Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apples Shape Grading by Fourier Expansion and Genetic Program Algorithm

Apple is a very important fruit in China. The shape of the apple is important indices for classifications. An image collecting system was developed and 4 images are obtained from each apple in this study. In order to describing the irregular shapes of apples, Fourier expansion was developed to reduce the dimensionality of the edge points of an image to a set of 33 Fourier coefficients. These coefficients and variables were used as feature parameters. A new method called organization feature parameter based on formulae expression tree by using genetic algorithm was proposed in this paper. It could solve the problem how to getting optimum feature parameters. By applying "step decision tree" descriptor in combination with the new method to identify the shape of apples, the grade judgment ratios for "extra", “categories II ” and "reject" are high, but the ratio for " category I" is not high.
Two-Sided Matching via Balanced Exchange

We introduce a new matching model to mimic two-sided exchange programs such as tuition and worker exchanges, in which export-import balances are required for longevity of programs. These exchanges use decentralized markets, making it difficult to achieve this goal. We introduce the two-sided top trading cycles, the unique mechanism that is balanced-efficient, worker-strategy-proof, acceptable, individually rational, and respecting priority bylaws regarding worker eligibility. Moreover, it encourages exchange, because full participation induces a dominant-strategy equilibrium for firms. We extend it to dynamic settings permitting tolerable yearly imbalances and demonstrate that its regular and tolerable versions perform considerably better than models of current practice.
Dual-Agent GANs for Photorealistic and Identity Preserving Profile Face Synthesis

Synthesizing realistic profile faces is promising for more efficiently training deep pose-invariant models for large-scale unconstrained face recognition, by populating samples with extreme poses and avoiding tedious annotations. However, learning from synthetic faces may not achieve the desired performance due to the discrepancy between distributions of the synthetic and real face images. To narrow this gap, we propose a Dual-Agent Generative Adversarial Network (DA-GAN) model, which can improve the realism of a face simulator's output using unlabeled real faces, while preserving the identity information during the realism refinement. The dual agents are specifically designed for distinguishing real v.s. fake and identities simultaneously. In particular, we employ an off-the-shelf 3D face model as a simulator to generate profile face images with varying poses. DA-GAN leverages a fully convolutional network as the generator to generate high-resolution images and an auto-encoder as the discriminator with the dual agents. Besides the novel architecture, we make several key modifications to the standard GAN to preserve pose and texture, preserve identity and stabilize training process: (i) a pose perception loss; (ii) an identity perception loss; (iii) an adversarial loss with a boundary equilibrium regularization term. Experimental results show that DA-GAN not only presents compelling perceptual results but also significantly outperforms state-of-the-arts on the large-scale and challenging NIST IJB-A unconstrained face recognition benchmark. In addition, the proposed DA-GAN is also promising as a new approach for solving generic transfer learning problems more effectively.
Transfer of M2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors to Clathrin-derived Early Endosomes following Clathrin-independent Endocytosis*

Upon agonist stimulation, many G protein-coupled receptors such as β2-adrenergic receptors are internalized via β-arrestin- and clathrin-dependent mechanisms, whereas others, like M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), are internalized by clathrin- and arrestin-independent mechanisms. To gain further insight into the mechanisms that regulate M2 mAChR endocytosis, we investigated the post-endocytic trafficking of M2 mAChRs in HeLa cells and the role of the ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) GTPase in regulating M2 mAChR internalization. Here, we report that M2 mAChRs are rapidly internalized by a clathrin-independent pathway that is inhibited up to 50% by expression of either GTPase-defective Arf6 Q67L or an upstream Arf6 activator, Gαq Q209L. In contrast, M2mAChR internalization was not affected by expression of dominant-negative dynamin 2 K44A, which is a known inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Nevertheless, M2 mAChRs, which are initially internalized in structures that lack clathrin-dependent endosomal markers, quickly localize to endosomes that contain the clathrin-dependent, early endosomal markers early endosome autoantigen-1, transferrin receptor, and GTPase-defective Rab5 Q79L, which is known to swell early endosomal compartments. These results suggest that M2mAChRs initially internalize via an Arf6-associated, clathrin-independent pathway but then quickly merge with the clathrin endocytic pathway at the level of early endosomes.
The long-term effects of a self-management program for inner-city primary care patients with acute low back pain.

BACKGROUND We evaluated the effect of a self-management program for low-income primary care patients with acute low back pain (ALBP) from inner-city neighborhood health centers. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a self-management program compared with usual care at university-affiliated neighborhood health centers and an emergency department of an inner-city public teaching hospital. We enrolled 211 patients who visited a physician for ALBP (<90 days' duration). The self-management program consisted of 3 group sessions and telephone follow-up that focused on understanding back pain, increasing physical activity, and dealing with fears and frustrations. RESULTS At baseline, 4 months, and 12 months, blinded interviewers assessed back pain physical function (Roland Disability Questionnaire), health status (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales), self-efficacy, and time spent in physical activity. Compared with patients receiving usual care, intervention patients reported significantly better scores on the Roland Disability Questionnaire (P =.009), mental functioning (P =.009), self-efficacy to manage ALBP (P =.03), time spent in physical activity (P =.047), and reduced fears of movement/reinjury (P =.005) after 12 months. CONCLUSION A self-management program can improve and maintain functional status, mental functioning, and self-efficacy to manage future symptoms for 1 year among primary care patients with ALBP living in the urban, inner city.
Modern leadership principles for public administration: time to move forward

The historical aversion to effective leadership in American public administration literature imposes a troubling controversy over the appropriateness of nonelected public leaders being allowed to exercise the authority and capability to make decisions regarding the direction, focus, and intensity of their organizational efforts. Using principles from distributed, transformational, and authentic leadership theories, we propose a new public leadership theory that addresses the emerging unique characteristics of the public sector and test this theory using three administrations of the Federal Human Capital Survey. Results show strong support for the application of these theories in the public service. We advocate for the research and teaching of modern leadership of these theories in the public administration field. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Change in Endocochlear Potential During Experimental Insertion of a Simulated Cochlear Implant Electrode in the Guinea Pig

Objective Preservation of residual hearing during cochlear implantation is important. This study investigated changes in endocochlear potential (EP) during simulated cochlear implant (CI) electrode insertion. Study Design Laboratory animal study. Setting Academic hospital laboratory. Subjects and Methods Guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups: cochleostomy only (4 animals), suction after cochleostomy (5 animals), simulated CI electrode insertion parallel to the longitudinal axis of the scala tympani without suctioning (7 animals), and simulated CI electrode insertion toward the modiolus without suctioning (7 animals). The EP was measured from the second turn of the cochlea, and the values after 20 minutes were compared. Results The EP showed little change at 20 minutes after cochleostomy with a nearly normal value of 84.83 ± 2.12 mV. Suctioning of the perilymph from the cochleostomy site caused a slight acute reduction in EP by about 6 mV, and the value at 20 minutes after cochleostomy was 78.64 ± 4.42 mV. Insertion of the simulated CI electrode parallel to the longitudinal axis of the scala tympani caused a slight decrease in EP to 78.91 ± 5.06 mV. Insertion toward the modiolus caused a marked decrease in EP to 54.13 ± 4.42 mV at 20 minutes after the treatment, significantly lower compared with the other 3 groups. Conclusion EP was well preserved during carefully performed surgical procedures of simulated CI electrode insertion, but it decreased significantly if the simulated CI electrode was inserted toward the modiolus. Careful attention is necessary to ensure the correct direction of CI electrode insertion to preserve residual hearing. Use of suction should be minimized if possible.
Pixel Indicator Technique for RGB Image Steganography

Image based steganography utilize the images as cover media to hide secret data. The common technique used in this field replaces the least significant bits (LSB) of image pixels with intended secret bits. Several improvements to enhance the security of the LSB method have been presented earlier. This paper proposed a new improved technique that takes the advantage of the 24 bits in each pixel in the RGB images using the two least significant bits of one channel to indicate existence of data in the other two channels. The stego method does not depend on a separate key to take out the key management overhead. Instead, it is using the size of the secret data as selection criteria for the first indicator channel to insert security randomness. Our proposed technique is analyzed using security and capacity measures and compared to two other similar work. This proposed pixel indicator technique for RGB image steganography showed interesting promising result.
Determination of C-23 Configuration in (20R)-23-Hydroxycholestane Side Chain of Steroid Compounds by 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy

Epimeric (20R,23R)- and (20R,23S)-23-hydroxycholestane steroids were synthesized. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and application of the Mosher's method. All proton and carbon signals of the side chains were assigned. Based on these assignments spectral data allow the determination of the C-23 stereochemistry of (20R)-23-hydroxycholestane side chains of the new natural steroids by comparison with spectra of the obtained model compounds. As a result, the C-23 configuration of two steroid compounds from the starfishes Lethasterias nanimensis chelifera and Lethasterias fusca was established.
Stented versus nonstented pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreatoduodenectomy: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE To compare morbidity and mortality rates of stented versus nonstented pancreaticojejunostomy after partial pancreatoduodenectomy. BACKGROUND DATA Despite a marked reduction in the mortality rate after partial pancreatoduodenectomy in recent years, leakage of the pancreaticojejunostomy still occurs in 5% to 25% of patients and remains the major source of complications. METHODS The authors compared the morbidity and mortality rates of 85 consecutive patients who had a partial pancreatoduodenectomy with (n = 44) or without (n = 41) temporary stented external drainage of the pancreatic duct between 1994 and 1997. RESULTS A pancreatic fistula was diagnosed in 3 of the 44 patients (6.8%) with stents versus 12 of the 41 patients (29.3%) without stents. Surgical reintervention was necessary in 1 of the 3 patients with a pancreatic fistula in the stented group and 3 of the 12 patients with a pancreatic fistula in the nonstented group. There were two deaths after surgery, both in the nonstented group. The median hospital stay after surgery was 13 days in patients with stents and 29 days in patients without stents. CONCLUSION In this nonrandomized prospective observational study, temporary external drainage of the pancreatic duct with a PVC tube significantly reduced the leakage rate of the pancreaticojejunostomy as well as the duration of hospital stay after partial pancreatoduodenectomy. Although promising, these observations require confirmation by further studies.
Absolute measurement of the vibratory threshold.

FOR MANY years the appreciation of vibration has been used in the study and diagnosis of various neurologic disorders. 1 Up to the present time both the tuning fork and electrical vibrators 2 have been used for such determinations. However, while the latter represent a vast improvement over the former, the attendant errors in both have restricted their use to disorders that produce only large changes in the vibratory threshold. Furthermore, such instruments have been incapable of absolute calibration and as a result have been limited to relative studies. Recent investigations on certain neurologic disorders 3 and the effect of analgesics and other drugs have again served to emphasize the importance of the vibratory threshold, and it is the purpose of this paper to describe an instrument and a technique that allow the precise measurement of this threshold on an absolute scale. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION While it is not the purpose
The role of spatial planning for sustainable tourism development: a theoretical model for Turkey.

Planning concept is an important concept for realizing the benefi ts of the tourism sector for localities, public and environment. Planning is a broad term covering several stages from national strategic decisions to unique design applications. Spatial planning is an important aspect of planning with a focus on physical planning in various sectors as well as tourism. Th e importance of planning has increased with the prominence of a second concept; sustainability. Since the 1970's, sustainability has continuously gained importance in all socio economic aspects of human beings. It is also important for the tourism sector as this sector has eff ects on the environment. Th is article tackles the role and importance of physical planning for the development of sustainable tourism concept. For this reason, a model is built for sustainable tourism development in Turkey as Turkish legislation system regarding planning and tourism should be improved in terms of sustainability. Th e aim of the article is to determine how to integrate spatial planning to sustainable tourism development and to decide the possible pathways within sustainable tourism development. Th e model considers all stages from large scale decisions to architectural design within a comprehensive manner. Th is model could be utilized to deal with all aspects of planning, such as policies, strategies, spatial decisions, building structuring, density, site planning and architecture.
Intussusception: Analysis of 98 cases

A retrospective study of the clinical features and surgical management of 98 cases of paediatric intussusception treated in New Zealand during the past 16 years is presented. The classic triad of vomiting, rectal bleeding and abdominal pain occurred in only 20 per cent of patients. Barium enema examination was used in 67 patients but successful reduction was achieved in only 13. Laparotomy was performed in 85 patients with 1 operative death. Gangrenous bowel was found in 17 patients and 24 required bowel resection with no associated mortality. This high rate of bowel resection appears to be related to the long duration of symptoms before the diagnosis was established. It is concluded that earlier diagnosis is the single factor most likely to reduce morbidity.
Band 11 q 13 is nonrandomly rearranged in hibernomas

Cytogenetic study of a short‐term culture from a hibernoma, a very rare benign proliferation of the brown fat, demonstrated a four‐break translocation t(5;7;11;17)(p14;q11.23;q13.1‐13.3;p11.2) as the sole abnormality in all analyzed cells. Complex translocations involving band 11 q 13 have also been detected in the two other published cases of hibernoma. The consistent finding of 11 q 13 rearrangements appears to distinguish hibernoma from other benign adipose tissue tumors cytogenetically and suggests that 11 q 13 changes may play an important role in hibernoma pathogenesis. Genes Chrom Cancer 9:145‐147 (1994). Inc.© 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete restoration of phenylalanine oxidation in phenylketonuria mouse by a self‐complementary adeno‐associated virus vector

Classical phenylketonuria (PKU) arises from a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) that catalyses phenylalanine oxidation in the liver. Lack of PAH activity causes massive hyperphenylalaninemia and consequently severe brain damage. Preclinical studies showed that conventional adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors could correct hyperphenylalaninemia in a mouse model of PKU, although limitations such as very large dose requirement and relative inefficiency in female animals were recognized.
Measurement of systolic time intervals.

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Waking and All-Night Sleep EEG's in Anorexia Nervosa

Despite an abundance of literature on EEG findings in other psychiatric syndromes and renewed interest in the biological aspects of eating disorders, there is a surprising scarcity of published information about the EEG in anorexia nervosa. In fact, several major reviews of the EEG in psychiatric populations fail to mention this disorder entirely. (1-3) A small number of reports describe the EEGs of individual cases of the illness, but diagnostic criteria have often been poorly-defined, and the majority of these patients appear to have been suffering from concurrent neurologic illnesses. (4-8) The only systematic study of the EEG in anorexia nervosa was performed by Crisp et al.,(9) in a series of 32 patients. Of these, 59% had abnormal EEG background activity, 31% had unstable responses to hyperventilation, and 12.5% displayed epileptiform paroxysmal dysrhythmias. While a few patients presented evidence of a primary CNS etiology for these abnormalities, the majority were attributed by the investigators to reversible secondary manifestations of self-starvation: electrolyte imbalance, metabolic alkalosis, and relative hypoglycemia. All-night EEG sleep profiles have become increasingly important tools for the assessment and classification of psychiatric disorders. (10) In an earl ier controlled study of EEG sleep in a small number of patients from our laboratory, a significant reduction of both tonic and phasic components of REM sleep was found in primary anorexia nervosa. (11, 12) This type of abnormality has most frequently been observed in neurological disorders(13) and in symptomatic psychiatric syndromes accompanying primary medical illnesses. (14, 15) Unlike the clinical EEG findings of Crisp et al.,(9) this EEG sleep profile persisted even after patients had regained weight during therapy. (11) Moreover, a pedigree study revealed concordance of this sleep marker in three siblings, each of whom was in a different stage of an eating disorder or its remission. (12) The present study was designed to reexamine the clinical EEG findings of Crisp, et al.,(9) using standardized research diagnostic criteria. In addition, we compared waking EEG abnormalities to all-night EEG sleep profiles in this series of anorectics, as an extension of previous work by Foster et al. (11,12,14)
Detection of the Hepatitis C Virus in Tear Fluid of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

The highest prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the world has been reported among Egyptians and up to 20 to 40% of patients chronically infected with HCV, the mode of transmission is still unknown. So the aim of this study was to detect the presence of HCV genome in the tear fluid of the patients with chronic HCV infection which may be a source of infection and to investigate the tear film function and stability in these patients. This study was done on 50 chronic active hepatitis C patients and 20 healthy subjects as a control group. The studied groups were subjected to full ophthalmological examination, liver function tests, qualitative detection of HCV-RNA in the serum and tear fluid by PCR and quantitative measurement of HCV-RNA in serum. Schirmer's test and Break Up Time (BUT) show statistically significant decreased values in patients with +ve HCV RNA in their sera, while Rose Bengal scoring test show significant increased values. These results become more pronounced in patients with +ve HCV RNA in their tears. The viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR in the tear samples in 26 patients out of the 50 studied patients (52%) and most of cases with +ve HCV RNA in tears were associated with severe viraemia. We concluded that HCV-RNA was detected in the tear fluid quite frequently. This fluid therefore may be potentially responsible for non-blood transmission of the hepatitis C virus. This study also indicated that HCV-RNA play a role in development of the dry eye in those patients. So we recommended screening for HCV-RNA in patients with unexplained dry eye and appropriate disinfection of equipment in ophthalmological practice to avoid viral transmission.
Sequential Expectancy in Visual Search

An experiment was designed to determine whether there was a sequential expectancy effect in visual search by which subjects carried over an expectation of the duration of the search from one trial to the next and produced a shorter search time on the nth trial if the (n-1)th trial had had a search time of similar magnitude. Search time was controlled by the surreptitious insertion of lags between the onset of the background (i.e., start of search) and the actual appearance of the target. Post-target search time (total search time minus lag) was then used as the dependent variable. Three lags (0, 7.5, and 15 s) were used in a random order. Two effects emerged. Post-target search time was found to be reduced if the previous trial had used the same lag as the given trial; and post-target search time was found to increase with lag. Both effects were explained by the construction of a sequential expectancy model.