Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The neural mechanism of hedonic processing and judgment of pleasant odors: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Pleasure is essential to normal healthy life. Olfaction, as 1 of the neurobehavioral probes of hedonic capacity, has a unique advantage compared to other sensory modalities. However, it is unclear how olfactory hedonic information is processed in the brain. This study aimed to investigate olfactory hedonic processing in the human brain. METHOD We conducted an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on 16 functional imaging studies that examined brain activation in olfactory hedonic processing-related tasks in healthy adults. RESULTS The results show that there is a core olfactory hedonic processing network, which consists of the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus/amygdala (BA34), the left middle frontal gyrus (BA6), the right middle frontal gyrus/lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; BA10), the bilateral cingulate gyrus (BA32), the right lentiform nucleus/lateral globus pallidus, the right medial frontal gyrus/medial OFC (BA11), the left superior frontal gyrus (BA10), and the right insula (BA13). Moreover, our findings highlight that the right hemisphere is predominant in explicit odor hedonic judgment. Finally, the results indicate that there are significant differences in brain activation for hedonic judgment and passive smelling. CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis that the OFC plays a key role in explicit hedonic judgment. (PsycINFO Database Record
The relationship between the golf swing plane and ball impact characteristics using trajectory ellipse fitting

ABSTRACT The trajectory of the clubhead close to ball impact during the golf swing has previously been shown to be planar. However, the relationship between the plane orientation and the orientation characteristics of the clubhead at ball impact has yet to be defined. Fifty-two male golfers (27 high skilled, 25 intermediate skilled) hit 40 drives each in an indoor biomechanics laboratory. This study successfully fitted the trajectory of the clubhead near impact to an ellipse for each swing for players of different skill levels to help better explain this relationship. Additionally, the eccentricities of the ellipses were investigated for links to skill level. The trajectory of the clubhead was found to fit to an ellipse with RMSE of 1.2 mm. The eccentricity of the ellipse was found to be greater in the high-skilled golfers. The club path and angle of attack generated from the ellipse fitted clubhead trajectory were found to have a normalised bias-corrected RMSE of 2% and 3%, respectively. A set of “rule of thumb” values for the relationship between the club path, angle of attack and delivery plane angle was generated for use by coaches.
Fast Estimation of Large Displacement Optical Flow Using Dominant Motion Patterns & Sub-Volume PatchMatch Filtering

This paper presents a new method for efficiently computing large-displacement optical flow. The method uses dominant motion patterns to identify a sparse set of sub-volumes within the cost volume and restricts subsequent Edge-Aware Filtering (EAF) to these sub-volumes. The method uses an extension of PatchMatch to filter these sub-volumes. The fact that our method only applies EAF to a small fraction of the entire cost volume boosts runtime performance. We also show that computational complexity is linear in the size of the images and does not depend upon the size of the label space. We evaluate the proposed technique on MPI Sintel, Middlebury and KITTI benchmarks and show that our method achieves accuracy comparable to those of several recent state-of-the-art methods, while posting significantly faster runtimes.
Development and validation of a reproducible model for studying post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) has been reported to be the second most important dermatological diagnosis in the African American population with up to 20% of diagnoses linked to PIH (Alexis et al., 2007). The prevalence of PIH is also high in Hispanic populations ranging from 6 to 7.5% (Sanchez, 2003). Although more frequent in dark-skinned individuals (Davis and Callender, 2010), PIH is not uncommon in fair skin types representing 5.7% of dermatological problems in a population of European ancestry with skin types I to III (Taylor et al., 2008). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Joint 2-D DOA and TOA Estimation for Multipath OFDM Signals Based on Three Antennas

A method for estimating the 2-D direction- and time-of-arrival of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals that utilizes only three antennas is proposed. An array manifold matrix is first constructed not only based on the symmetry of circular geometry but also the time diversity of every OFDM subcarrier, so that the array aperture can be greatly increased. A virtual spatial smoothing method is then used to partition the array manifold matrix into structurally identical sub-array manifold matrix, so that coherent multipaths can be correctly estimated by incorporating the eigenstructure-based techniques on the average of the sub-array covariance matrices. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cell‐fate determination in Myxococcus xanthus development: Network dynamics and novel predictions

Myxococcus xanthus is a myxobacterium that exhibits aggregation and cellular differentiation during the formation of fruiting bodies. Therefore, it has become a valuable model system to study the transition to multicellularity via cell aggregation. Although there is a vast set of experimental information for the development on M. xanthus, the dynamics behind cell‐fate determination in this organism's development remain unclear. We integrate the currently available evidence in a mathematical network model that allows to test the set of molecular elements and regulatory interactions that are sufficient to account for the specification of the cell types that are observed in fruiting body formation. Besides providing a dynamic mechanism for cell‐fate determination in the transition to multicellular aggregates of M. xanthus, this model enables the postulation of specific mechanisms behind some experimental observations for which no explanations have been provided, as well as new regulatory interactions that can be experimentally tested. Finally, this model constitutes a formal basis on which the continuously emerging data for this system can be integrated and interpreted.
Does Stroke Rehabilitation Really Matter? Part A: Proportional Stroke Recovery in the Rat

Background. In human upper-limb stroke, initial level of functional impairment or corticospinal tract injury can accurately predict the degree of poststroke recovery, independent of rehabilitation practices. This proportional recovery rule implies that current rehabilitation practices may play little or no role in brain repair, with recovery largely a result of spontaneous biological recovery processes. Objective. The present study sought to determine if similar biomarkers predict recovery of poststroke function in rats, indicating that an endogenous biological recovery process might be preserved across mammalian species. Methods. Using a cohort of 593 male Sprague-Dawley rats, we predicted poststroke change in pellet retrieval in the Montoya staircase-reaching task based on initial impairment alone. Stratification of the sample into “fitters” and “nonfitters” of the proportional recovery rule using hierarchical cluster analysis allowed identification of distinguishing characteristics of these subgroups. Results. Approximately 30% of subjects were identified as fitters of the rule. These rats showed recovery in proportion to their initial level of impairment of 66% (95% CI = 62%-70%). This interval overlaps with those of multiple human clinical trials. A number of variables, including less severe infarct volumes and initial poststroke impairments distinguished fitters of the rule from nonfitters. Conclusions. These findings suggest that proportional recovery is a cross-species phenomenon that can be used to uncover biological mechanisms contributing to stroke recovery.
Simultaneous Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Triterpenoids in Ilex pubescens by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

INTRODUCTION Ilex pubescens Hook et Arn mainly contains triterpenoids that possess antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the triterpenoids in I. pubescens can be useful for determining the authenticity and quality of raw materials and guiding its clinical preparation. OBJECTIVES To establish a method for rapid and comprehensive analysis of triterpenoids in I. pubescens using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation and quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS), which will also be applied to evaluate the contents of nine triterpenoids among root, root heartwood and root bark of I. pubescens to judge the value of the root bark to avoid wastage. METHODS UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS data from the extracts of I. pubescens in negative mode were analysed using Peakview and Masterview software that provided molecular weight, mass errors, isotope pattern fit and MS/MS fragments for the identification of triterpenoids. The quantification of nine investigated compounds of I. pubescens was accomplished using MultiQuant software. RESULTS A total of 33 triterpenoids, five phenolic acids, two lignans and a flavonol were characterised in only 14 min. The total content of the nine compounds in the root bark was generally slightly higher than that of the root and root heartwood, which has not been reported before. CONCLUSION The developed UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS method was proven to be rapid and comprehensive for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analyses of the characteristic triterpenoids in I. pubescens. The results may provide a basis for holistic quality control and metabolic studies of I. pubescens, as well as serve as a reference for the analysis of other Ilex plants. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency of Exacerbations in COPD : An Analysis of the SPIROMICS Cohort

Background—Current treatment strategies to stratify exacerbation risk rely on history of ≥2 events in the previous year. To understand year-to-year variability and factors associated with consistent exacerbations over time, we present a prospective analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort. Methods—We analyzed SPIROMICS participants with COPD and three years of prospective data (n=1,105). We classified participants according to yearly exacerbation frequency. Stepwise logistic regression compared factors associated with individuals experiencing ≥1 AECOPD in every year for three years versus none. Results—During three years follow-up, 48·7% of participants experienced at least one AECOPD, while the majority (51·3%) experienced none. Only 2·1% had ≥2 AECOPD in each year. An inconsistent pattern (both years with and years without AECOPD) was common (41·3% of the group), particularly among GOLD stages 3 and 4 subjects (56·1%). In logistic regression, consistent AECOPD (≥1 event per year for three years) as compared to no AECOPD were associated with higher baseline symptom burden assessed with the COPD Assessment Test, previous exacerbations, greater evidence of small airway abnormality by computed tomography, lower Interleukin-15 (IL-15) and elevated Interleukin-8 (IL-8). Conclusions—Although AECOPD are common, the exacerbation status of most individuals varies markedly from year to year. Among participants who experienced any AECOPD over three years, very few repeatedly experienced ≥2 events/year. In addition to symptoms and history of exacerbations in the prior year, we identified several novel biomarkers associated with consistent exacerbations, including CT-defined small airway abnormality, IL-15 and IL-8.
Comparison of different polishing methods on the surface roughness of microhybrid, microfill, and nanofill composite resins

AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different polishing methods on the surface roughness of resin-based composites subjected to a thermocycling procedure. METHODS A total of 192 specimens were divided into 24 groups, according to composite materials (Filtek Z250, Point 4, Renamel Nanofill, Filtek Supreme Plus, Renamel Microfill, and Premise) and finishing and polishing systems (Sof-Lex Pop On, Super Snap, Flexidisc, and Flexidisc+Enamelize). The specimens were subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles). RESULTS Filtek Supreme Plus showed the lowest surface roughness values before thermocycling. After thermocycling, Filtek Supreme Plus continued to have the lowest surface roughness, with a statistically-significant difference for the other materials. After thermocycling, there was no statistically-significant difference among all the polishing techniques studied. CONCLUSIONS The thermocycling was concluded as being able to change composite resins' surface roughness, whereas different finishing and polishing methods did not result in surface roughness changes after thermocycling.
Acculturation, Family Cohesion, and Mental Health Among Latinos Living With HIV on the U.S.-Mexico Border

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether acculturation to U.S. culture is associated with greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology through diminished family cohesion among Latinos living with HIV on the U.S.-Mexico border. Method: Baseline survey data were analyzed from a sample of Latinos seeking HIV care from a publicly funded HIV clinic in El Paso, Texas. We used a regression-based bootstrapping approach to test our mediation hypothesis. Results: A total of 248 Latinos living with HIV completed the survey, with 96.4% being of Mexican descent, 19.4% female (gender self-identification), and 63.7% nonheterosexual (sexual orientation self-identification). Family cohesion mediated the relationship between U.S. acculturation and PTSD symptom scores (a1 b1 = .03, 95% confidence interval [.01–.06]), an effect independent of acculturation to Latino culture. Conclusions: Acculturation to U.S. culture may negatively impact mental health through weakening family bonds in this vulnerable population.
Effort Testing and Symptom Exaggeration Testing Are Essential in Assessing Patients with Fibromyalgia for Disability

To the Editor: Fitzcharles, et al 1 point out that fibromyalgia (FM) patients with disability have more symptoms and require more medications compared to those who are working. The authors review well the broad issues concerning disability in this population. They rightly surmise that motivation to remain in the workforce may be lacking for some and may be influenced by the workplace environment — those with less-satisfying jobs will be less motivated to continue working. We think that issues of motivation and the high endorsement of symptoms … Address correspondence to Dr. R. Ferrari, Department of Rheumatic Diseases, Room 562, Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada. E-mail: Robertferrari9{at}gmail.com
Experimental optimization of wing shape for a hummingbird-like flapping wing micro air vehicle

Flapping wing micro air vehicles (MAVs) take inspiration from natural fliers, such as insects and hummingbirds. Existing designs manage to mimic the wing motion of natural fliers to a certain extent; nevertheless, differences will always exist due to completely different building blocks of biological and man-made systems. The same holds true for the design of the wings themselves, as biological and engineering materials differ significantly. This paper presents results of experimental optimization of wing shape of a flexible wing for a hummingbird-sized flapping wing MAV. During the experiments we varied the wing ‘slackness’ (defined by a camber angle), the wing shape (determined by the aspect and taper ratios) and the surface area. Apart from the generated lift, we also evaluated the overall power efficiency of the flapping wing MAV achieved with the various wing design. The results indicate that especially the camber angle and aspect ratio have a critical impact on the force production and efficiency. The best performance was obtained with a wing of trapezoidal shape with a straight leading edge and an aspect ratio of 9.3, both parameters being very similar to a typical hummingbird wing. Finally, the wing performance was demonstrated by a lift-off of a 17.2 g flapping wing robot.
Increased Cyclin D1 in Human Pancreatic Cancer Is Associated with Decreased Postoperative Survival

Cyclin D1 belongs to a family of protein kinases that have been implicated in cell cycle regulation. In the present study we characterized cyclin D1 expression in 6 cultured human pancreatic cancer cell lines and in normal and cancerous human pancreatic tissues. A 4.4-kb cyclin D1 mRNA transcript was present in all cell lines and in all pancreatic tissues. Cyclin D1 mRNA levels were 2.1-fold higher in the pancreatic cancers than in normal pancreatic tissues (p < 0.0002). Cancer patients with lower cyclin D1 levels (n = 16) had a median survival of 15.5 months whereas patients with higher levels (n = 16) had a median survival of 6.5 months (p < 0.007). These data indicate that cyclin D1 expression may serve as a predictor of postoperative survival in pancreatic cancer patients, and raise the possibility that treatment modalities blocking cyclin D1 activity may have a future role in the therapy of these patients.
Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017

Authors C. Hiemke1, 2, N. Bergemann3, H. W. Clement4, A. Conca5, J. Deckert6, K. Domschke7, G. Eckermann8, K. Egberts9, M. Gerlach9, C. Greiner10, G. Gründer11, E. Haen12, U. Havemann-Reinecke13, G. Hefner14, R. Helmer15, G. Janssen16, E. Jaquenoud17, G. Laux18, T. Messer19, R. Mössner20, M. J. Müller21, M. Paulzen11, B. Pfuhlmann22, P. Riederer6, A. Saria23, B. Schoppek24, G. Schoretsanitis25, M. Schwarz26, M. Silva Gracia12, B. Stegmann12, W. Steimer27, J. C. Stingl10, M. Uhr28, S. Ulrich29, S. Unterecker6, R. Waschgler30, G. Zernig23, 31, G. Zurek32, P. Baumann33
Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism Before and After RBC Transfusion in Infants Following Major Surgical Procedures

Objective: Although infants following major surgery frequently require RBC transfusions, there is still controversy concerning the best definition for requirement of transfusion in the individual patient. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of RBC transfusion on cerebral oxygen metabolism in noncardiac and cardiac postsurgical infants. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Pediatric critical care unit of a tertiary referral center. Patients: Fifty-eight infants (15 after pediatric surgery and 43 after cardiac surgery) with anemia requiring RBC transfusion were included. Interventions: RBC transfusion. Measurements and Main Results: We measured noninvasively regional cerebral oxygen saturation and microperfusion (relative cerebral blood flow) using tissue spectrometry and laser Doppler flowmetry before and after RBC transfusion. Cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction and approximated cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen were calculated. Fifty-eight RBC transfusions in 58 patients were monitored (15 after general surgery, 24 after cardiac surgery resulting in acyanotic biventricular physiology and 19 in functionally univentricular hearts including hypoplastic left heart following neonatal palliation). The posttransfusion hemoglobin concentrations increased significantly (9.7 g/dL vs 12.8 g/dL; 9.7 g/dL vs 13.8 g/dL; 13.1 g/dL vs 15.6 g/dL; p < 0.001, respectively). Posttransfusion cerebral oxygen saturation was significantly higher than pretransfusion (61% [51–78] vs 72% [59–89]; p < 0.001; 58% [35–77] vs 71% [57–88]; p < 0.001; 51% [37–61] vs 58% [42–73]; p = 0.007). Cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction decreased posttransfusion significantly 0.37 (0.16–0.47) and 0.27 (0.07–039), p = 0.002; 0.40 (0.2–0.62) vs 0.26 (0.11–0.57), p = 0.001; 0.42 (0.23–0.52) vs 0.32 (0.1–0.42), p = 0.017. Cerebral blood flow and approximated cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen showed no significant change during the observation period. The increase in cerebral oxygen saturation and the decrease in cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction were most pronounced in patients after cardiac surgery with a pretransfusion cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction greater than or equal to 0.4. Conclusion: Following RBC transfusion, cerebral oxygen saturation increases and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction decreases. The data suggest that cerebral oxygenation in postoperative infants with cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction greater than or equal to 0.4 may be at risk in instable hemodynamic or respiratory situations.
Summer Arctic sea ice albedo in CMIP5 models

Abstract. Spatial and temporal variations of summer sea ice albedo over the Arctic are analyzed using an ensemble of historical CMIP5 model simulations. The results are compared to the CLARA-SAL product that is based on long-term satellite observations. The summer sea ice albedo varies substantially among CMIP5 models, and many models show large biases compared to the CLARA-SAL product. Single summer months show an extreme spread of ice albedo among models; July values vary between 0.3 and 0.7 for individual models. The CMIP5 ensemble mean, however, agrees relatively well in the central Arctic but shows too high ice albedo near the ice edges and coasts. In most models, the ice albedo is spatially too uniformly distributed. The summer-to-summer variations seem to be underestimated in many global models, and almost no model is able to reproduce the temporal evolution of ice albedo throughout the summer fully. While the satellite observations indicate the lowest ice albedos during August, the models show minimum values in July and substantially higher values in August. Instead, the June values are often lower in the models than in the satellite observations. This is probably due to too high surface temperatures in June, leading to an early start of the melt season and too cold temperatures in August causing an earlier refreezing in the models. The summer sea ice albedo in the CMIP5 models is strongly governed by surface temperature and snow conditions, particularly during the period of melt onset in early summer and refreezing in late summer. The summer surface net solar radiation of the ice-covered Arctic areas is highly related to the ice albedo in the CMIP5 models. However, the impact of the ice albedo on the sea ice conditions in the CMIP5 models is not clearly visible. This indicates the importance of other Arctic and large-scale processes for the sea ice conditions.