Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chalcogenide Phase Change Material for Active Terahertz Photonics

The strikingly contrasting optical properties of various phases of chalcogenide phase change materials (PCM) has recently led to the development of novel photonic devices such as all‐optical non‐von Neumann memory, nanopixel displays, color rendering, and reconfigurable nanoplasmonics. However, the exploration of chalcogenide photonics is currently limited to optical and infrared frequencies. Here, a phase change material integrated terahertz metamaterial for multilevel nonvolatile resonance switching with spatial and temporal selectivity is demonstrated. By controlling the crystalline proportion of the PCM film, multilevel, non‐volatile, terahertz resonance switching states with long retention time at zero hold power are realized. Spatially selective reconfiguration at sub‐metamaterial scale is shown by delivering electrical stimulus locally through designer interconnect architecture. The PCM metamaterial also features ultrafast optical modulation of terahertz resonances with tunable switching speed based on the crystalline order of the PCM film. The multilevel nonvolatile, spatially selective, and temporally tunable PCM metamaterial will provide a pathway toward development of novel and disruptive terahertz technologies including spatio‐temporal terahertz modulators for high speed wireless communication, neuromorphic photonics, and machine‐learning metamaterials.
Impact of Racial-Ethnic Minority Status and Systemic Vulnerabilities on Time to Acute TBI Rehabilitation Admission in an Urban Public Hospital Setting

Purpose/Objective: Racial/ethnic minorities and other vulnerable social groups experience health care disparities. There is a lack of research exploring how time to acute rehabilitation admission is impacted by race/ethnicity and other marginalizing systemic vulnerabilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether race/ethnicity and other sociodemographic vulnerabilities impact expediency of acute rehabilitation admission following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research Method/Design: This study is a secondary analysis of an existing dataset of 111 patients admitted for acute TBI rehabilitation at an urban public hospital. Patient groups were defined by race/ethnicity (People of color or White) and vulnerable group status (high or low vulnerable group membership [VGM]). Results: White patients are admitted to acute TBI rehabilitation significantly faster than people of color. After taking vulnerabilities into account, high VGM people of color experience the most severe injuries and take the longest to receive acute TBI rehabilitation. Despite small differences in injury severity, low VGM people of color take longer to be admitted to acute TBI rehabilitation than White patients. High VGM White patients have less severe injuries yet take longer to be admitted to acute rehabilitation than low VGM White patients. Finally, notable differences exist between White patients and patients of color on rater-based injury severity scales that are discordant with severity as measured by more objective markers. Conclusions/Implications: Overall, findings indicate that sociodemographic factors including race/ethnicity and systemic vulnerabilities impact injury severity and time to acute TBI rehabilitation admission.
Neural networks for sentence comprehension and production: An ALE‐based meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies

Comprehending and producing sentences is a complex endeavor requiring the coordinated activity of multiple brain regions. We examined three issues related to the brain networks underlying sentence comprehension and production in healthy individuals: First, which regions are recruited for sentence comprehension and sentence production? Second, are there differences for auditory sentence comprehension vs. visual sentence comprehension? Third, which regions are specifically recruited for the comprehension of syntactically complex sentences? Results from activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analyses (from 45 studies) implicated a sentence comprehension network occupying bilateral frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regions implicated in production (from 15 studies) overlapped with the set of regions associated with sentence comprehension in the left hemisphere, but did not include inferior frontal cortex, and did not extend to the right hemisphere. Modality differences between auditory and visual sentence comprehension were found principally in the temporal lobes. Results from the analysis of complex syntax (from 37 studies) showed engagement of left inferior frontal and posterior temporal regions, as well as the right insula. The involvement of the right hemisphere in the comprehension of these structures has potentially important implications for language treatment and recovery in individuals with agrammatic aphasia following left hemisphere brain damage.
Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Exercise Capacity in Patients Treated with a Continuous Left Ventricular Assist Device

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. We hypothesized that an inadequate increase in heart rate (HR) during exercise was associated with low peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) seen in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients and aimed to analyze the potential relation between HR and VO2 peak and use of drugs with negative chronotropic effect. Sixty-eight LVAD recipients (44 Heartmate 2 and 24 HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device) with support duration >1 month and a VO2 peak were included from two centers. Patients were 57 ± 13 years at time of VO2 peak and LVAD support duration was 483 ± 545 days. Peak oxygen uptake was 12 ± 4 ml/kg/min (40% ± 13% of predicted). Heart rate reserve (HRR = maximal HR − resting HR) was 59 ± 22 min−1 (75% ± 15% of predicted for age, %HRR) and was significantly associated with VO2 peak (r = 0.244, p = 0.045). Predicted heart rate reserve was associated with %Predicted VO2 peak (P = 0.011). Chronotropic incompetence (CI) was observed in 44% and VO2 peak was clearly lower in patients with CI (10 ± 2.7 vs. 13 ± 4.6 ml/kg/min, p = 0.005). Beta-blockers (BB) were prescribed to 85% and adjusting for being on target BB-dose did not affect the correlation between %predicted VO2 peak and %HRR (r = 0.33, p = 0.024). In conclusion, almost half of LVAD recipients suffer from CI which is associated with lower VO2 peak. This relation did not seem to be affected by BB therapy.
TP53 rs1042522 and rs8064946 variants in myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the hypothesis that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TP53 gene are related to a risk of myocardial infarction. METHODS The coding SNP at codon 72 (rs1042522) and non-coding rs8064946 SNP were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers in 205 Czech patients with myocardial infarction and 148 Czech control subjects. RESULTS The distribution of both SNPs was in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and was similar to other European populations. Our power analysis showed 96 % of probability to detect an odd ratio equal to 2. Neither rs1042522 nor rs8064946 were associated with the risk of myocardial infarction. The haplotypes combined of rs1042522 and rs8064946 were not associated with myocardial infarction in the present study. CONCLUSION The TP53 SNPs are not strongly associated with genetic predisposition to myocardial infarction (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 23).
Increased lipocalin-2 vs reduced oxytocin in relation with adiposity, atherogenicity and hematological indices in metabolic syndrome patients with and without prediabetes.

OBJECTIVES The neuropeptide hormone- Oxytocin (OXT) and glycoprotein Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) are strongly associated with cardiometabolic risks of insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prediabetes (preDM). METHODS In a cross sectional design we aimed to compare and correlate plasma levels of OXT and LCN-2 and a set of clinical parameters, adiposity indices, atherogenicity indices, and hematological indices in 29 MetS/preDM individuals and 29 non-diabetic MetS subjects vs 30 normoglycemic lean controls. Colorimetric enzymatic assays of biomarkers were procured. RESULTS LCN-2 concentration (ng/mL) increased significantly in MetS/preDM vs controls. Substantially in MetS recruits (both non-diabetic and pre-diabetics; n = 58); OXT directly correlated with visceral adiposity index (VAI), non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenicity index of plasma (AIP). Impressively, LCN-2 correlated proportionally with waist circumference (WC), red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophils, and neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), but inversely with lymphocytes in the 58 (non- and preDM) MetS participants. CONCLUSIONS These pronounced variations and correlations of OXT and LCN-2 emphasize their putative molecular roles in MetS and preDM pathophysiologies. Thus, OXT and LCN-2 can be surrogate prognostic/diagnostic tools for the MetS/preDM pharmacotherapy/prevention (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 44).
Interleukin-6 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Abstract Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic childhood arthritis. Its pathogenesis is very complicated, with the involvement of not only immune cells but various types of parenchymal cells, and is affected by both genetic and environmental predispositions. The clinical spectrum from inflammation to related conditions is largely mediated by cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6. Fluctuations in IL-6 and its related molecules can modulate the pathogenesis and the clinical presentation positively or negatively. The recent clinical impact of IL-6 blockade on JIA has begun a therapeutic paradigm shift. This review describes the characteristics of JIA, mainly focused on IL-6 with the current therapeutic perspective.
Chemical composition and enzyme inhibition of Phytolacca dioica L. seeds extracts

Abstract Phytolacca, which belongs to the family of Phytolaccaceae, are known for their use in popular medicine. Bioactivity of five extracts from Phytolacca dioica seeds were evaluated in four bioassays. A selected group of compounds from the extract that displayed the best bioactivity was analysed. The ethyl acetate extract (EAE) possessed the highest content of phenolics, the highest inhibitory activity on the tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase enzymes and showed a high antioxidant activity. HPLC-DAD-MS was employed to identify the phenolics profile of the most active one (EAE). HSCCC analysis of the EAE led to the isolation of phytolaccoside B and a mixture of 4 isomers, isoamericanol B1, B2, C1 and C2. These isoamericanol isomers presented activity against tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase. Our results revealed for the first time an interesting biological activity of the extract and isolated compounds from P. dioica seeds, which could be considered as a source of bioactive molecules.
An efficient induction protocol for deriving mature oligodendrocytes from human dental stem cells.

INTRODUCTION This study examined the process of deriving mature oligodendrocytes from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) via addition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS The hDPSCs were cultured in the presence of retinoic acid and CSF. The oligodendrocytes were confirmed using immunocytochemistry for specific glial markers, namely Olig2 and MBP markers. RESULTS The differentiated oligodendrocytes were immunopositive for Olig2 and MBP markers at the end of induction phase. CONCLUSION It is concluded that this study indicated the glial differentiation of hDPSCs in the presence of CSF and appropriate inducers, which is a usable therapeutic technique in neuroregenerative medicine (Fig. 3, Ref. 24).
Auditory‐evoked potentials to changes in sound duration in urethane‐anaesthetized mice

Spectrotemporally complex sounds carry important information for acoustic communication. Among the important features of these sounds is the temporal duration. An event‐related potential called mismatch negativity indexes auditory change detection in humans. An analogous response (mismatch response) has been found to duration changes in speech sounds in rats but not yet in mice. We addressed whether mice show this response, and, if elicited, whether this response is functionally analogous to mismatch negativity or whether adaptation‐based models suffice to explain them. Auditory‐evoked potentials were epidurally recorded above the mice auditory cortex. The differential response to the changes in a repeated human speech sound /a/ was elicited 53–259 ms post‐change (oddball condition). The differential response was observable to the largest duration change (from 200 to 110 ms). Any smaller (from 200 to 120–180 ms at 10 ms steps) duration changes did elicit an observable response. The response to the largest duration change did not robustly differ in amplitude from the response to the change‐inducing sound presented without its repetitive background (equiprobable condition). The findings suggest that adaptation may suffice to explain responses to duration changes in spectrotemporally complex sounds in anaesthetized mice. The results pave way for development of a variety of murine models of acoustic communication.
Minimally invasive surgical techniques for the therapy of far lateral disc herniation in middle-aged and elderly patients

Abstract To examine the clinical results of different minimally invasive techniques for the therapy of far lateral disc herniation in middle-aged and elderly patients. An endoscopic approach (percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy; PELD), MIS-TLIF combined with contralateral translaminar screw (MIS-TLIF CTS), and MIS-TLIF combined with bilateral pedicle screws (MIS-TLIF BPS) were evaluated via a retrospective chart review. Data from 74 consecutive middle-aged and elderly patients with far lateral disc herniation were analyzed. All patients underwent surgery; 19 with PELD, 24 with MIS-TLIF CTS, and 31 with MIS-TLIF BPS. Clinical data included the length of the incision, duration of the operation, estimated blood loss, hospitalization time, operation cost, recurrence rate, and fusion rate. Preoperative and postoperative patient outcomes including the VAS, ODI scores and MacNab criteria were assessed and recorded. The mean follow-up time was 26.4 months (range from 14 to 46 months). Compared with the internal fixation groups, the length of the incision, duration of operation, estimated blood loss, and hospitalization time were obviously lower in the PELD group. The difference in operation cost among the three methods was statistically significant. The postoperative VAS scores for LBP and LP decreased significantly as compared with those recorded preoperatively. The postoperative ODI scores were lower than those recorded preoperatively. MacNab criteria rating excellent, good and fair results were in 27, 37 and 10 patients, respectively. Conclusion: PELD, MIS-TLIF CTS, and MIS-TLIF BPS are all effective minimally invasive techniques for the therapy of single segment far lateral lumbar disc herniation in middle-aged and elderly patients. PELD had a shorter operation time and less surgical trauma, being a less invasive and more economical method; however, there was no recurrence of disc herniation after fixation. Compared with MIS-TLIF BPS, MIS-TLIF CTS obtained a similar clinical effect and certain costs were saved.
Variants identified in PTK7 associated with neural tube defects

Variants in planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway genes have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of NTDs in both mouse models and in human cohorts. Mouse models indicate that the homogenous disruption of the Ptk7 gene, a PCP regulator, results in craniorachischisis; while embryos that are doubly heterozygous for Ptk7XST87 and Vangl2Lp mutations present with spina bifida.
Dinuclear ruthenium(II) Schiff base complex: a first in vivo study in Swiss albino mice.

OBJECTIVES Dinuclear ruthenium(II) Schiff base complex was selected for in vivo study among many other novel metal-based compounds, because of its previously proved in vitro anticancer and antibacterial properties. The aim was to investigate the potential toxicity of this compound in animal model through biochemical and histopathological assessment. METHODS Adult Swiss albino mice of both sexes were divided into high-dose and low-dose group that received a single intraperitoneal dose of ruthenium complex (175 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively) and one control group (vehicle only). After a follow-up period of 14 days, animals were sacrificed to obtain blood samples and organs. RESULTS The test compound was well tolerated in a low-dose group and did not cause any mortality. The histological findings and serum biochemistry suggested a reversible character of alterations found in vital organs of this group. However, in the high-dose group, adverse effects were more severe and indicated dose and gender-related toxicity. CONCLUSION Mild side effects found in a low-dose group together with excellent in vitro properties, made dinuclear ruthenium(II) Schiff base complex a promising candidate for further investigation and development as anticancer and antimicrobial agent (Tab. 4, Fig. 6, Ref. 32).
The morphological investigations on heart and some vessels of bovine fetus between the 15th and 25th weeks of gestation.

The aim of this study was to define the morphological and morphometric development of the fetus heart obtained from the domestic cattle in the gestation period of 15-25 weeks. For this purpose, 30 hearts belonging to cattle fetuses (15 males, 15 females) were used in total. The ages of fetuses were calculated according to the forehead-to-tail length and examined in 3 different groups. After dissection; biometric, macroanatomic, morphometric and histological findings were obtained from the fetal hearts according to the groups. In addition, mean values of the morphometric findings were determined. As a result of the study, it was found that with the advancing age the convexity of margo ventricularis dexter increased and the margo ventricularis sinister transformed from a convex-concave shape to a flat shape. The heart-to-body weight ratio was determined as 0.08% for the II. group female fetuses and 0.09% for all other groups. The heart heights for I. , II. , and III. group females were identified as 26.21, 41.00, and 46.27 mm, respectively and for the males 26.45, 34.89, and 47.15 mm, respectively. In the statistical analysis, it was determined that all the morphometric values measured from the heart had a significantly correlationto the forehead-to-tail length. The data obtained as a result of the study is thought to help understand the morphologically and morphometrically development of the heart, pioneer the attempts to create a fetal cattle heart model, and thus help in the diagnosis of the fetal heart pathologies.
A link between cytotoxicity in cell culture and gastrointestinal side effects of oral anticoagulants: bench-to-bedside.

OBJECTIVE Warfarin and nonvitamin-K oral anticoagulants including dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban are commonly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of systemic embolism and deep vein thrombosis. In this study, we aimed to compare the cytotoxic effects of warfarin and new oral anticoagulants and to show a possible correlation between cell cytotoxicity and gastrointestinal side effects in the real-life setting. METHODS L929 cells were incubated with test materials. At 24 and 48 hours, morphological changes and cell viability were evaluated. RESULTS At 24 and 48 hours, dabigatran resulted in altered cell morphology in all dilutions, while rivaroxaban, apixaban, and warfarin showed similar morphology with the control group, except for dilution I. Dabigatran and warfarin at 24 hours and at 48 hours had a statistically significantly lower cell viability in all dilutions, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal side effect profiles of these four agents in a real-life setting is consistent with the results obtained from the present study. There is no sole factor with the potential of explaining the entire gastrointestinal side effect profiles of anticoagulant agents. However, direct cytotoxic effects of anticoagulants should be considered primarily for gastrointestinal side effects in accordance with the results of present head-to-head cytotoxicity study (Tab. 5, Fig. 3, Ref. 28).
Reviewing estimates of the burden in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of tick-borne encephalitis in Slovenia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) reflects an increasing burden and can affect public health policy. Vaccination could be the most effective option to reduce the disease burden, this review can support national recommendations for TBE vaccination in Slovenia. Areas covered: This burden is relatively high in Slovenia and can be estimated by using an incidence-based disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) methodology. Notably, DALYs have been estimated for Slovenia in various studies. The present study summarizes the main differences and conclusions between two studies that dealt with the calculation of DALYs for TBE in Slovenia. The databases of PubMed and Embase were used to get information about publications that dealt with the TBE burden, using an incidence-based DALYs methodology, in Slovenia. Expert opinion: Permanent sequelae contribute the most to the total burden in DALYs. Increasing vaccination in all ages and age groups can be the most effective and efficient strategy to reduce the burden of TBE and protect the whole population health.
Positive and negative affect in the daily life of world trade center responders with PTSD: An ecological momentary assessment study.

OBJECTIVE The ability to experience positive affect (PA) has clinical and quality of life implications, particularly in vulnerable populations such as trauma-exposed disaster responders. Low PA is included in the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), however evidence for PA reduction in PTSD has been mixed. In contrast, negative affect (NA) has consistently been found to be elevated among individuals with PTSD. Multiday, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can provide more ecologically valid evidence about experiences of affect; however, no such studies have been conducted in traumatized individuals with PTSD to date. METHOD World Trade Center (WTC) responders (N = 202) oversampled for the presence of PTSD were recruited from the WTC Health Program. Participants were administrated the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 at baseline, then completed EMA surveys of affect four times a day over seven consecutive days. RESULTS Participants with current PTSD (19.3% of the sample) showed significantly higher levels of daily NA compared with those without PTSD. However, there was no group difference in daily PA, nor was PA associated with a dimensional measure of PTSD. CONCLUSION Results suggest that for chronic PTSD among disaster responders, positive emotions are not inhibited across daily living. Such findings add to evidence suggesting that PA reduction may not be diagnostically relevant to PTSD, whereas NA remains an important target for therapeutic interventions. Moreover, results show that WTC responders can experience and benefit from positive emotion, even if they continue to have PTSD symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).