Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nocturnal boundary layer transition from weakly to very stable. Part I: Observations

The nocturnal boundary‐layer regime transition from weakly stable (strong wind) to very stable (weak wind) is analyzed using 10 levels of turbulence observations made at a 140 m micrometeorological mast near the southeastern Brazilian coast. The combination of synoptic and local flow favors the systematic occurrence of such a transition, typically 5 to 7 h after sunset. The regime transition is marked by decreases in temperature, wind speed, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and absolute heat flux. The decrease in temperature is often abrupt and the inflection point in the temperature series marks the regime transition. Absolute heat flux peaks before the transition during the weakly stable period, while temperature variance peaks near the transition. Composites from 36 cases when the cooling rate exceeded 2 °C/h are used to describe the vertical structure of the stable boundary layer (SBL) in both regimes. For these abrupt transitions, dimensionless variables that relate thermal and mechanical properties of the flow are compared as indicators of the SBL regime, and the gradient Richardson number is found to be better for that purpose. The absolute heat flux is shown to be proportional to the cube of the wind speed only in the strong wind limit of the very stable regime. Simulations of similar transitions using a second‐order model are described in Part II.
Accelerating Deep Learning Workloads Through Efficient Multi-Model Execution

Deep neural networks (DNNs) with millions of parameters are increasingly being applied across a variety of domains. GPUs the compute platform of choice for DNNs have become progressively more powerful to keep pace with this growing computational demand. However, many multi-model workloads are unable to leverage the available computational capacity of modern GPUs. For example, model search applications use smaller models to automatically design model architectures for a given task, and low-latency model serving applications operate in small minibatch regimes. We show that the natural baseline of simply launching GPU operations from different models in parallel fails to provide substantial speedups due to data transfer, memory-bound kernels, and the overhead of kernel launches for short-duration kernels. We propose HiveMind, a system designed specifically to optimize multi-model deep learning workloads. HiveMind optimizes a “model batch” by performing cross-model operator fusion, and sharing I/O across models. HiveMind then uses a parallel runtime to efficiently execute this fused graph. Preliminary results show HiveMind can accelerate simple hyperparameter tuning and multi-model inference workloads by up to 10× on NVIDIA P100 and V100 GPUs compared to sequential model execution.
A Low-Noise Transmission-Type Yttrium Iron Garnet Tuned Oscillator Based on a SiGe MMIC and Bond-Coupling Operating up to 48 GHz

Wideband and low-noise tunable oscillators at microwave frequencies are crucial within microwave frequency synthesizers and key to high-end measurement systems based on electromagnetic sensing in the microwave range as well as in the terahertz (THz) and sub-THz range. This paper presents a novel, wideband, and low-noise differential yttrium iron garnet (YIG) tuned oscillator. It is based on a SiGe monolithic microwave integrated circuit and a transmission-type YIG resonator. The integrated circuit contains a fully differential amplifier as a part of the oscillator core. The resonator was realized by two orthogonal, crossed pad-to-pad bonds and an YIG sphere, which is positioned between those bonds and the integrated circuit. To design and optimize the oscillator, an equivalent circuit modeling the resonator was developed. Concerning the tuning range and the phase noise, the results of the circuit simulations are in good agreement with the measurements. Two oscillators with different lengths of the inductive load transmission line were realized. First, the oscillator with a short transmission line offers very high-oscillation frequencies with a tuning range from 32.0 to 48.2 GHz. It exhibits an excellent phase noise of less than −119dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 100kHz for oscillation frequencies up to 42GHz. Second, the oscillator with a longer transmission line length offers a tuning range from 19.1 to 41.4 GHz. This configuration exhibits an excellent phase noise of less than −120dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 100 kHz for oscillation frequencies up to 38GHz.
Linguistic Distances Based on Counting of Equal Sounds in Numerals from 1 to 10 in Different Language Groups

The relative frequency of equal sounds in pairs of adjacent numerals from 1 to 10 in languages of eleven language groups is a basis for calculation of linguistic distances. By this criterion, the Slavic languages form a cluster separated from all other tested languages. Of other languages, Avestan and Sanskrit are the closest to them. The Germanic languages form another cluster but this cluster is within the space of other tested languages, which are widely dispersed. This is an additional indication that the aboriginal Proto-Indo-European was Proto-Slavic and their speakers were the aboriginal Europeans: mainly the Y Chromosome haplogroup I, mtDNA haplogroup U people. In contact with newcomers of other language groups either the newcomers turned to Proto-Slavic, or the previously Proto-Slavic speakers lost their Proto-Slavic at all, or they turned the non-Indo-European newcomers into Indo-European. A novel time line for Nostratic studies is proposed.
Robustness of unconventional 
s
-wave superconducting states against disorder

We investigate the robustness against disorder of superconductivity in multiband systems where the fermions have four internal degrees of freedom. This permits unconventional $s$-wave pairing states, which may transform nontrivially under crystal symmetries. Using the self-consistent Born approximation, we develop a general theory for the effect of impurities on the critical temperature, and find that the presence of these novel $s$-wave channels significantly modifies the conclusions of single-band theories. We apply our theory to two candidate topological superconductors, YPtBi and Cu$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$, and show that the novel $s$-wave states display an enhanced resilience against disorder, which extends to momentum-dependent pairing states with the same crystal symmetry. The robustness of the $s$-wave states can be quantified in terms of their superconducting fitness, which can be readily evaluated for model systems.
Exploring exposure in vivo in chronic pain

In chronic pain patients, pain related fear considerably contributes to the maintenance of the experienced functional limitations. Pain related fear is fear of moving and/or fear of (renewed) injury, or fear of pain or other types of physical sensations, or fear of the future (for example of becoming restrained to a wheelchair, not being able to work anymore, or no longer being the person you always wanted to be). An exposure in vivo treatment (GEXP), in which patients are exposed step by step to the situations, activities or movements they are afraid of appears to be an effective treatment. Patients experience in various situations, both short and long term, fewer functional limitations and even less pain, and changes on the tissue level. Where traditional pain treatments often do not lead to the desired result, GEXP appears the appropriate treatment.
USING CONTEXT IN TEACHING ENGLISH IDIOMS TO ALBANIAN STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL IN KOSOVO.

Mirsad Suhodolli. South East European University, Faculty: Languages, Cultures and Communications, Department of English Language. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 05 May 2019 Final Accepted: 07 June 2019 Published: July 2019
Evidence for Rayleigh-Taylor Plasma Instability at the Front of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections

This work focuses on the interaction of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) with the ambient solar corona, by studying the spatial and temporal evolution of the density fluctuations observed by the SOHO/UV Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) during the CME. The investigation is performed by applying a wavelet analysis to the HI Ly α 1216 Å line intensity fluctuations observed with UVCS during the CME occurred on 24 December 2006. Strong and coherent fluctuations, with a significant spatial periodicity of about 84 Mm ≃ 0.12 R ⊙ , are shown to develop in about an hour along the front of the CME. The results seem to indicate the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability, susceptible to the deceleration of the heavier fluid of the CME front into the lighter surrounding coronal plasma, as the likely mechanism underlying the generation of the observed plasma fluctuations. This could be the first inference of the RT instability in the outer solar corona in UV, due to the transit of a CME front in the quiet coronal plasma; this interpretation is also supported by a linear magnetohydrodynamic analysis of the RT instability.
Academic maturity of students in an extended programme in mathematics

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the students who are registered in the University of Pretoria’s academic development programme, named the Four-year Programme (FYP). The programme was introduced as a gateway for students who are underprepared but have the potential to succeed and then continue their studies into the mainstream science programmes. Our research focuses on measuring the change in the academic maturity of these students. In the theoretical framework that we developed, academic maturity is subdivided into two components namely non-subject based maturity and subject based maturity (mathematical maturity). This paper focuses on measuring non-subject based academic maturity. The survey used for this purpose is called the Student Academic Readiness Survey (STARS), taken at the beginning of the year and after the first semester respectively. The results of the surveys are compared to measure the change in students’ views. Results show that in all constructs there is a surprising decline in students’ perceptions regarding their own abilities over the first semester at university. We use the Dunning–Kruger effect to explain this unexpected decline, in that students seem to develop a more realistic view of their own maturity, which in itself can be seen as a growth in academic maturity.
Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide

In the 2015 review paper ‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’ a comprehensive overview of the current status of high-power facilities of ${>}200~\text{TW}$ was presented. This was largely based on facility specifications, with some description of their uses, for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions, secondary source generation, and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification (CPA), which made these lasers possible, we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has developed. We are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online, with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under construction. In addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multi-disciplinary applications, which demands much higher repetition rates, delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths: mid-IR facilities. So apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status, we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes, and some of the critical issues facing their development.
Bipolar resistive switching with self-rectifying behaviors in p-type AgCr1−xMgxO2 thin films

Resistive random access memories with self-rectifying behaviors, in which the sneak-path issue in passive crossbar arrays can be alleviated without additional access devices, have been investigated recently. The applications of p-type transparent oxide semiconductors as a memory medium will pave the way for realizing all-transparent memories and integrating on the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. Here, Ag-based p-type delafossite AgCr 1 − x Mg x O 2 thin films were prepared onto n-Si wafers to investigate the resistive switching (RS) performance. Bipolar RS with self-rectifying behaviors were observed in the Au / AgCr 0.92 Mg 0.08 O 2 / n − Si sandwich structure, showing improved rectification ratio, On/Off ratio, and switching durability. The change of the oxygen vacancy concentration resulting from Mg doping plays a key role in determination of the RS. The intrinsic rectifying behavior in the low resistance state is attributed to the existence of a Schottky-like barrier in the AgCr 1 − x Mg x O 2 / n − Si p-n heterojunction. The RS behavior originates from the modification of the barrier, which is induced by the trapping/detrapping of charge carriers in oxygen vacancies at the interface. The results will provide novel RS devices based on p-type transparent delafossite thin films with a self-rectifying feature.Resistive random access memories with self-rectifying behaviors, in which the sneak-path issue in passive crossbar arrays can be alleviated without additional access devices, have been investigated recently. The applications of p-type transparent oxide semiconductors as a memory medium will pave the way for realizing all-transparent memories and integrating on the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. Here, Ag-based p-type delafossite AgCr 1 − x Mg x O 2 thin films were prepared onto n-Si wafers to investigate the resistive switching (RS) performance. Bipolar RS with self-rectifying behaviors were observed in the Au / AgCr 0.92 Mg 0.08 O 2 / n − Si sandwich structure, showing improved rectification ratio, On/Off ratio, and switching durability. The change of the oxygen vacancy concentration resulting from Mg doping plays a key role in determination of the RS. The intrinsic rectifying behavior in the low resistance state is attributed to the existence of a Schottky-like barr.
pharmacotherapy Update: Risperidone in the Treatment of schizophrenia

The paper is a review of the clinical use of risperidone, an antipsychotic introduced in the treatment of schizophrenia in 1994. Randomized controlled trials, naturalistic studies and extensive clinical experience have definitively shown strong efficacy and effectiveness of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. On the basis of available evidence, no other antipsychotic drug has shown superior clinical effectiveness in the treatment of psychotic disorders, with the significant exception of clozapine. The wide use of risperidone in the last 15 years has confirmed a favorable safety index. Some features of risperidone render it uniquely useful in the management of psychotic disorders, including a very wide range of dosage, availability in liquid and long-term injectable forms. Finally, the drug is currently available in generic form, at lower cost. However, risperidone presents major limitations. A substantial number of patients with psychotic symptoms do not respond to risperidone, whatever its dose. Most of these patients will need clozapine. For some risperidone treated patients, extrapyramidal side effects remain a serious concern. Weight gain, metabolic syndrome, and hyperprolactinemia related side effects are frequent and may be severe, unacceptable, and even dangerous in some patients.
Kinetics of Enhancement for Corneal Cross-linking: Proposed Model for a Two-initiator System

Aims: To derive kinetic equations and analytic formulas for efficacy enhancement of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in a 2-initiator system. Study Design: Modeling the kinetics of CXL. Place and Duration of Study: Taipei, Taiwan, between between January 2019 to June, 2019. Methodology: Coupled rate equations are derived for two initiators system for a type-II process, consisting of a primary initiator (PA), and a co-initiator (PB) as an enhancer, having 3 cross linking pathways: Two radical-mediated (or electron transfer) pathways, and one oxygen-mediated (or energy transfer) pathway. For a type-II process, the triplet state T* interacts with the co-initiator, PB, to form the primary radicals R’, and an active intermediates radical, R, which could interact with the substrate [M] for crosslink, or be inhibited by oxygen [O2], or bimolecular termination. Rate equations, based on lifetime of triplet-state and oxygen singlet-state, are used to analyze the measured results in a rose-Bengal system with an enhanced initiator. Results: Additive enhancer-monomer of arginine added to a rose Bengal photosensitizer may enhance the production of free radicals under a green-light CXL. D2O may extends the lifetime of oxygen singlet state and thus improve the efficacy. Our formulas predicted features are consistent with the measured results. Conclusion: Efficacy may be improved by enhancer-monomer or extended lifetime of photosensitizer triplet-state or oxygen singlet state.
Vitamin D Supplementation Practices during Pregnancy and Infancy among a Sample of Muslim Women in Ireland and Saudi Arabia

7 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION . 8 1.1 Background of the Research . 8 1.2 Motivation . 9 1.3 Purpose of the Study . 10 1.4 Approach of the Study . 10 1.5 The structure of the Study . 10 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 2.1 Vitamin D Metabolism and Functions . 12 2.1.1 Definition . 12 2.1.2 Sources of Vitamin D . 12 2.1.3 Metabolism and Functions of Vitamin D . 13 2.1.4 Vitamin D Status . 16 2.1.4.1.1 Exposure to the sun . 16 2.1.4.1.2 Geographical Factors . 17 2.1.4.1.3 Skin Pigmentation and Sunscreen use . 17 2.1.4.1.4 Culture influences . 18
Adjoint sensitivity and optimal perturbations of the low-speed jet in cross-flow

The tri-global stability and sensitivity of the low-speed jet in cross-flow are studied using the adjoint equations and finite-time horizon optimal disturbance analysis at Reynolds number $Re=2000$ , based on the average velocity at the jet exit, the jet nozzle exit diameter and the kinematic viscosity of the jet, for two jet-to-cross-flow velocity ratios $R=2$ and $4$ . A novel capability is developed on unstructured grids and parallel platforms for this purpose. Asymmetric modes are more important to the overall dynamics at $R=4$ , suggesting increased sensitivity to experimental asymmetries at higher $R$ . Low-frequency modes show a connection to wake vortices. Adjoint modes show that the upstream shear layer is most sensitive to perturbations along the upstream side of the jet nozzle. Lower frequency downstream modes are sensitive in the cross-flow boundary layer. For $R=2$ , optimal analysis reveals that for short time horizons, asymmetric perturbations dominate and grow along the counter-rotating vortex pair observed in the cross-section. However, as the time horizon increases, large transient growth is observed along the upstream shear layer. When $R=4$ , the optimal perturbations for short time scales grow along the downstream shear layer. For long time horizons, they become hybrid modes that grow along both the upstream and downstream shear layers.
Relativistic Theory of the Interaction of Two-Dimensional Materials with Moving Charged Particles

Prompted by the recent surge of interest in integrating atomically thin layers of conducting materials into nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic devices; we propose, in this thesis, a theoretical framework to analyze the interaction of externally moving charged particles with twodimensional (2D) materials. The interactions of 2D materials with externally moving charged particles in the context of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has become a very popular experimental technique for exploring the plasmon excitations in 2D layered specimens over a broad range of frequencies. On the other hand, the technological need for a stable and tunable source of terahertz (THz) radiation has inspired researchers to explore the electromagnetic radiation from a family of 2D materials, induced by their interaction with fast charged particles. We present a fully relativistic analysis of the energy loss of a charged particle traversing such layers. We distinguish between two contributions to this process: (i) the energy deposited in the layers in the form of electronic excitations (Ohmic losses), which include excitation of 2D plasmon polariton (PP) modes, and (ii) the energy emitted in the far-field region in the form of transition radiation. Owing to the proposed theoretical framework, we study various structures consisting of isotropic and anisotropic conducting and semiconducting sheets with different trajectories of the incident charged particles, including single and multiple parallel layers of graphene under normal incidence of charged particles and single-layer graphene and phosphorene under oblique incidence, in broad ranges of frequency, incident particle’s speed, and its angle of incidence relative to the layers. Suitable models for the 2D conductivity of each layer are chosen to represent: (a) excitation of the Dirac PP (DPP) mode in doped graphene in the THz range, (b) interband transitions in graphene in the range from infrared to ultraviolet frequencies, and (c) hyperbolic plasmon modes in doped phosphorene at the THz to mid-infrared frequencies. Among other findings, we observe that, for multilayer graphene, strong asymmetries arise in the Ohmic losses and in the radiation spectra with respect to the direction of motion of the incident particle. These asymmetries are explained by hybridization taking place between DPPs in different layers, which is found to be strongly affected by the interlayer distances and the differences in the doping densities of those layers. In addition, we explore the possibility of exciting the so-called transverse plasmon mode in graphene as well as the directionality of exciting anisotropic plasmons in phosphorene by an obliquely incident charged particle. Our findings may help in the ongoing studies of plasmon excitations in 2D materials via EELS, as well as in exploring the possibility of designing a THz radiation source using an electron beam.
Yılanlarda Soğuk Ortam Tekniği ile Tüm Vücut Silikon Plastinasyonu

Plastinasyon; ornek icerisindeki doku sivilarinin, organik bir solvent araciligiyla, reaktif bir polimer ile yer degistirmesidir. Bilindigi uzere soguk ortam silikon plastinasyonunun 5 temel asamasi vardir. Bu asamalar plastine edilecek preparatin anatomik ve histolojik ozelliklerine gore degistirilebilir veya modifiye edilebilir. Surungen orneklerinin hazirlanmasi ve uzun sure muhafazasinin saglanabilmesi, guvenilir bir anatomik metot, teknik beceri ve deneyim gerektirir. Bu baglamda plastinasyonun amaca uygun bir yontem olarak one cikmasina ragmen, pullu surungenlerin plastinasyonu uzerine kurgulanmis makaleler oldukca yetersizdir. Bu calismanin amaci; pullu surungenlerin soguk ortam teknigiyle tum vucut silikon plastinasyonunu detaylariyla degerlendirmek, memeli ve surungen plastinasyon prosedurlerini birbiriyle karsilastirmaktir. Ayrica pullu surungenlerin plastinasyonu icin bir protokol oturtmak da amaclanmistir. Bu calisma icin iki adet tatli su yilani ile iki adet karayilan kullanilmistir. Ornekler sirasiyla kisa sureli fiksasyon, dehidrasyon, impregnasyon ve gaz kurleme-sertlestirme islemlerine tabi tutulmus, yagdan arindirma asamasi temel adimlardan biri olmasina ragmen uygulanmamistir. Her asamada sicaklik, konsantrasyon, sure gibi parametreler duzenli olarak kaydedilmistir. Orneklerin dogal morfolojik ozelliklerini korumasi ve derinin dogal rengini kaybetmemesi icin kisa sureli formalin fiksasyonu tercih edilmistir. Deri renginin biraz kararmasina ragmen bu fiksasyon tekniginin amaca uygun oldugu dusunulmustur. Dehidrasyon asamasinda 2 defa uygulanan aseton banyosu yeterli gorulmustur. Impregnasyon sureci beklenenden kisa surede tamamlanmistir. Plastine edilen orneklerin sadece elastik degil, ayni zamanda surungen anatomisi derslerinde kullanilabilecek kadar dayanikli oldugu gorulmustur.