Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude Regarding Dental Implants among Dental Interns

ABSTRACT Introduction Implant therapy is an elective dental procedure of dental rehabilitative treatment. Objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of dental interns of Nepal toward dental implants and to see associations of the responses with gender and geographic location of dental college. Methods It was conducted from June 2016 to June 2017 after taking ethical clearance and approval from the research committee. The sample included the interns who were present at the time of the survey. Data collection was done through a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, during clinical postings of the interns at all the dental colleges of Nepal, supervised and monitored by the investigators themselves; coded and entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 and statistical analysis was done by SPSS 20 version. Results A majority of the interns said they are moderately well informed about dental implants 141 (50.36%); main advantage of dental implants is they are conservative 164 (58.6%); most important factor for implant success is case selection 143 (51.07%); the longevity of dental implants is 10–20yrs, 162 (57.85%), 188 (67.14%) agreed that they were not provided with sufficient information and 191 (68.21%) stated that they need more information; 180 (64.3%) felt the difficulty encountered while placing implants is average and 229 (81.78%) stated that they need more hygiene care than natural teeth. There were major differences in the mindset to some other questions. Significant associations were seen with the location of college for some responses. Conclusions A majority of interns have knowledge regarding dental implants, but the percentage of those who gave unsatisfactory answers is also large. They have a positive attitude towards gaining more information through various means.
Multi-Source Neural Machine Translation with Data Augmentation

Multi-source translation systems translate from multiple languages to a single target language. By using information from these multiple sources, these systems achieve large gains in accuracy. To train these systems, it is necessary to have corpora with parallel text in multiple sources and the target language. However, these corpora are rarely complete in practice due to the difficulty of providing human translations in all of the relevant languages. In this paper, we propose a data augmentation approach to fill such incomplete parts using multi-source neural machine translation (NMT). In our experiments, results varied over different language combinations but significant gains were observed when using a source language similar to the target language.
Factors associated with neck disorders among university student smartphone users.

BACKGROUND In our digital society, the use of smartphones has increased rapidly. Parallel with the growing use of smartphones, musculoskeletal problems associated with intensive smartphone use have also increased. Neck flexion is the most commonly adopted posture by smartphone users while looking at the visual display terminals of smartphones for extended periods; this posture may lead to neck disorders. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to investigate musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in smartphone users in Thailand in order to confirm high prevalence of neck pain. The study also aimed to determine all possible factors associated with neck disorders among smartphone users. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 779 undergraduate smartphone users. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect self-report measures of smartphone use and musculoskeletal disorders. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participant characteristics and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors. RESULTS The most painful body region after the use of smartphones over a 12-month period was found to be the neck (32.50%). Factors associated with neck disorders were a flexed neck posture (Odds Ratio (OR): = 2.44, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.21-4.90) and smoking (OR 8.99, 95% CI 1.88-42.87). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that to address neck disorders in smartphone users preventive initiatives should focus on reducing flexed neck postures and smoking.
The Relationship Between Serotonin‐2A Receptor and Cognitive Functions in Nondemented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Visual Hallucinations

There is growing evidence that the serotonergic system, in particular serotonin 2A receptors, is involved in neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), including cognitive processing and visual hallucinations. However, the relationship between serotonin 2A receptor availability, visual hallucinations, and cognitive profile is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of serotonin 2A receptor availability in brain regions affected by visual hallucinations and to test the association with cognitive/behavioral changes in patients who have PD with visual hallucinations.
Maternal plasma cholesterol concentration and preterm birth: a meta-analysis and systematic review of literature

Abstract Background: Women that previously had preterm labor are at an increased risk for heart disease. Because spontaneous preterm birth is an adverse pregnancy outcome that affects millions of children worldwide, our objective was to review and analyze studies that have examined associations between maternal total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, and HDL-C concentrations during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth to potentially define biomarkers or targets for treatment. Method: A search was performed and 22 articles were found that examined the association of maternal plasma cholesterol concentrations and preterm birth. A meta-analysis was performed on 10 of the articles, those that used maternal lipid concentrations as the outcome and presented results as means plus variables, and a qualitative review was performed on all 22 articles. Results: The meta-analysis showed no relationship between maternal TC, LDL-C, or HDL-C and increased risk of preterm birth, although, a near significant relationship between low maternal HDL-C concentration and preterm birth (p = .055). Importantly, associations increased when cholesterol concentrations were combined with inflammatory markers or metabolic syndrome factors. Conclusions: The relationship between maternal cholesterol levels and preterm birth is heterogeneous. Associations are strengthened when maternal cholesterol concentrations are combined with other factors that may be related to more recently defined lipoprotein functions.
CNN-Based Preprocessing to Optimize Watershed-Based Cell Segmentation in 3D Confocal Microscopy Images

The quantitative analysis of cellular membranes helps understanding developmental processes at the cellular level. Particularly 3D microscopic image data offers valuable insights into cell dynamics, but error-free automatic segmentation remains challenging due to the huge amount of data generated and strong variations in image intensities. In this paper, we propose a new 3D segmentation approach that combines the discriminative power of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for preprocessing and investigates the performance of three watershed-based postprocessing strategies (WS), which are well suited to segment object shapes, even when supplied with vague seed and boundary constraints. To leverage the full potential of the watershed algorithm, the multi-instance segmentation problem is initially interpreted as three-class semantic segmentation problem, which in turn is well-suited for the application of CNNs. Using manually annotated 3D confocal microscopy images of Arabidopsis thaliana, we show the superior performance of the proposed method compared to the state of the art.
Indoor wideband directional millimeter wave channel measurements and analysis at 26 GHz, 32 GHz, and 39 GHz

This paper presents details of the wideband directional propagation measurements of millimeter‐wave (mmWave) channels in the 26 GHz, 32 GHz, and 39 GHz frequency bands in an indoor typical office environment. More than 14 400 power delay profiles (PDPs) were measured across the 26 GHz band and over 9000 power delay profiles have been recorded for the 32 GHz and 39 GHz bands at each measurement point. A mmWave wideband channel sounder has been used, where signal analyzer and vector signal generator were employed. Measurements have been conducted for both co and cross‐antenna polarization. The setup provided 2 GHz bandwidth and the mechanically steerable directional horn antenna with 8 degrees beamwidth provides 8 degrees of directional resolution over the azimuth for 32 GHz and 39 GHz, whereas 26 GHz measurement setup provides the angular resolution of 5 degrees. Measurements provide path loss, delay, and spatial spread of the channel. Large‐scale fading characteristics, RMS delay spread, RMS angular spread, and angular and delay dispersion are presented for 3 mmWave bands for the line‐of‐sight scenario.
Combined Static and Motion Features for Deep-Networks-Based Activity Recognition in Videos

Activity recognition in videos in a deep-learning setting—or otherwise—uses both static and pre-computed motion components. The method of combining the two components, while keeping the burden on the deep network less, still remains uninvestigated. Moreover, it is not clear what the level of contribution of individual components is, and how to control the contribution. In this paper, we use a combination of convolutional-neural-network-generated static features and motion features in the form of motion tubes. We propose three schemas for combining static and motion components: based on a variance ratio, principal components, and Cholesky decomposition. The Cholesky-decomposition-based method allows the control of contributions. The ratio given by variance analysis of static and motion features matches well with the experimental optimal ratio used in the Cholesky decomposition-based method. The resulting activity recognition system is better or on par with the existing state-of-the-art when tested with three popular data sets. The findings also enable us to characterize a data set with respect to its richness in motion information.
Evaluation of the Role of BRAFV600E Somatic Mutation on Papillary Thyroid Cancer Disease Persistence: A Prospective Study

Background: BRAFV600E (c.1799T>A) somatic mutation evaluation in fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) is a powerful diagnostic tool in the settings of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, its prognostic value is still a matter of great debate and has been addressed mostly in retrospective studies. Objectives: To evaluate whether the somatic BRAFV600E mutation, assessed by direct sequencing in FNAB material of thyroid nodules, may correlate with disease persistence in PTC patients. Study Design: We conducted a prospective cohort study investigating 160 PTC patients previously assessed for the somatic BRAFV600E mutation, and submitted to total thyroidectomy, with a follow-up of 2–10 years. Patients were matched according to somatic BRAFV600E mutation (80 BRAF+ and 80 BRAF– patients) and to the presence (LN+, 40 patients each group) or absence (LN, 40 patients each group) of neck lymphnode metastases. Disease persistence was considered according to basal or TSH-stimulated Thyroglobulin (TG) levels, anti-TG antibodies, neck ultrasound, CT scan where applicable and whole body scan after radioiodine ablation treatment (RAI). Results: The presence of the somatic BRAFV600E mutation did not influence the indication for RAI. None of the enrolled patients showed disease recurrence or died due to disease-related causes. During follow-up, disease persistence did not correlate with the presence of somatic BRAFV600E mutation both in patients submitted to RAI nor in those treated more conservatively. Conclusions: The somatic BRAFV600E mutation does not associate with a worse prognosis in low risk PTC and, in our settings, may not be considered an independent risk factor for disease persistence.
Sound event detection using weakly-labeled semi-supervised data with GCRNNS, VAT and Self-Adaptive Label Refinement

In this paper, we present a gated convolutional recurrent neural network based approach to solve task 4, large-scale weakly labelled semi-supervised sound event detection in domestic environments, of the DCASE 2018 challenge. Gated linear units and a temporal attention layer are used to predict the onset and offset of sound events in 10s long audio clips. Whereby for training only weakly-labelled data is used. Virtual adversarial training is used for regularization, utilizing both labelled and unlabeled data. Furthermore, we introduce self-adaptive label refinement, a method which allows unsupervised adaption of our trained system to refine the accuracy of frame-level class predictions. The proposed system reaches an overall macro averaged event-based F-score of 34.6%, resulting in a relative improvement of 20.5% over the baseline system.
May a sigma‐1 antagonist improve neuropathic signs induced by cisplatin and vincristine in rats?

The antineoplastic drugs cisplatin and vincristine induce peripheral neuropathies. The sigma‐1 receptor (σ1R) is expressed in areas of pain control, and its blockade with the novel selective antagonist MR‐309 has shown efficacy in nociceptive and neuropathic pain models. Our goal was to test whether this compound reduces neuropathic signs provoked by these antitumoural drugs.
Assessment of biomarkers in women with endometriosis-associated pain using the ENG contraceptive implant or the 52 mg LNG-IUS: a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial

Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the serum levels of the following biomarkers in women with endometriosis-associated pelvic pain before and after six months of using the etonogestrel (ENG) contraceptive implant or the 52 mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS): cancer antigen (CA)-125, cluster of differentiation (CD) 23 and endometrial nerve fibre density. Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Campinas Medical School, Brazil. A total of 103 women with endometriosis-associated pain diagnosed by surgery, transvaginal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging were included. Endometrial nerve fibre density and serum levels of CA-125 and soluble CD23 were assessed before and after six months of using the allocated method and were correlated to 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for non-cyclical pelvic pain and dysmenorrhoea. Results: Both contraceptive methods significantly reduced concentrations of serum soluble CD23 and endometrial nerve fibre density (p < .001); however, CA-125 was significantly reduced only among users of the ENG implant (p < .05). No correlation was observed between reduction of biomarkers and improvement of VAS pain and dysmenorrhoea scores. No differences were observed between the ENG implant and the LNG-IUS. Conclusion: Both progestin-only contraceptives significantly reduced two out of the three biomarkers evaluated. These two biomarkers could, therefore, be used as surrogate markers to follow up medical treatment of endometriosis-associated pain.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Executive Functions in Preschool and School-Age Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Abstract Objectives: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder in which the most frequent complication in children is learning disabilities. Over the past decade, growing arguments support the idea that executive dysfunction is a core deficit in children with NF1. However, some data remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of impairment for each executive function (EF) and clarify the impact of methodological choices and participant’s characteristics on EFs. Methods: In this meta-analysis, 19 studies met the selection criteria and were included with data from a total of 805 children with NF1 and 667 controls. Based on the Diamond’s model (2013), EF measures were coded separately according to the following EF components: working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning/problem solving. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews; CRD42017068808). Results: A significant executive dysfunction in children with NF1 is demonstrated. Subgroup analysis showed that the impairment varied as a function of the specific component of executive functioning. The effect size for working memory and planning/problem solving was moderate whereas it was small for inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. Executive dysfunction seems to be greater with increasing age whereas assessment tool type, intellectual performance, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and control group composition did not seem to affect EF results. Conclusions: EF deficits are a core feature in children with NF1 and an early identification of executive dysfunctions is essential to limit their impact on the quality of life. (JINS, 2018, 24, 977–994)
Human-centred design to empower "teachers as designers"

Educators of all sectors are learning designers, often unwittingly. To succeed as designers, they need to adopt a design mindset and acquire the skills needed to address the design challenges they encounter in their everyday practice. Human‐centred design (HCD) provides professional designers with the methods needed to address complex problems. It emphasizes the human perspective throughout the design lifecycle and provides a practice‐oriented approach, which naturally fits educators' realities. This research reports the experiences of educators who used HCD to design ICT‐based learning activities. A mixed‐methods approach was used to gauge how participating educators experienced the design tasks. The perceived level of difficulty and value of the various methods varied, revealing significant differences between educators according to their level of knowledge of pedagogy frameworks. We discuss our findings from the vantage point of educators' pedagogical beliefs and how experience shapes these. The results support the idea that HCD is a valuable framework for educators, one that may inform ongoing international efforts to shape a science and practice of learning design for teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Making New Health Services Work: Nurse Leaders as Facilitators of Service Development in Rural Emergency Services

Nurse leaders in middle management positions in Norway and other Western countries perform additional new tasks due to high demands for quality and efficacy in healthcare services. These nurses are increasingly becoming responsible for service development and innovation in addition to their traditional leadership and management roles. This article analyses two Norwegian nurse leaders efforts in developing an emergency service in rural municipal healthcare. The analysis applies an ethnographic approach to the data collection by combining interviews with the nurse leaders with observations and interviews with six nurses in the emergency service. The primary theoretical concepts used to support the analysis include “organizing work” and “articulation work”. The results show that in the development of an existing emergency room service, the nurse leaders drew upon their experience as clinical nurses and leaders in various middle management positions in rural community healthcare. Due to their local knowledge and experience, the nurses were able to mobilize and facilitate cooperation among relevant actors in the community and negotiate for resources required for emergency medical equipment, professional development, and staffing to perform emergency care within the rural healthcare context. Due to their distinctive professional and organizational competency and experience, the nurse leaders were well equipped to play a key role in developing services. While mobilizing actors and negotiating for resources, the nurses creatively balanced these two aspects of nursing work to develop the service in accordance to their expectation of providing the highest quality of nursing care to their patients. The nurse leaders balanced their professional ambitions for the service with legal directives, economic incentives, and budgets. Throughout the development process, the nurses carefully combined value-based and goal-based management concerns. In contrast, other studies investigating nursing management and leadership have described that these orientations are in opposition to each other. This study shows that nurses leading the processes of change in rural communities manage the change process by combining the professional and organizational domains of the services.
Accumulation and Elimination Dynamics of the Hydroxybenzoate Saxitoxin Analogues in Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Exposed to the Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a severe food-borne illness, caused by the ingestion of seafood containing paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), which are naturally produced by marine dinoflagellates and accumulate in shellfish during algae blooms. Novel PST, designated as hydroxybenzoate analogues (also known as GC toxins), was relatively recently discovered in Gymnodinium catenatum strains worldwide. However, to date, there have been no studies examining their accumulation in shellfish. In this study, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to G. catenatum for five days and then exposed to a non-toxic diet for 24 h, to investigate the toxin’s accumulation/elimination dynamics. As determined by UHPLC-HILIC-MS/MS, the hydroxybenzoate analogues, GC1 to GC6, comprised 41% of the algae toxin profile and only 9% in mussels. Elimination of GC toxins after 24 h was not evident. This study highlights that a relevant fraction of PST in mussels are not routinely analysed in monitoring programs and that there is a need to better understand the toxicological potential of the hydroxybenzoate analogues, in order to properly address the risk of G. catenatum blooms.
Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes During Pregnancy and Risk of ADHD in Offspring

OBJECTIVE To examine the relative importance of maternal preexisting type 1 diabetes (T1D), preexisting type 2 diabetes (T2D), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective birth cohort study included 333,182 singletons born in 1995–2012 within Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals. Children were prospectively followed through electronic medical records from age 4 years. Relative risks of ADHD associated with diabetes exposures in utero were estimated by hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression with adjustment for potential confounders. For GDM, timing of exposure was evaluated by gestational age at diagnosis and severity was assessed by the need for antidiabetes medication treatment during pregnancy. RESULTS A total of 37,878 (11.4%) children were exposed to diabetes (522 exposed to T1D, 7,822 T2D, and 29,534 GDM). During a median of 4.9 years (interquartile range 2.2, 9.6) of follow-up after age 4 years, 17,415 (5.2%) children were diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD risk was not associated with GDM taken as a whole (P = 0.50) or with gestational age at GDM diagnosis (P = 0.16). However, the risk was significantly greater for the GDM requiring versus not requiring antidiabetes medications (P < 0.001). Compared with children unexposed to diabetes, the adjusted HRs for ADHD in children were 1.57 (95% CI 1.09–2.25) for exposure to T1D, 1.43 (1.29–1.60) for T2D, 1.26 (1.14–1.41) for GDM requiring antidiabetes medications, and 0.93 (0.86–1.01) for GDM not requiring medications. CONCLUSIONS The hierarchy of risks suggests that severity of maternal diabetes (T1D vs. T2D vs. GDM requiring antidiabetes medications) influences the risk of ADHD in offspring of mothers with diabetes.