Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative LifeCycle Analysis of Bioenergy Pathways: Celluosic Ethanol vs Biomass Electricity

2 Acknowledgements . 4 1. Introduction . 7 1.1. Motivation . 9 1.2. Contributions . 9 1.3. Thesis structure . 10 2. Literature Review . 11 2.1. Comparing LCA of different bioenergy systems . 12 2.2. Uncertainties in LCA of bio‐energy systems . 13 3. Methodology . 16 3.1. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of individual pathways . 18 3.1.1. Switchgrass Agriculture . 18 3.1.2. Biomass collection and transportation . 22 3.1.3. Bio‐refinery process . 23 3.1. 4. Ethanol Transport and Distribution . 26 3.1. 5. Ethanol Use in Flex Fuel Vehicle (FFVs) . 27 3.1. 6. Biomass Electricity Conversion Process . 27 3.2. Framework for Bioenergy Systems Comparison . 28 3.2.1. Comparison ‐ Emissions offset per hectare (ha) of land . 29 3.2.2. Comparison ‐ Emissions offset per kilometer (km) driven . 30 4. Results . 31 4.1. Switchgrass Agriculture ‐ Energy Use & GHG Emissions . 31 4.3. Ethanol –Net Energy Ratio & GHG Emissions . 33 4.3. Biomass Electricity: Net Energy Ratio and GHG Emissions . 34 4.4. Comparison ‐ Emissions offset per hectare of land . 35 4.5. Comparison ‐ Emissions offset per kilometer (km) driven . 38 4.6. Regional Variability . 40 5. Conclusions . 45 5.1. Key Findings . 45 5.2. Limitation and Future Work . 46 References . 47 Appendix 1 – Conversion /GHG Factors . 52
Using the Right Emotion to Promote the Right Product to the Right Person

This article deals with the ego-other-focus dimension of emotions–referring to the degree to which people see themselves as independent from or interdependent with others– and addresses the question which emotions should be used to promote specific products or to persuade a specific group of people. The findings of the experiment suggest that for a privately consumed product, ads evoking an ego-focused emotion scored better than ads evoking an other-focused emotion, whereas the reverse was true for a publicly consumed product. However, this interaction effect was only present for extravert and not for introvert respondents. Theoretical and practical implications, together with some future research ideas are suggested.
The collection of Nematomorpha in the Zoological Museum Hamburg, including description of a new species, Chordodes jelkae sp. n.

The collection of horsehair worms in the Zoological Museum of the Centrum für Naturkunde (CeNak) of the University of Hamburg has been revised. All specimens have been investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A total of 173 specimens from 135 catalogue entries is present in the collection, these represent 39 species from 10 genera (Gordius, Chordodes, Paragordius, Parachordodes, Gordionus, Acutogordius, Beatogordius, Paragordionus, Pseudochordodes, Nectonema). Previous revisions of the Nematomorpha material have been done in 1893 by Römer and in 1935 by Heinze. A number of species could not be determined to species level, either because characters were not preserved well enough or because observed characters did not fit available species descriptions. This does account in particular for the genus Gordius, where diagnostic characters are few and great uncertainties exist concerning the status of certain species. Therefore, within this genus, many records were only determined as Gordius sp. , including some specimens that had previously been determined to species level. One new species is described from the material of the collection. This species is named Chordodes jelkae sp. n. and it is characterized by the presence of an apical tuft of bristles on simple areoles in combination with the absence of thorn areoles. The holotype of Chordodes pilosus Möbius, 1855 was reinvestigated, and its species identity cannot be determined unambiguously. Therefore the name Chordodes pilosus is considered a nomen dubium. Key Words
Optimization Carbopol And Glycerol As Basis Of Hand Gel Antiseptics Extract Ethanol Ceremai Leaf (Phyllantus Acidus (L.) Skeels) With Simplex Lattice Design

Ceremai leaf ( Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) is the one of the potential plant which contain flavonoid that had antibacterial activity. Carbopol is a gelling agent that is easily dispersible in water and provide consistency to the gel, while the glycerin is a humectant that can improve the softness of the gel. Carbopol can provide viscosity / hardness in the gel it is necessary to combine with glycerin to soften the gel and the increase of the spread The aims of this research to know the optimum composition from carbopol and gliserol in antiseptic gel formulation of ceremai leaf ethanol extract by Simplex Lattice Design (SLD). The method of extraction used maseration method with ethanol 70 % solvent. extract made of gel with components carbopol 940(0-100%) and glycerin(0-100%) with respond criteria physical properties such as pH, spreadability, sticking and protection power. The optimum formulated based on Simplex Lattice Design was the combination of carbopol 50 % : glycerol 50 %. Optimum results are obtained gel has a good physical properties. The test results showed that the effectiveness of antiseptic hand gels have generated a good antiseptic. Acceptability test results showed that the gel can be accepted by society.
Increasing learners’ satisfaction/intention to adopt more e-learning

Purpose: E-learning is an organisationally risky investment given the cost and poor levels of adoption by users. In order to gain a better understanding of this problem, a study was conducted into the use of e-learning in a rail organisation. Design/methodology/approach: Using an online survey, employees of a rail-sector organisation were questioned about their use and likelihood of adoption of e-learning. This study explores the factors that affect the way in which learners experience and perceive such systems. Using statistical analysis, twelve hypotheses are tested and explored. Relationships between learning satisfaction, intention to adopt and the characteristics of e-learning systems were established. Findings: The study found that e-learning characteristics can buffer the relationship between learner characteristics and intention to adopt further e-learning in the future. Further, we found that high levels of support can compensate individuals who are low in technological efficacy to adopt e-learning. Research limitations/implications: The cross-sectional design of the study and its focus on measuring intention to adopt as opposed to actual adoption are both limitations. Future research using longitudinal design and research employing a time lag design measuring actual adoption as well as intention are recommended. Practical implications: From a practical perspective, organizations can focus on the actual content and authenticity of the learning experience delivered by the e-learning system to significantly impact how employees will perceive and use e-learning in the future. Low technological efficacy individuals tend not to adopt new technology. Instead of changing individuals’ personalities, organizations can implement supportive policies and practices which would lead to higher e-learning adoption rate among low efficacy individuals. Originality/value: The study integrates technology adoption and learning literatures in developing enablers for e-learning in organizations. Further, this study collects data from rail employees, and therefore the findings are practical to an industry.
Simultaneous Enrichment of Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria monocytogenes by Single Broth and Screening of the Pathogens by Multiplex Real-time PCR

Simultaneous enrichment broth (SEB) was developed for the single-enrichment simultaneous screening of six major food poisoning bacteria. After enrichment in SEB for 18 h at 37°C, viable counts of six major food poisoning bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria monocytogenes) were sufficient for 5' nuclease multiplex real-time PCR assay using existing primers and probes. By labeling the probes with three different fluorescent dyes, the assay could be carried out in 2 tubes. The whole process, including enrichment and PCR, was completed within 24 h and the detection limits for the target bacteria from the food sample (boiled chicken) were 36 cfu/25 g for S. aureus, 5.3 cfu/25 g for Salmonella spp, 2.9 cfu/25 g for E. coli O157:H7, 2.0 cfu/25 g for V. parahaemolyticus, 5.5 cfu/25 g for B. cereus, and 6.2 cfu/25 g for L. monocytogenes. The results were comparable to conventional methods that require 4-6 days.
Identification and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)Isolated from Probiotic Drinks in Malaysia

Many studies have shown that probiotic strains added to a number of probiotic products are not compatible to that of claimed. It is thus of note to validate probiotic strains added to probiotic products. In this study, three probiotic drinks, A, B and C, were cultured on MRS agar and the number of bacterial colonies was enumerated. The bacterial counts recovered from A (9.3 ± 6.9 log CFU/ml) and C (9.0 ± 6.9 log CFU/ml) were significantly higher than B (5.2 ± 3.5 log CFU/ml) and achieved the minimal amount recommended for probiotic bacteria. All of the isolates appeared as gram positive rods microscopically and were proven to be catalase negative. However, there were only A1, A2, B4 and C1 that were highly tolerant to the gastrointestinal pH 3 to 6. The four isolates produced and secreted antimicrobial substances which inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). C1 showed the greatest growth inhibition by forming 17.50-mm and 17.85-mm inhibition zones against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The 16s rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed to further identify the twelve isolates. The twelve isolates were found to be Lactobacillus (L.), particularly L. casei and L. paracasei. However, the bacteria isolated from drink B were incompatible to the labelled ones. In conclusion, probiotic drinks are possible to contain different bacterial counts and probiotic strains from the labelled ones. These differences might affect health benefi ts rendered by probiotic strains to consumers. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.17576/JSKM-2015-1301-04
Anxiety and Depression: A Study of People with Leprosy In Sokoto, North- Western Nigeria

Background: This study was prompted by the heightened reports of anxiety and depression among people with skin diseases in clinical settings. Aim: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among people with leprosy and identify associated socio-demographic and clinical variables. Materials and Methods: This is a 2-stage cross-sectional study among leprosy patients living in a leprosy camp in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria. The instruments used are General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Data were analysed using the 15th version of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 15). Results: All the 235 participants that met the inclusion criteria were interviewed. Female gender, older age at onset of illness, having no spouse, unemployment, longer duration of illness, shorter years of primary/quranic education and non-completion of the full treatment course of Multiple Drug Therapy (MDT) showed significant association with various psychiatric disorders in this study. Thirty-three (14%) had moderate depressive episode, 13 (5.5%) had severe depressive episode, 45 (19.2%) had generalized anxiety disorder and 21 (8.9%) had mixed anxiety and depressive disorder. Conclusion: Certain socio-demographic and clinical factors strongly associated with depression and anxiety in people with leprosy.Therefore, the need for psychiatric evaluation among people with leprosy cannot be overemphasized as this will provide holistic approach in the management of the patients.
Fluorescent pseudomonads: Milestones achieved in the last two decades

Environmental concerns have led to the need of sustainable use of natural resources. The conventional agriculture practice caused considerable pollution and unavoidable impacts on soil, water, animal as well as human health. Fluorescent pseudomonads, a group of root-associated bacteria that can colonize the roots of crop plants and produce antifungal metabolites represent a real alternative to the application of chemical fungicides. Fluorescent pseudomonads have been studied for decades for their plant growth-promoting effects through effective suppression of soil borne plant diseases. During root colonization, these bacteria produce antifungal antibiotics that can indirectly suppress fungal pathogens by scavenging iron in the rhizosphere environment through the release of siderophores, elicit induced systemic resistance in the host plant or interfere specifically with fungal pathogenicity factors. Before engaging in these activities, the bacteria go through several regulatory processes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Current genomic analyses of rhizosphere competence and biocontrol traits of fluorescent pseudomonads will likely lead to the development of novel tools for effective management of deleterious phytopathogens and a better exploitation of their plant-beneficial properties for sustainable agriculture. This review addresses the main findings on fluorescent pseudomonads for the last two decades. It summarizes and discusses significant aspects of this general topic, including taxonomic status, genetic diversity of fluorescent pseudomonads in India, different mechanisms of biological control and commercial use of fluorescent pseudomonads in agriculture.
CYCLIC RESPONSE AND NONLINAR MODELING OF EXTERIOR UNREINFORCED RC BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS WITH PLAIN LONGITUDINAL BARS

Abstract. The seismic performance of existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames is significantly affected by the behaviour of beam-column intersections involved in the collapse mechanism, especially in non-conforming buildings with poor structural detailing or completely unreinforced joints. Even if a quite significant amount of studies on seismic performance of unreinforced joints has been carried out in last years, a very limited number of them deals with specimens reinforced with plain hook-ended longitudinal bars, widespread in Italian and Mediterranean building stock, or with the analysis of local aspects, such as the evaluation of joint shear strains. The majority of the models proposed in literature to simulate the cyclic behaviour of RC joints were developed and calibrated by means of tests performed on elements with deformed bars. Thus, these models may be not adequate for elements with hookended plain bars, especially due to the peculiarities in the interaction mechanisms between concrete and steel for this bar typology. This study first analyses the cyclic experimental tests of four full-scale exterior unreinforced RC beam-column joints with longitudinal plain bars in beams and columns carried out by the authors, in continuity with a previous experimental campaign. The specimens mainly differ for joint aspect ratio and beam longitudinal reinforcement ratio. Global and local responses of such tests are analyzed. The joint deformation mechanisms – rotation at the interface between beam/columns and joint, and shear deformation of the joint panel – are also analyzed. Then, a numerical modelling approach is carried out by OpenSees software to reproduce the experimental cyclic response. Bond-slip is particularly taken into account by introducing a slip spring whose properties are calculated using a bond-slip model properly proposed in literature for plain bars. The numerical results are presented and finally compared with the experimental results highlighting the influence of nonlinear response of joint panel and bondslip mechanism in the response of the sub-assemblage.
LEAF EXTRACELLULAR ASCORBATE METABOLISM IN RELATION TO O 3 TOLERANCE IN TWO SOYBEAN CULTIVARS

Cheng, Fang-yi. Leaf extracellular ascorbate metabolism in relation to O3 tolerance in two soybean cultivars. (Under the direction of Dr. Kent O. Burkey.) Antioxidants in the leaf apoplast have the potential to detoxify ozone (O3) and active oxygen species (AOS), and thus may play a role in preventing plant injury. To investigate this possibility, two experiments were conducted to compare antioxidant metabolism in the leaf extracellular spaces of O3-tolerant (Essex) and O3-sensitive (Forrest) cultivars of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]. In the first experiment, a canopy profile consisting of the 2nd, 4th and 6th main stem trifoliates was sampled from plants grown for four weeks in a greenhouse supplied with charcoal-filtered air (CF) to assess genetic and leaf age effects under low stress conditions. In general, apoplastic ascorbate (AA) levels were low (≤ 30 nmol AA g FW) in both cultivars. Apoplastic dehydroascorbate (DHA) levels were higher (> 50 nmol DHA g FW) relative to AA, particularly in younger leaves (250-450 nmol DHA g FW), resulting in a low ascorbate redox state. Ascorbate oxidase (AO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were found in leaf apoplast samples, suggesting that the enzymes played a role in maintaining ascorbate primarily in the oxidized state. In the second experiment, the second main stem trifoliates of four week-old plants were compared in the two genotypes following exposure to CF or elevated O3 conditions. Following a six-day treatment period with 77 ppb O3 for 7 h d, foliar injury was greater in O3-treated Forrest than in Essex, and total leaf guaiacol peroxidase activity was correlated with the greater O3 sensitivity of Forrest. Under both CF and elevated O3 conditions, there was a significantly higher apoplastic total antioxidant capacity in Essex than in Forrest correlating with greater O3 tolerance. Although reduced AA concentration was greater in apoplasts sample from O3-treated Essex than Forrest, the difference (6.5 nmol g FW) was unlikely to play a major role in the differential O3 sensitivity of these two cultivars. Apoplast AA was generally less than 30% of the total antioxidant capacity found in apoplast samples, suggesting that other antioxidants might be involved in the detoxification of O3 in the extracellular space in these soybean cultivars. LEAF EXTRACELLULAR ASCORBATE METABOLISM IN RELATION TO O3 TOLERANCE IN TWO SOYBEAN CULTIVARS By Fang-yi Cheng A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCE RALEIGH 2004 APPROVED BY: Fitzgerald L. Booker Marcia L. Gumpertz Kent O. Burkey, Chair of Advisory Committee
Solution of a Class of Optimization Problems Based on Hyperbolic Penalty Dynamic Framework

In this study, a gradient-based dynamic system is constructed in order to solve a certain class of optimization problems. For this purpose, the hyperbolic penalty function is used. Firstly, the constrained optimization problem is replaced with an equivalent unconstrained optimization problem via the hyperbolic penalty function. Thereafter, the nonlinear dynamic model is defined by using the derivative of the unconstrained optimization problem with respect to decision variables. To solve the resulting differential system, a steepest descent search technique is used. Finally, some numerical examples are presented for illustrating the performance of the nonlinear hyperbolic penalty dynamic system.
When Life Really Is A Stage: A Test Of Objectification Theory Using Dancers And Non-dancers

This study tested a model of objectification theory proposed by Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) as it applies to disordered eating in a sample of dancers and non-dancers. The methods in this study are based on a previous test of objectification theory done by Tiggeman and Slater (2001). Two samples of participants were given a survey to measure self-objectification and its anticipated consequences. The first sample included 155 women who participated in either ballet, modern, jazz, or hip-hop dance. The second sample included 199 women enrolled in undergraduate classes at the University of Central Florida during the fall semester of 2004. Participants in the two samples did not score differently on the measure of self-objectification. However, dancers scored significantly higher on the self-surveillance, body shame, appearance anxiety, flow, awareness of internal body states, and disordered eating measures than the non-dancers. None of the proposed mediating variables were found to mediate the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating in either sample.
Large population evolutionary games played within a life history framework

In many evolutionary games, such as parental care games, the length of time spent playing a realisation of the game is dependent on the strategy of an individual. Also, the payoff of a deserting male cannot be defined in isolation from the strategies used in the population as a whole. Such games should be defined as games against the field (large population games) rather than two-player games. Several examples are presented to illustrate the theory of such games against the field.
The impact of social context on the perception of dental appearance in 8-9 years old children

Background : Several studies have tried to clarify the role that malocclusion has on an individual’s selfconcept or on level of satisfaction with one’s dental or facial appearance, but little research on psycho-social attitudes towards malocclusion has been conducted on pre-adolescent children. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic status (SES) on the perception of dental appearance in third-grade school-children. Methods : A pilot survey was conducted in 2008 in order to collect data from a representative sample of 101 eight-nine years-old children (62 M - 39 F), examined by trained orthodontists. Each child filled in the Children’s Orthodontic Attitude Survey (COAS) questionnaire, and then they were examined by 3 residents. The clinical parameters were correlated with the questionnaire findings and with the SES. The latter was assessed using a previously validated scale, graded into classes from I to V reflecting the parents’ job activity. Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 12.0 for Windows, using Chi Square Test for nominal variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for ordinal scales. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results : A statistical association was found between clinical status and SES only for the Oral Hygiene level (p = 0.022). Chi-Square test also showed a statistically significant association between SES and R.O. M.A. Index (p = 0.009). The relation between questionnaire findings and SES was significantly observed only for the following question “Does the way your teeth look bother you” (p = 0.022). Conclusions : Familial SES is not a determinant in children’s satisfaction with dental appearance. Children with different SES demonstrate they have almost completely the same approach towards braces.