Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Tripolar arthroplasty for recurrent total hip prosthesis dislocation].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to assess the results of revision surgery for recurrent total hip prosthesis dislocation using a tripolar prosthesis composed of a conventional stem with a mobile head of an intermediary prosthesis measuring more than 40 mm and a modified cup. This technique was used in two centers in Rouen France and Los Angeles USA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one hips in 21 patients were operated on. The mobile heads measured 40 to 47 mm. Mean patient age was 70 years (range 29-92). The indication for the tripolar prosthesis was reserved for extremely unstable hips in patients with major risk factors for recurrent dislocation. These 21 patients had experienced 95 dislocations. The acetabular cup was custom-made for the large-diameter heads. A cemented polyethylene cup was used in 14 cases and a press-fit metal-backed around a polyethylene insert in 7. The polyethylene thickness varied from 6.5 to 16 mm for the cemented cups and 4 to 5 mm for the press-fit cups. Fourteen femoral stems were left in place as were two press-fit cups where only the inserts were changed. Mean follow-up was 5.4 years (range 3-11.8). RESULTS There has been no recurrent dislocation for 20 hips. One patient experienced a dislocation one week after surgery which required a second revision procedure to reposition the acetabular implant. Final outcome was good at 7.6 years for this hip. One patient who had not had any recurrent dislocation died 4 years after the revision surgery due to a cause unrelated to the prosthesis. Two patients were lost to follow-up at 3.7 and 6 years, both were pain free and had no radiological anomalies. Infection occurred in one patient undergoing chemotherapy for a myeloma; the head and neck had to be resected. For the 20 other patients, functional outcome, assessed with the UCLA score, showed improvement in pain (5.8 preoperatively, 9.2 at last follow-up), walking (4.8 and 8 respectively), function (4 and 6 respectively), and daily activities (3.3 and 5.2 respectively). A revision procedure was necessary for one patient during the 4(th) year because of a fracture of the polyethylene insert on a metal-back cup; the insert alone was changed. Excepting the patient with infection, there were no cases of certain or probable loosening during the follow-up. DISCUSSION The tripolar prosthesis with a mobile cup and a large-diameter head appears to be a reliable solution for these severely unstable hips. The procedure can often be limited to the acetabular component, reducing morbidity. The thickness of the polyethylene cup is a limitation which may affect long-term survival. Search for a highly wear-resistant couple continues.
Environmental Factors Associated with Acute Diarrhea among Children Under Five Years of Age in Derashe District, Southern Ethiopia

Background: Diarrhea alone kills more children than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. Knowing the determinants of a disease enables us to design an effective intervention. Objective: To identify the factors associated with acute diarrhea among Children less than five Years of Age in Derashe district, south Ethiopia. Methods: A community based unmatched case-control study was employed in rural kebeles of the district. The collected data were entered in Epi Info version3.5. 3. Data analyses were done using SPSS for windows version 16.0. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to measure the association between the dependent variable and independent variables calculating odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was set at α. ≤ 0.05. Multivariable analyses were applied to identify the relative effect of explanatory variables on the dependent variable. Results: The study revealed that the occurrence of diarrhea was significantly associated with the lack of latrine ownership (AOR: 2.43, CI:1.19-4.87), lack of home based water treatment (AOR: 2.25, CI:1.43-3.56) improper disposal of infant feces [AOR:3.35, 95% CI (1.45-4.13)]and lack of improved water sources (AOR: 1.98, CI:1.16- 2.23). Conclusions and recommendation: The determinants of acute diarrhea in this study were that of high preventive value; latrine ownership, availability of home based water treatment and source of water. The authors of the study recommend health education on different mechanisms in diarrheal disease causation and prevention methods.
On the Channel Capacity of Multiantenna Systems with Nakagami Fading

We discuss the channel capacity of multiantenna systems with the Nakagami fading channel. Analytic expressions for the ergodic channel capacity or its lower bound are given for SISO, SIMO, and MISO cases. Formulae for the outage probability of the capacity are presented. It is shown that the channel capacity could be increased logarithmically with the number of receive antennas for SIMO case; while employing 3–5 transmit antennas (irrespective of all other parameters considered herein) can approach the best advantage of the multiple transmit antenna systems as far as channel capacity is concerned for MISO case. We have shown that for a given SNR, the outage probability decreases considerably with the number of receive antennas for SIMO case, while for MISO case, the upper bound of the outage probability decreases with the number of transmit antennas when the transmission rate is lower than some value, but increases instead when the transmission rate is higher than another value. A critical transmission rate is identified.
Robust Output Regulation of Switched Multi-agent Systems

The robust output regulation problem of switched linear multi-agent systems is studied in this paper. The dynamics of each agent are described by a switched linear system. According to the characteristics of agent network and switched systems, we put forward an agent-dependent average dwell time method. Owing to the limited information exchange between agents, distributed dynamic controllers are designed. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
THE OPHTHALMIC ARTERY

EXTENSIVE accounts of the blood vessels of the orbit are to be found in various text-books of ophthalmology and anatomy, but there are few systematic descriptions of the anomalies. The various authors differ very little from one another in their descriptions, and deal almost exclusively with the socalled normal pattern of the ophthalmic artery. It was therefore considered desirable to study the origin, course, branches, and anastomoses of the ophthalmic artery in detail.
Evolución de la calidad del factor trabajo en España

En este trabajo se ha obtenido una medida del crecimiento del factor trabajo en Espana que permite tener en cuenta la heterogeneidad existente en terminos de productividad entre diferentes tipos de trabajadores, asi como las variaciones que se han producido en la calidad del trabajo como consecuencia de cambios en el peso relativo de dichas categorias de trabajadores. Los resultados muestran que, en el periodo comprendido entre el segundo trimestre de 1987 y el primero de 2003, se ha producido un aumento de la calidad del empleo de la economia de mercado que se ha traducido en un crecimiento medio anual del trabajo ajustado de calidad superior en 0,38 puntos porcentuales por ano al crecimiento del total de horas trabajadas. Este aumento de la calidad ha venido explicado fundamentalmente por los cambios experimentados en la composicion del empleo por niveles de estudios, a favor de los trabajadores mas formados -los mas productivos-. Este mayor crecimiento del empleo ajustado de calidad da lugar a crecimientos mas moderados de la PTF (aproximada en terminos del residuo de Solow) en casi todo el periodo analizado
A system of nonlinear differential equations modeling basilar-membrane motion.

A phenomenological model for displacement of a point on the basilar membrane is developed by formulating a system of nonlinear differential equations: ẍi(t) + 2Di[1 + ηẋi2(t)]ẋi(t) + ω0i2xi(t) = Cxi−1(t), for i = 1, 2, …, 10, where x0(t) is the input (stapes displacement) and x10(t) is the output. This model, which behaves effectively linearly at low levels and nonlinearly at high levels, shows that a single nonlinear system is adequate to account for the following frequency‐dependent nonlinear phenomena of the peripheral auditory system: (1) limiting of the output level; (2) decrease of Q with increasing input level; (3) decrease of the most effective frequency with increasing input level; (4) changes in phase angle of the output with input level; (5) changes in shape of the click response waveform with input level; (6) two‐tone suppression with f1 = CF and f2 > CF; (7) generation of the combination tone 2f1 − f2 in response to two tones f1 < f2); (8) “amplitude” nonlinearity in response to click pairs; .
Advances in Brief b-Catenin Mutations Are Frequent in Hepatocellular Carcinomas but Absent in Adenomas Induced by Diethylnitrosamine in B 6 C 3 F 1 Mice 1

Activating mutations in the region of the b-cateningene corresponding to the NH2-terminal phosphorylation sites of glycogen synthetase kinase 3b have been causally implicated in carcinogenesis. In this study, the b-catenin exon 3 was examined in hepatic lesions induced by diethylnitrosamine in B6C3F1 mice. PCR and DNA sequencing detected seven b-catenin mutations in 13 samples dissected from hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, but none in 14 hepatic adenomas. All of the mutations were found in codon 41 encoding a threonine residue, one of the possible glycogen synthetase kinase-3 b phosphorylation sites. Althoughb-catenin protein was immunohistochemically stained mainly on the cell membrane in preneoplastic hepatocytic foci and most adenomas, as observed in normal hepatocytes, it was detected in the cytoplasm and nuclei in addition to the cell membrane, indicating stabilization of the protein in HCCs. This shift in staining was observed not only in tumors with mutations, but also in examples lacking exon 3 mutations. Our data demonstrate that b-catenin alterations may be important for malignant progression during multistep hepatic carcinogenesis in mice.
Action of Antiepileptic Drugs Against Kainic Acid‐Induced Seizures and Automatisms During Ontogenesis in Rats

Summary: Kainic acid (KA 4–14 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) produces automatisms (scratching until third postnatal week, “wet dog” shakes thereafter), and clonic and tonic‐clonic seizures in rats aged 7, 12, 18, 25, and 90 days. Administration of carbamazepine (CBZ) i.p. (25 or 50 mg/kg), phenobarbital (PB 20–80 mg/kg), clonazepam (CZP 0.2 or 1 mg/kg), or valproate (VPA 200 mg/kg) influenced neither incidence nor latency of automatisms. Clonic seizures that are regularly observed after the third postnatal week in controls were either abolished or substantially suppressed by any of the aforementioned antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Tonic‐clonic seizures observed in the first 3 postnatal weeks were suppressed only by solvent [including propyleneglycol (PEG), ethanol, and water]; the effect of AEDs on tonic‐clonic seizures was proconvulsant instead. The automatisms were most resistant to AED therapy. These results induce some doubts about the adequacy of the KA model for identifying AEDs effective against complex partial seizures, but forthcoming AEDs that suppress automatisms in the KA rat model might also be active against human complex partial seizures.
Valves in the subsidiary lymph trunks in the neck.

INTRODUCTION The thoracic duct drains both lymph and chyle into the confluence of the great veins in the root of the neck. The venous termination of the duct is protected from retrograde flow of blood by valves. However, little attention has been focused on the presence or absence of valves in the subsidiary lymph trunks in the neck. AIMS The aim of this study was to determine whether there are valves in the subsidiary lymphatic system in the neck. MATERIAL AND METHODS The left side of the neck was explored in ten formalin-fixed cadavers. Subsidiary lymphatic trunks were carefully preserved for stereomicroscopic examination. RESULTS Eight subsidiary trunks were identified comprising four jugular, two subclavian and two bronchomediastinal trunks. Both subclavian lymph trunks drained directly into a vein. A bicuspid ostial valve was present at the termination of the trunks. The bronchomediastinal and jugular trunks drained into the thoracic duct prior to its venous termination. Valvular structures were identified along the bronchomediastinal trunks and at their termination with the thoracic duct. No valves were identified in the jugular trunks. CONCLUSION The absence of valves in the jugular lymph trunks is proposed as a possible contributory factor in the creation of chyle leaks following neck dissections.
Long-term effects of methylprednisolone pulses and mycophenolate mofetil in IgA nephropathy patients at risk of progression.

BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a microcosm of glomerular lesions. Some histologic lesions are irreversible and progress toward obliteration of glomerular capillaries. Others are acute inflammatory processes potentially susceptible to reversal by means of immunosuppressive therapies. METHODS The effects of a combined schedule of steroids and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was prospectively examined in a subset of IgAN patients with acute inflammatory histologic changes associated with proteinuria (mean 2,400 mg/day, range 1,130-5,250), hematuria (76 red cells per high-power microscopic field, range 30-100) and renal failure (serum creatinine 1.6 mg/dL, range 1.2-2.9). Patients had diffuse mesangial proliferation with at least 10% florid crescents, mild to moderate degrees of glomerular sclerosis and interstitial changes, and both mesangial and capillary deposition of immunoreactants at immunofluorescence. Treatment consisted of 3 pulses of methylprednisolone (15 mg/kg) followed by oral prednisone (0.8 mg/kg body weight, tapered until discontinuation within 4 months) and MMF 2 g for 6 months. RESULTS Serum creatinine, proteinuria and microscopic hematuria significantly dropped at 6 months compared with baseline values (p=0.01) and remained lower at the end of follow-up 51 months (range 24-90) later (p<0.01, for proteinuria and hematuria; p=0.08, for serum creatinine). CONCLUSION Therapy with steroids and MMF may be considered in a subset of IgAN patients with florid glomerular changes, functional impairment and major urinary abnormalities, to prevent subsequent progression toward renal failure.
Regulatory T cell activity is partly inhibited in a mouse model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection

ABSTRACT Objectives: We aimed to investigate the activity of regulatory T (Treg) cells in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) lung infection and its influence on effector T-cell responses. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly inoculated with PA-laden agarose beads (1 × 105 CFU/50 μL) or planktonic PA (1 × 105 CFU/50 μL), and euthanized at the time points of 4 hour, day 1, 3, 5, and 7. Bacterial load, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell counts, and lung tissue histology were assessed. BAL fluid concentrations of TGF-β1, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A were measured. Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of TGF-β1, IL-10 and CD4+ T-cell subtype-specific transcription factors were determined. The expression of CD4+CD25+forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ cells in lungs and spleens were analyzed. Results: Mice inoculated with PA-laden agarose beads developed chronic PA lung infection during 7-day study period, while mice inoculated with planktonic PA cleared bacteria in 3 days. Compared with mice recovered from acute PA lung infection, those with chronic infection had significantly increased effector T-cell responses, accompanied by a more severe neutrophilic inflammation. Mice with chronic PA lung infection had significantly lower concentration of TGF-β1 and higher concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A in BAL fluid. Meanwhile, they had significantly lower mRNA levels of TGF-β1, IL-10 and FoxP3 in lung tissues, and lower expression of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells in lungs and spleens. Conclusions: These findings indicate that Treg cell activity is partly inhibited in mice with chronic PA lung infection, which contributes to the enhanced effector T-cell responses in airways.
Characterizing trees in property-oriented concept lattices

Property-oriented concept lattices are systems of conceptual clusters called property-oriented concepts, which are partially ordered by the subconcept/superconcept relationships. Property-oriented concept lattices are basic structures used in formal concept analysis. In general, a property-oriented concept lattice may contain overlapping clusters and is not to be a tree construction. Additionally, tree-like classification schemes are appealing and are produced by several clustering methods. In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions on input data for the output property-oriented concept lattice to form a tree after one removes its greatest element. After applying to input data for which the associated property-oriented concept lattice is a tree, we present an algorithm for computing property-oriented concept lattices.
Diurnal variations in bacterial numbers and fluid parameters in ruminal contents of animals fed low- or high-forage diets

Differential carbohydrate media and anaerobic replica plating techniques were used to assess the degrees of diurnal variations in the direct and viable cell counts as well as the carbohydrate-specific subgroups within the mixed rumen bacterial populations in cattle fed maintenance (metabolizable energy) levels of either a high-forage or a high-concentrate diet once daily. The rumen was sampled at 1 h before feeding and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 h after feeding, and selected microbiological parameters of the isolated bacterial populations were assessed. Corresponding samples of ruminal fluid were assayed for fermentation acids, carbohydrate, ammonia, and pH changes. The data showed that regardless of diet, total bacterial numbers remained fairly constant throughout the day. The number of viable bacteria declined 40 to 60% after feeding and then increased to a maximum at 16 h postfeeding. Changes occurred in the carbohydrate-specific subgroups within the bacterial populations, and some of the changes were consistent with a predicted scheme of ruminal feedstuff carbohydrate fermentation. Regardless of diet, however, soluble-carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria predominated at all times. Xylan-xylose and pectin subgroups respectively comprised about one-half and one-third of the population when the high-forage diet was given. These subgroups, along with the cellulolytics, constituted lesser proportions of the population when the high-concentrate diet was given. The cellulolytic subgroup was the least numerous of all subgroups regardless of diet but followed a diurnal pattern similar to that predicted for cellulose fermentation. There were few diurnal variations or differences in bacterial cell compositions and ruminal fluid parameters between diets. The observed similarities and dissimilarities of the rumen bacterial populations obtained when the two diets were given are discussed. The data are consistent with the versatility and constancy of the rumen as a stable, mature microbial system under the specific low-level feeding regimens used.
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis and Other Lethal Encephalitis Caused by Measles Virus Infection: Pathogenesis and New Approaches to Treatment

Measles virus (MV) is a human, negative-stranded RNA virus, member of the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Morbillivirus. The virus enters cells by interaction of viral glycoprotein Hemagglutinin (H) with cellular receptors (CD46, CD150, CD147/EMMPRIN) and membrane fusion is mediated by viral fusion glycoprotein (F); helical nucleocapsids replicate in the cytoplasm on replication-transcription complexes formed by the viral catalytic subunit (L), the phosphoproteín (P) and the RNA wrapped in the viral nucleoprotein (N); virus particles bud out from plasmatic cell membrane patches internally lined by viral matrix protein(M). MV causes cytopathic effects by cell fusion forming syncytia, by inducing apoptosis, or both together, and may produce persistent infections in cultured cells and in the infected host. MV is highly lymphotropic infecting macrophages, lymphocytes and dendritic cells; causes systemic acute infections after cell-associated viremia generating life-long immunity (Griffin, 2007 for a review). Despite the availability of an efficient live attenuated vaccine, MV still remains an important global pathogen infecting over 25 millions individuals and causing over 250.000 deaths per year, being one of the main causes of child death worldwide. Plans for the global eradication of measles are hindered by a number of factors: 1. high contagiousness of MeV (it is the most transmissible respiratory virus known, and it is needed a 95% to 98% protection in a population to avoid measles out-brakes), 2. vaccination fails in over 5% of the general population (non-responders), 3. vaccination has a low efficiency in infants under 9 months, 4. poor health care in some countries, and 5. objection to vaccination in sectors of the population.
Improving Psychosocial Care for Improved Health Outcomes

&NA; The core of healthcare quality is continuous improvement of processes and results. For cancer patients, psychosocial care can affect overall outcomes. In this article, we outline the efforts that a national comprehensive cancer center is using to bring psychosocial care to the same level of awareness, importance, and integration as clinical care. Improving all aspects of patient care, psychosocial as well as biological, must be pursued if progress in overall quality of cancer care is to be achieved.
Use of Insecticide Delivery Tubes for Controlling Rodent-Associated Fleas in a Plague Endemic Region of West Nile, Uganda

ABSTRACT Plague is a primarily flea-borne rodent-associated zoonosis that is often fatal in humans. Our study focused on the plague-endemic West Nile region of Uganda where affordable means for the prevention of human plague are currently lacking. Traditional hut construction and food storage practices hinder rodent exclusion efforts, and emphasize the need for an inexpensive but effective host-targeted approach for controlling fleas within the domestic environment. Here we demonstrate the ability of an insecticide delivery tube that is made from inexpensive locally available materials to reduce fleas on domestic rodents. Unbaited tubes were treated with either an insecticide alone (fipronil) or in conjunction with an insect growth regulator [(S)-methoprene], and placed along natural rodent runways within participant huts. Performance was similar for both treatments throughout the course of the study, and showed significant reductions in the proportion of infested rodents relative to controls for at least 100 d posttreatment.