Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Does the Keane PTSD Scale of the MMPI Measure? Repeated Measurements in a Group of Patients with Major Depression

We looked at a group of depressed patients in a treatment study, none of whom by study design had Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). High scores on the PTSD (PK) scale could only be due to factors other than PTSD. Despite the absence of PTSD, we observed an extremely high false positive rate in a group given the MMPI on multiple occasions. 92% of the subjects had at least one T score at or above 65 on the PK scale. 44% of the men and the women had at least one score at or above the more conservative cutoff (a raw score of 28) recommended by Lyons and Keane. The PK scale is sensitive to depression as well as anxiety and PTSD. The PK scale showed multiple high correlations with clinical and validity scales. It was concluded, in agreement with Miller, Goldberg, and Streiner (1995) and Moody and Kish (1989), that the PK scale is primarily a measure of general dysphoria. In populations with considerable psychopathology, the PK scale does not appear to discriminate between patients with and without PTSD.
Stimulation of glutathione absorption in rat small intestine by α‐adrenergic agonists

The α‐adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine (1.6 μm), caused a threefold stimulation of glutathione (GSH) transport from the lumen into the vasculature in isolated, vascularly perfused rat small intestine. Stimulation of GSH transport by phenylephrine was blocked by the α‐adrenergic antagonists, prazosin or phentolamine. Norepinephrine and epinephrine (both α and β agonists) also stimulated GSH absorption but not to the same extent as phenylephrine. Isoproterenol, a strict β‐adrenergic agonist, had no effect on the rate of GSH absorption. Under physiological luminal GSH concentrations, phenylephrine stimulated GSH efflux from the lumen, accumulation in the intestinal mucosa, and transport into the mesenteric vasculature. Phenylephrine did not stimulate the transport of polyethylene glycol, a high molecular weight molecule, and stimulated uptake of cysteine and glycine by 30%. This suggests that the effect of phenylephrine on GSH transport is not due to enhanced bulk flow through paracellular pathways. Studies with isolated small intestinal epithelial cells showed that phenylephrine also stimulated the release of GSH from the cells. Oral administration of phenylephrine with GSH caused a two‐ to fivefold transient increase in plasma GSH concentrations in rats. Phenylephrine alone or with the amino acid constituents of GSH caused no increase in plasma GSH concentration. Thus, absorption of dietary GSH is under hormonal regulation. The physiological importance of this regulation is not known, although such regulation may function to control utilization of dietary GSH for detoxication and may have therapeutic benefits for individuals with deficient GSH or increased risk of oxidative or chemically induced injury. —Hagen, T. M. ; Bai, C. ; Jones, D. P. Stimulation of glutathione absorption in rat small intestine by α‐adrenergic agonists. FASEB J. 5: 2721‐2727; 1991.
The Effect of Corporate Governance Regulatory Intervention on Firm Decisions and Market Reactions, the Italian Case

This paper investigates whether Italian companies that cross-list in the United States between 1993 and 2005 show (i) a change in their internal policies as anticipated by the bonding hypothesis, (ii) an increase in market value, or (iii) an increase in the access to capital funds. We use the unique environment created by the 1998 Draghi reform which significantly improved the protection of Italian listed companies’ minority shareholders and we further examine the impact of legislated changes in corporate governance in Italy on the decision of Italian companies to cross-list in the United States. Our results indicate that following the Draghi reform (i) firms that cross-list in the United States modify their dividend and cash policies as anticipated by the bonding hypothesis. Contrary to prior research, (ii) we do not find evidence that cross-listing serves to enhance shareholder value or (iii) is used as a vehicle to more easily access capital funds either before or after the domestic corporate governance is improved. The results of this study provide evidence that country level legislative innovations intended to enhance a weak corporate governance system can be a valid and effective substitute to the bonding mechanism by providing an alternative signal of a firm’s quality.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Kepuasan, dan Sikap Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Café X Bogor

HR management is an effort to integrate the needs of personnel with organization’s objectives to increase the contribution that can be given by the employees of the organization towards the achievement of goals. This research examined the effect of motivation, job satisfaction, and working attitude to job performance on Cafe X’s employees, Bogor. The use of these variables is expected to solve the performance problem on the employees. The respondents of this study were 25 employees using sampling techniques survey. The Research method used are literature and empirical (survey) approach, and the multiple regression statistical analysis. The analysis showed that working attitude and motivation have a positive effect on employee performance, with the closeness of the relationship in the medium category. To working attitude variable, the highest dimension is cognitive component and the lowest is behavior component. To motivation variable, the highest dimension is physical dimension and the lowest is self-actualization. While job satisfaction does not significantly influence on employee performance. Compensation becomes the major factor to dissatisfaction and the lowest is promotion factor. These empirical findings indicate that the restaurant management needs an improvement in order to improve the performance of employees, especially to evaluate compensation policies and the provision of incentives.
Eliminating Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Outpatient Surgery with Multimodal Strategies including Low Doses of Nonsedating, Off-Patent Antiemetics: Is “Zero Tolerance“ Achievable?

For ondansetron, dexamethasone, and droperidol (when used for prophylaxis), each is estimated to reduce risk of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV) by approximately 25%. Current consensus guidelines denote that patients with 0–1 risk factors still have a 10–20% risk of encountering PONV, but do not yet advocate routine prophylaxis for all patients with 10–20% risk. In ambulatory surgery, however, multimodal prophylaxis has gained favor, and our previously published experience with routine prophylaxis has yielded PONV rates below 10%. We now propose a “zero-tolerance” antiemetic algorithm for outpatients that involves routine prophylaxis by first avoiding volatile agents and opioids to the extent possible, using locoregional anesthesia, multimodal analgesia, and low doses of three nonsedating off-patent antiemetics. Routine oral administration (immediately on arrival to the ambulatory surgery suite) of perphenazine 8 mg (antidopaminergic) or cyclizine 50 mg (antihistamine), is followed by dexamethasone 4 mg i.v. after anesthesia induction (dexamethasone is avoided in diabetic patients). At the end of surgery, ondansetron (4 mg i.v., now off-patent) is added. Rescue therapy consists of avoiding unnecessary repeat doses of drugs acting by the same mechanism: haloperidol 2 mg i.v. (antidopaminergic) is prescribed for patients pretreated with cyclizine or promethazine 6.25 mg i.v. (antihistamine) for patients having been pretreated with perphenazine. If available, a consultation for therapeutic acupuncture procedure is ordered. Our approach toward “zero tolerance” of PONV emphasizes liberal identification of and prophylaxis against common risks.
Discrimination, Parent-Adolescent Conflict, and Peer Intimacy: Examining Risk and Resilience in Mexican-Origin Youths' Adjustment Trajectories.

Peer discrimination and parent-adolescent conflict in early adolescence were examined as predictors of depressive symptoms and risky behaviors from early to late adolescence using four waves of data over an 8-year period from a sample of 246 Mexican-origin adolescents (MTime 1 age = 12.55, SD = 0.58; 51% female). The buffering effect of friendship intimacy and moderating role of adolescent gender were tested. Higher levels of discrimination and conflict in early adolescence were associated with higher initial levels of depressive symptoms and risky behaviors in early adolescence and stability through late adolescence. For females who reported higher than average discrimination, friendship intimacy had a protective effect on their depressive symptoms.
Spectacle and Secrecy: Press Coverage of Conjoined Twins in 1950s Britain

In the early 1950s, when the National Health Service (NHS) was still in its infancy, the British public was gripped by news reports of two attempts at the surgical separation of conjoined twins. The first operation involved one-year-old twin girls from Kano, Nigeria. The twins were xiphopagus (joined at the lower sternum) and shared a liver, separation was attempted at London's Hammersmith Hospital in December 1953. One child survived. In February 1955 news broke of the birth of craniophagus twins (joined at the head) in Keighley, West Yorkshire. Separation of the month-old girls was attempted at London's University College Hospital, but neither child survived.
Lymphocytic alveolitis is associated with the accumulation of functionally impaired HIV-specific T cells in the lung of antiretroviral therapy-naive subjects.

RATIONALE Lymphocytic alveolitis in HIV-1-infected individuals is associated with multiple pulmonary complications and a poor prognosis. Although lymphocytic alveolitis has been associated with viremia and an increased number of CD8(+) T cells in the lung, its exact cause is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine if HIV-1-specific T cells are associated with lymphocytic alveolitis in HIV-1-infected individuals. METHODS Using blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from normal control subjects and untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, we examined the frequency and functional capacity of HIV-1-specific T cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We found that HIV-1-specific T cells were significantly elevated in the BAL compared with blood of HIV-1-infected individuals and strongly correlated with T-cell alveolitis. Expression of Ki67, a marker of in vivo proliferation, was significantly reduced on HIV-1-specific T cells in BAL compared with blood, suggesting a diminished proliferative capacity. In addition, HIV-1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in BAL had higher expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and lower cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expression than those in the blood. A strong correlation between PD-1, but not CTLA-4, and HIV-1-specific T-cell proliferation was seen, and blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway augmented HIV-1-specific T-cell proliferation, suggesting that the PD-1 pathway was the main cause of reduced proliferation in the lung. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that alveolitis associated with HIV-1 infection is caused by the recruitment of HIV-1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to the lung. These antigen-specific T cells display an impaired proliferative capacity that is caused by increased expression of PD-1.
[Use of antidepressants among children and adolescents--did the warnings lead to fewer prescriptions?].

BACKGROUND Use of antidepressants (especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and venlafaxine) for treatment of children and adolescents with major depression, anxiety disorders or obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) has been discussed, because of marginal effects and an increased risk for suicidal thoughts and actions. The European and Norwegian health authorities issued a series of warnings and recommendations from the summer 2003 till the summer of 2005. The newly established Norwegian Prescription Database was used to investigate whether these warnings have had an effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS The number of SSRI users was compared monthly to the number of venlafaxine users in the period 2004 to 2006. Users below 18 of age were compared to those aged 18 or above. New users of SSRIs and venlafaxine in 2005 and 2006 were characterized according to age, gender and the medical specialty of the doctor giving the first prescription for the drugs. RESULTS The SSRIs/venlafaxine user proportion for those below 18 years of age was 17% lower in 2005 than in 2004. Among older users the number rose by 2%. Fluoxetin was the most frequently prescribed drug among young first time users. Non-specialist MDs prescribed most of the drugs. INTERPRETATION Antidepressants are used less by children and adolescents in Norway than in many other countries, but the warnings against SSRIs and venlafaxine seem to have had an effect anyway. Also the official recommendation to use fluoxetine seems to have been followed.
Entrepreneurs Entering The Higher Education Market To Make A Difference: The Kenney College Of Entrepreneurship

Higher education today is becoming more complex than ever and entrepreneurs are capitalizing on this market by making it more competitive and, hopefully, better. The Kenney College of Entrepreneurship, as one example, leverages the strengths of the established online operating systems in higher education, while implementing innovative strategies that will enhance studentprofessor interaction and student learning in a cyber environment. The key to the Kenney College of Entrepreneurship’s strategy is appreciating the fact that entrepreneurs tend to learn differently than most other students and are interested in having some control in designing their learning outcomes. Therefore, this case discusses an innovative student-professor pedagogical model that is employed by the Kenney College of Entrepreneurship. The model strives to satisfy each student’s internal locus of control and the college’s desire to build a premium brand by emphasizing the humanistic, scholarly, and practical aspects of entrepreneurship. The case further discusses some of the challenges and opportunities facing educators and administrators.
Koninginins R-S from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis

Abstract Two new metabolites named koninginins R-S (1–2) were isolated from the culture of Trichoderma koningiopsis YIM PH30002. Their chemical structures were elucidated by the extensive spectroscopic analysis. These isolated compounds showed certain antifungal activities against phytopathogens, Fusarium flocciferum and Fusarium oxysporum.
Relationship Lending and Conservative Accounting? Empirical Evidence from Private Firms

This is the first study which analyzes the effect of relationship lending on accounting conservatism for private firms, and how this affects corporate finance. Based on a database containing the financial accounting data of approx. 8,600 private German firms, we first show that relationship lending is positively associated with the level of accounting conservatism, even when controlling for leverage and other factors. Relationship lending is measured by the proportion of loans provided by the main lender. Accounting conservatism is proxied by cumulative non-operating accruals and a novel conservatism score, both of which tend to considerably reflect unconditional conservatism. Second, we find that the cost of debt increases with the level of accounting conservatism. Third, we observe that relationship lending positively affects the amount of trade credit. Suppliers seem to interpret the existence of a lending relationship as an indication of a firm's creditworthiness. The results suggest that unconditional conservatism goes hand in hand with lending relationships even controlling for taxation issues. Our findings match the theoretical literature on implicit lending contracts. This literature claims that relationship lenders attempt to retain superior information to realize information rents that compensate for losses when lending to young firms and to firms in financial distress. Unconditional accounting conservatism may be used as a tool to retain superior information and to enhance implicit contracting.
A natural-language approach to biomimetic design

Abstract This paper summarizes various aspects of identifying and applying biological analogies in engineering design using a natural-language approach. To avoid the immense as well as potentially biased task of creating a biological database specifically for engineering design, the chosen approach searches biological knowledge in natural-language format, such as books and papers, for instances of keywords describing the engineering problem. Strategies developed to facilitate this search are identified, and how text descriptions of biological phenomena are used in problem solving is summarized. Several application case studies are reported to illustrate the approach. The value of the natural-language approach is demonstrated by its ability to identify relevant biological analogies that are not limited to those entered into a database specifically for engineering design.
Properties of an Escherichia coli cytotoxin

Isoelectric focusing of a heat-labile cytotoxin of Escherichia coli H30 revealed the presence of two molecular variants, pI 7.2 and a comparatively small quantity of pI 6.8. Predominant component pI 7.2 had a molecular weight of 28,000, induced some fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops, and showed no morphological response in Y-1 cells but a strong cytotoxic effect on Vero cells.
Survival-apoptosis associated signaling in GNE myopathy-cultured myoblasts

Abstract GNE Myopathy (GNEM) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the GNE gene. It is a slowly progressive distal and proximal muscle weakness sparing the quadriceps. In this study, we applied our model of mutated M743T GNE enzyme skeletal muscle-cultured myoblasts and paired healthy controls to depict the pattern of signaling proteins controlling survival and/or apoptosis of the PI3K/AKT, BCL2, ARTS/XIAP pathways, examined the effects of metabolic changes/stimuli on their expression and activation, and their potential role in GNEM. Immunoblot analysis of the GNEM myoblasts indicated a notable increased level of activated PTEN and PDK1 and a trend of relative differences in the expression and activation of the examined signaling molecules with variability among the cultures. ANOVA analysis showed a highly significant interaction between the level of PTEN and the patients groups. In parallel, the interaction between the level of BCL2, BAX and PTEN with the specific PI3K/AKT inhibitor-LY294002 was highly significant for BCL2 and nearly significant for PTEN and BAX. The pattern of the ARTS/XIAP signaling proteins of GNEM and the paired controls was variable, with no significant differences between the two cell types. The response of the GNEM cells to the metabolic changes/stimuli: serum depletion and insulin challenge, as indicated by expression of selected signaling proteins, was variable and similar to the control cells. Taken together, our observations provide a clearer insight into specific signaling molecules influencing growth and survival of GNEM muscle cells.
Hand-assisted Laparoscopic Aortoiliac Surgery: Preliminary Report of 25 cases

Abstract Introduction: Since a few years vascular surgeons are developing laparoscopic vascular techniques. We report our preliminary results in this area, using the hand-assisted technique. Materials and methods: Twenty-five patients were operated between February and December 2001 using the HandPort®-system. Indications were occlusive aortoiliac disease or infrarenal aortoiliac aneurysmal disease. Results: Mean operating time was 180’; mean aortic clamping time was 37’; mean blood loss was 521 mL. Mean laparotomy length was 7,9 cm. A conversion to a larger laparotomy was necessary in two patients. Mean hospital stay was seven days. Operative mortality was 4% (one postoperative death). Conclusions: Hand-assisted laparoscopic aortoiliac surgery is feasible in community hospital settings.
The Role of Quality in Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya

In today’s business environment, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) cannot afford to ignore the strategic implications of quality for its competitive position. Research shows that most SMEs lose between 5%-15% of sales revenue as a result of the lack of attention to quality. Of the limited research available, it appears that SMEs have been very slow to implement formal quality models, and where they have, the outcomes are inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of quality in growth of SMEs in Kenya. The study focused on manufacturing SMEs that are based in Nairobi and its environs.The study adopted an exploratory approach using a descriptive survey. Stratified random sampling was used and each stratum represented a sub-sector. The sub-sectors are agro-based, chemical and mining and finally engineering and construction. In order to collect the relevant data, a semi-structured questionnaire, interview schedule (structured) and an observation checklist were developed. To ascertain the validity and reliability of questionnaire, interview and observation schedules a pre-test and pilot survey was conducted. The data collection instruments were finally issued to all the 123 firms identified. The response rate was 100%. Statistical analyses were conducted using statistical package for social scientist (SPSS) to calculate descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, F-test and regression. Results showed that; majority (72%) of the manufacturing SMEs had adopted quality or are implementing quality initiatives; forty five (45%) percent of the SMEs adopting quality are in the agro-based sub sector. Overall, the SMEs level of quality initiatives implementation is below average (mean = 3.49). The results are indicative of the reluctance of SMEs to adopt quality initiatives.Analysis of variance was used to analyze the degree of relationship between the variables in the study. The overall results indicated that entrepreneurial management (EM), marketing orientation (MO) and capacity enhancement of employees had significant linear relationship with quality. The study also established that there is no link between investment in technology and adoption of quality. The main finding of this study is that quality has a positive influence on growth of an organization. The results support the notion that SMEs committed to adoption of quality do obtain results. Multiple regression analysis was also done to determine the group of factors proposed together predict adoption of quality.The study recommends that SMEs must know what quality management is and what comprises quality management if they are to implement them in their firms. Kenya Bureau of Standards and non-governmental organizations should develop quality management programs specifically for manufacturing SMEs.
Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the liver of diabetic rats: a morphological and biochemical study

Parsley is used by diabetics in Turkey to reduce blood glucose. The present study aims to investigate both the morphological and biochemical effects of parsley on liver tissue. Rat hepatocytes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Degenerative changes were observed in the hepatocytes of diabetic rats. These degenerative changes were significantly reduced or absent in the hepatocytes of diabetic rats treated with parsley. Blood glucose levels, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were observed to be raised in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats treated with parsley demonstrated significantly lower levels of blood glucose, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. The present study suggests that parsley demonstrates a significant hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.