Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Greenway siting and design: relationships with physical activity behaviors and user characteristics.

BACKGROUND Greenways (GW) can be sited and designed in a variety of ways. However, the extent to which siting and design relate to GW user's demographic characteristics and physical activity (PA) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare 2 GWs that differed in terms of their siting and design, with respect to the aforementioned variables. METHODS A trail intercept survey measuring PA, modes of GW access, and demographics was administered on 2 GWs (GWlinear vs. GWloop), which varied in siting and design characteristics. RESULTS GWlinear (n = 216), compared with GWloop users (n = 400), accumulated significantly greater volumes of PA from both accessing and using the GW (P = .012). GW linear users were more likely to be younger, male, and never married; they were also more likely to engage in transportational PA (10.6 vs. 0.3%, P ≤ .001) and access the GW via active transit modes (37.0% vs. 4.2%, P ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS GW siting and design appears to be related to user characteristics, and the types and volumes of PA performed. These results should be considered by GW planners and designers to best serve the PA needs of the community.
A prosurvival DNA damage-induced cytoplasmic interferon response is mediated by end resection factors and is limited by Trex1

Here, McHugh and colleagues investigate the mechanisms by which antiviral type I interferon (IFN) signaling may be involved in resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy across different tumors. They demonstrate that DNA-damaging treatments used during cancer therapy lead to the release of ssDNA fragments from the cell nucleus into the cytosol, promoting an innate immune response. The factors that control DNA end resection during double-strand break repair, including the Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) and exonuclease 1 (EXO1), play a major role in generating these DNA fragments, and the cytoplasmic 3′–5′ exonuclease Trex1 is required for their degradation.
Nutrition and Growth in Cystic Fibrosis

Malnutrition is a common complication of chronic diseases in children and may lead to growth impairment (stunting). Malnutrition in cystic fibrosis (CF) results from increased energy expenditure, decreased energy intakes, malabsorption of ingested nutrients because of pancreatic insufficiency and chronic inflammation. Malnutrition and high levels of inflammatory cytokines affect IGF-1 production through interrelated mechanisms. Nutritional support was shown to improve both nutritional status and outcome in CF. However, some nutrients have a direct effect on the disease. n-3 fatty acids supplementation is able to correct lipid abnormalities resulting from a primary mechanism. Moreover, n-3 fatty acids have a direct effect on the inflammatory response, decreasing eicosanoid synthesis and modulating nuclear transcriptional factors nuclear factor ĸB and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ. Nutritional support may be considered part of the care of the CF patient together with antibiotics, pancreatic enzymes and physiotherapy, influencing significantly the evolution of the disease.
Combined Spinal Epidural Causes Higher Level of Block than Equivalent Single-Shot Spinal Anesthesia in Elective Cesarean Patients

Combined spinal epidural (CSE) is an established technique for lower segment cesarean delivery. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the spinal block from a CSE technique results in a more extensive spread of local anesthetic in the subarachnoid space than the single-shot spinal (SSS) technique. We recruited 30 ASA physical status I parturients admitted for elective lower segment cesarean delivery into our randomized, controlled, double-blind study. All patients intrathecally received 2 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. The patients were randomized into one of the two groups using sealed opaque envelopes. Group S (n = 15) received a SSS technique. Group CS (n = 15) received a CSE technique using loss of resistance to 2 mL of air, but the epidural catheter was not inserted after the intrathecal drug administration. The maximal sensory block achieved in group CS was statistically higher than that in Group S (median C6 interquartile range, C5 to C8 versus median T3, T2 to T4, P < 0.001). Time taken to reach maximal sensory block was significantly longer in group CS. There were no differences in the time taken for the block to recede to T10, hemodynamic profile, or side effects. In conclusion, the CSE technique without placing an epidural catheter or administering epidural medication resulted in a significantly higher level of sensory block when compared with the SSS technique when the same dose of local anesthetic was given intrathecally.
Accuracy of the Clinical Diagnosis of Vaginitis Compared With a DNA Probe Laboratory Standard

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of the three most common causes of acute vulvovaginal symptoms (bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis vaginitis, and trichomoniasis vaginalis) using a traditional, standardized clinical diagnostic protocol compared with a DNA probe laboratory standard. METHODS: This prospective clinical comparative study had a sample of 535 active-duty United States military women presenting with vulvovaginal symptoms. Clinical diagnoses were made by research staff using a standardized protocol of history, physical examination including pelvic examination, determination of vaginal pH, vaginal fluid amines test, and wet-prep microscopy. Vaginal fluid samples were obtained for DNA analysis. The research clinicians were blinded to the DNA results. RESULTS: The participants described a presenting symptom of abnormal discharge (50%), itching/irritation (33%), malodor (10%), burning (4%), or others such as vulvar pain and vaginal discomfort. According to laboratory standard, there were 225 cases (42%) of bacterial vaginosis, 76 cases (14%) of candidiasis vaginitis, 8 cases (1.5%) of trichomoniasis vaginalis, 87 cases of mixed infections (16%), and 139 negative cases (26%). For each single infection, the clinical diagnosis had a sensitivity and specificity of 80.8% and 70.0% for bacterial vaginosis, 83.8% and 84.8% for candidiasis vaginitis, and 84.6% and 99.6% for trichomoniasis vaginalis when compared with the DNA probe standard. CONCLUSION: Compared with a DNA probe standard, clinical diagnosis is 81–85% sensitive and 70–99% specific for bacterial vaginosis, Candida vaginitis, and trichomoniasis. Even under research conditions that provided clinicians with sufficient time and materials to conduct a thorough and standardized clinical evaluation, the diagnosis and, therefore, subsequent treatment of these common vaginal problems remains difficult. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Does Working Capital and Financial Structure Impact Profitability of Islamic and Conventional Banks Differently?

The essential factor for the financial growth of a country is a stable banking system. Over the past few years, Islamic banking industry of Pakistan has grown substantially; however, it faces many challenges regarding its financial stability. This study examines the impact of working capital and financial structure on Pakistan banking sector profitability. The study used generalize least square (GLS) estimation analysis on 5 Islamic banks over the period 2006 to 2014 and 15 conventional banks from 2008 to 2014. Return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and net income (NI) are used as dependent variables. Working capital and proportion of funds provided by bank creditors are used as independent variables. Bank size, deposit ratio, gross domestic product (GDP) and inflation (CPI) are used as control variables to control heterogeneity and co-linearity among variables. Study found an increase in working capital results decrease in the profitability of Islamic and conventional banks. However, financial leverage has statistically significant positive impact on profitability of Islamic banks and vice versa for conventional banks.
Treatment of Patients with Mild Hemophilia-A and Low Titer Inhibitor during Operations : Report of a Case

There is little data for the management of patients with mild hemophilia-A and inhibitors concerning prophylaxis before operations and in the postoperative period. We report a case of an adult with mild hemophilia-A and a low-titer inhibitor who successfully underwent hemorrhoidectomy without post-operative bleeding. An increased dose of F-VIII concentrate was given before operation and a bypassing agent with desmopressin were given after operation. The main challenge in that case was not to trigger the inhibitor and change the clinical phenotype to severe.
Political Controversies in Brazilian TV Fiction

This article discusses the Brazilian telenovela Terra Nostra, a prime-time production of TV Globo. The telenovela presented a complex picture of nineteenth-century Brazilian politics and of the saga of Italian immigrants, with a plurality of perspectives about these themes. A series of focus group discussions with viewers of different social backgrounds, concentrating on the political messages of the telenovela, reveals the complexity of audience responses. The author finds that the telenovela played an “orientation role,” providing interpretive frames that were often applied by viewers to current political issues. Even though they are frequently looked at with disdain, telenovelas have become key to understanding the dilemmas and perspectives of democratic politics in Brazil.
User Experiences and Acceptance Scenarios of NFC Applications in Security Service Field Work

The goal of the study was to understand how security service personnel experienced the usability, reliability and work performance effects of the current NFC service in use, what were the key development needs related to the information management and communication in their work, and which of the future NFC scenarios were found to be potentially most attractive. The results of the study show that user experiences of the NFC service were moderately positive, though there were mixed results considering the performance effects of use of NFC services. Potential usefulness of proposed future NFC service functionalities was considered quite high.
Gender Preference and its Implications on Reproductive Behavior of Mothers in a Rural Area of West Bengal

A sloka of Atharvaveda says, “The birth of a girl, grant it elsewhere. Here grant a son. ” Thousands of years later, this saying stands very true in modern times as well, when, despite the so-called modernity, industrialization, literacy and equality, parents still pray thus. (1) One of the most significant features of the twentieth century has been the dramatic decline in fertility and explicit preference for smaller families in most parts of East and South Asia; this rather than reducing, has exacerbated the preference for a son, leading to an increased discrimination against daughters. The most disturbing and alarming aspect of the census report (2001) of India is the sharp fall in the sex ratio of children between the age of 0 and 6 years from 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2001. The adverse child sex ratio in the most prosperous states of the country is in a grim situation. The child sex ratio in states such as Punjab and Haryana, which have the highest per capita income, is as low as 793 and 820, respectively. The unfavorable ratio for the girl child (0–6 years) in the prosperous states of North India could be attributed to gender-selective abortion, thereby interrupting the natural course of reproduction. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the attitude of mothers toward their preference for the gender of children and its effect on their reproductive behavior.
Using IRS Data to Identify Income Shifting Firms

We develop and validate a firm-level measure of cross-jurisdictional income shifting and then test whether “income mobile” firms incur more negative IRS audit outcomes. Results suggest income mobile firms are no more likely to be audited than other multinational entities (MNEs), but they are more likely to receive a proposed deficiency from the IRS and to have a greater proportion of their originally claimed tax benefits challenged upon audit. At the conclusion of the exam, appeals and counsel progress, income mobile firms lose a greater portion of their claimed tax savings. However, because income mobile firms are better able to exploit opportunities to minimize U.S. taxes, their total U.S. taxes paid as a percentage of pre-tax income remains lower than other MNEs despite their more negative audit outcomes. Our contribution is using confidential IRS tax return data to inform the debate over U.S. tax outcomes for income mobile firms.
The role of cortical and hypothalamic histamine‐3 receptors in the modulation of central histamine neurotransmission: an in vivo electrophysiology and microdialysis study

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of histamine‐3 (H3) receptors, expressed in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) of the hypothalamus and in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), on histamine neurotransmission in the rat brain. The firing activity of histamine neurons in the TMN was measured using in vivo extracellular single‐unit electrophysiology, under propofol anesthesia. Extracellular histamine levels were determined using the dual (PFC and TMN) probe microdialysis, in freely‐moving animals. Histamine levels in dialysates were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence detection. It was found that systemic administration of the selective H3‐agonist, immepip, decreases, and the reverse H3/H4‐agonist, thioperamide, increases the firing activity of histamine neurons in the TMN and the release of histamine in TMN and PFC. Local perfusion of immepip into the TMN increased, and thioperamide decreased, histamine levels in the TMN but not in the PFC. Local perfusion of immepip into the PFC, however, decreased extracellular histamine levels in both TMN and PFC. It can be concluded that brain H3 receptors, and especially those expressed in the PFC, play an important role in the autoregulation of histamine neurotransmission. It is possible that H3 receptors in the PFC are expressed on pyramidal neurons projecting to the TMN, and activation of these receptors diminishes glutamate excitatory input from PFC to the TMN. As the brain histamine system has a role in pathophysiology of psychotic, affective, cognitive, sleep and eating disorders, H3 receptors are potential targets for future CNS medications.
Randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine plus S-1 combination therapy versus S-1 in advanced biliary tract cancer: Results of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group study (JCOG0805).

255 Background: Gemcitabine plus cisplatin combination (GC) therapy is the standard therapy for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). In previous trials, gemcitabine plus S-1 combination (GS) therapy and S-1 mono-therapy had shown considerable efficacy in patients with BTC. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the two regimens and to determine which is more promising as a test arm regimen for a subsequent phase III trial. METHODS Chemotherapy-naive patients with recurrent or unresectable BTC (gallbladder [GB], intrahepatic biliary duct [IHBD], extrahepatic biliary duct [EHBD], ampulla of Vater [AV]), an ECOG PS of 0 - 1, and adequate organ function were randomly assigned to receive GS (gemcitabine: 1000 mg/m2, iv, days 1 and 8; S-1: 60 mg/m2, p.o., days 1 - 14, every 3 weeks) or S-1 (80 mg/m2, p.o., days 1 - 28, every 6 weeks). We assumed that %1-year survival of one regimen is 30% and that of the other regimen is more than 40%. To ensure at least 85% probability of correct selection, 98 eligible pts are required. The decision rule was that the regimen with higher %1-year survival will be considered as more promising regimen. RESULTS From February 2009 to April 2010, 101 pts (GB, n=38; IHBD, n=35; EHBD, n=20; AV, n=8) were randomized (GS, n=51; S-1, n=50). For the GS arm and S-1 arm, %1-year survivals were 52.9% and 40.0%, the median survival time were 12.5 and 9.0 months (hazard ratio 0.86 [95%CI 0.54-1.36]; p=0.52), and the median progression-free survival time were 7.1 and 4.2 months (0.44 [0.29-0.67]; p<0.0001). Grade 3/4 hematological toxicities were more frequent in the GS arm than in the S-1 arm, (percentage in GS/S-1 arms): neutropenia, 60.8/4.0; leukocytopenia, 29.4/2.0; hemoglobin, 11.8/4.0; and thrombocytopenia, 11.8/4.0; respectively. Although two treatment-related deaths occurred in the GS arm (pneumonitis, acute myocardial infarction), other grade 3/4 non-hematological toxicities were infrequent and reversible in both arms. CONCLUSIONS The GS arm was superior in %1-year survival to S-1. Here we consider GS to be more promising as the test arm for a subsequent phase III trial comparing with GC.
Interactions between supplemented mineral phosphorus and phytase on phytate hydrolysis and inositol phosphates in the small intestine of broilers1,2.

Phytate breakdown in the digestive tract of broilers is affected by supplements of mineral phosphorus (P) and phytase with unknown interactions between the 2 factors. It was the objective to study phytate hydrolysis and the presence of inositol phosphate isomers (InsPs) as affected by supplements of mineral P and phytase in the small intestine of broilers. Fifteen-day old broilers were assigned to 48 pens of 20 broilers each (n = 8 pens/treatment). Two low-P corn-soybean meal-based diets without (BD-; 4.4 g P/kg dry matter) or with monocalcium phosphate (MCP; BD+; 5.2 g P/kg dry matter) were supplied without or with added phytase at 500 or 12,500 FTU/kg. On d 24, digesta from the duodenum/jejunum and lower ileum was pooled per segment on a by-pen basis, freeze-dried, and analyzed for P, InsPs, and the marker TiO2. Another 180 broilers (n = 6 pens/treatment, 10 birds each) were fed the 3 BD+ diets from d 1 to 21 to assess the influence of supplemented phytase on tibia mineralization and strength. Significant interactions between MCP and phytase supplements on myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP6) hydrolysis (duodenum/jejunum: P ≤ 0.001; ileum: P = 0.004) and level of specific lower InsPs were detected. Supplementation with 12,500 FTU/kg phytase resulted in 92% InsP6 hydrolysis and strong degradation of InsP5. This treatment resulted in higher P net absorption, affirmed by higher BW gain, tibia strength, and mineralization compared to treatments without or with 500 FTU/kg phytase (P ≤ 0.05). MCP supplementation reduced the degradation of InsP6 and specific lower InsPs in birds fed diets without or with 500 FTU/kg of phytase (P ≤ 0.05), but did not reduce InsP6 hydrolysis or degradation of InsP5 at the high phytase dose. Effects of added MCP on phytase efficacy depend on the dose of supplemented phytase. Differences in the concentrations of lower InsPs indicated that the initial step of InsP6 hydrolysis is not the only catabolic step that is influenced by MCP or phytase levels.
How team social resources affect team performance

Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration.
Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kebijakan Dividen Pada Perusahaan Publik Di Indonesia

The objective of this research is to analysis what factors influence dividend payout ratio The proposed hypothesis in this research are : (HI) insider ownership, institusional ownership, firm size, firm growth, and debt policy simultaneously influential to dividend payout ratio, (H2) insider ownership, institusional ownership, firm size, growth, and debt policy according to partial influential to dividend payout ratio. The population of this research was listed all compa- nies at Indonesia Stock Exchange(IDX) in 2005-2007, and the sample was determined based on the purposive sampling method. The amount of the sample was 17 companies from three (3) years observation (2005-2007). Multiple Regression Method used to analysis influence independent variable to dependent variable. Assumption classic tests are done, there are normality test with graph analysis normal plot, heteroskedasticity test with graph scatter plot analysis, autocorrelation test with Durbin-Watson test, and multicolinearily test with VIF test. The hypothesis is tested by F~ test and T- lest. The result of hypothesis testing show F~ test significant (p value > 0,05), so HI accepted or insider ownership, institusional ownership, firm size, growth, and debt policy simultaneously influential to dividend payout ratio. According to partial variabel institusional ownership, firm growth influential to dividend payout ratio. Keywords : dividend policy, ownership, firm, debt
Variational Approaches for Auto-Encoding Generative Adversarial Networks

Auto-encoding generative adversarial networks (GANs) combine the standard GAN algorithm, which discriminates between real and model-generated data, with a reconstruction loss given by an auto-encoder. Such models aim to prevent mode collapse in the learned generative model by ensuring that it is grounded in all the available training data. In this paper, we develop a principle upon which auto-encoders can be combined with generative adversarial networks by exploiting the hierarchical structure of the generative model. The underlying principle shows that variational inference can be used a basic tool for learning, but with the in- tractable likelihood replaced by a synthetic likelihood, and the unknown posterior distribution replaced by an implicit distribution; both synthetic likelihoods and implicit posterior distributions can be learned using discriminators. This allows us to develop a natural fusion of variational auto-encoders and generative adversarial networks, combining the best of both these methods. We describe a unified objective for optimization, discuss the constraints needed to guide learning, connect to the wide range of existing work, and use a battery of tests to systematically and quantitatively assess the performance of our method.
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of disodium 5′-ribonucleotides, disodium 5′-guanylate, disodium 5′-inosinate for all animal species and categories

The flavours included in this assessment are widely present in nature as the building blocks of DNA and RNA. In the absence of any information on the microbial strains or substrates used for the production of the additives, and with little information on the manufacturing process, the FEEDAP Panel is unable to ascertain whether the manufacturing process introduces any safety concerns. Disodium 5′-guanylate and disodium 5′-inosinate and their mixture are considered to be safe for the target animals and the consumer. However, considering the lack of information on the production process, these conclusions apply only to the compounds „per se‟ and their extrapolation to any feed additive containing these compounds is not possible. In the absence of any data related to hazard to the user, it would be prudent to regard disodium 5′-guanylate and disodium 5′-inosinate and their mixture as potentially hazardous to workers by skin or inhalation exposure. The compounds under assessment are naturally present in feed materials; therefore, no risk to the safety for the environment is foreseen. Since these compounds are used in food as flavourings, and their function in feed is essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy is necessary. © European Food Safety Authority, 2014