Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Abundances in 12 Red Giants of the Large Magellanic Cloud from High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy

High-resolution infrared spectra (λ/Δλ = 50,000) have been obtained for 12 red giant members of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with the Gemini South 8.3 m telescope and Phoenix spectrometer. Two wavelength regions, at 15540 and 23400 Å, were observed. Quantitative chemical abundances of carbon (both 12C and 13C), nitrogen, and oxygen were derived from molecular lines of CO, CN, and OH, while sodium, scandium, titanium, and iron abundances were obtained from neutral atomic lines. The 12 LMC red giants span a metallicity range from [Fe/H] = -1.1 to [Fe/H] = -0.3. It is found that values for both [Na/Fe] and [Ti/Fe] in the LMC giants fall below their corresponding Galactic values (at these same [Fe/H] abundances) by about ∼0.1–0.5 dex; this effect is similar to abundance patterns found in the few dwarf spheroidal galaxies with published abundances. The program red giants all show evidence of first dredge-up mixing of material exposed to the CN cycle, that is, low 12C/13C ratios and lower 12C with higher 14N abundances. The carbon and nitrogen trends are similar to what is observed in samples of Galactic red giants, although the LMC red giants seem to show smaller 12C/13C ratios for a given stellar mass. This relatively small difference in the carbon isotope ratios between LMC and Galactic red giants could be due to increased extra mixing in stars of lower metallicity, as suggested previously in the literature. Comparisons of the oxygen-to-iron ratios in the LMC and the Galaxy indicate that the trend of [O/Fe] versus [Fe/H] in the LMC falls about 0.2 dex below the Galactic trend. Such an offset can be modeled as due to an overall lower rate of supernovae per unit mass in the LMC relative to the Galaxy, as well as a slightly lower ratio of supernovae of Type II to supernovae of Type Ia.
Effect of scenario on perceptual sensitivity to errors in animation

A deeper understanding of what makes animation perceptually plausible would benefit a number of applications, such as approximate collision detection and goal-directed animation. In a series of psychophysical experiments, we examine how measurements of perceptual sensitivity in realistic physical simulations compare to similar measurements done in more abstract settings. We find that participant tolerance for certain types of errors is significantly higher in a realistic snooker scenario than in the abstract test settings previously used to examine those errors. By contrast, we find tolerance for errors displayed in realistic but more neutral environments was not different from tolerance for those errors in abstract settings. Additionally, we examine the interaction of auditory and visual cues in determining participant sensitivity to spatiotemporal errors in rigid body collisions. We find that participants are predominantly affected by visual cues. Finally, we find that tolerance for spatial gaps during collision events is constant for a wide range of viewing angles if the effect of foreshortening and occlusion caused by the viewing angle is taken into account.
Time vs. State in Insurance: Experimental Evidence from Contract Farming in Kenya

The gains from insurance arise from the transfer of income across states. Yet, by requiring that the premium be paid up front, standard insurance products also transfer income across time. We show that this intertemporal transfer can help explain low insurance demand, especially among the poor, and in a randomized control trial in Kenya we test a crop insurance product which removes it. The product is interlinked with a contract farming scheme: as with other inputs, the buyer of the crop offers the insurance and deducts the premium from farmer revenues at harvest time. The take-up rate for pay-at-harvest insurance is 72 percent, compared to 5 percent for the standard pay-up-front contract, and the difference is largest among poorer farmers. Additional experiments and outcomes provide evidence on the role of liquidity constraints, present bias, and counterparty risk, and find that enabling farmers to commit to pay the premium just 1 month later increases demand by 21 percentage points. (JEL G22, I32, O13, O16, Q12, Q14)
Rekindling an old flame: A haploid model for the evolution and impact of flammability in resprouting plants

Using a two-locus diallelic population genetic model, we studied the evolution and impact of flammable traits in resprouting plants. A ‘flammability locus’ determines the flammable character of a plant and the frequency of alleles at this locus affects the probability that any plant in the population will burn. A linked ‘disturbance locus’ determines how a plant fares in the presence or absence of fire. Thus, the frequencies of alleles at the flammability locus influence evolution at the disturbance locus. The evolution of flammability-enhancing alleles is influenced by asymmetries in the genotypic fitnesses as well as by the base flammability of the population and the genetic structure of the system (with tighter linkage increasing the possibility that the population becomes more flammable). We demonstrate that stable polymorphisms of plants differing in flammability alleles are possible. The magnitude of the organism’s impact on the flammable character of the environment influences where such polymorphisms are expected. Furthermore, predictions concerning the evolution of alleles at the disturbance locus based solely on fitness asymmetries may fail due to the influence of plants on their environment. Unusual population dynamics, including stable and unstable cycles of genotypes, are also presented. The relation of this model to the Mutch hypothesis and the recently developed theories of ‘niche construction’ and ‘ecosystem engineering’ is discussed.
Structure quality and target parameters

Because protein crystals typically diffract to resolutions of 2–3 A for structures of interest, diffraction data must be supplemented by additional information to be used as parameters for modelling the crystal content. Which information to use, and for what kind of model, depends on the questions to be resolved by the modelled structure. The most obvious choice for target parameters are bond lengths and angles derived from atomic resolution structures. This article describes a set of bond and angle target parameters derived from small-molecule structures in the Cambridge Structural Database and their application to the refinement of protein structure models. Other potential sources of target parameters are also briefly discussed.
45 Enhancing Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Molasses by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y 17

Bioethanol is considered a promising type of biofuel that produced by fermentation of sugars and used as a partial gasoline replacement in different areas of the world (Sunggyu & Shah, 2012; Bhatia et al., 2012; Sadik & Halema, 2014 and Rasmey et al., 2017). The sugarcane and beet molasses are by-products of sugar industries in Egypt and are cheap raw materials, readily available, and ready for conversion with limited pretreatments as compared with starchy or cellulosic materials for bioethanol fermentation on industrial scale. Most of sugars in molasses are present in a readily fermentable form (Razmovski & Vucurovi, 2011). Sugarcane molasses is a dark viscous fluid, and rich in nutrients required by most microorganisms such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and non-nitrogenous compounds. Beet molasses also is a commonly used feedstock (Dodić et al., 2009). One metric ton of sugarcane THIS STUDY aims to investigate the recycling of agro-industrial wastes as sugarcane and beet molasses for ethanol production using many yeast isolates. Out of fifteen tested isolates of yeasts, seven isolates showed high ethanol production contributing more than or equal 7% from sugarcane molasses with productivity ranging between 1.45 and 1.78gL-1h-1. Interestingly, isolate Y17 was the highest ethanol producer (8.55%) and it was chosen for the further optimization experiments. Isolate Y17 was identified phenotypically and genotypically as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and then was deposited in the GenBank with accession number KP096551. There was a significant enhancement in the ethanol production (9.55%) using S. cerevisiae Y17 from sugarcane molasses fermentation at 18% sugar, 30°C and pH 4.5 for 96h incubation period. These results suggest that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y17 may be subjected to genetic engineering improvement and used as a promising candidate for economical ethanol fermentation by utilization of sugarcane molasses as a renewable and low cost-effective substrate.
Innovative and Participatory Risk-Based Approaches to Assess Milk-Safety in Developing Countries: a case study in North East India

Food safety is a major problem and of increasing concern in developing countries. Risk-based approaches are current best practice but have been little applied. We present a case-study from Assam, North East India, illustrating 3 key elements of risk-based approaches in the context of the informal dairy sector. We used risk-based targeting to categorise milk vendors into a risk hierarchy, thus allowing vendors which pose most risk to human health to be identified and inspection and intervention directed accordingly. We also describe pathway analysis, in which the food product is traced from production on farm to consumption. This helps identify critical control points where action can, and must, be taken to avoid risk to human health. In Assam, the last step of the pathway (house-to-house vendor to consumer) was where risk increased most for raw milk; while, for milk sweets the holding time of the prepared sweet was critical. Participatory risk analysis posits that building on indigenous knowledge will be more effective than top-down solutions and we looked at indigenous risk management that is the existing practices that reduce risk. We found a range of good practices among all actors. Consumers had the highest level of good practice. We also examined the relation between good practice and low bacterial counts and were able to identify the practice most associated with safe production. This case study shows that risk-based approaches can be usefully applied in informal markets in developing countries.
The influence of feeding plant oils on milk production and fatty acid content

This investigation was done to research the effects of vegetable oils on UFA content in milk fat and performances of high-yielding lactating cows. Sixteen lactating Holstein cows in early lactation were used in a complete randomized design. Experimental diets included: 1) Control (without oil, CON); 2) Diet with 2% soybean oil (SBO); 3) Diet with 2% sunflower oil (SFO); and 4) Diet with 2% canola oil (CLO). Supplementation with vegetable oils tended to decrease DMI, resulting in reduced milk production. Lowest milk production obtained by SBO treatment with 26.44 kg/day compared with CON diet (32.85 kg/day). The cows whose feed had SBO and SFO added, produced milk with the highest content of UFA, as C18:1 content was 26.82 g/100 g milk fat by SFO compared with CON (20.86). Content of C18:2 obtained 3.53 g/100 g milk fat by SFO that was highest compared to other treatments. These results were observed for C18:3 isomers, too. All observations for C18 UFA were significant (P<0.05). Despite, obtained results about CLO was unintelligible. In general, supplementation of dairy cow diets with vegetable oils tended to enrich UFA content in milk fat significantly. Sunflower oil seemed to be the optimal source to increase UFA production. Key words: Vegetable oil, fatty acid, dairy cow.
Purification and partial characterization of storage proteins in Lupinus angustifolius seeds

Lupinus angustifolius seed proteins have been purified by sequential dialysis and ion exchange chromatography, and their amino acid composition has been studied in order to determine their nutritional value as sources of essential amino acids. Albumins include a great variety of proteins. Globulins were resolved in α, β and δ conglutins. Conglutin α is the main protein in the seeds of L. angustifolius , representing 76.6% of the total. While lysine was found to be the limiting amino acid in L. Angustifolius seed proteins as a whole, tyrosine was the limiting amino acid in albumins, and methione and lysine were limiting in globulins. Lysine, methionine and histidine were limiting amino acids in  α conglutin.
MEN AND WOMEN DIFFERENCES IN USING LANGUAGE : A CASE STUDY OF STUDENTS AT STAIN

This paper mainly investigates the differences of using a language both men and women especially the students’ conversation at STAIN Kudus. These differences are viewed from a number of aspects including vocabulary, attitudes, syntax and non-verbal differences. This research belongs to a qualitative research. Data were collected through transcripts of a video documentation played by the students of Sharia Department at STAIN Kudus. The result shows that male and female students have shown differences in their forms, contents, and uses. Men tend to be more directive. Besides, they use more simple words. On the other hand, women are more expressive and polite in using language. In addition, they use more gestures and words signifying the feeling, emotional and psychological states.
Coseismic and post-seismic signatures of the Sumatra 2004 December and 2005 March earthquakes in GRACE satellite gravity

S U M M A R Y The GRACE satellite mission has been measuring the Earth's gravity field and its temporal variations since 2002 April. Although these variations are mainly due to mass transfer within the geofluid envelops, they also result from mass displacements associated with phenomena including glacial isostatic adjustment and earthquakes. However, these last contributions are difficult to isolate because of the presence of noise and of geofluid signals, and because of GRACE's coarse spatial resolution (>400 km half-wavelength). In this paper, we show that a wavelet analysis on the sphere helps to retrieve earthquake signatures from GRACE geoid products. Using a wavelet analysis of GRACE geoids products, we show that the geoid variations caused by the 2004 December (M w = 9.2) and 2005 March (M w = 8.7) Sumatra earthquakes can be detected. At GRACE resolution, the 2004 December earthquake produced a strong coseismic decrease of the gravity field in the Andaman Sea, followed by relaxation in the area affected by both the Andaman 2004 and the Nias 2005 earthquakes. We find two characteristic timescales for the relaxation, with a fast variation occurring in the vicinity of the Central Andaman ridge. We discuss our coseismic observations in terms of density changes of crustal and upper-mantle rocks, and of the vertical displacements in the Andaman Sea. We interpret the post-seismic signal in terms of the viscoelastic response of the Earth's mantle. The transient component of the relaxation may indicate the presence of hot, viscous material beneath the active Central Andaman Basin.
The Effect of Temperature on Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency

As a great potential renewable energy source, solar energy is becoming one of the most important energies in the future. Recently, there has been an enormous increase in the understanding of the operational principle of photovoltaic devices, which led to a rapid increase in the power conversion efficiencies of such devices. Solar cells vary under temperature changes; the change in temperature will affect the power, output from the cells. In this paper a relation between efficiency, sun radiation and temperature is proposed and under cloudy climate is simulated and temperature ambient PV module for a desired efficiency can be obtained.
Compact Pulse Modulator for Plasma Channel Drilling

Drilling is a part of our everyday life. The present drilling technologies are reaching their efficiency limits, therefore some novel alternatives are needed. A promising method is plasma channel drilling (PCD), where a rock is fragmented with high voltage pulses. Due to the specifics of the process, PCD operations require an isolating medium, usually water, around the electrodes (drill bit). When a very fast rising high voltage pulse is applied to the rock surface the electrical strength of the rock is lower than that of the surrounding water. Thereafter, the electrical breakdown creates an arc in the rock, which by thermal expansion causes mechanical fragmentation. So far, the main research has been done with large scale Marx generators with drill bit sizes of more than 10 cm. Additionally, only high energy pulses have been applied to the rock. Therefore, in this thesis the focus is on studying the lower limits of PCD, designing suitable compact modulators and experimentally finding optimum energy levels. In order to define specifications for the pulse generator, a literature review was conducted. For water, several scientific sources were
Dilemmas of an Indigenous Academic: A Native Hawaiian Story

In this article, the author draws upon the Native Hawaiian practice of ha'i mo'olelo, or storytelling, to problematize her role as an indigenous, Native Hawaiian academic working and researching in Native Hawaiian elementary and early childhood educational communities. Focusing on her personal dilemmas and struggles within this role, she attempts to unpack a number of ethical, cultural and political issues that can present special difficulties for indigenous academics who work partly as insiders and partly as outsiders within both the academy and their home communities. By intertwining Marxist and post-structuralist theory with Native Hawaiian protocol and tradition, she considers possibilities for reconnecting indigenous academics with native communities through the development of hybrid indigenous/Western research methodologies that draw from and speak to both indigenous and Western ways of knowing and being.
EFFECTIVE FIELD THEORY FOR FEW-NUCLEON SYSTEMS*

▪ Abstract We review the effective field theories (EFTs) developed for few-nucleon systems. These EFTs are controlled expansions in momenta, where certain (leading-order) interactions are summed to all orders. At low energies, an EFT with only contact interactions allows a detailed analysis of renormalization in a nonperturbative context and uncovers novel asymptotic behavior. Manifestly model-independent calculations can be carried out to high orders, leading to high precision. At higher energies, an EFT that includes pion fields justifies and extends the traditional framework of phenomenological potentials. The correct treatment of QCD symmetries ensures a connection with lattice QCD. Several tests and prospects of these EFTs are discussed.
Minimal Invasive Ablative Techniques in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: a Systematic Review

Purpose: Breast conserving surgery is effective for breast cancer treatment but is associated with morbidity in particular high re-excision rates. We performed a systematic review to assess the current evidence for clinical outcomes with minimally invasive ablative techniques in the non-surgical treatment of breast cancer. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was performed using PubMed and Medline library databases to identify all studies published between 1994 and May 2016. Studies were considered eligible for inclusion if they evaluated the role of ablative techniques in the treatment of breast cancer and included ten patients or more. Studies that failed to fulfil the inclusion criteria were excluded. Results: We identified 63 studies including 1608 patients whose breast tumours were treated with radiofrequency (RFA), high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), cryo-, laser or microwave ablation. Fifty studies reported on the number of patients with complete ablation as found on histopathology and the highest rate of complete ablation was achieved with RFA (87.1%, 491/564) and microwave ablation (83.2%, 89/107). Short-term complications were most often reported with microwave ablation (14.6%, 21/144). Recurrence was reported in 24 patients (4.2%, 24/570) and most often with laser ablation (10.7%, 11/103). The shortest treatment times were observed with RFA (15.6±5.6 minutes) and the longest with HIFU (101.5±46.6 minutes). Conclusion: Minimally invasive ablative techniques are able to successfully induce coagulative necrosis in breast cancer with a low side effect profile. Adequately powered and prospectively conducted cohort trials are required to confirm complete pathological ablation in all patients.
Caught in the irons: one of the lived experiences of long-term ocean cruising women.

One of the reasons why women participate in long-term ocean cruising is because of relationship commitments. During 1992-1999 and 2000-2003, ethnographic studies informed by the traditions of symbolic interactionism, phenomenology, ethnomethodology, and feminist inquiry were conducted. Materials collected were analyzed using grounded theory and the Pamphilon zoom model. A Marxist/socialist feminist critique emerged from the interpretation of empirical materials. This critique demonstrated that some women had a lived experience that involved exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, and cultural imperialism. The experience relegated them to the domestic sphere of the cruising/sailing enterprise as well as excluded them from decision making as they were psychically and economically dependent on their cruising partners. However, the cruising women argued that such a critique avoided the issue of affect or that women can be both subjects and agents. Subsequently, the cruising women were engaging in empowered connectivity (i.e., choosing with whom and what they wished to stay connected). The study provides an example of a holistic, interdisciplinary, qualitative study of independent travel that makes visible the lived experiences of cruising women traveling because of relationships. Key words: Ethnography; Participant observation; Feminist perspectives; Empowered connectivity; Australia
The Use of Short-Term and Quasi-Steady Influx in Estimating Plasmalemma and Tonoplast Influx in Barley Root Cells at Various External and Internal Chloride Concentrations

Chloride influx measured with 36Cl over a 10 min loading period followed by a 5 min wash in inactive solution is used as an estimate of influx across the plasmalemma in barley roots. Chloride influx measured over a 60 min loading period followed by a 30 min wash is used as an estimate of the quasi-steady influx from the external solution to the vacuole