Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dieta hiperlipídica e capacidade secretória de insulina em ratos

OBJETIVOS: Este estudo investigou, em ratos, os efeitos da administracao cronica de uma dieta hiperlipidica palatavel sobre: ganho de peso, adiposidade, conteudos de glicogenio hepatico e muscular, glicemia e insulinemia, morfologia do pâncreas e secrecao de insulina por ilhotas isoladas, incubadas in vitro. METODOS: Ratos Wistar machos (21 dias de idade) foram alimentados com dieta hiperlipidica palatavel ou com dieta padrao, durante 15 semanas. Peso corporal e consumo de racao foram avaliados diariamente, glicose e insulina plasmatica foram avaliadas semanalmente. Apos o sacrificio, pâncreas, figado, gastrocnemio e tecidos adiposos foram coletados e pesados. Cortes do pâncreas foram analisados por microscopia otica comum. Insulina plasmatica e a secretada por ilhotas isoladas, apos incubacao na presenca de diferentes concentracoes de glicose, foram avaliadas por radioimunoensaio. RESULTADOS: A dieta hiperlipidica palatavel aumentou a adiposidade, a percentagem do ganho de peso corporal e o conteudo do glicogenio hepatico, quando comparada a dos animais alimentados com dieta padrao. Glicemias e insulinemias de jejum nao diferiram entre os grupos. A secrecao de insulina das ilhotas isoladas dos ratos aumentou, nos tratados com dieta hiperlipidica, apenas em presenca de concentracoes fisiologicas de glicose (G= 8,3mM). A dieta hiperlipidica reduziu o tamanho do pâncreas, mas aumentou o numero de celulas beta. Alem disso, o lumen dos vasos sanguineos pancreaticos apresentou-se reduzido, quando comparado aos controles. CONCLUSAO: A obesidade provocada pela dieta hiperlipidica nao alterou os niveis de glicose e insulina de jejum desses animais. Apesar das alteracoes morfologicas do pâncreas, a manutencao da normoglicemia dos ratos tratados com dieta hiperlipidica, provavelmente, deveu-se a capacidade preservada de suas ilhotas em secretar insulina.
The Erickson Life Study: A Five-Year Examination of a Screening Tool in a Continuing Care Retirement Community

Continuing care retirement communities are an increasingly popular housing choice for older adults. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of an entrance tool to predict transitions over a 5-year time period. A sample of 261 participants was recruited. A discriminant analysis revealed that baseline scores correctly classified the Year 5 status of 71.3% of the cases, with 69.6% of those who experienced a change in status classified correctly. The use of the tool potentially provides the staff an objective means for pinpointing the areas where services may be required for the residents’ well-being.
Beliefs and practices about food during pregnancy. Implications for maternal nutrition.

As in many other countries there are traditional beliefs in India regarding specific food items a pregnant woman should or should not eat during pregnancy and about the proper amount of food desirable for a pregnant woman for successful reproductive outcome. This paper reviews the evidence available from community or hospital studies regarding these beliefs as well as the reasons reported for these beliefs and the extent to which these are reflected in their food behavior. Programmatic implications of the findings are discussed. All societies have traditional beliefs regarding harmful and beneficial foods for women during pregnancy. There are also beliefs regarding the optimal amount of food to be taken during pregnancy for a successful reproductive outcome. These beliefs may or may not conform to the modem biomedical notions about the proper types and amount of food needed by pregnant women to safeguard maternal nutrition adequate growth of foetus and safe delivery. Many studies have shown that the food taken by a large section of pregnant women in India is deficient in caloric content protein and other nutrient-a leading cause of maternal and child mortality. (excerpt)
Pediatric Dentistry: A Clinical Approach

1. Pediatric Oral Care: the Perspectives 2. Oral Health in Children and Adolescents 3. Mental Development of the Child: Implications for Dental Care 4. Behavior Management Problems in Children and Adolescents 5. Somatic Growth, Development and Child Health 6. Case History and Clinical Examination 7. Radiography Examination and Diagnosis 8. Caries Prevention in Child Dental Care 9. Pain, Pain Control and Sedation in Children and Adolescents 10. The Caries Lesion and its Management in Children and Adolescents 11. Pedodontic Endodontics 12. Periodontal Conditions in Children and Adolescents 13. Developmental Disturbances in Number and Shape of Teeth and Their Treatment 14. Developmental Defects of the Dental Hard Tissues and Their Treatment 15. Eruption and Shedding of Teeth 16. Occlusal Development, Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontics 17. Traumatic Injuries: Examination, Diagnosis and Immediate Care 18. Traumatic Injuries: Follow-up, and Long Term Prognosis 19. Oral Mucous Lesions and Oral Surgery in Children and Adolescents 20. Temporomandibular Disorders in Children and Adolescents 21. Children with Chronic Health Conditions: Implications for Oral Health 22. Dental Care for the Disabled Child and Adolescent 23. Child Oral Health Care and the Dental Team Index
Children Going Home

Return in childcare policy and law the return experience identified in childcare research return in other contexts designing the study the intensive study general themes from the intesive study separation from home return becomes an issue the child back at home long-term outcomes children's return to contexts outside the family general patterns of return children for whom issues of return are more complex predicting return outcomes the revised checklist. Appendix: the statistical analysis used to predict return outcomes making assessments of the quality of relationships between members of the families of children in care the old and revised checklists compared.
Disfunción de la coherencia central en niños con trastorno de aprendizaje procedimental

Introduccion. Los ninos con trastorno de aprendizaje procedimental (TAP) tienen dificultades para percatarse rapidamente de la coherencia o incoherencia de un material complejo y describirlo verbalmente. Objetivo. Estudiar la capacidad de escolares con TAP para percatarse de las incoherencias presentes en dos imagenes complejas. Sujetos y metodos. Se muestran el test de imagen quimerica y la escena visual incoherente a 200 escolares: 20 afectos de TAP, 60 con trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH), 60 con TDAH + TAP y 60 escolares tipicos como grupo control. Se comparan las respuestas de todos los grupos mediante chi al cuadrado. Se calcula la sensibilidad, eficiencia y especificidad de cada prueba por separado y se realiza analisis discriminante segun el rendimiento conjunto en ambas. Resultados. El rendimiento en los dos grupos con TAP es inferior al de los grupos control y TDAH, tanto en el test de imagen quimerica como en la escena visual incoherente. El 93 y el 92% de los ninos que, respectivamente, rinden bajo en el test de imagen quimerica y en la escena visual incoherente estan afectos de TAP (con o sin TDAH comorbido). El 87% de los sujetos con TDAH + TAP falla en una de las pruebas o en ambas, mientras que solo lo hace el 15% de los ninos con TDAH. Conclusiones. Las dificultades especificas para la comprension rapida, simultanea y coherente de imagenes o escenas complejas, que forman parte del perfil neuropsicologico del TAP, son detectables mediante el test de imagen quimerica y la escena visual incoherente. Estos instrumentos se han revelado altamente sensibles, eficaces y especificos.
Sexually Active Adolescents have Less Knowledge and Less Fear of HIV than their Abstinent Peers

The results of a study of 1379 students from 7th and 8th grades in Rhode Island found in the analysis of variance that sexually active males are less knowledgeable about less fearful of contracting HIV infection and less tolerant of those with AIDs; risky behavior was more likely. A similar but less pronounced pattern was found among females. The samples represented 63% of all junior high students in the 4 districts selected. 78% were white had family income between US $14938-23133/year and were from urban rural and suburban areas. 72% were college bound. 25% were sexually active of which 53% of males and 40% of females had had intercourse >5 times. The average hours of HIV education were 4.7 and questionnaires on knowledge attitudes and behavior were distributed 6 weeks after the education. Grade level was significantly related to knowledge and intention to practice preventive behavior such as abstinence condom use and not sharing intravenous drug needles i.e. 8th graders were more knowledgeable. Gender affected all scales except knowledge i.e. females were more tolerant and less willing to take risks. Sexually active males were less knowledgeable than abstaining males in knowing whether AIDs is curable or whether the pill protects against HIV transmission. Risk-taking behavior was endorsed by sexually active teenagers. It is postulated that rationalization of high risk behavior to minimize or ignore the risks of HIV accounted for the differences in knowledge of those sexually active from those who are not. Caution among educators is urged in not overemphasizing abstinence and thus alienating those sexually active. Special classes for those sexually active are recommended. Activities might include role plays teaching condom use improving safe sex communication skills and increasing assertiveness skills. Pediatricians are also urged to communicate effective prevention approaches to sexually active adolescent patients.
Evaluating Migraineurs' Preferences for Migraine Treatment Outcomes Using a Choice Experiment

The impact of migraines on patients is commonly divided between the level of impairment associated with headache symptoms (headache phase) and the quality‐of‐life effects immediately following the headache (post‐headache phase). Evaluations of migraineurs' productivity losses and health‐related quality of life have provided an understanding of the burden associated with the headache and post‐headache symptoms, but do not quantify the relative importance of each phase from a patient perspective. In this study, we evaluated migraineurs' willingness to accept trade‐offs among symptom severity in the headache and post‐headache phases, symptom duration in the headache and post‐headache phases, and symptom‐free time within a general‐preference theoretic framework.
Surveillance Methods for Monitoring HIV Incidence and Drug Resistance

Disease surveillance is the continuous collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data. Information gained from routine HIV disease surveillance is vital to national program managers deciding to implement new prevention or treatment programs. In this dissertation, we describe methods for estimation of HIV incidence and the prevalence of HIV drug resistance. HIV incidence estimation is critical for identifying at-risk populations for targeted interventions and measuring the effectiveness of these interventions. We provide an in-depth literature review of the available options for estimating HIV incidence, including cross-sectional assays. Next, we describe a novel cross-sectional assay for HIV incidence estimation that discriminates between recent and long-term infections on the basis of within-host viral diversity. Diversity is measured using a version of Shannons entropy that we adapt to improve discriminatory ability. These adaptations include breaking the within-host sequence alignment into smaller sections to allow for more nuanced detection of within-host variability, and we suggest an algorithm for adjusting for multiple HIV infections using clustering methods. HIV drug resistance surveillance guides national programmatic managers identifying effective treatment regimens for HIV-infected individuals in their countries. We describe a large-scale consulting project with the World Health Organization to redesign their guidance for pre-treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance surveillance in lowand middle-income countries. Our consulting work prompted a variety of
The Septic Tank.

Vancouver, B. C. , Sept. 14, 1901. To the Editor: —In your issue of August 24, you refer to the sewage disposal at Stratford, Ont. , which I understand is by means of the septic-tank system. Your remark that this is the only system of its kind in Ontario, and probably in Canada, is not quite correct, for I am sure that the city of Vancouver, B. C. , was the first to introduce it into the Dominion. The septic-tank system has been in operation in Vancouver for six months and is giving the very best satisfaction. The neighboring city of Victoria is also installing it, and Seattle, Wash. , is observing its operations closely with the view of adopting it in the near future, if in further time its success is fully demonstrative, which I thing is certain. So many inquiries have been made at the City Hall here about the workings of
Rationale for the use of high dose sustained-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate in ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure

Isosorbide-5-mononitrate is one of the two pharmacologically active metabolites of isosorbide dinitrate. At variance from its parent drug, it has a longer elimination half-life, no metabolic first-pass, and greater bioavailability, allowing once-daily administration as standard or as sustained-release formulations. Several trials have shown that isosorbide-5-mononitrate, in the form of sustained-released capsules administered once daily at doses ranging between 50 and 100 mg, is an effective symptomatic drug for the treatment of stable angina and chronic heart failure (CHF), and is now indicated for these conditions by American and European guide- lines. In particular, at 80 mg once-daily sustained-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate has been shown to have trough plasma levels below the minimum therapeutic concentration (100 ng/mL), ensuring a nitrate-free period as sufficient as to avoid nitrate tolerance. This 80 mg dosage is the only high dose sustained-release formulation of isosorbide-5-mononitrate currently marketed in Italy. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate also exerts positive hemodynamic effects (reduction in filling pressure and systemic vascular resistance, with increase in cardiac output) in heart failure in as- sociation with standard medical therapy and hydralazine, with a positive impact on patient prog- nosis. (Heart International 2007; 3: 98-111)
Replication of Migraine GWAS Susceptibility Loci in Chinese Han Population

Recent genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 3 genetic variants that are strongly associated with migraine in Europeans. The effect of these risk variants in other populations is unknown. To further replicate the GWAS findings, we investigated the 3 variants rs2651899 (1p36.32, PRDM16), rs10166942 (2q37.1, TRPM8), and rs11172113 (12q13.3, LRP1) for their association with migraine in the Chinese Han population.
he needs of the relatives in the adult intensive care unit : Cultural daptation and psychometric properties of the Chilean-Spanish ersion of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory oelia

Introduction: The admission of a patient to an intensive care unit is an extraordinary event for their family. Although the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory is the most commonly used questionnaire for understanding the needs of relatives of critically ill patients, no Spanish-language version is available. The aim of this study was to culturally adapt and validate theCritical Care Family Needs Inventory in a sample of Chilean relatives of intensive care patients. Methods: The back-translated version of the inventory was culturally adapted following input from 12 intensive care and family experts. Then, it was evaluated by 10 relatives of recently transferred ICU patients and pre-tested in 10 relatives of patients that were in the intensive care unit. Psychometric properties were assessed through exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s in a sample of 251 relatives of critically ill patients. Results: The Chilean-Spanish version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventoryhad minimal semantic modifications and no items were deleted. A two factor solution explained the 31% of the total instrument variance. Reliability of the scale was good ( = 0.93), as were both factors ( = 0.87; = 0.93). Conclusion: The Chilean-Spanish version of theCritical Care Family Needs Inventory was found valid and reliable for understanding the needs of relatives of patients in acute care settings. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Implications for clinical practice • Health professionals need validated questionnaires in order to perform reliable evaluations of latent variables in the ICU. • The Chilean-Spanish version of the CCFNI possesses adequate psychometric properties for identifying the needs of the critical care relatives. • Knowing the needs of the ICU relatives is a unique opportunity for nurses to provide holistic care for both the patient and their Please cite this article in press as: Rojas Silva, N. , et al., The needs of t and psychometric properties of the Chilean-Spanish version of the Crit http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.iccn. 2017.07. 006 family. ∗ Corresponding author at: School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, E-mail address: nprojas@uc.cl (N. Rojas Silva). ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.iccn. 2017.07. 006 964-3397/© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. he relatives in the adult intensive care unit: Cultural adaptation ical Care Family Needs Inventory. Intensive Crit Care Nurs (2017), Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436 Santiago, Chile.
Bed rest in hospital for suspected impaired fetal growth.

BACKGROUND Bed rest in hospital or at home is widely advised for many complications of pregnancy. The increased clinical supervision needs to be balanced with the risk of thrombosis, the stress on the pregnant women, as well as the costs to families and health services. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of bed rest in hospital for women with suspected impaired fetal growth. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Date of last search: December 1999. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing a policy of bed rest in hospital with ambulatory management for women with suspected impaired fetal growth. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Trial quality was assessed. MAIN RESULTS One study involving 107 women was included. Allocation of treatment was by odd or even birth date. There were differences in baseline fetal weights and birth weights, but these were not statistically significant (mean estimated fetal weight deviation at enrolment was -21.7% for the bed rest group and -20.7% for the ambulatory group; mean estimated birth weight was -19.7% for the bed rest group and -20.6% for the ambulatory group). No differences were detected between bed rest and ambulatory management for fetal growth parameters (relative risk 0.43, 95% confidence interval: 0.15 to 1. 27) and neonatal outcomes. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS There is not enough evidence to evaluate the use of a bed rest in hospital policy for women with suspected impaired fetal growth.
Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma

BACKGROUND In acute asthma inhaled beta(2)-agonists are often administered by nebuliser to relieve bronchospasm, but some have argued that metered-dose inhalers with a holding chamber (spacer) can be equally effective. Nebulisers require a power source and need regular maintenance, and are more expensive in the community setting. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of holding chambers (spacers) compared to nebulisers for the delivery of beta(2)-agonists for acute asthma. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trial Register and reference lists of articles. We contacted the authors of studies to identify additional trials. Date of last search: February 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials in adults and children (from two years of age) with asthma, where spacer beta(2)-agonist delivery was compared with wet nebulisation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently applied study inclusion criteria (one review author for the first version of the review), extracted the data and assessed risks of bias. Missing data were obtained from the authors or estimated. Results are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). MAIN RESULTS This review includes a total of 1897 children and 729 adults in 39 trials. Thirty-three trials were conducted in the emergency room and equivalent community settings, and six trials were on inpatients with acute asthma (207 children and 28 adults). The method of delivery of beta(2)-agonist did not show a significant difference in hospital admission rates. In adults, the risk ratio (RR) of admission for spacer versus nebuliser was 0.94 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.43). The risk ratio for children was 0.71 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.08, moderate quality evidence). In children, length of stay in the emergency department was significantly shorter when the spacer was used. The mean duration in the emergency department for children given nebulised treatment was 103 minutes, and for children given treatment via spacers 33 minutes less (95% CI -43 to -24 minutes, moderate quality evidence). Length of stay in the emergency department for adults was similar for the two delivery methods. Peak flow and forced expiratory volume were also similar for the two delivery methods. Pulse rate was lower for spacer in children, mean difference -5% baseline (95% CI -8% to -2%, moderate quality evidence), as was the risk of developing tremor (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.95, moderate quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Nebuliser delivery produced outcomes that were not significantly better than metered-dose inhalers delivered by spacer in adults or children, in trials where treatments were repeated and titrated to the response of the participant. Spacers may have some advantages compared to nebulisers for children with acute asthma.
The Prevalence and Burden of Migraine and Severe Headache in the United States: Updated Statistics From Government Health Surveillance Studies

The US National Center for Health Statistics, which is part of the Centers for Disease Control, conducts ongoing public health surveillance activities. The US Armed Forces also maintains a comprehensive database of medical information. We aimed to identify the most current prevalence estimates of migraine and severe headache in the United States adult civilian and active duty service populations from these national government surveys, to assess stability of prevalence estimates over time, and to identify additional information pertinent to the burden and treatment of migraine and other severe headache conditions.