Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surveying the range and magnitude of alcohol's harm to others in Australia.

AIMS This study aims to document the adverse effects of drinkers in Australia on people other than the drinker. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING In a national survey of Australia, respondents described the harmful effects they experienced from drinkers in their households, family and friendship networks, as well as work-place and community settings. PARTICIPANTS A randomly selected sample of 2,649 adult Australians. MEASUREMENTS Problems experienced because of others' drinking were ascertained via computer-assisted telephone interviews. Respondent and drinker socio-demographic and drinking pattern data were recorded. FINDINGS A total of 70% of respondents were affected by strangers' drinking and experienced nuisance, fear or abuse, and 30% reported that the drinking of someone close to them had negative effects, although only 11% were affected by such a person 'a lot'. Women were more affected by someone they knew in the household or family, while men were more affected by strangers, friends and co-workers. Young adults were consistently the most negatively affected across the majority of types of harm. CONCLUSIONS Substantial proportions of Australians are affected by other people's drinking, including that of their families, friends, co-workers and strangers. These harms range in magnitude from noise and fear to physical abuse, sexual coercion and social isolation.
The ubiquitin ligase Siah2 regulates tumorigenesis and metastasis by HIF-dependent and -independent pathways

The ubiquitin ligase Siah2 has been shown to regulate prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) stability with concomitant effect on HIF-1α availability. Because HIF-1α is implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis, we used SW1 mouse melanoma cells, which develop primary tumors with a propensity to metastasize, in a syngeneic mouse model to assess a possible role for Siah2 in these processes. Inhibiting Siah2 activity by expressing a peptide designed to outcompete association of Siah2-interacting proteins reduced metastasis through HIF-1α without affecting tumorigenesis. Conversely, inhibiting Siah2 activity by means of a dominant-negative Siah2 RING mutant primarily reduced tumorigenesis through the action of Sprouty 2, a negative regulator of Ras signaling. Consistent with our findings, reduced expression of PHD3 and Sprouty2 was observed in more advanced stages of melanoma tumors. Using complementary approaches, our data establish the role of Siah2 in tumorigenesis and metastasis by HIF-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Enhancing Photocurrent Efficiencies by Resonance Energy Transfer in CdTe Quantum Dot Multilayers: Towards Rainbow Solar Cells

DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101423 Research aimed at developing low-cost, easily producible, and effi cient solar cells is an expanding fi eld and is currently of prime importance. In this regard, dye-sensitized, organic, and hybrid solar cells (i.e., organic–inorganic) have emerged as the most promising candidates. In recent years, groundbreaking breakthroughs have led to steadily improving power conversion effi ciencies. Here, the key was several interlocking approaches that involved material synthesis, in situ or in operandi measurements, characterization methods, and simulations. [ 1 , 2 ]
The effect birth interval on fetal outcome at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital - a cross sectional study.

Background: Birth spacing is a well-known and underutilized health intervention. Longer birth intervals are associated with multiple health benefits for both mother and the child. Aim: To determine the effect of birth interval on fetal outcome in our environment. Methods: A cross sectional study, conducted at the university of Maiduguri teaching hospital. The subjects were multiparous women carrying singleton pregnancy who come to deliver at the hospital Obstetrics and Gynaecology unit during the study period. A pretested questionnaire was used to obtain their sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. The effect of birth interval on fetal outcome was determined using χ 2 test. Results: During the study period, 530 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria out of which complete data was obtained in 500 women; a response rate of 94.3%. The mean age of the study population was 28.8±5.7 years and the mean birth interval was 32.3±18.1 months. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.93±1.87 weeks and the mean birth weight was 3270±165 gram. There was significant association between short birth interval and preterm delivery (χ 2 =18.45, P=0.005) as well as fifth minute Apgar score of less than 7 (χ 2 =12.112, P=0.007). Conclusion: Short birth interval was significantly associated with preterm delivery and birth asphyxia.
Rational Design and Enhanced Biocompatibility of a Dry Adhesive Medical Skin Patch

This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (No. 20110017530), WCU (World Class University) program (R31-2008-000-10083-0) on multiscale mechanical design, and Basic Science Research Program (2010-0027955) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST). This work was supported in part by the Award No KUK-F1-037-02, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (IAMD) of Seoul National University.
Addiction and the science of history.

AIMS To discuss the contributions historians have made to the addiction field, broadly construed to include licit and illicit drug use, drug policy, drug treatment and epidemiological and neuroscientific research. METHODS Review of literature, highlighting specific contributions and controversies from recent research on the United States, the United Kingdom, China and world history. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS At the bar of addiction knowledge, historians make for excellent companions--until they turn quarrelsome. Historians' companionability arises from their ability to tell a particularly rich kind of story, one that blends structure, agency and contingency in a contextualizing narrative. Historians' occasional quarrelsomeness arises from their skepticism about the ascendant brain-disease paradigm, the medical and pharmaceutical establishments and the drug war, especially in its US incarnation. These enterprises have put some historians in a polemical frame of mind, raising doubts about the objectivity of their work and questions about the political orientation of historical scholarship (and, more generally, of social science research) in the field.
Reproducibility of Histamine Skin Prick Test

The reproducibility of skin prick test using histamine dihydrochloride 1, 5, and 10 mg/ml was tested by three nurses in five non‐atopics in a double‐blind trial. The variations day‐to‐day, within‐day, between and for the same tester were calculated. Seventy‐five percent of wheal reactions obtained by histamine 1 mg/ml were < 15 mm2. With histamine 5 mg/ml there were only a few wheals < 15 mm2 and none at all with bistamine 10 mg/ml. The mean coefficient of variation of wheals > 15 mm2 was between 20–30%, in contrast to figures between 30‐60% with wheals < 15 mm2. No significant day‐to‐day or within‐day variation was shown concerning histamine wheal areas. It is suggested that histamine dihydrochloride 10 mg/ml should replace histamine dihydrochloride 1 mg/ml as the positive reference in routine skin prick tests and biological standardization.
Carbon Nanotube Array/Polymer Core/Shell Structured Composites with High Dielectric Permittivity, Low Dielectric Loss, and Large Energy Density

Polymer-based composites have been found to be widely attractive in the past few years because of their great potential in various fi elds. [ 1–7 ] Exploring polymer-based dielectrics with high energy density ( J = κ 0 κ E 2 /2), i.e., high dielectric permittivity (highκ ), high breakdown electric fi eld (highE ), and low dielectric loss (low tan δ ), has recently aroused considerable interest. [ 1 , 8 , 9 ] However, the relative dielectric permittivity of polymers is very low ( κ < 5) while the breakdown electric fi eld ( E > 200 kV mm − 1 ) remains high. [ 1 , 4 , 5 ] Thus, a key issue is to enhance dielectric permittivity of polymers while retaining other excellent performances. One common approach is to add highκ ceramic fi llers (e.g., BaTiO 3 , Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 , CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 , etc) into polymers, which can increase κ by about ten times relative to the polymer matrix. [ 10–14 ] However, high loading of the ceramic fi llers (usually over 50 vol%) dramatically decreases the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. Another strategy is to fabricate percolative composite capacitors by adding conductive fi llers (e.g., metal particles and carbon nanotubes) into polymers. [ 4 , 5 , 15 , 17 ] As the volume fraction of the fi llers increases to the percolation threshold, κ of the composites can be dramatically enhanced. However, the dielectric loss of these percolative composites is usually quite high due to the insulator–conductor transition near the percolation threshold. Among these conductive fi llers in polymer-based composites, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a large aspect ratio and present unique mechanical properties, showing high electrical and thermal conductivity values. [ 16–18 ] CNT/polymer composites have been pursued with the hope of delivering CNT properties to a processable and synergistic host. [ 19–21 ] With respect to the electrical properties of CNT/polymer composites, the dielectric properties of CNT/polymer composites were reported, and it was found that these materials showed different dielectric properties depending on the polymer matrix and dispersion of CNTs in the composites. [ 16 , 17 , 21 , 22 ] Several methods have been
From Triage to Treatment: an Exploration of Patient Flow Systems in Emergency Departments

With overcrowding and increasing waiting times leading to angry and frustrated patients and clinical staff, Emergency Departments (EDs) need to ensure their patient flow processes – from triage to treatment – improve patient safety and satisfaction. Under conventional triage processes, all patients enter the ED through one portal, and treatment priorities are based on clinical assessments. This process disadvantages lower triage category patients, who have to endure unpredictable and often lengthy delays before receiving treatment. Extended waiting times can create an environment which leads to difficult behaviour and increased rates of patient initiated violence, as well as risk to patients who leave EDs without being medically assessed. There are also further risks posed by undifferentiated patients who may deteriorate while waiting for treatment. To find an effective approach to managing or reducing waiting times for lower triage category patients processed through one particular metropolitan ED, an extensive search of the literature revealed several different patient flow processes, but not all suited local conditions. These approaches are discussed, in relation to suitability for the particular ED. The history of triage, including how and why it evolved, plus the realities of triage today are explored. Included are case examples of two patients on a journey through the department the way it is presently, and how it could be if particular approaches are introduced. Extending nursing practice by introducing nurse-initiated x-rays at triage and the introduction of a separate stream for minor category patients in a dedicated ambulatory care area is one approach that could improve waiting times for these patients. There would be the added advantage of improving triage compliance figures for category three patients. The additional costs involved in such a process could be offset by improved efficiency in terms of waiting times, improved triage compliance figures, happier patients and clinical staff, and an emptier waiting room.
Impact of Vitamin D and Asthma on Preeclampsia Development: A Sequential Evidence-Based Approach to Genomic Analysis

Vitamin D has known effects on lung development and the immune system that may be important in the development, severity and course of allergic diseases (asthma, eczema and food allergy). Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide and may partly explain the increases in asthma and allergic diseases that have occurred over the last 50-60 years. In this review we explore past and current knowledge on the effect of vitamin D on lung development and immunomodulation and present the evidence of its role in allergic conditions. While there is growing observational and experimental evidence for the role of vitamin D, well-designed and well-powered clinical trials are needed to determine whether supplementation of vitamin D should be recommended in these disorders.
Protection from lethal Gram-negative bacterial sepsis by targeting Toll-like receptor 4

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the signal-transducing molecule of the LPS receptor complex, plays a fundamental role in the sensing of LPS from Gram-negative bacteria. Activation of TLR4 signaling pathways by LPS is a critical upstream event in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative sepsis, making TLR4 an attractive target for novel antisepsis therapy. To validate the concept of TLR4-targeted treatment strategies in Gram-negative sepsis, we first showed that TLR4−/− and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)−/− mice were fully resistant to Escherichia coli–induced septic shock, whereas TLR2−/− and wild-type mice rapidly died of fulminant sepsis. Neutralizing anti-TLR4 antibodies were then generated using a soluble chimeric fusion protein composed of the N-terminal domain of mouse TLR4 (amino acids 1–334) and the Fc portion of human IgG1. Anti-TLR4 antibodies inhibited intracellular signaling, markedly reduced cytokine production, and protected mice from lethal endotoxic shock and E. coli sepsis when administered in a prophylactic and therapeutic manner up to 13 h after the onset of bacterial sepsis. These experimental data provide strong support for the concept of TLR4-targeted therapy for Gram-negative sepsis.
DNA knots occur in intracellular chromatin

Abstract In vivo DNA molecules are narrowly folded within chromatin fibers and self-interacting chromatin domains. Therefore, intra-molecular DNA entanglements (knots) might occur via DNA strand passage activity of topoisomerase II. Here, we assessed the presence of such DNA knots in a variety of yeast circular minichromosomes. We found that small steady state fractions of DNA knots are common in intracellular chromatin. These knots occur irrespective of DNA replication and cell proliferation, though their abundance is reduced during DNA transcription. We found also that in vivo DNA knotting probability does not scale proportionately with chromatin length: it reaches a value of ∼0.025 in domains of ∼20 nucleosomes but tends to level off in longer chromatin fibers. These figures suggest that, while high flexibility of nucleosomal fibers and clustering of nearby nucleosomes facilitate DNA knotting locally, some mechanism minimizes the scaling of DNA knot formation throughout intracellular chromatin. We postulate that regulation of topoisomerase II activity and the fractal architecture of chromatin might be crucial to prevent a potentially massive and harmful self-entanglement of DNA molecules in vivo.
HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN (HSP60) IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE: A REVIEW -

Heat shock proteins are stress proteins that are produced by cells in response to environmental stress. They have various roles in the physiological as well as pathological processes of the body. These proteins have often been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review discusses the role of heat shock proteins (Hsp 60) in the pathogenesis as well as treatment of periodontal disease.
Impacts of tropical cyclones on U.S. forest tree mortality and carbon flux from 1851 to 2000

Tropical cyclones cause extensive tree mortality and damage to forested ecosystems. A number of patterns in tropical cyclone frequency and intensity have been identified. There exist, however, few studies on the dynamic impacts of historical tropical cyclones at a continental scale. Here, we synthesized field measurements, satellite image analyses, and empirical models to evaluate forest and carbon cycle impacts for historical tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2000 over the continental U.S. Results demonstrated an average of 97 million trees affected each year over the entire United States, with a 53-Tg annual biomass loss, and an average carbon release of 25 Tg y−1. Over the period 1980–1990, released CO2 potentially offset the carbon sink in forest trees by 9–18% over the entire United States. U.S. forests also experienced twice the impact before 1900 than after 1900 because of more active tropical cyclones and a larger extent of forested areas. Forest impacts were primarily located in Gulf Coast areas, particularly southern Texas and Louisiana and south Florida, while significant impacts also occurred in eastern North Carolina. Results serve as an important baseline for evaluating how potential future changes in hurricane frequency and intensity will impact forest tree mortality and carbon balance.
Using text messaging to prevent relapse to smoking: intervention development, practicability and client reactions.

AIMS The NHS Stop Smoking Service (NHS-SSS) helps approximately half its clients to quit for 4 weeks. However, most initially successful quitters relapse within 6 months. Short message service (SMS) texting has been shown to facilitate stopping smoking. We describe the development, implementation and subsequent evaluation, in terms of practicability and client response, of an SMS text-based relapse prevention intervention (RPI) delivered within routine community and specialist National Health Service (NHS) Stop Smoking Service (SSS) provision in four Primary Care Trusts. DESIGN Text messages aimed at motivation to remain abstinent, preventing careless lapses and continuing the full course of medicine for smoking cessation were developed and sent weekly to clients' mobile phones for 12 weeks and fortnightly for 6 months. They were asked to respond to some of the texts and contact the NHS SSS if they lapsed. They were also offered free nicotine mini lozenges to be sent via the mail on three occasions. SETTING NHS SSS. PARTICIPANTS 202 clients who had been abstinent for 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS Feasibility of introducing RPI into routine care; response to interactive messages and requests for the medication; rating of the helpfulness of RPI; self-reported and carbon monoxide (CO)-validated smoking status for up to 26 weeks. FINDINGS A text-based RPI was easy to implement within the NHS SSS provided by specialist advisers, but enrollment of clients from services provided by a network of pharmacists was difficult because client contact details were often lacking. Where records of the number of people invited to RPI were available, 94% of eligible participants enrolled. The RPI was well received by both SSS clients and staff, with 70% (n = 63) of clients who completed follow-up considering the intervention helpful. Eighty-five per cent (n = 172) of clients responded to at least one of the nine interactive text messages. Sixty-four clients (32% of the total, 47% of those we managed to contact) reported continuous abstinence at 6 months. Eighteen (9%) clients who relapsed to smoking used the RPI to re-engage with the NHS SSS and 10 (5%) successfully re-established abstinence. CONCLUSIONS In smokers attending National Health Service Stop Smoking Services who are abstinent 4 weeks after their quit date, a relapse prevention intervention based on SMS text messaging was well received, and can be implemented economically and rapidly. A controlled trial is needed to establish whether it has a significant impact on relapse.
Relação entre a administração de esteróide anabólico androgênico, treinamento físico aeróbio e supercompensação do glicogênio

La supercompensacion de glucogeno es una de las adaptaciones inducidas por el entrenamiento fisico. Visualizando potencializar este fenomeno, muchos atletas utilizan dosis suprafisiologicas de estos esteroides anabolicos androgenicos (EAA). El objetivo de este estudio fue el de evaluar en ratas los efectos de nandrolona y del ejercicio aerobico sobre el peso corporal, los trigliceridos, la gluclosa y las reservas de glucogeno. Ratas Wistar machos fueron aleatoriamente divididas en 4 grupos: sedentarios + vehiculo (SV), entrenada + vehiculo (EV), sedentario + EAA (SEAA) y entrenada + EAA (EEAA, n = 7-14/grupo). Recibieron una inyeccion intramuscular de nandrolona en vehiculo durante dos semanas y durante este mismo periodo los animales entrenados fueron sometidos a ejercicio aerobico. Los datos fueron analizados usando las pruebas estadisticas ANOVA bifactorial y Tukey (p (SV: 0,2 ± 0,02 = SEAA: 0,21 ± 0,02mg/100mg)]. La glucemia y las reservas de glucogeno del soleo permanecieron inalteradas. El uso de dosis superfisiologicas de nandrona no potencializaron ninguno de los efectos obtenidos en respuesta al entrenamiento aerobico.
Anatomy of a Nanoscale Conduction Channel Reveals the Mechanism of a High‐Performance Memristor

By employing a precise method for locating and directly imaging the active switching region in a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device, a nanoscale conducting channel consisting of an amorphous Ta(O) solid solution surrounded by nearly stoichiometric Ta(2) O(5) is observed. Structural and chemical analysis of the channel combined with temperature-dependent transport measurements indicate a unique resistance switching mechanism.
Dendritic cells in the thymus contribute to T-regulatory cell induction

Central tolerance is established through negative selection of self-reactive thymocytes and the induction of T-regulatory cells (TRs). The role of thymic dendritic cells (TDCs) in these processes has not been clearly determined. In this study, we demonstrate that in vivo, TDCs not only play a role in negative selection but in the induction of TRs. TDCs include two conventional dendritic cell (DC) subtypes, CD8loSirpαhi/+ (CD8loSirpα+) and CD8hiSirpαlo/− (CD8loSirpα−), which have different origins. We found that the CD8hiSirpα+ DCs represent a conventional DC subset that originates from the blood and migrates into the thymus. Moreover, we show that the CD8loSirpα+ DCs demonstrate a superior capacity to induce TRs in vitro. Finally, using a thymic transplantation system, we demonstrate that the DCs in the periphery can migrate into the thymus, where they efficiently induce TR generation and negative selection.
The Knowledge of Third Trimester Pregnant Women about Postpartum and Newborn Infants Care.

Introduction : Postpartum period is a transition period but it is being neglected aspect from women health care. Mother’s knowledge and education before childbirth is important to be prepared for postpartum. Misfinformation about traditions/costums in society are considered irrational, causing confusion in puerperal women, especially for mothers who having their first birth (pirimipara). Method : Analytical observational study, using cross-sectional design. The research conducted in the area of Miri Health Centers, Sragen Regency in December 2012. Result : Mother’s age significantly associated with maternal knowledge (p=0,002). Long marriage was significantly assosiated with maternal knowledge (p=0,002). In high knowledge category was 25 pregnant women (83,3%) and moderate knowledge was 5 pregnant women (16,7%). Keywords: Knowledge, pregnant women in third semester, postpartum care, infants.