Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K intake and the risk of fractures

Abstract The association between dietary vitamin K intake and the risk of fractures is controversial. Therefore we perform a meta-analysis of cohort or nested case–control studies to investigate the relationship between dietary vitamin K intake and the risk of fractures. A comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE (to July 11, 2016) was performed to identify cohort or nested case–control studies providing quantitative estimates between dietary vitamin K intake and the risk of fractures. Summary relative risk (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by using a random-effects model. Four cohort studies and one nested case–control study, with a total of 1114 fractures cases and 80,982 participants, were included in our meta-analysis. Vitamin K intake in all included studies refers exclusively to the intake of phylloquinone (vitamin K1), which is the predominant form of vitamin K in foods. We observed a statistically significant inverse association between dietary vitamin K intake and risk of fractures (highest vs. the lowest intake, RR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.56–0.99; I2 = 59.2%, P for heterogeneity = .04). Dose–response analysis indicated that the pooled RR of fracture for an increase of 50 &mgr;g dietary vitamin K intake per day was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99) without heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 25.9%, P for heterogeneity = .25). When stratified by follow-up duration, the RR of fracture for dietary vitamin K intake was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.58–0.93) in studies with more than 10 years of follow-up. Our study suggests that higher dietary vitamin K intake may moderately decrease the risk of fractures.
Pengaruh Investasi Dan Inflasi Terhadap Kesempatan Kerja Melalui Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Kota Samarinda

This study has the following objectives: To determine the influence of the Investment and Inflation on Economic Growth in Samarinda To determine the influence of inflation on investment or job opportunities in the city of Samarinda. By using analytical tools such as path analysis, the investment result showed a positive value and significant effect on economic growth in Samarinda. Which means increased investments in Samarinda will boost economic growth significantly. Inflation showed a negative value and significantly influence economic growth in Samarinda. Which means that inflation rates would significantly reduce economic growth. Investments showed a positive value and no significant effect on employment in Samarinda. Which means Increasing Investment in Samarinda not affect the number of jobs significantly. Inflation showed a negative value and no significant effect on employment in the city of Samarinda. Increased inflation does not significantly decrease the employment opportunities in the city of Samarinda. Economic growth showed positive values and do not influence significantly the on employment in the city of Samarinda. The increase did not affect significantly the economic growth of the availability of employment opportunities in the city of Samarinda Â Keyword: Investment, Inflation, Employment and Economic Growth
Assessment of the safety and efficacy of the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody-fragment, MAK 195F, in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety, biological effects, and efficacy of the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody fragment, MAK 195F, in a phase II trial in patient with severe sepsis. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, open label, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, multicenter, multinational clinical trial. SETTING Sixteen academic medical centers' intensive care units in six European countries. PATIENTS One hundred twenty-two patients with severe sepsis or septic shock who received standard supportive care and antimicrobial therapy. INTERVENTIONS Patients received one of three different doses of the anti-TNF antibody (0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, or 1.0 mg/kg) or placebo; the antibody or placebo was given in nine doses at 8-hr intervals over 3 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS There were no significant differences in mortality rates among the groups receiving various doses of the anti-TNF antibody or placebo, but patients with baseline serum interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations of > 1000 pg/mL appeared to benefit from MAK 195F in a dose-dependent fashion. Increased circulating IL-6 concentrations, but not TNF concentrations, were found to be important prognostic indicators for mortality for the patients in the placebo and the two lower dosage groups but not in the high dosage group (1 mg/kg). IL-6 concentrations decreased during the first 24 hrs of treatment in all three anti-TNF groups but not in the placebo group. MAK 195F was well tolerated by all patients. Human antimurine antibodies developed in 40% of the patients receiving the antibody. CONCLUSIONS There was no increase in survival from sepsis for the patients receiving anti-TNF treatment in the overall study population. Retrospective stratification of patients by IL-6 concentrations suggests beneficial effects of the drug for patients with baseline circulating IL-6 concentrations of > 1000 pg/mL. This hypothesis requires validation in a larger, blinded, prospective study.
The feasibility of constructing a race equality index

Published by the Department for Work and Pensions October 2010 www.dwp. gov.uk Research report no. 695 ISBN 978-1-84712-844-7 Ethnic minorities have long experienced substantial disadvantages in the labour market. Following recommendations from the National Employment Panel, the Department for Work and Pensions commissioned ‘correspondence tests’ for the presence of racial discrimination by employers when recruiting staff. The research showed significant levels of net discrimination against ethnic minorities and significantly higher levels of discrimination in the private sector than in the public sector. The Department therefore commissioned the present report to explore the feasibility of constructing a race equality index in order to understand, in detail, how discrimination is happening, how proactive businesses are in promoting race equality in recruitment, retention and promotion, and to monitor trends over time in order to determine whether new measures to promote race equality should be introduced by government.
Ketamine alters the neurogenesis of rat cortical neural stem progenitor cells*

Objective: High doses or prolonged exposure to ketamine increase neuronal apoptosis in the developing brain, although effects on neural stem progenitor cells remain unexplored. This study investigated dose- and time-dependent responses to ketamine on cell death and neurogenesis in cultured rat fetal cortical neural stem progenitor cells. Design: Laboratory-based study. Setting: University research laboratory. Subject: Sprague-Dawley rats. Interventions: Neural stem progenitor cells were isolated from the cortex of Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses on embryonic day 17. In dose-response experiments, cultured neural stem progenitor cells were exposed to different concentrations of ketamine (0–100 µM) for 24 hrs. In time-course experiments, neural stem progenitor cells cultures were exposed to 10 µM ketamine for different durations (0–48 hrs). Measurements and Main Results: Apoptosis and necrosis in neural stem progenitor cells were assessed using activated caspase-3 immunostaining and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. Proliferative changes in neural stem progenitor cells were detected using bromo-deoxyuridine incorporation and Ki67 immunostaining. Neuronal differentiation was assessed using Tuj-1 immunostaining. Cultured neural stem progenitor cells were resistant to apoptosis and necrosis following all concentrations and durations of ketamine exposure tested. Ketamine inhibited proliferation with decreased numbers of bromo-deoxyuridine–positive cells following ketamine exposure to 100 µM for 24 hrs (p < .005) or 10 µM for 48 hrs (p < .01), and reduced numbers of Ki67-positive cells following exposure to ketamine concentration >10 µM for 24 hrs (p < .001) or at 10 µM for 48 hrs (p < .01). Ketamine enhanced neuronal differentiation, with all ketamine concentrations increasing Tuj-1-positive neurons (p < .001) after 24-hrs of exposure. This also occurred with all exposures to 10 µM ketamine for > 8 hrs (p < .001). Conclusions: Clinically relevant concentrations of ketamine do not induce cell death in neural stem progenitor cells via apoptosis or necrosis. Ketamine alters the proliferation and increases the neuronal differentiation of neural stem progenitor cells isolated from the rat neocortex. These studies imply that ketamine exposure during fetal or neonatal life may alter neurogenesis and subsequent brain development.
The Routledge handbook of elections, voting behavior and public opinion

The study of political institutions and voting behavior are generally kept far apart in contemporary political science theory. This separation is unfortunate, given that the two aspects of political life are, in practice, closely linked and an understanding of one can inform the understanding of the other. Elections are generally about the capacity to control an institution or multiple institutions. And institutions – notably legal institutions – shape the manner in which elections are conducted and can directly influence the outcomes. While some academic division of labor is inevitable, that division should not go so far as to exclude important factors arising in different elements of the discipline, or allied disciplines
Face Attractiveness versus Artistic Beauty in Art Portraits: A Behavioral Study

From art portraits, the observer may derive at least two different hedonic values: The attractiveness of the depicted person and the artistic beauty of the image that relates to the way of presentation. We argue that attractiveness is a property that is predominantly driven by perceptual processes, while the perception of artistic beauty is based predominantly on cognitive processing. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two behavioral experiments. In a gist study (Experiment 1), we showed that ratings on attractiveness were higher after short-term presentation (50 ms) than after long-term presentation (3000 ms), while the opposite pattern was found for artistic beauty. In an experiment on perceptual contrast (Experiment 2), we showed that the perceptual contrast effect was stronger for attractiveness than for artistic beauty. These results are compatible with our hypothesis that appreciation of artistic beauty is cognitively modulated at least in part, while processing of attractiveness is predominantly driven perceptually. This dichotomy between cognitive and perceptual processing of different kinds of beauty suggests the participation of different neuronal mechanisms.
Developmental Effects on Odor Learning and Memory in Children a

ABSTRACT: The child version of the California Odor Learning Test (COLT) was designed to assess cognitive functioning in impaired and healthy children. The COLT's rationale was based on two assumptions. First, measures of cognitive functioning are a good index of severity or extent of brain damage if compared between normal and clinical populations. Second, the cognitive‐mediated tasks of verbal odor recall, recognition and identification were suitable to evaluate cognitive functioning. The focus of this study was to determine the COLT's ability to detect developmental differences in odor learning and memory. The participants were 51 healthy children who were twice administered the COLT with a weekly delay between tests. They were ascribed to two age‐groups (7‐10 and 11‐15 years old) according to levels of cognitive development. The COLT employed 22 common odors and included two sessions. In the first session, children learned two sets of six odors. The first set was presented three times, the second one once, during a single learning episode. Following learning, children recalled the odors of the first set by name at free recall and category‐cued recall. The second session included the following tasks: long‐term free odor recall and category‐cued odor recall, odor recognition‐memory and verbal odor identification. A series of analyses of variance (ANOVAs, p <0.05) with age as between‐subject variable and repeated measurements on recall revealed significant differences between the two groups on the number of odors correctly recalled by name both at free recall, category‐cued recall, recognition and identification. There were differences in false alarms at odor recognition between the two groups. Children from both groups benefited from a learning effect over odor trials. A gender effect was found for odor free recall at retest. These results suggest that the COLT has the potential to serve as a useful tool in the assessment of cognitive functioning in children.
A new observer-type consensus protocol for linear multi-agent dynamical systems

The consensus problem is investigated in this paper for a class of multi-agent systems with general linear node dynamics and directed communication topology. A new distributed observer-type consensus protocol designed based only on the relative output measurements of neighboring agents is introduced. Compared with some existing observer-type protocols, the protocol presented in this paper without involving the relative states of observers. By using tools from small gain theory and matrix analysis, some sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee the achievement of consensus in linear multi-agent dynamical systems where the underlying topology only contains some directed spanning trees. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
The Role of Trust as a Mediator Between System Characteristics and Response Behaviors

Objective: The purpose of the current work was to clarify how subjective trust determines response behavior when interacting with a signaling system. Background: In multiple theoretical frameworks, trust is acknowledged as a prime mediator between system error characteristics and automation dependence. Some researchers have operationally defined trust as the behavior exhibited. Other researchers have suggested that although trust may guide operator responses, trust does not completely determine the behavior. Method: Forty-four participants interacted with a primary flight simulation task and a secondary signaling system task. The signaling system varied in reliability (90%, 60%) and error bias (false alarm, miss prone). Trust was measured halfway through the experimental session to address the criterion of temporal precedence in determining the effect of trust on behavior. Results: Analyses indicated that trust partially mediated the relationship between reliability and agreement rate. Trust did not mediate the relationship between reliability and reaction time. Trust also did not mediate the relationships between error bias and reaction time or agreement rate. Analyses of variance generally supported specific behavioral and trust hypotheses, indicating that the paradigm employed produced similar effects on response behaviors and subjective estimates of trust observed in other studies. Conclusion: These results indicate that strong assumptions of trust acting as the prime mediator between system error characteristics and response behaviors should be viewed with caution. Application: Practitioners should consider assessing factors other than trust to determine potential operator response behaviors, which may be more predictive.
Effectiveness of a self-regulated remedial program for handwriting difficulties

Abstract Background: Handwriting difficulties may have pervasive effects on a child’s school performance. I Can! is a remedial handwriting program with a focus on self-regulated learning and applying motor learning principles combined with a behavioural approach. It is developed for typically developing children with handwriting problems. Objective: The study aim was to evaluate the program’s effectiveness. Materials and methods: Thirty-one children aged 7–8 year participated in a cross-over study. Handwriting quality and speed were repeatedly assessed by means of the Systematic Screening of Handwriting Difficulties test. Difficulties addressed were fluency in letter formation, fluency in letter connections, letter height, regularity of letter height, space between words, and line path. Results: Mixed model analysis revealed improved quality of writing and speed for all children but significantly more improvement in handwriting quality for the children participating in the program. Although writing speed improved over time, no additional effects of the program occurred. Conclusions and significance: ‘I Can! ’ is found to be an effective instructive program to ameliorate handwriting quality in typically developing children with handwriting difficulties. The program’s success was by a therapy burst of only 7 weeks focusing on the child’s self-regulated learning capacities, within an individualized education plan according to their needs and goals.
Sharing a Cake

It is well known that if two people wish to share a cake fairly then one cuts it into two pieces and the other person chooses which of the pieces to have. This article considers the problem of sharing the cake fairly when there are more than two people. We are looking for procedures which ensure justice for an honest person even when there is dishonest collusion by the other people.
Impact of a new subway line on housing values in Daegu, Korea: Distance from existing lines

This study investigates the ex ante as well as ex post impact of a new subway line on housing values in Daegu, Korea where two lines already exist. Housing units are divided into two groups: treatment group versus comparison group based on the distance from the nearest station of the new line. Our results based on Hedonic models in difference-in-differences framework suggest that homes within 500 m from the nearest station of the new line can earn a premium of 99.7 thousand Korean Won (equivalent approximately to 96.3 US dollars) per square metre. However, such a premium from improved accessibility to public transit seems to appear mainly for the homes which are within 500 m from the new line and beyond 5 km from the nearest station of the existing lines. For the homes which are close to existing lines, proximity to the new line stations does not increase residents’ convenience remarkably because people are supposed to easily transfer between the new line and existing lines.
Immune modulation with interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐10 prevents crescent formation and glomerular injury in experimental glomerulonephritis

Crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) demonstrates immunopathological features of a T helper (Th)1‐directed delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. The capacity of Th2 cytokines to attenuate crescentic glomerular injury in this disease was examined by administering interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10, singly and in combination. GN was induced by i.v. administration of sheep anti‐mouse glomerular basement membrane (GBM) globulin to mice sensitized to sheep globulin 10 days earlier. Treatment (2.5 μg, i.p.) with IL‐4, IL‐10, or both IL‐4 and IL‐10 (IL‐4+10), was started 1 h before sensitization and continued daily until the end of the study (10 days after administration of anti‐GBM globulin). Control mice treated with PBS developed GN with glomerular accumulation of T cells and macrophages, crescents in 42.5 ± 4.5 % of glomeruli (normal 0 %), proteinuria (8.3 ± 0.9 mg/24 h, normal 0.74 ± 0.08 mg/24 h, p < 0.001) and renal impairment (creatinine clearance [cr/cl]: 93 ± 12 μ1/min, normal 193 ± 10 μ1/min, p<0.001). 1reatment with either IL‐4, IL‐10, or IL‐4+10 prevented crescent formation (crescentic glomeruli: 0.8 ± 0.5, 1.2 ± 0.9, and 1.4 ± 1.0 %, respectively, all p<0.01 compared to control) and attenuated proteinuria (3.6 ± 1.0, 2.2 ± 0.5, and 2.9 ± 0.5 mg/24 h, respectively, all p<0.01 compared to control). IL‐4+10 prevented development of renal impairment (cr/cl: 183 ± 22 μ1/min); IL‐10 given alone limited the decline in renal function (cr/cl: 150 ± 20 μ1/min), but IL‐4 alone did not provide any significant protection (cr/cl: 121 ± 17 μ1/min). All treatments markedly diminished glomerular T cell and macrophage accumulation, reduced interferon‐γ production by splenic T cells, prevented cutaneous DTH to the disease‐initiating antigen and reduced antigen‐specific immunoglobulin of the IgG2a and IgG3 isotypes. These data demonstrate that crescentic GN and renal impairment can be prevented by administration of Th2 cytokines and that this effect is associated with attenuation of the Th1 response to the disease‐initiating antigen.
How an Open Innovation Strategy for Commercialization Affects the Firm Performance of Korean Healthcare IT SMEs

Small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in the healthcare IT industry must have innovative technology and, at the same time, be able to commercialize this technology in order to have sustainable growth, as enterprises in any other industry do. However, due to the lack of resources of SMEs, many studies focus on effective and innovative strategies based on a resource-based view. To be more effective, some SMEs collaborate with other companies in the manufacturing process, not as a closed, but rather as an open innovation. However, this collaboration is difficult and bears risks. Additionally, as an external factor, the government certification system attempts to help SMEs. Therefore, in this study, we performed a multiple regression analysis centered on firms’ resources and strategies. Three results were obtained. First, in terms of the firms’ resources, the higher the quality of patents that measure firm capacity, the higher the firm performance. Second, regarding the firms’ strategies, cooperation with external companies in the manufacturing process has a positive effect on firm performance. Third, receiving government certification (InnoBiz certification), as a form of cooperation with the government, has a negative impact on firm performance. In other words, the present government policy to support the R&D of SMEs needs to be adjusted. SMEs can develop high-quality patents, and strategies for cooperation with external companies can enhance the innovation performance of enterprises.