Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF HAIR AND WOOL

The microfibril, a macromolecular particle approximately 60 in diameter and probably several microns in length, is now regarded as the fibrous unit of stiucture of a-keratins. These microfibrils can be visualized with the electron and their presence and organization has also been deduced from the low-angle X-ray diagrams of a-keratins? From electron microscope studies of chemically disrupted hairs and wool and of ultrathin sections of prekeratinized hairsaV4 it has been established that the microfibrils are embedded in a nonfibrous cementing material or matrix that is probably rich in s u I f ~ r . 2 , ~ ~ ~ . 6 During the development of the cortex, microfibrils are synthesized in the cytoplasm and aggregate loosely into bundles (FIGURE 1). Free microfibrils are not found in the cytoplasm beyond the stage when a number of centers of fibrillation have been formed, and it has been suggested4 that further synthesis takes place directly onto these centers. Later the microfibrils are surrounded with matrix and are organized into larger aggregates or macrofibrils (FIGURE 2) that finally obliterate and replace the living cytoplasm of the cortical cells. The structure of a keratinized cortical cell is illustrated in FIGURE 3. With the emergence of this fairly-clear picture of keratinizing cells a t the fine structural level of organization, it has become of interest to investigate, with the electron microscope, the packing arrangements of the microfibrils and other structural details in these cells in the fully keratinized condition. Thus far, attention has been restricted to North American porcupine quill and different types of hair and wool. The techniques for obtaining satisfactory ultrathin sections for the study of fully keratinized fibers have been more difficult to perfect than for softer tissues. Successful routine sectioning has been greatly facilitated however, by the introduction of Araldite (an epoxy resin) as an alternative to methacrylate as embedding r n e d i ~ m . 8 ~ ~ Araldite has been tested over the past two years and has completely replaced methacrylate in some laboratories. ’O
Not every PRP‐gel is born equal Evaluation of growth factor availability for tissues through four PRP‐gel preparations: Fibrinet®, RegenPRP‐Kit®, Plateltex® and one manual procedure

Background The rationale for using topical platelet gel therapy is to provide the healing tissues with concentrated platelet‐derived factors. Several systems are available to prepare platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and from these, the platelet gel. These systems produce two‐ to six‐fold platelet and growth factor‐enriched concentrations. The bioavailability of growth factors in tissue healing depends on the amount of growth factors stored in platelets but a portion of these is lost during platelet manipulation. Very few data have been reported on the kinetics of growth factor release from PRP‐gels. The aim of this study is to assess the growth factor recovery and its bioavailability to tissues in four different PRP and PRP‐gel preparation techniques.
Insulin receptors: binding kinetics and structure-function relationship of insulin.

During the last decade, earlier suggestions that insulin acts at the plasma membrane level via combination with receptors have been amply confirmed in studies of 125I-labeled insulin binding kinetics. Efforts have been devoted to the development of homogeneous, stable, and bioactive tracers, and a preparation of monoiodo[TyrA14]insulin showed 100-125% biological activity. The initially simple model of reversible, bimolecular, and noncooperative interaction between receptor and insulin has been revised to include the existence of at least three affinity states that may be linked to modulation of the biological response induced by the insulin-receptor complex. Thus negative cooperativity seems important in reducing oscillations of insulin action with variations in plasma insulin concentration, and formation of a high-affinity state or positive cooperativity may lead to desensitization of receptors. The kinetic phenomena suggest that receptor-binding affinity and function are actively regulated by insulin itself. At present the receptor model is purely functional and does not imply molecular mechanisms. However, recent advances in the analysis of receptor structure and biochemistry promise that the molecular equivalents of the kinetic phenomena may be elucidated in the near future. Furthermore the reaction between receptor and insulin is irreversible because of degradation of receptor-bound insulin, which may result in termination of the metabolic activation. Morphological and biochemical work suggests that internalization of the receptor-insulin complex from the plasma membrane transfers insulin to intracellular organelles like the lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, or nucleus, where degradation by insulin protease takes place, whereas the receptor is recycled back to the membrane. Recent advances in the studies of biosynthesis and cellular dynamics of receptors indicate that intracellular processing and redistribution of binding sites may play a role in the mechanism of insulin action. Insulin receptors are widely distributed in all cell types, but evidence has accumulated that receptors show tissue and species variations in their functional properties regarding binding affinity, insulin specificity, cooperativity, and insulin degradation and in structural properties such as antigenic determinants and glycosidic composition. Perhaps these differences reflect cellular adaptations and variations in the physiological role of insulin. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The distribution of wealth and redistributive policies

In this paper we study theoretically the dynamics of the distribution of wealth in an Overlapping Generation economy with bequest and various forms of redistributive taxation. We characterize the transitional dynamics of the wealth distribution and as well as the stationary distribution. We show that, in our economy, the stationary wealth distribution is a power law, a Pareto distribution in particular. Wealth is less concentrated (the Gini coefficient is lower) for both higher capital income taxes and estate taxes, but the marginal effect of capital income taxes is much stronger than the effect of estate taxes. Finally, we characterize optimal redistributive taxes with respect to an utilitarian social welfare measure. Social welfare is maximized short of minimal wealth inequality and with zero estate taxes.
ROLE OF EDUCATION AND WORK EXPERIENCE IN JOURNALISTS' PERCEPTION ABOUT JOURNALISM CODES OF ETHICS

This study examines the role of work experience and education in ethical perception of Malaysian journalists (N =231). Results show that there is big numbers of journalists (more than half of the respondents) who have unfavorable attitude towards journalism codes of ethics. They beilieve that journalism codes of ethics do not decrease the journalist? s mistakes effectively, and can not be formulated in a certain canon or principals. Meanwhile majority of them think journalists can use any method or technique to obtain news if it is essentially important for public including unfair methods like hidden camera and hidden voice recorder. However, the results shows, there is no significant difference between ethical perception of journalists who studied journalism/ media and those who did not. While there is a significant correlation between journalists? ethical perception and their work experince; the more experience they have, the more favorable perception they have regarding to journalism codes of ethics.
Critical thinking disposition as a measure of competent clinical judgment: the development of the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory.

Assessing critical thinking skills and disposition is crucial in nursing education and research. The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) uses the Delphi Report's consensus definition of critical thinking as the theoretical basis to measure critical thinking disposition. Item analysis and factor analysis techniques were used to create seven disposition scales, which grouped the Delphi dispositional descriptions into larger, more unified constructs: open-mindedness, analyticity, cognitive maturity, truth-seeking, systematicity, inquisitiveness, and self-confidence. Cronbach's alpha for the overall instrument, the disposition toward critical thinking, is . 92. The 75-item instrument was administered to an additional sample of college students (N = 1019). The alpha levels in the second sample remained relatively stable, ranging from . 60 to . 78 on the subscales and . 90 overall. The instrument has subsequently been used to assess critical thinking disposition in high school through the graduate level but is targeted primarily for the college undergraduates. Administration time is 20 minutes. Correlation with its companion instrument, the California Critical Thinking Skills Test, also based on the Delphi critical thinking construct, was measured at . 66 and . 67 in two pilot sample groups.
Agile Satellite Scheduling via Permutation Search with Constraint Propagation

Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) scheduling is an important oversubscribed constraint optimization problem. Permutation-based scheduling methods have recently been shown to be effective on these problems. However, the new agile EOS satellites present additional scheduling complexity because they allow image acquisition over a window of possible observation times. Constraint propagation algorithms have been successfully applied in traditional local search methods for these problems. In this paper, we describe a synthesis of permutation-based search and constraint propagation for agile EOS scheduling. Our approach incorporates the advantages of both techniques. We obtain the large neighbourhood behaviour of permutation search for oversubscribed resource scheduling problems. As well, we exploit the power of constraint propagation to retain as much flexibility as possible while building the schedule. We investigate different local optimization algorithms (including hill-climbing, simulated annealing and squeaky wheel optimization) coupled with constraint propagation over image acquisition time windows. We compare our method to recent permutation-based methods for non-agile EOS scheduling which rely upon a greedy scheduler for assigning image acquisition times. Experiments are performed on synthetic EOS data sets using both uniform random image targets and actual urban image target sets. We measure both schedule quality and solution degradation as new image requests are added dynamically to the problem. Our results suggest that permutation-based search coupled with constraint propagation works very well for agile EOS scheduling.
Cortical Brain Stimulation: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Upper Limb Motor Recovery Following Stroke

Abstract There is emerging interest in the use of cortical electrical stimulation as a novel physical agent for the treatment of upper limb motor impairment after stroke. Evidence from animal models suggests that both motor learning and cortical stimulation alter intracortical inhibitory circuits and can facilitate long-term potentiation and cortical remodeling. This article reviews current research on the physiology and use of cortical stimulation animal models and in humans with stroke-related hemiplegia. Both transcranial cortical stimulation techniques and targeted epidural cortical stimulation are discussed in detail.
Numerical investigation of the drag of twin prolate spheroid hulls in various longitudinal and transverse configurations

The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for operators on suitable spacings for multiple vehicle missions. This paper then investigates the combined drag of a pair of towed prolate spheroids for the length-Reynolds Number of 3.2×106. The model has a length-diameter ratio of 6:1. A series of configuration of a pair of spheroids is simulated by varying both longitudinal and transverse spacing. Three-dimensional simulations are performed using a commercial Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics code ANSYS CFX 12.1 with the SST turbulence closure model. In each case, the fluid domain has a mesh size of approximately nine million cells including inflated prism layers to capture the boundary layer. Mesh convergence is tested and then validated with wind tunnel test results. The drag of each spheroid is compared against the benchmark drag of a single hull. The results show that the transverse separations and longitudinal offsets determine the interaction drag between both hulls. Increasing of spacing results in lower the interference drag. Five zones have been suggested based on the characteristics of the combined drag and individual drags. These are Parallel Region, Echelon Region, Low Interaction Region, Push Region and Drafting Region. Based on the results, operators can determine the optimal configurations based on energy considerations.
Parasites of house-dwelling, insectivorous bats from Alabe, Kwara State, Nigeria.

infection and differences in the regions visited could account for the discrepancy between these percentages. Of 20 equines from Jutiapa and Moyuta, mountainous regions near El Salvador, 10 were positive for microfilariae of 0. cervicalis. In SVP, 26 of 33 equines were positive. The results of the present survey suggest a widespread distribution in Guatemala of both 0. gutturosa and 0. cervicalis. Further, it should be noted that animal infections were present even in the areas where no human onchocerciasis was reported. To obtain information on the vector for 0. gutturosa, blackflies which came to feed on cattle were collected at five plantations of SVP from 0800 to 1200 for several days in February 1978. Of 201 flies collected, 117 were Simulium metallicum; 40, S. pulveralentum; 36, S. callidum; and 8, S. rubicundulum. Dissection studies of the captured flies revealed that all of them were negative for Onchocerca larvae or other filariae; five S. metallicum harbored mermithid nematodes. These negative data may have resulted from the small size of the blackfly samples dissected in the present survey. According to Garms (1975, Tropenmed. Parasitol. 26: 169-182), who examined anthropophilic blackflies in Guatemala, in S. metallicum only two females of 3,121 dissected harbored infective larvae of filaria species morphologically different from 0. volvulus. Simulium metallicum and S. callidum are anthropophilic species and potential vectors of human onchocerciasis elsewhere in Latin America. For this reason, even in SVP, the possible infection of these flies with the larvae of bovine Onchocerca should be taken into consideration. We are indebted to Dr. L. R. Ash of UCLA for critical reading of the manuscript, to Dr. J. J. Castillo O. , and Dr. H. Takahashi for their encouragement throughout this study. This study was supported by the Ministry of Public Health of Guatemala and by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. (GJCRCPOMENSAP Series No. 15).
The role of global configuration in detection of mirror and translational symmetries

Mirror symmetry is known as a special case of symmetric patterns because of its superior detectability. This study examined whether the perceptual advantage of mirror symmetry is maintained despite the absence of perfect symmetry. We manipulated the alignment of symmetric patterns by adding a vertical offset between left and right halves of them. We found that regularity of mirror symmetry was better detectable than that of translational symmetry in the aligned display. However, the advantage of mirror symmetry disappeared even with the smallest misalignment used in the present study. These results suggest that global configuration of pattern elements plays an important role in mirror symmetry detection.
On the Genetic Character of Neoplastic Cells as Determined in Transplantation Experiments

There are several studies concerned with the elucidation of the genetics of transplantability of neoplasms in mice (12, 33). The results have varied with the inbred stocks used, but one fundamental question is raised by all: Is the transplantation pattern of neoplastic cells different from that of normal cells ? The earliest investigations on transplantation of neoplastic and normal tissues were made with genetically heterogeneous animals and did not permit a clear-cut answer to this question. Strong (52) and Little and Strong were the first to study the fate of grafted tumors in closely inbred lines of mice that were genetically homogeneous. They found two adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland originating in their dBr stock, which could be transplanted within the line of origin and to first generation hybrids but failed to grow in another stock (Bagg albino). Bittner (4) found two tumors originating in F1 hybrids derived from Little's dBr stock and Bagg albino. These were transmissible to almost all F1 animals, but failed to grow in the parental stocks. In postulating a genetic basis for these findings, Bittner assumed that the simultaneous presence of 7 or 8 genes was required for transmission of tumors originating in the F1 hybrids. Similar observations were made by MacDowell and Richter with leukemias arising in their inbred stock C58. Kirschbaum and Strong (27) have confirmed the transplantation pattern found by Bittner with leukemias arising in hybrids of their inbred stocks F and CBA. They point out that their results are consistent with those found for transplantation of normal spleen by Bittner (6). Thus, Strong
Investigation of Farm Gate Cow Milk for Aflatoxin M 1

Importance of cow milk in human, especially in infant nutrition, is well known. Nevertheless, contamination of milk with aflatoxins is considered as a potential risk for human health. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ), metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in raw cow milk in high milk producing areas in Sri Lanka. Aflatoxin M 1 levels were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector, monitoring at wave lengths 365 nm and 425 nm for excitation and emission, respectively. Eighty seven samples of raw milk were collected from randomly selected dairies in seven provinces in the country, and analyzed for AFM 1 using the Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) International. The percentage recovery of AFM 1 was 85.2 ± 4.03 with respect to an artificially contaminated concentration of 48.6 ng/L. AFM 1 was detected in 33% of locally manufactured raw milk samples in concentrations ranging from 13.1 ng/L to 84.5 ng/L with a mean level of 40.2 ng/L. Percentage of contaminated samples (9.2%) exceeded the European Communities/Codex Alimentarius recommended limit of 50 ng/L. None of the milk samples from Western, Uva & Sothern provinces were contaminated at a detectable level of AFM 1 . The results suggest a need to introduce safety measures for AFM 1 levels in liquid milk in local market under Prevention of Food Adulteration Act of Sri Lanka as well as to prescribe a limit of aflatoxin AFB 1 level in dairy cattle feedstuffs in order to minimize the health hazard risk in Sri Lanka. DOI: 10.4038/tar.v21i2. 2593 Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 21(2): 119-125 (2009)
Changes during puberty in chromatin condensation, morphology and fertilizing ability of epididymal spermatozoa of the golden hamster

Summary. Male golden hamster sperm acquire complete fertilizing ability at about 48 days of age. In this study hamsters, 27–130 days of age were killed and their male reproductive tracts examined. Sperm were found in the caudae epididymides from 37 days onward. None of the sperm from animals younger than 41 days were capable of fertilizing ova when placed in the uteri of superovulated females. Using flow cytometry of acridine‐orange‐stained cells, the chromatin condensation in cauda epididymal sperm was investigated. It was seen that DNA from sperm from the younger animals (under 40 days of age) was less tightly bound to protamine than that obtained from mature animals. In summary, the earliest sperm produced by pubertal hamsters were immature with regard to chromatin condensation, morphology, motility, and ability to fertilize ova, and they developed mature characteristics in the period between 40–48 days of age.
Evidential reasoning approach to multisource-data classification in remote sensing

In the evidential reasoning approach to the classification of remotely sensed multisource data, each data source is considered as providing a body of evidence with a certain degree of belief. The degrees of belief are represented by "interval-valued probabilities" rather than by conventional point-valued probabilities so that uncertainty can be embedded in the measures. The proposed method is applied to the ground-cover classification of simulated 201-band high resolution imaging spectrometer (HIRIS) data, from which a set of multiple sources is obtained by dividing the dimensionally huge data into smaller pieces based on the global statistical correlation information. By a divide-and-combine process, the method is able to utilize more features than conventional maximum likelihood methods. >
Conformational Flexibility Determines Selectivity and Antibacterial, Antiplasmodial, and Anticancer Potency of Cationic α-Helical Peptides

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the potential to act against multiple pathogenic targets. Results: AMPs that maintain conformational flexibility are more potent against multiple pathogens and less hemolytic. Conclusion: Antimicrobial action and hemolysis proceed via differing mechanisms. Significance: The potency, selectivity, and ability of AMPs to reach intracellular pathogens can be modulated using general principles. We used a combination of fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and NMR spectroscopies in conjunction with size exclusion chromatography to help rationalize the relative antibacterial, antiplasmodial, and cytotoxic activities of a series of proline-free and proline-containing model antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in terms of their structural properties. When compared with proline-free analogs, proline-containing peptides had greater activity against Gram-negative bacteria, two mammalian cancer cell lines, and intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum, which they were capable of killing without causing hemolysis. In contrast, incorporation of proline did not have a consistent effect on peptide activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In membrane-mimicking environments, structures with high α-helix content were adopted by both proline-free and proline-containing peptides. In solution, AMPs generally adopted disordered structures unless their sequences comprised more hydrophobic amino acids or until coordinating phosphate ions were added. Proline-containing peptides resisted ordering induced by either method. The roles of the angle subtended by positively charged amino acids and the positioning of the proline residues were also investigated. Careful positioning of proline residues in AMP sequences is required to enable the peptide to resist ordering and maintain optimal antibacterial activity, whereas varying the angle subtended by positively charged amino acids can attenuate hemolytic potential albeit with a modest reduction in potency. Maintaining conformational flexibility improves AMP potency and selectivity toward bacterial, plasmodial, and cancerous cells while enabling the targeting of intracellular pathogens.