Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Notes on Iron IIA 14C Dates from Tell el-Qudeirat (Kadesh Barnea)

Abstract Short-lived samples from an iron Age IIA context at Tell el-Qudeirat in northeastern Sinai, identified by many with biblical Kadesh Barnea, were subjected to radiocarbon dating. The results indicate dates that are very high—even higher than those currently adhered to by proponents of the 'high' iron Age chronology. These dates were obtained after independent measuring in three radiocarbon laboratories. Repeated 14C intercomparisons, in this case and others, have demonstrated that apparent inconsistencies in the dates offered for archaeological facies cannot be attributed to measurement error or bias. Answers must be sought elsewhere.
Computability in Europe 2007 Computation and Logic in the Real World

A classic result known as the speed-up theorem [2, 3] in the classical complexity theory shows that there exist some computable functions that do not have best programs for them. In this paper we lift this result into type-2 computation under the notion of our type-2 complexity theory depicted in [14, 12, 13]. While the speed-up phenomenon is essentially inherited from type-1 computation, we cannot directly apply the original proof to our type-2 speed-up theorem because the oracle queries can interfere the speed of the programs and hence the cancelation strategy used in the original proof is no longer correct at type-2. We also argue that a type-2 analog of the operator speed-up theorem [15] does not hold, which suggests that this curious phenomenon disappears in higher-typed computation beyond type-2.
The effect of flow experience on user adoption of mobile TV

The wide broadband of third generation (3G) mobile communication technologies enables advanced mobile data services such as mobile TV. However, users’ adoption intention of mobile TV may decrease with their poor experience caused by the lack of usability, such as small screens and slow response. Drawing upon the flow theory, this research examined mobile TV user adoption. The results indicated that perceived ease of use, access speed and content quality have significant effects on the flow experience, which involves three dimensions: perceived enjoyment, perceived control and attention focus. In turn, flow experience affects perceived usefulness and usage intention. Thus, service providers need to present an engaging experience to users in order to facilitate their adoption and usage of mobile TV.
Expression, Localisation and Functional Implications of the Transporter Protein PEPT2 in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract are widespread and may initiate exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nebulisation of antibiotics as a topic treatment may lead to high local drug concentrations. To provide data on drug transport, the present study analysed a specific drug transport system on the molecular and functional level. Messenger RNA of the proton-coupled transporter PEPT2 that mediates physiological transport of oligopeptides as well as peptidomimetics like β-lactams and aminolevulinic acid was discovered in rat nasal mucosa by RT-PCR. Real-time PCR studies indicated a lower expression level than control kidney samples. PEPT2 immunoreactivity was identified in nasal mucosa tissue. The protein was expressed in epithelial cells, but goblet cells did not exhibit PEPT2 expression. Functional studies with rat preparations led to uptake of a fluorophore-conjugated substrate into epithelial cells of nasal mucosa. Goblet cells did not exhibit uptake activity. The uptake was competitively inhibited by dipeptides demonstrating similar substrate specificity as reported for PEPT2. Together, these data suggest that PEPT2 is likely to play an important role in mucosal peptide metabolism and may represent a novel target for therapeutic efforts in upper airway diseases.
ULMFiT replication

Authors: Mohamed Abdellatif and Ahmed Elgammal Gitlab URL: https://gitlab.com/abdollatif/lrec_app Commit hash: 3f20b2ddb96d8c865e5f56f5566edf371214785f Tag name: Splits2 Dataset file md5: 5aee3dac5e48d1ac3d279083212734c9 Dataset URL: https://drive.google. com/file/d/1cv5HuQhgFVizupFI40dzreemS2gMM498/view? usp=sharing
EVALUATION OF FAR INFRARED RELATIONS TO ODOR BY A STANDARDS SIMILARITY METHOD *

For more than a century, vibrational properties of molecules have been given prominent consideration by theorists attempting to account for olfactory sensations; but little data have been presented in support of the role that these properties play. Among the more recent theories is that of Dyson (1937 & 1938), who proposed that odor was due to molecular vibrations, producing a Raman shift frequency$ of 1,400 to 3,500 crn. -’ (these frequencies correspond with a wave length from 7.14 to 2.86 microns, respectively). Wright$ (1954) pointed out that this region mainly reflects chemical properties of the molecule, and indicated on the basis of quantum and thermodynamic arguments that the region below about 600 cm. -l (wave length beyond about 16 microns) should be examined for relationsh,ip to odor, especially since the properties of the molecule as a whole should also be reflected in this region. Previous evaluations and reviews of Wright’s proposal have frequently been unfavorable (Pfaffmann, 1956; Thompson, 1957; Lauffer, 1959). However, detailed examination of the theoretical and empirical arguments presented against the proposal indicates they all are of questionable pertinence. In particular, no data were found to counter those presented by Wright and Serenius (1954), who found a significant similarity among the low-frequency Raman spectra of a group of chemicals having the bitter almond odor. It was the purpose of this investigation to independently evaluate Wright’s (1954) proposal that a relationship may exist between odor and molecular vibration properties as measured by Raman spectra. The investigation was initiated with a survey of the psychological olfactory literature, and a survey of the available Raman spectral data. The psychological and Raman data were then cross compared to determine if Raman characteristics could be defined for given olfactory characteristics, and vice versa. TABLE 1 illustrates the nature of the relationships found. Odorous chemicals generally were found to have vibrations in the proposed region, while nonodorous molecules tended not to have vibrations in the region. The excitation probabilities relate to the theoretical basis for considering this region, with greater excitation probability being noted for the lower frequencies. In general, the literature evaluation provided support for Wright’s ( 1954) proposal of a relationship between odor and low-frequency molecular vibrations. One of the problems of the literature evaluation concerned the paraffin hydrocarbons for which it was found difficult to make any conclusion. Standard samples from the National Bureau of Standards were found to have very faint odors for the members around heptane, and it seems likely the odors present might have been due to the remaining impurities. Ignoring the “strong gasoline
Patterns of Interactive Learning in a High-tech Region

This paper aims at developing a theoretical framework that explains levels of interactive learning. Interactive learning is defined as the exchange and sharing of knowledge resources conducive to innovation between an innovator firm, its suppliers, and/or its customers. Our research question is: Why do levels of interactive learning of innovator firms, their customers, and/or suppliers vary? Our theoretical framework combines a resource-based perspective with an activity-based account of interactive learning. It starts with a resource-based argument, which is specified by introducing competing and complementary theoretical arguments such as the complexity and structuring of innovative activities, and sectoral technological dynamics. The strength of internal knowledge resources can either hamper or facilitate levels of interactive learning. We assume that more complex innovative activities urge firms to co-ordinate and exchange information between users and producers, which implies a higher level of interactive learning. The structuring of innovative activities, as well as sectoral technological dynamics can foster interactive learning. To test our theoretical claims, we estimated six models predicting the level of interactive learning of innovator firms with: (1) their customers (here the innovating firms are the producers); (2) their suppliers (here the innovating firms are the customers); (3) with customers and suppliers split by size (four separate models). These analyses allow a comparison of the antecedents of interactive learning of innovator firms performing dual roles, and having a different size. Both monotonic and non-monotonic effects of the complexity of innovative activities, the strength of the internal knowledge base, and monotonic effects of the structuring of innovative activities are tested. Our findings suggest that our theoretical model best fits the interactive learning of small- and medium-sized innovator firms. Interactive learning with customers is positively associated with the complexity and structuring of innovative activities, and with moderate scores of the cross-product term of `complexity of innovative activities and the strength of knowledge resources'. Interactive learning with customers is positively affected by higher technological dynamics. Stronger internal knowledge resources yield positive effects on interactive learning with suppliers up to a threshold point. Once this threshold is crossed, the effects of stronger knowledge resources become negative. Interactive learning with suppliers as well as with customers is positively associated with internal and external structuring of innovative activities, but is not affected by sectoral technological dynamics.
The effect of microstructure on the electrical performance of Ag-WC-C contact materials

Silver-tungsten carbide-graphite contacts of varying microstructures were investigated to determine the effect on contact erosion, sticking, resistance, and current interruption. The parameters examined were graphite particle size and silver particle size. Statistically significant results were weld strength after contact bounce at 400 amperes peak, weight loss after 10,000 operations at 141 amperes peak, and weight loss and resistance after interruption at 1,920 amperes peak. For the Ag-WC-C composition tested, the use of fine graphite and fine silver powders led to enhanced electrical performance.
HPV subtype analysis in lower genital tract neoplasms of female renal transplant recipients.

OBJECTIVE Immunocompromised patients, such as female renal transplant recipients, have an increased incidence of neoplasms involving the lower genital tract (i.e., cervix, vagina, vulva). The relationship between lower genital tract neoplasms and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been established and high-risk oncogenic subtypes have been identified (HPV 16, 18, 45, and 56). The purpose of this study is to evaluate HPV subtypes present in lower genital tract neoplasms of post renal transplant women and compare HPV subtypes found in these patients with immunocompetent patients having similar neoplasms and normal immunocompetent controls. METHODS Twenty specimens from lower genital tract neoplasms of 16 renal transplant patients, 13 specimens from 13 immunocompetent patients with similar histology, and 13 patients with normal lower genital tract histology were analyzed for the presence of HPV using polymerase chain reaction. HPV primers including the L1 (late) region consensus primers and primers specific for the HPV E6 (early) region for subtypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 were amplified with DNA from the above patient samples. RESULTS Overall, HPV was detected in 21/46 specimens tested. Thirteen of the HPV-positive specimens were from transplant patients, and 8 were from immunocompetent patients (5 immunocompetent with disease and 3 normal patients). This difference in the total number of HPV-positive cases was statistically significant between the transplant and immunocompetent group (P = 0.02). Although no difference in HPV 6 and/or 11 was detected between the two groups, HPV subtypes 16 and/or 18 approached statistical significant difference (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS High-risk oncogenic HPV subtypes 16 and/or 18 were found at a higher rate in transplant patients compared with their immunocompetent counterparts. The combination of immunocompromise and increased HPV 16 and/or 18 positivity may place these patients at increased risk for aggressive lower genital tract neoplastic progression.
Clinical and patient satisfaction outcomes of a new treatment for somatized mental disorder taught to general practitioners.

BACKGROUND Patients with mental disorder presenting with medically unexplained symptoms (somatized mental disorder) are common in primary care, difficult to treat, and function poorly in their daily lives. AIM To examine the effects on patient outcome and satisfaction of a training package for somatized mental disorder delivered to general practitioners (GPs). METHOD A prospective study of a before-and-after training study of different cohorts of patients attending eight GPs who acted as their own controls. Patients were stratified according to their belief that the presenting medical symptom had either a partial or completely physical cause. RESULTS One hundred and three patients in the cohort before training, and 112 patients in the cohort after training, were diagnosed with somatized mental disorder by the study GPs. After training there were significant improvements in interview-rated psychiatric disorder (P = 0.032) at one month, self-rated psychiatric disorder (P = 0.024), and global function (P = 0.020) at three months in patients who believed their symptoms to have a partial physical cause. Training at one-month follow-up reduced depressive symptoms in patients with major depression but did not significantly change any other outcome in patients who believed their symptoms had only a physical cause. There was no overall change in patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION Training GPs clinically benefited patients with somatized mental disorder who believe that their symptoms have a partial physical cause.
Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb., Verbenaceae, ameliorates high fat diet-induced alteration in lipid and cholesterol metabolism in rats

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a eficacia do extrato liofilizado das folhas de Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb. , Verbenaceae (FECG), em alterar o metabolismo de lipidios e colesterol em ratos hiperlipidemicos alimentados em uma dieta rica em gordura. Plasma e perfil lipidico hepatico, lipideos e enzimas que metabolizam o colesterol em tecidos-alvo e o conteudo de lipideos fecais totais e acidos biliares foram avaliados em ratos normolipidemicos e hiperlipidemicos tratados com FECG. Os resultados foram comparados com a droga sintetica hipolipemiante Lovastatina (LVS). Os resultados indicam que FECG foi capaz de regular positivamente a hiperlipidemia induzida experimentalmente por alteracao significativa no perfil lipidico do plasma e tecidos. Estes resultados podem ser atribuidos a absorcao reduzida, a eliminacao efetiva e catabolismo aumentado de lipideos e colesterol, possivelmente devido ao alto teor de saponina e fitoesterois em C. glandulosum Coleb. Uso de extrato de C. glandulosum como um possivel agente terapeutico contra a hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia e indicado.
Anti-B lymphocyte immunotherapy is associated with improvement of periodontal status in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis present many similar features. The benefits of anti-B lymphocyte therapy (rituximab) on reducing tissue resorption in RA prompted us to assess its potential efficacy on the periodontal status of patients with RA treated with rituximab. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontal status was assessed in 21 subjects with RA, divided into two groups: Group I consisted in 11 subjects assessed before their first infusion of rituximab and again 6 months later. Five of them were also assessed for up to 4 years after their first rituximab infusion. The 10 subjects in group II had received more than two courses of two rituximab infusions at the time of periodontal assessment. RESULTS Pocket depth and attachment loss were significantly decreased 6 months after treatment with rituximab in group I. The periodontal status of the five subjects from group I followed for up to 48 months after rituximab treatment was improved irrespective of the clinical parameter observed. Patients from group II had a better periodontal status than patients from group I before treatment with rituximab. CONCLUSIONS Anti-B lymphocyte therapy could be beneficial to improve periodontitis suggesting a major role of B cells in this disease.
Further results on iterative learning control with convergence conditions for linear time-variant discrete systems

This article is concerned with some further results on iterative learning control (ILC) algorithms with convergence conditions for linear time-variant discrete systems. By converting two-Dimensional (2-D) ILC process of the linear time-variant discrete systems into 1-D linear time-invariant discrete systems, this article presents convergent ILC algorithms with necessary and sufficient conditions for two classes of linear time-variant discrete systems. Main results in (Li, X.-D., Ho, J.K.L., and Chow, T.W.S. (2005), ‘Iterative Learning Control for Linear Time-variant Discrete Systems Based on 2-D System Theory’, IEE Proceedings, Control Theory and Applications, 152, 13–18 and Huang, S.N. , Tan, K.K. , and Lee, T.H. (2002), ‘Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Convergence of Iterative Learning Algorithm’, Automatica 38, 1257–1260) are extended and generalised.
A Test of Climate, Sun, and Culture Relationships from an 1810-Year Chinese Cave Record

A record from Wanxiang Cave, China, characterizes Asian Monsoon (AM) history over the past 1810 years. The summer monsoon correlates with solar variability, Northern Hemisphere and Chinese temperature, Alpine glacial retreat, and Chinese cultural changes. It was generally strong during Europe's Medieval Warm Period and weak during Europe's Little Ice Age, as well as during the final decades of the Tang, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties, all times that were characterized by popular unrest. It was strong during the first several decades of the Northern Song Dynasty, a period of increased rice cultivation and dramatic population increase. The sign of the correlation between the AM and temperature switches around 1960, suggesting that anthropogenic forcing superseded natural forcing as the major driver of AM changes in the late 20th century.
TWO DECADES OF FUNCTIONAL IMAGING : FROM NUCLEAR SPINS TO CORTICAL

Since its introduction in 1992, there has been a revolution in the ability to image brain function with functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), going from early experiments demonstrating relatively course images of activity in the visual cortex to mapping cortical columns and to “brain reading” that constructs mental experiences of an individual, all using the fact that we were endowed with a complex paramagnetic molecule sequestered in our blood vessels and that neuronal activity has spatially-specific metabolic and physiologic consequences. These two decades of fMRI is marked by incessant improvements in instrumentation, innovative developments in image acquisition and reconstruction methods, and a significant expansion in our knowledge of neurovascular coupling. Collectively, this body of work has brought us recently to the point of depicting functional activity in three dimensions, in the entire human brain with submillimeter resolution. Some aspects of these accomplishments and the rational for their pursuit is reviewed and presented together with a personal history of the development of fMRI. 121
Validity and reliability of GPS units to monitor cricket-specific movement patterns.

PURPOSE The validity and reliability of three commercial global positioning system (GPS) units (MinimaxX, Catapult, Australia; SPI-10, SPI-Pro, GPSports, Australia) were quantified. METHODS Twenty trials of cricket-specific locomotion patterns and distances (walking 8800 m, jogging 2400 m, running 1200 m, striding 600 m, sprinting 20- to 40-m intervals, and run-a-three) were compared against criterion measures (400-m athletic track, electronic timing). Validity was quantified with the standard error of the estimate (SEE) and reliability estimated using typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation. RESULTS The validity (mean +/- 90% confidence limits) for locomotion patterns walking to striding ranged from 0.4 +/- 0.1 to 3.8 +/- 1.4%, whereas for sprinting distances over 20 to 40 m including run-a-three (approx. 50 m) the SEE ranged from 2.6 +/- 1.0 to 23.8 +/- 8.8%. The reliability (expressed as mean [90% confidence limits]) of estimating distance traveled by walking to striding ranged from 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) to 2.9% (2.3 to 4.0). Similarly, mean reliability of estimating different sprinting distances over 20 to 40 m ranged from 2.0 (1.6 to 2.8) to 30.0% (23.2 to 43.3). CONCLUSIONS The accuracy and bias was dependent on the GPS brand employed. Commercially available GPS units have acceptable validity and reliability for estimating longer distances (600-8800 m) in walking to striding, but require further development for shorter cricket-specific sprinting distances.
Caring Behaviors Inventory: A Reduction of the 42-Item Instrument

Background: Caring traditionally has been at the center of nursing. Effectively measuring the process of nurse caring is vital in nursing research. A short, less burdensome dimensional instrument for patients' use is needed for this purpose. Objectives: To derive and validate a shorter Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) within the context of the 42-item CBI. Methods: The responses to the 42-item CBI from 362 hospitalized patients were used to develop a short form using factor analysis. A test-retest reliability study was conducted by administering the shortened CBI to new samples of patients (n = 64) and nurses (n = 42). Results: Factor analysis yielded a 24-item short form (CBI-24) that (a) covers the four major dimensions assessed by the 42-item CBI, (b) has internal consistency (&agr; =.96) and convergent validity (r =.62) similar to the 42-item CBI, (c) reproduces at least 97% of the variance of the 42 items in patients and nurses, (d) provides statistical conclusions similar to the 42-item CBI on scoring for caring behaviors by patients and nurses, (e) has similar sensitivity in detecting between-patient difference in perceptions, (f) obtains good test-retest reliability (r = .88 for patients and r=.82 for nurses), and (g) confirms high internal consistency (&agr; >.95) as a stand-alone instrument administered to the new samples. Conclusion: CBI-24 appears to be equivalent to the 42-item CBI in psychometric properties, validity, reliability, and scoring for caring behaviors among patients and nurses. These results recommend the use of CBI-24 to reduce response burden and research costs.