Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lisinopril: A New Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

Lisinopril is a new, nonsulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor approved for the treatment of hypertension. After oral administration, 25–29 percent of the dose is absorbed intact; biotransformation is not required for pharmacological activity. Onset of action occurs one to two hours after administration, with effects still present 24 hours later. The major route of elimination is through renal excretion and an elimination half-life of 12.6 hours has been reported in normotensive individuals. In patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance ≤ 30 ml/min) a longer half-life and accumulation have been observed. Lisinopril 20–80 mg/d has been shown to be as effective as hydrochlorothiazide, nifedipine, and beta-blocking agents in the treatment of essential hypertension. Its efficacy in renovascular hypertension has also been demonstrated. In congestive heart failure (CHF) doses of 2.5–20 mg/d appear to provide hemodynamic effects comparable to those of captopril. Dizziness and cough have been the most frequently reported side effects; rash and proteinuria have also been reported in a small number of patients. Interactions with diuretics, potassium supplements, and possibly with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents may occur. Lisinopril appears to be similar in efficacy to other antihypertensive agents in the treatment of essential hypertension and to captopril in the treatment of CHF. Whether lisinopril is safer or more effective than captopril or enalapril in the treatment of hypertension or CHF requires further investigation. Prolonged duration of action of lisinopril allows once daily dosing, unlike captopril for which dosing is required every 8–12 hours or enalapril which may necessitate twice daily dosing.
High school students' long-term retention of sex education information.

Ninth grade students in a rural South Carolina school were pretested about sexuality information, completed a 12-unit reproductive health course in eight months, and were posttested. A control group received the same pretest and posttest. Both groups were retested after the 10th and 11th grades and mean scores were calculated and compared. The difference between the experimental group's pretest and posttest mean scores was 8.49 (p less than .001); the difference between the control group's pretest and posttest mean scores was 1.0 (p = .003). The experimental group's mean score remained at least 5.2 points higher (p less than .001) than the control group's score on the same test one and two years after the course. Comparison of the mean gain between the pretest and posttest scores, and between the pretest and fourth test scores, confirmed the results obtained by mean test scores. The test scores indicated that the knowledge of the experimental students increased significantly and was sustained for two years. Their scores remained significantly higher than those of the control group on the posttest, and on tests one and two years later.
Exploring the Micro-politics in Transitions from a Practice Perspective: The Case of Greenhouse Innovation in the Netherlands

Abstract This article takes up the challenge of moving beyond a dichotomous reading of ‘niches’ and ‘regimes’ in transition literature in order to grasp the power struggles involved in fundamental societal transformations. It is argued that the ‘practice turn’ in the social sciences, and particularly Knorr-Cetina's perspective on objects of knowledge, offer a promising starting point for doing so. To understand the micro-politics of transitions, an analytic framework is developed that combines a focus on power with a focus on the creativity at work in the reconfiguration of novel practices. It is used to analyse innovations in the domain of Dutch greenhouse farming and research in the 1990s and 2000s. In contrast with the definition of niches as purposeful constructions, it concludes that innovative practices are gradually and experimentally created out of discontent with, and in relation to, existing practices and that power dynamics involved in the process are tied up with three forms of creativity: (1) the articulation of innovative networks and concepts, (2) the consolidation of the resulting transformation of existing practices, and (3) the innovation of actual material objects. The second form of creativity is employed notably by ‘regime-actors'.
Synovial and serum levels of uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein (ucMGP) in patients with arthritis

Abstract Background: Matrix Gla-protein (MGP) is a calcification inhibitor produced by cartilage and vessel walls. Arthritis is defined by inflammation, cartilage and bone destruction/formation and articular calcifications. Our objectives were to evaluate ucMGP levels in synovial fluid (SF) in arthritis patients and to investigate the relationship between local and circulating ucMGP and their association with age and inflammation. Methods: Arthritis patients (n=26) with knee joint effusion and controls (n=30) underwent an ultrasonographic knee examination for articular calcifications assessment. Patients were divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory groups. ucMGP levels were determined in serum and SF using a competitive ELISA assay. Results: Within the arthritis patients, the inflammatory group had the lowest ucMGP serum levels, and the highest levels of synovial ucMGP. Furthermore, the inflammatory group had significantly (p<0.05) higher RucMGP (synovial ucMGP/serum ucMGP*100) than the non-inflammatory group [36 (17–69) vs. 24 (5–55)], and this parameter positively correlated (r=0.4; p<0.05) with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). No correlation was found between age and local or circulating ucMGP in patients and controls. Conclusions: The ucMGP assay can be used for determination of MGP in SF, and combined assessment of ucMGP in serum and SF could potentially serve as a joint inflammatory marker in arthritis patients.
Multi-Hop Bi-Directional Relay Transmission Schemes Using Amplify-and-Forward and Analog Network Coding

In this paper, we investigate two different multi-hop bi-directional relay transmission schemes based on amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol and analogue network coding (ANC). In the first scheme, referred to as the AF-ANC-Central scheme, AF is employed at each of the intermediate nodes, while ANC is only utilized at the central relay. In the second scheme, referred to as the AF-ANC-Even scheme, the even relays perform ANC and the odd relays only perform subtraction and AF. For reference purpose, the AF-No-ANC scheme is also considered, where the intermediate relays only perform AF and no ANC is employed. Bit error rate (BER) lower bounds of these three schemes are obtained, and are verified by Monte Carlo simulations to be asymptotically tight ones at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). It is shown that the combination of AF and ANC is able to significantly improve system throughput when compared with the AF-No-ANC scheme. The BER performance of the AF-ANC- Central and AF-No-ANC schemes are of the same at high SNR region under the same transmission powers and system configuration, but the AF-ANC-Central scheme is able to double the system throughput. The AF-ANC-Even is able to further increase the system throughput with an SNR loss upper bounded by 1.76 dB when compared to the AF-ANC-Central and AF-No-ANC schemes.
Full spectrum of psychiatric disorders related to foreign migration: a Danish population-based cohort study.

IMPORTANCE Although increased risk for schizophrenia among immigrants is well established, knowledge of the broader spectrum of psychiatric disorders associated with a foreign migration background is lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine the full range of psychiatric disorders associated with any type of foreign migration background among persons residing in Denmark, including foreign-born adoptees, first- and second-generation immigrants, native Danes with a history of foreign residence, and persons born abroad to Danish expatriates. DESIGN AND SETTING Danish population-based cohort study. Persons were followed up from their 10th birthday for the development of mental disorders based on outpatient and inpatient data. PARTICIPANTS All persons born between January 1, 1971, and December 31, 2000 (N = 1 859 419) residing in Denmark by their 10th birthday with follow-up data to December 31, 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and cumulative incidences for psychiatric outcomes. RESULTS All categories of foreign migration background, except persons born abroad to Danish expatriates, were associated with increased risk for at least 1 psychiatric disorder. Foreign-born adoptees had increased IRRs for all psychiatric disorders and had the highest IRRs for these disorders compared with other foreign migration categories. First- and second-generation immigrants having 2 foreign-born parents had significantly increased IRRs for schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders and had similar risk magnitudes. Second-generation immigrants having 1 foreign-born parent had significantly increased IRRs for all psychiatric disorders. Native Danes with a history of foreign residence had increased IRRs for bipolar affective disorder, affective disorders, personality disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The extent to which a background of foreign migration confers an increased risk for the broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders varies according to parental origin, with greatest risks for foreign-born adoptees. The spectrum of psychiatric disorders showed greater variation within the second-generation immigrant group than between first-generation vs second-generation immigrants, and the spectrum differed according to whether individuals had 1 or 2 foreign-born parents.
Each p[ɚ]son does it th[εː] way: Rhoticity variation and the community grammar

Abstract This paper examines individual differences in constraints on linguistic variation in light of Labov's (2007) proposal that adult change (diffusion) disrupts systems of constraints and Tamminga, MacKenzie, and Embick's (2016) typology of constraints. It is shown that, in pooling data from multiple speakers, some of the complexity in structured community variation may be overlooked. Data on rhoticity from speakers of Bristol English are compared to 34 previous studies of rhoticity in varieties of English around the world. Constraints found to be consistent across varieties are also found to be consistent across speakers of Bristol English, whereas those that differ between varieties also differ between individuals, implying that only those which differ are truly part of the grammar, and that these are indeed disrupted by diffusion.
First experiences with early intervention: a national perspective.

BACKGROUND Families of young children with disabilities are eligible for early intervention services as mandated by Part C of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. Although prior research has shown that families are generally satisfied with early intervention, this research has not been based on a nationally representative sample of families, nor has it systematically examined perceptions of the initial experiences entering early intervention. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine families' initial experiences in determining their child's eligibility, interactions with medical professionals, effort required to obtain services, participation in planning for services, satisfaction with services, and interactions with professionals. METHOD We interviewed a nationally representative sample of 3338 parents of young children with or at risk for disability. All the children had recently entered an early intervention program operated under the auspices of Part C of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. RESULTS The average age at which families reported a concern about their child was 7.4 months. A diagnosis was made, on average, 1.4 months later, the child was referred for early intervention an average of 5.2 months after the diagnosis, and the individualized family service plan was developed 1.7 months later or at an average age of 15.7 months. Most families were very positive about their entry into early intervention programs. They reported discussing their concerns with a medical professional and finding that person helpful. Families reported relative ease in accessing services, felt that services were related to their perceived needs, rated positively the professionals working in early intervention, and felt that they had a role in making key decisions about child and family goals. A small percentage of families experienced significant delays in getting services, wanted more involvement in service planning, or felt that services were inadequate, and nearly 20% were unaware of the existence of a written plan for services. Minority families, families with limited income, and families with less-educated mothers were more likely to report negative experiences. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the beginning of early intervention services generally is highly successful and responsive, a finding that should give pediatricians more confidence in referring families for early intervention services. However, research and local evaluation efforts are needed to develop strategies to assure that all families receive services in a timely and appropriate fashion.
HPLC assay and pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of glycyrrhetinic acid liposomes modified with galactosylated lipid

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposome modified with galactosylated lipid (NOH-GA-LP), compared with GA conventional liposome (GA-LP) and GA solution in mice. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of liposomal and solution formulation of GA in mice were studied after intravenous administration. Plasma and tissues were treated using liquid-liquid extraction and determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results showed that the mean residence times of NOH-GA-LP (2.99-fold) and GA-LP (2.94-fold) were higher than that of the GA solution in plasma. NOH-GA-LP produced a drug concentration in the liver that was markedly higher than that in other tissues and was approximately 2.0- and 4.8-fold of that of GA-LP and GA solution, respectively. In conclusion, the NOH-GA-LP prepared in this study is a promising sustained-release and drug-targeting system for antitumor drugs.
Fiscal Decentralization in Specific Areas of Government

Abstract: This study makes a contribution in two basic areas. First, it sets up a model which combines efficiency as well as political economy aspects in explain�ing the degree of fiscal decentralization. It innovates in making explicit the bene�fits from better informed politicians and policy makers (Von Hayek effect) and the potential cost push effect on public services and public goods (Scale Effect) result�ing from decentralization. It takes advantage of previous literature in recognizing the extent of the ideological distance between the local and the national median voter as a third factor worth considering in the social cost benefit analysis of de�centralization. Second, the aforementioned effects are put into the context of spe�cific functional areas of government, each of them having a particular set of char�acteristics which lead to a different degree of decentralization. The net outcome will be the result of combining the rent seeking orientation of the central govern�ment with the particular median voter demand for each different public good.
Taking Attendance: Teacher Absenteeism across School Types

Employee absenteeism has long been studied in the areas of industrial organization and human resource management, but only recently have researchers in education policy paid attention to teacher absenteeism because of its effects on student achievement. Even then, no study has focused on comparing teacher-absence rates across school types. This study fills this gap in the literature by using a national data set of U.S. schools to compare teacher-absence rates between traditional public schools, magnet schools, charter schools, and various types of private schools including Catholic schools, other (non-Catholic) religious private schools, and non-religious private schools. Results show that relative to traditional public schools, charter schools and private schools, particularly Catholic schools, have lower rates of teacher absence. Although this study is descriptive, not causal, the results are consistent with the theory that organizational-level factors such as cultural salience — the extent to which members of a school community agree with and are influenced by the norms and values espoused by the collective school community — are important determinants of individual-level teacher absenteeism. Additional analysis, however, is required to better understand the causes of the differences in rates of teacher absenteeism across different school types.
Logged in and Engaged: Examining How Social Media Can Develop, Maintain, and Increase College Student Engagement

The purpose of this study was to examine how student affairs professionals, primarily those working in student involvement, utilized various social media technologies to increase their engagement with undergraduate college students. This study utilized Astin’s (1984) theory of student involvement, as well as a collection of literature surrounding the impact of social media on college students and their engagement in order to understand the influence social media can have when engaging with students. Since there is a limited amount of literature and research surrounding the subject of social media and its role in student engagement, a study was done that involved interviews with the staff in Merrimack’s Office of Student Involvement (OSI) to better understand how social media can be used to connect with students. In addition, an online audit of other institution’s social media platforms was conducted in order to compile recommendations for best practice. The literature examined, as well as the research study that followed, suggest that social media can be an engaging platform that allows for strong, digital engagement between professionals and students.
Nitric oxide synthase in the adult and developing thalamus: Histochemical and immunohistochemical study in the rat

The distribution of neuronal elements that express nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the synthetic enzyme of the free radical nitric oxide, was investigated in the adult and developing rat thalamus by means of NADPH‐diaphorase (NADPH‐d) histochemistry, which is a marker of NOS. Immunocytochemistry was also used to confirm the equivalence between the histochemical pattern of staining and the distribution of the expression of the neuronal NOS isoform.
High-potential magnetic anisotropy of CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ perpendicular recording media

The magnetic anisotropy of CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ perpendicular recording media, including higher energy terms, was studied as a function of film composition and seed layer materials. All series of CoPtCr films with various Cr content, deposited on Ru seed layers, show maximum values of total anisotropy K/sub u/ at 25-30 at%Pt. The maximum value for CoPt(Cr=0) films reaches /spl sim/15/spl times/10/sup 6/ erg/cm/sup 3/. The addition of SiO/sub 2/ to the CoPtCr films reduces the grain K/sub u/, however the grain K/sub u/ maintains a large value of 8/spl times/10/sup 6/ erg/cm/sup 3/ even when 10at%SiO/sub 2/ is added to (Co/sub 90/Cr/sub 10/)/sub 80/Pt/sub 20/, for instance, which indicates the high-potential thermal stability. Theoretical calculations for media designs of 400 Gbits/in/sup 2/ revealed that the ratio of the high-energy anisotropy term K/sub u2/ to K/sub u1/(K/sub u/=K/sub u1/+K/sub u2/) is required to be 0.2-0.35 to enhance the energy barrier for the remanent state, without a notable change in switching field. The films deposited on Ru seed layers were found to show negligibly small K/sub u2/ values, however, the values of K/sub u1/ and K/sub u2/ vary significantly with the seed layer material used. K/sub u1/ decreases almost linearly as the K/sub u2/ value increases. It is concluded that CoPtCr films have a sufficient potential in the values of K/sub u1/ and K/sub u2/ for high-density perpendicular media.
Landscape of secondary physical education teachers’ professional development in South Korea

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the landscape of continuing professional development (CPD) for Korean secondary physical education (PE) teachers. Specifically, teachers’ perceptions of the characteristics of CPD, factors determining the effectiveness of CPD, and outcomes of CPD were examined. Data were collected from online questionnaires (n = 251) and in-depth interviews with secondary PE teachers (n = 20). The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and the qualitative data were subjected to content analysis using NVivo11. The findings revealed that Korean PE-CPD was characterized as (a) excessively institution-based, (b) distorting teachers’ patterns of CPD participation depending on years of teaching experience, and (c) emphasizing sport skills development. The teachers described an effective PE-CPD program as having (a) novel, relevant, and practical content, (b) an active, interactive, and collaborative structure, and (c) a knowledgeable, open, and risk-taking program facilitator. CPD was perceived to have predominantly proximal outcomes, such as the acquisition and application of knowledge and skills for immediate use, indicating that the traditional format of CPD is limited in promoting teachers’ continuous learning. The discussion addresses teachers’ agentic actions through the processes of interpretation, decision-making and perception, framed by values and teacher education traditions within a Korean social context.
Warm Carolina rinse solution prevents graft failure from storage injury after orthotopic rat liver transplantation with arterialization

An injury to nonparenchymal cells, characterized by loss of viability of sinusoidal endothelial cells and activation of Kupffer cells, occurs after reperfusion of livers stored for transplantation. Recently, a new solution, Carolina rinse solution, was shown to prevent reperfusion injury to endothelial cells in vitro almost completely and to improve graft survival after orthotopic rat liver transplantation (ORLT) without arterialization. ORLT with arterialization permits longer cold storage of donor livers and more closely models human surgery. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of Carolina rinse solution on graft survival after ORLT with arterialization in syngeneic Lewis rats. Just prior to implantation, donor livers stored in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution were rinsed with 30 ml of Ringer's solution, saline, or Carolina rinse solution at 1°–4°C. In livers stored for 15 h and rinsed with Ringer's or saline solution, long-term graft survival was only 8%. Using Carolina rinse solution containing 1 mmol and 200 μmol adenosine per liter, graft survival improved to 40% and 80%, respectively. Graft survival did not improve when using Carolina rinse solution with adenosine omitted or Ringer's solution containing 200 μmol adenosine per liter. Livers were also rinsed with Carolina rinse solution containing 200 μmol adenosine per liter at 28°–30°C rather than at 1°–4°C. With warm Carolina rinse solution, survival improved further to 100%, 80%, and 50% after 15, 18, and 21 h of storage. After 18 h of storage, light and electron microscopy demonstrated marked denudation of the sinusoidal lining and activation of Kupffer cells in grafts rinsed with Ringer's solution. Use of Carolina rinse solution greatly improved endothelial structure but did not reduce Kupffer cell activation. In conclusion, these findings show that Carolina rinse solution substantially improves graft survival after ORLT with arterialization. Adenosine and warm temperature are important factors contributing to efficacy. A mechanism of protection appears to be prevention of reperfusion-induced endothelial cell injury.