Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMDR for Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia Comparison With Waiting List and Credible Attention-Placebo Control Conditions

In a randomized controlled trial, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) was compared with both waiting list and credible attention-placebo control groups. EMDR was significantly better than waiting list for some outcome measures (questionnaire, diary, and interview measures of severity of anxiety, panic disorder, and agoraphobia) but not for others (panic attack frequency and anxious cognitions). However, low power and, for panic frequency, floor effects may account for these negative results. Differences between EMDR and the attention-placebo control condition were not statistically significant on any measure, and, in this case, the effect sizes were generally small (η 2 = .00—.06), suggesting the poor results for EMDR were not due to lack of power. Because there are established effective treatments such as cognitive—behavior therapy for PDA, these data, unless contradicted by future research, indicate EMDR should not be the first-line treatment for this disorder.
Islands of ice on Mars and Pluto

Ice sheets, such as the polar layered deposits (PLDs) of Mars, are of great interest as records of past climate. Smaller outlier ice deposits near the north and south PLDs are likely more sensitive to climate changes and thus may hold information about more recent climate history. However, the southern outlier deposits have largely remained unmapped and unanalyzed. Here, we identify 31 deposits near, but separated from, Mars's south PLDs, all of which are located within impact craters >15 km in diameter. On the basis of morphology, radar analysis, physical similarity to portions of the PLD margin, and overall similarity to previously described deposits in Mars's north polar region, we conclude that these deposits are primarily composed of water ice. An additional 66 craters contain smaller depositional features, some of which may be remnant ice deposits. The 31 outlier ice deposits represent a previously unquantified inventory of water on Mars, with a total volume between 15,000 and 38,000 km3. In addition, we identify five analogous outlier nitrogen ice deposits located within impact craters near Sputnik Planitia, the large nitrogen ice sheet on Pluto. Although important differences exist between Mars and Pluto, broad physical similarities between the two cases suggest that the topography and microclimates of impact craters cause them to be favorable locations for volatile accumulation and/or retention throughout the Solar System.
Using seismic isolation and energy dissipation to create earthquake-resilient buildings

Seismic isolation with energy dissipation is a technology that has been used in New Zealand since 1978 for bridges and buildings. During this period it has seen limited use, tending to be applied mainly to historically significant buildings, or buildings that have special functional requirements. Seismic isolation has the ability to significantly improve the seismic performance of existing buildings through a seismic retrofit, or to create new earthquake-resilient buildings. Both of these applications are of greater relevance throughout New Zealand following the Canterbury earthquakes. Consequently, the consideration of seismic isolation is no longer limited to those buildings at the top end of the Importance Level spectrum. This paper examines the broad technical issues associated with isolation and energy dissipation. It discusses the benefits and costs of seismic isolation, and presents guidelines for cost estimation at the feasibility stage of projects. We will explore the cost-benefits for building owners, and discuss whether base isolation can replace earthquake insurance for the building and its contents, and business interruption insurance.
Integrated Study on Oligocene Sediments and Petroleum Systems of the Offshore Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt

Summary Study show how the Oligocene sediment act good source rock and as good reservoir, where Oligocene sediments are an important new play in the offshore eastern Nile delta, by create geologic model for the study area, study Oligocene reservoir characteristics for wells in the study area, evaluation Oligocene source rock, create 1d basin model, create maturity maps and estimate amount of hydrocarbon generated in the study area. Net to gross map for Oligocene reservoirs show the extension of fluvial channels from onshore Nile delta toward area of interest. Oligocene sandstone reservoirs have good reservoir characteristics, The TOC values in Oligocene age indicates source rich with organic matter with a poor to very good petroleum potential. The quality of OM and hydrocarbon type indicates that, Oligocene age contains kerogen type III (Gas prone) and mixed type II/III (oil and gas prone), Farewell Formation belongs to kerogen type III (Gas prone). The Oligocene age source rocks have started generating hydrocarbons since the Upper Miocene time, the hydrocarbon expulsion from Oligocene age source rocks has started in the Upper Pleistocene and Upper Pliocene times, respectively. The total generated hydrocarbon of the entire Oligocene effective source rocks are about 782 TCF.
Alcohol-Related Assault: Time and Place

This study aims to determine the strength of a variety of sociodemographic risk factors for being a victim of alcohol related violence. In particular, it examines the hypothesis that places where alcohol is usually consumed, times of absences from the home, and the frequency of such absences are more important factors in the likelihood of experiencing alcohol related violence than being young and male.
Partitioned by process: Measuring post‐fire debris‐flow and rill erosion with Structure from Motion photogrammetry

After wildfire, hillslope and channel erosion produce large amounts of sediment and can contribute significantly to long‐term erosion rates. However, pre‐erosion high‐resolution topographic data (e.g. lidar) is often not available and determining specific contributions from post‐fire hillslope and channel erosion is challenging. The impact of post‐fire erosion on landscape evolution is demonstrated with Structure from Motion (SfM) Multi‐View Stereo (MVS) photogrammetry in a 1 km2 Idaho Batholith catchment burned in the 2016 Pioneer Fire. We use SfM‐MVS to quantify post‐fire erosion without detailed pre‐erosion topography and hillslope transects to improve estimates of rill erosion at adequate spatial scales. Widespread rilling and channel erosion produced a runoff‐generated debris‐flow following modest precipitation in October 2016. We implemented unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based SfM‐MVS to derive a 5 cm resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the channel scoured by debris‐flow. In the absence of cm‐resolution pre‐erosion topography, a synthetic surface was defined by the debris‐flow scour's geomorphic signature and we used a DEM of Difference (DoD) to map and quantify channel erosion. We found 3467 ± 422 m3 was eroded by debris‐flow scour. Rill dimensions along hillslope transects and Monte Carlo simulation show rilling eroded ~1100 m3 of sediment and define a volume uncertainty of 29%. The total eroded volume (4600 ± 740 m3) we measured in our study catchment is partitioned into 75% channel erosion and 25% rill erosion, reinforcing the importance of catchment size on erosion process‐dominance. The deposit volume from the 2016 event was 5700 ± 1140 m3, indicating ~60% contribution from post‐fire channel erosion. Dating of charcoal fragments preserved in stratigraphy at the catchment outlet, and reconstructions of prior deposit volumes provide a record of Holocene fire‐related debris‐flows at this site; results suggest that episodic wildfire‐driven erosion (~6 mm/year) dominate millennial‐scale erosion (~5 mm/Ka) at this site. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Multivariate Study of Subordinate Perceptions of and Attitudes Toward Minority and Majority Managers.

Abstract : Questionnaire data were collected from 582 subordinate supervisors in 30 merchandising units managed by 6 black males, 11 white females, and 13 white males to investigate manager and subordinate sex group and ethnic group effects on 10 attitudinal and perceptual groupings: satisfaction, leadership, behavioral intentions, job problems, job authority, communication influences, direction of communication, kind of communication, quality of communication, and modality of communication. These effects and subordinate job level differences were investigated after confounding demographic and organizational influences were statistically controlled through multiple regression analyses.
Tidal Response of Mars Constrained From Laboratory‐Based Viscoelastic Dissipation Models and Geophysical Data

We employ laboratory‐based grain size‐ and temperature‐sensitive rheological models to describe the viscoelastic behavior and tidal response of terrestrial bodies with focus on Mars. We consider five rheological models: Maxwell, extended Burgers, Andrade, Sundberg‐Cooper, and a power law approximation. The question of which model provides the most appropriate description of dissipation in planetary bodies, remains an open issue. To examine this, we build crust and mantle models of Mars (density and elasticity) that are computed self‐consistently through phase equilibrium calculations as a function of pressure, temperature, and bulk composition, whereas core properties are based on an Fe‐S parameterization. We assess the compatibility of the viscoelastic models by inverting tidal response, mean density, and moment of inertia of Mars for its thermal, elastic, and attenuation structure. Our results show that although all viscoelastic models fit the data, (1) their predictions of the tidal response at other periods and harmonic degrees are distinct, implying that our approach can be used to distinguish between the various models from seismic and/or tidal observations (e.g., with InSight), and (2) Maxwell is only capable of fitting data for unrealistically low viscosities. All viscoelastic models converge upon similar interior structure models: large liquid cores (1,750–1,890 km in radius) that contain 17–20.5 wt% S and, consequently, no silicate perovskite‐dominated lower mantle. Finally, the methodology proposed here is generally formulated and applicable to other solar and extrasolar system bodies where the study of tidal dissipation presents an important means for determining interior structure.
Climate change impacts on snow in Victoria

Disclaimer CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, CSIRO (including its employees and consultants) excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it.
Assessment of health-related risks associated with domestic water uses in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

xiv Zusammenfassung . xv 1. The Mekong Delta and its water sources . 1 1.1 General introduction . 1 1.1.1 Drinking and domestic water sources in the Mekong Delta . 1 1.1.2 Water related diseases . 4 1.1.3 Demand and pressures on water sources. 5 1.1. 4 Water management in Vietnam . 6 1.1. 5 Hypotheses and objectives . 7 1.2 General Materials and Methods . 7 1.2.1 Selection of study areas . 8 1.2.2 General and study related characteristics of the Mekong Delta. 9 1.2. 3 Household interviews . 12 1.2. 4 Selected water quality parameters . 13 1.3 Outline of the thesis . 14 1.3. 1 Chapters Description . 15 1.3. 2 Peer-reviewed articles . 15 1.3. 3 Attended conferences . 16 2. Usage of water sources . 17 2.1 Drinking water services . 17 2.2 Domestic water services. 18 3. Effects of local and spatial conditions on the quality of harvested rainwater in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam . 20 Abstract. 20. 20 3.
Analyzing the Determinants of Tourists’ Buying Behaviour in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to Tourism Destinations in Down South of Sri Lanka

Aims: This study models tourists’ buying behavior in Sri Lanka analyzing key determinants of tourists’ buying behavior along with demographic characteristics of the tourists. The study focuses on how Marketing Mix Factors, Situational Factors and Personal Factors and other demographic factors affect tourist buying behavior in three tourist destinations in Down-South of Sri Lanka. Methodology: Data were collected from 500 tourists who visited three main tourist destinations such as Hikkaduwa, Unawatuna and Mirissa located in Down-South of Sri Lanka. Both descriptive and econometric analyses were employed to accomplish the objectives of the study. Results: The results of the descriptive analysis suggest that most of the tourists were from countries such as Russia, Germany and United Kingdom and their main purpose of the visits were recreation and leisure followed by education and health. Moreover, the respondents stayed 20 days on average in Down-South. However, it was observed that tourists’ spending per day is significantly low and more than 69% of the tourists spent less than 100$ per day. The econometric findings emphasize that all three key determinants of consumer buying behaviour– marketing mix factors, situational factors and personal factors positively affect the tourists’ buying behavior. Apart from that, personal factors have been recognized as the most influential factor of tourists’ buying behavior in the context of Sri Lanka. Furthermore, demographic characteristics of tourists such as gender, marital status, education level and employment status also affect tourist buying behavior. Conclusion: Hence, appropriate policies are required to enhance the quality of all indicators of the marketing mix, situational factors and personal factors in order to increase tourists’ buying behavior. Similarly, the current study also recommends the implementation of efficient policies to ensure security, cultural harmony and political stability in order to uplift tourists’ buying behavior pattern.
Estimation of the Budyko model parameter for small basins in China

At the mean annual scale, water availability of a basin is substantially determined by how much precipitation will be partitioned into evapotranspiration and run‐off. The Budyko framework provides a simple but efficient tool to estimate precipitation partitioning at the basin scale. As one form of the Budyko framework, Fu's equation has been widely used to model long‐term basin‐scale water balance. The major difficulty in applications of Fu's equation is determining how to estimate the curve shape parameter ω efficiently. Previous studies have suggested that the parameter ω is closely related to the long‐term vegetation coverage on large river basins globally. However, on small basins, the parameter ω is difficult to estimate due to the diversity of controlling factors. Here, we focused on the estimation of ω for small basins in China. We identified the major factors controlling the basin‐specific (calibrated) ω from nine catchment attributes based on a dataset from 206 small basins (≤50,000 km2) across China. Next, we related the calibrated ω to the major factors controlling ω using two statistical models, that is, the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and artificial neural network (ANN) model. We compared and validated the two statistical models using an independent dataset of 80 small basins. The results indicated that in addition to vegetation, other landscape factors (e.g., topography and human activity) need to be considered to capture the variability of ω on small basins better. Contrary to previous findings reached on large basins worldwide, the basin‐specific ω and remote sensing‐based vegetation greenness index exhibit a significant negative correlation. Compared with the default ω value of 2.6 used in the Budyko curve method, the two statistical models significantly improved the mean annual ET simulations on validation basins by reducing the root mean square error from 114 mm/year to 74.5 mm/year for the MLR model and 70 mm/year for the ANN model. In comparison, the ANN model can provide a better ω estimation than the MLR model.
The Latest Spreading Periods of the South China Sea: New Constraints From Macrostructure Analysis of IODP Expedition 349 Cores and Geophysical Data

Macrostructures preserved in deformed rocks are essential for the understanding of their evolution, especially when the deformation is weak and hard to discriminate in regional scale or purely through geophysical data. In order to resolve the inconsistency between NS trending fracture zones and NE oriented spreading fabrics of the South China Sea during the latest spreading stage, we analyzed macrostructures identifiable from the basalt and consolidated sediment samples of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Sites U1431 and U1433. These two sites are close to the East and Southwest relict spreading ridges and provide critical information on the latest spreading stages. The structures in the basalt of both sites suggest two dominant orientations of NS and NE. At U1431, sediments show mainly WNW trending slickensides, different from that of basalt. At U1433, no structures were found in postspreading sediment. Thus, NE and NS trending structures in basalt are most possibly formed by seafloor spreading. Crosscutting relationship suggests that NE trending structures formed first, followed by NS and finally WNW trending structures. These observations are consistent with geophysical features. Magnetic anomalies and ocean bottom seismometer velocity suggest that the latest relict ridge of the East Subbasin coincides with the EW trending seamount chain. Located between the relict ridges of East and Southwest Subbasins, NS trending Zhongnan‐Liyue Fracture Zone had acted as the latest transform fault. Based on the above evidences, we proposed that the South China Sea may have experienced a short period of NS oriented spreading after earlier SE spreading. These results resolve the previous inconsistencies.
Ground Subsidence Susceptibility (GSS) Mapping in Grosseto Plain (Tuscany, Italy) Based on Satellite InSAR Data Using Frequency Ratio and Fuzzy Logic

This study aimed at evaluating and mapping Ground Subsidence Susceptibility (GSS) in the Grosseto plain (Tuscany Region, Italy) by exploiting multi-temporal satellite InSAR data and by applying two parallel approaches; a bivariate statistical analysis (Frequency Ratio) and a mathematical probabilistic model (Fuzzy Logic operator). The Grosseto plain experienced subsidence and sinkholes due to natural causes in the past and it is still suffering slow-moving ground lowering. Five conditioning subsidence-related factors were selected and managed in a GIS environment through an overlay pixel-by-pixel analysis. Firstly, multi-temporal ground subsidence inventory maps were prepared in the study area by starting from two inventories referred to distinct temporal intervals (2003–2009 and 2014–2019) derived from Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) data of ENVISAT and SENTINEL-1 satellites. Then, the susceptibility modelling was performed through the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) approaches. These analyses led to slightly different scenarios which were compared and discussed. Results show that flat areas on alluvial and colluvial deposits with thick sedimentary cover (higher than 20 m) on the bedrock in the central and eastern sectors of the plain are the most susceptible to land subsidence. The obtained FR- and FL-based GSS maps were finally validated with a ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis, in order to estimate the overall performance of the models. The AUC (Area Under Curve) values of ROC analysis of the FR model were higher than the ones of FL model, suggesting that the former is a better and more appropriate predictor for subsidence susceptibility analysis in the study area. In conclusion, GSS maps provided a qualitative overview of the subsidence scenarios and may be helpful to predict and preliminarily identify high-risk areas for environmental local authorities and decision makers in charge of land use planning in the study area. Finally, the presented methodologies to derive GSS maps are easily reproducible and could also be applied and tested in other test sites worldwide, in order to check the modeling performance in different environmental settings.
A framework for petrophysically and geologically guided geophysical inversion using a dynamic Gaussian mixture model prior

We propose a new framework for incorporating petrophysical and geological information into voxel-based geophysical inversion. By developing the geophysical inverse problem from a probabilistic perspective, we redesign the objective function and the iteration steps as a suite of cyclic optimization problems in which three separate MAP optimization problems are solved using geophysical, petrophysical and geological data, respectively. By quantitatively linking these data into a single framework, we recover a final inverted model that reproduces the observed, or desired, petrophysical and geological features while fitting the geophysical data. To achieve our goal we replace the Gaussian prior, used in the Tikhonov inversion approach, by a Gaussian mixture model. After each geophysical model update, the mixture parameters (means, variances and proportions) are determined by the geophysical model and the expected characteristics of the lithologies through another optimization process using the expectation–maximization algorithm. We then classify the model cells into rock units according to the petrophysical and geological information. These two additional steps over the petrophysical and geological data result in a dynamic update of the reference model and associated weights and guide the inversion towards reproducing the expected petrophysical and geological characteristics. The resulting geophysical objective function does not require extra terms to include the additional petrophysical and geological information; this is an important distinction between our work and previous frameworks that carry out joint geophysical and petrophysical data inversion. We highlight different capabilities of our methodology by inverting magnetotelluric and direct-current resistivity data in 1-D and 2-D, respectively. Finally, we apply our framework to inverting airborne frequency domain data, acquired in Australia, for the detection and characterization of saline contamination of freshwater.
Explanation for the Increase in High‐Altitude Water on Mars Observed by NOMAD During the 2018 Global Dust Storm

The Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) instrument on board ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter measured a large increase in water vapor at altitudes in the range of 40–100 km during the 2018 global dust storm on Mars. Using a three‐dimensional general circulation model, we examine the mechanism responsible for the enhancement of water vapor in the upper atmosphere. Experiments with different prescribed vertical profiles of dust show that when more dust is present higher in the atmosphere, the temperature increases, and the amount of water ascending over the tropics is not limited by saturation until reaching heights of 70–100 km. The warmer temperatures allow more water to ascend to the mesosphere. Photochemical simulations show a strong increase in high‐altitude atomic hydrogen following the high‐altitude water vapor increase by a few days.