Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Emerging Global Financial Architecture: Measuring the Trilemma's Configurations over Time

We develop a methodology that intuitively characterizes the choices countries have made with respect to the trilemma during the post Bretton-Woods period. The paper first outlines the new metrics for measuring the degree of exchange rate flexibility, monetary independence, and capital account openness while taking into account the recent development of substantial international reserve accumulation. The evolution of our "trilemma indexes" illustrates that, after the early 1990s, industrialized countries accelerated financial openness, but reduced the extent of monetary independence while sharply increasing exchange rate stability, all reflecting the introduction of the euro. In contrast, emerging market countries pursued exchange rate stability as their key priority up to the late 1980s while non-emerging market developing countries has pursued it throughout the period since 1970. As a stark difference from the latter group of countries, emerging market countries have converged towards intermediate levels of all three indexes, characterizing managed flexibility while retaining some degree of monetary autonomy and accelerating financial openness. This recent trend appears to be sustained by using sizable international reserves as a buffer. We also confirm that the weighted sum of the three indexes adds up to a constant, validating the notion that a rise in one trilemma variable should be traded-off with a drop of the weighted sum of the other two. The second part of the paper deals with normative aspects of the trilemma, relating the policy choices to macroeconomic outcomes such as the volatility of output growth and inflation, and medium term inflation rates. Some key findings for developing countries include: (i) greater monetary independence can dampen output volatility while greater exchange rate stability implies greater output volatility, which can be mitigated by reserve accumulation; (ii) greater monetary autonomy is associated with a higher level of inflation while greater exchange rate stability and greater financial openness could lower the inflation level; (iii) a policy pursuit of stable exchange rate while financial development is at the medium level can increase output volatility, (iv) greater financial openness with a high level of financial development can reduce output volatility, though greater financial openness with a low level of financial development can be volatility-increasing; (v) net inflow of portfolio investment and bank lending can increase output volatility and higher levels of short-term debt or total debt services can increase both the level and the volatility of inflation.
A female ghetto? Women's careers in call centres

Although several studies have shown that women make up the majority of the call centre workforce, their role and position in this new and expanding industry has not yet been examined. This article makes a contribution to the research gap by exploring the extent and nature of the career opportunities open to women within call centres. Current portrayals of call centre work appear to indicate that these new workplaces offer very little in the way of either job satisfaction or potential for career progression. Indeed, on the basis of existing research evidence it could be concluded that call centres represent little more than female job ‘ghettos’. The article assesses this claim by drawing on women's own accounts of their work experiences and their perceptions of their prospects.
Differential Cleavage of Provasopressin by the Major Molecular Forms of SPC3

Abstract: We have investigated the roles of full‐length and carboxyl‐terminus‐truncated forms of the subtilisin‐like prohormone convertase SPC3 in the processing of the radiolabeled vasopressin and oxytocin precursors, in vitro. We found SPC3 cleaves provasopressin at both the vasopressin‐neurophysin and neurophysin‐glycopeptide processing sites. Prooxytocin is cleaved by SPC3 at the oxytocin‐neurophysin cleavage site. However, our results reveal differences in processing of provasopressin by the different molecular forms of SPC3. In incubations where the rate of autocatalytic carboxyl‐terminus truncation of SPC3 was dramatically reduced, 86‐kDa SPC3, which has an unprocessed carboxyl terminus, cleaved provasopressin at the neurophysin‐glycopeptide junction. Cleavage at the vasopressin‐neurophysin junction only occurred with the appearance of carboxyl‐terminus‐truncated forms of the enzyme. Incubations containing 64‐kDa SPC3 or 64‐kDa SPC3‐T, a recombinant form of SPC3 truncated 14 amino acids beyond the conserved carboxyl‐terminal “P‐domain,” rapidly cleaved provasopressin at both the vasopressin‐neurophysin and neurophysin‐glycopeptide junctions. Our results also suggest that prooxytocin is unable to be cleaved by the 86‐kDa form of SPC3. We propose that SPC3 should be considered as a candidate endoprotease in the biosynthesis of vasopressin. Furthermore, we suggest that the carboxyl terminus of SPC3 alters the cleavage specificity of SPC3.
The XP Customer Team: A Grounded Theory

The initial definition of XP resulted in many people interpreting the on-site customer to be a single person. We have conducted extensive qualitative research studying XP teams, and one of our research questions was “who is the customer”? We found that, rather than a single person, a customer team always exists. In this paper we outline the different roles that were typically on the team, which range from the recognized “Acceptance Tester” role to the less recognized roles of “Political Advisor” and “Super-Secretary”.
Nodal Involvement by Cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell Lymphoma Mimicking Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

An association between classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and mycosis fungoides (MF) or lymphomatoid papulosis has been reported in the literature. However, there can be considerable morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap between cHL and nodal involvement by CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30-T-LPD). To examine this potential association, biopsies from patients with a history of MF or primary cutaneous CD30-T-LPD and lymph node biopsies reported as either CD30-positive T-cell lymphoma (TCL) with Hodgkin-like cells or cHL were retrieved from the authors’ institution. Of 11 cases identified, 10 were considered CD30-positive TCL with Hodgkin-like cells, whereas 1 was confirmed as cHL upon review. Five cases originally diagnosed as cHL were revised as CD30-positive TCL. Cases of CD30-positive TCL with Hodgkin-like cells showed a male predominance (M:F, 4:1) with a median age of 53 years (range, 44 to 72 y). Nearly all patients (9/10) initially presented with skin lesions. In 7/10 patients the draining lymph node was involved, whereas in 3 cases this could not be confirmed. Tumor cells morphologically resembled Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells; they were uniformly strongly positive for CD30, and CD15 was expressed in 9/10 (90%) cases. A T-cell derivation was confirmed by T-cell antigen expression (7/10) and clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes (9/10). In 3 cases a common T-cell clone was identified in skin and lymph node. B-cell markers (CD20/PAX5) were consistently negative. In 1 case the diagnosis of cHL followed by lymphomatoid papulosis was confirmed, with Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells expressing PAX5, CD30, and CD15. In situ hybridization studies for Epstein Barr virus were negative. We show that cHL is less often associated with MF and primary cutaneous CD30-T-LPD than previously thought and that the coexpression of CD30 and CD15 in these TCLs may lead to a mistaken diagnosis of cHL.
Psychoendocrinological and therapeutic effects of TRH in depression

The antidepressive efficacy of TRH was investigated in 15 endogenous depressive patients in a double‐blind cross‐over design. The Hamilton depression scale, the AMP (PAS) system, v. Zerssen scale and thermometer scales were used. No therapeutic effect could be demonstrated. The blunted TSH‐response to TRH, which has been described by other investigators, was confirmed. There was suggestive evidence of a psychoendocrinological relationship in the sense that the more severe the “somatic depressive” syndrome as calculated from the AMP system, and the more marked the diurnal variation of the endogenous type is, the lower are the basal TSH values and the smaller the response to TRH. Thus, TRH may become a useful tool to identify subgroups of depressive patient populations.
Inflation and Capacity Constraints in Australian Manufacturing Industry

In the present paper we estimate a model of price-cost inflation for Australia using business survey responses of firms in the manufacturing sector. The data allow us to circumvent a number of key statistical problems, related in particular to the measurement of costs and structural changes in the model. Equally important, the data allow a new and more detailed perspective on the nature of supply constraints affecting inflation in the manufacturing sector. A new finding is that capital constraints have been more important in generating inflationary pressure than labour constraints or general indicators of capacity utilisation.
Percutaneous extraction of cardiac pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads with evolution mechanical dilator sheath: a single-centre experience.

AIMS The growing problem with endocardial lead infections and lead malfunctions has increased the interest in percutaneous lead removal technology. In this report, we present our initial experience in percutaneous lead extraction with a novel hand-powered sheath, the Evolution mechanical dilator sheath. METHODS AND RESULTS During 13 months between June 2009 and July 2010, 41 leads in 23 patients were removed. All of the extracted leads were >12 months old, and indications for extraction were based on the recommendations of the Heart Rhythm Society. The leads were removed by using the Evolution mechanical dilator sheath (Cook Medical) with the rotational cutting force only, without laser or radiofrequency energy. Indications for lead removal included cardiac device infection in 7 (30.4%) cases, lead malfunction in the 15 (65.2%) cases, and lead displacement in the remaining 1 case (4.4%). In 14 (60.9%) cases, the extracted device was a pacemaker, and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in 9 (39.1%) of them. Among 41 leads, 25 (60.9%) were right ventricular, 14 (34%) were atrial, and 2 (4.8%) were coronary sinus electrode. The median time from the preceding procedure was 74 months (25-180 months). Complete procedural success with Evolution system alone was achieved in 19 (82%) patients (35 leads). Four leads were completely removed with snaring and in two leads, partial success was achieved with a remaining ventricular tip smaller than 1.5 cm. Clinical success was 100%, and all of the patients discharged uneventfully without a major complication. CONCLUSIONS Our experience confirms that the mechanical technique with Evolution system is an effective first-line method for chronically implanted pacemaker/ICD leads. Continued investigation is required to evaluate success and complication rates in comparison with other techniques.
Pre‐existing brain states predict aesthetic judgments

Intuition and an assumption of basic rationality would suggest that people evaluate a stimulus on the basis of its properties and their underlying utility. However, various findings suggest that evaluations often depend not only on what is being evaluated, but also on contextual factors. Here we demonstrate a further departure from normative decision making: Aesthetic evaluations of abstract fractal art by human subjects were predicted from pre‐stimulus patterns of BOLD fMRI signals across a distributed network of frontal regions before the stimuli were presented. This predictive power was dissociated from motor biases in favor of pressing a particular button to indicate one's choice. Our findings suggest that endogenous neural signals present before stimulation can bias decisions at multiple levels of representation when evaluating stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2924–2934, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Community Entrepreneurs: Networking for Local Development

In the face of structural economic changes in Western industrialized countries, ensuring the survival of communities requires local mobilization. Using the example of Sweden, the present research focuses on the initiation and management of local efforts for economic development and argues that local mobilization calls for "community entrepreneurs. " Community entrepreneurs are those who facilitate entrepreneurial events rather than promoting the individual business ventures. They bridge business and community values and practices by making the individual would-be entrepreneurs aware of how their capabilities as members of the local community can be turned into business ventures, and by providing the emotional commitment needed for action. Socioeconomic networks are very crucial organizational devices in community entrepreneurship. A case study of a small Swedish community of Maleras illustrates the argument that the most fundamental mission of the community entrepreneur is to develop and maintain a socioeconomic network as a resource pool for autonomous entrepreneurs. At the end of the 1970s, the town's dedicated community entrepreneur, Mats Jonasson, began to vitalize the elaborate social networks by linking the few existing local businessmen and other community members, ex-residents, and cosmopolitan immigrants with entrepreneurial talents, as well as by approaching banks, local authorities and various organizations. As a result, over a period of five years, the number of companies and the number of locally employed had more than doubled in Maleras, the glassworks returned to local ownership, and the population increased. The research further examines the differences in sections of the community and the environments on which autonomous and community entrepreneurs focus. Two main empirical sources are used to examine those differences: one survey concerning would-be and new independent entrepreneurs in different regions of Sweden, and another survey concerning community entrepreneurs in a nationwide study. The most striking finding is that networking is the most crucial organizing vehicle in entrepreneurship, and that it is even more important to community entrepreneurs than to autonomous entrepreneurs. One implication is that the increasing number of local projects led by community entrepreneurs indicates a need to bridge commercial and social entrepreneurial endeavors. (AT)
The growth and valuation of computing and other generic skills

This paper describes a method for measuring job skills using survey data on detailed work activities, and using these measures examines whether the utilisation of skills is growing, and how they are valued in the labour market. We show that between 1997 and 2001 there was a growth in Britain in the utilisation of computing skills, literacy, numeracy, technical know-how, high-level communication skills, planning skills, client communication skills, horizontal communication skills, problem-solving, and checking skills. Computer skills utilisation was growing the fastest, and the use of computers was becoming more sophisticated. We re-evaluate the issue of whether computers have affected wages, taking into account existing critiques in the literature. We find that both computer skills and high-level communication skills carry positive wage premia, as shown both in cross-section hedonic wage equations that control for many detailed activities, and through a within-cohorts change analysis. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Why Do Experts Contribute in Cross‐Industry Innovation? A Structural Model of Motivational Factors, Intention and Behavior

This empirical study combines distinct research streams related to personal motivation and open innovation theory to derive motivational factors for individual participation in cross‐industry innovation. We revisited the theory of planned behavior and, based on this, hypothesized that three predictors of behavioral intention, namely attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, affect experts' participation in and contribution to cross‐industry innovation. We applied an integrated qualitative‐quantitative research design and collected qualitative data through a series of face‐to‐face cross‐industry innovation workshops arranged by a company in the chemical industry. This research design enabled us to build a structural model and statistically and hermeneutically test our research construct. The results exhibited that both attitude and perceived behavioral control have a positive influence on external experts' behavioral intention to participate in cross‐industry innovation. In addition, the results revealed the mediating role of behavioral intention between predictors and actual contribution in cross‐industry innovation. Managers who want to initiate cross‐industry innovation within their firms can gain valuable insights regarding which aspects of external experts to investigate when acquiring them for such activities.
Radiation properties of radio base antennas with the loss evaluated by Ikegami-Walfisch model

This work discusses the directional properties of the radiation of radio base antennas in cellular systems considering losses evaluated by Ikegami-Walfisch model in addiction to the usually employed variable of the distance from the bottom of the radio base tower. It is demonstrated that the electric field intensity peaks at different distances from the bottom of the radio base tower depending on various other variables, leading to the conclusion that only fixing a minimum distance from populated areas for the installation of radio bases is not the proper way to ensure safety. It is important to denote that only commercial antennas are used in this work
Salicylate-Induced Suppression of Electrically Driven Activity in Brain Slices from the Auditory Cortex of Aging Mice

The prevalence of tinnitus is known to increase with age. The age-dependent mechanisms of tinnitus may have important implications for the development of new therapeutic treatments. High doses of salicylate can be used experimentally to induce transient tinnitus and hearing loss. Although accumulating evidence indicates that salicylate induces tinnitus by directly targeting neurons in the peripheral and central auditory systems, the precise effect of salicylate on neural networks in the auditory cortex (AC) is unknown. Here, we examined salicylate-induced changes in stimulus-driven laminar responses of AC slices with salicylate superfusion in young and aged senescence-accelerated-prone (SAMP) and -resistant (SAMR) mice. Of the two strains, SAMP1 is known to be a more suitable model of presbycusis. We recorded stimulus-driven laminar local field potential (LFP) responses at multi sites in AC slice preparations. We found that for all AC slices in the two strains, salicylate always reduced stimulus-driven LFP responses in all layers. However, for the amplitudes of the LFP responses, the two senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) strains showed different laminar properties between the pre- and post-salicylate conditions, reflecting strain-related differences in local circuits. As for the relationships between auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds and the LFP amplitude ratios in the pre- vs. post-salicylate condition, we found negative correlations in layers 2/3 and 4 for both older strains, and in layer 5 (L5) in older SAMR1. In contrast, the GABAergic agonist muscimol (MSC) led to positive correlations between ABR thresholds and LFP amplitude ratios in the pre- vs. post-MSC condition in younger SAM mice from both strains. Further, in younger mice, salicylate decreased the firing rate in AC L4 pyramidal neurons. Thus, salicylate can directly reduce neural excitability of L4 pyramidal neurons and thereby influence AC neural circuit activity. That we observed age-dependent effects of salicylate and varied GABAergic sensitivity in the AC among mouse strains with hearing loss implies that potential therapeutic mechanisms for tinnitus may operate differently in young vs. aged subjects. Therefore, scientists developing new therapeutic modalities for tinnitus treatment should consider using both aged and young animals.
Determinants of new firm success

Abstract. The differences between new firms, even the differences present right at the start, may affect their life course and success over time. This article addresses the determinants of success of Dutch start-ups from a longitudinal perspective. After an overview of the literature on both the definition of success and the success factors of new firms we test how new firm characteristics relate to firm growth in number of employees using a panel of nearly 2,000 firms. In addition to a large firm size right from the start, good preparation, having a business partner, and some years in salaried employment also enhance firm growth. Based on these success determinants we construct a typology of starters that may be used to predict future growth chances.
The effect of ketoconazole on amphotericin B in a model of disseminated aspergillosis.

The potential of ketoconazole prophylaxis to antagonize the activity of amphotericin B against aspergilli was investigated in vitro and in neutropenic mice. Exposure of Aspergillus fumigatus (six strains) and of Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus niger to ketoconazole resulted in a uniform increase of the minimal fungicidal activity of amphotericin B, from 0.15-0.63 mg/liter to greater than 2.5 mg/liter in a microwell assay. To test the relevance of this antagonism in vivo, we challenged neutropenic mice iv with a lethal dose of conidia from two strains of A. fumigatus and then treated the mice first with ketoconazole and then with amphotericin B or amphotericin B plus ketoconazole. Pretreatment with ketoconazole for 48 hr completely abolished the protective effect of a subsequent therapy with amphotericin B, whether ketoconazole therapy was stopped (P less than .001) or not (P less than .001). Ketoconazole given alone had no significant effect on survival. Our data show that ketoconazole not only antagonized the fungicidal activity of amphotericin B in vitro but also abolished in vivo the protective effect of the only drug shown to be useful in the therapy of aspergillosis. The clinical importance of this antagonism, which is not limited to Aspergilli in vitro, requires careful consideration before ketoconazole prophylaxis can be recommended for patients at high risk of developing invasive opportunistic fungal infections.
On the Controls of Oxygen Fugacity in the Generation and Crystallization of Peralkaline Melts

The formation of peralkaline melts is generally recognized to be related to enrichment of the mantle in sodium or potassium during a metasomatic event that predated magma generation. The wide range in mineral assemblages, mineral compositions, and fluid compositions in peralkaline melts are, to a large extent, a function of the sodium/potassium content of these mantle-metasomatizing fluids, which also governs redox conditions. We propose that sodic fluids will reduce the mantle assemblage by depleting ferric iron from garnet to form the aegirine component in pyroxene. In contrast, potassic fluids would oxidize the mantle assemblage by extracting Al2O3 from the garnet to make phlogopite. We suggest that during differentiation of peralkaline melts, once Fe^Ti oxides have been depleted from the assemblage, simple crystallization reactions of common solid phases such as aegirine or arfvedsonite control the oxygen fugacity by equilibria such as