Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loss of Oct-3/4 Expression in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells Is Associated with Induction of Cisplatin Resistance

Although the majority of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are curable by cisplatin-based chemotherapy, in a few cases, the occurrence of cisplatin resistance results in a poor outcome. The biological basis of this differential cisplatin sensitivity in TGCTs remains largely unexplained. Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells represent the presumptive tumor stem cells in nonseminomatous TGCTs and are known to express the embryonal transcription factor Oct-3/4 and to be hypersensitive to cisplatin. In the present study, we analyzed TGCT cell lines and nude mouse xenografts showing differential cisplatin sensitivity. Here we demonstrate that a lack of expression of Oct-3/4 in TGCT cells is associated with a higher apoptotic threshold and cisplatin resistance which is accompanied by an impaired caspase-9 activation, reduced caspase-3 activity and altered p53 accumulation. We were able to induce loss of Oct-3/4 in a cisplatin-sensitive EC cell line resulting in a secondary cisplatin-resistant cell type with retained EC cell characteristics and changes in apoptotic signaling identical to those in primary resistant cells. Furthermore, we show that EC cells are retained in their undifferentiated state by Oct-3/4 and that a complete and ultimate loss of Oct-3/4 followed by an early differentiation step is necessary to establish the cisplatin-resistant state. Our data suggest that loss of Oct-3/4 expression leads to induction of a higher apoptotic threshold and to cisplatin resistance in EC cells of nonseminomatous TGCTs. We hypothesize that in refractory TGCTs the original tumor stem cell population of Oct-3/4-positive, cisplatin-sensitive EC cells could be replaced by an Oct-3/4-negative, resistant population in a selection process. In contrast, the presence of the Oct-3/4-positive, highly sensitive EC cells as the tumor stem cell component in most TGCTs could explain the general high chemosensitivity and curability of these tumors.
Continuous expression of Otx in the anterior neural lineage is supported by different transcriptional regulatory mechanisms during the development of Halocynthia roretzi

The process of establishing the anterior–posterior axis is an important event in the development of bilateral animals. Otx, which encodes a homeodomain transcription factor, is continuously expressed in the anterior part of the embryo in a wide range of animals. This pattern of expression is thought to be important for the formation of anterior neural structures, but the regulatory mechanism that sustains the expression is not known. Here, using embryos of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, we investigated how the transcription of Otx is maintained in the cells of the anterior neural lineage during embryogenesis. We identified an enhancer region sufficient to mimic the Otx expression pattern from the gastrula to tailbud stages. Several putative transcription factor binding sites that are required for generating the Otx expression pattern were also identified. Distinct sets of sites were required at different developmental stages, suggesting that distinct transcriptional mechanisms regulate Otx transcription in each of the gastrula, neurula and tailbud stages. Along with previous studies on the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of Otx during the pre‐gastrula stages, the present results provide the first overview of the mechanism that sustains Otx expression in the anterior neural lineage during ascidian embryogenesis and demonstrate the complexity of a developmental mechanism that maintains Otx transcription.
M3 Muscarinic Receptors Mediate Positive Inotropic Responses in Mouse Atria: A Study with Muscarinic Receptor Knockout Mice

The potential functional roles of M3 muscarinic receptors in mouse atria were examined by pharmacological and molecular biological techniques, using wild-type mice, muscarinic M2 or M3 receptor single knockout (M2KO, M3KO), and M2 and M3 muscarinic receptor double knockout mice (M2/M3KO). Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the M2 receptor mRNA was expressed predominantly in mouse atria but that the M1, M3, M4, and M5 receptor subtypes were also expressed at low levels. Carbachol (10 nM–30 μM) decreased the spontaneous beating frequency of right atria isolated from wild-type mice. Studies with subtype-preferring antagonists and atria from M2KO mice confirmed that this activity is mediated by the M2 receptor subtype. In left atria from wild-type mice, carbachol decreased the amplitude of electrical field stimulation-evoked contractions (negative inotropic action), but this inhibition was transient and was followed by a gradual increase in contraction amplitude (positive inotropic response). In atria from M3KO mice, the transient negative inotropic action of carbachol changed to a sustained negative inotropic action. In contrast, in atria from M2KO mice, carbachol showed only positive inotropic activity. In atria from M2/M3 double KO mice, carbachol was devoid of any inotropic activity. These observations, complemented by functional studies with subtype-preferring antagonists, convincingly demonstrate that atrial M3 muscarinic receptors mediate positive inotropic effects in mouse atria. Physiologically, this activity may serve to dampen the inhibitory effects of M2 receptor activation on atrial contractility.
Estimaciones de elasticidades de demanda para carnes y pescado en Argentina

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar los cambios en el consumo de carne a traves de la estimacion de un sistema completo de demanda para los principales tipos de carnes. El modelo propuesto es el QUAIDS, cuadratico en el logaritmo del ingreso. La estimacion se realiza en dos etapas, de acuerdo con la propuesta de Shonkwiller y Yen (1999), a fin de contemplar el gran numero de hogares con consumo cero en cada categoria de gasto. Siguiendo a Cox y Wohlgenant (1986) se emplean precios implicitos ajustados por calidad y finalmente se corrige la endogeneidad en la variable gasto estimando por variables instrumentales. Los datos corresponden a las ENGH para Argentina de 1996/7, 2004/5 y 2012/3. Se calculan las elasticidades precio y gasto para cada periodo y se analizan los cambios en el comportamiento de consumo de los hogares.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON BRUCELLOSIS ON CAMELS AT BEHIRA PROVINCE

In this study766 blood samples were collected, 679 from camels before slaughtering and 87 samples from contact camels with farm animals. The different serological tests indicated percentages of seroreactors in Rose Bengal test, Buffered acidified plate test, Tube agglutination test, Mercaptoethanol test, Rivanol test, and Enzyme immunosorbant assay test were, 8.74, 9.53, 9.92, 8.09, 8.87, and 9.26 % respectively. The high incidence according the number tested may be due to many factors such as: 1-Escaping of some imported positive reactors during quarantine measures, 2-Lacking of a national program for eradication including periodical testing and slaughtering of reactors. 3-Absence of a vaccination program for camels according to Egyptian field strains and which proved with imported camels. At the same time this study throw a strong light on that camels should be included in the national program for control and eradication of brucellosis in Egypt, especially, this disease could be transmitted from animals or their products to human.
Difference in the expression of CIRBP, RBM3 and HSP70 in the myocardium and cerebellum after death by hypothermia and carbon monoxide poisoning

We studied the expression of hypoxia-related antigens (e.g., cold-inducible antigens and apoptotic antigens) in the myocardium and the cerebellumthat were obtained from individuals after death by carbon monoxide or hypothermia. The immunohistochemistry results revealed that expression of cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRBP) and RNA-binding protein 3 (RBM3) may be associated with hpyothermic and the hypoxic conditions. The expression of CIRBP and RBM3 in the myocardium was different from their expression in the cerebellum, especially in the Purkinje cells. The results indicate that agonal duration influences antigen expression. In the hypothermic condition, the myocardium uses more ATP since the force of the excitation-contraction coupling of the myocardium increases by more than 400% when the experimental temperature is reduced from 35°C to 25°C. The results obtained in this study indicate that physicians should pay attention to the myocardium when cooling the patient's body to protect the brain. Key W ords: carbon monoxide death, cerebellum, CIRBP, hypothermic death, myocardium, RBM3.
Space shuttle model: A physics inspired method for learning quantizable deep representations

Recent advance of large scale similarity search involves using deeply learned representations to improve the search accuracy and use vector quantization methods to increase the search speed. However, how to learn deep representations that both strongly preserve similarities between data pairs and can be accurately quantized via vector quantization remains a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel physics based method named space shuttle model (SSM) to learn effective deep representations that can be accurately quantized. It consider network output as a roaming space shuttle “propelled” by similarity loss and subject to “gravitational forces” from quantization codewords. SSM is related to momentum methods commonly used in deep learning but is applied on network outputs instead of network parameters. Experimental results on large scale similarity search demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Current Issues in Pediatric Sports Concussion

This article reviews current issues in the following areas of pediatric sports-related concussion: incidence of concussion, potential long-term effects, return to play, and the emergence of legislation regarding concussion education and management programs. Incidence of concussion is presented in context of emergency room visits, as well as under-reporting of concussions. The literature on history of concussion is reviewed, for high school, collegiate, and professional athletes, with respect to potential long-term effects of cerebral concussion. Specific discussions of effects include: decreased cognition and increased symptom reporting following multiple concussions, and recent diagnoses of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in non-professional and youth athletes. Recent legislative and advocacy efforts are reviewed, including mandated programs in specific states.
Detection of bacterial DNA by PCR in dogs with stifle pathology.

OBJECTIVE To determine presence of bacterial DNA in canine stifles with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) and medial patellar luxation (MPL) compared to normal canine stifles (control). STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 44). METHODS Dogs of varying age, breed, sex, and weight residing in California were assessed for stifle pathology (CCLR, MPL, or normal control). Synovial fluid of all stifles was assessed for the presence of bacterial DNA using broad-ranging 16S rRNA primers and PCR. RESULTS Bacterial DNA was detected in normal control stifles and those with CCLR and MPL. There were no statistical differences in the copy numbers of bacterial DNA in the stifle synovial fluid among groups (P > .05); however, synovial fluid specimens from dogs with stifle pathology (CCLR and MPL combined) tended to have higher copy numbers of bacterial DNA than those from controls (P = .06). There was no significant difference in the number of bacterial DNA between the CCLR and MPL groups (P = .57). The copy numbers of bacterial DNA had a weak positive significant correlation with the duration of lameness in CCLR group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Increased detection of bacterial DNA in the stifle synovial fluid may indicate joint pathology but not be directly linked to a specific joint disease.
Shadowing for actions of some finitely generated groups

We introduce a notion of shadowing property for actions of finitely generated groups and study its basic properties. We formulate and prove a shadowing lemma for actions of nilpotent groups. We construct an example of a faithful linear action of a solvable Baumslag–Solitar group and show that the shadowing property depends on quantitative characteristics of hyperbolicity. Finally, we show that any linear action of a non-abelian free group does not have the shadowing property.
Self-reported changes in drug and alcohol use after becoming homeless.

OBJECTIVES We identified substance use patterns and factors associated with increased substance use after users become homeless. METHODS We carried out a 2-city, community-based survey that used population-proportionate sampling of 91 sites with random selection at each site. RESULTS Five hundred thirty-one adults were interviewed; 78.3% of them met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition criteria for substance abuse or dependence. Most of those who met the criteria reported using drugs and alcohol less since they became homeless, commonly because they were in recovery. Factors independently associated with increased use were no health insurance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 2.58), alcohol abuse or dependence (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.85, 6.78), and selling plasma (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.32, 5.14) or panhandling (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.65, 5.55) to acquire drugs. CONCLUSIONS Becoming homeless plays a role in self-reported substance use. Multiservice treatment programs and tailored interventions for homeless persons are needed.
The Attractive Female Body Weight and Female Body Dissatisfaction in 26 Countries Across 10 World Regions: Results of the International Body Project I

This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small across high-socioeconomic-status (SES) sites. Within cultures, heavier bodies were preferred in low-SES sites compared to high-SES sites in Malaysia and South Africa (ds = 1.94-2.49) but not in Austria. Participant age, body mass index (BMI), and Western media exposure predicted body weight ideals. BMI and Western media exposure predicted body dissatisfaction among women. Our results show that body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness is commonplace in high-SES settings across world regions, highlighting the need for international attention to this problem.
Archean gold mineralization synchronous with the final stages of cratonization, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia

Sm-Nd ages of pegmatite dikes that crosscut gold-bearing structures in the southern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, provide minimum age constraints of 2640 6 11 Ma, 2628 6 10 Ma, and 2620 6 36 Ma for gold mineralization at the Westonia and Nevoria (Yellowdine Terrane) and Scotia (Norseman Terrane) gold deposits, respectively. Similarly, a post‐gold mineralization dike at Westonia has a U-Pb zircon age of 2637 68 Ma. Theseconstraintsareconsistentwith,andprovidefurthersupportfor,suggestionsthatthe majority of gold deposits in the Yilgarn Craton formed during a regionally extensive gold mineralization event at ca. 2630 Ma (i.e., 2630 6 ’10 Ma). In combination with recent geochronological results, these data also provide further evidence that, although mineralization appears to significantly postdate the majority of magmatic and metamorphic activity at higher crustal levels, widespread thermal reworking of the lower-middle crust, involvingpartialmelting,amphibolitetogranulitefaciesmetamorphism,andlowercrustal granitoid intrusion, occurred concurrently with gold mineralization at ca. 2630 Ma. It is probable that the large-scale hydrothermalfluidflow that produced widespread gold deposition was also part of this tectonothermal event. Models developed for other Archean terranes whereby gold mineralization postdates formation and cratonization of host granite-greenstone terranes, and is therefore unrelated to these processes, are not required to explain the timing of the majority of gold deposits in the Yilgarn Craton.
Fast BEM for Eddy-Current Problems Using H-matrices and ACA

The paper presents numerical experiments in applying a new technique for matrix compression and preconditioning in BEM-based eddy-current analysis. Following these procedures, the classical problems of BEM approaches for eddy-currents analysis in industrial applications, such as large memory requirements and solver instability (ill-conditioning), are significantly reduced. The algorithm, based on the hierarchical matrix arithmetic and adaptive cross approximation techniques, efficiently compresses the BEM matrix and produces a very important additional feature - a cheap and effective matrix preconditioner. The efficiency of this new technique is tested on various numerical examples and compared with other similar existing techniques (fast multipoles method)
Effects of acetazolamide on cerebrovascular function and breathing stability at 5050 m

• Acetazolamide improves breathing stability during sleep in newcomers to high altitude, but the mechanism remains unclear. • We examined the effects of a single i.v. dose of acetazolamide on brain vascular function and breathing at sea level and following 7 days at high altitude (5050 m). • We demonstrated that acute i.v. acetazolamide at high altitude enhances the brain blood flow response to changes in CO2 and improves breathing stability. • We speculate that the enhanced brain blood flow responses following acetazolamide ingestion may account for the well‐documented acetazolamide‐induced improvement in abnormal breathing at high altitude.
Adeno‐associated virus‐mediated gene transfer of a secreted form of TRAIL inhibits tumor growth and occurrence in an experimental tumor model

Tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces cell death in various tumor cells, but relatively spares normal cells. Recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vectors have a number of advantages including in vivo long‐term gene expression. Here, we assessed the biological activity of a novel, secreted form of TRAIL (sTRAIL) for cancer gene therapy using a rAAV2 vector.
Accounting for within‐patient correlation in assessing relative sensitivity of an adjunctive diagnostic test: Application to lung cancer

We address the comparison of results between two diagnostic tests applied multiple times to the same subjects. The estimand of interest is the sensitivity of the combined test (primary and adjunct) relative to a primary test. Analytical methods are first described that assume independence between the multiple observations within a subject. In order to account for the within‐subject correlation introduced by the multiple measurements, analytical approaches for correlated, categorical response data are described. In the discussion of these methods, we pay particular attention to the presence of a structural zero which results from the decision rule for the combination of diagnostic tests. In a simulation study, we compare the finite sample performances of all analytical approaches in terms of confidence interval coverage rates and median lengths. Our methods are cast in the context of a diagnostic bronchoscopy technology for the detection of lung cancer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presence of CD45RO+ CD34+ cells with collagen synthesis activity in nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy: a new pathogenic hypothesis

radiotherapy, particularly at high doses. However, subcutaneous calcification is rare. Chest wall calcification has been described following fractionated radiotherapy in the chest wall and anterior supraclavicular fields as an additional treatment following surgery for breast cancer. Calcification over the sacrum has been described following radical radiotherapy in addition to surgery for cervical cancer. All cases described a radiation field overlap, thus magnifying the existing high dose of radiation to the skin. Also, as in our patient, this complication became clinically apparent many years after the initial radiotherapy, in some cases over 20 years later. The mechanism is most likely to represent the model of dystrophic calcification secondary to local trauma. Radiation causes cell membrane damage, leading to a massive influx of calcium. The calcium then crystallizes in the mitochondria, leading to failure of cell respiration and further cell necrosis. It is still unclear why this process takes many years to become clinically apparent, although chronic hypoxia from damage to blood vessels may play a role. The only study of treatment for localized dystrophic calcification, by Meline et al. in 1975, looked at the clinical course and treatment of three patients with subcutaneous calcification on the leg, one following a burn injury, and two others following voluntary injection of essence of turpentine. Tentative surgical removal led to recurrence and subsequent ulceration of the areas. Therefore complete surgical resection of the calcified area was recommended if the area had become ulcerated, suggesting that symptoms should be severe before such treatment be considered. In our patient we feel that despite the risks associated with extensive resection of the calcified area, she has had a good cosmetic and functional outcome from previous similar surgery. Therefore, increasing discomfort affecting her everyday activities and quality of life are good reasons for proceeding with additional surgery, and she is currently awaiting further surgical intervention. The long latency of this complication of radiotherapy in a cohort of patients who received high doses of radiation in the 1970s may prompt more to consult dermatologists over the next few years with similar symptoms. As the condition is known to progress to skin ulceration and increasing discomfort, we would suggest that surgical intervention should be considered for patients presenting in a similar manner, perhaps at an earlier stage than when ulcerated, as previously recommended.
Cost-effectiveness of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: Randomised controlled trial

Background Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective for treating anxiety and depression in primary care, but there is a shortage of therapists. Computer-delivered treatment may be a viable alternative. Aims To assess the cost-effectiveness of computer-delivered CBT. Method A sample of people with depression or anxiety were randomised to usual care (n = 128) or computer-delivered CBT (n = 146). Costs were available for 123 and 138 participants, respectively. Costs and depression scores were combined using the net benefit approach. Results Service costs were £40 (90% CI-£28 to £148) higher over 8 months for computer-delivered CBT. Lost-employment costs were £407 (90% CI £196 to £586) less for this group. Valuing a 1-unit improvement on the Beck Depression Inventory at £40, there is an 81% chance that computer-delivered CBT is cost-effective, and it revealed a highly competitive cost per quality-adjusted life year. Conclusions Computer-delivered CBT has a high probability of being cost-effective, even if a modest value is placed on unit improvements in depression.