Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of volatile organic compounds from Streptomyces albulus NJZJSA2 on growth of two fungal pathogens

A Streptomyces albulus strain NJZJSA2 was isolated from the forest soil sample of Tzu‐chin Mountain (Nanjing China) and identified based on its morphological and physiological properties and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The strain S. albulus NJZJSA2 was evaluated for the production of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) against two fungal pathogens. Results showed that the VOCs generated by S. albulus NJZJSA2 inhibited mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SS) and Fusarium oxysporum (FO) by 100 and 56.3%, respectively. The germination of SS sclerotia and FO conidia was completely inhibited in the presence of VOCs produced by S. albulus NJZJSA2 in vitro. In soil, the VOCs delayed the germination of SS sclerotia and inhibited the germination of FO conidia for 45 days. The strain S. albulus NJZJSA2 was able to produce 13 VOCs based on GC/MS analyses. Among those, six compounds were purchased and used for the antifungal activity assay. Three relatively abundant VOCs, 4‐methoxystyrene, 2‐pentylfuran, and anisole were proved to have antifungal activity. Microscopy analysis showed that the pathogen hyphae were shriveled and damaged after treatment with 4‐methoxystyrene. These results suggest that the S. albulus strain NJZJSA2 produce VOCs that not only reduce the growth of SS and FO, but also significantly inhibit the SS sclerotia and FO conidia. The results are useful for the better understanding of biocontrol mechanisms by S. albulus strains and will help to improve the biological control efficiency of lethal plant diseases.
Down Payment and Mortgage Rates: Evidence from Equity Loans

We present new evidence that lenders use down payment size to price unobservable borrower risk. We exploit the contractual features of a UK scheme that helps home buyers top up their down payments with equity loans. We find that a 20 percentage point smaller down payment is associated with a 22 basis point higher interest rate at origination, and a higher ex-post default rate. Lenders see down payment as a signal for unobservable risk, but the relative importance of this signal is limited, as it accounts for only 10% of the difference in mortgage rates between loans with 75% and 95% loan to value ratio.
Sticking around Too Long? Dynamics of the Benefits of Dual-Class Voting

Using a new dataset of corporate voting-rights from 1971 to 2015, we find that young dual-class firms trade at a premium and operate at least as efficiently as young single-class firms. As dual-class firms mature, their valuation declines, and they become less efficient in their margins, innovation, and labor productivity compared to their single-class counterparts. Voting premiums increase with firm age, suggesting that private benefits increase over maturity. Most sunset provisions that dual-class firms adopt are ineffective. Our findings suggest that effective, time-consistent sunset provisions would be based on age or on inferior shareholders’ periodic right to eliminate dual-class voting.
Eimeria Species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Infecting Eliomys quercinus in an Alpine Habitat

Coccidian parasites were detected in an Alpine population of the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus), and 55–82% of the fecal samples collected during a two-year study (2000 and 2002) contained one or two eimerian species. We report the presence of Eimeria myoxi and confirm for the first time the presence of Eimeria melanuri in the garden dormouse. These Eimeria species can be considered common parasites of the garden dormouse and the Asian garden dormouse. The high prevalence might be due to group hibernation by the dormice.
Nerve Growth Factor as a Signaling Molecule for Nerve Cells and also for the Neuroendocrine-Immune Systems

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a signaling molecule, originally discovered for its role on differentiation and survival of peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons. It has also been associated with functional activities of cells of the immune and endocrine systems. NGF biological activity is mediated by two classes of receptors: (i) p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)), a 75 kDa glycoprotein, belonging to a superfamily of cytokine receptors including TNF receptors, and (ii) TrkA, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase of 140 kDa. Both TrkA and p75(NTR) are known to play a marked action in neurodegenerative disorders, immune-related deficits, and neuroendocrine (including adipoendocrine) mechanisms. This review focuses on these cellular events and presents a working model which attempts to explain the close interrelationships of the neuro-endocrine-immune triad via a modulatory action of NGF.
Natural and synthetic DNA elements with the CArG motif differ in expression and protein-binding properties

DNA elements with the CC(A/T)6GG, or CArG, motif occur in promoters that are under different regulatory controls. CArG elements from the skeletal actin, c-fos, and myogenin genes were tested for their abilities to confer tissue-specific expression on reporter genes when the individual elements were situated immediately upstream from a TATA element. The c-fos CArG element, also referred to as the serum response element (SRE), conferred basal, constitutive expression on the test promoter. The CArG motif from the myogenin gene was inactive. The skeletal actin CArG motif functioned as a muscle regulatory element (MRE) in that basal expression was detected only in muscle cultures. Muscle-specific expression from the 28-bp MRE and the 2.3-kb skeletal actin promoter was trans repressed by the Fos and Jun proteins. The expression and factor-binding properties of a series of synthetic CArG elements were analyzed. Muscle-specific expression was conferred by perfect 28-bp palindromes on the left and right halves of the skeletal actin MRE. Chimeric elements of the skeletal actin MRE and the c-fos SRE differed in their expression properties. Muscle-specific expression was observed when the left half of the MRE was fused to the right half of the SRE. Constitutive expression was conferred by a chimera with the right half of the MRE fused to the left half of the SRE and by chimeras which exchanged the central CC(A/T)6GG sequences. At least three distinct proteins specifically bound to these CArG elements. The natural and synthetic CArG elements differed in their affinities for these proteins; however, muscle-specific expression could not be attributed to differences in the binding of a single protein. Furthermore, the MRE did not bind MyoD or the myogenin-E12 heterodimer, indicating that muscle-specific expression from this element does not involve a direct interaction with these helix-loop-helix proteins. These data demonstrate that the conserved CArG motifs form the core of a family of functionally different DNA regulatory elements that may contribute to the tissue-specific expression properties of their cognate promoters.
The PIK3CA gene is mutated with high frequency in human breast cancers

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are known regulators of cellular growth and proliferation. It has recently been reported that somatic mutations within the PI3K subunit p110? (PIK3CA) are present in human colorectal and other cancers. Here we show that thirteen of fifty-three breast cancers (25%) contain somatic mutations in PIK3CA, with the majority of mutations located in the kinase domain. These results demonstrate that PIK3CA is the most mutated oncogene in breast cancer and support a role for PIK3CA in epithelial carcinogenesis.
Is the Saitohin gene involved in neurodegenerative diseases?

Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism that results in an amino acid change (Q7R) was identified in a previously undescribed gene, named saitohin, nested within the tau gene. We analyzed the distribution of this polymorphism in 499 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 91 patients with frontotemporal dementia, and 402 controls. This polymorphism was in complete disequilibrium with the well‐defined extended tau haplotype. We failed to replicate the association between the RR genotype and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease, but we found a trend toward an association between the QQ genotype and frontotemporal dementia. Thus, the saitohin Q allele, which is a novel determinant of the tau H1 haplotypes, might represent a causative factor involved in the determinism of several tauopathies.
Institution-Specific Victimization Surveys

This review brings together both the legal literature and original empirical research regarding the advisability of amending the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act or creating new Department of Education regulations to mandate that all higher education institutions survey their students approximately every 5 years about students’ experiences with sexual violence. Legal research conducted regarding the three relevant federal legal regimes show inconsistent incentives for schools to encourage victim reporting and proactively address sexual violence on campus. Moreover, the original research carried out for this article shows that the experience of institutions that have voluntarily conducted such surveys suggests many benefits not only for students, prospective students, parents, and the general public but also for schools themselves. These experiences confirm the practical viability of a mandated survey by the Department of Education.
Efficacy and safety of clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/tretinoin 0.025% formulation for the treatment of acne vulgaris: pooled analysis of data from three randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, phase III studies

BackgroundThe efficacy and safety of clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/tretinoin 0.025% (Clin-RA) were evaluated in three 12-week randomised studies.ObjectivesTo perform a pooled analysis of data from these studies to evaluate Clin-RA’s efficacy and safety in a larger overall population, in subgroups of adolescents and according to acne severity.Materials & Methods4550 patients were randomised to Clin-RA, clindamycin, tretinoin and vehicle. Evaluations included percentage change in lesions, treatment success rate, proportions of patients with ≥50% or ≥80% continuous reduction in lesions, adverse events and cutaneous tolerability.ResultsIn the overall population, the percentage reduction in inflammatory, non-inflammatory and total lesions and the treatment success rate were significantly greater with Clin-RA compared with clindamycin, tretinoin and vehicle alone (all p<0.01). The percentage reduction in all types of lesions was also significantly greater with Clin-RA in the adolescent subgroup (2915 patients, p<0.002) and in patients with mild/moderate acne (3662 patients, p<0.02) versus comparators. In patients with severe acne (n = 880), the percentage reduction in all lesion types was significantly greater with Clin-RA versus vehicle (p<0.0001). A greater proportion of Clin-RA treated patients had a ≥50% or ≥80% continuous reduction in all types of lesions at week 12 compared with clindamycin, tretinoin and vehicle. Adverse event frequencies in the active and vehicle groups were similar. Baseline-adjusted mean tolerability scores over time were <1 (mild) and similar in all groups.ConclusionClin-RA is safe, has superior efficacy to its component monotherapies and should be considered as one of the first-line therapies for mild-to-moderate facial acne.
Power Amplifier Design Strategy to null IMD asymmetry

In this contribution the minimisation of the asymmetry between lower and upper sideband intermodulation products is discussed, using a Volterra series approach. From the inferred relationships new conditions to minimise IMD asymmetry are obtained and verified through the design of a C-band 2nd harmonic tuned hybrid power amplifier using a GaN PHEMT device. The proposed approach, without linearization schemes, achieves the minimisation of AM-PM conversion and asymmetry up to 400 MHz tone spacing, with a minimum 32.5 dBm output power and over 60 % drain efficiency @ 5.5 GHz
Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Elektronik (E-Service Quality) Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Shopee di Bandung

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari setiap dimensi kualitas layanan elektronik (e-service quality) yaitu efficiency, system availiability, fulfilment, privacy, responsiveness, compensation, dan contact terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Shopee di Bandung. Sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 400 responden yang merupakan pelanggan Shopee di Bandung. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan dimensi e-service quality yaitu efficiency, system availiability, fulfilment, privacy, dan responsiveness memiliki pengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, sedangkan compensation dan contact tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Dimensi privacy memiliki pengaruh paling tinggi terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Shopee di Bandung. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini adalah privacy memiliki pengaruh tertinggi tetapi belum mendapatkan penilaian tertinggi dari responden.
Resistance to Integrate Information 3 Systems in Healthcare Service: A Study 4 on Developing Country

6 Abstract Information systems are vital for meeting the service expectations of 7 customers and stakeholders. However, integration of information systems in health 8 service is inhibited due to numerous resistance factors which need to be addressed 9 in order to ensure a quality healthcare service. Despite its signi ﬁ cance, there is a 10 paucity of research in addressing the resistance to information technology adoption 11 in the healthcare industry. This relates to two domains: (i) factors contributing to 12 resistance to health information systems (HIS) in developing country contexts and 13 (ii) strategies to mitigate the resistances. This chapter sets out to develop a 14 methodology to address the aforementioned gaps in the literature using an ana-15 lytical hierarchy process (AHP) integrated quality function deployment 16 (QFD) approach. The developed methodology will be used in a healthcare service 17 providing organization in Bangladesh to identify the factors contributing to resis-18 tance to health information systems (HIS) and to determine the most signi ﬁ cant 19 strategies to mitigate those resistance factors. This research has signi ﬁ cant theo-20 retical, methodological and managerial implications. 21
Artificial intelligence techniques point out differences in classification performance between light and standard bovine carcasses

The validity of the official SEUROP bovine carcass classification to grade light carcasses by means of three well reputed Artificial Intelligence algorithms has been tested to assess possible differences in the behavior of the classifiers in affecting the repeatability of grading. We used two training sets consisting of 65 and 162 examples respectively of light and standard carcass classifications, including up to 28 different attributes describing carcass conformation. We found that the behavior of the classifiers is different when they are dealing with a light or a standard carcass. Classifiers follow SEUROP rules more rigorously when they grade standard carcasses using attributes characterizing carcass profiles and muscular development. However, when they grade light carcasses, they include attributes characterizing body size or skeletal development. A reconsideration of the SEUROP classification system for light carcasses may be recommended to clarify and standardize this specific beef market in the European Union. In addition, since conformation of light and standard carcasses can be considered different traits, this could affect sire evaluation programs to improve carcass conformation scores from data from markets presenting a great variety of ages and weights of slaughtered animals. # 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Quality of official information about real estate in Iceland

ii Samantekt . iii Gæði opinberra upplýsinga um fasteignir á Íslandi. iii Acknowledgements . iv List of figures . vii List of tables . viii List of abbreviations . ix
The Advantages and Challenges of ICT Integration in EFL Classrooms

: The existence of ICT serves to provide positive impacts in people’s daily activities including in educational context. In teaching, for example, teachers may integrate ICT to enhance their performance. However, they may encounter some challenges. The present study was aimed at identifying the advantages and challenges of ICT integration in EFL classrooms. A qualitative descriptive study using a semi-structured interview was employed to gain data. The findings revealed that ICT integration serves to meet students’ needs and language level, improve teachers’ creativity, provide faster access to teaching materials, encourage interactive work, create positive attitude of the students toward their learning, and support them in learning-teaching process. However, they need to consider some challenges such as time management, technical supports, technical knowledge, and teachers’ self-confidence. Future studies are suggested to employ a survey and classroom observation to see the actual implementation of the use of ICTs in EFL classrooms, and a questionnaire to students to see how they reflect on the ICT integration.
Personality structure and measurement: the contributions of Raymond Cattell.

Raymond Cattell’s influence on the field of personality is hard to overstate. With over 8,900 citations to his lifetime work, and an ‘h rating’ of 40, his contributions continue to be well recognized. His productivity was amazing. In the 18 years before he wrote the target article (Cattell, 1946b), he had already published at least 62 articles or books, with at least another 414 to go. Of his articles in the British Journal of Psychology (BJP), two in 1946 had the same goal: outlining a broad program of research into the structure and measurement of personality (Cattell, 1946c, 1946b). In that same year, he elaborated on these ideas in yet one more of what would become his 55 books (Cattell, 1946a). To understand the target article, it is important to understand both of his articles in BJP that year as well as the context of his research.
Mental health issues of Maria I of Portugal and her sisters: the contributions of the Willis family to the development of psychiatry

Contemporary accounts credit Dr Francis Willis (1718–1807) with facilitating the recovery of King George III from his major episode of acute mania in 1788–9. Subsequently Willis was summoned to Lisbon to advise on the mental health problems of Queen Maria I. This article reports the nature of the illnesses of Maria and her two similarly affected sisters, and uses the program OPCRIT to propose diagnoses of major depressive disorders. The high prevalence of consanguinity and insanity among the Portuguese monarchy and their antecedents probably contributed to their mental health problems. The successive contributions of the Willis family from Thomas Willis (1621–75) to his grand-nephew, Francis Willis (1792–1859), are reviewed; the popular image is somewhat inaccurate and does not highlight their part in the development of psychiatry.
Whatever Happened to the Paragraph?

For the last several years, composition scholarship has unfortunately neglected the paragraph. Theories about it, however, have a rich history. Eventually, it involved conflicts between prescriptivists and descriptivists, as well as between members of the latter group and the branch of descriptivism called functionalism. Composition researchers should study the paragraph once again, this time forging connections with similar work in other disciplines.
Epitope specificity and protein signaling interactions driving epidemic occurrences of Ebola disease

Ebolavirus has as main hosts, humans and nonhuman primates where its pathogenic effects result to serious hemorrhagic fever with lethal effects. Despite the great advancement in deciphering the clinical course of the virus, specific mechanisms favoring Ebolavirus pathogenicity and transmission, and which genomic structures are most antigenic, are still to be clearly delineated. This study used functional protein phylogenetic analysis, pathway designs and antigenic epitope predictions to respectively; identify viral genomic regions closely related to host proteins, predict protein/genetic interactions favoring viral pathogenesis and identify frequency of MHC class I & II immune related host peptide variants whose transmission intensity value favors disease epidemicity. Viral glycoprotein (VGP) presented the highest genetic variation and though captured on the network with matrix protein (MXP), no direct interaction was observed. The majority of host interacting proteins presented with kinase functions, particularly a protein-signaling role observed in LCK, a Tyrosine-protein kinase with the most dominant interactions and viral related functions implicated in disease shock events. Four VGP and three MXP main antigenic epitopes identified, differentially showed high frequency to two MHC class I types. The same pattern was observed for VGP and MXP antigenic epitopes predicted to MHC class II allele variants, favoring high transmission intensity values within the host population, suggesting their involvement in Ebola epidemic upsurges. Related Ebola species with high transmission values were dominantly non-Zaire Ebolaviruses whose antigenic regions showed several repeats, implicating them in viral antigenic variations. Our analysis show that VGP and MXP are both critical for viral entry and pathogenicity in the host and with their species specific occurrence, their combined role in drug/vaccine design is critical. The identification of several antigenic epitopes in this study will be used in combination for drug/vaccine design and for better understanding related molecular targets in pathogenic pathways favoring Ebola disease burden.
The Internationalization Behavior of SMEs from a Purchase Perspective

The aim of present study was to analyze the internationalization behavior of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) regarding purchases using four questions: why, what, when and where. Structured interviews were conducted at SMEs located in the city of Curitiba and Metropolitan Region, Brazil, which dealt with the machinery and equipment sector. Regarding the reasons for internationalization (why), the main results showed agreement with motivators associated with cheaper products, advanced technology, higher quality and exclusivity, as well as an expectation of increasing organizational competitiveness. Internationalization items (what) sought out by SMEs were mostly items considered strategic. Regarding internationalization period (when), younger companies tended to start their internationalization process earlier. However, both the age of the company and the year of international entry did not directly explain or influence international expansion. Finally, place of internationalization (where) showed that a variety of countries have been involved with SMEs since their creation. However, the age of the company and the age of international entry could not directly explain or influence international geographic speed (entry into new countries).