Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of oryzanol isolated from crude rice bran oil in experimental model of diabetic neuropathy

Several studies have implicated the involvement of poor glycemic control and oxidative/nitrosative stress in the development of diabetic neuropathic pain, an important microvascular complication affecting more than 50% of diabetic patients. However, lack of understanding of the underlying etiology, development of tolerance, inadequate relief and possible toxicity associated with classical analgesics warrant the investigation of the novel agents. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of oryzanol (OZ), a commercially-important potent antioxidant component isolated from from crude rice bran oil (cRBO), in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats. After eight weeks, diabetic rats developed neuropathy which was evident from decreased tail-flick latency (thermal hyperalgesia) and increased nociceptive behavior during the formalin test. This was accompanied by decreased motor coordination based on the evaluation of neuromuscular strength. Na+ K+ ATPase, a biochemical marker associated with the development of diabetic neuropathy, was significantly inhibited in the sciatic nerve of diabetic animals. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels were significantly elevated in diabetic rats, indicating the involvement of oxidative stress in diabetic neuropathy. Chronic treatment with oryzanol (OZ) (50 and 100 mg/kg) per oral (p.o.) and standard drug glibenclamide (Gl) (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuated the behavioral as well as biochemical changes associated with diabetic neuropathy. The findings provide experimental evidence to the protective effects of OZ on hyperglycemia-induced thermal hyperalgesia and oxidative stress which might be responsible for diabetes induced nerve damage.
Methylation‐dependent transcriptional repression of RUNX3 by KCNQ1OT1 regulates mouse cardiac microvascular endothelial cell viability and inflammatory response following myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major contributor to death and disability throughout the world. Increasing evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the progression of MI. Here, we hypothesized that lncRNA potassium voltage‐gated channel subfamily q member 1 overlapping transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) could affect the development of MI via regulation of Runt‐related transcription factor (RUNX)3 by methylation. Initially, by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, an acute MI (AMI) mouse model was established to collect the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs), which revealed a high KCNQ1OT1 expression and a low RUNX3 expression with its high methylation. After that, KCNQ1OT1 knockdown or RUNX3 overexpression were transduced into the CMECs in order to detect their role in CMEC proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Moreover, we assessed their interaction with the inflammatory Notch pathway, by determining the expression of Jagged 1, Hey1, Hes1, Notch intracellular domain, and Notch1. It was observed that after KCNQ1OT1 knockdown, the proliferation of AMI‐CMECs was promoted, whereas their apoptosis was inhibited, accompanied by reduced level of inflammatory factors. These trends could also be achieved by RUNX3 overexpression via the Notch pathway. Finally, the regulation of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1‐dependent methylation in RUNX3 by KCNQ1OT1 was determined, suggesting that KCNQ1OT1 could result in down‐regulated RUNX3 expression through promoted RUNX3 methylation caused by recruiting DNMT1. Overall, this study demonstrates that KCNQ1OT1 silencing inhibits RUNX3 methylation, thereby offering protection against CMEC injury and inflammatory response in AMI, which may serve as a promising target for the disease treatment. —Wang Y. , Yang X. , Jiang A. , Wang W. , Li, J., Wen, J. Methylation‐dependent transcriptional repression of RUNX3 by KCNQ1OT1 regulates mouse cardiac microvascular endothelial cell viability and inflammatory response following myocardial infarction. FASEB J. 33, 13145–13160 (2019). www.fasebj. org
Intermediate Dose Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for Thrombosis Prophylaxis: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis

Abstract Different doses of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) are registered and used for thrombosis prophylaxis. We assessed benefits and harms of thrombosis prophylaxis with a predefined intermediate-dose LMWH compared with placebo or no treatment in patients at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We performed a systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses (TSA) following The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase were searched up to December 2018. Trials were evaluated for risk of bias and quality of evidence was assessed following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Seventy randomized trials with 34,046 patients were included. Eighteen (26%) had overall low risk of bias. There was a small statistically significant effect of LMWH on all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR]: 0.96; TSA-adjusted confidence interval [TSA-adjusted CI]: 0.94–0.98) which disappeared in sensitivity analyses excluding ambulatory cancer patients (RR: 0.99; TSA-adjusted CI: 0.84–1.16). There was moderate-quality evidence for a statistically significant beneficial effect on symptomatic VTE (odds ratio [OR]: 0.59; TSA-adjusted CI: 0.53–0.67; number needed to treat [NNT]: 76; 95% CI: 60–106) and a statistically significant harmful effect on major bleeding (Peto OR: 1.66; TSA-adjusted CI: 1.31–2.10; number needed to harm [NNH]: 212; 95% CI: 142–393). There were no significant intervention effects on serious adverse events. The use of intermediate-dose LMWH for thrombosis prophylaxis compared with placebo or no treatment was associated with a small statistically significant reduction of all-cause mortality that disappeared in sensitivity analyses excluding trials that evaluated LMWH for anticancer treatment. Intermediate-dose LMWH provides benefits in terms of VTE prevention while it increases major bleeding.
Human biological variation in sesamoid bone prevalence: the curious case of the fabella

The fabella is a sesamoid bone located in the gastrocnemius behind the lateral femoral condyle. In humans, fabellae are 3.5 times more common today than they were 100 years ago, with prevalence rates varying between and within populations. In particular, fabellae have been assumed to be more common in Asians than non‐Asians, equally common in men and women, potentially more common in older individuals, and bilateral cases (one per knee) appear to be more common than unilateral ones. The roles of genetic and environmental factors in this phenotypic variation have been hypothesized, but not rigorously investigated. Given its clinical and evolutionary significance (i.e. being associated with several knee ailments, causing medical issues on its own, interfering with medical devices, and being less common in humans than in other mammals), it is important comprehensively to understand prevalence rate variation, and the roles of genetics and environmental factors in that variation. To address these questions, we performed a meta‐analysis on data from studies published from 1875 to 2018 to investigate possible variation in sexual dimorphic (n = 22 studies, 7911 knees), ontogenetic (n = 10 studies, 4391 knees), and global (n = 65 studies, 21 626 knees) fabella prevalence rates. In addition, we investigated what proportion of cases are bilateral (n = 37 studies, 900 individuals), and among unilateral cases (n = 20 studies, 204 individuals), if fabellae are more common in the left or right knee. Our results show that, today, fabellae are 2.47–2.60% more common in men than women, and prevalence rates increase ontogenetically in old age (i.e. 70 years old), implying that fabellae can ossify early (i.e. 12 years old) or late in life. Approximately 72.94% of cases are bilateral, and among unilateral ones, fabellae are equally common in right and left knees. There is marked regional variation in fabella prevalence rates, with rates being highest in Asia, followed by Oceania, South America, Europe, Middle East, and North America, and lowest in Africa. Worldwide, an average of 36.80% of knees has ossified fabellae detectable by dissection. These results imply that, while the ability to form a fabella may be genetically controlled, the mechanisms that trigger fabella ossification may be environmentally controlled. What these environmental factors are, can only be speculated.
Maternal Cardiovascular Complications at the Time of Delivery and Subsequent Re-Hospitalization in the United States, 2010 to 2016.

AIMS Cardiovascular (CV) complications are the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. The objective was to estimate trends in incidence of peripartum CV complications in the United States between 2010-2016. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective analyses using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We included women with delivery codes consistent with delivery, weighted to a national estimate. The primary outcome was the age-adjusted incidence of CV complications among all deliveries, including complications that occurred during re-hospitalizations. Complications were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate time trends and complications were stratified by type. The secondary outcome was in-hospital maternal death among women with a CV complication. We identified a weighted estimate of 27,408,652 women hospitalized for delivery from 2010 to 2016. Including all years, the complication incidence was 7.36/1,000 births (95% CI 7.18, 7.54), with an estimated annual percentage change of 5.8% (95% CI 3.7%, 7.8%). Cardiac dysrhythmia was the most common complication (3.98/1,000 births [95% CI 3.88, 4.08]) and acute myocardial infarction was the least common complication (0.11/1,000 births [95% CI 0.10, 0.11]). The incidence of hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest increased over time, the incidence of congestive heart failure and acute cerebrovascular disease remained stable, the incidence of pulmonary heart disease increased from 2015 onward, and the incidence of cardiac dysrhythmia decreased in 2016. Complications during re-hospitalization accounted for 13.6% (95% CI 13.2%, 14.1%) of all complications and was highest for acute myocardial infarction (28.1% [95% CI 23.2, 33.1]). Among women with any complication, the mortality rate was 1.20 (95% CI 1.11, 1.29) per 100 complications. CONCLUSION Our analyses suggest the rate of peripartum CV complications are increasing in the United States, which highlights the need for active efforts in research and prevention.
A systematic review of complementary and alternative medicine in oncology: Psychological and physical effects of manipulative and body-based practices

Background Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) are widely used by cancer patients, despite limited evidence of efficacy. Manipulative and body-based practices are some of the most commonly used CAM. This systematic review evaluates their benefits in oncology. Method A systematic literature review was carried out with no restriction of language, time, cancer location or type. PubMed, CENTRAL, PsycArticle, PsychInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and SOCindex were queried. Inclusion criteria were adult cancer patients and randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing manipulative and body-based complementary practices on psychological and symptom outcomes. Effect size was calculated when applicable. Results Of 1624 articles retrieved, 41 articles were included: massage (24), reflexology (11), acupressure (6). Overall, 25 studies showed positive and significant effects on symptom outcomes (versus 9 that did not), especially pain and fatigue. Mixed outcomes were found for quality of life (8 papers finding a significant effect vs. 10 which did not) and mood (14 papers vs. 13). In most studies, there was a high risk of bias with a mean Jadad score of 2, making interpretation of results difficult. Conclusion These results seem to indicate that manipulative CAM may be effective on symptom management in cancer. However, more robust methodologies are needed. The methodological requirements of randomized controlled trials are challenging, and more informative results may be provided by more pragmatic study design.
Surfactant delivery in rat lungs: Comparing 3D geometrical simulation model with experimental instillation

Surfactant Replacement Therapy (SRT), which involves instillation of a liquid-surfactant mixture directly into the lung airway tree, is a major therapeutic treatment in neonatal patients with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This procedure has proved to be remarkably effective in premature newborns, inducing a five-fold decrease of mortality in the past 35 years. Disappointingly, its use in adults for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) experienced initial success followed by failures. Our recently developed numerical model has demonstrated that transition from success to failure of SRT in adults could, in fact, have a fluid mechanical origin that is potentially reversible. Here, we present the first numerical simulations of surfactant delivery into a realistic asymmetric conducting airway tree of the rat lung and compare them with experimental results. The roles of dose volume (VD), flow rate, and multiple aliquot delivery are investigated. We find that our simulations of surfactant delivery in rat lungs are in good agreement with our experimental data. In particular, we show that the monopodial architecture of the rat airway tree plays a major role in surfactant delivery, contributing to the poor homogeneity of the end distribution of surfactant. In addition, we observe that increasing VD increases the amount of surfactant delivered to the acini after losing a portion to coating the involved airways, the coating cost volume, VCC. Finally, we quantitatively assess the improvement resulting from a multiple aliquot delivery, a method sometimes employed clinically, and find that a much larger fraction of surfactant reaches the alveolar regions in this case. This is the first direct qualitative and quantitative comparison of our numerical model with experimental studies, which enhances our previous predictions in adults and neonates while providing a tool for predicting, engineering, and optimizing patient-specific surfactant delivery in complex situations.
Effect of Betaine on Reducing Body Fat—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Animal studies have shown the beneficial effect of betaine supplementation on reducing body fat, while the data from human studies are controversial and inconsistent. The objective of the present systematic review was to investigate the effects of betaine intervention on treating obesity in humans and quantitatively evaluate the pooled effects based on randomized controlled trials with a meta-analysis. The PubMed and Scopus databases, and the Cochrane Library, were searched up to September 2019. Weighted mean differences were calculated for net changes in obesity-related indices by using a random-effects model. Publication bias was estimated using Begg’s test. Six studies with 195 participants were identified. Betaine supplementation significantly reduced the total body fat mass (−2.53 kg; 95% CI: −3.93, −0.54 kg; I2 = 6.6%, P = 0.36) and body fat percentage (−2.44%; 95% CI: −4.20, −0.68%; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.44). No changes were observed regarding body weight (−0.29 kg; 95% CI: −1.48, 0.89 kg; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.99) and body mass index (−0.10 kg/m2; 95% CI: −5.13, 0.31 kg/m2; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.84). The results suggested that dietary betaine supplementation might be an effective approach for reducing body fat.
The prevention of arboviral diseases using mobile devices: a preliminary study of the attitudes and behaviour change produced by educational interventions

In Brazil, the National Policy for Dengue Control seeks to incorporate the lessons of national and international experience in dengue control, emphasising the need for health education activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to the prevention of arboviruses before and after a two‐month educational intervention using a learning platform on mobile devices.
Predictors and Clinical Outcomes in Empyema Thoracis Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is widely used for the treatment of empyema. We evaluated clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, and thoracentesis to assess patients in the emergency department (ED) with empyema thoracis, undergoing VATS to identify predictors of adverse outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing records of ED patients with pleural empyema admitted for VATS from January 2007 to June 2014. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, and laboratory examinations were compared for survivors (Group I) and non-survivors (Group II). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify parameters related to postoperative mortality. Results: From 380 patients, 7.6% (n = 29) died postoperatively. Survivors and non-survivors exhibited differences in age, gender, presence of cough, dyspnea, chest pain, empyema stage, cerebrovascular disease, malignancy, the glucose level of pleural fluid, serum hemoglobin, platelet count, blood urea nitrogen, and potassium levels. The logistic analysis demonstrated that the most significant factor related to the postoperative morbidity is chest pain (p = 0.018). Conclusions: VATS could be a safe option for pediatric and geriatric patients. Age does not appear to affect postoperative mortality. A high degree of awareness is essential for perioperative management and early surgical treatment when ED patients present with the clinical symptom of chest pain.
C3orf70 Is Involved in Neural and Neurobehavioral Development

Neurogenesis is the process by which undifferentiated progenitor cells develop into mature and functional neurons. Defects in neurogenesis are associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders; therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis can advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders and facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis to identify common targets of the proneural transcription factors Neurog1/2 and Ascl1 during neurogenesis of human and mouse stem cells. We successfully identified C3orf70 as a novel common target gene of Neurog1/2 and Ascl1 during neurogenesis. Using in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that c3orf70a and c3orf70b, two orthologs of C3orf70, were expressed in the midbrain and hindbrain of zebrafish larvae. We generated c3orf70 knockout zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and demonstrated that loss of c3orf70 resulted in significantly decreased expression of the mature neuron markers elavl3 and eno2. We also found that expression of irx3b, a zebrafish ortholog of IRX3 and a midbrain/hindbrain marker, was significantly reduced in c3orf70 knockout zebrafish. Finally, we demonstrated that neurobehaviors related to circadian rhythm and altered light–dark conditions were significantly impaired in c3orf70 knockout zebrafish. These results suggest that C3orf70 is involved in neural and neurobehavioral development and that defects in C3orf70 may be associated with midbrain/hindbrain-related neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Çocuklarda idrar yolları enfeksiyonu etkenleri ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları

Objective: We aimed to detect common micro-organisms in children with urinary tract infections in our region and to determine. empirical antibiotic options according to their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns Materials and Methods: Urine culture results of children with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection between January 2005 and June 2008 in Tokat at Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics inpatient and outpatient clinics were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Sixty (25%) were male and 183 (75%) were female, a total of 301 urine cultures of microorganisms isolated from 243 children were evaluated. The percentage of isola ted microorganisms were E. Coli 74.8%, Klebsiella spp. 11.3%, Enterobacter spp. 2.4%, Proteus 1% and gram-positive 5%. The most frequently isolated microorganism, E. coli, has antibiotic resistance as followed ampicillin 69.3%, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP + SMX) 54.8% and amikacin 3.2%. The second most common microorganism Klebsiella spp has antibiotic resistance as followed ampicillin 95.2%, Tmp + sxm 40.9% and amikacin 1%. Conclusion: Over the years, the resistance to ampicillin and TMP + SMX has increased. By unnecessary, improper and irregular drug use, the development of antimicrobial resistance for different antibiotics can be expected. Choosing appropriate antibiotic with taking into consideration of offers that were in common guidelines with the regional antibiotic resistance, development of resistance to different antibiotics can be prevented.
The Roots of Plant Frost Hardiness and Tolerance

Abstract Frost stress severely affects agriculture and agroforestry worldwide. Although many studies about frost hardening and resistance have been published, most of them focused on the aboveground organs and only a minority specifically targets the roots. However, roots and aboveground tissues have different physiologies and stress response mechanisms. Climate models predict an increase in the magnitude and frequency of late-frost events, which, together with an observed loss of soil insulation, will greatly decrease plant primary production due to damage at the root level. Molecular and metabolic responses inducing root cold hardiness are complex. They involve a variety of processes related to modifications in cell wall composition, maintenance of the cellular homeostasis and the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. After a summary of the current climatic models, this review details the specificity of freezing stress at the root level and explores the strategies roots developed to cope with freezing stress. We then describe the level to which roots can be frost hardy, depending on their age, size category and species. After that, we compare the environmental signals inducing cold acclimation and frost hardening in the roots and aboveground organs. Subsequently, we discuss how roots sense cold at a cellular level and briefly describe the following signal transduction pathway, which leads to molecular and metabolic responses associated with frost hardening. Finally, the current options available to increase root frost tolerance are explored and promising lines of future research are discussed.