Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REPORT CII. UPON THE BACTERIOLOGY OF THE SUMMER DIARRHOEA OF INFANTS

ANEuRYSM of the vessels of the foot is of such rare occurrence (Chauvel; quoted by von Bergmann, could only collect the rccords of twenty such), and, when it does occur, is nearly always to be traced to definite trauma, that I have thought tLe history of the following case of spontaneous ar eurysm occurring in my hospital practice worth recording. The patient, a woman aged 53, had noticed a small swelling on the dorsrum of her left foot for over two years. It had until the last four or five weeks given her very little inconvenience, but of late had been enlarging and had given her a good deal of pain. There had never been any ir jury of the foot, and no history of Fyphilis was to be obtained.
Accumulating quantitative trait linkage evidence across multiple datasets using the posterior probability of linkage

Genome scans for complex disorders are frequently inconclusive, prompting researchers to increase sample size in an effort to obtain stronger evidence. However, increasing sample size in the presence of locus heterogeneity may actually, on average, decrease the linkage signal at a true susceptibility gene. The posterior probability of linkage, or PPL, was specifically designed to address this issue in the context of categorical trait analysis, by appropriately accumulating evidence either for or against linkage as new data are added. We now formulate a quantitative trait (QT) analog, the QT‐PPL, which directly measures the evidence that a QT is linked to a genetic marker or location. The new QT‐PPL is based on a classical single‐locus QT likelihood with the trait parameters (allele frequency, genotypic means and variances) integrated out. We show using simulations that the QT‐PPL is robust to two key modeling violations (multiple trait loci and non‐normality in the form of excess kurtosis), as well as being inherently ascertainment corrected, and illustrate the advantages of the QT‐PPL for accumulating linkage evidence across multiple sets of data compared to other QT linkage methods. Genet. Epidemiol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origins of the Sicilian Ma a : The Market for Lemons Arcangelo Dimico

The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 77, No. 4 (December 2017). © The Economic History Association. All rights reserved. doi: 10.1017/S002205071700078X Arcangelo Dimico is Lecturer and corresponding author, Management School, Queen’s University Belfast, Riddel Hall, Belfast bt95ee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. E-mail: a.dimico@qub.ac. uk. Alessia Isopi is Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building-2.015, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. E-mail: alessia.isopi@manchester.ac. uk. Ola Olsson is Professor, Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. E-mail: ola.olsson@economics.gu. se. Special thanks to Giuliano Isopi for excellent research assistance. We gratefully acknowledge comments from Gani Aldashev, Jean-Marie Baland, Michael Bleaney, Paolo Casini, Chris Colvin, Giacomo De Luca, Stefano Fenoaltea, Halvor Mehlum, Kalle Moene, Kyriacos Neanidis, Jean-Philippe Platteau, Oleg Shchetinin, Yves Zenou, and seminar participants in Nottingham, Brown University, Gothenburg, Leuven, Birkbeck College, the EEA-ESEM meetings in Malaga, the RES Conference in Manchester, the EBHS in Manchester, Namur, Oslo, Stockholm, York, and Glasgow. Origins of the Sicilian Ma a: The Market for Lemons
Progressive Transverse Microtubule Array Organization in Hormone-Induced Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Cells[W]

The reorganization of the plant cortical microtubule cytoskeleton into a transverse coalignment was analyzed quantitatively in living cells using hormone induction. Transverse patterning initiates from the cell’s midzone, progressing bidirectionally toward the apex and base of the cell. The acentriolar cortical microtubule arrays in dark-grown hypocotyl cells organize into a transverse coaligned pattern that is critical for axial plant growth. In light-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, the cortical array on the outer (periclinal) cell face creates a variety of array patterns with a significant bias (>3:1) for microtubules polymerizing edge-ward and into the side (anticlinal) faces of the cell. To study the mechanisms required for creating the transverse coalignment, we developed a dual-hormone protocol that synchronously induces ∼80% of the light-grown hypocotyl cells to form transverse arrays over a 2-h period. Repatterning occurred in two phases, beginning with an initial 30 to 40% decrease in polymerizing plus ends prior to visible changes in the array pattern. Transverse organization initiated at the cell’s midzone by 45 min after induction and progressed bidirectionally toward the apical and basal ends of the cell. Reorganization corrected the edge-ward bias in polymerization and proceeded without transiting through an obligate intermediate pattern. Quantitative comparisons of uninduced and induced microtubule arrays showed a limited deconstruction of the initial periclinal array followed by a progressive array reorganization to transverse coordinated between the anticlinal and periclinal cell faces.
Optimisation of pectin acid extraction from passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) using response surface methodology

Summary Pectin was extracted from passion fruit peel using three different acids (citric, hydrochloric or nitric) at different temperatures (40–90 °C), pH (1.2–2.6) and extraction times (10–90 min), with and without skins using a 24 factorial design. Temperature, pH and extraction time had highly significant effects on the pectin yield. A central composite design with face centring was used to optimise the extraction process conditions for citric acid without skins. Pectin yields varied from 10% to 70%. The optimal conditions for maximisation of pectin yield were the use of citric acid at 80 °C and pH 1 with an extraction time of 10 min considering model extrapolation.
MPPT of PV Systems Under Partial Shaded Conditions Through a Colony of Flashing Fireflies

This paper reports the development of a maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) method for photovoltaic (PV) systems under partially shaded conditions using firefly algorithm. The major advantages of the proposed method are simple computational steps, faster convergence, and its implementation on a low-cost microcontroller. The proposed scheme is studied for two different configurations of PV arrays under partial shaded conditions and its tracking performance is compared with traditional perturb and observe (P&O) method and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method under identical conditions. The improved performance of the algorithm in terms of tracking efficiency and tracking speed is validated through simulation and experimental studies.
Evaluation of Immunotoxicity in a Subchronic Feeding Study of Triphenyl Phosphate

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a potential food contaminant, was fed to weanling Spartan Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0%for 120 days. The immunotoxicity evaluation, planned as a minimum testing model in a subchronic study design as well as to provide information on TPP, was performed along with the routine testing of a separate group of animals. Traditional measures were made of growth and food consumption, total pro tein analysis, electrophoretic analyses of serum proteins, lymphoid organ weights in relation to growth, and histopathology, with expanded immunohistochemical evaluation of B- and T- lymphocyte regions in spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, using immunoperoxidase staining. Assessment was made of the humoral response to a T-lymphocyte-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells, and was begun at midterm of the feeding period for the pri mary response followed by secondary and teritary booster immuni zations at 3-week intervals. The kinetics of the responses were measured by hemolysin assay of relative antibody titers at days 3, 4, 5, and 6 postinjection. No significant effects on the responses were noted for either sex at any of the dose levels tested. The only effects noted were a decreased rate of growth at high levels of TPP and increases in the levels of a- and β-globulins suggestive of increased hepatic activity.
Purification and Characterization of Two Highly Thermophilic Alkaline Lipases from Thermosyntropha lipolytica

ABSTRACT Two thermostable lipases were isolated and characterized from Thermosyntropha lipolytica DSM 11003, an anaerobic, thermophilic, alkali-tolerant bacterium which grows syntrophically with methanogens on lipids such as olive oil, utilizing only the liberated fatty acid moieties but not the glycerol. Lipases LipA and LipB were purified from culture supernatants to gel electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and hydrophobic interaction column chromatography. The apparent molecular masses of LipA and LipB determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 50 and 57 kDa, respectively. The temperature for maximal activity of LipA and LipB was around 96°C, which is, so far as is known, the highest temperature for maximal activity among lipases, and the pH optima for growth determined at 25°C (pH25°C optima) were 9.4 and 9.6, respectively. LipA and LipB at 100°C and pH25°C 8.0 retained 50% activity after 6 and 2 h of incubation, respectively. Both enzymes exhibited high activity with long-chain fatty acid glycerides, yielding maximum activity with trioleate (C18:1) and, among the p-nitrophenyl esters, with p-nitrophenyl laurate. Hydrolysis of glycerol ester bonds occurred at positions 1 and 3. The activities of both lipases were totally inhibited by 10 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 10 mM EDTA. Metal analysis indicated that both LipA and LipB contain 1 Ca2+ and one Mn2+ ion per monomeric enzyme unit. The addition of 1 mM MnCl2 to dialyzed enzyme preparations enhanced the activities at 96°C of both LipA and LipB by threefold and increased the durations of their thermal stability at 60°C and 75°C, respectively, by 4 h.
Reference Values of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume in Healthy Adults in North Central Nigeria

Background: Recently, Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and Mean platelet volume (MPV) have become increasingly useful as predictive and prognostic tools in patients with various medical conditions. To make for easy interpretation and application, the reference values of these parameters in healthy adults need to be established in our environment.Objectives: To establish the reference values for NLR, PLR and MPV in healthy adults in a tertiary health facility in the North-central Nigeria.Methods: Venous blood samples from five hundred (500) healthy adults were analyzed using a Sysmex automated haematology analyzer. The NLR and PLR were calculated while the MPV values were recorded from the print outs. The effects of some demographics on these parameters were assessed using the SPSS 19.Results: The mean value for NLR was 2.8 (reference range, 1.2-4.4), PLR was 137 (reference range, 75-199) and MPV was 10.6 fl (reference range, 9.7-11.5 fl). Individuals aged 18 to 50 years had significantly lower NLR (p=0.019) and PLR (p<0.05) than older individuals aged 51 to 85 years. PLR was also noted to be significantly higher in males than in females (p=0.003), while NLR and MPV were not affected by gender.Conclusion: The reference values for NLR vary with age while PLR vary with age and gender. These variations need to be considered while using these parameters for predictive and prognostic purposes in our environment.
Adult Hirschsprung ’ s Disease ; a case report of total Colonic Aganglionosis ( Zuelzer-Wilson Syndrome )

Hirschsprung’s disease is rare in adults and it is thus often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed.It should be considered in young adults with a history of chronic constipation.Where mostly diseased part is confined to rectosigmoid area it may involve larger segments i.e., whole of colon or even beyond that. Barium enema and anorectal manometry play role in diagnosis but definitive diagnosis is established on histology of full thickness biopsy from the rectum showing aganglionosis. Management is always surgical involving resection of aganglionic segment and restoring normal bowel continuity. We report a case of 32 years old female with Hirschsprung’s disease involving whole of colon.
Snowbeds are more affected than other subalpine–alpine plant communities by climate change in the Swiss Alps

Abstract While the upward shift of plant species has been observed on many alpine and nival summits, the reaction of the subalpine and lower alpine plant communities to the current warming and lower snow precipitation has been little investigated so far. To this aim, 63 old, exhaustive plant inventories, distributed along a subalpine–alpine elevation gradient of the Swiss Alps and covering different plant community types (acidic and calcareous grasslands; windy ridges; snowbeds), were revisited after 25–50 years. Old and recent inventories were compared in terms of species diversity with Simpson diversity and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity indices, and in terms of community composition with principal component analysis. Changes in ecological conditions were inferred from the ecological indicator values. The alpha‐diversity increased in every plant community, likely because of the arrival of new species. As observed on mountain summits, the new species led to a homogenization of community compositions. The grasslands were quite stable in terms of species composition, whatever the bedrock type. Indeed, the newly arrived species were part of the typical species pool of the colonized community. In contrast, snowbed communities showed pronounced vegetation changes and a clear shift toward dryer conditions and shorter snow cover, evidenced by their colonization by species from surrounding grasslands. Longer growing seasons allow alpine grassland species, which are taller and hence more competitive, to colonize the snowbeds. This study showed that subalpine–alpine plant communities reacted differently to the ongoing climate changes. Lower snow/rain ratio and longer growing seasons seem to have a higher impact than warming, at least on plant communities dependent on long snow cover. Consequently, they are the most vulnerable to climate change and their persistence in the near future is seriously threatened. Subalpine and alpine grasslands are more stable, and, until now, they do not seem to be affected by a warmer climate.
Comparability of the results of PT–INR with local MNPT and APTTR with MNAPTT on different coagulation analyzers in China

The prothrombin time (PT), International normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are the most used coagulation tests in China, where more than one type of automated coagulation analyzer is often used in the clinical laboratory. The PT–INR results of 109 samples were compared with local mean normal PT (MNPT) and APTT ratio (APTTR) with mean normal APTT (MNAPTT) on two different coagulation analyzers in the same laboratory. The two different coagulation analyzers showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in PT and INR determination, but there was a significant difference (P < 0.01) for APTT. The INR with local MNPT and APTTR with MNAPTT, obtained with the ACL Futura and CA 510, showed much better agreement; 98.8% (82/83) of bias for INR with local MNPT was less than 15% compared with 90.4% (75/83) of bias for INR; and 100% of bias for APTTR (62/62) was less than 15% compared with only 6.5% (4/62) of bias for APTT. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference (P = 0.865) for APTTR with MNAPTT compared with APTT (P = 0.002) between the ACL Futura and CA 510. In conclusion, these analyzers showed very poor agreement for both the PT and APTT, but the calculation of ratios significantly improved agreement.
How Do Opportunities to View Objects Together in Time Influence Children's Memory for Location?

We conducted three experiments to investigate how opportunities to view objects together in time influence memory for location. Children and adults learned the locations of 20 objects marked by dots on the floor of an open, square box. During learning, participants viewed the objects either simultaneously or in isolation. At test, participants replaced the objects without the aid of the dots. Experiment 1 showed that when the box was divided into quadrants and the objects in each quadrant were categorically related, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds and adults in the simultaneous viewing condition exhibited categorical bias, but only 11-year-olds and adults in the isolated viewing condition exhibited categorical bias. Experiment 2 showed that when the objects were categorically related but no boundaries were present, 11-year-olds and adults in the simultaneous viewing condition exhibited categorical bias, but only adults showed bias in the isolated viewing condition. Experiment 3 revealed that adults exhibited bias in both simultaneous and isolated viewing conditions when boundaries were present but the objects were not related. These findings suggest that opportunities to see objects together in time interact with cues available for grouping objects to help children form spatial groups.
Application of a multivariable feedback linearization scheme for rotor angle stability and voltage regulation of power systems

This paper investigates the application of a nonlinear controller to the multi-input multi-output model of a system consisting of a hydraulic turbine and a synchronous generator. The controller proposed is based on a feedback linearization scheme. Its main goal is to control the rotor angle as well as the terminal voltage, to improve the system's stability and damping properties under large disturbances and to obtain good post-fault voltage regulation. The response of the system is simulated in the presence of a short-circuit at the terminal of the machine in two different configurations and compared to the performance of a standard IEEE type 1 voltage regulator, PSS and a PID speed regulator.
Effect of simple, targeted diet in pregnant women with metabolic risk factors on maternal and fetal outcomes (ESTEEM): study protocol for a pragmatic multicentre randomised trial

Introduction Women with metabolic risk factors are at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Mediterranean-based dietary interventions have the potential to minimise these risks. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple, targeted intervention modelled on Mediterranean diet in preventing maternal and fetal complications in pregnant women with metabolic risk factors. Methods and analysis Pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy <18 weeks gestation, and without pre-existing diabetes, chronic renal disease and autoimmune diseases will be recruited. Women with metabolic risk factors will be randomised to receive a dietary intervention based on a Mediterranean pattern, supplemented with extra virgin olive oil and mixed nuts until delivery. The intervention will be delivered through a series of one to one and group sessions. The primary outcome is a composite maternal outcome of pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes and a composite fetal outcome of stillbirth, small for gestational age fetus or admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Secondary outcomes include maternal, fetal, dietary and laboratory outcomes. We aim to randomise 1230 eligible women with metabolic risk factors. We will also compare the outcomes in women with and without these risk factors. The sample size will provide us with 80% power at 5% significance, assuming a 20% loss to follow-up to detect a 30% reduction in maternal and fetal complications. Ethics and dissemination The ESTEEM trial is designed to provide a definitive estimate of the effects of Mediterranean dietary pattern in pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes. The pragmatic nature of ESTEEM ensures the applicability of its findings into clinical practice. The findings of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international scientific meetings and congresses. Ethical approval was granted by the NHS Research Ethics Committees (14/EE/1048). Trial registration number NCT02218931; Pre-results.
Fingerprick blood samples can be used to accurately measure tacrolimus levels by tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract: Regular monitoring of tacrolimus levels is an essential component of post‐transplantation follow up in children receiving this drug. We have developed a high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC T‐MS) methodology which measures whole blood tacrolimus levels using a 10 μL sample, thus allowing the use of fingerprick blood sampling. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of relationship between fingerprick and venous tacrolimus levels measured by HPLC T‐MS and venous levels measured using the Abbott IMx tacrolimus II assay (IMx). This has not previously been investigated. Blood samples were collected from children on five separate occasions. In addition to the routine venous IMx sample, a further venous and fingerprick sample were collected for tacrolimus level measurement by HPLC T‐MS. These were mailed to the central laboratory. One hundred and seventy‐two sets of triplicate samples were collected from 36 children (33 kidney, two kidney–pancreas and one kidney–heart). Linear regression analysis showed highly significant relationships between HPLC T‐MS venous and IMx venous levels (r2 = 0.83), HPLC T‐MS fingerprick and HPLC T‐MS venous levels (r2 = 0.85) and HPLC T‐MS fingerprick and IMx venous levels (r2 = 0.71) (all p < 0.0001). Bland Altman analysis showed a small, although statistically significant difference between measured values, fingerprick HPLC T‐MS levels being lower than venous IMx levels, the mean difference being 0.58 ng/mL (95% CI 0.26–0.91, t = 3.54, d.f. = 168, p = 0.0005 one sample t‐test). Precise conversion between the two techniques could be achieved using the regression formula; IMx venous level = 0.751 + 0.978. HPLC T‐MS fingerprick level. There is a strong significant relationship between fingerprick blood tacrolimus levels measured by HPLC T‐MS and venous blood levels measured by IMx, allowing the two to be used interchangeably for routine clinical purposes.