Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-resolution ice cores from US ITASE (West Antarctica): development and validation of chronologies and determination of precision and accuracy

Abstract Shallow ice cores were obtained from widely distributed sites across the West Antarctic ice sheet, as part of the United States portion of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (US ITASE) program. The US ITASE cores have been dated by annual-layer counting, primarily through the identification of summer peaks in non-sea-salt sulfate (nssSO4 2–) concentration. Absolute dating accuracy of better than 2 years and relative dating accuracy better than 1 year is demonstrated by the identification of multiple volcanic marker horizons in each of the cores, Tambora, Indonesia (1815), being the most prominent. Independent validation is provided by the tracing of isochronal layers from site to site using high-frequency ice-penetrating radar observations, and by the timing of mid-winter warming events in stable-isotope ratios, which demonstrate significantly better than 1 year accuracy in the last 20 years. Dating precision to ±1 month is demonstrated by the occurrence of summer nitrate peaks and stable-isotope ratios in phase with nssSO4 2–, and winter-time sea-salt peaks out of phase, with phase variation of <1 month. Dating precision and accuracy are uniform with depth, for at least the last 100 years.
The MiniMed continuous glucose monitoring system.

S-13 DIABETES is a major source of morbidity, mortality, and economic expense. All patients with type 1 diabetes and an estimated 3–4 million patients in the United States with type 2 diabetes must take insulin to control their glucose levels. The majority of these patients selfmonitor their blood glucose one or more times each day, using fingerstick blood sampling and analysis with a portable glucose meter device. Approximately 200,000 type 1 diabetes patients in the United States practice intensive insulin therapy, requiring four or more blood glucose measurements each day coupled with either multiple daily injections of insulin or an insulin pump. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) clearly demonstrated the importance of frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in attaining tight glycemic control.1 Patients undergoing intensive therapy had a 39–76% reduced occurrence of long-term complications as compared to patients treated with conventional therapy. The primary drawback of intensive therapy was a threefold increase in the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia, despite performing four or more SMBG tests per day. Consequently, methods to improve the ability to achieve intensive control without hypoglycemia are being explored. There is a tremendous need to develop and commercialize a truly simple, accurate method of measuring glucose that can provide a basis for more accurate and directed disease selfmanagement. Generally, it is not practical to perform SMBG frequently enough throughout the day to accurately identify every blood glucose excursion. MiniMed® has taken a first step in advancing the practice of glucose self-monitoring by developing a short-term, continuous glucose sensor. The sensor is inserted subcutaneously and is capable of reliable operation for up to 3 days, followed by replacement with a new sensor at a different location, if necessary. The assay method is based on electrochemical detection of glucose through its reaction with glucose oxidase. Data are collected once every 5 min by a pager-sized monitor device and can be periodically downloaded into a computer for analysis and interpretation. In future product iterations, the sensor will function as a hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia alarm, by notifying the user when blood glucose levels reach preselected thresholds (such as 60 mg/dL and 200 mg/dL), and will provide real-time glucose readouts. The alarm feature will be especially important in patients with hypoglycemic unawareness, which is believed to occur in anywhere from 25% to 50% of patients with type 1 diabetes,2 especially those who have neuropathy or those without complications who are following intensive glycemic control regimens.3 Fanelli et al.4 have shown that meticulous control to prevent low glucose excursions can result in a significant recovery of hypoglycemic awareness.
The representation of women on the editorial boards of major medical journals: a 35-year perspective.

I n their recent landmark report on gender bias in science and engineering, the National Academy of Sciences and Institute of Medicine called for “reasonable representation of women on editorial boards and in other significant leadership positions. ” Indeed, membership on the editorial board of a major medical journal is a highly visible, prestigious appointment and affords one the opportunity to have a substantial impact on the nature of the published scholarly discourse of academic medicine. Despite the increased entry of women into the medical profession over the past several decades, with women constituting half of the current medical school class, some have suggested that women may remain substantially underrepresented in senior leadership positions, including editorial positions at biomedical journals.
Apolipoprotein E genotype in schizophrenia: frequency, age of onset, and neuropathologic features

A POLIPOPROTEIN E (ApoE) genotype has been found to affect the expression of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. We determined ApoE genotype frequencies and their relationship to clinical and pathological features in a diverse cohort of individuals with schizophrenia. There were no differences in ApoE ε genotype frequencies between schizophrenics and controls. However, the ApoE '4 genotype was associated with a younger age of onset of schizophrenia, and in an elderly subsample, individuals with the ε4 allele more frequently exhibited co-existent dementia and had more neurofibrillary pathology (although none of the cases met criteria for Alzheimer's disease). This examination of ApoE in relation to clinical and neurobiological features of schizophrenia suggests that it modifies the phenotypic expression of the disease.
Comparison of the efficacy of amphotericin B and fluconazole in the treatment of cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: retrospective analysis of 83 cases. French Cryptococcosis Study Group.

We retrospectively analyzed clinical outcome of meningeal and extrameningeal cryptococcosis in HIV-negative patients treated with amphotericin B (43 patients) or fluconazole (40 patients). Amphotericin B and fluconazole were prescribed equally to patients with neoplastic diseases and no risk factor, but organ transplant recipients and patients with other diseases were mostly given fluconazole and amphotericin B, respectively. Patients with more severe infections (i.e., meningitis, neurological disorders, or higher levels of antigen in cerebrospinal fluid) were more frequently treated with amphotericin B. A cure rate of > 70% was achieved regardless of the initial treatment and the severity of the infection. A Cox regression analysis showed that age of > 60 years, neoplastic disease, abnormal mental status, disseminated infection at the time of diagnosis, and therapeutic failure were independent predictors of death. Although fluconazole appears to be as effective as amphotericin B, only a prospective multicenter study will determine the best treatment regimen for patients with cryptococcal meningitis who do not have AIDS.
McClellandâs motivational needs: A case study of physical education teachers in West Azarbaijan

The purpose of this study WAs a survey motivational needs the physical education (P.E.) teachers based on McClelland’s theory in west Azerbaijan. Data were collected by research designed 11-item Junker’s questionnaire which measures motivational needs based on McClelland’s trichotomy of needs (need for achievement, power and affiliation). It was possible to mark only one section in each item. The external validity was verified by the experts and professors also its reliability was calculated in a pilot study (α=0.90). 241 subjects (165 males and 76 females) were randomly selected (based on Morgan table output for 640 people). The data was analyzed by the Chi-Square test at 0.05 significance level. Research results indicated that the need for achievement, affiliation and power were respectively in the teachers motivational priorities (p=0.05). However the order of the motivational priorities was not different in between two sexes. Consequently, it is proposed that the administrative authorities and Organizations in responsible should implement appropriate strategies to support P. E. teachers’ needs according to their motivators, exclusively for their need for achievement to create conditions to increase advantages their satisfaction and motivation.
Catecholaminergic regulation of venous function in the rainbow trout

Zhang, Yutong, Leroy Weaver, Jr., Andrew Ibeawuchi, and Kenneth R. Olson. Catecholaminergic regulation of venous function in the rainbow trout. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 43): R1195–R1202, 1998. —The significance of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in regulating peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac function in fish has been well established, whereas its effect on venous function in vivo is unknown. Two protocols were employed in the present study to evaluate SNS effects on the venous system in intact, unanesthetized trout. In the first, trout were instrumented with pressure cannulas in the ventral (PVA) and dorsal (PDA) aortas and ductus Cuvier (PVEN), and cardiac output (CO) was measured with a flow probe around the ventral aorta. Heart rate, stroke volume, and gill and systemic resistances were calculated from the measured parameters. In the second group, vascular capacitance curves were obtained by monitoring mean circulatory filling pressure (PVEN) during transient interruption of CO and while blood volume was adjusted between 80 and 120% of normal. Unstressed blood volume (USBV) and vascular compliance (C) were derived from the capacitance curves. Infusion of epinephrine (Epi; 3.3 nmol ·min21 ·kg body wt21) increased PVA, PDA, and PVEN, whereas norepinephrine (NE) infusion (3.3 nmol ·min21 ·kg body wt21) increased PVA and PDA but did not affect PVEN. Epi (1.0 nmol ·min21 ·kg body wt21), but not NE (2.6 or 10.4 nmol ·min21 ·kg body wt21), displaced the capacitance curve to the right and significantly decreased USBV. Inhibition of a1-adrenoceptors with prazosin, or ganglionic nicotinic receptor blockade with hexamethonium, produced a left shift in the capacitance curve, and both treatments increased USBV and C. Conversely, the a-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine did not effect vascular capacitance. These results show that Epi has potent effects on trout veins in vivo and that it mobilizes blood from the unstressed into the stressed vascular compartment and augments central venous pressure by decreasing venous compliance. These results also show that the SNS is an active effector of venous tone and compliance in trout; this is the first demonstration of tonic regulation of vascular capacitance in any fish.
The Chicken Serotonin Transporter Discriminates between Serotonin-selective Reuptake Inhibitors

The serotonin transporter (SERT) belongs to a family of sodium chloride-dependent transporters responsible for uptake of amino acids and biogenic amines from extracellular spaces. SERT represents the main pharmacological target in the treatment of several clinical conditions, including depression and anxiety. Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants are the most predominantly prescribed drugs in the treatment of depression. In addition to antidepressants also psychostimulants, like cocaine and amphetamines, are important SERT antagonists. In the present study, we report the cloning and characterization of chicken SERT. Although the uptake kinetic was very similar to human SERT, the pharmacological profiles differed considerably for the two species. We find that chicken SERT is capable of discriminating between different serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors; thus, the potency of S-citalopram and paroxetine is reduced more than 40-fold. A cross-species chimera strategy was undertaken and followed by species-scanning mutagenesis. Differences in pharmacological profiles were tracked to amino acid residues 169, 172, and 586 in human SERT. Structure-activity studies on structurally related compounds indicated that species divergences in drug sensitivity between human and chicken SERT were arising from differences in coordination or recognition of an important aminomethyl pharmacophoric substructure, which is shared by all high affinity antidepressants. Consequently, we suggest that Ala169 and Ile172 of human SERT are important residues in sensing the N-methylation state of SERT antagonists.
Business, family, and resource intermingling characteristics as predictors of cash flow problems in family-owned businesses

Virginia S. Zuiker, Yoon G. Lee, Patricia D. Olson, Sharon M. Danes, Amy N. Van Guilder Dik, and Mary Jo KatrasThis study reports results from the Cooperative Regional Research Project, NE-167R, 'Family Businesses: Interaction in Work and Family Spheres,' partially supported by the Cooperative States Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Experiment Stations at University of Hawaii at Manoa, University of Illinois, Purdue University (Indiana), Iowa State University, Michigan State University, University of Minnesota, Montana State University, University of Nebraska, Cornell University (New York), North Dakota State University, The Ohio State University, The Pennsylvania State University, Texas A & M University, Utah State University, The University of Vermont, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (for The University of Manitoba).
Team-Based Learning in Pharmacy Education

Instructors wanting to engage students in the classroom seek methods to augment the delivery of factual information and help students move from being passive recipients to active participants in their own learning. One such method that has gained interest is team-based learning. This method encourages students to be prepared before class and has students work in teams while in the classroom. Key benefits to this pedagogy are student engagement, improved communication skills, and enhanced critical-thinking abilities. In most cases, student satisfaction and academic performance are also noted. This paper reviews the fundamentals of team-based learning in pharmacy education and its implementation in the classroom. Literature reports from medical, nursing, and pharmacy programs are also discussed.
Impact of a Rheumatology Consultation Service on the Diagnostic Accuracy and Management of Gout in Hospitalized Patients

Objective. To determine if a hospital rheumatology consultation service improves diagnostic accuracy and adherence to treatment recommendations for gout. Methods. This was a retrospective, single-center, case-control study of consecutive hospitalized patients with gout. Demographic, diagnostic, and treatment variables were compared in patients with and without a rheumatology consultation (controls). American College of Rheumatology (ACR) preliminary criteria for the classification of acute gout and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations were used to determine diagnostic accuracy. Adherence to EULAR drug management recommendations and Quality Indicators for treatment were compared between groups. Results. In total, 138 patients were studied. The mean (SD) age was 71.3 (13.4) years and 70% were men. Forty-eight (35%) patients had gout on admission, 90 (65%) during their hospital stay, and 8 (6%) had multiple attacks. A total of 79 (57%) patients had a rheumatology consultation. These patients had more joints involved (p < 0.001), more frequent synovial fluid analysis (p < 0.001), and fulfilled ACR classification criteria more frequently than those who did not have a rheumatology consultation (65% vs 37%; p = 0.002). Intraarticular corticosteroid use was more common (44% vs 12%; p < 0.001) in patients who were seen by rheumatology. In contrast, colchicine was used more frequently in controls (63% vs 40%; p = 0.006). Patients seen by rheumatology were more likely to use nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or colchicine for gout prophylaxis while titrating allopurinol to target (p = 0.033). Conclusion. A rheumatology consultation service for hospitalized patients with gout significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and adherence to established guidelines for short and longterm treatment.
Error estimates for Galerkin approximations of the "classical" Boussinesq system

We consider the ‘classical’ Boussinesq system in one space dimension and its symmetric analog. These systems model two-way propagation of nonlinear, dispersive long waves of small amplitude on the surface of an ideal fluid in a uniform horizontal channel. We discretize an initial-boundary-value problem for these systems in space using Galerkin-finite element methods and prove error estimates for the resulting semidiscrete problems and also for their fully discrete analogs effected by explicit Runge-Kutta time-stepping procedures. The theoretical orders of convergence obtained are consistent with the results of numerical experiments that are also presented.
Immune Recognition

The book consists of seven chapters each of which deals with a specific aspect of interferon action and production. The chapters are essentially compilations of research papers presented at the meeting by scientists from different laboratories. Interestingly, they also include the proceedings of the question-answer sessions that followed the presentations. A small general introduction to the topic of each chapter would have helped the reader. The first chapter deals with the uptake of interferon by somatic cell hybrids. The second chapter deals with the mechanism and regulation of interferon induction. The third chapter is on the antagonists of interferon action. The fourth and fifth chapters cover the interactions with the immune system and other non-antiviral effects of interferon respectively. The sixth chapter deals with the mechanism of antiviral action of interferon at the molecular level and the last chapter contains miscellaneous aspects not discussed in other chapters. Almost all laboratories, actively engaged in interferon-research, were represented in the meeting. Hence the book provides the entire spectrum of knowledge about interferon available at that time. It also introduces the neophyte to the complexity and the challenge of the field, though understandably it does not provide simple answers to the numerous questions related to interferon. For investigators engaged in interferon-research themselves, the book, though partly outdated due to the two years delay in publication, will serve as a handy reference source for factual details of this field. It is my opinion that a concluding chapter, outlining the basic concepts emerging from the volumes of data, and sorting out hard facts from preliminary indications, would have contributed to the usefulness of this publication.
An aperture back-projection technique and measurements made on a flat plate array with a spherical near-field arch

We describe two theoretical bases for an algorithm for back-projection. The first is (1) Fourier inversion of the mathematical expression for the far electric field components in terms of the aperture electric field. The second is (2) Fourier inversion of the complete vectorial transmitting characteristic of Kerns' scattering matrix. It is this characteristic that results from the standard process of planar near-field (PNF) scanning and the ensuing reduction of the PNF transmission equation. We demonstrate that the theoretical approaches (1) and (2) yield identical back-projection algorithms. We report on back-projection measurements of an 18 inch X-band flat plate phased array using the far-field obtained from spherical near-field scanning. The spherical measurements were made on a large arch range.
ON THE SURJECTIVITY OF THE POWER MAPS OF SEMISIMPLE ALGEBRAIC GROUPS

In this paper we study the surjectivity of the power maps gg n for semisimple algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary charac- teristic. We describe certain necessary and sufficient conditions for surjectivity to hold. The results are applied to characterize the exponentiality of such groups.
MiR‐142‐3p as a potential prognostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

microRNAs (miRNAs), small non‐coding RNAs, are always aberrantly expressed in many diseases including human cancers. The aim of this study was to examine and determine the clinical significance of hsa‐miR‐31, hsa‐miR‐142‐3p, hsa‐miR‐338‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐1261 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Surveillance of Mental Disorders in Québec: Prevalence, Mortality and Service Utilization Profile

Studies have shown that all mental disorders are associated with excess mortality (Lawrence et al., 2010; Roest et al., 2010; Murphy et al., 2010). Mental disorders are particularly associated with suicide, and represent 50% to 60% of the population-attributable fraction of suicide risk (Arsenault-Lapierre et al., 2004; Cavanagh et al., 2003). Yet, suicide is not the only explanation for excess mortality associated with mental disorders.
In Vivo and In Vitro Studies of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Expression in Helicobacter pyloriInfection

ABSTRACT Modifications of mucosal phospholipids have been detected in samples from patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive gastritis. These alterations appear secondary to increased phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2). The cytosolic form of this enzyme (cPLA2), normally involved in cellular signaling and growth, has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate cPLA2 expression and PLA2 activity in the gastric mucosae of patients with and without H. pylori infection. In gastric biopsies from 10H. pylori-positive patients, cPLA2 levels, levels of mRNA as determined by reverse transcriptase PCR, levels of protein as determined by immunohistochemistry, and total PLA2 activity were higher than in 10 H. pylori-negative gastritis patients. To clarify whether H. pylori had a direct effect on the cellular expression of cPLA2, we studied cPLA2 expression in vitro with different human epithelial cell lines, one from a patient with larynx carcinoma (i.e., HEp-2 cells) and two from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (i.e., AGS and MKN 28 cells), incubated with differentH. pylori strains. The levels of cPLA2, mRNA, and protein expression were unchanged in Hep-2 cells independently of cellular adhesion or invasion of the bacteria. Moreover, no change in cPLA2 protein expression was observed in AGS or MKN 28 cells treated with wild-type H. pylori. In conclusion, our study shows increased cPLA2 expression and PLA2activity in the gastric mucosae of patients with H. pyloriinfection and no change in epithelial cell lines exposed to H. pylori.