Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive aspects of fathering and mothering, and children's attachment in kindergarten

Past research suggests that maternal and paternal parenting processes differentially contribute to children's adjustment. However, the contribution of paternal warmth and responsiveness, to childhood attachment security is less understood, especially beyond the preschool years. The current study examined relations between parenting and attachment among 236 families with children in kindergarten. Parental warmth was virtually unrelated to attachment security and avoidance with mothers and fathers, while paternal and maternal responsiveness to children's emotional distress were uniquely predictive of father–child and mother–child attachments, respectively. Although less responsive parenting was related to insecure attachment for both mothers and fathers, the parenting mechanisms associated with insecure attachment differed. Low paternal responsiveness was linked with continuous and categorical assessments of insecure‐avoidant attachment, while low maternal responsiveness was associated with insecure‐ambivalent attachment. Further research is needed to delineate why these patterns differ for fathers and mothers in order to understand fathers' unique effects on childhood attachment.
Which is the Optimal Therapy to Prevent Thromboembolism After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures in Low Stroke Risk Patients, Anticoagulation or Antiplatelet Therapy?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) poses an important problem in clinical practice and its prevalence increases with age, approaching 10% in octogenarians.1 The occurrence of a thromboembolic event is known as one of the most serious complications in AF patients. Prevention of thromboembolism is the principal aim of AF management. A simple well-validated stroke risk stratification scheme called “CHADS2” has been developed to predict more precisely the risk of stroke in individual AF patients.2 CHADS2 assigns 1 point for a history of congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75, or diabetes mellitus, and 2 points for a history of a stroke/TIA. Randomized trials have demonstrated a significant benefit of warfarin for reducing stroke events in patients with AF.3 Although there is clear evidence that warfarin therapy reduces stroke events in patients with a CHADS2 score of ≥2, its benefit in patients with a low-risk CHADS2 score of 0–1 is controversial, depending on the risk of hemorrhaging and patient preference.4 In addition, its use also needs to be controlled within the narrow range of the therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR), and attention needs to be given to the numerous dietary and drug interactions, and the risk of serious bleeding that is reported to be approximately 1% to 3%. 3,5,6 In contrast, aspirin is less effective in reducing thromboembolic strokes, but the prevalence of major hemorrhaging is smaller compared with warfarin.7 Over the past decade, catheter-based intervention has been shown to be an effective therapy for AF. The success rate of AF ablation has now reached up to 70–90%, and this ablation procedure has become routine in the major hospitals throughout the world. The complete elimination of AF by an ablation procedure decreases the tachycardia-related symptoms such as palpitations or dyspnea, but also may eventually reduce the future occurrence of a thromboembolic stroke.8 Nonetheless, many complications are related to AF ablation, such PV stenosis, stroke, other thomboembolic events, pericardial tamponade, and esophageal injury.9 In the patients undergoing AF ablation, the thromboembolic complication rate has ranged from 0 to 7%. 9-16 Most of those patients encountered transient ischemic attacks, but only a few patients had any severe disabilities or fetal events.9,11,14-16 The
Sexual abuse in eating disorder subtypes and control women: the role of comorbid substance dependence in bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE The relationship between sexual abuse and eating disorders remains uncertain. Recent data have raised the possibility of differential rates of sexual abuse among subtypes of eating disorders. METHODS We studied women with three subtypes of eating disorders: (1) 26 anorexia nervosa subjects (AN); (2) 20 bulimia nervosa subjects with comorbid substance dependence (BN + SDD); and (3) 27 bulimia nervosa subjects without substance dependence (BN - SDD). We compared women with these eating disorder subtypes to 44 control women (CW). Sexual abuse rates and diagnoses were assessed through direct structured interviews. RESULTS We found an order effect for sexual abuse which was most common (65%) in BN + SDD subjects, followed by a rate of 37% in BN - SDD subjects and 23% in AN subjects. Subjects of all eating disorder subtypes had significantly higher rates of sexual abuse compared to a rate of 7% in CW subjects. DISCUSSION Women with BN + SDD had the highest frequency and the most severe history of sexual abuse. However, the causal relationship between eating disorders and sexual abuse remains to be elucidated.
Localization of Bacillus subtilis sacU(Hy) mutations to two linked genes with similarities to the conserved procaryotic family of two-component signalling systems

Mutations in the sacU region have a pleiotropic phenotype. Certain mutations designated sacU(Hy), for example, express degradative enzymes at high levels, are able to sporulate in the presence of glucose, have severely reduced transformation efficiencies, and are nonmotile. We isolated and sequenced the sacU gene region of Bacillus subtilis. Two open reading frames were found in the sacU region, and sacU(Hy) mutations were localized to both of these open reading frames. The two open reading frames have similarities to two widespread families of proteins that mediate responses to environmental stimuli.
Regional variations in the presentation and surgical management of Pierre Robin sequence

To estimate the current birth prevalence of isolated and syndromic Pierre Robin sequence (iPRS and sPRS), including demographic variations. To assess for regional variations in surgical airway interventions for PRS, and to determine the mean length of stay (LOS), cost of admission, complication rate, and rate of associated procedures related to tongue‐lip adhesion (TLA), neonatal mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), and tracheotomy.
Illegal behaviors in problem gambling: analysis of data from a gambling helpline.

Problem gambling behaviors, particularly the most severe form, which is pathological gambling (PG), represent an emerging public health problem. Compared with the general population, individuals with problem gambling are more likely to have reports of legal issues, including commission of crimes, arrest, and incarceration. The goal of the present study is to examine the characteristics of individuals seeking help for gambling problems with regard to reports of illegal behavior secondary to gambling. Individuals with gambling problems were identified through use of a 24-hour gambling helpline, and information regarding the identified problem gambler was investigated with respect to reported presence or absence of gambling-related illegal behaviors. Identified gamblers with reported gambling-related illegal behaviors compared with those without such behaviors appeared to experience more severe gambling-related problems. Despite being on average younger, gamblers with acknowledged gambling-related illegal behaviors were more likely to have reports of having problems with multiple forms of gambling, debts to acquaintances, been suicidal secondary to gambling, used alcohol or drugs excessively, and received mental health treatment. Secondary analyses of the subgroup of gamblers with gambling-related illegal behaviors revealed that those with reports of arrest or incarceration secondary to gambling compared with those with gambling-related illegal behaviors but without arrest or incarceration secondary to gambling were more likely to have features similar to those described for individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). That is, the gambler with reported arrest or incarceration secondary to gambling was more likely to be male, unemployed, single, and have reports of problems with excessive drug or alcohol use. In contrast, the gamblers acknowledging gambling-related illegal behaviors but not arrest or incarceration secondary to gambling were predominantly female and more likely to have reports of problems with non-strategic forms of gambling (e.g., slot machine), owing money to legitimate sources of borrowing, having filed for bankruptcy, and having family problems related to gambling. The findings indicate: (1) individuals with reported legal problems secondary to gambling represent a more ill subpopulation of problem gamblers; and (2) there exist separate subgroups of gamblers with gambling-related illegal behaviors (i.e., those with or without reported arrest or incarceration secondary to gambling) with strikingly different characteristics and possibly different treatment needs. The results of the present study highlight the importance of the identification and treatment of individuals with gambling problems with respect to legal issues.
Higher expression of glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral mononuclear cells in inflammatory bowel disease

OBJECTIVE:Glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Up- and downregulated expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) has been reported for different chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of GR and their apparent dissociation constant (Kd) in patients with IBD.METHODS:Thirty-nine patients with IBD (22 with ulcerative colitis, 17 with Crohn's disease) and 35 normal controls were studied. Twenty-five patients did not receive steroids, 14 patients were treated with steroids. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients and controls were isolated using the Ficoll-Hypaque gradient and a whole cell [3H]-dexamethasone binding assay and Scatchard plot analysis were performed to assess GR number and the apparent dissociation constant. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.RESULTS:Normal controls showed an expression of 3969 ± 1555 GR per cell with an apparent dissociation constant of 6.16 ± 3.8 nmol/L. IBD patients without steroids had a significant increase both in the expression of GR per cell (6401 ± 2344; p < 0.0001; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) and in the apparent dissociation constant (11.02 ± 7.57 nmol/L; p = 0.006). Expression of GR in IBD patients was suppressed to normal levels under steroid treatment (4594 ± 2237; p = 0.024), but Kd remained elevated (13.56 ± 9.05 nmol/L). Plasma cortisol levels were not different between IBD patients and the control group.CONCLUSIONS:Our data show a systemic increase in GR expression and a decrease in the affinity to the GR in IBD, in contrast to other inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. These changes point towards a systemic character of IBD, which might be considered in a decision between topical and systemic treatment.
Pharmacokinetics, clot strength and safety of a new fibrinogen concentrate: randomized comparison with active control in congenital fibrinogen deficiency

Essentials Congenital afibrinogenemia causes a potentially life‐threatening bleeding and clotting tendency. Two human fibrinogen concentrates (HFCs) were compared in a randomized pharmacokinetic study. Bioequivalence was not shown for AUCnorm, which was significantly larger for the new HFC. Increases in clot strength were comparable, and no thromboses or deaths occurred in the study.
Immunohistochemical detection of C-kit (CD117) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression in mantle cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a low-grade lymphoproliferative malignancy that is extremely refractory to chemotherapy. Commonly used treatments have yielded unfavorable response rates (30% complete remission). We evaluated the incidence of c-kit (CD117) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression in patients with MCL in an effort to identify possible targets for therapeutic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with a diagnosis of MCL based on CD5 positivity associated with cyclin D1 positivity and CD23 negativity on the lymph node/bone marrow specimen were included in our retrospective study. CD117 overexpression was performed using immunohistochemistry on archival specimens. VEGF expression was detected by the avidin-biotin-complex method. RESULTS Between 1997 and 2001, we identified 17 patients with MCL (9 males, 8 females) with a mean age of 57 years (age range: 42-66 years). The mean overall survival was 34 months (range: 11-60 months). VEGF expression was identified in 7 out of 17 (41.18%) patients with MCL. Among the VEGF-positive patients (n = 7, 41.1%), the mean survival was 24 months (range: 11-42 months), while patients without VEGF expression (n = 10, 58.9%) had a mean survival of 44 months (range: 21-60 months). CD117 expression was identified in only 2 out of 17 (1.17%) patients in our study. CONCLUSION Our study evaluated the role of c-kit and VEGF overexpression in MCL. Although CD117 may not be of therapeutic significance, target-directed signal transduction inhibition therapy using VEGF-inhibitors may be a distinct possibility in a select group of patients with MCL. Future larger studies are urgently needed to elaborate the role of VEGF in MCL.
Self-Reported Health Among Recently Incarcerated Mothers.

OBJECTIVES We examined self-reported health among formerly incarcerated mothers. METHODS We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 4096), a longitudinal survey of mostly unmarried parents in urban areas, to estimate the association between recent incarceration (measured as any incarceration in the past 4 years) and 5 self-reported health conditions (depression, illicit drug use, heavy drinking, fair or poor health, and health limitations), net of covariates including health before incarceration. RESULTS In adjusted logistic regression models, recently incarcerated mothers, compared with their counterparts, have an increased likelihood of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18, 2.17), heavy drinking (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.19, 2.68), fair or poor health (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.08, 2.06), and health limitations (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.27, 2.50). This association is similar across racial/ethnic subgroups and is larger among mothers who share children with fathers who have not been recently incarcerated. CONCLUSIONS Recently incarcerated mothers struggle with even more health conditions than expected given the disadvantages they experience before incarceration. Furthermore, because incarceration is concentrated among those who are most disadvantaged, incarceration may increase inequalities in population health.
Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the expression of transcription factor adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 and of lipogenic and fatty acid oxidation enzymes in porcine differentiating adipocytes

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism. The effects of polyunsaturated FA on the transcription factor adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor (ADD) 1 and fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA in differentiating porcine adipocytes were measured using a stromal vascular cell culture system. Porcine stromal vascular cells were isolated from subcutaneous adi-pose tissues and plated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)–nutrient mixture F-12 Ham (F-12) plus fetal bovine serum (100 ml/l) for 24 h. Then cells were differentiated in DMEM–F12 plus insulin, hydrocortisone and transferrin without or with polyunsaturated FA at 6·25, 25·00 or 100·00 μm. The ADD1 mRNA was decreased by 100·00 μm-arachidonic acid, 6·25 to 100·00 μm-docosahexaenoic acid or cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid. The polyunsaturated FA reduced the transcription rate of FAS, but not of ADD1. All three polyunsaturated FA accelerated degradation of ADD1 and FAS mRNA to reduce the abundance of ADD1 and FAS mRNA. Results also showed that polyunsaturated FA inhibit the ADD1 expression, not only of mRNA concentration, but also of mature ADD1 protein concentration, suggesting an overall reduction of ADD1 function by polyunsaturated FA. Our present experiments demonstrate that polyunsaturated FA regulate the gene expression of ADD1 and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism in porcine adipocytes.
Assessing Underreporting Response Bias on the MMPI-2

The authors assess the replicability of the two-factor model of underreporting response style. They then examine the relative performance of scales measuring these styles in analog (ARD) and differential prevalence group (DPG) designs. Principal components analysis produced a two-factor structure corresponding to self-deceptive (SD) and impression management (IM) response styles. The IM factor scale and related individual validity scales were elevated among research participants instructed to fake good on the MMPI-2 as compared with participants who completed the MMPI-2 under standard instructions (ARD) and among individuals evaluated in real-life assessment contexts where underreporting is expected (DPG). Participants in DPG samples produced significantly higher SD factor and related individual scale scores than did the ARD participants instructed to fake good. These findings confirm that the MMPI-2 validity scales measure two types of underreporting styles and that these styles may operate differently in ARD versus DPG designs.
Diabetic bladder dysfunction

Objective To review studies on diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD), a common and bothersome complication of diabetes mellitus. Data sources We performed a search of the English literature through PubMed. The key words used were “diabetes” and “bladder dysfunction” or “cystopathy”. Our own data and perspective are included in the discussion. Study selection Studies containing data relevant to DBD were selected. Because of the limited length of this article, we also referenced reviews that contain comprehensive amalgamations of relevant literature. Results The classic symptoms of DBD are decreased bladder sensation, increased bladder capacity, and impaired bladder emptying with resultant elevated post‐void residual urine. However, recent clinical and experimental evidence indicate a strong presence of storage problems such as urge incontinence in diabetes. Recent studies of DBD in animal models of type 1 diabetes have revealed temporal effects of diabetes, causing an early phase of compensatory bladder function and a later phase of decompensated bladder function. The pathophysiology of DBD is multifactorial, including disturbances of the detrusor, urothelium, autonomic nerves, and urethra. Polyuria and hyperglycemia play important but distinctive roles in induction of bladder dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Polyuria causes significant bladder hypertrophy in the early stage of diabetes, whereas oxidative stress in the bladder caused by chronic hyperglycemia may play an important role in the late stage failure of bladder function. Conclusions DBD includes time‐dependent and mixed manifestations. The pathological alterations include muscle, nerve, and urothelium. Polyuria and hyperglycemia independently contribute to the pathogenesis of DBD. Treatments for DBD are limited. Future clinical studies on DBD in type 1 and type 2 diabetes should be investigated separately. Animal studies of DBD in type 2 diabetes are needed, from the natural history to mechanisms. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of DBD will provide multiple potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Clinical and molecular findings in a patient with 46,XX/47,XX,+14 mosaicism caused by postzygotic duplication of a paternally derived chromosome 14

Clinical and Molecular Findings in a Patient with 46,XX/47,XX,þ14 Mosaicism Caused by Postzygotic Duplication of a Paternally Derived Chromosome 14 Nobuhiro Suzumori,* Masayo Kagami,** Kyoko Kumagai, Shinobu Goto, Keiko Matsubara, Shinichiro Sano, and Mayumi Sugiura-Ogasawara Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan Division of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
The Development of Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Cancer

ObjectiveThe authors sought to develop new treatments for patients with cancer based on the genetic modification of immune lymphocytes and tumor cells designed to increase the host immune reaction against growing cancers. MethodsRetroviral-mediated gene transduction was used to introduce genes into tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and these genetically altered TIL were administered to patients with cancer. Genes coding for cytokines were introduced into tumor cells, and these cells were used to immunize patients against their autologous cancers. ResultsIn initial studies, the gene for neomycin phosphotransferase was introduced into the TIL of ten patients with advanced cancer to study the survival and distribution of TIL in humans. These studies showed that retroviral gene transduction is a safe and practical method for adding genes to human cells and led to clinical trials in which the gene for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was inserted into TIL in an effort to increase their therapeutic effectiveness. Phase I trials are currently underway using TIL that secrete up to 100 times the normal level of TNF. More recently, animal experiments have revealed that transduction of tumor cells with cytokine genes can enhance tumor immunogenicity and, thus, increase the recognition of the tumor as foreign by the host. Clinical trials based on these observations have begun in which patients are immunized against their own autologous tumors that were transduced with the genes for TNF or interleukin-2. ConclusionsAttempts at gene therapy for cancer are underway and have opened new possibilities for the development of cancer treatments.
Salivary phosphate secretion in chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND Hyperphosphatemia is an important contributor to cardiovascular calcification in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Cardiovascular calcifications are responsible for the high morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Despite dietary phosphate reduction and treatment with phosphate binders, serum phosphorus level, as recommended by K/DOQI guidelines, is achieved only by 50% of dialysis patients. Thus it is necessary to identify other therapeutic approaches to reducing serum phosphate. Phosphate may be secreted in the saliva, which is then swallowed, and this provides a source of endogenous phosphate and thus contributes to the hyperphosphatemia in CRF. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION This study evaluated salivary phosphate in 68 HD patients and 110 subjects with various degrees of CRF, compared with 30 healthy subjects. Saxon's test confirmed normal salivary secretion volume in all subjects. Salivary and serum phosphate and calcium and serum parathyroid hormone were measured. RESULTS Both HD and CRF patients had significantly higher salivary phosphate levels compared with healthy control subjects. In the latter group of patients, salivary phosphate correlated positively with serum creatinine (P < .0001) and the glomerular filtration rate (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the level of salivary phosphate may provide a better marker than serum phosphate for the initiation of treatment of hyperphosphatemia in CRF and HD patients. The results may also offer a new horizon in the therapy of hyperphosphatemia by establishing measures to bind salivary phosphate in the mouth, and before saliva is swallowed.