Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Youth Fit For Life protocol on physiological, mood, self-appraisal, and voluntary physical activity changes in African American preadolescents: Contrasting after-school care and physical education formats

Los efectos de la actividad fisica durante 12 semanas y el protocolo de cambio de conducta relacionada con la salud (Youth Fit For Life) llevados a cabo en los formatos de cuidados extraescolares durante 3 dias/semana y educacion fisica de 2 dias/semana fueron evaluados y contrastados con ninos afroamericanos de 9 a 12 anos de edad, en un estudio experimental. El Indice de Masa Corporal, el porcentaje de grasa corporal y la fuerza muscular han mejorado significativamente en ambos formatos en chicos y chicas, con mayores efectos en la condicion de cuidado extraescolar. Las mejorias significativas en estado de animo y auto-valoracion fueron tambien asociadas a participacion en el protocolo en ambos formatos con los tamanos de efectos algo mayores en el formato de educacion fisica. El incremento de dias por semana de actividad fisica voluntaria, moderada a vigorosa, fue significativo y similar en ambas condiciones (Mcambio = 0,71 y 0,75 dias/semana, ps < 0,01). El analisis de regresion multiple indico que los cambios en el aspecto fisico, autoconcepto fisico, autoeficacia en ejercicios y la percepcion del ser en general explico una parte significativa de la varianza en los cambios en las sesiones de actividad fisica voluntaria a lo largo de 12 semanas, R2 = 0,24 a 0,73, ps < 0,01. Se sugiere implicaciones para el desarrollo de un modelo explicativo adecuado de la actividad fisica en ninos, el diseno de la intervencion en actividad fisica basado en la evidencia y reduccion de obesidad en preadolescentes.
Understanding quasi-ballistic transport in nano-MOSFETs: part I-scattering in the channel and in the drain

In this paper, and in Part II, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations including quantum corrections to the potential and calibrated scattering models are used to study electronic transport in bulk and double-gate silicon-on-insulator MOSFETs with L/sub G/ down to 14-nm designed according to the 2003 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Simulations with and without scattering are used to assess the influence of quasi-ballistic transport on the MOSFET on-current. We analyze in detail the flux of back-scattered carriers. The role of scattering in different parts of the device is clarified and the MC results are compared to simple models for quasi-ballistic transport presented in the literature.
Plastic Changes in the Human Cervicoocular Reflex

The fact that neck torsion induces eye movements in neonates and in certain pathological conditions has been known for nearly a century although their role in normal man is not yet clear (see Reference 1 for review). The finding of Dichgans et al. that following labyrinthectomy in the monkey the cervicoocular reflex (COR) is enhanced and contributes significantly to gaze stability during movements of the head2 brought a renewed number of questions. Clinicians were interested to know whether a similar enhancement of the COR would occur in patients with loss of vestibular function and whether the variable degree of clinical recovery from such loss could be related to higher or lower degrees of potentiation of the COR. Additional questions were concerned with more general problems of adaptive mechanisms in the oculomotor system, for instance, whether both aspects of vestibuloocular function, compensatory and “anticompensatory” eye movements, would be represented in the COR and what structures or mechanisms might mediate the plastic enhancement of the COR following loss of vestibular function. These three questions will be addressed successively in this paper.
Phonetic Segmentation of Emotional Speech with HMM-Based Methods

In the present work we address the problem of phonetic segmentation of emotional speech. Investigating various traditional and recent HMM-based methods for speech segmentation, which we elaborated for the specifics of emotional speech segmentation, we demonstrate that the HMM-based method with hybrid embedded-isolated training offers advantageous segmentation accuracy, when compared to other HMM-based models used so far. The increased precision of the segmentation is a consequence of the iterative training process employed in the hybrid-training method, which refines the model parameters and the estimated phonetic boundaries taking advantage of the estimations made at previous iterations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the benefits of using purposely-built models for each target category of emotional speech, when compared to the case of one common model built solely from neutral speech. This advantage, in terms of segmentation accuracy, justifies the effort for creating and employing the purposely-built segmentation models per emotion category, since it significantly improves the overall segmentation accuracy.
Structure of rings in vitreous SiO2.

The structure of n-fold rings in vitreous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ is investigated using molecular-dynamics configurations. A recently developed interaction potential for ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ consisting of long-range Coulomb interactions, the effect of electronic polarizability, and three-body covalent forces is used in the molecular-dynamics study of the vitreous state. Results for the statistics of rings and distribution of interatomic distances and bond angles in the rings are presented for the vitreous state. The statistics of rings for the molten state is also discussed.
A novel peptidoglycan‐linked lipoprotein (ComL) that functions in natural transformation competence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A novel peptidoglycan‐linked lipoprotein (ComL) has been identified which is required for efficient transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by species‐related DNA. Although most mutations in comL appear to be lethal, transposon shuttle mutagenesis was successful in generating a single viable comL mutant of N. gonorrhoeae strain MS11. This mutant, N457, exhibits a cratered and crinkled colony morphology and grows slower than wild‐type MS11. However, as indicated by electron microscopy, this retardation is due to a small bacterial size rather than to a decreased generation time of the mutant bacteria. Complementation of N457 with an intact comL gene via the Hermes shuttle system fully reconstitutes bacterial size, colony morphology, and transformation competence of the wild‐type strain. comL is a single‐copy gene and maps downstream of the previously described comA gene It is transcribed in the opposite direction, probably using the same transcriptional terminator. ComL has a predicted size of 29 kDa and is synthesized in Escherichia coli under the control of its native promoter, which is highly conserved with the E. coli promoter consensus sequence. The 5′ end of the coding sequence reveals a lipoprotein secretion signal shown to be functional by gene fusion with alkaline phosphatase (phoA′ ). In E. coli, cloned ComL can be labelled with [3H]‐palmitic acid, thus demonstrating its lipoproteinaceous nature. Palmitoylated ComL appears to be covalently bound to the murein sacculus of E. coli and N. gonorrhoeae since it resists boiling in 4% sodium dodecyl sulphate and is released only by lysozyme treatment. Homologous counterparts of the comL gene are found in Neisseriameningitidis as well as in several non‐pathogenic Neisseria species.
Purification and nucleic-acid-binding properties of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein involved in the control of ploidy.

Scp160p (Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein involved in the control of ploidy), a polypeptide with a molecular mass of around 160 kDa, is associated with the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum. The most noteworthy phenotype of SCP160 deletion mutants is a decrease in viability and an increased number of chromosomes in the surviving cells [Wintersberger, U. , Kühne, C. & Karwan, A. (1995) Yeast 11, 929-944]. Scp160p contains 14 KH domains, conserved motifs that have lately been identified in a variety of RNA-binding proteins. In this report, we demonstrate that the Scp160p sequence shows nearly perfect colinearity with the putative gene product of C08H9.2 from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as well as with the vigilins, vertebrate RNA-binding proteins with a cellular location similar to that of Scp160p. Moreover, we found that Scp160p contains a potential nuclear-export signal (NES) near its N-terminus and a potential nuclear-localization signal (NLS) between KH domains 3 and 4. To determine whether the protein is able to bind to RNA, we purified Scp160p from yeast cell extract by DNA-cellulose and anti-Scp160p affinity chromatography. In northwestern blotting experiments, the electrophoretically homogeneous protein bound to ribohomopolymers and ribosomal RNA as well as to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that the major part of Scp160p is membrane associated via ionic interactions and can be released from the membrane fraction under conditions that lead to a dissociation of ribosomes. Together, our findings suggest that Scp160p is the yeast homologue of the vigilins, and point to a role for Scp160p in nuclear RNA export or in RNA transport within the cytoplasm.
Construct validity of the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES)

ABSTRACT Background: The Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES) is a measure of cognitive-communication and executive functions involving everyday tasks. Scores are predictive of employment status; however, the measure’s construct validity is unclear. Objective: The study’s objective was to assess the linear association of FAVRES test performance with performance on a number of neuropsychological measures in a sample of individuals with neurocognitive deficits. Methods: Twenty-two adults completed the FAVRES, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), Color-Word Interference (CWI), Tower and Trail Making (TM). Results: FAVRES Total Accuracy score significantly correlated with CWI Inhibition (r = −0.43) and Tower (r = 0.60). Total Rationale significantly correlated with CWI Inhibition (r = −0.49), TM Number-Letter Switching (r = −0.48) and Tower (r = 0.55). Total Reasoning significantly correlated with CWI Inhibition (r = −0.71), Inhibition Switching (r = −0.50), TM Number-Letter Switching (r = −0.67) and Tower (r = 0.69) but also correlated with a number of measures involving other elements of cognition. Conclusion: Results provide evidence of convergent validity for the FAVRES as a measure of executive functions. Accuracy and Rationale scores also appear to have good discriminant validity.
Pitfalls in the differential diagnosis of renal tumor in an adolescent

The differential diagnosis of renal tumors, particularly in adolescents, may be challenging. We describe an 11‐year‐old female with a primary intra‐renal mass. Initial differential diagnoses included primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), and Wilms Tumor (WT). Extensive pathologic and molecular analysis on initial and relapsed tumor samples confirmed WT. The EWS‐WT1 and EWS‐FLI1 rearrangements, distinctive of DSRCT and PNET were negative. The differential diagnosis on monophasic blastemal WT may be complex. Primary renal DSRCT and PNET have been rarely described. Nevertheless, molecular confirmation for these rare conditions may be necessary in selected cases. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:319–321. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geographical Variation, Distribution and Diversity of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus Phylotypes in Tanzania

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is the most important disease of rice in Africa. The disease was first observed in1966 inKenya but has now spread in all rice-growing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, its distribution has been restricted to the major rice-growing regions. However, the knowledge on RYMV genetic diversity relies on a limited number of coat protein sequences. Previous studies revealed the presence of the phylotypes S4lv, S4lm and strain S5 in Mwanza, Mbeya and Morogoro regions, respectively, and strain S6 in Kilimanjaro region and Pemba Island. Surveys were conducted during the cropping seasons 2013-2014 in eight rice-growing regions of Tanzania to determine geographical variations and phylotypes of RYMV and the influence of environment factors on its distribution and diversity. A total of 185 rice fields were surveyed. Results indicate that prevalence, severity and phylotypes of RYMV varied significantly with rainfall intensity, temperature and relative humidity (P ≤ 0.01). The highest prevalence was found in Morogoro (82%), Mbeya (80%) and Arusha (67.33%) regions whereas Kigoma (9.33%), Rukwa (11.33%) and Shinyanga (18.67%) had the lowest RYMV prevalence. In each region, RYMV prevalence was higher in 2014 than in 2013. The phylotypes S4lm and new determined phylotypes (S6c and S6w) were highly adapted to low temperature (13.3°C) and rainfall (13.7 mm) areas. For the first time, strains from the phylotype S4ug were found outside Uganda, in Kilimanjaro region. Strain S4lv (phylotype Lake Victoria) was found for the first time in Arusha region. The strain S4lm was found in Mbeya, Morogoro and Rukwa regions. Strains S4lm and S4lv were also found in Shinyanga and Kigoma regions, respectively. The strain S5 was still restricted to Morogoro but extended to new locations such as Ulanga district. Strain S6 was found in several new areas and new phylotypes of S6 (S6c and S6w) are reported in this study.
Binge eating in obese children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE The first goal of the current study was to examine the extent to which a population of obese children and adolescents have developed binge eating problems. The second goal was to generate variables that would distinguish obese binge eaters from obese non-binge eaters. METHOD A group of 126 children and adolescents seeking residential care because of their obesity was selected. A self-report version of the Eating Disorder Examination was administered. RESULTS Binge eating episodes were reported by 36.5% of the obese youngsters. Six percent reported two or more episodes of binge eating a week. Obese binge eaters differed significantly from obese non-binge eaters in self-esteem and in a broad range of eating-related characteristics. Compared with obese non-binge eaters, the obese binge eaters were slightly younger. Obese binge eaters did not differ from obese non-binge eaters in degree of overweight or depression. DISCUSSION Results suggest that binge eating is a prevalent problem among obese children and adolescents seeking help for their obesity. The marked difference between obese children with and without binge eating suggests the need for special treatment to focus on the problems of obese binge eaters.
Reorganizing the Firm Boundaries of Innovation in the Global Enviroment

This paper investigates those mechanisms how the global aspects have shaped the boundaries of the firm. A main driving force of reshaping new boundaries is innovation. Main logic of the paper is to connect dominant theories of the firm - transaction cost, contracting, information, location, and make-or-buy to those foundations of globalization that might explain new shapes of firm boundaries. The paper addresses the role of markets, organizational forms, human capital and R&D, outsourcing and FBI decisions that might facilitate the globalization process. It also discusses about country effects, i.e. about path-dependent changes in political climate, improvements in national institutions and overall development of information technology that has made it possible for new participants to take part to ongoing globalization. Finally, it compares whether globalization of production has different pathways than globalization of R&D as a potential research opportunity in the future
Involvement in mental health self-help groups and recovery

Self-help groups for mental health problems are widely used, yet studies of their effectiveness show mixed results and are often not theoretically guided. Drawing on empowerment, stigma, and social selection perspectives, we test a theoretically organized model of the relationships between self-help group involvement, empowerment, and recovery outcomes (symptoms and quality of life). Using two-wave survey data from a sample of 553 persons with mental illnesses in self-help groups and outpatient services, we find (1) ‘social selection’ effects – persons with greater symptoms and lower quality of life are less likely to be a part of self-help groups, (2) that self-help is associated with some beneficial effects on self-esteem, but is associated with stronger beliefs about expected stigma, (3) that self-help may yield only slight benefits to quality of life, and (4) perceived helpfulness of self-help and group involvement are reciprocally related. Open-ended questions reveal why some of our respondents never attended self-help group meetings, why those who continue to attend do so, and why others stop attending.
Review of Active and Reactive Power Sharing Strategies in Hierarchical Controlled Microgrids

Microgrids consist of multiple parallel-connected distributed generation (DG) units with coordinated control strategies, which are able to operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes. Microgrids are attracting considerable attention since they can alleviate the stress of main transmission systems, reduce feeder losses, and improve system power quality. When the islanded microgrids are concerned, it is important to maintain system stability and achieve load power sharing among the multiple parallel-connected DG units. However, the poor active and reactive power sharing problems due to the influence of impedance mismatch of the DG feeders and the different ratings of the DG units are inevitable when the conventional droop control scheme is adopted. Therefore, the adaptive/improved droop control, network-based control methods, and cost-based droop schemes are compared and summarized in this paper for active power sharing. Moreover, nonlinear and unbalanced loads could further affect the reactive power sharing when regulating the active power, and it is difficult to share the reactive power accurately only by using the enhanced virtual impedance method. Therefore, the hierarchical control strategies are utilized as supplements of the conventional droop controls and virtual impedance methods. The improved hierarchical control approaches such as the algorithms based on graph theory, multi-agent system, the gain scheduling method, and predictive control have been proposed to achieve proper reactive power sharing for islanded microgrids and eliminate the effect of the communication delays on hierarchical control. Finally, the future research trends on islanded microgrids are also discussed in this paper.
Dissociated effects of diazepam and lorazepam on short‐latency afferent inhibition

Peripheral nerve inputs have an inhibitory effect on motor cortex excitability at short intervals (short‐latency afferent inhibition, SAI). This can be tested by coupling electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex. SAI is reduced by the anticholinergic drug scopolamine, and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, it is possible that SAI is a marker of central cholinergic activity important for memory function. The benzodiazepine lorazepam also reduces SAI. Since benzodiazepines impair memory formation, but do not do so uniformly, with a maximum amnesic effect after lorazepam but less or no effect after diazepam, we were interested in testing in this non‐behavioural study to what extent the effects of lorazepam and diazepam on circuits involved in SAI could be dissociated. In addition, and for control, we tested the effects of lorazepam and diazepam on short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), a motor cortical inhibition mediated through the GABAA receptor. Lorazepam markedly reduced SAI, whereas diazepam slightly increased it. In contrast, both benzodiazepines uniformly increased SICI. Our findings demonstrate opposite effects of lorazepam and diazepam on SAI, an inhibition modulated by central cholinergic activity, but the same effects on SICI, a marker of neurotransmission through the GABAA receptor. This dissociation suggests, for the first time, that TMS measures of cortical inhibition provide the opportunity to segregate differences of benzodiazepine action in human central nervous system circuits.
Brazilian Bimodal Bilinguals as Heritage Signers

This paper presents an analysis of heritage signers: bimodal bilinguals, who are adult hearing children of Deaf parents who acquired sign language at home with their parents and the spoken language from the surrounding community. Analyzing heritage language with bimodal bilinguals who possess pairs of languages in different modalities provides a new kind of evidence for understanding the heritage language phenomenon as well as for theoretical issues regarding human language. Language production data were collected from four Brazilian bimodal bilinguals separately in both sign and speech, as well as from monolingual comparison Deaf signers and hearing speakers. The data were subsequently analyzed for various grammatical components. As with other types of heritage speakers, we observed a great degree of individual variation in the sign (heritage) language of balanced participants who patterned similarly to the monolingual signers, compared to those whose use of sign language differed greatly from monolinguals. One participant showed some weaknesses in the second (spoken) language. We approach the variation in language fluency in the two languages by considering the different contexts of language development and continuing use.
Reliability of two versions of the dot-probe task using photographic faces

The dot-probe task developed by Macleod, Mathews and Tata (1986) is a measure of attentional bias. Recent developments of the task have favoured the use of human faces as stimuli, however, results from this task have been inconsistent. In 2005, Schmukle published very poor reliability estimates for two versions of the dot-probe task using words and situational images as stimuli. The present study tested the reliability of two versions of the test, using photographs of human faces. One version was similar to previous research, while the other was a modification designed to meet a potential methodological issue. Results indicate that both versions tested were unreliable and therefore unsuitable for individual differences research. When considered as a group, however, participants showed consistent attentional bias towards emotional faces in the task similar to previous research, while habituation effects were found in the modified task. This suggests that the two tasks may be used in between-group designs to investigate different aspects of attention to emotional faces.
Lagrangian Drifter Dispersion in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

AbstractIn the framework of Monitoring by Ocean Drifters (MONDO) project, a set of Lagrangian drifters were released in proximity of the Brazil Current, the western branch of the subtropical gyre in the South Atlantic Ocean. The experimental strategy of deploying part of the buoys in clusters offers the opportunity to examine relative dispersion on a wide range of scales. Adopting a dynamical systems approach, the authors focus their attention on scale-dependent indicators, like the finite-scale Lyapunov exponent (FSLE) and the finite-scale (mean square) relative velocity (FSRV) between two drifters as a function of their separation and compare them with classic time-dependent statistical quantities like the mean-square relative displacement between two drifters and the effective diffusivity as functions of the time lag from the release. The authors find that, dependently on the given observable, the quasigeostrophic turbulence scenario is overall compatible with their data analysis, with discrepancies fr.