Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Unemployment and Human Capital

This study investigates the Impact of determinants of Human capital such as health, education, population and life expectancy on unemployment in case of Pakistan over the period 1981-2010. The prime objective of the study is to identify and establish a link between human capital and unemployment. The Johansen co-integration approach is used to determine the long-run relationship among variables. Further it applied VECM for short run adjustments to achieve equilibrium in long-run. The results show that our independent variables have significant and strong impact on the dependent variables in long run. The research also provides some suggestions for the policy purpose to reduce the unemployment in the country. Keywords : Unemployment, Human capital
Acoustic performance of industrial mufflers with CAE modeling and simulation

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the noise transmission performance of industrial mufflers widely used in ships based on the CAE modeling and simulation. Since the industrial mufflers have very complicated internal structures, the conventional Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) is of limited use. The CAE modeling and simulation is therefore required to incorporate commercial softwares: CATIA for geometry modeling, MSC/PATRAN for FE meshing and LMS/ SYSNOISE for analysis. Main sources of difficulties in this study are led by complicated arrangement of reactive elements, perforated walls and absorption materials. The reactive elements and absorbent materials are modeled by applying boundary conditions given by impedance. The perforated walls are modeled by applying the transfer impedance on the duplicated node mesh. The CAE approach presented in this paper is verified by comparing with the theoretical solution of a concentric-tube resonator and is applied for industrial mufflers.
An Integrated View of Nonlinear Distortion Phenomena in Various Power Amplifier Technologies

This paper presents an integrated view of nonlinear distortion in various power amplifier, PA, technologies. Using very weak assumptions, it shows that large signal IMD sweet spots are inherent to a wide variety of PA technologies like Si MOSFET, Si LDMOS, Si BJT, GaAs MESFET, GaAs-AlGaAs HEMT, justifying their use in the design of highly linear and efficient PAs.
Diffusion limitations and Michaelis–Menten kinetics as drivers of combined temperature and moisture effects on carbon fluxes of mineral soils

Abstract. CO2 production in soils responds strongly to changes in temperature and moisture, but the magnitude of such responses at different timescales remains difficult to predict. Knowledge of the mechanisms leading to the often observed interactions in the effects of these drivers on soil CO2 emissions is especially limited. Here we test the ability of different soil carbon models to simulate responses measured in soils incubated at a range of moisture levels and cycled through 5, 20, and 35 ∘C. We applied parameter optimization methods while modifying two structural components of models: (1) the reaction kinetics of decomposition and uptake and (2) the functions relating fluxes to soil moisture. We found that the observed interactive patterns were best simulated by a model using Michaelis–Menten decomposition kinetics combined with diffusion of dissolved carbon (C) and enzymes. In contrast, conventional empirical functions that scale decomposition rates directly were unable to properly simulate the main observed interactions. Our best model was able to explain 87 % of the variation in the data. Model simulations revealed a central role of Michaelis–Menten kinetics as a driver of temperature sensitivity variations as well as a decoupling of decomposition and respiration C fluxes in the short and mid-term, with general sensitivities to temperature and moisture being more pronounced for respiration. Sensitivity to different model parameters was highest for those affecting diffusion limitations, followed by activation energies, the Michaelis–Menten constant, and carbon use efficiency. Testing against independent data strongly validated the model (R2=0.99) and highlighted the importance of initial soil C pool conditions. Our results demonstrate the importance of model structure and the central role of diffusion and reaction kinetics for simulating and understanding complex dynamics in soil C.
The frequency of Anti-Cytotoxin associated Gene A (CagA) antibody in Golestan province of Iran.

Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) with positive Cytotoxin associated Gene A (CagA) have higher potential for pathogenesis. Cytotoxin associated Gene A (CagA) accelerate the pathogenecity of bacteria due to cytotoxin production stimulation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the anti-CagA antibody among H. pylori infected persons in Golestan province-North of Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 676 H. pylori positive subjects in Golestan province, northern Iran during 2008. Anti CagA antibody were determined in H.pylori positive subjects. Data analyzed by SPSS-16 software and chi-square test. Results: Prevalence of anti CagA in Helicobacter pylori infected cases was 57.7% (390 cases: 179 males and 211 females) (95% CI: 53.9-61.4). According to age the highest and lowest cases of anti CagA antibody were seen in, 15-24 (63.4%) and under 5 years old (26.3%). The level of anti CagA antibody in Sistanian ethnicity group (67.2%) was more than other ethnic group. Anti CagA antibody in Rural area was more than urban regions. Sero prevalence of anti CagA antibody was highest in Minudasht twon (78%), located in East of province in comparison with Bandar Gaz (44%) in west of province. Conclusion: This study showed the prevalence of CagA positive Helicobacter pylori strains in this region is similar to other regions of Iran, Asia and Europe and higher than African population.
Spectrum estimation from incomplete data - A study of methods suitable for reducing the effect of interference in medium PRF radar data

Airborne radar systems can be disturbed from many kinds of sources. The main different types of disturbances are from interference with other radars/signals or intentional jamming. We will in this thesis examine a way to reduce the effect of the interference by different methods of interpolating over the disturbed data samples. We then reconstruct the frequency spectrum by using missing data algorithms. The missing data algorithms examined are two compressive sensing, which are primal dual and complex approximate message passing and another type of algorithm which is named iterative adaptive approach. To measure the performance we create a signal in which we vary the thermal noise, ground interference and interference from other sources. Each of the algorithms has their own characteristic reconstructed spectrum and our analysis is that the iterative adaptive approach is the most promising for periodic interference with high duty factors where the other algorithms are more vulnerable to ringing which decrease the result of the reconstructed signal. However, CAMP is also interesting due to it being fast and accurate but it struggles when the target is not clear above the noise level.
Zonation of Hydrogen in Kimberlitic and Mantle Olivines: A Possible Proxy for the Water Content of Kimberlite Magmas

ix List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used x Acknowledgements xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Volatiles and Diamonds in Kimberlites 1 1.2 Types and Origins of Olivine in Kimberlites 2 1.3 Hydrogen in Olivine 4 1.3.1 Infrared Spectra of Kimberlitic Olivine 5 1.3. 2 Assignment and Interpretation of OH Bands 8 1.3. 3 Modification of H Defects during Kimberlite Magmatism 11 1.4 This Study 13 1.4. 1 Statement of Problem and Objectives 13 1.4. 2 Scope 14 1.4. 3 Claim 14 1.4. 4 Agenda 15 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS 17 2.1 Sample Selection and Preparation 17 2.1.1 Xenoliths and In Situ Macrocrysts 17 2.1.2 Macrocrysts from Mineral Separates 20 2.1.3 Characteristics of the Host Kimberlites 20 2.2 Electron Microprobe Analysis 21 2.3 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 22 2.3.1 Data Collection 22 2.3. 2 Processing of Infrared Spectra 23 2.3. 3 Uncertainties of Integrated Absorbance Intensities 24 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS 26 3.1 Petrography 26 3.1.1 Jericho Xenoliths and Kimberlite 26 3.1.2 Matsoku Xenolith 28 3.1.3 Pipe 200 Xenolith 28
Potential of Astrographic Plates for Stellar Flare Detection

A set of four test regions covering a total celestial area of 520 deg2 at low galactic latitude is investigated on a set of 130 century-old astrographic plates. About 8% of the 2 × 105 stars with apparent B magnitude 10–14 and with total proper-motion component larger than 0. ″02 yr-1 show a significant flickering greater than 0.4 mag in B over a timescale shorter than 20 minutes. About 25% of these stellar flare candidates concern stars with B-V ∼ 0.2 (spectral type A7). A procedure to select pre–main-sequence stellar candidates from the distance-limited sample of 16 × 103 disk dwarfs with detected flickering in B magnitude ≥0.4 is presented in view of a mass loss of 10-8 M☉ yr-1, derived from the analysis of the angular momentum distribution of stellar orbits. Follow-up UBV photoelectric photometry at the present epoch of 200 nearby stellar flares along the Vulpecula Rift shows an effect of reddening in B-V and of blueing in U-B for about 10% of the targets. The detection of optically thin or thick disks around the selected targets is suggested. The success rate in detecting optical flares in nearby stars of ∼1.5 M☉ with as much as 5 × 10-6 M☉ dumped onto the central star during the past 100 years, from deep astrographic plates coupled with 1 m–class telescope is estimated to 10% with a kinematical bias that can be dealt with.
Habitat complexity does not influence prey consumption in an experimental three-level trophic chain

ABSTRACT Habitat complexity influences species diversity and regulates trophic interactions, mostly by increasing resource partitioning within habitats and providing refuge for prey. The influence of habitat complexity on more than two trophic levels is not well understood, mainly because behavioral modifications of prey and predator may influence the outcome of trophic interactions. Thus, we conducted a two-factor experiment with a three-level trophic chain: a piscivorous fish [Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829)], an invertivorous fish (Moenkhausia forestii Benine, Mariguela & C. de Oliveira, 2009) and an aquatic macroinvertebrate (Chironomidae larvae). We measured prey consumption in low, intermediate and high habitat complexity, provided by submerged macrophyte densities, in the presence and the absence of the piscivore, intending to test the hypothesis that higher habitat complexities decrease predators foraging success in different trophic levels. We calculated the percentage of consumed prey in all treatment combinations. There was no significant effect of habitat complexity on prey consumption for neither the piscivorous nor the invertivorous fish, but a positive correlation was found between the percentages of consumed prey by both the piscivore and the invertivore. Observed modifications in the foraging behavior of the piscivore may have resulted in similar prey consumptions in low and high macrophyte densities. Moreover, more active M. forestii could have suffered a higher predation pressure by H. unitaeniatus, resulting in the positive correlation found. We conclude that behavior patterns in different habitat complexities possibly influenced predation rates in the three experimental trophic levels.
Structure , aerodynamics , and geometry of premixed flamelets

Recent advances in the understanding of the structure, dynamics, and geometry of laminar premixed flames under the influence of stretch, as manifested by aerodynamic straining, flame curvature, and flame/flow unsteadiness, are reviewed and presented in a tutorial manner. The discussion first treats the flame as a structureless surface which propagates into the fresh mixture with a constant velocity—the laminar flame speed, and the phenomena of cusp formation and volumetric burning rate augmentation through flame wrinkling are demonstrated. It is then shown that by considering the effects of stretch on the flame structure, and by allowing for mixture nonequidiffusion, the flame responses, especially the flame speed, can be quantitatively as well as qualitatively modified. By using the stretch-affected flame speed, we then describe the phenomena of cusp broadening, of tip opening of the Bunsen flame, and of the intrinsic hydrodynamic, body-force and diffusional—thermal modes of flamefront cellular instabilities. Additional topics covered include forced and intrinsic oscillatory flame dynamics, and quantitative extraction of the global flame parameters represented by the activation energy, the Markstein length, and the Lewis number.q 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Incidence of Phytophthora species in beech stands in Serbia

According to many surveys of pathogenic organisms in forest soils, the presence of the Phytophthora genus is very common in both dominant and mixed stands of European beech. In Serbia, Phytophthora species were isolated from rhizosphere soil in declining, as well as apparently healthy stands. After detailed morphological and molecular identification, several Phytophthora species were confirmed. The most common pathogen of fine roots in Serbian European beech stands was Phytophthora plurivora Jung and Burgess. This species was characterized as homothallic, semipapillate, produces sporangia of various shapes, and has an optimum temperature for growth at around 25oC.P. plurivora occurred on 58% of positive samples, followed by P. cambivora (Petri) Buisman at 17%, P. gonapodyides (Petersen) Buisman at 8%, with other unidentified species accounting for the remaining 17%. A pathogenicity test performed with P. plurivora and young beech germinants from ten Polish beech provenances demonstrated the ability of this pathogen to colonize and cause deterioration of plant tissue.
Stochastic parameterization of dust emission and application to convective atmospheric conditions

Abstract. We develop a parameterization scheme of convective dust emission for regional and global atmospheric models. Convective dust emission occurs in the absence of saltation as large eddies intermittently produce strong shear stresses on the surface and entrain dust particles into the air. This dust emission mechanism has not been included in the traditional dust models. The scheme presented in this study is a new approach which takes account of the stochastic nature of convective dust emission. It consists of the statistical representations of soil particle size, inter-particle cohesion, and instantaneous surface shear stress. A method of determining the probability density function of the latter quantity is proposed. Dust emission is then estimated from the overlap of the probability density functions of the aerodynamic lifting and inter-particle cohesive forces. The new scheme is implemented into the WRF/Chem model and applied to dust modeling in the Taklimakan Desert. A comparison with lidar data shows that the model can reproduce the main features of the dust patterns and their diurnal variations. For the case studied, convective dust emission is typically several μg m−2 s−1 and at times up to 50 μg m−2 s−1.
A study of surgically managed ruptured ectopic pregnancies in a rural medical college hospital over a period of 5 years

Background: Although ectopic pregnancy is of interest to the embryologist, general practitioner, obstetrician, and abdominal surgeon for various reasons, our present study was undertaken to determine the incidence, epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, risk factors, diagnosis, management and operative findings of ectopic pregnancies at our hospital.Methods: This is a retrospective study of ectopic pregnancies that were managed operatively at Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital from April 2013 to April 2018. Unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy that were managed medically are excluded in this study.Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 0.59%, and the peak age of incidence was 20-25 years (33.84%) with third gravidas (46.3%) being most commonly affected. The most common symptoms were amenorrhea (96.92%), abdominal pain (90.76%), and vaginal bleeding (11.53%) and the most common signs were pallor (46.30%), shock (38.46%), and cervical motion tenderness (33.84%). Most common risk factors were past history of tubectomy (66.61%). The commonest site for tubal ectopic pregnancy was ampullary in 545 cases (84.89%). Salpingectomy done in 553 cases (85.07%) was the most commonly performed operation for ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy.Conclusions: In the surgical management of ectopic pregnancy, the benefits of salpingectomy over salpingostomy are uncertain. The early diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy reduces the presentation to response time, which is crucial in determining the morbidity, mortality and long-term effects for the patient. Although with earlier diagnosis, medical therapy with methotrexate can be offered and surgery avoided in some women, the best regimen remains unclear. There have been advances made in the management of ectopic pregnancy but there are still questions to be answered.
CFD modelling approach for dam break flow studies

Abstract. This paper presents numerical simulations of free surface flows induced by a dam break comparing the shallow water approach to fully three-dimensional simulations. The latter are based on the solution of the complete set of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations coupled to the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The methods assessment and comparison are carried out on a dam break over a flat bed without friction, a dam break over a triangular bottom sill and a dam break flow over a 90° bend. Experimental and numerical literature data are compared to present results. The results demonstrate that the shallow water approach, even if able to sufficiently reproduce the main aspects of the fluid flows, loses some three-dimensional phenomena, due to the incorrect shallow water idealization that neglects the three-dimensional aspects related to the gravity force.
Controlling the emission profile of an H2 discharge lamp to simulate interstellar radiation fields

Context. Microwave discharge hydrogen-flow lamps have been used for more than half a century to simulate interstellar ultraviolet radiation fields in the laboratory. Recent discrepancies between identical measurements in different laboratories, as well as clear wavelength dependent results obtained in monochromatic (synchrotron) experiments, hint at a more elaborate dependence on the exact discharge settings than assumed so far. Aims. We have investigated systematically two lamp geometries in full dependence of a large number of different running conditions and the spectral emission patterns are characterized for the first time with fully calibrated absolute flux numbers. Methods. A sophisticated plasma lamp calibration set-up has been used to record the vacuum-ultraviolet emission spectra with a spectral resolution of 0.5 nm and bandwidth of 1.6 nm in the 116–220 nm region. Spectra are compared with the output of a calibrated D2-lamp which allows a derivation of absolute radiance values. Results. The general findings of over 200 individual measurements are presented, illustrating how the lamp emission pattern depends on i) microwave power; ii) gas and gas mixing ratios; iii) discharge lamp geometry; iv) cavity positioning; and v) gas pressure.
Modelling the foetus for pregnant occupant safety

Annual foetus mortality rates due to road traffic accidents are much higher than the infant mortality rates in motor vehicle crashes. The goal of this study is to generate a computational model of the unborn occupant (foetus) for crash protection research. The multibody foetus model is accommodated in the finite element uterus model of ‘Expecting’, the computational pregnant occupant model which tackles the complexity of a pregnant women’s anatomy and incorporates pregnant female anthropometry. In particular, 38 weeks gestation level is focused upon since at this stage of pregnancy the foetus is at greatest risk during a crash due to the size increase of the abdomen resulting in a close proximity to the vehicle steering wheel and awkward routing of the seatbelt. This article explains in detail all stages of modelling the unborn occupant and the links to its environment, the uterus with a placenta and the computational female model.
Synthesis of Li[Li 0.13 Mn 0.464 Ni 0.203 Co 0.203 ]O 2 Cathode Material by Hydrothermal Treatment Method

The layered Li-rich Li[Li0.13Mn0. 464Ni0.203Co0. 203]O2 cathode material was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal treatment on the precursor method. X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structure and micromorphology of the materials. Meanwhile, charge-discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to explore its electrochemical performance. The results indicate that the Li[Li0.13Mn0. 464Ni0.203Co0. 203]O2 material possesses a layered α-NaFeO2 structure and exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. The initial discharge capacity is 235.9 mAh•g−1 in the voltage range of 2.0-4.8 V at 0.1 C. And it exhibits the capacity retention of 94.1% after 50 cycles. The hydrothermal treatment not only shortens the calcination time, but also can greatly improve the electrochemical performance of the material.
Central peak and acoustic anomalies of the relaxor ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate single crystal studied by the micro-Brillouin scattering

Quasielastic central peak and acoustic anomalies in a [001] lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate single crystal have been investigated by the high-resolution micro-Brillouin scattering. Two acoustic anomalies were observed at temperatures, TC-T∼415K and TT-R∼348K. The damping showed a significant dispersion at T∼550K, associated with the enhanced dynamics of local strain fields created by the polar microregions. The temperature evolution of the quasielastic central peak exhibited anomalies in the overall intensity and relaxation time that were associated with the line shape interferences of the central peak and the acoustic mode.