Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The potential of oxygen and nitrogen species-regulating drug delivery systems in medicine

The focus of this review is to present most significant advances in biomaterials used for control of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS, RONS) in medicine. A summary of the main pathways of ROS production and the main pathways of RNS production are shown herein. Although the physiological and pathological roles of RONS have been known for at least 2decades, the potential of their control in management of disease went unappreciated. Recently, advances in the field of biochemical engineering and materials science have allowed for development of RONS-responsive biomaterials for biomedical applications, which aim to control and change levels of reactive species in tissue microenvironments. These materials utilize polymers, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), or organic-inorganic hybrids. Thus, biomaterials like hydrogels have been developed to promote tissue regeneration by actively scavenging and reducing RONS levels. Their promising utility comes from thermo- and RONS-sensitivity, stability as a delivery-medium, ease for incorporation into other materials and facility for injection. Their particular attractiveness is attributed to drug release realized in targeted tissues and cells with elevated RONS levels, which leads to enhanced treatment outcomes and reduced adverse effects. The mechanism of their action depends on the functional groups employed and their response to oxidation, and may be based on solubility changes or cleavage of chemical bonds. When talking about antioxidants, one should also mention oxidative stress, which we call the imbalance between antioxidants and reactive oxygen species, which occurs due to a deficiency of endogenous antioxidants and a low supply of exogenous antioxidants. This study is a review of articles in English from the databases PubMed and Web of Science retrieved by applying the search terms “Oxygen Species, Nitrogen Species and biomaterials” from 1996 to 2021.
The influence of stadium environment on attendance intentions in spectator sport

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of perceived environmental quality of the stadium on fans’ future intentions to attend a game by highlighting the moderating effect of team loyalty. Design/methodology/approach Using latent moderated structural equations modeling, this study tested the direct impacts of stadium factors on consumers’ desire to stay and revisit intentions and the moderation effects of team loyalty based on Mehrabian and Russell’s environmental psychology behavioral model. Findings The results showed significant direct effects of team loyalty and desire to stay on revisit intentions. The stadium environment influenced desire to stay and revisit intentions only by the interactions with team loyalty. More specifically, higher loyalty led to higher desire to stay and revisit intentions, whereas fans’ positive experience of stadium environment intensified the effect. Originality/value The authors highlight the significant role of desire to stay on revisit intentions by incorporating the cognitive-affective system of human behavior. In addition, this study provides essential information for identifying the interaction effects of environmental factors and team loyalty on consumer behavior in sport settings.
Lifetime patterns in adult female mass, reproduction, and offspring mass in semidomestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

The objective of our investigation was to examine relationships between lifetime patterns of female mass, calving incidence, and offspring mass in semidomestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). The analyses were made on data recorded from 1986 to 1997 on semidomestic reindeer in the herding district of Ruvhten Sijte in Sweden. A female rearing a calf was shown to weigh 3.1 ± 0.3 kg (mean ± SE) less in winter than a female not rearing a calf. The difference in calving incidence between females rearing a calf in the previous year and those not rearing a calf in the previous year was small, but there was a tendency for old females to have a decreased calving incidence if they had reared a calf in the previous year. The average calving percentage for adult females was 73%. Calf masses were affected by both the mother's mass and her age. The regression coefficient of calf autumn mass on female mass the previous winter was 0.26 ± 0.02. Mothers aged 24 years had calves that weighed less than calves of olde.
Relationships between the Direct and Induced Effects of Destination Advertising

Tourism advertising is one of the most important tools for destination marketing organizations. As such, many advertising effectiveness studies have been conducted which focus on the direct consequences of destination advertising. However, little of this research has examined the linkages between advertising, changes in trip-related decisions and their impact on length of stay and money spent. The results of this study confirm that destination advertising influences the various aspects of trip structure (e.g. including accommodations, etc.) which in turn, affects trip budgets, but this relationship is not linear. These relationships provide important implications for the design of destination advertising.
Institutional and Individual Influences on Scientists' Data Sharing Practices

Many contemporary scientific endeavors now rely on the collaborative efforts of researchers across multiple institutions. As a result of this increase in the scale of scientific collaboration, sharing and reuse of data using private and public repositories has increased. At the same time, data sharing practices and capabilities appear to vary widely across disciplines and even within some disciplines. This research sought to develop an understanding of this variation through the lens of theories that account for individual choices within institutional contexts. We conducted a total of 25 individual semi-structured interviews to understand researchers’ current data sharing practices. The main focus of our interviews was: (1) to explore domain specific data sharing practices in diverse disciplines, and (2) to investigate the factors motivating and preventing the researchers’ current data sharing practices. Results showed support for an institutional perspective on data sharing as well as a need for better understanding of scientists’ altruistic motives for participating in data sharing and reuse.
Flavonolignan Production in Cell Suspension Culture of Silybum marianum

The fruits of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (Compositae) contain silymarin, an isomeric mixture of flavonolignans (silybin, silychristin, and silydianin). Silymarin acts as a strong anti-hepatotoxic. Silybum marianum cell cultures represent an alternate source of flavonolignans, but the yields of these compounds in such cultures are very low. In this study, in vitro cell culture systems of Silybum marianum were used to monitor the effect of elicitation (picloram, jasmonic acid, and light) on cell growth and production of silymarin. The presence of silymarin was established by high performance liquid chromatography and the greatest growth rates dry weight (32 mg) and silymarin content (0.413 mg g− 1 DW) were obtained with 3 mg l− 1 picloram and 2 mg l− 1 jasmonic acid in darkness after 28 days. The light grown cell suspension cultures showed reduced growth in term of dry weight (24 mg) and silymarin content. The data presented in this study demonstrate that media supplemented with 3 mg l− 1 picloram with JA in dark conditions can be useful for production of silymarin and growth in cell suspension cultures of Silybum marianum.
Atmospheric mercury deposition over Brazil during the past 30,000 years

Atmospheric Hg deposition over Brazil is presented for the past 30,000 years as a tracer of the different naturat and anthropogenic processes affecting the atmospheric environment of Brazil. During most of the prehistoric period, atmospheric deposition rates were rather constant with an average of about 2 pg m-2 yrl. Peak deposition, ranging from 4 to 6 pg mW2 Yi', occurred ai: least during two periods between 3,300 and 3,600 BP and between 8,500 to 12,000 BP, and during the last glacial maximum (LGM), at about 18,000 years BP. These periods were characterized by drier, colder climates with high frequency of forest fires, as shew^ by correlation with coal and poIIen distribution data. During the colonial period Hg atmospheric deposition rares were much higher, about four times the prehistoric background and reached 6 to 8 yg m-2 yr'. These increasing Hg deposition rates can only be explained by the large Hg emissions in South and Central America from Spanish silver mines, which emitted to the continent's environment about 200,000 tons of Hg from 1580 to 1820. During the present century, Hg deposition rates varied according to the region of the country. In the Amazon region, where gold mining is the major source of Hg emission to the atmosphere, deposition rates increased continuously during the last 40 years, reaching 8 to 10 pg mb2 yr- In the industrialized Southeast, Hg deposition was higher during the mid 1960s and 1970s, ranging from 80 to 130 pg m3 yr-l, but decreased to 20 to 30 pg mV2 yr-lin the 1990s, due to the enforcement of emission control policies. However, where Hg emissions are mostly from urban, nonpoint sources, such as along the high urbanized coastal area, Hg deposition, although smaller, increased ,steadily from the 1940s reaching a maximum at surface sedi- ment layers of about 40.0 pg m-? yr-'. The results presented suggest Eg as a reIiabIe tracer of natural (paleodimatic changes) and anthropogenic (industrial and mining emissions) pro- cesses able to affect the atmosphere in Brazil.
Environmental DNA monitoring and management of invasive fish: comparison of eDNA and fyke netting

The potential of environmental DNA (eDNA) methods to enhance the detection of invasive species during routine monitoring is of interest to management agencies. Here we applied the eDNA methodology concurrent with conventional detection techniques during two routine monitoring seasons to detect the presence of three invasive fish in Australia with contrasting spatial distributions (benthopelagic, pelagic and benthic): common carp (Cyprinus carpio), redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Oriental weatherloach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). Our objectives were to compare the seasonal detection of the target species using eDNA and conventional detection (fyke nets), determine the relationship between catch per unit effort (CPUE) and DNA copy number and ascertain the best water location (surface vs. subsurface) for eDNA detection. Our results show that eDNA had a higher detection rate than fyke nets for Oriental weatherloach and redfin perch during both the autumn and spring surveys. Common carp was detected at all sites for both seasons using fyke nets and eDNA with the exception of one site during the autumn survey where common carp was captured using fyke nets but no carp eDNA was detected. Season had a significant effect on DNA concentration for common carp (P<.005) and Oriental weatherloach (P=.002) but sampling location (surface vs. subsurface) had no significant effect on DNA concentration for all three species. We found a positive correlation between CPUE and DNA copy number for Oriental weatherloach (rs = .718, α = .045) and redfin perch (rs = .756, α = .030) during spring but a non-significant, negative trend was observed for common carp in both seasons (rs = −.357, α = .385 spring; ρ = −.539, α = .168 autumn). Our results show that eDNA is an effective tool for the detection of single or multiple species to complement the traditional approaches using physical capture. As with all survey methods, the eDNA approach suffers from imperfect detection. We conclude that eDNA survey results are more powerful when used in conjunction with other survey methods as a way to enhance detection rates and increase confidence in the monitoring results.
A fundamental problem in our understanding of low-mass galaxy evolution

Recent studies have found a dramatic difference between the observed number density evolution of low-mass galaxies and that predicted by semi-analytic models. Whilst models accurately reproduce the z= 0 number density, they require that the evolution occurs rapidly at early times, which is incompatible with the strong late evolution found in observational results. We report here the same discrepancy in two state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, which is evidence that the problem is fundamental. We search for the underlying cause of this problem using two complementary methods. First, we consider a narrow range in stellar mass of log (Mstar/(h−2M_)) = 9–9.5 and look for evidence of a different history of today’s low-mass galaxies in models and observations. We find that the exclusion of satellite galaxies from the analysis brings the median ages and star formation rates of galaxies into reasonable agreement. However, the models yield too few young, strongly star-forming galaxies. Secondly, we construct a toy model to link the observed evolution of specific star formation rates with the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function. We infer from this model that a key problem in both semi-analytic and hydrodynamical models is the presence of a positive instead of a negative correlation between specific star formation rate and stellar mass. A similar positive correlation is found between the specific dark matter halo accretion rate and the halo mass, indicating that model galaxies are growing in a way that follows the growth of their host haloes too closely. It therefore appears necessary to find a mechanism that decouples the growth of low-mass galaxies, which occurs primarily at late times, from the growth of their host haloes, which occurs primarily at early times. We argue that the current form of star formation-driven feedback implemented in most galaxy formation models is unlikely to achieve this goal, owing to its fundamental dependence on host halo mass and time.
Pulsations and metallicity of the pre-main sequence eclipsing spectroscopic binary RS Cha

We present new spectroscopic observations of the pre-main sequence eclipsing spectroscopic binary RS Cha. A sample of 174 spectra were obtained with the GIRAFFE spectrograph at the SAAO at 32 000 resolution. The radial velocity curves derived from these spectra were combined with previous observations spanning a period of about 30 years to correct the ephemeris of the system, and the result indicates that the orbital period is not constant. Residuals of the binary radial velocity curve for both components with amplitudes up to a few km s -1 and periods on the order of 1 h are clearly seen in our data, which we interpret as the signatures of delta-Scuti type pulsations. We revisited the masses of both components and determined the surface metallicity Z of both components of the RS Cha system by fitting synthetic spectra to observed spectra in a set of selected spectral regions. The synthetic spectra are calculated with the SYNTH code using stellar atmosphere models computed with the Kurucz ATLAS 9 code, along with a list of lines obtained from the VALD database. A selection of the best spectra and the most relevant spectral regions allowed us to determine Z = 0.028 ± 0.005. We also derived new values of v sin i: 64 ± 6 km s -1 and 70 ± 6 km s -1 for the primary and the secondary star, respectively. Finally, we observalionally confirm that the RS Cha system is a synchronized and circularized system.
The k-ε-fP model applied to wind farms

The recently developed k-ϵ-fP eddy-viscosity model is applied to one on-shore and two off-shore wind farms. The results are compared with power measurements and results of the standard k-ϵ eddy-viscosity model. In addition, the wind direction uncertainty of the measurements is used to correct the model results with a Gaussian filter. The standard k-ϵ eddy-viscosity model underpredicts the power deficit of the first downstream wind turbines, whereas the k-ϵ-fP eddy-viscosity model shows a good agreement with the measurements. However, the difference in the power deficit predicted by the turbulence models becomes smaller for wind turbines that are located further downstream. Moreover, the difference between the capability of the turbulence models to estimate the wind farm efficiency reduces with increasing wind farm size and wind turbine spacing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining abilities and heterotic groups in 'Pisum sativum' L.

The objective of this research was to investigate the use of heterosis and estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for yield and the yield-related traits for identifying suitable parents and forming heterotic groups for pea- breeding programs. Seventy-six F1 hybrids derived from crosses between nineteen female lines and four male testers were evaluated during two seasons. Estimates of variance due to GCA and SCA effects and their relationship revealed predominantly additive effects for all traits. Parents with higher GCA values were 'ZAV20' (female parent) and 'ZAV23' (male parent). The cross 'ZAV5 x ZAV23' showed the highest value for seed yield. Days to flowering and number of seeds per plot were the variables with the highest values for broad and narrow-sense heritability (0.93 and 0.65, respectively), indicating that these traits are highly heritable. The highest best parent heterosis for seed yield was observed in the 'ZAV17 x DDR14' hybrid. Four heterotic groups were formed and validated by estimating the intra and inter group heterosis.
The Roles of Website Characteristics and Social Network Communities in Developing Customer E-loyalty in the Online Travel Industry

Internet and social network communities have become the essential channel for people looking for tourism information and online purchases or reservations. The academic community strive to better understand which factors influence online satisfaction and loyalty in the online travel industry. Many antecedents to e-satisfaction have been identified in the literature, namely functional and relational website characteristics. While many studies have assessed the influence of functional characteristics on esatisfaction such as usability and security, few research focused on the influence of social and human dimensions of the interface, called relational characteristics, especially in the online travel context. In fact, the relational features have been studied as a part of the optimization of the website interface and not from the logic of loyalty and brand-customer relationships. Moreover, there is a call in the literature for more research on the impact of individual engagement on social networks sites on loyalty generation. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate how online attributes under the control of the cyber-merchant (website functional and relational attributes) and social networking sites where the firm has far less control, foster e-saisfaction and e-loyalty in the online travel industry. A self-administered survey was used and data were collected from university students who had shopped from an online travel company in the past year. By using SEM modelling, results show that usability, quality of support, and security/privacy positively impact e-satisfaction while e-satisfaction influences both cognitive and affective loyalty. Further analyses showed that personalization and online social network communities significantly influence both cognitive and affective loyalty while perceived social presence has a negative impact on cognitive loyalty. By understanding website drivers of online satisfaction and loyalty, this study contribute to help online travel companies develop strategies positioned to build long-term relationships, and thereby gain a competitive advantage.
A prospective study on effects of tobacco consumption on semen parameters

Background: Tobacco consumption in any form is a well known health hazard and a major cause of mortality. This may affect male reproductive function and conveniently evaluated by semen analysis. Thus semen parameters of the subjects with habits of consumption compared within cases and control groups. Methods: Subjects referred for semen analysis & volunteers were studied. Detailed history of personal, occupational and tobacco consumption was obtained. Semen analysis performed as per the WHO guideline 2010, 5th edition. We included tobacco smokers, chewers and nonaddicted subjects. Tobacco consumers further stratified according to type, amount and duration of consumption and various semen parameters from these groups compared by using ANOVA and unpaired-t test. Result: Out of 157 subjects, 25 as control, 32tobacco smokers, 87tobacco chewers, 13 with both habits, further stratified according to amount and duration of consumption. There is significant reduced semen parameters of tobacco consumers obtained in relation to its amount of consumption weresperm concentration, motility and morphology, while not affected with duration of consumption. Oligozoospermia was higher in tobacco consumers. Conclusion: Results of study found that tobacco consumption in men is associated with reduced sperm quality (including count, motility & morphology). This concludes tobacco consumption is one of the risk factor in male infertility and subfertility.
Extended Abstract of Ph.D Thesis Noise modeling and depth calibration for Time-Of-Flight cameras

3D cameras open new perspectives in different application fields such as 3D reconstruction, Augmented Reality and video-surveillance since they provide depth information at high frame-rates. However, they have limitations that affect the accuracy of their measures. In particular for TOF (Time-Of-Flight) cameras, two types of error can be distinguished : stochastic noise of the camera and the depth distortion. This is illustrated in the figure 1 where a depth image of a cube is presented. The pixel (x, y) is the depth measure of the 3D point Q. This depth measure (dTOF ) is compared to the real depth dGT . dTOF corresponds to a distorted measure of dGT in addition to the stochastic noise. In state of the art of TOF cameras, the noise is not well studied and the depth distortion models are difficult to use and don’t guarantee the accuracy required for some applications. The objective of this thesis is to study, to model and to propose an accurate and easy to set up calibration method of these two errors of TOF cameras. For both stochastic noise and depth distortion of TOF cameras, two solutions are proposed. Each of them
Warfighters of Today: Personality and Cognitive Characteristics of Rated Fighter Pilots in the United States Air Force

viii CHAPTER 1 SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSE 1 Social Significance 1 Professional Response 3 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Introduction 7 Theory Summary 7 Cognitive Ability 8 Emotional Stability 10 Motivation: Becoming a Pilot 15 Motivation: Becoming a Fighter Pilot 18 Conclusion/The Current Research 19 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 21 Purpose 21 Research Questions 21 Hypotheses 21 Participants 22 Procedures 22 Instruments 22 Data Analysis 25 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 28 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION 31 Case Study Application 33