Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERMITTENCY AND MULTIFRACTALITY SPECTRA OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS

We present the results of a study of intermittency and multifractality of magnetic structures in solar active regions (ARs). Line-of-sight magnetograms for 214 ARs of different flare productivity observed at the center of the solar disk from 1997 January until 2006 December are utilized. Data from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory operating in the high resolution mode, the Big Bear Solar Observatory digital magnetograph, and the Hinode SOT/SP instrument were used. Intermittency spectra were derived from high-order structure functions and flatness functions. The flatness function exponent is a measure of the degree of intermittency. We found that the flatness function exponent at scales below approximately 10 Mm is correlated with flare productivity (the correlation coefficient is −0.63). The Hinode data show that the intermittency regime is extended toward small scales (below 2 Mm) as compared to the MDI data. The spectra of multifractality, derived from the structure functions and flatness functions, are found to be broader for ARs of higher flare productivity as compared to those of low flare productivity. The magnetic structure of high-flaring ARs consists of a voluminous set of monofractals, and this set is much richer than that for low-flaring ARs. The results indicate the relevance of the multifractal organization of the photospheric magnetic fields to the flaring activity. The strong intermittency observed in complex and high-flaring ARs is a hint that we observe a photospheric imprint of enhanced sub-photospheric dynamics.
Food Safety Training Requirements and Food Handlers' Knowledge and

A peer-reviewed article SUMMARY Very little research has evaluated how different types of food safety training requirements in foodservice establishments affect food handlers' performance. Foodservice employees (n = 242) from randomly selected restaurants from three Midwestern states within a 300-mile radius of the research institution completed a survey to assess their food safety knowledge and important behavioral antecedents (e.g., attitudes, intentions) related to food safety. Employees' compliance with three important food safety behaviors (handwashing, use of thermometers, and proper handling of food and work surfaces) was observed. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two alternative food safety training requirements by comparing knowledge, behavioral antecedents, and behavioral compliance rates between two groups of food handlers: a group from restaurants in which food safety training is mandatory for all food handlers and a group from restaurants in which only shift managers must be knowledgeable about food safety. Mandating training for all food handlers was associated with improved compliance with some food safety behaviors; however, requiring that shift managers be knowledgeable about food safety appears to contribute similarly to employees' knowledge, behavioral antecedents, and compliance with regard to the three important food safety behaviors observed.
A Structural Approach to Financial Stability: On the Beneficial Role of Regulatory Governance

This paper examines whether the governance of regulatory agencies – regulatory governance – is positively related to financial sector soundness. We model regulatory governance and financial stability as latent variables, using a structural equation modeling approach. We include a broad range of variables potentially relevant to financial stability, employing aggregate regulatory, banking and financial, macroeconomic and institutional environment data for a sample of 55 countries over a period from 2001 to 2005. Given the growing importance of macro-prudential analysis, we use the IMF’s financial soundness indicators, a relatively new body of economic statistics which focuses on the banking sector as a whole. Our empirical evidence indicates that regulatory governance has a beneficial influence on financial stability. Thus, our findings support the view that the improvement of regulatory governance arrangements should be a building block of financial reform.
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED USE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NITROGEN SOURCES ON WHEAT YIELD

The integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield of wheat was evaluated in a field experiment at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar during December 2004 to May 2005. The organic sources used were farmyard manure, poultry manure and city waste. These were integrated in different proportions with mineral nitrogenous fertilizer to supply 120 kg N ha -1 N. All the organic fertilizers were applied at sowing time and mineral fertilizer (urea) was applied in three splitter sowing, tillering and booting stages in equal amount. The results showed that integrated use in different proportion increased the plant height, spike length, grain per spike and 1000-grain weight. Maximum grain yield of 3.5 tha -1 was obtained from treatments where 25% N was applied from FYM 25% N from poultry manure or city waste and 50% from mineral source and in treatment where25% N was applied from F YM, 25% from city waste and 50% from mineral fertilizer. Application of half N from urea with 25% N from either FYM and 25% poultry manure or city waste proved beneficial and reduced 50% fertilizer cost.
Using gene networks to identify genes and pathways involved in milk production traits in Polish Holstein dairy cattle

When analyzing phenotypes undergoing a complex mode of inheritance, it is of great interest to switch the scope from single genes to gene pathways, which form better defined functional units. We used gene networks to search for physiological processes and underlying genes responsible for complex traits recorded in dairy cattle. Major problems addressed included loss of information from multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within or close to the same gene, ignoring information on linkage disequilibrium and validation of the obtained gene network. 2601 bulls genotyped by the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip were used. SNP effects were estimated using a mixed model, then underlying gene effects were estimated and tested for significance, subsequently a gene network was constructed and the functional information represented by the network was retrieved. The networks were validated by repeating the above-mentioned analyses after permutation of bulls’ pseudophenotypes. Effects of 4345 genes were estimated, what makes 16.4% of all genes mapped to the UMD3.1 reference genome. Assuming the maximum 10% type I error rate, for milk yield 50 different gene ontology (GO) terms and three pathways defined by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were significantly overrepresented in the real data as compared to the permuted data sets, while for fat yield nine of the GO terms were significantly overrepresented in the real data network, although none of the KEGG pathways reached the significance level. In turn, for protein yield 28 of the GO terms and six KEGG pathways were significantly overrepresented in the real data. Based on the physiological information we identified sets of loci involved in the determination of milk yield (224 genes), fat yield (72 genes), and protein yield (546 genes). Among the genes some have large effects and have already been reported in previous studies, whereas some others represent novel discoveries and thus most probably genes with medium or small effects on trait variation.
Impacts of intervention objectives in goat production within subsistence farming systems in South Africa

The aims of this research were to study goat production in the rural areas of South Africa and to explore the impact of intervention objectives, namely an increase in kidding percentage and a decrease in kid losses (mortalities, theft and predation) on goat production in subsistence farming systems. A personal interview survey was conducted in three communities in South Africa, namely Jericho (Northwest Province), Bolahlakgomo (Northern Province) and Schoonoord (Northern Province). In each community, traditional purposes and meat consumption were important reasons for keeping goats. Other reasons mentioned were used to characterise the systems and were commercially-orientated in Jericho, social reasons in Bolahlakgomo and of a supportive nature in Schoonoord. The average herd size was 16.2 animals in Jericho, 7.7 animals in Bolahlakgomo and 40.1 animals in Schoonoord. The most important expenses incurred were for veterinary products, while that for feed and veterinary services were relatively low. Most important outputs included the slaughter for home consumption, sale of live animals and ceremonial uses. Mortalities were similar in the three communities; theft was high in Jericho and predation was high in Bolahlakgomo. Economic values based on gross margin calculations were R864 in Jericho, R382 in Bolahlakgomo and R1, 569 in Schoonoord. Intervention objectives yielded economic values of R1, 887 in Jericho and R934 in Bolahlakgomo. No intervention objectives were proposed for Schoonoord. From this research it is concluded that intervention objectives have different outcomes in different communities. The success of commercialisation of livestock production in general is based on the location of the community, accessibility of knowledge and markets, and production goals of the household. South African Journal of Animal Science Vol.32(3) 2002: 185-191
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF LONGSHORE TRANSPORT ALONG GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA

Spatial and temporal variability of longshore transport potential for a 35-km stretch of sandy coastline on the east coast of Australia is examined using a 25-year data set. Six-hourly offshore wave data is binned into yearly wave classes using a global k-means algorithm that accounts for wave height, period, and direction simultaneously. Wave class estimates are shoaled into the nearshore using MIKE 21 Spectral Wave (SW) model. Longshore transport is calculated using the formulas of Kamphuis (1991; 2002) and Bayram et al. (2007) and show good agreement with previously published estimates for the Gold Coast, suggesting the wave classification scheme sufficiently represents the variability in yearly wave data. Results show large temporal and spatial variability of transport potential along the coastline. Spatial variation is attributed to shoreline orientation and wave exposure, while temporal variability is significantly correlated with variations in the Southern Oscillation Index.
Clinicopathological Investigation of Foot and Mouth Disease and Serotype Identification of the Viruses in Cattle of Bangladesh

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of farm animals. This study was aimed to identify symptoms, characteristics pathology and viral serotypes involved in infected cattle of Bangladesh. Dominant signs observed were salivation, vesicular eruption, lameness and maggot infestations in 66%, 80%, 36% and 14% cattle respectively. Out of 202 infected cattle investigated, 35 were below six months of age. A total of 18 young calves and 8 adult cattle were died due to FMD. Seven young calves and two adult cattle were examined at necropsy, 'Tiger heart disease' was commonly seen both in the young and adult cattle. The 'currant jelly clot' was common in the atrium, ventricles, aorta and veins of the heart of adult cattle. Congested and consolidated lungs, atrophied spleen, and fibrosed udder were grossly seen in the infected and dead cattle. Microscopically, hyalinization of cardiac muscle in young calf and degeneration, necrosis and multifocal lymphocytic infiltration in heart muscle were suggestive for infectivity due to FMD viruses. There were bronchiolitis, pulmonary emphysema, interstitial pneumonia and thickening of interlobular septa of lungs. Cattle survived from the acute infection developed respiratory distress in 15% cattle. Out of 202 samples tested in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 187 samples found to generate positive amplicons. Single infectivity due to FMD viral Serotypes O, A and Asia 1 were seen in 115 (62%), 26 (14%) and 34 (18%) cases, respectively. Seven cattle were co-infected with FMD viral Serotypes O and Asia 1 and four with FMD viral Serotypes O and A. FMD viral serotype O was dominating in cattle all over the country and was related to death of infected young and adult cattle. Cardiac myonecrosis and respiratory failure were the dominant lesions may be related to death of infected animals.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Two Indian Medicinal Plants

Adhatoda vasica Nees and Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers are the two important medicinal plants native to India. The aqueous leaf extracts of these two plants have been analysed for their free radical-scavenging activity in different in vitro systems, e.g. DPPH radical-scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity in Fe 3+ /ascorbate/EDTA/H 2 O 2 system , inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO 4 in egg yolk, metal chelating activity. The free radical scavenging activities were compared with standard antioxidants like butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), ascorbic acid and EDTA. Total antioxidant activity was measured, based on the reduction of Mo (VI) to Mo(V) by the extract and subsequent formation of green phosphate/Mo(V) complex at acid pH and reducing power by Fe 3+ - Fe 2+ transformation in the presence of extracts . The content of total phenolics (expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents/gm) and total flavonoids (expressed as mg of quercetin equivalent/gm) and ascorbic acid were determined along with antioxidant enzymes. The results indicated that A. vasica and S. grandiflora showed significant antioxidant activity in vitro . The enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants in A. vasica were found to be more than that of S. grandiflora , similarly the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of A. vasica were found to be more significant than S. grandiflora .
Accelerating Preschoolers’ Content Vocabulary: Designing a Shared Book Intervention in Collaboration With Teachers

The purpose of this three-year investigation was to develop an 18-week shared book reading intervention guided by teacher feedback on instructional practices, including the design and delivery features from the shared book reading and vocabulary research that could be effectively implemented by preschool teachers to accelerate children’s content vocabulary knowledge as researchers implemented a design experiment. To date, this methodology has been implemented in the design of few preschool vocabulary curricula. Thus, the results of this study contribute to the theoretical understanding of the feasibility of instructional practices that intensify typical shared book reading practices.
Risk-averse and Risk-seeking Investor Preferences for Oil Spot and Futures

This paper examines risk-averse and risk-seeking investor preferences for oil spot and futures prices by using the mean-variance (MV) criterion and stochastic dominance (SD) approach. The MV findings cannot distinguish between the preferences of spot and futures markets. However, the SD tests show that spot dominates futures in the downside risk, while futures dominate spot in the upside profit. On the other hand, the SD findings suggest that spot dominates futures in downside risk, while futures dominate spot in upside profit. Risk-averse investors prefer investing in the spot index. Risk seekers are attracted to the futures index to maximize their expected utility but not expected wealth in the entire period, as well as for both the OPEC and Iraq War sub-periods. The SD findings show that there is no arbitrage opportunity between the spot and futures markets, and these markets are not rejected as being efficient.
Physical processes controlling ice concentrations in synoptically forced, midlatitude cirrus

Numerical simulations and airborne measurements are used to evaluate the impact of physical processes on synoptically forced, midlatitude cirrus ice concentrations. The agreement within a factor of 2 between ice concentrations measured with independent techniques (replicators and optical imaging probes) provides confidence in the accuracy of the in situ measurements. We use a computationally efficient modeling approach that incorporates the key cirrus physical processes, such that thousands of cloud cases can be simulated and the model results can be statistically compared with observations. One‐dimensional simulations with detailed treatments of cloud microphysical processes are driven by temperatures and vertical winds extracted from meteorological analyses. Small‐scale temperature and vertical wind perturbations associated with mesoscale waves are superimposed on the analysis fields. We find that in simulations with only homogeneous freezing nucleation, ice concentration statistics are very sensitive to the specified mesoscale wave vertical wind perturbations. With the frequency distribution of vertical winds adjusted to agree with aircraft observations, we obtain good agreement between the simulated and observed ice concentration frequency distributions. Both the observations and simulations indicate that relatively high ice concentrations (≥1000 L−1) occur rarely in these clouds (less than 1% of the time). Simulations including both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation indicate that even with moderate concentrations of ice nuclei (20 L−1), heterogeneous nucleation is an important ice production process, particularly for relatively low ice concentrations and warm temperatures. With enhanced ice nuclei concentrations (100 L−1), heterogeneous nucleation dominates ice production in the model. We find that it is critically important to include the impact of sedimentation on the evolution of ice concentrations when comparing model results with observations. Ice crystal collection efficiencies are poorly constrained at low temperatures, and we find that aggregation can significantly reduce ice concentrations. Sensitivity tests indicate that neither the agreement between observed and simulated ice crystal statistics nor the sensitivities indicated by the simulations are significantly affected by model assumptions such as the time periods simulated, geographic domain covered, trajectory paths calculated, or ice crystal habit assumed.
Post-market in vitro bioequivalence study of six brands of ciprofloxacin tablets/caplets in Jos, Nigeria

Six brands of ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablets have been evaluated using some quality control tests of uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, assay, disintegration and dissolution with the aim to assess its bioequivalence. The results obtained have been discussed in some details using monographs in the two Pharmacopeia (United States Pharmacopeia, USP and British Pharmacopeia, BP). The results were also subjected to statistical analysis. In particular, the dissolution test results were subjected to further tests to determine significance of ANOVA, significance of Dunnett’s test, dissolution efficiency, difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2). Subsequently the results indicated that 3 of the 6 (50%) brands may not be used interchangeably with the chosen ‘innovator’ brand.
Theory-based impact evaluation: principles and practice

Calls for rigorous impact evaluation have been accompanied by the quest not just to find out what works but why. It is widely accepted that a theory-based approach to impact evaluation, one that maps out the causal chain from inputs to outcomes and impact and tests the underlying assumptions, will shed light on the why question. But application of a theory-based approach remains weak. This paper identifies the following six principles to successful application of the approach: (1) map out the causal chain (programme theory); (2) understand context; (3) anticipate heterogeneity; (4) rigorous evaluation of impact using a credible counterfactual; (5) rigorous factual analysis; and (6) use mixed methods.
R&D AND NON-R&D INNOVATORS DURING THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: THE ROLE OF BINDING CREDIT CONSTRAINTS

This analysis identifies the effects of prevailing credit constraints on efforts of formal R&D innovators and (informal) non-R&D innovators in the manufacturing sector in Latin America and examines whether the global financial crisis aggravated these effects. It demonstrates that formal R&D innovators faced binding credit constraints that severely disturbed their innovative efforts, while non-R&D innovators remained unaffected. Furthermore, the global financial crisis put no additional strain on either R&D or non-R&D innovators. The analysis also identifies characteristics of R&D and non-R&D innovators and points to important differences in size, age, or ownership structure but similarities in international trading activities.
Integrating product design into the supply chain

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the research is to illustrate how companies can create competitive capabilities through integration of product design into the supply chain. In doing so the paper reveals the challenges and the opportunities that companies face when integrating product design and supply chain. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is case based and focuses on six companies. Ten interviews were carried out in each of these with senior managers. The Resource-Based View (RBV) is utilised to put these empirical findings into a theoretical context. Findings: The findings reveal a range of opportunities and challenges when integrating product design and the supply chain and subsequently a step-by-step guide is developed to address these. Practical Implications: The research provides key recommendations to companies on how to create competitive capabilities by integrating product design into the supply chain. Originality/Value: This paper provides novel insights to both practitioners and researchers. For practitioners detailed recommendations are given on how they can maximise benefits through integrating product design into the supply chain. The RBV has been harnessed to highlight how integration needs to be balanced with the company’s current resources and capabilities.
Bulk superconductivity at 84 K in the strongly overdoped regime of cuprates

By means of magnetization, specific heat, and muon-spin relaxation measurements, we investigate newly synthesized high-pressure oxidized Cu0.75Mo0. 25Sr2YCu2O7.54, in which overdoping is achieved up to p∼0.46 hole/Cu, well beyond the Tc−p superconducting dome of cuprates, where Fermi-liquid behavior is expected. Surprisingly, we find bulk superconductivity with Tc=84 K and superfluid density similar to those of optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ. On the other hand, specific heat data display a large electronic contribution at low temperature, comparable to that of nonsuperconducting overdoped La2−xSrxCuO4. These results point at an unusual high-Tc phase with a large fraction of unpaired holes. Further experiments may assess the Fermi-liquid properties of the present phase, which would put into question the paradigm that the high Tc of cuprates originates from a non-Fermi-liquid ground state.