Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute exercise adjustments of cardiovascular autonomic control in diabetic rats

Introduction: We evaluated the role of cardiovascular autonomic changes in hemodynamics at rest and in response to exercise in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into nondiabetic (ND, n = 8) and diabetic (D, n = 8) groups. Arterial pressure signals were recorded in the basal state and after atropine or propranolol injections at rest, during exercise and during recovery. Results: At rest, vagal tonus was reduced in D (37 ± 3 bpm) in comparison with the ND group (61 ± 9 bpm). Heart rate during exercise was lower in D in relation to ND rats associated with reduced vagal withdrawal in the D group. The D rats had an increase in vagal tonus in the recovery period (49 ± 6 bpm). Conclusions: Exercise‐induced hemodynamic adjustment impairment in diabetic rats was associated with reduced cardiac vagal control. The vagal dysfunction was attenuated after aerobic exercise, reinforcing the positive role of this approach in the management of cardiovascular risk in diabetics. Muscle Nerve 46: 96–101, 2012
A physics-based simple series resistance extraction methodology

Series resistance has become a serious obstacle encountered in the development of advanced CMOS devices. At the same time, series resistance quantification in these same advanced CMOS devices is a difficult challenge. In this study, we demonstrate a very simple series resistance extraction procedure which is derived from the ratio of two linear ID-VG measurements on a single device. The physics of this method is intuitively simple and the assumptions readily justifiable. The validity of this technique has been verified by a self-consistent methodology as well as the reproduction of a known external series resistance.
Psychologists' Views of a Patient's Religiousness

500 psychologists were mailed clinical vignettes and a questionnaire regarding a prospective patient seeking to adopt a child. The vignettes were equivalent except for a paragraph stating the patient's religious beliefs. Analysis showed that neither statements of religiousness nor stability of belief was shown to influence the clinicians' judgements on whether adoption should occur, the probability that they would recommend therapy, or estimate of the patient's adaptive functioning. Psychologists with 13 to 19 years of experience were more likely to recommend therapy than more or less experienced groups, although this finding was not related to religiousness.
Metastatic pancreatic cancer: emerging strategies in chemotherapy and palliative care.

This update is devoted to discussion of optimal supportive and palliative care of patients with pancreatic cancer. Approximately 33,000 new cases of pancreatic cancer are predicted for the U.S. in 2002. Because diagnosis and intervention occur late in the course of this disease, the vast majority of patients already have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. These tumors are relatively resistant to systemic chemotherapy, making pancreatic cancer the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.S. and the Western world. For these reasons, efforts at identifying and treating disease-related symptomatology are priorities. This update overviews symptom management, supportive care strategies, and both standard and emerging palliative chemotherapy options. The incorporation of molecularly targeted therapies into treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer is reviewed as well. These strategies are of relevance to internists, gastroenterologists, oncologists, and other specialists who care for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Cadmium in plants

-. -. Gl Introduction. - ---. -. - ------. 1 Experiments in cadmium absorption by plants. 2 Cadmium concentrations in plants. -. ---. -----------. ---------. -----. --. ---3 Standard plant samples . 3 Environments that have common levels of cadmium 4 Environments that have uncommonly high levels of cadmium 8 Naturally occurring cadmium concentrations-. ------. -----. -----. ---. 8 Cadmium from vehicular, industrial, and urban pollution 10 Airborne cadmium measured by analysis of Spanish moss. -. --,-. -. 16 Discussion and summary . 22 Conclusions. -. -. -24 References cited. -- ----. --. -. -- -. 25
Health Expectancies in Japan: Gender Differences and Policy Implications for Women

SUMMARY Based on prospective observation of elderly people in the community in Japan, we compared the time-course of development and progression of physical disability between women and men. Men experienced disability at a younger age and at a faster rate than did women. The duration of time spent with disability in women was twice as long as in men. Consequently, women consume about two-thirds of the total resources of formal caregiving services in Japan. Women in Japan are increasingly educated, postponing marriage to higher ages, and less likely to care for parents in the home. Given these changes in family structure and social norms, the capacity for informal family caregiving has decreased dramatically. A recently enacted national long-term care insurance system may further change the picture of caregiving.
Age-specific changes in the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells grown as solid tumors.

Reasons for a deceleration of the growth rate with increasing age of the solid tumors obtained with s.c. transplantation of 107 cells form Ehrlich ascites tumors in the same strain mice were investigated with the aid of thymidine-3H labeling and radioautography. While the doubling time of the tumor mass, exclusive of necrotic tissue, changed from 82 hr at 6 days to 204 hr at 14 days and to 492 hr at 26 days, the median duration of the tumor-cell cycle (measured from temporal changes in the percentage of labeled mitoses after a single injection of thymidine-3H) showed only a small change (from 16.4 to 17.8 and 18.3 hr, respectively). The fraction of proliferating cells, measured as the ratio of the observed fraction synthesizing DNA to the expected fraction in DNA synthesis if all the cells were in cycle, declined from a value of 0.44 at 6 days to 0.37 at 14 days and 0.32 at 26 days. The rate of cell death in the viable portion of the tumor, measured as the discrepancy between the production rate and the growth rate, remained close to 1.4%/hr at all the ages. However, the cell death factor (δ, the ratio of the extent of cell death to that of cell production) showed a remarkable increase. Overall growth rate of the tumor was faster than that of the viable portion because of a decline in the rate of removal of necrotic tissue. The latter, measured as the discrepancy between the rate of inflow of dead cells into the necrotic compartment and the growth rate of this compartment, changed from 0.68%/hr at 6 days to 0.50%/hr at 14 days and 0.42%/hr at 26 days. However, the overall rate of cell removal, expressed as a percentage of the whole tumor, remained unchanged (approximately 0.3%/hr), although the cell loss factor (φ, the ratio of the extent of cell loss to that of cell production) showed a progressive increase. Cell disposal factor (ψ, the ratio of the extent of cell removal to that of cell death) increased with time but never reached 100% value, thus indicating a continued growth of necrotic tissue. Within an individual solid tumor, zones of high growth fraction were often associated with proximity to capillaries. Present findings in the solid tumor contrast to those in the ascites from, where a growth retardation results primarily from a rapid prolongation of the cell cycle time, and to a lesser extent from a moderate decline in the proliferating fraction and a slow increase in the rate of cell loss.
Life Cycle of Hepatozoon canis in the Tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus

The genus Hepatozoon includes hundreds of species that infect birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals, in all continents with tropical and subtropical climates. Two species have been described in domestic dogs: H. canis, reported in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and the United States; and H. americanum, which so far has only been diagnosed in the United States. In Brazil, the only species found infecting dogs is H. canis. The objective of this review was to detail some aspects of canine hepatozoonosis, caused by H. canis, and the main points of its biology, transmission, pathogenicity, symptoms, epidemiology and diagnostic methods, with emphasis on research developed in Brazil.
Hormone use and patient concerns after the findings of the Women's Health Initiative

Objective:To assess behaviors and concerns related to hormone therapy after the findings of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Design:A survey was mailed to a random sample of 1,200 women identified through the pharmacy database as taking one of two estrogen + progestogen therapies (EPT) during the 6-month period before the publication of WHI findings. Questions included hormone use history, changes in usage, an assessment of symptoms, symptom changes, health behavior changes, use of alternative therapies, and demographics. Results:The response rate was 70%, with women in their 60s and those receiving hormone therapy for 5 or more years were more likely to respond (P < 0.05). The majority had started hormones for symptom relief (69%) and expected to continue use. Many reported discontinuation (63%) or modifying their medication (18%). Half of these women stopped then restarted, the other half changed products. Women in their 50s were more likely to remain on hormones than older women (P < 0.01), and those taking ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone acetate were more likely to remain on their medication than those on conjugated estrogens (43% vs 29%, P < 0.01). Little change was reported in exercise and 19% increased their calcium intake. Patient concerns fell into five major categories: long-term effects, symptom control, breast cancer risk, bone health, and cognitive function. Conclusions:Women seem to be heeding the warnings about hormones but remain concerned about the potential long-term sequelae and symptom control. More research is needed to identify safer approaches to symptom relief and to address the concerns expressed.
The Stromal Overexpression of Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF/CD55) Correlates with Poor Clinical Outcome in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Background: Decay accelerating factor (DAF/CD55), regulates the complement system by accelerating decay of the C3 convertase, has been described in several malignancies, however, the clinicopathologic significance of CD55 and its receptor CD97 has not been fully investigated. We examined the expression patterns of both CD55 and CD97 and their association with clinicopathologic parameters in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Methods: Expression patterns of CD55 and CD97 in the stroma and tumor cells at tumor center and invasive front were examined in 130 CRCs, and their significance was statistically evaluated. Results: CD55-high stroma was correlated with tumor border (p= 0.006) and invasion depth (p= 0.013). CD55-high tumor cells at tumor center and invasive front were correlated with histologic grade, and CD55-high tumor cells at invasive front with tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) stage (p < 0.05). CD97-high stroma was correlated with lymph node metastasis (p= 0.016) and TNM stage (p= 0.030). CD97-high tumor cells at tumor center and invasive front were correlated with tumor size and CD97-high tumor cells at tumor center with tumor border (p< 0.05). Patients with CD55-high stroma showed poor overall and recurrence-free survival (p< 0.05) in univariate analysis, and were independently associated with short recurrence-free survival (p= 0.025) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Stromal CD55 overexpression would be an indicator of adverse clinical outcome and a useful prognostic factor.
The chronology and sequence of eruption of human permanent teeth in Northern Ireland.

OBJECTIVES To ascertain the average and range of ages and sequence of eruption of human permanent teeth, taking into account the effect of premature loss of primary antecedents. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING Caucasian subjects in Northern Ireland. SAMPLE AND METHODS Study casts at 6-monthly intervals from age 5 to 15 years of 276 children (146 males and 130 females) enrolled in the Belfast Growth Study. The mean and range of ages of eruption of each individual tooth were computed. Comparisons were made between the mean ages of eruption with and without premature loss of primary antecedents, between upper and lower arches, between right and left sides and between males and females. The sequence of eruption was also investigated. RESULTS The means and ranges of eruption ages are reported. Premature loss of primary antecedents delayed eruption of permanent successors except for the upper premolars which were accelerated. The differences relating to the upper first premolar and lower canine were not statistically significant. Each lower tooth erupted before its upper counterpart except for the premolars. There was no significant difference in age of eruption between right and left sides. Females tended to erupt teeth before males with the exception of the second molars in both arches; however, the only differences to reach statistical significance related to upper and lower canines and upper lateral incisors. The most frequent orders of eruption were unique to the subject. These occurred in 22% of upper and 33% of lower arches. The classic sequences: first molar-central incisor-lateral incisor-first premolar-canine-second premolar-second molar (M1-I1-I2-PM1-C-PM2-M2) in the upper arch and I1-M1-I2-C-PM1-PM2-M2 in the lower arch occurred in only 16% of upper arches and 13% of lower arches. Males adhered to the textbook sequence (20% upper, 17% lower) more than females (12% upper, 8% lower). In the upper arch of females, the order M1-I1-I2-PM1-PM2-C-M2 in 10% of subjects was almost as frequent as the classic sequence. CONCLUSION The ages, ranges and orders of eruption found in this study are more reliable than many which are frequently quoted on account of its longitudinal nature and the fact that the effect of premature loss of primary antecedents is taken into account. The exclusively Caucasian sample makes the data quite precise but limits applicability to patients of this ethnic origin.
Fungal septicemia in patients receiving parenteral hyperalimentation.

Abstract Thirty-three patients with fungal septicemia at the University of Minnesota Hospital were seen during an 18-month period, January, 1968, through August, 1969. Twenty-two of these 33 patients (67 per cent) had received parenteral hyperalimentation for severe gastrointestinal dysfunction. Fungal septicemia was not related to steroid therapy or immunologic deficiency i te patiets receiing hyperalimentation. However, a correlation with prolonged intravenous catheterization was found. More recently, during a prospective study of all patients receiving parenteral hyperalimentation, septicemia complicated the course of therapy in 13 of 49. In eight of these patients, Candida albicans was the causative microbial species.
Bilateral Neuroretinitis in Cat Scratch Disease with Exudative, Obliterative Vasculitis in the Optic Disc

Abstract A 29-year-old fisherman exhibited optic disc oedema and peripapillary retinal detachment in the right eye, whereas in the left eye, optic atrophy and intraretinal exudates were already observed on first examination. About 6 months earlier, he noticed blurred vision of the left eye but took no medication. Visual acuity was 0.4 OD and 0.01 OS. Perimetry showed a large lower-half field defect with sparing 10° central field in the right eye and a large central scotoma in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography showed existence of arteriole or capillary nonperfusion and hyperpermeability of surrounding capillaries. Since serological examinations showed positive Bartonella immunoglobulin G (IgG) and other causes of neuroretinitis (NR) were excluded, NR in the present case was caused by cat scratch disease (CSD). Optic atrophy appeared 2 weeks after onset. Optical coherence tomography 13 weeks after onset revealed severe loss of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) superior and nasal to the optic disc in both eyes and temporal in the left eye. Visual acuity of the right eye improved to 1.2 by the treatment, whereas visual field defects were persistent. CSD-NR in the present case developed abrupt appearance of optic atrophy with severe RNFL loss in the right eye, which was elicited by exudative, obliterative vasculitis in the superficial layer of the optic disc.
Applying the wisdom of stepping down inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COPD: a proposed algorithm for clinical practice

Current guidelines for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recommend limiting the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to patients with more severe disease and/or increased exacerbation risk. However, there are discrepancies between guidelines and real-life practice, as ICS are being overprescribed. In light of the increasing concerns about the clinical benefit and long-term risks associated with ICS use, therapy needs to be carefully weighed on a case-by-case basis, including in patients already on ICS. Several studies sought out to determine the effects of withdrawing ICS in patients with COPD. Early studies have deterred clinicians from reducing ICS in patients with COPD as they reported that an abrupt withdrawal of ICS precipitates exacerbations, and results in a deterioration in lung function and symptoms. However, these studies were fraught with numerous methodological limitations. Recently, two randomized controlled trials and a real-life prospective study revealed that ICS can be safely withdrawn in certain patients. Of these, the WISDOM (Withdrawal of Inhaled Steroids During Optimized Bronchodilator Management) trial was the largest and first to examine stepwise withdrawal of ICS in patients with COPD receiving maintenance therapy of long-acting bronchodilators (ie, tiotropium and salmeterol). Even with therapy being in line with the current guidelines, the findings of the WISDOM trial indicate that not all patients benefit from including ICS in their treatment regimen. Indeed, only certain COPD phenotypes seem to benefit from ICS therapy, and validated markers that predict ICS response are urgently warranted in clinical practice. Furthermore, we are now better equipped with a larger armamentarium of novel and more effective long-acting β2-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist combinations that can be considered by clinicians to optimize bronchodilation and allow for safer ICS withdrawal. In addition to providing a review of the aforementioned, this perspective article proposes an algorithm for the stepwise withdrawal of ICS in real-life clinical practice.
Potential changes in the isolated brain stem of the goldfish

SINCE the original observations of Caton [1875] various workers have recorded changes of electrical potential in the brain. It has been established that active parts become negative to inactive, but it is difficult to say what elements of the central nervous system are responsible for the effect. The action potentials of the nerve fibres will presumably contribute something, though Baglioni's experiments with strychnine [1905] favoured the nerve cells as the most important factor. The structures involved are so complex, however, that in recent years very little has been added to our knowledge of the central nervous system by the investigation of its potential changes'. The present experiments fall into line with earlier work in showing changes which can be localized and related to the normal activity of the brain, and the same difficulty arises when we attempt a further analysis. But a tentative analysis is possible and its results are of some interest. They suggest a type of electrical activity which differs from that of the nerve fibre in its much more gradual rise and decline, and this agrees with what we might expect from entirely different lines of work on the central nervous sytem. METHOD. The preparation employed was the isolated brain stem of the goldfish removed from the skull and placed on a glass slide. Complete isolation may seem an unnecessary precaution, and the damage occurring through manipulation and from loss of the circulation must have accounted for many failures to observe any sort of activity. But in making a preliminary survey we were anxious to avoid all extraneous electric changes such as those due to the heart and the skeletal muscles. With a sensitive
The impact of sex education on sexual activity, contraceptive use and premarital pregnancy among American teenagers.

Sixty percent of women and 52 percent of men now in their 20s took a sex education course by age 19, according to the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Work Experience of Youth. Whites are more likely than either blacks or Hispanics to have had a course by that age--57 percent compared with 53 percent and 48 percent, respectively. The survey also shows that large proportions of teenagers initiate coitus before they have taken a sex education course. Among young women who first have sex at age 15, for example, only 48 percent have already taken a course (i.e., have taken it at a younger age or at the same age); and among young women who first have intercourse at age 18, the proportion is 61 percent. Young men are even less likely than young women to take a course before they begin coitus--at age 15, the figure is 26 percent, and at age 18, 52 percent. Adolescent women who have previously taken a sex education course are somewhat more likely than those who have not to initiate sexual activity at ages 15 and 16 (though they are no more likely to do so at ages 17 and 18). However, the effect of prior sex education is small, and is weaker than that of virtually every other variable found to have a significant relationship with first intercourse at ages 15-16. Among the strongest determinants of first coitus at those ages are infrequent church attendance, parental education of fewer than 12 years and black race. Older sexually active girls who have previously had a course are significantly more likely to use an effective contraceptive method (73 percent) than are those who have never taken a course (64 percent). This relationship may offset any effect that a sex education course may have in raising the likelihood of early first coitus, since no significant association can be found between taking a sex education course and subsequently becoming premaritally pregnant before age 20.
Sexuality and sexual health among female youth with borderline personality disorder pathology

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder that is characterized by unstable relationships, impulsive behaviours and identity disturbance. BPD usually has its onset between puberty and young adulthood and presents disproportionately among females in clinical settings. Taken together, this makes young women with BPD a particularly vulnerable group with regard to healthy psychosexual development. It was hypothesized that female youth with BPD pathology would be more likely to score worse on measures of sexual health and safety, and to show greater uncertainty in sexual identity formation.