Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A prospective analysis of office-based breast ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE To determine the usefulness of office-based breast ultrasound. DESIGN Prospective, nonrandomized study. SETTING Academic-affiliated community teaching hospital. PATIENTS Among 653 consecutive patients seen in our office during a 30-month period, we performed 660 ultrasound examinations. The presenting complaint included a palpable mass in 53%, abnormal mammogram in 39%, and nipple discharge or retraction in 3%. INTERVENTION Ultrasound examination was performed using a handheld 7.5-MHz linear array transducer. Findings and pertinent clinicopathologic data were recorded prospectively in our Breast Ultrasound Registry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Contribution of breast ultrasound to diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS The sonogram was normal in 201 cases (30%), showed duct ectasia in 20 cases (3%), a simple cyst or seroma in 101 cases (15%), and a focal complex or solid abnormality in 338 cases (51%). Among the last group, 114 (97%) of 118 lesions thought to be benign on ultrasonography proved to be benign, whereas 13 (12%) of 111 indeterminate and 72 (75%) of 96 sonographically suspicious lesions proved to be cancer (including 13 cases with normal mammograms). Ultrasonographic features of malignancy included an anteroposterior-to-lateral dimension ratio of 1 or greater, heterogeneous hypoechoicity, irregular shadowing, and fuzzy and/or jagged margins. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy accurately diagnosed 46 benign nonpalpable lesions and 20 malignant nonpalpable lesions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ultrasonography is a useful adjunct to clinical and mammographic evaluation of breast disease. Breast ultrasound identifies cysts, aids in differentiating benign from malignant lesions, and facilitates office needle biopsy of nonpalpable abnormalities, permitting timely and cost-effective patient care.
Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation: Lessons from Indonesia's Village Banking System

Indonesia needs an aggressive poverty reduction strategy to counter the 1997 Asian financial crisis, which has propelled millions of its citizens into poverty. Microfinance is a proven method of reducing poverty and has been successfully used within Indonesia in government-supported programs. In addition to continuing its staterun microfinance programs, Indonesia should support increased non-governmental organization ("NGO") participation in microfinance programs by permitting NGOs to conduct the full range of activities of a state-run microfinance program. Such a move would help to ensure that microfinance services reach people with the least access to the formal financial sector.
An Empirical Examination of the Characteristics of the Integration Responsiveness Pressures

Although the integration-responsiveness framework has been used extensively in the international business and strategy literature, empirical validation of the framework has largely focussed on the strategy and structure of MNCs in response to the environmental pressures confronted by the firm. There have been few attempts to directly investigate the characteristics of the diverse environmental pressures confronted by multinational firms as they conduct their value creating activities worldwide. In this study, we propose five factors to examine in detail the characteristics of the integration-responsiveness pressures. These are depth, dimensionality, direction, distinctiveness and dynamic. Using data from MNC subsidiaries, we empirically test the nature of the environmental pressures that impact on MNC strategy and organisation. Based on our findings, we propose an alternative representation of the integration responsiveness framework that is more meaningful, useful and consistent with the contemporary behavior of MNCs than the current framework. In particular, the alternative representation isolates the issues of strategy and structure from that of the business environment and overcomes the recurrent problem of confounding among these concepts in the literature. Second, the proposed IR framework better captures the trade-off between integration and responsiveness that needs to be managed to operate global businesses. Finally, in contrast with the current IR framework wherein the environmental pressures are a priori classified as GI or LR thus making the framework static and rigid, the alternative framework is dynamic and flexible as it allows the pressures to be classified as GI, LR or both contingent upon the nature of the business, firm, function, task, country and customer segments, and over time.
Etomidate produces similar allosteric modulation in α1β3δ and α1β3γ2L GABAA receptors

Neuronal GABAA receptors are pentameric chloride ion channels, which include synaptic αβγ and extrasynaptic αβδ isoforms, mediating phasic and tonic inhibition respectively. Although the subunit arrangement of αβγ receptors is established as β‐α‐γ‐β‐α, that of αβδ receptors is uncertain and possibly variable. We compared receptors formed from free α1, β3 and δ or γ2L subunits and concatenated β3‐α1‐δ and β3‐α1 subunit assemblies (placing δ in the established γ position) by investigating the effects of R‐(+)‐etomidate (ETO), an allosteric modulator that selectively binds to transmembrane interfacial sites between β3 and α1.
Ocular Manifestations in HIV Positive and AIDS Patients in Nepal

Background: HIV has the capability to affect every organ system in the body. Ocular manifestations have been reported in up to 70% of individuals infected with HIV and the ocular manifestations reflect systemic disease and may be the first sign of disseminated infection. Aim: To identify different types of ocular involvement in the cases known to be infected with HIV. Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive study was undertaken during the period between January 2005 and July 2006. All the diagnosed cases of HIV infected individuals either coming to the hospital or collected from rehabilitation centres were included in the study. Results: 103 HIV infected cases were examined; of which 45 cases (43.6%) were AIDS cases. The mean age of presentation was 29.6 ± 9.8 years. The commonest systemic disease was pulmonary tuberculosis (65.9%). In the study group, 38.8% of the cases had ocular involvement. In the ocular findings, posterior segment lesions (32%) were most common. Ocular involvement among asymptomatic patient was 22.7% while it was 91.6% among symptomatic patients. HIV retinopathy (23.3%) was the most common HIV-associated ophthalmic lesions. Ocular involvement was the most common in cases that contracted the disease through sexual contact. A negative correlation was observed between CD4 level and ocular involvement. Conclusion: There needs to be awareness of ocular involvement among HIV infected individuals and an increased emphasis on regular ophthalmic examination in all HIV patients. Routine referral system for ocular evaluation from other medical departments seems mandatory for timely diagnosis of the vision threatening conditions.
Multi-Zone hybrid model for failure detection of the stable ventilation systems

In this paper, a conceptual multi-zone model for climate control of a live stock building is elaborated. The main challenge of this research is to estimate the parameters of a nonlinear hybrid model. A recursive estimation algorithm, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is implemented for estimation. Since the EKF is sensitive to the initial guess, in the following the estimation process is split up into simple parts and approximate parameters are found with a non recursive least squares method in order to provide good initial values. Results based on experiments from a real life stable facility are presented at the end.
Determinants of Satisfaction with an Urban Tourism Destination:The Case of Barcelona

Conscious of the central role of satisfaction in the success of a destination we examine the relationship between a destinationâ€™s attributes and overall satisfaction. Based on the information about 19 destination attributes and using a principal factor analysis, we identified 5 relevant dimensions, with â€œAccommodation and restaurant servicesâ€ as the key factor to explain overall satisfaction. Next, we explore the potential moderating effects of tourist and trip characteristics on that relationship. Our results suggest that the estimated relationship is very stable across types of tourists, trip features or purpose of travel. We use a survey of 2,484 interviews conducted with international tourists that visited Barcelona throughout 2013. Empirical findings allow an efficient allocation of resources in order to achieve maximum satisfaction. Therefore, they are useful to help policy makers and entrepreneurs select targets for promotion, and attain high destination competitiveness.
Firm Risk And Performance: The Role Of Corporate Governance Of Redtone International Berhad

This study aims at analyzing the relationship between corporate governance, REDtone firm liquidity and internal and external factor. In order to carry out the study a descriptive analysis through quantitative approach was used. Descriptive statistics analysis, we analyzed the firm’s annual report from year 2011 to 2015, SPSS and correlation helped confirm that the company corporate governance, firm performance and risk. Thus, the better the financial performance (ROA, ROE and liquidity) the lower the risk incurred.
Inter‐relationships between different classes of chemical allergens

Although allergic sensitization of the respiratory tract induced by chemicals is not as common as skin sensitization, it is nevertheless an important occupational health issue. Respiratory allergy to chemicals, characterized typically by rhinitis and asthma, is associated with considerable morbidity and with related socioeconomic costs. Several experimental approaches have been proposed for the prospective identification of chemical respiratory allergens, but none of these has yet been validated formally. In the absence of a widely accepted method for respiratory allergen identification, it is appropriate and relevant to explore their relationship with skin‐sensitizing chemicals. A series of chemicals known to cause immune‐mediated respiratory allergy in humans has been examined. The majority of the respiratory allergens tested were found to elicit positive responses in one or more standard tests used for the identification of skin‐sensitizing potential (guinea pig maximization test, the Buehler test and/or the local lymph node assay). We suggest that this observation might form the basis of a potentially useful paradigm for initial characterization of the respiratory‐sensitizing potential of chemicals. Specifically, chemicals that fail to elicit positive responses in accepted skin‐sensitization test methods might also be regarded as lacking the inherent potential to cause allergic sensitization of the respiratory tract. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parieto‐occipital ∼1 0Hz activity reflects anticipatory state of visual attention mechanisms

HIGH-DENSITY EEG recordings revealed sensory specific modulation of anticipatory parieto-occipital ∼10 Hz oscillatory activity when visually presented word cues instructed subjects in an intermodal selective attention paradigm. Cueing attention to the auditory features of imminent compound audio-visual stimuli resulted in significantly higher ∼1 0 Hz amplitude in the period preceding onset of this stimulus than when attention was cued to the visual features. We propose that this parieto-occipital ∼1 0 Hz activity reflects a disengaged visual attentional system in preparation for anticipated auditory input that is attentionally more relevant. Conversely, lower ∼1 0 Hz activity during the attend—visual condition may reflect active engagement of parieto-occipital areas in the anticipatory period. These results support models implicating parieto-occipital areas in the directing and maintenance of visual attention.
Identifying footprints of directional and balancing selection in marine and freshwater three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations

Natural selection is expected to leave an imprint on the neutral polymorphisms at the adjacent genomic regions of a selected gene. While directional selection tends to reduce within‐population genetic diversity and increase among‐population differentiation, the reverse is expected under balancing selection. To identify targets of natural selection in the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) genome, 103 microsatellite and two indel markers including expressed sequence tags (EST) and quantitative trait loci (QTL)‐associated loci, were genotyped in four freshwater and three marine populations. The results indicated that a high proportion of loci (14.7%) might be affected by balancing selection and a lower proportion (2.8%) by directional selection. The strongest signatures of directional selection were detected in a microsatellite locus and two indel markers located in the intronic regions of the Eda‐gene coding for the number of lateral plates. Yet, other microsatellite loci previously found to be informative in QTL‐mapping studies revealed no signatures of selection. Two novel microsatellite loci (Stn12 and Stn90) located in chromosomes I and VIII, respectively, showed signals of directional selection and might be linked to genomic regions containing gene(s) important for adaptive divergence. Although the coverage of the total genomic content was relatively low, the predominance of balancing selection signals is in agreement with the contention that balancing, rather than directional selection is the predominant mode of selection in the wild.
Employee Engagement: Generational Differences in the Workforce

One of the most important issues to emerge over the past 40 years has been the increasing diversity of the workforce. These differences can be attributed to age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic background, education, experience, and other characteristics. Today, there are four different generations in the workforceBaby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and the Millennials. Generational differences contribute an additional complexity and challenge to management. One specific area of interest is the influence of ones generation to the engagement of the employee. This study examines the differences in employee engagement across the three generations currently in the labor forceBaby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials. Data were collected from published articles and a survey. The survey instrument was distributed through a centralized national company of smaller owned companies. A sample was drawn from a list of these companies. Statistical methods were applied to the results.
Validation of risk prediction models for the development of HBV-related HCC: a retrospective multi-center 10-year follow-up cohort study

Recently, modified REACH-B (mREACH-B) risk prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development was proposed. We validated the accuracy of the mREACH-B model and compared its accuracy with those of other prediction models. Between 2006 and 2012, 1,241 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were recruited. All patients underwent transient elastography at enrollment. The median age of the study population (840 males, 401 females) was 49 years. The median PAGE-B, LSM-HCC, and mREACH-B values were 10, 10, and 8, respectively. Among patients without cirrhosis (n = 940, 75.7%), the median REACH-B value was 9. During the follow-up period (median 77.4 months), 66 (5.3%) and 83 (6.7%) patients developed HCC and liver-related events (LRE), respectively. Higher liver stiffness (LS) independently predicted HCC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.047) and LRE development (HR = 1.047) (all P < 0.05). The mREACH-B significantly predicted HCC (AUC = 0.824 at 3-year and 0.750 at 5-year) and LRE development (AUC = 0.782 at 3-year and 0.739 at 5-year) (all P < 0.001) and it performed similarly or significantly better than the PAGE-B and LSM-HCC (AUC = 0.715-0.809 at 3-year and 0.719-0.742 at 5-year for HCC; AUC = 0.704-0.777 at 3-year and 0.721-0.735 at 5-year for LRE). Among patients without cirrhosis, mREACH-B predicted HCC (AUC = 0.803 vs. 0.654-0.816 at 3-year and 0.684 vs. 0.639-0.738 at 5-year) and LRE development (AUC = 0.734 vs. 0.619-0.789 at 3-year and 0.674 vs. 0.626-0.729 at 5-year) similarly to PAGE-B, REACH-B, and LSM-HCC. mREACH-B appropriately predicted HCC and LRE development in patients with CHB and showed similar or superior accuracy to those of PAGE-B, REACH-B, and LSM-HCC.
Physical compatibility of 4% sodium citrate with selected antimicrobial agents.

PURPOSE The physical compatibility of 4% sodium citrate with vancomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, daptomycin, and linezolid was evaluated. METHODS Admixtures were prepared by mixing 4% sodium citrate with clinically relevant concentrations of antimicrobial agents (vancomycin 5 mg/mL, vancomycin 10 mg/mL, vancomycin 20 mg/mL, daptomycin 5 mg/mL, gentamicin 2.4 mg/mL, tobramycin 2.4 mg/mL, and linezolid 1 mg/mL). Three samples of each admixture were incubated (1) at 22-23 degrees C and exposed to light, (2) in a water bath at 37 degrees C and exposed to light, (3) at 22-23 degrees C and protected from light, and (4) in a water bath at 37 degrees C and protected from light. Visual compatibility, spectrophotometric absorbance, and pH were evaluated immediately after mixing (baseline) and at 8, 24, and 48 hours. Physical compatibility was defined as the absence of visible precipitation, a pH value at 48 hours that did not vary by more than 10% from baseline, and an absorbance value of <0.015. RESULTS There was no visual evidence of precipitation and no clinically important changes in pH observed during the 48-hour study period in any admixture. However, turbidity, based on absorbance, was noted with vancomycin 20 mg/mL at each time point. CONCLUSION No evidence of incompatibility was observed when vancomycin 5 mg/ mL, vancomycin 10 mg/mL, daptomycin 5 mg/mL, gentamicin 2.4 mg/mL, tobramycin 2.4 mg/mL, or linezolid 1 mg/mL was mixed with 4% sodium citrate as might occur in an antimicrobial lock. Vancomycin 20 mg/mL mixed with 4% sodium citrate displayed spectrophotometric evidence of incompatibility.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, UMUR PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE, DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP KETEPATAN WAKTU PENYAMPAIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI pada periode 2011-2013. Sampel dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling setiap tahun selama tahun 2011 sampai dengan tahun 2013 sehingga diperoleh 267 sampel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan uji hipotesis menggunakan regresi logistik dengan menggunakan program SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukan bahwa profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan, dan umur perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan karena peusahaan yang baru terdaftar d BEI cenderung lebih memerhatikan citranya di mata investor, sehingga lebih cenderung menyampaikan laporan keuangannya secara tepat waktu. Sedangkan leverage dan likuiditas tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan dan informasi mengenai rasio-rasio tersebut diabaikan dalam ketepatan waktu penyampain laporan keuangan. Hal ini dikarenakan informasi mengenai utang jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek sebuah perusahaan lebih dibutuhkan oleh kreditur dibandingkan dengan calon investor di pasar modal. Kata kunci: Timeliness, profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, umur perusahaan, leverage, likuiditas This study aims to analyze the factors that affect keepatan of the submission of financial statements. The population of this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2011-2013. Samples were selected by purposive sampling method each year during 2011 to 2013 in order to obtain 267 samples. This study uses descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing using logistic regression using SPSS. Based on the results of hypothesis testing showed that the profitability and the size of the company's positive effect on the timeliness of financial reports, and the age of the company negatively affect the timeliness of financial statements because of the Vendor newly registered d BEI tends to be more attentive to their image in the eyes of investors, making it more likely to submit reports finances on a timely basis. While leverage and liquidity does not affect the timeliness of financial reports and information on the ratios penyampain ignored in the timeliness of financial reports. This is because information about the long-term debt and short term of a company is required by the lenders as compared to potential investors in the capital market. Keywords: Timeliness, profitability, firm size, firm age, leverage, liquidity
THE IMPLICATION OF INNOVATION STRATEGY TOWARDS CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISIONS: A STUDY IN INDONESIAN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

This explanatory study uses the panel data analysis to test the influence of innovation strategy on firm’s capital structure. This study has three objectives. Firstly, the empirical investigation will assess the extent to which Indonesian manufacturing companies listed in BEI investing their money to R&D activities as the way to be an innovator in their industry. Secondly, we will investigate the role of innovation strategy in explaining the capital structure decision. Finally, the study will also examine the relationship between the interaction of innovation strategy and firm’s profitability toward capital structure decision. Previous study suggest that firms pursuing an innovation strategy require a certain level of equity that provide a financial buffer to ensure stability and availability of funds for research efforts, new product launches, and on-going development of knowledge based capabilities (O’Brien, 2003). In other words, firms need to maintain their financial slack before decided to take innovation strategy as their grand strategy. This paper is made by considering that corporate strategy can help in explaining the variation in capital structure choices made by manufacturing companies in Indonesia. In an Industry, competitive strategy forms that were chosen by managers will determine the strategic value of decision to retain their certain financial slacks. Using Annual Report data of 67 manufacturing companies from 2000 until 2005, this study confirms that financial slack be the important determinant for the firm to lead innovation strategy. Firms pursuing an innovation strategy have low financial leverage. This study also finds that the more important innovation for company strategy, the stronger the negative relationship between profitability and leverage will be