Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First-principles study of diffusion and viscosity of anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) liquid at high pressure

Abstract We have carried out equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of CaAl2Si2O8 (anorthite) liquid as a function of pressure (up to 160 GPa) and temperature (2500 to 6000 K) within density functional theory. Along the 3000 K isotherm, the Ca self-diffusivity varies most (decreasing by two orders of magnitude between 0 and 50 GPa), whereas the self-diffusion coefficients of Al, Si, and O vary anomalously- they initially increase with pressure, reach the broad maxima (around 5 GPa), and then decrease upon further compression. The calculated melt viscosity also shows a weak anomalous behavior with a local minimum around a similar pressure. Temperature suppresses the dynamical anomalies as well as the overall pressure variations. Therefore, the curvatures of the diffusivity (viscosity) isotherms change from a concave (convex) shape at 3000 K to a convex (concave) shape at 6000 K. We find that anorthite liquid is much more mobile than silica liquid because of its high content of non-bridging oxygen atoms (NBO) and oxygen triclusters (O3). The predicted pressure variations can be associated with structural changes consisting of the pressure-induced maximum in the abundance of pentahedral states (fivefold Al/Si-O coordination) and rapid increase in the O3 abundance. Finally, our predicted first-principles results compare favorably with the available experimental data.
Images in Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome

Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) is a very rare genetic condition. A 16-month old girl one of twin, was born from consanguineous marriage with microcephaly, global developmental delay, hypertonia, failure to thrive has been presented here. Extensive lab work and MRI images suggested differential diagnosis of Aicardi-Goutieres, megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, CMV TORCH intrauterine infection. The molecular testing for Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) was performed which revealed an apparent homozygous deletion of exons 14 and 15 in the SAMHD1 gene. These exons repeatedly failed to amplify for sequence analysis which is consistent with a diagnosis of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. Symptomatic management and Genetic counselling done.
Linguistic Accommodation by Argentinean Immigrants in Spain: The case of the pronoun vos and other features

Based on the analysis of authentic service encounter interactions and a perception questionnaire, this paper examines the accommodation patterns shown by Argentinean immigrants living in Valencia, Spain. The main focus is on the informal second person singular form vos used in Argentina as opposed to the form tu used in Spain in similar contexts. Given the marked differences in the pronominal address systems available in Argentinean and Peninsular Spanish, this study is aimed at finding out if speakers of Argentinean Spanish interacting with Spaniards in Spain accommodate to the Peninsular system or maintain their own. An analysis is also offered on lexical and phonetic accommodation. The study sets out to determine if the participants‟ gender, activity (i.e., service user or service provider) and the years of residence in Spain have any effect on their accommodation behaviour towards Peninsular forms. Results show that men accommodate slightly more than women, that service providers display higher accommodation rates than service users and that the years of residence in Spain do not play a role in accommodation patterns. With respect to the results from the questionnaire, the study also found a significant discrepancy between actual and reported linguistic behaviour.
Affective Commitment in Co-operative Organizations: What Makes Members Want to Stay?

Affective member commitment is seen as an essential ingredient for sustainable and successful co-operation. It provides co-operatives with flexibility and helps to alleviate the problems of free-riding, property rights, and horizon differences. The importance of affective commitment is highlighted as co-operatives face the challenges of an increasingly globalized business environment. Co-operatives need to promote their members’ desire to remain as members and active users of the organization they own. In this paper, we review extant co-operative literature on members’ affective commitment and develop proposals on the sources of this type of commitment within a co-operative context. Hence, the focus of this paper is on the sources rather than the outcomes of affective commitment. Affective commitment is explained through three theoretical frameworks, namely organizational identification, organization-based self-esteem, and psychological ownership. Linkages are identified and a theoretical model is presented. Our work creates value for future research and practice of co-operation by summarizing extant knowledge on the sources of affective commitment, specifying previously unspecified relationships, and identifying avenues for future research.
Equilibrium forest demography explains the distribution of tree sizes across North America

The distribution of tree sizes within a forest strongly influences how it will respond to disturbances and environmental changes such as future climate change and increases in atmospheric CO2. This means that global vegetation models must include variation in tree size to accurately represent carbon sinks, such as that seen in North America. Here we use an analytical model of large-scale forest demography which assumes tree growth varies as a power of tree diameter whilst tree mortality is independent of size. The equilibrium solutions of this model are able to accurately reproduce the tree-size distributions, for 61 species and four plant functional types, measured across North America, using just a single species-specific fitting parameter, μ, which determines the ratio of mortality to growth. The predictions of metabolic scaling theory for tree-size distributions are also tested and found to deviate significantly from observations and that maybe explained by the assumptions made about how individual trees fill the available space. We show that equilibrium forest demography implies a single curve that relates mean tree diameter to μ, and that this can be used to make reasonable estimates of the whole dataset mean trunk diameter by fitting only to the larger trees. Our analysis suggests that analytical solutions such as those in this paper may have a role in aiding the understanding and development of next-generation Dynamic Global Vegetation Models based on ecosystem demography.
Vaccination Status and Factors Associated With It among Children Aged 12- 23 Months in Wadera District, South East Ethiopia

Background: Vaccination is one of public health interventions that protect children from vaccine-preventable diseases. In 2012 the WHO revealed that around 1.5 million children worldwide died from vaccine-preventable diseases. There for the objective of the study was to assess Vaccination status and factors associated with it among children aged 12-23 months in Wadera District. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2016. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants and semi-structured questionnaire using interview-administered technique was used to collect data. The collected data were entered using Epi Data version 3.2 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Multivariate logistic regression with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p value<0.05 level of significance were used to assess factors associated with vaccination status. Results: Four hundred four mothers were interviewed, giving a response rate of 98.2% and from the total, 41.4% were fully vaccinated while 5.9% of the children were unvaccinated. Variables showing further association includes; had three or above Anti Natal Care (ANC) visit [AOR=3.8 (2.1-6.9)], three or above doses of TT vaccine [AOR=4 (1.7- 9.6)], Children born in health institutions [AOR=2.1 (1.1- 4.0)], had Post Natal Care (PNC) follow up [AOR=2.8 (1.6- 5.0)], mothers who were walked less than 30 min to Vaccination site [AOR=4.0 (1.2-13.2)] and mothers who had good knowledge on vaccine [AOR=5.7 (2.9-11.2)]. Conclusion: The vaccination coverage in the District was low.
Options for Solar Thermal and Heat Recovery Loop Hybrid System Design

Integration of solar thermal energy into low temperature pinch processes, like dairy and food and beverage processes is more economic when combined with a Heat Recovery Loop (HRL) to form a hybrid inter-plant heat recovery system. The hybrid system shares common infrastructure and improves solar heat utilisation through direct solar boosting of the HRL intermediate fluid’s temperature and enthalpy either through parallel or series application. The challenge of dealing with variable solar energy supply is less of a problem in the hybrid system because the HRL with its associated storage acts as an enthalpy buffer which absorbs temperature and flow rate fluctuations on both the heat supply (including solar) and heat demand side simultaneously. Three options for integrating solar thermal directly into HRLs are applied to a large multi-plant dairy case study to demonstrate the hot utility savings potential of the Solar-HRL hybrid system. HRL performance with Variable Temperature Storage (VTS) and solar is dynamically modelled with historical plant data. The series configuration is shown to be consistently better than parallel configuration for the same thermal storage volumes and similar heat exchanger areas.
Nutrient status and nutrient competition of phytoplankton in a shallow, hypertrophic lake

The nutritional status of phytoplankton in a shallow, hypertrophic lake was analyzed by stoichiometry of seston and by enrichment bioassays during a 6-month period. Both methods suggested moderate and temporally interrupted nutrient limitation of reproductive rates. Nitrogen was the most frequently limiting nutrient, phosphorus was next, and silicate limitation of three diatom species occurred only once. The nutritional status of the most abundant individual species could be described by the Monod equation. The nutritional status of the entire phytoplankton assemblage could be described by a modified version of the Droop equation. In accordance with competition theory, phytoplankton species were arrayed along resource ratio gradients. These results are consistent with ecophysiological models derived from culture experiments.
Escape of Lyα and continuum photons from star-forming galaxies

A large number of high-redshift galaxies have been discovered via their narrow-band Lya line or broad-band continuum colors in recent years. The nature of the escaping process of photons from these early galaxies is crucial to understanding galaxy evolution and the cosmic reionization. Here, we investigate the escape of Lya, non-ionizing UV-continuum (l = 1300 - 1600 angstrom in rest frame), and ionizing photons (l 6, but they can maintain the ionization of IGM at z ~ 0 - 5.
Deep spectroscopy of the FUV–optical emission lines from a sample of radio galaxies at z∼ 2.5: metallicity and ionization*

We present long-slit near-infrared (NIR) spectra, obtained using the Infrared Spectrometer And Array Camera (ISAAC) instrument at the Very Large Telescope, which sample the rest-frame optical emission lines from nine radio galaxies at z∼ 2.5. One-dimensional spectra have been extracted and, using broad-band photometry, have been cross-calibrated with spectra from the literature to produce line spectra spanning a rest wavelength of ∼1200–7000 A. The resulting line spectra have a spectral coverage that is unprecedented for radio galaxies at any redshift. We have also produced a composite of the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV)–optical line fluxes of powerful, z∼ 2.5 radio galaxies. We have investigated the relative strengths of Lyα, Hβ, Hα, He iiλ1640 and He iiλ4687, and we find that Av can vary significantly from object to object. In addition, we have identified new line ratios to calculate electron temperature: [Ne v]λ1575/[Ne v]λ3426, [Ne iv]λ1602/[Ne iv]λ2423, O iii]λ1663/[O iii]λ5008 and [O ii]λ2471/[O ii]λ3728. We calculate an average O iii temperature of 14100+1000−600 K. We have modelled the rich emission line spectra, and we conclude that they are best explained by active galactic nucleus (AGN) photoionization with the ionization parameter U varying between objects. For shock models (with or without the precursor) to provide a satisfactory explanation for the data, an additional source of ionizing photons is required – presumably the ionizing radiation field of the AGN. Single slab photoionization models are unable to reproduce the high- and the low-ionization lines simultaneously: the higher ionization lines imply higher U than do the lower ionization lines. This problem may be alleviated either by combining two or more single slab photoionization models with different U, or by using mixed-medium models such as those of Binette, Wilson & Storchi-Bergmann. In either case, U must vary from object to object. On the basis of N v/N iv] and N iv]/C iv we argue that, while photoionization is the dominant ionization mechanism in the extended emission line regions (EELR), shocks make a fractional contribution (∼10 per cent) to its ionization. The N v/N iv] and N iv]/C iv ratios in the broad-line region (BLR) of some quasars suggest that shock ionization may be important in the BLR also. We find that in the EELR of z∼ 2 radio galaxies the N/H abundance ratio is close to its solar value. We conclude that N/H and metallicity do not vary by more than a factor of 2 in our sample. These results are consistent with the idea that the massive ellipticals which become the hosts to powerful AGN are assembled very early in the history of the universe, and then evolve relatively passively up to the present day.
XMM-Newton Spectroscopy of the Highly Polarized and Luminous Broad Absorption Line Quasar CSO 755

We present the results from XMM-Newton observations of the highly optically polarized broad absorption line quasar (BALQSO) CSO 755. By analyzing its X-ray spectrum with a total of ∼3000 photons, we find that this source has the X-ray continuum of a typical radio-quiet quasar, with a photon index of Γ = 1.83 and a rather flat (X-ray bright) intrinsic optical–X-ray spectral slope of αox = -1.51. The source shows evidence for intrinsic absorption, and fitting the spectrum with a neutral-absorption model gives a column density of NH ∼ 1.2 × 1022 cm-2; this is among the lowest X-ray columns measured for BALQSOs. We do not detect, with high significance, any other absorption features in the X-ray spectrum. We place upper limits on the rest-frame equivalent width of a neutral (ionized) Fe Kα line, ≤180 eV (≤120 eV), and on the Compton-reflection component parameter, R ≤ 0.2, suggesting that most of the X-rays from the source are directly observed rather than being scattered or reflected; this is also supported by the relatively flat intrinsic αox we measure. The possibility that most of the X-ray flux is scattered due to the high level of UV-optical polarization is ruled out. Considering data for 46 BALQSOs from the literature, including CSO 755, we have found that the UV-optical continuum polarization level of BALQSOs is not correlated with any of their X-ray properties. A lack of significant short- and long-term X-ray flux variations in the source may be attributed to a large black hole mass in CSO 755. We note that another luminous BALQSO, PG 2112+059, has both similar shallow C IV BALs and moderate X-ray absorption.
Modelling of Thermal Desorption of Volatile Organic Compounds from Activated Carbon

VIOLETA ALEXANDRA ION1, OANA CRISTINA PARVULESCU1*, TANASE DOBRE1, NARCIS DUTEANU2, SABINA GEORGIANA NITU1 1 Politehnica University of Bucharest, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, 1-3 Gheorghe Polizu Str. , 011061, Bucharest, Romania 2 PolitehnicaUniversity of Timisoara, Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Inorganic Compounds and Environmental Department, 2 Piata Victoriei, 300006, Timisoara, Romania
Efficiency of Financial Markets in Transition: The Case of Macroeconomic Releases

This paper contributes to the discussion on the efficiency of newly emerged financial markets in transition economies. We use data on one of the most developed financial markets in transition, the Czech Republic, to investigate financial market efficiency by examining the reaction to macroeconomic releases. Direct measure of market expectations, that is, survey data, is used to form a proxy for market expectations. The reactions of interest rates, bond yields, exchange rates, and the stock market index are explored. We found that, despite the fact that the survey data appear to reasonably approximate rational expectations, the Czech market lacks basic efficiency properties. It reacts to the expected part of the news announcement, and the adjustment is stretched over a period of several days. In the case of CPI, we found evidence suggesting that the efficiency of the market improves over time.
The influence of age on the relationships between SMEs growth and its determinants: empirical evidence using Panel Data

The Influence of Age on the Relationships between SMEs Growth and its Determinants: Empirical Evidence Using Panel Data Abstract: Using two sub-samples of Portuguese SMEs: 1) 495 young SMEs; and 2) 1350 old SMEs, through the two-step estimation method, we examine if age is a fundamental characteristic of the relationships established between determinants and SME growth. The multiple empirical evidence allows us to conclude that age is a determinant for the relationships formed between determinants and SME growth: 1) age and size are negatively related to growth in young SMEs, but are not relevant in explaining the growth of old SMEs; 2) cash flow and debt are of greater relative importance for growth in young SMEs than for growth in old SMEs, with R&D expenditure being of greater relative importance for growth in old SMEs than for growth in young SMEs; and 3) growth in young SMEs is found to have a continuous tendency, unlike the case of old SMEs. We also find significant differences between the determinants of survival in young SMEs and old SMEs.
Team Teaching for Higher Level Learning: A Framework of Professional Collaboration

Management education must develop students who can analyze robustly and think creatively. Team teaching can facilitate such development. This article presents a brief discussion of team teaching, develops a framework to link team teaching to cognitively complex learning objectives, offers insights for team teaching protocols when applying this framework, and discusses faculty and student experiences. Readers experienced in team teaching are offeredways to efficiently explore the boundaries of this pedagogical form. Those new to team teaching will find the framework useful in overcoming difficulties frequently of concern when first participating in a teaching team.
Physiological response of selected eragrostis species to water-deficit stress

Plant water-deficit stress is considered to be one of the greatest threats to world agriculture. In an effort to identify a better performing crop variety of Eragrostis tef under this stress, the responses of two varieties, white (W) and brown (B) seeded, were compared with those of the resurrection grass Eragrostis nindensis during a dehydration/rehydration cycle. After 6 days of dehydration, relative water content (RWC) dropped to 33%, 43% and 39% in En, Et(B) and Et(W) plants, respectively. This water loss was accompanied by a decline in transpiration and increased electrolyte leakage in the Et varieties. Et(W) did not recover from this level of drying when watered. Et(B) on the other hand recovered fully from 43% RWC, but lost viability after 9 days dehydration, RWC < 30%. En showed full metabolic recovery from drying to 10% RWC. Loss of viability in the Et varieties was accompanied by an increase in electrolyte leakage and irreversible decline in photosynthesis and transpiration. Ultrastructural study also indicated a drying-induced damage to membranes and organelles of Et tissues dehydrated for 6 days which was reversed in Et(B), 43% RWC, on rehydration. However, after 9 days of dehydration, (< 30% RWC), severe irreversible damage occurred to the entire subcellular organization of both Et varieties and was accompanied by loss of viability. This study shows that En is a true resurrection plant and both Et varieties are desiccation sensitive but drought tolerant to varying degrees. Et(B) is more drought tolerant and hence a better choice crop in drought prone areas. Comparative study of closely related plant species might be a better approach in finding adaptive characters in crop plants with respect to environmental stresses. Key words: Eragrostis tef, eragrostis nindensis, dehydration, desiccation, gas exchange, leakage, ultrastructure.
When to Favour Your Own group? The Threats of Costly Punishments and In-group Favouritism

Using a laboratory experiment with minimal groups, we examined the extent to which the threats of costly punishments affect in-group favouritism behaviour. We studied three types of punishment separately: in-group, out-group, and third-party punishments. In line with previous studies, the majority of the allocators favoured their own group by allocating more money to each of the in-group members at the expense of the out-group in the baseline without punishment. In the in-group punishment treatment, we observed a slight increase in in-group favouritism behaviour. On the contrary, when only the out-group could punish the allocators, there was a significant drop in in-group favouritism behaviour as well as an increase in the equal division option. Finally, when faced with an independent third-party punisher the allocators continued to favour their own group. The threat of third-party punishment appeared to have no effect on their decisions. Our paper contributes to the literature on in-group favouritism and the nature of social norms by showing that the decision whether to favour one’s own group is affected by the threats of in-group and out-group punishments and whether it leads to an increase or decrease in this behaviour depends on who has the punishment power. Parochial or in-group biased norm was enforced by the in-group members, whilst ‘egalitarian sharing norm’ (across groups) was enforced by the out-group members. We conclude firstly that people apply different ‘self-serving’ social norms depending on their own group identity. Secondly, unlike selfish or opportunistic behaviours, independent third-parties, who only observed this behaviour but were not directly affected by it, were not willing to punish this behaviour.
College Adjustment, Discrimination, and Social Support among Students of Color

Despite efforts to increase underrepresented student enrollment, Students of Color continue to have significantly lower college retention rates compared to their White counterparts on many U.S. college campuses. This study investigated associations between general ethnic discrimination, emotional adjustment to college, and attachment to college in Students of Color at one predominantly White public institution in the Southeastern U.S. Students who were the first in their immediate family to attend college were compared to those with a parent who attended college. Social support from family and friends at home, as well as social integration in school were investigated as buffers of the impact of perceived discrimination. General ethnic discrimination stress was found to be a predictor of personal emotional adjustment. Social support and social integration were both predictors of personal emotional adjustment and institutional attachment. There were no significant buffering effects either for social support from home or from college. First-generation Students of Color were found to be at higher risk of experiencing lower levels of adjustment to college and higher frequency and stress of general ethnic discrimination.