Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model‐based mapping of fat unsaturation and chain length by chemical shift imaging—phantom validation and in vivo feasibility

Knowledge about the triglyceride (fat) 1H spectrum enables quantitative determination of several triglyceride characteristics. This work describes a model‐based chemical shift imaging method that separates water and fat signal and provides maps of three triglyceride quantities: fatty acid carbon chain length, unsaturation degree, and polyunsaturation degree. The method was validated by imaging a phantom containing 10 different oils using 1.5 and 3.0 T clinical scanners, with gas–liquid chromatography as reference. Repeated acquisitions demonstrated high reproducibility of the method. Statistical tests of correlation and linear regression were performed to examine the accuracy of the method. Significant correlation was found at both field strengths for all three quantities, and high correlation (r2 > 0.95) was found for measuring unsaturation degree and polyunsaturation degree. Feasibility of the method for in vivo imaging of the thigh was demonstrated at both field strengths. The estimates of unsaturation degree and polyunsaturation degree in subcutaneous adipose tissue were in agreement with literature values, while chain length appeared over estimated. The method has potential use in large‐scale cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies of triglyceride composition, and its relation to diet and various diseases. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variations in community structure of phytoplankton in relation to physicochemical properties of coastal waters, southeast coast of India

study, which varied between 1.7 x 10 5 and 1.5 x 10 6 cells l -1 . Another important feature of this study was the observation of Trichodesmium erythraeum bloom in the coastal waters. Concomitant with the bloom, a drastic fall in the number of phytoplankton species was noticed. The change in phytoplankton assemblages (density and species composition) during different seasons was significant and was found to be regulated by the change in water characteristics associated with monsoon. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton assemblage followed by dinoflagellates. Asterionellopsis glacialis and Thalassionema nitzschioides were found to be dominant species among diatoms and dinoflagellates respectivaly, Prorocentrum micans and Protoperidinium sp. were the dominant forms. Salinity was found to be an important parameter influencing the species composition, standing stock and succession of phytoplankton at this location. Salinity apparently influenced the phytoplankton density positively. Nitrate was found to be the limiting factor for phytoplankton growth during late summer and pre-monsoon periods, whereas, the role of silicate and phosphate remained insignificant in this regard.
Plasma BGP: an indicator of spontaneous bone loss and of the effect of oestrogen treatment in postmenopausal women

Abstract. One hundred and ninety‐one healthy early postmenopausal women, aged 45–54 years, were randomized to 2 years of treatment with (a) percutaneous 17β‐oestradiol combined with progesterone (n = 29) or placebo (n = 28); (b) oral oestradiol valerate combined with cyproterone acetate (n = 37) or placebo (n = 39); (c) 24R, 25 (OH)2D3 (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29). We measured the plasma bone Gla‐protein (BGP), bone mineral content of the proximal forearms (BMC), bone mineral density in the spine (BMDspine) and total body bone mineral (TBBM) in all the women before, and during, the study. In the groups of women receiving the oestrogen preparations, the plasma BGP decreased highly significantly (P < 0·001) to a premenopausal level. The initial plasma BGP concentration was significantly related to the loss of BMC (P < 0001) in the placebo groups. The changes in plasma BGP were an indicator of the oestrogen response on BMC. We conclude that serial determinations of plasma BGP are useful for determination of the effect of oestrogen therapy in groups of patients, and that plasma BGP measured at the time of the menopause indicates what the rate of bone loss will be.
PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Original Studies Bladed Balloon Angioplasty for Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Stenosis

Treatment for peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis is challenging, and conventional balloon angioplasty has not proved to be universally effective. Evaluated was the efficacy of bladed balloon (BB) dilation to address vessels resistant to conventional high-pressure (10–15 atm) balloon angioplasty (BA). Thirty-one procedures were performed on 14 children with age range 1 month to 15 years. The diameter of the BB ranged from 3 to 8 mm. After BB dilation, all children had subsequent conventional BA (balloon size range, 3–10 mm). The minimal lumen diameter (MLD) before and after the procedure, whether there was a waist at initial BA, and BB diameterto-MLD ratio before the procedure were measured. A > 50% increase in MLD was considered successful. Four children had Williams syndrome, two children Alagille syndrome, five children Fallot’s tetralogy, and three miscellaneous lesions. The resistant stenosis was located in the right central pulmonary artery in 6, right branch pulmonary artery in 7, left central pulmonary artery in 6, and left branch pulmonary artery in 12 lesions. Median BB diameter was 253% (117–440%) of the MLD and increased from 2.0 0.7 to 3.2 0.8 mm (P < 0.0001), with a mean increase of 73% 62%. There was an inverse relationship between the MLD before and increase after the procedure (r 0.75; P < 0.001). The BB diameter-to-MLD ratio before procedure was significantly associated with the increase in MLD (r 0.70; P < 0.001). After the procedure, 18 of the 31 procedures were considered successful. In all successful procedures, the BB diameter was greater than twice the MLD before the procedure. Comparing children with Williams and Alagille syndrome with the remaining eight children, there were no significant differences in the increase in MLD. A small aneurysm and thrombus were noticed in two and three children, respectively, but no fatal complications were reported. BB angioplasty is effective for resistant peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis when conventional BA fails. The diameter of the BB should be larger than twice the minimal luminal diameter of the stenotic lesion. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:71–77. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of vitamin E on reproductive hormones and testis structure in chronic dioxin-treated mice

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on reproductive hormones and testis structure in mice treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Five experimental groups of a combination of TCDD and vitamin E were designed as follows: 0 ng/kg/d and 0 mg/kg/d (control group), 100 ng/kg/d and 0 mg/kg/d (Group I), 100 ng/kg/d and 20 mg/kg/d (Group II), 100 ng/kg/d and 100 mg/kg/d (Group III), and 100 ng/kg/d and 500 mg/kg/d (Group IV) respectively. Vitamin E and TCDD were given by oral gavage for 7 weeks. The results demonstrated that TCDD decreased the levels of brain gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), testis luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), serum testosterone and testis spermatozoa number, and damaged testis structure. Vitamin E at 20 mg/kg alleviated the decrease of GnRH; vitamin E at 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg antagonized the decline of LH and FSH; vitamin E at 20 and 100 mg/kg reversed the decrease of testosterone and spermatozoa number; and vitamin E at 100 mg/kg decreased the damage of the testis structure caused by TCDD. The results indicate that vitamin E antagonizes the reproductive endocrine toxicity and alleviates the changes in testicular structure caused by TCDD.
Smooth muscle cell proliferation is proportional to the degree of balloon injury in a rat model of angioplasty.

BACKGROUND A variable degree of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation after balloon injury has been reported in previous rat studies. It is unknown whether balloon injury induces c-fos expression and whether it is related to the degree of vascular injury in vivo. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that proportional increases in neointimal formation and c-fos expression might be present after different degrees of balloon dilation. METHODS AND RESULTS Angioplasty of the carotid artery was performed with a balloon catheter. Vascular injury was evaluated at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 atm (n = 6 for all). In 40 additional rats, total RNA dot blots were performed to assess the effect of various degrees of balloon injury on c-fos expression. SMC proliferation proportional to the increases of inflation pressure was found between 0 and 2 atm with neointimal areas of 0.002 +/- 0.002, 0.069 +/- 0.014, 0.128 +/- 0.043, 0.190 +/- 0.010, and 0.255 +/- 0.041 mm2, respectively. When the degree of SMC proliferation (neointima and neointima/media ratio) was plotted against balloon inflation pressure, a linear relation was observed (r = .733, P < .001 and r = .755, P < .001, respectively). An increase in c-fos expression proportional to the degree of injury was found 30 minutes after injury. CONCLUSIONS Neointimal proliferation produced by balloon injury is related to balloon inflation pressure, supporting the concept of an SMC proliferative response proportional to the degree of injury. The increase in SMC proliferation is associated with a proportional increase in the early expression of the c-fos nuclear proto-oncogene.
Phylogeography recapitulates topography: very fine‐scale local endemism of a saproxylic ‘giant’ springtail at Tallaganda in the Great Dividing Range of south–east Australia

Comparative phylogeography can reveal processes and historical events that shape the biodiversity of species and communities. As part of a comparative research program, the phylogeography of a new, endemic Australian genus and species of log‐dependent (saproxylic) collembola was investigated using mitochondrial sequences, allozymes and anonymous single‐copy nuclear markers. We found the genetic structure of the species corresponds with five a priori microbiogeographical regions, with population subdivision at various depths owing to palaeoclimatic influences. Closely related mtDNA haplotypes are codistributed within a single region or occur in adjacent regions, nuclear allele frequencies are more similar among more proximate populations, and interpopulation migration is rare. Based on mtDNA divergence, a late Miocene–late Pliocene coalescence is likely. The present‐day distribution of genetic diversity seems to have been impacted by three major climatic events: Pliocene cooling and drying (2.5–7 million years before present, Mybp), early Pleistocene wet‐dry oscillations (c. 1.2 Mybp) and the more recent glacial‐interglacial cycles that have characterized the latter part of the Quaternary (< 0.4 Mybp).
Carbon monoxide and avian embryogenesis.

Embryonated chicken eggs were exposed continuously So various carbon monoxide concentrations during the first 18 incubation days. Hatchability and viability were inversely related to CO concentrations. The eighth to 14th incubation days constituted the critical period, beginning with the 425-ppm level. Macroscopic observations on experimental embryos revealed “compensatory hypertrophy” of extra-embryonic blood vessels, and amnionic vesiculation. Elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase and increased serum albumin levels occurred in embryos exposed to 425 ppm CO. A “quasi-taliped” condition appeared in hatched chicks exposed to 650 ppm. Carboxyhemoglobin levels of controls were uniform, averaging 1.50% (SD ± 0.80) from the tenth to 16th incubation day: levels of embryos exposed to 425 ppm CO averaged 6.15% (SD ± 1.18) from days 10 to 14 with abrupt increase to a mean 14.85% (SD ± 2.65) on days 15 to 16.
Replication origins are associated with transcription initiation sequences in the mitochondrial genome of yeast.

Mitochondrial transcripts have been investigated in a series of spontaneous petite mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae endowed with mitochondrial genomes formed by short repeat units containing no genes, but either: (a) one of the seven ori sequences, the canonical origins of DNA replication (ori+ mutants); or (b) partially deleted ori sequences, lacking GC‐rich clusters A or C (ori‐ mutants); or (c) no canonical ori sequence, but only oris sequences, the surrogate origins of replication (orio mutants). The results indicate that some ori sequences play a role in transcription initiation, and that the presence of cluster C and, more specifically, of an AT‐rich sequence next to it, are essential for transcription to take place. Hybridization experiments with separated DNA strands have identified the template strand used in transcription as the strand containing the oligopyrimidine stretch of cluster C. S1 degradation of RNA‐DNA hybrids indicated that transcription initiates at a TATTACTTATATATTT sequence next to the oligopyrimidine stretch of cluster C and proceeds in the cluster C–‐cluster A direction. The relevance of these results for the transcription of the wild‐type mitochondrial genome is discussed.
Motivational Interviewing Intervention With College Student Tobacco Users: Providers' Beliefs and Behaviors

Abstract Objective: This study assessed college student health providers' use of Motivational Interviewing (MI) with tobacco users, as well as their beliefs about the use of brief interventions to help college student tobacco users quit. MI is recommended by the United States Public Health Service to increase tobacco users' willingness to quit. Participants: Participants included 83 clinicians from health clinics at 7 different universities in North Carolina. Methods: Paper-and-pencil baseline survey from a cluster randomized trial of college student health clinicians. Results: Twenty-two percent of respondents reported always or usually using MI during the past month for tobacco-using patients not ready to make a quit attempt. Student health providers also reported information with regards to their beliefs about tobacco cessation treatment, barriers to intervening with patients, and confidence in motivating students to consider quitting. Conclusions: Results highlight the need to encourage clinicians' use of motivationally focused interventions with student tobacco users. TABLE 1. Providers' Beliefs About Patient Tobacco Intervention and Cessation (N = 83)VariableResponse / % ResponseMotivational InterviewingReported always or usually Use Motivational Interviewing during past month22Provider beliefs Role in tobacco cessation treatmentAlways or usually feel this way It is my role to motivate my patients to quit70 It is my role to help motivated patients quit74BarriersNot at all a barrier or slight barrier I do not believe in the efficacy of cessation interventions96 Patients are not motivated to quit33 I am unfamiliar with interventions to help students quit68 My experience intervening with tobacco users is limited56ConfidenceVery confident or somewhat confident Motivating patients to consider quitting59Beliefs about brief treatmentStrongly agree or agree Brief treatment is ineffective28Provider trainingReported yes Formal training or education in counseling methods16
Investigating Early Readmission as an Indicator for Quality of Care Studies

Readmission to a hospital shortly following a previous discharge may be viewed as an adverse outcome of care. Consequently, early readmission represents a potentially useful indicator for monitoring quality. While a number of recent research studies have focused on this issue, several important questions concerning appropriate use of early readmission as a quality of care indicator remain to be addressed. In this article, using data on all discharges for 1 year from 18 hospitals, several of these questions are investigated. Specifically, whether the significant predictors of readmission risk are different for different types of cases (defined using DRGs), whether case severity is an important predictor of readmission risk, whether readmission risks differ systematically with hospital size and other characteristics, whether readmission risk is a function of patients' lengths-of-stay, and whether readmission risk is influenced by whether or not patients are discharged home or into organized care environments are explored. For this study, the focus is on patients who experienced unplanned readmissions to acute care hospitals within 31 days of a prior discharge. The Patient Management Category classification system and ICD-9-CM diagnosis and procedure codes are used to identify, and then exclude from consideration, those readmissions that occurred as part of an appropriately planned sequence of care. In each of 22 sets of related DRGs, analysis of unplanned readmissions indicates that severity/complexity is an important risk factor for early readmission and that clinical and other risk factors differ for different DRG groups. Thus, in future studies of early readmissions, researchers will need to control for both the type (e.g., DRG) and severity /complexity of individual cases. In examining relationships between early readmission and hospital characteristics, no consistent patterns suggestive of quality of care problems were detected.
Educational Software Use: A Comparative Examination of Teacher Candidates' Knowledge and Confidence in the Use of Educational Software

This paper reports on one aspect of a larger study,which examined the relationship between pre-service teachers’ self-reports of knowledge and confidence in regard to many key areas of professional practice. Survey information was provided by current,and recently graduated concurrent and consecutive bachelor of education students. Knowledge and confidence when using technology in the classroom for instructional purposes were examined. Recent graduates do not feel overly knowledgeable or confident in their ability to use educational software effectively in the classroom. However, consecutive students reported significantly more knowledge and confidence when compared to concurrent students. As using technology to support students’ learning success is a key expectation of professional teachers, this finding is important. The results of this research stressthe need for additional strategic instruction and practice to develop skills related to the use of instructional technology in teacher education programs, as well as for additional training and exposure for teacher educators to help them maintain their level of currency with new educational technology.
Positron Emission Tomography in Familial Alzheimer Disease

SummaryThere is increasing evidence for genetic heterogeneity in Alzheimer disease. A longitudinal clinical and imaging study had been established in order to determine whether specific phenotypic profiles are present in aetiologically distinct familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) pedigrees. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has been used in conjunction with statistical parametric mapping to determine the relative distribution of hypometabolism. A parietotemporal deficit has been observed in individuals from both amyloid precursor protein mutation and chromosome 14 linked FAD families. Preliminary data from asymptomatic individuals at risk of FAD shows similar, although a less extensive pattern of deficit.
Color‐coded Ultrasound Diagnosis of Vascular Occlusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke

A combination of extracranial and transcranial color‐coded sonography was used to identify the patterns of vascular occlusion in 47 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Total anterior circulation infarction (n = 20) was associated with internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (n = 8 and 9, respectively), or with significant reduction in ipsilateral MCA velocities (n = 5) Patients with partial anterior circulation (n = 22) infarction had patency of the ipsilateral ICA and MCA. In this group, significant reduction of ipsilateral MCA velocities (n = 7) was associated with more extensive infarcts on conventional neuroimaging (n = 6), suggesting multiple MCA branch occlusions. Ultrasound imagmg was unable to identify underlying vascular pathology in patients with postenor circulation infarction or with lacunar infarction (n = 5). An ultrasound‐based approach enables noninvasive identification of major vascular pathology of the anterior cerebral circulation in patients with acute cerebral infarction. It may be useful for the rapid identification of patients most and those least likely to benefit from acute intervention, and for monitoring their response.
Variability of optical properties for atmospheric aerosol in Kuching city using AERONET Sunphotometer

The knowledge of aerosol optical properties is important for estimation of radiative balance effect to the Earth's system. Aerosol can have directly effect to the radiation by scattering and absorption process depending on their chemical and physical properties. Uncertainties in estimation of radiative effect are cause by lack of knowledge for aerosol properties. AERONET Sun photometer had been used to measure the AOD, linear regressions to calculate Angstrom exponent and inversion algorithm to retrieve single scattering albedo and refractive index over Kuching, Sarawak from August 2011 until October 2011. The mean values of AOD for August was (0.4014±0.3126), for September was reported as (0.3158±0.1877) and (0.1689±0.0813) for October 2011. The minimum value for Angstrom is 0.3233 and the maximum value is 1.9325 which indicates a presence of fine mode aerosol and coarse mode aerosol. The averaged SSA for August at 440nm was 0.8997 and 0.7604 for 1020nm meanwhile for September SSA value was 0.9586 for 440nm and 0.9239 for 1020nm. It shows an increasing of urban pollution and biomass burning aerosol. The refractive index for real part and imaginary part measurement suggest that absorbing aerosols are more dominant in Kuching, Sarawak.
Miniature Ultra-Wideband Power Divider Using Bridged T-Coils

In this work, a miniature ultra-wideband (UWB) power divider (PD) is proposed. By implementing the transmission lines of a two-stage Wilkinson PD using bridged T-coils, very compact size with no reduction in bandwidth can be achieved. Specifically, a proposed UWB two-way PD with a center frequency f<sub>0</sub>=5.5 GHz is implemented using the commercial GaAs pHEMT process. The circuit size without pads is only 1.45 mm × 0.84 mm, which is about 0. 027λ<sub>0</sub> × 0. 016λ<sub>0</sub> at f<sub>0</sub>. The fractional bandwidth for 15-dB input/output return loss and isolation is 110%, and the in-band insertion loss is within 1.3 ± 0.36 dB.