Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term fracture risk in patients with Crohn's disease: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Osteoporosis is common in patients with Crohn's disease, but less is known about their risk of actual fractures. METHODS The medical records of all 238 Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents diagnosed with Crohn's disease between 1940 and 1993 were reviewed for evidence of subsequent fractures compared with a control group of county residents matched by age and sex. The risk ratio of fracture in patients relative to controls was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The cumulative incidence of fracture following diagnosis was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Sixty-three patients had 117 different fractures. The cumulative incidence of any fracture from the time of diagnosis onward was 36% at 20 years versus 32% in controls (P = 0.792). Compared with controls, the overall risk ratio for any fracture was 0.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-1.4), whereas the relative risk for an osteoporotic fracture was 1.4 (95% CI, 0.7-2.7). The risk ratio for thoracolumbar vertebral fracture was 2.2 (95% CI, 0.9-5.5). Cox proportional hazards regression identified only age as a significant clinical predictor of fracture risk (hazard ratio per 10-year increase in age, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5). Specifically, use of corticosteroids and surgical resection did not predict risk of fracture among these unselected patients with Crohn's disease from the community. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based inception cohort of patients with Crohn's disease, the risk of fracture was not elevated relative to age- and sex-matched controls.
Older Drivers, Crashes and Injuries

Objective: This article aimed to identify the main features of older driver casualty crashes, including detailed descriptions of injury outcomes. Methods: Data were obtained from the Transport Accident Commission insurance claims database for 2 groups of drivers: aged 41 to 55 years (middle-aged drivers) and aged 65 years and older (older drivers). Results: In terms of crash circumstances, the majority of crashes involved a collision with another vehicle (70.0% of middle-aged drivers and 68.7% of older drivers). The 2 main maneuvers at the time of crash were driving straight ahead (44.6% of middle-aged drivers and 42.8% of older drivers) and turning right (equivalent of left turn in North America; 15.2% of middle-aged drivers and 17.6% of older drivers). In terms of injury outcomes, older drivers sustained a significantly higher proportion of injuries to the thorax (30.9% compared to 18.5% of middle-aged drivers). Conversely, a significantly higher proportion of middle-aged drivers sustained some form of injury to the neck (30.6% compared to 12.1% of older drivers). Conclusion: These findings highlight the situations that are particularly risky for older drivers and provide important insights for developing solutions to reduce older driver crash and injury risk.
Explorer Data Driven Approximation with Bounded Resources

This paper proposes BEAS, a resource-bounded scheme for querying relations. It is parameterized with a resource ratio α ∈ (0, 1], indicating that given a big dataset D, we can only afford to access an α-fraction of D with limited resources. For a query Q posed on D, BEAS computes exact answers Q(D) if doable and otherwise approximate answers, by accessing at most α|D| amount of data in the entire process. Underlying BEAS are (1) an access schema, which helps us identify and fetch the part of data needed to answer Q, (2) an accuracy measure to assess approximate answers in terms of their relevance and coverage w.r. t. exact answers, (3) an Approximability Theorem for the feasibility of resource-bounded approximation, and (4) algorithms for query evaluation with bounded resources. A unique feature of BEAS is its ability to answer unpredictable queries, aggregate or not, using bounded resources and assuring a deterministic accuracy lower bound. Using real-life and synthetic data, we empirically verify the effectiveness and efficiency of BEAS.
Membrane deinsertion of SecA underlying proton motive force‐dependent stimulation of protein translocation

The proton motive force (PMF) renders protein translocation across the Escherichia coli membrane highly efficient, although the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. The membrane insertion and deinsertion of SecA coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis, respectively, are thought to drive the translocation. We report here that PMF significantly decreases the level of membrane‐inserted SecA. The prlA4 mutation of SecY, which causes efficient protein translocation in the absence of PMF, was found to reduce the membrane‐inserted SecA irrespective of the presence or absence of PMF. The PMF‐dependent decrease in the membrane‐inserted SecA caused an increase in the amount of SecA released into the extra‐membrane milieu, indicating that PMF deinserts SecA from the membrane. The PMF‐dependent deinsertion reduced the amount of SecA required for maximal translocation activity. Neither ATP hydrolysis nor exchange with external SecA was required for the PMF‐dependent deinsertion of SecA. These results indicate that the SecA deinsertion is a limiting step of protein translocation and is accelerated by PMF, efficient protein translocation thereby being caused in the presence of PMF.
Functionally Disabled Elderly

In order to identify the patterns of health-social services use by impaired elders in the community, it is imperative to examine the relationships among health status, social support, and use of services. The role of social support networks as a mediating factor between psychological symptoms and gerontological health deserves a careful assessment. This study has systematically investigated the use of ambulatory services by 694 elders who had a functionally limiting condition in the Statewide Survey of Older Virginians in 1979.
Maternally and paternally inherited deletion of 7q31 involving the FOXP2 gene in two families

Maternally and Paternally Inherited Deletion of 7q31 Involving the FOXP2 Gene in Two Families O. Zilina,* T. Reimand, P. Zjablovskaja, K. M€annik, M. M€annamaa, A. Traat, H. Puusepp-Benazzouz, A. Kurg, and K. Ounap Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Children’s Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia Pacific Laboratory Medicine Services (PaLMS), Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
EFFECT OF HUMAN SERA ON THE PROPAGATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL BACTERIOPHAGES

Several investigators (Gratia and Jaiman, 1921; Colvin, 1932) have noted the failure of lysis of susceptible bacteria by bacteriophage in various body fluids. In studies with mycobacteriophages (White and Knight, 1959) it was shown that a factor precipitated by ammonium sulfate in the y-globulin fraction of human serum prevented propagation by mycobacteriophage D-29 on human tubercle bacilli. In these studies, serum did not neutralize phage D-29 and did not prevent attachment of phage to tubercle bacilli. Since it was also found that serum prevented propagation of phage D-29 on human tubercle bacilli but not on Mycobacterium ATCC 607, it was concluded that serum probably acted on the tubercle bacilli after adsorption had occurred. Studies have now been completed on the effect of serum on the propagation of staphylococcal bacteriophages which demonstrate that human serum prevents propagation of staphylococcal bacteriophages apparently by acting on the staphylococcus after adsorption has occurred.
An analytical model of the perceptual threshold function for multichannel image compression

The human observer is often the final judge of the quality of compressed images. One way to design a compression system that attempts to reduce or eliminate subjective distortions in the coded images is to incorporate a perceptual threshold function model into the compression system. The perceptual threshold function describes the amount of quantisation error that can be introduced into a particular component of the image without introducing any visual distortions. This paper describes an analytical approach for the determination of the perceptual threshold values for use in an arbitrary multichannel image compression system. Experimental results obtained from a compression system that incorporates the perceptual threshold function are also included in the paper.
Proteomic Analysis of Lysosomal Acid Hydrolases Secreted by Osteoclasts

Osteoclasts, the bone-digesting cells, are polarized cells that secrete acid hydrolases into a resorption lacuna where bone degradation takes place. The molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. To analyze the nature of acid hydrolases secreted by osteoclasts, we used the mouse myeloid Raw 264.7 cell line that differentiates in vitro into mature osteoclasts in the presence of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. Upon differentiation, we observed a strong increase in the secretion of mannose 6-phosphate-containing acid hydrolases. A proteomic analysis of the secreted proteins captured on a mannose 6-phosphate receptor affinity column revealed 58 different proteins belonging to several families of acid hydrolases of which 16 are clearly involved in bone homeostasis. Moreover these acid hydrolases were secreted as proproteins. The expression of most of the identified acid hydrolases is unchanged during osteoclastogenesis. Thus, our data strongly support the notion that the polarized secretion of acid hydrolases by osteoclasts results from a reorganization of key steps of membrane traffic along the lysosomal pathway rather than from a fusion of lysosomes with the membrane facing the resorption lacuna.
A genomewide DNA microsatellite association study of Japanese patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 1

Genetic predisposition to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is linked mainly to HLA class II genes. We previously searched the whole HLA region for AIH susceptibility genes using microsatellite markers and found only HLA‐DR/DQ to be a candidate region for this suspected multifactorial disease. As such, the aim of this study was to broaden our search and screen the whole genome for additional genes that might contribute to type 1 AIH susceptibility. Eighty‐one patients with type 1 AIH (15 men, 66 women, average age 55.9) and 80 healthy sex‐ and age‐matched Japanese controls were enrolled in this study. We performed a case‐control association study using 400 polymorphic microsatellite markers with an average spacing of 10.8 cM distributed throughout the whole genome. Two markers, one on chromosome 11 (D11S902, Pc = 0.013) and one on chromosome 18 (D18S464, Pc = 0.008), were revealed to have statistically significant associations with AIH. An additional 7 markers (D2S367, D6S309, D9S273, D11S1320, D16S423, D17S938, and D18S68) were also found to be candidate susceptibility regions. In addition, our results showed there were 17 regions that may contain genes of resistance to AIH. No specific markers were detected in HLA‐DR4‐negative patients, and no differences were seen in the clinical courses of patients (severe versus mild to moderate). Conclusion: This first genomewide scan of Japanese AIH patients revealed at least 26 candidate AIH susceptibility or resistance regions other than HLA class II loci. These results also suggested that the products of several genes interact to determine heritable susceptibility to AIH. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:384–390.)
A Cognitive- Behavioral Therapeutic Program for Patients With Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder

The goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy of a manualized cognitive-behavioral therapeutic (CBT) approach for patients with obesity and binge eating disorder (BED) on the short and longer term. A prospective study without a control group consisting of three measurements (a baseline measurement and two follow-up assessments up to 5 years after the start of the CBT treatment) was used. A total of 56 patients with obesity and BED (age = 39.7 ± 10-9 years; body mass index [BMI] = 38.5 ± 8.3 kg/m2) participated in the study. BMI, number of binges per week, general psychological well-being, mood, attitude toward one’s body, and loss of control over the eating behavior were evaluated by means of mixed models. Results indicate that a CBT approach offered 1 day a week during an average 7 months produces benefits on eating behaviors, weight, and psychological parameters that are durable up to 3.5 years post treatment.
Biologia Plantarum Xx (x): Xxx-xxx, 20xx Silicon Enhances the Tolerance of Poa Annua to Cadmium by Inhibiting Its Absorption and Oxidative Stress

Silicon (Si) could enhance plant tolerance to heavy metals; however, the mechanism of Si-mediated alleviation of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Poa annua was not clear. In this study, we found that 100 µM Cd significantly inhibited the growth of Poa annua seedlings. Furthermore, Cd enhanced the H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde content. The activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were enhanced, but the catalase and peroxidase activities were reduced by Cd treatment. Cd also altered the activity and expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in Poa annua roots. Application of Na 3 PO 4 , an inhibitor of G6PDH, decreased the activity of G6PDH, the expression of G6PDH, and increased the Cd toxicity, suggesting that G6PDH is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress induced by Cd. Application of 1 mM Si alleviated the inhibition of Cd on the growth of Poa annua seedlings. Si application not only led to reduced oxidative injuries but also decreased the accumulation of Cd in Poa annua seedlings under Cd stress. Furthermore, Si restored the activity of G6PDH and the expression of G6PDH under Cd stress to the normal level, which demonstrated that Si attenuates the Cd toxicity in Poa annua probably through inducing the expression of G6PDH. When G6PDH was inhibited, the alleviation impact of Si on Cd stress was abolished. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the Cd tolerance in Poa annua enhanced by Si is mainly due to the decrease of Cd uptake in roots and lowering the oxidative stress induced by Cd.
Urinary excretion of aldosterone, arginine vasopressin and Cortisol in premature infants with maximum renal acid stimulation

Of 452 low–birth–weight infants who were routinely screened for maximum renal acid stimulation (MRAS) (urine pH < 5.4), 149 episodes of incipient late metabolic acidosis (urine pH < 5.4 on 2 consecutive days) were randomly allocated to either a control group or treatment with NaHCO3 or NaCl (2 mmol/kg/day each) for 7 days. Urinary excretion of aldosterone–18–glucuronide (Aldo), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and Cortisol was determined in timed urine samples. On day 1, patients with MRAS showed a tendency towards increased urinary excretion of Aldo compared with infants without MRAS. In patients who received alkali therapy, urinary excretion of Aldo, AVP and Cortisol decreased or showed a trend to lower values from day 1 to day 7, whereas in patients with MRAS but no specific therapy, Aldo and AVP showed a tendency to increase. We concluded that persistent MRAS is not only characterized by a reduced rate of weight gain and a tendency to decreased nitrogen assimilation, but also increased secretion of Aldo and AVP.
Breadth and specialization in microhabitat selection: The case of the Algerian Mouse (Mus spretus) in Central Spain

This study analyses microhabitat selection and spatial distribution in the Algerian Mouse, a typical small Mediterranean mammal that has been the subject of just a few habitat selection studies. Study on a microhabitat scale seems suitable for determining the influence of environmental changes on the trade-off between foraging and shelter. The microhabitat selection pattern was analysed in three different macrohabitats; a cereal crop, an olive grove and a dehesa (grazing woodland). Thirty Sherman traps were set up on four nights within each macrohabitat (120 trap-nights per macrohabitat) and variables relating to vertical and horizontal vegetation structure were measured. ANOVA was used to evaluate differences between capture points and those where no captures occurred, with respect to the most important environmental gradients, as defined by PCA axes with the original habitat variables. Predictive models of the presence of the Algerian mouse were constructed using the original variables for each macrohabitat by means of generalized linear models. The point spatial pattern was analysed by Ripley’s K function. PCA axes for vegetation structure and food availability showed significant differences between capture points and no-capture points. Predictive models for each macrohabitat differed in their explicative variables. Variables that defined a more closed vegetation structure were more important in the cereal crop whereas food availability variables had an important role in olive groves. The small-scale spatial pattern was uniform and associated with the territorial behaviour of the species. At a higher spatial scale the pattern tends to randomness. The Algerian Mouse seems to have a broader niche in relation to vegetation structure than to food resources, and is capable of modifying its microhabitat selection patterns as a function of the macrohabitats in which it occurs
Suppression of Cathepsins B and L Causes a Proliferation of Lysosomes and the Formation of Meganeurites in Hippocampus

Cultured hippocampal slices exhibited prominent ultrastructural features of brain aging after exposure to an inhibitor of cathepsins B and L. Six days of treatment withN-CBZ-L-phenylalanyl-l-alanine-diazomethylketone (ZPAD) resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of lysosomes in the perikarya of neurons and glial cells throughout the slices. Furthermore, lysosomes in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells were not restricted to the soma but instead were located throughout dendritic processes. Clusters of lysosomes were commonly found within bulging segments of proximal dendrites that were notable for an absence of microtubules and neurofilaments. Although pyknotic nuclei were sometimes encountered, most of the cells in slices exposed to ZPAD for 6 d appeared relatively normal. Slices given 7 d of recovery contained several unique features, compared with those processed immediately after incubation with the inhibitor. Cell bodies of CA1 neurons were largely cleared of the excess lysosomes but had gained fusiform, somatic extensions that were filled with fused lysosomes and related complex, dense bodies. These appendages, similar in form and content to structures previously referred to as “meganeurites,” were not observed in CA3 neurons or granule cells. Because meganeurites were often interposed between cell body and axon, they have the potential to interfere with processes requiring axonal transport. It is suggested that inactivation of cathepsins B and L results in a proliferation of lysosomes and that meganeurite generation provides a means of storing residual catabolic organelles. The accumulated material could be eliminated by pinching off the meganeurite but, at least in some cases, this action would result in axotomy. Reduced cathepsin L activity, increased numbers of lysosomes, and the formation of meganeurites are all reported to occur during brain aging; thus, it is possible that the infusion of ZPAD into cultured slices sets in motion a greatly accelerated gerontological sequence.
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease

A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine
Deformation and Slip Along the Sunda Megathrust in the Great 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake

Seismic rupture produced spectacular tectonic deformation above a 400-kilometer strip of the Sunda megathrust, offshore northern Sumatra, in March 2005. Measurements from coral microatolls and Global Positioning System stations reveal trench-parallel belts of uplift up to 3 meters high on the outer-arc islands above the rupture and a 1-meter-deep subsidence trough farther from the trench. Surface deformation reflects more than 11 meters of fault slip under the islands and a pronounced lessening of slip trenchward. A saddle in megathrust slip separates the northwestern edge of the 2005 rupture from the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman rupture. The southeastern edge abuts a predominantly aseismic section of the megathrust near the equator.
The Effect of Natural Growth Regulators Obtained from Ecklonia Maxima and Mineral Nitrogen on True Protein and Simple Sugar Contents of Dactylis Glom

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak on true protein and simple sugar contents of Dactylis glomerata and Festulolium braunii at different nitrogen rates. A field experiment was set up as a randomised sub-block design (split-split-plot) with three replicates. The following factors were ha-1, pure-sown grass species and cultivars (monoculture). Protein compounds and simple sugars were determined in the dry matter of plants, and a carbohydrate/protein ratio was calculated. The Ecklonia maxima extract significantly increased true protein and simple sugar contents as well as the sugar/protein ratio in the tested plants. Nitrogen rates significantly influenced protein and sugar contents in the dry matter of Dactylis glomerata and Festulolium braunii. The carbohydrate/protein ratio averaged 1.07 and was within the range of values which are believed to be optimal for ruminants
Primates as a Model for Human Viral Hepatitis: Transmission of Infection by Human Hepatitis B Virus

Abstract. With complement fixation, Australia antigen was detected in one, and antibody in 6 out of 50 chimpanzees. Seven other apes, and 48 monkeys were negative. All positive chimpanzees clustered in one colony comprising 15 animals, and antibody titres decreased simultaneously over a period of several months. This indicates an infectious pattern of Australia antigenaemia and antibodies in chimpanzees. Antigen and antibodies were undistinguishable from those of man.