Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN BAGHDAD

While some workplace stress is normal, excessive stress had negatively impact on individual's performance;. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms among healthcare providers Methods :A cross sectional study was carried out among employees (administrative and medical ) ,. Data were collected with a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic variables screened for depression by a standardized scale: ( DSM-IV-TR ). Results: This study included 521 persons who agreed to participate comprising of 157 administrative and 364 medical health care providers and an overall prevalence of probable depressive symptoms was ( 70.25% ). Conclusions: Depressive symptoms is highly prevalent among primary health care providers. Age, number of children in medical participants, and marital status for administrative, had significant association with depressive symptoms , while gender, educational level, years of experience, monthly income, and presence of chronic illnesses showed to have no significant association .
Modern robust statistical methods can provide substantially higher power and a deeper understanding of data

During the last fifty years, there have been many advances and insights relevant to the most basic statistical methods, designed to compare groups and study associations. Classic, routinely used methods assume sampling is from a normal distribution. Numerous papers make it clear that violating this assumption can result in missing true differences among groups and true associations among variables. Many new methods have been derived that are designed to perform well when dealing non-normal distributions and outliers that can make a substantial difference when analyzing data. Broadly, modern technology offers the opportunity to get a deeper and more accurate understanding of data. The paper reviews the basic reasons why standard methods can be highly unsatisfactory and provides an overview of some of the more modern methods that have been derived. Comments on SPSS and the software R are included.
Urinary tract infection in adolescent / young adult Nigerians with acquired human immuno deficiency disease in Benin city.

In comparison with unaffected persons individuals infected with HIV have undue predisposition to other infections including those of urinary tract. To assess this predilection to urinary tract infection (UTI) among this cohort 158{59 (37%) males and 99 (63%) female} of them comprising mainly adolescents and young adults with confirmed HIV infection and attending Consultant Out patient Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) were evaluated for UTI through culture done on mid stream urine. The study carried out between September 2003 and May 2005 was prospective and cross sectional. Ten {(6.3%) one male and 9 females} patients had positive urine culture of uro-pathogenic organisms. Only 2 (20%) of these 10 patients had urinary symptoms of dysuria and loin pain. However fever was commoner among the patients with UTI as compared to those without it (54/148 or 36.5% vs 9/10 or 90.0% x/2 =9.01 p less than 0.5). Urinary pathogens were Escherichia coli 5 (50%) Klebsiella species 3(30%) and Staphylococcus aureus 1 (10%). In vitro sensitivity revealed that Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were 100% sensitives to ofloxacin 100% and 66.7% respectively to ciprofloxacin but completely resistant to cotrimoxazole amoxicillin and clavulanic-acid potentiated amoxicillin. The adolescent/ young adult with HIV infection has enhanced risk of having UTI caused by similarly implicated organism in otherwise apparently health cohorts of comparable age bracket. (authors)
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ACCURACY OF ROOT ZX AND PROPEXPIXI APEX LOCATOR ’ S WITH DIFFERENT APICAL CONSTRICTIONS : AN IN VITRO STUDY

Aim: To evaluate and compare the performance of Root ZX and PropexPixi apex locator’s in closed and open apex cases. Materials and methods: Working length of 40 single rooted teeth was determined. The teeth were divided into 2 groups (n = 20). First group included teeth with mature apices. Root canals of the other groups were progressively enlarged until a size 70 K file advanced 1 mm beyond (So apical size become 0.72mm). Samples were embedded in alginate and electronic apex locator (EAL) measurements were performed. Results: Both devices show success rate of 90% in closed apex (within ±1mm) cases where as success rate of Root ZX drops down to 80%(within ±1mm) in open apex whereas PropexPixi continues to perform well. Conclusion: Root ZX and PropexPixi both are comparable in closed apex cases. PropexPixi was more accurate in open apex cases.
Wildlife Threats and Their Relative Severity of Eastern Ethiopia Protected Areas

Protected areas in Ethiopia faced a range of threats. However, little information is known about the type, pattern, and extent of these threats. Understanding these issues are crucial in prioritizing conservation strategies and to take appropriate mitigation measure for effective protection of wildlife. This study attempts to investigate the relative severity of threat to eastern Ethiopia protected areas and how these protected areas are threatened to the identified threats. A total of forty-five field officers from the five eastern Ethiopia protected areas were interviewed. Thirteen potential threats that affect the biodiversity of eastern Ethiopia were identified. The most important threats include grazing by domestic animal, shortage of funding, increased human population growth, expansion of invasive alien species, weak law enforcement, encroachment of human settlement, human wildlife conflict, lack of alternative livelihood activities and others. All of the protected areas are susceptible to most of the identified threats. Protected areas having acacia commiphora and scrub land a predominant ecosystem type and surrounded by settlement and agricultural land uses practice were the most susceptible to the threat factors. Babile elephant sanctuary and Yangudi-Rassa national park are the two most threatened protected areas. 58% of the threats showed strong positive and significant relationship with protected area relative threatened index. Thus, involvements of multi stakeholders including local community is essential to develop protected area management strategies by prioritizing the identified threats to reduce biodiversity loss in eastern Ethiopia protected areas.
Dealing with media distractions: an observational study of computer-based multitasking among children and adults in the Netherlands

Abstract The aim of this observational study was to investigate differences in computer-based multitasking among children and adults. Moreover, the study investigated how attention problems are related to computer-based multitasking and how these individual differences interact with age. Computer-based multitasking was observed for a 10-minute period among children (N = 164, aged 6–13) and adults (N = 160, aged 18–75) in the Netherlands. The findings indicated that individuals find it indeed difficult to focus their attention on a main activity in the presence of appealing media distractors. A main effect for age was qualified by an interaction effect between age and attention problems. There was a positive relationship between attention problems and computer-based multitasking only for children but not for adults. The findings indicate that particularly children with attention problems are easily distracted by other media activities.
Effects of two strains of the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya on growth, photosynthesis, light absorption, and quantum yield of bloom-forming dinoflagellates

Eukaryotic parasites are believed to play important roles in bloom dynamics of red-tide dinoflagellates; however, little is known about their impact on host physiology and behavior. To address those issues, we examined the influence of parasitic dinoflagelates, Amoebophrya spp. , on growth, photosynthesis, light absorption, and quantum yield of the bloom-forming dinoflagellates Akashiwo sanguinea and Gymnodinium instriatum. Parasites of the 2 host species differed in their site of infection, developing in the nucleus of A. sanguinea but in the cytoplasm of G. instriatum, and had divergent effects on host photophysiology. Neither host species appeared competent to repro- duce once infected, as growth of fully infected populations was negligible and cell division of infected hosts was never observed. Uninfected populations of both host species exhibited strong diel period- icity in photosynthesis, with parasitized cultures showing distinctly different patterns. Infected A. sanguinea displayed little or no photosynthetic periodicity, whereas diel periodicity continued in par- asitized G. instriatum but was less pronounced than that of uninfected host. Chlorophyll a (chl a) con- tent of A. sanguinea declined steadily over the infection cycle, while per cell and per chl a photo- synthetic rates decreased sharply until 16 h and then stabilized at ~50 pgC cell -1 h -1 and ~1 mgC (mgchla) -1 h -1 , respectively. By comparison, chl a content of infected G. instriatum was comparable with that of uninfected cells, with photosynthetic performance remaining high (~80% of uninfected hosts) until very late in the infection cycle. Light absorption by hosts increased in the blue region and decreased in the red region of the spectrum during the infection cycle, consequently enhancing chl a- specific absorption coefficients relative to uninfected cells by as much as 22 to 56% for A. sanguinea and 59% for G. instriatum. Furthermore, parasitism lowered maximum quantum yields in photosyn- thesis of both hosts by a factor of ~2, particularly in late infection stages. The contrasting effects of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic strains of Amoebophrya on photosynthetic performances and photo- physiological properties of host cells suggest that these parasites may exert somewhat different influ- ences on primary production and microbial activities during epidemic outbreaks in natural systems.
Detection of Adenovirus Type 40/41 Among Children With Diarrhea, In Al-Najaf province, Iraq

Adenoviruses type 40/41 are from the most important etiologic agents in acute gastroenteritis of children. The aim of this study was to detect of Adenovirus type 40/41 among children with diarrhea admitted to Al-Najaf province, in ALZahra teaching hospital for maternity and children and AlHakeem hospital, during the period extended from November, 2016 to February, 2017 including 90 stool specimen from children with diarrheal, their age range (from 6 to 48 months). All stool specimen were subjected to rapid test specific of Adenovirus antigens using immunochromatographic assay, which showed prevalence of (21 cases 23.33 %). The results showed the majority of infections with adenovirus were recorded among children age (6-30) months. Five specimen (23.8 %) of 21 stool samples were detected by Real-time PCR technique . The positive cases were higher among infants fed with artificial dry milk 18 cases (85.71 %) compared with infants fed with mother's milk 3 cases (14.28%). All of the cases complained of watery or mucosal consistence stool , abdominal pain vomiting, and fever. The results of this study showed that adenovirus is one of the main factors causing acute gastroenteritis in infants and children in developing countries.
Harvest index for biomass and nitrogen in maize crops limited by nitrogen and water

Nitrogen (N) is one of the major yield-limiting nutrients for crop production. At high application rates the efficiency of N use is reduced and the risk of N loss in soil-plant systems is increased. The N taken up by maize crops is partitioned between vegetative (e.g. leaves and stems) and reproductive organs (e.g. grains) that have economic value. The ratio of grain N to total crop N, defined as the nitrogen harvest index (NHI), provides an indication of how efficiently the plant converts absorbed N into grain. Two field experiments with the maize hybrid ‘Pioneer 39G12’ were undertaken to investigate how N rate and irrigation affected NHI and grain quality of maize grown. Harvest index (HI) and NHI increased with increasing water supply, from 0.47 to 0.53 (HI) and 0.43 to 0.60 (NHI), for the dryland and irrigated crops, respectively. However, neither HI nor NHI was significantly affected by N rate. The grain N concentration (Ng%) increased from 0.97% to 1.1% with water supply, and from 0.92% for the N control to 1.25% for the 200–250 kg N/ha crops in both experiments. However, Ng% did not significantly increase at the higher rates of fertiliser N. The NHI was closely related to HI, which suggests that management options to improve the HI of maize crops would also improve the crops’ ability to utilise N. The response of both HI and NHI to moisture stress, but not fertiliser N, highlights the importance of soil moisture in crop production in this environment, due to its influence on N uptake. Treatments with high water availability caused higher NHI values in crops and therefore we conclude that water management was of more value than N fertiliser rates for increasing NHI up to reported critical thresholds up to ±0.65.
Retrospective Study on Major Bovine Diseases and Financial Loss Due to Treatment in Wolaita Zone: A Case of Sodo Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia

The contribution of livestock to the human being particularly in the developing countries is enormous and ruminants are an important component of livestock production in Africa. They are a major source of food protein income savings, fiber and manure [1]. Similarly, the dominant economic feature of Ethiopia is its agricultural sector and more than 80% of its population plays a significant role, of which livestock is an essential component [2]. Like in many developing countries, domestic animals play a crucial role in Ethiopia. They provide food in the form of meat and milk, and non-food items such as draft power, manure and transport services as inputs into food crop production and fuel for cooking. Livestock are also a source of cash income through sales of the above items, animal hides and skins. Furthermore, they act as a store of wealth and determine social status within the community [3, 4].
Shame and Dissociation in Survivors of High and Low Betrayal Trauma

ABSTRACT Shame and dissociation cooccur in trauma survivors. Bypassed shame theory posits that dissociation reduces pain by interrupting shame. We tested this theory by inducing dissociation. The hypothesis that higher baseline shame would predict larger increases in dissociation following the induction was marginally supported. However, in contrast to bypassed shame theory, shame scores increased rather than decreased following the induction. An alternative theory, betrayal trauma theory (BTT), proposes that dissociation reduces awareness of betrayal to protect a needed relationship. Shame might also serve this function. We aimed to replicate prior research indicating traumas higher in betrayal (HBT) are uniquely related to both shame and dissociation compared to traumas lower in betrayal (LBT). The hypothesis that HBT would relate to higher shame was supported. The results suggest that other explanations than bypassed shame theory, such as BTT, might better account for the relationship between shame and dissociation in trauma survivors.
Weakly Supervised Phrase Localization with Multi-scale Anchored Transformer Network

In this paper, we propose a novel weakly supervised model, Multi-scale Anchored Transformer Network (MATN), to accurately localize free-form textual phrases with only image-level supervision. The proposed MATN takes region proposals as localization anchors, and learns a multiscale correspondence network to continuously search for phrase regions referring to the anchors. In this way, MATN can exploit useful cues from these anchors to reliably reason about locations of the regions described by the phrases given only image-level supervision. Through differentiable sampling on image spatial feature maps, MATN introduces a novel training objective to simultaneously minimize a contrastive reconstruction loss between different phrases from a single image and a set of triplet losses among multiple images with similar phrases. Superior to existing region proposal based methods, MATN searches for the optimal bounding box over the entire feature map instead of selecting a sub-optimal one from discrete region proposals. We evaluate MATN on the Flickr30K Entities and ReferItGame datasets. The experimental results show that MATN significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF SELECTED GENERA OF SUBFAMILY MIMOSOIDEAE-FABACEAE

Subfamily Mimosoideae-Fabaceae is of economic importance to local communities for its medicinal usage. It has commercial value, but the parts sold in the market are difficult to identify on the basis of morphological characters and therefore needs molecular systematics approaches. Hence, the utility of potential DNA barcodes for selected Acacia and Albizia species by using three cpDNA regions rbcL, matK and trnH-psbA was tested in this study. Our study suggests that the rbcL region can be used to identify these species and discriminate among them more effectively than matK and trnHpsbA. The latter regions proved to be less successful in sequencing particularly trnH-psbA. Therefore, rbcL is an improved and efficient tool for species identification of these medicinal plants and may be recommended for a broad series of subfamily Mimosoideae (Family: Fabaceae) plants, making it a potential DNA barcode for these taxa. Sequence data obtained from rbcL and matK also indicated that Acacia and Albizia are polyphyletic. The phylogenetic analysis on the basis of rbcL proved that Acacia nilotica and Acacia nilotica ssp. hemispherica are closely related as they form the sister groups.
The Patterns of Interferon-Gamma and Interleukin-10 Production as a Potential Immunological Biomarker for the Outcome of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

Deficiencies in current tuberculosis (TB) immunodiagnostics pipeline demand new approaches to control TB. Because the balance in key pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production could determine Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTb) infection outcome, this study aimed to determine the patterns of MTb-specific antigen-stimulated Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in different clinical forms of MTb infection and to evaluate their concomitant changes during anti-TB treatment (ATT). Overall, 84 BCG-vaccinated HIV-negative adults, consisting of 25 Healthy Community Controls (HCC), 27 Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) cases, and a cohort of 32 Acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis (APTB) patients were investigated for IFN-y and IL-10 responses at enrollment (base-line) and during ATT at 2-month (ATT1) and 6-month (ATT2). At enrollment, groups didn’t differ significantly in age, gender, or CD4+ T counts but differed in the other socio-demographics, and hematological parameters, p<0.05. Base-line Sandwich ELISA – measured IFN-y responses were significantly higher in HCC (223.50±58.11pg/ml) compared with LTBI (128.82±41.81pg/ml) and APTB (47.82±22.05pg/ml), p<0.0001 in each case. During treatment, IFN-y levels increased significantly at ATT1 (125.37±16.09pg/ml) and ATT2 (203.35±23.24pg/ml), p<0.0001. Conversely, base-line IL-10 responses increased significantly in APTB (17.53±6.30pg/ml), compared with LTBI (10.71±2.39pg/ml) and HCC (7.49±2.02pg/ml), P<0.0001, but declined significantly at ATT1 (10.54±2.25pg/ml) and ATT2 (5.25±1.45pg/ml), P=<0.0001. Cytokines response combination ratio showed: ‘High’ HCC, ‘Intermediate’ LTBI, or ‘Low’ APTB ratio that increased during successful ATT; the two identified MDR-TB patients recorded fluctuating but constantly low ratio during ATT. These results demonstrate the immunocompetence of MTb-exposed adults, and that IFN-y and IL-10 cytokines cross-regulate, and strongly suggest a shift toward IFN-y-mediated pro-inflammatory host immune phenotype during effective control of MTb infection. The IFN-y/IL-10 response ratio is a novel potential immunological biomarker to assess if MTb infection is going to resolve, result in latency, progress to TB; or become drug-resistant.
Factors impacting employment for people with autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review

The aim of this study is to holistically synthesise the extent and range of literature relating to the employment of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Database searches of Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus, ERIC, Web of Science and EMBASE were conducted. Studies describing adults with autism spectrum disorder employed in competitive, supported or sheltered employment were included. Content analysis was used to identify the strengths and abilities in the workplace of employees with autism spectrum disorder. Finally, meaningful concepts relating to employment interventions were extracted and linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for autism spectrum disorder. The search identified 134 studies for inclusion with methodological quality ranging from limited to strong. Of these studies, only 36 evaluated employment interventions that were coded and linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, primarily focusing on modifying autism spectrum disorder characteristics for improved job performance, with little consideration of the impact of contextual factors on work participation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for autism spectrum disorder are a useful tool in holistically examining the employment literature for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. This review highlighted the key role that environmental factors play as barriers and facilitators in the employment of people with autism spectrum disorder and the critical need for interventions which target contextual factors if employment outcomes are to be improved.
MiR-543 Promotes Migration, Invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Esophageal Cancer Cells by Targeting Phospholipase A2 Group IVA

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of miR-543 and phospholipase A2 group IVA (PLA2G4A) in cell mobility and the invasiveness cascade in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to validate the interactive relationship between miR-543 and PLA2G4A. Methods: Microarray analysis showed the different expression levels of PLA2G4A in two ESCC cell lines (KYSE30 and KYSE180). The expression levels of miR-543 and PLA2G4A in ESCC tissues were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The targeted relationship between miR-543 and PLA2G4A was studied and verified by a luciferase activity assay. Then, the invasion and metastasis ability of ESCC cell lines transfected with miR-543 mimics, miR-543 inhibitor, or PLA2G4A and miR-543 mimics were analyzed separately by Transwell migration and invasion assays. In addition, the roles of miR-543 and PLA2G4A in the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin were also investigated. Results: PLA2G4A up-regulated the level of E-cadherin and down-regulated the level of vimentin, which curbed ESCC cell mobility and invasion. In ESCC cells, the expression of miR-543 was significantly higher, whereas the expression of PLA2G4A was markedly lower. MiR-543 facilitated ESCC cell mobility and invasion by repressing PLA2G4A. Conclusions: MiR-543 enhanced the cell mobility and the invasiveness cascade in ESCC cells via the down-regulation of PLA2G4A expression.