Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of adipose‐tissue‐derived stromal cell orientation and motility in 2D‐ and 3D‐cultures by direct‐current electrical field

Cell alignment and motility play a critical role in a variety of cell behaviors, including cytoskeleton reorganization, membrane‐protein relocation, nuclear gene expression, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Direct current electric field (EF) in vitro can direct many types of cells to align vertically to EF vector. In this work, we investigated the effects of EF stimulation on rat adipose‐tissue‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs) in 2D‐culture on plastic culture dishes and in 3D‐culture on various scaffold materials, including collagen hydrogels, chitosan hydrogels and poly(L‐lactic acid)/gelatin electrospinning fibers. Rat ADSCs were exposed to various physiological‐strength EFs in a homemade EF‐bioreactor. Changes of morphology and movements of cells affected by applied EFs were evaluated by time‐lapse microphotography, and cell survival rates and intracellular calcium oscillations were also detected. Results showed that EF facilitated ADSC morphological changes, under 6 V/cm EF strength, and that ADSCs in 2D‐culture aligned vertically to EF vector and kept a good cell survival rate. In 3D‐culture, cell galvanotaxis responses were subject to the synergistic effect of applied EF and scaffold materials. Fast cell movement and intracellular calcium activities were observed in the cells of 3D‐culture. We believe our research will provide some experimental references for the future study in cell galvanotaxis behaviors.
The diagnosis of the depth of burning

DURING the last few years primary excision of dead tissue and immediate skin-grafting have been recognized as the treatment of choice for burns destroying the whole thickness of the skin. This procedure is based on three principles : first, it is better to excise dead tissue and close the wound than to allow spontaneous separation of the slough to occur, with its attendant risks of infection, fibrosis, and loss of function; secondly, when there is destruction of the whole thickness of the skin over a sufficiently large area grafting is always required eventually, either to obtain healing or to correct contractures resulting from shortage of skin ; and lastly, the best surgical results are obtained in the shortest time by this method of treatment. The diagnosis of full-thickness skin loss, however, is often difficult immediately after burning, and in the past it has usually rested upon the intuition that comes from experience rather than upon accurate description and definition. This study was undertaken in order to find physical signs upon which the early diagnosis of the depth of necrosis might be based.
Two Bases of the Compatibility Effect in the Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Four experiments are reported, investigating the mechanisms underlying the compatibility effect in the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). All experiments involved two IATs: flower IAT, in which the target categories were flowers and insects, and number IAT, involving even and odd numbers as target categories. In Experiment 1, using the standard IAT procedure, the two IATs produced equal IAT effects, despite large differences in rated valence contrast between flowers and insects and between even and odd numbers. Experiment 2 used a procedure developed by Klauer and Mierke (2005) and produced results consistent with the view that valence plays a role in the flower IAT but not in the number IAT. Experiments 3 and 4 used manipulations similar to those developed by Rothermund and Wentura (2004) and showed that these manipulations affected the flower IAT and number IAT differently. The results provide converging evidence that the two types of IAT effects—one based on valence and one based on familiarity—are empirically dissociable.
Emphasizing the Functional Design of the Outdoor Environment of Economically Affordable Housing ——With Reference to Hong Kong Public Housing and Singapore Public Housing

This paper introduces the characters of the outdoor environment in Hong Kong public housing and Singapore public housing, analyses how to realize the three functions which are leisure communication, landscape, and ecology. It is discussed that the outdoor environment of the economically affordable housing of China can be optimized through emphasizing the environmental function, paying attention to homogenization, diversifying outdoor space layout, attaching importance to maintenance and management, and so on. It is expected to improve the living environment of the low-and-medium wage earners effectively as well as using the precious land resources intensively, so as to further the harmonious development of the society.
Ontological study of calbindin‐D28k‐like and parvalbumin‐like immunoreactivities in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia

The calcium ion plays an important role in some critical developmental events in the nervous system, such as neurulation and neurite elongation. Therefore, as the intracellular calcium‐binding proteins calbindin‐D28k (CaB) and parvalbumin (PV) may be expressed in these developmental events. Accordingly, the ontological expression of CaB and PV was examined immunocytochemically in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the rat, in order to evaluate the relationship between CaB and PV expression, and other important developmental events.
Phenothiazines in prevention of psychiatric hospitalization. IV. Delay or prevention of hospitalization--a reevaluation.

THIS PAPER is the fourth in a series of investigations into the factors influencing hospitalization of schizophrenic outpatients. In the first publication it was shown that chlorpromazine had a marked effect in reducing the incidence of hospitalization among ambulatory chronic schizophrenic Patients.1Further exploration revealed that although chlorpromazine was highly effective early in treatment, its effectiveness diminished progressively over time, suggestingdelayrather thanpreventionof hospitalization. In contrast to phenothiazine-treated patients, the hospitalization rates for groups of patients treated with placebo were similar, regardless of duration of treatment exposure.2A review of the literature found a similar consistency in the hospitalization rates reported for placebo-treated patients (25% to 30%),2suggesting the existence of a finite subgroup of "hospitalization prone" patients in any given group of ambulatory schizophrenic patients. In addition, the consistency in the hospitalization rates of placebo-treated groups suggests
Prospective effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and sex on adolescent substance use and abuse.

CONTEXT Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), an early manifestation of externalizing behavior, may identify children at high risk for later substance abuse. However, the ADHD-substance abuse relationship often disappears when co-occurring conduct disorder (CD) is considered. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a prospective relationship between ADHD and the initiation of substance use and disorders, and whether this relationship depends on the ADHD subtype (hyperactive/impulsive or inattentive), CD, or sex. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Dimensional and categorical measures of ADHD and CD were examined via logistic regression analyses in relation to subsequent initiation of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use by 14 years of age and onset of substance use disorders by 18 years of age in a population-based sample of 11-year-old twins (760 female and 752 male twins) from the Minnesota Twin Family Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Structured interviews were administered to adolescents and their mothers regarding substance use and to generate diagnoses. RESULTS For boys and girls, hyperactivity/impulsivity predicted initiation of all types of substance use, nicotine dependence, and cannabis abuse/dependence (for all, P < .05), even when controlling for CD at 2 time points. By contrast, relationships between inattention and substance outcomes disappeared when hyperactivity/impulsivity and CD were controlled for, with the possible exception of nicotine dependence. A categorical diagnosis of ADHD significantly predicted tobacco and illicit drug use only (adjusted odds ratios, 2.01 and 2.82, respectively). A diagnosis of CD between 11 and 14 years of age was a powerful predictor of substance disorders by 18 years of age (all odds ratios, > 4.27). CONCLUSIONS Hyperactivity/impulsivity predicts later substance problems, even after growth in later-emerging CD is considered, whereas inattention alone poses less risk. Even a single symptom of ADHD or CD is associated with increased risk. Failure in previous research to consistently observe relationships between ADHD and substance use and abuse outcomes could be due to reliance on less-sensitive categorical diagnoses.
Relationship Between Kinematic Factors and Countermovement Jump Height in Trained Track and Field Athletes

González-Badillo, JJ and Marques, MC. Relationship between kinematic factors and countermovement jump height in trained track and field athletes. J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 3443-3447, 2010-Countermovement jump (CMJ) has been extensively used in training, yet kinematic data for a large sample of trained athletes are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between kinematic factors of CMJ height in a large sample of trained track and field athletes. Forty-eight adult athletes performed 3 maximal CMJ-weighted jumps while ground reaction forces were sampled using a force platform synchronized with a linear transducer. The CMJ height presented significant relations with both eccentric (descending) and concentric (ascending) phases. In addition, strong correlations were observed between CMJ performance and the peak power produced during the concentric phase (r = 0.812-0.851) and with the average power generated in the same phase (r = 0.829-0.870). Finally, maximal negative velocity was low to moderate in its association with CMJ performance (r = 0.57-0.65). The present data contribute important knowledge concerning determinant factors of vertical jump performance that have not been analyzed in trained athletes. As predictors, it is important to observe high values of correlation between the force produced during the concentric and eccentric phases with the height of all the CMJ trials. In this way, our study confirms previous findings in which peak power was shown to be the best predictor of CMJ height. Nevertheless, the moderate but significant predictive value of negative velocity was even more noticeable.
Prevention of wound complications following salvage laryngectomy using free vascularized tissue

Total laryngectomy following radiation therapy or concurrent chemoradiation therapy is associated with unacceptably high complication rates because of wound healing difficulties. With an ever increasing reliance on organ preservation protocols as primary treatment for advanced laryngeal cancer, the surgeon must develop techniques to minimize postoperative complications in salvage laryngectomy surgery. We have developed an approach using free tissue transfer in an effort to improve tissue vascularity, reinforce the pharyngeal suture line, and minimize complications in this difficult patient population. The purpose of this study was to outline our technique and determine the effectiveness of this new approach.
Leukotriene Inhibition Prevents and Reverses Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Newborn Lambs

ABSTRACT: The effects of the leukotriene antagonist FPL 57231 on the circulation were studied in spontaneously breathing normoxic and hypoxic newborn lambs in order to evaluate the role of leukotrienes in the perinatal control of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Hypoxia produced a 58% increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (p < 0.05) and a 37% increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (p < 0.05). Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was abolished by the prior infusion of FPL 57231. Pulmonary arterial pressure increased by only 8% and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased by 10% from normoxia. The infusion of FPL 57231 during hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction reversed the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (p < 0.05) and pulmonary vascular resistance (p < 0.05). The hypoxia-induced increase in cardiac output was maintained during the infusion of FPL 57231. Leukotrienes may play a significant role in the mediation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Leukotriene inhibition with FPL 57231 may be useful in the management of infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension syndrome.
Construction and Characterization of anagr Deletion Mutant of Staphylococcus epidermidis

ABSTRACT The physiological significance of the accessory gene regulator (agr) system of Staphylococcus epidermidis was investigated by construction of an agr deletion mutant via allelic replacement with a spectinomycin resistance cassette. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed that the protein pattern was strongly altered in the mutant; the amounts of most surface proteins were higher, whereas the amounts of most exoproteins were lower. The agrsystem of S. epidermidis thus appears to have an important impact on growth phase-dependent protein synthesis as has been shown for Staphylococcus aureus. The activity of the exoenzymes lipase and protease, assumed to be involved in staphylococcal pathogenicity, was investigated by agar diffusion assays and SDS-PAGE activity staining. A general reduction of these enzyme activities in the agr mutant was found. The difference in overall lipase activity was small, but zymographic analysis suggested a clear defect in lipase processing in the agr mutant.
Influence of glycemic control on fetal lung maturity in gestations affected by diabetes or mild hyperglycemia

Objective. To evaluate the influence of glycemic control on fetal lung maturity in pregnancies affected by diabetes or mild hyperglycemia. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Setting. Level III maternity center. Population. A total of 187 pregnant women were submitted to routine amniocentesis for the assessment of fetal lung maturity up to 72 hours before delivery. Methods. Fetal lung maturity thresholds were: Clements‐positive at a dilution of 0.5; OD650 nm≥0.15; and lamellar body count (LBC) ≥ 32,000/μl. The relation of test results with adequate (≤6.7 mmol/l) or poor (>6.7 mmol/l) glycemic mean (GM) at term and at preterm was evaluated. Main outcome measure. Delay in fetal lung maturity when glycemic control was poor. Results. Glycemic control was adequate in 146 (78.1%) women. Clements maturity rates were higher at term (91.9%) than at preterm (64.7%) when GM ≤ 6.7 mmol/l (p<0.001), but not when control was inadequate. LBC median was higher at term (99.0; 62.0–154.0) than at preterm (66.5; 40.5–108.25) (p = 0.009) when GM ≤ 6.7 mmol/l, while GM > 6.7 mmol/l did not lead to any difference between these rates at term or preterm. When glycemic control was adequate, OD650 nm medians at term and at preterm were similar. However, when GM >6.7 mmol/l, OD650 nm median at term (0.29; 0.22–0.40) was higher than that observed at preterm (0.15; 0.12–0.18) (p<0.001). Conclusions. Our results suggest that in term pregnancies routine amniocentesis for the assessment of fetal lung maturity should be abandoned. In preterm pregnancies, or when glycemic control is inadequate it is recommended.
The prevalence of epilepsy in Denizli city center

Purpose: In this study we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of epilepsy in Denizli, a city of Turkey, and to compare it with both studies from the world and Turkey. Methods: With this purpose 4666 people were included to the study. Primarily they filled a questionnaire form face to face. The ones suggested to have seizure were evaluated by clinicians and EEG was performed. Results: The prevalence of epilepsy was found 5.7 /1000 in Denizli. The beginning of the disease was more frequent in the first two decades. Conclusion: This prevalence value was lesser than the ones using the same questionnaire in Turkey suggesting a higher educational grade and development in Denizli. On the other hand when compared worldwide, the results were similar to the ones observed in the developing countries. Pam Med J 2012;5(3):110-114
Vertebral abnormalities in juvenile inland silversides Menidia beryllina exposed to terbufos during embryogenesis

Embryos of the inland silverside Menidia beryllina were exposed to a nominal concentration of 50 pg terbufos I-' during the first 5 d of embryogenesis. Silversides were maintained in clean dilute seawater until 37 d after hatching. Radiographs revealed compressed and fused vertebrae and dorsal-ventral misalignment of preand post-zygapophyseal processes. Histopathological examination of representative individuals exposed to terbufos during embryogenesis revealed various vertebral lesions ranging from small hyperostoses to almost complete fusion of some vertebrae.
Identi fi es a Novel AXL – PI 3 Kinase – PD-L 1 Signaling Axis Associated with Radiation Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer

Purpose: The primary cause of death due to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is local treatment failure. The goal of this study was to examine this phenomenon using an unbiased approach. Experimental Design: We utilized human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative cell lines rendered radiation-resistant (RR) via repeated exposure to radiation, a panel of HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines and three cohorts of HPV-negative HNSCC tumors (n1⁄4 68, 97, and 114) from patients treated with radiotherapy and subjected to genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis. Results: RR cell lines exhibited upregulation of several proteins comparedwith controls, including increased activation of Axl and PI3 kinase signaling as well as increased expression of PD-L1. Additionally, inhibitionof eitherAxl or PI3kinase led todecreased PD-L1 expression. When clinical samples were subjected to RPPA and mRNA expression analysis, PD-L1 was correlated with both Axl andPI3K signaling aswell as dramatically associatedwith local failure following radiotherapy. This finding was confirmed examininga third cohort using immunohistochemistry. Indeed, tumors with high expression of PD-L1 had failure rates following radiotherapy of 60%, 70%, and 50% compared with 20%, 25%, and 20% in the PD-L1–low expression group (P 1⁄4 0.01, 1.9 10 , and 9 10 , respectively). This finding remained significant on multivariate analysis in all groups. Additionally, patients with PDL1 low/CD8þ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes high had no local failure or death due to disease (P 1⁄4 5 10 4 and P 1⁄4 4 10 , respectively). Conclusions: Taken together, our data point to a targetable Axl–PI3 kinase–PD-L1 axis that is highly associatedwith radiation resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 1–10. 2017 AACR.
Disparities in completion of substance abuse treatment between and within racial and ethnic groups.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate disparities in substance abuse treatment completion between and within racial and ethnic groups in publicly funded treatment in Los Angeles County, California. DATA SOURCE The Los Angeles County Participant Reporting System with multicross-sectional annual data (2006-2009) for adult participants (n = 16,637) who received treatment from publicly funded programs (n = 276) for the first time. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analyses of county discharge and admission data. Hierarchical linear regressions models were used to test the hypotheses. DATA COLLECTION Client data were collected during personal interviews at admission and discharge for most participants. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS African Americans and Latinos reported lower odds of completing treatment compared with Whites. Within-group analysis revealed significant heterogeneity within racial and ethnic groups, highlighting primary drug problem, days of drug use before admission, and homelessness as significant factors affecting treatment completion. Service factors, such as referral by the criminal justice system, enabled completion among Latinos and Whites only. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for reducing health disparities among members of racial and ethnic minorities by identifying individual and service factors associated with treatment adherence, particularly for first-time clients.
Noninvasive monitoring of elevated intramuscular pressure in a model compartment syndrome via quantitative fascial motion

Compartment syndromes, conditions of elevated intramuscular pressure (IMP) resulting from trauma or chronic overuse, frequently require invasive IMP monitoring for accurate diagnosis. Our objective was to test a noninvasive ultrasound technique for estimating IMP based on fascial displacement waveforms from arterial blood pressure pulses. IMP was increased in the legs of 23 healthy adult subjects up to 80 mmHg using two blood pressure cuffs covering the region from the knee to the ankle. Receiver operator characteristic curves and recursive partitioning were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing elevated IMP using fascial displacement. For one curve, in which several ultrasonic measurement parameters were used along with subject body mass index and blood pressure, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing normal IMP (below 30 mmHg) from elevated IMP (30 mmHg and up) was 0.61 and 0.94, respectively. Recursive partitioning, in which IMP was divided into three ranges (normal <30 mmHg, midrange of 30–40 mmHg, and elevated ≥50 mmHg), resulted in improved diagnostic sensitivity (0.77) with almost no change in specificity (0.93). © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 489–494, 2009
A role for interleukin-10 in alcohol-induced liver sensitization to bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

BACKGROUND Proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in alcohol-induced liver injury. The role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the initiation and progression of alcoholic liver disease has received little attention. This study tested the hypothesis that an imbalance exists between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the liver during chronic exposure to alcohol. Alcohol exposure results in predominantly proinflammatory cytokine secretion and liver injury. METHODS IL-10 knock-out and their C57BL/6J counterpart wild-type mice were fed alcohol in drinking water for 7 weeks. At the end of alcohol feeding, Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered, and the animals were killed after 3 and 8 hr. Liver histology, plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-10 levels, and liver cytokine messenger RNA levels were measured. RESULTS Alcohol feeding and LPS treatment did not change plasma enzyme activity levels in wild-type mice. In the IL-10 knock-out mice, LPS alone increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzyme activity, and this was potentiated by alcohol. Alcohol induced liver steatosis in both wild-type and knock-out mice. LPS markedly enhanced the histological effects further, especially in the knock-out mice, with the emergence of focal necrosis, polymorphonuclear infiltration, and microabscesses in the liver. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1beta levels were not affected by alcohol alone. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were increased by LPS and further enhanced by alcohol treatment, particularly in the IL-10 knock-out mice. IL-10 plasma levels in the wild-type animals were down-regulated by alcohol. Changes in liver cytokine messenger RNA paralleled those seen in plasma cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-induced liver sensitization to LPS in wild-type mice may involve down-regulation of IL-10. This anti-inflammatory cytokine, known for its hepatoprotective effects, is secreted simultaneously with proinflammatory cytokines. IL-10 may also limit alcohol-induced liver damage by counteracting the effects of proinflammatory cytokines.