Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A mixed qualitative-quantitative-participatory methodology: a study of the agricultural knowledge and information system (AKIS) of small-scale farmers in Kirinyaga district, Kenya

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the agricultural knowledge and information systems (AKIS) of small‐scale farmers in Kirinyaga district, Kenya by identifying the key agricultural actors, establishing the information needs of farmers and how they access, share and exchange agricultural knowledge and information.Design/methodology/approach – The study adopts a triangulation of qualitative, quantitative and participatory methodologies and methods for sampling, data collection and data analysis. The methods combine Relaxed Appraisal of Agricultural Knowledge Systems (RAAKS) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), focus group discussions with farmers groups, observation and analysis of secondary data. The sense‐making methodology is used an alternative approach to study information behaviour, while the soft systems methodology is used to link up the different activities by diverse agricultural actors.Findings – Richer and deeper data are collected through mixed methodologies and methods. T.
The structure and evolution of a forming galaxy cluster at z = 1.62

We present a comprehensive picture of the Cl 0218.3−0510 protocluster at z = 1.623 across 10 comoving Mpc. Using filters that tightly bracket the Balmer and 4000 A breaks of the protocluster galaxies we obtain precise photometric redshifts resulting in a protocluster galaxy sample that is 89 ± 5 per cent complete and has a contamination of only 12 ± 5 per cent. Both star-forming and quiescent protocluster galaxies are located, which allows us to map the structure of the forming cluster for the first time. The protocluster contains six galaxy groups, the largest of which is the nascent cluster. Only a small minority of the protocluster galaxies are in the nascent cluster (11 per cent) or in the other galaxy groups (22 per cent), as most protocluster galaxies reside between the groups. Unobscured star-forming galaxies predominantly reside between the protocluster’s groups, whereas red galaxies make up a large fraction of the groups’ galactic content, so observing the protocluster through only one of these types of galaxies results in a biased view of the protocluster’s structure. The structure of the protocluster reveals how much mass is available for the future growth of the cluster and we use the Millennium Simulation, scaled to a Planck cosmology, to predict that Cl 0218.3−0510 will evolve into a 2.7+3.9 −1.7 × 1014M cluster by the present day.
Incidence and Haematological Changes in Haemoprotozoan Infections in Bovines of South Gujarat

A study was conducted to record the incidence, risk factors and haematological changes during haemoprotozoan infections of bovines over a period from January, 2014 to December, 2016. A total of 193 suspected cases (141 cattle and 52 buffaloes) presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex and Livestock Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, were examined for the presence of haemoprotozoan parasites by Giemsa staining technique. Total 46 (23.83%) cases (23 each of cattle and buffaloes) were found positive for presence of haemoparasite infection. The effect of source of sample, season and species on incidence of haemoprasitic infections was significant whereas effect of year was non-significant. Higher incidence was observed in rainy (34.92) followed by winter (25.42 %) and summer (12.68%) season. Significantly higher incidence of Anaplasmosis (8.29%) was observed followed by Babesiosis (6.74%), Theileriosis (3.63%) and Trypanosomosis and Ehrlichiosis (2.59% each). All positive cases showed comparatively lower values of haemoglobin (Hb.), packed cell volume (PCV) and total erythrocyte count (TEC) whereas values of total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leukocyte count (DLC) were within the normal range.
A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS SUBTYPES IN DIAGNOSTIC SAMPLES FROM CATTLE IN PENNSYLVANIA

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is an economically important disease in cattle with estimated losses between 10 and 40 million dollars per million calvings per year in the US. BVD is a complex viral disease producing multifocal clinical symptoms. Evidence from previous studies of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in the United States has shown that 1 in 133 BVDV isolates were similar to strains of BVDV routinely used in vaccinations. The purpose of this study was to: 1. Analyze clinical BVDV isolates obtained from samples submitted to the Pennsylvania State University Animal Diagnostic Laboratory for genetic similarity to BVDV vaccine strain subtype. 2. To determine if novel strains and subtypes of BVDV are circulating in vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle and to make inferences about the efficacy of the current vaccines. The 5 prime untranslated region (5 UTR) of the BVDV genome from BVDV was isolated from clinical samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PCR products were purified and sequenced in both directions using forward and reverse primers. The resulting sequences were compared to known BVDV reference strains representing 10 subtypes of BVDV currently described worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis was used to group isolates based on similarity to known BVDV subtypes. The conclusions of this study describe 5 subtypes of BVDV identified in the study population. The majority of isolates were found to be dissimilar to BVDV strains found in common vaccines for BVDV. An unexpectedly high rate of diversity of BVDV 2b was found in the study population and a diverging phylogenetic grouping from the BVDV 2b was identified as a possible new subtype of BVDV in cattle.
Multiple-Group Analysis of Similarity in Latent Profile Solutions

Despite the increased popularity of person-centered analyses, no comprehensive approach exists to guide the systematic investigation of the similarity (or generalizability) of latent profiles, their predictors, and their outcomes across subgroups of participants or time points. We propose a six-step process to assess configural (number of profiles), structural (within-profile means), dispersion (within-profile variability), distributional (size of the profiles), predictive (relations between predictors and profile membership), and explanatory (relations between profile membership and outcomes) similarity. We then apply this approach to data on organizational commitment mindsets collected in North America (n = 492) and France (n = 476). This approach provides a rigorous method to systematically and quantitatively assess the extent to which a latent profile solution generalizes across diverse samples, such as in the cross-national comparison in our illustrative example, or the extent to which interventions or naturalistic changes may impact the nature of a latent profile solution. This approach also helps to identify the nature of any differences that might be present, thus providing richer interpretations of observed differences and ideas for future research.
THE EFFECT OF ADSORBENT CHARGE ON THE COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OF DIVALENT ORGANIC CATIONS BY LAYER-SILICATE MINERALS 1

Competitive adsorption isotherms for diquat (1,1/-ethylene-2,2,-dipyridilium dibromide) as paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl 4,4'-dipyridilium dichloride) on three-layer clay minerals varying in surface charge density were determined. Both chemicals dissociate in water to form divalent organic cations. Paraquat was preferentially adsorbed on all montmorillonites and on the external surface of vermiculite whereas diquat was preferentially adsorbed on the internal surface of vermiculite and on the external surface of nonexpanded mica. At a surface charge density of about 8X10a esu/cm2 adsorption of diquat and paraquat on external surfaces appeared to be equal. At lower surface charge densities, the widely spaced charge centers (7 A) on paraquat could most effectively counter the adsorbent charge and this cation was preferentially adsorbed over diquat With increase in surface charge density, adsorption sites are more closely spaced, and diquat was preferentially adsorbed due to the shorter separation of its charge centers (3.5 A;. rtre data indicate that structural charge on Iayer silicates is expressed as discrete adsorption sites rather than a smear of surface charge.
Toward understanding the formation of multiple systems - A pilot IRAM-PdBI survey of Class 0 objects

Context. The formation process of binary stars and multiple systems is poorly understood. The multiplicity rate of Class II premain-sequence stars and Class I protostars is well documented and known to be high (∼ 30% to 50% between ∼100 and 4000 AU). However, optical / near-infrared observations of Class I/Class II YSOs barely constrain the pristine properties of multiple systems, since dynamical evolution can quickly alter these properties during the protostellar phase. Aims. Here, we seek to determine the typical outcome of protostellar collapse and to constrain models of binary formation by core fragmentation during collapse, using high-resolution millimeter continuum imaging of very young (Class 0) protostars observed at the beginning of the main accretion phase. Methods. We carried out a pilot high-resolution study of 5 Class 0 objects, including 3 Taurus sources and 2 Perseus sources, using the most extended (A) configuration of the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) at 1.3 mm. Our PdBI observations have a typical HPBW resolution ∼0.3 �� −0.5 �� and rms continuum sensitivity ∼0.1− 1m Jy/beam, which allow us to probe the multiplicity of Class 0 protostars down to separations a ∼ 50 AU and circumstellar mass ratios q ∼ 0.07. Results. We detected all 5 primary Class 0 sources in the 1.3 mm dust continuum. A single component associated with the primary Class 0 object was detected in the case of the three Taurus sources, while robust evidence of secondary components was found toward the two Perseus sources: L1448-C and NGC1333-IR2A. We show that the secondary 1.3 mm continuum component detected ∼600 AU south-east of L1448-C, at a position angle close to that of the CO(2−1) jet axis traced by our data, is an outflow feature directly associated with the powerful jet driven by L1448-C. The secondary 1.3 mm continuum component detected ∼1900 AU southeast of NGC1333-IR2A may either be a genuine protostellar companion or trace the edge of an outflow cavity. Therefore, our PdBI observations revealed only wide (>1500 AU) protobinary systems and/or outflow-generated features. Conclusions. When combined with previous millimeter interferometric observations of Class 0 protostars, our pilot PdBI study tentatively suggests that the binary fraction in the ∼75−1000 AU range increases from the Class 0 to the Class I stage. It also seems to argue against purely hydrodynamic models of binary star formation. We briefly discuss possible alternative scenarios to reconcile the low multiplicity rate of Class 0 protostars on small scales with the higher binary fraction observed at later (e.g. Class I) evolutionary stages.
Functioning of Young Individuals with Upper Limb Reduction Deficiencies

Jongeren die geboren zijn met een korte arm (transversaal reductiedefect) kunnen de meeste dagelijkse activiteiten prima uitvoeren. Dit blijkt uit onderzoek vanuit het UMCG, uitgevoerd door promovenda Ecaterina Golea-Vasluian en haar begeleiders Corry van der Sluis, Raoul Bongers en Heleen Reinders-Messelink. Jongeren met een korte arm gebruiken het liefst hun hand, aangedane arm, en andere lichaamsdelen zoals benen, voeten, schouders, en hoofd om taken uit te voeren. Toch zijn er taken die wat moeilijker zijn en daarvoor gebruiken deze jongeren vaak hulpmiddelen. Adaptaties zijn hulpmiddelen die specifiek worden vervaardigd voor gebruik door de aangedane arm. Uit het onderzoek bleek dat adaptaties voor eten met bestek, fietsen, en vrijetijd activiteiten zoals een muziekinstrument bespelen of sporten, het meest worden gebruikt. In vergelijking met protheses, zijn jongeren met een korte arm meer tevreden over het gebruik van adaptaties dan van protheses. Zij vonden adaptaties makkelijker te gebruiken en aan te doen, lichter en goedkoper dan protheses. Prothesen worden meestal gebruikt om het staren van mensen te vermijden. Prothesen worden minder gebruikt om het uitvoeren van activiteiten makkelijker te maken. Om de functionaliteit van kinderen met een korte arm te kunnen meten, hebben de onderzoekers een meetinstrument voor volwassen prothesegebruikers aangepast voor 4-6-jarige kinderen. Het instrument, de Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP), geeft inzicht in hoe een kind met een handaandoening op verschillende manieren dingen kan pakken. Uit de eerste testen bij gezonde kinderen blijkt dat het aangepaste instrument geschikt is voor het gebruik bij kinderen, maar er is verder onderzoek nodig om de kinder-SHAP zodanig te verbeteren dat het ook in de praktijk toepasbaar is.
SYED AHSAN ABBAS OPTICAL PROJECTION TOMOGRAPHY AS A TOOL TO ANA- LYZE 3D CELL CULTURES OF CARDIOMYOCYTES

SYED AHSAN ABBAS: Optical Projection Tomography as a tool to analyze 3D cell cultures of cardiomyocytes Tampere University of technology Master of Science Thesis, 47 pages, 11 Appendix pages June 2014 Master’s Degree Programme in Science and Bio engineering Major: Bioimaging Examiner: Professor Jari Hyttinen
One‐dimensional random patchy saturation model for velocity and attenuation in porous rocks

Porous rocks encountered in hydrocarbon reservoirs are often saturated with a mixture of two or more fluids. Generation of synthetic seismograms as well as interpretation of in-situ attenuation measurements require a theoretical understanding of the relation between the heterogeneous distribution of fluid patches and the acoustic properties of rocks. Thus, the problem of calculating acoustic properties of rocks saturated with a mixture of two fluids has attracted considerable interest (White, 1975; Murphy, 1982; Gist, 1994; Mavko and Mukerji, 1998; Pride et al., 2004). At the same time, this problem is also interesting from the theoretical point of view because partially saturated rocks represent a particularly interesting situation when the effects of dynamic poroelasticity may be significant at seismic or sonic frequencies. Indeed, it is a radical departure from the situation with a porous material fully saturated with a single fluid. Such a fully saturated material exhibits frequency-dependent effects only at frequencies comparable with Biot9s characteristic frequency (Bourbie et al., 1987) ω c = ηϕ/κρ f , where ρ f is the fluid density, η is fluid viscosity, κ is permeability, and ϕ is porosity. For frequencies much lower than ω c , the dynamic effects can be ignored and Gassmann theory applies.
1 Skilled Immigration and Wages in Australia *

This paper investigates the impact of the relative growth of skilled migration on the structure of Australian wages. Unlike conventional approaches, the present study uses macro data to examine the response of wages to immigration flows. We use instrumental variable (IV) techniques to deal with the potential endogeneity of immigration. Results from alternative estimation strategies support the many prevailing empirical findings. There is no robust evidence that a relative increase in skilled immigrants exerts discernible adverse consequences on the wage structure in Australia. JEL Classification: J61, J31, C31, C59
ENSO, Pacific Decadal Variability, and U.S. Summertime Precipitation, Drought, and Stream Flow

Abstract The relationship between the three primary modes of Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability—the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific decadal oscillation, and the North Pacific mode—and U.S. warm season hydroclimate is examined. In addition to precipitation, drought and stream flow data are analyzed to provide a comprehensive picture of the lower-frequency components of hydrologic variability. ENSO and the two decadal modes are extracted from a single unfiltered analysis, allowing a direct intercomparison of the modal structures and continental linkages. Both decadal modes have signals in the North Pacific, but the North Pacific mode captures most of the local variability. A summertime U.S. hydroclimatic signal is associated with all three SST modes, with the linkages of the two decadal modes comparable in strength to that of ENSO. The three SST variability modes also appear to play a significant role in long-term U.S. drought events. In particular, the northeastern drought o.
Institutional block-holdings of UK firms: do corporate governance mechanisms matter?

Using a sample of UK firms, we find that institutional block-holding is negatively associated with directors’ ownership and is positively associated with board composition, suggesting that institutional block-holders regard directors’ ownership and board composition as substitute and complementary control mechanisms, respectively. We also show that UK institutional block-holders prefer smaller firms and firms with a shorter listing history. The presence of institutional block-holders is associated with smaller boards and lower trading liquidity. Finally, our results indicate that the investment preference of UK institutional block-holders varies with the level of their shareholding.
The Hochschild Cohomology Ring of a Group Algebra

There is a standard additive decomposition of the Hochschild cohomology ring of the group algebra of a finite group G as the direct sum of the cohomology rings of the centralizers of representatives of the conjugacy classes of G. A special case of our main result describes the cup product in terms of this decomposition. As applications, we determine presentations for the Hochschild cohomology rings of
Neutron electric dipole moment in the instanton vacuum: Quenched versus unquenched simulations

We investigate the role played by the fermionic determinant in the evaluation of the CP-violating neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) adopting the Instanton Liquid Model. Significant differences between quenched and unquenched calculations are found. In the case of unquenched simulations the neutron EDM decreases linearly with the quark mass and is expected to vanish in the chiral limit. On the contrary, within the quenched approximation, the neutron EDM increases as the quark mass decreases and is expected to diverge as 1/m{sup N{sub f}} in the chiral limit. We argue that such a qualitatively different behavior is a parameter-free, semiclassical prediction and occurs because the neutron EDM is sensitive to the topological structure of the vacuum. The present analysis suggests that quenched and unquenched lattice QCD simulations of the neutron EDM as well as of other observables governed by topology might show up important differences in the quark mass dependence for m{sub q} < or approx. {lambda}{sub QCD}.
Diversity of Lecidea (Lecideaceae, Ascomycota) species revealed by molecular data and morphological characters

Abstract The diversity of lichens, especially crustose species, in continental Antarctica is still poorly known. To overcome difficulties with the morphology based species delimitations in these groups, we employed molecular data (nuclear ITS and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences) to test species boundaries within the genus Lecidea. Sampling was done along a north–south transect at five different areas in the Ross Sea region (Cape Hallett, Botany Bay to Mount Suess, Taylor Valley, Darwin Area and Mount Kyffin). A total of 153 specimens were collected from 13 localities. Phylogenetic analyses also include specimens from other regions in Antarctica and non-Antarctic areas. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses agreed in placing the samples from continental Antarctica into four major groups. Based on this phylogenetic estimate, we restudied the micromorphology and secondary chemistry of these four clades to evaluate the use of these characters as phylogenetic discriminators. These clades are identified as the following species Lecidea cancriformis, L. andersonii as well as the new species L. polypycnidophora Ruprecht & Türk sp. nov. and another previously unnamed clade of uncertain status, referred to as Lecidea sp. (L. UCR1).
Prevalence of Depression in Adolescent Children and their Approach towards It-An Observational Study

: Introduction: All over the globe 10-20% of children and adolescents experience some form of mental disorders. Depression is ranked by WHO as the single largest contributor to global disability and suicide deaths amongst 15-29 year old. Aims & Objective: To find out the prevalence of depression amongst adolescents and their approach towards it. Material and methods: Total 1160, 9th-12th grade students participated in this study. Beck’s Depression Inventory II (1) and a détail questionnaire was used for assessment of prevalence of depression and their approach towards it. Results: The prevalence of mild depression was found to be 52.6%, more common in 12th graders and girls (56%). 71% of the students reported that studies, peer pressure, relationships, social groups and quarrels at home were the main reason of depression.44% reported they had suicidal thoughts and 49% said they looked up to their friends for help and 39.7% did not seek help. Conclusions: Schools and social platform can offer unique opportunities for effective implementation of interventions aimed at early recognition and prevention of depression.
The Benefits of Promotion-Induced Stockpiling

In manufacturing a vehicle lamp by a hot plate melt-bonding method whereby a lamp body comprising thermoplastic resin is melted by pressing onto it a heated hot plate, then joining the lamp body and a lamp lens by press-fixing the melted part onto the lamp lens, improvement is effected in respect of thread drawing of the resin constituting the lamp body by employing a lamp body that is molded of a resin composition (C) as chief constituent whereof a total of 100 weight parts consist of 80~5 weight parts of a specified graft copolymer (A) obtained by graft polymerization of an alpha,beta-unsaturated acid glycidyl ester compound and 20~95 weight parts of vinyl copolymer (B).
AXIAL COMPRESSION OF THIN-WALLED METAL TUBES

The present paper investigates the compression process of thin-walled metal tubes under axial static compression load. Several Specimens of tubes with different diameters 100 , 150 and 200 mm and lengths were manufactured using 1.5 thickness low carbon steel sheets (Zinc coated), in order to carry out axial compressive tests. Analytical in-extensional collapse mode was used to predict the mean load carrying capacity, energy absorption and stress ratios. Load-displacement curves were obtained experimentally and four types of collapsed modes were observed. It was noted that the energy of the crushing was absorbed by fixed, included and traveled plastic hinges. Mean load carrying capacity, energy absorption and stress ratio ( y σ σ / ) were found to be increase with increase of (t/D) ratio.
The influence of adult attachment on symptom reporting: Testing a mediational model in a sample of the general population

Research has demonstrated that adult attachment style affects symptom reporting, yet relatively little is known about the variables that mediate this relationship. Participants (N = 202) completed a series of measures designed to tap psychosocial variables associated with both attachment style and symptom reporting, namely, social support, self-esteem, positive affect, negative affect, and emotional expressivity. As predicted, people with secure attachment styles differed significantly from those with insecure attachment styles (i.e., avoidant and anxious/ambivalent) on all dependent variables. Negative affect was the principal mediator of the effects of secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent attachment styles on symptom reporting. The discussion focuses on the practical and theoretical implications of this work, and in particular on the role of negative affect on symptom reporting.