Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Willingness of Older Adults to Evacuate in the Event of a Disaster

The issue of rising number of disasters, the overwhelming increase in number of older adults, and historically flawed evacuations presents real challenges. Disasters can strike anywhere, any time, and have devastating consequences. Since 1900, the number of Americans 65 and older has increased 12 times (from 3.1 million to 36.3 million). During the next two decades, the number of American baby boomers, now aged 45-64, who turn 65, will increase by 40%. As evidenced by recent disasters, the imperfections and vulnerabilities of flawed evacuations for older adults are still present. This study examined the level of willingness to evacuate among older adults in the event of a disaster. Despite the extensive literature on disasters and evacuation, some significant questions regarding evacuation and older adults have not been addressed. This study addressed the following concerns: (1) What is the willingness among older adults to evacuate when asked to do so by emergency management officials? (2) Does the call to evacuate being mandatory versus voluntary influence the willingness of seniors to evacuate? (3) Do preconditions (Gender, Marital Status, Age, Ethnic Origin, and Education Levels) influence the willingness to evacuate among older adults? The sample population consisted of 765 voluntary participants aged 60 years and older from thirty senior/community centers within seven counties in the State of Oklahoma. A group administered survey (The Disaster Evacuation Survey) included a total of 15 questions. This study revealed the following findings: older adults are more likely to comply with a mandatory evacuation order. Individuals with college degrees are more likely to comply with mandatory evacuations. African Americans are more likely to comply with a voluntary request. American Indian/Alaskan Native are more likely to comply with mandatory evacuation orders from emergency officials. Important practical implications for emergency officials responding to vulnerable older adults in disaster situations are also provided.
Detection of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium in France.

OBJECTIVES Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted organism associated with non-gonococcal urethritis in men and several inflammatory reproductive tract syndromes in women. Resistance to macrolides has been recently associated with point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. The aim of this study was to detect these mutations using a large French collection of M. genitalium-positive specimens. We evaluated whether these mutations were related to azithromycin treatment failure and whether macrolide-resistant M. genitalium may be spreading. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study conducted in France between 2003 and 2010 included 156 urogenital clinical specimens from 136 patients that were positive for M. genitalium. Mutations in domain V of M. genitalium 23S rRNA were detected using amplification and sequencing. The mutated strains were genotyped by studying single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mgpB gene. RESULTS We have detected macrolide resistance-associated mutations in M. genitalium since 2006 at a rate of 13.2%, ranging from 10% to 15.4% of patients per year. Nine mutations at position 2059 as well as two A2058G substitutions, one A2062T substitution and one C2038T substitution (Escherichia coli numbering) were identified in M. genitalium. These patients had treatment failure with azithromycin in 75% (6/8) of cases. For one patient, genotyping showed selection for the mutation during treatment with azithromycin. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we describe macrolide resistance for M. genitalium in France and demonstrate that its detection has increased since 2006. Epidemiological surveillance of M. genitalium is necessary to adapt treatments to M. genitalium infections.
Adult‐onset neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease is not rare in older adults

Neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease (NIHID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder pathologically characterized by localized neuronal loss, and the presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in neurons and glial cells. NIHID is a heterogeneous disease entity. It is divided into three clinical subgroups: infantile, juvenile and adult forms. Recently, reports of adult‐onset cases have increased. Typical adult‐onset NIHID consists of cognitive dysfunction with leukoencephalopathy. This type of adult‐onset NIHID can be predicted by characteristic magnetic resonance images, high intensity areas on T2‐weighted/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery images and persistent high intensity at the corticomedullary junction in diffusion‐weighted images. When clinically suspected, the ante‐mortem diagnosis can be made by biopsy. In adult‐onset NIHID, nuclear inclusions are found more frequently in glial cells, and moderate to severe white matter degeneration is often associated. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms of NIHID are largely unknown, abnormal intranuclear accumulations of proteins and/or dysfunction of protein degradation systems might be related to the pathogenesis. To further clarify the characteristics of this disease entity, biological and pathological analysis of the patients is indispensable. As this disease entity becomes better known, diagnosed cases are expected to increase. Adult‐onset NIHID might not be as extremely rare as previously thought. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16 (Suppl. 1): 51–56.
Predictors of in‐hospital mortality in octogenarian patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention after ST segment elevated myocardial infarction

Octogenarian patients have higher mortality and morbidity rates after acute coronary syndromes. Risk factors for in‐hospital mortality in the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) era were underrepresented in previous studies. In the present study, we aimed to assess the risk factors of in‐hospital mortality after primary PCI in this population.
Met-enkephalin-like peptides and ghrelin mitigate negative effects of bariatric surgery in rats

Endogenous opioid peptides and ghrelin are synthesized in the gastro-intestinal tract and modulate its functions in human and animals in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Opioids, mainly Met-enkephalin, and ghrelin are involved into regulation of appetite, gastric emptying, intestinal motility and intestinal juices secretion. Obesity is a metabolic disorder of energy homeostasis caused by the overdose of energy contained in food in relation to the needs of the organism. Bariatric surgery is often considered as a method of obesity treatment being more effective with a long-term. However, it seems probable that surgery markedly affects the interaction between these two endogenous peptides and their receptors. Thus the aim of the study was to compare the effect of two methods of bariatric surgery on the concentrations of Met-enkephalin and ghrelin in the stomach and other regions of the gastro-intestinal tract in rats. Experimentation was undertaken using 24 male Wistar rats divided into control and two experimental groups undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (GR) or gastric plication (GP). Three weeks after surgery blood and fragments of stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ascending colon were collected. Plasma glucose and triglycerides were signifi cantly changed after the bariatric surgery. Both bariatric procedures signifi cantly but differentially changed the Met-enkephalin and ghrelin concentrations in the most of tested tissues. The obtained results clearly showed involvement of Met-enkephalin and ghrelin in the regulation of post-bariatric metabolic processes.
Emergence of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and the novel carbapenemases OXA-244 and OXA-245 in Spain.

OBJECTIVES To describe the molecular and population-level characterization of a selected group of OXA-48-like-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected in Spain between January 2011 and May 2012. METHODS During the study period, 151 OXA-48-like-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from 10 hospitals in six different Spanish regions. From these, a representative sample of 21 isolates that caused hospital outbreaks and single infections was selected for further in-depth analysis. Molecular epidemiology was investigated using PFGE and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Resistance genes were characterized by PCR and sequencing. Plasmids carrying bla(OXA-48-like) were studied by PFGE with S1 nuclease digestion. RESULTS All 21 isolates had ertapenem MICs ≥ 1 mg/L, but 47.6% remained susceptible to imipenem and meropenem; bla(OXA-48) was identified in 19 isolates (90.5%) and the novel bla(OXA-244) and bla(OXA-245) genes were detected in 1 isolate each. With one exception, all isolates that contained bla(OXA-48-like) also contained bla(CTX-M-15). PFGE typing revealed six clusters comprising isolates that belonged to MLST types ST11, ST16, ST392, ST405, ST437 and ST663, respectively. Two main clusters were identified: PFGE cluster 1 (12 isolates, belonging either to ST405 or ST663, from seven hospitals), and PFGE cluster 2 (4 ST16 isolates from two hospitals). Six of seven donor isolates conjugated successfully; bla(OXA-48-like) (but not bla(CTX-M-15)) was carried on ≈ 60 kb Inc L/M plasmids. CONCLUSIONS Multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae producing OXA-48-like carbapenemase are emerging as important pathogens in Spain due to intra- and inter-hospital, clonal and non-clonal dissemination.
Perception of the death and dying of the nursing students. A qualitative study.

This objective article to understand the meaning of the death and dying in the daily one of the nursing academics. Study qualitative, carried through in the dependences of a situated state university in the city of the Salvador/Ba, the period of February-May/2006. It was used half-structuralized interview as technique for collection of data. The corpus was composed for ten students of the course of nursing of varied semesters. The data had been analyzed on the basis of the categorical analysis of contents and emerged three categories: Coming close itself to the death in the process to take care of; Fear of the death and needing preparation to deal with the death. One concluded that the nursing academics are unprepared to deal with its emotions and feelings, as well as of its customers in whom he refers to the death process and dying.
Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Turkish adult population epidemiology of sleep study

Sleep disorders constitute an important public health problem. Prevalence of sleep disorders in Turkish adult population was investigated in a nationwide representative sample of 5021 Turkish adults (2598 women and 2423 men, response rate: 91%) by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Insomnia was defined by the DSM-IV criteria, habitual snoring and risk for sleep-related breathing disorders (SDB) by the Berlin questionnaire, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) by the Epworth sleepiness scale score, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) by the complaints according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria. Mean age of the participants was 40.7 ± 15.1 (range 18 to 90) years. Prevalence rates (men/women) were insomnia 15.3% (10.5%/20.2%; P < 0.001), high probability of SDB 13.7% (11.1%/20.2%; P < 0.001), EDS 5.4% (5.0%/5.7%; P: 0.09), RLS 5.2% (3.0%/7.3%; P < 0.001). Aging and female gender were associated with higher prevalence of sleep disorders except for habitual snoring. Prevalence rates of the sleep disorders among Turkish adults based on the widely used questionnaires were close to the lower end of the previous estimates reported from different parts of the world. These findings would help for the assessment of the health burden of sleep disorders and addressing the risk groups for planning and implementation of health care.
Effect of Matricaria chamomilla Hydroalcoholic Extract on Cisplatin-induced Neuropathy in Mice

Abstract Aim Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a mainstay for the treatment of solid tumors, especially colorectal, ovarian, testicular, bladder, and lung cancer. Studies have shown that cisplatin could have painful effects on human and animal models. Matricaria chamomilla (MC) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MC hydroalcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and to compare with morphine in mice. Methods Experiments were performed on 60 NMRI male mice weighed 25 g to 30 g which have been divided into 6 groups. The first group received normal saline; the second group received MC hydroalcoholic extract; the third group received cisplatin; the fourth group received MC hydroalcoholic extract and cisplatin, 96 hours before formalin test; the fifth group received morphine and the sixth group received cisplatin and morphine. The time of injected hind paw biting and licking time were measured in 5-minute interval for an hour. Results Results showed that formalin induced significant (P Conclusion MC and cisplatin have analgesic and painful neuropathic respective effects, and MC hydroalcoholic extract is able to decrease cisplatin-induced pain and inflammation better than morphine.
Outcomes in childhood and adulthood by mother's age at birth: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study

AND NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY This paper uses data from the British 1970 Cohort Study (BCS70) to investigate the associations between the age of the mother at the birth of the cohort member (1970) and a range of outcomes at birth and ages 5, 10 and 30. The results show consistent associations through childhood and early adulthood that generally reflect poorer outcomes the younger the mother. Specifically, cohort members (CMs) born to younger mothers were more likely to be born preterm or with low birthweight. At age 5 those CMs born to younger mothers scored significantly lower on a standardised EPVT, higher on the Rutter Child Scale and were shorter in height. At age 10, the CMs born to younger mothers were more likely not to have a father figure in the home, higher residential mobility, and poorer quality housing. The CMs themselves were more likely to have been in care and were still significantly shorter in height. Also at age 10, the CMs teachers were more likely to rate them as below average on general knowledge, less popular with their peers, less co-operative and less able to concentrate. In adulthood both men and women CMs born to younger mothers were more likely to have had a child themselves before the age of 20 and less likely to achieve A-levels or equivalent. The analyses reported in this paper are part of a larger programme of work for the Department of Health examining the medium and long-term consequences of early
Molecular and phenotypic evidence for the spread of three major methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones associated with two characteristic antimicrobial resistance profiles in China.

OBJECTIVES The distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones is dynamic and geographically unique. To understand the changing epidemiology of MRSA infections in China, we performed a prospective, multicity surveillance study with molecular typing and phenotypic analysis to determine the association of major prevalent clones with their antimicrobial resistance profiles. METHODS A total of 517 S. aureus isolates collected between January 2009 and March 2012 from six cities in China were subjected to antibiogram analysis and molecular typing, including staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, multilocus sequence typing, staphylococcal protein A gene typing and PFGE typing. RESULTS Among the isolates collected, 309 were characterized as MRSA, with a prevalence of 59.8%. Three major clones were found to be prevalent in China: ST239-MRSA-III-t030, ST239-MRSA-III-t037 and ST5-MRSA-II-t002. These three clones were associated with two characteristic resistance profiles, namely, gentamicin/ciprofloxacin/rifampicin/levofloxacin for the first clone and gentamicin/ciprofloxacin/clindamycin/erythromycin/tetracycline/levofloxacin/trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for the latter two. Several geographically unique minor clones were also identified. CONCLUSIONS The predominant MRSA clones in China were associated with characteristic antimicrobial resistance profiles. Antibiotics for treating patients with MRSA infections can be selected based on the strain typing data.
Obtaining Soluble Folded Proteins from Inclusion Bodies Using Sarkosyl, Triton X‐100, and CHAPS: Application to LB and M9 Minimal Media

This unit describes a straightforward and efficient method of using sarkosyl to solubilize and recover difficult recombinant proteins, such as GST‐ and His6‐tagged fusion proteins, that are overexpressed in E. coli. This protocol is especially useful for rescuing recombinant proteins overexpressed in M9 minimal medium. Sarkosyl added to lysis buffers helps with both protein solubility and cell lysis. Higher percentage sarkosyl (up to 10%) can extract >95% of soluble protein from inclusion bodies. In the case of sarkosyl‐solubilized GST‐fusion proteins, batch‐mode affinity purification requires addition of a specific ratio of Triton X‐100 and CHAPS, while sarkosyl‐solubilized His6‐tagged fusion proteins can be directly purified on Ni2+ resin columns. Proteins purified by this method could be widely used in biological assays, structure analysis and mass spectrum assay. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Clinical frailty is independently associated with non‐prescription of anticoagulants in older patients with atrial fibrillation

Anticoagulants are underused in older patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Scoring systems, such as CHA2DS2‐VASc and HAS‐BLED, are recommended to guide clinicians in anticoagulation decisions, but patients’ frailty might be an underrecognized factor. We investigated the association between the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and community anticoagulant prescribing habits in patients aged ≥75 years with AF admitted acutely to hospital.
A novel cell-based high-throughput screen for inhibitors of HIV-1 gene expression and budding identifies the cardiac glycosides.

OBJECTIVES Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the mainstay of treatment for HIV-1 infection. While current HAART regimens have been extremely effective, issues of associated toxicity, cost and resistance remain and there is a need for novel antiretroviral compounds to complement the existing therapy. We sought to develop a novel high-throughput method for identifying compounds that block later steps in the life cycle not targeted by current therapy. METHODS We designed a high-throughput screen to identify inhibitors of post-integration steps in the HIV-1 life cycle. The screening method was applied to a library of compounds that included numerous FDA-approved small molecules. RESULTS Among the small molecules that inhibited late stages in HIV-1 replication were members of the cardiac glycoside family. We demonstrate that cardiac glycosides potently inhibit HIV-1 gene expression, thereby reducing the production of infectious HIV-1. We demonstrate that this inhibition is dependent upon the human Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, but independent of cardiac glycoside-induced increases in intracellular Ca(2+). CONCLUSIONS We have validated a novel high-throughput screen to identify small molecule inhibitors of HIV-1 gene expression, virion assembly and budding. Using this screen, we have demonstrated that a number of FDA-approved compounds developed for other purposes potently inhibit HIV-1 replication, including the cardiac glycosides. Our work indicates that the entire cardiac glycoside family of drugs shows potential for antiretroviral drug development.
Fear of falling and gait parameters in older adults with and without fall history

Fear of falling (FOF) is associated with spatial and temporal gait parameters in older adults. FOF is prevalent among older adults, both those with and without fall history. It is still unclear whether the relationships between FOF and gait parameters are affected by fall history. The aim of the present study was to compare gait parameters by the presence of FOF and fall history.
How should we take blood pressure in clinical practice?: The wider use of home and ambulatory monitoring should be encouraged

From BMJ USA 2002;October:541 It is increasingly clear that the traditional way of measuring blood pressure in the clinic or office frequently produces numbers that grossly overestimate a patient's true blood pressure level. This is a major problem, since it is one of the most important and frequent measurements made by physicians. Two major trends have brought this issue to the forefront: first, the development of new technologies for measuring blood pressure; and second, the increasing body of evidence that even mild elevations of blood pressure are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The traditional gold standard for evaluating blood pressure has been clinic readings made by a physician using a mercury sphygmomanometer. It is hallowed by time, and also by the fact that it has been the standard method for evaluating the risks associated with high blood pressure and the benefits of treating it. It has been known for more than 50 years that the blood pressures recorded in …
Sabiston & Spencer surgery of the chest

Through seven successful editions, "Sabiston and Spencer's Surgery of the Chest" has set the standard in cardiothoracic surgery references. Now, the new 8th Edition, edited by Frank Sellke, MD, Pedro J. del Nido, MD, and Scott Swanson, MD, carries on this tradition with updated coverage of today's essential clinical knowledge from leaders worldwide. Guidance divided into three major sections - Adult Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, and Thoracic Surgery - lets you quickly find what you need, while new and revised chapters reflect all of the important changes within this rapidly evolving specialty. Expert Consult functionality - new to this edition - enables you to access the complete contents of the 2-volume set from anyplace with an Internet connection for convenient consultation where and when you need it. This is an ideal source for mastering all of the most important current knowledge and techniques in cardiac and thoracic surgery - whether for specialty board review or day-to-day practice.
β-Lactam/macrolide dual therapy versus β-lactam monotherapy for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES Several studies have compared the clinical effect of β-lactam/macrolide (BLM) dual therapy versus β-lactam (BL) monotherapy in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients. However, the results remain controversial. Thus, we did this meta-analysis to determine which treatment was more effective. METHODS Databases comprising PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched to find relevant studies. The primary outcome was mortality. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. Multivariable-adjusted ORs with 95% CIs were pooled in the random effects model. RESULTS Four prospective cohort studies and 12 retrospective cohort studies were included (n = 42 942). Compared with BL monotherapy, BLM dual therapy was significantly associated with reduced mortality (adjusted OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.61-0.73, P < 0.001, I(2) = 3%). Subsequent subgroup analyses confirmed that BLM dual therapy was statistically superior to BL monotherapy in reduction of mortality. Sensitivity analyses strengthened the validity of the results. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with BL monotherapy, BLM dual therapy might reduce mortality risk in patients with CAP. Because this finding is based on observational studies, randomized controlled trials are required to demonstrate the usefulness of BLM dual therapy in the treatment of CAP.