Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Re-offending on parole

This study finds that offending on parole is less common than previous studies have suggested. Abstract Aim: To measure the rate of re-offending on parole and identify the predictors of both general and violent offending on parole. To describe the types of offences committed on parole. Method: The analysis was based on 9,604 offenders released on parole in 2010 or 2011. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify demographic and criminal history characteristics independently associated with re-offending or re-imprisonment while on parole. Results: Just under 61 per cent (60.8%) of parolees neither re-offended nor were re-imprisoned during their parole period. About twenty-eight per cent (28.4%) of the sample re-offended on parole. A further 10.8 per cent were re-imprisoned on parole without having first re-offended. Approximately 7 per cent (7.1%) of the sample committed a violent offence on parole. Parolees were more likely to offend on parole if they were male; Indigenous; young; had spent less than 180 days in prison (during the current episode); had a higher Level of Service Inventory - Revised score had a non drug offence as their principal offence; had six or more prior court appearances, had been imprisoned before; or had a prior conviction for drug use and/or possession. The correlates of violent re-offending on parole were very similar but also included prior conviction for a serious violent offence. Those who re-offended on parole committed a broad spectrum of offences, including: break and enter, assault, possess illicit drugs, receive/handle proceeds of crime, drive while licence disqualified, breach apprehended violence order and property damage. Conclusion: Offending on parole is less common than previous studies have suggested. Future research should focus on three issues: whether it is possible to improve the accuracy of the parole risk assessment process; whether post release supervision/support reduces the risk of re-offending following release from prison; and whether offenders released to parole are less likely to re-offend if released to parole by the State Parole Authority than if released on parole by a court.
The Potentiality of Principal Leadership Implementation In North Sumatera

Previous researchers have had a long debate about the urgency of the application of transformational and instructional leadership models for educational organizations. Nevertheless, there is a stream of research that seeks to bridge the conflict by recommending the adoption of principal leadership in educational organizations. Principal leadership combines the advantages of transformational and instructional leadership applications in a leadership model. While it still has many contradictions in its form, the potential use of this leadership model needs to be explored further to get a useful leadership model in schools. This study aims to investigate how teachers respond to principal leadership practices. The response is assessed by principal leadership indicators that may be practiced naturally. This study using survey method to collecting the data with the help of questionnaires to high school teachers in North Sumatra, Indonesia. With purposive sampling and snowball techniques, this study received 352 responses. The responses are then tabulated and analyzed using factor analysis. The results of this study indicate the potential application of principal leadership in North Sumatra. The application of leadership principals systematically can increase the effectiveness of schools that will have implications for improving teacher performance and student achievement. Keywords— Principal Leadership, Potentiality of Implementation, School Effectiveness, North Sumatera
APPEARANCE , DISTRIBUTION , AND GENETIC DISTINCTIVENESS OF LONGMAN

Longman’s beaked whale, Indopacetus pacificus, was known previously from only two skulls. Here we describe four new specimens of this species from strandings in the western and central Indian Ocean. Two juveniles, previously misidentified from external morphology as Hyperoodon planifrons, were identified as I. pacificus through diagnostic characteristics of mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences derived from the holotype of this species. Images of the external appearance and teeth of the species are presented for the first time. Comparison of the color pattern of these new specimens with that of ‘‘tropical bottlenose whales’’ sighted in the tropical Indian and Pacific oceans confirm that those unidentified whales represent I. pacificus. Moore (1968) erected a new genus, Indopacetus, for this species (described initially as Mesoplodon pacificus) based primarily on cranial morphology. Phylogenetic analyses of short mtDNA fragments available from the specimens known to date were unable to resolve the validity of this genus. However, the diagnostic osteological features highlighted by Moore (1968) for Indopacetus were also observed in the new specimens. Rib count and number of fused cervical vertebrae may also be diagnostic. Rostrum depth at mid-length and melon shape further distinguish this species from Mesoplodon beaked whales. As such, we see no reason on morphological grounds to overturn Moore’s (1968) proposal that Longman’s beaked whale is sufficiently distinct to be afforded its own genus.
The spectral energy distribution of the redshift 7.1 quasar ULAS J1120+0641

We present new observations of the highest-redshift quasar known, ULAS J1120+0641, redshift z = 7:084, obtained in the optical, at near-, mid-, and far-infrared wavelengths, and in the sub-mm. We combine these results with published X-ray and radio observations to create the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED), with the goals of measuring the bolometric luminosity Lbol, and quantifying the respective contributions from the AGN and star formation. We find three components are needed to fit the data over the wavelength range 0:12 1000 m: the unobscured quasar accretion disk and broad-line region, a dusty clumpy AGN torus, and a cool 47K modified black body to characterise star formation. Despite the low signal-to-noise ratio of the new long-wavelength data, the normalisation of any dusty torus model is constrained within 40%. We measure a bolometric luminosity Lbol = 2:6 0:6 10 47 erg s 1 = 6:7 1:6 10 13 L , to which the three components contribute 31%; 32%; 3%, respectively, with the remainder provided by the extreme UV 5:7 quasars suggests that these indicators are promising tools for estimating the SFR in high-redshift quasars in general. At the time observed the black hole was growing in mass more than 100 times faster than the stellar bulge, relative to the mass ratio measured in the local universe, i.e. compared to MBH=Mbulge’ 1:4 10 3 , for ULAS J1120+0641 we measure ˙ MBH= ˙ Mbulge’ 0:2.
Mental health literacy about bipolar disorder and schizophrenia among medical students: a comparative study of illness recognition, treatment, and attitudes according to perception of aggressiveness-dangerousness

Introduction. Lack of information may result in health professionals’ negative attitudes toward individuals with mental illness. Objective. We sought to determine the association between the perception of aggressiveness–dangerousness and illness recognition, suggested treatment, and attitudes regarding schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a group of medical students. Method. This field study used a non-experimental, cross-sectional comparative design in a purposive sample of medical students. Mental illness recognition, beliefs about adequate treatment, perception of patient’s aggressiveness-dangerousness, and attitudes toward severe mentally ill persons were assessed with previously validated instruments. Results. Of the 104 participants, 54.8% identified a mental health condition in the schizophrenia vignette compared with only 3.8% in the case of bipolar disorder. Most students believed that both diagnoses could lead to aggressive behaviors. Dangerousness was more frequently perceived in the schizophrenia vignette. Discussion and conclusion. It is necessary to sensitize and educate medical students so they have accurate information about symptoms and available treatments for individuals with mental illnesses.
TEMPERATURE GRADIENT DISCONTINUITY AWARE NUMERICAL SCHEME FOR SOLIDIFICATION PROBLEMS

A new enriched finite element formulation for solving isothermal phase change problems is presented. The proposed method is a fixed domain one, where the discontinuity in the temperature gradient is represented by means of enriching the finite element space through a function whose definition admits a discontinuity in its derivative. Generally, in this kind of formulations, the location where to enrich (as the location of the solidification front), is deter- mined through a level set auxiliary formulation. In this work a different approach is explored, this position is determined implicitly through a constraint that imposes that the temperature attained at the phase change boundary is the melting temperature. Some numerical examples to show the application of the method are presented and finally the conclusions are exposed.
Green intrapreneurial flexibility towards sustaining competitive advantage: a case of South Asian context

This study explores how green based intrapreneurial flexibility affects sustainable business performance of the Sri Lankan hotel industry. A survey was administered to a random sample of senior managers of hotels in Sri Lanka. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant path coefficient which explained green based intrapreneurial flexibility positively influenced sustainable competitive advantage. The findings suggest that hotel industry policy makers develop green specific intrapreneurial capabilities so that they can quickly adapt their green based product and service offerings in responding to changes of the green market requirements by focusing on green based new venture creation, green innovation, green related self-renewal exercises, and eco-friendly proactive decision making in order to sustain their competitive advantage from green initiatives.
Nutritional value of high moisture corn silage in the diet of Holstein cows

Five Holstein cows were distributed in a 5x5 latin square design to assess the effect of replacement levels of dry ground corn grain (DGCG) by high moisture corn silage (HMCS) on intake, total nutrient digestibility and plasma glucose, according to the following treatments: 1) 100% DGCG; 2) 75% DGCG and 25% HMCS; 3) 50% DGCG and 50% HMCS; 4) 25% DGCG and 75% HMCS; 5) 100% HMCS. The experiment lasted 70 days, divided into five phases of 14 days each. The digestibility was obtained using chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as the indicator. Fecal samples were collected twice daily and blood samples were collected on the last day of each period before the first meal (0h) and 2h, 4h, 6h and 12h after the meal. There was no effect (P>0.05) on the intake of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch. The total apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP), NDF and ADF were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments, as well as the plasma glucose concentration. However, there was a decreased linear effect (P<0.05) for the protein intake and increased linear effect (P<0.05) for starch digestibility, as the level of HMCS was increased in the diets.
Effect of Resin Type, Pressing Temperature and Time on Particleboard Properties made from Sorghum Bagasse

Sorghum bicolor L Monech part Numbu as potential materials for particleboard manufacturing due to its cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content similar with wood. The objective of the research was to determine the adhesive type, pressing temperature and time on physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from sorghum bagasse. Size of board was (300 x 300 x 10) mm3, 0.7 g cm-3 targeted density, 10% resin content of urea formaldehyde (UF), and Phenol Formaldehyde (PF), 7% for Isocyanate, over all based on oven-dry particles. Furnish (mixture of particle and resin) was placed in hot press machine at temperature of 120 °C and 130 °C for UF, 170 °C and 180 °C for PF, 150 °C and 160 ° C for Isocyanate. Time of pressing in this experiment was 8 and 10 minutes. The result showed that Isocyanate resin was the best resin for resulting of physical and mechanical properties. Almost all those parameters had fulfill to the requirement of JIS A5908-2003.
Effects of Teacher Organization/Preparation and Teacher Skill/Clarity on General Cognitive Skills in College.

In further exploring the relationship between teacher behaviors and student learning, this study, part of the National Study of Student Learning, examined how teacher organization and preparation and teacher skill and clarity influenced the development of general cognitive skills in the first year of college. A sample of 2,302 students attending 18 diverse four-year institutions from 15 states throughout the country participated. Data collected in Fall 1992 included a precollege survey that gathered information on student demographic characteristics and background, as well as aspirations, expectations of college, and items assessing orientation to learning. Students also completed the Collegiate Assessment of Academic Proficiency (CAAP) measure. A follow-up testing took place in Spring 1993. Results showed that, when controlling for precollege cognitive level and academic motivation, the average cognitive level of the incoming class at each institution, ethnicity, gender, age, level of enrollment, work responsibilities, and course-taking patterns, the extent to which students judged the overall instruction as high in teacher organization and preparation was significantly and positively associated with end-of-first year reading comprehension, mathematics, critical thinking, and composite cognitive development. Additional analysis suggested that the net cognitive impacts of teacher organization and clarity were general rather than conditional. (Contains 47 references.) (a) NSSL Deliverable Yr 4, Qtr. 3 EFFECTS OF TEACHER ORGANIZATION/PREPARATION AND TEACHER SKILL/CLARITY ON GENERAL COGNITIVE SKILLS IN COLLEGE*
Can the obstacles to privacy self-management be overcome? Exploring the consent intermediary approach

In privacy self-management, people are expected to perform cost–benefit analysis on the use of their personal data, and only consent when their subjective benefits outweigh the costs. However, the ubiquitous collection of personal data and Big Data analytics present increasing challenges to successful privacy management. A number of services and research initiatives have proposed similar solutions to provide people with more control over their data by consolidating consent decisions under a single interface. We have named this the ‘consent intermediary’ approach. In this paper, we first identify the eight obstacles to privacy self-management which make cost–benefit analysis conceptually and practically challenging. We then analyse to which extent consent intermediaries can help overcome the obstacles. We argue that simply bringing consent decisions under one interface offers limited help, but that the potential of this approach lies in leveraging the intermediary position to provide aides for privacy management. We find that with suitable tools, some of the more practical obstacles indeed can become solvable, while others remain fundamentally insuperable within the individuated privacy self-management model. Attention should also be paid to how the consent intermediaries may take advantage of the power vested in the intermediary positions between users and other services.
Institutional Support Mechanisms for Workplace HIV and AIDS IEC Programmes: A Case of Hospitality Facilities in Botswana

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine institutional support mechanisms of workplace HIV and AIDS Information, Education and Communication (IEC) programmes of hospitality facilities in Botswana. Effective implementation of the programme required that organisations support their programmes with HIV and AIDS IEC policy, develop internal and external support mechanisms as well as training support for the programmes. Methods: This study adopted the explanatory sequential mixed methods research design. Data was captured using structured questionnaires and fact-to-face interview guide. Quantitative sample comprised 50 hospitality facilities represented by the heads of HIV and AIDS programmes while qualitative sample was 25, determined through saturation. A mixed data analysis method was used for this study. Descriptive statistics was used to capture the distribution of categories of hospitality facilities while informants’ responses were captured in both the frequency and percentages. Inferential statistics was used to make meaningful conclusions based on the responses. Pie chart was used to capture the distribution of HIV/AIDS Coordinators by age whereas qualitative analysis adopted the deductive design approach. Results: Sixty two percent (62%, 31/50) of hospitality facilities supported their HIV and AIDS programmes, 64% (32/50) did not have annual budgetary allocations for their programmes, 94% (47/50) did not receive support from either the government or its agencies, and 92% (46/50) of facilities did not receive supports from NGOs, the private sector and other hospitality facilities. Most (57%, 29/50) hospitality facilities organised their HIV and AIDS IEC training at real-time, 62% (31/50) conducted training at full financial cost to their organisations while 52% (26/50) encouraged all levels of staff to attend trainings at least twice a year. Conclusion: Hospitality facilities need to re-engineer their institutional support mechanisms through the development of planned and systematic assistance mechanism with their internal and external environments as well as collaborate with research based institutions as part of the external support mechanism for their HIV and AIDS IEC programmes. The recommendations to the hospitality facilities are that the present practice of full-time and real-time cost IEC training should be sustained and enhanced, develop external support mechanisms for their programmes, and liaise with appropriate government organs to develop necessary workplace HIV and AIDS policies for the sector.
Gender Change in Norwegian Dialects: Comprehension is affected before Production

Abstract This article investigates language variation and change in the grammatical gender system of Norwegian, where feminine gender agreement is in the process of disappearing in some Northern Norwegian dialects. Speakers of the Tromsø (N=46) and Sortland (N=54) dialects participated in a Visual Word experiment. The task examined whether they used indefinite articles (en, ei, et) predictively to identify nouns during spoken-word recognition, and whether they produced feminine articles in an elicited production task. Results show that all speakers used the neuter indefinite article et as a predictive cue, but no speakers used the feminine ei predictively, regardless of whether they produced it or not. The masculine article en was used predictively only by the speakers who did not produce feminine gender forms. We hypothesize that in dialects where the feminine gender is disappearing, this change in the gender system affects comprehension first, even before speakers stop producing the feminine indefinite article.
Offset tracking procedure applied to high resolution SAR data on Viedma Glacier, Patagonian Andes, Argentina

Abstract. Main aim of this work is to explore the suitability of high resolution SAR images for measuring ice flow velocity within glaciers. Available techniques for this purpose are Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) and Offset Tracking. The former, although theoretically much more precise, is frequently limited by coherence loss (or lacking of coherence) in glacier environment. The latter constitutes an alternative that works well when displacements are large. Study area is the Viedma Glacier (Santa Cruz, Argentina), one of the largest uncovered ice bodies in the South Patagonian Ice (SPI). High resolution COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) acquisitions were processed by estimating range and azimuth offset fields. Useful results, consisting in displacement maps showing areas with different fast-flowing units, were obtained by Offset Tracking processing.
The Air-temperature Response to Green/blue-infrastructure
Evaluation Tool (TARGET v1.0): an efficient and user-friendly
model of city cooling

Abstract. The adverse impacts of urban heat and global climate change are leading policy-makers to consider green and blue infrastructure (GBI) for heat mitigation benefits. Though many models exist to evaluate the cooling impacts of GBI, their complexity and computational demand leaves most of them largely inaccessible to those without specialist expertise and computing facilities. Here a new model called The Air-temperature Response to Green/blue-infrastructure Evaluation Tool (TARGET) is presented. TARGET is designed to be efficient and easy to use, with fewer user-defined parameters and less model input data required than other urban climate models. TARGET can be used to model street level air temperature at fine spatial scales (e.g. 30 m), meaning it can be used at the street, precinct, or city scales. The model aims to balance realistic representation of physical processes and computation efficiency. An evaluation against two different datasets shows that TARGET can reproduce the magnitude and patterns of both air temperature and surface temperature within suburban environments. To demonstrate the utility of the model for planners and policy-makers, the results from two precinct-scale heat mitigation scenarios are presented. TARGET will be made available to the public and ongoing development, including a graphical user interface, is planned for future work.
Comparative feeding of three species of larval fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Brevoortia patronus, Leiostomus xanthurus, and Micropogonias undulatus

The diets of larval gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus, spot Leiostomus x d n t h u ~ s , and Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico in December 1979, February and December 1980, and February 1981, were significantly (P<0.001) different when compared with respect to length by step-wise discriminant analysis, and there was little overlap when the diets of size-specific larvae that CO-occurred in discrete collections were compared by percentsimilarity. Gulf menhaden larvae had a more diverse diet that included phytoplankters (diatoms and dinoflagellates) as well as zooplankters (tintinnids, pelecypods, pteropods, and all stages of copepods). The diets of larval spot and Atlantic croaker were largely restricted to zooplankton. Overall diet distinctiveness, the lack of diet overlap, and the lack of small-scale CO-occurrence indicate that the larvae of these three species do not compete for food.
All You Need Is Trade: On the In(ter)dependence of Trade and Asset Holdings in Gravity Equations

This paper looks at the interrelationship between trade in goods and asset holdings, as brought forward by some contributions to the empirical literature in international economics. These contributions argue that single-equation gravity models suffer from an endogeneity bias, culminating in a request for the estimation of systems of gravity equations. Yet, the theoretical basis for such an interrelationship is weak. In this paper we present baseline models of international trade in goods and bank asset holdings, which yield gravity equations that can be tested empirically. We then use these models to test three different explanations for the interrelationship between trade in goods and asset holdings that have been brought forward by the literature: (i) consumption hedging, (ii) sovereign risk, (iii) information spillovers. Our results indicate that none of these channels can explain the interrelationship. We therefore conclude that single-equation gravity models, as opposed to systems of gravity equations, are justified: All you need is trade!