Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of self-reported leisure-time physical activity and measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in adolescents and adults.

BACKGROUND Systematic reviews and results of Statistics Canada surveys have shown a discrepancy between self-reported and measured physical activity. This study compares these two methods and examines specific activities to explain the limitations of each method. DATA AND METHODS Data are from cycle 1 (2007 to 2009) and cycle 2 (2009 to 2011) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. The survey involved an interview in the respondent's home and a visit to a mobile examination centre (MEC) for physical measurements. In a questionnaire, respondents were asked about 21 leisure-time physical activities. They were requested to wear an Actical accelerometer for seven days after the MEC visit. The analysis pertains to respondents aged 12 to 79 who wore the accelerometer for 10 or more hours on at least four days (n = 7,158). RESULTS Averages of self-reported leisure-time physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity measured by accelerometer were within a couple of minutes of each other. However, at the individual level, the difference between estimates could exceed 37.5 minutes per day in one direction or the other, and around 40% of the population met physical activity thresholds according to one measurement method, but not according to the other. The disagreement is supported by weak observed correlations. INTERPRETATION The lack of a systematic trend in the relationship between the two methods of measuring physical activity precludes the creation of correction factors or being confident in using one method instead of the other. Accelerometers and questionnaires measure different aspects of physical activity.
Dowry-related domestic violence and complex posttraumatic stress disorder: a case report

Objectives: This paper draws attention to the mental health impact of coercive practice of dowry demands, associated with domestic violence (DV) in an immigrant woman. Methods: This study was based on a case report and selective literature review. Results: This case history illustrates the serious mental health impacts of repeated emotional and physical trauma inflicted by a husband who was dissatisfied with his wife’s dowry. Bio-psycho-social / cultural aspects of mental health treatments needed to be augmented with attention to safety, advocacy, and access to support networks. Conclusions: Cultural factors are important determinants of mental illness. Psychiatrists need to be aware of DV and dowry when treating immigrant women.
Factors associated with hypertrophy of the lingual tonsils in adults with sleep-disordered breathing.

IMPORTANCE This study shows factors affecting lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) in sleep-disordered breathing. OBJECTIVE To identify the factors associated with LTH in adults with sleep-disordered breathing. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Academic tertiary referral center. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-seven adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea, who visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology sleep clinic, were included from February 2009 through August 2011. INTERVENTIONS All patients underwent WatchPAT (peripheral arterial tone) examination, endoscopic examination of the upper airway, simple skull lateral radiography, and cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sleep study of the upper airway tract. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prognostic factors indicating LTH in adults with sleep-disordered breathing. RESULTS A total of 97 subjects were included in this study. The median (interquartile range) apnea hypopnea index was 16.5/h (7.6/h-27.5/h). The median (interquartile range) thickness of the lingual tonsils as measured by MRI was 3.6 mm (1.9-5.2 mm) and 4.9 mm (2.9-6.7 mm) in the midline and paramidline of the tongue base, respectively (P < .001). Laryngopharyngeal reflux (reflux finding score >7) was present in 32 patients. The endoscopic grade of LTH agreed with the radiographic grade (κ = 0.731; P < .001). Lingual tonsil thickness as measured by MRI was correlated with the endoscopic grade of LTH (P < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that laryngopharyngeal reflux (P < .001) and body mass index (P = .046) were independently significant factors associated with LTH as measured by MRI. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Reflux finding score and body mass index were significantly associated with LTH in adults with sleep-disordered breathing, whereas the respiratory parameters were not associated with LTH.
Modifications of Monocyte Procoagulant Activity in Diabetes Mellitus

The severity of diabetes mellitus is mainly related to the development of microvascular or macrovascular complications. Hypercoagulability is an aggravating fac tor in this evolution and is the result of complex modifications of the hemostatic balance, including slight activation of coagulation, increased platelet reactivity, and decreased fibrinolysis. 1
The impossibility of finding relative complements for recursively enumerable degrees

J. R. Shoenfield conjectured in a talk at the Berkeley Model Theory Symposium (1963) that, if b and d are non-zero recursively enumerable (r.e.) degrees such that b < d then there exists an r.e. degree c such that c < d and b U c = d. G. E. Sacks echoed this conjecture at the end of [3]. In this paper the conjecture is disproved. We construct r.e. degrees b, d such that 0 < b < d and such that for no r.e. degree c is it true that c < d and b U c = d. We are grateful to G. E. Sacks for suggesting this problem.
Endoscopic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Repair: Is a Lumbar Drain Necessary?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the necessity for lumbar drains during endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea repair. METHODS: Thirty-three patients underwent endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea without a lumbar drain during a 7-year period. The size of the dural defect ranged from a microleak (less than 1 mm dural defect) to a 3-cm dural defect of the anterior skull base. RESULTS: All of the procedures in patients with smaller defects (<5 mm) were performed on an outpatient basis. Thirty-two patients (97%) had complete resolution of their CSF leak after 1 procedure without any recurrence (average follow-up 29 months). CONCLUSION: A lumbar drain is not routinely necessary for successful closure of CSF rhinorrhea of any size. Smaller dural defects may be safely performed on an outpatient basis without complications. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;121:745-50.)
Neuronal Disorders: Studies of Animal Models and Human Diseases

The peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system (CNS) are comprised of assemblies of neurons that communicate via electrical and chemical signals. Different disease processes selectively affect specific populations of neurons and/or specific cell functions (i.e., “selective vulnerability” of neurons is a principal determinant of phenotypes of disease). New cellular and molecular biological approaches have begun to clarify some of the mechanisms of selective cell injury in human diseases and their animal models. Following a brief review of the normal biology of nerve cells, we use illustrations drawn from studies of experimental and human diseases to discuss the mechanisms of structural/chemical abnormalities that occur in a variety of neuronal disorders.
Maintaining the Role of Humans in the Forecast Process

The Second Forum on the Future Role of the Human in the Forecast Process occurred on 2–3 August 2005 at the American Meteorological Society's Weather Analysis and Forecasting Conference in Washington, D.C. The forum consisted of three sessions. This paper discusses the second session, featuring three presentations on the cognitive and psychological aspects of expert weather forecasters. The first presentation discussed the learning gap between students (goal seekers) and teachers (knowledge seekers)—a similar gap exists between forecasters and researchers. In order to most effectively train students or forecasters, teachers must be able to teach across this gap using some methods described within. The second presentation discussed the heuristics involved in weather forecasting and decision making under time constraints and uncertainty. The final presentation classified the spectrum of forecasters from intuitive scientists to the disengaged. How information technology can best be adapted so as not to inhib.
A Cooperative Action of the ATP-Dependent Import Motor Complex and the Inner Membrane Potential Drives Mitochondrial Preprotein Import

ABSTRACT The import of mitochondrial preproteins requires an electric potential across the inner membrane and the hydrolysis of ATP in the matrix. We assessed the contributions of the two energy sources to the translocation driving force responsible for movement of the polypeptide chain through the translocation channel and the unfolding of preprotein domains. The import-driving activity was directly analyzed by the determination of the protease resistances of saturating amounts of membrane-spanning translocation intermediates. The ability to generate a strong translocation-driving force was solely dependent on the activity of the ATP-dependent import motor complex in the matrix. For a sustained import-driving activity on the preprotein in transit, an unstructured N-terminal segment of more than 70 to 80 amino acid residues was required. The electric potential of the inner membrane was required to maintain the import-driving activity at a high level. The electrophoretic force of the potential exhibited only a limited capacity to unfold preprotein domains. We conclude that the membrane potential increases the probability of a dynamic interaction of the preprotein with the import motor. Polypeptide translocation and unfolding are mainly driven by the inward-directed translocation activity based on the functional cooperation of the import motor components.
Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy.

Enzalutamide is an oral androgen-receptor inhibitor that prolongs survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in whom the disease has progressed after chemotherapy. New treatment options are needed for patients with metastatic prostate cancer who have not received chemotherapy, in whom the disease has progressed despite androgen-deprivation therapy. In this double-blind, phase 3 study, we randomly assigned 1717 patients to receive either enzalutamide (at a dose of 160 mg) or placebo once daily. The coprimary end points were radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival. The study was stopped after a planned interim analysis, conducted when 540 deaths had been reported, showed a benefit of the active treatment. The rate of radiographic progression-free survival at 12 months was 65% among patients treated with enzalutamide, as compared with 14% among patients receiving placebo (81% risk reduction; hazard ratio in the enzalutamide group, 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.23; P<0.001). A total of 626 patients (72%) in the enzalutamide group, as compared with 532 patients (63%) in the placebo group, were alive at the data-cutoff date (29% reduction in the risk of death; hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.84; P<0.001). The benefit of enzalutamide was shown with respect to all secondary end points, including the time until the initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.35), the time until the first skeletal-related event (hazard ratio, 0.72), a complete or partial soft-tissue response (59% vs. 5%), the time until prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression (hazard ratio, 0.17), and a rate of decline of at least 50% in PSA (78% vs. 3%) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Fatigue and hypertension were the most common clinically relevant adverse events associated with enzalutamide treatment. Enzalutamide significantly decreased the risk of radiographic progression and death and delayed the initiation of chemotherapy in men with metastatic prostate cancer. (Funded by Medivation and Astellas Pharma; PREVAIL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01212991.). Comment in Words of wisdom. Re: Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. [Eur Urol. 2015] Further analysis of PREVAIL: enzalutamide use in chemotherapy-naïve men with metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer. [Asian J Androl. 2014] Prostate cancer: enzalutamide PREVAILs. [Nat Rev Urol. 2014] Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. [N Engl J Med. 2014] Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. [N Engl J Med. 2014] Abstract Collaborators (218) Full text links Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. Pub. http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/? term=24881730 1 di 2 30/06/2015 09.06
Growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens supplemented with Rhodopseudomonas palustris in drinking water

Abstract 1. The effect of the bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens was investigated. 2. A total of 900-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to three experimental treatments for 6 weeks. Chicks were administered with R. palustris in drinking water as follows: (i) control group without R. palustris; (ii) treatment 1 (R1) with R. palustris of 8 × 109 cells per chick per day in drinking water; (iii) treatment 2 (R2) with R. palustris of 1.6 × 1010 cells per chick per day in drinking water. 3. The results showed that, compared with that of control, both groups of R. palustris treatment increased daily weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens significantly during the whole growing period of 6 weeks. 4. Both total and glutamic acid contents of chicken breast fillet in R. palustris treatment R2 were higher, while the fat content was lower, than those of the control group. Furthermore, R. palustris treatments also improved sensory attributes of chicken breast fillet. 5. As a probiotic providing rich nutrients and biological active substances, R. palustris administration in drinking water displayed a growth promoting effect and improved meat quality of broiler chickens.
Evidence from Mössbauer experiments for nonlinear vibration in the cochlea.

The Mossbauer technique has been applied to the measurement of vibration of the basilar membrane in the squirrel monkey cochlea. Both steady‐state and transient responses have been recorded in the 7–8‐kHz locus of the cochlea. The steady‐state response indicates that the basilar membrane vibrates nonlinearly for frequencies of stimulation near or greater than the characteristic frequency. The nonlinearity can be observed at the lowest levels of stimulation, 70–80 dB SPL, for which measurements could be made. The nonlinearity extends to lower frequencies and the basilar membrane transfer function tends to broaden as SPL is increased. Rapid postmortem changes occur in the cochlea: (1) the amplitude of the transfer ratio (basilar membrane/malleus) decreases 10–15 dB over a period of several hours with a downward shift of 1.5–3 kHz in the characteristic frequency of the basilar membrane at a given location; (2) the low‐frequency slope of the transfer ratio settles to 6 dB/octave by 6 h after death; (3) the sl.
Effect of solar drying on the biological parameters of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera-Bruchinae), in Sahelian area.

Objective : Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchinae) is a major pest of cowpea seeds ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the Sahelian zone. The grain infestation by this insect pest starts in the field at the beginning of fructification of the plant and continues in storage where the damage can be significant if no protective measures are taken. In order to prevent the damage caused by C. maculatus in storage of cowpea, farmers commonly expose the seeds and pods to the sun radiations for several days before storing them. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of sun radiation on the egg laying and development of weevils in general and particularly C. maculatus . Methodology and results : To achieve this goal, experiments were conducted to determine the biological parameters of two batches of this pest respectively exposed to sun radiations and in the laboratory environment. The investigated parameters include longevity, fertility, infertility rate, eggs, development time, larval survival rate and emergence rate. This study results indicated that the different biological parameters studied were significantly affected when the insects were reared under sun radiations. In fact, it appears under this study experimental conditions that sun exposure significantly inhibits egg laying, embryonic development and postembryonic development of C. maculatus resulting in complete inhibition of the emergence of the offspring. Conclusion and application of results : Thus, solar drying seems to be an effective method of preventing weevil damage during cowpea storage. Keywords : Cowpea; Callosobruchus maculatus ; solar drying; Sahelian area.
Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory

Amphibians are in decline worldwide. However, their patterns of diversity, especially in the tropics, are not well understood, mainly because of incomplete information on taxonomy and distribution. We assess morphological, bioacoustic, and genetic variation of Madagascar's amphibians, one of the first near-complete taxon samplings from a biodiversity hotspot. Based on DNA sequences of 2,850 specimens sampled from over 170 localities, our analyses reveal an extreme proportion of amphibian diversity, projecting an almost 2-fold increase in species numbers from the currently described 244 species to a minimum of 373 and up to 465. This diversity is widespread geographically and across most major phylogenetic lineages except in a few previously well-studied genera, and is not restricted to morphologically cryptic clades. We classify the genealogical lineages in confirmed and unconfirmed candidate species or deeply divergent conspecific lineages based on concordance of genetic divergences with other characters. This integrative approach may be widely applicable to improve estimates of organismal diversity. Our results suggest that in Madagascar the spatial pattern of amphibian richness and endemism must be revisited, and current habitat destruction may be affecting more species than previously thought, in amphibians as well as in other animal groups. This case study suggests that worldwide tropical amphibian diversity is probably underestimated at an unprecedented level and stresses the need for integrated taxonomic surveys as a basis for prioritizing conservation efforts within biodiversity hotspots.
Heterozygosity for the hemochromatosis gene in liver diseases--prevalence and effects on liver histology.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The effect of heterozygosity for the C282Y mutation in the HFE hemochromatosis gene on iron accumulation and disease progression in liver disease patients is unclear. METHODS We investigated the prevalence of this mutation in 531 patients and 205 healthy controls. In addition, we assessed the influence of the mutation on liver histology in 34 C282Y heterozygous and 124 age-, sex- and disease-matched controls without the mutation using the modified HAI and Chevallier score. RESULTS The highest prevalence of the C282Y mutation was observed in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (17.2%, p<0.01) compared to 6.4% in healthy controls. Heterozygotes with hepatitis C and B virus infection showed higher ferritin and hepatic iron concentrations than patients without the mutation. However, we did not detect significant differences in necroinflammatory or fibrosis scores between carriers of the mutation and controls. CONCLUSIONS There are marked differences in the prevalence of the C282Y mutation in patients with different liver diseases, with the highest prevalence rates in autoimmune hepatitis and PBC. However, the C282Y mutation alone only leads to a mild increase in iron accumulation in the majority of the patients, with the exception of H63D/C282Y compound heterozygotes. We found no evidence for more pronounced fibrosis in C282Y heterozygotes.
Combination therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors in the treatment of premature ejaculation

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of paroxetine and tadalafil combination in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). A total of 150 primary (lifelong)PE patients were randomly distributed into three groups of 50 patients each. Group 1 received 20 mg paroxetine every day for 1 month, Group 2 received 20 mg tadalafil on demand 2 h before intercourse, and Group 3 received paroxetine and tadalafil on demand 2 h before intercourse. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency times (IELT) scores were evaluated at baseline, at the end of the first month of therapy and 1 month after discontinuation of the treatment, while International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire scores were evaluated both prior to and after the treatment. At the end of the first month of therapy, IELT scores were compared with the basal values and statistically significant changes were detected (60.6 ± 30.2–117.3 ± 67.3, 68.5 ± 21.4–110.2 ± 37.3, 71.56 ± 40.23–175.2 ± 60.2)(P < 0.01). IELT scores after discontinuation of treatment were found to be close to the baseline IELT scores (P > 0.05). IIEF scores were evaluated both prior to and after the treatment, and no statistically significant difference was detected (P > 0.05). It is concluded that utilisation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors (PDE5i) combination before intercourse seems to provide significantly longer ejaculatory latency times as compared with SSRI alone for a long time in patients with PE.
Cultuur en opvoeding : interculturele pedagogiek vanuit ecologisch perspectief

Sinds geruime tijd wonen in Nederland grote aantallen immigranten, die afkomstig zijn uit niet westerse samenlevingen. De auteur heeft na 25 jaar onderzoek onder allochtone gezinnen in Nederland een overzichtsstudie geschreven, waarin niet alleen aandacht wordt besteed aan de huidige situatie van allochtone ouders en kinderen, maar ook aan hun voorgeschiedenis en de cultuur in de landen van herkomst. Te vaak gaat men ervan uit dat de geschiedenis van allochtone gezinnen pas begint op het moment dat zij naar Nederland komen. De cultuur en samenleving van hun land van herkomst blijven echter nog verschillende generaties het dagelijks leven en de opvoeding van immigrantenouders beinvloeden.
Study of the mechanisms of antioxidative action of different antioxidants

The reaction mechanisms by which antioxidants can exert their activity are: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), proton coupled electron transfer (PCET), sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), single electron transfer proton transfer (SET-PT), radical adduct formation, and sequential proton loss hydrogen atom transfer. The antioxidative activity of different compounds (flavones, flavonols, and Schiff basis) was investigated by the trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity and electron paramagnetic resonance methods. The mechanisms of the antioxidative action (HAT, PCET, SPLET, and SET-PT) were investigated by using the thermodynamic parameters: bond dissociation enthalpy, ionization potential, proton dissociation enthalpy, proton affinity, and electron-transfer enthalpy. The influence of different radicals was investigated using appropriate isodesmic reactions. The mechanistic approach to the investigation of the influence of different radicals to the HAT mechanism, and the second step of the SET-PT mechanism) was applied. These investigations contribute to the elucidation and understanding of complex processes involved in the antioxidative action.