Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PIP1 Aquaporin Contributes to Hydrostatic Pressure-Induced Water Transport in Both the Root and Rosette of Arabidopsis1[C][W]

Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water across plant cell membranes. In this work, we used a combination of pharmacological and reverse genetic approaches to investigate the overall significance of aquaporins for tissue water conductivity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We addressed the function in roots and leaves of AtPIP1;2, one of the most abundantly expressed isoforms of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein family. At variance with the water transport phenotype previously described in AtPIP2;2 knockout mutants, disruption of AtPIP1;2 reduced by 20% to 30% the root hydrostatic hydraulic conductivity but did not modify osmotic root water transport. These results document qualitatively distinct functions of different PIP isoforms in root water uptake. The hydraulic conductivity of excised rosettes (Kros) was measured by a novel pressure chamber technique. Exposure of Arabidopsis plants to darkness increased Kros by up to 90%. Mercury and azide, two aquaporin inhibitors with distinct modes of action, were able to induce similar inhibition of Kros by approximately 13% and approximately 25% in rosettes from plants grown in the light or under prolonged (11–18 h) darkness, respectively. Prolonged darkness enhanced the transcript abundance of several PIP genes, including AtPIP1;2. Mutant analysis showed that, under prolonged darkness conditions, AtPIP1;2 can contribute to up to approximately 20% of Kros and to the osmotic water permeability of isolated mesophyll protoplasts. Therefore, AtPIP1;2 can account for a significant portion of aquaporin-mediated leaf water transport. The overall work shows that AtPIP1;2 represents a key component of whole-plant hydraulics.
Predictors of work disability during the first 3 years after diagnosis in a national rheumatoid arthritis inception cohort

Objective To identify predictors of sick leave and disability pension in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Individuals aged 19–59 years diagnosed with early RA (≤12 months symptom duration) were identified in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (1999–2007; n=3029). We retrieved days of sick leave and disability pension from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency and baseline predictors of total work days lost during 3 years after RA diagnosis were investigated using linear regression. Due to effect modification by baseline work ability (defined as work days lost the month before diagnosis), analyses were stratified into three categories: full=0 work days lost the month before diagnosis; partial=1–29 work days lost; and none=30 work days lost. Results 71% of patients with full baseline work ability still had full work ability after 3 years compared with 36% (p<0.001) and 18% (p<0.001) of those with partial and no work ability at baseline, respectively. Elevated baseline levels of HAQ and DAS28, higher age, lower education level and unemployment were associated with more work days lost during 3 years in all strata of baseline work ability (all p<0.05). In a separate analysis, more objective variables (ESR, CRP and swollen joints) were not. Generally, the largest regression coefficients were seen for patients with partial baseline work ability. Conclusions Work ability at RA diagnosis was the most important predictor of 3-year sick leave and disability pension. Taking this into account, HAQ, DAS28, age and education level were also significant predictors, whereas ESR and CRP were not.
Improved Tag-based Indoor Localization of UAVs Using Extended Kalman Filter

Indoor localization and navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a critical function for autonomous flight and automated visual inspection of construction elements in continuously changing construction environments. The key challenge for indoor localization and navigation is that the global positioning system (GPS) signal is not sufficiently reliable for state estimation. Having used the AprilTag markers for indoor localization, we showed a proof-of-concept that a camera-equipped UAV can be localized in a GPS-denied environment; however, the accuracy of the localization was inadequate in some situations. This study presents the implementation and performance assessment of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for improving the estimation process of a previously developed indoor localization framework using AprilTag markers. An experimental set up is used to assess the performance of the updated estimation process in comparison to the previous state estimation method and the ground truth data. Results show that the state estimation and indoor localization are improved substantially using the EKF. To have a more robust estimation, we extract and fuse data from multiple tags. The framework can now be tested in real-world environments given that our continuous localization is sufficiently robust and reliable.
INTRODUCING THE QUANTITATIVE-QUALITATIVE CONTINUUM: AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW ON TEACHING RESEARCH METHODS COURSES

In this paper, I will tackle the issue of teaching research methods in a context where qualitative and quantitative approaches are not onl y seen as valid and useful ways of studying educational phenomena, but it is assumed t hat, in some cases, combined design may be the best choice for a particular rese arch project. It is easy to perceive that in this context the current practice by which research courses are often either qualitative or quantitative, and even if taught in a single course, in a sequential manner and with no attempt to draw parallels between the t wo arguably polar approaches, is not pertinent. 1
Virulence , resistance , and genetic relatedness of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp . isolated from mule foals

Respiratory diseases are common in young horses but little is known about such infections in mule foals. This study aimed to characterize Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. isolated from tracheal wash (TW) and fecal samples (FS) of mule foals, with or without cytological evidence of respiratory disease. Strains were analyzed against 13 antimicrobials, for presence of Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), and virulence genes. Phylogrouping and Randomic (RAPD)-PCR profiles were used to evaluate their genetic relatedness. E. coli strains from TW and FS showed greatest resistance to tetracycline, while Klebsiella strains were mainly resistant to ampicillin; multidrug resistance and ESBL production were also detected. The blaCTX gene prevailed among the E. coli isolates, while the blaSHV gene was more frequently found in K. pneumoniae. The fimH gene was detected in most of the isolates and multiple virulence factors were identified in three E. coli isolates. Most of the E. coli isolates belonged to the B1 phylogroup, but B2 strains displayed more virulence genes. The RAPD assay revealed genetic diversity among strains and was able to distinguish FS isolates from TW isolates. Knowledge of the bacteria associated with the respiratory tract of mule foals is important in the treatment of sick animals.
Image Labeling by Integrating Global Information by 7 Patches and Local Information

We propose an image labeling method by integrating the probabilities of local and global information. Many conventional methods put label to each pixel or region by using the features extracted from local regions and local contextual relationships between neighboring regions. However, labeling results tend to depend on a local viewpoint. To overcome this problem, we propose the image labeling method using not only local information but also global information. The probability by global information is estimated by KNearest Neighbor. In the experiments using the MSRC21 dataset, labeling accuracy is much improved by using global information.
Is there a relationship between birthweight and subsequent growth on the development of dental caries at 5 years of age? A cohort study.

OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between childhood growth and the presence of dental caries at age 5. METHODS Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) a population-based, prospective cohort study were used. We enrolled 14,541 pregnancies, and a 10% sample of these were dentally examined and measured at 61 months of age. Birthweight was obtained from medical records, and birth length and birthweight were assessed by trained ALSPAC measurers. A number of social and lifestyle factors were treated as potential confounding factors. RESULTS Of 985, children, 242 (24.6%) had caries at 61 months of age. After adjustment, increased weight at birth was associated with a small increased risk of caries at 61 months (OR: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.13) per 100 g increase, P = 0.002). A similar association was noted with respect to increased length at birth. Current weight and height did not appear to be associated with caries risk. Children who had caries at 61 months had slower increases in weight and height between birth and 61 months than those without decay at 61 months. CONCLUSIONS The weak associations we have demonstrated between weight and length at birth and risk of caries at age 61 months cannot be considered causal, however, the relationship between the two variables warrants further investigation.
Tuberculosis ( HIV-negative people ) In fectio u s d iseases

INTRODUCTION: About a third of the world's population has latent tuberculosis. In 2004, over 14 million people had active tuberculosis. Approximately 1.7 million people died from the infection. Over 80% of new cases diagnosed in 2004 were in people in Africa, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific regions. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of interventions to prevent tuberculosis in people without HIV infection at high risk of developing tuberculosis? What are the effects of interventions to prevent tuberculosis in people without HIV infection at high risk of developing multidrugresistant tuberculosis? What are the effects of different drug regimens in people with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis without HIV infection? What are the effects of different drug regimens in people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without HIV infection? What are the effects of low-level laser therapy in people with tuberculosis without HIV infection? Which interventions improve adherence to treatment in people with tuberculosis without HIV infection? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to July 2008 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 31 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: adding pyrazinamide in chemotherapy regimens lasting up to 6 months; adding rifampicin to isoniazid regimens; benefits of different regimens; chemotherapy for less than 6 months; daily chemotherapy; direct observation treatment; intermittent chemotherapy for 6 months or longer; isoniazid; low-level laser therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis; regimens containing quinolones; rifampicin plus isoniazid; substituting rifampicin with ethambutol in the continuous phase; and support mechanisms for directly observed treatment.
Emerging Topics in the Regulation of Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration

This year marks the 50th Anniversary of the founding of the Microcirculation Society. Since the formation of this society this field has witnessed tremendous progress in understanding the process of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation, injury, and immune reactions. This topic has been an important focus of many of the members of the Microcirculation Society as well as our colleagues worldwide. The goal of this brief review is to bring attention to a few emerging topics in inflammation research. Here the focus is on one particular model of how one leukocyte type (PMN) can regulate the recruitment of a second different leukocyte type (T cell) and provide an outline of other aspects that bear on spatial and temporal behavior of specific leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules during leukocyte transmigration under dynamic shear flow in vitro.
Complementation of deletion mutations in a cloned functional cluster of Erwinia chrysanthemi out genes with Erwinia carotovora out homologues reveals OutC and OutD as candidate gatekeepers of species‐specific secretion of proteins via the type II pathway

The type II or Sec‐dependent secretion system is used by diverse Gram‐negative bacteria for secretion of extracellular proteins. Of the 12–15 proteins involved in secretion, the requirement for many has not been demonstrated and little is known about their functions in the secretion process. The plant pathogens Erwinia chrysanthemi and Erwinia carotovora secrete extracellular pectate lyases (Pels) using the type II or Out pathway. However, these two bacteria cannot secrete Pels encoded by heterologously expressed genes from the other species, suggesting the presence of species‐specific recognition factors in the Out systems of the two Erwinia species. We previously reported the isolation of a cosmid clone, pCPP2006, from E. chrysanthemi EC16, which enables Escherichia coli to secrete heterologously expressed E. chrysanthemi Pels. Sequencing in a region required for secretion revealed the presence of 12 genes, outC‐M and outO. We report here the construction of functionally non‐polar mutations in each gene in the outC‐M operon and outS and outB using a polAts strain of E. coli to facilitate homologous recombination between out genes carrying deletions and their wild‐type copies on pCPP2006. By testing for complementation of each deletion with wild‐type out genes from E. chrysanthemi EC16 and E. carotovora SCRI193 we have demonstrated that: (i) each out gene is required for secretion of E. chrysanthemi PelE from E. coli with the exception of outH; (ii) each mutation can be complemented by its homologue from E. carotovora, except for outC and outD; (iii) outC and outD from E. carotovora do not confer secretion of Pel1 on the E. chrysanthemi Out system; and (iv) Pel1 secretion can be conferred on the E. chrysanthemi Out system by the presence of outC‐M, S and B from E. carotovora. The data suggest that OutC and OutD are gatekeepers of the Out system involved in recognition of Pels targeted for secretion but that OutC and OutD from E. carotovora cannot be successfully assembled into the E. chrysanthemi Out system.
A Paradigm Shift : Away From Conventional Categories and Toward Functional Processes

Mindfulness as a current topic of academic inquiry derives from two main historical roots: (1) Eastern contemplative psychology embedded in meditation (Germer, 2005; Gunaratana, 2002; Kabat-Zinn, 2011); and (2)Western social psychology (E. J. Langer, 1989). From both a contemplative and a social-psychological perspective, mindfulness concerns freeing oneself frommisperceptions, thinking patterns, and selfimposed limitations that impede creativity, clear seeing, and optimal mental and physical health. Moreover, from both the Eastern and Western view, every individual has the intrinsic capacity to be mindful, and with intention and practice, mindfulness can garner strength and stability. In this sense, the greatest potential of mindfulness may emerge when one consciously decides to pursue mindfulness not as just a “tool” in the proverbial toolbox, but as a way of seeing oneself and the world, or a conscious way of being and interacting (Kabat-Zinn, 2005). In the contemplative tradition, the fundamental shift in perspective associated with mindfulness is called Beginner’s Mind (Suzuki, 2010); this refers to the meditation practice of remaining open, curious, unattached, and mentally flexible. Hence, meditation practice offers a traditional method for cultivating the core qualities of mindfulness. In Western societies, mindfulness meditation is now taught—using the skills of Beginner’s Mind—as a way to relieve suffering associated with stress, pain, and illness (Kabat-Zinn, 1982, 1990, 2011). Jon Kabat-Zinn described the fundamental shift in perspective that comes about through mindfulness meditation practice as an
Efficacy of lufenuron , a chitin synthesis inhibitor on the mortality of Spodoptera litura ( Fabricius ) under laboratory conditions

Effectiveness of Heron 5 EC (Lufenuron) was evaluated against 3rd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) under laboratory conditions for time-oriented mortality with three different concentrations through different treatment methods. The larvae were treated with three different concentrations like 25, 50 and 75 ppm of lufenuron through three different treatment methods viz. direct or topical, indirect and combined. The highest mortality (about 100%) was observed from 75 ppm which was followed by 50 and 25 ppm respectively. The larval mortality was recorded at 6 hours after treatment (HAT) and 1-5 days after treatment (DAT) application. Considering the efficacy as well as mortality-duration among three treatment application methods, the combined method proved the best (100% mortality at 3 DAT in all concentrations of lufenuron) which was closely followed by indirect (100% mortality at 4 DAT in all concentrations of lufenuron) and topical method (83.30 to 100% mortality at 5 DAT in different concentrations of lufenuron). From this study, it can be concluded that Heron (Lufenuron) is very much effective against S. litura while stomach action is more effective compared to the direct or topical action.
EFFECT OF RIGIDITY OF NON-LIQUEFIED LAYER ON LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED LATERAL FLOW

Severe liquefaction near quay walls resulting from strong ground motion induces lateral flow, greatly damaging quay walls and the ground behind them, thereby aggravating the earthquake damage. In this study, analysis is conducted on damage of quay walls and the ground caused by liquefaction-induced flow, and an evaluation method for liquefaction-induced lateral flow is proposed considering the rigidity of the non-liquefied layer above the liquefied layer. At first, problems of treating soil with large Poisson's ratio, such as saturated sand deposit, by the finite element method are described. Selective reduced integration is introduced to the 2-dimensional finite element method as a solution to the problem mentioned above. The ground deformation analysis is applied to damage case studies to evaluate the effects of parameters, such as the thickness or the rigidity of the liquefied layer and the rigidity of the non-liquefied layer above the liquefied layer, on the lateral flow. The effect of the rigidity of the non-liquefied layer above the liquefied layer, such as the layer above the water level, is particularly clarified. A method is also proposed, in which the rigidity of the non-liquefied layer is expressed by the function of the distance from quay wall and the ratio of the rigidity of the non-liquefied layer and that of the liquefied layer. This method is applied to damage case studies to verify its applicability.
MODELING OF SHEAR-YIELDING MEMBERS FOR SEISMIC ENERGY DISSIPATION

Structural members yielding in shear are used in earthquake resistant systems, such as eccentrically braced steel frames and systems with passive energy dissipation devices, in a conscious effort to concentrate the energy dissipation capacity of the structure in components that can be repaired or replaced after a major earthquake. The simulation of the energy dissipation capacity of these components is important in the evaluation of the seismic response of these structural systems. This paper presents a new beam element for the simulation of the hysteretic behavior of shear-yielding members. The element is based on a three-field variational formulation with independent force, displacement and deformation fields. The displacement field is based on Timoshenko's shear beam theory. The nonlinear response of the element arises from the integration of biaxial stress-strain relations over several control sections along the element length. The biaxial material model accounts for the interaction between normal and shear stress. While previous concentrated plasticity models involve parameter tuning for different loading and support conditions, the proposed model is general in its derivation of the axial force-shear-flexure interaction from the material response. The proposed model shows the characteristic advantages of force-based beam elements and is capable of simulating the inelastic response of short beams with a single element without suffering from shear locking. The effect of shear is significant in these members during the elastic and inelastic response. The ability of the model to accurately represent the hysteretic behavior of short shearyielding members is ascertained with correlation studies of analytical results with available experimental data from shear-link experiments. INTRODUCTION
AC133 Antigen, CD133, Prominin‐1, Prominin‐2, Etc.: Prominin Family Gene Products in Need of a Rational Nomenclature

Correspondence: Denis Corbeil, Ph.D., Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74,D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Telephone: 49-351-210-1488; Fax: 49-351-210-1489; e-mail: corbeil@mpi-cbg.deReceived March 3, 2003; accepted for publication April 28, 2003. ©AlphaMed Press 1066-5099/2003/$12.00/0
Gasification of municipal solid waste in a downdraft gasifier : Analysis of tar formation

In this study, municipal solid waste (MSW) from a dumpsite was converted into refuse derived fuel (RDF) and used as feedstock for an air-blown gasification process. The gasification process was conducted in a 10 kg.hr downdraft gasifier at different air flow rates of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 550 NL.min at atmospheric pressure in order to investigate the quantity and quality of tar formed. It was shown that the increase in the air flow rate from 300 NL.min to 550 NL.min led to an increase in the oxidation temperature from 719°C to 870°C and an increase in the reduction temperature from 585°C to 750°C, respectively. Tar was reduced from 15 g.Nm to 4.7 g.Nm respectively. Heavy tar compounds (>C17) e.g. pyrene and phenathrene, decreased with the increase in the light tar compounds (<C10) e.g. naphthalene, indene and toluene; indicating the presence tar reduction through a tar cracking process.