Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Problems of Protection of Urban Areas from Radionuclides Strontium-90 and Caesium-137 after Technological Disasters

The methods of decontamination of radionuclides from soils are considered. The literature focuses on fixing radionuclides in soils and creating geochemical barriers that it is prevent the spread of pollution. The main disadvantage of these methods is excluding the possibility of building a territory. It is needed to clean up the area to the sanitary and hygienic requirements for further use and then it is desirable to fix the residual activity. The conducted analysis of forms of radionuclides fixation in soils and mechanics of this fixation, therewith revealed that Cs-137 fixed more strongly on mineral components of soil, than Sr-90, which is mainly in the acid-soluble and exchangeable form, and, as a consequence, passes into the liquid phase during soil deactivation more easily. Contaminated soil deactivation in the urbanized territory is possible by washing it by ferric chloride solution at a concentration 0.02–0.05 M and with an equimolar addition of an ammonium chloride. Therewith, most efficient methods, which use in-situ conditions, are heap and convection leaching technologies with treatment degree, which is not less than 80%. At the same time, the most efficient methods which use in-situ conditions are heap and the convection leaching. The hardware-technological scheme of a convection leaching is presented. It is worth to note that ammonium salts additions slightly rise coefficient of treatment from Sr-90. Because ammonium salts are inexpensive, their additions allow to obtain significant economic benefits due to decreasing ferric chloride consumption, which is more valuable, and waste water volume reduction.
Stories and the Promotion of Social Cognition

Engaging with fictional stories and the characters within them might help us better understand our real-world peers. Because stories are about characters and their interactions, understanding stories might help us to exercise our social cognitive abilities. Correlational studies with children and adults, experimental research, and neuropsychological investigations have all helped develop our understanding of how stories relate to social cognition. However, there remain a number of limitations to the current evidence, some puzzling results, and several unanswered questions that should inspire future research. This review traces multiple lines of evidence tying stories to social cognition and raises numerous critical questions for the field.
Arctic sea ice and atmospheric circulation under the GeoMIP G 1 scenario

We analyze simulated sea ice changes in eight different Earth System Models that have conducted experiment G1 of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). The simulated response of balancing abrupt quadrupling of CO2 (abrupt4xCO2) with reduced shortwave radiation successfully moderates annually averaged Arctic temperature rise to about 1°C, with modest changes in seasonal sea ice cycle compared with the preindustrial control simulations (piControl). Changes in summer and autumn sea ice extent are spatially correlated with temperature patterns but much less in winter and spring seasons. However, there are changes of ±20% in sea ice concentration in all seasons, and these will induce changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. In summer and autumn, the models consistently simulate less sea ice relative to preindustrial simulations in the Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas, and some models show increased sea ice in the Barents/Kara Seas region. Sea ice extent increases in the Greenland Sea, particularly in winter and spring and is to some extent associated with changed sea ice drift. Decreased sea ice cover in winter and spring in the Barents Sea is associated with increased cyclonic activity entering this area under G1. In comparison, the abrupt4xCO2 experiment shows almost total sea ice loss in September and strong correlation with regional temperatures in all seasons consistent with open ocean conditions. The tropospheric circulation displays a Pacific North America pattern-like anomaly with negative phase in G1-piControl and positive phase under abrupt4xCO2-piControl.
Physiological and biochemical traits as tools to screen sensitive and resistant varieties of tomatoes exposed to salt stress

The present study was conducted to evaluate salt tolerance in seven different pure-line cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) viz. K-21, Pusa Ruby, Pusa Gorav, Hera research, Selection N5, PKM-1 and S-22 based on several physiological and biochemical traits. Seedlings were transplanted to the pots, being exposed to different salinity levels in the form of NaCl (0, 50, 100, or 150 mM) at a 35-day stage of growth for six days. The plants exposed to salt stress presented a significant decline in growth, photosynthetic parameters, maximum quantum yield of PSII and leaf water relations, which were drastically reduced in variety S-22, while variety K-21 was the least affected. Electrolyte leakage was superior in proportion to an increase in salinity levels. Proline content and activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were found maximum in variety K-21. Almost all the growth and physiological and biochemical traits had a significant genotypic variation, indicating that these parameters could be used as novel screening criteria for selecting the tolerant and sensitive cultivars exposed to salt stress.
Rapid Last Glacial Maximum deglaciation in the Indian Himalaya coeval with midlatitude glaciers: New insights from 10Be‐dating of ice‐polished bedrock surfaces in the Chandra Valley, NW Himalaya

Despite a large number of dated glacial landforms in the Himalaya, the ice extent during the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from 19 to 23 ka is only known to first order. New cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages from well‐preserved glacially polished surfaces, combined with published data, and an improved production rate scaling model allow reconstruction of the LGM ice extent and subsequent deglaciation in the Chandra Valley of NW India. We show that a >1000 m thick valley glacier retreated >150 km within a few thousand years after the onset of LGM deglaciation. By comparing the recession of the Chandra Valley Glacier and other Himalayan glaciers with those of Northern and Southern Hemisphere glaciers, we demonstrate that post‐LGM deglaciation was similar and nearly finished prior to the Bølling/Allerød interstadial. Our study supports the view that many Himalayan glaciers advanced during the LGM, likely in response to global variations in temperature.
Science Teachers and Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Scientific Epistemological Beliefs and Opinions on the Nature of Science

Fen bilimleri ogretmenlerinin ve fen bilgisi ogretmen adaylarinin epistemolojik inanclari ve bilimin dogasina dair goruslerini belirlemek icin yapilan bu arastirmanin calisma grubunu, 236 fen bilgisi ogretmen adayi ve ortaokullarda gorev yapan, 61 fen bilimleri ogretmeni olusturmaktadir. Karma arastirma deseniyle yapilan bu arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak, “BilimselEpistemolojik Inanclar Olcegi” ve “Bilimsel Epistemoloji Uzerine Gorusler Anketi” kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda, “Bilimsel Epistemolojik Inanc Olcegi” nden elde edilen bulgulara gore fen bilimleri ogretmenlerinin ve ogretmen adaylarinin geleneksel bilim anlayisina sahip olduklari ve fen bilimleri ogretmenleri ile fen bilgisi ogretmen adaylarinin bilimsel epistemolojik inanclari arasinda anlamli bir farkin olmadigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. “Bilimsel Epistemoloji Uzerine Gorusler Anketi” nden elde edilen bulgulara gore ise, her iki grubun da “bilimsel bilginin kaynagi, bilimsel teoriler ve kanunlar” ozelliklerine yonelik pozitivist paradigmaya dayanan geleneksel bilim anlayisina, “bilimsel bilginin degisebilirligi, bilimsel bilginin dogasinin deney ve gozlemlerden elde edilen kanitlara dayali olmasi, gozlemler, cikarimlar ve bilimde teorik basliklar, bilimsel bilginin yaratici dogasi, oznellik ve bilimsel bilginin sosyal ve kulturel yapisi” ozelliklerine yonelik ise, post-pozitivist paradigmaya dayanan geleneksel olmayan (cagdas) bilim anlayisina sahip olduklari tespit edilmistir.
Seasonal dynamics of terrestrial vertebrate abundance between Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests

The flood pulse is the main factor structuring and differentiating the ecological communities of Amazonian unflooded (terra firme) and seasonally-flooded (várzea) forests as they require unique adaptations to survive the prolonged annual floods. Therefore, várzea and terra firme forests hammer out a spatio-temporal mosaic of resource availability, which may result in landscape scale seasonal movements of terrestrial vertebrates between adjacent forest types. Yet the lateral movements of terrestrial vertebrates between hydrologically distinct neighbouring forest types exhibiting staggered resource availability remains poorly understood, despite the important implications of this spatial dynamic for the ecology and conservation of forest wildlife. We examined the hypothesis of terrestrial fauna seasonal movements between two adjacent forest types at two contiguous sustainable-use forest reserves in Western Brazilian Amazonia. We used camera trapping data on the overall species richness, composition, and abundance of nine major vertebrate trophic guilds to infer on terrestrial vertebrate movements as a function of seasonal changes in floodplain water level. Species richness differed in neighboring terra firme forests between the high-and low-water phases of the flood pulse and terra firme forests were more species rich than várzea forests. There were clear differences in species composition between both forest types and seasons. Generalized Linear Models showed that water level was the main factor explaining aggregate abundance of all species and three trophic guilds. Our results indicate that the persistence of viable populations of large terrestrial vertebrates adjacent to major Amazonian rivers requires large, well-connected forest landscapes encompassing different forest types to ensure large-scale lateral movements by forest wildlife.
Comparison of Online and Traditional Face-to-Face In-Service Training Practices: An Experimental Study

Bu arastirmanin amaci ogretmenlere yonelik yuz yuze ve cevrimici uzaktan egitim yontemiyle verilecek bir hizmet ici egitim surecini gerceklestirmek ve bu egitimin etkisini bilgisayar okuryazarligi boyutunda degerlendirmektir. Arastirma bir kamu ortaokulunda gorev yapan 43 ogretmen uzerinde yurutulmustur. Arastirma on test-son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desene gore yurutulmus olup, nicel ve nitel veri toplama teknikleri birlikte kullanilmistir. Katilimcilarin bilgisayar okuryazarlik duzeyleri basari testi kullanilarak, cevrimici egitimlere iliskin gorusleri ise yapilandirilmis gorusme formu ile degerlendirilmistir. Arastirmadan elde edilen bulgular uygulamanin ardindan deney ve kontrol grubunun bilgisayar okuryazarligi duzeyleri arasinda anlamli bir farkliligin olusmadigini gostermektedir. Ogretmenler gerceklestirilen cevrimici egitime iliskin esnek ogrenme ortami saglamasi ve egitmen-ogrenen etkilesimini azaltmamasindan dolayi olumlu geribildirimlerde bulunmuslardir. Ote yandan katilimci sayisinin fazla olmasi ve yeterince uygulama yapma imkâni olmamasini bir dezavantaj olarak bildirmislerdir.
Biomarkers and fluctuating asymmetry as indicators of pollution-induced stress in two hole-nesting passerines

Summary 1. The stress caused by air pollutants was studied at biochemical, morphological and ecological levels in the Pied Flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca , and Great Tit, Parus major , nestlings in 10 study sites along the pollution gradient of a copper smelter. 2. First, stress was measured using four biomarkers from blood and liver: ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase (EROD) enzyme, haemoglobin, stress protein Hsp70 and deltaaminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-d) enzyme. Second, the amount of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the length of the 3rd primary and the outermost rectrix (in P. major ) and the length and thickness of the tarsus were measured. These stress indicators were further examined in relation to the breeding performance of birds, i.e. the ecological response. 3. EROD activity was increased in F. hypoleuca nestlings near the pollution source. In P. major , it was not related to the pollution gradient but correlated well with the proportion of starved nestlings, i.e. the nutritional stress during the nestling period. The variations in haemoglobin, Hsp70 and ALA-d enzyme activity were not sig nificantly related to pollution gradient. 4. The tarsus length of F. hypoleuca nestlings and primary length of P. major nestlings showed increased asymmetry in the vicinity of the pollution source. Breeding success decreased towards the pollution source in both species. 5. In F. hypoleuca , the pollution-related stress was verified at all three target levels. In P. major , pollution-related effects were found at morphological and ecological levels but not at the biochemical level, which suggests that direct toxic effect of heavy metals was not the main mechanism in this species.
Decisions . . . Decisions . . . How to Source Plant Material for Native Plant Restoration Projects

Decisions . Decisions . How to Source Plant Material for Native Plant Restoration Projects Brook Herman (corresponding author: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District, Chicago, IL 60604, Brook.d.herman@usace.army.mil), Stephen Packard (Audubon Chicago Region, Evanston, IL), Cathy Pollack (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chicago Ecological Services Field Office, Barrington, Illinois), Gregory Houseal (Tallgrass Prairie Center, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA), Shawn Sinn (Conservation Land Stewardship, Inc, Elmhurst, IL), Chip O’Leary (Forest Preserves of Cook County, River Forest, IL), Jeremie Fant (Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL), Abigail Derby Lewis (The Field Museum, Chicago, IL), Stuart Wagenius (Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL), Danny Gustafson (The Citadel, Charleston, SC), Kristina Hufford (University of Wyoming, Department of Ecosystem Science & Management, Laramie, WY), Bob Allison (Cardno JFNew, Walkerton, IN), Kelsay Shaw (Possibility Place Nursery, Monee, Illinois), Steve Haines (Prairie Moon Nursery, Winona, MN) and Corrine Daniels (Applied Ecological Services, Inc., Brodhead, WI).
Trees, bialgebras and intrinsic numerical algorithms

Preliminary work about intrinsic numerical integrators evolving on groups is described. Fix a finite dimensional Lie group G; let g denote its Lie algebra, and let Y(sub 1),. ,Y(sub N) denote a basis of g. A class of numerical algorithms is presented that approximate solutions to differential equations evolving on G of the form: dot-x(t) = F(x(t)), x(0) = p is an element of G. The algorithms depend upon constants c(sub i) and c(sub ij), for i = 1,. ,k and j is less than i. The algorithms have the property that if the algorithm starts on the group, then it remains on the group. In addition, they also have the property that if G is the abelian group R(N), then the algorithm becomes the classical Runge-Kutta algorithm. The Cayley algebra generated by labeled, ordered trees is used to generate the equations that the coefficients c(sub i) and c(sub ij) must satisfy in order for the algorithm to yield an rth order numerical integrator and to analyze the resulting algorithms.
Peanut leaf area index , light interception , radiation use efficiency , and harvest index at three sites in Texas

Stability of parameters describing crop growth of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is important because of the diversity of climatic conditions in which peanuts are grown and is valuable when developing simulation models for this species. In contrast, variability in the same parameters is desirable for plant breeders working to develop improved cultivars. This study seeks to quantify key parameters for biomass and yield production of some common peanut cultivars at three sites in Texas. We measured leaf area index (LAI), light extinction coefficient (k) for Beer’s law, and harvest index (HI) for four cultivars at Stephenville, TX and one cultivar near Gustine, TX, and for LAI and biomass on four cultivars at Seminole, TX. Mean radiation use efficiency (RUE) values were 1.98 g MJ 1 at Stephenville, 1.92 at Gustine, and 2.02 at Seminole. Highest RUE values were for the LowEnergy Precise Application (LEPA) irrigation treatment at Seminole. Maximum LAI values ranged from 5.6 to 7.0 at Stephenville, from 5.0 to 6.2 at Seminole, and was 5.3 at Gustine. Mean k values ranged from 0.60 to 0.64 at Stephenville and was 0.77 at Gustine. The overall mean HI was 0.36, with a mean of 0.33 for Stephenville, 0.44 for Gustine, 0.53 for spray irrigation at Seminole, and 0.58 for LEPA irrigation at Seminole. Values of RUE, k, and HI for the cultivars in this study and similarities between this study and values reported in the literature will aid modelers simulating peanut development and yield and aid breeders in identifying key traits critical to peanut grain yield improvement. Published by Elsevier B.V. Abbreviations: FIPAR, fraction of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by plants; GROWTH, plant growth rate, g per plant per day; HI, harvest index; IPAR, photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by plants, MJ per plant per day; k, light extinction coefficient for Beers Law; LAI, leaf area index; LEPA, low-energy precise application; PAR, photosynthetically active radiation, MJ m 2 per day. * Corresponding author. E-mail address: jkiniry@spa.ars. usda.gov (J.R. Kiniry). 0378-4290/$ – see front matter. Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.fcr. 2004.07.021
Typically Diverse: The Nature of Urban Agriculture in South Australia

In our visions of the future, urban agriculture has long been considered an integral part of the ‘sustainable city’. Yet urban agriculture is an incredibly diverse and variable field of study, and many practical aspects remain overlooked and understudied. This paper explores the economic sustainability of urban agriculture by focusing on the physical, practical, and economic aspects of home food gardens in South Australia. New data from the Edible Gardens project online survey is presented on a broad range of current garden setups, including a figure illustrating the statistically typical South Australian food garden. The differences between the survey data and a recent optimized garden model further highlight the gap in knowledge regarding existing home food gardens. With regard to the financial accessibility and economic sustainability of home food gardens, there is also still much more work to be done. Although saving money is a top motivation, with many survey respondents believing that they do succeed in saving money, it remains to be seen whether their current gardening practices support this aspiration. Measurement of the full costs of different gardens would allow for better predictions of whether growing food can save household’s money and under what circumstances.
Phylogeography of the lacertid lizard, Psammodromus algirus, in Iberia and across the Strait of Gibraltar

Aim To determine genetic substructuring within the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus. To compare levels of variation across a geological barrier, the Strait of Gibraltar, and to compare this against the known age of the barrier using a molecular clock hypothesis. To compare the effect of the barrier within this species with previously published data from other organisms.
The effect of schools on school leavers’ university participation

ABSTRACT This paper considers the role that schools have in determining whether school leavers participate in higher education or not. It examines the association between schools and university participation using a unique dataset of 3 cohorts of all young people leaving maintained schools in Wales. School “effects” are identified, even after controlling for individual-level factors, such as their prior attainment, socioeconomic circumstances, ethnicity, and special educational needs. Schools appear to have a particular “effect” on the likelihood that a young person enters an elite university. However, the findings suggest the concept of a school “effect” on higher education participation is not straightforward – schools appear to have different levels of effectiveness depending on the gender of the young people and the nature of their higher education participation. These findings are considered within the policy contexts of school effectiveness and widening access to higher education.
Parental Time of Returning Home From Work and Child Mental Health Among First-Year Primary School Students in Japan: Result From A-CHILD Study

Introduction: Child mental health is known to be influenced by parental work hours. Although literature suggests that parent-child interaction mediates the association, few studies have directly measured the parental time of returning home from work. We analyzed data from a school-based survey to examine the association between parental time of returning home from work and child mental health. Methods: We used a sample of 2,987 first-year primary school students derived from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study that examined the impact of family environment and lifestyle on child health in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. We analyzed the associations between reported parental time of returning home and the continuous Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores using multivariable regression modeling. Results: Children whose parents both returned home late (later than 6 p.m. for the mother and later than 8 p.m. for the father), or at irregular times, had higher scores in total difficulties (β = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.55 to 1.85), the “conduct problems” subscale (β = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.60), and the hyperactivity/inattention subscale (β = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.82) compared with children whose parents both returned home earlier. Mediation analyses indicated that the percentage of the total association between parental time of returning home and the SDQ scores, which was mediated by parent-child interaction, was 20% (95% CI: 10 to 46) for total difficulties, 17% (95% CI: 7 to 49) for conduct problems, and 23% (95% CI: 11 to 52) for hyperactivity/inattention. Conclusions: Late or irregular returning home times for both parents had an adverse effect on child mental health, and the relationship was partly mediated by reduced frequency of parent-child interaction.
The use of colour Doppler imaging to determine the effects of administration of butorphanol, medetomidine and ketamine on indices of feline ocular impedance

Doppler impedance indices, such as the resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), are commonly used to characterise resistance to the flow in the vascular system. Chemical restraint can potentially affect these indices, although in some patients such restraint is necessary before ultrasonographic examination. The objective of this study was to compare ocular vascular velocity parameters, measured using Doppler imaging, in healthy conscious cats and in cats after administration of a combination of anaesthetics (butorphanol, medetomidine and ketamine). Twelve healthy cats of different breeds and both sexes were studied using Doppler imaging. The long posterior ciliary arteries in both eyes were examined. Mean comparison tests (paired and unpaired t-test) were used to determine whether any significant differences existed between right and left ocular indices and between sexes. A correlation study was applied between RI, PI and body weight. There were no significant differences in RI and PI between left and right eyes. Values also did not significantly differ among males and females. The RI and PI in long posterior ciliary arteries of cats anaesthetised with butorphanol, medetomidine and ketamine were significantly lower than those of healthy conscious cats. There was no correlation between impedance indices and body weight.