Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Fatal Methamphetamine‐related Stroke: A National Study

The study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of fatal methamphetamine‐related stroke in Australia, 2009–2015. There were 38 cases, 60.5% male, with a mean age of 40.3 years. In no case was there evidence that this was the first time methamphetamine had been used by the decedent, and 52.6% had known histories of injecting drug use. The stroke was hemorrhagic in 37 of 38 cases. In 21.1% of cases, the stroke was purely parenchymal and, in 18.4%, involved purely the subarachnoid space. A ruptured berry aneurysm was present in 31.6% and in 68.8% of initial subarachnoid hemorrhages. There was evidence of systemic hypertension in 8 of 25 cases in which full autopsy findings were available. With increased use of methamphetamine, there is a high probability of increased hemorrhagic stroke incidence among young people. In cases of fatal hemorrhagic stroke among young cases presenting to autopsy, the possibility of methamphetamine use should be borne in mind.
The natural production of chlorinated compounds.

suggests that organic compounds containing covalently bound halogens are found only infre­ quently in living organisms" (2). Although this observation was undeniable 25 years ago, it is nothing but a myth today. S o m e 2 0 0 0 c h l o r i n a t e d and other halogenated chemi­ c a l s a r e d i s ­ c h a r g e d i n t o o u r b i o s p h e r e by plants , marine organ­ i sms , insec t s , bac te­ ria, fungi, and mam­ m a l s , a n d by o t h e r natural processes. En­ zymatic, thermal, and o t h e r n a t u r a l p r o ­ cesses are constantly o c c u r r i n g in t h e oceans, in the atmos­ phere, and in the soil that lead to the forma­ t i o n of c h l o r i n a t e d p h e n o l s and m y r i a d o t h e r c h l o r i n a t e d chemicals , inc lud ing d i o x i n s a n d C F C s , that previous ly were thought to result only from the a c t i o n s of h u m a n s . It is c l ea r that these natural pro­ cesses have been pro­ d u c i n g c h l o r i n a t e d compounds and have been a vi tal c o m p o ­ nent of our ecosystem for eons.
The influence of multisite pain and psychological comorbidity on prognosis of chronic low back pain: longitudinal data from the Norwegian HUNT Study

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the prospective influence of multisite pain, depression, anxiety, self-rated health and pain-related disability on recovery from chronic low back pain (LBP). Setting The data is derived from the second (1995–1997) and third (2006–2008) wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway. Participants The study population comprises 4484 women and 3039 men in the Norwegian HUNT Study who reported chronic LBP at baseline in 1995–1997. Primary outcome measures The primary outcome was recovery from chronic LBP at the 11-year follow-up. Persons not reporting pain and/or stiffness for at least three consecutive months during the last year were defined as recovered. A Poisson regression model was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. Results At follow-up, 1822 (40.6%) women and 1578 (51.9%) men reported recovery from chronic LBP. The probability of recovery was inversely associated with number of pain sites (P-trend<0.001). Compared with reporting 2–3 pain sites, persons with only LBP had a slightly higher probability of recovery (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.22 in women and RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.21 in men), whereas people reporting 6–9 pain sites had substantially lower probability of recovery (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.63 in women and RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.79 in men). Poor/not so good self-rated general health, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and pain-related disability in work and leisure were all associated with reduced probability of recovery, but there was no statistical interaction between multisite pain and these comorbidities. Conclusions Increasing number of pain sites was inversely associated with recovery from chronic LBP. In addition, factors such as poor self-rated health, psychological symptoms and pain-related disability may further reduce the probability of recovery from chronic LBP.
Using Convolutional Neural Network for edge detection in musculoskeletal ultrasound images

Fast and accurate segmentation of musculoskeletal ultrasound images is an on-going challenge. Two principal factors make this task difficult: firstly, the presence of speckle noise arising from the interference that accompanies all coherent imaging approaches; secondly, the sometimes subtle interaction between musculoskeletal components that leads to non-uniformity of the image intensity. Our work presents an investigation of the potential of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to address both of these problems. CNNs are an effective tool that has previously been used in image processing of several biomedical imaging modalities. However, there is little published material addressing the processing of musculoskeletal ultrasound images. In our work we explore the effectiveness of CNNs when trained to act as a pre-segmentation pixel classifier that determines whether a pixel is an edge or non-edge pixel. Our CNNs are trained using two different ground truth interpretations. The first one uses an automatic Canny edge detector to provide the ground truth image; the second ground truth was obtained using the same image marked-up by an expert anatomist. In this initial study the CNNs have been trained using half of the prepared data from one image, using the other half for testing; validation was also carried out using three unseen ultrasound images. CNN performance was assessed using Mathew's Correlation Coefficient, Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy. The results show that CNN performance when using expert ground truth image is better than using Canny ground truth image. Our technique is promising and has the potential to speed-up the image processing pipeline using appropriately trained CNNs.
Transient proliferation of donor-derived ATL cell-like lymphocytes early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in an adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patient.

To the editor: A 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of systemic lymphadenopathy and generalized erythema. White blood cell (WBC) count was 8.3 × 109/L with 8% morphologically abnormal lymphocytes that were positive for CD3, CD4, and CD25. Antibody against human T-cell
Plantar Pressure Distribution During Walking : Comparison of Subjects with and without Chronic Low Back Pain

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate changes during walking in plantar pressure distribution on both the affected and unaffected sides of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). [Subjects] Sixty subjects were included in this study, including 30 patients with chronic low back pain and 30 healthy individuals as the control group. [Methods] The plantar foot pressure and the trajectory of the center of pressure (COP) of both groups were measured using the F-scan System while they walked at a comfortable speed. The F-scan system was used to determine the plantar pressures of both feet with data captured during three strides. [Results] Plantar pressure distribution differences between the left and right sides of the back pain group showed greater increases in anteroposterior (AP) displacement of COP than the control group. [Conclusion] Patients with chronic low back pain walked with a shorter AP displacement of COP, perhaps due to a compensatory action in trying to avoid pain. The foot pressure distributions in the back pain group provide evidence of alterations of the gait pattern in patients with chronic low back pain.
Metric Assessment of the Pubic Bone Using Known and Novel Data Points for Sex Estimation ,

Biological sex estimation of skeletal remains is essential in forensic and archaeological analyses. Anthropologists most often use the pelvis, which is the most sexually dimorphic element both morphologically and metrically. While nonmetric pubic bone features have been studied extensively, few metric studies have examined this individual bone for dimorphism. For this study, three observers examined three previously identified and ten novel measurements of the pubic body on a modern sample of isolated pubic bones from the Maricopa County Forensic Science Center (FSC), in Phoenix, Arizona (n = 400). A relationship between pubic body measurements and biological sex was demonstrated, with significant correlations. Discriminant function analyses found that five measurements, four of which were novel, discriminated between males (89%) and females (86%). Observer experience level did not significantly impact the results. These five measurements were reliable and show promise for inclusion in metric methods for assessment of sex.
Stock market's price movement prediction with LSTM neural networks

Predictions on stock market prices are a great challenge due to the fact that it is an immensely complex, chaotic and dynamic environment. There are many studies from various areas aiming to take on that challenge and Machine Learning approaches have been the focus of many of them. There are many examples of Machine Learning algorithms been able to reach satisfactory results when doing that type of prediction. This article studies the usage of LSTM networks on that scenario, to predict future trends of stock prices based on the price history, alongside with technical analysis indicators. For that goal, a prediction model was built, and a series of experiments were executed and theirs results analyzed against a number of metrics to assess if this type of algorithm presents and improvements when compared to other Machine Learning methods and investment strategies. The results that were obtained are promising, getting up to an average of 55.9% of accuracy when predicting if the price of a particular stock is going to go up or not in the near future.
Ensemble application of convolutional and recurrent neural networks for multi-label text categorization

Text categorization, or text classification, is one of key tasks for representing the semantic information of documents. Multi-label text categorization is finer-grained approach to text categorization which consists of assigning multiple target labels to documents. It is more challenging compared to the task of multi-class text categorization due to the exponential growth of label combinations. Existing approaches to multi-label text categorization fall short to extract local semantic information and to model label correlations. In this paper, we propose an ensemble application of convolutional and recurrent neural networks to capture both the global and the local textual semantics and to model high-order label correlations while having a tractable computational complexity. Extensive experiments show that our approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance when the CNN-RNN model is trained using a large-sized dataset.
The heme-binding protein Dap1 links iron homeostasis to azole resistance via the P450 protein Erg11 in Candida glabrata.

The pathogenic fungus Candida glabrata is relatively resistant to azole antifungals, which target lanosterol 14α-demethylase (Erg11p) in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. Our study revealed that C. glabrata exhibits increased azole susceptibility under low-iron conditions. To investigate the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we generated a strain lacking the heme (iron protoporphyrin IX)-binding protein Dap1 in C. glabrata. The Δdap1 mutant displayed growth defects under iron-limited conditions, decreased azole tolerance, decreased production of ergosterol, and increased accumulation of 14α-methylated sterols lanosterol and squalene. All the Δdap1 phenotypes were complemented by wild-type DAP1, but not by DAP1(D91G) , in which a heme-binding site is mutated. Furthermore, azole tolerance of the Δdap1 mutant was rescued by exogenous ergosterol but not by iron supplementation alone. These results suggest that heme binding by Dap1 is crucial for Erg11 activity and ergosterol biosynthesis, thereby being required for azole tolerance. A Dap1-GFP fusion protein predominantly localized to vacuolar membranes and endosomes, and the Δdap1 cells exhibited aberrant vacuole morphologies, suggesting that Dap1 is also involved in the regulation of vacuole structures that could be important for iron storage. Our study demonstrates that Dap1 mediates a functional link between iron homeostasis and azole resistance in C. glabrata.
A qualitative study of pregnancy-related anxiety among women in Tanzania

Objectives To explore and understand the experiences and priorities of pregnant women living with fears and worries related to fetal/infant and maternal health, the birthing process and ability to parent the infant (ie, pregnancy-related anxiety (PRA)) in Mwanza, Tanzania. Design Descriptive phenomenological approach. Setting Two clinics in the Ilemela and Nyamagana districts of Mwanza. Participants Pregnant and postpartum women who obtained high scores on a PRA scale during pregnancy in a larger quantitative study were contacted to participate in an interview (10 women, aged 18–34 years; 3 HIV positive). Measures Semi-structured interviews were undertaken, with guiding questions related to the women's experience during pregnancy. The Colaizzi method was used with transcripts that had been translated and back translated from Swahili to English and then hand-coded by the interviewer, with independent review by another researcher to verify the analysis. Results PRA, as experienced by women in Mwanza, was a state of worry and concern, often causing physical symptoms, and disrupting personal sense of peace. While some themes in the women's experiences reflected the domains examined in the PRA scale used to identify potential participants, others such as lack of knowledge, partner relationship, interactions with the healthcare system, spirituality and fear of HIV/AIDS were otherwise missing. Their prominence in the participants’ stories broadens our understanding of PRA. Conclusions The realities and viewpoints of women in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) experiencing PRA are still relatively unknown. The findings from this study provided much-needed insight into the perspectives and priorities of women in Mwanza who have experienced PRA and further support the need to explore this phenomenon in other LMIC. The additional domains identified reinforce the need for a PRA tool that accurately and adequately capture the complexities of PRA for women in this region.
BlueHealth: a study programme protocol for mapping and quantifying the potential benefits to public health and well-being from Europe’s blue spaces

Introduction Proximity and access to water have long been central to human culture and accordingly deliver countless societal benefits. Over 200 million people live on Europe's coastline, and aquatic environments are the top recreational destination in the region. In terms of public health, interactions with ‘blue space’ (eg, coasts, rivers, lakes) are often considered solely in terms of risk (eg, drowning, microbial pollution). Exposure to blue space can, however, promote health and well-being and prevent disease, although underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Aims and methods The BlueHealth project aims to understand the relationships between exposure to blue space and health and well-being, to map and quantify the public health impacts of changes to both natural blue spaces and associated urban infrastructure in Europe, and to provide evidence-based information to policymakers on how to maximise health benefits associated with interventions in and around aquatic environments. To achieve these aims, an evidence base will be created through systematic reviews, analyses of secondary data sets and analyses of new data collected through a bespoke international survey and a wide range of community-level interventions. We will also explore how to deliver the benefits associated with blue spaces to those without direct access through the use of virtual reality. Scenarios will be developed that allow the evaluation of health impacts in plausible future societal contexts and changing environments. BlueHealth will develop key inputs into policymaking and land/water-use planning towards more salutogenic and sustainable uses of blue space, particularly in urban areas. Ethics and dissemination Throughout the BlueHealth project, ethics review and approval are obtained for all relevant aspects of the study by the local ethics committees prior to any work being initiated and an ethics expert has been appointed to the project advisory board. So far, ethical approval has been obtained for the BlueHealth International Survey and for community-level interventions taking place in Spain, Italy and the UK. Engagement of stakeholders, including the public, involves citizens in many aspects of the project. Results of all individual studies within the BlueHealth project will be published with open access. After full anonymisation and application of any measures necessary to prevent disclosure, data generated in the project will be deposited into open data repositories of the partner institutions, in line with a formal data management plan. Other knowledge and tools developed in the project will be made available via the project website (www.bluehealth2020.eu). Project results will ultimately provide key inputs to planning and policy relating to blue space, further stimulating the integration of environmental and health considerations into decision-making, such that blue infrastructure is developed across Europe with both public health and the environment in mind.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants, psychological interventions, and their combination for depressive disorder in children and adolescents: protocol for a network meta-analysis

Introduction Depressive disorder is common in children and adolescents, with important consequences and serious impairments in terms of personal and social functioning. While both pharmacological and psychological interventions have been shown to be effective, there is still uncertainty about the balance between these and what treatment strategy should be preferred in clinical practice. Therefore, we aim to compare and rank in a network meta-analysis (NMA) the commonly used psychological, pharmacological and combined interventions for depressive disorder in children and adolescents. Methods and analysis We will update the literature search of two previous NMAs for the identification of trials of antidepressant and psychotherapy alone for depressive disorder in children and adolescents. For identification of trials of combination interventions, seven databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LiLACS) will be searched from date of inception. We will also search ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and check relevant reports on the US Food and Drug Administration website for unpublished data. Building on our previous findings in the field, we will include any commonly prescribed oral antidepressants and any manualised or structured psychotherapies, as well as their combinations. Randomised controlled trials assessing any active intervention against active comparator or pill placebo/psychological controls in acute treatment for depressive disorder in children and adolescents will be included. The primary outcomes will be efficacy (mean change in depressive symptoms), and acceptability of treatment (dropout rate due to any cause). The secondary outcomes will be remission rate, tolerability of treatment (dropouts for adverse events), as well as suicide-related outcomes (suicidal behaviour or ideation). We will perform Bayesian NMAs for all relative outcome measures. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Dissemination This NMA will provide the most up to date and clinically useful information about the comparative efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants, psychological intervention and their combination in the acute treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorder. This is the newest NMA and therefore these results are very important in terms of evidence-based medicine. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Protocol registration PROSPERO CRD42015020841.
Uptake of Lipophilic Organic Cu, Cd, and Pb Complexes in the Coastal Diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii.

Short-term uptake experiments using the coastal diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii demonstrated that low molecular weight, lipophilic, organic Cu, Cd, and Pb complexes enter the cell by diffusion across the plasma membrane. This passive uptake mechanism acts in parallel to facilitated transport, which involves an equilibrium between free metal ions in solution and surface transport sites. Neither the observed permeability coefficents nor the calculated theoretical permeability coefficents for these lipophilic organic compleres account for the increased cellular Cu concentration observed over 5 h. Furthermore, permeability measwements cannot explain the discrepancy in cellular concentrations between Cu, Cd, and Pb in the lipophilic organic metal treatments
A Review of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy and Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Major Depression: Implications for Mental Health Social Work Practice

Abstract A systematic review of the literature regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive-behaviour therapy and short-term psychodynamic therapy in the treatment of major depression in adults was conducted. This search of electronic databases (PsycArticles, PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts and PsycLIT) was conducted between August and October 2011 and resulted in full text review of 13 publications. On balance the evidence, largely derived from randomised controlled trials, supported cognitive-behaviour therapy as the more efficacious treatment. The evidence for the efficacy of short-term psychodynamic therapy was somewhat fragmented due to the paucity of controlled studies, with the evidence base for short-term psychodynamic therapy relying heavily upon meta-analyses. There was comparable evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive-behaviour therapy and short-term psychodynamic therapy on the basis of standardised clinical outcome measures. More high-quality randomised controlled trials are required to assess the efficacy of short-term psychodynamic therapy for treating major depression, while the methodological challenges of meta-analyses need to be acknowledged where this methodology forms the primary evidence base for efficacy studies.
Carrion Insects Associated with Small Pig Carcasses During Fall in Nova Scotia

ABSTRACT Carrion insects, specifically blow flies of the family Calliphoridae, are of use in forensic entomology because determination of maggot age on a body can be used to accurately estimate time-since-death or post-mortem interval. The accuracy of such predictions requires a good knowledge of the biology of the species indigenous to the geographic area. Factors such as season, geographic location, climate and local fly population densities will determine what species will colonize dead bodies in an area. In Canada, these data are available for only a few regions. The purpose of this work was to record the species composition of insects colonizing pig carcasses from September to November in Nova Scotia. Species in the genus Calliphora were the most commonly encountered. Adults of a Dryomyza sp. (Dryomyzidae) were also common on the carcasses but were not reared from maggot samples collected from the pigs. Other carrion insects such as burying beetles (Silphidae) were also collected.