Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pig farming systems and cysticercosis in Northern Uganda

Les systèmes rudimentaires d’élevage de porcs, non orientés vers le marché, ont été impliqués dans la persistance de la cysticercose a Taenia spp. , maladie endémique présentant un grave problème de santé publique en Ouganda. Nous avons étudié la seroprevalence et les principaux facteurs prédisposant de la maladie à Moyo et à Lira, deux districts producteurs de porcs au nord du pays. Des enquêtes sérologiques transversales ont été menées dans 428 élevages porcins (Moyo, 262 ; Lira, 166). Deux porcs adultes étaient gardés en moyenne par troupeau. En milieu rural ils étaient souvent attachés, la divagation étant occasionnelle. Le confinement en enclos était observé en milieu périurbain. Les animaux étaient principalement alimentés avec des résidus de culture et des fourrages pendant la saison des pluies, et des restes d’aliment des ménages et les résidus de culture en saison sèche. La majorité des éleveurs de l’enquête étaient des femmes (55 %) âgées de plus de 45 ans ; 51 % des éleveurs avaient le niveau de l’école primaire. Au total 723 échantillons sériques porcins ont été prélevés (Moyo, 403 ; Lira, 320). Ils ont été analysés pour la détection des antigènes de Taenia spp. en utilisant le test B158C11A10/B60H8A4 Elisa-antigène. La séroprevalence animale totale de l’antigène sérique de Taenia spp. était de 10,4 % (intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 4,9–17,6). Elle a été la plus élevée à Moyo avec 13,2 % (IC a 95 % : 7,1–21,2) vs 6,9 % (IC à 95 % : 2,9–13,9) à Lira. La seroprevalence au niveau du troupeau a été estimée à 13,7 % (CI 95 % : 9,8– 18,5) à Moyo vs 11,4 % (CI 95 % : 7,0–17,2) à Lira. Parmi les 12 variables explicatives évaluées pour l’association avec la seroprevalence observée, seul le district d’origine était significatif (p = 0,01). Les porcs originaires de Lira étaient un facteur protecteur contre la cysticercose a Taenia spp. (odds ratio : 0,54). Ces résultats ont souligné le besoin urgent de mettre en place des mesures de lutte pour minimiser le risque de transmission aux consommateurs de porc dans ces districts.
Follicular blood flow, antrum growth and angiogenic mediators in mares from ovulation to deviation

This study assumed that vascular perfusion, antrum growth, leptin, nitric oxide (NO) and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) play an important role during selection and deviation of mares’ next dominant follicle. Five broad mares were subjected to daily rectal Doppler ultrasonographic examination and blood sampling for 2 successive estrous cycles (n = 10). Using electronic calipers, three diameters were taken to estimate area and volume of first (F1O) and second large follicles (F2O) on the ovulated ovary with first (F1C) and second large follicles (F2C) on contralateral ovary. Follicles’ area, circumference, antrum area, area of colorand powerDoppler were measured in pixels. Days after ovulation affected significantly (P < 0.0001) follicles blood flow, dimensions and measured hormones. On day 4 after ovulation, the follicle that had a mean diameter of 1.31 ± 0.06 and reached to 1.41 ± 0.06 cm on day 5, the lowest area/cm (1.38 ± 0.18), highest area/pixsel (10229 ± 366), antrum/pixel (7671 ± 357), highest volume (5.54 ± 0.09), lowest power blood flow area (2060.25 ± 8.52) and percent colored pixels of follicle without antrum (80.57 ± 0.72) was selected. Deviation started from day 9 and completed on day 10 where the dominant follicle attained the highest diameter, area, volume, area and antrum area in pixels, color blood flow red area, and percent of colored pixels of follicle without its antrum, leptin, IGF-1 and NO but the lowest power blood flow area and percent of total follicle colored pixels. Our assumption that follicle selection and deviation did not depend only on diameter but also on blood flow, antrum growth, leptin and IGF-1 was proved.
Structural Studies in the Archaean Sargur and Dharwar Supracrustal Rocks of the Karnataka Craton

Structural studies in the linear supracrustal belts and adjacent Peninsular Gneiss in the areas of Sargur, Holenarsipur and Chitradurga have revealed Land S tectonites and related structures, which are attributed to phases of deformation SgDl, SgD2 and SgD3 in the older Sargur Group and DhDI, DhD2 and DhD3 in the younger Dharwar Supergroup. These phases gave rise to comparable patterns of strain in each group, the deformation taking place with similar timing relative to metamorphism. Metamorphic grade is higher (middle to upper amphibolite facies) in the Sargur Group and lower (upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies) in the Dharwar Supergroup: the higher grade assemblages in the Sargur Group show some degree of retrogression. The structures and fabrics in both groups may either be of approximately the same age (SgD1=DhDl, SgD2=DhD2, SgD3=DhD3) or more probably, the SgDI, SgD2 and SgD3 structures and fabrics in the Sargur Group may be older and were rotated into parallelism with younger structures formed in the Dharwar Supergroup during phases of deformation DhD1 and DhD2 that gave rise to the present form of the linear belts of supracrustal rocks extending from Sargur to Chitradurga. Some aspects of the Archaean tectonometamorphic evolution of the Karnataka Craton are discussed in the light of these alternatives.
Polyphenolic profile, and antioxidant and antifungal activities of honey products in Benin

The aim of this study was to characterize polyphenolic compounds, antifungal and antioxidant activities of polyfloral honey collected from three different phytogeographical zones in Benin duing dry and rainy seasons. Spectrophotometrically at 517 nm, DPPH scavenging activity of tested samples was measured, while antifungal activity, total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins were evaluted by Dohou, Singleton and Zhishen methods, and a slightly modified method of Sun, respectively. Results revealed that only season has significant influence (P <0.05) on the flavonoids content and total phenols. The highest total phenols (781 ± 46 µgGAE/gs) and flavonoids (528 ± 31 µgCE/g) contents were obtained respectively from honey samples of the rainy and dry seasons. The samples collected in the rainy season in the three zones, have better antifungal activity than those collected in the dry season. The lowest IC50 recorded was 27.58 ± 4.44 μg. µl-1 which showed that the highest antioxidant activity can be found in honey samples of the rainy season collected from the Sudanian zone. Overall, this study confirms that all investigated honey samples were good sources of polyphenolic compounds, and exhibit antifungal and antioxidant actvities. Keywords: Antifungal, antiioxidant, honey, Benin.
Interorganizational use of building information models: potential for automational, informational and transformational effects

Numerous potential barriers to the interorganizational use of building information models (BIMs) have been reported. These potential barriers are technological and organizational. Further, potential barriers are specific to building information models and general to the diffusion of innovation. In spite of potential barriers, there is interorganizational use of BIMs in Finland. The research was carried out in Finland, and investigated organizations' existing and planned interorganizational use of BIMs. The research revealed the potential for interorganizational use of BIMs to enable three types of effects. These are automational effects, informational effects and transformational effects. The generalizability of findings is restricted by at least three factors. First, the research involved only 20 organizations. Second, the research was carried out in one country. Third, the research participants had previously developed skills which can contribute to the interorganizational use of BIMs. Notwithstanding these limitations, consideration of findings suggests that there are few, if any, fundamental barriers to the achievement of automational, informational and/or transformational effects.
Unbound Kreisman Working Paper Series in Housing Law and Policy Working Papers 2016 Stimulating Housing Markets

This paper studies temporary policy incentives designed to address capital overhang by inducing asset demand from buyers in the private market. Using variation across local geographies in ex ante program exposure and a difference-in-differences design, we find that the First-Time Homebuyer Credit induced a cumulative increase in home sales of at least 382 thousand, or 7.4 percent, nationally. We find little evidence of a sharp reversal of the policy response; instead, demand appears to come from several years in the future. The program likely sped the process of reallocating homes from distressed sellers to high value buyers and stabilized house prices. The response is concentrated in the existing home sales market, implying the stimulative effects of the program were less important than its role in accelerating reallocation. ∗We thank Andrew Abel, Jediphi Cabal, Erik Hurst, Anil Kashyap, Ben Keys, Adam Looney, Matt Notowodigdo, Christopher Palmer, Jonathan Parker, Amit Seru, Johannes Stroebel, Amir Sufi, Joe Vavra, Rob Vishny, Owen Zidar and seminar and conference participants for comments, ideas, and help with data. Tom Cui, Prab Upadrashta, and Iris Song provided excellent research assistance. The views expressed here are ours and do not necessarily reflect those of the US Treasury Office of Tax Analysis, nor the IRS Office of Research, Analysis and Statistics. Zwick gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Neubauer Family Foundation, Initiative on Global Markets, and Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago.
sing quizzes to enhance summative-assessment performance in a web-based lass : An experimental study

The testing effect—a mnemonic benefit of quizzing or testing—has been oft-demonstrated in the laboratory, but rarely evaluated experimentally in the classroom. In a college web-based class, using a within-subjects design, core target concepts were quizzed with multiple choice and short-answer questions, presented for reading, or not presented (no additional-exposure control). Multiple attempts on each quiz (and in the read-control) were encouraged and feedback was available after each. When exam questions were identical to earlier-seen quizzes, short answer and multiple choice quizzes enhanced exam performance over rereading targeted material. When examination questions were different but
Word Reading Processing In Children: A Functional MRI Study At 1.5 T

Functional MRI is a tool for investigating brain function non-invasively. Our study addresses the question whether functional MRI can be used in children to differentiate activated brain areas in phonological tasks. A set of hierarchically structured reading tasks was used in 17 healthy right-handed children (median 14y 1m). FMRI was acquired during perception of letter strings, silent reading of non-words, silent reading of words, and during performance of a task with phonological transformation using a T2* weighted GRE sequence with three slices (TR/TE/α 68ms/50ms/10°). Postprocessing was done using SPM99. Activation was observed only in Broca's area while silent reading of real words. Phonological strategies (non-word reading and transformation task) resulted in activation in the frontal and temporal regions, as well as bilaterally in Broca`s area in the inferior frontal gyrus. Conclusion: The observed activation patterns in children are different to reported areas in adults. This could be caused by the stronger use of the grapheme-to-phoneme mapping as a serial process in children in contrast to adults.
Investment Cost Channel and Monetary Transmission

We show that a standard DSGE model with investment cost channels has important model stability and policy implications. Our analysis suggests that in economies characterized by supply side well as demand side channels of monetary transmission, policymakers may have to resort to a much more aggressive stand against inflation to obtain locally unique equilibrium. In such an environment targeting output gap may cause model instability. We also show that it is difficult to distinguish between the New Keynesian model and labor cost channel only case, while with investment cost channel differences are more significant. This result is important as it suggests that if one does not take into account the investment cost channel, one is underestimating the importance of supply side effects.
Household portfolio choices and nonlinear income risk∗

Recent evidence on earnings dynamics shows that the income risk that households face is highly nonlinear. This paper empirically examines the role of uninsurable, asymmetric earnings risk on household portfolio decisions over the life cycle. I motivate the analysis by studying the implications of nonlinear earnings dynamics in a portfolio choice model with participation costs. I then develop a flexible semi-structural framework to empirically quantify the transmission of persistent, time-varying income shocks to household stock market participation and portfolio choice decisions. Portfolio and participation rules are modelled as age-dependent functions of the latent earnings components, wealth, and unobserved taste or cost shifters. I provide conditions that guarantee nonparametric identification, and propose a tractable, simulation-based estimation algorithm. Using recent waves of PSID data, I find that variations in income uncertainty drive heterogeneous extensive and intensive margin responses to an income shock across households. My results underscore the importance of past earnings histories and the size and durability of current income shocks as drivers for household stock market participation and portfolio choices, and suggest the presence of per-period participation costs.
Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil and Plantsof Polish Peat Bogs

Our study was carried out on three peat bogs that since the 1960s have been subjected to different degrees of anthropopression. The main objective of the research was assessment of heavy metal accumulation potential in peat bogs and in leaves of species growing on these peat bogs, namely Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), birch (Betula pendula Roth), and wild rosemary (Ledum palustre L.). The concentrations of lead and cadmium in peat of Bagno Bruch (the Upper Silesian Industrial Region) exceeded the permissible levels for soils of protected natural areas. Heavy metal concentrations in plants growing in all analyzed sites show no toxic levels. Among the examined species, birch showed the highest ability to accumulate cadmium and zinc.
Do Parenting Styles Affect Children’s Oral Health in Saudi Arabia?

Objective The purpose of the study is to correlate the parenting styles of parents with the oral health of their children, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Study design Two hundred and eighty healthy preschool children, who have never been to the dentist, were recruited. Parenting style was determined by the Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and simplified debris index (DI-S) were used for the diagnosis of dental caries and oral hygiene of the children respectively. Results Two parenting styles were identified among Saudi parents; authoritative (94%, n = 265) and permissive (6%, n = 17). The majority of children were brushing by themselves (n = 130, 46.1%) and once per day (n = 163, 57.8%). Significant correlations were detected between parenting style and children’s brushing times (P-value of 0.016) and the number of meals consumed by children (P-value of 0.031). The age of the child and oral hygiene score were significantly correlated to dental caries (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion Two parenting styles were identified among Saudi parents. Parenting style influenced the child’s oral health but not significantly. Early childhood caries and fair to poor oral hygiene were commonly detected among children. Clinically interesting correlations were identified regarding factors affecting the child’s oral health status.
Instrumental oscillations in RHESSI count rates during solar flares

Aims. We seek to illustrate the analysis problems posed by RHESSI spacecraft motion by studying persistent instrumental oscillations found in the lightcurves measured by RHESSI's X-ray detectors in the 6-12 keV and 12-25 keV energy range during the decay phase of the flares of 2004 November 4 and 6. Methods. The various motions of the RHESSI spacecraft which may contribute to the manifestation of oscillations are studied. The response of each detector in turn is also investigated. Results. We find that on 2004 November 6 the observed oscillations correspond to the nutation period of the RHESSI instrument. These oscillations are of greatest amplitude for detector 5, while in the lightcurves of many other detectors the oscillations are small or undetectable. We also find that the variation in detector pointing is much larger during this flare than the counterexample of 2004 November 4. Conclusions. Sufficiently large nutation motions of the RHESSI spacecraft lead to clearly observable oscillations in count rates, posing a significant hazard for data analysis. This issue is particularly problematic for detector 5 due to its design characteristics. Dynamic correction of the RHESSI counts, accounting for the livetime, data gaps, and the transmission of the bi-grid collimator of each detector, is required to overcome this issue. These corrections should be applied to all future oscillation studies.
Noninvasive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in Chronic Refractory Pain: A Systematic Review

Efficacy and tolerance of pharmacological medications in chronic pain are limited. Therefore, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is regarded as a secure therapeutic option for pain relief, and it was proven to produce an analgesic effect. A wide variety of stimulation parameters can influence its long-lasting antalgic effect. Defining the best stimulation protocol can afford greater uniformity and consistency for considering rTMS as a promising effective tool. We aimed to systematically review and evaluate the current literature on transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients suffering from chronic pain, assess its efficacy, and estimate the best stimulation protocol. The Screened and tested electronic databases comprised PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane database library, and Google scholar from the year 2000 till 2018. The keywords utilizing search terms “Transcranial magnetic stimulation”, “chronic pain”, “neuropathic pain” were used to study all possible randomized clinical trials about the impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on long-lasting pain. All articles were judged for the possibility of prejudice using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for data extraction. Search engines produced seventy applicable results. Twelve randomized controlled clinical trials were included involving 350 patients with focal and generalized chronic pain. An existing proof showed a null response of low-frequency rTMS stimulation, rTMS delivered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in chronic pain patients. However, a witnessed pain-killing response was documented when applying active high- frequency TMS on the motor cortex M1 area compared to sham. Pain relief was detected for a short time following the application of active high-frequency motor cortex stimulation in nine clinical trials, and the long-lasting analgesic effect was proved. No side effects were mentioned for the technique. Repetitive TMS can produce clinically meaningful relief from chronic pain, despite positive results, heterogeneity among all studies preclude firm conclusions regarding the optimal target stimulation site and parameters. Further studies are required to minimize bias, enhance performance, and define the best brain stimulation conditions and qualifications to maximize its potency.
Enhancing self-brand connection in service firms with special reference to commercial banks in Sri Lanka

The main aim of this research study is to investigate the drivers of Self-Brand Connection (SBC) in service organisations. The findings of this study can be useful to form strong and enduring SBC in service firms, which will bring various benefits to service business. Literature review suggests Satisfaction, Trust, Affective Commitment and Rapport are the drivers of SBC. This study investigates SBC in the context of banks, and the data was collected from 451 customers of Sri Lankan commercial banks. A structural equation model was run to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that, of the drivers, Satisfaction, Trust and Affective Commitment significantly enhanced SBC in commercial banks. Based on these findings, implications to theory and practice have been discussed.
Self-Calibration of Two-Dimensional Precision Metrology Systems

In modern industry, there usually exist high-precision stages, such as reticle stages and wafer stages in VLSI lithography tools, metrology stages in coordinate measurement machines, motion stages in CNC machine tools, etc. These stages need high-precision measurement/metrology systems for monitoring its XY movement. As the metrology systems are quite accurate, we often cannot find a standard tool with better accuracy to implement a traditional calibration process for systematic measurement error (i.e., stage error) determination and measurement accuracy compensation. Subsequently, selfcalibration technology is developed to meet this challenge and to solve the calibration problem. In this chapter, we study the self-calibration of two-dimensional precision metrology systems and present a holistic self-calibration strategy. This strategy utilizes three measurement views of an artifact plate with mark positions not precisely known on the un-calibrated two-dimensional metrology stage and constructs relevant symmetry, transitivity, and redundancy of the stage error of the metrology stage. The misalign‐ ment errors of all measurement views, especially including those of the translation view, are totally determined by detailed mathematical manipulations. Then, a redundant equation group is synthesized, and a least-square–based robust estimation law is employed to calculate out the stage error even under the existence of random measure‐ ment noise. Furthermore, as the determination of the misalignment error components of the measurement views is rather complicated but important in previous and the proposed methods, this chapter also significantly analyzes the necessity of this costly computa‐ tion. The proposed approach is investigated by simulation computation, and the simulation results prove that the proposed determination scheme can calculate out the stage error rather exactly without random measurement noise. Furthermore, when there exist various random measurement noises, the calibration accuracy of the proposed strategy is also investigated, and the results illustrate that the standard deviations of the calibration error are consistently with the same level of those of the random measure‐ ment noises. All these results verify that the proposed scheme can realize the stage error rather accurately even under the existence of random measurement noise. The practical © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. procedure for performing a standard self-calibration is also introduced for engineers to facilitate actual implementation.
Circle averages and disjointness in typical translation surfaces on every Teichmüller disc

We prove that on the typical translation surface the flow in almost every pair of directions are not isomorphic to each other and are in fact disjoint. It was not known if there were any translation surfaces other than torus covers with this property. We provide an application to the convergence of ‘circle averages’ for the flow (away from a sequence of radii of density 0) for such surfaces. Even the density of a sequence of ‘circles’ was only known in a few special examples.