Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Team Qualification Document for RoboCup 2017 Nagoya, Japan - Dutch Nao Team Dutch Nao Team

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The World Distribution of Household Wealth

There has been much recent research on the world distribution of income, but also growing recognition of the importance of other contributions to well-being, including those of household wealth. Wealth is important in providing security and opportunity, particularly in poorer countries that lack full social safety nets and adequate facilities for borrowing and lending. We find, however, that it is precisely in the latter countries where household wealth is the lowest, both in absolute and relative terms. Globally, wealth is more concentrated than income both on an individual and national basis. Roughly thirty percent of world wealth is found in each of North America, Europe, and the rich Asian-Pacific countries. These areas account for virtually all of the world’s top 1 per cent of wealth holders. On an official exchange rate basis India accounts for about a quarter of the adults in the bottom three global wealth deciles while China provides about a third of those in the fourth to eighth deciles. If current growth trends continue, …/
Economic Impact of Financial Deepening in Nigeria

This research work focused on the economic impact of financial deepening in Nigeria. Obtained data spanning from 1997 to 2016 was presented and analysed in a line chart and with Two-staged Least Squares Regression method respectively. After subjecting the hypothesis under testing, result showed that financial deepening has significant impact on economic growth. Observations from data presentation also revealed that financial deepening has been increasing marginally. It was recommended that the tightened access to credit facilities in the country should be loosened up so as to ensure increased financial deepening.
Geographical regularities in the distribution of the genes of cultivated plants

Editorial Preface). Archives of Russian cytogenetics keep many-sided evidences of close interactions of chromosome studies with the fundamental genetics. Here we present one of the most exciting documents of the initial existence of such connection. It stressed, in particular, the strong practical motivation for development of wide botanical chromosomal studies under infl uence of global genetic approach built by Nikolai Vavilov. He was who brought together the famous national cyto- geneticists in his institute in Leningrad (now again St. Petersburg), and it is demon- strated already in the fi rst issue of the profi le journal he inherited from former applied plant breeders. In 1927, a special number of the new-renamed "Bulletin of Applied Botany, of Genetics and Plant-Breeding" (former "Bulletin of Applied Botany and Plant-Breeding", 1927: vol. 17, No.3) has been dedicated "to the founder of geneti- cal cytology in our country", Sergei G. Navashin. The volume included the papers under such names as G. Levitsky, I. Sveshnikova, H. Emme, M. Navashin, V. Ry- bin and G. Karpechenko and was completed by a small publication of N. Vavilov himself. This communication given as "preliminary" is important in many respects, drawing the far going idea for the genetic studies on the Linnean species (either in plants or among animals) and running right up to analyses of chromosome and genomic polymorphisms or polytypy activated far long ago after Vavilov's epoch.
Regional financialisation and financial systems convergence: Evidence from Italy

The term ‘financialisation’ has now entered the lexicon of academics and policy makers, though there is still no agreement on its meaning and significance. One of the earlier definitions was in relation to the growing weight of financial motives, financial actors and markets in the operation of modern economies, both at the national and international level, from the early 1980s until today. Building on this definition, this paper sheds further light on the implications of spatial financialisation, which has been associated with the over and under-extension of credit across and within countries and evolving financial instability. The paper’s primary contribution is to extend in a robust manner a powerful panel data convergence testing methodology to analyse the spatial scale and temporal evolution of Italian regional lending conditions. The paper concludes that financial divergence has broadly increased in Italian regions. Furthermore, we are able to link regional financialisation to the growing north–south divide in a significant and meaningful way. As a result, the ability of southern regions in Italy to absorb adverse macroeconomic and financial shocks has been weakened. Relevant regional financial policies have thereby become very important.
Correction to: Calibrating [O ii] star formation rates at z > 1 from dual Hα-[O ii] imaging from HiZELS

We investigate the relationship between Hα and [O II](λ3727) emission in faint star-forming galaxies at z = 1.47 with dust uncorrected star formation rates (SFRs) down to 1.4M⊙ yr-1, using data in two narrow bands from wide-field camera/United Kingdom Infrared Telescope and Subaru prime focus camera/Subaru. A stacking analysis allows us to investigate Hα emission flux from bright [O II] emitters as well as faint ones for which Hα is not individually detected, and to compare them with a large sample of local galaxies. We find that there is a clear, positive correlation between the average Hα and [O II] luminosities for [O II] emitters at z = 1.47, with its slope being consistent with the local relation. [O II] emitters at z = 1.47 have lower mean observed ratios of Hα/[O II] suggesting a small but systematic offset (at 2.8σ significance) towards lower values of dust attenuation, AHα ~ 0.35, than local galaxies. This confirms that [O II] selection tends to pick up galaxies which are significantly less dusty on average than Hα-selected ones, with the difference being higher at z = 1.47 than at z = 0. The discrepancy of the observed line ratios between [O II] emitters at z=1.47 and the local galaxies may in part be due to the samples having different metallicities. However, we demonstrate that metallicity is unlikely to be the main cause. Therefore, it is important to take into account that the relations for the dust correction which are derived using Hα emitter samples, and frequently used in many studies of high-z galaxies, may overestimate the intrinsic SFRs of [O II]-selected galaxies, and that surveys of [OII] emission galaxies are likely to miss dusty populations. © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus isolated from commercial poultry with respiratory disease complex in India.

Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly–243122, U.P; Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus, Namakkal– 637002; Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science, Hisar– 125004; Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Muktheswar, Uttarakhand – 263 138, India *Corresponding author: sdsingh2005@rediffmail.com
Optimisation Models for Supply Chain Coordination under Information Asymmetry

In a supply chain consisting of individualistic parties, the sharing of information is not always beneficial to each party. If a party discloses his private information it could undermine his bargaining position in the supply chain. Consequently, there is no incentive to share information, which results in information asymmetry between the involved parties. We consider a two-echelon supply chain setting viewed from the upstream party’s perspective, who faces an individualistic downstream party with private information. The upstream party uses mechanism-design techniques to maximise his own benefit by designing a menu of contracts, which is offered to the downstream party. Each contract specifies the procurement plan for the supply chain and a side payment. These side payments are the incentive mechanism to persuade the downstream party to accept a contract from the menu. We consider this principal-agent contracting problem for several utility maximisation or cost minimisation problem settings. The goal is to determine a menu of contracts that is the most beneficial to the upstream party, whilst still being acceptable for the downstream party. To achieve this goal, we analyse a variety of optimisation models, which differ in the requirements of the menu of contracts. Our analysis provides insights into modelling approaches, structural properties of optimal menus, and solution methods.
BD+48 740—Li OVERABUNDANT GIANT STAR WITH A PLANET: A CASE OF RECENT ENGULFMENT?

We report the discovery of a unique object, BD+48 740, a lithium overabundant giant with A(Li) = 2.33 ± 0.04 (where A(Li) = log nLi/nH + 12), that exhibits radial velocity (RV) variations consistent with a 1.6 MJ companion in a highly eccentric, e = 0.67 ± 0.17, and extended, a = 1.89 AU (P = 771 days), orbit. The high eccentricity of the planet is uncommon among planetary systems orbiting evolved stars and so is the high lithium abundance in a giant star. The ingestion by the star of a putative second planet in the system originally in a closer orbit could possibly allow for a single explanation to these two exceptional facts. If the planet candidate is confirmed by future RV observations, it might represent the first example of the remnant of a multiple planetary system recently affected by stellar evolution.
Effects of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery on dry eye

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) on tear film and ocular surface function. Patients with age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification (phaco) in Air Force Aviation Medicine Research Institute Affiliation Hospital from January 2016 to December 2016 were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in experimental group (n=123, 150 eyes) received FLACS, while patients in phaco group (n=110, 150 eyes) underwent conventional coaxial micro-incision phaco and were implanted with foldable intraocular lens (IOL). Our results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in general conditions between the two groups. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scores of patients in both groups after operation were significantly increased compared with those before operation, but breakup time (BUT) and Schirmer's I test scores decreased significantly at 1 week after operation compared with those before operation and basically returned to preoperative baseline levels at 3 months after operation. CFS scores and OSDI in the FLACS group at 1 day and 1 week after operation were increased more significantly than those in the phaco group, but there were no statistically significant differences at 3 months after operation. The above results showed that the effect on ocular surface function in the FLACS group after operation was greater than that in the phaco group, and the dry eye symptoms in the FLACS group were more obvious after operation. Both FLACS and conventional phaco have certain effects on the ocular surface function of patients, and there are statistically significant differences only in the early stage. FLACS has greater effects on CFS and dry eye symptoms.
The Aquilegia genome provides 1 insight into adaptive radiation and 2 reveals an extraordinarily 3 polymorphic chromosome with a 4 unique history 5

*For correspondence: scott.hodges@lifesci.ucsb. edu (SH); magnus.nordborg@gmi.oeaw. ac.at (MN) 1Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, 11 Austria; 2Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California 12 Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA; 3Central-European Institute of Technology 13 (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 4Vienna Graduate School of 14 Population Genetics, Vienna, Austria; 5Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 15 Walnut Creek, California, USA; 6HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, 16 Alabama, USA; 7Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for 17 Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic; 8Department of 18 Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 19
Concentration dependent pathways in spontaneous self-assembly of unilamellar vesicles

We report on the structural dynamics underlying the formation of unilamellar vesicles upon mixing dilute solutions of anionic and zwitterionic surfactant solutions. The spontaneous self-assembly was initiated by rapid mixing of the surfactant solutions using a stopped-flow device and the transient intermediate structures were probed by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering. The initial surfactant solutions comprised of anionic lithium perfluorooctanoate and zwitterionic tetradecyldimethylamine oxide, where the mixtures form unilamellar vesicles over a wide range of concentrations and mixing ratios. We found that disk-like transient intermediate structures are formed at higher concentrations while more elongated forms such as cylinder-like and torus-like micelles are involved at lower concentrations. These differences are attributed to monomer addition mechanism dominating the self-assembly process when the initial concentration is well below the critical micellar concentration of the anionic surfactant, while at higher concentrations the process is governed by fusion of disk-like mixed micelles. This means that the pathway of vesicle formation is determined by the proximity to the critical micellar concentration of the more soluble component.
Ad valorem versus unit taxes: monopolistic competition, heterogeneous firms, and intra-industry reallocations

Real-world industries are composed from heterogeneous firms and substantial intra-industry reallocations take place, i.e. high productivity firms squeeze out low productivity firms. Previous tax-tool comparisons have not included these central forces of industry structure. This paper examines a general equilibrium monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms and intra-industry reallocations. We show that the welfare superiority of ad valorem over unit taxes under imperfect competition is not only preserved but amplified. The additional difference between the tools arises because unit taxes distort relative prices, which in turn reduces average industry productivity through reallocations (the survival and increased market share of lower productivity firms). Importantly, numerical solutions of the model reveal that the relative welfare loss from using the unit tax increases dramatically in the degree of firm heterogeneity.
Dimensional variation and roughness of LIGA-fabricated microstructures

We have measured the dimensional variation and sidewall roughness of features on PMMA microcomponents fabricated by deep x-ray lithography in order to assess the effect of dimensional variation on subsequent assembly operations. Dimensional measurements were made using a stylus profilometer with a repeatability in step height of better than 0.01 micrometers . Roughness measurements were made with the same profilometer scanning in a direction perpendicular to the length of the parts. 22 micrometers and 54 micrometers features exhibited dimensional variations described by a Gaussian distribution with standard deviations of 0.202 micrometers and 0.381 micrometers , respectively. This corresponds to a maximum relative variation of between 0.6% and 0.9%. Sidewall roughnesses were found to be in the range of 0.02 micrometers to 0.03 micrometers , an insignificant contribution to the total variation when compared to overall dimensional variation. Several potential sources of this variation are discussed, but no single cause was identified as the source of the significant dimensional variation observed here.
Electronic structure trends in the Sr n+1 Ru n O 3n+1 family (n=1,2,3)

M. Malvestuto, E. Carleschi, R. Fittipaldi, E. Gorelov, E. Pavarini, M. Cuoco, Y. Maeno, F. Parmigiani, and A. Vecchione Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy CNR-IOM, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy CNR-SPIN, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello,” Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy Institut für Festkörperforschung and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (Received 27 January 2011; published 19 April 2011)
Link to author version on UHI Research Database

26 When making predictions about ecosystems, we often have available a number of 27 different ecosystem models that attempt to represent their dynamics in a detailed 28 mechanistic way. Each of these can be used as a simulator of large-scale experiments 29 and make projections about the fate of ecosystems under different scenarios in or30 der to support the development of appropriate management strategies. However, 31 structural differences, systematic discrepancies and uncertainties lead to different 32 models giving different predictions. This is further complicated by the fact that the 33 models may not be run with the same functional groups, spatial structure or time 34 scale. Rather than simply trying to select a ‘best’ model, or taking some weighted 35 average, it is important to exploit the strengths of each of the models, while learn36 ing from the differences between them. To achieve this, we construct a flexible 37 statistical model of the relationships between a collection of mechanistic models 38 2 and their biases, allowing for structural and parameter uncertainty and for differ39 ent ways of representing reality. Using this statistical meta-model, we can combine 40 prior beliefs, model estimates and direct observations using Bayesian methods, and 41 make coherent predictions of future outcomes under different scenarios with robust 42 measures of uncertainty. In this paper we take a diverse ensemble of existing North 43 Sea ecosystem models and demonstrate the utility of our framework by applying it 44 to answer the question what would have happened to demersal fish if fishing was 45 to stop. 46 Key-words: Bayesian statistics, Complex models, Multi-model ensemble, Multi47 species models, Simulation models, Uncertainty analysis 48 49
R versus D: Estimating the differentiated effect of research and development on innovation results

R&D is considered to be the main source of innovation. We argue that R&D is too broad a measure, including activities differing in purposes, culture, people, management and other features. However, empirical studies have not analyzed them separately, mainly due to the lack of data. Using firm-level data, the aim of this paper is to estimate the differentiated effect of research and development on different innovation outputs. Results show that both research and development activities are important. However, we find that development activities are more important for product innovation, while the effect of research activities is higher on process innovation. Moreover, we analyze differences by technological intensity of the sector. When analyzing product and process innovations, we find evidence supporting the existence of higher payoffs to development and, especially to research in low-tech sectors when compared with high-tech ones.
The quality of perception without attention

Although we experience a rich and detailed world every time we look around, we do not have the capacity to report about all that we experienced if the scene is taken away. Our limited attentional capabilities restrict us to only report about the few items that we happened to attend to. Does this imply that we are never conscious of more than a few items at once? Or should our definition of consciousness include the unattended part of our perceptual experience? The discussion about whether we consider a certain process as conscious or unconscious depends for an important part on definition. In this thesis, I provide data to inform this discussion. I first determined that we can study unattended stimuli behaviorally by examining different stages in visual short-term memory. I then examined whether certain characteristics that are associated with consciousness - such as information integration that support perceptual inference and explicit information processing - are present for these different stages of memory. Last, I looked at the neural signature of unattended stimuli to investigate whether the same type of perceptual processing occurs as for attended stimuli. In sum, I found that unattended processes display many of the characteristics that we normally associate with attended processing. Below, I will first summarize and interpret the main findings of this thesis, and then discuss what this might imply for the study of consciousness.
Proceedings of the Rank Forum on Vitamin

The Rank Forum on Vitamin D was held on 2nd and 3rd July 2009 at the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. The workshop consisted of a series of scene-setting presentations to address the current issues and challenges concerning vitamin D and health, and included an open discussion focusing on the identification of the concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (a marker of vitamin D status) that may be regarded as optimal, and the implications this process may have in the setting of future dietary reference values for vitamin D in the UK. The Forum was in agreement with the fact that it is desirable for all of the population to have a serum 25(OH)D concentration above 25 nmol/l, but it discussed some uncertainty about the strength of evidence for the need to aim for substantially higher concentrations (25(OH)D concentrations . 75 nmol/l). Any discussion of ‘optimal’ concentration of serum 25(OH)D needs to define ‘optimal’ with care since it is important to consider the normal distribution of requirements and the vitamin D needs for a wide range of outcomes. Current UK reference values concentrate on the requirements of particular subgroups of the population; this differs from the approaches used in other European countries where a wider range of age groups tend to be covered. With the re-emergence of rickets and the public health burden of low vitamin D status being already apparent, there is a need for urgent action from policy makers and risk managers. The Forum highlighted concerns regarding the failure of implementation of existing strategies in the UK for achieving current vitamin D recommendations.