Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Explant Type and 6-Benzyl Adenine (BAP) In Sapodilla ( Achras zapota ) Micropropagation

Sapodilla (Achras zapota) is one type of tropical fruits with high economic value that are easily found in Indonesia. However, the number of productive plants has been decreased and affected the rate of fruit production. The objective of this research is to develop in vitro propagation of Achras zapota through meristem induction to provide great quality seedling. Type of explants (apical and lateral meristem) are cultured on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and combined with different concentrations of BAP (0 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm). Variables observed are shoot, leaf, root (emergence, length, number) and callus formation. The results show that all treatments able to induce shoot and leaf, but only several treatments able to induce root and callus formation. Lateral meristem is an appropriate explant to induce high number of leaves significantly and lateral meristem has the highest rate of multiplication 1.7 with application of BAP 2 ppm. The results can be used as reference to promote shoot multiplication. But further research is needed to determine proper combination to induce shoot multiplication significantly.
Does Monetary Policy Matter for Trade?

This paper offers empirical evidence to shed light on the trade creation effect of inflation targeting regime. The existing empirical literature mostly focuses on the effect of exchange rate arrangements on trade. Bacchetta and van Wincoop (2000), however, highlight the important role of monetary policy on trade with a full equilibrium model. The literature on the effect of price and cost uncertainty on the behavior of risk-averse firms also suggests a possible negative effect of price level uncertainty on trade. Using the standard gravity model, we find that an inflation targeting regime has a trade creation effect on bilateral trade, but the effect is much more moderate than that under exchange-rate targeting. Unlike a direct peg, however, the moderate effect of inflation targeting exists in the bilateral trade between an inflation targeter and all of its trading partners. This moderate effect is therefore much larger at the multilateral level, suggesting the inflation targeting regime may not have a lower level of total trade than the exchange-rate targeting regime. This view is further supported by an empirical analysis of total trade under the two monetary policy regimes.
Adoption of Land Conservation Methods in Kondoa Eroded Area, Central Tanzania

Adoption of land conservation measures is examined in Kondoa District central Tanzania. Three villages, Haubi, Bolisa and Mondo located in Kondoa and Chemba Districts respectively were selected to accomplish data collection. Research approaches employed in this study ranged from historical and ethnography, descriptive and analytical survey. Data were collected using participant observation, in-depth interviews of key informants, key informants' interviews with village officials, face-to-face household questionnaire survey, documentary review and focus group discussions. SPSS was used to process household data, whereas data were analysed using content analysis and Chi-square techniques. Findings suggest varying promising reasons in adoption of various land conservation measures e.g. tree planting, contour farming and zero grazing. The study recommends that local governments in Kondoa District, with a little support from outside, uphold adopted land conservation measures.
Universal stabilization of single-qubit states using a tunable coupler

We theoretically analyze a scheme for fast stabilization of arbitrary qubit states with high fidelities, extending a protocol recently demonstrated experimentally [Lu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 150502 (2017)]. That experiment utilized red and blue sideband transitions in a system composed of a fluxonium qubit, a low-Q LC-oscillator, and a coupler enabling us to tune the interaction between them. Under parametric modulations of the coupling strength, the qubit can be steered into any desired pure or mixed single-qubit state. For realistic circuit parameters, we predict that stabilization can be achieved within 100 ns. By varying the ratio between the oscillator's damping rate and the effective qubit-oscillator coupling strength, we can switch between under-damped, critically-damped, and over-damped stabilization and find optimal working points. We further analyze the effect of thermal fluctuations and show that the stabilization scheme remains robust for realistic temperatures.
The influence of additional hemicellulose on Japanese cedar based pre-carbonized solid biofuel properties

The global carbon dioxide emissions issue is the main hindrance of the Paris agreement goals. Biomass has been effectively utilized as a renewable energy in the household heating and the electricity generating sector. However, it is unsuited for use in the heavy industry. Due to the limitation of biomass applied in the steel industry, the precarbonized solid biofuel (Kindai Bio-coke) has been developed and studied throughout the years. This research studied the effect of hemicellulose (glucommannan powder from the Konjac tuber) on Japanese cedar base biocoke apparent density, heating value, and compressive strength at room temperature and 973 K. The bio-coke samples were produced by the vertical laboratory scale compression machine connected with 12 mm mold by loading cell. The mixture of dried glucomannan powder, with 0, 2, 5, 8, 10 and 15 wt. % and Japanese cedar powder are the raw materials in this research. The production conditions were controlled following the trial experiments done by Bio-Coke Research institute. It shows that hemicellulose has blended in with Japanese cedar particles and has increased the bio-coke apparent density significantly. However, the heating value of biocoke decreased by 3 % with 15 wt. % of hemicellulose. The maximum compressive strength at room temperature results show an open end downward parabola with peak at 5 to 8 wt. %. Bio-coke containing 10 wt. % of hemicellulose has the highest maximum compressive strength at 973 K.
A novel coupled complex boundary method for inverse source problems

In this paper, we consider an inverse source problem for elliptic partial differential equations with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary data. The unknown source term is to be determined by additional boundary conditions. Unlike the existing methods found in the literature, which usually use some of the boundary conditions to form a boundary value problem for the elliptic partial differential equation and the remaining boundary conditions in the objective functional for optimization to determine the source term, we propose a novel method with coupled complex boundary condition. We use a complex elliptic partial differential equation with a Robin boundary condition coupling the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary data, and optimize with respect to the imaginary part of the solution in the domain to determine the source term. Then, based on the complex boundary value problem, Tikhonov regularization is used for a stable approximate source function and the finite element method is used for discretization. Theoretical analysis is given for both the continuous and discrete models. Several numerical examples are provided to show the usefulness of the proposed coupled complex boundary method.
Co-Movement, Capital and Contracts: 'Normal' Cycles Through Creative Destruction

We develop a unified theory of endogenous business cycles in which expansions are neoclassical growth periods driven by productivity improvements and capital accumulation, while downturns are the result of Keynesian contractions in aggregate demand below potential output. Recessions allow skilled labor to be reallocated to growth promoting activities which fuel subsequent expansions. However, rigidities in production and contractual limitations, inherent to the process of creative destruction, leave capital severely underutilized. A key feature of our equilibrium is the endogenous emergence of long term supply contracts between capitalist owners and producers.
Physical mechanisms relevant to flow resistance in textured microchannels

Flow resistance of liquids flowing through microchannels can be reduced by replacing flat, noslip boundaries with boundaries adjacent to longitudinal grooves containing an inert gas, resulting in apparent slip. With applications of such textured microchannels in areas such as microfluidic systems and direct liquid cooling of microelectronics, there is a need for predictive mathematical models that can be used for design and optimization. In this work, we describe a model that incorporates the physical effects of gas viscosity (interfacial shear), meniscus protrusion (into the grooves) and channel aspect ratio and show how to generate accurate solutions for the laminar flow field using Chebyshev collocation and domain decomposition numerical methods. While the coupling of these effects are often omitted from other models, we show that it plays a significant role in the behavior of such flows. We find that, for example, the presence of gas viscosity may cause meniscus protrusion to have a more negative impact on the flow rate than previously appreciated. Indeed, we show that there are channel geometries for which meniscus protrusion increases the flow rate in the absence of gas viscosity and decreases it in the presence of gas viscosity. In this work, we choose a particular definition of channel height: the distance from the base of one groove to the base of the opposite groove. Practically, such channels are used in constrained geometries and therefore are of prescribed heights consistent with this definition. This choice allows us to easily make meaningful comparisons between textured channels and no-slip channels occupying the same space. ∗ Email address for correspondence: s.game14@imperial.ac. uk
Physiochemical characteristics of soil in tropical sal ( Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forests in eastern Nepal

The physiochemical properties of soils of two different types of forests (pure Shorea robusta and mixed Shorea robusta) were analyzed. Soil samples were collected from both types of forest and analyzed for texture, pH, organic matter, humus content, water holding capacity, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. In both the pure and mixed forest, soil was sandy loam (60.12% and 50.58% sand, 28.59% and 35.24% silt and 11.12 and 22.41% clay, respectively). The pH value was lower in pure forest (4.33) than in the mixed forest (5.26), and so were phosphorus and water holding capacity. The higher values of humus, organic matter, nitrogen and potassium (7.34%, 2.42%, 0.117%, 267.73 kg/ha, respectively) were found in pure forest. The higher levels of soil nutrients in the pure forest were due partly to reduction in the loss of top soil and partly to the increased supply of nutrients in the form of leaf litter and biomass from the larger number of sal trees and their saplings. Key words : Shorea robusta, soil texture, nitrogen, soil pH, Udayapur Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 107-110, 2003
The preview benefit: Visual marking, feature-based inhibition, temporal segregation, or onset capture?

The preview effect demonstrates that if observers in a visual search task are allowed a preview of a subset of elements before another subset of elements is added to the display, the first subset of elements no longer competes for attentional selection in the search process. Watson and Humphreys (1997) explained this effect by proposing that the locations of previewed elements are top down inhibited during the preview by a process they refer to as visual marking. The results of recent studies cannot easily be explained by the original visual marking account. As a consequence, three alternative views have emerged. According to one notion, a feature-based inhibition account, the preview benefit is mediated by inhibition applied at the level of feature maps in addition to location-based inhibition. A second view, the temporal segregation hypothesis, assumes that prioritized selection of new elements results from observers being able to selectively attend to one group of elements that can be perceptually segregated from another group on the basis of temporal asynchrony. A third view assumes that the preview benefit is caused by onset capture mediated by the appearance of the new elements. The present paper reviews the key findings concerning the preview benefit with the aim to resolve some of the controversies about how observers prioritize selection of new over old elements.
Matrix Completion Methods for Causal Panel Data Models

Abstract In this article, we study methods for estimating causal effects in settings with panel data, where some units are exposed to a treatment during some periods and the goal is estimating counterfactual (untreated) outcomes for the treated unit/period combinations. We propose a class of matrix completion estimators that uses the observed elements of the matrix of control outcomes corresponding to untreated unit/periods to impute the “missing” elements of the control outcome matrix, corresponding to treated units/periods. This leads to a matrix that well-approximates the original (incomplete) matrix, but has lower complexity according to the nuclear norm for matrices. We generalize results from the matrix completion literature by allowing the patterns of missing data to have a time series dependency structure that is common in social science applications. We present novel insights concerning the connections between the matrix completion literature, the literature on interactive fixed effects models and the literatures on program evaluation under unconfoundedness and synthetic control methods. We show that all these estimators can be viewed as focusing on the same objective function. They differ solely in the way they deal with identification, in some cases solely through regularization (our proposed nuclear norm matrix completion estimator) and in other cases primarily through imposing hard restrictions (the unconfoundedness and synthetic control approaches). The proposed method outperforms unconfoundedness-based or synthetic control estimators in simulations based on real data.
Decision support system in supply chain: A systematic literature review

Article history: Received June 11, 2019 Received in revised format June 23, 2019 Accepted July 25 2019 Available online July 25 2019 Systematic literature review in supply chain and decision support system, in general, have been rapidly performed during the last decade. However, the studies on the epistemological progress of decision support system related to the supply chain are still lacking. This study intended to provide comprehensive information on the trends, methodologies and the applications on different sectors and platforms used by scientists for building their decision support systems in supply chain. We used different keywords to collect the raw data based on articles published in well-known journals in the world to select the eligible studies which furthermore assembled. The data were processed by using bibliometric tool in VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel. The results of this systematic review give some key learning of the trends on the use of decision support system on smoothing the flow of supply chain and the logistic performance in the last decade and also provide a background for future research related to the fields. by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada 20 20 ©
Probing The Cosmographic Parameters To Distinguish Between Dark Energy And Modified Gravity Models

Aims. In this paper we investigate the deceleration, jerk and snap parameters to distinguish between the dark energy and modified gravity models using high redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae (SNe). Methods. We first derive the expressions of deceleration, jerk and snap parameters in dark energy and modified gravity models. In order to constrain the cosmographic parameters, we calibrate the GRB luminosity relations without assuming any cosmological models using SNe Ia. Then we constrain the model parameters (including dark energy and modified gravity models) using type Ia supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. Finally we calculate the cosmographic parameters. GRBs can extend the redshift-distance relation up to high redshifts, because they can be detected to high redshifts. Results. We find that the statefinder pair (r, s) could not be used to distinguish between some dark energy and modified gravity models, but these models could be differentiated by the snap parameter. Using the model-independent constraints on cosmographic parameters, we conclude that the ΛCDM model is consistent with current data.
Forthcoming Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization Prior Interaction, Identity, and Cooperation in the Inter-Group Prisoner’s Dilemma*

This paper studies theoretically and experimentally how success in prior interaction affects cooperation in the one-shot inter-group prisoner’s dilemma (IPD). We develop a model of the IPD that incorporates groupcontingent social preferences and bounded rationality to derive conditions under which an increase in prosocial concerns for an out-group will increase cooperation. We then report an experiment that shows the cooperation rate increases from 8 percent in a baseline one-shot IPD to 42 percent when the IPD is preceded by a coordination game played by members of the two groups. A post-experiment survey and chat coding results using a natural language classification game both show that successful prior interaction increases individuals’ concerns for their out-group. JEL Classification: C72, C92, D02
BASMAJIAN-TYPE IDENTITIES AND HAUSDORFF DIMENSION OF LIMIT SETS

In this paper, we study Basmajian-type series identities on holomorphic families of Cantor sets associated to one-dimensional complex dynamical systems. We show that the series is absolutely summable if and only if the Hausdorff dimension of the Cantor set is strictly less than one. Throughout the domain of convergence, these identities can be analytically continued and they exhibit nontrivial monodromy.
Food Store Density, Nutrition Education, Eating Habits and Obesity

Food retailers and restaurants are under scrutiny for their alleged effects on diets and obesity, although no clear evidence of a causal relationship exists. Furthermore, because no prior study controls for nutrition education and the dynamic nature of the underlying phenomena, existing estimates quantifying these relationships could be biased. Using state-level data for the continental U.S. we evaluate how the density of different food stores and per-capita expenditures on SNAP (nutrition) Education impact eating habits and (indirectly) adult obesity, controlling for endogeneity of store locations and consumption dynamics. Our results caution against using large-scale policies regulating the food environment and highlight the need to control for nutrition education and process dynamics to obtain unbiased estimates. Implications for the agribusiness sector are discussed.
Direct numerical simulation of horizontal open channel flow with finite-size, heavy particles at low solid volume fraction

We have performed direct numerical simulation of turbulent open channel flow over a smooth horizontal wall in the presence of finite-size, heavy particles. The spherical particles have a diameter of approximately 7 wall units, a density of 1.7 times the fluid density and a solid volume fraction of 5 × 10−4. The value of the Galileo number is set to 16.5, while the Shields parameter measures approximately 0.2. Under these conditions, the particles are predominantly located in the vicinity of the bottom wall, where they exhibit strong preferential concentration which we quantify by means of Voronoi analysis and by computing the particle-conditioned concentration field. As observed in previous studies with similar parameter values, the mean streamwise particle velocity is smaller than that of the fluid. We propose a new definition of the fluid velocity ‘seen’ by finite-size particles based on an average over a spherical surface segment, from which we deduce in the present case that the particles are instantaneously lagging the fluid only by a small amount. The particle-conditioned fluid velocity field shows that the particles preferentially reside in the low-speed streaks, leading to the observed apparent lag. Finally, a vortex eduction study reveals that spanwise particle motion is significantly correlated with the presence of vortices with the corresponding sense of rotation which are located in the immediate vicinity of the near-wall particles.
Tax Compliances in Korea and Japan: Why are they so different? *

We analyze the determinants of tax compliance, and illustrate why they have different levels of tax compliance between Korea and Japan. Japan has much higher level of policies in both tax audit and penalty structures than those of Korea. The disclosure policy of tax information is also different, such that an amount of tax evasion and the information about tax return are strictly regulated in Korea, however, they are selectively released in Japan. Tax culture may be one fundamental determinant for explaining the tax compliance. We examine its endogenous characteristic. Our estimates show that Japan has the higher level of tax culture than that of Korea. We also illustrate that the legal system is relatively more important factor to determine the level of tax culture than other branches of government, which eventually affects the level of tax compliance.
Assessing financial integration of the SEE countries (Bulgaria and Croatia) with the EU

We analysed the financial integration of the SEE countries in comparison to the EU with focus on economic activities and stock exchanges in the observed countries to demonstrate the dependence of small financial markets on large ones and to investigate the spillover effect, i.e., the degree and pace of integration of ‘new’ financial markets into larger ones. There is evidence of an increase in stock exchange indices in the period of transition of the SEE countries, due to the opening of the market economy followed by large capital inflows. The main focus of this paper is based on Bulgaria and Croatia as SEE countries that are already in the EU wing. Those EU countries were found to be more dependent on the global financial markets and more exposed to adverse co-movements but with certain differences between the two of them.