Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prophylaxis of anaemia in pregnancy.

U RING the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the recognition of folic acid deficiency in pregnancy and in the puerperium. The place and dosage of folic acid supplements, however, remain controversial. The definition of the normal range of haemoglobin levels, and thus of anaemia in pregnancy also remain controversial (Hytten and Leitch 1964). However, it has been clearly shown that low maternal haemoglobin levels are associated not only with an increased foetal mortality rate (Butler and Bonham 1963), but also with a number of 'avoidable' maternal deaths (H.M.S.O. 1963 and 1966). The following study was undertaken to compare the effects of two different treatment regimes on haemoglobin levels in pregnancy.
TrumpBot: Seq2Seq with Pointer Sentinel Model

Recurrent neural networks have become prominent across many natural language processing tasks, from named entity recognition to machine translation. We apply a Seq2Seq model to the goal of creating a chatbot able to return self-generated text responses based on arbitrary inputs. In doing so, we explore the beneﬁts of encoder-decoder networks, trade-offs between lacking data versus cross-training, various attention scoring functions, and ﬁnally, an attempt at adapting Pointer Sentinel Mixture Model to a dynamic length decoder. In order to create a chatbot of speciﬁc persona, we also scraped Twitter and the general web for public data of speech in the style of Donald Trump.
Sorption of humic acids and α‐endosulfan by clay minerals

Sorption of α‐endosulfan by kaolinite and montmorillonite alone and in the presence of sorbed and dissolved humic acid (HA) was investigated (pH 8 and 25°C). Three types of HA, Elliot soil HA (EHA), Peat HA (PHA), and Summit Hill HA (SHHA), were used to represent typical humic substances found in soils. For sorption of HA by either mineral, Freundlich sorption coefficient (Kf) values appeared to decrease in the order of EHA > PHA > SHHA, which followed increasing polarity (expressed as the O/C atomic ratio) and decreasing percent‐carbon content. For both clays, sorption of α‐endosulfan by the HA mineral complex was greater than for sorption by the clay alone. Sorption of α‐endosulfan by the HA mineral complexes followed the same order as the Kf of the HAs (EHA > PHA > SHHA). Based on the amount of HA adsorbed by each mineral, organic carbon partition coefficients (KOC) were determined for sorption of α‐endosulfan by two of the HA mineral complexes. The value of KOC for α‐endosulfan sorption was greater for kaolinite EHA than kaolinite SHHA. However, the opposite trend was found with the montmorillonite HA complexes. Montmorillonite appeared to sorb α‐endosulfan and/or HA with higher affinity than kaolinite, which likely is due to its 2:1 layer structure and higher surface area. Sorption of endosulfan diol, a hydrolysis product, by the minerals was much less than the parent pesticide.
Health‐related quality of life and its relationship to cognitive and emotional functioning in multiple sclerosis patients

The existing knowledge about the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and its relationship to cognitive and/or emotional functioning in multiple sclerosis (MS) is scarce. We assessed differences between subgroups of MS outpatients (n = 209) on one HRQoL instrument: a version of the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis quality of life instrument; on two cognitive functioning tests: the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the clock drawing test; and on two emotional functioning tests: the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety. Three disease‐related characteristics were assessed: physical disability, duration of the illness, and clinical course. The results showed that each of these has an effect on at least one dimension of HRQoL and on one mental functioning test. Thus, the more severe, the more progressive, and the longer the illness duration, the lower the HRQoL. Likewise, cognitive mean scores decreased and emotional mean scores increased with greater illness severity and progressive the MS. Furthermore, we also found significant correlations between cognitive and emotional functioning tests and HRQoL dimensions. Thus, the worse cognitive functioning and the higher depressive and anxiety symptoms score the lower the HRQoL.
The increasing complexity of the intratubular Renin-Angiotensin system.

The presence of receptors for angiotensin II (AII) on the luminal membranes of various nephron segments has been well established for many decades. [1][1],[2][2] Originally their function remained unclear because tubular fluid AII concentrations were thought to be quite low due to the presence of
Metacognitive Reading Strategy Training of Advanced Level EFL Learners in Turkey

This study investigated the effects of the metacognitive reading strategy training programme (METARESTRAP) on metacognitive reading strategy employment and reading comprehension. The quasi-experimental study was conducted with 46 preparatory class students at English Language Teaching and English Language and Literature Departments of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University. Pre and post tests of reading comprehension and metacognitive reading strategy questionnaire were administered and the METARESTRAP was implemented to the experimental group. The results revealed that the experimental group participants stimulated their metacognitive reading strategy employment after the implementation which resulted in better reading comprehension as they were familiar with strategies in terms of declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge. It might be concluded that the participants benefited from the implementation specifically for matching and multiple choice questions.
Predicting mortality in the elderly with community-acquired pneumonia: should we design a new car or set a new ‘speed limit’?

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common illness associated with increasing mortality rates that parallel the site of care. While outpatients have a risk of dying of <5%, those in hospital have a mortality rate of 12% and those managed in the ICU can have a chance of dying that exceeds 30%. 1 In addition, delayed recognition of severe illness can add to mortality, with those admitted to the ICU late in the course of disease having a higher mortality than those admitted early.2 Thus, patient outcome is dependent on making an accurate assessment about where patients should be initially managed and the intensity of care that they should receive. To this end, a number of prognostic scoring systems have been developed for patients with CAP that can predict the mortality risk, which is then often applied as a surrogate for deciding the initial site of care.1 3 4 Unfortunately, the risk of death is not always correlated with the need for a high level of care including need for ICU admission. In fact, patients who are young and otherwise healthy may benefit from ICU admission yet have a much lower predicted mortality risk than older patients with multiple medical comorbidities who may benefit little from admission to a hospital unit that provides a high level of care. Accurate definition of the site of care not only impacts mortality, but also the cost of care which rises incrementally from outpatient to inpatient to ICU management. The most commonly used tools for predicting mortality—the CURB-65 (confusion, elevated blood urea nitrogen, elevated respiratory rate, low blood pressure and age >65 years), derived from the British Thoracic Society rule,5 and the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI)1—predict mortality by giving a point …
Dynamic Resistance Measurement of a Four-Tape YBCO Stack in a Perpendicular Magnetic Field

Dynamic resistance occurs when HTS (high-temperature superconductor) coated conductors carry dc current under ac magnetic field. This dissipative effect can play a critical role in many HTS applications. Here, we report on dynamic resistance measurements of a four-tape YBCO stack comprising 4-mm-wide coated conductors, which experience an applied ac perpendicular magnetic field with an amplitude of up to 100 mT. Each tape within the stack carries the same dc current. The magnetic field amplitude, the frequency of the magnetic field, and the dc current magnitude are varied to investigate the influence of these parameters on the dynamic resistance. We find that the threshold field of the stack is significantly larger than that of a single tape when dc current is small, which we attribute to coherent shielding effects from circulating currents present in each wire in the stack.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Is a Challenging Diagnosis: A Systematic Pathology Review, Immunohistochemistry, and Molecular Analysis in 160 Patients From the French Sarcoma Group Database

An accurate histopathologic diagnosis is essential for an adequate treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. The diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) can be complex, particularly outside the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) context. MPNST is a rare malignancy, and due to the lack of specific histologic criteria, several differential diagnoses must be considered. A total of 350 patients diagnosed with MPNST (from 1990 to 2013) were retrieved from the French sarcoma network (RRePS) and the Conticabase (Connective Tissue Cancer Network database). Tumor samples were available for 160 cases (45.2%). Pathology review, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular analysis (when dealing with a monomorphic sarcoma) were systematically performed. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were evaluated to identify prognostic factors for the definitive primary MPNST (n=106) cohort. Twenty-nine tumors (18.1%) initially diagnosed as MPNST were reclassified on the basis of histologic review, IHC, and molecular analysis. Patients with NF1 disease comprised 64% of the remaining cohort. The 5-year overall survival for patients from the entire cohort was 47%, 34.8% for NF1 patients, and 68.5% for patients without NF1 disease, making NF1 syndrome an independent poor prognostic factor of survival. Positive margins and lack of radiation therapy were independent predictors of local recurrence. The Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer tumor grade was an independent prognostic indicator of metastasis. Given the therapeutic implications of a misdiagnosis, the systematic pathology review, IHC, and molecular analysis (when dealing with monomorphic sarcoma) strategy allowed reclassification of 20% of cases, mainly the sporadic MPNSTs.
Passive transfer studies with type II collagen antibody in B10.D2/old and new line and C57Bl/6 normal and beige (Chediak-Higashi) strains: evidence of important roles for C5 and multiple inflammatory cell types in the development of erosive arthritis.

C5-normal B10.D2/new line mice were susceptible to passively transferred arthritis from purified type II collagen antibody, and in vitro studies demonstrated that, when bound to cartilage, this antibody readily activated complement C5 to C5a. C5-deficient B10.D2/old line mice failed to develop passively transferred arthritis, despite the deposition of antibody and C3 along the cartilage surface. C57Bl/6 mice were susceptible to passively transferred arthritis, which was characterized in histopathologic studies as an erosive synovitis involving multiple inflammatory cell types. In contrast, neither clinical nor histologic evidence of arthritis was observed in C57Bl/6 mice with the beige mutation (Chediak-Higashi syndrome).
The effect of thermocycling on the fracture toughness and hardness of core buildup materials.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Thermocycling has been shown to cause surface degradation of many dental materials, but its effect on the fracture toughness and hardness of direct core buildup materials is unknown. PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the effect of thermocycling on the fracture toughness and hardness of 5 core buildup materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen specimens were prepared from each of the following materials: Fluorocore, VariGlass VLC, Valiant PhD, Vitremer, and Chelon-Silver. American Standard for Testing Materials guidelines for single-edge notch, bar-shaped specimens were used. Ten specimens of each material were thermocycled for 2000 cycles; the other 5 specimens were not thermocycled. All specimens were subjected to 3-point bending in a universal testing machine. The load at fracture was recorded, and the fracture toughness (K(IC)) was calculated. Barcol hardness values were also determined. Data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and compared with the Tukey multiple range test (P<.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient was also calculated to measure the association between fracture toughness and hardness. RESULTS Fluorocore had the highest thermocycled mean K(IC) and Valiant PhD the highest non-thermocycled K(IC). Chelon-Silver demonstrated the lowest mean K(IC) both before and after thermocycling. One-way analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences between conditions, and the Tukey test showed significant differences (P<.05) between materials for both conditions. Most specimens also showed significant hardness differences between conditions. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated only a mild-to-moderate correlation between hardness and fracture toughness. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the thermocycling process negatively affected the fracture toughness and hardness of the core buildup materials tested.
Effect of subgingival scaling during supportive therapy.

BACKGROUND, AIMS This prospective study was designed to investigate the rôle of root débridement at 3 month intervals for patients with periodontitis whose disease had persisted following the completion of conventional periodontal treatment. METHODS 39 maintenance patients with at least 4 pockets at least 4 mm deep were assigned to coronal scaling (CS) and subgingival scaling (SS) groups. Probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and relative attachment levels (RAL) were recorded at all eligible sites at baseline and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months later. Plaque index scores were recorded at the 12-month visit. At every visit, following data collection, both groups received a coronal scaling and the SS group, in addition, received a thorough subgingival débridement. In the CS group, subgingival débridement was performed only for 'loser' sites which inhibited loss of attachment > or = 2 mm relative to baseline values. Due to low compliance, only 31 patients completed the study. Thus, data analyses were carried out for 130 sites in 17 CS group patients and 146 sites in 14 SS group patients. RESULTS During the course of the study, 21 loser sites were identified in each group, but the difference in proportion of loser sites between groups was not significant. Furthermore, although there was a trend toward PD reduction in both groups throughout the study, mean PD, RAL and BOP values were not significantly different from baseline values at any time point, and there were no significant differences between groups with respect to these variables. Mean plaque scores measured at the 12-month visit revealed no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION These findings call into question the value of performing repeated subgingival scaling at 3-month intervals for patients with persistent disease.
The Restricted Expression of Granzyme M in Human Lymphocytes1

We have analyzed the expression of human granzyme M (Gzm M) in various human leukocyte subsets using the specific mAb 4H10. Using FACS and Western blotting analysis we compared the expression of Gzm M with that of other granzymes (Gzm A and Gzm B) and the lytic protein perforin. Human Gzm M was constitutively highly expressed in NK cells as was perforin and Gzm A. Surprisingly, freshly isolated NK cells had very low (sometimes undetectable) levels of Gzm B. In contrast to Gzm B and perforin, Gzm M was not detected in highly purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells either constitutively or after short term activation in vitro. However, low levels of Gzm M were observed in some T cell clones on prolonged passage in vitro. Gzm M was not detected in highly purified neutrophils, monocytes, or tumor cells of the myelomonocytic lineage. Examination of minor T cell subsets from human peripheral blood showed detectable Gzm M in CD3+, CD56+ T cells and γδ T cells. A histological staining procedure was developed that demonstrated a granular staining pattern for Gzm M and a cellular distribution similar to that observed by Western blotting. These data indicate that the expression of Gzm M does not always correlate with the lytic activity of cytotoxic cells. However, expression of Gzm M in NK cells, CD3+, CD56+ T cells, and γδ T cells suggests that this enzyme may play some role in innate immune responses.
cis-Dichloridobis(1,10-phenanthroline)chromium(III) chloride

In the title complex, [CrCl2(C12H8N2)2]Cl, the CrIII ion is situated on a twofold rotation axis and displays a slightly distorted octahedral CrCl2N4 coordination geometry. The Cr environment is composed of a cis arrangement of two 1,10-phenanthroline and two chloride ligands. The chloride counter-anion exhibits half-occupation and is equally disordered over two positions.
Reaction of the Adrenal Cortex to Emotional Stress

Summary Adrenocortical reaction to emotional stress was determined in groups of subjects who were studied during life situations of emotional perturbation, as well as under conditions of experimentally contrived emotional disturbances. The level of the 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids in the peripheral blood and 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids conjugated as glucuronides in the urine served as the measures of adrenocortical function. These emotional disturbances caused consistent but modest increases in the 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids in the blood and urine. Plasma steroid values remained within the normal physiological range under the influence of emotional upset. These changes were less than those observed following the intravenous administration of ACTH, Piromen, insulin, or electroshock treatment and moderate exercise.
Good long‐term efficacy of pallidal stimulation in cervical dystonia: a prospective, observer‐blinded study

Background and purpose: Deep brain stimulation of the internal globus pallidus (GPi‐DBS) is established as an effective treatment of primary generalised dystonia in controlled studies. In cervical dystonia (CD), only one previous study has reported observer‐blinded outcome assessment of long‐term GPi‐DBS, with 1‐year follow‐up.
Low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle inflammation: evaluation of irradiation parameters

Abstract. We evaluated the effect of different irradiation parameters in low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for treating inflammation induced in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats through cytokines concentration in systemic blood and analysis of muscle tissue. We used continuous (830 and 980 nm) and pulsed illuminations (830 nm). Animals were divided into five groups per wavelength (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mW), and a control group. LLLT was applied during 5 days with a constant irradiation time and area. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Inflammatory cells were counted using microscopy. Identical methodology was used with pulsed illumination. Average power (40 mW) and duty cycle were kept constant (80%) at five frequencies (5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 Hz). For continuous irradiation, treatment effects occurred for all doses, with a reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines and inflammatory cells. Continuous irradiation at 830 nm was more effective, a result explained by the action spectrum of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). Best results were obtained for 40 mW, with data suggesting a biphasic dose response. Pulsed wave irradiation was only effective for higher frequencies, a result that might be related to the rate constants of the CCO internal electron transfer process.
Comparative description of migrant farmworkers versus other students attending rural south Texas schools: substance use, work, and injuries.

CONTEXT Little is known about substance use, work characteristics, and injuries of youth from migrant farmworker families. Some evidence suggests that migrant youth may be at greater risk for substance use and work-related injuries than nonmigrant youth. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to compare substance use, employment, and injury data from migrant and nonmigrant youth residing in rural South Texas. METHODS Anonymous cross-sectional survey data were collected from 7,302 middle and 3,565 high school students during a regular class. Classification as a migrant student occurred if the student responded positively to: "Does your family move around the state or nation to pick fruits or vegetables for work? " RESULTS About 5% of South Texas middle and high school students reported belonging to a migrant family. Compared to nonmigrant students, migrant youth were more likely to report frequent substance use. Youth belonging to migrant families were less likely to work for pay on weekends but more likely to work for pay on weekday mornings before school. These youth were also more likely to have ever been injured while working than nonmigrant students. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a need for additional interventions in this most vulnerable rural population. Specifically, targeted educational programs to enhance the occupational safety and health of migrant youth, further research into effective substance abuse treatment and prevention programs in rural areas, and enhancement of child labor laws are recommended.
The president's fiscal year 2007 initiative for human immunodeficiency virus counseling and testing expansion in the United States: a scenario analysis of its coverage, impact, and cost-effectiveness.

INTRODUCTION When adjusted for inflation, the federal investment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention in the United States has been trending downward for several years. However, for fiscal year 2007, President Bush has proposed to Congress a $93 million increase in HIV prevention efforts focused on HIV counseling and rapid testing in high-risk communities. OBJECTIVE Here, we estimate the coverage level of an investment of $93 million for rapid testing and counseling services, estimate the number of HIV infections that might be expected to be prevented by this initiative, and calculate the cost-per-infection-prevented. METHODS Standard methods of scenario and cost-effectiveness analysis were employed, and a 1-year time horizon was used. Calculations were done assuming both a societal perspective and a payor perspective. RESULTS Assuming full societal perspective costs, about 1.4 million clients could be reached, but if the payor's perspective is used (and clients are assumed to absorb the costs of their time spent and transportation), then coverage could expand to 2.9 million clients. Depending on the perspective used, it is estimated that between 13,014 and 26,984 persons living with HIV could newly learn their serostatus, and that between 1,223 and 2,537 HIV infections could be prevented as a function of the initiative. Under both societal and payor perspectives, the gross cost per infection averted is less than the medical care costs for one case of HIV disease. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the president's proposed $93 million initiative for HIV counseling and rapid testing in the United States would have favorable public health benefits and be cost saving to society (even if it does not address all unmet HIV prevention needs in the United States). However, future research should seek to determine whether rapid counseling and testing are the optimal use of a new $93 million investment in HIV prevention.