Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precision Farming or Convenience Agriculture

Profitability issues have constrained adoption of precision agriculture. Recently a question has been raised about role of management time in the adoption of precision agriculture. It has been hypothesized that producers prefer convenient technologies which economize on management time, to those which require more analysis and decision making. This paper provides an overview of the current status of precision agriculture worldwide, a summary of the economic studies of the technology and an examination of the convenience agriculture hypothesis. Both availability and cost of management time appear to be issues for adoption of precision farming technology. Some precision farming technologies appear to use very little on-farm management time under U.S. conditions, either because they are usually out-sourced, or because they mainly affect logistics and do not require data analysis. Some stand-alone precision farming technologies yield low returns even without charging for management time and they would look even worse if management time were deducted. For the most profitable of precision farming practices returns seem to be high enough to pay average management costs. The willingness of traditional U.S. producers to undertake the computer analysis and decision making may be a greater constraint than the opportunity cost of the time because many producers chose agriculture for the active outdoor lifestyle and are reluctant to spend time in front of a computer. The unwillingness of U.S. producers to commit management time to precision agriculture may signal an opportunity for outsourcing the data analysis and recommendation development.
Factors of Non-acceptance of the Routine HIV Test among Patients Attending a District Hospital in Botswana

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the willingness to do HIV test and find factors for non-acceptance of routine HIV testing among patients attending Athlone hospital in Botswana. This was a cross-sectional study in which 300 conveniently selected participants completed self-administered questionnaire. Results indicated that the average score for willingness to test was 9.25 (range 1 to 12) and the non-acceptance of the routine HIV test was found to be 24.91 (range of score 1 to 33). Majority (72%) responded positively that patients were testing freely. Almost two-third (64.7%) of the respondents agreed that stigma and discrimination contributed towards refusal to test for HIV. Almost three quarters (73%) feared for positive result and 40.3% agreed that attitude of health care workers was a barrier for RHT. The study found great support and acceptance of routine HIV testing. However there were still concerns of stigma, discrimination and attitudes of health care workers which were discouraging.
Auditory selective attention as a method for a brain computer interface

The object of this study was to design a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) based on auditory selective attention (ASA). ASA is a promising paradigm for a BCI, as focusing attention does not requite a lot of training, whereas the possibility of offering a large number of possible targets facilitates a high bit rate. In this study subjects focused attention on one tone out of two. The two tones were separated in space and pitch, and each tone was frequency tagged by means of amplitude modulation (AM). AM tones are known to evoke an auditory steady state response (ASSR) at the am frequency, and previous research has demonstrated that the power of this ASSR is increased by selective attention. To detect the direction of the subject’s attention, features were calculated that characterized the ASSR. Subsequently, a classifier was trained based on linear discriminant analysis. The best results were obtained with a feature that consisted of the real and imaginary parts of the Fourier transformed signal at the am-frequency. Electrodes above the auditory cortices yielded the best results. On perception data, single trial classification reached a classification rate of 80%. On attention data, the best classification rate was 68%. The current BCI achieved a bit rate of 3.78 bits/min, which is moderate compared to other BCI-systems. We will discuss several procedures for improvement.
Pruning at a Glance: A Structured Class-Blind Pruning Technique for Model Compression

High performance of deep learning models typically comes at cost of considerable model size and computation time. These factors limit applicability for deployment on memory and battery constraint devices such as mobile phones or embedded systems. In this work we propose a novel pruning technique that eliminates entire filters and neurons according to their relative L1-norm as compared to the rest of the network, yielding more compression and decreased redundancy in the parameters. The resulting network is non-sparse, however, much more compact and requires no special infrastructure for its deployment. We prove the viability of our method by achieving 97.4%, 47.8% and 53% compression of LeNet-5, ResNet-56 and ResNet-110 respectively, exceeding state-of-the-art compression results reported on ResNet without losing any performance compared to the baseline. Our approach does not only exhibit good performance, but is also easy to implement on many architectures.
Crossover analysis of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data

In its first 15 months of continuous operation, the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instrument aboard Mars Global Surveyor ranged to Mars over 330 million times, generating more than 5000 orbital profiles, with a ranging precision of 0.4 m over smooth terrain. The accuracy of the profiles depends on knowledge of the spacecraft position, orientation, and observation time, which are subject to errors. We model these errors via the analysis of over 24 million altimetric crossovers. A quasiperiodic, once per revolution adjustment of the ground tracks as a function of time in three locally orthogonal directions minimizes the altimetric residuals via least-squares. Using a sparse matrix technique, computational effort scales linearly with the number of crossovers and only marginally with the number of parameters. Orbital errors mainly result from poor modeling of spacecraft thrusting events in the absence of tracking. Seasonal effects, likely due to changing thermal environment, as well as residual miscalibrations, are evident in the pointing solutions. Incorporating multiple parameters per revolution significantly improves crossover residuals, and resolves pointing aberrations during orbital transitions from night to day. Altimetry from the adjusted tracks generates a topographic model whose accuracy is typically better than 1 m vertically with respect to the center of mass of Mars. The centroid position of each MOLA shot is typically accurate to ∼100 m horizontally. Terrain models from accurately located lidar data can be gradient-shaded to illuminate geological structures with 1 in 1000 slopes that are invisible to cameras. Temporal changes in elevation (e.g., frost deposition/ablation) at decimeter levels may also be assessed using crossovers, but results must be interpreted with caution due to uncertainties in range walk correction.
Digestibility of Three Fish Species by Double-Crested Cormorants

I determined daily energy requirements of captive Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and their metabolizable energy coefficients (MECs) for three fish species: channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Ad libitum intake ranged from 264 to 503 g-bird-' day-' among tests, resulting in metabolizable energy values of 616 to 1,334 kJ kg-' day-'. Ninety percent of the marker carmine red was recovered in 48 hr, suggesting that collection periods should be ca. three days to determine digestion efficiencies. Estimated MECs ranged from 77.9% to 89.2% among fish diets, with bluegill < channel catfish = gizzard shad. No seasonal differences were found for MECs of catfish. Nitrogen corrections reduced MECs to approximately 75% for bluegill, 78% for gizzard shad, and 79% for channel catfish.
Muscle contractile properties on different sport surfaces using tensiomyography

Propose: the propose of this study was to discover the influence of sand and natural grass on muscle overuse in female rugby players after an induced fatigue test. Methods: the participants of this study were 15 female amateur rugby players (23.4 ± 4.42 years). RSA Test consisted of six-sprints of 40 m (20 + 20 m) and was performed in two different surfaces (natural grass and sand). Before and immediately after completing the RSA, the contractile capacity of the biceps femoris and the rectus femoris of both legs was evaluated through Tensiomyography (TMG). Results : players also did 2 CMJ jumps before and after the RSA to assess the muscle fatigue. CMJ jump high decreased (-2.89 cm; ES= 0.67; IC: to -4.59 to -1.18) after having performed the RSA Test on sand versus natural grass. Rectus femoris presented higher values of Tc (11.66 ms; ES= 1.00; IC: 4.03 to 9.29; p ≤0.01) and Dm (1.20 mm; ES= 0.80; IC: 0.21 to 2.61; p <0.05) on sand than on natural grass after finishing the RSA while the biceps femoris do not display any differences regarding surfaces. Conclusion : therefore, muscular response on rectus femoris after repetitive-sprint-actions differ between different surfaces (sand and natural grass).
Labour pains: Starting a career within the neo-liberal university

This paper explores how Early Career Academics (ECAs) come to understand their future and the nature of their academic labour at a time when the profession as a whole faces increasingly uncertain and challenging working conditions. Focusing on a group of 20 ECAs with an allegiance to Critical Management Studies (CMS), we explore how they attempt to find their feet and to practise in ways compatible with their own values within environments and evaluation systems potentially at odds with their CMS agendas. We draw on Bourdieu’s theory of practice and his concepts of ‘hysteresis’ and ‘illusio’ to understand the various transitions they have to make to practise in this academic field and why they feel the investment is nevertheless worthwhile. In so doing we paint a rich description of the often painful experiences of this group and identify a series of disjunctures between their habitus and the current field. We then explore how they use these disjunctures as springboards for learning how to manoeuver within the field through developing what we term a ‘critical’ habitus. We argue that their role as outsiders and their experiences of disjuncture might help these ECAs to negotiate the complex field, not only in working out the rules of the game but also in developing a facility to bend them and develop their own personal rules.
Quantitative Models for Centralised Supply Chain Coordination

The effectiveness of coordina tion in supply chains could be measured in two ways: reduction in total supply chain costs and enhanced coordination services provided to the end customer ⎯ and to all players in the supply chain. Inventory is the highest cost in a supply chain accounting for almost 50% of the total logistics costs. Integrating order quantities models among players in a supply chain is a method of achieving coordination. For coordination to be successful, incentive schemes must be adopted. The literature on supply chain coordination have proposed several incentive schemes for coordination; such as quantity discounts, permissible delay in payments, price discounts, volume discount, common replenishment periods. The available quantitative models in supply chain coordination consider up to four levels (i.e., tier-1 supplier, tier-2 supplier, manufacturer, and buyer), with the majority of studies investigating a two-level supply chain with varying assumptions (e.g., multiple buyers, stochastic demand, imperfect quality, etc). Coordination decisions in supply chains are either centralized or decentralized decision-making processes. A centralized decision making process assumes a unique decision-maker (a team) managing the whole supply chain with an objective to minimize (maximize) the total supply chain cost (profit), whereas a decentralized decision-making process involves multiple decision-makers who have conflicting objectives. This chapter will review the literature for quantitative models for centralised supply chain coordination that emphasize inventory management for the period from 1990 to end of 2007. In this chapter, we will classify the models on the basis of incentive schemes, supply chain levels, and assumptions. This chapter will also provide a map indicative of the limitations of the available studies and steer readers to future directions along this line of research.
Vibrational Surface Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Probes Confined Surface-Phonon Modes

Recently, two reports [Krivanek et al. Nature (London) 514, 209 (2014), Lagos et al. Nature (London) 543, 529 (2017)] have demonstrated the amazing possibility to probe vibrational excitations from nanoparticles with a spatial resolution much smaller than the corresponding free-space phonon wavelength using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). While Lagos et al. evidenced a strong spatial and spectral modulation of the EELS signal over a nanoparticle, Krivanek et al. did not. Here, we show that discrepancies among different EELS experiments as well as their relation to optical nearand far-field optical experiments [Dai et al. Science 343, 1125 (2014)] can be understood by introducing the concept of confined bright and dark surface phonon modes, whose density of states is probed by EELS. Such a concise formalism is the vibrational counterpart of the broadly used formalism for localized surface plasmons [Ouyang and Isaacson Philos. Mag. B 60, 481 (1989), García de Abajo and Aizpurua Phys. Rev. B 56, 15873 (1997), García de Abajo and Kociak Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 106804 (2008), Boudarham and Kociak Phys. Rev. B 85, 245447 (2012)]; it makes it straightforward to predict or interpret phenomena already known for localized surface plasmons such as environment-related energy shifts or the possibility of 3D mapping of the related surface charge densities [Collins et al. ACS Photonics 2, 1628 (2015)].
Effective performance management of inter-organisational collaborations through the construction of multiple identities

Although inter-organisational collaborations can offer better services, their performance management is complex and can often fail. Through the exploration of multiple (collaborative and non-collaborative) identities formed by partners, the paper offers guidelines for a more effective performance management of inter-organisational collaborations. More specifically, drawing upon a longitudinal qualitative study of a Greek inter-organisational collaboration, the findings of the research illustrate that both collaborative and non-collaborative identities can lead to better collaboration performance. Secondly, the study suggests that it is better to maintain the tension between stability and change within the collaborative process than resolve it. Finally, it offers four collaborative patterns for a more effective performance management of inter-organisational collaborations.
Modulation of Antibiotic Efficacy against Klebsiella pneumoniae byAntihistaminic Drugs

Antihistaminic drugs are widely used for various indications during microbial infection. Hence, this paper has investigated the antibacterial activity of seven antihistaminic drugs belonging to both old and new generations against multiresistant K. pneumonia isolates. The bacteriostatic activity of these tested drugs was investigated by determining their MIC by agar dilution technique against thirty multiresistant K. pneumoniae isolates. Two drugs namely promethazine, cyproheptadine showed antibacterial activity against the tested K. pneumoniae isolates with MIC values rangining from 400-1000 μg/ml (far more than their biological levels). In contrast, other tested drugs showed no in-vitro antibacterial activity under the conditions of test. Investigation of the interaction between the tested drugs and different antibiotics against multiresistant K. pneumoniae isolates revealed that synergism was major in case of combination with macrolides, aminoglycosides and quinolones especially with promethazine, cyproheptadine, cetirizine and diphenhydramine. The effect of tested drugs on antibiotic efflux by the tested isolates was also investigated. It was observed that promethazine and cyproheptadine were the most effective efflux pump inhibitor at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Upon studying the effect of tested drugs on biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae, it was found that promethazine was the most effective inhibitor of biofilm formation. It reduced biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae in a concentration-dependent manner and prevented biofilm formation at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. In the present study, it was found that the use of 100 μg/ml chlorpheniramine resulted in the conversion of separate rod shape of K. pneumoniae cells into long filaments. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscope where septum formation with no separation was recorded. In conclusion, the data obtained in this work showed that, among the tested drugs promethazine and cyproheptadine exerted high antibacterial activity against MDR K. pneumoniae isolates. So, it is possible to take the advantages of the obtained findings to introduce new ways to overcome different infectious diseases.
Interpreting Word-Level Hidden State Behaviour of Character-Level LSTM Language Models

While Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) and other forms of recurrent neural network have been successfully applied to language modeling on a character level, the hidden state dynamics of these models can be difficult to interpret. We investigate the hidden states of such a model by using the HDBSCAN clustering algorithm to identify points in the text at which the hidden state is similar. Focusing on whitespace characters prior to the beginning of a word reveals interpretable clusters that offer insight into how the LSTM may combine contextual and character-level information to identify parts of speech. We also introduce a method for deriving word vectors from the hidden state representation in order to investigate the word-level knowledge of the model. These word vectors encode meaningful semantic information even for words that appear only once in the training text.
Multipotent Cell Types in Primary Fibroblast Cell Lines Used to Clone Pigs using Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

We have previously demonstrated that the use of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the bone marrow can increase the proportion of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos that develop to the blastocyst stage compared with adult fibroblasts obtained from the same animal. The aim of the present study was to determine if MSCs are also present in primary cultures of adult fibroblasts which are commonly used for cloning live animals. To do this we chose a primary culture of adult fibroblasts that we had previously used to clone pigs. Single cell clones were isolated using low-density plating. After seven days of culture 63% of colonies displayed typical fibroblast morphology, while the remainder appeared cobblestone-like in appearance. Two of the 57 clones that displayed fibroblast morphology differentiated into adipocytes but not chondrocytes or osteocytes (uni-potent clones). Three of the 33 cobblestone-like clones differentiated into chondrocytes only, while 3 differentiated into adipocytes and chondrocytes but not osteocytes (bi-potent clones). One of the bi-potent cobblestone-like clones was then used for SCNT and in vitro development compared with a fibroblast-like clone which did not differentiate. Both cell types produced blastocysts at similar rates. In conclusion we have identified uni-potent and bi-potent cell types in primary cultures of adult fibroblasts used previously to clone live piglets.
Arthroplasty in patients with femoral neck fractures

1 List of papers.3 List of abbreviations . 5 Introduction.7 Background.7 Internal fixation . 8 Arthroplasty . 9 Total hip arthroplasty vs. bipolar hemiarthroplasty.10 Bipolar hemiarthroplasty vs. unipolar hemiarthroplasty.11 Dislocations after total hip arthroplasty.11 Assessment of outcome, SMFA.11 Overall aim of the thesis.12 Aims of the studies.13 Patients . 15 Ethics.15 Inclusion criteria and follow-up.15 Methods.17 Age and gender.17 Fracture classification.17 ASA classification . 17 Anesthesiological assessment . 17 Randomization.17 Cognitive function . 17 ADL . 18 Living conditions.18 Harris Hip Score . 18 SMFA.18 EQ-5D.19 Radiological assessment.20 Statistical methods.21 Results . 23 Study I.23 Study II . 26 Study III . 29 Study IV.31 General discussion . 35 Total hip arthroplasty vs. bipolar hemiarthroplasty.35 Bipolar hemiarthroplasty vs. unipolar hemiarthroplasty.37 Acetabular erosion.38 Dislocations after total hip arthroplasty.39 Responsiveness of the SMFA . 41 Strengths and limitations . 43 Conclusions.47 Implications for practice . 49 Abstract in Swedish . 51 Acknowledgments . 52 References . 55 Original papers I-IV.63
Effects of Dispersion and Dead-End Pore Volume in Miscible Flooding

The design of the solvent slug size for a miscible flood process can be improved with data on holdup (or capacitance effects) and dispersion of the solvent slug in the reservoir. A modified version of the Coats-Smith dispersion-capacitance model and an improved method of solution of the model were used to study dispersion and capacitance effects in cores. The velocity dependence of the model parameters is shown. A correlation is developed for estimation of effective dispersion coefficients for field application. The method described provides a means of characterizing the properties of dispersive mixing and micro-heterogeneity of reservoir cores. It provides an aid in the design of the volume of solvent for miscible floods. (19 refs.)
Discriminating solar and antisolar differential rotation in high-precision light curves

Surface differential rotation (DR) is one major ingredient of the magnetic field generation process in the Sun and likely in other stars. The term solar-like differential rotation describes the observation that solar equatorial regions rotate faster than polar ones. The opposite effect of polar regions rotating faster than equatorial ones (termed as antisolar DR) has only been observed in a few stars, although there is evidence from theoretical dynamo models. We present a new method to detect the sign of DR (i.e. solar-like or antisolar DR) by analyzing long-term high-precision light curves with the Lomb-Scargle periodogram.We compute the Lomb-Scargle periodogram and identify a set of significant periods $P_k$, which we associate with active regions located at different latitudes on the the stellar surface. If detectable, the first harmonics ($P_k'$) of these periods were identified to compute their peak-height-ratios $r_k:=h(P_k')/h(P_k)$. Spots rotating at lower latitudes generate less sine-shaped light curves, which requires additional power in the harmonics, and results in larger ratios $r_k$. Comparing different ratios $r_k$ and the associated periods $P_k$ yields information about the spot latitudes, and reveals the sign of DR. We tested our method on different sets of synthetic light curves all exhibiting solar-like DR. The number of cases where our method detects antisolar DR is the false-positive rate of our method. Depending on the set of light curves, the noise level, the required minimum peak separation, and the presence or absence of spot evolution, our method fails to detect the correct sign in at most 20%. We applied our method to 50 Kepler G stars and found 21-34 stars with solar-like DR and 5-10 stars with antisolar DR, depending on the minimum peak separation.