Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation Analysis of The Potential Causes for The Low Jsc in GaAsN Solar Cells

To investigate the origin of the low Jsc in GaAsN single-junction solar cells, SCAPS software is introduced to simulate the evolution of Jsc with the adjustment in front-part region of n+-p GaAsN configuration (n+-GaAs/n+-GaAsN interface states, cap layer thickness, emitter thickness). The results show that the existence of interface states can induce the formation of a sink for holes, which can cause a deterioration of the Jsc. In addition, the optimized thickness of cap layer and emitter is important for the recovery of Jsc value, i.e., 10nm and 70nm, respectively. Finally, an above 15% conversion efficiency is expected with a 25mA/cm2 Jsc value.
The role of attachment styles, quality of object relations and ego strength in predicting irritable bowel syndrome

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders that psychological factors play an important role in its development and exacerbation. This study aimed to investigate the role of attachment styles, the quality of object relations and ego strength in predicting IBS. Materials and Methods: This analytical case-control study was performed on all patients with IBS referred to Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital from January to December 2013. In this study, 150 patients with IBS and 150 matched healthy people (the relatives of patients) were selected using convenience sampling. To collect data, different questionnaires including demographic, object relations, adult attachment and ego strength questionnaires were used. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the ambivalent insecure attachment style and IBS as well as a negative correlation between the ego strength and IBS. Also, there was no significant correlation between the secure attachment styles, avoidant insecure attachment style and object relations with IBS. Logistic regression analysis showed that the ego strength and ambivalent insecure attachment style were the predictors of IBS. Conclusion: Besides the biological and genetic factors involved in IBS, ambivalent insecure attachment style and ego strength can be psycho-social predictors of this syndrome.
The zeros of the second derivative of the reciprocal of an entire function

Let f be a real entire function of finite order with only real zeros. Assuming that f' has only real zeros, we show that the number of nonreal zeros of f" equals the number of real zeros of F", where F = I/f. From this, we show that F" has only real zeros if and only if f(z) = exp(az2 + bz + c), a > 0, or f(z) = (Az + B)', A # 0, n a positive integer.
The importance of succession on business growth: A case study of family farms in Switzerland and Norway

This paper develops the hypothesis that the level of growth or decline of small family farms is strongly connected to the farms’ succession process. Around the process of intra-family succession, both disinvestment in cases of farm abandonment or conversion to part-time farming and investment activities in case of transfer to the next generation reach the highest levels. This hypothesis is confirmed for four different growth indicators using Swiss and Norwegian farm data for the period 2004 to 2009. Management strategy is another significant factor explaining business development, whereas growth and shrinking processes are accelerated by a high degree of specialization.
Corporate governance, transparency and performance of Malaysian companies

Purpose - The paper aims to examine the effect of good corporate governance practices on corporate transparency and performance of Malaysian listed companies. Design/methodology/approach - Samples were selected using matched-sampling method and hierarchical regression was employed to test the relationship between among corporate governance mechanism, transparency and performance. Findings - Corporate governance factors have a strong predicting power on company performance, mainly due to debt monitoring and foreign ownership. However, there is a significant negative relation between audit quality and performance. The results find that performance is not associated with the level of disclosure and timely reporting. The results indicate that disclosure and timeliness are not significant contributing factors in the relationship between corporate governance and market performance. Research limitations/implications - The data covers a one-year period of 2002 only. This paper deals only with “one-way” causality running from corporate governance mechanisms to performance, even though, there is evidence of “reverse-way” and “two-way” causality in governance literature. Practical implications - This paper indicates that internal governance mechanisms are not important determinants to corporate performance. However, governance in forms of debt monitoring and foreign ownership have significant influence on corporate performance. Transparency (i.e. disclosure and timeliness of reporting) is not a significant mediating variable between corporate governance and performance. Originality/value - Distinct from previous empirical research as the disclosure level is measured using self-designed corporate governance index. Apart from a study conducted in an Asian setting of Malaysia, the study also tests transparency as a mediating variable between corporate governance and performance
Coping and adaptation and their relationship to the spiritual perspective in patients with HIV/AIDS

Objetivo. Identificar el proceso de afrontamiento y adaptacion y su relacion con la perspectiva espiritual en el paciente con VIH/SIDA. Metodologia. Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participaron 100 pacientes a quienes se les aplicaron los instrumentos Escala de Medicion del Proceso de Afrontamiento y Adaptacion de Roy, y la Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual de Reed. El estudio se realizo en 2009, en una institucion estatal de salud en Bogota (Colombia). Resultados. Se identificaron cinco subgrupos de pacientes (recursivo y centrado, fisico y enfocado, en proceso de alerta, en procesamiento sistematico y conociendo y relacionando) quienes presentaron diferentes dinamicas en cuanto al mayor o menor uso de las estrategias de afrontamiento. En la mayoria de pacientes se identifico una alta perspectiva espiritual ante la vivencia de la enfermedad. Una debil pero significativa correlacion se encontro entre los procesos de afrontamiento y adaptacion y los componentes de la perspectiva espiritual. Conclusion. Existe relacion entre la perspectiva espiritual y el proceso de afrontamiento y adaptacion a la enfermedad del VIH/ SIDA. Lo anterior debe ser tenido en cuenta en la relacion terapeutica como componente relevante del cuidado
Laser-induced fluorescence emission (LIFE) from Lake Fryxell (Antarctica) cryoconites

Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence emission (LIFE) images were obtained in situ from a 27 cm long ice core at Lake Fryxell, Antarctica. The excitation was accomplished with a simple 532 nm green laser pen light, and the fluorescence images were captured with a small compact digital camera. The targets for the experiment were mm-scale cryoconite assemblages found in the ice covers of this perennially frozen Antarctic lake. The fluorescence response originates from photo-pigments in cyanobacteria-dominated cryoconite assemblages with phycoerythrin (PE) exhibiting the optimal target cross section. This inexpensive, low-mass, low-energy method avoids manipulation of the in situ habitat and individual target organisms and does not disturb the microbial community or the surrounding ice matrix. We establish the correlation between fluorescence intensity and PE concentration. We show that cryoconite fluorescence response does not appear to decrease with depth in the ice cover, in agreement with similar findings at Lake Untersee, a perennially ice-covered lake in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Optical reflection and refraction events at the air/ice interface can complicate quantitative estimates of total pigment concentrations. Laser targeting of a single mm-scale cryoconite can result in multiple neighboring excitation events secondary to reflection and refraction phenomena in the multiple air/ice interface of the bubbles surrounding the primary target.
Quality of Interpersonal Relationships and Depression in Adolescence: Psychosocial Functioning Moderating Effect

Adolescent depression has a devastating nature and affects different areas of functioning resulting in significant psychosocial limitations. Poor interpersonal relations have been increasingly associated with depressive symptoms. Negative familial interactions are a vulnerability factor to depression but more research is needed. This study aimed to test the moderating effect of psychosocial functioning in the relationship between the quality of interpersonal relationships and depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 433 adolescents and the following instruments were used: Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI Kovacs, 1985; Portuguse version: Marujo, 1994), Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI versions father and mother Pierce, Sarason & Sarason, 1991; Portuguese version: Neves & Pinheiro, 2006) and the semi-structured interview Adolescent-Longitudinal Interval Follow-up (A-LIFE Keller et al., 1993; Portuguese version: Matos & Costa, 2011). A relation between poor relationships with parents and depressive symptomatology was found. The dimension of father support/depth was found as a protective factor against the development of depression in adolescence but the conflict with the mother was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Lower levels of psychosocial functioning were predictive of depressive symptoms in the domains of academic achievement and relationships with family and friends. The results also showed a moderating ∗ Corresponding author. Tel. : +351-239-851450; fax: +351-239-851465. E-mail address: apmatos@fpce.uc. pt http://dx.doi. org/10.15405/epsbs.2015. 08.8
Data mining using fuzzy theory for customer relationship management

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) initiatives have gained much attention over the past few years. Although CRM involves technology, the important success factor involves strategy. This is the strategy of building business around the customer. However, with the aid of data mining techniques, business can formulate the strategy easier. Fuzzy theory allows human expertise and decisions to be modelled more closely, thus it is suggested that it can be used in the CRM model. A case study presented in this paper has examined two area of a typical CRM model, where the decision making process can be improved by using fuzzy theory.
The river sharing problem: A review of the technical literature for policy economists

Water is essential for life. However, the basic problem of water resource allocation has been that water tends to be over-allocated. Demand for water exceeds the available supply. Essentially, the water economy is bankrupt. Bankruptcy problems have been almost exhaustively studied in the literature on economic theory-primarily from the perspective of cooperative game theory. The main concern of this literature has been how to fairly divide up the assets of a bankrupt entity. In water resource economics cooperative game theory has often been employed as a means of analyzing water resource allocation. It was only recently that the problem of directional flow was incorporated into such analyses. This has come to be known as the “river sharing problem” in the theoretical literature. Accounting for the direction of flow in water resource allocation problems has profound implications for policies that wish to facilitate both fair and efficient water allocations. This is the case whether proposed policies are interventionist or market based in nature. There is now a considerable literature on the allocation and distribution of water resources characterized by unidirectional flow. In this paper I critically review and appraise this literature with a view to making it more accessible to applied and policy economists. A key feature of the paper is that the connection between the bankruptcy literature, which has recently also realized the importance of flow, and the river sharing literature is discussed. The current state of the art in game theoretic models of water resource allocation with directional flow is discussed and implications and consequences for water resource policy highlighted
Millimetre Continuum Variations, VLBI Structure and Gamma-rays: Investigating Shocked Jet Physics

Abstract We compare the total flux density variations and the VLBI structural variations in a sample of 27 gamma-ray blazars. We find that all the radio variations are due to shocks; the flux of the underlying jet remains constant. A large fraction of the shocks grow and fade within the innermost 0.1 mas, appearing only as ‘core flares’. Comparisons with the EGRET data show that gamma-ray flares must come from the shocks, not from the jet. At the time of an EGRET flare, the shock is typically already over a parsec downstream from the radio core, beyond the accretion disk and/or the broad line region (BLR) photon fields. Thus, present models for gamma-ray production are inadequate, since they typically model the gamma-ray inverse Compton flux as coming from the jet, with significant disk or BLR external Compton components.
On the role of climate modes in modulating the air–sea CO2 fluxes in eastern boundary upwelling systems

Abstract. The air–sea CO2 fluxes in eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs) vary strongly in time and space, with some of the highest flux densities globally. The processes controlling this variability have not yet been investigated consistently across all four major EBUSs, i.e., the California (CalCS), Humboldt (HumCS), Canary (CanCS), and Benguela (BenCS) Current systems. In this study, we diagnose the climatic modes of the air–sea CO2 flux variability in these regions between 1920 and 2015, using simulation results from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LENS), a global coupled climate model ensemble that is forced by historical and RCP8.5 radiative forcing. Differences between simulations can be attributed entirely to internal (unforced) climate variability, whose contribution can be diagnosed by subtracting the ensemble mean from each simulation. We find that in the CalCS and CanCS, the resulting anomalous CO2 fluxes are strongly affected by large-scale extratropical modes of variability, i.e., the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), respectively. The CalCS has anomalous uptake of CO2 during the positive phase of the NPGO, while the CanCS has anomalous outgassing of CO2 during the positive phase of the NAO. In contrast, the HumCS is mainly affected by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with anomalous uptake of CO2 during an El Niño event. Variations in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and sea surface temperature (SST) are the major contributors to these anomalous CO2 fluxes and are generally driven by changes to large-scale gyre circulation, upwelling, the mixed layer depth, and biological processes. A better understanding of the sensitivity of EBUS CO2 fluxes to modes of climate variability is key in improving our ability to predict the future evolution of the atmospheric CO2 source and sink characteristics of the four EBUSs.
The Effect of Honing Speed and Grain Size on Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate during Honing

In this paper, an attempt was made to study the dependencies between average and maximum roughness in relation to material removal rate and specific volume material removal rate of long-stroke honing in relation to different abrasive grain size tools and honing speeds. Long-stroke honing was performed on grey cast iron cylinder liners. It was found that by using a finer grain tool, lower roughness and similar material removal rate is obtained. Inconsistent relation between average and maximum roughness in relation to material removal rate and specific volume material removal rate were described by abrasive grain stress in honing tools. Abrasive grain stress influences the fall-out of abrasive grains from the tool surface and their uncontrolled movement over the sample – tool system. This results in a stochastic workpiece material removal, which is more severe if the abrasive grains are larger in the corresponding tool.
Detection of Fumonisin Chemotype Produced by Gibberella fujikuroi Species Complex Isolated From Barely in Western Iran Using Specific PCR Assays

To identify fumonisin chemotype of Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (GFSC) isolated from barely, 75 barely samples were collected from different markets in Western Iran. Based on morphological characters, 40 Fusarium isolates were obtained from the grains and grouped into four species F. proliferatum (14) and F. subglutinans (3) as the two known GFSC members, F. graminearum senso lato (13), and F. equiseti (10). The identification of F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans isolates were confirmed molecularly using species-specific of PRO1/PRO2 and SUB1/SUB2 primers, respectively, which selectively amplified the partial calmodulin gene of rDNA. PCRbased detection of a mycotoxin-synthesis-pathway gene was also used to determine the potential of the analyzed strains to produce fumonisin using FUM1 F/FUM1 R primers. Of 17 tested isolates, 8 isolates (47%) are fumonisin chemotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on molecular identification and mycotoxigenic capacity characterization of GFSC isolated from barely in Western Iran.
Comparative Study on the Appraisal Resources of China Daily's Disaster News

This study compares the appraisal resources of the 1998 Shangyi earthquake reports and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake reports collected from China Daily , examining whether there’s improvement in disaster reporting. It finds that great changes have taken place over the 10 years. The most prominent changes are that the instances of Attitudinal and Engagement resources as well as the proportions of the Affect and the negative Attitudinal resources increased in the 2008 earthquake reports; moreover, the appraisers in the 2008 earthquake reports are far more diversified. The changes implicate a development in the disaster reports of China Daily , i.e., an ordinary people oriented reporting strategy was adopted in the 2008 earthquake reporting; more civilian were concerned in the disaster reports; the traditional sheer positive reporting method has been abandoned and more attention has been paid to people’s true feelings.
Isolation and molecular characterization of the fire blight pathogen, Erwinia amylovora, isolated from apple and pear orchards in Egypt.

A B S T R A C T Eleven Erwinia amylovora isolates, the causal agent of the fire blight disease, were isolated from apple orchards adjacent to those of pears showing fire blight disease symptoms. Initial characterization concerning morphological and biochemical traits revealed that all isolates were typical to those of E. amylovora. Furthermore, all bacterial isolates showed typical symptoms of the fire blight disease upon infection of unripe pear fruits. Molecular characterization of these isolates via PCR utilizing specific primers based on a region of plasmid pEA29 and chromosomal DNA ams-region was performed. PCR products were positive and represented the expected length 1.1 and 1.6 kb, respectively. Moreover, PCR reactions utilizing the 16S rRNA universal primers were carried out. DNA sequence of PCR products and analysis via blast and Genbank data showed that, the bacterial isolates actually belonging to E. amylovora. Moreover, there are interference between these Erwinia isolates and identified E. amylovora strains based on constructed phylogenetic analysis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of fire blight of apples caused by E. amylovora in Egypt.
Modulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Glucose Uptake by Oxytocin in Adipocytes

Oxytocin (OT) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide synthesized and secreted by OT neurons. In addition to its conventional role in reproductive physiology, central OT also regulates various social behaviors, such as care, trust, and emotions. Central and subcutaneous OT infusions stimulate lipid metabolism in mice and rats when fed standard or high fat diets. Mice lacking the OT receptor (OTR) or OT peptide develop late-onset obesity with greater fat pad weights, larger adipocyte size and elevated plasma levels of leptin. To study the effects of OT on lipid metabolism, we examined the effects of serial OT doses (0, 10, 30, 100, 150, 300 nM) on 3T3L1 adipocytes, together with long (144 hours, 6 days) and short (24 hours, 1 day) term treatments. The short-term treatment with 150 nM OT increased triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and decreased mRNA expressions of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT-1α) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). After long-term incubation with 150 nM OT, only the CPT-1α mRNA was decreased. In differentiated adipocytes derived from pig adipose tissue stem cells, only hormone sensitive lipase mRNA was decreased after short- or long-term treatment with OT. To obtain further insight into the underlying mechanism of OT induction, we tested the involvement of the AKT/PKB pathway; however, AKT phosphorylation was decreased after treatment with 150 nM OT, suggesting that OT effects may be independent from the AKT/PKB pathway. Taken together, OT effects on adipocyte glucose and lipid metabolism are probably through mechanisms other than the AKT/PKB pathway.
A ug 2 01 3 Spin in an arbitrary gravitational field

We study the quantum mechanics of a Dirac fermion on a curved spacetime manifold. The metric of the spacetime is completely arbitrary, allowing for the discussion of all possible inertial and gravitational field configurations. In this framework, we find the Hermitian Dirac Hamiltonian for an arbitrary classical external field (including the gravitational and electromagnetic ones). In order to discuss the physical content of the quantum-mechanical model, we further apply the FoldyWouthuysen transformation, and derive the quantum equations of motion for the spin and position operators. We analyse the semiclassical limit of these equations and compare the results with the dynamics of a classical particle with spin in the framework of the standard Mathisson-Papapetrou theory and in the classical canonical theory. The comparison of the quantum mechanical and classical equations of motion of a spinning particle in an arbitrary gravitational field shows their complete agreement. PACS numbers: 04.20. Cv; 04.62. +v; 03.65. Sq ∗ obukhov@ibrae.ac. ru † alsilenko@mail.ru ‡ teryaev@theor.jinr. ru
Hormone replacement therapy enhances IGF-1 signaling in skeletal muscle by diminishing miR-182 and miR-223 expressions

Olivieri , F , Ahtiainen , M , Lazzarini , R , Pollanen , E , Capri , M , Lorenzi , M , Fulgenzi , G , Albertini , M C , Salvioli , S , Alen , M J , Kujala , U M , Borghetti , G , Babini , L , Kaprio , J , Sipila , S , Franceschi , C , Kovanen , V & Procopio , A D 2014 , ' Hormone replacement therapy enhances IGF-1 signaling in skeletal muscle by diminishing miR-182 and miR-223 expressions : a study on postmenopausal monozygotic twin pairs ' Aging Cell , vol 13 , no. 5 , pp. 850-861 . DOI: 10.1111/acel.12245
Sulfur containing optical plastics and its ophthalmic lenses applications

Abstract Plastics produced from the sulfur-based monomer are excellent materials with many optical applications such as ophthalmic lenses, fiber optics and non- linear optics. High refractive index plastic materials are able to reduce the curvature, edge and center thickness of lenses. Sulfur containing plastics such as sulfide, polysulfide, and sulfur containing vinyl compound, thioacrylate, polythiol and isocyanate/isothiocyanate based monomers have demonstrated high refractive index, high Abbe number, good impact strength, excellent machinability, good tintability and good transmittance. In the present article, various sulfur containing plastics with different types of monomers for ophthalmic lens applications are reviewed.