Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Administration of 100% Oxygen Before Removal of the Laryngeal Mask Airway Does Not Affect Postanesthetic Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen

Breathing 100% oxygen at the end of general anesthesia has been shown to worsen postoperative pulmonary gas exchange when an endotracheal tube is used. Counter measures, such as high positive end-expiratory pressure or the vital-capacity maneuver, may limit this effect. Such strategies, however, may be impracticable, or even contraindicated, when the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is used. Because of the vast differences in design between the LMA and endotracheal tube, we examined postanesthetic blood gas tensions in patients after emergence from anesthesia breathing oxygen via LMA. Sixty-four ASA physical status I–II patients undergoing general anesthesia for 60 min with LMA were randomly assigned to receive either 100% or 30% oxygen during emergence from anesthesia and removal of LMA. Postoperative blood gas measurements were taken at 30 and 60 min after removal of the LMA. At either measurement, patients treated with 100% oxygen essentially had the same arterial partial pressure of oxygen (60-min measurement: 83 ± 8 versus 85 ± 7 mm Hg [mean ± sd], P = 0.14) as those treated with 30% oxygen. We conclude that breathing 100% oxygen at the end of general anesthesia does not worsen postoperative pulmonary gas exchange when an LMA is used.
The Ultimate Condition to Generalize Monotonicity for Uniform Convergence of Trigonometric Series

Chaundy and Jolliffe [1] proved that if {a_n} is a non-increasing (monotonic) real sequence with lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} a_n = 0, then a necessary and sufficient condition for the uniform convergence of the series \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n sin nx is lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} n a_n = 0. We generalize (or weaken) the monotonic condition in this well-known result to the so-called mean value bounded variation condition and prove that the generalized condition cannot be weakened further. We also establish an analogue to the generalized Chaundy and Jolliffe theorem in the complex space.
Comparison of Expression of Cathepsins B and L and MMP2 in Endothelial Cells and in Capillary Sprouting in Collagen Gel

The lysosomal cysteine proteinases cathepsins B and L are known to play an important role in the invasive growth of tumor cells, but their association with angiogenesis has been less well studied. The aim of this study was to determine the possible role of endothelial cell-associated cathepsins B and L in induced capillary growth in the aorta ring model of angiogenesis. Specific inhibitors of cysteine proteinases did not inhibit capillary growth in aorta ring culture and only slightly inhibited the degradation of surrounding collagen. In contrast, strong inhibition of both processes by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-94 was observed, indicating the importance of endogenous MMP production in angiogenesis. In support of this finding, we demonstrated a significant increase in endogenous endothelial mRNA of MMP2, but not of cathepsins B and L, in proliferating primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-d) in culture. However, MMP2 mRNA expression was increased only when the cells were embedded in collagen but not when they were grown on plastic, regardless of the addition of the growth factors VEGF or bFGF. Moreover, on plastic the impairment of MMP2 induction by growth factors was observed. The differential effect of growth factors implies the crosstalk with integrin signaling as a consequence of binding to the different matrix. This study suggests that endothelial cell-associated cathepsins B and L are not involved in the invasive growth of capillaries from existing blood vessels and that the presence of collagen is necessary for MMP2 expression in endothelial cells.
Ischemic stroke in Korean young adults

Objectives– To evaluate the characteristics of ischemic stroke in Korean young adults. Material and methods– We prospectively studied 149 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke aged between 15 to 44 years who were admitted to Asan Medical Center. All patients underwent brain CT/MRI and the majority of them underwent cerebral angiogram, echocardiography and laboratory studies for coagulopathy and vasculitis. Stroke subtypes were classified according to TOAST criteria. Results– In our study, men (75.2%) significantly outnumbered women. Stroke subtypes were: large artery atherosclerosis 20.8%, small artery occlusive disease 17.4%, cardioembolism 18.1%, undetermined causes 16.8%, and other determined etiologies 26.8%. The prevalence of hypertension, cigarette smoking and habitual alcohol consumption was significantly higher in men than in women. Conclusions– Compared to the Western studies, the deviation of sex ratio and the relative proportion of large artery atherosclerosis/small artery occlusion was higher. Heavy exposure to risk factors such as hypertension and cigarette smoking in Korean young men may explain these differences.
The differential incorporation of labelled linoleic, γ‐linolenic, dihomo‐γ‐linolenic and arachidonic acids into the developing rat brain

THE BRAIN is a lipid-rich organ containing up to 6006 lipid on a dry-weight basis. Its fatty acid composition is unique: brain phosphoglycerides are rich in the C20 and C22 polyunsaturated acids derived from the dietary essential fatty acids-Iinoleic (18:2 w 6) and a-linolenic acids (18:3w3). In all the species so far studied both the latter acids are present in trace amounts (< 1; of the total fatty acids) while arachidonic acid (20:4 w 6 ) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 ni 3) constitute respectively up to 147; and 251, of the total fatty acids of ethanolamine phosphoglyceride fractions (CRAWFORD & SINCLAIR, 1972). In the rat it has been shown that both 20:406 and 2 2 : 6 0 ~ 3 accumulate in the brain lipids of the suckling pups during the active period of brain growth and between 60 to SO", of the adult values of these acids are present in the brain phosphoglycerides at the time of weaning (SINCLAIR & CUAWFORD. 1972). Arachidonic acid is synthesized from linoleic acid via a pathway involving desaturation, chain elongation and desaturation:
The effect of thermal aging on the electrical breakdown strength of crosslinked polyethylene

Over the last several decades, lifetime models for crosslinked polyethylene based insulations have been developed based on the combined effects of aging under thermal and electrical stresses. Several of these models include a threshold electrical stress below which no aging occurs, though other modes of aging such as thermo-oxidative aging are still present. The thermo-oxidative aging of crosslinked polyethylene that affects the mechanical properties of tensile strength and elongation at different temperatures can be modeled using the Arrhenius equation. This oxidative model can be used to predict the thermo-oxidative “lifetime” under service conditions at which time the material's mechanical properties are severely degraded. Some researchers have drawn `apparent' correlations between decrease in mechanical strength and decrease in electrical strength after thermal aging as a means to construct a thermal endurance curve. However, a generalization of such an approach is questioned relative to lifetime predictions for failure mechanisms involving electrical breakdown. This study assesses the impact of degree of oxidative degradation on the AC dielectric strength of crosslinked polyethylene. The results clarify the utility of thermal oxidative aging with respect to combined aging models for prediction of the electrical “lifetime” of crosslinked polyethylene.
The limits of selection under plant domestication

Plant domestication involved a process of selection through human agency of a series of traits collectively termed the domestication syndrome. Current debate concerns the pace at which domesticated plants emerged from cultivated wild populations and how many genes were involved. Here we present simulations that test how many genes could have been involved by considering the cost of selection. We demonstrate the selection load that can be endured by populations increases with decreasing selection coefficients and greater numbers of loci down to values of about s = 0.005, causing a driving force that increases the number of loci under selection. As the number of loci under selection increases, an effect of co-selection increases resulting in individual unlinked loci being fixed more rapidly in out-crossing populations, representing a second driving force to increase the number of loci under selection. In inbreeding systems co-selection results in interference and reduced rates of fixation but does not reduce the size of the selection load that can be endured. These driving forces result in an optimum pace of genome evolution in which 50-100 loci are the most that could be under selection in a cultivation regime. Furthermore, the simulations do not preclude the existence of selective sweeps but demonstrate that they come at a cost of the selection load that can be endured and consequently a reduction of the capacity of plants to adapt to new environments, which may contribute to the explanation of why selective sweeps have been so rarely detected in genome studies.
Lower extremity muscle quality and gait variability in older adults.

BACKGROUND it is not clear if gait variability is linked to muscle strength or muscle quality (MQ). This study examined the relation between leg strength and lower extremity MQ and gait variability in healthy ambulatory older adults. METHODS seventy-two older adults (43 females and 29 males; age: 69.5 ± 6.1 years) underwent assessments of gait, leg strength and body composition. Leg strength was assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). MQ was calculated from the information muscle strength and body composition. Gait was assessed by having the subjects walk down a pressure sensitive walkway at self-selected normal speed. Variability of spatial and temporal parameters of gait was calculated. RESULTS there were minimal correlations between muscle strength and spatial parameters. However, both lower leg and upper leg MQ were negatively associated with spatial (r's = -0.24 to -0.49, P < 0.05) and temporal gait variability (r's = -0.27 to -0.35, P < 0.05). Also, lower leg MQ was found to be a better predictor of gait variability than upper leg MQ. CONCLUSIONS the results highlight that MQ may be an important determinant of gait function, even in healthy older adults.
Paractin interferes with T cell activation and reduces Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Mouse *

Paractin is a proprietary blend of Andrographolide, 14-DeoxyAndrographolides, and NeoAndrographolides, a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone derived from extracts of Andrographis paniculata, a plant indigenous to South Asian countries that shows anti-inflammatory properties. The molecular and cellular bases for this immunomodulatory capacity remain unknown. Here we show that Paractin is able to downmodulate both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses. In vitro, this molecule was able to interfere with T cell proliferation and cytokine release in response to allogenic stimulation. These results were consistent with the observation that T cell activation by dendritic cells (DCs) was completely abolished by exposing DCs to Paractin during antigen pulse. This molecule was able to interfere with maturation of DCs and with their ability to present antigens to T cells. Furthermore, in vivo immune responses such as antibody response to a thymus-dependent antigen and delayed type hypersensitivity were drastically diminished in mice by Paractin treatment. Finally, the ability of Paractin to inhibit T cell activation was applied to interfere with the onset of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis, an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is primarily mediated by CD4+ T cells and serves as an animal model for human Multiple Sclerosis. Treatment with Paractin was able to significantly reduce EAE symptoms in mice by inhibiting T cell and antibody responses directed to myelin antigens. Our data suggest that Paractin is able to efficiently interfere in vitro and in vivo with T cell activation, a feature that could be useful for interfering with detrimental T cell responses.
Study of the Determinants of Vitamin D Status in Pediatric Patients With Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Objective: Vitamin D is essential to the development and maintenance of the skeleton, especially for children with bone disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). We evaluated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels to assess the relationship between determinants of vitamin D status in pediatric patients with OI. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated sex, age, weight, height, body mass index, OI type, sunscreen use, season of assessment, sun exposure, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, bisphosphonate treatment, bone mineral density (BMD), milk and soda consumption, mobility, and time of sedentary activity. Levels of serum 25-OHD, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed. Serum levels of 25-OHD were classified according to sufficient (>30 ng/ml or 75 nmol/L), insufficient (20–30 ng/ml or 50–75 nmol/L), moderately deficient (20–10 ng/ml or 50–25 nmol/L), and severely deficient (<10 ng/ml or 25 nmol/L). Results: Fifty-two patients were included and 46 (88.4%) were classified as having insufficient or deficient 25-OHD. An inverse correlation between serum 25-OHD and time of sedentary activity (r = −0.597, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation with height (r = 0.521, p = 0.046) and whole body BMD (r = 0.586, p = 0.022) were observed. A significant difference between the number of glasses of milk consumed (p = 0.010) was observed. Conclusion: To optimize bone health, patients with OI need to be educated regarding habits that can improve serum 25-OHD levels, such as a reduction in periods of inactivity, the importance of sun exposure, and increasing consumption of milk and fortified dairy products.
Femoropopliteal artery stent placement: evaluation of long-term success.

PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term success of femoropopliteal artery stent placement after technical failure of balloon angioplasty and to determine potential factors predictive of stent failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 80 patients, flexible tantalum stents were implanted for treatment of residual stenosis greater than 30% after balloon angioplasty of femoropopliteal artery stenoses (n = 33) or occlusions (n = 47). Follow-up examinations were performed at 1-72 months to evaluate early and late stent failure according to risk factors such as lesion type, anatomic location, stent length, runoff quality, and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. RESULTS Early stent thrombosis occurred within 10 days after stent placement in four (5%) patients; the frequency was higher (P < .01) in stents longer than 4 cm (14%) versus that in stents 4 cm or shorter (2%). For all stents, the 2-year primary patency rate was 51% and the 3-year rate was 48%. The 2-year primary patency rate was significantly better (P < .05) for shorter stents (59%) versus that for longer stents (30%) and for treated stenoses (73%) versus treated occlusions (33%). Multivariate analysis revealed that lesion type and lesion length were the most reliable factors predictive of stent failure. CONCLUSION Successful stent therapy does not seem to depend on the type of stent used but rather on lesion type, lesion length, and other predisposing factors.
Quantifying the biologically possible range of steady-state soil and surface climates with climate model simulations

The terrestrial biosphere shapes the exchange fluxes of energy and mass at the land surface. The diversity of plant form and functioning can potentially result in a wide variety of possible climatic conditions at the land surface and in the soil, which in turn feed back to more or less suitable conditions for terrestrial productivity. Here, I use sensitivity simulations to vegetation form and functioning with a global climate model to quantify this possible range of steady-states (“PROSS”) of the surface energy-and mass balances. The surface energy-and water balances over land are associated with substantial sensitivity to vegetation parameters, with precipitation varying by more than a factor of 2, and evapotranspiration by a factor of 5. This range in biologically possible climatic conditions is associated with drastically different levels of vegetation productivity. Optimum conditions for maximum productivity are close to the simulated climate of present-day conditions. These results suggest the conclusions that (a) climate does not determine vegetation form and function, but merely constrains it, and (b) the emergent climatic conditions at the land surface seem to be close to optimal for the functioning of the terrestrial biosphere.
A highly sensitive miR-195 nanobiosensor for early detection of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Early detection of Parkinson’s disease (PD), as a dangerous neurodegenerative disease, is a key factor in the therapy or prevention of further development of this disease. We developed an electrochemical nanobiosensor for early detection of PD based on the quantification of circulating biomarker, miR-195. Exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO) and gold nanowires (GNWs) were used to modify the surface of screen-printed carbon electrode. A single-strand thiolated probe was designed for specific hybridization with target miRNA (miR-195), and doxorubicin was used as an electrochemical indicator for differential pulse voltammetry measurements. The results of scanning electron microscope imaging and cyclic voltammetry experiments confirmed the accuracy of the working electrode modification steps. The results of analytical performance nanobiosensor showed a high sensitivity of the biosensing with 2.9 femtomolar detection limit and dynamic range of 10.0–900.0 femtomolar. In addition, good selectivity for target miRNA over non-specific oligonucleotides (one and three base replacement in target miRNA, and non-complementary) was achieved. The results of real human serum analysis did not show any interference in the function of the biosensor. Based on the results, the miR-195 electrochemical nanobiosensor could be suggested for clinicians in the medical diagnosis of PD.
A rotating coil transducer for magnetic field mapping

A rotating coil transducer for local measurements of magnetic field quality in magnets is proposed. The transducer is based on (i) reduced-dimension rotating coils, as required e.g. for space charge computations, (ii) accurate transport, for longitudinal displacements inside the magnet aperture, and (iii) components with magnetic compatibility for negligible interference of the measurand field. This allows magnetic measurement requirements arisen from recently developed compact accelerator systems (with curvature radii of less than 5 m) for biomedical applications and physics research to be satisfied. In the paper, after presenting requirements and conceptual design, the architecture of the transducer is illustrated. Then, the experimental validation by tests of magnetic compatibility and rotation uniformity is reported. Finally, experimental results of repeatability, accuracy, and resolution in comparison with a reference system are discussed.
Human reserve pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells are present in the connective tissues of skeletal muscle and dermis derived from fetal, adult, and geriatric donors

This study details the profile of 13 cell surface cluster differentiation markers on human reserve stem cells derived from connective tissues. Stem cells were isolated from the connective tissues of dermis and skeletal muscle derived from fetal, mature, and geriatric humans. An insulin/dexamethasone phenotypic bioassay was used to determine the identity of the stem cells from each population. All populations contained lineage‐committed myogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic progenitor stem cells as well as lineage‐uncommitted pluripotent stem cells capable of forming muscle, adipocytes, cartilage, bone, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Flow cytometric analysis of adult stem cell populations revealed positive staining for CD34 and CD90 and negative staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11c, CD33, CD36, CD38, CD45, CD117, Glycophorin‐A, and HLA DR‐II. Anat Rec 264:51–62, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential Kinetics of Cell Surface Loss of von Willebrand Factor and Its Propolypeptide after Secretion from Weibel-Palade Bodies in Living Human Endothelial Cells*

The time course for cell surface loss of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and the propolypeptide of VWF (proregion) following exocytosis of individual Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) from single human endothelial cells was analyzed. Chimeras of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and full-length pre-pro-VWF (VWF-EGFP) or the VWF propolypeptide (proregion-EGFP) were made and expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Expression of VWF-EGFP or proregion-EGFP resulted in fluorescent rod-shaped organelles that recruited the WPB membrane markers P-selectin and CD63. The WPB secretagogue histamine evoked exocytosis of these fluorescent WPBs and extracellular release of VWF-EGFP or proregion-EGFP. Secreted VWF-EGFP formed distinctive extracellular patches of fluorescence that were labeled with an extracellular antibody to VWF. The half-time for dispersal of VWF-EGFP from extracellular patches was 323.5 ± 146.2 s (±S.D., n = 20 WPBs). In contrast, secreted proregion-EGFP did not form extracellular patches but dispersed rapidly from its site of release. The half-time for dispersal of proregion-EGFP following WPB exocytosis was 2.98 ± 1.88 s (±S.D., n = 32 WPBs). The slow rate of loss of VWF-EGFP is consistent with the adhesive nature of this protein for the endothelial membrane. The much faster rate of loss of proregion-EGFP indicates that this protein does not interact strongly with extracellular VWF or the endothelial membrane and consequently may not play an adhesive role at the endothelial cell surface.