Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Advanced Camera for Surveys Virgo Cluster Survey. V. Surface Brightness Fluctuation Calibration for Giant and Dwarf Early-Type Galaxies

As part of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Virgo Cluster Survey, we have measured surface brightness fluctuations (SBFs) in a sample of 100 early-type Virgo galaxies. Distances derived from these measurements are needed to explore the three-dimensional structure of the Virgo Cluster, study the intrinsic parameters of globular clusters associated with the program galaxies, and compare with the galaxy distances derived from globular cluster luminosity functions. Our SBF measurements have been performed in the F850LP bandpass of the Wide Field Channel of the ACS on the Hubble Space Telescope. These are the first measurements of this kind, and we present the first SBF calibration for this bandpass. The measured fluctuations depend on galaxy stellar population variations, which we quantify by galaxy color (g475 - z850)0, where g475 and z850 are the galaxy magnitudes in the F475W and F850LP ACS filters, respectively. We derive the calibration for the absolute SBF magnitude 850 = -2.06 ± 0.04 + (2.0 ± 0.2)[(g475 - z850)0 - 1.3] in the range 1.3 < (g475 - z850)0 ≤ 1.6, and 850 = -2.06 ± 0.04 + (0.9 ± 0.2)[(g475 - z850)0 - 1.3] in the range 1.0 ≤ (g475 - z850)0 ≤ 1.3. The quoted zero-point uncertainty here includes all sources of internal error; there is an additional systematic uncertainty of ~0.15 mag, due to the uncertainty in the distance scale calibration. Physically, the two different color regimes correspond to different galaxy types: giant ellipticals and S0s at the red end, and early-type dwarfs at the blue end. For the first time in SBF studies, we are able to provide a firm empirical calibration of SBF in early-type dwarf galaxies. Our results agree with stellar population model predictions from Bruzual & Charlot in the range 1.3 < (g475 - z850)0 ≤ 1.6, while our empirical slope is somewhat steeper than the theoretical prediction in the range 0.9 ≤ (g475 - z850)0 ≤ 1.3.
Influence oÃ-Diet on In Vitro and In Vivo Rates of Fatty Acid Synthesis in Coho Salmon [ Oncorhynchus Kisutch ( Walbaum ) ] 1

The site and the influence of diet on fatty acid synthesis in juvenile coho salmon were investigated. Tritiated water was used to obtain estimates of the rates of fatty acid synthesis. Liver slices and mesenteric adipose tissue were incubated in media containing 5 mM acetate, 10 mM glucose and tritiated water. The rate of fatty acid synthesis averaged 1172 Â±126 and 40 Â±8 nmoles tritium incorporated into fatty acids per 2 hours per 100 mg of liver and adipose tissue, respectively. The pattern of [I-14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids in the liver slices indicated that de novo fatty acid synthesis, rather than chain elongation, was oc curring. In vivo rates of fatty acid synthesis in liver were approximately linear for 30 minutes. In vivo rates of fatty acid synthesis averaged 244 Â± 14 and 44 Â±11 dpm of tritium incorporated into fatty acids per 20 minutes per 100 mg of liver and adipose tissue, respectively. Consumption of a highfat diet or fasting for 2 days decreased the in vitro and in vivo rates of fatty acid synthesis in fish liver. Refceding fasted (48 hours) fish with a highcarbohydrate diet for 4 hours increased the rate of hepatic fatty acid syn thesis. The major site of fatty acid synthesis in coho salmon appears to be the liver, and dietary alterations influence the rate of fatty acid synthesis in the liver. J. Nutr. 107: 1677-1682, 1977. INDEXING
Multiple stressors: using the honeybee model BEEHAVE to explore how spatial and temporal forage stress affects colony resilience

The causes underlying the increased mortality of honeybee Apis mellifera colonies observed over the past decade remain unclear. Since so far the evidence for monocausal explanations is equivocal, involvement of multiple stressors is generally assumed. We here focus on various aspects of forage availability, which have received less attention than other stressors because it is virtually impossible to explore them empirically. We applied the colony model BEEHAVE, which links within-hive dynamics and foraging, to stylized landscape settings to explore how foraging distance, forage supply, and “forage gaps”, i.e. periods in which honeybees cannot find any nectar and pollen, affect colony resilience and the mechanisms behind. We found that colony extinction was mainly driven by foraging distance, but the timing of forage gaps had strongest effects on time to extinction. Sensitivity to forage gaps of 15 days was highest in June or July even if otherwise forage availability was sufficient to survive. Forage availability affected colonies via cascading effects on queen's egg-laying rate, reduction of new-emerging brood stages developing into adult workers, pollen debt, lack of workforce for nursing, and reduced foraging activity. Forage gaps in July led to reduction in egg-laying and increased mortality of brood stages at a time when the queen's seasonal egg-laying rate is at its maximum, leading to colony failure over time. Our results demonstrate that badly timed forage gaps interacting with poor overall forage supply reduce honeybee colony resilience. Existing regulation mechanisms which in principle enable colonies to cope with varying forage supply in a given landscape and year, such as a reduction in egg-laying, have only a certain capacity. Our results are hypothetical, as they are obtained from simplified landscape settings, but they are consistent with existing empirical knowledge. They offer ample opportunities for testing the predicted effects of forage stress in controlled experiments.
GENDER RELATIONS AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GRATITUDE AND PERSONALITY IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF LIMA-PERU

This study established the relation between gratitude and personality of Peruvian university students residing in Lima; throughout a descriptive correlational design. The sample was composed/conformed by 200 university students living in Lima and it was used the Gratitude Scale developed by Alarcón and the Scale of five factors of Personality by Costa & McCrae. ; Both Scales shown a remarkable degree of reliability and validity. Significant relationship between gratitude, Neuroticism, Responsibility and Kindness factors were found in the research; likewise, there were found significant differences according to each sex.
The relative energetic costs of the larval period, larval swimming and metamorphosis for the ascidian Diplosoma listerianum

Variation in larval quality has been shown to strongly affect the post-metamorphic performance of a wide range of marine invertebrate species. Extending the larval period of non-feeding larvae strongly affects post-metamorphic survival and growth in a range of species. These ‘carry-over’ effects are assumed to be due to changes in larval energetic reserves but direct tests are surprisingly rare. Here, we examine the energetic costs (relative to the costs of metamorphosis) of extending the larval period of the colonial ascidian Diplosoma listerianum. We also manipulated larval activity levels and compared the energy consumption rates of swimming larvae and inactive larvae. Larval swimming was, energetically, very costly relative to either metamorphosis or merely extending the larval period. At least 25% of the larval energetic reserves are available for larval swimming but metamorphosis was relatively inexpensive in this species and larval reserves can be used for post-metamorphic growth. The carry-over effects previously observed in this species appear to be nutritionally mediated and even short (<3 h) periods of larval swimming can significantly deplete larval energy reserves.
Effects of Intensive and Semi-Intensive Rearing on Growth, Survival, and V-Shaped (Lordotic) Skeletal Deformities in Juvenile Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Intensive production can reduce production costs and improve efficiency of larvae culture. This study compared the effects of intensive and semiintensive production on growth, survival, and V-shaped skeletal deformities in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). At the end of the 50-day study, survival was 68.01±0.8%, mean weight was 1.32±0.03 g, and lordosis was 32% among juveniles raised in the intensive system. Survival and mean weight were significantly higher, 92.06±1.1% and 1.61±0.02 g, respectively, among juveniles raised in the semi-intensive system, and none had lordosis (p<0.05). Results suggest that semi-intensive systems are more advantageous than intensive for rearing sea bream juveniles.
Impact of school lunch programmes on nutritional status of children in Vihiga district, western Kenya

Malnutrition exists in some form in every country. Protein Energy malnutrition is the commonest and the most devastating form of malnutrition among children under five years of age and school children. This suggests that interventions in the school aged children can help reduce levels of malnutrition and its related effects on childrens’ health and education. School feeding Programmes (SFP), which have been initiated in many countries including Kenya, have been shown to improve academic performance and nutritional status in developing and industrialized countries. However, the effects of School Lunch programmes (SLP) in Vihiga District have not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of SLP in improving the nutritional status of school children in Emuhaya Division of Vihiga district, Kenya. The objectives of the study were: to compare the nutritional status of participants (children who participate in the school lunch) and non-participants (children who do not participate in the school lunch) and to assess the diet quality of the school and home lunch. It was hypothesized that the nutritional status of participants was better than that of the nonparticipants. Three hundred and twenty pupils (index children) and their parents were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. Anthropometric measurements, 24-hour recall, interview schedules and observed weighed technique were the instruments used in data collection. Using Statistics, frequencies, means, correlations and multiple regressions were generated and used to analyze socio-economic data and effect of SLP on nutritional status. Food composition tables and Epi Info version 6 were also employed to analyze the diet quality of the school and home lunch and anthropometric data respectively. The results indicated a positive association between the school lunch and nutritional status. The diet quality of the school lunch and nutritional status of participants were significantly higher than that of the non-participants. SLP had a positive significant effect on the nutritional status of participating children. More schools and parents in similar environments should therefore be encouraged to venture into the SLP because of their positive outcome on nutritional status as well as the diet quality of participating children. Key words : School Lunch Programmes, Nutritional status
Color Blindness and Perceptions of Ambiguous Racial Confrontation

Due to its emphasis on diminishing race and avoiding racial discourse, color blind racial ideology has repeatedly been suggested to have negative consequences for modern day race relations. The current research examined the influence of color blindness, as well as the level of ambiguity of a prejudiced remark, on perceptions of a target confrontation. One hundred thirteen White participants read and responded to a scene depicting a White character committing a racial verbal microaggression of variable ambiguity, after which a target character confronted the comment. Results showed that the target confronter was perceived more negatively and her confrontation was less supported by participants with high color blindness, measured by Neville and colleagues' (2001) Color Blind Racial Attitudes Scale. Furthermore, participants with high color blindness tended to rate the White commenter less negatively than those with low color blindness. In addition, participants were affected by the microaggression's ambiguity regardless of color blindness, with a higher level of ambiguity predicting more negative perceptions of the Black confronter and the confrontation. Implications for how color blindness, as an accepted norm among White Americans that is endorsed across legal and educational settings, and insensitivity to ambiguous prejudice can facilitate Whites' complicity in racial inequality are discussed.
High Strain Rate Superplasticity in an Al-Li-Mg Alloy Subjected to Equal-Channel Angular Extrusion

The superplastic behavior of an Al–4.1%Mg–2.0%Li–0.16%Sc–0.07%Zr alloy (1421 Al) subjected to intense plastic straining by equalchannel angular extrusion (ECAE) was studied in the temperature interval 250–450 ◦ C at strain rates ranging from 1.4 × 10 −5 to 1.4 s −1 . The grain size after ECAE was about 0.8 µm and the fraction of high angle boundaries was about 80 pct. The highest elongation of 1850% without failure appeared at a temperature of 400 ◦ C and initial strain rate of 1.4 × 10 −2 s −1 with corresponding coefficient of the strain rate sensitivity of 0.6. It was shown that the ECAE processed 1421 Al exhibits superior superplastic properties in the temperature range 300–450 ◦ C with the strain rate sensitivity higher than 0.4. Microstructural evolution and cavitation during high strain rate superplastic deformation were examined .
The Role of Impulsivity in Dietary Restraint and Counter-Regulation

PAGE Dietary restraint, or chronically controlling one's weight through diet, is a difficult pursuit. When faced with tempting foods, only a minority of restrained eaters manage to regulate their intake. Impulsivity, a multidimensional construct implicated in addictive behaviors, may be a factor that predicts regulation. The goals of the current study were twofold: firstly, we examined the effect of consuming a diet-violating preload on state impulsivity, and secondly, we examined how dietary restraint and changes in state impulsivity interact to influence subsequent overeating. In a laboratory study, female participants (n= 146) with differing levels of dietary restraint provided measures of their state impulsiveness before and after consuming a 16oz preload of either a milkshake (High Calorie group) or water (Control group). The two state impulsivity subtypes assessed were inhibitory control, measured using the Stop Signal Task (SST), and food-specific impulsive choice, measured using a modified Delay Discounting Task. Results showed that after consuming a preload, all participants showed decreases in food-specific impulsive choice but not in inhibitory control. For those in the milkshake condition who were high in dietary restraint, higher initial inhibitory control and larger decreases in food-specific impulsive choice predicted lower subsequent caloric intake. No effects of impulsivity on consumption were seen for participants in the Control condition. These results suggest that subtypes of state impulsivity play differential roles in the eating behaviors of restrained eaters, and highlight important predictors of counter-regulation. Understanding the causal pathway between restraint and counter-regulation informs future directions in creating healthy eating interventions.
Adsorption and co-adsorption of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers and surfactants and their influence on zeta potential of magnesite and dolomite

The influence of adsorption and co-adsorption of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers (Pluronics) as well as surfactants on the zeta potential of magnesite and dolomite aqueous suspension are addressed here. Four Pluronics of various molecular weight were used in these studies. They have been mixed with cationic (CTAB) or anionic (SDS) surfactants. The adsorption isotherms of copolymers and copolymer-surfactant mixture onto magnesite and dolomite have been determined. The adsorbed amount of Pluronics increases with the increasing concentration and reaches plateau. An increase in the adsorbed amounts of both cationic and anionic surfactants onto the mineral surfaces (magnesite and dolomite) has been observed in the presence of Pluronic copolymers. A positive nature of zeta potential was observed in the presence of cationic surfactant, except magnesite without or with a low CTAB concentration. However, an attendant copolymer causes a decrease of zeta potential due to the deformation of an electrical double layer, comparing the presence of an individual cationic surfactant. The adsorbed non-ionic Pluronic layer partially screens the surface charge of mineral particles, and thus, reduces the zeta potential. On the other hand, the adsorption of anionic surfactant and copolymer caused a decrease in the negative value of the zeta potential of both investigated minerals due to increased SDS adsorption. The viscosity measurements were also performed to determine the thickness of adsorbed layer.
Some notes on the universal C*-algebra of a contraction

We say that a contractive Hilbert space operator is universal if there is a natural surjection from its generated C*-algebra to the C*-algebra generated by any other contraction. A universal contraction may be irreducible or a direct sum of (even nilpotent) matrices; we sharpen the latter fact and its proof in several ways, including von Neumann-type inequalities for noncommutative *-polynomials. We also record properties of the unique C*-algebra generated by a universal contraction, and we show that it can be used similarly to C*(F_2) in various Kirchberg-like reformulations of Connes' Embedding Problem (some known, some new). Finally we prove some analogous results for universal C*-algebras of noncommuting row contractions and universal Pythagorean C*-algebras.
Equilibrium between radiation and matter for classical relativistic multiperiodic systems. II. Study of radiative equilibrium with Rayleigh-Jeans radiation

We continue the study of the problem of equilibrium between radiation and classical relativistic systems begun previously [Phys. Rev. D 27, 1254 (1983)]. We consider the emission and absorption of energy by a relativistic pointlike particle immersed in a Rayleigh-Jeans radiation field. The particle is acted upon by a force which, if alone, would produce a multiply periodic motion. It is shown that radiative balance at each frequency holds. A discussion is given of the results reported in both papers.
Vulnerability of coastal communities to sea-level rise: a case study of Cape May County, New Jersey, USA

This study demonstrates how sea-level rise increases the vulnerability of coastal com- munities to flooding associated with coastal storms. The case study applies a GIS-based methodology to assess the vulnerability of Cape May County, New Jersey, to flood hazards caused by both riverine flooding and coastal storm surges. For storm events of differing intensities, it first identifies areas that will be inundated and how they will change with projected sea-level rise. It then assesses the social vulnerability of the county, taking into account factors such as age, gender, race, income and housing conditions. Finally, it combines physical and social vulnerabilities to create a picture of the county's present overall vulnerability, as well as how this will change with projected sea-level rise. To account for uncertainties in projections, possible ranges of both population growth and sea-level rise are incorporated in low, medium and high scenarios. The results show that sea-level rise will increase the vulnerability of the county to flood hazards considerably by increasing the areas that are exposed to the highest flood risk, hence increasing the number of critical facilities, properties, and people to the risk of flooding. Comparing the upper- and lower-bound scenarios indicates that poorly managed development could increase the county's vulnerability to flooding. These results suggest that deci- sion-makers could reduce vulnerability by making choices that steer development away from high- risk areas.
Livestock grazing and forest structure regulate the assembly of ecological clusters within plant networks in eastern Australia

1Office of Environment and Heritage, c/Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán Sin Número, Móstoles, Spain 3Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 4Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia 5Office of Environment and Heritage, Buronga, NSW, Australia 6Office of Environment and Heritage, Gosford, NSW, Australia 7School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
The Study Effect of Nitrogen, Azotobacter Spp. and Azospirillum Spp. on Phenological and Morphological Traits of Durum Wheat Cultivars in Dehloran Region, Iran

ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out in the form of factorial split in the model random complete block design in three replicates. In this design three kinds of durum wheat including Yavarous, Karkheh, Seimareh were planted in the main plots and three levels of 40, 80 and 120 kg net nitrogen in hectare which it had been provided from source of urea and three levels of bio fertilizer including Azotobacter spp. and Azospirillum spp. and without using bio fertilizer (control) as factorial were cultivated in secondary plots. Before cultivation, amount of seeds which it must be mixed with together Azospirillum spp. and Azotobacter spp. bacteria’s, it was mixed together water and sugar with 2% density of wet and in proportion of 2 kg in 100 kg seeds were mixed with seeds. The irrigation of blocks was separately done for preventing from mixture of bacteria. This research will have a new asped for/in order to effect of biological fertilizers in replacement with/to fertilizers and it hasn't demonstrate its comparison on durum wheat in the region by now. Finally, with interpretation of results obtained from this research defined that positive effect of biological fertilizers on growth that before they have verified about plants, also, they are true about grains such as wheat. So, considering the obtained results from this research, it is seemed that application of suitable biological fertilizers can be effective in increase of function, improvement of growing traits of wheat and decrease nitrogen fertilizer.
Sport, policy and politics in Lebanon

Lebanon offers an interesting context for the study of sport policy as there is a lack of literature on sport policies in developing countries, and particularly, in small- and multi-confessional societies. Hence, the aim of this study was to illustrate how the dynamic of power between the state and the political parties/confessional communities is reflected in the national sport system. In particular the paper seeks to provide some insight into the mechanism in place to implement the concept of ‘balance of power’ or so-called mosaic society within the national sport system, looking specifically at structure and resource allocation.