Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Class, Income, and Class Consciousness of Labor Fishers

There have been debates on the role of class in “influencing” income inequality in contemporary societies. Some argue that class position is no longer relevant in determing one’s income, while others argue that class still counts. Therefore, it is very interesting to investigate relations between class structure and income among fishers in Indonesia. Furthermore, Marxian argued that class position will determine class consciousness. Therefore, it is interesting to study the class consciousness of labor fishers in Indonesia. Analyzing relations between class structure and income as well as class consciousness of labor fishers in Indonesia is especially very interesting and important since fishers have a very typical patront-client relationships. Moreover, study of this subject in Indonesia is still limited. This study has three main objectives: first to investigate the class structure of fishers and how this structure has been formed, second to analyse the income of fishers in different class locations, and third to analyze class consciousness of labor fishers. This study uses combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The study was conducted in Indramayu, West Java in 2013. Our analysis shows that the class structure of fishers consists of four main classes, namely large-scale, medium-scale, small-scale, and labor classes. These classes have been formed through complex and long processes, including the so-called “modernization” programmes promoted by the government. In term of income, the study shows that there are significant differences of income among fishers in different class locations. The Gini Ratio is very high, that is 0.88. Thus, class structure does influence fishers’ income significantly. Furthermore, this study finds that class consciousness of labor fishers has not fully developed yet. Labor class is a class in itself, but not class for itself. © 2014 Journal of Rural Indonesia [JoRI] IPB. All rights reserved. Keywords: fishers, class structure, income, class consciousness
TIMING AND FLUX EVOLUTION OF THE GALACTIC CENTER MAGNETAR SGR J1745−2900

We present the X-ray timing and spectral evolution of the Galactic Center magnetar SGR J1745−2900 for the first ∼4 months post-discovery using data obtained with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and Swift observatories. Our timing analysis reveals a large increase in the magnetar spin-down rate by a factor of 2.60 ± 0.07 over our data span. We further show that the change in spin evolution was likely coincident with a bright X-ray burst observed in 2013 June by Swift, and if so, there was no accompanying discontinuity in the frequency. We find that the source 3–10 keV flux has declined monotonically by a factor of ∼2 over an 80 day period post-outburst accompanied by a ∼20% decrease in the source's blackbody temperature, although there is evidence for both flux and kT having leveled off. We argue that the torque variations are likely to be magnetospheric in nature and will dominate over any dynamical signatures of orbital motion around Sgr A*.
Re-Evaluating the Value of Modern Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing Models Based on Behavioral Insights from Benjamin Graham's Value Investing Paradigm

Modern Portfolio Theory, the Capital Asset Pricing Model, and the Efficient Market Hypothesis are cornerstone concepts in both academic and professional curricula. In spite of their long history and reputation, the CAPM and its extensions do not yield satisfactory empirical results. We argue that this is because these models ignore the impact of human behavior in financial markets. We present a critique of these standard models using behavioral insights from Benjamin Graham’s value investing paradigm. We propose that if, instead of getting fixated on investors’ optimal rational decision making, we adopt Benjamin Graham’s value investing perspective which explicitly acknowledges that investor decision making is by definition imperfect due to psychological biases, we could derive better investment decision making processes.
THE PATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF OVARIAN NEOPLASMS V: THE GERM CELL TUMOURS ‐ PART I

&NA; All neoplasms of the ovary encountered in a 25‐yr study period at King George V Memorial Hospital were classified according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) Histological Classification of Ovarian Tumours. Of just fewer than 1700 tumours, 467 fell into the category designated as germ cell tumours: 4 dysgerminomas, one endodermal sinus tumour, one primary choriocarcinoma, 6 immature and 454 mature teratomas and one mixed malignant germ cell tumour. Two additional cases of gonadoblastoma with associated dysgerminoma were encountered and included for discussion. A detailed histological assessment is presented and the major clinical correlates are documented.
Health insurance coverage and use of eye care services.

OBJECTIVE To compare realized access or use of eye care services in adults with self-reported vision problems in Canada and the United States. METHODS Using the Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health, we examined the differences in use of eye care services in 2018 Canadian respondents and 2930 American respondents with self-reported vision problems. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to estimate the probability that individuals with vision problems and various insurance categories would visit an eye care professional. RESULTS Approximately 8.2% of Americans with self-reported vision problems did not have health insurance. Americans without health insurance had the lowest age-adjusted rate of use of eye care services (42%) compared with Americans with private health insurance (67%) or public health insurance (55%) and Canadians (56%). The difference in use of eye care services between Americans without health insurance and Canadians narrowed when adjusted for income level and was almost eliminated when adjusted for having optional vision insurance. Individuals with optional vision insurance and those with higher income levels were more likely to use eye care services. CONCLUSIONS Americans with vision problems who had health insurance accessed eye care services at a rate higher than or equal to that of their Canadian counterparts. The gap in access between Canadians and Americans without health insurance narrowed after adjustments for income level and optional vision insurance.
Natural and Anthropogenic Aerosol Trends from Satellite and Surface Observations and Model Simulations over the North Atlantic Ocean from 2002 to 2012

AbstractAerosols contribute to Earth’s radiative budget both directly and indirectly, and large uncertainties remain in quantifying aerosol effects on climate. Variability in aerosol distribution and properties, as might result from changing emissions and transport processes, must be characterized. In this study, variations in aerosol loading across the eastern seaboard of the United States and the North Atlantic Ocean during 2002 to 2012 are analyzed to examine the impacts of anthropogenic emission control measures using monthly mean data from MODIS, AERONET, and IMPROVE observations and Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model simulation. MODIS observes a statistically significant negative trend in aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the midlatitudes (−0.030 decade−1). Correlation analyses with surface AOD from AERONET sites in the upwind region combined with trend analysis from GOCART component AOD confirm that the observed decrease in the midlatitudes is chiefly associated with an.
Mayo Clinic Experience With Very Rare Exocrine Pancreatic Neoplasms

Objectives: Limited data are available to guide the management of very rare exocrine neoplasms of the pancreas (VREP). Available evidence suggests that VREP have different risk factors and prognoses from those of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The primary objectives for this study were to determine the survival, comorbidities, and response to treatment of patients seen at Mayo Clinic with VREP. Methods: We reviewed patients from 1975 to 2005 who had VREP and compared them to patients with adenocarcinomas that were matched for TNM, grade, and decade of treatment. Results: Sixty-six patients with VREP were identified. The most commonly identified neoplasms were acinar cell carcinoma (n = 15), small cell carcinoma (n = 12), and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 8). Abdominal discomfort and jaundice were the most common presenting symptoms. The median overall survival for patients with VREP, 10.4 months (range, 3.7-23 months), was better than that for matched controls, 8.2 months (range, 4-15.4 months) (P = 0.01). There was no difference in the survival of patients with stage 4 disease between cases, 8 months (range, 2.3-21.8 months), and controls, 6.7 months (range, 2.3-10.8 months) (P = 0.17). Conclusions: We present one of the largest series of VREP to date. The overall survival of all patients with VREP was better than matched controls, but no statistical difference was seen between the groups with stage 4 disease.
Serum Heat Shock Protein 27 Is Increased in Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Carcinoma

Objectives: A prior study suggested serum heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) as a potential marker for pancreatic carcinoma, but its accuracy in differentiating cancer from chronic pancreatitis was not evaluated. We aimed to analyze HSP27 levels in pancreatic carcinoma, chronic pancreatitis, and healthy subjects and assess its diagnostic efficacy. Methods: Pretreatment serums from 58 pancreatic carcinoma, 44 chronic pancreatitis, and 102 control subjects were collected. Serum HSP27 and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Results: Heat shock protein 27 levels were significantly higher in cancer and pancreatitis compared with control (P < 0.001 for both), but no significant difference was noted between cancer and pancreatitis (P = 0.978). By logistic regression, HSP27 was a significant predictor of differentiation between cancer and control (P < 0.0001) but not between cancer and pancreatitis (P = 0.885). At a cutoff of 1650 ng/L, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating cancer from healthy control were 62.1% and 95.1%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed a greater area under curve for CA19-9 compared with HSP27 in differentiating between cancer and control (0.92 and 0.84, respectively, P = 0.014). Conclusions: Serum HSP27 is increased in both chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. It should not be recommended as a diagnostic marker for pancreatic carcinoma.
What Does Sleeping Brain Tell About Stress? A Pilot Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study Into Stress-Related Cortical Hemodynamic Features During Sleep

People with mental stress often experience disturbed sleep, suggesting stress-related abnormalities in brain activity during sleep. However, no study has looked at the physiological oscillations in brain hemodynamics during sleep in relation to stress. In this pilot study, we aimed to explore the relationships between bedtime stress and the hemodynamics in the prefrontal cortex during the first sleep cycle. We tracked the stress biomarkers, salivary cortisol, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) on a daily basis and utilized the days of lower levels of measured stress as natural controls to the days of higher levels of measured stress. Cortical hemodynamics was measured using a cutting-edge wearable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. Time-domain, frequency-domain features as well as nonlinear features were derived from the cleaned hemodynamic signals. We proposed an original ensemble algorithm to generate an average importance score for each feature based on the assessment of six statistical and machine learning techniques. With all channels counted in, the top five most referred feature types are Hurst exponent, mean, the ratio of the major/minor axis standard deviation of the Poincaré plot of the signal, statistical complexity, and crest factor. The left rostral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) was the most relevant sub-region. Significantly strong correlations were found between the hemodynamic features derived at this sub-region and all three stress indicators. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is also a relevant cortical area. The areas of mid-DLPFC and caudal-DLPFC both demonstrated significant and moderate association to all three stress indicators. No relevance was found in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The preliminary results shed light on the possible role of the RLPCF, especially the left RLPCF, in processing stress during sleep. In addition, our findings echoed the previous stress studies conducted during wake time and provides supplementary evidence on the relevance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in stress responses during sleep. This pilot study serves as a proof-of-concept for a new research paradigm to stress research and identified exciting opportunities for future studies.
Discrete Time Hazard Modeling of Large Motor Carriers' Longitudinal Safety Performance

Multiple stakeholders have a vested interest in motor-carrier safety because it affects the welfare of the general public and companies' supply chain operations. This article develops new theory about motor carrier safety by utilizing processes from attention-based theory and new institutional theory to answer questions regarding carrier safety since the rollout of the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability (CSA) program. This research examines the propensity that carriers flagged for poor performance on hours-of-service (HOS) compliance when the program was fully implemented in late 2010 exited this status at least once during the subsequent 3.5 years. Conversely, it examines whether carriers not flagged for poor HOS performance at the start of the program come to receive a safety warning at least once during the subsequent 3.5 years. It further examines how carrier size affects these respective hazard rates. Hypothesized effects are tested using panel data from N = 484 large, for-hire carriers by fitting a series of discrete time hazard models. The results are consistent with the theory put forward. The article concludes by describing theoretical contributions, explaining managerial and public policy implications, noting limitations, and making recommendations for further inquiry.
Effect of Lipopolysaccharide on the Progression of Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Caloric Diet‐Fed Mice

The incidence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing. Because gut microbiota have been highlighted as one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, we investigated the involvement of the bacterial component in the progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to NASH. C57BL/6 mice were fed with maintenance food (MF, groups A and B) or a high caloric diet (HCD, groups C and D) for 1 month. Mice were then divided into four groups: Groups A and C were inoculated with PBS, while groups B and D were inoculated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The inoculations were performed a total of 3 times over 3 months. At 6 months, while hepatic steatosis was observed in groups C and D, cellular infiltration and fibrosis were less evident in group C than in group D. Inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in groups B and D. 16S rRNA pyrosequencing of whole colon homogenates containing faeces showed that certain bacterial groups, such as Bacteroidaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, were increased in groups C and D. Although loading of bacterial components (LPS) resulted in hepatic inflammation in both MF‐ and HCD‐fed mice, HCD feeding was more crucial in the progression of NAFL during the triggering phase.
Immunophenotype of blast cells in acute myeloid leukemia may be a useful predictive factor for outcome

The immunophenotype of peripheral blood blast cells was tested in 92 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), who were diagnosed and treated at single centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, from 1978‐1987 with a standard adriamycin, cytosine arabinoside and 6‐thioguanine regimen. Immunological analysis involved standard fluorescence flow cytometry and utilized 31 monoclonal antibodies to known myeloid antigens (of CD groups 11b, 11c, 13, 14, 15, 16, w17, 31, w32, 33, 34, 35 and 36), a number of relatively less well studied antibodies with potential specificity for AML, and a series of control antibodies to T and B lymphocytes, platelets, erythrocytes and of widespread distribution (CD45, leucocyte common; HLA‐DR). The results highlighted a number of antibodies with wide myeloid reactivity, in addition to CD13 and 33 (present in 66 per cent and 76 per cent of cases, respectively), which may be of immunodiagnostic use. A number of correlations between AML cell immunophenotype and FAB morphology subtype were found; in particular five antibodies (CD11c, 10.1, Tu3, CD15 and CD16), of both predominant granulocytic and monocytic reactivity, reacted with cells of AML‐M5 subtype (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between immunophenotype and clinical and pathological features at presentation. Correlation with clinical outcome was not a prominent feature, in contrast to some reports based on multicentre data. However, of particular note was the strong association between early death (at less than 2 months) and the coexpression of Leucocyte Function Associated (LFA) antigens, CD11b and 11c, on patient's blast cells (p=0.003). The relationship was independent of clinical features and persisted even if AML‐M5 cases were excluded. The significance of this latter finding is unclear, but may be related to the known role of CD11b and 11c LFA antigens in the cellular response to infection.
Faunistic study of the sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an emerging focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al Haouz province, Morocco

Abstract The Moroccan province of Al Haouz is an emerging focus of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica. In an entomological investigation of three communes in the province (Ourika, Stti Fatma and Rhmate), 3440 sandflies were collected on sticky traps in 2005–2007. Of the six Phlebotomus species caught, Phlebotomus papatasi (13.3% of the total collection), P. sergenti (12.8%) and P. perniciosus (12.8%) were predominant, followed by P. longicuspis (7.9%), P. ariasi (2.6%) and P. alexandri (1.1%). All the other sandflies were Sergentomyia fallax (24.2%), S. minuta (22.0%) or S. dreyfussi (3.4%). The distribution of these species among the many biotopes, at varying altitudes (667–1772 m), is discussed. When the variability of the P. sergenti populations in Ourika and Rhmate and those at two sites in northern Morocco (Taounate and Chefchaouene) was investigated by iso-enzyme analysis, seven polymorphic loci (PGI, PGM, HK, MDH1, ME, 6PGD and ACO) were identified. None of the investigated populations of P. sergenti was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for all the polymorphic loci. The results indicate that the taxon known as Phlebotomus sergenti in Morocco does not have the genetic characteristics of a single species.
Time‐dependent risk of depression, anxiety, and stress‐related disorders in patients with invasive and in situ breast cancer

Despite concerns about the mental health of breast cancer patients, little is known regarding the temporal risk pattern and risk factors of common mental disorders among these patients. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of depression, anxiety and stress‐related disorders in a Swedish nationwide cohort of 40,849 women with invasive and 4,402 women with in situ breast cancer (2001–2010, median follow‐up = 4.5 years). The impact of patient, tumor and treatment characteristics was analyzed using flexible parametric survival models in a regional cohort of 7,940 invasive breast cancer patients (2001–2013, median follow‐up = 7.5 years). Women with invasive breast cancer showed increased rates of depression, anxiety and stress‐related disorders [overall SIR (95% CI) = 1.57 (1.46–1.69), 1.55 (1.43–1.68) and 1.77 (1.60‐1.95), respectively]. SIRs were highest shortly after diagnosis, but remained increased up to 5 years. Younger age at diagnosis, comorbidity, higher‐grade disease, lymph node involvement and chemotherapy were independently associated with the risk of depression and anxiety in invasive cancer patients, with chemotherapy and higher‐grade disease conferring short‐term risk only, while comorbidities were mainly associated with late‐onset events. No clinical risk factors were identified for stress‐related disorders except for a greater risk associated with younger age. Patients with in situ cancer only showed an increased incidence of stress‐related disorders during the first 6 months after diagnosis [SIR (95% CI) = 2.76 (1.31‐5.79)]. The time‐dependent risk profile of invasive cancer patients may guide health care professionals for timely and targeted psycho‐oncologic interventions.
Molecular Characteristics of Bovine Serum Albumin-Dextran Conjugates

Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-dextran conjugates were prepared by using the Maillard reaction; depending on the ratio of dextran to BSA used, about 0.5–1 mol of dextran could be bound to 1 mol of native BSA. SDS–PAGE patterns revealed that BSA and dextran had been covalently bonded. Structural analyses by fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism indicated that the BSA surface in each conjugate was covered with dextran without any great disruption of the native conformation. The conjugates could be grouped into two fractions on the basis of the weight-average molecular mass measured: the main fraction at 1.95–2.35×105 g/mol and a less-abundant fraction with aggregates greater than 1.50×106 g/mol. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography in conjunction with multi-angle laser light scattering detection revealed that the BSA-dextran conjugates prepared by using the Maillard reaction had various molar masses and radii.
Ambiguity and Time-Varying Risk Aversion in Sovereign Debt Markets

This paper introduces changes in the level of ambiguity as a complementary source of time-varying risk aversion. We show in a consumption-based asset pricing model with simultaneously risky and ambiguous assets that a rise in the level of ambiguity raises investors' risk aversion. The effect is quantified in an application to European sovereign debt markets using a structural VAR to achieve identification in the data. We proxy for ambiguity using a measure of macroeconomic uncertainty and decompose empirically credit default swaps (CDS) for Spain and Italy into three shocks: fundamental default risk, risk aversion, and uncertainty. We find that shocks to uncertainty significantly increase international investors' risk aversion, accounting for about one fifth of its variation at a five week horizon, and have a significant and economically relevant impact on sovereign financing premia