Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RAPD analysis of southern populations of Gammarus locusta: comparison with allozyme data and ecological inferences

The genetic variability of southern European populations of the marine amphipod Gam- marus locusta (L.) was analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD). We ana- lyzed 4 populations along the Portuguese coast with 10 arbitrary primers, which produced a total of 114 interpretable bands. The average percentage of polymorphism was 77% and the within-popula- tion average similarity index was high (0.841). Between-population differentiation was low, as deter- mined by Wright's fixation index, FST (0.074), analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) ΦST (0.048), and Nei's unbiased distances (mean 0.032). These results are consistent with those of previous allozyme analysis, which indicated that G. locusta has low intra- and inter-population genetic vari- ability. Low between-population differentiation indicates that G. locusta has efficient dispersal mech- anisms for an organism lacking larval stages and that disperses passively. Despite the low level of genetic differentiation it was still possible to detect some genetic subdivision. The Sado and Alvor populations clustered together consistently in dendograms based on several genetic distances, and AMOVA analysis indicated some level of differentiation between populations located to the north (Aveiro and Foz do Arelho) versus southern populations (Sado and Alvor), albeit this was very low (<1.5%). Analysis of migration patterns suggested that dispersal is unbalanced, occurring primarily from west coast populations to the south coast population of Alvor, with much less reciprocal disper- sal. It would be worthwhile inspecting the significance of this unbalanced north-south flow, by determining whether populations located east of Alvor also exibit such unbalanced dispersal relative to west coast populations.
Annihilation of cohomology and decompositions of derived categories

It is proved that an element $r$ in the center of a coherent ring $\Lambda$ annihilates $\mathrm{Ext}^{n}_{\Lambda}(M,N)$, for some positive integer $n$ and all finitely presented $\Lambda$-modules $M$ and $N$, if and only if the bounded derived category of $\Lambda$ is an extension of the subcategory consisting of complexes annihilated by $r$ and those obtained as $n$-fold extensions of $\Lambda$. This has applications to finiteness of dimension of derived categories.
Interactive comment on “Responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis” by J. Meyer and U. Riebesell

In general, the manuscript is well-written, well structured and the approach in data selection well justified. A main critical question that the authors should clarify is about the need and innovative aspects of this work since there are other meta-analyses exercises performed and published on this topic; for examples see Findlay et al. (2011). The authors mentioned the accordance with the Findlay et al., 2011 meta-analyses results. The general negative effects of OA on Ehux calcification and PIC/POC has already been shown. What can we learn more on the coccolithophore response to OA mainly from the meta-analyses of monoclonal culture experimental results that haven’t
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Afield experiment was conducted during 2005-06 and 2006-07 on clay loam soil to assess the effect of integrated nutrient management practices (NM) on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) The experiment consists of eleven treatments viz., TI-100% recommended dose offertilizer (RDF) i.e. 120 : 26.4 : 50 N : P : K kg ha-', E- 100% RDF+Vermicompost @ It ha-', E-100% RDF+Vermicompost @ It ha-' + Phosphate Solubilizing bacteria (PSB), TcIOO% RDF + PSB, TI-75% RDF + vermicompost @ It ha. ', Tg75% RDF + vermicompost @ It ha. ' + PSB, T7-50% RDF+Vermicompost @ It ha. ', Tg50% RDF+Vermicompost @ It ha. ' + PSB, Tr Vermicompost @ It ha" + PSB, T~~Vermicompost @ It ha. ' and TI'-absolute controLThe results revealed that the application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) i.e. 120:26:4:50 N:P:K kg ha-'+ vermicompost @Itha-' + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and 75% RDF + vermicompost @Itha-'+ PSBproduced higher yield attributes and grain yield than the other treatments. The higher yield led to higher NPK uptake by wheat. Further, the available NPK content of soil also increased in above NM treatment over control. The highest benefit : cost ratio (2.73) was obtainedfiom the application of 75% RDF + vermicompost @1thd1+ PSB.
The Influence of Foreign Direct Investment on Domestic Investment Processes in Latvia

The primary aim of the paper is to estimate the extent of FDI influence on domestic investment processes in Latvia. Author analyses the theoretical issues of FDI effect on capital formation process in the host economy. The results of econometric analysis of the total investment model presented in this paper show the evidence of crowding out long-term effect of FDI on investment in Latvia.
Biology, health and environmental education for better citizenship: teachers’ conceptions and textbook analysis in 19 countries

The European Biohead-Citizen research project has started in October 2004 and is now in its last year of implementation. It aims to understand how Biology, Health and Environmental Education can promote a better citizenship, by analysing potential differences in 19 countries (13 European countries and 6 non European countries) and associating them to controlled parameters. Six topics were defined by the consortium for the research (“Human Brain”, “Human Genetics”, “Human Origin”, “Human Reproduction and Sex Education”, “Health Education” and “Ecology and Environmental Education”). Specific grids were constructed and validated for application to primary to secondary school textbooks (5/6 to 17/18 years old students) of all 19 countries. A questionnaire was constructed and after validation in a pilot test, the final questionnaire was applied to a total of 6379 teachers of primary school and of secondary school (biology and of national language), and also to corresponding pre-service teachers. We describe the successive steps of both instruments (grids and questionnaire) collective construction process, their validation and application and also present general results to exemplify the diversity found in different countries textbooks and in teachers and future teachers’ conceptions. Teachers’ and future teachers’ conceptions are contrasted in relation to creationism, sexism views and awareness of some environmental issues. Some of these differences are correlated with the controlled parameters as religion, degree of religious practices, political positions, academic level and training type. Challenges of this interaction between the taught scientific knowledge, values and socio-cultural contexts will be discussed.
MEASURING THE LEVEL OF JOB SATISFACTION AND IDENTIFY FACTOR INFLUENCING JOB SATISFACTION USING JOB DESCRIPTIVE INDEX QUESTIONNAIRE : CASE IN PT HEARTWARMER'S MAIN OFFICE

Job satisfaction becomes a major research in recent days for all organization and business. Job satisfaction has linked into employee performance, absenteeism and turnover. Satisfied employee tends to work harder than the employee who does not satisfied. Furthermore, job satisfaction gives an image to the company about how their employee perceives about their work. It is very crucial issue when the level of employee job satisfaction in the low level because it could made high absenteeism since the employee who does not satisfied naturally will seek reasons to do not work or even worsen they will seek for the other work opportunity. PT Heartwarmer as the pioneer of woman accessories producer which has running for 15 years has duty to identify whether their employee satisfied or not. They have to maintain the loyalty and performance of their employee if they want to survive in this competitive environment. The main office of PT Heartwarmer which is the main brain of the entire business has major role in running the company. It is believed that is why this research tries to figure the level of employee job satisfaction in the main office of PT Heartwarmer.
Effect of Chlorocholine Chloride on Chlorophyll, Photosynthesis, Soluble Sugar and Flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba

The flavonoids content determines the quality characteristics of Ginkgo biloba extract that could be increased by using of plant growth regulators. The objective of study was to investigate the effect of chlorocholine chloride (CCC), an anti-gibberellin growth retardant, on photosynthesis, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, total amino acids and phenylalanine contents, flavonoid accumulation, and flavonoids enzyme activity in G. biloba leaves. The ginkgo seedlings were grown in the greenhouse conditions with foliar applications of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g l -1 CCC. Results showed that 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g l -1 CCC treatments significantly increased photosynthetic rates of leaves, the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, total amino acids and phenylalnine in ginkgo leaves. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) activities were all significantly increased by 1.0 and 2.0 g l -1 CCC treatments. Foliar treatment with CCC therefore might be a useful means of improving pharmacological properties of G. biloba leaves.
Estimating the impact of recombination uncertainties on the cosmological parameter constraints from cosmic microwave background experiments

We use our most recent training set for the Rico code to estimate the impact of recom- bination uncertainties on the posterior probability distributions which will be obtained from future CMB experiments, and in particular the Planck satellite. Using a Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis to sample the posterior distribution of the cosmological parameters, we find that Planck will have biases of 0.7, 0.3 and 0.4 sigmas for nS, bh 2 and log(10 10 AS), respectively, in the minimal six parameterCDM model, if the description of the recombination history given by Rico is not used. The remaining parameters (e.g. τ or dmh 2 ) are not significantly affected. We also show, that the cosmology dependence of the corrections to the recombination history modeled with Rico has a negligible impact on the posterior distributions obtained for the case of the Planck satellite. In practice, this implies that the inclusion of additional corrections to existing recombination codes can be achieved using simple cosmology-independent 'fudge functions'. Finally, we also investigated the impact of some recent improvements in the treat- ment of hydrogen recombination which are still not included in the current version of our training set for Rico, by assuming that the cosmology dependence of those correc- tions can be neglected. In summary, with our current understanding of the complete recombination process, the expected biases in the cosmological parameters inferred from Planck might be as large as 2.3, 1.7 and 1 sigmas for nS, bh 2 and log(10 10 AS) respectively, if all those corrections are not taken into account. We note that although the list of physical processes that could be of importance for Planck seems to be nearly complete, still some effort has to be put in the validation of the results obtained by the different groups. The new Rico training set as well as the fudge functions used for this paper are publicly availabe in the Rico-webpage.
Smart Materials and Structures: State of the Art and Applications

Abstract The world of materials is an exciting and challenging field of research since it has always played a dominant role in the evolution of human civilization. The demands from aerospace, defence, automotive and industrial branches on more advanced and innovative materials has led to the development of a new generation of materials with much better performance and capabilities than the existing conventional structural and functional materials. As a result, the era of smart materials has started. Smart materials can change their physical properties in response to a specific stimulus input. However, there is still a blurry image over the types and potential applications of smart materials. The objective of this paper is to define the field of smart materials and structures, together with its current status and potential benefits. However, more focus will be devoted to piezoelectric materials and results are presented and discussed. Finally, and in order to demonstrate the characteristics of one class of smart materials, two numerical examples are proposed and results are presented.
Consumer Perception of Traceability in the Meat Chain

Despite growing interest in meat traceability systems, very little research has been done on consumer needs and perception of traceability. This gap is partly filled by the present study of consumer perception of meat traceability in Belgium, based on cross-sectional data collected in June 2001. Respondents are segmented, based on their subjective perception of meat quality, and differences in the perceived need for traceability systems between the various segments are investigated. Functional traceability attributes, such as organizational efficiency, chain monitoring and individual responsibility, are important to all consumers. Extensions with respect to process attributes, such as production methods, are less relevant to the general population, being only of interest to specific market segments, i.e. consumers with a more negative perception of meat quality and lower consumption levels. In conclusion, it is recommended that public policy focuses on the level of functional traceability attributes, whereas extensions with respect to process attributes are left to private initiatives, which focus on specific market segments.
MODELING MINERAL NITROGEN EXPORT FROM A FOREST TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM TO STREAMS

Terrestrial ecosystems are major sources of N pollution to aquatic ecosystems. Predicting N export to streams is a critical goal of nonpoint-source modeling. This study was conducted to assess the effect of terrestrial N cycling on stream N export using long-term monitoring data from Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in New Hampshire. The field- scale DAYCENT model was used to quantify N pools and long-term annual streamflow and mineral N export for six subwatersheds at the HBEF. By combining DAYCENT with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed model, mineral N export simulations were extended to the watershed scale. Our study indicated that only 13% of external N input was exported to streams during 1951-2000 at HBEF. As much as 4763 kg/ha of N was stored in forest litter, soil organic matter (SOM), and living plant biomass. Net N mineralization of SOM and forest litter contributed 93% of total available N for export within the HBEF ecosystem. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (Ens) evaluating model performance of DAYCENT at six subwatersheds ranged from 0.72 to 0.82 for simulating annual streamflow (1964-2000) and from 0.48 to 0.67 for annual mineral N export (1971-1995), indicating reasonable simulated values. DAYCENT successfully predicted the effect of ecosystem disturbance such as forest cut and insect invasion on stream mineral N export. The watershed-scale simulation suggested that soil spatial variability affects stream N export in addition to the accepted controls of land cover, external N input, climate, and ecosystem disturbance.
Discovery of two novel miRNAs from the Ovis aries by a combinatorial approach of experiments and bioinformatics

n the study, we successful constructed a library from the ovine testis using next-generation sequencing technology, and identified 219 novel miRNAs by bioinformatics. Two of the novel miRNAs (ovis_aries_testis-m0052_5p and ovis_aries_testis-m0165_5p), which were expressed in the sheep testis and ovary, and were confirmed by real-time PCR and northern blotting. Ovis_aries_testis-m0052_5p was 23 nucleotides in length, was located on chromosome 15, and had 100% similarity to mmu-miR-34c-5p, hsa-miR-34c-5p, gga-miR-34c-5p, and cfa-miR-34c. Ovis_aries_testis-m0165_5p was 21 nucleotides in length, located on chromosome 5, and had 100% similarity to mmu-miR-145a-5p, hsa-miR-145-5p, ssc-miR-145-5p, and bta-miR-145. The pre-miRNAs for Ovis_aries_testis-m0052_5p and Ovis_aries_testis-m0165_5p were 75 and 81 nucleotides in length, and both had a standard hairpin stem-loop structure. From the consistency of the sequence and structure, we speculated that ovis_aries_testis-m0052_5p had a function similar to hsa-miR-34c-5p, mmu-miR-34c-5p, and ovis_aries_testis-m0165_5p had a function similar to hsa-miR-145-5p, which were involved in the fine regulation of cell survival, spermatozoon generate, breeding activities. Therefore, we defined the identified miRNAs as oar-miR-34c-5p and oar-miR-145-5p. The results will enrich the miRNA database, and provide the basis for research into the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA in relation to breeding activities.
Orientation of the peptide formation of N-phosphoryl amino acids in solution

The peptide formation of N-phosphoryl amino acids with amino acids proceeds in aqueous solution without any coupling reagents. After being separated in sephadex gel column, the phosphoryl dipeptides were analyzed by the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESIMS/ MS). The result demonstrates that phosphoryl dipeptides were detected in all the reaction systems. It is found that the formation of N-phosphoryl dipeptides is oriented: the N-terminal amino acid residues of the N-phosphoryl dipeptides are from N-phosphoryl amino acids, and the peptide elongation happened at the C-terminal. Only a-dipeptide, no β-dipeptide, is formed in the N-phosphoryl dipeptides, showing that a-carboxylic group is activated selectively by N-phosphorylation. Theoretical calculation shows that the peptide formation of N-phosphoryl amino acids might happen through a penta-coordinate carboxylic-phosphoric intermediate in solution. These results might give some clues to the study on the origin of proteins and protein biosynthesis.
Sickness Absence and Psychosocial Work Environment: A Study Based on an Employee Survey

Sickness absence is a prominent issue on today’s working life. Researchers seem to agree that adverse psychosocial work environment is a central precursor of employee sickness absence, but there is still no consensus on which factors seem to have most effect and how strong the effects actually are. In order to gain useful knowledge about the complex associations between unfavorable work environment and sickness absence, assessment tools of high quality should be of high priority. However, the employee surveys used in organizations today have been argued to vary greatly in regards to their quality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if an actual employee survey can provide information on the associations between psychosocial work factors and sickness absence. Thus, the study was based on an already existing employee survey conducted in a Norwegian county council in 2012. Unexpectedly, none of the psychosocial work factors were found to have effects on employees’ sickness absence, neither when studying the whole study sample (N=3628) nor the subsample consisting of the employees who specifically reported their absence to be work-related (N=363). Despite the potential shortcomings of the current survey, the study findings were concluded to be important as they imply that the understanding of the potential effects of psychosocial work factors on sickness absence still seem to be rather limited.
Fast three dimensional migration of He clusters in bcc Fe and Fe–Cr alloys

In this work, we perform atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to assess the properties of small helium vacancy (He-V) and pure He clusters in body-centered cubic Fe and in Fe90–Cr10 (Fe–10Cr) random alloy. The following two goals are pursued: determining diffusion mechanisms of He-V clusters occurring in dynamic simulations and revealing a possible influence of Cr on the mobility/stability of He-V clusters in the Fe–10Cr alloy. We also present a newly developed set of interatomic potentials for the Fe–Cr–He system, fitted to a set of specially performed density functional theory calculations. The obtained results show that the dissociation energies of the studied He-V clusters, as well as the migration energy of He interstitial, are not significantly affected in the alloy compared to pure Fe. It was found that small pure He clusters with sizes up to four atoms, that were assumed to be immobile in many previous studies devoted to He-release/accumulation kinetics, in fact, exhibit fast three dimensional.
Online and print newspapers in Europe in 2003. Evolving towards complementarity

Abstract This article assesses online newspapers in Europe from a media evolutionary perspective, ten years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. Comparing print and online front pages of 51 newspapers in 14 countries in 2003, we argue that online newspapers complement print newspapers in modest ways. Online, publishers put more emphasis on service information, offer additional news items, that nonetheless report on similar topics in similar ways, and add personal interactivity, content selectivity and real-time news to the print news offering. One subset of online newspapers charges for services, and offers more content and personal interactivity. Another, partly overlapping subset offers more original news; in a short and anonymous format. Overall, however, online newspapers in Europe make up a heterogeneous group, suggesting that online newspapers still have to find their definite form and role in the European news market.
Engineering Students' Experiences of Supplemental Instruction: A Case Study

This article explores Engineering students’ experiences of supplemental instruction (SI). SI is a student engagement approach that is meant to provide ‘support’ to students with the aim of improving pass rates. The sample population used in the study was constituted from the 2009 Chemical Engineering cohort. From this broad sample, the performance scores of 15 regular SI attendees were tracked over a period of three semesters. Qualitative data was also collected through focus-group discussions with six of the regular attendees. The data was analysed using an interpretive methodology. The findings from the study suggest that SI has the potential to provide positive learning spaces for students, enabling them to effectively engage with learning materials. However, the results also underscore the need to modify the programme to ensure that students do not become overly reliant on it.