Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility, Default Risk and Conservatism Effect to Earning Management with Good Corporate Governance as Moderating Variable in Manufacturing Company Whose Shares Incorporated in Indonesia Sharia Stock Index

The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze Good Corporate Governance in moderating the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (as measured by economic, environmental and social), Default Risk (as measured by debt to equity ratio and debt to assets ratio) and Conservatism (as measured by earning / stock return relation, accruals and net assets) Earnings Management. The sample used is a manufacturing company during the period 2011-2015. The total sample used is 170 samples. Sampling technique used is saturated sample method. The analytical model used in this research with Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that Corporate Social Responsibility, as measured by the economy and environment, has a positive and significant effect on earning management, while Corporate Social Responsibility measured by social have negative and significant effect to earning management. Default risk, as measured by debt to equity ratio and debt to asset ratio, has positive and significant effect on Earnings Management. Also, conservatism measured by earning / stock return relation and accrual has adverse and insignificant effect on earning management. Good Corporate Governance moderates weakening the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility as measured by economic, environmental to Earnings Management. Meanwhile, the interaction of Corporate Social Responsibility proxy by social with good corporate governance has a positive and significant effect. Good Corporate Governance moderates weakening the effect of default risk measured by debt to equity ratio on Earnings Management, while the interaction between default risk measured by debt to asset ratio with good corporate governance has positive and insignificant effect, so GCG does not moderate the effect of default risk as measured by debt to asset ratio to Earnings Management. Another result was that good Corporate governance does not moderate Conservatism effect measured by Earning Stock Return and accrual to Earnings Management on manufacturing companies registered in ISSI on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
A Switch From Prohormone Convertase (PC)-2 to PC1/3 Expression in Transplanted α-Cells Is Accompanied by Differential Processing of Proglucagon and Improved Glucose Homeostasis in Mice

OBJECTIVE—Glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels by stimulating hepatic glucose production, is produced in α-cells via cleavage of proglucagon by prohormone convertase (PC)-2. In the enteroendocrine L-cell, proglucagon is differentially processed by the alternate enzyme PC1/3 to yield glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, GLP-2, and oxyntomodulin, which have blood glucose–lowering effects. We hypothesized that alteration of PC expression in α-cells might convert the α-cell from a hyperglycemia-promoting cell to one that would improve glucose homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We compared the effect of transplanting encapsulated PC2-expressing αTC-1 cells with PC1/3-expressing αTCΔPC2 cells in normal mice and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice. RESULTS—Transplantation of PC2-expressing α-cells increased plasma glucagon levels and caused mild fasting hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and α-cell hypoplasia. In contrast, PC1/3-expressing α-cells increased plasma GLP-1/GLP-2 levels, improved glucose tolerance, and promoted β-cell proliferation. In GLP-1R−/− mice, the ability of PC1/3-expressing α-cells to improve glucose tolerance was attenuated. Transplantation of PC1/3-expressing α-cells prevented STZ-induced hyperglycemia by preserving β-cell area and islet morphology, possibly via stimulating β-cell replication. However, PC2-expressing α-cells neither prevented STZ-induced hyperglycemia nor increased β-cell proliferation. Transplantation of αTCΔPC2, but not αTC-1 cells, also increased intestinal epithelial proliferation. CONCLUSIONS—Expression of PC1/3 rather than PC2 in α-cells induces GLP-1 and GLP-2 production and converts the α-cell from a hyperglycemia-promoting cell to one that lowers blood glucose levels and promotes islet survival. This suggests that alteration of proglucagon processing in the α-cell may be therapeutically useful in the context of diabetes.
Influence of Raindrop Size Distribution on Throughfall Dynamics under Pine and Birch Trees at the Rainfall Event Level

Part of precipitation is intercepted by forest canopies, while the rest reaches the ground as throughfall or stemflow. This process is influenced by various meteorological variables, of which we have mainly focused on drop diameter and velocity. Rainfall in the open and throughfall under birch and pine trees have both been measured since 2014 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The results demonstrate that the total throughfall during 3.5 years was 73% and 53% of rainfall under birch and pine trees, respectively. During the 236 analysed events, the median volume diameter was 1.8 mm (±1.7 mm), and kinetic energy between 0.01 mJ/cm2 and 23.3 mJ/cm2 was recorded. We closely analysed the effect of rainfall microstructure on throughfall under pine and birch trees during three specific rainfall events. The increase in drop diameter and fall velocity during a rainfall event instantaneously increased throughfall under pine trees between 25% and 47%, whereas no such changes were observed under birch trees. This may be the consequence of different tree properties of the two species. Additionally, in the case of a saturated canopy, throughfall under pine trees exceeded rainfall in the open after an onset of larger and faster drops.
Residual entropy of ordinary ice from multicanonical simulations

We introduce two simple models with nearest neighbor interactions on 3D hexagonal lattices. Each model allows one to calculate the residual entropy of ice I (ordinary ice) by means of multicanonical simulations. This gives the correction to the residual entropy derived by Linus Pauling in 1935. Our estimate is found to be within less than 0.1% of an analytical approximation by Nagle, which is an improvement of Pauling's result. We pose it as a challenge to experimentalists to improve on the accuracy of a 1936 measurement by Giauque and Stout by about one order of magnitude, which would allow one to identify corrections to Pauling's value unambiguously. It is straightforward to transfer our methods to other crystal systems.
Chemoradiation-induced expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and laminin in patients with cervical cancer

Objective: To investigate the protein expression change of FGF2 in cervical cancers during chemoradiotherapy, as indicated in our previous study using microarray analysis. In addition, we sought to examine the predictive value of such changes in expression for disease failure after chemoradiotherapy. Patients and Methods: Biopsy specimens were obtained from 35 patients with cervical cancers before (pretreatment) and 1 week after initiation (midtreatment) of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (9 Gy and 40 mg/m2 of cisplatin). Immunohistochemical studies (IHS) were performed to detect FGF2, laminin, and CD44 expression using an automated streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase staining system. Positive area proportion (%) of FGF2 and CD44 were analyzed using an image analysis system, and laminin staining pattern was scored by continuity of the basement membrane immunopositivity. Patients were defined as good (n =18) or poor responders (n =10) based on their two-year disease-free survival. Results: Protein expression of FGF2 in midtreatment samples (mid) was significantly higher than in pretreatment samples (pre). Discontinuity of laminin staining pattern in mid was significantly higher than in pre. Protein expression of CD44 was not significantly different between mid and pre. The ratio change (mid versus pre) of FGF2 expression in poor responders was significantly lower than that in good responders (P < 0.05). The number of cases with discontinuity of laminin staining pattern at pre was significantly increased in the poor responders (P < 0.05). Ratio changes of FGF2 or CD44 expression in mid correlated with laminin staining pattern in pre. Conclusions: Using biopsy specimens from pretreatment and midtreatment cervical cancers, we revealed significant changes in FGF2 protein expression during fractionated radiotherapy with cisplatin. We also found that FGF2 ratio change and laminin discontinuity staining pattern at pretreatment were significantly associated with prognosis. These molecular features might help us to identify patients at high risk of disease failure after CRT.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Considerations for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases in the Developing World

Pulmonary hypertension is broadly recognized as a group of disorders that share the common characteristic of an elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (≥25 mm Hg). Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; Group 1) is a subset of the pulmonary hypertension disorders that is also characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling, the formation of plexiform lesions, and poor clinical outcomes. When present, pulmonary hypertension is associated with a worse overall prognosis. Clinical evaluation of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has indicated that there is a high prevalence of PAH in patients with HIV suggesting a relationship between HIV infection and the pathogenesis of PAH. Human immunodeficiency virus is a member of the genus Lentivirus of the family Retroviridae. The primary target of HIV is the immune system; destruction of lymphocytes (mainly CD4+ T cells) by the virus induces severe damage to the host immune function, which increases patient risk for developing opportunistic infections. AIDS is a clinical syndrome representing the final stage of HIV infection and is often characterized by a CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/μL. Even in the contemporary era of immune-modulating therapies, the prevalence of HIV infection continues to grow worldwide, devastating the health of individuals, communities, regions, and entire countries.1 Two major types of the virus are reported: HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is related to viruses originally endemic to West African primates and is primarily responsible for the AIDS pandemic, whereas HIV type 2 (HIV-2) is comparatively less virulent. HIV infection promotes a range of cardiovascular diseases,2,3 and is an independent risk factor for the development of pulmonary vascular diseases, including severe PAH, the latter of which is the subject of this review. In 1987, Kim and Factor4 published the first case report of a 40-year-old homosexual man with hemophilia and AIDS, …
ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICES OF PROJECT COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT IN IRAQ

Architects are significant initiators for the built environment projects, while architecture is all about communicating effectively with clients. Yet, some problems occur in regard to the mutual transfer of project information between those two parties. Thus, it is essential to enrol a proper system for managing project communication through communication management. Communication management is a notable part of the project management body of knowledge that coordinates and manages the process of exchanging information of the designing projects. However, studies confirmed that practices of communication management are often underestimated and overlooked. This article discusses communication management from architects’ perspectives with the objectives of determining the current practice in Iraq and examining the required communication competencies to improve it. An online questionnaire survey was administered via surveymonkey.com to 100 architects working in private firms in Basra City, south of Iraq. The collected data were analysed with Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The analyses for the two objectives showed that Iraqi architects have little information and knowledge in project communication management, where standards and methodologies are not followed. The results also indicated the top-rated competencies to be obtained. Thus, this article concludes that there is a need to introduce communication management as an evolving knowledge area to the architects in Iraq, and develop its implementation through communication competencies that attempt to fulfil clients’ requirement and aspirations regarding the architectural design.
Long-term effect in ADL after an interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme for WAD patients: a mixed-method study for deeper understanding of participants’ programme experiences

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate long-term effects in self-perceived occupational performance and satisfaction in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) for patients with Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) with chronic pain in an interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme, and investigate patients’ opinions of programme effects. Method: A mixed-method with sequential explanatory design was used. Fifty-three patients with WAD were followed-up 12 months after discharge. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used to evaluate the change in ADL and the Multidimensional Pain Inventory for psychosocial functioning. Telephone interviews, based on five structured questions about the perceived impact of the rehabilitation programme, were made. Results: The 12-month follow-up showed significant ADL improvement (p < 0.001). There was less interference in daily activities due to pain (p < 0.01), and life control increased. More people were back to work. Interviews revealed the programme’s environment as strengthening and safe, and participants felt they were met with respect. Key success factors were to be treated with respect to being part of the social context and to obtain new knowledge. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme had initiated a process of change towards a more active life for the participants. They had found a new way of managing their lives. Despite the absence of pain reduction, they managed ADL in a better way, had more life control and returned to work to a higher degree. Implications for Rehabilitation Chronic pain after WAD effects the entire life for many people. Long-term effects on activities of daily living, life control and work ability have shown positive results after an interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme based on behavioural and cognitive principles. The key success factors were to be treated with respect to being a part of a social context and to obtain new knowledge.
Damage Control Resuscitation Is Associated With a Reduction in Resuscitation Volumes and Improvement in Survival in 390 Damage Control Laparotomy Patients

Objective:To determine whether implementation of damage control resuscitation (DCR) in patients undergoing damage control laparotomy (DCL) translates into improved survival. Background:DCR aims at preventing coagulopathy through permissive hypotension, limiting crystalloids and delivering higher ratios of plasma and platelets. Previous work has focused only on the impact of delivering higher ratios (1:1:1). Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed on all DCL patients admitted between January 2004 and August 2010. Patients were divided into pre-DCR implementation and DCR groups and were excluded if they died before completion of the initial laparotomy. The lethal triad was defined as immediate postoperative temperature less than 95°F, international normalized ratio more than 1.5, or a pH less than 7.30. Results:A total of 390 patients underwent DCL. Of these, 282 were pre-DCR and 108 were DCR. Groups were similar in demographics, injury severity, admission vitals, and laboratory values. DCR patients received less crystalloids (median: 14 L vs 5 L), red blood cells (13 U vs 7 U), plasma (11 U vs 8 U), and platelets (6 U vs 0 U) in 24 hours, all P < 0.05. DCR patients had less evidence of the lethal triad upon intensive care unit arrival (80% vs 46%, P < 0.001). 24-hour and 30-day survival was higher with DCR (88% vs 97%, P = 0.006 and 76% vs 86%, P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis controlling for age, injury severity, and emergency department variables, demonstrated DCR was associated with a significant increase in 30-day survival (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.10–5.58, P = 0.028). Conclusion:In patients undergoing DCL, implementation of DCR reduces crystalloid and blood product administration. More importantly, DCR is associated with an improvement in 30-day survival.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of curcuminoids isolated from turmeric

In a search for plant extracts with potent antimicr obial activity, turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) was extracted to get volatile oil and total curcuminoids . Further total curcuminoids portion was isolated by column chromatography to get curcumin , bisdemethoxycurcumin and demethoxycurcumin. The isolated curcuminoids were identified a nd characterized by melting point, thin layer chromato graphy, infra red spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic re sonance and mass spectrometry. All the three isolated curcumino ids were evaluated for antibacterial activity by Ag ar diffusion method against medically important bacteria viz. B. subtilis, K. pneumonia, E. coli, Enterobacter ae rogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. auresus and P. Mirabilis. Two fungi were selected viz. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans for antifungal potential of three isolated curcumi noids by Agar well diffusion method. Out of three curcuminoids, curcumin showed better antibacterial as well as antifungal activity as compare to bisdemethoxycurcumin and demethoxycurcumin. Kanamycin was used as standard drug for antibacterial acti vity and Fluconazole as standard for antifungal activity .
Increasing homogeneity in global food supplies and the implications for food security

Significance This study provides evidence of change in the relative importance of different crop plants in national food supplies worldwide over the past 50 years. Within a global trend of increased overall quantities of food calories, protein, fat, and weight, and increased proportions of those quantities sourcing from energy-dense foods, national food supplies diversified in regard to contributing measured crop commodities. As a consequence, national food supplies globally have become increasingly similar in composition, based upon a suite of truly global crop plants. The growth in reliance worldwide on these crops heightens interdependence among countries in their food supplies, plant genetic resources, and nutritional priorities. The narrowing of diversity in crop species contributing to the world’s food supplies has been considered a potential threat to food security. However, changes in this diversity have not been quantified globally. We assess trends over the past 50 y in the richness, abundance, and composition of crop species in national food supplies worldwide. Over this period, national per capita food supplies expanded in total quantities of food calories, protein, fat, and weight, with increased proportions of those quantities sourcing from energy-dense foods. At the same time the number of measured crop commodities contributing to national food supplies increased, the relative contribution of these commodities within these supplies became more even, and the dominance of the most significant commodities decreased. As a consequence, national food supplies worldwide became more similar in composition, correlated particularly with an increased supply of a number of globally important cereal and oil crops, and a decline of other cereal, oil, and starchy root species. The increase in homogeneity worldwide portends the establishment of a global standard food supply, which is relatively species-rich in regard to measured crops at the national level, but species-poor globally. These changes in food supplies heighten interdependence among countries in regard to availability and access to these food sources and the genetic resources supporting their production, and give further urgency to nutrition development priorities aimed at bolstering food security.
Effect of lipopolysaccharide on proteoglycan synthesis by adult human gingival fibroblasts in vitro

The effect of lipopolysaccharide preparations from Salmonella enteritidis, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on human gingival fibroblasts was studied. Lipopolysaccharide from all sources inhibited fibroblast proliferation in the concentration range of 0.5 to 50 micrograms/ml, with the lipopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans having the strongest inhibitory effect. Assessment of the effect of lipopolysaccharide on gingival fibroblast metabolism indicated both total protein and proteoglycan synthesis to be inhibited with increasing concentrations of lipopolysaccharide. As for the antiproliferative effect, lipopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans had the greatest inhibitory effect on cell synthetic activity. This inhibitory effect was determined by pulse-chase experiments to be a true depression in synthesis. Furthermore, the effect was independent of lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in cell proliferation and prostaglandin synthesis. This study confirmed the toxic effect of lipopolysaccharide on fibroblasts and, in particular, indicated that various lipopolysaccharide preparations vary in their potency to influence cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis.
A Trust-based Defence Scheme for Mitigating Blackhole and Selective Forwarding Attacks in the RPL Routing Protocol

The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) has gained prominence as the standard IoT routing protocol. However, it faces like many other routing protocols diverse attacks. Many studies have been proposed to secure the RPL protocol, and simulation studies have been put forward as the main research method, while testbed experiments, though an authentic research and testing method, have been ignored. Although testbed experiments and simulation studies have their strengths and limitations, testbed techniques could be used as a verifiable validation method for simulation studies. This study is a follow up research work to validate our simulation study, which addressed Blackhole attacks in the RPL routing protocol. In addition, Selective Forwarding attacks are also addressed. It implements a testbed while embedding our Trust-based RPL protocol and the standard RPL protocol in a smart environment configuration. Based on the test experiments, we provide a proof-of-concept of the validity of our claim that our Trust-based RPL protocol provides a comprehensive defence (simulation and testbed) against Blackhole and Selective Forwarding attacks.
Functional reconstitution of γ‐secretase through coordinated expression of presenilin, nicastrin, Aph‐1, and Pen‐2

The γ‐secretase complex has emerged as an unusual membrane‐bound aspartyl protease with the ability to cleave certain substrate proteins at peptide bonds believed to be buried within the hydrophobic environment of the lipid bilayer. This cleavage is responsible for a key biochemical step in signaling from several different cell‐surface receptors, and it is also crucial in generating the neurotoxic amyloid peptides that are central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Active γ‐secretase is a multimeric protein complex consisting of at least four different proteins, presenilin, nicastrin, Aph‐1, and Pen‐2, with presenilin serving as the catalytically active core of the aspartyl protease. Presenilin itself undergoes endoproteolytic maturation, a process that is tightly regulated during the assembly and maturation of γ‐secretase, and that depends on the three cofactors nicastrin, Aph‐1, and Pen‐2. Recent studies have demonstrated that presenilin and its three cofactors are likely to be the major proteins needed for functional reconstitution of active γ‐secretase and have begun to elucidate the specific functions of the cofactors in the ordered assembly of γ‐secretase. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.