Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Pedagogy in the Classroom: A Service Learning Model for Discussion

Scholars of Indigenous religious traditions are keenly aware of how difficult it is to lead our students into the fluid dynamics of oral religions within the conventional structures of text-based academic inquiry and classroom learning. This pedagogical struggle is surely related to the search for words nimble enough to interpret Indigenous traditions in a scholarly interpretive idiom that more properly belongs to the study of "religions" and/or "cultures. " As Ines Talamantez has put it in various public contexts, "Native communities have their own theories of culture," their own sovereign ways of knowing, teaching, and learning traditions, and scholars have seen it increasingly as our task to indigenize the language that religious studies brings to Native lifeways. Still, this is not a problem of vocabulary alone; more elementally, I submit, it is a structural one, a presenting problem to pedagogy and scholarship alike. What makes Indigenous theories of culture distinctive is in part that they are less a matter of theory than of process, and thus we cannot just enumerate the content of the theories more effectively; we must engage their dynamism in creative ways. In my reflections here I wish to wrestle with the challenges and possibilities for the classroom of recognizing and seeking to close the gap between conventional academic discourse about Native peoples and Indigenous modes of cultural teaching and learning. First, I will identify some distinctive contours of Anishinaabe Ojibwe approaches to cultural transmission. Second, I will reflect on my experience incorporating service-learning in classes on Native traditions. This pedagogical approach, I want to suggest, can modestly incorporate some Indigenous pedagogy into classroom learning that becomes, as a result, more solid because it is
An empirical investigation of quality tools and techniques practices in Malaysia and Indonesia automotive industries

This paper aims to investigate the tools and techniques for quality adopted by the automotive related companies in Malaysia and Indonesia and to find out the benefits and shortcomings of these quality tools and techniques; considerations in selecting quality tools and techniques; and the difficulties faced by automotive industries in adopting these tools and techniques. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected experts. The findings show that both Malaysia and Indonesia have highly implemented almost all seven basic tools compared to seven new tools. Besides brainstorming, sampling and flow charting are the other tools which high application in both countries. As for the advanced techniques, statistical process control, cost of quality, and benchmarking are the most implemented techniques in both countries. In terms of factors in selecting quality tools and techniques in automotive industries, the findings show that user friendliness and usefulness are the two primary internal factors considered in selecting quality tools and techniques. Meanwhile the two primary external factors in selecting the tools and techniques according to experts are necessity and organization. The organization factors include top management support, team work, and technical capability.
Diagnosis of endometriosis by fine‐needle aspiration cytology

Endometriosis is a fairly common disease found in a variety of extrauterine locations. It primarily affects reproductive age women and has symptoms varying from occult to more specific complaints. Occasionally the lesions produce solid nodules and/or cysts that are clinically palpable and easily evaluated by fine needle aspiration (FNA).
Cells in the posterior thalamus project to both amygdala and temporal cortex: A quantitative retrograde double‐labeling study in the rat

Auditory information from the posterior thalamus reaches the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) by way of two pathways: a direct thalamo‐amygdala projection and a polysynaptic thalamo‐cortico‐amygdala projection. However, the quantitative extent of thalamic neurons that project to the LA or to the auditory association cortex (AAC) is not known. Furthermore, the extent and topographical distribution of bifurcating cells that project to both LA and AAC are also unknown. Therefore, separate tracers were injected into LA and either into all of AAC or within discrete regions of AAC, such as temporal areas TE3 or perirhinal cortex (PRh), and quantitative analyses were performed on labeling within the subregions of the auditory thalamus in rats. Following LA injections, retrogradely labeled cells were most numerous in the posterior intralaminar nucleus (PIN; 48.0% of all labeled thalamic cells), whereas labeled cells following injections of the entire AAC were most numerous in the dorsal division of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGd; 32.9% of all labeled thalamic cells). Following AAC injections localized to only TE3, the MGd again had the majority of labeled cells (35.9%), whereas following AAC injections localized to PRh, the PIN had the most labeled cells (32.8%). Double‐labeled cells were found in all the thalamic regions studied and were most commonly observed in the PIN (43.7% of all double‐labeled cells following injections into LA and throughout the AAC). The percentage of double‐labeled cells as a proportion of either LA‐projecting or AAC‐projecting cells varied among the thalamic nuclei studied, ranging from 2.9% up to 42.4%. The topographic distribution of double‐labeled cells in the thalamic nuclei resembled that of single‐labeled cells following LA injections more than single‐labeled cells following AAC injection. These findings suggest that double‐labeled cells contribute substantially to many of the direct thalamo‐amygdala and indirect thalamo‐AAC‐amygdala projections. Among other functions, these bifurcating cells may help regulate the processing of input to the LA arriving from these two pathways to allow for certain types of plasticity in the LA during fear conditioning. J. Comp. Neurol. 425:257–274, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The presence of Candida in 723 oral leukoplakias among Indian villagers.

– Among 50,915 individuals from 4 different states of India, 723 oral leukoplakias were biopsied and examined for the presence of Candida. Histologic sections were stained by hernatoxylin-eosin and PAS; 6.8% of the biopsies showed Candida estimated on the basis of a single PAS stained section. All Candida-positive cases were seen in males. The most striking observation was that out of 325 palatal biopsies in reverse smokers only one Candida-positive case was seen on the palate and none was seen on the labial mucosa out of 33 biopsies. It was surprising that although the number of leukoplakias among tobacco chewers was high, all of the Candida-positive cases, except one, were observed among smokers. Seven (14%) of the 49 Candida-positive biopsies showed epithelial atypia. No significant association between Candida-positive cases and atypia was found.
The electrocardiographic abnormalities in highly trained athletes compared to the genetic study related to causes of unexpected sudden cardiac death

Background: Electrocardiograms in elite endurance athletes sometimes show bizarre patterns suggestive of inherited channelopathies (Brugada syndrome, long QTc, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) and cardiomyopathies (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) responsible for unexpected sudden cardiac death. Among other methods, genetic analyses are required for correct diagnosis. Objective: To correlate 12– lead electrocardiographic patterns suggestive of inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies to specific genetic analyses. Design: Prospective study (2004–2007) of screening 12–lead ECG tracings in standard position and higher intercostal spaces V1 to V3 precordial leads, performed in athletes and normal sedentary subjects aged match. Genetic analyses of subjects with ECG abnormalities suggested inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. Setting: All cardiologic exams and electrocardiograms were performed at ‘Prof. Dr. C.C. Iliescu’ National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (Bucharest, Romania). The genetic studies were done at ‘Mina Minovici’ National Institute of Forensic Medicine (Bucharest, Romania). Participants: 347 elite endurance athletes (seniors–190, juniors–157), mean age of 20; 200 subjects mean age of 21, belonging to the control group of 505 normal sedentary population. Results: Seniors. RSR' (V1 to V3) pattern, in 45 cases (23.68%), 5 of them with questionable Brugada sign (elevated J wave and ‘coved’ ST segment,< 2mm in one lead, V1. Typically, Brugada 1 sign was found in one case (0.52%) with no SCN5A abnormalities. One athlete (0.52%) had normal ECG and exon1 SCN5A duplication. MRI confirmed three arrhythmic right ventricular cardiomypathy epsilon waves (1.57%), in one case. ST–segment elevation myocardial injury like in V1–V3 precordial leads in 34 athletes (17.89%). Genetic analyses–no gene mutations. Juniors Upright J wave was found in 43 cases (27.38%). Convex ST segment elevation in V1–V3/V4, in 39 cases (24.84%). Bifid T wave with two distinct peaks was found in 39 cases (24.84%), 5 of them with mild prolonged QTc (0.48 ‘–0.56’) and KCN genes mutations. Nine (5.73%) of the elevated ST segment juniors had questionable Brugada sign, two of which with KCN (n=1) and SCN5A (n=1) gene mutations. Ajmaline provocative test was negative in 4 and was refused by 5 subjects. Conclusion: Bizarre QRS, ST–T patterns suggestive of abnormal impulse conduction in the right ventricle, including the right outflow tract, associated with prolonged QTc interval in some cases were observed in highly trained endurance athletes. The genetic analyses, negative in most athletes, identified surprising mutations in SCN5A and KCN genes in some cases.
Inducing Forecast Revelation through Restricted Returns

We consider a supply chain consisting of one supplier selling through one retailer who faces a newsvendor problem. There is a positive probability that the retailer is capable of gaining improved demand information through costly forecasting. The supplier would like to induce the retailer to forecast and share that information. Restricting the retailer’s ability to return unsold product would intuitively appear to be a viable way by which to provide the desired incentives. However, it is well known that a generous returns policy increases the supplier’s profit. We explore this tension between providing incentives to forecast and capturing channel profits. We examine both price-based returns mechanisms (buy backs) and quantity-based returns mechanisms (quantity flexibility contracts). Thus, a second goal is to compare the relative performance of these two schemes. We show that under either contract, inducing forecasting retailers to take a different contract from non-forecasting retailers requires restricting returns. The forecaster is charged a lower price than the non-forecaster but has less flexibility in returning product. Using buy backs, the supplier must sacrifice some channel profit to differentiate between forecasting and non-forecasting retailers. With quantity flexibility contracts, reducing channel efficiency is not required to distinguish between the types of retailers. It is consequently some what surprising that buy backs generally result in greater supplier profit than quantity flexibility contracts unless forecasting is very expensive.
Hepatitis B virus preS1 deletion is related to viral replication increase and disease progression.

AIM To investigate the clinical implications of hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS1 deletion. METHODS We developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that can detect four genotypes (wild type, 15-bp, 18-bp and 21-bp deletion). The PCR method was used in two cohorts of Korean chronic HBV subjects with genotype C infections. Cohort I included 292 chronic HBV subjects randomly selected from Cheju National University Hospital (Jeju, South Korea) or Seoul National University Hospital (Seoul, South Korea), and cohort II included 90 consecutive chronic HBV carriers recruited from Konkuk University Hospital (Seoul, South Korea); the cohort II patients did not have hepatocellular carcinoma or liver cirrhosis. RESULTS The method proposed in this study identified 341 of 382 samples (89.3%). Deletion variants were identified in 100 (29.3%) of the 341 detected samples. In both cohorts, the subjects with deletions had a significantly higher Hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg)-positive seroprevalence [cohort I, wild (51.0%) vs deletion (75.0%), P < 0.001; cohort II, wild (69.2%) vs deletion (92.9%), P = 0.002] and higher HBV DNA levels [cohort I, wild (797.7 pg/mL) vs deletion (1678.9 pg/mL), P = 0.013; cohort II, wild (8.3 × 10(8) copies/mL) vs deletion (2.2 × 10(9) copies/mL), P = 0.049], compared to subjects with wild type HBV. CONCLUSION HBV genotype C preS1 deletion may affect disease progression in chronic HBV subjects through an extended duration of HBeAg seropositive status and increased HBV replications.
MALDI-TOF MS typing enables the classification of brewing yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces to major beer styles

Brewing yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces are either available from yeast distributor centers or from breweries employing their own “in-house strains”. During the last years, the classification and characterization of yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces was achieved by using biochemical and DNA-based methods. The current lack of fast, cost-effective and simple methods to classify brewing yeasts to a beer type, may be closed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization–Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) upon establishment of a database based on sub-proteome spectra from reference strains of brewing yeasts. In this study an extendable “brewing yeast” spectra database was established including 52 brewing yeast strains of the most important types of bottom- and top-fermenting strains as well as beer-spoiling S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus strains. 1560 single spectra, prepared with a standardized sample preparation method, were finally compared against the established database and investigated by bioinformatic analyses for similarities and distinctions. A 100% separation between bottom-, top-fermenting and S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus strains was achieved. Differentiation between Alt and Kölsch strains was not achieved because of the high similarity of their protein patterns. Whereas the Ale strains show a high degree of dissimilarity with regard to their sub-proteome. These results were supported by MDS and DAPC analysis of all recorded spectra. Within five clusters of beer types that were distinguished, and the wheat beer (WB) cluster has a clear separation from other groups. With the establishment of this MALDI-TOF MS spectra database proof of concept is provided of the discriminatory power of this technique to classify brewing yeasts into different major beer types in a rapid, easy way, and focus brewing trails accordingly. It can be extended to yeasts for specialty beer types and other applications including wine making or baking.
Alcohol dependence: provisional description of a clinical syndrome.

Anyone concerned with treating drinking problems must find that his patients often tell him more than is in the textbooks. Each tells a different story, but there are also repeated patterns. Much of the varied experience that is recounted can be inter preted as the patient's astute observation of the alcohol depen dence syndrome-a condition certainly far better described by the average alcoholic than in any book. To attempt a definitive description of this syndrome would be premature; much is still only at the stage of "clinical impression. " Routine clinical questions may impose a pattern on patients' accounts, and patients may themselves organise their uncertain recall of events in terms of expectations given to them. To link the clinical syndrome with information on the psychobiological basis of dependence is difficult, though scientific understanding has advanced recently. Our aim here is to help further to delineate the clinical picture. This is far from the first attempt to describe the syndrome. Jellinek's classification of alcoholism into types stands supreme. ' The American National Council on Alcoholism has recently analysed diagnostic criteria,'2 nd a World Health Organisation group is preparing a report that seeks to define this syndrome and examine its importance. * Furthermore, we take the term syndrome to mean no more than the concurrence of phenomena. Not all the elements need always be present, nor always present with the same intensity. No assumptions need be made about
Rayleigh-Ritz approximation of the Dirac operator in atomic and molecular physics

Four-component ~spinor! solutions of the Dirac equation may be approximated by L-spinor expansions. We discuss their orthogonality and completeness and relate L-spinor properties to those of the Coulomb Sturmians. The mathematics of Rayleigh-Ritz approximations for one-electron Schrodinger and Dirac operators provides a rigorous setting for applying finite L-spinor matrix approximations to the relativistic hydrogenic atom. Convergence of eigenvalues and eigenvectors with respect to the size of the L-spinor set, of expectation values of quantum-mechanical operators, sum rules, and perturbation expansions is examined. The contribution to perturbation sums over states from solutions with eigenvalues in the continuum range ( mc 2 ,') ~electronic scattering states! and (2',2mc 2 ) ~positronic scattering states! is shown to be essential to get accurate results.
Identification of the minimal conserved structure of HIV-1 protease in the presence and absence of drug pressure

Objective: To define the extent of amino acid protease (PR) conservation in vivo in the absence and presence of pharmacological pressure in a large patient cohort. Methods: Plasma-derived complete protein PR sequences from a well-defined cohort of 1096 HIV-1 infected individuals (457 drug-naive and 639 under antiretroviral therapy including PR-inhibitors) were obtained and analysed, and are discussed in a structural context. Results: In naive patients, the PR sequence showed conservation (< 1% variability) in 68 out of 99 (69%) residues. Five large conserved regions were observed, one (P1–P9) at the N-terminal site, another (E21–V32) comprised the catalytic active-site, a third (P44–V56) contained the flap, a fourth contained the region G78–N88, and another (G94–F99) contained the C-terminal site. In PR-inhibitor treated patients, the appearance of mutations primarily associated with drug resistance determined a decrease of amino acid invariance to 45 out of 99 residues (45% conservation). The overall degree of enzyme conservation, when compared to the PR sequences in drug-naive patients, was preserved at the N- and C-terminal regions, whereas the other large conserved areas decreased to smaller domains containing, respectively, the active-site residues D25–D29, the tip of the flap G49–G52, and the G78–P81 and G86–R87 turns. Conclusions: Amino acid conservation in HIV PR can be minimally present in 45 residues out of 99. Identification of these invariable residues, with crucial roles in dimer stability, protein flexibility and catalytic activity, and their mapping on the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme will help guide the design of novel resistance-evading drugs.
Characterization of Lectins and Bacterial Adhesins in Activated Sludge Flocs

Bacterial lectins are carbohydrate‐binding proteins that are involved in bacterial adhesion and aggregation. To investigate whether lectins are involved in floc formation of activated sludge, hemaaggultination (HA) and HA inhibition assays were conducted on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from activated sludges. Six sludges from both full‐scale and synthetic chemical‐fed laboratory activated sludge systems were subjected to EPS extraction and lectin assay. Activated sludge EPS resulted in strong agglutination with trypsin‐treated human red blood cells. While simple monosaccharides failed to exhibit inhibition of agglutination, several glycoproteins clearly reversed agglutination, indicating that glycoprotein (oligosaccharide)‐specific lectins are present in activated sludge. This inhibitory pattern was the same for both the field and laboratory‐grown activated sludges, indicating that these lectins are indigenously generated by activated sludge microorganisms. The major lectin activities were found to be present in a hydrophobic region of EPS. The activities remained unaffected after heat and urea treatment of EPS, but were significantly reduced by the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment. These results share similar properties with previously studied pure culture bacterial lectins and support the conclusion that lectin‐mediated bacterial aggregation is one of the mechanisms responsible for activated sludge bioflocculation.
Low birth weight and serum lipid concentrations at age 7-11 years in a biracial sample.

The relation between birth weight and serum lipid concentrations at age 7 through 11 years was examined in a sample of 1,411 black children and white children in Washington Parish, Louisiana. Two data sets of the Bogalusa Heart Study were merged: 1) newborn cohort participants (n = 225) initially examined at birth, 1973-1974, and reexamined in 1984-1985 at age 9 through 11 years; and 2) subjects examined at ages 7 through 11 years in 1987-1988 (n = 1,186) whose birth weight was collected from birth certificates in 1991. The prevalence ratios for being in the race-, sex-, and age-specific upper decile of serum lipid concentrations in children born with low birth weight (< 2,500 g) versus those with birth weight > or = 2,500 g were calculated per race-sex group. Among white boys with low birth weight, higher than expected percentages of subjects were in the highest decile group of triglyceride concentrations (0.01 < p < 0.05). The prevalence ratio was 2.42 (95% confidence interval 1.19-4.91). When premature infants were excluded, only for white girls was a greater than expected percentage of subjects with low birth weight found to be in the highest decile group of triglyceride concentrations. The corresponding prevalence ratio for white girls was 3.23 (95% confidence interval 1.16-9.00). In analyses that either included or excluded premature infants, prevalence infants, prevalence ratios for triglyceride concentrations in black boys and black girls and for the low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, total cholesterol concentration, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in all race-sex groups were not significantly different from one. To our knowledge, this is the first study finding associations between low birth weight and elevated triglyceride concentrations in later childhood. A follow-up study among adults is recommended.
Multiport Small Integrated Antenna Impedance Matrix Measurement by Backscattering Modulation

A method to characterize small antennas in their actual operating conditions is presented. The proposed procedure is based on the radar cross section (RCS) measurement technique using backscattering modulation. A theoretical description of the measurement setup based on the signal flow graph representation is presented. The experimental validation includes the measurement of one and two port antennas, as well as the measurement of a small integrated antenna. Results show how the effect of the environment on the antenna impedance can be adequately measured with the proposed system.