Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Enhancement of Low-Frequency Variability in the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension in CCSM3 owing to Ocean Model Biases

Abstract Enhanced decadal variability in sea surface temperature (SST) centered on the Kuroshio Extension (KE) has been found in the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) as well as in other coupled climate models. This decadal peak has higher energy than is found in nature, almost twice as large in some cases. While previous analyses have concentrated on the mechanisms for such decadal variability in coupled models, an analysis of the causes of excessive SST response to changes in wind stress has been missing. Here, a detailed comparison of the relationships between interannual changes in SST and sea surface height (SSH) as a proxy for geostrophic surface currents in the region in both CCSM3 and observations, and how these relationships depend on the mean ocean circulation, temperature, and salinity, is made. We use observationally based climatological temperature and salinity fields as well as satellite-based SSH and SST fields for comparison. The primary cause for the excessive SST variabili.
Astrospheres and Cosmic Rays

Ionization plays a key role in the formation of stars, planets and planetary atmospheres. Cosmic rays (CR) are the main source of ionization, therefore it is important to estimate fluxes of galactic and stellar cosmic rays (GCR and SCR) for different stages of evolution of stars and planetary systems. Radiation conditions on exoplanets might be important for the origin and development of life. We present a review of the current state of knowledge of astrospheres and their interactions with GCR and SCR. We pay special attention to estimates of radiation conditions near exoplanets recently discovered in a habitable zone of their hosting stars.
Photon emitting, absorption, and reconstruction of photons

Photon cannot keep itself unchanged from emission to absorption. The information encoded on the photon is also changed due to interaction with environment. There has no definitely demonstration that the photon being absorbed is the original one from ideal light source since the quantum mechanics itself is an indeterminate theory that the physical measurement is only the probability. We divide the change of the photon state into two parts that one can be compensated and the other cannot be compensated. A concept of photon reconstruction is introduced to explain every optical phenomena including Raman scattering, multi-photon absorption, nonlinear phenomena, free electron lasing, quantum entanglement, high order coherence, ghost imaging and the de-phase which result in error bits or information loss in the quantum information process. An experimental result is explained to show that the signal photon can modify the background even the energy of the photon is not enough for absorption in the wide-band gap semiconductor material. The photon-current-voltage curve and dark-current-voltage curve of an absorption, grating, and multiplication InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode is analyzed to show that 1550nm input light modified the dark background even the applied reverse bias voltage is far below the punch-through voltage. This increase of the dark count directly relates to the input photons at the 1550nm wavelength but is not due to absorption in the absorption layer and insensitive to the applied voltage.
Accelerated orthodontic treatments with Piezocision : a mini – invasive alternative to alveolar corticotomies

An increasing number of adult patients are seeking orthodontic treatment and a short treatment time has become a recurring request. To meet their expectations, a number of surgical techniques have been developed to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. However, these have been found to be quite invasive. We are introducing here a new, minimally invasive flapless procedure, combining micro incisions, piezoelectric incisions and selective tunneling that allows for hardor soft-tissue grafting. Combined with a proper treatment planning and a good understanding of the biological events involved, this novel technique can locally manipulate alveolar bone metabolism in order to obtain rapid and stable orthodontic results. Piezocision allows for rapid correction of severe malocclusions without the drawbacks of traumatic conventional corticotomy procedures.
Long‐term transpiration change with rainfall decline in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest

In the Mediterranean basin, precipitation is expected to decline as a consequence of climate change. The response of a Quercus ilex forest in southern France to such a decline in water availability was studied using a 4‐year throughfall exclusion experiment. Seasonal courses of sap flow and leaf water potential were obtained from 2004 to 2007 and used to characterize tree water relations in a control and a dry treatment. The experiment reduced the average precipitation input to the soil by 29%, and resulted in a 23% reduction in annual transpiration. Soil water potential was significantly lower in the dry treatment only during summer drought, but transpiration was reduced all year round even during well‐watered periods. Despite a tight stomatal control over transpiration, whole‐tree hydraulic conductance was found to be lower in the trees growing in the driest conditions. This reduction in water transport capacity was observed jointly with a reduction in leaf transpiring area. Canopy leaf area decreased by 18% in the dry treatment as a consequence of the throughfall exclusion, which was found to validate the ecohydrological equilibrium theory.
Progressive Brain Changes in the Early Stage of Schizophrenia: A Combined Structural MRI and DTI Study

Abstract Purpose: The developmental trajectory of brain structure in the early stage of schizophrenia has not been well defined. In this study, structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to explore the brain gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) changes in patients with schizophreniform disorder or early schizophrenia. Methods: Sixteen schizophreniform patients, 19 early schizophrenia patients (duration of illness < 5 years) and 25 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Structural MRI and DTI images were obtained. GM volumes were examined using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and fractional anisotropy (FA) was used to measure WM integrity. Results: Compared with healthy controls, GM volume was smaller in the right hippocampus and larger in the left middle frontal gyrus and right temporal gyrus in schizophreniform patients; there were no significant differences in FA values between the two groups. GM volumes were reduced in the right hippocampus, bilateral parahippocampal gyri, right middle temporal gyrus and precuneus, and left inferior occipital lobe, and increased in the left temporal lobe in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls; furthermore, FA values were reduced in the bilateral cingulate, right insular cortex, precuneus and superior frontal gyrus, and increased in the bilateral fusiform gyri, right superior temporal gyrus, right middle frontal lobe of schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls. Conclusion: Our study suggests that brain GM and WM abnormalities occur in early stage schizophrenia, with the occurrence of GM changes, particularly those in the right hippocampus, likely preceding changes in WM.
MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF INFERIOR ORBITAL FORAMEN

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Supriya Garapati, Associate professor, Department of anatomy, Narayana medical college. Chinthareddy palem , Nellore, Andra Pradhesh 524003, India. E-Mail: garapati.supriya13@gmail.com Introduction: The knowledge of the morphometric study of the infra orbital foramen is very much essential to prevent clinical complications during maxillofacial surgeries and regional block anaesthesia. The aim of the study is to locate the position, size and shape of the infra orbital foramen in adult human skulls of Telangana region of south India. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 dry adult human skulls of unknown age and sex were studied. The distance between infra orbital foramen and inferior orbital margin and from the foramen to the piriform aperture of the nose were measured. The vertical and horizontal diameters were also studied. Variation in shapes of the foramen and the presence of any accessory foramnina were observed. All measurements were taken with a compass transferred to callipers and analysed statistically. Results: The mean distances between the infra orbital foramen and the infra orbital margin on the right and left side were 7.9mm and 8.1mm respectively. The mean distances between the infra orbital foramen and the piriform aperture were 18.3mm and, 17.8mm on right and left sides respectively. The mean vertical dimensions on the right and left side were 3.2mm, and 3.1mm respectively. The mean horizontal dimensions on the two sides were 2.2mm and 2.3mm. Maximum number of foramina was oval in shape. Conclusion: The present study provide detailed knowledge of anatomical characteristics and clinical importance of the infra orbital foramen, which are of paramount importance for surgeons when performing maxillofacial surgery and regional block anaesthesia
Prediction of 100-d and 305-d Milk Yields in a Multibreed Dairy Herd in Thailand Using Monthly Test-Day Records

The ability of eight procedures to predict 100-d and 305-d milk yields using monthly testday records was tested using 28,452 daily yields from 88 cows in a multibreed dairy herd provided by the Sakon Nakhon Agricultural Research and Training Center. The eight procedures were: test interval method, gamma function, mixed log linear, and second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth degree polynomial models. The breed groups represented in the multibreed herd were HF, 1/2HF 1/2RS, and 3/4HF 1/4RS. Prediction of 100-d and 305-d milk yields by the eight procedures were compared with actual 100-d and 305-d milk yields within breed group x lactation number x calving age and breed group x lactation number x calving season subclasses. Least squares means of individual cow differences predicted and actual 100-d and 305-d milk yields were computed for each subclass. Number of significant least square means of differences and ranking of models within and across subclasses for 100-d and 305-d were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the eight procedures. The highest-ranking model for 100-d was model 4 (third degree polynomial) and for 305-d was model 3 (second degree polynomial). However, no procedure was uniformly better across all subclasses. Thus, perhaps several models might be needed for a genetic evaluation of the animals in this multibreed population. If computational simplicity were the primary goal, then perhaps a single model (model 3) might suffice. However, the results of this study apply only to the data set and the multibreed population used here. To obtain results of national relevance, this study needs to be repeated with a larger multibreed population that more accurately represents the Thai multibreed population.
Diferencias de actitud hacia las TIC en la formación profesional en entornos presenciales y virtuales (Plan @vanza)

En Extremadura, existen dos modelos para el desarrollo de la Formacion Profesional, uno presencial y otro virtual denominado Plan @vanza. Nuestro objetivo ha sido contrastar si existen diferencias significativas entre las modalidades y los participantes implicados en dichos modelos de formacion, mediante una investigacion cuantitativa, mediante un analisis descriptivo e inferencial a traves de un cuestionario facilitado al alumnado y profesorado de ciclos de Grado Superior en Extremadura. Los resultados muestran que si se incrementa el uso de las TIC, se potencia su uso en el alumnado y existe mayor disponibilidad TIC por el alumnado de modalidad presencial.
Determinants of entrepreneurial engagement levels in Europe and the US

The process of the entrepreneurial decision is decomposed in seven engagement levels ranging from â€œnever thought about starting a businessâ€ to â€œgave upâ€ , â€œthinking about itâ€ , â€œtaking steps for starting upâ€ , â€œhaving a young businessâ€ , â€œhaving an older businessâ€ and â€œno longer being an entrepreneurâ€ . By using a multinomial logit model we allow the effect of covariates to differ across the various entrepreneurial engagement levels. Data from two Entrepreneurship Flash Eurobarometer surveys (2002 and 2003) con-taining over 20,000 observations of the 15 old EU member states, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein and the US are used. Other than demographic variables, the set of explanatory variables used includes the percep-tion by respondents of administrative complexities, of availability of financial support and of risk tolerance, the respondentsâ€™ preference for self-employment and country specific effects. Among our results we find that the perception of lack of financial support has no discriminative effect across the various levels of en-trepreneurial engagement while perception of administrative complexities plays a negative role only for high levels of engagement.
Health Rating, Obesity and Hypertension Among University Students in Nigeria by Gender and Ethnicity

Background: There is evidence that students rating of health, obesity and hypertension are significantly related to gender, culture and ethnicity. Although, previous studies have suggested the need for regional and interregional comparison of health inequalities, however, literature indicated gaps in knowledge with regard to these variables. AIMs: This study explored health awareness, obesity and hypertension among university students in Nigeria by gender and ethnicity. Method: The study was cross sectional. Full time university students were recruited from six universities within the major three ethnic groups in Nigeria. Data collection was with an anonymous questionnaire. 1549 responses were valid, while 563 responses were rejected for missing data especially gender and ethnicity. The variables examined were, health awareness (general health, keeping eye on your health, seen a general practitioner (GP) recently, regular medication) obesity and hypertension. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted. Results: Irrespective of ethnicity, more females than males saw their GP and had more regular medications. Further examination of the data, suggested that more Hausa students had seen their GP. Hausa females and Igbo males reported regular medications than other groups, while the Yoruba ethnic group saw their GP less frequently. More males were overweight or obese than females. More Yoruba males and Hausa females were overweight or obese. The study also indicated that over 90% of students reported normal blood pressure, and both by gender and ethnicity, there was no significant differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the health status of female students in the sample was poorer than those of male students; with female students from the Hausa ethnic group, demonstrating the worst possible health outcome.
Effect of accel on the vase life and post harvest quality of alstroemeria (alstroemeria aurantiaca l.) cut flowers

Freshly cut flowering stems of Alstroemeria ‘Yellow King’ and ‘Marina’ were placed in glass jars containing solutions of Accel at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/litre BA equivalent and arranged in a completely randomised design with 3 replicates. The effect of Accel on the vase life and quality of Alstroemeria was investigated. Flowers held in Accel at 25 or 50 mg/litre BA equivalent consistently increased the number of days to full opening of primary florets and delayed the onset of flower senescence as measured by days to 50 % petal fall and days to 50 % leaf yellowing. Accel at 25mg/ litre BA equivalent significantly increased the leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content of Alstroemeria cut flowers. High Accel concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 mg/litre BA equivalent reduced significantly the leaf water content of Alstroemeria cut flowers. Accel at 75 and 100 mg/litre BA equivalent increased leaf dry weight of Alstroemeria cut flowers. Our results indicate that Accel at 25 mg/litre BA equivalent has the potential to be used as a commercial cut flower preservative solution for delaying flower senescence, prolonging the vase life and enhancing post harvest quality of Alstroemeria cut flowers
DVOLVER: Efficient Pareto-Optimal Neural Network Architecture Search

Automatic search of neural network architectures is a standing research topic. In addition to the fact that it presents a faster alternative to hand-designed architectures, it can improve their efficiency and for instance generate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) adapted for mobile devices. In this paper, we present a multi-objective neural architecture search method to find a family of CNN models with the best accuracy and computational resources tradeoffs, in a search space inspired by the state-of-the-art findings in neural search. Our work, called Dvolver, evolves a population of architectures and iteratively improves an approximation of the optimal Pareto front. Applying Dvolver on the model accuracy and on the number of floating points operations as objective functions, we are able to find, in only 2.5 days, a set of competitive mobile models on ImageNet. Amongst these models one architecture has the same Top-1 accuracy on ImageNet as NASNet-A mobile with 8% less floating point operations and another one has a Top-1 accuracy of 75.28% on ImageNet exceeding by 0.28% the best MobileNetV2 model for the same computational resources.
Social networks and the resilience of rural communities in the Global South: a critical review and conceptual reflections

In the last decades, a growing scholarship has outlined the crucial role of social networks as a source of resilience. However, with regard to the Global South, the role of social networks for the resilience of rural communities remains an underresearched and underconceptualized issue, because research remains scattered between different strands and has rarely been integrated from a resilience perspective. To provide common ground for the exchange between disciplines and to identify steps towards a more comprehensive social network perspective on the resilience of rural communities in the Global South, we present a systematic review of contemporary case studies from three strands of research: (i) natural resource management, (ii) agricultural innovation, and (iii) social support. Although studies in each strand have their own particular strengths and weaknesses in addressing aspects of the resilience of rural communities in the Global South, they all share a static view of the outcomes of social networks, tend to emphasize structure over agency, and neglect spatial dimensions of social relations. To address these challenges, we propose a translocal social network perspective on resilience that views rural communities as being embedded in social networks that connect people and facilitate the flow of resources, information, and knowledge between places.
Facilitating Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on EEG-Based Motor Imagery BCI for Stroke Rehabilitation

This clinical trial investigates the facilitating effects of combining tDCS with EEG-based motor imagery Brain-Computer Interface (MI-BCI) robotic feedback compared to sham-tDCS for upper limb stroke rehabilitation. 32 hemiparetic stroke patients were recruited and screened for their ability to use EEG-based MI-BCI. Subsequently, 17 of these patients who passed screening and gave further consent were randomized to receive 20 minutes of tDCS or sham-tDCS prior to 10 sessions of 1-hour MI-BCI with robotic feedback for 2 weeks. The offline and online accuracies of detecting motor imagery from idle condition for the calibration session and the evaluation part of the 10 rehabiltiation sessions were respectively assessed. The results showed that there were no significant difference in the accuracies of the calibration session from both groups, but the online accuracies of the evaluation part of 10 rehabilitation sessions of the tDCS group were significantly higher than the sham-tDCS group. Hence the results suggest towards tDCS effect in modulating motor imagery in stroke.
Local and regional assessments of the impacts of plant invaders on vegetation structure and soil properties of Mediterranean islands

Aims Although biological invasions occur throughout the world, and some invaders are widespread in many habitats, few studies on the ecological impact of invaders have examined multiple sites. We tested how the impact of three widespread plant invaders changed depending on the identity of the species and the invaded island. We also tested whether relative species loss was lower in species‐rich communities than in species‐poor ones.
The structure of substitution minimal sets

Substitutions of constant length on two symbols and their corresponding minimal dynamical systems are divided into three classes: finite, discrete and continuous. Finite substitutions give rise to uninteresting systems. Discrete substitutions yield strictly ergodic systems with discrete spectra, whose topological structure is determined precisely. Continuous substitutions yield strictly ergodic systems with partly continuous and partly discrete spectra, whose topological structure is studied by means of an associated discrete substitution. Topological and measure-theoretic isomorphisms are studied for discrete and continuous substitutions, and a complete topological invariant, the normal form of a substitution, is given. 0. Introduction. Let 0 denote a substitution of constant length n on the symbols 0 and 1. Our main objective is the classification of the dynamical systems (0,, r) arising from such substitutions. A substitution 0 is either finite, discrete, or continuous as defined in ? 3. Finite substitutions give rise to dynamical systems all of whose minimal sets are periodic orbits. Discrete and continuous substitutions both give rise to strictly ergodic dynamical systems with discrete and partially continuous spectra respectively. More specifically, if 0 is discrete, then V. is the orbit-closure of a Toeplitz bisequence, and if 0 is continuous, then (C is the orbit-closure of an extended generalized Morse sequence. Dynamical systems belonging to discrete substitutions are measure-theoretically isomorphic if and only if the lengths of the substitutions have the same prime factors. If 0 is discrete, we are able to give an explicit construction of (0,, r) as an almost one-to-one extension of the n-adic system (Z(n), r). We associate with 0 an object called a group system which is a complete invariant for topological isomorphism of (0,, r). The concept of normal form for a discrete substitution is defined and it is shown that discrete substitutions of the same length possess topologically isomorphic dynamical systems if and only if they have the same normal form. To each continuous substitution 0 we associate a discrete substitution 0 of the same length such that (0, r) is a distal extension of (06, r). Each fibre consists of two points which are mirror images of each other. A normal form for continuous Received by the editors May 22, 1970. AMS 1970 subject classifications. Primary 28A65, 54H20.