Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Community Survey on the Prevalence of Suicidal Attempts and Deaths in a Selected Rural Area of Bangladesh

Background : Suicide is a public health problem too often neglected by researchers, health policy makers and the medical profession. In the year 2000, approximately one million people died of suicide which represents a global mortality rate of 16 per 100,000. According to WHO estimates for the year 2020 and based on current trends approximately 1.53 million people will die from suicide and 10-20 times more people will attempt suicide worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the community prevalence of suicidal attempts and deaths in rural area of Bangladesh and to find out the relationship between suicide and socio-demographic variables. Study Design and Setting : A Community based survey was carried out by members of the Department of Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College and Hospital at Mominpur union under Sadar Upazilla of district Chuadanga. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16. Results : A total of 3551 households were surveyed covering 12422 individuals. A total of 35 individuals attempted suicide in last one year and of them 16 died and rest of he 19 survived. One year incidence of suicidal attempt in the study area was 281.8 per thousand population and the incidence of suicidal deaths was 128.8 per 100000 population. Median age of the people attempted or committed suicide was 30.36(range12 to 70 years). Most (42.9%) suicide was attempted by people at their twenties (20–29 years). Male to female ratio was around 1:4. Around 33.3% of the people who attempted or committed suicide studied up to secondary level, 28.6% studied up to primary level. Most (55.2%) of the people who committed or attempted suicide were housewives,10.3% were daily basis worker, 6.9% were students, another 6.9% engaged in agricultural work and 3.4% were disabled. Majority (45.7%) of the people who committed or attempted suicide was of lower class, 37.1% were of lower middle class, 14.3% were of middle class and 2.9% were of upper class. Majority (82.9%) of the person attempted suicide or died of suicide were married. Around 57% had discord in the family, around 23% had at least one relative died of suicide, around 17% of them were suffering from chronic diseases. Two of them were substance abuser. One of them had preexisting mental disorder, two (5.8%) were orphan and around seven (20%) made an attempt before the current one. Conclusion: Community survey in a rural area of South-West Bangladesh revealed that suicide is a major cause of mortality, especially in young females. Although this study results were from a small population of a community, the high rate of deaths from suicide are alarming and warrants further studies in regional and national level to find out the risk factors. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jom.v13i1. 10042 JOM 2012; 13(1): 3-9
Effect of Postactivation Potentiation on the Maximal Voluntary Isokinetic Concentric Torque in Humans

Miyamoto, N, Kanehisa, H, Fukunaga, T, and Kawakami, Y. Effect of postactivation potentiation on the maximal voluntary isokinetic concentric torque in humans. J Strength Cond Res 25(1): 186-192, 2011-The purpose of this study was to examine whether postactivation potentiation (PAP) influences dynamic torque development in humans. Nine recreationally active men performed sets of 3 maximal isokinetic concentric plantar flexions at 180 degrees/second in the following sequence: before and immediately (5 seconds) after a 10-second maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and then every 1 minute until the 5-minute point, followed by 1 more stimulation at the 10-minute point. Twitch responses were recorded before every set of 3 concentric contractions to examine whether the PAP exists. The twitch and concentric torques were potentiated at 0 through 5 minutes and 1 through 3 minutes post-MVC, respectively (p < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in concentric torque in the control (without MVC) condition (p > 0.05). For electromyographic signals during concentric contractions, muscle activity of the medial gastrocnemius was significantly depressed only immediately after the conditioning MVC (p < 0.05). These results indicate that a brief maximal voluntary isometric contraction enhances voluntary dynamic performance through PAP, within proper recovery interval. From a practical point of view, in sports activities we suggest undertaking PAP through high-intensity contractions 1 to 3 minutes before voluntary ballistic or plyometric actions for improved performance.
A Test for Determining Critical Heart Rate Using the Critical Power Model

Mielke, M, Housh, TJ, Hendrix, CR, Zuniga, J, Camic, CL, Schmidt, RJ, and Johnson, GO. A test for determining critical heart rate using the critical power model. J Strength Cond Res 25(2): 504-510, 2011-The purposes of this study were to (a) determine if the mathematical model that has previously been used to estimate the critical power (CP) was applicable to heart rate (HR) to estimate the critical heart rate (CHR), and (b) compare the CHR to the HR values at the CP (CPHR), ventilatory threshold (VTHR), and respiratory compensation point (RCPHR). Fifteen women (mean age ± SD = 21.7 ± 2.1 years) performed an incremental test to exhaustion to determine &OV0312;o2peak, VTHR, and RCPHR. The subjects also performed 4 exhaustive workbouts at different power outputs for the determination of CP and CHR. For each power output, the total number of heart beats (HBlim) was calculated as the product of the average 5-second HR (bpm) and total time to exhaustion (Tlim in minutes). The HBlim and total work (Wlim in kilograms-meters) were plotted as a function of the Tlim at each power output, and the slope coefficients of the regression lines between HBlim or Wlim and Tlim were defined as the CHR and CP, respectively. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that CHR (172 ± 11 bpm, 92.9 ± 2.7%HRmax) was similar to RCPHR (172 ± 9 bpm, 92.9 ± 2.2%HRmax) but was higher (p < 0.05) than CPHR (154 ± 10 bpm, 83.2 ± 4.0%HRmax) and VTHR (152 ± 12 bpm, 82.1 ± 4.3%HRmax). The relationship between HR and Tlim from the CHR test can be described by the CP model. The CHR test may be a practical method for estimating RCP without the need to measure expired gas samples. Furthermore, like the RCP, the CHR test may be used to demarcate the heavy from severe exercise intensity domains, predict endurance exercise performance, and prescribe a training intensity for competitive cyclists.
Are Anthropometric, Flexibility, Muscular Strength, and Endurance Variables Related To Clubhead Velocity in Low- And High-Handicap Golfers?

Keogh, JWL, Marnewick, MC, Maulder, PS, Nortje, JP, Hume, PA, and Bradshaw, EJ. Are anthropometric, flexibility and muscular strength and endurance variables related to clubhead velocity in low- and high-handicap golfers? J Strength Cond Res 23(6): 1841-1850, 2009-The present study assessed the anthropometric profile (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol), flexibility, muscular strength, and endurance of 20 male golfers. These data were collected in order to determine: a) the relationship between these kinanthropometric measures and clubhead velocity; and b) if these measures could distinguish low-handicap (LHG) and high-handicap (HHG) golfers. Ten LHG (handicap of 0.3 ± 0.5) and 10 HHG (handicap of 20.3 ± 2.4) performed 10 swings for maximum velocity and accuracy with their own 5-iron golf club at a wall-mounted target. LHG hit the target significantly more (115%) and had a 12% faster clubhead velocity than HHG (p < 0.01). The LHG also had significantly (28%) greater golf swing-specific cable woodchop (GSCWC) strength (p < 0.01) and tendencies for greater (30%) bench press strength and longer (5%) upper am and total arm (4%) length and less (24%) right hip internal rotation than HHG (0.01 < p < 0.05). GSCWC strength was significantly correlated to clubhead velocity (p < 0.01), with bench press and hack squat strength as well as upper arm and total arm length also approaching significance (0.01 < p < 0.05). Golfers with high GSCWC strength and perhaps greater bench press strength and longer arms may therefore be at a competitive advantage, as these characteristics allow the production of greater clubhead velocity and resulting ball displacement. Such results have implications for golf talent identification programs and for the prescription and monitoring of golf conditioning programs. While golf conditioning programs may have many aims, specific trunk rotation exercises need to be included if increased clubhead velocity is the goal. Muscular hypertrophy development may not need to be emphasized as it could reduce golf performance by limiting range of motion and/or increasing moment of inertia.
Making a case for albumin – a highly promising drug-delivery system.

Albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood with concentrations ranging from 34 to 50 mg/ml [1]. This protein is well known to bind to a range of endogenous and exogenous molecules [1]. For instance, albumin is able to bind long chain fatty acids, steroids, ions and various drugs, such as warfarin and ibuprofen [1]. Albumin has an important role in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood, as an antioxidant and toxic waste carrier [1,2]. Its levels are frequently decreased in the critically ill and this is generally believed to be a marker for severe disease [3]. Albumin was first examined in terms of its medical applications for the battlefields of World War II as a blood substitute for the treatment for shock [1]. Since those pioneering days, parenteral administration of albumin has been indicated for shock, hypovolemia, hypoalbuminemia, burns, acute respiratory distress, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and acute liver failure [3,4].
Relationship Between Force-Time and Velocity-Time Characteristics of Dynamic and Isometric Muscle Actions

Khamoui, AV, Brown, LE, Nguyen, D, Uribe, BP, Coburn, JW, Noffal, GJ, and Tran, T. Relationship between force-time and velocity-time characteristics of dynamic and isometric muscle actions. J Strength Cond Res 25(1): 198-204, 2011-Previous research has investigated the force-time curve characteristics of isometric and dynamic muscle actions; however, few studies have addressed their relationship to dynamic exercise velocity-time variables. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between velocity-time characteristics (high pull and vertical jump peak velocity and rate of velocity development [HPPV, HPRVD, VJPV, VJRVD]), force-time characteristics (isometric peak force [IsoPF], body mass adjusted isometric peak force [IsoPF/BM], isometric rate of force development at different millisecond windows [IsoRFD50-250], dynamic peak force [HPPF], body mass adjusted dynamic peak force [HPPF/BM]), and vertical jump height (VJHeight). Nineteen recreationally trained men (age 23.89 ± 2.92 yr; height 176.32 ± 7.06 cm; mass 78.76 ± 16.50 kg) completed 2 testing sessions. The first session consisted of 3 isometric mid-thigh pulls on a force plate with each repetition held for 3 seconds. On the second testing session, subjects completed 3 dynamic mid-thigh high pulls with 30% IsoPF followed by 3 vertical jumps on a force plate. The HPRVD correlated with IsoRFD50 (r = 0.52) and IsoRFD100 (r = 0.49). The HPPV correlated with IsoPF/BM (r = −0.60), IsoRFD50 (r = 0.56), and IsoRFD100 (r = 0.56). The VJHeight correlated with IsoPF/BM (r = 0.61), whereas VJPV correlated with IsoPF/BM (r = 0.62). These correlations suggest that explosive isometric force production within 50 to100 milliseconds may influence the ability to accelerate an implement or body and attain high velocity, albeit in a moderate fashion. In addition, body mass adjusted strength may positively influence vertical jump parameters.
Ball-Sport Endurance and Sprint Test (BEAST90): Validity and Reliability of a 90-Minute Soccer Performance Test

Williams, JD, Abt, G, and Kilding, AE. Ball-sport endurance and sprint test (BEAST90): validity and reliability of a 90-minute soccer performance test. J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 3209-3218, 2010-The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of a 90-minute soccer performance test: Ball-sport Endurance and Sprint Test (BEAST90). Fifteen healthy male amateur soccer players participated and attended 5 testing sessions over a 10-day period to perform physiologic and soccer-specific assessments. This included familiarization sessions and 2 full trials of the BEAST90, separated by 7 days. The total 90-minute distance, mean percent peak heart rate (HRpeak), and estimated percent peak oxygen uptake of the BEAST90 were 8,097 ± 458 m, 85 ± 5% and 82 ± 14%, respectively. Measures obtained from trial 1 and trial 2 were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Reliability of measures over 90 minutes ranged from 0.9-25.5% (% typical error). The BEAST90 protocol replicated soccer match play in terms of time, movement patterns, physical demands (volume and intensity), distances, and mean and HRpeak values, as well as having an aerobic load similar to that observed during a soccer match. Reproducibility of key physical measures during the BEAST90 were mostly high, suggesting good reliability. The BEAST90 could be used in studies that wish to determine the effects of training or nutritional interventions on prolonged intermittent physical performance.
Comparison of Resistance and Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Training Regimes in the Development of Strength

Shaw, BS, Shaw, I, and Brown, GA. Comparison of resistance and concurrent resistance and endurance training regimes in the development of strength. J Strength Cond Res 23(9): 2507-2514, 2009-Resistance and endurance training are often performed concurrently in most exercise programs and in rehabilitative settings in an attempt to acquire gains in more than 1 physiologic system. However, it has been proposed that by simultaneously performing these 2 modes of exercise training, the strength gains achieved by resistance training alone may be impaired. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of 16 weeks of resistance training and concurrent resistance and endurance training on muscular strength development in 38 sedentary, apparently healthy males (25 yr ± 8 mo). Subjects were age-matched and randomly assigned to either a control (Con) group (n = 12), resistance training (Res) group (n = 13), or concurrent resistance and endurance training (Com) group (n = 13). After 16 weeks, no changes were found in the strength of the subjects in the Con group. Resistance training and concurrent resistance and endurance training significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved strength in all of the 8 prescribed exercises. The data also indicated that 16 weeks of concurrent resistance training and endurance training was as effective in eliciting improvements in strength as resistance training alone in previously sedentary males. As such, concurrent resistance and endurance training does not impede muscular strength gains and can be prescribed simultaneously for the development of strength in sedentary, apparently healthy males and thus may invoke all the physiologic adaptations of resistance and endurance training at once.
Correlation Between Rating of Perceived Exertion and Physiological Variables During the Execution of Stationary Running in Water at Different Cadences

Alberton, CL, Antunes, AH, Pinto, SS, Tartaruga, MP, Silva, EM, Cadore, EL, and Kruel, LFM. Correlation between rating of perceived exertion and physiological variables during the execution of stationary running in water at different cadences. J Strength Cond Res 25(1): 155-162, 2011-The purpose of the present study was to correlate the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) with cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular variables during the execution of stationary running in water at different cadences. The sample consisted of 12 apparently healthy women (age: 22.33 ± 0.57 years). During the assessment session, the subjects performed the stationary running exercise in water at 3 different cadences: 60, 80, and 100 bpm. The heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (&OV0312;o2), ventilation (Ve), and electromyographic (EMG) signal of the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were measured during the exercise, and the overall body RPE was measured immediately following the end. Pearson's linear correlation and multiple linear regression were used, with p < 0.05. The analyses demonstrate a high and significant relationship between RPE and HR (r = 0.65; p < 0.001), RPE and %HR maximal (r = 0.65; p < 0.001), RPE and &OV0312;o2 (r = 0.60; p = 0.001), RPE and %&OV0312;o2 maximal (r = 0.71; p < 0.001), and RPE and Ve (r = 0.77; p < 0.001). However, there was no relationship between the RPE and the EMGs of the VL, BF, RF, and ST muscles. With regard to the regression, the model was significant (p < 0.001) with an r2 = 0.79, whereas the variables that explained better the RPE were %&OV0312;o2 maximal and Ve. Hence, these results suggest an association between the perception of exertion and cardiorespiratory variables, which was not the case with the neuromuscular variables evaluated in this study. Therefore, the Borg scale of RPE can be used when prescribing stationary running exercise in water for young women.
The Role of Rate of Force Development on Vertical Jump Performance

McLellan, CP, Lovell, DI, and Gass, GC. The role of rate of force development on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 25(2): 379-385, 2011-The purpose of this study was to examine a) the relationship between rate of force development (RFD) and vertical jump (VJ) performance during a counter movement jump (CMJ), and b) the reliability of RFD recorded during the CMJ and squat jump (SJ) forms of the VJ. Twenty-three physically active men aged 23 ± 3.9 years participated in the study. Subjects completed 3 unloaded CMJ and 3 unloaded SJ in random order on a force plate. The RFD was measured during CMJ and SJ movements with vertical jump displacement (VJD) measured simultaneously during the CMJ only. Subjects incorporated arm swing to their CMJ technique to reach up as high as possible, and VJD was measured. All SJ were executed with both hands on the hips throughout the full range of movement. Peak rate of force development (PRFD), peak force (PF), and time to peak force (TPF) were significantly correlated to VJD during the CMJ (r = 0.68, r = 0.51, and r = −0.48, respectively). The RFD and TPF during the CMJ and SJ were associated with low test-retest reliability (coefficient of variation [CV]: 11.8-7.9%). Peak and average power, PF, and VJD produced high test-retest reliability (CV: 2.8-5.1%) during both the CMJ and SJ movements. Our results indicate that PRFD, a measure of explosive strength, and PF, a measure of maximal strength, are the primary contributors to VJD during the CMJ in physically active men. However, caution must be used when interpreting data using PRFD because of its low retest reliability.
Effects of Vibration Training on Muscle Strength: A Meta-Analysis

Marín, PJ and Rhea, MR. Effects of vibration training on muscle strength: A meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 24(2): 548-556, 2010-The purpose of this meta-analysis was to attempt to gain a clear picture of the magnitude of strength improvements expected after acute and chronic vibration training and to identify specific factors that influence the treatment effects. Studies employing a strength training intervention and containing data necessary to calculate effect size (ES) were included in the analysis. A total of 31 studies met the inclusion criterion. Analysis of ES demonstrated that the type of vibration platform employed is a moderator of the treatment effect of vibration on strength development. Differences were noted in both acute and chronic changes in muscle strength when vertical vibration platforms are compared with oscillating platforms. Vertical platforms elicit a significantly larger treatment effect for chronic adaptations (ES = 1.24) compared with oscillating platforms (ES = −0.13). However, oscillating platforms elicit a greater treatment effect for acute effects (ES = 0.24) compared with vertical platforms (ES = −0.07). The data also show that gender, training status, and exercise protocol are moderators of the response to vibration exercise for strength development (vertical platforms). Based on the overall analysis, it is apparent that vibration exercise can be effective at eliciting chronic muscle strength adaptations. The vibration exercise can be used by exercise professionals to enhance muscular strength.
Fatigue induced changes to kinematic and kinetic gait parameters following six minutes of walking in people with multiple sclerosis

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 6 min of walking on fatigue, exertion and spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic gait parameters in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Thirty-four people with MS with moderate levels of disability completed measures of fatigue, exertion and instrumented gait analysis before and after 6-min trials of rest and walking (using a modified 6-min walk test, m6MWT). Ten age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed analysis before and after the m6MWT. Results: The MS group had a significant increase in self-reported fatigue following the m6MWT; however, there was no effect on spatiotemporal gait parameters. During stance on the more affected side ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact decreased, while knee and hip flexor moments and hip power absorption increased. On the less affected side ankle and knee power absorption, and hip extensor moment all increased. Healthy controls showed increases in joint kinetics likely due to increased walking speeds following m6MWT. Conclusion: For people with MS, ankle dorsiflexion angle reduces at initial contact following walking induced fatigue, while increased power absorption at the hip, knee and ankle indicate gait inefficiencies that may contribute to higher levels of fatigue and exertion. Implications for Rehabilitation The modified 6-min walk test (m6MWT) leads to significant increases in self-reported fatigue and exertion in people with MS. Following the m6MWT, there is significantly reduced ankle dorsiflexion angle at initial contact in the more affected leg in people with MS. This reveals an important walking-induced kinematic change that should be the target of future orthotic and strengthening interventions. In people with MS, increased power absorption primarily during the stance phase of gait following the m6MWT reveals important walking-induced muscle weakness that should also be monitored in future strengthening and gait retraining interventions.
Health economic comparisons of rofecoxib versus conventional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis in the United Kingdom

SUMMARY Conventional NSAIDs cause major gastrointestinal complications and minor symptoms. Most publications on the economic implications of NSAID gastropathy have examined ulceration rates with endoscopy, adjusted for ulcers that are "silent," i.e. never require clinical treatment. Silent ulcer rates used range from 40% to 85%. Decision analytic modeling was done to examine the economic implications of switching all OA patients currently treated with conventional NSAIDs to rofecoxib, from the perspective of the National Health Service. Analysis 1 was based on investigator observed perforations, symptomatic ulcers, and bleeds (PUBs). Analyses 2 and 3 were based on endoscopic ulcers with adjustments for silent ulcers of 85% and 40%, respectively. Analysis 1 showed that switching patients currently treated with conventional NSAIDs to rofecoxib would cost the NHS £0.32 extra per patient per day with cost per year of life saved estimated at £15,647, a figure within accepted benchmarks for cost-effectiveness of medical interventions. In Analyses 2 and 3, switching from conventional NSAIDs to rofecoxib would be cost-saving to the NHS.