Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Student Performance In Elementary Schools

This paper studies the association between children’s cognitive and non - cognitive development with socioeconomic factors, and school characteristics in Catalonia. The focus of the analysis is on the relevance of the quarter of birth and the school entrance age. The data, collected in 2005, covers children attending 2nd, 4th and 6th grade in a random sample of 191 schools. We find that children born late in the year, close to the December 31st cutoff date, display lower academic performance than those born in the first two quarters, but no difference in social behavior appears by quarter of birth. The matu rity gap does not seem to disappear as children advance into later grades. Children who attended nursery school generally do better than those who started school either at preschool (around 3 years old) or later. This relationship weakens when origin and family education controls are included in the analysis. Among other demographic characteristics, children raised in non-nuclear families, with ow educated parents, with little exposure to after school activities or born outside Spain tend to underperform others at school.
REGIONAL BUDGET ANOMALY IN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT IN INDONESIA

The demand of the budget effectiveness and efficiency has increased as many local regions do not optimally and effectively manage their budget. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of the regional budget deficits. Multiple regression analysis tools with Common Effect Model Method using panel data from 33 provinces were used. The results showed that the budget deficit in the provincial government administration in Indonesia is determined by the expenditure of goods and services as well as the financing surplus (SILPA). Key words: budget deficit, financing surplus, goods and services expenditure, inflation, economic
Biochemical and physiological mechanisms leading to salt tolerance

We showed that malic enzyme and F-type ATPase isolated from glycophytes and halophytes do not differ significantly in their amino acid composition. Isolated enzymes from both types of plants showed nearly identical salt sensitivity, each, but enzyme activities in fresh homogenates from halophyte leaves apparently were more salt resistant as compared to the ones from glycophytes. These results suggest that some cytosolic compounds other than the tested enzymes bring about salt tolerance. We observed distinct differences in photosynthate export out of the chloroplasts when comparing salt stress response of glycophytes and halophytes. In contrast to glycophytes metabolite leakage out of the chloroplasts or internal metabolite pool size are more strictly regulated in halophytes. Pronounced differences were observed, when measuring P-type ATPase activities at the plasmalemma. Apparently, most of the difference between salt tolerant plants (halophytes) and glycophytes is due to a faster and (Less)
TEST RESULTS OF FERMILAB-BUILT QUADRUPOLES FOR THE LHC INTERACTION REGIONS *

As part of the US LHC Accelerator Project, Fermilab is nearing the completion of the Q2 optical elements for the LHC interaction region final focus. Each Q2 element (LQXB) consists of two identical high gradient quadrupoles (MQXB) with a dipole orbit corrector (MCBX). This paper summarizes the test results for the LQXB/MQXB program including quench performance, magnetic measurements and alignment, and gives the status of production and delivery of the LQXB magnets to the LHC.
Liquidity level in mutual fund industry. Liquidity style and performance in the UK market.

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Human Capital Disclosure in the MD&A Statement: An Analysis on Italian Public Utilities

Over the last years, the relevance of human capital disclosure has been widely recognized by academics, regulators and professional standards setters. In 2003, the EU issued Directive 2003/51/EC, which required companies to provide in their management discussion and analysis statement information relating to human capital. In Italy, the Accounts Modernisation Directive was implemented through Legislative Decree 32/2007, which became effective for reports for the financial years beginning on or after April 12th, 2007. In March 2009, the Italian professional standards setter issued a more explicit guidance on the type of human capital information a firm could discuss in its management discussion and analysis. This study examines the disclosure on human capital provided by a sample of Italian listed public utilities in their management discussion and analysis in 2008 and 2009. The aim of the study is to determine the amount and the content of human capital disclosure released by Italian listed public utilities after the issuing of the new rule. This is an explorative study conducted through a qualitative approach and the use of multiple case study methodology. The sample is composed of 7 Italian public utilities selected using a random procedure. To collect data on human capital disclosure it has been used content analysis, that is the research method most utilized in intellectual capital disclosure studies. The items of human capital information have been identified using the new legal requirements and the guidance issued by the Italian professional standards setter. The results are consistent with prior studies on intellectual capital disclosure showing that the amount of human capital information provided is very small. However, the findings show a slight improvement in the amount of human capital disclosures released during the years. With respect to the content, companies mainly released information on the number of employees, the investments in human capital and the description of the program of training. This paper contributes to the intellectual capital literature in two ways: first, it shows the human capital disclosure practices of Italian public utilities after the issuing of a new rule, rather than analyze the information voluntarily provided, and compares these findings with previous studies; moreover, it identifies the items of human capital information on the basis of the new requirements, rather than use the models developed in the intellectual capital literature, suggesting a framework that could be used in future researches conducted on companies listed in other European Union member states.
A Quasicontinuum Method for Deformations of Carbon Nanotubes

We present a coarse-graining computation for deformations of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) via QC (quasicontinuum), particularly targeting analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Higher order triangular elements are utilized for proper interpolation of atom po- sitions of the CNT on the basis of QC approach. The computing scheme enables one to differentiate between the fully atomistic zone and the coarse-grained zone in the framework of the multiscale computing. Several nu- merical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and ac- curacy of the present methodology.
Student as Producer： Using Research-Engaged Teaching to Enhance the Learning Experience of Biomechanics Students

With the changing landscape of the higher education system in the United Kingdom, ways in which programme teams respond to develop the curriculum, meeting the shifting demands of the student, has becomes a challenge for all those involved in teaching. Higher education should capture the interest of students and inspire them to learn, by relating the content to novel research as well as to the students’ life. Lecturers should expose students to different teaching methods optimising both their understanding and their ability to apply this knowledge to different scenarios. Consequently, lecturers need to continuingly develop new ways of teaching, aiding and inspiring learning to take place. Students should have the capacity to process, apply, and critique the information given to them and then create meaning as to validity, reliability, and general usefulness of the information provided. Students should not however simply be a passive receiver of evidence but have the intellectual and practical skills to generate and create meaning from different sources of data. They should then be able to communicate these findings to different audiences through the use of different media. This helps develop intrinsic motivation and can demonstrate that deep learning has occurred. The Student as Producer (SAP) model of learning develops students through collaborative work and relates well to this philosophy. This case student demonstrates how this model of learning has been applied to enhance the learning experience of students on a Sport and Exercise Science undergraduate degree at Aberystwyth University. The aim was to develop the depth of student understanding whilst also improving the students’ ability to apply the knowledge to “real world” situations; development of important work-related skills and experience was also targeted.
Numerical Calculation of the Functional renormalization group fixed-point functions at the depinning transition

Universality is often more difficult to characterize in random systems than in their pure counterparts. Sampleto-sample fluctuations complicate the analysis and the nature of the critical theory may be different. One prominent example is the zero-temperature (T = 0) depinning transition from a pinned to a moving state, which occurs when an interface is pulled through a random medium by an external force f beyond a threshold fc. Its understanding is important for magnets [1], ferroelectrics [2], super-conductors [3, 4], density waves [5], wetting [6], dislocation [7] and crack propagation [8], and earthquake dynamics [9]. At the transition the interface displacement u(x) is expected to scale as u(x) − u(0) ∼ x ζ ,
Comparison of Dependence and Punitive Forms of Power

This research examines the impact of the power relationship on tactical action (i.e., damage and concession tactics) in conflict. It tests a theory of bilateral deterrence and determines whether theoretical principles designed for punitive power extend to power dependence. The theoretical principles are that unequal power will produce more use of power (i.e., damage tactics) than equal pozwer, and also that the total amount of power across actors in a relationship will be negatively related to power use. These hypotheses are tested in a laboratory setting that separates dependence from punitive pozer, enables actors to make offers and counteroffers across a series of rounds (i.e., engage in explicit negotiation), and contains the option to engage in damaging and threatening action. The results support the theory of bilateral deterrence with regard to punitive power, offer partial support to extension of the theory to power dependence, and demonstrate that the distinction between punitive and dependence forms of pozwer is important. This paper deals with the impact of power on tactical action in conflict. The theory and research is organized around two conceptual distinctions: one between power based on dependence versus punitive capability, and the other between relative power (i.e., power difference) and "total power" in a relationship (i.e., across actors). The paper will argue that these distinctions are important on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Theoretically, they are important to explicate the connection between conceptions of power that stress the coercive foundation of power (Bierstedt 1950; Tedeschi, Schlenker & Bonoma 1973) and those that treat power as dependence (Bacharach & Lawler 1981; Cook & Emerson 1984; Cook et al. 1981; *This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, and the order of authorship does not reflect differential contributions to this paper. This paper was presented at the 1986 meetings of the Midwest Sociological Society. Address correspondence to Edward J. Lawler, Sociology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. 1987 The University of North Carolina Press
Cementitious materials with mineral additions: impact on the self-healing kinetics and the products formation

Ground granulated blast-furnace slags (GGBFS), as a hydraulic binder, are widely used for many years in engineering concretes. The French standards allow substituting 50% of Portland cement by GGBFS. This approach leads to a decrease in the CO2 emissions produced during clinkerisation process. Portland cement substitution by GGBFS can also improve the workability, decreases the hydration heat and increases the long-term compressive strength. GGBFS can also significantly improve the resistance to sulfate attack. Concrete structures made with GGBFS cement can be cracked at early age due to restrained shrinkage. This cracking can reduce mechanical and transport properties, leading to an increased risk of aggressive agents’ penetration. Self-healing of cracks, already observed on building sites, could partially overcome these durability issues. To understand the effect of GGBFS on self-healing kinetics and the type of self-healing products, five hydraulic binders were studied: two Portland cement (French and Canadian), two GGBFS (French and Canadian) mixed with Portland cement (named GGBFS formulation hereafter) and a French blended cement (62% of slag) named CEMIII/A. Each material was characterized by XRF, XRD, PZD test, fineness Blaine test and TGA. At 7 and 28 days, French and Canadian mortar specimens were cracked respectively to obtain three crack sizes: 50, 100 and 150 µm. The cracked specimens were then stored at 23 °C and 100% R.H for up to 6 months. The evolution of self-healing is followed by X-ray tomography or air-flow measurements. SEM with EDS were performed on the sawed samples to identify and analyze self-healing products. Results show that two main products are formed: (1) calcite by the carbonation of portlandite in the matrix, and (2) supplementary reaction products (mainly C-S-H with various C/S ratios), formed by the reaction of anhydrous particles. Both GGBFS formulations show a good self-healing potential but the kinetics of the phenomenon are slightly different. Mortar made with French GGBFS presents the best self-healing potential compared to the four others formulations. Mortar with Canadian GGBFS presents a similar behavior as Canadian Portland cement. These results can be explained by the material characteristics but also by their hydration kinetics. A hydration model is currently developed in order to investigate more deeply these observations.
Poverty and political conflict in Mombasa

This paper describes how complex political struggles in Mombasa underlie the inadequate provision for basic infrastructure and services, and the corruption and lack of accountability within government. These struggles are underpinned by overlapping responsibilities and rivalry between central and local government, and a political system (both national and local) which plays on ethnic and tribal loyalties as a basis for support and reward. The paper also describes how and why the city has failed to fully realize its economic potential, has extensive poverty and experiences major inadequacies in provision for water, sanitation, garbage collection, health care, education and housing. Drawing on the findings of a recent participatory poverty assessment, the paper outlines the coping strategies of poor and very poor households and suggests measures which would help ensure that their needs receive more attention.
Experimental results of guided wave travel time tomography

Corrosion is one of the industries major issues regarding the integrity of assets. Currently inspections are conducted at regular intervals to ensure a sufficient integrity level of these assets. Both economical and social requirements are pushing the industry to even higher levels of availability, reliability and safety of installations. The concept of predictive maintenance using permanent sensors that monitor the integrity of an installation is an interesting addition to the current method of periodic inspections reducing uncertainty and extending inspection intervals. Guided wave travel time tomography is a promising method to monitor the wall thickness quantitatively over large areas. Obviously the robustness and reliability of such a monitoring system is of paramount importance. Laboratory experiments have been carried out on a 10″ pipe with a nominal wall thickness of 8 mm. Multiple, inline defects have been created with a realistic morphology. The depth of the defects was increased stepwise from 0.5 mm to 2 mm. Additionally the influences of the presence of liquid inside the pipe and surface roughness have been evaluated as well. Experimental results show that this method is capable of providing quantitative wall thickness information over a distance of 4 meter, with a sufficient accuracy such that results can be used for trending. The method has no problems imaging multiple defects.
Physical and functional coupling of CFTR and PDE3A

Formation of multiple-protein macromolecular complexes at specialized subcellular microdomains increases the specificity and efficiency of signaling in cells. In this study, we demonstrated that phosphodiesterase type 3A (PDE3A) is physically and functionally coupled to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). PDE3A inhibition increases cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) levels in a compartmentalized manner at the plasma membrane, which potentiates CFTR channel function and further clusters PDE3A and CFTR into microdomains. Actin skeleton disruption reduces PDE3A-CFTR interaction and segregates PDE3A from its interacting partners, thus compromising the integrity of the macromolecular complex. Consequently, PDE3A inhibition no longer activates CFTR channel function in a compartmentalized manner. Physiologically, formation of the CFTR-PDE3A-containing macromolecular complexes was investigated using pig trachea submucosal gland secretion model. PDE3A inhibition augments CFTR-dependent submucosal gland secretion and actin skeleton disruption decreases secretion. These findings are important in understanding the regulation of CFTR function by phosphodiesterases.
Forced Migrants, Media, and Securitization: Making Sense of the Changing Representations of Transit Asylum Seekers in Indonesian Print Media

This paper aims to explain how and why the representations of transit forced migrants in Indonesian major print media were vastly different within two time spans: (1) during the arrivals of the Indochinese refugees in 1975-1996 and (2) in the period of the new generations of refugees from Middle Eastern and South Asian countries in 1997-2013. Employing media content analysis of 216 news articles from three major print media in Indonesia, this study found out that the Indochinese refugees were portrayed with positive labels and thus, mainly discussed in connection with the non-security theme. In contrast, the new generations of forced migrants were portrayed with negative labels such as ‘illegal immigrants’ and were framed as security threats. Grounded within Securitization Theory, this paper thus argues that the changing representations were caused by the securitizing move made by specialized agencies in Indonesia.
Extreme classification under limited space and time budget

We discuss a new framework for solving extreme classification (i.e., learning problems with an extremely large label space), in which we reduce the original problem to a structured prediction problem. Thanks to this we can obtain learning algorithms that work under a strict time and space budget. We mainly focus on a recently introduced algorithm, referred to as LTLS, which is to our best knowledge the first truly logarithmic time and space (in the number of labels) method for extreme classification. We compare this algorithm with two other approaches that also rely on transformation to structured prediction problems. The first algorithm encodes original labels as binary sequences. The second algorithm follows the label tree approach. The comparison shows the trade-off between computational complexity (in time and space) and predictive performance.
The Occurrences, References and Projected Attitudes About LGBT Lifestyles in Children's Media: A Content Analysis of Animated Films

2 Background 3 Hypothesis 5 Literature Review LGBT Representations in General Audience-Based Content 6 Queering Children's Television 9 A culture of Protection 12 Methodology 13 Coding Schemes Character Description 15 Physical Characteristics 15 Gender Role Transgressions 16 Intense Same-gender Interactions. 16 Results Table 1 18 Table 2A 19 Table 2B – 2C 20 Themes & Ramifications. In the Background 21 Preoccupation with Heterosexual Main Character 26 Sissy Villain? 31 New Forms of Feminine and Masculine Main Characters 32 Discussion & Conclusions. 35 Limitations & Further Research. 37 Works Cited 39 Appendix 41
Crack models for the failure of rocks in compression

Fracture mechanics models are developed to analyze the post failure behavior of rocks under triaxial compression. We consider axially aligned sliding cracks as a model for the axial growth of microcracks and a collinear row of shear cracks at an angle to the direction of maximum compression, as a model for shear failure. It is found that the sliding crack model exhibits strain hardening and strain softening, while the shear crack model exhibits only strain softening. Also, we consider parallel columns of sliding cracks, and show that parallel interaction stabilizes the axial growth of cracks.
Modelling Stochastic Technological Change in Economy and Environment Using the Kalman Filter

This chapter reports on empirical work (Perrings and Stern 2000; Stern 1994) that uses the Kalman filter to estimate stochastic trends in the context of resource use models. This modelling approach treats changes in the environment and changes in the production possibilities of the economy as similar processes, which in both cases can be seen as changes in either capital stocks or changes in technology. The two case studies are a model of production and technological change in the US macroeconomy in the post-war period, and a model of rangeland utilization and degradation in Botswana in the 30 years to the mid-1990s. Perrings (1987) presents a vision of a dynamic, evolving economy that receives inputs from its environment and returns surplus outputs to its environment. These surplus outputs substantively change the nature of the resource base on which the economy depends and the changing nature of the resource structure precipitates technological change within the controlled economy itself. Technological change and controlled capital accumulation within the economy forces uncontrolled capital accumulation and technological change in the environment (OOConnor 1993). Perrings modelled this system using a von Neumann-type technology and the mass balance principle as key features. This vision was extended and refined by OOConnor (1991) to include energy flows and thermodynamic considerations regarding energy. The framework presented in this chapter is nowhere near as complete or encompassing. However, it does incorporate some aspects of such a system. Its primary advantage is that it is an empirical approach utilizing advanced econometric techniques to describe the state and evolution of technology. Unlike the Perrings and OOConnor models, the models in this chapter utilize neoclassical principles of optimization. Additionally, the US model embodies a neoclassical production function that allows continuous substitution of factor inputs within a given state of technology. The technology in the rangeland model consists of a group of logistic growth functions.