Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ( NDVI ) improving species distribution models : an example with the neotropical genus Coccocypselum ( Rubiaceae )

Predictive models of species distributions use occurrence records and environmental data to produce a model of the species requirements and a map of its potential geographical distribution. This work analyses the contribution of remote sensing data, specifically the NDVI, for species distribution models, based on the taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Coccocypselum. GARP were use inside the OpenModeller to develop species distribution maps of five Coccocypselum species in the Brazilian territory. We generated two sets of models: using climate and topographic raster grids as environmental data, and a second one adding NDVI values. Presence and absence sample points statically evaluated the models, and for all species, Kappa values were higher than 0.5, indicating a good fit of the models. The sample size influenced the Mann-Whitney test, but it proved that species distribution models including NDVI were slightly better than models without NDVI. Despite this work is not conclusive, it contributes to generate better environmental data for ecological modeling.
Computation of drag and lift coefficients for simple two-dimensional objects with Reynolds number Re = 420 000

The article deals with comparison of drag and lift coefficients for simple two-dimensional objects, which are often discussed in fluid mechanics fundamentals books. The commercial CFD software ANSYS/FLUENT 13 was used for computation of flow fields around the objects and determination of the drag and lift coefficients. The flow fields of the two-dimensional objects were computed for velocity up to 160 km per hour and Reynolds number Re = 420 000.Main purpose was to verify the suggested computational domain and model settings for further more complex objects geometries. The more complex profiles are used to stabilize asymmetrical ('z'-shaped) pantographs of high-speed trains. The trains are used in two-way traffic where the pantographs have to operate with the same characteristics in both directions. Results of the CFD computations show oscillation of the drag and lift coefficients over time. The results are compared with theoretical and experimental data and discussed. Some examples are presented in the paper.
Conditional Goal-Setting as a Mediator in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Well-Being

Mindfulness is defined as the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment (Kabat-Zinn, 2003). Current research on mindfulness has begun to focus on how mindfulness works by identifying the various mechanisms through which it facilitates well-being (e.g., Carmody, Baer, Lykins, & Olendzki, 2009; Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Holzel et al., 2011 ). The present study examined if engaging less in conditional goal-getting (CGS) is one of the mechanisms of action of mindfulness. Conditional goal-setting (GCS) occurs when individuals have become highly committed to accomplishing certain concrete (lower-order) goals because of a belief or conception that happiness or their self-worth (a more abstract and higher-order goal) is dependent or contingent upon the attainment of those concrete goals (Mcintosh & Martin, 1992). The present study tested whether conditional goal-setting would mediate the relationship between mindfulness and the four well-being outcomes of depression, rumination, positive affect, and negative affect. One hundred and seventy-seven Eastern Illinois University students participated in the study through an online survey. The results of the study demonstrated that the relationship between mindfulness and each of the four wellbeing outcomes was partially mediated by conditional goal-setting. Clinical implications of the research, limitations, and suggestions for future studies were discussed. 2 CONDITIONAL GOAL-SETTING AND MINDFULNESS 3
Interactive comment on “Comparison of CO2 from NOAA Carbon Tracker reanalysis model and satellites over Africa” by Anteneh Getachew Mengistu and Gizaw

Reviewer’s comments: The authors evaluated two versions of the Carbon Tracker inversion system by comparing its posterior simulation with satellite XCO2 retrievals over the African continent. This regional focus is interesting but the paper is loosely written and often reads like a technical report. Throughout the text, there are many vague or awkward expressions that induce misleading or erroneous statements. There are both some small repetitions and some out of scope paragraphs (e.g., the parts about growth rate).
Like it or not - The Recruitment Practises of Today A qualitative study on how Social Network Sites are used within recruitment

This paper investigates how technology in the interaction with humans is situated in practice and creates possibilities and new practices within organizations. In particular, this study explores how the technology of Social Network Sites (SNSs) is used within recruitment processes. The paper uses a qualitative method and is based on two case studies, where a private and a public organization are compared. Data has been collected by conducting 18 interviews with a field researcher and respondents within the two organizations. Additionally, SNSs posts and internal documents from the organizations have been collected. The paper uses a sociomateriality and affordance lens to analyse the collected data and identifies four functions of SNSs in relation to SNSs affordances. In addition, this paper reveals that practices within recruitment are being established in imbrication between humans and technology, in relation to the different SNSs functions, but depending on organizational context, individual context and the relation between SNSs affordances. This paper contributes to new insights in the research field since previous research has not focused on how practices have been situated, but rather on the implications of SNSs usage within recruitment.
The influence of ice sheets on temperature during the past 38 million years inferred from a one-dimensional ice sheet-climate model

Abstract. Since the inception of the Antarctic ice sheet at the Eocene–Oligocene transition (∼ 34 Myr ago), land ice has played a crucial role in Earth's climate. Through feedbacks in the climate system, land ice variability modifies atmospheric temperature changes induced by orbital, topographical, and greenhouse gas variations. Quantification of these feedbacks on long timescales has hitherto scarcely been undertaken. In this study, we use a zonally averaged energy balance climate model bidirectionally coupled to a one-dimensional ice sheet model, capturing the ice–albedo and surface–height–temperature feedbacks. Potentially important transient changes in topographic boundary conditions by tectonics and erosion are not taken into account but are briefly discussed. The relative simplicity of the coupled model allows us to perform integrations over the past 38 Myr in a fully transient fashion using a benthic oxygen isotope record as forcing to inversely simulate CO2. Firstly, we find that the results of the simulations over the past 5 Myr are dependent on whether the model run is started at 5 or 38 Myr ago. This is because the relation between CO2 and temperature is subject to hysteresis. When the climate cools from very high CO2 levels, as in the longer transient 38 Myr run, temperatures in the lower CO2 range of the past 5 Myr are higher than when the climate is initialised at low temperatures. Consequently, the modelled CO2 concentrations depend on the initial state. Taking the realistic warm initialisation into account, we come to a best estimate of CO2, temperature, ice-volume-equivalent sea level, and benthic δ18O over the past 38 Myr. Secondly, we study the influence of ice sheets on the evolution of global temperature and polar amplification by comparing runs with ice sheet–climate interaction switched on and off. By passing only albedo or surface height changes to the climate model, we can distinguish the separate effects of the ice–albedo and surface–height–temperature feedbacks. We find that ice volume variability has a strong enhancing effect on atmospheric temperature changes, particularly in the regions where the ice sheets are located. As a result, polar amplification in the Northern Hemisphere decreases towards warmer climates as there is little land ice left to melt. Conversely, decay of the Antarctic ice sheet increases polar amplification in the Southern Hemisphere in the high-CO2 regime. Our results also show that in cooler climates than the pre-industrial, the ice–albedo feedback predominates the surface–height–temperature feedback, while in warmer climates they are more equal in strength.
Growth, nodulation and yield components of mung bean (Vigna radiata) as affected by phosphorus in combination with rhizobium inoculation

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen through bacteria living in its root nodules. To study the influence of phosphorus (P) fertilization and Rhizobium inoculation on the nodulation, growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata), a pot experiment was conducted in wire house, during spring season of 2010 at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. A composite soil sample was collected from the research area and analysis of physical and chemical properties of the soil was done. Seeds of mungbean cv, NM-92 were inoculated with Rhizobium and sown in pots containing 14 kg soil. Phosphorus was applied at 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 g per 14 kg soil in each pot alone and along with inoculation of Rhizobium phaseoli except in control pot. The source of P was single super phosphate that was mixed with soil before filling the pots. It was noted that combined use of P and inoculant enhanced the number of nodules per plant. The maximum nodules, 8.67 per plant, were recorded where 3.6 g P along with Rhizobium inoculation was applied. Phosphorus application along with Rhizobium inoculation increased the plant height significantly (13.2%) over control. Maximum increase in plant height at maturity, total number of pods and number of grains per pod were also recorded where 3.6 g of phosphorus along with Rhizobium inoculation was applied.
Comparisons between different techniques for measuring mass segregation

We examine the performance of four different methods which are used to measure mass segregation in star-forming regions: the radial variation of the mass function $\mathcal{M}_{\rm MF}$; the minimum spanning tree-based $\Lambda_{\rm MSR}$ method; the local surface density $\Sigma_{\rm LDR}$ method; and the $\Omega_{\rm GSR}$ technique, which isolates groups of stars and determines whether the most massive star in each group is more centrally concentrated than the average star. All four methods have been proposed in the literature as techniques for quantifying mass segregation, yet they routinely produce contradictory results as they do not all measure the same thing. We apply each method to synthetic star-forming regions to determine when and why they have shortcomings. When a star-forming region is smooth and centrally concentrated, all four methods correctly identify mass segregation when it is present. However, if the region is spatially substructured, the $\Omega_{\rm GSR}$ method fails because it arbitrarily defines groups in the hierarchical distribution, and usually discards positional information for many of the most massive stars in the region. We also show that the $\Lambda_{\rm MSR}$ and $\Sigma_{\rm LDR}$ methods can sometimes produce apparently contradictory results, because they use different definitions of mass segregation. We conclude that only $\Lambda_{\rm MSR}$ measures mass segregation in the classical sense (without the need for defining the centre of the region), although $\Sigma_{\rm LDR}$ does place limits on the amount of previous dynamical evolution in a star-forming region.
Pod yield stability and adaptation of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes evaluated in multi - environmental trials in Zimbabwe

Twenty-five groundnut genotypes were evaluated to identify the types of Genotype-Environment-Interaction (GEI) for pod yield. Genotypes were evaluated under multi-environmental yield trial conducted in 2013/14 season at five environments. The objectives of the experiment were to: identify genotypes with high pod yield stability, to identify genotypes with specific/wide adaptation, identify groundnut mega environments and identify an ideal environment. ANOVA was performed using GenStat Version 14. The results of the ANOVA indicate that there was GEI. The environments (E) and the interaction between the genotype and the environment were significant. GGE biplot analysis for yield data was the performed. The partitioning of GGE through GGE bi-plot analysis indicated that principal coordinate 1 and 2 (PC1 and PC2) explained 59.22 and 20.17% of GGE sum of squares, respectively, explaining 79.39% of the total variation. This large percentage variability of GGE (79.39%) accounted by the bi-plot indicates that there was complex GEI. The environment and genotype explained 58.8 and 6.1% respectively of the total treatment variance, while the genotype by environment interaction accounted for 35.1%, indicating that the environment had huge influence on genotype performance. The results revealed the existence of mega-environments, most ideal environment and genotypes with specific and others with wide adaptation. The results indicate that certain genotypes may be released for commercial production in specific environments based on their performance. Key words: Groundnut, genotypes, pod-yield, multi-environmental trial, genotype x environment interaction, discriminating, representative.
Food prices and household welfare: A pseudo panel approach

The last years have seen an extra-ordinary surge in food prices and volatility. The academic literature on its consequences currently focuses on the eect of high food prices in specic regional and time contexts. This paper contributes to this literature in two ways: First, the analysis attempts to decompose the eect of global food prices on household welfare { i.e. is the eect driven by the trend, uctuation around a trend, volatility or episodes of sustained price increases/decreases? Second, the paper extends the geographical and time perspective on this issue and attempts to provide a worldwide picture of the impact of the recent surge in food prices. By taking a pseudo panel approach to this topic, this paper can make use of a large amount of household information which is available from repeated cross sections of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The data subject to this analysis contain information on about 500,000 individuals from 38 countries over a period of 20 years. Instead of following individuals over time as in a standard panel set-up, cohorts are followed over time. To remedy bias from measurement error in the context of the pseudo panel, the Verbeek-Nijman (1992) estimator, a variant of Deaton (1985)’s errorsin-variables model, is applied. The empirical analysis shows that adverse eects of food prices on household welfare are transmitted through both short term-uctuation in prices (volatility, period-to-period changes) as well as permanent price shocks (trend, episodes of sustained price increases). There is mixed evidence on the impact of short-term uctuations
The Impact of Anonymity and Group Identification on Progroup Behavior in Computer-Mediated Groups

To contribute to the examination of the effects of computer-mediated communication (CMC) on collaborative work, the impact of anonymity on willingness to exert effort on behalf of a group was examined. Two aspects of anonymity were independently manipulated: visibility of respondents (not visible, visible) and visibility of responses (not visible, visible) to the in-group. The role of degree of identification as moderator of anonymity effects was also examined. The results show that anonymity manipulations affect group members’effort on behalf of the group, but only when group identification is low. Low identifiers chose to work harder with the group either when they were totally anonymous or when they were totally visible to other in-group members. The implications of the results for the understanding of group processes through CMC are discussed.
Loan Loss Provisions, Income Smooth, Signaling, Capital Management and Pro-Cyclicality. Empirical Evidence from Mozambique’s Commercial Banks

The aim of this study is to provide the first empirical evidence of income smoothing, capital management, signaling, and pro-cyclical behavior through loan loss provisions (LLP) for Mozambican commercial Banks, an example of the under-developed country. A second goal is to understand the bank lending behavior during the Mozambique’s hidden public debt crisis. The sample consists of all commercial banks observed during 2010-2016. We provide strong evidence that Mozambican commercial banks are pro-cyclical through LLP and these banks engage in income smoothing activity. However, for capital management activity and signaling behavior, we provide insignificant evidence to support these hypotheses among Mozambican commercial banks via LLP. Also, the result indicates that Mozambique’s hidden public debt crisis, the commercial banks put aside more provisions.
The Role of Alliance Network Redundancy in the Creation of Core and Non-Core Technologies

This paper studies the effect of a focal firm, and its partners' local alliance actions, on the creation of technological innovations by the former. More specifically, we study how two types of redundancy in a focal firm's ego network affect its ability to create new technologies in its technology core areas (exploitation) and/or non-core areas (exploration). We analyse this empirically in three different industry settings: chemicals, motor vehicles, and pharmaceuticals. One of our key findings is that individual firms can indeed boost both types of innovative output by shaping the degree of redundancy in their local alliance network, but that the way in which this should be done differs between the creation of core and non-core technologies. Next, we find that it is very useful to unpack the rather abstract notion of redundancy into more specific types of redundancy in ego networks. Overall, these findings reflect an action-oriented view on the role of individual firms in collaborative networks, which may complement the dominant view in the alliance literature emphasizing the role of the overall network structure and firms' network position within it.
Academics’ Professional Identity: A Contingency Perspective

The aim of this paper is to adopt a contingency approach and study important factors for academics’ Professional Identity. Based on a sample of 112 academics we run a descriptive analysis to understand if variables such as gender, age, nationality and teaching mode do have an influence on academics’ Professional Identity. Our results show that teaching mode is a relevant factor to be considered.
AN INVESTIGATION OF DRUG INTERACTIONS IN HOSPITAL PHARMACY PRESCRIPTIONS

Drug therapy is a complex and important process and because of the importance of drug interactions, especi ally in in-patients, accompanying problems and obstacles would exist as a result of concomitant use of drugs in these patients. For this purpose 3130 prescription order forms from Bou-Ali hospital were collected and all potential drug interactions pres ent were extract ed and evaluated in terms of signifi cance, severity, documentation and onset. Interactions were divided into 5 groups based on their signi ficance, with group 1 being the most important and group 5 the least important. Most interactions observed belonged to groups 4 and 5, accounting for 68.5% of all interactions.Group 1 interactions only accounted for 7.8% of all interactions observed. When considering the onset of interactions, the most dominant type (55.8% of all interactions) were the slow-occurring ones. In terms of the s everity, most interactions (47.2%) were of the medium (moderate) type. Strong (severe) interactions only accounted for 8.2% of all interactions. Finally, in terms of the documentation of interactions, the most prevalent type were the probable ones, accounting for 56.8% of all interactions observed. Definite interactions only account ed for 4.3% of all interactions.
Seasonal Variations and Diversity of Planktonic Diatoms of Kodikkarai and Velanganni, Southeast Coast of India

The present study "Seasonal variations and diversity of planktonic diatoms of Kodikkarai and Velanganni, Southeast Coast of India" was carried out for a period of one year (from June 2010 to May 2011). For this study, two stations were chosen from the districts Nagapattinam. The study focuses attention on the survey, systematic of marine diatom diversity and the influence of meteorological and physico-chemical factors on their seasonal distribution. During the study period a total of 37 species belonging to 24 genera of marine diatoms were recorded from the both stations. The most common genera were Amphora, Amphiprora, Asterionellopsis, Bacteriastrum, Biddulphia, Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Cyclotella, Diploneis, Diplomenora, Pinnulariosigma, Pinnularia, Pleurosigma, Rhabdonema, Rhopalodia, Rhizosolenia, Skeletonema, Surirella, Synedra, Trachyneis and Tropidoneis. Higher values of diatom population density were found during summer at both stations. The seasonal distribution and abundance are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.
Habitat Use by Meso-Predators in a Corridor Environment

Abstract Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are found throughout the United States, wherever there is suitable denning habitat and food resources. Densities of these predators have increased throughout the Intermountain West as a consequence of human alterations in habitat. Within the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (hereafter, refuge), in northern Utah, USA, upland nesting habitat for ducks is limited to the levee banks and roadsides. Red foxes, raccoons, and striped skunks, which prey on upland nesting birds, are also abundant on the refuge. We studied red foxes, raccoons, and striped skunks' use of levees and the edges associated with them within a wetland environment. Red fox, raccoon, and striped skunk locations were negatively correlated with distance to the nearest dike (−0.78, −0.69, and −0.45, respectively). Animals incorporated more roads and/or levees into their home ranges than expected by chance (x̄ = 2.6; Z < 0.001); incorporation of levees was greater during the dispersal season than the rearing season (P = 0.03). Skunk home ranges (average size, 3.0 km2) were oriented along roads and levees (P = 0.03), whereas raccoon (average size, 3.6 km2) and fox home ranges (average size, 3.5 km2) were not (P = 0.93, P = 0.13, respectively). Fox home ranges in the refuge were more oblong in shape than reported elsewhere (P = 0.03). However, home-range shapes of raccoons and striped skunks were similar to previous studies (P = 0.84, P = 0.97, respectively). The use of roads and levees within the refuge increases the possible travel distance and penetration of predators into wetland environments. This contributes to increased depredation of waterfowl nests and to decreased recruitment. Managers of similar areas might decrease depredation of waterfowl by disrupting the linear pattern of corridors, thereby decreasing the congestion of animal roads and levees. This would, then, decrease the encounter rates of predators and prey.