Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of factor FVIIIC deficiency in live male infants undergoing circumcision in South West, Nigeria

Summary. A prominent evidence of inherited bleeding disorder in newborn males is excessive postcircumcision bleeding. Male circumcision in Nigeria is the rule rather than the exception. Male siblings of some of the Nigerian haemophiliacs consequently died from severe postcircumcision bleeding. The aim was to determine the incidence of inherited factor VIIIc (FVIIIc) deficiencies in live male infants undergoing circumcision in South West, Nigeria. The study population was 244 male infants drawn from University College Hospital and Our lady of Apostles Catholic Hospital, Oluyoro, Ibadan. Precircumcision prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and FVIIIc levels were determined. Clinical features of inherited bleeding disorder particularly family history of bleeding diathesis, history of cephalhaematoma and bleeding from the umbilical stump in neonatal life were determined with the aid of a questionnaire. Only one of the mothers (0.4%) gave a family history of bleeding disorder. A history of excessive bleeding from the umbilical stump post delivery was obtained in three (2%) of the patients. Five (2%) other subjects had cephalhaematoma post delivery. Two of the subjects (0.8%) had prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. The factor VIIIc level was between 31% and 49% in 16.1%, while 1.6% of the neonates had levels between 20% and 26%. This study detected four of the 244 (1.64%) neonates with FVIIIc deficiency, suggestive of either mild haemophilia or von Willebrand’s disease. A larger study (including family studies) will be required, so as to arrive at the exact incidence of both haemophilia A and vWD in live male infants in Nigeria.
How Serial is Serial Processing in Vision?

Visual search for an element defined by the conjunction of its colour and orientation has previously been shown to be a serial processing task since reaction times increase linearly with the number of distractor elements used in the display. Evidence is presented that there are parallel processing constituents to this serial search. Processing time depended on the ratio of the number of the two distractor types used, suggesting that only one type was scanned. Which type was scanned also depended on the distractor ratio, indicating that this decision was made after stimulus presentation and was based on a parallel figure—ground separation of the stimulus elements. Furthermore, in accordance with this serial scanning model, there was an increase in processing speed (elements scanned per second) with increase in number of elements to be scanned. This increased efficiency suggests that clumps of elements were processed synchronously. Under the stimulation conditions used, clumps contained six to sixteen elements and each clump was processed in 50–150 ms.
Global and specific transcriptional repression by the histone H3 amino terminus in yeast

The yeast CHA1 promoter is activated in the presence of serine or threonine. Activation requires the Cha4p activator, and it results in perturbation of a nucleosome that incorporates the TATA element under noninducing conditions. We show that in yeast lacking the amino terminus of histone H3, the promoter is constitutively active and the chromatin is concomitantly perturbed. This derepression occurs in the absence of elevated intracellular levels of serine or threonine and is not observed in cells lacking Rpd3p, Tup1p, or the amino terminus of histone H4. Furthermore, derepression in the absence of the H3 amino terminus requires the primary activator of this promoter, Cha4p, which we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation to be constitutively bound to the CHA1 promoter in WT yeast. Thus, the H3 amino terminus is required to prevent Cha4p from activating CHA1 in the absence of inducer. We also present results of a microarray experiment showing that the H3 amino terminus has a substantial repressive effect on a genome-wide scale.
Adverse effects of early phenobarbital administration in term newborns with perinatal asphyxia

Taking advantage of the lack of consensus in our neonatal unit regarding the early (prior to the onset of signs of hypoxic – ischaemic encephalopathy) administration of phenobarbital to term infants with perinatal asphyxia, we evaluated the possible cerebral sparing effect of phenobarbital by doing a retrospective case‐control analysis. Fifty‐seven infants who received 10 mg/kg loading dose of phenobarbital within one hour following resuscitation and before the onset of signs of hypoxic −ischaemic encephalopathy were compared with 91 infants who did not to determine the effect of early phenobarbital on the incidence of subsequent seizures, and mortality in the perinatal period. Early phenobarbital was associated with a threefold (P < 0.025) increase in the incidence of subsequent seizures, and consequently a trend towards increased mortality. Seizures per se were associated with almost a 20fold increase in mortality (P < 0.0001). These findings suggest that early phenobarbital administration may produce adverse rather than beneficial effects following asphyxia. Because this is an observational study, these results need to be confirmed by appropriate randomized trials in similar clinical settings.
The tendon of flexor pollicis longus: its effects on the muscular control of force and position at the human thumb.

Human flexor pollicis longus tendons obtained at autopsy were subjected to repeated sinusoidal stretching movements. The associated force changes were almost in phase with the movement (force led position by less than 4 degrees), and alterations in the frequency of movement between 2 and 16 Hz had little effect on them. Examination of the thumbs of formalin‐fixed cadavers demonstrated that the tendon exerts its force 7.4‐8.0 mm in front of the axis of movement of the interphalangeal joint. From a knowledge of the tendon properties and the joint anatomy, one can calculate the changes in tendon length that would accompany any force change at the joint. Equipped with this information one can re‐examine the responses to sinusoidal movements of the thumb interphalangeal joints of normal subjects. When the subject exerts a steady flexing force in which stretch reflexes play no important part, measurements of joint stiffness indicate that only a portion of the imposed movement reaches the muscle fibres. The extension of those (visco‐elastic) muscle fibres lags behind the extension of the (elastic) tendon. Stretch reflexes contribute to the mechanical resistance of muscle fibres to low frequency (3‐5 Hz) displacements, but in the presence of a compliant tendon the length of the muscle fibres does not determine the angle of the joint in any positive way. It is suggested that the compliant tendons of many thumb and finger muscles simplify the neuromuscular control of forces during gripping and handling movements.
Expression and Production of the CXC Chemokine Growth-Related Oncogene-α by Human Eosinophils1

Eosinophils are seen together with neutrophils at sites of inflammation. However, their roles are not clear. In addition, eosinophils infiltrate tumor tissue in some neoplastic diseases. In this study, we show that large amounts of the neutrophil-activating CXC chemokine growth-related oncogene (GRO)-α can be produced by human eosinophils. Eosinophils showed presence of preformed GRO-α in the crystalloid-containing specific granules (190 pg/2 × 106 cells). During incubation, a strong increase in GRO-α gene expression was seen. At a low cell density, addition of TNF-α or IL-1β increased the production of GRO-α in eosinophils, which was not the case at a higher cell density. Eosinophils can produce TNF-α themselves, and neutralizing Abs against TNF-α significantly inhibited GRO-α production. This suggests that autocrine and paracrine effects from TNF-α can be important when up-regulating GRO-α gene expression. In contrast, IFN-γ, a prototypic Th1-cytokine, down-regulated expression of GRO-α. This may be important during resolution of inflammation but also suggests different roles for eosinophils depending on the inflammatory context. Tumor-infiltrating eosinophils in Hodgkin’s disease of the nodular sclerosing type are associated with a poor prognosis. Eosinophils from such tumor tissue showed an abundant expression of GRO-α. The GRO-α receptor CXCR2 was also detected in tumor tissue, proposing interactions between eosinophils and the tumor. Our findings suggest that eosinophils can promote inflammation through recruitment of CXCR2-bearing cells. In addition, this feature of the eosinophils indicates a role for these cells in the biology of certain tumors.
Orphan Drug Designations as Valuable Intangible Assets for IPO Investors in Pharma-Biotech Companies

Orphan Drug (OD) legislation has been implemented with regulatory and financial incentives to encourage drug innovation in order to treat rare diseases. This study aims to test whether OD Designations (ODD) granted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to pharmaceutical and biotechnology start-up companies may be considered as relevant signals in attracting entrepreneurial finance and increasing the amount invested at the time of the Initial Public Offering (IPO) in the US stock markets. We found that the signaling power of ODD is positively and statistically significant for IPO investors in stock markets. Regression results also suggest that ODDs are stronger than patent applications in attracting IPO investors. Scholarly and policy implications are discussed in the light of the signaling theory and drug development policies.
Purchase behaviour of Indian customers towards environment friendly motor vehicles

At the present time lot of customers in India are buying environment friendly motor vehicles like hybrid and electric vehicles. Therefore, this study was performed to recognize the factors that influence the purchase intention of buying environment friendly motor vehicles among Indian customers. Information is collected from 125 vehicle owners using a structured questionnaire. According to regression analysis, awareness of environment friendly motor vehicles, environmental familiarity and subjective norms has a considerable influence on purchase intention of environment friendly motor vehicles in India.
Exploring the Impact of ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 Certification on Financial Performance: The Case of Companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certification on the financial performance of Romanian companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE). Based on audited financial statements of a population of 67 non-financial companies listed during 2013-2015 and using regression models, this paper shows, for the first time in Romania, that companies listed on BSE, implementing complex management systems (quality – environmental and/or occupational health and safety) perform better, and that their performance is directly linked to the complexity of the management systems implemented.
Functioning in everyday life after stroke: a longitudinal study of elderly people receiving rehabilitation at home.

OBJECTIVE There is a need to identify different rehabilitation needs over time among individuals with stroke in order to implement client-centred rehabilitation interventions after stroke. The objective of this research was to describe changes in some aspects of functioning and to explore the patterns of change in functioning in everyday life during the first year after stroke for elderly patients participating in rehabilitation at home. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for a regular rehabilitation-at-home programme after stroke were considered for participation in this study. Twenty-seven elderly patients participated on four data collection occasions during the year immediately subsequent to a stroke. The mean age of the 27 participants was 78.8 years (SD = 5.9) and 67% of the participants were women. METHODS Data on certain aspects of functioning were collected and a person-oriented approach was used to describe the patterns in the change in functioning for individuals. RESULTS Four different patterns were identified: (a) moderate change in functioning (n = 4), (b) minor change in functioning (n = 11), (c) minor change despite major life event (n = 7), (d) disrupted change in functioning (n = 5). The study group improved significantly in most aspects of functioning, but still, most participants (n = 20) showed dissatisfaction with life as a whole 12 months after their stroke. CONCLUSION This study identified different patterns of change in functioning in everyday life. This knowledge should serve to help guide rehabilitation professionals in their assessment of clients' needs during different phases after stroke.
Financial Support , Moral Hazard , and Other-regarding Preferences

In this paper, we provide evidence of moral hazard in an incentivized laboratory experiment. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the strength of this moral hazard effect is attenuated by the intensity of other-regarding preferences. We test this prediction in a treatment with the very same financial incentives, which we implement, however, with the help of financial support provided voluntarily by another individual. In this case, moral hazard can no longer be detected and differences in how individuals adjust effort to the intensity of financial incentives are significant between both treatments. We quantify these differences and discuss their implications. _________________________ * Stefan Neuß (neuss@bwl.lmu.de) is with the Munich Risk and Insurance Center, Ludwig-MaximiliansUniversität München. Richard Peter (richard-peter@uiowa.edu) is with the University of Iowa. Christian Knoller (knoller@bwl.lmu.de) is a member of the Munich Risk and Insurance Center, LudwigMaximilians-Universität München. Financial support from the “Deutscher Verein für Versicherungswissenschaft (DVfVW) e.V. ” is gratefully acknowledged. We kindly thank the Munich Experimental Laboratory for Economic and Social Sciences for providing laboratory resources. We thank participants of the 6th Behavioural Insurance Workshop, especially Glenn Harrison, participants of the DVfVW 2016 annual meeting, and seminar participants at the Department of Risk and Insurance at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for valuable comments, which led to significant improvements.
Cytokines and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in the terminal ileum of hypoxic/hyperoxic neonatal rats: benefits of probiotics supplementation.

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with the development of inflammatory bowel diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. We tested the hypothesis that probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics (a combination of pre- and probiotics) is effective for prevention of inflammatory responses to formula-feeding in the terminal ileum of neonatal rats. METHODS Neonatal rats were exposed to hyperoxia/hypoxia during which they were either maternally-fed or hand-fed with formula supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics. A non-supplemented formula group served as controls. Cytokines and genes associated with oxidative stress and toll-like receptor signaling were determined in the terminal ileum. Data were compared to room air littermates. RESULTS Exposure to hyperoxia/ hypoxia reduced growth accretion in maternally-fed pups. NEC-like symptoms and intestinal inflammatory markers were induced with formula feeding. Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics decreased proinflammatory cytokines and downregulated genes involved in oxidative stress and toll-like receptor pathways, however, the effect was attenuated in hyperoxia/hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The combination of suboptimal nutrition due to removal of breast milk and formula feeding with hyperoxia/hypoxia may increase susceptibility to oxidative stress, inflammation, and NEC. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are protective against oxidative stress and inflammation, but their efficacy may be reduced when administered during hyperoxia/hypoxia insults.
Examining the Role of Fatigue and Cognitive Failures in Predicting Work Situation Awareness Among Employees of Pars Khodro Company

Introduction: Studies have shown that one of the factors affecting occupational injuries is employees’ awareness of work situation. Therefore, it is important to identify factors affecting situational awareness. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of fatigue and cognitive failures in predicting work situation awareness among employees. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with a descriptive-correlational design. The sample consisted of 154 employees of the Tehran Pars Khodro Company in 2015, who was selected by stratified random sampling method and responded to questionnaires of fatigue from Chalder et al. (1993), cognitive failures from Broadbent et al. (1982) and work situation awareness of Sneddon et al. (2006). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The results showed that there were significant relationships between fatigue, cognitive failures and work situation awareness (P > 0.01). Also, fatigue and cognitive failures predicted almost %14 and %25 of the variance of work situation awareness among employees, respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The reduction of employees’ cognitive and emotional capacity could reduce their awareness of work situation.
Intelligent Advice Provisioning for Repeated Interaction

This paper studies two suboptimal advice provisioning methods ("advisors") as an alternative to providing optimal advice in repeated advising settings. Providing users with suboptimal advice has been reported to be highly advantageous whenever the optimal advice is non-intuitive, hence might not be accepted by the user. Alas, prior methods that rely on suboptimal advice generation were designed primarily for a single-shot advice provisioning setting, hence their performance in repeated settings is questionable. Our methods, on the other hand, are tailored to the repeated interaction case. Comprehensive evaluation of the proposed methods, involving hundreds of human participants, reveals that both methods meet their primary design goal (either an increased user profit or an increased user satisfaction from the advisor), while performing at least as good with the alternative goal, compared to having people perform with: (a) no advisor at all; (b) an advisor providing the theoretic-optimal advice; and (c) an effective suboptimal-advice-based advisor designed for the non-repeated variant of our experimental framework.
Mutational Analysis Demonstrates That ClC-4 and ClC-5 Directly Mediate Plasma Membrane Currents*

ClC-4 and ClC-5, together with ClC-3, form a distinct branch of the CLC chloride channel family. Although ClC-5 was shown to be mainly expressed in endocytotic vesicles, expression of ClC-5 in Xenopus oocytes elicited chloride currents. We now show that ClC-4 also gives rise to strongly outwardly rectifying anion currents when expressed in oocytes. They closely resemble ClC-5 currents with which they share a NO3 − > Cl− > Br− > I− conductance sequence that differs from that reported for the highly homologous ClC-3. Both ClC-4 and ClC-5 currents are reduced by lowering extracellular pH. We could measure similar currents after expressing either channel in HEK293 cells. To demonstrate that these currents are directly mediated by the channel proteins, we introduced several point mutations that change channel characteristics. In ClC-5, several point mutations alter the kinetics of activation but leave macroscopic rectification and ion selectivity unchanged. A mutation (N565K) equivalent to a mutation reported to have profound effects on ClC-3 does not have similar effects on ClC-5. Moreover, a mutation at the end of D2 (S168T in ClC-5) changes ion selectivity, and a mutation at the end of D3 (E211A in ClC-5 and E224A in ClC-4) changes voltage dependence and ion selectivity. This shows that ClC-4 and ClC-5 can directly mediate plasma membrane currents.
A Prospective and Sustainable Forestry Job Development in Korea

The purposes of this study were to analyze the long-term trends for the outlook for job development in the forestry sector and to identify supply and demand on job markets. Due to the results of the studies of the forest area would be focused on area of forest therapy and guide, forest biomass research, researcher on prevention & control of forest pests, technician for forest protection, expert in forest disaster prevention, investigating of overseas tree species, and similarly the qualification items should be given more in trees and or bio-energy producer, forest saver and preventer, forest therapist and guide, tree pesticide doctor, forestry job regulator, etc. The main implication of the study result is that the reason of climate changes, environment pollutions and green-energy productivity would push the conditions of job market trend in forest workforce area.
The Impact of Socially Conscious Initiative Announcements on Coffee Company Stock Values

The Impact of Socially Conscious Initiative Announcements on Coffee Company Stock Values by Glenn Thomas Smith MA, City University, 2009 BS, City University, 2005 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management Walden University July 2017 Abstract Stockholders invest billions of dollars in the purchase of new corporate coffee stock while producers of these commodities exist in poverty of developing nations. Corporate managers may miss the opportunities for offering humanitarian aid if potential stockholders do not know of corporate social change initiatives. Little research in the influence of socially conscious initiatives exists in the coffee sector and noneStockholders invest billions of dollars in the purchase of new corporate coffee stock while producers of these commodities exist in poverty of developing nations. Corporate managers may miss the opportunities for offering humanitarian aid if potential stockholders do not know of corporate social change initiatives. Little research in the influence of socially conscious initiatives exists in the coffee sector and none concentrating on socially conscious initiative announcements. If a relationship exists between socially conscious initiative announcements and stock investments, then managers could justify funding social change initiatives. This quantitative study used a 5 day pre and post event study methodology including t tests, ANOVAs, and regressions examining five companies with 138 individual announcements from 5 coffee companies between 2011 and 2015. The independent variables were socially conscious initiative announcements regarding separate initiatives in the Wall Street Journal and differing socially conscious initiatives in the Washington Post. The dependent variables were abnormal changes in the Standard and Poor coffee corporate closing prices. This study used the Weighted Average Cost of Capital, the Capital Asset Pricing Model, and the Fama-French 3 Factors Model to demonstrate abnormal positive stock abnormalities. resulting in statistically significant positive findings pre and post publication in the five companies examined. Further research could use different time periods or media outlets. Similar findings could support advantages for investors and managers for aiding struggling coffee producers enticing other corporations to follow suit leading to beneficial worldwide social good development. The Impact of Socially Conscious Initiative Announcements on Coffee Company Stock Values by Glenn Thomas Smith MA, City University, 2009 BS, City University, 2005 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy