Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Characterization of Hole Trapping Near Black Phosphorus–SiO2 Interface During NBTI Stress in 2-D BP p-FETs

2-D p-channel FETs with black phosphorus (BP) channel and silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) gate oxide have been fabricated. An ultrafast characterization method (10-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> delay) is used to measure the shift in threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {V}_{{\text {T}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) during and after negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) stress under different gate biases (V<sub>GSTR</sub>) and temperatures (T). The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {V}_{{\text {T}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> stress and recovery kinetics are ascribed to hole trapping and detrapping (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {V}_{{\text {HT}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) near the BP–SiO<sub>2</sub> interface, due to the choice of channel material, SiO<sub>2</sub> thickness (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {T}_{{\text {OX}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and stress (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {V}_{{\text {GSTR}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /T) conditions. A detailed analysis is done to determine the projected magnitude of V<sub>T</sub> without any delay, for different <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {GSTR}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and T, and at thinner <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{{\text {OX}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> relevant for realistic end-use cases.
Endovascular treatment of perforating aortic ulcerations coexisting with thoracoabdominal aneurysm: case report and literature review

The aim of the study was to introduce endovascular repair of excessive PAUs and thoracoabdominal aneurysm by staged Zenith alpha and T-branch application in a patient with PAU, thoracoabdominal aneurysm and subclavian steal syndrome, additionally managed by carotid–subclavian bypass. We present a case of a 71-year-old woman with four excessive life-threatening thoracic penetrating aortic ulcers (PAUs, maximum diameter 57 mm), accompanied with thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) — Crawford IV (max diameter 65 mm) and severe asymptomatic left subclavian artery (LSA) stenosis due to its compression by proximal PAU. In response to this serious life-threatening condition, we performed staged endovascular repair, starting with thoracic stent-graft implantation with coverage of LSA ostium, using thoracic stent-graft (The Cook Zenith Alpha). The patient unexpectedly presented postoperative symptomatic subclavian steal syndrome and left-hand ischaemia. On the fourth postoperative day, a carotid-subclavian bypass was performed, and the patient was discharged in a good general condition. Three months later the patient underwent endovascular thoraco-abdominal aneurysm repair using a multibranched off-the-shelf stent-graft (Zenith T-branch), a week later angio-CT was performed to confirm treatment efficacy, and the patient was discharged in a good general condition. Endovascular treatment of PAUs coexisting with TAAA is possible and feasible even with total aorta exclusion.
Refinement of Austenite Grain in Carbon Steel by Addition of Titanium and Boron

The effects of the addition of titanium and boron on the austenite grain refinement in as-cast S45C carbon steel have been investigated and the results have been discussed based on an Fe–TiB2 pseudo-binary phase diagram. The molar ratio of the added titanium and boron was fixed at 1 : 2 and the estimated molar percent of the added TiB2 was varied from 0 to 0.5. The average austenite grain diameter decreased from 1900 to 250 μm as the TiB2 addition increased from 0 to 0.2 mol%, when the cooling rate was 0.02 K/s. The austenite grain diameter, however, did not exhibit further decrease when the TiB2 addition increased from 0.2 to 0.5 mol%. The lower limit grain diameter of 250 μm was very close to the secondary dendrite arm spacing, which was not affected by the addition of titanium and boron. When the cooling rate of the molten steel increased, the grain size and the dendrite arm spacing decreased. For all cooling rates, the lower limit grain size was very close to the secondary dendrite arm spacing. Metallographic observations revealed that one austenite grain included many dendrite arms when titanium and boron was not added, while with the addition of these elements one dendrite arm included several austenite grains having the dimension of the dendrite arm diameter. It was suggested that TiB2 particles and other inclusions such as TiC and Fe2B were formed in the inter-dendritic positions during and after solidification and they controlled the grain boundary migration in the inter-dendritic positions.
Distance sampling to determine kaka (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis) density within Waipapa Ecological Area, Pureora.

Reliable information about population density and trends is essential for making valid inferences regarding conservation management. The suitability of point counts using distance sampling was examined as a means of monitoring a population of kaka (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis), a large forest-dwelling parrot, inhabiting the Waipapa Ecological Area in the central North Island of New Zealand. Counts were conducted on 13 occasions between 2000 and 2007. The sampling design was tailored to maximise the detectability of kaka and to minimise violations of the four most important assumptions of distance sampling. Location errors and subsequent distance estimation errors were most likely to bias density estimates despite our attempts to minimise failures of this assumption. Densities estimated from counts conducted in October were similar between 2000 and 2007 (approximately 0.5 kaka ha -1 ) with no evidence of either a positive or negative trend. Densities derived from counts in February or March were more erratic and seemed to reflect variation in the frequency and success of the preceding breeding season. Given the frequency of kaka breeding, the pest control regime during the study period, and our attempts to minimise violations of distance sampling assumptions, we are confident that the reported trends in density are realistic. Although distance sampling was found to give reliable density estimates of kaka at Waipapa, this may not be the case at other sites, particularly where kaka density is low, location error is high, forest structure or topography are more complex, or surveys of kaka are made part of more extensive multi-species surveys.
Tongue Segmentation Using Active Contour Model

Tongue is an organ of the human body for tasting sense. Healthy conditions can be known from observation of the surface tongue by an expert. Before analyzing the tongue, feature extraction process is needed to segment the tongue from image, so it is possible to develop an application that can segment the tongue image from opened mouth image. This research uses Canny Edge Detection and Active Contour method. Canny Edge Detection is used to find the edges of tongue. This method has four steps: Smoothing Gaussian Filter, Finding Gradients, Non-maximum Suppression, and Hysteresis Thresholding. After finding the tongue edge, Active Contour Model will be generating energy that can pull into edges curve that is already defined and cropping that to produce tongue image. Testing result of this research yield an accuracy rate of 75%, by which from all 40 tongue images, 30 are successfully segmented.
CONNECTIVITY AMONG NORWAY RAT SUBPOPULATIONS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) AT POULTRY FARMS IN EXALTACIÓN DE LA CRUZ, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA

Despite of the substantial economic and human health problems produced by rodents of the genus Rattus almost nothing is known about its actual dispersal. In the present study we analyze the genetic subdivision of R. norvegicus inhabiting poultry farms of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the relation between geographic and genetic distances by means of variation in microsatellite loci. We genotyped 40 rats captured between April-06 and June-07 from nine poultry farms distributed in an area of 110 km2. No genetic subdivision was found among di erent poultry farms. This result supports the hypothesis of high connectivity between R. norvegicus inhabiting poultry farms in Buenos Aires. Because this species is a known host of diverse zoonosis as leptospirosis and trichinosis, our results point out that there is a great risk of transmission for distances lower than 12 km. Health control and preventive measures should therefore be applied simultaneously in all nearby poultry farms. RESUMEN. Conectividad entre las subpoblaciones de rata noruega (Ra us norvegicus) que habitan granjas avícolas de Exaltación de la Cruz, Buenos Aires, Argentina. A pesar de los problemas económicos y de salud producidos por roedores del género Rattus, se conoce muy poco sobre su dispersión efectiva. En el presente estudio analizamos la subdivisión genética de las subpoblaciones de R. norvegicus que habitan granjas avícolas de Buenos Aires, Argentina, y la relación entre las distancias geográ cas y genéticas por medio de la variabilidad en loci de microsatélites. Se genotiparon 40 ratas capturadas entre abril-06 y junio-07 en nueve granjas avícolas distribuidas dentro de un área de 110 km2. No se encontró subdivisión genética entre las diferentes granjas avícolas. Esto apoya la hipótesis de alta conectividad entre R. norvegicus que habitan granjas avícolas en Buenos Aires. Debido a que R. norvegicus es un conocido hospedador de diversas zoonosis como leptospirosis y triquinosis, nuestros resultados indican que existe un gran riesgo de transmisión para distancias menores a 12 km. Las medidas de control y prevención sanitarias deberían, por lo tanto, aplicarse en todas las granjas cercanas en forma simultánea.
A dynamic model for series and parallel resistance of photovoltaic cell using material properties extraction and energy tunnel

This article presents a novel model for the equivalent circuit of a photovoltaic module. This circuit consists of the following important parameters: a single diode, series resistance ( R s ) and parallel resistance ( R p ) that can be directly adjusted according to ambient temperature and the irradiance. The single diode in the circuit is directly related to the ideality factor ( m ), which represents the relationship between the materials and significant structures of PV module such as mono crystalline, multi crystalline and thin film technology. Especially, the proposed model in this article is to present the simplified model that can calculate the results of I-V curves faster and more accurate than other methods of the previous models. This can show that the proposed models are more suitable for the practical application. In addition, the results of the proposed model are validated by the datasheet, the practical data in the laboratory (indoor test) and the onsite data (outdoor test). This ensures that the less than 0.1% absolute errors of the model can be accepted.
Individual stellar haloes of massive galaxies measured to 100 kpc at 0.3 < z < 0.5 using Hyper Suprime-Cam

Massive galaxies display extended light profiles that can reach several hundreds of kilo parsecs. These stellar halos provide a fossil record of galaxy assembly histories. Using data that is both wide (~100 square degree) and deep (i>28.5 mag/arcsec^2 in i-band), we present a systematic study of the stellar halos of a sample of more than 3000 galaxies at 0.3 11.4$. Our study is based on high-quality (0.6 arcsec seeing) imaging data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program (SSP), which enables us to individually estimate surface mass density profiles to 100 kpc without stacking. As in previous work, we find that more massive galaxies exhibit more extended outer profiles. When this extended light is not properly accounted for as a result of shallow imaging or inadequate profile modeling, the derived stellar mass function can be significantly underestimated at the highest masses. Across our sample, the ellipticity of outer light profiles increases substantially as we probe larger radii. We show for the first time that these ellipticity gradients steepen dramatically as a function of galaxy mass, but we detect no mass-dependence in outer color gradients. Our results support the two-phase formation scenario for massive galaxies in which outer envelopes are built up at late times from a series of merging events. We provide surface mass surface mass density profiles in a convenient tabulated format to facilitate comparisons with predictions from numerical simulations of galaxy formation.
The social base and career development of Spanish mayors

espanolLa literatura sobre elites politicas en Espana ha tendido a centrarse en el estudio de los parlamentos y de los gobiernos nacionales y autonomicos, en lugar del nivel de gobierno municipal. Pese a ello, es precisamente en el entorno local donde los politicos adquieren sus habilidades y experiencia politica, donde desarrollan sus nociones de democracia y donde en muchas ocasiones inician sus carreras politicas. El estudio de los patrones de reclutamiento en las democracias locales espanolas nos permite comprobar si algunos de los hallazgos que ofrecen las investigaciones en la materia se confirman a nivel municipal en Espana, mejorando asi nuestro conocimiento acerca de quienes gobiernan nuestras ciudades. Este articulo analiza los perfiles sociales de los alcaldes y alcaldesas espanoles, sus patrones de profesionalizacion y sus ambiciones politicas, intentando abordar cuestiones como: ? Comparten los lideres locales antecedentes comunes? Son amateurs o politicos profesionales? Es el nivel municipal un primer paso en una carrera politica identificable de los representantes espanoles? Para responder a estas preguntas el trabajo se apoya en informacion procedente de una encuesta a una muestra representativa de 303 alcaldes de municipios de mas de 10 000 habitantes. Los resultados confirman que los alcaldes y alcaldesas espanoles comparten los patrones identificados por la literatura sobre elites politicas, particularmente la referida a gobiernos locales en otros paises europeos, si bien se identifican algunas especificidades propias. EnglishThe growing corpus of studies about political elites in Spain has tended to focus on national and regional parliaments and executives, rather than on the municipal level of government. And yet, it is in these local settings that politicians acquire skills and political experience, develop their notions of democracy, and often start their political careers. Exploring patterns of political recruitment in Spanish local democracies allows us to look at some of the literature findings on this topic and check whether they also apply at the municipal level in Spain, enhancing in this way our understanding of who governs our cities, too. This article analyzes Spanish mayors’ social profiles, their patterns of professionalization and their political ambitions, trying to address questions such as: do municipal leaders share a common background? Are they amateurs or professionals in politics? Is the municipal level the first stage of an identifiable political career of Spanish representatives? In responding to these questions, this paper draws on survey data from a representative sample of 303 mayors in municipalities with populations larger than 10 000 inhabitants. The analysis confirms that Spanish mayors follow to a great extent the patterns found in studies of political elites and particularly those of local executives in other countries in Europe, but with some distinctive singularities.
Co-occurrence and transfer of fixed nitrogen from Trichodesmium spp. to diatoms in the low-latitude Kuroshio Current in the NW Pacific

Actively growing Trichodesmium spp. are known to release their newly fixed nitrogen (N) into the surrounding N-limited water. Although newly released fixed N could potentially enhance the growth of nearby non-diazotrophic phytoplankton, the interactions of Trichodesmium spp. and other co-occurring cells, i.e. diatoms, have never been well documented. We conducted laboratory 15 N tracer experiments to investigate the trophic interactions of T. erythraeum and diatoms in culture. Field studies were carried out to examine spatial-temporal distributions of Trichodesmium spp. and diatoms in the low-latitude Kuroshio Current and the neighboring northern South China Sea (SCS). Enrichment of 15 N occurred in 3 species of cultured diatoms when they were incubated with T. ery- thraeum IMS101 in culture media enriched with gaseous 15 N2, which confirmed the transfer of newly fixed N from T. erythraeum to diatoms. Field results showed that in the Kuroshio, where Tri- chodesmium spp. flourished in the warm seasons, the abundances of Trichodesmium spp. and diatom cells with >10 µm diameter were positively correlated (p < 0.05). During the warm seasons, diatom vertical distributions showed a surface-abundance maximum that coincided with the depth of high- est cell densities of Trichodesmium spp. and a second abundance maximum near the nitracline. The diatom surface-abundance maximum disappeared in the cold seasons, when the Trichodesmium spp. population languished. The bimodal distribution of diatoms and the co-occurrence of diatom and Tri- chodesmium spp. abundance maxima recurred as Trichodesmium spp. abundance increased when the warm seasons returned. In contrast to the Kuroshio, the SCS, inhabited sparsely by Tricho- desmium spp. , showed no surface abundance maxima in the vertical distributions of Trichodesmium spp. or diatoms. Both field and laboratory data suggest that the co-occurrence of Trichodesmium spp. and diatoms might be driven by the transfer of N fixed by Trichodesmium spp. to diatoms in the N-limited oligotrophic ocean. Because diatoms are more effective than Trichodesmium spp. in exporting N and carbon to depth, the N exudation by Trichodesmium spp. that supports diatom growth could represent an important pathway of N and carbon export to depth in tropical and subtropical oceans.
TCRM_A_215857 1095..1110

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 61-848, Poland Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the most common death causes in the USA and Europe. Moreover, many patients suffer from both of these conditions – a situation which may result from cardiotoxicity of anticancer treatment. In order to reduce the severity of this adverse effect, various methods have been proposed, including the usage of new drug forms and less toxic analogs, omitting the combinations of potentially cardiotoxic drugs and introducing potential cardioprotective agents to the therapy. However, prevention of cardiotoxicity still seems to be insufficient. The article reviews the results of current studies on the use of cardiovascular drugs in the prevention of cardiotoxicity. Based on this knowledge, the most promising cardioprotective drugs seem to be carvedilol, nebivolol, enalapril, and candesartan, as they prevent heart remodeling and correct elevated resting heart rate, which directly affects mortality. Alternatively, in case of adverse reactions, statins might be considered.
Radiation effect on MHD stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid over an exponentially stretching sheet

This paper theoretically investigates the radiation effect on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid over an exponentially stretching sheet under the assumptions of a small magnetic Reynolds number. The sheet is stretched with an exponential velocity in the presence of a non-uniform magnetic field B applied in a transverse direction normal to the flow. By using the modified Bernoulli's equation, a highly nonlinear nanofluid problem is modeled for an electrically conducting nanofluid. The momentum, thermal and concentration boundary layer thicknesses are intensified for the incorporated flow parameters such as Brownian motion parameter Nb, thermophoresis parameter Nt, Prandtl number Pr, Lewis number Le, Hartmann number Mexp and velocity ratio parameter e. Also by an appropriate similarity transformation, the system of nonlinear partial differential equations is reduced to ordinary differential equations. These equations subjected to the boundary conditions are solved numerically using the Keller-box method. Numerical results are plotted and discussed for pertinent flow parameters. A comparison with existing results in the literature is also provided.
The Role of Banks as Producers of Information: Can It Survive Competition and Cross-Selling Incentives?

This paper studies the impact of competition on lending behaviour and cross-selling incentives of banks in a spatial competition model of the banking sector where positively evaluated loan applicants are more likely to buy other services from their lending bank. Overall our model suggests that the more competition increases in the loan market, the more the banking system is encouraged to move towards non-traditional activities and the less credit is information-based. This undesired effect of competition in the loan market may have contributed in the past to the excessive risk-taking behaviour of European banks and could hamper the stability of the financial system in the future.
Review on Various Types of Geopolymer Materials with the Environmental Impact Assessment

The development of green technology in the construction industry since 10 years ago is something to be proud of Malaysia. Several alternative geopolymer materials were invented in Malaysia such as fly ash, POFA, kaolin, metakaolin, and dolomite based geopolymer materials to achieve sustainable development especially in the building and construction sector. Those alternative materials are very important to replace the application of OPC, which is said to be the main cause of global warming. A review on the content of the chemical differences with the environmental impact resulting from the production of geopolymer is carried out in this study. In conclusion, fly ash based geopolymer material showed the best performance in terms of aluminosilicate content and also it is the best practice in the environmental protection applications for the moment. However, when compared with the OPC, fly ash geopolymer concrete was still able to reduce the effects of global warming potentials, but it is rather gave a negative impact on some aspects of the environment such as abiotic depletions, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity and acidification.