Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake in Kurdish Women Living in Western Iran, 2014.

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among females across the world. It is a preventable cancer and early detection is very feasible. This study aimed to identify which women characteristics are potentially associated with and may have an important influence on the uptake of cervical cancer screening in Kurdish women living in the west of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in late 2014. A random sample of women aged 40 years and above without history of cervical cancer and identi ed as Kurdish background were selected and interviewed by two trained interviewers. Information about sociodemographic and reproductive factors, history of diseases, and cervical screening was collected using a questionnaire and women who had undergone a hysterectomy were excluded. Univariate analyses were used to describe the general characteristics of the study population. Multivariable logistic regression models with self-reported screening history were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% con dence intervals (CI). Significance was considered at the 5% level. RESULTS A total of 561 women were included in this study (mean age 43.6±5.17 years) participation in cervical screening at least once was about 32%. Cervical screening uptake percentage was significantly lower among people over 60 years of age (adjusted OR= 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.64), and those who were illiterate (OR=0.41 95% CI: 0.23-0.73) and post-menopausal (OR= 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35- 0.91). Women with ≤1 child were less likely to report a Pap test (adjusted OR=.43 95%CI: 0.13-1.37) Cervical screening uptake was higher among women with health insurance (OR= 2.31, 95% CI: 1.50- 3.56). CONCLUSIONS Cervical screening participation in this study was low compared to other studies in developed countries. The screening uptake was different based on age, education, parity, insurance coverage and menopausal status. It is recommended to target these groups of women in a cervical screening program.
Introducing psychosocial and psychiatric concepts to first year medical students using an integrated, biopsychosocial framework.

OBJECTIVE The main objective of the problem-based teaching unit reported in this paper was to introduce psychosocial and psychiatric concepts to first year medical students using an integrated approach. METHOD A total of 131 undergraduate students studied a case of delirium. Students were encouraged to understand the problem from a number of perspectives and approaches. In particular, the patient's view was emphasised. This was partially achieved by employing a standardised patient, who answered students' questions about what it was like to be unwell and hospitalised. Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the teaching project were conducted. RESULTS Overall, the teaching project was well received. However, as an introduction to a complex and unfamiliar area, students were concerned that material was difficult to grasp. CONCLUSIONS As a foundation for future teaching in psychiatry, the case and our methods appear appropriate. However, this initial teaching should be reinforced and expanded upon in all years of the medical curriculum.
Internal Factors Predisposing the Consumer to Be a Multichannel Shopper

Consumer characteristics play an important role in channel choice. Thereby, this work aims to study and analyze which are the internal factors that facilitate the adoption of multichannel purchase by the consumer. To this end, we study consumers’ behavior in an online channel, because of their importance as a shopping channel in a multichannel shopping context. The results of the research show that certain consumer characteristics are important factors that predispose to multichannel shopping.
Asymmetric Information and the Medium of Payment in US Takeover Bids

We investigate whether asymmetric information affects the choice of the medium of payment (pure equity vs. pure cash) in U.S. takeover bids during the 1986-2008 period. To this end, we combine proxies for asymmetric information with proxies for the financial characteristics of both the bidding and the target companies in the pre-bid period. Our novel results indicate that acquirers with a high level of asymmetric information, who are either overvalued or have high growth opportunities, are more likely to make a pure equity offer. Acquirers with the opposite characteristics are more likely to make a pure cash offer. These results are largely consistent with Myers and Majluf’s hypothesis (JFE, 1984). Targets’ asymmetric information does not seem to significantly affect the mode of payment. Also, in line with the existing literature, the probability of a pure equity offer is positively related with the level of the targets’ growth opportunities and/or their overvaluation, while the probability of a pure cash offer is positively related with the profitability and liquidity of the acquirers.
Planning to Make Unplanned Purchases? The Role of In-Store Slack in Budget Deviation

We propose that consumers have mental budgets for grocery trips that are typically composed of both an itemized portion and in-store slack. We conceptualize the itemized portion as the amount that the consumer has allocated to spend on items planned to the brand or product level and the in-store slack as the portion of the mental budget that is not assigned to be spent on any particular product but remains available for in-store decisions. Using a secondary data set and a field study, we find incidence of in-store slack. Moreover, we find support for our framework predicting that the relationship between in-store slack and budget deviation (the amount by which actual spending deviates from the mental trip budget) depends on factors related to desire and willpower. (c) 2010 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
The Impact of the Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards on the Quality of Accounting Information of the Brazilian and European Public Firms

Several factors affect the quality of accounting information, such as characteristics of the firm, practices and procedures adopted in the elaboration of the financial statements, corporative governance system, capital market, regulation, among others. Among these factors, it is noteworthy the influence of the accounting standards about the quality of the numbers reported by the firms. Since 2005, the European companies elaborated their consolidated financial statements according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), while in Brazil, the process of convergence of national accounting standards to IFRS was promoted just after the approval of the Law no 11.638/07, therefore, after that, the Comite de Pronunciamentos Contabeis (CPC) approved various Technical Pronouncements which aimed to facilitate the convergence of Brazilian accounting standards to these international rules. Considering that these international accounting standards have a higher quality, it is expected that the IFRS adoption affect positively accounting information quality. Thus, this research aims to analyze the effect of the IFRS adoption in the earnings quality reported by the Brazilian and European public firms, in the period between 2000 and 2011, considering that previous research did not showed a consensus about this topic. Empirical technical models, such as persistence, conservatism, earnings management and accruals errors, were used to reach the proposed objective. The results showed that the quality of accounting information has not significantly improved comparing the period before and after the adoption of the IFRS in Brazil or Europe.
Power and control in international retail franchising: evidence from theory and practice

Franchising is fast becoming one of the most popular entry mode strategies for international retail companies when moving into international markets. Academic research, however, has only recently begun to examine international franchising within the context of retailer internationalisation. A major gap in the literature is the nature of the international retail franchise relationship and, in particular, the mechanisms used to control and co‐ordinate the international franchise network. This paper reports the findings from an in‐depth, ethnographic study of the internationalisation activity of one retail franchise company and examines the extent to which the marketing channels and agency theory literatures can, in practice, explain power and control in international retail franchising.
Proximate, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral composition of raw and cooked camel (Camelus dromedarius) meat

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to study the effects of cooking on proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and total, heme and non‐heme iron content of camel meat.Design/methodology/approach – A total of ten longissimus thoracis muscles (500 grams) were collected between the tenth and twelfth ribs of the left side. Samples were randomly collected from two to three year old camel carcasses chilled (1‐3°C) for 48 hours then stored at −20°C. The first portion was kept fresh while the second one was placed in plastic bags and cooked by immersion in a water bath at 70°C for 90 minutes. Both samples were freeze‐dried, and then ground to a homogeneous mass to be used for chemical analyses.Findings – Cooked samples had significantly (p<0.05) higher dry matter by 27.7 per cent, protein by 31.1 per cent and fat by 22.2 per cent, but lower ash content by 8.3 per cent than the raw ones. Cooking had no significant effect on amino acid and fatty acid composition of the meat. The components of ca.
Does mutual fund advertising provide necessary investment information

Purpose – Finance theory proposes that consumers require information about the risk‐return trade‐off credibility information to relieve principal‐agent conflict concerns, and transaction cost information – for investment decisions. This paper aims to investigate whether or not such information is present in advertisements for one investment vehicle – mutual funds.Design/methodology/approach – All advertisements in Barron's and Money over two years were content‐analysed to determine the degree to which mutual fund advertising practice adheres to theories regarding information necessary for optimal investment decisions. Use of techniques known to influence advertisement noting (i.e. advertisement size and colour) and copy readership (i.e. visual size, text length, unique selling proposition/brand‐differentiating message, celebrity endorsements, direct or indirect comparisons with competitors, and emotional appeals) was also investigated. Finally, because mutual funds are a financial service, the presence of.
Phase II Neoadjuvant Trial of Paclitaxel by 96-Hour Continuous Infusion (CIVI) in Combination With Cisplatin Followed by Chest Radiotherapy for Patients With Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Sixteen patients with untreated locally advanced (n = 15) or recurrent (n = 1) non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were enrolled in this study between July 1996 and March 1999. Eight patients had stage IIIA NSCLC, seven had stage IIIB disease, and one had recurrent disease after prior resection of stage I disease. Patients were treated with paclitaxel 30 mg/m2/d for 4 days by continuous intravenous infusion followed by cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 5. Therapy was administered every 3 weeks until disease progression or a maximum of four cycles. Thoracic radiation was started within 3 to 4 weeks of day 1 of the last cycle of paclitaxel and cisplatin. Fourteen patients (87.5%) received all four cycles of chemotherapy and subsequent radiation therapy. Forty-four percent of patients achieved a partial response, and 1 patient complete response (overall response rate, 50%). The median progression-free survival was 8.8 months. At a median potential follow-up of 3.7 years, the median survival for all 16 enrolled patients was 13.2 months, and the actuarial 1-, 2-, and 3-year survivals were 62.5%, 43.8%, and 21.9%. In contrast to predictions from in vitro cytotoxicity models, the sequential use of prolonged infusional paclitaxel and bolus cisplatin followed by thoracic radiation does not appear to have a greater impact over shorter chemotherapy
Recurrence of major depressive disorder and its predictors in the general population: results from The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)

Background Knowledge of the risk of recurrence after recovery from major depressive disorder (MDD) in the general population is scarce. Method Data were derived from 687 subjects in the general population with a lifetime DSM-III-R diagnosis of MDD but without a current major depressive episode (MDE) or dysthymia. Participants had to be at least 6 months in remission, and were recruited from The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS), using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Recency and severity of the last MDE were assessed retrospectively at baseline. Recurrence of MDD was measured prospectively during the 3-year follow-up. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to measure time to recurrence. Determinants of time to recurrence were analyzed using proportional hazard models. Results The estimated cumulative recurrence of MDD was 13.2% at 5 years, 23.2% at 10 years and 42.0% at 20 years. In bivariate analysis, the following variables predicted a shorter time to recurrence: younger age, younger age of onset, higher number of previous episodes, a severe last depressive episode, negative youth experiences, ongoing difficulties before recurrence and high neuroticism. Multivariably, younger age, a higher number of previous episodes, a severe last depressive episode, negative youth experiences and ongoing difficulties remained significant. Conclusions In this community sample, the long-term risk of recurrence was high, but lower than that found in clinical samples. Subjects who had had an MDE had a long-term vulnerability for recurrence. Factors predicting recurrence included illness- and stress-related factors.
Relationship Marketing Activities, Commitment, and Membership Behaviors in Professional Associations

The authors conceptualize and empirically examine professional associations’ relationship-building efforts (core services performance, rewards for contributions, dissemination of organizational knowledge, member interdependence enhancement activities, and reliance on external membership requirements) that are theorized to enhance their membership's commitment to the relationship as well as the membership's relationship behaviors. Three components of commitment—affective, continuance, and normative—are theorized to mediate differentially the correlation between the associations’ relationship-building efforts and their members’ relationship behaviors (membership retention, exchange-based participation, and cooperatively based coproduction). Confirmatory factor analysis validates the commitment measures, and structural equations analysis indicates that normative and affective commitment partially mediate the effects of selected relationship-building efforts on coproduction and member participation. Core services performance was the only construct in the model found to affect member retention.
Benzene, toluene and xylene biodegradation by Pseudomonas putida CCMI 852

A minimal liquid medium containing benzene (B), toluene (T) and xylene (X) and mixtures thereof, was used to evaluate degradation activity of Pseudomonas putida CCMI 852 containing a TOL plasmid. Experiments were developed with B, T and X (100 mg L-1), with mixtures of BT, BX, and TX (50 + 50 mg L-1 each) and BTX (33.3 + 33.3 + 33.3 mg L-1 each), added to 500 mL of medium. After 18 to 24 hours, the inoculum was added and solvent disappearance was determined after 24 to 25 hours by GC. Results showed that P. putida CCMI 852 was able to metabolize T and X, but B was not metabolized. In a BTX mixture, B was not metabolized and T and X degradation rate decreased 50%.
The relative importance of global agricultural subsidies and market access

The claim by global trade modelers that the potential contribution to global economic welfare of removing agricultural subsidies is less than one-tenth of that from removing agricultural tariffs puzzles many observers. To help explain that result, this paper first compares the OECD and model-based estimates of the extent of the producer distortions (leaving aside consumer distortions), and shows that 75% of total support is provided by market access barriers when account is taken of all forms of support to farmers and to agricultural processors globally, and only 19% to domestic farm subsidies. We then provide a back-of-the-envelope (BOTE) calculation of the welfare cost of those distortions. Assuming unitary supply and demand elasticities, that BOTE analysis suggests 86% of the welfare cost is due to tariffs and only 6% to domestic farm subsidies. When the higher costs associated with the greater variability of trade measures relative to domestic support are accounted for, the BOTE estimate of the latter's share falls to 4%. This is close to the 5% generated by the most commonly used global model (GTAP) and reported in the paper's final section.
Consumption practices of fast fashion products: a consumer‐based approach

Purpose – The aim the present study is to investigate the consumption practices of fast fashion products. During the introductory stage of this phenomenon, most academic literature has focused its attention on structural and industrial aspects of the fast fashion phenomenon. Now that the phenomenon has been present as a part of individuals’ daily lives for some years, the time is ripe for taking a closer look at consumers’ standpoint.Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative technique of focus groups was chosen to carry out the research study within Italian consumers. The decision to exploit this methodology was largely guided by the exploratory purposes of this study and by the willingness to analyze the phenomenon of fast fashion and the consumption practices by adopting a social perspective.Findings – Results of the exploratory study show an overview of the phenomenon of fast fashion from the standpoint of the consumers and especially of the way they “live” fast fashion and integrate these products.
Non-invasive temperature monitoring and hyperthermic injury onset detection using X-ray CT during HIFU thermal treatment in ex vivo fatty tissue

Abstract Purpose: This paper examines X-ray CT, to serve as an image-guiding thermal monitoring modality for high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment of fatty tissues. Materials and methods: Six ex vivo porcine fat tissue specimens were scanned by X-ray CT simultaneously with the application of HIFU. Images were acquired during both heating and post-ablation stages. The temperature at the focal zone was measured simultaneously using a thermocouple. The mean values of the Hounsfield units (HU) at the focal zone were registered and plotted as a function of temperature. Results: In all specimens studied, the HU versus temperature curves measured during the heating stage depicted a characteristic non-linear parabolic trajectory (R2 > 0.87). The HU-temperature trajectory initially decreased to a minimum value at about 44.5 °C and then increased substantially as the heating progressed. The occurrence of this nadir point during the heating stage was clearly detectable. During post-ablation cooling, on the other hand, the HU increased monotonically with the decreasing temperature and depicted a clearly linear trajectory (R2 ≥ 0.9). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the HU-temperature curve during HIFU treatment has a characteristic parabolic trajectory for fat tissue that might potentially be utilised for thermal monitoring during HIFU ablation treatments. The clear detection of 44.5 °C, presumably marking the onset of hyperthermic injury, can be detected non-invasively as an occurrence of a minimum on the HU-time curve without any need to relate the HU directly to temperature. Such features may be helpful in monitoring and optimising HIFU thermal treatment for clinically applicable indications such as in the breast by providing a non-invasive monitoring of tissue damage.
Capital Recycling and Moral Hazard in the Securitization Market

Securitization allows the recycling of scarce bank capital but exacerbates the moral hazard problem inherent in banks' private choices of loan monitoring. In a model combining these aspects of the securitization market, I show that an appropriately-designed proportional retention requirement, if implementable, may improve social welfare. I then consider if rating agencies may mitigate the moral hazard problem of banks. I illustrate that rating infl ation may occur with perfectly rational investors, and that mandating credit rating may further exacerbate rating inaccuracy. Therefore, even given market imperfections, governments may optimally leave rating agencies unregulated.
Why Stewardship is Proving Elusive for Institutional Investors

As the dominant owners of listed companies in many developed markets, institutional investors have been under increasing pressure to act as responsible shareholders. In the UK, Canada, France, the Netherlands, and other markets, stewardship codes have been developed or are under consideration to encourage pension funds, insurance companies, and their asset managers to monitor and engage investee companies actively with the view to protect and enhance shareholder value.However, attempts in recent decades to convince institutional investors to act as active, long-term oriented “stewards” have fallen short. This is because modern investment management practices and characteristics – such as financial arrangements that promote trading, excessive portfolio diversification, lengthening share ownership chain, misguided interpretation of fiduciary duty, and flawed business model and governance approach of passive funds – make genuine stewardship challenging for institutional investors.Although these deficiencies are extremely serious, they may be remedied through a combination of actions, including by eliminating unnecessary intermediation, developing in-house investment management capabilities, revamping performance metrics, and rationalizing portfolio holdings.While not all investors need to be stewards and stewardship obligations should be allowed to be discharged in different ways, tackling the underlying structural impediments will make it easier – and more natural – for asset owners and asset managers to adopt an active, long-term oriented mindset.
Al~D ON FORCE OF CONTRACTION OF ISOLATED RA.BBIT ATRIA

The influence of ~-adrenoceptor antagonists on the spontaneous rate and on ferce of contraction of the myocardium was studied independently on spontaneously beati ng right and electrically driven isolated [eft atria of rabbit. On spontaneous rate. practolol had sympathomimetic effect only. N-isopropyrmethoxamine (IMA). had both sympathomimetic as well as depressant effects. whereas alprenolol. procino[ol. bunolor and H 35/25 had dapr&ssant effects only in higher concentrations. The order of potency was procinolol >bunolol >alprenolol >H 35/25> and IMA. On the contractions of isolated left atria. all ~-adre:loceptor antagonists produced concentration-dependent depressant effect. In relation to procinolol. these agents were 5-125 times ress potent for depressing the contractions of left atria by 15% and the order of ~-potency was procinolol> alprenol o r >bunolol=H 35/25>IMA>and practofol.