Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic activation of DNA damage signals causes tumor immune evasion in the chemoresistant niche

DNA damage responses have been proposed as a gatekeeper to block tumorigenesis. We identify unexpected mechanisms whereby ATM-mediated pathway interacts with NFκB inflammatory cascades, leading to upregulation of integrin-αbβ3 on chemoresistant tumor cells. The integrin-αbβ3 is responsible for impeding tumor-specific immune responses, linking chemoresistant niche with tumor immune evasion.
Use of diverse delayed correlation for an ML carrier frequency offset estimator in OFDM-based IEEE 802.11a WLANs

Estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) is an important issue in the design of a WLAN receiver that employs OFDM techniques. In this paper, a new and efficient CFO estimation scheme that uses the ten short training symbols specified in the IEEE 802.11a standard is proposed. This scheme, which we call DDC-ML, makes use of a diverse delayed correlation (DDC) skill in the ML estimator. We show that by using DDC-ML to estimate the CFO both large range and low variance of estimation error (VOER) can be attained. For AWGN channels under moderate signal to noise ratio (SNR) conditions, a mathematical analysis is developed to evaluate the VOER resulted from a CFO ML estimator that uses delayed correlation (DC-ML). The analysis was corroborated via simulations, and compared with the formulated Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). An optimum parameter combination for DC-ML estimator that can achieve minimum VOER was obtained. VOER for the DDC-ML operated in a multipath environment is also investigated via simulations. In addition, a new ambiguity resolution algorithm (ARA) for the DDC-ML is introduced and probability of false resolution is presented. Performances of DC-ML and DDC-ML are compared in terms of probability of estimation error.
Comparative nephrotoxicity of SCH 21420 and amikacin in rats

The nephrotoxic potentials of the new aminoglycoside SCH 21420 and amikacin were compared in a rat model. Groups of rats received 100, 200, 300, or 600 mg of either drug per kg per day for 14 days. Enzymuria, urine osmolality, protein excretion, and blood urea nitrogen were monitored at periodic intervals, whereas creatinine clearance and pathological changes were determined at sacrifice. Amikacin caused more enzymuria at the two lower doses as well as greater proteinuria and blood urea nitrogen elevations at the highest dose than did SCH 21420 (P less than 0.05). Pathological changes were more severe with amikacin than with SCH 21420 at the three lower doses (P less than 0.05); however, at the 600 mg/kg per day dose, the pathological scores and creatinine clearances of animals receiving either drug were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05).
Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine improves progression-free survival but not overall survival in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas: a randomized European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial.

PURPOSE Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are more responsive to chemotherapy than high-grade astrocytomas. We investigated, in a multicenter randomized controlled trial, whether adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy improves overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas or anaplastic oligoastrocytomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS The primary end point of the study was OS; secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicity. Patients were randomly assigned to either 59.4 Gy of radiotherapy (RT) in 33 fractions only or to the same RT followed by six cycles of standard PCV chemotherapy (RT/PCV). 1p and 19q deletions were assessed with fluorescent in situ hybridization. RESULTS A total of 368 patients were included. The median follow-up time was 60 months, and 59% of patients have died. In the RT arm, 82% of patients with tumor progression received chemotherapy. In 38% of patients in the RT/PCV arm, adjuvant PCV was discontinued for toxicity. OS time after RT/PCV was 40.3 months compared with 30.6 months after RT only (P = .23). RT/PCV increased PFS time compared with RT only (23 v 13.2 months, respectively; P = .0018). Twenty-five percent of patients were diagnosed with combined 1p/19q loss; 74% of this subgroup was still alive after 60 months. RT/PCV did not improve survival in the subgroup of patients with 1p/19q loss. CONCLUSION Adjuvant PCV chemotherapy does not prolong OS but does increase PFS in anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Combined loss of 1p/19q identifies a favorable subgroup of oligodendroglial tumors. No genetic subgroup could be identified that benefited with respect to OS from adjuvant PCV.
Optimal Power Allocation Strategies for Fading Cognitive Radio Channels with Primary User Outage Constraint

In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio (CR) network where a secondary (cognitive) user shares the spectrum for transmission with a primary (non-cognitive) user over block-fading (BF) channels. It is assumed that the primary user has a constant-rate, constant-power transmission, while the secondary user is able to adapt transmit power and rate allocation over different fading states based on the channel state information (CSI) of the CR network. We study a new type of constraint imposed over the secondary transmission to protect the primary user by limiting the maximum transmission outage probability of the primary user to be below a desired target. We derive the optimal power allocation strategies for the secondary user to maximize its ergodic/outage capacity, under the average/peak transmit power constraint along with the proposed primary user outage probability constraint. It is shown by simulations that the derived new power allocation strategies can achieve substantial capacity gains for the secondary user over the conventional methods based on the interference temperature (IT) constraint to protect the primary transmission, with the same resultant primary user outage probability.
Learning “New” Instructional Strategies: Pedagogical Innovation, Teacher Professional Development, Understanding and Concerns

Teacher professional development (TPD) through supported pedagogical innovations relies on teacher understanding (TU) of what is proposed, how the innovation can be enacted, and ways in which an innovation might be effectively adapted to local conditions. This article describes evolving TU during a 1-year reading comprehension innovation. Analysis, based on a two-dimensional neo-Bloomian framework, revealed that types of TU aligned with specific strategies used at specific times in the innovation program to some extent. Initial concerns about cultural appropriateness tended to fade as participating teachers came to their own understandings of how to employ the new instructional strategies. Other teacher concerns shifted from hypothetical to more concrete concerns about how to further enhance classroom interactions, evidencing evolving TU. Importantly, while examining in-class practices shows only the outcome of an innovation, tracking teachers’ developing understanding was important for gaining insights into the ongoing TPD process.
Visual Influence on Postural Control, With and Without Visual Motion Feedback

Body sway was investigated in 20 healthy subjects to determine whether visual input must contain motion feedback information from the surroundings in order to influence postural control. Posturography was used to record body sway under the following visual conditions: eyes open with or without a restricted visual field; eyes open in ganzfield white light; eyes open in darkness with a head-fixed visual target; eyes open in darkness; and eyes closed in darkness. Stance was perturbed by means of a pseudorandomly applied vibratory stimulation to the calf muscles. Least sway was found with eyes open in an unrestricted visual field but increased in a restricted visual field. Greatest sway was found without visual motion feedback, i.e. under the following conditions: eyes closed; eyes open in darkness; eyes open in ganzfield white light; and with a head-mounted fixation point. Sway was significantly ( p < 0.05) greater with eyes open in darkness compared with eyes closed during the initial 50 s with perturbations. After 150 s, sway was almost identical under the four test conditions without visual motion feedback. Standing with eyes open in darkness was initially a disadvantage compared with having the eyes closed. The postural control system may be programmed to expect visual feedback information when the eyes are open, which may delay changes in postural strategy.
PTSD Psychotherapy Outcome Predicted by Brain Activation During Emotional Reactivity and Regulation.

OBJECTIVE Exposure therapy is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but many patients do not respond. Brain functions governing treatment outcome are not well characterized. The authors examined brain systems relevant to emotional reactivity and regulation, constructs that are thought to be central to PTSD and exposure therapy effects, to identify the functional traits of individuals most likely to benefit from treatment. METHOD Individuals with PTSD underwent functional MRI (fMRI) while completing three tasks assessing emotional reactivity and regulation. Participants were then randomly assigned to immediate prolonged exposure treatment (N=36) or a waiting list condition (N=30). A random subset of the prolonged exposure group (N=17) underwent single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) concurrent with fMRI to examine whether predictive activation patterns reflect causal influence within circuits. Linear mixed-effects modeling in line with the intent-to-treat principle was used to examine how baseline brain function moderated the effect of treatment on PTSD symptoms. RESULTS At baseline, individuals with larger treatment-related symptom reductions (compared with the waiting list condition) demonstrated 1) greater dorsal prefrontal activation and 2) less left amygdala activation, both during emotion reactivity; 3) better inhibition of the left amygdala induced by single TMS pulses to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; and 4) greater ventromedial prefrontal/ventral striatal activation during emotional conflict regulation. Reappraisal-related activation was not a significant moderator of the treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS Capacity to benefit from prolonged exposure in PTSD is gated by the degree to which prefrontal resources are spontaneously engaged when superficially processing threat and adaptively mitigating emotional interference, but not when deliberately reducing negative emotionality.
Protease expression analysis in recently field-isolated strains of Trypanosoma cruzi: a heterogeneous profile of cysteine protease activities between TC I and TC II major phylogenetic groups

SUMMARY Protease expression among TCI and TCII field isolates was analysed. Gelatin-containing gels revealed hydrolysis bands with molecular masses ranging from 45 to 66 kDa. The general protease expression profile showed that TCII isolates presented higher heterogeneity compared to TCI. By utilizing protease inhibitors, we showed that all active proteases at acid pH are cysteine-proteases and all proteases active at alkaline pH are metalloproteases. However, the expression of cruzipain, the T. cruzi major cysteine-protease, did not reproduce a heterogeneous TCII cysteine zymogram profile. Dendogram analyses based on presence/absence matrices of proteases and cruzipain bands showed a TCI separation from the TCII group with 50–60% similarity. We suggest that the observed cysteine protease diversification contributes to differential host infection between TCI and II genotypes.
Rician Channel Modeling for Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber Setups

This letter discusses over-the-air (OTA) testing for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)-capable terminals, with emphasis on modeling Rician channel models in the multiprobe anechoic chamber setups. A technique to model Rician channels is proposed. The line-of-sight (LOS) component, within arbitrary polarization and an arbitrary impinging direction, and non-LOS (NLOS) component, with any impinging power angular spectrum (PAS), can be created. Simulation results show that the emulated Rician channels approximate the target models accurately in terms of field envelope distribution, K-factor, Doppler spectrum, and spatial correlation at the receiver (Rx) side.
B‐1 cells in the bone marrow are a significant source of natural IgM

Natural IgM antibodies secreted in the absence of antigenic challenge are important contributors to antimicrobial immunity and tissue homeostasis. Early studies identified BM and, to a lesser extent the spleen, as main tissue sources of this spontaneously secreted IgM. However, the responsible B‐cell subset has never been identified. Using multicolor flow cytometry, cell sorting and chimeric mice in which B‐1 and B‐2 cells and their secreted antibodies are distinguished by their Ig‐allotype, we unequivocally identify the natural IgM‐secreting cells in spleen and, for the first time, in the BM as IgM+ IgDlo/‐CD19hi CD43+ CD5+/− B‐1 cells. The newly identified population of BM B‐1 cells shows many of the phenotypic characteristics of splenic B‐1 cells but is distinct from B‐1 cells in the peritoneal cavity, which generate at best very small amounts of IgM. Antibody‐secreting spleen and BM B‐1 cells are distinct also from terminally differentiated plasma cells generated from antigen‐induced conventional B cells, as they express high levels of surface IgM and CD19 and lack expression of CD138. Overall, these data identify populations of non‐terminally differentiated B‐1 cells in spleen and BM as the most significant producers of natural IgM.
THE EXPLANATORY VALUE OF THE IDEA OF REINCARNATION

The idea of reincarnation is presented as having considerable explanatory value for several features of human personality and biology that currently accepted theories do not adequately clarify. Reincarnation is not offered as a substitute for present knowledge derived from genetics and understanding of environmental influences; it may, however, usefully supplement such knowledge. The present paper does not present evidence from cases suggestive of reincarnation. It does, however, cite cases of subjects who have claimed to remember previous lives, most of whose statements have been verified in the course of detailed investigations. For each case, a reference is provided to a detailed published case report furnishing the evidence in that case. The idea of reincarnation may contribute to an improved understanding of such diverse matters as: phobias and philias of childhood; skills not learned in early life; abnormalities of child-parent relationships; vendettas and bellicose nationalism; childhood sexuality and gender identity confusion; birthmarks, congenital deformities, and internal diseases; differences between members of monozygotic twin pairs; and abnormal appetites during pregnancy. Empirical studies of cases of the reincarnation type have so far not provided any evidence that justifies using reincarnation as an explanation for the occurrence of child prodigies or the large inequities in socioeconomic conditions of humans at birth.
Thoracic and lumbar vertebroplasties performed in US Medicare enrollees, 2001-2005.

finding that DPP4 enzymatic activity in nasal tissue biopsies taken from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis was inversely correlated with the density of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa, and the DPP4 activity increased when chronic sinusitis was treated. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inactivates the proinflammatory peptide substance P that is released by sensory nerve fibers of the nasal mucosa during neurogenic inflammation. In pigs, the administration of recombinant DPP4 considerably attenuated the proinflammatory effect of histamine and capsaicin that causes the release of substance P, as well as the effect of substance P itself. Therefore, DPP4 should be considered as a modulator of the proinflammatory action of substance P. The review by Amori et al also found a higher incidence of headaches in patients treated with gliptins but did not note whether these patients were the same as those who developed nasopharyngitis. Headache is a major symptom in chronic sinusitis in association with mucosal congestion and decreased sinus drainage. Furthermore, substance P is hypothesized to have a key role in certain forms of headache. These data suggest that DPP4 may play a significant role in the development of inflammatory processes in the upper airway mucosa. Consequently, it would be important to evaluate potential disadvantages of DPP4 inhibitor use in patients with diabetes who have chronic sinusitis and headache.
Delay of Gratification, Delay Discounting and their Associations with Age, Episodic Future Thinking, and Future Time Perspective

The delay of gratification (DoG) in children is widely investigated with an experimental procedure originally called the “marshmallow test,” whereas the studies on self-regulation (SR) in adolescents and adults usually use self-report questionnaires. Delay discounting (DD) measures simplify the DoG procedure and focus on monetary rewards. The aim of this study was to investigate age differences in DoG and DD from childhood to old age using a test that is suitable for both children and adults. Furthermore, investigations were conducted on the association between DoG/DD and two future orientation constructs [future time perspective (FTP) and episodic future thinking (EFT)] as well as age differences in these constructs. Participants from five age groups (9–14, 18–25, 35–55, 65–80, 80+) participated in the study (N = 96). While we found no age difference for DoG, DD was the lowest [i.e., self-control (SC) was the highest] in young/middle adults; however, it was the highest (i.e., SC was the lowest) in children and old/oldest adults. Furthermore, we found significant age differences for DD and FTP. As predicted, there were strong correlations between DoG and FTP and between DD and FTP, but not between DoG/DD and EFT. These results indicate that age differences in SR vary across the measures used. Individuals who generally think and act in a future-oriented manner have a stronger ability to delay gratification.
Biodegradation of a mixture of mononitrophenols in a packed-bed aerobic reactor

Aerobic biodegradation of individual mononitrophenols (4-, 3- and 2-NPs) and their mixture in simulated wastewater was investigated in a packed-bed bench scale bioreactor continuously operated in a flow mode, with a mixed microbial culture adsorbed on expanded slate. Under a low, suboptimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 min the reactor removed more than 3 g.L−1.day−1 of the NP mixture while maintaining a > 85–90% removal efficiency (RE). Under higher HRT values, starting at 45 min, more than 2 g.L−1.day−1 of the NP mixture were removed with an RE > 98%. Significant substrate interactions were observed; the addition of other NPs caused the saturation of 2-NP catabolic capacity whereas the addition of 2-NP caused the de-saturation of the 4- and 3-NP catabolic capacity. 3- and 4-NPs appeared to be removed independently, i.e., by different enzyme systems. After ten months of operation, the biofilm composition was significantly altered to become predominantly bacterial. Only one originally inoculated strain remained indicating microbial contamination followed by a genetic material exchange.
Estudio inmunologico de la hipodermosis bovina

Se realiza un estudio de la hipodermosis bovina bajo dos aspectos fundamentales: el inmunologico, y el epidemiologico. el estudio inmunologico comprende la elaboracion de dos antigenos diferentes a partir de las larvas i de h. lineatum, el antigeno somatico obtenido por homogenizacion de las larvas, y el antigeno excretor/secretor obtenido en medios de cultivo. la caracterizacion se realiza por sds-page, isoelectroenfoque y "western-blotting". el antigeno somatico se separa en cuatro fracciones de diferente peso molecular, de las cuales tres son antigenicas, y doce fracciones de punto isoelectrico distinto, de las que siete son antigenicas. el antigeno excretor/secretor se separa en cuatro fracciones de pesos moleculares iguales a los obtenidos en el antigeno somatico y con la misma capacidad reactiva antigenica, y nueve fracciones de diferente punto isoelectrico, de las cuales cuatro presentan caracter antigenico. el estudio epidemiologico se lleva a cabo por metodos directos de observacion de larvas i de h. lineatum en el esofago, y metodos indirectos mediante la tecnica de elisa, empleando ambos tipos de antigenos, y mediante el "western-blotting". la observacion directa de larvas de h. lineatum en el esofago, revela que la presencia de estas se extiende desde septiembre hasta diciembre, con una prevalencia de 9.53% y una intensidad media de parasitacion de 11.4 larvas por esofago. la seroprevalencia determinada por elisa con el antigeno somatico es del 22.07% del colectivo total estudiado, y del 67.24% de las explotaciones bovinas estudiadas. con el antigeno excretor/secretor la prevalencia es del 36.81%, y las explotaciones afectadas alcanzan el 79.31%. se utiliza el "western-blotting" para confirmar resultados dudosos, resultando una prevalencia total del 42.07%.
Reverse Pricing in Supply Chains: An Assessment of Sourcing Strategies

Reverse pricing as a special form of dynamic pricing has become a growing interest in e-commerce. It gives buyers an active role: The price of a transaction is not given by the supplier, but is mainly determined by the buyer's bid. This paper extends the coverage of current reverse pricing models to sourcing. The reason is that sourcing strategies, such as global, local, and multiple sourcing, greatly determine both structure and behavior of supply chains. The contribution is a new coordination mechanism that integrates reverse pricing and sourcing strategies. Our simulation study shows that this mechanism helps reducing order and inventory variances.
Short telomere length is associated with renal impairment in Japanese subjects with cardiovascular risk

Introduction Short telomere length has been suggested to be associated with atherosclerotic changes in Western populations. We examined the relationships between leukocyte telomere length and cardiovascular and renal function in a Japanese cohort. Participants and methods We enrolled 770 subjects who each had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. The mean age was 59.5 ± 12.2 years; mean BMI was 25.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2. We measured leukocyte telomere length (LTL) by quantitative PCR (T/S ratio), and measured other biomarkers from blood and urine samples. In addition, we assessed surrogate markers of arterial stiffness, cardiovascular organ damage and kidney function, including flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid artery augmentation index (CAAI), and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and eGFR. Results Leukocyte telomere length (T/S ratio) was inversely associated with age (r = -0.194, P<0.001), and was lower in men (1.13 ± 0.29%) than in women (1.20 ± 0.31%, P = 0.002). T/S ratio was positively associated with BMI in women (r = 0.11, P = 0.047), but not in men. LTL did not show a significant relationship to cardiovascular surrogate markers, including arterial stiffness, FMD, and PWV, but did show some relationship to CAAI, which was inversely associated with T/S ratio only in men (r = -0.159, P = 0.015). LTL did show a significant positive association with renal function measured by eGFR (r = 0.16, P<0.001) both in men and women. Conclusions In this Japanese sample of persons with increased cardiovascular risk, telomere length showed a relationship of longer telomere length to better renal function, but did not overall show convincing association with cardiovascular measures of arterial stiffness and target organ damage.