Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Catalan's Equation Has No New Solution with Either Exponent Less Than 10651

We consider Catalan's equation x P – y q = 1 (where all variables are integers and p, q are greater than 1), which has the obvious solution 9 – 8 = 1. Are there others? Applying old and new theoretical results to a systematic computation, we were able to improve on recent work of Mignotte and show that Catalan's equation has only the obvious solutions when min{p, q} < 10651. Two crucial tools used are a new result of Laurent, Mignotte, and Nesterenko on linear forms of logarithms, and a criterion obtained by W. Schwarz in 1994.
Adaptive immunity in melioidosis : a possible role for T cells in determining outcome of infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei

Melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Individuals with subclinical melioidosis have no apparent clinical signs or symptoms, and are identified only by positive serology. The present study is the first to investigate cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses following in vitro stimulation with B. pseudomallei antigens in peripheral bloodmononuclear cells (PBMC), collected under field conditions in Papua NewGuinea (PNG) from individuals with exposure to B. pseudomallei (n = 13). While five had a clinical history of melioidosis (C), the remaining individuals (n = 8) were seropositive, yet healthy with no clinical history of melioidosis (S/C ). Proliferation and IFN-g production were significantly greater in lymphocyte cultures from S/C individuals compared to C individuals (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). These findings demonstrate that compared to C patients, individuals with subclinical melioidosis have a stronger CMI response to B. pseudomallei antigens in vitro. Such a response may be essential for protection against disease progression. D 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Histologic peripheral nerve changes in rats induced by deltamethrin.

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides have been used in the last two decades largely because of their high activity as an insecticide and low mammalian toxicity. Some studies have demonstrated that these products, especially compounds with an alpha-cyano group, are toxic to the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) in acute intoxications. However, morphological studies are scarce. In the present work the histopathologic changes of the sciatic and tibial nerves of rats submitted to acute intoxication with the cyanopyrethroid deltamethrin were studied. For 3 consecutive days male Wistar rats received by oral gavage deltamethrin at a dose of 45 mg/kg body wt. On the 4th day fragments of sciatic and tibial nerves were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and teasing of individual nerve fibers. In addition, another group of rats were allowed to recover until the 10th day. Teasing of nerves of animals sacrificed on the 4th day revealed myelin ovoids, which are indicative of axonal damage. TEM demonstrated rare degenerated axons completely filled with organelles, in particular mitochondria, and with electron-dense lamellar bodies that resemble myelin figures. In addition, great cytoplasmic vacuolization caused by proliferation and dilation of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus was observed in some Schwann cells. No lesion was found 7 days after discontinuation of the treatment (group2). Since these histologic changes are transitory and scarce, the question arises: Are they related to the changes in NA(+), K(+)-ATPase activity or Na(+) channels caused by pyrethroid compounds?
From IgE to Omalizumab

IgE is the least abundant Ig isotype, yet it plays a critical role in allergic reactions and host protection from helminth infection. Although IgE was discovered 50 years ago, the ultimate evidence for its role in human allergic diseases was obtained by the efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in many clinical trials on asthma and other allergic diseases. Beginning from the discovery of IgE 50 y ago, followed by studies of IgE receptors and activation mechanisms, this review provides a historic perspective of allergy research that has led to the development of anti-IgE therapy and other strategies targeting IgE and its receptors. Current IgE studies toward future precision medicine are also reviewed.
Self-Report Adherence Measures in Chronic Illness: Retest Reliability and Predictive Validity

Background:Patient self-report is a practical method for measuring adherence, but little is known about its optimal use. Objectives:To examine the retest reliability and predictive validity of 3 different types of self-report adherence measures among patients with common chronic illnesses. Research Design:Correlation and regression analyses of data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial. Subjects:Patients (N = 415) aged ≥40 years recruited from a primary care network with arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, congestive heart failure, depression, and/or diabetes mellitus, plus impairment in ≥1 basic activity and/or a score of ≥4 on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Measures:Self-report adherence (administered variously at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 weeks, and 6 months): number of pills taken/number of pills prescribed (PT/PP), using 1–7 days recall, and global reports of medication adherence and overall adherence tendencies. Six-month functional outcomes: Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Short Form-36 (SF-36). Results:Correlation coefficients among contemporaneously administered 1–7 days PT/PP measures were ≥0.78. Correlations among PT/PP measures and global adherence measures, and among PT/PP measures at 2 and 4 weeks, ranged from 0.11 to 0.54. PT/PP measures using ≥3–4 days recall significantly predicted adjusted 6-month HAQ but not SF-36 score. Conclusions:Self-report PT/PP and general medication adherence measures tap different behavioral constructs. Self-reported PT/PP at a given point in time is not necessarily representative of medication adherence over time. Among chronically ill patients, 3–4 days recall of PT/PP yield adherence estimates, which are practically as reliable and valid as longer intervals and which predict functional outcomes.
Is There a Relationship Between Bladder Outlet Obstruction due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Pulmonary Thromboembolism?

Abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia with chronic bladder outlet obstruction has been associated with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and fatal pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). To evaluate this further, 60 autopsy cases of men with PTE were compared with 60 age‐matched controls. The criteria for outlet obstruction were macroscopic prostatic enlargement with bladder trabeculation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on microscopy. Ten of the 60 men (16.7%) with fatal PTE had evidence of bladder outlet obstruction (age 57–78 years; mean 71.4 years). Of the 60 controls, 12 had evidence of bladder outlet obstruction (20%) (age 67–86 years; mean 75.5 years). No significant relationship could be demonstrated between bladder outlet obstruction and fatal PTE cases (p = 0.8). Given reports of this association, however, it is possible that bladder distension with venous compression may act as a risk modifier in certain individuals in association with other significant comorbidities, but this risk appears low.
Komitmen Politik dan Peluang Pengembangan Kebijakan Gizi Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Nusa Tenggara Timur adalah salah satu daerah di Indonesia dengan prevalensi gizi buruk tertinggi. Banyak penelitian telah mengidentifikasi bahwa komitmen politik adalah salah satu alasan penting terkait rendahnya prioritas intervensi gizi buruk dan dengan mengetahui peluang kebijakan dapat membantu untuk memajukan masalah dan solusi baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai komitmen politik dan peluang pengembangan kebijakan gizi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner PCOM-RAT, sebuah teknik penilaian cepat untuk mengidentifikasi komitmen politik dan peluang kebijakan. Informan berasal dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi NTT, Bappeda Provini NTT, akademisi kesehatan, dan UNICEF perwakilan NTT yang terlibat dalam perencanaan kebijakan dari pemerintah dan non-pemerintah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif terhadap skoring hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemimpin politik secara verbal dan simbolis berkomitmen untuk mengatasi masalah gizi, tetapi alokasi anggaran dinilai masih rendah. Media diidentifikasi tidak memahami dalam melaporkan masalah gizi tanpa menggunakan indikator yang kredibel dan alternatif kebijakan yang dipikirkan dengan baik hadir tetapi masih tidak memiliki kelayakan untuk diimplementasikan.
MR imaging of meniscal cysts: incidence, location, and clinical significance.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of medial versus lateral meniscal cysts as seen on MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2572 knee MR imaging reports were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of meniscal tears and cysts. Two musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed all images with reported cysts. The type and location of meniscal tear and the presence and location of meniscal cysts were recorded. RESULTS A total of 1402 meniscal tears were reported in 2572 MR examinations (922 [66%] of 1402 in the medial compartment; 480 [34%] of 1402 in the lateral compartment). Meniscal cysts were present in 109 (4%) of 2572 knees. Of the 109 cysts, 72 (66%) were in the medial compartment, and 37 (34%) were in the lateral compartment. Meniscal cysts were found in association with 72 (7.8%) of the 922 medial meniscal tears and 37 (7.7%) of the 480 lateral meniscal tears. Meniscal cysts showed direct contact with an adjacent meniscal tear in 107 (98%) of 109 cases, with the tear showing a horizontal component in 96 (90%) of 107 cases. CONCLUSION Meniscal cysts occur almost twice as often in the medial compartment as in the lateral compartment. Medial and lateral tears occur with the same frequency. These findings, when viewed in the context of the historical literature on meniscal cysts, suggest that MR imaging detects a greater number of medial meniscal cysts than physical examination or arthroscopy, and that MR imaging can have an important impact on surgical treatment of patients.
The association between OGG 1 Ser 326 Cys polymorphism and breast cancer risk : an updated meta-analysis of 20 case-control studies

Human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) plays an important role in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Numerous epidemiological studies have explored the association between hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and breast cancer risk, but the results are inconsistent. We performed this meta-analysis to assess the association between Ser326Cys polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer, by critically reviewing 20 case-control studies including 9989 cases and 11759 controls. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixedor random-effects models to estimate the association strength. Our analysis suggested that Ser326Cys polymorphism was significant associated with an increased risk of breast cancer for recessive model (OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.01-1.19) in the whole population. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significant association was found among Asians (recessive model: OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.00-1.21; homozygote model: OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.01-1.31 and additive model: OR=1.07, 95% CI=1.01-1.14), but not Caucasians. When stratified by the source of controls, we observed a significantly increased risk of breast cancer in hospital-based studies (recessive model: OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.07-1.31; homozygote model: OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.01-1.32). Furthermore, we found a significant increased risk of breast cancer in hospital-based studies among both Asians (recessive model: OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.05-1.31; homozygote model: OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.02-1.39; additive model: OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.02-1.19) and Caucasians (recessive model: OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.01-1.56). This update meta-analysis suggests that OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism may be a risk factor of breast cancer. Nevertheless, large-scale, well-designed and population-based studies are needed to further evaluate gene-environment interaction on Ser326Cys polymorphism and breast cancer risk.
When Arabic speakers read English words

Despite the widespread consensus among researchers that readers whose first language is Arabic frequently experience major difficulties with word recognition when reading in English, there is little research into the strategic behaviour of first language (L1) Arabic readers when encountering unknown vocabulary in texts written in English. This paper reports a study designed to contribute to our understanding of the types of reading strategy employed by L1 Arabic speakers when reading in English and in particular the types of knowledge sources and contextual clues they rely on when encountering unfamiliar English words. The following research questions were addressed: 1. What are the principle lexical processing strategies employed by Arabic-speaking university students when encountering unfamiliar vocabulary in academic English texts? 2. To what extent does the employment of these lexical processing strategies result in successful identification of the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary? A pre-test was conducted to provide a measure of the participants’ overall reading proficiency and to ensure the unfamiliarity of the target words. Subsequently, individual reading tasks with concurrent think-aloud sessions were conducted to enable the identification of lexical processing strategies. Two main findings emerged: first, the participants in this study made use of three strategies when dealing with unfamiliar vocabulary; second, these strategies were frequently employed in a noticeably ineffective manner and, in consequence, many of the participants’ attempts at inferencing were conspicuously unsuccessful. The pedagogical implications of these findings are briefly discussed.
Mortality Risk Factors in Preterm Infants Treated with High-Frequency Jet Ventilation

BACKGROUND: High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) has been used in conjunction with conventional ventilation for premature infants with respiratory failure. We sought to identify parameters that were associated with mortality in subjects who underwent HFJV. METHODS: Subjects were enrolled if birthweight was ≤ 2,000 g and they were ≤ 34 weeks gestational age. Subjects were excluded if they received HFJV at the time of admission because we aimed to study subjects who failed conventional ventilation. Subject demographics, ventilator parameters, and laboratory data were extracted and analyzed. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess differences in continuous variables, and the chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used for categorical variables between the groups. To assess variables that were predictive of mortality, we used both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Independent predictors of mortality were identified and used to create a multivariate risk score. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the multivariate risk score. RESULTS: A total of 53 premature subjects (n = 37 male) were studied, of whom 39 (74%) survived to discharge or transfer back to referring hospital. In the univariate model, female sex, older gestational age, higher birthweight, HFJV peak inspiratory pressure at 1 h, and oxygen saturation index at 4 h were associated with mortality. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, female sex (odds ratio 4.1, 95% CI 1.2–19.8, P = .044), closed ductus arteriosus (odds ratio 7.7, 95% CI 1.3–39.5, P = .016), and oxygen saturation index > 5.5 (odds ratio 6.0, 95% CI 1.5–28.3, P = .02) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: We identified that oxygen saturation index > 5.5 after 4 h of HFJV, female sex, and closed ductus arteriosus were independent predictors of mortality.
Self-identity as a component of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting physical activity

This study aimed to investigate the role of self-identity, defined as salient and enduring aspects of one’s self-perception (Sparks, 2000), in relation to adolescent physical activity (PA) intentions within the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). School students aged 12 to 18 from two cultural groups (Estonia and Spain) completed measures of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, self-identity, and intentions for PA. Four weeks later participants completed self-reported measures of PA. A structural equation model showed that self-identity had a direct effect on PA intention (β = .33, p < .01) and PA behaviour (β = .31, p < .01). The model accounted for 45% of the variance of PA behaviour from which 4% can be attributed to self-identity. The effect of self-identity on PA was also partially mediated via intention. The multi-group comparison between two cultural groups indicated that no invariances existed between the models of the observed samples.
Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children;The Influence of Green Vegetables, Beef, Whole Milk and Butter

Background: Immunological mechanism and dietary nutrients are important mediators in the health of children. In this intervention study a dietary advice is given to children between 1 and 6 years of age with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Could a change in nutrient intake result in an altered clinical outcome? Design: In this prospective cohort study 61 children were included and evaluated at a paediatric outpatient clinic. The control group consisted of 32 children included at an infant welfare centre. The patient group followed the dietary advice (green vegetables, beef, whole milk, full-fat butter) for three months, in which parents filled out their dietary intake and health status on a daily basis. A follow up form was filled out by the parents 3 months after completion of the study period. For statistical analysis the programme SPSS version 15.0 was used. Results: In the patient group there was a statistical significant reduction in days with a respiratory infection (15.7 to 11.5 days a month), subfebrile temperature days (1.9 to 0.5 days a month) and febrile temperature days (1.0 to 0.7 days a month) compared to the control group. Also, antibiotic use decreased significantly. No significant changes were measured in body mass index. Conclusions: A change of diet towards green vegetables, beef, whole milk and full-fat butter has positive health effects in children. This diet may work by adding nutrients to optimize immunological mechanisms. There were no adverse effects and it can be utilized by general pediatricians and general practitioners.
Substantia Nigra Volumetry with 3-T MRI in De Novo and Advanced Parkinson Disease.

Background Magnetization transfer-prepared T1-weighted MRI can depict a hyperintense subregion of the substantia nigra involved in the degeneration process of Parkinson disease. Purpose To evaluate quantitative measurement of substantia nigra volume by using MRI to support clinical diagnosis and staging of Parkinson disease. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, a high-spatial-resolution magnetization transfer-prepared T1-weighted volumetric sequence was performed with a 3-T MRI machine between January 2014 and October 2015 for participants with de novo Parkinson disease, advanced Parkinson disease, and healthy control participants. A reproducible semiautomatic quantification analysis method that entailed mesencephalic intensity as an internal reference was used for hyperintense substantia nigra volumetry normalized to intracranial volume. A general linear model with age and sex as covariates was used to compare the three groups. Results Eighty participants were evaluated: 20 healthy control participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 56 years ± 11; 11 women), 29 participants with de novo Parkinson disease (64 years ± 10; 19 men), and 31 participants with advanced Parkinson disease (60 years ± 9; 16 women). Volumetric measurement of hyperintense substantia nigra from magnetization transfer-prepared T1-weighted MRI helped differentiate healthy control participants from participants with advanced Parkinson disease (mean difference for ipsilateral side, 64 mm3 ± 14, P < .001; mean difference for contralateral side, 109 mm3 ± 14, P < .001) and helped distinguish healthy control participants from participants with de novo Parkinson disease (mean difference for ipsilateral side, 45 mm3 ± 15, P < .01; mean difference for contralateral side, 66 mm3 ± 15, P < .001) and participants with de novo Parkinson disease from those with advanced Parkinson disease (mean difference for ipsilateral side, 20 mm3 ± 13, P = .40; mean difference for contralateral side, 43 mm3 ± 13, P = .004). Conclusion Magnetization transfer-prepared T1-weighted MRI volumetry of the substantia nigra helped differentiate the stages of Parkinson disease. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Hypertension increases expression of growth factors and MHC II in chronic allograft nephropathy.

BACKGROUND Hypertension of the recipient is strongly associated with chronic allograft nephropathy. It is unclear, however, whether hypertension is the cause or the consequence of chronic allograft nephropathy. METHODS The present study was performed in the Fisher to Lewis rat kidney transplant model. Transplanted rats (N = eight in each group) received either no treatment or were made hypertensive by administration of deoxycorticosteron acetate (DOCA) and salt. Proteinuria and systolic blood pressure was measured monthly, grafts were harvested at 3 and 6 months for semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and for immunohistology. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure was markedly elevated in rats receiving DOCA/salt. Allografts of hypertensive animals contained significantly more cells expressing the proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared to isografts and to allografts from normotensive animals (P < 0.05). Histologic staining and mRNA expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II was markedly increased in allografts of hypertensive animals compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Expression of mRNA for platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and collagen was higher in allografts than in isografts and was highest in hypertensive animals. CONCLUSION We conclude that hypertension augments the expression of growth factors in the allograft possibly aggravating the intimal hyperplasia observed in chronic allograft nephropathy. By increasing the expression of MHC II antigens, hypertension may render the allograft more susceptible to alloantigen-dependent damage. Hypertension and alloantigen-dependent factors appear to exert additive or synergistic effects on inflammatory pathways leading to graft injury.