Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Movement of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, tagged in the Gulf of Maine area

Over 22,000 Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, were tagged with T-bar tags and released in the Gulf of Maine area in 1984-97 and 2400 recovered tags were used to interpret movement of tagged fish. Most of the releases were of adult fish made during the winter cod spawning season from aggregations found on known spawning banks. Re- captures by NAFO divisions were weighted with an annual index of fish- ing effort to account for probability of recapture. At the division level, very little exchange between the area east of 4X and the Gulf of Maine was evi- dent. However, within the Gulf of Maine an exchange of about 15% be- tween 4X and 5Z and somewhat higher between 4X and 5Y was apparent. Cod tagged on Browns Bank and Georges Bank during the spawning season showed widespread dispersal both within their respective division and to adjacent divisions. The seasonal distri- bution of recaptures in 4X indicates aggregation for spawning followed by postspawning dispersal. The seasonal pattern for Georges Bank is less clear but there are indications of net loss to the 4X area. Distribution of recaptures from Georges Bank releases in 1994 was similar to those observed for re- leases made in 1984-85. Results of the study were consistent with results from earlier tagging experiments and dem- onstrate substantial interaction of cod from different management areas. These findings may have implications for stock assessment models and man-
Generalized Rigid Modules

Let α be an endomorphism of an arbitrary ring R with identity. The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of an α-rigid module which is an extension of the rigid property in rings and the α-reduced property in modules defined in [8]. The class of α-rigid modules is a new kind of modules which behave like rigid rings. A right R-module M is called \alpha-rigid if ma α(a)=0 implies ma=0 for any m ∈ M and a ∈ R. We investigate some properties of α-rigid modules and among others we also prove that if M[x;α] is a reduced right R[x;α]-module, then M is an α-rigid right R-module. The ring R is α-rigid if and only if every flat right R-module is α-rigid. For a rigid right R-module M, M is α-semicommutative if and only if M[x;α]R[x;\,\alpha] is semicommutative if and only if M\big[[x;α]\big]R[[x;\,\alpha]] is semicommutative.
Fragmentation in a product cycle model

We develop a simple model in which fragmentation, innovation and imitation take in place simultaneously. Firms in North fragment their business into two parts: assembly and services. A reduction in the cost of services to coordinate fragmented businesses between North and South does not enhance fragmentation. On the contrary, the arrival rate of imitation accelerates and that of innovation slows down. Consequently, the life of Northern goods becomes shorter and that of Southern copies becomes longer. We also derive other results to compare to those in Grossman and Helpman (1991) and in Glass and Saggi (2001).
Building Characters: Lessons Drawn from Virtual Environments

There are a number of common research problems encountered in building applications which involve the usage of virtual characters or sociable robots, especially when the application demands the facilitation of social interaction and communication with users (Breazeal, 2002; Kidd, 2003; Schroeder, 2002). One of these challenges is in modelling characters of high visual fidelity and behavioural authenticity (Slater et al., 2000; Goetz et al., 2003). This paper gives a review of studies that offer evidence to support the importance of developing characters with plausible and consistent behavioural
Relationship between achievement goals and social emotional climate of the classroom with test anxiety of second-grade high school students from Mahan city

The present study intended to predict test anxiety of students based on achievement goals and social emotional climate of the classroom. Statistical population included all male and female second-grade high school students from Mahan district during the 2013-2014 academic years and among them 251 persons were selected based on Morgan table. In the present study, Sarason Test Anxiety questionnaire, Elliot and McGregor achievement goals questionnaire (AGO) and Mishow, Komo and Gowpil Social-Emotional Climate were used. Results showed that for investigating the first main research hypothesis, hierarchal regression was used and it was identified that achievement goals and social emotional climate of the classroom had the power to predict test anxiety among male
Evaluation of a novel water treatment residual nanoparticles as a sorbent for arsenic removal

A novel sorbent, water treatment residual nanoparticles (nWTR), was synthesized and used to remove As(V) from water solutions. The kinetics and equilibrium of As(V) adsorption by nWTR were evaluated. The kinetic data for nWTR at 3 different pH values indicate that As(V) sorption is biphasic, is favored at low pH values, and followed the power function and first-order kinetics models fit. The results of the batch adsorption study showed that nWTR was effective in As(V) removal and its removal capability was 16 times higher than that of bulk WTR. Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR), SEM-EDX spectra, and As fractionation results indicate the crucial role of surface hydroxyl groups in As retention onto nWTR and the high capability of nWTR to immobilize As(V). The stability of As-nWTR surface complexes is suggested as less than 2% of adsorbed As(V) was released from nWTR after 4 consecutive desorption cycles.
Impact of Double Taxation Treaties on Inward FDI in Latin American and Caribbean Developing Countries

This study strives to assess the impact of double taxation treaties on FDI inflows in 15 Latin American and Caribbean developing countries from 1983 to 2013. There are two objectives of double taxation treaties. The first one is to eliminate the global double taxation, and the second is to barricade the international tax dodging. If we look at the first objective of double taxation treaties (DTTs), it encourages foreign direct investment (FDI) but keeping in view the second objective, it discourages FDI. Both effects can possibly cancel the effect of each other, leaving DTT as an insignificant factor. Previous literature has shown positive, negative and no effect of DTTs on FDI inflows. Therefore, empirically it is an open question that needs further exploration. This study by utilising other conventional FDI determinants such as market size, development level, trade openness and human capital, has empirically shown that DTTs have no effect on the FDI inflows. These countries instead of DTTs seem to be more dependent on some other FDI location pull factors, for example bigger host market, development level, trade openness, the exploitation of their natural resources, improvement of services and manufacturing sector etc. for drawing in foreign direct investment.
Late Quaternary fluctuations of the Leeuwin Current and palaeoclimates on the adjacent land masses: Clay mineral evidence

Clay minerals eroded from soils by rivers and wind action become entrained in shallow‐ as well as deep‐water masses of the surrounding seas. Their pattern on the sea floor gives clues to their propagation by ocean currents. Clay mineral assemblages in sediment cores can be used as a useful proxy to decipher past changes in the intensity of ocean currents or in the nature of the palaeoclimatic processes on the adjacent landmasses. Three cores taken from beneath the path of the present‐day Leeuwin Current in the Timor Passage, from off the Australian North West Shelf and off the North West Cape of Western Australia are investigated. They provide a Late Quaternary record of environmental changes. Kaolinite and chlorite are transported into the Timor Passage today by the Indonesian Throughflow, while illite is provided locally from Timor. The Leeuwin Current leaves the Timor Passage with a characteristic clay mineral signature acquired in the Indonesian Archipelago (kaolinite, chlorite and illite). Uptake of clay minerals along its way through the Timor Sea, e.g. illite from the Kimberley area, changes this signature. South of North West Cape chlorite, injected by the rivers of the Pilbara region into the path of the Leeuwin Current, is prominent in surface sediments in less than 1000 m water depth and outlines the flow of the current today. During the last glacial period, the volume of the Indonesian Throughflow decreased and less kaolinite and chlorite reached the Timor Passage. Offshore from North West Cape, a reduction in chlorite during the last glacial may indicate a decrease or absence of the Leeuwin Current and/or a reduction in the input of chlorite due to drier conditions on land. A maximum of illite in recent sediments and the Holocene offshore from North West Cape results from the input of material from rivers periodically draining the adjacent hinterland. Again, a reduction in illite points to a drier climate in the area during the last glacial.
The Role of Verbalization in Listening Conceptual Formation among Iranian EFL Learners: A STI Perspective

The present study was an attempt to investigate the significance of verbalization and teaching the concepts of listening on the development of listening performance among Iranian EFL learners. To do so, an experimental study was designed in which the participants were sixty pre-intermediate learners selected based on the results of their performance on a standard version of Oxford Placement Test (OPT). Email address 1 : mlavasani@srbiau.ac. ir Email address 2 : pbirjand@srbiau.ac. ir Corresponding Author: West Kabirzadeh Boulevard, South Janat Abad, Tehran 94941, IRAN English Department, College of Foreign Languages and Literature, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch D ow nl oa de d fr om ij al . k hu . a c. ir at 1 7: 02 IR S T o n S at ur da y Ja nu ar y 4t h 20 20 [ D O I: 10 . 1 88 69 /a ca dp ub . ij al . 1 8. 1. 95 ]
Modification of a maize simulation model under different water, nitrogen and salinity levels

Irrigation, salinity and nitrogen (N) are the three major limiting environmental factors in maize yield potentials especially in arid and semi-arid regions. An integrated water and N Maize Simulation Model (MSM) was modified for salinity conditions using 2009-2010 field experiments data in southwest of Iran. Irrigation levels were: I1=1.0ETc+0.25ETc as normal leaching amount, I2=0.75I1 and I3=0.5I1, salinity of irrigation water: S1=0.6, S2=2.0 and S3=4.0 dS m -1 and N fertilizer rate: N1=0, N2=150 and N3=300 kg N ha -1 . Data of the first and second year were used to calibrate and validate the modified model, respectively. The MSM model was modified by including the combined effects of water and salt stresses using different water uptake functions. Furthermore, N uptake via mass flow process was also modified. By this modification, the soil salinity was also estimated by the model. Calibration/validation results showed that the water uptake function of Homaee and Feddes led to a better estimation of all parameters than those obtained by other water uptake functions. Based on the NRMSE and d indices, the modified MSM model presented a very good to fair estimation of soil water content, salinity and N, evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, leaf area index, total dray matter, N uptake and grain yield. Besides, under saline irrigation water there was much higher risk to the groundwater contamination by nitrate leaching.
THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF TECHNOLOGY Developing Capability for Product-Service System Innovation

The manufacturing industry is transforming in order to meet global competition and offer greater value to customers. The companies are not only selling products, but also increasingly adding various types of industrial services (e.g. maintenance services, monitoring systems, engineering services, leasing etc). These product-service systems (PSS) are integrated offers that include both products and services. Such combinations are viewed as a way to increase customer value, increase profit, create closer ties with the customers and increase sustainability by taking responsibility for the product throughout its lifecycle. However, for manufacturing companies increased focus on service integration means new challenges because customer value is not only created through the physical products, but also with services, software and new business models. Thus, PSS innovation challenges organizations that have traditionally focused on product innovation. Successful transition into PSS innovation calls for development of PSS innovation capabilities such as improved ability for customer co-creation and facilitation of cross-functional innovation. The development of PSS innovation capability require a coordinated change of established practices, involves new ways of working, new collaborations and new methods, since service innovation principally differs in character from product innovation. This research has studied how to do this and how to develop the capability for PSS innovation. This research is based on longitudinal empirical studies at GKN Aerospace Engine Systems, where a four year industrial PhD project has been undertaken. Through the use of qualitative methods such as interviews, observations and workshops, empirical data has been collected from both the military business side (where the company is engine OEM) and the commercial business side (where the company develops components in partnership with the engine OEM). The importance of collaboration between different areas and with customers is well reported in PSS literature; whereas this research provides insights on how to support collaboration for PSS innovation. In particular it describes how the different time perspectives related to products versus services affects the collaboration for PSS. Also described are the methodologies to use in PSS development that systematically support the creation of new PSS innovation offers. The establishment of a collaboration network and supportive methodology leads to the development of capability in the company. This research presents how PSS innovation capability develops through the establishment of routines and activities in early phases of PSS development.
Leadership Behaviour and Upward Feedback: Findings from a Longitudinal Intervention

A sample of 48 managers and 308 staff members of a community health care organization took part in a study to investigate the influence of participating in an upward feedback program on leadership behaviour, both as indicated be self-ratings and subordinates’ ratings. The research design consisted of three measurement points within one year. The intervention included managers receiving upward feedback and a management skills workshop. The results showed a negative effect of the program on leadership behaviour as rated by the staff. Furthermore, managers reduced their self-ratings in the condition where they participated in both a feedback session and an management skills workshop.
Developmental expression of the lipoprotein lipase gene in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) has been implicated as a key enzyme in lipid metabolism. The pattern of LPL gene expression in different ages and its relation to adipose deposition was studied. Fifteen female Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs aged at 1 day, 7, 14, 21 and 28 weeks (three pigs per age, 10% per each bred) were used to study developmental gene expression of LPL in subcutaneous adipose tissue by means of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the LPL mRNA levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue significantly increased from 1 day to 7 weeks (P<0.01), and then gradually decreased from 7 to 28 weeks. A strong inverse correlation between LPL mRNA levels and age as well as adipose index and body weight was found between 7 and 28 weeks. Body weight and total adipose weight increased significantly with age (P<0.01).
Servant Leadership andOrganizational Citizenship inRwanda: A ModeratedMediation Model

The present study proposed and tested a moderated mediation model of the effects of servant leadership on two types of organizational citizenship behaviors (altruism and courtesy). Proposed relationships between study variables are explained on the basis of two theoretical trajectories: social learning theory (Bandura, 1977) and reciprocity/clientelism (Gouldner, 1960; Landé, 1977). The sample for this study was 194 adult Rwandans working in non-government settings. Analysis showed adequate support for the full mediation effects of perceived leader effectiveness on the relationship between servant leadership and both forms of organizational citizenship. However, concerning the moderating effects of exchange ideology in the mediation models, exchange ideology only moderates the mediation model with respect to courtesy and not altruism. The study ends with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications along with suggestions for future research. This study makes a unique contribution to understanding the nature of leader-follower relationships among non-government organizations in Rwanda and is helpful for generally advancing the study of leadership in Africa.
The Influences of Hydrology on the Radiogenic and Stable Carbon Isotope Composition of Cave Drip Water, Grotta di Ernesto (Italy)

14C and δ13C values of C-containing species in cave drip waters are mainly controlled by the C isotope composition of karst rock and soil air, as well as by soil carbon dynamics, in particular the amount of soil CO2 in the unsaturated soil zone and the process of calcite dissolution. Here, we investigate soil carbon dynamics by analyzing the 14C activity and δ13C values of C dissolved in cave drip water. Monthly over a 2-yr period, we collected drip water from 2 drip sites, one fast and one relatively slow, within the shallow Grotta di Ernesto Cave (NE Italy). The 14C data reveal a pronounced annual cycle. In contrast, the δ13C values do not show an annual pattern and only small interannual variability compared to the δ13C values of soil waters. The annual 14C drip-water cycle is a function of drip-rate variability, soil moisture, and ultimately hydrology.
Effects of the thermal environment on the temporal pattern of emergence of hatchling loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta

Sea turtles deposit their eggs in beaches at a depth of about 50 cm and leave them to incubate for approximately 60 d. After that time, hatchlings emerge from the sand at night, both to avoid predation and to prevent overheating. Three hypotheses have been proposed regarding the thermal cues involved in emergence. Hatchlings emerge (1) after sand temperature falls below a critical threshold, (2) after a negative thermal gradient in the sand above the nest has been created, making upper sand cooler than sand below, or (3) in response to a rapid decrease in the temperature of the nest column. This study evaluated the cue(s) that loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta hatchlings use to emerge into a safe thermal environment. We collected thermal data at 5 depths in the sand from 150 loggerhead nests that had been relocated in Broward County, Florida. Hatchlings had a significant effect on sand temperatures due to metabolic heat. Therefore, to evaluate thermal cues, temperatures should be measured in nest columns and not adjacent to nests, as in previous studies. A critical threshold temperature existed, above which hatchlings did not emerge. The threshold temperature at 0 cm was 32.4°C, which is similar to upper thermal thresholds of swimming activity for loggerhead and green turtle Chelonia mydas hatchlings measured in other studies. Most hatchlings emerged after a reversal in the thermal gradients between sand depths, but no particular temperature differential existed between those depths that cued emergence. A delay occurred after both threshold and reversal cues before hatchlings emerged, which may protect hatchlings under rapidly changing environmental conditions. Most hatchlings emerged sooner after the threshold temperature had been reached than after the temperature gradient had been reversed, but the 2 cues cannot be completely distinguished without further research. Rate of temperature decline was not a cue because most hatchlings emerged when rates were close to zero. We conclude that the critical threshold temperature is the most probable cue and that the most probable mechanism for controlling time of emergence is physiological-that is, a thermal inhibition of coordinated muscle movement so that emergence from the sand is only possible below a critical temperature threshold. Emergence data from in situ nests support these thermal patterns in relocated nests. These results have important implications for management of beach habitat for nesting sea turtles. Human impacts, such as beach renourishment and beach-front development, can change the thermal characteristics of the nesting environment, and therefore affect temporal emergence patterns of hatchlings.
Recent Changes and Variation in Precipitation over Asia-Pacific Region in relation to Long-Term Temperature and MSLP

The years 2014 and 2015 turned out to be quite catastrophic for the Asia-Pacific region which took a major toll on the socioeconomic stature of all the entities of the region. The agricultural sector which is one of the most contributing factors to the economy of the region has been highly sensitive to the global climatic changes. Hence this endeavor shall greatly help in an efficient prediction of monsoon cycles, thus enabling the hapless farmers to be better informed and avoid major losses of any kind. The paper focuses on the climatology of air temperature and MSLP with the variation pattern in precipitation over the Asia-Pacific region. The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data is used for air temperature and MSLP along with high-resolution precipitation dataset for Asia-Pacific monsoon region obtained from GPCP. The temperature datasets are analyzed up to the level 500 hPa. Monte Carlo method of correlation and Bootstrapping method of confidence interval are used to analyze the relation of GPCP with MSLP and temperature at all defined levels. So, in this paper authors attempt to assess the nature and relationship of temperature and MSLP to precipitation over the Asia-Pacific region with the recent 10-year changes which are quantified in detail.