Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo approach on femur bone regeneration of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with the use of hydroxyapatite from cuttlefish bone (Sepia spp.) as bone filler

Background: Hydroxyapatite (HA) from bovine bone has been widely used as bone filler in many fractures cases. HA can also be made from cuttlefish bone (Sepia spp.) that has abundant availability in Indonesia and contains 84% CaCO3, which is a basic ingredient of HA. However, research on the effects of HA from cuttlefish bone on bone regeneration parameters has not been done yet. Aim: This study aimed to determine femur bone regeneration of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) through the use of HA from cuttlefish bone (Sepia spp.) as bone filler. Materials and Methods: HA was made using the hydrothermal method by mixing 1M aragonite (CaCO3) from cuttlefish bone and 0.6 M NH4H2PO4 at 200°C for 12 h followed by sintering at 900°C for 1 h. In vivo test was carried out in three groups, including control group, bovine bone-derived HA group, and cuttlefish bone-derived HA group. The generation of femur bone was observed through the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, woven bone, lamellar bone, havers system, and repair bone through anatomical pathology test for 28 days and 56 days. Results: Anatomical pathology test results are showed that administration of bovine bone-derived HA and cuttlefish bone-derived HA increased the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, woven bone, lamellar bone, havers system, and bone repair at recuperation of 56 days. Statistical test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-test was resulted in significant differences between the bovine bone-derived HA control group and the cuttlefish-derived HA control group. There was no significant difference toward the indication of bone formation through the growth of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, woven bone, lamellar bone, havers system, and bone repair in the bovine bone-derived HA and cuttlefish bone-derived HA groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that cuttlefish bone-derived HA has the potential as bone filler based on the characteristics of bone regeneration through in vivo test.
PERCEPTIONS OF FULLY ASYNCHRONOUS WEB- BASED COURSES: MARKETING IMPLICATIONS

While there is a considerable body of literature addressing fully asynchronous online web-based teaching in institutions of higher education, none have delved into perceptions and expectations of online classes among those who have never experienced them first hand, either as students or as full-time faculty. As online courses have become ubiquitous, it has become imperative that academic institutions understand what faculty and students think about them. This study attempts to address this gap in extant literature. The similarities and differences in the perceptions about asynchronous online courses (1) among students and (2) between students and full-time faculty are addressed. Marketing recommendations are provided to increase the number of students who take online classes and to encourage more faculty to teach online.
Higher-fitness yeast genotypes are less robust to deleterious mutations

Genetic background affects variation Robustness, or the effect of mutations on fitness, can affect the evolutionary trajectory of a species. By introducing a large number of deleterious mutations into many different genetic backgrounds of yeast, Johnson et al. found that, for many mutations, the more fit the background, the larger the deleterious effect of the mutation (see the Perspective by Miller). A more-fit lineage is thus less tolerant to deleterious mutations, whereas less-fit lineages can tolerate more mutations. This observation supports a tendency toward diminishing returns for beneficial mutations, which has been shown to influence patterns of adaptation. Science, this issue p. 490; see also p. 418 The degree to which a genome can tolerate mutations is inversely correlated with the fitness of a yeast strain. Natural selection drives populations toward higher fitness, but second-order selection for adaptability and mutational robustness can also influence evolution. In many microbial systems, diminishing-returns epistasis contributes to a tendency for more-fit genotypes to be less adaptable, but no analogous patterns for robustness are known. To understand how robustness varies across genotypes, we measure the fitness effects of hundreds of individual insertion mutations in a panel of yeast strains. We find that more-fit strains are less robust: They have distributions of fitness effects with lower mean and higher variance. These differences arise because many mutations have more strongly deleterious effects in faster-growing strains. This negative correlation between fitness and robustness implies that second-order selection for robustness will tend to conflict with first-order selection for fitness.
IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF NARRATIVE TEXT THROUGH PROJECT-BASED LEARNING FOR GRADE VIII STUDENTS OF SMPN 11 MAGELANG IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2014/2015

The aim of this research was to improve the writing skills of grade VIII students at SMP N 11 Magelang through project-based learning. This research was classified as action research. The main subjects of this research were 31 students of class VIII C at SMP N 11 Magelang. The data obtained were qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data were gained from the observations and the interviews with both the English teacher and the students. The data were transformed into field notes and interview transcripts. Meanwhile, the quantitative data were gained from the writing tests that were conducted before the action implementation and at the end of every cycle. The results of this research showed that the implementation of project-based learning in the English teaching and learning process was able to improve the students’ writing abilities. The students made good improvements in text organization, content, grammar, vocabulary and mechanics. Moreover, the mean of the students’ writing score in the pretest was 47.903 meanwhile that in the post-test was 73.871. The improvement by 25.968 is significant according to the t-test. The standard deviation of the students’ scores in the pretest was 7.82 while that in the post-test was 8.13.
Genetic analysis suggests extensive gene flow within and between catchments in a common and ecologically significant dryland river shrub species; Duma florulenta (Polygonaceae)

Abstract Aim The conservation of plant species biodiversity has been identified as a crucial factor for the resilience of dryland ecosystems in the face of climate change and desertification. Duma florulenta (lignum) is a keystone species that facilitates biodiversity in the floodplains and wetlands of Australia's dryland river systems. This paper explores spatial genetic structure of lignum and investigates factors influencing dispersal and gene flow within and among river catchments of the northern Murray–Darling Basin. Location Northern Murray–Darling Basin, eastern Australia. Methods A total of 122 individual plants from subpopulations located on rivers in four adjacent catchments were genotyped using 10 microsatellite markers. Microsatellite data were then analyzed using population genetic techniques to evaluate levels of gene flow and genetic structure and identify factors influencing dispersal. Results Results suggest high levels of gene flow between lignum subpopulations of the northern Murray–Darling Basin. AMOVA revealed small but significant differences between subpopulations, and STRUCTURE analysis did not detect meaningful structure when sampling information was not provided. However, when sampling information was supplied using the LOCPRIOR model, three genetic clusters were identified. All Lower Balonne subpopulations were assigned to cluster 1 while a number of the other subpopulations showed mixed ancestry. Weak relationships were identified between pairwise genetic distance and geographic as well as river distance, although the R 2 value of the former was only half that of the latter. Main conclusions Patterns of genetic variation suggest frequent long‐distance overland gene flow largely as a result of the movement of seeds via floodwater. Therefore, maintenance of natural variability in flow regime is key both to maintain conditions favorable to recruitment and to promote dispersal and gene flow across the landscape. However, given future climate change projections persistence may be more reliant on the species ability to endure long periods of drought between flood events.
What Do We 'Really' Want to Know about Spatial Visualisation Skills among Engineering Students?

We used two well established tests, the Mental Cutting and Mental Rotation Tests, with a group of 90 1st year engineering students before and after classes in engineering drawing. Our intention was to find out how our students compare with other groups who have taken the same tests, and to assess the impact of our engineering drawing classes. The results were disappointing, in that neither their previous tuition nor our tuition seems to have made a significant difference to the test scores. However, revisiting the literature on these tests raises some questions about what we were measuring and why. Perhaps we should be focusing on a more holistic approach to professional skills in spatial visualisation, and evaluating the development of these skills throughout the full undergraduate degree, rather than thinking in terms of abilities that can be measured by simple tests and improved by a few classes.
A Laboratory Comparison of Clockwise and Counter-Clockwise Rapidly Rotating Shift Schedules, Part III: Effects on Core Body Temperature and Neuroendocrine Measures

Most researchers suggest that shift rotation in a forward or clockwise direction produces less disruption of circadian rhythms than those that rotate in a backward or counter-clockwise direction. This is based upon extrapolation from quasi-experimental studies of shift-workers and research on the effects of jet lag, which indicate that westward travel results in less disruption of circadian rhythms. The effect of direction of rotation on cortisol, melatonin, and core body temperature was examined in participants randomly assigned to either a clockwise or counter-clockwise shift rotation. Twenty-eight participants worked a day shift (0800-1600) for one week followed by either a clockwise (n=14) or counter-clockwise (n=14) shift rotation for two weeks. Participants wore a flexible rectal temperature sensor for the three weeks of the study and were allowed to remove the sensor for 90 minutes each day. Saliva samples were collected at the end of the baseline week for later assay for melatonin and cortisol, and were time-locked to collection times during the two “shiftwork” weeks. No group differences were found for cortisol for either of the workweeks. The clockwise group, however, had a significantly greater increase in melatonin during the early morning shift, compared with the counter-clockwise group. Finally, the analyses of core body temperature revealed a significantly lower amplitude and a delay of the acrophase for the counter-clockwise group during both weeks of testing. While cortisol levels did not appear to differ based on direction of shift rotation, there were inherent differences with melatonin secretion and core body temperature. Precisely why such differences exist remains unclear but may be similar to that seen with circadian resynchronization during westward travel. Furthermore, it is not clear if these differences would persist in individuals exposed to longer periods of shift rotations.
Visualizing and mapping the research on patents in information science and management science

The aim of this work is to present the development of patent-research through the years (1996-2011) from a bibliometrics and scientific visualization approach. Our corpus consists of 1529 original research and review articles obtained from an initial topic search on patents retrieved from the Institute of Scientific Information’s (ISI) Web of Science (WoS) database. CiteSpace II software was used to represent the knowledge domains of country, institution, author co-citation network, journal co-citation network, document co-citation network, and networks of keywords, related with patent-research in the field of information science and management science. Results show that USA is the most productive country in patent-research; Katholieke University Leuven, University of Sussex, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Harvard University are the most productive institutions. Cohen WM is the mostly co-cited author, followed by Jaffe AB, Griliches Z, Hall BH and Narin F. “Research policy” is the most cited journal for published articles on patents research. The visualization of data with the CiteSpace II software revealed intellectual bases and research fronts for the patent-research development in the given time window.
Use of Factor Analysis and XPS to Study Defective Nickel Oxide

The mathematical method of factor analysis has been used to analyze the Ni 2p 3/2 and O 1s photoelectron spectra of a nonstoichiometric nickel oxide sample with a high concentration of Ni 3+ defects. The spectra of these two levels are characterized by main peaks (at 854.6 and 529.6 eV for the Ni 2p 3/2 and O 1s levels) and satellites at ca. 2 eV higher binding energy, whose intensity depends on the degree of nonstoichiometry
WISE design of indoor wireless systems: practical computation and optimization

Designing a low-power system for wireless communication within a building might seem simple. Not so-walls can affect signal strength in ways that are hard to calculate. The paper considers how AT&T's WISE software uses CAD, computational geometry, and optimization to quickly plan where to place base-station transceivers. >
Efficient large-scale computer and network models using optimistic parallel simulation

Modeling and simulation is a valuable tool in the analysis of large-scale networks and computer systems. To tackle these complexities, conservative parallel simulation is often employed as an approach to reduce the runtime. Optimistic simulation has previously been viewed out of the performance envelop for such models. However, with the advent of a new technique called reverse computation the memory requirements for benchmark models have been dramatically reduced. In this thesis, we demonstrate the use of reverse computation for allowing large-scale simulation models to achieve greater scalability and performance. The models developed for this thesis consisted of network protocols and distributed computer system applications. Within these models, reverse computation was important in achieving performance gains and dispelling views that optimistic techniques operate outside of the performance envelope. These are the first real-world models to leverage reverse computation and demonstrate its efficiency. Our TCP model executed at 5.5 million packets per second which is 5.14 times greater then PDNS' packet rate of 1.07 million for the same large-scale network scenario. This experiment was performed across a distributed cluster of 32 nodes and executed on one processor per node. Observations made from the creation of these models led to the development of the reverse memory subsystem and the idea of shared event data. The contribution of this subsystem is that it allows for easier implementation of models and allows for the models to use dynamic memory. This subsystem permits for an overall reduction of memory in simulation models as compared to models that work in statically “pre-allocated” memory. The idea of shared event data works by decreasing the amount of duplicate information in the event. Our experiments with shared event data show significant memory reductions when there is a high degree of redundant data. These contributions when taken together as a whole enable real-world large-scale models to be efficiently developed and executed in an optimistic parallel simulation framework.
The Study of Written Errors of EFL Pre-university Learners

In a second and foreign language setting, all language learners inevitably produce errors when they write or speak the second or foreign language. Therefore, systematic analysis of the errors is very valuable and can provide a useful insight into the processes of the second or foreign language acquisition. Error analysis as a branch of Applied Linguistics is one of the best tools for describing and explaining errors made by speakers of other languages. A test was administered to a group of one hundred Pre-University students enrolled in Bushehr Pre-Universities Schools. This study aims to classify “errors” made by the students at the sentence levels such as: Article, passive and Active and Tenses. The research shows errors committed in the use of Article, Passive and Active forms and Tenses. Finally, this study suggests remedial measures regarding type of errors committed by the Iranian EFL students.
Using Electronic Surveys to Collect Data: Experiences from the Field

This paper presents 3 case studies detailing Web surveys initiated over the past 18 months. Because there is a natural fit between Web surveys and IT research, we recommend that researchers consider Web surveys, especially if the survey population is centered around IT professionals, who can be assumed to have ready access to the Web, and if the researcher utilizes surveys often enough so that the use of this medium is less expensive and less time consuming than paper-based surveys.
Efficient LLR Estimation for Multistage Decoding

Multilevel coding (MLC) provides a low-complexity encoding scheme for lattices obtained via construction D. On the other hand, multistage decoding is also a practical decoding scheme for MLC provided that the underlying error correcting codes are capacity achieving, which requires using a powerful soft decoder for each code. In this article, we propose an approximation of the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) used for the soft decoding of the different error correcting codes employed in the lattice construction. This approximation is based on the von Mises distribution and achieves,with lower complexity, the same error rate performance obtained with the exact LLR calculation.
Establishment of Absolute Stereostructure of Falcarindiol, Algicidal Principle Against Heterocapsa circularisquama from Notopterygii Rhizoma.

Abstract Falcarindiol (1) was isolated as an algicidal principle against the harmful red tide dinoflagellate, Heterocapsa circularisquama, from Notopterygii Rhizoma through bioassay-guided separation. In order to determine the ambiguous absolute structure of this active principle, all three stereoisomers as well as falcarindiol (1) were synthesized. As a result of intensive analysis of their physicochemical properties, the configuration of 1 was revealed to be 3R,8S. On the other hand, (3S,8S)- and (3S,8R)-isomers were found to exhibit more potent algicidal activity than (3R,8S)-falcarindiol (1) isolated from Notopterygii Rhizoma. In addition, the diyne moiety of 1 was established as the crucial structural requirement for algicidal potency.
Doctoral Dissertation

This dissertation is a historical study of a critical period in the history of the synod which is today known as the Evangelical Lutheran Church (formerly, the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America). A brief review of backgrounds in Norway, of the development of the nineteenth century migration from Norway, and of the history of Norwegian-American Lutheranism prior to 1870, introduces the study and helps account for the appearance of the several church bodies discussed. Each of the Norwegian Lutheran synods in existence during the period studied is characterized, and the major problems and developments at the synodical level are presented.
Efficient calculation of reliability and performability of large computer networks

Communication in computer networks utilizes a variety of network connectivity models. The most common connectivity models, discussed in literature, are unicast, multicast and broadcast. In unicast models, a communication from the source s is required to reach a particular target t. For multicast the communication must reach a given group of targets T, while for broadcast the communication must reach every device in the network. In practice, network devices (nodes) and/or communication lines (links) between devices can fail with some probability due to component wear out, design fault, catastrophic events, loss of battery, etc. Thus, the reliability measures of communication networks are important in order to gauge the performance of the network. For some types of network, such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), devices may fail far more frequently than the links between them. Conversely, for networks such as some fixed line networks and radio broadcast networks, communication links can be interrupted far more often than the failure rate of the routing devices. Thus, network reliability measures in the literature consider a network model with fallible devices and fallible links, fallible devices and perfect links, or fallible links and perfect devices. The reliability measures of a network vary, from a simple requirement for connectivity to time performance guarantees. A number of measures have been proposed, including its Reliability (REL), Expected Hop Count (EHC) and Expected Message Delay (EMD). REL gives the probability that the network is connected but ignores any properties of the connecting path. By contrast EHC estimates how many devices the communication must pass through and EMD estimates the delay of the communication. All are important in the design of modern networks. Computing REL has been shown to be NP-Hard, and thus it is unlikely that a truly efficient algorithm can be found (note that both EHC and EMD are at least as hard as REL). A number of algorithms have been proposed in the literature to solve REL and EHC for unicast, multicast and broadcast connectivity models for networks with link only failures, node only failures, or link and node failures. No current solutions exist for EMD; all current solutions that address network delay use assumptions that result in the computation of EHC instead. Further, the reliability measures for a number of other connectivity models (e.g., Global Positioning System (GPS),
Dispatching rules for scheduling in assembly jobshops - Part 2

In this part of the paper, we present the development and evaluation of dispatching rules for scheduling in jobshops manufacturing multi-level assembly jobs with the performance measures reated to tardiness. We present a new definition of 'operation due date' in the context of assembly jobs and use it in the development of dispatching rules. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performances of the existing and the proposed dispatching rules with respect to different measures of tardiness. We also measure their performances with respect to different measures of flowtime and staging delays. The results of the study indicate that the proposed rules perform better than the existing rules.
Indicators of knowledge management capability for KM effectiveness

Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to synthesize and propose the indicators of knowledge management capability (KMC) in different knowledge management (KM) processes to assess KM effectiveness. It also intends to provide useful indicators for those who are interested in the study of KMC to create effective KM, who can utilize the aforementioned indicators as guidelines in the development of empirical definitions by testing them.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a literature review research, through which indicators of KMC for KM effectiveness are synthesized, utilizing related documents, literature and other research studies and the characteristics of which are evaluated by the KM experts as specified in qualitative research.Findings – The results of the research suggest two main aspects of KMC for KM effectiveness: first, a resource‐based perspective, which comprises technology, structure and culture; and second, a knowledge‐based perspective, which comprises expertise, learning and inform.