Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geomagnetic acceleration and rapid hydromagnetic wave dynamics in advanced numerical simulations of the geodynamo

Geomagnetic secular acceleration, the second temporal derivative of the Earth's magnetic field, is a unique window on the dynamics taking place in the Earth's core. In this study, the behaviours of the secular acceleration and underlying core dynamics are examined in new numerical simulations of the geodynamo that are dynamically closer to the Earth’s core conditions than earlier models. These new models reside on a theoretical path in parameter space connecting the region where most classical models are found to the natural conditions. The typical timescale for geomagnetic acceleration is found to be invariant along this path, at a value close to 10 yr that matches the Earth’s core estimates. Despite this invariance, the spatio-temporal properties of secular acceleration show significant variability along the path, with an asymptotic regime of rapid rotation reached after 30 per cent of this path (corresponding to a model Ekman number E = 3 × 10−7). In this regime, the energy of secular acceleration is entirely found at periods longer than that of planetary rotation, and the underlying flow acceleration patterns acquire a 2-D columnar structure representative of the rapid rotation limit. The spatial pattern of the secular acceleration at the core–mantle boundary shows significant localization of energy within an equatorial belt. Rapid hydromagnetic wave dynamics is absent at the start of the path because of insufficient timescale separation with convective processes, weak forcing and excessive damping but can be clearly exhibited in the asymptotic regime. This study reports on ubiquitous axisymmetric geostrophic torsional waves of weak amplitude relatively to convective transport, and also stronger, laterally limited, quasi-geostrophic Alfven waves propagating in the cylindrical radial direction from the tip of convective plumes towards the core–mantle boundary. In a system similar to the Earth’s core where the typical Alfven velocity is significantly larger than the typical convective velocity, quasi-geostrophic Alfven waves are shown to be an important carrier of flow acceleration to the core surface that links with the generation of strong, short-lived and intermittent equatorial pulses in the secular acceleration energy. The secular acceleration timescale is shown to be insensitive to magnetic signatures from torsional waves because of their weak amplitude, and from quasi-geostrophic Alfven waves because of their intermittent character, and is therefore only indicative of convective transport phenomena that remain invariant along the parameter space path.
Reduced competition for water and increased soil water availability after thinning may lead to reduced WUE i due to differential enhancement of g s over A in remaining trees (

Silvicultural thinning usually improves the water status of remaining trees in water-limited forests. We evaluated the usefulness of a dual stable isotope approach (d 13C, d 18O) for comparing the physiological performance of remaining trees between forest stands subjected to two different thinning intensities (moderate versus heavy) in a 60-yearold Pinus halepensis Mill. plantation in semiarid southeastern Spain. We measured bulk leaf d 13C and d 18O, foliar elemental concentrations, stem water content, stem water d 18O (d Ostem water), tree ring widths and leaf gas exchange rates to assess the influence of forest stand density on tree performance. Remaining trees in low-density stands (heavily thinned) showed lower leaf d 18O, and higher stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate and radial growth than those in moderate-density stands (moderately thinned). By contrast, leaf d 13C, intrinsic water-use efficiency, foliar elemental concentrations and d Ostem water were unaffected by stand density. Lower foliar d 18O in heavily thinned stands reflected higher gs of remaining trees due to decreased inter-tree competition for water, whereas higher photosynthetic rate was largely attributable to reduced stomatal limitation to CO2 uptake. The dual isotope approach provided insight into the early (12 months) effects of stand density manipulation on the physiological performance of remaining trees. Key-words: Pinus halepensis; competition; drought stress; dual isotope approach; oxygen isotopic composition; stomatal conductance.
Analytical Tools for Population-Based Association Studies . ( Under the direction of Dr

LIU, YOUFANG. Analytical Tools for Population-Based Association Studies. (Under the direction of Dr. Jung-Ying Tzeng.) Disease gene fine mapping is an important task in human genetic research. Association analysis is becoming a primary approach for localizing disease loci, especially when abundant SNPs are available due to the well improved genotyping technology during the last decades. Despite the rapid improvement of detection ability, there are many limitations of association strategy. In this dissertation, we focused on three different topics including haplotype similarity based test, association test incorporating genotyping error and simulation tool for large data set. 1) Previous haplotype similarity based tests don’t have the ability to incorporate covariates in the test. In chapter 2, we proposed a new association method based on haplotype similarity that incorporates covariates and utilizes maximum amount of data information. We found that our method gives power improvement when neither LD nor allele frequency is too low and is comparable under other scenarios. 2) In chapter 3, we proposed a new strategy that incorporates the genotyping uncertainty to assess the association between traits and SNPs. Extensive simulation studies for case-control designs demonstrated that intensity information based association test can reduce the impact induced by genotyping error. 3) In chapter 4, we described simulation software, SimuGeno, which is used to simulate large scale genomic data for case-control association studies. Analytical Tools for Population-Based Association Studies
Où l'on mesure la distance entre les distances

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Où l’on mesure la distance entre les distances (à propos de l’affaire Corneille-Molière) Étienne Brunet
n 71 n ethical dilemmas in art : current issues

Most treatments in assisted reproduction raise ethical issues, and it is difficult to be exhaustive and detailed. Nevertheless, the aim of this chapter was to highlight the main ethical concerns that have been discussed since the inception of the complex, although now routine, technique of IVF. That the human embryo could be observed outside the body captured the world’s imagination, in a different way than, for instance, the less technically taxing but older techniques of sperm donation. This had also led to many debates, and so do eternal themes, which return only because of the use of more modern technology like social sex selection. This chapter will cover gametes donation for reproduction and research, including embryo research and the newer issues around stem cell research, a subject of major current interest, rekindled by the therapeutic hopes from the possible use of embryonic stem cells, with or without somatic cell nuclear transfer technology (SCNT). Furthermore, the complex choices to be made in the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (1) are also the matter for ethical debate, and finally, one should not avoid the international concerns about sex selection for social reasons, an issue that has implications far outside the specialist field of ART. Other more specialized issues, from the cryopreservation of reproductive tissues (2) to the use of posthumous gametes (3), have been included in previous publications. Thus, the choice of emphasis in this chapter is necessarily eclectic, but one should start with an issue relevant to care in general, in particular, access to treatments and justice. Access to fertility treatments is far from equitable worldwide as some countries will only provide private or restricted treatments. Restricted access to IVF, however, occurs not only in resource-poor countries but also in some wealthy countries. One may thus contrast France and the UK, with their number of IVF cycles and funding policies vastly differing (4), and certainly, the UK postcode access to IVF treatment, with its double pronged iniquity (5), is an example that is still now relevant to daily practice.
Are European Equity Style Indexes Mean Reverting? Testing the Validity of the Efficient Market Hypothesis

The article tests for a random walk in European equity style indexes. After briefly introducing the efficient market hypothesis, equity styles in general and the used statistical techniques (Variance Ratio Test and modified Rescaled Range Test) it is shown that a random walk in European equity style indexes cannot be rejected. At least in the period since the mid 70s, for which this research has been conducted, the weak form efficient market hypothesis seems to hold.
Stress and Coping among Psychiatric Nurses

Objective: This paper reviews current literature of stress and coping among psychiatric nurses to gain more information about psychiatric nursing job stress, coping strategies, and the relationship between job stress and coping strategies. Method: Published research was systemically retrieved, interrogated, and analyzed. Result: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. The present review of nursing literature has highlighted a dearth of studies addressing stress and coping in psychiatric nurses. This limits the ability to compare and synthesize findings. However, the published studies paint a picture of psychiatric nurses’ experiences related to workplace stress and interpersonal relationships, particularly with patients and colleagues. These stressors can lead to poor health and daily functioning. Nurses also experience job dissatisfaction and report their intention to change profession as a result of work-related stress. Psychiatric nurses use mainly problem-focused strategies to deal with work stress. Commonly used problemfocused strategies include problem orientation and social support. Overall, psychiatric nurses perceive social support, particularly family support, as an essential component in their coping with stress. It is recommended that health organizations recognize the need to provide appropriate support to nurses, perhaps in line with western initiatives. Discussion: There is no study that has been conducted on the topic in Jordan. Therefore, the research about this topic is a national and international priority. We hope, however, that the next few years will witness conducting some researches about this topic in Jordan in the light of current development in our national competencies that are qualified to conduct such research.
Ruhr Economic Papers

In recent years, the international community has expanded efforts in programme evaluation to improve the accountability of development projects. This paper presents approaches to implementing state-of-the-art evaluations in rural electrification projects, taking into account specific challenges that researchers face in such interventions. Furthermore, it suggests a particular approach to assess impacts before an intervention is implemented by surveying the yet non-electrified target region of the project and, in addition, an already electrified region. Besides delivering robust evidence on impacts, results from such ex-ante evaluations provide insights for the project design, thereby reducing the gap between evaluation researchers and practitioners. JEL Classification: O12, O22, C31, C81
THE HERSCHEL AND IRAM CHESS SPECTRAL SURVEYS OF THE PROTOSTELLAR SHOCK L1157-B1: FOSSIL DEUTERATION

We present the first study of deuteration toward the protostellar shock L1157-B1, based on spectral surveys performed with the Herschel-HIFI and IRAM 30 m telescopes. The L1157 outflow is driven by a low-mass Class 0 protostar and is considered the prototype of the so-called chemically active outflows. The young (2000 yr), bright blueshifted bow shock, B1, is an ideal laboratory for studying the gas chemically enriched by the release of dust mantles due to the passage of a shock. A total of 12 emission lines (up to Eu = 63 K) of CH2DOH, HDCO, and DCN are detected. In addition, two lines of NH2D and HDO are tentatively reported. To estimate the deuteration, we also extracted from our spectral survey emission lines of non-deuterated isotopologues (13CH3OH, H213CO, H13CN, H213CO, and NH3). We infer higher deuteration fractions for CH3OH (D/H = 0.2–2 × 10−2) and H2CO (5–8 × 10−3) than for H2O (0.4–2 × 10−3), HCN (∼10−3), and ammonia (⩽3 × 10−2). The measurement of deuteration of water, formaldehyde, and methanol in L1157-B1 provides a fossil record of the gas before it was shocked by the jet driven by the protostar. A comparison with gas-grain models indicates that the gas passed through a low-density (⩽103 cm−3) phase, during which the bulk of water ices formed, followed by a phase of increasing density, up to 3 × 104 cm−3, during which formaldehyde and methanol ices formed.
DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EXOPLANETS AND DISKS USING PROJECTIONS ON KARHUNEN–LOÈVE EIGENIMAGES

We describe a new method to achieve point-spread function (PSF) subtractions for high-contrast imaging using principal component analysis that is applicable to both point sources or extended objects (disks). Assuming a library of reference PSFs, a Karhunen–Loève transform of these references is used to create an orthogonal basis of eigenimages on which the science target is projected. For detection this approach provides comparable suppression to the Locally Optimized Combination of Images (LOCI) algorithm, albeit with increased robustness to the algorithm parameters and speed enhancement. For characterization of detected sources, the method enables forward modeling of astrophysical sources. This alleviates the biases in the astrometry and photometry of discovered faint sources, which are usually associated with LOCI-based PSF subtractions schemes. We illustrate the algorithm performance using archival Hubble Space Telescope images, but the approach may also be considered for ground-based data acquired with angular differential imaging or integral-field spectrographs.
The Mystery of SmB 6 : Topological or Strange Insulator ? I . Consistency of Photoemission and Quantum Oscillations for Surface States of SmB 6

I. Consistency of Photoemission and Quantum Oscillations for Surface States of SmB6 J. D. Denlinger, Sooyoung Jang, G. Li, L. Chen, B. J. Lawson, T. Asaba, C. Tinsman, F. Yu, Kai Sun, J. W. Allen, C. Kurdak, Dae-Jong Kim, Z. Fisk, Lu Li, arXiv:1601.07408. II. Low-temperature conducting state in two candidate topological Kondo insulators: SmB6 and Ce3Bi4Pt3, N. Wakeham, P. FS. Rosa, Y. Q. Wang, M. Kang, Z. Fisk. F. Ronning and J. D. Thompson. Phys. Rev. B 94, 0351275 (2016). III. Anomalous 3D bulk AC conduction within the Kondo gap of SmB6 single crystals, N. J. Laurita, C. M. Morris, S. M. Koohpayeh, P. F. S. Rosa, W. A. Phelan, Z. Fisk, T. M. McQueen, N. P. Armitage, arXiv:1608.03901, Phys. Rev. B 94, 165154 (2016). IV. Suppression of magnetic excitations near the surface of the topological Kondo insulator SmB6 6, P. K. Biswas, M. Legner, G. Balakrishnan, M. Ciomaga Hatnean, M. R. Lees, D. McK. Paul, E. Pomjakushina, T. Prokscha, A. Suter, T. Neupert and Z. Salman, arXiv:1701.00955 Phys. Rev. B 95, 020410(R) (2017).
From the Revised School Level Environment Questionnaire Teachers ' Perceptions of School Climate : A Validity Study of Scores

at: can be found Educational and Psychological Measurement Additional services and information for http://epm.sagepub. com/cgi/alerts Email Alerts: http://epm.sagepub. com/subscriptions Subscriptions: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsReprints.nav Reprints: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions: http://epm.sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/67/5/833 SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): (this article cites 20 articles hosted on the Citations
Domain adaptation networks for noisy image classification Master Thesis

In this thesis, we propose a novel semi-supervised clean-noisy datasets adaptation algorithm. We transfer the knowledge learned on clean images to unlabeled noise-distorted ones. This modification on standard deep networks produce stable classification performance on all distortion levels, which brings benefit to real-world cases. Specifically, we propose a strategy to jointly learn a shared feature encoder on the network, i.e., i) discrimination capability of network is learned by supervised training on labeled source (clean) dataset, ii) knowledge transferring is achieved by unsupervised domain adaptation to map features extracted from both domains (clean and noisy) to a common space. Our proposed network is optimized by a two-step backpropagation strategy, similar to that of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We evaluate our proposed network on two popular datasets, where both show clear improvement of classification performance compared to preprocessing noisy images using the state-of-the-art denoising algorithm BM3D (up to ∼19% in average accuracy over all noise levels). Interestingly, we also observe that the proposed approach efficiently improves the feature transferability on very deep architectures, which is challenging for previous domain adaptation methods. In the future, we can also explore more challenging domain adversarial tasks like distorted image segmentation with the proposed algorithm. ii Domain adaptation networks for noisy image classification
First record of Amphipolycotyle chloroscombrus Hargis, 1957 (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea, Gastrocotylidae) in the South Atlantic Ocean

Monogeneans are a group of largely ectoparasitic members of the phylum Platyhelminthes. These worms are considered to be among the most host-specific parasites in fish, commonly found on fins, body skin, gills, gill chambers, buccal cavity, cornea and nostrils of their host (BUCHMANN et al., 2004). However, the monogenean Polyopisthocotylea are generally found attached to the gill filaments of their hosts in all the seas of the world, occurring from littoral zones to open oceanic waters, from the poles to the tropics, and from surface waters to the depths of the sea (ROHDE, 2005). They have high host specificity, containing the greatest number of species in the group of marine parasites (LAMBERT, 1990; WILLIAMS JUNIOR; BUNKLEY-WILLIAMS, 1996; BUSH et al., 2001; ROHDE, 2005).
Residents' perceptions and attitudes towards Native American Gaming (NAG) in Kansas: demographics, policies & future development.

DanielL. Spears, Ph.D. Carl A. Boger Jr., Ph.D. This study applies a tourism model developed by Perdue, Long, and Allen ( 1990) to investigate residents' perceptions of Native American Gambling in Kansas. A survey was administered to 1038 households, on a population proportionate basis, in Brown County (35 .65% ), Doniphan County (25.30% ), and Jackson County (39.05% ). Results indicated several relationships among perceived impacts of NAG development, including the respondent's gender, gaming trips, age, employment status, and income level. Additionally, this study identified an association or dependence between the resident's perceived future of the community and support for additional NAG development, support for restrictive NAG development policies, and support for additional taxes.
Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)

Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is the type strain of the largest viroid family Pospiviroidae. PSTVd is a circular, single-stranded RNA molecule with a sequence length of about 359 nt and a rod-like native structure that causes infectious diseases in solanaceous plants. PSTVd does not code for any protein but replicates autonomously in the nucleus of infected plants and is systemically transported by host proteins using functional motifs encoded in its genome. Here we summarize the present knowledge about these motifs and their functional relationship to replication, processing, transport, and cause of symptoms.
Hysteresis Effects in Economics – Different Methods for Describing Economic Path-Dependence

Relations between economic variables are often characterized by a situation where initial conditions and the past realizations of economic variables matter. I.e. past (transient) exogenous disturbances and past states of the economic system do have an influence on the current economic relations. Typical examples are the dynamics of (un)employment in business cycles and the dynamics of the nexus of exchange rate and exports. Since the standard characteristics of hysteresis apply - i.e. permanent effects of a temporary stimulus, resulting in path-dependent multiple equilibria - these economic phenomena are correctly titled as 'hysteresis'. Empirical research in economics is using different methods in order to capture path-dependent effects. First econometric approaches tried to describe these effects by simple timeseries processes with unit- (or zero)-root dynamics. However, since unit-root-dynamics are not related to genuine multiple equilibria but on the order of integration of the time series, these first attempts were expanded by more sophisticated time-series models integrating structural breaks, threshold-cointegration or non-linear autoregressive distributed lag-models. Another branch of empirical studies tries to keep closer to the original concept of the macroloop, trying to apply an explicit Mayergoyz/ Preisach aggregation procedure for heterogeneous firms - if microeconomic information is available based on panel-data - or by using simple algorithms analogous to mechanical-play in order to apply simple OLS-regression methods on a filtered/transformed input-output relation. In this paper, we give an overview of the implementation of hysteresis in economics, with an emphasis on two aspects: (1) the differentiation between micro- and macroeconomic hysteresis including an outline of an adequate aggregation procedure, and (2) different methods applied in econometrics in order to capture economic path-dependency empirically.
Title Concurrent presentation of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and systemiclupus erythematosus

Right Cryptococcal meningitis is a recognized complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with high mortality rates, particularly in those treated with immunosuppressive agents. We describe a patient diagnosed simultaneously with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and SLE and reviewed four similar cases reported in the literature. In our case, profound low CD4 lymphocyte count and low complement levels were observed. The patient was treated with prednisolone, fluconazole, and 5-flucytosine and evinced good clinical improvement. This case suggests that intrinsic immunological abnormality related to SLE predisposed to opportunistic infections. © 2010 Japan College of Rheumatology.