Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor osteolysis in osteopetrotic mice

Details of the cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved in focal destruction of bone at sites of tumor osteolysis are unknown. It has been shown that tumors from sarcoma (2472) cell lines induce focal osteolysis in mice by stimulating formation and activation of osteoclasts. In this report, the influence of 2472 tumors on the skeletons of osteoclast‐deficient animals (op/op) was studied. After op/op femora had been inoculated with 2472 cells, tumors developed and focal osteolysis occurred. There were more osteoclasts per histologic section in sham‐injected femora (19 ± 5) than in tumor‐bearing femora (412 ± 129) (p < 0.05). The size of the osteoclasts also increased from 304 ± 81 μm2 in sham‐injected limbs to 407 ± 62 μm2 in tumor‐bearing limbs (p < 0.001). Conditioned media from 2472 op/op tumor explants contained macrophage colony‐stimulating factor. A deficiency of osteoclasts in op/op mice is the result of the absence of this factor; therefore, these data introduce the possibility that macrophage colony‐stimulating factor derived from 2472 tumor may be responsible for directing osteoclast‐mediated osteolysis at sites of the tumor.
PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PADA HUBUNGAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

This study aims to investigate the influence of corporate governance and corporate socialresponsibility (CSR) on firm value of manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange.Corporate governance is represented with managerial ownership, institutional ownership,independent commissary proportion, and the mamber of audit commitee as the moderatingvariabel. The sample is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange on 2010-2011. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 37companies. Data analysis was performed with factor analysis, classical assumptions, and hypothesistesting with absolute value regression methode. The results show that corporate socialresponsibility has a significantly influence on firm value and corporate governance as a moderatingvariable significantly influence on CSR and corporate value. Keywords:corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, firm value
Love for Correlation, Bank Systemic Risk-Taking and Loan Pricing in Syndicated Loans

In this paper we document evidence of systemic risk taking from syndicated loan markets. Using U.S. syndicated loan data, we nd that the borrower’s idiosyncratic risk is positively priced whereas systematic risk is negatively related to loan spreads, controlling for rm, loan and bank specic variables. We argue that the underpricing of systematic risk relative to idiosyncratic risk suggests banks’ preference for investing in systematic risk which increases interbank correlation and systemic risk of banks. We relate the incentive for systemic risk taking to the ‘Too-many-to-fail’ guarantee and the associated collective moral hazard of ‘love for correlation’. We further show that small and less correlated banks underprice systematic risk relative to big and more correlated banks. JEL classication : G21, G32
Towards long-term international collaboration in computer science education

Student success in a globally distributed organization requires effective communication skills to deal with the barriers that are inherent in such settings. This paper proposes to provide students the opportunity to be involved in collaborative “real-world” projects. International collaboration in computer science education can provide both technical and cultural benefits for all parties involved. This paper represents a work-in-progress report on the first stages of preparation to start an active long-term collaboration in computer science education between Eastern Michigan University (USA) and the University of Anbar (Iraq). We present an informal timeline for developing such collaborations and enumerate potential projects. In addition, anticipated difficulties are articulated.
The impact of service provider emotional intelligence on customer satisfaction

Purpose – This study seeks to examine whether higher emotional intelligence displayed by service providers leads to greater customer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – A community sample of 150 participants viewed video clips depicting a service provider displaying three different levels of emotional intelligence in high or low service difficulty transactions.Findings – Higher emotional intelligence displayed by the service provider led to greater reported satisfaction with the service transaction. Further, there was an interaction between emotional intelligence of the service provider and transaction difficulty. In the low transaction difficulty condition there was progressively more satisfaction at each higher level of emotional intelligence of the service provider. In the high transaction difficulty condition, there was low satisfaction in the low service provider emotional intelligence condition, but no significant difference in satisfaction between the high and medium levels of service provid.
Online service attributes available on apparel retail web sites: an E‐S‐QUAL approach

Purpose – This paper aims first, to identify online service attributes that facilitate efficient and effective shopping, purchasing, and delivery based on the modified E‐S‐QUAL scale and, second, to evaluate the extent to which current online retailers provide such service attributes as an objective measure of service performance. Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis of 111 women's apparel retail web sites was conducted to assess online retailers' performance in providing online service attributes. Findings – The overall extent to which current online retailers provide online service attributes appears to be low. Managerial implications are provided to help online retailers improve their service performance. Originality/value – This study provides an objective way to evaluate online retailers' service performance and thus complement existing online service quality research based on consumer perceptions and evaluation of online service quality. In addition, the coding guide developed in this study provides an easy and practical tool that can be used by online retailers for the self‐assessment of online service performance.
Inhibition of NO Synthesis Enhances Chronic Cardiovascular and Renal Actions of Leptin

Acute studies suggest that leptin has pressor and depressor actions, including stimulation of sympathetic activity as well as increased release of NO from the vascular endothelium. The goal of this study was to examine the role of NO in modulating the chronic blood pressure, heart rate, and renal responses to hyperleptinemia, comparable to that found in obesity-induced hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with arterial and venous catheters, and mean arterial pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously 24 h/d. After a 4-day control period, the rats were infused with isotonic saline vehicle (n=6) or NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 &mgr;g/kg per minute; n=9) to inhibit NO synthesis for 7 days. After 7 days of vehicle or L-NAME administration, leptin was infused intravenously for 7 days at a rate of 0.5 &mgr;g/kg per minute, followed by a leptin infusion at 1.0 &mgr;g/kg per minute for 7 days, along with vehicle or L-NAME. A 21-day infusion of L-NAME alone (n=6) served as a control for the L-NAME+leptin rats. Although the low dose of leptin alone did not significantly elevate arterial pressure, it raised the heart rate by 18±3 bpm. The higher leptin infusion rate raised arterial pressure from 96±3 to 104±3 mm Hg but did not increase the heart rate further. L-NAME+leptin increased arterial pressure by 40±6 mm Hg and heart rate by 79±19 bpm compared with pretreatment levels. In control L-NAME rats, mean arterial pressure increased by 31±4 mm Hg, whereas the heart rate was not altered significantly compared with pretreatment levels. Neither chronic leptin infusion alone nor L-NAME alone altered the glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow significantly, but L-NAME+leptin reduced glomerular filtration rate by 27±11% and renal plasma flow by 47±9%. These results indicate that impaired NO synthesis mildly enhances the chronic renal hemodynamic and hypertensive effects of leptin but markedly amplifies the tachycardia caused by hyperleptinemia.
Polarity in the early floral meristem of Arabidopsis

The diversity of angiosperm flowers depends on organ meristy and position. However, the signaling pathways that establish polarity and positional information remain largely unelucidated. Use of the founder-cell marker DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) in Arabidopsis has recently highlighted the importance of the abaxial–adaxial axis for early floral development. We have extended the use of DRNL::GFP to further characterize floral organogenesis in genotypes that are altered in floral organ meristy or position, including ettin (ett-3) and blade-on-petiole (bop)1–11 bop2–4 double mutants. The creation of supernumery sepals by the splitting of sepal founder-cell populations along an ab-/adaxial axis strengthens the importance of the ab-/adaxial developmental axis in early floral meristem development. Furthermore, we confirm the dependency of the wildtype sequence of sepal initiation on bract suppression and demonstrate that supernumery stamens derive from the imprecise resolution of a ring of DRNL expression. Expression of DRNL in apetala1 (ap1–1) and ap2–8 mutants reflect the altered whorl structure and show that these homeotic genes function upstream of DRNL. Analyzing the dynamism of early floral meristem ontogeny at a fine temporal and spatial resolution in Arabidopsis can reveal mechanisms of organogenesis and is applicable to other species with differing floral body plans in a comparative evolutionary context.
Multitime scale Markov decision processes

This paper proposes a simple analytical model called M time scale Markov decision process (MMDPs) for hierarchically structured sequential decision making processes, where decisions in each level in the M-level hierarchy are made in M different discrete time scales. In this model, the state-space and the control-space of each level in the hierarchy are nonoverlapping with those of the other levels, respectively, and the hierarchy is structured in a "pyramid" sense such that a decision made at level m (slower time scale) state and/or the state will affect the evolutionary decision making process of the lower level m+1 (faster time scale) until a new decision is made at the higher level but the lower level decisions themselves do not affect the transition dynamics of higher levels. The performance produced by the lower level decisions will affect the higher level decisions. A hierarchical objective function is defined such that the finite-horizon value of following a (nonstationary) policy at level m+1 over a decision epoch of level m plus an immediate reward at level m is the single-step reward for the decision making process at level m. From this we define "multi-level optimal value function" and derive "multi-level optimality equation. " We discuss how to solve MMDPs exactly and study some approximation methods, along with heuristic sampling-based schemes, to solve MMDPs.
A network perspective of academiaindustry nanotechnology collaboration: A comparison of Canada and the United States

Novelty of nanotechnology and its invaluable application in almost all fields makes innovation in this sector an interest for many countries, including Canada and the United States. The collaboration between academia and industry is considered to be particularly beneficial in nanotechnology, as it is an emerging field where the science is interdisciplinary and applications are far and wide. This paper compares the nanotechnology innovation diffusion and knowledge transfer in Canada and the United States. In addition, it investigates the interaction between universities and industry in these countries and analyzes their network characteristics to highlight the distinct roles that academic and industrial researchers play in the collaboration network. The collaboration patterns are studied through co-authorship and co-inventorship data using social network analysis. The results show that the American nanotechnology subnetwork involves more collaboration, and is more centralized than the Canadian one. Moreover, in the aforesaid countries it was found that both academic researchers collaborating strictly within academia and industrial researchers working solely among themselves occupy more clustered but less central network positions. Consequently, no matter how productive or innovative these researchers are, their role in knowledge transmission is quite limited, while the researchers who bridge the two sectors through collaborations of university-industry nature are critical to the knowledge transfer through the network.
Do light sport facilities foster sports participation? A case study on the use of bark running tracks

ABSTRACT An increasing share of light sports participants (e.g. self-organised runners) challenge traditional ‘Sport for All’ policy systems to target a more diversified array of people participating in sport and physical activity. The main aim of this article is to analyse whether light sport facilities, as a distinct local level policy intervention, can contribute to the goals of attracting ‘light’ and/or new sports participants with public means. The study is carried out in the context of a particular case of running facilities (i.e. bark running tracks, BRTs) in Flanders. The use of BRTs is investigated by structured face-to-face interviews with runners at the location of the BRT (n = 546; RR = 98.8%). The profile of users of BRTs is elaborated based on users’ characteristics (whether or not one started to run due to the provision of a BRT, the frequency and intensity of using the BRT) in bivariate logistic regression analysis. Next, reasons for using BRTs are investigated. It is concluded that BRTs mainly serve as a facility of the fragmented individualised society by reaching a large share of light sports participants (86%). However, it has the ability to reach runners at different levels, who show different patterns of using BRTs. It is suggested that so-called silent expectations in light facilities may function differently for different types of users. In this view, findings are discussed in order to identify policy implications related to Sport for All.
N,N′-Bis(3-chloro-2-fluorobenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine

The molecule of the title centrosymmetric Schiff base compound, C16H12Cl2F2N2, adopts an E configuration with respect to the azomethine C=N bond. The imino groups are coplanar with the aromatic rings. Within the molecule, the planar units are parallel, but extend in opposite directions from the dimethylene bridge. An interesting feature of the crystal structure is the short intermolecular Cl⋯F [3.1747 (5) Å] interactions, which are shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of these atoms. These interactions link neighbouring molecules along the b axis. The crystal structure is further stabilized by π–π interactions, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.5244 (4) Å.
Comprehensive imaging of ischemic stroke with multisection CT.

Computed tomography (CT) is an established tool for the diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Nonenhanced CT can help exclude hemorrhage and detect "early signs" of infarction but cannot reliably demonstrate irreversibly damaged brain tissue in the hyperacute stage of ischemic stroke. Further evaluation of patients with ischemic stroke should include differentiation between reversible and irreversible brain damage, which is essential for choosing an appropriate therapy. Perfusion CT provides information about brain perfusion, which permits differentiation of irreversibly damaged brain tissue from reversibly impaired "tissue at risk. " CT angiography can help detect stenosis or occlusion of extra- and intracranial arteries. Multisection CT allows the combined use of all three imaging modalities-nonenhanced CT, perfusion CT, and CT angiography-to rapidly obtain comprehensive information regarding the extent of ischemic damage in acute stroke patients. Specific patterns of findings are typically seen in ischemic stroke and can be analyzed more accurately with the combined use of multisection CT and MR imaging. Nevertheless, prospective studies involving a large number of patients will be needed to ascertain the treatment of choice for patients with each of these patterns of findings.
Internet retail customer loyalty: the mediating role of relational benefits

The application of technology‐based self‐service in service delivery has grown rapidly in recent years, but our current understanding of customer retention and satisfaction in such contexts remains limited. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that utilizes the construct of relational benefits to explain the link between Internet‐based self‐service technology attributes and customer loyalty and satisfaction. The framework posits that confidence and special treatment benefits mediate the impact of Internet self‐service technology attributes on customer loyalty and satisfaction. The results of an empirical study using two contexts finds support for a fully mediated model. That is, confidence benefits mediate the impact of perceived control and performance on customer loyalty and satisfaction, while special treatment benefits mediate the relationship of efficiency and convenience with customer loyalty and satisfaction. The findings afford not only practical implications for marketers but also directions for future research on customer relational benefits and Internet‐based self‐service.
Possible Sharing Arrangements in Arma Supply Chains

We introduce a class of new sharing arrangements in a multi-stage supply chain in which the retailer observes stationary autoregressive moving average demand with Gaussian white noise (shocks). Similar to previous research, we assume each supply chain player constructs its best linear forecast of the leadtime demand and uses it to determine the order quantity via a periodic review myopic order-up-to policy. We demonstrate how a typical supply chain player can create a sequence of partial information shocks (PIS) from its full information shocks FIS and share these with an adjacent upstream player. We go on to show how such a sharing arrangement may be benecial to the upstream player by characterizing the player's FIS in such a case. Hence, we study how a player can determine its available information under PIS sharing, and use this information to forecast leadtime demand. We characterize the value of FIS sharing for a typical supply chain player. Furthermore, we show conditions under which a player is able to form and share valuable PIS without (i) revealing its historic demand sequence or (ii) revealing its FIS sequence. We also provide a way of comparing various PIS sharing arrangements with each other and with conventional sharing arrangements involving demand sharing or FIS sharing. We show that demand propagates through a supply chain where any player may share nothing or a sequence of PIS shocks with an adjacent upstream player as quasi-ARMA in - quasi-ARMA out.
Capital Structure, Liquidity and Miscoordination on Runs

We analyze miscoordination on runs among debt investors under changing capital structure and market liquidity of firm assets. Investors draw on a finite, common pool of liquidity. In case of a run, repay to debt investors is partial and endogenous. The resulting global game with one-sided strategic complementarity gives rise to non-monotone comparative statics. When liquidity dries up, increasing short-term financing may decrease the probability of runs, more short-term debt can discipline debt investors to better coordinate. As a result, capital and liquidity regulation may harm stability. Results hold under partial asset liquidation or collateralized borrowing.
Emerging Markets Capital Structure and Financial Integration

This paper studies the impact of international financial integration on corporate financing choices, at a country level. Examining publically quoted firms of 24 emerging economies over the 1995-2007 period, we find that greater bond market integration is associated with increased leverage and a longer debt maturity. Measuring credit market integration via bank loan channels we find that increased integration leads to shorter debt maturity. In comparison with other firms, large firms tend to have higher leverage and longer debt maturity, and firms in common law countries have a longer debt maturity as financial integration increases. We find relatively little impact on emerging market firms capital structure choices when we examine equity market integration.
Price Setting with Customer Retention

We study a model where customers face frictions when changing their supplier, generating sluggishness in the rm’s customer base. Firms care about retaining customers and this aects their pricing strategy. We characterize optimal pricing in this model and estimate it using data on the evolution of the customer base of a large US retailer. The introduction of customer retention concerns reduces markups, more markedly for less productive rms. We show that our model delivers pro-cyclical markups, as well as heterogeneous pass-through of cost shocks. These results help explaining recent empirical evidence.
Retinal Projection or Size Constancy as Determinants of the Horizontal-Vertical Illusion?

To compare the influence of the projected retinal size and of the figure size on the perception of the horizontal-vertical illusion, the target size, the viewing distance, and the slant of an illusion figure were varied. In the first experiment the illusion produced by two figures of the same object size but of different retinal size was compared with that of two figures projecting the same retinal size but differing in object size. The illusion diminished when the size of the retinal projection was increased, whereas a change in figure size did not change the illusion. In Exp. II the illusion figure was tilted backwards which reduced the retinal projection of the ‘vertical’ figure limb. The illusion decreased and became negative as a function of the retinal projection, but this decrease was relatively small compared with the reduction of the retinal image. The results are interpreted as supporting a retinal origin as an explanation of the illusion. Although there is strong evidence for size-constancy scaling in a tilted figure, constancy scaling is considered of minor importance as a determinant of the usual illusion.