Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants and Marketed Herbal Formulations

Diabetes mellitus is a major problem of today’s world and leading cause of death. The number of people suffering from diabetes is increasing due to population growth, aging, urbanization, and increasing prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity. Indians are genetically more susceptible to diabetes, for which World Health Organization predicts the number of diabetic persons in India may rise up to 74 million by 2025. The increasing worldwide incidence of diabetes mellitus in adults constitutes a global public health burden. It is predicted that by 2030, India, China and the United States will have largest number of people with diabetes. So the need arises to cure this disease with potent drug causing fewer side effects. The plant based medicinal system is very useful since a long time for treatment of diabetes. It is necessary to emphasize plant based study because allopathic system has more side effects; however they are potent antidiabetic agents. Many of the herbs are available having antidiabetic activity and shows their action by different mechanism like stimulating or regenerating the effect on β cell or extra pancreatic effect for hypoglycemic activity. The 60% of the patient uses traditional system of medicine in India for treatment of diabetes. This article presents a review on some reported antidiabetic medicinal plants (with their botanical name, common name, constituent and mechanism of action for antidiabetic action) and plant based marketed herbal formulations.
Pre-packing cooling and types of packages in maintaining physiological quality of soybean seeds during storage 1

Seeds storing under appropriate conditions reduces the speed of the seeds deterioration process. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-packing cooling and types of packages in the maintenance of the physiological quality of soybean seeds during storage. The completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications, considering a factorial arrangement involving or not the pre-packing cooling of the seed mass, three types of packages (multi-layer paper bag, big bag, and polyethylene container), and five storing periods (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). The physiological quality was evaluated by the tests of first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, emergence speed index and emergence. The use of packages with larger amount of seeds (big bag and polyethylene container) did not favor the maintenance of the pre-packing cooling temperature. The types of packages did not show significant differences in the seeds viability during storage, up to eight months, regardless the pre-packing cooling. The cultivars seeds showed different tolerance to storing, i.e. seeds of the cultivar TMG 1176 had lower storing potential comparing to the seeds from the cultivar SYN 9074.
Child Home Injury Hazards: Observations from Palestine

Background: Unintentional injuries are a growing global public health problem that causes mortality, morbidity and disability among children. These injuries are most common among under-fives and form a significant burden on healthcare systems, particularly in low and middle income countries. Home environment is a key element in injury prevention that should be investigated. In Palestine there is a paucity of research in this area. Objective: To investigate potential safety hazards within homes and the mothers' interventions to reduce potential risks among their under-five years children in Ramallah district. Design: Qualitative, case study approach was used. Setting: This case study research investigated three types of residential setting (camp, rural and urban) in the Ramallah District of Palestine. Methods: Twelve mothers (four in each setting) were purposively selected to participate in this study through observing their home environments, and asking them for clarification around these observations. The derived data were analyzed using the content analysis.
Bayesian Filtering for Jump-Diffusions With Application to Stochastic Volatility

In this article, the problem of sequentially learning parameters governing discretely observed jump-diffusions is explored. The estimation framework involves the introduction of latent points between every pair of observations to allow a sufficiently accurate Euler–Maruyama approximation of the underlying (but unavailable) transition densities. Particle filtering algorithms are then implemented to sample the posterior distribution of the latent data and the model parameters online. The methodology is applied to the estimation of parameters governing a stochastic volatility (SV) model with jumps. As well as using S&P 500 Index data, a simulation study is provided. Supplemental materials for this article are available online.
Adoption of improved wheat varieties in Robe and DigeluTijo Districts of Arsi Zone in Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A double-hurdle approach

The study investigates the determinants of adoption of improved wheat varieties in Robe and Digelu-Tijo Districts in Oromia Region. The objective of this study was to determine factors that affect the adoption and intensity of use of improved wheat varieties production in Arsi zone with specific reference to Robe and DigeluTijo Districts. The study finds that the level of adoption of improved wheat varieties in Arsi Zone is very high; about 68% of the households grow improved wheat varieties. About 53% of the wheat area is planted to improved varieties, indicating a high intensity of adoption. To identify the determinants of adoption and level of adoption of improved wheat varieties, a Double-hurdle (D-H) model was employed. The results of the D-H model provided empirical evidence of a positive impact of household head sex, field day participation, access to all weather roads, and district in enhancing the adoption of improved wheat varieties. With regard to the intensity of use of improved wheat varieties, household head sex and access to all weather roads had a significantly negative impact on intensity of use of improved wheat varieties while access to credit, active family force, market distance and district had a positive impact on intensity of use of improved wheat varieties. The overall findings of the study emphasized household head sex, field day participation, access to all weather roads, access to credit, active family force, district and market distance as being key determinants on the intensity and adoption of use of improved wheat varieties. Hence, development intervention should give emphasis to these variables in order to increase the probability of adoption and intensity of use of improved wheat varieties. Key words: Improved wheat varieties, adoption, intensity, tobit model, double hurdle model.
Space-time coding for wireless communications: an overview

By exploiting diversity techniques, the information capacity of communications systems can be significantly increased. Research has recently been focused on a set of codes that introduce spatial and temporal correlation into signals transmitted from multiple antennas to provide diversity and coding gain at the receiver. Such codes are called space-time codes. The paper provides an overview of various space-time coding techniques, which include space-time trellis coding, space-time block coding, concatenated space-time coding, differential space-time coding, space-frequency coding and layered space-time codes. We present some of the latest research in these topics, in addition to presenting some design criteria and example codes.
Effectiveness of two botanical insecticide formulations to two major cabbage insect pests on field application

A field application of two botanical insecticide formulations was conducted on cabbage crops in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia to assess the effectiveness of these formulations in reducing two major cabbage insect pest populations. The efficacy of two botanical insecticide formulations, mixtures of Piper retrofractum (Piperaceae) and Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) (RS) extracts and Aglaia odorata (Meliaceae) and A. squamosa (OS) extracts at 0.05% and 0.1% was compared to a synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin at 0.04% and a microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis at 0.15%. The application of both RS and OS formulations decreased the population of Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and the treatments of RS and OS at 0.1% was more effective than synthetic insecticide. The application of RS and OS did not affect the performance of insect pest natural enemies.
New Brazilian Floristic List Highlights Conservation Challenges

A comprehensive new inventory of Brazilian plants and fungi was published just in time to meet a 2010 Convention on Biological Diversity target and offers important insights into this biodiversity's global significance. Brazil is the home to the world's richest flora (40,989 species; 18,932 endemic) and includes two of the hottest hotspots: Mata Atlântica (19,355 species) and Cerrado (12,669 species). Although the total number of known species is one-third lower than previous estimates, the absolute number of endemic vascular plant species is higher than was previously estimated, and the proportion of endemism (56%) is the highest in the Neotropics. This compilation serves not merely to quantify the scale of the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique flora but also serves as a key resource to direct action and monitor progress. Similar efforts by other megadiverse countries are urgently required if the 2020 targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation are to be attained.
First Report of Apical Necrosis in Walnut Cultivars from NorthernArgentinean Patagonia

Walnut blight caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis and apical necrosis are severe diseases that cause premature drop of walnuts all around the world. Evidence from previous studies proposes Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis together with Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. as causal agents of apical necrosis. While walnut blight is a well-known pathology in Argentina, apical necrosis has not been reported yet in this country. However, during 2013 and 2014 seasons, serious damages were registered in the nut producing region of Rio Negro Middle Valley in northern Argentinean Patagonia. Diseased fruits exhibited symptoms that matched those described for walnut blight and apical necrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of these pathologies and the microorganisms involved in their etiology. As a result, it was possible to identify morphologically and molecularly the bacteria isolated from damaged fruits, confirming their identity as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. Moreover, A. tenuissima was found in a high prevalence in damaged as well as in healthy fruits, whereas Fusarium spp. was isolated with a low frequency in both. When pathogenicity tests were performed, it was demonstrated the ability of the three microorganisms to produce typical lesions in healthy nuts. Thus, we can presume that both diseases occurred during this couple of years in this region. This is the first report of apical necrosis in Argentina
Investigating Coupon Effects on Household Interpurchase Behavior for Cheese

In this study, a market segmentation approach is developed and applied to analyze U.S. household cheese purchases. The segmentation is based on household interpurchase time or the hazard rate of purchases. The hazard rate for a household belonging to a given segment is a function of household demographic and marketing-mix variables, and its baseline is assumed to follow a Weibull distribution. The model is flexible and is able to yield increasing, decreasing, or constant hazard rate functions. Four segments have been discovered in the U.S. household cheese purchase market. Two of the segments contain about 40% of the cheese purchase households, which are frequent buyers with an average interpurchase time of 2 weeks. These frequent cheese purchase households are larger in size, with higher income, less proportion of African Americans, and are insensitive to coupons. They are often referenced in the marketing literatures as loyal customers. In contrast, the other two segments contain about 60% of the households, which are infrequent buyers with an average interpurchase time of 6 weeks. These infrequent cheese purchase households are smaller in size, with lower income, higher proportion of African Americans, and are sensitive coupons. The infrequent purchase households are usually the targets of marketing promotions.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Inactivated Oil-Emulsion Newcastle Disease Komarov Vaccine against Clinical Disease, Lesions and Immune Response, Following Challenge with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus in Laying Chickens

Since the first recognition of Newcastle disease (ND) in Nigeria, it has been observed to be enzootic despite the intensive vaccination policy, leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. This study evaluated the ability of inactivated oil-emulsion ND Komarov vaccine to protect laying chickens from challenge with a velogenic ND virus (VNDV). Two hundred and forty pullets were randomly divided into two groups of 120 each viz: vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. The vaccinated group was given ND vaccines. At peak production, 32-weeks of age, vaccinated and unvaccinated laying chickens were sub-divided into four groups of sixty birds each designated; Vaccinated and challenged (VAC); Vaccinated and unchallenged (VAU); Unvaccinated and challenged (UNC); and Unvaccinated and unchallenged (UNU). Groups VAC and UNC were each inoculated intramuscularly with 0.2ml of a VNDV with a median embryo infective dose (EID 50 ) of 10 6.46 per ml. Groups VAU and UNU were each inoculated with 0.2ml of phosphate buffered saline. Group VAC showed no clinical signs, no clear lesions grossly and mild histopathologic changes. Group UNC showed severe depression, anorexia, whitish-greenish diarrhoea, nervous signs and necrosis of the organs. All infected groups (VAC and UNC) showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) sero-conversion determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 10 days post-challenge. The inactivated oil-emulsion ND Komarov vaccine not only induced higher immunity, but also conferred long-lasting protection against morbidity, mortality, and severe organ damage in VAC group. This immunization procedure can be recommended for prevention of ND in laying chickens in an endemic environment. Key words: Newcastle disease, vaccine, laying chickens, immunity.
ADHESION TEST OF CARBON NANOTUBE FILM COATED ONTO TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING SUBSTRATES

We examined the adhesion of carbon nanotube films coated on transparent substrates. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersed with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (NaDDBS) in water were sprayed onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates to form thin films. Scotch™ tape was then used to detach some loosely bound SWCNTs. Conventional peel-off method to measure adhesion fails in carbon nanotube (CNT) film mainly due to ill-defined detached area of entangled CNTs. We propose here a new adhesion factor which is defined by using transmittance before and after detachment. The adhesion factor was strongly correlated to film thickness. We also found that the SWCNT adhesion to the substrate was strongly dependent on the surface roughness of the substrate due to mechanical interlocking effects.
Accountants’ Perceptions on the Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in Yemen

Developments in the global capital market have made the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) more significant than ever before. The purpose of this study is to examine the accountants’ perception of IFRSs adoption in Yemen. We also seek the accountants’ view on whether Yemen should adopt the IFRSs or not, and on the expected time taken to adopt the accounting standards. We also examine the difference in opinion between academicians and practitioners regarding the adoption of IFRSs. In this regard, this study carries out a survey of 48 Yemeni accounting postgraduate students in Malaysian public universities. We find that a majority of the respondents acknowledge the benefits of adopting IFRSs in Yemeni companies. Moreover, a majority of the respondents (82.9%) agree that Yemeni companies should adopt IFRSs. About 58.6% of respondents expect the period of IFRSs adoption in Yemen to be within three to 10 years, while 41.5% expect it to be more than 10 years. The results of this study may help policy-makers and the Yemeni Association of Certified Public Accountants make more precise decisions regarding IFRSs adoption in Yemen.
Antimicrobial activity of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) paste

Earthworm plays a major role in the proper functioning of the soil ecosystem. It acts as scavenger and helps in recycling of dead and decayed plant material by feeding on them. Earthworm increases the soil fertility and is often referred to as a farmer’s friend. Earthworms have been used in medicine for various remedies. The paste prepared from earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae was tested for antibacterial, antifungal activities. For the antimicrobial screening, four species of bacterial isolate and two species of fungal isolates were selected. The bacterial cultures were used for antimicrobial testing maintained on nutrient agar slant and the fungal strains were maintained on Sabouraud dextrose agar slant at 4°C. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using micro dilution broth method. Earthworm paste at a dose of 100 μl was able to inhibit the growth of bacteria of S. aureus at a maximum level as compared to other bacteria; the growth of fungal Candida albicans was much inhibited. The MIC results indicated that earthworm paste at a dose of 200 μl inhibited the bacterial growth. These studies may lead to the formulation of new antimicrobial drug. The antimicrobial activity of the paste was determined by an agar diffusion method using well and disc, the study clearly indicates that the paste contain a good antibacterial potential and the bioactive compounds to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. Hence earthworm paste (EP) has a good potential to develop a new drug. Key words : Eudrilus eugeniae, antimicrobial activity, fungal and bacteria strains.
A Typology of Undergraduate Students' Conceptions of Size and Scale: Identifying and Characterizing Conceptual Variation.

The importance of ''size and scale'' in nanoscience and engineering has been recognized by both scientists and science educators. A solid understanding of this concept is key to the learning of nanoscience. Students, however, have been reported to have considerable difficulty grasping this concept; yet little is known regarding their state of understanding. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a series of studies that were aimed at exploring the different ways students conceive of ''size and scale'' in the context of undergraduate nanoscience and engineering courses. Informed by Variation Theory of Learning (Marton and Booth, 1997), we identified four major categories (with two sub-categories within each) of student conception—fragmented, linear, proportional, and logarithmic. These conception categories, together with the aspects of variation that characterize and distinguish them, are summarized in a typology. In addition to serving as a diagnostic tool to describe students' understanding, this typology can also be used to guide the development of instructional interventions that facilitate students to move toward a more sophisticated understanding of ''size and scale. '' 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 512-533, 2011
Does Self-Employment Reduce Unemployment?

This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between self-employment and unemployment rates. On the one hand, high unemployment rates may lead to start-up activity of self-employed individuals (the “refugee” effect). On the other hand, higher rates of self-employment may indicate increased entrepreneurial activity reducing unemployment in subsequent periods (the “entrepreneurial” effect). This paper introduces a new two-equation vector autoregression model capable of reconciling these ambiguities and estimates it for data from 23 OECD countries between 1974 and 2002. The empirical results confirm the existence of two distinct relationships between unemployment and self-employment: the “refugee” and “entrepreneurial” effects. We also find that the “entrepreneurial” effects are considerably stronger than the “refugee” effects.
The Papy-Boom: A Historical Opportunity for French Public Hospitals

The French public hospital system represents a major element in overall social security expenditure and ongoing reforms are having a significant impact on its financial equilibrium and the internal management of its activities. Nonetheless, the system has been unable to achieve the productivity objectives imposed on it. Significantly, staffing costs account for three quarters of its expenditure, yet most employees are civil servants who cannot be laid off easily. The only possibility for meaningful change in the size of its workforce may lie in the demographic revolution now affecting the French population, which will see half the present staff of public hospitals reaching retirement age within the next decade.
Efficacy of some novel insecticides against white fly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) in brinjal

An investigation was carried out to study the insecticidal management of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) in brinjal during Kharif 2015 at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut. Efficacy of different newer insecticides viz., thiamethoxam 25 WG, imidacloprid 17.8 SL, acephate 20 SP, fipronil 5 SC, thiacloprid 240 SC and one conventional insecticide i.e. dimethoate 30 EC were evaluated against Bemisia tabaci revealed that thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 100g/ha was found most effective insecticide in reducing the population of whitefly followed by imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 100 ml/ha. Dimethoate 30 EC @ 500 ml/ha was recorded less effective to reduce the white fly population. The highest fruit yield (127.05 q/ha) was obtained from thiamethoxam whereas higher cost benefit ratio (1:12.90) was obtained from treatment imidacloprid. The next highest fruit yield (126.14 q/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1:12.62) were obtained from imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, respectively. The lowest yield (117.43 q/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1:5.50) were obtained from the treatment dimethoate and thiacloprid, respectively.