Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Productivity enhancement of salt‐affected environments through crop diversification

Recent trends and future demographic projections suggest that the need to produce more food and fibre will necessitate effective utilization of salt‐affected land and saline water resources. Currently at least 20 per cent of the world's irrigated land is salt affected and/or irrigated with waters containing elevated levels of salts. Several major irrigation schemes have suffered from the problems of salinity and sodicity, reducing their agricultural productivity and sustainability. Productivity enhancement of salt‐affected land and saline water resources through crop‐based management has the potential to transform them from environmental burdens into economic opportunities. Research efforts have led to the identification of a number of field crops, forage grasses and shrubs, aromatic and medicinal species, bio‐fuel crops, and fruit tree and agroforestry systems, which are profitable and suit a variety of salt‐affected environments. Several of these species have agricultural significance in terms of their local utilization on the farm. Therefore, crop diversification systems based on salt‐tolerant plant species are likely to be the key to future agricultural and economic growth in regions where salt‐affected soils exist, saline drainage waters are generated, and/or saline aquifers are pumped for irrigation. However, such systems will need to consider three issues: improving the productivity per unit of salt‐affected land and saline water resources, protecting the environment and involving farmers in the most suitable and sustainable crop diversifying systems to mitigate any perceived risks. This review covers different aspects of salt‐affected land and saline water resources, synthesizes research knowledge on salinity/sodicity tolerances in different plant species, and highlights promising examples of crop diversification and management to improve and maximize benefits from these resources. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of NPK Levels on Performance of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

India is the fourth largest oilseed economy in the world. Rapeseed-mustard contributes 28.6% in the total oilseeds production among the seven edible oilseeds cultivated in India and ranks second after groundnut sharing 27.8% in the India’s oilseed economy (Singh et al., 2017). Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is predominantly cultivated in the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat and some non-traditional areas of South India including Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. The mustard growing regions in India are having vast diversity in the agro climatic conditions and different species of rapeseed-mustard are grown in some part of the country. Gujarat stands second in yield among the mustard growing states in India. In Gujarat important mustard growing districts in north Gujarat are Banaskantha, Patan, Mahesana, Sabarkantha, Kutchh and Gandhinagar districts covered nearly 95% of total mustard growing area of Gujarat state. Although a number of factors are responsible for low productivity mainly imbalance fertilization. Apart from improved varieties and judicious use of irrigation water without accompanying use of adequate amount of nutrients leads to nutrient mining and imbalance, resulting in now a day we are facing crisis of low soil fertility, hidden International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 1986-1990 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Evaluation of Addition of Low Dose Midazolam to a Mixture of Low Dose Ketamine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Given in Subarachnoid Block in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgery

1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anaesthesiology, S.S. G. Hospital and Baroda Medical College, Vadodara 2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of General Surgery, S.S. G. Hospital and Baroda Medical College, Vadodara 3 Resident Doctor, Dept. of General Surgery, S.S. G. Hospital and Baroda Medical College, Vadodara Corresponding Author Dr Sushil M. Damor (M.S., FMAS, FIAGES) B-26, Navrang Society, Karodia Road, Gorwa, Vadodara390016 Email: sushil.damor@gmail.com Abstract Background: Dr Bion used Ketamine first time intrathecally in patients wounded during war time. Intrathecal ketamine produced significant analgesia with stable haemodynamics. Combination of intrathecal Ketamine and Midazolam with Bupivacaine might have the advantages of Stable haemodynamics, prolonged duration of analgesia, synergism could reduce dose requirements, increase therapeutic index and reduce toxicity. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate addition of low dose Midazolam to a mixture of low dose Ketamine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in subarachnoid block in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery to study spinal blockade characteristic, duration and quality of analgesia and side effect profile in addition to post operative analgesia. Materials and Methods: A randomized study was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesiology, Govt. Medical College and SSG Hospital, Baroda between the periods of July 2009 to Feb 2010 with 60 patients, 30 in each group of both sexes. Results and Conclusions: Combination of Ketamine in low dose with Bupivacaine provides stable haemodynamics without any behavioural and central side effects. Addition of Midazolam in low dose to a mixture of low dose Ketamine and Bupivacaine when given intrathecally prolongs the duration of surgical anaesthesia and pain free interval without affecting the other parameters and complications of subarachnoid block.
Effects of elevated CO 2 and N fertilization on plant and soil carbon pools of managed grasslands: a meta-analysis

Abstract. Elevated atmospheric CO2 levels and increasing nitrogen deposition both stimulate plant production in terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, nitrogen deposition could alleviate an increasing nitrogen limitation experienced by plants exposed to elevated CO2 concentrations. However, an increased rate of C flux through the soil compartment as a consequence of elevated CO2 concentrations has been suggested to limit C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, questioning the potential for terrestrial C uptake to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Our study used data from 77 published studies applying elevated CO2 and/or N fertilization treatment to monitor carbon storage potential in grasslands, and considered the influence of management practices involving biomass removal or irrigation on the elevated CO2 effects. Our results confirmed a positive effect of elevated CO2 levels and nitrogen fertilization on plant growth, but revealed that N availability is essential for the increased C influx under elevated CO2 to propagate into belowground C pools. However, moderate nutrient additions also promoted decomposition processes in elevated CO2, reducing the potential for increased soil C storage. An important role was attributed to the CO2 response of root biomass in soil carbon responses to elevated CO2, since there was a lower potential for increases in soil C content when root biomass increased. Future elevated CO2 concentrations and increasing N deposition might thus increase C storage in plant biomass, but the potential for increased soil C storage is limited.
Title Cuticular Hydrocarbon Cues Are Used for Host Acceptance by Pseudacteon spp . Phorid Flies that Attack Azteca sericeasur Ants Permalink

Parasitoids often use complex cues to identify suitable hosts in their environment. Phorid fly parasitoids that develop on one or a few host species often use multiple cues, ranging from general to highly specific, to home in on an appropriate host. Here, we describe the hierarchy of cues that Pseudacteon phorid flies use to identify Azteca ant hosts. We show, through behavioral observations in the field, that phorid flies are attracted to two cryptic Azteca species, but only attack Azteca sericeasur (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae). To test whether the phorid flies use cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) to distinguish between the two Azteca taxa, we first documented and compared cuticular hydrocarbons of the two Azteca taxa using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Then, using cuticular hydrocarbon-transfer experiments with live ants, we characterized the cuticular hydrocarbons of A. sericeasur as a short-range, host location cue used by P. lasciniosus (Diptera: Phoridae) to locate the ants.
A Literature Review of Empirical Studies of Philanthropy

The authors present an overview of the academic literature on charitable giving based on a literature review of more than 500 articles. They structure their review around the central question of why people donate money to charitable organizations. They identify eight mechanisms as the most important forces that drive charitable giving: (a) awareness of need; (b) solicitation; (c) costs and benefits; (d) altruism; (e) reputation; (f) psychological benefits; (g) values; (h) efficacy. These mechanisms can provide a basic theoretical framework for future research explaining charitable giving.
FINAL-FOCUS SYSTEM FOR CLIC AT 3 TEV

We describe a base-line optics for a 3-TeV final-focus system of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). The proposed system consists of an initial beta-matching region, two chromatic correction sections, and a final transformer, and it provides a total demagnification by a factor 90 horizontally and 346 vertically. The length per side amounts to 3.3 km. The effect of synchrotron radiation and higher-order aberrations is minimised by an odd dispersion function in the chromatic correction section. For a total flat energy spread of 1%, the system promises a luminosity of about 80% of the ideal. The 20‐30% spot-size dilutions in the two transverse planes reflect a trade-off between the Oide effect and higher-order chromo-geometric aberrations.
An Investigation on Ground Reaction Force During Biped Normal Walking

In this paper after reviewing the history of biomechanical researches on biped movement, in order to achieve a deep insight on the structure and bio mechanics of human body, capability of proposed simple models in predicting ground reaction force (GRF) pattern has been investigated and finally an optimized inverted double pendulum with compliant joints is suggested. The results for GRF pattern du ring single stance phase for this model were incredibly satisfactory. Beside the great potentials of invert ed double pendulum with compliant joints model in explaining the double peak appearance of vertical G RF, it also follows well the kinematical behavior of hu man leg during single stance phase. These results can b e applied vastly in optimizing biped robots and also can be used in other fields like biomechanics, kinesiol ogy and rehabilitation technology.
On the barometric formula

The barometric formula, relating the pressure p(z) of an isothermal, ideal gas of molecular mass m at some height z to its pressure p(0) at height z=0, is discussed. After a brief historical review, several derivations are given. Generalizations of the barometric formula for a nonuniform gravitational field and for a vertical temperature gradient are also presented.
Haematological indices, nutritional assessment and mortality outcome of children presenting with severe malaria to a tertiary hospital in Ghana

Background: Severe malaria in children remains the commonest clinical disease in the paediatric emergency units of most hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa. Anaemia and nutritional deficiency are associated with severe malaria. The aim of the study was to describe the haematological indices, nutritional status and mortality among children admitted in a tertiary hospital in Ghana with severe malaria. Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study documenting the haematological, nutritional indices and mortality outcomes of children less than five years reporting to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital with severe malaria. Results: The study recruited four-hundred-and-eight (408) children between April, 2005 and July, 2006. There were 231 males (57%). The median age was 21 months, (1QR: 4-54months). 36 (8.8%) patients had weight-for-age z-score -2, 3.3% (RR=1.7, 95%CI: 1.1-2.6, P=0.038). Conclusion: Malaria in children under five remains a principal cause of morbidity and mortality. The study did not find any association between the haemoglobin levels and the nutritional status. However, Mortality was associated with malnutrition (weight-for-age z-score â‰¤-2) in this study.
Economics meets statistics: Expected utility and catastrophic risk ∗

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the utility function of the expected utility model to avoid fragility of a cost-benefit analysis to distributional assumptions. The conditions ensure that expected (marginal) utility remains finite also under heavy-tailed distributional assumptions. We apply these conditions to the context of economy-climate catastrophe. We specify a stylized two-period stochastic economy-climate model. We show that, under expected power utility, the model is fragile to heavy-tailed distributional assumptions and, based on our derived conditions, we solve the model for two cases with compatible economic and statistical assumptions.
Population genomics of Salish Sea chum salmon: The legacy of the salmonid whole genome duplication

The common ancestor of salmonids underwent a whole genome duplication approximately 88 million years ago. This duplication event still has a lasting impact on the form and structure of salmon genomes today and is evident in many duplicated genes and ongoing residual tetrasomic inheritance. This duplication also serves to complicate genetic analyses, as paralogous genes and sequences are difficult to distinguish, and often fully excluded prior to study. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate how to incorporate duplicated loci into genetic studies of salmonids using high-throughput sequencing of chum salmon from the Salish Sea. In the first chapter, I develop a method to resolve paralogous loci within a pedigree and include them on a high-density linkage map. I show that paralogous loci are concentrated in 16 regions near the ends of linkage groups. These regions are inferred to have ongoing residual tetrasomic inheritance and we find that they have a lower incidence of transposable elements than the rest of the genome, a possible explanation for their stability since the whole genome duplication. In the second chapter, I use the discovered paralogous loci in a population genetic study of 10 collections of chum salmon from the Salish Sea. I compare genetic diversity and population structure at paralogous and non-paralogous loci and conduct a genome scan for association with run timing. I demonstrate that it is possible to characterize paralogous loci in wild populations and that they show similar patterns of population structure as the rest of the genome. The genome scan reveals genomic regions of elevated association with run timing, highlighting the potential downside of excluding paralogous loci in studies looking for genetic signals of adaptation.
Women’s Labor Force Participation in Urban China, 1990–2010

Abstract: Using a series of survey and census/mini-census data, this paper explores the trends of women’s labor force participation (WLFP) and estimates the key factors affecting women’s labor supply in urban China between 1990 and 2010. Our results show that WLFP in urban China had changed dramatically from 1990 to 2010. The rates of WLFP had dropped drastically during the 1990s and early 2000s. In 2003, WLFP showed a steady trend of increase. Since 2003, WLFP had become more and more responsive to incomes from other family members. Specifically, women from poorer families have been more likely to join the labor force over time. We argue that Chinese women’s labor supply had been driven by different social or economic forces in different historical stages. From 1990 to 2003, the sharp decline of WLFP may have been caused by institutional transformation (market transition) starting from early 1980s and the radical layoff policy of publicly-owned enterprises (POEs) in the late 1990s. The steady increase of WLFP since 2003 may have been driven by the surge of living costs (e.g., housing, education, and healthcare) in urban China.
The relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction and organizational commitment of librarians in Libraries affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences

This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction and organizational commitment of librarians in libraries which are affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. This was cross-sectional survey study. The population consisted of all librarians in Iran University of Medical Sciences libraries. The research tools included Spreitzer’s Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire, Visoki and Chrome’s Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Allen & Meyer Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. The analysis of findings showed that the librarians considered their career goals as important and valuable, successfully performed their assigned tasks, had a sense of belonging and commitment to organization, and enjoyed from their membership.
CEO Replacement under Private Information

We study a model of “information-based entrenchment” in which the CEO has private information that the board needs to make an efficient replacement decision. Eliciting the CEO’s private information is costly, as it implies that the board must pay the CEO both higher severance pay and higher on-the-job pay. While higher CEO pay is associated with higher turnover in our model, there is too little turnover in equilibrium. Our model makes novel empirical predictions relating CEO turnover, severance pay, and on-the-job pay to firm-level attributes such as size, corporate governance, and the quality of the firm’s accounting system.
Exploring the Relationship of Personality , Loneliness , and Online Social Support with Interned Addiction and Procrastination

The prevalent use of internet among young generation is interfering negatively with their academic, social, and psychological functioning. Internet users, particularly students, indulge in a multitude of online activities that may distract them from their important routine assignments. In an effort to explore its antecedents and consequences, the present study investigated role of personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism), loneliness, and online social support in initiating internet addiction and its impact on procrastination. Role of age, gender, and level of education in internet addiction and procrastination were also explored. Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998), Extraversion and Neuroticism subscales of International Personality Item Pool (Goldberg, 1999), Wittenberg Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (Wittenberg, 1986), Online Social Support Network Scale (Moody, 2001), and General Procrastination Scale (Lay, 1986) were administered on 301 students (109 males, 192 females), with age ranging between 14 to 33 years, from different educational institutes of Islamabad. Results revealed no relevance of age, gender and education to internet addiction. Neuroticism, social, loneliness, and online social support were found significantly positively related to internet addiction. Furthermore, internet addiction was found significantly associated with procrastination after statistically controlling the effects of age, gender, neuroticism, loneliness, and online social support. The results bear significance in the academic settings, as internet addiction and procrastination may affect academic performance and interpersonal relationships of students.
Advantages of Bilingualism and Multilingualism: Multidimensional Research Findings

Bilingualism and multilingualism are often perceived and considered as a problem or a major challenge to individual and/or societal development. In most instances, the only advantage recognized for the bilingual individual is the ability to use two or more lan- guages. Beyond that, monolingualism seems more attractive, and monolinguals espe cially those speaking a language of wider communication seem quite content with their lot, often adopting a condescending attitude toward minority native speakers of a mother tongue who in addition have to acquire their language. Adepts of the ideology of monolingual habitus (one nation, one language) have tended to consider multilingualism and linguistic diversity as a curse and an obstacle to nation building. This chapter argues against the above ideology through a compendium of empirical evidence of advantages of individual bilingualism, societal multilingualism, and linguistic diversity of nations that emerge from research findings in the last several decades.
THE EFFECTS OF AEROBIC TRAINING AND ARBUTIN ON GLP1 AND GLP1R IN DIABETES RATS

The aim of this study was showed effects of aerobic training (AT) and arbutin on GLP-1 and GLP-1R in diabetes rats. Experimental study was done on 42 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, diabetes, arbutin, arbutin/diabetes, diabetes/AT and diabetes/AT/arbutin. AT program consisted of running on a treadmill with 15-22 m/min intensity for 25-64 min, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Arbutin supplemented was injected with 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally. An alloxan-induced rat (90 mg/kg) model of hyperglycaemia was used to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic. For determined the concentrations of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) by ELISA kits, serum samples taken from all groups after72 h cessation of AT and arbutin. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and dependent t-tests. After eight weeks, results showed reduces GLP-1 and GLP1R levels in diabetic group than in the control group (P<0.05). Administration of the arbutin (at doses of 500 mg/kg/day), AT and combination of AT/arbutin significantly increased the GLP-1 and GLP1R levels in alloxan-treated hyperglycaemic rats (p=0.001). This study demonstrated that a AT course along with the use of arbutin increase the GLP-1 and GLP1R levels in rats with alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia, also AT showed more effectiveness.
Domestic violence against infertile women

Objective: To identify the indicators of domestic violence (DV) aiming infertile women. Patients and Methods: Cross sectional analytic study was conducted in infertility clinics of Maternity Hospital Minia University during the period from January 2014 to December 2014.Women asked to answer a validated questioner during the interview. Questions involved aiming to assess frequency, type and indicators of violence against infertile women. Results: 201 women accepted participation in our study, mean age was 23.9 ± 6.2 years. Among women suffered from violence, 65.7%were housewives, 72% secondary education and 37.8% medium socioeconomic standard. Verbal violence was the most common. Violence often occurred. Most common women reaction was no response to violence, a part from ask for family support. Main indicators of violence are educational level of husband, the presence of second marriage and increase duration of infertility. Type of infertility is not a risk factor for violence. Conclusion: Infertile women are susceptible to violence. All women attended infertility clinics must be screened for presence of violence and offered adequate support. Healthcare staff should consider husband attendance and good counseling about the drawback of all types of violence.