Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fresh and matured lamb meat quality fed with sunflower seeds and vitamin E

The objective of the study is to evaluate meat quality from Ile de France lamb fed diets supplemented with sunflower seeds and vitamin E. Thirty-two lamb weighing initially 15kg were housed in individual stalls and slaughtered when body weight reached 32kg. The treatments consisted of four experimental diets: D1) sugarcane + concentrate without sunflower seeds; D2) sugarcane + concentrate with sunflower seeds; D3) sugarcane + concentrate without sunflower seeds plus 1000mg vitamin E kg-1 diet dry matter (DM); and D4) sugarcane + concentrate with sunflower seeds and 1000mg vitamin E kg-1 diet DM. The parameters temperature, pH, color, cooking loss, shear force and water holding capacity were determined at maturation times of 0, 7 and 14 days on the Longissimus dorsi muscle. Qualitative characteristics of the meat were not affected by the sunflower seed combined with vitamin E diet; however, pH 24 hours was affected (P 0.05) by diet or maturation times. On the other hand, shear force and water holding capacity were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the treatments. The use of vitamin E resulted in lamb meat with higher water holding capacity. Maturation time influenced the parameters pH, color and shear force. Lamb meat that matured for 7 days displayed the lowest shear force.
A visitor motivational typology at Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage Site

Orientation: Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage Site (MNP) is a unique national park in South Africa in that it includes a World Heritage Site of significant importance for the people of southern Africa. MNP is a relatively new national park with low visitor numbers and occupancy rates, which threaten the sustainable management of the park. Research purpose: This study aimed to develop a general visitor profile and to describe the motivational factors for visiting the park in order to support the development of tourism at MNP. Motivation of the study: A tourism management plan is required for the park; however, any planning associated planning requires an assessment of tourist behaviour and needs. Research design, approach and method: An online questionnaire was distributed to a database of visitors to MNP during March−April 2013. A total of 486 responses were received. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics through frequencies and means. Motivator constructs were analysed through a factor analysis. Main findings: The study both confirmed and contradicted previous findings from other national parks in terms of visitor profiles and motivations. Most crucially, this study identified a new motivational factor for visiting national parks, which advances the need to manage the heritage aspect of world heritage sites distinctly from national parks. Managerial implications: The results indicated that visitors to MNP were older and better educated compared to visitors at other national parks. These visitors included predominantly first-time visitors. In addition these visitors are mainly motivated by the need for a nature experience , although the park is not a Big 5 reserve, findings also identified heritage and educatio n as a unique motivational factor for this park. Contribution added: The study promotes the requirement of a unique park-specific tourism management strategy for MNP as the market base of this park is demographically distinct. In addition, the park should improve the promotion of its status as a World Heritage asset in relation to its natural attributes in order to attract greater numbers of heritage tourists. Although the park features exceptional natural features, the reserve is not a Big 5 reserve and this may result in dissatisfaction with the major group of visitors seeking a nature experience.
Exploring the Role of Positive Psychology Constructs as Protective Factors Against the Impact of Negative Environmental Variables on the Subjective Well-being of Older Adults

Exploring the Role of Positive Psychology Constructs as Protective Factors Against the Impact of Negative Environmental Variables on the Subjective Well-being of Older Adults. (May 2011) Ginger Diane Pezent, B.A.; B.A., The University of Alabama; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Michael Duffy The present study explored how older adults adapt to the negative changes that often occur as people age. This study sought to provide a comprehensive investigation of how the positive psychology variables of hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy might work together to serve as protective factors against the potentially deleterious impact of negative environmental variables on the subjective well-being of older adults. The negative environmental variables examined in this study included declining health status, lower social support, and negative life events (e.g., loss of spouse, reduced income, etc.). In this study, the subjective well-being in older adults is defined as an overall sense of satisfaction with life, high positive affect, and low negative affect. This study examined three primary hypothesized models, each investigating how positive internal dispositional factors (as measured by taking the composite of hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy), work together to mediate the relationship between the components of subjective well-being and a different environmental variable for each model. Several alternative path analyses models were also run based on modifications to
Comparative behaviour and ecology of two sympatric mongoose species (Cynictis penicillata and Galerella pulverulenta)

The activity, movements, home range size, habitat selection, social structure, density, pattern of faeces deposition, anti-predator behaviour, diet, and availability and distribution of the main food sources of two mongoose species [the yellow mongoose Cynictis penicillata and the Cape grey mongoose Gaierelia pulverulenta (= Herpestes pulverulentos) in a coastal area of South Africa are compared, Both species were diurnal. Galerella did not use dens, whereas Cynictis never rested outside a den. Total distance moved, home range size and density did not differ between the two species. Galerella frequented bush, whereas Cynictis frequented open fields. The yellow mongoose was more social than the grey mongoose, but the basic social structure was similar. Faeces of Cynictis were found in large clumps close to the dens, while those of Galerella were more scattered. This parallels the greater constancy of use of the sleeping sites by Cynictis. Rodents (> 90% of Cape grey mongoose diet) were much more abundant in the bush, while availability of insects (main food source for the yellow mongoose) was higher in the open fields. Habitat selection, Ihrough its effects on anti-predator and feeding strategies, might have been the leading factor in the evolution of sociality in herpestids.
Channel estimation in a two-way relay network

In wireless communications, channel estimation is necessary for coherent symbol detection. This thesis considers a network which consists of two transceivers communicating with the help of a relay applying the amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying scheme. The training based channel estimation technique is applied to the proposed network where the numbers of the training sequence transmitted by the two transceivers, are different. All three terminals are equipped with a single antenna for signal transmission and reception. Communication between the transceivers is carried out in two phases. In the first phase, each transceiver sends a transmission block of data embedded with known training symbols to the relay. In the second phase, the relay retransmits an amplified version of the received signal to both transceivers. Estimates of the channel coefficients are obtained using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator. The performance analysis of the derived estimates are carried out in terms of the mean squared error (MSE) and we determine conditions required to increase the estimation accuracy.
The Effect of Handicaps on Turnout for Large Electorates: An Application to Assessment Voting

We analyze Assessment Voting, a new two-round voting procedure that can be applied to binary decisions in democratic societies. In the first round, a randomly-selected number of citizens cast their vote on one of the two alternatives at hand, thereby irrevocably exercising their right to vote. In the second round, after the results of the first round have been published, the remaining citizens decide whether to vote for one alternative or to ab- stain. The votes from both rounds are aggregated, and the final outcome is obtained by applying the majority rule, with ties being broken by fair randomization. Within a costly voting framework, we show that large elec- torates will choose the preferred alternative of the majority with high prob- ability, and that average costs will be low. This result is in contrast with the literature on one-round voting, which predicts either higher voting costs (when voting is compulsory) or decisions that often do not represent the preferences of the majority (when voting is voluntary).
OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF BINARY SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES

Observations indicate that most massive galaxies contain a supermassive black hole, and theoretical studies suggest that when such galaxies have a major merger, the central black holes will form a binary and eventually coalesce. Here we discuss two spectral signatures of such binaries that may help distinguish them from ordinary active galactic nuclei. These signatures are expected when the mass ratio between the holes is not extreme and the system is fed by a circumbinary disk. One such signature is a notch in the thermal continuum that has been predicted by other authors; we point out that it should be accompanied by a spectral revival at shorter wavelengths and also discuss its dependence on binary properties such as mass, mass ratio, and separation. In particular, we note that the wavelength λn at which the notch occurs depends on these three parameters in such a way as to make the number of systems displaying these notches ; longer wavelength searches are therefore strongly favored. A second signature, first discussed here, is hard X-ray emission with a Wien-like spectrum at a characteristic temperature ∼100 keV produced by Compton cooling of the shock generated when streams from the circumbinary disk hit the accretion disks around the individual black holes. We investigate the observability of both signatures. The hard X-ray signal may be particularly valuable as it can provide an indicator of black hole merger a few decades in advance of the event.
IISSSSCC DD IISSCCUUSSSSIIOONN PP AAPPEERR SS EERRIIEESS C ONSUMPTION AND H OUSE P RICES IN I RELAND Dr.

We examine the link between private consumption and housing wealth in Ireland. We find that the marginal propensity to consume out of housing wealth is essentially zero. This is in marked contrast to the recent evidence for other OECD countries. The evidence is robust to changes in statistical methodology. Thus we can conclude that the recent consumption growth has not been financed by borrowing against housing wealth perhaps because that the private sector does not find recent increases in house prices fully credible.
The right of minorities to political participation under the Ethiopian electoral system

Broad representation of different ethnic groups has implications in stability and the quality of democracy. The right to political participation is largely realized through the electoral system of a country. The choice among electoral systems should thus take various factors into account including the need for securing equitable representation, including minority groups. It is argued that the ' first ’ system embodied in Ethiopia’s electoral law denies national and regional minorities equitable and adequate share of political power in the respective federal and regional councils. Hence, taking into consideration Ethiopia’s long history of competing ethnic nationalisms and lack of consensus, there is the need for securing adequate representation proportional to the numerical presence of minorities in constituencies in lieu of stubborn adherence solely to the majoritarian plurality system. Keywords: Political participation, minorities, electoral law, electoral systems, ethnic groups, equitable representation, Ethiopia MIZAN LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No.1, September 2013
Gross Domestic Product , Economic Growth and Export Performance : Causal Relationships

Tanzania has been experiencing a persistent balance of trade deficit since the 1970s. This paper examines factors affecting export performance in Tanzania during the 1966-2015 period by employing Johansen cointegration and Granger causality approach. The Error Correction Modeling is employed to estimate the model. Based on the findings of cointegration approach the paper reveals that there is a stable long-run relationship between the series. Results suggest that economic real per capita GDP, trade liberalization, and exchange rate have a positive impact on export performance in Tanzania. The results also reveal that exports and official development assistance are negatively associated in the economy of Tanzania. Furthermore, the paper establishes the direction of causality between exports and economic growth. The results on this causal relationship suggest that real per capita GDP causes exports and not otherwise. This implies that that policies geared towards real per capita GDP should be given first priority if export trend is to be enhanced over time. Notwithstanding, from a policy point of view the macroeconomic instability is supported by the findings as inflation has a negative impact on exports. Increases inflation in the exporting economy than importing economy causes exports to become more expensive, resulting in a decline in exports.
Dépenses occasionnées aux femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein non métastatique et à leur conjoint

Objectif : L’objectif de ce memoire est d’evaluer les depenses occasionnees par le cancer du sein non metastatique chez les femmes et leurs conjoints durant l’annee suivant le diagnostic. Methodes : Cette etude de cohorte prospective est basee sur des series consecutives de femmes provenant de 8 hopitaux a travers le Quebec. Les donnees ont ete recueillies par trois entrevues telephoniques realisees 1, 6 et 12 mois suivant le debut des traitements. Resultats : Au total, 800 femmes (participation, 86 %) et 391 conjoints (participation, 72 %) ont complete les trois entrevues. La valeur mediane des depenses etait de 1002 $ CA pour les femmes et 111 $ CA pour leur conjoint. Une proportion importante des depenses (74 %) s’effectuaient lors des traitements et du suivi medical. Conclusion : Les depenses semblent relativement modestes pour la plupart des femmes et leurs conjoints. %%%%Objectives: This master's thesis focuses on out-of-pocket (OOP) costs incurred by women diagnosed with early breast cancer and their spouses during the first year following diagnosis. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among consecutive series of women from eight Quebec hospitals. OOP costs were estimated on the basis of information collected by three telephone interviews at 1, 6 and 12 months following the start of treatment. Results: A total of 800 women (participation, 86%) and 391 spouses (participation, 72 %) completed all three interviews. Median OOP costs was CAD$ 1002 for women and CAD$ 111 for their spouses. A significant proportion of OOP costs (74 %) resulted from treatments and follow-up. Conclusion: Considered overall, out-of-pocket costs from breast cancer for the first year after diagnosis appear relatively modest.
Technological Opportunity, Regulatory Uncertainty, and Bt Cotton in Pakistan

Introduction Genetically modified, insect-resistant Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton has been adopted extensively across Pakistan’s cotton-growing regions during the past decade. Evidence suggests that benefits have been realized in Pakistan in terms of reductions in crop damage and losses, quantity and cost of pesticide application, and harmful health effects of pesticide use, as well as increases in yields (Ali & Abdulai, 2010; Bakhsh, 2013; Kouser & Qaim, 2013a; Nazli, Orden, Sarker, & Meilke, 2010). However, the release and marketing of Bt cotton varieties has largely been unregulated in Pakistan. Subsequently, questions have emerged around the possible impact of widespread adoption of unapproved Bt cotton and the diffusion of varieties with variable, inconsistent, and sometimes ineffective insect-resistance trait (Ali et al., 2012; Ali, Shahid, Shahid, Ali, & Yusuf, 2010). There are relatively few safeguards to prevent the spread of poor-quality cotton seed (and cotton technologies embodied in seed) because of the inherent nature of seed markets. In most seed transactions in these markets, farmers cannot evaluate the quality of a seed or the technology embodied in that seed upon visual inspection. Nor can farmers evaluate seed or technology quality if regulatory systems do not enforce rules requiring seed sellers to provide technical information on quality alongside their products, and/or if the judicial system does not provide sufficient recourse for farmers defrauded by seed sellers. This means that there is scope for firms—seed companies, seed wholesalers and retailers, or farmers who produce and sell seed to others—to use information asymmetries in the market for (Bt or non-Bt) cotton seed as a means of securing rents. This can be further exacerbated when firms collude to ensure that a weak regulatory regime remains in place, thus extending access to rents for longer periods of time. Concerns about poor-quality seed-based technologies, information asymmetries between farmers and firms, weak regulatory regimes, and possible collusion among firms are at the heart of the policy discourse around Bt cotton in Pakistan (Rana, 2010, 2014; Rana, Khawar, Gilani, & Rana, 2013). The absence of sufficient evidence to substantiate these concerns and motivate policy action can have a range of negative consequences. First, it is possible that the quality of Bt cotton—more specifically, the level of Bt gene expression or the quality of seed—can affect cotton production and cotton-producing households. The number of farmers potentially affected is non-trivial: approximately 2.2 million farms cultivate cotton in Pakistan, accounting for 26% of all farms in the country (Government of Pakistan [GOP], 2012). David J. Spielman International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Post-marsupial development of Hyalella pleoacuta (Crustacea: Amphipoda): stages 1-4

The goal of this study is to describe and compare the initial stages of the post-marsupial development of Hyalella pleoacuta Gonzalez, Bond-Buckup & Araujo, 2006, prior to the development of sexual dimorphism. Ovigerous females were collected in Sao Jose dos Ausentes, RS, Brazil and kept in laboratory. Juveniles were kept separately after emerging from the marsupium and were monitored daily for the presence of exuvia. Individuals from post-marsupial stages (S) 1 to 4 were dissected and illustrated. Cuticular structures were observed through SEM. Twenty three types of setae, one type of setule, two types of pores, two types of denticles and one type of penicilium were found. Cuticular structures undergo modification through development in the matters of haste size, number and size of setules, and formation of the polygonal pattern, although there is no change from one type to another. Gnathopods and antennae are the appendages that go through more modifications. The articles number of the flagellum is constant until S2. The size of the coxal plate of gnathopods in relation to the propodus has a tendency to increase throughout the stages. The uropod proportion becomes smaller in S3 when compared to S1. The number of serrate setae in the external plate of maxilla 1 varies up to S4, being different from the adult whose number is 9. The telson modifies its shape but its setae number is constant.
A theoretical evaluation on benzothiazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors on mild Steel

Density functional theory (DFT), using the B3LYP functional was used to study the inhibition performance of two benzothiazole derivatives namely 1,3-benzothiazole-2-amine (BTA) and 6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2-amine (MBTA) which were recently used as corrosion inhibitors for Mild Steel Corrosion in 1 N HCl. The quantum chemical properties such as EHOMO(highest occupied molecular orbital energy), ELUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), energy gap (ΔE), dipole moment (μ), hardness (η), softness (s), the absolute electronegativity (χ), the fractions of electrons transferred (ΔN) and the electrophilicity index (ω) were calculated. The local reactivity has been analyzed through the Fukui function and local softness indices in order to compare the possible sites for nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks. The theoretical results are in well accordance with the experimental outcomes.
Implicit homophobic argument structure: equal marriage discourse in the Moral maze

This article analyses the linguistic and discursive elements which contribute to the production of implicit homophobia. Explicit homophobia has been well documented and strategies for countering discriminatory language have been developed (Baker 2014, Leap 2012). However, our interest here is in documenting implicit homophobia, where homophobic beliefs are only hinted at, are disassociated from the speaker, or are embedded within discursive and argument structures. We decided to analyse the debate in the media around the introduction of equal or same-sex marriage legislation in the UK. We focused our analysis on a series of radio programmes on BBC Radio 4, The Moral Maze (2011–2012), where the issue of same-sex marriage was debated with a team of panelists and invited guests from a range of different organisations. Different perspectives on same-sex marriage were discussed, in a seemingly objective and dispassionate way, where the interactants distanced themselves from homophobic beliefs and yet implicitly subscribed to homophobia. We used an analysis drawing on argumentation structure (Fairclough & Fairclough 2012) and through focusing on stance, recontextualisation, imaginaries, and metaphor, we developed an analysis which made the way that implicit homophobia works more visible. In this way, we hope to foreground implicit homophobia, and develop a linguistic and discursive ‘toolkit’ which will enable it to be challenged and countered.
FDI in Hungary: The first mover's advantage and disadvantage

Presenting a case study of FDI in Hungary, this paper first reviews the characteristics of FDI in Hungary since the outset of transition. It then examines the determinants of FDI in Hungary, finding that early and comprehensive privatisation and the creation of a generally business-friendly policy environment played key roles in making Hungary an early leader in FDI flows to countries in Central and Eastern Europe. But the paper also observes that some of Hungary's first-mover advantage has been eroded in recent years as other countries have provided increasingly friendly environments for FDI, often combined with lower labour costs. The paper then proceeds to assess the influence of FDI on Hungary's economy. It concludes that FDI has had, on balance, a positive impact on economic performance although hard evidence of spillovers to indigenous firms is difficult to find.
Pattern Building Methods in Genetic Data Processing

This work is a part of long-term investigations carried out by the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Constitutive Immunity at Petrozavodsk State University. The paper describes development of approaches to genetic information analysis as applied to septic shock sensitivity investigation on basis of a mice model. The septic shock can be modeled by the injection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The paper describes two methods of finding markers combinations (patterns) affecting resistance to TNF. The developed algorithms were implemented and applied to the input data. The results showed the significant correspondence between some chromosome markers and resistance to TNF.