Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of hypoxia on habitat quality of pelagic planktivorous fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico

To evaluate the impact of hypoxia (<2 mg O2 l �1 ) on habitat quality of pelagic prey fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico, we used a spatially explicit, bioenergetics-based growth rate potential (GRP) model to develop indices of habitat quality. Our focus was on the pelagic bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli and Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus. Positive GRP was considered high-quality habitat (HQH) and negative GRP was considered low-quality habitat (LQH). Models used water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), zooplankton biomass, and phytoplankton con- centration collected during the peak periods of hypoxia in 2003, 2004, and 2006 to estimate fish GRP. Results showed that hypoxic areas were always LQH. However, with respect to the entire water column, hypoxia had only a minor impact on overall habitat quality, with habitat quality being driven primarily by prey availability followed by water temperature. These results are in contrast to other ecosystems, such as the Chesapeake Bay, where hypoxia affects a larger fraction of the water column than in the Gulf of Mexico and has a significant impact on overall habitat quality. Differences in the effect of hypoxia on habitat quality between these 2 ecosystems suggest that the vertical extent of hypoxia relative to water column depth (i.e. hypoxic volume) is a funda- mental consideration when evaluating the impacts of hypoxia on pelagic fish production.
Numerical Solutions of Volterra Equations Using Galerkin Method with Certain Orthogonal Polynomials

This work is aim at providing a numerical technique for the Volterra integral equations using Galerkin method. For this purpose, an effective matrix formulation is proposed to solve linear Volterra integral equations of the first and second kind respectively using orthogonal polynomials as trial functions which are constructed in the interval [-1,1] with respect to the weight function w(x)=1+x2. The efficiency of the proposed method is tested on several numerical examples and compared with the analytic solutions available in the literature.
Histopathological Studies of the Ossicles in Chronic Otitis Media

IT has been recognized for many years that the ossicles may be diseased in chronic middle-ear suppuration. Schwartze (1873) and Politzer (1884), in their classical writing on the pathology of chronic suppurative otitis media, emphasized the frequency of ossicular involvement. Schulze (1904) and later Ferreri (1922) amplified these studies by histological investigations. Since the advent of the modern era of antibiotic therapy and reconstructive surgery, this subject has, however, attracted but scant attention.
The Natural History of Preterm Ruptured Membranes: What to Expect of Expectant Management

We asked the question: What can be expected of expectant management in preterm ruptured membranes? Our findings showed that ruptured membranes during the first half of the third trimester occurred in only 1.7% (N=298) of 17,877 pregnancies delivered at our institution, yet accounted for 20% of the total perinatal deaths during the study period. Expectant management was seldom successful; only 20 (7%) of pregnancies with preterm ruptured membranes did not begin labor within 48 hours. The condition of preterm ruptured membranes was also frequently associated with other obstetric complications such as twins, breech presentation, chorioamnionitis, and fetal heart rate decelerations in labor. We conclude that preterm ruptured membranes is an uncommon but complex obstetric problem that remains largely unsolved.
Image semantic description and automatic semantic annotation

Making the semantic description and automatic semantic annotation of the image which contains rich contents and intuitive expression is a research subject that is challenging. It is a key technology of realizing fast and effective image retrieval and a research focusing on cross media mining. Also it has great application value in various kinds of fields. This paper studies and discusses image media semantic description and automatic semantic annotation. By extracting SIFT visual features, we make the description of the image semantic, then establish the association between local image visual features and semantic keywords, and finally realize the image to the text feature mapping and the automatic semantic annotation. The simulation experiment result shows that this method can accomplish the image automatic semantic annotation efficiently, and also it can reach a higher accuracy.
A simple adjustable window algorithm to improve FFT measurements

The Fourier spectrum of a periodic signal may be obtained by fast Fourier transform algorithms, but, as is well known, special care must be taken to avoid severe distortions introduced by the sampling process. The main problem is the leakage generated by the truncation required to obtain a finite length sampled data. The usual procedure to reduce leakage is to multiply the sampled signal by a weighting window. Several kinds of windows have been proposed in the literature, and today they are also included in many commercial instruments. A simple alternative procedure is proposed in this paper. It is implemented with a PC compatible data acquisition board (DAQ) and consists of an algorithm that uses decimation and interpolation techniques. This algorithm is equivalent to the use of an adjustable sampling frequency and correspondingly an adjustable window size. Results obtained by this method on both harmonic and polyharmonic signals are empirically analyzed and compared with those given by an instrument with built-in FFT capabilities.
Diarrheal illness in a cohort of children 0-2 years of age in rural Bangladesh: I. Incidence and risk factors.

AIM To describe clinical characteristics and age- and season-specific incidences of diarrheal episodes, and to evaluate risk factors associated with the occurrence of diarrheal disease. METHODS A total of 252 infants from rural Bangladesh were followed through household surveillance for 2 y from birth during the years 1993-1996. Demographic and household determinants were linked to the probability of illness using logistic regression models. RESULTS The overall incidence of diarrhea was 4.25 episodes per child per year. Peak rates of overall, acute, and persistent diarrhea occurred in the 6-11-mo and 12-17-mo age groups. Diarrheal rates peaked during the spring and summer. Among host-related characteristics, having a sibling in the household and having had prior diarrhea were significant risk factors for diarrhea. Among environmental characteristics, spring season remained a highly statistically significant risk factor for diarrhea. CONCLUSION Diarrheal disease continues to be a substantial burden in young children in rural Bangladesh. Most diarrheal episodes are of short duration, and should primarily be treated with oral rehydration therapy to prevent diarrhea-related mortality. Improved knowledge of oral rehydration therapy, feeding during episodes to prevent further malnutrition, prolonged breastfeeding, and the keeping of livestock in corralled areas of the home are advocated.
Chapter 3 Identification and profiling of CXCR 3-CXCR 4 chemokine receptor heteromer complexes

1 Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology-GPCRs, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research (WAIMR) and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia 3 Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands 4 Molecular Pharmacology & DMPK, MSD, Merck Research Laboratories, Oss, The Netherlands 5 Dimerix Bioscience Pty Ltd, Nedlands, Australia
A Terrain-Following Boussinesq System

A long wave model is derived asymptotically from the nonlinear potential theory equations. The flow regime of interest is incompressible, irrotational, and inviscid. Asymptotic analysis leads to a weakly nonlinear, weakly dispersive (variable coefficient) Boussinesq system valid for a wide class of topographies. The mild slope hypothesis is not required and rapidly varying topographies are also considered. In analogy with atmospheric models we use a terrain-following coordinate system. The novelty is that this coordinate system naturally suggests the weighted averaging of terrain-following velocity components, as opposed to the depth-average of horizontal velocity components found in standard shallow water formulations. Furthermore, a Schwarz--Christoffel toolbox is used to provide additional insight on these new results. Regarding applications, the proposed model can be used for studying solitary waves interacting with fine scale inhomogeneities, a theme of great interest. The terrain-following model als.
Golgi organization and the apical extension of fungal hyphae: an essential relationship

The Golgi apparatus performs crucial functions in the sorting and processing of proteins destined for secretion from eukaryotic cells. In filamentous fungi, organization of the Golgi apparatus reflects the unique challenges brought about by the highly polarized nature of hyphal growth. Recent results show that Golgi compartments are spatially segregated within hyphal tip cells in a manner that depends upon the integrity of the cytoskeleton. Moreover, loss of normal Golgi organization stops polarized hyphal extension and triggers de‐polarization of the hyphal tip. These results emphasize the point that a spatially organized and dynamic Golgi apparatus represents an adaptation that is as important for hyphal extension as is the presence of a Spitzenkörper. In addition, they also identify regulatory mechanisms that could enable controlled de‐polarization of hyphae during development or infection‐related morphogenesis.
Comparison the Results of Pars Plana Vitrectomy ( PPV ) With and Without an Encircling Scleral Band ( SB ) for the Repair of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Purpose: To compare the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with and without an encircling scleral band (SB) for the repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: We reviewed the records of 49 patients who underwent PPV and combined vitrectomy plus SB for primary RRD. The minimum follow-up time was 6 months. There were 25 eyes in the PPV group and 24 eyes in the PPV plus SB group. Anatomic success, baseline and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA),and complications were evaluated. Results: Mean follow-up was 15.2±8.1 months and 15.5±9.4 months in the PPV group and PPV plus SB group, respectively. The anatomical success rate after a single operation was 96.0% in the PPV group and 95.8% in the PPV plus SB groups (P=0.33). Final BCVA was 0.90±0.72 logMAR in the PPV group and 0.80±0.74 logMAR in the PPV plus SB group (P=0.38). The visual gain was similar in both groups (P=0.76). Glaucoma was recorded in both cases in each group. Endophthalmitis was not recorded in any group. Conclusion: The final BCVA, rate of anatomic success and complications were similar in the PPV and PPV plus SB groups. Addition of SB to perform a 23-gauge PPV had no significant effect on the outcomes of RRD.
Blockage of PI3K/PKB/P27kip1 signaling pathway can antagonize 17 beta-estradiol-induced Ishikawa proliferation and cell cycle progression.

为子宫内膜的腺癌的那风险与由孕激素是不反对的雌激素的高水平增加住院病人，是著名的。 并且调整 extracellularsignal 的 kinase (英皇家空军之阶级最低之兵) 和 phosphatidylinositol 的激活 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/PKB ) 小径为在子宫内膜的癌的荷尔蒙依赖者细胞生长负责。 由 phosphory- lating 的 PI3K producesphosphatidylinositol-3-phosphates phosphoinositides 的 D3 氢氧根，导致 PKB， PKB 在上是 phosphorylated 并且激活的膜 translocation。 然后， activatedPKB 能刺激 antiapoptotic 房间的细胞的回答和块 apoptotic 功能，因此调整房间的 apoptosis 和增长，房间周期前进，葡萄糖用法， andangiogenesis。
Confocal microscopy of corneal stroma and endothelium after LASIK and PRK.

PURPOSE To compare with confocal microscopy the changes in stromal keratocyte density and endothelial cell count due to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and LASIK. METHODS In this prospective study, 32 eyes (16 myopic patients) were examined with the NIDEK Confoscan 3 confocal microscope before and 6 months after PRK and LASIK. The preoperative mean myopia was -2.85+/-0.99 diopters (D) (range: -1.00 to -4.00 D) in 24 eyes that underwent PRK and -2.94+/-0.96 D (range: -2.00 to -4.25 D) in 8 eyes that underwent LASIK. Keratocyte density in the anterior and posterior stroma and the endothelial cell count were measured. Statistically significant changes were assessed using the t test. P<. 05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Preoperative hexagonal cell percentage in the LASIK group was 52.17+/-11.43 and 51.33+/-10.98 in the PRK group. Postoperatively, the percentages were 52.96+/-7.55 and 53.34+/-10.2, respectively. Six months postoperatively, keratocyte density changed by 367.12+/-103.35 cells/mm(2) (34.7% reduction) in the anterior stroma (P<.05) and 9.25+/-28.28 cells/mm(2) (1.31% reduction) in the posterior stroma (P>.05) for the LASIK group. In the PRK group, these values were 319.71+/-83.45 cells/mm(2) (31.13% reduction) in the anterior stroma (P<.05) and 0.17+/-38.97 cells/mm(2) (0.02% reduction) in the posterior stroma (P>.05). The changes in keratocyte densities were not statistically significant between groups (P>.05). The mean number of keratocytes decreased by 37.2% in the retroablation zone of the LASIK group (P<.05). No changes were noted in endothelial cell counts. CONCLUSIONS A significant decrease occurred in the number of stromal keratocytes in the anterior stroma. Despite differences in surgery, the change in keratocyte density and endothelial cell counts were similar between LASIK and PRK groups (P>.05).
Cultural Framework, Anger Expression, and Health Status in Russian Immigrant Women in the United States

We investigated the role of anger expression and cultural framework in predicting Russian immigrant women's physical and psychological health status. One hundred Russian immigrant women between the ages of 30 and 65 completed questionnaires assessing anger expression, cultural framework, and health status. All research questions were addressed using hierarchical regression procedures. The results are discussed in terms of implications for understanding immigration experiences of Russian women who migrate from countries that are more collectivistic and less individualistic than the United States.
Hepatitis C virus infection among noninjecting drug users in New York City

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among noninjecting drug users has been reported to be higher than in the general population, but the reasons for this observation remain unclear. Noninjecting drug users aged 15–40 years and who used drugs for no longer than 10 years were enrolled in the study. The participants were interviewed about risk behaviors and had specimens drawn for serological testing. Of 276 enrolled, 4.7% were infected with HCV. Drug users who had ever sniffed or snorted heroin in combination with cocaine were significantly more likely to be infected with HCV compared with those who never sniffed or snorted heroin with cocaine. No other drug use or sexual risk behaviors were found to be associated with HCV infection. These findings suggest that sniffing or snorting heroin with cocaine may explain the increase frequently found in HCV infection among noninjectors, but further studies are necessary. J. Med. Virol. 70:387–390, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Description of Quality of Life and Its Predictors in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: According to previous studies, the quality of life is usually substantially altered in patients who have suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage of an aneurysmal origin. Some studies have attempted to find out which factors predict the deterioration in quality of life. Our study will try to describe the quality of life of these patients and discover which variables may predict it in each of its dimensions. Methods: The participants were 70 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage between 15 and 85 years of age. The instrument used to measure the quality of life is the SF-36 with its eight dimensions. The predictor variables introduced into the multiple linear regressions are neurological condition on admission [World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) scale and Hunt and Hess scale], extension of the hemorrhage (Fisher scale), sex, age, physical handicaps, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) on release. Results: The results showed that 42.9% of the patients had a deteriorated quality of life after 4 months, and that the most affected dimension was the Physical Role (60%). The two factors that predict quality of life are sex and physical handicaps. Other factors that intervene are the GOS on release and the WFNS. Conclusions: The patients who have experienced an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage show greater difficulty in performing daily activities, and they present more depression and anxiety. The absence of handicaps and being male are predictor factors for an unaffected quality of life.
Ospemifene for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Atrophy and Dyspareunia in Postmenopausal Women

Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and dyspareunia are common problems experienced by postmenopausal women, although few seek treatment. Symptom‐based therapies include nonhormonal vaginal lubricants, vaginal moisturizers, low‐dose vaginal estrogen, and systemic estrogen. The 2013 United States Food and Drug Administration approval of ospemifene, an estrogen agonist/antagonist for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe dyspareunia associated with VVA, increased options available to women. Several studies have evaluated the effects of ospemifene on VVA and dyspareunia and indicate an improvement in subjective findings. Objective findings such as a decrease in pH and recovery of a premenopausal vaginal maturation index have been reported. Beneficial effects have also been demonstrated in bone. Evaluations of breast health support the safety of ospemifene, although data are limited to 1 year. Short‐term risks appear to be limited and include the development of hot flushes. Until additional comparative studies of ospemifene and estrogens have been performed, ospemifene should be recommended for women with symptoms of VVA and dyspareunia who are unable to tolerate or unwilling to take local or systemic estrogens. In this review, current evidence for the safety and efficacy of ospemifene in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe VVA and dyspareunia are evaluated.
Transparency in Research involving Animals: The Basel Declaration and new principles for reporting research in BJP manuscripts

This article discusses the background to the need for change in the reporting of experiments involving animals, including a report of a consensus meeting organised by the Basel Declaration Society and Understanding Animal Research UK that sought to Internationalise guidelines for reporting experiments involving animals. A commentary on the evolution of BJP's attempts to implement the ARRIVE guidelines and details of our new guidance for authors is published separately (McGrath, 2014).
"Under the radar": nurse practitioner prescribers and pharmaceutical industry promotions.

OBJECTIVE To assess nurse practitioners' interactions with pharmaceutical industry promotional activities and their perception of information reliability and self-reported prescribing behaviors. STUDY DESIGN Self-administered online survey. METHODS A nationally randomized sample of nurse practitioner prescribers was surveyed. Eligibility criteria included current clinical practice and licensure to prescribe medications in their state of practice. RESULTS A total of 263 responses were analyzed. Almost all respondents (96%) reported regular contact with pharmaceutical sales representatives, and most (71%) reported receiving information on new drugs directly from pharmaceutical sales representatives some or most of the time. A large portion (66%) dispensed drug samples regularly to their patients, and 73% believed that samples were somewhat or very helpful in learning about new drugs. Eighty-one percent of respondents thought that it was ethically acceptable to give out samples to anyone, and 90% believed that it was acceptable to attend lunch and dinner events sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. Almost half (48%) stated that they were more likely to prescribe a drug that was highlighted during a lunch or dinner event. Most respondents stated that it was ethically acceptable for speakers to be paid by industry. CONCLUSIONS Nurse practitioner prescribers had extensive contact with pharmaceutical industry promotional activities such as pharmaceutical representative contact, receipt of drug samples, and regular attendance at industry-sponsored meal events and continuing education programs. They reported that industry interface with nurse practitioner prescribers in the form of sponsored meals, education events, and paid speakers was ethically acceptable.
Learning Hebrew as a Second Language: An Analysis of Interlanguage Development

Empirical studies on second language development in North America have focused mainly on the learning of English and French. This article reports on the learning of Hebrew in a specific type of trilingual Jewish day school in Canada. The oral performance of children in Grades I, 2, and 3 was investigated. It was found that there was a significant increase in the quantitative performance, but little improvement in the qualitative performance over the two-year span. The results also suggest four main strategies in second language development: (I) the development of meaning precedes the development of form; (2) invariant and uninflected forms are mastered early; (3) inflections which are semantically based are mastered earlier than inflections which are based on arbitrary grammatical criteria; (4) mother tongue interference is most persistent when the deviant structure can be associated with other second language structures for which transfer from the mother tongue is positive. Similarities between first and second language development are discussed on the basis of these strategies. In recent years, the topic of second/foreign language learning and teaching has attracted the attention of a great many researchers in various academic fields. In North America, empirical studies pertaining to the acquisition of a second language (hereafter L2) 1 have focused mainly on I. Some researchers and pedagogues differentiate between "foreign language learning" and "second language learning. " There seems, however, to be little consensus on what criteria this distinction should be based. Moreover, a recent study by Seshadri and Allen (1978)