Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Low-Power Quadrature Local Oscillator Using Current-Mode-Logic Ring Oscillator and Frequency Triplers

This letter presents a current-mode-logic (CML) ring oscillator integrated with two frequency triplers for quadrature local-oscillator generation. Quadrature signals and frequency-doubled signals of the CML ring oscillator are propagated to drive two single-balanced mixers for up-converting the frequency by triple and achieving quadrature output and low power consumption. Fabricated by a TSMC 90 nm CMOS technology, the proposed circuit consumed 8.7 mW dc power at a 1.2 V supply voltage and achieved an output frequency of 16.56 to 19.8 GHz (17.8%) at a Vtune of 0 to 1.2 V. The phase noise of - 104.6 dBc/Hz was measured from the output signal at a 1 MHz offset frequency. A remarkable figure of merit with a tuning range evaluated at - 188.4 was also obtained.
Merged arithmetic for computing wavelet transforms

A variation of merged arithmetic is applied to the implementation of the wavelet transform. This approach offers a simple design trade-off between the computational accuracy and the complexity. Our analysis shows that the trade-off is a function of the input data resolution, the number of filter taps, the arithmetic precision, and the level of the wavelet transform. The design parameter can be also fixed for a given number of taps and used to determine the minimum word size for the wavelet coefficients of the transform. The key element of this approach is to introduce a "truncation" within the merged arithmetic reduction process which provides equivalent throughput with substantially less complexity. An experiment has been conducted to verify the analysis, which suggests that 24-bit merged arithmetic is required for the EZW algorithm to handle up to a level 6-wavelet transform.
The Quality of Accounting Information and The Accounting Information System through The Internal Control Systems: A Study on Ministry and State Agencies of The Republic of Indonesia

The purpose of this study is an attempt to explain, but not empirically tested, the effect of the effectiveness of internal control system (general and application controls) on the quality of accounting information systems (ease of use, usefulness and usage) and its impact on the quality of accounting information (relevance, accuracy, and verifiability) in order to develop a theoretical framework as a basis of the hypothesis as an answer to the question of the study, that is, to the extent of which: (1) the effect of internal control on accounting information systems (AISs), (2) the effect of internal control on the quality of accounting information, and (3) the effect of the quality of accounting information systems on the quality of accounting information. This study will use a t test by ? = 0.05 to test each of the proposed hypothesis. The study is scheduled to be conducted in 85 Ministries and State Agencies of the Republic of Indonesia. Also explained in this paper is the research methodology used. Keywords : Internal Control, Quality of Accounting Information Systems, Quality of Accounting Information
Corporate Philanthropic Disaster Response and Post Performance: Evidence from China

This paper examines whether the decision and amount of firm charitable giving in response to catastrophic events are related to firm post-performance, and whether firm ownership type moderates this relationship. Using data on Chinese firmsâ€™ philanthropic response to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, we find that firm future sales growth and ROA change are positively associated with both the probability and the amount of corporate giving. The results also indicate that this positive philanthropic giving-post performance relationship is more pronounced in non-state-owned firms as philanthropic donation is more strategically driven for those firms. This study thus provides evidence suggesting that corporate philanthropic giving furthers firmsâ€™ economic objectives, even in an emerging market setting.
Employee Compensation: Research and Practice

Excerpt] An organization has the potential to remain viable only so long as its members choose to participate and engage in necessary role behaviors (March & Simon, 1958; Katz & Kahn, 1966). To elicit these contributions, an organization must provide inducements that are of value to its members. This exchange or transaction process is at the core of the employment relationship and can be viewed as a type of contract, explicit or implicit, that imposes reciprocal obligations on the parties (Barnard, 1936; Simon, 1951; Williamson, 1975; Rousseau, 1990). At the heart of that exchange are decisions by employers and employees regarding compensation.
Understanding perceived enjoyment and continuance intention in mobile games

Objective of the Study Existing studies of consumer behaviours in mobile games have largely focused on pre-adoption phase while completely ignored the post-adoption behaviours. Additionally, while intrinsic factors such as perceived enjoyment is often reckoned as one of the most important factors affecting consumer behaviours in gaming context, little research has attempted to understand their antecedents. The present study aimed to fill these research gaps and its objective was twofold. Firstly, it examined the role of perceived enjoyment as the driver of mobile game’s continual use. At the same time, it aimed to explore the antecedents of perceived enjoyment in mobile games. The present study limits its scope within the context of casual games only. Methodology Conceptually, the study examined design aesthetics, perceived ease of use, variety, novelty, perceived interactivity, perceived challenge, perceived control and their impact on perceived enjoyment which in turn affect continuance intention. Empirical data was collected using convenient sampling method through online survey, which was distributed on different mobile game forums and social networking sites. The survey resulted in a sample size of 220 valid responses. A two-step structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed as the analysis method for this study. Findings The study identified three key factors that drive perceived enjoyment in casual mobile games: design aesthetic, perceived ease of use and novelty. Together these constructs can explain 59% of variance for users’ perceived enjoyment. Perceived enjoyment had significant effect on continuance intention, explaining 34% of variance in continuance intention.
The Effects of Second-Language Acquisition on Verbal Fluency Among Elderly Israelis

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effect of age of second-language acquisition (Hebrew) on verbal fluency in a random sample of 196 elderly Israelis from four distinct ethnic groups. Using conventional statistics, it was shown that phonemic fluency, particularly switching, is associated with education and the age of Hebrew acquisition, while semantic fluency, particularly clustering, is associated with age. Ethnic differences were not significant after controlling for the age of Hebrew acquisition and education. Additional analyses show that the tendency of subjects to use borrowed, non-Hebrew words on the phonemic fluency task was associated with lower total scores on this task and later age of Hebrew acquisition. In contrast, the tendency to use non-Hebrew words on the semantic fluency task was associated with age and higher total scores. These findings are discussed with regard to recent functional imaging studies of bilingual subjects. Such findings indicate that native and second languages form distinct areas of activation in the dominant anterior language area, an area often associated with phonemic processing and switching, whereas an overlap of activation of various languages has been demonstrated within the posterior language areas, those that are often associated with semantic processing.
Future Reference and Epistemic Modality in Hindi: The gaa particle

This paper is concerned with the interpretation of the Hindi particle gaa , which is often referred to as the `future tense'. Gaa is often used in plain future assertions. In addition to its use in plain future assertions, gaa is also used to make epistemic modal claims that lack future orientation. The paper proceeds from the assumption that the gaa particles in both usages are one and the same.Given that assumption, the primary focus of the paper is to oer a univocal analysis of gaa that specifies the semantic contribution of the morpheme in both instances. The study is partially informed by previous work on the semantics of English will , a morpheme that exhibits similar interpretive variability (i.e. it can befound in both plain future and epistemic utterances - see, among many others, Jespersen 1924; Enc 1996; Hornstein 1990; Sarkar 1998).
Association between ABO Blood Groups and Osteoporosis Severity in Chinese Adults Aged 50 Years and over

This study investigated whether the ABO blood groups contributed to the severity of osteoporosis in 1452 community-dwelling Chinese adults aged 50 – 85 years. Osteoporosis severity was scored as: F0, no osteoporosis; F1, osteopenia; F2, osteoporosis; and F3, severe osteoporosis. The proportions of adults with a non-O blood group were 55.0%, 62.0%, 70.8% and 72.6% for the groups with F0, F1, F2 and F3 osteoporosis scores, respectively. Having a non-O blood group was associated with an increased severity of osteoporosis, even after adjustment for gender, age and cigarette consumption (odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.0, 2.9). This study demonstrated that having a non-O blood group was an independent risk factor for the progression of osteoporosis in Chinese adults with osteoporosis aged ≥ 50 years.
Delay-Dependent Stability Analysis of the Power System With a Wide-Area Damping Controller Embedded

This paper investigates the delay-dependent stability of a power system equipped with a wide-area damping controller (WADC) using a new method which consists of a delay-dependent criterion based on Lyapunov theory and model reduction technique. The delay margin, the maximal delay which allows the closed-loop power system to retain stable, is calculated based on the reduced order model and linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. Both constant and time-varying delays introduced by the transmission of the remote signals are investigated. Cases studies are carried out based on a two-area four-machine power system controlled by a conventional lead-lag WADC and a robust WADC. The relationship between the parameters of WADC and the delay margin has been investigated and is used to guide the design of WADC and achieve a trade-off between the damping performance and delay margin. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation studies.
Bone marrow stromal cells and bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells: Which are suitable as cell source of transplantation for mice infarct brain?

There are few studies that denote whether bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells (MNC) show the same therapeutic effects, when directly transplanted into the infarct brain. This study therefore aimed to compare their biological properties and behaviors in the infarct brain. Mouse BMSC were harvested and cultured. Mouse MNC were obtained through centrifugation techniques. Their cell markers were analyzed with FACS analysis. The MNC (106 cells; n = 10) or BMSC (2 × 105 cells; n = 10) were stereotactically transplanted into the ipsilateral striatum of the mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion at 7 days after the insult. Their survival, migration, and differentiation in the infarct brain were precisely analyzed using immunohistochemistry 4 weeks after transplantation. The MNC were positive for CD34, CD45, CD90, but were negative for Sca‐1. The BMSC were positive for CD90 and Sca‐1. The transplanted BMSC, but not MNC, extensively migrated into the peri‐infarct area. Approximately 20% of the transplanted BMSC expressed a neuronal marker, NeuN in the infarct brain, although only 1.4% of the transplanted MNC expressed NeuN. These findings strongly suggest that there are large, biological differences between MNC and BMSC as cell sources of regenerative medicine for ischemic stroke.
Effects of Pressure Support Ventilation Plus Volume Guarantee vs. High‐frequency Oscillatory Ventilation on Lung Inflammation in Preterm Infants

The aim of the present study was to evaluate if high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) might reduce lung inflammation in preterm infants with infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in comparison with the early application of another potentially lung‐protective ventilation strategy, such as pressure support ventilation plus volume guarantee (PSV + VG). Infants at less than 30 weeks of gestation with RDS were enrolled consecutively in the study if they required mechanical ventilation, and were randomly allocated to receive HFOV or PSV + VG. Bronchial aspirate samples for the measurement of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐8, and IL‐10 were obtained before surfactant treatment (T1), after 6–18 hr of ventilation (T2), after 24–48 hr of ventilation (T3), and before extubation (T4). Thirteen patients were enrolled in the HFOV group, and 12 in the PSV + VG group. The mean values of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and IL‐10 at T4 were lower in the HFOV group than in the PSV + VG group. The present study demonstrates that early treatment with HFOV is associated with a reduction of lung inflammation in comparison with PSV + VG in preterm infants with RDS. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variations in performance of LCDs are still evident after DICOM gray-scale standard display calibration.

OBJECTIVE Quality assurance in medical imaging is directly beneficial to image quality. Diagnostic images are frequently displayed on secondary-class displays that have minimal or no regular quality assurance programs, and treatment decisions are being made from these display types. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of calibration on physical and psychophysical performance of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and the extent of potential variance across various types of LCDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three display types were evaluated from Hewlett Packard, Viewsonic, and NEC, which totalled 36 LCDs. These displays were calibrated to the DICOM gray scale standard display function using a VeriLum photometer and associated software under the same ambient room conditions. The American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 18 test patterns were used to measure minimum and maximum luminance, contrast ratios, luminance response, veiling glare (physical and psychophysical), psychophysical noise, spatial resolution, and display uniformity. RESULTS Improvements after calibration were noted in all display types for luminance response and psychophysical evaluations of veiling glare. Minimum luminance, contrast ratios, and display uniformity improvements were noted in two separate display types. The only significant reduction in performance was noted for physical evaluations of veiling glare. CONCLUSION The data presented show that calibration has a significant impact on the brightness and contrast of displays, and other display parameters are influenced by this. The amount of variation in performance that was still evident after calibration is of concern.
The role of gender for entrepreneurship in a transition context

We explore similarities and differences between male and female entrepreneurs, their businesses and strategies in different transition environments. Our analysis illustrates that in a transition context there are more similarities than differences for female and male entrepreneurs and their businesses, essentially because the difficult nature of the external environment facing entrepreneurs is a dominant influence. Gender makes a difference regarding business aims, business performance and success. Overall, the results emphasise the need to look at entrepreneurship within its social and economic context, which also might explain differences often taken as gender-related ones. With regard to policy implications, results indicate that improving the overall business environment will help women as well as men.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN HIGH PROFILE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas laba pada perusahaan high profile yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Kualitas laba diukur dengan menggunakan koefisien respon laba (ERC). Faktor-faktor yang diteliti yaitu persistensi laba, peluang pertumbuhan, risiko, ukuran perusahaan, kualitas tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, kualitas auditor, dan struktur modal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dalam pemilihan sampel dari perusahaan high profile yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2009 sampai 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peluang pertumbuhan berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas laba, sementara risiko, ukuran, dan kualitas tanggung jawab sosial berpengaruh negatif terhadap kualitas laba. Persistensi laba, kualitas auditor, dan struktur modal tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba. Abstract The purpose of this study is to get the empirical evidence of factors that affect earnings quality on high profile companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Earnings quality is measured using earnings response coefficient. The factors that being examined are earnings persistence, growth opportunities, risk, company size, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) quality, auditor quality, and capital structure. The study used purposive sampling method on sample selection from high profile companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2009 to 2012. The results showed that growth opportunities have positive effect to earnings quality, while risk, company size, and CSR quality have negative effect to earnings quality. Earnings persistence, auditor quality and capital structure have no effect to earnings quality
Labeled Phosphate Distribution in Working and Nonworking Myocardium

Investigation of phosphate metabolism with the aid of labeled phosphorus has been carried out, using isolated heart preparations in which only the left ventricles perform external work. The corresponding right ventricles in such preparations perform no external work with the unique experimental advantage of a single heart, providing simultaneously both working and “resting” (nonworking) metabolic states. Comparative incorporation of labeled phosphorus into nucleotide phosphate groups, non-nucleotide soluble phosphorylated components, phospholipids and ribose nucleic acid was examined as a function of cardiac work. Incorporation of the label into the rapidly exchanged high-energy phosphate groups was found to be restricted by a prior rate—limiting entry of the externally perfused isotope into the cells, thereby precluding a measure of turnover of these groups by this technic. Differences could not be demonstrated in isotope incorporation in either the phospholipids or RNA of working as compared to nonworking myocardium. It was concluded from these results that RNA is clearly not involved in energy reactions associated with cardiac work function. Phospholipid participation, on the other hand, could be clearly excluded only insofar as the phosphate moiety of these compounds is concerned. Information relevant to a mechanism of phosphate entry into cardiac cells was obtained in which a phosphorylation of hexose appeared to be involved. The composition of cardiac tissue with respect to nucleotide and non-nucleotide soluble components was examined in working and nonworkiug myocardium. Differences in composition were not found with respect to these constituents. A major component appearing in extracts of cardiac tissue was found and subsequently identified to be α-glycerophosphate. On the basis of isotope incorporation data, it was concluded that its metabolic source was of carbohydrate rather than phospholipid origin.
The structure of T6 human insulin at 1.0 A resolution.

The structure of T(6) human insulin has been determined at 120 K at a resolution of 1.0 A and refined to a residual of 0.183. As a result of cryofreezing, the first four residues of the B chain in one of the two crystallographically independent AB monomers in the hexameric [Zn(1/3)(AB)(2)Zn(1/3)](3) complex undergo a conformational shift that displaces the C(alpha) atom of PheB1 by 7.86 A relative to the room-temperature structure. A least-squares superposition of all backbone atoms of the room-temperature and low-temperature structures yielded a mean displacement of 0.422 A. Omitting the first four residues of the B chain reduced the mean displacement to 0.272 A. At 120 K, nine residues were found to exhibit two discrete side-chain conformations, but only two of these residues are in common with the seven residues found to have disordered side chains in the room-temperature structure. As a result of freezing, the disorder observed at room temperature in both ArgB22 side chains is eliminated. The close contact between pairs of O( epsilon 2) atoms in GluB13 observed at room temperature is maintained at cryotemperature and suggests that a carboxylate-carboxylic acid centered hydrogen bond exists [-C(=O)-O.H. O-C(=O)-] such that the H atom is equally shared between the two partially charged O atoms.
Customer Relationship Marketing and Customer Satisfaction: A Study on Mobile Service Providing Companies in Sri Lanka

In the present era, customer relationship marketing plays a vital role. The major goals of customer relationship marketing can be expressed simply as understanding and treating customers better for increased loyalty and profit. Main purpose of the study is examining the relationship between customer relationship marketing and customer satisfaction. Customer relationship marketing can be measured through following ten variables trust, commitment, empathy and equity. Data were collected through a seven points Likert type summated rating scales of questionnaire. A sample of one hundred and seven customers was surveyed from three mobile service providing companies such as Airtel, Dialog, and Mobitel. Correlation and regression analyzed has been employed to measure relationship and contribution among the dependent and independent variables.
Corticotropin‐releasing hormone–induced seizures in infant rats originate in the amygdala

The neuroanatomical substrate of seizures induced by picomolar amounts of corticotropin‐releasing hormone in infant rats was investigated. Electrographic and behavioral phenomena were monitored in 42 rat pups aged 5 to 22 days. Rat pups carried bipolar electrodes implanted in subcortical limbic structures, as well as cortical electrodes and intracerebroventricular cannulae. The administration of corticotropin‐releasing hormone produced age‐specific seizures within minutes, which correlated with rhythmic amygdala discharges. Paroxysmal hippocampal and cortical discharges developed subsequently in some rats. Corticotropin‐releasing hormone–induced electrographic and behavioral seizures originate in the amygdala.