Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Epidemiology and clinic of dental extractions in University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, (Burkina Faso)].

INTRODUCTION The consequences of tooth loss are often severe for the patient: aesthetic deficit, decreased masticatory coefficient, malnutrition. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of dental extractions of patients attending the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo (UTHYO). PATIENTS AND METHODS It was a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study on a sample of 65 patients who received a dental extraction at least in dental surgery of the UTHYO. RESULTS The sample consisted of 33 (50.8%) patients female to 32 (49.2%) cases of male, or a sex ratio of 0.96. The average age was 36,55 year-old with extremes of 5 and 84 years. Employees and pupils were the most affected by extractions (33 cases; 47,8% and 22 cases; 33,8%). Dental extractions were more frequent in patients aged between 25 and 60 years. A total of 84 tooth extraction was performed in 65 patients, an average of 1.3 tooth extracted per patient. The most often extracted tooth was the third lower molar (17 cases, 22,95%). The canine was the less often extracted tooth (1 case, 1,35%). Dental decay and its complications (57 cases, 67,87%) and periodontal diseases (10 cases, 11,90%) were the commonest reasons for dental extractions. CONCLUSION Dental decay and periodontal diseases are the most important causes of dental extractions. Particular emphasis should be placed on prevention and early care of teeth.
BOUNDEDNESS OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL BRANCHING MARKOV PROCESSES

A general model of a branching Markov process on ℝ is considered. Sufficient and necessary conditions are given for the random variable M=supt≥0max1≤k≤N(t)Ξk(t) to be finite. Here Ξk(t) is the position of the kth particle, and N(t) is the size of the population at time t. For some classes of processes (smooth branching diffusions with Feller-type boundary points), this results in a criterion stated in terms of the linear ODEσ2(x)2f″(x)
Aging and the cornea

Aging, the persistent decline in age specific fitness of an organism as a result of internal physiological deterioration, is a common process among multicellular organisms.1 In humans, aging is usually monitored in relation to time, which renders it difficult to differentiate between time dependent biological changes and damage from environmental insults. There are essentially three types of aging at work in any adult tissue; the aging of long lived proteins, the aging of dividing cells, and the aging of non-dividing cells.2 Dividing cells may be derived from renewing populations in which the rate of cell loss and division is great. An example is the corneal epithelium in which complete turnover occurs within 5–7 days after terminal differentiation.34Conditional renewal populations, which normally have an extremely low proliferation rate, can also produce dividing cells in response to extrinsic stimuli. Stromal keratocytes are a prime example of a conditional renewing population.5 Corneal endothelial cells retain the capacity to undergo mitosis and conditional renewal in humans although they very seldom do so.6-9 Non-dividing cells are those from static cell populations (exemplified by cerebral neurons) which never divide during adult life.3 Corneal aging produces both structural and functional changes. These changes in turn can affect the ability of the organ to refract light, to repair itself, and to protect itself and the internal structures of the eye.10 A variety of corneal aging changes have been reported. However, as it is difficult to distinguish age specific deterioration from degenerations modified by environmental and genetic factors, we think it is helpful to consider these alterations within the broader framework of the aging process. The study over the past 30 years of isolated cells in culture as a model system for aging changes has greatly advanced our understanding of …
Crime and Religion: Assessing the Role of the Faith Factor

The paper traces the role of religion in contemporary criminology as well as reviewing the development of scholarly interest in religion within the field ofcriminology. We begin with a sys,tematic review of270 published studies to better understand the state of the literature examining the relationship between religion and crime. Our systematic review provides support for the notion that religious involvement is a relevant protective and prosocial factor. We then discuss how various dimensions of religiousness may explain crime and delinquency (directly and indirectly) and contribute to criminological theories and research. Additionally, we offer several potentially fruitful avenues for research examining the efficacy of the 'faith factor" in both reducing crime and promoting prosocial behavior. We conclude with methodological and theoretical recommendations designed to assist scholars interested in research on the role of religion within criminology as well as prosocial studies more generally. Over the last five decades there has been growing interest in the nature of the relationship between religion and crime. In general, researchers have sought to determine if being more or less religious has anything to do with why people do or do not break the law. Scholars from diverse disciplines, including criminologists, interested in this line of inquiry have sought to test hypotheses, and cumulated research provides empirical insights to this important question. Criminologists should be interested in religion not only because it may be useful in explaining why people do or do not commit crime, but because religion may be helpful in understanding why people engage in prosocial activities something criminologists have generally tended to ignore. We argue it is important to understand how religiousness keeps individuals from engaging in criminal behavior, but also significant is isolating the effects, if any, of faith-motivated individuals, groups and organizations in fostering prosocial activities because prosocial behaviors decrease the probability of antisocial behaviors including crime. As one considers the possible linkages between religion and prosocial activities as well as crime, many important questions in need of serious research come to mind: How might spiritual interventions or
A conventional double-polysilicon FSA-SEG Si/SiGe:C HBT reaching 400 GHz fMAX

This paper summarizes the work carried out to improve performances of a conventional double-polysilicon FSA-SEG SiGe:C HBT towards 400 GHz f<inf>MAX</inf>. The technological optimization strategy is discussed and electrical characteristics are presented. A record peak f<inf>MAX</inf> of 423 GHz (f<inf>T</inf> = 273 GHz) is demonstrated in SiGe:C HBT technology.
Attributional Styles and Psychosocial Functioning of Adults With ADHD

Objective: This study investigates attributional styles and psychosocial functioning of men and women with ADHD identified in adulthood to inform practice issues. Method: One hundred and eighty adults participate: 52 females with ADHD, 37 males with ADHD, 51 female controls, and 40 male controls are administered questionnaires broadly assessing attributional style and psychosocial functioning. Results: The ADHD groups report more depression and anxiety, greater childhood dissatisfaction, a more external locus of control and lower self-esteem, and being more likely to be classified with a maladaptive attributional style than controls. No specific gender differences are noted in the ADHD groups, although a few overall gender differences emerge, with males reporting lower self-esteem, a more external locus of control, and more dissatisfaction in childhood than females. Conclusion: Consistent with other research, ADHD participants, regardless of gender, are struggling significantly with psychosocial functioning.
The First Mitosis of the Mouse Embryo Is Prolonged by Transitional Metaphase Arrest1

Abstract The first mitosis of the mouse embryo is almost twice as long as the second. The mechanism of the prolongation of the first mitosis remains unknown, and it is not clear whether prometaphase or metaphase or both are prolonged. Prometaphase is characterized by dynamic chromosome movements and spindle assembly checkpoint activity, which prevents anaphase until establishment of stable kinetochore-microtubule connections. The end of prometaphase is correlated with checkpoint inactivation and disappearance of MAD2L1 (MAD2) and RSN (CLIP-170) proteins from kinetochores. Spindle assembly checkpoint operates during the early mouse mitoses, but it is not clear whether it influences their duration. Here, we determine the length of prometaphases and metaphases during the first two embryonic mitoses by time-lapse video recording of chromosomes and by immunolocalization of MAD2L1 and RSN proteins. We show that the duration of the two prometaphases does not differ and that MAD2L1 and RSN disappear from kinetochores very early during each mitosis. The first metaphase is significantly longer than the second one. Therefore, the prolongation of the first embryonic mitosis is due to a prolonged metaphase, and the spindle assembly checkpoint cannot be involved in this process. We show also that MAD2L1 staining disappears gradually from kinetochores of oocytes arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division. This shows a striking similarity between the first embryonic mitosis and metaphase arrest in oocytes. We postulate that the first embryonic mitosis is prolonged by a transient metaphase arrest that is independent of the spindle assembly checkpoint and is similar to metaphase II arrest. The molecular mechanism of this transient arrest remains to be elucidated.
An Analysis of Falls Occurring in Patients with Stroke on an Acute Rehabilitation Unit

&NA; Falls are a common occurrence in stroke patients admitted to a rehabilitation unit. This study evaluates the effect of current fall risk screening and prevention strategies on the number of falls in stroke patients admitted to an acute rehabilitation facility. All stroke patients admitted to a designated acute rehabilitation unit were considered at risk for falls by virtue of their diagnosis. These patients were studied retrospectively during a 24‐month period. Wheelchair lap belts and bedrails were provided to all patients admitted to the unit. Further measures consisting of bed and chair alarms, enclosed beds, and placement in rooms close to the nursing station were implemented with high‐fall risk patients. One hundred seventeen (15.5%) of the 754 patients in this study fell. The fall index rate was 8.2 falls, based on patient care days during the study period. No injury was observed in 143 of 159 fall cases (90%). In 13 cases (8%) there were only minor injuries, and 3 falls (2%) resulted in serious injuries. Current preventive strategies decrease the number of falls and the severity of fall‐related injuries. Patients who do fall are cognitively impaired on admission and have lower ambulation speed.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy: New Thoughts on the Pathogenesis and Classification Schema

We have established the first prospective, collaborative study of spinal muscular atrophy, the second most common neuromuscular disease of childhood. One hundred and forty-one patients have been evaluated on at least four occasions over a 3-year period. The patients have been grouped by age of onset, as well as by function at the time of initial evaluation. The muscle strength of 96 patients aged 5 years or older was evaluated at 6-month intervals using a fixed myometry system. The new observations made are: (1) The present classification schema is not valid; for example, 49 patients with onset of weakness before 6 months of age (type I or Werdnig-Hoffmann disease), whose life span is said to be only 2 to 4 years, participated in the study and are 4 months to 31 years of age. (2) Thirty-seven patients were evaluated over an 18-month period. None lost strength during this time but four lost function. Although the period of observation was short, the results suggest that the loss of function in patients with spinal muscular atrophy might be explained by a process other than cell death that allows patient strength to be maintained and simultaneously prevents the motor unit from achieving its normal adult potential. (J Child Neurol 1992;7:347-353).
Differential contractile responses of pressurized porcine coronary resistance-sized and conductance coronary arteries to acetylcholine, histamine and prostaglandin F2 alpha.

The reactivities of porcine resistance-sized arteries (270 microns o.d.) and conductance coronary arteries (4.2 mm o.d.) were compared in the presence of a functional and morphologically intact endothelium using a pressurized in vitro preparation. In resistance vessels, acetylcholine (ACh) produced maximal diameter reductions of 42% and the EC50 was 0.19 microM. Constrictions to histamine and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), however, were either absent or minimal. In contrast, maximum diameter constrictions of conductance vessels were 19, 33 and 22% in response to ACh, histamine and PGF2 alpha, respectively. Corresponding EC50 values were 0.58, 2.8 and 2.9 microM. The significant differences in reactivity between resistance and conductance arteries underscore the potential importance of regional specialization in the coronary blood flow regulation.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics and tissue residues for marbofloxacin and its metabolite N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin in broiler chickens.

OBJECTIVES To determine pharmacokinetic characteristics of marbofloxacin after a single IV and oral administration and tissue residues after serial daily oral administration in chickens. ANIMALS 40 healthy broiler chickens. PROCEDURE Two groups of chickens (groups A and B; 8 chickens/group) were administered a single IV and oral administration of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg). Chickens of group C (n = 24) were given serial daily doses of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 3 days). Plasma (groups A and B) and tissue concentrations (group C) of marbofloxacin and its major metabolite N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Residues of marbofloxacin and N-desmethylmarbofloxacin were measured in target tissues. RESULTS Elimination half-life and mean residence time of marbofloxacin in plasma were 5.26 and 4.36 hours after IV administration and 8.69 and 8.55 hours after oral administration, respectively. Maximal plasma concentration was 1.05 microg/ml, and interval from oral administration until maximum concentration was 1.48 hours. Oral bioavailability of marbofloxacin was 56.82%. High concentrations of marbofloxacin and N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were found in the kidneys, liver, muscles, and skin plus fat 24 hours after the final dose of marbofloxacin; however, marbofloxacin and N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were detected in only hepatic (27.6 and 98.7 microg/kg, respectively) and renal (39.7 and 69.1 microg/kg, respectively) tissues 72 hours after termination of marbofloxacin treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Analysis of pharmacokinetic data obtained in this study reveals that a minimal therapeutic dose of 2 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours should be appropriate for control of most infections in chickens.
Feeling at Home in College: Fortifying School‐Relevant Selves to Reduce Social Class Disparities in Higher Education

Social class disparities in higher education between working-class students (i.e., students who are low income and/or do not have parents with four-year college degrees) and middle-class students (i.e., students who are high income and/or have at least one parent with a four year-degree) are on the rise. There is an urgent need for interventions, or changes to universities' ideas and practices, to increase working-class students' access to and performance in higher education. The current article identifies key factors that characterize successful interventions aimed at reducing social class disparities, and proposes additional interventions that have the potential to improve working-class students' chances of college success. As we propose in the article, effective interventions must first address key individual and structural factors that can create barriers to students' college success. At the same time, interventions should also fortify school-relevant selves, or increase students' sense that the pursuit of a college degree is central to “who I am. ” When students experience this strong connection between their selves and what it means to attend and perform well in college, they will gain a sense that they fit in the academic environment and will be empowered to do what it takes to succeed there.
High step-up DC-DC converter based on three-winding coupled inductor

In this paper a novel topology for high step-up DC-DC converter is introduced. The converter makes use of coupled inductor and voltage multiplier cell to reach the desired high step-up voltage gain. The main advantages of the proposed converter are simple topology, high step-up voltage gain, continuous input current, recycling the energy of the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor, and utilizing only one active switch with reduced voltage stress. Reduced switch voltage stress results in selection of switch with low on-resistance which improves the efficiency. Operational principles of the converter in steady state are studied and an analytical approach is used to attain voltage gain and switch voltage stress. Some of the determinant factors are compared with similar coupled inductor converters. Modular extension of the proposed converter to reach even more step-up voltage gain is also discussed. Finally appropriate performance of the proposed topology is verified by simulating a 30V/400V, 750W converter.
Multifoetal pregnancies at a maternity hospital in Nairobi.

OBJECTIVE To review some of the aspects of multiple pregnancies. DESIGN A retrospective review of multiple pregnancy deliveries. SETTING Pumwani Maternity Hospital- Nairobi Kenya, between 1st January and 31st December 2006. SUBJECTS Three hundred and twenty eight mothers with twins and two sets of triplet deliveries. RESULTS The total annual deliveries were 15,642. The twinning rate was one in 48 deliveries and the triplet rate was one in 7,821 deliveries. Most of the mothers were of low parity and in the lower age group. Majority had no previous history of twins and were married. The sex differences in both the first and second twins were as of the normal population with males being delivered more than females. Most of the twins were delivered alive through spontaneous vertex delivery (SVD). Majority of first twins had no complications while in second twins the majority had more complications. Most of the deliveries had no obvious congenital malformations. Most of the twins were of low birth weight and were of the same sex (monozygotic). The most common complications in both first and second twins were prematurity and asphyxia. The majority of the twins were diagnosed during the prenatal period and the most common method of diagnosis was by ultrasonography. The majority of the mothers had no complications. The most common maternal complications being preeclampia (PET) and anaemia. CONCLUSION Most of the mothers with multiple pregnancies were of low parity and in the lower age group. Diagnosis was mainly done by ultrasonography therefore emphasis should be done to improve clinical diagnosis especially in resource constrained facilities. A more detailed study should be undertaken especially the events in the pre-pregnancy and during the antenatal period. The present study assumes that same sex twins are the same as monozygotic twins. A more detailed study on the types of placentation would be useful. As PET, anaemia, prematurity and asphyxia are the most common maternal and neonatal complications medical workers need to be made aware of the appropriate management of the conditions. These babies will need long-term follow-up.
Screening for Melanoma by Primary Health Care Physicians: A Cost—Effectiveness Analysis

Background and design— Australia has the highest rates of skin cancer in the world, and the incidence is estimated to be doubling every 10 years. Despite advances in the early detection and treatment of melanoma about 800 people still die nationally of the disease each year. A possible strategy for further reducing the mortality from melanoma is an organised programme of population screening for unsuspected lesions in asymptomatic people. Arguments against introducing melanoma screening have been based on cost and the lack of reliable data on the efficacy of any screening tests. To date, however, there has been no systematic economic assessment of the cost effectiveness of melanoma screening. The purpose of this research was to determine whether screening may be potentially cost effective and, therefore, warrants further investigation. A computer was used to simulate the effects of a hypothetical melanoma screening programme that was in operation for 20 years, using cohorts of Australians aged 50 at the start of the programme. Based on this simulation, cost—effectiveness estimates of melanoma screening were calculated. Results— Under the standard assumptions used in the model, and setting the sensitivity of the screening test (visual inspection of the skin) at 60%, cost effectiveness ranged from Aust$6853 per life year saved for men if screening was undertaken five yearly to $12137 if screening was two yearly. For women, it ranged from $11 102 for five yearly screening to $20 877 for two yearly screening. Conclusion— The analysis suggests that a melanoma screening programme could be cost effective, particularly if five yearly screening is implemented by family practitioners for men over the age of 50.
Increased expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor but not neurotrophin‐3 mRNA in rat brain after cortical impact injury

Levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin‐3 (NT3) mRNA expression were measured in a rodent model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) following unilateral injury to the cerebral cortex. To obtain reliable data on the co‐expression of neurotrophin genes, adjacent coronal sections from the same rat brains were hybridized in situ with BDNF and NT3 cRNA probes. BDNF mRNA increased at 1, 3, and 5 hr after unilateral cortical injury in the cortex ipsilateral to the injury site and bilaterally in the dorsal hippocampus. NT3 mRNA did not change significantly following injury. Our results suggest that TBI produces rapid increases in BDNF mRNA expression in rat brain without changes in NT3 mRNA expression, a finding which differs from studies of ischemia and seizures. It is possible that increased levels of BDNF mRNA rather than NT3 are important components of pathophysiological responses to TBI. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.