Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human leukocyte antigen identity and DQ risk alleles in autoantibody-positive siblings of children with IDDM are associated with reduced early insulin response. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group.

To investigate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated genetic factors and the development of beta-cell dysfunction, we performed sequential intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) on 81 islet cell antibody (ICA)-positive and/or insulin autoantibody-positive healthy siblings of children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A lower glucose disappearance rate (Kg) (P < 0.5) and decreased first-phase insulin response (FPIR) (P < 0.05) were observed on multiple occasions in HLA-identical siblings compared with the haploidentical or nonidentical ones. Siblings carrying the DQB1*0302/0201, -0302/x, or -0201/x genotype also had lower FPIRs (P < or = 0.05) at several time points than those with no DQB1 risk genotype. When all IVGTTs were taken into account, DQB1*0302/0201 heterozygous siblings had an abnormally low FPIR (< 45 mU/l; 3rd percentile) in at least one test more often than did siblings with no DQB1 risk genotype (50.0% vs. 6.1%; P = 0.001). Siblings carrying either the DQB1*0602 or the DQB1*0603 protective allele had lower serum peak ICA and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65 antibody levels (P = 0.023 and 0.007, respectively) and higher FPIRs on several occasions (P < 0.05) than those with the DQB1 risk genotypes. Progression to IDDM was related to both HLA identity and the presence of the DQB1*0302/0201 genotype. Normal Kg and FPIR levels were observed in siblings who were positive for only insulin autoantibody, and none of them developed IDDM. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Does Credit Risk Impact Liquidity Risk? Evidence from Credit Default Swap Markets

During the recent financial crisis that erupted in mid-2007, credit default swap spreads increased by several hundred basis points, accompanied by a liquidity shortage in the U.S. financial sector. This period has both evidenced the importance that liquidity has for investors and underlined the need to understand the linkages between credit markets and liquidity. This paper sheds light on the dynamic interactions between credit and liquidity risk in the credit default swap market. Contrary to the common belief that illiquidity leads to a credit risk deterioration in financial markets, it is found that in a sample of German and Swiss companies, credit risk is more likely to be weakly endogenous for liquidity risk than vice versa. The results suggest that a negative credit shock typically leads to a subsequent liquidity shortage in the credit default swap market, in the spirit of, for instance, the liquidity spiral posited by Brunnermaier (2009), and extends our knowledge about how credit markets work, as it helps to explain the amplification mechanisms that severely aggravated the recent crisis and also indicates which macro-prudential policies would be suitable for preventing a similar financial crisis in the future.
Intracranial mycotic aneurysms and subacute bacterial endocarditis in heroin addiction

H An increasing incidence of systemic infection has been reported as a complication o f the intravenous self-administration of narcotics. particularly in heroin addicts. '-; This includes subacute bacterial endocardi t is , which is one o f the most serious complications in habitual heroin users. The clinical featuresXI " and neurologic complications"of subacute bacterial endocarditis are well known. The development of both extracranial and intracranial mycotic aneurysms is a recognized feature of this disease, although the aneurysms usually are regarded as an infrequent finding. In the 385 cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis reported by Jones, Siekert and Geroci," I10 patients had neurologic complications but only three were reported to have mycotic aneurysms. Kernohan, Woltman and Barnes':' reported on the neuropathologic changes in 42 patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis, 21 of whom had neuropsychiatric disturbances, and found n o inycotic aneurysms. T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f s u b a r a c h n o i d hemorrhage also has been recognized as a complicat ion of heroin addic t ion . T h e pathologic concomitant has been attributed to a n e c r o t i z i n g a n g i i t i s ; s u b a r a c h n o i d h e m o r r hage asso c i a ted with m yco t i c aneurysms in heroin addicts has not been reported. The purpose of this paper is to d e s c r i b e t w o cases o f s u b a r a c h n o i d hemorrhage associated with multiple intracranial mycotic aneurysms in heroin addicts in whom subacute bacterial endocarditis had developed. The aneurysms were shown by angiography in both cases, enabling an accurate diagnosis o f the condition during life. Case reports Cusr I . A 23 year old man was hospitalized i n November 1971 complaining of the sudden onset of severe frontal headache, diplopia and vomiting. He had had rheumatic fever with severe and multiple ar thralgia at the age o f five. The condition recurred at age 15 and a grade 2/h apical systolic murmur was
Extraction of probabilistic route information representations from human-robot dialogs

This thesis addresses methods that enable robots to extract missing route knowledge by asking humans for directions. Guidelines for human-robot dialogs are derived from linguistic principles relevant to direction-inquiry and implemented in a dialog system. As route information is usually simplified and distorted, probabilistic models of individual route information are developed. Finally, a system is developed that allows robots to reason about different route descriptions. Route descriptions are represented as graphs and evaluated for plausibility by pattern matching and route similarity assessment. Reasonable route information is included in the route belief of the robot, while conflicting information is inquired about if necessary. All methods are evaluated experimentally with collected data or by human participants.
[Free amino acids in plasma and milk of mexican rural lactating women].

OBJECTIVE To determine the free amino acid pool in plasma and milk in Mexican rural lactating women. METHODS Twenty-eight women with an age 24 +/- 5.0 (+/- SD) years, weight 50 +/- 4.9 kg and height 148 +/- 4.8 cm were studied under metabolic balance conditions. Subjects were divided into five groups (three groups of lactation at 1st, 3rd and 6th month, one post-weaning group and a control group of non pregnant, non lactating women). Amino acid analyses of the diet and of plasma and milk samples were performed using an automated amino acid analyzer. RESULTS Differences were observed between the lactation groups and the other groups: aspartate increased at the 6th month (p < 0.05) while leucine, valine and isoleucine declined in the 3rd month (p < 0.05). In milk, valine, proline and taurine decreased at 6 months (p < 0.05), while serine and threonine raised at 3 months. Plasma levels were > 4 fold greater than milk levels for branched chain amino acids and for the basic, aromatic and neutral amino acids. In contrast, glutamate was 40 fold higher in milk than plasma and it was the predominant amino acid in the free pool of milk. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the metabolic use of amino acids and the presence of specific amino acid transport systems during lactation, contribute to specific concentrations of free amino acids in milk that were not associated with the pool of free amino acids in plasma.
Continuous Right Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume ( CEDV ) Measurements in Surgical Patients

The critically ill post-surgical or traumatically injured patient presents a significant challenge for the intensivist due to the presence of changes in ventricular compliance and increases in intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressure. Accurate assessment and effective resuscitation of these patients commonly requires the use of advanced hemodynamic calculations and monitoring such as is afforded by insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter. Traditional estimates of intravascular volume status, such as pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) and central venous pressure (CVP), have been widely shown to correlate poorly with changes in cardiac output in the critically ill. Volumetric measurements of preload, such as the right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI), are superior to PAOP and CVP in assessing preload status and can predict patient outcome. The recent introduction of continuous end-diastolic volume (CEDV) measurements provides the clinician with previously unavailable information and insight into the complex and constantly changing hemodynamic response of patients to critical illness. Volumetric pulmonary artery catheters and RVEDVI / CEDV measurements should be utilized in the critically ill surgical patient who requires invasive hemodynamic monitoring.
NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND The free-radical-trapping agent NXY-059 showed promise as a neuroprotectant in the Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment I (SAINT I) trial, reducing disability when given to patients who had acute ischemic stroke. We sought confirmation of efficacy in a second, larger trial. METHODS We enrolled 3306 patients with acute ischemic stroke in a randomized, double-blind trial to receive a 72-hour infusion of intravenous NXY-059 or placebo within 6 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms. Our primary end point was the distribution of disability scores on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days. We examined scores on neurologic and activities-of-daily-living scales as secondary end points. We also tested the hypothesis that NXY-059 would reduce alteplase-related intracranial hemorrhages. RESULTS The efficacy analysis was based on 3195 patients. Prognostic factors were well balanced between the treatment groups. Mortality was equal in the two groups, and adverse-event rates were similar. The distribution of scores on the modified Rankin scale did not differ between the group treated with NXY-059 (1588 patients) and the placebo group (1607 patients; P=0.33 by the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test; odds ratio for limiting disability, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.06). Analysis of categorized scores on the modified Rankin scale confirmed the lack of benefit: the odds ratio for trichotomization into modified Rankin scale scores of 0 to 1 versus 2 to 3 versus 4 to 6 was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.80 to 1.06). There was no evidence of efficacy for any of the secondary end points. Among patients treated with alteplase, there was no difference between the NXY-059 group and the placebo group in the frequency of symptomatic or asymptomatic hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS NXY-059 is ineffective for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke within 6 hours after the onset of symptoms. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00061022 [ClinicalTrials.gov].)
A syndrome of anaemia, immunodeficiency and peripheral ganglionopathy in Fell pony foals

Fell pony foals developed a syndrome of anaemia, immunodeficiency and peripheral ganglionopathy. They became ill in the second or third week, and died in the second or third month of life. Clinical and pathological investigations revealed severe anaemia associated with small numbers of late erythroid precursors in bone marrow, small thymi, an absence of secondary lymphoid follicles, a lack of plasma cells and neuronal chromatolysis involving trigeminal, cranial mesenteric and dorsal root ganglia. Some of the foals had cryptosporidial enteritis and adenoviral bronchopneumonia and pancreatitis. The clinical and pathological findings were compatible with an intrinsic defect.
Indirect Spinal Canal Decompression in Burst Fractures Treated With Pedicle Screw Instrumentation

Study Design. Prospective evaluation of spinal canal areas in 67 consecutive burst fractures between T12 and L2 treated by reduction and stabilization with a pedicle fixator. Objectives. Assessment of the efficacy of “indirect” spinal canal decompression in a large series of burst fractures. Summary of Background Data. Up to 50% of burst fractures cause neurologic impairment. Reduction and posterior instrumentation is the most common surgical treatment. This also reduces spinal canal encroachment by indirect decompression. No consensus exists as to the consistency and adequacy of such indirect decompression. Methods. Spinal canal areas were measured on pre‐operative and postoperative computed tomography scans. The degree of encroachment was compared with clinical and radiographic variables for possible correlation. Results. Spinal canal encroachment was more severe among patients with neurologic deficits than among the neurologically intact. Postoperatively, mean encroachment was reduced from 35% to 12% at T12, from 37% to 17% at L1, and from 52% to 35% at L2. Loss (and postoperative restoration) of anterior vertebral height correlated best with the degree of canal encroachment (and its reduction), especially in Denis Type A burst fractures. In Denis Type B fractures, canal compromise usually was less severe and fragment reduction better in patients older than 40 years of age than in younger patients. Conclusions. Indirect decompression in burst fractures averages about half of the preexisting encroachment. Results are usually better at T12 and L1 than at L2. Additional or secondary decompression is rarely indicated if these fractures are treated early and by experienced surgeons. Burst Type B fractures in patients older versus younger than 40 years of age differ in many respects.
p34cdc2 is located in both nucleus and cytoplasm; part is centrosomally associated at G2/M and enters vesicles at anaphase.

The cdc2+ gene product p34cdc2 is located immunocytochemically in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of human cells. It is uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm and is irregularly distributed in the nucleus. Part of p34cdc2 is associated with the centrosome and centrosomal staining increases late in the cell cycle and at the onset of mitosis. This distribution is corroborated by cell fractionation which also indicates that slower migrating forms of p34cdc2 are found in isolated centrosomes and in Triton‐insoluble fractions. We propose that one role of the p34cdc2 protein kinase is to modify the centrosome bringing about formation of the mitotic spindle. At anaphase p34cdc2 becomes associated with vesicles in the middle of the cell between the reforming nuclei. A similar location is found for p13suc1 and we suggest that the vesicular localization plays a role in p34cdc2 kinase inactivation at the end of mitosis.
Increased uptake of iodide by hormone‐responsive compared to hormone‐independent mammary tumors in GR mice

The uptake of 125‐iodide by transplanted hormone‐responsive (HR) or hormone‐independent (HI) mammary tumors, normal mammary tissue and skeletal muscle was compared in GR mice. The uptake of 125‐iodide by HR mammary tumors in mice treated with progesterone and oestrone (P+O) was about 20 times greater than the uptake of 125‐iodide by HI mammary tumors in mice not treated with P+O. This difference in uptake of 125‐iodide by HR and HI mammary tumors could not be attributed to the difference in the hormonal status of the mice since uptake of 125‐iodide was also low in HI tumors in mice receiving P+O treatment. The uptake of 125‐iodide by HR mammary tumors was greatly reduced by the simultaneous injection of either an excess of non‐radioactive iodide or of perchlorate. Uptake of 125‐iodide by normal mammary tissue and skeletal muscle was similar in all groups of tumor‐bearing mice, and was not influenced by the presence of an excess of non‐radioactive iodide or of perchlorate. The possible clinical significance of these findings is discussed.
Sediment transport mechanisms on soil-mantled hillslopes

Landscape evolution is modeled widely using a simple creep law for complex processes of sediment transport. Here, field data show how a new transport model, combined with an exponential soil production law, better captures spatial variations of soil thick- ness on hillslopes. We combine parameterizations of simple and depth-dependent creep with overland flow to predict soil thickness and suggest how soil distribution evolves in response to climatic and tectonic forcing. We present an empirical expression for the response time of the system to external forcing that shows strong dependence on relief and is independent of soil production rate. We suggest that this parameterization may be used to quantify upland carbon storage and removal and predict impacts of defor- estation or rapid climatic changes.
Hypnosis in the treatment of phobias: a review of the literature.

Abstract The literature on the use of hypnosis in the treatment of phobias was reviewed. Case reports and controlled studies indicated mixed results, which were discussed in terms of methodological considerations, the overlap between hypnotherapy and behavior therapy, and hypnotic susceptibility and phobic behavior. It was concluded that hypnosis is an effective and efficient adjunct in the treatment of phobias.
Association of Hyperreflective Foci Present in Early Forms of Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Known Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk Polymorphisms.

PURPOSE We evaluated the association of hyperreflective foci (HF) observed in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with known AMD risk alleles. METHODS In this pilot case-control study, HF were defined as lesions with reflectivity equal or higher than the retinal pigment epithelium band in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). Hyperreflective foci in the outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor complex were evaluated in 518 individuals with early and intermediate AMD. Definite presence of HF was defined as at least 10 HF in all SDOCT scans. Genotyping was performed for 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Associations between AMD severity stages, HF, and SNPs were determined by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Hyperreflective foci (n ≥ 10) were significantly associated with AMD severity and the association was strongest with intermediate AMD (odds ratio [OR], 8.45; P = 1.092*10-8). Independently, HF showed associations with ARMS2 rs104909/HtRA1 rs11200638 (OR, 1.64; P = 0.017), CFH rs1061170 (OR, 1.70; P = 0.011), and APOE4/TOMM40 rs2075650 (OR, 2.26; P = 0.005) variants. Within the group of intermediate AMD, associations were similar (ARMS2 rs104909/HtRA1 rs11200638 OR, 1.79, P = 0.010; CFH rs1061170 OR, 1.77, P = 0.013; APOE4/TOMM40 rs2075650 OR, 1.98; P = 0.034) and showed additional trending associations with VEGFA rs943080 variant (OR, 0.59; P = 0.024). After Bonferroni-correction for 22 SNPs, none of the associations was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.0023). CONCLUSIONS The presence of HF is related to AMD severity. Despite limited power of this pilot study, our results suggest an association of HF with polymorphisms in ARMS2/HTRA1, CFH, APOE4/TOMM40, and VEGFA genes which could be triggered by modification of the extracellular matrix, altered complement system or lipid metabolism.
The Case for Nil Votes: Voter Behavior Under Asymmetric Information in Compulsory and Voluntary Voting Systems

In an informational voting environment, we study the impact of an explicit nil vote option on the ballot when some voters are uninformed and face the swing voters curse. We postulate a simple model of strategic voting in which voters entertain heterogeneous thresholds on legitimacy of different voting actions. We predict that introducing a nil vote option reduces the number of uninformed and invalid votes, increasing expected welfare in both voluntary and compulsory voting. We test our model in a pen-and-paper laboratory experiment, and find that the predictions of the model hold in the data, for both voting systems.
Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Patients with Non-Diagnostic CT in the Post-Acute Phase of Cerebral Ischemia

Background: Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) is the imaging technique used in acute stroke. In some cases it is unable to detect damage even 24–48 h after symptom onset. The aim of our work was to evaluate the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the post-acute phase of cerebral ischemia in patients in whom CT did not yield a definitive diagnosis. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated DWI findings in 214 patients, out of a series of 1,680 patients admitted to our hospital following the acute onset of focal neurological symptoms, in whom non-contrast CT, performed within 30 h of symptom onset, was normal (123), incongruous, i.e. a marked hypodensity indicative of an old infarct or a slight hypodensity not consistent with the clinical findings (66), or leukoaraiotic, i.e. diffuse chronic hypodensities in the periventricular white matter (25). Results: DWI showed signs of recent brain ischemia in 125/214 (58%) patients: 64/123 (52%) with a normal CT, 41/66 (62%) with an incongruous CT, and 20/25 (80%) with leukoaraiosis (p = 0.027). Multiple lesions were detected in 16/125 (16%) patients, while single lesions were ≤2 cm in 83/109 (76%) cases. DWI showed signs of ischemia in 22/91 (24%) patients with TIA and in 103/123 (84%) patients with stroke (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: In a quite high proportion of patients with recent symptoms of transient ischemic attack/ischemic stroke and a repeat non-diagnostic CT, DWI may help in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke and in shedding light on the underlying pathogenic mechanism.
Review: Femoroacetabular Impingement

The etiology of hip pain in an older adult is frequently from osteoarthritis (OA), and the etiology of OA is generally either “wear and tear” or idiopathic. Hip OA can also result from morphometric abnormalities of the hip, including congenital hip dislocation, LeggCalvé-Perthes disease, and slipped capital femoral epiphysis. However, research over the past 15 years has found that idiopathic hip OA may be due to more subtle abnormalities of the proximal femur and acetabulum (1–3) that can lead to premature degeneration of the hip joint. Over time, these morphometric abnormalities can put stress on the hip joint, and the clinical syndrome of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) can develop. The review criteria for this article included searching the Institute for Scientific Information and PubMed databases for published original and review articles related to FAI. Search terms included FAI in combination with cam impingement, pincer deformity, epidemiology, imaging, and treatments both nonsurgical and surgical. The citations from these articles were used to identify other articles.