Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Sex Bias in Clinical Studies at Scale With Automated Data Extraction

Key Points Question What is the magnitude of female underrepresentation in clinical studies? Findings In this cross-sectional study, machine reading to extract sex data from 43 135 published articles and 13 165 clinical trial records showed substantial underrepresentation of female participants, with studies as measurement unit, in 7 of 11 disease categories, especially HIV/AIDS, chronic kidney diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Sex bias in articles for all categories combined was unchanged over time with studies as the measurement unit but improved with participants as measurement unit. Meaning This study suggests that sex bias against female participants in clinical studies persists, but results differ when studies vs participants are the measurement units.
Temporal Variability–Based Functional Brain Lateralization Study in ADHD

Objective: The aim of this work is to explore the relationship between temporal variability and brain lateralization in ADHD. Method: The temporal variabilities of 116 brain regions based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were calculated for analysis. Results: Between-group comparison revealed that in comparison with the controls, ADHD participants showed significantly higher temporal variability in the left superior frontal gyrus (medial), left rectus gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule and angular gyrus, and lower temporal variability in the amygdala, left caudate and putamen. Besides, ADHD patients exhibited significantly increased leftward lateralization in the orbitofrontal cortex (inferior), and decreased rightward lateralization in the orbitofrontal cortex (medial) and rectus gyrus, compared with controls. Lateralization indices were also found to be related with clinical characteristics of ADHD patients. Conclusion: Our results may help us deeper in understanding the pathology of ADHD.
A modified formula for accurate determination of three‐dimensional birefringence of fiber using modified subfringe integration method

The development of the use of interferometric techniques in the study of the optical properties of materials encouraged many researchers to work on the derivation and development of the theoretical considerations and the equations used in the calculations of those properties. The form of these equations depends on the technique used and the cross section of the sample, and also on the method of calculating the optical path difference of light across the sample studied. A modified formula to calculate the three‐dimensional birefringence distribution of the fiber, without the need to determine the refractive indices of the fiber in the parallel and perpendicular directions, was presented. The phase distribution of the simulated and experiment interferograms was obtained using subfringe integration method. The results obtained from the new method were compared with the calculated results of a well‐known method (Z method) and the figures presented showed that the results of the two methods were close to each other.
The relationship between heart rate and VO2 in moderate-to-severe asthmatics

Abstract Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the %HRR–%VO2R relationship and %HRR–VO2peak relationship are affected in patients with moderate or severe asthma and whether airway obstruction and aerobic capacity influence these relationships. Methods: A linear regression was calculated using the paired %VO2R–%HRR and %VO2peak–%HRR for 93 subjects with asthma. The mean slope and y-intercept were calculated and compared with the line of identity (y-intercept = 0, slope = 1) for all patients and subgroups for the following conditions: low and normal VO2peak and low and normal FEV1. Results: The slope and intercepts of %VO2R–%HRR were similar to the line of identity for all groups (p > 0.05), and the regressions between %HRR and %VO2peak did not coincide with the line of identity for all groups (p < 0.05). There were no associations between the intercepts of the %HRR–VO2peak and the %HRR–%VO2R relationship with the VO2peak (p > 0.05) or FEV1 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This is the first study to confirm a constant equivalence between %HRR and %VO2R in outpatients with moderate or severe asthma. Our data also suggest that the relationship between %HRR and %VO2peak is unreliable. These results support the use of %HRR in relation to %VO2R to estimate exercise intensity in this population, independently of the pulmonary function and fitness level.
Pollen micromorphological analysis of tribe Acacieae (Mimosaceae) with LM and SEM techniques

The morphology of pollen grains of the 06 species of tribe Acacieae (Mimosaceae) belonging to one genus were investigated using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and light microscopic (LM) approach. Lactic acid acetolysis method was used for (LM) while non‐acetolysis for (SEM). The species were examined for the both qualitative and quantitative palynological features. Qualitatively the pollen was studied for the shape, exine sculpturing, pollen shape, and pollen type. Oblate spheroidal shape of pollen was observed in Accacia modesta. Subprolate shape in Accaca nilotica. In Accacia farnesiana, prolate pollen was examined while prolate spheroidal in Acacia tortilis and spheroidal pollen grains were studied in Acacia catechu, respectively. Pollen exine sculpturing of the studied tribe possesses novel variation. Foveolate, reticulate, foveolate‐psilate, faint reticulate, fossulate, perforate, and scrabate exine sculpturing were noticed. Colpi were absent in all species. Excessive variation was observed in both qualitative and quantitative character of pollen. SPSS software was use for the quantitative measurement of the pollen grains. The current study will be helpful for the identification of the problematic species and phylogenetic studies of family Mimosaceae.
Menstrual characteristics and its association with socio-demographic factors and nutritional status: a study among the urban slum adolescent girls of West Bengal, India

Abstract Menstrual health is one of the major areas of concern in reproductive health, and affects a large number of women throughout their reproductive life from adolescence. Menstruation is a biological phenomenon imbued with social-cultural, nutritional and personal significance. The present study aims to focus on the menstrual characteristics and its association with socio-demographic factors and nutritional status among the urban slum adolescent girls of North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. This community-based study was conducted among a group of 90 Bengali speaking Hindu adolescent girls aged between 16 to 18 years. A pre-tested structured schedule was used to collect detailed information about the socio-economic conditions and menstrual characteristics. All anthropometric measurements were taken using the standard procedures. Results of the study revealed that underweight girls attained menarche comparatively in later age (12.67±1.23) than that of healthy and overweight girls. Mean length of the menstrual cycle, mean duration of menstrual bleeding and mean number of days of peak discharge were maximum among the girls whose BMI was below 5th percentile, i.e. underweight. Majority of the underweight (75%) and healthy (50%) girls experienced heavy discharge during their menstrual days. Disorders like premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (78.8%) and dysmenorrhea (85.5%) were the major prevalent menstrual problems among these girls and occurrence of the symptoms of these disorders significantly varied based on their BMI. A highly significant difference (p<0.01) was found among underweight, healthy and overweight girls in terms of duration of menstrual bleeding, mean number of days of peak discharge and occurrences of PMS. Result of linear regression and step wise logistic regression (backward elimination) shows that various socio-economic and anthropometric variables are the influential predictors of menstrual characteristics like duration of menstrual discharge, cycle length, days of peak discharge as well as menstrual problems like cycle irregularity and heavy flow (p<0.05). Therefore, the present study unwraps a podium to focus on the menstrual health issues of the adolescent girls and enforce health education as well as instigates nutritional intervention programme to fortify the existing menstrual health status.
Why Do Adults Decide to Learn a Minority Language? A Study of the Motivation(S) of Potential New Speakers of West Frisian

Summary This study focuses on the motivation of adults learning a minority language, based on a tripartite model: integrative and instrumental (Gardner & Lambert, 1959; 1972) and personal (see Benson, 1991) motivation. Adults learning a minority language are potential new speakers, a group that has been described as central to language revitalisation (see Pujolar & O’Rourke, 2018). Since the motivation to learn these languages does not seem to be linked to economic success or wider job opportunities, researchers have taken interest in knowing what drives people to learn a minority language (e.g., O’Rourke & DePalma, 2016). In this study, (potential) new speaker motivations were investigated by means of ten open-ended interviews with adult learners of West Frisian—a minority language spoken in the Netherlands—in two different settings: Afûk Frisian courses (a more traditional learning setting) and Bernlef Frisian courses (a student association that offers informal courses for their members). The results show a predominance of integrative and personal motivation (also found in O’Rourke & DePalma, 2016), but not exclusively (as suggested by Jaffe, 2015) since the language appears to be tightly linked to the province and it is deemed beneficial—to a certain extent—for socioeconomic success in the province.
Laser Doppler Forced Vibrology of Soft Agricultural Products

Abstract We describe methodology of laser Doppler forced vibrology (LDFV) applied to texture assessment of soft agricultural products. The method is applied to a melon. The lowest frequency resonant peak (mode M0) is used for corrections of the whole amplitude frequency plot expressed in relation to the forcing deformation level. The main differences between vibrology in vertical and horizontal laser positions are described. Missing and/or degeneration of some modes in the laser horizontal position are explained. Peak analysis of the results obtained reveals the parameters connected with information on internal damping, i.e. internal viscosity. Modulus of elasticity is calculated either from the peak frequency of the M1 mode or by a new method from the M0 peak frequency. The modulus of elasticity of the latter method is nearly one order higher and is more variable than the former probably because the M0 mode is related to physical properties of the surface of the melon in contact with the vibrating table. Fine structure of the skin can lead to possible degenerated forms with more sub-peaks.
Couette Flow of a Yield-Stress Fluid With Slip As Studied by Rheo-Piv

The Couette flow of a model yield-stress fluid with slip at the walls, a 0.12% Carbopol® 940 microgel, was analyzed in this work by simultaneous rheometrical and particle image velocimetry measurements (Rheo-PIV). The Rheo-PIV technique was first tested in the analysis of the Couette flow of a Newtonian fluid and then used to determine the velocity and shear rate distributions of the microgel across gap. A reliable and full description of the different flow regimes occurring in the steady Couette flow of yield-stress fluids with slip at the rheometer walls was obtained, which includes rigid body-like motion at stresses below the yield one, rigid body-like motion and shear flow at stresses above the yield one, as well as pure shear flow once the shear stress at the outer cylinder overcomes the yield value. Slip occurred at both cylinders, which were made up of hydrophobic (inner) and hydrophilic (outer) materials, respectively. The slip velocity values measured at both walls increased along with the shear stress and the trends of these dependencies deviated from the predictions of the hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic lubrication mechanisms of slip in the flow of soft deformable particle dispersions [1]. Besides, the yield stress was determined with good accuracy from the velocity profiles, as well as the location of the yielded and non-yielded regions for each flow condition. Finally, the consistency of the obtained velocity profiles was tested by comparison with a theoretical prediction for the Couette flow problem of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid without slip.
Measuring the Yielding of Waxy Crude Oils Considering its Time-Dependency and Apparent-Yield-Stress Nature

Abstract Production in reservoirs located in deep and ultra-deep water that contain waxy crude oils faces a huge obstacle imposed by the low temperatures of the environment. When the waxy crude oil is subjected to a temperature below the Gelation Temperature, as in the case investigated in the present work, it exhibits a variety of non- Newtonian features: elasticity, plasticity, viscous effects, and time-dependency, which renders to this material a highly complex behavior. A crucial feature that is frequently ignored when the determination of the yield stress is being carried out, is the time-dependency nature of these materials. We demonstrate how significantly different values of yield stress can be obtained if this character of the material is neglected. We use the asphaltenes properties as inhibitors of wax formation and propose a protocol to capture yield-stress parameters. One important conclusion is that waxy crude oils can be classified as apparent-yield-stress fluids, and not (true-) yieldstress materials, with the presence of a dynamic and a static yield-stresses.
Intensity of Soccer Players’ Training Load in Small-Sided Games with Various Content Focus

Summary The aim of this research was to make reference to the difference in heart rate values (HR) of soccer players in small-sided games (SSG) with various content focus. We assumed that the aim at the content in small-sided games would significantly affect the HR values of participating soccer players. The research group was comprised of players (n = 6) of the soccer club FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda (U15) at the age of 14 ± 0.7 years. The HR values were evaluated on the basis of collected data, which we obtained using sport testers and special software POLAR TEAM2. In order to find out the statistical significance of the difference in HR was used the One-Way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at 5 %. We found out that by the change of the small-sided game’s content focus, the internal reaction of players’ organism to training load was at different level. In the SSG3, with the emphasis on the improvement of individual’s final offensive game activity – shooting, was recorded the highest achieved HRavg value of the monitored players (181.83 ±7.11 beats.min−1). This form of the SSG was the most intense. However, there were no significant differences in HR values among the individual forms of the SSG. Our recommendation is to employ in the systematic training process small forms of small-sided games with various content focus, because by the means of it we can adequately prepare the players for the match load itself.
Direction-finding with sparse rectangular dual-size spatial invariance array

A novel sparse array geometry embedding two sizes of spatial invariances is presented for use with a new ESPRIT-based (estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques) algorithm for aperture extension. The half-wavelength invariance yields unambiguous but high-variance direction cosine estimates to disambiguate low-variance but cyclically ambiguous estimates from the larger invariance. With larger invariance at 60 half-wavelengths, resolution threshold for two closely spaced emitters is reduced by 50 dB and estimation error by 100-fold. Array design formulas are also presented.
Effects of Football Match Results of Croatian National Team on Stock Returns: Evidence from Zagreb Stock Exchange

Abstract This paper observes short term effects of football match results by focusing on the Croatian national team and stock returns on the Zagreb Stock Exchange. Existing literature identifies psychological factors affecting investor’s sentiment around sporting events on different stock markets. There does not exist any study focusing on the Croatian stock market. Thus, this paper extensively observes such effects for the first time in the literature. Event study methodology, a usual approach of investigating such effects, is used on a sample of 60 stocks on the Zagreb Stock Exchange for the period from 2014 until the end of 2018. The results indicate no significant effects of winning or losing a football match, even when controlling for game being friendly, competitive tournament or qualification one; as well as after controlling for investor’s expectations based upon betting odds. This means that no profitable trading strategies could be obtained around the football match day on the Zagreb Stock Exchange in the observed period for the stocks investigated in this paper.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-perimidin-3-ium iodide, C19H16BrIN2

Abstract C19H16BrIN2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.3409(17) Å, b = 18.494(4) Å, c = 12.905(3) Å, β = 93.372(3)°, V = 1749.0(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0205, wRref(F2) = 0.0512, T = 296(2) K.
Efficient fuzzy-controlled and hybrid entropy coding strategy lossless ECG encoder VLSI design for wireless body sensor networks

An efficient VLSI design of a lossless electrocardiogram (ECG) encoder is proposed for wireless body sensor networks. To save wireless transmission power, a novel lossless encoding algorithm had been created for ECG signal compression. The proposed algorithm consists of a novel adaptive predictor based on fuzzy decision control, and a novel hybrid entropy encoder including both a two-stage Huffman and a Golomb-Rice coding. The VLSI architecture contains only 2.71 K gate counts and its core area is 33 929 μm 2 synthesized by a 0.18 μm CMOS process. Moreover, this design can be operated at 100 MHz processing rate by consuming only 30 μW. It achieves an average compression rate of 2.56 for the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Compared with previous low-complexity and high-performance lossless ECG encoder studies, this design has a higher compression rate, lower power consumption and lower hardware cost than other VLSI designs.
Effect of Crushed Sand and Limestone Crushed Sand Dust on the Rheology of Cement Mortar

This paper investigates the influence of limestone crushed sand dust (LCSD) on rheological properties of cement mortar based on crushed sand (CS) with different mineralogical nature (limestone and siliceous). A LCSD with a specific surface BET of 1470 m2/kg was used at different content replacement by mass of sand (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 %). The water-cement ratio (W/C) and the cement content were kept constant for all mixes. The results show that the slump decreased as well as the flow time, the yield stress and the viscosity of mortar increased with the increase in LCSD content. Thus, the mortar based on limestone crushed sand (LS) has a low loss of rheological properties compared with a mortar based on siliceous crushed sand (SS). Yet, for 0 % of LCSD, it was found that the rheological properties are nearly equal for both CSs. The use of superplasticizer (Sp) significantly improves the workability and rheological properties. However, the rheological behavior of mortar has been strongly affected by increasing the volume concentration of CS whereas the effect of CS on fresh mortar presents significantly greater disadvantages compared with rolled sand (RS).
Numerical Analysis of Turbulent Flow Around Two-Dimensional Bodies Using Non-Orthogonal Body-Fitted Mesh

Abstract This paper deals with the numerical simulation of a turbulent flow around two-dimensional bodies by the finite volume method with non-orthogonal body-fitted grid. The governing equations are expressed in Cartesian velocity components and solution is carried out using the SIMPLE algorithm for collocated arrangement of scalar and vector variables. Turbulence is modeled by the k- ε turbulence model and wall functions are used to bridge the solution variables at the near wall cells and the corresponding quantities on the wall. A simplified pressure correction equation is derived and proper under-relaxation factors are used so that computational cost is reduced without adversely affecting the convergence rate. The numerical procedure is validated by comparing the computed pressure distribution on the surface of NACA 0012 and NACA 4412 hydrofoils for different angles of attack with experimental data. The grid dependency of the solution is studied by varying the number of cells of the C-type structured mesh. The computed lift coefficients of NACA 4412 hydrofoil at different angles of attack are also compared with experimental results to further substantiate the validity of the proposed methodology.
Drone and Worker Brood Was Unexpectedly Well Heated Both in Standard-Cell and Small-Cell Comb Colonies

Abstract Temperatures of worker- and drone-brood rearing in various hive locations were compared in both colonies kept on small-cell combs (4.90 mm) (SMC) and standard-cell combs (5.50 mm) (STC) in two seasons. Temperatures close to the worker-brood comb placed near the rightmost storage-comb were lower than those near the worker brood in the nest centre but equal to those near the outskirt drone-brood comb (34.37-35.24°C) regardless of the month and the comb-cell size. Temperatures of the brood rearing in the SMC did not differ from those in the STC, independently on the location (center-periphery) and the brood type (drone-worker). Occasionally, they were even higher in the STC near the peripheral drone-brood comb and in the nest centre. We concluded that the drones which are involved in colony reproduction could affect its thermoregulation. The peripheral drone brood can be heated just as well as the worker brood, if the colony is strong enough and has the proper drone-worker ratio. Therefore, it is doubtful whether a higher temperature near the worker brood in the SMC limit the development of the V. destructor population. A lower temperature may not be a factor in encouraging V. destructor females to prefer trap-drone-combs for reproduction in the SMC. Strong field colonies may be especially prone to such behaviour. Therefore, temperature cannot be considered a mechanism of effective Varroa control in SMC.
Integrating the Internet, multimedia components, and hands-on experimentation into problem-based control education

At the brink of a new millennium, a shift in pedagogy toward a learner-centered approach is emerging where critical thinking skills are fostered through problem based learning opportunities and innovative approaches to instruction and student work assessment. New media technologies are being effectively used to help achieve such goals in engineering education. The paper describes technology aided teaching of undergraduate engineering courses in control theory. Early results show that students are better motivated and their achievement improves compared to when more traditional methods of instruction are used in delivering the course content.