Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health-information needs of HIV-positive adults in Latin America and the Caribbean: an integrative review of the literature

ABSTRACT An assessment of information needs is essential for care planning for patients living with chronic diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The extent to which these assessments have been conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is unknown. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to identify, evaluate, and summarize what research has been conducted to examine patient perceptions of their health-information needs among adults living with HIV in LAC. Using an integrative review methodology, a literature search of six databases was conducted in April and May 2015. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles published in English or Spanish that assessed the information needs of HIV-positive patients living in LAC. The quality of included articles was assessed and relevant characteristics of each article were extracted, compared, and presented. Searches returned 1885 citations, 11 of which met inclusion criteria. Studies included were conducted in 8 of 33 countries, used multiple research designs, demonstrated varying needs between populations, and found numerous unmet information needs. Information about HIV in general, methods of infection transmission, antiretroviral medications, other sexually transmitted diseases, and effective coping mechanisms were the most commonly mentioned needs. Healthcare providers were the largest and most reliable source of health information for many participants and it was emphasized that in order for health education to be effective, programs should include both individual and group components. Patients indicated that they may have difficulty processing and using information through an incorrect understanding of medications, not changing risk behaviors, and by stating that information can be overwhelming or poorly communicated. Further research on information needs is warranted so that healthcare providers and organizations may provide the information patients need to appropriately manage their health.
Benign Epilepsy of Childhood With Rolandic Spikes

Twenty‐six cases of “benign epilepsy of childhood” with Rolandic spikes, thoroughly studied clinically and electroencephalographically, were compared with 26 patients with petit mal or petit mal and grand mal seizures. Absences could be detected in a fair number of children with “benign epilepsy. ” Rolandic spikes and MU rhythms were found almost exclusively in patients having convulsions, whether focal or generalized. Rolandic spikes associated with MU rhythms and bilaterally synchronous or asynchronous discharges of spikes or of spike‐and‐slow‐waves seem, therefore, to be the features of an epilepsy whose clinical manifestations (absences or convulsions) may depend on the psycho‐biophysiological background.
Efficient Implementation of Nonuniform Refinement Levels in a Geometric Multigrid Finite-Element Method for Electromagnetic Waves

We present an advanced geometric multigrid strategy for finite-element (FE) meshes of nonuniform refinement levels. The proposed method exploits the fact that levels of high resolution usually extend over small subdomains only. By restricting the smoothing operations at the finer levels to the corresponding partial meshes, both memory consumption and operation count are kept at a minimum. Our computer implementation is based on a hierarchy of perfectly nested FE spaces and employs hanging variables to interface between regions of unequal refinement levels. To validate the effectiveness of the suggested approach, several numerical examples are given
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Opioid Agonist Therapy: A Review

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid use disorder (OUD) co-occur at high rates, and this co-occurrence is associated with a range of problems related to mental and physical health. OUD is commonly treated with opioid agonist therapies (OAT), which have been shown to be effective for reducing opiate use and related negative health consequences. Given the high comorbidity of PTSD and OUD, many individuals in OAT have PTSD and continue to experience symptoms of both disorders despite OAT treatment. In this review, the extant literature on PTSD among individuals in OAT is presented. Method: Relevant studies (N = 26) were identified systematically through a search of PubMed and PsychInfo databases. Results: Literature regarding prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with PTSD in OAT and treatment outcomes related to both OUD and PTSD is reviewed. Conclusion: Clinical implications of the body of work and recommendations for future research are provided.
Rate of Interictal Events and Spontaneous Seizures in Epileptic Rats After Electrical Stimulation of Hippocampus and Its Afferents

Summary: Purpose: Deep brain stimulation has been used by several investigators to prevent the occurrence of spontaneous seizures in patients with intractable epilepsy. With the kainic acid rat model of spontaneous recurrent seizures, we examined the consequences of subthreshold electrical stimulation of commissural pathways and perforant path on the synaptic plasticity, rate of interictal epileptiform events (IIEs), and spontaneous seizures in kainic acid (KA)‐treated rats epileptic rats.
Flip-Chip Modules for Millimeter-Wave Sensor Applications

In this paper the design of a W-band flip-chip (FC) sensor module is presented. The module incorporates two MMICs, a voltage controlled oscillator and a transceiver/receiver. Coplanar waveguides are used on the MMICs and the substrate. The FC interconnection is based on a thermocompression process with gold bumps. Through several experiments, the behavior of the MMICs related to different packaging conditions is investigated. By minimizing parasitic effects, the flip-chip approach proved to be very attractive for assembling large MMICs with multiple integrated functions.
Methylation destiny: Moira takes account of histones and RNA polymerase II

Aberrant DNA methylation is deeply involved in various human disorders. Contrary to our initial expectation, aberrant methylation is now known to possess several unique characteristics different from mutations, including target gene specificity. Specific cancers have methylation of specific genes, and specific inducers of methylation, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, induce methylation of specific genes. Mechanistically, it has been known that low levels of transcription of a gene promote its methylation. Multiple studies have shown that high levels of trimethylation of histone H3 lysine27 in normal cells are associated with a risk of becoming methylated during carcinogenesis. We recently demonstrated that genes with high levels of binding of RNA polymerase II, regardless of transcription levels, are resistant to induction of aberrant methylation. Now, epigenetic destiny can be predicted by these factors, and interference with these factors might be able to change the destiny.
Editor's note: Regarding correspondence on CFC syndrome and interstitial 12q deletions

Like Rauen and Cotter [2003] we appreciate the controversy and discussion that has surrounded the two patients that they reported with interstitial 12q deletions [del(12)(q21.2q22)]. [Rauen et al., 2000, 2002]. Because of features in both patients suggestive of the CFC syndrome, Rauen et al. raise the point that this region is a candidate region for a gene for CFC. In the letter that precedes Rauen and Cotter’s response, Neri et al. [2003] appropriately question the diagnosis of the CFC syndrome in the most recently-reported patient of Rauen et al. [2002] and reiterate their prior argument [Zollino and Neri, 2000] that the initial patient of Rauen et al. [2002] did not have the diagnosis. Of importance to this discussion, both the distinguished reviewer of this paper and myself agreed that this second patient did not have the CFC syndrome. Also of importance, like Neri et al. [2003] (this issue), Rauen et al. did not make the diagnosis of CFC in this patient either—only that he had overlapping features, ‘‘suggestive’’ of CFC syndrome. The presence of these manifestations in this recentlyreported patient and the fact that the two children had identical cytogenetic deletions led Rauen et al. to continue to postulate that this region may contain a gene important in the cause of the CFC syndrome. The initial patient [Rauen et al., 2000], while not showing the most typical phenotype of the CFC syndrome, did have consistent facial manifestations [Carey and Opitz, 2001]. Moreover, this first patient scores high on the CFC index proposed by Kavamura et al. [2002]. (See Response, this issue.) Neri et al. [2003], (this issue) also indicate ‘‘embarrassment’’ in the ‘‘support given by the American Journal of Medical Genetics, allowing publication of this second case, to a conclusion which in our view is entirely unproven, namely, that there is a locus for CFC syndrome in the chromosome region 12q21.2q22. ’’ I completely agree with the point that the notion of a CFC locus there is ‘‘unproven. ’’ However, let me clarify: This notion that 12q21.2q22 is a candidate region for CFC syndrome is not a ‘‘conclusion. ’’ It is, I feel, a hypothesis, and it is, I agree, still unproven based on the existing evidence. In fact Rauen et al. [2002] end the title of their paper with a question mark documenting their appropriate tentativeness. Rauen and Cotter [2003] and in their recent paper [Rauen et al., 2002] set forth a number of explanations, under this hypothesis, why patients with these deletions would have differing but somewhat overlapping phenotypes with CFC syndrome. Since Rauen et al. [2002] never claimed that the second patient had CFC syndrome (only that there was notable overlap), and since the molecular basis of CFC remains elusive (despite the identification of a Noonan syndrome gene, PTPN) [Rauen and Cotter, 2003, this issue], I felt, in my role as Editor, that the posing of this hypothesis remained valid and deserved attention—which I will note—it received.
Towards digital inclusion - engaging older people in the 'digital world'

Governments across the globe have declared their commitment to building a people-centred, inclusive and development-oriented Information Society. But despite rapid proliferation and, in many cases, extensive penetration of digital technologies, a significant proportion of the global population remains 'digitally excluded'. In the UK, the majority of those who fall into this category are the elderly, and yet digital technologies offer enormous potential benefits to this sector of the population. Age itself is not a barrier to using digital technologies, and although older people tend to face other barriers to access such as cost, skills or disability, research suggests that many simply do not perceive the relevance of these technologies to themselves. This paper reviews some of the literature relating to older people's use of digital technologies, and presents the results of a survey to investigate the perceptions of older users and non-users of the internet as a step towards understanding the factors which lie behind the current situation. A critical factor appears to be a lack of awareness and understanding of the 'digital world'. The paper concludes with some suggestions for how this could be overcome.
Binding of motion and colour is early and automatic

At what stages of the human visual hierarchy different features are bound together, and whether this binding requires attention, is still highly debated. We used a colour‐contingent motion after‐effect (CCMAE) to study the binding of colour and motion signals. The logic of our approach was as follows: if CCMAEs can be evoked by targeted adaptation of early motion processing stages, without allowing for feedback from higher motion integration stages, then this would support our hypothesis that colour and motion are bound automatically on the basis of spatiotemporally local information. Our results show for the first time that CCMAE's can be evoked by adaptation to a locally paired opposite‐motion dot display, a stimulus that, importantly, is known to trigger direction‐specific responses in the primary visual cortex yet results in strong inhibition of the directional responses in area MT of macaques as well as in area MT+ in humans and, indeed, is perceived only as motionless flicker. The magnitude of the CCMAE in the locally paired condition was not significantly different from control conditions where the different directions were spatiotemporally separated (i.e. not locally paired) and therefore perceived as two moving fields. These findings provide evidence that adaptation at an early, local motion stage, and only adaptation at this stage, underlies this CCMAE, which in turn implies that spatiotemporally coincident colour and motion signals are bound automatically, most probably as early as cortical area V1, even when the association between colour and motion is perceptually inaccessible.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Leiomyosarcomas in the Colon: A Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Genetic Study of 44 Cases

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), mesenchymal tumors largely specific for the gastrointestinal tract, have been well defined in the stomach and small intestine, but have not been extensively documented or contrasted with true smooth muscle tumors in the colon. This study was undertaken to determine the clinicopathologic features of GISTs of the colon, excluding the rectum, and to compare them with leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) of the same location. A total of 37 colonic GISTs and seven LMSs from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Haartman Institute of the University of Helsinki were analyzed. The GISTs occurred predominantly in adults older than 50 years of age (median, 67 yrs), and most were histologically malignant; four small benign tumors (≤1 cm) were incidentally detected, and 10 others had minimal mitotic activity (five or fewer mitoses per 50 high-power fields). The colonic GISTs were typically transmural tumors with frequent intraluminal and outward bulging components. Histologically, they usually showed a spindle cell pattern (92%), whereas 8% were epithelioid. Most tumors (19 of 25) were positive for CD117 (KIT) and for CD34 (16 of 27); six tumors coexpressed &agr;-smooth muscle actin and CD117; none showed desmin or S-100 protein. C-kit mutations in exon 11 were seen in 5 (36%) of 14 colonic GISTs. None of the patients with incidental small tumors had a recurrence, whereas 2 of 10 patients with tumors larger than 1 cm but minimal mitotic activity died of the disease with liver metastasis. Nearly all patients whose tumor was larger than 1 cm and showed more than five mitoses per 50 high-power fields died of disease; half had evidence of metastasis. LMSs were typically intraluminally bulging, polypoid masses that showed a histologic likeness to differentiated smooth muscle cells. They occurred in five men and two women with a median age of 61 years. Most LMSs were high-grade histologically and showed smooth muscle actin, desmin, or both. All were negative for CD34 and CD117 and lacked c-kit mutations. Five of the seven patients died of disease, and two had a long-term survival, despite high mitotic activity. These results show that KIT-positive GISTs are more common than LMSs of the colon, and these tumor groups have clinicopathologic differences that warrant their separation.
THE DEFINITION OF TRUE RECURRENCE OF PITUITARY‐DEPENDENT CUSHING'S SYNDROME AFTER TRANSSPHENOIDAL OPERATION

Two patients are described with pituitary‐dependent Cushing's syndrome who had successful transsphenoidal selective removal of basophil microadenomas. After a period of adrenal insufficiency the clinical signs and the Cortisol secretion rate became normal after 12–18 months, together with the return of a normal feedback response to glucocorticoids (dexcamethasone suppression), a normal diurnal rhythm of plasma Cortisol, and a normal response to stress (increase of plasma Cortisol to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia). However, pituitary‐dependent Cushing's syndrome recurred 38 and 56 months after operation. This was preceded by gradual changes of the results of the dexamethasone tests, disappearance of the diurnal rhythm of Cortisol, and of the responses of plasma Cortisol to hypoglycaemia. ‘True recurrence’ should be defined as the return of the clinical and biochemical characteristics of Cushing's syndrome after a successful transsphenoidal operation, with a normal hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis as evidenced by a normal response to dexamethasone, a normal diurnal rhythm of Cortisol and a normal increase of plasma Cortisol with insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia.
Factors affecting the accuracy of pressure measurements in vascular stenoses from phase‐contrast MRI

In this work the effects of noise, resolution, and velocity (flow) on the measurement of intravascular pressure from phase‐contrast (PC) MRI are discussed. To elucidate these effects, we employed an axisymmetric geometry that enabled us to calculate pressures in <2 min on a Sun Ultra SPARC 10 workstation. To determine the effects of vascular stenoses, we fabricated several stenotic phantom geometries (with 50%, 75%, and 90% area stenoses), and performed both MRI and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for various flow rates for these phantom geometries. Noise with Gaussian statistics was added to the velocity field obtained from the CFD simulations. The pressure maps obtained directly from CFD simulations for our phantom geometries were compared with pressure maps derived by our algorithm when 1) the input was noise‐corrupted velocity data from CFD, and 2) the input was PC‐MRI data collected from the phantoms. The quantitative effects of noise, resolution, and flow rate on the accuracy of pressure measurements were determined. We found that for flow rates below the Reynolds number for turbulent flow, resolution is a more significant determinant of accuracy than SNR. Furthermore, if other parameters remain constant, increased flow rates may result in decreased accuracy. Magn Reson Med 52:300–309, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[A study on fluid intake among nursing home residents].

PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to examine the amount of daily fluid intake among nursing home residents and to explore the caregiver's perceived barriers to elderly's fluid intake. METHOD Data was collected from 111 nursing home residents and 64 caregiver's in 4 nursing homes. A random, non-consecutive three days of 24 hour fluid intake was measured and recorded. The caregiver's perceived barriers to elderly's fluid intake was assessed using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS The average amount of daily fluid intake was 1,035(SD=359) ml with the range of 210 ml to 2,050 ml. About 52% (n=58) of the subjects had a less than adequate fluid intake. The amount of daily fluid intake was significantly associated with age, mental status, physical functioning, and the number of oral medications ordered. The most frequently mentioned caregiver's perceived barrier was elderly's concern about incontinence with increased fluid intake. CONCLUSION Inadequate fluid intake among nursing home residents is prevalent. To enhance adequate hydration of nursing home residents, an institution wide nursing intervention is necessary.
Cancer occurrence in Ardabil: Results of a population‐based Cancer Registry from Iran

The provincial health authority reported a high mortality rate from upper GI cancer in the newly established Ardabil Province of northwest Iran. A comprehensive search was undertaken to survey and register all cases of cancer during a 4‐year (1996–1999) period among the indigenous population of Ardabil Province, including subjects seeking care in the cities of Tabriz and Tehran. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology in 71.4%, clinical or radiologic findings in 25% and death certificate in 3.6% of cases. A total of 3,455 cancers (mean age 57.1 ± 17.3 years) was found during the study. Of these, 60% (2,072) were in males. ASRs for all cancers in males and females were 132.0 and 96.3, respectively. The top 5 cancers in males (excluding skin cancer) according to the calculated ASR were stomach (25.4), esophagus (15.4), lung and bronchus (7.9), colon and rectum (7.9) and bladder (7.6); in females, these were stomach (25.42), esophagus (14.4), breast (7.6), colon and rectum (5. 9) and lung and bronchus (3.6). Compared to rates obtained 30 years ago, the incidence of upper GI cancer in this region has increased about 100%, and there is a striking increase in the incidence of gastric cancer with a decline in the esophageal cancer rate. ASRs for gastric cancer in Ardabil were 49.1 for males and 25.4 for females, while for esophageal cancer these were 15.4 and 14.4, respectively. The ASR for cervical cancer was the lowest (0.4) recorded in the world before. Gastric cancer alone constitutes one‐third of all cancers in Ardabil, the ASR of which is the highest reported from Iran up to now and one of the highest in the world. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transforming mutant v-mos protein kinases that are deficient in in vitro autophosphorylation

We investigated the importance of specific serine residues for autophosphorylation and transformation by serine-threonine protein kinase p37mos. When either serine 326 or 358 was replaced with alanine, the resulting mutant protein retained the ability to transform NIH 3T3 cells but failed to autophosphorylate in vitro. These studies represent the first functional uncoupling of these two activities for p37mos.
A $1.5\pm 0.39~{\rm ppm}/^{\circ}{\rm C}$ Temperature-Compensated LC Oscillator Using Constant-Biased Varactors

This letter presents a temperature compensated oscillator for clock generation across a wide temperature range. The proposed technique deploys the characteristics of the constant-biased varactors to nullify the overall oscillator's temperature coefficient (TC), thereby reducing the temperature drift effect on the oscillator frequency output. Fabricated on a CMOS technology, the proposed 2.09 GHz-gm-LC oscillator sees a mere frequency drift from -20°C to 120°C. The oscillator consumes 10.9 mW at 1.4 V supply, with phase noise of -119.4 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset. The demonstrated technique is useful for providing accurate clock for a variety of applications, including those operating in harsh environment.