Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of the media in Post-conflict peacebuilding in Southern Sudan: case study of Sudan radio service, 2005-2010

Although, the media has been receiving much global attention in playing a partisan and negative role by igniting violence while reporting about conflict and post-conflict situations, it can also playa positive role in de-escalation of the conflict and promotion of democracy. The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement on 9th January 2005 between the SPLM and NCP, ushered in renewed hope of positive peace in southern Sudan. There was need for the media and especially radio to provide the people with vital information about post-conflict peacebuilding. Since 2005, several stakeholders such as the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) have been raising awareness about the role of the media in post-conflict peacebuilding. Therefore, they established media projects in a bid to promote postconflict peace building in southern Sudan. One of these stakeholders is the United States of Agency for International Development (USAID) that funded Sudan Radio Service (SRS) with the objective of promoting peace and development in Sudan. The study concentrated on exploring the role of the media and Sudan Radio Service in particular in post-conflict peacebuilding in southern Sudan. The study also analysed the challenges facing the media in post-conflict peacebuilding in southern Sudan. Secondary and primary data as from 2005 2010 were considered in the study. Unstructured personal interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and questionnaires were used to collect primary data.It was established that the medialSRS played a role in post-conflict peacebuilding in Southern Sudan; including connecting and unifying all southern Sudanese toward nation building, reformed the socio-economic structures and reformed justice and security institutions. The media too trained women on their rights to participate in the electoral process and educated women about their rights as they fulfilled the 25% to participate in good governance as was provided in the CPA. It also played a role in electioneering and enhanced its role in post-conflict peacebuilding by training journalists. But the absence of media laws that could be used to regulate the work of the media/SRS and protect journalists was the main obstacle to full coverage of post-conflict peacebuilding activities in southern Sudan. Therefore, the medialSRS played a role in post-conflict peacebuilding.
Chronic Ankle Instability Alters Central Organization of Movement

Background Chronic ankle instability alters spinal level sensorimotor function and is hypothesized to alter supraspinal motor control mechanisms. Gait initiation is a functional task modulated by supraspinal pathways, but the effect of chronic ankle instability, a peripheral musculoskeletal impairment, on gait initiation and thus supraspinal motor control mechanisms remains unknown. Purpose This study was conducted to determine if supraspinal aspects of motor control are altered in subjects with chronic ankle instability. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Subjects with chronic ankle instability (5 males, 15 females; age, 20.5 ± 1.0 years; height, 169.8 ± 9.8 cm; weight, 74.2 ± 20.2 kg) and uninjured controls (4 males, 16 females; age, 20.85 ± 1.6 years; height, 164.3 ± 7.9 cm; weight, 64.2 ± 10.62 kg) completed 5 gait initiation trials for each leg at a self-selected pace. The resulting trajectory of the center of pressure trace was investigated and peak center of pressure excursions in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions, peak resultant center of pressure excursions, and average direction-specific velocities were calculated. Results Significant group × limb interactions were noted during the first (resultant center of pressure displacement [F1,37 = 4.60, P = .04]) and second (mediolateral center of pressure displacement [F1,37 = 3.82, P = .05]) period of gait initiation. Center of pressure displacement was reduced (impaired) in the involved limb of the chronic ankle instability group (resultant, 0.29 ± 0.02; mediolateral, 0.72 ± 0.02) relative to the uninvolved limb of the chronic ankle instability group (resultant, 0.32 ± 0.02; mediolateral, 0.76 ± 0.02) and both limbs of the control group (resultant, 0.32 ± 0.02; mediolateral, 0.74 ± 0.02) when the involved limb of the chronic ankle instability group served as the initial stance limb. Conclusion These interactions suggest that supraspinal motor control mechanisms are altered in subjects with chronic ankle instability to place a greater emphasis on reducing the postural demands on the involved limb. Clinical Relevance These changes suggest that supraspinal adaptations to motor control may be an important contributor to the underlying neurophysiologic mechanism of chronic ankle instability. The presence of supraspinal adaptations in subjects with chronic ankle instability also indicates that health care providers and rehabilitation specialists treat chronic ankle instability as a global/central and not just a local/peripheral injury.
Anomalous diffusion of fluorescent probes inside living cell nuclei investigated by spatially-resolved fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.

We have investigated spatial variations of the diffusion behavior of the green fluorescent protein mutant EGFP (F64L/S65T) and of the EGFP-beta-galactosidase fusion protein in living cells with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Our fluorescence correlation spectroscopy device, in connection with a precision x-y translation stage, provides submicron spatial resolution and a detection volume smaller than a femtoliter. The fluorescence fluctuations in cell lines expressing EGFP are caused by molecular diffusion as well as a possible internal and a pH-dependent external protonation process of the EGFP chromophore. The latter processes result in two apparent nonfluorescent states that have to be taken into account when evaluating the fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data. The diffusional contribution deviates from ideal behavior and depends on the position in the cell. The fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data can either be evaluated as a two component model with one fraction of the molecules undergoing free Brownian motion with a diffusion coefficient approximately five times smaller than in aqueous solution, and another fraction diffusing one or two orders of magnitude slower. This latter component is especially noticeable in the nuclei. Alternatively, we can fit the data to an anomalous diffusion model where the time dependence of the diffusion serves as a measure for the degree of obstruction, which is large especially in nuclei. Possible mechanisms for this long tail behavior include corralling, immobile obstacles, and binding with a broad distribution of binding affinities. The results are consistent with recent numerical models of the chromosome territory structure in the cell nucleus.
[What prosthodontic therapy should we select for periodontally compromised patients? Part 2: Review of the literature focusing on conventional prosthodontic therapy for periodontally compromised patients and clinical implication (RPD vs FPD vs implant)].

PURPOSE To review the clinical literature on fixed partial denture (FPD) and removable partial denture (RPD)treatment for periodontally compromised patients with partial dentate. In addition, prosthodontic management in periodontitis-susceptible subjects was evaluated from the results of Part 1 and Part 2. STUDY SELECTION Clinical studies that documented survival rates of FPD in periodontally compromised patients were selected and reviewed. RESULTS There was no RPD study that fulfilled the criteria of this review paper. On the other hand, 8 reports that were reviewed in this study showed good survival rate of FPD in long-term clinical results. CONCLUSION Since the number of reports on RPD is very few, it was difficult to evaluate the RPD treatment for periodontally compromised patients. From the results of some long-term follow-up retrospective studies, however, it was suggested that FPD of high-risk design showed excellent results. Regarding management in periodontits- susceptible subjects, it should be discussed whether positive prosthodontic treatment is necessary. Strict plaque control by both doctors and patients before/after treatment is indispensable for prosthodontic management in periodontally compromised patients.
Improved non-invasive T-Staging in non-small cell lung cancer by integrated18F-FDG PET/CT

Summary Aim: In this prospective study, reliability of integrated 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging of NSCLC was evaluated and compared to MDCT or PET alone. Patients, methods: 240 patients (pts) with suspected NSCLC were examined using PET/CT. Of those patients 112 underwent surgery comprising 80 patients with NSCLC (T1 n = 26, T2 n = 37, T3 n = 11, T4 n = 6). Imaging modalities were evaluated independently. Results: MDCT, PET and PET/CT diagnosed the correct T-stage in 40/80 pts (50%; CI: 0.39-0.61), 40/80 pts (50%; CI: 0.39-0.61) and 51/80 pts (64%; CI: 0.52-0.74), respectively, whereas equivocal T-stage was found in 15/80 pts (19%; CI: 0.11-0.19), 12/80 pts (15%; CI: 0.08-0.25) and 4/80 pts (5%; CI: 0.01-0.12), respectively. With PET/CT, T-stage was more frequently correct compared to MDCT (p = 0.003) or PET (p = 0.019). Pooling stages T1/T2, T-stage was correctly diagnosed with MDCT, PET and PET/CT in 54/80 pts (68%; CI: 0.56-0.78), 56/80 pts (70%; CI: 0.59-0.80) and 65/80 pts (81%; CI: 0.71-0.89). T3 stage was most difficult to diagnose. T3 tumors were correctly diagnosed with MDCT in 2/11 pts (18%; CI: 0.02-0.52) versus 0/11 pts (0%; CI: 0.00-0.28) with PET and 5/11 pts (45%; CI: 0.17-0.77) with PET/CT. In all imaging modalities, there were no equivocal findings for T4 tumors. Of these, MDCT found the correct tumor stage in 4/6 pts (67%; CI: 0.22-0.95), PET in 3/6 pts (50%; CI: 0.12-0.88) and PET/ CT in 5/6 pts (83%; CI: 0.36-0.99). Conclusion: Integrated PET/CT was significantly more accurate for T-staging of NSCLC compared to MDCT or PET alone. The advantages of PET/CT are especially pronounced combining T1- and T2-stage as well as in advanced tumors.
In‐vivo multispectral video endoscopy towards in‐vivo hyperspectral video endoscopy

For in‐vivo diagnostics of cancer and pre‐cancer in the stomach, there is no endoscopic procedure offering both high sensitivity and high specificity. Our data suggest that multispectral or hyperspectral imaging may be helpful to solve this problem. It is successfully applied to the detection and analysis of easily reachable carcinomas, ex‐vivo samples of hollow organ mucosal carcinomas and also histological samples. An endoscopy system which allows flexible multispectral videoendoscopy for in‐vivo diagnostics has so far been unavailable. To overcome this problem, we modified a standard Olympus endoscopy system to conduct in‐vivo multispectral imaging of the upper GI tract. The pilot study is performed on 14 patients with adeno carcinomas in the stomach. For analysis, Support Vector Machine with linear and Gaussian Kernel, AdaBoost, RobustBoost and Random‐Forest‐walk are used and compared for the data classification with a leave‐one‐out strategy. The margin of the carcinoma for the training of the classifier is drawn by expert‐labeling. The cancer findings are cross‐checked by biopsies. We expect that the present study will help to improve the further development of hyperspectral endoscopy and to overcome some of the problems to be faced in this process.
An Analysis of Texas Special Education Due Process Hearings from September 1, 1983, to September 1, 1992: Implications for the Administration of Special Education Programs

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of selected characteristics on the outcomes of those special education due process hearings brought forth in the state of Texas from September 1, 1983, to September 1, 1992. A further purpose was to determine if district characteristics of size or location affect the likelihood of a district's becoming involved in a special education due process hearing. Data for the study was collected for all special education due process hearings conducted in the State of Texas from September 1, 1983, to September 1, 1992. A coding system was used to record the data for the study and the Chi-square test of independence was used to determine whether a relationship existed between the selected variable (hearing issue, disability classifications and restrictiveness of placement) and hearing outcome. The frequency of involvement in hearings for districts of various size and urban characteristics was displayed as a percentage.
Increased Expression of CC16 in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease of unknown etiology. The pathogenic mechanisms are unclear, but evidence indicates that aberrantly activated alveolar epithelial cells secrete a variety of mediators which induce the migration, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts and finally the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix with the consequent destruction of the lung parenchyma. CC16 (approved symbol SCGB1A1), a putative anti-inflammatory protein produced by “club” cells in the distal airways, has not been evaluated in IPF lungs. In this study, we determined the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels as well as the lung cell localization of this protein. Also, we explored the usefulness of serum levels of CC16 for the differential diagnosis of IPF (n = 85), compared with non-IPF interstitial lung diseases [chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP; n = 85) and connective tissue diseases (CTD-ILD; n = 85)]. CC16 was significantly increased in serum and BAL fluids of IPF patients and was found not only in club cells but also in alveolar epithelial cells. When compared with non-IPF patients and controls, serum levels were significantly increased (p<0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity for CC16 (cut-off 41ng/mL) were 24% and 90%, positive predictive value 56% and negative predictive value 69%. These findings demonstrate that CC16 is upregulated in IPF patients suggesting that may participate in its pathogenesis. Although higher than the serum levels of non-IPF patients it shows modest sensitivity to be useful as a potential biomarker for the differential diagnosis.
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Chromatin Organization Measured by Alu I Restriction Enzyme Changes with Malignancy and Is Regulated by the Extracellular Matrix and the Cytoskeleton

Andrew J. Maniotis,* Klara Valyi-Nagy,* John Karavitis,* Jonas Moses,* Viveka Boddipali,* Ying Wang,* Rafael Nuñez,* Suman Setty,* Zarema Arbieva, Mina J. Bissell, and Robert Folberg* From the Department of Pathology,* the Cancer Center, and the Core Genomics Facility, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and the Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
Fighting human nature: prospect theory and momentum on the Oslo Stock Exchange

Using a new investor level dataset from Norway, I find that household investors trade as if motivated by prospect theory. I.e. confirming Kyle, Ou-Yang and Xiong (2006), I show that in addition to being more likely to sell winning than losing stocks, household investors are particularly likely to sell at break-even. Next, I establish that controlling for the current capital gains experienced by the median household investor, past intermediate horizon returns no longer predict future returns. Thus, rather than random noise with no impact on prices (Kyle, 1985), household investors constitute systematic noise generating momentum in stock price.
Genetic similarity in inflammatory and degenerative abdominal aortic aneurysms: a study of human leukocyte antigen class II disease risk genes.

PURPOSE Clinically, abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) display a spectrum of inflammation that extends from apparently noninflamed (degenerative) AAAs to the classic inflammatory variant. Genes encoded in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region are important in the development of both variants of AAA; however, their role in progression to the inflammatory variant is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare HLA class II genes in patients with degenerative versus classic inflammatory AAAs and to quantify their impact as disease risk factors. METHODS Genotypes of the 12 major alleles of the HLA-DR B1 locus were determined in patients with degenerative (102) and inflammatory (40) AAAs who were compared with controls (118). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine allele distributions and to quantify disease risk. RESULTS Distribution of the HLA-DR B1 alleles was nonrandom and similar in both degenerative and inflammatory AAA groups compared with controls. The B1*02 and B1*04 alleles were enhanced in both degenerative (39.2% vs. 25.4%, P =.03; and 35.3% vs. 24.6%, P =.08 respectively) and inflammatory (47.5% vs. 25.4%, P =.01; and 32.5% vs. 24.6%, P =.09, respectively) AAAs compared with controls. The B1*02 and B1*04 alleles were associated with risk for both degenerative (odds ratio [OR] 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.0; and OR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7, respectively) and inflammatory AAAs (OR 3.7; 95% CI, 1.8-8.6; and OR 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-6.1). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that identical HLA alleles function as genetic risk factors for both inflammatory and degenerative AAAs. These results support the concept of a common, immune-mediated pathogenesis for AAAs that may be modulated by HLA-independent factors.
The Role of Physical Environment, Price Perceptions, and Consumption Emotions in Developing Customer Satisfaction in Chinese Resort Hotels

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to test the relationships between physical environment, price perceptions, consumption emotions, and customer satisfaction in Chinese resort hotels. Five hundred self-administered questionnaires were distributed, and 340 were returned. Findings from this study reveal that the physical environment is a significant predictor of consumption emotions and price perceptions, which in turn affect customer satisfaction. Moreover, consumption emotions and price perceptions significantly mediate the relationship between physical environment and customer satisfaction. The management of resort hotels needs to consider that an attractive physical environment can be used for developing positive consumption emotions and price perceptions among customers, which may then increase their satisfaction.
THE UDF05 FOLLOW-UP OF THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD. III. THE LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AT z ∼ 6

In this paper, we present a derivation of the rest-frame 1400 Å luminosity function (LF) at redshift six from a new application of the maximum likelihood method by exploring the five deepest Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST/ACS) fields, i.e., the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, two UDF05 fields, and two Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey fields. We work on the latest improved data products, which makes our results more robust than those of previous studies. We use unbinned data and thereby make optimal use of the information contained in the data set. We focus on the analysis to a magnitude limit where the completeness is larger than 50% to avoid possibly large errors in the faint end slope that are difficult to quantify. We also take into account scattering in and out of the dropout sample due to photometric errors by defining for each object a probability that it belongs to the dropout sample. We find the best-fit Schechter parameters to the z ∼ 6 LF are α = 1.87 ± 0.14, M* = −20.25 ± 0.23, and ϕ* = 1.77+0.62−0.49 × 10−3 Mpc−3. Such a steep slope suggests that galaxies, especially the faint ones, are possibly the main sources of ionizing photons in the universe at redshift six. We also combine results from all studies at z ∼ 6 to reach an agreement in the 95% confidence level that −20.45 < M* < −20.05 and −1.90 < α < −1.55. The luminosity density has been found not to evolve significantly between z ∼ 6 and z ∼ 5, but considerable evolution is detected from z ∼ 6 to z ∼ 3.
Thrombostatin Inhibits Induced Canine Coronary Thrombosis

Summary Thrombostatin (RPPGF), an angiotensin converting enzyme metabolite of bradykinin, is an inhibitor of α-thrombin’s ability to activate platelets. We examined the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thrombostatin in rabbits and its ability to inhibit coronary thrombosis induced by electrolytic injury in dogs. Plasma half-life of thrombostatin had a t1/2α of 2.6 min and a t1/2β of 24 min in rabbits. Ligating the renal arteries did not prolong clearance (t1/2α = 2.4 min; t1/2β = 12 min). Thrombostatin produced a prolonged in vivo antiplatelet effect. At 30 min after a single intravenous administration in rabbits, thrombostatin’s plasma concentration was <8.7 μM (5 μg/ml). However, ex vivo 20 and 40 nM γ-thrombin-induced platelet aggregation of these rabbits’ platelets was inhibited 40% for 2.75 and 1 h, respectively. In vitro, flow cytometry studies revealed that thrombostatin specifically bound to human platelets and washed human platelets treated with thrombostatin were less responsive to γ-thrombin than control platelets. Using electrolytic injury to induce coronary artery thrombosis, dogs treated with thrombostatin, aspirin, or combined thrombostatin and aspirin occluded in 62 ± 25 (mean ± SD), 62 ± 36, or 89 ± 32 min versus untreated animals which occluded at 39 ± 27 min, (p <0.01, p <0.01 and p <0.001, respectively). These studies show that thrombostatin binds to platelets and can delay coronary occlusion in vivo. Abbreviations: RPPGF: thrombostatin; PAR1: protease activated receptor 1, the first cloned thrombin receptor; PRP: platelet-rich plasma; PPP: plateletpoor plasma; LCX: left circumflex coronary artery; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; PT: prothrombin time
Risk Taking and Problem Context in the Domain of Losses: An Expected Utility Analysis

This paper presents an experimental investigation of risk taking in the domain of losses. The results are partly compatible with expected utility theory, assuming an inflection point in the utility function over losses. However, overweighting of low probabilities and underweighting of high ones was observed, which runs counter to the expected utility model. Additionally, a strong context effect was observed in which choices presented in an insurance context were judged with greater risk aversion than mathematically identical choices presented as standard gambles. Both the normative and descriptive implications for expected utility theory are discussed. This article examines two related issues regarding decision-making under conditions of objective or known risk. The first one concerns the nature of people's risk preferences for losses, and its compatibility with expected utility theory; the second concerns the extent to which such risk preferences are influenced by problem context.