Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Pressurized Tree-Type Water Distribution Network Using the Improved Decomposition–Dynamic Programming Aggregation Algorithm

Pressurized tree-type water distribution network (WDN) is widely used in rural water supply projects. Optimization of this network has direct practical significance to reduce the capital cost. This paper developed a discrete nonlinear model to obtain the minimum equivalent annual cost (EAC) of pressurized tree-type WDN. The pump head and pipe diameter were taken into account as the double decision variables, while the pipe head loss and flow velocity were the constraint conditions. The model was solved by using the improved decomposition–dynamic programming aggregation (DDPA) algorithm and applied to a real case. The optimization results showed that the annual investment, depreciation and maintenance cost (W1) were reduced by 22.5%; however, the pumps’ operational cost (p) increased by 17.9% compared to the actual layout. Overall, the optimal EAC was reduced by 15.2% with the optimized pump head and optimal diameter distribution of the network. This method demonstrated an intrinsic trade-off between investment and operational cost, and provided an efficient decision support tool for least-cost design of pressurized tree-type WDN.
Melatonin attenuates the stress-induced disorders in parodontium and liver

The results of investigation illustrate the lipid peroxidation activation in different tissues under the stress influence. The obtained results convince the different resistance of animals to stress. The decrease of free and bound oxyprolin content, as well as glycosaminoglycans, which are the main components of connective tissue of gingiva, after prolonged stress has been established. Stress causes the development of structural and functional disorders in the liver tissue. Melatonin is effective to inhibit the stress-induced changes in liver and parodontium. The higher efficiency of melatonin at the dose 1,0 mg/kg over 0,2 mg/kg was established. The obtained results open the prospects of the using of melatonin and its artificial analogues for pharmacological treatment of stress-induced disorders in parodontium and liver.
The effect of wall-normal gravity on particle-laden near-wall turbulence

We performed two-way coupled direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow with Lagrangian tracking of small, heavy spheres at a dimensionless gravitational acceleration of 0.077 in wall units, which is based on the flow condition in the experiment by Gerashchenko et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 617, 2008, pp. 255–281). We removed deposited particles after several collisions with the lower wall and then released new particles near the upper wall to observe direct interactions between particles and coherent structures of near-wall turbulence during gravitational settling through the mean shear. The results indicate that when the Stokes number is approximately 1 on the basis of the Kolmogorov time scale of the flow ( $St_{K}\approx 1$ ), the so-called preferential sweeping occurs in association with coherent streamwise vortices, while the effect of crossing trajectories becomes significant for $St_{K}>1$ . Consequently, in either case, the settling particles deposit on the wall without strong accumulation in low-speed streaks in the viscous sublayer. When particles settle through near-wall turbulence from the upper wall, more small-scale vortical structures are generated in the outer layer as low-speed fluid is pulled farther in the direction of gravity, while the opposite is true near the lower wall.
Assessment of empirical methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration in Zabol Synoptic Station by REF-ET model

Estimates of potential evapotranspiration are essential for planning, designing, and managing irrigation and drainage plans and water resource management. Evapotranspiration involves evaporation from the Earth’s surface and water, and plant transpiration, which is of particular importance in irrigated arid and semiarid areas. In this research, nine methods of potential evapotranspiration estimation, including FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO PM), Penman-Kimberley (1996), Penman (1948), Penman-FAO 24, FAO radiation 24, Blanney Criddle-FAO, Hargreaves (1985), Priestly Taylor, and Makkink (1957) were calculated for the Zabol Synoptic Station. The FAO PM is accepted as a standard method by many researchers and international institutes, hence, it was adopted as a reference approach in this study. Estimates of reference evapotranspiration were determined by different empirical methods using the REF-ET model and were then compared with each other. It was found that the Penman (1948), Penman-FAO 24, Hargreaves (1985), Penman-Kimberly (1996), Blanney Criddle-FAO, FAO radiation, Priestly Taylor, and Makkink (1957) were more suitable methods, respectively, in Zabol synoptic station. Also, regression coefficients and linear equations were presented between each method and the FAO PM approach to convert potential evapotranspiration measured by the other methods into the FAO PM method.
Symmetry Method for Limit Cycle Walking of Legged Robots.

Symmetry Method for Limit Cycle Walking of Legged Robots by Hamed Razavi Chairs: Anthony Bloch and Jessy Grizzle Dynamic steady-state walking or running gaits for legged robots correspond to periodic orbits in the dynamic model. The common method for obtaining such periodic orbits is conducting a numerical search for fixed points of a Poincaré map. However, as the number of degrees of freedom of the robot grows, such numerical search becomes computationally expensive because in each search trial the dynamic equations need to be integrated. Moreover, the numerical search for periodic orbits is in general sensitive to model errors, and it remains to be seen if the periodic orbit which is the outcome of the search in the domain of the dynamic model corresponds to a periodic gait in the actual robot. To overcome these issues, we have presented the Symmetry Method for Limit Cycle Walking, which relaxes the need to search for periodic orbits, and at the same time, the limit cycles obtained with this method are robust to model errors. Mathematically, we describe the symmetry method in the context of so-called Symmetric Hybrid Systems, whose properties are discussed. In particular, it is shown that a symmetric hybrid system can have an infinite number of periodic orbits that can be identified easily. In addition, it is shown how control strategies need to be
Integral Input-to-State Stability of Networked Control Systems

We investigate integral input-to-state stability (iISS) of nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs). The controller is designed by emulation, i.e., it is constructed to ensure iISS for the closed-loop system in the absence of the network. Afterward, the latter is taken into account and explicit conditions are provided on the scheduling protocol and the maximum allowable transmission interval to preserve iISS for the NCS. The results are applied to two case studies: bilinear systems and neutrally stable linear systems under saturated feedback, where the conditions are formulated as linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the results is further illustrated via a numerical example.
A Family of Improved Dual-Buck DC–AC Inverters and Dual-Boost AC–DC Converters

Conventional cascaded dual-buck dc–ac inverters and dual-boost ac–dc converters can achieve high efficiency by using power MOSFETs without causing reverse recovery issues. In addition, these topologies can provide high reliability by eliminating shoot-through issues. As a result, dead-time in the switching signals can be eliminated and higher switching frequencies can be used. However, these topologies have a major and serious drawback of having more inductors in them and a high magnetic volume. This paper presents a family of improved dual-buck dc–ac inverters and dual-boost ac–dc converters with fewer inductors that can effectively mitigate the high magnetic volume and large number of inductors problems without adding any complexity to the control or hardware. The proposed dual-buck inverters (DBI) and dual-boost converters have all the aforementioned benefits of conventional DBIs and dual-boost converters, respectively. In addition, they reduce the magnetic volume, cost, and complexity of the circuit layout through the use of fewer inductors. To validate the feasibility of the proposed topologies, experimental results of the proposed 2-kW cascaded dual-buck dc–ac inverter with 310 $V_{\mathrm {dc}}$ input voltage and $420~V_{\mathrm {rms}}$ output voltage are provided.
Entropy-Based Weighted Decision Combining for Collaborative Spectrum Sensing Over Byzantine Attack

Collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS) as a promising solution is widely adopted for identifying available spectrum. However, such cooperation is vulnerable to be threatened by Byzantine attack. To defend against such attack, a low-complexity entropy-based credibility weighted CSS scheme is proposed, where each sensing node’s weight is evaluated based on the inconsistency property of received data at the fusion center within two consecutive sensing slots during a sliding window. Unlike the existing approaches, the proposed scheme is suitable for homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios and neither requires prior knowledge of attack behaviors nor reference sensing information. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed strategy to resist attack scenarios where a large fraction of attackers with varying probabilities range between 0.2 and 0.8.
Inversing fracture parameters using early-time production data for fractured wells

ABSTRACT The authors studied models of inversing fracture parameters using early-time production data from fractured wells. Inverse results help evaluate the performance of fracturing, improve fracturing design, and predict the long-term production dynamics of fractured wells. First, polynomials were used to match variable flows. A new analytical model describing the transient-pressure behaviour of variable flow production was developed. This model is significantly superior to existing superposition analysis models in terms of calculation speed, accuracy, and stability. Then, in order to establish the best match between the calculated bottomhole pressure and the actual measured bottomhole pressure, the wellbore storage coefficient, fracture conductivity, fracture half-length, and fracture skin factor were selected as inverse fracture parameters. An automatic matching model was established, and a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm based on a stochastic initial value and maximum probability was developed. This algorithm (1) is easy to implement, (2) can search local optimal solutions as much as possible, and (3) to improves the multisolution of inverse problems. Finally, the sensitivity of fracture parameters was analysed. Some existing automatic matching methods were compared and validated. A set of accurate, high-precision data acquisition and calculation devices was identified to promote application of the results.
MOCVD homoepitaxy of Si-doped (010) β-Ga2O3 thin films with superior transport properties

Record-high electron mobilities were achieved for silicon-doped (010) β-Ga2O3 homoepitaxial films grown via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Key growth parameters were investigated to reduce the background doping and compensation concentration. Controllable n-type Si doping was achieved as low as low-1016 cm−3. Record carrier mobilities of 184 cm2/V s at room temperature and 4984 cm2/V s at low temperature (45 K) were measured for β-Ga2O3 thin films with room-temperature doping concentrations of 2.5 × 1016 and 2.75 × 1016 cm−3, respectively. Analysis of temperature-dependent Hall mobility and carrier concentration data revealed a low compensation concentration of 9.4 × 1014 cm−3. Using the two-donor model, Si on the tetrahedrally coordinated Ga(I) site represented the primary shallow donor state, and the secondary donor state was found to possess an activation energy of 120 meV. The demonstration of high-purity and high-quality β-Ga2O3 thin films with uniform and smooth surface morphology via MOCVD will harness its advantages as an ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor for power electronic and short-wavelength optoelectronic device applications.Record-high electron mobilities were achieved for silicon-doped (010) β-Ga2O3 homoepitaxial films grown via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Key growth parameters were investigated to reduce the background doping and compensation concentration. Controllable n-type Si doping was achieved as low as low-1016 cm−3. Record carrier mobilities of 184 cm2/V s at room temperature and 4984 cm2/V s at low temperature (45 K) were measured for β-Ga2O3 thin films with room-temperature doping concentrations of 2.5 × 1016 and 2.75 × 1016 cm−3, respectively. Analysis of temperature-dependent Hall mobility and carrier concentration data revealed a low compensation concentration of 9.4 × 1014 cm−3. Using the two-donor model, Si on the tetrahedrally coordinated Ga(I) site represented the primary shallow donor state, and the secondary donor state was found to possess an activation energy of 120 meV. The demonstration of high-purity and high-quality β-Ga2O3 thin films with uniform and smooth surface morphology v.
USE OF HEMP RAW MATERIALS IN COMMON BAKERY PRODUCT RECIPES

This paper deals with the possibilities of using products derived from industrial hemp in creating recipes of common bakery products. The food industry may use only industrial hemp products containing less than 0.3% of THC. Nine recipes were created during testing, in which addition of hemp oil, hemp grits, hemp flour and hemp protein added to wheat flour, or combinations thereof, were evaluated. The influence of the recipe composition on the bakery product characteristics was evaluated by the baking test (Rapid-Mix-Test or RMT). Lowest baking loss (10.62%) and the highest yield of bread (147.81%) was in recipe with 10 % share of hemp flour. The highest volume yield was recorded after the addition of hemp oil. Index number that characterizes arching of baking goods was highest for variants with 5% and 10% of hemp grits. Sensory analysis evaluated descriptors of shape, crust colour, aroma, elasticity of the crumb, crumb colour, ease of bite, mouthfeel after brief chewing, consistency, crumb moisture, taste and overall impression. Addition of the hemp oil in seven descriptors out of eleven achieved a better evaluation than in the control variant. The addition of hemp flour and protein has positively influenced the crumb moisture.
Challenging Vertical Turbulence Mixing Schemes in a Tidally Energetic Environment: 1. 3‐D Shelf‐Sea Model Assessment

Mixing in the ocean and shelf seas is critical for the vertical distribution of dynamically active properties, such as density and biogeochemical tracers. Eight different decadal simulations are used to assess the skill of vertical turbulent mixing schemes (TMS) in a 3‐D regional model of tidally active shelf seas. The TMS differ in the type of stability functions used and in the Ozmidov/Deardorff/Galperin limiter of the turbulence length scales. We review the dependence of the critical Richardson and Prandtl numbers to define the “diffusiveness” of the TMS. The skill in representing bias and variability of stratification profiles is assessed with five different metrics: surface and bottom temperatures and pycnocline depth, thickness, and strength. The assessment is made against hydrography from three data sets (28,000 profiles in total). Bottom and surface temperatures are found to be as sensitive to TMS choice as to horizontal resolution or heat flux formulation, as reported in other studies. All TMS underrepresent the pycnocline depth and benthic temperatures. This suggests physical processes are missing from the model, and these are discussed. Different TMSs show the best results for different metrics, and there is no outright winner. Simulations coupled with an ecosystem model show the choice of TMS strongly affects the ecosystem behavior: shifting the timing of peak chlorophyll by 1 month, showing regional chlorophyll differences of order 100%, and redistributing the production of chorophyll between the pycnocline and mixed layer.
Vectorization and Register Reuse in High Performance Computing

Automatic vectorization is crucial for attaining maximum performance on modern processors in a performance portable fashion. There is significant room for improvement over techniques in existing compilers, as demonstrated in this work, through careful synthesis of vectorized code and application of aggressive performance optimizations, especially in the domains of tensor contractions and stencils. Tensor contractions are a class of computation used extensively in computational chemistry which are essentially higher-dimension matrix multiplication. Vector code synthesis for tensor contractions has been explored, utilizing a novel in-register transpose for efficiently accessing tensors with SIMD vectors along any dimension. Aggressive use of unroll-and-jam and loop permutation optimizations is able to increase register reuse and amortize the cost of expensive vector operations. Stencils are a critical part of many scientific codes including PDE solvers and image processing. This work presents a framework for reordering operations in regular loop computations, such as stencils, by utilizing the associativity and commutativity of operations. The freedom to reorder computations involving associative operators has been widely recognized and exploited in designing parallel algorithms and to a more limited extent in optimizing compilers. The reordering of operations enables substantially improved register reuse through reduced register pressure, resulting in up to 4× performance improvement for existing benchmarks. The multidimensional ii retiming formalism characterizes the space of valid implementations in conjunction with other transformations from the vector code synthesis used for tensor contractions. Given the transformations used to optimize high performance software, there are many parameters which create a space of possible variants from which the best, or nearly best, candidate must be found. In addition to auto-tuning over the space of synthesized vector codes, two models have been developed for selecting a high performance variant at compile time. The first model is based on estimating the total number of SIMD instructions executed and demonstrated and for a set of benchmark kernels achieved a mean performance of 73% of the best observed performance across multiple architectures and compilers. The second model used features extracted from the assembly code generated by the compiler which were then processed by machine learning algorithms. By considering a linear combination of the most successful models, a mean performance of 89% of the best observed was achieved in the same tests as the first model. This research has shown that integration of tile code generation techniques with existing automatic tiling and parallelizing algorithms based on the polyhedral model can produce significant performance improvements on modern architectures such as Intel’s Many Integrated Core. Additionally, these techniques have been applied in production software to automatically produce high performance code on multiple architectures for the dominant computational kernel in MADNESS.
A Novel Approach to Mugshot Based Arbitrary View Face Recognition

National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision,College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China(Received November 18, 2015 : revised February 11, 2016 : accepted March 4, 2016)Mugshot face images, routinely collected by police, usually contain both frontal and profile views. Existing automated face recognition methods exploited mugshot databases by enlarging the gallery with synthetic multi-view face images generated from the mugshot face images. This paper, instead, proposes to match the query arbitrary view face image directly to the enrolled frontal and profile face images. During matching, the 3D face shape model reconstructed from the mugshot face images is used to establish corresponding semantic parts between query and gallery face images, based on which comparison is done. The final recognition result is obtained by fusing the matching results with frontal and profile face images. Compared with previous methods, the proposed method better utilizes mugshot databases without using synthetic face images that may have artifacts. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated on the Color FERET and CMU PIE databases. Keywords : Mugshot-based face recognition, Arbitrary view face recognition, Three-dimensional face reconstructionOCIS codes : (100.5010) Pattern recognition; (100.0100) Image processing; (100.3008) Image recognition, algorithms and filters; (100.6890) Three-dimensional image processing
Stemming techniques of Arabic Language: Comparative Study from the Information Retrieval Perspective

Arabic language considered one of the most challenging languages for solving the problem of matching in information retrieval, since it depends on both inflectional and derivational morphology, and it has a templatic morphology. Scientists found in their resent studies that using stems as index terms outperform roots. The most popular and successful technique used for producing stems of words is the light stemming techniques. Many studies have been conducted in light stemming since TREC 2002 Cross-language track. This paper aims to compare the most of the existing light stemmers in terms of main ideas, affixes lists, algorithms, and information retrieval performance. The results shows that the light10 stemmer outperformed the other stemmers in non-expanded experiments for the stemmers and Aljlayl-3 outperform them in case of expansion.
Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulch on Yield and Quality of Potato Crop

Field trials were carried out at Uswo location, located in North Rift part of Kenya during March 2016-July 2016 growing seasons. The main objective was to determine the yield and quality responses of potato crop to deficit irrigation (DI) and mulch. Experimental set up was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. In the study, five water levels of drip irrigation (100 % ETc, 90 % ETc, 80 % ETc, 60 % ETc and 50 % ETc) with and without mulch were considered. The 100 % ETc was used as an experimental control. Deficit irrigation was carried out at different growth stages of the plant for the remaining plots. The plots were covered during a rain event with a polythene sheet as a shelter and unrolled when there was no rain. Results revealed that plots with mulches at 100 % ETc attained 50 % plant emergence earlier than those without mulches. Also highest plant heights, stems per plant and better tuber qualities were achieved in the mulched plots under 100 % ETc. Water use efficiency (WUE) increased as the irrigation water was reduced. Tuber yields ranged from 16.2±0.6 t ha-1 to 29.5±0.9 t ha-1 and 14.3±0.5 t ha-1 to 27.3±0.5 t ha-1 for mulch and non-mulch treatments respectively. WUE ranged from 33.6 to 59.8 kg/ha/mm and 30.8 kg/ha/mm to 53.4 kg/ha/mm for mulch (M) and non-mulch (NM) respectively. Optimal crop production was obtained at 80 % ETc with WUE of 40.1 kg/ha/mm and 36.9 kg/ha/mm for mulch and non-mulch respectively. Therefore optimal crop production with minimum water use is recommended for practice in farms with scarce water resources.