Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Broodstock and Larval Immunization against Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila

Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila have been recognized as the causative agents of mortality in tilapia larvae with single infection and coinfection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of maternal transfer and offspring protection from the immunization of monovalent and bivalent vaccines on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock and larval immunization. Four groups of broodstock were intraperitoneally injected with formalin killed whole-cells of S. agalactiae (Sa group), A. hydrophila (Ah group), the bivalent mixed vaccine of them (Biv group), and phosphate-buffered saline as a control (Pbs group). Immunization of the larvae produced from immunized broodstock with a bivalent vaccine (Biv1 group) and Pbs (Pbs1 group) was performed by immersion at 20 days after hatch. Larvae produced from the Pbs group were unvaccinated as the control (Pbs2 group). Changes in the specific antibody and relative percent survival were measured. The Sa and Ah groups that could increase specific antibodies and protection against pathogenic bacteria were challenged with the homologous bacteria. The Biv group stimulated and protected against both S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila. The specific antibody of the Biv1 group was higher than the Pbs1 and Pbs2 groups. The last observation in this study showed that the relative percent survival of the Biv group after challenged S. agalactiae, A. hydrophila, and coinfection were 74.74 ± 3.18%, 73.81 ± 8.58%, and 71.48 ± 5.70%, respectively. The use of bivalent vaccines on the broodstock and larvae may be a strategy to reduce mortality in Nile tilapia larvae caused by single pathogen infection of S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila, or coinfection with both S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila.
A microscopic survey on Epicardial hemangioma-like structure in farmed sturgeon, Acipenser baerii

Introduction As the main organ of the cardiovascular system, the vertebrate heart has been the focus of a myriad of morphological, functional, and molecular studies. The heart of fishes has not escaped from this stream of interest, and a wealth of information has accumulated on this subject over the past 50 years (Icardo, 2012). The heart of sturgeons is related to that of other ancient fish and the elasmobranches in that it has a long conus arteriosus endowed with a muscular coat and several rows of conus valves (Icardo et al., 2002). The subepicardium is a thin layer rich in collagen and elastin, fibroblasts, vessels, and nerves (Icardo et al., 2000). Although this constitutes a general description, the subepicardium of the bulbus can be a more complex layer. For instance, it may contain lymphocytes, plasma cells, and dendrite-like cells, and has been implied to be involved in the development of the humoral immune response (Icardo et al., 1999). This is surprising, but it is not an isolated feature in fish. The subepicardium of the sturgeon contains thymus-like tissue (Icardo et al., 2002) which has been implicated in the establishment and the maintenance of the cellular immune responses. Haemangioma is a benign tumor of vascular endothelial cells or their progenitors. This tumor is common in dogs and rare in cats, horses and other domestic animals (Goldschmidt and Hendrick, 2002). Rare occurrences of capillary, cavernous haemangiomas, haemangioendotheliomas and haemangio-endotheliosarcomas affecting integument and visceral
Aggregation in environmental systems – part 2: catchment mean transit times and young water fractions under hydrologic nonstationarity

Abstract. Methods for estimating mean transit times from chemical or isotopic tracers (such as Cl−, δ18O, or δ2H) commonly assume that catchments are stationary (i.e., time-invariant) and homogeneous. Real catchments are neither. In a companion paper, I showed that catchment mean transit times estimated from seasonal tracer cycles are highly vulnerable to aggregation error, exhibiting strong bias and large scatter in spatially heterogeneous catchments. I proposed the young water fraction, which is virtually immune to aggregation error under spatial heterogeneity, as a better measure of transit times. Here I extend this analysis by exploring how nonstationarity affects mean transit times and young water fractions estimated from seasonal tracer cycles, using benchmark tests based on a simple two-box model. The model exhibits complex nonstationary behavior, with striking volatility in tracer concentrations, young water fractions, and mean transit times, driven by rapid shifts in the mixing ratios of fluxes from the upper and lower boxes. The transit-time distribution in streamflow becomes increasingly skewed at higher discharges, with marked increases in the young water fraction and decreases in the mean water age, reflecting the increased dominance of the upper box at higher flows. This simple two-box model exhibits strong equifinality, which can be partly resolved by simple parameter transformations. However, transit times are primarily determined by residual storage, which cannot be constrained through hydrograph calibration and must instead be estimated by tracer behavior. Seasonal tracer cycles in the two-box model are very poor predictors of mean transit times, with typical errors of several hundred percent. However, the same tracer cycles predict time-averaged young water fractions (Fyw) within a few percent, even in model catchments that are both nonstationary and spatially heterogeneous (although they may be biased by roughly 0.1–0.2 at sites where strong precipitation seasonality is correlated with precipitation tracer concentrations). Flow-weighted fits to the seasonal tracer cycles accurately predict the flow-weighted average Fyw in streamflow, while unweighted fits to the seasonal tracer cycles accurately predict the unweighted average Fyw. Young water fractions can also be estimated separately for individual flow regimes, again with a precision of a few percent, allowing direct determination of how shifts in a catchment's hydraulic regime alter the fraction of water reaching the stream by fast flowpaths. One can also estimate the chemical composition of idealized "young water" and "old water" end-members, using relationships between young water fractions and solute concentrations across different flow regimes. These results demonstrate that mean transit times cannot be estimated reliably from seasonal tracer cycles and that, by contrast, the young water fraction is a robust and useful metric of transit times, even in catchments that exhibit strong nonstationarity and heterogeneity.
Realizing person-centred care in residential care facilities for young adults with complex and chronic disabilities: the understanding, perception and beliefs of workers

Young people living with complex and chronic disabilities who require assistance with health-related needs are rarely receiving the optimum support and care that will enable their full participation in society, or simply to live as they choose. For young people with complex disabling health conditions, this situation may not only be unpleasant, but may have a detrimental impact on their outcomes. In Australia, considerable attention has been paid to the relocation of people from institutional care into community settings within purpose-built apartments. However, it is the service model and the residential workers who articulate that service model into practice that are crucial to stimulate better outcomes for young people. In this study, a qualitative design was used to identify the major ways in which residential workers understood and articulated person-centred practice for young people with complex disabilities. Data were thematically analysed using an a priori coding framework. The study identified 4 main themes relevant to person-centred practice in this setting, namely: 1) recognition of the person in time and context; 2) recognition of individuality; 3) recognition of the relationship and 4) promotion of autonomy. Importantly, the themes were connected in a broad and multi-level way through communication. The findings indicate that to enact behaviours congruent with person-centredness, residential care workers may need to reframe their professional role, image and values. However, several barriers hindered this process (i.e., system/organisational constraints, time etc .) and participants clearly needed support, education and/or mentoring to improve their capacity to apply person-centred models and also to create meaningful care partnerships.
Motivation to Learn and Teacher-Student Relationship.

When children enter school for the first time, they encounter a variety of new challenges that include creating positive relationships with peer groups and adults as well as learning to meet the demands of a wide range of cognitive, social, and academic tasks (Baker, 2006; Birch & Ladd, 1997; Pianta, Steinberg, & Rollins, 1995). Infants and young children appear to be mobilized by curiosity and driven by an intense need to explore, interact with, and discover their environment Therefore, understanding and documenting the importance of young children’s motivation to learn is very important. Motivation to learn refers to a competence acquired through general experience that is predominantly stimulated through modeling, communication of expectations, and direct instruction or socialization by significant others (Brophy, 1987). This review of the literature focuses on the importance of young children’s motivation to learn in their academic and social competencies, the effects of the quality of teacher-student relationships on their motivation to learn, and the implications for students who exhibit poor motivation in the early years at school years through the lenses of Self-Determination and Expectancy-Value for Achievement Motivation theories.
Application of the composite maps method for landslide susceptibility assessment and its potential use for other natural risk analyses

Composite maps have previously been applied to paleogeographic reconstructions and as an aid to mineral exploration. However, because they can combine different criteria that are used in risk and feasibility assessment into a single map with equal or weighted input from all the parameters, decisionmaking can be optimized. The methodology is particularly suitable for the evaluation of landslide hazard and susceptibility assessment, as it can combine the unfavourable factors typically associated with mountainous terrains. Composite maps also have the potential to standardize prediction and prevention criteria for different areas. The methodology is described together with an hypothetical example and a real case study in Patagonia, the results of which are compared with a susceptibility analysis of the same area using stochastic methods
Resource Use Efficiency in Arable Crop Production Among Smallholder Farmers in Owerri Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria

The study evaluated resource use efficiency in arable crop production among smallholder farmers in Owerri Agricultural Zone of Imo State. Specifically the study determined the influence of the farm inputs used in arable crop production, estimated the allocative efficiency of smallholder farmers in arable crop production, determined the elasticity of the production and their return to scale. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted in selecting six Local Government Areas (LGAs), two communities from each selected LGA, two villages from each selected community and five farmers from each selected village. Data were collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire from one hundred and twelve farmers. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and efficiency ratio. Results of the analysis showed that resources were not efficiently allocated by the farmers. The farmers over-utilized the resources of labour, planting materials, fertilizer, capital, and underutilized land. There was a significant relationship between output and various inputs used by the farmers. The double log function showed that 86% of the variations in the crop output was determined by the independent variables in the model. There was an increasing return to scale (1.2787) in arable crop production. To reduce the negative consequences of inefficient resource use, farmers should be educated by government and non-governmental agricultural agencies on some fundamental farm management skills which will enable them to plan, evaluate, and appraise their farm business activities. (Researcher. 2010;2(5):14-20). (ISSN: 1553-9865).
The Use of Serum Proteins in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Health Disorders in Ruminants

Although hundreds of proteins exist in blood serum, little is known about the precise composition and entire set of serum proteins in different ruminant species. Under physiological conditions, the production of serum proteins is closely regulated, but alterations in the serum protein pattern may occur in a wide range of diseases and health disorders. During the last several years, substantial progress was seen in the application of serum protein analyses for diagnostic purposes. The serum protein profile is mostly evaluated by serum protein electrophoresis, which allows the identification of protein fractions, each being composed of several individual proteins with similar electrophoretic mobility. Many disease processes can cause changes in the concentrations of serum proteins. Therefore, the determination of their concentrations and the evaluation of changes in their concentrations during the disease process may provide important diagnostic information for assessing the health state. Despite this usefulness, the evaluation of serum protein pattern is still relatively a less frequently used laboratory diagnostic technique in ruminant medicine. Thus, the usefulness of serum proteins in the diagnosis of health disorders and the possible clinical application of the results of the electrophoretic separation of serum proteins in ruminants will be reviewed in this chapter.
Explanation Through Network Visualization

Assessments of configurations, dynamics, and cause and effect are at the heart of our thinking and explanation. Although numerous methods for such assessments have been developed and are being used in daily scientific practice, visualization is usually not considered to be one of them. In this article we first argue that this is due to the common practice of visualizing data rather than the information contained in it; second, we address a number of principles for effective visualization; and third, we assess visualizations generated by the software tool visone in order to explain network outcomes using these principles.
A high-throughput contact-hole resolution metric for photoresists: full-process sensitivity study

The ability to accurately quantify the intrinsic resolution of chemically amplified photoresists is critical for the optimization of resists for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. We have recently reported on two resolution metrics that have been shown to extract resolution numbers consistent with direct observation. In this paper we examine the previously reported contact-hole resolution metric and explore the sensitivity of the metric to potential error sources associated with the experimental side of the resolution extraction process. For EUV exposures at the SEMATECH Berkeley microfield exposure tool, we report a full-process error-bar in extracted resolution of 1.75 nm RMS and verify this result experimentally.
The Changing Geometry of Self-Thinned Mixed Stands

The author uses an analytical procedure he developed, and simulated data of selfthinned even-aged mixed stands of Quercus robur+Pinus pinaster, Pseudotsuga menziesii+Picea sitchensis, and Pinus nigra ssp.laricio+Pinus pinaster, to scrutinize the allometry and fractal geometry of this type of stands. He verified that they are highly variable. They continuously change with initial proportions of each population, and age.
Evaluation of Accompaniment of ABO Blood Groups System and Rhesus blood group types with Infection to Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in Hamadan, Iran

People with certain blood groups and Rh positive are more prone to infections transmitted by blood transfusion. The aim of this research was to survey the of accompaniment of ABO Blood Group System and Rh type with infection to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Hamadan Blood Transfusion Organization, Iran. This was a retrospective study in patients during years 2006-2013 in Hamadan blood transfusion Organization. The population of blood donors were tested for blood borne infections, including HBsAg and HCV. Logistic regression was used and collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.The number of 1036 cases of referred population had a background of infected hepatitis B and C. Different blood groups had not a significant effect on the incidence of hepatitis B and C viruses. But the Rh difference had a significant effect so that people with Rh-negative, had the risk of incidences to hepatitis B as 0.53 folds than positives while people with Rh-positive, had the risk of incidences to hepatitis C as 1.87 folds than Rh-negatives. This study emphasizes that there is a more possibility for transmission of HBV and HCV infections for people with negative and positive Rh more than others do but it cannot be referred to a specific blood group. It is recommended that in planning of disease prevention in the country, broad spectrum of research will perform about the role of ABO system and Rh in afflicting to viral infections as the priority for sanitation authorities.
Estimating the economic impact of personnel selection tools on counterproductive work behaviors

Well established methods are available for estimating the monetary value of tools used to predict job performance in personnel selection. However, similar methods for estimating the value of tools used to predict counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) have been less well researched. This article presents two possible techniques for studying the latter issue among job applicants. The techniques are based primarily on rational estimates of SDy for CWB, and on the toolsâ€™ true-positive rates. Anecdotal validity evidence is then used to demonstrate each technique. While more comprehensive research is still needed in this area, methods such as these may already facilitate better informed personnel decisions for managing CWB.
Boundedness of maximal operators of Schrödinger type with complex time

Results of P. Sj\"olin and F. Soria on the Schr\"odinger maximal operator with complex-valued time are improved by determining up to the endpoint the sharp $s \geq 0$ for which boundedness from the Sobolev space $H^s(\mathbb{R})$ into $L^2(\mathbb{R})$ occurs. Bounds are established for not only the Schr\"odinger maximal operator, but further for a general class of maximal operators corresponding to solution operators for certain dispersive PDEs. As a consequence of additional bounds on these maximal operators from $H^s(\mathbb{R})$ into $L^2([-1, 1])$, sharp results on the pointwise almost everywhere convergence of the solutions of these PDEs to their initial data are determined.
Validation of the WRF regional climate model over the subregions of Southeast Asia: climatology and interannual variability

This study investigates the capability of a regional climate model in simulating the climate variability over Southeast Asia (SE Asia). The present-day climate, covering the period 1991 to 2015, was dynamically downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a horizontal resolution of 27 km. The initial and boundary conditions for the WRF model is provided with the European Centre for medium-range weather forecasting (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data. The model reproduced the mean precipitation climatology as well as the annual cycle. Nevertheless, the model overestimated the boreal summer precipitation over the SE Asian mainland, and underestimated the boreal winter precipitation over the Indonesian region. Model biases are associated with the bias in simulating the vertically integrated moisture fluxes. At an interannual scale, the model shows good performance over the SE Asian mainland and the Philippines in all seasons except for the boreal summer. The influence of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainfall over mainland SE Asia and the Philippines during JJA is weak, and the model successfully simulated the weak relationship realistically. In contrast, model interannual variability over the Indonesia region is good only in boreal summer and autumn seasons. This is because the model successfully simulated the significant negative correlation between rainfall and ENSO. The influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is seen only in the boreal autumn over the Indonesian region, and the model reproduced it reasonably well. The improvement in the representation of precipitation anomaly associated with ENSO/IOD is due to reasonably accurate simulation of large-scale circulation over SE Asia.
Teaching spoken discourse markers explicitly: A comparison of III and PPP

This article reports on mixed methods classroom research carried out at a British university. The study investigates the effectiveness of two different explicit teaching frameworks, IllustrationInteraction � Induction (III) and PresentPracticeProduce (PPP) used to teach the same spoken discourse markers (DMs) to two different groups of Chinese learners and compared to a control group. Univariate analysis of the pre -and post-tests indicated statistically significant differences between the PPP grou p and III/control groups in terms of a higher mean usage of the target DMs in the immediate post -test. Qualitative results demonstrated that the PPP group generally found this method to be more useful, which tallied with their better performances i n the te Both groups also articulated a desire for a different kind of practice to be used in class, based on rehearsal for real world tasks. This suggests a need to re -conceptualise practice within III, PPP or other teaching frameworks.
Measurement of radon concentration inside houses in Tafila Province, Jordan.

The scope of this paper is to present a brief study related to the investigations we have already made at three districts of Tafila province, which is located in the south part of Jordan and where the most important hot spa and phosphate mines are located. The main concern in these investigations is to measure the indoor radon concentration levels by means of CR-39 detectors installed in randomly selected houses during winter season. The exposure time started from December 2008 and lasted for ninety days. After exposure, the detectors were etched in aKOH solution at 70°C for 8 h. The obtained average values of indoor radon concentration in the three different districts were ranged from 20.45 to 32.41 Bq/m3. It was found out that the Ayma district possesses the highest radon concentration. Meanwhile, the district of Aina Al-Badah possesses the lowest. Key words: Indoor radon, CR-39, passive dosimeter, exposure time.