Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon Tax Based on the Imputed Price of Carbon

Although an international carbon tax is a method to efficiently abate CO2 emissions, it might be a heavy economic burden for poorer countries if the tax rate is unified among countries. A carbon tax based on the imputed price of carbon (ICT) is an international carbon tax with tax rates that differ among countries according to their economic levels. Although the effects were analyzed statically in the previous studies, understanding the dynamic effects is important considering the characteristics of the tax. The purpose of this study is to analyze the short-term dynamic influence of ICT on environment and economy by applying a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, and comparing ICT with an internationally common carbon tax (CCT). The ICT rate of each region is calculated based on a certain formula and updated every year. In contrast, the CCT rate is fixed and set to achieve an equal change in world GDP in the final year to the case of ICT. As a result, the world CO2 emissions abatement amount is smaller in the case of ICT than in that of CCT. From this point of view, CCT is considered a better approach. However, considering the economic aspects simultaneously, the suitability of CCT diminishes. The patterns of the GDP changes among the regions are quite different between the two taxes. For developed countries, the negative influence is smaller in the case of CCT. On the other hand, it is smaller in the case of ICT for developing countries. Furthermore, the percentage of GDP of the developing countries in the world increases and disparities of per capita GDP among the regions become narrower in the case of ICT. This means that economic disparities between the developed and developing countries are narrowed. Also, since the tax rates imposed on the developing countries are not merely low but are updated according to their economic levels, the difference of the rates among the regions is expected to become smaller as the growth rates of the developing countries become higher. Actually, it is observed that increase rates of ICT are higher in the developing countries. As a result, a tradeoff between economic equity and CO2 emissions abatement occurs between ICT and CCT. Further consideration of economic aspects is indispensable for future climate change policies. In the light of the importance of worldwide introduction of CO2 abatement policies and avoidance of excessive burdens on developing countries, ICT is regarded as a highly feasible carbon tax policy.
Physical properties and scaling relations of molecular clouds: the effect of stellar feedback

Using hydrodynamical simulations of entire galactic discs similar to the Milky Way (MW), reaching 4.6{ pc} resolution, we study the origins of observed physical properties of giant molecular clouds (GMCs). We find that efficient stellar feedback is a necessary ingredient in order to develop a realistic interstellar medium, leading to molecular cloud masses, sizes, velocity dispersions, and virial parameters in excellent agreement with MW observations. GMC scaling relations observed in the MW, such as the mass-size (M-R), velocity dispersion-size (σ-R), and the σ-RΣ relations, are reproduced in a feedback-driven ISM when observed in projection, with M∝R2.3 and σ∝R0.56. When analysed in 3D, GMC scaling relations steepen significantly, indicating potential limitations of our understanding of molecular cloud 3D structure from observations. Furthermore, we demonstrate how a GMC population's underlying distribution of virial parameters can strongly influence the scatter in derived scaling relations. Finally, we show that GMCs with nearly identical global properties exist in different evolutionary stages, where a majority of clouds being either gravitationally bound or expanding, but with a significant fraction being compressed by external ISM pressure, at all times.
Research advances on nitrate nitrogen reutilization by proton pump of tonoplast and its relation to nitrogen use efficiency.

Large amount of N03 --N are accumulated in vacuole, and cannot be timeously reducted, reutilized and transported into cytoplasm. It is the main reason for great N03 --N accumulation in vacuole and nitrogen (N) use efficiency cannot be further improved. Transport mechanism of N03 --N across tonoplast is explained in this paper, there are two proton pumps (H+-ATPase and H+-PPase) on tonoplast with absolutely different biology functions and physical characteristic. Mg.ATP and Mg.PPi are the specific substrates of H+-ATPase and H+-PPase respectively, hydrolysis H+ is pumped into vacuole, and contribution to build electrochemical proton gradient between cytoplasm and vacuole. N03 --N transport from vacuole to cytoplasm greatly depends on electrochemical proton gradient, N03 --N transport from cytoplasm to vacuole is mainly achieved by vacuole H+/N03 - antiport system, while symport system (vacuole N03 --N combined with anion) is of benefit for vacuole N03 --N transporting into cytoplasm. N03 --N transported by proton pump of tonoplast is influenced by NR activity in cytoplasm, N03 --N can be continuing assimilation and reduction by NR in cytoplasm, and accelerating vacuole N03 --N transported into cytoplasm. These results will supply references and research forecast for further study on efficiency and practicable methods of N utilization, and improving reuse efficiency of N03 --N in plant tissues.
On the Interfacial Potential Differences for the Extraction of Alkaline- Earth Metal Picrates by 18-Crown-6 Ether Derivatives into Nitrobenzene

ndividual distribution constants ( K D,A ) of picrate ion (Pic − ) into nitrobenzene (NB) were determined at 298 K and given values of ionic strength, together with the determination of an extraction constant ( K ex ) for the extraction of alkaline-earth metal picrates, MPic 2 , by 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) and benzo-18C6 (B18C6). Here, K D,A and K ex were defined as [A − ] NB /[A − ] and [MLA 2 ] NB /[M 2+ ][L] NB [A − ] 2 , respectively: A − shows Pic − , L does either 18C6 or B18C6 and the subscript “NB” refers to the NB phase. Interfacial potential differences (∆ φ eq in a V unit) at extraction equilibria were evaluated from differences between the experimental log K D,Pic and its standardized values (log KD , Pic S ) which have been determined by electrochemical measurements at a water/NB interface. By a combination with the K ex values, other extraction constants, K ex± =[MLPic + ] NB [Pic − ] NB /[M 2+ ][L] NB [Pic − ] 2 , were also determined. Electrochemically- standardized log K ex± values, log K ex± S ones, were calculated from the relation of log K ex± = (∆ φ eq /0.05916) + log K ex± S at 298 K. Using the log K ex± S values, their correlation with the log K ex± ones was discussed. Additionally, ion-pair forma- tion constants ( K 1,NB & K 2,NB ) for the stepwise reactions of ML 2+ with Pic − in the NB phase were evaluated from K ex , K ex± and another constant ( K ex2± ) reported before at ∆ φ eq = 0. Here, K 2,NB was evaluated from K ex / K ex± and K 1,NB is defined as [MLPic + ] NB /[ML 2+ ] NB [Pic − ] NB , which was evaluated from the relation of K 1,NB = K ex± / K ex2± . Moreover, reproductions of the electrochemically-standardized K ex± and K ex2± values were tried, using the ∆ φ eq values and relations between K ex± or K ex2± and component equilibrium constants constituting their extraction ones. Consequently, a functional expres - sion of K ex± with ∆ φ eq was extended into the MPic 2 -L extraction systems, in addition to the AgPic-L extraction ones reported previously
Possible protective role of palm oil and beef liver on the kidney and liver of wistar albino rats fed diesel-contaminated diet

We investigated the effects of eight weeks of a diesel-contaminated diet on liver and kidney of Wistar Albino rats, as well as the possible protective role of palm oil and beef liver. There was a significant increase in serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of rats fed with dieselcontaminated diet compared with the controls, indicating damage to the liver. Rats fed with diesel- contaminated diets also exhibited a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine, indicating kidney damage. While there was a significant reduction in the activities of serum ALT and AST, as well as serum urea and creatinine in rats fed palm oil-pretreated diesel-contaminated diet, rats fed with beef liver-pretreated diesel-contaminated diet showed no significant decrease in serum ALT, AST, urea and creatinine as compared to those fed with diesel-contaminated diets. Histological examination of the kidney and liver revealed severe degenerative changes in the structural integrity of both hepatic and renal cells of rats fed with diesel-contaminated diets as compared to those of the controls and palm oil-pretreated diets. However, pretreatment of the diesel-contaminated diet with palm oil conferred some protection on both renal and hepatic cells. These observations may therefore suggest that palm oil may play a protective role against diesel-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Keywords: Contaminated-diet, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity
The Influence of Peer Teaching and Cooperative Learning Models towards Students’ Self-Confidence and Cooperation in Learning Volleyball

This study aims to find out how the influence of peer teaching model and cooperative learning model of selfconfidence and student teamwork in volleyball game. This research uses quantitative approach with experimental method which will get a primary data. How to obtain the data, the researcher uses an instrumentation through the dissemination of questionnaires distributed to the respondents (students) SMKN 5 Bandung who follow extracurricular volleyball. The instrument used is a self-confident instrument and instrument of teamwork. The questionnaire distributed in the form of a valid questionnaire that had been used by previous researchers. Sample method used in this research is total sampling with amount of 30 people, where 15 peer teaching model group model and 15 people group of cooperative learning model. Data analysis tools used by researchers in the form of Microsoft Excel 2013. Based on the results of research indicate that: a) peer teaching learning model has effects students' self-confidence; b) peer teaching model has effects student teamwork; c) cooperative learning model has effects students' self-confidence; d) cooperative learning model has effect on student teamwork; e) cooperative learning model has more effects on student selfconfidence; and f) cooperative learning model has more effects on student teamwork. Keywords—learning model; peer teaching; cooperative; selfconfidence; teamwork
Genomic diversity among Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L) mutants obtained through 60 Co gamma radiations using AFLP markers

60 Co) has been used to generate novel mutants of the Basmati rice. In this study rice cultivars; Basmati-370 and Basmati-Pak, were exposed to different doses of gamma radiations and stable mutants along with parents were studied for genomic diversity on the basis of molecular marker (AFLP). Morphological data showed that mutants of Basmati-370 performed well for yield and yield components and grain physical parameters whereas, the mutant EL-30-2-1 has extra long rain trait as compared to the parent (Basmati-Pak). The genetic variations determined through AFLP revealed a total of 282 scorable bands, out of which 108 (37.81%) were polymorphic. The number of fragments produced by various primers combinations ranged from 11 - 26 with an average of 17.63 fragments per primer combination. Maximum 26 bands were amplified with P-AAG/M-CAG primer combination and minimum one band was amplified with P-ATG/M-CTA primer combination. Two groups of genotypes were detected; group-A had DM-1-30-3-99, DM-1-30-34-99 and EF-1-20-52-04 mutants along with parent Basmati-370, whereas the group-B contained EL-30-2-1 and parent Basmati-Pak. The results of AFLP analysis indicated that the rate of polymorphism was 4.43% (DM-1-30-3-99), 4.25% (DM1-30-34-99) and 6.38% (EF-1-20-52-04) among the genomes of mutants and parent Basmati-370, respectively, whereas polymorphism rate was 5.32% between genome of EL-30-2-1 and Basmati-Pak. The study further confirmed that the use of gamma radiations is an effective approach for creating new rice germplasm.
Determinants of Recycling Behaviour in Tioman Island

The rapid increase in solid waste is a major environmental problem and recycling is argued to be a better solution to the problem. However, there is a broad agreement that there is a gap between the increasing awareness for recycling and the recycling behaviour among the consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the recycling behaviour among 62 residents of Tioman Island. A structured questionnaire that included 33 items is used to obtain the data. The findings show a significant relationship between recycling behaviour and collectivism; a positive, weak relationship with recycling attitudes; and a negative relationship with materialism.
A study of anaemia and its correlates among adolescent girls in schools of Haldwani, India

Background: Anaemia, a manifestation of under nutrition and poor dietary intake of iron is a public health problem, not only among pregnant women, infants and young children but also among adolescents. Anaemia among adolescent girls can result in impaired physical growth, poor cognition, reduced physical fitness and work performance and lower concentration on daily tasks.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in schools of Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India with the objective studying various socio-demographic characteristics in relation to anaemia among adolescent girls. Multistage random sampling was used to select adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years of age who were interviewed and examined. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test and Odds ratios calculated with SPSS v21.Results: Around 371 girls in present study had varying severity of anaemia and majority had mild to moderate anaemia. Place of residence, type of school, birth order, type of family and mother occupation were significantly associated with presence of anaemia. Girls taking mixed diet were 1.23 times more likely to be non-anaemic as compared to girls taking vegetarian diet. Study showed adolescent girls consuming IFA tablets were less likely anaemic compared to those not consuming (OR=0.09, p<0.001). Conclusions: Among school going adolescent girls nearly half are still suffering from anaemia in India, despite the efforts of government and it is still a challenging public health problem.
Micropropagation of Marsdenia brunoniana Wight & Arn. - A rare antidiabetic plant

Shoot multiplication of Marsdenia brunoniana was obtained from the nodal explants of mature plants using MS with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. Maximum explant response and highest number of shoots per explant was obtained on MS fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP. The highest degree of shoot profilieration was found to be 90%. The combination of BAP and Kn was also found to be effective for regeneration. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA, after sequential hardening, survival rate was 90%. Key words: Marsdenia brunoniana , Antidiabetic plant, Micropropagation, Conservation D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i1. 9613 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21 (1): 89-93, 2011 (June) - Short communication
Non-linear relation between industrial production and business surveys data

In this paper I compare different models, a linear and a non-linear one, for forecasting industrial production by means of some related indicators. I claim that the difficulties associated with the correct identification of a non-linear model could be a possible cause of the often observed worse performance of non-linear models with respect to linear ones observed in the empirical literature. To cope with this issue I use a non-linear non-parametric model. The results are promising, as the forecasting performance shows a clear improvement over the linear parametric model.
CONSTRAINT ROBUST PORTFOLIO SELECTION BY MULTIOBJECTIVE EVOLUTIONARY GENETIC ALGORITHM

The problem of portfolio selection is a very challenging problem in computational finance and has received a lot of attention in last few decades. Selecting an asset and optimal weighting of it from a set of available assets is a critical issue for which the decision maker takes several aspects into consideration. Different constraints like cardinality constraints, minimum buy in thresholds and maximum limit constraint are associated with assets selection. Financial returns associated are often strongly non-Gaussian in character, and exhibit multivariate outliers. Taking these constraints into consideration and with the presence of these outliers we consider a multi-objective problem where the percentage of each available asset is so selected that the total profit of the portfolio is maximized while total risk is minimized. Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II is used for solving this multiobjective portfolio selection problem. Performance of the proposed algorithm is carried out by performing different numerical experiments using real-world data.
Long non-coding RNA RNCR3 promotes glioma progression involving the Akt/GSK-3β pathway

Increasing evidence has confirmed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve critical roles in the development of a large number of human malignancies, including glioma. Several previously published studies have reported that the lncRNA retinal non-coding RNA3 (RNCR3; also termed LINC00599) exerts important roles in certain human malignancies; however, the precise biological role and underlying molecular mechanisms of RNCR3 in the development of glioma are yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, it was revealed that the expression of RNCR3 was increased in glioma tissues compared with in corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, increased levels of RNCR3 expression were associated with tumor progression and poor survival rates of patients with glioma. In addition, the U87 and U251 cell lines were selected to investigate the biological function and potential mechanisms of RNCR3 in glioma, and it was observed that RNCR3 knockdown led to an impairment of the proliferative and invasive abilities of cells; furthermore, G1 phase arrest was induced in glioma cells in vitro. Finally, the results of western blot analyses revealed that knockdown of RNCR3 led to a decrease in the expression levels of phosphorylated Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), without any clear effect on the expression levels of total Akt and GSK-3β. Collectively, these results suggested that RNCR3 is able to regulate cell proliferation, the cell cycle and cell invasion in glioma, potentially via the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
Poultry offal meal in broiler chicken feed

An outstanding feature of poultry production that provides animal protein yield for human feeding is its short production cycle. This characteristic has a linear relationship with waste production. Increasing the inclusion of this residue in diets in the near future is desirable in step with the growth of poultry production since it offers a better environmental and nutritional alternative to current methods. We evaluated the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens produced by the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in their feed. Treatments consisted of a control diet (corn, Zea mays and soybean, Glycine max) and four diets with inclusion of 30, 60, 90 and 120 g kg-1 of POM. The diets were formulated based on the level of digestible amino acid once categorized as isocalcic, isophosphoric, isosodic, isoenergetic and isonutritive for protein, methionine+cystine, lysine and threonine. The feed's electrolytes were corrected so that each diet had the same electrolytic balance. The variables analyzed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body weight, carcass yield, chicken cut yield and abdominal fat. Feed intake was not affected by the quantities of POM added. The weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and noble cuts presented quadratic responses to the treatments. Abdominal fat increased linearly. The performance of the poultry, and carcass characteristics were maximized by the inclusion of 53 and 65 g kg-1, respectively, of POM in the diet, and the inclusion of 120 g kg-1 of POM provided greater disposition of abdominal fat.
The Relationship between Time Perception and Emotional Interference on Autobiographical Memories

Over the past three decades studies have investigated whether people are able to look back in time and perceive themselves from a field (first-person) or observer perspective. A major field of cognitive psychology looked at time perception and memory and depended on emotional factors. The objective of the current research was to investigate the relationship of time estimations and emotional interference on autobiographical memories and whether perception of the field/ observer is related to the emotional factor. Two studies were conducted. In study.1 (pilot), participants were asked to recall a positive, negative, or a neutral autobiographical memory dating three to six years prior to the study. In study.2, participants were exposed to all three emotional autobiographical memory conditions during the task. Finally, each participants was asked whether they could look back and choose if they could perceive themselves as firstperson (field), or observer, or both in a given event. Results on both studies rejected the hypotheses and suggested no significant results. Participants showed no differences in their objective and subjective duration judgements of the original events and whether they perceive them to be firstperson, observer, or even both. These findings suggests further study in this field is needed as under certain experimental methods, emotional interferences and time perception may have an impact on one’s autobiographical memory.