Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who cares in England and Wales? The Positive Care Law: cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND The inverse care law proposing that medical services are distributed inversely to population health needs, and that this law operates more completely where medical care is most exposed to market forces, was first suggested by Tudor Hart in 1971. This paper considers whether an inverse care law can be observed for the provision of informal care as well as for medical care. AIM Using data from the 2001 census we sought to investigate the contemporary relevance of the inverse care law. DESIGN OF STUDY Cross-sectional study. SETTING England and Wales. METHOD Data from the 2001 census for the population of England and Wales were analysed at the county, unitary, or former metropolitan authority level. The prevalence of the conjunction of general health status and limiting long-term illness was correlated with the percentage of the local population who were working as qualified healthcare workers (nurses, qualified medical practitioners, dentists, and other health professionals and therapists) and with the percentage of the population providing 50 or more hours of unpaid care per week. RESULTS In 2001, 7.6% of people reported that their health was not good and that they had a limiting long-term illness (the need for care). Over one million people reported providing 50 or more hours of unpaid care per week. An inverse care law was found at the ecological level between the need for care and the proportion of the population who were working as qualified medical practitioners, dentists, and other health professionals. Informal care was almost perfectly positively correlated with the need for care (r = 0.97). These relationships were more marked for areas in the north of the country compared with the south. In the north more people provide unpaid care as more people need that care and because there are fewer working qualified medical professionals, other than nurses, providing such care per head. CONCLUSIONS Medical care is distributed inversely to need, whereas the provision of informal care is positively related to need--where care is most needed, informal care is most likely to be provided. The greater the market forces that are allowed to intervene in the relationships between the need for care and its provision, the more likely the inverse care law is to be found to apply. Where no market forces apply, where people give up their time for free to provide care, an almost perfectly positive care law is found to apply.
And Then the Dog Died

ABSTRACT Childhood grief and mourning of family and friends may have immediate and long-lasting consequences including depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, behavioral disturbances, and school underachievement. Childhood pet bereavement is no less important, because the pet is often considered a member of the family by the child. However, society does not always acknowledge the significance of pet bereavement, which can result in unresolved grief. This article, a case analysis with literature review, addresses childhood pet bereavement in the context of multiple prior losses (K. R. Kaufman & N. D. Kaufman, 2005). This case mirrors both old and new findings in grief research and therapy: (a) beneficial response to emotional expression of grief in context of search for meaning; (b) beneficial response to cognitive approach toward grief with ability to prevent development of complicated grief even in the face of multiple losses; (c) beneficial effects associated with supportive family and with positive self-concept; (d) intensity of grief magnified by the child's degree of attachment to the pet, the suddenness of the pet's death, the multiple prior losses, and the role of the pet in the child's life; and (e) resiliency. This case further emphasizes the need for parents not to trivialize death of pets, to appreciate the role pets have in children's lives, and to assist the child in multiple approaches toward expression (be it verbal, written, or artistic). Finally, this case reinforces the ability of the child to assist in family bereavement and to serve as teacher.
Adolescent Affection and Helpfulness Toward Parents:

This short-term longitudinal investigation examined the 2-year stability of adolescents’ prosocial behavior toward mothers and fathers and the predictive role of attachment, conflict, and parental influence in adolescents’ prosocial behavior. At Time 1, adolescents (n = 129) in Grades 6, 8, and 10 and their mothers (n = 126) and fathers (n = 104) completed several questionnaires during two in-home visits. Two years subsequently, families (n = 42) completed the same measures from Time 1. In general, adolescents reported less affectionate behavior and helpfulness toward fathers and mothers during early adolescence and middle adolescence. Parents reported no change in adolescents’ behavior. Adolescents’ affection and helpfulness remained stable across 2 years. For adolescent reports, attachment predicted affection, whereas paternal influence predicted helpfulness toward fathers. For parent reports, conflict and parental influence predicted adolescent affection. The use of the relational approach for understanding adolescent prosocial behavior is discussed.
Race, Education, and the Treatment of Depression in Nursing Homes

Objectives: We investigate, among older adult nursing home residents diagnosed with depression, whether depression treatment differs by race and schooling, and whether differences by schooling differ by race. We examine whether Blacks and less educated residents are placed in facilities providing less treatment, and whether differences reflect disparities in care. Method: Data from the 2006 Nursing Home Minimum Data Set for 8 states (n = 124,431), are merged with facility information from the Online Survey Certification and Reporting system. Logistic regressions examine whether resident and/or facility characteristics explain treatment differences; treatment includes antidepressants and/or psychotherapy. Results: Blacks receive less treatment (adj. OR = .79); differences by education are small. Facilities with more Medicaid enrollees, fewer high school graduates, or more Blacks provide less treatment. Discussion: We found disparities at the resident and facility level. Facilities serving a low-SES (socioeconomic status), minority clientele tend to provide less depression care, but Blacks also receive less depression treatment than Whites within nursing homes (NHs).
Effect of Magnetic Field Treatment on Germination of Medicinal Plants Salvia officinalis L . and Calendula officinalis

Great development in medicinal, spice, and aromatic plant crops has occurred in Mediterranean countries due to their high added value as a consequence of the reappearance of phitotherapy, among other reasons. The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of magnetic treatment, in addition to the geomagnetic field, on germination of Salvia officinalis L. and Calendula officinalis L. seeds. This objective has a practical application in agricultural science: to obtain the early growth of both plants. Groups of 100 seeds were exposed to a 125 mT stationary magnetic field generated by magnets at different times, whereas the other group of 100 seeds was subjected to a magnetic pre-treatment, and non-exposed seeds were used as control. Germination tests were performed under laboratory conditions. The selected germination parameters were: time for the first seed to germinate (T1), time to reach 10-75% germination (T10, T25, T50, and T75), mean germination time (MGT), and number of germinated seeds (Gmax), all provided by the Seed calculator software
Shielding properties of carbon nanotubes - amorphous composite coatings

An electric conductive and magnetic permeable composite coating with different mass fractions of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cobalt-base amorphous powder was synthesized for wide frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The results of measurement on surface resistivity and shielding effectiveness (SE) showed that the system percolation threshold is near 40 wt% of MWCNTS and 30 wt% Of amorphous powder. At this point, surface resistivity is minimum and SE is almost higher than 10 dB in the frequencies ranging 100 kHz-1.5 GHz. From SEM image of coating, it is found that fillers of coating are dispersed well. The amorphous powder of high permeability can improve the low frequency shielding effect of the coating significantly and thus obtained SE is better than that of traditional shielding coatings in low frequency band. Owing to its light weight, low filler concentration and easy processability, the composite coating can promisingly be used as an effective and practical wide frequency EMI shielding material.
CD-Tree: A clustering-based dynamic indexing and retrieval approach

In the big data era, the efficient indexing of gradually increasing databases is becoming vitally important for information retrieval. To incrementally adapt to changes of databases, in this paper we propose a novel clustering based dynamic indexing and retrieval approach. The tree-like indexing structure, termed as CD-Tree, updates the structure with constant insertion of data, keeping the tree in consistent with the newest database. The nodes in the CD-Tree are fitted by Gaussian Mixture Models, based on which we design the efficient updating algorithm. The similarity retrieval method utilizing the CD-Tree is further presented, combining one-way search and backtracking strategy to gain good retrieval accuracy and efficiency. We applied the CD-Tree to example-based image retrieval. The experimental results confirm that our approach is effective and promising.
Effects of noise on people.

An overview of the effects of noise on people as can be determined from the scientific literature is presented. Only audible noise is considered and no attempt is made to describe the extent of the noise problem in terms of the number of people affected or in terms of social and economic costs. Rather, emphasis is placed on describing and classifying the adverse effects and relating them in a general way to the intensive and temporal properties of audible noise. For simplicity, the intensive dimension of the noise is usually given as the A‐weighted sound level and detailed descriptions and evaluations of various acoustical measurements are for the most part avoided. The effects of noise are classified as auditory, general psychological, and sociological, or as general physiological. A summary is included.
Take This Job and Shove It: Examining the Influence of Role Stressors and Emotional Exhaustion on Organizational Commitment and Identification in Professional Truck Drivers

Professional truck drivers experience many challenges in the course of performing their jobs. Drivers must meet the needs of their company, shippers, and receivers as well as comply with safety regulations. It is well documented that truck drivers are prone to physical exhaustion; however, they may also be subject to emotional exhaustion, which can impact their decision to remain with a company. This research examines the influence of job stressors, such as role conflict and role ambiguity and their relationship to emotional exhaustion in professional truck drivers. Furthermore, the effect that job stressors and emotional exhaustion have on the efforts of a firm to build corporate identification, collective mind, and commitment among truck drivers is examined. Using qualitative and quantitative data from 435 professional truck drivers, a conceptual model is developed and tested using structural equation modeling. Findings are discussed and implications for managers in improving driver retention rates are offered.
The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tourism: A Preliminary Case Study

The March 2011 Japanese earthquake and accompanying tsunami precipitated a nuclear emergency of radioactive leakages from a crippled power plant, developments which individually and collectively adversely affected tourist demand. Advances towards recovery followed, but resolution had still to be achieved by the end of 2012. Circumstances represent a noteworthy case study of how natural disasters generate multiple-event criseswhichimpactthetourismindustry,revealing both its vulnerability and resilience, and have long term environmental consequences. Findings have practical and theoretical implications, but a more detailed examination is required to fully explore the significance of the case.
Comparison of microdilution and agar dilution procedures for testing antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Studies were run in parallel to compare the broth microdilution method and the chocolate agar dilution method for testing antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Six clinically relevant drugs were tested against 23 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, including several penicillinase-producing, as well as multiply resistant, strains. Results showed that the MIC obtained by the two methods were not significantly different. The microdilution method appears to be a more sensitive system for discriminating penicillinase activity. The microdilution system is a more expedient method for screening new antibacterial agents and is more readily adaptable to new automated equipment.
A multilayered feed-forward network based on qubit neuron model

With the development of our highly information-oriented society, there is an increasing demand for large-scale and high-level information processing. Toward this goal, studies have sought to create a new computation principle having an information processing ability exceeding the existing Neumann-type computer, such as the creation of a new computation theory or the integration of the frameworks of existing computation theories. As one such approach, quantum neural computing is considered to be interesting, which integrates neural computing and quantum computation. This paper constructs the feed-forward neural network, which is widely used in practice, based on the qubit neuron model. The 4-bit parity-check problem and the general function identification problem are considered. The performance is compared to the feed-forward network based on the conventional neuron model, and it is shown that the proposed model has a higher performance than the conventional model, using the learning diagram composed of convergence rate and the number of learning iterations. The reason for the better performance is also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(13): 43–51, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10342
Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals a Role for Serine and Threonine Kinases in the Cytoskeletal Reorganization in Early T Cell Receptor Activation in Human Primary T Cells*

Protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation events play a primary role in regulation of almost all aspects of cell function including signal transduction, cell cycle, or apoptosis. Thus far, T cell phosphoproteomics have focused on analysis of phosphotyrosine residues, and little is known about the role of serine/threonine phosphorylation in early activation of the T cell receptor (TCR). Therefore, we performed a quantitative mass spectrometry-based analysis of the global phosphoproteome of human primary T cells in response to 5 min of TCR activation with anti-CD3 antibody. Combining immunoprecipitation with an antiphosphotyrosine antibody, titanium dioxide phosphopeptide enrichment, isobaric tag for the relative and absolute quantitation methodology, and strong cation exchange separation, we were able to identify 2814 phosphopeptides. These unique sites were employed to investigate the site-specific phosphorylation dynamics. Five hundred and seventeen phosphorylation sites showed TCR-responsive changes. We found that upon 5 min of stimulation of the TCR, specific serine and threonine kinase motifs are overrepresented in the set of responsive phosphorylation sites. These phosphorylation events targeted proteins with many different activities and are present in different subcellular locations. Many of these proteins are involved in intracellular signaling cascades related mainly to cytoskeletal reorganization and regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction, probably involved in the formation of the immune synapse.
Post adoption evaluation model for cloud computing services utilization in universities in Kenya

Cloud Computing, a recent technology development presents a paradigm shift in computing, a move away from personal computers and enterprise server systems, to a “cloud” of computers located on the internet. Applications and resources are accessed from the “cloud”. The introduction of cloud computing services in Kenya by some telecommunication company like Safari Cloud from Safaricom Limited is an indicator that cloud computing technology is gaining ground and popularity locally. Technology adoption studies, which include Cloud computing adoption, have mainly been carried out in United State of America, Europe, Japan and Australia. No previous study has analyzed the acceptance and use of cloud computing services in a university setting in Kenya. In addition, no model has been advanced to explain the factors that influence acceptance and use of cloud services in the same setting. A conceptual model derived from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was used as a guide in this study. Survey ( n =217) and Focus Group Discussion ( n =12) were used as data collection instruments in an attempt to understand cloud services adoption and use. The results of partial correlation showed that Performance Expectancy and Facilitating Condition were the two main factors that significantly influence cloud services acceptance and use in the universities in Kenya. The Focus Group Discussion results showed that personal ego was a factor that prevented individuals from admitting that they were socially influenced towards adoption and use of cloud services. The findings will be useful to multiple stakeholders that include; academic researchers, technology adoption and perception researchers and cloud services providers and vendors.
Reducing a cost of traumatic insemination: female bedbugs evolve a unique organ

The frequent wounding of female bedbugs (Cimex lectularius: Cimicidae) during copulation has been shown to decrease their fitness, but how females have responded to this cost in evolutionary terms is unclear. The evolution of a unique anatomical structure found in female bedbugs, the spermalege, into which the male's intromittent organ passes during traumatic insemination, is a possible counteradaptation to harmful male traits. Several functions have been proposed for this organ, and we test two hypotheses related to its role in sexual conflict. We examine the hypotheses that the spermalege functions to (i) defend against pathogens introduced during traumatic insemination; and (ii) reduce the costs of wound healing during traumatic insemination. Our results support the ‘defence against pathogens’ hypothesis, suggesting that the evolution of this unique cimicid organ resulted, at least partly, from selection to reduce the costs of mating-associated infection. We found no evidence that the spermalege reduces the costs of wound healing.
Case Studies on Glazing Robot Technology on Construction Sites

Glass panel (curtain-wall, glass ceiling etc.) is a type of building material for interior/exterior finishing. The demand for larger glass panel has increased along with the number of high-rise buildings and an increased interest in interior design. Typical construction machineries are, however, not adequate for installing the glass panel and most of the construction works have been still managed by a human operator. Construction processes are, therefore, fraught with a number of problems. The objective of this paper to introduce case studies on glazing robot technology for installing glass panel on construction sites. The first case is related to robot technology for installing curtain-walls in a high-rise building construction site. To satisfy curtain-walls installing needs for precise and safe work, especially, a hybrid motion typed curtain-wall glazing robot (HCGR) has been developed and applied to real construction sites. After applying HCGR to a real construction site, the second case study is directly planned to apply glazing robot technology to glass ceiling installing process. In all cases, a novel control strategy of glazing robot is proposed for installation of heavy glass panels in cooperation between a human operator and a glazing robot.
A Cross-National Comparative Study of New Product Development Processes: Japan and the United States

Drawing on the marketing and management literatures, the authors identify strategic, tactical, and environmental factors that influence the commercial success of new products. They test the resulting conceptual model using data collected on 788 Japanese and 612 American new product development projects. The results provide insights into the antecedents and correlates of new product success and failure in both Japanese and U.S. firms, as well as into successful and unsuccessful management practices.
The significance of home cooking within families

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to explore parents' and teens' perspectives on the significance of being able to cook.Design/methodology/approach – In this qualitative study, 22 families participated in in‐depth interviews that explored their perspectives on food in the family and the significance of being able to cook. The sample was socio‐economically diverse and drew from one urban and one rural community in British Columbia, Canada.Findings – The main themes from participants' descriptions of the significance of home cooking were that home cooking gave families control over their food supply, helped them to connect to others, enabled them to explore their own and others' food cultures and, in the case of teens, become more independent.Research limitations/implications – The paper shows that the familial motivations for home cooking go beyond concerns for health or home economy and would benefit from further exploration.Practical implications – For food producers and retailers, cooking instructors, .
The Determinants and Consequences of Search Cost Heterogeneity: Evidence from Local Gasoline Markets

Information frictions play a key role in an array of economic activities and are frequently incorporated into formal models as search costs. However, little is known about the underlying source of consumer search costs and how heterogeneous they are across markets. This study analyzes the sources and magnitude of heterogeneity in consumer search costs in retail gasoline markets. In doing so, the authors also investigate the extent to which retail gasoline stations employ mixed pricing strategies. They identify hundreds of geographically isolated markets and are the first to estimate the distribution of consumer search costs for many geographic markets. They directly recover the distribution of consumer search costs, market by market, using price data for retail gasoline in the United States. They find that the distribution of consumer search costs varies significantly across geographic markets and that distribution of household income is closely associated with search cost distribution.