Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Ethical Culture in Creating Public Value

The concept of public value is very important for public sector organization and it is considered that there is no more important topic in public administration and public policy than public value. The underlying principle of the pubic value concept is that the value to citizens should guide the operations of public organizations on the delivery of public services. The goal of all sectors of the economy, public and private, is to create or increase the value created by their contribution. The term ‘public value’ can be defined as what the public values – what they are willing to make sacrifices of money and freedom to achieve, and describes the contribution made by the public sector to economic, social and environmental well-being of a society or nation. The concept of public value has been extended in many different ways but the major focus is on the sources of public value and how to create public value. In this study our main goal is to find the relationship between ethical culture and public value and what is the impact of ethical culture on public value. Ethical culture refers to the ethical quality of a work environment, which is defined as the shared values, norms, and beliefs that can stimulate ethical behavior. Organization’s ethical culture is related to its employees’ intended responses to observed and ultimately promotes ethical behavior and this ethical behavior is the backbone of public value creation.
Differences in simple morphological variables in ruptured and unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms.

OBJECT Management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms remains controversial in neurosurgery. The contribution of morphological parameters has not been included in the treatment paradigm in a systematic manner or for any particular aneurysm location. The authors present a large sample of middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms that were assessed using morphological variables to determine the parameters associated with aneurysm rupture. METHODS Preoperative CT angiography (CTA) studies were evaluated using Slicer software to generate 3D models of the aneurysms and their surrounding vascular architecture. Morphological parameters examined in each model included 5 variables already defined in the literature (aneurysm size, aspect ratio, aneurysm angle, vessel angle, and size ratio) and 3 novel variables (flow angle, distance to the genu, and parent-daughter angle). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2008, 132 MCA aneurysms were treated at a single institution, and CTA studies of 79 aneurysms (40 ruptured and 39 unruptured) were analyzed. Fifty-three aneurysms were excluded because of reoperation (4), associated AVM (2), or lack of preoperative CTA studies (47). Ruptured aneurysms were associated with larger size, greater aspect ratio, larger aneurysm and flow angles, and smaller parent-daughter angle. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that aspect ratio, flow angle, and parent-daughter angle were the strongest factors associated with ruptured aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS Aspect ratio, flow angle, and parent-daughter angle are more strongly associated with ruptured MCA aneurysms than size. The association of parameters independent of aneurysm morphology with ruptured aneurysms suggests that these parameters may be associated with an increased risk of aneurysm rupture. These factors are readily applied in clinical practice and should be considered in addition to aneurysm size when assessing the risk of aneurysm rupture specific to the MCA location.
A Simple Political Economy of Relations among Democracies and Autocracies ∗

I consider a simple political economy model of international con ict in which the value of conquest depends on the tax policy that would be implemented in conquered territory by the median voter in a democracy, or by the dictator in a non-democracy. Endogenizing the value of war in this way yields a straightforward possible explanation for the democratic peace. If the citizens of democracies have normative commitments such that they will extend the same rights to people in conquered territory, then two democracies can have little economic reason to want to take over the other by force. By contrast, autocracies can gain rents from conquest and so must arm against each other for deterrence, which may be more expensive than ghting. A democracy needs to arm against an autocracy for protection, which can give it a reason for ghting in order to reduce its future defense burden by incorporating or changing the autocracy to a democracy. In the model there is no war between democracies, but sometimes war between dyads involving at least one autocracy (when ghting is cheaper than deterrence). I also consider the case of colonialist democracies that will exploit subjects in conquered territory, but divide the rents among the citizens.
Fish Oil Enhances Targeted Apoptosis During Colon Tumor Initiation in Part by Downregulating Bcl-2

We have shown that fish oil is protective against colon tumorigenesis, primarily by upregulating apoptosis. Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in colon cancer cells by cyclooxygenase (COX)-I and -II is known to inhibit apoptosis by induction of bcl-2. Because we have shown that fish oil downregulates PGE2 and COX-II, we hypothesized that this upregulation of apoptosis would be coincident with a downregulation of bcl-2. Bcl-2 was localized within the colonic crypt by quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC), and scraped colonic mucosa was used for immunoblot analysis of bcl-2. The tissue used for bcl-2 analysis was from the rats used to determine apoptosis. Briefly, tissues were collected from rats consuming diets containing either corn oil or fish oil at 3, 6, 9, and 12 h after carcinogen injection. The correlation between bcl-2 and apoptosis was also determined. Bcl-2 expression decreased until 9 h (P < 0.05), whereas apoptosis increased until 9 h (P < 0.01). Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis were negatively correlated in both the proximal (P < 0.05) and distal colon (P < 0.005). Fish oil decreased bcl-2 expression (P < 0.05) and increased apoptosis (P < 0.05) in the top third of the crypt in the distal colon. In conclusion, one pathway by which fish oil may mediate apoptosis and thus protect against colon tumorigenesis is by downregulation of anti-apoptotic bcl-2.
Household Sentiment, Market Liquidity, and Credit Default Swap Spreads

We show that household sentiment affects the cross-section and time-series of credit default swap (CDS) spreads. We employ internet search volume data to proxy for an exogenous shock to the pessimistic sentiment of households about credit risk outside the CDS market. Consistent with the conjecture of significant noise trading existing in the CDS market, we find our proxy of household sentiment to be a significant driver of CDS spreads. Our results are in line with theories that emphasize the role noise trading plays in providing market liquidity with higher levels of sentiment being associated with lower average CDS spreads.
Swimming in the Tropics: Navigating the Dangers of Marine Life

Swimming is a popular holiday activity in tropical tourism destinations but is not risk free. Aside from the obvious risks of drowning, tropical waters harbour a number of marine animals that have the potential to injure or even kill unwary swimmers. Sharks, marine jellyfish and crocodiles may pose threats. From a destination perspective, strategies need to be implemented that firstly reduce the risk of injury and secondly care for swimmers who are injured. This paper first reports on the results of a survey of swimmers that examines a range of swimming-related behaviours then proposes an action pathway model that may be implemented by destinations to reduce risk for swimmers.
The Effect of Demographics on Payment Behavior: Panel Data with Sample Selection

Connolly and Stavins (2015) showed that payment behavior is strongly correlated with consumers’ demographic and income attributes over the 2009–2013 period. In this paper, we apply a random effects panel data model with sample selection based on Wooldridge (1995) to estimate the effect of each attribute on payment-instrument adoption and use. We find that age, education, income, and race are significant in explaining payment behavior even after controlling for all the other attributes of consumers and for payment-instrument characteristics. Most notably, the lowest-income, lowest-education, and minority consumers adopt a very limited set of payment instruments compared with their counterparts even when education and age are controlled for. These consumers also have a significantly different pattern of payment use conditional on adoption; they rely significantly more on cash and less on credit cards for their transactions. The data do not allow us to isolate supply-side and demand-side factors to explain the causes of these discrepancies. Women use significantly less cash than men, but use more debit cards, checks, and online banking bill pay, even when we control for the degree of bill-paying responsibility they have for their households. Single people use more cash, while married people use more checks. Although characteristics of payment instruments, such as cost, convenience, and security, significantly affect payment behavior, consumers’ socio-demographic attributes explain most of the variation. Separating the effects of consumers’ age from the effects of birth cohorts indicates that in most cases age and birth-cohort trends move together.
Analyzing Performance of Banks in Pakistan : Conventional versus Islamic Banks

This study analyzes the performance of conventional versus Islamic banks in Pakistan. For the purpose, we have first constructed the financial performance index (FPI) based on CAMELS‟ ratios and then ranked the banks on the basis of the constructed FPI. We have used annual data covering the period 2006-2012. The results reveal that conventional banks were on top of the list and Islamic banks stood mostly after 12 th rank in terms of performance over the period. Yet, the progress ratio depicts that Islamic banks had better performance in 2012 as compared to 2006.
Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter trogontum: infectious causes of abortion in sheep

The aim of our study was to determine the association of Helicobacter spp. that had flexispira morphology with ovine abortion, and to understand the importance of these organisms as a cause of ovine abortion in New Zealand. A retrospective diagnostic survey was carried out on laboratory submissions from ovine abortion outbreaks. A comparison was made of the proportion of laboratory submissions where Helicobacter spp. were detected from flocks that had no other agent identified (group A) with a group that had a known cause of abortion identified (group B). This latter group was considered to be a negative control, given the premise that Helicobacter spp. were not causing abortions and that Helicobacter spp. should be present at a lower rate in the group. Where no diagnosis had been made, aborted material was positive for Helicobacter spp. with flexispira morphology in 8 submissions (20%, 8/40) from 5 of the 31 survey farms (16%, 5/31). Helicobacter spp. were not detected in any of the 18 submissions from the 17 control farms (group B). Helicobacter spp. were confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of 3 of the Helicobacter spp. isolated by culture from the livers of aborted sheep fetuses, and 7 of the 8 where samples were positive in a Helicobacter PCR assay. The Helicobacter spp. were identified as Helicobacter trogontum (Flexispira taxon 5 genotype) and Helicobacter bilis (Flexispira taxon 8 genotype). The findings support Helicobacter spp. being a probable causative agent of ovine abortions in New Zealand.
Understanding family firm innovation heterogeneity

Purpose – In family business studies, inconsistent findings exist regarding the relationship between family involvement and firm innovation. The purpose of this paper is to understand the heterogeneity of family firm innovation. Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw on governance literature and the socioemotional wealth (SEW) perspective to examine how the extent of family governance and the type of SEW objectives jointly influence innovation strategies in family firms. Findings – The authors develop a typology of family firm innovation strategies, positing that the family firm’s risk orientation, innovation goal, and knowledge diversity vary depending on the degree of family involvement in governance and the type of SEW objective. The authors propose that four family firm innovation strategies (e.g. Limited Innovators, Intended Innovators, Potential Innovators, and Active Innovators) emerge when family involvement in the dominant coalition (high or low) is contrasted with the SEW objective (rest.
Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation on Hemiplegic Gait Patterns

Purpose The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on both kinematic and temporospatial gait patterns in patients with hemiplegia. Materials and Methods Eighteen hemiplegic patients diagnosed with either cerebral palsy or stroke participated in this study. All participants underwent the 4-week gait training with RAS. The treatment was performed for 30 minutes per each session, three sessions per week. RAS was provided with rhythmic beats using a chord progression on a keyboard. Kinematic and temporospatial data were collected and analyzed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Results Gait training with RAS significantly improved both proximal and distal joint kinematic patterns in hip adduction, knee flexion, and ankle plantar flexion, enhancing the gait deviation index (GDI) as well as ameliorating temporal asymmetry of the stance and swing phases in patients with hemiplegia. Stroke patients with previous walking experience demonstrated significant kinematic improvement in knee flexion in mid-swing and ankle dorsiflexion in terminal stance. Among stroke patients, subacute patients showed a significantly increased GDI score compared with chronic patients. In addition, household ambulators showed a significant effect on reducing anterior tilt of the pelvis with an enhanced GDI score, while community ambulators significantly increased knee flexion in mid-swing phase and ankle dorsiflexion in terminal stance phase. Conclusion Gait training with RAS has beneficial effects on both kinematic and temporospatial patterns in patients with hemiplegia, providing not only clinical implications of locomotor rehabilitation with goal-oriented external feedback using RAS but also differential effects according to ambulatory function.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, KOMPENSASI, DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR KARYAWAN

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transformational leadership style, compensation and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) employees at the Civil Servants Cooperative Bina Sejahtera Badung regency. This research was conducted at the Civil Servants Cooperative Bina Sejahtera Badung engaged in micro-credit and store business unit with a sample of 61 respondents (Sample Saturated) . Teknik wear multiple linear regression analysis. The results of analysis that transformational leadership style significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) employees at the Civil Servants Cooperative Bina Sejahtera Badung regency. Compensation significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) employees at the Civil Servants Cooperative Bina Sejahtera Badung regency. Organizational commitment significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) employees at the Civil Servants Cooperative Bina Sejahtera Badung regency. Advice can be given, the company should be willing to foster employee survive in company with the provision of financial benefits that fit employees' workload.
Spectral Doppler Waveform Analysis of Common Femoral Veins for the Detection of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Changes of central and peripheral venous hemodynamics (PVH) are registered in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) with right ventricular dysfunction (RVD). It can be assumed the change of PVH is detectable through spectral Doppler waveform analysis of the common femoral veins (CFV) and regular respiratory modulated (RM) flow is replaced as a function of the severity of the RVD by cardiac modulation (CM) of the velocity-time spectra. The aim of this study is to examine, through detection of CM at the CFV, whether indirect diagnostics of the RVD is possible in patients with acute PE. Methods Quantification of RVD was performed through an echocardiographic right heart score (RHS) in patients with acute PE. The RHS integrated four parameters: the size of the right ventricle, the RV kinetics, the motion of the interventricular septum and the right atrial size. The sonographic quantification of RM and CM at the CFV was performed through measurement of the flow duration directed towards the heart in the velocity-time spectrum. The results of the RHS and the respective spectral Doppler waveform at the CFV were comparatively analysed. Results In 47 acute PE-patients CM was found in 53.2%. A RHS of 1 was present in 17% and there was no CM. CM was found in 19% of patients with a RHS of 1.25, and in 92% of patients with a RHS of 1.5. All patients with a RHS of ≥ 1.75 had a CM. The sensitivity and specificity for the CM with a cut-off RHS of 1.5 amounted to 0.96 and 0.88 respectively. Conclusion The CM at the CFV is an indirect diagnostic criterion of RVD with acute PE. In the case of suspected PE, the absence of CM excludes a RVD. Disappearance of CM during the clinical course of PE indicates improvement in RV function.
Phenotypic Variation in Overwinter Environmental Transmission of a Baculovirus and the Cost of Virulence

A pathogen’s ability to persist in the environment is an ecologically important trait, and variation in this trait may promote coexistence of different pathogen strains. We asked whether naturally occurring isolates of the baculovirus that infects gypsy moth larvae varied in their overwinter environmental transmission and whether this variation was consistent with a trade-off or an upper limit to virulence that might promote pathogen diversity. We used experimental manipulations to replicate the natural overwinter infection process, using 16 field-collected isolates. Virus isolates varied substantially in the fraction of larvae infected, leading to differences in overwinter transmission rates. Furthermore, isolates that killed more larvae also had higher rates of early larval death in which no infectious particles were produced, consistent with a cost of high virulence. Our results thus support the existence of a cost that could impose an upper limit to virulence even in a highly virulent pathogen.
Review and Systematization of Efficiency Measurement Methods Used in the Transport Sector

Efficiency analysis of transport systems can be carried out using numerous different techniques. Experts generally distinguish them as parametric and non-parametric methods, or else as methods using a production function, an index or not using anything of this kind. Based on the literature and on own research the present paper sets up a clear systematization of these techniques giving a brief summary of their essence while also providing examples of their application in the transport sector. Having elucidated each method, the author also outlines the correlation and the reliability of the techniques and presents a novel view which stresses the importance of links between the different techniques. KEY WORDS: efficiency measurement, transport, TFP, MPI, SFA, DEA, OCRA
Proteome‐base biomarkers in diabetes mellitus: Progress on biofluids' protein profiling using mass spectrometry

The worldwide number of individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) has been projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. Identification of specific biomarkers for prediction and monitoring of DM is needed not only for the adequate screening diagnosis but also to assist the design of interventions to prevent or delay progression of this pathology and its attendant complications. Proteomic methods based on MS hold special promise for the identification of novel biomarkers that might form the foundation for new clinical tests, but to date, their contribution has been somehow unfruitful. Indeed, from more than 300 proteins found differently modulated in body fluids from diabetic patients, approximately 50 were validated with other approaches like ELISA or Western blotting and the clinical trials are being initiated to employ biofluids’ proteomics (specifically urinary proteomics) in clinical decision. This review provides an overview of MS‐based applications in the identification of potential biomarkers for DM, emphasizing the methodological challenges involved.
Elevated plasma homocysteine elicits an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity

Elevated plasma homocysteine is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms for this effect are not fully understood but there is some evidence for a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study was conducted to explore the effects of elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration on activity of antioxidant enzymes in the circulation. The study group consisted of 10 patients with inherited defects of homocysteine metabolism, from whom 41 blood samples were collected over a period of six months. Blood samples were also collected from 13 of their obligate heterozygous parents. For data analysis samples were classified as those with plasma tHcy < 20 μM or ≥ 20 μM. The activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) was elevated in samples with plasma tHcy > 20 μM. Moreover, a significant correlation was demonstrated between plasma GSHPx activity, plasma glutathione peroxidase protein and plasma tHcy. In vitro studies confirmed that this observation was not due to a simple chemical enhancement of enzyme activity. Homocysteine protected GSHPx from loss of activity following incubation at 37°C. A similar effect was seen with another thiol-containing amino acid, cysteine. Results suggest that elevated plasma tHcy represents an oxidative stress, resulting in an adaptive increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes in the circulation.