Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Clinical study of acute diarrhea caused by rotavirus].

To establish the implication of Rotavirus in acute diarrhea of babies and children. Prospective study on 164 patients aged between 1 month and 3 years with acute diarrhea, admitted in the Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases Iaşi between 01.01. 2005 - 31.03. 2005. Rotavirus cause the illness in 30 patients (18.29%). The disease was more prevalent among children with dystrophy or with other comorbidities like: iron-deficiency anemia, intestinal parasitosis, rhinopharyngitis, pneumococcal meningitidis. In seven cases the infectious was considered to be nosocomial. During the illness patients also accused other symptoms, while in order of frequency were: common respiratory infection (13.3%), nausea and vomiting (40%), maculopapular eruption and intestinal pneumonia (16.6%), acute pharyngitis (10%). In this study latex agglutination confirmed the diagnosis. Vomiting and diarrhea led in all cases to moderate or severe dehydration. Appropriate rehydration was necessary but only in 12 cases was made through intravenous access with: Ringer lactate, isotonic sodium chloride solutions. Most children recovered with in 5 days.
Isolation of a single-stranded plasmid from Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 6444

The cryptic plasmid pDM6 was isolated from late exponential-phase cells of Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 6444 by either alkaline lysis or electroporation. The application of high voltage during electroporation resulted in higher DNA yield than did the alkaline lysis procedure. However, electroporation-induced plasmid release generated high amounts of single-stranded DNA compared with the alkaline lysis procedure, which generated both double-stranded DNA (monomer and dimer forms) and single-stranded DNA.
'Hidden Profiles' in Corporate Prediction Markets: The Impact of Public Information Precision and Social Interactions

Recently, large companies are experimenting with corporate prediction markets run among their employees. In the present study, we develop an analytical model to analyze the effects of information precision and social interactions on prediction market performance. We find that increased precision of public information is not always beneficial to the prediction market accuracy because of the “hidden profiles” effect: the information-aggregation mechanism places a larger-than-efficient weight on existing public information. We show that a socially embedded prediction market with information sharing among participants may help correct such inefficiency and improve the prediction market performance. We also identify conditions under which increased precision of public information is detrimental in a non-networked prediction market and in a socially embedded prediction market. These results should be of interest to practitioners as the managerial implications highlight the detrimental effect of public information and the role of social networking among employees in a corporate prediction market.
Clinical findings in a patient with FARS2 mutations and early‐infantile‐encephalopathy with epilepsy

The FARS2 gene encodes the mitochondrial phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase and is implicated in autosomal recessive combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14, a clinical condition characterized by infantile onset epilepsy and encephalopathy. Mutations in FARS2 have been reported in only few patients, but a detailed description of seizures, electroencephalographic patterns, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and long‐term follow‐up is still needed. We provide a clinical report of a child with FARS2‐related disease manifesting drug‐resistant infantile spasms associated with focal seizures. By comparative genomic hybridization analysis we identified a heterozygous microdeletion in the short arm of chromosome 6, inherited from the mother, that encompasses the first coding exon of FARS2. By sequencing of the FARS2 gene we identified a variant c.1156C>G; p.(R386G), inherited from the father. By using standard spectrophotometric techniques in skin fibroblasts, we found a combined abnormality of complexes I and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The main clinical features of the patient included axial hypotonia, mild distal hypertonia, and psychomotor delay. The magnetic resonance imaging showed microcephaly, frontal cerebral atrophy, and signal changes of dentate nuclei. At the age of 3 years and 6 months, the patient was still under treatment with vigabatrin and he has been seizure free for the last 23 months. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review of hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology, etiology, and carcinogenesis

Since the 1970s, the epidemic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has spread beyond the Eastern Asian predominance and has been increasing in Northern hemisphere, especially in the United States (US) and Western Europe. It occurs more commonly in males in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Among all cancers, HCC is one of the fastest growing causes of death in the US and poses a significant economic burden on healthcare. Chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus and alcohol accounts for the majority of HCC cases. Incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been on the risem and it has also been associated with the development of HCC. Its pathogenesis varies based on the underlying etiological factor although majority of cases develop in the setting of background cirrhosis. Carcinogenesis of HCC includes angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and tumor macroenvironment and microenvironment. There is a significant role of both intrinsic genetic risk factors and extrinsic influences such as alcohol or viral infections that lead to the development of HCC. Understanding its etiopathogenesis helps select appropriate diagnostic tests and treatments.
Response of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ATPase activity in bacteria exposed to acetamiprid.

OBJECTIVE To investigate how acetamiprid, a new insecticide, affects the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ATPase and the SOD isozyme patterns in two G bacteria, E. coli K12 and Pse.FH2, and one G+ bacterum, B. subtilis. METHODS The SOD, CAT, and ATPase specific activities of cell lysates were determined spectrophotometrically at 550 nm, 240 nm, and 660 nm, respectively, with kits A001, A016, and A007. SOD isozyme patterns were detected by native PAGE analysis. RESULTS SOD and CAT activities in the tested bacteria increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner after different concentrations of acetamiprid were applied. The activity of SOD in B. subtilis and Pse.FH2 was stimulated and reached the highest level after treatment with 100 mg/L acetamiprid for 0.5 h. For Pse.FH2, there was another stimulation of SOD activity after acetamiprid application for about 8.0 h and the second stimulation was stronger than the first. The stimulation by acetamiprid showed a relative lag for E. coli K12. Acetamiprid seemed to exhibit a similar effect on CAT activity of the two G bacteria and had an evident influence on ATPase activity in the three bacteria within a relatively short period. Only one SOD isozyme was detectable in Pse.FH2 and B. subtilis, while different isozyme compositions in E. coli could be detected by native PAGE analysis. CONCLUSION Acetamiprid causes a certain oxidative stress on the three bacteria which may not only elevate SOD and CAT activities but also generate new SOD isozymes to antagonize oxidative stress. However, this oxidative stress lasts for a relatively short time and does not cause a long-term damage.
Intravenous Fibrinolytic Therapy in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Patient-Level Meta-analysis.

IMPORTANCE Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ophthalmologic emergency that can result in blindness. At present, no proven therapy for CRAO exists. Treatment with fibrinolytic agents has shown promise but remains of unproven benefit. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of systemic fibrinolytic therapy for patients with CRAO and to define a time window of efficacy. DATA SOURCES We systematically queried PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the following index terms: "retinal artery occlusion" OR "retinal ischemia" AND "thrombolysis" OR "fibrinolysis" OR "tissue plasminogen activator" OR "streptokinase" OR "urokinase. " Search was not limited by year of publication or language and was conducted in August 2014. In addition, we evaluated the references from relevant review articles. STUDY SELECTION We assembled observational studies reporting on visual acuity outcomes after CRAO. Inclusion criteria were complete reporting of visual outcomes after CRAO (with or without fibrinolytic therapy) and a series of more than 5 patients for fibrinolysis treatment or more than 20 cases when untreated or treated with conservative modalities. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Patient-level data were sought for studies reporting outcomes of treatment with fibrinolysis. Summary statistics were obtained for conservative treatment and natural history studies. The studies were weighted by the inverse of variance and merged in a random-effects model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Rate of visual recovery (defined as improvement of visual acuity from 20/200 or worse at presentation to 20/100 or better) was calculated for patients treated with fibrinolytic and conservative therapies and those who received no treatment. RESULTS We obtained summary statistics from 7 studies that included 396 patients who received no treatment after CRAO and from 8 studies that included 419 patients treated with ocular massage, anterior chamber paracentesis, and/or hemodilution (conservative treatment). Patient-level data were obtained for 147 patients treated with systemic fibrinolysis. We found that fibrinolysis was beneficial at 4.5 hours or earlier after symptom onset compared with the natural history group (17 of 34 [50.0%] vs 70 of 396 [17.7%]; odds ratio, 4.7 [95% CI, 2.3-9.6]; P < .001). Absolute risk reduction was 32.3%, with a number needed to treat of 4.0 (95% CI, 2.6-6.6). We also found that conservative treatment significantly worsened visual acuity outcomes and recovery rates after CRAO compared with the natural history group (31 of 419 [7.4%; 95% CI, 3.7%-11.1%] vs 70 of 396 [17.7%; 95% CI, 13.9%-21.4%]; P < .001; number needed to harm, 10.0 [95% CI, 6.8-17.4]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our analysis suggests that a clinical trial of early systemic fibrinolytic therapy for CRAO is warranted and that conservative treatments are futile and may be harmful.
Neural Correlates of Trial-to-Trial Fluctuations in Response Caution

Trial-to-trial variability in decision making can be caused by variability in information processing as well as by variability in response caution. In this paper, we study which neural components code for trial-to-trial adjustments in response caution using a new computational approach that quantifies response caution on a single-trial level. We found that the frontostriatal network updates the amount of response caution. In particular, when human participants were required to respond quickly, we found a positive correlation between trial-to-trial fluctuations in response caution and the hemodynamic response in the presupplementary motor area and dorsal anterior cingulate. In contrast, on trials that required a change from a speeded response mode to a more accurate response mode or vice versa, we found a positive correlation between response caution and hemodynamic response in the anterior cingulate proper. These results indicate that for each decision, response caution is set through corticobasal ganglia functioning, but that individual choices differ according to the mechanisms that trigger changes in response caution.
FAULT AND EVENT-TREE TECHNIQUES IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-SAFETY SYSTEMS - PART I: INTEGRATED RISK-EVALUATION SCHEME

Fault-Trees (FT) and Event-Trees (ET) are well recognized techniques worldwide, which have been used by reliability experts in failure analysis of complex technical systems. In risk assessment (RA) of Occupational Health-Safety Systems (OHSS), the situation is absolutely different, since their application is not quite expanded and has not been extensively incorporated in the main risk assessment methodologies of OHSSs, despite their significance. In this article, we review and classify FT/ET methods, and also study and elaborate their characteristics (i), and on the other side, we propose an alternative risk-evaluation scheme (ii), in order to (a) depict the subsistent situation of FT/ET application in various occupational fields, and (b) enhance their handling and usage in RA of OHSS. To reinforce the second aim, we implement a new risk-evaluation framework by the combination of a FT (or ET) process with a stochastic quantified risk-evaluation model. The paper consists of tree sections, including: (1) a literature review of thirteen representative scientific journals, published by Elsevier_B. V. and IEEE_Inc. , during the years 20002012, and concentrated on the main categories of FT/ET techniques concerning OHSS RA, (2) an overview for the FT/ET techniques in RA and (3) a proposed risk-evaluation concept using FT/ETs.
Phosphate biomineralization in mid-Neoproterozoic protists

The origin and expansion of biomineralization in eukaryotes played a critical role in Earth history, linking biological and geochemical processes. However, the onset of this phenomenon is poorly constrained due to a limited early fossil record of biomineralization. Although macroscopic evidence for biomineralization is not known until the late Ediacaran, we here report biologically controlled phosphatic biomineralization of scale microfossils from mid-Neoproterozoic (pre-Sturtian) strata of northwest Canada. Primary biological control on mineralization is supported by the identification of apatite in both chert-hosted and limestone-hosted specimens, the conspicuously rigid original morphology of the scale microfossils relative to co-occurring organic-walled cyanobacteria and acritarchs, and the microstructure of the constituent phosphate. Cell-enveloping mineralized scales occur in a wide range of extant protists, but the apparent restriction of phosphate scales to one modern taxon of green algae suggests a possible affiliation for these fossils. Documentation of primary phosphate biomineralization in Fifteenmile Group (Yukon Territory, Canada) microfossils greatly extends the known record of biologically controlled mineralization and provides a unique window into the diversity of early eukaryotes.
Investigation of excretion and absorption of different zinc salts in puppies

The effects of dietary zinc on zinc absorption and excretion were evaluated with six 12-week-old beagles. The dogs were fed a commercial dry food later supplemented with 2 and 4 mg/kg of body weight per day of either zinc sulphate, zinc acetate or zinc oxide. The concentrations of zinc in the urine and faeces of all treatment groups were increased depending on the type of zinc salts and the dosage in the diet (P < 0.05). The apparent absorption of zinc salts ranged from 0.20 to 0.36. The zinc salt supplements at both dosages did not affect the digestibility of crude protein, fat and fibre. The zinc concentration in plasma varied with the type of zinc salt and with the dosage. The mean concentrations ranged from 61 ± 1.46 µg to 73 ± 1.57 µg/dl in the unsupplemented groups, whereas it was 115 ± 2.33 µg/dl in the group supplemented with zinc acetate at the highest dosage.
Promotion of Efficient Use of Energy

The Department of Energy funded the Alliance to Save Energy to promote the efficient use of energy under a multiyear cooperative agreement. This funding allowed the Alliance to be innovative and flexible in its program development, and to initiate and enhance projects it would otherwise not have been able to pursue. The program period was 1999 through 2004. The mission of the Alliance to Save Energy is to promote energy efficiency domestically and worldwide. The Alliance followed this mission by working closely with consumers, government, policy makers, and energy efficient product and service providers. The projects that were initiated by the Alliance included communication and consumer education, policy analysis and research, the promotion of interaction among the energy efficiency industry, and international energy efficiency programs. The funding from the Department of Energy allowed the Alliance to study new issues in energy efficiency, draw public attention to those issues, and create targeted programs, such as the Efficient Windows Collaborative or the Green Schools program, which now function on their own to promote energy efficiency in important areas.
Differences between Private and Public Sector Employees’ Psychological Contracts

The extent to which private and public sector employees differ in the importance they attach to different types of inducements being part of their employment deal and their evaluations of these inducements is studied. We focus on five content dimensions of the psychological contract: career development opportunities, job content, financial rewards, social atmosphere and respect for private life. Data from a survey of 4956 Belgian employees show that, compared to private sector employees, public sector employees are motivated by other inducements. In particular, they attach less importance to career development opportunities and financial rewards promises in their psychological contracts, and perceive these promises as less fulfilled.
Cancer‐related relationship communication in couples coping with early stage breast cancer

This longitudinal study examined the association between three types of communication strategies couples may use to handle stressors they experience during and after breast cancer treatment and psychological distress and relationship satisfaction of women with early stage breast cancer and their partners. Mutual constructive communication, mutual avoidance, and demand–withdraw communication strategies as well as psychological distress and marital satisfaction were rated by 147 patients and 127 partners during cancer treatment and 9 months later. Mutual constructive communication was associated with less distress and more relationship satisfaction for both patient and partner. Demand–withdraw communication was associated with higher distress and lower relationship satisfaction for both patient and partner. Mutual avoidance was associated with more distress for patient and partner but was not associated with relationship satisfaction. The negative association between mutual constructive communication and patient distress was stronger for patients with more physical impairment. Patients' perceptions of mutual constructive communication and mutual avoidance were associated with partners' distress, and patients' perceptions of mutual constructive and demand/withdraw communication were associated with partners' marital satisfaction. Clinical implications for couple‐focused communication skills training for cancer patients and their partners are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnancy outcome after age 40 and risk of low birth weight

Summary A historical cohort study was conducted to examine the pregnancy outcome in women aged 40 or older and determine the effect of age on low birth weight. The pregnancy outcomes of 789 mothers aged 40 years or older were analysed and compared with those of 20,852 mothers aged 20–34 years. There were differences in socioeconomic status and obstetric characteristics between the two groups. The older group had more medical and obstetric complications (diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, malpresentation, pregnancy-induced hypertension, placenta praevia, multiple pregnancies, pre-term labour, fetal distress, retained placenta, postpartum haemorrhage and endometritis), more adverse fetal outcomes (low birth weight, low Apgar scores and congenital anomalies) and a higher caesarean section rate. The multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that maternal age was an independent risk factor for low birth weight. These data will be useful in counselling patients about their expectations and the risk of adverse outcomes and in providing the appropriate necessary care.
Early Impressions of the CLER Program: A Survey of the Designated Institutional Official Community.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) established the Clinical Learning Environment Review (CLER) Program in 2012. The purpose of the CLER Program is to provide the clinical learning environments (CLEs) that serve as the sites for the education of more than 120 000 residents and fellows in ACGME-accredited programs with periodic feedback that addresses 6 focus areas: patient safety, health care quality, care transitions, supervision, duty hours/fatigue management and mitigation, and professionalism. The aim is to present information to promote discussions and actions to optimize the educational experience of residents and fellows in the CLER focus areas and to improve patient care. CLER staff surveyed designated institutional officials (DIOs) from the initial round of CLER visits to assess early perceptions of the CLER Program and its initial effects. CLER site visits are structured to involve interviews with graduate medical education (GME) and CLE executive leadership, the organization’s leaders in patient safety and health care quality, residents and fellows, faculty members, and program directors, along with observations and interview data gathered during walking rounds of the site’s clinical units. At the conclusion of the visit, GME and CLE executive leadership receive an oral report of findings in the 6 focus areas, followed by a written report with a detailed set of observations to help target improvement efforts. As part of a systematic effort to improve the CLER Program, an online survey was distributed in September 2015 to DIOs of the 297 ACGME-accredited sponsoring institutions (SIs) with 3 or more ACGMEaccredited core programs that had an initial CLER visit (September 2012–March 2015). The purpose was to assess perceptions of the first round of CLER visits and the changes made by each institution to improve its CLE.
Key governance issues for funded nonprofit organisations in Queensland

The past two decades has seen a rise in the expectations of governors of organisations that operate within Australia. Nonprofit organisations are not immune from these pressures and often face unique and challenging contexts when implementing good governance. As a major funder of nonprofit organisations throughout Queensland, three government departments, namely Queensland Health, the Department of Communities, and Disabilities Services Queensland, sought to better understand the challenges facing the nonprofit organisations with whom they work. In 2007, The Australian Centre for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Studies (CPNS) conducted a governance development survey on behalf of these three Departments to identify the most common training and development needs for Boards/Management Committees (Boards/MCs) of relevant nonprofit organisations. Consultations with the Departments and a client reference group identified a series of 18 relevant governance topic areas which formed the basis of the survey items. Participants were asked to outline 1. the current competence of their Board/MC in each topic area; 2. the level of importance of each topic area; and 3. their level of interest in learning and development or materials for each topic area The survey was sent to the Boards/MCs of 835 organisations and we received 565 useable responses from individuals within these organisations. Participants represented a diverse range of organisations and a diverse range of governance arrangements. The exception to this generalisation was the organisation’s legal form - approximately 84% were Incorporated Associations. Participants were mostly female, unpaid, on no other Board/MC and consider themselves independent from management. Participants reported having relatively lower levels of expertise in the domains or disciplines of Law and Finance/Accounting than other salient domains.