Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation into a Grocery Store Loyalty Card and its Accompanying Promotional Benefits Effect on Service Loyalty

The purpose of this study is to investigate a loyalty card and its relation to accompanying promotional benefits, and their linkages to grocery retail service loyalty. Also, the aim sets out to find relationships between demographic variables and proneness towards the promotional benefits, the loyalty card, and loyalty. A quantitative approach has been assumed and empirical data has been collected through the use of questionnaires. The data has been analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression analysis. An operationalization used to measure satisfaction of the loyalty card and attitudinal loyalty is also presented. Further, a literature review has been conducted and has resulted in an amalgamated conceptual framework, which is used to illustrate how the notion of loyalty, loyalty cards and its accompanying promotional benefits, and demographic variables are related. The empirical data has been collected by distributing questionnaires to members of a loyalty scheme at a grocery retail store in the south of Sweden. Results showed that a large proportion of the impact on satisfaction of the loyalty card was found to be derived from the loyalty cards promotional benefits. The loyalty card was also found to explain changes in both attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. However, promotional benefits provided a limited explanation of loyalty. Demographic variables are not found to have any direct relation with loyalty, however, linkages to promotional benefits and the loyalty card were found.
Trading Volume and Information Asymmetry Surrounding Scheduled and Unscheduled Announcements

This thesis investigates abnormal trading volume around scheduled and unscheduled announcements. The research is an extension of Chae (2005), Journal of Finance, Vol 60, which tests corporate announcements in the US stock market. In this thesis, Australian stocks are used to establish whether market characteristics affect trading behaviour around announcements. In addition, I extend the traditional methodology to overcome possible shortcomings in the previous studies. This thesis also discusses how information asymmetry affects the abnormal trading volume on the announcement day. In contrast to earlier studies, I nd abnormal trading volume does not change before either scheduled or unscheduled announcements, but, as expected, increases on and after the scheduled and unscheduled announcements. Information asymmetry increases trading volumes when unscheduled announcements are made, but has no effect for scheduled announcements. I show that the failure to adjust for the correlation between corporate events, results in abnormal trading volumes being detected prior to announcements. Differences between the Australian and US results can not all be explained by methodological differences. It appears that the underlying dynamics of the Australian market are different; casting doubts on the ability to generalize market characteristics from US based studies on abnormal trading volumes.
Behavior Based Manipulation

If investors are not fully rational, what can smart money do? This paper provides an example in which smart money can strategically take advantage of investors behavioral biases and manipulate the price process to make profit. The paper considers three types of traders, behavior-driven investors who have two behavioral biases (momentum trading and dispositional effect), arbitrageurs, and a manipulator who can influence asset prices. We show that, due to the investors behavioral biases and the limit of arbitrage, the manipulator can profit from a "pump and dump" trading strategy by accumulating the speculative asset while pushing the asset price up, and then selling the asset at high prices. Since nobody has private information, manipulation investigated here is completely trade-based. The paper also endogenously derives several asset pricing anomalies, including the high volatility of asset prices, momentum and reversal.
Cross Sectional Survey of Care Seeking For Acute Respiratory Illness in Children Under 5 Years in Rural Kenya

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In Kenya, diagnosis and treatment of ARI remains predominantly health facility based. This presumes that caretakers can recognize ARI symptoms promptly and make a decision to take the child to an appropriate health facility for treatment. Unfortunately, these presumptions have not been assessed. This study sought to establish determinants of health care seeking among caretakers of children under five years (CU5) of age with ARI. An analytic cross sectional survey was carried out in Githunguri Sub - County of Kiambu County. Households with CU5 who had recently suffered an episode of ARI were enrolled. Structured questionnaires, focused group discussions and key informant guides were used to gather information. Structured questionnaires were administered to caretakers to obtain information on socio-demographics, knowledge and health seeking practices. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out with a p value of 1hour) before service provision (p = 0.001), use of a motorbike to access the nearest health facility (p = 0.001) and traveling for 4 - 4.9 kilo meters to the nearest health facility (p = 0.002). Travelling for long distance and long waiting time before service provision during the previous facility visit were the main determinants of delayed facility consultations. The study recommends increased sensitization on symptom recognition among caretakers, and intensified efforts to reduce turn-around time during health facility consultations in order to minimize delays in health facility consultation.
EXPANDED PERLITE AGGREGATE CHARACTERIZATION FOR USE AS A LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION RAW MATERIAL

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of Izmir (Menderes-Cumaovasi) expanded perlite as a construction raw material by determining its characteristic properties, as well as its physical properties at different temperatures (up to 600°C). The perlites, having glassy, porous structure, were found to contain 70.68% SiO2 and 13.04% Al2O3. The physical properties of the perlites changed with temperature. The highest surface area, 524 m 2 /g, was obtained at 400°C. The physical properties were found to have high statistical relation. It was concluded that expanded perlite aggregates could be used as a construction raw material.
Comparison the Serum Level of Prolactin Among Patients With Chronic and Episodic Migraine

Background: Increased serum prolactin level is suggested as one of factors for migraine to being chronic. The Aim of this study is comparison the serum level of prolactin among patients with chronic and episodic migraine. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed from 2011 July till 2012 November among 114 female migrainous. The subjects who involved by menstrual irregularity, anxiety, depression, hypo or hypothyroidism, anemia, polycyth emia, epilepsy, and pregnant, lactating, prepuberty and postmenopause patients and hormonal preparations users didn’t entered study. The patients must avoid from any temporary affecting factors on prolactin serum level in the last 12 hours. Fasting blood was taken in the period of follicular phase and the serum level of prolactin was determined by ELISA method and compared between 2 groups. The data analysis was performed by T-test, Mann Weithney U and Qui 2 tests in SPSS 19 software. Results: A total of 57 patients with chronic migraine and 57 patients with episodic migraine with mean age of 33.0 ± 8.8 and 32.7 ± 8.7 years old respectively (P = 0.712) participated in this study. The mean serum level of prolactin was 20.92 ± 12.14 ng/dL (95% CI: 17.69 - 24.14) and 16.36 ± 9.34 ng/dL (95% CI: 13.88 - 18.84) respectively (P = 0.036). Also with omitting the age effect the difference was significant (P = 0.022). The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in chronic and episodic migraine was 28.1% and 12.3% (P = 0.036) (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 7.42 - 1.04). Conclusion: The prolactin serum level and the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in chronic migrainous was higher than episodic ones. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.4021/jnr189w
The Mediating Effect of Financial Performance on the Relationship between Shariah Supervisory Board Effectiveness, Intellectual Capital and Corporate Social Responsibility, of Islamic Banks in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of Shariah Supervisory Board Effectiveness (SSBE) and Intellectual Capital (IC) on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among 36 Islamic banks in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC) over the period of 2007-2011. Additionally, this study was aimed to identify the significance of financial performance (ROA, ROE) as mediator in the relationship between Shariah Supervisory Board Effectiveness (SSBE), Intellectual Capital (IC) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). For the purpose of data analysis and hypotheses testing, several statistical methods such as multiple regression analysis were utilized to understand the variables. The results of this study reported that SSBE, Capital Employee Efficiency (CEE) and Structure Capital Efficiency (SCE) of Islamic banks positively influenced CSR. However, Human Capital Efficiency (HCE) did not influence CSR. The results of hierarchical multiple regression indicate that financial performance (ROA, ROE) was found to be a significant mediating factor for the relationship between SSBE, CEE, and SCE, and CSR in Islamic banks. The relationship between SSBE, IC, financial performance (ROA, ROE) and CSR suggested that it may be beneficial to the management of Islamic banks to increase CSR as discussed. Limitations and recommendations for future research were also highlighted.
Factors affecting gestational length in the Mangalarga Paulista breed

The Mangalarga Paulista is a Brazilian horse breed that originated from a cross between Andalusian and Alter Real horses, and despite its national importance, no data exist regarding their gestational length. This study was conducted to determine the variation in gestation length and the influence of factors such as the sex of the foal, maternal age and parity, stallion and mating period. Retrospectively, data from 208 gestations of Mangalarga Paulista foals located in Piracaia, SP, Brazil, during the period from 1991 to 2012 were analyzed. The mean gestational length was 343.08 ± 0.66 days, with a range between 317 and 404 days. Gestation of mares carrying colts had a tendency to be longer than mares carrying fillies. Maternal parity significantly affected gestational length, with longer gestation for primiparous mares until the third gestation, shorter pregnancies between 4th and 8th gestation, and longer thereafter. Regarding mating period, mares that were mated at the end of the breeding season (January and February) had shorter pregnancies (P < 0.05). These results are of significant clinical and economic relevance for the equine industry, so that the monitoring of gestation and parturition can be performed effectively.
Survey of Traumatic Glaucoma in a Tertiary Hospital

Background: Traumatic eye injury is one of the most common causes of unilateral blindness worldwide and it remains a core root of avoidable blindness worldwide. Traumatic glaucoma can result in severe visual impairment. Recognition of factors related to poor visual outcome, appropriate medical therapy, surgical intervention when indicated and careful follow up will help in preserving vision in these patients. This study is aimed at determining the frequency, clinical forms and types of therapy of traumatic glaucomas as seen in our hospital. Methods: All consecutive patients with ocular injury who received treatment at the eye clinic of Ekiti state university teaching hospital, Ado Ekiti, from January 2012 to December 2014 were selected for the study. All subjects had thorough ophthalmic examinations. The patients with ocular injury and subsequently developed glaucoma were selected extracting from the medical records the demographic data, visual acuity at presentation, clinical form of glaucoma and various therapies for management. The data were analysed using SPSS version 18 (Illinois, Chicago, USA) and presented as tables, and figures, in frequencies, percentage. Result: A total of 5568 patients were seen during this study at the ophthalmology clinic, 365 of them had ocular trauma out of which 31(8.5%) was traumatic glaucoma. Peripheral anterior synerchae (29%), adherent leucoma (16.1%) and Hyphema (16.1%) were the common clinical manifestations (anatomic changes) of traumatic glaucoma. The clinical types of traumatic glaucoma are secondary open angle glaucoma (54.8%) which is higher than the secondary closed angle type (45.2%). 22 (71%) of these patients had medical interventions with antiglaucoma drugs. Conclusion: The prevalence of traumatic glaucoma is 8.5%, this glaucoma may result in severe visual impairment if treatment is not instituted early.
Comparison of travelling ionospheric disturbance measurements with thermosphere/ionosphere model results

Comparisons of modeled and measured responses of the ionosphere to the passage of atmospheric gravity waves are made for data recorded by an ionosonde located at Almaty (76 55 0 E, 43 15 0 N) from June 2000 until May 2001. Temporal variations of the altitude (hmF) and electron content (NmF) of the F-layer peak are used for comparisons. A significant part of the observations showed well-defined wave structures on the hmF, NmF and other parameter vari- ations observed throughout the entire nights. Both the mod- eling study and measurements showed that, as the F-layer is lifted by the positive surge in gravity wave, the electron con- tent at the F-layer peak decreases, with the slab thickness be- ing increased as well. Subsequently, the opposite happens as hmF falls below its equilibrium value. Some discrepancy be- tween the model and experimental results related to the phase difference between hmF and NmF variations is revealed. erning the atmospheric and ionospheric processes, but can be permanently improved by new experimental data incorpo- rated in the model calculations. A comprehensive simulation of the relationship of all fundamental parameters (density, temperature, and wind velocity) of the neutral atmosphere perturbed by AGWs and all fundamental ionospheric param- eters (electron density, ion and electron temperatures, mag- netic field-aligned ion drift) has been performed recently by Kirchengast (1996). The large number of considered param- eters makes the modeled results suitable, for example, for comparison with incoherent scatter data.
Voices of the Governed: towards a theory of the translocal

In this article I want to interrogate the political, economic, and social conditions that enable the extraction of natural and mineral resources from Indigenous and rural communities in Africa, the Americas, and the Asia-Pacific. The end of direct colonialism and the emergence of the development state did not necessarily translate into forms of local sovereignty for these communities who bore the brunt of development. I describe the emergence of resource wars in the postcolonial era and how organizational technologies of extraction, exclusion and expulsion lead to dispossession and death. I conclude by discussing possibilities of resistance and develop the notion of translocal resistance where local actors most affected by development are able to forge a series of temporary coalitions with international and national groups in an attempt to promote some form of participatory democracy. The article advance debates on postcolonialism by developing theoretical insights from translocal modes of resistance that open up new analytical spaces marked by particular configurations of market, state and civil society actors.
Kretschmer revisited: Mental fatigue and ideas of reference. Contributions from reinforcement sensitivity theory

Se analiza la relacion entre la fatiga cognitiva/somatica y las sensibilidades al castigo (SC)/recompensa (SR) (Gray) con las ideas de referencia (IR). Se estudia el papel mediador/moderador de los procesos SC/SR entre la fatiga cognitiva/somatica y
Flipped Classroom in Teaching Vocabulary to EFL Young Learners

Most of Indonesian young learners, particularly ele mentary school students, are lack of vocabulary so that it is hard for them to i mprove their English skills such as speaking and reading. Mastering vocabulary then plays a very significant role as the basic need to enhance their competence. A no vel strategy is needed to improve EFL (English as a Foreign Language) young l earners' vocabulary mastery. Therefore, the writer proposes flipped cla ssroom as an alternative strategy to teach vocabulary for young learners. Fl ipped classroom in this paper is an instructional approach and a type blended learni ng type reversing the old traditional educational system by delivering instru c ional contents or materials, frequently conducted by online and done outside of the classroom. This paper is focused more on viewing the general concepts or ins ights and the techniques of utilizing flipped classroom that a teacher can appl y in teaching vocabulary to elementary school students in which this approach, the writer believes, can also improve both learner’s motivation and engagement. T his paper is written based on some theories and the writer’s analysis as well as reflection of the writer’s teaching experience in classrooms. The data were co ll cted by doing library research so that he got the data as the reference f rom books as well as journals regarding the object of the study.
Russian-Speaking Immigrant Teachers in Finnish Classrooms:

Abstract Success of integration depends, amongst other things, on immigrants’ involvement in the host country’s education. Educational differences between home and host countries can either promote or hinder academic progress of immigrants and, consequently, overall process of their integration. The goal of this study is to investigate what effect differences between educational systems of Finland and neighbouring Russia may have on professional induction of Russian-speaking immigrant teachers in Finland. This is done through researching experiences of Russian-speaking teachers in Finnish education. Their views and interpretations of their own eligibility and Finnish schooling practices lay foundation of this research.
CONNECTING TO OTHERS: STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND IMITATION

Automatic imitation (AI) refers to the subconscious tendency we have to imitate an observed action, even when that action is irrelevant to or interferes with an action we are attempting to execute (Heyes, 2011; Brass et al., 2000). Human beings display a fundamental need to stay meaningfully connected to others, also known as the need to belong. Previous research shows that an experience of rejection can reduce one’s feelings of connectedness to others (Legate et al., 2013), and that behaviours such as non-conscious mimicry (NCM) increase after being excluded as a possible means of re-affiliation (Lakin et al., 2008). It may follow that exclusion can also interfere with our automatic imitation of actions of another person. In Experiment 1, we primed participants to either recall an event where they excluded other(s), were excluded by other(s), or recall the previous day’s activities. After priming, participants completed an assessment of their feelings of connectedness and then engaged in the controlled imitation task (CIT; Obhi & Hogeveen, 2013). In the CIT, participants observed on-screen movements of index and middle finger ‘lifts’. Half of the presentations were biological (finger lift trials) and half were spatial control stimuli (dot simulating lift trials). Participants responded to numeric cues of ‘1’ or ‘2’ for an index or middle lift, respectively. Movements were either congruent (e.g. cue ‘1’, lift ‘1’) or incongruent to (e.g. cue ‘1’, lift ‘2’) the movement the participant was instructed to perform. During incongruent trials (e.g. cue ‘1’, observe ‘2’), participants were to cancel their cued response in favour of producing the observed movement. This was followed with the completion of a rating indicating their need to belong. Results showed that when an observed action was incongruent with the cued response, reaction time (RT) was slowed and accuracy was reduced, but there was no significant impact of prime task upon imitation effect. In Experiment 2, the same social exclusion priming procedure was used, but participants completed the SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND IMITATION iii automatic imitation task (AIT). In the AIT, participants responded to numeric cues of ‘1’ and ‘2’ during both congruent and incongruent trials, and were instructed not to respond to the observed movements. The results from experiment 2 differed in that the slowing in RT and reduction in accuracy was only significant for finger trials, as well as a larger interference effect for finger trials than dots. As in Experiment 1, no significant impact of the prime was found on imitation. In both experiments, all participants rated their essay-writing experience as effective, yet no significant differences were found across prime groups in their connectedness scores or their need to belong rating. Overall, our findings suggest that writing about recalled experiences of social exclusion may not be enough to elicit significant changes in automatic imitative behaviours. Variations in methodological techniques may further elucidate the possible relationship between exclusion and imitation.
Shift of anammox bacterial community structure along the Pearl Estuary and the impact of environmental factors

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) plays an important role in the marine nitrogen cycle. The Pearl Estuary, a typical subtropical estuary characterized by hypoxia upstream and high loads of organic matter and inorganic nutrients caused by anthropogenic activities, has received extensive attention. In this study, anammox bacterial community structures in surface sediments along the Pearl Estuary were investigated using 16S rRNA and hydrazine oxidoreductase (HZO) genes. In addition, abundance of anammox bacteria in both water and surface sediments was investigated by quantitative PCR. Obvious anammox bacterial community structure shift was observed in surface sediments, in which the dominant genus changed from “Candidatus Brocadia” or “Candidatus Anammoxoglobus” to “Candidatus Scalindua” along the salinity gradient from freshwater to the open ocean based on 16S rRNA gene and HZO amino acid phylotypes. This distribution pattern was associated with salinity, temperature, pH of overlying water, and particularly C/N ratio. Phylogenetic analysis unraveled a rich diversity of anammox bacteria including four novel clusters provisionally named “Candidatus Jugangensis,” “Candidatus Oceanicum,” “Candidatus Anammoxidans,” and “Candidatus Aestuarianus. ” The abundance of anammox bacteria in surface sediments, bottom and surface waters ranged from 4.22 × 105 to 2.55 × 106 copies g−1, 1.24 × 104 to 1.01×105 copies L−1, and 8.07×103 to 8.86×105 copies L−1, respectively. The abundance of anammox bacteria in the water column was positively correlated with NO2− and NO3−, and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen, although an autochthonous source might contribute to the observed abundance of anammox bacteria.