Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M ODELING AND MEASURING SERVICES TO SUPPORT BUSINESS PROCESS EXECUTION : FROM S OA ML AND Q O S MODELS TO W EB S ERVICES

When Service Oriented applications and services are modeled, the term Quality of Service (QoS) is used to refer to the collection of constraints and quality requirements for a service. It is important that QoS attributes are specified in early stages of the development process, and modeled in a way that can be recognized and understood by all stakeholders. Regarding Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) modeling, QoS usually includes security, performance and availability. There are many options to realize business processes with services, such as collaborations with partners, internal services, third parties services (SaaS) among others. In previous works we have proposed the automatic generation of services specified in the Service Architecture Modeling Language (SoaML) from business processes, and the associated code. As SoaML allows to model functional requirements only, we have extended our proposal to also take into account QoS modeling and generation from SoaML service models, enriching the specification of services with quality characteristics. We have also added a log facility to the generated WS client to register times regarding services execution, in order to evaluate the defined QoS.
To Tip or not to Tip? An Exploratory Study of the Motivations Driving Consumer Tipping Behavior

Introduction This paper intends to shed light upon consumers’ motivations to tip. The initial part of the study began with a modest literature review of which motivational themes began to surface. These themes became the driving force and interest for further investigation. As an outcome, the development and distribution of a quantitative scale helped to highlight some of the motivational drivers for consumer tipping behavior. Moreover, this paper’s intent is to illuminate consumers’ motivations to tip, while utilizing a more quantitative approach. Rather than observing subjects in a restaurant setting (Bodvarsson and Gibson, (1999); Bodvarsson, Luksetich, and McDermott, (2003); Jewell, (2008); Grassman and Lynn, (1990), this research targeted college age students in hopes of finding an unbiased or “real-time” tainted experience. There are countless variables which can affect consumer tipping behavior while observing restaurant operations. “For example, customers tend to leave larger tips when the weather is pleasant, when there is desirable background music, and when the restaurant is elegant or in an urban area. ” (Seiter, 2007, 479) With the exception of music and sometimes lighting, some factors that affect tipping behavior are completely out of a server’s control. Much of the extant literature on the subject has focused on potential tipping motives like service, social norms, race relations, server actions, and more (Koku, (2005); Azar, (2006); Azar and Yossi, (2006); Baaren, (2005); Fernandez, G.A. (2004, Feb). However, there still remains a need for the further development of a comprehensive quantitative scale simultaneously addressing the wide array of motivational themes believed to affect tipping behavior. Again, a large amount of research tends to be more observational which concludes by asking guests to fill out a small survey on a particular theme while exiting a restaurant. Given this, there still remains a need for a holistic approach to answer the question, what motivates a person to tip, while adding a further quantitative piece to study the complex phenomena.
The Ideal of Leadership in Primary School

The study aims to identify the manifestation of learning leadership characteristics in school. It explores the concept of the leadership as a part of learning process in human life and how learning plays role in leadership. To meet the purpose of the research, the qualitative approached was employed, as this study is descriptive in nature. The data was gathered through the utilization of the semi-structural interview in two different primary schools. In accordance with previous theories, it is found that the application of learning leadership aids the participant of the study to be a better leader. The improvement of school programs are indirectly derived from the manifestation of the characteristics of learning leadership namely faith in oneself, the aspiration towards excellence, the tenacity to challenge themselves, the engagement of support from others, and the continuous deliberate practice. Through the act of learning, the leader will evolve toward the betterment and so will
Agglomeration Economies: Ambiguities and Confusions

Although considerable reliance has been placed on the concept of agglomeration economies in the analysis of industrial location, it tends to be ill-defined, and the term has come to assume a variety of connotations. A system of classification for agglomeration economies is outlined, which differs in several respects from previous ones, both in terms of definition and coverage. Certain aspects of this classification are explored, and attention is then given to a number of issues surrounding the concept of agglomeration economies that do not appear to have been adequately considered. These include the extent of agglomeration economies, the possible absence of agglomeration economies at a given agglomeration, and the spatial context of agglomeration economies.
On the subduction of upwelled waters in the California Current

We use 20 years of hydrographic data from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program off southern California to search for water mass signatures of subducted upwelled waters. A search for secondary oxygen maxima in more than 6000 water column profiles identified 629 cases of deep oxygen inversions. The additional criteria of a minimum magnitude of the deep oxygen inversion and an accompanying reduction in dissolved nutrients identified 106 (17%) of these as subduction signatures. The physical and chemical characteristics of these water masses suggest that they had been photosynthetically modified in the euphotic zone, and perhaps ventilated at the surface, before being subducted and eventually advected downstream within the California Current. Surface waters with similar physical characteristics as the subduction signatures (8.5°C, S34.0 psu, 26.4 kg m 3 ) were observed during the spring-summer upwelling period at a shore station upstream from the CalCOFI grid. Even with conservative search criteria and coarse spatial-temporal sampling, subduction signatures were observed in all seasons and in each year of the record. These results imply that the processes leading to the subduction, cross-shore transport, and downstream advection of upwelled water masses are common and persistent in the California Current. This has important implications for the transport of coastal waters, and resident planktonic organisms and organic carbon, out of the coastal euphotic zone, and provides a mechanism for frequent ventilation of the upper thermocline of the California Current.
Pro ® les of gene expression changes in L 5178 Y mouse lymphoma cells treated with methyl methanesulfonate and sodium chloride 1

Treatment of cells with genotoxic chemicals is expected to set into motion a series of events including gene expression changes to cope with the damage. We have investigated gene expression changes in L5178Y TK+/± mouse lymphoma cells in culture following treatment with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), a direct acting genotoxin, and sodium chloride (NaCl), which induces mutations in these cells through indirect mechanisms at high concentrations. The mouse lymphoma cells were treated for 4 or 24 h and the cells were harvested for RNA isolation at the end of the treatment. Analysis of the transcriptome was performed using Clontech Mouse 1.2K cDNA microarrays (1185 genes) and hybridized using 32P-labeled cDNA. The microwell methodology was used to quantify the mutagenic response. Of the genes examined, MMS altered the expression (1.5-fold or more) of only ®ve (four at 4 h and one after 24 h treatment). NaCl altered two genes after 4 h treatment, but after 24 h it altered 19 genes (13 downand six up-regulated). Both compounds altered the expression of several genes associated with apoptosis and NaCl altered genes involved in DNA damage/response and GTPrelated proteins. This, along with other data, indicates that the widely used L5178Y TK+/±mouse lymphoma cells in culture are relatively recalcitrant in terms of modulating gene expression to deal with genotoxic insult.
Sesame post-harvest loss from small-scale producers in Kafta Humera District, Ethiopia

Sesame post-harvest loss and its determinants in Kafta Humera, Ethiopia of cross-sectional data were obtained from interviewing 128 producers and measurement at 56 fields. The loss found were at harvesting (16.41%), drying (50.44%), un-threshed (11.55%), piles transportation (9.9%), storage (6.73%), cleaning (3.2%), and leads total loss of 23.7% (4260 Birr/ton). The significant determinants of sesame post-harvest loss found were sesame produced, weather, transportation mode, piles transported distance, stacking days, educational level, farm distance, land size, and extension contact. This study so recommends strengthening education, extension, credit, nearby follow up, and frequently visit for reducing sesame post-harvest loss. Introduction of sesame harvesting and drying technologies and machineries are also better in reducing sesame post-harvest losses. Key words: Kafta Humera, sesame, small-scale, post-harvest loss.
Individual and Situational Interest: The Role of Gender and Skill☆

The purpose of this study was to examine individual and situational interests in learning motor skills as associated with gender and skill. Individual and situational interests and motor skill were measured in middle school girls ( n = 109) and boys ( n = 82). A correlation analysis for the entire sample showed a moderate correlation between skill and individual interest ( r = .63) and weak relationships between individual and situational interest ( r r p = .05). However, when individual interest, skill, and gender were compared between students with high or low situational interest in a hierarchical log linear model, it was found that both groups did not differ in number of boys and girls ( p = .98). But the high situational interest group had more students with high skill ( p = .001) and high individual interest ( p = .02). The results suggest that discrepancies in acquired skill accounted for the gender difference and that acquired skill is associated with individual interest and high situational interest in learning motor skills.
Intra-industry trade of Hungarian agricultural products and the EU-accession.

This paper analyses structural changes in Hungarian agricultural trade after EU accession, especially considering intra-industry trade. Results suggest that EU accession raised the intensity of trade contacts but had a negative impact on trade balance. After accession, national agricultural exports by countries and products has shown a high but decreasing level of concentration, while in the case of agricultural imports, concentration was increasingly high by country and constantly low by product. Agricultural trade between Hungary and EU-15 is basically inter-industrial in nature, though the role of intra-industry trade is increasing.
A crystallographic model for hydrous wadsleyite ( p-MgrSiOn ) : An ocean in the Earth ' s interior ?

Using simple ionic constraints and maximpl subgroup symmetry, a hypothetical, ordered model for hydrous wadsleyite has been created and examined. The model has formula MgrSioO,o(OH)r, space group Pmmb, and an ordered vacancy into one of two nonequivalent M2 sites. It contains two H positions on the nonequivalent Ol sites. The model predicts strong c-axis polarization of IR and Raman O-H stretching absorptions. Electrostatic calculations indicate that hydration would relieve the underbonding of Ol as well as the overbonding of the bridging 02. The model predicts that the partial hydration of 02 sr ggested by Downs (1989) would result in a greater distortion of the silicate tetrahedra, whereas full hydration of Ol would decrease distortion of the tetrahedron. The model predicts that, under hydrous conditions, trivalent octahedral cations Fe3+, Cr3+, and AI3* should be more soluble in wadsleyite than in olivine. Finally, the model predicts a maximum HrO content for the hypothetical phase of 3.3 wt0/0. This implies that the transition zone of the mantle might contain several oceans of HrO if fully hydrated.
Estimates of Repeatability and Heritability of Productive Trait in Holstein Dairy Cattle

Dairy cattle breeding programs have been based in the selection for traits related to milk production. In this research a data set of 63 herds of East Azerbaijan province Holstein cattle, collected during 2002-2013 by the Iranian Animal Breeding Center was used to estimate the repeatability and heritability of three traits of economic importance. Genetic parameters for first three lactations of Holstein cows were estimated using repeatability models. Single-trait repeatability models were fitted for milk, fat and protein yields. The model contained milk frequency and herd-year-months of test-days (HTD) as fixed effects; effect of animals were the random effects. The estimated heritabilities in first three lactations for milk yield were 0.154, 0.263 and 0.334, for protein yield 0.134, 0.166 and 0.274 and for fat yield 0.059, 0.083 and 0.052. The estimated repeatability in first three lactations for milk yield were 0.475, 0.847 and 0.898, for protein yield 0.398, 0.479 and 0.678 and for fat yield 0.198, 0.281and 0.279. The results imply that milk traits for Holstein dairy cattle in east Azerbaijan, Iran are more heritable. Therefore, these traits can be employed by breeders as selection criteria in developing effective genetic improvement programs.
Pension Reform and Capital Markets: Are There Any (Hard) Links?

The creation of fully funded, privately managed pension systems may have significant positive direct effects on savings, growth and welfare. However, the indirect link, via capital market development, may be as important. This hypothesis is verified with evidence from emerging economies that have recently engaged in such reforms with a focus on Chile, Argentina and Peru. There is abundant qualitative and anecdotal evidence that relates pension reform with the accumulation of "institutional capital", with the existence of an adaptive legal framework, with increased specialization, transparency and integrity and even with better corporate governance. Evidence of increased financial innovation is also found while there is little evidence of bank disintermediation. In addition, time-series and panel data evidence is generally consistent with the following hypothetical effects: a reduction in the cost of capital; lower security-price volatility; and higher traded volumes. The evidence suggests that the indirect channel via capital market development may have important implications for economic growth and productivity.
Exercise Improves Vascular Function, but does this Translate to the Brain?

The number of adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or related dementia is expected to increase exponentially. Interventions aimed to reduce the risk and progression of AD and dementia are critical to the prevention and treatment of this devastating disease. Aging and cardiovascular disease risk factors are associated with reduced vascular function, which can have important clinical implications, including brain health. The age-associated increase in blood pressure and impairment in vascular function may be attenuated or even reversed through lifestyle behaviors. Greater volumes of habitual exercise and higher cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with beneficial effects on vascular health and cognition. Exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness may be most important during midlife, as physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness during the middle-aged years are associated with future cognitive function. The extent to which exercise, and more specifically aerobic exercise, influences the cerebral circulation is not well established. In this review, we present our working hypothesis showing how cerebrovascular function may be a mediating factor underlying the association between exercise and cognition, as well as discuss recent studies evaluating the effect of exercise interventions on the cerebral circulation.
Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Bubble Bursts: Surprise, Protection, or Play?

Cetaceans produce a variety of bubble displays, ranging from bubble streams to very large bursts of air. Previous research has indicated that different types of bubbles serve different functions. Using archival video data, we investigated the frequency and function of bubble behavior for four beluga mother-calf pairs housed at Sea World San Antonio (SWSA, 2007-2010). Bubble bursts, large,forceful bursts of air released underwater, were the most frequent form of bubbles produced. The mothers primarily produced bubble bursts while swimming with their calves whereas the calves produced the majority of their bubble bursts during solitary activities. These results suggest that mothers may use their bubble bursts as a protective behavior or warning to threatening stimuli (e.g., other belugas) whereas when threatening stimuli are not present calves may produce bubble bursts as a form of play. Additional research is necessary to better understand if these bubble
DIRECTION GÉNÉRALE DES ÉTUDES ET DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES LABOUR MARKET REGULATIONS AND CAPITAL LABOUR SUBSTITUTION

On the basis of a country*industry unbalanced panel data sample for 14 OECD countries and 18 industries covering the years 1988 to 2007, this study proposes an econometric investigation of the effects of the OECD Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) indicator on capital intensity for four capital components, and on the share of employment for two skill components. Our results, relying on a difference-in-difference approach, are the following : i) positive and significant effects for non-ICT physical capital intensity and the share of high-skilled employment; ii) non-significant effects for ICT capital intensity; and (iii) negative and significant effects for R&D capital intensity and the share of lowskilled employment. These results suggest that firms consider that the strenthening of Employment Protection Legislation is equivalent to a rise in the cost of labour, resulting in capital-to-labour substitution in favour of non-ICT capital and working at the disadvantage of low-skill relatively to highskill workers. They indicate to the contrary that structural reforms for more labour flexibility weakening this legislation could have a favourable impact on firms’ R&D investment and their hiring of low-skill workers. JEL codes :, E22, E24, O30 ; L50, O43, O47, C23
Structure Tensor Image Filtering using Riemannian L_1 and L_∞ Center-of-Mass

Structure tensor images are obtained by a Gaussian smoothing of the dyadic product of gradient image. These images give at each pixel a n×n symmetric positive definite matrix SPD(n), representing the local orientation and the edge information. Processing such images requires appropriate algorithms working on the Riemannian manifold on the SPD(n) matrices. This contribution deals with structure tensor image filtering based on Lp geometric averaging. In particular, L1 center-of-mass (Riemannian median or Fermat-Weber point) and L∞ center-of-mass (Riemannian circumcenter) can be obtained for structure tensors using recently proposed algorithms. Our contribution in this paper is to study the interest of L1 and L∞ Riemannian estimators for structure tensor image processing. In particular, we compare both for two image analysis tasks: (i) structure tensor image denoising; (ii) anomaly detection in structure tensor images.
Population dynamics of sciaenid Johnius macrorhynus (Pisces/Perciformes/Sciaenidae) from Bombay waters

Sciaenids roughly contributes 8-10% of the total fish catch at Bombay. Various aspects of sciaenids have been studied from different localities of India l.8. The present communication deals with the age, growth, mortality, yield per recruit and stock assessment of lohnius macrorhynus (Mohan) from Bombay coastal waters.
HF-radar observations of the dayside magnetic merging rate: A Geospace Environment Modeling boundary layer campaign study

Goose Bay HF-radar data have been used to determine the dayside reconnection electric field which transports energy from the solar wind into the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. The speed of the ionospheric plasma flow perpendicular to the open/closed boundary is determined in the rest frame of the boundary along each of the 16 beam directions of the HF radar. The observations were made during one of the Geospace Environment Modeling program's boundary layer campaigns. The period from 1200 to 1600 UT on March 29, 1992, was one of generally southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The y component of the IMF was negative for most of the time. Despite the generally steady IMF conditions, the merging rate observed by the radar shows a great deal of temporal structure. The radar observations have been compared with the results from the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics (AMIE) procedure. Initially, the merging inferred from the radar observations accounts for a significant portion of the total polar cap potential drop, suggesting that a majority of the potential drop was generated within the radar field of view and must therefore be due to magnetic merging at the magnetopause. At the end of the period, however, the potential drop derived from the radar measurements is distinctly less than that derived from the AMIE procedure. At that time, however, satellite and ground magnetometer data show that a substorm was in progress, and there is substantial evidence for a strong nightside contribution to the polar cap potential drop. An additional feature that appears in this data set is that the orientation of the open/closed magnetic field separatrix with respect to magnetic latitude is well correlated to the y component of the IMF.
An analysis of the offi cial dollarization regime in Montenegro : theoretical approaches and empirical evidence

Th rough offi cial unilateral dollarization, the economic system of Montenegro faced the records of real costs and benefi ts, which fi nally resulted in economic indicators. Th e absence of sovereignty, i.e. independence of monetary policy and exchange rate policy, decreases monetary factors’ eff ects which are measured by realized macroeconomic performances. Because offi cial dollarization should promote credibility, macroeconomic stability and sustainable growth, it is necessary to make a distinction between monetary regime calculus in Montenegro before initiating crisis structural disorder from the period of the eff ectuation of adverse trends, for the purpose of providing fi nal evaluation of the functioning of dollarized economy. Empirical research conducted to show the eff ects of the offi cial dollarization in Montenegro explicitly emphasized the specifi c weight of costs and benefi ts, suggesting that achieved macroeconomic performances are not exclusively the result of monetary regime functioning.
Debt Enforcement, Investment, and Risk Taking Across Countries

We argue that the prospect of an imperfect enforcement of debt contracts in default reduces shareholder-debtholder conflicts and induces leveraged firms to invest more and take on less risk as they approach financial distress. To test these predictions, we use a large panel of firms in 41 countries with heterogeneous debt enforcement characteristics. Consistent with our model, we find that the relation between debt enforcement and firms' investment and risk depends on the firm-specific probability of default. A difference-in-differences analysis of firms' investment and risk taking in response to bankruptcy reforms that make debt more renegotiable confirms the cross-country evidence.