Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Student Stress in a Three-Year Doctor of Pharmacy Program Using a Mastery Learning Educational Model

Objective. To identify stress and stress-relieving mechanisms among second-year pharmacy students in a 3-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program using a Mastery Learning Educational Model and to compare findings with those from a 4-year program. Methods. Second-year PharmD students in a 3-year program were asked to complete a series of questionnaires including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) regarding stress and stress-relieving activities. Results. The average PSS score for the 3-year PharmD cohort was significantly higher than the score of demographically similar students enrolled in a 4-year PharmD program (P = 0.04). There were significant differences between the 2 groups’ scores on 5 items on the PSS including how often they: were upset because something happened unexpectedly, felt unable to control important things, felt nervous and stressed, thought about things that had to be accomplished, and were able to control the way they spent their time. The rate of prescription drug misuse among those in the 3-year PharmD program was 11.6%. Conclusions. Students in a 3-year PharmD program with a unique educational model experienced more stress than students in a traditional 4-year PharmD program.
Transforming Pre-Service Teachers’ Beliefs and Understandings about Design and Technologies

Design and Technologies challenges students to think differently: to think critically and creatively. Yet, how, when and why students are exposed to Design and Technologies curriculum in school classrooms is at the prerogative of their teacher. For this reason, it is imperative that pre-service teachers are inspired by and engaged through relevant, rigorous and responsive courses throughout their undergraduate teaching program. Situated within the Bachelor of Education (Primary and Middle) degree at the University of South Australia, Australia, this study captures pre-service teachers’ emerging beliefs, attitudes and understandings of Design and Technologies. Drawing on the comparative responses of pre-service teachers collected at the commencement and conclusion of an undergraduate Design and Technologies course, this paper highlights how immersion in a curriculum area can transform pre-service teachers’ theoretical, conceptual and practical understandings and how this may influence how, when and why they incorporate the learning area in their subsequent teaching experiences.
Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cerebrovascular Function: Link Between Obesity and Cognition

Obesity affects 13% of the adult population worldwide and this number is only expected to increase. Obesity is known to have a negative impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health, but it also impacts brain structure and function; it is associated with both gray and white matter integrity loss, as well as decreased cognitive function, including the domains of executive function, memory, inhibition, and language. Especially midlife obesity is associated with both cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing dementia at later age. However, underlying mechanisms are not yet fully revealed. Here, we review recent literature (published between 2010 and March 2021) and discuss the effects of obesity on brain structure and cognition, with a main focus on the contributions of the gut microbiome, white adipose tissue (WAT), inflammation, and cerebrovascular function. Obesity-associated changes in gut microbiota composition may cause increased gut permeability and inflammation, therewith affecting cognitive function. Moreover, excess of WAT in obesity produces pro-inflammatory adipokines, leading to a low grade systemic peripheral inflammation, which is associated with decreased cognition. The blood-brain barrier also shows increased permeability, allowing among others, peripheral pro-inflammatory markers to access the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, especially in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala. Altogether, the interaction between the gut microbiota, WAT inflammation, and cerebrovascular integrity plays a significant role in the link between obesity and cognition. Future research should focus more on the interplay between gut microbiota, WAT, inflammation and cerebrovascular function to obtain a better understanding about the complex link between obesity and cognitive function in order to develop preventatives and personalized treatments.
Electoral volatility and parties’ ideological responsiveness

For a number of decades now, scholars have been indicating that ties between citizens and parties are eroding. As a consequence, electoral behaviour has become more volatile and also more unpredictable. The consequences of this process of change on parties’ strategic behaviour have, however, received little attention. In this article, the impact of dealignment on parties’ strategic behaviour is examined, with the focus being on the extent to which parties are responsive to the mean voter. The expectation of dealignment allowing parties ‘to move around more freely’ leads to the hypothesis that parties are more responsive in a context of dealignment. The analyses provide evidence that is in line with this expectation. Ideological responsiveness is conditioned by the level of volatility in the electorate. The conclusion to draw from these results is that dealignment, which profoundly affects voters’ behaviour, leads parties to become more responsive to the mean voter.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Concerning Infection Control Among Travelers Between Taiwan and Mainland China

With an increase in the number of travelers around the world in recent years, widespread efforts to control the human-transmissible influenza and increased surveillance among poultry and humans should be given the highest priority. The purpose of this article is to describe an examination of the passengers traveling via “mini links” from Xiamen (China) to Kinmen (Taiwan) with reference to their knowledge and practice on infection control measures and satisfaction with public health policies. A survey of perceptions, attitudes, and practices was accordingly carried out. Although some research has been conducted on selected health topics and patients, little research has examined the perceptions of normal travelers. The results demonstrate that travelers’ perception of risk for infection control was high; by contrast, their practices were not sufficient. The content analysis of this study also provides an empirical starting point for future research into combining travelers’ knowledge and practice on disease problems with the worldwide public health policies.
Initial acculturation and HIV risk among new Hispanic immigrants.

PURPOSE Research on the initial stage of acculturation of new immigrants is crucial for identifying AIDS prevention policies and priorities for this vulnerable population. METHODS This study employed an exploratory approach and qualitative data collection methods to identify and describe social and behavioral factors influencing risk for HIV infection among recent Hispanic immigrants (<3 years in the United States). Immigrants from Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, the Dominican Republic and Mexico were interviewed in urban, suburban and semirural settings in the New York Metropolitan Area. Data were collected through ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews (N=51), focus groups (N=11; total number of participants=86) and individual interviews with health and social service providers (N=26). RESULTS Initial stages of acculturation for immigrants reflect both retention and change in attitudes and behaviors involving their mental health, gender role norms, social and sexual behavior, and alcohol and other drug use. Current living environments may introduce conditions affecting HIV risk and prevention, while sustained connections to countries of origin may support retention of attitudes and behaviors with positive and negative risk implications. CONCLUSIONS Specific epidemiological, environmental, economic, social and psychosocial factors are identified that provide the context for risk and prevention. The challenges and opportunities faced by these new communities must be distinguished from those of more acculturated immigrant populations if culturally appropriate interventions are to be developed.
Common and Differential Ventrolateral Prefrontal Activity during Inhibition of Hand and Eye Movements

The inferior frontal cortex, particularly the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) in the right hemisphere, has been implicated to serve as a general inhibitory mechanism in the cognitive control of behavior. Because this notion was primarily based on studies of response inhibition in manual tasks, it has yet to be validated in other response modalities. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study to examine whether the VLPFC is commonly activated during inhibition of responses by hand and by eye within the same subjects. We used the stop-signal task, a relatively pure measure of response inhibition, as the behavioral paradigm. Results from 12 subjects showed that both the right and the left caudal VLPFC and anterior insula, rostral to the premotor area, are activated during inhibition of both manual and saccadic responses. Within the posterior VLPFC, activations overlapped to a significant extent across the two response modalities, although a weaker functionally differentiation was also found along the dorsoventral axis. Other areas such as medial superior frontal gyrus (pre-supplementary motor area/supplementary eye field), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and inferior parietal cortex were also activated during canceling both hand and eye movements. Our findings suggest that a common VLPFC network is involved in response inhibition, although the specific control of the different response modalities may be partially segregated within the lateral prefrontal cortex.
Enhancing corporate entrepreneurship: an empirical test of Stevenson's conceptualisation of entrepreneurial management

Although Stevenson's conceptualisation of opportunity-based entrepreneurial management is widely utilised and cited, less theoretical and empirical attention has been given to this framework in relation to corporate entrepreneurship (corporate entrepreneurial outputs), reflecting a firm's intensity of engagement in innovation in products and services, venturing activities and strategic renewal. We hypothesised the impact of the sub-dimensions of entrepreneurial management on corporate entrepreneurship. Our observation of 298 firms providing products and services to the mining industry of Australia and Iran indicates that the underlying dimensions differently affect corporate entrepreneurship. The results also provide useful insights into the boundary conditions of Stevenson's notion of opportunity-based management style.
Phytoestrogens as Cardioprotective Agents

Epidemiologic studies have shown that women with a higher dietary intake of phytoestrogens, plant-derived compounds with partial estrogen agonist properties, have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and breast and uterine cancer than women with a lower dietary intake of these substances. The most-studied category of phytoestrogens is the isoflavones found in soybeans, chick peas, and other legumes. Genistein and daidzein are the 2 major forms of isoflavones and have demonstrated lipid-lowering properties, especially in hypercholesterolemic subjects. The mechanism for the hypocholesterolemic effects is unclear, but may involve altered hepatic metabolism, antioxidant properties, tyrosine kinase inhibition, and improved vascular reactivity. Other phytoestrogens, including coumestans and lignans, have shown unfavorable results with regard to their role in the prevention of coronary artery disease. Food and food supplements containing phytoestrogens are often advocated as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women with contraindications to the use of conventional estrogen replacement or those wanting a natural alternative. In light of the recent trial results with HRT (estrogen plus progesterone), it would be prudent not to recommend phytoestrogens as cardioprotective substances until adequate safety and efficacy studies are completed.
The Effect of Widowhood on Mental Health ‐ an Analysis of Anticipation Patterns Surrounding the Death of a Spouse

This study explores the effects of widowhood on mental health by taking into account the anticipation and adaptation to the partner's death. The empirical analysis uses representative panel data from the USA that are linked to administrative death records of the National Death Index. I estimate static and dynamic specifications of the panel probit model in which unobserved heterogeneity is modeled with correlated random effects. I find strong anticipation effects of the partner's death on the probability of depression, implying that the partner's death event cannot be assumed to be exogenous in econometric models. In the absence of any anticipation effects, the partner's death has long-lasting mental health consequences, leading to a significantly slower adaptation to widowhood. The results suggest that both anticipation effects and adaptation effects can be attributed to a caregiver burden and to the cause of death. The findings of this study have important implications for designing adequate social policies for the elderly US population that alleviate the negative consequences of bereavement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of extra-oral aiming device in imaging periapical regions of posterior teeth.

Background: Intraoral film placement and the film holding equipments are not acceptable by many due to varied reasons. Objective: To evaluate the utility of extra-oral aiming device developed by Chia-hui chen for imaging the periapical regions of posterior teeth employing the technique suggested by saberi et al. Materials and Methods: The study subjects included 20 patients in the age group of 10-35 y. The subjects were further subdivided according to the area to be imaged into four groups, with 5 in each. Imaging was done using the device developed by chia-hui chen, with the method employed by newmann and saberi et al., The radiographs were then interpreted for complete coverage of the anatomical structure. The findings were recorded and subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis. Results: The visibility of imaging area was more in mandible (95%) than maxilla (86.5%). The overall accuracy was 90.75%. These findings were statistically non-significant (F- 2.152 & P-0.134). Among the reason for reduced accuracy, overlapping of the opposite arch (4%) was more common and the horizontal overlapping (0.5%) was least common. Conclusion: This technique is not meant to replace conventional intraoral radiography. It is a useful supplementary aid to our clinical practice.
The MMPI and MMPI-2 in an outpatient sample: comparisons of code types, validity scales, and clinical scales.

Two hundred (N = 200) outpatients completed MMPI (W.G. Dahlstrom, Walsh, & L.G. Dahlstrom, 1989) and MMPI-2 (Butcher, W.G. Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) items at one time, permitting comparison of alternate forms. The concordance rate for elevated codetypes was 58%; for 2-point codetypes independent of elevation, it was also 58%. Only 50% of the men compared to 66% of the women showed concordance between forms. Of the 200 cases, 72 (36%) had codetypes that were both elevated and "well defined. " The concordance rate among these 71 cases was 72%. Comparison of mean raw scores for the validity and clinical scales showed a small difference for MMPI versus MMPI-2 (Form) on Scales 2 and 5, small differences for Gender on Scales 1, 2, and 3, and no Gender by Form interactions. There were significant MMPI versus MMPI-2 differences for T-scores on all scales, and there were significant Gender by Form interactions for T-scores on all scales except Scale L, Scale K, and Scale 6 (excluding Scale 5). Comparison of mean T-scores (excluding Scale 5) showed no significant differences for Gender on the 12 scales. In spite of significant mean differences, correlational analyses show correlations above . 96 for the raw scores and T-scores for each gender, indicating that rank ordering of cases is maintained between forms. These results are discussed in terms of the issues for use of the MMPI-2 compared to the MMPI.
The Initial Gap Around Large Composite Restorations in vitro: The Effect of Etching Enamel Walls

Composite resin restorations in cavities are generally associated with the development of a contraction gap during the first minutes after insertion. Enamel-Bond-Concise composite restorations were placed on both approximal sides of extracted pre-molars. The cervical walls of all cavities extended beyond the enamel-cement junction. The enamel walls of one of the cavities in each tooth were acid-etched. The contraction gap was kept air-filled and open at the margin through the use of a special technique. Enamel Bond resin with a fluorescent additive was applied to occlusal and cervical margins of the restorations. The fluorescent resin was "passively" drawn into the gap. In unetched cavities, resin penetrated both cervical and occlusal gaps and some areas of the gap at the axial wall. In cavities with etched enamel, the penetration occurred only at the cervical wall. The distance of penetration from the cervical margin varied from 1 to 6.5 mm, and the width of the contraction gap filled with the fluorescent resin varied from 3.5 to 16 μm. Comparison of the width of the gap at the cervical wall in etched and unetched cavities suggested larger gaps for etched cavities. The method used offers a new technique for the measurement of the contraction gaps around composite resin restorations.
THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION ON THE TOURIST SATISFACTION WITH THE SERVICES OF SPA TOURISM

The quality of employees' work in the tourism industry depends primarily on their job satisfaction. This has directed the subject of the research in this paper to examine the impact of employee satisfaction on tourist satisfaction with the services of spa tourism in the Republic of Serbia. Research was conducted using the survey method, the questionnaire technique, in Lukovska Spa, based on a sample of 125 respondents, of which 55 were employees and 70 tourists / guests in hotels 'Jelak' and 'Kopaonik'. The most important finding of the research is related to the correlation between the employee satisfaction and the tourist satisfaction with the quality of service in Lukovska Spa, which confirmed the hypothesis of the direct and positive impact of employee satisfaction on the tourist satisfaction with the quality of services. Employee satisfaction has a positive impact on the quality of the service, which directly affects the tourist satisfaction with the quality of the services provided.
Uptake of triglyceride fatty acids in adipose tissue in vivo in man

Currently available information on adipose tissue metabolism in man is mainly based on studies in vitro. In the present work adipose tissue lipid uptake was studied in vivo in man. 100 g glucose and 120 g milk fat with 10 μCi U‐14C oleic acid were given in the overnight fasting state to eight women and 2 h after a carbohydrate‐rich meal to eight women. After 4 h, 1‐day, 1 week and 1 month radioactivity levels were determined in the lipids of adipose tissue in the femoral and abdominal regions and in plasma. At 4 h 30 and 20% of the oleic acid was estimated to remain in the extracellular space in the fasted and fed groups respectively, measured in plasma. Contents of oleic acid radioactivity was higher in the abdominal than femoral region. An estimated 27 and 46 g of fat was taken up in adipose tissue of the fasted and fed groups, constituting 1/3 and 1/2 of total tissue uptake respectively. After 1 day these figures were 43 and 60 g respectively. At 1 week and 1 month adipose tissue radioactivity was increasing slowly. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue at 4 h was higher in the femoral than abdominal adipose tissue and higher in the fed than fasted state in the abdominal region. A significant correlation was found between uptake and LPL in abdominal adipose tissue only.
Honeybees can learn the relationship between the solar ephemeris and a newly experienced landscape: a confirmation

SUMMARY Honeybees learn the spatial relationship between the sun's pattern of movement and the landscape immediately surrounding their nest, which allows bees to locate the sun under overcast skies by reference to the landscape alone. Surprisingly, when bees have been transplanted from their natal landscape to a rotated twin landscape – such as from one treeline to a similar but differently oriented treeline – they fail to learn the relationship between the sun and the second landscape. This raises the question of whether bees can ever learn the relationship between the sun's pattern of movement and a landscape other than their natal one. Here we confirm, with new and necessary controls, that bees can indeed learn the relationship between the sun's pattern of movement and a second (that is, non-natal) landscape, if the second landscape is panoramically different from the bees' natal site. We transplanted bees from their natal site to a panoramically different second site and, 3 days later, tested the bees' knowledge of the relationship between the sun and the second landscape. The test involved observing the bees' communicative dances under overcast skies at a third site that was a rotated twin of the second. These bees oriented their dances using a memory of the sun's course in relation to the second landscape, indicating that they had learned this relationship. Meanwhile, control bees transplanted directly from the natal site to the third site, skipping the second, danced differently, confirming the importance of the experimental bees' experience at the second site.
Rural primary care practices and meaningful use of electronic health records: the role of Regional Extension Centers.

PURPOSE To examine the role of Regional Extension Centers (RECs) in helping rural physician practices adopt electronic health records (EHRs) and achieve meaningful use. METHODS Using data from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, we conducted a county-level regression analysis using ordinary least squares to better understand rural-urban differences in REC participation, EHR implementation, and meaningful use, controlling for counties' economic conditions. We prepared case studies of 2 RECs that are serving a large number of rural practices, based on interviews with key individuals at the RECs, their partner organizations, and rural primary care practices that received assistance from the RECs. FINDINGS RECs are largely achieving their objective of targeting providers in communities that face barriers to EHRs. REC participants are disproportionately rural and more likely to come from high poverty and low employment communities. The case study RECs had long-standing relationships with rural providers, as well as extensive staff expertise in quality improvement and EHR implementation, and employed a variety of strategies to successfully assist rural providers. Rural providers report that REC assistance was invaluable in helping them implement EHRs and achieve meaningful use status. CONCLUSION Modifying the criteria for Medicare and Medicaid EHR incentives could help additional rural providers pay for EHRs. REC federal funding is scheduled to end in 2014, but practices that have not yet adopted EHRs may need significant, ongoing assistance to receive meaningful use.