Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiences of adults who as children lived with a parent experiencing mental illness in a small‐scale society: A Qualitative study

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? : Children of parent with severe mental illness are often carrying a caring burden; they keep the illness in the family, are documented to be stigmatized, bullied and to take special attention to their mentally ill parent's health and well-being. Little is however known about these children's experiences when growing up in a small-scale society. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE? : Children's experiences of living with a parent with severe mental illness in the small-scale society (Faroe Islands) are paradoxical, life is often unreasonable and evidently contradictory but anyway connected. The results show that "everybody knows everybody" which refers to that, in the small-scale society, it is difficult to be anonymous. The children were familiar with that people talked and had a prejudiced attitude; this resulted that the participants were constantly reminded of their mental ill parent's difference, and they were feeling less worthy than their pals. Children of parents with severe mental illness in a small-scale society need to support from the close family as well as mental healthcare professionals. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE? : The study adds knowledge about the challenges that children of mental ill parents have to go through. Dialogue among mental healthcare colleagues not only about caring for the sick parent but also about modes of caring for the children and the family at large would deepen the staff's knowing of the need for family-centred care within mental health care. ABSTRACT Introduction An estimated 23% of children worldwide live with a parent experiencing mental illness. These children are exposed to emotional and psychosocial challenges. Little is known about these children when living in small-scale societies. Aim To explore how adults, who as children lived with parents experiencing mental illness in a small-scale society, recalled their childhood life. Method Individual interviews with 11 adults were analysed using content analysis. Results Living as a child with a parent experiencing mental illness in a small-scale society was described as "living in a paradox" which emerged from three categories: "intergenerational help and caring," "barriers understanding parental illness" and "everybody knows everybody". The children received little or no support from family members, nor from health and education professionals. Discussion In a small-scale society, stigma surrounding mental illness is notable. Families often attempt to conceal mental illness from outsiders with negative or adverse effects on children. Implications for practice Mental healthcare professionals need to consider the needs of children who have parents experiencing mental illness. It is imperative for the well-being of the patients' children to support them in understanding what is happening, turn gossiping in a positive direction and address stigma in the communities.
Convergent Evolution on the Molecular Level

Divergence and convergence are two evolutionary processes by which organisms become adapted to their environments. With the advent of molecular biological techniques it is possible to ask if these processes are observed at the molecular level. There are many examples of molecular divergence in which molecular sequence or function change over evolutionary time. There are fewer reports of convergent evolution on the molecular level, and these claims are sometimes controversial. In this paper I discuss the types of convergent molecular evolution, describe the criteria for accepting or rejecting convergence, and give some examples relevant to neurobiology where convergence has been claimed. These include convergent evolution of opsins, gap junction proteins, neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and venoms directed against ion channels.
The asthma‐rhinitis multimorbidity is associated with IgE polysensitization in adolescents and adults

Children with multimorbid asthma and rhinitis show IgE polysensitization to several allergen sources. This association remains poorly studied in adolescents and adults using defined allergen molecules. We investigated IgE sensitization patterns towards a broad panel of aeroallergen components in adults and adolescents with a focus on individuals with asthma and rhinitis multimorbidity.
Radical Cystectomy in Patients Older than 75 Years: Assessment of Morbidity and Mortality

Objective: We have reviewed our surgical experience to assess intra– and postoperative morbidity and mortality in 25 patients 75 years old or older with invasive bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion or bladder substitution. Methods: Between January 1993 and February 1999, of 190 patients who underwent radical cystectomy, 23 men and 2 women were aged from 75 to 87 (median 79) years. Urinary diversion was performed in 23 cases and bladder substitution in 2. All patients had significant comorbidity and 15 patients were ASA II and 10 ASA III. Results: Median operating time was 4 h. Perioperative mortality rate was 4%. Intraoperative, early and late postoperative complications occurred in 15, 16 and 6 patients, respectively. The most common early complications were pyelonephritis (32%), disorientation (20%), additional pulmonary infection (20%) and prolonged ileus (32%). No secondary procedures were necessary. The most common late complication was ureteroileal anastomotic stricture (16%). The median hospital stay and intensive care unit stay were 24 and 14 days, respectively. With a median follow–up of 14 (5–50) months the overall mortality rate was 32%. Conclusions: Radical cystectomy can be performed in elderly patients with acceptable perioperative mortality and morbidity. However, because of the high incidence of minor medical complications, hospital stay is often prolonged.
Gongylonema Parasites of Rodents: A Key to Species and New Data on Gongylonema neoplasticum

Abstract Specimens of the genus Gongylonema were collected from the gastric mucosa of rodents of Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758, and Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769, collected in urban areas in Belém, Pará, in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. The helminths were processed for analysis using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques and presented taxonomic characteristics of the species Gongylonema neoplasticum. The SEM analyses revealed the presence of 2 developed buccal plates (1 dorsal, 1 ventral), also called interlabia, with a prominent and bifurcated ventral plaque. The occurrence of the bifurcated ventral interlabium had not yet been identified by any other author from G. neoplasticum. As a result of our extensive research on published data on Gongylonema spp. , we propose a taxonomic key for species of this genus that parasitize rodents. This is the first record of G. neoplasticum in urban areas of the Brazilian Amazon.
Functional correlates of likelihood and prior representations in a virtual distance task

Spatial navigation is an imperative cognitive function, in which individuals must interact with their environment in order to accurately reach a destination. Previous research has demonstrated that, when traveling a predetermined distance, humans must balance between noise in the measurement process and the prior history of traveled distances. This tradeoff has recently been formally described using Bayesian estimation; however, the neural correlates of Bayesian estimation during distance reproduction have yet to be investigated. Here, human subjects performed a virtual reality distance reproduction task during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), in which they were required to reproduce various traveled distances in the absence of overt navigational cues. As previously demonstrated, subjects exhibited a central tendency effect, wherein reproduced distances gravitated to the mean of the stimulus set. fMRI activity during this task revealed distance‐sensitive activity in a network of regions, including prefrontal and hippocampal regions. Using a computational index of central tendency, we found that activity in the retrosplenial cortex, a region highly implicated in spatial navigation, negatively covaried between subjects with the degree of central tendency observed; conversely, we found that activity in the anterior hippocampus/amygdala complex was positively correlated with the central tendency effect of gravitating to the average reproduced distance. These findings suggest dissociable roles for the retrosplenial cortex and hippocampal complex during distance reproduction, with both regions coordinating with the prefrontal cortex the influence of prior history of the environment with present experience. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3172–3187, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections: Report from the China CRE Network

ABSTRACT Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection is highly endemic in China, but estimates of the infection burden are lacking. We established the incidence of CRE infection from a multicenter study that covered 25 tertiary hospitals in 14 provinces. CRE cases defined as carbapenem-nonsusceptible Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, or Klebsiella pneumoniae infections during January to December 2015 were collected and reviewed from medical records. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and carbapenemase gene identification were performed. Among 664 CRE cases, most were caused by K. pneumoniae (73.9%), followed by E. coli (16.6%) and E. cloacae (7.1%). The overall CRE infection incidence per 10,000 discharges was 4.0 and differed significantly by region, with the highest in Jiangsu (14.97) and the lowest in Qinghai (0.34). Underlying comorbidities were found in 83.8% of patients; the median patient age was 62 years (range, 45 to 74 years), and 450 (67.8%) patients were male. Lower respiratory tract infections (65.4%) were the most common, followed by urinary tract infection (16.6%), intra-abdominal infection (7.7%), and bacteremia (7.7%). The overall hospital mortality rate was 33.5%. All isolates showed nonsusceptibility to carbapenems and cephalosporins. The susceptibility rate of polymyxin B was >90%. Tigecycline demonstrated a higher susceptibility rate against E. coli than against K. pneumoniae (90.9% versus 40.2%). Of 155 clinical isolates analyzed, 89% produced carbapenemases, with a majority of isolates producing KPC (50%) or NDM (33.5%)-type beta-lactamases among K. pneumoniae and E. coli. The incidence of CRE infection in China was 4.0 per 10,000 discharges. The patient-based disease burden in tertiary hospitals in China is severe, suggesting an urgent need to enhance infection control.
Continuing use of the terms prospective and retrospective and quality of reporting of observational studies: time to update the STROBE guideline?

but not in the title; 13 (9%) papers used the terms exclusively in the abstract; and 31 (21%) exclusively in the methods section. The terms were never used exclusively in the title; 55 of the papers (37%) used the term in the title or abstract, and this proportion is 5% higher than the proportion observed in PubMed [95% confidence interval (CI): -3% to 13%]. Of the 150, 73 papers (49%) used the terms prospective or retrospective in the methods sections. Twelve papers (8%) used the terms in the title and 53 (35%) in the abstract (Figure 2). ‘Prospective’ was used 2.2 (95% CI: 1.5 to 3.2) times more often for reports of all study designs than ‘retrospective’. Papers published in general epidemiology journals used the terms less than papers published in clinical specialist and general medicine journals. Also, the terms were used more to describe cohort studies than case-control and cross-sectional studies. The use of the terms ‘retrospective’ and ‘prospective’, however, is not associated with the overall quality of the report as measured as STROBE adherence score or in any of its domains (Setting, Participants, Variables, Data sources/ measurement and Bias). Again, no differences in quality of the report were observed according to papers using the terms or not, study type, journal recommending STROBE, journal type or impact factor (for detailed results see Appendix 3, available as Supplementary data at IJE online). In summary, we found that the use of the terms ‘prospective’ and ‘retrospective’ did not change after publication of the STROBE guideline, suggesting no impact of STROBE on the use of these terms. The lack of any association of the use of these terms to the overall adherence to the rest of STROBE’s advice further suggests this is not an intentional ignoring of STROBE’s advice in general. Rather, this seems specific to this particular part of STROBE’s advice, possibly because authors are not aware of this advice. We envision two possible actions. Either there should be an effort to make people aware of the advice to avoid the terms ‘prospective’ and retrospective’, or the STROBE should be updated and this advice should be removed. The decision which of these two options to follow should ultimately depend on the outcome of a discussion on the merits and perils of using these terms, among a broad representation of the medical scientific community.
BILE ACIDS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN.

Abstract The distribution of bile acids in the gallbladder bile of 3 fetuses and in the duodenal contents of 48 infants and children between the ages of 2 hours and 14 years was measured chromatographically. Bile and taurine conjugates and glycoconjugated bile acids were present in the gallbladders of the fetuses. Taurine conjugates of bile acids predominated at birth. Coincident with the initiation of milk feedings, the total concentration of bile in the duodenal contents increased sharply. The greatest concentration of bile acids in the duodenum was encountered in specimens of infants between the ages of 10 days and 7 months. Cholic acid was the predominant bile acid in infants, and chenodeoxycholic was the predominant one in older children. Peculiarly, no deoxycholic acid could be found in infants younger than 15 months of age. Six unidentified compounds, 4 of which were probably bile acids, were found in duodenal contents.
Elevated serum ferritin is associated with increased mortality in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease after 16 years of follow‐up

High levels of ferritin in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated with significant fibrosis and higher NAFLD activity score (NAS). It is unclear if this association has an impact on mortality. We investigated if high levels of ferritin, with or without iron overload, were associated with an increased mortality in NAFLD.
Mutual Distrust: Perspectives From Researchers and Policy Makers on the Research to Policy Gap in 2013 and Recommendations for the Future

The production of health policy-relevant research is necessary, but not sufficient, to promote its utilization in policy. Our objective was to understand the perspectives of United States’ state-level policy makers and health researchers on the barriers and facilitators to the translation of health evidence into the policy process, with a particular focus on issues related to relationship building. We conducted interviews with 215 US health services and health policy researchers and 40 state-level staffers and legislators. Researchers and policy makers faced the same major barrier to research translation: lack of dedicated time to do so. Some policy makers questioned the credibility of research, and researchers questioned policy makers’ authentic desire to use evidence in decision making. For some study participants, a mutual mistrust of the other group challenges stronger relationship formation. Interventions are needed to help both groups understand a broader role that research plays in policy making and to increase personal contact, and ultimately trusted relationships, across various actors in the policy process.
Coherent and incoherent charge transport in linear triple quantum dots

One of the fundamental questions in quantum transport is how charge transfer through complex nanostructures is influenced by quantum coherence. We address this issue for linear triple quantum dots by comparing a Lindblad density matrix description with a Pauli rate equation approach and analyze the corresponding zero-frequency counting statistics of charge transfer. The impact of decaying coherences of the density matrix due to dephasing is also studied. Our findings reveal that the sensitivity to coherence shown by shot noise and skewness, in particular in the limit of large coupling to the drain reservoir, can be used to unambiguously evidence coherent processes involved in charge transport across triple quantum dots. Our analytical results are obtained by using the characteristic polynomial approach to full counting statistics.
Relationship Between 24-Hour Ambulatory Central Systolic Blood Pressure and Left Ventricular Mass: A Prospective Multicenter Study

We investigated the relationship between left ventricular mass and brachial office as well as brachial and central ambulatory systolic blood pressure in 7 European centers. Central systolic pressure was measured with a validated oscillometric device, using a transfer function, and mean/diastolic pressure calibration. M-mode images were obtained by echocardiography, and left ventricular mass was determined by one single reader blinded to blood pressure. We studied 289 participants (137 women) free from antihypertensive drugs (mean age: 50.8 years). Mean office blood pressure was 145/88 mm Hg and mean brachial and central ambulatory systolic pressures were 127 and 128 mm Hg, respectively. Mean left ventricular mass was 93.3 kg/m2, and 25.6% had left ventricular hypertrophy. The correlation coefficient between left ventricular mass and brachial office, brachial ambulatory, and central ambulatory systolic pressure was 0.29, 0.41, and 0.47, respectively (P=0.003 for comparison between brachial office and central ambulatory systolic pressure and 0.32 for comparison between brachial and central ambulatory systolic pressure). The results were consistent for men and women, and young and old participants. The areas under the curve for prediction of left ventricular hypertrophy were 0.618, 0.635, and 0.666 for brachial office, brachial, and central ambulatory systolic pressure, respectively (P=0.03 for comparison between brachial and central ambulatory systolic pressure). In younger participants, central ambulatory systolic pressure was superior to both other measurements. Central ambulatory systolic pressure, measured with an oscillometric cuff, shows a strong trend toward a closer association with left ventricular mass and hypertrophy than brachial office/ambulatory systolic pressure. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01278732.
Comparison of Forefoot Ulcer Healing Using Alternative Off-loading Methods in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE To compare the healing rate of forefoot ulcers in patients with diabetes treated using a total contact cast with those treated using alternative off-loading methods. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of healing rates of forefoot ulcers. SETTING Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Diabetes Foot Program, Baton Rouge, LA. PARTICIPANTS 120 consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus referred for treatment of new, nonsurgical forefoot ulceration. INTERVENTIONS Alternative off-loading methods (an accommodative dressing, a healing shoe, a walking splint) or a total contact cast. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Healing time of forefoot ulcers in days and percentage healed in 12 weeks. RESULTS 113 of 120 (94%) patients with forefoot ulcers healed in an average of 45.5 ± 43.4 days. Seven of 120 (5.8%) patients with ulcers either did not heal or were lost to follow-up. Stepwise lognormal regression showed ulcer grade (P <.001, R2 = 0.11) and width (P = .024, R2 = 0.05) were significantly related to healing time. After adding ulcer grade (1, 2, or 3) and width into the model, there was no difference between healing time in the accommodative dressing (P = .253), healing shoe (P = .815), and walking splint (P = .525) when compared with the total contact cast. Forefoot ulcers were closed within 12 weeks in at least 81% of cases irrespective of the off-loading method. CONCLUSION The healing rate of forefoot ulcerations in patients with diabetes using alternative off-loading methods or a total contact cast appeared to be comparable when the method was selected based on location of ulcer, patient age, and duration of ulceration.
Design and stable flight of a 21 g insect-like tailless flapping wing micro air vehicle with angular rates feedback control

An insect-like tailless flapping wing micro air vehicle (FW-MAV) without feedback control eventually becomes unstable after takeoff. Flying an insect-like tailless FW-MAV is more challenging than flying a bird-like tailed FW-MAV, due to the difference in control principles. This work introduces the design and controlled flight of an insect-like tailless FW-MAV, named KUBeetle. A combination of four-bar linkage and pulley-string mechanisms was used to develop a lightweight flapping mechanism that could achieve a high flapping amplitude of approximately 190°. Clap-and-flings at dorsal and ventral stroke reversals were implemented to enhance vertical force. In the absence of a control surface at the tail, adjustment of the location of the trailing edges at the wing roots to modulate the rotational angle of the wings was used to generate control moments for the attitude control. Measurements by a 6-axis load cell showed that the control mechanism produced reasonable pitch, roll and yaw moments according to the corresponding control inputs. The control mechanism was integrated with three sub-micro servos to realize the pitch, roll and yaw controls. A simple PD feedback controller was implemented for flight stability with an onboard microcontroller and a gyroscope that sensed the pitch, roll and yaw rates. Several flight tests demonstrated that the tailless KUBeetle could successfully perform a vertical climb, then hover and loiter within a 0.3 m ground radius with small variations in pitch and roll body angles.
Battery energy storage system for transient frequency stability enhancement of a large-scale power system

Power system stability has become a great concern with the increased power flows across the transmission system. Battery energy storage system (BESS) has widely been used and long been acknowledged that it can significantly contribute in stable power system operation and control. This paper investigates a large-scale power system transient stability improvement by incorporating a large size BESS. Faults have been applied to find the maximum active power transfer limit across the transmission line. The control of BESS is so designed that battery charging/discharging is based on the nominal system frequency as a reference. In addition, faults on the DC side of BESS are also studied to determine their impact on the connected AC system stability. MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulation has been carried out to demonstrate the capability of BESS for providing stability support and also reducing DC faults impact on the connected AC system stability.