Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Warm Compress Bistage Intervention on the Rate of Episiotomy, Perineal Trauma, and Postpartum Pain Intensity in Primiparous Women with Delayed Valsalva Maneuver Referring to the Selected Hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2012-2013

BACKGROUND: Genital trauma during vaginal delivery may result from episiotomy, spontaneous perineal tears (perineum, vagina), or both. In 2012, this study aimed to investigate the effect of warm compress bistage intervention on the rate of episiotomy, perineal trauma, and postpartum pain intensity in the primiparous woman with delayed Valsalva maneuver. METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial, which was performed in hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, in 2012-2013, 150 women were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1 intervention and 1 control. The intervention group received warm compress bistage intervention at 7-cm and 10-cm dilatation and zero position during the first and second stages of labor for 15 to 20 minutes, whereas the control group received the hospitals’ routine care. After delivery, the prevalence of episiotomy; intact perineum; location, degree, and length of rupture; and postpartum pain intensity were assessed in the 2 groups. Following that, the data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software (version 16) using &khgr; 2 test, t test, and odds ratio. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the frequency of intact perinea (27% vs 6.7%) and the frequency of episiotomy (45% vs 90.70%). In addition, the frequency of the location of rupture (P = .019), mean length of episiotomy incision (P = .02), and mean intensity of pain the day after delivery (P < .001) were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group. However, the rate of ruptures was higher in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Warm compress bistage intervention was effective in reducing episiotomies and the mean length of episiotomy incision, reducing pain after delivery, and increasing the rate of intact perinea. However, the rate of ruptures slightly increased in the intervention group compared with the control group.
RESPONSE TO SUGIYAMA, SUGIYAMA, AND SARABIA G.

Contrary to Sugiyama et al., radiocarbon dates from the Sun Pyramid do not mean that the Pyramid was constructed later than current estimates, nor that the Teotihuacan ceramic chronology should be changed. Contrariamente a Sugiyama et al., las fechas de radiocarbono de la Pirámide del Sol no significan que la Pirámide fue construida más tarde que las estimaciones actuales indican, ni que la cronología cerámica de Teotihuacan debería ser cambiada.
Representing protein native states using weighted conformation ensembles

The important structural and functional roles played by proteins in the proper functioning of cellular processes cannot be overstated. To comprehensively understand their functional behaviors, structural models derived from experimental data have been developed and these models have played a significant role in explaining the functional mechanisms of proteins. The paradigm “structure drives function” had been active for many years until recent evidence suggested that the complex functions of proteins could not be fully explained by a single structure and dynamics played a very important role in deciphering their functions. To incorporate dynamics into structural representations, ensembles of conformations, instead of a single structure, are used frequently in recent literature and are found to be successful in explaining the functions of many proteins. The work described in this thesis focuses on methods used to construct such ensemble representations of proteins. A careful investigation of the issues and challenges in obtaining such ensembles is undertaken. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on representing the native state of a given protein using a weighted ensemble representation, where relative populations (or Boltzmann weights) are assigned for individual members of the ensemble. This representation has the advantage of representing the dynamics using only a few conformational states, thereby minimizing the potential of over-fitting, while capturing the dynamics of the protein that a single average structure misses. Using Ubiquitin as an example, we show that determination of such a weighted ensemble representation is feasible when using RDCs as constraints. Moreover, the conformational states of the weighted ensemble are biologically relevant to the functional behaviors of the protein.
A Functional Interaction between the Neuronal Adhesion Molecules TAG-1 and F3 Modulates Neurite Outgrowth and Fasciculation of Cerebellar Granule Cells

F3 and TAG-1 are two closely related adhesion glycoproteins of the Ig superfamily that are both expressed by the axons of cerebellar granule cells. In an in vitro system in which cerebellar granule cells were cultured on monolayers of transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, we show that F3 and TAG-1 interact functionally. F3 transfectants have been shown to inhibit outgrowth and induce fasciculation of granule cell neurites. By contrast TAG-1 transfectants have no effect on these events. However, when TAG-1 is coexpressed with F3, the inhibitory effect of F3 is blocked. Two possible mechanisms may account for this functional interaction: (1) either TAG-1 and F3 compete for the same neuronal receptor, and in favor of this we observed that binding sites for microspheres conjugated with F3 and TAG-1 are colocalized on the granule cell growth cones, (2) or alternatively, F3 and TAG-1 associate in a multimolecular complex after their binding to independent receptors. Extensive co-clustering of F3 with TAG-1 can in fact be achieved by anti-TAG-1 antibody-mediated cross-linking in double-transfected CHO cells. Moreover, F3 coimmunoprecipitates with TAG-1 in Triton X-100-insoluble microdomains purified from newborn brain. These data strongly suggest that F3 and TAG-1 may associate under physiological conditions to modulate neurite outgrowth and fasciculation of the cerebellar granule cells.
Changes in Several Disease Parameters Including Abzymes and Hematopoietic Progenitor Colony Formation in Brain Inflammation and Demyelination

Demyelination induced by cuprizone-is a widely used experimental model to analyze processes of reand demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we used C57BL/6 mice; a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mimicking important aspects of human multiple sclerosis, to evaluate effects of cuprizone-dependent demyelination on different parameters associated with autoimmune inflammation. The treatment of mice with cuprizone leads to a significant decrease of several indexes characterizing spontaneous and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) induced EAE: increased levels of titers of antiDNA and anti-MOG antibodies, proteinuria, the generation of abzymes hydrolyzing MOG, myelin basic protein (MBP), and DNA. In addition, spontaneous and MOG-induced EAE was associated with a specific reorganization of mice immune systems leading to significant changes in the level of proliferation and profile of differentiation of mice bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The immunization of mice with cuprizone (0-40 days) results in a significant decrease in the size of the brain corpus callosum comparing with untreated mice, but only slightly changed level of proliferation and profile of differentiation of mice HSCs. Our data indicate that treatment with cuprizone is associated with demyelination, which is not associated with autoimmune processes. Citation: Doronin VB, Korablev A, Toporkova LB, Aulova KS, Buneva VN, et al. (2017) Changes in Several Disease Parameters Including Abzymes and Hematopoietic Progenitor Colony Formation in Brain Inflammation and Demyelination. J Neurol Neurol Disord 3(3): 302
Student nurses perceptions on caring for people with hiv

Background: AIDS is a disease with specific characteristics and caring for people with HIV requires clinical expertise as well as high-quality skills for health care providers. Although there is research evidence regarding the value of education in improving care within HIV context, nurse students’ perceptions about caring for HIV people in Greece remain mostly unexplored. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore nurse students’ perceptions about caring and communicating with HIV people in Greece. Method and material: Senior nurse students were consisted the study population. A questionnaire of 21 open-ended and close-ended questions was used. Areas of investigation included: a) Attitudes towards HIV care, b) Communication with people with HIV and their relatives, c) Education and communication with people with HIV. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for the interpretation of the data. Results: A sample of 100 senior nurse students of the Technological Educational Institution of Crete participated in the study. The majority of the participants (60%) seemed confident of caring for people with HIV. However, a number of them (40%) stated that were very afraid of providing care to people with HIV. Participants suggested that education is an important factor for improving communication between health professionals and patients (65%). The situations that are considered to be the most stressful for nurse students when caring for people with HIV are the nursing workload (86%), and the contact with the patients (79%). Conclusion: The participants expressed an interest in gaining additional training related to HIV context. Systematic education, information giving, administrative, technical and psychological support are the most important needs for the nurse students who care for people with HIV.
Candidate adenoviruses 40 and 41: Fastidious adenoviruses from human infant stool

About 200 antigenically related adenovimses were isolated from cases of infantile diarrhoea in the Netherlands and North‐West Germany. The viruses were fastidious and failed to replicate serially in human diploid fibroblasts and in primary human embryonic kidney cells. A number of strains were established in HeLa, HEp‐2, Graham (293), cynomolgus monkey kidney, and Chang conjunctival cells. The viruses were mammalian adenoviruses by the usual criteria. No relationship to the 39 known human adenovirus species was found, either by neutralization tests or by haemagglutination inhibition tests. Neutralization tests showed two distinct variants, represented by strains Tak and Dugan. The variants were identical in haemagglutination inhibition tests. DNA restriction enzyme analysis showed Tak and Dugan to have considerably different genomcs, indicating that these variants should be classified as different species (Wadell et al, 1983). It is proposed that the variants should be called Mastadenovirus h 40 (with reference strains Dugan and Hovi X) and Mastadenovirus h 41 (with reference strain Tak). Neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition tests demonstrated that the viruses from Glasgow and Helsinki (Hovi X) described by Johansson ct al [1980] and by Kidd and Madeley [1981] belong to these two adenovirus species.
Proteomic Signatures of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo: Sensitivity and Specificity in Toxicity Assessment of Chemicals

Studies using embryos of the zebrafish Danio rerio (DarT) instead of adult fish for characterising the (eco-) toxic potential of chemicals have been proposed as animal replacing methods. Effect analysis at the molecular level might enhance sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the embryonal studies. The present paper aimed to test the potential of toxicoproteomics with zebrafish eleutheroembryos for sensitive and specific toxicity assessment. 2-DE-based toxicoproteomics was performed applying low-dose (EC10) exposure for 48 h with three-model substances Rotenone, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) and Diclofenac. By multivariate “pattern-only” PCA and univariate statistical analyses, alterations in the embryonal proteome were detectable in nonetheless visibly intact organisms and treatment with the three substances was distinguishable at the molecular level. Toxicoproteomics enabled the enhancement of sensitivity and specificity of the embryonal toxicity assay and bear the potency to identify protein markers serving as general stress markers and early diagnosis of toxic stress.
New Evidence of the Earliest Domestic Dogs in the Americas

The domestication of dogs probably occurred in Eurasia by 16,000 years ago, with the initial peopling of the Americas potentially happening around the same time. Dogs were long thought to have accompanied the first migrations into the Americas, but conclusive evidence for Paleoindian dogs is lacking. The direct dating of two dogs from the Koster site (Greene Co., Illinois) and a newly-described dog from the Stilwell II site (Pike Co., Illinois) to between 10,190-9,630 cal BP represents the earliest evidence of domestic dogs in the Americas and individual dog burials in worldwide archaeological record. The over 4,500 year discrepancy between the timing of initial human migration into the Americas and the earliest evidence for domesticated dogs suggests either earlier dogs are going unseen or unidentified or dogs arrived later with a subsequent human migration.
Treatment II : Current Therapeutic Concepts and Future Options

Background/Aims: Whereas most children and adults respond to traditional eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) treatments, such as exclusion of dietary allergens or the use of topical steroids, a small fraction may not. Methods: Based on clinical experience and a review of the literature, the aim of this work is to provide practical advice for caring for ‘refractory’ patients with EoE. Results: The approach to this type of patient continues to evolve and decision-making should consider a number of issues including the patient’s age, lack of a complete understanding of the natural history of this disease, risks of monitoring, and side effects of treatments. Next, one needs to define the term ‘refractory’ in that this can refer either to persistent symptoms or to continued inflammation in the face of presumably effective drug or diet therapy. Before considering alternative treatments, it is important to rule out any other cause of persistent symptoms. For instance, could they be related to an occult esophageal narrowing not identified at the time of endoscopy? Esophagrams may be necessary to identify localized or longitudinal narrowing that could be amenable to dilation. If symptoms and inflammation persist and no narrowing is appreciated, an elemental diet can Glenn T. Furuta Children’s Hospital Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine 13123 East 16th Avenue B290, Aurora, CO 80045 (USA) E-Mail glenn.furuta @ childrenscolorado.org © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel 0257–2753/14/0322–0134$39.50/0
Phylogeny of bird‐grasshopper subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and the evolution of locust phase polyphenism

Locust phase polyphenism is an extreme form of density‐dependent phenotypic plasticity in which solitary and cryptic grasshoppers can transform into gregarious and conspicuous locusts in response to an increase in local population density. We investigated the evolution of this complex phenotypic plasticity in a phylogenetic framework using a morphological phylogeny of Cyrtacanthacridinae, which contains some of the most important locust species, and a comprehensive literature review on the biology and ecology of all known members of the subfamily. A phylogenetic analysis based on 71 morphological characters yielded a well‐resolved tree and found that locust phase polyphenism evolved multiple times within the subfamily. The literature review demonstrated that many cyrtacanthacridine species, both locust and sedentary, are capable of expressing density‐dependent color plasticity. When this color plasticity was divided into two smaller components, background coloration and development of black pigmentation, and when these plastic traits were optimized on to the phylogeny, we found that the physiological mechanisms underlying this plasticity were plesiomorphic for the subfamily. We also found that different locust species in Cyrtacanthacridinae express both similarities and differences in their locust phase polyphenism. Because locust phase polyphenism is a complex syndrome consisting of numerous plastic traits, we treat it as a composite character and dissected it into smaller components. The similarities among locust species could be attributed to shared ancestry and the differences could be attributed to the certain components of locust phase polyphenism evolving at different rates.
The changing shape characteristics associated with success in world-class sprinters

Abstract The aims of this study were to identify whether relative shape and size characteristics of world-class sprinters have changed over time, and whether any anthropometric parameters characterize the most successful world-class sprinters. The results suggest that body mass index, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, is an important factor associated with success in both male and female world-class sprinters over time. However, in female athletes the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) has emerged as a more important indicator of success over several decades, with taller, more linear sprinters achieving greater success, as measured by sprint speed. In male sprinters it is only in the most recent decade that RPI has emerged as an important predictor of success. We speculate that the prominence of the RPI and an ectomophic somatotype being typical of the most successful world-class sprinters might be explained, in part, by the influence of stride length on sprint speed. In conclusion, these results suggest that coaches, selectors, and sports scientists should consider body shape when selecting potential athletes for sprint events, encouraging more linear athletes with a high RPI.
Differential effects of pertussis toxin on muscarinic responses in isolated atria and smooth muscle.

1. The effect of pretreatment with pertussis toxin has been studied on responses to muscarinic agonists in guinea-pig atria and smooth muscle in vitro. 2. 48 h after a single intravenous injection of pertussis toxin (3.2-100 micrograms.kg-1), muscarinic receptor-mediated negative inotropic responses in the atria were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with complete abolition of responses occurring after administration of 100 micrograms.kg-1. 3. In contrast, there was no effect on atrial positive inotropic responses to isoprenaline. In addition, no effect was observed on contractile responses to carbachol and pilocarpine in the ileum, trachea, oesophageal muscularis mucosae and urinary bladder, either in terms of potency or maximal response, at all dose levels of pertussis toxin studied. 4. It is concluded that muscarinic receptors in the atria, but not smooth muscle, are probably coupled to the inhibitory regulatory protein Ni, which is functionally inactivated by pertussis toxin. The differences in coupling between atrial and smooth muscle muscarinic receptors provide further evidence for muscarinic receptor heterogeneity in these two tissues.
Coronary CT angiography with 64-MDCT: assessment of vessel visibility.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to evaluate the image quality of 64-MDCT for coronary angiography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifty consecutive CT coronary angiograms obtained on a 64-MDCT scanner were independently reviewed by two reviewers. Segments were scored as showing no motion (score of 1), minimal motion (2), moderate motion (3), respiratory motion (4), or vessel blurring (5). Opacification was graded as good (score of 1) or limited (2). Segments < 2 mm were graded as well seen; or as poorly seen or not seen. The scores for motion artifact, opacification, and visibility were combined for overall vessel assessment. Segments with a motion score of 1 or 2 that had good opacification and were well seen were judged to be assessable. RESULTS A total of 714 segments were analyzed in 50 patients. Seven hundred segments were assessed in all patients (segments 1-3, 11-20, 4, or 27), and a ramus intermedius segment was evaluated in 14 patients. Combining the scores for both reviewers, the average motion score was 1 for 619 segments (86.7%), the average motion score for all segments in an individual patient was 1.14 (range, 1-3.35), and the average opacification score for all segments in a patient was 1.02 (range, 1-1.38). A total of 374 segments were less than 2 mm in diameter. Combining the scores for both reviewers, an average of 36 segments (5.0% of 714) could not be identified by the reviewers, 319.5 segments (85.4%) were well seen, and 18.5 segments (4.9%) were poorly seen. Overall, an average of 637 segments (89.2%) were judged assessable by the reviewers. On a per-patient basis, 10 or more vessel segments were judged assessable in 47 patients (94%). CONCLUSION On 64-MDCT, 89% of coronary artery segments are assessable. Ten or more vessel segments are assessable in 94% of patients.
Measuring systemic lupus erythematosus activity during pregnancy: validation of the lupus activity index in pregnancy scale.

OBJECTIVE To validate the Lupus Activity Index in Pregnancy (LAI-P) scale as a diagnostic tool for lupus flares during pregnancy and the puerperium. METHODS The LAI-P is a modified activity scale specific for pregnancy. Thirty-eight pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were prospectively followed in 3 clinics specific for lupus in pregnancy. On each visit, LAI-P was calculated. A modified physician global assessment (m-PGA) scale was used as gold standard (0 = no activity, 1 = mild-moderate activity, 2 = severe activity). A change > or = 0.25 in LAI-P was predefined as a flare according to previous studies in nonpregnant patients. For the purposes of the study, each visit was considered as an independent case. RESULTS During the study period, 158 visits took place for a total 621 patient-weeks. Sensitivity to change was high (standardized response mean for LAI-P = 1.6). We found a significant association between LAI-P and m-PGA (P < 0.002 in all regression models performed). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 0.93, 0.98, 0.88, and 0.99. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 49 and 0.07, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LAI-P has a high sensitivity to changes in lupus activity, a significant correlation with m-PGA, and high sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios for diagnosing SLE flares during pregnancy and the puerperium.