Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of strength training on regional body composition in older adults: Sex and race comparisons

Title of Document: THE EFFECTS OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON REGIONAL BODY COMPOSITION IN OLDER ADULTS: SEX AND RACE COMPARISONS Cory Thomas Walts, Masters of Arts, 2007 Directed By: Professor Ben F. Hurley, PhD Department of Kinesiology Purpose: To examine the influence of sex and race on the effects of strength training (ST) on thigh muscle volume (MV), mid-thigh subcutaneous fat (SCF) and intermuscular fat (IMF). Methods: One hundred and eighty-one previously inactive healthy Caucasian (N=117), African-American (N=54), and other (N=10) men (N=82) and women (N=99), aged 50-85 yrs, underwent ~10 weeks of unilateral knee extension ST. Results: Training-induced increases in absolute MV were significantly greater (P < 0.01) in men than in women. There were significant increases in MV within each race (P < 0.001); but no significant differences between races. There were no significant changes in SCF and IMF whether sex and racial groups were separated or combined. In addition, there was no sex by race interaction for changes in MV, SCF, or IMF with ST. Conclusion: Ten weeks of unilateral strength training does not alter subcutaneous or intermuscular fat regardless of sex or racial differences. Although men exhibit a greater muscle hypertrophic response to strength training compared to women, the difference is small. Race does not influence this response. EFFECTS OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON REGIONAL BODY COMPOSITION IN OLDER ADULTS: SEX AND RACE COMPARISONS
Systematic and meta-analytic review of research examining the impact of menstrual cycle phase and ovarian hormones on smoking and cessation.

INTRODUCTION To determine the effect of ovarian hormones on smoking, we conducted a systematic review of menstrual cycle effects on smoking (i.e., ad lib smoking, smoking topography, and subjective effects) and cessation-related behaviors (i.e., cessation, withdrawal, tonic craving, and cue-induced craving). METHODS Thirty-six papers were identified on MEDLINE that included a menstrual-related search term (e.g., menstrual cycle, ovarian hormones), a smoking-related search term (e.g., smoking, nicotine), and met all inclusion criteria. Thirty-two studies examined menstrual phase, 1 study measured hormone levels, and 3 studies administered progesterone. RESULTS Sufficient data were available to conduct meta-analyses for only 2 of the 7 variables: withdrawal and tonic craving. Women reported greater withdrawal during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase, and there was a nonsignificant trend for greater tonic craving in the luteal phase. Progesterone administration was associated with decreased positive and increased negative subjective effects of nicotine. Studies of menstrual phase effects on the other outcome variables were either small in number or yielded mixed outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The impact of menstrual cycle phase on smoking behavior and cessation is complicated, and insufficient research is available upon which to conduct meta-analyses on most smoking outcomes. Future progress will require collecting ovarian hormone levels to more precisely quantify the impact of dynamic changes in hormone levels through the cycle on smoking behavior. Clarifying the relationship between hormones and smoking-particularly related to quitting, relapse, and medication response-could determine the best type and timing of interventions to improve quit rates for women.
Early and multiple origins of metastatic lineages within primary tumors

Significance The knowledge that cancer is an evolutionary process is old, but only recently can sequencing technology provide data for clinically relevant evolutionary analyses of cancer. Approaches developed for evolutionary biology can reveal the relationship among clonal lineages, the ancestral states of gene sequences, and the timing of evolutionary events. We performed whole exome sequencing of cancer tissues from multiple sites of dozens of subjects, demonstrating nonlinear patterns of tumor progression and early origins of metastatic lineages and quantifying the times of occurrence of driver mutations. These findings direct research attention away from the search for genes that induce metastasis toward genes that are mutated early in tumorigenesis, providing therapeutic targets effective against both primary tumors and metastases. Many aspects of the evolutionary process of tumorigenesis that are fundamental to cancer biology and targeted treatment have been challenging to reveal, such as the divergence times and genetic clonality of metastatic lineages. To address these challenges, we performed tumor phylogenetics using molecular evolutionary models, reconstructed ancestral states of somatic mutations, and inferred cancer chronograms to yield three conclusions. First, in contrast to a linear model of cancer progression, metastases can originate from divergent lineages within primary tumors. Evolved genetic changes in cancer lineages likely affect only the proclivity toward metastasis. Single genetic changes are unlikely to be necessary or sufficient for metastasis. Second, metastatic lineages can arise early in tumor development, sometimes long before diagnosis. The early genetic divergence of some metastatic lineages directs attention toward research on driver genes that are mutated early in cancer evolution. Last, the temporal order of occurrence of driver mutations can be inferred from phylogenetic analysis of cancer chronograms, guiding development of targeted therapeutics effective against primary tumors and metastases.
Ti‐Substituted NaNi0.5Mn0.5‐xTixO2 Cathodes with Reversible O3−P3 Phase Transition for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as potential candidates for stationary energy storage because of the low cost and wide availability of Na sources. O3‐type layered oxides have been considered as one of the most promising cathodes for SIBs. However, they commonly show inevitable complicated phase transitions and sluggish kinetics, incurring rapid capacity decline and poor rate capability. Here, a series of sodium‐sufficient O3‐type NaNi0.5Mn0.5‐ x Ti x O2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) cathodes for SIBs is reported and the mechanisms behind their excellent electrochemical performance are studied in comparison to those of their respective end‐members. The combined analysis of in situ X‐ray diffraction, ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy for NaNi0.5Mn0. 2Ti0.3O2 reveals that the O3‐type phase transforms reversibly into a P3‐type phase upon Na+ deintercalation/intercalation. The substitution of Ti for Mn enlarges interslab distance and could restrain the unfavorable and irreversible multiphase transformation in the high voltage regions that is usually observed in O3‐type NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2, resulting in improved Na cell performance. This integration of macroscale and atomicscale engineering strategy might open up the modulation of the chemical and physical properties in layered oxides and grasp new insight into the optimal design of high‐performance cathode materials for SIBs.
PENGARUH LATIHAN ROM (RANGE OF MOTION) PASIF TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEKUATAN OTOT PADA PASIEN STROKE DENGAN HEMIPARASE

ABSTRAK Kelemahan Â otot Â merupakan Â dampak Â terbesar Â pada Â pasien Â stroke Â untuk Â itu Â diperlukan Â latihanÂ ROM Â pasif Â dengan Â tujuan Â untuk Â mempertahankan Â atau Â memelihara Â kekuatan Â otot,Â memelihara Â mobilitas Â persendian Â dan Â mestimulasi Â sirkulasi. Â Dengan Â adanya Â peningkatanÂ angka Â kejadian Â stroke Â dan Â kecacatan Â tersebut, Â apabila Â latihan Â ROM Â pasif Â tidak Â dilaksanakanÂ maka Â akan Â terjadi Â penurunan Â kekuatan Â otot, Â atropi Â otot, Â kontraktur Â dan Â luka Â dekubitus. Â Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan ROM pasif terhadap peningkatanÂ kekuatan Â otot Â pada Â pasien Â stroke Â dengan Â hemiparase Â di Â RSUD Â Jombang. Â Â Desain Â penelitianÂ yang digunakan adalah Â Pra-Eksperiment (One-Group Pra-Post Test Design). Jumlah sampelÂ 17 Â responden Â dengan Â tehnik Â sampling Â Purposive Â sampling. Â Variabel Â independent Â LatihanÂ ROM Â pasif Â sedangkan Â variabel Â dependent Â adalah Â peningkatan Â kekuatan Â otot. Â Penelitian Â iniÂ menggunakan uji statistik Repeated Anova. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaanÂ antara kekuatan otot sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan latihan ROM pasif 2x sehari pada pasienÂ stroke Â dengan Â hemiparase, Â dengan Â nilai Â sig. = Â 0.000. Â Kesimpulan Â yang Â dapat Â diambil Â dariÂ penelitian ini ada pengaruh latihan ROM pasif 2x sehari terhadap peningkatan kekuatan ototÂ pada pasien stroke dengan hemiparase. Kata kunci : hemiparase, kekuatan otot, latihan ROM pasif, stroke. ABSTRACT Muscle Â weakness Â is Â the Â impact Â on Â stroke Â so Â passive Â ROM Â exercises Â were Â necessary Â to Â maintainÂ muscle Â strength, Â maintain Â joint Â mobility Â and Â stimuli Â circulation. Â Â With Â an Â increase Â in Â theÂ incidence Â of Â stroke Â and Â disability, Â if Â the Â passive Â ROM Â exercises Â are Â not Â implemented Â thereÂ will Â be Â a Â decrease Â in Â muscle Â strength, Â muscle Â atrophy, Â contractures Â and Â woundÂ dukubitus.This Â study Â Â to Â determine Â the Â effect Â of Â passive Â ROM Â exercises Â to Â increase Â muscleÂ strength Â in Â stroke Â patients Â with Â hemiparase Â dipaviliun Â Jombang Â hospitals. Â Research Â designÂ used is pre-experiment (One-Group Pre-Post Test Design). 17 respondents with a purposiveÂ sampling Â technique Â of Â sampling. Â Passive Â ROM Â exercises Â independent Â variable Â while Â theÂ dependent Â variable Â is Â Â muscle Â strength. Â This Â study Â uses Â a Â statistical Â test Â of Â Repeated Â Anova. Â Results Â of Â analysis Â show Â that Â there Â is Â a Â difference Â between Â muscle Â strength Â before Â and Â afterÂ passive ROM exercises 2x a day in stroke patients with hemiparase, Â with the sig. = 0000. TheÂ conclusion to be drawn from this study have the effect of passive ROM exercises 2x a day toÂ increase muscle strength in stroke patients with hemiparase. Key words: Â hemiparase, muscle strength, passive ROM exercises, stroke
El error médico en la prescripción de medicamentos y el impacto de una intervención educativa

El error medico se define como la falla de una accion planeada, para ser completada como se pretende, o un plan equivocado que puede generar costos extras para el hospital y el paciente. Existen diferentes tipos de error medico, uno de ellos es en la prescripcion de medicamentos. Material y metodos. Se realizo un estudio comparativo en dos fases; en la primera se determino la frecuencia y causas del error en la medicacion; en la segunda se analizo la respuesta a medidas correctivas. En la primera fase se revisaron los expedientes de pacientes hospitalizados en las diferentes areas de la Subdireccion de Pediatria en un periodo de dos meses. Se cuantifico el porcentaje de errores en la medicacion, tipo de error, farmacos, dia de la semana, horario y via de administracion. Con los resultados se aplicaron acciones correctivas; posteriormente se realizo la segunda fase del estudio para determinar el porcentaje de disminucion. Se utilizo estadistica descriptiva, pruebas de Chi cuadrada y t de Student. Resultados. En la primera fase se revisaron 232 expedientes, 57.3% tuvieron uno o mas errores, con un total de 397, que corresponde a 2.9 por expediente. En la segunda fase se analizaron 226 expedientes, detectando 17.6% con errores, 111 en total, y de 2.7 por expediente. La disminucion por expediente fue en 41.7%, y en el total 71% con diferencia significativa (P < 0.05), mientras que en errores por expediente solo disminuyo 3.5% con una P no significativa. Conclusion. Se demuestra que las actividades de supervision y verificacion en las indicaciones medicas, apegandose a protocolos de atencion medica, rutas criticas y manuales de prescripcion pediatrica, si influyen en la disminucion del error en la prescripcion, dandose a conocer un decalogo de seguridad del paciente pediatrico
Plasma levels of p53 protein and chromosomal aberrations in patients with psoriasis treated with the Goeckerman regimen

The Goeckerman regimen (GR) is one of the oldest effective treatments for psoriasis. It involves daily dermal application of crude coal tar with dermal exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A study was carried out to evaluate the genotoxic risk of GR by comparing p53 protein plasma level and chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral lymphocytes in 33 patients with psoriasis, before and after GR. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was used to evaluate the efficacy of GR. PASI significantly decreased after GR (P < 0.001), confirming the excellent efficacy of the treatment, However, significant increases in level of p53 protein (P < 0.05) and CA (P < 0.001) after treatment indicates that this method carries an increased genotoxic risk in patients with psoriasis.
Skin‐Inspired Multifunctional Autonomic‐Intrinsic Conductive Self‐Healing Hydrogels with Pressure Sensitivity, Stretchability, and 3D Printability

The advent of conductive self‐healing (CSH) hydrogels, a class of novel materials mimicking human skin, may change the trajectory of the industrial process because of their potential applications in soft robots, biomimetic prostheses, and health‐monitoring systems. Here, the development of a mechanically and electrically self‐healing hydrogel based on physically and chemically cross‐linked networks is reported. The autonomous intrinsic self‐healing of the hydrogel is attained through dynamic ionic interactions between carboxylic groups of poly(acrylic acid) and ferric ions. A covalent cross‐linking is used to support the mechanical structure of the hydrogel. Establishing a fair balance between the chemical and physical cross‐linking networks together with the conductive nanostructure of polypyrrole networks leads to a double network hydrogel with bulk conductivity, mechanical and electrical self‐healing properties (100% mechanical recovery in 2 min), ultrastretchability (1500%), and pressure sensitivity. The practical potential of CSH hydrogels is further revealed by their application in human motion detection and their 3D‐printing performance.
From the Cover: Two distinct cytokinesis pathways drive trypanosome cell division initiation from opposite cell ends

Cytokinesis in Trypanosoma brucei, an early branching protozoan, occurs along its longitudinal axis uni-directionally from the anterior tip of the new flagellum attachment zone filament toward the cell’s posterior end. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we report that cytokinesis in T. brucei is regulated by a concerted action of Polo-like kinase, Aurora B kinase, and a trypanosome-specific protein CIF1. Phosphorylation of CIF1 by Polo-like kinase targets it to the anterior tip of the new flagellum attachment zone filament, where it subsequently recruits Aurora B kinase to initiate cytokinesis. Consistent with its role, CIF1 depletion inhibits cytokinesis initiation from the anterior end of the cell, but, surprisingly, triggers cytokinesis initiation from the posterior end of the cell, suggesting the activation of an alternative cytokinesis from the opposite cell end. Our results reveal the mechanistic roles of CIF1 and Polo-like kinase in cytokinesis initiation and elucidate the mechanism underlying the recruitment of Aurora B kinase to the cytokinesis initiation site at late anaphase. These findings also delineate a signaling cascade controlling cytokinesis initiation from the anterior end of the cell and uncover a backup cytokinesis that is initiated from the posterior end of the cell when the typical anterior-to-posterior cytokinesis is compromised.
Enhancement of β-catenin activity by BIG1 plus BIG2 via Arf activation and cAMP signals

Significance Transcriptional coactivator β-catenin promotes cell proliferation in development and tumorigenesis, via actions enhanced by PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation of its C-terminal region S675. Specific phosphorylation near the N terminus triggers ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Depletion of HeLa cell brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (BIG)1 and/or BIG2 impaired β-catenin S675 phosphorylation and its transcriptional effects, as well as ADP-ribosylation factor activation-enhanced phospholipase D activity and vesicular trafficking, both required for restoration of transcriptional activation by appropriate BIG protein overexpression in depleted cells. We propose that interaction of β-catenin–bound BIG1 with BIG2 and its associated PKA complex, simultaneously or sequentially, are required for phosphorylation of S675, with nuclear entry of activated β-catenin followed by its acceleration of T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family gene transcription. Multifunctional β-catenin, with critical roles in both cell–cell adhesion and Wnt-signaling pathways, was among HeLa cell proteins coimmunoprecipitated by antibodies against brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange factors 1 and 2 (BIG1 or BIG2) that activate ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) by accelerating the replacement of bound GDP with GTP. BIG proteins also contain A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) sequences that can act as scaffolds for multimolecular assemblies that facilitate and limit cAMP signaling temporally and spatially. Direct interaction of BIG1 N-terminal sequence with β-catenin was confirmed using yeast two-hybrid assays and in vitro synthesized proteins. Depletion of BIG1 and/or BIG2 or overexpression of guanine nucleotide-exchange factor inactive mutant, but not wild-type, proteins interfered with β-catenin trafficking, leading to accumulation at perinuclear Golgi structures. Both phospholipase D activity and vesicular trafficking were required for effects of BIG1 and BIG2 on β-catenin activation. Levels of PKA-phosphorylated β-catenin S675 and β-catenin association with PKA, BIG1, and BIG2 were also diminished after BIG1/BIG2 depletion. Inferring a requirement for BIG1 and/or BIG2 AKAP sequence in PKA modification of β-catenin and its effect on transcription activation, we confirmed dependence of S675 phosphorylation and transcription coactivator function on BIG2 AKAP-C sequence.
Sex Differences in Varenicline Efficacy for Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION Women have lower rates of quitting than men with both bupropion and nicotine replacement. It is unknown whether varenicline demonstrates differential efficacy for men and women. The purpose of this study was to conduct the first comprehensive meta-analysis of clinical trial data examining sex differences in the efficacy of varenicline for smoking cessation. METHODS Searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO, 17 of 43 clinical trials of varenicline for smoking cessation published through December 31, 2014 were low-bias randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Data (n = 6710 smokers, 34% female, n = 16 studies, 96% of available data) was analyzed with Metafor program in R. Outcome endpoints were 7-day point-prevalence (PP) and continuous-abstinence (CA) at week 12 (end of treatment), week 24 (6-month follow-up), and week 52 (12-month follow-up). RESULTS Using placebo, women were less likely than men to quit (PP-12, CA-24; P < .05 for sex). Using varenicline, similar rates of abstinence for men and women were demonstrated for all six outcomes (eg, PP-12 abstinence rates were 53% in both women and men). Varenicline versus placebo outcomes demonstrated that varenicline was more effective for women for short and intermediate outcomes (PP-12, CA-12, CA-24; P < .05 sex × medication interaction). For end-of-treatment PP, varenicline was 46% more effective for women. For continuous abstinence, varenicline was 34% (CA-12) and 31% (CA-24) more effective for women. CONCLUSIONS Unlike other smoking cessation medications, varenicline demonstrated greater efficacy among women smokers for short and immediate-term outcomes and equal efficacy for 1-year outcomes. Varenicline may be particularly useful for reducing the sex disparity typically seen in rates of smoking cessation. IMPLICATIONS Varenicline is currently the most effective FDA-approved smoking cessation medication and this is the first demonstration that women compared with men have a preferred therapeutic response for a smoking cessation medication when considering short-term outcomes. Importantly, this is also the first demonstration that women have similar rates of quitting to men when considering longer-term, 1-year outcomes.
E-Cigarettes and the Drug Use Patterns of Adolescents.

INTRODUCTION This study examines the role of e-cigarettes in the drug use patterns of adolescents. Of specific interest is whether adolescent e-cigarette users fall into a group of (1) youth who do not use traditional drugs of abuse or (2) polysubstance users. METHODS Using latent class analysis, we identify major "classes" of substance users on the basis of recent use of e-cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, cigarettes, and prescription drugs. Analyses are conducted separately for adolescents in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades. Data come from 16 615 participants in the 2014 Monitoring the Future survey. RESULTS Youth who do not use traditional drugs of abuse account for about 50% of e-cigarette users in 8th grade, 35% in 10th grade, and 17% in 12th grade. These youth come from a large "low-level users" group found in each grade, characterized by low probability of use for all substances (e-cigarette probability in this group for 8th graders = .046; 10th graders = .071; 12th graders = .027). Other e-cigarette users come from a smaller, "poly-users" group found in each grade, characterized by high-to-moderate probabilities (.83-.21) of using e-cigarettes and other substances. Specific to 12th grade is a third, additional polysubstance group characterized by high likelihood of e-cigarette use (.93). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of e-cigarette users who do not use traditional drugs of abuse is larger at younger ages. Longitudinal panel studies starting at 8th and 10th grades may best inform the current debate on whether e-cigarette use is a risk or protective factor for future transition to the use of other substances. IMPLICATIONS The proportion of e-cigarette users who do not use traditional drugs of abuse is larger at younger ages. Longitudinal panel studies starting at 8th and 10th grades may best inform the current debate on whether e-cigarette use is a risk or protective factor for future transition to the use of other substances.
Near‐Unity Emitting Copper‐Doped Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Wells for Luminescent Solar Concentrators

Doping of bulk semiconductors has revealed widespread success in optoelectronic applications. In the past few decades, substantial effort has been engaged for doping at the nanoscale. Recently, doped colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been demonstrated to be promising materials for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) as they can be engineered for providing highly tunable and Stokes‐shifted emission in the solar spectrum. However, existing doped CQDs that are aimed for full solar spectrum LSCs suffer from moderately low quantum efficiency, intrinsically small absorption cross‐section, and gradually increasing absorption profiles coinciding with the emission spectrum, which together fundamentally limit their effective usage. Here, the authors show the first account of copper doping into atomically flat colloidal quantum wells (CQWs). In addition to Stokes‐shifted and tunable dopant‐induced photoluminescence emission, the copper doping into CQWs enables near‐unity quantum efficiencies (up to ≈97%), accompanied by substantially high absorption cross‐section and inherently step‐like absorption profile, compared to those of the doped CQDs. Based on these exceptional properties, the authors have demonstrated by both experimental analysis and numerical modeling that these newly synthesized doped CQWs are excellent candidates for LSCs. These findings may open new directions for deployment of doped CQWs in LSCs for advanced solar light harvesting technologies.