Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embryonic developmental study on inner ear of Columba livia domestica (the early, intermediate stages)

The present study deals with the embryonic development of the early and the intermediate embryonic stages of Columba livia domestica inner ear or the membranous labyrinth (10, 15, 20, 22, 26,30,33,36 and 47 mm total body length). During the early development (10 mm stage), neuroepithelium of the ventral rhompencephalon evaginates laterally to form an ectoderm thickening, the otic placode. The latter invaginates forming the otocyst that subsequently gives all other components of the membranous labyrinth. The surrounding mesenchyme is the origin of cartilaginous capsule of the ear. The endolymphatic duct is the first appeared structure in 15 mm stage, followed by cochlear duct (in 22 mm stage) and finally the three semicircular ducts. The latter begin in 26 mm stage and end in 47 mm stage . The inner ear contains sensory organs; the macula of ( utriclus , sacculus) and the crista ampullaris ( of the three semicircular canals ) and the basilar papillae of the cochlear duct; not only for the sense of hearing but also for the equilibrium ,stability and balance. The sensory organs of the intermediate stages (36 and 47 mm stages) showed no differentiation to hair or supporting cells. In the intermediate stage (47 mm stage), the inner ear has undergone a considerable development in its structure. It consists of a dorsal vestibular part including two connecting sacs (utriculus and the sacculus) and three semicircular canals and ventral cochlear part (the cochlear duct). Keywords : Columba, Embryo, Early, Intermediate Stages, Inner Ear Development.
Acoustic characteristics of the phonemes (s) and (S) of adults and children without phonological disorders Características acústicas dos fones (s) e (S) de adultos e crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico típico

Purpose: To compare the productions of [s] and [S] of adults and children with typical phonological development considering the following acoustic parameters: duration of fricative noise, frequency band of higher concentration of noise, cutoff frequency of friction noise, and values of formant transition of the following vowel. Methods: Participants were 26 subjects, divided into two groups: Adults group (AG) – composed of 17 young adults (mean age: 23.61±3.44 years) without phonological disorders; and Typically developing children group (TDCG) – composed of nine children (mean age: 7.12±0.74 years) with typical phonological development. Subjects underwent speech-language pathology and audiology screening, and then data collection for acoustic analysis. For acoustic analysis, pseudowords in carrier phrases were used. We analyzed 624 productions from the subjects, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: The parameters frequency band of higher concentration of noise and formant transition of the following vowel presented differences between groups. In the comparison between word positions, the parameters duration and cutoff frequency of fricative noise, and formant transition of the following vowel presented differences. The parameters frequency band of higher concentration of noise, cutoff frequency of friction noise, and formant transition of the following vowel showed statistical differences in the comparison between the points of articulation of [s] and [S]. Conclusion: For most of the studied acoustic parameters, children’s and adults’ productions were similar. However, for some parameters, differences were observed between groups, word positions, and pois of articulation of the phonemes [s] and [S].
The Identity of the Gram-negative Bacterium ncib 8250 (‘Vibrio 01’)

SUMMARY: The original strain of Vibrio 01 (Happold&Key, 1932) appears to have been lost. The Bacterium NCIB 8250, which is frequently referred to as ‘Vibrio 01’, has different properties from those of the original isolate and is a Gramnegative non-motile oxidase-negative coccobacillus.
Effects of Different Maize ( Zea mays L . ) – Soybean ( Glycine max ( L . ) Merrill ) Intercropping Patterns on Yields and its Economics

In central highlands of Kenya, the low soil fertility and inability to replenish it are amongst the major constraints affecting the productivity of maize and cash crops, leading to hunger and poverty. The adoption of ISFM technologies such as maize-soybean intercropping system is being promoted as one of the options to address low crop productivity among the farmers. This study intended to determine the effects of maize-soybean intercropping patterns on yields and to assess the economics of different maize–soybean intercropping patterns in two the contrasting sites. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments were four maize (M)–soybean (S) intercropping patterns (conventional=1M:1S; MBILIMBILI=2M:2S; 2M:4S; 2M:6S) and two sole crops of maize and soybean, respectively. The results showed that in both sites during the both seasons maize stover and grain yields ware significantly affected by the intercropping pattern. During 2012 LR at Embu site the MBILI treatment produced significantly higher stover and grain yields (13.12 t ha -1 , p=0.0001 and 6.11 t ha -1 , p<0.0001, respectively) than all other treatments. During 2012 SR, still the MBILI treatment had recorded significantly the highest stover and grain yield (7.62 t ha -1 , p<0.0001 and 5.62 t ha -
Nonequilibrium kinetic Ising models: phase transitions and universality classes in one dimension

Nonequilibrium kinetic Ising models evolving under the competing effect of spin flips at zero temperature and Kawasaki-type spin-exchange kinetics at infinite temperature T are investigated here in one dimension from the point of view of phase transition and critical behaviour. Branching annihilating random walks with an even number of offspring (on the part of the ferromagnetic domain boundaries), is a decisive process in forming the steady state of the system for a range of parameters, in the family of models considered. A wide variety of quantities characterize the critical behaviour of the system. Results of computer simulations and of a generalized mean field theory are presented and discussed.
Religion , Spirituality and Psychotherapy

ABSTRACT The nature of clinical psychologists' religiosity, belief orientation, and practices in psychotherapy, including an assessment of ideology, non doctrinal beliefs, attitudes toward clinical interventions, and a measure of dimensions of religiosity needs to be examined. To assess psychologists' religious and spiritual orientation in relation to their practice of psychotherapy, a 62-item questionnaire was sent to 68 California psychologists. Findings were recorded for ideology, affiliation with organized religion, dimensions of religiosity, and clinical practice and training. Several conclusions can be drawn from the survey. The results revealed that psychologists were distributed equally within three ideological frameworks. They appeared to address religious, spiritual, and ontological issues in their personal lives and to respect the function that religion serves in peoples' dives. In general, they did not affiliate with organized religion, although the majority reported having been raised in a religion and in general did not report this as being a negative experience. Professionally, psychologists dealt with religious and spiritual issues in psychotherapy and the majority felt personally competent to counsel clients regarding spirituality. The majority were in favor of including the psychology of religion in psychologists' education and training. (ABB)
Economic Analysis of Smallholder Vegetable Production in Tigary, Ethiopia. A Case of IPMS’s Alamata Wereda Pilot learning Project

iv Table of content . vi Acronyms.viii List of Tables . ix Chapter I: Introduction . 1 1.1 Background of the Study . 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem . 2 1.3 Research Questions. 3 1.4 Significance of the Study. 4 1.5 Objective of the Study . 4 1.5. 1 General objectives . 4 1.5. 2 Specific objectives . 4 1.6 General Hypothesis of the Study. 5 1.6. 1 Technology Adoption . 5 1.6. 3 Impact on producers . 5 1.7 Scope of the Study. 5 1.8 Organization of the Thesis. 5 Chapter II: Review of Related Literature . 7 2.1 Context of Peasant Production . 7 2.2 Agricultural Profit and Technology Adoption. 8 2.3 New Agricultural Technology, Adoption and an Adopter . 8 2.3.1 New Agricultural Technology . 8 2.3.2. Adoption . 9 2.3.3 Who is an Adopter? 9 2.4 Agricultural Technology Adoption in Ethiopia. 11 2.5 Agricultural Technology Adoption Constraints . 13 2.6 Impact Related Ideas . 14 Chapter III: Data Source and Research Methodologies . 17 3.1 The Study Area Description . 17 3.2 Data Source and Methods of Data collection . 19 3.3 Econometric Models. 20 3.3.1 Variable Identification . 20 3.4. Impacts on Producers. 26 3.4.1 Heckman treatment effect on Impact Analysis. 27 Chapter IV: Results and Discussion . 33 4.1 A Descriptive Analysis:. 33 4.1.1 Sample Socioeconomic information. 33 4.1.2 Vegetable Production Trend in the Wereda. 35
Electrochemical etching in HF solution for silicon micromachining

Electrochemical etching of silicon in hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution is employed as a micromachining technique. It is demonstrated that the commonly accepted geometric constraints on the shape of electrochemically etched silicon structures can be significantly relaxed. Several new structures etched on the same n-doped silicon wafer are reported. The fabricated structures include wall arrays, hole arrays, meandershaped structures, spiral-like walls, microtubes, micropillars, microtips and more. A simple model for the electrochemical etch process, which describes the effect of the dimension of the initial seed, the current density, and also the KOH etching time of the initial pattern on the final geometries, is detailed. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Peoples Perception About Ethnocentrism in BIH 1

Abstract Consumer ethnocentrism comes up as tendency to purchase domestic products instead of foreign once. This kind of behavior can be directly linked to every country‟s prosperity. Ethnocentric consumers, purchasing domestic products, see as their own contribution to economic, social and political development. Purpose of this study is to analyze consumer perceptions about local products consumption and its effects on community-building in BiH. It also explored the potential to expand local markets for local food and products. Sources of local food products include (but may not be limited to) farmers markets, and grocers who carry local foods. A descriptive research methodology was used for this study. As the survey instrument questionnaire is used to collect data from local community. 320 responses were further analyzed with SPSS program, using descriptive statistics. Final outcome give detailed picture of local products consumption by learning about the expectations of consumers and understanding the kinds of contributions that local products make to the community. Results showed that consumers in BiH are showing ethnocentric behavior while purchasing products, respondents generally perceive domestic products to be of good quality but while purchasing they are putting quality in front of domestically produced products.
ON COMMUTATIVITY OF FINITE RINGS

Properties of external direct product of two rings are based on properties of component rings. These results are used to construct special types of rings. Any ring which is a cyclic additive group is commutative. Any ring whose order is a square free integer, is commutative. For any prime p,any integer n ‚ 2, for given m 2 N with p n j m, we can construct a ring of order m which is non commutative. For any prime p and any integer n ‚ 2, we construct the commutative ring with unity of order p n , of characteristic p and which is not a fleld.
A parallel currency proposal for the stronger Euro-states

It is argued that the stronger member states of the European Monetary Union should find their way out of the Euro in order to avoid being dragged into a disastrous course of inflation and over-indebtedness by the weaker members. A sudden exit would presumably cause financial turmoil as well as political damage and is, thus, no realistic option. However, by creating a parallel currency called Hard-Euro as an intermediate solution, there would indeed be a way of separating the EMU into two parts, with a weaker Euro in the southern countries and a stronger Euro in the northern countries. Using a small macro-model, the paper discusses this idea and its economic consequences in more detail. Following the early idea of separating the functions of money by Eisler (1932), the Hard-Euro is invented in the form of a pure book-money, while the Euro is still the only cash money until further notice. The Hard-Euro is designed as an index-currency such that its exchange rate exactly compensates for the inflation rate of the common Euro. Hence, it is absolutely stable in terms of consumer prices, and at the same time the exchange rate can never overshoot. By this means, savers in the stronger member states are protected from both inflation and financial repression, while the weaker member states can improve their competitiveness by inflating the Euro. It is shown, that this approach is likely to increase both investment and total output in the EMU. Later on, this intermediate regime could be substituted by the definite separation of the Euro-Zone into a stronger northern and a weaker southern part.
Field-based constraints on finite strain and rheology of the lithospheric mantle, Twin Sisters, Washington

We present direct finite strain and rheological estimates of naturally deformed mantle materials using field observations in the Twin Sisters ultramafic body of Washington State. Folded and elongated (boudinaged or ductilely thinned) orthopyroxenite dikes within the host dunite provide strain markers that allow us to characterize the finite strain over an ∼15,000 m 2 area. Using dynamic instability analysis on the folded orthopyroxenite dikes, orthopyroxene is calculated to have ∼25 times the effective viscosity of olivine-rich host rocks (based on a power-law exponent of 3.0 for this dislocation creep process). Detailed mapping also indicates that inclusion of up to 15% orthopyroxene in the olivine-rich host rocks does not affect their viscosity, constraining the rheological behavior of two-phase, mantle material.
Nutrient and genotypic effects on CO2-responsiveness: photosynthetic regulation in Leucadendron species of a nutrient-poor environment

V c,max and J max down-regulation. In Leucadendron ,a general physiological mechanism seems to control Four South African Leucadendron congenerics with excess carbohydrate formation, and photosynthetic divergent soil N and P preferences were grown as responsiveness to elevated CO 2 , independently of juveniles at contrasting nutrient concentrations at genotype and nutrient concentration. This mechanism ambient (350 mmol mol’1) and elevated (700 mmol mol’1) may underlie photosynthetic acclimation to atmospheric CO 2 levels. Photosynthetic parameters source:sink imbalances resulting from such diverse were related to leaf nutrient and carbohydrate status conditions as elevated CO 2 , low sink strength, low to reveal controls of carbon uptake rate. In all species, carbohydrate export, and nutrient limitation. elevated CO 2 depressed both the maximum Rubisco catalytic activity (V c,max , by 19‐44%) and maximum Key words: Carbohydrate, elevated CO 2 , nitrogen, photoelectron transport rate (J max , by 13‐39%), indicating synthesis, Proteaceae. significant photosynthetic acclimation of both measures. Even so, all species had increased maximum
Nutritional advice for prevention of acute pancreatitis: review of current opinion

Correspondence: Mark E Lowe Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA Tel +1 412 692 5180 Fax +1 412 692 7355 Email loweme2@upmc.edu Abstract: Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute and self-limiting or, in a small percentage of patients, recurrent. Patients with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis (RAP) often progress to chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatitis in all forms causes significant economic and social burdens. Prevention of RAP may decrease those burdens and halt progression to chronic disease. Unfortunately, no therapy has proven effective at altering the course of RAP. While enteral nutritional therapy plays an important role in the treatment of acute pancreatitis during episodes, nutritional advice provided to patients in an attempt to prevent recurrent episodes has not proven effective in most cases. Discontinuing alcohol consumption and treating dyslipidemia with diet and medication can help patients with these issues. In patients whose pancreatitis is associated with celiac disease or eosinophilic gastroenteritis, a gluten-free diet and avoidance of food allergens can be effective in stopping RAP. Advice to take pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, lose weight, control diabetes, decrease dietary sucrose, decrease dietary fat or avoid monosodium glutamate has little to no evidence of efficacy. Some studies suggest that an antioxidant cocktail may decrease the frequency of RAP and the intensity of chronic pain, but the evidence is weak. Nutritional therapy may have a role in the treatment of patients with RAP. At present, there are no clear guidelines for nutritional advice to give these patients. More studies are needed to identify nutritional interventions that will benefit patients with RAP.
PARALLAX OF GALACTIC CEPHEIDS FROM SPATIALLY SCANNING THE WIDE FIELD CAMERA 3 ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE: THE CASE OF SS CANIS MAJORIS

We present a high-precision measurement of the parallax for the 12-day Cepheid SS Canis Majoris, obtained via spatial scanning with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Spatial scanning enables astrometric measurements with a precision of 20–40 μas, an order of magnitude better than pointed observations. SS CMa is the second Cepheid targeted for parallax measurement with HST and is the first of a sample of 18 long-period (≳10 days) Cepheids selected in order to improve the calibration of their period–luminosity relation and eventually permit a determination of the Hubble constant H0 to better than 2%. The parallax of SS CMa is found to be 348 ± 38 μas, corresponding to a distance of 2.9 ± 0.3 kpc. We also present a refinement of the static geometric distortion of WFC3 obtained using spatial scanning observations of calibration fields, with a typical magnitude ≲0.01 pixels on scales of 100 pixels.
Influence of seasonal disparity on NPK uptake in sunflower.

Crop-environment interaction is a key factor in the assessment of crop performance , thus nutrients uptake by crop plants require coincidence of vegetative and reproductive stages with suitable environme ntal conditions. The influence of seasonal variation on NPK uptake in sunflower was studied through field experiments executed at Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan for two years (2007 & 08) during spring and autumn. Four S unflower hybrids, Alisson-RM, Parasio-24, MG-2 and S-278 were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications using seed rate of 5 kg ha -1. The data on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by plants was recorded at physiological maturity. NKP uptake was significantly influenced by prevailing season. Overall, spring planted crop exhibited significantly higher values for NPK uptake at physiological maturity than during autumn which may be attributed to the longer crop life span facilit ating nutrient uptake. However, shorter crop life cycle of autumn planted crop limited uptake. Amongst hybrids, MG-2 took up the maximum quantities of NPK during both the seasons (spring & autumn) probably due to higher yield potential . It may be concluded that farmers planting autumn sunflower should reduce NPK inputs as output would be strongly influenced by shorter growing season.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Depression Prevention Curriculum for Rural Middle School Girls: Initial Findings and 6-Month Follow-up

This study describes the development and immediate effects of a school-based, cross-age (high school), peerled, targeted intervention to reduce and prevent the onset of major depression among girls ages 13-15 attending a rural middle school in Northern Florida. The intervention, Talk ‘n’ Time, is based on cognitive behavioral and positive youth development principles. This study is a single-blind randomized controlled trial of a school-based targeted intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and prevent the onset of major depression among middle school girls. Participants in the intervention arm of the study attended 12 weekly 90-minute sessions after school. Participants in the control arm of the study were placed on a monitored waitlist. Participants were recruited through an in-school special assembly for 6th, 7th, and 8th grade girls, posters with cultural diverse girls, and through mailings sent to the same group demographic. Depression symptoms and severity were assessed at baseline and again at 14 days post-intervention. Approximately 8% of participants dropped out before providing complete data, but there was no evidence of attrition bias. Mean scores from a repeated measure analysis indicated that intervention participants showed significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms relative to controls from pre to post and 6-month follow-up. These results tentatively suggest that this school-based, peer-led, depression prevention program can improve rural middle school girls’ depression symptoms. Innovative programs are needed to reduce the risk of and prevent the acquisition of major depression among middle school girls, particularly those that are marginalized and resource poor in rural communities. This program implements several innovations to its design of depression reduction and prevention in rural middle school girls. Future directions for research and practice are discussed
Blood biochemical profile of Sudanese crossbred repeat breeder cows

Repeat breeder (RB) is a cow that fails to conceive from three or more successive insemination, but with normal estrus and absence of detectable clinical abnormalities. It is one of the major problems in dairy production. In the present study, the plasma biochemistry of Sudanese crossbred RB cows was examined. Plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), total protein (TP) and urea nitrogen were estimated with the spectrophotometer while the plasma levels of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were estimated using the atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate the plasma levels of glucose, Zn, Mn and Fe of RB were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the normal cyclic (NC) cows. Moreover, the plasma level of urea nitrogen of RB was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the NC cows. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that correcting the plasma glucose, Zn, Mn and Fe as well as lowering the urea nitrogen may be a part of an effective strategy for treatment of repeat breeding syndrome in Sudanese crossbred cows. Key words: Repeat breeder cows, plasma biochemistry, Sudanese crossbred cows, fertility of cows.
The Impact of Chinese Import Penetration on the South African Manufacturing Sector

Abstract This article uses a Chenery-type decomposition and econometric estimation to evaluate the impact of Chinese trade on production and employment in South African manufacturing from 1992 to 2010. The results suggest that increased import penetration from China caused South African manufacturing output to be 5 per cent lower in 2010 than it otherwise would have been. The estimated reduction of total employment in manufacturing as a result of trade with China is larger – in 2010 about 8 per cent – because the declines in output were concentrated on labour-intensive industries and because the increase in imports raised labour productivity within industries.