Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Two Detection Methods for HPV16, HPV18 and P16Ink4a Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Abnormal Cervical Cytology

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in many populations. While the Pap smear is a well established screening test it suffers from both false-positive and false-negative results in diagnosis of cancers and precancerous states. In this study, immunocytochemistry of the P16 biomarker and HPV-PCR were compared for their diagnostic potential. Materials and methods: In the study, we obtained pairs of specimens from 45 women with cervical dysplasia. One sample was placed in a liquid-based solution, and processed for staining of sections with antibodies to P16. HPV-PCR was performed on the other and the results obtained were analyzed by T-test using SPSS v. 15. Results: Using HPV-PCR 71% of the samples were found to be infected with either HPV 16 or HPV 18, and the rate of infection did not have a statistically significant relationship with higher grades of dysplasia (p= 0.253). In contrast, with immunocytochemistry evaluation of P16, 64% of the specimens were positive, but the percentage of positive results significantly increased with higher grades of dysplasia (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Employment of the P16 marker as an optional test might be preferable over HPV-PCR for cervical dysplasia in our geographical region.
Voltage‐dependent deactivation and desensitization of GABA responses in cultured murine cerebellar granule cells

1 Electrophysiological recordings of GABAergic IPSCs and responses to applications of exogenous GABA were made from cultured murine cerebellar granule cells. In both the presence and absence of tetrodotoxin, depolarization of the postsynaptic cell consistently produced a broadening of the IPSC. This voltage‐dependent change in kinetics arose entirely from a slowing of the rate of current decay. The duration of miniature IPSCs was increased by a significant but lesser amount by the GABA uptake inhibitor nipecotic acid (300 μM). 2 Five millisecond applications of 1 mM GABA elicited rapidly activating, biexponentially deactivating currents in patches derived from granule cell bodies. Deactivation of these responses was slowed by membrane depolarization. This effect arose from an increased fractional participation of the slow component of deactivation. The benzodiazepine flunitrazepam (1 μM) slowed deactivation at a holding potential of −70 mV but not at +50 mV. 3 Longer‐lasting applications of GABA produced substantial biexponential macroscopic desensitization. The rate of desensitization was faster at a holding potential of +50 mV than at −70 mV. The speeding of desensitization at depolarized membrane potentials arose from an increase in the fractional contribution of the fast component of desensitization. 4 When two 5 ms, 1 mM GABA applications were made at an interstimulus latency of 150 ms, the second response was consistently smaller than the first. The depression of the second response was significantly heightened when the membrane potential was depolarized from −70 to +50 mV. 5 The degree of desensitization produced was closely linked to receptor occupancy. The rate of current deactivation was also voltage dependent when non‐saturating, and therefore less desensitizing, applications of GABA were analysed. In contrast, both the GABA EC50 (≈30 μM) and the current activation kinetics at near EC50 agonist concentrations appeared to be voltage independent.
Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus Induce the Development of Colorectal Cancer

The role, of microbial agents and the infection of the intestinal mucosa in the carcinogenesis, or the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the hot topics in the field of CRC where much research has been done. However, this topic has long been underestimated by most of the related books. This chapter is intended to cover the relationship of CRC development with bacteria implicated in the development of CRC such as S. bovis, S. gallolyticus, S. equines, S. infantarius, E . coli, C. difficile…etc. However, S. gallolyticus and S. bovis will be discussed thoroughly in this chapter as they are considered the prototype for intestinal microorganisms related to CRC and colorectal premalignant lesions.
The complete sequence of the mouse skeletal alpha-actin gene reveals several conserved and inverted repeat sequences outside of the protein-coding region

The complete nucleotide sequence of a genomic clone encoding the mouse skeletal alpha-actin gene has been determined. This single-copy gene codes for a protein identical in primary sequence to the rabbit skeletal alpha-actin. It has a large intron in the 5'-untranslated region 12 nucleotides upstream from the initiator ATG and five small introns in the coding region at codons specifying amino acids 41/42, 150, 204, 267, and 327/328. These intron positions are identical to those for the corresponding genes of chickens and rats. Similar to other skeletal alpha-actin genes, the nucleotide sequence codes for two amino acids, Met-Cys, preceding the known N-terminal Asp of the mature protein. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of rat, mouse, chicken, and human skeletal muscle alpha-actin genes reveals conserved sequences (some not previously noted) outside of the protein-coding region. Furthermore, several inverted repeat sequences, partially within these conserved regions, have been identified. These sequences are not present in the vertebrate cytoskeletal beta-actin genes. The strong conservation of the inverted repeat sequences suggests that they may have a role in the tissue-specific expression of skeletal alpha-actin genes.
Executive and Attentional Disorders, Epilepsy and Porencephalic Cyst in Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Due to ANO10 Mutation

Background:ANO10 mutations have recently been reported in autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 3 (ARCA3). The objective of this study was to describe the phenotype of 2 siblings with compound heterozygous ANO10 mutations and progressive cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, and cognitive impairment. A porencephalic cyst was also described in one of them and a coenzyme Q10 deficiency in the other one. Methods: We performed neurological, neuropsychological, electromyographic, electroencephalic and MRI examinations in 2 siblings with compound heterozygous ANO10 mutations. Results: We reported for the first time the neuropsychological profile of 2 ARCA3 patients showing an adult-onset executive and attentional syndrome. Both presented epilepsy. One of them presented a porencephalic cyst. Conclusion: These results suggest that executive and attentional disorders are impaired in ANO10 mutation. In addition, epilepsy and porencephalic cysts were also described in our ARCA3 patients, the cyst thus expanding the clinical phenotype of ARCA3 patients due to ANO10 mutation.
Action Knowledge, Acknowledgment, and Interpretive Action in Work with Holocaust Survivors

Survivors withhold disclosure of suffering when their terror is unwitnessed and when their expectation of disbelief or disregard obfuscates the reality of persecution. Knowledge itself then becomes traumatized, losing the power to inform and mobilize action. Survivors become habituated to suffering in a manner that subverts meaning, dampens vitality as well as pain, and arrests empathic connectedness. The dearth of transferential cues in such depleted existences leaves analysts in doubt as to whether they have been unintrusive or unavailable to these patients. Restoring survivors’ sense of being witnessed requires interpretive actions that acknowledge the suffering that survivors have lost the will and means to make known or even represent. Such interventions draw on analysts’ own projective identifications and use of the self, counterposing the will to live against the resignation to unwitnessed terror.
The detrimental effect of nitric oxide on tissue is associated with inflammatory events in the vascular endothelium and neutrophils in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be a key molecule in the progression of ulcerative colitis and experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). However, the detrimental effect of DSS-induced NO production on the colonic mucosa is incompletely understood. Increases in the expression of adhesion molecules in the vascular endothelium and activated neutrophils (thereby releasing injurious molecules such as reactive oxygen species) are reportedly associated with the pathogenesis of DSS-induced colitis. We investigated if the detrimental effect of NO production on the colonic mucosa was attributable to the activation of neutrophil infiltration by NO in mice with DSS-induced colitis. NO2−/NO3− content in the middle and distal colon was increased on days 5 and 7, but alterations in the proximal colon were not observed. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were significantly increased in the entire colon, whereas TNF-α levels were significantly increased only in the middle and distal colon on day 7. The pathology of colitis and increases in colonic MPO activity, P-selectin, ICAM-1, and TNF-α levels were suppressed by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-specific inhibitor aminoguanidine and NO scavenger c-PTIO, whereas all but TNF-α levels were increased by the non-specific NOS inhibitor L-NAME. These findings suggest that iNOS-derived NO increases TNF-α levels in the middle and distal colon and increased TNF-α levels induce expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1, thereby promoting the infiltration of activated neutrophils, which leads to damage to colonic tissue.
Validation of rain attenuation time series synthesizers for temperate area - on the enhanced Maseng-Bakken model

To develop and test real time fade mitigation techniques control algorithms, propagation time series are needed. An alternative to using real data collected from propagation experiments is to generate typical fading time series making use of climatological characteristics as well as geometrical and radio-electrical parameters of the link. The aim of the study presented in this paper is to validate time-series synthesisers relying on an enhanced Maseng-Bakken model for temperate areas. In the first part of this paper, the basic principles of the Maseng-Baken model are recalled and the parameterisation of this channel model is discussed for temperate climates. Then, Ka band beacon data collected in European and in North-American areas are used: on the one hand to retrieve the input parameters of the channel models and on the other hand to test them with respect to long-term statistics. The results of this testing analysis constitute the second part of this paper.
The study on estimated breeding value and accuracy for economic traits in Gyoungnam Hanwoo cow (Korean cattle)

Abstract This study was conducted to construct basic data for the selection of elite cows by analyzing the estimated breeding value (EBV) and accuracy using the pedigree of Hanwoo cows in Gyeongnam. The phenotype trait used in the analysis are the carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BFT) and marbling score (MS). The pedigree of the test group and reference group was collected to build a pedigree structure and a numeric relationship matrix (NRM). The EBV, genetic parameters and accuracy were estimated by applying NRM to the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) multiple-trait animal model of the BLUPF90 program. Looking at the pedigree structure of the test group, there were a total of 2,371 cows born between 2003 to 2009, of these 603 cows had basic registration (25%), 562 cows had pedigree registration (24%) and 1,206 cows had advanced registration (51%). The proportion of pedigree registered cows was relatively low but it gradually increased and reached a point of 20,847 cows (68%) between 2010 to 2017. Looking at the change in the EBV, the CWT improved from 4.992 kg to 9.885 kg, the EMA from 0.970 cm2 to 2.466 cm2, the BFT from −0.186 mm to −0.357 mm, and the MS from 0.328 to 0.559 points. As a result of genetic parameter estimation, the heritability of CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were 0.587, 0.416, 0.476, and 0.571, respectively, and the accuracy of those were estimated to be 0.559, 0.551, 0.554, and 0.558, respectively. Selection of superior genetic breed and efficient improvement could be possible if cow ability verification is implemented by using the accurate pedigree of each individual in the farms.
Morus alba Enhanced Functional Recovery After Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury

Problem statement: Traumatic nerve injury has been recognized as one of the problems commonly found in road traffic crashes. Therefore, searching for the effective substances for promoting the functional recovery of nerve after injury is in required. Accumulating lines of evidence show that free radicals generated after injury contribute the important role to retard functional recovery, thus the substance possessing anti-oxidant could facilitate functional recovery. Based on the effect of antioxidant to promote functional recovery of nerve after injury mentioned earlier, we hypothesized that Morus alba extract, a substance possessing anti-oxidant activity, should be able to facilitate the functional recovery of peripheral nerve after injury. Approach: To elucidate this issue, male Wistar rats, weighing 180-220 g, were orally given the aqueous extract of Morus alba at various doses ranging from 0.1, 1 and 10 mg kg-1 BW 5days before and 21 days after sciatic nerve injury. Motor, sensory and sensorimotor coordination were observed every 3 days for 3 weeks by using De Medinacelli method, foot reflex withdrawal test and rotarod test, respectively. Results: The low dose of the extract significantly improved both sensory and motor functions after crush injury. Although sensory function recovers more sooner than the motor function, it fails to show full recovery within weeks. Thus, the present study demonstrates the potential of M. alba extract to enhance functional recovery after crush injury. Conclusion: In conclusion, Morus alba may serve as functional food to promote nerve recovery after injury. However, further studies about the possible active ingredient (s) and underlying mechanism (s) are required.
Influence of accommodation and refractive status on the peripheral refractive profile

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine, objectively and non-invasively, whether changes in accommodative demand modify differentially the peripheral refraction in emmetropic and myopic human eyes. Methods: Forty subjects (19 male, 21 female) aged 20–30 years (mean 22.7 (SD 2.8) years), 21 emmetropes (mean spherical equivalent refractive error (MSE) −0.13 (SD 0.29) D) and 19 myopes (MSE −2.95 (SD 1.76) D) participated in the study. Ametropia was corrected with soft contact lenses (etafilcon A, 58% water content). Subjects viewed monocularly a stationary, high contrast (85%) Maltese cross at 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 D of accommodative demand and at 0, 10, 20 and 30° field angle (nasal and temporal) through a +3.0 D Badal optical system. Static recordings of the accommodation response were obtained for each accommodative level, at each field angle, with an objective, open-view, infrared optometer. Results: Peripheral mean spherical equivalent (M) data showed that the emmetropic cohort exhibited relative myopic shifts into the periphery, while the myopic group showed hypermetropic shifts. Increasing accommodative demand did not alter the peripheral refractive profile in either the temporal (p = 0.25) or nasal (p = 0.07) periphery with no differential accommodative effect between refractive groups in either the temporal (p = 0.77) or nasal (p = 0.73) field. Significant shifts in the J0 astigmatic component were seen in the temporal (p<0.0005) and nasal (p<0.0005) fields with increasing eccentricity. Interaction effects between eccentricity and accommodative demand illustrated that increasing accommodative demand significantly altered the peripheral refractive profile in the temporal J0 astigmatic component (p<0.0005). The nasal periphery, however, failed to show such an effect (p = 0.65). Conclusions: Alterations in peripheral refraction augmented by changes in ocular accommodation are relatively unaffected by refractive error for young, healthy human eyes.
NMR evidence for a short, strong hydrogen bond at the active site of a cholinesterase.

Cholinesterases (ChE), use a Glu-His-Ser catalytic triad to enhance the nucleophilicity of the catalytic serine. It has been shown that serine proteases, which employ an Asp-His-Ser catalytic triad for optimal catalytic efficiency, decrease the hydrogen bonding distance between the Asp-His pair to form a short, strong hydrogen bond (SSHB) upon binding mechanism-based inhibitors, which form tetrahedral Ser-adducts, analogous to the tetrahedral intermediates in catalysis, or at low pH when the histidine is protonated [Cassidy, C. S. , Lin, J., Frey, P. A. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 4576-4584]. Two types of mechanism-based inhibitors were bound to pure equine butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a 364 kDa homotetramer, and the complexes were studied by (1)H NMR at 600 MHz and 25-37 degrees C. The downfield region of the (1)H NMR spectrum of free BChE at pH 7.5 showed a broad, weak, deshielded resonance with a chemical shift, delta = 16.1 ppm, ascribed to a small amount of the histidine-protonated form. Upon addition of a 3-fold excess of diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon) and subsequent dealkylation, the broad 16.1 ppm resonance increased in intensity 4.7-fold, and yielded a D/H fractionation factor phi = 0.72+/-0.10 consistent with a SSHB between Glu and His of the catalytic triad. From an empirical correlation of delta with hydrogen-bond length in small crystalline compounds, the length of this SSBH is 2.64+/-0.04 A, in agreement with the length of 2.62+/-0.02 A independently obtained from phi. The addition of a 3-fold excess of m-(N,N, N-trimethylammonio)trifluoroacetophenone to BChE yielded no signal at 16.1 ppm, and a 640 Hz broad, highly deshielded proton resonance with a chemical shift delta = 18.1 ppm and a D/H fractionation factor phi = 0.63+/-0.10, also consistent with a SSHB. The length of this SSHB is calculated to be 2.62+/-0.04 A from delta and 2.59+/-0.03 A from phi. These NMR-derived distances agree with those found in the X-ray structures of the homologous acetylcholinesterase complexed with the same mechanism-based inhibitors, 2.60+/-0.22 and 2.66+/-0.28 A. However, the order of magnitude greater precision of the NMR-derived distances establish the presence of SSHBs. We suggest that ChEs achieve their remarkable catalytic power in ester hydrolysis, in part, due to the formation of a SSHB between Glu and His of the catalytic triad.
The role of vagal efferents in regulation of gastric emptying and motility in rats.

UNLABELLED Nonpharmacologic regulation of gastrointestinal motility may become competitive to actually applied methods in the nearest future. The Aim of this study was to evaluate effect of vagal stimulation on gastric motility and emptying. Experiments were performed on 30 male Wistar rats in vivo. Electrodes (120 um O Cr/Mo Microfil Industries) were placed on right vagal trunk below diaphragm without affecting its integrity. The fistula was implanted in gastric antrum. Stimulation parameters were: 0.3 V; 0.5 Hz, impulse duration--10 msec, time stimulation--5 min. Gastric pressure (balloon, Synectics pressure transducer, Sweden) and gastric emptying (red phenol method) were measured subsequently during and between stimulations. RESULTS Stimulation significantly decreased amplitude of gastric contractions about 14% (52.7 +/- +/- 24.5 vs control 66.8 +/- 15.0; p < 0.05) and increased liquid gastric emptying from isotonic solution about 10% (87.35 +/- 4.75 vs control 75.31 +/- 11.24; p < 0.001), hypertonic liquid about 15% (49.05 +/- 12.16 vs control 34.1 +/- 13.68; p < 0.001) and hypotonic liquid about 7% (83.05 +/- 8.8 vs control 76.29 +/- 11.88). The frequency of gastric contractions did not change significantly in Fast Fourier Analysis of the period of stimulations and in control group. CCK concentrations were not significantly different between stimulated and control group (0.3 +/- 0.08 vs control 0.27 +/- 0.06 pmol/L). L-NAME infusion abolished completely acceleration of gastric emptying of isotonic solution (50.38 +/- 12.66 vc control 87.82 +/- 5.49; p < 0.05), hypertonic solution (32.17 +/- 15.09 vs control 51.65 +/- 10.74; p < 0.05) and hypotonic solution (60.42 +/- 12.05 vs control 82.67 +/- 8.06; p < 0.05) during electrical stimulation. DISCUSSION In this experiment efferent stimulation of abdominal vagal nerve release neuromediators from afferent and efferent fibers. The main regulator seems to be nitric oxide. These results indicate the effective vagal nerve stimulation affects gastric motility and emptying. It is likely that observed effects reflect integrated response with activating vago-vagal reflexes and neurohumoral factors.
Dissociation of Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Cells

Heterotrimeric G proteins dissociate into their component Gα and Gβγ subunits when these proteins are activated in solution. Until recently, it has not been known if subunit dissociation also occurs in cells. The development of optical methods to study G protein activation in live cells has made it possible to demonstrate heterotrimer dissociation at the plasma membrane. However, subunit dissociation is far from complete, and many active [guanosine triphosphate (GTP)–bound] heterotrimers are intact in a steady state. This unexpectedly reluctant dissociation calls for inclusion of a GTP-bound heterotrimeric state in models of the G protein cycle and places renewed emphasis on the relation between subunit dissociation and effector activation. Heterotrimeric G proteins are among the most important and widely studied classes of signaling proteins. The long-standing model of G protein function includes physical dissociation of Gα subunits and Gβγ dimers as an essential prerequisite for signaling, even though physical dissociation had, until recently, only been observed by using isolated proteins in solution. Some recent studies have concluded that G protein dissociation does not occur in intact cells, whereas others have reported that dissociation does occur. This mini-review reconciles these points of view by emphasizing a model that includes an equilibrium between active heterotrimers and dissociated subunits. This model is consistent with all of the available experimental evidence. Attention then turns to a related question: Is heterotrimer dissociation necessary for signaling? The answer to this question is less clear and may be different for different signaling pathways.
Normal Conduction Velocity of Ulnar, Median and Peroneal Nerves in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence

The conduction velocity of the ulnar, median and peroneal nerves was studied from birth to adult age in normal infants, children and adolescents. The method allowed measurements of the conduction velocity of the thickest and fastest conducting motor nerve fibres. In newborns the conduction velocity of all 3 nerves was roughly half of that of adults. The value for the ulnar nerve increased rapidly during the first 3 years. After that age it rose only slightly and between adolescence and adult age there was a significant reduction. The value for the median nerve increased slowly before one year of age. At this time a rapid acceleration started and continued through adolescence. The value for the peroneal nerve increased rapidly through infancy, while small changes were noted after one year of age. The curve for the ulnar nerve was in all age‐groups above the other 2. The curve for the median nerve started at the same level as that for the peroneal, ran below it through infancy and early childhood, crossed it in the age‐group 3–8 years and approached that of the ulnar nerve in adolescence and adult age. These results are discussed in relation to the anatomical maturation of the peripheral nervous system and to the motor performance of the child.