59 raw chicken meat samples, i.e., bacterial growth was observed in 90.0% of the samples. A total of 161 bacterial isolates were detected. Escherichia coli (35.4%) and Klebsiella spp. (30.4%) were found to be the most prevalent bacteria followed by Citrobacter spp. (11.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.3%), Salmonella spp. (7.4%), and Proteus spp. (5.5%). Chicken meat isolates showed higher antimicrobial resistance rates in comparison to buffalo meat isolates, particularly against antimicrobials like Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Cotrimoxazole and Nalidixic acid, p value<0.05 when compared between buffalo and chicken meat. Overall, 32.7% Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) isolates were found, in which 50.0% MDR isolates were found from chicken raw meat and 21.9% were found from buffalo raw meat. MDR isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus constituted 52.5%, 77.7% and 40.0%, respectively, of both buffalo and chicken raw meat. This study indicates antimicrobials resistant bacteria existing at an alarming rate, higher in chicken meat than in buffalo meat.
Decreased circulating levels of active ghrelin are associated with increased oxidative stress in obese subjects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between active ghrelin and oxidative stress in obese subjects. DESIGN We measured the plasma levels of free 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-epi-PGF(2alpha), a reliable and systemic marker of oxidative stress) and the active form of ghrelin in 17 obese and 17 normal subjects. The biologically active forms of ghrelin were measured using a commercially available radio-immunoassay kit and free 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) was measured using an enzyme immunoassay kit. RESULTS The circulating level of active ghrelin was significantly decreased (20.4 +/- 2.6 vs 40.9 +/- 3.9 fmol/ml, P < 0.01) while that of 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) was significantly increased (61.5 +/- 9.6 vs 17.3 +/- 3.4 pg/ml, P < 0.01) in obese subjects compared with normal subjects. The plasma levels of active ghrelin and 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) were significantly correlated in obese (r = -0.507, P < 0.05) and in all (r = -0.577, P < 0.01) subjects. Multivariate analysis showed that the plasma levels of active ghrelin and 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) were significantly and independently correlated in all subjects (F = 7.888, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There is an inverse correlation between circulating levels of active ghrelin and oxidative stress in obesity. Low circulating levels of active ghrelin may enhance oxidative stress and the process of atherosclerosis in obese subjects.
Energy use by individual office workers: psychological and contextual influences on behaviour

Research into energy demand in office buildings has tended to focus on building fabric or systems, or the organisation as a whole, rather than the actions or motivations of individual building occupants. This study applies an attitude-behaviour approach used more frequently with household or travel behaviours to energy demand behaviours by individual occupants in office settings. The approach is extended to include contextual factors such as behavioural control, organisational expectations and social influences. Comparisons are drawn between the office and home settings. The study took place in the offices of two local authorities, Nottingham City Council and Nottinghamshire County Council, and included a questionnaire survey (n=819), semi-structured interviews (n=9), and building surveys (n=5). Behaviours examined included switching off lights, computers and computer monitors. Lighting behaviours were reported to be carried out more frequently than computer monitor behaviours in both the office and household settings. Analysis of behaviours identified that they needed to be considered at a specific level, according to the equipment (lighting, computer monitors), setting (office, home), and triggers (finishing a task, leaving a room). The physical context of the behaviour was particularly important. Different levels of individual control over energy affected the performance of behaviours. No evidence was found to support the notion of spillover that enacting one energy demand behaviour might lead to the enactment of further energy demand behaviours, including for similar behaviours performed in different settings (e.g. the office and the home). Organisational, social and psychological/attitudinal influences on individual behaviour were also examined. Structural Equation Modelling examined influences proposed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Values-Beliefs-Norms Theory. Neither theory provided a strong explanation of the collected data. However, support was found for the Perceived Behavioural Control construct, while moral and value-led constructs had a small influence on behaviour. This thesis provides recommendations for practitioners and policy makers seeking to reduce individual-level energy demand in office settings, and for future research into energy use in organisational settings. Recommendations include promoting energy saving as an aspect of professionalism, characterising energy demand behaviours specifically by setting and equipment, and recognising the importance of the social aspects of shared office environments.
Transdermal delivery of meloxicam using niosomal hydrogels: in vitro and pharmacodynamic evaluation

Abstract Non-ionic surfactant vesicles were prepared using Span-60 and cholesterol in the mass ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 1:2 and 3:1 for transdermal delivery of an anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam (MXM). The drug encapsulation efficiencies and particle size were observed in the range of 32.9–80.7% and 56.5–133.4 nm, respectively. Three different gel bases were also prepared using Poloxamer-407, Chitosan and Carbopol-934 as polymers to study the performance of the in vitro release of the drug. Prepared gels were also converted into niosomal gels. In vitro release characteristics of MXM from different gels were carried out using dialysis membrane in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The poloxamer-407 gel or niosomal poloxamer-407 gel showed the superior drug release over the other formulations. The release data were treated with various mathematical models to assess the relevant parameters. The results showed that the release of MXM from the prepared gels and niosomal gels followed Higuchi’s diffusion model. The flux of MXM was found to be independent on the viscosity of the formulations. The anti-inflammatory effects of MXM from different niosomal gel formulations were evaluated using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method, which showed superiority of niosomal gels over conventional gels.