Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple sclerosis-associated virus-related pol sequences found both in multiple sclerosis and healthy donors are more frequently expressed in multiple sclerosis patients

In the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), both genetic and environmental factors play an important role. Among environmental factors, viral infections are most likely connected with the etiology of MS. There are many evidence suggesting possible involvement of retroviruses in the development of autoimmune diseases including MS. Multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus (MSRV) seems to be the important candidate for viral etiology of MS. The aim of the study was to analyze MSRV pol sequences in patients with MS. As control, groups of myasthenia gravis, Parkinson’s disease, and migraine patients, and healthy individuals have been studied. The MSRV pol sequences have been analyzed in RNA isolated from the serum and in DNA and RNA of peripheral blood lymphocytes from untreated MS patients and control groups. The MSRVpol sequences have been detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR technique, using specific oligonucleotide primers. In the serum RNA (cDNA), MSRV pol sequences have been identified in 31/32 MS patients. MSRV pol sequences were detected in serum cDNA of 9/17 myasthenia gravis patients, 7/16 Parkinson’s disease patients, 10/21 migraine patients, and 13/27 healthy individuals. MSRV pol sequences were observed also in RNA from lymphocytes of all MS patients, 12/17 myasthenia gravis patients, 9/16 Parkinson’s disease patients, 14/21 migraine patients, and 18/27 healthy donors. In the DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes of all studied patients and healthy individuals, MSRV pol sequences have been found. The observed pattern of fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals suggests the presence of multiple copies of MSRV pol sequences, most likely tandemly dispersed in the genome. It can be concluded that MSRV pol sequences are endogenous, widespread in lymphocytes DNA, and transcribed into RNA of MS patients as well as of other studied patients and healthy individuals. However, more frequent expression of MSRV sequences detected in lymphocytes RNA (cDNA), as well as their presence in higher frequency in the serum of MS patients, may suggest the involvement of MSRV in the etiopathogenesis on MS.
Phosphoinositides in the Flight Muscle of Periplaneta americana: Incorporation of Labelled Phosphate and Inositol

The content of phosphatidyli nositol phosphate (DPI) in the flight musculature of the cockroach Periplaneta americana was found to be 30 nmol g ' wet weight, that of phosphatidyli nositol-bis-phosphate (TPI) 6.5 nmol g_1 wet weight. After administration of 32P-orthophosphate in vivo, the specific radioactiv­ ity (S.A.) of arginine phosphate reaches a plateau after 2 hours and remains constant for the subsequent 22 hours. The S.A. of all phospholipid phosphates except the phosphate in position 5 of TPI rises during this time. The diesteric phosphate of DPI and TPI has lower S.A. than the diesteric phosphate of phosphatidylinositol (PI) after 2, 6 and 24 hours of incorporation in vivo. The phosphates in position 4 of DPI and TPI incorporate with identical rate, the phosphate in position 5 of TPI incorporates very rapidly during the first 6 hours and after 24 hours its S.A. decreases only half the value found after 6 hours. After administration of 3 H-myo-inositol, the S.A. rises in all three phosphoinositides with identical rates.
A MODEL FOR DEBATES

In anticipation of the US Presidential debate on Monday, September 26, 2016, let’s look at a mathematical model for debates, developed by Dickson, Hafer and Landa [1]. We begin by asking what is the purpose of debates? From the point of view of each candidate, it is, of course, to convince listeners to vote for him/her. Thus we should concentrate on listeners who have not yet decided for whom to vote. Why might they have not yet decided? There are at least two possible reasons: (1) a listener does not (yet) know for what each candidate stands, and (2) a listener does not (yet) know where s/he stands. This latter possibility perhaps sounds strange, so here’s an example from the current campaign:
Self-efficacy, outcome expectations and self-care behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan.

AIMS To explore differences in self-care behaviour according to demographic and illness characteristics; and relationships among self-care behaviour and demographic and illness characteristics, efficacy expectations and outcome expectations of people with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. BACKGROUND Most people with diabetes do not control their disease appropriately in Taiwan. Enhanced self-efficacy towards managing diseases can be an effective way of improving disease control as proposed by the self-efficacy model which provides a useful framework for understanding adherence to self-care behaviours. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample comprised 145 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30 years or more from diabetes outpatient clinics in Taipei. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire for this study. One-way anova, t-tests, Pearson product moment correlation and hierarchical regression were analysed for the study. RESULTS Significant differences were found: between self-care behaviour and complications (t = -2.52, p < 0.01) and patient education (t = -1.96, p < 0.05). Self-care behaviour was significantly and positively correlated with duration of diabetes (r = 0.36, p < 0.01), efficacy expectations (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and outcome expectations (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). A total of 39.1% of variance in self-care behaviour can be explained by duration of diabetes, efficacy expectations and outcome expectations. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the use of the self-efficacy model as a framework for understanding adherence to self-care behaviour. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Using self-efficacy theory when designing patient education interventions for people with type 2 diabetes will enhance self-management routines and assist in reducing major complications in the future.
Links between family structure and voting in Australia

Some of the features of the 2004 Australian federal election campaign and outcomes raise the possibility that we might have seen the beginnings of a divide in voting behaviour based on family structure, particularly those aspects related to the presence or absence of children. In the light of ongoing demographic trends (such as low fertility rates and growth in single person households) this would be plausible and the issue certainly justifies some further investigation. Relevant data from the 2004 Australian Election Study is quite limited, so I use data from both the 2004 AES and the 2003 Australian Survey of Social Attitudes to explore the extent to which family structure currently appears to be associated with federal voting.
Reorganization of human motor cortex after hand replantation

In 10 patients, reorganizational changes of the motor cortex contralateral to a replanted hand (MCreplant) were studied one to 14 years after complete traumatic amputation and consecutive successful replantation of the hand. The organizational state of MCreplant was assessed for the deafferentated and peripherally deefferentated hand‐associated motor cortex and the adjacent motor representation of the proximal arm. For this, response maps were established for the first dorsal interosseus and biceps brachii muscle using focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on a skull surface grid. Characteristics of the maps were center of gravity (COG), number of effective stimulation sites, amplitude sum, and amplitudes and response threshold at the optimal stimulation point. The COG is defined by the spatial distribution of response amplitudes on the map and lies over the cortex region with the most excitable corticospinal neurones supplying the recorded muscle. The COG of the biceps map in MCreplant was shifted laterally by 9.8 ± 3.6 mm (range 5.0–15.7 mm). The extension of the biceps map in MCreplant was increased and the responses were enlarged and had lowered thresholds. For the muscles of the replanted hand, the pattern of reorganization was different: Response amplitudes were enlarged but thresholds, COG, and area of the cortical response map were normal. The different reorganizational phenomena observed for the motor cortical areas supplying the replanted hand and the biceps brachii of the same arm may be influenced by a different extent of deafferentation and by their different role in hand motor control.
Subarctic Crustose Coralline Algae as Recorders of Past Climatic and Environmental Change

If unabated, the continued anthropogenic release of carbon dioxide is expected to lead to warming and acidification of ocean waters, with widespread and detrimental impacts on marine ecosystems. Proxy records stored in biomineralized shells and skeletons of long-lived paleoclimate archives are essential for understanding long-term climate variability previously unresolvable based on spatiotemporally limited observations. In this dissertation, geochemical and physical proxies from Clathromorphum spp. crustose coralline algae (CCA) are used for interpreting past climatic and environmental changes in the subarctic North Pacific and North
A numerical study on bubble dynamics in sinusoidal channels

In the present work, we investigate the dynamics of a bubble, rising inside a vertical sinusoidal wavy channel. We carry out a detailed numerical investigation using a dual grid level set method coupled with a finite volume based discretization of the Navier–Stokes equation. A detailed parametric investigation is carried out to identify the fate of the bubble as a function of Reynolds number, Bond number, and the amplitude of the channel wall and represented as a regime map. At a lower Reynolds number (high viscous force), we find negligible wobbling (path instability) in the dynamics of the bubble rise accompanied only with a change in shape of the bubble. However, at a higher Reynolds number, we observe an increase in the wobbling of the bubble due to the lowered viscous effects. Conversely, at a lower Bond number, we predict a stable rise of the bubble due to higher surface tension force. However, with a gradual increase in the Bond number, we predict a periodic oscillation which further tends to instigate the instability in the dynamics. With a further increase in the Bond number, a significant reduction in instability is found unlike a higher Reynolds number with only change in the shape of the bubble. At lower values of Reynolds numbers, Bond numbers, and channel wall amplitudes, the instability is discernible; however, with an increase in the channel wall amplitude, the bubble retains integrity due to higher surface tension force. At a higher Bond number and channel wall amplitude, a multiple breakup in the form of secondary bubbles is observed. We propose a correlation which manifests the average bubble rise velocity and the fluctuating velocity (due to channel waviness) as a function of Reynolds number, Bond number, and channel wall amplitude. Finally, we conclude that the bubble dynamics pertinent to the offset channels with varying amplitudes does not remain the same as that of the symmetric channel.
The Poly(A) Signal, without the Assistance of Any Downstream Element, Directs RNA Polymerase II to Pause in Vivo and Then to Release Stochastically from the Template*

Genes encoding polyadenylated mRNAs depend on their poly(A) signals for termination of transcription. Typically, transcription downstream of the poly(A) signal gradually declines to zero, but often there is a transient increase in polymerase density immediately preceding the decline. Special elements called pause sites are traditionally invoked to account for this increase. Using run-on transcription from the nuclei of transfected cells, we show that both the pause and the gradual decline that follow a poly(A) site are generated entirely by the poly(A) signal itself in a series of model constructs. We found no other elements to be involved and argue that the elements called pause sites do not function through pausing. Both the poly(A)-dependent pause and the subsequent decline occurred earlier for a stronger poly(A) signal than for a weaker one. Because the gradual decline resembles the abortive elongation that occurs downstream of many promoters, one model has proposed that the poly(A) signal flips the polymerase from the elongation mode to the abortive mode like a binary switch. We compared abortive elongators with poly(A) terminators and found a 4-fold difference in processivity. We conclude that poly(A) terminating polymerases do not merely revert to their prior state of low processivity but rather convert to a new termination-prone condition.
An Investigation Of Revaluations Of Tangible Long-Lived Assets

This paper documents the revaluation practice over a ten-year period from 1981 of a large sample of Australian firms and examines the association between these revaluations and stock market prices and returns. The analysis uses several different approaches in order to obtain a thorough understanding of the revaluation process in Australia. We include a description of hand-collected data from published financial statements, follow-up interviews with chief financial officers of the sample firms, and association tests between hand-collected accounting data and stock market measures. The possibility of revaluing long-lived assets to reflect market prices has been, and continues to be, controversial. Historically, part of the debate revolved around the issue of accounting for changing prices. For example, in the United States (U.S.), Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 33 (FASB [1979]) required supplementary information based on current cost (constant dollar) inventory and property, plant, and equipment. In the United Kingdom (U.K.), Statement of
Child Welfare Research and Training

In this response to David Stoesz’ critique, “The Child Welfare Cartel,” the authors agree that child welfare research and training must be improved. The authors disagree, however, with Stoesz’ critique of social work education, his assessment of the most-needed forms of child welfare research, and his depiction of the goals and activities of the National Child Welfare Workforce Institute (NCWWI). Rather than contributing to child welfare challenges and problems, the authors argue that the NCWWI is leading efforts to address the challenges.
Value Premium and Country Risk as Dimensions to Estimate Conditional Returns: a Study of the Brazilian Market

Asset pricing is a widely explored theme in the financial literature. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of value premium is still controversial, since although easily detected in developed and emerging markets, little is know about the economic forces that explain its existence. In this context, this article examines value premium in the Brazilian market and investigates the influence of the country risk variable as an additional risk factor for estimating conditional returns in this market not captured by value premium. For that, we employ a five-factor model, formulated by adding the country risk factor to the model of Carhart (1997). We apply the statistical procedure adopted by Fama & French (1993) to the period between 1994 and 2012, with data on nonfinancial companies listed on the BM&FBovespa. The results confirm the existence of value premium in the Brazilian market, and country risk and value premium together are significant factors to explain conditional returns.
Wistar rats subjected to chronic restraint stress display increased hippocampal spine density paralleled by increased expression levels of synaptic scaffolding proteins

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the previously reported effect of chronic restraint stress (CRS) on hippocampal neuron morphology and spine density is paralleled by a similar change in the expression levels of synaptic scaffolding proteins. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected either to CRS (6 h/day) for 21 days or to control conditions. The resulting brains were divided and one hemisphere was impregnated with Golgi-Cox before coronal sectioning and autometallographic development. Neurons from CA1, CA3b, CA3c, and dentate gyrus (DG) area were reconstructed and subjected to Sholl analysis and spine density estimation. The contralateral hippocampus was used for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein analysis of genes associated with spine density and morphology (the synaptic scaffolding proteins: Spinophilin, Homer1-3, and Shank1-3). In the CA3c area, CRS decreased the number of apical dendrites and their total length, whereas CA1 and DG spine density were significantly increased. Analysis of the contralateral hippocampal homogenate displayed an increased gene expression of Spinophilin, Homer1, Shank1, and Shank2 and increased protein expression of Spinophilin and Homer1 in the CRS animals. In conclusion, CRS influences hippocampal neuroplasticity by modulation of dendrite branching pattern and spine density paralleled by increased expression levels of synaptic scaffolding proteins.
The effects of environmental and luxury beliefs on intention to patronize green hotels: the moderating effect of destination image

Recent research has demonstrated a disconnect between environmental beliefs and behavior when it comes to the consumption of hospitality products. Unfortunately, while many consumers believe that hotels should engage in green practices, there is mounting evidence that such beliefs do not necessarily translate into actual purchases of sustainable products. The purpose of this research is to examine this issue by developing an integrated framework establishing the relationships among the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors associated with the consumption of the green hotel product. In particular, we are concerned with the effects of consumers' beliefs regarding the luxury-based trade-offs associated with staying in green hotels. Additionally, we seek to establish the role of destination image as a determinant of the relationships specified in the proposed nomology. The results support our overall hypothesis that the established disconnect between environmental values and sustainable hospitality consumption behavior is at least partially attributable to the cognitive evaluation of the attributes of the hotel's destination. Specifically, our results show that, while the belief that green hotels are less luxurious translates to unfavorable attitudes toward green hotels in urban tourism destinations, this relationship does not occur in nature-based tourism destinations.
Changes in Biomechanical Strain and Morphology of Rat Calvarial Sutures and Bone After Tgf‐β3 Inhibition of Posterior Interfrontal Suture Fusion

Craniofacial sutures are bone growth fronts that respond and adapt to biomechanical environments. Little is known of the role sutures play in regulating the skull biomechanical environment during patency and fusion conditions, especially how delayed or premature suture fusion will impact skull biomechanics. Tgf‐β3 has been shown to prevent or delay suture fusion over the short term in rat skulls, yet the long‐term patency or its consequences in treated sutures is not known. It was therefore hypothesized that Tgf‐β3 had a long‐term impact to prevent suture fusion and thus alter the skull biomechanics. In this study, collagen gels containing 3 ng Tgf‐β3 were surgically placed superficial to the posterior interfrontal suture (IFS) and deep to the periosteum in postnatal day 9 (P9) rats. At P9, P24, and P70, biting forces and strains over left parietal bone, posterior IFS, and sagittal suture were measured with masticatory muscles bilaterally stimulated, after which the rats were sacrificed and suture patency analyzed histologically. Results demonstrated that Tgf‐β3 treated sutures showed less fusion over time than control groups, and strain patterns in the skulls of the Tgf‐β3‐treated group were different from that of the control group. Although bite force increased with age, no alterations in bite force were attributable to Tgf‐β3 treatment. These findings suggest that the continued presence of patent sutures can affect strain patterns, perhaps when higher bite forces are present as in adult animals. Anat Rec,, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Segmental Contributions to Speech Intelligibility in Nonconcatenative vs. Concatenative Languages

morpheme that does not form a lexical unit on its own to be accessed, and partially because the root is distributed over and split by the vocalic pattern, which makes stripping one from the other unclear. Using the priming technique, Bentin and Feldman (1990) sought evidence, from Hebrew, for the contribution of morphological (and semantic) relatedness effects to repetition priming, known as the “morphological repetition effect”. The morphological repetition effect is the facilitation, shown by short reaction time and/or low error rate, that occurs when the prime and target both retain the morphological stem. For example, in English, the word “repay” primes the morphologically related “payment”. This effect was also found in other languages such as Serbo-Croatian (Feldman & Moskovljević, 1987) such that the morphological repetition effect persists in long lags while semantic relatedness decays in short lags. Such findings motivated researchers such as Bentin and Feldman (1990) to examine the relative contribution of morphological vs. semantic relatedness to word recognition in Hebrew as a Semitic language. Using nonwords and Hebrew words that are morphologically related (i.e., sharing a root), semantically related (i.e., sharing meaning but from different roots),
DTN-Based Nanosatellite Architecture and Hot Spot Selection Algorithm for Remote Areas Connection

To extend the network coverage to rural and remote areas, there are different solutions with their advantages and disadvantages. We propose to use a nanosatellite network and to exploit the ability to cope with large delays and disruptions provided by the delay- and disruption-tolerant networking (DTN) paradigm. The connection from remote areas is managed through ground stations called cold spots that collect data from rural nodes and address them to the nanosatellites. Nanosatellites carry and download data to hot spots that address them to the Internet destinations. On the reverse direction, Internet data are addressed to hot spots, uploaded on nanosatellites and delivered to the rural destinations through cold spots. The problem of choosing the “optimal’’ hot spot to address data from the Internet source is important because a wrong choice could lead to large delivery delays. In this paper, we propose “gRANteD’’: a Nanosatellite-DTN Network for rural and remote areas. gRANteD includes “HotSel,’’ a hot spot selection algorithm to minimize the delivery time of all data destined to rural users. The performance evaluation is carried out through a DTN module which implements gRANteD and HotSel, within the framework of Network Simulator 3.