Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity as a Disease: Effects on Weight-Biased Attitudes and Beliefs

In June 2013, the American Medical Association (AMA) released the controversial decision to designate obesity a disease. Proponents predicted the decision would lead to reduced weight-related bias, whereas opponents predicted designating a third of the population as “diseased” would exacerbate bias. To determine the effects of defining obesity as a disease on explicit and implicit weight-biased attitudes and beliefs about the controllability of weight, female undergraduate students (N = 146) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: disease or lifestyle. Participants in the disease group (n = 71) read an article describing obesity as a disease caused by biology and genes; participants in the lifestyle group (n = 75) read an article describing obesity as the result of personal choices, including overconsumption of food and inactivity. Explicit weight-biased attitudes and beliefs about the controllability of weight were measured pre- and postexposure to the article. Postexposure beliefs about the controllability of weight were examined as a potential mediator of the relationship between group and explicit weight-biased attitudes; and body mass index (BMI) was examined as a potential moderator. Results revealed a significant interaction between group and time on beliefs about the controllability of weight. Participants in the disease group exhibited stronger beliefs that obesity is outside a person’s control from pre- to postexposure, whereas participants in the lifestyle group exhibited a weakening in these beliefs over the same time period. Consistent with the obesity stigma asymmetry model (Hoyt, Burnette, Auster-Gussman, Blodorn, & Major, 2016), there was no significant total effect of group on explicit weight-biased attitudes, despite significant mediation.
Long-term relationship and Reciprocity in Credit Market Experiment: Implications for Microfinance

Microfinance sector is generally associated with high repayment rates. However it is not clear whether such success only results from the use of peer lending or is due to the existence of a long-term relationship between the borrower and her incumbent lender – that also strongly characterizes microcredit reality. Our paper contributes to the existing literature on microcredit market by experimentally examining to what extent long-term lending relationship enables to mitigate moral hazard associated with repayment and project selection in the absence of peer group. Subsequently, the aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent reciprocity and reputation can enhance credit market performance by mitigating moral hazard. The originality of our research lies in the fact that we introduce variability in socio-demographic characteristics by recruiting "real people", including not only students that are typically viewed as the standard subject pool but also bankers both from classical banking and from microcredit institutions. Consistent with previous studies, our findings reveal that the opportunity to engage bilateral long-term relationships strongly improves the market performance by mitigating the repayment problem (ex-post moral hazard) and thus enhancing cooperation between borrowers and lenders. This fact seems to highlight the prominence of reputation as a disciplining devise that conducts selfish borrowers to behave reciprocally. Notwithstanding, our results also seem to indicate that lenders take advantage of their long-term situation by increasing their rates. Credit cost is significantly higher under the partner treatments than under the stranger treatment. As a consequence, the borrowers may be incited to take more risk to reimburse their loan (ex-ante moral hazard). Improving the information disclosure negligibly enhances cooperation and thus market performance but alters the principals' lending behavioral patterns. Finally, we find that social bankers are more likely to makes fair credit offers to borrowers than classical bankers.
Comparative Analyses of Gene Clusters and Ks-alpha Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Chromomycin A3 and Mithramycin

Chromomycin A3 and mithramycin are tricyclic antitumor compounds of aureolic acid class of polyketides, which are structurally related. Both polyketides differ in their glycosylation profiles and substitutions of sugars in their functional groups. Genetic organizations for the biosynthetic gene clusters of both polyketides were studied through antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell and compared the genes involved in their polyketide and post-polyketide biosynthesis steps. Mauve application was also used for further visualization. 3D models of KSα gene for both polyketides along with two structurally similar polyketides of two different classes were also predicted and analyzed. Superimpositions of each model with template showed very low root-mean-square deviation values of 0.399 A for chromomycin and chlortetracycline, 0.191 A for mithramycin and polyketomycin, and 0.395 A for chromomycin and mithramycin, respectively. Very low root-mean-square deviation values proved that there are high similarities between each query and template. It was also found that mithramycin and polyketomycin (tetracyclic quinone) have better superimposition hence more structural similarities as compared to mithramycin and chromomycin A3 and these discrepancies strongly suggest the horizontal transfer of aromatic polyketide biosynthesis genes of aureolic acid class. The current study will surely help in better classification of different classes of bacterial type II polyketides in future using KSα domains.
EFFECT OF COMBINATION TREATMENT OF CANDESARTAN AND CURCUMIN ON TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN MICE

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe condition and a major cause of death and disability, particularly in young adults. Traumatic brain injury invokes a complex inflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic responses. The present experimental study was designed to assess the effect of combination treatment of curcumin and candesartan on TBI in mice. Mice were classified into six groups (Sham, TBI and TBI post-treated with vehicle, curcumin, candesartan or combination of curcumin + candesartan for 7 days), n=12 each. Mice were anesthetized and then placed under a weight-drop device.The animals were killed by cervical dislocation, brains were rapidly isolated and homogenized. Traumatic brain injury group showed significant increment in MDA, TNF-Alpha, caspase-3 as compared to sham group and these effects were significantly ameliorated by curcumin, candesartan or their combination treatment. Also total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreased markedly in the TBI group and increased significantly by concurrent treatment with curcumin &/or candesartan. Furthermore, histopathological examination confirmed these findings. Collectively these findings indicate that curcumin and candesartan have potential anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects. Accordingly, curcumin or candesartan might be employed as a therapeutic agent for TBI and their combination succeeded in adding better effects than the individual drugs.
A comparison of financial performance of Czech credit unions and European cooperative banks

Czech credit unions have been yet criticized by both academics and regulatory representatives for its business based on moral hazard and excessive risk taking. This paper empirically assesses financial performance of Czech credit unions in relation with other European cooperative banks in terms of profitability and stability. To do that, we created a unique dataset of 283 cooperative banks from 15 European countries in the 2006–2013 period. System GMM method is employed as a main instrument of our empirical analysis and alternative panel data methods are used as supplementary techniques. Results revealed poor performance of Czech credit unions in terms of both profitability and stability. Moreover, adverse trends in stability measures of Czech credit unions are in sharp contrast to the tendencies in the rest of cooperative banks in our sample. To conclude, we argue that bigger Czech credit unions will face serious financial problems in coming years.
Strength in numbers or guilt by association? Intragroup effects of female chief executive announcements

We predict that the media reports on female CEOs as a coherent group, whereas male CEOs are treated as individuals by the media. We also suggest that the resulting investors’ perceptions of group entitativity of female-led ? rms may not only in? uence the succession event–performance relationship at the focal ? rm, but may also have a signi? cant effect on the value of other female-led companies. Results of a text analysis and an event study of appointments of female CEOs to Fortune 1000 ? rms provide support for these predictions.
COVARVARIATION IN THE GREAT CALLS OF REHABILITANT AND WILD GIBBONS (HYLOBATES ALBIBARBIS)

Sex- and species-specific singing is an integral part of gibbon behaviour. Young gibbons learn to sing by copying their parents. Analysis of the recorded great calls of wild-born, captive-raised agile gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) from the Kalaweit Gibbon Rehabilitation Project, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia and wild-raised agile female songs in two locations around Kalimantan are presented herein. We found high variance of song characteristics both within and between populations. This result shows that captive-raised gibbon females can learn flexibility in the song pattern in the great call phase. We also demonstrate variation in song patterns between distinct populations, indicating a genetic component to the levels of flexibility in the great call. There is a clear genetic component, as gibbons raised alone produce the species-specific song and there is a clear level of individuality to the great call component of the song. This distinct individuality supports the hypothesis that the song of gibbons is a mechanism of intra- and inter-specific communication about the status of individual gibbons and pairs e.g. social and physical status. In addition evidence is presented suggesting that separate populations of the same species may have distinct dialects. Implications for rehabilitation and reintroduction of gibbons are discussed.
Analysis of mixing in three-dimensional time-periodic cavity flows

A method to locate periodic structures in general three-dimensional Stokes flows with time-periodic boundary conditions is presented and applied to mixing cavity flows. Numerically obtained velocity fields and particle tracking schemes are used to provide displacement and stretching fields. From these the location and identification of periodic points can be derived. The presence or absence of these periodic points allows a judgement on the quality of the mixing process. The technique is general and efficient, and applicable to mixing flows for which no analytical velocity field is available (the case for all three-dimensional flows considered in this paper). Results are presented for three different mixing protocols in a three-dimensional time-periodic cavity flow, serving as an accessible test case for the methods developed. A major result is that periodic lines are obtained for these three-dimensional flows. These lines can be complex in geometry and their nature can change along a line from hyperbolic to elliptic. They can serve as practical criteria in the optimization of three-dimensional mixing processes.
Relationship of Student Undergraduate Achievement and Personality Characteristics in a Total Web‐Based Environment: An Empirical Study

Web-based education is a popular format for the delivery of college courses. Research has shown that it may not be the best form of education for all students. Today, many students (and student advisors) face a choice in course delivery format (i.e., Web-based or more traditional classroom courses). This research study examines the relationship between student personality characteristics and their achievement scores as a means of identifying predictors of academic success in an undergraduate business program using Web-based education. The results of the study show that four basic personality characteristics are highly correlated to student achievement in Web-based courses. Use of these personality characteristics as variables in a regression model is shown to be a highly accurate predictive tool to aid students in the decision as to whether to take a particular Web-based course format or a more traditional classroom course.
THE INFLUENCE OF 5-C FACTORS ON RATE OF CREDIT RETURN IN BEEF CATTLE FARMING IN CENTRAL JAVA

The aims of study were to analyze (i) income of beef cattle farming, (ii) ability of farmers to meettheir obligation for returning credit, (iii) role of character, capacity, capital, collateral and conditions(5C) and its effect on credit return. The study was conducted using survey methods on farmers (fatteningand cow-calf operation), who use credit. Sample location was determined using two stage clusterrandom sampling based on beef cattle population, namely region of Grobogan, Blora, Rembang,Wonogiri and Boyolali. Number of respondents was 50 for fattening and 50 for cow-calf operation. Datawere analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistic, which consisted of scoring, income and multiplelinear regression. Results showed that income per-year of beef cattle fattening was greater than cow-calfoperation (IDR 8,954,208.00>1,606,786.00), as well as its contribution to the household farmers’income (49.45>14.91%). Credit return ability was 61.35% based on amount of credit IDR 22,482,510.Five-C analysis resulted that character and capacity of farmers were in adequate category, while capital,collateral and condition were IDR 14,932,500.00, IDR 58,740,000.00 and IDR 14,440,600.00. Capitaland collateral had significant effects, while character, capacity and condition had no significant effectson credit return.
Ecofriendly and Simplified Synthetic Route for Polysulfone-based Solid-State Alkaline Electrolyte Membrane

Problem statement: Recently the alkaline system for fuel cell enhance their presence because of possibility of no-precious-metal catalyst and low over potential at cathode reaction. The anion exchange membrane for alkaline membrane fuel cell should be a key technology in order to achieve the practical performance as fuel cells. Alkaline anion exchange membranes of high ionic conductivities are made from polysulfone by adding a chloromethyl pendant group to the polysulfone, follow by reacting the chloromethyl group with amine to form quarternary ammonium pendant groups which act as the counter ion for hydroxide anion. Chloromethyl methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide and methanol are commonly used as agent for providing excellent conversions, but they are now considered to be carcinogenic. To avoid the use of such hazardous materials, in our work we used paraformaldehyde, chlorotrimethylsilane, N-methylpyrrolidone and ethanol as agent for providing conversion. Approach: Polysulfone (PS) was chloromethylated using chlorotrimethylsilane as a chloromethylation reagent, resulting in the formation of Chloromethylated Polysulfone (CMPS). CMPS was converted to a quaternized form using trimethylamine and precipitated into ethanol. The powder was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone, followed by aminated with a 25 wt% trimethylamine. Results: The resulting solution was cast onto a flat glass plate and dried in an oven. The membrane was immersed in KOH solution for 24 h to replace the Cl- anion in the polymer with OH-. Conclusion: The swelling behavior of polysulfone-based solid-state alkaline electrolyte membrane was closely related to the degree of water uptake (25 WU%, 7.5 SD%) and the ion-exchange capacity was 1.05 mmol g-1, which is sufficient for electrolyte membranes used in alkaline fuel cells.
Some Observations on Fisheries Biology of Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) and Solea vulgaris (Quensel, 1806) in Lake Qarun, Egypt

The present study was planed to describe some fisheries biology of Tilapia zillii (Gervais 1848) and Solea vulgaris (Quensel, 1806) in Lake Qarun, Egypt. Fishing gears, species composition, length-weight relationship, condition factor and age determination for both two species were done. The main fishing gears in Lake Qarun were locally named as Ghazl Moussa. The regression coefficient "b" exhibit allometric growth, since the value of exponent "b" was found to be 2.69 and 2.29 for T. zillii and S. vulgaris, respectively. The mean values of condition factor (K± SD) revealed that, condition of T. zillii was better than S. vulgaris and the highest condition of the two species was recorded in summer season. Disappearances of older age groups in the present study were detected, where, only ages from year 0 to III and from 0 to II, for the previous species, respectively, being included in the analysis. It was concluded that, a decline in the value of condition factor (K) and disappearances of older age groups of both two studied species reflect the drastic condition of Lake Qarun which had a profound effect on its fauna and flora.
Rip Current Observations via Marine Radar

New remote sensing observations that demonstrate the presence of rip current plumes in X-band radar images are presented. The observations collected on the Outer Banks (Duck, North Carolina) show a regular sequence of low-tide, low-energy, morphologically driven rip currents over a 10-day period. The remote sensing data were corroborated by in situ current measurements that showed depth-averaged rip current velocities were 20e40cm=s whereas significant wave heights were Hs 50:5e1m. Somewhat surprisingly, these low-energy rips have a surface signature that sometimes extends several surf zone widths from shore and persists for periods of several hours, which isin contrastwith recent rip current observations obtained with Lagrangian drifters. These remote sensing observations provide a more synoptic picture of the rip current flow field and allow the identification of several rip events that werenot captured by thein situ sensors and times of alongshoredeflection oftherip flowoutsidethesurfzone.Thesedataalsocontainaripoutbreakeventwherefourseparateripswereimagedovera1-kmstretchofcoast. For potential comparisons of the rip current signature across other radar platforms, an example of a simply calibrated radar image is also given. Finally,insituobservationsoftheverticalstructureoftheripcurrent flowaregiven,andathresholdoffshorewindstress(.0:02m=s 2 )isfoundto preclude the rip current imaging. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000229. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. Author keywords: Rip currents; Radar; Surf zone; Nearshore hydrodynamics.
Conformation of Pyrene-Labeled Amylose in DMSO Characterized with the Fluorescence Blob Model

Amylose and poly(methyl acrylate) were randomly labeled with pyrene to yield a series of Py-Amylose and Py-PMA constructs, and their ability to form excimer in DMSO was characterized quantitatively by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. First, the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of the excimer over that of the monomer, namely the IE/IM ratio, was obtained from the fluorescence spectra. Second, the product ⟨kblob × Nblob⟩ was obtained from the fluorescence blob model (FBM) analysis of the fluorescence decays. Both IE/IM and ⟨kblob × Nblob⟩ yielded similar values when expressed in terms of moles of pyrene per backbone atom for Py-Amylose and Py-PMA. Since IE/IM and ⟨kblob × Nblob⟩ reflect the efficiency of pyrene excimer formation, the similar behavior observed for both parameters obtained for rigid amylose and flexible PMA could only be rationalized by postulating that amylose adopted a compact helical conformation in DMSO. To confirm whether this was possible, molecular mechanics optimization.
A quantitative comparison between the formal complexity of Le Corbusier's pre-modern (1905-1912) and early modern (1922-1928) architecture

Architectural historians are divided over the question of whether or not Le Corbusier’s early, Arts and Crafts (or Art Nouveau) style chalet designs are formally related to his later, more famous, designs for Modernist villas. While there are multiple stylistic differences between Le Corbusier’s early and later works, the question remains, are the houses really so different in terms of their formal complexity? The present paper uses computational means to mathematically answer this question for the first time. Recent research has shown that computational methods can be used to determine a series of quantitative results for the visual complexity of five of Le Corbusier’s Modernist houses (completed between 1922 and 1928). In this paper five of Le Corbusier’s early, pre-Modern house designs (completed between 1905 and 1912) are analysed using the same computational method. With these two sets of data available for testing, a detailed comparison of the mathematical difference between the works is constructed. Ultimately, this paper concludes that there are strong correlations between the formal complexity and design strategies found in these ten canonical works.
The Effect of R&D Expenditures on Stock Returns, Price and Volatility A study on biotechnological and pharmaceutical industry in the US market

This paper examines how stock returns, price and volatility are affected by R&D expenditures for biotechnological and pharmaceutical firms in the US during the period 2002 – 2013. We test three hypotheses; R&D expenditures are related with significant positive stock returns; R&D expenditures have a positive effect on stock price; R&D expenditures and volatility are positively linked. Based on our results we fail to reject the first hypothesis, while we reject the second and the third hypothesis. We make a robustness check and divide the sample in two groups based on their R&D expenditures. For firms with more than $100 million in R&D expenditures we observe: a positive significant effect of R&D to market value on stock returns; a positive significant effect of R&D capital to sales and R&D intensity on stock price; and a negative significant effect of R&D capital to sales on stock price volatility.
The Labor Market Impact of Immigration: A Quasi-Experiment Exploiting Immigrant Location Rules in Germany

With the fall of the Berlin Wall, ethnic Germans living in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union were given the opportunity to migrate to Germany. Within 15 years, 2.8 million individuals had done so. Upon arrival, these immigrants were exogenously allocated to different regions to ensure an even distribution across the country. Their inflow can therefore be seen as a quasi-experiment of immigration. I analyze the effect of these inflows on skill-specific employment rates and wages. The results indicate a displacement effect of 3.1 unemployed workers for every 10 immigrants that find a job, but no effect on relative wages.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Eksploratif Berkonteks Budaya Banten pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar

Development of Exploratory Student Worksheets Based on Banten Cultural Context in Mathematics Subjects in Elementary Schools. The purpose of this research to describe the development and feasibility process of the student worksheets based on Bantenese culture, to know the student’s understanding after using student worksheet in the topic of geometry especially volume. This research is the research and development (RnD) using 4-D models (Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination). The subject of this research was the fifth-grade students of SDN Serang 3 consist of 20 students. The data in this study were collected using the questionnaire and test. Based on the results of this research obtained a score with a percentage from content experts 84.16% with very feasible categories, from media experts 85.83% with very feasible categories, 79.99% from linguists expert with feasible categories, 99.33% from user responses with very good categories and 86.75% the test results with very good categories. The results of this research indicate that the product can be interpreted to be effective in increasing students' understanding of the geometry topic, especially volume.