Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Taxes and Social Insurance Premium Burdens in Household Accounts

This paper aims (1) to examine the characteristics of various statistics by comparing Indicated Values in response to questionnaires concerning various taxes and social insurance premiums and (2) to verify the validity of fitted values of the household tax burden (in terms of income and residential taxes) by comparing the Indicated Values with the Fitted Values. First, the comparison of Indicated Values in different statistics showed that Indicated Values of tax and insurance premiums were underestimated in the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure and the Family Income and Expenditure Survey. In addition, as a result of the comparison between the Indicated Values and Fitted Values and the examination of the distribution of disparities between them, it was found that the mean disparity between the Indicated and Fitted Values of income and residential taxes was zero and the dispersion was around 3%. It was also confirmed that the disparity occurred frequently because of entry errors for the tax amount and that entry errors for values in questionnaires that affected the disparity included gbusiness income entry error h and gtax amount entry error due to errors in digits. h The implication of the examination is that Fitted Values obtained through microsimulation analysis are estimates with little bias regarding the macro values obtained through collection of data and that there is little margin of error. In that sense, these Fitted Values have sufficient precision to be used for the evaluation of policies.
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO Graduate School in Pharmacological Sciences Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Ciclo XXVII Electrical Pacing Inhibits Gap Junction-Mediated Cardiac Cell-to-Cell Communication by Promoting Cx43 Acetylation

3 INTRODUCTION 5 GAP JUNCTIONS 6 GJ in cardiovascular system 13 Connexins Regulation 15 EPIGENETICS 21 Nucleosome organization and regulation 21 The Acetylation/Deacetylation balance 22 AIM OF THE STUDY 29 METHODS 32 HL-1 cardiomyocyte culture 33 Pacing Conditions 33 Whole Cell I-Clamp 33 Calcium transient recording 34 V-FITC and Propidium Iodide Assay 34 Neonatal Rat Ventricular Cardiomyocyte (NRCM) Isolation 35 Adult Human Stromal Cell (hCStC) Isolation 35 Western Blot Analysis 36 Real Time RT-PCR 37 Cell Immunofluorescence 38 HAT & HDAC activity assays 38 Dye Transfer assays 39 Canine Model 40 Confocal Histological analysis 40 Co-Immunoprecipitation assays 41 Statistical analysis 41 RESULTS 42 Validation of HL-1 cell pacing model 43 Cx43 expression and intracellular localization was altered by electrical stimulation 44 Electrical stimulation caused an alteration of the acetylation/deacetylation balance resulting in Cx43 direct acetylation 46 Cell Pacing caused impaired cell-cell communication, rescued by AA treatment 48 Cx43 shows acetylation and lateralization in a dog model of tachypacing induced heart failure 50 DISCUSSION 51 REFERENCES 55
MORPHO-MOTORIC STATUS AND LEVEL OF NUTRITION IN NINE-YEAR-OLD GIRLS

Abstract . The nutritional status of children is an important indicator of their physical and motor development, as well as one of the factors that affects their morpho-motoric status. The aim of this study was to determine differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities in nine-year-old girls with varying degrees of nutritional status. The research was conducted on a sample of 89 third grade elementary school students in Nis, aged 9.01 ± 0.28. Based on the BMI, three sub- samples were formed (normal weight, overweight and obese participants). Morphological status was determined by measuring the parameters of longitudinal, transversal and circular dimensionality, body weight and subcutaneous fatty tissue. Motor abilities (explosive strength, coordination and speed) were determined by a battery of nine tests. Differences in morphological and motor variables were determined by using MANOVA/ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc test. The results indicate that, in regards to the BMI, there are significant differences in morpho-motoric status in nine-year-old girls. Higher values of morphological characteristics, but also a lower level of explosive strength, speed and coordination were recorded in overweight and obese participants. Key words : nutritional status, morphological characteristic, motor abilities, differences, girls.
Recovery of Bacteria in Filtering Facepiece Respirators and Effects of Artificial Saliva/Perspiration on Bacterial Survival and Performance of Respirators

ABSTRACTThis study seeks the optimal method for recovering loaded bacteria from filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and investigates the effects of artificial saliva (AS), artificial perspiration (AP) and storage conditions on the survival of bioaerosols and the filter performance of FFRs. Bioaerosols were generated using a Collison nebulizer in a test system and loaded on either N95 or surgical masks. Elution using centrifuge at 3500 rpm for ten min followed by vortexing for one min yielded a high relative survival (RS) rate of airborne Bacillus subtilis (BS) spores. When AS was added to the N95 FFR, the RS of BS declined during the first eight hours of storage and then increased to reach its highest value after 24 hr of storage. The worst case with the highest RS was at 37°C and 95% RH (p < 0.001). When AP was added to the N95 FFR and stored under the worst conditions, RS increased by over 100% during eight hours of storage. When AS was added to a surgical mask, the RS also increased by over 100% in eight hours of storage, but when AP was added to the surgical mask, RS immediately declined. When Escherichia coli (EC) were tested, their RS was lower than those of the BS samples. (Following loading with bacteria, the particle penetration and filter quality factor (qf) increased (p < 0.001) but the slope of the linear regression between the pressure drop (∆p) and the flow rate through the filter was not statistically significantly changed (p = 0.233). In conclusion, AS and AP increased the survival of BS; AP was especially effective in N95 masks and AS was especially effective in surgical masks.
Politeness strategies: Compliments

The present article is a modifi ed version of the paper read at the conference in Hradec Kralove in 2006 in which I would like to share partial outcomes of my long-term research in linguistic politeness, namely compliments. In this thumb-nail sketch the focus is on structural properties of English compliments, the comparison of compliment topics in English and Czech and different variables infl uencing the choice of a compliment response. The fi nal part of the article discusses compliments as an inseparable part of methodology strategies.
Combine effect of salting and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil on shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stored at 4 degree Celsius

The following fish samples were examined: control salted samples (A), salted samples with 0.1% of thyme oil (B), (salted samples with 0.3% of thyme oil (C), and salted samples with 0.5% of thyme oil (D). The study was based on microbiological (total viable count (TVC), Pseudomonas sp. , lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae, and H2S-producing bacteria), chemical (total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)), and sensory (colour, odour, taste, flavor, texture, and overall acceptance) analyses of changes occurring in the product as a function of treatment and storage time. The salted samples stored at 4°C were taken as the control samples. Results showed that TVC exceeded 7 log cfu/g on day 12 of storage for control samples and day 21 for C and D samples. Populations of LAB, H2S-producing bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas sp. reached higher final numbers in A and B samples than for C and D samples. Under B, C, and D treatments, TVBN values were lower than for A samples, whereas lipid oxidation, as judged by determination of TBA, did not occur during the refrigerated storage. Sensory scores of trout samples salted with thyme (groups B, C, D) decreased during storage time. However, at the end of the storage period, samples with thyme oil were acceptable by the panelist. The results of this study suggest that the shelf life in case of C and D samples was 21 d. The salting, thyme oil, and air packing were found to be effective, easy, and cheap methods of fish preservation.
Contractibility and Contract Design in Strategic Alliances

The widespread use of strategic alliances between pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies is puzzling, since it is hard to contract on the exact nature of the research activities. A major concern of pharmaceutical companies entering strategic alliances is that the biotechnology firm will use the pharmaceutical company’s funds to subsidize other projects or substitute one project for another. Using a new data set on 584 biotechnology strategic alliance contracts, we find that the parties respond to the above contracting problem by assigning the unconditional right to terminate the alliance, including the reversion of intellectual property rights, to the pharmaceutical company. We develop a model based on the property-rights theory of the firm that allows for biotechnology firm researchers to pursue multiple tasks. When research activities are non-contractible, we show that it is optimal for the pharmaceutical company to obtain the right to terminate the alliance and to receive the property rights to the terminated project. This right will induce the biotechnology firm researchers not to deviate from the proposed research activities. The contract prevents opportunistic exercise of this termination right by specifying payments triggered by the termination of the agreement. Testing the model empirically, we find that the assignment of termination and product reversion rights to the financing firm occurs in contractually difficult environments in which the parties are unlikely to be able to specify the lead product candidate. We employ further empirical tests to distinguish the property-rights explanation from alternative stories, based on uncertainty and asymmetric information about the project quality or research abilities. * We would like to thank Susan Athey, Oliver Hart, Thomas Hellmann, and Jeff Zwiebel for helpful comments. We also had helpful conversations with a number of practitioners, especially Prem Das and Michael Lytton. Charmaine Lee, Burak Guner, Chenling Zhang, and Felix Momsen provided excellent research assistance. Harvard Business School’s Division of Research provided financial support. All errors are our own.
Inter-industry differences in capital structure: Evidence from India

The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the existence of inter-industry differences in the capital structure of Indian firms and identify the possible sources of such variations in capital structure. The technique used for this cross-sectional analysis is one way analysis of variance and the analysis covers the pre and post-liberalization periods separately to indicate if there is a clear break in the financing pattern of the Indian firms due to the policy shift. Though differences is firm size contributes to the existing variation in financial leverage ratio across industry-classes to some extent, it is the nature of the industry itself or more precisely the differences in the fund requirement of industry groups based on the technology used, which is a potential source of the existing variation.
Brownian Bridge Movement Models to Characterize Birds' Home Ranges

Abstract. A Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM) is a relatively new concept that estimates the path of an animal's movement probabilistically from data recorded at brief intervals. A BBMM assumes that locations are not independent, whereas the “classical” kernel-density estimator (KDE) assumes they are. We estimated BBMM home ranges for 11 Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) and 7 Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) equipped with satellite transmitters near Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina, from October 2006 to November 2008. The 95% BBMM home ranges (95% BBMM) of the two Black Vultures that traveled >100 km from the capture site were 833 and 2111 km2; of the nine that did not travel as far, 95% BBMM ranged from 33 to 778 km2 and averaged (± SE) 243 ± 76 km2. The majority of Turkey Vultures (n = 6) traveled >100 km from the capture site with 95% BBMM ranging from 923 to 7058 km2 and averaging 3173 ± 1109 km2. We also estimated KDE home ranges, using newer satellite technology for comparison with previous studies. Overall 95% KDE ranged from 17 to 16066 km2 for the Black Vulture and 988 to 36257 km2 for the Turkey Vulture. The concept of an animal's home range has evolved over time, as have home-range estimators. With increasing use of satellite telemetry, application of BBMM can greatly enhance our understanding of home ranges, migration routes, seasonal movements, and habitat-use patterns of wild birds over large and often remote areas.
Is cochlear gain reduction related to speech-in-babble performance?

Noisy settings are difficult listening environments. With some effort, individuals with normal hearing are able to overcome this difficulty when perceiving speech, but the auditory mechanisms that help accomplish this are not well understood. One proposed mechanism is the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR), which reduces cochlear gain in response to sound. It is theorized that the MOCR could improve intelligibility by applying more gain reduction to the noise than to the speech, thereby enhancing the internal signal-to-noise ratio. To test this hypothesized relationship, the following measures were obtained from listeners with clinically normal hearing. Cochlear gain reduction was estimated psychoacoustically using a forward masking task. Speech-in-noise recognition was assessed using the QuickSIN test (Etymotic Research), which generates an estimate of the speech reception threshold (SRT) in background babble. Results were surprising because large reductions in cochlear gain were associated with large SRTs, which was the opposite of the hypothesized relationship. In addition, there was a large range for both cochlear gain reduction and SRT across listeners, with many individuals falling outside of the normal SRT range despite having normal hearing thresholds.
Institutional Quality and Underground Economy of 51 OIC Member Countries

Official rules have always acted as the most important factor to manipulate freedom and choice of individuals and businesses working in the formal sector. The main objective of this article is to explain the link between institutional quality and size of underground economy of OIC member countries. For this purpose, three indicators of control of corruption (CC), political stability (PS) and rule of law (RL) are considered as the institutional indicators. Based on empirical evidence, we test three hypotheses of existence of significantly reverse linkages between control of corruption, rule of law and political stability and the size of underground economy. Utilizing a two stage dynamic panel data with GMM estimator of Arellano-Bond during 1999- 2008, we conclude a statically negative relationship between the mentioned institutional quality indicators and size of underground economy. The results also confirm that with larger size of formal economy and more freedom of individuals and firms, the smaller size of underground economy is expected.
Dominance as a moderator in the relationship between leader'swarmth and effectiveness

The study examines the relationship between a leader’s warmth, dominance and three different indicators of leader effectiveness in the environment of a four-month long Managerial Simulation Game. Data about 184 CEOs were gained via self-reports, from the results of the simulation game, and from 3,340 of their followers. Each CEO completed an Interpersonal Checklist (ICL) and was evaluated, on average, by 18 followers in terms of her leadership emergence and perceived leader effectiveness. Group performance was assessed based on the results of game companies. Neither leader warmth nor leader dominance correlated with any of the three indicators of leader’s effectiveness. The analysis of moderation effect however revealed a significant effect of interaction of leader warmth and dominance on group performance, perceived leader effectiveness, and leadership emergence. CEOs with greater warmth are less effective when possessing a low degree of dominance. On the contrary, the relationship between warmth and leader effectiveness is positive when the degree of dominance is high. An effective leader therefore has to be both warm and dominant. A low degree of dominance combined with excessive warmth might yield a counterproductive effect. The results of the study elucidate an underexplored relationship between leader warmth and effectiveness and illustrate the importance of examining various antecedents of leadership simultaneously.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence of Principals and Student Performance in Mississippi Public Schools

Just as the quality of teachers affects students’ academic success, the quality of school leadership issignificantly related to student achievement, (Leithwood and Jantzi, 2000). The job of the schooladministrator is challenging in any set of circumstances, but the leadership in low and marginallyperforming schools presents additional and unique challenges. In fact, some districts are faced with thesocio-economic circumstances often correlated with poor performance (Heck, 1992). Breaking thecycle of poverty for these students is much more likely to occur if the type of quality educationalprogramming afforded to prospective school administrators is dramatically and innovatively enhanced.
Visualization of ULF waves in SuperDARN data

Measurements of ionospheric E × B drifts obtained with HF radars from the SuperDARN (Super Dual Auroral Radar) Network sometimes show signatures of ULF (few mHz) waves. We present a new data display technique that facilitates the detection of ULF waves in both ground and sea scatter returns. Statistical study of high time resolution data from the SuperDARN TIGER radar in Tasmania, Australia, revealed that ULF wave signatures occur on an everyday basis with ground scatter accounting for about 60% of wave events. About half of these events exhibit high coherence across large spatial distances and are associated with ULF pulsations recorded by a ground magnetometer. These results show that SuperDARN radars may be used to routinely monitor ULF waves in the high‐latitude ionosphere.
Hardware-fitted modeling and simulation of VoIP over a wireless LAN

Voice over IP communications QoS is a matter of packet loss and packet timing jitter. In order to determine the maximum number of VoIP conversations that an IEEE 802.11 type WLAN can support, a hardware fitted simulation model was developed. It was found that such a network could support between three and twelve users, depending on packet size.
Applying an accurate spherical model to gamma-ray burst afterglow observations

We present results of model fits to afterglow data sets of GRB 970508, GRB 980703 and GRB 070125, characterized by long and broad-band coverage. The model assumes synchrotron radiation (including self-absorption) from a spherical adiabatic blast wave and consists of analytic flux prescriptions based on numerical results. For the first time it combines the accuracy of hydrodynamic simulations through different stages of the outflow dynamics with the flexibility of simple heuristic formulas. The prescriptions are especially geared towards accurate description of the dynamical transition of the outflow from relativistic to Newtonian velocities in an arbitrary power-law density environment. We show that the spherical model can accurately describe the data only in the case of GRB 970508, for which we find a circumburst medium density n ∝ r−2. We investigate in detail the implied spectra and physical parameters of that burst. For the microphysics we show evidence for equipartition between the fraction of energy density carried by relativistic electrons and magnetic field. We also find that for the blast wave to be adiabatic, the fraction of electrons accelerated at the shock has to be smaller than 1. We present best-fitting parameters for the afterglows of all three bursts, including uncertainties in the parameters of GRB 970508, and compare the inferred values to those obtained by different authors.
Usage of Print and Electronic Resources at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences’ Library, University of Zagreb – Analysis and Comparison Based on the Usage Statistics

Many pieces of research have shown that different subject disciplines make different usage of professional literature. The results usually point to differences in the usage of sources of information between physical sciences, biomedical sciences and engineering on the one side, and social sciences and humanities on the other, stressing the fact that the former make more use of electronic resources than the latter. The results of this research should show us whether this is the case at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences’ Library.
Basin formation by volcanic arc loading

This paper quantifi es the fl exural subsidence expected from loading by a volcanic arc. The resulting mathematical model shows that the arc width should grow with time and that the subsidence beneath the load can be estimated from the observed arc width at the surface. Application of this model to the Halmahera Arc in Indonesia shows an excellent fi t to observations if a broken-plate model of fl exure is assumed. The model also gives an excellent fi t to data from East Java, also in Indonesia, where it is possible to forward model gravity anomalies. In particular, the depth, location, and width of the depocenter-associated gravity low are accurately reproduced, although the model does require a high density for the volcanic arc (2900 kg m–3). This may indicate additional buried loads due, for example, to magmatic underplating. Our main conclusion is that loads generated by the volcanic arc are suffi cient to account for much, if not all, of the subsidence in basins within ~100 km of active volcanoes at subduction plate boundaries, if the plate is broken. The basins will be asymmetrical and, close to the arc, will contain coarse volcaniclastic material, whereas deposits farther away are likely to be volcaniclastic turbidites. The density contrast between arc and underlying crust required to produce the Indonesian arc basins means that they are unlikely to form in young intraoceanic arcs but may be common in older and more mature arcs.
A physical model for the reverse leakage current in (In,Ga)N/GaN light-emitting diodes based on nanowires

We investigated the origin of the high reverse leakage current in light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on (In,Ga)N/GaN nanowire (NW) ensembles grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrates. To this end, capacitance deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and temperature-dependent current-voltage (I-V) measurements were performed on a fully processed NW-LED. The DLTS measurements reveal the presence of two distinct electron traps with high concentrations in the depletion region of the p-i-n junction. These band gap states are located at energies of 570 ± 20 and 840 ± 30 meV below the conduction band minimum. The physical origin of these deep level states is discussed. The temperature-dependent I-V characteristics, acquired between 83 and 403 K, show that different conduction mechanisms cause the observed leakage current. On the basis of all these results, we developed a quantitative physical model for charge transport in the reverse bias regime. By taking into account the mutual interaction of variable r.