Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LINKAGE AND RETENTION IN PRE-ART CARE BEST PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES FROM FOURTEEN COUNTRIES

Linkages to and retention in HIV care for people living with HIV has emerged as a priority under the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Many challenges to retention in care prior to eligibility for antiretroviral therapy persist, but programs are implementing a variety of practices to overcome these challenges. Clear policies and guidelines, and resources to support their implementation, are needed to take promising practices to scale with a focus on quality to meet demand and retain clients in care. Acknowledgments AIDSTAR-One would like to thank the various individuals who contributed to the research and writing of this report, in particular the representatives of the PEPFAR agencies in Ethiopia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe who participated in the online survey and follow up interviews. We would also like to thank the co-chairs of the PEPFAR Technical Working Group on Care & Support, Ilana Lapidos-Salaiz with USAID, Jon Kaplan with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Carol Langley with the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC) and to Charlene Brown and Ugo Amanyeiwe with USAID for their review and input. AIDSTAR-One John Snow, Inc. 1616 Fort Myer Drive, 16th Floor Arlington, VA 22209 USA Phone: 703-528-7474 Fax: 703-528-7480 E-mail: info@aidstar-one.com Internet: aidstar-one.com
Recent CKM and and CP Results from B A B AR

We present recent results of B and charm decays from the B A B AR experiment. These results include searches for rare or forbidden charm decays, measurements of | V ub | from inclusive B → X u lν decays , observation of the semileptonic B → D ( ∗ ) τ − ν τ decays, direct CP violation asymmetry in B → X s + d γ and in D + → K 0 S π + , and T-violation in D +( s ) → K + K 0 S π + π − . These studies are based on the ﬁnal dataset collected by B A B AR at the PEP-II B factory at SLAC in the period 1999-2008.
Effect of fat type and heat treatment on the microstructure of meat emulsions

In comminuted meat products the gel-forming abilities of the myofibrillar proteins are of major importance. In meat emulsions fat will be present in globules which are stabilized by a membrane coating made of salt-soluble proteins. These discontinuous fat particles act as fillers or co-polymers and stabilize the protein network. Differences in the physicochemical properties of saturated and unsaturated lipids affect the distribution of fat and thereby the functionality and quality of the final product. The objectives were to study the effects of lipid type and heat treatment on changes in microstructure of meat emulsions by use of a novel quantitative application of absorption- and phase-contrast tomography. The noninvasive technique offered the possibility to study the same sample in both raw and cooked condition. The samples were raw and heat treated meat emulsions (10% protein, 25% fat, 60% moisture) prepared with either pork fat or sunflower oil. The tomograms were obtained at a synchrotron facility using a grating interferometer which measured three different properties in the sample simultaneously: The attenuation length, the electron density and the diffusion length. Phase contrast imaging of the tomograms were used to analyse the impact of lipid type on spatial fat distribution, microstructure of the protein network and structural changes caused by heat treatment. The tomograms showed that the fat distribution in the meat emulsions depended on the physicochemical properties of the added fat. Use of vegetable oil resulted in homogeneous emulsions with smaller fat globules compared to the use of pork fat. This has previously been shown by the use of light micrographs. However, with the use of phase contrast imaging it was, from the same image, possible to resolve the protein phase to obtain information about the quality of the protein network and of the changes in microstructure caused by heat treatment. Further it was possible to compare the amounts of cooking loss from the emulsions. In conclusion phase contrast imaging with its high spectral resolution offers a unique possibility for studies of microstructure and is superior to histology since the information is obtained for the full volume.
Molecular characterization, multiple drug resistance, and virulence determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Lebanon.

Aims: Typing and characterization of 100 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to detect changes in the clonal composition of local strains and to correlate banding patterns with site of infection, drug resistance and Type III secretion system effectors. Methodology: A total of 100 P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from clinical specimens were used to study resistance profiles, PFGE banding patterns and virulence determinants. Results: Results from antimicrobial susceptibility testing yielded showed that 77 of the strains were multi drug resistant (MDR). Grouping isolates as non-susceptible when tested intermediate and resistant accordingly showed that resistance was 25% each for imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam, while it was 29% for ceftazidime these drugs are among the ones most commonly used in treating infections caused by P. aeruginosa. Studying effectors released by the type III secretion system including exoU and exoS revealed that 48% of the isolates harbored exoS toxin gene and 46% the exoU, with 3% having both and 8% having none. When the different pulsotypes were compared on a dendogram, 45 Short Communication British Microbiology Research Journal, 2(4): 243-250, 2012 244 groups emerged showing vast differences among the isolates. Conclusion: This study showed the emergence of drug resistance in P. aeruginosa against the antimicrobial agents being routinely used for treatment and revealed the likely presence of co-selected traits that result in highly virulent and resistant strains. Further clinical investigations are warranted to combat infections caused by this important human pathogen in Lebanon.
Characteristics in the components of the paprika by drying methods

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of paprika dried by various methods. Moisture content of dried paprika was higher in vacuum freeze-dried red paprika (DRP) (11.85%) than in vacuum freeze-drying of osmotic dried red paprika in sugar (RPS), vacuum freeze-drying of osmotic dried red paprika in fructose (RPF) and vacuum freeze-drying of osmotic dried red paprika in corn syrup (RPCS). Carbohydrate content of DRP was the lowest among the dried groups, but fat, protein, and ash contents were the highest in DRP. The pH of paprika was the highest in RPF (5.34), while it was the lowest in DRP (5.05). Reducing sugar and sugar contents of RPF were 28.59 g/100 g and 5.03 °Brix, respectively, which are the highest level among the groups. All color values in inside of paprika were the highest in RPCS, while in outside of paprika, L value is the highest in RPCS, and the value of a, b were the highest in RPS. Regarding the texture characteristics of paprika, strongness, hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness and brittleness were the highest in RPS (p<0.05).
Nutritional composition, ACE-inhibitory, and metal chelating properties ofrohu (Labeo rohita) egg protein hydrolysate produced by Alcalase.

Protein hydrolysate prepared from Rohu (Labeo rohita) egg by enzymatic hydrolysis using Alcalase was evaluated for nutritional composition, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and metal chelating properties. The hydrolysis reaction was performed for 180 min at 55±1 °C after addition of Alcalase at a level of 2% (v/w). Nutritional composition of the hydrolysate revealed the presence of high protein content (71.6%) with all essential amino acids (PDCAAS 100) and substantial amounts of n-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Molecular mass analysis confirmed the presence of small molecular mass peptides below 10 kDa. The highest angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of rohu egg peptides was found to be 45.6%. Rohu egg protein hydrolysate had good metal chelating activity in a dose dependent manner. In addition, the hydrolysate showed excellent protein solubility to above 80% over a wide pH range of 2-12. The hydrolysate exhibited good foaming and emulsification at various pH values (2-10). These results suggest that the rohu egg protein hydrolysate could be useful in health food/nutraceutical/pharmaceutical industry for several applications.
Change points of global temperature

We aim to address the question of whether or not there is a significant recent ‘hiatus’, ‘pause’ or ‘slowdown’ of global temperature rise. Using a statistical technique known as change point (CP) analysis we identify the changes in four global temperature records and estimate the rates of temperature rise before and after these changes occur. For each record the results indicate that three CPs are enough to accurately capture the variability in the data with no evidence of any detectable change in the global warming trend since ∼1970. We conclude that the term ‘hiatus’ or ‘pause’ cannot be statistically justified.
Using Structural Equation Modelling to Evaluate the Service Quality, Satisfaction and Customers Loyalty in Hypermart Department Store, Bangkalan, Indonesia

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationships among service quality, satisfaction, and customer loyalty in a department store context. The sample consisted of 198 respondents who had visited the Department store of Hypermart in Bangkalan Town Square. A structured questionnaire, with a five-point Likert scale, was used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyse the casual relationships between service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty and to evaluate the hypotheses regarding relationships among model constructs. All the hypotheses developed in the study were positively confirmed, reinforcing the theory and previous research on this field. The study also reveals interesting implications in service quality, satisfaction, and customer loyalty, useful to academics and practitioners. Managers will find this research helpful in better understanding these variables and their roles on their bussiness’ performance. This study could not be generalized widely to other locations or countries. In conclusion is that service quality had the highest correlation with customer satisfaction, but the other independent variables also significantly influence customer loyalty within an department store environment. The implication is that department store need to focus on service quality in order to improve customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The limitations and recommendations for future research were also included in this study.
Results of type C fractures of distal radius treated by volar locking plate ( VLP ) , an observational comparative study

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate volar locking plate for treatment of type C fractures of the distal radius involving the lunate facet and compare them with those without involvement in lunate facet. Methods: A total of 67 patients with die-punch fractures of the distal radius were included and analyzed. Preoperative radiographs were used to diagnose and classify this injury. Radiographs taken at immediate postoperation and at last follow-up were analyzed. The main measurements were radial subsidence, articular step-off status, volar tilt, radial inclination, wrist motion range, grip strength, DASH score and related complications. Results: At the median time of 8 weeks, bony union was reached in all participants. At the final follow-up, there were no significant difference observed in term of volar tilt and radial inclination between both groups (P, 0.732; 0.644). The radial subsidence in DP group and articular step-off was significantly greater than that of NDP group. Articular stepoff >2 mm occurred in 5 patients (23.8%) in DP group and 2 (4.3%) in NDP group (P=0.027). At 3-months after surgery, patients in DP group performed significantly worse than NDP group for most variables (P<0.05). At 6-months after surgery, the significance for wrist flexion, supination, ulnar deviation and pain perception remained. At the last follow-up, no significant differences were observed for any variable. Several minor complications occurred in either group, but with non-significance (P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared to non-die-punch fractures, patients with die-punch fractures would suffer more slowly recovery in term of wrist motion and pain perception, in addition to the increased risk of loss of reduction and final articular step-off (23.8%). In addition, the potential future radial-carpal osteoarthritis in the next few years should not be ignored, especially in those with significant articular
THE COMBINATION OF BCGSTAB WITH MULTI- FRONTAL ALGORITHM TO SOLVE FEBI-MLFMA LIN- EAR SYSTEMS ARISING FROM INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING PROBLEMS

The hybrid finite-element/boundary-integral method (FEBI) combined with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) has been applied to model the three-dimensional scattering problems of inhomogeneous media. The stabilized Bi-conjugate gradient (BCGATAB) iterative solver based on the inner-looking algorithm is proposed to solve the final FEBI linear system, and the multifrontal algorithm combined with the approximate minimal degree permutation (AMD) is used for the LU decomposition of the FEM matrix. The accuracy and efficiency of the combined algorithm has been validated in the final of the paper. Numerical results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the efficiency of FEBI for scattering problems of inhomogeneous media.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Wintertime Fjord-Shelf Interaction and Ice Sheet Melting in Southeast Greenland

A realistic numerical model was constructed to simulate the oceanic conditions and circulation in a large southeast Greenland fjord (Kangerdlugssuaq) and the adjacent shelf sea region during winter 2007–2008. The major outlet glaciers in this region recently destabilized, contributing to sea level rise and ocean freshening, with increased oceanic heating a probable trigger. It is not apparent a priori whether the fjord dynamics will be influenced by rotational effects, as the fjord width is comparable to the internal Rossby radius. The modeled currents, however, describe a highly three-dimensional system, where rotational effects are of order-one importance. Along-shelf wind events drive a rapid baroclinic exchange, mediated by coastally trapped waves, which propagate from the shelf to the glacier terminus along the right-hand boundary of the fjord. The terminus was regularly exposed to around 0.5 TW of heating over the winter season. Wave energy dissipation provoked vertical mixing, generating a buoyancy flux which strengthened overturning. The coastally trapped waves also acted to strengthen the cyclonic mean flow via Stokes’ drift. Although the outgoing wave was less energetic and located at the opposite sidewall, the fjord did exhibit a resonant response, suggesting that fjords of this scale can also exhibit two-dimensional dynamics. Long periods of moderate wind stress greatly enhanced the cross-shelf delivery of heat toward the fjord, in comparison to stronger events over short intervals. This suggests that the timescale over which the shelf wind field varies is a key parameter in dictating wintertime heat delivery from the ocean to the ice sheet. Plain Language Summary A computer simulation of the ocean around Greenland was used to study the movement of water in and out of a large fjord. This is important because warm water that gets into the fjord may come into contact with the Greenland Ice Sheet and cause it to melt. The simulation indicates that a significant amount of warm water comes into contact with the ice during the winter. This was previously difficult to measure because of the difficulties in taking direct measurements of the water during the Greenland winter.
Water, Energy, and Carbon with Artificial Neural Networks (WECANN): A statistically-based estimate of global surface turbulent fluxes using solar-induced fluorescence

A new global estimate of surface turbulent fluxes, including latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H), and gross primary production (GPP) is developed using remotely sensed Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) and other radiative and meteorological variables. The approach uses an artificial neural network (ANN) with a Bayesian perspective to learn from the training datasets: a target input dataset is generated using three independent data sources and a triple collocation (TC) algorithm to define a prior distribution. The new retrieval, named Water, Energy, and Carbon with Artificial Neural Networks (WECANN), provides surface turbulent fluxes from 2007 to 2015 at 1° × 1° spatial resolution and on monthly time resolution. The quality of ANN training is assessed using the target data, and the WECANN retrievals are validated using FLUXNET tower measurements across various climates and conditions. WECANN performs well in most cases and is strongly constrained by SIF information. The impact of SIF on WECANN retrievals is evaluated by removing it from the input dataset of the ANN, and it shows that SIF has significant influence, especially in regions of high vegetation cover and in humid conditions. When compared to in situ eddy covariance observations, WECANN typically outperforms other estimates, particularly for sensible and latent heat fluxes.
Diurnal Variations in Lower-Tropospheric Wind over Japan Part I: Observational Results using the Wind Profiler Network and Data Acquisition System (WINDAS)

This study investigates diurnal variations in lower-tropospheric wind over Japan during 2002–2008 using data from 31 stations of the Wind profiler Network and Data Acquisition System (WINDAS) and the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS). The diurnal and semidiurnal components are extracted and analyzed to identify the dominant processes for each height range and for each season. Near the surface, the diurnal component is controlled by local wind systems (e.g., land–sea breezes) throughout the year. At 1–3 km, the diurnal component is primarily controlled by the return currents of local wind systems, with additional influence by other disturbances; the superposition of these two wind systems generates amplitude maxima in spring (@0.5 m s � 1 ) and autumn (@0.6 m s � 1 ). At 3–5 km, the diurnal wind in DJF–MAM is controlled by mediumscale eastward traveling waves, which generate the amplitude maximum (@0.8 m s � 1 ) in winter–spring. In JJA– SON, the diurnal component is controlled by a large-scale wind system with an amplitude of@ 0.3 m s � 1 , probably related to the diurnal tide. At stations located on small islands located south of the Japanese mainland, the
Oxygen production and carbon sequestration in an upwelling coastal margin

We examined high‐resolution cross‐shelf distributions of particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved O2 during the upwelling season off the Oregon coast. Oxygen concentrations were supersaturated in surface waters, and hypoxic in near‐bottom waters, with greatly expanded hypoxic conditions late in the season. Simplified time‐dependent mass balances on cross‐shelf integrated concentrations of these two parameters, found the following: (1) The average net rate of photosynthesis generated 2.1 mmol O2 m−3 d−1 and (2) essentially none of the corresponding net carbon fixation of 1.4 mmol m−3 d−1 could be accounted for in the observed standing stocks of POC. After examining other possible sinks for carbon, we conclude that most of the net production is being exported to the adjacent deep ocean. A simplified POC budget suggests that about a quarter of the export is via alongshore advection, and the remainder is due to some other process. We propose a simplistic conceptual model of across‐shelf transport in which POC sinks to the bottom boundary layer where it comes into contact with mineral ballast material but is kept in suspension by high turbulence. When upwelling conditions ease, the BBL waters move seaward, carrying the suspended, ballasted POC with it where it sinks rapidly into the deep ocean at the shelf break. This suggests a mechanism whereby the duration and frequency of upwelling events and relaxations can determine the extent to which new carbon produced by photosynthesis in the coastal ocean is exported to depth rather than being respired on the shelf.
Effects of fertility control on populations of ungulates : General, stage-structured models

Regulating the abundance of ungulate populations using hunting can prevent populations from reaching levels that cause harm to natural and human dominated systems. However, there are an increasing number of cases where hunting is infeasible, and in such cases, fertility control has been widely advocated as an alternative means for controlling populations. Here, we develop simple analytical models offering general insight into the feasibility of using fertility control to regulate the abundance of ungulates. The models are structured in stages to represent variation in the duration of effect of fertility control agents. Analysis of these models offers several predictions, amenable to testing in field studies. (1) More than 50% of fertile females will need to be maintained infertile to achieve meaningful reductions in ungulate numbers even when fertility rates are low. (2) The relationship between the proportion of females maintained infertile and the steady state density is highly nonlinear. This means that small errors in estimating levels of infertility can lead to large errors in achieved density. It also means that managers should expect to see little change in steady-state density across a broad range of delivery rates. (3) The efficacy of fertility control as a management technique depends strongly on the persistence of the effect of the fertility control agent and the ability of managers to recognize previously treated animals. (4) Fertility control using long-lived agents can be more efficient than culling in regulating ungulate numbers. (5) Treating small populations with irreversible agents magnifies the likelihood of population extinction relative to treatment by culling. As with all techniques, managing population fertility must extend from a sound understanding of the influence of management actions on the state and dynamics of the population.
Correlating students’ knowledge levels of science process skills with their conceptual understanding of biology and intrinsic motivation levels a case study of Morogoro high school students in Tanzania

The aim of this study was to correlate students’ knowledge levels of science process skills with their conceptual understanding of biology and intrinsic motivation levels. Participants of the study were 263 advanced level Biology students (age range 19-20) from three selected secondary schools in Morogoro Tanzania. The three schools were Kilakala (145 students), Alfagerms (87 students) and Bigwa sisters (31 students) were involved in the study. The data were collected using i. Biology Process Skills Test-BPST”, ii. Genetics test and Science Motivation Questionnaire-II adapted by researchers by examining studies related to this field. Results showed that there was a moderate positive correlation (r= 0. 45) between science process skills and genetics knowledge. This correlation was significant at 0.05. The amount of change in science process skills level of Morogoro students also significantly correlated with their amount of change in their conceptual understanding of Biology contents (genetics being the case) with r=0.352. However, no statistically significant relationship between students’ achievement in science process skills and their intrinsic motivation to learn science were observed. The amount of change in science process skills level of Morogoro students also did not significantly correlate with their amount of change in their intrinsic motivation to learn science. 1.0 Background and problem statement 1.