Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytotoxic metabolites produced by Diaporthe eres involved in cane blight of grapevine in Italy

Abstract Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the most serious biotic stresses affecting this important crop. Among them a range of diseases were identified and associated to a plethora of phytopathogenic fungi, including species of Diaporthe. Diaporthe eres was recently identified as one of the species involved in cane blight of grapevine. The ability of a strain of this fungus isolated from infected grapevine plant in Italy to produce in vitro phytotoxic metabolites was investigated. Five phytotoxic metabolites were identified by their physical and spectroscopic properties as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, nectriapyrone, p-cresol and tyrosol. When tested on grapevine leaf disks and by leaf absorption, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid induced symptoms on both disks and leaves, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and p-cresol showed, respectively, phytotoxicity on leaf disks and on the leaf absorption bioassay. Graphical Abstract
Controlling the reinforcement in Bayesian non‐parametric mixture models

Summary. The paper deals with the problem of determining the number of components in a mixture model. We take a Bayesian non‐parametric approach and adopt a hierarchical model with a suitable non‐parametric prior for the latent structure. A commonly used model for such a problem is the mixture of Dirichlet process model. Here, we replace the Dirichlet process with a more general non‐parametric prior obtained from a generalized gamma process. The basic feature of this model is that it yields a partition structure for the latent variables which is of Gibbs type. This relates to the well‐known (exchangeable) product partition models. If compared with the usual mixture of Dirichlet process model the advantage of the generalization that we are examining relies on the availability of an additional parameter σ belonging to the interval (0,1): it is shown that such a parameter greatly influences the clustering behaviour of the model. A value of σ that is close to 1 generates a large number of clusters, most of which are of small size. Then, a reinforcement mechanism which is driven by σ acts on the mass allocation by penalizing clusters of small size and favouring those few groups containing a large number of elements. These features turn out to be very useful in the context of mixture modelling. Since it is difficult to specify a priori the reinforcement rate, it is reasonable to specify a prior for σ. Hence, the strength of the reinforcement mechanism is controlled by the data.
Oral ferroportin inhibitor VIT‐2763: First‐in‐human, phase 1 study in healthy volunteers

Restriction of iron availability by ferroportin inhibition is a novel approach to treating non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (β‐thalassemia intermedia). This first‐in‐human, Phase I study (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu; EudraCT no. 2017‐003395‐31) assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single‐ and multiple‐ascending doses (SAD and MAD) of the oral ferroportin inhibitor, VIT‐2763, in healthy volunteers. Participants received VIT‐2763 5/15/60/120/240 mg or placebo in the SAD phase and VIT‐2763 60/120 mg once daily, VIT‐2763 60/120 mg twice daily, or placebo for 7 days in the MAD phase. Seventy‐two participants completed treatment. VIT‐2763 was well tolerated and demonstrated a similar safety profile to the placebo. There were no serious or severe adverse events, or discontinuations due to adverse events. VIT‐2763 absorption was relatively fast, with detectable levels 15 to 30 minutes post‐dose. Following multiple dosing there was no apparent change in absorption and accumulation was minimal. Mean elimination half‐life was 1.9 to 5.3 hours following single dosing, and 2.1 to 3.8 hours on Day 1 and 2.6 to 5.3 hours on Day 7, following repeated dosing. There was a temporary decrease in mean serum iron levels with VIT‐2763 single doses ≥60 mg and all multiple doses; mean calculated transferrin saturation (only assessed following multiple dosing) also temporarily decreased. A shift in mean serum hepcidin peaks followed administration of all iron‐lowering doses of VIT‐2763. This effect was less pronounced after 7 days of multiple dosing (aside from with 120 mg once daily). These results support the initiation of clinical studies in patients with non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassemia and documented iron overload due to ineffective erythropoiesis.
N T ] 2 0 O ct 2 01 9 LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN PRIMES

In this paper we prove an asymptotic formula for the number of solutions in prime numbers to systems of simultaneous linear inequalities with algebraic coefficients. For m simultaneous inequalities we require at least m + 2 variables, improving upon existing methods, which generically require at least 2m + 1 variables. Our result also generalises the theorem of Green-Tao-Ziegler on linear equations in primes. Many of the methods presented apply for arbitrary coefficients, not just for algebraic coefficients, and we formulate a conjecture concerning the pseudorandomness of sieve weights which, if resolved, would remove the algebraicity assumption entirely.
Cohesion and adherence in exercise groups of patients with chronic heart diseases – a prospective study

Abstract Objective: In cardiac rehabilitation, long-term adherence to exercise prescription is an important prerequisite to reduce mortality and the risk of recurrent cardiac events. Cohesion seems to be an important predictor of adherence when exercise is conducted in prevention settings, but in clinical settings, this relationship is currently unknown. To address this gap, the goal of this study was to determine the relationship between group cohesion and adherence in cardiac rehabilitation programs considering the duration of membership as a moderator. Design: The study was conducted with 474 participants (21.7% women), in three rehabilitation centres in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany, assessing cohesion, adherence and group membership in outpatient cardiac exercise groups. Main Outcome Measures: Cohesion was assessed using the KIT-FG and adherence was operationalized as the total number of sessions attended over a 7-week period. Results: Moderated hierarchical stepwise regression analyses revealed that perceptions of the social dimension of group cohesion significantly predicted adherence behaviour only for members with a rather long duration of membership. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that cohesion might have a differential effect on an individual’s decision to regularly participate in exercise, depending on the duration of membership in the group.
Are today’s youth more tolerant? Trends in tolerance among young people in Britain

Attitudes towards social groups that have traditionally been marginalised or discriminated against have changed markedly in Britain over the past three decades. This change is particularly marked in attitudes towards homosexuality and racial diversity which, as public opinion surveys have regularly shown, have become more accepting over time. This change is often attributed to older, less tolerant generations being replaced by young cohorts who are more inclusive and open minded in their attitudes to cultural others. The paper explores this argument by examining trends in people’s attitudes towards a variety of minorities, including the said groups, but also immigrants and foreign workers. It starts with a discussion of several perspectives predicting different trends with regards to these attitudes. A distinction is made between optimistic ones (i.e. those anticipating rising levels of tolerance) and pessimistic ones (i.e. those expecting stable or declining levels of tolerance). Subsequently, the paper presents trend analyses and an analysis of age, cohort and period effects to broadly assess the explanatory power of these perspectives. Using these approaches, we find that tolerance towards racial minorities and homosexuality has indeed risen across the board, and that young people are also more accepting of these groups than their parents or grandparents and previous generations of young people. These trends broadly support the optimistic perspectives. However, we also find that prejudice has not disappeared from youth attitudes altogether; for a sizeable minority of youth, it has merely shifted its focus to immigration. Not only have unwelcoming attitudes towards immigrants generally become stronger, young people are not always the most tolerant age group regarding this social group. These findings are thus more in line with the expectations of the pessimistic perspectives.
Studying the Role of Cultural Barriers in Relationship between Organizational learning and Open Mindedness

This paper aims at studying the role of cultural barriers in relationship between organizational learning (seven dimensions including continuous learning, team learning, empowerment, embedded system, system connection, inquiry and dialogue, and strategic leadership) and open mindedness. This is an applied survey study. Statistical population consists of 382 workers and, a sample of 191 workers of Exir pharmaceutical factory in Borujerd were selected based on Morgan table. In this study, simple random sampling has been applied and standard organizational learning questionnaire involving 66 questions (Watskins & Marsick, 1996) have been utilized to collect data, with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.823 that shows high reliability of questionnaire. Data and questions have been analyzed using linear regression method and with SPSS software. Data analysis presents the results as follows. All seven dimensions influence the open mindedness and cultural barriers serve as effective variables in the interaction of organizational learning and open mindedness.
Milk quality of Jersey cows kept on winter pasture supplemented or not with concentrate

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do uso de suplementacao em pastagem cultivada constituida por Avena strigosa (aveia-preta), Lolium multiflorum (azevem-anual) e Vicia sativa L. (ervilhaca) sobre a composicao e a contagem de celulas somaticas (CCS) do leite de vacas Jersey. Foram utilizadas oito vacas da raca Jersey, distribuidas ao acaso, apos estratificacao por producao de leite, periodo de lactacao e peso corporal, em dois grupos homogeneos (um com suplementacao e outro apenas em pastagem), em delineamento experimental completamente casualizado. Os dois grupos foram mantidos na pastagem por aproximadamente 7 horas por dia em um sistema de pastejo rotativo em faixas, com periodo de ocupacao de um dia. O grupo sob suplementacao recebeu diariamente 8 kg de suplemento constituido de farelo de soja, casca de soja, calcario calcitico e sal mineral. Os resultados evidenciaram diferencas significativas entre os dois grupos, uma vez que os percentuais de solidos totais, proteina e gordura do leite foram maiores nas vacas sob suplementacao. O percentual de lactose nao foi influenciado pelo consumo de suplemento. A contagem de celulas somaticas, embora com diferenca estatistica menor para o grupo em pastagem, apresentou pequena oscilacao numerica entre os grupos, a qual nao pode ser considerada efeito da suplementacao. O fornecimento de suplemento a vacas Jersey em lactacao promove aumento do percentual de solidos totais do leite, uma vez que eleva suas concentracoes de gordura e proteina.
Sequencing and Expression Analysis of the Gene Encoding PII Signal Protein in Chlorella Variabilis NC64A

Although PII signal transduction proteins have been described in bacteria, archaea and plants, only one PII homolog has so far been characterized in green algae. Using a specific antibody to the PII protein from Chlamydomonas (CrPII), we provide the evidence that the model plant organism Chlorella variabilis NC64A (NC64A) possesses a protein that is immunologically related to the CrPII. The coding region of the CvGLB1 gene was sequenced, and it contained six introns and seven exons. In comparison to PII proteins from plants and cyanobacteria, the predicted amino acid sequence showed its highest degree of identity with proteins from Chlamydomonas (55.2%) and cyanobacteria, Synechococcus PCC 7942 (52.3%) and Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 (51.8%). Here, we demonstrated that like its plant PII homologs, the C. variabilis PII protein (CvPII) is appeared to be localized in the chloroplast. Expression analysis indicated that CvGLB1 transcription was independent on growth rates or nitrogen availability. The results of this study will facilitate not only characterization of PII signaling network but also the transcriptional analysis in this alga.
Genome Sequence Announcement of Bacillus paranthracis Strain ICIS-279, Isolated from Human Intestine

This report describes the genome sequence of Bacillus paranthracis strain ICIS-279, isolated from human feces. It demonstrates a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitory activity up to 0.1 ng/ml. The genome size is 5,180,499 bp, with a G+C content of 35.4%. Annotation revealed 5,168 coding sequences, including 5,168 proteins and 43 rRNA, 102 tRNA, and 5 noncoding RNA (ncRNA) genes. ABSTRACT This report describes the genome sequence of Bacillus paranthracis strain ICIS-279, isolated from human feces. It demonstrates a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitory activity up to 0.1 ng/ml. The genome size is 5,180,499 bp, with a G+C content of 35.4%. Annotation revealed 5,168 coding sequences, including 5,168 proteins and 43 rRNA, 102 tRNA, and 5 noncoding RNA (ncRNA) genes.
Status differences in employee adjustment during organizational change

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to confirm predictions that employee reports of psychological climate, appraisals of change and levels of adjustment during a change programme would be more positive for employees in higher status groups (operationalized as hierarchical level in the organization and occupational role). Design/methodology/approach – Two questionnaire studies were conducted and data were analysed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Study one examined differences among 669 public sector employees as a function of status (organizational hierarchal level). Study two examined differences among 732 hospital employees as a function of role (occupational group) and status (managerial responsibility). Findings – The results of study one revealed that upper level staff reported more positive attitudes during change, across a range of indicators. The results of study two showed that non‐clinical staff reported more negative attitudes during change than other occupational groups. In a.
Discrepancies in Karst Soil Organic Carbon in Southwest China for Different Land Use Patterns: A Case Study of Guizhou Province

The assessment of soil organic carbon (SOC) in mountainous karst areas is very challenging, due to the high spatial heterogeneity in SOC content and soil type. To study and assess the SOC storage in mountainous karst areas, a total of 22,786 soil samples were collected from 2,854 soil profiles in Guizhou Province in Southwest China. The SOC content in the soil samples was determined by the oxidation of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), followed by titration with iron (II) sulfate (FeSO4). The SOC storage was assessed based on different land uses. The results suggested that the average SOC density in the top 1.00 m of soil associated with different land uses decreased in the following order: Croplands (9.58 kg m−2) > garden lands (9.07 kg m−2) > grasslands (8.07 kg m−2) > forestlands (7.35 kg m−2) > uncultivated lands (6.94 kg m−2). The SOC storage values in the 0.00–0.10 m, 0.00–0.20 m, 0.00–0.30 m and 0.00–1.00 m soil layers of Guizhou Province were 0.50, 0.87, 1.11 and 1.58 Pg, respectively. The SOC in the top 0.30 m of soil accounted for 70.25% of the total within the 0.00–1.00 m layer in Guizhou Province. It was concluded that assessing SOC storage in mountainous karst areas was more accurate when using land use rather than soil type. This result can supply a scientific reference for the accurate assessment of the SOC storage in the karst areas of southwestern China, the islands of Java, northern and central Vietnam, Indonesia, Kampot Province in Cambodia and in the general area of what used to be Yugoslavia, along with other karst areas with similar ecological backgrounds.
A study of surgical management of distal femoral fractures in adults using locking compression plate

Background: The introduction of locking compression plates with option of locked screws has provided the means to increase the stability of fracture fixation. Methods: In this study, 30 distal femoral fractures were treated using the distal femoral locking compression plate. All fractures were fresh, closed and operated within 12 days. Follow up duration ranged from 6 to 18 months. Results: In this study, 20 patients were males and 10 were females. The 23 of the fractures (76.66%), were caused by road traffic accidents, 3 were due to accidental falls (10%), one was due to assault and 3 were due to fall from height.9 patients had associated injuries. All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using Locking Compression Plate. 6 to 9 holed plates were used. Out of 30 patients 2 went for delayed union and 3 went for non-union. Average knee flexion was 109 o having knee range of motion more than 100 with 50% patients. Average knee extensor lag was 2.4 degrees with only 4 patients with lag more than 5. 2 patients developed 2 cm shortening. 4 patients had less than 5 degrees of malalignment. 2 patients had deep infection. Functional outcome was measured using NEER's scoring system and was done at the end of 5- 7 months (average of 6 months). Excellent results- 17 (56.66%) good results-8 (26.66%) fair results-2 (6.66%) poor results-3 (10%). Conclusions: LCP condylar plate represents an evolutionary approach to the surgical management and is an important armamentarium in distal femur fracture fixation, especially when fracture is severely comminuted and in situations of osteoporosis.
An Introductory Study to Volume IV of the Life's Work Series*

The author’s ideas on the soft budget constraint (SBC) were first expressed in 1976. Much progress has been made in understanding the problem over the ensuing four decades. The study takes issue with those who confine the concept to the process of bailing out loss-making socialist firms. It shows how the syndrome can appear in various organizations and forms in many spheres of the economy and points to the various means available for financial rescue. Single bailouts do not as such generate the SBC syndrome. It develops where the SBC becomes built into expectations. Special heed is paid to features generated by the syndrome in rescuer and rescuee organizations. The study reports on the spread of the syndrome in various periods of the socialist and the capitalist system, in various sectors. The author expresses his views on normative questions and on therapies against the harmful effects. He deals first with actual practice, then places the theory of the SBC in the sphere of ideas and models, showing how it relates to other theoretical trends, including institutional and behavioural economics and theories of moral hazard and inconsistency in time. He shows how far the intellectual apparatus of the SBC has spread in theoretical literature and where it has reached in the process of “canonization” by the economics profession. Finally, he reviews the main research tasks ahead.
Competitive Structure of Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine in World Wheat Market: Gravity Model Approach

Due to an increase in export shares of Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine (KRU) the competition in global wheat market has become more intense during the last decade. Hence, this study aims to analyze the market structure of KRU over the period 2004-2010. By using the gravity trade model and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimation method, this study confirms that the emergence of KRU increases the competition in international wheat market. The other main finding is that there is no evidence of market power of KRU wheat exporters over the South Caucasian and Central Asian countries.
Gravitational collapse in (
2+1
)-dimensional Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity

We study here the gravitational collapse of dust in $(2+1)$-dimensional spacetimes for the formation of black holes (BH) and naked singularities (NS) as final states in a modified theory of gravity, with vanishing cosmological constant. From the perspective of cosmic censorship, we investigate the collapse of a dust cloud in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity (EiBI) and compare the results with those of general relativity (GR). It turns out that, as opposed to the general relativistic situation, where the outcome of dust collapse in $(2+1)$ dimensions is always a naked singularity, the EiBI theory has a certain range of parameter values that avoid the naked singularity. This indicates that a $(3+1)$-dimensional generalization of these results could be useful and worth examining. Finally, using the results here, we show that the singularity avoidance through homogeneous bounce in cosmology in this modified gravity is not stable.
Altered Auditory P300 Performance in Parents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Offspring

Objective Altered event-related potential (ERP) performances have been noted in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients and reflect neurocognitive dysfunction. Whether these ERP alterations and correlated dysfunctions exist in healthy parents with ADHD offspring is worth exploring. Methods Thirteen healthy parents with ADHD offspring and thirteen healthy controls matched for age, sex and years of education were recruited. The auditory oddball paradigm was used to evaluate the P300 wave complex of the ERP, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and continuous performance test were used to measure neurocognitive performance. Results Healthy parents with ADHD offspring had significantly longer auditory P300 latency at Fz than control group. However, no significant differences were found in cognitive performance. Conclusion The presence of a subtle alteration in electro-neurophysiological activity without explicit neurocognitive dysfunction suggests potential candidate of biological marker for parents with ADHD offspring.
Mesoscale Influences of Wind Farms throughout a Diurnal Cycle

AbstractLarge wind farms are expected to influence local and regional atmospheric circulations. Using a mesoscale parameterization of the effects of wind farms that includes a momentum sink and a wind speed–dependent source of turbulent kinetic energy, simulations were carried out to quantify the impact of a wind farm on an atmospheric boundary layer throughout a diurnal cycle. The presence of a wind farm covering 10 km × 10 km is found to have a significant impact on the local atmospheric flow and on regions up to 60 km downwind at night. Daytime convective conditions show little impact of the wind farm on wind speeds, as the momentum deficits generated by the wind farm rapidly mix through the depth of the boundary layer. At night, the stable layer within the rotor area inhibits turbulent mixing of the momentum deficit, leading to a shallower wake and a greater reduction in the wind speed within the wake. Although a low-level jet forms at altitudes within the rotor area in the hours before dawn, it is co.
HLA antibodies in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

The negative impact of donor specific HLA alloantibodies in solid organ transplantation is well known and understood within the histocompatibility and immunogenetics community. However the influence of donor‐specific antibodies in the outcome of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is less well regarded. As donor choices have evolved from HLA matched siblings and extremely well matched unrelated donors to mismatched cord blood and haplo‐identical‐related donors, we are now identifying more patients with antibodies reactive against their donor mismatches. The clinical significance of the antibodies that can be detected has not yet been fully elucidated.