Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of practice distribution on learning a fine motor task.

Abstract Sixty college men were given 35 trials of either distributed practice (DP) or massed practice (MP) (N = 30 per group) on a fine motor learning task, the foot tracking task. The study was designed to make a direct comparison between the two groups of the amount learned. While learning was significant for both groups, there was no difference in the amount learned between groups. As expected, performance was significantly better under DP; this was attributed to the temporary depressant effects of Ir resulting from MP. The present results are in general agreement with the findings of a number of recent learning studies on gross motor tasks; almost without exception they reported that practice distribution affected performance but not learning. Thus, the traditionally accepted belief that DP is superior to MP in motor learning is not supported by experimental evidence. These findings present practical implications for motor learning in terms of efficiency in the use of practice time.
Analisis Pengaruh CAR, NPF, FDR dan Inflasi terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia

The increasing number of sharia financial institutions in Indonesia is accompanied by an increase in literature review regarding sharia financial institutions. Renewal of studies related to the development of Islamic finance in Indonesia is important to continue. This study aims to examine the factors that affect the level of profitability of Islamic banking in Indonesia in the latest conditions and the latest data. The approach used is quantitative descriptive. Based on the F test, the f-statistic value obtained was 0.000085 below 0.05 (five percent). In other words, the independent variables including CAR, NPF, FDR, and inflation simultaneously have a significant effect on the dependent variable ROA. Whereas in a formal manner, based on the t-test, the NPF variable has a positive and significant effect on ROA. While the CAR, FDR and inflation variables have no effect on ROA.
Validation of the summertime surface energy budget of Larsen C Ice Shelf (Antarctica) as represented in three high‐resolution atmospheric models

We compare measurements of the turbulent and radiative surface energy fluxes from an automatic weather station (AWS) on Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica with corresponding fluxes from three high‐resolution atmospheric models over a 1 month period during austral summer. All three models produce a reasonable simulation of the (relatively small) turbulent energy fluxes at the AWS site. However, biases in the modeled radiative fluxes, which dominate the surface energy budget, are significant. There is a significant positive bias in net shortwave radiation in all three models, together with a corresponding negative bias in net longwave radiation. In two of the models, the longwave bias only partially offsets the positive shortwave bias, leading to an excessive amount of energy available for heating and melting the surface, while, in the third, the negative longwave bias exceeds the positive shortwave bias, leading to a deficiency in calculated surface melt. Biases in shortwave and longwave radiation are anticorrelated, suggesting that they both result from the models simulating too little cloud (or clouds that are too optically thin). We conclude that, while these models may be able to provide some useful information on surface energy fluxes, absolute values of modeled melt rate are significantly biased and should be used with caution. Efforts to improve model simulation of melt should initially focus on the radiative fluxes and, in particular, on the simulation of the clouds that control these fluxes.
Consumer buying behaviour at liquor stores

After alcohol was made it had a negative and positive effect on human nature but in last 10 years the varieties of alcohol have increased and thus the negative impact on humans have increased. Crabtree, A. , Latham, N. , Bird, L. , & Buxton, J. (2016). But in the early 1970s campaigns such as ‘responsible drinking’ addresses about the hazardous drinking and its related consequences. It was used to promote as low-risk drinking, promote risky drinking or just muddy the waters. After all these factors the purpose of this research is to find out consumer buying behaviour when it comes to customer flow, branding and marketing, store layout, and location. The method based on the literature review, an observation was conducted in two shops which shows a clear picture of consumer buying pattern as they have been selling for more than 10 years. Key findings include how the location of the organization helps in increasing the sales, how customer flow is seen within 24 hours, how store layout is well organized for selling purpose, and how branding and marketing are done by major products such as Waikato draught, Stein lager, and Woodstock within the shop.
A Theological Introduction to the Old Testament

The organizing principle of this volume is Israel's recitation of its history with God, and its goal is to help students come to a critically informed theological understanding of the Old Testament as the church's Scripture. While maintaining its primary focus throughout on theological issues and concerns -- on Israel's faith story -- this volume is informed by both historical and canonical perspectives.
Tolerance to apoptotic cells is regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Tolerance to self-antigens present in apoptotic cells is critical to maintain immune-homeostasis and prevent systemic autoimmunity. However, mechanisms that sustain self-tolerance are poorly understood. Here we show that systemic administration of apoptotic cells to mice induced splenic expression of the tryptophan catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IDO expression was confined to the splenic marginal zone and was abrogated by depletion of CD169+ cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of IDO skewed the immune response to apoptotic cells, resulting in increased proinflammatory cytokine production and increased effector T-cell responses toward apoptotic cell-associated antigens. Presymptomatic lupus-prone MRLlpr/lpr mice exhibited abnormal elevated IDO expression in the marginal zone and red pulp and inhibition of IDO markedly accelerated disease progression. Moreover, chronic exposure of IDO-deficient mice to apoptotic cells induced a lupus-like disease with serum autoreactivity to double-stranded DNA associated with renal pathology and increased mortality. Thus, IDO limits innate and adaptive immunity to apoptotic self-antigens and IDO-mediated regulation inhibits inflammatory pathology caused by systemic autoimmune disease.
Küttner's tumor of the submandibular glands: Report of five cases with fine‐needle aspiration cytology

Küttner's tumor (KT) is a benign tumor‐like lesion of the salivary gland that mimics neoplasm clinically because of presentation as a hard mass. Recently, the histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings of this lesion have been analyzed, and differential diagnostic problems relating to salivary gland lymphoma have been discussed. However, currently there is little information on the cytological findings of those lesions.
Clioquinol Mediates Copper Uptake and Counteracts Copper Efflux Activities of the Amyloid Precursor Protein of Alzheimer's Disease*

The key protein in Alzheimer's disease, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), is a ubiquitously expressed copper-binding glycoprotein that gives rise to the Aβ amyloid peptide. Whereas overexpression of APP results in significantly reduced brain copper levels in three different lines of transgenic mice, knock-out animals revealed increased copper levels. A provoked rise in peripheral levels of copper reduced concentrations of soluble amyloid peptides and resulted in fewer pathogenic Aβ plaques. Contradictory evidence has been provided by the efficacy of copper chelation treatment with the drug clioquinol. Using a yeast model system, we show that adding clioquinol to the yeast culture medium drastically increased the intracellular copper concentration but there was no significant effect observed on zinc levels. This finding suggests that clioquinol can act therapeutically by changing the distribution of copper or facilitating copper uptake rather than by decreasing copper levels. The overexpression of the human APP or APLP2 extracellular domains but not the extracellular domain of APLP1 decreased intracellular copper levels. The expression of a mutant APP deficient for copper binding increased intracellular copper levels several-fold. These data uncover a novel biological function for APP and APLP2 in copper efflux and provide a new conceptual framework for the formerly diverging theories of copper supplementation and chelation in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Intraoperative pulmonary embolism and intracardiac thrombosis complicating liver transplantation: a systematic review

Summary. Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) and intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) are rare but potentially lethal complications during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods: We aimed to review clinical and pathological correlates of PE and ICT in patients undergoing OLT. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science. Results: Seventy‐four cases of intraoperative PE and/or ICT were identified; PE alone in 32 patients (43%) and a combination of PE and ICT in 42 patients (57%). Most frequent clinical symptoms included systemic hypotension and concomitant rising pulmonary artery pressure, often leading to complete circulatory collapse. PE and ICT occurred in every stage of the operation and were reported equally in patients with or without the use of venovenous bypass or antifibrinolytics. A large variety of putative risk factors have been suggested in the literature, including the use of pulmonary artery catheters or certain blood products. Nineteen patients underwent urgent thrombectomy or thrombolysis. Overall mortality was 68% (50/74) and 41 patients (82%) died intraoperatively. Conclusion: Mortality was significantly higher in patients with an isolated PE, compared to patients with a combination of PE and ICT (91% and 50%, respectively; P < 0.001). Intraoperative PE and ICT during OLT appear to have multiple etiologies and may occur unexpectedly at any time during the procedure.
Biomechanical Analysis of Titanium Elastic Nail Fixation in a Pediatric Femur Fracture Model

Background: Increasing weight in relation to total diameter of implanted titanium elastic nails has been found to be significantly associated with increasing sagittal angulation. However, the biomechanical literature has not well established the load at which failure of titanium elastic nails in the sagittal and coronal planes occurs. The purpose of this study was to determine load to failure in sagittal and coronal plane bending of transverse midshaft femur fractures stabilized with titanium elastic nails and correlate this with the maximum patient weight. Methods: Ten synthetic, pediatric-sized femurs 35 cm in length with an intramedullary canal diameter of 9.5 mm were used. Transverse midshaft fracture patterns were created with a handheld saw. Two 4.0-mm titanium elastic nails were then placed in a retrograde fashion through medial and lateral insertion sites in the distal metaphysis of the femur to stabilize the simulated fractures. A 4-point bending load to failure test was performed on each of the femurs. Five femurs were tested in the sagittal plane, and 5 femurs were tested in the coronal plane. Yield load, bending stiffness, and bending moments for both testing configurations were determined. Results: For the sagittal plane bending tests, the yield load was 628 ± 29 N. For the coronal plane bending tests, the yield load was 596 ± 20 N. The resulting bending moments in the sagittal and coronal planes were 20.4 ± 0.9 and 19.4 ± 0.6 Nm, respectively. From these data, we correlated bending moments with in vivo gait data to find a patient weight cutoff of 40 to 45 kg. Clinical Relevance: With the increasing rate of childhood obesity and tendency for sagittal and coronal angulation of femur fractures treated with titanium elastic nails, it is necessary to determine the load at which permanent sagittal and coronal deformation of the nails occurs because this may result in an unfavorable outcome. Conclusions: Our study provides biomechanical evidence that patients weighing more than 40 to 45 kg who undergo stabilization of a transverse midshaft femur fracture with titanium elastic nails are at risk for loss of reduction in the sagittal and coronal planes.
HMGB1 preconditioning: therapeutic application for a danger signalõ

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear factor released extracellularly as a late mediator of lethality in sepsis and as an early mediator of inflammation following injury. In contrast to the proinflammatory role of HMGB1, recent evidence suggests beneficial applications of HMGB1 in injury states. One such application is the use of HMGB1 as a preconditioning stimulus. Preconditioning is a phenomenon whereby a low level of stressful stimuli confers protection against subsequent injury. Preconditioning has been demonstrated in multiple species, can be induced by various stimuli, and is applicable in different organ systems. Only with the recent introduction of the concept of endogenous molecules, such as HMGB1, as signals and mediators for inflammation during injury states has the use of endogenous molecules been investigated for this use. This review will focus on the use of endogenous molecules, specifically HMGB1, as a preconditioning stimulus and its mechanism of protection, as well as other protective applications for HMGB1.
Effect of dietary high-oleic acid sunflower seed, palm oil and vitamin E supplementation on broiler performance, fatty acid composition and oxidation susceptibility of meat

1. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of two fat sources: high-oleic acid sunflower seed (HOASS; 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg diet) and palm oil (PO), and dietary supplementation of vitamin E (α-tocopheryl acetate, 200 mg/kg diet) on performance, fatty acid composition and susceptibility to oxidation of white and dark chicken meat during refrigerated storage. Female chicks (3 to 6 weeks) were given one of 5 diets containing 90 g/kg of added fat with increasing monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content, adjusted by progressively replacing PO by HOASS. 2. Body weight gain and gain:food ratio of birds were depressed in diets containing the highest proportions of HOASS (150 and 200 g/kg). Relative abdominal fat was reduced in birds fed diets including HOASS, except in the diet containing 100 g HOASS/kg. The inclusion of α-tocopheryl acetate improved body weight gain and gain:food ratio. 3. According to the fatty acid profile of the diets, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid (SFA and PUFA, respectively) contents were significantly reduced and MUFA content was significantly increased in white and dark chicken meats when the saturated oil, PO, was replaced progressively by HOASS in the diet. The inclusion of α-tocopheryl acetate increased PUFA content in both meats. 4. After 4 and 7 d of refrigerated storage, white and dark meat samples obtained from birds fed on diets containing HOASS had significantly lower thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS) values than those derived from the PO diet. The addition of α-tocopheryl acetate significantly reduced the lipid oxidation in white and dark meat. 5. Overall, the results showed that increasing MUFA content of chicken meat by replacing dietary PO with HOASS (up to 100 g/kg) did not adversely affect broiler performance and reduced the susceptibility of meat to oxidation during refrigerated storage. Dietary α-tocopherol supplementation improved chicken performance and was effective in protecting lipid meat from oxidation.
Activation of extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 in Sertoli cells in experimentally cryptorchid rhesus monkeys.

AIM To assess the spatiotemporal changes in the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in response to heat stress in the cryptorchid testis, and to investigate a possible relation to Sertoli cell dedifferentiation. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to examine the expression and activation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in the cryptorchid testis at various stages after experimental cryptorchidism. RESULTS The abdominal temperature did not obviously change the total ERK1/2 expression but significantly activated phospho-ERK1/2 in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis. Heat stress increased total JNK expression in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis but did not activate phospho-JNK. Neither total p38 nor phospho-p38 was induced by heat stress in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis. Changes in the spatiotemporal expression of cytokeratin 18 (CK18), a marker of immature or undifferentiated Sertoli cells, were induced in the cryptorchid testis in a pattern similar to the activation of ERK1/2. CONCLUSION The activation of ERK1/2 in the testis may be related to dedifferentiation of Sertoli cells under heat stress induced by experimental cryptorchidism.
Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases are the two common endocrine diseases. Thyroid disorder is found commonly in most forms of diabetes and is associated with advanced age particularly in type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study is to know the prevalence and profile of thyroid disorders as assessed by thyroid hormone assay in hospital based cross section study in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to know the prevalence of sub clinical hypothyroidism in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its effect on dyslipidemia in a rural setting. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study done during the period from February 2013 to December 2014. Study population consists of 100 diabetic patients. Blood samples from all patients were collected in a standardized manner and were subjected for routine and special investigations including FBS, PP2BS, TSH, T3, T4. Fisher exact test was used for analysis of nominal variables presented in two (2×2) tables and chi-square test was used for distributions are presented in two by two tables. P-value<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was high in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was 13% in this study and it was statistically significant. It was also concluded that subclinical hypothyroidism was more common in diabetics. Conclusion: Diabetes and thyroid disorders are co-related with each other. In patients of diabetes, subclinical hypothyroidism is commonly found.
Lymphatic uptake of lipid nanoparticles following endotracheal administration

A previous publication reported the uptake into the lymphatics of pulmonary administered lipid nanoparticles (LN), after aerosolization and inhalation. In the present study LN clearance from the lungs and lymphatic uptake were further evaluated after endotracheal administration. Nanoparticles prepared with gliceryl behenate were radiolabelled by association to the lipophilic tracer D,L-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) coupled with 99mTc. Labelling efficiency was 97% and stability in body fluids was demonstrated in vitro. Wistar rats were treated by endotracheal administration and lymphatic uptake was determined upon organ sampling. Endotracheally delivered LN are rapidly eliminated from rat lungs and accumulation in para-aortic, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes starts almost immediately after administration. Translocation of LN across the lung mucosa and their uptake into the lymphatics demonstrate their usefulness as potential drug carriers for lung cancer therapy, as well as for immunization purposes.
Influence of risk factors on coronary flow reserve in patients with 1-vessel coronary artery disease.

UNLABELLED Coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors influence the hyperemic response in patients without coronary artery stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of risk factors on coronary flow reserve (CFR) estimated by (99m)Tc-sestamibi cardiac imaging in patients with 1-vessel CAD. METHODS Forty-eight patients with 1-vessel CAD were enrolled in the study. Systemic hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking were considered CAD risk factors. Within 48 h, all patients underwent coronary angiography and regional CFR assessment by (99m)Tc-sestamibi imaging with dipyridamole (0.74 mg/kg of body weight). Eight patients had no risk factors, 14 had 1 risk factor, 18 had 2 risk factors, and 8 had 3 risk factors. RESULTS The mean +/- SD CFR of the narrowed coronary vessel was 1.28 +/- 0.43 in the overall study population (1.52 +/- 0.30 in patients with 50%-70% stenosis and 0.94 +/- 0.75 in patients with >70% stenosis; P < 0.001). Two-factor ANOVA showed that the number of risk factors significantly affected CFR (P < 0.001) in patients with 50%-70% stenosis, whereas significance was only borderline in patients with >70% stenosis. Finally, a significant interaction among the degree of coronary artery stenosis, the number of risk factors, and the estimated CFR was found (F(3) = 14.0; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CFR is inversely related to the number of conventional risk factors in patients with 1-vessel CAD and intermediate coronary artery stenosis, whereas this influence is less evident in patients with more severe stenosis.
Linking Compositional and Functional Predictions to Decipher the Biogeochemical Significance in DFAA Turnover of Abundant Bacterioplankton Lineages in the North Sea

Deciphering the ecological traits of abundant marine bacteria is a major challenge in marine microbial ecology. In the current study, we linked compositional and functional predictions to elucidate such traits for abundant bacterioplankton lineages in the North Sea. For this purpose, we investigated entire and active bacterioplankton composition along a transect ranging from the German Bight to the northern North Sea by pyrotag sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and transcripts. Functional profiles were inferred from 16S rRNA data using Tax4Fun. Bacterioplankton communities were dominated by well-known marine lineages including clusters/genera that are affiliated with the Roseobacter group and the Flavobacteria. Variations in community composition and function were significantly explained by measured environmental and microbial properties. Turnover of dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) showed the strongest correlation to community composition and function. We applied multinomial models, which enabled us to identify bacterial lineages involved in DFAA turnover. For instance, the genus Planktomarina was more abundant at higher DFAA turnover rates, suggesting its vital role in amino acid degradation. Functional predictions further indicated that Planktomarina is involved in leucine and isoleucine degradation. Overall, our results provide novel insights into the biogeochemical significance of abundant bacterioplankton lineages in the North Sea.
Rational Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy Utilization Review Part II

CLINICAL PHARMACY HAS ASSUMED many forms and definitions. Inherent in them all is the requirement that the pharmacist accept responsibility for the rational use of drugs. Part I of this study revealed that the intravenous drugs water, sodium and potassium, which are used to treat the group of diseases termed 'fluid/electrolyte imbalances', are too often used irrationally, and confirmed a need for clinical pharmacy involvement. This study investigates whether improper treatment of fluid/electrolyte disorders is derived from an inadequate data base. The goal of the study was to determine the percentage of