Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intensification of Heat Sterilization Process for Liquid Foods Using Taylor-couette Flow System

Heat sterilization are widely used in almost all food manufacturing areas. For heat sterilization of liquid foods which has high viscosity and shear-thinning property, TaylorCouette (TC) flow system having two coaxial cylinders is applied in this study, and its performance of heat transfer TC flow for a high viscous shear-thinning fluid is investigated numerically. Taylor vortices generated between the cylinders enhance heat transfer from the surface of outer cylinder to the fluid. Thus Nusselt number significantly increased in Taylor vortex flow region. The empirically correlation equation of the global Nusselt number was constructed using two model parameters. Furthermore, heat transfer of TaylorCouette flow with an axial flow was simulated. When Taylor vortex is formed, heat transfer from the surface of outer cylinder was enhanced significantly. It can be found that TaylorCouette flow system has potential for intensification of continuous sterilization process.
Chance and strategy in search processes

We consider a searcher in quest of a target in two situations: in the presence of an infinite number of identical, Poisson distributed targets, and in the presence of a unique target in a finite territory. The searcher alternates intensive search phases, during which it scans the neighbouring territory but does not move, and displacement phases with no target detection. We study the problem of determining the best strategy of displacement for minimizing the mean search time: either a deterministic or a stochastic trajectory. With a reasonable simplifying hypothesis, we show that for Poisson distributed targets, deterministic, self-avoiding trajectories are more efficient than stochastic ones if the detection process involves no memory skills and can be modelled by a Markov process. In contrast, if the detection process is not Markovian, it can be better for the searcher to follow a stochastic trajectory rather than a self-avoiding trajectory, and we give an explicit example of such a memory law. In the case of a unique target, self-avoiding trajectories are always better if an infinite time is available for the search, whereas stochastic trajectories can be more efficient if the searcher has to find the target before a given deadline. Moreover, we show that the gain due to a deterministic trajectory, compared to a stochastic one, is not significant in the case of a large network containing a unique target. Additionally, for various examples of displacement trajectories, we compute the overall mean search time and study its minimization as a function of the mean duration of the detection process.
INTRODUCTION TO STRATEGIC INTERACTIONS , DUOPOLIES AND COLLUSION : A CLASSROOM EXPERIMENT

This classroom experiment introduces strategic interactions and collusion in an environment where two producers are interacting in a market. It introduces the three classic duopolies: Bertrand, Cournot and Stackelberg, and compares the effects of competition versus collusion. The experiment is intended for use prior to presentation of the theoretical models, as it allows students to develop their understanding of duopolies during the game and then to compare this understanding with the theory. The use of this experiment allows the instructor to present the intuition behind strategic interaction in an attractive manner and to dissociate intuition from mathematical complexity.
The intellectual and academic performance of adolescents contaminated by lead: relation with social skills

Este estudio investigo el impacto que el plomo tiene sobre el rendimiento intelectual (CI) y el rendimiento academico cuatro anos despues que la sangre del individuo fue contaminada por el plomo, asi como problemas de conducta y habilidades sociales ocho anos despues de la intoxicacion. 54 adolescentes, con una edad promedio de 14 anos, participaron del estudio. Fueron formados dos grupos: uno con bajo nivel de plomo en la sangre (menos de 5µg/dl) y otro con nivel elevado de plomo en la sangre (mas de 10µg/dl). Cuatro anos antes, los participantes habian sido evaluados em cuanto a habilidades sociales y problemas de comportamiento (IHSA-Del-Prette, SSRS-BR) por el WISC-III y TDE. Como resultado, el grupo con altos niveles de plomo en la sangre presento um mayor dano en su CI y problemas de comportamiento mucho mas numerosos. No se observaron diferencias en su rendimiento academico y ni en las habilidades sociales (segun evaluacion hecha por profesor), pero el grupo con el alto nivel de plomo en la sangre se autoevaluo como teniendo un mejor repertorio de habilidades sociales. Se discuten posibles explicaciones y las implicaciones para esos resultados y se presentan nuevas preguntas de investigacion
Gender Difference in Preferences for Second Language Vocabulary Learning Strategies : A Pilot Study

Vocabulary learning strategies play an indispensable role in assisting foreign language learners in expansion of their lexicon albeit efficaciousness of each strategy largely contingent upon preferences of individual learners. The present pilot study aims at investigating gender difference in preferences for second language vocabulary learning strategies. Self-report questionnaires on frequency of usage of distinct vocabulary learning strategies were distributed to 15 Thai learners of English at tertiary level. Male students were discovered to employ form-focused strategies as well as metacognitive monitoring and evaluation strategies more frequently whilst female students were found to adopt meaning-focused cognitive strategies and metacognitive planning strategies more frequently than their counterparts do. Such gender difference may illuminate instruction on vocabulary learning strategies in foreign language classrooms by encouraging teachers to take gender of students into consideration whilst planning vocabulary lessons in a bid to maximize pedagogical efficacy.
Aspects of SAF smelting of ferrochrome

This paper provides a review of the chemical reactions occurring in the submerged arc processing of chromite ores. The excavations of industrial furnaces have shown that the charge, as it descends through the furnace, passes through a number of distinct reaction zones. Each zone is characterised by differing process conditions and reaction products. The phase equilibria, reaction steps and mechanisms occurring as the charge progresses through the furnace are examined, and the potential influences of these factors on the process outcomes are discussed.
Study on : Tools for causal inference from cross-sectional innovation surveys with continuous or discrete variables

The design of effective public policy, in innovation support, and in other areas, has been constrained by the difficulties involved in understanding the effects of interventions. The limited ability of researchers to unpick causal relationships means that our understanding of the likely effects of public policy remains relatively poor. If improved methods could be found to unpick causal connections our understanding of important phenomena and the impact of policy interventions could be significantly improved, with important implications for future social prosperity of the EU. Recently, a series of new techniques have been developed in the natural and computing sciences that are enabling researchers to unpick causal links that were largely impossible to explore using traditional methods. Such techniques are currently at the cutting edge of research, and remain technical for the non-specialist, but are slowly diffusing to the broader academic community. Economic analysis of innovation data, in particular, stands to gain a lot from applying techniques developed by the machine learning community. Writing recently in the Journal of Economic Perspectives, Varian (2014, p3) explains “my standard advice to graduate students these days is go to the computer science department and take a class in machine learning. There have been very fruitful collaborations between computer scientists and statisticians in the last decade or so, and I expect collaborations between computer scientists and econometricians will also be productive in the future. ” However, machine learning techniques have not yet been applied to innvovation policy. The aim of this report is to rise to this challenge. The reader is warned that the discussion is very technical in places, but the report provides the first example of the application of new methods to generate novel insight with potentially very important policy implications. It is, to our knowledge, the first time that these methods have been applied to innovation data in such a comprehensive way. Moreover, the methods have been applied to a body of data that is almost impossible to analyse causally using the existing methods that are commonly applied in policy evaluation in the EU. While the initial findings suggest that causal processes within firms are complex, some novel connections are indicated by the analysis. In turn, some of these suggest important avenues for future policy analysis to follow. For example, to explore the relative impact of EU, national and local funding, given the limited causal impact
Artificial Neural Networks for Estimating Soil Water Retention Curve Using Fitted and Measured Data

Artificial neural networks for estimating the soil water retention curve have been developed considering measured data and require a large quantity of soil samples because only retention curve data obtained for the same set of matric potentials can be used. In order to preclude this drawback, we present two ANN models which tested the performance of ANNs trained with fitted water contents data. These models were compared to a recent new ANN approach for predicting water retention curve, the pseudocontinuous pedotransfer functions (PTFs), which is also an attempt to deal with limited data. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to verify the influence of each input parameter on each output. Results showed that fitted ANNs provided similar statistical indexes in predicting water contents to those obtained by the pseudocontinuous method. Sensitivity analysis revealed that bulk density and porosity are the most important parameters for predicting water contents in wet regime, whereas sand and clay contents are more significant in drier conditions. The sensitivity analysis for the pseudocontinuous method demonstrated that the natural logarithm of the matric potential became the most important parameter, and the influences of all other inputs were reduced to be not relevant, except the bulk density.
Management of bauxite residue in a temperate climate using mud‑farming techniques

The management of water within the mining waste industry is one of the most critical factors affecting operators today. Long-term sustainable management will both increase the volume of waste which can be stored in a given area and decrease the effect on sometimes fragile water supplies. One often overlooked technique, primarily used in the alumina refining industry, is the mechanical consolidation and densification of waste bauxite residue (also known as ‘red mud’ due to its colour) in a process known as mud-farming. This technique provides a simple, less technology–dependent solution as it is carried out by relatively inexpensive mechanical plant. Whilst a number of studies have examined the effectiveness of mud-farming, these studies have been carried out in the comparatively arid climate of South West Australia. Given that this technique may be of interest to the wider mine waste industry, a study into the observed benefits of mud-farming techniques within a temperate climate has been conducted. This study has focused on the mud-farming operations currently carried out at the Rusal Aughinish Alumina facility, near Limerick, Ireland. The study makes use of both historical site investigation data and the results from a site investigation carried out in 2014, using cone penetration testing as well as a complimentary laboratory testing programme. The results of this study demonstrate that the application of mud-farming techniques has led to increases in the both the undrained shear strength and the density of the bauxite residue which will ultimately enable increased capacity at the facility. Furthermore, this study identifies a number of issues arising for the use of standard geotechnical laboratory testing of bauxite residue, including the potential to miscalculate moisture content due to the presence of amorphous particle, and undrained shear strength.
Impact of Land Uses and Seasons on Physico-chemical Characteristics of Surface Water in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh

It has been widely accepted that there is a close relationship between the land use type and water quality. Streamwater is affected by several processes in the watershed, including anthropogenic activities that result in changes in the quality of water and its functioning. In year 2012, investigations on impact of land uses on physico-chemical properties of surface water was carried out during different seasons (rainy, winter and summer) in adjoining to Kandaghat block situated between latitude 30°57'994'' N and longitude 77°06'470'' E and 1458 metre above mean sea level in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh. The estimated water quality parameters were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), nitrate (NO3), chloride (Cl-), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from 39 sampling sites under different land uses (agriculture, forest and urban). The experimental data were statistically analysed through Factorial Randomized Design and significance of each treatment was calculated. The maximum pH (7.69), EC (266.39 μS/cm), Ca (66.08 mg/L), temperature (19.25°C), BOD (1.45 mg/L) and COD (18.33 mg/L) of surface water were recorded under urban land use, whereas Mg (12.90 mg/L), Cl(3.05 mg/L) and NO3 (4.19 mg/L) were maximum under agricultural land use. Maximum pH (7.79), temperature (22.58°C), BOD (1.71 mg/L), COD (17.41 mg/L), Ca (64.61mg/L), Mg (13.87 mg/L) and Cl(3.39 mg/L) were recorded during summer season, whereas EC (264.75 μS/cm) and NO3 (3.91 mg/L) were maximum during rainy season. The water quality index (WQI) for selected land uses ranged between 1.0782 to 1.0919, whereas season wise water quality index (WQI) ranged from 1.0757 to 1.0956, which shows excellent water quality; small variations in water quality indices were seasonal and linked to land use practices. Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal. com Received: 09-07-2015 Accepted: 28-08-2015
Essential Skills for Project Stakeholders Identification: Sustainability Perspective

In every life cycle of the project there are numerous people or organizations involved either directly or indirectly. While these type of people and organizations involved are called stakeholders and these may include the project team, client or customer, community, environment, suppliers, government. Stakeholders contribute and share their experiences, knowledge, and insights to support the project throughout its life cycle and therefore it is crucial to capture their input. However, before initiation of the project, stakeholders need to be identified. Following the fact that there are strategies and processes for stakeholder identification, it is not clear what skills are needed to employ those strategies for stakeholder identification. These skills are exceedingly important to have because in today's corporate world, the project team must be flexible in every aspect of their job and be able to complement their skills for the success of stakeholder identification. Using literature review, this paper seeks to describe the skills of project leader needed to identify the project team and the external stakeholders. Inductive approach was followed in this study and data was collected qualitatively using secondary sources. There are two essential skills i.e. relationship building skills and communication skills for internal stakeholders and four major skills i.e. communication skills, people skills, intellectual skills and conceptual skills for external stakeholders are identified for the identification of project stakeholders through literature review considering the sustainability issues in the project management.
THE INFLUENCE OF DOCTOR’S COMMUNICATION SKILL AND PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS ON PATIENT COMPREHENSION OF CAESAREAN SECTION IN RSIA PURI BUNDA MALANG

The new era of health culture is concerned about patient safety, where the patients have the right to obtain information from doctors about the actions & treatment for them. Preliminary study results show that comprehension level of Caesarean section patients is still low (56%) and there is a big risk for the hospital to get medical litigations. This study aims to determine the influence of physician communication skills and patient’s characteristics against the patient’s comprehension of caesarean section. This study was an observational study with the cross sectional approach with 70 post-cesarean patients samples using purposive sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire containing questions about physician communication skills, patient’s comprehension and patient’s characteristics and this study using logistic regression analysis. The test results showed that simultaneously, there is significant influence between doctor’s communication skills, age, a level of education and experience of the patient against the patient’s comprehension. Partially, showed a significant influence of physician communication skills and patient experience on the patient’s comprehension of a caesarean section, with the most dominant factor is physician communication skills.Therefore, the hospital can improve physician communication skills by doing communication training.
Mice with pituitary tumor transforming gene (pttg) knockout demonstrate increased urinary space in renal corpuscles

Aim. To investigate the effect of knockout of the pituitary tumor transforming gene (pttg-1) on the morphometric parameters and carbohydrate determinants of the murine renal structures. Methods. Kidneys of the knockout mice in comparison with the wild type mice of BL6/C57 strain of 1 month and 1 year age were subjected to morphometric investigation and lectin histochemistry. Morphometric study was completed using ImagePro Plus and ImageJ software. Glycoconjugates were detected by means of 8 lectins possessing different carbohydrate affinities. Results. Knockout of the pttg-1 gene was accompanied by an increased (approx. 30 %) urinary space within the renal corpuscles, enhanced exposure of the LCA and PNA receptor sites, and reduced binding of the LABA, WGA and SNA lectins. Conclusions. This study suggests the effect of the pttg-1 gene products on processing and exposure of the carbohydrates in renal tissues, apparently affecting ultrafiltration of the primary urine.
A study on fracture of femur shaft treatment with intramedullary interlocking nailing

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Rigid interlocking nailing for femoral shaft fracture is ideal for use in adolescents in terms of stability of the fracture and convenience for the patient. Closed reduction and intramedullary interlocking nailing is the surgical treatment of choice for the closed shaft fractures of femur. Present study conducted to study the principles of intramedullary interlocking nailing and to assess the outcome of the patient. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study comprises of 28 cases of fracture shaft of the femur admitted in orthopaedics wards of JJM Medical College, Davangere. Total 28 cases considered for closed intramedullary nailing. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In 55% cases closed intramedullary nailing given excellent healing of fracture, in 25% cases healing was good, in 10% cases it was average and 5% cases poor healing was observed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is concluded that closed intramedullary interlocking nailing method given good result in treatment of shaft fractures of femur. </p>
Revision 3 : Crystal Structure of CaSiO 3 Perovskite at 28 – 62 GPa and 300 K 1 under Quasi-hydrostatic Stress Conditions 2 3

15 In order to find the thermodynamically stable crystal structure of CaSiO3 16 perovskite (CaPv) at high pressure and 300 K, we have conducted synchrotron X-ray 17 diffraction (XRD) on thermally stress-annealed samples in a Ne pressure medium in the 18 diamond-anvil cell at 28-62 GPa. Rietveld refinements of the diffraction patterns are 19 significantly improved in fitting the positions and intensities of the split lines of CaPv if 20 the starting model is a tetragonal perovskite-type structure with the SiO6 octahedral 21 rotation around the tetragonal c-axis. The result is in contrast with other previous 22 * Corresponding author: Huawei Chen, hchen156@asu.edu
Stable Mixed Beverage is Produced from Walnut Milk and Raw Soymilk by Homogenization with Subsequent Heating

Walnut milk, which is generally produced in the presence of stabilizers by homogenization, is being increasingly consumed by people in China, due to its good nutritional and functional properties. In this study, the mechanism behind the poor dispersion stability of walnut milk without stabilizer has been clarified as caused by heat-induced large aggregate formation from walnut oil bodies and protein. It was found that addition of raw soymilk into walnut milk could result in the stable mixed beverage by homogenization with subsequent heating. This was because raw soymilk played roles on decreasing the particle size of walnut oil bodies during the homogenization, and preventing the large aggregate formation from walnut oil bodies and protein during the subsequent heat treatment. Amino acid analysis showed that the stable mixed beverage contained more lysine than the walnut milk. In addition, the stable mixed beverage had higher levels of protein content (about 2%) than the commercial walnut milk (commonly < 1%) in China. Therefore, this study was meaningful for the convenient and value-added utilization of walnut.
UTILIZATION OF UNCONTROLLED BURNT RICE HUSK ASH IN SOIL IMPROVEMENT

Expansive soil has been a problem in Indonesia as in other countries. Current research found that there is a potential use of silica waste%2C resulting from burnt rice husk%2C as a pozzolanic material. This paper presents the results of study on the utilisation of ashes produced from uncontrolled rice husk burnt in Yogyakarta %28Indonesia%29. %0D%0A%0D%0AIn this research%2C a series of laboratory tests has been conducted. The tests were carried out individually or in a combination in which the Rice Husk Ash %28RHA%29 content were varied from 7.5%2C 10%2C and 12.5 percent%2C and the lime content from 2%2C 4%2C 6%2C and 10 percent %28by the dry weight of soil%29. All the samples have been remoulded at their optimum moisture content %28OMC%29 and maximum dry density %28MDD%29. The research shows that lime - rice husk ash decreased the swell of expansive soil and improved its strength and bearing capacity. %0D%0A Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : soil+improvement%2C+expansive+soil%2C+uncontrolled+-+burnt%2C+rice+husk+ash.