Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seed germination patterns in a Himalayan moist temperate forest

A study was conducted in a Himalayan moist temperate forest in Mandal to identify the patterns of seed germination and major germination syndromes operating in the forest and to understand the role of primary selective factors in controlling germination in the plant community and how groups of species respond to such factors. The germination pattern was bimodal with the peak time of emergence in June followed by February-March. Along the altitudinal gradient (1650 to 2600 masl), the maximum number of seedlings emerging per transect was at the middle elevations of which more than 80% was understorey species while in the higher elevations canopy tree species seemed to dominate in the regeneration transect. The mean length of dormancy (MLD) of species recorded in field nursery trials in Mandal ranged from 10 days to 285 days. Seasonal analysis of the germination pattern revealed that maximum number of species dispersed their seeds during dry season (Oct-Jan) as compared to rainy or pre-rainy season. Three germination groups: delayed-rainy (DR), intermediate-dry (ID) and rapid-rainy (RR) were identified as the major germination syndromes in the study area. Among the four ecological groupings of species, the season of seed dispersal and dispersal type explained most of the variance, in MLD among species. The synchronization in the pattern of emergence within species and between species in Mandal forest was best illustrated by the pattern of seedling emergence in the four oak species (Quercus semecarpifolia, Q. floribunda, Q. leucotrichophora and Q. glauca) and four under storey species (Euonymus tingens, Symplocos paniculata, Lindera pulcherrima and Sarcococca hookerana).
Use of soil insecticides to control the Brazilian ground pearl (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) in vineyards

The Brazilian ground pearl (BGP), Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), is one of the most important grape pests in Brazil. Granular and water dispersible granule formulations, doses of application, times of treatment, and application technology of the soil insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were evaluated to control BGP in infested vineyards. Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid effectively reduced BGP by 90% in established vineyards. No difference in insect control was observed between the formulations of thiamethoxam. Multiple applications of thiamethoxam in November and January were more effective than a single treatment delivered in November. Doses higher than 0.2 g a.i./plant of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam reduced BGP infestations in 3-year-old vineyards. The granular formulation of thiamethoxam was more effective when applied around the root system than when delivered in six points around the trunk using a hand-operated granular spreader. Drench application of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam using a hand-operated hydraulic sprayer was effective for insecticide treatment, allowing regulation of the amounts of water and active ingredients applied per plant.
A Cloud-based Multimedia Function

Two dominant trends of the Internet are the increasing importance of multimedia traffic, not only in the form of streaming videos but also for interactive communications, and the use of cloud technology to deploy services. In this paper, we look at the intersection of these trends and expose a number of considerations to help with the deployment of multimedia functions for interactive, mobile-adaptive and time-constrained applications in the cloud. We show how virtual servers can be CPU or bandwidth constrained and how to use them effectively. Keywords–Multimedia processing, Edge Cloud, IMS, mobile media services.
A Multilevel Integrated Framework of Firm HR Practices, Individual Ambidexterity, and Organizational Ambidexterity

Research on strategic human resource (HR) management and organizational ambidexterity has assumed that organizational ambidexterity originates from operational managers that pursue both exploratory and exploitative activities. Yet, multilevel insights are absent about how and through which mechanisms HR practices may actually facilitate operational manager ambidexterity and how their ambidexterity may result into organizational ambidexterity. Our multisource and multilevel data from 467 operational managers and 104 senior managers within 52 firms reveals that the top-down effects of ability- and motivation-enhancing HR practices on operational manager ambidexterity are partially mediated by their role breadth self-efficacy and intrinsic motivational orientation. Furthermore, we find that the bottom-up relationship between operational manager and organizational ambidexterity is contingent on firm opportunity-enhancing HR practices. With that, our study provides important new multilevel insights into the effectiveness of strategic HR systems in supporting individual and organizational ambidexterity.
Internal audit function: a comparison between private and public sector in Nigeria

This study compares the internal audit functions between private and the public sector. Features examined include hierarchical rank of internal audit function, internal audit transfer, outsourcing of internal audit services and working relationship of internal audit with external auditor. The study is based on a survey of internal audit managers and chief internal auditors in private and public sector entities in Nigeria. The results revealed that there is no much difference in hierarchical rank of internal audit function in both sectors. While the results showed that differences exist in the reporting status between internal audit in the two sectors with private sector internal audit reporting to audit committee and chief executive officer and public sector internal audit reporting to chief executive officer and chief financial officer. Almost a similar amount of work is outsourced, and private sector entities are more likely to outsource than those in public sector. There is slight difference between internal audit activities and interaction with external auditor in the two sectors with private sector more likely to coordinate in the area of access to audit working papers.
The assessment of soil quality of various age of land reclamation after coal mining: a chronosequence study

The assessment of soil quality index is one of the parameters to evaluate the goal of land reclamation. The research has been done in the various age of soil of PT Adaro Indonesia and natural forest. The research used descriptive explorative method and open field survey. Purposive sampling was used to take the sample in research location that represented the condition of every location. Principal component analysis used to know the main indicator. The main indicator was based on Eigen value >1 and chosen by indicator correlation having the highest weight index. The main indicator chosen was called minimum data set. The result of the research showed that minimum data set consisted of pH, base saturation, bulk density, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, available P, total N, and soil organic carbon. The main indicators contributing to soil quality index value were total N and cation exchange capacity. Variable linear analysis showed that the longer age of land reclamation was followed by the development of soil quality index. Soil quality index in 18 years old soil reclamation (0.651) was higher than that in natural forest (0.575). Soil quality index of > 0.5 is defined as sustainable reclamation.
Effects of forest management and climate change on energy biomass and timber production with implications for carbon stocks and net CO2 exchange in boreal forest ecosystems

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of forest management and climate change on energy biomass (wood) and timber production with implications for carbon stocks and net CO2 exchange in boreal forest ecosystems in Finland. First, the impacts of thinning on growth, timber production and carbon stocks under the current and changing climate were analysed by employing an ecosystem model for the whole of Finland over a 90-year period (Article I). Concurrently, the potential of energy biomass production with implications for timber production and carbon stocks under varying thinning and climate scenarios was studied (Article II). Thereafter, a life cycle assessment (LCA) tool for estimating net CO2 exchange of forest production was developed (Article III), and it was applied in interaction with ecosystem model based simulations to study the impacts of different management regimes (initial stand density and thinning regimes) on energy biomass production and related CO2 emissions at a stand level with a rotation length of 80 years (Articles III & IV). The results showed that the climate change increased the production potential of energy biomass and timber, and carbon sequestration and stocks over the whole of Finland, but, in a relative sense more in northern than southern Finland (Articles I & II). Decreasing basal area based thinning thresholds compared to the currently recommended ones, increased the harvesting of the annual average amount of timber compared to the annual average growth of stem wood, and reduced carbon stocks in the forest ecosystems (Article I). On the other hand, the use of increased basal area thinning thresholds concurrently increased energy biomass and timber production, and carbon stocks in the forest ecosystem regardless of climate applied (Article II). The development of the LCA tool made it also possible to estimate the net carbon exchange of the forest production (Article III). Based on the use of the LCA tool with the ecosystem model simulations, it was found that the impacts of management related emissions on net carbon exchange were small compared to the total ecosystem fluxes. It was also found that the increase in initial stand density compared to the conventional practice of 2000 seedlings ha, not only increased the energy biomass production at energy biomass thinning, but also reduced management related CO2 emissions of energy biomass production (Article IV). To conclude, the applied management substantially affects the net atmospheric impacts of production potential of forest ecosystems. The combined use of ecosystem model simulations and the LCA tool will together provide new insights for the analysis of ecologically sustainable energy biomass and timber production systems and the climate change mitigation options of forests.
What factors affect the business success of Philippine SMEs in the food sector

PIDS Policy Notes are observations/analyses written by PIDS researchers on certain policy issues. The treatise is holistic in approach and aims to provide useful inputs for decisionmaking. The author is senior lecturer at the Cesar E.A. Virata School of Business, University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman. This Policy Note is an abridged version of her PhD dissertation at the Cesar E.A. Virata School of Business, UP Diliman. The study was funded by the Philippine APEC Study Center Network (PASCN) under its Thesis and Dissertation Assistance Program. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the PIDS or the PASCN. Elaine Q. Borazon Philippine Institute for Development Studies Surian sa mga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng Pilipinas No. 2015-21 (November 2015) ISSN 1656-5266 Policy Notes
Organizational Culture’s Role in The Relationship Between Power Bases and Job Stress

Bu cal man n amac orgut kulturunun liderin guc kaynaklar ve ast n i stresi aras ndaki ili kidekiduzenleyici rolunu araAntalya, Samsun, Erzurum ve Gaziantep’te rassal metotla secilen 13 devlet universitesindeki 622 o retim eleman veust (dekanlar) olu turmaktad r. Dekan n guc kaynaklar Ki ileraras Guc Envanteri kullan larak olculmu tur. stresini ve orgut kulturunu de erlendirmek icin Stresi Anketi ve Orgut Kulturu Profili kullan lmhipotezlerin test edilmesinde duzenlenmi hiyerar ik regresyon analizi kullan lmKulturu Profilinden sald rganldi er bir boyut olan bireylere saygyumu ak guc kaynaklar ve i stresi aras ndaki olumsuz ili kiyi zay flatm
DISEASE DETECTION FROM FIELD SPECTROMETER DATA

Oil palm plants have been planted in a large scale of areas. However, Ganoderma disease has been recognized and diagnosed in the oil palm plants that has infected almost a half of the oil palm plants in Malaysia. To deal with this problem, the use of vegetation indices analysis on hyper spectral field data, this paper examines the ability of spectral data in identifying the stages of Ganoderma disease. The favourable result will be helpful to control the spreading of the diseases. By using vegetation indices, the oil palm plants could be classified into three categories, namely: 1 (T1 healthy), 2 (T2 semi healthy) and 3 (T3 severe damage). The results show that the best vegetation index is the Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MSR705) among the vegetation indices to identify the oil palm health stages. Moreover, it has been observed that the index of Narrowband greenness VIs has been exhibited an acceptable outcome in differentiating between the oil palm plant stage 1 (T1 healthy) and stage 2 (T2 semi healthy). ABSTRAK: Tanaman kelapa sawit ditanam secara meluas. Penyakit ganoderma dikenali dan didiagnosikan menjangkiti hampir separuh tanaman kelapa sawit di Malaysia. Untuk mengawal penyakit ini daripada merebak, analisis indeks tanaman dijalankan ke atas data kawasan spektrum melampau di mana keupayaan data ini diuji dalam membezakan peringkat-peringkat penyakit Ganoderma terhadap tanaman kelapa sawit. Dengan menggunakan indeks tanaman, kelapa sawit dapat diklasifikasikan kepada 1 (T1 sihat), 2 (T2 separa sihat) dan 3 (T3 rosak); kelas tanaman dengan tepat. Keputusan menunjukkan indeks tanaman terbaik sebagai Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MSR705) yang merupakan indeks tanaman dalam membezakan peringkat kesihatan kelapa sawit. Adalah didapati pengubahsuaian terhadap indeks Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MSR705) yang juga indeks Jalur Sempit Hijau VI telah memberikan keputusan yang munasabah dalam membezakan peringkat tanaman kelapa sawit peringkat 1 (T1 sihat) dan peringkat 2 (T2 separa sihat).
Algorithms for determining the phase of RHEED oscillations

Oscillations of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensities are computed using dynamical diffraction theory. The phase of the oscillations is determined using two different approaches. In the first, direct, approach, the phase is determined by identifying the time needed to reach the second oscillation minimum. In the second approach, the phase is found using harmonic analysis. The two approaches are tested by applying them to oscillations simulated using dynamical diffraction theory. The phase of RHEED oscillations observed experimentally is also analysed. Experimental data on the variation of the phase as a function of the glancing angle of incidence, derived using the direct method, are compared with the values computed using both the direct and harmonic methods. For incident-beam azimuths corresponding to low-symmetry directions, both approaches produce similar results.
Stomatal clustering, a new marker for environmental perception and adaptation in terrestrial plants.

”Stomatal clustering,” an abnormal stomatal patterning that is formed by two or more stomata in the leaf epidermis, has been reported in more than 60 species of terrestrial plants. According to the characters and distributional pattern, two different types of stomatal clusters were identified, However, calculation of R-values in 16 different plant species showed that the classical method in spatial ecology study could not distinguish between these two types of clusters. Therefore, to classify them, the term ”contiguous cluster” and ”non-contiguous cluster” were introduced. Their formation and ecological significance were also discussed. In order to study whether stomatal clustering occurs in response to the environment, Vicia faba L. were cultivated under different water/salinity levels. Epidermis bioassay was conducted 2 weeks after the treatment. The results showed that drought and salt stresses significantly increased the stomatal density and stomatal index. More importantly, the occurrences of contiguous stomatal clustering also raised along the drought/salt gradients. The result suggests that the stomatal clustering is correlated with environmental signals. It could serve as a new marker for environmental adaptation in terrestrial plants.
Corrosion behavior of construction materials for ionic liquid hydrogen compressor

The corrosion behavior of various commercially available stainless steels and nickel-based alloys as 13 possible construction materials for components which are in direct contact with one of five different 14 ionic liquids was evaluated. The ionic liquids, namely: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate, 1-ethyl-3- 15 methylimidazolium bis imide, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis 16 (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, butyltrimethylammonium bis imide, 17 methyltrioctylammonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide have been identified, as performance 18 fluids in an ionic liquid hydrogen compressor. An electrochemical cell was specially designed, and 19 steady-state cyclic voltammetry was used to measure the corrosion resistance of the alloys in the ionic 20 liquids at 23°C, under atmospheric pressure. The results showed a very high corrosion resistance and high stability for all the alloys tested. The two 22 stainless steels, AISI 316L and AISI 347 showed higher corrosion resistance compared to AISI 321 in 23 all the ionic liquids tested. It was observed that small addition of molybdenum, tantalum, and niobium 24 to the alloys increased the corrosion stability in the ionic liquids studied. Hastelloy ® C-276 showed the 25 poorest corrosion resistance in all the ionic liquids tested. AISI 316L with high corrosion resistance and 26 the lowest cost is recommended as the most attractive construction material for all the components, in 27 an ionic liquid hydrogen compressor, which are in direct contact with ionic liquids used in this study.
Acidification counteracts negative effects of warming on diatom silicification

Abstract. Diatoms are a significant group contributing up to 40 % of annual primary production in the oceans. They have a special siliceous cell wall that, acting as a ballast, plays a key role in the sequestration of global carbon and silica. Diatoms dominate primary production in the Arctic Ocean, where global climate change is causing increases in water temperature and in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Here we show that as water temperature increases diatoms become stressed, grow to smaller sizes, and decrease their silicification rates. But at higher pCO2, as the pH of seawater decreases, silica incorporation rates are increased. In a future warmer Arctic ocean diatoms may have a competitive advantage under increased ocean acidification, as increased pCO2 counteracts the adverse effects of increasing temperature on silicification and buffers its consequences in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and silica.
Normalizers of finite subgroups of division algebras over local fields

The subject of finite subgroups of finite dimensional division algebras has been examined by many people. In [A], Amitsur proved a classification theorem describing the isomorphism type of finite groups which embed in division algebras. Yamada, [Y], computed the subgroup of the Brauer group that consists of division algebras spanned by a finite subgroup, the so called Schur algebras. In [H] we considered the problem of classifying the groups embedded in a specified division algebra over a local field, F , with Hasse invariant a/b + Z ∈ Q/Z. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the normalizers of such groups. Throughout this paper a local field will be assumed to have characteristic zero and finite residue field. In sections 1 to 4 the residue characteristic, p, is odd and in section 5 it is 2. In sections 1 to 5 we consider non-abelian subgroups and in section 6 we treat the cyclic groups. Let F be a local field. It is well known that the finite dimensional division algebras with center F are given by the cyclic algebras
The explaining role of the Earning-Price Ratio in the Spanish Stock Market.

In this paper we study the suitability of the CAPM to the Spanish Stock Market Interconnection System (SIBE) for the period 1988-2000, by means of time series and cross-section multivariate tests. Even though there is no enough empirical evidence to reject this model, it is shown that the relation between risk beta and stock returns is weak. Therefore, we look for several fundamental variables using Fama and MacBeth OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and LTS (Least Trimmed Squares) estimators which could explain, with or without beta, the cross-section of stock returns. We conclude that there is a strong earning-price ratio effect in the Spanish Stock Market and that beta is able to explain the cross-section of expected returns, not solely, but jointly with earningprice ratio. On the other hand, there is neither size nor book-to-market ratio effects. However, there is evidence of turn-of-the year effect, which suggests tax-loss selling and window-dressing phenomena.
GROUND REACTION FORCES PRODUCED IN BASKETBALL MANEUVERS WITH NEW AND STRUCTURALLY DAMAGED SHOES

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in ground reaction forces between new shoes and shoes with obvious structural damage. Six male Division III basketball players performed eight directional basketball maneuvers in random order on an AMTI© 1000 force plate. Subjects were tested when the shoes were new and after the shoes had structural damage. Results indicated that forces were significantly higher in new shoes than damaged shoes (vertical: left forward, peak-1; left shuffle, peak-2; left back, peak-1 and ms; medial-lateral: left shuffle, peak-2; anterior-posterior: forward, peak-2; left back, peak-1; back, peak-1). No significance was found in time to peak forces or total time. This study concluded that new shoes showed significantly higher forces than shoes with obvious structural damage.
Differentiation in Demand with Different Food Retail Formats

Recently, discount stores have gained importance in food retailing. We investigate whether certain types of consumers have turned towards particular formats, both in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and responsiveness to price changes. The distinctiveness of discount consumers is analyzed utilizing dynamic probit models with Heckman-type selection to estimate the factors influencing a household’s propensity to visit a discount store and its overall spending in discounters. In addition, we estimate price and expenditure elasticities for nine product groups in discounters and supermarkets based on a two-step estimation method account for censoring in the food budget shares. Our results indicate that income constraints play a key role in the choice of discount stores, while differences in the overall price levels lead to higher frequentation of discounters. The latter effect tends to be mainly driven by demand responses in supermarkets, where demand for all nine considered product groups is found to be statistically more responsive to inner-format price changes than demand within discount stores. However, we find that discount store demand increases significantly stronger as supermarket prices go up, than is the case for supermarket demand when discount store prices are raised.