Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical-Layer Security in TDD Massive MIMO

We consider a single-cell downlink time-division duplex-based massive MIMO communication in the presence of an adversary capable of jamming and eavesdropping simultaneously. We show that the massive MIMO communication is naturally resilient to no training-phase jamming attack in which the adversary jams only the data communication and eavesdrops both the data communication and the training. Specifically, we show that the secure degrees of freedom (SDoF) attained in the presence of such an attack are identical to the maximum DoF attainable under no attack. Furthermore, we evaluate the number of base station (BS) antennas necessary in order to establish information theoretic security without even a need for Wyner encoding for a given rate of information leakage to the attacker. Next, we show that things are completely different once the adversary starts jamming the training phase. Specifically, we consider the pilot contamination attack, called training-phase jamming in which the adversary jams and eavesdrops both the training and the data communication. We show that under such an attack, the maximum achieved SDoF is identical to zero. Furthermore, the maximum achievable secure rates of users also vanish, even in the asymptotic regime in the number of the BS antennas. We finally address this attack and show that, under training-phase jamming, if the number of pilot signals is scaled in a certain way and the pilot signal assignments can be hidden from the adversary, the users achieve an SDoF identical to the maximum achievable DoF under no attack.
Application of Computer Statistical Experiment for Studying Resonant-Tunneling Diode Parameter Reproducibility Under Batch Production Conditions

The object of research is a resonant-tunneling diode (RTD) based on GaAs/AlGaAs multilayer heterostuctures. A software package based on the resonant-tunneling diode current-voltage characteristic's high-speed modeling algorithm with a computer statistical experiment module is submitted. The developed package was used for studying the diode's design parameters' technological errors' effect on the RTD I-V characteristics' variation. The results' adequacy is verified by comparison with the experimental data.
Factors Associated With Rates of HBsAg Seroclearance in Adults With Chronic HBV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a marker for clearance of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but reported annual incidence rates of HBsAg seroclearance vary. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide more precise estimates of HBsAg seroclearance rates among subgroups and populations. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library for cohort studies that reported HBsAg seroclearance in adults with chronic HBV infection with more than 1 year of follow-up and at least 1 repeat test for HBsAg. Annual and 5-, 10-, and 15-year cumulative incidence rates were pooled using a random effects model. RESULTS We analyzed 34 published studies (with 42,588 patients, 303,754 person-years of follow-up, and 3194 HBsAg seroclearance events), including additional and updated aggregated data from 19 studies. The pooled annual rate of HBsAg seroclearance was 1.02% (95% CI, 0.79-1.27). Cumulative incidence rates were 4.03% at 5 years (95% CI, 2.49-5.93), 8.16% at 10 years (95% CI, 5.24-11.72), and 17.99% at 15 years (95% CI, 6.18-23.24). There were no significant differences between the sexes. A higher proportion of patients who tested negative for HBeAg at baseline had seroclearance (1.33%; 95% CI, 0.76-2.05) than those who tested positive for HBeAg (0.40%; 95% CI, 0.25-0.59) (P < .01). Having HBsAg seroclearance was also associated with a lower baseline HBV DNA level (6.61 log10 IU/mL; 95% CI, 5.94-7.27) vs not having HBsAg seroclearance (7.71 log10 IU/mL; 95% CI, 7.41-8.02) (P < .01) and with a lower level of HBsAg at baseline (2.74 log10 IU/mL; 95% CI, 1.88-3.60) vs not having HBsAg seroclearance (3.90 log10 IU/mL, 95% CI, 3.73-4.06) (P < .01). HBsAg seroclearance was not associated with HBV genotype or treatment history. Heterogeneity was substantial across the studies (I2 = 97.49%). CONCLUSION In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found a low rate of HBsAg seroclearance in untreated and treated patients (pooled annual rate, approximately 1%). Seroclearance occurred mainly in patients with less active disease. Patients with chronic HBV infection should therefore be counseled on the need for lifelong treatment, and curative therapies are needed.
Diagnosing active tuberculosis in people living with HIV: an ongoing challenge

Purpose of review Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains a challenge, despite it being the most common comorbidity in this group. In this review, we provide an overview of tests for active TB, and their diagnostic performance in PLHIV. Recent findings New and updated diagnostic tests have better performance than traditional bacterial culture or smear microscopy in PLHIV. Recent developments in molecular tests have improved the sensitivity at which TB and drug susceptibility can be detected in PLHIV. Notably, the updated Xpert Ultra test can detect HIV-associated TB with high sensitivity, and a rapid lateral flow lipoarabinomannan-based assay has been shown to reduce TB-related mortality in hospitalized PLHIV. New directions in drug-susceptibility testing are being pursued, such as next-generation sequencing and line probe assays, but more evaluation in PLHIV is needed. There is growing understanding of subclinical TB, but methods to detect this type of TB are inadequate. Summary As diagnosis is the weakest link in the TB care cascade, newer more accurate TB tests must be scaled up and fully integrated into existing healthcare systems. Drug-susceptibility testing must become universal to ensure appropriate treatment regimens are prescribed, allowing TB clearance and inhibiting development of antimicrobial resistance.
Bilinear Matrix Factorization Methods for Time-Varying Narrowband Channel Estimation: Exploiting Sparsity and Rank

In this paper, the estimation of a narrowband time-varying channel under the practical assumptions of finite block length and finite transmission bandwidth is investigated. It is shown that the signal, after passing through a time-varying narrowband channel reveals a useful parametric low-rank structure that can be represented as a bilinear form. To estimate the channel, two strategies are developed. The first method exploits the low-rank bilinear structure of the channel via a non-convex strategy based on an alternating direction optimization between the delay and Doppler directions. While prior Wirtinger flow methods have exhibited good performance with proper initialization, this is not true in the current scenario. Due to the non-convex nature of this approach, this first approach is sensitive to local minima. Furthermore, the convergence rate of the Wirtinger flow method is shown to be provably modest. Thus, a novel convex approach based on the minimization of the atomic norm using measurements of the signal at the time domain is proposed based on a second bilinear parametrization of the channel. For the convex approach, optimality and uniqueness conditions, and a theoretical guarantee for noiseless channel estimation with small number of measurements are characterized. Numerical results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is independent of the leakage effect and the new methods can achieve a 5–12 dB improvement, on average, compared to a classical $l_1$-based sparse approximation method that does not consider the leakage effect, and 2 dB improvement over a basis expansion method that considers the leakage effect.
The Histone Chaperone FACT Coordinates H2A.X-Dependent Signaling and Repair of DNA Damage

Safeguarding cell function and identity following a genotoxic stress challenge entails a tight coordination of DNA damage signaling and repair with chromatin maintenance. How this coordination is achieved and with what impact on chromatin integrity remains elusive. Here, by investigating the mechanisms governing the distribution of H2A.X in mammalian chromatin, we demonstrate that this histone variant is deposited de novo at sites of DNA damage in a repair synthesis-coupled manner. Our mechanistic studies further identify the histone chaperone FACT (Facilitates Chromatin Transcription) as responsible for the deposition of newly synthesized H2A.X. Functionally, FACT potentiates H2A.X-dependent signaling of DNA damage and, together with ANP32E (Acidic Nuclear Phosphoprotein 32 Family Member E), orchestrates a H2A.Z/H2A.X exchange reaction that reshapes the chromatin landscape at repair sites. We propose that this mechanism promotes chromatin accessibility and helps tailoring DNA damage signaling to repair progression. HIGHLIGHTS H2A.X, but not H2A.Z, is deposited de novo at sites of DNA damage repair FACT promotes new H2A.X deposition coupled to repair synthesis FACT and ANP32E chaperones orchestrate H2A.Z/H2A.X exchange in damaged chromatin FACT stimulates H2A.X-dependent signaling of DNA damage
Pilot Study Assessing the Feasibility and Clinical Outcomes of Office-Based Ossiculoplasty

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of ossiculoplasty under local anesthesia in an office setting without sedation. Methods: Between May 2017 and November 2017, patients who presented with conductive hearing loss and known isolated ossicular discontinuities were offered ossiculoplasty under local anesthesia. Inclusion criteria included age ⩾ 18 years, adequate transcanal access, and the ability to lie supine for up to 45 minutes. Exclusion criteria included associated tympanic membrane perforation and the presence of middleear or mastoid cholesteatoma or infection. Results: Fourteen patients underwent the procedure. The mean age was 48.3 years (range, 19-74 years). Six were primary and 8 revision cases. There were 8 partial and 6 total prosthesis placements. The mean operative time was 34 minutes (range, 26-43 minutes). All patients tolerated the procedure to completion. There were no intraoperative complications. The mean air conduction pure-tone average was 76.6 dB and the mean bone conduction pure-tone average was 27.2 dB, with a preoperative air-bone gap of 49.9 dB. Air conduction pure-tone average significantly improved to 45.2 dB (P < .0001). Air-bone gap significantly improved to 17.8 dB (P < .0001). Conclusions: Ossiculoplasty using partial or total prostheses can be safely performed in the office setting under local anesthesia without sedation in carefully selected patients. This has potentially significant patient and system benefits.
Characteristics and predictors of malignancy in dermatomyositis: Analysis of 239 patients from northern China

The present study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients with dermatomyositis (DM) in order to identify predictors of cancer in these patients. Data of 239 patients with DM, treated at Yuhuangding Hospital between 1997 and 2016, was retrospectively assessed. The patients' demographic, clinical, survival and laboratory data were analyzed. Of the 239 patients, 43 developed malignancies. In 30 (69.77%) patients, the malignancy was detected within 1 year before or after DM diagnosis. There were 15 (34.88%) fatalities. Lung cancer was the most common type of malignancy identified (n=6, 13.95%), and adenocarcinoma was the most common pathological type (n=6, 13.95%). Older age, absence of interstitial lung disease, and absence of arthralgia were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for malignancy. Myositis-specific autoantibody expression, specifically anti-TIF1γ positivity and/or anti-MDA5 negativity, was associated with cancer in patients with DM. The survival rate was significantly lower in patients with malignancy than in patients without malignancy. Patients with DM had a high incidence of malignancy and a poor prognosis. Lung cancer and adenocarcinoma are common among patients with DM in northern China. Cancer screening should be conducted in all DM patients, particularly within 1 year of DM diagnosis. Older age is a risk factor for malignancy in DM patients, while interstitial lung disease and arthralgia are protective factors. Myositis-specific autoantibody detection may be useful for cancer screening in patients with DM.
Sampling for disease absence—deriving informed monitoring from epidemic traits

Monitoring for disease requires subsets of the host population to be sampled and tested for the pathogen. If all the samples return healthy, what are the chances the disease was present but missed? In this paper, we developed a statistical approach to solve this problem considering the fundamental property of infectious diseases: their growing incidence in the host population. The model gives an estimate of the incidence probability density as a function of the sampling effort, and can be reversed to derive adequate monitoring patterns ensuring a given maximum incidence in the population. We then present an approximation of this model, providing a simple rule of thumb for practitioners. The approximation is shown to be accurate for a sample size larger than 20, and we demonstrate its use by applying it to three plant pathogens: citrus canker, bacterial blight and grey mould.
Average Consensus of Multi-Agent Systems Under Directed Topologies and Binary-Valued Communications

This paper is concerned with the average consensus problem of multi-agent systems with binary-valued communications under directed topologies. The information that each agent communicates with others is binary-valued with a fixed threshold and the control is a quantity of transportation from one agent to another, which causes that a decrease of the transmitter’s state leads to an increase of the same amount of the receiver’s. Due to the limitation of the information obtained, each agent needs to wait for a period of time to collect enough binary-valued information to estimate. Hence, we construct a two-scale control algorithm. At the small-time scale, each agent estimates its neighbors’ states based on the accumulation of binary-valued information for a period of time, during which the control is zero. At the large-time scale, each agent designs the control signal based on the estimation, which results in state updating of the multi-agent system. Then, each agent estimates the new states of its neighbors and the process of alternating estimation and control will be repeated. Finally, we prove that the estimation is convergent and give the mean square convergence rate as the reciprocal of the estimation time. More importantly, the multi-agent system is proved to achieve average consensus and the consensus speed is given. Simulation results are given to validate the algorithm.
A Fast Unsupervised Approach for Multi-Modality Surgical Trajectory Segmentation

To improve the efficiency of surgical trajectory segmentation for surgical assessment and robot learning in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, this paper presents a fast unsupervised method using video and kinematic data, followed by a promoting procedure to address the over-segmentation issue. An unsupervised deep learning network called dense convolutional encoder–decoder network (DCED-Net) is first proposed to extract more discriminative features from videos in an effective way. DCED-Net has several advantages. It compresses the encoding–decoding structure, strengthens the feature propagation, and avoids the manual annotation. To further improve the accuracy of segmentation, on one hand, a modified transition state clustering model is employed with a strategy of reducing the redundancy of transition points. On the other hand, the segmentation results are promoted by identifying the over-segmented trajectories based on predefined similarity measurements. Extensive experiments on the public data set JIGSAWS show that with our method, the percentage increase in accuracy is 20.3% and the percentage decrease in time cost is 92.6%.
Two-Layer Carrier Index Modulation Scheme Based on Differential Chaos Shift Keying

In this paper, a novel carrier index differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) modulation system is proposed for increased energy and spectral efficiencies. The new system splits all data bits into two groups, which are carried by the chaotic signals and their Hilbert transforms, respectively. For each group, one active subcarrier is selected from all candidate subcarriers according to the index bits, and the signal transmitted via the active subcarrier carries one modulated bit through DCSK modulation. By correlating with the exact or the Hilbert filtered chaotic reference signals, the two data groups can be demodulated separately. In each group, the index bits are determined by the maximum energy comparator, while the threshold verdict helps to estimate the modulated bit. Analytical bit error rate expressions over additive white Gaussian noise and multipath Rayleigh fading channels are derived. Simulations and comparisons are also performed to verify the advantages of this new proposed design.
Maintenance Olaparib in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian Cancer

BACKGROUND Most women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer have a relapse within 3 years after standard treatment with surgery and platinum‐based chemotherapy. The benefit of the oral poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in relapsed disease has been well established, but the benefit of olaparib as maintenance therapy in newly diagnosed disease is uncertain. METHODS We conducted an international, randomized, double‐blind, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy of olaparib as maintenance therapy in patients with newly diagnosed advanced (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III or IV) high‐grade serous or endometrioid ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal cancer, or fallopian‐tube cancer (or a combination thereof) with a mutation in BRCA1, BRCA2, or both (BRCA1/2) who had a complete or partial clinical response after platinum‐based chemotherapy. The patients were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive olaparib tablets (300 mg twice daily) or placebo. The primary end point was progression‐free survival. RESULTS Of the 391 patients who underwent randomization, 260 were assigned to receive olaparib and 131 to receive placebo. A total of 388 patients had a centrally confirmed germline BRCA1/2 mutation, and 2 patients had a centrally confirmed somatic BRCA1/2 mutation. After a median follow‐up of 41 months, the risk of disease progression or death was 70% lower with olaparib than with placebo (Kaplan–Meier estimate of the rate of freedom from disease progression and from death at 3 years, 60% vs. 27%; hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.23 to 0.41; P<0.001). Adverse events were consistent with the known toxic effects of olaparib. CONCLUSIONS The use of maintenance therapy with olaparib provided a substantial benefit with regard to progression‐free survival among women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation, with a 70% lower risk of disease progression or death with olaparib than with placebo. (Funded by AstraZeneca and Merck; SOLO1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01844986.)
Effects of Facial Expression and Facial Gender on Judgment of Trustworthiness: The Modulating Effect of Cooperative and Competitive Settings

People often judge trustworthiness based on others’ faces (e.g., facial expression and facial gender). However, it is unclear whether social context plays a moderating role in forming trustworthiness judgments. Based on the emotions as social information (EASI) model, differing contexts may impact the effect of facial expression; however, there is no evidence demonstrating that differing contexts will or will not influence the effect of facial gender. In this study, we used two experiments to examine how facial expression and facial gender affect facial trustworthiness judgments and whether the effects on facial trustworthiness judgments are consistent in cooperative and competitive settings. Twenty-seven undergraduates (14 female; Mage = 21.81 years, SD = 2.66) participated in experiment 1. The results showed significant main effects of facial expression and facial gender as well as the interaction between them. To examine the social context effect, 28 undergraduates (18 female; Mage = 20.93 years, SD = 2.94) participated in experiment 2. The results showed the main effects of facial expression, facial gender, and social context. Moreover, there was a significant interaction between facial gender and facial expression and a marginally significant interaction between social context and facial expression. These results suggest that in the process of judging facial trustworthiness, individuals’ judgments are affected by both facial expression and facial gender. Furthermore, the effect of facial gender on facial trustworthiness judgments presents cross-situational stability, and the role of facial expression is influenced by the settings. These findings support and expand the EASI model.
Risk Factors for Failure of Total Ankle Arthroplasty With a Minimum Five Years of Follow-up

Background: As the popularity of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) increases and indications expand, surgeons require a better understanding of which patient factors are associated with implant failure. In this study, we aimed to use a large total ankle database to identify independent risk factors for implant failure at mid- to long-term follow-up. Methods: A prospectively collected database was used to identify all patients who underwent primary TAA with a minimum 5 years’ follow-up. The primary outcome was revision, defined as removal of one or both metal components; failures due to infection were excluded. Patient and clinical factors analyzed included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, presence of diabetes, indication for TAA, implant, tourniquet time, and presence of ipsilateral hindfoot fusion. Preoperative coronal deformity and sagittal talar translation were assessed, as were postoperative coronal and sagittal tibial component alignment. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of implant failure. After excluding 5 ankles that failed because of deep infection, 533 ankles with a mean 7 (range, 5-11) years of follow-up met the inclusion criteria. Four implants were used: INBONE I, INBONE II, STAR, and Salto-Talaris. Results: Thirty-four ankles (6.4%) were revised or removed a mean 4 (range, 1-9) years postoperatively. The only independent predictors of failure were the INBONE I prosthesis and ipsilateral hindfoot fusion (P = .006 and P = .023, respectively). Conclusions: This is among the largest studies to analyze the relationship between TAA failure rates and multiple different patient, operative, and radiographic factors. Of note, age, BMI, and amount of deformity were not associated with higher failure rates. Only patients with ipsilateral hindfoot fusion or who received the INBONE I prosthesis were at significantly higher risk of implant failure. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.