Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of ruminally degradable starch levels on performance, nitrogen balance, and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows fed low corn-based starch diets

Objective This trial was performed to examine the effects of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) levels in total mixed ration (TMR) with low corn-based starch on the milk production, whole-tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. Methods Eight multiparous Holstein cows (body weight [BW]: 717±63 kg; days in milk [DIM]: 169±29) were assigned to a crossover design with two dietary treatments: a diet containing 62.3% ruminally degradable starch (% of total starch, low RDS) or 72.1% ruminally degradable starch (% of total starch, high RDS). Changes to the ruminally degradable levels were conducted by using either finely ground corn or steam-flaked corn as the starch component. Results The results showed that dry matter intake, milk yield and composition in dairy cows were not affected by dietary treatments. The concentration of milk urea nitrogen was lower for cows fed high RDS TMR than low RDS TMR. The whole-tract apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude protein decreased, and that of starch increased for cows fed high RDS TMR over those fed low RDS TMR, with no dietary effect on the whole-tract apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The proportion of urinary N excretion in N intake was lower and that of fecal N excretion in N intake was higher for cows fed high RDS TMR than those fed low RDS TMR. The N secretion in milk and the retention of N were not influenced by the dietary treatments. Total purine derivative was similar in cows fed high RDS TMR and low RDS TMR. Consequently, estimated microbial N flow to the duodenum was similar in cows fed high RDS TMR and low RDS TMR. Conclusion Results of this study show that ruminally degradable starch levels can influence whole-tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows fed low corn-based starch diets, with no influence on performance.
Ophthalmoplegic Migraine: Two Patients, one at Middle Age with Abducens Palsy

Ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) had been classified as a form of migraine by the Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society in the 1988 classification (1). The classification was revised by the same committee in 2004 and OM was classified under the heading of ‘Cranial neuralgias and central causes of facial pain’ and was defined as consisting of at least two episodes of headache accompanied or followed within 4 days of its onset by paresis of one or more cranial nerves: third, fourth and/or sixth with appropriate investigations having excluded paracellar, orbital fissure and posterior fossa lesions (2). Hansen et al. (3) estimated an annual incidence of 0.7 per million. Although it may have onset at any age, it occurs most frequently in infants and children under 12 years of age. The headache is unilateral and invariably ipsilateral to the side of ophthalmoplegia. It is typically severe and may precede the ophthalmoplegia by several days. In OM there is a predilection for males whereas the preponderance of persons with common migraine is female (4). We report two unusual cases: two women with probable OM, one having an onset at age 16 years and the other at 50, both with abducens palsy.
Tropical forest disaster monitoring with multi-scale sensors from terrestrial laser, UAV, to satellite radar

Forest disaster monitoring requires frequent data observation of remotely sensed data. It is getting more common to use open satellite image archives to monitor land use change from multi-temporal data. In this study, multi-temporal DSM created by UAV-SfM is used to identify forest gap. ALOS 2 full polarization data is compared with the finer scale height difference detected by multi-temporal UAV based DSMs. Advantage of UAV based observation is to identify forest gap area efficiently in wide area and collect more samples to compare wide coverage of the satellite radar backscatter to understand backscatter characteristics. As a result, HH and HV polarization has detection power of forest gap size.
Long‐Term Recovery After Endothelial Colony‐Forming Cells or Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Administration in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic‐Ischemic Encephalopathy

Neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) is a dramatic perinatal complication, associated with poor neurological prognosis despite neuroprotection by therapeutic hypothermia, in the absence of an available curative therapy. We evaluated and compared ready‐to‐use human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBC) and bankable but allogeneic endothelial progenitors (ECFC) as cell therapy candidate for NHIE. We compared benefits of HUCBC and ECFC transplantation 48 hours after injury in male rat NHIE model, based on the Rice‐Vannucci approach. Based on behavioral tests, immune‐histological assessment and metabolic imaging of brain perfusion using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), HUCBC, or ECFC administration provided equally early and sustained functional benefits, up to 8 weeks after injury. These results were associated with total normalization of injured hemisphere cerebral blood flow assessed by SPECT/CT imaging. In conclusion, even if ECFC represent an efficient candidate, HUCBC autologous criteria and easier availability make them the ideal candidate for hypoxic‐ischemic cell therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1987–1996
Relationships between coronary flow vasodilator capacity and small artery remodelling in hypertensive patients.

Background Arterial hypertension is frequently associated with the presence of structural alterations in small arteries. Moreover, a reduced coronary flow reserve and vasodilator capacity has been observed in essential hypertensive patients, possibly due, at least in part, to microangiopathy of small coronary vessels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a possible relationship between subcutaneous small artery structure and coronary flow reserve or vasodilator capacity in patients with essential hypertension. Methods and results A total of 20 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were included in the study, and underwent a biopsy of the subcutaneous fat from the gluteal region. Small arteries were dissected and mounted on a micromyograph. The media thickness, the normalized internal diameter and the media : lumen ratio (M/L) were then calculated. In addition, a transesophageal Doppler echocardiographic study, which allows the measurement of coronary flow velocity before and during maximal pharmacological vasodilatation, was performed. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was measured as the ratio of coronary flow velocity assessed during adenosine infusion and that measured in basal conditions. From blood pressure and coronary flow velocity during adenosine infusion, minimum coronary resistance was calculated. CFR as well as minimum coronary resistance were significantly correlated to both M/L and to normalized internal diameter of subcutaneous small arteries. Conclusions Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of a generalized remodelling of small arteries in the body, including the coronary circulation; this remodelling may play an important role in the reduction of coronary vasodilator capacity in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Direct determination of adp in hypoxic porcine carotid artery using 31p nmr

31‐NMR spectroscopy was performed on vascular smooth muscle (VSM; porcine carotid artery) superfused with a substrate‐free high K+‐PSS. Scans were collected before (control), during (hypoxia), and after (post‐control) hypoxia, and chemical measurements of ATP (0.070 ± 0.13 m̈moles/g wet wt.) and creatine (2.04 ± 0.14 m̈mol/g wet wt.) were made. During hypoxia, well‐defined beta‐ADP signals were consistently resolved. Their areas indicated that after 30, 60, and 90 min of hypoxia, free ADP was 0.05 ± 0.01, 0.09 ± 0.01, and 0.12 ± 0.01 m̈mol/g wet wt. , respectively. The apparent tissue equilibrium constant (Kck) for creatine kinase (CK) was calculated using 90 min hypoxic data and was 7.6 ± 0.6 × 108 M–1. It was used to compute free ADP levels (m̈mol/g wet wt.) for control (0.028 ± 0.002) and post‐control (0.23 ± 0.003) periods, since ADP signals could not be directly detected, and for the 30 and 60 min hypoxic periods (0.05 ± 0.01 and 0.08 ± 0.01, respectively). The Kck‐dependent ADP values for the 30 and 60 min hypoxic periods were the same as the ADP values determined directly from the beta‐ADP peak areas, suggesting that the CK reaction is in equilibrium in smooth muscle. These data show that 31P‐NMR provides a means of directly measuring free ADP in hypoxic smooth muscle and a more accurate means of computing free ADP levels in normoxic VSM through the use of an in situ tissue Kck vs an assumed or in vitro Kck.
Women’s Awareness of and Discomfort With Sexual Assault Cues

Two studies examined the effects of alcohol and relationship type on women’s sexual assault risk perception. Study 1 participants (N = 62) consumed a moderate alcohol dose or nonalcoholic beverage, then rated their awareness of and discomfort with sexual assault risk cues in a hypothetical encounter with a new or established dating partner. Study 2 (N = 351) compared control, placebo, low, and high alcohol dose conditions using a similar scenario. Intoxicated women reported decreased awareness of and discomfort with risk cues. An established relationship decreased discomfort ratings. Findings indicate that alcohol may increase women’s sexual victimization likelihood through reduced sexual assault risk perception.
Job Characteristics and Burnout among Aging Professionals in Information and Communications Technology

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between job characteristics and burnout, i.e., exhaustion, cynicism and lack of professional efficacy, in a sample of 115 (49- to 61-yr.-old) information and communications technology professionals. Questionnaire survey data were collected at two time points. In 1995 (Time 1), higher quantitative overload and lower job control were associated with higher exhaustion. Job control was negatively associated with lack of professional efficacy. In 2001 (Time 2), quantitative overload and information overload were positively associated with exhaustion, but with job control negatively. Use of new information was negatively associated with cynicism. In addition, job control and use of new information were negatively associated with lack of professional efficacy. Job characteristics at Time 1 were not significantly associated with burnout at Time 2 when job characteristics at Time 2 were controlled.
The effect of Bcl‐2, YAMA, and XIAP over‐expression on apoptosis and adenovirus production in HEK293 cell line

Many viruses induce cell death and lysis as part of their replication and dissemination strategy, and in many cases features of apoptosis are observed. Attempts have been made to further increase productivity by prolonging cell survival via the over‐expression of anti‐apoptotic genes. Here, we extend the study to investigate the association between virus replication and apoptosis, pertinent to large‐scale vector production for gene therapy. Infection of an HEK293 cell line with a replication defective type‐5‐adenovirus expressing a GFP reporter (Ad5GFP) resulted in rapid decline in viability associated with increased virus titer. The over‐expression of bcl‐2 resulted in improved cell resistance to apoptosis and prolonged culture duration, but reduced virus specific and total productivity. In contrast, the over‐expression of pro‐caspase‐3 (Yama/CPP32/apopain) resulted in reduced cell survival but increased virus productivity. The treatment of infected cells with caspase inhibitors support the preposition that caspase‐3 dependent apoptosis, and to a lesser degree caspase‐9 dependent apoptosis, represent important steps in virus production, thus implicating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in the production of adenovirus from HEK293 cells. The suppression of apoptosis by the over‐expression of XIAP (inhibitors of caspase family cell death proteases) further shows that caspase‐mediated activation plays an important role in virus infection and maturation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 752–765 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contributions of cardiorespiratory fitness and visceral adiposity to six-year changes in cardiometabolic risk markers in apparently healthy men and women.

CONTEXT Both excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels are associated with a deteriorated cardiometabolic risk profile. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the respective contributions of changes in VAT accumulation vs. changes in CRF to 6-yr longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic risk markers. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a prospective, population-based study with an average follow-up of 5.9 ± 0.8 yr. We followed 132 middle-aged participants from the Quebec Family Study (mean age, 35.3 ± 13.9 yr). VAT was measured by computed tomography, whereas the level of CRF was assessed by a submaximal physical working capacity test at baseline and at follow-up. A complete cardiometabolic risk profile, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin levels, C-reactive protein (n = 72), as well as a standard lipoprotein-lipid profile, was obtained at baseline and at follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured changes in CRF, VAT, and cardiometabolic risk profile over 6 yr. RESULTS After adjusting for age and sex, 6-yr changes in VAT were negatively correlated with changes in CRF (r = -0.38; P < 0.001). In a multivariate model that included age, sex, changes in VAT, changes in CRF, as well as baseline levels of the above cardiometabolic risk factors, 6-yr changes in VAT were the most important predictor of the change in the metabolic syndrome score (R(2) = 13.2%; P < 0.001). Adding 6-yr changes in CRF levels significantly improved the predictability of the model (R(2) = 19.7%; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Changes in both VAT and CRF levels observed over 6 yr are associated with changes in parameters of the lipoprotein-lipid profile, glucose-insulin homeostasis, and inflammatory markers. Thus, maintaining a low level of VAT and a high level of CRF are important targets for maintenance of cardiometabolic health.
Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus subtilis Induces Anti-Inflammatory M2 Macrophages That Prevent T Cell–Mediated Disease

Commensal bacteria contribute to immune homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the underlying mechanisms for this are not well understood. A single dose of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the probiotic spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis protects mice from acute colitis induced by the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Adoptive transfer of macrophage-rich peritoneal cells from EPS-treated mice confers protection from disease to recipient mice. In vivo, EPS induces development of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in a TLR4-dependent manner, and these cells inhibit T cell activation in vitro and in C. rodentium–infected mice. In vitro, M2 macrophages inhibit CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The inhibition of CD4+ T cells is dependent on TGF-β, whereas inhibition of CD8+ T cells is dependent on TGF-β and PD-L1. We suggest that administration of B. subtilis EPS can be used to broadly inhibit T cell activation and, thus, control T cell–mediated immune responses in numerous inflammatory diseases.
Carbohydrate-functionalized Collagen Hydrogels Modulate the Glycoenviroment of a Neuronal Primary Culture.

Glycans play a central role in the development and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS), so changes in the glycosylation profile of cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) components are evident in CNS disorders. Regenerative medicine-based strategies using biomaterial platforms are being increasingly used to target these diseases and to study the glyco-signature of physiological and pathological conditions, particularly through the use of biomaterials able to recapitulate natural components and physical organization of the ECM. Collagen hydrogels have shown potential as a vehicle for the delivery of cells into the brain and their therapeutic effect can be expanded by functionalizing them to address the glycosylation patterns altered with specific brain disorders. The goal of this study is to develop and optimize a glycan-functionalized tri-dimensional collagen-based hydrogel that will contact with and modulate the differentiation of a primary neuronal culture. The developed material would provide more information of how a glyco-engineered material can influence the native glyco-signature profile during the process of cell differentiation, by a differential modulation of glycans expression at the tissue level. To this purpose, collagen polymers underwent one step reductive amination with maltose (Glc(1-4)-Glc) and lactose (Gal(1-4)-Glc) so that the pyranosidic structure of the reducing sugar could be sacrificed (acting as a linker) and -Glc and -Gal residues exposed, respectively. The glycoconjugate biopolymers were used to formulate hydrogels that were chemically and biologically characterized, and the glyco-signature profile of a neuronal culture after hydrogel treatment was analyzed by lectin staining. The hydrogel conjugated with glucose limited the astrocytic proliferation for up to two weeks and promoted the increase in sialylation, while decreasing fucosylation by two-fold. These results indicate the differential influence of the glycan residues present in the matrix on the cellular sugar expression and thus have potential for use as modulating cell delivery systems in the central nervous system.
A nine-year review of medicolegal claims in neurosurgery.

INTRODUCTION Neurosurgery remains among the highest malpractice risk specialties. This study aimed to identify areas in neurosurgery associated with litigation, attendant causes and costs. METHODS Retrospective analysis was conducted of 42 closed litigation cases treated by neurosurgeons at one hospital between March 2004 and March 2013. Data included clinical event, timing and reason for claim, operative course and legal outcome. RESULTS Twenty-nine claims were defended out of court and twelve were settled out of court. One case required court attendance and was defended. Of the 42 claims, 28, 13 and 1 related to spinal (0.3% of caseload), cranial (0.1% of caseload) and peripheral nerve (0.07% of caseload) surgery respectively. The most common causes of claims were faulty surgical technique (43%), delayed diagnosis/misdiagnosis (17%), lack of information (14%) and delayed treatment (12%), with a likelihood of success of 39%, 29%, 17% and 20% respectively. The highest median payouts were for claims against faulty surgical technique (£230,000) and delayed diagnosis/misdiagnosis (£212,650). The mean delay between clinical event and claim was 664 days. CONCLUSIONS Spinal surgery carries the highest litigation risk versus cranial and peripheral nerve surgery. Claims are most commonly against faulty surgical technique and delayed diagnosis/misdiagnosis, which have the highest success rates and payouts. In spinal surgery, the most common cause of claims is faulty surgical technique. In cranial surgery, the most common cause is lack of information. Claims may occur years after the clinical event, necessitating thorough contemporaneous documentation for adequate future defence. We emphasise thorough patient consultation and meticulous surgical technique to minimise litigation in neurosurgical practice.
Experience d'introduction de l'implant contraceptif Jadelle® en Cote D'Ivoire: Analyse de l’efficacité, des incidents et des effets indésirables chez 300 femmes.

Les implants contraceptifs sont presque inconnus en Cote d’Ivoire comme methode contraceptive. L’avenement du Jadelle® pourrait contribuer a promouvoir cette methode de contraception. L’objectif etait d’apprecier la possibilite d’introduction de l’implant Jadelle® en Cote d’Ivoire comme methode contraceptive. Il s’agissait d’une etude prospective pilote qui s’est deroulee du 1er au 31 Mai 2009 dans 10 centres de sanitaires de l’Association Ivoirienne pour le Bien Etre Familial (AIBEF). Elle a concerne 300 utilisatrices du Jadelle® comme methode contraceptive depuis 12 mois. Notre etude a consiste a evaluer l’efficacite, les effets indesirables et les incidents de la contraception par l’implant Jadelle®. La planification familiale etait le principal motif de la contraception, soit 96%. Aucune grossesse n’a ete rapportee. Des effets secondaires ont ete signales chez 18% des patientes et etaient domines par les metrorragies (33,3%). Le desir de retrait s’est exprime chez 05 patientes (01,7%), majoritairement 6 mois apres la pose (60%), pour desir de grossesse (60%). Deux (02) cas d’infection du site et un (01) cas de rejet des bâtonnets ont ete enregistres. Le Jadelle® est une methode contraceptive efficace. La reussite de son introduction en Cote d’Ivoire passe par une formation de tout le personnel soignant sur les methodes d’introduction et de retrait, et la facilitation de son accessibilite. MOTS CLES: Contraception - Implant Jadelle® - Cote d’Ivoire
The Effects of Low Dose-Rate Ionizing Radiation on the Shapes of Transients in the L>M124 Operational Amplifier

Shapes of single event transients (SETs) in a linear bipolar circuit (LM124) change with exposure to total ionizing dose (TID) radiation. SETs shape changes are a direct consequence of TID-induced degradation of bipolar transistor gain. A reduction in transistor gain causes a reduction in the drive current of the current sources in the circuit, and it is the lower drive current that most affects the shapes of large amplitude SETs.
Milk microbiome signatures of subclinical mastitis‐affected cattle analysed by shotgun sequencing

Aims: Metagenomic analysis of milk samples collected from Kankrej, Gir (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos taurus × B. indicus) cattle harbouring subclinical mastitis was carried out by next‐generation sequencing 454 GS‐FLX technology to elucidate the microbial community structure of cattle milk.
Population Study of Fixation Disparity, Heterophoria, and Vergence

&NA; Data on phorias, vergences, and fixation disparities were gathered for distant and near viewing conditions from a nonclinical, young adult population. Normative values were computed from the data for analysis and comparison. Our study revealed slightly less exophoria at far and near than Morgan's study, together with larger base‐out vergence readings. We found proportionately more esophores with exo fixation disparity who require base‐in prism to neutralize the fixation disparity than Ogle's studies found.