Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tunable synthesis of indium oxide octahedra, nanowires and tubular nanoarrow structures under oxidizing and reducing ambients

We report the effect of oxidizing and reducing ambients on the growth of indium oxide (IO) nanostructures in the vapor phase evaporation method. Our results show that the oxidizing reagent, water, results in the growth of IO nanowires and preserves the In/O stoichiometry throughout the length of the nanowires. The reducing reagent, ethanol, makes the growth environment indium rich, resulting in the growth of indium-filled IO tubular nanoarrow structures. The growth of solid IO nanowires is attributed to a vapor–liquid–solid mechanism, whereas for indium-filled tubular nanoarrow structures a modified bottom-vapor–solid growth mechanism is proposed. The tunable synthesis of IO nanostructures in different morphologies with correction of their stoichiometry may have potential applications in future nanodevices.
Metcalfe''s Law and legacy

The world of networks breaks into two polar paradigms. Most familiar is the Public Switched Telephone Network. From the tiniest transistor ipop on a modem chip through labyrinthine layers of rising complexity on up to a 4ESS supercomputer switch linking 107,520 telephone trunk lines (itself consisting of millions of interconnected transistors), the public network is a vast, deterministic web of wires and switches. Once you are connected in the public network, your message is guaranteed to get through.
Assessing sleep quality using self‐report and actigraphy in PTSD

Sleep disturbance is commonly reported by participants with post‐traumatic stress disorder, but objective evidence of poor sleep is often absent. Here we compared self‐report and actigraphic evaluations of sleep between veterans with post‐traumatic stress disorder and controls. Participants reported their sleep retrospectively for the month before the recording night and on the recording night. On the recording night, they wore an Actiwatch‐64 and were instructed to press the marker button upon getting into bed, each time they awoke, and at their final awakening. The post‐traumatic stress disorder group reported much worse sleep than controls on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for the previous month and somewhat poorer sleep on the recording night. However, on the recording night, neither diary nor actigraphic measures of number of awakenings, total time in bed, nor time lying awake after sleep onset differed between participants with and without post‐traumatic stress disorder. Diary‐reported number of awakenings was fewer than actigraphically captured awakenings. These results suggest a memory bias towards remembering worse sleep on the nights before the recording night.
A fuzzy modeling and solution algorithm for optimization on E-waste reverse logistics

At present, E-waste has become a considerable problem in China. Based on the multi-objective programming theory, this paper develops a fuzzy mathematic model for the location of treatment sites and transfer sites for e-wastes. Firstly, it proposes a two-phase fuzzy algorithm. Secondly, through solving the model, it conducts an analysis on the locations and numbers of these sites and how to assign the generation sites to transfer sites. Therefore, a reverse network for e-waste is constructed. Finally, it takes Dalian economic-technological develop area in Dalian city in China as a case to prove the availability of the fuzzy model.
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of purified hypothalamic extracts on growth hormone release from rat pituitary in vitro.

Male rat anterior pituitaries were incubated in vitro for 5 hr in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium and the growth hormone (GH) released from the glands was estimated by the tibial epiphyseal cartilage assay. Addition of crude sheep or rat hypothalamic extract to the pituitaries increased the GH concentration in the medium on comparison to either diluent or cortical extract-treated controls. The ovine extracts also depleted pituitary GH concentration when injected into male rats in vivo. Gel filtration of either sheep or rat hypothalamic extract on a column of Sephadex G-25 resulted in the elution from the column of 2 zones which influenced the release of GH in vitro on addition to the incubated pituitaries. The first zone of activity to be eluted increased the release of GH from the glands severalfold, whereas the second zone inhibited the release of GH to levels about one half of that released by control glands incubated in the presence of the eluting buffer. Increasing the dose in the inhibitory zone res.
Perception versus reality: The portfolio allocations of UK property companies

The property portfolio allocation of property companies could be determined through a risk and return analysis of each sector considering an acceptable level of risk. This study applied a constrained multiple regression model to the examination of property portfolio exposure. An asset class factor model namely return-based style analysis (RBSA) was developed by Sharpe (1988, 1992) to measure the exposures of each component of a mutual fund’s portfolio to movements in their returns. Total returns from ten public-listed property companies (PLPCs), based on their share price movements, were used to estimate the style exposures of three commercial property types - retail, office and industrial. The data used for share price movements are from the first quarter of 1987 to the fourth quarter of 1998. The study examined the relationship of the return for three commercial property types to each portfolio of PLPC. The effective portfolio allocations that are derived by RBSA are then compared with the actual average portfolio allocation of the property companies. RBSA is seen to be a particularly effective tool in the explanation of the returns of PLPCs pursuing growth or income strategies. This study also found that other aspects of portfolio allocation determinants such as gearing, the features of the property portfolio and the property market cycle were worthy of consideration.
MARRIAGE, PARENTING, AND CHILD SELF-CONTROL

Associations between marital intimacy and child self-control, as indexed by compliance, frustration tolerance, and fewer externalizing behaviors were investigated in 176 families taken from a subsample of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care when the children were 36 months old. Maternal and paternal sensitivity were examined as potential mediators of the proposed relationships between marital intimacy and child self-control. Parent gender differences in the association between marital intimacy and maternal and/or paternal sensitivity were also explored. Mothers' and fathers' reports of marital intimacy were obtained at 1, 6, 15, 24, and 36 months old. A composite score was created for each parent by averaging all available ratings. Child self-control outcomes at 36 months were assessed using both observational and maternal report measures. Finally, parental sensitivity was observed during mother-child and father-child semi-structured play interactions at 36 months. Associations were examined after controlling for maternal and paternal education, child gender, and parent personality. Results indicated that fathers' ratings of marital intimacy were not related to any of the child self-control variables, nor were mothers' ratings after controlling for parent personality. Maternal sensitivity was negatively correlated with two of the three child self-control outcomes: active time engaged with the forbidden toy (frustration tolerance) and child externalizing behavior. Paternal sensitivity, however, was unrelated to the child self-control measures. Proposed mediational hypotheses could not be tested due to the lack of significant associations between marital intimacy and child self-control and marital intimacy and parental sensitivity. Implications of these findings for understanding the relationships between marital intimacy, parental sensitivity, and child self-control are discussed.
Rapid method for the quantitative determination of serum alkaline phosphatase.

A new procedure is described for the simple, rapid, quantitative measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase. The procedure is based on the direct photometric measurement of phenolphthalein released from sodium phenolphthalein phosphate. The substrate is available in a convenient, stabilized form as a tablet containing buffer and substrate in optimum amounts for a single analysis. As many as 30 analyses can be performed in an hour.
National trends in the antipsychotic treatment of psychiatric outpatients with anxiety disorders.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to examine patterns and recent trends in the antipsychotic medication treatment of anxiety disorders among visits to office-based psychiatrists in the United States. METHOD Annual data from the 1996-2007 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were analyzed to examine the patterns and trends in antipsychotic medication treatment within a nationally representative sample of 4,166 visits to office-based psychiatrists in which an anxiety disorder was diagnosed. RESULTS Across the 12-year period, antipsychotic prescriptions in visits for anxiety disorders increased from 10.6% (1996-1999) to 21.3% (2004-2007). Over the study period, the largest increase in antipsychotic prescribing occurred among new patient visits. Antipsychotic prescribing also significantly increased among privately insured visits and visits in which neither antidepressants nor sedative/hypnotics were prescribed. Among the common anxiety disorder diagnoses, the largest increase in antipsychotic medication treatment was observed in visits for panic disorder. Antipsychotic prescribing rose from 6.9% (1996-1999) to 14.5% (2004-2007) among visits for anxiety disorders in which there were no co-occurring diagnoses with an indication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for antipsychotic medications. CONCLUSIONS Although little is known about their effectiveness for anxiety disorders, antipsychotic medications are becoming increasingly prescribed to psychiatric outpatients with these disorders.
Shadow Trading

We investigate whether corporate insiders attempt to circumvent insider trading restrictions by using their private information to facilitate trading in economically linked firms, a phenomenon we call “shadow trading. ” Using measures of informed trading to proxy for shadow trading, we find increased levels of informed trading among business partners and competitors before a firm releases private information. To rule out alternative explanations, we examine two shocks to insiders' incentives to engage in shadow trading: high-profile regulatory enforcement against conventional insider trading, and staggered changes to their outside employment opportunities. Finally, we document attenuated levels of informed trading among business partners and competitors when firms prohibit shadow trading. Overall, we provide evidence that shadow trading is an undocumented and widespread mechanism that insiders use to avoid regulatory scrutiny. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: D4; G14; K22.
An Examination of the Influence of Top Executives on Entrepreneurial Orientation

Firms that are more entrepreneurially oriented perform better than those that are not. The strong positive relationship of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) to firm performance has fueled increasing interest in EO within the strategic management and entrepreneurship fields. Studies have examined the EO-to-firm performance relationship in various contexts and with numerous moderators. However, there has been limited study of the antecedents of EO. A vital question and the area of study that is beginning to gain increased interest is how do firms foster and grow an entrepreneurial orientation? This study adds to the discussion by employing the upper echelons theory in consideration of how the top management team’s demographic characteristics are related to the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation. The upper echelons theory asks the question do top managers matter in relation to performance and strategic decisions? This study finds that top managers do matter when it comes to strategic orientations, such as EO. A positive relationship between the demographic characteristics and EO is found. This study also finds that managerial discretion moderates the relationship of the educational
Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective

A hallmark of the new economy is the ability of organizations to realize economic value from their collection of knowledge assets as well as their assets of information, production distribution, and affiliation. Despite the competitive necessity of becoming a knowledge-based organization, senior managers have found it difficult to transform their firms through programs of knowledge management. This is particularly true if their organizations have long histories of process and a tradition of business success. This research examines the issue of effective knowledge management from the perspective of organizational capabilities. This perspective suggests that a knowledge infrastructure consisting of technology, structure, and culture along with a knowledge process architecture of acquisition, conversion, application, and protection are essential organizational capabilities or "preconditions" for effective knowledge management. Through analysis of surveys collected from over 300 senior executives, this research empirically models and uncovers key aspects of these dimensions. The results provide a basis for understanding the competitive predisposition of a firm as it enters a program of knowledge management.
In search of Experimental Evidence for Secondary Antisemitism

In 1955, Adorno attributed antisemitic sentiments voiced by Germans to a paradox projection: The only latently experienced feelings of guilt were warded off by antisemitic defense mecha- nisms. Similar predictions of increases in antisemitic prejudice in response to increased Holo- caust salience follow from other theoretical apparatuses (e.g., social identity theory as well as just-world theory). Based on the – to the best of our knowledge – only experimental evidence for such an effect (published in Psychological Science in 2009), the present research reports a series of studies originally conducted to better understand the contribution of the different assumed mechanisms. In light of a failure to replicate the basic effect, however, the studies shifted to an effort to demonstrate the basic process. We report all studies our lab has con- ducted on the issue. Overall, the data did not provide any evidence for the original effect. In addition to the obvious possibility of an original false positive, we speculate what might be responsible for this conceptual replication failure.
Intraspecific variation in the direction and degree of sex‐biased dispersal among sea‐snake populations

Higher rates of dispersal in one sex than the other are widespread, and often attributed to the genetic advantages of reduced inbreeding. The direction of sex‐biased dispersal shows strong phylogenetic conservatism (e.g. males disperse more than females in most mammals, but the reverse is true in most birds). By contrast, our genetic data reveal strong inter‐population variation in the relative dispersal rates of two species of sea snakes (Laticauda saintgironsi and L. laticaudata) in the Noumea Lagoon of New Caledonia. Assignment methods using microsatellite data identified parallel variation in sex‐specific dispersal in both species: dispersal was female‐biased in the north‐west of the sampling area (in islands far from the main island), but male‐biased in the south‐east (in islands closer to the main island). This flexibility may reflect sex differences in diets, with spatial variation in sex‐specific resources generating spatial variation in sex‐specific dispersal distances.
Awareness of Dying

Should patients be told they are dying? How do families react when one of their members is facing death? Who should reveal that death is imminent? How does hospital staff--doctors, nurses, and attendants--act toward the dying patient and his family? Death, as a social ritual, is one of the great turning points in human existence, but prior to this classic work, it had been subjected to little scientific study. American perspectives on death seem strangely paradoxical--the brutal fact of death is confronted daily in our newspapers yet Americans are unwilling to talk openly about the process of dying itself. Awareness of Dying, using a highly original theory of awareness, examines the dying patient and those about him in social interaction, it gives us a language and tools of analysis for understanding who knows what about dying, under what circumstances, and what difference it makes. The authors use their finely detailed observations to develop theoretical constructs that will be of use in many other interactions and situations. Awareness of Dying was the first study of dying in hospitals, and has proven a useful handbook for chaplains, social workers, nurses, and doctors in confronting the many ethical and personal problems that arise in the dying situation. Now available in paperback, it is destined to reach new audiences interested in this key part of all life.
Nonparametric Identification and Semiparametric Estimation of Classical Measurement Error Models Without Side Information

Virtually all methods aimed at correcting for covariate measurement error in regressions rely on some form of additional information (e.g., validation data, known error distributions, repeated measurements, or instruments). In contrast, we establish that the fully nonparametric classical errors-in-variables model is identifiable from data on the regressor and the dependent variable alone, unless the model takes a very specific parametric form. This parametric family includes (but is not limited to) the linear specification with normally distributed variables as a well-known special case. This result relies on standard primitive regularity conditions taking the form of smoothness constraints and nonvanishing characteristic functions’ assumptions. Our approach can handle both monotone and nonmonotone specifications, provided the latter oscillate a finite number of times. Given that the very specific unidentified parametric functional form is arguably the exception rather than the rule, this identification result should have a wide applicability. It leads to a new perspective on handling measurement error in nonlinear and nonparametric models, opening the way to a novel and practical approach to correct for measurement error in datasets where it was previously considered impossible (due to the lack of additional information regarding the measurement error). We suggest an estimator based on non/semiparametric maximum likelihood, derive its asymptotic properties, and illustrate the effectiveness of the method with a simulation study and an application to the relationship between firm investment behavior and market value, the latter being notoriously mismeasured. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Is calibration the cause of variation in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry testosterone measurement?

Background Testosterone measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is well accepted as the preferred technique for the analysis of testosterone. Variation is seen between assays and this may be due to differences in calibration as commercial calibrators for this assay are not readily available. We investigated the effects calibration in routine clinical LC-MS/MS assays. Methods All LC-MS/MS users that were registered with the UKNEQAS external quality assurance scheme for testosterone were invited to take part in the study. A set of seven serum samples and serum-based calibrators were sent to all laboratories that expressed an interest. The laboratories were instructed to analyse all samples using there own calibrators and return the results and a method questionnaire for analysis. Results Fifteen laboratories took part in the study. There was no consensus on supplier of testosterone or matrix for the preparation of calibrators and all were prepared in-house. Also, a wide variety of mass spectrometers, internal standards, chromatography conditions and sample extractions were used. The variation in results did not improve when the results were corrected with a common calibrator. Conclusions The variation in results obtained could not be attributed to variations in calibrators. The differences in methodologies between laboratories must be the reason for this variation.
Information Systems Outsourcing: Enduring Themes, New Perspectives and Global Challenges

Part I: Overview. - Part II: Determinants of the IS Outsourcing Decision. - Part III: Outsourcing Relationship Issues. - Part IV: Experiences and Outcome of IS Outsourcing. - Part V: Vendor View and Individual Level Perspective. - Part VI: Application Service Providing and Business Process Outsourcing. - VII: Offshoring and Global-Outsourcing.
[Cardiac arrest during anesthesia at a tertiary teaching hospital: prospective survey from 1996 to 2002.].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cardiac arrest (CA) incidence and causes during anesthesia are variable and difficult to be compared due design variations of major studies. This survey aimed at evaluating all intra and postoperative CA from 1996 to 2002 at a tertiary teaching hospital to determine CA incidence and causes. METHODS The prospective incidence of CA during 40,941 anesthesias was identified from a database. All CA and deaths were reviewed by a Committee in order to determine triggering factors. CA cases were studied as to age, gender, ASA physical status, type of treatment, triggering factors, such as changes in patients physical status and surgical and anesthetic complications, type of anesthesia and evolution to death. RESULTS There were 138 CA (33.7:10,000), being most of them neonates, children aged less than 1 year, elderly people, males (65.2%), physical status ASA III or poorer, in emergency surgeries and during general anesthesia. Physical status changes were the major CA factor (23.9:10,000) followed by surgical complications alone (4.64:10,000) or associated to physical status changes (2.44:10,000) and anesthetic complications alone (1.71:10,000) or associated to physical status changes (0.98:10,000). The risk of anesthesia-related death as major or contributing factor was similar for both (0.49:10,000). Major anesthesia-related death causes were ventilatory problems (45.4%), drug-related events (27.3%), pulmonary aspiration (18.2%) and fluid overload (9.1%). CONCLUSIONS CA incidence during anesthesia is still high. Most anesthesia-related cardiac arrests and deaths were related to airway management and drug and anesthetic administration.