Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Aspects of IgM and IgG Fc Receptors on Murine T Lymphocytes

All mammalian cells receive regulating signals via surface receptors of various kinds. These receptors specifically recognize molecules like hormones, transmittor substances, pharmacological reagents, mitogens and viruses. Lymphocytes have receptors for antigens (sig), activated complement components (C3receptors), various regulatory molecules released from cells activated by mitogens or viruses (e.g. interferon and TCGF), and finally receptors for the Fc part of immunoglobuiin molecules (FcR). FcR exist on a variety of different cell types where they may or may not be involved in the specific function of the cell. Among the most striking examples of FcR mediated cellular functions are Type I hypersensitivity mediated by mast cells via their FcR for IgF, transplacental transport of IgG, antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by killer (K) cells, phagocytosis of antibody coated particles and modulation of immune responses (positive or negative) by immune complexes. The present review deals with studies on murine T lymphocytes bearing surface FcR. We will not limit the term receptor only to structures which mediate a functional change of the cells, but will rather use the term receptor
Degradation of solution based metal induced laterally crystallized p-type poly-Si TFTS under DC bias stresses

Device degradation of solution based metal-induced laterally crystallized (MILC) p-type poly-Si thin film transistors (TFTs) is studied under DC bias stresses, which is found to be dominated by negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) mechanism. While standard NBTI or electron injection (EI) is observed under -Vg or -Vd only stress, respectively, a mixed NBTI and EI degradation is observed under combined low -Vg and -Vd stresses. Under high -Vd and moderate -Vg stress, pure hot carrier (HC) degradation cannot be observed, but a combined degradation of NBTI and HC occurs. Grain boundary (GB) trap generation is found to correlate with the NBTI degradation with the same time exponent, suggesting the key role of GB trap generation in poly-Si TFTspsila degradation.
A Drosophila model to study retinitis pigmentosa pathology associated with mutations in the core splicing factor Prp8

ABSTRACT Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) represents genetically heterogeneous and clinically variable disease characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors resulting in a gradual loss of vision. The autosomal dominant RP type 13 (RP13) has been linked to the malfunction of PRPF8, an essential component of the spliceosome. Over 20 different RP-associated PRPF8 mutations have been identified in human patients. However, the cellular and molecular consequences of their expression in vivo in specific tissue contexts remain largely unknown. Here, we establish a Drosophila melanogaster model for RP13 by introducing the nine distinct RP mutations into the fly PRPF8 ortholog prp8 and express the mutant proteins in precise spatiotemporal patterns using the Gal4/UAS system. We show that all nine RP-Prp8 mutant proteins negatively impact developmental timing, albeit to a different extent, when expressed in the endocrine cells producing the primary insect moulting hormone. In the developing eye primordium, uncommitted epithelial precursors rather than differentiated photoreceptors appeared sensitive to Prp8 malfunction. Expression of the two most pathogenic variants, Prp8S>F and Prp8H>R, induced apoptosis causing alterations to the adult eye morphology. The affected tissue mounted stress and cytoprotective responses, while genetic programs underlying neuronal function were attenuated. Importantly, the penetrance and expressivity increased under prp8 heterozygosity. In contrast, blocking apoptosis alleviated cell loss but not the redox imbalance. Remarkably, the pathogenicity of the RP-Prp8 mutations in Drosophila correlates with the severity of clinical phenotypes in patients carrying the equivalent mutations, highlighting the suitability of the Drosophila model for in-depth functional studies of the mechanisms underlying RP13 etiology. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: A Drosophila melanogaster disease model of retinitis pigmentosa type 13 to study the mechanisms underlying the loss of tissue homeostasis and degeneration caused by mutations in the core component of the spliceosome Prp8.
The intubating laryngeal mask: is there a role for paramedics?

Objective: To compare the ability of UK paramedics to intubate a simulated difficult airway using a Mackintosh laryngoscope versus an intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA). Method/Design: A randomised controlled trial. Results: 100% of the paramedics were able to intubate a simulated difficult airway using the ILMA versus 0% of those using the Mackintosh laryngoscope. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the ability of paramedics to use the ILMA when faced with a difficult intubation. However, further evaluation of this potential role for the ILMA is required.
Extracellular thiol-assisted selenium uptake dependent on the xc− cystine transporter explains the cancer-specific cytotoxicity of selenite

The selenium salt selenite (SeO32−) is cytotoxic in low to moderate concentrations, with a remarkable specificity for cancer cells resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Our data show that selenium uptake and accumulation, rather than intracellular events, are crucial to the specific selenite cytotoxicity observed in resistant cancer cells. We show that selenium uptake depends on extracellular reduction, and that the extracellular environment is a key factor specific to selenite cytotoxicity. The extracellular reduction is mediated by cysteine, and the efficacy is determined by the uptake of cystine by the xc− antiporter and secretion of cysteine by multidrug resistance proteins, both of which are frequently overexpressed by resistant cancer cells. This mechanism provides molecular evidence for the existence of an inverse relationship between resistance to conventional chemotherapy and sensitivity to selenite cytotoxicity, and highlights the great therapeutic potential in treating multidrug-resistant cancer.
Speech and text translation involving basque language: an application of stochastic finite-state transducers

El objeto de este trabajo es la traduccion automatica de texto y de voz tomando el euskera bien como lengua origen, bien como lengua destino, No nos restringimos a la traduccion de texto, sino que consideramos tambien la voz. Abordamos la traduccion automatica dentro del marco probabilistico, que durante los ultimos anos ha despertado un gran interes en la comunidad cientifica principalmente debido a los algoritmos que permiten inferir automaticamente modelos de traduccion a partir de muestras bilingues. En este contexto, hacemos uso del algoritmo giati (definido previamente en la literatura), que da lugar a un transductor estocastico de estados finitos (TEEF). Como contribucion principal de este trabajo se destaca la definicion e implementacion de una extension del algoritmo giati que explota secuencias de palabras, o phrases, en lugar de palabras aisladas. Los modelos basados en phrases, sean de naturaleza estadistica o linguistica, tienen la ventaja de hacer un mejor uso del contexto dando lugar a traducciones mas precisas. Como contrapartida, requieren de tratamientos especificos de suavizado a fin de alcanzar un nivel de generalidad similar al de los modelos basados en palabras. En lo que a modelado de transductores se refiere, tambien hemos explorado el uso de tecnicas de categorizacion. Se han estudiado dos aproximaciones: la primera utiliza categorias como lenguaje intermedio entre la lengua origen y la destino a fin de obtener dos traductores mas precisos que el traductor directo; la segunda, engasta transductores especificos en un modelo de categorias que sera el responsable de guiar la traduccion. En lo que a la traduccion de voz respecta, la aproximacion clasica implica a un sistema de reconocimiento automatico del habla seguido de un sistema de traduccion de texto. Esta arquitectura desacoplada ha sido criticada debido a que el sistema de traduccion obvia la contribucion de la fuente de conocimiento acustico. A este respecto, los modelos de estados finitos ofrecen gran versatilidad. La integracion del modelo de traduccion con modelos acusticos da lugar a una nueva red de estados finitos que aborda la traduccion en un solo paso explotando conjuntamente conocimiento acustico y de traduccion. Los modelos y las arquitecturas propuestas han sido evaluados en una tarea de dominio restringido en castellano y euskera, las dos lenguas oficiales de la comunidad autonoma vasca. El exito de los sistemas de traduccion depende en gran medida de la calidad de las muestras de entrenamiento, pero tambien de las propias lenguas involucradas, y como es sabido, el castellano y el euskera difieren notablemente tanto en la sintaxis como en la morfologia. A pesar de que los modelos propuestos superan al modelo de referencia, la necesidad de seguir investigando en este campo es manifiesta, particularmente, en lo que a modelado de reordenamiento se refiere.
Simulation in a disaster drill: comparison of high-fidelity simulators versus trained actors.

OBJECTIVES High-fidelity patient simulation provides lifelike medical scenarios with real-time stressors. Mass casualty drills must construct a realistic incident in which providers care for multiple injured patients while simultaneously coping with numerous stressors designed to tax an institution's resources. This study compared the value of high-fidelity simulated patients with live actor-patients. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted during two mass casualty drills in December 2006 and March 2007. The providers' completion of critical actions was tested in live actor-patients and simulators. A posttest survey compared the participants' perception of "reality" between the simulators and live actor victims. RESULTS The victims (n = 130) of the mass casualty drill all had burn-, blast-, or inhalation-related injuries. The participants consisted of physicians, residents, medical students, clerks, and paramedics. The authors compared the team's execution of the 136 critical actions (17 critical actions x 8 scenarios) between the simulators and the live actor-patients. Only one critical action was missed in the simulator group and one in the live actor group, resulting in a miss rate of 0.74% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01% to 4.5%). All questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The vast majority of participants disagreed or strongly disagreed that the simulators were a distraction from the disaster drill. More than 96% agreed or strongly agreed that they would recommend the simulator as a training tool. The mean survey scores for all participants demonstrated agreement that the simulators closely mimicked real-life scenarios, accurately represented disease states, and heightened the realism of patient assessment and treatment options during the drill with the exception of nurse participants, who agreed slightly less strongly. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that simulators compared to live actor-patients have equivalent results in prompting critical actions in mass casualty drills and increase the perceived reality of such exercises.
Abductive Matching in Question Answering

We study question-answering over semi-structured data. We introduce a new way to apply the technique of semantic parsing by applying machine learning only to provide annotations that the system infers to be missing; all the other parsing logic is in the form of manually authored rules. In effect, the machine learning is used to provide non-syntactic matches, a step that is ill-suited to manual rules. The advantage of this approach is in its debuggability and in its transparency to the end-user. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by achieving state-of-the-art performance of 40.42% accuracy on a standard benchmark dataset over tables from Wikipedia.
Case-control study of pleural mesothelioma in workers with social security in Mexico.

BACKGROUND Environmental and occupational exposure to asbestos in Mexico in the past has been a cause of deaths and health damages. Its magnitude is unknown to date. Our objective was to identify the proportion of cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) that can be attributed to and occupational exposure to asbestos. METHODS We carried out a case-control study of MPM in 472 workers insured by the Mexican Institute of Social Security, all Valley of Mexico residents, with 119 incident cases and 353 controls. Cases were histologically confirmed. Participants were questioned concerning their occupational history and sociodemographic data. Assignment to one of the four exposures was performed qualitatively by an expert hygienist. Odds ratios (ORs) and attributable risks (ARs) were calculated using a non-conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS A total of 80.6% of cases and 31.5% of controls had occupational exposure to asbestos. ORs were adjusted for age and gender and by exposure category, and exhibited an increase with probability of exposure as follows: 3.7(95% CI 1.3-10.4) for the likely category and 14.3(95% CI 8-26) for the certain category; AR in the group occupationally exposed to asbestos was 83.2%, and the population AR was 44%. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the relationship between industrial uses of all forms of asbestos is generating an increase in mesothelioma-related diseases and deaths among Mexican workers. As a public health policy, Mexico should prohibit the use of asbestos in all production processes with the aim of controlling the epidemic and preventing the occurrence of new cases of MPM.
Genetic and genomic approaches to study placental development

Recent technological advances in genetic manipulation and expression profiling offer excellent opportunities to elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling developmental processes during embryogenesis. Thus, this revolution also strongly benefits studies of the molecular genetics of placental development. Here we review the findings of several expression profiling analyses in extraembryonic tissues and assess how this work can contribute to the identification of essential components governing placental development. We further discuss the relevance of these components in the context of genetic manipulation experiments. In conclusion, the intelligent combination of genetic and genomic approaches will substantially accelerate the progress in identifying the key molecular pathways of placental development.
Prostanoid Receptors/cAMP on Synovial Fibroblasts via Specific E a TNF-Proinflammatory/Prodestructive Effects of Differentially Modulates 2 Prostaglandin E

The present study investigated the inﬂuence of PGE 2 , E prostanoid (EP) receptors, and their signaling pathways on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and IL-6 expression in synovial ﬁbroblasts (SFs) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. RASFs expressed all four EP receptors, with selective induction of EP2 by TNF- (cid:1) . TNF- (cid:1) time-dependently increased intracellular cAMP/protein kinase A signaling (maximum, 6–12 h) and PGE 2 secretion (maximum, 24 h). PGE 2 and the EP2 agonists butaprost or ONO-AE1-259 ((16)-9-deoxy-9 (cid:2) -chloro-15-deoxy-16-hydroxy-17,17-trimethylene-19,20-didehydro PGE 1 ), in turn, induced a rapid, time-dependent (maximum, 15–30 min) increase of cAMP. Additionally, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by NS-398 ( N -(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)-methanesulfonamide) reduced the TNF- (cid:1) -induced increase in IL-6 mRNA/protein, which was restored by stimulation with PGE 2 or EP2, EP3, and EP4 agonists. In contrast, TNF- (cid:1) -induced MMP-1 secretion was not inﬂuenced by NS-398 and diminished by PGE 2 via EP2. Finally, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine enhanced the effects of PGE 2 on MMP-1, but not on IL-6 mRNA. In conclusion, PGE 2 differentially affects TNF- (cid:1) -induced mRNA expression of proinﬂammatory IL-6 and prodestructive MMP-1 regarding the usage of EP receptors and the dependency on cAMP. Although speciﬁc blockade of EP2 receptors is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in RA, opposite regulation of proinﬂammatory IL-6 and prodestructive MMP-1 by PGE 2 via EP2 may require more complex approaches to successfully inhibit the cyclooxygenase-1/2 cAMP axis. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 183: 0000–0000.
Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronically Symptomatic Bipolar Patients

Objective The aim of this study was to determine if cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is beneficial in chronically symptomatic bipolar (CSBP) subjects. Methods A retrospective chart review of all consecutive CSBP subjects who were prescribed CES collected demographic and clinical information. Results The Clinical Global Impression improved significantly [mean (SD), 2.7 (0.6) at baseline vs 2.0 (0.0), t = 0, P < 0.001], but mood symptoms change minimally. There were very few adverse effects of CES. Conclusions Patients with CSBP continue to experience symptoms with CES but also are modestly improved.
CVNS Synapse Multiplier for Robust Neurochips With On-Chip Learning

Designing low noise-to-signal-ratio (NSR) structures is one of the main concerns when implementing hardware-based neural networks. In this paper, a new continuous valued number system (CVNS) multiplication algorithm for low-resolution environment is proposed with accurate results. Using the proposed CVNS multiplication algorithm, VLSI implementation of a high-resolution mixed-signal CVNS synapse multiplier for neurochips with on-chip learning is realized. The proposed CVNS multiplication algorithm provides structures with lower NSR. Therefore, the proposed CVNS multiplication algorithm can be exploited to design robust CVNS Adaline for neurochips with on-chip learning.
Is involvement of inflammation underestimated in Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease?

Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a severe hypomyelinating leukodystrophy resulting from proteolipid protein 1 gene (PLP1) mutations leading to oligodendrocyte loss. While neuroinflammation has recently become a common feature and actor in neurodegenerative diseases, the involvement of inflammation in PMD physiopathology is still highly debated despite evidence for strong astrogliosis and microglial cell activation. Activation of the innate immune system, and more particularly, of microglia and astrocytes, is mostly associated with the deleterious role of neuroinflammation. However, in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, microglia appear beneficial for repair based on their role in myelin debris removal or recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In this review, we will discuss recent published data in terms of their relevance to the role of microglia in PMD evolution, and of their impact on the improvement of therapeutic approaches combining immunomodulation and cell therapy to promote optimal recovery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secure Authenticated Broadcast Communication in Fully Connected Networks

We address the problem of secure authenticated broadcast in fully connected networks where every user has a communication channel with every other user. The problem poses interesting challenges and current solutions tradeoff either storage or computational overhead. We describe three solutions that provide a good balance of storage and computational complexity. Our solutions use concepts like compatible keys, one-way hash chains and logarithmic keying to achieve efficiency. By using a logical hierarchical partitioning of users our solutions achieve scalability.
Epilepsy in brain tumor patients.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on anticonvulsant treatments in patients with brain tumors and epilepsy, in consideration of the rapidly expanding spectrum of these agents. RECENT FINDINGS Despite the fact that this clinical condition is frequent, scarce evidence is available on this topic. Current American Association of Neurology practice parameters, published a decade ago, discourage the prescription of prophylactic anticonvulsant treatment; this should, however, be implemented after a first seizure in view of the high recurrence risk. Several observational series describe the use of newer anti-epileptic compounds in this clinical setting, suggesting that these should be preferred to traditional anticonvulsants in view of their safety regarding pharmacokinetic interactions and better tolerability. In particular, levetiracetam and pregabalin seem promising. Anti-epileptic treatment leads to a complete control or a marked reduction of seizures in most patients with brain tumors; however, there is currently no evidence that efficacy is different among all marketed anti-epileptic drugs. SUMMARY Despite the lack of high-level evidence data, the use of anticonvulsants devoid of pharmacokinetic interactions should be recommended in patients with epilepsy symptomatic of brain tumors. Prospective, comparative studies are needed to address open questions regarding the role of specific agents and optimal treatment duration.
Hopf bifurcation in TCP/adaptive RED

Conditions in terms of adaptation parameter gamma and low-pass filter parameter omegaq are given for the occurrence of a supercritical Hopf bifurcation of a TCP/adaptive RED model. We show the existence of asymptotically stable limit cycles in the closed-loop nonlinear system. We relate our results to the existing adaptive RED algorithms of (Feng et al., A Self Configuring RED Gateway, Infocom, 1999) and (Floyd et al., Adaptive RED). Predicted theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations, carried out by using Simnon and network simulator 2.
Continuous versus interrupted suture for hepatic artery reconstruction using a loupe in living-donor liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND Partial liver transplantation from live donors is now widely performed to compensate for the shortage of deceased donors' organs. Operative microscopy is often used to achieve hepatic artery anastomosis. Here we report our experience of hepatic artery reconstruction using loupe magnification. MATERIAL/METHODS We used operative microscopy (12-16× magnification) in our early experience. We changed to loupe magnification (3.5×) in 43 cases. Reconstructions were done with continuous, end-to-end anastomoses with 8-0 nylon and a 3.5× loupe was used for the arterial anastomosis. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 8 months. There were no cases of hepatic artery thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic artery reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation with continuous end-to-end suturing using loupe magnification can yield good results.
Regulation of dipeptide transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by micromolar amino acid concentrations

Prototrophic Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180, when grown on unsupplemented minimal medium, displayed little sensitivity to ethionine- and m-fluorophenylalanine-containing toxic dipeptides. We examined the influence of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids on sensitivity to toxic dipeptides. A number of these amino acids, at concentrations as low as 1 microM (leucine and tryptophan), produced large increases in sensitivity to leucyl-ethionine, alanyl-ethionine, and leucyl-m-fluorophenylalanine. Sensitivity to ethionine and m-fluorophenylalanine remained high under either set of conditions. The addition of 0.15 mM tryptophan to a growing culture resulted in the induction of dipeptide transport, as indicated by a 25-fold increase in the initial rate of L-leucyl-L-[3H]leucine accumulation. This increase, which was prevented by the addition of cycloheximide, began within 30 min and peaked approximately 240 min after a shift to medium containing tryptophan. Comparable increases in peptidase activity were not apparent in crude cell extracts from tryptophan-induced cultures. We concluded that S. cerevisiae possesses a specific mechanism for the induction of dipeptide transport that can respond to very low concentrations of amino acids.