Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Control of Phase-Detection Mode Atomic Force Microscopy for Reconstruction of Cell Contours in Three Dimensions

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is capable of producing accurate 3-D images at nanometer resolution. As a result, AFM is widely used in applications related to cell biology, such as the diagnosis and observation of tumor cells. This paper proposes phase-detection mode atomic force microscopy (PM-AFM) for the 3-D reconstruction of cell contours. The proposed three-axis scanning system employs two piezoelectric stages with one and two degrees of freedom, respectively. Accurately rendering the contours of delicate cells required a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) adaptive double integral sliding mode controller (ADISMC) in the xy-plane to overcome uncertainties within the system as well as cross-coupling, hysteresis effect, and external disturbance. An adaptive complementary sliding-mode controller (ACSMC) was installed along the z axis to improve scanning accuracy and overcome the inconvenience of conventional controllers. Phase feedback signals were also used to increase the sensitivity of scanning, while providing faster response times and superior image quality. A comprehensive series of experiments was performed to validate the performance of the proposed system.
Database of Bird Flight Initiation Distances to Assist in Estimating Effects from Human Disturbance and Delineating Buffer Areas

Abstract U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists determine effects from disturbance to threatened and endangered bird species, and staffs of federal and state agencies estimate these effects when delineating protective buffers around habitat of bird species of concern on land management areas. These efforts can be informed by the distances at which human activities cause birds to react or move away. To that end, here we present a database of published alert distances (distances at which birds exposed to an approaching human activity exhibit alert behavior), flight initiation distances (distances at which birds exposed to an approaching human activity initiate escape behavior), and minimum approach distances (distances at which humans should be separated from wildlife). The database distinguishes between nesting and nonnesting situations. The nesting database includes 578 alert distances and 2,177 flight initiation distances from 45 studies representing 11 orders, 27 families, and 49 species of birds. Th.
A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE REGENERATIVE METHODS

In contrast with early affected furcations (grade I), superior grade furcations (grade II-IV) benefit of a large variety of surgical treatments, however, the success rates of these procedures remains low. Grade II furcations can be solved by mucogingival techniques (coronally positioned flap) or by regenerative techniques (bone grafts, membranes in conjunction with bone grafts, biologic factors and combinations etc.), with various results in terms of pocket depth reduction, attachment level gain and defect fill. Grade III and grade IV furcations do not benefit of regenerative therapy, and maintaining of the molar requires often severe alterations of the interradicular bone (in the tunneling technique) or even of the crown (like hemisection and amputation). Although well known since long time ago, most of these techniques have not been systematically evaluated in long-term controlled trials. The present article tries to provide an overview of the currently used regenerative methods in the treatment of grade I and II furcation defects.
Nature, Socioeconomics and Adaptation to Natural Disasters: New Evidence from Floods

The authors analyze the determinants of fatalities in 2,194 large flood events in 108 countries between 1985 and 2008. Given that socioeconomic factors can affect mortality right in the aftermath of a flood, but also indirectly by influencing flood frequency and magnitude, they distinguish between direct and indirect effects of development on flood mortality. The authors find that income is negatively associated with the frequency of floods and, conditional on their magnitude, the fatalities they cause in developing countries. However, for developed countries they find that increased income is associated with more fatalities, both directly (conditional on flood occurrence and magnitude) and indirectly through an increase in the frequency and magnitude of flood events. Also in contrast to the literature, they find that the effect of governance on flood frequency and fatalities in developing countries is U-shaped, with improvements in governance reducing the numbers of floods and deaths when governance is weaker but raising them when governance is stronger.
The Role of the Vagal Response in Outcomes after Ablation for AtrialFibrillation

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the incremental benefit of denervation of vagal responses for the prevention of recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing a mini-maze procedure. Patients and methods: Between September 2007 and May 2009, 209 patients (aged 53 ± 10 years, 63 male) undergoing cardiac surgery underwent concomitant radiofrequency ablation for persistent AF. Intraoperative highfrequency stimulation showed a positive vagal response in 103 patients and a negative vagal response in 106 patients. The average history of AF was 36 ± 43 months. Preoperatively, 144 patients (68.9%) were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. Results: There were no in-hospital deaths, and no significant differences in mortality or complications between the two groups during the postoperative or follow-up periods. Immediately after surgery, 132 patients (63.2%) were in sinus rhythm, with a similar proportion of sinus rhythm in the groups with positive and negative vagal responses (56.3% vs. 62.3%, p=0.38). At the latest follow-up (mean 18.9 ± 9 months), 60.8% of patients had freedom from AF, with a higher proportion of freedom from AF in patients with positive vagal responses than those with negative vagal responses (68.2% vs. 53.3%, p=0.0004). Cox univariate and multivariate analyses identified positive vagal response as a predictor of late recurrence of AF (Wald=9.71; 95% CI, 0.081–0.563; p=0.002). Logistic regression analysis showed that positive vagal response was inversely related to left atrial dimension (Wald=4.45; 95% CI, 0.965–0.999; p=0.035). The proportion of patients with left atrial dimension >70 mm was larger in the group with negative vagal responses than the group with positive vagal responses (48.1% vs. 30.1%, p=0.008). Active ganglionated plexi were found in 49.2% of patients (102/209) with a mean number of 3.6 ± 2.2 sites (range 1–11) per patient. The majority of active sites (78.6%) were located at the pulmonary vein (PV) antrum rather than the PV ostia, including 81.9% of right-sided sites and 70.5% of left-sided sites. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that parasympathetic attenuation by PV denervation achieved an incremental benefit in patients undergoing PV isolation for AF. In patients with persistent AF, positive vagal response was related to small left atrial diameter, and predicted outcome after ablation.
MENTAL HEALTH AND RELATED FACTOR IN STUDENTS OF NORTH KHORASAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

زمینه و هدف: توجه به نیازهای روحی – روانی و سلامت دانشجویان که درصد قابل توجهی از جمعیت جوان کشور را تشکیل می‌دهند و عهده دار سلامت جامعه در آینده می‌باشند، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین وضعیت سلامت روان دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی انجام شد. مواد و روش کار: مطالعه حاضر از نوع توصیفی – تحلیلی بود که در نیمسال دوم سال تحصیلی 90- 89 انجام شد. 212 نفر از دانشجویان ساکن خوابگاه‌های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی به روش سرشماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات توسط پرسشنامه حاوی مشخصات فردی وآزمون سلامت روان 28 سوالی GHQ از دانشجویان جمع آوری گردید و در نهایت داده‌ها در نرم افزار آماری SPSS16 و توسط آزمون‌های آماری کروسکال والیس وکای دو تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج این بررسی نشان داد 1/43 % از دانشجویان مشکوک به اختلال در سلامت روان بودند. میانگین سلامت روان دانشجویان 58/1 ± 21/24 بود. 6/6 % از دانشجویان دارای اختلال در سلامت جسمانی، 1/7 % دارای اختلال در وضعیت اضطراب ، 8/10 % دارای اختلال در عملکرد اجتماعی و 0/9 % دارای اختلال در افسردگی بوده اند. در مطالعه حاضر ارتباط معنی‌داری بین اختلالات روانی با مقطع تحصیلی، رشته تحصیلی، درآمد خانواده، سال ورود به دانشگاه مشاهده نشد ولی بین وضعیت سلامت روانی و جنس رابطه آماری معنی‌داری مشاهده شد (01/0 =P). نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش، شیوع بالای اختلال در سلامت روان (1/43%) نیازمند ارزیابی‌های دقیق روان شناختی دانشجویان و ارائه خدمات مشاوره در زمینه‌های مختلف جهت بهبود وضعیت سلامت روان دانشجویان است. واژه‌های کلیدی: پرسشنامه GHQ28 ، سلامت روانی دانشجویان
Wider-community Segregation and the Effect of Neighbourhood Ethnic Diversity on Social Capital: An Investigation into Intra-Neighbourhood Trust in Great Britain and London

Extensive research has demonstrated that neighbourhood ethnic diversity is negatively associated with intra-neighbourhood social capital. This study explores the role of segregation and integration in this relationship. To do so it applies three-level hierarchical linear models to two sets of data from across Great Britain and within London, and examines how segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested impacts trust amongst neighbours. This study replicates the increasingly ubiquitous finding that neighbourhood diversity is negatively associated with neighbour-trust. However, we demonstrate that this relationship is highly dependent on the level of segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested. Increasing neighbourhood diversity only negatively impacts neighbour-trust when nested in more segregated wider-communities. Individuals living in diverse neighbourhoods nested within integrated wider-communities experience no trust-penalty. These findings show that segregation plays a critical role in the neighbourhood diversity/trust relationship, and that its absence from the literature biases our understanding of how ethnic diversity affects social cohesion.
Job experience correlates of job performance.

Although measures of job experience are frequently-used screening devices in the selection of employees, personnel psychologists have devoted little attention to their usefulness. This article quantitatively summarizes data on the relation between job experience and job performance from a total sample of 16,058. The correlation between job experience and job performance was found to be moderated by two variables: length of experience and job complexity. The highest correlations were obtained in populations with low mean levels of job experience and for jobs that place low levels of cognitive demands on employees. Results appear to be consistent with the causal model of job performance proposed by Schmidt, Hunter, and Outerbridge (1986).
Tuning of photonic crystal cavities by controlled removal of locally infiltrated water

We present a spectral tuning mechanism of photonic crystal microcavities based on microfluidics. The microinfiltration with water of one or few cavity holes and its subsequent controlled evaporation allow us to tune the cavity resonances in a spectral range larger than 20 nm, with subnanometer accuracy, and we also observe that the addition of water in the microcavity region improves its quality factor Q. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.
A method for ontology-based semantic relatedness measurement

There are many methods having different approaches for assessing similarity and relatedness and they are used in many application areas, including web service discovery, invocation and composition, word sense disambiguation, information retrieval, ontology alignment and merging, document clustering, and short answer grading. These methods can be categorized as path-based, information content-based, feature-based, geometric model-based, and hybrid approaches. These approaches use resources such as concept hierarchy, conceptual graph, and corpus for computing similarity and relatedness. With the rise of the semantic web, ontologies have attracted the attention of several researchers. Ontologies represented in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) are also valuable resources for similarity and relatedness measurement. The method proposed in this paper interprets some OWL constructs to assess semantic relatedness. The motivation behind this is to benefit from the rich expressive power of OWL to obtain better semantic relatedness measurement results. The success of the method has been validated against human judgments. The correlation between human judgments and automatically computed semantic relatedness values was calculated as 0.685 and was significant at the 0.01 level.
Effect of Plant Biostimulants on Growth, Chlorophyll Content, Flower Drop and Fruit Set of Pomegranate Cv. Kandhari Kabuli

The experiment was laid out in the pomegranate experimental block of the Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The experiment consisted of 19 treatments with three replications. The pomegranate trees under investigation were subjected to different concentrations of biostimulants viz. Vipul (TRIA) (5 ml/l, 10 ml/l, 15 ml/l), Spic cytozyme (1 ml/l, 2 ml/l, 4 ml/l), Homobrassinolides (Godrej Double) (0.5 ml/l, 1 ml/l, 1.5 ml/l), Biozyme Crop Plus (1 ml/l, 2 ml/l, 3 ml/l) and Vipul + Homobrassinolides (0.5 + 5 ml/l, 1 + 5 ml/l, 1.5 + 5 ml/l, 5 + 0.5 ml/l, 5 + 1 ml/l, 5 + 1.5 ml/l). The results revealed that the highest tree growth was recorded in trees treated with Spic cytozyme at 4 ml/l. The highest total chlorophyll content was observed with the application of Vipul 15ml/l, whereas the highest fruit set and minimum flower drop was recorded with the application of Vipul + Homobrassinolides (1.5 + 5 ml/l).
FOFE-based Deep Neural Networks for Entity Discovery and Linking

In this paper, we have studied a novel deep learning method for both mention detection and Entity Linking. Our methods rely on the recent fixed-size ordinally forgetting encoding (FOFE) method to fully encode each sentence fragment and its left/right contexts into a fixed-size representation. Afterwards, a simple feedforward neural network is used to reject or predict entity label for each individual fragment for mention detection and to compute similarity scores with Freebase nodes in the candidate list for entity linking. Experimental results in the 2017 KBP trilingual EDL track have shown that these methods have achieved strong results in both mention detection and entity linking.
Economy of residential photovoltaic generation and battery energy storage in Alberta, Canada

Economic analysis of installing photovoltaic generation systems combined with battery energy storage in residential homes in Alberta was performed by comparing the net present values over the lifetime of systems with three different configurations: no photovoltaic generation and no battery energy storage, photovoltaic generation alone, and both photovoltaic generation and battery energy storage. The study was performed using real generation and load data from a photovoltaics-equipped home in Edmonton, Alberta. The addition of a battery energy storage system to the system was simulated using an optimized energy management controller. Parameter explorations were performed for combinations of equipment cost, energy prices, and energy purchase/export schemes. The results show that with the equipment and energy prices in 2017, a system with both photovoltaic generation and battery energy storage is the configuration with the highest net present value. It is closely followed by a photovoltaic only system. These systems will become even more favorable in the future, as energy prices increase and system costs decrease.
THE HYPOTHALAMIC–PITUITARY–ADRENOCORTICAL SYSTEM AND EMOTION: CURRENT WISDOM AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Measures of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis can help us understand emotional development. However, to use these measures effectively, we must remember that the HPA system evolved to serve multiple essential functions, including regulation of glucose and carbohydrate metabolism and modulation of the immune and cardiovascular systems (Sapolsky, Romero, & Munck, 2000; Schulkin, 1999). While emotions do influence the HPA axis, this system is also capable of responding when the individual is comatose. Emotions are, thus, neither necessary nor often sufficient to account for increases and decreases in HPA activity. Nonetheless, when approached with an understanding of the complexity of its regulation, HPA activity can provide insights into emotions and their role in neurobehavioral development. This chapter provides an overview of some of the critical issues and current advances in using measures of HPA activity, particularly cortisol, in developmental studies of emotion. Because the HPA axis forms one arm of the mammalian stress system, this chapter should be read in conjunction with the chapter by Obradović and Boyce in this volume, which includes discussion of the other major arm, the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system. The basic anatomy and physiology of the HPA axis and of the extrahypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) system are covered in detail in other reviews (Gunnar & Quevedo, 2007; Joëls & Baram, 2009; Korosi & Baram, 2008; Papadimitriou & Priftis, 2009; Ulrich-Lai & Herman, 2009) and will not be covered here. The remainder of the chapter is written as if the reader has a full grasp of this information. Indeed, we argue that without grounding in the biology of these systems, researchers will be unable to make much headway in using activity of the HPA axis to illuminate understanding of emotional development.
Second harmonic generation with plasmonic metasurfaces: direct comparison of electric and magnetic resonances

Plasmonic resonances in metallic nanostructures have been shown to drastically enhance local electromagnetic fields, and thereby increase the efficiency of nonlinear optical phenomena, such as second harmonic generation (SHG). While it has been experimentally observed that enhanced fields can significantly boost SHG, to date it proved difficult to probe electrical and magnetic resonances in one and the same nanostructure. This however is necessary to directly compare relative contributions of electrical and magnetic components of SHG enhancement. In this paper we report an experimental study of a metasurface capable of providing electrical and magnetic resonant SHG enhancement for TM polarization. Our metasurface could be engineered such that the peak frequencies of electrical and magnetic resonances could be adjusted independently. We used this feature to distinguish their relative contributions. Experimentally it was observed that the magnetic resonance provides only 50% as much enhancement to SHG as compared to the electric resonance. In addition aligning both resonances in frequency results in conversion efficiency of 1.32 x 10^(-10).
Listeria Monocytogenes Attachment and Biofilm Formation on Aluminum Packaging Surfaces

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Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Commitment Among Pakistani University Teachers

The purpose of this study was to determine if selected personal characteristics, facets of job satisfaction, and the two dimensions of organizational justice (distributive justice & procedural justice) significantly explained variance in the organizational commitment of Pakistani university teachers. In addition, the present study examined the influence of organizational commitment on two organizational outcomes—job performance and turnover intentions. Data were gathered from 125 full-time teachers from 33 universities in the three major cities of Pakistan: Lahore, Islamabad/Rawalpindi, and Peshawar. The results of the study indicate that the personal characteristics, facets of job satisfaction and two dimensions of organizational justice as a group were significantly related to organizational commitment of teachers. Individually, distributive justice and trust in management were found to be the strongest correlates of commitment. Moreover, commitment was found to be negatively related to turnover intentions (- .40) and positively related to a self-report measure of job performance (.32).
United atom force field for phospholipid membranes: Constant pressure molecular dynamics simulation of dipalmitoylphosphatidicholine/water system

We refined the united atom field for the simulations of phospholipid membranes. To validate this potential we performed 1000‐ps constant pressure simulation of a dipalmitoylphosphatidicholine (DPPC) bilayer at T=50° C. The average area per head group (61.6±0.6) Å2 obtained in our simulation agrees well with the measured one of (62.9±1.3) Å2. The calculated SCD order parameters for the Sn‐2 hydrocarbon tail also display a good agreement with the experiment. The conformations of head groups in our simulations of the liquid crystal phase are different than the ones observed in the crystal structure. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20, 531–545, 1999
Exploring the Utility of the Simple View of Reading in Irish Children Attending Schools in Areas Designated as Socially Disadvantaged

Evidence suggests that children living in areas designated as socially disadvantaged may be at risk for literacy difficulties. The Simple View of Reading (Gough & Tunmer, 1986; Hoover G a sample of children within three ranges of reading abilities as rated by their teachers (teachers were asked to rate the children’s reading ability as above average, average or below average); and a minimum score of 80 on the British Picture Vocabulary Scales (BPVS) (Dunn et al., 1997) to be included. Reading accuracy (single word reading and passage reading), reading comprehension, and spelling were measured using three standardised tests i.e., Weschler Individual Attainment Test 11 UK , Teachers Version (WIAT, 11 UK -T) (Weschler, 2006), the York Assessment of Reading for Comprehension (YARC) (Snowling et al., 2009), and the Single Word Spelling Test (SWST), (Sacre & Masterson, 2000). Potential predictors of literacy skills, such as phonemic awareness and phonic knowledge skills, were measured using criterion-referenced tests. Vocabulary was also a potential predictor and was measured using the BPVS. There was mixed evidence for the Simple View of Reading. While phonic knowledge, phonemic knowledge and non-word reading were predictors of reading, other factors such as vocabulary were also predictors. Although vocabulary was a predictor of reading comprehension for the total sample, the picture was less clear when the effect of age was explored. To conclude, there was mixed evidence to support the Simple View of Reading. Nonetheless, the findings were encouraging in that children were acquiring literacy skills.