Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of mealtime environments and nutrition practices in child care centers in Georgia.

BACKGROUND The amount of time children spend in child care each week has increased in recent years. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the nutritional quality of foods served and the mealtime environment in 24 child care centers in Georgia. METHODS Data were collected between April 2010 and September 2010. Each child care center provided a sample 5-day menu (breakfast, lunch, and an afternoon snack) at baseline. Energy and nutrient contents of the menus were analyzed using NutriKids Menu Planning & Nutritional Analysis software (LunchByte Systems, Inc., Rochester, NY). Foods and beverages on the menus were compared to MyPlate food group standards for preschoolers. The child care environment was assessed in each center over 1 full day using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation instrument. RESULTS Menus met one half to two thirds of the recommended levels for energy, carbohydrate, protein, and vitamins A and C. However, the menus were high in saturated fat and sodium content and did not meet the recommendations for iron or fiber. The majority of the centers did not meet the recommendations for MyPlate food group standards for preschoolers. On the day of the observation, seven centers did not serve a vegetable and more than half of the centers (n=13) did not serve any whole grains. Nineteen centers served high-sugar and/or high-fat foods and 11 did not have visible water indoors. CONCLUSIONS This study identified determinants of the child care environment and nutritional characteristics of the combined meals and snacks offered to children. Findings from this study could inform child care centers how to provide healthier nutrition environments to preschool children.
Association of A/G Polymorphism in Intron 13 of the Monoamine Oxidase B Gene with Schizophrenia in a Spanish Population

Background: Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) enzyme is involved in the oxidative metabolism of dopamine. We studied whether the A644G polymorphism in intron 13 of the MAO-B gene is a risk factor for schizophrenia. Methods: 242 subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia and related disorders and 290 hospital-based controls participated in the study. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood and genotyped with the allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction method. Results: This polymorphism was studied by diagnosis subgroups and the G allele was identified as a risk factor for developing schizophrenia (p = 0.006). When we performed a sex-specific analysis, the G allele was only a risk factor for developing schizophrenia in women (p = 0.01). Although the frequency of the G allele is higher in male patients than in male controls, no statistically significant association with schizophrenia was found. Conclusion: Our results support the involvement of the MAO-B gene in schizophrenia, particularly in women.
Resource complementarities in R&D network for innovation performance: evidence from the agricultural sector in Brazil and Spain

This article deals with interorganizational networks for the development of technologies and innovation, the sharing of resources to generate competitive advantages, and the complementarity of resources within the context of interorganizational relations. The aim was to establish the relationship between the complementarity of resources in networks and innovation performance. This research used qualitative comparative analysis and content analysis to investigate 25 networks in the agrobusiness sector in Brazil and Spain. Findings revealed that there is complementarity among resources in a network created to innovate; to produce innovation a combination of resources in the networks is necessary, there is a country effect on the resources set connected to innovation, the network is a structure that favors innovation development but its ‘management’ is essential to achieving success.
Body mass index and the risk of COPD.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have documented the prognostic value of low body weight in patients with COPD and also in general populations. However, it is not clear whether low body weight is a risk factor for COPD or a consequence of established disease. STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine whether asymptomatic subjects with low initial body mass were at a greater risk of having COPD develop during subsequent follow-up. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Observational retrospective study of 458 male and 192 female participants (age range, 40 to 73 years) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. At baseline, the participants did not have COPD. After mean follow-up periods of 10.2 years for the men and 6.4 years for the women, 40 men and 7 women received a diagnosis of COPD. METHODS Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to assess the relationship between COPD diagnosis and baseline body mass index (BMI) in men. RESULTS The risk of COPD developing in men varied inversely with baseline BMI, even after adjusting for other risk factors, including cigarette smoking, age, FEV(1) percent predicted, abdominal obesity, and educational status. In men, the relative risk of COPD developing for the lowest BMI tertile relative to the highest tertile was 2.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 6.59). The small number of women who had COPD did not allow us to draw conclusions regarding BMI as a risk factor for COPD. CONCLUSION After controlling for confounding variables, men with low BMI are at increased risk for getting COPD.
Therapeutic Use of Antibiotic-loaded Bone Cement in the Treatment of Hip and Knee Joint Infections

The use of antibiotic-loaded cement spacers is an established method in the management of periprosthetic hip and knee joint infections. Despite inconsistencies among published studies, data shows that infection control rates exceed 90% with two-stage exchange arthroplasty. The present work reviews the current literature about antibiotic-loaded cement spacers and concentrates on the indications for spacer implantation, spacer production details, antibiotic impregnation, pharmacokinetic properties, clinical success, mechanical complications, and systemic safety.
In vivo use of oligonucleotides to inhibit choroidal neovascularisation in the eye

We have previously demonstrated the in vivo uptake of oligonucleotides in the rat eye and have continued with experiments to look at the effectiveness of targeted oligonucleotide sequences. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is correlated with new blood vessel formation and has been implicated in numerous eye diseases characterised by abnormal blood vessel proliferation. An oligonucleotide targeted to the VEGF sequence was examined for its effect on VEGF production in vitro and the development of choroidal neovascularisation in vivo in the eye.
Active learning for computational chemogenomics.

AIM Computational chemogenomics models the compound-protein interaction space, typically for drug discovery, where existing methods predominantly either incorporate increasing numbers of bioactivity samples or focus on specific subfamilies of proteins and ligands. As an alternative to modeling entire large datasets at once, active learning adaptively incorporates a minimum of informative examples for modeling, yielding compact but high quality models. Results/methodology: We assessed active learning for protein/target family-wide chemogenomic modeling by replicate experiment. Results demonstrate that small yet highly predictive models can be extracted from only 10-25% of large bioactivity datasets, irrespective of molecule descriptors used. CONCLUSION Chemogenomic active learning identifies small subsets of ligand-target interactions in a large screening database that lead to knowledge discovery and highly predictive models.
Microsatellite instability, loss of heterozygosity, and loss of hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein expression in endometrial carcinoma.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) due to replication errors occurs frequently in hereditary tumors. Association with functional inactivation of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes and lack of protein expression has been described. In endometrial carcinoma (EC), the prevalence and clinical significance of these phenomena are not well known. Therefore, DNA samples from 89 EC and 5 metachronous tumors were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction, using 5 microsatellite markers and a DNA sequencer for amplicon detection. The results were correlated with immunohistochemistry of hMLH1 and hMSH2. MSI at >or=2 loci (MSI-H) was detected in 10/89 EC (11%); 1 of 10 showed loss of both hMLH1 and hMSH2, and 5 of 10 showed loss of hMLH1 (P < 0.0001). MSI-H was observed frequently in tumors with mucinous differentiation (P = 0.048), >10% of solid-cribriform pattern (P = 0.037), International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage III to IV (4 of 13; P = 0.016), and necrosis >5% (P = 0.07). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in >or=1 loci was found in 17 of 156 (11%). Survival (Kaplan-Meier) was longer for patients with endometrioid tumors with predominant glandular pattern, <5% necrosis, low FIGO stage and grade, superficial myometrial infiltration, no lymph-vascular invasion (LVI), and loss of hMLH1 expression (all P <or= 0.04). Cox analysis showed independent value for stage, grade, histologic type and pattern, LVI, and hMLH1 expression (all P < 0.05). Age, MSI status, LOH, peritumoral inflammatory reaction, hMSH2, and development of metachronous tumors did not influence survival. In conclusion, MSI phenotype was observed in a small subset of mainly advanced-stage EC, frequently showing mucinous differentiation, areas of solid-cribriform pattern, and necrosis. It is often associated with loss of hMLH1 expression, which may be a prognostic marker, but only rarely with defects of hMSH2.
Rethinking Idiosyncratic Volatility: Is it Really a Puzzle?

In their paper, Ang, Hodrick, Xing, and Zhang [AHXZ (2006)] show that idiosyncratic volatility [Ivol] is inversely related to future stock returns: low Ivol stocks earn higher returns than do high Ivol stocks. The main contribution of this paper is to provide evidence that it is the month to month changes in Ivol that produce AHXZ's results. More specifically, a portfolio of stocks that move from Quintile 1 (low Ivol) to Quintile 5 (high Ivol) earns an average risk-adjusted return of 5.36% per month in the month of the change. Whereas, a portfolio of stocks that move from the highest to the lowest Ivol quintiles earns -0.85% per month in the month of the change. Eliminating all firm-month observations with Ivol quintile changes, I find, opposite to the results of AHXZ, that low Ivol stocks consistently earn lower returns than do high Ivol stocks. I find that many of the extreme changes in Ivol are related to business events. In general, the pattern usually observed is that an announcement or an event increases uncertainty about a stock and hence, its Ivol increases. After the event, uncertainty is resolved and then the stock returns to a lower Ivol quintile.
Natural course of cannabis use disorders

Background Despite its importance as a public health concern, relatively little is known about the natural course of cannabis use disorders (CUDs). The primary objective of this research was to provide descriptive data on the onset, recovery and recurrence functions of CUDs during the high-risk periods of adolescence, emerging adulthood and young adulthood based on data from a large prospective community sample. Method Probands (n = 816) from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project (OADP) participated in four diagnostic assessments (T1–T4) between the ages of 16 and 30 years, during which current and past CUDs were assessed. Results The weighted lifetime prevalence of CUDs was 19.1% with an average onset age of 18.6 years. Although gender was not significantly related to the age of initial CUD onset, men were more likely to be diagnosed with a lifetime CUD. Of those diagnosed with a CUD episode, 81.8% eventually achieved recovery during the study period. Women achieved recovery significantly more quickly than men. The recurrence rate (27.7%) was relatively modest, and most likely to occur within the first 36 months following the offset of the first CUD episode. CUD recurrence was uncommon after 72 months of remission and recovery. Conclusions CUDs are relatively common, affecting about one out of five persons in the OADP sample prior to the age of 30 years. Eventual recovery from index CUD episodes is the norm, although about 30% of those with a CUD exhibit a generally persistent pattern of problematic use extending 7 years or longer.
A Gendered Imperative: Does Sexual Violence Attract UN Attention in Civil Wars?

There is increasing awareness that sexual violence is distinct from other aspects of civilian victimization in civil wars. Few studies have examined the independent impact of such violence on responses to civil wars as compared to “traditional” forms of violence. This article explores whether reports of high levels of rape and sexual violence increase the probability of United Nations (UN) attention to conflicts and calls to action. In so doing, we combine original data on UN Security Council (UNSC) resolutions with data on sexual violence in armed conflict and estimate the impact of sexual violence on UN attention to all civil wars from 1990 to 2009. We show that the effects of sexual violence on the number and level of UNSC resolutions are significant even when controlling for other important determinants of UN action. These findings have important implications for understanding how the UN has expanded its view on protecting civilians.
ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION SCHEMES AND PROPERTY VALUES: EVIDENCE FROM THE HONG KONG PRIME COMMERCIAL OFFICE MARKET

A barrier to green-building development is the uncertainty and scepticism about the financial implications. This study aimed to investigate whether the green-certification schemes help buyers to recognize the benefits of green office buildings by their willingness to pay a premium for such buildings. The study used a hedonic-model based on a sample of 67 prime office buildings (including non-green comparables) certified by HKBEAM, BEAM-Plus and LEED in Hong Kong. The empirical findings suggest that green certification schemes add extra value to an office property. The rental value of office properties certified by HKBEAM, BEAM Plus and LEED is about 10.9% higher than for non-certified office buildings. More specifically, tenants/users are willing to pay a premium of 10.9% for green-certified office properties. The findings have practical implications in encouraging green building development in Hong Kong and elsewhere. The findings indicate that the higher rental income from green office buildings can cover the additional cost of obtaining green certification within a period of 22-months (22.32 months) in Hong Kong. The results provide references for various stakeholders (developers/investors/users) in establishing the business case for green-office buildings, because of the ability of the market to capitalize the environmental benefits of green office properties.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Lupus Nephritis

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies with other types of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) (antiphosphatidylserine—aPS, antiphosphatidylinositol—aPI, antiphosphatidylethanolamine—aPE) in patients with lupus nephritis and to find if the examination of a panel of various aPL is valuable for further diagnosis of patients. Additionally we determined the levels of autoantibodies against β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL) and also investigated the relationship between antibodies against β2GPI and oxLDL, which were assessed by ELISA methods. Twenty-two patients with lupus nephritis were studied. The control group consisted of 62 healthy blood donors. A statistically significant higher occurrence of all aPLs in the patients with lupus nephritis in comparison to the control group was found. The prevalence of polyspecific antibodies, which reacted with at least two various phospholipids, was 82% in the group of SLE patients. Significantly higher levels of IgG anti-β2GPI in the sera of SLE patients (p = 0.0003) was detected. The levels of anti-oxLDL in the sera of the patients group did not differ significantly from the control one. Some positive samples for anti-β2GPI and negative for aCL or anti-oxLDL and vice versa were found. It can be concluded that the production of aPL including anti-β2GPI and anti-oxLDL in the lupus nephritis patients is higher in comparison with healthy blood donors. We assume that the estimation of various types of aPL may be important in the selection of the group patients with renal diseases. The synthesis of aPL can reflect the spreading of the autoimmune response for several antigens modified on the vessel wall.
Ambiguity, Long-Run Risks, and Asset Prices

We generalize the long-run risks (LRR) model in Bansal and Yaron (2004) by incorporating the recursive smooth ambiguity aversion preferences of Klibanoff, Marinacci, and Mukerji (2005, 2009) and time-varying ambiguity. Relative to the Bansal-Yaron model, the generalized LRR model remains tractable and is more flexible due to the separation of ambiguity aversion from risk aversion and the intertemporal elasticity of substitution. The three-way separation allows the model to further account for the variance premium puzzle, besides the puzzles of the equity premium, the risk-free rate, and the return predictability. Specifically, the model matches reasonably well key asset pricing moments with risk aversion under 5. By calibration we show that the ambiguity aversion channel accounts for 77 percent of the variance premium, and 40 percent of the equity premium.
Translucency of human teeth and dental restorative materials and its clinical relevance

Abstract. The purpose was to review the translucency of human teeth and related dental materials that should be considered for the development of esthetic restorative materials. Translucency is the relative amount of light transmission or diffuse reflection from a substrate surface through a turbid medium. Translucency influences the masking ability, color blending effect, and the degree of light curing through these materials. Regarding the translucency indices, transmission coefficient, translucency parameter, and contrast ratio have been used, and correlations among these indices were confirmed. Translucency of human enamel and dentine increases in direct proportion to the wavelength of incident light in the visible light range. As for the translucency changes by aging, limited differences were reported in human dentine, while those for enamel proved to increase. There have been studies for the adjustment of translucency in dental esthetic restorative materials; the size and amount of filler and the kind of resin matrix were modified in resin composites, and the kind of ingredient and the degree of crystallization were modified in ceramics. Based on the translucency properties of human enamel and dentine, those of replacing restorative materials should be optimized for successful esthetic rehabilitation. Biomimetic simulation of the natural tooth microstructure might be a promising method.
Comparative effects of ketorolac, dezocine, and fentanyl as adjuvants during outpatient anesthesia.

The comparative effects of ketorolac, dezocine, and fentanyl were evaluated in 136 healthy female patients undergoing outpatient laparoscopic procedures according to a randomized, double-blind protocol. Patients received ketorolac (60 mg) or dezocine (6 mg) or fentanyl (100 micrograms, control group) before the start of the operation. A standardized general anesthetic technique consisting of midazolam (2 mg), fentanyl (50 micrograms), and propofol (2 mg/kg) for induction of anesthesia followed by propofol (120 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), vecuronium (1-2 mg), and 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen for maintenance of anesthesia, was used. In the postanesthesia care unit, 61% of patients in the fentanyl group received analgesic drugs for persistent pain, compared with 34% and 25% in the ketorolac and dezocine groups, respectively. Similarly, less postoperative fentanyl (mean +/- SD) was required in the ketorolac (22 +/- 33 micrograms) and dezocine (18 +/- 35 micrograms) groups, compared with the fentanyl (58 +/- 71 micrograms) group. However, 52% of the patients receiving dezocine required antinausea therapy in the postanesthesia care unit, compared with 20% and 18% in the fentanyl and ketorolac groups, respectively. Finally, recovery times were significantly shorter in the ketorolac (vs dezocine) group. Although both ketorolac and dezocine were effective alternatives to fentanyl when administered during outpatient laparoscopy, dezocine was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative nausea and a delayed discharge time compared with ketorolac.
Intake and digestion in cattle fed warm- or cool-season grass hay with or without supplemental grain.

Intake and digestion in cattle fed warm- or cool-season grass hay with or without low-level grain supplementation were studied with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in two 4 x 4 Latin square experiments. In Exp. 1, four cannulated beef cows (396 kg) were given Bermuda grass (B) or orchard grass (OG) hay at 1.5% body weight (BW) with 0 or . 3% BW of ground corn (C; dry matter). Bermuda grass contained 12.1% crude protein, 79.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 5.5% acid detergent lignin (ADL); OG contained 10.6% crude protein, 82.4% NDF and 8.1% ADL. An interaction (P less than .07) between forage type and C supplementation was noted for microbial N entering the duodenum; C supplementation had a positive effect with B (30% increase) and little effect with OG. Corn supplementation did not affect ruminal NDF digestion with B, but it elicited an increase with OG (interaction, P less than .05; means were 60.7, 60.1, 61.5 and 66.3%). In the second experiment, growing dairy steers (196 kg) were given ad libitum access to similar B or OG hays and were fed 0 or . 5% BW of C. Dry matter (DM) intake was lower for OG than for B (P less than .05) and was lower with than without C (P less than .06; means were 2.76, 2.56, 2.53 and 2.30% BW for B, BC, OG and OGC, respectively). Total tract organic matter digestion (%) was higher for OG than for B (P less than .10) and was higher with than without C (means were 54.7, 61.5, 60.4 and 65.3%). In conclusion, chemical constituents such as NDF may govern differences in intake between warm- and cool-season grasses, but physical attributes of the forages appear more important to digestion.