Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Manifestation of glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 in female patients with bleomycin-positive chromosome instability].

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research is to assess the incidence of gene polymorphisms coding the GSTM1 and GSTT1 enzymes in a population of female patients with chromosome instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PCR method was used to determine the genotype for GSTM1 and GSTT1. The breaks per cell and the percentage of damaged cells were calculated. The separation point used to diagnose chromosome instability in tested females was assumed to be 2.5. RESULTS In a tested population of 85 females with chromosome instability, the deletion of both the alleles of the GSTT1 gene was observed in 22 females (25% of the group) and deletion of both the alleles of the GSTM1 gene was observed in 42 females (53% of the group). In addition, the incidence of individual genes was calculated for the tested population. The X2 test showed that the differences between the observed and expected values of the tested genes were statistically immaterial, i.e. the likelihood of randomness for these differences exceeded 99%. CONCLUSIONS No relationship between the manifestation of genotypes for the GSTM1 and GSTT1 glutathione S-transferases and an increased chromosome instability confirmed with the bleomycin test was proven for a population of females with a neoplastic risk.
Globus hystericus—A manifestation of reflux oesophagitis?

THE term globus hystericus is used to describe those patients complaining of a choking sensation, discomfort or lump in the throat, in whom no causal factor can be determined. Hystericus infers a neurotic basis to the symptoms, although, usually an hysterical personality is lacking. Despite the absence of objective findings in the pharynx or oesophagus, the symptoms appear very real to the patient. Moreover, the symptom pattern is so similar in many of the patients, it seems probable that a physiological, rather than psychological basis is responsible.
Mergers and Target Transparency

Abstract We empirically investigate the hypothesis that the less transparent (more difficult to value) the target’s assets are the more likely it is that the acquiring firm can obtain higher short- and long-term returns. We analyze a sample of 1,538 friendly acquisitions partitioned in two separate dimensions: acquisitions of public versus private firms, and acquisitions of a firm’s assets versus acquisitions of a firm’s assets and its management. Using a sample of (nondiversifying) real estate transactions with a public REIT as the acquirer, we find that acquisitions of public firms have insignificant short-term abnormal returns. Acquisitions of private targets have positive and significant short-term abnormal returns. The acquirer’s abnormal returns are higher in both cases when the transactions involve acquisition of the target firm’s management. We find parallel results when analyzing the acquirer’s Q over the merger year and the three following years. Our conclusions are robust to the type of financing (cash, stock, or a combination) used in the acquisition.
Mean platelet volume in Korean patients with acute ischemic stroke: A gender difference

Mean platelet volume (MPV) is the most commonly used measure of platelet size [1]. MPV is determined directly from the platelet distribution curve analysis in automated hematology analyzers and used as a surrogate marker of platelet production and function [2, 3]. We previously studied that MPV showed significant differences in Korean patients with hepatic diseases [4]. Recently, Ha et al. reported a very interesting article about stroke prediction with MPV. Some other recent studies have presented that elevated MPV is linked with hypertension, peripheral artery disease and stroke, all of which are related to atherosclerosis [1, 2, 5, 6]. It has been also reported that larger platelets are enzymatically and metabolically more active and thrombophilic than smaller ones, although it is still on a debate [5, 7]. Therefore, in this study, we planned to investigate this platelet index in Korean patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The study included 166 patients with newly diagnosed with AIS and 8 individuals of transient ischemic attack (TIA) for patients group at Kyung Hee University Hospital, a tertiary teaching hospital in Seoul, Korea, between November 2010 and August 2011. For the control group, 311 subjects for medical check-ups were enrolled in our hospital, which were used as controls in the previous study [4]. Patients were diagnosed to AIS or TIA by physical examinations and radiologic findings. These clinical data were collected through a medical chart review. ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis were used to compare means in our study. Blood sampling was performed through venepuncture and MPV was measured using EDTA-containing tubes in Advia 2120 (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA) within 2 h. The statistical analyses were performed with MedCalc v11.6 (MedCalc Software, Mariakerke, Belgium) and Excel 2007 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA). Statistical significance was set at p1⁄4 0.05. Mean age of patient group was 54.33 (14–84 year), and male to female ratio was 108:58. Mean of MPV levels was 7.92 fl (6.5–12.1 fl) in patient group and did not significantly increased in patient group than control group. However, there was a gender difference, which showed increased MPV levels in female AIS patients than male (Figure 1). Cemin et al. [7] also pointed out gender specificity that MPV is higher in female than in male with AMI. Therefore, the further study with more patients should be followed to assess the usefulness of MPV in AIS and investigate the meaning of gender difference of MPV in various atherosclerotic diseases. We previously reported that there was a gender difference in protein S activity of ischemic stroke patients [8]. Investigation of gender differences in various coagulationassociated laboratory tests must be followed in the near future.
YIELD AND COSTS OF SCREENING GROWTH-RETARDED INFANTS FOR TORCH INFECTIONS

Many infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are screened for TORCH infections. The yield and costs of such a practice may not be justifiable. Medical charts of infants with IUGR who had a workup for toxoplasmosis, other (infections), rubella, cytomegalovirus (infection), and herpes (simplex) (titer) (TORCH) infections were reviewed for the presence of clinical findings, laboratory and head ultrasound abnormalities associated with intrauterine infections. Maternal charts and reports of placental pathology were reviewed for identifying maternal illnesses and placental causes associated with IUGR. Seventy-five out of 182 infants (41%) with IUGR had a workup for TORCH infection. Maternal conditions associated with IUGR included: pregnancy-induced hypertension (19%), tobacco use (43%), alcohol abuse (21%), illicit drug use (24%), chronic hypertension, diabetic vasculopathy or collagen vascular disease (12%), and multiple gestation (3%). Placental pathology was available in 53/75 cases. Thirty-six of fifty-three (67%) placentae had abnormalities associated with IUGR: placental infarcts (22 of 36), vasculitis/villitis (15 of 36), placenta previa (1 of 36), abruptio placenta (2 of 36), and velamentous insertion of umbilical cord (1 of 36). Clinical findings among infants included hepatosplenomegaly, cataract or rash (1 of 75), thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia and/or direct hyperbilirubinemia (11 of 75). Seven out of 75 infants had dysmorphic features. None of the infants (0 of 75) had positive IgM titers for toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), or herpes simplex virus (HSV). No infants (0 of 43) had elevated total IgM titers; one infant (1 of 57) had a positive urine culture for CMV. One infant had evidence of calcifications on head ultrasound and a second infant had hydrocephalus (2 of 43). The costs associated with workup for TORCH infections among 75 infants included: TORCH titers determination: $17,816, total IgM titers: $1318, urine culture for CMV: $5734, and head ultrasound: $28,165. The yield of workup for TORCH infection among infants with IUGR is poor and does not justify the incurred costs.
The Ethics of the Corporate Income Tax

The taxation of the profits of incorporated businesses is one of the main reasons that curtails the sustainable future growth in business. It stifles the process of capital accumulation and the entrepreneurial process of discovery. The result is that the tax is an immoral one: it is a populist tax that keeps people poor and let them believe they do not pay but others do pay the tax. For the businesses sector probably the best strategy to stop “paying” taxes is to play the ethical trump card as the main motivation to abolish the corporate income tax
Job satisfaction and horizontal violence in hospital staff registered nurses: the mediating role of peer relationships.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To describe the association between horizontal violence and job satisfaction in hospital staff registered nurses and the degree to which peer relationships mediates the relationship. Additionally, the association between nurse and work characteristics and job satisfaction were determined. BACKGROUND Horizontal violence is a major predictor of nurses' job satisfaction. Yet, not enough is known about the relationship between these variables. Job satisfaction is an important variable to study because it is a predictor of patient care quality and safety internationally. Peer relationships, a job satisfier for nurses, was identified as a potential mediator in the association between horizontal violence and job satisfaction. DESIGN Cross-sectional mediational model testing. METHODS An anonymous four-part survey of a random sample of 175 hospital staff registered nurses working in California provided the data. Data about horizontal violence, peer relationships, job satisfaction, and nurse and work characteristics were collected between March-August 2010. RESULTS A statistically significant negative relationship was found between horizontal violence and peer relationships, job satisfaction and a statistically significant positive relationship was found between peer relationships and job satisfaction. Peer relationships mediated the association between horizontal violence and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was reported as higher by nurses who worked in teaching hospitals. There were no statistically significant differences in job satisfaction based on gender, ethnicity, basic registered nurse education, highest degree held, size of hospital or clinical area. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that peer relationships can attenuate the negative relationship between horizontal violence and job satisfaction. This adds to the extant literature on the relationship between horizontal violence and job satisfaction. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The findings highlight peer relationships as an important factor when considering effective interventions that foster hospital staff registered nurses' job satisfaction in the presence of horizontal violence.
Systemic Risk and Late Resolution of Economic Shocks∗

This paper provides empirical evidence for slow processing of information related to economic shocks on financial markets. On average, shocks of single firms that affect an entire system of other firms resolve after approximately 1.5 months. We find that this late resolution of economic shocks is significantly related to the information uncertainty about firms that receive shocks: Shocks are processed more slowly if uncertainty is lower, as then investors are more surprised by the spillover of negative information and it takes them more time to reassess prices. During crises, however, uncertainty can amplify slow information processing. We show that popular systemic risk measures do not capture the late resolution of economic shocks and, thus, substantially underestimate systemic risk. We extend these measures to estimate a firm’s total systemic risk contribution. Based on a broad sample of international financial firms, we find that structural differences between different financial sectors are almost as important to explain systemic risk as the size and type of single firms. This finding supports macro-prudential efforts in excess of firm-specific (SIFI) regulation in order to stabilize market structures.
The Role of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Achieving Optimal Treatment

The clinical practice of European cardiologists is directed by the European Society of Cardiology’s guidelines for several clinical entities, in which ‘optimal medical treatment’ (a specific drug regime and lifestyle measures) for each syndrome is defined. The described pharmacotherapy is composed of several drugs, since the clinical research behind the recommendations is conducted using an ‘on top of’ strategy. For example, an asymptomatic patient after an acute coronary syndrome with normal ventricular function and without residual ischaemia has an indication to take at least four types of tablets per day, which is difficult to understand and to follow long term. The cost of the drugs is sometimes beyond the patient’s means, which also contributes to lower compliance. A clinician’s practice is usually very busy, which means it is almost impossible to perform patient education and promote adherence to drug therapy and lifestyle changes. Cardiac rehabilitation, as proved by the Global Secondary Prevention Strategies to Limit Event Recurrence after Myocardial Infarction (GOSPEL) study, may be considered the best available secondary prevention programme, as it educates patients and promotes adherence to the optimal medical treatment to a greater degree than usual care.
The Response Regulator SprE (RssB) Modulates Polyadenylation and mRNA Stability in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT In Escherichia coli, the adaptor protein SprE (RssB) controls the stability of the alternate sigma factor RpoS (σ38 and σS). When nutrients are abundant, SprE binds RpoS and delivers it to ClpXP for degradation, but when carbon sources are depleted, this process is inhibited. It also has been noted that overproduction of SprE is toxic. Here we show that null mutations in pcnB, encoding poly(A) polymerase I (PAP I), and in hfq, encoding the RNA chaperone Hfq, suppress this toxicity. Since PAP I, in conjunction with Hfq, is responsible for targeting RNAs, including mRNAs, for degradation by adding poly(A) tails onto their 3′ ends, these data indicate that SprE helps modulate the polyadenylation pathway in E. coli. Indeed, in exponentially growing cells, sprE deletion mutants exhibit significantly reduced levels of polyadenylation and increased stability of specific mRNAs, similar to what is observed in a PAP I-deficient strain. In stationary phase, we show that SprE changes the intracellular localization of PAP I. Taken together, we propose that SprE plays a multifunctional role in controlling the transcriptome, regulating what is made via its effects on RpoS, and modulating what is degraded via its effects on polyadenylation and turnover of specific mRNAs.
Pathway‐dependent modulation by P2‐purinoceptors in the mouse retina

Adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) activates purinoceptors and acts as a neurotransmitter in the nervous system. In the retina, we previously reported that the immunohistochemical distribution of the subset of P2‐purinoceptors differs between the ON and OFF pathways. Here, we investigated whether ATP activates P2‐purinoceptors and modulates the physiological function of the mouse retina. We also examined if signal processing by P2‐purinoceptors is pathway specific. Results showed that ATP activated both ON‐ and OFF‐cholinergic amacrine cells. However, responses in OFF‐cholinergic amacrine cells were greater than those in ON‐cholinergic amacrine cells. Pharmacological studies in OFF‐cholinergic amacrine cells showed that the response of OFF‐cholinergic amacrine cells is mediated P2X2‐purinoceptors. Further, ATP increased γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in OFF‐ but not ON‐cholinergic amacrine cells. The increase in GABAergic IPSCs was mediated by P2‐purinoceptors. P2‐purinoceptor‐mediated signals suppressed OFF ganglion cells but activated ON ganglion cells. Our findings indicate that ATP physiologically modulates signal processing of the ON and OFF pathways in a pathway‐specific manner through P2‐purinoceptors.
Functional homologs of the Arabidopsis RPM1 disease resistance gene in bean and pea.

We showed that a bacterial avirulence (avr) gene function, avrPpiA1, from the pea pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv pisi, is recognized by some, but not all, genotypes of Arabidopsis. Thus, an avr gene functionally defined on a crop species is also an avr gene on Arabidopsis. The activity of avrPpiA1 on a series of Arabidopsis genotypes is identical to that of the avrRpm1 gene from P.s. pv maculicola previously defined using Arabidopsis. The two avr genes are homologous and encode nearly identical predicted products. Moreover, this conserved avr function is also recognized by some bean and pea cultivars in what has been shown to be a gene-for-gene manner. We further demonstrated that the Arabidopsis disease resistance locus, RPM1, conditioning resistance to avrRpm1, also conditions resistance to bacterial strains carrying avrPpiA1. Therefore, bean, pea, and conceivably other crop species contain functional and potentially molecular homologs of RPM1.
6000 Years Of Housing

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Can an Internet Adoption Framework be Developed for SMEs in South Africa

Abstract Over two billion people across the globe are now connected to the Internet and the numbers are growing at approximately 200 million people per annum, attracting focus by businesses and governments especially pertaining to contributing to economic growth. Small and medium enterprises (SME) as engines of growth for South Africa, given that they have proved to provide over 50 per cent of employment in many economies, cannot be left out of the technology race. An adoption of Internet would leapfrog these SMEs to levels beyond survival but lead to sustainable businesses. This study 1 1 In association with UNISA Graduate School of Business Leadership (UNISA SBL). investigated the viability of the development of an Internet adoption framework that is appropriate to the needs of SMEs in South Africa. SMEs in South Africa have been slow to adopt Internet technologies owing to the development and implementation of an Internet framework could best serve the SME sector needs. In-depth interviews were conducted with SMEs to investigate the levels of adoption by SMEs and an analysis of the current Internet supply ecosystem was conducted. The research results reveal that SME are using what is available but not to full capacity to enable their business to thrive, given the benefits provided by Internet technologies. Their slow adoption is due to; lack of infrastructure and skills, lack of cyber laws, which will provide trust, slow Internet speed and high costs of connection. The results also provided a positive outlook towards ascertaining if an Internet framework can be developed to serve the needs of SMEs in South Africa, if government is to take the lead facilitator role.
Polyploid formation pathways have an impact on genetic rearrangements in resynthesized Brassica napus.

• Polyploids can be produced by the union of unreduced gametes or through somatic doubling of F(1) interspecific hybrids. The first route is suspected to produce allopolyploid species under natural conditions, whereas experimental data have only been thoroughly gathered for the latter. • We analyzed the meiotic behavior of an F(1) interspecific hybrid (by crossing Brassica oleracea and B.rapa, progenitors of B.napus) and the extent to which recombined homoeologous chromosomes were transmitted to its progeny. These results were then compared with results obtained for a plant generated by somatic doubling of this F₁ hybrid (CD.S₀) and an amphidiploid (UG.S₀) formed via a pathway involving unreduced gametes; we studied the impact of this method of polyploid formation on subsequent generations. • This study revealed that meiosis of the F₁ interspecific hybrid generated more gametes with recombined chromosomes than did meiosis of the plant produced by somatic doubling, although the size of these translocations was smaller. In the progeny of the UG. S₀ plant, there was an unexpected increase in the frequency at which the C1 chromosome was replaced by the A1 chromosome. • We conclude that polyploid formation pathways differ in their genetic outcome. Our study opens up perspectives for the understanding of polyploid origins.
Constraints to Gender Participation in Rural Community Development in Abia State, Nigeria

This study examined constraints to gender participation in rural community development in Abia State. A multistage sampling procedure was used in the selection of 120 households for the study. Data was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that the mean age of the respondents was 50.5 years, 75.7% of them were married and had a mean household size of 6 persons. The average years spent in school by the respondents was 12 years, their major occupation was farming (52.4%) and monthly income was N65,739. 00. Their major constraints in carrying out self-help rural community development for males and females were fund-raising problem (𝑥 = 3.2 and 𝑥 =3.0), embezzlement of fund (𝑥 =3.1 and 𝑥 = 2.8), nonchalant attitude to accountability (𝑥 = 3.1 and 𝑥 =2.5), mismanagement of fund (𝑥=3.1and 𝑥=3.8). Some of the strategies employed by both males and females for active participation were payment of fine (𝑥 = 2.4 and𝑥 = 2.5) and praise/recommendation for participation (𝑥 = 2.4 and 𝑥 = 2.7). A significant difference existed between rural community development constraints of males and females in the areas of non-challant attitude to accountability (t=2.4, p≤0.05) and politicization of projects (t = 2.2, p≤0.05). There was also a significant difference between rural community development strategies employed by males and females only in the area of non-participants not allowed to enjoy the full benefits of the project (t=-4.8, p≤0.05). Based on the result of this study, it was recommended that the federal, state and local governments should be involved in multi-media enlightenment or sensitization to rural communities on the possible strategies for active participation to rural community development projects. This will go a long way in helping them know the strategies they can employ to succeed in rural community development. Keywords: Gender participation, constraints to gender participation, community development