Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subdomain Chimeras of Hepatic Lipase and Lipoprotein Lipase

To specify and localize carboxyl-terminal domain functions of human hepatic lipase (HL) and human lipoprotein lipase (LPL), two subdomain chimeras were created in which portions of the carboxyl-terminal domain were exchanged between the two lipases. The first chimera (HL-LPLC1) was composed of residues 1–344 of human HL, residues 331–388 of human LPL, and residues 415–476 of human HL. The second chimera (HL-LPLC2) consisted of just two segments, residues 1–414 of human HL and residues 389–448 of human LPL. These chimeric constructs effectively divided the HL C-terminal domain into halves, with corresponding LPL sequences either in the first or second portion of that domain. Both chimeras were lipolytically active and hydrolyzed triolein emulsions to a similar extent compared with native HL and LPL. Heparin-Sepharose chromatography demonstrated that HL-LPLC1 and HL-LPLC2 eluted at 0.80 and 1.3 m NaCl, respectively, elution positions that corresponded to native HL and LPL. Hence, substitution of LPL sequences into the HL carboxyl-terminal domain resulted in the production of functional lipases, but with distinct heparin binding properties. In addition, HL-LPLC2 trioleinase activity was responsive to apoC-II activation, although the -fold stimulation was less than that observed with native LPL. Moreover, an apoC-II fragment (residues 44–79) was specifically cross-linked to LPL and HL-LPLC2, but not to HL or HL-LPLC1. Finally, both chimeras hydrolyzed phospholipid with a specific activity similar to that of HL, which was unaffected by the presence of apoC-II. These findings indicated that in addition to a region found within the amino-terminal domain of LPL, apoC-II also interacted with the last half of the carboxyl-terminal domain (residues 389–448) to achieve maximal lipolytic activation. In addition, the relative heparin affinity of HL and LPL was determined by the final 60 carboxyl-terminal residues of each enzyme.
Characterization of the coliform and enteric bacilli in the environment of calves with colibacillosis

In the first part of the present study the coliform and enteric bacilli in the environment of calves with colibacillosis were examined. The occurrence, number, and pathogenic properties of Escherichia coli in barnyard soils were obtained from six cattle ranches. The O and K serogroups of E. coli isolates obtained from the feces of calves with colibacillosis born at these cattle ranches were determined, and their serotypes were compared with the E. coli O and K serotypes found in soils. The results showed a reservoir of potentially pathogenic E. coli in barnyard soils contaminated with bovine feces. For the second part of this study, 6 healthy calves and 51 calves with colibacillosis were studied. The numbers of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, total streptococci, fecal streptococci, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms in the feces of calves were determined. In addition, coliform and enteric bacilli from the feces of both healthy and diseased calves were identified, and their indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate (IMViC) types were described. In parallel, the IMViC types of coliform and enteric bacilli isolated from barnyard soils previously contaminated with bovine feces were compared with those isolated from uncontaminated soils. All fecal specimens were also examined for the presence of rotavirus. No significant effect on the numbers of the bacterial types was found. The results suggest that the predominant IMViC types found in the feces of calves with colibacillosis originate from the soil. From this study it is apparent that the occurrence, number, and survival of E. coli in barnyard soils is related to ranch husbandry and sanitary practices.
A variabilidade da biomassa planctônica sob influência da sazonalidade e da dragagem do porto de Aratú, Baía de Todos os Santos, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo e avaliar o impacto da atividade de dragagem de aprofundamento do Porto de Aratu, na Baia de Todos os Santos, sobre a biomassa de plâncton. As amostras foram coletadas antes, durante e depois da dragagem, em 6 estacoes de amostragem, durante as mares enchente e vazante, somente no periodo seco.O plâncton foi coletado utilizando redes de malha 50μm (microfitoplâncton), 200μm (mesozooplâncton) e 500μm (ictioplâncton), atraves de arrastos horizontais de subsuperficie. As variaveis oceanograficas (temperatura e salinidade), qualidade da agua (oxigenio dissolvido e turbidez) e nutrientes (amoniaefosforo total) foram obtidas simultaneamente. Durante o periodo de dragagem foram registrados os maiores valores de densidade demicrofitoplâncton,densidade de mesozooplâncton e peso orgânico de mesozooplâncton, alem dos menores valores de ovos e larvas de peixes, que foram restabelecidos apos a dragagem. A analise de ordenacao multivariada mostrou uma nitida separacao entre os periodos de amostragem, demonstrando variabilidade temporal nabiomassa de plâncton no porto de Aratu, em resposta a sazonalidade das caracteristicas oceanograficas da massa de agua e mudancas na qualidade de agua, possivelmente associada com as atividades de dragagem. Palavras-chave: variaveis oceanograficas, qualidade da agua, nutrientes, plâncton
Thromboembolic events associated with the treatment of cerebral aneurysms with Guglielmi detachable coils.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence, radiologic appearance, and treatment of thromboembolic events related to GDC embolization of cerebral aneurysms. METHODS The clinical and radiologic records of all patients undergoing GDC treatment of intracranial aneurysms at our institution were reviewed. All cases in which unexpected complications occurred were selected. Those complications related to presumed thromboembolic events were analyzed. RESULTS Of 59 patients (60 aneurysms) treated with GDCs, 17 (28%) experienced thromboembolic events. Seven patients had transient ischemic attacks and 10 had strokes. In 10 patients, the deficits occurred during or immediately after the procedure; in the rest, the complications were delayed. In six patients, all radiologic investigations were negative for infarction and in seven patients, CT scans showed new ischemic lesions. In four patients, MR imaging alone showed infarcts, and in four of nine patients who underwent subsequent angiography, acute ischemic findings were demonstrated. Eight patients were treated with volume expansion, eight with full heparinization, and one patient underwent intraarterial thrombolysis. Clinical outcome was excellent or good in 14 of 17 patients, with only three patients (5%) incurring permanent neurologic deficits. CONCLUSION Thromboembolic events related to GDC treatment may be more common than has been reported in the literature. In our experience, this rate was 28%, with persisting deficits in 5%. These events can occur after uncomplicated procedures and may be unaccompanied by radiologic findings. Clinical outcome is usually favorable.
Freshwater acidification from atmospheric deposition of sulfuric acid: A conceptual model.

A simple conceptual model is presented that incorporates only a few key processes which are felt to determine how aquatic ecosystems respond to acid deposition with respect to time. The model is based on the assumption that if the rate of acid deposition changes, a variety of constituents in both the terrestrial and aquatic systems will respond. The model has seven stages: preacidification stage - steady state prior to significant emissions or anthropogenic sulfur; undersaturated sulfate adsorption capacity; saturated sulfate adsorption capacity in soil; steady-state period of lake acidification; supersaturated sulfate adsorption capacity; recovery of the percent base saturation; and the stable period of lake recovery. The model can be used by defining the pertinent characteristics of each stage and identifying geographical regions that have those characteristics. 19 references, 2 figures.
Determinants of diaphragm thickening fraction during mechanical ventilation: an ancillary study of a randomised trial

Ultrasonography of the diaphragm is the subject of a growing interest in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting [1–6]. Observing the diaphragm in its zone of apposition allows measurement of its thickness and computation of its thickening fraction (TFdi), which depends on diaphragmatic activity [3] and reflects the diaphragm work of breathing [1]. A recent study showed that the TFdi correlated well with the endotracheal pressure variation generated by phrenic stimulation [6]. This index was also proposed for clinical evaluation of diaphragm weakness to detect ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD) and predict difficult weaning [3, 4]. However, it remains unclear whether increased thickening in this setting only reflects a better intrinsic diaphragmatic strength, or if it also suggests enhanced work of breathing in response to increased cardiorespiratory workload. Furthermore, some authors suggested that VIDD could be thought as the “respiratory” manifestation of a global neuromuscular weakness [4, 7], but its relationship with ICU-acquired limb weakness is not straightforward [5]. The present study had a dual objective: first, to explore the correlation between ICU-acquired limb weakness (as assessed by the Medical Research Council (MRC) score) and diaphragm thickening (as assessed by TFdi); second, to assess the association of clinical variables with TFdi during mechanical ventilation. Diaphragm thickening does not correlate with ICUAW; it is influenced by cardiopulmonary load and residual sedation http://ow.ly/6TC130e6G3Q
Seasonal fluctuations in populations of the two most forensically important fly species in northern Thailand

surveys of medically important  ies (Sucharit morning (09.00–12.00 hours) each month et al., 1976; Sucharit and Tumrasvin, 1981), from March 2000 to February 2001, to there has been little research in the  eld of cover the four main seasons (summer, early forensic entomology. The two  y species rainy, late rainy, and winter). At the end of that are perhaps most important forensically the trapping period each trap was plugged in Thailand — because they are frequently with a large plastic bag and transported to found on human corpses and can be used to the Department of Parasitology of Chiang estimate post-mortem intervals (Sukontason Mai University’s Faculty of Medicine, for et al., 2001) — are the blow  ies Chrysomya processing. Once at the laboratory, the  ies megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya were immobilized (by placing the traps in a ru facies (Macquart). These two species refrigerator at 4°C for 5–10 min), tipped into are, in fact, of forensic interest worldwide transparent plastic bags, killed by freezing (Smith, 1986; Gunatilake and GoV, 1989; (at ­ 70°C for approximately 1 h), dried overLord, 1990; GoV and Flynn, 1991; Byrd night in an incubator set at 50°C, counted, and Castner, 2001). The aim of the present sexed, and  nally identi ed using standard study was to assess the seasonal occurrence taxonomic keys (Tumrasvin and Shinonaga, of C. megacephala, C. ru facies and other  y 1978, 1982; Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979; species in the mountainous areas surroundTumrasvin et al., 1979; Kurahashi et al., ing Chiang Mai, to provide baseline data 1997). for use in future forensic investigations in Overall, 3754 adult  ies were collected Thailand. (see Table). Although four families were Flies were collected using two funnel traps represented, almost all (95.99%) of the  ies (each measuring 30×30×30 cm and baited belonged to the Calliphoridae and most were with approximately 300 g of raw cow’s liver either C. megacephala (78.02%) or C. ru facies that had previously been left at room temper(16.80%). Females outnumbered males in ature for 24 h) at each of three mountainous almost every collection, with female:male sites (sites 1–3) close to the city of Chiang ratios varying from 1.5:1 to 30:1 for Mai province (at 17–21°N, 98–99°E; Fig. 1). C. megacephala and from 1.0:1 to 52:1 for Site 1 lies 3 km west of the city, close to C. ru facies. In addition to these two species, Chiang Mai Zoo (which holds numerous another  ve species of blow  y [Hemipyrellia mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds) ligurriens (Wiedemann), Hemipyrellia pulchra and in the foothills of Doi Suthep mountain, (Wiedemann), Hypopygiopsis infumata (Bigot), in Muang district. Site 2 is close to the MaeLucilia papuensis Macquart, and Lucilia porKuang dam, in Doi Sa Ket district, 40 km phyrina (Walker)] and  ve species of Muscidae north–east of the city. Site 3 lies near the [Atherigona spp. , Hydrotaea (=Ophyra) railroad that passes through the Mae-On
Space Radiation Risk of Radiation Carcinogenesis Risk of Acute Radiation Syndromes Due to Solar Particle Events Risk of Acute or Late Central Nervous System Effects from Radiation Exposure Risk of Degenerative Tissue or Other Health Effects from Radiation Exposure

Occupational radiation exposure from the space environment may result in degenerative tissue diseases (non-cancer or non-CNS) such as cardiac, circulatory, or digestive diseases, as well as cataracts, although the mechanisms and the magnitude of influence of radiation leading to these diseases are not well characterized. Radiation and synergistic effects of radiation cause increased DNA strand and tissue degeneration, which may lead to acute or chronic disease of susceptible organ tissues. Data specific to the spaceflight environment must be compiled to quantify the magnitude of this risk to determine if additional protection strategies are required. – Human Research Program Requirements Document, HRP-47052, Rev. C, dated Jan 2009.
Meaning and Attentional Guidance in Scenes: A Review of the Meaning Map Approach

Perception of a complex visual scene requires that important regions be prioritized and attentionally selected for processing. What is the basis for this selection? Although much research has focused on image salience as an important factor guiding attention, relatively little work has focused on semantic salience. To address this imbalance, we have recently developed a new method for measuring, representing, and evaluating the role of meaning in scenes. In this method, the spatial distribution of semantic features in a scene is represented as a meaning map. Meaning maps are generated from crowd-sourced responses given by naïve subjects who rate the meaningfulness of a large number of scene patches drawn from each scene. Meaning maps are coded in the same format as traditional image saliency maps, and therefore both types of maps can be directly evaluated against each other and against maps of the spatial distribution of attention derived from viewers’ eye fixations. In this review we describe our work focusing on comparing the influences of meaning and image salience on attentional guidance in real-world scenes across a variety of viewing tasks that we have investigated, including memorization, aesthetic judgment, scene description, and saliency search and judgment. Overall, we have found that both meaning and salience predict the spatial distribution of attention in a scene, but that when the correlation between meaning and salience is statistically controlled, only meaning uniquely accounts for variance in attention.
Double-mutant analysis of the interaction of Ras with the Ras-binding domain of RGL.

RalGDS is a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral, and one of its homologues is RGL (RalGDS-like). In this study, the effects of mutations of Ras and the Ras-binding domains (RBDs) of RalGDS and RGL on their binding have been systematically examined. The D33A mutation of Ras reduces the abilities to bind RGL-RBD and RalGDS-RBD. To identify the RGL residue interacting with Asp33 of Ras, double-mutant analyses between Ras and RGL-RBD were conducted. For example, the K685A mutation of RGL-RBD has a much smaller effect on the RGL-RBD binding ability of the D33A mutant than on those of other mutants of Ras. Accordingly, it is indicated that the attractive interaction of Asp33 in Ras with Lys685 in RGL-RBD (Lys816 in RalGDS-RBD) contributes to the Ras.RBD association. This interaction is consistent with the crystal structure of the complex of RalGDS-RBD and the E31K Ras mutant [Huang, L. , Hofer, F. , Martin, G. S. , and Kim, S. -H. (1998) Nat. Struct. Biol. 5, 422-426]. This crystal structure exhibits interactions of the mutation-derived Lys31 side chain with three RalGDS residues. Glu31 of Ras discriminates Ras from a Ras-homologue, Rap1, with Lys31, with respect to RalGDS and RGL binding; the E31K mutation of Ras potentiates the abilities to bind RGL-RBD and RalGDS-RBD. To examine the role of Glu31 of the wild-type Ras in the interaction with RGL and RalGDS, double-mutant analyses were conducted. The Ras binding ability of the E689A mutant of RGL-RBD is much stronger than that of the wild-type RGL-RBD, and the E31K mutation of Ras no longer potentiates the Ras binding ability of the E689A mutant. Therefore, the repulsive interaction between Glu31 in Ras and Glu689 in RGL-RBD (Asp820 in RalGDS-RBD) may keep the Ras.RBD association weaker than the Rap1.RBD association, which might be relevant to the regulation of the signaling network.
Chapter 2 Classification , Diagnostic Criteria , and Screening for Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels. Four major types of diabetes have been defined by the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) and the World Health Organization (WHO): insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and diabetes secondary to other conditions. Diabetes can be diagnosed by the presence of the classic signs and symptoms of diabetes and unequivocally elevated blood glucose levels, by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥140 mg/dl, or by venous plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dl at 2 hours after a 75-g oral glucose challenge.
Triplet–triplet annihilation in highly efficient fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes: current state and future outlook

Studies of delayed electroluminescence in highly efficient fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) of many dissimilar architectures indicate that the triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) significantly increases yield of excited singlet states—emitting molecules in this type of device thereby contributes substantially to their efficiency. Towards the end of the 2000s, the essential role of TTA in realizing highly efficient fluorescent devices was widely recognized. Analysis of a diverse set of fluorescent OLEDs shows that high efficiencies are often cor-related to TTA extents. It is therefore likely that it is the long-term empirical optimization of OLED efficiencies that has resulted in fortuitous emergence of TTA as a large and ubiquitous contributor to efficiency. TTA contributions as high as 20–30% are common in the state-of-the-art OLEDs, and even become dominant in special cases, where TTA is shown to substantially exceed the spin-statistical limit. The fundamental features of OLED efficiency enhancement via TTA—molecular structure-dependent contributions, current density-dependent intensities in practical devices and frequently observed antagonistic relationships between TTA extent and OLED lifetime—came to be understood over the course of the next few years. More recently, however, there was much less reported progress with respect to all-important quantitative details of the TTA mechanism. It should be emphasized that, to this day and despite the decades of work on improving blue phosphorescent OLEDs as well as the recent advent of thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs, the majority of practical blue OLEDs still rely on TTA. Considering such practical importance of fluorescent blue OLEDs, the design of blue OLED-compatible materials capable of substantially exceeding the spin-statistical limit in TTA, elimination of the antagonistic relationship between TTA-related efficiency gains and lifetime losses, and designing devices with an extended range of current densities producing near-maximum TTA electroluminescence are the areas where future improvements would be most beneficial.
Serine‐proteases as plasminogen activators in terms of fibrinolysis

Objectives This review should give an overview about the natural human plasminogen activators and their various modified variants as well as similar substances isolated from animals, microorganisms and plants. When a blood clot is formed in a blood vessel, it avoids the oxygen supply of the surrounding tissue. A fast fibrinolytic therapy should redissolve the blood vessel and reduce the degradation of the tissue. All proteases that are part of the human blood coagulation and fibrinolytic system belong to the serine protease family. t‐PA (tissue plasminogen activator) and u‐PA (urokinase plasminogen activator) are the naturally occurring fibrinolytic agents that are also used in therapy.
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in adult and pediatric renal transplant patients receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppression.

Between March 27, 1989 and December 31, 1997, 1316 kidney transplantations alone were performed under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression at our center. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) developed in 25 (1.9%) cases; the incidence in adults was 1.2% (15/1217), whereas in pediatric patients it was 10.1% (10/99; P<.0001). PTLD was diagnosed 21.0+/-22.5 months after transplantation, 25.0+/-24.7 months in adults and 14.4+/-18.2 months in pediatric patients. Of the 4 adult cases in whom both the donor and recipient Epstein Barr virus (EBV) serologies were known, 2 (50%) were seropositive donor --> seronegative recipient. Of 7 pediatric cases in whom both the donor and recipient EBV serologies were known, 6 (86%) were EBV seropositive donor --> seronegative recipient. Acute rejection was observed before the diagnosis of PTLD in 8 (53%) of 15 adults and 3 (30%) of 10 pediatric patients. Initial treatment of PTLD included a marked decrease or cessation of immunosuppression with concomitant ganciclovir therapy; two adults and two pediatric patients required chemotherapy. With a mean follow-up of 24.9+/-30.1 months after transplantation, the 1- and 5-year actuarial patient and graft survival rates in adults were 93% and 86%, and 80% and 60%, respectively. Two adults died, 3.7 and 46.2 months after transplantation, of complications related to PTLD, and 10 (including the 2 deaths) lost their allograft 3.7-84.7 months after transplantation. In children, the 1- and 5-year actuarial patient and graft survival rates were 100% and 100%, and 100% and 89%, respectively. No child died; one child lost his allograft 41.3 months after transplantation. One child had presumed recurrent PTLD that responded to discontinuation of tacrolimus and reinitiation of antiviral therapy. The mean serum creatinine level in adults was 2.5+/-1.2 mg/dl, and in children, it was 1.3+/-0.6 mg/ dl. Under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, PTLD is less common after renal transplantation in adults than in children, but PTLD in children is associated with more favorable outcomes than in adults.