Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Relevance

STEM CELLS 1999;17:1-8 Correspondence: Dr. Donald Metcalf, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Post Office 3050, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia. Accepted for publication November 3, 1998. ©AlphaMed Press 1066-5099/99/$5.00/0 As a compulsive worker, unable to undertake purportedly health-giving regular physical exercise, I had not really envisaged reaching 70 and finding myself still working a full day at the bench. When the then-legal age for retirement at 65 approached for me, it was clear enough that I should vacate my existing position in the Institute and thereafter keep a low profile. So much was common courtesy toward my younger colleagues, ready and willing to chance their arm. What was equally apparent, however, was that because I had many experiments in progress, it made no sense to cease this activity. Indeed, because I usually work on team projects initiated with my colleagues, my scientific life presumably could continue very much as it had previously, with its daily data gathering, interspersed with the usual kaleidoscopic patches of frustration or excitement. These readjustments have in fact occurred and, if my position on the authors’ list is now often lower than it once was, there remain regular first-author manuscripts and nothing much appears to have changed in daily laboratory life. Change there has been, however, and change that I had not envisaged. My situation as an active but elderly research worker is rather uncommon and there were few examples among my contemporaries or predecessors to alert me to what was likely to happen. Although it happened slowly, and in the nicest possible way, I perceived myself becoming increasingly irrelevant to my colleagues in the field. This perception may, of course, have been a mistaken impression due to my somewhat hypersensitive state. Furthermore, relevance is a somewhat intangible quality, easily confused with influence; the latter often being the consequence of position or power. After the first shock of realization that I was now beginning to be judged irrelevant, I have spent some time reflecting on the nature and origins of the state of relevance. Who or what defines relevance? Why does a judgment on relevance matter? How does one assess one’s personal relevance or the relevance of one’s current research? Can one minimize or avoid the risk of becoming irrelevant?
Success rates of formocresol pulpotomy and indirect pulp therapy in the treatment of deep dentinal caries in primary teeth.

PURPOSE This study was performed to retrospectively evaluate treatment of deep caries in primary molars with formocresol pulpotomy (FP) and indirect pulp therapy (IPT). METHODS 133 primary molars with deep caries approaching the pulp were treated with FP (N = 78) or IPT (N = 55) and followed 2-7 years. All IPTs received immediate stainless steel crowns (SSCs); 61 FPs got an immediate SSC, 13 an intermediate restorative material (IRM), and 4 amalgam. Thirteen IPTs and 25 FPs had pre-operative pain compatible with a diagnosis of reversible pulpitis. Treatment notes and radiographs were independently assessed. RESULTS Overall IPT success was 93% (51/55) versus 74% (58/78) for FP. Molars with pain compatible with a diagnosis of reversible pulpitis were successfully treated by IPT 85% (11/13) versus 76% (19/25) for FP. FP-treated molars exhibited earlier exfoliation 38% (30/78), while all IPT molars exhibited normal exfoliation. FPs receiving immediate SSCs had 50/61 (82%) succeed; FPs restored with an IRM temporary succeeded 5/13 (39%), amalgam 3/4 (75%). CONCLUSIONS IPT success was significantly higher than FP (P = 0.01) in the treatment of deep caries. Both IPT and FP were successful in treating teeth with pain compatible with the diagnosis of reversible pulpitis. FP significantly hastened the exfoliation of pulpotomized primary molars (P = 0.001). IPT in primary teeth can be successfully used in a one step procedure. SSCs placed immediately after FP significantly increased FP success vs. FP followed by IRM temporary (P = 0.01).
The Swelling of Rat Liver Mitochondria During Feeding of Amino Azo Dyes

Swelling under carefully controlled conditions has been used to study alterations in the structure of rat liver mitochondria as a result of feeding azo dyes. The changes of the swelling properties of the mitochondria during feeding of the hepatocarcinogenic 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene are essentially comparable to those observed previously with the microsomes, under the same dietary conditions. These alterations in mitochondrial swelling are not related to changes in the amount of these cell particulates per unit weight of tissue, during feeding of this azo dye. As with the microsomes, feeding of the isomeric but relatively noncarcinogenic 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene does not affect swelling. The structural differences between liver and hepatoma mitochondria show up not only in the rate and extent of swelling but also in the form of the curves of pH dependence. The influene~ of ketones and sulfhydryl cmnpounds on the swelling of normal liver mitochondria were studied, with particular emphasis to the role of sulfhydryl groups in membrane permeability. The sudden steep rise in the tumor incidence in groups of rats fed 3'-methyl-4dimethylaminoazobenzene for increasing intervals of time occurs at about 4 weeks. This time correlates with the point of the minimum swelling of microsomes and mitochondria isolated from the livers of rats fed this same dye. Thus, a correlation is established between the alterations of the swelling properties of these particulates and the carcinogenic process. In previous studies (1) swelling was used to detect alterations in the fine structure of rat liver microsomes during feeding of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. I t was observed that the decrease of the swelling ability of the microsomes, which can be detected even during the 1st week of feeding of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, reaches a minimum at 4 weeks. If the feeding of the dye is continued, the swelling ability gradually returns to a nearly normal level at about 20 weeks. The swelling properties of microsomes from hepatomas which are induced by * This work was supported by the United States Public Health Service Research Grant C-4351(R1). J. BIOPtlYSIC. AND BIOCItEM. CYTOL. , 1963, Vol. 7, No I 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, resemble those from the liver of rats after the dye has been fed for 4 weeks. These findings suggested that after 4 weeks a critical period is reached in which a few surviving cells undergo certain irreversible structural alterations and become tumor cells. In contrast to these findings with the carcinogen, no appreciable change in microsomal swelling could be observed when animals were fed the noncarcinogenic isomer, 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. I t was felt that a correlation between the changes observed in microsomal swelling and the actual appearance of gross tumors would provide an indication of whether these phenomena are
Unfaithful Glitch Propagation in Existing Binary Circuit Models

We show that no existing continuous-time, binary value-domain model for digital circuits is able to correctly capture glitch propagation. Prominent examples of such models are based on pure delay (P) channels, inertial delay (I) channels, or the elaborate PID channels proposed by Bellido-Díaz et al. We accomplish our goal by considering the solvability/non-solvability border of a simple problem called Short-Pulse Filtration (SPF), which is closely related to arbitration and synchronization. On one hand, we prove that SPF is solvable in bounded time in any such model that provides channels with non-constant delay, like I and PID. However, this is in opposition to the impossibility of solving bounded SPF in real (Newtonian) circuit models, which follows from well-known results on the behavior of bi-stable circuits obtained by Marino. On the other hand, for binary circuit models with pure delay channels, we prove that SPF cannot be solved even in unbounded time. This, however, is in opposition to the fact that one can easily solve the unbounded SPF problem in Newtonian circuit models. Consequently, indeed none of the binary value-domain models proposed so far faithfully captures glitch propagation of real circuits.
Heterogeneous geographic patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity between two alcohol dehydrogenase genes in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subspecies spontaneum).

Patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity in the predominantly self-fertilizing species Hordeum vulgare subspecies spontaneum (wild barley) are compared between the putative alcohol dehydrogenase 3 locus (denoted "adh3") and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (adh1), two related but unlinked loci. The data consist of a sequence sample of 1,873 bp of "adh3" drawn from 25 accessions that span the species range. There were 104 polymorphic sites in the sequenced region of "adh3. " The data reveal a strong geographic pattern of diversity at "adh3" despite geographic uniformity at adh1. Moreover, levels of nucleotide sequence diversity differ by nearly an order of magnitude between the two loci. Genealogical analysis resolved two distinct clusters of "adh3" alleles (dimorphic sequence types) that coalesce roughly 3 million years ago. One type consists of accessions from the Middle East, and the other consists of accessions predominantly from the Near East. The two "adh3" sequence types are characterized by a high level of differentiation between clusters ( approximately 2.2%), which induces an overall excess of intermediate frequency variants in the pooled sample. Finally, there is evidence of intralocus recombination in the "adh3" data, despite the high level of self-fertilization characteristic of wild barley.
Comparison of Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated in northern Italy from dairy products and fishes through molecular typing

Aims: To investigate the genetic relatedness between Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from fish and dairy samples collected in northern Italy, using random‐amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sau‐PCR and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP).
Coordinating a Team Response to Behavioral Emergencies in the Emergency Department: A Simulation-Enhanced Interprofessional Curriculum

Introduction While treating potentially violent patients in the emergency department (ED), both patients and staff may be subject to unintentional injury. Emergency healthcare providers are at the greatest risk of experiencing physical and verbal assault from patients. Preliminary studies have shown that a team-based approach with targeted staff training has significant positive outcomes in mitigating violence in healthcare settings. Staff attitudes toward patient aggression have also been linked to workplace safety, but current literature suggests that providers experience fear and anxiety while caring for potentially violent patients. The objectives of the study were (1) to develop an interprofessional curriculum focusing on improving teamwork and staff attitudes toward patient violence using simulation-enhanced education for ED staff, and (2) to assess attitudes towards patient aggression both at pre- and post-curriculum implementation stages using a survey-based study design. Methods Formal roles and responsibilities for each member of the care team, including positioning during restraint placement, were predefined in conjunction with ED leadership. Emergency medicine residents, nurses and hospital police officers were assigned to interprofessional teams. The curriculum started with an introductory lecture discussing de-escalation techniques and restraint placement as well as core tenets of interprofessional collaboration. Next, we conducted two simulation scenarios using standardized participants (SPs) and structured debriefing. The study consisted of a survey-based design comparing pre- and post-intervention responses via a paired Student t-test to assess changes in staff attitudes. We used the validated Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale (MAVAS) consisting of 30 Likert-scale questions grouped into four themed constructs. Results One hundred sixty-two ED staff members completed the course with >95% staff participation, generating a total of 106 paired surveys. Constructs for internal/biomedical factors, external/staff factors and situational/interactional perspectives on patient aggression significantly improved (p<0.0001, p<0.002, p<0.0001 respectively). Staff attitudes toward management of patient aggression did not significantly change (p=0.542). Multiple quality improvement initiatives were successfully implemented, including the creation of an interprofessional crisis management alert and response protocol. Staff members described appreciation for our simulation-based curriculum and welcomed the interaction with SPs during their training. Conclusion A structured simulation-enhanced interprofessional intervention was successful in improving multiple facets of ED staff attitudes toward behavioral emergency care.
Twenty–Four Month Incidence of Root Caries among a Diverse Group of Adults

Objectives: (1) Describe for a diverse sample the 24–month incidence of root caries, and (2) test its association with a broad range of clinical, behavioral, financial, and sociodemographic factors. Methods: The Florida Dental Care Study was a cohort study of randomly selected subjects who had at least 1 tooth and were 45 years or older at baseline. In–person interviews and clinical examinations were conducted at baseline and 24 months, with 6–monthly telephone interviews between those times; 723 subjects participated for both examinations. A multinomial logistic regression was done to predict whether the subject was in one of four mutually exclusive groups [new root decay only (NDO); new root filling(s) only (NFO); both new decay and new filling(s) (BOTH), or had neither (NONE)]. Results: Thirty–six percent of subjects had at least 1 new root decayed and/or filled surface (DFS); 17% were in the NDO group, 14% in the NFO group, and 5% in the BOTH group. When limited to participants who had a nonzero increment, the mean (SD) DFS was 2.7 (2.9). Baseline clinical condition (presence of root decay, root filling(s), coronal decay, noncarious root defects, number of teeth present, percent of teeth with at least 4 mm of attachment loss) was predictive of moving from the NONE group into the NDO, NFO, or BOTH groups. The addition of behavioral, financial, and sociodemographic factors improved model fit. For example, regular dental attenders were significantly more likely to move from the NONE group into the NFO group, but regular attendance was not associated with a lower probability of moving from the NONE group into the NDO or BOTH groups. Conclusions: Root caries is a substantive dental health problem in this diverse sample of adults. These analyses demonstrate the utility of disaggregating caries incidence into four mutually exclusive groups for predictive models.
Biting and Chewing in Overdentures, Full Dentures, and Natural Dentitions

It has been suggested that the provision of dental implants can improve the oral function of subjects with severely resorbed mandibles, possibly restoring function to the level experienced by satisfied wearers of conventional complete dentures. Nevertheless, a quantitative comparison has never been made and can be drawn from the literature only with difficulty, since studies differ greatly in methodology. To make such a comparison, we measured bite force and chewing efficiency by using identical methods in subjects with overdentures, complete full dentures, and natural dentitions. Our results indicated that bite forces achieved with overdentures on dental implants were between those achieved with artificial and natural dentitions. Chewing efficiency was significantly greater than that of subjects with full dentures (low mandible), but was still lower than that of subjects with full dentures (high mandible) and overdentures on bare roots. Differences in the height of the mandible revealed significant differences in chewing efficiency between the two full-denture groups. Furthermore, subjects with a shortened dental arch exerted bite forces similar to those of subjects with a complete-natural dentition, but their chewing efficiency was limited due to the reduced occlusal area. For all groups combined, a significant correlation was found between maximum bite force and chewing efficiency. Nearly half of the variation in chewing efficiency was explained by bite force alone.
Temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: prevalence, clinical and radiological signs, and relation to dentofacial morphology.

OBJECTIVE To perform a prospective, comprehensive, clinical, and radiological evaluation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement and its influence on craniofacial growth, in a cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), representing all JIA subtypes. METHODS Clinical rheumatologic and orthodontic evaluations were performed in 100 patients with JIA [12 systemic arthritis, 24 rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative polyarthritis, 1 RF-positive polyarthritis, 39 oligoarthritis, 22 enthesitis-related arthritis, 2 psoriatic arthritis]. An orthopantomogram and lateral cephalogram were performed in 46 patients. The prevalence of TMJ arthritis was studied in relation to JIA subtype and disease characteristics; cephalometric measurements were compared to those from age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Whereas 55% of patients with JIA had at least one symptom/sign of TMJ arthritis, 78% of the radiographed group exhibited condylar lesions. The presence of condylar damage was not related to clinical orthodontic findings or to JIA subtype, disease activity, severity, or duration. Patients with JIA exhibited larger mandibular plane and A-nasion-B angles, larger total anterior facial height, smaller interincisal and sella-nasion-B angles, and shorter mandibular ramus lengths than their age- and sex-matched controls. Craniofacial alterations were clearly related to the presence of condylar damage, even when present at a minimal degree. CONCLUSION Our data show that TMJ condylar damage occurs very frequently in JIA, and irrespective of JIA subtype; condylar lesions can present early, progress insidiously, and -- even at a minimal degree -- can severely alter the craniofacial profile. We propose that the followup of patients with JIA should include early and regular evaluation by an orthodontist, supplemented with radiographic TMJ imaging.
Taking dental self-care to the extreme: 24-month incidence of dental self-extractions in the Florida Dental Care Study.

OBJECTIVE A common response to health-related symptoms is to treat oneself in lieu of or prior to seeking formal health care. Among the more extreme forms of dental self-care is dental self-extraction. To our knowledge, no study of the incidence of this behavior has been conducted. The objective of this study was to determine if one form of dental self-care, dental self-extraction, is a real phenomenon, and if so, to determine its incidence. METHODS The Florida Dental Care Study is a longitudinal study of changes in oral health, whose subjects participated for an interview and clinical examination at baseline and 24 months after baseline. RESULTS Of the 739 persons who participated through 24 months 176 lost one or more teeth. Of these 176 persons, 13 (7%) extracted one or more of their own teeth. The clinical status at baseline of the self-extracted teeth was consistent with the ability to self-extract. CONCLUSION The phenomenon of dental self-extraction is real and is not limited to residents of developing nations or geographically isolated areas. Because of the potential for prolonged bleeding or bacterial endocarditis in certain population groups, community health clinicians and officials should be cognizant of this behavior.
Treatment of lower second premolar agenesis by autotransplantation: four-year evaluation of eighty patients.

The frequency of agenesis of the second lower premolar is 2.5-4%. In growing patients, early extraction of the deciduous molar and subsequent closure of the space is a common therapy, but in some cases space closure is deemed unlikely and autotransplantation is an alternative. The aim of the study was to analyze the outcome of autotransplantation in replacing missing lower second premolars and to evaluate the associated presurgical orthodontic treatment. The material consisted of records of all patients with teeth transplanted to the lower second premolar region during the period 1988-89 at the Department of Oral Surgery, Eastman Institute, Stockholm. The following variables were registered: sex, age, number of transplanted teeth, donor tooth, root development, recipient site, orthodontic treatment, persisting temporary molar, total number of congenitally missing teeth, the surgeon responsible, and clinical and radiological follow-up variables. Of 110 transplanted teeth, 99 had not completed root formation, and in 11 teeth the root formation was completed. The success rates after 4 years were 92% and 82%, respectively. Both premolars and molars served as donor teeth, but the main donor tooth was the upper second premolar. Fourteen percent had been orthodontically treated only because of the transplantation, i.e. to open the space for the donor tooth. Treatment of agenesis of the second lower premolar by autotransplantation has a good prognosis. In growing individuals the transplant not only maintains growth and development of the alveolar ridge but also provides a permanent solution to the agenesis.
The Effects of Temperature upon Contraction and Ionic Exchange in Rabbit Ventricular Myocardium

The mechanical responses (active and resting tension, dP/dt, TPT) and ionic exchange characteristics (Ca++, K+, Na+) which follow upon a variation in temperature, rate, and [K+]o were studied in the rabbit papillary muscle and arterially perfused rabbit interventricular setpum. Abrupt changes in temperature provided a means of separating the contributions of rate of development (intensity) of active state and duration of active state to total active tension development (approximated by isometric tension). Threefold changes in duration of active state with proportional changes in active tension can be induced without evidence for alteration of Ca++, K+, or Na+ exchange. Abrupt cooling produced a moderate (∼15%) increase of dP/dt which suggests an augmentation of active state intensity. Evidence is presented to suggest that this increase of dP/dt is based upon an increase in membrane Ca++ concentration which occurs secondary to inhibition of active Na+ transport. The alterations in ionic exchange and active state produced by variation of temperature are discussed in terms of a five-component control system.
A Review of its Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties , and Therapeutic Potential in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Various sections of the manuscript reviewed by: J.M. Buzelin, Department of Urology, University Hospital Center of Nantes, Nantes, France; B. -E. Carbin, Department of Urology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; T. Hald, Department of Urology. Herlev Hospital/University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; A. Jardin, Urology Department, H6pital de Bicetre, Kremlin-Bietre, France; A. Martelli, Department of Urology, University of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola, Bologna. Italy; D.L. Rothwell, Gilgit Road Specialist Centre, Epsom, Auckland, New Zealand; M.G. Scott, Department of Pharmacy, Waveney Hospital, Ballymena, Northern Ireland; M.A. Stott, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital. Exeter, Devon, England