Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Criterion for Kan Extensions of Lax Monoidal Functors

In this mainly expository note, we state a criterion for when a left Kan extension of a lax monoidal functor along a strong monoidal functor can itself be equipped with a lax monoidal structure, in a way that results in a left Kan extension in MonCat. This belongs to the general theory of algebraic Kan extensions, as developed by Melli\`es-Tabareau, Koudenburg and Weber, and is very close to an instance of a theorem of Koudenburg. We find this special case particularly important due to its connections with the theory of graded monads.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FACING SACCOS IN THE CURRENT DEVOLVED SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT OF KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF MOMBASA COUNTY

SACCOs (Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies) are predominant form of external financing for small and micro enterprises in most of the developing countries. Contemporary studies show that SACCOS’ role towards developing these enterprises is increasing rapidly. Statistics show that there are 10,800 registered Co-operative Societies in Kenya with a membership of about 6 million. Out of this, 46% are Agricultural, 38% Financial-based (SACCOS) and, 16% are others. 63% of the Kenyan population depends on Co-operative related activities for their livelihood with over 250,000 benefiting through direct employment. SACCOS have been noted to contribute over 45% GDP and it is estimated that at least one out of every two Kenyans directly or indirectly derives his /her livelihood from these kinds of Cooperatives. From this insight, the study sought to identify the challenges facing SACCOs in Mombasa such as lack of finance, discrimination, problems with the city council, multiple duties, poor access to justice, lack of education, among others and initiatives put in place to counter the challenges. The study realized that despite the challenges, opportunities were available for SACCOs and their impact to the economic development, including capital accumulation and agency business largely arising from access to Government funds for on-ward transmission to youth and women groups. The study employed desktop research. The data in this study was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences. The findings of this study are important for the particular organizations under study to address the challenges so as to improve their service delivery, the industry to anticipate and endeavour to overcome the challenges. This paper recommends policy makers and governments to come-up with policies and strategies that will support the growth of SACCOS which is a pertinent alternative solution for financing micro and small businesses. Further research is however recommended in this area.
The L 1 - and C ∗ -Algebras of [ FIA ] - B Groups, and Their Representations

Let G be a locally compact group, and B a subgroup of the (topologized) group Aut (G) of topological automorphisms of G; G is an [FIA]ä group if B has compact closure in Aut (G). Abelian and compact groups are [FIA]£ groups, with B=I(G); the purpose of this paper is to generalize certain theorems about the group algebras and representations of these familiar groups to the case of general [FIA]£ groups. One defines the set 3Cb of 5-characters to consist of the nonzero extreme points of the set of continuous positive-definite 5-invariant functions <f> on G with <^(1)^1. 3cb is naturally identified with the set of pure states on the subalgebra of . B-invariant elements of C*(G). When this subalgebra is commutative, this identification yields generalizations of known duality results connecting the topology of G with that of G. When B=I(G), Xb can be identified with the structure spaces of C*(G) and LHG), and one obtains thereby information about representations of G and ideals in Z-HG). When G is an [FIA]b group, one has under favorable conditions a simple integral formula and a functional equation for the 5-characters. LHG) and C*(G) are "semisimple" in a certain sense (in the two cases B = (l) and B = I(G) this "semisimplicity" reduces to weak and strong semisimplicity, respectively). Finally, the ^-characters have certain separation properties, on the level of the group and the group algebras, which extend to [S1N]B groups (groups which contain a fundamental system of compact fl-invariant neighborhoods of the identity). When B — I(G) these properties generalize known results about separation of conjugacy classes by characters in compact groups; for example, when B={\) they reduce to a form of the Gelfand-Raikov theorem about "sufficiently many" irreducible unitary representations. Introduction. The now classical theory of abstract harmonic analysis on compact groups and locally compact abelian groups furnishes detailed information on the structure of such groups, on their representations, and on their group algebras. The attempt to extend this theory to other classes of groups leads quickly to the study of groups with certain more general compactness conditions. The class of [Z] groups (locally compact groups G such that G/Z is compact, where Z is the center of G) was studied extensively by S. Grosser and M. Moskowitz in [11], [12], and [13]; they have shown that in this class all the essential characteristics of the Received by the editors July 6, 1970. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 2260, 4680; Secondary 2265.
Stored energies for electric and magnetic current densities

Electric and magnetic current densities are an essential part of electromagnetic theory. The goal of the present paper is to define and investigate stored energies that are valid for structures that can support both electric and magnetic current densities. Stored energies normalized with the dissipated power give us the Q factor, or antenna Q, for the structure. Lower bounds of the Q factor provide information about the available bandwidth for passive antennas that can be realized in the structure. The definition that we propose is valid beyond the leading order small antenna limit. Our starting point is the energy density with subtracted far-field form which we obtain an explicit and numerically attractive current density representation. This representation gives us the insight to propose a coordinate independent stored energy. Furthermore, we find here that lower bounds on antenna Q for structures with e.g. electric dipole radiation can be formulated as convex optimization problems. We determine lower bounds on both open and closed surfaces that support electric and magnetic current densities. The here derived representation of stored energies has in its electrical small limit an associated Q factor that agrees with known small antenna bounds. These stored energies have similarities to earlier efforts to define stored energies. However, one of the advantages with this method is the above mentioned formulation as convex optimization problems, which makes it easy to predict lower bounds for antennas of arbitrary shapes. The present formulation also gives us insight into the components that contribute to Chu's lower bound for spherical shapes. We utilize scalar and vector potentials to obtain a compact direct derivation of these stored energies. Examples and comparisons end the paper.
CHANGES IN GAIT AND COORDINATION VARIABILITY IN PERSONS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS FOLLOWING A REHABILITATION PROGRAM

This study investigated changes in gait and coordination variability in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) after an 8-week rehabilitation intervention. Data for eight participants (Control: 4, Intervention: 4) were analyzed via Cortex Motion Analysis software and Visual 3D to calculate knee and ankle joint angles as well as discrete spatiotemporal parameters. The knee and ankle joint angles were further analyzed using a vector coding technique to quantify coordination between these joints and how they produce a functional gait pattern. No significant changes in gait or coordination variability were found after rehabilitation, but some meaningful changes with large and moderate effect sizes were present. This study demonstrated a comprehensive overview of the relationship between process and outcome variability in a clinical population.
The Journal of Corporate Citizenship 49

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New Findings on Food Security, Climate Change and Income Growth in West African Countries: P-VAR Approach

This paper examines empirically the interaction among per capita income growth, climate change and food security in fifteen West African Countries. We employ Panel VAR (PVAR) techniques on annual secondary data obtained from the World Development Indicator (WDI) between 1990 and 2013. The PVAR approach allows us to address the endogeneity problem by allowing the endogenous interaction among the variables in the system. Our results provide evidence of income growth spurring food security in the short run and reducing it in the long run, while climate change increased food insecurity throughout in West Africa. The study suggests that climate change is a necessary variable that needs to be controlled if food security is a desired goal in West Africa and that more priority should be given to agricultural sector in economic growth. Also, the leaders in West Africa should embrace a judicious and dynamic energy mix that will allow renewable sources to replace fossil fuels.
Cold carcass weight , fat thickness , C measurement and longissimus dorsi depth for predicting the carcass composition of Rasa Aragonesa ewes with different body condition score

T5e precision of the use of cold carcass weight, fat thickness, C measurement and longissinzus dorsi depth for predicting the carcass composition were determined in 52 adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes aged 10 [s.d. 2) years and ranging in body condition score (BCS) front 1.5 to 4.5. The cold carcass weight is the best predictor of intermuscular fat (1'=0.94) arzd the inclusion of the C mensurentent in multiple regression with the cold carcass weight estimates with accuracy the subcutaneous fat (13=0.91). The pelvic and kidney fat c m be predicted wifh fhe same precision by cold carcass weight in rnultiple regression with fat thickness or BCS (r"=0.86). 95% of the variation in total carcass fat was accounted for by variation in cold carcass weight and fat thickness. The best nluscle carcass predictors were cold carcass weight in multiple regression with fat thickness or C measurement (13=0.91).
Commercial DNA Probes Reveal Colonization Patterns of Periodontopathogens in Chronic Periodontitis

In the present study, detection patterns of subgingival Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (Pi/n), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and Treponema denticola (Td) were analysed, using commercially available species-specific DNA probes (DMDX/PathoTek, Switzerland) in 16 untreated periodontitis patients (5–7 non-adjacent sites per subject) before and one month after mechanical non-surgical periodontal therapy. The detection patterns of the pathogens at the two time points were studied using configural frequency analysis (CFA) and Stuart-Maxwell χ 2 test. All subjects showed favourable clinical treatment responses. Prevalence of all microbes followed was significantly reduced after treatment. CFA identified: (i) two statistically significant configural types at both time points: co-detection of Pg, Pi/n, Tf, Td, and none of the four pathogens detectable (Holm’s criteria p = 0.003); and (ii) one statistically significant configural anti-type post-treatment: reduced detection pattern of Pi/n alone (Holm’s criteria p = 0.004). For many of the pre-treatment sites with Tf, Pg, Pi/n, and Td configural type, all these periodontopathogens were undetectable one month after treatment (p < 0.001, McNemar’s post hoc analysis with Bonferroni adjustment). Within the limitations of this study, the results indicated a co-detection of subgingival periodontopathogens Pg, Pi/n, Tf, and Td. Analysis of the subgingival colonisation of these microbes might be a useful adjunct in the assessment of periodontal therapeutic outcomes.
Economics of Small-scale Furniture Production in Lafia Metropolis, Nasarawa State Nigeria

Abstract The study was designed to assess the economics of small-scale furniture production in Lafia metropolis of Nasarawa State. Primary data for the study were collected from furniture producers in the study area. A total of thirty (30) furniture producers were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and budgeting were used in the analysis of the data. The result of the study revealed that all the furniture makers sampled were males while their educational qualification ranged between primary school (23.3%) and secondary school (76.7%). Source of initial funding came from savings (86.7%) and family (13.6%). A total of 28 (93.4%) of the small-scale furniture enterprise sampled were established between 1999 and 2000 while the remaining 2 were established in the 1980s. The study showed that hard wood were mostly used in furniture production which the producers mostly got from timber sheds and saw mills. On the size of work force, 5 (16.7%) respondents had 1-4 staff, 20 (66.7%) had 5-10 staff, 3 (10.0%) had 11-16 staff while 2 (6.7%) had 17-21 staff. The budgetary analysis gives total variable cost (TVC) as N1,546.86, total cost (TC) as N74,450, and net income (NI) as N2,450. The gross revenue (GR) was N76,900.00, gross profit (GP) N3,99.86, and net profit (NP) was N75,357.14. The rate of return (ROR) was 103% while the rate of return on investment (RORI) was 3.29% which is positive thus depicting the profitability of furniture production in the study area.
Age-related Inferti l ity

Societal shifts, triggered by a greater focus on education and careers, have resulted in a trend toward delayed childbearing in American women. Between 1970 and 2002, the percentage of first births in women more than 30 years of age increased 6-fold. Along with the increase in maternal age has been an expansion in the number of women attempting to conceive at an age when the probability of conception (fecundability) is significantly decreased. The proportion of women who remain childless increases progressively with increased age at time of marriage: 6% at age 20 to 24 years, 9% at age 25 to 29 years, 15% at age 30 to 34 years, 30% at age 35 to 39 years, and 64% at ages more than 40 years. Although fertility declines with age of both men and women, the risk of infertility (ie, failure to achieve successful pregnancy after 12 months of attempt conception) has a stronger correlation with maternal age. Historical studies have shown that fertility decreases at 32 years of age, with an increase in the rate of decline after 37 years of
Effect of seed rate and weed management practices on growth parameters and dry matter accumulation of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

An experiment was conducted at Crop Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh during Rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to assess the effect of seed rate and weed management practices on growth parameters and dry matter accumulation of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The treatment consisted of three seed rate 100,125 and 150kg ha in main plot and six weed management practices viz. Sulfosulfuron 25 g ha, Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron (30 + 2 g ha), Clodinafop + Metsulfuron (60 + 4 g ha), Fenoxaprop-pethyl + Metribuzin (120 + 210 g ha), two hand weeding (120 and 40 DAS) and weedy check in subplots. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Sowing with 150 kg ha seed rate recorded maximum germination count at 15 DAS, number of tillers/m row length, Plant height, leaf area index (LAI), and dry matter accumulation which were significantly higher than 100 and 125 kg ha seed rate. Germination count of wheat at 15 DAS was almost similar under all the weed management practices. At 30 DAS two hand weeding produce significantly higher number of tillers m row length and plant height than rest of the weed management practices, while LAI and dry matter accumulation was non-significant. At 60, 90 DAS and at harvest number of tillers, Plant height, LAI and dry matter accumulation recorded maximum with two hand weeding which was at par with Clodinafop + Metsulfuron (60 + 4 g ha ), Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron (30 + 2 g ha), Sulfosulfuron 25 g ha and significantly higher than Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + Metribuzin (120 + 210 g ha) and weedy check. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + Metribuzin (120 + 210 g ha) had Phytotoxic effect on wheat plants was produce minimum number of tillers, plant height, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation at all the stages of observation taken which was at par with weedy check.
The Rosetta Ion and Electron Sensor (IES) measurement of the development of pickup ions from comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko

The Rosetta Ion and Electron Sensor (IES) has been measuring solar wind ions intermittently since exiting from hibernation in May 2014. On 19 August, when Rosetta was ~80 km from the comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko, which was ~3.5 AU from the Sun, IES began to see ions at its lowest energy range, ~4–10 eV. We identify these as ions created from neutral species emitted by the comet nucleus, photoionized by solar UV radiation in the neighborhood of the Rosetta spacecraft (S/C), and attracted by the small negative potential of the S/C resulting from the population of thermal electrons. Later, IES began to see higher‐energy ions that we identify as having been picked up and accelerated by the solar wind. IES continues to measure changes in the solar wind and the development of the pickup ion structure.
Evolutionary origins of Antarctic microbiota: invasion, selection and endemism

Increasing interest in the ecological roles, conservation and biotechnological potential of Antarctic microbiota has focused attention on their biodiversity and evolutionary origins. Antarctic microbial ecosystems provide useful models for general questions in evolutionary ecology given the relative isolation of the South Polar Region, the severe biological constraints imposed by the polar environment, and the absence of higher plants and animals in some Antarctic habitats. Sealed environments such as Lake Vostok and the overlying East Antarctic ice sheet provide unique, natural culture collections for studying microorganisms that have been isolated from the global gene pool over timescales of evolutionary significance. Most Antarctic environments, however, continue to receive microbial propagules from outside the region, as indicated by spore trap data, the microflora found in Antarctic snow and ice, the colonising taxa at geothermal sites, and the high frequency of apparently cosmopolitan species in most habitats. Differences in environmental stability and selection pressure among environments are likely to influence the degree of adaptive radiation and microbial endemism. The latter seems greater in the Southern Ocean by comparison with non-marine ecosystems of Antarctica, although there is some evidence of endemic species in highly specialised niches on the continent such as in the endolithic habitat and saline lakes. Analytical techniques such as 16S rDNA sequencing and DNA–DNA hybridisation are beginning to provide new insights into the genetic affinities and biodiversity of Antarctic microbiota, and are leading to a more rigorous evaluation of microbial endemism.
Unit labor cost growth differentials in the Euro area, Germany, and the US: lessons from PANIC and cluster analysis

Inflation differentials in the Euro area are mainly due to a sustained divergence of wage developments across the Euro area, and narrower differences in labour productivity growth (Alvarez et al., 2006). We investigate convergence of inflation using unit labour cost (ULC) growth and applying PANIC (Bai and Ng, 2002, 2004) and cluster procedures (Hobijn and Franses, 2000, Busetti et al., 2006) to Euro area countries as well as US States, US Census Regions and German Laender. Euro area differs in that dispersion in general (and its fraction due to idiosyncratic factors in specific) is larger and common factors are much less important in explaining the variance of ULC growth. We report evidence for convergence clusters in all countries.
Examination of the Impact of Condensed Biofeedback Training on Acute Stress Responses

The objective of this study was to measure the effects of a condensed 90 minute Biofeedback Training (BFT) method on stress response and decision making performance under stress. Forty one novice male participants received either BFT training, which incorporated diaphragmatic breathing with Stress Inoculation Training (SIT), or a control training task. Participants completed pre- and post-training assessments which incorporated a socio evaluative stress induction method followed immediately by performance of a simulation-based decision making under stress scenario. Stress was assessed using real-time physiological measures of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) response and cortisol measures of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis stress response. Perceived stress was measured using the state portion of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and decision making performance was assessed during scenario performance. Results showed that participants in the BFT condition experienced a significant reduction in cortisol from pre-training to post-training, while the control group did not. However, BFT participants did not experience statistically significant reductions in ANS stress response or in perceived stress compared to the control group. Participants in the biofeedback group experienced greater improvements in performance from pre-training to post-training compared to the control group; however, these results only approached statistical significance (p = 0.09). These results suggest that the condensed BFT method has the potential to impart the knowledge and skills necessary to implement the biofeedback-based coping mechanisms; however, it may require additional practice time to allow the technique to be utilized more effectively.
Interpretable vector autoregressions with exogenous time series

The Vector AutoRegressive (VAR) model is fundamental to the study of multivariate time series. Although VAR models are intensively investigated by many researchers, practitioners often show more interest in analyzing VARX models that incorporate the impact of unmodeled exogenous variables (X) into the VAR. However, since the parameter space grows quadratically with the number of time series, estimation quickly becomes challenging. While several proposals have been made to sparsely estimate large VAR models, the estimation of large VARX models is under-explored. Moreover, typically these sparse proposals involve a lasso-type penalty and do not incorporate lag selection into the estimation procedure. As a consequence, the resulting models may be difficult to interpret. In this paper, we propose a lag-based hierarchically sparse estimator, called "HVARX", for large VARX models. We illustrate the usefulness of HVARX on a cross-category management marketing application. Our results show how it provides a highly interpretable model, and improves out-of-sample forecast accuracy compared to a lasso-type approach.