Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causes of Traffic Accidents among Pedestrians In Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates

All Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have significantly higher traffic accident fatality rates compared with other high-income countries. According to the Ministry of Interior in the UAE, 826 people died and 9187 were severely injured as a result of traffic crashes in 2010. However, although the number of pedestrians who have died as a result of being hit by vehicles has increased in recent years, no recent studies have investigated the causes of accidents among pedestrians in the region. The aim of the study was to evaluate relevant factors related to traffic safety and accidents among pedestrians in Abu Dhabi. A self developed questionnaire was piloted in the UK and UAE. There were two versions of questionnaires distributed, one in Arabic language and the second in English language. All respondents completed and signed a consent form which included information on their rights to withdraw from the study. In addition to the profile of the respondents’ including age, gender, monthly income, education and nationality, the questionnaire data has been analysed using SPSS to evaluate responses on questions related to traffic safety and accidents. The results highlighted a number of issues that require attention in order to reduce traffic accidents. It is hoped the results of the study will lead to developing a better understanding of issues related to traffic safety and accidents related to pedestrians. It has been proposed that collaboration between all traffic safety stakeholders, including community groups and organizations should continue to be encouraged during traffic safety awareness campaigns. Key words-pedestrians, accident, safety.
Analysis of effect of alloying elements on martensite start temperature of steels

Abstract The stabilisation of austenite, a phenomenon that frequently occurs, renders the transformation from austenite to martensite difficult. The straightforward method of analysing the effect of a specific factor on the stabilisation of austenite is through its influence on the martensite start temperature M s. The present work outlines the use of an artificial neural network to model the M s of engineering steels based on their chemical composition and austenite grain size. The results are focused on elucidating the role in the stabilisation of austenite of alloying elements in steels, including less common elements such as vanadium and niobium, as well as the austenite grain size. Moreover, a physical interpretation of the results is presented.
Sick Building Syndrome: Towards Safer andHealthier Living and Working Environments inBuildings( A Case Study of a Higher Institution inNigeria)

Safety in buildings today can no longer be taken for granted nor considered purely from the point of view of prevention of building collapse and other structural failures but must now cover wider issues of prevention of home accident and protection from the hazards of microbial lives that are invading our home and working environments as these find environments more and more conducive for their growth and multiplication. Consequently, we are now sharing our living and working environments with some bacteria in spaces created by design, construction methods, wrong use of materials, poor usage by occupants, or a combination of all of these. This paper therefore examined some buildings for "sick building syndrome" to determine their state on our health conditions with respect to the level of dangers that might be imposed by them. Samples were taken of some stains on the walls of some of these buildings to establish their true nature and confirm whether or not they are merely harmless growth that might just be dusted off. These samples were taken to the microbiology laboratory for analysis and identification purposes. The results showed that the samples are not just mere harmless stains to ignore in that they contain evidence of active and harmful microbial lives that can constitute health hazard to the occupants. These microorganisms were identified, their concentrations determined and the condition that will support their growth was investigated. Microorganisms found/identified to be growing within the building elements of construction, such as insulation materials or wood construction parts and block-wall includes such bacteria as straphylococus aurens, Bacillus spp, and Pseudomonas spp. In addition four fungi genera were isolated from swab samples of visible growth on the walls and under vinyl wall coverings. These fungi genera were Aspergillus Flavus, Mucor, Penicillium spp, and Cladosporium spp. The study therefore concluded that the growths that we see on our walls and other building elements might be more than just stains of harmless nature but bacteria and/or fungal genera associated with sick building syndrome dangerous to healthy living and making our buildings unsafe for human habitation. In certain cases these conditions can be avoided during the development process or may need special attention for their eradication by use of special chemicals yet to be developed.Hasty painting over such growth might just be providing additional growth nutrients for further multiplication.
The role of orientation of crystal lattice on the development of bacterial leaching patterns on pyrite single crystals

To investigate the influence of orientation of crystal lattice on the bacterial leaching of pyrite crystals, single crystals of 100, 111 and 110 plane orientations were used for the study. Experiments were carried out in the presence of a Thiobacillus ferrooxidans culture. The different corrosion patterns observed on the surfaces of the bioleached samples suggests a variation in cell-surface interaction from one crystal plane to the other. The surface corrosion patterns generally reflected the influence of the symmetrical arrangement of the atomic planes in the lattice on which they formed. The results indicate that the surface properties of mineral sulphides may control the evolution of corrosion patterns and consequently the initial oxidation process in acid bacterial leaching.
Effect of Cumin and Lemon Grass Essential Oils on Physico- chemical Traits of ‘Askari’ Table Grape

Storage of easily rotting agricultural products is one of the greatest concerns in the postharvest industry. Storage rot is mostly due to Botrytis cinerea fungi, which cause grey mold rot in crops such as apples, strawberries, grapes and onions. Natural essential oils extracted from medicinal plants by modern methods prevent a great range of plant disease. In this study, the effects of lemon grass and cumin essential oils on the storage life of ‘Askari’ grapes were studied. Grape bunches were harvested from a commercial vineyard in the Sisakht region and treated with different concentrations of the cumin oil (0, 800 and 1000 μll-1) and lemon grass (0, 20 and 40 μll-1). Grape bunches were then packed in plastic boxes and stored at 1°C (80-85% RH) for 60 days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with three replications. Results showed that application of cumin and lemon grass essential oils significantly influences fruit firmness, berry shattering and bunch rachis browning. This was while they did not have a significant effect on fruit biochemical traits such as TSSs Besides that, results also show that grape treatment with 1000 μll-1 Cumin oil and 20 μll-1 lemon grass oil increase fruit firmness compare to control. This experiment’s findings recommend the application of 800 μll-1 Cumin and 20 μll-1 lemon grass essential oils on ‘Askari’ table grape prior to storage in order to improve and extend postharvest storage.
Characterisation of a kabylian population of rabbits in Algeria: birth to weaning growth performance

The aim of this study was to characterize the growth of rabbits of a local Algerian population (Kabylian) from birth to weaning at 28 days. A total of 216 litters from 82 females of the local population were regularly weighed between birth and weaning (28 d) in the experimental rabbitry of the Tizi-Ouzou University (100 km east of Algiers). The average weight of young rabbits at birth was 51 g. During the first three weeks of nursing, the young rabbit? s weight increased from 119 g at the end of the first week to 308 g at the end of the third week. At weaning the average weight of kits was 475 g. The 0-28 d daily weight gain (DWG) was modest (15.7g/d). DWG was significantly lower in summer (12.6 g/d) than during the three other seasons (15.9 to 16.9 g/d) mainly as a consequence of a reduced growth rate during the fourth week. There was no significant effect of season on growth rate until the age of three weeks, which implies that there was no significant effect of season on milk production of the does. The birth weight decreased from 62.1 g for kits born in litters of 1-4, to 43.0 g for those born in litters with 9 or more born alive. Similarly the DWG was reduced from 18 to 12 g/day. Individual kit? s birth weight was the smallest for primiparous does (44.2 g) when compared to multiparous does (52.7 g), but at weaning, differences were not significant (438 to 496 g for kits born from does in parity class 1 to 4 or more). These results confirm the low growth rate of this local population, but also the good resistance of does to hot summer conditions.
Structural study of a series of synthetic goethites obtained in aqueous solutions containing cadmium(II) ions

The capacity of goethite for CdII substitution has been explored in a series of synthetic samples prepared from FeIII and CdII nitrate solutions aged 21 days in alkaline media. The total metal content ([Fe]+[Cd]) was 0.071 M in all preparations. The samples have been characterized by chemical and X-ray diffraction analysis; the morphology of the solids is described. The cell parameters for all samples were obtained by the Rietveld fits to the X-ray diffraction data. Refined structures show that for samples prepared at the final molar ratio μCd≤5.50 (expressed as μCd=100×[Cd]/[Cd]+[Fe]), a (Cd, Fe)-goethite is the only crystalline product. In these samples, the unit cell parameters increased as a function of Cd concentration, indicating Cd incorporation in the structural frame. At the preparative ratio, μCd=7.03, the incorporation of Cd in the goethite structure is drastically reduced and a probable Cd-substituted hematite is formed together with the Fe,Cd-goethite.
Upward Flame Spread Over Corrugated Cardboard

As part of a study of the combustion of boxes of commodities, rates of upward flame spread during early-stage burning were observed during experiments on wide samples of corrugated cardboard. The rate of spread of the flame front, defined by the burning pyrolysis region, was determined by visually averaging the pyrolysis front position across the fuel surface. The resulting best fit produced a power-law progression of the pyrolysis front, x p = Atn, where xp is the average height of the pyrolysis front at time t, n = 3/2, and A is a constant. This result corresponds to a slower acceleration than was obtained in previous measurements and theories (e.g. n = 2), an observation which suggests that development of an alternative description of the upward flame spread rate over wide, inhomogeneous materials may be worth studying for applications such as warehouse fires. Based upon the experimental results and overall conservation principles it is hypothesized that the non-homogeneity of the cardboard helped to reduce the acceleration of the upward spread rates by physically disrupting flow in the boundary layer close to the vertical surface and thereby modifying heating rates of the solid fuel above the pyrolysis region. As a result of this phenomena, a distinct difference was observed between scalings of peak flame heights, or maximum “flame tip” measurements and the average location of the flame. The results yield alternative scalings that may be better applicable to some situations encountered in practice in warehouse fires.
The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS). Part II: Approximation schemes

Boltzmann codes are used extensively by several groups for constraining cosmological parameters with Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure data. This activity is computationally expensive, since a typical project requires from 104 to 105 Boltzmann code executions. The newly released code CLASS (Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System) incorporates improved approximation schemes leading to a simultaneous gain in speed and precision. We describe here the three approximations used by CLASS for basic ΛCDM models, namely: a baryon-photon tight-coupling approximation which can be set to first order, second order or to a compromise between the two; an ultra-relativistic fluid approximation which had not been implemented in public distributions before; and finally a radiation streaming approximation taking reionisation into account.
CLINICEFFECTS OF DIFFERENT REST INTERVALS BETWEEN SETS ON MUSCLE PERFORMANCE IN THE LEG PRESS EXERCISE IN UNTRAINED ELDERLY WOMEN

Mailing address: Laboratório de Atividade Física e Envelhecimento, Universidade Estadual Paulista – Rio Claro/SP. Avenida 24 A, 1515. Bairro: Bela Vista CEP: 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP e-mail: jambassifilho@yahoo.com. br ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the influence of two different rest intervals (RI) between sets in the leg-press exercise on the number and sustainability of repetitions and total volume in untrained elderly women. Methods: Eleven untrained elderly women (66.5 ± 5.0 years; 59.2 ± 9.1 kg; 146.4 ± 34.9 cm) were submitted to two experimental sessions of resistance exercise with intensity of 15 maximum repetitions. Each experimental session consisted of three sets performed until muscle fatigue with an RI of one (RI-1) or 3 minutes (RI-3). The experimental sessions were separated by at least 48 hours. All participants performed both protocols and a balanced cross-over outlining was used to determine the experimental sessions order. Results: For both RI between sets, significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the number and sustainability of repetitions was observed from the first to the second and third sets, and the second to the third sets. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the RI were observed in the two final sets. The total volume of the session with RI-3 was statistically higher (20.4%, P < 0.05) when compared with RI-1 session. Conclusion: The number and sustainability of repetitions and the total volume of training in untrained elderly women are influenced by the RI employed between sets. Longer RI should be used when the training goal is to increase training volume through the sustainability of repetitions. Conversely, a shorter RI should be used when the goal is to obtain higher levels of muscle fatigue.
The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG - VII. Putting exoplanets in the stellar context: magnetic activity and asteroseismology of τ Bootis A

Aims. We observed the τ Boo system with the HARPS-N spectrograph to test a new observational strategy aimed at jointly studying asteroseismology, the planetary orbit, and star-planet magnetic interaction. Methods. We collected high-cadence observations on 11 nearly consecutive nights and for each night averaged the raw FITS files using a dedicated software. In this way we obtained spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio, used to study the variation of the Ca ii H&K lines and to have radial velocity values free from stellar oscillations, without losing the oscillations information. We developed a dedicated software to build a new custom mask that we used to refine the radial velocity determination with the HARPS-N pipeline and perform the spectroscopic analysis. Results. We updated the planetary ephemeris and showed the acceleration caused by the stellar binary companion. Our results on the stellar activity variation suggest the presence of a high-latitude plage during the time span of our observations. The correlation between the chromospheric activity and the planetary orbital phase remains unclear. Solar-like oscillations are detected in the radial velocity time series: we estimated asteroseismic quantities and found that they agree well with theoretical predictions. Our stellar model yields an age of 0.9 ± 0. 5G yr forτ Boo and further constrains the value of the stellar mass to 1.38 ± 0.05 M� .
Embeddings of Besov Spaces on fractal h-sets

Let $\Gamma$ be a fractal $h$-set and ${\mathbb{B}}^{{\sigma}}_{p,q}(\Gamma)$ be a trace space of Besov type defined on $\Gamma$. While we dealt in [9] with growth envelopes of such spaces mainly and investigated the existence of traces in detail in [12], we now study continuous embeddings between different spaces of that type on $\Gamma$. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for such an embedding to hold, and can prove in some cases complete characterisations. It also includes the situation when the target space is of type $L_r(\Gamma)$ and, as a by-product, under mild assumptions on the $h$-set $\Gamma$ we obtain the exact conditions on $\sigma$, $p$ and $q$ for which the trace space ${\mathbb{B}}^{{\sigma}}_{p,q}(\Gamma)$ exists. We can also refine some embedding results for spaces of generalised smoothness on $\mathbb R^n$.
Antioxidant Mechanism of Active Ingredients Separated from Eucalyptus

The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of petroleum ether, methanolic extracts and active ingredients separated from Eucalyptus globulus using three different antioxidant assays: 2,2 diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’- azino-bis [ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (ABTS) and β-carotene bleaching assay and identify the mode of action. The results revealed that, crude methanolic extract showed higher antioxidant activity against both DPPH and ABTS radicals than petroleum ether extract. The promising methanol soluble fraction of Eucalyptus globulus wood was fractionated on a silica gel column, using hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate as the mobile phase to give three fractions (C1, C2 and C3), and both the antioxidant activity and chemical composition for raw and fractions were determined. One of the fractions isolated (C2) showed a remarkable antioxidant activity (EC 50 of 64.4 µg/ml, in comparison with 52.74 µg/ml for crude extracts) against ABTS radical method, and the chemical structures of separated active ingredients were identified using different spectroscopic methods such as 17-pentatricontene (C1), N,N-diphenyllauramide (C2) and O-benzyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-D-serine (C3). Also, the mode of action of the promising fraction was determined.
Neutron-capture elements across the Galactic thin disk using Cepheids

We present new accurate abundances for five neutron-capture elements (Y, La, Ce, Nd, Eu) in 73 classical Cepheids located across the Galactic thin disk. Individual abundances are based on high spectral resolution (R similar to 38 000) and high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N similar to 50-300) spectra collected with UVES at ESO VLT for the DIONYSOS project. Taking into account similar Cepheid abundances provided by our group (111 stars) and available in the literature, we end up with a sample of 435 Cepheids covering a broad range in iron abundances (-1.6 < [Fe/H] < 0.6). We found, via homogeneous individual distances and abundance scales, well-defined gradients for the above elements. However, the slope of the light s-process element (Y) is at least a factor of two steeper than the slopes of heavy s- (La, Ce, Nd) and r- (Eu) process elements. The s-to-r abundance ratio ([La/Eu]) of Cepheids shows a well-defined anticorrelation with both Eu and Fe. On the other hand, Galactic field stars attain an almost constant value and display a mild enhancement in La only when they approach solar iron abundance. The [Y/Eu] ratio shows slight evidence of a correlation with Eu and, in particular, with iron abundance for field Galactic stars. We also investigated the s-process index ([hs/ls]) and we found a well-defined anticorrelation, as expected, between [La/Y] and iron abundance. Moreover, we found a strong correlation between [La/Y] and [La/Fe] and, in particular, a clear separation between Galactic and Sagittarius red giants. Finally, the comparison between predictions for low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars and the observed [La/Y] ratio indicate a very good agreement over the entire metallicity range covered by Cepheids. However, the observed spread at fixed iron content is larger than predicted by current models.
Homogenization in gradient plasticity

This paper yields a two‐scale homogenization result for a rate‐independent elasto‐plastic system. The presented model is a regularization of the classical model of linearized elastoplasticity with hardening, which is extended by a gradient term of the plastic variables. The associated stored elastic energy density has periodically oscillating coefficients, where the period is scaled by ε > 0. The additional gradient term of the plastic variables z is contained in the elastic energy with a prefactor εγ (γ ≥ 0). We derive different limiting models for ε → 0 in dependence of γ. For γ > 1 the limiting model is the two‐scale model derived in [5], where no gradient term was present. For γ = 1 the gradient term of the plastic variable survives on the microscopic cell problem, while for γ ∈ [0, 1) the limit model is defined in terms of a plastic variable without microsco pic fluctuation. The latter model can be simplified to a purely macroscopic elasto‐plasticity model by homogenization of the elastic part (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatial stochastic models of HSV-2 lesion dynamics and their link with HIV-1 acquisition

Patients with Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) infection face a significantly higher risk of contracting HIV-1. This marked increase is thought to be due not only to herpetic lesions serving as an entry point for the HIV1 virus, but also to the increase in CD4+ T cells in the human genital mucosa during HSV-2 lesional events. By creating a stochastic, spatial, mathematical model describing the behaviour of the HSV-2 infection and immune response in the genital mucosa, I first capture the dynamics that occur during the development of an HSV-2 lesion. I then use this model to quantify the risk of acquiring HIV-1 in HSV-2 positive patients upon sexual exposure, and determine whether antivirals meant to control HSV-2 can decrease HIV-1 infectivity. While theory predicts that HSV-2 treatment should lower HIV-1 infection probability, my results show that this may not be the case unless a critical dosage of HSV-2 treatment is given to the patient. These results help to explain the conflicting data on HIV-1 infection probability in HSV-2 patients and allow for further insight into the type of treatment HSV-2 positive patients should receive to prevent HIV-1 infection.
Evaluation of Four Commercial Anti - Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) Vaccines under Sudan Conditions

The potency of four anti-infectious bursal disease vaccines commercially available in Sudan was evaluated. For this purpose 125 layer chicks were divided into five groups of 25 birds each. Group A, B, C and D were vaccinated with 228E, D78, Bio-Gumboro and Gumboro3 strain vaccines respectively. 228E strain is a hot vaccine while the rest are intermediate strain vaccines. While group E remain without vaccination and acted as a negative control Vaccination for each group was done twice at day 21 and 28 via drinking water route. ELISA test performed 15 days later revealed that vaccination using 228E vaccine induced the highest antibody titre and protected birds challenged at day 43 from clinical disease, postmortem gross lesions and mortality. In contrast birds vaccinated with Gumboro3 vaccine induced the lowest antibody titre. All vaccines used in the present study, except 228E vaccine, failed to protect birds fully from clinical signs, postmortem gross lesions and mortality caused by artificial challenge. The mean antibody titre of different groups was; 12521±2014.14, 4790±1234.95, 9903±966.91 and1587±824.80 and the mortality rate was 00%, 40%, 12% and 40% for group A, B, C and D respectively compared to antibody titre of 363±196.22 and mortality rate of 64% for the control group.