Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Communication for Clinical Leaders in Mental Health Nursing: The Perspective of Nurses Working in Mental Health

Communication has been identified as an important attribute of clinical leadership in nursing. However, there is a paucity of research on its relevance in mental health nursing. This article presents the findings of a grounded theory informed study exploring the attributes and characteristics required for effective clinical leadership in mental health nursing, specifically the views of nurses working in mental health about the importance of effective communication in day to day clinical leadership. In-depth interviews were conducted to gain insight into the participants’ experiences and views on clinical leadership in mental health nursing. The data that emerged from these interviews were constantly compared and reviewed, ensuring that any themes that emerged were based on the participants' own experiences and views. Participants recognized that effective communication was one of the attributes of effective clinical leadership and they considered communication as essential for successful working relationships and improved learning experiences for junior staff and students in mental health nursing. Four main themes emerged: choice of language; relationships; nonverbal communication, and listening and relevance. Participants identified that clinical leadership in mental health nursing requires effective communication skills, which enables the development of effective working relationships with others that allows them to contribute to the retention of staff, improved outcomes for clients, and the development of the profession.
DEATH OF A NATURALIST.

What do you do to start reading death of a naturalist? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this death of a naturalist.
Comparison of clinical symptoms in autism and Asperger's disorder.

OBJECTIVE To determine what clinical symptoms clinicians have been using to distinguish between Asperger's disorder (AsD) and autistic disorder (AD). METHOD Parents of children and adolescents with high-functioning AD (n = 48) and AsD (n = 69) were given a structured interview based on DSM-III-R and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Information regarding early and current symptom presentation and family, developmental, and verbal mental age information were collected. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine which variables best predicted clinician's diagnosis. RESULTS A number of clinical variables predicted diagnosis. Delayed language onset was the only variable of the family and developmental variables that predicted diagnosis. The AsD group was also significantly higher than the AD group in verbal mental age. CONCLUSION Clinicians appear to be diagnosing AsD and AD on the basis of published research and case study accounts. The findings question whether DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria adequately describe the AsD individual, particularly in the communication domain.
Effect of prostaglandin E1 infusion on leukocyte traffic and fibrosis in acute lung injury induced by bleomycin in hamsters

ObjectiveTo determine whether the iv infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) could modify the early influx of neutrophils into bleomycin-injured lungs and if that would affect subsequent development of inflammation and fibrosis. Background and MethodsIn vivo controlled animal study performed in a university hospital pulmonary research laboratory.Male Syrian golden hamsters (100− to 110-g body weight) were divided into four treatment groups: a) No treatment; b) intratracheal bleomycin plus PGE1 infusion; c) bleomycin plus saline infusion; d) PGE1 infusion only. PGE1 (180 ng/hr·100 g) or saline were infused iv 3 to 25 hr after intratracheal instillation of bleomycin sulfate (0.5 U/0.5 mL·100 g). Total and differential counts of cells recovered by lavage, lavage fluid protein, and lung total protein and hydroxyproline levels were measured from 6 hr to 30 days later. ResultsPGE1 infusion reduced the influx of neutrophils 6 hr after bleomycin injury by 53% compared with saline infusion (p < .0001), but increased inflammatory cell traffic after 24 hr for 15 days. At 4 days, protein recovered in lung lavage fluid was also decreased in PGE1-treated, bleomycin-injured animals, reflecting reduced injury to lung permeability barriers. Accumulation of lung collagen in the PGE1-treated, bleomycin-instilled hamsters tended to be lower than in the bleomycin-injured, saline-infused group at 15 and 30 days, although these differences did not achieve statistical significance. Despite this fact, >33% of the animals in the PGE1-treated group died, possibly indicating an increased risk of sepsis in these animals. ConclusionsPGE1 infusion can decrease early neutrophil traffic and reduce injury to the lung permeability barriers. However, this treatment augments late inflammatory events and does not significantly alter the development of fibrosis. (Crit Care Med 1991; 19:211)
Prevalence, proportions, and identities of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the oral microflora of healthy children.

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, proportions and identities of oral bacteria resistant to six antibiotics in 35 children (4-5 years old) who had not received antibiotics during the previous 3 months. Ampicillin-, penicillin-, erythromycin-, and tetracycline-resistant bacteria were harbored by 35 (100%), 34 (97%), 35 (100%), and 34 (97%) children, respectively. None of the children harbored metronidazole-resistant anaerobic bacteria or Gram-positive vancomycin-resistant bacteria. The median percentage of the oral microflora resistant to each of the antibiotics was ampicillin 1% (range 0.1-23), erythromycin 13% (1-45), penicillin 1% (0-14), and tetracycline 2% (0-88). A total of 432 antibiotic-resistant isolates were recovered that comprised 18 genera and 47 species. Ampicillin resistance was widely distributed throughout different genera and species, whereas tetracycline resistance was predominately found in the streptococci. Multiresistant bacteria were frequently isolated with 28% of isolates exhibiting resistance to two or more antibiotics. Veillonella spp. , traditionally considered susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin, were found frequently to be resistant to these two antibiotics. This study demonstrates that a diverse collection of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic, opportunistic, and nonpathogenic bacteria can be readily isolated from, and in some subjects dominate, the oral microflora of primary school children in the absence of recently administered antibiotics.
The Transcription Factor Spi-1/PU.1 Binds RNA and Interferes with the RNA-binding Protein p54(*)

The protooncogene for Spi-1/PU.1 is an Ets-related transcription factor overexpressed during Friend erythroleukemia. The molecular basis by which Spi-1/PU.1 is involved in the erythroleukemic process remains to be elucidated. By using an immobilized protein binding assay, we have identified a 55-kDa protein as a putative partner of Spi-1/PU.1 protein. Microsequence analysis revealed that this 55-kDa protein was p54 (nuclear RNA-binding protein, 54 kDa) a RNA-binding protein highly similar to the splicing factor PSF (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor). In this paper, we show that Spi-1/PU.1 impedes the binding of p54 to RNA and alters the splicing process in vitro. Moreover, we present evidence that the transcriptional factor Spi-1/PU.1, unlike other Ets proteins, is able to bind RNA. Altogether, these results raise the intriguing possibility that the functional interference observed between Spi-1/PU.1 and RNA-binding proteins might represent a novel mechanism in malignant erythropoiesis.
An open label pilot investigation of the efficacy of Botulinum toxin type A [Dysport] injection in the rehabilitation of chronic anterior knee pain

Purpose. To examine the effect of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A [Dysport®] to reduce relative overactivity of the vastus lateralis [VL] muscle, in conjunction with re-training of vastus medialis [VM] muscle as an adjunct to rehabilitation for chronic anterior knee pain. Method. Eight females with chronic (>6 months) history of anterior knee pain, who had failed conservative management, were studied in this open label pilot study. Intramuscular Dysport® injection [300 – 500 units] to the distal third of VL muscle was followed by a 12-week customized home exercise programme to improve recruitment of VM muscle and functional knee control. VL and VM muscle cross sectional area from a standardized spiral CT sequence, isometric quadriceps strength (dynamometry), timed stair task, self-reported pain and disability were assessed. Results. Subjects reported reduced knee pain and brace dependency and increased participation in sporting and daily living activities. Isometric quadriceps muscle strength was maintained or improved despite significant atrophy, evident on CT, of the distal component of VL in the treated limb. Time taken to ascend and descend a flight of stairs improved in all subjects. Subjective and objective improvements were maintained at 24-week follow-up. Conclusions. These pilot data provide preliminary support for the role of Dysport® as an adjunct to non-surgical management of individuals with chronic anterior knee pain. Larger double blind, randomized, placebo-injection controlled studies of this novel approach to improving patellofemoral mechanics are needed to establish the efficacy of this intervention.
The intra-uterine device (IUD) of the immediate postpartum a comparative study between the caesarean IUD and the IUD inserted after a natural delivery

This study aims to determine the epidemiological profile of patients who have been placed IUDs per caesarean section after vaginal delivery and assess the complications of the IUD put in after caesarean section and vaginal delivery. This was a prospective randomized study of cases of IUD placed during caesarean section and after vaginal birth in the service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, at the Centre Hospitalier de Ndioum. The study was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2013. We included all patients who met the WHO IUD eligibility criteria. The variables studied were the socio-demographic characteristics, pregnancy and delivery peculiarities, the inserting and monitoring methods of the IUD. We used the 3.5. 3version of software EPI6 info and software R3.0. 2 for data analysis. Inserting an IUD Tcu 380 A was performed in103 women among whom 52 during caesarean section (50.5%) and 51 in the immediate postpartum see low (49.5%). 4 cases of expulsion was noted, 3.9% of cases. Pain after IUD insertion in per-Caesarean section was found in 11.8% against 25% in postpartum M1; M3 was 32% against 46.6% and M62% against 0%. IUD insertion per-cesarean has an acceptable expulsion and no increased risk of adverse events rates. This technique should be popularized. Correspondence to: Ousmane Thiam, Regional hospital of Ndioum, Senegal, Tel: 00 (221) 77 5085071; E-mail: cassoumane@yahoo.fr
Surface changes and acid dissolution of enamel after carbamide peroxide bleach treatment.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of home bleaching (carbamide peroxide) on enamel surface morphology and the degree of acid dissolution. METHODS Buccal surfaces of 15 caries-free human premolars were used in the study. The 15 teeth were cut in half in a buccal-lingual direction at midline; in total, 15 pairs of specimens were obtained. Group A consisted of five pairs that studied surface morphology change and Group B consisted of 10 pairs that studied the susceptibility of bleached enamel to acid dissolution. Tooth halves were prepared following a fluoride-free prophylaxis paste cleaning. One half of the tooth was untreated (control), and the other half was bleached (experimental) for eight hours daily for 10 days using 10% carbamide peroxide. Tooth samples were then stored in distilled water for seven days, after which scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on Group A. Only halves from the same tooth were compared to rule out natural variations between teeth. Group B was etched with 37% phosphoric acid before being examined by SEM. The severity of the acid attack was graded from I to V, and the grades of each pair were compared. RESULTS Results of the SEM observation showed that surface porosity slightly increased after bleaching, and more surface dissolution by phosphoric acid was seen with bleached, compared to unbleached, enamel.
Duration of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage, According to Risk Factors for Acquisition

Objective. To examine the duration of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage and its determinants and the influence of eradication regimens. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. A 1,033-bed tertiary care university hospital in Bern, Switzerland, in which the prevalence of methicillin resistance among S. aureus isolates is less than 5%. Patients. A total of 116 patients with first-time MRSA detection identified at University Hospital Bern between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2003, were followed up for a mean duration of 16.2 months. Results. Sixty-eight patients (58.6%) cleared colonization, with a median time to clearance of 7.4 months. Independent determinants for shorter carriage duration were the absence of any modifiable risk factor (receipt of antibiotics, use of an indwelling device, or presence of a skin lesion) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.20 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.09-0.42]), absence of immunosuppressive therapy (HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.23-1.02]), and hemodialysis (HR, 0.08 [95% CI, 0.01-0.66]) at the time MRSA was first MRSA detected and the administration of decolonization regimen in the absence of a modifiable risk factor (HR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.36-3.64]). Failure of decolonization treatment was associated with the presence of risk factors at the time of treatment (P = .01). Intermittent screenings that were negative for MRSA were frequent (26% of patients), occurred early after first detection of MRSA (median, 31.5 days), and were associated with a lower probability of clearing colonization (HR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.17-0.67]) and an increased risk of MRSA infection during follow-up. Conclusions. Risk factors for MRSA acquisition should be carefully assessed in all MRSA carriers and should be included in infection control policies, such as the timing of decolonization treatment, the definition of MRSA clearance, and the decision of when to suspend isolation measures.
Early-Life Conditions, Rapid Demographic Changes, and Older Adult Health in the Developing World

The demographic transition of the 1930s–1960s dramatically improved life expectancy in some developing countries. Cohorts born during this time are increasingly characterized by their survivorship of poor early-life conditions, such as poor nutrition and infectious diseases. As a result, they are potentially more susceptible to the effects of these conditions at older ages. This study examines this conjecture by comparing obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in older adults born in the beginning portion of the 1930s–1960s across different mortality regimes using a subset of harmonized cross-national data from seven low- and middle-income countries (RELATE, n = 16,836). Using birthplace and height as indicators of early-life conditions, the results show (1) higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes and higher likelihood of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in middle-income countries, but (2) no convincing evidence to indicate stronger effects of early-life conditions on health in these countries. However, shorter adults living in urban areas were more likely to be obese, indicating the overall importance of early-life conditions and the potential negative impact of urban exposures during adulthood. Obesity results may foreshadow the health of future cohorts born in the later portion of the 1930s–1960s as they reach older ages (60+).
Roles of external ions in the excitation-contraction coupling of frog skeletal muscle.

1. The effects of replacement or concentration change of a constituent ion of Ringer's solution on the twitch tension and action potential of frog sartorius muscle were investigated.2. The Na removal within the limit of 75% improved the excitation-contraction coupling.3. The excess K facilitated the excitation-contraction coupling under the limit of 9 mEq.4. In the depolarized muscle, the excess Ca facilitated the coupling, but in the non-depolarized muscle, the twitch tension was depressed by the excess Ca, while the spike height increased.5. In Ca-free Ringer's solution, none of significant change in mechanical response was observed at single or low frequency stimulation. But the maintenance tension at high frequency stimulation fell down far quickly than the control.6. The Cl removal improved the excitation-contraction coupling.7. TEA, substituted for Na, and anomalous anions, substituted for Cl, prolonged the duration of spike potential and increased the negative after-potential as well as the twitch tension. The relation between electrical change and mechanicalresponse, however, was not uniform. Because the specific effect of each ion was superposed on the general effect of Na and/or Cl removal.8. The significance of Ca-entry to the excitation-contraction coupling as related to the depolarization and Na-permeability, and the dual (general and specific) effects of ion substitution were discussed.
Oscillatory bursting of phasically firing rat supraoptic neurones in low‐Ca2+ medium: Na+ influx, cytosolic Ca2+ and gap junctions.

1. Whole‐cell patch recordings were obtained from supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurones in horizontal brain slices of adult male rats. Low‐Ca2+ or Ca(2+)‐free perifusion medium induced oscillatory bursting activity in all sixty‐nine cells displaying both phasic firing and depolarizing after‐potentials (DAPs). In fifteen non‐phasic cells without DAPs, Ca(2+)‐free medium produced little or no oscillatory bursting. 2. Typical bursts started with rapid membrane depolarization, resulting in a plateau with superimposed action potentials, and ended several hundred milliseconds later in swift repolarization. Prominent bursting was observed at membrane potentials from ‐50 to ‐70 mV, with maximum amplitudes of 12.2 +/‐ 0.7 mV (mean +/‐ S.E.M.) around ‐70 mV. Development of oscillatory bursting was dependent on reduction of [Ca2+]o, with a threshold for the bursting < or = 1.2 mM Ca2+. 3. Bursting was abolished by addition of TTX, Co2+, Ni2+ or Mg2+ into the Ca(2+)‐free medium, or by replacement of external Na+ with choline or Li+. Low concentrations of TEA or increased [K+]o prolonged burst durations and enlarged oscillation amplitudes. 4. Voltage‐clamp techniques were used to examine the persistent Na+ current (INaP), and revealed that low [Ca2+]o shifted the threshold for INaP activation in a negative direction and enhanced the amplitude of this current. These changes in INaP were abolished by adding Co2+ or Mg2+ to Ca(2+)‐free medium. 5. Direct diffusion of BAPTA or heparin into neurones or bath application of ryanodine suppressed bursting. Oscillations were also eliminated by the uncoupling agents heptanol, halothane or acidification. 6. CNQX, APV, bicuculline, CGP35348 (GABAB receptor antagonist), promethazine, atropine, d‐tubocurarine and suramin had no obvious effects on oscillatory bursting. Blockers of transient Ca2+, or hyperpolarization‐activating cation currents also did not alter bursting activity. 7. These results suggest that intrinsic burst activity in SON neurons perifused with low‐Ca2+ or Ca(2+)‐free medium involves enhanced Na+ influx through persistent Na+ channels, and requires the presence of rapid intracellular Ca2+ mobilization that might also explain the selective existence of oscillatory bursting in phasically firing cells. Intercellular communication through gap junctions appears to be important in determining neuronal activity of the neuroendocrine cells in low‐Ca2+ medium.
Methylation of cortical brain proteins from patients with HIV infection

Objectives‐ Experimental models of vitamin B12 deficient‐neuropathy are characterized by central nervous system protein hypomethylation. The encephalitis/vacuolar myelopathy complicating HIV infection and subacute combined degeneration of the cord due to vitamin B12 deficiency share similar biochemical and pathological abnormalities. Altered central nervous system methylation may be important in the pathogenesis of HIV encephalitis. To test this hypothesis we compared brain protein methylation of HIV‐positive, and control, subjects. Materials and methods ‐ Carboxymethyltransferase activity was assayed in postmortem cortical brain samples obtained from 16 control patients (9 males); mean age (59 ± 5.1 years, range 21–87 years), 9 HIV‐positive patients (7 males, 6IVDA, 3 homosexual, 4 with HIV encephalitis, mean age 37, range 23–45), and 3 patients with Alzheimer's disease (mean age 78 years). Results‐ The amount of radiolabelled SAM (S‐adenosylmethionine) incorporated into carboxymethyl, and N‐methylation sites within brain proteins from cortical white matter in vitro was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the HIV+ group vs controls. Carboxymethyltransferase activity was similar in the HIV‐infected brains irrespective of the presence or absence of HIV encephalitis. Mean cortical methyl group incorporation was also lower in the Alzheimer's disease group compared to controls. Conclusion ‐ The observation of reduced in vitro methylation of brain proteins from patients with HIV infection and Alzheimer's disease suggests that fewer unmethylated sites exist due to relative protein hypermethylation in vivo. The absence of hypomethylation in the brains of patients with HIV encephalitis suggests that hypomethylation is not necessary for the development of HIV encephalitis.
Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling regulates mammalian inner ear development independent of lateral inhibition

Abstract Conclusion: Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling regulates hair cell (HC) production in a distinct way rather than lateral inhibition mediated by Hes1 and Hes5. Jagged1 may interact with Notch3, probably via candidate downstream mediators Hesr1 and Hesr2, regulating the prosensory formation in the early stage. Objectives: To explore the function of the Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling pathway in mammalian inner ear development and its possible mechanism. Methods: Using conditional gene targeting, a novel Jagged1 conditional knockout (Jag1-cko), Pax8cre/+; Jag1flox/flox, was established. The auditory brainstem response and swim ability test were utilized to identify functional disability. The expression of Jagged1, Notch3, Hes1, Hesr1, and Hesr2 was detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Results: Our Jag1-cko model was established and survived well. It presented hearing impairment and balance disturbance with ‘waltzing' behavior. Cochleae and vestibular apparatus were all found in our Jag1-cko model. Patch deficiency of outer hair cells (OHCs) was found on the apical and middle turns of the auditory epithelium. OHCs were totally missing on the basal turn. The stereociliary bundles were disorientated on the cristae. Unlike Hes1, no expression of Notch3, Hesr1, and Hesr2 was found on embryonic day 13.5 of the Jag1-cko model.