Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RECURRENT AND EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVES IN THYROIDECTOMY

lL\LBs, L B. REBVII T. S. , MYHILL, J., and DOWDA, K. (1967), "Seasonal Changes In Endemic Goiter Areas In New South Wales". In Proceedings of the Third Asia and Oceania Congress of Endocrinology, ManUa, 1967, Part II, edited by Lltonjua, A. D. : 600. HINTZE. G. P.• FORTELIUS, P., and R.uLo, J. (1964>, "Epidemic Thyroiditis", Acta. endocrinoJ., 45: 381. LoNDON, W. T., KOUTRAS, D. A., P1lBSSMAN, A. and VOUGHT. R. L. (1965), "Epidemiologic and Metabollc Studies of a Goiter Endemic In Eastern Kentucky", J. eUn. Endocr. , 25 : 1091. SUTTON, H. (1923). "Recent Progress In ChUd Hygiene". MBD. J. AUST. , 1: 253.
ARE YOU TALKING TO ME? WHY BIM ALONE IS NOT THE ANSWER

In contemporary building practice, the hegemony of 2D-based design communication is gradually being challenged by the possibilities offered by integrated 3D design environments and digital interfaces. The upcoming application of building information modeling (BIM) offers a way out of the current Babylonian plurality of non-compatible modeling-languages in order to push software developers and users to convert towards one common industry standard for data exchange. It is a clear aim of those propagating the use of BIM to strengthen the interaction of design teams and to assist facilities management through common standards for increased interoperability and data-management from the early design stage to completion and operation of a building. Current BIM capabilities rather seem to lie in the area of design documentation and post-design rationalization than triggering new design solutions. This paper sheds light on the status-quo of BIM and questions how designers can complement the current BIM capabilities to increase design-communication and a more seamless flow of information between various parties in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC).
Temporal Characteristics of Nasalization: Language Specific or Not?

We read with interest excellent paper by Ha and Kuehn (2011) in which they reported their study on temporal characteristics of nasalization between English speakers with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP6L). They demonstrated that measurements of nasalization duration in English speakers with CP6L are more extensive rather than that of English speakers without CP6L. This result was also consistent with study of the Ha et al. (2004), which surveyed temporal characteristics of nasalization inKorean children with and without CP6L (Ha and Kuehn, 2011). However, some investigations suggest that the degree of coarticulated nasality is language specific and that different languages may show different patterns of timing, magnitude, duration, and velocity of velopharyngeal movements. The English and Korean languages are similar in terms of nasalization durations and acoustic temporal measures. It should be noted that the English and Korean languages have similar nasal consonants (/m, n, n/) and no phonemically nasalized vowels or diphthongs (Ha and Kuehn, 2006). Performing an investigation on temporal patterns of nasalization in Persian childrenwith andwithoutCP6Lwe found the same results. Our results indicated that Persian children with CP6L have significantly longer nasalization duration than children without CP6L (Baghban et al., 2015). Although the Persian language has two nasal consonants (/m, n/), similar to the Korean and English languages, there are no phonemically nasalized vowels or diphthongs. Our study, as well as the study of Ha et al. (2004), showed that the vowel /i/ context would better show the difference between children with and without CP6L in terms of nasalization durations. Thus, it seems that these three languages (English, Korean, and Persian) have similar temporal patterns of nasalization, so more investigation needs to be performed to prove the language-specific nature of nasalization. Until then, language specificness of temporal characteristics should be noted with caution, at least in languages that have common nasal consonants. These comparisons give us a better view of similarities and differences between languages in the area of temporal patterns of nasalization in speakers with and without CP6L, and this could be basis for more diagnostic activities.
Ultrasound‐Enhanced Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Phase I. Findings of the CLOTBUST Trial

Background. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) activity may be enhanced with ultrasound, potentially 2 MHz transcranial Doppler (TCD). The authors present Phase I data of the CLOTBUST (Combined Lysis of Thrombus in Brain ischemia using transcranial Ultrasound and Systemic TPA). Subjects and Methods. Nonrandomized stroke patients with proximal arterial occlusion on a prebolus TCD receiving intravenous 0.9 mg/kg TPA within 3 hours after stroke onset were monitored with portable diagnostic TCD equipment and a standard headframe. Complete recanalization was defined as thrombolysis in brain ischemia (TIBI) flow grades 4–5. Results. 55 patients (mean age 69 ± 15 years, median baseline NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS] 18, range 4–29, 90% with 39 points) were treated at 125 ± 36 minutes from symptom onset. TCD monitoring began at 117 ± 39 minutes. Complete recanalization on TCD within 2 hours after bolus was found in 20 patients (36%). Dramatic recovery (NIHSS score = 3) occurred in 20% at 2 hours and in 24% at 24ours. Overall improvement by = 4 NIHSS points was found in9% at 24 hours. Improvement was associated with recanalization during or shortly after TPA infusion (•r 2= .5, P=03); however, in 6/20 patients with complete recanalization (30%), no immediate clinical change was noticed within 2 hours. Overall symptomatic hemorrhage rate was 5.5%. Conclusions. Continuous TCD insonation for up to 2 hours at maximum intensities allowed by current bio‐safety guidelines is safe. Dramatic recovery and complete recanalization shortly after TPA bolus are feasible goals for thrombolysis given with TCD monitoring.
Connectivity of the pedunculopontine nucleus in parkinsonian freezing of gait

Parkinson's disease (PD) may involve sudden unintended arrests in gait or failure to initiate gait, known as gait freezing. Deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) has been found to be an effective therapy for this phenomenon. In this study, we characterized the connectivity of the PPN freezing of gait (FOG) patients, compared with non-FOG PD and healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging techniques. Differences in PPN connectivity profiles of the study groups were shown in the cerebellum and pons. The PPN showed connectivity with the cerebellum in controls and non-FOG PD. FOG patients showed absence of cerebellar connectivity, and increased visibility of the decussation of corticopontine fibres in the anterior pons. The findings suggest that corticopontine projections, which cross at the pons are increased in gait freezing, highlighting the importance and role of corticopontine–cerebellar pathways in the pathophysiology of this phenomenon.
Dielectric properties of epoxy composites containing Si/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles

This work deals with the study of epoxy composites containing Si/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles for insulation applications. Neat epoxy and epoxy based samples filled with micro and/or nanometric Si/SiO2 core/shell particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dielectric spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) as well as erosion and dielectric breakdown tests. Electron microscope observation showed a thin layer of sediment (20 µm) with higher concentration of Si/SiO2 on the surface of the composite. The results showed that the presence of Si/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles somewhat improves resistance to erosion, dielectric properties, and thermal resistivity of the epoxy composite.
Peritoneal stromal endometriosis: a detailed morphological analysis of a large series of cases of a common and under-recognised form of endometriosis

Aims: It is generally considered that an unequivocal histological diagnosis of endometriosis requires the presence of endometrioid-type glands and endometrioid-type stroma. However, small nodules or plaques of endometrioid-type stroma without glands have been noticed by the authors in repeated peritoneal biopsies performed for suspected endometriosis. These are often, but not always, accompanied by typical endometriosis with glands. This form of endometriosis has been previously referred to as stromal or micronodular stromal endometriosis. However, there has been little reference to this condition in the literature. Methods: In this study, there was a review of a large series (n = 274) of peritoneal biopsies with a diagnosis of endometriosis with a view to ascertaining the frequency of stromal endometriosis. Results: Stromal endometriosis, characterised histologically by small microscopic nodules or plaques of endometrioid-type stroma, sometimes with a whorled pattern and prominent vascularity and erythrocyte extravasation, was identified in 44.9% of the biopsies. In 6.6% of the biopsies, stromal endometriosis occurred without typical endometriosis. The foci of stromal endometriosis usually had a superficial location just beneath the mesothelial surface or protruding above this. Associated histological features present in some cases included reactive mesothelial proliferation, inflammation, giant cell or granuloma formation, haemosiderin pigment deposition, microcalcification and decidualisation and myxoid change. Conclusions: Stromal endometriosis, usually in the form of superficial nodules or plaques, is a relatively common form of endometriosis which typically occurs in association with typical endometriosis but occasionally on its own. Pathologists should be aware of the existence of this form of endometriosis, the morphological features of which may be subtle. The typical location, intimately associated with surface mesothelium, may suggest that stromal endometriosis derives from mesothelial or submesothelial cells via a metaplastic process.
AvrB mutants lose both virulence and avirulence activities on soybean and Arabidopsis

The Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea effector protein AvrB induces resistance responses in soybean varieties that contain the resistance gene Rpg1‐b and Arabidopsis varieties that carry RPM1. In addition to this avirulence activity, AvrB also enhances bacterial virulence on soybean plants that lack Rpg1‐b and induces a chlorotic phenotype on Arabidopsis plants that lack RPM1. We screened a library of avrB mutants for loss of avirulence on soybean and Arabidopsis, and assayed selected avirulence mutants for loss of virulence on both plants. All mutants screened were recognized similarly on both plant species. Nine single‐site avrB mutations that affected avirulence localized to a solvent‐accessible pocket in the protein structure. Seven of these mutated residues are absolutely conserved between AvrB and its nine homologues. Avirulence mutants generally lost virulence enhancement on susceptible soybean varieties and lost the ability to induce a chlorotic response on the rpm1 null Arabidopsis variety Mt‐0. Three of four avirulence mutants tested failed to interact with RIN4, an Arabidopsis protein previously shown to be required for RPM1 function. Our results suggest that soybean and Arabidopsis recognize AvrB in the same manner, and that AvrB enzymatic activity is required for its function as an avirulence and virulence effector on two different plant species.
Nursing Student Self-efficacy in Psychomotor Skills: Findings From a Validation, Longitudinal, and Correlational Study

Student perceptions of self-efficacy (SE) prevent stress and burnout and improve engagement in nursing education, thus increasing learning outcomes. The study aims were to (1) validate a scale measuring nursing SE in psychomotor skills (NSE-PS), (2) describe changes in NSE-PS over time, and (3) explore NSE-PS correlations with burnout and engagement. A total of 1117 nursing students participated. A significant increase in the NSE-PS scores over the years has emerged; in addition, all NSE-PS dimensions were correlated negatively with burnout and positively with engagement.
Isolation and Characterization of Heavy Metal Resistant Fungal Isolates from Industrial Soil in China

The soil contamination with the heavy metals is the growing concern throughout the world as the result of industrial, mining, agricultural and domestic activities. The fungi are the most common and efficient group of the heavy metal resistant microbial family which have potential for metal bioleaching. The present study was aimed on the isolation and phenotypic characterization of the heavy metal resistant fungal strains. All the strains were grown on SDA, CYA, MEA media and genotypic characterization of all the strains were performed by using specific Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) sequencing examination. Different strains were identified as Rhizomucor pusillus F1 (WF), Rhizomucor pusillus F2 (YBF), Aspergillus flavus F3 (LG), Aspergillus terreus F4 (YF), Aspergillus tubingensis F5 (BF) and Neosartorya hiratsukae F6 (DG). The present study reveals that the heavy metals contaminated industrial soil might be considered as a precious natural source of resistant fungal strains, which can be used significantly as a bioleaching or bioremediation tool.
Melanoma in organ transplant recipients: The old enemy finds a new battleground

Population registry data and published studies have demonstrated that melanomas in the transplant population occur 1.6–2.5 times more commonly compared with the general population. Studies examining possible risk factors have suggested that in this patient population, there is an increased number of melanocytic naevi. Whether this phenomenon is aetiologically related to subsequent melanoma development is currently unclear. Only one study examined the prognosis of melanomas in this population. The Israel Penn International Transplant Tumor Registry has collated patient data voluntarily submitted by transplant physicians throughout the USA since 1968. Analysis of melanomas in this study found that approximately half were Breslow thickness >1.51 mm. Overall, there was a high rate of nodal and distant metastases, with poorer 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates compared with the general population. There is a paucity of good‐quality evidence regarding melanoma in organ transplant recipients. Further research involving international collaborative trials, particularly on risk factors and the prognosis of melanomas in this population, could present a more substantial evidence base from which treatment guidelines based on data could be developed.
Preprocessing study of retinal image based on component extraction

Extracting the clear retinal image information is a prerequisite for diagnosing the patientpsilas conditions exactly in clinic. In order to extract the clear retinal image with less data as assistant diagnosis, the histogram equalization preprocessing of colored retinal image is researched based on its features. The clarity is observed and analyzed by comparing equalization images of the colored retinal imagepsilas gray image, red component image, green component image and blue component image. Equalization images of the green component image is the most clear one, followed by equalization images of the colored retinal image, red component image and blue component image. The green component image not only holds the basic feature of the original color image with its data compressed down to 1/3, but also is more convenient to acquire.
A useless raffle.

A mailed questionnaire was sent to 2712 subjects asking about respiratory symptoms, and a raffle for three prizes of 50 pounds, 30 pounds, and 20 pounds was organised. The response rate in the 1762 who were told about the raffle was no higher than for 950 subjects who served as controls.
Prevention of Posttransplant Cytomegalovirus Disease and Related Outcomes with Valganciclovir: A Systematic Review

The precise impact of valganciclovir as preventive therapy for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is not fully defined. Data from studies using valganciclovir as preemptive therapy or prophylaxis for CMV in SOT recipients were synthesized for descriptive analysis. CMV disease occurred in 2.6% and 9.9% of the patients receiving valganciclovir as preemptive therapy and prophylaxis, respectively. Although the incidence of early‐onset (≤90 days posttransplant) CMV disease was only 0.8% and 1.2% in all patients and R–/D+ patients receiving valganciclovir prophylaxis, the incidence of late‐onset (>90 days posttransplant) CMV disease rose up to 8.9% and 17.7% in the prophylactic group, respectively. On the contrary, no patients developed late‐onset CMV disease in preemptive group. Both approaches with valganciclovir have successfully decreased CMV disease in SOT recipients. Late‐onset CMV disease is a complication observed uniquely with valganciclovir prophylaxis, particularly in R–/D+ patients, but not with preemptive therapy.
Using paradata to explore item level response times in surveys

Summary. We analyse item level keystroke data from cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth, which is a survey on fertility and related topics that is conducted in the USA. The National Survey of Family Growth is conducted among both males and females by using computer‐assisted personal visit interviews and an audio computer‐assisted self‐interviewing component for the most sensitive topics. Our analyses focus on the time taken to answer a question as a function of item level characteristics, respondent characteristics and interviewer characteristics. Using multilevel models, we explore how these factors influence response times. Our exploratory study suggests that factors at all three levels (item, respondent and interviewer) influence response times. These results demonstrate that question features that explain variation in response times can be automatically derived from standard computer‐assisted personal interviewing paradata. The effects of respondent characteristics that we observe are in line with prior findings from more controlled studies conducted in supervised telephone facilities. Some demographic characteristics of interviewers contributed to the variation in response times, though they failed to explain large portions of the between‐interviewer variance.
Effect of body mass index on cardiorespiratory fitness in young healthy males

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased substantially over the past few decades in younger population. Unfavorable cardiovascular risk profiles are found in youth with low levels of cardiovascular fitness and high percentage of body fat. Numerous clinical studies have established a strong association between low cardio respiratory fitness and mortality (1, 2, 3). Numerous risk factors for CVD including hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia are suspected to be influenced by fitness (4, 5) and these factors may mediate the association between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality. Cardiovascular diseases account for a large proportion of mortality in adults older than 45 yrs (6). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is the highest rate of oxygen consumption attained during maximal or exhaustive exercise. VO2max is internationally accepted parameter to evaluate cardio respiratory fitness (7). The use of direct method to measure VO2max is restricted because of its exhausting and difficult experimental protocol and absence of well-equipped laboratory. Earlier studies have established the use of Queen’s College Step Test to predict VO2max indirectly (8). Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Energy dense cheap foods, labor-saving devices, motorised transport and sedentary work in the present time has led to obesity. Obesity can be assessed in several ways. Measurements of body weight (anthropometry) are used to reflect body fat in clinical settings as these measurements provide rapid and cheap way to estimate body fat (9). Earlier studies have demonstrated the importance of low cardio respiratory fitness in young adulthood as a factor for developing cardio respiratory comorbidities later in middle age (10). This study is designed to evaluate cardio respiratory fitness in terms of VO2max and its relation with body mass index in young healthy male subjects.
Author ' s personal copy Price elasticity of demand for broadband : Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean

In this study the authors analyze fixed broadband retail prices in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and provide estimates about the effect of price changes on broadband adoption. The analysis is based on a survey of plans and tariffs conducted by the authors during Q2 2010. Their results suggest that fixed broadband services in LAC are generally expensive and of poor quality when benchmarked against Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, although there is significant variance between markets in the region. In order to isolate the effect of prices on broadband adoption they use an instrumental-variable approach. Their findings show that broadband demand is relatively elastic to price in LAC but not in the OECD. They estimate that an average price reduction of 10% would result in an increase of almost 22% in the penetration rate in LAC, equivalent to almost 8.5 million additional broadband connections. Several policy implications result from these findings. First, national broadband policies in LAC should pay a closer attention to a deficit of competition in fixed broadband services, as households and firms face high prices for poor quality services, thus deterring adoption. Second, while their findings generally suggest that price reductions could significantly increase penetration, they elasticity estimates reveal that price effects might not be sufficient to achieve the penetration goals set in national broadband plans. This validates the need for complementary policy strategies that affect other determinants of broadband demand. The example of Brazil is used to illustrate this finding. & 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Detecting Unintended Schottky Junctions and Their Impact on Tunnel FET Characteristics

We demonstrate in this paper a fast and simple method for evidencing and classifying the ambipolar response of tunneling-based field effect transistors in pull-down (nFET-like) and pull-up (pFET-like) modes. This technique enables to unequivocally determine whether carrier injection on either side of the device occurs via band-to-band-tunneling or single carrier tunneling through a Schottky barrier. It was applied to Silicon On Insulator (SOI) and SiGeOI tunnel FETs, which were fabricated to be nominally identical, yet showed a discrepancy of several orders of magnitude in ON-state current. The electrostatic analysis of their respective ambipolar signature revealed that the high-drive-current devices were in fact operating like Schottky barrier FETs in the pull-up mode due to a silicidation defect occurring only on the n-doped side. These new findings bring about a reassessment of previously published results in terms of on current--subthreshold swing tradeoff perspectives for nanowire SiGe pTFETs. On the other hand, the resulting unintended asymmetrical device geometry suggests a possible route to fabricating Schottky barrier FETs with reduced parasitic leakage.