Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Monitoring of Linear Profiles

We propose control chart methods for process monitoring when the quality of a process or product is characterized by a linear function. In the historical analysis of Phase I data, we recommend methods including the use of a bivariate T2 chart to check for stability of the regression coefficients in conjunction with a univariate Shewhart chart to check for stability of the variation about the regression line. We recommend the use of three univariate control charts in Phase II. These three charts are used to monitor the 𝘠-intercept, the slope, and the variance of the deviations about the regression line, respectively. A simulation study shows that this type of Phase II method can detect sustained shifts in the parameters better than competing methods in terms of average run length performance. We also relate the monitoring of linear profiles to the control charting of regression-adjusted variables and other methods.
Investigating the relationships between Neuroticism, Self-Compassion and Coping Styles

Neuroticism affects the extent towards which individuals evaluates their own self-worth and self-compassion. Yet little is known about how individuals positively or negatively cope influences the relationship between neuroticism and self-compassion.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuroticism, positive/negative coping styles and self-compassion. A cross-sectional survey design was used with a convenience sample of 212 respondents from the Netherlands and Germany. The neuroticism scale from the BFI, the CERQ (coping styles) and the SCS (self-compassion) were used. Simple regressions and moderation analyses were used to analyse the data. Findings showed a negative relationship between neuroticism, positive coping styles and self-compassion as well as a positive relationship between neuroticism and negative coping styles. Furthermore, negative coping styles had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between neuroticism and self-compassion. Since, focusing on positive coping styles does not enhance self-compassion, whereas managing negative coping styles does, therapists are advised to adjust coping strategy based therapies. Practically, this study shows that negative coping styles are important when we want to help neurotic people experience self-compassion whereas positive coping styles do not seem to hold this same importance.
A new methodology to simulate subglacial deformation of water-saturated granular material

Abstract. The dynamics of glaciers are to a large degree governed by processes operating at the ice–bed interface, and one of the primary mechanisms of glacier flow over soft unconsolidated sediments is subglacial deformation. However, it has proven difficult to constrain the mechanical response of subglacial sediment to the shear stress of an overriding glacier. In this study, we present a new methodology designed to simulate subglacial deformation using a coupled numerical model for computational experiments on grain-fluid mixtures. The granular phase is simulated on a per-grain basis by the discrete element method. The pore water is modeled as a compressible Newtonian fluid without inertia. The numerical approach allows close monitoring of the internal behavior under a range of conditions. Our computational experiments support the findings of previous studies where the rheology of a slowly deforming water-saturated granular bed in the steady state generally conforms to the rate-independent plastic rheology. Before this so-called critical state, deformation is in many cases accompanied by volumetric changes as grain rearrangement in active shear zones changes the local porosity. For previously consolidated beds porosity increases can cause local pore-pressure decline, dependent on till permeability and shear rate. We observe that the pore-water pressure reduction strengthens inter-granular contacts, which results in increased shear strength of the granular material. In contrast, weakening takes place when shear deformation causes consolidation of dilated sediments or during rapid fabric development. Both processes of strengthening and weakening depend inversely on the sediment permeability and are transient phenomena tied to the porosity changes during the early stages of shear. We find that the transient strengthening and weakening in turn influences the distribution of shear strain in the granular bed. Dilatant strengthening has the ability to distribute strain during early deformation to large depths, if sediment dilatancy causes the water pressure at the ice–bed interface to decline. Oppositely, if the ice–bed interface is hydrologically stable the strengthening process is minimal and instead causes shallow deformation. The depth of deformation in subglacial beds thus seems to be governed by not only local grain and pore-water feedbacks but also larger-scale hydrological properties at the ice base.
Magnetohydrodynamical simulation of the formation of clumps and filaments in quiescent diffuse medium by thermal instability

We have used the AMR hydrodynamic code, MG, to perform idealised 3D MHD simulations of the formation of clumpy and filamentary structure in a thermally unstable medium without turbulence. A stationary thermally unstable spherical diffuse atomic cloud with uniform density in pressure equilibrium with low density surroundings was seeded with random density variations and allowed to evolve. A range of magnetic field strengths threading the cloud have been explored, from beta=0.1 to beta=1.0 to the zero magnetic field case (beta=infinity), where beta is the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure. Once the density inhomogeneities had developed to the point where gravity started to become important, self-gravity was introduced to the simulation. With no magnetic field, clouds and clumps form within the cloud with aspect ratios of around unity, whereas in the presence of a relatively strong field (beta=0.1) these become filaments, then evolve into interconnected corrugated sheets that are predominantly perpendicular to the magnetic field. With magnetic and thermal pressure equality (beta=1.0), filaments, clouds and clumps are formed. At any particular instant, the projection of the 3D structure onto a plane parallel to the magnetic field, i.e. a line of sight perpendicular to the magnetic field, resembles the appearance of filamentary molecular clouds. The filament densities, widths, velocity dispersions and temperatures resemble those observed in molecular clouds. In contrast, in the strong field case beta=0.1, projection of the 3D structure along a line of sight parallel to the magnetic field reveals a remarkably uniform structure.
Prospect Theory and Higher Moments

The paper relates cumulative prospect theory to the moments of returns distributions, e.g. skewness and kurtosis, assuming returns are normal inverse Gaussian distributed. The normal inverse Gaussian distribution parametrizes the first- to forth-order moments, making the investigation straightforward. Cumulative prospect theory utility is found to be positively related to the skewness. However, the relation is negative when probability weighing is set aside. This shows that cumulative prospect theory investors display a preference for skewness through the probability weighting function. Furthermore, the investor’s utility is inverse hump-shape related to the kurtosis. Consequences for portfolio choice issues are studied. The findings, among others, suggest that optimal cumulative prospect theory portfolios are not meanvariance efficient under the normal inverse Gaussian distribution.
Indoor and Outdoor Concentrations of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Respirable Particulate in Central and Southern Taiwan

ABSTRACTHigh levels of fine particulate (PM2.5) in indoor and outdoor air have globally threatened human health and environment. There are still few studies which concern on the emerging persistent organic pollutants like polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) bound on PM2.5. The aim of this study was to investigate PBDEs in PM2.5 in various outdoor (metropolis, industrial, and rural areas) and indoor (library, rail station, hospital, supermarket, department store, and office) environments. PM2.5-bound PBDEs was analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry after PM2.5 was collected. Mean levels of PM2.5-bound Σ14PBDEs were 79.0 and 116 pg m–3 in outdoor and indoor air, respectively. Compared to other outdoor locations, the industrial sites, Taixi (169 pg m–3) in particular, has the highest PM2.5-bound PBDEs levels which might be attributed to nearby industrial activities and indoor to outdoor migration behaviors. For indoor air, PM2.5-bound PBDEs mean concentrations (libraries, rail stations, department stores, offices, hospitals, and supermarkets) were found to be 357, 35.3, 50.2, 73.2, 59.2, and 124 pg m–3, respectively. The high indoor PM2.5-bound PBDEs levels found in libraries are heavily affected by the presence of indoor electronic equipment or other consumer products. Similarly, this is also true for supermarkets which merchandise electronic consumer products. Although the abundant congener of deca-BDE consisted of 74.7% and 48.03% of Σ14PBDEs in the indoor and outdoor air, respectively, nona-BDEs predominantly contributed 11.6% in the indoors while tri- and tert-BDES contributed 11.3% and 16% in the outdoors. Higher brominated PBDEs are more likely due to their emission from electronic surfaces while lower brominated PBDEs are products of photochemical degradation. Other factors affecting both the indoor and outdoor air PM2.5-bound PBDE homologue levels such as migration behaviors might also be considered.
Efficacy of Conventional Tree Stabilization Systems and their Effect on Short-Term Tree Development

We evaluated three conventional tree stabilization systems (staking, guying, and root ball anchoring) on 6.4 cm (2.5 in) caliper field-grown, balled and burlapped white ash (Fraxinus americana L. ‘Autumn Purple’). At five weeks and at seven months after planting, performance of the stabilization systems was evaluated under ambient wind conditions as well as wind-simulating pull tests. Nonstabilized ash trees remained upright during both the 5-week and 7-month studies despite occasionally substantial wind gusts. From the pull tests, the study found the stabilization systems performed equally well and that even nonstabilized ash trees were tolerant of moderate to heavy wind loads. Stabilization systems differed in the maximum force they endured before component failure. The guying system withstood forces 1.7 to 2.5 times greater than the root ball anchoring and staking systems, respectively. Stabilization system components were very durable during the first growing season and did not substantially impact tree height growth, shoot elongation, root diameter, root length, or root mass seven months after planting. After one growing season, both nonstabilized and previously stabilized trees remained upright until unrealistically large loads were applied. Practical implications for landscape tree management are discussed.
Isotropic and anisotropic descriptions of damage in concrete structures

Scalar damage models are very often implemented in computational analyses in order to predict the response and failure modes of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. In most situations, however, damage is not isotropic but has preferential directions. Therefore, there have been many questions about the pertinence and range of applicability of isotropic, scalar, damage models for describing a degradation process which is strongly geometrically oriented. In order to assess what are the limitations of such a simplifying assumption, a comparative study is presented. The constitutive relations used for this purpose derive from the same class of models with a gradual enhancement of the description of damage. The scalar damage model is compared to another model where damage-induced orthotropy is described, with the possibility of rotation of the principle axes of orthotropy. Both models incorporate crack closure effects and a plasticity damage coupling. Structural analyses on bending beams, compression-shear and tension-shear concrete panels are presented. Although it may appear to be simplistic, the scalar damage model provides accurate predictions when failure is mainly due to uniaxial extension. Crack closure introduces an additional anisotropy which is important in compression-shear problems. Finally, damage-induced anisotropy seems important when failure is due to multiaxial extensions, such as in shear-tension problems. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inversion techniques and combinatorial identities. Strange evaluations of basic hypergeometric series

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Development, Validity and Reliability of Perceived Service Quality in Retail Banking and its Relationship With Perceived Value and Customer Satisfaction

Microfinance is often hailed both as a tool for fighting poverty and as a tool for post-conflict reconciliation. This paper explores the use of microfinance in post-civil war Bosnia and Herzegovina, assessing its results in terms of both goals. As it combined high unemployment with a highly educated population in an institutionally open context, Bosnia and Herzegovina provides a crucial test of the effect of microfinance. If unambiguous signs of success cannot be found in a case with such favorable conditions, this would raise serious questions about the potential benefits of microfinance. The paper draws together evidence from a series of independent reviews of microfinance in Bosnia and Herzegovina, to assess its impact in terms of economic performance, the economic system, social welfare and post-conflict integration. Based on this case study, microfinance appears a better tool for dealing with poverty than with social integration or institution building.
Relationship Between Sensory Processing, Resilience, Attitudes and Drug use in Portuguese Adults

espanolResumen: Investigaciones sugieren que la relacion entre la resiliencia y el uso de sustancias es un proceso psicologico no lineal y multifactorial. Sorprendentemente, el procesamiento sensorial raramente se menciona como una variable asociada a estos fenomenos. En el presente estudio fue investigado la relacion entre el procesamiento sensorial, la resiliencia, las actitudes y el comportamiento de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas. Fueron utilizados cuatro instrumentos de medida: Perfil Sensorial para Adolescentes y Adultos; Escala de Resiliencia; Escalas de Actitudes; Escala de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas. La muestra fue constituida por 340 participantes adultos sanos, de los cuales 261 (76.8%) eran mujeres y 79 (23.2%) hombres. En cuanto a la edad cronologica, el individuo mas joven tenia 18 anos y el mas viejo 76 anos (M = 39; DP = 11). El procesamiento sensorial se mostro asociado a las actitudes y la conducta de consumo. Los desequilibrios sensoriales parecen estar implicados en la disminucion de la resiliencia. EnglishAbstract: Research suggests that the relationship between resilience and substance use is a non-linear and multifactorial psychological process. Surprisingly, sensory processing is rarely mentioned as a variable associated with this phenomenon. In this study, we investigated the relationship between resilience, sensory processing, attitudes and consumption behaviors for alcohol, tobacco and other psychoactive substances. For this, we used four instruments: Adult / Adolescent Sensory Profile; Resilience Scale; Attitudes scales; Tobacco, Alcohol and Other Drug Use Scale. The sample consisted of 340 healthy adult participants, of whom 261 (76.8%) were women and 79 (23.2%) men. As for chronological age, the youngest person was 18 and the oldest was 76 years (M = 39; DP = 11). Sensory processing was associated with the intake behaviors and attitudes. Sensory imbalances appeared to be implicated in decreased resilience. portuguesResumo: A investigacao sugere que a relacao entre resiliencia e uso de substâncias e um processo psicologico nao linear e multifatorial. Surpreendentemente, o processamento sensorial raramente e evocado enquanto variavel associada a estes fenomenos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as relacoes entre processamento sensorial, resiliencia, atitudes e frequencia de comportamentos de consumo de alcool, tabaco e outras substâncias psicoativas em adultos saudaveis. Foram empregados quatro instrumentos: Perfil Sensorial para Adolescentes e Adultos; Escala de resiliencia; Escalas de atitudes; Escala de consumo de tabaco, alcool e outras drogas. A amostra foi constituida por 340 participantes adultos mentalmente saudaveis, dos quais 261 (76.8%) eram mulheres. Quanto a idade cronologica, o individuo mais novo tinha 18 anos e o mais velho tinha 76 anos (M = 39; DP = 11). O processamento sensorial apresentou-se associado a atitudes e condutas de consumo. Os desequilibrios sensoriais parecem estar implicados na diminuicao da resiliencia.
Clinical, laboratory and epidemiological data of chronic chagasic patients residing in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil.

Clinical, laboratory and epidemiological data of 48 chagasic patients living in the northwestern region of the State of Parana were analyzed. The clinical study revealed abnormalities in 59.5% of electrocardiograms and 27% of chest x -rays. Prior to etiologic treatment, all patients had positive IIF and ELISA, except for one case with a IIF titer of 20. Hemoculture, CoML and PCR were positive in 41.7%, 89.6% and 83.3% of subjects respectively. The subjects included women (52.1%) and men (47.9%) with average age of 46.9 ± 10.1 years mainly from the States of Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo (70.9%) and Parana (18.8%). The majority acquired the infection through vector contact (95.8%) and 79.2% discovered the disease because they felt ill and looked for medical care, while 8.3% discovered their illness through blood donation. Understanding the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological data of chagasic patients is of considerable importance in order to formulate etiologic treatment proposals for these patients. The majority of the subjects in this study are in the productive phase of their lives and do not present clinical abnormalities, thus raising questions related to treatment which will be evaluated in future studies.words: Chagas disease, hemoculture, PCR, lytic antibodies, epidemiology data, State of Parana.
On Fungi associated with Hyalomma anatolicum and Amblyomma lepidum ( Acari = Ixodidae ) in Khartoum State , Sudan

Article history Received:20February2014 Accepted: 7April 2014 Available online: 5 August 2014 The objective of this study was to demonstrate the occurrence of fungi on Hyalomma anatolicum and Amblyomma lepidum. Ticks were collected from different localities in the Sudan, Khartoum, Gezira, El Obeid and Ed Damazine in approach to biological control. Various fungal species were isolated from field collected and colonycontaminated tick. Most fungi were found to belong to Hyphomycetes in addition to yeasts. The study reported the first isolation of such fungi from Hyalomma anatolicum and Amblyomma lepidum in the Sudan. Scopulariopsis bervicaulis, the currently isolated fungus, was found to have significantly inhibited reproductive performance of the treated ticks. Thus, the use of naturally occurring fungi as biological means of tick control in the Sudan is highly recommended.  2013 Sudan University of Science and Technology. All rights reserved
Ecological Status of Essential Fish Habitats Through an Anthropogenic Environmental Stress Gradient in Puerto Rican Coral Reefs.

The status of declining marine fisheries through the wider Caribbean region has been thoroughly documented. However, there is a lack of quantitative data to determine if there is any cause and effect relationship between declining fish populations and declining ecological conditions of essential fish habitats. We have quantitatively documented the ecological conditions of essential fish habitats and fish communities through an anthropogenic environmental stress gradient in seven northeastern Puerto Rican coral reef communities. Study sites differ in fishing pressure and in water quality, factors which create an anthropogenic environmental stress gradient as we move off degraded coasts. Line intercept transects were used to assess coral reef epibenthic communities. Stationary visual censuses were used to assess fish communities. There were significant differences in the structure of coral reef epibenthic and fish communities as we moved offshore, which suggests that anthropogenic environmental stress and fishing pressure gradients can change the structure of coral reef epibenthic and fish communities. Degradation is stronger at inshore habitats, which showed lower coral species richness, percentage of living coral cover and species diversity. These habitats are also characterized by having higher algal cover, and low abundance and diversity of reef fishes. Offshore, less degraded habitats are characterized by higher coral species richness, percentage of living coral cover and species diversity. These habitats are also characterized by having lower algal cover, and high abundance and diversity of reef fishes. There were also severe overfishing effects at some of the less disturbed offshore sites, which masked the expected results for a healthy reef. Reef fish abundance and biomass was significantly lower at overfished sites. Given the alarming conditions of depleted fish stocks, even within the boundaries of Natural Reserves, we recommend the establishment of a network of small Marine Fishery Reserves (=no take zones) at Cayo Diablo, Palominitos Island, Cayo Icacos and at the western coast of Culebra Island to help restore depleted fish stocks. There is a relationship between the ecological conditions of essential fish habitats and reef fish communities. The status of essential fish habitats could affect the status of fish communities. But under the absence of significant environmental degradation, the status of fish communities could also affect the status of essential fish habitats (i.e., coral reefs). These aspects should be taken in consideration in the design of coral reef fishery management measures, including the establishment of marine fishery
Intercomparison of an Ensemble Kalman Filter with Three- and Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Methods in a Limited-Area Model over the Month of June 2003

Abstract This study compares the performance of an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with both the three-dimensional and four-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar and 4DVar) methods of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model over the contiguous United States in a warm-season month (June) of 2003. The data assimilated every 6 h include conventional sounding and surface observations as well as data from wind profilers, ships and aircraft, and the cloud-tracked winds from satellites. The performances of these methods are evaluated through verifying the 12- to 72-h forecasts initialized twice daily from the analysis of each method against the standard sounding observations. It is found that 4DVar has consistently smaller error than that of 3DVar for winds and temperature at all forecast lead times except at 60 and 72 h when their forecast errors become comparable in amplitude, while the two schemes have similar performance in moisture at all lead times. The forecast error of the EnKF is compa.