Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SH003 suppresses breast cancer growth by accumulating p62 in autolysosomes

Drug markets revisits herbal medicines, as historical usages address their therapeutic efficacies with less adverse effects. Moreover, herbal medicines save both cost and time in development. SH003, a modified version of traditional herbal medicine extracted from Astragalus membranaceus (Am), Angelica gigas (Ag), and Trichosanthes Kirilowii Maximowicz (Tk) with 1:1:1 ratio (w/w) has been revealed to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis on highly metastatic breast cancer cells, both in vivo and in vitro with no toxicity. Meanwhile, autophagy is imperative for maintenance cellular homeostasis, thereby playing critical roles in cancer progression. Inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological agents induces apoptotic cell death in cancer cells, resulting in cancer treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that SH003-induced autophagy via inhibiting STAT3 and mTOR results in an induction of lysosomal p62/SQSTM1 accumulation-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and attenuates tumor growth. SH003 induced autophagosome and autolysosome formation by inhibiting activation of STAT3- and mTOR-mediated signaling pathways. However, SH003 blocked autophagy-mediated p62/SQSTM1 degradation through reducing of lysosomal proteases, Cathepsins, resulting in accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 in the lysosome. The accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 caused the increase of ROS, which resulted in the induction of apoptotic cell death. Therefore, we conclude that SH003 suppresses breast cancer growth by inducing autophagy. In addition, SH003-induced p62/SQSTM1 could function as an important mediator for ROS generation-dependent cell death suggesting that SH003 may be useful for treating breast cancer.
Globalisation as we enter the 21st century: Reflections and directions for nursing education, science, research and clinical practice

The events of September 11th, 2001 in the United States and the Bali bombings of October 2002 are chastening examples of the entangled web of the religious, political, health, cultural and economic forces we experience living in a global community. To view these forces as independent, singular, linearly deterministic entities of globalisation is irrational and illogical. Understanding the concept of globalisation has significant implications not only for world health and international politics, but also the health of individuals. Depending on an individual’s political stance and world-view, globalisation may be perceived as an emancipatory force, having the potential to bridge the chasm between rich and poor or, in stark contrast, the very essence of the divide. It is important that nurses appreciate that globalisation does not pertain solely to the realms of economic theory and world politics, but also that it impacts on our daily nursing practice and the welfare of our patients. Globalisation and the closer interactions of human activity that result, have implications for international governance, policy and theory development as well as nursing education, research and clinical practice. Nurses, individually and collectively, have the political power and social consciousness to influence the forces of globalisation to improve health for all. This paper defines and discusses globalisation in today’s world and its implications for contemporary nursing education, science, research and clinical practice.
Genetic Susceptibility for Lung Cancer: Interactions with Gender and Smoking History and Impact on Early Detection Policies

Objectives: To identify a subgroup of former, current and never smokers (males and females) at high risk for developing lung cancer, based on their genetic susceptibility profiles, to estimate their lifetime probabilities of the disease, and to assess the potential mortality reduction that could be achieved by screening the high-risk group. Methods: Case-control data (764 cases and 677 matched controls), on two assays of DNA damage and repair (mutagen susceptibility and DNA repair capacity, DRC) in different smoking categories were used to obtain estimates of susceptibility using the formula of total probability. The estimates were inserted into a model of lung cancer natural history and detection by screening to assess mortality reduction due to screening of high-risk individuals. Results: The high-risk group was defined as that 12.5% of the population who were above the third quartile for bleomycin sensitivity and below the median for DRC. High-risk male current, former, and never smokers had lifetime probabilities for developing lung cancer of 38, 21, and 5%, respectively. Females had lower probabilities to develop lung cancer: 15, 8, and 1.5% for high-risk current, former, and never smokers, respectively. Screening of high-risk smokers (12.5% of all smokers) reduced overall mortality by 7% compared to 30% reduction if all smokers were screened. Analogous results were obtained for former and never smokers. Conclusions: Genetic susceptibility constitutes an important factor in the selection of a high-risk group for early lung cancer detection.
The life situation of parents over the first year after their child's cancer diagnosis

Aim: To evaluate the impact of childhood cancer on the life of the parents. Method: A 1‐y follow‐up study, with two time points for questionnaires, was completed in 21 out of 26 eligible families, and there were 46 control families matched by mothers’educational status. Results: Half of the mothers worked outside home during the first year of their child's illness. The perceived amount of lost family income was high during the first few months. The attitudes of the parents were fairly positive as their family life and spouse relations were concerned. Feelings of being under strain or stressed were, by the mothers, described as intolerable in the beginning. However, standardized anxiety assessment failed to show an increase in feelings of anxiety. Own health was rated significantly negative by cancer parents.
Tourniquet pain in a volunteer study: effect of changes in cuff width and pressure

This study examines the relationship between pneumatic tourniquet cuff size, occlusion pressure and the resulting pain. Two tourniquet cuff widths were used, a wide (14 cm) and a narrow cuff (7 cm). Twenty volunteers were divided into two groups for tourniquet application: a pressure group in which the tourniquet was inflated to a pressure equal to the systolic pressure + 100 mmHg, and a saturation group in which the tourniquet was inflated to 10 mmHg above the loss of arterial pulse, as indicated by cessation of pulse waveform on an oximeter. According to a randomised cross‐over protocol, subjects were studied using wide and narrow cuffs simultaneously and/or successively on both arms. Pain was assessed by subjects by means of a visual analogue score (0–10 cm). Occlusion pressures were similar for all volunteers in the pressure group and significantly higher than those in the saturation group with both the wide and narrow tourniquets. The wide cuff data turned out to be significantly lower than the narrow cuff results. Subjects in the pressure group could tolerate pain with the narrow cuff for significantly longer than with the wide cuff. However, in the saturation group, volunteers tolerated the wide cuff for longer. Pain intensity increased more rapidly in those in the pressure group with the wide cuff than with the narrow cuff. In contrast, volunteers in the saturation group found the narrow cuff to be more painful than the wide cuff. In conclusion, this study has shown that a wide tourniquet cuff is less painful than a narrow cuff if inflated at lower pressures and at these lower pressures it is still effective at occluding blood flow.
Lung Function After Lobectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Trial Comparing Thoracic Epidural Ropivacaine/Sufentanil and Intravenous Morphine for Patient-Controlled Analgesia

BACKGROUND: Although thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is considered superior to IV opioids for postoperative analgesia after thoracic surgery, a few studies clearly demonstrate an improvement in pulmonary function attributable to TEA using a local anesthetic in combination with an opioid. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the effects of TEA with ropivacaine and sufentanil (TEA group) to IV morphine (IV group), as they affected pain and pulmonary function after lobectomy in 68 patients. Pain intensity, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, forced expiratory flows, and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure as a marker of inspiratory muscle strength were measured from the first to the fourth postoperative day. RESULTS: Pain relief was better in the TEA group at rest and on coughing (P < 0.001). The impairment of FVC and FEV1 was less in the TEA group when compared with that in the IV group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, FEV1/FVC ratio, and expiratory flow values decreased similarly in both groups. In-hospital mortality, as well as postoperative pulmonary complications, was not different between groups. CONCLUSION: After lobectomy, TEA enables a significant increase in pulmonary function concomitant with better pain relief than systemic morphine, although a modest intercostal motor block may occur.
Preterm infants who are prone to distress: differential effects of parenting on 36-month behavioral and cognitive outcomes.

BACKGROUND The differential susceptibility (DS) model suggests that temperamentally prone-to-distress infants may exhibit adverse outcomes in negative environments but optimal outcomes in positive environments. This study explored temperament, parenting, and 36-month cognition and behavior in preterm infants using the DS model. We hypothesized that temperamentally prone to distress preterm infants would exhibit more optimal cognition and fewer behavior problems when early parenting was positive; and less optimal cognition and more behavior problems when early parenting was less positive. METHODS Participants included 109 preterm infants (gestation <37 weeks) and their mothers. We assessed neonatal risk and basal vagal tone in the neonatal intensive care unit; infant temperament and parenting interactions at 9 months post-term; and child behavior and cognitive skills at 36 months post-term. Hierarchical regression analyses tested study hypotheses. RESULTS Temperamentally prone-to-distress infants exhibited more externalizing problems if they experienced more critical parenting at 9 months (β = -.20, p < 0.05) but fewer externalizing problems with more positive parenting. Similarly, variations in maternal positive affect (β = .25, p < .01) and intrusive behaviors (β = .23, p < .05) at 9 months predicted 36-month cognition at high but not at low levels of infant temperamental distress. Higher basal vagal tone predicted fewer externalizing problems (β = -.19, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Early parenting behaviors relate to later behavior and development in preterm infants who are temperamentally prone to distress, and neonatal basal vagal tone predicts subsequent externalizing behaviors. These findings suggest that both biological reactivity and quality of caregiving are important predictors for later outcomes in preterm infants and may be considered as foci for developmental surveillance and interventions.
Effect of Metal-Rich Sludge Amendments on the Soil Microbial Community

ABSTRACT The effects of heavy-metal-containing sewage sludge on the soil microbial community were studied in two agricultural soils of different textures, which had been contaminated separately with three predominantly single metals (Cu, Zn, and Ni) at two different levels more than 20 years ago. We compared three community-based microbiological measurements, namely, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to reveal changes in species composition, the Biolog system to indicate metabolic fingerprints of microbial communities, and the thymidine incorporation technique to measure bacterial community tolerance. In the Luddington soil, bacterial community tolerance increased in all metal treatments compared to an unpolluted-sludge-treated control soil. Community tolerance to specific metals increased the most when the same metal was added to the soil; for example, tolerance to Cu increased most in Cu-polluted treatments. A dose-response effect was also evident. There were also indications of cotolerance to metals whose concentration had not been elevated by the sludge treatment. The PLFA pattern changed in all metal treatments, but the interpretation was complicated by the soil moisture content, which also affected the results. The Biolog measurements indicated similar effects of metals and moisture to the PLFA measurements, but due to high variation between replicates, no significant differences compared to the uncontaminated control were found. In the Lee Valley soil, significant increases in community tolerance were found for the high levels of Cu and Zn, while the PLFA pattern was significantly altered for the soils with high levels of Cu, Ni, and Zn. No effects on the Biolog measurements were found in this soil.
Worker Participation in Employee-Owned Firms

This article, which is a part of a larger comprehensive study of the effects of employee ownership and worker participation on productivity in the United States, focuses on and documents the lack of worker participation in employee-owned firms [Rooney 1987]. It is estimated that more than 7,000 U.S. firms covering some 10 million employees have some degree of employee ownership [Rosen, Klein and Young 1986, p. 15]. By employee ownership, we simply mean that most of the employees own some shares of stock in the company in which they work. While most employee-owned firms have less than a majority ownership stake, several hundred U.S. firms are majority emp10yeeowned, and are the target of this study.
Genetic Variants and Hamstring Injury in Soccer: An Association and Validation Study

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with noncontact hamstring muscle injuries in elite soccer players and to create and validate a model to assess the risk of hamstring injury. Methods A total of 107 elite male outfield players were prospectively followed for six seasons. Players were genotyped for 37 SNP previously investigated in relation to musculoskeletal injuries. The association of SNP, previous injury, age, level of play, position, and anthropometric data with 129 hamstring injuries (413 observations) was investigated in the discovery phase (2010–2015), and a multivariable Cox frailty model was created using forward selection. The model’s discriminative ability was tested in the validation phase (2015–2016, 31 injuries, 98 observations) using Harrell’s C index. Results Five SNP were found to be significantly associated with hamstring injury in a multivariable model: matrix metalloproteinase 3 rs679620 (A vs G, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51–2.81), tenascin C rs2104772 (A vs T, HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.17–2.32), interleukin 6 rs1800795 (GG vs GC + CC, HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.11–2.53), nitric oxide synthase 3 rs1799983 (G vs T, HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.01–1.79), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1&agr; rs11549465 (CC vs CT, HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.00–4.29). Age also entered the model (≥24 vs <24 yr, HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.29–3.42). The model showed acceptable discrimination in the discovery phase (C index = 0.74), but not in the validation phase (C index = 0.52). Conclusion Genetic variants appear to be involved in the etiology of hamstring injuries but were not found to have predictive value by themselves. Further research, increasing the number of genetic variants and including environmental factors in complex multifactorial risk models, is necessary.
The Family Business Tradition in Britain and Norway

We offer a comparison between micro businesses operating in the business service sector in Britain and family fishing businesses in Norway. This is used to challenge the conventional focus of business research on the entrepreneurial individual and his (more recently, also her) responses to risk. Both studies arose from our interests in the impact of economic restructuring on households and families. The family proved to be an important part of business behavior and organization in each of these sectors. Once the significance of the family for embedding business is understood (Granovetter, 1984), it is not enough to consider the ways in which business owners handle risk: Family responses to the insecurity of household livelihoods must also be taken into account.
Complementary Online Services in Competitive Markets: Maintaining Profitability in the Presence of Network Effects

A growing number of firms are strategically utilizing information technology and the Internet to provide online services to consumers who buy their products. Online services differ from traditional services because they often promote interactivity among users and exhibit positive network effects. While the service increases the value obtained by consumers, network effects are known to intensify price competition and thus may reduce firms' profits. In this paper, we model the competition between two firms that sell a differentiated product when each firm can offer a complementary online service to its customers. We derive the market equilibrium and determine how firms should adjust their strategies to account for network effects. We find that when the service exhibits network effects, a firm's decision whether or not to offer the service depends on both the competitor's decision and the competitor's service quality. When the service does not exhibit network effects, this is not the case. In addition, we show that a firm can benefit from the technological ability to offer the service, and from an increase in the strength of network effects or in the market size of the service, only when the value customers derive from the direct functionalities (those that do not rely on the network) of the service are sufficiently high. As a result, a firm's investment in the direct functionalities of its service increases with the strength of network effects of the service as long as the marginal development cost is not too high. Finally, we show that inefficiencies in terms of the number of firms offering the service as well as the total number of service users may prevail.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for the treatment of hepatic hydrothorax: report of twelve cases

BackgroundHepatic hydrothorax is defined as a significant pleural effusion in patients with liver cirrhosis and without underlying cardiopulmonary diseases. Treatment of hepatic hydrothorax remains a challenge at present.MethodsHerein we share our experiences in the treatment of 12 patients with hepatic hydrothorax by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Repair of the diaphragmatic defects, or pleurodesis by focal pleurectomy, talc spray, mechanical abrasion, electro-cauterization or injection was administered intraoperatively, and tetracycline intrapleural injection was used postoperatively for patients with prolonged (>7 d) high-output (>300 ml/d) pleural effusion.ResultsOut of the 12 patients, 8 (67%) had uneventful postoperative course and did not require tube for drainage more than 3 months after discharge. In 4 (33%) patients the pleural effusion still recurred after discharge due to end-stage cirrhosis with massive ascites.ConclusionWe conclude that the repair of the diaphragmatic defect and pleurodesis through VATS could be an alternative of transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt (TIPS) or a bridge to liver transplantation for patients with refractory hepatic hydrothorax. Pleurodesis with electrocauterization can be an alternative therapy if talc is unavailable.
Lifestyle factors and adolescent depressive symptomatology: Associations and effect sizes of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour

Objective: Depression affects many Australian adolescents. Research points to the potential of lifestyle improvement for the population-level prevention of mental disorders. However, most studies examine single relationships without considering the combined contribution of lifestyle factors to variance in depression. This study examined associations between adolescent diet, physical activity and screen time behaviours and depressive symptomatology. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of year 8 and 10 students was recruited from 23 participating schools in 18 Victorian communities. Students were recruited using opt-out consent, resulting in 3295 participants from 4680 registered school enrolments (Participation Rate: 70.4%). Participants completed a supervised self-report questionnaire comprising Moods and Feelings Questionnaire–Short Form, an assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviours during and outside school, and weekly food intake. Surveyed covariates included hours of sleep per night, age, socio-economic status and measured anthropometry. A hierarchical regression stratified by gender was conducted, with dichotomised Moods and Feelings Questionnaire–Short Form score as the outcome, and screen time, physical activity and dietary patterns as predictors. Nested regression analyses were then conducted to ascertain the variance in Moods and Feelings Questionnaire–Short Form score attributable to each significant predictor from the initial regression. Results: Increased scores on an unhealthy dietary pattern (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% confidence interval = [1.07, 1.32]) and physical activity guideline attainment (0.91; [0.85, 0.97]) were associated with depressive symptomatology in males, while screen time guideline attainment (0.95; [0.91, 0.98]) was associated with depression in females. No association was observed between healthy diet pattern and Moods and Feelings Questionnaire–Short Form. Overall, effect sizes were generally small, and the regression model accounted for 5.22% of Moods and Feelings Questionnaire–Short Form variance. Conclusion: Gender-specific associations were observed between physical activity and both sedentary and dietary behaviours and depressive symptomatology among adolescents, although reverse causality cannot be refuted at this stage. Lifestyle behaviours may represent a modifiable target for the prevention of depressive symptomatology in adolescents.
Shotgun proteomics approach to characterizing the embryonic proteome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, at labrum appearance stage

The shotgun approach has gained considerable acknowledgement in recent years as a dominant strategy in proteomics. We observed a dramatic increase of specific protein spots in two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) gels of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) embryo at labrum appearance, a characteristic stage during embryonic development of silkworm which is involved with temperature increase by silkworm raiser. We employed shotgun liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) technology to analyse the proteome of B. mori embryos at this stage. A total of 2168 proteins were identified with an in‐house database. Approximately 47% of them had isoelectric point (pI) values distributed theoretically in the range pI 5–7 and approximately 60% of them had molecular weights of 15–45 kDa. Furthermore, 111 proteins had an pI greater than 10 and were difficult to separate by 2‐DE. Many important functional proteins related to embryonic development, stress response, DNA transcription/translation, cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, organogenesis and reproduction were identified. Among them proteins related to nervous system development were noticeable. All known heat shock proteins (HSPs) were detected in this developmental stage of B. mori embryo. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed energetic metabolism at this stage. These results were expected to provide more information for proteomic monitoring of the insect embryo and better understanding of the spatiotemporal expression of genes during embryonic developmental processes.