Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LOCAL LINEAR FITTING UNDER NEAR EPOCH DEPENDENCE

Local linear fitting of nonlinear processes under strong (i.e., α-) mixing conditions has been investigated extensively. However, it is often a difficult step to establish the strong mixing of a nonlinear process composed of several parts such as the popular combination of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic (GARCH) models. In this paper we develop an asymptotic theory of local linear fitting for near epoch dependent (NED) processes. We establish the pointwise asymptotic normality of the local linear kernel estimators under some restrictions on the amount of dependence. Simulations and application examples illustrate that the proposed approach can work quite well for the medium size of economic time series.We thank Yuichi Kitamura and two referees for helpful comments. This research was partially supported by a Leverhulme Trust research grant, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Economic and Social Science Research Council of the UK.
The Role of Families in the Treatment of Eating Disorders in Adolescents: an Analysis of Family-Based Models

Eating disorders indicate a significant degree of psychological impairment among adolescents. In addition, family members of relatives with eating disorders experience difficulties that result in high levels of distress. This paper presents a general overview of the theoretical and research literature that explores family therapy for the treatment of eating disorders in adolescents as well as the Adlerian perspective and treatment of eating disorders. Family-based treatment models specifically designed and recommended for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa along with treatment models sufficient for all of the eating disorders will be discussed. These treatment models offer guidance and support to reduce eating disorder symptoms in the adolescent, and to promote positive communication and relational skills within the family system. THE ROLE OF FAMILIES 3
Predicting VNF Deployment Decisions under Dynamically Changing Network Conditions

In addition to providing network operators with benefits in terms of flexibility and cost efficiency, softwarization paradigms like SDN and NFV are key enablers for the concept of Service Function Chaining (SFC). The corresponding networks need to support a wide range of services and applications with highly heterogeneous requirements that change dynamically during the network’s lifetime. Hence, efficient management and operation of such networks requires a high degree of automation that is paired with fast and proactive decisions in order to cope with these phenomena.In particular, determining the optimal number of VNF instances that is required for accommodating current and upcoming demands is a crucial task that also affects subsequent management decisions. To enable fast and proactive decisions in this context, we propose a machine learning-based approach that uses recent monitoring data to predict whether to adapt the current number of VNF instances of a given type. Furthermore, we present a methodology for generating labeled training data that reflects temporal dynamics and heterogeneous demands of real world networks. We demonstrate the feasibility of the approach using two different network topologies that represent WAN and mobile edge computing use cases, respectively. Additionally, we investigate how well the models generalize among networks and provide guidelines regarding the prediction horizon, i.e., how far ahead predictions can be performed in a reliable manner.
Simulation of rear surface contamination for a simple bluff body

Predicting the accumulation of material on the rear surfaces of square-backed cars is important to vehicle manufacturers, as this progressively compromises rear vision, vehicle visibility and aesthetics. It also reduces the effectiveness of rear mounted cameras. Here, this problem is represented by a simple bluff body with a single sprayer mounted centrally under its rear trailing edge. A Very Large Eddy Simulation (VLES) solver is used to simulate both the aerodynamics of the body and deposition of contaminant. Aerodynamic drag and lift coefficients were predicted to within +1.3% and −4.2% of their experimental values, respectively. Wake topology was also correctly captured, resulting in a credible prediction of the rear surface deposition pattern. Contaminant deposition is mainly driven by the lower part of the wake ring vortex, which advects material back onto the rear surface. This leads to a maximum below the rear stagnation point and an association with regions of higher base pressure. The accumulation of mass is linear with time; the relative distribution changing little as the simulation progresses, implying that shorter simulations can be compared to longer experiments. Further, the rate of accumulation quickly reaches a settled mean value, suggesting utility as a metric for assessing different vehicles.
STATE TAX POLICY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

We expand the literature on state taxes and entrepreneurship in several ways. First, we estimate dynamic panel regressions rather than fixed effects models in order to account for the inertia in taxes and small business outcomes. Second, while prior research has focused on extensive-margin indicators of small business activity such as self-employment rates, we consider more policy-relevant intensive-margin measures drawn from nonfarm proprietors' income and employment data. Third, we examine a longer panel (1978-2009) of state data. We conclude that major state tax policies do not have statistically significant impacts on entrepreneurial performance.
The direction of innovation and buyout preference reversal

The paper studies the choice of innovation in the presence of buyouts. We present a two firm setting model with an entrant and incumbent where the entrant selects a technology. The choice of technologies is a sequential innovation and a radical one. We find that the ability to buyout affects the direction of innovation towards sequential innovations, that is, there exist cases where if no buyouts can occur, the radical innovation would have been pursued but the option to buyout creates a preference reversal. This effect only exists if the entrant has bargaining power. We show that this holds for both Bertrand and Cournot Competition. Finally we discuss the welfare implications of buyouts in this two technology paradigm and the link to the Coase theorem. JEL: L41 L25 L26 L51
Soil greenhouse gas fluxes and net global warming potential from intensively cultivated vegetable fields in southwestern China

Vegetable fields in China are characterized with intensive fertilization and cultivation, and their net effect on the global warming deserves attention. Greenhouse gas fluxes were thus measured, using a static closed chamber method, over approximately 18 months in two typical subtropical vegetable fields with different soil types and contrasting soil properties. Five consecutive crops were planted in one field and four in the other. Intensive fertilization consistently stimulated soil N 2 O emission, while imposed complicated impact on soil respiration with CO 2 emission enhanced in one field and suppressed in the other field. The fertilizer-induced N 2 O emission factors (EFs) varied with individual crop phases and averaged 1.4 to 3.1% across the whole sampling period for different fields. The interaction of soil temperature and moisture could explain about 58% of the seasonal variation in the EFs. All the soils under different vegetable cropping systems were net sources of atmospheric radiative forcing and the net global warming potential over the entire study period ranged from 1,786 to 3,569 g CO 2 equivalence m -2
Sources of Alpha and Beta in Property Funds

This paper examines issues related to potential analytical performance systems for global property funds. These will include traditional attribution methods but will also cover the performance concepts of alpha and beta widely used in other asset classes. We look at issues including.what creates beta, and what drives alpha in real estate investment? How can it be measured and isolated? How do these concepts relate to traditional attribution systems? Can performance records and performance fees adequately distinguish between these drivers? In this paper we illustrate these issues by reference to a case study addressing the complete performance record of a single unlisted fund.
Different polarised topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) bands for shoreline change mapping.

This study introduced a new approach for coastal erosion and sedimentation monitoring. In doing so, the airbone topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) polarized data is used with the conventional techniques of mapping shoreline rate changes, which is based on the estimation of historical vector layers. The main problem for shoreline identification is raised up due to speckles impact. Therefore, the speckle reductions are performed by using an adaptive filter algorithm to identify the coastline edge morphology. In this context, Lee algorithm, combination of linear contrast, Gaussian and histogram equalization enhancement is used. Thus the manual vector layer digitizing is applied to extract the coastline for the different polarized bands. Further, the accuracy assement is determined based on the statistical analysis of T-test. Indeed, T-test is used to determine the significant distinction between the TOPSAR different polarized bands. For more precisely, SPOT satellite data are used with near real time in situ measurements to determine appropriate band for shoreline change estimation. The results show that the C vv band is performed better than other bands with root mean square error of ± 0.9 m and r 2 of 0.73. This confirms with T-test in which there is a major difference between C and L bands.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY BUDGET IN THE ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE LAYER

Urban activities and pollutant dispersions take place in the atmospheric surface layer, the bottom of the atmosphere, whose depth is on the order of several tens or hundreds meters. Characterizing turbulence in the surface layer is of great significance in urban air quality research, and has a major role in policy and regulatory decision, urban design, and air pollution control. The turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) budget, which associates the change of turbulence per unit time to mechanical production, buoyancy production or destruction, turbulent energy dissipation, and transport by mean flow, turbulent fluctuations, and pressure fluctuations, finds its applications in both empirical and computational approaches. This study utilizes experimental data collected in an open filed in Hanford, WA in 2002 to investigate the TKE budget in the surface layer. The TKE budget was normalized and all terms were parameterized as functions of a stability parameter z/L, where z is a distance from the ground and L is the MoninObukhov length. The mechanical, buoyancy and dissipation terms, are found to be imbalanced due to a large net transport term. This imbalance suggests imperfection of the Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST), which is widely used as the major parameterization in the surface layer. Modifications on the TKE parameterization derived from MOST were attempted and generated good agreement with the experimental data.
Managerial Constraint : The Intersection Between Organizational Task Environment and Discretion

Managerial constraint is a central theme in strategic management research. Although discussed using a variety of labels (including choice and determinism) and theoretical perspectives (including resource dependence and population ecology), the common question is the degree to which executives have choices or options when making decisions. Two of the most commonly used approaches for discussing constraint are organizational task environments (Dess & Beard, 1984) and managerial discretion (Hambrick & Finkelstein,1987). These two papers share substantial commonalities in both their theoretical background and operationalization, raising the question of whether discretion and task environment are indeed separate constructs. This chapter reviews both conceptual and methodological issues associated with the use of task environment and discretion. Drawing on a review of published studies and original data analysis, we offer methodological suggestions for future research. Forthcoming in D. Ketchen and D. Bergh Research Methodology in Strategy and Management, Volume 3. Elsevier, in press.
Competition to commit crime: An economic experiment on illegal logging using behavioral game theory

This study constructs an economic experiment using behavioral game theory to figure out policies that discourage illegal logging in Thailand. A player is assigned to be either a police or an outlaw in the game. The game randomly matches two players in different roles. The lawbreaker can offer a bribe to police under uncertainties whether the police may refuse it or reject the offer because of too small amount of the bribe. Even when bribery is accepted, it is still uncertain for an lawbreaker that he may be arrested afterwards. The study compares the decisions to give bribe and commit illegal logging in two scenarios. First, it compares the results between two regimes of incentives for police; high punishment with low reward versus low punishment with high reward. Second, it compares the decisions of an lawbreaker when he is independent to other lawbreakers and when he faces competitions among lawbreakers. Findings show that most of lawbreakers offer bribes to police. Lawbreakers under a competitive situation offer higher amount of bribe. Police tends to accept briberies and let the outlaws commit the logging. However, illegal logging is relatively discouraged when police is attracted by high arresting reward rather than suppressed by strong punishment for not arresting the lawbreakers. The study concludes that despite illegal logging is naturally attractive for lawbreakers especially in the competitive situation it can be discouraged by applying the incentive of high arresting reward to police.
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURES IN SPARK GENERATED BUBBLES OSCILLATING IN WATER

The surface temperatures of the plasma core in the final stages of the first contraction phase of spark-generated bubbles oscillating under ordinary laboratory conditions in a large expanse of water are determined experimentally. The measurement method is based on an analysis of the optical radiation from the bubbles and on the assumption that the plasma core is radiating as a black-body. It is found that the maximum surface temperatures of the plasma core range 4300–8700 K.
The Detection of Potential Carcinogenic PAH Using HPLC Procedure in Two Different Smoked Fish, Case Study: Istanbul/Turkey

In this study, 24 samples of smoked fish products were analysed in order to investigate the levels of the potently carcinogenic PAHs. Salmon and rainbow trout samples were tested with a liquid choromatographic (HPLC) method. In none of the smoked fish products benzo(a)pyrene, one of the potential carcinogenic PAH compounds limited in food codex alimentarious was detected. However, benzo(a)antrecene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, compounds which could be carcinogenic for humans, were detected in the smoked samples. There is a significant correlation between the fish fat and the total PAHs level. Consequently the average fat contents of the smoked salmon were significantly higher than that of the smoked rainbow trout. It was also detected that the total PAH amount variations of the smoked fish samples were due to the non-homogenous smoke dispersion in the traditional ovens and it was difficult to obtain homogenous smoked fish products from traditional ovens.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) and Trophoblast Invasion

• des Dachverbands Reproduktionsbiologie und -medizin (DVR), • der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Reproduktionsmedizin (DGRM), • der Osterreichischen Gesellschaft fur Reproduktionsmedizin und Endokrinologie (OEGRM), • der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur Reproduktionsmedizin (SGRM), • der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Andrologie (DGA), • des Bundesverbandes Reproduktionsmedizinischer Zentren Deutschlands (BRZ), • der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Gynakologische Endokrinologie und Fortpflanzungsmedizin (DGGEF), • der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Reproduktionsbiologie des Menschen (AGRBM), • der Sektion Reproduktionsbiologie und -medizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Endokrinologie (SRBM/DGE) Signal Transducer and Activator of
Pretreatment with epidermal growth factor promotes primary hair recovery in the chemotherapy-induced alopecia

Pretreatment with epidermal growth factor promotes primary hair recovery in the chemotherapy-induced alopecia Seung Hwan Paik, M.D. (Director: Professor, Oh Sang Kwon, M.D., Ph.D.) Clinical Medical Science The Graduate School Seoul National University Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is not only a potent cell growth stimulant but also has a catagen-inducing effect on hair follicles. Because chemotherapeutic agents primarily damage anagen hair follicles, it would be important to investigate whether catagen inducers have beneficial effects in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). I pretreated hair follicles with a vehicle or EGF (50 mg/ml or 100 mg/ml) before treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent, and I observed the severity of hair follicle damage after chemotherapy and examined the recovery patterns after CIA by using the C57BL/6 mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia. To validate the catagen-inducing property and damage response pathway after CIA, I evaluated the hair cycle score in histological sections and the number of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the hair bulbs of control and EGF-treated mice. To follow gross changes as well as to assess the progression of CIA and the recovery pattern after CIA, photographs of the back skin of mice were captured and analyzed. I confirmed that topical EGF application induced a catagen-like stage in anagen hair follicles after depilation; I found that catagen-like hairs induced by EGF were protected from chemotherapy-mediated damage. Moreover, my results showed that EGF treatment favored primary hair recovery via the dystrophic anagen pathway after CIA. Given that hair follicles subjected to less severe chemotherapeutic insult enter the dystrophic anagen pathway followed by primary recovery, rather than entering the dystrophic catagen pathway followed by secondary recovery, the results of this study suggest that catagen inducers could be useful as a new alopecia-protection strategy, especially in the context of CIA.
Option-Implied Risk Aversion Estimates, Working Paper 2001-15

Using a utility function to adjust the risk-neutral PDF embedded in crosssections of options, we obtain measures of the risk aversion implied in option prices. Using FTSE 100 and S&P 500 options, and both power and exponential utility functions, we estimate the representative agent’s relative risk aversion at different horizons. The estimated coefficients of relative risk aversion are all reasonable. The relative risk aversion estimates are remarkably consistent across utility functions and across markets for given horizons. The degree of relative risk aversion declines broadly with the forecast horizon and is lower during periods of high market volatility. Estimating the representative agent’s or the market’s degree of risk aversion from securities prices has a long history. However, it is only recently that scholars have begun using options data to do so. Options provide a particularly promising context for studying risk preferences. Stocks are infinitely lived and so inferences must be drawn from the discounted stream of cash flows over an indefinite horizon. Usually this involves additional assumptions as to how those cash flows evolve (e.g., constant growth of dividends). Since only one value, the discounted present value of all cash flows, is known, no inferences are possible about variations in preferences over different horizons. Options on the other hand have a fixed expiry date at which payoffs are realized. Furthermore, options contracts exist for different investment horizons. Options thus permit studying preferences over specific horizons and simultaneously over multiple horizons. Futures contracts also share this fixed-horizon characteristic. Options, however, provide a spectrum of observations for each expiry date on any given observation date— one for each quoted strike price—while futures provide only a single statistic for each expiry date/observation date pair. The multiplicity of prices for different payoffs on the same underlying asset provided by options allows us to construct a density function for 1 American options present a somewhat more complicated investment horizon, but only to the extent that early exercise is optional. Still, even in that case American options allow a greater specificity of investment horizon than stocks do.
Impact of Operational Drivers on Repurchase Intention in e- fulfillment

This study empirically examined the relationship between repurchase intention of customers and order procurement, order fulfillment and reverse service exchanges processes of e-fulfillment in an online retail environment. After controlling for customers’ preferential brands, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis showed that operational drivers (ease of return, product quality information, condition of product on arrival and product availability) of e-fulfillment significantly affect repurchase intention. In terms of their relative contributions (considering relative importance and performance) towards improving repurchase intention of customers these variables can be arranged in descending order as: product quality, ease of return, condition and availability. The results help e-tail operations managers to decide on prioritizing their decisions related to order procurement, order fulfillment, and product returns processes of e-fulfillment to enhance customer retention. In addition, this study also contributes to academic literature by linking service operations and reverse logistics interfaces in e-fulfillment in the context of end consumers.
Hendriksen Betting as an alternative to p-values

In this thesis, we present the theory of test martingales. Whereas in traditional statistics, the p-value indicates the level of evidence against the null hypothesis, in martingale testing a betting strategy that allows one to make a (virtual) profit is seen as evidence against the null hypothesis. We extend the concept of test martingales of Shafer et al. (2011) to composite null hypotheses. We refer to these martingales as composite test martingales – they are the main innovation in this thesis. Using composite test martingales, we construct two martingale tests as an alternative for the Student’s t-test. These two tests appear to be the first published martingale tests that can differentiate the t-test hypotheses. The main result of this thesis concerns the Jeffreys Bayesian t-test. It was already known, experimentally, to be robust under optional stopping. Optional stopping refers to the practice of looking at observed experimental data in order to decide whether or not to continue testing. Robustness in this context means that the statistical method preserves its significance level even when optional stopping is employed. We prove the Jeffreys Bayesian t-test to be a martingale test. Therefore, it is robust under optional stopping. In general, under a composite null hypothesis, Bayesian tests are not robust under optional stopping.