Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anélidos poliquetos bentónicos de la Ría de Ferrol (Galicia)

La presente tesis doctoral constituye un estudio taxonomico y faunistico exhaustivo sobre los anelidos poliquetos bentonicos de la ria de Ferrol, muestreando tanto la zona intermareal (9 estaciones) como la infralitoral (78 cuadriculas mediante dragado y 7 estaciones con escafandra autonoma). Estos muestreos condujeron a la obtencion de un total de 40.212 ejemplares repartidos en 251 especies pertenecientes a 46 familias. Para cada especie se recopilan todos los datos relativos a su autoecologIa en la ria y sus distribuciones iberica y mundial; Asimismo, cuando es necesario (11 especies) se completa su descripcion y se discuten (93 especies) ciertos aspectos morfologico-sistematicos. De todo ello resulta que: 4 especies se citan por primera vez en la zona intermaeral; 6 son novedad para el oceano Atlantico, 1 para sus costas europeas, ibericas y espanolas respectivamente; 11 se citan por primera vez para la peninsula iberica, 1 amplia su rango de distribucion conocido hacia el norte y 5 hacia el sur y 3 se mencionan por primera vez fuera de su localidad tipo. Por fin, se elabora el inventario de los anelidos poliquetos de Galicia, recopilandose 481 especies, 27 de las cuales se citan por primera vez en este litoral y confirmandose la presencia de otras dos.
Regulation of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus by stress, acetylcholine and dopamine

Neurogenesis is well-established to occur during adulthood in two regions of the brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Research for more than two decades has implicated a role for adult neurogenesis in several brain functions including learning and effects of antidepressants and antipsychotics. Clear understanding of the players involved in the regulation of adult neurogenesis is emerging. We review evidence for the role of stress, dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) as regulators of neurogenesis in the SGZ. Largely, stress decreases neurogenesis, while the effects of ACh and DA depend on the type of receptors mediating their action. Increasingly, the new neurons formed in adulthood are potentially linked to crucial brain processes such as learning and memory. In brain disorders like Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, stress-induced cognitive dysfunction, depression and age-associated dementia, the necessity to restore brain functions is enormous. Activation of the resident stem cells in the adult brain to treat neuropsychiatric disorders has immense potential and understanding the mechanisms of regulation of adult neurogenesis by endogenous and exogenous factors holds the key to develop therapeutic strategies for the debilitating neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Algorithms for energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks

The recent advances in microsensor and semiconductor technology have opened a new field within computer science: the networking of small-sized sensors which are capable of sensing, processing, and communicating. Such wireless sensor networks offer new applications in the areas of habitat and environment monitoring, disaster control and operation, military and intelligence control, object tracking, video surveillance, traffic control, as well as in health care and home automation. It is likely that the deployed sensors will be battery-powered, which will limit the energy capacity significantly. Thus, energy efficiency becomes one of the main challenges that need to be taken into account, and the design of energy-efficient algorithms is a major contribution of this thesis. As the wireless communication in the network is one of the main energy consumers, we first consider in detail the characteristics of wireless communication. By using the embedded sensor board (ESB) platform recently developed by the Free University of Berlin, we analyze the means of forward error correction and propose an appropriate resync mechanism, which improves the communication between two ESB nodes substantially. Afterwards, we focus on the forwarding of data packets through the network. We present the algorithms energy-efficient forwarding (EEF), lifetime-efficient forwarding (LEF), and energy-efficient aggregation forwarding (EEAF). While EEF is designed to maximize the number of data bytes delivered per energy unit, LEF additionally takes into account the residual energy of forwarding nodes. In so doing, LEF further prolongs the lifetime of the network. Energy savings due to data aggregation and in-network processing are exploited by EEAF. Besides single-link forwarding, in which data packets are sent to only one forwarding node, we also study the impact of multi-link forwarding, which exploits the broadcast characteristics of the wireless medium by sending packets to several (potential) forwarding nodes. By actively selecting a forwarder among all nodes that received a packet successfully, retransmissions can often be avoided. In the majority of cases, multi-link forwarding is thus more efficient and able to save energy. In the last part of this thesis, we present a topology and energy control algorithm (TECA) to turn off the nodes' radio transceivers completely in order to avoid idle listening. By means of TECA, a connected backbone of active nodes is established, while all other nodes may sleep and save energy by turning off their radios. All algorithms presented in this thesis have been fully analyzed, simulated, and implemented on the ESB platform. They are suitable for several applications scenarios and can easily be adapted even to other wireless sensor platforms.
Emerging drugs for urothelial carcinoma

Introduction: Advanced urothelial carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis. In the metastatic setting, the response rate to first-line, cisplatin-containing chemotherapy is high, but survival is poor. Second-line treatment options are limited. Advanced age at diagnosis and the presence of comorbidities often preclude treatment with cisplatin-containing regimens. Areas covered: This review addresses the current therapy of urothelial carcinoma, the unmet needs in treatment and the status of drug development in this disease. The molecular targets identified and efforts to incorporate targeted agents into therapy will be addressed. Expert opinion: There have been no major advances in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma in three decades. Despite high response rates in the first-line setting, survival is limited. Major impediments to improved outcomes include poor durability of response to first-line chemotherapy and lack of second-line treatments. Better understanding in tumor biology has identified multiple targets in urothelial carcinoma; however, such discoveries have yet to lead to the incorporation of targeted agents into the routine treatment of urothelial carcinoma. Multiple ongoing clinical trials are investigating the use of targeted agents in urothelial carcinoma. Continued efforts are underway to better understand the molecular drivers of disease and such efforts are likely to identify additional therapeutic targets.
The IL‐36 receptor pathway regulates Aspergillus fumigatus‐induced Th1 and Th17 responses

IL‐1 drives Th responses, particularly Th17, in host defense. Sharing the same co‐receptor, the IL‐1 family member IL‐36 exhibits properties similar to those of IL‐1. In the present study, we investigated the role of IL‐36 in Aspergillus fumigatus‐induced human Th responses. We observed that different morphological forms of A. fumigatus variably increase steady‐state mRNA of IL‐36 subfamily members. IL‐36α is not significantly induced by any morphological form of Aspergillus. Most strikingly, IL‐36γ is significantly induced by live A. fumigatus conidia and heat‐killed hyphae, whereas IL‐36Ra (IL‐36 receptor antagonist) is significantly induced by heat‐killed conidia, hyphae, and live conidia. We also observed that IL‐36γ expression is dependent on the dectin‐1/Syk and TLR4 signaling pathway. In contrast, TLR2 and CR3 inhibit IL‐36γ expression. The biological relevance of IL‐36 induction by Aspergillus is demonstrated by experiments showing that inhibition of the IL‐36 receptor by IL‐36Ra reduces Aspergillus‐induced IL‐17 and IFN‐γ. These data describe that IL‐36‐dependent signals are a novel cytokine pathway that regulates Th responses induced by A. fumigatus, and demonstrate a role for TLR4 and dectin‐1 in the induction of IL‐36γ.
Glia and Methylmercury Neurotoxicity

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global environmental pollutant with significant adverse effects on human health. As the major target of MeHg, the central nervous system (CNS) exhibits the most recognizable poisoning symptoms. The role of the two major nonneuronal cell types, astrocytes and microglia, in response to MeHg exposure was recently compared. These two cell types share several common features in MeHg toxicity, but interestingly, these cells types also exhibit distinct response kinetics, indicating a cell-specific role in mediating MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to review the most recent literature and summarize key features of glial responses to this organometal.
Examining the Relationship Between Affect and Implicit Associations: Implications for Risk Perception

It has been suggested that affect may play an important role in risk perception. Slovic et al. argued that people make use of the “affect heuristic” when assessing risks because it is easier and more efficient to rely on spontaneous affective reactions than to analyze all available information. In the present studies, a single category implicit association test (SC‐IAT) to measure associations evoked by different hazards was employed. In the first study, we tested the extent to which the SC‐IAT corresponds to the theoretical construct of affect in a risk framework. Specifically, we found that the SC‐IAT correlates with other explicit measures that claim to measure affect, as well as with a measure of trust, but not with a measure that captures a different construct (subjective knowledge). In the second study, we addressed the question of whether hazards that vary along the dread dimension of the psychometric paradigm also differ in the affect they evoke. The results of the SC‐IAT indicated that a high‐dread hazard (nuclear power) elicits negative associations. Moreover, the high‐dread hazard evoked more negative associations than a medium‐dread hazard (hydroelectric power). In contrast, a nondread hazard (home appliances) led to positive associations. The results of our study highlight the importance of affect in shaping attitudes and opinions toward risks. The results further suggest that implicit measures may provide valuable insight into people's risk perception above and beyond explicit measures.
Free Food Choice after Acute Exercise in Men

A buffet-type meal was presented to 28 young men after participation in various athletic activities and to 30 subjects kept inactive. At 30 min after 2h of exercise, total energy intake was about 25% greater than after the rest situation. The food choices after exercise yielded an energy intake from proteins that was significantly larger than after rest, but not of carbohydrate or fat.
Handedness and Footedness: Relations to Differences in Sprinting Speed and Multiple Sprints Performance in Prepubertal Boys

Physical performance and movement skills are differentiated by brain hemispheric dominance. Relations of handedness and footedness to differences in sprint speed and multiple sprints performances were investigated in 362 prepubertal, male, novice wrestlers. Participants with two months of irregular training experience were grouped by hand and foot preferences and matched on age and anthropometry. Mean running speed was associated with the number of sprints and handedness, but not with footedness. The decrease in sprint speed was less for right-handed subjects, who also had better sprinting speed and multiple sprint performance. Symmetrical arm and leg strength development for left-handers should be emphasized.
EVIDENCE FOR SIGNIFICANT SUBTERRANEAN STORAGE AT TWO HUNTER-GATHERER SITES: THE PRESENCE OF A MAST-BASED ECONOMY IN THE LATE ARCHAIC COASTAL AMERICAN SOUTHEAST

Excavations at two Late Archaic shell rings on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, revealed evidence of significant amounts of subterranean storage. Based on botanical evidence, ethonographic analogies, and interpretations of other Late Archaic sites, hickory nuts and acorns are the most likely resource being stored, and quantifying the capacity found at each ring highlights the prevalence and importance of mast storage. These findings are important because large-scale storage has rarely been proposed for Late Archaic coastal peoples and, therefore, its impact as a potential factor for social changes enacted during this time period, including increasing sedentism, formalization of intragroup relations, and regionalization of cultural identities, has yet to be explored. Excavaciones en dos anillos de concha correspondientes al Arcaico Tardío de la isla de St. Catherines, Georgia, obtuvieron significativas evidencias de almacenaje subterráneo. Con base en evidencia botánica, analogías etnográficas e interpretaciones de otros sitios del Arcaico Tardío, es probable que las nueces de nogal y las bellotas fueran los recursos almacenados. Cuantificando la capacidad registrada en cada anillo, se destaca la prevalencia e importancia del almacenamiento de bellotas. Estos hallazgos son importantes pues el almacenamiento a larga escala raramente ha sido propuesto para los pueblos costeros del Arcaico Tardío. Por lo tanto, aún no se ha explorado su impacto como factor potencial para cambios sociales promulgados durante este período, incluyendo el incremento del sedentarismo, la formulación de relaciones intragrupo y la regionalización de identidades culturales.
Home Range and Body Weight-- A Reevaluation

Area of home range (H) can be related empirically to body weight (W) by the formulation H = a Wk. The computed values of exponent k have generated controversy concerning potential differences between trophic groups and whether they differ from 0.75 (the value expected if area of home range is a function of basal metabolic rate). When large mammals are considered, the empirical relationship assumes the form H = . 002W1 02 for herbivores, H = . 059W.92 for omnivores, and H = . 11W136 for carnivores. By treating the animal's energetic requirements and the productivity of its habitat explicitly, empirical values of k > 0.75 are shown to result from declining rates of production of utilizable energy per unit area of habitat with increasing body weight. While trophic status and weight modify the utilizable proportion of energy in the habitat, broad correlations also exist between size of home range and surrogate variables for productivity (precipitation and latitude). Differences in weight alone account for a large portion of the differences between male and female or subadult and adult home ranges. Behavioral phenomena need not be invoked. Differences between herbivores and carnivores are in the direction suggested for birds and mammals. Criticisms regarding inter-class and inter-trophic comparisons appear resolved.
Active surveillance for scrapie in New Zealand: towards lymphoid tissue-based testing

The guidelines of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) recommend that active surveillance for scrapie in sheep be based on a sequential testing strategy (Anonymous 2009). The likelihood of detection of the presence of the scrapie prion (PrP) is maximised by using a sensitive screening test, with the disease being confirmed in those animals testing positive by applying a highly specific confirmatory test, which is designed to exclude the possibility that the initial positive outcome is false. The initial screening is typically performed using commercial rapid tests detecting PrP (Gavier-Widén et al. 2005). In addition to high sensitivity, requirements of screening tests are that they are cost-effective, reproducible, return a rapid diagnosis and have a high sample throughput. In this issue of the New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Kittelberger et al. (2014) report on the evaluation of two commercial rapid screening tests for scrapie using medial retropharyngeal lymph node (MRLN) tissue, rather than brain tissue. One of the two rapid tests shows high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Characterization and Treatment Response of Anxious Children with Asthma

Objectives: To compare children with Axis I anxiety disorders and asthma with a matched group of anxious children without asthma on questionnaire measures and response to cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) for anxiety. Method: A sample of 36 children with comorbid anxiety and asthma, aged 8 to 12 years, were matched for age, sex, and specific anxiety disorder with 36 children with an Axis I anxiety disorder but no asthma. Parents and children completed standardized questionnaires. Results: Children with comorbid anxiety and asthma had significantly more perinatal complications (P = 0.001), and higher total (P = 0.000) and psychological stressors (P = 0.02), especially parent–child problems (P = 0.01), but lower levels of depression (P = 0.03) and anxiety (P = 0.05), compared with anxious, nonasthmatic children. All children reported decreased anxiety (P = 0.001) and depression (P = 0.000) posttreatment, with a trend toward less improvement in anxiety in anxious children with asthma. Conclusions: Although replication is needed, addressing psychosocial stress and parent–child problems may increase CBT efficacy in children with comorbid anxiety and asthma.
Maternal And Perinatal Outcomes In Placenta Previa

Background: detection of the Sociodemographic pattern and maternal, perinatal outcomes of pregnant mothers with placenta previa. Setting: This prospective research done at government General Hospital (Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital), Misan, Iraq during the period of October 2016 to April 2017. Patients & methods: all Women who complaint of painless vaginal bleeding or those diagnosed as having placenta previa on routine ultrasound examination after 28 weeks of gestational age were included in this research and were evaluated with demographic profile, comprehensive maternal history, clinical examination, laboratory investigation, type of placenta previa on ultrasound examination, impact of previous mode of delivery and present mode of delivery, maternal and perinatal complications, the incidence of primary postpartum hemorrhage and the need for transfusion of blood were noted. Results: Incidence of Placenta previa was 0.6% (40/6512). Mean age of presentation was 31yrs. Multigravida (90%), (82.5%) presented between 28-36+6 weeks gestational age and (17.5%) presented between 37 - 42 weeks, Antepartum hemorrhage (62.5%), malpresentation (20%), women with previous history of surgical intervention (55%), (25%) with previous cesarean delivery, (12.5%) with dilatation and Curettage for abortion, and (17.5%) with both. (22.2%) had Postpartum hemorrhage, (42.5%) needed blood transfusion, (2.5%) abdominal hysterectomy was done, Neonatal intensive care unit admission (30.5%) because of (jaundice, preterm baby, dyspnea and cyanosis, hydrops Fetalis), maternal mortality was nil and neonatal mortality was (5.5%). Conclusion: The presence of placenta previa carries a great danger to the mother & her baby with a high risk of adverse maternal & perinatal outcomes if not treated in the proper time .
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: fascinating dynamics of the dendritic cell–macrophage lineage

Summary: In its rare occurrence, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a dangerous but intriguing deviation of mononuclear phagocytes, especially dendritic cells (DCs). Clinically, the disease ranges from self‐resolving or well manageable to severe and even fatal. LCH lesions in skin, bone, and other sites contain high numbers of cells with phenotypic features resembling LCs admixed with macrophages, T cells, eosinophils, and multinucleated giant cells. Here we review current progress in the LCH field based on two central questions: (i) are LCH cells intrinsically aberrant, and (ii) how does the lesion drive pathogenesis? We argue that LCH cells may originate from different sources, including epidermal LCs, tissue Langerin+ DCs, or mononuclear phagocyte precursors. Current and prospective in vitro and in vivo models are discussed. Finally, we discuss recent insights into plasticity of T‐helper cell subsets in light of the lesion microenvironment. LCH continues to provide urgent clinical questions thereby inspiring innovative DC lineage research.
Standing radiographs underestimate joint widthComparison before and after resection of the joint in 34 total knee arthroplasties

Background Measurement or estimation of joint width is routinely used in the preoperative evaluation of gonarthrosis. To our knowledge, the validity and reproducibility of this procedure has not been adequately studied.Patients and methods We measured joint width in 34 knees (medial arthrosis: n = 22, lateral arthrosis: n = 12) on preoperative weight-bearing radiographs and on radiographs of the corresponding part of the joint after knee arthroplasty. The bone/cartilage pieces were placed in anatomical positions and loaded in a jig made of perspex. High-density film was used to obtain maximum resolution.Results In medial and lateral arthrosis, the minimum joint widths were median 0.3 and 0.2 mm smaller on the radiographs of the specimens (p = 0.05, 0.04). In lateral arthrosis the differences were more scattered (95% CI: lateral: 0.1 to −1.2 mm; medial: 0 to −0.5 mm), suggesting less precise determination.Interpretation In medial arthrosis, the degree of underestimation is usually small and acceptable. More pronounced discrepancies could be found in lateral arthrosis, calling for the use of further diagnostic measures.
Proton MR Spectroscopy for Monitoring Pathologic Changes in the Substantia Nigra and Globus Pallidus in Parkinson Disease.

OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aimed to examine the relationship between the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) to creatine in the substantia nigra (SN) and globus pallidus (GP) and the Hoehn-Yahr stage and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score determined for patients with Parkinson disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with PD who underwent proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and for whom a Hoehn-Yahr stage and a UPDRS score for PD were determined were retrospectively reviewed. Hydrogen-1-MRS was used to measure the metabolite levels in the bilateral SN and GP. RESULTS The mean (± SD) age of the patients was 67.7 (± 10.6) years. The mean UPDRS score was 40.5 ± 13.9. Fourteen patients had PD of Hoehn-Yahr stages 1-2, and 16 patients had PD of Hoehn-Yahr stages 3-5. The NC ratio (the NAA-to-creatine ratio for the initially symptomatic side or the body divided by the NAA-to-creatine ratio for the contralateral side) for the bilateral GP (BGPNC) was significantly lower in the patients with stages 1-2 PD than in the patients with stages 3-5 PD (0.68 ± 0.23 vs 0.84 ± 0.11; p = 0.023). The NAA-to-creatine ratio for the initially symptomatic side of the SN was negatively correlated with the UPDRS score (r = -0.379; p = 0.039). CONCLUSION In early PD, the changes in the GP are more pronounced on the side affected at the onset of PD, which may contribute to the development of asymmetric symptoms and signs. Hydrogen-1-MRS shows promise as a modality for evaluating PD.
Heat Flux Modulation in Domino Dynamo Model

Using the domino dynamo model, we show how specific axisymmetric and equatorial symmetric forms of the heat flux variations at the core-mantle boundary change the frequency of the geomagnetic field reversals. In fact, we are able to demonstrate the effect known from the modern 3D planetary dynamo models using an ensemble of interacting spins, which obey equations of the Langevin type with a random force. We also consider applications to the giant planets and offer explanations of some specific episodes of the geomagnetic field in the past.