Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CHLOROTHIAZIDE

During the past ten years we have been actively interested in the important role of the kidney in the regulation of electrolyte balance. To the physiologist, this role of the kidney is critical to the basic consideration of those clinical entities wherein retention of sodium chloride in particular plays an important primary or secondary part in their pathogenesis. To the pharmacologist, the effective and safe modulation of salt retention by the kidney would be anticipated to have significance in the basic management of diseases the symptomatology of which more or less obviously relates to electrolyte homeostasis. Consequently, we anticipated that, with the aid of a suitable saluretic (saltexcreting) agent, one might permit the hypertensive patient an intake of salt sufficient to maintain his physiological requirements and relieve him of his propensity to store it beyond them. Wherein salt retention contributes to hypertension, it was hypothesized that a saluretic agent should induce an antihypertensive effect or attenuate the rate of progress of the disease. Where there was a gross retention of fluid with salt, a saluretic agent should induce water diuresis. In the course of our study relating the structure of organic acids to their effect on electrolyte excretion, an unusual heterocyclic acid, chlorothiazide (Diuril) was found to increase substantially the renal elimination of sodium and chloride by the dog. Preliminary accounts of this research have been reported from our laboratory within the past few Novello and Sprague4 have identified this compound as 6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1 , 1-dioxide and have assigned to it the following structure:
Contribution to a diagnosis system of the Whewellite- and Weddellite crystals in human urinary using data minig algorithms

The goal of this study is to develop a simple intelligent urolithiasis diagnosis system. The accuracy of the system was determined by comparing the recognition rates of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)-, k-nearest Neighbor (kNN)-, and Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithms. The results showed that the ANN model was superior to SVM and KNN models in prediction. We aimed through this work to classify the subjects in three classes according to the chemical concentrations of variables (Ca, Ox, pCaOx, Ca/ Ox) using and according to their clinical status. The ANN model, used to determine the first class that contains the subjects presenting their urine a calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaC 2O4,H 2O : whewellite (Wh)) crystal type. This ANN model reached a correct prediction rate of 85.3%. Using SVM- and KNN model the correct prediction rate reached 82.6% and 65.55% respectively. The second class contains the subjects presenting a calcium oxalate dihydrate (CaC 2O4,2H 2O wedellite (Wd)) crystal type. The ANN-, SVM- and KNN model reached a 93.4%-, 94.2%- and 77.25% correct prediction rate, respectively. In third class that corresponds to the subjects who have negative crystalluria (NC), ANN-, SVM- and KNN model reached a 91.7%-, 87.8%- and 69.77% correct prediction rate, respectively. Compared to SVM- and KNN models, the developed system using ANN model has allowed us to discriminate the subjects. This system is important in clinical laboratories since it could be a helpful tool for provide information about the development, formation of urinary stones crystals and the determination of their crystal type.
Studies on the relationship between lectin binding carbohydrates and different strains of Leishmania from the New World.

The culture forms of L. mexicana pifanoi (LRC L-90), L. mexicana mexicana (LRC L-94, M-379); L. braziliensis braziliensis (LRC L-77, L-1, M-2903, H-LSS) and L. mexicana amazonensis (H-JMMO, M-JOF, H-21, H-PLL,M-1696) were tested with the following lectins: Canavalia ensiformis, Ricinus communis-120, Axinella polypoides, Phaseolus vulgaris, Evonymus europaeus, lotus tetragonolobus, Dolichos biflorus, Aaptos papillata II, Laburnum alpinum, Ulex europaeus, Arachis hypogaea and Soja hispida. All examined strains of Leishmania were agglutinated by C. ensiformis, R. communis-120 and A. popypoides. No agglutination reactions were observed with P. vulgaris, D.biflorus, A. papillata II, E. europaeus and L. tetragonolobus. Only L. m. pifanoi and the L. m. amazonensis strains H-JMMO and MJOF showed agglutination reactions with S. hispida, U. europaeus, L. alpinum and A. hypogaea, while L. m. mexicana (LRC L-94; M-379) strains, L. b. braziliensis H. LSS, LRC L-77; L-1; M-2903 and the L. m. amazonensis strains, H-PLL, H-21, M-1696 showed no agglutination reactions with these four lectins.
IMPACT OF CEMENT DUST ON AzAdirAchtA indicA 285 IMPACT OF CEMENT DUST ON AzAdirAchtA indicA LEAVES-A MEASURE OF AIR POLLUTION IN AND AROUND ARIYALUR

Ariyalur, situated in Tamilnadu is rich in limestone and there are many cement factories in and around Ariyalur. Six lakes in and around Ariyalur was considered for the study and Azadirachta indica leaves commonly known as neem leaves from neem trees were collected for estimation of total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’ and moisture content. The estimated chlorophyll and moisture contents were compared with control. It was found that both the chlorophyll and moisture levels in the leaves were less in all the six locations in and around Ariyalur. The reason is attributed to the accumulation of cement dust on the leaves resulting in retarded growth of the trees. Hence, the estimation of chlorophyll content and moisture content can be taken as a measure of air pollution. Water has to be sprinkled, if grown, on the leaves of trees or plants for removal of cement dust for the healthy growth of the plants.
Word frequency effects in speech production: Retrieval of syntactic information and of phonological form

In 7 experiments the authors investigated the locus of word frequency effects in speech production, Experiment 1 demonstrated a frequency effect in picture naming that was robust over repetitions, Experiments 2, 3, and 7 excluded contributions from object identification and initiation of articulation. Experiments 4 and 5 investigated whether the effect arises in accessing the syntactic word (lemma) by using a grammatical gender decision task. Although a frequency effect was found, it dissipated under repeated access to a word's gender. Experiment 6 tested whether the robust frequency effect arises in accessing the phonological form (lexeme) by having Ss translate words that produced homophones. Low-frequent homophones behaved like high-frequent controls, inheriting the accessing speed of their high-frequent homophone twins
Forecasting Fiscal Revenues in a Transition Country: The Case of Croatia

In this paper we asses the ability of alternative time series models to produce accurate fiscal revenue forecasts in a transition country and compare them to offi cial forecast. We take on a disaggregated approach and estimate separate models for seven revenue sources. Alternative time series models – trend model, random walk, ARIMA, regression and error correction models – are specified using quarterly data. One - and two - year ahead forecasts are calculated and compared against actual values and official forecasts. Results suggest that despite impediments, econometric methods produce forecasts that are in general more accurate than official forecasts prepared using expert judgment.
NHE1 promotes invadopodial ECM proteolysis through acidification of the peri‐invadopodial space

Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is a critical process in tumor cell invasion and requires membrane and released proteases focalized at membrane structures called invadopodia. While extracellular acidification is important in driving tumor invasion, the structure/function mechanisms underlying this regulation are still unknown. Invadopodia are similar in structure and function to osteoclast podosomes responsible for bone degradation, and extracellular acidification is central to podosome action, suggesting that it could also be for invadopodial function. Here, utilizing a novel system for in situ zymography in native matrices, we show that the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) and NHEl‐generated extracellular acidification are localized at and necessary for invadopodial‐dependent ECM degradation, thereby promoting tumor invasion. Stimulation with EGF increased both NHE1‐dependent proton secretion and ECM degradation. Manipulation of the NHE1 expression by RNA interference or activity via either transport‐deficient mutation or the specific inhibitor cariporide confirmed that NHE1 expression and activity are required for invadopodia‐mediated ECM degradation. Taken together, our data show a concordance among NHE1 localization, the generation of a well‐defined acidic extracellular pH in the nanospace surrounding invadopodia, and matrix‐degrading activity at invadopodia of human malignant breast carcinoma cells, providing a structural basis for the role of NHE1 in invasion and identifying NHE1 as a strategic target for therapeutic intervention. —Busco, G. , Cardone, R. A. , Greco, M. R. , Bellizzi, A. , Colella, M. , Antelmi, E. , Mancini, M. T. , Dell'Aquila, M. E. , Casavola, V. , Paradiso, A. , Reshkin, S. J. NHE1 promotes invadopodial ECM proteolysis through acidification of the peri‐invadopodial space. FASEB J. 24, 3903–3915 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Do-not-resuscitate orders for critically ill patients in intensive care

End-of-life decision making frequently occurs in the intensive care unit (ICU). There is a lack of information on how a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order affects treatments received by critically ill patients in ICUs. The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare the use of life support therapies between patients with a DNR order and those without; (2) to examine life support therapies prior to and after the issuance of a DNR order; and (3) to determine the clinical factors that influence the initiation of a DNR order in ICUs in Taiwan. A prospective, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted. A total of 202 patients comprising 133 (65.8%) who had a DNR order, and 69 (34.1%) who did not, participated in this study. In the last 48 hours of their lives, patients who had a DNR order were less likely to receive life support therapies than those who did not have a DNR order. Older age, being unmarried, the presence of an adult child as a surrogate decision maker, a perceived inability to survive ultimate discharge from the ICU, and longer hospitalization in the ICU were significant predictors of issuing a DNR order for critically ill patients. This study will draw attention to how, when, and by whom, critically ill patients’ preferences about DNR are elicited and honored.
Democracy and the state in the new Southern Europe

Contributors to this volume - Francis G. Castles, University of Edinburgh P. Nikiforos Diamandouros, University of Athens Marisol Garcia, University of Barcelona Carlo Guarnieri, University of Bologna Richard Gunther, Ohio State University Yorgos Kaminis, University of Athens Neovi Karakatsanis, Indiana University South Bend Ivan Llamazares, Universidad de Salamanca Pedro C. Magalhaes, University of Lisbon Jose M. Magone, University of Hull Edward E. Malefakis, Columbia University Gary Marks, University of North Carolina Geoffrey Pridham, University of Bristol Dimitri A. Sotiropoulos, University of Athens Stavros B. Thomadakis, University of Athens
Liquid‐Phase Metal Inclusions for a Conductive Polymer Composite

dielectric elastomer actuators, [ 17 ] and memristors. [ 18 ] Liquidphase gallium–indium alloys are popular for this “microfl uidics” approach to stretchable electronics since they are nontoxic and form an oxide layer [ 19–22 ] that aids in microcontact printing, [ 23 ] electrode alignment, [ 24 ] and 3D printing. [ 25 ] Finally, a common approach to stretchable electronics is to embed thin fi lms of elastomer with a percolating network of conductive particulates, such as structured carbon black, [ 26 ] carbon nanotubes, [ 27–30 ] silver nanoparticles, [ 31,32 ] silver nanowires, [ 33 ]
Naltrexone biotransformation and incidence of subjective side effects: a preliminary study.

When administered orally, naltrexone undergoes extensive biotransformation and is metabolized to 6 beta-naltrexol and other minor metabolites. Naltrexone has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of alcohol dependence. An important clinical issue with naltrexone treatment is predicting patient compliance, which may be influenced by adverse side effects experienced during the medication. We investigated whether subjective side effects were related to urinary concentrations of naltrexone and its metabolite 6 beta-naltrexol 3 hr after administration of 50 mg po naltrexone in 24 male moderate-to-heavy social drinkers. The results showed significantly higher levels of urinary 6 beta-naltrexol (p < 0.05) in those subjects who experienced one or more side effect (i.e., headache, nausea, anxiety, or erection). Urinary naltrexone levels did not differ between the groups. Results also showed an approximate 10:1 ratio of 6 beta-naltrexol to naltrexone levels and a significant positive correlation between the parent compound and metabolite, suggesting parallel renal clearance. The results of this study suggest a possible mechanism for the side effects observed after acute administration of naltrexone.
Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole and haloperidol versus placebo in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

BACKGROUND Aripiprazole is an investigational agent for treating schizophrenia that has a novel pharmacologic profile. The present study investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of aripiprazole and haloperidol compared with placebo. METHOD A 4-week, double-blind, randomized study, conducted at 36 U.S. centers between July 1997 and June 1998, compared aripiprazole (15 mg/day, 30 mg/day) to placebo, with haloperidol (10 mg/day) as an active control. Fixed doses of each agent were administered from day 1 throughout the study. A total of 414 patients with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomized. Efficacy measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total, PANSS positive, PANSS negative, PANSS-derived Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) core, Clinical Global Impressions (CGI)-Severity of Illness, and mean CGI-Improvement scores. Safety and tolerability evaluations included extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), weight gain, serum prolactin level, and QTc interval. RESULTS Both doses of aripiprazole and haloperidol, 10 mg, produced statistically significant (p < or = .05) improvements from baseline in PANSS total, PANSS positive, PANSS-derived BPRS core, and CGI-Severity scores and significantly lower CGI-Improvement scores at endpoint, compared with placebo. Aripiprazole, 15 mg, and haloperidol, 10 mg, significantly improved PANSS negative score compared with placebo. Both aripiprazole doses and haloperidol separated from placebo for PANSS total scores at week 2. Unlike haloperidol, aripiprazole was not associated with significant EPS or prolactin elevation at endpoint compared with placebo. There were no statistically significant differences in mean changes in body weight across the treatment groups versus placebo, and no patients receiving aripiprazole experienced clinically significant increases in QTc interval. CONCLUSION Aripiprazole, effective against positive and negative symptoms, is a safe and well-tolerated potential treatment for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
EFFECT OF FERMENTATION ON THE NUTRIENT AND ANTINUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF BAOBAB (ADANSONIA DIGITATA) SEEDS AND RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) GRAINS

This study is part of an ongoing investigation on the effect of fermentation on chemical and antinutrient compositions of baobab seeds and rice grains. Baobab seeds and rice grains were cleaned and fermented for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, by the microflora present in both the seed and the grains. The pH and titratable acidity of the unfermented and fermented samples were determined. The samples were dried and milled into fine flours respectively. Standard assay techniques were used to evaluate the f lours for proximate, mineral, and some antinutrient composition. Fermentation of baobab decreased protein and carbohydrate but increased fat levels. The rice carbohydrate and fat were decreased during fermentation except for the carbohydrate of the 48 and 72 h fermented samples. Protein was only increased in the 24 h fermented rice. Fermentation had varied effects on the mineral concentrations of the baobab seeds and the rice grains. It reduced their antinutrients (phytate and tannins), decreased pH, and increased the titratable acidity of the samples. The biochemical and biological evaluation of the blends of baobab and rice flours as complementary food is in progress in this laboratory.
Can GSS groups make better decisions and feel good at the same time? A longitudinal study of asynchronous GSS groups

A comprehensive review of GSS research literature indicates that in over 200 different GSS research experiments done in the last decade, GSS generally increases group decision quality or effectiveness. However, 90% of the experiments report that GSS does not increase and frequently even decreases group satisfaction. This can lead to the rejection of adoption and/or use of GSS in organizations, and has understandably become a main concern in GSS research literature. The current research explores this important issue. With a theoretical framework specifically aiming to support group development and team building, it is hypothesized that GSS embedded within such framework may help groups make better decisions and at the same time, feel good. A longitudinal study was conducted using a second generation GSS. The suggested results reported that GSS embedded within this framework generally enhance decision quality and increase group satisfaction at the same time.
Quantitative Assessment of Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) Gene Transcripts in Egyptian Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients

Background Accurate assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients after initial chemotherapy is essential to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic regimens. Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) is a pan-leukemic marker used for identification of the leukemic clone rather than the use of individual specific molecular aberration of ALL. Methods Using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, bone marrow samples from 41 newly diagnosed Egyptian ALL patients; 22 adults and 19 children were examined for WT1 expression. After induction therapy, WT1 expression was reestimated in 20 ALL patients. Results WT1 was overexpressed in adult and pediatric ALL patients (95.4% and 89.4%, respectively). WT1 expression at diagnosis had no statistically significant impact on disease-free survival of patients (P = 0.054). However, WT1 expression increased after induction chemotherapy in the 3 pediatric patients who had relapse. Conclusions WT1 is a leukemia-associated molecular marker that may be used for the diagnosis and for monitoring clinical progress in ALL; it also can be used as a molecular target for adoptive immunotherapy.
Chronic overexpression of membrane‐bound flt3 ligand by T lymphocytes in severe aplastic anaemia

Aplastic anaemia (AA) is an immune‐mediated bone marrow failure associated with high serum levels of flt3 ligand (FL). We examined expression of the membrane‐bound isoform of FL in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells from AA patients at diagnosis (n = 16) and after immunosuppressive (IS) treatment (n = 36). Flow cytometry demonstrated strongly increased FL levels on the cell surface of T lymphocytes in AA relative to normal controls (P < 0·0001). T‐cell‐specific expression of membrane‐bound FL was confirmed by confocal microscopy. FL mRNA and total cellular FL protein levels were increased about threefold. Overexpression of FL in AA was observed for up to 20 years after IS treatment. FL levels correlated inversely with CD34+ cell numbers and the colony‐forming ability of AA bone marrow (R = −0·68 and −0·85 respectively). Histological examination of spleen specimens and bone marrow biopsies gave no evidence of degeneration or fibrosis due to prolonged exposure to high FL. Levels of membrane‐bound FL were not increased in autoimmune diseases (n = 23), including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, nor in graft‐versus‐host disease (n = 8). Chronic overexpression of FL on the surface of T lymphocytes in AA, but not in other T‐cell‐mediated disorders, suggests that membrane‐bound FL plays a role in cell–cell interactions in bone marrow failure and may be important for long‐term haemopoietic recovery.
Etablissement d’une climatologie des propriétés des aérosols de poussières à partir d’observations hyperspectrales dans l’infrarouge : application aux instruments AIRS et IASI

Les aerosols, d'origine naturelle ou anthropique, jouent un role important dans le systeme climatique. Ces particules en suspension dans l'atmosphere interagissent directement avec le rayonnement et de facon indirecte avec les autres composants de l'atmosphere. Leur impact sur le bilan radiatif reste difficile a quantifier, notamment a cause de la difficulte de mesurer precisement leurs proprietes microphysiques et optiques. De plus, leur grande variabilite spatio-temporelle en fait un objet d'etude complexe. La diversite des observations spatiales rend possible une meilleure comprehension du role des aerosols. En teledetection passive, le sondage infrarouge reste peu utilise par rapport aux techniques operant dans le visible. Or, en plus de permettre la cloture du bilan radiatif, l’infrarouge permet d’obtenir des observations de jour comme de nuit, sur mer comme sur terre. L'acces a l'altitude moyenne represente un atout majeur de l'infrarouge. Cette these presente une methode d'inversion des observations des sondeurs infrarouges a tres haute resolution spectrale AIRS et IASI. Une climatologie de 8 ans des proprietes des poussieres desertiques (epaisseur optique a 10 µm et altitude moyenne) a ete etablie a partir d’AIRS et validee grâce a la synergie instrumentale de l’A-Train (MODIS, CALIOP, PARASOL). La distribution spatiale et le cycle naturel des poussieres desertiques dans les tropiques sont decrits de facon complete. La tres haute resolution apportee par IASI a permis d'etendre la methode a l'inversion du rayon effectif du mode grossier des poussieres et d’amorcer l’etude de leur evolution au cours de leur transport dans l’atmosphere
Social scientists' satisfaction with data reuse

Much of the recent research on digital data repositories has focused on assessing either the trustworthiness of the repository or quantifying the frequency of data reuse. Satisfaction with the data reuse experience, however, has not been widely studied. Drawing from the information systems and information science literature, we developed a model to examine the relationship between data quality and data reusers' satisfaction. Based on a survey of 1,480 journal article authors who cited Inter‐University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) data in published papers from 2008–2012, we found several data quality attributes—completeness, accessibility, ease of operation, and credibility—had significant positive associations with data reusers' satisfaction. There was also a significant positive relationship between documentation quality and data reusers' satisfaction.