Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF BUDGETARY PARTICIPATION AND BUDGET ADEQUACY ON INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE WITH JOB SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE

This study aims to examine the effect of budgetary participation and budget adequacy on individual performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling method. Analysis of the research was conducted on 110 officials involved in budgeting in Aceh Utara (North Aceh) district administration. There are four variables measured in this study i.e. the budgetary participation, budget adequacy, job satisfaction and individual performance. Data analysis uses analysts track, supported by the application program AMOS 16 and SPSS 17. The model proposed in this study successfully meets the requirements for a model. The results of this study indicate that budgetary participation has a significant effect on individual performance, budgetary participation has a significant effect on job satisfaction, and budget adequacy has a significant effect on budget satisfaction, budget adequacy has a significant effect on individual performance. Budgetary participation and budget adequacy have significant effects on performance through job satisfaction.
Solid-State Polymerization of Poly(ethylene furanoate) Biobased Polyester, I: Effect of Catalyst Type on Molecular Weight Increase

In this work, we report the synthesis of poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF), catalyzed by three different catalysts, namely, titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TIS), tetrabutyltitanate (TBT), and dibutyltin (IV) oxide (DBTO), via the two-stage melt polycondensation method. Solid-state polymerization (SSP) was conducted at different reaction times (1, 2, 3.5, and 5 h) and temperatures 190, 200, and 205 °C, under vacuum. The resultant polymers were analyzed according to their intrinsic viscosity (IV), end groups (–COOH), and thermal properties, via differential scanning calorimetry. DSC results showed that the post polymerization process was favorable to enhance the melting point of the prepared PEF samples. As was expected, the intrinsic viscosity and the average molecular weight of PEF increased with the SSP time and temperature, whereas the number of carboxyl end-groups was decreased. A simple kinetic model was also developed and used to predict the time evolution of polymers IV, as well as the carboxyl and hydroxyl content of PEF during the SSP. From both the experimental measurements and the theoretical simulation results it was proved that the presence of the TIS catalyst resulted in higher transesterification kinetic rate constants and higher reaction rates. The activation energies were not much affected by the presence of different catalysts. Finally, using DBTO as a catalyst, the polyesters produced have higher crystallinity, and as a consequence, higher number of inactive carboxyl and hydroxyl groups.
Sinking failure of scour protection at wind turbine foundation

This paper summarises the results of an experimental study on scour protection around offshore wind turbine foundations, with special emphasis on the sinking failure of the scour protection work in Horns Rev 1 offshore wind farm (Denmark). The paper reviews previous results obtained by the author (AN), and is organised as follows. Section 2 addresses flow around a pile with a scour protection. Section 3 looks at the initiation of sand motion beneath scour protection. Section 4 discusses sediment motion beneath scour protection and resulting sinking. Section 5 investigates the Horns Rev 1 case. A brief account is also given of filter criteria and their application to the Horns Rev 1 case, whereby the present results and the filter criteria results are linked.
[Ne ii] emission‐line profiles from photoevaporative disc winds

I model profiles of the [Ne II] forbidden emission line at 12.81 μm, emitted by photoevaporative winds from discs around young, solar mass stars. The predicted line luminosities (∼10 −6 L� ) are consistent with recent data, and the line profiles vary significantly with the disc inclination. Edge-on discs show broad (30–40 km s −1 ) double-peaked profiles, due to the rotation of the disc, while in face-on discs the structure of the wind results in a narrower line (�10 km s −1 ) and a significant blueshift (5–10 km s −1 ). These results suggest that the observations of [Ne II] line profiles can provide a direct test of models of protoplanetary disc photoevaporation.
Effect of perivitelline fluid from horseshoe crab on the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes in human dental pulp stem cells

Abstract Perivitelline fluid (PVF) of the horseshoe crab embryo has been reported to possess an important role during embryogenesis by promoting cell proliferation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of PVF on the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) between different cell passages viz. 4, 5, 6. The cells were treated with a single dose of PVF (26.89 mg/ml) PVF. Gene expression was quantified for CDKNA2A, PTEN, MDM2 and TP53 genes using reverse transcriptase PCR. CDKN2A and MDM2 expression for treated and untreated DPSCs, expressed a similar pattern of expression. The higher expression of CDKN2A showed that the treatment increased cell proliferation and prevented cell senescence. DPSCs with PVF treatment showed increased expression of MDM2 at passage 4 and drastically declined expression at passage 5 and slightly increased at passage 6. TP53 expression of DPSCs treated group showed a higher expression compared to untreated group. On the other hand, the expression of PTEN in DPSCs treated group started to increase from passage 5 to 6. However, on the whole, the PTEN expression was higher than the untreated group in all the passages studied here. The results showed that PVF could enhance cell cycle regulatory gene expression in DPSCs as indicated by the higher expression of all the genes considered in this study at different cell passages in the treated group compared to the untreated group. Mann Whitney test was utilized to determine the significance of cell cycle regulatory genes expression between treated and untreated group. Significant difference in expression of genes between the treated and untreated groups were found at all passages except for CDKN2A gene whereby, its expression was not significantly different at passage 5 though it did express slightly higher in PVF treated DPSCs. Keywords: cell cycle, dental pulp stem cells, gene expression, horseshoe crab, perivitelline fluid.
Unmarried Cohabitation and Family Policy in Norway

Family sociology reacted slowly and reluctantly to the behavioural and structural changes in family life that took place in many industrialized countries from the late 1960s/early 1970s ( Cheal, 1991; Doherty et a l., 1993; Eriksen and Wetlesen, 1996) . The 1950s has been described in Norway as the era of ‘the housewife family’ par excellen ce, using a Parsonian understanding ( Frones and Hompland, 1994; Gronseth, 1972) . This is well documented by solid long-term census data: marriages took place in church1 and it was common to be formally engaged to be married, divorce rates were low and labour market participation for married women, especially with children, was low ( Noack, 1994) . Still, there has been a long-term tradition of unmarried cohabitation or consensual unions in Norway, particularly in certain parts of the country, and mostly in the lower classes ( Brunborg, 1979; Eliot and Hillman, 1960; Sundt; 1855/1989) . The radical protesters against bourgeois marriage have been few in number, but their views were well aired ( Hoel, 1927) . Also, Norwegian family sociology pointed to the inadequacy of the Parsonian understanding of the family ( Gronseth, 1958, 1973) . In a historical perspective ( Goody, 1983; Frones and Hompland, 1994) the 1950s represent a peak in the state/church control of marriage, meaning a high degree of conformity in family life with the state/church as the sole agent empowered to acknowledge marriage. In fact, it was illegal in Norway for a man and a woman to live together without being formally married, i.e. without the recognition of the state/church. In 1954 the labour government withdrew a proposal to the parliament to abolish this particular legislation ( the so-called ‘concubinage paragraph’) . It was  nally abolished in 1972, somewhat overdue, to judge from the emerging marriage/cohabitation pattern. Family policy of the 1950s and 1960s was tailored to the nuclear family ideal: child allowance ( paid to the mother) , tax rules favouring one-breadwinner families, child day-care centres were almost non-existent and school started at the age of seven. But the welfare state was under construction and gradually relieving the family of some of the responsibilities for those outside the labour market ( the old, the disabled, unemployed, university students but not married women) . Included was support arrangements for unwed mothers. With regard to prevention and sexual education, Norway was quite conservative in the Scandinavian context ( Henriksen and Holter, 1978) . In tern a tion al Rev iew of Sociology—Rev u e In tern a tion ale de Sociologie, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2001
REMITTANCES, DUTCH DISEASE, AND COMPETITIVENESS: A BAYESIAN ANALYSIS

The paper studies symptoms of Dutch disease in the Pakistani economy arising from international remittances. An IV Bayesian analysis is carried out to take care of the endogeneity and uncertainty due to the managed float of Pakistani Rupee. We find evidence for both spending and resource movement effects in both the short and the long-run. These impacts are stronger and different from those the Official Development Assistance and the FDI exert. We find that while aggregate remittances and the remittances from Persian Gulf contribute to the Dutch disease in Pakistan, those from North America and Europe do not.
Atmospheric methyl halides and dimethyl sulfide from cattle

We have measured emissions of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and (CH3)2S (DMS) from Holstein cows. In one experiment, two cows were studied in separate metabolic research chambers for a 24‐hour period while on a normal diet and were studied for an additional 24‐hour period 1 week later after being placed on a diet enhanced in chloride and bromide. Methyl chloride emissions ranged between 0.4 × 10−3 and 1.5 × 10−3 g cow−1 d−1, while methyl bromide emissions were much smaller, 3 × 10−6−2 × 10−5 g cow−1 d−1. Daily emissions of methane from these cows were 134–180 g cow−1 d−1, quite similar to values found in many previous studies. A second 24‐hour study of two different cows on normal diets yielded daily emissions of 0.6 × 10−3 and 0.9 × 10−3 g CH3Cl, 0−1.0 × 10−6 g CH3Br, and 191 and 176 g CH4. If these emissions of CH3Cl and CH3Br are representative of the 1.3 billion head of cattle worldwide, then the global source of atmospheric CH3Cl and CH3Br from cattle would be 0.23–0.70 Gg yr−1 and (1–10) × 10−3 Gg yr−1, respectively. These emissions of CH3Cl and CH3Br represent <0.02% and <0.005%, respectively, of the total annual global atmospheric sources of these compounds; therefore, emissions of CH3Cl and CH3Br from cattle are insignificant contributors to their total sources. Discovered serendipitously, DMS emissions were between 0.17 and 0.24 g cow−1 d−1, and chloroform emissions were 2 × 10−4−3 × 10−3 g cow−1 d−1. DMS from cattle is not a major source over hemispheric or global scales but could be important in certain geographical regions. Chloroform (CHCl3) emissions were similarly detected and quantified, as were those of C2H5X (X = Cl or Br).
Striking the right balance in right whale conservation

Despite many years of study and protection, the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) remains on the brink of extinction. There is a crucial gap in our understanding of their habitat use in the migratory corridor along the eastern seaboard of the United States. Here, we characterize habitat suitability in migrating right whales in relation to depth, distance to shore, and the recently enacted ship speed regulations near major ports. We find that the range of suitable habitat exceeds previous estimates and that, as compared with the enacted 20 nautical mile buffer, the originally proposed 30 nautical mile buffer would protect more habitat for this critically endangered species.
Financial Liberalisation and Economic Growth In Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the financial liberalization experience in Nigeria. In particular, the study analyses the motivation for implementing a financial liberalization policy; providing an explanation of the evolution and process of the financial liberalization. This study establishes the long-run and short-run relationship between financial liberalization and real output using the ARDL framework with annual observations over the period 1981-2012. The study uses three measures as proxies to indicate the degree of financial liberalization: KAOPEN-a financial openness index; money supply as a ratio of GDP, M2; and credit to the private sector as a ratio of GDP, CPS. The results obtained suggest that there is a positive long-run equilibrium relationship between financial liberalization and economic growth. This supports the view that financial liberalization plays a crucial role in the process of economic development; the financial liberalization process in Nigeria has stimulated financial development leading to significant contribution to economic growth. Therefore, since financial development seems important to economic growth, measures should be taken to reduce government inefficiencies in order to release resources for the development of financial institutions
SMAD3 negatively regulates serum irisin and skeletal muscle FNDC5 and PGC-1  during exercise

Beige adipose cells are a distinct and inducible type of thermogenic fat cell that express the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 and thus represent a powerful target for treating obesity. Mice lacking the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-  ) effector protein SMAD3 are protected against diet-induced obesity due R1/TGF-  R2 complex, SMAD3 is phosphorylated, and translocates into the nucleus to bind the promoters of PGC-1  and FNDC5 to suppress their transcription. Suppression of FNDC5 transcription and protein leads to decrease in circulating irisin.
High efficiency protoplast isolation from in vitro cultures and hairy roots of Maesa lanceolata

In vitro cultures of the medicinal plant Maesa lanceolata were established to enable the cultivation of plant material for the production of protoplasts. Callus cultures were initiated using leaves collected from shoot cultures and the root tips from hairy root cultures obtained upon Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation. For the isolation of protoplasts, the different explant material of M. lanceolata was exposed to an enzyme mixture consisting of 1.5% cellulase, 0.5% macerozyme R-10 and 0.5 M mannitol. About 6 x 10 6 protoplasts g -1 fresh weight were obtained from leaf material and 5 x 10 5 protoplasts g -1 fresh weight from callus. To obtain high amounts of hairy root protoplasts, the cultures were pretreated with the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) that stimulated the formation of novel root tips. Using the dissected root tips as starting material, 8 x 10 5 protoplasts g -1 fresh weight were obtained per preparation. The protoplast isolation method will enable further studies on the transformation and fusion of protoplasts from M. lanceolata . in the enzyme mixtures with cellulase RS was performed during 5 h, in the dark at 25°C and on a rotary shaker set at 50 rpm. After incubation, the protoplast - enzyme mixture was filtered through a 40 µM nylon filter (BD Biosciences Europe) and centrifuged for 10 min at 500 rpm. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was resuspended in a washing solution (1 x MS salts and 0.5 M mannitol) and centrifuged for 5 min. After another wash following the above procedure, the centrifugation was repeated. Finally the protoplasts were resuspended in 1 ml of washing solution. A Fuchs-Rosenthal haemocytometer was used to count protoplasts and an inverted Olympus (IX-81) microscope was used to confirm fluorescence of transgenic tissue and to measure the diameter of the protoplasts (using Cell M software, Olympus).
Entangled quantum states of atomic systems

The current status of studies in the physics of entangled states of atomic systems — an interdisciplinary field involving quantum optics, quantum information, and the foundations of quantum mechanics — is reviewed. In the first part of the review, an introduction to the theory of entangled states is given, their properties and applications are described. In the second part, experiments on the creation and detection of entangled states in atomic systems are discussed along with associated experimental proposals for their refinement. Today's most advanced experimental technique for creating entangled ion states in an ion trap is considered, and promising methods focussed on the analogous states of neutral atoms are analyzed.
Using paleoclimate reconstructions to analyse hydrological epochs 6401 on paleoclimate reconstructions – and hydroclimate stochastic modelling

The duration of dry or wet hydrological epochs (run lengths) associated with positive or negative Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) or Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phases, termed Pacific decadal variability (PDV), is an essential statistical property for understanding, assessing and managing hydroclimatic risk. Numerous IPO and PDO paleoclimate reconstructions provide a valuable opportunity to study the statistical signatures of PDV, including run lengths. However, disparities exist between these reconstructions, making it problematic to determine which reconstruction(s) to use to investigate pre-instrumental PDV and run length. Variability and persistence on centennial scales are also present in some millennium-long reconstructions, making consistent run length extraction difficult. Thus, a robust method to extract meaningful and consistent run lengths from multiple reconstructions is required. In this study, a dynamic threshold framework to account for centennial trends in PDV reconstructions is proposed. The dynamic threshold framework is shown to extract meaningful run length information from multiple reconstructions. Two hydrologically important aspects of the statistical signatures associated with the PDV are explored: (i) whether persistence (i.e. run lengths) during positive epochs is different to persistence during negative epochs and (ii) whether the reconstructed run lengths have been stationary during the past millennium. Results suggest that there is no significant difference between run lengths in positive and negative phases of PDV and that it is more likely than not that the PDV run length has been non-stationary in the past millennium. This raises concerns about whether variability seen in the instrumental record (the last ∼ 100 years), or even in the shorter 300–400-year paleoclimate reconstructions, is representative of the full range of variability.
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID-INDUCED CHANGES IN YIELD AND SEED-OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS

Effectiveness of a potential plant growth regulator, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on improving yield and regulating some potential physio-chemical attributes of seed and oil of two sunflower cultivars was examined in a greenhouse experiment. Four varying levels of ALA 20, 50 and 80 mg L -1 were applied foliarly to the two sunflower cultivars (Hysun-33 and S-278) grown under saline (150 mM NaCl) and non-saline (0 mM NaCl) conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the achenes/plant, total achene yield, 100-achene weight, seed moisture content, seed oil percentage, seed K + and P concentrations of both sunflower cultivars, while in contrast, salt-induced increase in the accumulation of Cl and Na + in seed as well as α-tocopherols in oil of both sunflower cultivars. However, no significant change in seed organic and inorganic contents, oil refractive index (RI) and seed Ca 2+ content was observed due to salt stress in both sunflower cultivars. Foliar-applied varying levels ALA remained ineffective in improving all yield variables, oil refractive index and seed inorganic nutrients (Na + , Cl , K + and P) of both sunflower cultivars under saline and non-saline regimes. However, a significant increase in seed oil concentration, accumulation of oil α-tocopherols and seed P of both sunflower cultivars was observed due to foliar-applied 20 and 80 mg L -1 of ALA under saline conditions. Overall, ALA was ineffective in ameliorating the salt-induced adverse effects on yield and different seed-oil characteristics except of seed P and oil αtocopherols in sunflower plants.
Grouping Bread Wheat Genotypes and Lines based on Some Morphological Traits Using Multivariate Analysis

Abstract The knowledge about the extent of variability among bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes is a high value for the genetic improvement programs and the efficient genetic diversity utilization of plant materials. The objective of this research was to assess the morphological characteristics of 56 common wheat genotypes which were planted under field condition and their morphological traits were recorded. The principal components (PC) analysis, factor analysis and clustering procedure were applied to group genotypes according to similarity on the basis of the measured traits. Results showed that the first two PCs explain 41% of the total variation. The PC and factor analyses grouped genotypes into four groups while the cluster analysis grouped them into five distinct clusters. The cluster I had good resistance to yellow rust and salinity while the cluster II, had good resistance to drought, cold and salinity. The cluster III had high tolerance to cold stress and low temperatures but the cluster IV had good tolerance to drought, brown rust and yellow rust. Also, cluster V had various properties including tolerance abiotic stresses, resistance to biotic stresses, resistant to lodging and semi-dwarf property. The results of this research will support efforts of conservation and utilization of genotypes in bread wheat breeding programs.
Nutrient availability and thyroid hormone activation 1 COUPLING BETWEEN NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND THYROID HORMONE ACTIVATION 1

The activity of the thyroid gland is stimulated by food availability via leptin-induced TRH/TSH expression. Here we show that food availability also stimulates thyroid hormone activation by accelerating conversion of T4-toT3 via type 2 deiodinase (D2) in mouse skeletal muscle and in a cell model transitioning from 0.1 to 10% FBS. The underlying mechanism is transcriptional de-repression of DIO2 through the mTORC2 pathway as defined in rictor knock down cells. In cells kept in 0.1% FBS there is DIO2 inhibition via FOXO1 binding to DIO2 promoter. Repression of DIO2 by FOXO1 was confirmed using its specific inhibitor AS1842856 or adenoviral infection of constitutively active FOXO1. ChIP studies indicate that 4h after 10% FBS-containing media FOXO1 binding markedly decreases and DIO2 promoter is activated. Studies in the insulin-receptor FOXO1 KO mouse indicate that insulin is a key signaling molecule in this process. We conclude that FOXO1 represses DIO2 during fasting and de-repression occurs via nutritional activation of the PI3K-