Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age of Sexual Initiation, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Sexual Risk Behavior among Ecstasy and LSD Users in Porto Alegre, Brazil: A Preliminary Analysis

Ecstasy and LSD use is widespread in large Brazilian cities, but there is limited information on their use among young, middle-class, club goers in Brazil. We conducted standardized face-to-face interviews with 200 male and female ecstasy and/or LSD users, focusing on drug use and sexual history, current risk behaviors, and psychiatric symptomatology. Participants with early sexual debut (before 14) were more likely to report lifetime use of marijuana and powder and crack cocaine than those with later sexual initiation. Early sexual debut was associated with past year sexual risk behaviors, including having sex while high (Prevalence Ratio (PR)=1.3), having two or more sex partners (PR=1.3), as well as history of sexual abuse (PR=13.6). Depression and anxiety scores were similar by age of sexual initiation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Propofol versus midazolam/fentanyl for outpatient colonoscopy: administration by nurses supervised by endoscopists

BACKGROUND & AIMS Propofol is under evaluation as a sedative for endoscopic procedures. We compared nurse-administered propofol to midazolam plus fentanyl for outpatient colonoscopy. METHODS One hundred outpatients undergoing colonoscopy were randomized to receive propofol or midazolam plus fentanyl, administered by a registered nurse and supervised only by an endoscopist. Endpoints were patient satisfaction, procedure and recovery times, neuropsychologic function, and complications. RESULTS The mean dose of propofol administered was 277 mg; mean doses of midazolam and fentanyl were 7.2 mg and 117 microg, respectively. Mean time to sedation was faster with propofol (2.1 vs. 6.1 min; P<0.0001), and depth of sedation was greater (P<0.0001). Patients receiving propofol reached full recovery sooner (16.5 vs. 27.5 min; P=0.0001) and were discharged sooner (36.5 vs. 46.1 min; P=0.01). After recovery, the propofol group scored better on tests reflective of learning, memory, working memory span, and mental speed. Six minor complications occurred in the propofol group: 4 episodes of hypotension, 1 episode of bradycardia, and 1 rash. Five complications occurred with the use of midazolam and fentanyl: one episode of oxygen desaturation requiring mask ventilation and 4 episodes of hypotension. Patients in the propofol vs. midazolam and fentanyl groups reported similar degrees of overall satisfaction using a 10-cm visual analog scale (9.3 vs. 9.4, P>0.5). CONCLUSIONS Nurse-administered propofol resulted in several advantages for outpatient colonoscopy compared with midazolam plus fentanyl, but did not improve patient satisfaction.
Systematic Monetary Policy and the Macroeconomic Effects of Shifts in Loan-to-Value Ratios

What are the macroeconomic consequences of changing aggregate lending standards in residential mortgage markets, as measured by loan-to-value (LTV) ratios? In a structural VAR, GDP and business investment increase following an expansionary LTV shock. Residential investment, by contrast, falls, a result that depends on the systematic reaction of monetary policy. We show that, historically, the Fed tended to respond directly to expansionary LTV shocks by raising the monetary policy instrument, and, as a result, mortgage rates increase and residential investment declines. The monetary policy reaction function in the US appears to include lending standards in residential markets, a finding we confirm in Taylor rule estimations. Without the endogenous monetary policy reaction residential investment increases. House prices and household (mortgage) debt behave in a similar way. This suggests that an exogenous loosening of LTV ratios is unlikely to explain booms in residential investment and house prices, or run ups in household leverage, at least in times of conventional monetary policy.
Effects of gender in library and information science research: A case study of The Electronic Library

This study aims to showcase the effect of gender in the field of library and information science. ,Research and review articles published from 2005 through 2014 in The Electronic Library, a prominent journal in the field of Library and Information Science, were examined from the perspective of authors’ gender. Influence of gender was assessed with respect to at individual and collaborative levels, quality in terms of citedness and citation count, and receipt of research grants. ,There has been an increase in the proportion of male authors over the years with a resulting decline in female authors. Male authors are more productive as teachers, while females contribute more as working professionals or while they peruse their academic/research programmes. Though the productivity in collaborative works has increased in all gender combinations, it is more prominent when authors of opposite gender team up. No significant difference is observed in the number of national or international works produced in different collaborative authorship patterns. There is no difference in the number of male and female authors in male–female collaborative works. Works sponsored by grants are produced more frequently in groups comprising male–female or male–male members. No significant difference is observed in the number of cited or uncited works produced in different authorship patterns. The number of citations to works is independent of the nature of gender-wise authorship patterns. ,The study examines the status of women in research, specifically in the field of library and information science. The findings of the study are based on the contribution of the authors involved with the journal, “The Electronic Library”. Readers are encouraged to expand the study by including authors that contribute to other library and information science journals. ,The study is first of its kind to highlight the involvement and observe the influence of female authors in the field of library and information science research.
A Systemic Review of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sources and their Multilineage Differentiation Potential Relevant to Musculoskeletal Tissue Repair and Regeneration.

BACKGROUND Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first isolated from bone marrow by Friedenstein in 1976. These cells were clonogenic, non-haematopoietic, and able to replicate extensively in vitro. The fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have grown dramatically since their inception. In the decades since, MSCs have been identified from mesoderm-, endoderm- and ectoderm-derived tissues. In light of our ageing population, the need for effective cell-based therapies for tissue repair and regeneration is ever-expanding. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to summarise evidence from the most recent studies outlining different sources of adult MSCs and their suitability in musculoskeletal applications. METHODS Online published articles were searched for using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Ovid databases, and relevant articles fulfilling the pre-defined eligibility criteria were analysed. RESULTS To date, MSCs have been isolated from a number of adult tissues, including trabecular bone, adipose tissue, bone marrow, synovium, dermis, periodontal ligament, dental pulp, bursa and the umbilical cord. Bone marrow MSCs are currently considered the gold standard, with which newly discovered sources are compared on the basis of their renewal capabilities and multipotency. Furthermore, MSCs have been successful in the regeneration of osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, bony defects, fracture remodeling and so on. CONCLUSION Unfortunately, significant hurdles remain and will need to be overcome before tissue engineering using MSCs becomes routine in clinical practice. Thus, further research and understanding are required into the safe and effective sourcing and application of mesenchymal stem cells in musculoskeletal applications.
Long‐Term Results of Transcatheter Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Patients with Impaired Left Ventricular Systolic Function

AF Ablation and Impaired Left Ventricular Function. Introduction: Long‐term outcome of AF ablation in patients with impaired LVEF is unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate sinus rhythm (SR) maintenance, clinical status, and echocardiographic parameters over a long‐term period following atrial fibrillation (AF) transcatheter ablation in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL) - all the aspects

B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL)/Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is a neoplastic, lymphoproliferative disease, characterized by accumulation of small, mature lymphocytes of the B- cell line in the blood, bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. CLL and SLL are different manifestations of the same disease. The major difference is that in CLL a significant number of the abnormal lymphocytes are also found in the bone marrow and blood, while in SLL the abnormal lymphocytes are predominantly found in the lymph nodes and bone marrow. B-CLL is the commonest leukaemia in adults in the Western countries. The mean age of occurrence is in the range of 64-70 years. The clinical course of the disease is highly variable. Approximately 2-10% of patients with CLL/SLL will develop histologic transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or Hodgkin lymphoma. This transformation is called Richter's syndrome and involves a much more aggressive disease and a fatal outcome. Adequate immunophenotyping of peripheral blood is essential for establishing the diagnosis of CLL/SLL. The typical immunophenotype for CLL/SLL is CD5+, CD10-, CD19+, and CD20 dim, surface immunoglobulin dim, CD23+, CD43 +/-, and cyclin D1-. During the past decade, numerous prognostic factors were identified and include serum markers such as thymidine kinase and beta-2 microglobulin, genetic markers including IGHV mutational status and cytogenetic abnormalities detected by FISH (e.g., del(13q), del(11q), del(17p), CD38 expression, CD49d and ZAP-70 expression/methylation). During the last few years, recurrent mutations in NOTCH1, SF3B1 and BIRC3 genes with prognostic implications in CLL were also identified. Minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity determined in the peripheral blood after the end of treatment is emerging as an important predictor of treatment efficacy. Ongoing preclinical and clinical studies will unravel newer therapeutic targets and keep on improving patient outcomes and the quality of life.
Impact of fellowship training on research productivity in academic otolaryngology

Assessment of scholarly productivity as measured by research output is a key component of decisions regarding appointment and advancement in academic otolaryngology. An increasing number of graduating residents are pursuing postresidency fellowships, and evaluation of research productivity among these subspecialists is important in determining their role in academic otolaryngology departments. The h‐index is a reliable indicator of research productivity, as it takes into account both quantity and relevance of research contributions. Our objective was to evaluate and compare trends in research productivity among the various otolaryngology subspecialties.
Analysis of the dynamic characters of C-shaped armature in railgun

In order to obtain the dynamic characteristics of C-shaped armature, the finite element software Ansoft was used to model the C-shape armature of simple square-bore railgun based on the assumption of no disjunction and ideal complete contact between the armature and rail. Five types of armature, such as monolithic armature, whole chunked armature, forward-back chunked armature, up-down chunked armature and left-right chunked armature, the general and local mechanics characteristics were calculated and analyzed. The force exerted on the each part of the armature was discussed. The method of the optimal geometric structure for C-shaped armature was formed, which could provide the basic reference for the armature design.
Temperatures of Desert Plants: Another Perspective on the Adaptability of Leaf Size

Surface temperatures of perennial plants in the Sonoran Desert of California ranged from 20�C above air temperature to over 18�C below air temperature during rapid growth periods following rain. Desert cactus with large photosynthetic stem surfaces had the highest temperatures and lowest transpiration rates. Perennial plants with relatively small leaves had moderate transpiration rates and leaf temperatures close to air temperature. Desert perennials with relatively large leaves had leaf temperatures well below air temperature along with the greatest accompanying transpiration rates of over 20 micrograms per square centimeter per second, but also had correspondingly low temperatures for maximum photosynthesis. The low leaf temperatures measured for these large-leafed species are an exception to the more common pattern for desert plants whereby a smaller leaf size prevents overheating and leads to reductions in transpiration and increased water-use efficiency. The contribution of a larger leaf size to a lower leaf temperature, and thus higher rate of photosynthesis for these large-leafed species, may represent an adaptive pattern previously unrecognized for desert plants.
Static and Free Vibration Analysis of Composite Straight Beams on the Pasternak Foundation

The objective of this study is to investigate the static and free vibration analysis of the cross-ply laminated straight beams on a two-parameter foundation, namely Pasternak. The curved element formulation is based on Timoshenko beam theory including the shear influence and the rotary inertia. The degrees of freedom of the two nodded element are three translations, three rotations, two shear forces, one axial force, two bending moment and one torque (12 DOF). A parametric study is performed on the static and the natural frequencies of cross-ply laminated straight beams with various foundation parameters. Support conditions are simply supported, fixed-fixed and fixed-roller.
Inhibitory Effects of Octreotide on Luminal Cholecystokinin-releasing Factor, Plasma Cholecystokinin, and Pancreatic Secretion in Conscious Rats

Introduction Luminal cholecystokinin-releasing factor (LCRF), purified from rat intestinal secretions, is an intraluminal regulator of cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion during bile and pancreatic juice diversion. Aim Because the LCRF content was not influenced by intravenous administration of atropine or somatostatin, the inhibitory effect of a potent somatostatin analog octreotide on LCRF content, the plasma CCK level, and pancreatic secretion was examined. Methodology Rats were prepared with bile and pancreatic cannulae and two duodenal cannulae and with an external jugular vein cannula. After 1.5-hour basal collection, bile and pancreatic juice was diverted for 2 hours, during which octreotide was infused intravenously or into the duodenal lumen. The changes in pancreatic secretion were recorded for 2 hours, and the plasma CCK level and LCRF content 2 hours after the treatment were measured. Results Bile and pancreatic juice diversion significantly increased pancreatic secretion and plasma CCK and LCRF levels. Intravenous infusion of octreotide (0.2 and 0.5 nmol/kg/hour) inhibited all parameters. Intraduodenal infusion of a lower dose of octreotide (33 nmol/kg/hour) inhibited pancreatic secretion, but did not inhibit CCK release or LCRF content. The higher doses (100 and 300 nmol/kg/hour) inhibited all parameters. Conclusion Intravenous and intraduodenal administrations of octreotide inhibited CCK release and LCRF content and pancreatic secretion induced by bile and pancreatic juice diversion.
DETECTION OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE ـVIRUS INFECTION ASSOCIATED ANTIBODIES IN SHEEP SERA IN BASRA BY AGID TEST

This study was performed to detect the antibodies against the virus-infectionassociated antigen (VIAA) in previously diseased sheep in Basra. The test is valuable in epizootiological surveys because only infected animals with foot and mouth disease virus will give positive reaction. Seventy five sheep sera were re-tested by AGID test to VIA antibodies from 241 sheep sera examined by ELISA-VIAA test, collected from 13 suspicious infected sheep flocks with FMD from two areas in Basra. It was found -by AGID test that 56% of the total positive tested sheep sera to ELISA build specific VIA antibodies against FMD virus, and that 96% of the negative ELISA samples were negative to AGID test. The results indicated that ELISA technique was more sensitive than AGID technique.
Adaptive FIR filter architectures for run-time reconfigurable FPGAs

This paper presents a technique for realizing adaptive FIR filters that use constant-coefficient multipliers on a run-time reconfigurable FPGA. Three different adaptive FIR filter architectures for run-time reconfigurable FPGAs are presented. It is shown that run-time reconfigurable logic can be used to efficiently implement adaptive constant-coefficient FIR filters. With reasonable configuration latency, benefits in speed, area and power consumption are obtained.
Glial environment in the developing superior colliculus of hamsters in relation to the timing of retinal axon ingrowth

We have examined the developmental changes of glial cell organization in the superior colliculus of embryonic and neonatal hamsters in reference to the known sequence of retinal axon ingrowth and arborization in the midbrain. Immunolocalization of vimentin, a marker for neuronal and glial cell precursors, reveals a uniform distribution of radially oriented cells, with perikarya located at the ventricular surface and thin, elongated processes fanning out toward the pia. These vimentin‐positive cells, referred to as the lateral radial cells, are present in the tectum from embryonic day (E) 10 (earliest day examined) until approximately postnatal day (P) 5. Vimentin expression in the lateral radial cells decreases markedly during the second week of postnatal life: application of DiI to the ventricular surface reveals that the pial attachment of the lateral radial cells is withdrawn and that the radial processes are gradually pulled back toward the ventricular zone. By P14, virtually no vimentin‐positive radial cells are detectable in the superior colliculus. At no time during development are the lateral radial cells immunopositive for the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); however, shorter, vimentin‐positive astrocytic profiles can be seen in the tectum, around the time the radial fibers have been withdrawn, suggesting that at least some radial cells are transformed into astrocytes that will colonize the mature colliculus.
THE SURVIVAL OF SKIN ALLOGRAFTS AND XENOGRAFTS IN GERM-FREE MICE

SUMMARY Germ-free (BALB/c X C57BL/10)F1 and BALB/c female mice and age-matched, conventional controls were challenged with mouse skin allografts of varying degrees of histoincompatibility: “strong” (H-2), “moderate” (non-H-2), and “weak” (H-Y) and with rat skin xenografts. No significant difference in survival times of first- or secondset grafts was found between the germ-free recipients and their conventional counterparts. Apparently, neither the absence of viable microorganisms nor the reduction of lymphoid tissue in germ-free mice has an effect on skin allograft and xenograft rejection.
Neuronal Elements in the Testis of the Rhesus Monkey: Ontogeny, Characterization and Relationship to Testicular Cells

Intrinsic neuron-like cells expressing the catecholamine-biosynthetic enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were recently identified in the testis of the prepubertal rhesus monkey. In this study, we characterized the neuron-like nature of these cells and examined distribution and frequency of neuronal elements in the testes of monkeys during postnatal development, puberty and adulthood. Using immunohistochemical methods, we detected both nerve fibers and cell bodies, immunoreactive for the neuronal markers neurofilament 200 (NF-200) and synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), TH and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in perivascular locations, intermingled with interstitial cells and close to the wall of seminiferous tubules. Marked age-related differences in the numbers of these neuronal elements became apparent, when we quantified NF-200-immunoreactive neuronal elements. Thus, intrinsic neuron-like cell bodies were found only in the testes from immature animals (i.e., until about 3 years of age). Conversely, nerve fibers, presumably representing mainly the extrinsic innervation, were observed at all ages although they became more prominent after the pubertal increase in LH and testosterone levels. Interestingly, another testicular cell type known to contain potent regulatory substances, mast cells, was found to be in close anatomical proximity to nerve fibers. The number of these cells, positively identified with an antibody to tryptase, increased significantly after puberty following the same pattern as nerve fibers. These results confirm that the testicular nervous system of the monkey is composed of two components, intrinsic nerve cells and extrinsic fibers, both of which are catecholaminergic and peptidergic in nature. Furthermore, both components show a marked degree of plasticity during development, especially around the time of puberty. The intratesticular locations of neuron-like cells and fibers suggest that catecholamines and neuropeptides are likely to have multiple sites of actions, and may affect Leydig cells, cells of the tubular wall and vascular cells directly and/or indirectly via intermediation of mast cells.
Differential proteomics in the aging Noble rat ventral prostate

Incidence of prostatic diseases increases dramatically with age which may be related to a decline in androgen support. However, the key mechanisms underlying prostate aging remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the aging process in the ventral prostate (VP) of Noble rats by identifying differentially expressed prostate proteins between 3‐ and 16‐month‐old animals using ICAT and MS. In total, 472 proteins were identified with less than a 1% false positive rate, among which 34 were determined to have a greater than two‐fold increase or 1.7‐fold decrease in expression in the aged VPs versus their younger counterparts. The majority of the differentially expressed proteins identified have not been previously reported to be associated with prostate aging, and they fall into specific functional categories, including oxidative stress/detoxification, chaperones, protein biosynthesis, vesicle transport, and intracellular trafficking. The expression of GST, ferritin, clusterin, kininogen, oxygen regulated protein 150, spermidine synthase, ADP ribosylation factor, and cyclophilin B was verified by Western blot analyses on samples used for the ICAT study, as well as on those obtained from an independent group of animals comprised of three age groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the proteome of the aging rat prostate.