Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus

Activity‐dependent long‐term synaptic changes were investigated at glutamatergic synapses in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the rat hypothalamus. In acute hypothalamic slices, high frequency stimulation (HFS) of afferent fibres caused long‐term potentiation (LTP) of the amplitude of AMPA receptor‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) recorded with the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. LTP was also obtained in response to membrane depolarization paired with mild afferent stimulation. On the other hand, stimulating the inputs at 5 Hz for 3 min at resting membrane potential caused long‐term depression (LTD) of excitatory transmission in the SON. These forms of synaptic plasticity required the activation of NMDA receptors since they were abolished in the presence of d‐AP5 or ifenprodil, two selective blockers of these receptors. Analysis of paired‐pulse facilitation and trial‐to‐trial variability indicated that LTP and LTD were not associated with changes in the probability of transmitter release, thereby suggesting that the locus of expression of these phenomena was postsynaptic. Using sharp microelectrode recordings in a hypothalamic explant preparation, we found that HFS also generates LTP at functionally defined glutamatergic synapses formed between the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis and SON neurons. Taken together, our findings indicate that glutamatergic synapses in the SON exhibit activity‐dependent long‐term synaptic changes similar to those prevailing in other brain areas. Such forms of plasticity could play an important role in the context of physiological responses, like dehydration or lactation, where the activity of presynaptic glutamatergic neurons is strongly increased.
Are government employees adopting local e-government transformation?: The need for having the right attitude, facilitating conditions and performance expectations

Purpose This study aims to examine the association of technology acceptance variables with the intention of adopting e-government transformation, as defined by four dimensions, namely, using new technology systems, redesigning of governmental processes, restructuring of governmental organization and changing the organizational culture and behavior, from the perspective of city government employees in Indonesia and the Philippines. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative approach was used in the conduct of this research. Variables were operationalized into indicators, which were transmuted into a self-reported survey questionnaire. Survey data obtained from purposively sampled city government employees were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings Findings suggest that attitude is a pivotal predictor of intention to adopt e-government transformation across all four dimensions, while performance expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions also positively influence the intention to adopt process redesign, organizational structuring and cultural and behavioral change in the city government. Respondents’ length of work experience appears as a significant moderating variable. Research limitations/implications This study reports only on the findings from two cities in two countries, Surabaya in Indonesia and Davao in the Philippines. The determination of the sample size was done through purposive sampling, so the application of results should be done with prudence. The constructs used for the research model were chosen because of their prominence in the literature. This study made use of a simple linear regression model in hypothesizing the relationships of the constructs. Practical implications For e-government transformation to be adoptable and efficacious, supporting and facilitating conditions are necessary. Structural, technical and financial support, as well as legal framework, for local e-government transformation should be in place. Maintaining and sustaining the positive attitude toward it should be done. Originality/value Although many studies have been conducted on adoption of ICT-enabled government services from the citizens’ viewpoint, little has been done from the local government employees’ perspective, and no prior cross-country study has been made. This study fills those gaps in the e-government adoption literature. Further, this study has shown that technology acceptance variables’ roles as predictors of behavioral intention can be extended to other dimensions of e-government.
Examining the healthy food consumption in full-service restaurants: quality or non-quality cues?

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to examine drivers of perceived value and healthy food consumption within the context of full-service dining restaurant patronage. Specifically, this study examines the influence of quality and non-quality cues on perceived value and the impact of perceived value on postconsumption experience. The model was tested using data collected from a sample of full-service restaurant patrons residing in the United States. Results of a structural equation analysis revealed that restaurant quality cues induce patrons’ perceived value in healthy food consumption. Regarding non-restaurant quality cues, patrons’ health concerns have an impact on perceived value; however the impact of peer pressure and mass media on perceived value did not show significant impact. Data analysis also showed that both perceived value and satisfaction are significant predictors of behavioral intensions. Interpretations of these findings are limited to the full-service restaurant segment and may not be generalized across sectors. The academic and managerial implications of these findings are considered.
Pathway specificity of reticulospinal and vestibulospinal projections in the 11‐day chicken embryo

The organization of the axonal pathways of reticulospinal and vestibulospinal projections in the 11‐day chicken embryo was ascertained through retrograde tracing experiments. An in vitro reparation of the brainstem and cervical spinal cord facilitated precisely localized tracer applications. Single‐ and double‐labelling experiments involving high cervical injections of tracers in combination with selective lesions defined the specific pathways by which different brainstem neurons project to the spinal cord. Coherent, and in many cases distinct, groups of reticulospinal and vestibulospinal neurons could thus be identified on the basis of their position and projection pathway. The organization of these groups and their projections in the 11‐day chicken embryo is similar to that in avian and other vertebrate adults and therefore serves as a reference point for studies of path finding by bulbospinal axons during early development.
Production of nerve growth factor by mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells and expression of TrkA in tumor-associated arteries in mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been suggested to play a role in cancer progression. We found that NGF is specifically elevated in mouse hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) by cDNA array analysis. The present study aimed to elucidate expression of NGF and its receptors during hepatocarcinogenesis and under other conditions. METHODS Expression of NGF, TrkA, and p75NTR was investigated in HCCs developing and regenerating livers, and primary hepatocyte cultures in B6C3F(1) mice by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Northern blotting, and/or immunohistochemistry. The biological activity of NGF produced by the HCC cells was studied by using PC12 cells. Nerve fibers in hepatic tumors were immunohistochemically examined. RESULTS Although NGF was negative in adult and developing livers, it was markedly elevated in focal hepatocytic lesions from early stages of carcinogenesis. Appreciable levels were also detected in regenerating livers and hepatocytes in culture. The conditioned medium of HCC cells caused PC12 neurite outgrowth, but this was reduced on pretreatment of the conditioned medium with an anti-NGF antibody or NGF antisense expression in HCC cells. Although neither TrkA nor p75NTR was detectable in either HCC or normal hepatic cells, TrkA was shown in the walls of tumor-associated arteries that contain abundant nerve fibers. CONCLUSIONS NGF is expressed by hepatocytes during carcinogenesis, regeneration, and primary culture but may have cells other than hepatocytes as the target. TrkA expression and the abundance of nerve fibers in the walls of tumor-associated arteries suggest a possible role for NGF in angiogenesis.
The influence of maternal hypothyroidism and radioactive iodine on rat embryonal development: Thyroid C‐cells

There have been no works devoted to the study of the influence of 131I and maternal 131I‐induced hypothyroidism on the state of the C‐cells in the thyroid gland of the developing embryos. A study was made on the effect of a dose of 150 μCi 131I (0.5 Gy) leading to hypothyroidism in rats, on 35 mother rats and 168 newborn pups. The mother rats were divided into control and four treated groups which were injected with 131I before pregnancy, on gestation days 5, 10, and 16, respectively. Immunohistochemically, the thyroid gland was examined for calcitonin‐positive cells. Maternal hypothyroidism induced by 131I leads to the development of hyperplasia and hyperthrophy of calcitonin‐positive cells in the pups at the time of birth. The discovery of separate C‐cells in the peripheral zone of the thyroid lobe may be evidence of an unbalance in the development of the medial and lateral source of the thyroid. There is a verifiable increase in the quantity of C‐cells per 1 mm2 field of the localization in the central zone of the gestation days 10 and 16 groups. This might be a compensatory mechanism for regulating the activity of the thyroid gland under induced hypothyroidism. Thus, in cases when there is a breakdown in the normal external regulation of the embryonic morphogenesis, a reduction in the level of maternal thyroid hormones and also direct exposure to 131I, there is also a change in the foetus' internal regulatory systems. A change in C‐cell system could lead to the appearance of endocrinological disorders later in life. Anat Rec 256:7–13, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Addressing Risk Governance Deficits throughScenario Modeling Practices

In a world of inevitable regret, those governing risk must build practices that withstand the vicissitudes of actual events by demonstrating that reasonable efforts had been and will continue to be taken despite those harms. However, what is reasonable depends on one’s worldview, and so not giving different worldviews appropriate consideration leads to deficits in the quality of risk governance. This project developed foresight methods for eliciting, discovering, representing, and modeling scenarios which capture the counterfactual forests created by disparate worldviews. These methods employ structural differences between objective and subjective relations toward physical events to delineate the actual points of contention, while maintaining neutrality by remaining strictly grounded in the input of the stakeholders themselves. These methods respect how people frame causal information psychologically, avoiding biases known to affect political judgment. Overall, these methods serve as a reminder that how we ask designs how we think. iii
Biopsy Findings in Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a form of vasculitis restricted to the brain and spinal cord, with protean clinical manifestations and often slowly progressive course. Outcomes vary, ranging from spontaneous resolution to rapid decline and death. Diagnosis of PACNS is based on angiography and/or biopsy. We reviewed surgical biopsies from 46 patients (53 biopsies) with PACNS, including 25 men and 21 women (median age 46, range: 25 to 84 y) and correlated the findings with relevant clinical parameters. Biopsies (51 brain, 2 spinal) were diagnostic of vasculitis in 29 (63%) patients. Three morphologic patterns of vasculitis were observed: acute necrotizing (n=4, 14%); purely lymphocytic (n=8, 28%); and granulomatous (n=17, 58%), 8 associated with deposition of β-A4 amyloid. Biopsies not diagnostic of PACNS (n=17, 37%) showed nonspecific gliosis (53%), mild perivascular mononuclear inflammation (18%), and parenchymal ischemic damage/infarct (18%). All positive biopsies were among those directed to an imaging abnormality (targeted biopsies) and biopsies including leptomeninges were more often positive than those that did not. Thus, where possible, a targeted biopsy that includes leptomeninges is recommended to maximize diagnostic potential. No statistically significant differences in outcome were noted among the 3 histopathologic groups or when comparing biopsy positive versus biopsy negative PACNS groups. Overall the outcomes were relatively favorable, with only 14% mortality or severe morbidity at 1.14 years (mean) after biopsy.
MODEL KOLABORASI STAKEHOLDERS DALAM PENGELOLAAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU (RTH) TAMAN BUNGKUL KOTA SURABAYA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran yang rinci dan akurat tentang model kolaborasi stakeholder dalam pengelolaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Taman Bungkul. Taman Bungkul letaknya strategis berada di pusat Kota Surabaya dan menjadi satu satunya taman kota di Indonesia yang meraih penghargaan tingkat internasional pada tahun 2013. Pengelolaan Taman Bungkul dilakukan dengan konsep pengelolaan taman terpadu yang melibatkan kolaborasi pemerintah, BUMN, BUMD, dan masyarakat. Persoalan yang ingin dijawab adalah bagaimana model kolaborasi stakeholder dalam pengelolaan Taman Bungkul Kota Surabaya. Untuk mengetahui model kolaborasi tersebut digunakan dua belas elemen kolaborasi yang merupakan hasil elaborasi dari model kolaborasi Anshell dan Gash, Emerson, Nabatchi dan Balogh, Donahue dan Zeckhauser, Agranoff dan Mcguire, serta Thompson dan Perry. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode wawancara mendalam, observasi, dokumentasi, studi dokumen, dan penelusuran data online. Penentuan informan dilakukan secara purposive dengan total 21 informan yang terdiri dari pemerintah, BUMN, BUMD, dan kelompok masyarakat. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa model kolaborasi stakeholders pengelolaan Taman Bungkul didalamnya terdapat kolaborasi antara DKRTH, instansi pemerintah terkait, PT. Telkom, PDAM, dan masyarakat dengan peran, tugas, dan tanggung jawab masing masing. Diantara semua stakeholders terdapat kepercayaan internal yang dipicu oleh komitmen masing masing aktor dalam bentuk partisipasi untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Kepercayaan internal memudahkan dilakukannya konsensus aktor kolaborasi dalam menentukan tindakan tindakan pengelolaan taman. Motivasi, interdependensi, kepemimpinan, monitoring, dan transparansi juga berpengaruh terhadap jenis dan wujud partisipasi yang akan diberikan dalam kolaborasi pengelolaan taman. Inti dari model kolaborasi adalah partisipasi, motivasi, tujuan bersama, kepercayaan internal, dan komitmen terhadap proses sedangkan konsensus, monitoring, transparansi, interdependensi, dan kepemimpinan hanya sebagai elemen pendukung kolaborasi.
The effect of auditor quality to professional skepticsm and its relationship to audit quality

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between auditor quality to professional skepticism and between auditor quality and professional skepticism to audit quality. Design/methodology/approach The analysis method to test the causal effect of auditor quality to profesional skepticism and audit quality. The respondent in this research is the auditor in the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia in South Sulawesi province using questionnaire. The analysis tool used in this research is partial least square. Findings The auditor quality has direct effect on the professional skepticism. Professional skepticism has direct effect on the audit quality. The auditor quality has no direct effect on audit quality, but auditor quality has indirect effect on audit quality with mediation of professional skepticism. Originality/value This paper shows a research was conducted about professional skepticism public sector in governmental sector for producing the audit quality, especially in South Sulawesi province in Indonesia. This research retests the research result from Aranya and Amernic (1981); Carcello et al. (1992); Behn et al. (1997); Copley (1998); Brown and Raghunandan (1995); Beasley et al. (2001); Chiu (2003); Suraida (2005); Lewinsohn et al. (1997); Novianti (2008); Varelius (2009). The researcher uses model combination (design) method of sequential explanatory based on evidentiary sequence from Creswell 2009, quantitative research (by instrument using questionnaire).
Convective Cooling Effect on Cooled‐Tip Catheter Compared to Large‐Tip Catheter Radiofrequency Ablation

Background. Both actively cooled‐tip and large‐tip catheters are currently available clinically to create large endomyocardial lesions during application of radiofrequency (RF) energy. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of convective cooling at physiologic flow rates on RF lesion size using both actively cooled and large‐tip catheters.
Brain Disposition of cis-para-Methyl-4-Methylaminorex (cis-4,4′-DMAR) and Its Potential Metabolites after Acute and Chronic Treatment in Rats: Correlation with Central Behavioral Effects

para-Methyl-4-methylaminorex (4,4′-DMAR) is a phenethylamine derivative with psychostimulant activity whose abuse has been associated with several deaths and a wide range of adverse effects. We recently validated a high-performance liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry method to measure the compound’s concentrations in plasma, and we applied it to describe the pharmacokinetic properties of 4,4′-DMAR after a single dose in rats. In this study, we investigated the brain disposition and metabolism of cis-4,4′-DMAR after intraperitoneal injection as well as its central behavioral effects. Locomotor activity increased after a single injection of 10 mg/kg, peaking at 2 hours and disappearing at 5 hours; in these conditions, brain absorption was very rapid, (tmax = 30–60 minutes) and large (brain-to-plasma ratio = 24); the half-life was approximately 50 minutes. After 14 daily doses, the compound’s effect on locomotor activity was greater (approximately 20% compared with the effect after the first dose), but not for pharmacokinetic reasons. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we also identified four metabolites of cis-4,4′-DMAR in the plasma and brain of treated rats. Semiquantitative analysis indicated low brain permeability and very low brain concentrations, suggesting that these metabolites do not contribute to central behavioral effects; however, the metabolite originating from oxidation of the para-methyl group (M2) persisted in the plasma longer and at higher concentrations than the parent molecule and could be used to evaluate drug intake in human consumers. Finally, we describe the rewarding effect of cis-4,4′-DMAR in the conditioning place preference test, suggesting a high risk of addiction in humans.
Changing Incidence of Pancreatic Neoplasms: A 16-Year Review of Statewide Tumor Registry

Objectives: Although most pancreatic neoplasms are adenocarcinoma, there are many other histological types, some of which may be increasing in frequency. To better define these trends, we reviewed 16 years of data from a statewide tumor registry. Methods: Using the State of Michigan tumor registry, all patients with primary pancreatic cancers from 1986 to 2002 were identified, and patients were excluded if there were insufficient data or the histological subtype was not clearly defined in the literature. Results: There were 17,610 pancreatic neoplasms identified, and 2425 were excluded, leaving a final population of 15,185. Twenty-five types of primary pancreatic neoplasms were identified. The most common were adenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, nonfunctional neuroendocrine, adenosquamous, anaplastic, intraductal papillary mucinous, and acinar cell (8.37, 0.43, 0.18, 0.05, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.02 per 100,000 per year, respectively). The mean age at presentation was similar for tumor types, 69.2 years old, with the exception of endocrine neoplasms occurring at a younger age, 58.5 years old (P < 0.0005). There was a significant change in the incidence of nonfunctional neuroendocrine neoplasms, greater than 2-fold increase (P = 0.0003). Conclusions: The incidence of most pancreatic neoplasms has changed a little; however, nonfunctional neuroendocrine neoplasms increased greater than 2-fold. The etiology of this change is unclear.
Assessing the asymmetric impact of interpretation environment service quality on museum visitor experience and post-visit behavioral intentions: a case study of the National Palace Museum

ABSTRACT This paper examines the asymmetric positive–negative relationship between interpretation environment service quality, museum visitor experience, and post-visit behavioral intentions. The researchers collected 406 valid questionnaires from visitors to the main exhibit building in the National Palace Museum. Results suggest that the asymmetric effect differs depending on the attribute being examined. When visitors reported their perceptions of personal and sociocultural interpretation environment services, negative perceptions had a larger impact on museum visitor experience than positive perceptions. Moreover, results suggest that museum visitor experience functions as a mediator between perceptions of interpretation environment service quality and post-visit behavioral intentions.