Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Origin of Multiwavelength Activities of High-redshift Flat-spectrum Radio Quasar PKS 1502+106 during 2014–2018

The origin of the multiband activities (outbursts/flares) of blazars is still a heavily debated topic. Shock and magnetic reconnection have long been considered as possible triggers of the multiband activities. In this paper, we present an exploration of the origin of multiband activities for a high-redshift (z = 1.8385) flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1502+106. Utilizing multiband data from radio to γ-ray and optical polarization observations, we investigate two dramatic activities in detail: a γ-ray-dominated outburst in 2015 and an optical-dominated outburst in 2017. Our main results are as follows. (I) A fast γ-ray flare with a flux-doubling timescale as short as 1 hr in 2015 is discovered. Based on the variability timescale, the physical parameters of the flaring region (e.g., minimum Doppler factor, emission region size, etc.) are constrained. At the peak of the flare, the γ-ray spectrum hardens to Γγ = 1.82 ± 0.04 and exhibits an obvious curvature/break characteristic that is caused by the typical “cooling break. ” Modeling of multiband spectral energy distributions reveal a very hard electronic energy spectrum with the electronic spectral index of 1.07 ± 0.53. This result suggests that this fast γ-ray flare may be triggered by magnetic reconnection. (II) During the outburst in 2017, the degree of optical polarization and optical fluxes showed a very tight correlation. By analyzing the Stokes parameters of polarization observations, our results show that this outburst could be triggered by a transverse shock with a compression ratio of η > 2.2, and the magnetic field intensity of the shock emission region is about 0.032 G.
Beyond content analysis: detecting targeted ads via distributed counting

Being able to check whether an online advertisement has been targeted is essential for resolving privacy controversies and implementing in practice data protection regulations like GDPR, CCPA, and COPPA. In this paper we describe the design, implementation, and deployment of an advertisement auditing system called eyeWnder that uses crowdsourcing to reveal in real time whether a display advertisement has been targeted or not. Crowdsourcing simplifies the detection of targeted advertising, but requires reporting to a central repository the impressions seen by different users, thereby jeopardizing their privacy. We break this deadlock with a privacy preserving data sharing protocol that allows eyeWnder to compute global statistics required to detect targeting, while keeping the advertisements seen by individual users and their browsing history private. We conduct a simulation study to explore the effect of different parameters and a live validation to demonstrate the accuracy of our approach. Unlike previous solutions, eyeWnder can even detect indirect targeting, i.e., marketing campaigns that promote a product or service whose description bears no semantic overlap with its targeted audience.
End-to-End Speech Recognition with High-Frame-Rate Features Extraction

State-of-the-art end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) extracts acoustic features from input speech signal every 10 ms which corresponds to a frame rate of 100 frames/second. In this report, we investigate the use of high-frame-rate features extraction in end-to-end ASR. High frame rates of 200 and 400 frames/second are used in the features extraction and provide additional information for end-to-end ASR. The effectiveness of high-frame-rate features extraction is evaluated independently and in combination with speed perturbation based data augmentation. Experiments performed on two speech corpora, Wall Street Journal (WSJ) and CHiME-5, show that using high-frame-rate features extraction yields improved performance for end-to-end ASR, both independently and in combination with speed perturbation. On WSJ corpus, the relative reduction of word error rate (WER) yielded by high-frame-rate features extraction independently and in combination with speed perturbation are up to 21.3% and 24.1%, respectively. On CHiME-5 corpus, the corresponding relative WER reductions are up to 2.8% and 7.9%, respectively, on the test data recorded by microphone arrays and up to 11.8% and 21.2%, respectively, on the test data recorded by binaural microphones.
Globally Convergent Newton Methods for Ill-conditioned Generalized Self-concordant Losses

In this paper, we study large-scale convex optimization algorithms based on the Newton method applied to regularized generalized self-concordant losses, which include logistic regression and softmax regression. We first prove that our new simple scheme based on a sequence of problems with decreasing regularization parameters is provably globally convergent, that this convergence is linear with a constant factor which scales only logarithmically with the condition number. In the parametric setting, we obtain an algorithm with the same scaling than regular first-order methods but with an improved behavior, in particular in ill-conditioned problems. Second, in the non parametric machine learning setting, we provide an explicit algorithm combining the previous scheme with Nystr{o}m projection techniques, and prove that it achieves optimal generalization bounds with a time complexity of order O(ndf $\lambda$), a memory complexity of order O(df 2 $\lambda$) and no dependence on the condition number, generalizing the results known for least-squares regression. Here n is the number of observations and df $\lambda$ is the associated degrees of freedom. In particular, this is the first large-scale algorithm to solve logistic and softmax regressions in the non-parametric setting with large condition numbers and theoretical guarantees.
Learning graph-structured data using Poincaré embeddings and Riemannian K-means algorithms

Recent literature has shown several benefits of hyperbolic embedding of graph-structured data (GSD) in representing their structures and latent relations. While several studies have explored the ability of hyperbolic embedding to represent data (for example, by quantifying their mean average precision) and their ability to produce better visualisations of clusters, only few works exploited the effectiveness of hyperbolic embedding to perform learning on the initial GSD. Motivated by innovative ideas from the fields of Brain computer interfaces and Radar processing, this paper presents a new scheme for learning GSD based on hyperbolic embedding, Riemannian barycentre (i.e. Fr\'echet or geometric mean) and $K$-means algorithms as a significant tool that derives from it. The main idea is as follows. Relying on the Riemannian barycentre, we define a notion of minimal variance which allows us to choose an embedding between different ones. This embedding is used thereafter together with $K$-means algorithms to perform unsupervised clustering and in combination with the nearest neighbour rule to perform supervised learning. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework through several experiments on real-world social networks and hierarchical GSD. The obtained results outperform their counterparts in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces and recent proposed geometric approaches.
Application of Intelligent Firefly Algorithm to Solve OPF with STATCOM

Voltage profile has been a major concern for power system utilities. Lack of voltage profile control may cause voltage collapse and lead to complete power cut in the system. Several events of voltage collapse in the recent past in the country are some example. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices are increasingly used to improve voltage profile and power flow control in many utilities. However, owing to the considerable cost of FACTS devices involved, it is important to find the optimal location and sizing of these devices in a power system to obtain maximum benefits of these devices. In the recent works, to find optimal location and sizing of STATCOM, PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and many other intelligent algorithms was used. In this research work new intelligent algorithm known as firefly OPF algorithm is used to find best location and size of STATCOM. The algorithm is implemented for finding optimal location and sizing of STATCOM for voltage profile improvement in a benchmark IEEE 30-bus system.
ความสัมพันธทางกายวิภาคศาสตรระหวางเสนประสาท deep peroneal กับพื้นผิวดาน anterolateral ของกระดูก tibia ในกลุมประชากรไทยในรางอาจารยใหญและความสําคัญทางคลินิก จรรยารักษ สุริยุทธ , กิตติคุณ วิวัฒนภิญโญ , ชนะการ พรพัฒนกุล , ผาสุก มหรรฆานุเคราะห ภูมิหลัง : เสนประสาท deep peroneal อยูภายในบริเวณสวนหนาของขาสว

Background: The deep peroneal nerve innervates muscles of the anterior leg compartment and the dorsum of the foot, and also receives sensation from the first interdigital cleft of the foot. Along its course in lower part of the leg, this nerve is very close to the anterolateral surface of the tibia and might be vulnerable to injury in fractures of the tibia or during surgery. Objective: The objective of this study is to clarify the relationship between the deep peroneal nerve and anterolateral surface of tibia. Material and Method: Variations in the course of the deep peroneal nerve related to the anterolateral surface of tibia were investigated by dissection of 82 legs from 45 fresh cadavers. The distance by which the deep peroneal nerve was directly contacted to the tibia was measured and compared to the length from the tibial tuberosity to the medial malleolus. The length of that association, as a percentage of the distance from the tibial tuberosity to the medial malleolus, was calculated. Results: The fraction of the distance along which the deep peroneal nerve was in direct contact with the anterolateral surface of the tibia as a percentage of the distance between the tibial tuberosity and the medial malleolus ranged from 40.38% to 84.11%, with an average of 64.87% (95% confidence interval: 63.23-66.52%). In the majority of the legs studied (52.44%), the percentage range between 60-70%. Conclusion: An majority of the deep peroneal nerve was directly in contact with the anterolateral surface of tibia and ranged from 60-70% of the distance between tibia tuberosity and medial malleolus. Surgical incision along this area should be carefully performed.
FACING EFFECTS IN GEOSYNTHETIC-REINFORCED SOIL STRUCTURES

This Paper outlines the Finite Element Method of analysis for simulating of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls (GRS-RWs). Results of a parametric study to investigate the effect of facing including panel facing, segmental facing and wrapped facing on the behavior of GRS-RWs in terms of displacement of wall and forces in the reinforcements are presented. However this study is focused on the walls, because of the similarities to other forms of reinforced structures in facing such as slopes and abutments it can be applied to these structures too. This study shows that facing has a strong effect especially on the displacement of walls and should be taken into account in the design procedures which is not often concerned in analysis. RÉSUMÉ Ce Papier esquisse la Méthode d'Elément Finie d'analyse pour simulers de Murs De Soutènement de Sol GeosyntheticRenforcés (GRS-RWs). Les résultats d'une étude paramétrique pour examiner l'effet de revêtement y compris le panneau faisant face à, segmental faisant face à et le revêtement emballé sur le comportement de GRS-RWs sur le plan de déplacement de mur et de forces dans les renforcements sont présenté. Cependant cette étude est convergée sur les murs, à cause des similarités aux autres formes de structures renforcées dans faisant face à tel que les pentes et les contreforts qu'il peut être appliqué à ces structures aussi. Cette étude montre à ce revêtement a un effet fort surtout sur le déplacement de murs et devrait être tenu compte de dans les procédures de conception qui n'est pas souvent concernée dans l'analyse.
A 2 A adenosine receptor modulates drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from toxic substances within the peripheral circulation. It maintains brain homeostasis and is a hurdle for drug delivery to the CNS to treat neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and brain tumors. The drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is highly expressed on brain endothelial cells and blocks the entry of most drugs delivered to the brain. Here, we show that activation of the A2A adenosine receptor (AR) with an FDA-approved A2A AR agonist (Lexiscan) rapidly and potently decreased P-gp expression and function in a time-dependent and reversible manner. We demonstrate that downmodulation of P-gp expression and function coincided with chemotherapeutic drug accumulation in brains of WT mice and in primary mouse and human brain endothelial cells, which serve as in vitro BBB models. Lexiscan also potently downregulated the expression of BCRP1, an efflux transporter that is highly expressed in the CNS vasculature and other tissues. Finally, we determined that multiple pathways, including MMP9 cleavage and ubiquitinylation, mediated P-gp downmodulation. Based on these data, we propose that A2A AR activation on BBB endothelial cells offers a therapeutic window that can be fine-tuned for drug delivery to the brain and has potential as a CNS drug-delivery technology. Research Article Vascular biology
Low-cost approaches to reducing social inequalities in cancer in low- and middle-income countries and disadvantaged populations

Cancer control has received significantly less attention compared with other public health issues from governments in many lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) despite a significant and increasing disease burden. The striking inequalities in cancer burden and outcomes between high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs are exemplified by the fact that, although 60% of the estimated 14 million new cases and 75% of the estimated 8.8 million cancer deaths per year occur in LMICs, only 5% of global spending on cancer is directed at these countries; most LMICs spend less than 2% of their gross domestic product on health (Prager et al., 2018). Given these realities, it is not surprising that substantial inequalities exist between countries in terms of cancer occurrence, care, and outcomes. The health systems in LMICs and in disadvantaged population must be reoriented to adopt proven and cost-effective low-cost technologies and approaches to reduce and eliminate the inequalities in cancer outcomes. Some of the low-cost technologies and approaches that have the potential to reduce inequalities if implemented correctly are discussed in this chapter.
Optimal Trend In ation

We consider a sticky price model that incorporates rm heterogeneity and plausible rm level productivity trends. Aggregating the model in closed form, we show that the optimal steady state ination rate generically di¤ers from zero, and that the optimal ination rate persistently responds to productivity disturbances. Using rm level data from the U.S. Census Bureau to estimate the ination relevant trends, we nd that the optimal trend ination rate for the U.S. economy was slightly above 2 percent in the year 1986, but continously declined thereafter and reached about 1 percent in the year 2013. Keywords: optimal ination rate, sticky prices, rm heterogeneity JEL Class. No.: E52, E31, E32 We would like to thank Matthias Kehrig for generously supporting us with access to the LBD database. We also thank Pierpaolo Benigno, Saki Bigio, V.V. Chari, Michael Woodford, seminar participants at the 2016 CSEF-CIL-UCL conference in Alghero, the 12th Dynare conference in Rome, 2016, 2016 EUI Workshop on Economic Policy Challenges, Florence, and the 2016 German Economic Association (VfS) meeting for comments and suggestions. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reect the views of the Deutsche Bundesbank, the Eurosystem, or its sta¤. Any remaining errors are our own.
A CLIMATOLOGICAL STUDY OF LOW CEILING AND FOG EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF PRECIPITATION IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

A previous study has shown that a significant fraction of fog events in the northeastern United States occur in the presence of precipitation. Tardif (2004) found that 25% to 50% of fog events at various locations in a region around New York City were associated with the presence of some type of precipitation at their onset. Other authors have also pointed out the common occurrence of fog in precipitation (Byers 1959, Westcott 2004). It is also found that a large fraction of precipitation events are also associated with low level cloud ceilings. Thus precipitation seems to play a significant role in the formation of low ceiling and visibility (C&V) conditions, yet relatively little is found in the literature about the mechanisms and interactions leading to changes in ceiling height and the appearance of fog in precipitation. Goldman (1951) lists some factors thought to be linked to the lowering of cloud ceilings in continuous precipitation and proposes empirical rules to forecast the rate of decrease of cloud ceilings. Factors cited are the rate of moistening of the subcloud layer by the evaporation of rain drops, mechanical turbulence and the advection of temperature and moisture. Some limited success was obtained with ceiling forecasts obtained through the application of the proposed rules. A few other studies describe fog in precipitation as a phenomenon associated with warm rain falling into colder air in areas ahead of warms fronts (Byers 1959, Petterssen 1969) or in regions of extratropical cyclones characterized by a transition in precipitation type (Stewart 1992, Stewart and Yiu 1993, Stewart et al. 1995). Therefore, a relatively few studies are found which aim to further our understanding of the relationship that exists between the occurrence of precipitation and cloud ceilings and visibility in fog.
Components of quantitative resistance in barley plants to Fusarium head blight infection determined using three in vitro assays

Quantitative resistance in barley to four Fusarium head blight (FHB) species was investigated in vitro. Nine components involved in three assays (detached leaf, modified Petridish and seedling tests) were compared on two widely grown Syrian barley cultivars: Arabi Aswad (AS) and Arabi Abiad (AB). On AB, inoculation with FHB species resulted in a significantly shorter latent period and larger lesion length of detached leaf inoculation, more standardized area under disease progress curve (AUDPCstandard) of modified Petridish inoculation and a higher percentage of infected seedlings of pin-point inoculation than on AS. The latent period of AB was 14.89% less than AS, lesion length of AS was 6.01% less than AB, AUDPCstandard of AS was 17.07% less than AB and the percentage of infected seedlings of AS was 4.87% less than AB. Inoculation with FHB species resulted in no significant differences in the other five components measured: incubation period of detached leaf inoculation, germination rate reduction and coleoptile length reduction of modified Petridish inoculation, percentage of infected seedlings of foliar-spraying inoculation and lesion length of clip-dipping inoculation. AS was more resistant to in vitro FHB infection than AB. The latent period and AUDPCstandard recorded the highest values compared with the lowest values for lesion length and percentage of infected seedlings. It seems that measurement of the latent period and AUDPCstandard may be useful in identifying barley cultivars which are highly susceptible or resistant to FHB at early stages.
“Postmodern Urbanism”

Theories of urban structure are a scarce commodity. Most twentieth-century analyses have been predicated on the Chicago School model of concentric zones, despite the obvious claims of competing models. This paper examines the contemporary forms of Southern California urbanism as an initial step toward deriving a concept of “postmodern urbanism. ” The Los Angeles model consists of several fundamental characteristics, including a global-local connection, a ubiquitous social polarization, and a reterritorialization of the urban process in which hinterland organizes the center (in direct contradiction to the Chicago model). The resultant urbanism is distinguished by a centerless urban form termed “keno capitalism,” which we advance as the basis for a research agenda in comparative urban analysis.
Association between interleukin-6 rs 1800795 polymorphism and the decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus : an updated meta-analysis

It has been reported that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800795 in interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene is associated with the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the conclusions in several recent reports remained controversial. Herein, we performed this meta-analysis to investigate the relationship of rs1800795 and T2DM risk. A systematic search of relevant literatures was conducted through the databases of PubMed, Embase, and CBMdisc up to December 2016. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association between rs1800795 and T2DM risk in four genetic models. Twelve case-control studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Overall, our results showed that rs1800795 was associated with the decreased risk of T2DM in allelic and recessive models, but not dominant or addictive models. No obvious published bias was found in any models for the SNP. In conclusion, the current metaanalysis demonstrated that the SNP of IL-6 gene was correlated with the decreased risk of T2DM. However, studies including a larger number of subjects with more detailed individual information are needed for further validation of our conclusion.
Diffuse calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease with hypertension in an elderly female with Gitelman syndrome : case report and literature review

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an inherited tubulopathy characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and normal or low blood pressure. Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) develops due to longstanding hypomagnesemia secondary to GS. Concomitant diffuse CPPD with hypertension in GS patients has not been reported previously. We describe an elderly female patient with a 10-year history of polyarthralgia and 6-month history of fatigue. She had a 1-year history of hypertension. Serum electrolytes revealed hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. Arterial blood gas analysis showed decompensated metabolic alkalosis. Urinary electrolytes analysis suggested renal potassium and chloride wasting along with hypocalciuria. Thiazide test showed the fractional excretion of urinary chloride increased by 0.642% (normal >2.3%) after thiazide challenge. This indicated a functional defect in the sodium chloride co-transporter (NCCT) in the distal convoluted tubule. Compound heterozygous mutations in SLC12A3 were revealed. One missense mutation was c.571G>C in exon 4, which led to p.Ala191Pro, and another splice-site mutation was c.506-1G>A in intron 3. X-rays showed diffuse CPPD. Accordingly, the diagnosis of GS with diffuse CPPD and hypertension was eventually established. Potassium chloride, spironolactone, and potassium magnesium aspartate were administered to correct electrolyte disturbances, and perindopril was administered to control hypertension and retain potassium. Fatigue and joint pain were improved.
A Model of a Protected Data Management System.

Abstract : A mathematical model of a data management system embodying a military security policy is presented. Its basis in the Bell-La Padula model and the extensions required are narratively described. General notions of protection and the relational approach to data management are considered. A full, formal description of the model is included. (Author)
Alphavirus polymerase and RNA replication 2

3 4 Department of Food and Environmental Sciences 5 University of Helsinki 6 Viikinkaari 9 (PO Box 56), 00014 Helsinki, Finland 7 #corresponding author, e-mail: tero.ahola@helsinki.fi 8 *with equal contribution 9 10