Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Corporate Governance Practices on the Executive Compensation

This study aims to identify the effect of the quality of corporate governance practices on the configurations and values of executive compensation. According to agency theory, good corporate governance practices contribute to reducing information asymmetries between shareholders and managers and, consequently, the potential for managerial opportunism, reducing the need for incentives to align interests. In this sense, three hypotheses were elaborated relating the quality of corporate governance practices of companies with (1) the executive remuneration values, (2) the conformity gap, and (3) the share held by the CEO in relation to the other members of the C -level (CEO pay slice). These hypotheses were verified for companies listed in the Brazilian stock market, characterized by the predominance of concentrated ownership. Based on a sample of 174 companies with the highest liquidity, accounting for about 40% of the universe, and using as control variables the size of the company and its sector of activity, no significant effects of the quality of governance were observed on the remuneration structures executive share or on the CEO's share of the C-level total. However, a significant relationship between the quality of governance and compliance with good remuneration practices was observed, evidencing a lower conformity gap. The results contribute to the governance and executive remuneration literature by pointing out potencial flaws in agency theory and information asymmetries as justification for executive compensation practices.
Measuring the Climate Variability Impact on Cash Crops Farming in India: An Empirical Investigation

This study investigates the climate variability impact on potato, cotton, groundnut and sesame crops in Indian states. Thereupon, it estimates the technical efficiency (TE) of climatic and non-climatic factors in crops farming in Indian states during 1971-2014. Production, yield and area sown of aforementioned crops are considered as dependent variables and regressed with socio-economic and climatic variables using state-wise panel data employing C-D PFM. Sates-wise TE of cash crops is estimated using SFPFM under non-parametric condition. Estimates indicate that climate variability show negative impact on production, yield and area sown of aforesaid cash crops. Thus, it is essential to adopt effective policy to mitigate the negative consequences of climate variability in cash crop farming in India. Cropped area, production and yield of cash crops are negatively impacted due to climatic variability in India. So there needs to adopt crop specific policies to mitigate the negative impact of climate variability in cash crop farming. Finally, it estimates the technical efficiency (TE) of cash crop using SFPFM across Indian states. Estimated values of TE for production, yield and area sown of associated crops imply that there is significant variation in TE due to climate variability and huge diversity in socio-economic characteristic across Indian states. Thus, most of states have potential opportunity to increase production and yield of cash crops through enlightening technical efficiency of inputs in cultivation.
Deep learning applications for transition-based dependency parsing

Dependency Parsing is a method that builds dependency trees consisting of binary relations that describe the syntactic role of words in sentences. Recently, dependency parsing has seen large improvements due to deep learning, which enabled richer feature representations and flexible architectures. In this thesis we focus on the application of these methods to Transition-based parsing, which is a faster variant. We explore current architectures and examine ways to improve their representation capabilities and final accuracies. Our first contribution is an improvement on the basic architecture at the heart of many current parsers. We show that using Recurrent Neural Network hidden layers, initialised with pretrained weights from a feed forward network, provides significant accuracy improvements. Second, we examine the best parser architecture. We show that separate classifiers for dependency parsing and labelling, with a shared input layer provides the best accuracy. We also show that a parser and labeller can be successfully trained separately. Finally, we propose Recursive LSTM Trees, which can represent an entire tree as a single dense vector, and achieve competitive accuracy with minimal features. The parsers that we develop in this thesis cover many aspects of this task, and are easy to integrate with current methods.
Validity of Peripheral Capillary Oxygen Saturation and Normal Mixed Venous Oxygen Tension in Measurement of O2 Content

Background The change in venous oxygen saturation occurs earlier, and even its reduction is faster than arterial oxygen saturation. The aim of this study was to validate SvO2 and PvO2 for O2 content measurement in children hospitalized with respiratory distress. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 80 children who were admitted with respiratory distress were included in the study according to the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baseline characteristics such as age and gender were recorded in the data collection form, designed by the researcher. In order to determine the amount of SaO2 and PaO2 the arterial blood sample was prepared, venous blood sample was prepared to determine the amount of hemoglobin, SvO2 and PvO2. The gold standard for the determination of O2 content was the arterial blood sample. All samples were examined by a blood gas analyzer and then calculated using the formula of O2 content values. For SvO2 and PvO2 validation, we used diagnostic analysis methods including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Cut-point value for SvO2 and PvO2 were 76.50 and 44.30, respectively. Results In this study, the patients’ mean age was 5.15 ± 4.20 years. 62.5% (n=50) were male and 38.5% (n=30) were female. The values ​​of arterial and venous O2 content were 14.13 ± 3.05 and 11.95 ± 3.04 from a total of 80 patients. SvO2 and PvO2 for measuring O2 content had a sensitivity of 80.5 and 71.80%, respectively, and specificity of 80.5 and 78%, respectively. Conclusion SvO2 and PvO2 have good validity for evaluating O2 content in patients admitted to PICU. So that SvO2 had a sensitivity and specificity of over 80%, and PvO2 had a sensitivity and specificity of over 70%.
Estudio de zeolitas procedentes de depósitos argentinos

Esta tesis se ha desarrollado en el marco de un Proyecto de Investigacion de ANPCyT (14-12174), del tipo interdisciplinario, dirigido al estudio de zeolitas procedentes de depositos nacionales, con el objeto de analizar su potencialidad tecnologica, particularmente en areas como la agronomica, el control ambiental y la catalisis. La versatilidad estructural de este tipo de especies minerales ofrece permanentes oportunidades de estudio desde el punto de vista quimico y tecnologico, actividad que, para su fortalecimiento necesariamente requiere la complementacion de otras disciplinas asi como el analisis de situaciones vigentes tanto a nivel nacional como regional, que requieren del aporte de soluciones para mejorar aspectos socio-economicos y productivos.
Public Firm Presence, Financial Reporting, and the Decline of U.S. Manufacturing

We document a positive association between public firm presence and subsequent import competition. We use cross-sectional differences in the expected costs of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as an instrument for changes in public firm presence after the Act, and find evidence that changes in public firm presence cause changes in import competition. We further use differences in the proportion of German firms reporting publicly around a major enforcement reform as a natural mechanism experiment. We find evidence that financial reporting is the mechanism through which public firm presence affects import competition. Additional mechanism tests and a falsification test estimated in the United Kingdom, where both public and most private firms report publicly, further support this inference. In total, our evidence suggests that foreign competitors make use of the performance and investment information disclosed in mandatory financial reports to compete with domestic firms.
Rival Team Effects in Cause-Related Sports Marketing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how reference to a rival or favorite sports team within cause-related sports marketing (CRSM) campaigns affects fans’ intentions to support the cause. The purpose of the studies is to assess the perils of featuring a specific team in league-wide activations of cause-related marketing. Design/methodology/approach The research comprises three experiments. Study 1 employs CRSM advertising to test fans’ responses when rival or hometown team imagery is featured by Major League Baseball (MLB). Studies 2 and 3 utilize a press release to activate a cause partnership in MLB and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and assess the potential influence of team involvement and schadenfreude toward the rival team. Findings Contrary to previous research, results demonstrate that rival team presence in league-wide activation can reduce intentions to support the cause effort across both leagues, but not in all circumstances. The influence of rival team exposure on perceived sincerity is moderated by team involvement with the cause in MLB, but not the NBA. However, sincerity consistently enhances cause support across all studies. While conditional effects of schadenfreude are noted, it is not a significant moderator of cause support. Research limitations/implications This research exposes the nuance of league-wide CRSM activations. Specifically, the rival team effect on perceived sincerity seems to be league dependent, and subject to team involvement with the cause. Moreover, these results are limited to the leagues studied. Practical implications League administrators and their cause-related partners should exercise due diligence when promoting their affiliation using specific teams and levels of involvement with the cause. Originality/value These studies produce results that differ from the limited prior research within the domain of league-wide CRSM, and therefore advance the conversation regarding how best to activate such campaigns.
Profile of Patients With Acute Low Back Pain Who Sought Emergency Departments: A Cross-sectional Study.

STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe the profile of patients with acute low back pain (LBP) who sought emergency departments (EDs) in Brazilian public hospitals. We also described the profile of these patients according to the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA LBP is the most common musculoskeletal condition worldwide and is one of the main complaints in EDs. There is a lack of evidence describing the profile of these patients from low- to middle-income countries. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving patients with a new episode of nonspecific acute LBP that was conducted between August 2014 and August 2016. Variables related to clinical, psychological, sociodemographic and work status characteristics were investigated through structured, in-person oral questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 600 patients were included in the study. The majority of the patients were women (58%), with a median of eight points on pain intensity (measured on an 11-point scale) and 17 points on disability (measured on a 24-item questionnaire). With regards to the SBST evaluation, 295 (49.2%) patients were classified as being at high risk of developing an unfavorable prognosis with a median pain intensity of nine points on pain intensity, 20 points on disability, and seven points on depression (measured on an 11-point scale). Despite this, the majority of the patients (74%) continued working normally without interference from LBP. CONCLUSION Identifying the profile of patients seeking care in EDs can help to define effective management for LBP in low- and middle-income countries. Patients with nonspecific acute LBP who seek EDs in Brazil present high levels of pain intensity and disability. Most patients were classified as having a high risk of developing an unfavorable prognosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
BIOMASSA DAN KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL TOTAL DAUN JAHE (Zingiber officinale L.) YANG MENGALAMI CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mempelajari pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap biomassa dan kandungan klorofil total daun pada jahe (Zingiber officinale L.). Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 2 perlakuan dalam 3 ulangan. Tanaman jahe dengan 5 helai daun yang ditanam dalam polybag disirami sampai kapasitas lapang (kontrol) dan tidak disirami (kekeringan) selama 7 hari. Biomassa dan kandungan klorofil total daun diukur sebelum perlakuan kekeringan dimulai (hari ke-0) dan 7 hari setelah perlakuan kekeringan (hari ke-7). Pertambahan biomassa daun pada tanaman jahe kontrol 54% lebih besar daripada tanaman jahe yang mengalami kekeringan selama7 hari. Kekeringan selama 7 hari menurunkan kandungan klorofil total daun jahe. BIOMASS AND CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL ON GINGER (Zingiber Officinale L.) LEAF UNDER WATER DEFICIT ABSTRACT The effect of water deficit on biomass and concentration of total chlorophyll was studied on ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) leaf. The experiment consisted of 1 cultivars grown in 2 water regimes, with 3 replicates, in a randomized complete block design. The two water regimes were well-watered (watered until field capacity) and water deficit obtained by withholding water on 5-leaf-ginger plants during 7 days. Biomass and concentration of total chlorophyll on ginger leaf were measured before water deficit treatment commenced (day 0) and 7 days after water deficit treatment (day 7). The increase of leaf biomass in control plants was 54% higher than in water-deficit plants and leaf total chlorophyll decreased 8% after 7-day-water-deficit.
The Effects of Low-Tech and High-Tech Active Student Responding Strategies during History Instruction for Students with SLD

Instruction in history is important for all students. However, students with specifi c learning disabilities (SLD) often struggle to learn information in this content area. Instructional strategies proven effective for students with SLD are those that include active student responding (ASR), which are observable, measurable responses to instructional antecedents. Using an alternating treatments design, we compared a low-tech ASR condition (interactive notebook strategy) to a high-tech ASR condition (Quizlet Application on an iPad) used as end-of-session reviews of history content. Participants were seven Hispanic middle school students with SLD. Results showed that all participants made improvements using either ASR method over a series of pretest control probes and that differences between the two conditions were negligible. These results, and implications for practice and future research, are discussed.
An Australian Mirage

This thesis contains a detailed academic analysis of the complete rise and fall of Christopher Skase and his Qintex group mirage. It uses David Harvey's 'Condition of Postmodernity' to locate the collapse within the Australian political economic context of the period (1974-1989). It does so in order to answer questions about why and how the mirage developed, why and how it failed, and why Skase became the scapegoat for the Australian corporate excesses of the 1980s. I take a multi-disciplinary approach and consider corporate collapse, corporate regulation and the role of accounting, and corporate deviance.
Does Money Matter for Intergenerational Income Transmission?

The intergenerational income elasticity (IIE) is a crucial measure of income mobility. In this article, we develop a structural model to examine the channels through which this elasticity operates. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we separately identify the human capital and the financial components. The human capital component examines the transmission of human capital, independent of financial investments, whereas the financial component examines the impact of income that is uncorrelated with human capital, that is, exogenous income. Using a two‐stage framework, we show that the IIE operates through both channels. Moreover, our estimates show that the financial component may have a larger effect than previously estimated, plausibly attributing to 36% of intergenerational income transmission. Indeed, this result holds even when the financial component is defined in an incredibly narrow manner. This suggests that cash payments could promote intergenerational mobility.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Novel Surgical Approach (A Review of Literature)

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with considerable health risks. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment, but its efficacy is reduced by inadequate adherence to treatment. Surgical treatment for OSA has evolved to neuromodulation with the advent of hypoglossal nerve stimulation. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of hypoglossal nerve stimulation in the treatment of OSA syndrome. Methods: Studies were included that evaluated the efficacy of hypoglossal nerve stimulation to treat OSA. Six prospective studies were included in this trial. Results: Six studies with a total of 242 patients were included in this review. All the studies demonstrated a reduction in apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI), Oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Despite using different hypoglossal nerve stimulators in each subgroup analysis, no significant difference was found in any of the comparisons, suggesting equivalent efficacy regardless of the system in use. Conclusion: Hypoglossal nerve stimulation ( HGNS) therapy effective alternative treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in CPAP intolerant selected group of patients. A. Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Novel Surgical Approach (A Review of Literature).
Novel non-pharmacological insomnia treatment – a pilot study

Objective The objective of this prospective pilot study was to examine the effects of a novel non-pharmacological device (BioBoosti) on insomnia symptoms in adults. Methods Subjects with chronic insomnia were instructed to hold the device in each hand for 8 mins for 6 cycles on a nightly basis for 2 weeks. Outcomes tested included standardized subjective sleep measures assessing sleep quality, insomnia symptoms, and daytime sleepiness. Sleep was objectively quantified using electroencephalogram (EEG) before and after 2 weeks of treatment with BioBoosti, and wrist actigraphy throughout the study. Results Twenty adults (mean age: 45.6±17.1 y/o; range 18–74 y/o) were enrolled in the study. No significant side effects were noted by any of the subjects. After 2 weeks of BioBoosti use, subjects reported improved sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: 12.6±3.3 versus 8.5±3.7, p=0.001) and reduced insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index: 18.2±5.2 versus 12.8±7.0, p<0.001). Sleepiness, as assessed by a visual analog scale, was significantly reduced after treatment (5.7±2.8 versus 4.0±3.3, p=0.03). Conclusion BioBoosti use yielded an improvement in insomnia symptoms. Larger placebo-controlled studies are needed to fully assess efficacy.
Interdependence of Securitized Real Estate in Frontier Markets

Regional interdependence among the real estate markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is tested by using a variety of techniques. Econometric tests that involve error correction, symmetric/asymmetric autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and structural time series models are utilized. The results reveal the absence of long-run relationships, thus indicating cross-sectional efficiency. However, strong evidence is found for both short and long-run dynamic interdependence when the model allows for asymmetric responses. Finally, the results from the structural time series modeling show that a weak form of interdependence is present, which partly shows that other factors of significant impact explain for the real estate fluctuation other than the corresponding prices of the neighboring countries. Plausible fiscal and monetary policy recommendations are presented.
Diferenciales Salariales por Género y Región en Colombia: Una Aproximación con Regresión por Cuantiles (Wage Gap by Gender and Region in Colombia: A Quantile Regression Approach)

La existencia de brechas salariales por genero es un fenomeno que, al igual que en muchos otros paises, esta presente en el mercado laboral colombiano. Esas brechas no son homogeneas a traves del territorio y ello justifica un analisis detallado de lo que ocurre en cada una de las regiones del pais. Los resultados muestran diferenciales de salarios positivos a favor de los hombres en la mayoria de las ciudades principales. No todo este diferencial puede ser atribuido a la existencia de discriminacion por cuanto existen factores que explican parte de la brecha salarial. Para ello se emplea la descomposicion de Blinder-Oaxaca en el contexto de regresion por cuantiles. Los resultados de la aplicacion de la metodologia de BO sugieren que las brechas salariales no estan explicadas por los atributos observables de los individuos. Dichas brechas son en su mayoria explicadas por el efecto de las diferencias en la remuneracion a los atributos tales como la educacion, y a elementos no observados. Por ciudades el estudio muestra patrones que revelan una mayor brecha salarial en las ciudades perifericas en contraposicion a las de Bogota, Cali, Medellin, Manizales y Pereira. Dado que el efecto remuneracion comprende, entre otros, la posible existencia de discriminacion por genero, es importante que se le otorgue la debida atencion a este resultado para efectos de la formulacion de politicas de genero.The evidence of gender pay gap is present in the Colombian labor market, as in many other countries. This gap is not homogeneous in the territory, which provides the rationale for a detailed analysis of what is happening in each of the regions of the country. The results show differentials of positive wage gaps in favor of men, in most of the main cities. Not all this difference can be attributed to the existence of discrimination as there exist factors that explain part of the wage gap. To identify the relevance of those factors we use the Blinder-Oaxaca, BO, decomposition in the context of quantile regression. The results of the BO method suggest that wage gaps are not explained by the observable attributes of individuals. These gaps are mostly explained by the effect of pay gaps to attributes such as education, and unobserved attributes. The analysis by cities shows patterns that reveal a higher wage gap in the peripheral cities as opposed to Bogota, Cali, Medellin, Manizales and Pereira. Differences in compensation to attributes are represented by what is known as the coefficients effect. This effect comprises as well the existence of discrimination by gender, thus this result deserves special attention for the purposes of gender equalizing payment policies.