Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
5‐HT stimulates eEF2 dephosphorylation in a rapamycin‐sensitive manner in Aplysia neurites

In Aplysia, serotonin mediates behavioral sensitization by increasing the strength of the synapse between sensory and motor neurons, a process known as facilitation. The retention of long‐term facilitation is blocked by rapamycin, an inhibitor of a specific translational pathway. One possible rapamycin‐sensitive target is the increased translation of 5′‐terminal oligopyrimidine mRNAs. These transcripts encode components of the translational machinery and have been proposed to be important for retention of long‐term facilitation. We have cloned the 5′‐terminal oligopyrimidine mRNA encoding eukaryotic elongation factor 2 and shown that serotonin increased its translation in synaptosomes. Another possible rapamycin‐sensitive target is the inactivation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase phosphorylates and inactivates eukaryotic elongation factor 2, blocking translational elongation. Serotonin application decreased eukaryotic elongation factor 2 phosphorylation in synaptosomes and in isolated neurites, and this was blocked by rapamycin. We propose a role for the rapamycin‐sensitive pathway in neurons. Stimulation blocks translation by inducing calcium entry and phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2. This block is reversed through activation of the rapamycin‐sensitive system and dephosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2.
A comparison of the efficacy and ease of use of dental floss and interproximal brushes in a randomised split mouth trial incorporating an assessment of subgingival plaque.

PURPOSE Previous studies have compared the use of interdental brushes and dental floss. However, none have attempted to compare their effects on subgingival plaque. Nor have smokers been excluded from previous studies, where they may have affected the assessment of gingival inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study compared, in untreated patients suffering from mild to moderate periodontitis, the efficacy of dental floss (DF) and interdental brushes (IDB) in the reduction of plaque, gingival inflammation and probing depth in a one-month period prior to subgingival debridement. Ten patients used DF for one side of the dentition and IDB for the other side for one month. Oral hygiene instruction was given at baseline. Measurements were made at baseline and at one month. RESULTS With IDB, the mean approximal plaque score reduced supragingivally from 14.5 to 5.7 at one month, and with DF, from 12.9 to 5.3; subgingivally the score reduced from 17.3 to 6.7, and 16.7 to 8.1 respectively (p < 0.001). BOP and mean probing depth reduced over time for IDB sites, but not DF sites (p < 0.01). Overall there were no differences between the two devices. Patients preferred IDB because of its simpler method of use. CONCLUSIONS The use of IDB and DF resulted in similar beneficial effects on subgingival plaque and proximal gingival health.
Toward a streamlined projection of small device bias temperature instability lifetime distributions

As the CMOS device dimensions shrink to nanometer scale, the time-dependent VTH variability (heteroskedasticity) becomes evident due to the reduced number of stochastically behaving traps in the gate oxide. Consequently, the bias temperature instability (BTI) lifetime of nanometer-sized devices can only be correctly described in the form of time- (or workload-) dependent distributions. This paper discusses a streamlined procedure to obtain BTI lifetime projections for nanometer-scaled devices from the combination of measurements of a small sample set of nanoscaled devices and several large area test devices.
Monsoon convection in the Himalayan region as seen by the TRMM Precipitation Radar

Three‐dimensional structure of summer monsoon convection in the Himalayan region and its overall variability are examined by analyzing data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar over the June–September seasons of 2002 and 2003. Statistics are compiled for both convective and stratiform components of the observed radar echoes.
African American Parents’ HPV Vaccination Intent and Concerns

This study describes attitudes and social and environmental factors that affect African American parents’ intent to vaccinate their daughters against human papillomavirus (HPV). Thirty African American parents of daughters aged nine to 17 years and no history of HPV infection completed semi-structured interviews. Interviews addressed factors that influenced intent to vaccinate, perception of community norms related to vaccination, vaccination scenarios involving place of vaccination, and vaccination prior to or after the child’s initiation of sexual activity. A recurring theme was the influence of physician recommendation on African American parents’ intent to obtain HPV vaccination for their daughters. Most parents reported that they could overcome barriers to vaccination, except vaccine costs and lack of insurance. While religious beliefs were important to parents, they reported that they would not interfere with vaccination decisions; fears of early sexuality due to vaccination were limited. The implications of these findings are discussed.
THE BIG THREE DETERMINANTS OF PERFORMANCE : GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY , PERSONALITY , AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES Managerial Performance

Managerial effectiveness and success is vital for any organization. Competitive organizations are often those, which are led by decision makers who are highly effective in every managerial activity, be it decision making, handling interpersonal relationships, or adapting to changing business environments. Any tool, which would help in predicting workplace success, is thus highly valued in the field of management development. In this context, the concept of Emotional Intelligence (EI) becomes highly significant. Cognitive intelligence is intuitively considered a valid predictor of occupational success and several decades of psychological assessment research have vindicated the importance of taking social competencies and personality differences into consideration when attempting to predict high performance. Recently however, several claims have appeared in popular literature and in the media about the significant role of EI in the workplace. EI has been claimed to predict a variety of successful behaviors at work, at a level exceeding that of intelligence (Zeidner, Mathews, & Roberts 2004). Critics of EI however, point out a lack of empirical evidence to back these claims and often dismiss it as a construct, which is just a conglomerate of desirable traits. In spite of these criticisms, much of the current interest focusing on EI in organizational settings stems from a desire to explain differential attainment of occupational success, which is not adequately accounted for by cognitive intelligence or personality. In view of this, the present study aims at exploring the impact of EI in predicting managerial success, over and above that predicted by General MentalAbility (GMA) and personality traits.
Influence of immunotherapeutic agents on the progression of spontaneously arising, metastasizing rat mammary adenocarcinomas of varying immunogenicities.

One hundred ninety-six Nottingham Wistar (Not-W) rats were inoculated in the mammary pad tissue with tumor cells from one of three spontaneously arising rat mammary adenocarcinomas of discrete immunogenicities. Animals were treated with multiple intratumoral or i.v. injections of either Corynebacterium parvum suspension (CP) or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG). Animals inoculated with cells from the most immunogenic tumor line were with a spectrum of immunotherapeutic responses. The most significant results were found in animals treated with multiple intratumoral injections of CP. In this group all of the primary tumors regressed, and regional lymph nodes were protected from the formation of gross metastases. Intratumoral BCG was found to be effective only against primary tumor growth. Either agent regressed appropriately sized regional lymph node metastases if injected directly into the metastatic tumor. Early initiated i.v. CP or BCG significantly reduced the incidence of regional lymph node metastases when excision of primary tumors was performed prior to the termination of immunotherapy. However, late i.v. immunotherapy, begun when regional lymph nodes were already palpable, did not alter the incidence of regional lymph node metastases. Successfully treated animals were found to have over 1000-fold increased resistance to rechallenge with the most immunogenic tumor cells but not to cells from a less immunogenic tumor line. Finally, the identical immunotherapeutic regimens were ineffective in the control of tumor progression in animals bearing the less immunogenic tumors. It is concluded that CP and BCG are effective immunotherapeutic agents when utilized in early stages of disease against appropriate animal tumors.
Accelerated mapping of magnetic susceptibility using 3D planes‐on‐a‐paddlewheel (POP) EPI at ultra‐high field strength

With the advent of ultra‐high field MRI scanners in clinical research, susceptibility based MRI has recently gained increasing interest because of its potential to assess subtle tissue changes underlying neurological pathologies/disorders. Conventional, but rather slow, three‐dimensional (3D) spoiled gradient‐echo (GRE) sequences are typically employed to assess the susceptibility of tissue. 3D echo‐planar imaging (EPI) represents a fast alternative but generally comes with echo‐time restrictions, geometrical distortions and signal dropouts that can become severe at ultra‐high fields.
Optimal real-time distributed V2G and G2V management of electric vehicles

This paper exploits the analogy between the electrical grid and modern communication networks to implement Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charging scheduling algorithms inspired by popular communication network techniques. In preliminary works, a similar approach was used to manage the Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) active power flows. In this paper, we extend this framework to both implement the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept and to provide reactive power compensation capabilities that do not affect charging times. The ability of the proposed algorithms to optimally share the available/desired power in a fair way, with minimum communication requirements, in a very uncertain, dynamically changing framework, is illustrated through several examples for different scenarios of interest.
Prognostic value of PCT, copeptin, MR-proADM, MR-proANP and CT-proET-1 for severe acute dyspnea in the emergency department: the BIODINER study

Abstract Context: Acute dyspnea is a frequent complaint in patients attending the emergency department (ED). Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of PCT, MR-proANP, MR-proADM, copeptin and CT-proET1 for the risk-stratification of severe acute dyspnea patients presenting to the ED. Methods: Multicenter prospective study in adult patients with a chief complaint of acute dyspnea. Pro-hormone type biomarkers concentrations were measured on arrival. Combined primary endpoint was a poor outcome. Results: Three hundred and ninety-four patients were included, 137 (35%) met the primary endpoint. MR-proADM was the only biomarker associated with the primary endpoint (odds ratio 1.43 [95%CI: 1.13–1.82], p = 0.003) as were the presence of paradoxical abdominal breathing (odds ratio 2.48 [95%CI: 1.31–4.68]) or cyanosis (odds ratio 3.18 [1.46–6.89]) Conclusions: In patients with severe acute dyspnea in the ED, pro-hormone type biomarkers measurements have a low added value to clinical signs for the prediction of poor outcome.
Molecular Analysis of Arsenate-Reducing Bacteria within Cambodian Sediments following Amendment with Acetate

ABSTRACT The health of millions is threatened by the use of groundwater contaminated with sediment-derived arsenic for drinking water and irrigation purposes in Southeast Asia. The microbial reduction of sorbed As(V) to the potentially more mobile As(III) has been implicated in release of arsenic into groundwater, but to date there have been few studies of the microorganisms that can mediate this transformation in aquifers. With the use of stable isotope probing of nucleic acids, we present evidence that the introduction of a proxy for organic matter (13C-labeled acetate) stimulated As(V) reduction in sediments collected from a Cambodian aquifer that hosts arsenic-rich groundwater. This was accompanied by an increase in the proportion of prokaryotes closely related to the dissimilatory As(V)-reducing bacteria Sulfurospirillum strain NP-4 and Desulfotomaculum auripigmentum. As(V) respiratory reductase genes (arrA) closely associated with those found in Sulfurospirillum barnesii and Geobacter uraniumreducens were also detected in active bacterial communities utilizing 13C-labeled acetate in microcosms. This study suggests a direct link between inputs of organic matter and the increased prevalence and activity of organisms which transform As(V) to the potentially more mobile and thus hazardous As(III) via dissimilatory As(V) reduction.
A model of health behavior to guide studies of childhood cancer survivors

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB) and its application to health promotion in childhood cancer survivors. DATA SOURCES Periodical literature about cancer survivors, health behavior models, and the IMCHB. DATA SYNTHESIS Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for various late complications of treatment. The primary goal of intervention is the modification of health-related behavior. Conceptual models that extend beyond health beliefs are needed to guide explanatory and intervention studies in this group. CONCLUSIONS The IMCHB identifies background, cognitive, affective, motivational, and contextual variables that explain health-related behaviors. The model defines the interactive and collective contributions of a survivor, family, and provider to adherence to protocols, reduction of risk behavior, and promotion of health-protective behavior. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING This model may identify new determinants of health-related behavior that can be targeted by specific inter- or intrapersonal interventions to protect the health of childhood cancer survivors and reduce their risk of late sequelae.
Circadian Disruption, Fatigue, and Anorexia Clustering in Advanced Cancer Patients: Implications for Innovative Therapeutic Approaches

A disruption of the circadian timing system, as identified by monitoring of marker biorhythms, is common in cancer patients. The recording of the rest—activity rhythm with a wrist actigraph has been commonly used. This noninvasive monitoring allows a robust estimation of circadian disruption. The authors have previously found that altered patterns of circadian rest—activity rhythms are significantly and independently associated with the severity of fatigue and anorexia in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Elevated proinflammatory cytokines could partly account for this circadian disruption and its associated constitutional symptoms. Here, the authors present and discuss the data supporting the hypothesis that circadian disruption is often associated with fatigue and anorexia, which in turn further alter and dampen circadian synchronization, thus, creating a vicious cycle. This body of evidence paves the path for innovative therapeutic approaches targeting the circadian timing system in an effort to diminish constitutional symptoms induced by cancer and some anticancer treatments.
Long Term Neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight andextremely low birth weight infants

Objective To determine the neurodevelopmental outcomes, functional limitations and medical conditions associated with very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants. Subjects and Methods The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and outpatient clinic follow up records of all newborns, treated at Shifa International Hospital from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2004 were analyzed. Infants weighing less than 1500 grams were included in the study. Neonates with weight
Cross‐National Reliability Study of a Schedule for Assessing Personality Disorders

The inter-rater reliability of a schedule used to assess personality disorders was examined. The Personality Assessment Schedule (PAS) involves an interview with both the patient and a close informant and the ratings for the informant are given most weight in the final scoring. Videotaped interviews with 23 psychiatric patients, most of whom had a clinical diagnosis of personality disorder, and a close informant were scored by seven raters, four in the United Kingdom and three in the United States. Overall inter-rater reliabilities (using the intra class correlation coefficient, R1) were generally good to excellent for each of the 24 personality variables tested, ranging between . 66 and . 94 for informants and between . 51 and . 91 for subjects. Corresponding reliability coefficients for overall mean PAS scores were . 82 and . 75, respectively. Consistent with these findings, there was little bias between the scores of American and British raters, although there was some tendency for American raters to score higher for the trait of eccentricity and lower for the trait of conscientiousness than was true for British raters. There was less bias for informants' ratings than for those of subjects. In a second set of analyses, it was shown that inter-rater reliability levels (using the Kappa statistic) were also good to excellent (.6 to .8) for the categorical diagnosis of personality disorder. These results, taken together, demonstrate that abnormal personality can be reliably assessed by both British and American raters.
The highly ordered assembly of retinal axons and their synaptic partners is regulated by Hedgehog/Single-minded in the Drosophila visual system

During development of the Drosophila visual center, photoreceptor cells extend their axons (R axons) to the lamina ganglion layer, and trigger proliferation and differentiation of synaptic partners (lamina neurons) by delivering the inductive signal Hedgehog (Hh). This inductive mechanism helps to establish an orderly arrangement of connections between the R axons and lamina neurons, termed a retinotopic map because it results in positioning the lamina neurons in close vicinity to the corresponding R axons. We found that the bHLH-PAS transcription factor Single-minded (Sim) is induced by Hh in the lamina neurons and is required for the association of lamina neurons with R axons. In sim mutant brains, lamina neurons undergo the first step of differentiation but fail to associate with R axons. As a result, lamina neurons are set aside from R axons. The data reveal a novel mechanism for regulation of the interaction between axons and neuronal cell bodies that establishes precise neuronal networks.
NEW OCCURRENCE OF EPIZOOTIC SARCOMA IN CHESAPEAKE BAY SOFT SHELL CLAMS, MYA ARENARIA

Maryland soft shell clams, Mya arenaria, from Chesapeake Bay were sampled from 1969 through January 1983. Four cases of sarcomatous neoplasia were diagnosed histologically [1979 (I), 1982 (2), January 1983 (1)] in 3,584 animals. Hemocytologic sampling between December 1983 and May 1984 revealed peak prevalences of 42-65% in clamsfrom five sites. Sarcomasin laboratory-held clams progressed from early to advanced stages and death. This is the first time epizootic neoplastic disease has been observed in a wild molluscan population which was previously documented to be sarcoma-free. An infectious etiology is implied and data indicate the potential for mass mortality of bay clams.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 promotes liver fibrosis development in a transgenic mouse model

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) has been shown to be increased in liver fibrosis development both in murine experimental models and human samples. However, the direct role of TIMP‐1 during liver fibrosis development has not been defined. To address this issue, we developed transgenic mice overexpressing human TIMP‐1 (hTIMP‐1) in the liver under control of the albumin promoter/enhancer. A model of CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis was used to assess the extent of fibrosis development in TIMP‐1 transgenic (TIMP‐Tg) mice and control hybrid (Cont) mice. Without any treatment, overexpression of TIMP‐1 itself did not induce liver fibrosis. There were no significant differences of pro‐(α1)‐collagen‐I, (α2)‐collagen‐IV, and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) mRNA expression in the liver between TIMP‐Tg and Cont‐mice, suggesting that overexpression of TIMP‐1 itself did not cause hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. After 4‐week treatment with CCl4, however, densitometric analysis revealed that TIMP‐Tg‐mice had a seven‐fold increase in liver fibrosis compared with the Cont‐mice. The hepatic hydroxyproline content and serum hyaluronic acid were also significantly increased in TIMP‐Tg‐mice, whereas CCl4‐induced liver dysfunction was not altered. An active form of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2) level in the liver of TIMP‐Tg‐mice was decreased relative to that in Cont‐mice because of the transgenic TIMP‐1. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that collagen‐I and collagen‐IV accumulation was markedly increased in the liver of CCl4‐treated TIMP‐Tg‐mice with a pattern similar to that of α‐SMA positive cells. These results suggest that TIMP‐1 does not by itself result in liver fibrosis, but strongly promotes liver fibrosis development.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev function by a Rev mutant which interferes with nuclear/nucleolar localization of Rev

A nonfunctional mutant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev was created by deleting seven amino acid residues within the nucleolar targeting signal. This mutant Rev remained in the cytoplasm in expressed cells and strongly inhibited the function of Rev by interfering with the nuclear/nucleolar localization of coexpressed Rev. These findings strongly suggest the multimerization of Rev in the cytoplasm before migration to the nucleus/nucleolus, where wild-type Rev functions as a trans-regulator.
Randomised comparison of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) with surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids (REST trial): 5‐year results

Please cite this paper as: Moss J, Cooper K, Khaund A, Murray L, Murray G, Wu O, Craig L, Lumsden M. Randomised comparison of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) with surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids (REST trial): 5‐year results. BJOG 2011;118:936–944.
Health Disadvantages in Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African Americans: Considering the Cultural Context of Narrative Health Promotion

African Americans are more likely than any other racial or ethnic group to develop colorectal cancer (CRC) and to die as a result. Factors such as age, family history, income, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding screening are important predictors of risk, and multiple factors may contribute to poor CRC outcomes for African Americans. Although screening is not the only factor associated with CRC outcomes, it may be one of the more important and modifiable risk factors for African Americans. Few programs have utilized narrative approaches to promote cancer screening among African Americans. None have focused on CRC screening. The purpose of this discussion is to review factors associated with CRC incidence, late detection and mortality among African Americans with emphasis on screening to improve CRC-related outcomes, and to discuss narrative health promotion as a culturally appropriate means for eliminating the disparities in CRC-related outcomes between African Americans and other racial/ethnic groups.