Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Study of Mangifera laurina and its Related Species Using cpDNA trnL-F Spacer Markers

Phylogenetic study of cpDNA intergenic spacer trnL-F of Mangifera laurina and their related species within the genus Mangifera in Indonesia was conducted using Rutaceae as the outgroup. This study was to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and to understand infraspecific relationships within Mangifera based on cpDNA trnL-F intergenic spacer sequences. The results showed that Mangifera sp. Hiku (mangga hiku) as the basic cultivar in the clade, and it supported the monophyletic group in Mangifera. And phylogenetic construction indicated that Mangifera sp. Hiku was the progenitor of M. laurina and their related species.
Uncovering Strategic Entrepreneurship: An Examination of Theory and Practice

The combination of entrepreneurship and strategy is gaining increasing recognition as a pathway for growth within both individual organisations and national economies. Hence the benefits emerge from both a micro and macro economic perspective. Essentially, however, research on strategic entrepreneurship, being the intersection of entrepreneurship and strategy remains in the early stages. While the benefits of combining entrepreneurship and strategy are well established, specific details and underlying elements of strategic entrepreneurship as a concept remain under-developed and unsubstantiated. Prevailing models of strategic entrepreneurship are limited in number, conceptual in nature, and do not yet have practical or empirical support. Thus the question arises as to what constitutes strategic entrepreneurship? In order to address this issue a preliminary framework of strategic entrepreneurship is derived from the literature on both entrepreneurship and strategy, in order to identify the intersection of the two. This framework is then examined in the context of activity which is recognised as both entrepreneurial and strategic within three state-owned enterprises. Thus the research question addressed is: What constitutes strategic entrepreneurship in both theory and practice in the context of SOEs? Based on this examination, six elements are identified as central to strategic entrepreneurship, being opportunity identification, innovation, acceptance of risk, flexibility, vision, and growth. Additional findings uncovered inductively from the data reveal a number of supporting elements which foster strategic entrepreneurship, including strategy, culture (encompassing both people and confidence), branding, operational excellence, cost efficiency, and transfer and application of knowledge. Thus, an enhanced understanding of strategic entrepreneurship as a concept is obtained, being activity which is both entrepreneurial and strategic in nature, and characterised by the integration of the six core elements. Findings indicate strategic entrepreneurship is a concept not bound by context, and thus, may be applied to various forms of business. Such businesses which do create strategic entrepreneurship activity and are able to maintain a balance of the core elements over time have the potential for both competitive advantage and wealth creation.
Trading many goods with many countries: Exporters and importers from German manufacturing industries

Summary In Germany, for the reporting year 2009 transaction-level data on exports and imports of goods have been aggregated at the level of the exporting or importing firm for the first time. In these data the number of goods exported and imported and the number of countries exported to and imported from is reported, together with the values of these cross-border transactions. This paper uses these newly available data for firms from manufacturing industries to uncover new facts and to test theoretical hypotheses of the relationship between a core dimension of firm performance, namely productivity, and the number of goods traded and countries traded with.
Neuromuscular Junction Voice Disorders. Proposal of a Diagnostic Protocol

Objective: To suggest a diagnostic protocol that evaluates voice alterations as a primary symptom of neuromuscular junction disorders (NMJD). Data sources: Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library search of the literature from 1979 to 2013. Review methods: Review of literature and data analysis for patients examined in the Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital Voice Clinic from January 2010 to September 2013. Results: We present our diagnostic protocol when a neuromuscular condition affecting the voice is suspected, emphasizing its benefits in NMJD. Neurophysiological studies are essential in the diagnosis, and we propose to perform them initially. Since NMJD could be due to secondary causes, we begin with electroneurography (ENG) to rule out neuropathies or motor neuron diseases. We follow with electromyography (EMG) to rule out myopathies that could also give secondary NMJD. If ENG and EMG were normal, repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) is performed. Incremental or decremental responses would indicate different primary NMJD. If RNS was normal, but there is a high suspicion of NMJD, single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) is done. According to these results, laboratory tests are added. Tensilon and acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR Ab) tests are equivocal and their role is discussed as part of the protocol. Conclusion: A detailed neurolaryngological examination along with neurophysiological studies can help otolaryngologists diagnose neuromuscular disorders when the altered voice is the primary complaint. Partnership with neurophysiologists and neurologists greatly improves patient care.
Adipose-derived stem cells combined with a demineralized cancellous bone substrate for bone regeneration.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from cadaveric adipose tissue can be obtained in large quantities, and have been reported in the literature to be capable of inducing bone formation in vivo and ex vivo. ( 1-6 ) The hypothesis tested whether a demineralized cancellous bone matrix (DCBM) can provide an effective substrate for selection and retention of stem cells derived from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose. Human cadaveric adipose tissue was recovered from a donor and digested. The resulting SVF-containing MSCs were seeded onto the demineralized bone allografts, after which the nonadherent cells were washed off. The MSCs were characterized using a flow cytometer and tri-lineage differentiation (osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis) in vitro. The stem cell-seeded allografts were also characterized for cell number, adherence to the DCBM, osteogenic activity (alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red staining), and bone morphorgenic protein (BMP) quantity. Flow cytometry identified a mean total of 7.2% MSCs in SVF and 87.2% MSCs after culture. The stem cells showed the capability of differentiating into bone, cartilage, and fat. On the 21 stem cell-seeded bone allografts, there were consistent, attached, viable cells (100,744±22,762 cells/cube). An assessment of donor age, gender, and body mass index revealed no significant differences in cell numbers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed the presence of BMP-2 and BMP-7. In conclusion, this bone graft contains three key elements for bone regeneration: adhered osteogenic stem cells, 3D osteoconductive bone scaffold, and osteoinductive BMP signal. It therefore has the potential to be effective for bone regeneration.
Activity of the Essential Oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides Grown in Cuba against Leishmania amazonensis

Background and Methods: Current therapy against leishmaniasis is unsatisfactory. Efficacious and safe new drugs are needed.In this study, we show the leishmanicidal effect of an essential oil from Chenopodiumambrosioides against Leishmania amazonensis. Results: The tested product had a potent inhibitory action against promastigote and amastigote forms, with 50% effective dose values of 3.7 and 4.6 µg/ml, respectively. The essential oil showed a moderate toxicity on macrophages from BALB/c mice. An optimal dose of 30 mg/kg/day was effective when administered during 15 days by intraperitoneal route to BALB/c mice infected experimentally. Conclusion: These studies revealed a potential source for the discovery of novel drugs to combat the leishmaniasis based on the traditional medicine.
DETERMINANT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IMPLEMENTATION QUALITY IN INDONESIA (Study of Firms Rated by The Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance)

The purpose of this study is to find empirical evidence whether some variables may affect the quality of corporate governance implementation. This study uses eight independent variables and Corporate Governance Perception Index as dependent variable. The sample used in this research are 189 Indonesian firms rated by the Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance in the period of 2001-2012 and they must be listed in the IDX. The samples are selected by using nonprobability random sampling (purposive sampling method). This study gives empirical evidence that implementation quality of corporate governance are affected by five variables, the sequencely are the quality of external auditor, regulation factor, firm size, the proportion of independent commissioners board, and profitability. This study enhances some theories related to corporate governance, namely agency theory, agency theory type II, and pecking order theory. Keywords : Corporate Governance Perception Index, Corporate Governance Implementation, Quality of External Auditor, Regulation, Firm Size, Proportion of Board of Independent Commissioners, Profitability, Leverage, Ownership Concentration, Investment Opportunity Set
Effects of thermal environment on neonatal thermoregulation.

Newborn babies are partial poikilotherms. They are prone to thermal stress by environmental factors like humidity, air drafts, conductivity, ambient temperature and other climatic conditions(l). This study was done with the objective of determining the effects of various environmental thermal conditions like temperature, humidity, air currents and room temperature on neonatal thermoregulation under local conditions. Contributory factors including prematurity, low birth weight and illnesses were also considered.
Efficacy of several techniques for the removal of calcium hydroxide medicament from root canals.

AIM To compare the efficacy of several techniques for the removal of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) from root canals. METHODOLOGY The root canals of 24 freshly extracted human mandibular premolars were prepared with ProTaper rotary instruments. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally along the length of the instrumented canals. The roots were subsequently reassembled with wires. After Ca(OH)(2) was placed into the canals, four techniques were used for its removal. In Group I, the teeth were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. Group II was treated in the same manner as Group I, but 5 mL of 17% EDTA was used in addition to NaOCl. In Group III, the teeth were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl and agitated by an ultrasonic unit. In Group IV, the teeth were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl and a CanalBrush was used to remove the Ca(OH)(2) . The roots were disassembled and digital photographs were taken. Measurements of residual Ca(OH)(2) were performed as percentages of the overall canal surface area. The data was analysed with one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS Significantly less residual material was obtained with a CanalBrush and passive ultrasonic agitation of NaOCl than the other groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between syringe delivery of NaOCl and NaOCl+EDTA (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS None of the techniques removed the Ca(OH)(2) dressing completely. CanalBrush and ultrasonic agitation of NaOCl were significantly more effective than irrigant-only techniques.
Second branchial cleft cysts: variability of sonographic appearances in adult cases.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous reports have suggested that second branchial cleft cysts (BCCs) appear on sonograms as well-defined, cystic masses with thin walls and posterior enhancement. Previous CT and MR imaging findings, however, have indicated heterogeneity of these masses, and, in our experience, sonography also shows a similar variable appearance. In this communication, we report the cases of 17 patients with second BCCs and document the variability of sonographic patterns. METHODS The sonograms of 17 adults with second BCCs were reviewed. Only patients with surgical or cytologic evidence of BCCs were included in this study. The features evaluated were the location, internal echogenicity, posterior enhancement, and presence of septa and fistulous tract. RESULTS Four patterns of second BCCs were identified: anechoic (41%), homogeneously hypoechoic with internal debris (23.5%), pseudosolid (12%), and heterogeneous (23.5%). The majority (70%) showed posterior enhancement. All were situated in their classical location, posterior to the submandibular gland, superficial to the carotid artery and internal jugular vein, and closely related to the medial and anterior margin of the sternomastoid muscle. Fourteen (82%) of the 17 BCCs had imperceptible walls, and all were well defined. For none of the patients was a fistulous tract revealed by sonography; the presence of internal septations was revealed for three patients. CONCLUSION As previously suggested by CT and MR imaging findings, sonography reinforces that second BCCs in adults are not simple cysts but have a complex sonographic pattern ranging from a typical anechoic to a pseudosolid appearance.
What Networks do to Firms and What Firms do to Networks: Evolution of Alliance Portfolios in Networked Markets

This study explores the question of how alliance portfolios change over time. In the setting of the U.S. wireless gaming market, I collected real-time and longitudinal data on entrepreneurial game publishers over two and a half years. This process revealed that alliance portfolios of firms can grow or deteriorate rapidly through virtuous or vicious cycles, depending on their starting position in a networked market. Those firms in a virtuous cycle have the additional advantage that they can use resource-dependence strategies to fuel the virtuous cycle. Finally, I find that changes in a firm's alliance portfolio occur simultaneously with other firm-level changes, such as physical growth, new rounds of financing, public offering and game coverage. The findings have potential contributions to literature at the firm, portfolio, and network levels. Overall, the picture provided is one that advocates multi-level and longitudinal analysis for the understanding of firm, portfolio, and network-level outcomes deriving from firm-level interactions and portfolio strategies.
Countermovement-Jump-Phase Characteristics of Senior and Academy Rugby League Players.

PURPOSE Gross measures of countermovement-jump (CMJ) performance are commonly used to track maturational changes in neuromuscular function in rugby league (RL). The purpose of this study was to conduct both a gross and a more detailed temporal-phase analysis of the CMJ performances of senior and academy RL players, to provide greater insight into how neuromuscular function differs between these groups. METHODS Twenty senior and 14 academy (under-19) male RL players performed 3 maximal-effort CMJs on a force platform, with forward dynamics subsequently employed to allow gross performance measures and entire kinetic- and kinematic-time curves to be compared between groups. RESULTS Jump height (JH), reactive strength index modified, concentric displacement, and relative concentric impulse (C-IMP) were the only gross measures that were greater for senior players (d = 0.58-0.91) than for academy players. The relative force- and displacement-time curves were similar between groups, but the relative power- and velocity-time curves were greater (d = 0.59-0.97) for the senior players at 94-96% and 89-100% of the total movement time, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The CMJ distinguished between senior and academy RL players, with seniors demonstrating greater JH through applying a larger C-IMP and thus achieving greater velocity throughout the majority of the concentric phase and at takeoff. Therefore, academy RL players should train to improve triple (ie, ankle, knee, and hip) extension velocity during the CMJ to bring their JH scores in line with those attained by senior players.
Comparison of the Results of Laminectomy and Open-Door Laminoplasty for Cervical Spondylotic Myeloradiculopathy and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Laminectomy was performed on 14 patients with cervical radiculomyelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Since 1978, simple open-door laminoplasties have been performed on 75 patients. A retrospective study was done to determine if there was any difference between the results of laminectomy and laminoplasty. Overall results of laminectomy were as follows: The preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was 7.0 points and the postoperative score was 15.0 points. Overall results of laminoplasty were as follows: the preoperative JOA score was 7.0 points and the postoperative score was 15.0 points. The percentage improvement in laminectomy was 81.1%, and in laminoplasty was 81.4%. There was no significant difference in the results of these two procedures for the treatment of patients with cervical radiculomyelopathy and OPLL.
The Case for the Use of International Reporting Standards in New Zealand: A Briefing Paper Prepared on Behalf of the New Zealand Securities Commission

The objective of this paper is to examine the issues pertinent to the consideration of the proposal made by the Accounting Standards Review Board (ASRB) that New Zealand adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The purpose of this examination is to provide input to the New Zealand Securities Commission (the Commission) to assist them in their deliberations on making recommendations on the future development of the financial reporting infrastructure for New Zealand's securities markets. Similar to securities regulators across the world, the Commission has an interest in promoting a strong securities market where the financial reporting framework and its supportive infrastructure results in high quality, transparent and comparable financial reports. There are four identifiable components of the infrastructure that drive the quality of financial reporting in New Zealand.
Measuring work activities and skill requirements of occupations: Experiences from a European pilot study with a web‐survey

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to evaluate a method for measuring work activities and skill requirements of 160 occupations in eight countries, used in EurOccupations, an EU‐FP6 project. Additionally, it aims to explore how the internet can be used for measuring work activities and skill requirements.Design/methodology/approach – For the 160 occupations, work activities were described in approximately ten tasks. Occupational experts and jobholders were invited to rate these tasks and to indicate the skill requirements, using a multilingual web‐survey. Experts were recruited through the networks of the project partners and jobholders through frequently visited websites in the eight countries. The effectiveness of the drafting of tasks descriptions, the recruitment of raters, and the measurement of skill requirements is evaluated.Findings – The project showed that tasks descriptions for a wide range of occupations and countries can be drafted relatively easy, using desk research. Conducting a web‐.
Earnings Management in Nonprofit Organizations: Does Governmental Financing Play a Role?

A vast amount of research has documented the existence of earnings management in for-profit settings. Nonprofit organizations are thought to pay less attention to the bottom line of the income statement. Earnings management research in nonprofit settings has therefore focused on the manipulation of expenses in order to improve efficiency ratios or taxable income, not reported earnings per se. Given a setting in which such ratios are not reported to the public, manipulation of the actual bottom line by nonprofit organizations is explored in light of the importance of governmental subsidies. The results suggest that nonprofit organizations drive their results towards the breakeven point and that manipulation seems to be intensified by increased governmental funding.
Randomised Trial of Text Messaging on Adherence to Cardiovascular Preventive Treatment (INTERACT Trial)

Background About one third of patients prescribed blood pressure or lipid-lowering drugs for the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke do not take their medication as prescribed. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate text messaging as a means of improving adherence to cardiovascular disease preventive treatment. Methods 303 patients taking blood pressure and/or lipid-lowering medications were randomly assigned to being sent text messages (Text group, 151) or not being sent them (No text group, 152). Texts were sent daily for 2 weeks, alternate days for 2 weeks and weekly thereafter for 22 weeks (6 months overall), using an automated computer programme. Patients were asked to respond on whether they had taken their medication, whether the text reminded them to do so if they had forgotten, and if they had not taken their medication to determine if there was a reason for not doing so. At 6 months, use of medication was assessed. Results Two patients were lost to follow-up, providing data on 301 for analysis. In the No text group 38/151 (25%) took less than 80% of the prescribed regimen (ie. stopped medication completely or took it on fewer than 22 of the last 28 days of follow-up) compared to 14/150 patients (9%) in the Text group – an improvement in adherence affecting 16 per 100 patients (95% CI 7 to 24), p<0.001. The texts reminded 98/151 patients (65%) to take medication on at least one occasion and lead to 20/151 (13%) who stopped taking medication because of concern over efficacy or side-effects, resuming treatment. Conclusions In patients taking blood pressure or lipid-lowering treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, text messaging improved medication adherence compared with no text messaging. Trial Registration Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN74757601