Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the sources of neuronal projections to the site of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone perikarya and to the anteroventral periventricular nucleus in female rats

The rat ovulatory cycle is dependent on the preoptic region encompassing the gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) perikarya and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV). Retrograde tract tracing was used to identify and compare the sources of inputs to these sites in female rats. Within the telencephalon and diencephalon, the incidence of retrograde labelling from both sites was moderate to abundant in the ventral lateral septum, posteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdalohippocampal area and the periventricular, medial preoptic, anterodorsal preoptic, dorsomedial suprachiasmatic, arcuate, and posterior ventrolateral ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. In these regions, the incidence of retrograde labelling was either greater from the AVPV than from the GnRH perikarya site or similar from both sites. In the medial amygdaloid, parastrial, striohypothalamic, and ventral premammillary nuclei, the retrograde labelling from the AVPV greatly exceeded the sparse incidence from the GnRH perikarya site. In contrast, retrograde labelling from the GnRH perikarya site predominated in the median preoptic, lateroanterior and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, subparaventricular zone, and retrochiasmatic area; it was abundant in the AVPV. Caudal to the diencephalon, retrograde labelling from either site was sparse, except in the lateral parabrachial nucleus, which displayed a particularly high incidence from the GnRH perikarya site. Other mesencephalic regions labelled from either site included the periaqueductal gray and dorsal and median raphe nuclei. The most caudal labelling was found in the ventrolateral medulla and region of the solitary tract nucleus; this was almost exclusively from the GnRH perikarya site. These findings further elucidate the neuroanatomical connections underlying the control of the ovulatory cycle. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:190–214, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with nuclear pleomorphism arising in the subcutis of a child

Low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) represents a rare soft tissue tumor that was first characterized in 1987. LGFMS usually presents as a large, deeply situated mass in adults and is characterized by deceptively bland histopathologic features. LFGMS is less common in superficial soft tissue and in children. It is distinctly uncommon for LGFMS to exhibit nuclear pleomorphism. Herein, we present a case of a 10‐year‐old male who presented with a subcutaneous back mass that displayed features typical for LGFMS as well as scattered large, hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei. The constellation of clinicopathologic features, including the young age of the patient, the small size and superficial location of the tumor and the presence of scattered nuclear pleomorphism are all unusual features for LGFMS. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a break‐apart probe for FUS revealed the presence of a FUS gene rearrangement confirming the diagnosis of LGFMS. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for LGFMS even in the context of small, superficially‐located tumors, pediatric patients or tumors with scattered nuclear pleomorphism.
The mechanism of surface-indented protein-loaded PLGA microparticle formation: the effects of salt (NaCl) on the solidification process

The purpose of this study was to evaluate ovalbumin (OVA) leakage pathways and to explore the mechanism of the surface-indented microparticle formation in the preparation of OVA-loaded microparticles. OVA-loaded poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles were prepared by a water-in oil-in water (w/o/w) solvent evaporation method associated with varied NaCl (NaCl) concentrations and adjusted with urea at 1240 mOsm kg−1 in the external aqueous phase. To evaluate dichloromethane (DCM)-related OVA leakage, three stirring rates, 600, 800, 1000 rpm at 25° C were carried out during the solvent evaporation stage. Both DCM and OVA levels in the external phase medium and total dispersion were sampled and measured. The time course of particle characteristics was evaluated by microscopy or SEM photography. The surface adsorptive capacities of the prepared microparticles were measured by using bovine serum albumin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-BSA). The findings were that the DCM-related OVA leakage accounted for ∼34% of the total leakage. By combining NaCl in the external phase, a faster solidifying crust-like structure was formed as a barrier to remarkably reduce OVA loss and improve OVA content from 40.1 to 72.8 µg mg−1. The yield and OVA content for formulations containing NaCl were much improved by the ionic effect, in addition to the osmotic effect. The total entrapment efficiency was also highly increased from 43 to 72%. The formations of the crust-like surface structure of the microparticle were affected by entrapped drugs, salt content in the external phase and aqueous volume in the inner phase. A scheme was proposed to interpret the formation mechanism of the surface-indented microparticles. In comparison to the surface-smooth microparticles, the surface adsorptive capacities of the surface-indented microparticles were highly improved from 26.6 to 87.0%, determined by the adsorption of FITC-BSA.
UCSF Health Workforce Research Center on Long-Term Care Research Report Health Information Technology Implementation : Implications for the Nursing Home Workforce

This research was conducted through a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of Health Professions, National Center for Health Workforce Analysis. Opinions and recommendations do not necessarily represent those of the Bureau or other government agency. Please cite as: Ko,M; Wagner, LM;Okwandu, O; and Spetz, J. (2016). Health Information Technology Implementation: Implications for the Nursing Home Workforce. San Francisco, CA: UCSF Healthforce Center UCSF Health Workforce Research Center, 3333 California Street, Suite 265, San Francisco, CA, 94118 Contact: Michelle Ko,MD, PhD, mailto:michelle.ko@ucsf.edu, 415-476-9750
Insensitivity of Human iPS Cells‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Interferon‐γ‐induced HLA Expression Potentiates Repair Efficiency of Hind Limb Ischemia in Immune Humanized NOD Scid Gamma Mice

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are immunoprivileged cells due to the low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II molecules. However, the expression of MHC molecules in human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)‐derived MSCs has not been investigated. Here, we examined the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in human MSCs derived from iPSCs, fetuses, and adult bone marrow (BM) after stimulation with interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), compared their repair efficacy, cell retention, inflammation, and HLA II expression in immune humanized NOD Scid gamma (NSG) mice of hind limb ischemia. In the absence of IFN‐γ stimulation, HLA‐II was expressed only in BM‐MSCs after 7 days. Two and seven days after stimulation, high levels of HLA‐II were observed in BM‐MSCs, intermediate levels were found in fetal‐MSCs, and very low levels in iPSC‐MSCs. The levels of p‐STAT1, interferon regulatory factor 1, and class II transactivator exhibited similar phenomena. Moreover, p‐STAT1 antagonist significantly reversed the high expression of HLA‐II in BM‐MSCs. Compared to adult BM‐MSCs, transplanting iPSC‐MSCs into hu‐PBMNC NSG mice revealed markedly more survival iPSC‐MSCs, less inflammatory cell accumulations, and better recovery of hind limb ischemia. The expression of HLA‐II in MSCs in the ischemia limbs was detected in BM‐MSCs group but not in iPSC‐MSCs group at 7 and 21 days after transplantation. Our results demonstrate that, compared to adult MSCs, human iPSC‐MSCs are insensitive to proinflammatory IFN‐γ‐induced HLA‐II expression and iPSC‐MSCs have a stronger immune privilege after transplantation. It may attribute to a better therapeutic efficacy in allogeneic transplantation. Stem Cells 2015;33:3452–3467
Pericardial Modulation of Right and Left Ventricular Diastolic Interaction

We studied the effects of the right ventricle (RV) and pericardium on left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure-volume (P-V) relations in the normothermic isolated blood-perfused dog heart. Studies were performed at a constant heart rate (atrial pacing at 120 beats/min) with a coronary perfusion pressure of 100 mm Hg. LV volume was directly controlled by an intraventricular balloon, whereas RV filling pressure was increased stepwise from zero to 20 mm Hg. During progressive increases in RV filling pressure, with the pericardium intact, the LV diastolic P-V relations were shifted up and to the left; this leftward shift of the LV diastolic P-V relation was associated with an increase in the modulus of LV chamber stiffness. Closing the small pericardial incisions with sutures significantly increased this effect. In the absence of the pericardium, progressive filling of the RV resulted in minor changes in LV diastolic P-V relations. Only when the RV filling pressure was markedly elevated (20 mm Hg) was there a significant effect on LV diastolic pressure. The pericardium has a small but significant effect on LV diastolic P-V relations at physiological RV filling pressures, and this effect becomes considerable at high RV filling pressures. The RV influence on LV diastolic P-V relations is significantly modulated by the presence of tightness of the pericardium. Circ Res 48: 233-238, 1981
Behavioral risk factors of non communicable diseases: Experience from a village of Hoogly district, West Bengal

Behavioral risk factors play an important role in causation of NCDs. Five of the top 10 risks worldwide is specific to non communicable disease. Ischemic heart disease and stroke are projected to increase further by 2020, and developing countries will experience the highest burden. The study was carried out to find out the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and their association with socio demographic variables. A cross sectional study was carried out among 730 subjects of 15-64 yr age group in a village of West Bengal with help of pre designed proforma. Data taken on socio demographic variables, behavioral risk factor and then analyzed using statistical software. Study population comprised of nearly 57% male, 70% Hindu, 20% illiterate and 35 % unemployed. Median PCI p.m. was Rs.1100/-. 22.9% used smoked and smokeless tobacco, 75.2% current tobacco users, 21% current drinkers, 38.5% had sedentary lifestyle, 27.1% heavily active, 46.2% took vegetables regularly, 40.8% took fruits regularly, nearly 50% added extra salt most of the times. Unsaturated oil was used by79.6%. Age, sex, PCI, employment, education seen to be associated significantly (p < .05, 95% CI) with physical activity. Education had significant association with many behavioral risk factors (p <.01). Healthy lifestyle and increase in level of education is the need of modern time.
Two cultivated legume plants reveal the enrichment process of the microbiome in the rhizocompartments

The microbiomes of rhizocompartments (nodule endophytes, root endophytes, rhizosphere and root zone) in soya bean and alfalfa were analysed using high‐throughput sequencing to investigate the interactions among legume species, microorganisms and soil types. A clear hierarchical filtration of microbiota by plants was observed in the four rhizocompartments – the nodule endosphere, root endosphere, rhizosphere and root zone – as demonstrated by significant variations in the composition of the microbial community in the different compartments. The rhizosphere and root zone microbial communities were largely influenced by soil type, and the nodule and root endophytes were primarily determined by plant species. Diverse microbes inhabited the root nodule endosphere, and the corresponding dominant symbiotic rhizobia belonged to Ensifer for alfalfa and Ensifer–Bradyrhizobium for soya bean. The nonsymbiotic nodule endophytes were mainly Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The variation in root microbial communities was also affected by the plant growth stage. In summary, this study demonstrated that the enrichment process of nodule endophytes follows a hierarchical filtration and that the bacterial communities in nodule endophytes vary according to the plant species.
Risk factors associated with pelvic inflammatory disease

Objective: To investigate factors associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Methods: A case–control study was used to investigate demographic and behavioural factors, and causative agents associated with PID. Results: A total of 381 participants were recruited: 140 patients, and 105 and 136 controls in tubal ligation and general practice groups, respectively. When compared with a PID-free tubal ligation control group, increased risk of PID was associated with: age <25 years; age at first sexual intercourse <20 years; non-white ethnicity; not having had children; a self-reported history of a sexually transmitted disease; and exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis. When compared with a general practice control group, increased risk was associated with: age <25 years; age at first sexual intercourse <15 years; lower socioeconomic status; being single; adverse pregnancy outcome; a self-reported history of a sexually transmitted disease; and exposure to C trachomatis. Of the cases, 64% were not associated with any of the infectious agents measured in this study (idiopathic). Conclusions: A high proportion of cases were idiopathic. PID control strategies, which currently focus on chlamydial screening, have to be reviewed so that they can prevent all cases of PID. Behavioural change is a key factor in the primary prevention of PID, and potential modifiable risk factors were associated with PID.
Genetic predisposition toward suicidal ideation in patients with acute coronary syndrome

The genetic predisposition toward suicidal ideation has been explored to identify subgroups at high risk and to prevent suicide. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with an increased risk of suicide, but few studies have explored the genetic predisposition toward suicide in ACS populations. Therefore, this longitudinal study explored the genetic predisposition toward suicidal ideation in ACS patients. In total, of 969 patients within 2 weeks after ACS, 711 were followed at 1 year after ACS. Suicidal ideation was evaluated with the relevant items on the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Ten genetic polymorphisms associated with serotonergic systems, neurotrophic factors, carbon metabolism, and inflammatory cytokines were examined. Associations between genetic polymorphisms and suicidal ideation within 2 weeks and 1 year of ACS were investigated using logistic regression models. The 5-HTTLPR s allele was significantly associated with suicidal ideation within 2 weeks of ACS after adjusting for covariates and after the Bonferroni correction. TNF-α –308G/A, IL-1β –511C/T, and IL-1β + 3953C/T were significantly associated with suicidal ideation within 2 weeks after ACS, but these associations did not reach significance after the Bonferroni correction in unadjusted analyses and after adjusting for covariance. However, no significant association between genetic polymorphisms and suicidal ideation was found at 1 year. Genetic predisposition, 5-HTTLPR s allele in particular, may confer susceptibility to suicidal ideation in ACS patients during the acute phase of ACS.
Parkinson's disease in 65 pairs of twins and in a set of quadruplets

Among 43 monozygotic (MZ) and 19 dizygotic (DZ) pairs in which an index case had definite Parkinson's disease (PD), only one MZ pair was definitely concordant for PD. When pairs with questionable clinical features were included, 4 of 48 MZ and 1 of 19 DZ pairs were concordant. The frequency of PD in MZ cotwins of index cases with PD was similar to that expected in an unrelated control group matched for age and sex. Although we were unable to identify a single environmental agent, we conclude that the major factors in the etiology of PD are nongenetic.
Archer fish fast hunting maneuver may be guided by directionally selective retinal ganglion cells

Archer fish are known for their unique hunting method, where one fish in a group shoots down an insect with a jet of water while all the other fish are observing the prey’s motion. To reap its reward, the archer fish must reach the prey before its competitors. This requires fast computation of the direction of motion of the prey, which enables the fish to initiate a turn towards the prey with an accuracy of 99%, at about 100 ms after the prey is shot. We explored the hypothesis that direction‐selective retinal ganglion cells may underlie this rapid processing. We quantified the degree of directional selectivity of ganglion cells in the archer fish retina. The cells could be categorized into three groups: sharply (5%), broadly (37%) and non‐tuned (58%) directionally selective cells. To relate the electrophysiological data to the behavioral results we studied a computational model and estimated the time required to accumulate sufficient directional information to match the decision accuracy of the fish. The computational model is based on two direction‐selective populations that race against each other until one reaches the threshold and drives the decision. We found that this competition model can account for the observed response time at the required accuracy. Thus, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fast response behavior of the archer fish relies on retinal identification of movement direction.
Challenges in enterprise resource planning implementation: state-of-the-art

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an integrative and detailed review of the critical factors that cause enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation failures, based on an in‐depth literature review (1997‐2009). Design/methodology/approach – Keywords relating to the subject of this paper were defined, and used to search web engines and journal databases for papers on ERP implementation failures. These papers were further analysed and classified into various categories.Findings – Nine factors are found to be critical in the failure of ERP implementations: excessive customisation, dilemma of internal integration, poor understanding of business implications and requirements, lack of change management, poor data quality, misalignment of IT with business, hidden costs, limited training and lack of top management support.Research limitations/implications – The paper proposes the development of a framework to address each ERP implementation failure factor in its entirety based on the frequency.
Prevalence of Human KI and WU Polyomaviruses in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in China

ABSTRACT The KI and WU polyomaviruses were found in 11 (2.7%) and 17 (4.2%) of 406 nasopharyngeal aspirates, respectively, from children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). The phylogenetic analysis indicates that they are all in the same cluster as the prototype strains. Our findings suggest that they are common in children with ARTI in China.
Neural Projections in Planarian Brain Revealed by Fluorescent Dye Tracing

Abstract The planarian brain has an inverted-U shaped structure with functional regionalization. To investigate how each region in the brain connects to each other, we traced neural projections by microin-jection of fluorescence dye tracers. We found that external light and olfactory/taste signals received in the head region are conveyed in the main lobes (sponge region) of the brain. Chemosensory neurons distributed in the lateral branches project to the peripheral region of the sponge and visual neurons project to the medial region of the sponge. Parts of the sensory neurons project directly to the corresponding sensory neurons on the opposite side of the brain. However, all of the dye labeled brain neurons in the left and right lobes connect to each other via commissural neurons in the central region of the sponge. In addition to these observations, we detected regional differences in the planarian visual neurons. Posterior visual neurons have ipsilateral projection, but anterior visual neurons project to the contralateral side of the brain. A pair of longitudinal ventral nerve cords (VNC) connect to the brain on the ventral side, suggesting that they transmit signals which are integrated and processed in the brain. We also detected the direct connection of neurons in the brain and those of the pharynx, even though most pharynx neurons connect to VNC neurons. Here, we report for the first time on neural connections in the planarian central nervous system after overcoming technical difficulties specific to flatworms.
High‐grade ovarian serous carcinoma exhibits significantly higher p16 expression than low‐grade serous carcinoma and serous borderline tumour

Aims: A dualistic pathway of ovarian serous carcinogenesis is now well established whereby high‐grade serous carcinoma and low‐grade serous carcinoma represent two distinct tumour types with a different underlying pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to compare expression of p16 INK4A (p16) in these two tumour types. We also included cases of serous borderline tumour, since these are considered to represent a precursor lesion of low‐grade serous carcinoma.
Alcohol impairment of behavior in men and women.

AIMS Studies have shown that alcohol impairs the ability to inhibit behavioral responses in humans and some evidence suggests that men might display greater impairment than women. The present study compared men and women in the degree to which a moderate dose of alcohol impaired their inhibitory control at comparable blood alcohol concentrations. DESIGN Twelve male and 12 female adult social drinkers received a moderate dose of alcohol (0.65 g/kg) and a placebo in a counterbalanced order and performed a cued go/no-go task that measured the ability to inhibit and execute behavioral responses. FINDINGS When the behavioral response was pre-potent (i.e. instigated), men displayed greater impairment of inhibitory control under alcohol than women. Men also reported greater levels of subjective stimulation from alcohol compared with women, who reported more sedation from the drug. CONCLUSIONS A gender difference in alcohol impairment of inhibitory control could account for observations that disinhibited and aggressive behaviors under alcohol are more pronounced in men than in women.