Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of state-of-the-art high-speed high-power machines: Research study including a design example of a 50000 rpm induction machine

This paper presents and discusses the state of the art in high-speed electrical machines. It is connected to a project in which there is a challenge to design a high-speed turbo generator with a rated speed of 50000 rpm and a continuous power of 700 kW for usage in aircraft. For this reason, typical electrical machines are compared in order to examine their advantages and disadvantages in identifying the best topology and in fulfilling given requirements. Finally, FEM results provide an indication of the feasibility of fulfilling project requirements.
Language for emotions in adolescents with externalizing and internalizing disorders

This study compared the structure and quality of emotion language in adolescents with externalizing disorders (N = 21), internalizing disorders (N = 18), and without a behavioral or emotional disorder (N = 16). Emotion language was elicited in response to vignette material prototypical for anger/sadness and fear, to autobiographical experiences, and to an actual emotional challenge. The findings reveal different emphases in the emotion language of internalizing and externalizing youth rather than a relative weakness for externalizing adolescents. Overall, clinical adolescents used fewer emotion terms that were semantically specific for anger, sad, or fear than typical adolescents. The results also show that emotion language is affected differentially for externalizing and internalizing adolescents depending on the emotion domain. Internalizing youth's emotion language to anger/sad events used inner-directed terms, situational references, and reduced intensity while their representation of emotions in response to salient threatening material was dominated by terms with a cognitive focus. Externalizing adolescents' emotion language responses to anger/sad events were more outer directed and intense, and their emotion language in a salient threat situation more orientated to direct affective terms. The results suggest that examining emotion language for specific emotion domains in adolescents with specific disorders will better clarify the role of emotion language in the regulation of emotions than approaches that globalize emotion language competencies or deficits.
Évaluation des puissances spécifiques de rivières de moyenne et haute Belgique

Les puissances specifiques ont ete calculees a plus de 70 stations hydrometriques situees dans des rivieres dont la taille du bassin hydrographique varie d’une dizaine de km2 a plus de 2 500 km². Pour effectuer ce calcul, le debit a plein bord a ete identifie a chacune de ces stations, la largeur du lit mineur et la pente longitudinale de la riviere y ont ete mesurees. Des relations entre taille du bassin et valeur du debit a plein bord d’une part, entre taille du bassin et largeur du lit d’autre part, ont ete mises en evidence et permettent d’individualiser certaines differenciations regionales. Au niveau des puissances specifiques, on note un contraste tres net entre les rivieres du sud de l’Ardenne et celles du nord de l’Ardenne pour lesquelles on observe d’ailleurs un gradient est-ouest de decroissance des puissances. Les rivieres du Condroz et de l’Entre-Vesdre-et-Meuse montrent des puissances intermediaires. Celles de Hesbaye ont des valeurs tres faibles. Les puissances specifiques justifient certains points de la dynamique evolutive des lits : en Hesbaye ou les rivieres developpent de faibles puissances (inferieures a 15 W/m²), le trace du lit evolue peu en plusieurs siecles. Dans le sud de l’Ardenne (puissances inferieures a 30 W/m²), les meandres sont peu actifs et le cycle de la meandration est tres largement superieur au siecle. Dans l’Entre-Vesdre-et-Meuse, (puissance de l’ordre de 30 a 40 W/m²), les meandres libres sont actifs et on y observe des possibilites de reajustement du lit suite a des amenagements anthropiques. Nos observations s’ecartent cependant de certaines valeurs-seuil proposees dans la litterature. Ainsi, le Geer (Hesbaye), malgre une puissance inferieure a 15 W/m², peut se reajuster et creer une meandration secondaire face a des contraintes exterieures. Dans des rivieres telles que l’Ourthe en Famenne, malgre des puissances relativement elevees (superieures a 50 a 70 W/m², le cycle de la meandration est superieur au siecle. Mais, toujours en Famenne, on observe une tendance au tressage alors que les puissances sont nettement inferieures a la valeur seuil proposee par la litterature (puissance superieure a 100 W/m²). Enfin, en Ardenne meme, lorsque l’on atteint un seuil voisin de 100 W/m², on passe d’un systeme a meandres libres actifs a un systeme a lit sinueux (voire subrectiligne) a fond plat qui tend a se rapprocher du step-pool-system.
The Macro-Economic Effect of Codetermination on Income Equality

Many studies on the effect of codetermination at company-level reveal its significant influence on wage levels within companies. However, does this effect at the micro-level result in higher income equality at the macro-level as well? A cross-sectional regression analysis of data on EU and OECD countries will be used to test for the codetermination’s effect on income distribution. Assessing the impact of codetermination, a new index on codetermination strength will be introduced, combining the scope of codetermination rights with the threshold of codetermination laws. The results suggest a significant negative impact on the Gini index which indicates that codetermination rights lead to higher income equality.
Milk immunoglobulin with specific activity against purified colonization factor antigens can protect against oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most commonly isolated pathogen responsible for travelers' diarrhea and the cause of up to 650 million cases of pediatric diarrhea per year in the developing world. As a safe alternative to the prophylactic use of antibiotics, a hyperimmune bovine milk antibody product with specific activity against purified colonization factor antigens (CFAs) was developed and evaluated in a human challenge study. Twenty-five healthy adult volunteers were challenged orally with 10(9) cfu of a virulent CFA/I-bearing ETEC. In the randomized double-blind trial, 7 of 10 volunteers receiving a lactose-free placebo developed clinical diarrhea after challenge, compared with only 1 of 15 cases in volunteers receiving active product (Fisher's exact test, P < .0017). It is concluded that antibodies against CFAs alone are sufficient for protection and that prophylaxis with milk-derived immunoglobulin is a feasible alternative to existing drug interventions.
Applause sign: is it really specific for Parkinsonian disorders? Evidence from cortical dementias

Objective The applause sign, originally reported as a specific sign of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), has recently been found in several parkinsonian disorders. Its nature is still uncertain. It has been interpreted as a motor perseveration or a form of apraxia. The present study aims to: (a) verify the specificity of the applause sign for parkinsonian disorders, examining the presence of the applause sign in cortical dementias which should be error free and (b) clarify the nature of the applause sign (resulting or not from apraxia). Methods 77 subjects were included: 10 PSP, 15 frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 29 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 23 normal controls. The presence of apraxia was an exclusion criterion. All patients underwent a detailed neuropsychological examination, and cognitive performance was correlated to the applause sign. Results All patient groups showed the applause sign and differed significantly from normal subjects who were error free. No difference was found when comparing PSP with FTD and FTD with AD. AD differed significantly from PSP but they were not error free (31% of patients with AD showed the applause sign). The only correlation with background neuropsychology was found for measures of executive functions. Conclusions The presence of the applause sign in cortical dementia does not confirm the specificity of the applause sign for parkinsonian disorders. The applause sign should be interpreted as a sign of frontal lobe dysfunction rather than a form of apraxia, and can likely be detected in any kind of disease which involves frontal lobe structures to some extent.
COMPUTER USE IN MATHEMATICS TEACHING - OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION IN SERBIA / UPORABA RAČUNALA U POUČAVANJU MATEMATIKE â€“ PREGLED STANJA U SRBIJI

ABSTRACTIn this study we analyse the quantity and the quality of the use of computers in mathematics teaching in schools (both primary and secondary) in Serbia, observing two samples. The data for the first research was obtained through a sample consisting of 142 experienced teachers. By conducting a survey we determined the current situation regarding personal and school use of computers, and also examined whether or not computer usage was affected by some non-attitudinal (e.g., demographic) and attitudinal variables. The second research included 123 beginner teachers, applicants for the professional state teacher license. The collected data was based on our estimates of the applicants’ preparation for the practical part of the licensing examination. We examined the impact of some demographic and academic factors on the quality of computer usage. In both researches, the data collected was coded and analysed using the SPSS 13.0 statistical program (cross tabulation and appropriate tests for comparing groups). The aims of our researches were to determine the current situation and give some possible suggestions for improving computer use.Key words: beginner teachers, experienced teachers, quality of the computer use, quantity of computer use-----SAŽETAKU ovom radu analiziramo kvantitetu i kvalitetu uporabe računala u poučavanju matematike u Srbiji (u osnovnim i srednjim školama) promatrajući dva uzorka. Podaci za prvo istraživanje prikupljeni su na uzorku od 142 iskusna nastavnika (sa profesionalnom licencom). Provedbom istraživanja ustanovili smo trenutnu situaciju s obzirom na privatnu uporabu računala i uporabu računala u školi, kao i utječu li na uporabu računala i neke objektivne (npr. demografija) i subjektivne varijable. Drugo istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 123 nastavnička pripravnika (bez profesionalne licence). Prikupljeni podaci su temeljeni na našim procjenama o pripravi praktičnog dijela stručnog ispita pripravnika. Istražili smo utjecaj nekih demografskih i akademskih čimbenika na kakvoću uporabe računala. U oba istraživanja, podaci su obrađeni uporabom statističkog programa SPSS 13.0 (unakrsno tabeliranje i odgovarajući testovi za uspoređivanje skupina). Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi trenutnu situaciju i predložiti moguća poboljšanja uporabe računala. Ključne riječi: nastavnik pripravnik, iskusni nastavnik, kakvoća uporabe računala, kvantiteta uporabe računala
Daily cone-beam computed tomography used to determine tumour shrinkage and localisation in lung cancer patients

Abstract Purpose/Objective. Daily Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in room imaging is used to determine tumour shrinkage during a full radiotherapy (RT) course. In addition, relative interfractional tumour and lymph node motion is determined for each RT fraction. Material and methods. From November 2009 to March 2010, 20 consecutive lung cancer patients (14 NSCLC, 6 SCLC) were followed with daily CBCT during RT. The gross tumour volume for lung tumour (GTV-t) was visible in all daily CBCT scans and was delineated at the beginning, at the tenth and the 20th fraction, and at the end of treatment. Whenever visible, the gross tumour volume for lymph nodes (GTV-n) was also delineated. The GTV-t and GTV-n volumes were determined. All patients were setup according to an online bony anatomy match. Retrospectively, matching based on the internal target volume (ITV), the GTV-t or the GTV-n was performed. Results. In eight patients, we observed a significant GTV-t shrinkage (15–40%) from the planning CT until the last CBCT. Only five patients presented a significant shrinkage (21–37%) in the GTV-n. Using the daily CBCT imaging, it was found that the mean value of the difference between a setup using the skin tattoo and an online matching using the ITV was 7.3±2.9 mm (3D vector in the direction of ITV). The mean difference between the ITV and bony anatomy matching was 3.0±1.3 mm. Finally, the mean distance between the GTV-t and the GTV-N was 2.9±1.6 mm. Conclusion. One third of all patients with lung cancer undergoing chemo-RT achieved significant tumour shrinkage from planning CT until the end of the radiotherapy. Differences in GTV-t and GTV-n motion was observed and matching using the ITV including both GTV-t and GTV-n is therefore preferable.
THE OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF POLYCYTHAEMIA VERA

In developing a management plan for polycythaemia vera, the following issues must be considered. First, polycythaemia vera is a clonal disorder with the primary defect residing in a multipotent haematopoietic progenitor cell (Adamson et al, 1976). Second, there is currently no clinically applicable clonal marker to distinguish polycythaemia vera from non-clonal disorders when it presents with erythrocytosis (Szur et al, 1959; Najean et al, 1981) or from its' companion myeloproliferative disorders when it does not (Lopas & Josephson, 1964; Parmentier et al, 1977; Taylor et al, 1989; Janssen et al, 1990). Third, without a clonal marker, it is not possible to determine whether a particular therapy is potentially curative as opposed to merely palliative. Fourth, the natural history of polycythaemia vera is still not completely de®ned and there is good evidence that not only do the manifestations and tempo of the disease vary (Tinney et al, 1945a; Verel, 1958; Tubiana et al, 1968; Pettit et al, 1979; Messinezy et al, 1985; Najean & Rain, 1997a) but also that age and sex may have an important in ̄uence in this regard (Videbaek, 1950; Najean et al, 1987). Fifth, in contrast to idiopathic myelo®brosis (Visani et al, 1990; Rupoli et al, 1994; Dupriez et al, 1996; Cervantes et al, 1997; Kvasnicka et al, 1997; Reilly et al, 1997), the factors affecting prognosis in polycythaemia vera have not been identi®ed and staging criteria for the disease have not been established. Unfortunately, the data accrued in the Polycythaemia Vera Study Group (P.V.S.G.) prospective clinical trial are not useful for these purposes because protocol design was fundamentally ̄awed with respect to the phlebotomy criteria (Wasserman, 1971; Berk et al, 1981). Sixth, as polycythaemia vera is probably a myeloaccumulative disorder (Moliterno et al, 1995; Silva et al, 1998) as opposed to a myeloproliferative one and usually an indolent and chronic illness that is compatible with a substantial lifespan (Harrop, 1928; Tinney et al, 1945a; Perkins et al, 1964; Rozman et al, 1991), a ®rst principle is that its' treatment be consonant with its' behaviour and the primary objective should be to prevent or ameliorate the complications of the illness without compromising longevity.
High‐density screen of human tumor cell lines for homozygous deletions of loci on chromosome arm 8p

Tumor cell‐specific homozygous deletions coinciding at a particular genetic location may indicate the inactivation of a nearby tumor suppressor gene. Forty‐six human cancer cell lines of prostate, pancreatic, lung, liver, and colon origin were screened for homozygous deletions of 139 expressed sequence tag (EST) and sequence‐tagged site (STS) loci spanning the entire short arm of chromosome 8. Only one Southern blot–verified homozygous deletion was detected in this set of cell lines. The deletion, in pancreatic tumor cell line MIA‐PaCa‐2, encompassed two screening loci, D8S549 and D8S1992, and overlapped another previously described homozygous deletion of band 8p22 in a metastatic prostate cancer specimen. Both deletions entirely removed the candidate tumor suppressor gene N33. These data define a consensus homozygous deletion region in chromosome band 8p22. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 24:42–47, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of Anandamide Formation in the Limbic Forebrain and Reduction of Endocannabinoid Contents in the Striatum of Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol‐Tolerant Rats

Abstract: Recent studies have shown that the pharmacological tolerance observed after prolonged exposure to synthetic or plant‐derived cannabinoids in adult rats is accompanied by down‐regulation/desensitization of brain cannabinoid receptors. However, no evidence exists on possible changes in the contents of the endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors in the brain of cannabinoid‐tolerant rats. The present study was designed to elucidate this possibility by measuring, by means of isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, the contents of both anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide; AEA) and its biosynthetic precursor, N‐arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine (NArPE), and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) in several brain regions of adult male rats treated daily with Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) for a period of 8 days. The areas analyzed included cerebellum, striatum, limbic forebrain, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and brainstem. The same regions were also analyzed for cannabinoid receptor binding and WIN‐55,212‐2‐stimulated guanylyl‐5′‐O‐(γ‐[35S]thio)‐triphosphate ([35S]GTPγS) binding to test the development of the well known down‐regulation/desensitization phenomenon. Results were as follows: As expected, cannabinoid receptor binding and WIN‐55,212‐2‐stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding decreased in most of the brain areas of Δ9‐THC‐tolerant rats. The only region exhibiting no changes in both parameters was the limbic forebrain. This same region exhibited a marked (almost fourfold) increase in the content of AEA after 8 days of Δ9‐THC treatment. By contrast, the striatum exhibited a decrease in AEA contents, whereas no changes were found in the brainstem, hippocampus, cerebellum, or cerebral cortex. The increase in AEA contents observed in the limbic forebrain was accompanied by a tendency of NArPE levels to decrease, whereas in the striatum, no significant change in NArPE contents was found. The contents of 2‐AG were unchanged in brain regions from Δ9‐THC‐tolerant rats, except for the striatum where they dropped significantly. In summary, the present results show that prolonged activation of cannabinoid receptors leads to decreased endocannabinoid contents and signaling in the striatum and to increased AEA formation in the limbic forebrain. The pathophysiological implications of these findings are discussed in view of the proposed roles of endocannabinoids in the control of motor behavior and emotional states.
Stewardship or Agency? A Social Embeddedness Reconciliation of Conduct and Performance in Public Family Businesses

Two contradictory perspectives of family business conduct and performance are prominent in the literature. The stewardship perspective argues that family business owners and managers will act as farsighted stewards of their companies, investing generously in the business to enhance value for all stakeholders. By contrast, the agency and behavioral agency perspectives maintain that major family owners, in catering to family self-interest, will underinvest in the firm, avoid risk, and extract resources. This paper argues that both these views have application but under different circumstances, determined in part by the degree to which the firm and its executive actors are embedded within the family and thus identify with its interests. Stewardship behavior will be less common, and agency behavior will be more common the greater the number of family directors, officers, generations, and votes, and the more executives are susceptible to family influence. These findings are supported among Fortune 1000 firms, as well as among the subsample of those firms that are family businesses.
The clinical value of KANET in studying fetal neurobehavior in normal and at-risk pregnancies

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of Kurjak’s Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test (KANET), a new test for fetal neurodevelopment. Methods: One hundred seventeen prenatal neurological tests were performed by the KANET scoring system between 28 and 38 weeks of gestation in 24 low-risk (24 fetuses) and 26 at-risk pregnancies (32 fetuses). The study was completed within 12 months from July 2011 onward. All 56 babies were assessed for early neurological outcome at birth by neonatologists. Results: There were no abnormal KANET scores. Two thirds of all borderline scores were found in the at-risk group. Because KANET was performed more than once in most pregnancies, we introduced the average KANET score. Only one fetus of the “at-risk group” had a borderline average score. This fetus had the only abnormal early neurological outcome of all 56 fetuses. When we compared all 18 borderline KANET scores with fetal diurnal rhythm based on maternal observation, we found that 89% of the borderline scores of the “at-risk” group were at times characterized by the mother as usually “active” periods compared with 33.3% in the low-risk group. Conclusion: KANET is suggestive of expressing the risk for neurodevelopmental fetal disorders. Studies designed to investigate the potential connectivity of fetal diurnal rhythm and pregnancy risk status should follow.
An enzymatic mutant of Shiga-like toxin II variant is a vaccine candidate for edema disease of swine

Edema disease (ED) of weanling pigs is caused by an infection with Escherichia coli that produces Shiga-like toxin II variant (SLT-IIv). Pathology identical to that caused by ED can be duplicated in pigs that are injected with less than 10 ng of purified SLT-IIv per kg of body weight. Therefore, SLT-IIv was mutated to create an immunoreactive form of the toxin that was significantly reduced in enzymatic activity. Initially, purified SLT-IIv was treated with formaldehyde which abrogated cytotoxic activity. Pigs were vaccinated with the toxoid (100 micrograms) to determine whether a toxoid was a viable vaccine candidate and whether young pigs were capable of mounting an immune response. Although the pigs developed a neutralizing antibody titer (1:128 to 1:512) 28 days postinjection, they also lost weight and developed ED lesions. The deleterious effect of the toxoid appeared to result from residual enzymatic activity or a reversion to a toxic form. An alternative method, site-directed mutagenesis, was employed to consistently reduce the enzymatic activity of SLT-IIv. Glutamate at position 167 of the mature A subunit was replaced by aspartate (E167D), and arginine at position 170 was replaced by lysine (R170K). These mutations reduced cytotoxic activity 10(4)-fold and 10-fold, respectively, while the enzymatic activities were decreased 400-fold and 5-fold, respectively. The activity of a toxin that contained both mutations (SLT-IIvE167D/R170K) closely resembled that of SLT-IIvE167D. When position 167 was replaced by glutamine (E167Q), the cytotoxic activity decreased 10(6)-fold and the enzymatic activity decreased approximately 1,500-fold. Pigs that were vaccinated with purified, mutant toxin designated SLT-IIvE167Q developed a neutralizing antibody titer of 1:512 21 days postinjection, and their tissues were free of ED lesions. These data suggest that SLT-IIvE167Q may represent an effective vaccine against ED.