Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mass-conserving subglacial hydrology in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model version 0.6

Abstract. We describe and test a two-horizontal-dimension subglacial hydrology model which combines till with a distributed system of water-filled, linked cavities which open through sliding and close through ice creep. The addition of this sub-model to the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) accomplishes three specific goals: (a) conservation of the mass of water, (b) simulation of spatially and temporally variable basal shear stress from physical mechanisms based on a minimal number of free parameters, and (c) convergence under grid refinement. The model is a common generalization of four others: (i) the undrained plastic bed model of Tulaczyk et al. (2000b), (ii) a standard "routing" model used for identifying locations of subglacial lakes, (iii) the lumped englacial–subglacial model of Bartholomaus et al. (2011), and (iv) the elliptic-pressure-equation model of Schoof et al. (2012). We preserve physical bounds on the pressure. In steady state a functional relationship between water amount and pressure emerges. We construct an exact solution of the coupled, steady equations and use it for verification of our explicit time stepping, parallel numerical implementation. We demonstrate the model at scale by 5 year simulations of the entire Greenland ice sheet at 2 km horizontal resolution, with one million nodes in the hydrology grid.
New records of alien species on the Levantine coast of Turkey

Zoobenthic investigations carried out along the Turkish Levantine coast resulted in identification of nine previously unrecorded alien species: Macrorhynchia philippina (Hydrozoa), Oculina patagonica (Anthozoa), Branchiomma luctuosum (Polychaeta), Aplysia dactylomela (Gastropoda), Synaptula reciprocans (Echinodermata), Phallusia nigra, Pyura (=Herdmania) momus, Symplegma brakenhielmi (Tunicata) and Parupeneus forsskali (Osteichthyes). Except for the shipping-transported O. patagonica, which originated in the Atlantic Ocean, the species are recognized as Erythrean aliens that entered the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. Some ecological and distributional details are briefly discussed.
Documents de Travail du Centre d ’ Economie de la Sorbonne An economic view of carbon allowances market

The aim of this work is to bring an econometric approach upon the CO2 market. We identify the specificities of this market, and regarding the carbon as a commodity. We investigate the econometric particularities of CO2 prices behavior and their result of the calibration. We apprehend and explain the reasons of the non-Gaussian behavior of this market focusing mainly upon jump diffusion and generalized hyperbolic distributions. We test these results for the risk modeling of a structured product specific to the carbon market, the swap between two carbon instruments: the European Union Allowances and the Certified Emission Reductions. We estimate the counterparty risk for this kind of transaction and evaluate the impact of different models upon the risk measure and the allocated capital.
The Rise and Fall of Capital: Corporate Malaysia in Historical Perspective

Abstract This article argues that better informed insights into the benefits and repercussions of the form of development of East Asian economies could be obtained when the theoretical perspectives from two different bodies of literature are employed collectively. If the concepts from the discipline of political economy – specifically the body of literature dealing with the developmental state now commonly deployed in analyses of East Asian economies – are used in combination with concepts from the literature on business history based on the work of Alfred Chandler, the reasons for the rise and fall of major enterprises in East Asia can be better understood. A case study of enterprise and economic development in Malaysia is presented to substantiate this argument.
The Effects of Oil Price Shocks on Transitional Dynamics of Turkish Business Cycle

In this study we investigated usefulness of oil price shocks in predicting switches between the growth phases of output in Turkey using monthly data for the period 1986-2014 by extending Markov Switching framework to include time-varying transition probabilities. We investigate the issue of whether the addition of various real oil price shocks to a univariate Markov Switching model for output can characterize the dynamics of business cycles better than the fixed transition probability version of Markov Switching model. The main results are summarized as follows. We find that although information about the lags of output growth and the information contained in transition probabilities combine to help identify which state of the economy has occurred in the TVTP model, oil price shocks are not the leading indicator of Turkish business cycle.
Narratives of ideal and second-option jobs among young adults with high functioning autism

ABSTRACT The meaning of work is different for people in different social groups, and research exploring perceptions of meaningful work among adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) is scarce. The aim of this paper is to explore how narratives of satisfactory and meaningful future jobs are portrayed relative to two alternative discourses of work – the ‘obligation to work’ discourse, and the ‘disability rights’ discourse. This group of individuals are high functioning on the one hand, while at the same time holding legally-mandated special disability rights, an exploration of how this group reason about work-life and satisfactory jobs is particularly interesting. Through ethnographic fieldwork in Sweden, seven young adults with HFA were followed, and 17 interviews were conducted. The main findings and conclusions are that jobs that are individually assessed to be ‘ideal’, are put aside in favor of jobs that are more compatible with general labor market demands, as long as enjoyment and meaningfulness can still be experienced.
3 2-1-2010 Factors Affecting Minority Drowning

Research has revealed that racial or ethnic minorities historically drown at higher rates than the general population. Current research still has not identified or exposed fully the risk factors experienced by these groups that account for this disparity. By employing a review of the literature approach typical of the methods used in the humanities, the present article identifies many of the factors that explain this difference (e.g., age, sex, location, access, supervision, swimming lessons, and communication) and suggests future research that would help to illuminate the detailed circumstances that account for this ethnic gap in drowning rates (e.g., drowning -related research that takes race and ethnicity into account more consistently).
A Deflation Method for Probabilistic PCA

Modern treatments of principal component analysis often focus on the estimation of a single factor under various structural assumptions or priors e.g. sparsity and smoothness, then the procedure is extended to multiple factors by sequential estimation interleaved with deflation. While prior work has highlighted the importance of proper deflation for ensuring the quality of the estimated factors, to our knowledge, proposed techniques have only been developed and applied to non-probabilistic principal component analyses, and are not trivially extended to probabilistic analyses. Using tools recently developed for constrained probabilistic estimation via information projection, we propose a deflation method for probabilistic principal component analysis. The factors estimated using the proposed deflation regain some of the interpretability of classic principal component analysis such as straightforward estimates of variance explained, while retaining the ability to incorporate rich prior structure. Experimental evaluation on neuroimaging data show that deflation leads to improved interpretability and can improve variance explained by each factor.
Single particle MS , SNMS , SIMS , XPS , and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of soot particles during the AIDA campaign

Within the framework of the AIDA soot aerosol campaign diesel soot particles, spark generated soot particles, and aerosol mixtures were characterized with respect to their chemical state using di;erent surface sensitive analysis methods. A comparison between diesel soot and graphite spark generated soot revealed a signi<cant di;erence in the chemical composition of the particle surfaces. No distinct change from external to internal mixing could be detected by single particle mass spectrometry for mixtures of diesel soot and (NH4)2SO4 aerosol since the spectra of diesel soot and (NH4)2SO4 aerosol were surprisingly similar due to sulfate on the surface of diesel soot particles and traces of carbon impurities on ammonium sulfate particles. In addition to the expected formation of new particles a considerable change of the soot particle surface was detected while exposing diesel soot or spark generated soot to -pinene and ozone, indicating a surface layer formed by oxidation products of -pinene. However, the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon fragments detected by single particle mass spectrometry were distinctly di;erent for the two soot types, which can be explained by either the di;erent product adsorption or ionization behavior. Depositions of -pinene reaction products on the surface could be con<rmed by QMS-SIMS and XPS for particles of both types of soot. Due to the high mass resolution of TOF-SIMS acidic derivatives were identi<ed as reaction products of -pinene and ozone. The analytical methods applied in this work elucidated the di;erent properties of spark generated soot compared to diesel soot. Therefore, spark generated soot should only be used with care as a general diesel soot surrogate. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Non-renewable resource prices: Structural breaks and long term trends

In this paper we examine the time series properties of nine non-renewable resources. In particular we are concerned with understanding the relationship between the number of structural breaks in the data and the nature of the resource price path, i.e. is it stationary or a random walk. To undertake our analysis we employ a number of relevant econometric methods including Bai and Perron`s (1998) multiple structural break dating method. Our results indicate that these series are in many cases stationary and subject to a number of structural breaks. These results indicate that a deterministic model of resources prices may well be appropriate.
The Natural interest rate in emerging markets

An optimizing model of a small open emerging market economy (SOEME) with dualistic labour markets and two types of consumers, is used to derive the natural interest rate, terms of trade and potential output. Shocks are classified into generic types that affect the natural interest rates. Since parameters depend on features of the labour market and on consumption inequality, the natural rates and the impact of shocks differ from those in a mature small open economy. Subsistence consumption is found to have the largest effect on the natural rates. It reduces the interest rate, raises natural output and the terms of trade. Technology and infrastructure backwardness reduce natural output. The implications for monetary policy are derived. The effect of managed exchange rates combined with different types of inflation targeting is examined through simulations. Endogenous terms of trade make the supply curve steeper in a SOEME, so partial stickiness of the real exchange rate can be beneficial. In general, domestic inflation targeting, with some weight on the output gap, delivers lower volatility. Output response is higher and volatility lower with fixed terms of trade, demonstrating the flatter supply curve. CPI inflation targeting also does well when terms of trade are credibly fixed.
LOGAN: Membership Inference Attacks Against Generative Models

Abstract Generative models estimate the underlying distribution of a dataset to generate realistic samples according to that distribution. In this paper, we present the first membership inference attacks against generative models: given a data point, the adversary determines whether or not it was used to train the model. Our attacks leverage Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), which combine a discriminative and a generative model, to detect overfitting and recognize inputs that were part of training datasets, using the discriminator’s capacity to learn statistical differences in distributions. We present attacks based on both white-box and black-box access to the target model, against several state-of-the-art generative models, over datasets of complex representations of faces (LFW), objects (CIFAR-10), and medical images (Diabetic Retinopathy). We also discuss the sensitivity of the attacks to different training parameters, and their robustness against mitigation strategies, finding that defenses are either ineffective or lead to significantly worse performances of the generative models in terms of training stability and/or sample quality.
A Comparison of Choice Experiments and Actual Grocery Store Behavior: An Empirical Application to Seafood Products

In this paper we compare results from an in-store field experiment and a mail survey choice experiment (CE) to investigate CE's capacity in predicting grocery store market share. For the comparison, we used three seafood products: freshwater prawns, marine shrimp, and lobster. CE estimates were obtained via four econometric models: the conditional logit, the random parameter logit, the heteroskedastic extreme value, and the multinomial probit. We found that the level of control in the grocery store experiment and the choice of econometric model influenced the capacity of CE to predict grocery store market shares.
Co-parenting in Intact and Divorced Families: Its Impact on Young Adult Adjustment

CO-PARENTING IN INTACT AND DIVORCED FAMILIES: ITS IMPACT ON YOUNG ADULT ADJUSTMENT By Jill Allison Ferrante, B.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2005. Major Director: Arnold L. Stolberg, Ph.D., Department of Psychology Co-parenting is the ideal parenting relationship after divorce, characterized by involvement of both parents in all decisions regarding their children. Children who report that their parents demonstrate healthy co-parenting are generally better adjusted than their peers who experience unhealthy co-parenting. The present study examined the potential mediating roles of co-parenting and parenting practices upon the relationship between marital status and young adult adjustment. Data were analyzed via structural equation modeling. Participants were 340 undergraduate students from intact and divorcedlseparated families. Data were obtained via questionnaires that tapped a range of adjustment factors (i.e., mental health, fear of intimacy, work ethic, self esteem, delinquency) along with co-parenting and parenting practices from the young adult's perspective. Results suggest that co-parenting is an important mediator of the relationship between marital status and young adult adjustment. Clinical and policy implications of study findings will be discussed.
SISTEMA DE RECONOCIMIENTO DE MOVIMIENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA MANO CON BASE EN SEÑALES EMG

This paper presents a system for the automatic identification of six basic hand movements in healthy subjects based on a steady-state of electromyographic signals. The following basic hand motions were detected: opening, closing, flexion, extension, pronation, and supination, as well as the rest condition. A modular approach of pattern recognition with discrete wavelet transform, principal component analysis, and support vector machines was used to discriminate each movement. Identification was completed off-line every 256 ms with a hardware-software interface composed of a signal acquisition system with two electromyographic differential channels using Matlab ® and LabVIEW ® software. The system was trained and tested using five subjects of different gender, age, and physical complexion, with identification rates of up to 99.25 %.
Effect of Water Logging and Salinity Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Tolerant and Susceptible Varieties of Triticum aestivum L.

Wheat is the most important cereal crop; it is staple diet for more than one third of the world population (Abd-El-Haleem et al., 2009). Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress which limits plant growth and development, causing yield loss in crops. Salt-affected soils are identified by excessive levels of watersoluble salts, especially Sodium chloride (NaCl), a major salt contaminant in soil, is a small molecule which when ionized by water, produces sodium (Na + ) and chloride (Cl ) ions. These toxic ions cause ionic and osmotic stress at the cellular level in higher plants, especially in susceptible (Chinnusamy et al., 2005).
Physical Profiles of Regional Academy Netball Players

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the height, body mass and physical characteristics of English regional academy netball players by age category (under 15s, under 17s and under 19s). Design and Methods: Data were collected on 50 regional academy players during the preseason period and comprised of height, body mass, and physical (single and triple hop, 5and 10-m sprint, 505 change of direction speed, vertical jump, and cardiorespiratory fitness) characteristics. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed the under 19s group demonstrated superior (p < 0.05) performances compared to the under 15s group in single hop left (U15: 1.61 ± 0.18 m; U19: 1.88 ± 0.09 m; p = 0.001), single hop right (U15: 1.66 ± 0.17 m; U19: 1.87 ± 0.13 m; p = 0.001), triple hop left (U15: 5.10 ± 0.58 m; U19: 5.90 ± 0.39 m; p = 0.001), triple hop right (U15: 5.10 ± 0.50 m; U19: 5.86 ± 0.41 m; p = 0.001), 5-m sprint (U15: 1.15 ± 0.05 seconds; U19: 1.10 ± 0.07 seconds; p = 0.032), 505 left (U15: 2.59 ± 0.08 seconds; U19: 2.45 ± 0.08 seconds; p = 0.001), 505 right (U15: 2.54 ± 0.13 seconds; U19: 2.43 ± 0.06 seconds; p = 0.007), squat jump (U15: 0.34 ± 0.04 m; U19: 0.41 ± 0.05 m; p = 0.001), countermovement jump (U15: 0.35 ± 0.04 m; U19: 0.42 ± 0.05 m; p = 0.001), and cardiorespiratory fitness (U15: 16.40 ± 0.83 km∙hˉ1; U19: 18.14 ± 1.10 km∙hˉ1; p = 0.001). Moreover, the under 17s group reported significantly better (p < 0.05) performances in single leg hop left (U15: 1.61 ± 0.18 m; U17: 1.74 ± 0.12 m; p = 0.033), single hop right, triple hop left (U15: 5.10 ± 0.58 m; U17: 5.59 ± 0.35 m; p = 0.008), triple hop right (U15: 5.10 ± 0.50 m; U17: 5.50 ± 0.36 m; p = 0.031), countermovement jump (U15: 0.35 ± 0.04 m; U17: 0.39 ± 0.03 m; p = 0.018), and cardiorespiratory fitness (U15: 16.40 ± 0.83 km∙hˉ1; U17: 17.56 ± 1.30 km∙hˉ1; p = 0.014) than the under 15s group. Conclusions: These findings highlight that height, body mass, and physical characteristics develop across age categories and provide normative data for English regional academy netball players. (Journal of Trainology 2016;5:30-37)
Incidenca Hiperhomocisteinemije I Polimorfizam Mthfr C677T Kod Mladih Bolesnika SA Akutnim Infarktom Miokarda

1Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 2Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty and Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia 3Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 4Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia 5Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia 6Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia 7Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia and Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Same-Race Regulatory Resource Depletion;Obstacles of Black High-Achievers

Researchers have long been interested in the academic underachievement and disengagement of many African American students. Fordham and Ogbu (1986) offered the acting White phenomenon as one way to understand the problem. Fordham (1996) found that, in order to avoid being accused of acting White, some Black high achievers limit their academic abilities, particularly around Black low achieving students. Black high achievers can also encounter psychological costs as a result of limiting their academic prowess. There is some evidence, according to regulatory resource depletion theory, that altering one’s normal thoughts, actions, or feelings in order to serve present circumstances, as some Black high achievers have been found to do, can negatively impact executive function. The purpose of this study was to determine if regulatory resource depletion theory is a fitting psychological mechanism at the root of what some research has found regarding the dynamics of Black high and low achievers. Thirty-eight high achieving Black students participated in an experimental design study to test the hypothesis that interaction with a low achieving Black student would result in lower scores on an executive function test as compared to those who interacted with another high achieving Black student. A 2 X 2 factorial ANOVA did not support the hypothesis. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Quality of life of adolescents after maternity

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of sociodemographic, obstetric and neonatal variables on the quality-of-life index of adolescents after maternity. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 96 adolescents who gave birth in a teaching hospital, with data collection done through a questionnaire administered during home visits. RESULTS: Overall quality-of-life index: 21.48. The socioeconomic domain had the lowest score attributed (17.34) and the family domain had the highest score (25.31). Statistically significant variables: maternal level of education, own income, gestational age at birth and number of live children. CONCLUSION: Such variables had a negative impact on the quality of life of the adolescents.
Taiwanese Gambling Behaviors, Perceptions, and Attitudes

This study categorizes different Taiwanese gambling types using Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), and further evaluates the perceptions and attitudes toward the legalization of casino gambling. A survey was conducted using convenient sampling and distributed by Internet. Results indicate that across groups of different types of gamblers, there are significant differences in perceptions toward the legalized casino gambling industry; and there are significant differences in attitudes toward legalized casino gambling. Additionally, there are significant differences between perceptions toward the legalized casino gambling industry, and attitudes toward the legalization of casino gambling. In general, non-gamblers are relatively more conservative toward the development of the casino gaming industry due to non-gam- blers’ sensitivity toward the involvement of the economic and social costs involved in investing in this particular indus- try. In addition, the results of this study provide the Taiwangovernment with information about Taiwanese gambling behaviors and opinions toward newly legalized gambling. By understandingTaiwanresidents’ gambling behaviors, perceptions, and attitudes prior to the opening of the casinos, this study could benefitTaiwansociety and maximize the benefits and minimize the costs associate with the development of the casino industry.