Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inducing Somatic Symptoms in Functional Syndrome Patients: Effects of Manipulating State Negative Affect

Objective Induction of negative affective states can enhance bodily symptoms in high habitual symptom reporters among healthy persons and in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The aims of this study were to replicate this effect in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome and to investigate the role of moderators, focusing on alexithymia, negative affectivity, and absorption. Methods Patients with fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome (n = 81) and HCs (n = 41) viewed series of neutral, positive, and negative affective pictures. After every picture series, participants filled out a somatic symptom checklist and rated emotions experienced during the picture series on valence, arousal, and perceived control. Results Patients reported more somatic symptoms after viewing negative pictures (least square mean [LSM] = 19.40, standard error (SE) = 0.50) compared with neutral (LSM = 17.59, SE = 0.42, p < .001) or positive (LSM = 17.04, SE = 0.41, p < .001) pictures, whereas somatic symptom ratings of HCs after viewing negative picture series (LSM = 12.07, SE = 0.71) did not differ from ratings after viewing neutral (LSM = 11.07, SE = 0.59, p = .065) or positive (LSM = 11.10, SE = 0.58, p = .93) pictures. Negative affectivity did not moderate the symptom-enhancing effect of negative affective pictures, whereas the alexithymia factor “difficulty identifying feelings” and absorption did (p = .016 and p = .006, respectively). Conclusion Negative affective states elicit elevated somatic symptom reports in patients experiencing fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome. This symptom-enhancing effect is greater in patients having higher difficulty to identify feelings and higher absorption scores. The results are discussed in a predictive coding framework of symptom perception.
Creatine supplementation in Parkinson disease: A placebo-controlled randomized pilot trial

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Creatine (Cr) is an ergogenic compound that exerts neuroprotective effects in animal models of PD. We conducted a 2-year placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial on the effect of Cr in 60 patients with PD. Cr improved patient mood and led to a smaller dose increase of dopaminergic therapy but had no effect on overall Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores or dopamine transporter SPECT.
A Remark on the Number of Complete and Empty Subgraphs

Let kp(G) denote the number of complete subgraphs of order p in the graph G. Bollobás proved that any real linear combination of the form [sum ]apkp(G) attains its maximum on a complete multipartite graph. We show that the same is true for a linear combination of the form [sum ]apkp(G) +bpkp(G¯), provided bp[ges ]0 for every p.
Growth dynamics of an amphibian tissue

By the “labeled mitoses” method of Quastler and Sherman and others, the cell cycle of the germinative zone cells of the bullfrog lens epithelium has been characterized. It has been shown that this cycle lasts approximately 83 days with the DNA synthetic phase enduring 100 hours and G2, 11 hours. G1 occupies over 90% of the total time. the duration of mitosis itself has not been precisely determined. the length of the synthetic phase was corroborated by double labeling with c14 and h3‐thymidine.
Lifers on the Outside

This article examines the effects of labeling though informal and formal sanctions on sex offender reintegration, using qualitative analysis from a probability sample of 153 registered sex offenders in four counties in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It also provides an overview of sex offender legislation and literature. Results of the study indicate that the majority of respondents experienced negative treatment because of their status as a sex offender. Results also indicate that formal and informal sanctions are stifling opportunities for sex offenders to be fully reintegrated into society and that treatment programs are not as effective as they could be. Implications for sex offender policy and further research are discussed.
Fathers that are born small program alterations in the next-generation preimplantation rat embryos.

BACKGROUND Low birth weight is associated with increased risk of adult cardiovascular and metabolic disease development, with recent studies highlighting transmission to subsequent generations via both maternal and paternal lines. However, the timing of parent-specific programming of disease risk to the next generation remains to be characterized. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine how paternal low birth weight affects the cellular and molecular physiology of the next-generation [second-generation (F2)] blastocysts, before uterine implantation. METHODS Uteroplacental insufficiency was surgically induced in Wistar Kyoto pregnant rats in late gestation, giving rise to first-generation restricted (born small) and sham-operated control (normal birth weight) male offspring, respectively. First-generation restricted and control male rats were naturally mated with normal females. RESULTS Resultant F2 blastocysts derived from restricted males displayed reduced expression of growth regulatory genes of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway compared with F2 control blastocysts (9-74%; P < 0.05). No differences were found in F2 restricted blastocyst structural characteristics, cell number, or carbohydrate utilization at the time of blastocyst retrieval or after 24 h of in vitro culture. However, histidine, methionine, pyruvate, serine, and tryosine consumption and aspartate and leucine production were greater in F2 restricted outgrowth than in controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study clearly indicate that male rat offspring born small, arising from uteroplacental insufficiency, have physiologic alterations that manifest as modifications in gene expression levels and nutrient metabolism of F2 blastocysts, even in the absence of overt cellular growth differences. These data demonstrate that growth restriction and associated disease risk have the capacity to be transmitted to the next generation of offspring via the male germ line and is manifest as early as the blastocyst stage of development.
Corruption by Design

Acknowledgments 1. Anticorruption Reform in a Setting of Widespread Corruption 2. Corruption and Anticorruption Reform in Hong Kong 3. An Explosion of Corruption in Mainland China 4. Problems of Routine Anticorruption Enforcement 5. Anticorruption Campaigns as Enforcement Mechanisms 6. Institutional Designs for Clean Government Notes Works Cited Index
Shareholder Perks in Japan: Price Movement and Trading Volume Around Ex-Benefit Days

This study examines the valuation of shareholder perks in Japan known as kabunushi yutai, which are noncash gifts and services that shareholders receive. This article reveals that the prices of stocks with shareholder perks drop on ex-benefit days, after controlling for cash dividends and other underlying factors, and excessive trade volume is observed around ex-dividend days. Price and volume movements for stocks with shareholder perks suggest the existence of a clientele of investors who value noncash forms of payout.
Loss Aversion for time: An experimental investigation of time preferences

This paper investigates decisions about inter-temporal tradeoffs. The objective of the study is to explore the valuation of time itself without tradeoffs between time and consequences. In an experimental study subjects made decisions about waiting time, where the time was subject to risk. We find that subjects are risk-seeking for decisions about time, which leads to the conclusion that waiting time is experienced as a loss. Subjects in this experiment show similar choice patters as can be seen in studies about money when losses are involved.
Longitudinal Cytological Follow-up of Patients With a Papanicolaou Test Interpretation of "Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance" That Was Followed by a Negative Reflex Test for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types

Summary The 2001 consensus guidelines essentially equated the follow-up management of patients with a Papanicolaou (Pap) test interpretation of negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and those with an interpretation of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) that was followed by a negative reflex test for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) types: follow-up cytology in 12 months. As several years have elapsed since these guidelines attained some measure of widespread implementation, we sought to determine whether, in routinely diagnosed cases, the full spectrum of follow-up cytological findings are indeed identical in these 2 groups. Clinical and pathological data of consecutive patients with a Pap test interpretation of ASC-US during a 6-week period (n = 587), in which reflex human papillomavirus testing was performed (n = 497) and in which HR HPV types were not detected (n = 300), were reviewed (study group). A randomly selected control group of 300 patients whose Pap tests were reported as negative (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy) during the same period were similarly reviewed. The follow-up Pap tests were classified into the various Bethesda 2001 diagnostic categories, and both groups were compared. The average follow-up duration in the study and control groups was 26.03 and 25.9 months, respectively. When all of the follow-up Pap tests in each group (study, n = 555; control, n = 356) were used for the comparisons, patients in the study group were significantly more likely to have an abnormal follow-up Pap test result than the control group patients (24.9% vs 7.6%, P < 0.0001); this was primarily attributable to the more frequent repeat interpretations of ASC-US in the former group (20.5% vs 5.1%, P < 0.0001). The HR HPV detection rates in the follow-up ASC-US cases were not significantly different between the study and control groups. There were no significant differences between both groups regarding the diagnostic frequencies of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL). No examples of HGSIL or invasive cancer were identified in the follow-up of either group. All comparisons of statistical significance retained their significance when only 1 follow-up Pap test per patient, the most severe interpretation, was used. Our findings suggest that some significant differences exist between these 2 groups, most notably the comparatively increased frequency of repeat ASC-US interpretations in the study group. However, the extraordinary rarity of the most clinically significant interpretations of HGSIL and carcinoma in this setting can be confirmed because no such cases were identified during the follow-up of either group.
On the Out-of-Sample Predictability of Stock Market Returns *

There is an ongoing debate about stock return predictability in time-series data. Campbell (1987) and Fama and French (1989), among many others, find that macro variables such as the dividend yield, the default premium, the term premium, and the shortterm interest rate forecast excess stock market returns. However, Bossaerts and Hillion (1999), Ang and Bekaert (2001), and Goyal and Welch (2003) cast doubt on the in-sample evidence documented by the early authors by showing that these variables have negligible out-of-sample predictive power. In this paper, I provide new evidence of the out-ofsample predictability of stock returns. In particular, I find that the consumption-wealth ratio (cay) by Lettau and Ludvigson (2001)—the error term from the cointegration relation among consumption, wealth, and labor income—exhibits substantial out-of-sample forecasting abilities for stock returns if augmented by a measure of aggregate stock market volatility ( ). 2 jm More important, the improvement of the forecast model of cayaugmented by over the model of cay 2 jm by itself is statistically significant. My results reflect a classic omitted-variable problem: While cay and
Vehicle factors and outcomes associated with hand-out-window motor vehicle collisions

BACKGROUND Patients can experience devastating injuries when an upper extremity travels out of a window during a motor vehicle collision. These injuries are typically very severe and may even result in loss of the affected limb. The purposes of this retrospective study were to determine the clinical fate of these extremities and analyze for common factors during the collisions. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 20 patients between 2003 and 2010, evaluating the patient’s age, arm involvement, number and types of surgeries, as well as the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) was conducted. In addition, patients were contacted to survey them about accident and vehicle factors and to complete the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (quickDASH) survey. The data were then analyzed for common factors. RESULTS The mean age of the 20 patients involved was 28.8 years. There were 11 men and 9 women. The mean MESS was 5.4. Two patients required amputation of some form. Fifteen patients were wearing a seatbelt at time of collision, four were not, and the restraint status of one patient is unknown. The closest extremity to the window was involved in 18 (90%) of 20 patients. Vehicle rollover was the most common mechanism of injury with 16 patients (80%) involved, while 4 patients (20%) were involved in head-on or side-impact type collisions. The average quickDASH score was 24 (range, 5–91). CONCLUSION The hand-out-of-the-window phenomenon during motor vehicle crashes results in very serious injury to the affected extremity. Most patients were involved in rollover accidents, and most were wearing a seatbelt. The arm closest to the window was nearly always involved. The mean MESS is high in these patients but did not necessarily correlate with amputation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, level IV.
Financing Difficulties and Structural Characteristics of SMEs in China

China’s reform and opening-up policy has created a good environment for the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), especially the burgeoning SMEs in the private sector. In the meantime, SMEs have been playing an important role in China’s economic reform and development and, to some extent, have become a growth engine in the Chinese economy. However, SMEs are still facing many financial difficulties due to various reasons, such as lagging in the banking system, an inadequate financial structure, lack of a guarantee system, etc. This paper will analyze the structural roots of SMEs financing difficulties and put forward possible measures to mitigate such financing obstacles. Since China’s reform and opening up, the market-oriented reform of the country’s economic system has gradually engendered labor and capital markets, which have promoted an organic combination of rich labor resources and increasingly expanded capital resources. The development of SMEs, especially the sharp rise in non-stateowned and non-public-owned enterprises, have provided a vast space and permanent vehicle for this type of combination. Although the overall size of the state-owned economy is still increasing in terms of number of enterprises and developmental potential, non-state-owned SMEs have become a main part of the Chinese economy and played an increasingly important role in the national economy and social development.
Strategic Planning for the Development of Complex Information Systems: A Case Study on Taiwan E-Net

In the public sector, the strategic information system is the critical part of the strategic plan through which a business adapts and changes in its dealings with changing technological and globalization, and decentralization environment. The main purpose of this study is to understand how integrate each stakeholders’ demand for interest and influence for strategic information project management in the public sector. We analyzed the Taiwan E-Net which is the largest telex information service system in Taiwan and interviewed 13 participants from various counties and cities who actually participated in the project planning and development process. We identified a total of seven primary common interests among individual stakeholders' groups for the strategic information system implementation. Moreover, based on the common interests, the feasibility of each strategical plan was analyzed. Thus, the mangers need to make the strategic plan for the system as a whole, not for the individual parts. Consequently, this study showed the effective cooperation process and solutions could be identified and employed as a guideline for future strategic planning and strategic information system implementation.
International randomised controlled trial of patient triggered ventilation in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

AIM To compare the effects of patient triggered ventilation (PTV) with conventional ventilation (IMV) in preterm infants ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). METHODS Nine hundred and twenty four babies from 22 neonatal intensive care units were assessed. They were under 32 weeks of gestation and had been ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) for less than 6 hours within 72 hours of birth. The infants were randomly allocated to receive either PTV or IMV. Analysis was on an “intention to treat” basis. Death before discharge home or oxygen therapy at 36 weeks of gestation; pneumothorax while ventilated; cerebral ultrasound abnormality nearest to 6 weeks; and duration of ventilation in survivors were the main outcome measures. RESULTS There was no significant difference in outcome between the two groups. Unadjusted rates for death or oxygen dependency at 36 weeks of gestation were 47.4% and 48.7%, for PTV and IMV, respectively; for pneumothorax these were 13.4% and 10.3%; and for cerebral ultrasound abnormality nearest to 6 weeks these were 35.4% and 36.9%. Median duration of ventilation for survivors in both groups was 6 days. Overall, 79% of babies received only their assigned ventilation. PTV babies were more likely to depart from their intended ventilation (27%vs 15%). The trend towards higher pneumothorax rates with PTV occurred only in infants below 28 weeks of gestation (18.8% vs 11.8%). CONCLUSIONS There was no observed benefit from the use of PTV, with a trend towards a higher rate of pneumothorax under 28 weeks of gestation. Although PTV has a similar outcome to IMV for treatment of RDS in infants of 28 weeks or more gestation, within 72 hours of birth, it was abandoned more often. It cannot be recommended for infants of less than 28 weeks' gestation with the ventilators used in this study.
The Value of Social Capital in Cropland Leasing Relationships

In the U.S. economy, informal bargaining between persons for services or assets of relatively high value is common (e.g. used cars, houses). However, there is one example encountered frequently in agriculture: the cropland lease. Many farmers rent at least a portion of their cropland and typically no formal markets exist for pricing rental rates. This reliance on informal bargaining for the primary capital asset in farming suggests lease rates and the relationship between landowner and tenant have significant economic implications. Leasing relationships may be as long as a generation, with some land passing to the next generation without interruption. Does the existence of such a long-lived and close relationship affect the rates at which the land is leased? If so, cropland leases offer a unique test of the theory of social capital which posits that outcomes are a result of the interaction between traditional market behavior and social customs or norms. By characterizing the social aspects of cropland leasing relationships and their corresponding rental rates, this study analyzes the market for cropland to determine if lease rates are consistent with the theory of social capital. Data from a 2015 survey of Kansas farmers asking for contract terms and landowner characteristics were used to estimate a hedonic regression model. Empirical results support the hypothesis of a negative impact on rental rates from longer-term leasing relationships.
Inverted Papillomas and Associated Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Inverted papillomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses are found to be associated with squamous cell carcinomas in a small percentage of cases. The records of forty-six patients treated for inverted papillomas in these areas over a 10-year period were reviewed. Eleven patients (24%) were found to have squamous cell carcinoma, and one carcinoma in situ, in relationship to the inverted papillomas. This is a much higher percentage than generally reported. Four of these patients were found to have inverted papillomas coincidentally in surgical specimens resected for squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma were found to be in older age groups, were more likely to manifest epistaxis than the more common unilateral nasal obstructive symptoms, and had less time between the onset of symptoms and presentation than those with inverted papillomas alone. The clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of inverted papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in association with inverted papillomas are discussed.
Influence of integrated reporting ratings, CEO age, and years of experience on the share price of top 106 JSE listed companies

Integrated corporate reporting (ICR), which entails the process of compiling, documenting and reporting on company’s resources, its ongoing relationships with key stakeholders; business models; products (services); and the impact of such products (or services) on stakeholders, society, as well as the environment to optimize company value, has generated considerable interest among top 100 Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed companies in South Africa over the last decade. Despite the surging interest in ICR to leverage the social responsibility, transparency and public accountability of companies in the developing African countries, little is known about the combined influence of ICR and internal company resources and/ capabilities (e.g., age and experience of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO)) on the performance of South African listed companies. The main objective of this study, therefore, is to examine the impact of Integrated Reporting Ratings (IRR); the company CEO’s age; and his/her years as a CEO on the share price of the company within the South African context. The top-106 JSE listed companies for the period Year-end 2014 constitute the sample for this study. Multivariate non-parametric regression is used to model the relationship between the predictor (i.e., independent) variables and the response (i.e., dependent) variable using MATLAB. The model developed in this study is, then, used to evaluate the impact of IRR; the CEO’s age and years of experience as CEO on the share price of individual companies. The proposed methodology is illustrated step-by-step. The finding of the study reveal that the share price of a company tended to increase with an increase in IRR, age and years of experience of the CEO, demonstrating that a company’s established history in integrated reporting and corporate experience positively impact its performance (i.e., the share price).