Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Framework for Shannon Information Theory

Abstract : Barwise and Seligman proposed a very general qualitative theory of information flow (in distributed systems) while Shannon proposed a very general quantitative theory for communication flow. The two kinds of flow are not synonymous, with information flow being the more general of the two. We synthesize a new theory from these two theories so that qualitative and quantitative analysis use the same theory structures. The main advantages are (1) Shannon theory gets a more expressive framework within which to operate, (2) Barwise/Seligman theory gets to take advantage of quantitative mechanisms. The resultant theory has direct applications to many areas that use information theory.
Software support for experience sampling

ion of data from affect measurement devices in a similar fashion could provide a plausible data model for capturing affect data from users. Further, this architecture may provide a good approach for collecting affect data from devices that may be added, removed, or swapped for newer ones. One problem with this model, however, is that data is pushed from data sources at all times. In an affect data capture system, this may be undesirable. In fact, it may overwhelm the system as some data sources can generate a great amount of data. For example, a study may be interested in data from an electrocardiograph. The system may have the capability of measuring data from many sources such as a mouse, an electrocardiograph and an electroencephalograph. Mouse motion events can be generated within milliseconds of each other and in combination with data from other sources, i.e., the electrocardiograph and electroencephalograph, may cause the system to perform unreasonably slow. C.1. 3 Oscilloscope Design Shaw and Garlan [72] describe the evolution of the design for an oscilloscope. Starting with a domain model using an object-oriented approach, the authors describe the transition to a layered
Modelling Attachment Decisions with a Statistical Parser

Probabilistic models of human sentence processing have proved widely successful in modelling human attachment decisions. This Thesis describes a two-stage probabilistic model of human incremental parsing of German PP-Attachment. German verb final sentences provide a new opportunity for the study of PP-Attachment because the PP is processed in the absence of the sentence head. In this situation, it is preferentially attached to the (existing) NP site. The model consists of two modules: A syntactic module based on a standard stochastic parser and a shallow semantic module that makes final attachment decisions on the basis of Web counts. Conflicts between decisions made by the modules are interpreted as predicting longer reading times. The model’s predictions are compared to average reading times from an eyetracking study (Konieczny et al., 1997). The model correctly accounts for attachment preferences in verb second sentences. This is a replication of results for English. It fails to account for preferences in verb final sentences. We argue that these preferences cannot be modelled by a probabilistic CFG at all. They probably belong to a range of phenomena that have been explained by either the initial influence of global structural frequencies or by the existence of general parsing strategies. Purely probabilistic CFGs cannot accomodate either of these explanations.
Graduatesâ€™ Views on the Use of Computer Simulation Games versus Cases as Pedagogical Tools

In this study, recent marketing graduates were surveyed to determine their perception of whether simulations or case analyses better prepared them for their current job. Results indicated that graduates felt that simulations or simulations together with case analyses better prepared them for their job than case analyses alone. Graduates also rated the simulation experience over case analyses in terms of decision making involvement and providing a learning framework.
Key concepts in cinema studies

This is an A-Z of the key critical terms in film studies, and aims to make film texts and analysis more accessible to the student. The entries include explanations of familiar concepts such as "realism" and "history", as well as covering more sophisticated constructs like "scophilia" and "gesturality". The text is aimed not just at the European film industry, but takes many of its entries from non-European and American cinema. It also includes terms related to the fields of practical film and video work. It is organized alphabetically with cross-references to related terms, and should be a useful study aid for all students of the cinema.
Workflow tools for biological applications

When identifying best practices for multistep processes involving data analysis, it is frequently the case that the data scientist is asked to wear many hats simultaneouly: developer, programmer, statistician, graphic designer, writer, administrator. Although many scientists address these roles with great success, it is often at the expense of reproducibility, scalability, and organizational knowledge. The process of formalizing each step of the process creates opportunity to apply lessons learned and proven tools from multiple disciplines to optimize each step of the transformation from raw data to usable output. This modular approach allows organizations to mix o↵ the shelf technical solutions with custom, swap out components for flexibility and minimize rework. The primary focus of this dissertation is to extend the conceptualization of pipeline to include methods drawn from human computer interaction, exploratory data analysis, interactive graphics, and reproducible research. We describe application to three distinct user groups: (1) a general audience of readers (2) biologists involved in metabolomics analysis (3) analysts working in a public sector regulatory environment. The resulting technical tools are implemented in the R packages ggparallel, chromatoplotsGUI, dataFormats, and CVBreports. Our analysis shows that these tools facilitate a positive transformative e↵ect on the quality of communication between stakeholders. Specifically we see that the common angles plot presented in ggparallel reduces the lie factor, chromatoplotsGUI enables display of metabolomic data rapidly and with a level of detail that facilitates development of the underlying analysis engine and the methods of dataFormats and CVBreports enable significantly reduced turnaround times for preliminary data assesment.
Hardcoding finite automata

The so-called conventional approach to implement finite automata is by mean of a matrix to represent the transition function. Of course, if the transition table is very sparse, linked lists might be used as an alternative. Such approaches therefore depend on the computer’s main memory capabilities to optimally hold the table for better processing. For various computational problems using finite automata as a basic solution-model, the processing may be an important factor to be considered. This work aims to investigate a relatively new implementation approach that relies on hardcoding. A hardcoded algorithm uses simple instructions to represent the transition table. The algorithm is written in such a way that the transition matrix is part of its instructions as opposed to the traditional table-driven approach in which the table is external data that is to be accessed by the algorithm. This work includes a general performance analysis of both approaches through an empirical study. We firstly investigate the processing speed required to accept or reject a symbol by some randomly generated single states of some automata. Then, a more advanced experiment is performed based on the previous, for the test of acceptance of randomly generated strings by randomly generated finite automata . The main result of this work is that the hardcoded implementations of finite automata outperform the table-driven implementation up to some threshold. This therefore emphasizes that many applications using finite automata as basic model may be optimized by replacing the table-driven implementation with a hardcoded implementation, resulting to better performances.
KENDALA GURU DALAM MEMBERIKAN PENILAIAN TERHADAP SIKAP SISWA DALAM PROSESPEMBELAJARAN BERDASARKAN KURIKULUM 2013 DI SD NEGERI 14 BANDA ACEH

Penelitian ini berjudul “Kendala Guru dalam Memberikan Penilaian terhadap Sikap Siswa dalam Proses Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013 di SD Negeri 14 Banda Aceh”. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah cara guru dalam memberikan penilaian terhadap sikap siswa dalam proses pembelajaran berdasarkan kurikulum2013 di SD Negeri 14 Banda Aceh? Apakah kesulitan guru dalam memberikan penilaian terhadap sikap siswa dalam proses pembelajaran berdasarkan kurikulum 2013 di SD Negeri 14 Banda Aceh? Bagaimanakah upaya yang dilakukan guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan pemberian nilai terhadap sikap siswa dalam proses pembelajaran berdasarkan kurikulum2013 di SD Negeri 14 Banda Aceh? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara guru dalam memberikan penilaian terhadap sikap siswa, kesulitan guru dalam memberikan penilaian terhadap sikap siswa dan upaya yang dilakukan guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan pemberian nilai terhadap sikap siswa dalam proses pembelajaran berdasarkan kurikulum2013 di SD Negeri 14 Banda Aceh. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 6 orang guru dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purpossive sampling . Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan logika induktif, yakni dari khusus ke umum. Simpulan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Guru memberikan penilaian terhadap sikap siswa dalam proses pembelajaran berdasarkan kurikulum 2013 di SD Negeri 14 Banda Aceh dengan cara mengamati atau melakukan observasi secara langsung terhadap sikap siswa pada saat proses belajar berlangsung. Kesulitan guru dalam memberikan penilaian terhadap sikap siswa dalam proses pembelajaran berdasarkan kurikulum 2013 di SD Negeri 14 Banda Aceh adalah keterbatasan waktu, jumlah siswa yang banyak dalam satu kelas dan sulitnya mengarahkan siswa untuk menanamkan sikap yang baik sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran. Upaya yang dilakukan guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan pemberian nilai terhadap sikap siswa dalam proses pembelajaran berdasarkan kurikulum 2013 di SD Negeri 14 Banda Aceh adalah dengan melakukan diskusi dengan orang tua siswa, koordinasi dengan guru lainnya dan juga bertanya dengan siswa lainnya untuk mendapatkan infromasi yang rinci. Kata kunci : Kendala Guru, Penilaian Sikap
La competencia social y el cambio actitudinal en el aula de Secundaria

Resumen:En las últimas décadas se han desarrollado numerosos programas que han tratado de integrar la enseñanza de las actitudes y valores en el campo de las habilidades sociales, la inteligencia emocional y el manejo del conflicto. Sin embargo todo parece indicar que estamos teniendo dificultades para fomentar en la escuela los valores que consideramos necesarios para la convivencia democrática. En este sentido, presentamos una propuesta para enseñar las actitudes y valores en el aula de educación secundaria basada en la experimentación de un ámbito de investigación escolar sobre problemas relacionados con el conflicto y la convivencia. Para indagar en las posibilidades del cambio actitudinal en el aula, se hizo el seguimiento investigativo de su aplicación práctica con un grupo de alumnos de 4º de ESO durante el curso 2010-2011, en un Centro de Atención Preferente situado en el extrarradio de la ciudad de Sevilla. Se estableció un sistema de categorías siguiendo una hipótesis de progresión y se codificaron las unidades de información recogidas en los cuadernos de los alumnos, en las grabaciones de audio de un grupo de debate y en el diario del investigador. El tratamiento cuantitativo, y el análisis cualitativo, de los resultados, muestran la evolución y caracterización de las actitudes en los distintos valores de la hipótesis de progresión, la correlación entre los esquemas cognitivos y la construcción de actitudes y valores, así como la posibilidad de reestructuración de éstos hacia mayores niveles de complejidad a través del trabajo en el aula con temas controvertidos con una metodología investigativa.Abstract:In recent decades numerous programs have been developed trying to integrate the teaching of attitudes and values in the field of social skills, emotional intelligence and conflict management. However it seems that we are having some difficulties in promoting moral values that we consider necessary for democratic coexistence. We present a proposal for teaching attitudes and values in high school classrooms based on an experiment in a Research-in-School Area on issues related to the conflict and coexistence. In order to investigate the possibilities of changing attitudes in classroom, practical application research was carried out with a group of students in the fourth year of secondary school (ESO), during the 2010-2011 academic year, in a Centre of Preferential Attention located on the outskirts of Seville. A system of categories was stablished following a hypothesis of progression and coded information units contained in the students’ notebooks, in the audio recordings of a discussion group and in the researcher's journal. Quantitative treatment and qualitative analysis of the results show the evolution and characterization of attitudes in the different values of the hypothesis of progression, the correlation between cognitive schemes and the construction of attitudes and values, and also the possibility of restructuring these towards higher levels of complexity through work in the classroom with controversial topics with research methodology.
Capturing Affective Experiences using the SMS Experience Sampling (SMS-ES) method

This paper reports the feasibility and methodological considerations of using the Short Message System Experience Sampling (SMS-ES) method, which is an experience sampling research method developed to assist researchers to collect repeat measures of consumers' affective experiences. The method combines SMS with web-based technology in a simple yet effective way. It is described using a practical implementation study that collected consumers' emotions in response to using mobile phones in everyday situations. The method is further evaluated in terms of the quality of data collected in the study, as well as against the methodological considerations for experience sampling studies. These two evaluations suggest that the SMS-ES method is both a valid and reliable approach for collecting consumers' affective experiences. Moreover, the method can be applied across a range of for-profit and not-for-profit contexts where researchers want to capture repeated measures of consumers' affective experiences occurring over a period of time. The benefits of the method are discussed, to assist researchers who wish to apply the SMS-ES method in their own research designs.
Building Event Meanings from Linguistic and Visual Representations: Evidence from Eye Movements

This paper reports three studies that were conducted to explore how the meaning of events is constructed through the use of spoken language comprehension and dynamic scene information. These studies served as an extension of prior work conducted by the present author with the overarching aim of modifying aspects of the methodology to modulate the salience of the linguistic context. Participants eye movements were recorded as they watched short movie clips of everyday events and listened to sentences related to those events. Specifically, we were interested in measuring how quickly the target object in each scene (the grammatical referent of the main verb in each sentence) would be fixated after the verb was uttered, and in some version of the movies, after the agent initiated movement toward the target object (synchronized with the verb onset, known as the disambiguating point). The first experiment replicated a previous study (Experiment 2 in Di Nardo, 2005) with the aim of increasing the visual angle of the scenes, thus reducing attentional shifts without corresponding eye movements. Experiment 2 investigated whether the absence of the linguistic context would alter the pattern of eye movements across the scene. Experiment 3 tested the hypothesis that introducing a more semantically salient initial clause to the sentences would lead to faster eye movements to the target object. Results showed that increasing the visual angle did not serve to reduce saccade onset times (SOTs), although the presence of spoken language did shorten SOTs even in the context of agent motion toward the target object. Finally, introducing semantically restrictive initial clauses produced a mixed pattern of results; SOTs were reduced in the absence of agent motion when the verb was not semantically restrictive, although SOTs were longer when the agent moved toward the target object and the verb was not semantically restrictive. Results are discussed within the framework of the Coordinated Interplay Account (Crocker, Knoeferle, & Mayberry, 2009).
Discrete controller synthesis for fault-tolerant distributed systems

Embedded systems (aeronautics, automotive, .) automatic-control/discrete-event duality: sampled time iterations, mode switches; Using discrete controller synthesis for fault-tolerant distributed systems – p. Embedded systems (aeronautics, automotive, .) automatic-control/discrete-event duality: sampled time iterations, mode switches; critical real-time: timing constraints; Using discrete controller synthesis for fault-tolerant distributed systems – p.2/16 Using discrete controller synthesis for fault-tolerant distributed systems – p.2/16 Using discrete controller synthesis for fault-tolerant distributed systems – p.2/16
Discrete-time mixed-norm H2/H8 controller synthesis

H 2 /H∞ optimal control synthesis enables the design of controllers for simultaneous rejection of both narrow-band and wide-band disturbances and also has applications in robust control. Synthesis equations in the form of coupled Riccati and Lyapunov equations are available for both full-order and reduced-order, continuous-time H 2 /H∞ control design and it is possible to base numerical algorithms on these synthesis equations. However, currently it has not been found feasible to develop such synthesis equations for the equivalent discrete-time problems. This highlights the necessity of parameter optimization approaches to the design of discrete-time H 2 /H∞ controllers. This paper considers H 2 /H∞ discrete-time controller design and develops a solution approach that relies on continuation algorithms. The results are illustrated using a benchmark non-collocated flexible structure example.
Multivariable NNARMAX Model Identification of an AS-WWTP Using ARLS: Part 2 – Dynamic Modeling of the Secondary Settler and Clarifier

This paper presents the formulation and application of an online adaptive recursive least squares (ARLS) algorithm to the nonlinear model identification of the secondary settler/clarifier and the effluent tank of an activated sludge wastewater treatment (AS-WWTP). The performance of the proposed ARLS algorithm is compared with the so-called incremental backpropagation (INCBP) which is also an online identification. These algorithms are validated by one-step and five-step ahead prediction methods. The performance of the two algorithms is also assessed by using the Akaike’s method to estimate the final prediction error (AFPE) of the regularized criterion. The validation results show the superior performance of the proposed ARLS algorithm in terms of much smaller prediction errors when compared to the INCBP algorithm.
Level Set-based CT Liver Computer Aided Diagnosis System

All CT Liver Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system have an objective of giving a hand to radiologist to aid in detecting the lesions. The objective of this paper is to evaluate a new combined approach intended for reliable CT liver image segmentation to separate the liver from other organs and segment the liver into set of regions of interest (ROIs). Three main phases are processed in CAD systems including image filtering, segmentation and classification. The used approach combines the level set with watershed approach used as post segmentation step to produce a reliable segmentation result. Features of first order statistics and grey-level co-occurrence matrix, are calculated and passed to an artificial neural network to be trained and classify lesion ROIs. Filtering is used before the segmentation approach to enhance contrast, remove noise and emphasize certain features as well as connecting ribs around the liver. To evaluate the performance of presented approach, we present tests on different CT liver images. The experimental results obtained, show that the overall accuracy offered by the proposed approach is 92.1% in segmenting CT liver images into set of regions even with noise, and 88.9% average accuracy for neural network classification.
Improving the results of intrusion detection systems

Intrusion detection systems successfully detect intrusions, but the alert-sets they produce suffer from multiple deficiencies. The volume of alerts is difficult to handle, while the percentage of false ones is relatively high. The intruder's attack plan is difficult to be unveiled, as alerts correspond to low level events and the security analyst has to put in a lot of effort, in order to successfully monitor the security status of the protected system.An alerts post-processing system is proposed to improve the results of intrusion detection systems. It transforms the alert-sets produced by multiple intrusion detection sensors to a meaningful live graphical representation, that can timely inform the analyst about occurring events and enable her to further examine these events and react accordingly. The system consists of sensor managers, each one of which is responsible for an intrusion detection sensor's alert flow. They calculate a validity estimation for each alert and aggregate identical alerts. Their outputs are all led to a single clustering subsystem. This merges these flows into a system-wide flow and commits the required clustering between relevant aggregated alerts. It optionally attempts to estimate information about events missed by the intrusion detection sensors. Finally a visualization subsystem produces a three dimensional live graph of existing clusters, in order to provide the analyst with a compact representation of occurring security events.Along with the proposed system, an alternative method for false alerts filtering is discussed. It is based on fuzzy inference systems and efficiently evaluates the validity of alerts, eventually filtering out false ones. Finally a platform for conducting alerts post-processing experiments is presented. It provides users with standard ready to use functionality, while it enables them to reuse theirs or others past components.