Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MP-ROOM: Optimal Matching on Multiple PDUs for Fine-Grained Traffic Identification

This paper studies the fine-grained traffic identification (FGTI) for better understanding and managing networks.Instead of only indicating which application/protocol that a packet is related to, FGTI maps the traffic packet to ameaningful user behavior or application context. In this paper, we first propose rule organized optimal matching (ROOM),which splits the identification rules into several fields and elaborately organizes the matching order of the fields. Asa result, ROOM can only activate the matching operations on a (small) part of the rules that could be possibly hit. Weformulate the optimal rule organization problem of ROOM mathematically and demonstrate it to be NP-hard, and then wepropose a heuristic algorithm to solve the problem with the time complexity of O(N2) (N is the number of fields in the rule set). Based on ROOM, wefurther propose MP-ROOM, which is extended to well support the rules cross multiple protocol data units (PDUs) fortraffic identification. In addition, we implement a prototype system including MP-ROOM and related work for evaluations.The evaluations show very promising results: 1.5 ~71.3 times throughput improvement is obtained by MP-ROOM inthe real system with less than 300-MB memory consumption. With multiple-thread parallel programming, we successfullyachieve the throughput over 40 Gb/s for real traces.
Body Fat Content Influences the Body Composition Response to Nutrition and Exercise

Abstract: In most situations involving a significant change in body weight, both fat‐free body mass (FFM) and body fat participate, but the relative contribution of FFM and fat to the total weight change is influenced by the initial body fat content. Overfeeding: In experiments of at least 3‐weeks' duration, the weight gain of thin people comprises 60–70% lean tissues, whereas in the obese it is 30–40%. Underfeeding: In humans, there is an inverse curvilinear relationship between initial body fat content and the proportion of weight loss consisting of lean tissue. The same trend holds for animals and birds, including loss during hibernation. Another factor is the magnitude of the energy deficit: as energy intake is reduced, lean tissue makes up an increasing fraction of the total weight loss. Exercise: If individuals lose much weight with exercise, the result is usually some loss of lean tissue as well as fat, and once again the proportion of lean loss to total weight loss is greater in thin people than in those who have larger body fat burdens. Members of twin pairs often differ in weight. In thin individuals, lean accounts for about half of the intrapair weight difference, whereas in the obese it accounts for only one quarter. Body fat content must be taken into account in evaluating body composition changes induced by nutrition and exercise.
Comparison of Hybrid III and Human Body Models in Evaluating Thoracic Response for Various Seat Belt and Airbag Loading Conditions

Thoracic responses between the Hybrid III model and the THUMS human body model were compared in three frontal impact severities for two belt (3-point and criss-cross), two belt load limiter (constant and degressive) and two airbag types (symmetric and non-symmetric). The thoracic responses were evaluated by measurements of chest deflections (mid-sternum and multi-point measured), chest excursions and, for the human body model, supplemented by maximum rib strains. For the 3-point belt, an overall correlation was found between Hybrid III and THUMS chest deflections and excursions as well as between THUMS multi-point chest deflections and rib strains. For the criss-cross belt, Hybrid III chest deflections increased and THUMS rib strains decreased. For the non-symmetric airbag, Hybrid III and THUMS chest deflections decreased.
Adalimumab improves joint-related and skin-related functional impairment in patients with psoriatic arthritis: patient-reported outcomes of the Adalimumab Effectiveness in Psoriatic Arthritis Trial

Objective: To evaluate the effects of adalimumab on patient-reported outcomes of joint-related and skin-related functional impairment, health-related quality of life, fatigue and pain in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: Patients with moderately- to severely- active PsA were treated with adalimumab, 40 mg, every other week, or placebo, in this 24-week, randomised, controlled trial. Patient-reported outcomes included the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ DI), Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) Scale and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Results: Adalimumab (n = 151) and placebo (n = 162) groups were comparable with respect to baseline demographics and disease severity. Significant changes from baseline in HAQ DI were reported for adalimumab v placebo (−0.4 v −0.1, p<0.001) at both 12 and 24 weeks. At week 24, significant improvements in the SF-36 domains of physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality and social functioning, as well as the physical component summary score, were observed for adalimumab versus placebo (p<0.01). These reported changes in HAQ DI and SF-36 were also clinically important. Significantly more patients treated with adalimumab had complete resolution of functional loss (HAQ DI = 0) and dermatological-related functional limitations (DLQI = 0) compared with placebo at weeks 12 and 24 (p⩽0.001). Adalimumab led to significantly greater improvements in FACIT-Fatigue scores, pain scores, and disease activity measures versus placebo at 12 and 24 weeks (p<0.001 for all). Conclusions: Adalimumab improved physical-related and dermatological-related functional limitations, HRQOL, fatigue and pain in patients with PsA treated for 24 weeks.
A K-Anonymity Based Schema for Location Privacy Preservation

In recent years, with the development of mobile devices, the location based services (LBSs) have become more and more prevailing and most applications installed on these devices call for location information. Yet, the untrusted LBS provider can collect this location information, which may potentially threaten users’ location privacy. In view of this challenge, we propose a two-tier schema for the privacy preservation based on $k-$k-anonymity principle meanwhile reducing the cost for privacy protection. Concretely, we divide the users into groups in order to maximize the privacy level and in each group one proxy is selected to generate dummy locations and share the returned results from LBS provider; then, on each group, an auction mechanism is proposed to determine the payment of each user to the proxy as the compensation, which satisfies budget balance and incentive compatibility. To evalue the performance of the proposed schema, a simulated experiment is conducted.
Laws and Lawmakers: Science, Metaphysics, and the Laws of Nature

Preface CHAPTER 1: LAWS FORM COUNTERFACTUALLY STABLE SETS 1. Welcome 2. Their necessity sets the laws apart 3. The laws's persistence under counterfactuals 4. Nomic preservation 5. Beyond nomic preservation 6. A host of related problems: triviality, circularity, arbitrariness 7. Sub-nomic stability 8. No nonmaximal set containing accidents possesses sub-nomic stability 9. How two sub-nomically stable sets must be related: multiple strata of natural laws 10. Why the laws would still have been laws 11. Conclusion: laws form stable sets CHAPTER 2: NATURAL NECESSITY 1. Our goal in this chapter 2. The Euthyphro question 3. David Lewis's "Best-System Account" 4. Lewis's account and the laws's supervenience 5. The Euthyphro question returns 6. Are all relative necessities created equal? 7. The modality principle 8. A proposal for distinguishing genuine from merely relative modalities 9. Borrowing a strategy from Chapter 1 10. Necessity as maximal invariance 11. The laws form a system 12. Scientific essentialism squashes the pyramid 13. Why there is a natural ordering of the genuine modalities 14. Conclusion: stability, as maximal invariance, involves necessity CHAPTER 4: A WORLD OF SUBJUNCTIVES 1. What if the lawmakers were subjunctive facts? 2. The lawmakers's regress 3. Stability 4. Avoiding adhocery 5. nstantaneous rates of change and the causal explanation problem 6. Et in Arcadia ego 7. The rule of law 8. Why the laws must be complete 9. Envoi: Am I cheating?
E-shopping: an Analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model

One of the continuing issues in the management of information technologies is the difficulty of identifying significant factors that influences consumers to accept and make use of systems developed and implemented by others. Existing studies have employed the technology acceptance model (TAM) to address this issue and the model has now become one of the most widely used models in information technology. However, an exhaustive review of the literature suggest that findings of TAM relationships are not borne out in all studies - there remains a wide variation of predicted effects in various studies with different types of users and systems. While there are existing studies concentrated on online shopping globally, many conclude with calls for a closer examination of online shopping intentions in specific countries, typically those in developing and less developed countries. Online shopping remains in the early stage of development in Malaysia. Little is known about the acceptance of online shopping and the factors which influence this behaviour. This study attempts to fill in this gap by providing insights on how consumers form their attitudes and online shopping intentions to the existing literature and managerial implications for online shopping retailers and marketers on how best to serve and attract consumers to shop online via the management of online shopping technologies.
Persons with disorders of consciousness: Are oral feedings safe/effective?

Primary objective: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of providing oral feedings to persons early in coma recovery following a severe brain injury. Research design: Descriptive, retrospective study. Methods and procedures: Medical chart reviews of all patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital following severe brain injury. Main outcomes and results: Twenty-five patients met the inclusion criteria, 22 had a tracheostomy, and all were NPO. Subjects were divided into two cohorts. Group 1, n = 10, mean age 43.5 years, received oral feedings early in coma recovery. Group 2, n = 15, mean age 45.2 years, did not. Group 1, 30% returned to an oral diet of three meals daily at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation as compared to 40% in group 2 (χ2 = 0.260, p = 0.610). Average cost of care for group 1 = US$45 759 and group 2 = US$41 056 (p = 0.634). Conclusion: Safe therapeutic oral feedings, in accordance with findings from instrumental swallowing examinations, are possible for patients with disordered consciousness. The therapeutic oral feedings do not significantly increase the cost of care, but the effectiveness of oral feedings early in coma recovery requires further investigation.
The First 100 Liver Transplants at UCLA

A clinical program in liver transplantation was begun at UCLA in 1984 after a period of laboratory investigation. The first 100 orthotopic liver transplants (OLT) were performed in 83 patients (43 adults and 40 children) between February 1, 1984 and November 1, 1986. Donors and recipients were matched only for size and ABO blood group compatibility, with OLT performed across blood groups in 28 patients. Standard operative techniques were used, including venous-venous bypass in adults. Arterial reconstruction was performed using an aortic Carrel patch or “branch patch” in 65% of cases and by end-to-end or aortic conduit techniques in the remainder. The hepatic artery thrombosis rate was 5%. Biliary reconstruction was choledochocholedochostomy in 67 OLT and Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy in 33 (complication rate of 24% and 24%, respectively). Average lengths and ranges of donor liver ischemia, operating time, and blood replacement were 4 hours (range: 1–10 hours), 7.6 hours (range: 4–15 hours), and 17 units packed cells (range: 2–220 units). Immunosuppressive regimen was cyclosporine-steroid combination, with monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody (OKT3) used for refractory rejection. All patients had one or more complications: pulmonary (78%), infectious (51%), renal dialysis (25%), neurologic (22%). All patients had at least one episode of acute rejection, and 3.6% had chronic rejection. Retransplantation was needed in nine patients once and in four patients twice. The overall retransplant survival rate was 54%, and two of four patients who received a second retransplant are alive. Sixty-three of the 83 patients (76%) are alive (adults 72%, children 80%). The 1-and 2-year actuarial survival rate is 73% (adults 68%, children 78%). Thirty-eight of 43 patients (88%) who had transplantation in the past year are alive. Of 14 perioperative variables assessed as predictors of early mortality, only postoperative dialysis (p < 0.0005) and presence of severe rejection (p < 0.01) had statistical significance. Seventy per cent of adults returned to work, and 84% of children had normal or accelerated growth. A new program in liver transplantation provides a dramatic option in patient care and an academic stimulus to the entire medical center.
Antibiotics and Other Anti-infective Agents in Pregnancy and Lactation

Serum levels of many drugs are lower in pregnancy compared with the nonpregnant state. Their renal clearance is higher and the maternal intravascular volume is expanded. Most antibiotics are safe for use in pregnancy and lactation. Tetracyclines cause fetal tooth discoloration and inhibition of bone growth if used in the second and third trimesters. Aminoglycosides carry a small risk of fetal ototoxicity. Quinolones may cause arthropathies in children, and so are currently not recommended for use in pregnancy. Most drugs are secreted into breast milk in very small amounts, not enough to have any therapeutic effect. The only antibiotics which may be of concern in nursing infants are sulfonamides and quinolones, and possibly metronidazole.
Multilocus Sequence Typing of Mycoplasma hyorhinis Strains Identified by a Real-Time TaqMan PCR Assay

ABSTRACT A real-time TaqMan PCR assay based on the gene encoding the protein p37 was developed to detect Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Its specificity was validated with 29 epidemiologically unrelated M. hyorhinis strains (28 field strains and one reference strain) and other mycoplasma species or with other microorganisms commonly found in pigs. The estimated detection limit of this qPCR assay was 125 microorganism equivalents/μl. The same 29 epidemiologically unrelated M. hyorhinis strains and four previously fully sequenced strains were typed by two portable typing methods, the sequencing of the p37 gene and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. The first method revealed 18 distinct nucleotide sequences and insufficient discriminatory power (0.934). The MLST scheme was developed with the sequenced genomes of the M. hyorhinis strains HUB-1, GDL-1, MCLD, and SK76 and based on the genes dnaA, rpoB, gyrB, gltX, adk, and gmk. In total, 2,304 bp of sequence was analyzed for each strain. MLST was capable of subdividing the 33 strains into 29 distinct sequence types. The discriminatory power of the method was >0.95, which is the threshold value for interpreting typing results with confidence (D = 0.989). Population analysis showed that recombination in M. hyorhinis occurs and that strains are diverse but with a certain clonality (one unique clonal complex was identified). The new qPCR assay and the robust MLST scheme are available for the acquisition of new knowledge on M. hyorhinis epidemiology. A web-accessible database has been set up for the M. hyorhinis MLST scheme at http://pubmlst.org/mhyorhinis/.
γδ T‐cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia with spontaneous remission

T‐cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a clonal disorder with an indolent clinical course. In July 1995, a 46‐year‐old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital because his anemia had progressed. He had a white blood cell count of 3.9 × 109/L with 75% lymphocytes, which were intermediate to large and had almost round nuclei and azurophilic granules, and anemia with a red blood cell count (RBC) of 2.69 × 1012/L, hemoglobin (Hb) of 9.5 g/dL, and hematocrit (Hct) of 28.3%. Electron microscopic examination showed that most of the lymphocytes had a parallel tubular array and dense core granules in their cytoplasm. Flow cytometry and Southern blotting of the T‐cell antigen receptor (TCR) genes using the peripheral blood species showed monoclonal proliferation of LGLs with a CD3+, TCRγδ+, CD4−, CD8−, CD16+, CD56−, CD57−, HLA‐DR+ phenotype, and a TCR γ gene rearrangement, respectively, suggesting that the patient was diagnosed as having γδ T‐cell LGL leukemia. He had no symptoms, organomegaly, or skin lesions. About 1.5 years after diagnosis, the anemia gradually improved with disappearance and appearance of a rearranged band in the TCR‐γ gene and TCR‐β gene, respectively. About 7 years after diagnosis, the anemia improved completely with a RBC of 5.01 × 1012/L, Hb of 14.8 g/dL, and Hct of 44.3%, and he was in complete remission without TCR‐β and ‐γ gene rearrangements. He had received no therapy. This is the first report of spontaneous remission of γδ T‐cell LGL leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 75:168–172, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Normal Exercise Blood Pressure Response in African-American Women with Parental History of Hypertension

Background:Genetic and environmental hypotheses may explain why normotensive persons at high risk of developing hypertension often exhibit greater cardiovascular reactivity to stressors than those at low risk. Methods:Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate reproducibility and independent t test to compare the cardiovascular responses to 30 W of exercise of normotensive young adult African-American women with positive and negative parental histories (PH) of hypertension (PH+, n = 23; PH−, n = 20). Results:Correlations were significant for duplicate measurements. The effects of PH on blood pressure measured at rest and during exercise were not statistically significant (P > 0.1). A nearly significant trend for greater resting &OV0312;O2 (P = 0.08) was detected in the PH− than in the PH+ group (3.67 ± 0.18 versus 3.26 ± 0.14 mL/kg/min). Conclusion:A hyper-reactive blood pressure response to exercise, characteristic of the evolution of hypertension, may not be present among the normotensive female offspring of hypertensive African Americans. The significance of an 11% intergroup difference in the mean resting &OV0312;O2 observed in this study is unclear.
Survey of Savanna Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Southeastern Sénégal

A survey of the western subspecies of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) was conducted from 1 February to 9 April 2000 in Sénégal, West Africa, by the Miami Assirik Pan Project (MAPP). In addition to the Assirik area of the Parc National du Niokolo Koba (PNNK), areas south and east of the park were surveyed. Nests made by chimpanzees were used to estimate chimpanzee distribution and densities. Within the PNNK, chimpanzees were estimated to occur at an average of 0.13 individuals/km2. Chimpanzee nests were recorded in nine of 10 locales surveyed outside of the PNNK, as well as within the park. Data on 994 nests made by chimpanzees were recorded outside the PNNK, while 736 nests were recorded inside the park. Nest density in areas surveyed outside the PNNK, such as Bandafassi, Tomboronkoto, and Segou, was comparable to that of Assirik in habitats where nests were concentrated (i.e., evergreen gallery forest). The purpose of MAPP was to initiate long‐term research of chimpanzees in southeastern Sénégal, as a follow‐up to the Stirling African Primate Project (SAPP) of the 1970s. We sought to replicate the standards set by the SAPP project, except when technological innovations allowed improvement in data collection procedures (e.g., the global positioning system (GPS)). Am. J. Primatol. 58:35–43, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The space-time cube as part of a GeoVisual analytics environment to support the understanding of movement data

This paper reports the results of an empirical usability experiment on the performance of the space-time cube in a GeoVisual analytics environment. It was developed to explore movement data based on the requirements of human geographers. The interactive environment consists of multiple coordinated views incorporating three graphical representations. For the experiment, two groups of the user, domain experts and non-domain experts, had to execute several map-use tasks to answers specific question. The data collected during the experiment were analysis resulting in a set of usability metrics related to the effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction of developed application. The comparison of both groups showed that domain experts were able to operate the visual analytical environment more effectively and efficiently due to their interest to explore their data. The user feedback derived from the analysis of both experiments was further processed for the improvement of the application.
Infra-red spectroscopy and its application to microbiology

Colorimeters and non-recording spectrophotometers for visible and ultra-violet light have been used for many years and are to be found in most microbiological laboratories. With the need for greater speed of operation, recording instruments are now coming into more general use. During the last two decades recording infra-red spectrophotometers have been developed and these have enabled the absorption measurements on micro-organisms to be extended into the infra-red region of the spectrum. Two factors have tended to retard the use of infra-red spectrophotometry. One is the high initial cost of the equipment and the other is the large absorption of infra-red radiation by water. Despite these difficulties, a considerable amount of work has now been done and it seems profitable to review the varied applications to which infra-red spectroscopy has already been put and to indicate the results which have been obtained by its use.
Different vasodilator responses of human arms and legs

Forearm vascular responses to intra‐arterial infusions of endothelium‐dependent and ‐independent vasodilators have been thoroughly characterized in humans. While the forearm is a well‐established experimental model for studying human vascular function, it is of limited consequence to systemic cardiovascular control owing to its small muscle mass and blood flow requirements. In the present study we determined whether these responses could be generalized to the leg. Based upon blood pressure differences between the leg and arm during upright posture, we hypothesized that the responsiveness to endothelium‐dependent vasodilators would be greater in the forearm than the leg. Brachial and femoral artery blood flow (Q, ultrasound Doppler) at rest and during intra‐arterial infusions of endothelium‐dependent (acetylcholine and substance P) and ‐independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilators were measured in eight healthy men (22–27 years old). Resting blood flows in the forearm before infusion of acetylcholine, substance P or sodium nitroprusside were 25 ± 4, 30 ± 7 and 29 ± 5 ml min−1, respectively, and in the leg were 370 ± 32, 409 ± 62 and 330 ± 30 ml min−1, respectively. At the highest infusion rate of acetylcholine (16 μg (100 ml tissue)−1 min−1) there was a greater (P < 0.05) increase in Q to the forearm (1864 ± 476%) than to the leg (569 ± 86%). Similarly, at the highest infusion rate of substance P (125 pg (100 ml tissue)−1 min−1) there was a greater (P < 0.05) increase in Q to the forearm (911 ± 286%) than to the leg (243 ± 58%). The responses to sodium nitroprusside (1 μg (100 ml tissue)−1 min−1) were also greater (P < 0.05) in the forearm (925 ± 164%) than in the leg (326 ± 65%). These data indicate that vascular responses to both endothelium‐dependent and ‐independent vasodilator agents are blunted in the leg compared to the forearm.