Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gifting, ridding and the “everyday mundane”: the role of class and privilege in food waste generation in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Current research on household food waste has not considered the impact of the inter-class power dynamics between employers and domestic helpers on food waste management and generation in the Global South. This article focuses on the issue of food justice and will demonstrate that it is important to reconsider household food practices within the framework of unequal power dynamics in household units – especially between employers and their domestic helpers. Informed by food waste regime conceptual framework, this paper will examine the complex food provisioning practices of Indonesian households. The research draws on 21 in-depth interviews with households of varying incomes, multiple site visits, participant observation and going along on grocery trips to better understand the power dynamics and practices that result in, or prevent the generation of household food waste. In addition, 12 key informant interviews with government officials, traditional food vendors, supermarket managers, and a waste collector was also conducted. In an Indonesian context, understanding the interclass dynamics of the household, namely, who gets to define what is “food” and what is “waste” is key to understanding the broader phenomenon of food waste in order to promote solutions to food waste prevention and food insecurity that is socially and environmentally just.
Substance Use and Abuse among Deviant and Non-Deviant Adolescents in Israel

The study examined the hypothesis that the use of psychoactive substances is strongly associated with social deviance. Patterns of alcohol and drug use among two samples of deviant adolescents were investigated and compared to patterns of use among a sample of non-deviant youths. The participants were as follows: ninety-seven juvenile delinquents, inmates in institutions, aged twelve through eighteen; 184 detached youth, aged twelve through eighteen, who are in treatment programs of the Departments of Youth Advancement, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Welfare; and a nationwide representative sample of 8151 high school students, aged twelve through eighteen. Substance use was measured by three self-report indices: frequency of use during the last year, use during the last month, and use during the last week. The results clearly indicate that psychoactive substance use is concentrated among Israeli groups of deviant adolescents. These adolescents use all types of substances, licit as well as illicit, at rates considerably exceeding those found among high school students. However, a great similarity was found between the deviant groups of adolescents and the high school students in several personality correlates (sensation seeking, anxiety, depressive mood and learned resourcefulness) of substance use, and to a much lesser degree in its interpersonal correlates (perceived closeness to parents and to peers). The results' implications for prevention are discussed.
Enrolment in primary care networks: impact on outcomes and processes of care for patients with diabetes

Background: Primary care networks are a newer model of primary care that focuses on improved access to care and the use of multidisciplinary teams for patients with chronic disease. We sought to determine the association between enrolment in primary care networks and the care and outcomes of patients with diabetes. Methods: We used administrative health care data to study the care and outcomes of patients with incident and prevalent diabetes separately. For patients with prevalent diabetes, we compared those whose care was managed by physicians who were or were not in a primary care network using propensity score matching. For patients with incident diabetes, we studied a cohort before and after primary care networks were established. Each cohort was further divided based on whether or not patients were cared for by physicians enrolled in a network. Our primary outcome was admissions to hospital or visits to emergency departments for ambulatory care sensitive conditions specific to diabetes. Results: Compared with patients whose prevalent diabetes is managed outside of primary care networks, patients in primary care networks had a lower rate of diabetes-specific ambulatory care sensitive conditions (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75 to 0.87), were more likely to see an ophthalmologist or optometrist (risk ratio 1.19, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.21) and had better glycemic control (adjusted mean difference −0.067, 95% CI −0.081 to −0.052). Interpretation: Patients whose diabetes was managed in primary care networks received better care and had better clinical outcomes than patients whose condition was not managed in a network, although the differences were very small.
Three essays on financial market integration and political convergence in North America

This thesis studies financial market integration in North America. Our main objective is to shed light on potential economic, political and financial factors that could influence financial market integration. In particular, we focus on the impact of political parties and political convergence as well as the differences in asset pricing anomalies on financial market integration. Moreover, we pair the study of financial market integration with adequate empirical frameworks that take into account the possible limitations of the underlying theoretical models. This thesis contains three essays, each using a different empirical approach conformable to the underlying research questions as well as the models adopted for our analysis. In the first essay, we test financial market integration controlling for political convergence (i.e. the ideological closeness) of North American political parties using two international market factor models, Moreover, we introduce an inverted Hotelling statistic in order to account for the identification problems created by the model nonlinearity. Using data for the 1950-2004 period, we find that controlling for American political parties and the Republican-Liberal combination impacts financial market integration. We also find that North American markets are integrated, but that their degree of integration varies with the incumbent parties and political convergence. The second essay tests financial market integration using an arbitrage pricing theory (APT) framework paired with a cross sectional empirical analysis. The risk factors considered are the three Fama and French factors augmented with momentum for Canada and the United States as well as their international counterparts. We study integration on two groups of assets: domestic Fama and French portfolios and Canadian interlisted stocks matched with an American counterpart. Also, we test several hypotheses of integration in order to document the degree of financial
High levels of transcription stimulate transversions at GC base pairs in yeast

High‐levels of transcription through a gene stimulate spontaneous mutation rate, a phenomenon termed transcription‐associated mutation (TAM). While transcriptional effects on specific mutation classes have been identified using forward mutation and frameshift‐reversion assays, little is yet known about transcription‐associated base substitutions in yeast. To address this issue, we developed a new base substitution reversion assay (the lys2‐TAG allele). We report a 22‐fold increase in overall reversion rate in the high‐ relative to the low‐transcription strain (from 2.1‐ to 47‐ × 10−9). While all detectable base substitution types increased in the high‐transcription strain, G→T and G→C transversions increased disproportionately by 58‐ and 52‐fold, respectively. To assess a potential role of DNA damage in the TAM events, we measured mutation rates and spectra in individual strains defective in the repair of specific DNA lesions or null for the error‐prone translesion DNA polymerase zeta (Pol zeta). Results exclude a role of 8‐oxoGuanine, general oxidative damage, or apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in the generation of TAM G→T and G→C transversions. In contrast, the TAM transversions at GC base pairs depend on Pol zeta for occurrence implicating DNA damage, other than oxidative lesions or AP sites, in the TAM mechanism. Results further indicate that transcription‐dependent G→T transversions in yeast differ mechanistically from equivalent events in E. coli reported by others. Given their occurrences in repair‐proficient cells, transcription‐associated G→T and G→C events represent a novel type of transcription‐associated mutagenesis in normal cells with potentially important implications for evolution and genetic disease. Mol. Mutagen. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prescriptions Written for Opioid Pain Medication in the Veterans Health Administration Between 2000 and 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify national opioid pain medication (OPM) prescribing trends within the Veterans Health Administration (VA), and assess the impact of educational campaigns introduced in 2010 and 2013. Methods: We created a national cohort that documents more than 21 million patient records and 97 million outpatient OPM prescriptions covering a 17-year period. We examined OPM prescriptions in emergency departments, outpatient clinics, and inpatient settings. Results: The cohort accounted for 2.5 billion outpatient clinic visits, 18.9 million emergency department visits, and 12.4 million hospital admissions. The number of OPM prescriptions peaked in 2011, when they were provided during 5% of all outpatient visits and 15% of all emergency department visits. The morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) peaked in 2014 at almost 17 billion in outpatient clinics and at 137 million in emergency departments. In 2016, OPM prescriptions were down 37% in outpatient clinics and 23% in emergency departments, and MMEs were down 30% in both settings. Prescriptions for hydrocodone and tramadol increased markedly between 2011 and 2015. OPM doses in inpatient settings continued to rise until 2015. Conclusions: We used a large national cohort to study trends in OPM prescriptions within the VA. Educational efforts to reduce the number of OPM prescriptions coincided with these reductions, but were initially associated with an increase in OPM dosage, an increase in the use of tramadol and hydrocodone, and an increase in the use of OPMs in inpatient settings.
The adoption of an electronic health record did not improve A1c values in Type 2 diabetes

Background A major justification for the clinical adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) was the expectation that it would improve the quality of medical care. No longitudinal study has tested this assumption. Objective We used hemoglobin A1c, a recognized clinical quality measure directly related to diabetes outcomes, to assess the effect of EHR use on clinical quality. Methods We performed a five-and-one-half-year multicentre longitudinal retrospective study of the A1c values of 537 type 2 diabetic patients. The same patients had to have been seen on at least three occasions: once approximately six months prior to EHR adoption (before-EHR), once approximately six months after EHR adoption (after-EHR) and once approximately five years after EHR adoption (five-years), for a total of 1,611 notes. Results The overall mean confidence interval (CI) A1c values for the before-EHR, after-EHR and five-years were 7.07 (6.91 – 7.23), 7.33 (7.14 – 7.52) and 7.19 (7.06 – 7.32), respectively. There was a small but significant increase in A1c values between before-EHR and after-EHR, p = . 04; there were no other significant differences. There was a significant decrease in notes missing at least one A1c value, from 42% before-EHR to 16% five-years (p < .001). Conclusion We found that based on patient’s A1c values, EHRs did not improve the clinical quality of diabetic care in six months and five years after EHR adoption. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to directly assess the relationship between the use of an EHR and clinical quality.
Research on the contribution of human capital accumulation to the economic growth in three provinces of Northeast China

Based on the model of Cobb-Douglas production function, this paper measures the contribution rate of human capital accumulation by education (Ce) and higher education (Ch) for the economic growth in three provinces of Northeast China during 1990-2005. The estimation value of Ce for Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning is 11.80%, 10.26% and 10.12% respectively, and Ch is 1.40%, 1.25% and 1.55% respectively. Further analysis result shows that: both Ce and Ch of northeast China are lower than the national level and are far below the level of western countries; although compared with the 1990s, the years of education per capita and the average annual GDP growth rate of northeast region during 2001-2005 has greatly improved, Ce and Ch of three provinces have declined; Ce and Ch is influenced by the some important factors such as the degree of market competition, the correlation between higher education and economy, educational input. So in order to promote the contribution of human capital accumulation to economic growth, the three provinces of Northeast China should focus on these factors to take relevant countermeasures.
Constitutive Activation of JAK1 in Src-transformed Cells*

We have previously found that the ignal ransducer and ctivator of ranscription (Stat) 3 is constitutively activated in cells stably transformed by the v-Src oncoprotein. While activation of Stat proteins has also been observed following epidermal growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor stimulation, Stat3 activation is more commonly associated with signaling through cytokine receptors and activation of the Janus family tyrosine kinases JAK1 or JAK2. We therefore investigated whether JAK1 or JAK2 were activated in Src-transformed cells. In three v-Src-transformed fibroblast cell lines (NIH3T3, Balb/c, and 3Y1), JAK1 displayed increased tyrosyl phosphorylation compared to non-transformed cells. The level of tyrosyl phosphorylation of JAK1 was significantly greater in NIH3T3 cells transformed by expression of v-Src or high levels of a constitutively active mutant of c-Src (Y527F) than in cells overexpressing the less transforming normal c-Src. Enzymatic activity of JAK1 was assessed using autophosphorylation assays. In anti-JAK1 immunoprecipitates from v-Src-transformed NIH3T3 cells, a protein with the same migration as JAK1 showed substantially increased levels of 32P incorporation compared to immunoprecipitates from non-transformed cells. Similar results were obtained using anti-JAK2 immunoprecipitates; however, the level of JAK2 tyrosyl phosphorylation and 32P incorporation in anti-JAK2 immunoprecipitates were markedly lower than in anti-JAK1 immunoprecipitates. We conclude that JAK1, and possibly JAK2, are constitutively activated in Src-transformed cells, raising the possibility that Janus family kinases contribute to the constitutive activation of Stat3 previously observed in these cells and/or other properties of Src-transformed cells.
Affective-motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with autism spectrum disorder.

BACKGROUND It is unclear why children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to be inattentive to, or even avoid eye contact. The goal of this study was to investigate affective-motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with ASD. To this end, we combined two measurements: skin conductance responses (SCR), a robust arousal measure, and asymmetry in frontal electroencephalography (EEG) activity which is associated with motivational approach and avoidance tendencies. We also explored whether degree of eye openness and face familiarity modulated these responses. METHODS Skin conductance responses and frontal EEG activity were recorded from 14 children with ASD and 15 typically developing children whilst they looked at familiar and unfamiliar faces with eyes shut, normally open or wide-open. Stimuli were presented in such a way that they appeared to be looming towards the children. RESULTS In typically developing children, there were no significant differences in SCRs between the different eye conditions, whereas in the ASD group the SCRs were attenuated to faces with closed eyes and increased as a function of the degree of eye openness. In both groups, familiar faces elicited marginally greater SCRs than unfamiliar faces. In typically developing children, normally open eyes elicited greater relative left-sided frontal EEG activity (associated with motivational approach) than shut eyes and wide-open eyes. In the ASD group, there were no significant differences between the gaze conditions in frontal EEG activity. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results replicate previous finding in showing atypical modulation of arousal in response to direct gaze in children with ASD but do not support the assumption that this response is associated with an avoidant motivational tendency. Instead, children with ASD may lack normative approach-related motivational response to eye contact.
Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Features of Lung Adenocarcinomas with AXL Expression

The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. AXL affects several cellular functions, including growth and migration. AXL aberration is reportedly a marker for poor prognosis and treatment resistance in various cancers. In this study, we analyzed clinical, pathological, and molecular features of AXL expression in lung adenocarcinomas (LADs). We examined 161 LAD specimens from patients who underwent pulmonary resections. When AXL protein expression was quantified (0, 1+, 2+, 3+) according to immunohistochemical staining intensity, results were 0: 35%; 1+: 20%; 2+: 37%; and 3+: 7% for the 161 samples. AXL expression status did not correlate with clinical features, including smoking status and pathological stage. However, patients whose specimens showed strong AXL expression (3+) had markedly poorer prognoses than other groups (P = 0.0033). Strong AXL expression was also significantly associated with downregulation of E-cadherin (P = 0.025) and CD44 (P = 0.0010). In addition, 9 of 12 specimens with strong AXL expression had driver gene mutations (6 with EGFR, 2 with KRAS, 1 with ALK). In conclusion, we found that strong AXL expression in surgically resected LADs was a predictor of poor prognosis. LADs with strong AXL expression were characterized by mesenchymal status, higher expression of stem-cell-like markers, and frequent driver gene mutations.
Influence of sweet suppressing agent on gustatory brain evoked potentials generated by taste stimuli.

A measurement system was employed to detect gustatory evoked potentials from human scalp by stimulus of a taste solution with the use of a laser beam device. The evoked potentials for four taste qualities (i.e., sweet-sucrose, salty-sodium chloride, sour-tartaric acid, and bitter-quinine-HCl) were measured before and after treatment with a sweet suppressing agent (i.e., gymnema sylvestre extract) to the tongue of a human. The solution was given to the chorda tympani nerve located 20 mm from the apex of the tongue and 15 mm from the left side of the center line. The maximum potential level and its latency were evaluated. Artificial saliva was used as a control solution. The evoked potentials obtained were averaged by eight evoked potentials to detect the peak of the evoked potential more clearly. The latencies for taste stimuli were found on two kinds of peaks at approximately 50 ms and 180 ms. These peaks are P1 and P2. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of sweet suppressing agent on P1 and P2. The influence of the sweet suppressing agent to evoked potential by salty, sour, and bitter taste stimuli was not recognized, but the responses to sweet (sucrose) were abolished after treatment with a sweet suppressing agent. It was recognized that the peak P2 originated from the taste stimulus. The peak P1 did not suffer the influence of the sweet suppression, so it was considered that the response to P1 was due to sensations other than the gustatory response, such as somatosense.
Reperceiving the Future

The future is an aspect of time and like clock time tends to be taken for granted unquestioned as an experience. There is a tendency for both futurists and management scientists inadvertently to adopt a first-order paradigm. In this article, I introduce a second-order approach in which the presence of the decision maker is acknowledged. In this approach, the phenomenology of time consciousness provides a basis for expanding time into a present moment with richer dimensionality, enlarging linear causality to a set of multiple influences on the present moment, some of which originate in aspects of what we call the future. We need to extend the scope of futures methods by considering the interaction between agency and uncertainty. High agency combined with high uncertainty is not yet well supplied with appropriate methods. In this region, the act of reperception is fundamental; algorithmic decision methods are out of their depth. In this different paradigm of time, anticipatory systems are crucial. Practice needs the capacity to navigate in a constantly shifting landscape that distinguishes three qualities of the future symbolized as three horizons. One is the future as seen from the dominant present situation. The second is a future desirable emergent states. The third is a future that holds the powerful and turbulent dilemmas between the other two and requires the navigation skill of the decision maker as an anticipatory system. At the core of this anticipatory system is a multidimensional future consciousness with the capacity to see into the future through different lenses of awareness in the present moment.
Effects of Dividend Policy on Stock Price Volatility in the Financial Sector

Objectives – This research seeks to identify the relationship between dividend policy and share price volatility. Methodology/Technique – This study uses both regression and correlation analysis, with price volatility, dividend yield, and dividend pay-out ratio as control factors. The study focuses on Malaysian companies for the period between 2001 and 2009. Findings – This research identifies that there is a positive, but not significant, relationship between share price volatility and dividend yield. Novelty – An important implication of this research is that the share price reaction to the earnings announcement is not similar to that of other developed countries. Therefore, the managers may not employ the dividend policy to influence their stock’s risk. The influence of stock price risk through dividends may also be ambiguous due to the inefficient capital market in the financial sector. Type of Paper: Empirical.