Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skilled-Unskilled Wage Gap Versus Evolving Trade and Labour Market Structures in the EU

This paper proposes an alternative approach to the empirical study of wage gap between workers with different educational levels in the enlarged EU. The analysis is based on sectoral database, linking labor market statistics and trade data at the level of 12 manufacturing sectors in a group of 20 European countries: selected New Member States (NMS-5) and former EU-15 economies, in the period 1995-2005. The results of the empirical model suggest that wage inequality between workers with academic education and lower is associated mainly with domestic (and not foreign) labor market conditions and, to a lower extent, to trade forces. Degree of trade penetration affects skilled-unskilled wage gaps but we do not find significant wage effects of imports from less developed EU countries. The same result is confirmed when we consider trade in intermediates and outsourcing practices in Europe.
Health Related Quality of Life And its Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients Attending Diabetes Clinic in Jimma University Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia,2014

Background: Diabetes mellitus is likely to become one of the most prevalent and economically important diseases of the 21st century. Diabetes mellitus, like any chronic medical condition, impacts on quality of life. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess quality of life and associated factors among diabetic patients having follow-up in diabetes clinic in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma ,south west Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from February-May, 2014. Consecutive sampling technique was used to select 356 participants. Data collection technique was interview; review of medical records and the mean fasting blood sugar was used as index of glycemic control. Results: A total of 341 respondents participated in the study and the response rate was 96.2%. The sample consisted of 183 males (56%) and 158 females (44%) with mean age 46.37 ± 15.9 years. Mean duration of DM was 5.7 ± 5 years, 229(66.9%) were type II diabetes, mean BMI and FBS were 23.4 ± 4.3 and 172 mg/dl ± 67 respectively. Highest percentages (57%) of poor health related quality of life was found in general health followed by role physical (36%) and highest good quality of life found in bodily pain dimensions in which 88% of the respondents had good quality of life. Additionally, in this study depression symptom, type II diabetes, increased number of drugs, longer duration of illness and number of co morbidity were important predictors of impaired health related quality of life. Conclusion: Depression symptoms, type II diabetes, higher number of drugs, longer duration of illness and number of co morbidity were important predictors of impaired health related quality of life. Additionally, general health and role physical dimensions of respondents’ quality of life were severely impaired. As a result programs addressing the physical and mental needs of the population are required.
Structural and cellular changes in fetal renal papilla during development

The mature renal papilla is characterized by medullary collecting ducts, Henle’s loops, vasa recta and the interstitium. Cortical and medullary stromal cells are essential for the regulation of urine concentration and other specialized kidney functions. Mechanisms that direct the renal papilla development are not clearly understood. In recent years, the renal papilla has been identified as a niche for renal stem/progenitor cells in the adult mouse. Studies on experimental animals evidenced a probably common interstitial progenitor for the medullary and cortical stromal cells, characterized by the Foxd1+/PAX2- phenotype. Moreover, Hox10 and Hox11 expression is required for differentiation and patterning of the multiple subtypes of developing medullary interstitial cells. Given the scarcity of morphological and molecular studies on the human renal papilla, this work aimed to evidence morphological changes during human gestation, both in the architecture of the medullary interstitium and in cell types differentiating between the collecting tubules and the Henle’s loops. Future immunohistochemical studies are needed to better identify different interstitial cell types giving rise to the mature interstitium of the renal papilla.
Connections Between Anxiety and Job Satisfaction. Three Accesses ‘Bottom-up’ ‘Top-down’ and ‘Transactional’

The study investigated the relations between anxiety and job satisfaction from the outlooks of three different approaches to pleasure, i.e. bottom-up, top-down, and transactional. Generally Job Satisfaction (GJS), diversification in satisfaction according to job aspects (Work Description Inventory), situational (four items from the Job Affect Scale) and steady job-related anxiety (Mood at location of work Questionnaire), neurosis and Extroversion (NEO–FFI) were investigated among 480 employees (240 males). Analyses done from the outlook of ‘bottom-up’ theories showed that two forms of job-related anxiety were negatively correlated with the level of satisfaction but were not related with diversification in satisfaction. Data analyzed from the outlook of the ‘top-down’ model presented that neurosis affected job-related anxiety and job satisfaction; moreover, steady anxiety recon ciliated the relation between neurosis and GJS. Data analysis within the transactional model shows that GJS depended on mutual action between steady anxiety, neurosis and Extroversion. The study discloses the possible methodological problems and measurement artificial of the ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top down’ approaches. In addition, it provides evidence supporting the adaptive role of anxiety and individual properties as its moderators.
A Review on Energy Efficient CMOS Digital Logic

Autonomy of power supply used in portable devices directly depends on energy efficiency of digital logic. This means that digital systems, beside high processing power and very complex functionality, must also have very low power consumption. Power consumption depends on many factors: system architecture, technology, basic cells topology-speed, and accuracy of assigned tasks. In this paper, a review and comparison of CMOS topologies techniques and operating modes is given, as CMOS technology is expected to be the optimum choice in the near future. It is shown that there is a full analogy in the behavior of digital circuits in sub-threshold and strong inversion. Therefore, synthesis of digital circuits is the same for both strong and weak operating modes. Analysis of the influence of the technology, MOS transistor threshold voltage ( V t ) and power supply voltage ( V dd ) on digital circuit power consumption and speed for both operating modes is given. It is shown that optimal power consumption (minimum power consumption for given speed) depends on optimal choice of threshold, and power supply voltage. Multi V dd /V t techniques are analyzed as well. A review and analysis of alternative logical circuit's topologies – pass logic (PL), complementary pass logic (CPL), push-pull pass logic (PPL) and adiabatic logic – is also given. As shown, adiabatic logic is the optimum choice regarding energy efficiency.
A Cross-sectional Study: Bone Markers in Different Body Mass Index Groups of Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Females in Karachi, Pakistan

Background: Pakistan is a big victim of breast cancer and vitamin D deficiency. Interestingly, bones are the common site of breast cancer metastasis and vitamin D deficiency makes this condition more worst. The present study designed to estimate bone markers and minerals in different BMI groups of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Materials & Methods: diagnosed breast cancer females were approached and their characteristics including age, marital status, menstrual & family history, receptor status, tumor grade & type and presence of metastasis were noted from their medical reports. Whereas bone markers and minerals viz., alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone specific ALP (BALP), vitamin D, carboxyl terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX), human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (Her2) protein, albumin, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) were estimated plus body mass index (BMI) measured. Results: Most of the recruited females found aged less than 50 yrs, wedded, belonged to plump to obese BMI groups, had invasive ductal carcinoma, expressed triple positive receptor status and tumor grade II. Very few had metastasis and family history of breast cancer. Patients in all BMI groups showed insufficient level of vitamin D but normal levels of ALP, Ca, Mg, P, albumin, Her2 protein and CTX. Whereas Ca and BALP found slightly low in underfed BMI group patients. Conclusion: The results concluded and recommended that vitamin D levels must be monitored in breast cancer patients before and after treatment otherwise it will decrease more and may affect other bone markers.
Looking for outflow and infall signatures in high-mass star-forming regions

Context. Many physical parameters change with time in star-forming regions. Here we attempt to correlate changes in the infall and outflow motions in high-mass star-forming regions with evolutionary stage using JCMT observations. Aims. From a sample of 45 high-mass star-forming regions in three phases of evolution, we investigate the presence of established infall and outflow tracers to determine whether there are any trends attributable to the age of the source. Methods. We obtained JCMT observations of HCO + /H 13 CO + J = 4−3 to trace large-scale infall, and SiO J = 8−7 to trace recent outflow activity. We compared the infall and outflow detections to the evolutionary stage of the host source (high-mass protostellar objects, hypercompact HII regions, and ultracompact HII regions). Results. We find a surprising lack of SiO detections in the middle stage (hypercompact HII regions), which may be an observational bias. When SiO is detected, we find that the integrated intensity of the line increases with evolutionary stage. The integrated intensity of SiO varies with the full width at half maximum of the H 13 CO + . All of the sources with infall signatures onto ultracompact HII regions have corresponding outflow signatures as well.
The influence of time and money on product evaluations - a neurophysiological analysis

"Time is money" is how a common saying goes, reflecting a widespread assumption in many people's everyday life. It seems that money and time are very similar concepts which might even be exchangeable all together. However, the neurophysiological processes underlying the activation of time or money are not yet completely understood. In order to understand in how far and in which dimensions the concept of time versus the concept of money effects human behavior we enquired the neural differences of the time versus money effect. This paper broadens the understanding of both concepts and investigates the posited distinct mindsets of time and money using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology. A sample of 44 righthanded adults has been analyzed. Our data supports the idea of the existence of two distinct mindsets for time and money. However, contrasting both conditions in one general linear model only a few significant differences have been found. The insula seems to be a crucial locus for the neural difference of both mindsets. Higher insula activation in the time condition suggests stronger urge for the product primed with time.
A high precision pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer for measurements of stable isotopes of carbon dioxide

We describe a prototype instrument using a Peltier cooled quantum cascade laser for precise measurement of stable carbon (13C/12C) isotopologue ratios in atmospheric CO2. Using novel optics and signal processing techniques in a compact instrument, we are able to detect the difference between sample and reference with a precision of 0.1‰ (2σ standard error of mean of 11 samples) in 10min of analysis time. The standard deviation of 0.18‰ for individual 30 s measurements shows that this prototype instrument already approaches the best reported literature values using continuous wave lead alloy tunable diode lasers. The application of pulsed near room-temperature quantum cascade lasers to this demanding problem opens the possibility of field worthy rapid response isotopic instrumentation and attests to the maturity of these lasers as spectroscopic sources.
Transition of flow regime along a marine-terminating outlet glacier in East Antarctica

We present results of a multi-methodological approach to characterize the flow regime of West Ragnhild Glacier, the widest glacier in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. A new airborne radar survey points to substantially thicker ice (>2000 m) than previously thought. With a discharge estimate of 13–14 Gt yr −1 , West Ragnhild Glacier thus becomes of the three major outlet glaciers in Dronning Maud Land. Its bed topography is distinct between the upstream and downstream section: in the downstream section ( −1 ) can only be explained through very low basal friction, leading to a substantial amount of basal sliding in the downstream 65 km of the glacier. All the above lines of evidence (sediment bed, wetness and basal motion) and the relatively flat grounding zone give the potential for West Ragnhild Glacier to be more sensitive to external forcing compared to other major outlet glaciers in this region, which are more stable due to their bed geometry (e.g. Shirase Glacier).
Financial Education for Long-term Savings and Investments: Review of Research and Literature

Long-term savings and investments (LTSI) by individuals enhances their financial security while also supporting growth and financial development. Evidence shows that financial knowledge and skills are positively related to LTSI behaviour, and indicates a strong correlation between levels of financial literacy and retirement wealth accumulation. However, both the quantity and quality of LTSI are often worryingly low, pointing to an important role for financial education to increase levels of financial literacy and thus improve LTSI among individuals. Evaluations of various types of financial education aimed at increasing LTSI have identified some promising results. Initial findings suggest the need for additional, targeted evaluation of education programmes to compare the effects of different delivery channels and the intensity of provision in order to identify optimal approaches. More detailed research is also important to fully understand why some evaluations indicate mixed outcomes from certain programmes.
FeAl Intermetallic Alloy: Its Heat-Resistant and Practical Application

Intermetallic phases, as a group of materials which have a great practical importance, both in the past and in the present day, are subject of research on the basis of physicochemical and mechanical properties. The presented studies were conducted for Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB intermetallic alloy, their purpose was to determine the corrosion resistance of this alloy in an oxidizing environment, at temperatures up to 1373 K. The test material was made of Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB intermetallic alloy after plastic processing. The kinetics of corrosion, allotropic variants according to the temperature of the process and the surface condition after corrosion were determined during the study. Based on the results obtained, the verification was performed under operating conditions. Taking into account the properties of the FeAl alloys, the working conditions and material requirements of turbochargers, studies have been undertaken to determine the possibility of the use of Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB intermetallic alloys for components of the hot turbocharger of the automobile with compression ignition engines. The components of the hot turbocharger parts were used from the test material. The tests distance of turbocharger was 80,000 km.
Towards crowdsourcing spatial manufacturing tasks from rural India

Many tasks involving production software that involve spatial reasoning can only produce "good" rather than optimum solutions. It is frequently possible for humans to improve on algorithmically generated solutions computed by CAD/CAM software. The thesis motivating this research is that large numbers of industrial optimisation tasks involving spatial reasoning (such as 2D part nesting) can be outsourced as human intelligence tasks to rural workers to provide a sustainable source of skilled employment. We hypothesis that 3D spatial reasoning ability is essential to solve spatial optimization tasks. In this paper we reported the 3D spatial manipulation ability of eighty rural workers in four rural business process outsourcing (BPO) centres in India. The assessments reveal that although the average spatial manipulation ability is less than the literature reported benchmark, there are talented workers identified in all the four rural centres, and the results identify priority activities required to enable the proposed approach.
Exploring Conditions for Transformative Learning in Work-Integrated Education.

A qualitative study was undertaken that explored the conditions for transformative learning in cooperative education as a form of work-integrated learning (WIL), towards the development of a theoretical model. Four case studies were analyzed based on interviews with WIL students, supervisors and their co-op coordinator. The findings revealed that the enablers most involved in contributing to transformative learning were: opportunities for work and learning, a supportive environment, student capabilities, co-workers, supervisors, and assessment and reflection practices. Furthermore, the integration of these transformative outcomes into the WIL academic program or workplace was dependent upon the time and value given to transformative processes, institutional requirements and a positive emotional environment. The implications of these findings are that WIL theoretical models include considerations of: perspective, socio-cultural context, dialectic and mediated processes, time and creating a positive emotional space to support the critical reflection necessary for transformative learning outcomes. Furthermore, adopting a view of WIL as an interaction between two systems opens up possibilities for innovation and renewal in our WIL programs and workplaces. (Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, Special Issue, 2015, 16(2), 137-144)
Pursuit-evasion in a two-dimensional domain

In a pursuit-evasion game, a team of pursuers attempt to capture an evader. The players alternate turns, move with equal speed, and have full information about the state of the game. We consider the most restrictive capture condition: a pursuer must become colocated with the evader to win the game. We prove two general results about this adversarial motion planning problem in geometric spaces. First, we show that one pursuer has a winning strategy in any compact CAT(0) space. This complements a result of Alexander, Bishop and Ghrist, who provide a winning strategy for a game with positive capture radius. Second, we consider the game played in a compact domain in Euclidean two-space with piecewise analytic boundary and arbitrary Euler characteristic. We show that three pursuers always have a winning strategy by extending recent work of Bhadauria, Klein, Isler and Suri from polygonal environments to our more general setting.
Perceived Diversity and Acceptance of Minority Ethnic Groups in Two Urban Contexts

This paper investigates the relationship between perceived ethnic diversity at the neighbourhood level and acceptance of minority ethnic groups. We draw on a representative survey conducted in two dissimilar diversity contexts—Leeds, UK and Warsaw, Poland. The results of multilevel models demonstrate that in both cities, an increase in perceived ethnic diversity in the neighbourhood is related to an increase in ethnic prejudice of White-British and Polish people. However, the negative association of subjective perceptions of diversity with attitudes depends on the level of actual diversity in the neighbourhood. In Leeds, perceived diversity is more strongly negatively related with attitudes of residents living in more ethnically diverse neighbourhoods, while in Warsaw, in more homogenous neighbourhoods. We also find that in Leeds, the relationship between acceptance of minority ethnic groups and perceptions of diversity is moderated by the recent change in neighbourhood actual diversity (especially inflow of minorities of ‘other White’ and ‘Mixed’ ethnicity) and change in neighbourhood deprivation (increase in council housing). The findings testify to the importance of conducting comparative studies of the diversity of effects in various settings across Europe and the potential of using subjective measures of diversity in future research.
Health Related Quality of Life in a Large Community Sample of Diabetic Patients in a Spanish Region

The background of this article is to evaluate Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of patients with diabetes mellitus living in the community and to assess associated factors. A crosssectional survey through telephone interviews was performed on a sample of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, randomly selected from the Primary Care Database of a Spanish region . The survey included information on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, HRQoL (SF-12v2), and health-related behaviours. Poor health was defined as a score below the 25 th percentile of the corresponding gender and age group of the general population based-norms. Logistic regression models were constructed, separately by gender, to identify the factors associated with poor health. Of 1,187 patients included, only 22.6% and 31.5% presented, respectively, poor physical and mental health. The lowest HRQoL was observed in middle-aged women with diabetes, (OR= 12.0 [95%CI=5.6-25.8] for poor physical health and 6.9 [95%CI=3.5-13.7], for poor mental health). Non-psychiatric comorbidity was independently associated to poor physical health (OR= 2.5 [95%CI=1.5-4.2] for female and 1.7 [95%CI=1.0-2.7] for male patients). On the other hand, physical activity was a protective factor of both poor physical and poor mental health, among both female and male diabetics (ORs ranging from 0.4 to 0.6). HRQoL of community diabetes patients is heterogeneous and particularly worse for female than for male patients. A similar positive association with better HRQoL was found for both genders between physical activity and absence of comorbidity. These results provide very relevant patient-based outcomes to facilitate the identification of vulnerable patients to design specific health programs.
Effect of breed , hemicastration and FSH on the ovarian follicular population of ewe lambs

Utilisant la méthode histologique quantitative de l'ovaire, on a comparé l'effet race, hémicastration et traitement avec FSH après hémicastration chez l'agnelle âgée de 15 jours de deux races différant par leur taux d'ovulation: D'man (haute prolificité), Timahdite (basse prolificité). Le nombre et la distribution des follicules ovariens ne difIèrent pas significativement entre les deux races à l'âge de 15 jours et l'hémicastration n'a pas d'effet à courtterme sur la population des follicIes ovariens et sur la concentration de FSH. La concentration de FSH augmente après hémicastration et injection de FSH. Le nombre des follicules primordiaux (avec une couche de cellules cubiques) augmente après traitement avec FSH, Le nombre de follicules à antrum est doublé et l'atrésie est réduite de moitié chez les deux races. La race prolifique (D'man) montre une sensibilité à la stimulation par FSH plus marquée que chez la race non-prolifique (Timahdite),