Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paradigmatic Controversies, Contradictions, and Emerging Confluences.

n our chapter for the first edition of the Handbook of Qualitative Research, we focused on the contention among various research paradigms for legitimacy and intellectual and p;uadigmatic hegemony (Guba & Lincoln, 1994). The postmodern paradigms that we discussed (postmodernist critical theory and constructivism) 1 were in contention with the received positivist and postpositivist paradigms for legitimacy, and with one another for intellectual legitimacy. In the half dozen years that have elapsed since that chapter was published, substantial change has occurred in the landscape of social scientific inquiry. On the matter of legitimacy, we observe that readers familiar with the literature on methods and paradigms reflect a high interest in ontologies and epistemologies that differ sharply from those undergirding conventional social science. Second, even those est::~blished professionals trained in quantitative social science (including the two of us) want to learn more about qualitative approaches, because new young professionals being mentored in graduate schools are asking serious questions about and looking for guidance in qualitatively oriented studies and dissertations. Third, the number of qualitative texts, research papers, workshops, and training materials has exploded. Indeed, it would be difficult to miss the distinct turn of the social sciences tow::~rd more interpretive, postmodern, and criticalist practices and theorizing (Bloland, 1989, 1995). This nonpositivist orientation has created a context (surround) in which virtually no study can go unchallenged by proponents of contending paradigms. Further, it
Exploring the value of dignity in the work-life of nurses

In this paper the authors draw attention to the value of nurse dignity in the work-life of nurses. How does the profession currently understand this as a concept and construct? How might the valuing of worker dignity in the workplace affect the wellbeing of the workforce? A review of nursing literature and a theoretical lens on worker dignity derived from recent work by Hodson (2001) was used to explore these questions. In the context of current and international workforce issues associated with recruitment and retention, analysis of the construct of worker dignity within the profession takes on a strong imperative. The large existing body of research into nursing workplace environments highlights concern that nurses have in understanding and improving work-life quality. Findings of this inquiry reveal that while there is a degree of coherence between the nursing research and elements of Hodson’s (2001) research on worker dignity, the dignity of nurses, as a specific construct and as an intrinsic human and worker right has received little explicit attention. Reasons for this may lie partly in approaches that privilege patient dignity over nurse dignity and which rely on the altruism and self-sacrifice of nurses to sustain patient care in environments dominated by cost-control agendas. The value of dignity in the work-life of nurses has been under-explored and there is a critical need for further theoretical work and research. This agenda goes beyond acceptance of dignity in the workplace as a human right towards the recognition that worker dignity may be a critical factor in sustaining development of healthy workplaces and healthy workforces. Directing explicit attention to nurse dignity may benefit the attainment of both nurse and organisational goals. Hodson’s (2001) framework offers a new perspective on dignity in the workplace and leads to new insights and a slightly different view of a ‘road well travelled’ in nursing literature.
Evidence of two distinct degradation mechanisms from temperature dependence of negative bias stressing of the ultrathin gate p-MOSFET

A detailed investigation of the negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) of the ultrathin nitrided gate p-MOSFET over a wide temperature range reveals two different activation energies, indicating the coexistence of two distinct degradation mechanisms. One mechanism is linked to the incorporation of nitrogen while the other is the classical mechanism responsible for the degradation of conventional SiO/sub 2/ gate devices. Eliminating the contribution of the former consistently yields an Arrhenius plot that matches excellently with that obtained through direct measurement of SiO/sub 2/ gate devices. This finding shows that heavy nitridation or, in the extreme case, the adoption of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4//SiO/sub x/ gate stack does not change the nature of the classical NBTI mechanism but introduces a new degradation mechanism of an order-of-magnitude lower activation energy, which dominates over typical operating temperature range. This new mechanism is related to the spontaneous trapping of positive charges at nitrogen-related precursor sites near the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface.
Refractory calcinosis in a patient with dermatomyositis: response to intravenous immune globulin

Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory myopathy and commonly presents with progressive, symmetric proximal muscle weakness and cutaneous findings. Calcinosis is a severe manifestation that can be debilitating. The cutaneous manifestations of dermatomyositis may also develop in the absence of detectable muscle disease, and can persist after the successful treatment of myositis. The author reports a 30-year-old woman with biopsy-proven dermatomyositis who had failed previous trials of azathioprine and methotrexate. Her muscle weakness was controlled with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; however, she had recurrent attacks of painful calcinosis. The patient responded to intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) along with intravenous methylprednisone, followed by IVIG for 2 consecutive days each month. This regimen has been effective in preventing recurrence of her calcinosis. This case illustrates the cutaneous manifestation of dermatomyositis, which is often more refractory to treat as compared to the muscle involvement and require additional approaches such as IVIG.
Bacteriological Profile of Isolates From Urine Samples in Patients of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and or Prostatitis Showing Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

INTRODUCTION The incidence of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) or Prostatitis is increasing considerably worldwide. The Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) due to bacterial aetiology are one of the common factors for the complications among the patients. AIM To determine the bacterial agents and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern from the urine samples of patients of BPH or Prostatitis showing symptoms of LUTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital of Northern India from June 2014 to May 2015. A total of 105 urine specimens from patients of BPH and/ or Prostatitis were cultured by a semi-quantitative method. The isolated bacteria were identified by colony morphology, Gram's staining, motility and biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity was done according to the CLSI 2007 guidelines by disc diffusion method. Data was analysed by SPSS and Microsoft office 2007. Proportions and percentages were used as statistical measures. RESULTS The urine cultures from patients with BPH and or chronic Prostatitis, showed n=66/105 (62.85%) culture positivity. Out of 66 isolates the frequency was in following order Escherichia coli 21/66 (31.81%), Klebsiella spp 19/66 (28.78%), Staphylococcus aureus 11/66 (16.66%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.60%), Proteus spp, Enterococcus spp, Acinetobacter spp and Citrobacter spp. The most susceptible 1st, 2nd and 3rd line antibiotics for Gram negative isolates were ampicillin, amikacin and tigecycline respectively. Amongst the Gram positive isolates, the susceptible 1st, 2nd and 3rd line antibiotics were cefoxitin, vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. Multidrug resistance was seen in Escherichia coli (n=6), Klebsiella spp (n=7), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=4) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=3). CONCLUSION Based on the above findings we can say that accurate aetiology of the LUTS among the patients of BPH and/or Prostatitis is warranted to initiate the therapeutic management. Based on our study we state that the prime pathogens are E.coli, Klebsiella among Gram negative isolates and S. aureus among Gram positive. The most sensitive drugs are aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and carbepenems for Gram neagtive isolates and oxazolidinones and glycopeptides among Gram positive isolates.
Studies on Serological Cross‐Reaction in Sequential Flavivirus Infections

Acute‐ and convalescent‐phase sera from patients with dengue (DEN) hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) that contained pre‐existing flavivirus antibodies were tested for cross‐reacting antibodies to DEN, JE and yellow fever (YF) viruses by a neutralization (N) test. A fourfold or greater rise in N antibody titer in the convalescent‐phase was considered significant. Of 39 DHF cases, obtained at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand, 15 (38.5%) showed a rise in DEN antibody titer, while another 15 (38.5%) showed a significant rise in both DEN and JE N antibody titers. On the other hand, eight (61.5%) of 13 JE cases obtained at the same Hospital, showed a significant rise in JE antibody titer, while two (15.4%) showed a significant rise in both DEN and JE antibody titers. Sucrose gradient centrifugation and fractionation of these two cross‐reactive JE sera revealed that IgM class antibody was specific for JE, while IgG class antibody was cross‐reactive. Of three JE cases with pre‐existing YF antibody obtained in Okinawa, Japan, two showed a significant rise in YF and JE antibodies. Both IgM and IgG class antibodies to YF virus were elevated. These results indicate that the cross‐reactivity among flaviviruses in different subgroups (complexes), was observed quite often, even by the N test, in sequential flavivirus infection.
Low-Level Hexavalent Chromium Exposure and Rate of Mortality Among US Chromate Production Employees

Objectives: Although numerous studies have reported an elevated lung cancer risk among chromium chemical production employees, few studies have focused on employees hired after major process changes and enhanced industrial hygiene controls were implemented. Methods: This study examines the mortality experience of two postchange cohorts of chromate production employees constituting the current US chromium chemical industry. Results: Mortality among chromium chemical workers generally was lower than expected on the basis of national and state-specific referent populations. Lung cancer mortality was 16% lower than expected, with only three lung cancer deaths (3.59 expected). Conclusion: The absence of an elevated lung cancer risk may be a favorable reflection of the postchange environment. However, longer follow-up allowing an appropriate latency for the entire cohort will be needed to confirm this conclusion.
Chemo‐mechanical energy transduction in relation to myosin isoform composition in skeletal muscle fibres of the rat

1 ATP consumption and force development were determined in single skinned muscle fibres of the rat at 12 °C. Myofibrillar ATPase consumption was measured photometrically from NADH oxidation which was coupled to ATP hydrolysis. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) and light chain (MLC) isoforms were identified by gel electrophoresis. 2 Slow fibres (n= 14) containing MHCI and fast fibres (n= 18) containing MHCIIB were compared. Maximum shortening velocity was 1.02 ± 0.63 and 3.05 ± 0.23 lengths s−1, maximum power was 1.47 ± 0.22 and 9.59 ± 0.84 W l−1, and isometric ATPase activity was 0.034 ± 0.003 and 0.25 ± 0.01 mM s−1 in slow and in fast fibres, respectively. 3 In fast as well as in slow fibres ATP consumption during shortening increased above isometric ATP consumption. The increase was much greater in fast fibres than in slow fibres, but became similar when expressed relative to the isometric ATPase rate. 4 Efficiency was calculated from mechanical power and free energy change associated with ATP hydrolysis. Maximum efficiency was larger in slow than in fast fibres (0.38 ± 0.04 versus 0.28 ± 0.03) and was reached at a lower shortening velocity. 5 Within the group of fast fibres efficiency was lower in fibres which contained more MLC3f. We conclude that both MHC and essential MLC isoforms contribute to determine efficiency of chemo‐mechanical transduction.
Inhibin and oestradiol-17 beta in antral follicles of various size classes of cyclic rats.

On the various days of the 5-day oestrous cycle of the rat, ovarian antral follicles were dissected out and grouped in five size classes. Four follicles of the same size class were homogenized jointly in medium, after which inhibin-like bioactivity, inhibin immunoreactivity and oestradiol-17 beta content were measured. In general, there was a significant correlation between immunologically and biologically active inhibin levels in the different size classes; overall correlation was 0.85 (n = 87, P < 0.00001). In the smallest antral follicles (classes 1 and 2) inhibin bioactivity was detected only during the first three days of the cycle. With increasing follicle size, inhibin bioactivity and immunoreactivity increased, with maximal activity present in the largest, i.e. preovulatory, follicles (class 5) during the last three days of the cycle (the day of oestrus denotes day 1 of the cycle). These results indicate that only follicles which reach the antral stage at oestrus, and are known to be recruited by the periovulatory FSH peak, acquire the potency to produce biologically active inhibin. This is the cohort of follicles from which selection of ovulatory follicles will normally take place. In contrast to inhibin, follicular oestradiol-17 beta concentrations were negligible until the last days of the cycle when oestradiol-17 beta was present in follicles larger than class 2; levels increased with increasing follicle size and a maximal level was found in preovulatory follicles at pro-oestrus. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reading Performance of Young Adults With ADHD Diagnosed in Childhood

Objective: To study reading performance of young adults with ADHD and its relation with executive functioning. Method: Thirty young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD and 30 with normal development (ND) were compared on reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension. Furthermore, ADHD with reading disabilities (ADHD+RD) and ADHD without reading disabilities (ADHD-RD) subgroups were compared using self-report and informant-report versions of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult version (BRIEF-A). Results: Adults with ADHD obtained significantly worse results than the ND adults on reading speed, responses to literal questions, and a cloze test. Although the comparison of the ADHD+RD and ADHD-RD groups did not show significant differences on the BRIEF-A subscales, the ADHD+RD group surpassed the critical percentile (85) on more subscales, with working memory and metacognition especially affected. Conclusion: The findings point out that reading should be assessed in individuals with ADHD as part of their evaluation to design effective early interventions.
Effect of pencil grasp on the speed and legibility of handwriting after a 10-minute copy task in Grade 4 children.

AIM To investigate the impact of common pencil grasp patterns on the speed and legibility of handwriting after a 10-minute copy task, intended to induce muscle fatigue, in typically developing children and in those non-proficient in handwriting. METHODS A total of 120 Grade 4 students completed a standardised handwriting assessment before and after a 10-minute copy task. The students indicated the perceived difficulty of the handwriting task at baseline and after 10 minutes. The students also completed a self-report questionnaire regarding their handwriting proficiency upon completion. RESULTS The majority of the students rated higher effort after the 10-minute copy task than at baseline (rank sum: P = 0.00001). The effort ratings were similar for the different grasp patterns (multiple linear regression: F = 0.37, P = 0.895). For both typically developing children and those with handwriting issues, the legibility of the writing samples decreased after the 10-minute copy task but the speed of writing increased. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The quality of the handwriting decreased after the 10-minute copy task; however, there was no difference in the quality or speed scores among the different pencil grasps before and after the copy task. The dynamic tripod pencil grasp did not offer any advantage over the lateral tripod or the dynamic or lateral quadrupod pencil grasps in terms of quality of handwriting after a 10-minute copy task. These four pencil grasp patterns performed equivalently. Our findings question the practice of having students adopt the dynamic tripod pencil grasp.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease associated with a deletion of two repeats in the prion protein gene

A two-octapeptide repeat deletion of the prion protein gene has been recently observed in a patient with a 2-year history of dementia and a clinical diagnosis of possible Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). The authors report a similar deletion in a patient with a definitive diagnosis of CJD. Since the two-repeat deletion has not been observed in large, population-based studies, the two cases suggest that this deletion is a new pathogenic mutation associated with CJD.
Whither the evolution of the contemporary social fabric? New technologies and old socio‐economic trends

The reflections which follow build on two interrelated questions, namely, first, whether we are witnessing another "industrial revolution", and second, what is the impact of technological transformations upon the current dynamics of the socio-economic fabric, especially with respect to employment, income distribution, working conditions and labour relations. We argue that the processes of innovation and diffusion of what we could call "intelligent automation" are likely to change, or more likely reinforce, the patterns of distribution of income and power, which have been there well before the arrival of the technologies we are concerned about: some are indeed intrinsic features of capitalism since its inception, while others are features of the last thirtyforty years. First, we shall offer a fresco of such tendencies which certainly preceded any potential "Fourth Industrial Revolution" but are going to be amplified by the latter. Second, we discuss the features of such possible new techno-economic paradigms. Third, we examine the relationships between technology, productivity and growth, and the ensuing impact on jobs, division of labour, distribution of knowledge, power, and control. Finally, we address some policy implications.
Working Memory and Decision-Making in a Frontoparietal Circuit Model

Working memory (WM) and decision-making (DM) are fundamental cognitive functions involving a distributed interacting network of brain areas, with the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) at the core. However, the shared and distinct roles of these areas and the nature of their coordination in cognitive function remain poorly understood. Biophysically based computational models of cortical circuits have provided insights into the mechanisms supporting these functions, yet they have primarily focused on the local microcircuit level, raising questions about the principles for distributed cognitive computation in multiregional networks. To examine these issues, we developed a distributed circuit model of two reciprocally interacting modules representing PPC and PFC circuits. The circuit architecture includes hierarchical differences in local recurrent structure and implements reciprocal long-range projections. This parsimonious model captures a range of behavioral and neuronal features of frontoparietal circuits across multiple WM and DM paradigms. In the context of WM, both areas exhibit persistent activity, but, in response to intervening distractors, PPC transiently encodes distractors while PFC filters distractors and supports WM robustness. With regard to DM, the PPC module generates graded representations of accumulated evidence supporting target selection, while the PFC module generates more categorical responses related to action or choice. These findings suggest computational principles for distributed, hierarchical processing in cortex during cognitive function and provide a framework for extension to multiregional models. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Working memory and decision-making are fundamental “building blocks” of cognition, and deficits in these functions are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. These cognitive functions engage distributed networks with prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) at the core. It is not clear, however, what the contributions of PPC and PFC are in light of the computations that subserve working memory and decision-making. We constructed a biophysical model of a reciprocally connected frontoparietal circuit that revealed shared and distinct functions for the PFC and PPC across working memory and decision-making tasks. Our parsimonious model connects circuit-level properties to cognitive functions and suggests novel design principles beyond those of local circuits for cognitive processing in multiregional brain networks.
[Age-dependent distribution of Langerhans cells within human conjunctival epithelium].

Non-pathological conjunctival specimens (240) were used for evaluation of Langerhans cell (LC) numbers per square millimeter. Of the 240, 60 were taken from each of four age groups (1-20 years, 21-40 years, 41-60 years, 61 years and older). In each group, 20 came from the bulbar conjunctiva (lateral superior), 20 from the fornix region (central superior), and 20 from the palpebral conjunctiva (central inferior). Quantitative analysis was carried out with the Langerhans-specific anti-CD1a antibody using APAAP method. Additionally, 40 conjunctival specimens were stained with the Tü 36 (all HLA/DR Ag) and the Tü 39 (all HLA/DR, -/DP Ag). A basic decline in the density of LC cells corresponding to advancing age of the tissue donors was found in all three regions studied (< or = 20 years: 4.4 LC/mm2; > 60 years: 1.2 LC/mm2). The largest number of LC (4.7 LC/mm2) was found in the palpebral conjunctiva (central inferior); 3.1 LC/mm2 were found in the fornix (central superior) and 1.0 LC/mm2 in the bulbar conjunctiva (lateral superior). As an antigen-presenting cell, the LC plays an important role in immune reactions in the area of the superficial ocular epithelium. The data gained here can serve as a basis for studies of pathological tissue since, as is known from dermatological research, firm relationships exist between specific inflammatory or tumorous diseases and LC density in the affected organs. Moreover, a direct connection is to be assumed between the success of transplantation and LC density in allogenic conjunctival grafts.