Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Security-Aware RWA for Dynamic Traffic Using Path Protection In WDM Networks

Security and attack management have become the prime concern for the network operators due to high data transfer rates and vulnerabilities associated with transparency in WDM networks. In the recent years, there is a substantial increase in perception to develop suitable mechanisms for subduing the adverse effects of malicious attacks such as high power jamming and tapping attacks.In transparent optical networks (TONs) traffic is carried over the optical fibers in the form of signals called lightpaths, creating a virtual topology over the physical interconnections of an optical fiber. This allows an exchange of an enormous amount of data at a very high speed. A fault or an attack on the network can lead to data tampering and data loss. Unlike faults, malicious attacks may not be localized and we cannot handle them with the standard fault-tolerance mechanisms in WDM networks. The Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem assigns appropriate routes and wavelengths to all associated lightpaths in the network. Most the researchers considered the static traffic model, where the network requests (i.e. lightpaths to be established) are known in advance and last over long durations. In this thesis, we are solving the security-aware problem for dynamic requests by using protection strategy known as dedicated path protection (DPP). In the dynamic model, lightpaths are generated on-demand, and RWA must be performed based on available resources that are not being used by ongoing lightpaths. We propose an Integer linear programming (ILP) formulation to maximize requests satisfaction and reducing the disruption in the network due to malicious attacks (In-band and out-band).
Foliar plasticity of hybrid spruce in relation to crown position and stand age.

This study examined the foliar response of putative hybrid Engelmann × white × Sitka spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) needles in relation to crown position and across three stages of development (15, 55, and 145 years). We focused on the morphological and anatomical response, and used physiological measures (photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) to emphasize the important relationship between structure and function. We found that needles from the upper outer crown position were adaptated to reduce stress from evapotranspiration. Trees from the 15- and 55-year-old stands generally responded the most, and trees from the 145-year-old stand responded the least. As they mature, these spruce trees may have reduced ability to adapt to their environment. Some of our results contradict what the literature considers "typical" for sun-shade dimorphism in temperate forests. For example, in all stands, sun needles were broader than shade needles and, in t.
Nighttime OClO in the winter Arctic vortex

[1] We show that a nighttime profile of OClO in the Arctic vortex during the winter of 2000 is overestimated, by nearly a factor of 2, using an isentropic trajectory model constrained by observed profiles of ClOx (ClO + 2 × ClOOCl) and BrO. Calculated abundances of nighttime OClO are shown to be sensitive to the abundance of BrOx (BrO + BrCl), details of the air parcel history during the most recent sunrise/sunset transitions, and the BrCl yield from the reaction BrO + ClO. Many uncertainties are considered, and the discrepancy between measured and modeled nighttime OClO appears to be robust. This discrepancy suggests that production of OClO occurs more slowly than implied by standard photochemistry. If the yield of BrCl from the reaction of BrO + ClO is increased from 7% (JPL 2002 value) to 11% (near the upper limit of the uncertainty), good agreement is found between measured and modeled nighttime OClO. This study highlights the importance of accurate knowledge of BrO + ClO reaction kinetics as well as air parcel trajectories for proper interpretation of nighttime OClO. These factors have a considerably smaller impact on the interpretation of OClO observations obtained during twilight (90° ≤ SZA ≤ 92°), when photolytic processes are still active.
Effect of surface passivation process for AlGaN/GaN HEMT heterostructures using phenol functionalized-porphyrin based organic molecules

In this work, we investigate an unexplored possibility of passivating the charged surface states on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) heterostructures by using organic molecules. This has further led to remarkable enhancement in the electrical properties of rectifying metal-semiconductor contacts on AlGaN/GaN. Phenol functionalized Zinc metallated-Tetra Phenyl Porphyrin (Zn-TPPOH) organic molecules were adsorbed on AlGaN/GaN via the solution phase to form a molecular layer (MoL). The presence of the MoL was confirmed using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The thickness of the MoL was assessed as ∼1 nm, using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy. XPS peak-shift analyses together with Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy revealed that the molecular surface modification reduced the surface potential of AlGaN by approximately 250 meV. Consequently, the Barrier height (ideality factor) of Ni Schottky diodes on AlGaN/GaN was increased (reduced) significantly from 0.91 ± 0.05 eV (2.5 ± 0.31) for Ni/AlGaN/GaN to 1.37 ± 0.03 eV (1.4 ± 0.29) for Ni/Zn-TPPOH/AlGaN/GaN. In addition, a noteworthy decrement in the reverse current from 2.6 ± 1.93 μA to 0.31 ± 0.19 nA at −5 V (∼10 000 times) was observed from Current-Voltage (I-V) measurements. This surface-modification process can be fruitful for improving the performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, mitigating the adverse effects of surface states and polarization in these materials.In this work, we investigate an unexplored possibility of passivating the charged surface states on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) heterostructures by using organic molecules. This has further led to remarkable enhancement in the electrical properties of rectifying metal-semiconductor contacts on AlGaN/GaN. Phenol functionalized Zinc metallated-Tetra Phenyl Porphyrin (Zn-TPPOH) organic molecules were adsorbed on AlGaN/GaN via the solution phase to form a molecular layer (MoL). The presence of the MoL was confirmed using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The thickness of the MoL was assessed as ∼1 nm, using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy. XPS peak-shift analyses together with Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy revealed that the molecular surface modification reduced the surface potential of AlGaN by approximately 250 meV. Consequently, the Barrier height (ideality factor) of Ni Schottky diodes on AlGaN/GaN was increased (reduced) signifi.
H-mode pedestal scaling in DIII-D, ASDEX Upgrade, and JET

Multi device pedestal scaling experiments in the DIII-D, ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) and JET tokamaks are presented in order to test two plasma physics pedestal width models. The first model proposes a scaling of the pedestal width Δ/a ρ * 1/2 to ρ * based on the radial extent of the pedestal being set by the point where the linear turbulence growth rate exceeds the ExB velocity. In the multi device experiment where ρ * at the pedestal top was varied by a factor of four while other dimensionless parameters where kept fixed, it has been observed that the temperature pedestal width in real space coordinates scales with machine size, and that therefore the gyroradius scaling suggested by the model is not supported by the experiments. This density pedestal width is not invariant with ρ * which after comparison with a simple neutral fuelling model may be attributed to variations in the neutral fuelling patterns. The second model, EPED1, is based on kinetic ballooning modes setting the limit of the radial extent of the pedestal region and leads to Δ βp 1/2 . All three devices show a scaling of the pedestal width in normalised poloidal flux as Δ βp 1/2 , as described by the kinetic ballooning model, however on JET and AUG this could not be distinguished from an interpretation where the pedestal is fixed in real space. Pedestal data from all three devices have been compared with the predictive pedestal model EPED1 and the model produces pedestal height values that match the experimental data well.
Gender Similarity and Individual Creativity as Moderators of the Relationship between Informal Leadership and Leader-Member- Exchange: A Longitudinal Study

This longitudinal study examines the quality relationship building between informal and formal leadership. Multisource data gathering technique was used to collect data from 46 teams with 333 subordinates and 46 supervisors at time 1 and 33 teams with 189 subordinates and 33 supervisors at time 2 of an Insurance company operating in Pakistan. Using threat theory we tested two contingencies: demographic similarity and competency on relationship building between informal and formal leadership. We found that Informal leadership position is positively related with Leader Member Exchange (LMX) quality and provided support to LMX literature that informal leadership precede LMX. We also found support for competency threat to shape relationship between informal leadership and LMX. Implications and future research directions also discussed. Keywords: Demographic Similarity, Education Similarity, Informal Leadership, Individual Creativity, Leader Member Exchange (LMX), Vertical Relations, Value Threat.
Effect of Compost and Mixed Oilseed Cake Application Rates on Soil Chemical Properties, Plant Growth, and Yield of Organic Bulb Onions

This study was performed to determine the effect of the application rate of beef cattle manure compost (BCMC) and mixed oilseed cake (MOC) on soil nutrients, plant growth, and bulb yield of intermediate-day onions (Allium cepa L.) in two different locations over two consecutive growing seasons. Trials were conducted at two organic onion growers’ fields (one in Sangju county and one in Hamyang county) during the growing seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. Treatments included BCMC applied at a rate of 0 or 30 t·ha-1 and MOC applied at rates of 0, 3, 6, and 9 t·ha-1. The average air temperature in 2013/2014 was higher than that in 2012/2013 at both sites. All soil nutrient contents in the experimental fields were higher at harvest in 2013/2014 than in 2012/2013 except for exchangeable calcium. Soil nutrients were higher at harvest in Sangju than in Hamyang except for available phosphorus. Soils incorporated with BCMC had higher electrical conductivity, nitrogen, average phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium contents compared with soil without compost. Onions grown in 2013/2014 at Hamyang with BCMC produced higher yields compared to those grown in 2012/2013 at Sangju without BCMC. However, differences in plant growth between the two experimental sites and among MOC application rates were not affected by soil nutrient content. Onions grown in 2013/2014 at Hamyang with BCMC produced higher yields compared to those in grown in 2012/2013 at Sangju without BCMC. Application of MOC increased bulb yield compared with no MOC; however, there was no significant difference among application rates. Therefore, we recommend applying BCMC at a rate of 30 t·ha-1 every year and restricting MOC fertilizer applications to 3 t·ha-1 based on soil nutrient status to produce optimum organic onion yields. Additional key words: Allium cepa L. , fertilization, organic agriculture, soil nutrients, weather
Performance and Emission of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Preheated Palm Oil Biodiesel under High Load Conditions

Crude palm oil (CPO) is one of the vegetable oil that has potential for use as a fuel in diesel engine. Despite years of improvement attempts, the high viscosity and the major chemically bound oxygen component in the biodiesel fuel play as a key element during combustion process. Purpose of this study is to explore how significant the effect of preheated biodiesel blends on the engine performance and emission. The blending of biodiesel was varied from 5vol%(B5)~ 45vol%(B45) and preheated fuel temperature from 40°C~60°C. The engine speed was varied from 1500 rpm~3000 rpm and the load test conditions of 100% are considered. The performances parameter study of diesel engine in brake power, torque and flywheel torque are described together with the emissions parameter such as opacity, hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon oxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2). Under high load condition, preheated biodiesel blends were found enhancing the combustion process, resulting in better performances. Increased preheated fuel temperature, higher in torque value and brake power increases significantly as the engine speed increases.
Analysis of Phosphorus Behavior in the Giant Reed for Phytoremediation and the Biomass Production System

Macrophyte-cultivated wetlands have a strong potential not only to purify eutrophic water but also to produce biomass resources. Among a variety of macrophytes, we focused on the giant reed (Arundo donax), and its properties of phosphorus uptake, accumulation, and translocation were clarified in this study. Phosphorus uptake experiments using outdoor hydroponic culturing showed the seasonal variation of phosphorus uptake by the giant reed. Furthermore, two kinetic parameters describing the phosphorus uptake by the giant reed were obtained. Phosphorus accumulation experiments using radioactive phosphorus suggested that giant reeds accumulate the absorbed phosphorus in rhizomes, and it is then distributed to the leaves if needed. A phosphorus translocation experiment using radioactive phosphorus indicated that the decreasing of phosphorus in the leaves occurred in the order of location from the bottom to the top, which is relevant to the order of dying down of the plant leaves actually observed in this study. Based on these outcomes, a desirable management method for the giant reed cultivated in wetlands is proposed.
Weighted inequalities for the maximal geometric mean operator

For nonnegative Borel measures (cid:22) on R 1 and for the maximal geometric mean operator G f , we characterize the weight pairs ( w;v ) for which G f is of weak type ( p;p ) and of strong type ( p;p ), 0 < p < 1 . No doubling conditions are needed. We also note that a previously published di(cid:11)erent characterization for the strong type inequality for G f has an incorrect proof.
Non-linear and non-stationary modes of the lower branch of the incompressible boundary layer flow due to a rotating disk

In this paper a theoretical study is undertaken to investigate the structure of the lower branch neutral stability modes of three-dimensional small disturbances imposed on the incompressible Von Karman's boundary layer flow due to a rotating disk. Particular attention is given to the short-wavelength non-linear non-stationary crossflow vortex modes at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers with reasonably small scaled frequencies. Following closely the asymptotic frameworks introduced in [Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 406 (1986), 93-106] and [Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 413 (1987), 497-513] for the stationary linear and non-linear modes, it is revealed here that the non-stationary modes with sufficiently long time scale can also be described by an asymptotic expansion procedure based on the triple-deck theory. Making use of this approach, which takes into account the non-linear and non-parallel effects, the asymptotic structure of the non-stationary modes is shown to be adjusted by a balance between viscous and Coriolis forces, and resulted from the fact of vanishing shear stress at the disk surface. As a consequence of the matching of the solutions in adjacent regions it is found that in the linear case the wavenumber and the orientation of the lower branch modes are governed by an eigenrelation, which is akin to the one obtained previously in [Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 406 (1986), 93-106] for the stationary modes. The asymptotic theory shows that the non-parallelism has a destabilizing effect. A Landau-type equation for the modulated vortex amplitude with coefficients that are often difficult to get from finite Reynolds number computations has also been obtained from a weakly non-linear analysis in the limit of infinitely large Reynolds numbers. The non-linearity has also been found to be destabilizing for both positive and negative frequency waves, though finite amplitude growth of a disturbance having positive frequency close to the neutral location is more effective.
The Utility of Hotspot Mapping for Predicting Spatial Patterns of Crime

1 Director of Geographical Information Science, Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, University College London, Brook House, 2-16 Torrington Place London. WC1E 7HN 2 Research Fellow, Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, University College London, Brook House, 2-16 Torrington Place London. WC1E 7HN 3 Project Consultant, Informed Solutions, The Old Bank, Old Market Place, Altrincham, Cheshire. WA14 4PA, UK
Schur’s partition theorem, companions, refinements and generalizations

Schur's partition theorem asserts the equality S(n) = S1 (n) where S(n) is the number of partitions of n into distinct parts _ 1, 2 (mod 3) and SI (n) is the number of partitions of n into parts with minimal difference 3 and no consecutive multiples of 3. Using a computer search Andrews found a companion result S(n) = S2(n), where S2(n) is the number of partitions of n whose parts e, satisfy e1 e+ I > 3, 2 or 5 according as e= 1, 2 or 3 (mod 3). By means of a new technique called the method of weighted words, a combinatorial as well as a generating function proof of both these theorems are given simultaneously. It is shown that SI (n) and S2(n) are only two of six companion partition functions Sj(n), j = 1, 2, . , 6, all equal to S(n). A three parameter refinement and generalization of these results is obtained.
COMPARISON OF TREE, NUT, AND KERNEL CHARACTERISTICS IN SEVERAL WALNUT SPECIES AND INTER-SPECIFIC HYBRIDS

Mosivand, M. , Hassani, D. , Payamnour, V. , and Jafar Aghaei, M. 2013. Comparison of tree, nut, and kernel characteristics in several walnut species and inter-specific hybrids. Crop Breeding Journal 3(1): 25-30. This study was carried out to investigate the important characteristics in some cultivars/genotypes of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.), black walnut (J. nigra L.), and walnut inter-specific hybrids: Paradox (J. hindsii × J. regia) and Royal (J. hindsii × J. nigra) in Kamalshahr Research Station in Karaj in 2011-2012. In the study, vegetative vigor was evaluated based on trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), canopy diameter, nut related traits such as nut weight and size (thickness, width, height), kernel weight, kernel percentage, kernel color, ease of removal, shell thickness, and oil percent. Results showed very high diversity among the species and interspecific hybrids, so that Paradox with 506 cm had the highest TCSA, which was 214% more than that of J. nigra. Based on canopy diameter, Paradox showed the most vigorous growth, with an average of 7.95 m, while J. regia with 5.05 had about 37% less vigor relative to Paradox. Regarding nut height, it varied from 3.02 cm to 1.48 cm in J. regia and Paradox, respectively. Nut weight varied from 11.5 g in J. nigra to 3.62 g in Paradox. Principal coordinates (PCO) and cluster analysis were used to classify walnut cultivars/genotypes and interspecific hybrids. According to multivariate statistical analysis, the cultivars/genotypes were divided into three groups: black walnut, interspecific hybrids, and Persian walnut.
Computer-Assisted Exposure Treatment for Flight Phobia.

This review introduces the state of the art in computer-assisted treatment for behavioural disorders. The core of the paper is devoted to describe one of these interventions providing computerassisted exposure for flight phobia treatment, the Computer-Assisted Fear of Flying Treatment (CAFFT). The rationale, contents and structure of the CAFFT are presented and data on the efficacy and clinical utility of CAFFT are also provided.
Denoising Deep Monte Carlo Renderings

We present a novel algorithm to denoise deep Monte Carlo renderings, in which pixels contain multiple colour values, each for a different range of depths. Deep images are a more expressive representation of the scene than conventional flat images. However, since each depth bin receives only a fraction of the flat pixel's samples, denoising the bins is harder due to the less accurate mean and variance estimates. Furthermore, deep images lack a regular structure in depth—the number of depth bins and their depth ranges vary across pixels. This prevents a straightforward application of patch‐based distance metrics frequently used to improve the robustness of existing denoising filters. We address these constraints by combining a flat image‐space non‐local means filter operating on pixel colours with a deep cross‐bilateral filter operating on auxiliary features (albedo, normal, etc.). Our approach significantly reduces noise in deep images while preserving their structure. To our best knowledge, our algorithm is the first to enable efficient deep‐compositing workflows with denoised Monte Carlo renderings. We demonstrate the performance of our filter on a range of scenes highlighting the challenges and advantages of denoising deep images.
The Impact of Organizational Culture on Voluntary Disclosure (Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange)

Many organizational and environmental factors affect the information disclosure and the quality of its presentation; organizational culture is the most important factor among these factors. The organizational culture that is based on transparency will provide the information environment dynamism and it will also lead to the improvement of the quality of information disclosure by the business units. This effect is more prominent especially in the countries such as Iran which has a variety of tribes and population groups with different cultures. In this regard, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of organizational culture on the voluntary disclosure in Iranian firms. The study of organizational culture of Iranian firms and its impact on the voluntary disclosure in 2015 has shown that the organizational culture that is based on involvement and consistency has a positive and significant impact on the voluntary disclosure of information. Also, the organizational culture based on a mission has an adverse impact on the voluntary disclosure. These results could be useful for the policies of the senior managers of Iranian firms in the field of organizational culture and they will also lead to the improvement of the implementation of accountability procedures. Also, by identifying and modifying the types of company's organizational culture, we can lead to the enhancement of the voluntary disclosure.