Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cognitive Pain Self-Management Program on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Women with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Pilot Study

Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a worldwide health problem. Anxiety and depression are common among patients suffering from chronic pain. Self-management strategies are used to help patients manage the emotional distress associated with pain. Aim: To evaluate the effects of cognitive pain self-management program (CPSMP) on depression, anxiety, and stress in women with chronic pain. Method: This pilot study with a pretest-posttest design performed on 20 women with chronic pain, who were referred to Imam-Reza and Qaem Clinic Centers and Clinical Psychology Center of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during June-October 2014. The participants randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention comprised of eight 120-min weekly group sessions. CPSMP employs the principles of cognitive therapy and self-management program strategies. The control group received regular treatment sessions. At pre-and post-test, the participants completed Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The mean ages of the intervention and control groups were 35.2±9 and 32.5±11 years, respectively. After the intervention, Mann-Whitney U test did not reflect a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of depression (P=0.14). Moreover, the results of Mann-Whitney test revealed a significant difference between the groups regarding anxiety (P<0.001) and stress (P=0.04). Implications for Practice: CPSMP can be effective for reducing anxiety and stress in women with chronic pain. Further studies with larger sample sizes and more extended follow-ups are recommended.
Radiation Doses Received by Paediatric Patients During Chest X-Ray Examinations at a Central Hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe

This study sought to measure the mean entrance skin dose and third quartile value for paediatric chest x-ray examinations, to find the correlation between mean ESD, age, kVp and weight and compare these to findings and recommendations from other studies. A descriptive, quantitative cross sectional design was used. Thermo luminescence dosimeters placed on the anterior surface of the chest coincident with the primary beam were used to measure radiation dose. Demographic data and exposure parameters were recorded for 20 patients below the age of 5years. The TLDs were read by qualified radiation physicists at the Radiation Protection Authority of Zimbabwe (RPAZ). Data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0 and Microsoft Excel. Entrance surface dose was measured for all patients and the mean dose calculated was higher than those from previous studies in literature. A strong co-relation was found between ESD and weight and also between ESD and age. Results showed that there was a possibility that children were receiving higher doses during chest x-ray examinations as compared to the recommended levels of the ICRP and other previous studies.
Climate Response Using a Three-Dimensional Operator Based on the Fluctuation–Dissipation Theorem

Abstract The fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT) states that for systems with certain properties it is possible to generate a linear operator that gives the response of the system to weak external forcing simply by using covariances and lag-covariances of fluctuations of the undisturbed system. This paper points out that the theorem can be shown to hold for systems with properties very close to the properties of the earth’s atmosphere. As a test of the theorem’s applicability to the atmosphere, a three-dimensional operator for steady responses to external forcing is constructed for data from an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). The response of this operator is then compared to the response of the AGCM for various heating functions. In most cases, the FDT-based operator gives three-dimensional responses that are very similar in structure and amplitude to the corresponding GCM responses. The operator is also able to give accurate estimates for the inverse problem in which one derives the forci.
Advances and Declines in the Rural Working Poor: Complementing Traditional Econometric Results with Case Analysis

We employ a multi-method approach to more fully explore determinants of greater than expected rural county-level increases and decreases in the proportion of working poor in four states. An econometric model by Anderson, Goe, and Weng (2007) using 1990 and 2000 Census data in the North Central region of the U.S. supplies the error terms to identify our outlier counties. We show that counties performing better than expected may be more self-reliant than counties performing worse than expected (Michigan), that regional attributes contribute greatly to overall performance (Ohio), that the structure of local employment patterns also influences outcomes (Missouri), while devolution of federal government and long-term commuting patterns may also affect outcomes (South Dakota). Future efforts should attempt to replicate these research strategies and may serve to inform the direction of best practice in federal data collection efforts.
Virus-infected bacteria in oligotrophic open waters of the East Sea, Korea

Viruses are now known to be significant contributors to bacterial mortality in the marine environment; however, to date, most studies have focused on only the more productive coastal areas. The impact of viruses in oligotrophic environments is still poorly understood, but current literature implies that the percentage of bacteria visibly infected with viruses in these areas is generally low and may often be below the detection limit normally achieved by transmission electron microscopy (i.e. < 0.3%). However, from calculations based on typical bacterial abundance, abundance ratios of viruses to bacteria, and plausible turnover times of bacteria and viruses, we hypothesized that the fre- quency of visibly infected bacteria (FVIB) should be frequently above the detection limit even in oligotrophic environments. We tested this hypothesis in the oligotrophic open waters in the East Sea, Korea, in summer. FVIB ranged from 1.2 to 2.2% and burst size varied from 12 to 15. Viral production ranged from 0.4 to 13.7 × 10 8 viruses l -1 d -1 . Estimated viral mortality of bacteria was on average 13.1% of bacterial production, indicating that viruses could be significant contributors to bacterial losses in oligotrophic waters. Comparison of grazing by heterotrophic nanoflagellates and lysis by viruses suggests that, overall, these processes cause comparable losses of bacteria in the oligotrophic East Sea; however, taken together, they accounted for only half of the total mortality.
Kelvin wave signatures in stratospheric trace constituents

[1] Connections, sometimes tenuous, have previously been noted between stratospheric Kelvin waves and several stratospheric trace constituents. The present study finds evidence of Kelvin wave signatures in ozone from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) instruments aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. Predominant variations near 10 days are associated with a Kelvin wave mode previously identified in MLS temperature. Variations in CLAES nitrous oxide also show some evidence of influence by this Kelvin mode. The results presented here show that the observing characteristics of the instrument can influence the derived structure and properties of Kelvin waves.
Ion resonance acceleration by dipolarization fronts: analytic theory and spacecraft observation

Abstract. In this paper, we consider the mechanism of ion acceleration by dipolarization fronts in the Earth's magnetotail. The statistics of dipolarization front observations by Interball-tail have been collected from 1995 to 1998 (51 events). We demonstrate that near dipolarization fronts bursts of energetic ions are often observed with an average energy of about 100–200 keV. We develop the analytical model of the ion resonance interaction with dipolarization fronts to describe the observed acceleration. We compare the model and the observations to estimate the width of fronts along the dawn-dusk direction, Ry. The mean value is ⟨ Ry ⟩ ~6 RE.
Geographical Indication Regulation and Intra-Trade in the European Union

Protection of indications of geographical origin (GIs) can reduce information asymmetry between producers and consumers, and potentially enhance trade. However, GIs can also possibly divert trade. We rely on panel data about agri-food trade among the 27 countries of the European Union to investigate these issues using variations of estimators proposed by Head and Mayer (2000) and Santos Silva and Tenreyro (2006). Our findings suggest that the protection of GIs creates trade when the importing and exporting countries have GI-protected products. There is also empirical evidence regarding a trade-diverting effect when the importing country does not have GIs and a border enlargement effect arising from European GI-protection.
Expectancy confirmation in spite of disconfirming evidence: The case of price increases due to the introduction of the Euro

People in Germany overwhelmingly believe that the Euro introduction caused an overall price increase, however, no such increase actually took place. To investigate whether this disparity could be based on biased perceptions of the average price trend, four studies were conducted. Participants received two menus from a restaurant (one ‘old’ menu with German Mark (DM) prices and one ‘new’ menu with Euro prices) and were asked to estimate the price trend (in per cent). In all of these studies, price trend judgements were biased towards rising prices. If the prices had in fact been raised, the magnitude of this price increase was overestimated. If the prices had remained stable, significant price increases were perceived. And if the prices had fallen, they were perceived as having remained stable. The bias was systematically related to participants' expectations concerning price increases. A ‘selective outcome correction’ hypothesis proved to best fit the data: incorrect calculation outcomes that are in line with one's expectations are overlooked, whereas incorrect inconsistent outcomes are detected and corrected. The results imply that expectations can influence judgements even when clear disconfirming evidence is available that can be compared with an objective standard, thus leaving no room for interpretation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carry Trades and Commodity Risk Factors

Abstract This paper investigates the importance of commodity prices for the returns of currency carry trade portfolios. We adopt a recently developed empirical factor model to capture commodity commonalities and heterogeneity. Agricultural material and metal price risk factors are found to have explanatory power on the cross-section of currency returns, while commodity common and oil factors do not. Although stock market risk is strongly linked to currencies in developed countries, the agricultural material factor is more important for emerging currencies compared to the stock market factor. This suggests that emerging currencies are somewhat segmented from a common financial market shock.
Effect of light intensity and fertiliser levels on the stock plants of chengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii) and rooring of its subsequent cuttings

A factorial experiment of three light intensities and three fertiliser levels was carried out on the potted seedlings of Neobalanocarpus heimii as stock plants for subsequent rooting of cuttings. Light intensities used were 25%, 50% and 100% of the open sunlight and the fertilizer levels were 0 g, 1 g and 2 g plant-1 month-1. Results of 11 months after potting showed that the stock plants treated with 1 g and 2 g fertilizer had significantly better height and diameter increments than those without fertilizer in all light intensities tried. On the other hand, no significant effect of light intensity was obtained in height and diameter increments of the stock plants. Survival of stock plants of more than 86% was obtained in all light intensities tried with or without fertilizer application. Test on rooting of subsequent cuttings showed that light intensity of 25% and 0 g fertiliser, to stock plants gave the highest rooting percentage (73%) and the number of roots (2.0). The general trend showed that rooting decreased to below 60% when intensity of light was increased. In terms of size, cuttings with diameter between 1.2 mm and 2.3 mm is recommended as it yielded rooting of 65% to 75%. For practical application, a combination of 25% light intensity and 1 g of fertilizer plant-1 month-1 can be applied to the stock plants to maintain their healthy growth for continuous production of cutting materials for rooting
THE PREDICTION OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS ANALYSIS AND ITS IMPLICATION TO STOCK PRICE’S SUB SECTOR TRANSPORTATION IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE PERIOD 2007-2011

Based on data from the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) showed that one of the rertiary sector decreased the decreasing of investments in the tertiary sector one more for the transportation sector. The Impairment of investment in the transportation sector gives an indication of changes in the expectations of the shareholders to invest in this sector. The Low investment realization led to the company's performance decrease, then the companies have financial distress. To predict the condition of the company's financial distress can use the method of Altman Z-Score. Through the prediction of company’s financial distress can analyze the company's stock price movements. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to predict financial distress and its influence of stock price on the transportation sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study is an explanatory survey using descriptive analysis and verification methods. Statistical correlation analysis, regression, the coefficient of determination and hypothesis testing is used in this study. The results show that the prediction of financial distress’s transfortation sub sector influenced the stock price of transportation sector listed on Stock Exchange positifly and significance.
A Theoretical Framework on the Link Between Motivation and Innovation in Hackers

The purpose of this paper was to develop a set of theoretical propositions surrounding the link between motivation and innovation. The amount of money spent on research and development in organizations suggests that companies are paying more attention to innovation because it is needed in order for them to gain market advantage and survive. The question that this raises is how to motivate employees to be more innovative. This paper proposes the use of hackers as a basis to understand how innovative solutions are developed. Through doing so, detailed arguments are presented on how varying levels of innovation can be derived from different types of hackers based on the level and type of motivators they possess. Areas for future research are provided, as are practical implications for organizations on how to facilitate develop similar levels of innovation as those of hackers.
A GRAMMAR OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH1

The publication of this important volume fills the need for an up-to-date survey of the entire scope of English syntax. Though it falls short of a perfectly balanced treatment of the whole system, it touches upon all the essential topics and treats in depth a number of crucial problems of current interest such as case, ellipsis, and information focus. Even the publishers’ claims are vindicated to a surprising degree. The statement that it “constitutes a standard reference grammar” is reasonably well justified. Recent investigations, including the authors’ own research, are integrated into the “accumulated grammatical tradition” quite effectively. But whether it is “the fullest and most comprehensive synchronic description of English grammar ever written” is arguable. No one acquainted with Poutsma’s work would agree with that. Very advanced foreign students o r native speakers of English who want to learn about basic grammar will find some of thel sections suitable for their needs, such as the lesson about restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses, though even here some of the explanations require very intensive study. Most of the chapters are rather like an advanced textbook for teachers or linguists. The organization and viewpoint give the impression of a carefully planned university lecture supplemented by diagrams, charts, and lists. A good example is the lesson on auxiliaries and verb phrases, which starts with a set of sample sentences demonstrating that “should see” and “happen to see” behave differently under various transformations and expansions. After the essential concepts are explained and exemplified-lexical verb, semi-auxiliary, operator, and the like-lists and paradigms are given as in the usual reference work. A particularly useful feature of this chapter is the outline of modal auxiliaries with examples of their divergent meanings.
First record of wild boar infected with Trichinella pseudospiralis in Poland

Abstract Introduction: The paper describes identification of Trichinella species isolated from wild boars (Sus scrofa) in the most popular hunting region of the West Pomeranian Province of Poland. Material and Methods: The Trichinella larvae were identified by digestion method. For species identification of the larvae, multiplex PCR was used according to the European Reference Laboratory for Parasites Multiplex PCR protocol. The results were confirmed by molecular amplification of 5S rDNA gene and sequence analysis. Results: Prevalence of 0.54% Trichinella–positive wild boars in the West Pomeranian Province was recorded. Examination of the larvae showed the occurrence of T. spiralis in 79 %, T. britovi in 16.5 %, mixed infection with T. spiralis/T. britovi in 3.5%, and T. pseudospiralis in 1.0% of the boars. Conclusion: This is the first record of wild boar infected with non-encapsulated larvae of T. pseudospiralis in Poland. The species is very difficult to determine, especially using trichinoscopic method. The discovery of the larvae in the animals which may be intended for human consumption confirms that digestion technique should be the only method used for the inspection of meat, especially that from wild boars.
Relevance and Standardization of In Vitro Antioxidant Assays: ABTS, DPPH, and Folin–Ciocalteu

Trolox, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and ascorbic acid are antioxidants used as standards for reaction with chromogenic radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH⋅) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzotiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS⋅+), and Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) reagent. The number of exchanged electrons has been analyzed as function of method and solvent. A majority of compounds exchange more electrons in FC assay than in ABTS and DPPH assays. In reaction with chromogenic radicals, the largest number of electrons was exchanged in buffer (pH 7.4) and the lowest reactivity was in methanol (DPPH) and water (ABTS). At physiological pH, the number of exchanged electrons of polyphenols exceeded the number of OH groups, pointing to the important contribution of partially oxidized antioxidants, formed in the course of reaction, to the antioxidant potential. For Trolox, small impact on the number of exchanged electrons was observed, confirming that it is more suitable as a standard compound than the other antioxidants.
Large Planting Stock Type and Mechanical Release Effects on the Establishment Success of Picea glauca Plantations in Quebec, Canada

We established four experimental plantations to evaluate the main and interaction effects of timing (year of application) of mechanical release and stock type (containerized or bareroot) on the establishment success of large Picea glauca seedlings eight years after outplanting on high-competition sites in Quebec (Canada). We also monitored percent cover and height of target vegetation groups as well as the amount of photosynthetically active radiation available to crop trees. Our results indicate that the use of large containerized or bareroot stock had limited effects on seedling growth, although bareroot seedlings presented higher mortality than containerized seedlings. Mechanical release enhanced seedling growth, compared to the control. Delaying treatment by two years impacted crop tree dimensions, although differences were minimal. Survival was not affected. We conclude that large containerized seedlings should be favoured over bareroot stock for reforestation on high-competition sites and that the release guidelines developed for standard size seedlings are applicable to the large dimension P. glauca stock tested in this study.
Currency Movements Drive Reserve Composition

A long-standing puzzle in international finance is the durability of the dollar's share of foreign exchange reserves - which remains above 60%, while the weight of the US economy in global output has fallen to less than a quarter. We argue that the dollar's role may reflect instead the share of global output produced in countries with relatively stable dollar exchange rates - the "dollar zone". If a currency varies less against the dollar than against other major currencies, then a reserve portfolio with a substantial dollar share poses less risk when returns are measured in domestic currency. Time series and cross-sectional evidence supports the link between currency movements and the currency composition of reserves.
Role of MR Spectroscopy (H1-MRS) of the Testis in Men with Semen Analysis Altered

Purpose: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) has been proposed as a tool to assess male infertility providing metabolic signatures related to the spermatogenesis in the testis. This study sought to identify the role of 1 H-MRS in the diagnosis of infertility in patients with semen analysis altered. Materials and Methods: 14 patients (27 testicles) with fertility problems and with an altered semen analysis (5 oligospermia, 3 asthenospermia, 6 oligoasthenospermia) and 9 controls (18 testicles) with normal spermatogenesis assessed (men with prior paternity and normal semen analysis) and normal testicles at magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasonography (US) with colour Doppler (CD) examination were included. All patients underwent testis US and CD investigation, conventional MR examination at 1.5T including T1 and T2 weighted images in three orthogonal planes and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) with single-voxel PRESS (TR 2000 ms / TE 31 ms). Major metabolites peaks (choline, creatine, lipids, lactate) were calculated and compared between the patients and controls. Results: Mean choline peak in the semen analysis altered group was statistically significantly lower than the normal group (0.69 vs 1.34, 95% CI: 0.52 - 0.85; p < 0.001). 18 testicles within semen analysis altered group (66,7%) had both MR and US examination negative but mean choline peak lower then controls (1.09 vs 1.34, p < 0.001). 7 testicles of those presented also varicocele at CD investigation. Conclusion: 1 H-MRS revealed a significant shift towards lower choline peak in patients with semen analysis altered compared to controls with normal spermatogenesis. Moreover 1 HMRS provided to find out spermatogenesis disorder in patients with normal testis at MR and US examination.
Modeling lactation curves of French dairy goats using random regression models

M.Arnal, H.Larroque, H.Leclerc, V.Ducrocq& C.Robert-Granié GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France 2 Idele, Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France 3 Institut de l’Elevage, INRA UMR1313 GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France 4 UMR1313 GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France mathieu.arnal@idele.fr (Corresponding Author)