Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Biochar on Nitrogen Losses and Rice Yield in Anthropogenic-alluvial Soil Irrigated with Yellow River Water

及氮素流失量的影响。 在常规施肥条件下设置高量炭(C3N300:9000 kg·hm-2);中量炭(C2N300:6750 kg·hm-2);低量炭(C1N300: 4500 kg·hm-2)和不施炭(C0N300:0 kg·hm-2)4个处理。 研究结果表明,生物炭和氮肥配合施用,对稻田田面水和渗漏水中氮素动态 有一定影响,表现为总氮(TN)和硝态氮(NO3 -N)浓度随生物炭用量增加而降低,铵态氮(NH+ 4 -N)浓度升高;在对各层土壤氮素动态 的影响上,表现为 20 cm处渗漏水中氮素浓度受生物炭用量影响明显,但 100 cm处氮素浓度受影响较小。 对水稻生育期内氮素径 流损失的影响表现为随生物炭施用量增加,田面水 TN和 NO3 -N径流流失风险下降,但 NH+ 4 -N径流流失风险增加;本研究条件下 添加生物炭对 NO3 -N和 NH+ 4 -N淋失没有表现出影响,TN淋失表现为随生物炭用量增加而降低,其中 TN淋失量最小的是 C3N300 处理,整个生育期内淋失量为 26.28 kg·hm-2,与常规施肥处理 C0N300相比,减少 9.45%。 另外,添加生物炭增加水稻穗粒数和穗数, 使水稻理论产量显著增加 15.3%~44.9%,其中 C3N300产量显著高于其他处理(P约0.05)。 生物炭用于灌淤土对水稻产量有促进作
ISBN 978-0-9933836-01 1 3 D numerical back-prediction of tunnelling-induced settlements on an existing reinforced concrete building

This study analyses the evolving response of a 9-storey reinforced concrete building while being undercrossed by an urban metro-line. It refers to the case of the twin-tunnels of the Milan (Italy) metro-line 5, recently built in coarse-grained materials using EPB machines, for which subsidence measurements collected during tunnelling were available. In the finite element study, the soil mechanical behaviour is described by an advanced constitutive model, named Hardening Soil model with small strain stiffness, that, when combined with a proper simulation of the excavation process, proves to realistically reproduce the subsidence profiles observed under free-field conditions. Furthermore, when the numerical model is extended to include the building schematised in a detailed manner, the results are in good agreement with the monitoring data for different stages of the twin-tunnel excavation, indirectly confirming the satisfactory performance of the adopted numerical approach. Conversely, when the building is modelled as an equivalent plate, the results highlight that, in this case, such a schematisation is inadequate to capture the real tunnelling-induced displacement field. The overall behaviour of the system proves to be mainly influenced by the buried portion of the building which plays an essential role in the interaction mechanism, due to its high stiffness.
Kaveri Subrahmanyam Adults Can You Guess Who I Am ? Real , Ideal , and False Self-Presentation on Facebook Among Emerging

Emerging adulthood is an important period for self-development, and youth use online contexts for self-exploration and selfpresentation. Using a multiple self-presentation framework, the present study examined emerging adults’ presentation of their real self, ideal self, and false self on Facebook, and the relation between their identity state, psychosocial well-being, and online selfpresentation. Participants (N 1⁄4 261; 66 males, 195 females Mage 22) completed self-report measures of identity state, well-being, and self-presentation on Facebook. Respondents reported presenting their real self more than their ideal self and false self on Facebook. A path analysis suggested that emerging adults who reported having more coherent identity states also reported presenting their real self on Facebook to a greater extent. However, those with a less coherent sense of the self and lower self-esteem reported presenting their false self on Facebook to a greater extent. Implications for methodology and future directions are discussed.
Author ' s personal copy

The effects of edible coatings, SemperfreshTM (SF), acid-soluble chitosan (ACH), water-soluble chitosan (WCH), calcium caseinate (CC), and sodium alginate (SA) on the fruit quality of fresh blueberries during storage was studied in 2006 and 2008. Fruit were washed in 200 L L−1 chlorinated water before applying coatings, packaged in vented or non-vented clam-shell containers, and then stored at 2 ◦C for 1 week, followed by storage at room temperature (20 ◦C) for up to 15 d for quality evaluation. The ACH, WCH, and WCH + SA coatings helped reduce the decay rate of ‘Duke’ or ‘Elliott’ fruit during room temperature storage. Results from 2006 showed that SF coating decreased weight loss of ‘Duke’ after 6 d of room temperature storage, CC-coated ‘Elliott’ fruit had delayed fruit ripening as evidenced by higher TA, lower pH, and greater firmness than control during storage, and washing and coating did not significantly affect antioxidant capacity and total phenolics content of ‘Duke’ and ‘Elliott’. Fruit in non-vented containers had reduced weight loss and increased firmness than those in vented containers as demonstrated in 2008 study. Our results suggest that edible coatings have potential for retaining quality of pre-washed, ready-to-eat fresh blueberries under commercial storage conditions, when appropriate coating material, container, and method of applying the coatings are used. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
COMPATIBILITY OF DIFFERENT OILS WITH BEAUVERIA BASSIANA , A POTENTIAL ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS

Fungal pathogens particularly, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff), Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerm.) Zare and Games Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson had been found to be promising in the control of several agricultural pests (Lingappa et al., 2005). B. bassiana is a hyphomycete insect pathogenic fungus in the subdivision Deuteromycotina which occurs worldwide. Over 200 species of insects in nine orders, mainly Lepidoptera and coleoptera had since been recorded as hosts (Li and Yang, 1988). It is found naturally on some plants and in soils and is regarded as a safe biopesticide (Uma Devi et al., 2008). The appropriate use of environment-friendlymicrobial pesticides can play a significant role in sustainable crop production by providing a stable pestmanagement program. Because, biological control is generally perceived as providing both long-lasting insect control and having less potential for damage to the environment or non-target organisms than chemical interventions (Grace, 1997; Hokkanen and Lynch, 1995;Howarth, 1991; Khetan, 2001; Bhadauria et al., 2012). Many of the currently available formulation of entomopathogens are wettable powders containing conidia. Water is a useful formulating agent because it is non toxic, readily available, cheap and can be dispersed using simple hydraulic sprayers. However, the future thrust for development of mycopesticides has been promoted by the discovery that fungal conidia formulated in oils have shown greater efficacy than conventional water-based suspensions. The asexual spores of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria, Metarrhizium,Nomuraea and Paecilomyces) posess hydrophobic cell walls containing a rodlet layer composed of cysteine rich glycoprotein termed as hydrophobins, which make them amenable to formulate in oil. Oil formulations has been reported to increase the adhesion of propagules to the insect integument, enhance spread of inoculums over the insect body, enhance penetration of insect cuticle, protect propagules from ultraviolet radiation and enhance infection under low humidity (Inglis et al., 2002). Prerequisites of ecofriendly and sustainable pest management agenda consists of combination of management tactics like use of aqueous extracts and oils from plants, agriculture and horticulture mineral oils, biocontrol agents, newer chemical molecules etc., to achieve cost effective integrated pest management program There are many reports which describes the compatibility of B. bassiana with neem products (Gupta et al., 1999; Hirose et al., 2001; Depieri et al., 2005). Furthermore compatibility studies with petroleum based and vegetable oils would help to reveal the possibilities of selecting appropriate oil carrier for formulation.Hence, in present study, the fivedifferent types of oils along with corn oil as a standard were selected in view to select the oils for formulating B. bassiana (Bb 112) conidia that may help to achieve synergestic result in pest management program.
Sexual conflict : a new paradigm ?

On 9–10 May 2005, over 200 people met at the Royal Society in London to discuss sexual conflict. Papers by 12 of the speakers are presented in this volume. In this introductory note we briefly discuss whether we have, or in fact need, a universal definition of sexual conflict. We briefly summarize what for us were the main messages emerging from the meeting in relation to where the field of sexual conflict currently stands, before finally attempting to distil some of the important unanswered questions for the future. Our motivation for organizing the meeting was that it seemed to us that in the last ten years or so, there has been a dramatic shift in the prevailing view of matings as being essentially ‘a good thing’ for both participants, to one in which they are regarded as ‘bad’ for females. This change has been driven primarily by some very elegant empirical work, which has generated some passionate advocacy (and some equally passionate resistance) for the importance of conflict. However, whether evolutionary biologists were mistakenly viewing male– female interactions as more benign than they actually are, or whether there is now a tendency to overemphasize the importance of conflicts of interest, is a major question that warrants consideration. This discussion meeting provided an opportunity to explore the state of the art and whether sexual conflict is indeed a new paradigm. This was made possible by the hard work of the participants, whom we would like to take this opportunity to thank.
Determinations of |Vub| from Inclusive Semileptonic B Decays with Reduced Model Dependence

We report two novel determinations of j V ub j with reduced model dependence, based on measurements of the mass distribution of the hadronic system in semileptonic B decays. Events are selected by fully reconstructing the decay of one B meson and identifying a charged lepton from the decay of the other B meson from (cid:1) (cid:1) 4 S (cid:2) ! B (cid:2) B events. In one approach, we combine the inclusive (cid:2) B ! X u ‘ (cid:2) (cid:1) rate, integrated up to a maximum hadronic mass m X < 1 : 67 GeV =c 2 , with a measurement of the inclusive B ! X s (cid:2) photon energy spectrum. We obtain j V ub j (cid:3) (cid:1) 4 : 43 (cid:4) 0 : 38 stat (cid:4) 0 : 25 syst (cid:4) 0 : 29 theo (cid:2) (cid:5) 10 (cid:6) 3 . In another approach we measure the total (cid:2) B ! X u ‘ (cid:2) (cid:1) rate over the full phase space and ﬁnd j V ub j (cid:3) (cid:1) 3 : 84 (cid:4) 0 : 70 stat (cid:4) 0 : 30 syst (cid:4) 0 : 10 theo (cid:2) (cid:5) 10 (cid:6) 3 .
Fluid-Structure Interaction in Bluff-Body Aerodynamics and Long-Span Bridge Design: Phenomena and Methods

The interaction between a fluid flow and an embedded elastic bluff body is extremely complex. Different response modes and flow phenomena exist depending on the flow characteristics, the body geometry and the structural properties like stiffness and damping. This poses a particular challenge to the development of analytical and numerical models and renders experimental methods still the most reliable tool. This report aims at introducing the various phenomena and at reviewing the most important analytical and numerical methods of analysis. It is largely based on a literature survey which has been carried out in preparation for a PhD degree on numerical methods for fluid-structure interaction analysis in long-span bridge design at the University of Cambridge.
Drivers’ comfort zone boundaries when overtaking pedestrians Analysis of naturalistic driving and field test data

In the European Union, while pedestrian fatalities decreased over the past decade, their relative percentage in respect to all traffic fatalities slightly increased. Worldwide, the share of the pedestrian problem, in road accident injury, has not shown any significant change or improvement in the last few years. Furthermore, considering the constantly increasing tendency towards vehicle automation, it is even more important to understand, quantify, and model road users comfort zone boundaries. Comfort zone boundaries turn out to be relevant regions for enabling automated vehicles to drive in such a way that users feel both safe and comfortable. Considering that safety research has thus far been focused on the interaction between drivers and pedestrian in the intersection scenario, the aim of this project has been to provide information about relevant safety metrics in the longitudinal scenario, i.e. when pedestrians are overtaken by a vehicle. Thus, the work described in this thesis involved quantifying the comfort zone boundaries when drivers overtake a pedestrian, both from the driver and the pedestrian's perspective. Driver comfort zone boundaries were estimated from naturalistic data in the UDRIVE database. As well drivers' behaviour was observed from a pedestrian viewpoint using a wearable data logger, which has been set up and employed in an experiment performed on the road. The analysis of 68 events from the UDRIVE naturalistic driving study and 481 overtaking manoeuvres from the road experiment has allowed to estimate the comfort zone boundaries, by mean of the application of Bayesian regression models. Driver behaviour was shown to be in uenced by the presence of oncoming vehicles, as well as by the walking direction of the pedestrian. Also, the steering input for the last phase of the overtaking manoeuvre, was surprisingly performed by drivers before the vehicle had passed the pedestrian. Overtaking maneuvers are complicated events, resulting usually in outcomes that cannot easily be predicted and are sometimes completely unexpected. However, this study showed how specific factors in uence drivers' comfort zone boundaries while overtaking a pedestrian. The two data sets investigated resulted to be complementary, allowing to have a complete understanding of the event. Findings are relevant for active system development, and Euro NCAP safety features assessment related to the collision pedestrian longitudinal adult (CPLA) scenario. Safety factors have been compared with previous study related to bicycle overtaking events.
Acoustic Signal Applications in Detection and Management of Rhynchophorus spp. in Fruit-Crops and Ornamental Palms

Abstract Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is an economically important, internally feeding pest of ornamental and fruit-producing palms in many subtropical regions. A related weevil, Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), is an internally feeding palm pest in the southeastern USA. Acoustic methods for detection of early instars hidden in palms in field environments have been investigated for both species. Acoustic methods also have been used to examine the effectiveness of physical, biological, and other control treatments. This report addresses several physical, physiological, and behavioral factors that influence the spectral and temporal patterns of sounds produced by palm weevil larvae under different laboratory and field experiment conditions, which must be considered carefully in interpreting larval sound production. Such factors include the leakage of fluid from the palm tree tissues into tunnels scraped out by larvae as they move and feed within the tree trunk, as well as occurrences of molting between periods of feeding activity, and frequency-dependent damping that distorts signals as the distance between insects and sensors increases. Methods are discussed that combine effects of environmental, physiological, and behavioral variability to facilitate reliable interpretations of Rhynchophorus and other insect larval acoustic activity in hidden environments.
Biological parameters of Neoseiulus longilaterus (Athias-Henriot) (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) fed on prey and pollen in laboratory conditions

Abstract Tetranychus urticae is the most important pest on different crops worldwide. Search for endemic phytoseiid mites co-occurring with the above pest, which might be good candidates as biocontrol agents, represents the policy followed by most scientists in recent years. The aim of the present work was to assess the various biological and demographic parameters of Neoseiulus longilaterus, associated with T. urticae on weeds, in laboratory conditions using the latter tetranychid and pollen of Oxalis pes-caprae as food. The results showed a better performance of the predator on the prey as regards the postembryonic development (7.63 and 8.18 days for prey and pollen respectively) and the demographic parameters (rm 0.158 and 0.102, Ro 26.89 and 18.76, DT 4.39 and 6.78 for T. urticae and Oxalis respectively). Our data shows that N. longilaterus have similar traits with some phytoseiid species belonging to type II selective predators, but also with some others included within type III generalist predators. As a matter of fact, it can be considered an interesting biocontrol agent towards T. urticae, able also to develop on alternative foods as the pollen of Oxalis.
Spectrum of antenatally diagnosed cardiac anomalies in a tertiary referral center of North India

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent fetal anomaly seen during pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis of CHD helps in ascertaining the prognosis of fetus and planning management. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention after delivery helps to prevent serious morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate the type and pattern of fetal congenital cardiac anomalies to plan appropriate intervention. Methods: This was a retrospective study of all fetal cardiac anomalies detected on antenatal ultrasound in pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital for high-risk pregnancy in northern India. A detailed clinical evaluation and ultrasound of the fetus to look for all malformations including detailed cardiac evaluation was done in all pregnant patients. All women were thoroughly counseled regarding the malformations, possible causes, prognosis, and need for fetal karyotyping. Results: A total of 782 fetal malformations were observed during the study period, of which 211/782 (26.9%) fetuses were found to have cardiac malformation. 165/211 (78.2%) were isolated CHD and 46/211 (21.8%) had associated anomalies. The most common defect was ventricular septal defect (37/211, 17.5%) followed by fetal arrhythmias (29/211, 13.7%), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (27/211, 12.8%), tetralogy of Fallot (21/211, 9.9%), atrioventricular septal defect (18/211, 8.5%), and double outlet right ventricle (14/211, 6.6%). 96/211 (45.5%) couples opted for prenatal invasive testing, of which 14/96 (14.5%) fetuses were found to have abnormal genetic studies, most common being down syndrome. Conclusion: The problem of CHD is of profound importance, and suspected cardiac anomaly is the main reason for referral. After identification of CHD, couple should be offered genetic studies and detailed counseling, and timely cardiac intervention should be planned when indicated.
Trophic factors are essential for the survival of grafted oligodendrocyte progenitors and for neuroprotection after perinatal excitotoxicity

The consequences of neonatal white matter injury are devastating and represent a major societal problem as currently there is no cure. Prematurity, low weight birth and maternal pre-natal infection are the most frequent causes of acquired myelin deficiency in the human neonate leading to cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment. In the developing brain, oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation occurs perinatally, and immature OLs are particularly vulnerable. Cell replacement therapy is often considered a viable option to replace progenitors that die due to glutamate excitotoxicity. We previously reported directed specification and mobilization of endogenous committed and uncommitted neural progenitors by the combination of transferrin and insulin growth factor 1 (TSC1). Here, considering cell replacement and integration as therapeutic goals, we examined if OL progenitors (OLPs) grafted into the brain parenchyma of mice that were subjected to an excitotoxic insult could rescue white matter injury. For that purpose, we used a well-established model of glutamate excitotoxic injury. Four-day-old mice received a single intraparenchymal injection of the glutamate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate alone or in conjunction with TSC1 in the presence or absence of OLPs grafted into the brain parenchyma. Energetics and expression of stress proteins and OL developmental specific markers were examined. A comparison of the proteomic profile per treatment was also ascertained. We found that OLPs did not survive in the excitotoxic environment when grafted alone. In contrast, when combined with TSC1, survival and integration of grafted OLPs was observed. Further, energy metabolism in OLPs was significantly increased by N-methyl-D-aspartate and modulated by TSC1. The proteomic profile after the various treatments showed elevated ubiquitination and stress/heat shock protein 90 in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate. These changes were reversed in the presence of TSC1 and ubiquitination was decreased. The results obtained in this pre-clinical study indicate that the use of a combinatorial intervention including both trophic support and healthy OLPs constitutes a promising approach for long-term survival and successful graft integration. We established optimal conditioning of the host brain environment to promote long-term survival and integration of grafted OLPs into an inflamed neonate host brain. Experimental procedures were performed under the United States Public Health Service Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee at (UCLA) (ARC #1992-034-61) on July 1, 2010.
Therapeutic potential of natural compounds from Chinese medicine in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults worldwide, resulting in huge social and financial burdens. Extracts from herbs, especially those used in Chinese medicine, have emerged as new pharmaceuticals for stroke treatment. Here we review the evidence from preclinical studies investigating neuroprotective properties of Chinese medicinal compounds through their application in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke, and highlight potential mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects. It is noteworthy that many herbal compounds have been shown to target multiple mechanisms and in combinations may exert synergistic effects on signaling pathways, thereby attenuating multiple aspects of ischemic pathology. We conclude the paper with a general discussion of the prospects for novel natural compound-based regimens against stroke.