Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Sampling of Acinetobacter baumannii: Moistened Swabs Versus Moistened Sterile Gauze Pads

To the Editor: The recommended use of flash sterilization is for the emergency sterilization of unwrapped, nonporous metal items in gravity-displacement sterilizer for 3 minutes at 132°C. Flash sterilization commonly is used in the operating room for emergency sterilization of dropped or otherwise contaminated instruments, instruments unintentionally left out of a surgical tray or, inappropriately, to compensate for inadequate inventories of instruments or implantable devices. We report here two patients who received clinically significant burns during surgery from instruments that had been flash sterilized. Patient 1, a 22-year-old female, underwent a right anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. She suffered a partial-thickness burn to her right thigh when a hot instrument (a shaver housing) was placed on her leg after being flash sterilized. This instrument required flash sterilization so it could be used on this patient, who was the second case. Approximately 15 minutes had elapsed from the time the instrument was sterilized until it was placed on the patient. The burn occurred following attempts to cool the instrument The nurse was able to hold the instrument in her hand, although it felt warm. Skin grafting was not required but the injury resulted in a permanent scar. Patient 2, a 67-year-old female, underwent a right total hip replacement. Hands-free retractors with weights had been used on the first case of the day and were not immediately resterilized after that first case in preparation for this patient, who was the second case. She suffered a full-thickness burn after a weight that had been flash sterilized was placed on her thigh. The surgeon placed the weight on her skin and after a few minutes, when he realized that the weight was still hot, he immediately placed a wet, cold towel over the area. Erythema was noted at the site of the weight in the operating room. The patient presented 2 weeks later with full-thickness burns to two areas on the thigh; one area measured 2 cm in diameter and the other 5 cm in diameter. Skin grafting was not required, but the injury resulted in permanent scars. After these incidents, the following corrective actions were undertaken. First, additional surgical instruments were purchased to reduce the need for flash sterilization. Second, a policy was instituted requiring that all instruments be cooled following flash sterilization prior to use by the surgeon. This was accomplished by either air cooling or immersion in sterile saline. Third, all staff were educated regarding the need to cool flashsterilized instruments prior to use. No additional burns have occurred in the year since these incidents. We believe that this is the first report of clinically important burns in patients following the use of flashsterilized instruments. We recommend that all healthcare facilities that use flash sterilization develop policies and educate staff to prevent the use of instruments hot enough to cause clinical burns. The use of flash sterilization should be limited to recognized indications.
Relation of properties of isolated myosin to those of intact muscles of the cat and sloth.

Myosin was prepared from the extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis, tibialis anterior, flexor of the claws of the anterior limb, and diaphragm muscles of the cat and didactyl sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni Peters). Actin-activated, Ca2+-activated, and EDTA-activated ATPase activities of the myosins from cat muscles were two to four times higher than those of the myosins from the same muscles of the sloth. The difference in the Ca2+-activated ATPase activity was found in the pH range of 5.5 to 10.0, and in the KCl concentration range of 50 mM to 500 mM at pH 7.0. The kinetic characteristics of the two myosins indicated that both the Km and the Vmax of the ATPase activities of the sloth myosin were lower than those of cat myosin by a factor of several-fold. Reconstituted cat actomyosin superprecipitated four to six times faster than sloth actomyosin. This difference in the superprecipitation did not vary appreciably when the concentration of ATP and the ratio of myosin to actin were varied. A correlation between the ATPase activity and the speed of superprecipitation of actomyosins of the cat and sloth was shown. The contraction time of various muscles of the cat and sloth was found to be inversely proportional to the actin-activated ATPase activity of their respective myosins. The speed constant of shortening of the muscles of the diaphragm appeared to be proportional to the actin-activated ATPase activity of their myosin. In contrast to the ATPase activity of myosin, which varied according to the speed of contraction, the actin-binding ability of myosins of the cat and sloth was rather constant. The extent of superprecipitation of various reconstituted actomyosins of the cat and sloth was also the same. These properties of the isolated myosins were related to the similar tension output of the muscles of the cat and sloth.
The mediating role of alienation in the development of maladjustment in youth exposed to community violence

A study was conducted to determine predictors of high risk/delinquent behavior and psychoemotional maladjustment in 1,478 sixth and eighth graders who took part in a survey of high-risk and adaptive behaviors. The first goal was to determine the extent to which two distinct dimensions of alienation, normlessness, and isolation/self-estrangement mediated the emergence of maladjustment in youth exposed to community violence. The second goal was to distinguish between violence witnessing and violence victimization, and determine whether these subtypes of violence exposure may differentially affect the proposed mediational factors. The results indicated that normlessness partially mediated the relationship between violence exposure and high-risk/delinquent behavior and between violence exposure and psychoemotional maladjustment. Isolation/self-estrangement partially mediated the relation between violence exposure and psychoemotional maladjustment. Although witnessing of, and victimization by, violence were both significant predictors of normlessness, only violent victimization was significantly linked to isolation/self-estrangement. These results elucidate the mechanisms by which community violence exposure may exert negative influences on youth and suggest that there are distinct patterns of risk associated with different forms of exposure.This research was facilitated by the support of the William T. Grant Foundation and the Harris Program on Social Policy. The authors gratefully acknowledge the New Haven Public Schools, especially Superintendent Dr. Reginald Mayo and Assistant Superintendent Dr. Verdell Roberts. The authors thank Drs. Alan Kazdin, Joseph Mahoney, and Edward Zigler for their helpful feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript.
Cardioprotection mechanism of mangiferin on doxorubicin-induced rats: Focus on intracellular calcium regulation

Abstract Context: The molecular mechanism of doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity involves overproduction of free radicals that leads to intracellular calcium dysregulation and apoptosis. Mangiferin (MGR), a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, has antioxidant and cardioprotective properties. However, its cardioprotection mechanism has yet to be revealed. Objective: This study determines whether the cardioprotective effect of MGR is caused by its effect on intracellular calcium regulation. Materials and methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were induced by DOX intraperitoneally with a total dose of 15 mg/kg bw. MGR was given orally at the doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg bw/d for seven consecutive weeks. The parameters examined were mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokine gene (TNF-α), calcium regulatory gene (SERCA2a) and proapoptotic genes (caspase-9 and caspase-12), as well as cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium levels. Results: Treatment with MGR at 60 mg/kg bw/d significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α by 44.55% and caspase-9 by 52.79%, as well as the cytosolic calcium level by 24.15% (p < 0.05). SERCA2a and caspase-12 expressions were only slightly affected (27.27% increase and 24.85% decrease for SERCA2a and caspase-12, respectively, p > 0.05). Meanwhile, MGR 30 mg/kg bw/d gave insignificant results in all parameters. Discussion and conclusion: MGR protected against DOX-induced cardiac inflammation and apoptosis via down-regulation of proapoptotic and proinflammatory gene expressions, upregulation of SERCA2a gene expression, and normalization of cytosolic calcium level. Thus, the cardioprotective effect of MGR is at least in part due to the regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis.
Australian SKA Pathfinder: A High-Dynamic Range Wide-Field of View Survey Telescope

The Australia SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) is a new telescope under development as a world-class high-dynamic-range wide-field-of-view survey instrument. It will utilize focal plane phased array feeds on the 36 12-m antennas that will compose the array. The large amounts of data present a huge computing challenge, and ASKAP will store data products in an archive after near real-time pipeline processing. This powerful instrument will be deployed at a new radio-quiet observatory, the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in the midwest region of Western Australia, to enable sensitive surveys of the entire sky to address some of the big questions in contemporary physics. As a pathfinder for the SKA, ASKAP will demonstrate field of view enhancement and computing/processing technology as well as the operation of a large-scale radio array in a remote and radio-quiet region of Australia.
Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation From Noncentrosymmetric Nanohole Arrays in a Gold Film

A subwavelength aperture array in a gold film is fabricated for the purpose of second harmonic generation (SHG). The sunglass aperture shape is chosen to have an apex to increase the local field; however, unlike past research on double-hole structures, the inversion symmetry of the structure is intentionally broken to enhance the SHG. A systematic study of the influence of array periodicity and aperture shape is provided. The conditions for maximum SHG are discussed in terms of local field enhancement, excitation of the localized surface plasmon resonances, and the influence of array periodicity. Fully vectorial finite-difference electromagnetic calculations provide the effective index of the aperture modes, as well as the surface electric field to quantify the discussion. Both the sunglass and double-hole structures are promising for future implementation with less-expensive optical lithography since it is mainly composed of two holes; yet they produce sharp apexes for enhanced local field and thereby enhanced nonlinear light-matter interaction.
Advanced Neuroimaging in Children with Nonaccidental Trauma

Physical abuse associated with nonaccidental trauma (NAT) affects approximately 144,000 children per year in the USA and, frequently, these injuries affect the developing brain. Most infants with suspected NAT are initially evaluated by skull X-rays and computed tomography to determine whether fractures are present, the severity of the acute injury and the need for urgent neurosurgical intervention. Increasingly, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is conducted as it provides additional diagnostic and prognostic information about the extent and nature of the injury. In this review, we examine 4 MRI techniques as they apply to children who present acutely after NAT. Susceptibility-weighted imaging is a 3-D high-resolution MRI technique that is more sensitive than conventional imaging in detecting hemorrhagic lesions that are often associated with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy acquires metabolite information reflecting neuronal integrity and function from multiple brain regions and provides a sensitive, noninvasive assessment of neurochemical alterations that offers early prognostic information regarding outcome. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is based on differences in the diffusion of water molecules within the brain and has been shown to be very sensitive in the early detection of ischemic injury. It is now being used to study the direct effects of traumatic injury as well as those due to secondary ischemia. Diffusion tensor imaging is a form of DWI and allows better evaluation of white matter fiber tracts by taking advantage of the intrinsic directionality (anisotropy) of water diffusion in the human brain. It has been shown to be useful in identifying white matter abnormalities after DAI when conventional imaging appears normal. Although these imaging methods have been studied primarily in adults and children with accidental traumatic brain injury, it is clear that they have the potential to provide additional value in the imaging and clinical evaluation of children with NAT.
Biochemical Composition and Fatty Acid, Amino Acid Analysis of Cymadusa Filosa (Amphipod; Gammarids) in the Red Sea –Egypt

This part of the current study concerned with the growth analysis of the major biochemical elements in C. filosa (Crustacea: Amphipoda) reared in the laboratory aiming to indicate its nutritional value as life feed, the results clear that adults individuals, which has been breeding in the laboratory and also juvenile's, Contain high levels of total protein, total lipid, than individuals collected from the field, while total sugar ratio was in the field is higher than individuals in the laboratory. The main reason that its nutrition through different species of microalgae which contain high ratio of nutritional value. In adult cultured the highest value of essential than value nonessential of amino acids but The culture of juvenile's the highest value of nonessential than value of essential amino acids. The level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in adult cultured and juvenile's culture (0.69 mg/g) higher than field sample (0.50 mg/g),and The total level of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in cultured adult is (105.61 mg/g) higher than culture juvenile's (99.17 mg/g) and field sample (15.98 mg/g)
GENERALIZATIONS OF GÖDEL’S INCOMPLETENESS THEOREMS FOR ∑ n -DEFINABLE THEORIES OF ARITHMETIC

Abstract It is well known that Gödel’s incompleteness theorems hold for ∑1-definable theories containing Peano arithmetic. We generalize Gödel’s incompleteness theorems for arithmetically definable theories. First, we prove that every ∑ n+1-definable ∑ n -sound theory is incomplete. Secondly, we generalize and improve Jeroslow and Hájek’s results. That is, we prove that every consistent theory having ∏ n+1 set of theorems has a true but unprovable ∏ n sentence. Lastly, we prove that no ∑ n+1-definable ∑ n -sound theory can prove its own ∑ n -soundness. These three results are generalizations of Rosser’s improvement of the first incompleteness theorem, Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem, and the second incompleteness theorem, respectively.
Problem solving performance and display preference for information displays depicting numerical functions

As the amount of information accessible via computer systems increases, so do problems associated with presenting information that can be assimilated easily and accurately. Many researchers advocate the graphical presentation of information to allow for effortless perception and organization of information. Research in many diverse areas has focused on determining effective information presentation. Educational researchers compared graphical and tabular displays in classroom settings (Rigney &amp; Lutz, 1976; Washburne, 1927) and results indicate pictorial or graphical representations effectively aid problem solving performance. Statisticians contributing to this area have concentrated on design aspects of graphs and tables, and have produced manuals describing design guidelines. Research generated by statisticians (Carter, 1947;1948a;1948b) indicates that graphs enhanced performance for tasks requiring data interpolation, while tables enhanced performance for tasks requiring the reading of specific values. The major focus from the Human Factors perspective concerns general design issues, such as brightness, contrast, and color. Tullis (1981) compared tabular and graphical displays for a telephone diagnostic task and found no differences for type of display. Schutz (1961) compared line, vertical bar, and horizontal bar graphs for a trend analysis task and found subjects performed best with the line graph, followed by the vertical bar and lastly with the horizontal bar graph.
Sexual Well-Being in Older Women: The Relevance of Sexual Excitation and Sexual Inhibition

The aim of this study was to use the dual control model of sexual response (DCM) to investigate variation in sexual well-being among women 50 years of age and older. Data from 185 women 50 years of age and older (M = 59.46, SD = 6.96) were used to examine the relationships between sexual excitation (SE) and sexual inhibition (SI) and their lower-order factors to indicators of sexual well-being (i.e., sexual functioning, satisfaction, distress, frequency of sexual activity, and breadth of sexual behavior). Possible moderating factors were also explored. Independently, SE and SI were associated with the majority of the indicators of sexual well-being, and the directions of associations were consistent with the tenets of the DCM. SE and SI lower-order factors were significant predictors of sexual function, satisfaction, and frequency of sexual activity. Sexual distress was predicted more strongly by SI factors and breadth of sexual behavior by one SE lower-order factor (arousability). Partner physical and mental health and participant’s own mental health were identified as moderating variables of these associations. Findings of this study are discussed considering the contribution of the DCM to understanding the role of diversity in older women’s sexual well-being.
Parental perspectives on influenza vaccination in children with asthma

Influenza is an important cause of epidemic and pandemic disease leading to mortality and morbidity in children. Despite great efforts to increase influenza vaccination, many children with chronic medical conditions do not receive influenza vaccine. Our aim was to identify the demographic factors and asthma‐associated characteristics related to vaccination, caregivers' attitudes and knowledge about influenza disease during the 2007–2008 influenza season.
Population dynamics in echinococcosis and cysticercosis: regulation of Taenia hydatigena and T. ovis in lambs through passively transferred immunity

SUMMARY A comparison has been made of the interactions between passively transferred and actively acquired immunity in regulating populations of Taenia hydatigena and T. ovis. When ewes were grazed prior to parturition under a high infection pressure, immunity was transferred to their offspring for up to 8 weeks. A qualititative difference between the species was the destruction of larval T. ovis prior to their establishment (‘pre-encystment immunity’) and that of T. hydatigena after they had become established (‘post-encystment immunity’) in the challenged lambs. The major difference in terms of population regulation between the two parasites was that infection occurred with T. hydatigena but not with T. ovis in those lambs reared from birth for 16 weeks under high infection pressure. Passive, like active immunity, is a density-dependent constraint. It plays an important role in the population regulation of T. ovis, but not of T. hydatigena. This is discussed in terms of transmission in the natural environment, an hypothesis on humoral protection and the need to elucidate pathways of protection when immunization schedules are being evaluated for controlling the taeniid zoonoses.
Study on Gross Testicular Disorders of Bulls Slaughtered at Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise

A cross-sectional study using systematic random sampling was conducted on ante mortem and postmortem examination of 384 intact bulls slaughtered at Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise (AAAE) from November, 2009 up to April, 2010 to identify different types of testicular disorders of the bull presented to the abattoir and to determine the rate of occurrence of each disorder and also to assess the associated risk factors. Out of 384 intact bulls examined 337 were local, 29 cross and 18 exotic breeds brought from different market areas in the country, of which 117 (30.4%) have scrotal and testicular disorders. During study time various testicular defects such as scrotal torsion, scrotal wound, orchitis, epididymitis, testicular hematoma, testicular degeneration, testicular hypoplasia and cryptorchidism with the prevalence of 1%, 4.7%, 4.4%, 3.4%, 2.1%, 8.1%, 3.6% and 2.6% respectively were identified. Only testicular degeneration has significant association with age ( = 8.9, P < 0.05). 2
Distinct fMRI Responses to Self-Induced versus Stimulus Motion during Free Viewing in the Macaque

Visual motion responses in the brain are shaped by two distinct sources: the physical movement of objects in the environment and motion resulting from one's own actions. The latter source, termed visual reafference, stems from movements of the head and body, and in primates from the frequent saccadic eye movements that mark natural vision. To study the relative contribution of reafferent and stimulus motion during natural vision, we measured fMRI activity in the brains of two macaques as they freely viewed >50 hours of naturalistic video footage depicting dynamic social interactions. We used eye movements obtained during scanning to estimate the level of reafferent retinal motion at each moment in time. We also estimated the net stimulus motion by analyzing the video content during the same time periods. Mapping the responses to these distinct sources of retinal motion, we found a striking dissociation in the distribution of visual responses throughout the brain. Reafferent motion drove fMRI activity in the early retinotopic areas V1, V2, V3, and V4, particularly in their central visual field representations, as well as lateral aspects of the caudal inferotemporal cortex (area TEO). However, stimulus motion dominated fMRI responses in the superior temporal sulcus, including areas MT, MST, and FST as well as more rostral areas. We discuss this pronounced separation of motion processing in the context of natural vision, saccadic suppression, and the brain's utilization of corollary discharge signals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Visual motion arises not only from events in the external world, but also from the movements of the observer. For example, even if objects are stationary in the world, the act of walking through a room or shifting one's eyes causes motion on the retina. This “reafferent” motion propagates into the brain as signals that must be interpreted in the context of real object motion. The delineation of whole-brain responses to stimulus versus self-generated retinal motion signals is critical for understanding visual perception and is of pragmatic importance given the increasing use of naturalistic viewing paradigms. The present study uses fMRI to demonstrate that the brain exhibits a fundamentally different pattern of responses to these two sources of retinal motion.