Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cross Sectional Study on the Prevalence and Identification of Major Ixodid Tick Parasites of Cattle in Gozamin Woreda, East Gojjam, Ethiopia

A crosssectional study was conducted from November 2015 to June 2016 in Gozamin Woreda with the objective to estimate the prevalence of ticks, to investigate their genera and assessing association with the different risk factors such as breed, sex, age, body condition scores, and management system. Adult ticks were collected from 384 cattle from local and cross-breed cattle. Out of the total of 384 cattle examined, 197(51.3%) were found to be infested by one or more genera of tick parasites. A total of 919 adult ticks, which belongs to four genera of ticks were collected and identified using stereomicroscopy. In this study Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma, Amblyomma, and Boophilus were identified as 27.3%, 26.3%, 25.3%, and 21.1% respectively. More numbers of Rhipicephalus was collected. The prevalence of male and female animals was found to be 91 (45.96%) and106 (57%) respectively. According to their management variation animals kept in extensive and intensive farming system were infested with162 (36.07%) and 35 (30.97%) respectively. The prevalence in local and cross breed was 135(57.69%) and 62 (41.3%) respectively. The prevalence in young and adult animals was found to be 59 (40.69%) and 138 (57.74%) respectively. Based on their body condition score of animals, poor 117 (51.09%), medium 58(61.70%) and good body condition 22(36.07%). In this study breed, body condition score, management and age did not indicate statistical significant association with the infestation rate but there was statistically significant association of infestation rate with the sex of the animals (P<0.05) and x=9.328. Special attention should be given to the control and prevention of ticks, since they cause severe damage to hides and thereby reduce the foreign exchange of the country; besides they also transmit many diseases to cattle which cause economic loss to the farmers.
Anaesthetic aversion in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Although the interest in zebrafish has been rising in research, there are still refinements required to some procedures. The refinement of anaesthesia tends to be reduced to clinical efficacy, and animals’ welfare is often disregarded. Thus, we aim to study an anaesthetic protocol that is efficient and that induces no or less aversion in adult zebrafish, using a combination of Propofol/lidocaine and the most used anaesthetic in fish, MS222. This study was divided in two, where the first part aimed to assess which concentrations are equipotent, check the complete anaesthetic profile and clinical quality of the anaesthetics. The second part aims to assess the aversion of both anaesthetic protocols. Thirty-six mixed-sex AB zebrafish were randomly assigned to MS222 (150mg.L) and Propofol/lidocaine (5mg.L of propofol combined with 150mg.L of lidocaine) group. Aversion was tested in a conditioned place aversion task where each protocol was paired with a previously trained environment, and, afterwards, animals were tested again without the anaesthetic. The aversion degree was measured by the animals’ preference for the conditioned place. The present work contradicted other studies where MS222 is aversive, and showed that Propofol/lidocaine is also no/less aversive to zebrafish. Moreover, both provide a full anaesthesia and recovery in short time. Thus, both anaesthetic protocols seem to be recommended to use in adult zebrafish, and the new anaesthetic protocol presented has the advantage of being more practical to use and cheaper than MS222. Further experiments need to be made to refine this anaesthetic protocol and improve zebrafish welfare in different ages, strains, and experimental situations.
SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF MASTOMYS NATALENSIS IN A FIELD-FALLOW MOSAIC IN TANZANIA.

The population dynamics of Mastomys natalensis rats is reported for a 3-year study of monthly CMR-trapping in a small scale maize field-fallow land mosaic in Tanzania. The seasonal evolution of rodent presence was the same in both habitat types and it was not affected by agricul- tural activities in the fields. About one week after planting, there was a short increase of rodent cap- tures in the maize fields, but this disappeared again after a few days. Recolonisation of fields was achieved very fast after a rodent control operation. Radiotelemetry indicated that many individuals were active in the maize field as well as in the fallow land. We concluded that, in a small scale set- up, the field and fallow land rodent populations are not separated and the latter should not be con- sidered as necessary refuges. This renders several rodent control approaches unsuitable.
Variability of Subantarctic Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Drake Passage during the Late-Twentieth and Early-Twenty-First Centuries

A time series of the physical and biogeochemical properties of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the Drake Passage between 1969 and 2005 is constructed using 24 transects of measurements across the passage. Both water masses have experienced substantial variability on interannual to interdecadal time scales. SAMW is formed by winter overturning on the equatorward flank of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in and to the west of the Drake Passage. Its interannual variability is primarily driven by variations in wintertime air–sea turbulent heat fluxes and net evaporation modulated by the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Despite their spatial proximity, the AAIW in the Drake Passage has a very different source than that of the SAMW because it is ventilated by the northward subduction of Winter Water originating in the Bellingshausen Sea. Changes in AAIW are mainly forced by variability in Winter Water properties resulting from fluctuations in wintertime air–sea turbulent heat fluxes and spring sea ice melting, both of which are linked to predominantly ENSO-driven variations in the intensity of meridional winds to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula. A prominent exception to the prevalent modes of SAMW and AAIW formation occurred in 1998, when strong wind forcing associated with constructive interference between ENSO and the southern annular mode (SAM) triggered a transitory shift to an Ekman-dominated mode of SAMW ventilation and a 1–2-yr shutdown of AAIW production. The interdecadal evolutions of SAMW and AAIW in the Drake Passage are distinct and driven by different processes. SAMW warmed (by 0.3°C) and salinified (by 0.04) during the 1970s and experienced the reverse trends between 1990 and 2005, when the coldest and freshest SAMW on record was observed. In contrast, AAIW underwent a net freshening (by 0.05) between the 1970s and the twenty-first century. Although the reversing changes in SAMW were chiefly forced by a 30-yr oscillation in regional air–sea turbulent heat fluxes and precipitation associated with the interdecadal Pacific oscillation, with a SAM-driven intensification of the Ekman supply of Antarctic surface waters from the south contributing significantly too, the freshening of AAIW was linked to the extreme climate change that occurred to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula in recent decades. There, a freshening of the Winter Water ventilating AAIW was brought about by increased precipitation and a retreat of the winter sea ice edge, which were seemingly forced by an interdecadal trend in the SAM and regional positive feedbacks in the air–sea ice coupled climate system. All in all, these findings highlight the role of the major modes of Southern Hemisphere climate variability in driving the evolution of SAMW and AAIW in the Drake Passage region and the wider South Atlantic and suggest that these modes may have contributed significantly to the hemispheric-scale changes undergone by those waters in recent decades.
The Analysis of Export Determinant of Indonesian Pepper in the International Market

: Indonesian pepper is well known as the king of spices because its position is more important than other spices in Indonesia, in terms of production and export. Indonesia become the second largest of pepper exporter in international market. The largest producer and exporter of pepper is Vietnam. But, in 2015, about 39% of Indonesian pepper were exported to Vietnam whereas Vietnam already known as the largest exporter in the world. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine factors that may affect the trade flow of Indonesian pepper in the international market, in order to know the appropriate strategy to develop export of Indonesian pepper in the international market. This study uses export demand approach to analyze the determinant of Indonesian pepper trade flow. The objects of this study are whole pepper and ground pepper using the 6-digit classification of harmonized system (HS) code, with code 090411 for whole pepper and 090412 for ground pepper. The result shows factors that statistically significant in affecting export demand of Indonesian pepper are the GDP per capita of importing countries, economic distance, export price, real exchange rate, and participation in FTA. GDP per capita of the importing countries shows positive effect to the export volume of Indonesian pepper. Meanwhile, the economic distance, export price, real exchange rate, and participation in FTA have a negative effect to the export volume of Indonesian pepper.
Spawning coloration and sperm quality in a large lake population of Arctic charr 1 ( Salmonidae : Salvelinus alpinus L . ) 2 3 Running headline : Coloration and sperm quality in Arctic charr 4 5

24 The modern theories of sexual selection predict that male sexual ornaments may have evolved 25 as reliable signals of male fertilization efficiency. However, among the studies of fishes with 26 external fertilisation, the results have yielded ambiguous evidence. Here, we present data on 27 the phenotypic relationships between red spawning coloration and ejaculate quality 28 (spermatocrit, sperm motility) from Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus. We studied two 29 generations (F1 and F2) of males from a large lake population, reared in a standardized 30 hatchery environment, to see whether differential hatchery history, or duration of hatchery 31 selection, affected the variation in ejaculate characteristics or abdominal coloration. After 32 controlling for body length, there was no difference between the hatchery generations in these 33 traits. However, the degree of redness increased with fish size. We found a positive 34 correlation between sperm velocity and sperm longevity, indicating a functional integration 35 between these sperm features across generations. Sperm velocity was also positively 36 correlated with male redness. Therefore, our finding suggests that the carotenoid-based 37 ornamentation in Arctic charr may provide information about differences between males in 38 their fertilization potential. 39 40 ADDITIONAL
Electromagnetically superconducting phase of the vacuum in a strong magnetic field: structure of superconductor and superfluid vortex lattices in the ground state

Recently it was shown that vacuum in a background of a strong enough magnetic field becomes an electromagnetic superconductor due to interplay between strong and electromagnetic forces. The superconducting ground state of the vacuum is associated with a spontaneous emergence of quark-antiquark condensates which carry quantum numbers of charged rho mesons. The rho-meson condensate is an inhomogeneous structure made of the so-called rho vortices, which are parallel to the magnetic field axis. The condensation of the charged rho mesons induces a (much weaker) superfluid-like condensate with quantum numbers of the neutral rho((0)) mesons. In this paper we show that the vortices in the superconducting condensate organize themselves in an equilateral triangular lattice similarly to an ordinary type-II superconductor. We show that each of these superconductor vortices is accompanied by three superfluid vortices and three superfluid antivortices made of the neutral rho meson condensate. The superconductor vortex overlaps with one of the superfluid vortices. The superposition of the superconductor and superfluid vortex lattices has a honeycomb pattern.
Conductance bistability of gold nanowires at room temperature

Quantized conductance behavior of gold nanowires was studied under electrochemical potential control. We fabricated $1\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$-long monoatomic wires in solution at room temperature. Electrochemical potential significantly affected the stability of the monoatomic wire and fractional conductance peak occurrence in the conductance histogram. We revealed that the hydrogen adsorption on gold monoatomic wires was a decisive factor of the fractional peak, which was originated from the dynamic structural transition between two bistable states of the monoatomic wire showing the unit and the fractional values of the conductance. We could tune the stability of these bistable states to make the fractional conductance state preferable.
The Integration of Fieldwork and Survey Methods

A historical antagonism between the proponents of qualitative fieldwork and of survey research has prevented recognition of the benefits to be gained by employing both methods in the same study. Each method can be greatly strenthenedby appealing to the unique qualities of the other. Through examination of a number of cases in which the methods have been integrated, it is possible to discern important benefits is design, data collection, and analysis. In order tofully exploit the advantages of integration, however, adjustments in traditionalprocedures will have to be made, thereby yielding a new style of social research.
The role of leadership theory in raising the profile of women in management

Purpose : To consider how leadership theories have helped or hindered raising the profile of women in management and leadership roles. Design/methodology/approach : This paper traces the earlier leadership theories through to the contemporary research on transactional and transformational leadership styles and offers a viewpoint on how each theory has contributed, or otherwise, to an awareness and acceptance of women in management and leadership roles. Findings : In 1990, research began to report gender differences in leadership styles with female managers being seen in positive terms as participative, democratic leaders. More recent work reports that women are believed to exhibit more transformational leadership style than their male colleagues, and this is equated with effective leadership. Research limitations/implications : All of the earlier theories on leadership excluded women and this exacerbated the problem of women not being seen as an appropriate fit in a management or leadership role. Recent findings clearly describe that the transformational qualities of leadership that women exhibit are required by the flatter organisational structures of today. Therefore, a more positive outcome for women advancing to senior roles of management or leadership may be observed in the future. Originality/value : The paper reviews the major leadership theories, and links these to a timeframe to illustrate how women were not visible in a management context until relatively recently. Such an omission may have contributed to the continuing low numbers of women who advance to senior management and leadership roles.
Effects of Gender on Teachers' Perceptions of School Environment, Teaching Efficacy, Stress and Job Satisfaction.

This study investigates how teachers’ perceptions of school environment factors, teaching efficacy, teacher stress and job satisfaction, and to determine whether gender was a differentiating factor. A total of 387 Vietnamese junior high school teachers completed one questionnaire for four sections about school-level environment, teaching efficacy, teacher stress, and job satisfaction. The results reveal that most of these teachers had high perceptions of school-level environment factors (principal leadership, mission consensus, professional interest, affiliation, student support, innovation, resource adequacy), teaching efficacy (classroom management, student engagement, and instructional strategies), job satisfaction, and teacher stress (classroom stress and workload stress). Results also show that statistically significant differences were found between females and males on the mean scores of school-level environment factors, teaching efficacy, stress, and job satisfaction. Female teachers scored higher than male teachers on both stress while male teachers scored higher than female teachers on school-level environment factors, teaching efficacy and job satisfaction. Male teachers with less stress had higher perceptions of school-level environment factors, higher teaching efficacy and higher job satisfaction, whereas female teachers with greater stress had lower perceptions of school-level environment factors, lower teaching efficacy and lower job satisfaction. Educational implications of the findings are discussed.
Raman Spectroscopy for the Nondestructive Testing of Carbon Fiber

The goal of this research is to evaluate the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a method of condition assessment for carbon fiber composite materials used in high performance situations such as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). There are currently limited nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies to evaluate these composite materials in situ. Variations in elastic strain in the composite material can manifest from degradation or damage, and as such could provide a tool for condition assessment. The characterization of active Raman bands and the strain sensitivity of these bands for commercially available carbon fibers are reported.
Fully coupled thermoelectromechanical analysis of GaN high electron mobility transistor degradation

A fully coupled multi-dimensional continuum model of the thermoelectromechanics of GaN HEMTs is presented and discussed. The governing equations are those of linear thermoelectroelasticity, diffusion-drift transport theory, and heat conduction, with full coupling assumed, i.e., all mechanical, electrical, and thermal variables are solved for simultaneously. Apart from the known strains induced by epitaxy, plane-strain conditions are assumed, so that two-dimensional simulation suffices. Important aspects of the model are that it incorporates “actual” device geometries and that it captures field/stress concentrations that often occur near material discontinuities and especially at corners. The latter are shown to be especially important with regards to understanding the mechanisms of both electrical and mechanical degradation in GaN HEMTs. Various possible contributors to degradation are discussed, including electron injection, the inverse piezoelectric effect, thermal stress, SiN intrinsic stress, and devi.
Global versus Local Asset Pricing: A New Test of Market Integration

Should capital cost calculations be based on a global or local market benchmark? The December 2000 redefinition of the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) global equity index was a natural experiment addressing this question. It is argued that this event triggered a portfolio shift (by index funds) large enough to affect the residual asset supplies constituting the global and local market benchmarks of all actively managed capital. Changes in the market benchmarks imply distinct and predictable changes to global and local stock betas. Exploring whether global or local beta changes best explain the cross-section of event returns reveals that stocks in developed markets are priced globally and not locally. The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Convective Variability Associated with the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation in the South China Sea Region

This study investigates the convective cloud population, precipitation microphysics, and lightning activity associated with the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) over the South China Sea (SCS) and surrounding landmasses. SCS rainfall shows a marked 30–60-day intraseasonal variability. This variability is less evident over land. The population of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and the stratiform rain fraction over the SCS, Philippines, and Indochina increase remarkably after the onset of BSISO. Convection over the SCS during inactive periods exhibits a trimodal population including shallow cumulus, congestus, and deep convection, mirroring the situation over tropical open oceans. The shallow mode is absent over land. Shallow cumulus clouds rapidly transition to congestus clouds over the SCS under active BSISO conditions. Over land, deep convection and lightning lead total rainfall and MCSs by 2–3 BSISO phases, whereas they are somewhat in phase over the SCS. Although convective instability over the SCS is larger during active periods compared to inactive periods, variability in convective intensity and precipitation microphysics is minimal, with active periods showing only higher frequency of moderate ice scattering and 30-dB Z heights extending to −10°C. Over the Philippines and Indochina, inactive phases exhibit substantially stronger ice scattering signatures, robust mixed-phase microphysics, and higher lightning flash rates, possibly due to greater convective instability and a stronger convective diurnal cycle. Total rainfall, convective environments, and convective structures over Borneo are all out of phase with that over the Philippines and Indochina, while southern China shows little BSISO variability on convective intensity and lightning frequency.
Equity Market Contagion During the Global Financial Crisis: Evidence from the World's Eight Largest Economies

The global financial crisis (2007–2009) saw sharp declines in stock markets around the world, affecting both advanced and emerging markets. In this paper we test for the existence of equity market contagion originating from the US to advanced and emerging markets during the crisis period. Using a latent factor model, we provide strong evidence of contagion effects in both advanced and emerging equity markets. In the aggregate equity market indices, contagion from the US explains a large portion of the variance in stock returns in both advanced and emerging markets. However, in the financial sector indices we find less evidence of contagion than in the aggregate indices, and this is particularly the case for the advanced markets. The results suggest that contagion effects are not strongly related to high levels of global integration.
Geochemical investigation of Sasa tailings dam material and its influence on the Lake Kalimanci surficial sediments (Republic of Macedonia) – preliminary study

This research is aimed at investigating the mineralogical characteristics of the tailings material and heavy metal contents of the tailings material deposited close to the Sasa Pb-Zn Mine in the Osogovo Mountains (eastern Macedonia) and on its possible impact on Lake Kalimanci. The mineral composition of Sasa Mine tailings material is dominated by quartz, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, magnetite and others. Geochemical analysis was performed in a certified commercial laboratory for the following elements: Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Cd, Sb, Bi, Ag, Al, Fe, Mn, S. Analysis revealed very high concentrations of toxic metals in the tailing material – with average values �mg kg-1�: Mo 2.9, Cu 279, Pb 3975, Zn 5320, Ni 30, As 69, Cd 84, Sb 4.2, Bi 9.4 and Ag 4.1. The multi-element contamination of Sasa Mine tailings material was assigned a pollution index greater of 15, indicating that the tailings material from Sasa Mine contains very high amounts of toxic metals and represents a high environmental risk for surrounding ecosystems. For this reason the influence of discharged tailings dam material into Lake Kalimanci which lies approximately 12 km lower than Sasa Mine, was also established. Calculated pollution index values for Lake Kalimanci sediments vary from 21 to 65 and for Sasa mine surficial tailings dam material from 15 to 60.