Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypotonic roentgenography with glucagon.

Twelve asymptomatic subjects cooperated in each of 2 studies. In Study I glucagon was compared to placebo and to atropine sulfate 1 mg. In Study II glucagon 2 mg. was compared to placebo and to propantheline bromide 30 mg. Drugs were given intramuscularly, double-blind, and crossover.When the subjects received glucagon, the radiologist reported that motility and tonicity were decreased and that the drug effect was significantly (p<0.001) greater at 10 and 30 minutes than when placebo was given. Sixty minutes after receiving glucagon the tonicity and motility of the stomach and duodenum differed little from that seen with placebo. Small bowel motility was also significantly (p<0.05) less after glucagon than after placebo.Stomach and small bowel tonicity and motility were significantly (p<0.05) decreased following atropine sulfate and propantheline bromide at 10, 30, and 60 minutes as compared to placebo. Tonicity and motility of the duodenal bulb at 60 minutes and duodenal loop at 30 and 60 minutes were al.
Decoding Cortical Motor Goal Representations in a 3D Real-World Environment

In sensorimotor neuroscience a certain motor behavior, and its underlying neuronal mechanism, is usually studied in isolation and tightly constrained by the experimental setting to provide interpretable results. When studying goal-directed arm movements, human participants or non-human primates are seated in front of an experimental workspace and instructed to perform a behavioral task while being prevented from performing undesired behavior such as leg or body movements. Thus, previous research about spatial processing related to goal-directed primate behavior focused primarily on the immediate reachable space in front of the body. It is unclear how the primate brain encodes motor goals beyond the immediate reach to which body relocation is necessary to reach the goal. Moreover, there is no experimental environment that allows studying motor goal encoding in primates involving walking. The studies described in this thesis investigated goal-directed walk-and-reach movements to far-located targets. New experimental environments were developed that allow sensorimotor neuroscience studies without using physical restraint. This approach is also used to refine the behavioral training of rhesus macaques leading to an improvement of animal welfare for non-human primates in neuroscience. This thesis contains five original manuscripts. First: Visuo-tactile integration of healthy human participants performing goal-directed walk-and-reach movements was investigated. This study shows that the peri-personal space, defined by a high level of multisensory integration, extends towards motor goals even beyond the immediate reachable space. Second: Description of the Reach Cage; An experimental environment for unrestrained rhesus macaques that allows wireless electrophysiology while the animal performs a behavioral task involving whole-body movements such as walk-and-reach movements. Third: The Reach Cage was used to study the encoding of walk-and-reach motor goals in the three cortical areas of the frontoparietal reach network (posterior parietal reach region PRR, dorsal premotor cortex PMd and primary motor cortex M1) in one rhesus macaque. Fourth: Description of the eXperimental Behavioral Instrument (XBI); A cage-based training device allowing the training of rhesus macaques to typical behavioral tasks used in sensorimotor neuroscience without the need for the animals to leave their housing environment. Fifth: The XBI was used to develop a fully automatized training regime for which the training progress was controlled only by the task performance of the individual animal rather than a human trainer. Such an automatized approach allows the comparison of animals’ training progress without the influence of subjective decisions. In conclusion, the work described in this thesis emphasizes the importance of experimental environments without physical restraint to A) study motor behavior and motor goal encoding involving whole-body movements, such as walk-and-reach movements and B) improve animal welfare for non-human primates in neuroscience.
Endogenous motilin, but not ghrelin plasma levels fluctuate in accordance with gastric phase III activity of the migrating motor complex in man

Fluctuations in motilin plasma levels have been implicated in the control of the migrating motor complex (MMC). A plasma peak of motilin is present before a gastric phase III. Furthermore, not only exogenous administration of motilin but also ghrelin induces a gastric phase III in man. Aim of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous ghrelin in the regulation of the MMC.
Carbon Dioxide Removal from Natural Gas StreamUsing Polycarbonate Membrane

This report presents a research study on application of membrane system in removal carbon dioxide from natural gas stream which represented by methane in this project. The morphology of asymmetric membrane is very important factor in order to produce membrane with desirable properties that able to remove carbon dioxide from natural gas stream. The objectives of this research study are to study the effect of various preparation conditions on the morphologies of asymmetric polycarbonate (PC) membrane and its relation to CO2/CH4 separation characteristic. Dry/wet phase inversion technique was used to fabricate asymmetric PC membranes. The effect of solvent-non-solvent pair on membrane morphologies and separation characteristic were investigated. The chemical used are dichloromethane (DCM) as more volatile solvent while methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH) and propanol (PrOH) were selected as non-solvents. In addition, methanol (MeOH) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were used as coagulant and less volatile solvent, respectively. Based on the literatures studied, the propanol and butanol-based membranes showed promising performance. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy is used for analyzing organic materials in order to obtain specific information about the chemical bonding and also the molecular structures of the membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the membrane morphologies. Gas permeation unit was used to evaluate the performance of membrane. Experimental results showed that high boiling point of PrOH was responsible in forming highly porous substructure with macrovoid formation in the DCMbased membranes prepared using PrOH as non-solvent. The performance of asymmetric PC membranes was evaluated by measuring CO2 and CH4 permeances as well as CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity. The results showed that CO2 and CH4 were strongly dependent upon membrane morphologies formed during fabrication. A highly porous membrane prepared from DCMPrOH and was found to give higher CO2 and CH4 permeance (CO2:182 GPU; CH4:141 GPU) as compared to MeOH (CO2:149 GPU; CH4:104 GPU) and EtOH (CO2:165 GPU; CH4:129 GPU) membranes. In term of selectivity, the highest CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity of the fabricated asymmetric PC membrane is approximately 1.54. In conclusion, asymmetric PC membranes show promising performance and have high potential to be used for CO2/CH4 separation.
The histone-like protein H-NS acts as a transcriptional repressor for expression of the anaerobic and growth phase activator AppY of Escherichia coli

The transcriptional activator AppY is required for anaerobic and stationary-phase induction of the cyx-appA and hya operons of Escherichia coli, and expression of the appY gene itself is induced by these environmental conditions. The sequence of the appY gene and its promoter region is unusually AT rich. The nucleoid-associated protein H-NS has a DNA-binding specificity for intrinsically curved AT-rich DNA. Using a single-copy transcriptional appY-lacZ fusion, we have shown that appY gene expression is derepressed in hns mutants during aerobic exponential growth. In the hns mutant, growth phase and growth rate regulation under aerobic conditions was maintained, while ArcA-dependent anaerobic induction was greatly diminished. Judged by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the appY promoter fragment exhibits the features characteristic of curved DNA. Gel retardation assays showed that purified H-NS protein bound with high affinity to two different segments of the appY promoter region. The role of H-NS in the AppY regulatory cascade is discussed and compared with its function in the regulatory cascades of the AppY homologs CfaD and VirF.
Biomass of Microalgae via Root Under the Production of Yellow Passionfruit Seedlings

Seedlings production is one of the most important stages of the production system and directly influences the performance of the plant in the field. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the use of biomass doses of Spirulina platensis and Scenedesmus sp. via root system on the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. A greenhouse experiment was carried out using a randomized block design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme (Spirulina platensis and Scenedesmus sp., at the doses 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8 % and 1% m/v), with four blocks and two experimental units per plot. At 60 days, leaf number, total seedling length, shoot diameter, root system length, shoot length, shoot and root fresh mass, dry mass, root dry mass and total chlorophyll were measured. Spirulina platensis showed superior performance compared to Scenedesmus sp. , for the variables stem diameter, shoot length, fresh shoot mass, fresh root mass, dry shoot mass and root dry mass. The doses influenced the number of leaves, root fresh mass, root dry mass, shoot length and fresh shoot mass significantly. The best dose of microalga applied was 0.8% in passion fruit seedlings at 60 days.
Cross‐validation of prognostic scores in myelodysplastic syndromes on 386 patients from a single institution confirms importance of cytogenetics

In myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) different prognostic risk analysis systems based on clinical and morphological data are used for predicting survival. Data on diagnostic and prognostic relevance of karyotype aberrations have prompted the development of scores including cytogenetics. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the explanatory power of different scoring systems and to assess the additional explanatory power of cytogenetics by evaluating the clinical and laboratory data of MDS patients from a single institution. Data of 386 MDS patients was available, with cytogenetic analysis at time of diagnosis in 256. Clinical/morphological scores: Bournemouth, modified Bournemouth and Düsseldorf; and scores including cytogenetics: Lausanne–Bournemouth, Lille and the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), were calculated and their predictive power was compared for both overall survival and preleukaemic duration. Each of the scores had significant correlation on both endpoints. Calculating the prognostic value of different cytogenetic aberrations we found that differentiating between evidence for no aberration, single aberrations excluding chromosomes 7 and 8, aberrations on chromosomes 5, 7 or 8 and complex aberrations was important. These data were incorporated in a ‘prognostic index cytogenetics’ (pi score). Cytogenetic scores significantly improved the prognostic value of the best clinical/morphological score in regard to both overall survival and preleukaemic duration. In conclusion, our data further stress the importance of cytogenetics for predicting prognosis in MDS.
Cleavage of 14-3-3 Protein by Caspase-3 Facilitates Bad Interaction with Bcl-x(L) during Apoptosis*

The 14-3-3ϵ protein was identified as one of the caspase-3 substrates by the modified yeast two-hybrid system. The cellular 14-3-3ϵ protein was also cleaved in response to the treatment of apoptosis inducers in cultured mammalian cells. Asp238 of the 14-3-3ϵ protein was determined as the site of cleavage by caspase-3. The affinity of the cleaved 14-3-3 mutant protein (D238) to Bad, a death-promoting Bcl-2 family protein, was lower than that of wild type or the uncleavable mutant 14-3-3ϵ protein (D238A). However, Bad associated with the cellular Bcl-x(L) more effectively in human 293T cells co-expressing Bad with the truncated form of the 14-3-3ϵ protein (D238) than in control cells co-expressing Bad with wild type or the uncleavable mutant 14-3-3ϵ protein (D238A). The present study suggests that the cleavage of 14-3-3 protein during apoptosis promotes cell death by releasing the associated Bad from the 14-3-3 protein and facilitates Bad translocation to the mitochondria and its interaction with Bcl-x(L).
The prevalence of ADHD in children with enuresis: comparison between a tertiary and non-tertiary care sample.

OBJECTIVE The main aim of the current study was to determine reliable comorbidity rates of ADHD for enuretic children admitted either to non-tertiary care or to a specialized paediatric clinic, i.e. tertiary care, since previous research has failed to incorporate a possible setting effect in this comorbidity; and to use a multi-method multi-informant assessment of ADHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty children, aged between 6 and 12 y, admitted to non-tertiary care with enuresis and 120 children referred to tertiary care were screened for the presence of ADHD using a multi-method (diagnostic interview, questionnaires) multi-informant (parents, teachers) assessment. RESULTS Enuretic children from the tertiary care sample have a 3.4 times increased chance of having comorbid ADHD when compared to children with enuresis admitted to non-tertiary care, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 28% and 10%, respectively. Overall, the tertiary care sample was older, showed more daytime incontinence and revealed an increasing prevalence of ADHD with older age when compared with the non-tertiary care group. CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of ADHD is increased in an enuretic population compared to community samples (3-5%). Moreover, enuretic children admitted to tertiary care show significantly higher comorbidity than non-tertiary care patients. The ADHD prevalence in the former group increases with older age, suggesting therapy resistance and a negative prognosis for enuresis in the case of comorbidity.
Carousel: Scalable Traffic Shaping at End Hosts

Traffic shaping, including pacing and rate limiting, is fundamental to the correct and efficient operation of both datacenter and wide area networks. Sample use cases include policy-based bandwidth allocation to flow aggregates, rate-based congestion control algorithms, and packet pacing to avoid bursty transmissions that can overwhelm router buffers. Driven by the need to scale to millions of flows and to apply complex policies, traffic shaping is moving from network switches into the end hosts, typically implemented in software in the kernel networking stack. In this paper, we show that the performance overhead of end-host traffic shaping is substantial limits overall system scalability as we move to thousands of individual traffic classes per server. Measurements from production servers show that shaping at hosts consumes considerable CPU and memory, unnecessarily drops packets, suffers from head of line blocking and inaccuracy, and does not provide backpressure up the stack. We present Carousel, a framework that scales to tens of thousands of policies and flows per server, built from the synthesis of three key ideas: i) a single queue shaper using time as the basis for releasing packets, ii) fine-grained, just-in-time freeing of resources in higher layers coupled to actual packet departures, and iii) one shaper per CPU core, with lock-free coordination. Our production experience in serving video traffic at a Cloud service provider shows that Carousel shapes traffic accurately while improving overall machine CPU utilization by 8% (an improvement of 20% in the CPU utilization attributed to networking) relative to state-of-art deployments. It also conforms 10 times more accurately to target rates, and consumes two orders of magnitude less memory than existing approaches.
Cross-reactive influenza-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediating antibodies in HIV-infected Indian individuals

Abstract Background: The influenza-specific antibodies mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) may be important in protection against influenza. However, it is not known whether immunocompromised individuals such as HIV-infected persons who have never been vaccinated with influenza vaccine have such a response. Methods: The anti-influenza ADCC responses were investigated in plasma samples from 50 HIV positive persons [25 long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) and 25 progressors] and from 20 HIV-uninfected healthy individuals. None of the participants had received influenza vaccine. Results: The frequencies and the magnitude of ADCC responses against two influenza A virus strains (pH1N1-A/California/7/2009 and H3N2-A/Brisbane/10/2007) were comparable in HIV-infected individuals and in healthy controls (p > .05). However, the magnitude of the ADCC response was slightly higher in LTNPs than in progressors (p = .025). The level of ADCC antibodies against pH1N1 and H3N2 correlated significantly indicating the cross-reactive nature of these antibodies (p < .0001). Additionally, the level of these ADCC antibodies was significantly associated with antibodies against the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus (H5N1-A/Chicken/India/NIV/33487/2007). Conclusion: This is the first report of anti-influenza ADCC antibodies in HIV-infected Indian individuals. Identification of cross-reactive ADCC epitopes in HIV-infected individuals could improve the design of influenza vaccine for immunocompromised individuals.
Does the Earnings Quality Matter? Evidence from a Quasi-Experimental Setting

Investor preference for local stocks provides a quasi-experimental setting to investigate whether the market rewards firms that comply with generally accepted accounting principles. We show firms with low earnings quality trade at a premium compared to firms in compliance with accounting principles; the difference in values is greater when the role of local investor over-trading is stronger in stock price-formation, in other words for the more isolated firms. The value of the information not conveyed to the market through accounting disclosure accounts for 30% of the market-to-book. Results are robust to earnings quality definition, and show while non-local investors are sensitive to the quality of accounting information, local and better-informed investors are not. Overall, accounting quality matters.
Defining the Strategic Objectives of Hungarian Mutton Product Chain and Elements of Marketing Strategy in the beginning of the Second Decade of the Century

The sheep sector is regarded to be a “black sheep” in Hungary, both in terms of economy and marketing. On one hand, the sector is not easily traceable as available relevant data are partial and infected by the effects of black market or underground economy; on the other hand, there are no clear, concrete statistical data or surveys on consumption either. The present study attempts to dissolve the above anomalies and present findings by fact-based model calculations and actual marketing surveys. The fact-based model developed and used for more than 200 variables verifies the correctness of economic calculations. Original examinations were performed by Bela Cehla, doctoral candidate, in 2000–2011. The marketing survey, although not in full accordance with statistical requirements, was carried out in 2012 and it processed relevant data authentically. The main conclusions are the following: It is clear so far that genetic basis should primarily be evolved in the industry, as it is the factor that mainly contributes to profitability and price-type factors come only following it. Genetic modification is achievable by changing breeds or crossbreeding. The findings of product chain level sensitivity analysis have provided clues that the added value generated in the sector is already determined during slaughter lamb production and progeny influences this value in approximately 80%. Critical points are feed conversion ratio and the relating price of lamb feed, which influence added values by 2.7–2.9%. The remaining factors affect added value through feeding costs, although not considerably. The following activities can boost interest in the market of sheep products: • Comprehensive market research • Stimulation of cultural development by product-tasting, exchanging information and recipes • Development of supply in accordance with demand • Identification of target markets, positioning products • Diversification of product range • Community trade mark to guarantee excellent quality and Hungarian origin • Selection of credible poster faces, organization of advertising campaigns
EM scattering from the edge of a semi-infinite planar strip grating using approximate boundary conditions

Electromagnetic scattering by the edge of a semi-infinite, dense planar grating of free-standing metallic strips is analyzed. The grating is illuminated by an arbitrarily polarized plane wave impinging on its edge at oblique incidence. The strips can be arbitrarily oriented with respect to the edge. An equivalent canonical problem is defined by adopting for the strip grating well-known approximate boundary conditions derived in the framework of homogenization techniques. The exact spectral solution for the above canonical problem is deduced by the application of the Sommerfeld-Maliuzhinets method, and explicitly depends on the grating parameters. The spectral solution is defined along the Sommerfeld integration contour and can be evaluated asymptotically to derive high-frequency expressions for the diffracted field. Some numerical results are presented to show that the above solution predicts a non vanishing diffracted field for any incident field polarization, and smoothly converges to the known solutions for both the perfectly conducting half-plane and the unidirectionally conducting half-plane, which are contained in the adopted strip-grating model as limit cases.
A Culture of Resistance : Mass Media and Its Social Perception in Central and Eastern Europe

In this paper the author interprets the changing role of mass media in social processes over recent decades. Society’s perception of mass media is also investigated, with a focus on Central and Eastern Europe. The author explores mass media’s position in the societies of the region, asking how these societies interpret media messages. He analyzes the context of people’s reservations about media messages (people’s misgivings, conditioned by social history). One of the key arguments of the paper is that the majority of audiences in the countries concerned have grown more sceptical of mass media messages than have the audiences of Western European countries. According to the author, various social groups consider that the mass media is heavily politicized and that its construction of reality has little in common with their own interpretations.