Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Vacuole Import and Degradation Pathway Converges with the Endocytic Pathway to Transport Cargo to the Vacuole for Degradation

© 2012 Alibhoy and Chiang, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Vacuole Import and Degradation Pathway Converges with the Endocytic Pathway to Transport Cargo to the Vacuole for Degradation
Grazing on intertidal microphytobenthos by macrofauna: is pheophorbide a a useful marker?

This study critically evaluates the use of pheophorbide a as a marker pigment for macro- faunal grazing intensity in intertidal sediments. Based upon evidence from planktonic studies pheophorbide a has recently been used to quantify grazing in the sediments; however, no accurate tests have been made of the application of these planktonic concepts to the benthos. Laboratory and field examinations used the cosmopolitan species Arenicola marina, Corophium volutator and Hydro- bia ulvae, as well as natural field assemblages from the Eden estuary, Scotland, to examine the rela- tionship between grazing and pigment composition. Faeces from the 3 species were examined using high performance liquid chromatography and showed no sign of pheophorbide a, but all species showed concentrations of 'chlorophyll a-like' (chl a) grazing products. In laboratory manipulations, a negative relationship was apparent between grazer numbers and the concentrations of pheophor- bide a and grazing products. In the field, pheophorbide a was rarely found but grazing products were present in consistently measurable amounts. When relevant physical and biological factors were regressed against grazing product concentration, a significant relationship was found with an ad- justed R 2 of 0.76. This multiple regression used 4 factors to predict chl a degradation concentration; however, the relationship was dominated by a positive relationship with chl a concentration and only 1 of the other 3 factors was directly related to grazing intensity. Neither pheophorbide a nor 'chl a- like' grazing products were found to be useful as marker pigments of macrofaunal grazing intensity in the intertidal system studied. This places doubt upon the use of pheophorbide a as a marker of macrofaunal grazing intensity in intertidal sediments in past papers, and discourages the use of any marker pigment in estuarine sediments without prior testing.
Genetic Patterns of Differentiation Among Five Landbird Species from the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia

Abstract The Queen Charlotte Islands (QCI), British Columbia, have many putative endemic avian subspecies. We evaluated four species—Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus), Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus), Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri), and Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), each with a phenotypically described endemic subspecies from QCI—for uniqueness, conservation concern, and management. The Chestnut-backed Chickadee (Poecile rufescens), with no endemic subspecies from QCI, was included for comparison. We hypothesized that the four endemics would have similar phylogeographic patterns of genetic divergence and coalescence between QCI and possible source populations, because they may share a glacial-refugium history. Cytochrome b was sequenced for all species from Alaska, Washington, and QCI. The four species with endemic phenotypes from QCI had significant genetic divergence from nearby conspecific populations, though variation in divergence times indicated varying colonization histories. Given the corroboration between morphological and genetic evidence for derived populations from QCI, the four endemic subspecies exhibit hallmarks of being evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) and, at the least, should be considered separate management units (MUs), distinct population segments (DPSs), or designatable units (DUs). This is reflected in existing subspecific nomenclature, which our genetic results support. Chestnut-backed Chickadees had genetic differentiation in southeast Alaska as a separate MU but no significant differentiation in QCI. Our results indicate that QCI has been an important area for the generation of avian diversity below the species level and that it is an important area for the conservation and management of birds in northwestern North America.
Particle-in-Cell Simulation of a 5 kW Hall Thruster

This paper aims to study the plasma discharge process of a 5 kW hall thruster developed by Lanzhou Institute of Physics and to provide the knowledge for implementing an improved thruster design. A 2D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) model is built, in which the electron-electron and electron-ion Coulomb collisions are included, in addition to the elastic, excitation, and ionization collisions between electrons and neutral atoms, and the elastic and charge-exchange collisions between ions and neutral atoms. Different Bohm diffusion coefficients are applied in different regions to simulate the Bohm diffusion. The deviation between the simulated and experimental results of the thruster performance is within 15%, validating the accuracy of the model indirectly. The discharge process including the transient and steady-state oscillations is well reproduced. The character of the plasma during different phase of the discharge process including the ion density and ionization rate is simulated and analyzed. Finally, the probable factor causing the anode erosion is determined.
LEARNING ABOUT CRITICAL PHENOMENA FROM SCRIBBLES AND SANDPILES

This text grew out of the notes for a talk given at the Journees MAS 2014. We give a concise report on our recent work on loop-erased random walk and related processes (spanning trees, cycle-rooted spanning forests, and sandpiles) on planar lattices and on graphs embedded in Riemannian surfaces in the limit of small meshsize. Resume. Ce texte est issu des notes d'un expose donne aux Journees MAS 2014. Nous presentons une synthese de nos travaux recents sur la marche aleatoire a boucles eacees et certains processus relies (tels les arbres couvrants, les forets couvrantes d'unicycles, le tas de sable abelien) sur les reseaux planaires et sur les graphes plonges dans les surfaces riemanniennes dans la limite ou la maille tend vers zero.
Effectiveness of the Entomopathogenic Nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae against Tenebrio molitor (Yellow Mealworm) Larvae in Different Soil Types at Different Temperatures

The efficiency of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae Tur-S3 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Tur- H2, isolated in Turkey, against larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. was investigated in different soil type and temperature conditions. Sterilized and non-sterilized silver sand, clay-loam soil, and compost soil were tested, each at 12, 18, and 24 …C. Temperature had the greatest effect on the mortality of T. molitor larvae caused by both nematode species. The efficiency of the 2 nematodes was greater in sterile than in nonsterile conditions, and was greater in sandy soils than in clay soils. The results showed that Steinernema feltiae was more efficient than H. bacteriophora at all temperatures tested, especially at 12 …C. Ozet: Turkiye'de izole edilen Steinernema feltiae Tur-S3 ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Tur-H2 ›rklar›n›n etkinlii, Tenebrio molitor L. larvalar› uzerinde, farkl› s›cakl›klarda ve farkl› toprak tiplerinde belirlenmifltir. Etkinlik; steril ve steril olmayan kum, kumlu-killi ve kompost toprak tiplerinde 12, 18 and 24 …C'lerde test edilmifltir. S›cakl›k, her iki nematod turunde de T. molitor larvalar›nda olum oran›n› onemli olcude etkilemifltir. Nematodlar›n etkinlii steril kumlu ve kumlu-killi topraklarda, steril olmayan koflullara gore daha fazla bulunmufltur. Elde edilen sonuclar, Steinernema feltiae'n›n H. bacteriophora'ya gore tum s›cakl›k derecelerinde ozellikle de 12 …C'de test bocei olarak kullan›lan T. molitor uzerinde daha etkili olduunu gostermektedir.
Processes of Theoretical Orientation Development in CBT Trainees: What Internal Processes Do Psychotherapists in Training Undergo as They "Integrate"?

The present study investigated the psychological mechanisms and processes of theoretical orientation development in psychotherapists during their training. Problemcentered interviews were conducted with 20 German psychotherapists in the last phase of their professional cognitive– behavioral therapy (CBT) training, and the data was analyzed using grounded theory. Results indicated that trainees could best be characterized by the core category “constructing jugglers”: To develop a coherent theoretical orientation, psychotherapists in training constantly defined and redefined CBT and other approaches. They alternated between assimilation (adapting new experiences to existing definitions of CBT and other approaches) and accommodation (reorganization of existing definitions). Their theoretical orientation development was influenced not only by therapeutic and scientific aspects, but also by strategic choices and territorial claims.
Local Convertibility and the Quantum Simulation of Edge States in Many-Body Systems

In some many-body systems, certain ground-state entanglement (Renyi) entropies increase even as the correlation length decreases. This entanglement nonmonotonicity is a potential indicator of nonclassicality. In this work, we demonstrate that such a phenomenon, known as lack of local convertibility, is due to the edge-state (de) construction occurring in the system. To this end, we employ the example of the Ising chain, displaying an order-disorder quantum phase transition. Employing both analytical and numerical methods, we compute entanglement entropies for various system bipartitions (A\B) and consider ground states with and without Majorana edge states. We find that the thermal ground states, enjoying the Hamiltonian symmetries, show lack of local convertibility if either A or B is smaller than, or of the order of, the correlation length. In contrast, the ordered (symmetry-breaking) ground state is always locally convertible. The edge-state behavior explains all these results and could disclose a paradigm to understand local convertibility in other quantum phases of matter. The connection we establish between convertibility and nonlocal, quantum correlations provides a clear criterion of which features a universal quantum simulator should possess to outperform a classical machine.
Adaptation of the rotor time constant for variations in the rotor resistance of an induction motor

An induction motor with indirect field oriented control has a very good dynamic behaviour and as a consequence is well suited for high performance applications. But, the indirect field oriented controller is very sensitive to variations in the rotor time constant. Therefore, an adaptation algorithm has to be used to track the variations of the rotor time constant on-line. In this paper, the authors present a scheme for estimating the rotor time constant from the motor terminal measurements alone. The technique is based on estimation of the magnitude of the actual rotor flux space phasor when the motor drive torque is constant. This in turn is used for rotor time constant adaptation. A novel point in this approach is that the rotor time constant adaptation can be performed even at zero rotor speed and also at low loads. Further, the adaptation algorithm involves no derivative terms. The entire system has been simulated and the results presented validate the concept. <<ETX>>
Victims’ Dehumanization and the Alteration of Other-Oriented Empathy within the Immersive Video Milgram Obedience Experiment

Using the Immersive Video Milgram Obedience Experiment (IVMOE; Dambrun & Vatine, 2010), we studied victims’ dehumanization and its underlying processes. Under the supervision of the national service of security, participants were ordered to psychologically weaken a person suspected of preparing an attack. We manipulated the ethnicity of the victim and his terrorist membership. The doubly stigmatized victim (i.e. a North African victim member of al Qaeda) was tortured more severely than the other victims. We found some evidence that this effect was mediated by a decrease in term of other-oriented empathy, but not by personal distress. These results suggest that an empathy alteration process underlies dehumanization in crimes of obedience perpetrated against members of extreme out-groups.
The Effect of the Translator's Gender Ideology on Translating Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights

The present study examines the effect of gender ideology of the translators on two Persian translations of Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. The findings reveal that although both translations have many similar features in respect to some maxims of translation, in both of them gender ideology of the translator is a key figure in translating the gender related items/parts of the source text, as each translator uses his/her own gender ideology in the interpretation and transformation of the SL text into TL.
Simulation-based constructivist approach for education leaders

The purpose of this study was to reflect the leadership strategies that may arise using a constructivist approach based on organizational learning. This approach involved the use of simulations that focused on ethical tensions in school principals’ daily experiences, and the development of codes of ethical conduct to reduce these tensions. The study included 50 teachers who served in school leadership roles in addition to their regular teaching jobs. The teachers participated in 50 simulation sessions. The data were analyzed with ATLAS.ti 5.0. Five dimensions of tensions between leadership strategies were found to be related to the central concept of “Leadership strategies derived from simulations:” Engaging versus Monitoring; Envisioning versus Implementing; Implementing versus Engaging; Monitoring versus Envisioning, and Articulating versus Envisioning—demonstrating the complexity of dialogue during the simulations, which include a multifaceted model of tension between values, and codes of ethical conduct. The study findings may encourage school principals and education leaders to use simulations to help unravel ongoing ethical dilemmas in school for the development of leadership strategies based on organizational and constructivist learning theories. These learning conditions may provide fertile ground for practicing difficult ethical decision-making and thus enhance the professional development of education leaders.
Floristic, life form and chorological studies of the Abshar protected area, Shirgah, Mazandaran Province, north of Iran

The Abshar protected area with 3639 ha and an altitude ranging from 400-855 m a.s. l. is one of the forest areas that due to its topography is covered by Carpinus betulus, Parrotia persica and Diospyros lotus speices. The floristic study of this area is long with sampling plots. The floristic-physiognomic investigation showed that flora of this region included 99 plant species which belonged to 81 genera and 49 families. The largest family was Rosaceae with 10 species. Classification based on life form spectrum indicated that geophytes (31.31%), phanerophytes (29.29%), hemicryptophytes (25.25%) and therophytes (14.14%) comprise the plants in the studied area. The results of chorological studies showed that the chorotype form Euro-Siberian elements (32 taxa, 32.32%) were the most important phytochorion in this area. Long period of wetness during the growing season and relatively high annual precipitation are the reasons of the high proportion of geophytes existence in the studied area. Phytogeographical comparison of the Abshar protected forest and the other forests in north of Iran identified two peaks in phytochoria curves, one in Euro-Siberian and the other one is in the Pluriregional elements.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Initial Mixing of Thermal Discharges at Real-Life Configurations

A three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed for simulating initial mixing in the near field of thermal discharges at real-life geometrical configurations. The domain decomposition method with multilevel embedded overset grids is employed to handle the complexity of real-life diffusers as well as to efficiently account for the large disparity in length scales arising from the relative size of the ambient river reach and the typical diffuser diameter. An algebraic mixing length model with a Richardson-number correction for buoyancy effects is used for the turbulence closure. The governing equations are solved with a second-order-accurate, finite-volume, artificial compressibility method. The model is validated by applying it to simulate thermally stratified shear flows and negatively buoyant wall jet flows and the computed results are shown to be in good overall agreement with the experimental measurements. To demonstrate the potential of the num.
Nitrogen deposition enhances Bromus tectorum invasion: biogeographic differences in growth and competitive ability between China and North America

Increased resource supply commonly facilitates invasion by exotic plants, raising concerns over atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition; fast-growing annual invaders may have exceptional abilities to outperform native perennials in response to N pulses. However, it remains unclear whether this advantage is due to growth differences or to shifts in competitive outcomes, and whether annual invaders are favored by N deposition in their introduced range over native range. We conducted an experiment to compare the growth and competitive ability of Bromus tectorum and its native perennial grasses either at three different N regimes or between China and North America. The soil used in this experiment was from mountain grasslands as a neutral growth medium. The total biomass of three natives from China and North America did not increase along the N deposition gradient. Nitrogen addition enhanced the growth of North American B. tectorum instead of Chinese B. tectorum. Nitrogen addition increased the competitive ability of B. tectorum, but had no effect on that of natives. North American B. tectorum was bigger and had greater competitive ability and root weight ratio than Chinese B. tectorum. In contrast, North American natives were less competitive than Chinese natives. There was a significantly positive correlation between the growth of B. tectorum grown alone and its competitive ability. These findings suggest that N deposition may enhance the B. tectorum invasion through disproportionally increasing the growth and maintaining inherent competitive advantages of North American B. tectorum, further increasing threats to introduced ranges. There were differences in the growth and competitive ability of B. tectorum and natives between China and North America, which explains why B. tectorum is a minor component at home and becomes a successful invader abroad.
The Brother-Sister Syndrome in Arab Family Life Socio-cultural Factors in Arab Psychiatry: a Critical Review

psychiatric works. The impact of the brother-sister relationship on Arab culture and its inexplicable absence in psychiatric studies are presented and contrasted to the impact and conspicuous presence of the Western mother-son model. The following statement addresses two interdependent aspects of psychi atric and psychological studies and practices in a number of Arab countries. These are: (a) the role played by Western theory, as conceptualiz ed and applied by native Arab scholars, and (b) the extent to which these academic perceptions have influenced the diagnosis of some key psycho logical phenomena in Arab communities. That mental health and emotional disorder among members of a given community are strongly influenced by the dominant social and cultural conditions is a generally accepted thesis. Like many other modern "sciences" psychiatry and its allied fields and practices were introduced in their original Western contexts to Arab academic scenes. Western termi nology, concepts, and diagnostic guidelines dominate Arab psychiatric and psychological theories and practices. It was not until recently that attempts were made to provide Arabic translations for key psychological terms. A number of published psychiatric reports, especially during the 1950s and 1960s, stressed the sameness of the Arab patterns of emotional morbi dity and those of European countries. Bazzoui and Al-Issa (1966:826)
Work-Family Enrichment as Predictors of Work Outcomes among Teachers

The present study aimed at finding out work-family enrichment as predictors of work outcomes (job satisfaction, affective commitment and turnover intentions). The sample comprised of 225 individuals involved in teaching profession was selected from the public and private colleges of Sargodha. Work-Family Enrichment Scale (Carlson, Kacmar, Wayne, & Grzywacz, 2006), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (Johnson & Weiss, 1971), Affective Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Allen & Mayer, 1990) and Turnover Intentions Scale (Vigoda-Gadot & Kapun, 2005) were used for data collection. Work-family enrichment was found as positive predictor of affective commitment and job satisfaction but negative predictor of turnover intentions. Results also showed significant differences in affective commitment and turnover intentions among employees of private and public sectors.
Renormalization of correlations in a quasiperiodically forced two-level system: quadratic irrationals

Generalizing from the case of golden mean frequency to a wider class of quadratic irrationals, we extend our renormalization analysis of the self-similarity of correlation functions in a quasiperiodically forced two-level system. We give a description of all piecewise-constant periodic orbits of an additive functional recurrence generalizing that present in the golden mean case. We establish a criterion for periodic orbits to be globally bounded, and also calculate the asymptotic height of the main peaks in the correlation function.
Understanding the Cross-country Productivity Gap of Exporters

This paper develops a framework that decomposes the international productivity gap of exporters into a selection effect and a competitiveness effect. This framework implies that the international productivity gap of exporters between two countries can be explained by three variables: the average productivity gap, the export participation rates, and the export premia within each country. The empirical analysis reveals that the exporters' productivity gap does not exclusively reflect the competitiveness of the industry, mainly because of the selection effect. These results imply that both the competitiveness and selection effects matter for explaining the cross-country productivity gap of exporters.
Human Values and Trust in Institutions across Countries: A Multilevel Test of Schwartz's Hypothesis of Structural Equivalence

The goal of this article was to show how structural equation modelling associated to multilevel regressions represents a powerful tool to examine innovative cross-cultural research questions. The relationship between values and trust in institutions was investigated in four cross-cultural datasets: three were students and teacher samples; the last was a general sample from the 2005 World Values Survey (WVS). The hypothesis of equivalence of the structure of relations between values and trust in institutions (sinusoid curve hypothesis) was tested with a series of multilevel multiple indicators and multiple causes models with random slopes. Structural equivalence was confirmed for student samples, but not for the general sample. The between-country variance of the relationship between values and trust in the general sample was partially explained by country level differences in socio-economic wealth and quality of governance.