Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controlled Language and the Implementation of Machine Translation for Technical Documentation

We aim at carrying out an empirical study to clarify if texts checked with a controlled language (CL) checker are indeed more translatable than other texts which are not compliant with the CL rule set, evaluating thus the degree of success of the application of such a restricted language with regard to its machine oriented features. For such an evaluation we adapt the FEMTI-Framework (Hovy et al., 2002) to our needs and divide our evaluation in two parts: selection of resources for the evaluation of a CL, and evaluation of the CL. In this article only the findings and results of the first part are presented. In order to simulate a real context of work, we use the system MULTILINT, a sophisticated language checker developed by the Institut der Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Informationsforschung e.V. an der Universitat des Saarlandes (IAI). Furthermore, we use automatic translations made with a Machine Translation System.
On the Radiation Resistance of Planar Monopole Antennas

We present an analytical formula for the radiation resistance of planar short monopole antennas. The linear element of the antenna is placed parallel to a ground plane, extending beyond its edge. The approach, based on the solution for scattering of a plane wave impinging on a perfectly conducting half-plane, uses a combination of the reciprocity theorem, Fresnel integral approximation, and Poynting theorem to derive an analytical expression for the radiation resistance of such monopoles shorter than about lambda/10. The analytical results are in very good agreement with measurements and numerical simulation results carried out for a large and finite-size ground plane. It is found that the short planar monopole shows a radiation resistance that has a dominant term depending linearly-instead of quadratically-on the monopole height, thus providing relatively high values for quite short lengths. The same methodology is also applied to the case of a planar short dipole parallel to the half-plane's edge. However, a much lower radiation resistance is obtained in that case. The impact of these results on bent planar monopole designs is briefly discussed.
Mutual Information Neural Estimation

We argue that the estimation of mutual information between high dimensional continuous random variables can be achieved by gradient descent over neural networks. We present a Mutual Information Neural Estimator (MINE) that is linearly scalable in dimensionality as well as in sample size, trainable through back-prop, and strongly consistent. We present a handful of applications on which MINE can be used to minimize or maximize mutual information. We apply MINE to improve adversarially trained generative models. We also use MINE to implement Information Bottleneck, applying it to supervised classification; our results demonstrate substantial improvement in flexibility and performance in these settings.
Scaling laws for direct drive generators in wind turbines

Upscaling of wind turbines affects the individual components in the wind turbine. In order to assess the effects of upscaling on the direct drive generator used in wind turbines, the weight and size of the generator sub-components should be estimated. A method to estimate the weight is either by designing the generator analytically, or by using finite element method or by building the machine. These methods can be time consuming and complicated. The objective of this paper is to find the scaling laws for the weight of both electromagnetic and structural material used in direct drive generator specifically for wind turbine application. The scaling laws can be used to quickly estimate the weight of direct drive machine of any required size. The scaling laws for electromagnetic material and structural material are derived for various power levels and aspect ratios. Then the reference turbine Zephyros (now Harakosan) Z72 is used to find the generator weight of up to 20MW machine and different aspect ratio.
Postural control and sensory perception in patients with Parkinson's disease

Conclusions. This study suggests that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), even in the early stages, have decreased body limits of stability (LOS) and changes in the visual input impair their postural control. Objective. To assess the LOS and the postural responses after changes in visual input in a group of PD patients in stage 1 of the Hoehn and Yahr classification. Subjects and methods. Twenty PD patients in stage 1 and a group of 24 normal subjects as control were assessed in two tests: (1) the LOS and (2) measurement of the body center of pressure area (COP) 10 s before and after sudden change in visual flow velocity. We also investigated labeling of the COP trajectory in these two periods. The stimulation paradigm was a horizontal optokinetic stimulation (60°/s and suddenly stopped) using a virtual reality system. Results. LOS showed significant decrease in PD patients as compared with the control group (p<0.001, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon ranked test). The COP values increased significantly (p<0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test) after sudden changes in the visual flow velocity in relation to the control group. After the visual stop the PD patient showed a spatial ‘roaming’ approaching the limits of stability and therefore impairing the postural control.
Changes in the abundance of C3/C4 species of Inner Mongolia grassland: evidence from isotopic composition of soil and vegetation

Global warming, increasing CO2 concentration, and environmental disturbances affect grassland communities throughout the world. Here, we report on variations in the C3/C4 pattern of Inner Mongolian grassland derived from soil and vegetation. Soil samples from 149 sites covering an area of approximately 250 000 km2 within Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China were analyzed for the isotopic composition (δ13C) of soil organic carbon (SOC). The contrast in δ13C between C3 and C4 plants allowed for calculation of the C3/C4 ratio from δ13C of SOC with a two‐member mixing model, which accounted for influences of aridity and altitude on δ13C of the C3 end‐member and for changes in δ13C of atmospheric CO2. Maps were created geostatistically, and showed a substantially lower C4 abundance in soil than in recent vegetation (−10%). The difference between soil and vegetation varied regionally and was most pronounced within an E–W belt along 44°N and in a mountainous area, suggesting a spread of C4 plants toward northern latitudes (about 1°) and higher altitudes. The areas of high C4 abundance for present vegetation and SOC were well delineated by the isotherms of crossover temperature based on the climatic conditions of the respective time periods. Our study indicates that change in the patterns of C3/C4 composition in the Inner Mongolia grassland was mainly triggered by increasing temperature, which overrode the antagonistic effect of rising CO2 concentrations.
Estimation of post-mortem interval for a drowning case by using flies (Diptera) in Central-South China: Implications for forensic entomology

The area of forensic entomology has developed to become an increasingly important aspect of forensic science. Insect larvae and adult insects found on human corpses can provide crucial information for the post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation. In July 2010, a decomposing female corpse was found in Xiangjiang River of Changsha section. The main larvae found on the corpse were identified to be Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy) by morphologic observation and were then confirmed by mitochondrial DNA sequence. Based on the experimentally obtained entomological evidence, PMI of the female was concluded between 90 and 120 hours. However, eyewitness reports finally confirmed that the elapsed time since death were 128 hours. This case indicates that PMI estimation in terms of the period of insect activity (PIA) is very complicated and concern many factors such as insect species characteristics, weather and seasonality, geographic region. The interaction between forensic entomologists and pathologists in death cases where insects are associated with remains should be encouraged. Key W ords: forensic science, forensic entomology, post-mortem interval, Boettcherisca peregrina, drowning, mitochondrial DNA.
Validating a dynamic population microsimulation model: Recent experience in Australia

Available published research on microsimulation tends to focus on the results of policy simulations rather than upon validation of the models and their outputs. Dynamic population microsimulation models, which age an entire population through time for some decades, create particular validation challenges. This article outlines some of the issues that arise when attempting to validate dynamic population models, including changing behaviour, the need to align results with other aggregate "official" projections, data quality and useability. Drawing on recent experience with the construction of the new Australian Population and Policy Simulation Model (APPSIM), the article discusses the techniques being used to validate this new dynamic population microsimulation model. Across much of the industrialised world, microsimulation models have become indispensable tools to policy makers. The modern welfare state today typically consists of a plethora of overlapping tax and outlay programs designed to meet multiple social policy objectives - including income redistribution and ensuring that most citizens enjoy an adequate standard of living and have reasonable access to such social services as health and education. These objectives are met through a very wide range of policy instruments, including both means-tested and universal cash transfers or service provision; means-tested and/or categorical eligibility for various tax concessions; and publicly-mandated insurance schemes or payments to be made by employers, employees or individuals. In an environment of such complexity, it is not surprising that policy makers attempt to reduce some of the risk associated with unintended or unexpected outcomes from policy change by using microsimulation models. Microsimulation is a technique used to model complex real life events by simulating the actions and/or impact of policy change on the individual units (micro units) that make up the system where the events occur. Microsimulation is a valuable policy tool used by decision makers to analyse the detailed distributional and aggregate effects of both existing and proposed social and
The nature of the unresolved extragalactic cosmic soft X-ray background

In this paper we investigate the power spectrum of the unresolved 0.5-2 keV cosmic X-ray background (CXB) with deep Chandra 4-Msec (Ms) observations in the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). We measured a signal that, on scales >30 arcsec, is significantly higher than the shot noise and is increasing with angular scale. We interpreted this signal as the joint contribution of clustered undetected sources like active galactic nuclei (AGN), galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM). The power of unresolved cosmic source fluctuations accounts for approximately 12 per cent of the 0.5-2 keV extragalactic CXB. Overall, our modelling predicts that approximately 20 per cent of the unresolved CXB flux is produced by low-luminosity AGN, approximately 25 per cent by galaxies and approximately 55 per cent by the IGM. We do not find any direct evidence of the so-called 'warm hot intergalactic medium' (i.e. matter with 10(exp 5) less than T less than 10(exp 7) K and density contrast delta less than 1000), but we estimated that it could produce about 1/7 of the unresolved CXB. We placed an upper limit on the space density of postulated X-ray-emitting early black holes at z greater than 7.5 and compared it with supermassive black hole evolution models.
General thermal force model with experimental studies

Thermal force has proven to be a useful concept for managing the package-level thermal placement problem. However, the previous thermal force model is based on insulated edge boundary condition; thus it is only suitable to face-cooled packages. A general thermal force model is proposed to extend the applicability of the thermal force to cover general cooling conditions by introducing the concept of the heat transparency of a boundary /spl tau/. By managing /spl tau/, the present method generates a series of thermal-force-equilibrium placements fitting to situations from face-cooled to edge-cooled packages. Experimental results indicate that for generating the reliability-best placements, the best /spl tau/'s are in the range 0 /spl les/ /spl tau/ /spl les/ 0.05 for face-cooled packages and in the range 0.1 /spl les/ /spl tau/ /spl les/ 0.25 for the volumetric-cooled packages. For edge-cooled packages, the best /spl tau/'s are the largest values of /spl tau/ that can achieve convergent thermal-force-equilibrium placements.
To what extent sentiment analysis of Twitter is able to forecast electoral results ? Evidence from France , Italy and the United States

The growing diffusion of social media raises the possibility to delve into the web to explore and track the political preferences of citizens. Monitoring social media during an electoral campaign can become therefore a useful complement of traditional off-line polls. Some scholars, however, go even further than that, claiming that by analyzing social media we can produce a reliable forecast of the final result. Relying on a proper methodology for sentiment analysis remains a crucial issue in this respect. In this work, we apply the recent supervised method proposed by Hopkins and King (2010) to analyze the voting intention of Twitter-users in three different contexts: France (for the 2012 Legislative election, first round), Italy (for the two-rounds of the centre-left 2012 primaries) and the United States (for the 2012 Presidential election). Our analysis shows a remarkable ability of Twitter to forecast electoral results, in some cases improving on mass surveys results. On the contrary, more “naïve” analyses of social media provide results less satisfactory than ours.
Eight-cluster structure of chloroplast genomes differs from similar one observed for bacteria.

Previously, a seven-cluster pattern claiming to be a universal one in bacterial genomes has been reported. Keeping in mind the most popular theory of chloroplast origin, we checked whether a similar pattern is observed in chloroplast genomes. Surprisingly, eight cluster structure has been found, for chloroplasts. The pattern observed for chloroplasts differs rather significantly, from bacterial one, and from that latter observed for cyanobacteria. The structure is provided by clustering of the fragments of equal length isolated within a genome so that each fragment is converted in triplet frequency dictionary with non-overlapping triplets with no gaps in frame tiling. The points in 63-dimensional space were clustered due to elastic map technique. The eight cluster found in chloroplasts comprises the fragments of a genome bearing tRNA genes and exhibiting excessively high $\mathsf{GC}$-content, in comparison to the entire genome.
Silicon Nanotweezers With Subnanometer Resolution for the Micromanipulation of Biomolecules

We describe electrostatically actuated silicon nanotweezers which are intended for the manipulation and characterization of filamentary molecules. The microelectromechanical system consists of a pair of opposing tips whose distance can be accurately adjusted by means of an integrated differential capacitive sensor. The fabrication process is based on silicon-on-insulator technology and combines KOH wet anisotropic etching and deep reactive ion etching of silicon to form sharp nanotips and high aspect ratio microstructures, respectively. In the designed prototype, the initial gap between the tips was around 20 mum. The device showed a maximum displacement of about 2.5 mum, and we could achieve a resolution better than 0.2 nm (in static mode). We measured a resonant frequency of 2.5 kHz and a quality factor (Q factor) of 50 in air. The instrument was used to perform static and dynamic mechanical manipulations on DNA molecules, and we could distinctly observe the viscoelastic behavior of DNA bundles from these experiments.
Anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids from Comfort-G and the changes in arachidonic acid metabolism

SUMMARY Objective: Flavonoids from preparation Comfort-G have, beside of antioxidant effects, the anti-inflammatory effect, too. Comfort-G inhibits both COX-1 (cyclooxygenase-1)/COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) enzymatic activity thereby decreasing the transformation of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Our goal was to confirm this finding by the analysis of the content of AA in synovial fluid and serum of patients suffering by synovialitis of knee joint. Design: Interventional study. Settings: IV Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital in Prague. Material and Methods: Comfort-G was given to the group of ten patients (4M/6F) aged 27–79 years in prescribed dose (equal to 250 mg of flavonoid extract twice a day) for one month. Synovial fluid and serum were drawn before first application of the preparation (day 0) and one day after the last application (day 31). Free radicals (FR) were determined by direct spectrophotometric method based on chlorophyllin reaction with FR; composition of fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, was measured by gas chromatography. The probands were also asked to respond to a questionnaire (subjective evaluation) and they were also examined by the physician. Following changes of knee joint were evaluated: swelling and degree of motion-angle. Statistical analysis was performed with the help of software STATISTICA for Windows, version 4.0. Results: The results showing the statistically significant decrease of free radical concentration in both synovial fluid and serum were presented and discussed in previously presented paper as well as the observed amelioration of patient stage. After the trial period, we found increased content of AA in both synovial fluid (4.54 ± 0.39 vs. 6.73 ± 0.82 mol%, p = 0.005) and serum (4.78 ± 0.90 vs. 6.57 ± 0.98 mol%, p = 0.01) in the same group of patients. Conclusion: Our results confirm that flavonoids from Comfort-G are able to decrease the amount of FR and increase the concentration of AA especially in synovial fluid, but also in serum of patients. This finding corresponds with the suggestion that the enzymatic transformations of AA resulting in production of pro-inflammatory compounds are blocked. The next consequences concerning other parts of organism and impact of our results in case of other diseases are discussed.
A Novel Dual-Band Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications

In this letter, a novel dual-band antenna covering 2.4/5.8 GHz Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) bands is presented. At the lower band, a circular monopolar patch antenna with four symmetric slots is designed for omnidirectional radiation. At the upper band, a U-slot square patch antenna is designed for broadside radiation. By assembling the two antennas and feeding them with a common coaxial probe, the two resonant modes are preserved and the upper frequency bandwidth is broadened. A prototype is fabricated and measured. Measured bandwidths of 115 and 928 MHz and gains of 1.37 and 4.37 dBi are obtained at 2.45- and 5.8-GHz bands, respectively. The measured results agree well with the simulation, indicating that the proposed design is suitable for diverse wireless communication applications.
Predictors of infant positive, negative and self-direct coping during face to face still-face in a Portuguese preterm sample

Past studies found three types of infant coping behaviour during Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm (FFSF): a Positive Other-Directed Coping; a Negative Other-Directed Coping and a Self-Directed Coping. In the present study, we investigated whether those types of coping styles are predicted by: infants’ physiological responses; maternal representations of their infant’s temperament; maternal interactive behaviour in free play; and infant birth and medical status. The sample consisted of 46, healthy, prematurely born infants and their mothers. At one month, infant heart rate was collected in basal. At three months old (corrected age), infant heart-rate was registered during FFSF episodes. Mothers described their infants’ temperament using a validated Portuguese temperament scale, at infants three months of corrected age. As well, maternal interactive behaviour was evaluated during a free play situation using CARE-Index. Our findings indicate that positive coping behaviours were correlated with gestational birth weight, heart rate (HR), gestational age, and maternal sensitivity in free play. Gestational age and maternal sensitivity predicted Positive Other-Direct Coping behaviours. Moreover, Positive Other-Direct coping was negatively correlated with HR during Still-Face Episode. Self-directed behaviours were correlated with HR during Still-Face Episode and Recover Episode and with maternal controlling/intrusive behaviour. However, only maternal behaviour predicted Self-direct coping. Early social responses seem to be affected by infants’ birth status and by maternal interactive behaviour. Therefore, internal and external factors together contribute to infant ability to cope and to re-engage after stressful social events. Palavras-chave: Infant coping, Infant physiology, Maternal behaviour. In a 3-months healthy prematurely born sample, Fuertes, Lopes dos Santos, Beeghly and Tronick (2006, 2009) found different types of infant coping behaviour during Tronick’s Face to Face Still-Face Paradigm (FFSF; Tronick, Als, Adamson, Wise, & Brazelton, 1978): a Positive Other-Directed Coping that reflects the infants’ tendency to elicit social interaction and exhibit positive affect during the FFSF; a Negative Other-Directed Coping that reflects the infants’ tendency to exhibit negative affect and distancing behaviour during the FFSF; and a Self-Directed Coping that reflects the infant’s tendency to engage in self-directed coping behaviours during the FFSF. Further studies with full term babies found the same three types of coping behaviour.
In-situ bioremediation for treatment of sewage flowing in natural drains

The study is aimed to treat sewage flowing in open drains by application of especially developed microbial consortium - a bioremediation method. The objective of the study is that sewage may be stabilized in drains thereby giving relief to the citizens from exposure of obnoxious harmful gases and unhygienic situations which prevail in the vicinity of open drains, and to reduce concentration of water polluting parameters like biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids including odour control. The study has been carried out at Indore in Khajarana-RR-A.B. road drain in a stretch of 9.55 km as a model project using probiotics consortium without changing the basic structure of the drain or flow pattern, with a stress on economic-viability by adopting non- mechanized/ non-electrical processes so that unskilled staff could carry out the treatment process. A critical examination of Data for 12 months has shown reductions in odour of more than 98%, BOD of 75 to 80%, and COD of 70% under natural conditions.