Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forefoot strikers exhibit lower running-induced knee loading than rearfoot strikers.

PURPOSE Knee pain and Achilles tendinopathies are the most common complaints among runners. The differences in the running mechanics may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lower limb overuse injuries. However, the effect of a runner's foot strike pattern on the ankle and especially on the knee loading is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether runners using a forefoot strike pattern exhibit a different lower limb loading profile than runners who use rearfoot strike pattern. METHODS Nineteen female athletes with a natural forefoot strike (FFS) pattern and pair-matched women with rearfoot strike (RFS) pattern (n = 19) underwent 3-D running analysis at 4 m·s⁻¹. Joint angles and moments, patellofemoral contact force and stresses, and Achilles tendon forces were analyzed and compared between groups. RESULTS FFS demonstrated lower patellofemoral contact force and stress compared with heel strikers (4.3 ± 1.2 vs 5.1 ± 1.1 body weight, P = 0.029, and 11.1 ± 2.9 vs 13.0 ± 2.8 MPa, P = 0.04). In addition, knee frontal plane moment was lower in the FFS compared with heel strikers (1.49 ± 0.51 vs 1.97 ± 0.66 N·m·kg⁻¹, P =0.015). At the ankle level, FFS showed higher plantarflexor moment (3.12 ± 0.40 vs 2.54 ± 0.37 N·m·kg⁻¹; P = 0.001) and Achilles tendon force (6.3 ± 0.8 vs 5.1 ± 1.3 body weight; P = 0.002) compared with RFS. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows differences in patellofemoral loading and knee frontal plane moment between FFS and RFS. FFS exhibit both lower patellofemoral stress and knee frontal plane moment than RFS, which may reduce the risk of running-related knee injuries. On the other hand, parallel increase in ankle plantarflexor and Achilles tendon loading may increase risk for ankle and foot injuries.
Incidence and risk factors for deep venous thrombosis after moderate and severe brain injury.

BACKGROUND Patients with traumatic injuries possess a high risk of developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT), thus the need for appropriate prophylaxis. Patients with head injuries pose a unique challenge due to contraindication to the use of anticoagulation. We sought to determine the incidence of DVT and identify specific risk factors for its development in patients with head injuries. METHODS All head injury admissions between January 1, 2000, and July 31, 2006, with a length of stay >or=7 days were identified. Patient data including age, sex, injuries, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and venous duplex scan results were collected. Mechanical methods were routinely used for prophylaxis; heparin was not used in this population. Weekly duplex screening was commenced at 7 days to 10 days after admission. RESULTS There were 939 patients who met criteria for review, however, duplex scans were performed in only 677, which was the population studied. Overall, DVT was present in 31.6%. There were fewer DVTs in patients with isolated head injuries (25.8%) compared with patients with those with head and extracranial injuries (34.3%)--p = 0.026. Independent predictors for DVT identified included male gender (p = 0.04), age >or=55 (p < 0.001), ISS >or=15 (p = 0.014), subarachnoid hemorrhage (p = 0.006), and lower extremity injury (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS DVT occurs in one third of moderately to severely brain injured patients. Isolated head injuries have a lower incidence. Older age, male gender, higher ISS, and the presence of a lower extremity injury are strong predictors for developing DVT. Regular screening and the use of prophylactic inferior vena cava filters in patients with risk factors should be strongly considered.
The effects of two novel gratitude and mindfulness interventions on well-being.

OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of two dual-component interventions, one based on mindfulness and one based on gratitude, to reduce depression and stress and increase happiness levels. DESIGN Randomized, controlled study with data collected at baseline, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks. SETTINGS Participants completed an online gratitude or mindfulness intervention at home. Self-report questionnaires were completed at home or at work. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-five women aged 18-46 years (mean age±standard deviation, 28.35±6.65 years). INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly assigned to a wait-list control condition or to either a gratitude or a mindfulness intervention condition. The interventions were used four times a week for 3 weeks. The gratitude intervention involved a gratitude diary and grateful reflection. The mindfulness intervention involved a mindfulness diary and mindfulness meditation, the Body Scan. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome variables were depression, stress, and happiness measured by using the Edinburgh Depression Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Subjective Happiness Scale, respectively. RESULTS All outcome variables improved over time in both interventions group but not in the wait-list control group. Efficacy of the interventions differed between the interventions. CONCLUSIONS These short novel interventions seem to provide a useful way to enhance well-being. Further research in the area is warranted.
A Novel Dry Active Biosignal Electrode Based on an Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Interface Material

In this paper, we describe the design, implementation and testing of a dry active flexible electrode with a novel interface material for wearable biosignal recording. The new interface material takes the form of a gel and is highly bendable and comfortable on the wearer's skin. A comparison between common Ag/AgCl and our dry active electrode was performed on seven healthy volunteers. The presented prototype was designed for ECG signals but this technology can be modified for other biosignals. Our results show that the new dry active electrode presents better electrical characteristics than the common Ag/AgCl electrode, namely less power-line interference and better response in the signal band. We can conclude that our novel dry active flexible electrode outperforms the traditional Ag/AgCl wet electrode with the advantages of being dry and comfortable. Some future applications of this bio device are discussed.
Immune responses to Plasmodium vivax pre‐erythrocytic stage antigens in naturally exposed Duffy‐negative humans: a potential model for identification of liver‐stage antigens

Duffy antigen is the receptor used by Plasmodium vivax to invade erythrocytes. Consequently, individuals lacking Duffy antigen [Fy(–)] do not develop blood‐stage infections. We hypothesized that naturally exposed Fy(–) humans may develop immune responses mainly to pre‐erythrocytic stages and could be used to study acquired immunity to P. vivax and to identify liver‐stage antigens. We report here that antibody and IFN‐γ responses to known sporozoite antigens were significantly induced by natural exposure in Fy(–) humans, whereas responses to blood‐stage antigens were significantly induced in Fy(+) humans. IFN‐γ responses to sporozoite antigens were lower in Fy(+) than in Fy(–) humans, indicating that in Fy(+) humans blood‐stage infections may have suppressed T cell responses to pre‐erythrocytic stages. We evaluated the immune responses to 18 novel P. vivax homologs of P. falciparum sporozoite proteins identified from the P. vivax genome sequence. Eight proteins recalled IFN‐γ responses in P. vivax‐exposed but not in unexposed individuals. Of these, 3 antigens elicited IFN‐γ responses in Fy(–) but not in Fy(+) individuals. These results suggest that differential immune responses observed in naturally exposed Fy(–) and Fy(+) individuals can be exploited to identify P. vivax stage‐specific antigens.
Physics of confinement improvement of plasmas with impurity injection in DIII-D

External impurity injection into L mode edge discharges in DIII-D has produced clear confinement improvement (a factor of 2 in energy confinement and neutron emission), reduction in all transport channels (particularly ion thermal diffusivity to the neoclassical level), and simultaneous reduction of long wavelength turbulence. Suppression of the long wavelength turbulence and transport reduction are attributed to synergistic effects of impurity induced enhancement of E × B shearing rate and reduction of toroidal drift wave turbulence growth rate. A prompt reduction of density fluctuations and local transport at the beginning of impurity injection appears to result from an increased gradient of toroidal rotation enhancing the E × B shearing. Transport simulations carried out using the National Transport Code Collaboration demonstration code with a gyro-Landau fluid model, GLF23, indicate that E × B shearing suppression is the dominant transport suppression mechanism.
Reflectivity estimation for multibaseline interferometric radar imaging of layover extended sources

In recent years, there has been great interest in exploiting the advanced multibaseline operation of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) for solving layover effects from complex orography, which can degrade both SAR and InSAR imagery of terrain radar reflectivity and height. In this work, the problem of retrieving radar reflectivity of layover areas is addressed. It is formulated as the problem of estimating a multicomponent sinusoidal signal corrupted by multiplicative complex correlated noise and additive white Gaussian noise. Application of nonparametric [e.g., Capon, amplitude and phase estimation filter (APES)], parametric [least squares, modern parametric RELAXation spectral estimator (RELAX)], and hybrid spectral estimators for amplitude estimation is investigated for a multilook scenario. In particular, the multilook extensions of RELAX and APES are applied to the interferometric problem. Performance analysis is investigated through a Cramer-Rao lower bound calculation and Monte Carlo simulation. The method of least squares, coupled with Capon's approach to spatial frequency estimation, multilook APES, and multilook RELAX turn out to provide accurate reflectivity estimates for undistorted multibaseline image formation of layover areas.
Endothelin-1 and Cardiac Function in Anthracycline-treated Patients: A 1-year Follow-up

Anthracyclines are widely used chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of lymphomas known to induce cardiomyopathy in more than 20% of patients. There is increasing experimental evidence that cardiac endothelial cells regulate cardiac performance and that endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a central substance in this regulatory mechanism. Twenty (seven male, aged 20-68 years) patients with Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with anthracycline were followed-up for 1 year. At baseline, after cessation of anthracycline treatment and at 1 year, the plasma ET-1 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cardiac function was estimated by echocardiographic measurement of the ejection fraction, the E/A ratio and the deceleration time. The ET-1 level decreased significantly after therapy (5.47 ± 3.34 pg/mL versus 3.44 ± 0.69 pg/mL, P < 0.02), and remained significant at 1 year (3.43 ± 0.57 pg/mL, P < 0.008). The ejection fraction (57.80 ± 4.73% versus 48.05 ± 5.65%, P < 0.0001) and the E/A ratio (1.35 ± 0.40 versus 1.15 ± 0.40, P < 0.01) decreased, and the deceleration time (177.00 ± 44.96 ms versus 209.50 ± 66.25 ms, P < 0.04) increased significantly after therapy, showing that both systolic and diastolic left ventricular performance were deteriorated. Compared with the baseline, the same significant changes were found at 1 year (ejection fraction, 50.65 ± 8.87%, P < 0.0007; E/A ratio, 1.10 ± 0.34, P < 0.003; deceleration time, 223.25 ± 46.85 ms, P < 0.002). The decrease of the ET-1 concentration might be a result of anthracyclines' direct cytotoxic effect and the decreasing level of ET-1 may play a role in the ejection fraction reduction. The results of 1-year follow-up suggest that, although anthracycline toxicity occurs shortly after treatment, the undesirable effect remains.
Human assessments of document similarity

at the INTERACT " 99 conference. Abstract Two studies are reported that examined the reliability of human assessments of document similarity and the association between human ratings and the results of n-gram automatic text analysis (ATA). Human inter-assessor reliability (IAR) was moderate to poor. However, correlations between average human ratings and n-gram solutions were strong. The average correlation between ATA and individual human solutions was greater than IAR. N-gram length influenced the strength of association, but optimum string length depended on the nature of the text (technical versus non-technical). We conclude that the methodology applied in previous studies may have led to over-optimistic views on human reliability, but that an optimal n-gram solution can provide a good approximation of the average human assessment of document similarity, a result that has important implications for future development of document visualization systems.
The impact of wording in “Dear doctor” letters and in black box labels

The Food and Drug Administration and pharmaceutical manufacturers use “Dear doctor” letters to alert physicians about drug safety. To determine how such warnings may be improved, we retrospectively examined how variations in the wording of one series of “Dear doctor” letters affected their impact on concomitant dispensing of cisapride (Propulsid; Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ) and several medications contraindicated for concomitant use.
Aerosol Spray Treatment with Bacteriophages and Competitive Exclusion Reduces Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in Chickens

Abstract A combination of three different Salmonella-specific bacteriophages (BPs) and one competitive exclusion (CE) product were used to reduce Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) colonization in experimentally infected chickens. Equal numbers of 7-day-old chickens were used in each of three groups: a CE group (treated with CE), a BP group (treated with BP), and a CE-plus-BP group (treated with both products). The CE product was administered via coarse spray at 1 day of age and the cocktail of three BPs was given via spray at 6 days of age using a multiplicity of infection of 103 plaque-forming units. All the experimental groups, except a healthy control group, were challenged orally with 2.95 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml of an SE strain at 7 days of age. Seven days postchallenge, the chickens were euthanatized for individual SE detection, quantitative bacteriology, and phage isolation from ceca and an internal organ pool. The qualitative bacteriology demonstrated that the use of the CE product diminished the incidence of SE to 75.7% and the mixture of BPs reduced it to 80%; when CE plus BP were used, the incidence dropped significantly to 38.7% (P < 0.0001), as compared with the infection control group (100%). A significant difference in the incidence was observed between the CE and the CE-plus-BP groups, and the BP and the CE-plus-BP groups (P = 0.0027 and P = 0.0010, respectively). The mean SE cecal count diminished with the use of CE plus BP (1.6 × 102 CFU/g, P = 0.0003) compared with the control group (1.56 × 105 CFU/g), the CE group (4.23 × 103 CFU/g), and the BP group (9.48 × 103 CFU/g). On the basis of the present study, it may be concluded that the use of both types of biocontrollers can be an effective method for reducing SE colonization in commercial chickens, but further basic and applied research is needed.
Structural Basis for the Recognition of Blood Group Trisaccharides by Norovirus

ABSTRACT Noroviruses are one of the major causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis epidemics in humans. Recent studies on norovirus receptors show that different noroviruses recognize different human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), and eight receptor binding patterns of noroviruses have been identified. The P domain of the norovirus capsids is directly involved in this recognition. To determine the precise locations and receptor binding modes of HBGA carbohydrates on the viral capsids, a recombinant P protein of a GII-4 strain norovirus, VA387, was cocrystallized with synthetic type A or B trisaccharides. Based on complex crystal structures observed at a 2.0-Å resolution, we demonstrated that the receptor binding site lies at the outermost end of the P domain and forms an extensive hydrogen-bonding network with the saccharide ligand. The A and B trisaccharides display similar binding modes, and the common fucose ring plays a key role in this interaction. The extensive interface between the two protomers in a P dimer also plays a crucial role in the formation of the receptor binding interface.
Are Cognitive Styles an Important Factor in Design of Electroacoustic Music Software?†

Abstract This paper explores cognitive style as one of the factors that may explain tensions that can exist between individual electroacoustic composers and the software they use. The discussion centres on a survey, conducted using a web-based questionnaire, of composers' cognitive styles and approaches to composition. This survey was motivated by a previous qualitative study of composers, in which two established composers unexpectedly revealed differences that mapped remarkably well onto one of the key dimensions of cognitive style identified in the psychological and cognitive literature, namely global and analytic. The results suggest that there are characteristic cognitive style traits within the electroacoustic composer community which correlate with particular approaches to composition and also to levels of satisfaction with composition software. Thus we propose a new area of research, namely, usability studies of computer music software that is sensitive to cognitive styles.
Optimising transparency, reliability and replicability: annotation principles and inter-coder agreement in the quantification of evaluative expressions

Manual corpus annotation facilitates exhaustive and detailed corpus-based analyses of evaluation that would not be possible with purely automatic techniques. However, manual annotation is a complex and subjective process. Most studies adopting this approach have paid insufficient attention to the methodological challenges involved in manually annotating evaluation – especially concerning transparency, reliability and replicability. This article illustrates a procedure for annotating evaluative expressions in text that facilitates more transparent, reliable and replicable analyses. The method is demonstrated through a case study analysis of appraisal (Martin and White, 2005) in a small-size specialised corpus of CEO letters published by the British energy company, BP, and four competitors before and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. Drawing on Fuoli and Paradis's (2014) model of trust–repair discourse, we examine how attitude and engagement resources are strategically deployed by BP's CEO in t.
Fetal wound healing: an overview

The ability of fetal tissues to heal without scarring has prompted extensive research into the biochemical and molecular differences between fetal and postnatal wound healing. A thorough understanding of the basic mechanisms of fetal wound repair may to lead to approaches to correct or prevent the clinical problems encountered in abnormal adult wound healing and fetal surgery. This article contrasts the normal healing response in adults with fetal repair in animal models, highlighting investigations of extracellular matrix expression, cytokine profiles, and cellular dynamics.
Interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor are elevated in large-vessel vasculitis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES To investigate serum levels of IL- 6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) in patients with large-vessel vasculitis and their relationship with disease activity. METHODS Sera were obtained from 33 Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) patients and 14 giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients, and from 60 age-matched normal controls (NCs). Disease activity was assessed using 18F-FDG PET/CT and clinical indices including NIH/Kerr criteria and ITAS. Among TAK patients with active disease at baseline, clinical records and serum samples from 11 TAK patients were available for the longitudinal study. IL-6 and sIL-6R serum levels were evaluated using commercial ELISA kits. RESULTS IL-6 and sIL-6R serum levels were significantly higher in both GCA and TAK patients compared to NCs. IL-6 levels in TAK patients were significantly increased irrespective of disease phase, while a significant increase in sIL-6R concentrations was only found in TAK patients with active disease. Conversely, in GCA, IL-6 levels were significantly raised only in patients with active diseases, whereas sIL-6R levels appeared to be significantly higher irrespective of disease activity. Longitudinal analysis showed that levels of sIL-6R in TAK patients were significantly higher only at baseline, compared to NCs, whereas IL-6 levels were found to be significantly increased at each follow-up time point. CONCLUSIONS These overall results might suggest a role for sIL-6R as a potential biomarker for disease activity in TAK patients, whereas in GCA, modifications of IL-6 might better identify patients with active disease.
Migrant Hispanic Families of Young Children: An Analysis of Parent Needs and Family Support

The population served by early interventionists has changed to include more migrant families. Although there has been much research concerning Caucasian families, less is known about culturally and linguistically diverse families. Forming partnerships with families can be aided by understanding how to identify families’ needs and support networks. The purpose of this study was to assess the group differences between Hispanic migrant families of young children with and without disabilities (ages birth - 5) regarding their perceptions of needs and use of support systems. The findings indicate that there is little difference between migrant families of young children with and without disabilities. Implications of the findings and suggestions for further research are discussed.
E 2 F mediates cell cycle-dependent transcriptional repression in vivo by recruitment of an HDAC 1 / mSin 3 B corepressor complex

Despite biochemical and genetic data suggesting that E2F and pRB (pocket protein) families regulate transcription via chromatin-modifying factors, the precise mechanisms underlying gene regulation by these protein families have not yet been defined in a physiological setting. In this study, we have investigated promoter occupancy in wild-type and pocket protein-deficient primary cells. We show that corepressor complexes consisting of histone deacetylase (HDAC1) and mSin3B were specifically recruited to endogenous E2F-regulated promoters in quiescent cells. These complexes dissociated from promoters once cells reached late G1, coincident with gene activation. Interestingly, recruitment of HDAC1 complexes to promoters depended absolutely on p107 and p130, and required an intact E2F-binding site. In contrast, mSin3B recruitment to certain promoters did not require p107 or p130, suggesting that recruitment of this corepressor can occur via E2F-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Remarkably, loss of pRB had no effect on HDAC1 or mSin3B recruitment. p107/p130 deficiency triggered a dramatic loss of E2F4 nuclear localization as well as transcriptional derepression, which is suggested by nucleosome mapping studies to be the result of localized hyperacetylation of nucleosomes proximal to E2F-binding sites. Taken together, these findings show that p130 escorts E2F4 into the nucleus and, together with corepressor complexes that contain mSin3B and/or HDAC1, directly represses transcription from target genes as cells withdraw from the cell cycle.