Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La consommation des produits laitiers à Ngaoundéré au Cameroun : l’émergence des MPE (micro et petites entreprises)

Depuis quelques annees, les populations de la ville de Ngaoundere a l'instar de celles d'autres villes camerounaises ont integre dans leurs habitudes alimentaires des produits laitiers fermentes des micro et petites entreprises (MPE) locales. Les observations faites sur le terrain par Agro-PME, le Cirad-Amis, et l'universite de Yaounde I (2000) mettent en evidence la presence sur les marches de cette ville d'une gamme variee de produits laitiers fermentes d'origines diverses: industrielle, artisanale ou fabriques par les MPE. Pour s'adapter a la demande, les MPE s'emploient a moderniser la nature de leurs produits de meme que la technologie de mise en forme (emballage, mode de fabrication, reseau de distribution.). Cela contribue a faire de ces produits laitiers non plus l'apanage alimentaire des autochtones, mais egalement des populations non-originaires du Nord-Cameroun. La presente communication se propose d'expliquer, premierement, pourquoi les produits laitiers fermentes des MPE s'adaptent bien sur les marches de Ngaoundere, et deuxiemement, comment et pourquoi les populations "nordistes" et "non-nordistes" integrent les nouveaux produits dans leurs repertoires alimentaires. (Resume d'auteur)
Stent migration to the ileum—A potentially lethal complication after montgomery salivary bypass tube placement for hypopharyngeal stenosis after laryngectomy

Montgomery salivary bypass tubes (MSBTs) have been used for decades in the treatment of stenoses and fistulae of the hypopharynx and the cervical esophagus. Generally, MSBT use is not associated with serious complications. Only a small number of cases with severe MSBT‐associated complications have been reported in the literature.
Major malformations in Infants of IDDM Women: Vasculopathy and Early First-Trimester Poor Glycemic Control

From animal and in vitro studies, it has been suggested that high environmental glucose, ketone, or insulin concentrations and low glucose or insulin concentrations may be etiologic factors for congenital malformations (CMs) in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). Transplacental passage of antibody-bound insulin has been demonstrated in humans. Controversy exists regarding the pathophysiology of CMs in human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) pregnancies. We hypothesized that CMs in IDMs are associated with maternal vasculopathy, poor first-trimester glycemic control (i.e., hyper- and/or hypoglycemia), advanced White class, and high insulin requirements. We studied 165 first pregnancies of women with IDDM from 1978 to 1986. The goals of glucose control were a fasting blood glucose of <100 mg/dl and a 90-min postprandial blood glucose of <140 mg/dl. Insulin requirements, body weight, and pre- and postprandial blood glucose were recorded at weekly clinic visits. Maternal blood HbA1 was measured on entry and every 4 wk to confirm that adequate glycemic control was achieved. Women who enrolled in the project were interviewed during gestation by a geneticist/dysmorphologist who obtained genetic and environmental histories using a standard questionnaire. All live-born infants and stillbirths were examined. Each live-born infant was assessed systematically by two independent examiners, a neonatologist and a geneticist/dysmorphologist; examination with standardized checklists was performed in the newborn nursery as soon after birth as was practical. In first pregnancies in the study, there were 13 IDMs with major CMs (7.9%). By both univariate and multivariate analyses, the following two factors were significantly associated with major CMs: preexisting vasculopathy (retinopathy and/or nephropathy; 54 vs. 25% in the CM and non-CM groups, respectively; P < .05) and increased maternal HbA, at 9 wk gestation (P < .001). CMs were not associated with White class, insulin requirements, and frequency of maternal hypoglycemia as assessed clinically. There was no significant interaction between maternal HbA, and the presence of vasculopathy. We conclude that maternal vasculopathy and poor glycemic control during embryogenesis, but not frequency of maternal clinical hypoglycemia or insulin therapy per se are independent factors associated with major CMs in IDMs. We suggest, based on these data, that in addition to establishment of meticulous glycemic control, IDDM women be assessed for vasculopathy before pregnancy and given appropriate counseling regarding risk of CMs.
Planning and implementing an undergraduate medical curriculum: the lessons learned

In 1995 Dundee medical school introduced an integrated, systems-based spiral curriculum with a number of innovative features. The medical school has now had eight years’ experience of the curriculum. This paper describes the changes that have taken place in the curriculum over the eight years. Evidence from internal and external reviews and student examination data are used to identify the lessons learned from implementing the curriculum. The Dundee experience, the approaches to the curriculum described and the conclusions reached are relevant to all with an interest in medical education.
Gradient correction in Thomas-Fermi theory.

A new derivation of the Weizsacker-type gradient corrections to Thomas-Fermi (TF) kinetic energy functional is presented. The development is based on the first-order reduced density matrix as obtained from the one-body Green's function in the mean-path approximation devised for the purpose, using the Feynman path-integral approach; the mean-path approximation turns out to be essentially equivalent to the eikonal approximation used in quantum collision theory for high-energy collisions. This derivation agrees with the conventional gradient expansion truncated at second order, in that it gives the kinetic energy functional of the TF-(1/9)W model, that is, the sum of the original TF kinetic energy and (1/9) of the Weizsacker gradient correction. However, in the present derivation, TF-(1/9)W results from a reduced density matrix of closed form; the original TF local relation between particle, density, and one-body potential is preserved; and the kinetic energy density contains a Laplacian of particle density with a factor half of that from the gradient expansion. Most significantly, the TF-(1/9)W kinetic energy functional is the consequence of representing both the diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the density matrix correctly to zero order through the mean-path approximation to the one-body Green's function, whereas in the conventional TF approximation, the zero order of the gradient expansion, off-diagonal elements are not correct to the same order. Other results of the present approach include a nonlocal exchange energy functional of density, a one-body effective potential that contains a contribution from the kinetic energy functional derivative, and the construction of closed-form density matrices that give various kinetic energy functionals of TF-\ensuremath{\lambda}W form (justifying various existing empirical \ensuremath{\lambda} values). Also presented are the results of numerical calculation for rare-gas atoms of TFD-\ensuremath{\lambda}W models (TFD denotes Thomas-Fermi-Dirac) with \ensuremath{\lambda}=(1/3), 0.186, (1/6), and (1/9). AE
Model-Driven System Development for Distributed Fuel Management in Avionics

impact of architectural choices and increase confidence through early verification/validation of the model assumptions. This design methodology is well suitable for a European project (SmartFuel) that proposes a distributed control strategy for aircraft fuel systems. During the first SmartFuel phase, the verification and validation of the aforementioned avionics system was successfully carried out through prototype-based simulations. The future second project phase develops models and tools to analyze, synthesize, and preverify/prevalidate the avionics system architecture at early development stages. This paper addresses the latter project phase by focusing on the prediction of system quality characteristics and the automatic code generation for the system components. It presentsasoftwaredevelopmentframeworktodealwiththeavionicssystemspecificationsbymeansofarchitectural representationsthatfacilitatetheearlyevaluationofthesystem.Theproposedmodelingmethodologyisevaluatedin simulations and prototypes, and it is compared with the results obtained from the first project phase. The experimental outcomes from two case studies (helicopter and airplane fuel systems) are also presented.
The literary impact of The golden bough

Frazer, with Freud, Marx, and Jung, is one of the thinkers who have had a deep and pervasive influence on modern literature. One of the great nineteenth-century syntheses, "The Golden Bough" was the culmination of a century of investigations into myth and ritual. John Vickery locates "The Golden Bough" in the context of its age and shows how, by gathering up many strands of nineteenth-century thought, it embodied the dominant intellectual tradition shaping the modern spirit.The author's intimate acquaintance with an extraordinary range of modern literature enables him to demonstrate the variety of strategies that poets and novelists have used to assimilate "The Golden Bough" in their individual attitudes and preoccupations. The remaining chapters of the book are devoted to extended discussions of the intellectual, thematic, and format impact of "The Golden Bough" on Yeats, Eliot, Lawrence, and Joyce.Originally published in 1973.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
A chemical model for the inner-ring deiodination of thyroxine by iodothyronine deiodinase.

The I of the beholder: The presented chemical model for the inner-ring deiodination of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) by iodothyronine deiodinase (see scheme) highlights the importance of an in-built thiol group in proximity to the selenium atom. The effective removal of iodine in the case of T4 indicates that an enol-keto tautomerism is not required for deiodination.
Unusual effect of fenfluramine.

stopping it, but some months later developed identical chorea again, without having restarted the use of the preparation. When examined it was clear that she was in the early stages of pregnancy. Sydenham's chorea is uncommon in young adults these days, and when it does appear in otherwise healthy young women most careful inquiry should be made to determine if they have been taking one of the progestogenoestrogen preparations, for, as these may be prescribed for purposes other than contraceptive, the women may not themselves consider that they are on the pill. -I am, etc.,
Clinical Use of Antithrombin HI Concentrates

Abstract. The biochemical and biological properties of antithrombin III (AT III) and the clinical consequenes of a deficiency of this inhibitor are described. Therapy with concentrates of purified AT III has been carried out for about 10 years and the present experience is reviewed. In a relatively small number of patients with congenital AT III deficiency it is necessary, under certain condition to substitute AT III. A considerably more frequent use of AT III concentrates has been made in acquired AT III deficiency, especially in shock and diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC). This therapy was shown to be promising since the duration of DIC could be considerably shortened and the frequency of fatal events could be significantly diminished. No undesirable side effects of substitution with virus‐sterilized AT III concentrates have been hitherto observed.
The Ecological and Economic Potential of Carbon Sequestration in Forests: Examples from South America

Abstract Costs of reforestation projects determine their competitiveness with alternative measures to mitigate rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We quantify carbon sequestration in above-ground biomass and soils of plantation forests and secondary forests in two countries in South America—Ecuador and Argentina—and calculate costs of temporary carbon sequestration. Costs per temporary certified emission reduction unit vary between 0.1 and 2.7 USD Mg−1 CO2 and mainly depend on opportunity costs, site suitability, discount rates, and certification costs. In Ecuador, secondary forests are a feasible and cost-efficient alternative, whereas in Argentina reforestation on highly suitable land is relatively cheap. Our results can be used to design cost-effective sink projects and to negotiate fair carbon prices for landowners.
3D morphometry of red blood cells by digital holography

Three dimensional (3D) morphometric analysis of flowing and not‐adherent cells is an important aspect for diagnostic purposes. However, diagnostics tools need to be quantitative, label‐free and, as much as possible, accurate. Recently, a simple holographic approach, based on shape from silhouette algorithm, has been demonstrated for accurate calculation of cells biovolume and displaying their 3D shapes. Such approach has been adopted in combination with holographic optical tweezers and successfully applied to cells with convex shape. Nevertheless, unfortunately, the method fails in case of specimen with concave surfaces. Here, we propose an effective approach to achieve correct 3D shape measurement that can be extended in case of cells having concave surfaces, thus overcoming the limit of the previous technique. We prove the new procedure for healthy red blood cells (RBCs) (i.e., discocytes) having a concave surface in their central region. Comparative analysis of experimental results with a theoretical 3D geometrical model of RBC is discussed in order to evaluate accuracy of the proposed approach. Finally, we show that the method can be also useful to classify, in terms of morphology, different varieties of RBCs. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Does high serum progesterone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration affect pregnancy rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer?

This paper was printed in Gynecological Endocrinology, volume 24 (issue 7, 2008, pp. 368–372). The publishers were notified that the name of the second author was missed at the author correction stage by the authors when this article was first published online and in print publication. The authors of this paper should have been listed as: Foad Azem, Guy Tal, Joseph B. Lessing, Mira Malcov, Dalit Ben-Yosef, Beni Almog, & Ami Amit. We would like to apologise for this publication error on behalf of the Authors. Gynecological Endocrinology, May 2009; 25(5): 350
Global Existence of Strong Solution for Equations Related to the Incompressible Viscoelastic Fluids in the Critical Lp Framework

We investigate the global strong solutions for a system of equations related to the incompressible viscoelastic fluids of Oldroyd--B type with the initial data close to a stable equilibrium. We obtain the existence and uniqueness of the global solution in a functional setting invariant by the scaling of the associated equations, where the initial velocity has the same critical regularity index as the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations, and one more derivative is needed for the deformation tensor. Like the classical incompressible Navier--Stokes equations, one may construct the unique global solution for a class of large highly oscillating initial velocity. Our result also implies that the deformation tensor $F$ has the same regularity as the density of the compressible Navier--Stokes equations.
Relationships between Plasmodium falciparum transmission by vector populations and the incidence of severe disease at nine sites on the Kenyan coast.

The transmission of Plasmodium falciparum was studied in relation to the incidence of severe malaria infections at nine sites in the Kilifi District in Kenya. Intensive mosquito sampling during a one-year period yielded Anopheles gambiae s. l. , An. funestus, An. coustani, An. squamosus, An. nili, and An. pharoensis. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the predominant vector, comprising 98.4% of the total anophelines collected. Overall, 3.5% of 2,868 An. gambiae s.l. collected indoors and 0.8% of 261 collected outdoors contained P. falciparum sporozoites. Transmission was detected during 10 months, with peak periods from June to August and December to January. In eight of the nine sites, entomologic inoculation rates (EIRs) averaged only four infective bites per year (range 0-18); an annual EIR of 60 was measured for the site with the highest intensity of transmission. The incidence of severe malaria infections, ranging from 8.6 to 38.1 per 1,000 children (0-4 years), was not associated with EIRs. At these sites on the coast of Kenya, a high incidence of severe disease occurs under conditions of very low levels of transmission by vector populations. With respect to conventional approaches for vector control in Africa, decreases in transmission, even to levels barely detectable by standard approaches, may not yield corresponding long-term reductions in the incidence of severe disease.
Early pregnancy Intent to treat analysis of in vitro fertilization and preimplantation genetic screening versus expectant management in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss

study question: In an intent to treat analysis, are clinical outcomes improved in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) patients undergoing IVF and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) compared with patients who are expectantly managed (EM)? summaryanswer: Among all attempts at PGS or EM among RPL patients, clinical outcomes including pregnancy rate, live birth (LB) rate and clinical miscarriage (CM) rate were similar. what is known already: The standard of care for management of patients with RPL is EM. Due to the prevalence of aneuploidy in CM, PGS has been proposed as an alternate strategy for reducing CM rates and improving LB rates. study design, size, duration: Retrospective cohort study of 300 RPL patients treated between 2009 and 2014. participants/materials, setting, methods: Among two academic fertility centers, 112 RPL patients desired PGS and 188 patients chose EM. Main outcomes measured were pregnancy rate and LB perattempt and CM rate per pregnancy.One attempt was defined as an IVF cycle followed by a fresh embryo transfer or a frozen embryo transfer (PGS group) and 6 months trying to conceive (EM group). main results and the role of chance: In the IVF group, 168 retrievals were performed and 38 cycles canceled their planned PGS. Cycles in which PGS was intended but cancelled had a significantly lower LB rate (15 versus 36%, P 1⁄4 0.01) and higher CM rate (50 versus 14%, P , 0.01) compared with cycles that completed PGS despite similar maternal ages. Of the 130 completed PGS cycles, 74% (n 1⁄4 96) yielded at least one euploid embryo. Clinical pregnancy rate per euploid embryo transfer was 72% and LB rate per euploid embryo transfer was 57%. Among all attempts at PGS or EM, clinical outcomes were similar. Median time to pregnancy was 6.5 months in the PGS group and 3.0 months in the EM group. limitations, reasons for caution: The largest limitation is the retrospective study design, in which patients who elected for IVF/PGS may have had different clinical prognoses than patients who elected for expectant management. In addition, the definition of one attempt at conception for PGS and EM groups was different between the groups and can introduce potential confounders. For example, it was not confirmed that patients in the EM group were trying to conceive for each month of the 6-month period. wider implications of the finding: Success rates with PGS are limited by the high incidence of cycles that intend but cancel PGS or cycles that do not reach transfer. Counseling RPL patients on their treatment options should include not only success rates with PGS pereuploid embryo transferred, but also LB rate per initiated PGS cycle. Furthermore, patients who express an urgency to conceive should be counseled that PGS may not accelerate time to conception. study funding/competing interests: None. trial registration number: N/A.
Dynamic Fiscal Impact of The Debt Relief Initiatives on African Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs)

After two debt relief initiatives launched in 1996 (the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries, HIPC Initiative) and in 1999 (The enhanced HIPC initiative), the G7 decided to go further by cancelling the remaining multilateral debt for these HIPC countries through the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI, 2005). A few papers tried to assess the desired fiscal response effects of those initiatives. This paper uses an extended dataset and alternative econometric techniques in order to tackle methodological issues as endogeneity and fixed effects. We found that debt relief and especially the enhanced HIPC initiative have had a positive impact on the total domestic revenue and the public investment (as percentages of the GDP). Thanks to our large observation span, we also observed that the MDRI led to a significant additional improvement of the level of public investment and domestic revenues ratio, although these effects are smaller than the HIPCs ones.
Early discontinuation and suboptimal dosing of duloxetine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder: analysis from a US third-party payer perspective

Abstract Objective: Little is known about early discontinuation of duloxetine therapy or the effect that initial dose has on discontinuation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Data from a private payer insurance claim database included 6132 patients with MDD who started duloxetine between 7/1/2005 and 6/30/2006, had no prescription for duloxetine in the previous 3 months, and were enrolled for 12 months before and after initiation. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to compare demographic, clinical, and healthcare cost data stratified by length of continuation. Early discontinuation was defined as continuation ≤30 days. Healthcare costs, persistence, and adherence were compared between patients with suboptimal initial dose (<40 mg/day) and those with recommended initial dose (40–60 mg/day). Results: Discontinuation rates were 16.8% at ≤30 days, 16.7% at 31–90 days, 14.9% at 91–180 days, and 51.6% at >180 days. Suboptimal initial dose, younger age, male gender, prior benzodiazepine use, insomnia, psychiatric disorders, infectious diseases, digestive disorders, genitourinary disorders, and injury/poisoning increased the likelihood of early discontinuation (Odds ratios [ORs]: 1.18–2.16), while recent use of SSRIs or venlafaxine XR decreased the likelihood (ORs: 0.67–0.68). Compared with patients who persisted with therapy for >180 days, patients who discontinued early had more hospital admissions, longer hospital stays, and more ER visits during the 1-year follow-up (all p-values <0.01). Patients with an initial dose <40 mg/day had shorter persistence (p < 0.001) and lower rates of adherence (p < 0.001) compared with patients with an initial dose of 40–60 mg/day. Limitations: Limitations of this study were those of all analyses based on data from insurance claim databases. Conclusions: Early discontinuation was associated with increased healthcare utilization. Demographic and clinical predictors of early discontinuation were identified that may help target care for at-risk patients. Beginning therapy within the recommended dose range may improve persistence.