Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of breastfeeding and complementary food on growth between 5 and 10 months

The aim of this study was to examine the nature of the association between breastfeeding, complementary feeding and growth in a random sample of infants from Denmark, where the prevalence of breastfeeding is high. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and a questionnaire on breastfeeding duration and on weight and length measurements taken at the infant welfare visit at 5 and 10 months were sent to 590 families with 10‐month‐old infants. A total of 339 infants with complete growth data were included in the analyses. When controlling for mid‐parental height and birth weight infants breastfed for ≥ 7 months gained 198 g less in weight (p < 0:01) and 7 mm less in length (p < 0:01) during the period from 5 to 10 months than infants breastfed for < 7 months. Controlling for these effects, the 10% of the sample with the highest protein intake (i.e. ≥16 energy percentage) gained 262g more than those with a lower protein intake (p= 0:03). Infants breastfed for ≥ 7 months received significantly less cow's milk (p < 0:01), and fewer meat‐containing dishes (p < 0:05) and sweets or cakes (p < 0:01), which may partly explain the effect of breastfeeding. The long‐term consequences of this moderate difference in growth velocity are unknown and the findings should not be used to advocate against breastfeeding during late infancy.
Was Huari a State?

Pristine state government evolved among the indigenous cultures of the central Andes, but archaeologists have not demonstrated when and where. Conceptualization of the state as an integrative mechanism for gathering and processing information and for deliberating decisions provides explicit archaeological criteria for statehood. Examination of the archaeological record reveals that Middle Horizon Huari fulfills almost all of these criteria for statehood, although many data remain to be collected before the processes of prehistoric Andean state formation will be fully understood.
Conductivity and electrical properties of corn starch–chitosan blend biopolymer electrolyte incorporated with ammonium iodide

This work focuses on the characteristics of polymer blend electrolytes based on corn starch and chitosan doped with ammonium iodide (NH4I). The electrolytes were prepared using the solution cast method. A polymer blend comprising 80 wt% starch and 20 wt% chitosan was found to be the most amorphous blend and suitable to serve as the polymer host. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis proved the interaction between starch, chitosan and NH4I. The highest room temperature conductivity of (3.04 ± 0.32) × 10−4 S cm−1 was obtained when the polymer host was doped with 40 wt% NH4I. This result was further proven by field emission scanning electron microscopy study. All electrolytes were found to obey the Arrhenius rule. Dielectric studies confirm that the electrolytes obeyed non-Debye behavior. The temperature dependence of the power law exponent s for the highest conducting sample follows the quantum mechanical tunneling model.
Design and Results of a Culturally Tailored Cancer Outreach Project by and for Micronesian Women

Background In 2005, approximately 26% of Micronesian women aged 40 or older in Hawai‘i used mammography for breast cancer screening. We describe an 18-month project to increase screening participation in this population by tailoring educational materials and using a lay educator approach. Community Context New immigrants to Hawai‘i are Marshallese from the Republic of the Marshall Islands and Chuukese, Pohnpeians, and Kosraeans from the Federated States of Micronesia. In Hawai‘i, these 4 groups refer to themselves collectively as Micronesians, although each group has its own distinct culture and language. Methods From 2006 through 2007, we applied principles of community-based participatory research —trust building, joint assessment, cultural tailoring of materials, and skills transfer —to develop and track the reach of Micronesian women lay educators in implementing a cancer awareness program among Micronesian women living in Hawai‘i. Outcome Using our tailored in-language materials, 11 lay educators (5 Chuukese, 3 Marshallese, 2 Pohnpeians, and 1 Kosraean) provided one-on-one and small group in-language cancer information sessions to 567 Micronesian women (aged 18-75 years). Among the 202 women aged 40 or older eligible for mammography screening, 166 (82%) had never had a mammogram and were assisted to screening appointments. After 6 months, 146 (88%) of the 166 had received a mammogram, increasing compliance from 18% to 90%. Lay educators reported increases in their skills and their self-esteem and want to extend their skills to other health issues, including diabetes management and immunization. Interpretation Tailoring materials and using the lay educator model successfully increased participation in breast cancer screening. This model may work in other communities that aim to reduce disparities in access to cancer screening.
Continuing professional pharmacy development needs assessment of Qatar pharmacists

Objectives Maintenance and improvement of knowledge, skills and performance for provision of contemporary patient care is at the core of continuing professional pharmacy development (CPPD). Existing CPPD models worldwide reflect different approaches to lifelong learning. Before implementing the first country‐wide CPPD programme in Qatar, pharmacists were surveyed to determine their specific continuing education (CE) needs, preferences and attitudes.
RECOGNITION AND RETRIEVAL PROCESSES IN FREE RECALL

A model of free recall is described which identifies two processes in free recall: a retrieval process by which the subject accesses the words, and a recognition process by which the subject decides whether an implicitly retrieved word is a to-be-recalled word. Submodels for the recognition process and the retrieval process are described. The recognition model assumes that during the study phase, the subject associates "list markers" to the to-be-recalled words. The establishment of such associates is postulated to be an all-or-none stochastic process. In the test phase, the subject recognizes to-be-recalled words by deciding which words have relevant list markers as associates. A signal detectability model is developed for this decision process. The retrieval model is introduced as a computer program that tags associative paths between list words. In several experiments, subjects studied and were tested on a sequence of overlapping sublists sampled from a master set of common nouns. The twoprocess model predicts that the subject's ability to retrieve the words should increase as more overlapping sublists are studied, but his ability to differentiate the words on the most recent list should deteriorate. Experiments confirmed this predicted dissociation of recognition and retrieval. Further predictions derived from the free recall model were also supported. This paper has several aims: First, we offer a critique of two popular "strength" theories, one which relates recall and recognition to the strength of one and the same memory trace, and another which relates only recognition memory to a similar strength measure; second, we develop a particular conceptualization about recognition memory which we believe satisfies the criticisms of the traditional strength theory; third, we illustrate how that recognition mechanism could be interfaced with a retrieval mechanism so as to yield a viable theory about multilist free recall. Along with reviewing published data relevant to these points, we also shall present new 1 This research was supported by Grant MH
Evidence of persistent measles virus infection in Crohn's disease

Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the microvasculature of perfusion-fixed tissues from Crohn's disease and control patients. Paramyxovirus-like particles, and inclusions consisting of condensations of nucleocapsid, in giant cells and endothelium at foci of vascular injury were identified in all 9 Crohn's disease patients. Tissues from patients with Crohn's disease were also examined by either in situ hybridisation (n = 10) or immunohistochemistry (n = 15), and compared to inflammatory and noninflammatory controls (n = 22). Hybridisation for measles virus N-protein genomic RNA was positive in all cases of Crohn's disease localising to foci of granulomatous vasculitis and lymphoid follicles. Positive immunohistochemical staining for measles virus nucleocapsid protein was positive in 13 of 15 patients with Crohn's disease, localising to foci of granulomatous inflammation. Hybridisation for measles virus RNA was positive in a minority of control intestinal tissues; viral inclusions were not seen ultrastructurally. Immunostaining was negative in control cases of intestinal tuberculosis. These observations suggest that measles virus is capable of causing persistent infection of the intestine and that Crohn's disease may be caused by a granulomatous vasculitis in response to this virus.
A theoretical study of taper characteristics to optimize performance.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the training factors that could affect taper efficiency. The analysis was done using simulations from a nonlinear model of the training effects on performance giving an individual optimal daily training (ODT). METHODS Training responses were simulated using data from six subjects obtained in a previous training experiment (15-wk program including 3 wk without training). Assuming first a steady state with training equal to ODT, the taper was simulated with various step training reductions up to 100% of previous training. Overload period (OT) was then featured by a 20% step increase in training during 28 d before the taper. Finally, a taper with step reduction was compared with progressive reduction. RESULTS The taper allowed performance gains if training was higher than a minimal level. The best performance without OT preceding the taper was reached with a load reduction of 30.8 +/- 11.8% and a duration of 19.3 +/- 2.3 d. The best performance with OT preceding the taper was significantly higher than without OT (P < 0.02) and was obtained with a significantly greater load reduction and duration, 39.3 +/- 9.9% and 28.0 +/- 5.1 d respectively. The best performance with a progressive load reduction was significantly higher than with a step reduction only with OT before the taper (102.2 +/- 1.7 vs 101.8 +/- 1.5% of performance with ODT, P < 0.005). CONCLUSION Greater training volume and/or intensity before the taper would allow higher performance gains, but would demand a greater reduction of the training load over a longer period. The results also pointed out the importance of training adaptations during the taper, in addition to fatigue dissipation.
TOTAL HEMOLYTIC COMPLEMENT (CH50) AND SECOND COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT (C2 HU) ACTIVITY IN SERUM AND SYNOVIAL FLUID.

The presence of the second component of human complement in synovial fluid was demonstrated by a stoichiometric titration using EAC′lagp4gp cells; fourth component and a moiety of third component were identified by immunoelectrophoresis using specific antiserum. The concentration of total hemolytic complement, C′2, and C′4 was strikingly diminished in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to their concentration in synovial fluid from patients with traumatic, degenerative or gouty effusions. These findings suggest that reduction in total complement activity was due to activation of C′1 with subsequent utilization of its substrates, C′2 and C′4.
Performance Comparison of Statistical Process Control Methods to Monitor Grouped Data and Rare Events in Healthcare Applications

ii Acknowledgements . iii List of Figures . vii List of Tables . ix Introduction . 1 Why Health Care and IE? 1 Why SPC Methods? 3 History of SPC and Previous Applications in Health Care . 4 Brief Description of the Thesis . 7 Chapter 1. Applications of SPC to Neonatology Quality Improvement . 9 1. Background . 9 2. Methodology . 10 3. Results . 12 3.1. p chart for infection rate . 12 3.2. g chart for the number between infections . 13 3.3. X� and S control charts for temperature . 13 3.4. XMR, EWMA and CUSUM charts for temperature . 14 3.5. The relationship between temperature and infection variables . 15 3.6. p chart for T* . 16 3.7. Relative performances of the charts . 17 4. Discussion . 17 Chapter 2. Relative Performance of Shewhart and EWMA p and g Statistical Control Charts for Monitoring Adverse Healthcare Event Rates . 19 1. Background . 19 2. Methodology . 20
De novo DNA methylation at the CpG island of the zebrafish no tail gene

The zebrafish no tail gene (ntl) is indispensable for the formation of the notochord and the tail structure. Here we showed that de novo DNA methylation occurred at the CpG island of ntl. The methylation started at the segmentation stage and continued after the larval stage. However, it occurred predominantly between 14 and 48 h postfertilization, which overlaps the period in which ntl expression disappears in the notochord and the tailbud. This inverse correlation, together with the methylation‐associated formation of an inaccessible chromatin structure at the ntl CpG island region, suggested the involvement of the de novo methylation in ntl repression. Since no changes in methylation patterns were observed at the CpG islands of four other zebrafish genes, there must be a mechanism in zebrafish for specific methylation of the ntl CpG island. genesis 37:195–202, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of Solutions of Exterior Domain Problems for the Porous Media Equation with Radial Symmetry

The paper concerns the radially symmetric Cauchy–Dirichlet and Cauchy–Neumann problems for the porous media equation in the domain comprising the spatial variable and the temporal variable $t$ in the exterior of the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and the bounded interval $(0,T)$, respectively. The subject of study is the behavior of solutions when the initial data are compactly supported and the boundary data become unbounded as $t\uparrow T$. Necessary and sufficient conditions for localization, estimates of the size of the blow-up set, and a number of allied results are obtained.
Linomide reduces the rate of active lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

The synthetic immunomodulator Linomide, a quinoline-3-carboxamide, has a profound inhibitory influence in several experimental autoimmune diseases, including acute and chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. In a double-blind trial, 31 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were randomized to oral doses of 2.5 mg Linomide or placebo once a day for six months. Fourteen patients receiving Linomide and 14 receiving placebo completed the trial, and the results were based on this population. The mean number of active (new and enlarged T2 weighted) lesions per monthly MRI scan was 1.37 in the patients receiving Linomide and 4.22 in the patients receiving placebo (p = 0.043). The percentage of scans with active MRI lesions was lower in the Linomide-treated group (p = 0.0064). When neurologic deficit was assessed by the Regional Functional Scoring System (RFSS), the Linomide group showed an improvement of 1% of the maximal RFSS range and the placebo group a deterioration of 0.2% (p = 0.14). There were three patients with relapses in the Linomide-treated group and six in the placebo group (p = 0.22). A slightly decreased proportion of natural killer cells in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood was noted in the Linomide group. A severe adverse event of pleuropericarditis occurred in one of the Linomide-treated patients. The most frequent adverse event was musculoskeletal pain, of mild to severe degree, which tended to diminish after three months on Linomide therapy. NEUROLOGY 1996;47: 895-900
TPX2 and AURKA promote 20q amplicon-driven colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression

Background and objective Progression of a colorectal adenoma to invasive cancer occurs in a minority of adenomas and is the most crucial step in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. In the majority of cases, this is associated with gain of a substantial part of chromosome 20q, indicating that multiple genes on the 20q amplicon may drive carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify genes located on the 20q amplicon that promote progression of colorectal adenoma to carcinoma. Design Functional assays were performed for 32 candidate driver genes for which a positive correlation between 20q DNA copy number and mRNA expression had been demonstrated. Effects of gene knockdown on cell viability, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion were analysed in colorectal cancer cell lines with 20q gain. Colorectal tumour protein expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. Results TPX2, AURKA, CSE1L, DIDO1, HM13, TCFL5, SLC17A9, RBM39 and PRPF6 affected cell viability and/or anchorage-independent growth. Chromosome 20q DNA copy number status correlated significantly with TPX2 and AURKA protein levels in a series of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Moreover, downmodulation of TPX2 and AURKA was shown to inhibit invasion. Conclusion These data identify TPX2 (20q11) and AURKA (20q13.2) as two genes located on distinct regions of chromosome 20q that promote 20q amplicon-driven progression of colorectal adenoma to carcinoma. Therefore the selection advantage imposed by 20q gain in tumour progression is achieved by gain-of-function of multiple cancer-related genes—knowledge that can be translated into novel tests for early diagnosis of progressive adenomas.
The Efficacy of the A-V Impulse System in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Swelling Following Ankle Fracture: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Objectives: To determine whether the use of the A-V Impulse “in-cast” system conveyed any clinical benefit in the treatment of post-traumatic swelling following ankle fracture. Design: A prospective randomised study comparing the effectiveness of the A-V Impulse “in-cast” system to that of elevation and plaster in the treatment of preoperative swelling. Setting: Clinical management in a large level 2 trauma center. Patients: Sixty-four adult patients were recruited to the study who had sustained closed unilateral ankle fractures requiring internal fixation, but for whom immediate surgery was not possible. Intervention: All fractured ankles were treated with initial application of a plaster back-slab splint. Patients were randomized to either a control group of limb elevation or to a study group in whom an A-V Impulse bladder was fitted under the arch of the foot within the plaster back-slab and intermittent pneumatic pedal compression provided until surgery. Main Outcome Measurements: Daily circumferential ankle girth measurements were performed. The time taken for swelling to resolve sufficiently to permit surgery, the development of skin complications, and the duration of hospitalisation were recorded. Results: Ten patients were withdrawn from the study. Twenty-seven patients in each group were followed up until discharge from outpatient care. Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in time taken for ankle swelling to settle prior to surgery (P = 0.01) in the study group, together with a reduction in wound and skin complications (P < 0.01) and final preoperative ankle swelling (P = 0.03). Conclusion: The A-V Impulse “in-cast” system demonstrated significant benefit in the management of adults with isolated ankle fractures who could not undergo immediate open reduction and internal fixation.
Dimensions of trust in scholarly communication: Problematizing peer review in the aftermath of John Bohannon's “Sting” in science

This study investigates online material published in reaction to a Science Magazine report showing the absence of peer‐review and editorial processes in a set of fee‐charging open access journals in biology. Quantitative and qualitative textual analyses are combined to map conceptual relations in these reactions, and to explore how understandings of scholarly communication and publishing relate to specific conceptualizations of science and of the hedging of scientific knowledge. A discussion of the connection of trust and scientific knowledge and of the role of peer review for establishing and communicating this connection provides for the theoretical and topical framing. Special attention is paid to the pervasiveness of digital technologies in formal scholarly communication processes. Three dimensions of trust are traced in the material analyzed: (a) trust through personal experience and informal knowledge, (b) trust through organized, internal control, (c) trust through form. The article concludes by discussing how certain understandings of the conditions for trust in science are challenged by perceptions of possibilities for deceit in digital environments.
Differential neuropathological alterations in transgenic mice expressing α‐synuclein from the platelet‐derived growth factor and Thy‐1 promoters

Accumulation of α‐synuclein has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy. We previously showed that expression of wild‐type human α‐synuclein in transgenic mice results in motor and dopaminergic deficits associated with inclusion formation. To determine whether different levels of human α‐synuclein expression from distinct promoters might result in neuropathology mimicking other synucleopathies, we compared patterns of human α‐synuclein accumulation in the brains of transgenic mice expressing this molecule from the murine Thy‐1 and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) promoters. In murine Thy‐1‐human α‐synuclein transgenic mice, this protein accumulated in synapses and neurons throughout the brain, including the thalamus, basal ganglia, substantia nigra, and brainstem. Expression of human α‐synuclein from the PDGF promoter resulted in accumulation in synapses of the neocortex, limbic system, and olfactory regions as well as formation of inclusion bodies in neurons in deeper layers of the neocortex. Furthermore, one of the intermediate expresser lines (line M) displayed human α‐synuclein expression in glial cells mimicking some features of multiple system atrophy. These results show a more widespread accumulation of human α‐synuclein in transgenic mouse brains. Taken together, these studies support the contention that human α‐synuclein expression in transgenic mice might mimic some neuropathological alterations observed in Lewy body disease and other synucleopathies, such as multiple system atrophy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability and Trend-Based Generalized Rule Induction Model to NTL Detection in Power Companies

This paper proposes a comprehensive framework to detect non-technical losses (NTLs) and recover electrical energy (lost by abnormalities or fraud) by means of a data mining analysis, in the Spanish Power Electric Industry. It is divided into four section: data selection, data preprocessing, descriptive, and predictive data mining. The authors insist on the importance of the knowledge of the particular characteristics of the Power Company customer: the main features available in databases are described. The paper presents two innovative statistical estimators to attach importance to variability and trend analysis of electric consumption and offers a predictive model, based on the Generalized Rule Induction (GRI) model. This predictive analysis discovers association rules in the data and it is supplemented by a binary Quest tree classification method. The quality of this framework is illustrated by a case study considering a real database, supplied by Endesa Company.