Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osseointegration in osteoporotic‐like condition: A systematic review of preclinical studies

Osteoporosis is one of the most common skeletal disorders affecting a significant percentage of people worldwide. Research data suggested that systemic diseases such as osteoporosis could act as risk factors for osseointegration, jeopardizing the healing process and thus the predictability of dental implant success on compromised patients. It is well accepted that preclinical studies in animal models reproducing the osteoporotic condition are one of the most important stages in the research of new biomaterials and therapeutic modalities. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether osteoporosis compromises dental implant osseointegration in experimental osteoporotic-like conditions. A 3-stage systematic literature research was conducted in MEDLINE via OVID and EMBASE up to and including March 2017. Experimental studies reporting on dental implant osseointegration on different osteoporotic animal models were assessed. The studies had to report on the percentage of bone-to-implant contact (%BIC) as the primary outcome. ARRIVE guidelines for reporting on animal research were applied to evaluate the methodological quality and risk of bias of the studies. Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed qualitatively. The most adopted animal model was the rat. A variability of %BIC values was observed, ranging from 30% to 99% and from 26% to 94% for the healthy and osteoporotic group, respectively. The great majority (47) of the included studies concluded that estrogen deficiency significantly affects BIC values, 9 studies stated that it was not possible to observe statistical differences in BIC between ovariectomized and healthy groups and 1 study did not provide a comparison between the healthy and osteoporotic group. Owing to the great heterogeneity in implant surface, study design, observation time-points, site of implant placement and reported outcomes, a meta-analysis could not be performed. An overall high risk of bias was observed, owing to the limited information on animal housing and husbandry, baseline characteristics and health status, ethical statement and allocation to the experimental groups provided. Although the available studies seem to suggest a lower osseointegration in osteoporotic-like conditions, no robust conclusions can be drawn due to the great heterogeneity and overall low quality of the available studies. Future studies with emphasis on minimizing the possible sources of bias and evaluating osseointegration of dental implants placed into jawbones instead of long bones are warranted.
Language Policy Implementation: A Look at Teachers' Perceptions

This study explores teachers’ perceptions of the language policy implementation in the Chinese tertiary context. With data collected from classroom observations and follow-up interviews, the findings revealed a discrepancy between policymakers’ intentions and teachers’ executions. Teachers failed to implement faithfully what was required from policymakers in the classroom. Rather, they conducted teaching based on the classroom and political realities. Their factors were mainly student and departmental, which included large class size, students’ language proficiency, motivation, learning behaviour, perceptions of teachers’ role, and institutional evaluation mechanism on teaching excellence. The implications of this policy implementation point to the importance of understanding why there exists such a discrepancy within that context.
Genomic Selection Accuracy using Historical Data Generated in a Wheat Breeding Program

Cross‐validation (CRV) methods were designed to simulate genomic selection (GS) for yield in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding program with data of 318 genotypes grown over an 11‐yr period at six locations in France. Two methods, CVSWO (cross‐validation‐specific without location as factor) and CVSW (cross‐validation‐specific with location as factor), included 11 folds, each comprising genotypes grown during a specific year and each representing target populations, while the remaining folds comprising genotypes grown during the other 10 yr represented training populations. These methods were compared with CVRWO (cross‐validation‐random without location as factor) and CVRW (cross‐validation‐random with location as factor), designed to simulate standard CRV while retaining the structure of the first two CRV methods; the same 318 genotypes were used to create 11 folds, each comprising randomly selected genotypes. Results suggest the accuracy of the CRV methods using specifically selected genotypes (correlation coefficient between (marker based) estimate of breeding value and observed phenotype [rM] = 0.20) based on years grown were significantly less than methods using randomly selected genotypes (rM = 0.40–0.50). These results imply wheat yield is more difficult to predict for unknown, futuristic years than standard CRV methods suggest. An alternative measure of accuracy based on predicted genotypic ranks, termed predicted rank conversion (PRC), was implemented for the purpose of improving accuracies and reducing the differences between CRV methods.
Epi-and Mesopelagic Fishes, Acoustic Data, and SST Images Collected Off Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, and Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, During Cruise "La Bocaina 04-97"

During cruise „La Bocaina 0497" a series of 14 tows with a commercial pelagic trawl at depths between 20 and 700 m and an acoustic survey with a SIMRAD EK-500 echosounder were carried out in neritic and adjacent oceanic waters off Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, and Gran Canaria, Canary islands. In addition, SST images were obtained to get some informations on the prevailing hydrological conditions in the study area. Of the 14 trawl tows ten were successful and resulted in capture of a total of 2166 fishes belonging to 81 species, 53 genera and 28 families. Ten species proved to be new records for the area of the Canary Islands. The acoustic survey covered a total of 2404 nm2 and allowed to obtain estimates of the abundance and biomass of fishes. Both the fishing results and the acoustic study revealed considerable spatial variability in biomass of chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, an epipelagic species of particular fisheries interest, showing clear variations in the numerical dominance of certain ageor size classes among different collecting localities. Furthermore, some juveniles in the first year of life occurred in the oceanic epipelagic during night together with vertically migrating mesopelagic fishes. Preliminary analyses of the stomach and intestinal content suggest that these juveniles fed close to the bottom during the day before and hence may undertake diurnal horizontal migrations between the shelf and adjacent oceanic waters. It is concluded that the great spatial flexibility of this species requires further monitoring surveys at regular intervals as a basis for establishing a sustainable fisheries management. The acoustic data together with the trawling results demonstrate the existence of a dense deep scattering layer at depths between 400 and 700 m which is composed of mesopelagic fishes and invertebrates. Clear indications of diurnal vertical migrations were found in several species with formation of a shallow scattering layer in less than 150 m depth during night. Together with typical mesopelagic species such as stomiids and myctophids also juveniles of three benthopelagic species, which typically undergo a pelagic stage during early life, were collected. Several individuals of mesopelagic species were collected above the shelf what may reflect the ecological boundary situation at ocean rims typical for oceanic islands and seamounts. Some mesopelagic species collected in this study may be closely associated with distinct hydrological conditions such as the myctophid Ceratoscopelus maderensis which was discovered in the SE of Fuerteventura in an area of possible local upwelling. This finding points to the existence of micro-zoogeographic zones within the Canary islands which derserve further investigation using a small-scaled comparative approach. Inf.TecInstCanarioCienc. Mar. n°5
Blue-Enriched Light Enhances Alertness but Impairs Accurate Performance in Evening Chronotypes Driving in the Morning

Attention maintenance is highly demanding and typically leads to vigilance decrement along time on task. Therefore, performance in tasks involving vigilance maintenance for long periods, such as driving, tends to deteriorate over time. Cognitive performance has been demonstrated to fluctuate over 24 h of the day (known as circadian oscillations), thus showing peaks and troughs depending on the time of day (leading to optimal and suboptimal times of day, respectively). Consequently, vigilance decrements are more pronounced along time on task when it is performed at suboptimal times of day. According to research, light exposure (especially blue-enriched white) enhances alertness. Thus, it has been proposed to prevent the vigilance decrement under such adverse circumstances. We aimed to explore the effects of blue-enriched white light (vs. dim light) on the performance of a simulated driving task at a suboptimal time of day. A group of evening-types was tested at 8 am, as this chronotype had previously shown their largest vigilance decrement at that time. In the dim light condition, vigilance decrements were expected on both subjective (as increments in the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale scores) and behavioral measures [as slower reaction times (RTs) in the auditory Psychomotor Vigilance Task, slower RTs to unexpected events during driving, and deteriorated driving accuracy along time on task]. Physiological activation was expected to decrease (as indexed by an increase of the distal-proximal temperature gradient, DPG). Under blue-enriched white light, all these trends should be attenuated. Results from the control dim light condition replicated the vigilance decrement in all measures. Most important, the blue-enriched white light attenuated this decrement, leading to both lower DPG and faster RTs. However, it impaired accuracy of driving performance, and did not have any effect on subjective sleepiness. We conclude that exposure to blue-enriched light provides an effective countermeasure to enhance vigilance performance at suboptimal times of day, according to measures such as RTs. However, it should be considered that alerting effects of light could impair accuracy in precision tasks as keeping a proper car position. The current findings provide ergonomic implications for safety and fatigue related management systems.
The inaudible rumble of volcanic eruptions

Introduction and Context Th ere are approximately 1,500 volcanoes worldwide that are considered potentially active, defi ned as a volcano at which an eruption has occurred within the past 10,000 years (Global Volcanism Program, 2013; Figure 1). Eruptions are common; for example, more than 50 eruptions have occurred in the United States in the past 31 years (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017). Approximately 500 million people worldwide are directly exposed to volcanic hazards. Th is number is steadily increasing as population density grows in areas near volcanoes. Fortunately, many eruptions are preceded by unrest, and volcano-monitoring scientists use an array of diff erent ground-based, airborne, and spaceborne techniques to detect this unrest, track eruption progression, build understanding of how volcanoes work, and provide timely warnings where possible. However, many potentially active volcanoes are located in remote and inhospitable regions of the planet where it is challenging to install and maintain dedicated local monitoring instruments. Although such volcanoes may be located in sparsely populated areas, explosive eruptions at these remote volcanoes can inject large volumes of ash into heavily traveled aviation routes, posing a major societal and economic hazard (Casadevall, 1994). Volcanic ash consists of tiny particles (<2-mm grain size) of solid rock, with a melting temperature below the operating temperature of jet engines. Encounters between volcanic ash and aircraft have resulted in engine Robin S. Matoza
On the Incompleteness of Axiomatized Models for the Empirical Sciences

Chaos theory has been a fast-growing research area since the early 70's, a decade after the discovery of (an apparently) chaotic behavior in a deterministic nonlinear dynamical system by· E. Lorenz (for references see [4]). Chaos scientists usually proceed in one of two ways: whenever they wish to know if a given physical process is chaotic the usual starting point is to write down the equations that describe the process and out of them formally check whether the process satisfies some of the established mathematical criteria for chaos and randomness. However those equations are in most cases intractable nonlinear differential equations; moreover, in general they have no analytical solutions. Therefore chaos theorists turn to computer simulations. Usually a Mac or a PC will do the trick: the simulation is easily done and for most nonlinear systems one sees a confusing, tangled pattern of trajectories on the screen. The system looks random, chaotic. Better: there are statistical tests such as the Grassberger-Proccacia criterion that guarantee the existence of randomness in a computer-simulated system given certain presuppositions and within a margin of error. Yet statistical tests furnish no mathematical proof of the existence of chaos in a dynamical system. There is always the chance that the system is undergoing a very long and complicated transient state, before it settles down to some nice and regular behavior. Therefore how can we prove that a dynamical system that looks
Speeding Up Set Intersections in Graph Algorithms using SIMD Instructions

In this paper, we focus on accelerating a widely employed computing pattern --- set intersection, to boost a group of graph algorithms. Graph's adjacency-lists can be naturally considered as node sets, thus set intersection is a primitive operation in many graph algorithms. We propose QFilter, a set intersection algorithm using SIMD instructions. QFilter adopts a merge-based framework and compares two blocks of elements iteratively by SIMD instructions. The key insight for our improvement is that we quickly filter out most of unnecessary comparisons in one byte-checking step. We also present a binary representation called BSR that encodes sets in a compact layout. By combining QFilter and BSR, we achieve data-parallelism in two levels --- inter-chunk and intra-chunk parallelism. Moreover, we find that node ordering impacts the performance of intersection by affecting the compactness of BSR. We formulate the graph reordering problem as an optimization of the compactness of BSR, and prove its strong NP-completeness. Thus we propose an approximate algorithm that can find a better ordering to enhance the intra-chunk parallelism. We conduct extensive experiments to confirm that our approach can improve the performance of set intersection in graph algorithms significantly.
BRITS: Bidirectional Recurrent Imputation for Time Series

Time series are widely used as signals in many classification/regression tasks. It is ubiquitous that time series contains many missing values. Given multiple correlated time series data, how to fill in missing values and to predict their class labels? Existing imputation methods often impose strong assumptions of the underlying data generating process, such as linear dynamics in the state space. In this paper, we propose BRITS, a novel method based on recurrent neural networks for missing value imputation in time series data. Our proposed method directly learns the missing values in a bidirectional recurrent dynamical system, without any specific assumption. The imputed values are treated as variables of RNN graph and can be effectively updated during the backpropagation.BRITS has three advantages: (a) it can handle multiple correlated missing values in time series; (b) it generalizes to time series with nonlinear dynamics underlying; (c) it provides a data-driven imputation procedure and applies to general settings with missing data.We evaluate our model on three real-world datasets, including an air quality dataset, a health-care data, and a localization data for human activity. Experiments show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both imputation and classification/regression accuracies.
Physiological adaptations of rainbow trout to chronically elevated water pH (pH = 9.5)

Recent investigations have demonstrated that rainbow trout cope with acute high pH (pH > 9.0) exposure (lasting 3–8 days) through their ability to counteract high-pH-induced disturbances to ammonia excretion (JAmm), acid-base homeostasis, and electrolyte balance. In the present investigation our goal was to establish how these physiological processes were modulated during chronic (28-day) high pH (pH = 9.5) exposure. Chronic high pH led to minimal mortality, and there were no long-term changes in stress indicators levels, such as cortisol or glucose. JAmm was initially reduced by 40% at high pH but rapidly recovered and fluctuated around control rates, thereafter. Decreased JAmm was associated with an initial 2.5-fold increase in plasma ammonin concentrations (TAmm), followed by a return toward pre-exposure levels after 3 days. Overall, plasma TAmm was slightly higher (40–80%) in the treatment fish, and this likely led to plasma PNH3s that were sufficient to sustain JAmm at high pH. White muscle TAmm stores were also chronically elevated, by 50–100%. There was a transient, twofold elevation of JUrea immediately following high-pH exposure, but by 3 days JUrea had returned to control rates and stabilized thereafter. Plasma ion balance was well maintained at high pH, despite a chronic depression of Na+ influx. Even though there was a persistent respiratory alkalosis at alkaline pH, blood pH was effectively regulated by a simultaneous metabolic acid load, which was not associated with increased lactic acid production. White muscle intracellular pH (pHi) was unaltered during high pH exposure. We conclude that the long-term survival of rainbow trout in alkaline environments is facilitated by higher steady-state internal ammonia concentrations, the development of a sustained, compensatory metabolic acidosis which offsets decreased plasma PCO2, and the effective regulation of plasma electrolyte balance. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pyramid Attention Network for Semantic Segmentation

A Pyramid Attention Network(PAN) is proposed to exploit the impact of global contextual information in semantic segmentation. Different from most existing works, we combine attention mechanism and spatial pyramid to extract precise dense features for pixel labeling instead of complicated dilated convolution and artificially designed decoder networks. Specifically, we introduce a Feature Pyramid Attention module to perform spatial pyramid attention structure on high-level output and combining global pooling to learn a better feature representation, and a Global Attention Upsample module on each decoder layer to provide global context as a guidance of low-level features to select category localization details. The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on PASCAL VOC 2012 and Cityscapes benchmarks with a new record of mIoU accuracy 84.0% on PASCAL VOC 2012, while training without COCO dataset.
Influence of waterborne cations on zinc uptake and toxicity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The effects of waterborne cations on 65Zn uptake, Zn toxicity, and relationships with Ca uptake were examined in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in soft water. Whole-body Zn uptake (waterborne [Zn] = 100 μg·L-1 = 1.5 μM) was greatly reduced by a variety of cations. This reduction was directly related to the concentration of positive charges, regardless of which ion carried that charge. Thus, 1.0 mM Na+, K+, NH4+, and N-methyl-D-glucamine+ and 0.5 mM Mg2+ (divalent) reduced Zn uptake to a similar extent (approx. 50%), indicating a relatively nonspecific competition for anionic sites on the gill. Ca2+ was an exception and was more potent at reducing Zn uptake, likely because only Ca2+ would also compete for absorption. Although Na+ and Mg2+ were able to markedly reduce Zn uptake, they had no effect on Zn toxicity (measured with 96-h LC50 tests), a result paralleled by their inability to restore Ca2+ uptake that was inhibited by Zn. In contrast, Ca2+ reduced Zn toxicity and restored Ca2+ uptake.
Variable bit truncation technique for approximate stochastic computing (ASC)

Lately, stochastic computing (SC) has been found to be significantly advantageous in image processing applications because of its lower hardware complexity and power consumption. However, its viability is deemed to be limited due to excessive run-time requirement. In this paper, a new technique called the variable bit truncation approximate stochastic computing (ASC) approach focusing on image processing applications is proposed to reduce the computation time of a SC with an acceptable trade-off in accuracy. The proposed technique is to variably truncate the low-order bits of the image pixel value depending on the application and the accuracy limits. Experimental results on standard test images for multiple image processing applications suggest that by using this approach acceptable output images can be generated using stochastic computation at a much faster way.
An Explicit Formula for the Magnetic Polarizability Tensor for Object Characterization

The magnetic polarizability tensor (MPT) has attracted considerable interest due to the possibility it offers for characterizing conducting objects and assisting with the identification and location of hidden targets in metal detection. An explicit formula for its calculation for arbitrary-shaped objects is missing in the electrical engineering literature. Furthermore, the circumstances for the validity of the magnetic dipole approximation of the perturbed field, induced by the presence of the object, are not fully understood. On the other hand, in the applied mathematics community, an asymptotic expansion of the perturbed magnetic field has been derived for small objects and a rigorous formula for the calculation of the MPT has been obtained. The purpose of this paper is to relate the results of the two communities, to provide a rigorous justification for the MPT, and to explain the situations in which the approximation is valid.
Benthic foraminifera from Pine Island and Ferrero bays, Amundsen Sea

Twenty one core tops from the central part of Pine Island Bay and nearby Ferrero Bay were collected in early 2010. They originate from a poorly studied area of the Amundsen Sea influenced at greater depths by relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water. Almost all samples came from water−depths between 550 and 900 m and yield benthic foraminiferal assemblages of moderate variability with a significant decrease in calcareous forms with increasing water−depth. In total, 93 benthic taxa, belonging to 71 genera, are identified at the species level. They share a greater percentage of common species with the Ross Sea than with South Shetland Islands, most likely due to stronger climatic dissimilar− ity with the latter. Interestingly, the assemblages from Pine Island Bay, share the greatest numbers of taxa with assemblages described from Lützow−Holm Bay in East Antarctica, where the influence of Circumpolar Deep Water has been also recognized.