Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decoupling or ‘Decaffing’? The Underlying Conceptualization of Circular Economy in the European Union Monitoring Framework

In recent years, the shift to a circular economy (CE) has become an increasingly important component of the European Union’s development strategy. However, no consensus has yet been reached on the depth of the transformation this implies, nor on the most appropriate strategy for its measurement. In 2018, the European Commission presented a monitoring framework to evaluate the progress made in this transition, focused on the priority objectives of the European strategy for the CE. This article aims to discuss the conceptualization of the CE behind the selection and interpretation of the metrics proposed by the commission. It is argued that the chosen indicators are mostly concerned with material self-sufficiency and recycling, neglecting other dimensions of the concept more closely related to systemic change. Moreover, some issues that are relevant from a CE perspective, such as the disparate distribution of recyclable material flows among EU Member States in terms of value and environmental impact, are overlooked in the interpretation of the available information. Consequently, a more ambitious and diverse selection of metrics is suggested to reflect the wider socio-economic and environmental objectives of the CE, thus preventing the dissemination of a limited version of the concept.
Frühzeitige Diagnose kindlicher Hörstörung durch Einführung des Neugeborenen Hörscreenings (UNHS)

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G-BA) hat 2009 die Einführung des Neugeborenen Hörscreenings (UNHS) beschlossen. Mit dem Ziel Aussagen zum Alter bei Diagnosesicherung von kindlichen Hörstörungen vor und nach Einführung des UNHS zu erhalten, wurden Datensätze von 11 155 Kindern analysiert. Material und Methoden: Es wurden die Krankenakten aller Kinder, die zwischen 01.01. 2000–31.12. 2009 wegen Verdacht auf Hörstörung in unserer Klinik vorgestellt wurden, ausgewertet. Zusätzlich analysierten wir die Daten von 3 325 Neugeborenen, die zwischen 2003–2010 gescreent wurden. Erfasst wurde das Alter bei Diagnosesicherung, die Form und der Grad der Hörstörung, Beginn und Art der Rehabilitation, Häufigkeit der Kontrollen bei permanenter Hörstörung im Verlauf. Ergebnisse: Für den Zeitraum der Auswertung wurden insgesamt 1 410 Kinder mit permanenten Schwerhörigkeiten ermittelt. Das Diagnose-Alter lag im Jahr 2000 durchschnittlich bei 64 Monaten und reduzierte sich auf 8,6 Monate im Jahr 2005. Zwischen 2006–2009 waren die Babys bei Diagnosesicherung 3,3 Monate und nach Einführung des UNHS 2009 reduzierte sich das Alter bei Diagnosesicherung nochmals auf 2,4 Monate. Der Anteil der diagnostizierten Schallempfindungsstörungen überwiegt gegenüber anderen Hörstörungen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Einführung des UNHS hat nachweislich zur Verbesserung der Früherkennung kindlicher Hörstörung geführt. Die frühzeitige Diagnostik ermöglicht eine frühere Rehabilitation und lässt eine positive Gesamtentwicklung der Kinder erwarten. Dennoch ist bei Kindern mit permanenten Hörstörungen eine kontinuierliche Langzeit-Betreuung mit fachärztlicher Kompetenz erforderlich.
An Ecological Approach To the Study of Child Care: Family Day Care in Israel

Contents: Introduction. The Social and Historical Context for the Development of Child Care. Research Goals and Methodology. Parents of Children in Family Day Care. FDC Caregivers. Growing Up in Two Socializing Worlds. The Behavior of Infants and Toddlers in FDC. Family Day Care as a Childrearing Setting. The Interface Between Family, Child, and Child Care. Summary of Results and Implications for Future Research. Child-Care Policy.
Studies of postpartum mammary gland involution reveal novel pro-metastatic mechanisms

Postpartum involution is the process by which the lactating mammary gland returns to the pre-pregnant state after weaning. Expression of tumor-promotional collagen, upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases, infiltration of M2 macrophages, and remodeling of blood and lymphatic vasculature are all characteristics shared by the involuting mammary gland and breast tumor microenvironment. The tumor promotional nature of the involuting mammary gland is perhaps best evidenced by cases of postpartum breast cancer (PPBC), or those cases diagnosed within 10 years of most recent childbirth. Women with PPBC experience more aggressive disease and higher risk of metastasis than nulliparous patients and those diagnosed outside the postpartum window. Semaphorin 7a (SEMA7A), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and collagen are all expressed in the involuting mammary gland and, together, predict for decreased metastasis free survival in breast cancer. Studies investigating the role of these proteins in involution have been important for understanding their contributions to PPBC. Postpartum involution thus represents a valuable model for the identification of novel molecular drivers of PPBC and classical cancer hallmarks. In this review, we will highlight the similarities between involution and cancer in the mammary gland, and further define the contribution of SEMA7A/COX-2/collagen interplay to postpartum involution and breast tumor progression and metastasis.
Adherence to drug treatment among schizophrenic patients in Jigawa State, Nigeria

Schizophrenia is among the most common psychiatric disorders, affecting approximately 1% of the world’s population and is among the leading cause of disability. Adherence to drug therapy is associated with favourable clinical outcomes and good quality of life among schizophrenic patients undergoing treatment. This study assessed the prevalence and factors responsible for adherence/ non-adherence to drug treatment among schizophrenic patients in Jigawa State. We used a descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study design and recruited three hundred and ninety- nine patients using multi-stage sampling technique. The mean and standard deviation of age of the respondents was 42.3±11.2. The level of drug adherence was 47.1%. On bivariate analysis, cost of treatment, types of treatment, side effects, and effects of treatment on the performance were found to be associated with low adherence of drugs treatment (P<0.05). On adjusting for confounding effect using logistic regression analysis, the cost of treatment of more than one thousand naira per day (AOR=3.00, 95%CI=2.75-8.83) and presence of side effects (AOR=4.01, 95%CI=1.45-16.09) were found to be predictors of non-adherence to drug treatments. Supervised community treatment, behavioural change communications along with community mental health care financing were recommended in order to increase access and decrease non-adherence to drugs.
The effect of creatine and/or caffeine ingestion on repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise performance /by Zoltan Andre Torok.

THE EFFECT OF CREATINE AND/OR CAFFEINE INGESTION ON REPEATED BOUTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE PERFORMANCE The purpose of this study was to determine what effect caffeine, creatine, or the combination of treatment would have on multiple bouts of high intensity exercise performance. Some research has shown caffeine and creatine to ellict an ergogenic effect on repeated bouts of high-intensity performance, but new research investigating the combination has been done. Subjects were asked to undergo 4 separate treatments (placebo, caffeine only, creatine only, creatine + caffeine) for 9 days and then participate in 2 different experimental conditions; 6 x 6 second Wingate, 6 x 50-meter Track sprints. To determine statistical significance a repeated measure was preformed comparing treatments to sprint, a paired sample t-test was performed to determine during which sprint it had occurred. The primary findings of the study were creatine loading plus acute caffeine ingestion improved peak power and mean power in the 1 and 2 6 second Wingate. The ingestion of caffeine only improved 50 m sprint time during the 4, 5, and 6 trial over placebo. This is the first study to definitively show that the ergogenic effect of caffeine and/or creatine might be specific to the type of activity performed and the environment in which the supplement is used. Zoltan Andre Torok May 2010 THE EFFECT OF CREATINE AND/OR CAFFEINE INGESTION ON REPEATED BOUTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE PERFORMANCE by Zoltan Andre Torok A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Kinesiology in the College of Health and Human Services California State University, Fresno
Systematic Review of Infection Prevention and Control Policies and Nosocomial Transmission of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Emerging multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB) has become a major public health problem, placing millions at risk. Further, nosocomial transmission of MDR/XDR-TB places both patients and healthcare workers at an even higher risk. Effective tuberculosis (TB) infection prevention and control (IPC) policies in high-risk settings must use evidence-based science and should be customized to the setting. However, the growing incidence of MDR/XDR-TB in some global settings raises questions about whether adequate healthcarerelated TB IPC policies are in place and whether they are implemented effectively. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to catalogue healthcare-related TB IPC policy research conducted in high-prevalence settings and draw a picture of existing evidence-based TB IPC policies and their implementation, with a focus on preventing and controlling nosocomial transmission of MDR/XDR-TB. Two databases (PubMed and Embase) were searched from 1990 – 2013 and outputs were categorized by region/country, income, MDR/XDR-TB incidence, level of IC intervention, and time period. None of the 20 captured research studies were conducted in TB high-prevalence, low-income settings. Most (12/20) were implemented within the Pan American Health Organization region, followed by the African (4/20) and European (4, 20%) regions. Most studies reviewed (70%) were undertaken because of an outbreak and most (70%) were published between 1990 – 2000. This systematic literature review showed a gap in research on TB IPC policies addressing nosocomial transmission of MDR/XDR-TB in high-prevalence, low-income settings. TB IPC policy development and implementation should be routinely undertaken as a part of effective and efficient public health practice. Development of TB IPC global best practices should be guaranteed and a concerted effort to promote, distribute, train, and implement these TB IPC best practices in low-resource countries would help mitigate the growing incidence of MDR/XDR-TB
kinfitr: Reproducible PET Pharmacokinetic Modelling in R

Quantification of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) data is performed using pharmacokinetic models. There exist many models for describing this data, each of which may describe the data better or worse depending on the specific application, and there are both theoretical, practical and empirical reasons to select any one model over another. As such, effective PET modelling requires a high degree of flexibility, while effective communication of all steps taken through scientific publications is not always feasible. Reproducible research practices address these concerns, in that researchers share analysis code, and data if possible, such that all steps are recorded, allowing an independent researcher to reproduce the results and assess their veracity. In this article, I present kinfitr: a software package for performing kinetic modelling using the open-source R language, in a reproducible manner. The R community has a strong culture of reproducible research, and the language consists of numerous tools which allow both effective and easy sharing and communication of analysis code. The package is written in such a way as to allow the analyst the freedom to use and rapidly exchange between approaches, and to assess goodness of fit, with 14 different kinetic models currently implemented using a consistent syntax, as well as tools for working with the data. By providing open-source tools for kinetic modelling, including documentation and examples, it is hoped that this will extend access to methodology for research groups lacking software engineering expertise, as well as simplify and thereby encourage transparent and reproducible reporting.
Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery for Leiomyoma and Adenomyosis: An Alternative Nonvascular Approach

Magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) surgery is a promisingly alternative method for the treatment of symptomatic leiomyoma and adenomyosis. In this article, we mainly aim to introduce two totally typical patients with leiomyoma and adenomyosis who underwent MRgFUS surgery successfully without any severe complications at our interventional radiology center. Our results revealed that focused ultrasound surgery is an innovatively safe and nonvascular approach which should be taken into consideration for the treatment of patients with symptomatic leiomyoma and adenomyosis.
RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Speed and Fidelity are not the Only Determinants of the Mechanism or Efficiency of Recombination

Using the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from poliovirus (PV) as our model system, we have shown that Lys-359 in motif-D functions as a general acid in the mechanism of nucleotidyl transfer. A K359H (KH) RdRp derivative is slow and faithful relative to wild-type enzyme. In the context of the virus, RdRp-coding sequence evolves, selecting for the following substitutions: I331F (IF, motif-C) and P356S (PS, motif-D). We have evaluated IF-KH, PS-KH, and IF-PS-KH viruses and enzymes. The speed and fidelity of each double mutant are equivalent. Each exhibits a unique recombination phenotype, with IF-KH being competent for copy-choice recombination and PS-KH being competent for forced-copy-choice recombination. Although the IF-PS-KH RdRp exhibits biochemical properties within twofold of wild type, the virus is impaired substantially for recombination in cells. We conclude that there are biochemical properties of the RdRp in addition to speed and fidelity that determine the mechanism and efficiency of recombination. The interwoven nature of speed, fidelity, the undefined property suggested here, and recombination makes it impossible to attribute a single property of the RdRp to fitness. However, the derivatives described here may permit elucidation of the importance of recombination on the fitness of the viral population in a background of constant polymerase speed and fidelity. Significance The availability of a “universal” method to create attenuated viruses for use as vaccine strains would permit a rapid response to outbreaks of newly emerging viruses. Targeting RdRp fidelity has emerged as such a universal approach. However, because polymerase fidelity and speed are inextricably linked, the effort to attribute the attenuated phenotype to a single biochemical property of the RdRp may be futile. Here, we show that this circumstance is even more complex. We provide evidence for the existence of a biochemical parameter that combines with fidelity and speed to govern the mechanism and/or efficiency of recombination. We conclude that the field will be served best by continued emphasis on discovery of manipulatable functions of the RdRp instead of debating the importance of individual properties.
Embedding a Mental Attitude to Build Quality Culture in STKIP Singkawang Using DIECU Model

This study aims to embed a mental attitude to build a quality culture in Singkawang School of Teacher Training and Education (STKIP Singkawang) using DIECU model. DIECU (Deciding, Implementation, and Evaluation, Check and Upgrading cycle) is the model of continuous improvement for sustainable quality assurance. The research was considered as a case study with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. DIECU model could embed a strong mental attitude to an academic community in STKIP Singkawang. There are (1) always prioritizing quality in setting quality standards and must conform to the vision and mission of STKIP Singkawang, (2) always oriented to internal stakeholders in STKIP Singkawang in implementing Internal Quality Assurance System (IQAS) of STKIP Singkawang, (3) every unit that conducted a self-evaluation process should consider other people as stakeholders who must be fulfilled in using their self-evaluation results, (4) any policies made in the quality improvement process should be based on data analysis in the form of a self-evaluation report, not based on assumptions or manipulations, (5) any policy making in the process of improving the content of STKIP Singkawang's IQAS standard should be done in a participative and collegial, not authoritarian.
Principles of Sports Medicine

This multiauthored text, written by well-recognized au­ thorities on the subject of urodynamics, is divided into seven sections. The discussion of neurourology as it pertains to the bladder and urethra progresses in an orderly fashion. The initial section deals with the basic science of vesicourethral anatomy and physiology. Unlike many comparable texts, the first chapter of the book (in which Gosling and Chilton describe the anatomy of the bladder and urethra) includes high-quality photographs of gross and microscopic anatomic specimens to depict the cur­ rent concepts of the interrelationship of the neuroanatomy and the muscular anatomy of the lower urinary tract. In sequence, the physiologic, pharmacologic, and hydrodynamic features of the lower urinary tract are concisely outlined, material that provides an excellent foundation for the subsequent section. The second section, on the principles and practice of urodynamics, describes the various types of patients who benefit most from assessment with urodynamic studies, the type of equipment available, and the details about each urodynamic variable. In an excellent chapter, Ste­ phenson and Wein provide interpretations of the various urodynamic measurements. The third section deals with the hydrodynamics in current clinical applications of upper urinary tract uro­ dynamics, information that is seldom included in texts on urodynamics. The fourth and fifth sections bridge the gap between urodynamic testing and the clinical applications in adults who have voiding dysfunction because of nonneuropathic or neuropathic vesicourethral abnormali­ ties. The sixth section similarly relates these applications to voiding dysfunction in children, and the last section describes some of the therapeutic alternatives, including urinary diversion, used in the management of patients with severe voiding dysfunction. In essence, this text is extraordinarily complete be­ cause it not only reviews the diagnostic aspects of voiding dysfunction but also discusses some of the currently accepted therapeutic alternatives for this disorder. There­ fore, it should be recommended reading for students of neurourology and also for those actively involved in evaluating all types of voiding dysfunction or providing care for patients with voiding abnormalities.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANKLE SPRAINS ON PROPRIOCEPTION

Ankle sprain is the most common and frequent injury in sports. The current study used the BIODEX System III isokinetic dynamometer to assess if ankle injury would impair proprioception. The ankles of 16 college-aged male subjects were tested: eight subjects with unilateral functional instability ankle sprain symptoms (FI), and eight with bilateral non-injury healthy ankle (NH). The BIODEX System III dynamometer was used to assess ankle proprioception function in both active and passive reposition sense. Results showed that the passive and active ankle reposition senses in the FI group were lower than those in the NH group. Such findings suggest that rehabilitation programs for sprained ankles should include proprioception training, especially in restoring passive reposition sense.
Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection, South Korea, 2007–2016

The prevalence and incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections increased in South Korea from 2007 to 2016. Annual prevalence of NTM infection increased to 39.6 cases/100,000 population in 2016 and annual incidence to 19.0 cases/100,000 population. Overall prevalence for the study period was higher in the elderly, in females, and in cities.
Winter decrease of zooplankton abundance and biomass in subalpine oligotrophic Lake Atnsjøen (SE Norway)

Despite the rapidly changing winter conditions in temperate ecosystems, little attention has been devoted to the effects of these changes on lake ecology. Few studies on the seasonal changes in abundance and biomass of the major groups of the metazooplankton community (i.e. rotifers, cladocerans and copepods) in northern oligotrophic lakes include data from the ice-covered winter months. This study reports monthly variation in zooplankton abundance and biomass from June 2010 to October 2011, including winter, in an oligotrophic, subalpine lake in southeastern Norway (Lake Atnsjøen). Changes in rotifer, cladoceran, copepod, and total zooplankton abundances and biomass were related to seasonal variation in water temperature and phytoplankton biomass by means of ordination analysis. The zooplankton abundance and biomass were much lower in winter than during the open water season. However, an under-ice phytoplankton bloom occurred during the final winter months, when snow cover and ice thickness were reduced and (presumably) light penetration increased, leading to an increase in abundance of copepod nauplii. Winter zooplankton abundance was dominated by copepods and rotifers, while winter zooplankton biomass was dominated by copepods and cladocerans. Both phytoplankton and zooplankton had two biomass peaks in 2010 and one peak in 2011. Rotifers dominated zooplankton abundance with a peak in August and total zooplankton abundance followed a similar pattern. In contrast, cladocerans dominated zooplankton biomass with a peak in July and total zooplankton biomass also peaked at this time. Rotifer and total zooplankton abundance and rotifer biomass were most closely correlated to water temperature. However, cladoceran biomass and total biomass were most closely correlated with phytoplankton biomass, but also appeared to be dependent on other carbon sources. Estimates of non-phytoplankton particulate organic carbon indicated that this part of the carbon pool could be an additional food source for zooplankton particularly in early and mid-winter. The longer growing season in 2011 than in 2010, owing to earlier ice-off in 2011, may have contributed to higher phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass in 2011. With climate warming, this is an expected change in temperate lake ecosystems.
Pharmacology of new treatments for hyperkalaemia: patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate

Abstract Hyperkalaemia is a life-threatening condition, resulting from decreased renal function or dysfunctional homoeostatic mechanisms, often affecting patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease. Drugs such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) are known to improve outcomes in CV patients but can also cause drug-induced hyperkalaemia. New therapeutic options exist to enhance potassium excretion in these patients. To this aim, we reviewed pharmacological properties and available data on patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for the treatment of hyperkalaemia. These agents have been shown in randomized trials to significantly reduce serum potassium in patients with hyperkalaemia on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. Additional research should focus on their long-term effects/safety profiles and drug–drug interactions.
False‐negative detections from environmental DNA collected in the presence of large numbers of killer whales (
 Orcinus orca
 )

Irish Research Council (Enterprise Partnership Scheme Postgraduate Scholarship (Grant Number: EPSPG/2015/158)); Marine Institute (Networking and Travel Grant Numbers: NT‐17‐55, NT‐18‐49; Enterprise Partnership Scheme Postgraduate Scholarship); American Museum of Natural History (Lerner‐Gray Fund for Marine Research)