Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A constituição da teoria da mente: estudo longitudinal sobre uso de termos mentais em situação lúdica e desempenho em tarefas de crença e crença falsa

Compreender estados mentais como desejos, emocoes e crencas e importante para o exito de nossas relacoes cotidianas. A aquisicao e o desenvolvimento dessa habilidade sao aspectos que tem sido estudados sob o nome de Teoria da Mente. Estudar as primeiras manifestacoes dessa compreensao pode colaborar para entender esse desenvolvimento. A presente pesquisa e um estudo longitudinal com o objetivo central de examinar a constituicao da teoria da mente das criancas. Outro objetivo, de carater pratico, e oferecer subsidios para a promocao de atividades escolares favorecedoras desse desenvolvimento. Participaram da pesquisa 58 criancas, 29 meninos e 29 meninas, entre 1a11m e 3a7m, de uma escola de educacao infantil que atende criancas de NSE medio e alto. Os participantes foram acompanhados por 18 meses, em quatro coletas, com intervalos de 6 meses, por meio de dois procedimentos: a) observacoes em situacoes ludicas - as criancas foram video-gravadas brincando em grupos de quatro; b) aplicacao de tarefas - as criancas responderam individualmente a tarefas de crenca e crenca falsa. As verbalizacoes foram transcritas, submetidas ao software SPAD-T para tratamento e categorizadas segundo o tipo de atribuicao de estados mentais. O desempenho nas tarefas foi submetido a Analise Fatorial. Os resultados mostraram que as atribuicoes mais precoces de estados mentais ao outro ocorreram aos 2a5m (emocao), 2a7m (desejo) e 3a2m (crenca). Foram encontradas diferencas em relacao ao periodo de aquisicao de termos relativos a crenca. Os termos mentais mais utilizados foram os verbos gostar, querer e saber. Outras palavras utilizadas com frequencia foram medo, feliz e triste no final do segundo ano de vida e pensar, conhecer, mentir e enganar durante o terceiro ano. A analise fatorial revelou que houve influencia da idade nesse desenvolvimento e encontrou diferentes perfis de desenvolvimento. Os resultados dos dois conjuntos de dados (manifestacoes verbais e desempenho em tarefas) foram utilizados na analise intra-individual de 10 participantes e, em todos os casos, se complementaram na explicacao do comportamento de cada crianca
Garlic intake and cancer risk: an analysis using the Food and Drug Administration's evidence-based review system for the scientific evaluation of health claims.

BACKGROUND Numerous animal and in vitro studies provided evidence for a relation between garlic intake and cancer risk reduction. Several studies also reported an inverse association in humans. However, no claims have been made about garlic intake and cancer risk reduction with respect to food labeling. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence for garlic intake with respect to the risk of different types of cancer using the US Food and Drug Administration's evidence-based review system for the scientific evaluation of health claims. DESIGN Literature searches were conducted by using the Medline and EMBASE databases for the period 1955-2007 with search terms Allium sativum, vegetables, diet, and nutrition in combination with cancer, neoplasm, and individual cancers. The search was limited to human studies published in English and Korean. RESULTS With the use of the US Food and Drug Administration's evidence-based review system for the scientific evaluation of health claims, 19 human studies were identified and reviewed to evaluate the strength of the evidence that supports a relation between garlic intake and reduced risk of different cancers with respect to food labeling. CONCLUSIONS There was no credible evidence to support a relation between garlic intake and a reduced risk of gastric, breast, lung, or endometrial cancer. Very limited evidence supported a relation between garlic consumption and reduced risk of colon, prostate, esophageal, larynx, oral, ovary, or renal cell cancers.
Tension regulates myosin dynamics during Drosophila embryonic wound repair

ABSTRACT Embryos repair epithelial wounds rapidly in a process driven by collective cell movements. Upon wounding, actin and the molecular motor non-muscle myosin II are redistributed in the cells adjacent to the wound, forming a supracellular purse string around the lesion. Purse string contraction coordinates cell movements and drives rapid wound closure. By using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in Drosophila embryos, we found that myosin turns over as the purse string contracts. Myosin turnover at the purse string was slower than in other actomyosin networks that had a lower level of contractility. Mathematical modelling suggested that myosin assembly and disassembly rates were both reduced by tension at the wound edge. We used laser ablation to show that tension at the purse string increased as wound closure progressed, and that the increase in tension was associated with reduced myosin turnover. Reducing purse string tension by laser-mediated severing resulted in increased turnover and loss of myosin. Finally, myosin motor activity was necessary for its stabilization around the wound and for rapid wound closure. Our results indicate that mechanical forces regulate myosin dynamics during embryonic wound repair. Highlighted Article: We quantify non-muscle myosin II dynamics during the coordinated cell movements that drive embryonic wound repair, and demonstrate that mechanical forces and phosphorylation regulate myosin turnover.
Isolation and characterization of marine luminous bacteria from shallow coastal waters of Taiwan.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Marine luminous bacteria were isolated and identified from samples in shallow coastal waters of Taiwan during the relatively warm seasons. METHODS Identification of the luminous isolates was performed based on differences of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics together with data from phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Twenty seven strains of marine luminous bacteria were isolated. They were divided into five types based on differences of phenotypic characteristics. However, they could be clustered into only two genotypes according to the analysis of restriction patterns of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA genes digested with various restriction enzymes. The characterization data together with the 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates included in phenotype I (seven isolates) could be Photobacterium leiognathi, and those included in phenotypes II-V (twenty isolates) might be classified as Vibrio harveyi. However, phylogeny based on gyrB sequences indicated that phenotypes II-V could be classified into two species, V. harveyi and Vibrio campbellii. CONCLUSION Culturable luminous bacteria in the shallow coastal waters of Taiwan during the sampling period are dominated by V. harveyi/campbellii and P. leiognathi, and the former species appeared to be more prevalent and numerous than the latter species in general.
Evaluation of the performance of the Automatic-1-2-3 trend indicator

Der Automatic-1-2-3-Algorithmus ist ein Trendindikator, der von S. Maier-Paape vorgestellt wurde. Mit Hilfe eines sogenannten SAR-Prozesses werden die relevanten Minima und Maxima einer Zeitreihe extrahiert und anhand dieser lassen sich Trends klar definieren. Die so erkannten Trends sind dann masgeblich fur Handelsstrategien. Dieser Algorithmus wird jedoch durch mehrere Parameter gesteuert, wodurch sich sehr viele Variationsmoglichkeiten ergeben. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Frage, ob sich diese Komplexitat auszahlt, oder ob nicht ein viel simplerer Algorithmus ahnliche Ergebnisse erzielt. Bei der Analyse und den Grafiken wird die Statistiksoftware R verwendet. Am Ende zeigt sich, dass ein Algorithmus mit nur einem Parameter gleich gut abschneidet.
Aggression in children with autism spectrum disorders and a clinic-referred comparison group

A gap exists in the literature regarding aggression in autism spectrum disorders and how this behavior compares to other groups. In this multisite study, the Children’s Scale for Hostility and Aggression: Reactive/Proactive and the Aggression subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist were rated for 414 children with autism spectrum disorder (autistic disorder, 69%; pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, 24%; Asperger’s disorder, 7%) and 243 clinic-referred children without autism spectrum disorder, aged 1–21 years (mean age about 7 years). Participants were not selected for aggressive behavior. Relative to the comparison group, children with autism spectrum disorder were reported to have less aggression and were more likely to be rated as reactive rather than proactive. Among all subjects, sex was not associated with aggression; higher IQ/adaptive behavior and older age were associated with more sophisticated types of aggression, while lower scores on IQ, adaptive behavior, and communication measures were associated with more physical aggression. The interaction between demographic variables and diagnosis was significant only for age: younger but not older children with autism spectrum disorder showed less aggression than clinic-referred controls.
A pilot study to investigate the effect of plate size on meal energy intake in normal weight and overweight/obese women.

BACKGROUND Smaller plates are often recommended as a strategy for controlling energy intake; however, the effect of plate size on meal energy intake in normal weight compared to overweight or obese individuals is not known. The present study aimed to investigate this further. METHODS Ten normal weight [mean (SD) body mass index, 21.7 (2.0) kg m(-2) ] and 10 overweight or obese [31.7 (3.6) kg m(-2) ] women attended a metabolic laboratory on two separate days for lunch. In this cross-over study, subjects were randomly assigned to eat lunch using either a small (21.6 cm) or a large (27.4 cm) plate. Each subject self-served spaghetti mixed with tomato sauce from an individual serving bowl onto the assigned plate, and ate until satisfied. The meal was consumed alone at a private table. During the second study day, each subject underwent the same procedure but used the alternate size plate. The amount eaten and energy consumed were calculated and a mixed effects analysis of variance model was used to compare energy intakes. RESULTS Energy intakes using the small and large plate were 1356 (515) and 1365 (393) kJ, respectively, in normal weight subjects and 1314 (632) and 1226 (431) kJ, respectively, in overweight/obese subjects. Neither plate size, nor plate size by weight status significantly affected meal energy intake. There was no plate size by weight status effect on ratings of palatability, hunger, satiety, fullness or prospective consumption. CONCLUSIONS Plate size did not affect energy intake from a single meal in either the normal weight or overweight/obese subjects.
Effect of Perceived Proximity to End of Task upon End-Spurt

2 experiments employing different types of tasks (vigilance and rotary pursuit tracking) were carried out to determine the relationship between S‘s perceived proximity to the end of the task and the occurrence of end-spurt (performance improvement as the end of a task is approached). In both experiments significant end-spurt occurred when Ss were led to believe that the task was 90% completed. This finding was difficult to explain since questionnaire data showed nothing unique about the meaning of “90%. ” An arousal interpretation of the end-spurt phenomenon was offered but a distinction was made between end-spurt occurring in laboratory situations and industrial settings.
Early-, middle-, and late-developing sounds in monolingual and bilingual children: an exploratory investigation.

PURPOSE To examine the accuracy of early-, middle-, and late-developing (EML) sounds in Spanish-English bilingual children and their monolingual peers. METHOD Twenty-four typically developing children, age 3-4 years, were included in this study: 8 bilingual Spanish-English-speaking children, 8 monolingual Spanish speakers, and 8 monolingual English speakers. Single-word speech samples were obtained to examine (a) differences on the accuracy of EML sounds between Spanish-English bilingual children and monolingual Spanish and monolingual English children and (b) the developmental trend on the accuracy of EML sounds within languages for Spanish-English bilingual children and monolingual Spanish and monolingual English children. RESULTS Findings support those of Shriberg (1993) for English-speaking children and suggest possible EML categories for monolingual Spanish-speaking children and bilingual Spanish-English-speaking children. CONCLUSIONS These exploratory findings indicate the need for longitudinal examination of EML categories with a larger cohort of children to observe similarities and differences between monolingual and bilingual development.
Dependence of Sap Flow and Stem Diameter Fluctuation of Grapevines on Reference Evapotranspiration: An Event Coincidence Analysis

The use of plant-based water status indicators is today very common because the plant itself is the best indicator of its water status, the data acquisition at a high resolution across larger temporal scale and its analysis is now more affordable, and plant water status controls many physiological processes and crop productivity, thus this information has great practical interest for crop management, in particular the water management. Grapes are widely cultivated worldwide but they are concentrated in Mediterranean type climates where water is scarce and face increased competition with other stakeholders. For these reasons but also because water influence vegetative growth and reproductive growth, yield and berry composition through their effects on berry size and on photosynthetic activity, vineyard water management has received great attention [1,2]. Vineyards managers try to maximize the water use efficiency at the cost of some reduction in crop yield that is not detrimental for the wine makers as the highest crop loads are linked to low grape quality, in fact, limitations to grape yield are a common practice for a market standard wine production and premium wines [3]. To determine the influence of environmental and cultural conditions on vine water use and the grapevine water status, and to manage water in the vineyard, one must use both a physiological indicator that integrates environmental conditions and tools to evaluate water use [4].
‘That bhikkhu lets go both the near and far shores’: meaning and metaphor in the refrain from the uraga verses

The uraga (‘serpent’) verses are some early Buddhist stanzas, preserved in different versions, each with the refrain (in Pāli at Sn vv.1–17) so bhikkhu jahāti orapāraṃ, urago jiṇṇam iva tacaṃ purāṇaṃ , ‘That bhikkhu lets go both the near and far shores, like a serpent its worn-out old skin’. The meaning of orapāra , ‘near and far shores’, has posed a problem for ancient and modern commentators, because according to the usual metaphor of ‘crossing the flood’ the bhikkhu lets go the ‘near shore’, which is saṃsāra, to reach the safety of the ‘far shore’, which is nirvāṇa. I discuss some commentarial and recent discussions of the refrain, before presenting two possible solutions to this problem: first in terms of the old binary cosmology, whereby the bhikkhu lets go the ‘near shore’ of this world and the ‘far shore’ of the other, and second in terms of the ‘stream of the Dharma’ metaphor, in which the bhikkhu lets go the ‘near shore’ of the subjective sense spheres and the ‘far shore’ of the objective sense spheres. I conclude with a consideration of metaphor in the uraga verses refrain, and how the refrain may be an example of early Buddhist non-dualism.
Ion Conductivity of the Bacterial Translocation Channel SecYEG Engaged in Translocation*

Background: How SecYEG excludes ions during protein translocation is not known. Results: SecYEG gating is voltage-sensitive. Conclusion: Voltage minimizes the ion leak that is induced by stalling a translocation intermediate. Significance: Preservation of the proton motif force requires voltage-driven conformational changes. While engaged in protein transport, the bacterial translocon SecYEG must maintain the membrane barrier to small ions. The preservation of the proton motif force was attributed to (i) cation exclusion, (ii) engulfment of the nascent chain by the hydrophobic pore ring, and (iii) a half-helix partly plugging the channel. In contrast, we show here that preservation of the proton motif force is due to a voltage-driven conformational change. Preprotein or signal peptide binding to the purified and reconstituted SecYEG results in large cation and anion conductivities only when the membrane potential is small. Physiological values of membrane potential close the activated channel. This voltage-dependent closure is not dependent on the presence of the plug domain and is not affected by mutation of 3 of the 6 constriction residues to glycines. Cellular ion homeostasis is not challenged by the small remaining leak conductance.
Integrating mobile sensing and social network for personalized health-care application

In the past decade, the rates of overweight and obesity have been increasing dramatically worldwide, which lead to serious health risks, including heart diseases, diabetes, and various cancers. Clearly, to improve the health conditions, physical activities and diet are the most important factors for people to control the weight and thus achieve healthy lifestyle. Motivated by the amazingly growth of smartphone ownership and the sensing technologies, in this paper, we propose a mobile-sensing based health recognition and recommendation framework, namely, H-Rec2. The main idea is to use smartphone to unobtrusively record and analyze the user's physical activity and health status, and at the same time obtain the personalized health food recommendations from the remote server. To demonstrate the idea, we implemented a prototype system and conduct systematic experiments to evaluate performance. The evaluation results confirm the proposed approaches with regard to the effectiveness and usability.
Clinical implementation of NIPT – technical and biological challenges

Non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal aneuploidy detection is increasingly being offered in the clinical setting. Whereas the majority of tests only report fetal trisomies 21, 18 and 13, genome‐wide analyses have the potential to detect other fetal, as well as maternal, aneuploidies. In this review, we discuss the technical and clinical advantages and challenges associated with genome‐wide cell‐free fetal DNA profiling.
Widespread Distribution and Identification of Eight Novel Microcystins in Antarctic Cyanobacterial Mats

ABSTRACT The microcystin (MC) content and cyanobacterial community structure of Antarctic microbial mat samples collected from 40 ponds, lakes, and hydroterrestrial environments were investigated. Samples were collected from Bratina Island and four of the Dry Valleys, Wright, Victoria, Miers, and Marshall. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and protein phosphatase 2A (PP-2A) inhibition assays resulted in the identification of low levels (1 to 16 mg/kg [dry weight]) of MCs in all samples. A plot of indicative potencies of MCs (PP-2A inhibition assay/ELISA ratio) versus total MCs (ELISA) showed a general decrease in potency, as total MC levels increased, and a clustering of values from discrete geographic locations. LC-tandem MS analysis on selected samples identified eight novel MC congeners. The low-energy collisional activation spectra were consistent with variants of [d-Asp3] MC-RR and [d-Asp3] MC-LR containing glycine [Gly1] rather than alanine and combinations of homoarginine [hAr2] or acetyldemethyl 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-4,6-decadienoic acid (acetyldemethyl ADDA) [ADMAdda5] substitutions. Nostoc sp. was identified as a MC producer using PCR amplification of a region of the 16S rRNA gene and the aminotransferase domain of the mcyE gene. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) was undertaken to enable a comparison of cyanobacterial mat community structure from distant geographical locations. Two-dimensional multidimensional scaling ordination analysis of the ARISA data showed that in general, samples from the same geographic location tended to cluster together. ARISA also enabled the putative identification of the MC-producing Nostoc sp. from multiple samples.
Epidermal growth factor receptor copy number alterations correlate with poor clinical outcome in patients with head and neck squamous cancer.

PURPOSE Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is common in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recent studies showed that EGFR inhibitors are effective for patients with HNSCC. This study analyzed the genetic nature of EGFR gene in HNSCC and its clinical correlations. PATIENTS AND METHODS The EGFR gene copy numbers in 134 HNSCC tumors were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The status of EGFR gene copy numbers was analyzed with clinical parameters including clinical outcome. Mutation status of EGFR exons 18, 19, and 21 was determined in the HNSCC tumors. RESULTS Aberrant EGFR copy numbers were found in 32 (24%) of 134 tumors, including 22 (17%) with increased copy number and 10 (7%) with decreased copy number. Patients whose tumors had EGFR copy number alterations (particularly patients with increased copy numbers) had significantly poorer overall, cancer-specific, and disease-free survivals compared with patients with normal copy numbers (P < .0001). At 5 years after initial diagnosis, 20 (91%) of the 22 patients with increased copy numbers died of disease compared with 30 (29%) of the 102 patients with normal copy number. No mutations on EGFR exons 18, 19, and 21 were detected in any of the tumors. CONCLUSION A subset of HNSCC manifests EGFR copy number alterations, and this is associated with a poor clinical outcome, suggesting a biologic role of the alterations. The rare mutation or small deletion at EGFR exons 18 to 21 indicates a minimal role of these events in HNSCC.