Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The changing clinical presentation of recurrent primary biliary cirrhosis after liver transplantation

Background. Recurrent disease after liver transplant is a significant problem. Recurrent primary biliary cirrhosis (RPBC) is a histologic diagnosis. Clinical data is unreliable in predicting or diagnosing recurrence. RPBC appears to have a changing clinical presentation in recent years. Materials and Methods. The diagnosis of RPBC after liver transplantation was made histologically. Data were obtained from our prospectively maintained liver-transplant database and evaluated statistically. Results. Between 1985 and 1999, 1,835 liver transplants were performed, 169 for PBC. One hundred fifty-six patients were evaluated (one patient received retransplantation, and 13 were excluded). Seventeen (10.9%) experienced recurrence. Median posttransplantation follow-up time was 72.1 months. Median time to recurrence was 49.6 months. Median follow-up time after recurrence was 11.5 months. Neither acute rejection episodes (P =0.34) nor OKT3 use (P =0.36) before diagnosis of recurrence was significant. The combination of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisolone demonstrated recurrence in 6 of 71 (8.4%). Six of 49 (12.2%) patients treated with cyclosporine with or without mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone experienced recurrence. Six of 36 (16.7%) patients treated with tacrolimus and prednisolone with or without mycophenolate mofetil experienced recurrence. Patients treated with cyclosporine had numerically fewer recurrences than those treated with tacrolimus (P =0.11). Conclusions. Patients with RPBC demonstrated prolonged survival. Clinical factors did not aid in predicting RPBC. The clinical course of RPBC appears to be different than in the earlier years of liver transplantation. Immunosuppression may play a role. The use and type of antimetabolite drugs had no affect on recurrence. RPBC demonstrated a different clinical course with tacrolimus treatment (shorter time to recurrence) and increased incidence when compared with cyclosporine treatment. Controlled randomized studies are necessary to determine differences between tacrolimus and cyclosporine treatment, if any.
Stuttering

Despite 60 years of study, the brain mechanisms for stuttering are unknown. In an effort to shed light on these mechanisms, we studied two cases in which the fluency of speech changed after brain damage in adulthood. The first, an ambidextrous man, ceased to stutter after a head injury. The second, a converted left-handed man, experienced recurrence of childhood stuttering after a stroke.
A study on the operation mechanism of website brand equity based on S-O-R paradigm

Brand in internet is a hot topic in recent years. Products and services in virtual market become more homogeneous, website brand is an important way to achieve differentiation and win competitive advantage. However it lacks empirical research about how website brand influences consumer purchase intention. A website brand equity model is built on the related theory of online marketing and brand equity as well as the S-O-R paradigm, and data of 187 online consumers collected in Hangzhou is used to examine the model. The main conclusions are as follows, Emotional connection, online experience, responsive service nature, trust and fulfillment can reflect the value of website brand, they significantly affects consumer perceived value; Consumer perceived value is a direct predictor of online purchase intention, and it's a mediating factor in relation of website brand equity and online purchase intention. The research conclusions have important implications for online retailers in building website brand.
A Dataset for Open Event Extraction in English

This article presents a corpus for development and testing of event schema induction systems in English. Schema induction is the task of learning templates with no supervision from unlabeled texts, and to group together entities corresponding to the same role in a template. Most of the previous work on this subject relies on the MUC-4 corpus. We describe the limits of using this corpus (size, non-representativeness, similarity of roles across templates) and propose a new, partially-annotated corpus in English which remedies some of these shortcomings. We make use of Wikinews to select the data inside the category Laws & Justice, and query Google search engine to retrieve different documents on the same events. Only Wikinews documents are manually annotated and can be used for evaluation, while the others can be used for unsupervised learning. We detail the methodology used for building the corpus and evaluate some existing systems on this new data.
In Vivo Processing of CXCL5 (LIX) by Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 Promotes Early Neutrophil Recruitment in IL-1β–Induced Peritonitis

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the cleavage of several proinflammatory chemokines, thereby modulating their function and having an impact on the inflammatory process. However, in vivo evidence of such a role remains limited. In this study, we use IL-1β–induced peritonitis as a model for an acute immune response, which is initiated by neutrophil influx followed by macrophage infiltration within a few hours of IL-1β injection into the peritoneal cavity. Using single and double knockout mice for MMP-2 and MMP-9, we show that MMP-2 and MMP-9 act synergistically mainly at the initial step of neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneal cavity. The use of bone marrow chimeric mice revealed the cellular sources of MMP-2 and MMP-9 to be distinct, with resident cells being the source of the former and infiltrating leukocytes the source of the latter. We show that the omentum is the main site of neutrophil entry into the peritoneal cavity, where MMP-2 and MMP-9 act synergistically to potentiate the action of CXCL5 (ENA-78/ LIX), thereby, promoting neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavity. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo demonstration of MMP-2 and MMP-9 processing of a chemokine that has been directly correlated with an enhanced chemoattracting function.
Burst Firing in Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Neurones does not Require Ionotrophic GABA or Glutamate Receptor Activation

Burst firing is a feature of many neuroendocrine cell types, including the hypothalamic gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones that control fertility. The role of intrinsic and extrinsic influences in generating GnRH neurone burst firing is presently unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of fast amino acid transmission in burst firing by examining the effects of receptor antagonists on bursting displayed by green fluorescent protein GnRH neurones in sagittal brain slices prepared from adult male mice. Blockade of AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors with a cocktail of CNQX and AP5 was found to have no effects on burst firing in GnRH neurones. The frequency of bursts, dynamics of individual bursts, or percentage of firing clustered in bursts was not altered. Similarly, GABAA receptor antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin had no effects upon burst firing in GnRH neurones. To examine the importance of both glutamate and GABA ionotrophic signalling, a cocktail including picrotoxin, CNQX and AP5 was used but, again, this was found to have no effects on GnRH neurone burst firing. To further question the impact of endogenous amino acid release on burst firing, electrical activation of anteroventral periventricular nuclei GABA/glutamate inputs to GnRH neurones was undertaken and found to have no impact on burst firing. Taken together, these observations indicate that bursting in GnRH neurones is not dependent upon acute ionotrophic GABA and glutamate signalling and suggest that extrinsic inputs to GnRH neurones acting through AMPA, NMDA and GABAA receptors are unlikely to be required for burst initiation in these cells.
Effect of Malnutrition on Rotavirus Infection in Suckling Mice: Kinetics of Early Infection 1

Abstract The effects of malnutrition on the viral replication pattern and severity of clinical disease were examined in suckling mice infected with mouse rotavirus (MRV). The infection in malnourished animals was characterized by a significant decrease in the minimal infectious dose and in the incubation period of the onset of diarrhea, when compared to well-nourished controls. Viral replication in the dispersed enterocytes was observed 6-12 hr earlier, fecal viral shedding peaked significantly earlier, and the clinical disease appeared to be more severe in the malnourished animals than in the controls. These observations provide strong evidence for malnutrition-induced alterations in the pathogenesis of rotaviral infection in vivo.
Pathogenic Conversion of Live Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccines Is Associated with Expression of Truncated Nef

ABSTRACT Rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) containing either a large nef deletion (SIVmac239Δ152nef) or interleukin-2 in place ofnef developed high virus loads and progressed to simian AIDS. Viruses recovered from both juvenile and neonatal macaques with disease produced a novel truncated Nef protein, tNef. Viruses recovered from juvenile macaques infected with serially passaged virus expressing tNef exhibited a pathogenic phenotype. These findings demonstrated strong selective pressure to restore expression of a truncated Nef protein, and this reversion was linked to increased pathogenic potential in live attenuated SIV vaccines.
Intracranial complications of acute and chronic infectious ear disease: A problem still with us.

Among 334,884 admissions to the North Carolina Baptist Hospital from 1963 through 1982, 100 patients had central nervous system (CNS) complications of middle ear disease. The complications occurred predominantly in young patients, 85 of the 100 being less than 20 years of age. Meningitis occurred in 76 patients; the acute form was more prevalent (63 cases). The less common nonmeningitic complications included brain abscess (n=6), effusion (n=5), lateral sinus thrombosis (n=5), otitic hydrocephalus (n=5), and empyema (n=3). Overall mortality was 10%. One patient with brain abscess died; 9 of the 76 patients with meningitis died (12%), with 4 of those deaths occurring among the 13 patients with chronic meningitis (31%). Because these complications have declined markedly since the advent of antibiotics, many contemporary otolaryngologists have been unexposed to these complications. However, as this series shows, they do still occur, their natural history remains the same, and the resulting mortality is still alarmingly high. A plea is made for otolaryngologists to maintain an awareness of these complications and to work with pediatricians and neurosurgeons for the best team care of patients with CNS complications of middle ear disease.
Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato by Bioformulation of Streptomyces griseus in Green House Condition

2 Abstract: Ability of biocontrol agent Streptomyces griseus to control the F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. (FOL) induced fusarium wilt disease in tomato was studied. Talc-based formulation of Streptomyces griseus either single or with or without chitin were developed and tested under greenhouse conditions. Self life of S. griseus in talk based formulation showed stable up to 105 day with 122 x 10 , 118 x 10 cfu/g after storage at 30°C th 7 7 and 4°C correspondingly. The various formulations of S. griseus were assessed for their efficiency in controlling F. oxysporum incidence in greenhouse conditions. The treatments were imposed as seed treatment and seedlings dip. A significant lowest disease severity on treatment of self fusant (SFSg 5) S. griseus suspension (root dipping) and chitin amended S. griseus (root dipping) was recorded compared with chitinase enzyme preparation of the same. For effective disease control, S. griseus introduced to root system before Fusarium oxysporum infestation than that of seed treatment. Key word: Tomato Fusarium wilt and Streptomyces griseus formulation
Acute toxicity and structure‐activity relationships of nine alcohol ethoxylate surfactants to fathead minnow and Daphnia magna

Auatic toxicity of nine commercial‐grade alcohol ethoxylate surfactants was studied in acute exposures to fathead minnow (Pimephalespromelas) and Daphnia magna. All studies were conducted in accordance with USEPA TSCA Good Laboratory Practice Standards. Mean measured surfactant concentrations in the exposure solutions showed good agreement with nominal concentrations for both fathead minnow (R2 = 0.98, p = 0.05) and daphnid (R2 = 0.99, p = 0.05) tests. Surfactant recoveries ranged from 59 to 97% and 67 to 106% in the fathead minnow and daphnid solutions, respectively. Response of both species to the surfactants was generally similar. Surfactant toxicity tended to increase with increasing alkyl chain lengths. The effect of low average ethylene oxide (EO) groups on increased surfactant toxicity was more evident in the daphnid exposures. Quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed from the data, which relate surfactant structure to toxicity. The models predict increasing toxicity with decreasing EO number and increasing alkyl chain length. The models also indicate that average alkyl chain length has a greater effect on toxicity than average EO groups. Further, the models indicate that both species did not differ markedly in their response to alkyl chain length effects, while the number of EO groups had a stronger effect on daphnids than fathead minnow. Model‐predicted toxicity agreed well with toxicity estimated from USEPA alkyl ethoxylates SARs and with toxicity values reported in the literature for several surfactants previously studied.
Age is an independent prognostic factor in rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the soft tissue sarcoma committee of the children's oncology group

Although age <1 year at diagnosis has been associated with a worse prognosis in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the relationship of age at diagnosis to clinical presentation and outcome has not been evaluated carefully. We reviewed data from recent Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Committee (later called Group, IRSG) trials to examine this relationship in order to estimate prognosis more accurately and further refine treatment.
Vocalic sandwich, a unit designed for unit selection TTS

Unit selection text-to-speech systems currently produce very natural synthetic sentences by concatenating speech segments from a large database. Recently, increasing demand for designing high quality voices with less data creates need for further optimization of the textual corpus recorded by the speaker. The optimization process of this corpus is traditionally guided by the coverage rate of well-known units: triphones, words… Such units are however not dedicated to concatenative speech synthesis; they are of general use in speech technologies and linguistics. In this paper, we describe a new unit which takes account of concatenative TTS own features: the "vocalic sandwich. " Both an objective and a perceptual evaluation tend to show that vocalic sandwiches are appropriate units for corpus design.
Bacterial adhesion: modulation by antibiotics which perturb protein synthesis

It has been known for a long time that antibiotics are capable of altering bacterial surfaces, resulting in morphological changes that can be detected by electron microscopy (2); however, more subtle alterations at the molecular level may be undetectable at the ultrastructural level. Certain antibiotics disturb the metabolism and processing of bacterial surface components (59, 71), whereas others disorganize the bacterial surface architecture (36, 39). Regardless of the mechanism of action, the induced surface changes can influence the strength of the attractive and repulsive forces responsible for bacterial surface interactions with molecules and cells in the environment. These interactions are important in the early stages of bacterial pathogenesis, that is, attachment to mucosal surfaces and invasion, and perhaps also during subsequent steps of the infectious process (5, 14, 15, 18, 38). Adhesins are ligand molecules that are located on the surfaces of pathogenic bacteria and that endow the organisms with the ability to bind specifically to complementary receptors on the mucosal surfaces of the susceptible host. Many studies have provided evidence that the expression and specific function of adhesins can be affected by concentrations of antibiotics that are unable to completely inhibit bacterial growth in vitro (sub-MICs; reviewed in references 13 and 66). These observations raise the possibility that sub-MICs of antibiotics may prevent the infectious process by inhibiting the mucosal attachment step (8, 64). Although many in vitro experiments have shown an effect of antibiotics on adhesion, only a few have been designed to define the molecular events involved. Because of the complexity of the microbe-drug-host interaction, interpretations concerning the effect of antibiotics on bacterial adhesion have been difficult. In this article, we review this topic, relating the known sites of action of various classes of antibiotics which perturb protein synthesis (31, 71) with what is known about the molecular mechanism of bacterial adhesion. Other antimicrobial agents are reviewed elsewhere (65). The concepts described in this review will be highlighted by examples referring only to the better-characterized adhesin-receptor systems, the paradigm being the type 1 fimbria-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli to mannosylated receptors on eucaryotic cells. We emphasize technical aspects when necessary to reconcile apparent contradictions between different studies. A synopsis of the reviewed studies is shown in Table 1. The effectiveness of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthe-
Full-wave analysis of a class of ray-chaotic cylindrical geometries

In certain deterministic electromagnetic (EM) propagation and scattering environments, ray trajectories may become exponentially sensitive to small changes in initial conditions, and therefore render ray field dynamics unreliable after many interactions within such environments. The rigorous analytic framework for studying this pathological behavior is provided by chaos theory, and the corresponding scenarios are typically referred to as "ray chaos". We have recently initiated a systematic analysis aimed at gaining deeper insights into the wave-physical mechanisms that govern the tendency toward, and the onset of, ray-chaotic footprints in ray-chaotically inclined EM propagation and scattering environments. We have explored a novel two-dimensional (2D) ray-chaotic wave scattering configuration consisting of a planar dielectric layer, with exponentially tapered refractive index profile, backed by a smooth, perfectly-electrically-conducting (PEC), periodically undulating surface. This configuration is amenable to an explicit full-wave analysis. We discuss a possible extension of the planar configuration to the considerably more complicated cylindrical geometry.
Restricted Set Addition in Groups I: The Classical Setting

The existing results are surveyed and several new results are proved for the cardinality of the restricted doubling 2^A = {a′ + a″:a′,a″ ∈ A,a′ ≠ a″}, where A ⊆ G is a subset of the set of elements of an (additively written) group G. In particular, known estimates for G = Z and G = Z/pZ are improved and a first‐of‐a‐kind general estimate valid for arbitrary G is given.
Novel Designs for Efficient Broadband Frequency Doublers Using Singly Pump-Resonant Waveguide and Engineered Chirped Gratings

Novel engineered step-chirped gratings (SCG) for broadband frequency doublers based on quasi-phase matched second harmonic generation with and without singly pump-resonance in lithium niobate waveguides have been theoretically modeled and simulated taking pump depletion into account, for the first time to our knowledge. It is shown that apodized SCGs flatten the conversion bandwidth which can be improved extensively with apodization ratio. Also, it is demonstrated numerically for an ASCG that by means of singly pump-resonant waveguide, the conversion efficiency of quasi-continuous waves shown with the envelope of responses increases substantially especially for low loss. The optimized values of back facet reflectivity and input power to achieve the maximum efficiency, for several waveguide loss parameters have also been calculated. Furthermore, the ASCG structure may provide a more convenient method for fabrication and poling as it increases the chirp period and duty cycle.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ImprOVINg resuLts IN reLapsed Or refractOry cLL

TRial SUMMaRy: RESONaTETM-17: interim results for ibrutinib in Cll with 17p deletion O’brien s, Jones J, coutre s, et al. efficacy and safety of ibrutinib in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion: results from the phase II resONateTM-17 trial, american society of Hematology annual meeting, december 8, 2014, session 642. abstract 327
Cost Analysis of 109 Microsurgical Reconstructions and Flap Monitoring with Microdialysis

Few studies have examined the cost-effectiveness of microsurgery, and little is known about the cost-effectiveness of flap monitoring. We studied the costs related to microsurgery during 2004 to 2006 in Kuopio University Hospital. A total of 99 patients were reconstructed with 109 flaps. Primary success was achieved in 64% of cases. Reoperation for anastomosis was conducted in 25% and for other surgical complications in 27%. The intended result was achieved in 94% of cases. The mean total cost of hospital care was 20,000 euro in head and neck cancer surgery, 15,500 euro in defects of the lower extremities, and 9200 euro in breast reconstruction. The costs were greatly influenced by surgical complications (i.e., if the primary reconstruction failed, then the secondary microvascular flap almost doubled the expense involved; mean expenses per case 27,900 euro). Microdialysis was used in flap monitoring with an additional cost of 535 euro per patient. We found that microdialysis provided an early diagnosis of perfusion failure and helped to save the flap. It was estimated that if one or two flaps per year are saved due to more effective monitoring, then the extra costs of using microdialysis are covered.
Effects of confluence on phosphate transport capacity in cultured renal cell lines

The LLC‐PK1 cell line transports phosphate (Pi), glucose, and amino acids using carriers similar to those in proximal tubular cells. Others have reported that when monolayers reach confluence, hexose transport increases and activity of the A‐amino acid transporter falls. The present study evaluates Pi uptake by two continuous cell lines derived from renal proximal tubule, and demonstrates that phosphate uptake falls sharply upon reaching confluence in LLC‐PK1 cells but not in cultured opossum kidney (OK) cells. The fall in Pi uptake in LLC‐PK1 cells at confluence represents a halving in Vmax for Na‐dependent phosphate uptake (2.33 vs. 5.00 nmol/mg protein/5 min) without a change in Km (82 vs. 94 μM). Suppression of phosphate transport in confluent monolayers of LLC‐PK1 cells is completely reversed by bringing the cells into suspension. As has been shown for the phorbol ester 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), exposure of monolayers to serum stimulates phosphate uptake, but unlike phorbol ester, serum does so without stimulating alanine uptake. OK cells differ from LLC‐PK1 in that no change occurs in Pi uptake at confluence, although they resemble LLC‐PK1 cells in that sugar uptake rises and alanine uptake falls at confluence. The different temporal patterns for Pi uptake in the two cell lines indicates that developmental change in the uptake of Pi is not linked to that of glucose or alanine.