Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common Envelope Light Curves. I. Grid-code Module Calibration

The common envelope (CE) binary interaction occurs when a star transfers mass onto a companion that cannot fully accrete it. The interaction can lead to a merger of the two objects or to a close binary. The CE interaction is the gateway of all evolved compact binaries, all stellar mergers, and likely many of the stellar transients witnessed to date. CE simulations are needed to understand this interaction and to interpret stars and binaries thought to be the byproduct of this stage. At this time, simulations are unable to reproduce the few observational data available and several ideas have been put forward to address their shortcomings. The need for more definitive simulation validation is pressing and is already being fulfilled by observations from time-domain surveys. In this article, we present an initial method and its implementation for post-processing grid-based CE simulations to produce the light curve so as to compare simulations with upcoming observations. Here we implemented a zeroth order method to calculate the light emitted from CE hydrodynamic simulations carried out with the 3D hydrodynamic code Enzo used in unigrid mode. The code implements an approach for the computation of luminosity in both optically thick and optically thin regimes and is tested using the first 135 days of the CE simulation of Passy et al., where a 0.8 M⊙ red giant branch star interacts with a 0.6 M⊙ companion. This code is used to highlight two large obstacles that need to be overcome before realistic light curves can be calculated. We explain the nature of these problems and the attempted solutions and approximations in full detail to enable the next step to be identified and implemented. We also discuss our simulation in relation to recent data of transients identified as CE interactions.
RICE HUSK ASH SILICA AS A SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR RUTHENIUM BASED HETEROGENOUS CATALYST

Abstract: Heterogeneous ruthenium catalysts supported on silica from rice husk ash (RHA-Ru) was prepared by precipitation using an aqueous solution of metal salt in 3.0 M HNO 3 . The effect of calcination at high temperature upon the surface and bulk structure of the catalyst precursor has been investigated. X-ray diffraction studies on RHA-Ru showed that it existed in an amorphous state. However, on calcination at 700oC, RHA-Ru700 showed some degree of crystallization. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed the formation of well-defined flat elongated nano-sized rods with a smooth outer surface among the amorphous powder. RHA-Ru had a specific surface area of –1ca. 65 m 2 g , while RHA-Ru700 had only ca. 10 m 2 g –1 , which is consistent with the formation of rod shaped crystalline phase. Both samples had pores in the mesoporous range. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed the presence of groups in RHA-Ru which was not present in RHA-Ru700. The Brunner Emmet Teller (BET) isotherm showed both samples had H3 hysteresis. Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDX) analysis showed that the distribution of Ru in the silica matrix was not homogeneous in RHA-Ru, however, it was found to be more homogeneous in RHA-Ru700.
Effect of different concentrations of kisspeptin on in vitro maturation rate of buffalo oocytes

Culture grade oocytes collected from slaughtered healthy buffaloes were randomly allotted to 4 treatment (T) groups containing oocyte maturation media and were allowed to mature at 38.5 C and 5% CO2 in humidified atmosphere for 22 hours. Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM 199B), supplemented with Gentamicin was used as control (T1), while for groups T2, T3 and T4 kisspepetin (Kp) was supplemented to control media at 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 15 μg/ml respectively. The oocytes were evaluated based on the percentages of Cumulus Cell Expansion (CCE) and 1 Polar Body extrusion (PB). Addition of Kp to the maturation media observed that the proportion of oocytes showing CCE and PB was significantly (P≤0.5) higher when compared to the control. Among all the three concentrations of Kp, the proportion of oocytes showing the percentage of CCE and PB was highest in T3 (73.21% and 22.11%, respectively) compared to the T2 and T4. Inferring that 10 μg/ml concentration of Kp would yield optimum in vitro maturation of buffalo oocytes.
Sleep Problems and Aggressive Behavior in Children with ADHD

Objective: Aggression is a disruptive behavior that limits children’s ability for a better adjustment. As commonly reported, sleep problems is associated with the presentation of aggression in ADHD children. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between sleep problems and aggressive behavior in children with ADHD. Methods: The study method is correlational and cross-sectional. The study population consists of children that were diagnosed with ADHD for the first time in Shiraz (south of Iran). Fifty eight children (41 boys, 17 girls) clinically diagnosed with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, by a child and adolescence psychiatrist, participated in this study. They were enrolled by accessible sampling. Their ages ranged from 6 to 13 years (mean age=8.06 years, SD= 1.59). None of The children were Medicaid recipients and participated in our study before beginning their medical treatment. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) were used for data collection. For data analysis descriptive statistics, significance tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent samples t-test and regression analyses, were used. Results: Children with ADHD showed a high prevalence of sleep problems, a significantly higher rate that reported before. Needing parent in room to sleep’ (56.9%) was the most prevalent problem. With regard to Sleep habits, sleep duration was age-related (F=17.58, P<0.001). Correlations between sleep problems and aggression were significant. Parasomnias wake-up time, daytime sleepiness and sleep duration were main predictors of aggressive behavior in children with ADHD and accounted for 56% of variance of aggression. No significant gender differences in sleep habits were observed. Conclusions: As aggressive behavior is a frequently reported problem in patients with ADHD, the results of the study may present a basis for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. A B S T R A C T Article info:
Morphometric Analysis of some Species in the Genus Vigna (L.) Walp: Implication for Utilization for Genetic Improvement

The genus Vigna (L.) Walp is a large cosmopolitan leguminous genus comprising both cultivated and wild species. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Cowpea) is an important food legume that is widely cultivated in the tropics, but its production and storage are hampered by insect pests. The present study evaluated the intra-and inter-specific morphological variabilities among 20 accessions of six Vigna species, comprising wild and cultivated species. The species are Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, V. vexillata (A. Richard), V. oblongifolia (A. Richard), V. ambacensis (Baker), V. luteola (Jacq.) (Bentham) and V. racemosa (G. Don) (Hutch and Dalziel). Thirty-one morphological characters involving qualitative and quantitative vegetative and reproductive traits were used for the evaluation. Multivariate analysis such as Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were employed to evaluate the intra and inter specific variabilities. The paired-sample T test indicated significant differences among the 20 accessions (p#0.000, df = 19) in their morphometric traits. The relative significant correlation observed among some traits such as pod length, number of locules per pod and number of seeds per pod indicated their closeness and potential for genetic improvement of cowpea. The PCA showed that reproductive traits such as days to 50% flowering (0.984), days to 50% ripe pod (0.993), number of pods per peduncle (0.340) and 100-seed weight (0.132) are the major traits that accounted for the variations among the species. The UPGMA using the average (between groups) segregated the 20 accessions into two main clusters, cluster I (comprising mainly wild Vigna species) and cluster II (comprising both wild and cultivated species). The taxonomic affinities and genetic diversity among the species are of great importance in the utilization of the species for food and nutrition, fodder for ruminant animals, cover crop for rotational farming and more importantly genetic improvement of cowpea.
A simple method to construct energetically and thermodynamically consistent Boussinesq approximations with arbitrary nonlinear equations of state

A simple method to endow the classical Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation with fully consistent energetics and thermodynamics for arbitrary nonlinear equations of state is presented. The method is based on recognizing that the thermodynamic work of expansion/contraction in compressible fluids is transformed into changes in gravitational potential energy due to mass changes in Boussinesq fluids. This formal identification is used to construct the heat transfer by integration of the so-called Maxwell relationships, in order to ensure that the Boussinesq approximation to the specific internal energy is a function of state independent of the thermodynamic path followed. As a result, the class of Boussinesq models thus constructed has well defined thermodynamic potentials such as entropy, enthalpy, internal energy and Gibbs free energy, among others, which are explicitly constructed for the first time. Such Boussinesq models also support nonconstant heat capacities, as well as nonconstant molecular viscosity and diffusivities. The nature of conversions with internal energy in the Boussinesq model are made explicit and clarified. The Boussinesq models thus constructed are able to mimic the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in many respects, save for acoustic waves and advection by the nondivergent component of the velocity, and thus able to simulate many effects that have been so far regarded as “non-Boussinesq”. The method is of general applicability, and can be used in principle to make any kind of approximations to the equations of motion fully consistent both energetically and thermodynamically.
Courtship, mating, and cocoon maintenance of Tricca lutetiana (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Abstract Tricca lutetiana (Simon 1876) (Lycosidae) lives hidden underground and, thus, is not well known. Our objective was to document more fully basic information on reproduction, particularly copulation, in this species. We obtained and observed in the laboratory 86 individuals from the wild between 2006 and 2008. Vibratory and tactile communication is an important medium during sexual communication. We described unique movements of the mating male's legs during copulation, for the first time in the family Lycosidae. Adult females live for two years and, in their underground burrows, they produce one cocoon per season. They carry the cocoon, mostly using legs IV, and look after it for one month until the offspring leave. Maternal care for spiderlings lasts one week following the spiderlings' emergence.
Modeling Self-Assembly of the Surfactants into Biological Bilayer Membranes with Special Chemical Structure Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics Method

The aim of this study is to simulate the self-assembly of the surfactant molecules with special chemical structure and bending stiffness into bilayer membranes using a mesoscopic Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) method. Thesurfactants are modeled with special chemical structure and bending stiffness. To confirm that the novel model is physical, we determine the interaction parameters based on matching the compressibility and solubility of the DPD system with real physics of the fluid. To match the mutual solubility for binary fluids, we use the relation between DPD parameters and -parameters in Flory-Huggins-type models. Unsaturated bonds can change the stiffness of a lipid membrane which is modeled by introducing a bond bending potential. To verify our model we investigate the effect of surfactant structure like chain length and stiffness of those molecules on the properties of the modeled membrane as area per surfactant. To validate our results, we also compare them with the theoretical calculations as well as with the experimental and other existing simulations results. We show that there is a good coincidence between all of the results.
Review of high-power microwave source research

This article reviews the state-of-the-art in high-power microwave source research. It begins with a discussion of the concepts involved in coherent microwave generation. The main varieties of microwave tubes are classified into three groups, according to the fundamental radiation mechanism involved: Cherenkov, transition, or bremsstrahlung radiation. This is followed by a brief discussion of some of the technical fundamentals of high-power microwave sources, including power supplies and electron guns. Finally, the history and recent developments of both high-peak power and high-average power sources are reviewed in the context of four main areas of application: (1) plasma resonance heating and current drive; (2) rf acceleration of charged particles; (3) radar and communications systems; and (4) high-peak power sources for weapons-effect simulation and exploratory development.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Variation of the Stellar Initial Mass Function in Spiral and Early-type Galaxies

We perform Jeans anisotropic modeling (JAM) on elliptical and spiral galaxies from the MaNGA DR13 sample. By comparing the stellar mass-to-light ratios estimated from stellar population synthesis and from JAM, we find a systematic variation of the initial mass function (IMF) similar to that in the earlier results. Early-type galaxies (elliptical and lenticular) with lower velocity dispersions within one effective radius are consistent with a Chabrier-like IMF, while galaxies with higher velocity dispersions are consistent with a more bottom-heavy IMF such as the Salpeter IMF. Spiral galaxies have similar systematic IMF variations, but with slightly different slopes and larger scatters, due to the uncertainties caused by the higher gas fractions and extinctions for these galaxies. Furthermore, we examine the effects of stellar mass-to-light ratio gradients on our JAM modeling, and we find that the trends become stronger after considering the gradients.
The Volatility Trap: Precautionary Saving, Investment, and Aggregate Risk

We study the effects of permanent and temporary income shocks on precautionary saving and investment in a "store-or-sow" model of growth. High volatility of permanent shocks results in high precautionary saving in the safe asset and low investment, or a "volatility trap. " Namely, big savers invest relatively little. In contrast, low volatility of permanent shocks leads to low precautionary saving and high or low investment, depending on the volatility of temporary shocks. Empirical evidence shows a nonlinear relationship between investment and saving and that investment is a hump-shaped function of the volatility of permanent shocks, as predicted by the model.
Water abundance in four of the brightest water sources in the southern sky

We estimated the ortho-H2O abundances of G267.9–1.1, G268.4–0.9, G333.1–0.4 and G336.5–1.5, four of the brightest ortho-H2O sources in the southern sky observed by the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (ortho-H2O 110 − 101 line, 556.936 GHz). The typical molecular clumps in our sample have H2 column densities of 1022 to 1023 cm−2 and ortho-H2O abundances of 10−10. Compared with previous studies, the ortho-H2O abundances are at a low level, which can be caused by the low temperatures of these clumps. To estimate the ortho-H2O abundances, we used the CS J = 2 → 1 line (97.98095 GHz) and CS J = 5 → 4 (244.93556 GHz) line observed by the Swedish-ESO 15m Submillimeter Telescope (SEST) to calculate the temperatures of the clumps and the 350 μm dust continuum observed by the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) telescope to estimate the H2 column densities. The observations of N2H+ (J = 1 → 0) for these clumps were also acquired by SEST and the corresponding abundances were estimated. The N2H+ abundance in each clump shows a common decreasing trend toward the center and a typical abundance range from 10−11 to 10−9.
The Geographic Distance of Relocation Search: An Extended Resource-Based Perspective

Abstract On the basis of the extended resource-based view of firms, access to external resources can be argued to depend on a firm’s location. In this article, I test the notion that firms take the availability of these external resources at a given location into account in the distance of their relocation search. The results show that firms take the strength of, and distance to their interorganizational relationships, as well as regional characteristics, into account when determining the distance of their relocation search. They provide empirical validation of the importance of external resources in the resource-based view of firms. Moreover, they show how a particular type of dynamics, namely, location dynamics, can be used by firms to gain access to resources that can subsequently lead to competitive advantage.
Use of snares to live-capture beavers

Wildlife managers, researchers, and nuisance-control operators often require a nonlethal means of capturing beavers (Castor canadensis). Historically, live-capture has relied on enclosure-type traps such as Bailey or Hancock traps. We describe the live-capture of 231 beavers using snares in southern Illinois from 2002 to 2005. Capture success averaged 5.4 beavers/100 trap-nights. Capture success did not differ between sexes (P = 0.57) or age-classes (P = 0.68). We captured most beavers in haul-out slide sets, surface run sets, or channel sets. Recaptures accounted for 28% (n = 65) of all captures. Mortality rate using snares was 10% and decreased annually during the study period. Snares are advantageous over enclosure-type traps because they have a high capture:cost ratio and are less heavy and cumbersome than traps. However, mortality rates are relatively high, limiting the utility of this technique for some research.
ScienceDirect International Conference on Current Trends in ELT Investigating the Levels , Types , and Causes of Writing Anxiety among Iranian EFL Students : A Mixed Method Design

This study examined the levels, types and causes of writing anxiety among Iranian EFL students. The participants were 120 EFL students in two institutes of higher education in Shiraz, Iran. Using the Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) (Cheng, 2004), and Causes of Writing Anxiety Inventory (CWAI), developed by the authors based on clasroom observations and the previous research available on this issue. the level, types and causes of writing anxiety were obtained and triangulated by a semi-structured interview. The findings of this mixed method design study indicated a high level of writing anxiety, with cognitive anxiety as its main type, as reflected in preoccupation with performance and high expectations, and fear of teacher’s negative feedback, low self-confidence and poor linguistic knowledge as its main sources. It was concluded that educational system in Iran and classroom practices, in particular, are chiefly responsible for this deficit and it was suggested that they should move toward a more non-judgemental and less-threatening approach, focusing on EFL students’ writing needs and expectations than setting far-achieved goals and putting pressure for perfect work. This study offers some implications for practitioners in this field which contribute to the betterment of writing skill among Iranian EFL students. © 2014 Rezaei and Jafari. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Urmia University, Iran.
Life cycle and growth pattern of the endangered myrmecophilous Microdon myrmicae (Diptera: Syrphidae)

In Europe there are only a few species of the syrphid fly Microdon, which live in the nests of various genera of ants. For most of these rare flies, details of their biology, larval behaviour and relationships with their hosts are still not yet well known. In this paper we present data on the life cycle, feeding behaviour and growth pattern of Microdon myrmicae, a social parasite of Myr- mica ants and compare it with two species of Maculinea butterflies similarly parasitizing Myrmica ant colonies. M. myrmicae has three larval instars and overwinters as a third instar. Eggs and 1 st instar larvae are ignored by ants, which indicate that they are "chemically insignificant". 2 nd and 3 rd instar larvae feed on small ant brood. M. myrmicae larvae grow rapidly from May to July and later in the year the host colony only serves as shelter for overwintering. Like Maculinea alcon, larvae of M. myrmicae are numerous in Myrmica nests and more numerous than those of Maculinea teleius. Since the larvae of Microdon feed on an abundance of young ant brood, they experience low level of scramble competition and although many may develop in an ant's nest they have probably little effect on host colony fitness.
MORE INVESTIGATIONS IN POTENT ACTIVITY AND RELATIONSHIP STRUCTURE OF THE LICHEN ANTIBIOTIC (+)-USNIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATE DIBENZOYLUSNIC ACID

By reacting R-(+)-usnic acid (1) with benzoyl chloride in presence of pyridine gave the dibenzoylusnic acid (2). The antibacterial activity and relationship structure of acid usnic an old lichen drug and its derivate dibenzoylusnic acid was studied against nine ATCC bacteria and one bacterium clinical isolate. / Mediante la reaccion del R-(+)-acido usnico con cloruro de benzoilo en presencia de piridina se obtuvo el acido dibenzoilusnico. Se estudio la relacion de actividad antibacteriana y estructura del R-(+)-acido usnico y su derivado el acido dibenzoilusnico contra nueve bacterias ATCC y una bacteria clinicamente aislada.
Inflation And Relative Price Dispersion: Evidence For Iran

The recent literature on the welfare cost of inflation emphasizes inflation's effects on the dispersion of relative prices. This paper tests three models that predict a relationship between the Relative Price Dispersion (RPD) and facets of inflation such as expected inflation, unexpected inflation, and inflation uncertainty. These are, correspondingly, the Sheshinski- Weiss menu cost model, the Lucas-Barro signal-extraction model, and the Hercowitz-Cukierman extension of the signal extraction model. The results verify the signal extraction model and its extension in Iran. However, there is no evidence of menu cost model.