Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluctuations of the number of excursion sets of planar Gaussian fields

The number of connected components of the excursion set above a level $\ell$ (or level set at $\ell$) of a smooth planar Gaussian field in the ball of radius $R$ is known to have mean of order $R^2$ for any $\ell$. We show that for certain fields with positive spectral density near the origin (including the Bargmann-Fock field), and for certain values of $\ell$, these random variables have fluctuations of order at least $R$, and hence, variance of order at least $R^2$. In particular this holds for excursion sets when $\ell$ is in some neighbourhood of zero, and it holds for excursion/level sets when $|\ell|$ is sufficiently large. We prove stronger fluctuation lower bounds of order $R^\alpha$, $\alpha \in [1,2]$, in the case that the spectral density has a singularity at the origin. Finally we show that the number of excursion/level sets for the random plane wave at certain levels has fluctuations of order at least $R^{3/2}$ and hence variance of order at least~$R^3$. We expect that these bounds are of the correct order, at least for generic levels.
Asymptotic analysis of a tumor growth model with fractional operators

In this paper, we study a system of three evolutionary operator equations involving fractional powers of selfadjoint, monotone, unbounded, linear operators having compact resolvents. This system constitutes a generalized and relaxed version of a phase field system of Cahn–Hilliard type modelling tumor growth that has originally been proposed in Hawkins-Daarud et al. (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Biomed. Eng. 28 (2012), 3–24). The original phase field system and certain relaxed versions thereof have been studied in recent papers co-authored by the present authors and E. Rocca. The model consists of a Cahn–Hilliard equation for the tumor cell fraction φ, coupled to a reaction–diffusion equation for a function S representing the nutrient-rich extracellular water volume fraction. Effects due to fluid motion are neglected. Motivated by the possibility that the diffusional regimes governing the evolution of the different constituents of the model may be of different (e.g., fractional) type, the present authors studied in a recent note a generalization of the systems investigated in the abovementioned works. Under rather general assumptions, well-posedness and regularity results have been shown. In particular, by writing the equation governing the evolution of the chemical potential in the form of a general variational inequality, also singular or nonsmooth contributions of logarithmic or of double obstacle type to the energy density could be admitted. In this note, we perform an asymptotic analysis of the governing system as two (small) relaxation parameters approach zero separately and simultaneously. Corresponding well-posedness and regularity results are established for the respective cases; in particular, we give a detailed discussion which assumptions on the admissible nonlinearities have to be postulated in each of the occurring cases.
A stochastic Gronwall lemma and well-posedness of path-dependent SDEs driven by martingale noise

We show existence and uniqueness of solutions of stochastic path-dependent differential equations driven by cadlag martingale noise under joint local monotonicity and coercivity assumptions on the coefficients with a bound in terms of the supremum norm. In this set-up, the usual proof using the ordinary Gronwall lemma together with the Burkholder-Davis-Gundy inequality seems impossible. In order to solve this problem, we prove a new and quite general stochastic Gronwall lemma for cadlag martingales using Lenglart's inequality.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of turbulent separation bubbles

The spatio-temporal dynamics of separation bubbles induced to form in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer (with Reynolds number based on momentum thickness of the boundary layer of 490) over a flat plate is studied via direct numerical simulations. Two different separation bubbles are examined: one induced by a suction–blowing velocity profile on the top boundary and the other by a suction-only velocity profile. The latter condition allows reattachment to occur without an externally imposed favourable pressure gradient and leads to a separation bubble more representative of those occurring over airfoils and in diffusers. The suction-only separation bubble exhibits a range of clearly distinguishable modes, including a high-frequency mode and a low-frequency ‘breathing’ mode that has been observed in some previous experiments. The high-frequency mode is well characterized by classical frequency scalings for a plane mixing layer and is associated with the formation and shedding of spanwise-oriented vortex rollers. The topology associated with the low-frequency motion is revealed by applying dynamic mode decomposition to the data from the simulations and is shown to be dominated by highly elongated structures in the streamwise direction. The possibility of Görtler instability induced by the streamwise curvature on the upstream end of the separation bubble as the underlying mechanism for these structures and the associated low frequency is explored.
A General Common Spatial Patterns for EEG Analysis With Applications to Vigilance Detection

Vigilance or sustained attention is an important aspect for people who engaged in long time attention demanding tasks such as monotonous monitoring and driving. Vigilance detection has been an important topic in the field of brain-computer interface (BCI) research. However, the study is limited due to the low SNR (Signal-Noise Ratio) nature of EEG. Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a one of the most effective algorithms for feature extraction method in the BCI study area. The CSP seeks for an optimal projection direction (spatial filter) by maximizing the variance of one class and simultaneously minimizing the variance of the other class. There is one drawbacks exists in the traditional CSP, that is, the CSP is proposed relies on the assumption that data in each class follow the Gaussian distribution. However, this assumption is not always true for EEG data in practice, especially in the research of vigilance detection based EEG (e.g. during sleep). Thus, traditional CSP suffers performance degradation in case of non-Gaussian distributions. In this paper, we extend the traditional CSP to the general version and proposed nonparametric CSP (NCSP) algorithms which do not explicitly rely on the assumption of the underlying class Gaussian distribution and we then develop a new efficient algorithm based on matrix deflation to solve the proposed NCSP algorithm and its extensions-nonparametric multi-class CSP (NMCSP). Experimental results on EEG-based vigilance estimation and motor imagery recognition task demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed algorithms.
Psychosocial Stress Induces Schizophrenia-Like Behavior in Mice With Reduced MMP-9 Activity

Understanding gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia remains a major research challenge. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been previously implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In the present study, adolescent Mmp-9 heterozygous mice, with a genetically lower level of MMP-9, were subjected to resident-intruder psychosocial stress for 3 weeks and then examined in behavioral tests that evaluated cognitive deficits and positive- and negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia. Cognitive and positive symptoms in unstressed Mmp-9 heterozygous mice were unaffected by stress exposure, whereas negative symptoms were manifested only after stress exposure. Interestingly, negative symptoms were ameliorated by treatment with the antipsychotic drug clozapine. We describe a novel gene × environment interaction mouse model of schizophrenia. Lower MMP-9 levels in the brain might be a risk factor for schizophrenia that, in combination with environmental factors (e.g., psychosocial stress), may evoke schizophrenia-like symptoms that are sensitive to antipsychotic treatment.
Entity Disambiguation Leveraging Multi-Perspective Attention

Entity disambiguation aims to map mentions in text to the corresponding entities in a knowledge base, which is a basic task in natural language processing (NLP). The major challenge in entity disambiguation is how to extract key imformation in mention context and entity description that is discriminative for disambiguation. State-of-the-art entity disambiguation systems apply attention mechanism to identify the imformative components, but most of the methods only focus on mention context, and neglect entity side. Besides, attention mechanism is employed in a single aspect, which may not be effective in difficult circumstances. In this work, we propose a neural network with multi-perspective attention to enrich the representation of mentions and entities in different perspectives. Specifically, we utilize intra-attention to aggregate internal pivotal information in mention context and entity description separately, and utilize inter-attention to interact their latent semantics in multiple directions and highlight the interrelated information, so as to capture more informative features and improve the disambiguation performance. The experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art entity disambiguation models and attain more improvements on hard datasets, which validates the effectiveness and superiority of our model, especially in complex situations.
Research Methodology in Strategy and Management Emerald Book Chapter: Toward Research-Practice Balancing in Management: The Yin-Yang Method for Open-Ended and Open-Minded Research

Purpose – The author introduces the Eastern philosophy of wisdom, especially its epistemology of Yin-Yang Balancing as the Eastern cognitive frame, to shed light on the debates over the distinction and integration between research and practice as well as between qualitative and quantitative methods so as to solve the problems of relevance-rigor gap as well as complexity-simplicity gap. The author also applies the frame of Yin-Yang Balancing to the development of a novel method of case study. Methodology/Approach – This is a conceptual article. Central theme – The Eastern philosophy of wisdom is better at an openminded exploration of open-ended issues by emphasizing relevance and complexity, while the Western philosophy of science is better at a closedminded exploitation of close-ended issues by emphasizing rigor and West Meets East: Building Theoretical Bridges Research Methodology in Strategy and Management, Volume 8, 91–141 Copyright r 2012 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1479-8387/doi:10.1108/S1479-8387(2012)0000008007
Analysis of a localised nonlinear ensemble Kalman Bucy filter with complete and accurate observations

Concurrent observation technologies have made high-precision real-time data available in large quantities. Data assimilation (DA) is concerned with how to combine this data with physical models to produce accurate predictions. For spatial–temporal models, the ensemble Kalman filter with proper localisation techniques is considered to be a state-of-the-art DA methodology. This article proposes and investigates a localised ensemble Kalman Bucy filter for nonlinear models with short-range interactions. We derive dimension-independent and component-wise error bounds and show the long time path-wise error only has logarithmic dependence on the time range. The theoretical results are verified through some simple numerical tests.
Exploration Deficits Under Ecological Conditions as a Marker of Apathy in Frontotemporal Dementia

Apathy is one of the six clinical criteria for the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and it is almost universal in this disease. Although its consequences in everyday life are debilitating, its underlying mechanisms are poorly known, its assessment is biased by subjectivity and its care management is very limited. In this context, we have developed “ECOCAPTURE,” a method aimed at providing quantifiable and objective signature(s) of apathy in order to assess it and identify its precise underlying mechanisms. ECOCAPTURE consists of the observation and recording of the patient's behavior when the participant is being submitted to a multiple-phase scenario reproducing a brief real-life situation. It is performed in a functional exploration platform transformed into a fully furnished waiting room equipped with a video and sensor-based data acquisition system. This multimodal method allowed video-based behavior analyses according to predefined behavioral categories (exploration behavior, sustained activities or inactivity) and actigraphy analyses from a 3D accelerometer. The data obtained were also correlated with behavioral/cognitive tests and scales assessing global cognitive efficiency, apathy, cognitive disinhibition, frontal syndrome, depression and anxiety. Here, bvFTD patients (n = 14) were compared to healthy participants (n = 14) during the very first minutes of the scenario, when the participants discovered the room and were encouraged to explore it. We showed that, in the context of facing a new environment, healthy participants first explored it and then engaged in sustained activities. By contrast, bvFTD patients were mostly inactive and eventually explored this new place, but in a more irregular and less efficient mode than normal subjects. This exploration deficit was correlated with apathy, disinhibition and cognitive and behavioral dysexecutive syndromes. These findings led us to discuss the presumed underlying mechanisms responsible for the exploration deficit (an inability to self-initiate actions, to integrate reward valuation and to inhibit involuntary behavior). Altogether, these results pave the way for simple and objective assessment of behavioral changes that represents a critical step for the evaluation of disease progression and efficacy of treatment in bvFTD.
DoPa: A Comprehensive CNN Detection Methodology against Physical Adversarial Attacks

Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) demonstrate a considerable vulnerability to adversarial attacks, which can be easily misled by adversarial perturbations. With more aggressive methods proposed, adversarial attacks can be also applied to the physical world, causing practical issues to various CNN powered applications. To secure CNNs, adversarial attack detection is considered as the most critical approach. However, most existing works focus on superficial patterns and merely search a particular method to differentiate the adversarial inputs and natural inputs, ignoring the analysis of CNN inner vulnerability. Therefore, they can only target to specific physical adversarial attacks, lacking expected versatility to different attacks. To address this issue, we propose DoPa -- a comprehensive CNN detection methodology for various physical adversarial attacks. By interpreting the CNN's vulnerability, we find that non-semantic adversarial perturbations can activate CNN with significantly abnormal activations and even overwhelm other semantic input patterns' activations. Therefore, we add a self-verification stage to analyze the semantics of distinguished activation patterns, which improves the CNN recognition process. We apply such a detection methodology into both image and audio CNN recognition scenarios. Experiments show that DoPa can achieve an average rate of 90% success for image attack detection and 92% success for audio attack detection. Announcement:[The original DoPa draft on arXiv was modified and submitted to a conference already, while this short abstract was submitted only for a presentation at the KDD 2019 AIoT Workshop. ]
Dark Triad traits within the framework of the Circumplex Model of Personality

The present study attempts to locate the Dark Triad traits within the space of the Circumplex Model of Personality Metatraits. The study was conducted on a sample of 339 adolescents (48.2% females) in Poland, which were administered the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits Questionnaire and two measures of the Dark Triad traits, the Short Dark Triad (Jones & Paulhus, 2014) and the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (Back et al., 2013). We hypothesized that psychopathy and Machiavellianism will be located near Alpha-Minus (Disinhibition), while narcissism will be located near Delta-Minus (Sensation Seeking). Moreover, we expected that the two narcissistic strategies of narcissistic admiration and rivalry will be located near Beta-Plus (Plasticity) and Alpha-Minus respectively. The hypotheses were tested using the Structural Summary Method, of which the results mostly corroborated our expectations. The overlap of Machiavellianism and psychopathy, as well as narcissism’s place in the Dark Triad are discussed.
Assessment andManagement of Patients at Risk for Suicide : Synopsis of the 2019

Description: In May 2019, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) approved an update to the 2013 joint clinical practice guideline for assessing and managing patients who are at risk for suicide. This guideline provides health care providers with a framework by which to screen for, evaluate, treat, and manage the individual needs and preferences of VA and DoD patients who may be at risk for suicide.
ADIPONECTIN, VITAMIN D AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED COLORECTAL CANCER OR DURING FOLLOW-UP.

BACKGROUND Considering the high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) related deaths, many studies have investigated variables that can affect survival, with the aim of prolonging survival. The nutritional status can also be predict survival in patients with CRC. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate if BMI, %FAT, PhA, PG-SGA, adiponectin levels, and vitamin D levels are relevant to the characterization and differentiation of patients with advanced CRC and patients with a history of CRC. METHODS The study was carried out by patients with advanced colorectal cancer (Group 1) and patients in follow-up after colorectal cancer treatment (Group 2). Nutritional status was assessed using the body mass index, body fat percentage, phase angle from bioelectrical impedance, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment score. Adiponectin concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and vitamin D levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Groups 1 and 2 consisted of 23 and 27 patients, respectively. The body mass index, body fat percentage, phase angle, vitamin D and adiponectin levels were not significantly different between the groups. The mean Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment score was significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2, and was significantly correlated with the long-term mortality risk. CONCLUSION Among the nutritional status parameters, only the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment score was significantly different between the groups and was an important predictor of survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
The malnutrition in polytrauma patients (MaPP) study: Research protocol

Background: Polytrauma patients are at risk of considerable harm from malnutrition due to the metabolic response to trauma. However, there is little knowledge of (the risk of) malnutrition and its consequences in these patients. Recognition of sub-optimally nourished polytrauma patients and their nutritional needs is crucial to prevent complications and optimize their clinical outcomes. Aim: The primary objective is to investigate whether polytrauma patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who have or develop malnutrition have a higher complication rate than patients who are and remain well nourished. Secondary objectives are to determine the prevalence of pre-existent and in-hospital acquired malnutrition in these patients, to assess the association between malnutrition and long-term outcomes, and to determine the association between serum biomarkers (albumin and pre-albumin) and malnutrition. Methods: This international observational prospective cohort study will be performed at three Level-1 trauma centers in the United States and two Level-1 centers in the Netherlands. Adult polytrauma patients (Injury Severity Score ≥16) admitted to the ICU of one of the participating centers directly from the Emergency Department are eligible for inclusion. Nutritional status and risk of malnutrition will be assessed using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) scale and Nutritional Risk in Critically Ill (NUTRIC) score, respectively. Nutritional intake, biomarkers and complications will be collected daily. Patients will be followed up to one year after discharge for long-term outcomes. Conclusions: This international prospective cohort study aims to gain more insight into the effect and consequences of malnutrition in polytrauma patients admitted to the ICU.
A Systematic Review of the Orthopaedic Literature Involving National Football League Players

Background: Orthopaedic injuries of National Football League (NFL) players can have a deleterious effect on their health, with minimal to no high-level evidence on the management of these injuries. Purpose: To summarize all data published between January 1980 and March 2018 on orthopaedic injuries experienced by NFL candidates and professional players in the NFL. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A literature search of studies examining orthopaedic injuries in the NFL was performed through the PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases. The review included studies of orthopaedic injuries in college football recruits attending the NFL Combine as well as professional NFL players. Excluded were studies of nonorthopaedic injuries, such as concussions, traumatic brain injury, facial injuries, and vascular injuries, as well as case reports. Results: A total of 147 articles met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 11 topics based on anatomic site: general (16%), spine (13%), shoulder (13%), elbow (3%), hand and wrist (3%), trunk (0.7%), hip and pelvis (7%), thigh (3%), knee (24%), ankle (5%), and foot (12%). Of these studies, 74% were of level 4 evidence. Most studies obtained data from the NFL Combine database (26%), by searching the internet (24%), and via the NFL Injury Surveillance System (22%). Studies using internet search methods to identify injuries consistently found fewer participants than studies using the NFL Injury Surveillance System. Conclusion: This systematic review provides National Collegiate Athletic Association and NFL team physicians with a single source of the most current literature regarding orthopaedic injuries in NFL players. Most research was published on knee, spine, shoulder, and foot injuries and consisted of level 4 evidence. A substantial portion of the published literature was based on data obtained from internet searches and may not accurately represent the NFL population.
Computational Modeling Of Referential Choice : Major And Minor Referential Options

The choice between different types of referential expressions, such as definite descriptions, proper names and pronouns, depends on a large number of factors acting simultaneously. In this study the role and the significance of these factors is modeled with the help of different algorithms of machine learning. The work is based on the specially designed RefRhet corpus with anaphora annotation. The paper focuses on predicting major referential options (such as the-NPs and pronouns) and minor options (such as demonstrative NPs).