Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HETEROSIS EFFECT IN HYBRID LAYING HENS

The new original egg laying lines T, P and N selected at the Institute of Agriculture - Stara Zagora were used. Hybrid Т♂ × Р♀, Р♂ × Т♀ crosses were obtained and used for paternal line. Thereafter, the following breeding schedule of paternal and maternal lines was applied: Group I - (Р♂×Т♀)♂ ×N♀; group ІІ - (Т♂×Р♀)♂ ×N♀; group ІІІ - Т♂×N♀; and group ІV - Р♂×N♀. The production traits of original and hybrid birds were recorded: live weight at the age of 8 and 18 weeks, age of sexual maturity in days, 150 days egg production, average egg weight - at 2-week intervals until end of lay; livability, heterosis effect. The live weights of hybrids at 8 and 18 weeks of age were statistically significantly lower compared to original lines. The values of heterosis for this parameter were negative for all four hybrid combinations. The earliest beginning of egg lay occurred in (Т♂×Р♀) ♂ ×N♀ (162.08 days of age) and Р♂×N♀ (163.11 days of age). The relative (%) heterosis for age of sexual maturity of studied hybrid combinations had moderate to low negative values. Average egg weights of hybrids were higher and the values of heterosis - positive for all four groups varying from 0.97% to 1.63%. The average 150 days egg production was lower in purebred lines compared to hybrids. The highest average 150 days egg production was determined in Р♂×N♀ hybrids - 142 eggs. The heterosis effect for egg production in hybrids was significant.
Prevalence of risk behaviors in young university students

Adaptar — remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material De acordo com os termos seguintes: Atribuição — Você deve dar o crédito apropriado, prover um link para a licença eindicar se mudanças foram feitas. Você deve fazê-lo em qualquer circunstância razoável, mas de maneira alguma que sugira ao licenciante a apoiar você ou o seu uso. NãoComercial — Você não pode usar o material para fins comerciais.
Hidden $U(1)$ gauge symmetry realizing a neutrinophilic two-Higgs-doublet model with dark matter

We propose a neutrinophilic two Higgs doublet model with hidden local $U(1)$ symmetry, where active neutrinos are Dirac type, and a fermionic DM candidate is naturally induced as a result of remnant symmetry even after the spontaneous symmetry breaking. In addition, a physical Goldstone boson is arisen as a consequence of two types of gauge singlet bosons and contributes to the DM phenomenologies as well as additional neutral gauge boson. Then we will analyze the relic density of DM within the safe range of direct detection searches, and show the allowed region of dark matter mass.
Effects of Crop Rotation and N-P Fertilizer Rate on Grain Yield and Related Characteristics of Maize and Soil Fertility at Bako, Western Oromia, Ethiopia

A trial was conducted to determine the effects of crop rotation with N-P rates on grain yield of maize and soil fertility in Bako over a period of five years. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with rotation crops (Niger seed, haricot bean and tef) as main factor and two levels of NP fertilizers ( half recommended (55/23 kg N-P2O5 ha-1 and recommended (110/46 kg N-P2O5 ha-1) rate as sub factor and continuous maize with three replications. Higher mean grain yield of maize was recorded from maize following rotation crops with recommended rate of fertilizer compared to continuous maize. Maize following rotation crops gave mean grain yield advantage of 640 to 830 and 1921 to 1968 kg ha-1 compared to continuous maize at half and full recommended N-P fertilizer rate. Maize following Niger seed produced mean grain yield advantage of 971 and 1527 kg ha-1 compared to haricot bean and tef. Primary nutrient (N, P and K) composition of the tissue and grain of maize were significantly higher with maize following rotation crop compared to continuous maize, indicting the enhancement of the nutrient use efficiency of maize following rotation crops. Crop rotation with fertilizer amendment improved the pH of the soil. Crop rotation and N-P amendment enabled maize yields and soil fertility to be maintained at a higher level. Multiple advantages accrue from the use of crop rotation. Higher grain yield and high net return of maize were realized following Niger seed, haricot bean and tef compared to continuous maize. Maize following Niger seed followed by haricot bean with the recommended rate of fertilizer is a better management option for sustainable maize production in Western Oromia. Keywords: Crop Rotation; Niger Seed; N-P Rate
Sauerkraut: A Probiotic Superfood

Background: Sauerkraut could potentially be a probiotic superfood. Sauerkraut does not require the use of a starter culture to cultivate these beneficial bacteria. All that is needed is a measure of salt and the cabbage. Naturally made, unprocessed sauerkraut contains probiotic microorganisms called Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). LAB is one of the most significant organisms and has established benefits. For example, Lactic Acid Bacteria has established benefits with the treatment of diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, infections (urogenital, urinary and candida). LAB have also been shown to enhance immune system function to help prevent various illnesses and promote lactose digestion. Nevertheless, there is very little conclusive evidence on how much LAB is in sauerkraut and if there is enough present to confer benefits. Purpose: Determine if various serving sizes of homemade sauerkraut (2 Tbsp., 1⁄2 cup, & 1 cup) meets the recommended CFU range in comparison to a control (supplement probiotic). Methods: Sauerkraut was prepared with no starter culture. Modified Lactobacillus Media was used to culture LAB. The capsule serving (0.8g) was diluted with 99.2g PBS (1/100) and 10g of sauerkraut was diluted with 90g PBS (1/10). For serial dilutions, 1mL of each of the samples was diluted into 9 mL MRS broth for the dilutions (10 -1 -10 -10 ). Then 1mL from each test tube is transferred into corresponding petri dishes. Melted Lactobacillus MRS agar is then mixed into each of the petri dishes. All petri dishes are then placed into a candle light jar and placed in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 o F) for 5 days. After five days, the petri dishes with 25-250 visible cultures were counted. The number counted was multiplied by the dilution which gave the total number CFUs/g. The LAB concentration of the sauerkraut was calculated by multiplying the CFU/g times the serving size. Results: The results were calculated as the mean of CFUs recorded from the 3 trials for both the control (supplement) and the sauerkraut. The control group was calculated as a mean of 4.3x107 CFUs with a Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of 3.5% CFUs. The sauerkraut averages were calculated for each of the serving sizes. The 2 Tbsp. serving has a mean of 1.5x106 (RSD= 32%), the 1⁄2 cup has a mean of 5.9x106 (RSD= 31%), and the 1 cup serving has a mean of 1.2x107 (RSD= 30%). Conclusion: The study concludes that sauerkraut (even the two Tbsp. serving) meets the recommended CFU range. Based on these findings, sauerkraut can be considered a “probiotic superfood”. Keywords: Sauerkraut, probiotic superfood, supplement probiotic, Lactobacillus
A common currency for the different ways in which patches and links can contribute to habitat availability and connectivity in the landscape

Graph structures and habitat availability metrics are two recent and complementary approaches for analysing landscape connectivity. They have gained rapid popularity and provided significant conceptual improvements for decision making in conservation planning. We present a further methodological development of the habitat availability concept and metrics by partitioning them into three separate fractions that quantify the different ways in which individual landscape elements can contribute to overall habitat connectivity and availability in the landscape, including stepping stone effects. These fractions are derived from the same concept, are measured in the same units and can be directly compared and combined within a unifying framework. This avoids the problematic and, so far, usual combination of metrics coming from different backgrounds and the arbitrary weighting of connectivity considerations in a broader context of conservation alternatives. We analyse how the relative importance of each fraction varies with species traits. In addition, we show how the critical patches differ for each of the fractions by analysing various forest habitats in the province of Lleida (NE Spain). We discuss the conceptual and conservation implications of this approach, which can be adapted to different degrees of ecological and spatial detail within the graph while still maintaining a coherent framework for the identification of critical elements in the landscape network.
Method Development and Validation of Baclofen Mouth Dissolving Tablets by UV Spectroscopy

The UV spectroscopic method of analysis is widely used for routine analytical procedure for determination of chemical compounds. The aim of this investigation was to develop and validate a simple, easy and sensitive UV spectrophotometric method for the analytical evaluation of the formulated Baclofen 5 mg experimental tablet. Baclofen shows maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 220 nm, which has been used in this study. The method provides a linear response from a quantitation range of 4µg/ml to 28 µg/ml in 0.1N HCl. The method gave satisfactory results in terms of repeatability (RSD 0.09%). The method was validated and proved to be robust and rugged. Our results demonstrate that UV spectrophometric method can be used for rapid determination of Baclofen in bulk and experimental formulation.
The Spending Multiplier in the Medium Run

Abstract Most of the discussion about fiscal stimulus focuses on the multiplier of government spending on impact. In this paper we shift the focus to the multiplier at the end, i.e., to the period in which a deficit spending program terminates. We show that recent time-series analyses and neoclassical as well new Keynesian business cycle models predict that the multiplier turns negative before spending expires. This means that aggregate output at the time of expiry of fiscal stimulus is lower than it could be without deficit spending. Here, we show why this phenomenon is a general outcome of mainstream business cycle theory and explain the underlying mechanism. Using phase diagram analysis, we prove that the aggregate capital stock at the time of expiry of fiscal stimulus is lower than it would be without a deficit spending program. This fact explains why aggregate output is below its laissez faire level as well.
Growth and Cationic Accumulation by Four Species of Plants as Influenced by Various Levels of Exchangeable Sodium1

SODIUM often makes up a considerable fraction of the total exchangeable cations in soils of arid regions; in many alkali soils Na is the predominant exchangeable cation present. The adverse effects of exchangeable Na upon the physical properties of soils are generally recognized and may be explained on the basis of the influence of this cation upon the swelling and dispersion of soil colloids. The causes of the poor growth of plants often observed upon soils containing a high proportion of exchangeable Na are not completely understood. McGeorge (14) and Breazeale and McGeorge (5) have shown that the high pH values of soils which are frequently associated with the presence of exchangeable Na may be responsible for various nutritional disorders in plants. There is also evidence that a high degree of saturation of the soil exchange complex with exchangeable Na may in itself be quite detrimental to plant growth. Ratner (17) studied the influence of various proportions of exchangeable Na and Ca upon the growth of oats_ and wheat in pot experiments and found that these crops failed to grow at exchangeable-Na-percentages of 60 to 70. He attributed plant failure to an insufficiency of Ca for plant nutrition and in a subsequent study (18) showed that wheat seedlings were unable to absorb Ca from soil having an exchangeable-Na-percentage of 40. In a similar study, Thorne (19) found that growth and Ca uptake by tomatoes were reduced when Na made up 40% of the exchangeable cations in the cultured media. Van Itallie (21), in a comprehensive pot study of growth and cationic uptake by Italian rye grass in relation to the proportions of various exchangeable cations supplied in soil, found that growth of this species was adversely affected at an exchangeable-Na-percentage of 26 and prevented at an exchangeable-Na-percentage of 51. Accumulation of Ca, Mg, and K by the top parts of this plant was found to decrease as the proportion of exchangeable Na supplied in the soil was increased. The influence of various levels of exchangeable Na upon growth and nutrient uptake by various plant species has also been studied in pot experiments by others including Lehr (13), Marshall (15), and Joffe and Zimmerman (12). Bower and Turk (3) have obtained evidence that natural soils containing high proportions of exchangeable Na may not furnish adequate supplies of Ca and possibly Mg to alfalfa. The purpose of the experiment reported herein was to obtain further information regarding the influence of various levels of exchangeable Na upon plant growth and cationic accumulation under controlled cultural conditions. In order to broaden the scope of the experiment four plant species thought to vary widely as regards their tolerance to exchangeable Na were studied. The species used were dwarf red kidney beans, garden beets, and Rhodes and Dallis grasses.
Masses of the Planetary Nebula Central Stars in the Galactic Globular Cluster System from HST Imaging and Spectroscopy

The globular cluster (GC) system of our Galaxy contains four planetary nebulae (PNe): K 648 (or Ps 1) in M15, IRAS 18333-2357 in M22, JaFu 1 in Pal 6, and JaFu 2 in NGC 6441. Because single-star evolution at the low stellar mass of present-epoch GCs was considered incapable of producing visible PNe, their origin presented a puzzle. We imaged the PN JaFu 1 with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to obtain photometry of its central star (CS) and high-resolution morphological information. We imaged IRAS 18333-2357 with better depth and resolution, and we analyzed its archival HST spectra to constrain its CS temperature and luminosity. All PNe in Galactic GCs now have quality HST data, allowing us to improve CS mass estimates. We find reasonably consistent masses between 0.53 and 0.58 M⊙ for all four objects, though estimates vary when adopting different stellar evolutionary calculations. The CS mass of IRAS 18333-2357, though, depends strongly on its temperature, which remains elusive due to reddening uncertainties. For all four objects, we consider their CS and nebula masses, their morphologies, and other incongruities to assess the likelihood that these objects formed from binary stars. Although generally limited by uncertainties (∼0.02 M⊙) in post-AGB tracks and core mass versus luminosity relations, the high-mass CS in K 648 indicates a binary origin. The CS of JaFu 1 exhibits compact, bright [O iii] and Hα emission, like EGB 6, suggesting a binary companion or disk. Evidence is weaker for a binary origin of JaFu 2.
Measuring the Agency Costs of Debt: A Simplified Approach

This paper provides a model with which the agency costs of debt can be quantitatively analyzed. The bankruptcy cost model in theories of corporate capital structure cannot explain actual financial leverage. This model extends the bankruptcy cost model by considering the agency costs. Simulation shows that the model can realize the likely capital structure for actual firms. Furthermore, for more than 500 firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the parameters of the model can be appropriately estimated, and measures of the agency costs of debt are almost consistent with past empirical research concerning the agency costs hypotheses.
Cryptic wetlands: integrating hidden wetlands in regression models of the export of dissolved organic carbon from forested landscapes

This study examines the relationship between wetlands hidden beneath the forest canopy (‘cryptic wetlands’) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export to streams and lakes in forested ecosystems. In the Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW), located in the Algoma Highlands of central Ontario, Canada, there is substantial natural variation in average annual DOC export (kgC ha−1 year−1), ranging from 11·4 to 31·5 kgC ha−1 year−1 in catchments with no apparent wetlands. We hypothesized that the natural variation in DOC export was related to cryptic wetlands. Cryptic wetlands were derived manually from geographic coordinates that were surveyed with a differential global positioning system, and automatically from identification of topographic depressions and flat slopes (<1·5° ) within a digital elevation model (DEM) in a geographic information system. For the TLW catchments, which are characterized by shallow soils over bedrock, a significant correlation (r2 ≥ 0·9, p < 0·001) between manual and automated methods was observed for scales up to 50 m when a light detection and ranging DEM was used for the topographic analysis. Regression models indicated that cryptic wetlands (%) explained the majority of the natural variation in DOC export (kgC ha−1 year−1), with r2 = 0·88 (p < 0·001) for the model based on the manually derived wetlands and r2 = 0·85 (p < 0·001) for the model based on the automatically derived wetlands. The strength and significance of the automatically derived wetlands (%) versus DOC export (kgC ha−1 year−1) regression model diminished when other sources of DEMs were used. This study emphasizes the importance of including cryptic wetlands in predictive models of DOC export, particularly in catchments where the topography includes depressions and flat areas but no apparent wetlands. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two very nearby (d ~ 5 pc) ultracool brown dwarfs detected by their large proper motions from WISE, 2MASS, and SDSS data

Aims. WISE provides an infrared all-sky survey that aims at completing our knowledge on the possibly dramatically increasing number of brown dwarfs with lower temperatures. We search for the nearest representatives of the coolest brown dwarfs, which will be very interesting for detailed follow-up observations, once they have been discovered. Methods. We used the preliminary data release from WISE, then selected bright candidates with colours typical of late-T dwarfs, and tried to match them with faint 2MASS and SDSS objects, to determine their proper motions, and to follow them up spectroscopically. Results. We have identified two new ultracool brown dwarfs with large proper motions, WISE J0254+0223 (2.5 arcsec/yr) and WISE J1741+2553 (1.5 arcsec/yr). With their w1−w2 ∼ 3. 0a ndJ−w2 ∼ 4.0 colour indices, we expect both to have spectral types of ∼T8-T10 and absolute magnitude of Mw2 ∼ 14. We confirm WISE J1741+2553 as a T9-T10 dwarf from near-infrared spectroscopy with LBT/LUCIFER1. From their bright WISE w2 magnitudes of 12.7 and 12.3, we estimate distances of 5.5 +2.3 −1.6 pc and 4.6 +1.2 −1.0 pc and tangential velocities of ∼65 km s −1 and ∼34 km s −1 that indicate Galactic thick and thin disk membership, respectively.
Future climate in world regions: an intercomparison of model-based projections for the new IPCC emissions scenarios

Projections of changes in seasonal surface air temperature and precipitation for three 30-year periods during the 21st century in 32 sub-continental scale regions are presented. This information may offer useful guidance on the selection of climate scenarios for regional impact studies. The climate changes have been simulated by seven coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), the greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing being inferred from the SRES emission scenarios A1FI, A2, B1 and B2. For a majority of the AOGCMs, simulations have only been conducted for scenarios A2 and B2. Projections for other scenarios were then extrapolated from the available runs applying a pattern-scaling technique. In tests, this method proved to be fairly accurate, the correlation between the AOGCMsimulated and the corresponding pattern-scaled response to A2 scenario for the end of the 21th century being generally ∼ 0.97− 0.99 for temperature and ∼ 0.9 or higher for precipitation. Projected changes of temperature and precipitation are presented in the form of 384 scatter diagrams. The model-simulated temperature changes were almost invariably statistically significant, i.e., they fell clearly outside the natural multi-decadal variability derived from 1000-year unforced coupled AOGCM simulations. For precipitation, fewer modelled changes were statistically significant, especially in the earliest projection period 2010-2039. Differences in the projections given by various models were substantial, of the same order of magnitude by the end of the century as differences among the responses to separate forcing scenarios. Nevertheless, the surface air temperature increased in all regions and seasons. For precipitation, changes with both sign occurred, but an increase of regional precipitation was more common than a decrease. All models simulate higher precipitation at high latitudes and enhanced summer monsoon precipitation for Southern and Eastern Asia. There was agreement between models that precipitation declines in Australia, Southern Africa and the Mediterranean region in certain seasons. The results presented on the scatter diagrams are also available in numerical form from the IPCC Data Distribution Centre.
Microbiological quality and chemical characteristics of palm oil sold within Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria

The study was carried out to assess the microbiological and chemical characteristics of palm oil sold in three markets (Terminus, Kwararafa and Angwan Rukuba) within Jos metropolis. A total of 60 samples; 20 each were collected from the three different markets in sterile bottles. The bacterial load was determined. Bacteria and fungi were isolated and identified based on their cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), moisture content (MC) and iodine value (IV) were determined. The mean bacterial load ranged from 1.61 x 104 cfu/ml to 9.4 x 104 cfu/ml with samples obtained from Kwararafa market having the highest mean bacterial load (9.4 x 104 cfu/ml), while samples obtained from Angwan Rukuba market had the least mean bacterial (1.61x104 cfu/ml). The microbial contaminants isolated were Enterobacter sp, Bacillus sp, Proteus sp, Micrococcus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A fumigatus, Candida sp, Mucor sp, and Penicillium sp. Penicillium sp. had the highest frequency of occurrence of 26.67% followed by Aspergillus niger (16.67%), while Enterobacter sp had the lowest (3.33%) frequency of occurrence. The bacterial load of palm oil samples from each of the markets fall within the minimum acceptable range stipulated by NAFDAC for oil. However, the peroxidase value, free fatty acids and moisture content were found to be high compared to standards. Keywords: Microbiological Quality, Chemical Characteristics, Palm oil, Jos metropolis.