Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Effectiveness of a Short-Term Vertical Jump vs. Weightlifting Program on Athletic Power Development

Abstract Teo, SYM, Newton, MJ, Newton, RU, Dempsey, AR, and Fairchild, TJ. Comparing the effectiveness of a short-term vertical jump vs. weightlifting program on athletic power development. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2741–2748, 2016—Efficient training of neuromuscular power and the translation of this power to sport-specific tasks is a key objective in the preparation of athletes involved in team-based sports. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in center of mass (COM) neuromuscular power and performance of sport-specific tasks after short-term (6-week) training adopting either Olympic-style weightlifting (WL) exercises or vertical jump (VJ) exercises. Twenty-six recreationally active men (18–30 years; height: 178.7 ± 8.3 cm; mass: 78.6 ± 12.2 kg) were randomly allocated to either a WL or VJ training group and performance during the countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), depth jump (DJ), 20-m sprint, and the 5-0-5 agility test–assessed pre and posttraining. Despite the WL group demonstrating larger increases in peak power output during the CMJ (WL group: 10% increase, d = 0.701; VJ group: 5.78% increase, d = 0.328) and SJ (WL group: 12.73% increase, d = 0.854; VJ group: 7.27% increase, d = 0.382), no significant between-group differences were observed in any outcome measure studied. There was a significant main effect of time observed for the 3 VJs (CMJ, SJ, and DJ), 0- to 5-m and 0- to 20-m sprint times, and the 5-0-5 agility test time, which were all shown to improve after the training (all main effects of time p < 0.01). Irrespective of the training approach adopted by coaches or athletes, addition of either WL or VJ training for development of power can improve performance in tasks associated with team-based sports, even in athletes with limited preseason training periods.
An Exponential Tail Bound for Lq Stable Learning Rules. Application to k-Folds Cross-Validation

We consider a priori generalization bounds developed in terms of cross-validation estimates and the stability of learners. In particular, we ﬁrst derive an exponential Efron-Stein type tail inequality for the concentration of a general function of n independent random variables. Next, under some reasonable notion of stability, we use this exponential tail bound to analyze the concentration of the k -fold cross-validation (KFCV) estimate around the true risk of a hypothesis generated by a general learning rule. While the accumulated literature has often attributed this concentration to the bias and variance of the estimator, our bound attributes this concentration to the stability of the learning rule and the number of folds k . This insight raises valid concerns related to the practical use of KFCV, and suggests research directions to obtain reliable empirical estimates of the actual risk.
Induction of specific T‐cell responses in HIV infection

Objectives: To induce recovery of HIV-1-specific immune responses by combining immunization with antiviral chemotherapy. Design: Forty HIV-infected patients entered a double-blind study with recombinant gp160 in combination with zidovudine or placebo. The pretreatment observation period was around 2 years and the treatment period 5 years. Eighty matched HIV-infected patients served as controls. Methods: Immune status was monitored by proliferation assays with HIV-specific antigens, mitogens and recall antigens. Viral load, CD4 cell counts, apoptosis, T-cell clonal analysis and CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)-5 status were determined. Results: All immunized patients showed a strong and HIV-specific T-cell proliferative response. This response was related to the immunizations, and was not enhanced by the zidovudine monochemotherapy given during the first 6 months of the immunizations. The treatments did not significantly alter viral load. Potent antiviral combination therapy given to non-immunized individuals reduced their viral load but did not influence HIV-specific immune responses. There was a trend for an increased frequency of non-progression in the immunized group compared with controls. These individuals had both wild-type and mutant CCR-5 genes. Conclusion: The results clearly show that restoration of HIV-specific T-cell immunity occurs after immunization with the HIV gp160 antigen and is not influenced by the addition of antiviral monochemotherapy. Even intensive chemotherapy alone did not restore HIV-specific immunity and immunization alone did not influence viral load. This suggests that combinations of intensive chemotherapy with specific HIV immunization would result both in viral load reduction and improved immune responses to HIV.
The 'Direct Costs'of Livestock Disease: The Development of a System of Models for the Analysis of 30 Endemic Livestock Diseases in Great Britain

The ‘direct costs’attributable to 30 different endemic diseases of farm animals in Great Britain are estimated using a standardised method to construct a simple model for each disease that includes consideration of disease prevention and treatment costs. The models so far developed provide a basis for further analyses including cost-benefit analyses for the economic assessment of disease control options. The approach used reflects the inherent livestock disease information constraints, which limit the application of other economic analytical methods. It is a practical and transparent approach that is relatively easily communicated to veterinary scientists and policy makers. The next step is to develop the approach by incorporating wider economic considerations into the analyses in a way that will demonstrate to policy makers and others the importance of an economic perspective to livestock disease issues.
Objective quality and business performance in service environments: moderating effects of entrepreneurs' knowledge and involvement

This study considers two main research issues: the relationship between objective quality and business performance and the moderating role of an entrepreneur's knowledge (education and experience) and involvement (exclusiveness in professional dedication) in that relationship. A sample of 103 rural tourism entrepreneurs in Spain serves as the study setting. Results indicate the positive influence of an establishment's quality on performance. Moreover, both knowledge and involvement have direct effects on performance, but involvement influences performance to a greater extent and even reaches profits. Positive moderating effects of experience and exclusiveness also emerge, as does an unexpected negative moderating effect of education.
Warfare and Welfare: Military Service, Combat, and Marital Dissolution

This article investigates the impact of military service on the duration of a veteran's first marriage, a topic in the literature with both scant and highly contradictory conclusions. Our sample consisted of 3,800 males from the National Survey of Families and Households (1987-1994). Using hazard rate analysis, we estimate the impact of both combat and noncombat assignments on marital duration. Our statistical results imply: (1) self-reported participation in combat increases the hazard rate for marital dissolution by over 60 percent; (2) time of marriage (whether before, during, or after the war) does not affect dissolution, except for wartime marriages during WWII, where the effect is strong; and (3) the effects of war differ significantly across the major U.S. wars; surprisingly, the strongest negative impact on duration occurs with the neglected Korean War veterans.
Are wolves driving willingness to pay for large carnivores? : Wolves as a symbol for people’s willingness to pay for large carnivore conservation

A successful implementation of a mammalian conservation policy requires knowledge of how people value animals. Little is known about how people value large carnivores. The discussion is therefore dominated by people's perception of wolves. In a mail survey (65% response rate) we asked persons residing in areas with populations of wolves, bears, lynx, and wolverines whether they were willing to pay to reach the national conservation goals for those species. We compared 69 Swedish counties with a representative national sample of Swedes living outside the areas with large carnivores. We found that the behavioral intention willingness to pay (WTP) was negatively related to the presence of wolves, to the urban profile, and to opposition against the European Union Monetary Union. We encourage future studies to compare national surveys with local samples in controversial issues to discover conflicting views among national, regional, and local natural resource management stakeholders.
A General Model Of Traveler Destination Choice

Substantial evidence exists to support the proposition that consumer perceptions and preferences should be the basis for tourism marketing and consumerpolicy. Some of this evidence is reviewed, and a general model of traveler destination awareness and choice is presented. Results of an empirical test of the model provide some supportfor the hypotheses presented in the model.
Active immunization with complementary peptide PBM 9‐1: preliminary evidence that it modulates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in PL/J mice and Lewis rats

The idiotype (Id) of T cells and possibly antibodies are involved in an Id network that may immunoregulate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Thus, the adoptive EAE in PL/J mice responding to myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide acetyl 1–9 can be modulated by monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti‐Id generated by immunization with a peptide of inverted hydropathy to MBP peptide 1–9, designated as PBM 9‐1. A cross‐reactive Id between species can be recognized on the T cell receptor (TCR) of Vb8.2 restricted T cells in either PL/J mice or Lewis rats. The present study was undertaken to examine the vaccine effect of PBM 9‐1 presented in the form of a multiple antigen peptide (MAP) to induce active immunity against active EAE in Lewis rats and active or adoptive EAE in PL/J mice. MAP‐PBM 9‐1 induced an antibody response in both Lewis rats and PL/J mice, but more in the former. A low level of anti‐Id antibody, including a low level of reactivity with specific but not control T cells, was also detected in the sera collected before induction of or after recovery from EAE. Active immunization with MAP‐PBM 9‐1 had a protective effect on relapses of adoptive EAE in PL/J mice and could prevent active EAE in Lewis rats. A relationship was noted between the titer of serum anti‐PBM 9‐1 Ab and the protective effect of active immunization in Lewis rats. Although the mechanism of effect remains to be clarified, these results suggest that MAP‐PBM 9‐1 is a nonencephalitogenic candidate for protection against inflammatory demyelination. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Structural and biochemical analysis of mammalian methionine sulfoxide reductase B2

Methionine sulfoxide reductases are antioxidant enzymes that repair oxidatively damaged methionine residues in proteins. Mammals have three members of the methionine‐R‐sulfoxide reductase family, including cytosolic MsrB1, mitochondrial MsrB2, and endoplasmic reticulum MsrB3. Here, we report the solution structure of reduced Mus musculus MsrB2 using high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. MsrB2 is a β‐strand rich globular protein consisting of eight antiparallel β‐strands and three N‐terminal α‐helical segments. The latter secondary structure elements represent the main structural difference between mammalian MsrB2 and MsrB1. Structural comparison of mammalian and bacterial MsrB structures indicates that the general topology of this MsrB family is maintained and that MsrB2 more resembles bacterial MsrBs than MsrB1. Structural and biochemical analysis supports the catalytic mechanism of MsrB2 that, in contrast to MsrB1, does not involve a resolving cysteine (Cys). pH dependence of catalytically relevant residues in MsrB2 was accessed by NMR spectroscopy and the pKa of the catalytic Cys162 was determined to be 8.3. In addition, the pH‐dependence of MsrB2 activity showed a maximum at pH 9.0, suggesting that deprotonation of the catalytic Cys is a critical step for the reaction. Further mobility analysis showed a well‐structured N‐terminal region, which contrasted with the high flexibility of this region in MsrB1. Our study highlights important structural and functional aspects of mammalian MsrB2 and provides a unifying picture for structure‐function relationships within the MsrB protein family. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[The relationship between oral habits and malocclusion in preschool children].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the way oral habits and speech problems affect dental occlusion in preschool children. METHODS A random sample of 2,139 boys and girls aged 3-5 years old was evaluated. The children were enrolled in private and state institutions in the city of Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil. The cross-sectional study was developed in two steps: occlusion assessment, and a questionnaire about their social and economic status. The occlusal anatomical-functional characteristics assessment was done according to Angle classification. Additionally, overjet, overbite, crowding, anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, and anterior crossbite were evaluated. A sub-sample of 618 children filled out the questionnaire. The prevalence of malocclusion and some variables of exposure were tested by bivariate analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of malocclusion was 51.3% for boys and 56.9% for girls. There was no difference related to gender. In regard to age, there was a higher prevalence of malocclusion in the 3 year-old group, which decreased significantly with age (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among the environmental factors evaluated, the habit of sucking a pacifier was the most important in the association with malocclusion (OR=5.46) followed by the habit of sucking fingers (OR=1.54). Speech problems did not show any influence in malocclusion occurrence.
Glucose Metabolism and Catecholamine Responses during Physical Exercise in Non-Insulin - Dependent Diabetes

Blood glucose, lactate, insulin, C-peptide, norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations were determined in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and in healthy controls before, during and after moderate exercise, to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on glucoregulation. Ten diabetic and ten healthy control females bicycled 14 minutes at 60% of their maximal heart rates. In the diabetic patients, there were no significant changes in blood glucose levels post-exercise, while in controls the 60 minute post-exercise levels were higher than those measured in mid-exercise (p < 0.05). Lactate concentrations increased with exercise in both groups in a similar manner, with highest values at the end of exercise. No significant changes in insulin and C-peptide levels were induced with exercise in either group. Norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations increased 2.5-3 fold with exercise in both groups (p < 0.05 for all values) but in the diabetics an earlier and prolonged catecholamine response was observed. We propose that catecholamines prevent hypoglycaemia during exercise when changes in insulin and C-peptide do not occur. In diabetic patients with good metabolic control, the glucoregulatory response to exercise is not worse than in anthropometrically similar controls with similar levels of fitness.
Retinal vascular caliber and the development of hypertension: a meta-analysis of individual participant data

Objective: Microvascular dysfunction has been suggested to be a major pathogenic factor for the development of hypertension. We examined the association between retinal vascular caliber, a marker of systemic microvascular dysfunction, and incident hypertension on a meta-analysis of individual participant data. Methods: We performed a systematic review with relevant studies identified through a search of electronic databases, a review of reference lists, and correspondence with experts. Studies were included if participants were selected from a general population, retinal vascular caliber was measured from photographs using computer-assisted methods at baseline, and individuals were followed up to ascertain the incidence of hypertension. Prespecified individual recorded data from six population-based prospective cohort studies were included. Discrete time proportional odds models were constructed for each study with adjustment for hypertension risk factors. Log odds ratios (ORs) per 20-&mgr;m difference were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Among 10 229 participants without prevalent hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease, 2599 developed new-onset hypertension during median follow-up periods ranging from 2.9 to 10 years. Both narrower retinal arterioles [pooled multivariate-adjusted OR per 20-&mgr;m difference 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–1.39] and wider venules (OR per 20-&mgr;m difference 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23) were associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Each 20 &mgr;m narrower arterioles at baseline were associated with a 1.12 mmHg (95% CI 0.25–1.99) greater increase in SBP over 5 years. Conclusions: Retinal arteriolar narrowing and venular widening were independently associated with an increased risk of hypertension. These findings underscore the importance of microvascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
A Defense of the Common Morality

Phenomena of moral conflict and disagreement have led writers in ethics to two antithetical conclusions: Either valid moral distinctions hold universally or they hold relative to a particular and contingent moral framework, and so cannot be applied with universal validly. Responding to three articles in this issue of the Journal that criticize his previously published views on the common morality, the author maintains that one can consistently deny universality to some justified moral norms and claim universality for others. Universality is located in the common morality and nonuniversality in other parts of the moral life, called "particular moralities. " The existence of universal moral standards is defended in terms of: (1) a theory of the objectives of morality, (2) an account of the norms that achieve those objectives, and (3) an account of normative justification (both pragmatic and coherentist).
Election News Coverage in Democratic Corporatist Countries: A Comparative Study of Sweden and Norway

The study of political communication and election research has been closely intertwined ever since the end of the Second World War. However, there is still a troubling lack of comparative research with regard to election news coverage in different countries. Thus, the purpose of this article is to compare election news coverage in Sweden and Norway. More specifically, this study focuses on the use of different frames, such as game versus issue framing, episodic versus thematic framing, the journalistic style and the origins of the news stories in the two countries. As Sweden and Norway are very similar, and both belong to the democratic corporatist model of media and politics, this study follows the most similar systems design. Thus, the main hypothesis is that similar political and media systems will produce similar news coverage. The results, however, show that although the election news coverage was rather similar in Swedish and Norwegian newspapers, some significant differences were found. The article discusses these results using the concepts of structural and contextual biases.
Do Financial Frictions Matter as a Source of Misallocation? Evidence from Japan

We evaluate the role of borrowing constraints in misallocation overall using a rich plant-level dataset of manufacturers in Japan. We first measure plant-level distortions and estimate the hypothetical TFP gains and plantsize distributions that would be achieved if all plant-level distortions were removed. Then we develop a dynamic general equilibrium model incorporating borrowing constraints, parameterize it using plant-level information, and estimate the hypothetical TFP gains and plant-size distributions that would be realized if borrowing constraints were removed. Comparing the modelbased counterfactual experiments with the measured misallocation overall, we find that borrowing constraints are a significant, but not a major source of misallocation overall in the manufacturing sector in Japan.
Detecting the Dangerous, Violent or Criminal Patient: An analysis of referrals to maximum security psychiatric care

Britain's high security hospitals provide care for mentally disordered patients who have dangerous, violent or criminal propensities. The State Hospital, Carstairs, takes referrals from the population of Scotland and Northern Ireland. This retrospective case-control study describes the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of referrals (n=149) to the State Hospital during a 12-month period, and delineates differences between admitted (n=57) and rejected (n=92) patients. The referrals had an average age of 31.1 years, and were mostly male (86.6%), single (64.4%) and unemployed (90.6%). Admitted patients were more likely to have a criminal history, to be psychotic, to have a family history of mental disorder and to be viewed by the assessor as having psychotic beliefs which contributed to the behaviour or alleged offence leading to the referral. Rejected patients were more likely to have been remanded to prison or assessed by specialist registrars. Patients admitted to high security psychiatric care are more likely to show dangerous behaviour secondary to psychosis. These findings are in keeping with the requirements of mental health legislation and the admissions policy.
Application of Theory of Constraints in an integrated poultry industry

Theory of Constraints developed by E. M. Goldratt was initially applied to production scheduling and later to various areas such as Operations, Finance and Measures, Project Management, Marketing, Sales, Managing People, Strategy and Tactics. However, these applications were in engineering industries and products. The Strategic Thinking Processes of Theory of Constraints are designed to help combat an enormous problem faced by organizations--the tendency of organizations and their management to study, construct and implement solutions in isolation. In this case study, we applied the Theory of Constraints' Strategic Thinking Process in one of the leading integrated poultry businesses in India to identify and overcome the policy constraints in the business. After overcoming the policy constraints, overwhelming improvements in throughput and Inventories were observed.
Information Technology and the U.S. Economy

Автор предлагаемой статьи Дейл Йоргенсон является одним из наиболее значимых современных экономистов. Его блестящие работы в различных областях экономики принесли ему заслуженное уважение коллег во всем мире. В своей стране профессор Д. Йоргенсон избирался председателем Американского эконометрического общества в 1987 г. В настоящее время он является президентом Американской экономической ассоциации. Значителен вклад профессора Д. Йоргенсона в воспитание молодых экономистов в знаменитых университетах: Беркли с 1959 по 1969 гг. и с 1969 г. - в Гарварде. Профессор Д. Йоргенсон любезно предоставил "Экономическому журналу ВШЭ" право опубликовать свое ежегодное обращение к членам Американской экономической ассоциации от 6 января 2001 г. Одновременно с "Экономическим журналом ВШЭ" это обращение будет напечатано в "American Economic Review" (Vol. 91, N 1, р. 1-32). Во время предстоящего визита в ГУ-ВШЭ, в середине мая 2001 г. , профессор Д. Йоргенсон выступит с открытой лекцией, тема которой развивает содержание данной публикации.