Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oscillation potential in strychninized olfactory bulb.

1. In the strychninized olfactory bulb of curarized rabbits, single shock stimulation of the olfactory epithelium was found to bring about a monophasic negative wave of 20-40msec. duration (N-potential) followed by a train of 30-50 cps oscillatory wave lasting 200-400msec. (R-wave). The properties of the R-wave were studied in comparison with the induced wave and the N-potential.2. The R-wave and the induced wave readily disappeared after intravenous injection of pentobarbital sodium. The N-potential was more resistant than the R-wave or the induced wave.3. During asphyxia, the R-wave was lost simultaneously with the induced wave.4. The R-wave disappeared during anterior commissure stimulation and augmented in the post-stimulation period, just as did the induced wave.5. By high frequency stimulation in the mesencephalic reticular formation, the R-wave was markedly suppressed.6. The R-wave had a much longer recovery cycle than that of the N-potential.7. The R-wave reversed in polarity in a deep layer of the olfactory bulb. The reversal point was slightly deeper than that of the N-potential.8. A number of units in the olfactory bulb discharged rhythmically bearing a clear phase relationship with the R-wave. In some units, suppression of the spontaneous discharge was observed during the excursion of the R-wave.9. From these findings, it was inferred that the R-wave had a generating mechanism in common with the induced wave. The origin of the R-wave was discussed in connection with that of the N-potential. The authors are grateful to Dr. Kitsuya IWAMA for his invaluable discussion throughout the course of this experiment. A part of the expense for this work was defrayed by a grant of the Ministry of Education.
Transcomplementation by a Truncation Mutant of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Enhances ΔF508 Processing through a Biomolecular Interaction*

Background: Many therapies are being pursued for CF. One includes transcomplementation whereby truncated forms for CFTR can rescue ΔF508 CFTR. Results: A new construct, Δ27–264 rescues mature C band of wt and ΔF508, and channel currents and binds to ΔF508 CFTR. Conclusion: Transcomplementation occurs by the direct binding of Δ27–264 to ΔF508 CFTR. Significance: Therapeutic rescue of ΔF508 CFTR would benefit the majority of CF patients. We previously showed that a truncation mutant of CFTR missing the first four transmembrane segments of TMD1, Δ264 CFTR, binds to key elements in the ER quality control mechanism to increase the amounts of the mature C band of both wt and ΔF508 CFTR through transcomplementation. Here, we created a new construct, Δ27–264 CFTR. Even though Δ27–264 CFTR is rapidly degraded in the proteasome, steady state protein can be detected by Western blot. Δ27–264 CFTR can also increase the amounts of the mature C band of both wt and ΔF508 CFTR through transcomplementation. Electrophysiology experiments show that Δ27–264 CFTR can restore chloride channel currents. Further experiments with the conduction mutant S341A show conclusively that currents are indeed generated by rescued channel function of ΔF508 CFTR. Immunoprecipitation studies show that Δ27–264 binds to ΔF508-CFTR, suggesting a bimolecular interaction. Thus the adeno-associated viral vector, rAAV-Δ27–264 CFTR, is a highly promising CF gene therapy vector, because it increases the amount of mature band C protein both from wt and ΔF508 CFTR, and rescues channel activity of ΔF508 CFTR.
Using Paper Prototypes In Home-page Design

I previously discussed (see ibid., May 1995) how we redesigned the Sun home page after observing users interacting with the Web sites of several companies, including our own. The change we made shows the benefits of this type of testing. We discovered early on that users didn't recognize the "What's New at Sun" button as a link, and (because it was easy to do) we redesigned the button immediately. Our log data for the two months following the change shows that use of the "What's New at Sun" button increased by 416 percent-ample proof that even small interface changes can lead to dramatic changes in user behavior. The theme of home-page redesign continues with a look at the value of low-fidelity prototyping. >
Tooth mortality in Sweden. A statistical survey of tooth loss in the Swedish population.

La Mortalite Dentaire En SuedeAu cours d'une enquete faite en Suede sur le plan national, une evaluation statistique de la mortalite des dents permanentes a ete faite. Les indications motivant l'extraction ont ete enre-gistrees par 2.692 dentistes ayant pratique 34.456 extractions de dents permanentes chez 17.595 patients. Les deux sexes etaient egalement representes, la population urbaine et la population rurale etant dans la proportion de 1:3. La proportion des cabinets dentaires prives et des services dentaires publics etait de 2:1. l'analyse a ete faite sur des groupes repartis suivant l'age et allant de 5 a 89 ans. Toutes les sortes de dents permanentes etaient representees, soit en moyenne environ 2.000 dents de chaque sorte, avec une legere predominance en ce qui concerne les premieres premolaires, les deuxiemes molaires et les dents de sagesse de la machoire superieure.Les conclusions principales ont ete les suivantes:1. La carie dentaire, les parodontopathies, les indications or-thodontiques et p.
Performance of Repeat-Accumulate Codes (RAC) for decode-and-forward wireless relay channel

Repeat-Accumulate Codes (RAC) are one of alternative choice code besides turbo codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. This paper presented decode-and-forward protocol for wireless relay channel by utilizing repeat-accumulate codes as the coding scheme in the relay. The main advantages of the RAC over another code that makes the RAC is more considered for this research are the complexity of encoding is linear in the code length, have a simpler design, and easier to combine with modulator or detector. Simplicity is the main factor for using RAC in this research because in the multihop wireless communication concept, the information processing that occurs in every node or in every relay should not be complicated. In this paper, RAC is employed in wireless relay channel for the LOS model and urban model. The result shows that in the LOS model, RAC only show BER improvement when the relay position is exactly in the mid between information source (S) and destination (D). In urban channel model, the BER improvement can be observed, whether the relay is positioned ¼, ½ or ¾ between the information source (S) and the destination (D).
Twisted-order parameter applied to dimerized ladders

We apply the twisted-order parameter (TOP) for dimerized quantum spin ladders to locate the critical points that separate gapped phases representing quantum spin liquids of various types. Using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), method, we find that the TOP is a good order parameter for these systems regardless of the number of legs. As a check, we reproduce with the DMRG and periodic boundary conditions the computations previously done with quantum Monte Carlo for one-dimensional S = 1/2, S = 1, S = 3/2 and S = 2 Heisenberg chains with alternating bonds.
C‐Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) is an essential mediator of Toll‐like receptor 2‐induced corneal inflammation

TLRs play an important role in the host inflammatory response to bacteria and bacterial products by activating a cascade of intracellular events leading to production of proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines. To determine the role of MAPKs in TLR‐ induced corneal inflammation, we stimulated human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells with TLR2 ligands, tripalmitoyl‐S‐glycero‐Cys‐(Lys)4 (Pam3Cys) or inactivated Staphylococcus aureus, and examined the time course of expression of MAPKs and the effect of MAPK inhibition on IkBα degradation and CXC chemokine production. We found that S. aureus and Pam3Cys stimulate phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPK, and ERK within 4 h and that blockade of JNK, but not p38 or ERK phosphorylation, had an inhibitory effect on IkBα degradation and CXC chemokine production. To determine if JNK is also important in TLR2‐induced corneal inflammation in vivo, we examined JNK1−/− mice and pharmacological inhibitors in a murine model of TLR2‐induced corneal inflammation which is characterized by neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma and development of corneal haze. We found that corneal inflammation was significantly impaired in JNK1−/− mice compared with control mice, and in mice treated with the JNK inhibitor compared with vehicle control. Taken together with results from HCE cells, these findings demonstrate that JNK has an essential role in TLR2‐induced corneal inflammation.
A Recombinant Measles Vaccine Virus Expressing Wild-Type Glycoproteins: Consequences for Viral Spread and Cell Tropism

ABSTRACT Wild-type, lymphotropic strains of measles virus (MV) and tissue culture-adapted MV vaccine strains possess different cell tropisms. This observation has led to attempts to identify the viral receptors and to characterize the functions of the MV glycoproteins. We have functionally analyzed the interactions of MV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of vaccine (Edmonston) and wild-type (WTF) strains in different combinations in transfected cells. Cell-cell fusion occurs when both Edmonston F and H proteins are expressed in HeLa or Vero cells. The expression of WTF glycoproteins in HeLa cells did not result in syncytia, yet they fused efficiently with cells of lymphocytic origin. To further investigate the role of the MV glycoproteins in virus cell entry and also the role of other viral proteins in cell tropism, we generated recombinant vaccine MVs containing one or both glycoproteins from WTF. These viruses were viable and grew similarly in lymphocytic cells. Recombinant viruses expressing the WTFH protein showed a restricted spread in HeLa cells but spread efficiently in Vero cells. Parental WTF remained restricted in both cell types. Therefore, not only differential receptor usage but also other cell-specific factors are important in determining MV cell tropism.
Pharmacokinetic disposition and bactericidal activities of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone in serum and blister fluid

Cefepime is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with excellent gram-positive and gram-negative activity including activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae. The pharmacokinetic disposition of cefepime is similar to that of ceftazidime. We compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the extent and duration of bactericidal activity in serum and suction-induced blister fluid after single 2-g intravenous doses of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone given to healthy subjects. One clinical isolate each of E. cloacae, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus was used to assess bactericidal activity. Results of the pharmacokinetic analysis were similar to previously reported data for these drugs. The high serum protein binding of cefoperazone (approximately 90%) contributed to poor blister fluid penetration. The other drugs penetrated well into this fluid compartment. Cefepime showed significantly greater bactericidal activity in serum and blister fluid against E. cloacae than the other study drugs, ceftazidime was significantly better in serum and blister fluid against P. aeruginosa, and cefoperazone was significantly better against S. aureus only in serum. None of the study drugs had significant bactericidal activity in blister fluid against S. aureus. Cefepime is a promising antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infections due to E. cloacae.
Multicenter Comparative Evaluation of Six Commercial Systems and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A Broth Microdilution Method for Fluconazole Susceptibility Testing of Candida Species

ABSTRACT Fluconazole susceptibility among 800 clinical Candida isolates (60% C. albicans) and two control strains (C. krusei ATCC 6258 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019) was tested with the NCCLS M27-A method (gold standard) and six commercial products (Candifast, disk, Etest, Fungitest, Integral System Yeasts, and Sensititre YeastOne). Results were classified as susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent, or resistant using M27-A breakpoints or, for Fungitest, Integral System Yeasts, and Candifast, as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant, according to the manufacturers' instructions. Concordance with NCCLS M27-A results was analyzed with the χ2 test. Intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility was also evaluated. NCCLS M27-A (90.1%), Etest (93.1%), Sensititre YeastOne (93.1%), disk (96.7%), Fungitest (92.6%), Integral System Yeasts (40.6%), and Candifast (6.0%) classified the indicated percentages of C. albicans isolates as susceptible. Among non-C. albicans strains, the percentages of susceptible isolates were as follows: NCCLS M27-A, 74.0%; Etest, 83.8%; Sensititre YeastOne, 64.1%; disk, 60.6%; Fungitest, 76.6%; Integral System Yeasts, 28.3%; and Candifast, 27.4%. All methods except Candifast and Integral System Yeasts showed good agreement with NCCLS M27-A results for both C albicans and non-C. albicans isolates. Intralaboratory reproducibility was excellent for NCCLS M27-A, Etest, Sensititre YeastOne, disk, and Fungitest (88 to 91%). Similar results emerged from the interlaboratory reproducibility evaluation. Our findings indicate that some commercial methods can be useful for fluconazole susceptibility testing of clinical Candida isolates. Those characterized by a lack of medium standardization and/or objective interpretative criteria should be avoided. Particular caution is necessary when testing is being done for clinical and epidemiological purposes.
Efficient numerical solution of Fisher's equation by using B-spline method

This paper seeks to develop an efficient B-spline scheme for solving Fisher's equation, which is a nonlinear reaction–diffusion equation describing the relation between the diffusion and nonlinear multiplication of a species. To find the solution, domain is partitioned into a uniform mesh and then cubic B-spline function is applied to Fisher's equation. The method yields stable and accurate solutions. The results obtained are acceptable and in good agreement with some earlier studies. An important advantage is that the method is capable of greatly reducing the size of computational work.
On the complexity of model checking counter automata

Theoretical and practical aspects of the verification of infinite-state systems have attracted a lot of interest in the verification community throughout the last 30 years. One goal is to identify classes of infinite-state systems that admit decidable decision problems on the one hand, and which are sufficiently general to model systems, programs or protocols with unbounded data or recursion depth on the other hand. The first part of this thesis is concerned with the computational complexity of verifying counter automata, which are a fundamental and widely studied class of infinite-state systems. Counter automata consist of a finite-state controller manipulating a finite number of counters ranging over the naturals. A classic result by Minsky states that reachability in counter automata is undecidable already for two counters. One restriction that makes reachability decidable and that this thesis primarily focuses on is the restriction to one counter. A main result of this thesis is to show that reachability in one-counter automata with counter updates encoded in binary is NP-complete, which solves a problem left open by Rosier and Yen in 1986. We also consider parametric one-counter automata, in which counter updates can be parameters ranging over the naturals. Reachability for this class asks whether there are values of the parameters such that a target configuration can be reached from an initial configuration. This problem is also shown to be NP-complete. Subsequently, we establish decidability and complexity results of model checking problems for one-counter automata with and without parameters for specifications written in EF, CTL and LTL. The second part of this thesis is about the verification of programs with pointers and linked lists in the framework of separation logic. We consider the fragment of separation logic introduced by Berdine, Calcagno and O'Hearn in 2004 and the problem of deciding entailment between formulae of this fragment. We improve the known coNP upper bound and show that this problem can actually be solved in polynomial time. This result is based on a novel approach in which we represent separation logic formulae as graphs and decide entailment between them by checking for the existence of a graph homomorphism. We complement this result by considering various natural extensions of this fragment which make entailment coNP-hard.
Maternal Pancreatic Carcinoma Metastatic to the Placenta: A Case Report and Literature Review

In this article, we report a case of maternal pancreatic carcinoma metastatic to the placenta. The baby is alive and well, with no evidence of tumor metastasis at the age of 1 year. We also present a comprehensive review of all maternal cancers with metastasis to the placenta and/or baby published in the English language.
Asymmetry of quadriceps muscle oxygenation during elite short-track speed skating.

PURPOSE It has been suggested that, because of the low sitting position in short-track speed skating, muscle blood flow is restricted, leading to decreases in tissue oxygenation. Therefore, wearable wireless-enabled near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology was used to monitor changes in quadriceps muscle blood volume and oxygenation during a 500-m race simulation in short-track speed skaters. METHODS Six elite skaters, all of Olympic standard (age = 23 ± 1.8 yr, height = 1.8 ± 0.1 m, mass = 80.1 ± 5.7 kg, midthigh skinfold thickness = 7 ± 2 mm), were studied. Subjects completed a 500-m race simulation time trial (TT). Whole-body oxygen consumption was simultaneously measured with muscle oxygenation in right and left vastus lateralis as measured by NIRS. RESULTS Mean time for race completion was 44.8 ± 0.4 s. VO2 peaked 20 s into the race. In contrast, muscle tissue oxygen saturation (TSI%) decreased and plateaued after 8 s. Linear regression analysis showed that right leg TSI% remained constant throughout the rest of the TT (slope value = 0.01), whereas left leg TSI% increased steadily (slope value = 0.16), leading to a significant asymmetry (P < 0.05) in the final lap. Total muscle blood volume decreased equally in both legs at the start of the simulation. However, during subsequent laps, there was a strong asymmetry during cornering; when skaters traveled solely on the right leg, there was a decrease in its muscle blood volume, whereas an increase was seen in the left leg. CONCLUSIONS NIRS was shown to be a viable tool for wireless monitoring of muscle oxygenation. The asymmetry in muscle desaturation observed on the two legs in short-track speed skating has implications for training and performance.
LSTM Feature Representation in Projective and Non-Projective Transition-Based Dependency Parsers

The objective of the first part of my project was to investigate how allowing for nonprojectivity influences the attachment accuracy of transition-based dependency parsers. I implemented four parsers, two of which were based on novel transition systems. Since the novel non-projective parser achieved the highest attachment scores, I concluded that allowing for all kinds of dependency arcs gives better results than restricting the output to only projective ones, for languages with a large number of nonprojective sentences. However, the parsing accuracies achieved were still significantly lower than state-of-the-art results, which motivated me to explore how they could be raised. In the course of the second part of my project I have evaluated two possible ways of improving the binary indicator feature model I was using. I first conducted experiments leading me to believe that extending that feature model with additional features would not allow me to achieve this goal. Inspired by the recent trend of using recurrent neural networks in dependency parsing, I investigated how I could apply such a model to the four parsers. I decided to implement a model where each word in the sentence is represented by a BiLSTM capturing its whole context and thereby allowing the multi-layer perceptron used as scoring function to use information about the whole sentence when making parsing decisions. Experiments showed that this led to significant improvements, both in attachment accuracies and training and parsing times. They also agreed with last year’s results in the respect that the highest attachment accuracies could be achieved using the non-projective parsers. Matching state-of-the-art results allowed me to argue about the validity of my novel transition systems.
Development, composition, and structural arrangements of the ciliary zonule of the mouse.

PURPOSE Here, we examined the development, composition, and structural organization of the ciliary zonule of the mouse. Fibrillin 1, a large glycoprotein enriched in force-bearing tissues, is a prominent constituent of the mouse zonule. In humans, mutations in the gene for fibrillin 1 (FBN1) underlie Marfan syndrome (MS), a disorder characterized by lens dislocation and other ocular symptoms. METHODS Fibrillin expression was analyzed by in situ hybridization. The organization of the zonule was visualized using antibodies to Fbn1, Fbn2, and microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 (Magp1) in conjunction with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), an S-phase marker. RESULTS Microfibrils, enriched in Fbn2 and Magp1, were prominent components of the temporary vascular tunic of the embryonic lens. Fbn2 expression by nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells diminished postnatally and there was a concomitant increase in Fbn1 expression, especially in cells located in valleys between the ciliary folds. Zonular fibers projected from the posterior pars plicata to the lens in anterior, equatorial, and posterior groupings. The attachment point of the posterior zonular fibers consisted of a dense meshwork of radially oriented microfibrils that we termed the fibrillar girdle. The fibrillar girdle was located directly above the transition zone, a region of the lens epithelium in which cells commit to terminal differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The development and arrangement of the murine ciliary zonule are similar to those of humans, and consequently the mouse eye may be a useful model in which to study ocular complications of MS.