Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Link design and capacity comparison for burst transmissions of ATM cells and AAL PDU’s over broadband satellites

Broadband satellite will be an important element in the future Broadband Integrated Service Digital Networks (B-ISDNs) employing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) for connecting different B-ISDN islands. The main challenge is to maximize traffic capacity while meeting the diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of different types of B-ISDN service. Furthermore, inefficient utilization of transponder power and/or bandwidth and reduced traffic capacity may be caused by link designs that satisfy the most stringent QoS requirements of the traffic mix. Different Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding techniques are thus investigated to optimize the satellite link designs for any given B-ISDN service. Four concatenated codes (CCs) have been chosen, employing an inner convolutional code, in concatenation with one of the four alternate short Reed-Solomon (RS) outer codes for evaluations. Furthermore, a novel partially-concatenated code (PCC) method is proposed to improve bandwidth efficiency without significantly reducing power efficiency. A PCC with RS(15,10) outer code is determined to be the best combination by balancing the trade-offs between error performance and ability to encode a single A T M cell. In addition, A T M Adaptation Layer Protocol Data Units (AAL PDUs) are considered to be transmitted directly into a physical medium without segmenting into A T M cells. In this way, traffic capacity may be increased. Finally, given all the relevant parameters, link budgets can be used to obtain the traffic capacities for different services. From the traffic capacity analysis, A A L PDU transport provides a capacity increase of at least 10% over that of. the A T M cell transport. This result indicates that A A L PDU transport may be considered as an alternate means for transmitting data over Broadband Satellite Networks (BSNs).
Comparison of large eddy simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes evaluations with experimental tests on U-bend duct geometry

The correct prediction of the flow field is of crucial importance to drive numerical optimization to a real improvement of a design. For this purpose, different numerical approaches can be used to study the fluid dynamics characteristics and the performance of the design. In particular, in the present work the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and large eddy simulation approach are compared for an internal aerodynamic application. The obtained solutions are validated against experiments through a quantitative and qualitative comparison, i.e. pressure measurements and particle image velocimetry flow visualizations, respectively.
Green-Kubo formula for weakly coupled system with dynamical noise

We study the Green-Kubo (GK) formula $\kappa (\varepsilon, \xi)$ for the heat conductivity of an infinite chain of $d$-dimensional finite systems (cells) coupled by a smooth nearest neighbour potential $\varepsilon V$. The uncoupled systems evolve according to Hamiltonian dynamics perturbed stochastically by an energy conserving noise of strength $\xi$. Noting that $\kappa (\varepsilon, \xi)$ exists and is finite whenever $\xi> 0$, we are interested in what happens when the strength of the noise $\xi \to 0$. For this, we start in this work by formally expanding $\kappa (\varepsilon, \xi)$ in a power series in $\varepsilon$, $\kappa (\varepsilon, \xi) = \varepsilon^2 \sum_{n\ge 2} \varepsilon^{n-2} \kappa_n (\xi)$ and investigating the (formal) equations satisfied by $\kappa_n (\xi$. We show in particular that $\kappa_2 (\xi)$ is well defined when no pinning potential is present, and coincides formally with the heat conductivity obtained in the weak coupling (van Hove) limit, where time is rescaled as $\varepsilon^{-2}t$, for the cases where the latter has been established \cite{LO, DL}. For one-dimensional systems, we investigate $\kappa_2 (\xi)$ as $\xi\to 0$ in three cases: the disordered harmonic chain, the rotor chain and a chain of strongly anharmonic oscillators. Moreover, we formally identify $\kappa_2 (\xi)$ with the conductivity obtained by having the chain between two reservoirs at temperature $T$ and $T+\delta T$, in the limit $\delta T\to 0$, $N \to \infty$, $\varepsilon \to 0$.
Global L 2-Boundedness Theorems for a Class of Fourier Integral Operators

ABSTRACT The local L 2-mapping property of Fourier integral operators has been established in Hörmander (1971) and in Eskin (1970). In this article, we treat the global L 2-boundedness for a class of operators that appears naturally in many problems. As a consequence, we improve known global results for several classes of pseudodifferential and Fourier integral operators, as well as extend previous results of Asada and Fujiwara (1978) or Kumano-go (1976). As an application, we show a global smoothing estimate for generalized Schrödinger equations which extends the results of Ben-Artzi and Devinatz (1991) and Walther (1999); (2002).
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

The local climate zone (LCZ) scheme was originally proposed to provide an interdisciplinary taxonomy for urban heat island (UHI) studies. In recent years, the scheme has also become a starting point for the development of higher-level products, as the LCZ classes can help provide a generalized understanding of urban structures and land uses. LCZ mapping can therefore theoretically aid in fostering a better understanding of spatio-temporal dynamics of cities on a global scale. However, reliable LCZ maps are not yet available globally. As a first step toward automatic LCZ mapping, this work focuses on LCZ-derived land cover classification, using multi-seasonal Sentinel-2 images. We propose a recurrent residual network (Re-ResNet) architecture that is capable of learning a joint spectral-spatial-temporal feature representation within a unitized framework. To this end, a residual convolutional neural network (ResNet) and a recurrent neural network (RNN) are combined into one end-to-end architecture. The ResNet is able to learn rich spectral-spatial feature representations from single-seasonal imagery, while the RNN can effectively analyze temporal dependencies of multi-seasonal imagery. Cross validations were carried out on a diverse dataset covering seven distinct European cities, and a quantitative analysis of the experimental results revealed that the combined use of the multi-temporal information and Re-ResNet results in an improvement of approximately 7 percent points in overall accuracy. The proposed framework has the potential to produce consistent-quality urban land cover and LCZ maps on a large scale, to support scientific progress in fields such as urban geography and urban climatology.
Wideband Water Helical Antenna of Circular Polarization

This paper describes a novel helical antenna made of pure water. The water helical antenna is realized by replacing the metallic arm of a conventional helical antenna with a plastic tube of circular cross section filled with pure water. The axially symmetric TM01 mode is excited along the water arm and accounts for the wave propagation and radiation. Circular polarization (CP) is achieved by choosing a proper dimension of the water helix. The measured results show that the proposed water helical antenna has an overlapping impedance bandwidth ( $\vert \text{S}_{11}\vert < -10$ dB) and an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth from 1.27 to 2.13 GHz, or 50.6% fractional bandwidth. A water helix antenna with polarization reconfigurability is also designed and demonstrated. The measured results show that the proposed helix antenna exhibits polarization-reconfigurable capability over a wide frequency band.
The Structure of the Closure of the Rational Functions in $L^{q}$($\mu$)$

Let $K$ be a compact subset in the complex plane and let $A(K)$ be the uniform closure of the functions continuous on $K$ and analytic on $K^{\circ}$. Let $\mu$ be a positive finite measure with its support contained in $K$. For $1 \leq q < \infty$, let $A^{q}(K,\mu)$ denote the closure of $A(K)$ in $L^{q}(\mu)$. The aim of this work is to study the structure of the space $A^{q}(K,\mu)$. We seek a necessary and sufficient condition on $K$ so that a Thomson-type structure theorem for $A^{q}(K,\mu)$ can be established. Our results essentially give perfect solutions to the major open problem in the research filed of theory of subnormal operators and aproximation by analytic functions in the mean .
CONVERGENCE OF FIXED POINT CONTINUATION ALGORITHMS FOR MATRIX RANK MINIMIZATION

The matrix rank minimization problem has applications in many fields such as system identification, optimal control, low-dimensional embedding etc. As this problem is NP-hard in general, its tightest convex relaxation, the nuclear norm minimization problem is often solved instead. Recently, Ma, Goldfarb and Chen proposed a fixed point continuation algorithm for solving the nuclear norm minimization problem (33). By incorporating an approximate singular value decompo- sition technique in this algorithm, the solution to the matrix rank minimization problem is usually obtained. In this paper, we study the convergence/recoverability properties of the fixed point continuation algorithm and its variants for matrix rank minimization. Heuristics for determining the rank of the matrix when its true rank is not known are also proposed. Some of these algorithms are closely related to greedy algorithms in compressed sensing. Numerical results for these algorithms for solving affinely constrained matrix rank minimization problems are reported.
Non-linear simulations of neoclassical tearing mode control by externally driven RF current and heating, with application to ITER

Neoclassical tearing modes (NTM) must be controlled or suppressed to prevent a degradation of the energy confinement in tokamak plasmas. This can be done applying RF-current via electron cyclotron current drive and -heating at the rational surface where the instability appears. Both the current and heating generated by the RF waves are known to provide a stabilizing effect on the magnetic island. In the present work, we address the issue of neoclassical tearing mode stabilization by heating and current drive in an ITER-like configuration, using a stiff transport model. From a revised generalized Rutherford equation, we revisit the criterion on the RF current and power required to stabilize an NTM, showing that the level of plasma background heating (residual heat sources) in ITER significantly lowers the benefit of the RF heating contribution. Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic simulations with the XTOR code, where a stiff transport model as well as RF-power and -current drive are implemented, are performed to compute the NTM stabilization efficiency. The stabilization efficiency due to the RF current contribution is found to be less than theoretically predicted in the case of continuous application, but consistent with theory in the modulated control scheme, suggesting an enhanced destabilization at the X-point. The role of RF heating for continuous application is found to be moderate for the range of power envisaged in ITER, essentially because of the detrimental effect of residual heat sources. This numerical work confirms the capability of the ITER RF system to control the NTM.
Measuring Generalized Trust: Two New Approaches

The Stranger Face Trust (SFT) questionnaire and the Imaginary Stranger Trust (IST) questionnaire are two new self-report measures of generalized trust that assess trust in real (SFT) and imaginary (IST) strangers across four trust domains. Both were designed to be objective, empirically valid, and easy to administer and score. To assess measurement validity and reliability, SFT and IST along with other common measures of social trust, sociodemographic characteristics, biographical characteristics, and a survey experiment were administered to a large representative sample of Qualtrics web-panel members (N = 2,041). Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models established the internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity of SFT and IST. Further tests revealed that SFT and IST correlate with well-established predictors of generalized trust, while other correlates like the age–trust relation were called into question. Taken together, this article shows that SFT and IST are valid and reliable instruments for the measurement of generalized trust and that common measures of generalized trust appear to be less valid and less reliable. This article ends with a discussion of the implications and directions for future research.
Pluto's lower atmosphere and pressure evolution from ground-based stellar occultations, 1988-2016

Context. Pluto's tenuous nitrogen (N2) atmosphere undergoes strong seasonal effects due to high obliquity and orbital eccentricity, and has been recently (July 2015) observed by the New Horizons spacecraft. Goals are (i) construct a well calibrated record of the seasonal evolution of surface pressure on Pluto and (ii) constrain the structure of the lower atmosphere using a central flash observed in 2015. Method: eleven stellar occultations by Pluto observed between 2002 and 2016 are used to retrieve atmospheric profiles (density, pressure, temperature) between $\sim$5 km and $\sim$380 km altitude levels (i.e. pressures from about 10 microbar to 10 nanobar). Results: (i) Pressure has suffered a monotonic increase from 1988 to 2016, that is compared to a seasonal volatile transport model, from which tight constraints on a combination of albedo and emissivity of N2 ice are derived; (ii) A central flash observed on 2015 June 29 is consistent with New Horizons REX profiles, provided that (a) large diurnal temperature variations (not expected by current models) occur over Sputnik Planitia and/or (b) hazes with tangential optical depth of about 0.3 are present at 4-7 km altitude levels and/or (c) the nominal REX density values are overestimated by an implausibly large factor of about 20% and/or (d) higher terrains block part of the flash in the Charon facing hemisphere.
Study of a recent 5-1 mean motion resonance between Titan and Iapetus

Lorsqu’un fort effet de maree entre Saturne et ses satellites de glace a ete revele il y a plusieurs annees, le systeme a ete sujet a des nombreux questionnements concernant sa formation et son evolution. Une implication importante de ces resultats est que les satellites sont plus jeunes que la planete et ont subi d’importantes modifications orbitales durant leurs evolutions, rendant possible plusieurs traversees en resonance. Dans cette these, nous cherchons a verifier le scenario selon lequel Titan serait a l’origine de l’orbite actuelle de Japet. Si Titan a fortement migre lui aussi, alors il a du traverser la resonance 5:1 avec Japet. Or, l’orbite de Japet admet deux elements orbitaux dont les origines restent a etre determinees clairement : d’une part une inclinaison de 8 degres par rapport a son plan de Laplace et d’autre part, une orbite excentrique d’environ 0,03. En placant initialement Japet sur une orbite circulaire et coplanaire avec le plan de Laplace, de nombreuses simulations numeriques de la traversee en resonance, utilisant un code N-Corps ainsi qu’un modele semi-analytique, ont ete realisees. L’analyse des simulations montre que les resultats sont tres dependants de la dissipation interne de la planete, parametree par le facteur de qualite Q. Pour des valeurs au-dela d’environ 2000, on obtient en majorite l’ejection de Japet lorsque Titan traverse la resonance. Pour des vitesses de migration elevees (Q en dessous de 100 environ) Japet est tres peu perturbe par Titan. Le nombre d’ejections croit avec la valeur de Q et pour des valeurs entre 100 et 2000 la plupart des simulations montrent une capture en resonance, une evolution chaotique de l’excentricite et de l’inclinaison, puis une liberation avec des elements orbitaux perturbes. La valeur des excentricites apres la resonance varie entre 0 et 0.15 et l’inclinaison peut croitre jusqu’a 11 degres. Sur 800 simulations effectuees avec le code N-Corps, 2 montrent une sortie de resonance de Japet avec des elements en accord avec ceux observes actuellement. De plus, en comptant celles venant du modele semi-analytique, plus d’une vingtaine montrent une inclinaison libre ayant depasse 4 degres. Ces simulations numeriques nous ont permis de contraindre le facteur de dissipation de la planete a la frequence de Titan. C’est pour une valeur de Q entre 100 et 2000 que les simulations de traversee en resonance rendent compte au mieux de l’orbite actuelle de Japet, rendant ainsi plausible le scenario d’un recente perturbation de Japet par Titan lors de la traversee de la resonance 5:1.
A census of $\rho$ Oph candidate members from Gaia DR2

The Ophiuchus cloud complex is one of the best laboratories to study the earlier stages of the stellar and protoplanetary disc evolution. The wealth of accurate astrometric measurements contained in the Gaia Data Release 2 can be used to update the census of Ophiuchus member candidates. We seek to find potential new members of Ophiuchus and identify those surrounded by a circumstellar disc. We constructed a control sample composed of 188 bona fide Ophiuchus members. Using this sample as a reference we applied three different density-based machine learning clustering algorithms (DBSCAN, OPTICS, and HDBSCAN) to a sample drawn from the Gaia catalogue centred on the Ophiuchus cloud. The clustering analysis was applied in the five astrometric dimensions defined by the three-dimensional Cartesian space and the proper motions in right ascension and declination. The three clustering algorithms systematically identify a similar set of candidate members in a main cluster with astrometric properties consistent with those of the control sample. The increased flexibility of the OPTICS and HDBSCAN algorithms enable these methods to identify a secondary cluster. We constructed a common sample containing 391 member candidates including 166 new objects, which have not yet been discussed in the literature. By combining the Gaia data with 2MASS and WISE photometry, we built the spectral energy distributions from 0.5 to $22\microm$ for a subset of 48 objects and found a total of 41 discs, including 11 Class II and 1 Class III new discs. Density-based clustering algorithms are a promising tool to identify candidate members of star forming regions in large astrometric databases. If confirmed, the candidate members discussed in this work would represent an increment of roughly 40% of the current census of Ophiuchus.
Modified Ballistic–Diffusive Equations for Obtaining Phonon Mean Free Path Spectrum from Ballistic Thermal Resistance: II. Derivation of Integral Equation Based on Ballistic Thermal Resistance

ABSTRACT Rebuilding phonon mean free path (MFP) spectra from experimental data is integral to phonon MFP spectroscopy. However, being based on effective thermal conductivity, the current integral equation for this precludes the use of certain heat sources of convenient shapes, such as a cylindrical nanoline. Herein, to enable using diverse specimens exhibiting a ballistic effect, we develop a ballistic thermal resistance-based integral equation, utilizing the ease and accuracy of the modified ballistic–diffusive equations demonstrated in the companion paper. The availability of more diverse shapes of specimens will enhance further development and widen use of phonon MFP spectroscopy.
Advances in neutral tungsten ultraviolet spectroscopy for the potential benefit to gross erosion diagnosis

A spectral survey of tungsten emission in the ultraviolet region has been completed in the DIII-D tokamak and the CTH torsatron to assess the potential benefit of UV emission for the diagnosis of gross W erosion. A total of 29 W I spectral lines are observed from the two experiments using survey spectrometers between 200 and 400 nm with level identifications provided based on a structure calculation for many of the excited states that produce strong emission lines. Of the 29 observed lines, 20 have not previously been reported in fusion relevant plasmas, including an intense line at 265.65 nm which could be important for benchmarking the frequently exploited line at 400.88 nm. Nearly all of the observed spectral lines decay down to one of the six lowest energy levels for neutral W, which are likely to be long-lived metastable states. The impact of metastable level populations on the W I emission spectrum and any erosion measurement utilizing a spectroscopic technique is potentially significant. Nevertheless, the high density of W I emission in the UV region allows for the possibly of determining the relative metastable fractions and plasma parameters local to the erosion region. Additionally, the lines observed in this work could be used to perform multiple independent gross erosion measurements, leading to more accurate diagnosis of gross tungsten erosion.
PRODUTIVIDADE E EFICIÊNCIA DE USO DE NUTRIENTES POR CULTIVARES DE CAFEEIRO

A otimizacao da eficiencia nutricional e de grande importância para ampliar a produtividade, reduzir o custo de producao e aumentar a renda do produtor. Foram avaliadas quatro cultivares de cafe arabica (Acaia IAC 474-19, Icatu Amarelo IAC 3282, Rubi MG 1192 e Catuai Vermelho IAC 99) quanto a produtividade, a eficiencia agronomica e a eficiencia de absorcao de nutrientes. Foi conduzido um experimento em condicoes de campo, cujos tratamentos foram distribuidos em arranjo fatorial (4 x 3) x 4, constituido de quatro cultivares, tres niveis de adubacao (baixo, normal e alto) e quatro repeticoes, em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados. As plantas que constituiram o nivel normal receberam adubacao baseada na marcha de acumulo de nutrientes em cafe arabica. A variedade Icatu Amarelo IAC 3282 foi a mais produtiva no ambiente com restricao de nutrientes, enquanto a s variedades Rubi MG 1192 e Catuai Vermelho IAC 99 se mostraram mais produtivas em ambientes com alto suprimento de nutrientes. Observou-se que a eficiencia agronomica acompanhou a produtividade, ou seja, as cultivares mais produtivas, foram tambem as que produziram mais frutos por unidade de nutriente na biomassa. Com baixas doses de fertilizantes e corretivos (nivel baixo), a cultivar Icatu Amarelo IAC 3282 tendeu a apresentar a melhor eficiencia agronomica quanto a todos os nutrientes estudados, e a Acaia IAC 474-19 tendeu a apresentar as piores.
Combination of modified U-Net and domain adaptation for road detection

Road detection is one of the crucial tasks for scene understanding in autonomous driving. Recently, methods based on deep learning had rapidly grown and addressed this task excellently, because they can extract more abundant features. In this study, the authors consider the visual road detection problem as a classification for each pixel of the given image, which is road or non-road. There is complex illumination encounter in traffic applications, so that the detection model has poor adaptability. They address this problem by proposing a deep network architecture, which combines the network U-Net-prior and domain adaptation model (DAM). U-Net-prior is a modified segmentation network which integrates location prior and shape prior into U-Net. DAM is a model for reducing the gap between training images and test images, which is optimised in adversarial learning to make the features extracted from different datasets close to each other. They validate the effectiveness of each component of the algorithm, and compare the overall architecture with other state-of-the-art methods, and the results show that the architecture achieves top accuracies with the shortest run time in monocular-vision-based methods, simultaneously, compared with the methods based on other sensors, the architecture also achieves a competitive result.