Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen-Sulphur use economics in rapeseed productivity at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

N and S are the most limiting factor for rapeseed production. Apart from various factor, declining level of N and S is evident in decreasing level of the rapeseed productivity. Available soil-N supplies are generally inadequate for optimum crop production. It was reported that the crop production appears to be limited by N, K and Sin Chitwan condition.1 The productivity of rapeseed has been declining for last many years as reported from various parts of the country.2 Depletion of the organic matter in soil, use of single graded fertilizer in low amount, deficiency of nutrients (especially N, S, and B) have been recognized as the major cause for the declining rapeseed in the Chitwan valley.3 Interaction effect of the sulphur and nitrogen are directly related to the alteration of physiological and biochemical responses of crops, and so it should be studied in depth.4 N could be a significant strategy for improvement of growth and productivity of rapeseed and mustard.5 The study of the nitrogen and sulphur interaction is so required to help understand nutritional behavior of sulphur in relation to nitrogen nutrients and provide guidelines for evaluating the balanced fertilizer combination in order to optimize yield and quality of crops.6,7 Oilseed crops are the third most important crops of Nepal after cereals and legumes in both area and production. Rapeseed occupies 80% of the total area among the oilseed crops8 which indicates the wide acceptance of the rapeseed oil by Nepalese people for cooking purpose. The productivity of rapeseed has been declining for last many years as reported from various parts of the country.2 Nepal, which was oilseed exporting country till early seventies, has turned into edible oil importing country (NORP, 1998/1999). So, this study aimed to evaluate rapeseed yield as influenced by N-S interaction and to find economic nutrient dose for farmers of inner-Terai regions for better profitability.
Data cloning estimation of GARCH and COGARCH models

GARCH models include most of the stylized facts of financial time series and they have been largely used to analyse discrete financial time series. In the last years, continuous-time models based on discrete GARCH models have been also proposed to deal with non-equally spaced observations, as COGARCH model based on Lévy processes. In this paper, we propose to use the data cloning methodology in order to obtain estimators of GARCH and COGARCH model parameters. Data cloning methodology uses a Bayesian approach to obtain approximate maximum likelihood estimators avoiding numerically maximization of the pseudo-likelihood function. After a simulation study for both GARCH and COGARCH models using data cloning, we apply this technique to model the behaviour of some NASDAQ time series.
Demonstrative Pronouns and Personal Pronouns: German der vs er

This paper deals with the distribution and reference of the German demonstrative pronoun der and its case and gender variants, in comparison with the behaviour of personal pronouns. After introducing the relevant facts about both pronoun types, we develop our Complementarity Hypothesis, which claims that demonstratives differ from personal pronouns mainly in that they prefer less salient referents. The hypothesis is tested against a newspaper corpus and is found to be fundamentally correct. The paper concludes with the discussion of the empirical results and their effect for future work.
Labour demand and job-to-job movement

The relationship between labour demand and job-to-job movement is investigated, both theoretically and empirically, at the macro level. It concentrates on the role of the employment regime (hiring, do-nothing or firing) and the hiring and firing costs. The exact upper bounds of the marginal hiring costs of an employed worker are derived, for which job mobility between two firms yields a positive aggregate relationship between job-to-job movement and employment. The relationship is estimated as a cointegration model for the Netherlands; it appears that the inclusion of the job-to-job mobility rate may provide a substantial improvement of the estimated labour-demand equation.
Features of the Gouy Phase of Nondiffracting Beams

It is shown how the linear Gouy phase of an ideal nondiffracting beam of +/-(k - k_z)z form, with k_z being the projection of the wavevector of modulus k of the plane wave spectrum onto the propagation axis z, is built from a rigorous treatment based on the successive approximations to the Helmholtz equation. All of different families of nondiffracting beams with a continuum spectrum, as Bessel beams, Mathieu beams and Parabolic ones, as well as nondiffracting beams with a discrete spectrum, as kaleidoscopic beams, have an identical Gouy phase that fully governs the beam propagation dynamics. Hence, a real beam whose Gouy phase is close to that linear Gouy phase in a given range, will have nondiffracting-like properties on such a range. These results are applied to determine the effective regime in which a physically realizable beam can be treated as a nondiffracting one. As a fruitful example, the Gouy phase analysis is applied to fully establish the regime in which a Helmholtz-Gauss beam propagates with nondiffracting-like properties.
NONSOLVABLE POLYNOMIALS WITH FIELD DISCRIMINANT 5 A

We present the first explicitly known polynomials in Z(x) with nonsolvable Galois group and field discriminant of the form ±p A for p 7 a prime. Our main polyno- mial has degree 25, Galois group of the form PSL2(5) 5 . 10, and field discriminant 5 69 . A closely related polynomial has degree 120, Galois group of the form SL2(5) 5 . 20, and field discriminant 5 311 . We completely describe 5-adic behavior, finding in particular that the root discriminant of both splitting fields is 125·5 1/12500 124.984 and the class number of the latter field is divisible by 5 4 .
Lemongrass Leaf Extract Attenuates Hydrocarbon-Induced Oxidative Stress and Macrocytic Hypochromic Anaemia in Rats

The therapeutic use of medicinal plants and plant products to mitigate solvent/xenobiotic-induced haematological disorders has not been adequately explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) leaf decoctions on gasoline vapour (GV)-induced haematological disorders and oxidative stress in rats. Seventy-two female rats weighing 180-200g were randomly selected and divided into six groups (n = 12 per group). Animals in group 1 served as unexposed controls, while animals in group 2 were exposed to gasoline vapour (GV) alone for 35 days. Animals in groups 3, 4, and 5 were exposed to GV and co-administered C. citratus leaf extract (500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 1500 mg/kg, respectively), and animals in group 6 were exposed to GV and co-administered vitamin C (200 mg/kg) for the same time period. Exposure of animals to GV alone significantly (p < 0.05) decreased packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HB), total red blood cells (RBC), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Total white blood cells (WBC), WBC lineages and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the corresponding values in the control group. Supplementation with C. citratus leaf decoction and vitamin C reversed these GV-induced changes in haematological indices and MDA levels. Therefore, C. citratus leaf decoctions and vitamin C supplementation provided an ameliorative effect on GV-induced haematotoxicity and oxidative stress in a rat model of gasoline exposure.
A Meta-analytic Review

STUDIES HAVE LINKED PHYSICIANS’ communication skills to a variety of positive outcomes, including patient and physician satisfaction, higher levels of adherence to therapeutic recommendations, improved physiological indicators of disease control, and enhanced physical and mental health status. Within this context, gender has stimulated a good deal of interest as a possible source of variation in the interpersonal aspects of medical practice, with speculation that female physicians facilitate more open and equal exchange and a different therapeutic milieu from that of male physicians. Outside of the medical context, differences in the interpersonal style of women compared with men are well documented. Women disclose more information about themselves in conversation, they have a warmer and more engaged style of nonverbal communication, and they encourage and facilitate others to talk to them more freely and in a warmer and more intimate way. There is also evidence that women take greater pains to downplay their own status in an attempt to equalize status with a partner, in contrast with men’s tendency to assert status differences. Despite gender differences in routine conversation, it is not known whether “female-linked” conversational styles are Author Affiliations: Departments of Health Policy and Management (Dr Roter) and Environmental Health Sciences (Mr Aoki), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md; and Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Mass (Dr Hall). Corresponding Author and Reprints: Debra L. Roter, DrPH, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 (e-mail: droter@jhsph.edu). The Patient-Physician Relationship Section Editor: Richard M. Glass, MD, Deputy Editor. Context Physician gender has been viewed as a possible source of variation in the interpersonal aspects of medical practice, with speculation that female physicians facilitate more open and equal exchange and a different therapeutic milieu from that of male physicians. However, studies in this area are generally based on small samples, with conflicting results.
A temporal central limit theorem for real-valued cocycles over rotations

We consider deterministic random walks on the real line driven by irrational rotations, or equivalently, skew product extensions of a rotation by $\alpha$ where the skewing cocycle is a piecewise constant mean zero function with a jump by one at a point $\beta$. When $\alpha$ is badly approximable and $\beta$ is badly approximable with respect to $\alpha$, we prove a Temporal Central Limit theorem (in the terminology recently introduced by D.Dolgopyat and O.Sarig), namely we show that for any fixed initial point, the occupancy random variables, suitably rescaled, converge to a Gaussian random variable. This result generalizes and extends a theorem by J. Beck for the special case when $\alpha$ is quadratic irrational, $\beta$ is rational and the initial point is the origin, recently reproved and then generalized to cover any initial point using geometric renormalization arguments by Avila-Dolgopyat-Duryev-Sarig (Israel J., 2015) and Dolgopyat-Sarig (J. Stat. Physics, 2016). We also use renormalization, but in order to treat irrational values of $\beta$, instead of geometric arguments, we use the renormalization associated to the continued fraction algorithm and dynamical Ostrowski expansions. This yields a suitable symbolic coding framework which allows us to reduce the main result to a CLT for non homogeneous Markov chains.
Particle Tracking Microrheology of Complex Fluids

In this Letter, we demonstrate that microscopic tracking of the thermally driven motion of a single particle suspended in a complex fluid can be used to measure the fluid’s macroscopic linear viscoelasticity over an extended frequency range. By extracting the particle’s timedependent mean square displacement, kDr 2 stdl, from its trajectory measured using laser deflection particle tracking (LDPT), we obtain G p svd from a frequency-dependent
Can War Foster Cooperation?

In the past decade, nearly 20 studies have found a strong, persistent pattern in surveys and behavioral experiments from over 40 countries: individual exposure to war violence tends to increase social cooperation at the local level, including community participation and prosocial behavior. Thus while war has many negative legacies for individuals and societies, it appears to leave a positive legacy in terms of local cooperation and civic engagement. We discuss, synthesize and reanalyze the emerging body of evidence, and weigh alternative explanations. There is some indication that war violence especially enhances in-group or "parochial" norms and preferences, a finding that, if true, suggests that the rising social cohesion we document need not promote broader peace.
The Fluid Inclusion and Mineralogic Record of the Transition from Liquid- to Vapor-Dominated Conditions in The Geysers Geothermal System, California

The Geysers, an active vapor-dominated geothermal system related to a hypabyssal granitic pluton, was liquid dominated from its inception at 1.2 to ~0.3 Ma when the modern vapor-dominated regime formed. As the hydrothermal liquids boiled off, a vapor-dominated heat pipe developed in which the flow of steam was balanced by downward percolation of condensate. A record of the transition from liquid- to vapor-dominated conditions is contained within late-stage quartz and calcite crystals that are common in the upper part of the steam reservoir and overlying cap rock. Samples from three localities were examined in detail. Quartz from these veins is characterized by corroded crystal faces, solid inclusions of contemporaneous calcite that are generally etched, coeval high- and low-salinity fluid inclusions, primary low-salinity liquid-rich inclusions, and abundant vapor-rich inclusions. Primary vapor-rich inclusions up to 2 mm across were trapped mainly on rhombic and prism faces of skeletal quartz crystals during periods of rapid growth. These inclusions nucleate crystals of CO2 that disappear by sublimation rather than melting, at temperatures ranging from –92.9° to –56.7°C. Liquid-rich fluid inclusions from veins near the top of the modern steam reservoir yield homogenization temperatures ranging from 304° to 188°C. These temperatures commonly exceed boiling point to depth relationships based on the paleoground surface, suggesting that pressures were initially greater than hydrostatic. Temperature-salinity relationships indicate that the early, shallow liquids had salinities of 1.5 to 2 wt percent NaCl equiv and that boiling began by ~300°C. As the fluids boiled off, salinities of the residual liquid increased to 3 to 4 wt percent NaCl equiv. Trapping of low-salinity fluids (0.0–0.5 wt % NaCl equiv) interpreted as condensate in primary liquid-rich inclusions suggest vapor-dominated conditions had begun to develop by the time temperatures had dropped to 290°C. The primary origin of these inclusion fluids indicates that they were capable of depositing quartz and calcite. During the evolution of the vapor-dominated system, the hydrothermal fluids were at different times, but at the same location, undersaturated, in equilibrium, or oversaturated with respect to quartz and calcite. The hydrothermal fluids initially deposited quartz and calcite as they boiled off. Dissolution of these minerals occurred as the condensate, which was initially undersaturated with respect to quartz and calcite, percolated down. Subsequent deposition of these minerals occurred as the condensate, or mixtures of condensate and boiled liquid that leaked back into the fractures, vaporized during periods of intermittent pressure reduction. The top of the vapor-dominated system migrated downward with time as the overlying fractures were progressively sealed off. Today, pressures within the steam reservoir are vaporstatic and temperatures range from 240° to at least 342°C.
Animal personality and the ecological impacts of freshwater non-native species

While the ecological impacts of invasive species have been demonstrated for many taxonomic groups, the potential effects of behavioural variation among non-native individuals (i.e. personality) on these impacts have been largely overlooked. This is despite the fact that recent studies have demonstrated that, by nature, the three first stages of biological invasions (i.e. transport, establishment and spread) can lead to personality-biased populations. Freshwater ecosystems provide a unique oppor- tunity to investigate this issue, notably because the ecological impacts of non-native species have been extensively documented and because animal personality has been widely studied using freshwater model species. Here, we aim at developing some per- spectives on the potential effects of animal personality on the ecological impacts of freshwater non-native species across levels of biological organizations. At the individual level, personality types have been demonstrated to affect the physiolo- gy, metabolism, life history traits and fitness of individuals. We used these effects to discuss how they could subsequently impact invaded popula- tions and, in turn, recipient communities. We also discussed how these might translate into changes in the structure of food webs and the functioning of invaded ecosystems. Finally we discussed how these perspectives could interact with the management of invasive species (Current Zoology 60 (3): 417-427, 2014). Keywords Biological invasions, Behavioural syndromes, Aquatic ecosystems, Temperaments, Behavioural types, Cascading effects
Nonequilibrium and transport in proximity of superconductors

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY P. O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk. fi Author Pauli Virtanen Name of the dissertation Manuscript submitted June 8, 2009 Manuscript revised September 17, 2009 Date of the defence October 22, 2009 Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Monograph Faculty Department Field of research Opponent(s) Supervisor Instructor Abstract
Anatomic Relationships of Mandibular Canal. A Cone Beam CT Study

It is critical to know the precise location and configuration of the mandibular canal (MC) to avoid damages in the alveolar inferior nerve during an invasive dental treatment. The aim of this study was to provide anatomic relationships of the mandibular canal in its entire pathway related to cortical walls and dental roots to serve as basic knowledge for dental clinical procedur es performed in this area. We analyzed 50 CBCT images assessing the specific location of MC at the retromolar space as related to inferior t eeth roots. Data were analyzed by side using descriptive statistics (median: mean [M], standard deviation [SD], 95 % confidence inte rval: lower endpoint [IC] and upper endpoint [IC’]). The MC length and pathway were measured from the mandibular foramen up to the mental foramen. MC was closer from lingual cortical than buccal at the retromolar space as well the distal root of the second m olar and the root of the second premolar are closest to MC. A mean length for the MC of 70.8 ( ±5.3 mm) for the right side and 71 ( ±5.8 mm) for the left side were observed. In conclusion, it is critical for clinicians to know three-dimensionally the topographic relations hips between the inferior teeth roots and the mandibular canal before proceeding to any invasive dental or surgical procedure at this region .
Topological Phases of Sound and Light

Topological states of matter are particularly robust, since they exploit global features insensitive to local perturbations. In this work, we describe how to create a Chern insulator of phonons in the solid state. The proposed implementation is based on a simple setting, a dielectric slab with a suitable pattern of holes. Its topological properties can be wholly tuned in-situ by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of a driving laser that controls the optomechanical interaction between light and sound. The resulting chiral, topologically protected phonon transport along the edges can be probed completely optically. Moreover, we identify a regime of strong mixing between photon and phonon excitations, which gives rise to a large set of different topological phases. This would be an example of a Chern insulator produced from the interaction between two physically very different particle species, photons and phonons.
Social Capital as a Microlevel Origin of Organizational Capabilities

The microlevel concept of social capital has received significant attention in management and sociological research but has not yet been empirically associated with the development of organizational capabilities. The major purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of social capital with marketing and research and development (RD the opposite holds for R&D capability. This research contributes to the resource-based view by introducing social capital as an important microlevel factor promoting the development of organizational capabilities. By identifying and evaluating two important environmental contingencies, our study also decreases some of the ambiguity surrounding the effectiveness of antecedents to organizational capabilities. The findings further help practitioners decide under what circumstances investing in top-managers' social capital provides an effective means for achieving superior performance through enhanced organizational capabilities. This should have an important bearing on issues such as management training and incentives as well as on hiring policies.
Learning viewer-centered projections for 3D shape completion

The goal of this study is to determine the effectiveness of different 3D shape representations in learning to generate volumetric shapes using deep neural networks. We propose to automatically reconstruct a 3D model from a single-view image of an object by synthesizing multiple depth images and inferring the volume through multi-view 3D reconstruction. The final output is a 3D mesh inferred without seeing voxels in the training process. This is similar to the intuition that humans remember (and inherently reproduce) 3D shapes without ever "seeing through" the underlying volume – we think of objects as seen from certain viewpoints and 3D structure is a derived concept. Most previous studies have focused on directly learning the voxel representations, deforming exemplars, or utilizing user interaction. In this paper, we want to learn category-independent object shape representations by simultaneously predicting multiple incomplete surfaces in relation to the viewer with the complete 3D structure in mind. Instead of predicting voxels which typically need to be in low resolution, we hypothesize that learning a representation that can consistently produce partial surfaces in a multi-task learning model enables inter-category 3D shape transfer. We perform shape completion in novel categories and evaluate quantitatively using voxel I/U and surface distance metrics. We also report that the learned representation improves 3D shape classification.
The relationship between depression, satisfaction with life, and social interest

Depression is occurring in almost epidemic proportions in modern society (Seligman, 1990). The current study aims to explore the relationship between depression, life satisfaction, and social interest. Eightyseven students from the University of Newcastle were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Social Interest Index (SII). As hypothesised, it was found that depression was negatively correlated with life satisfaction and social interest. It was also found that females displayed greater social interest than males, however no difference was observed in level of depression by gender. These findings support the concept that treatment for depression might be oriented away from introspection, and directed instead towards increasing social awareness and interaction.