Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methods of fabricating metals for nano-technology

The paper gives an introduction to nanostructuring techniques used for industrial fabrication of bulk nanocrystalline metals – basic materials utilized in shaping nanoscale structures. Nanostructured metals, called nanometals, can be produced by severe plastic deformation (SPD). We give an expert coverage of current achievements in all important SPD methods and present future industry developments and research directions including both batch and continuous processes. In the laboratories of both WUT and UOS we have developed industry standard equipment and machinery for nanometals processing. Utilizing the latest examples from our research, we provide a concise introduction to the field of mass production of nanometals for nanotechnology.
Production of Cloudifier Products from Lemon, Orange, Melon, Persimmon Fruit and its Automation

Objective: An increase of cloud stability and cloud level of cloudifier juices and concentrates of citrus, melon and persimmon fruit considerably increased their sensory characteristics and beneficial health properties. The aim is to develop the cloudifier juice technology using the continuous process of flash vacuum expansion in the industry of cloudifier juice. Materials and methods: A systematic search of the database literature up to 2014 for studies on the cloudifier juice production was conducted according to a methodology developed a priori. The property and cloud stability of cloudifier juices and concentrates from citrus, melon and persimmon fruit was determined using standardized methods. Results: Evidence from the selected studies were used to develop the industry production of cloudifier juices and concentrates from citrus, melon, persimmon fruits The cloudifier juice and concentrate from citrus, melon, persimmon fruits were obtained using the cavitation, enzyme treatment and flash vacuum expansion. The technology relates to the method that prevents the gel formation, intense browning and re-increase of astringency. The few important basic conditions, such as the enzyme treatment at low temperature, 2.8-4.4 mS electrical conductivity and the sudden expansion treatment during 30 min, formed the pectin oligomer with 60% degree of esterification, micelle (1.0-1.3 μm) network. The application of proposed procedure considerably increased the turbidity to 5000-14940 FNU in 8.0-11.2 °Brix reconstituted juice. The thermal treatment of cloudifier samples at 85-95°C not accelerated the sedimentation process. Cloudifier industry concentrates after cooled were stable for longer too. From an engineering point of view, the micelle size to complete solubilization is a critical process indicator and it determined the electrical conductivity. The relationship between turbidity and conductivity in cloudifier juices from citrus, melon, persimmon fruit was offered for control and automation in processing. Conclusions: This technology which is able to modify the pectin chains and form the micelle network was used in the industry production during a large period of time. During these period 60 lots of industrial cloudifier lemon and orange concentrates were analyzed. The cloudifier fruit juice and concentrate from citrus, melon, persimmon fruit has much benefits potential over their fruit juices and concentrates with a higher pulp, such as: • more natural colour • the turbidity more than 56870 FNU in the 8.0-11.2 °Brix reconstituted juice with a low content of the pulp (0-0.4%; 0.04-1.0% in industry products) • longer shelf life In summary of these study findings, it was found that the content of modified pectin was high and this level satisfied the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Further studies are required to quantitatively determine the effect of particle size distribution and cloud loss of the cloudifier juice.
WISE measurement of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect

The Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect (ISW) measures the decay of the gravitational potential due to cosmic acceleration and is thus a direct probe of Dark Energy. In some of the earlier studies, the amplitude of the ISW effect was found to be in tension with the predictions of the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. We measure the cross-power of galaxies and AGN from the WISE mission with CMB temperature data from WMAP9 in order to provide an independent measurement of the ISW amplitude. Cross-correlations with the recently released Planck lensing potential maps are used to calibrate the bias and contamination fraction of the sources, thus avoiding systematic effects that could be present when using auto-spectra to measure bias. We find an amplitude of the cross-power of $\mathcal{A} = 1.24\pm 0.47$ from the galaxies and $\mathcal{A} = 0.88 \pm 0.74$ from the AGN, fully consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM prediction of $\mathcal{A} =1$. The ISW measurement signal-to-noise ratio is 2.7 and 1.2 respectively, giving a combined significance close to $3 \sigma$. Comparing the amplitudes of the galaxy and AGN cross-correlations, which arise from different redshifts, we find no evidence for redshift evolution in Dark Energy properties, consistent with a Cosmological Constant.
A MODELLING PROCESS OF SHORT-TERM INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENT FOR THE SOUTH AFRICAN COMMERCIAL BANKING SECTOR

This study focuses on banking book interest rate risk (IRR) management, more specifically short-term IRR management (SIRR). This type of risk is partly induced by the inflation targeting policy of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB). As a result, inflation leads to an uncertain interest rate cycle and a period of uncertain interest rate levels as it relates to lending and borrowing activities in the South African commercial banking sector. This study highlights what causes short-term interest rate risk and how the banks may forecast and manage the SIRR with reference to the inflation targeting policy. The banking industry manages a high volume of fund transactions and portfolios of investments. The banks are intricately involved in the financial markets and are therefore exposed to a large number of risk factors. A sound banking system is an important prerequisite for a country’s future economic development. One key empirical finding of this research is that 50 per cent of the South African banks agree that loans that cannot undergo immediate rate adjustments are exposed to the repo-rate adjustment after the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting. Banks surveyed see the need for the development of a short-term interest rate risk (SIRR) management process to better control such repo-rate risk. The next key empirical finding is that interest rate risk is still managed via traditional repricing gap and sensitivity analysis which is not ideal for risk management due to inherent weaknesses (such as not quantifying capital risk exposure). This agrees with the Pricewaterhousecoopers Balance Sheet Management benchmark survey
New Insight into Electronic Neutrino Creation under X-Ray Absorption by Water Tetrahedron Intercalated with Hydronium

In contrast to so-called Auger process resulting in electron ejection from oxygen atom of water molecule under X-ray absorption, the coupling of the opposite charges in liquid water leads to polaronic exciton formation. As a result, polaronic exciton stabilized by the structure of water tetrahedron can serve as the reaction center for deuterium creation under X-ray absorption. In this case, X-ray emission spectra of H2O and D2O give a clue for the deciphering of the events followed by X-ray photon absorption. It appears to be that spin-orbit interaction under proton sharing and the interaction between LO (longitudinal optical) phonon and bipolaron in the excited state are responsible for the energy levels determining neutrino energy. The energy gap between the levels with p↓↑e and p↓↓e spin configurations of proton and electron is found to be 325.51 cm in the case of the spin-orbit interaction in polaronic exciton, while 1,556.054 cm under LO phonon interaction with the proton of the bipolaron producing the change of the nucleus spin direction to the opposite.
Gravity Waves on the Free Surface of an Incompressible Perfect Fluid of Finite Depth

We consider the nonstationary waves on the surface of an incompressible perfect fluid of finite depth above the almost horizontal bottom in the case of two dimensional irrotational motion. We assume that the density of mass is equal to one, the gravitational field to (0, — 1) and at the time f^O the fluid occupies the domain 0 ( t ) ^ { ( y l 9 y 2 ) \ y l e R l 9 -h + b(yl)^y2^fi(t9 y,)} where h is a positive constant. We denote by Fb the bottom y2= — /i + Kj'i) and by Fs the free surface y2 = rf(t, J'i)The motion of the fluid occupying at t = 0 the given domain Q is described by the velocity v = (vl9 v2)9 the pressure p of the fluid and rj satisfying the equations
Interactions between masculinity–femininity and apparent health in face preferences

Consistent with Getty's (2002. Signaling health versus parasites. Am Nat. 159:363--371.) proposal that cues to long-term health and cues to current condition are at least partly independent, recent research on human face preferences has found divergent effects of masculinity--femininity, a cue to long-term health, and apparent health, a cue to current condition. In light of this, we tested for interactions between these 2 cues. Participants viewed composite images of opposite-sex faces that had been manufactured in combinations of high and low apparent health and masculinity--femininity. Preferences for masculinity in men's faces and femininity in women's faces were stronger when judging the attractiveness of faces with high apparent health than when judging the attractiveness of faces with low apparent health. Similarly, preferences for high apparent health were stronger for judgments of masculine men's faces and feminine women's faces than for judgments of feminine men's faces and masculine women's faces, respectively. Interactions between apparent health and masculinity--femininity when forming face preferences may function to optimize how masculinity--femininity and apparent health are used to infer the quality of potential mates and highlight the complexity and sophistication of the perceptual mechanisms that underpin face preferences. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Comparison of Two Conventional Methods for Identification of Dermatophyte Fungi

The current study is the identification and isolation dermatophyte species in clinical isolates by both Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and on Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM). Clinical specimens of hair, nails and skin scales were collected from patients with dermatophytosis and submitted to direct microscopic examination after immersion in 20% of potassium hydroxide solution. The clinical specimens were cultured on SDA containing chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, and on DTM. Tinea corporis showed the highest prevalent dermatophyte infection among patients (26.7%), followed by Tinea pedis (23.3%), whereas Tinea manuum exhibited the lowest fungal infection (6.7 %). Rural areas revealed the highest prevalence of dermatophyte infection (70.0 %) in comparison to 30.0% in urban areas. Based on the conventional laboratory methods, 30 clinical isolates of dermatophytes showed positive cultures which belong to three genera (Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton). Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common species (21.7%) isolated among 30 positive dermatophytes, followed by Epidermophyton flocosum (17.4%), then Trichophyton bullosum and Trichophyton tonsurans (13.0%).
Mitigating Tail-fatness, Lepto Kurtic and Skewness Problems in VaR Estimation via Markov Switching Settings - An Empirical Study on Major TAIEX Index Returns

This paper serves as one of the first studies that estimate the value at risk (VaR) via a Markov-switching (MS) model. Specifically, we use a two-regime MS specification, a MS setting with two sets of regime mean and regime variance, on TAIEX as well as Taiwanfs major industrial group stock index returns. We demonstrate that MS effectively correct non-normality problems and outshine both GARCH and the mixing normal models, with the former (latter) alternative being subject to over- (under-estimating) the persistence of stock return volatility (hereafter volatility). As for estimating the 5% VaR, MS appears to be equally effective as Bayesian mixing normal and GARCH. In contrast, MS significantly outperforms the two non-linear alternatives for estimating VaR with 1% or 2.5% tail probabilities. Furthermore, as for the window of learning period on rare events, we find that one need to go much farther back to effectively depict the left as opposed to the right tail. Key words:Markov-switching models, value at risk
Phytochemical profile of stem bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis

The phytochemical constituents of stem bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis were isolated and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A shade-dried stem bark of K. senegalensis was extracted using methanol and water as solvents. The main chemical compositions of the extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed to confirm the various classes of active chemical. The chemical composition of methanolic stem bark extract of K. senegalensis included: 4-Hepten-3-one, 2, 6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, and 11-Octadecenoic acid. Others are 9–Hexadecenoic acid, Stearic acid, I, E-11, Z-13-Octadecatriene, Cyclododecyne, Hexadecanoic acid, Ricinoleic acid, 13-Decosenoic acid, and 9-Hexadecenal. The Chemical composition of aqueous stem bark extract of K. senegalensis included 1, 2, 3-benzenetriol, n-Hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, (Z)6,(Z)9-pentadecadeien-1-ol, 1,E-11,Z-13-octadecatriene, and 1-flourodecane. Other chemical constituents of the aqueous extract included 9-octadecanal, E-9-tetradecanal, and 2-methyl-Z, Z-3, 13-octadecadienol. The molecular weight of these compounds ranged from low to high with carbon skeleton of between C7 and C37. Both aromatic and aliphatic compounds were identified. K. senegalensis contains alkaloid, saponin, tannins and flavonoids. A good number of bioactive compounds were present in the stem bark of K. senegalensis. Key words: Aqueous extracts, metanolic extracts, GC-MS analysis, Khaya senegalensis, phytochemical profile.
Incidence of Retained Placenta in Relation with Breed, Age, Parity and Body Condition Score of Dairy cows

Retained placenta is an economically important reproductive disorder which occurs at the end of the reproductive cycle and has repercussions on the next. The study was conducted a total 1205 dairy cows from 9 upazila and 4 Metro Thana of Rajshahi during the period from July 2010 to June 2011. To evaluate the incidence of retained placenta in relation to breed, age, parity and body condition score of dairy cows. A questionnaire was prepared including information viz. name and address of farmer, breed, age; parity and body condition score for achievement of the study. The overall prevalence of retained placenta was 13.4%. The influencing factors including breed, age, parity, body condition score had significant effect (P 3 years age, 1st parity and fair body condition group of cows, respectively. From this study, it might be concluded that local breed, ? 3 years but less than 5 years age group, 3rd parity had least risk for retained placenta. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i1.10878 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(1): 15-20
Biochemical effect of Heatsynch protocol with mineral mixture supplement and bypass fat on postpartum anoestrous crossbred cows

The present investigation was conducted to study the biochemical effect of Heatsynch protocol with mineral mixture (nutritional supplementation) and bypass fat on postpartum anoestrous crossbred cows. Twenty postpartum anoestrous crossbred cows were selected based on the history and rectal palpation in Kamrup district of Assam, India. The animals were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B i.e. ten animals in each group. The animals in Group A received Heatsynch + mineral mixture + bypass fat and AI was done at induced oestrus. Group B animals were kept as control without any treatment. Blood samples were collected from cows on day 0, 7, 8 and 9 of Heatsynch protocol for the estimation of serum biochemical profiles. The use of mineral mixture + bypass fat + Heatsynch protocol resulted in 100.00 per cent oestrus induction with mean interval of 32.60 ± 1.54 hours. The conception rate at induced oestrus was found to be 60.00 per cent. The mean serum oestrogen, serum cortisol, total serum protein, serum calcium, serum phosphorus and serum zinc on day 0, 7, 8 and 9 revealed that the values on 9th day were significantly higher than the values obtained on day 0, 7 and 8. The mean serum progesterone and serum cholesterol concentration was maximum on day 7 and 0 respectively. Based on the investigation it was found that Heatsynch protocol with nutritional supplementation and bypass fat resulted in effective induction of oestrus with satisfactory conception rate in postpartum anoestrous crossbred cows.
Herding Behaviour Inside the Board: An Experimental Approach

An experimental study was conducted to measure the impact of "herding behaviour" inside a board of directors based on the Gonzalez (2002 PhD dissertation) theoretical model, which maintains that in a board meeting composed of a CEO and two external directors (A and B), where voting is sequential (CEO → A → B) and the directors' reputations are valuable, director B tends to copy director A's decision. Based on the observations made through the experiment, we confirm the presence of herding behaviour. Copyright (c) 2006 The Authors; Journal compilation (c) 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Helical Solenoid Model of the Electron

A new semiclassical model of the electron with helical solenoid geometry is presented. This new model is an extension of both the Parson Ring Model and the Hestenes Zitterbewegung Model. This model interprets the Zitterbewegung as a real motion that generates the electron’s rotation (spin) and its magnetic moment. In this new model, the g-factor appears as a consequence of the electron’s geometry while the quantum of magnetic flux and the quantum Hall resistance are obtained as model parameters. The Helical Solenoid Electron Model necessarily implies that the electron has a toroidal moment, a feature that is not predicted by Quantum Mechanics. The predicted toroidal moment can be tested experimentally to validate or discard this proposed model.
A method to determine mineralization kinetics of a decomposable part of soil organic matter in the soil

A new method was proposed that complements the value of active carbon in the soil expressed as hot-water soluble carbon C hws . The method is based on vacuum measurements of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of soil suspensions using an Oxi Top Control system manufactured by the WTW Merck Company that is destined for hydrochemical analyses of organically contaminated waters. Measurements will provide BOD values for particular days of incubation; total limit BOD t can be determined from these values, and it is possible to calculate the rate constant k 1 of mineralization of a decomposable part of soil organic matter. It is typical of soil organic matter (SOM) of a given soil sample and comparable with the BOD 5 :COD (chemical oxygen demand) ratio that is used to evaluate degradability of water organic contamination in hydrochemical analytics.
Teachers’ Emotional Labour and Burnout: Does Perceived Organizational Support Matter?

The study investigated the moderating role of perceived organizational support on emotional labour–burnout relation among 323 secondary school teachers in Enugu State, Nigeria. Participants completed the Teacher Emotional Labor Scale (TELS), Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS), and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results showed that surface acting, deep acting, and POS significantly predicted emotional exhaustion. Only deep acting and POS significantly predicted depersonalization whereas surface acting did not. Both the two-way interaction terms between surface acting and POS, and that between deep acting and POS were not significant in predicting either emotional exhaustion or depersonalization.
Problems in Sentence Construction at HSSC Level in Pakistan

This study entitled “Problems in the Construction of Sentence at HSSC Level in Pakistan” strives to unearth the problems faced by the students in learning sentence structure through literature and the facts regarding the role of literature as a teaching tool in teaching English as a second/foreign language with reference to the construction of sentence at Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC) level in Pakistan. This study also investigates how much the students learn English sentence structure through literature. To achieve the set objectives of this study, the researcher went for the quantitative research methodology. So, a questionnaire comprising of 30 items encompassing the different aspects of sentence structure was designed to collect data from 600 subjects (male/female) of HSSC (Higher Secondary School Certificate) level. The researcher has also conducted an achievement test so that a correlation might be drawn between their attitude towards “teaching English sentence structure through literature” and the score of their achievement test. The collected data were analyzed through software package (SPSS XX) which is commonly used in applied linguistics. The findings of this study explicitly reveal that the EFL learners remain unable to learn and develop both the contraction of sentence and syntactic skills when they are taught English through literature. This study recommends that the teaching of English should be application oriented and task-based strategies and activities should be resorted to by the FL educators.
Agricultural Fires and Their Potential Impacts on Regional Air Quality over China

ABSTRACTThe potential impacts of agricultural fires (agri-fires) on regional air quality over China were examined using active fire products derived from satellite remote sensing and air mass trajectory modeling from 2009 to 2010. Agri-fires were found in most administrative areas. More than 80% of the agri-fires were in the heartlands of agricultural regions such as Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong and Henan Provinces. Agri-fires had a seasonal pattern, with two distinct peaks in summer and autumn harvest periods, especially in June (61–86%) and October (5–14%). Agri-fire smoke was transported in the atmosphere on a continental scale in three directions, moving northeasterly, northwesterly and southwesterly away from source areas. Particles from agri-fire smoke contributed more than 35% of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over regions of the Jiaodong Peninsular, the North Plain, East China and other areas, and exceeded 60% in some areas of Shandong, Henan and Jiangsu Provinces. In the boundary layer atmosphere, particles from agri-fire smoke contributed more than 29% of PM10 in parts of Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces. Due to agri-fires the amount of PM10 was highly correlated (R2 = 0.6) with the smoke air masses in the main potential sink regions, and the mean PM10 during the summer harvest of 2010 reached 0.24 mg/m3, far higher than the adjacent periods without smoke.