Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurometabolite effects of response to quetiapine and placebo in adolescents with bipolar depression.

OBJECTIVE Mood stabilizers have been reported to affect brain concentrations of myo-inositol (mI) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA). We examined the effects of quetiapine (QUET), an atypical antipsychotic, on these neurochemicals, and potential predictors of response to QUET in adolescents with bipolar depression. METHODS Twenty-six adolescents with bipolar depression participated in an 8-week placebo-controlled trial of QUET monotherapy. Subjects were scanned at baseline and after 8 weeks with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 3T and 4T at two sites, with 8 cm(3) voxels placed in the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). LCModel was used to calculate absolute concentrations of NAA and mI. RESULTS Twenty-six subjects had pre- and posttreatment scans (mean age=15.6 years, 9 boys). Of these subjects, 5 out of 16 subjects receiving QUET and 5 out of 10 receiving placebo (PBO) were responders (50% decrease in Children's Depression Rating Scale [CDRS] score). Although baseline ACC mI did not predict responder status, responders had significantly lower posttreatment ACC mI values than did nonresponders (3.27±.71 vs. 4.23±.70; p=0.004). There were no significant differences in the changes in ACC and DLPFC NAA levels in the QUET group compared with the PBO group (ACC: -0.55±1.3 vs.+0.25±1.5, p=0.23; right-DLPFC: -0.55±1.3 vs. 0.33±0.89, p=0.13; left-DLPFC: -0.04±0.91 vs.+0.29±0.61, p=0.41). CONCLUSION We found that posttreatment, not baseline, ACC mI levels were associated with response to QUET in adolescents with bipolar depression. There were no differences in NAA concentration changes between the QUET and PBO groups. Larger studies including different brain regions would help to clarify the effects of QUET on neurochemistry in patients with bipolar disorder.
Base station distributed handover optimization in LTE self-organizing networks

Methods of self-organizing networks (SON) are an essential part of the latest 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technology Long Term Evolution (LTE). Among the different identified use cases in standard self-organized handover optimization plays an important role concerning the overall radio network performance. In this paper, we present results as obtained from simulations on a handover optimization procedure performed distributed to base stations of the radio network. Based on a simulation scenario which is characterized by heterogeneous radio conditions between neighboring cells we show the procedure's capability of an efficient and stable modification from initial suboptimal parameter settings towards optimum values of the handover key performance indicators (KPIs).
A stepwise regression analysis on under-five diarrhoael morbidity prevalence in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia: maternal care giving and hygiene behavioral determinants.

OBJECTIVE Various studies have addressed the relationship between maternal care giving behaviours including hygiene behaviours and the occurrence of diarrhoea in children. However, very few studies have done in Ethiopia in general and none exist in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of under-five diarrhoea morbidity in relation to mothers/care takers behaviours including hygiene behavioural determinants. METHODS Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia from October 15- November 26, 2007. 477 mothers/ care takers of index under-five children living in the households selected randomly from sub cities in the town formed the study population. Structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were entered into a computer, edited and analyzed using SPSS for windows version 12.01. Stepwise logistic regression model was used to calculate the Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval for the different risk factors was considered. RESULTS From 477, 461 were participated in the study giving a response rate of 96.6%. The mean ages of the respondents and the index children were about 32.4 (+/- 8.8 SD) years and 25.27 (+/- 15.16 SD) months respectively. Diarrhoea morbidity prevalence over a period of two weeks preceding the study was about 28.9%. Although several maternal cares giving and hygiene-related risk factors showed significant association with diarrhoea morbidity on bivariate analysis, the use of cover material during drinking water transportation, faeces seen around the pit-hole and bottle feeding were the only significant variables on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION As diarrhoea morbidity was major problem among under-five children in Nekemte town, appropriate intervention programmes should be formulated focused on identified risk factors.
Clinical features of individuals with cystic fibrosis in New Zealand.

AIMS To determine the status of cystic fibrosis patients, their mode of diagnosis and source of medical care in New Zealand. METHODS A database was established in 1988 to record clinical information on individuals with cystic fibrosis in New Zealand. Three hundred and two cystic fibrosis patients were identified and clinical information on 248 obtained. RESULTS Thirty five per cent of patients at diagnosis had gastrointestinal and pulmonary and 33% had gastrointestinal symptoms alone. Ninety three infants were diagnosed after a positive screening test and confirmatory sweat test. The mean age at diagnosis overall was 1.8 years, while 61% of children were diagnosed before one year of age. 74.2% of patients were said to be pancreatic insufficient, 4% pancreatic sufficient and in 22% the results were unavailable or unknown. Medical care was provided by 28 sources comprising paediatricians, physicians or combined clinics. One cystic fibrosis clinic cared for more than 40 patients. Sixty-one per cent of cystic fibrosis subjects were colonised with Staphylococcus aureus at some time, and 44% were reported to be colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS Common clinical features of cystic fibrosis have been characterised for New Zealand patients. It is unknown to what extent the clinical features of the disease and source of medical care in New Zealand are responsible for previously reported survival for the condition but it is planned to examine serial measurements of growth, nutrition, pulmonary function and survival and it is hoped that these measurements will be the subject of a further report.
Characterization of kinetics and target proteins for binding of human complement component C3 to the surface-exposed outer membrane of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2

In order to characterize the interaction of human complement with Chlamydia trachomatis, flow cytometry was used to quantitate binding of complement component C3 to elementary bodies of C. trachomatis serovar L2 preincubated in fresh serum in the presence or absence of human polyclonal chlamydial antibody. Isolation of each of the complement activation pathways revealed that C3 was activated most effectively by the alternative pathway. The degree of binding by the classical pathway was proportional to the concentration of antibody, but dual-pathway-mediated binding was not greater than antibody-independent alternative pathway binding. Electrophoresis and immunoblotting of detergent-extracted outer membrane protein-C3b complexes indicated that the chlamydial major outer membrane protein was the primary cell surface moiety binding C3b in both the presence and absence of specific antibody. Hydroxylamine cleavage of outer membrane protein-C3b complexes provided evidence that the majority of C3b is bound to the major outer membrane protein by hydroxyl ester bonds. This result was also unchanged by the presence of specific antibody. An unexpected finding was the apparent binding of anti-C3 antibody to a 40-kDa protein of the chlamydial outer membrane complex, perhaps indicating C3 mimicry on the part of the chlamydial major outer membrane protein.
Monosomy X found at first trimester CVS: a diagnostic and counselling dilemma

Sirs, We present three cases with a non-mosaic monosomy X chromosome complement found at first trimester CVS. Transcervical chorionic villi biopsies were performed using a Wolf biopsy forceps. Chorionic villi samples of Case I and I1 were processed by a slightly modified direct method (Leschot et al. 1987) originally described by Simoni et al. (1983); in Case I11 a method described by Gibas et al. (1987) was used. Amniotic fluid cell cultures were processed with the in situ method; metaphases were Q-banded.
Disparities in health-related internet use by US veterans: results from a national survey.

BACKGROUND The internet can contribute to improved access to information and services among underserved populations. Little is known about veterans' use of the internet for health, and how it is affected by socio-demographic characteristics. This knowledge gap is acute given the US Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA's) deployment of a major patient portal/personal health record system. OBJECTIVES To assess the frequency and correlates of veterans' use of the internet and identify personal characteristics impeding veterans' health-related internet use. METHODS Survey of 12 878 randomly selected adults from a panel of 60 000 US households. Veterans were oversampled. RESULTS Of the 3408 veterans responding, 54% had used the internet and 29% had used the internet specifically for health. In multi-variable analyses, general internet use was positively associated with younger age (OR = 0.03, CI = 0.01-0.06, oldest versus youngest group), higher income (OR = 3.12, CI = 2.10-4.63, > or =$75 000 versus <$25 000), more education (OR = 4.2, CI = 2.92-6.02, most versus least educated group), and better health (OR = 0.59, CI = 0.42-83, fair/poor versus very good/excellent). Health-related internet use was positively associated with more education (OR = 2.32, CI = 1.45-3.74, most versus least educated group), urban location (OR = 2.41, CI = 1.66-3.50), and worse health (OR = 1.85, CI = 1.16-2.95, fair/poor versus very good/excellent). CONCLUSIONS In the first large, systematic survey of veterans' internet use we found that more education and urban location were strongly, and positively, associated with veterans' health-related internet use, even after controlling for multiple socio-demographic characteristics. Interventions may be needed for less educated and rural veterans, e.g. by providers discussing internet use with their patients, or by the VA training veterans in health-related internet use.
The effect of blood content on the optical and dielectric skin properties

A wearable system incorporating sensors for dielectric and optical spectroscopy was used to study skin properties and their dependence on the cutaneous blood content (CBC). Simultaneous measurements with both modalities were carried out on the upper arm during blood perfusion-provoking exercises performed by four subjects in four separate sets of experiments. By relating changes in the attenuation of green (central wavelength λc = 568 nm) and infrared (λc = 798 nm) light, the ratio of mean pathlengths travelled by photons in the skin blood plexus was obtained. The pathlength for infrared light is found to be 3.85 times larger than for green. Combining signals of two wavelengths and accounting for pathlength difference, we quantitatively characterize the CBC as a cumulative optical thickness of red blood cells in the skin plexus. The dielectric spectra of skin in the MHz range were fitted with the Cole–Cole model and the changes of parameters were quantitatively related to the optically derived changes in CBC using a linear regression analysis. The positive correlation with CBC is obtained for the dispersion exponent (R2 = 0.68), and the negative—for the dispersion time (R2 = 0.40). Thus dielectric dispersion of the skin gets broader and shifts towards lower frequencies with an increase of CBC.
Is surgery for renal calculi necessary in 1985?

greater than the cost of providing the same care for the children through the usual channels of community support. The money involved only comes from the drug company or its insurers in the short term. In the long term, it comes from the only ultimate source of money in any society from all the members of the society. The net effect is that even less money remains for services for those unfortunate individuals who cannot find anyone to sue. Birth defects have always been present in humans and are likely to be around for many years yet, despite the best efforts of many research groups such as our own to find their causes and to prevent them. There are thousands of different causes, many of them genetic. Many of these genetic conditions are recessive, and parents (and their doctors) cannot anticipate the first child that will be affected. Many more will prove to have no definable cause: they will be due to inevitable errors in the complex processes of human reproduction and embryonic development. Just as all machines have a low, but finite, inevitable error rate, so also must mammalian reproduction. Some birth defects are caused by intrauterine infections. Some are probably due to chemicals or drugs, and some may be caused by nutritional deficiencies or imbalances. Current knowledge suggests that these numbers are not great. Doctors and scientists must try hard to discover as many of the causes of birth defects as possible. They should also avoid causing undue anxiety about their theories or hunches, and wait until they have confirmatory evidence before telling the public. Would-be parents must accept that a small risk of having an abnormal child is an unavoidable part of having a family, just as to enjoy an afternoon in the country the small risk of driving in the family car must be accepted. Of course, it may be prudent to check with a doctor if there seems to be some reason for concern, just as one might seek the reassurance of a mechanic about some apparent problem in the steering of the car before setting forth. It should be remembered that both driving and pregnancies are safer without alcohol. DAVID M. DANKS Director, Birth Defects Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Research Foundation Melbourne
OPTIMIZATION OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF SKIPJACK BY-PRODUCT USING PROTAMEX Herpandi,

The goal of this study was to optimize enzymatic hydrolysis of the dark flesh of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). Protamex® was concentrations (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% 40 to 60 C and times of 2 to 6 h. The experiment was performed following a five second-order central composite design w coefficients of determination for degree of hydrolysis (R2 = 0.9674) and free tryptophan content (R2 = 0.9426) indicate the suitability of the design for predicting the responses. The optimum hydrolytic conditions predicted by the response surface methodology were 3% Protamex® at pH 6.57 and 58 °C for 4 h. These conditions resulted in an experimental degree of hydrolysis of 18.48% and free tryptophan content of 72.10 mg kg
Predictors of progression in Barrett's esophagus II: baseline 17p (p53) loss of heterozygosity identifies a patient subset at increased risk for neoplastic progression

OBJECTIVES:Most patients with Barrett's esophagus do not progress to cancer, but those who do seem to have markedly increased survival when cancers are detected at an early stage. Most surveillance programs are based on histological assessment of dysplasia, but dysplasia is subject to observer variation and transient diagnoses of dysplasia increase the cost of medical care. We have previously validated flow cytometric increased 4N fractions and aneuploidy as predictors of progression to cancer in Barrett's esophagus. However, multiple somatic genetic lesions develop during neoplastic progression in Barrett's esophagus, and it is likely that a panel of objective biomarkers will be required to manage the cancer risk optimally.METHODS:We prospectively evaluated endoscopic biopsies from 325 patients with Barrett's esophagus, 269 of whom had one or more follow-up endoscopies, by a robust platform for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis, using baseline 17p (p53) LOH as a predictor and increased 4N, aneuploidy, high-grade dysplasia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma as outcomes.RESULTS:The prevalence of 17p (p53) LOH at baseline increased from 6% in negative for dysplasia to 57% in high-grade dysplasia (p < 0.001). Patients with 17p (p53) LOH had increased rates of progression to cancer (relative risk [RR] = 16, p < 0.001), high-grade dysplasia (RR = 3.6, p = 0.02), increased 4N (RR = 6.1, p < 0.001), and aneuploidy (RR = 7.5, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Patients with 17p (p53) LOH are at increased risk for progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma as well as high-grade dysplasia, increased 4N, and aneuploidy. 17p (p53) LOH is a predictor of progression in Barrett's esophagus that can be combined with a panel of other validated biomarkers for risk assessment as well as intermediate endpoints in prevention trials.
Influence of Spatial Frequency, Luminance, and Duration on Binocular Rivalry and Abnormal Fusion of Briefly Presented Dichoptic Stimuli

Orthogonal gratings, presented dichoptically, do not fuse into a single percept. Parts of each are seen while other parts are suppressed in an unstable perception (binocular rivalry). However, it has been previously noted that, if the gratings are briefly flashed, they will appear to fuse into a plaid or checkerboard pattern. Three experiments are reported which have been designed to define more clearly the spatial and temporal parameters of this effect in the hope that this would lead to better understanding of the normal mechanisms of dominance and suppression. Stimuli appear fused if flashed for less than 150 ms. The effect is independent of substantial changes in spatial frequency and luminance. Single flashes that appear fused when presented in isolation produce rivalry if separated by intervals less than about 150 ms. Intervals greater than 150 ms produce continued abnormal fusion. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Diverse Epigenetic Profile of Novel Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a promising model for studying mechanisms ofregulation of early development and differentiation. OCT4, NANOG, OCT4-related genes andsome others were recently described to be important in pluripotency maintenance. Lesser isknown about molecular mechanisms involved in their regulation. Apart from genetic regulationof gene expression epigenetic events, particularly methylation, play an important role in earlydevelopment. Using RT-PCR we studied the expression of pluripotency-related genes OCT4,NANOG, DPPA3, and DPPA5 during hESCs differentiation to embryoid bodies. Analysis ofmethylation profiles of promoter or putative regulatory regions of the indicated genesdemonstrated that expression of the pluripotency-maintaining genes correlated with theirmethylation status, whereas methylation of DPPA3 and DPPA5 varied between cell lines. Wepropose that DNA methylation underlies the developmental stage-specific mechanisms ofpluripotency-related genes expression and reactivation and may have an impact ondifferentiation potential of hESC lines.
A Biophysical Model for Cytotoxic Cell Swelling

We present a dynamic biophysical model to explain neuronal swelling underlying cytotoxic edema in conditions of low energy supply, as observed in cerebral ischemia. Our model contains Hodgkin—Huxley-type ion currents, a recently discovered voltage-gated chloride flux through the ion exchanger SLC26A11, active KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion, and ATP-dependent pumps. The model predicts changes in ion gradients and cell swelling during ischemia of various severity or channel blockage with realistic timescales. We theoretically substantiate experimental observations of chloride influx generating cytotoxic edema, while sodium entry alone does not. We show a tipping point of Na+/K+-ATPase functioning, where below cell volume rapidly increases as a function of the remaining pump activity, and a Gibbs–Donnan-like equilibrium state is reached. This precludes a return to physiological conditions even when pump strength returns to baseline. However, when voltage-gated sodium channels are temporarily blocked, cell volume and membrane potential normalize, yielding a potential therapeutic strategy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cytotoxic edema most commonly results from energy shortage, such as in cerebral ischemia, and refers to the swelling of brain cells due to the entry of water from the extracellular space. We show that the principle of electroneutrality explains why chloride influx is essential for the development of cytotoxic edema. With the help of a biophysical model of a single neuron, we show that a tipping point of the energy supply exists, below which the cell volume rapidly increases. We simulate realistic time courses to and reveal critical components of neuronal swelling in conditions of low energy supply. Furthermore, we show that, after transient blockade of the energy supply, cytotoxic edema may be reversed by temporary blockade of Na+ channels.
Cranial Neuralgia vs Entrapment Neuropathy Decompression … Better Names Than Migraine Trigger Site Deactivation Surgery

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