Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Ecological Footprint Calculation for the Australian Water Industry : Regionalisation and Inclusion of Downstream Impacts

A new calculation of the Ecological Footprint (EF) of a water provider addresses limitations in the previous methodology by regionalising a previously national input-output model, and determining the area of disturbance caused by environmental toxicants not considered in the traditional EF model. In a first step, the regional input-output model determines indirect ef fects of water services activities in the form of point sources of pollutants. Accuracy is im proved by hybridisation using "process data" to account for the direct environmental burden of the water service. The accuracy of the input-output model is improved by reconciling data sources; calibrating concordance tables and employing optimisation techniques to deal with conflicting data sources. The second step involves a nested fate model, which follows the fate of the point source emissions at several spatial scales. The final output provides an indication of the direct and indirect burden connected with the water business, throughout its entire upstream supply chains. This proposed EF methodology improves on previous EF methodologies by avoiding exclusive reliance on national average data, and by including toxicants in a disturbance-based calculation analogous to the established inclusion of green house gases in EF, making it more comprehensive. It is hoped that the additional detail and comprehensiveness will make the new method a more effective environmental reporting and communications tool for the Australian water industry. This generic approach to environ mental reporting may potentially be applied to other economic activities.
Reservation bid and ask prices for options and covered warrants : portfolio effects

In this paper we show that marginal reservation option prices for riskaverse investors with an existing option portfolio depend on the difference in portfolio hedging costs with and without the marginal option position. If costs increase as a result of the transaction, reservation ask (sell) prices are higher and reservation bid (buy) prices lower; if they decrease reservation ask prices decrease (bid prices increase), reflecting the cost savings. Optimal portfolio hedging costs reflect the portfolio’s risk and increase more than proportionally with portfolio size; thus marginal reservation per-option prices decrease monotonically as the investor’s inventory holdings increase. This provides an alternative partial explanation for the consistent empirical observation that prices of covered warrants and other structured products are significantly higher than the prices of corresponding traded options. The model generates additional implications for option prices and bid-ask spreads, some consistent with prior empirical evidence, others requiring further empirical testing.
Differential Mangroves Degradation Rates : Case of Tudor and Mwache Creeks , Mombasa , Kenya

Limited economic opportunities and legislations in the Kenyan coast led to widespread mangroves degradation. This was despite the recognition that mangroves capture about 3-5 times more carbon per unit area than any vegetated ecosystem. Globally, studies assessing differential degradation rates are limited and rarely existent in Kenyan scenario. This study sought to establish the disparities in degradation rates along the Kenyan coastline by assessing two highly impacted creeks: Tudor and Mwache in a peri-urban setting as a case study. The total ecosystem carbon stock was estimated at 131.64±57.3C t ha -1 comprising of 66.22±6.3t/ha AGC, 20.7±0.2t ha -1 BGC and 44.34±2.05C t ha -1 SOC and 293.35±47.2t ha -1 comprising of 87.35±38.66t ha -1 AGC; 30.28±13.22t ha -1 BGC and 175.71±46.72C t ha -1
Ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi modi fi es the lactate response in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and Coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

Although Caligus rogercresseyi negatively impacts Chilean salmon farming, the metabolic effects of infection by this sea louse have never been completely characterized. Therefore, this study analyzed lactate responses in the plasma, as well as the liver/muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and gene expression, in Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus kisutch infested by C. rogercresseyi. The lactate responses of Atlantic and Coho salmon were modified by the ectoparasite. Both salmon species showed increasing in plasma levels, whereas enzymatic activity increased in the muscle but decreased in the liver. Gene expression was overexpressed in both Coho salmon tissues but only in the liver for Atlantic salmon. These results suggest that salmonids need more energy to adapt to infection, resulting in increased gene expression, plasma levels, and enzyme activity in the muscles. The responses differed between both salmon species and over the course of infection, suggesting potential speciesspecific responses to sea-lice infection.
Evaluation of polyhalite in comparison to muriate of potash for corn grain yield in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

Recent exploration of new multi-nutrient potassium fertilizers such as polyhalite and a lack of understanding of their effects on corn grain yield performance motivated establishing six corn (Zea mays L.) fertilizer trials in the Southern Highland region of Tanzania, under rain-fed conditions, in 2015. The objective was to determine whether applying 20 kg ha -1 of K2O from two different sources together with the recommended practice of 120 and 30 kg ha -1 of N and P2O5, respectively, with no K2O, increases corn grain yields. Fertilizer treatments were: 1) Control in which no fertilizer was applied; 2) Recommended practice of 120 and 30kg ha -1 of N and P2O5(NP); 3) NP + 20 kg ha -1 of K2O as Muriate of Potash (MOP); 4) NP + 20 kg ha -1 of K2O as Polyhalite (POLY4); and 5) NP + MOP + 28 kg S ha -1 as Kieserite (MOP + Kieserite). Kieserite was applied at a rate to balance the S applied in the POLY4 treatment. Measured variables were grain yield, stover weight, number of cobs, vigour and plant populations. Treatments of interest were compared by using single degree freedom linear contrasts. All fertilizer treatments significantly outperformed the Control at all locations. The NP, POLY4 and MOP+Kieserite treatments had significantly higher grain yields than MOP at one, two and two out of six locations, respectively. Similarly, NP, POLY4 and MOP+Kieserite treatments had numerically higher grain yields at four, five and five locations, respectively over MOP. When averaged across the six locations, NP, POLY4 and MOP+Kieserite treatments had grain yields 357, 621 and 662 kg ha -1 higher than MOP, respectively. These results indicate the importance of sulphur nutrition for corn and that POLY4 is a source of sulphur and potassium for corn production in the Southern Highland regions of Tanzania.
C CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY FOR QINGHAI LAKE IN CHINA

Radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) techniques were used to date total organic carbon and plant seeds in the 1Fs core sequence (36°48′N, 100°08′E) from Qinghai Lake, China. This core was drilled ~18 m into Qinghai Lake sediments as part of an international cooperative research project, “Scientific Drilling at Qinghai Lake in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: High-Resolution Paleoenvironmental Records of Eastern Asia Linked to Global Change,” which began in 2004. Based on the differences in lithology and total organic content (TOC) in core 1Fs, the core was divided into 3 sections for age-modeling purposes: the upper ~499 cm lacustrine silty clay to clay; the middle unit of silty clay with silt layers from 499–901 cm; and the lower 901–1861 cm silty clay, loess-like silt, and fine sand layers. Three different approaches are applied to the reservoir age problem. First, a simple linear regression gives an offset of 1342 yr. If the core is divided into three sections, linear regressions can be applied separately for the three segments, which results in an age estimate for the average hardwater effect of ~135 yr BP for the surface section up to 499 cm. If extrapolated for deeper sections, these results imply a higher reservoir offset for those two sections, which may be as much as 1143 and 2523 yr, but this assumes that there are no discontinuities in the core. A third approach using a wiggle-matching approach gave an offset of 196 yr. This study concludes that the reservoir age of Qinghai Lake is complex, but these new data add to our understanding of the 14C chronology of Qinghai Lake for the last 32 ka.
Temperament and Aggression

In this chapter, we review theory and research regarding the role of temperament in the development of aggressivebehavior in children and adolescents. Recent conceptualizations of temperament define the construct as biologically based individual differences in the domains of motivation, affect, inhibitory control, and attention (Rothbart & Bates, 2006). Temperament is lJelieved to be relatively stable across time and contexts (Rothbart, 2007). Furthermore, theorists recognize the impact of socialization on the stability and change of temperament across development (Rothbart & Derryberry, 1981). Using this framework, we identify temperamental constructs associated with aggressive behavior across development and examine their utility for understanding trajectories of aggression in childhood and adolescence.
THERMAL SENSATION AND THERMOREGULATION IN ELDERLY COMPARED TO YOUNG PEOPLE IN JAPANESE WINTER SEASON

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the thermal comfort requirements of elderly people compared to college-age people. Subjects were exposed to five conditions: 23C, 25 C, 27 C, 29 C, 31 C with 60%Rh under insensible air flow. We obtained responses to a thermal comfort questionnaire and thermophysiological data to better clarify the relationship between thermophysiological responses and thermal comfort. In all experimental conditions there was little difference in EWL between the younger and older group although the metabolic rate for the elderly group was only 70% that of the younger group. Overall elderly people’s reported thermal sensations were cooler than the younger people. The elderly subjects’ mean skin temperature was higher at 23C and lower at 31C than the younger subjects. It appears that, compared to younger people, elderly people have reduced warmth sensitivity in cold seasons and similarly reduced cold sensitivity in hot seasons. INDEX TERMS Thermal comfort, Elderly people, Thermal sensation, PMV, Mean skin temperature INTRODUCTION A recent field survey found that the living room air temperature during the winter where only elderly people were living was 4 C lower than that in homes where elderly people lived together with a younger family. It was found that not only do young people wear less clothing than elderly people but also that young people prefer a warmer environment (Tsuzuki et al. 2001). The purpose of the current study is to first, investigate the preferred temperature of Japanese elderly people in the winter season. And second, to compare the physiological responses in elderly and younger people wearing an uniform clothing. We collected thermophysiological data to better clarify the relationship between thermoregulation and thermal comfort. METHODS Test chamber The experiments were carried out in climatic chambers. The climatic chambers were 5.0m x 4.5m x 2.7m in Advanced Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Tsubuka Japan and 3.2m x 4.3m x 2.7m in Japanese Industrial Standards Center, Tsukuba, Japan. The five environmental conditions (23C/60%Rh, 25C/60%Rh, 27 C /60%Rh, 29 C/60%Rh, 31 C /60%Rh) were estimated to compare thermal comfort and thermoregulation in the thermoneutral zone in winter season. Air velocity (v) was maintained at less than 0.2 m/s. And mean radiant temperatures were equal to the ambient temperatures because the walls were covered by cloth curtains. Proceedings: Indoor Air 2002
Criticism on Environmental Assessment Tools

Using environmental assessment tools to assess the sustainability of buildings, homes and mixed- use area is increasing. Environmental tools assign scores to projects using some sustainability (sub) aspects according to design and realization documents and evidences. Six European sustainable urban area development projects have been evaluated according to the aspects of BREAAM. The evaluation is compared with actual projects outputs. The study shows, however, that these tools still unable to estimate the actual project outputs of sustainable projects as sustainable measures and technologies can turn out differently in the use-phase. Also the influence of project end-users is underestimated and not considered properly in these tools.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN TINAU RIVER WATER IN RUPANDEHI DISTRICT , NEPAL

We present an extensive investigation of physico-chemical parameters of water samples of Tinau River at Butwal. Water samples under investigations were collected from Jhomsa, Dobhan Chidiya Khola and Butwal Tinau sampling station during pre monsoon (April-May), monsoon (July-August) and post monsoon (October-November) seasons in the year 2012. The observed values of different physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, turbidity, total hardness (TH) Chloride, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity of samples were compared with standard values recommended by world health organization (WHO). The result indicated the various ranges with temperature 14.05-30.95°C, transparency 26.2 to 119.65 cm, TDS ranged from 163.8 to 265.7 mg/L, turbidity from 8.81 to 9.72 NTU, electrical conductivity varied from 91 to 94.5 μs/cm, pH from 7.45-7.77, alkalinity from 29.55 to 33.95 mg/L, total hardness from 113.5 to 172.2 mg/L, DO 6.81 to 8.23 mg/L, chloride value ranged from 7.33 to 8.24 mg/L and total nitrogen from 0.629 to 0.76, total phosphorus ranged from 0.76 to 1.13 mg/L. All the physicochemical parameters are within the standard for drinking water except turbidity and pH (Butwal station) and raw water source for potable abstraction.
Environmental Implications of Pancheshwar Dam in Uttarakhand (Central Himalaya), India

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 116, NO. 9, 10 MAY 2019 1483 S. P. Sati is in the Department of Environment Science, VCSG University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Uttarakhand 246 123, India; Shubhra Sharma is in the Department of Earth and Environmental Science, IISER-Mohali, Mohali 140 306, India; Naresh Rana is in the National Centre for Seismology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India; Harsh Dobhal is in the School of Media and Communication Studies, Doon University, Dehradun 248 001, India; Navin Juyal is in the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, India. *For correspondence. (e-mail: shubhra@iisermohali.ac.in) Environmental implications of Pancheshwar dam in Uttarakhand (Central Himalaya), India
Impact of stem extracts of yellow oleander , Thevetia neriifolia ( Apocynaceae ) on the feeding potential of IV Instars of gram pod borer , Helicoverpa armigera Hübner ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae )

Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest that infests cotton, tomato, chickpea, pigeon pea, maize, sorghum, sunflower, groundnut and many other crops, inflicting substantial crop losses every year (Talekar et al., 2006). This noctuid pest has a high fecundity and a short generation time giving it great potential to increase rapidly. It has been reported to attack over 200 crop species belonging to 45 families leading to a yield loss tune to US$ 2 billion annually (ICRISAT, 2003).
Reflective Teaching: An Introduction

CONTENTS SERIES PREFACE Introduction Examining the Social Conditions of Schooling Understanding and Examining Personal Beliefs about Teaching and Schooling About the Books in this Series Series Acknowledgments PREFACE Acknowledgements 1. UNDERSTANDING REFLECTIVE TEACHING An Initial Distinction: Reflective Teaching and Technical Teaching On Reflective Teaching The Bandwagon of Reflective Teaching 2. HISTORICAL ROOTS OF REFLECTIVE TEACHING Introduction Dewey's Contribution: What is Reflective Teaching? Openmindedness Responsibility Wholeheartedness Reflection and the Pressures of Teaching Schon: "Reflection-on-Action" and "Reflection-in-Action" Framing and Reframing Problems Criticisms of Schon's Conception Reflection: A Singular or Dialogical Activity Reflection as Contextual Summary 3. TEACHERS' PRACTICAL THEORIES Introduction Handal and Lauvas' Framework for Understanding the Source of Teachers' Practical Theories Personal Experience Transmitted Knowledge Values Summary 4. THE STUFF OF REFLECTION Introduction Teaching as emotional labor Thinking and Feeling Metaphors and Images in Teacher Enabling Reflection on Teaching Conclusion 5. REFLECTIVE TEACHING AND EDUCATIONAL TRADITIONS Introduction Teachers, Traditions, and Teaching The Progressive Tradition The Conservative Tradition Core Knowledge - E. D. Hirsch Higher Learning The Social Justice Tradition The Spiritual-Contemplative Tradition Conclusion 6. SELF, STUDENT, AND CONTEXT IN REFLECTIVE TEACHING Introduction The Teaching Self Attending to Students The Context of Schooling The Social Conditions of Schooling Engaging Community and Difference One Last Vignette Concluding Thoughts. Appendix A References
The Icon Book: Visual Symbols for Computer Systems and Documentation

From the Publisher: User-interface icons are much more than on-screen decorations. Icons play an integral role in enhancing end-user productivity and an application's overall success. Written by a seasoned design professional, The Icon Book presents clear, step-by-step guidelines for designing instantly recognizable, fully understandable, and reliably memorable computer icons and icon sets for domestic and international use. You'll find heavily illustrated, research-based accounts on every aspect of the icon design process - from initial planning to refining and testing techniques - plus real-world insights for avoiding problems that can occur in translation to international markets. The Icon Book presents strategies and methods for encoding meaning in icons, developing iconic languages and a consistent design style, using color and other design tools, and achieving management goals; offers suggestions for representing complex, "unpicturable" concepts and indicates when not to use icons; and includes a comprehensive icon glossary. It is a valuable resource for user-interface designers, developers, computer-based trainers, graphic and multimedia designers, and technical writers.
Content Reading and Literacy: Succeeding in Today's Diverse Classrooms

Each chapter concludes with 'Summary,' 'Suggested Readings,' and 'References. ' 1.Content Literacy and the Reading Process. Assumptions Underlying Content Teaching. What It Means to be Literate. The Reading Process. 2.Language, Diversity, and Culture. Language as a Vehicle for Teaching and Learning Content. Diversity in Language and Learning. Teaching and Learning in Culturally Diverse Classrooms. 3.Planning for Content Literacy. Instructional Decision Making. Structured Frameworks for Content Literacy Lessons. Beyond the Daily Plan: Unit Planning. 4.Assessment of Students and Textbooks. Assessing Students. Assessing Textbooks. 5.Creating a Favorable Learning Environment. Affective Characteristics. Tracking and Other Forms of Grouping. Instructional Resources. Homework. 6.Preparing to Read. The Role of Prior Knowledge. Assessing and Building Prior Knowledge. Activating Prior Knowledge with Prereading Guides. 7.Reading To Learn. How Students Learn. Questions and Questioning. Sensing and Responding to Text Structure. Constructing Meaning with Text. Integrating Other Language Processes. 8.Increasing Vocabulary and Conceptual Growth. Learning Words and Concepts. How Students Learn Vocabulary. Teaching Vocabulary. Developing Students Independence. Reinforcing Vocabulary. 9.Reflecting on Reading. Promoting Discussion and Reflection. Guiding Student Reflection. Writing as Reflection. 10.Studying and Learning Through Inquiry. Prerequisites for Effective Studying. Preparing for Tests. Using Study Strategies. Writing to Inquire. 11.Developing Lifetime Readers: Literature in Content Area Classes. Benefits of Using Literature in Content Areas. Encouraging Responses to Literature. Integrating Literature into Content Areas. Developing Awareness of Diversity through Literature. 12.Personalizing Professional Growth. Contrasting Models of Professional Growth. Culturally Responsive Professional Growth. Role of Research in Personalizing Professional Growth. Appendix A: Word Lover's Booklist. Appendix B: Read-Aloud Books for Content Areas. Appendix C: Culturally Conscious Trade Books. Author Index. Subject Index.
Temporal event conceptualisation

This paper describes a system that performs Temporal Event Recognition, ie. , the task of forming causal and conceptual descriptions of stimulii given to a system over a period of time. A temporal logic that integrates state based and interval based representations is is used to represent and maintain knowledge about the temporal relationships between events. A knowledge based system is then constructed that uses this temporal knowledge to generate higher level conceptual abstractions that describe the events occurring at the input. An implementation of the system called MUSE is described and examples of the system working in a Blocks world are presented.
Object-oriented and classical software engineering

From the Publisher: Classical and Object-Oriented Software Engineering is designed for an introductory software engineering course. This book provides an excellent introduction to software engineering fundamentals,covering both traditional and object-oriented techniques. Schach's unique organization and style makes it excellent for use in a classroom setting. It presents the underlying software engineering theory in Part I and follows it up with the more practical life-cycle material in Part II. Many software engineering books are more like reference books,which do not provide the appropriate fundamentals before inundating students with implementation details. In this edition,more practical material has been added to help students understand how to use what they are learning. This has been done through the use of "How To" boxes and greater implementation detail in the case study. Additionally,the new edition contains the references to the most current literature and includes an overview of extreme programmming. The website in this edition will be more extensive. It will include Solutions,PowerPoints that incorporate lecture notes,newly developed self-quiz questions,and source code for the term project and case study.
Next Generation Wireless LANs: 802.11n and 802.11ac

If you've been searching for a way to get up to speed on IEEE 802.11n and 802.11ac WLAN standards without having to wade through the entire specification, then look no further. This comprehensive overview describes the underlying principles, implementation details and key enhancing features of 802.11n and 802.11ac. For many of these features the authors outline the motivation and history behind their adoption into the standard. A detailed discussion of key throughput, robustness, and reliability enhancing features (such as MIMO, multi-user MIMO, 40/80/160 MHz channels, transmit beamforming and packet aggregation) is given, plus clear summaries of issues surrounding legacy interoperability and coexistence. Now updated and significantly revised, this 2nd edition contains new material on 802.11ac throughput, including revised chapters on MAC and interoperability, plus new chapters on 802.11ac PHY and multi-user MIMO. An ideal reference for designers of WLAN equipment, network managers, and researchers in the field of wireless communications.