Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developments and achievements at the TESLA test facility (TTF)

The TESLA Test Facility (TTF), under construction and commissioning at DESY International Collaboration, is an R&D test bench for the superconducting option for future linear electron-position colliders. TTF consists of an infrastructure to process and test the SC cavities and of a 400 MeV linac (Phase I), to be upgraded up to 1.2 GeV (Phase II). The infrastructure is fully operational and the first cryomodule of the three planned for Phase I has been successfully in operation since June 1997. Each cryomodule contains eighty nine cell. Cavities at 1.3 GHz. The planned performances (15 MV/m with a Q of 3 10/sup 9/) have been outreached. The achievements on cavity development and cryomodule design allow expected cavity operation at 20 MV/m (at least) in the second cryomodule, that is planned to be in operation by November 1998. The TESLA goal of 25 MV/m is expected for the last six modules. An overview of the facility and of the results obtained so far in the critical technologies are presented in this paper, with a particular focus on the superconducting cavities.
Phase Transformation, Microstructure and Magnetocaloric Properties in Polycrystalline Bulk Ni$_{50}$Mn$_{50-{\rm z}}$Sn$_{\rm z}$ Alloys

The martensitic and magnetic transformations in bulk Ni 50Mn 50 - zSn z (z = 11.5-15.0)Heusler alloys were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry measurement and the vibrating sample magnetometry technique and are described in correlation to the microstructure. It is established that increasing the Sn-content in this series leads to change the alloy microstructure very sensitively from a martensite phase (with distinct martensite strips) over z = 11.5-15.0 to the austenite phase as early as z = 15.0 at room temperature. The structural transition temperature has decreased from 411 K for z = 11.5 at% of the Sn content to a value as low as 196 K for z = 15.0 at% Sn content. An inverse magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been observed with aΔSM value 2.5 Jkg- 1 K- 1 at 273 K for z = 13.5 at % Sn-content.
Superlattices of Iron Nanocubes Synthesized from Fe[N(SiMe3)2]2

The reaction of the metal-organic precursor Fe[N(SiMe3)2]2 with H2 in the presence of a long-chain acid and a long-chain amine in various proportions produces monodisperse zerovalent iron nanoparticles. These Fe particles display magnetic properties that match those of bulk iron as evidenced by magnetic and Mössbauer measurements. The nanoparticles adopt a cubic shape with edges of 7 nanometers and are incorporated into extended crystalline superlattices containing nanocubes in close proximity and with their crystallographic axes aligned. These superlattices are formed in solution, precipitate in high yield, and may be redissolved and redeposited as two-dimensional arrays.
Association between obesity and self-reported diseases: Population-based study among adults in southern Brazil

Introduction: There are few population-based studies conducted in Brazil outside the major urban centers, the prevalence of overweight, obesity and associated factors in the up country cities remains not noticed. Particularly, the characteristics of this phenomenon are unknown in the mountain regions of Santa Catarina (state of the southern region), which concentrate the lowest economic and social development of the state, where culture, dietary habits and climate are quite peculiar. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of nutritional status and its association with self-reported diseases in adults of Lages, Santa Catarina. Methods: A cross sectional study including adults was conducted (n = 2022). Demographic information was collected as well as anthropometric measurements, through a number of interviews and physical examinations. The outcome of the study was the body mass index (BMI). The descriptive statistic was performed, as well as simple associations between BMI and the independent variables by sex. Correlations between BMI, abdominal circumference and self-reported diseases for men and women were tested separately. Results: The prevalence of normal weight, overweight and obesity among men was 41%, 39% and 19% respectively. Among women, the prevalence rates were 43%, 31% and 26%. It was observed that the obesity increase is correlated with low levels of education. The greater the BMI the more negative was the self-assessment of health. It was found a positive correlation between BMI and abdominal circumference, with diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure levels. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Lages, SC. Strategies involving the various sectors of the community should be considered to reverse this process.
Dangerous course of the brachiocephalic trunk and variations of arteries in the cervical region – a cadaveric case report

The variant anatomy of the branches of the aortic arch is of profound surgical relevance. Altered course of these arteries, if unsuspected, could lead to accidental injury to these vessels and subsequent hemorrhage. During routine dissection of a sixty-five year old female cadaver of Indian origin, we observed a rare compendium of vascular variations in the anterior cervical region. These included a high arch of aorta, an abnormally wide brachiocephalic trunk overlapping the left half of the cervical trachea, pre-tracheal (sub-isthmic) course of right subclavian and common carotid arteries, unusual origin of the left sided superior thyroid artery from the left common carotid artery and an accessory inferior thyroid artery originating from the aortic arch. The subsequent course of the right subclavian artery, though normal, was higher than would be expected in the supra-clavicular region. The accessory inferior thyroid artery ran dangerously close to the left tracheal border before it entered the lower pole of the left thyroid lobe. The clinical relevance and probable embryogenesis of such variations have been discussed. We feel it is imperative that the clinician be aware of such arterial deviations.
Reducing the Risk of Ventricular Fibrillation by Adding Sodium to Ionic and Non-Ionic Contrast Media with Low Iodine Concentration

To compare the fibrillatory propensity of low concentrations of contrast media (140 mg I/ml) the ionic, ratio 1.5, contrast medium meglumine diatrizoate, the non-ionic, ratio 3, medium iopentol and equimolar glucose (0.37 mol/l) were perfused into 35 isolated rabbit hearts. The three substances were compared at three levels of sodium concentration (0, 77 and 154 mmol Na+/l). Meglumine diatrizoate without sodium caused the highest frequency of ventricular fibrillation (91 %). Iopentol without sodium caused a significantly lower frequency of ventricular fibrillation (17%). Glucose without sodium caused no fibrillation. The addition of 77 or 154 mmol Na+/l significantly decreased the frequency of ventricular fibrillation of both meglumine diatrizoate (3 % and 6%) and iopentol (0%). Meglumine diatrizoate with sodium added caused a lower frequency of ventricular fibrillation than iopentol without sodium. At equal sodium concentrations (0, 77 and 154 mmol Na+/l) glucose caused smaller reduction in contractile force and heart rate than iopentol, and iopentol caused smaller reduction in contractile force and heart rate than diatrizoate. It is concluded that addition of sodium to ionic or non-ionic contrast media without sodium decreases the risk of ventricular fibrillation.
Sex differences in parental reaction to pediatric illness

The ‘Tend-and Befriend’ hypothesis claims that whereas the response of males to stress is Fight-or-Flight, females respond with Tend-and-Befriend. We tested this hypothesis with a sample of 110 couples whose children had undergone neurosurgery. Both mothers and fathers answered questionnaires measuring levels of tending, befriending, stress, anxiety, and depression. As hypothesized, mothers scored higher than fathers did on all measures. However, according to the Tend-and Befriend hypothesis, the sex difference in tending and befriending should be more pronounced in couples suffering from high-stress in comparison to couples suffering from low-stress. This hypothesis was not supported by the data. We suggest that the heightened tending and befriending of women is not a reaction to stress, instead it is a persistent maternal characteristic. Moreover, we suggest that maternal anxiety and depression result from a heightened maternal sensitivity, selected for caregiving. The study results imply that support interventions should be aimed mostly at mothers, since they experience more distress, in comparison to fathers.
Managing muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the elderly

Bladder cancer is inherently a disease of the elderly with the highest incidence occurring in the eighth decade of life. Approximately a third of the 70,000 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer in the USA in 2009 will have presented with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) requiring aggressive management. Left untreated, most patients with MIBC suffer significant morbidity and die of the disease within 2 years of the diagnosis. While radical cystectomy, the best treatment option for local control of bladder cancer, has been shown to be safe in the elderly, outcomes depend more heavily on the functional status of the patient than on chronologic age. The current literature suffers from a focus on chronologic age versus functional age in assessing outcomes, selection bias introduced by evaluating retrospective cohorts and limited data on outcomes of alternative treatment options in the elderly. In addition, a focus on disease-specific and overall survival leaves limited information regarding the quality of life of patients following aggressive management of MIBC. In this article, we review current issues regarding the definition of the elderly, summarize the reported literature on outcomes for elderly patients by treatment approach and discuss limitations and recommendations for the management of elderly patients with MIBC.
Health worker confidence in diagnosing and treating mental health problems in Papua New Guinea

Confidence in identifying different diagnostic categories of mental disorders by general health workers who provide the bulk of Papua New Guinea's (PNG) mental health care is vital for the country's provision of mental health care. Making a psychiatric diagnosis is complicated by PNG's diverse culture and estimated 800 distinct languages. These cultural-linguistic factors influence help-seeking behaviour and continued use of traditional treatment despite the introduction of western approaches to mental health care. The aim of this study was to determine the confidence of health workers in identifying and diagnosing different categories of mental health problems in this complex environment. A sample of 209 Papua New Guinea health workers from four geographic regions completed a questionnaire that assessed background levels of training and confidence in diagnosing a range of modern and culture specific diagnoses. Overall, respondents reported relatively little prior mental health training. Consistent with this were the relatively low levels of confidence for culture specific diagnoses (e.g. sorcery), but significantly higher levels of confidence with modern diagnoses (e.g. depression). The implications of the findings for training and provision of mental health care are discussed.
Power and Persuasion: Processes by Which Perceived Power Can Influence Evaluative Judgments

The present review focuses on how power—as a perception regarding the self, the source of the message, or the message itself—affects persuasion. Contemporary findings suggest that perceived power can increase or decrease persuasion depending on the circumstances and thus might result in both short-term and long-term consequences for behavior. Given that perceptions of power can produce different, and even opposite, effects on persuasion, it might seem that any relationship is possible and thus prediction is elusive or impossible. In contrast, the present review provides a unified perspective to understand and organize the psychological literature on the relationship between perceived power and persuasion. To accomplish this objective, present review identifies distinct mechanisms by which perceptions of power can influence persuasion and discusses when these mechanisms are likely to operate. In doing so, this article provides a structured approach for studying power and persuasion via antecedents, consequences, underlying psychological processes, and moderators. Finally, the article also discusses how power can affect evaluative judgments more broadly.
Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis: dermal amyloid deposits do not bind antibodies to amyloid A protein, prealbumin or fibronectin

The chemical nature of the dermal amyloid deposits in primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) was investigated using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Deposits of macular, papular and nodular PLCA showed potassium permanganate resistance of their affinity for Congo red dye, unlike amyloid A protein (AA) deposits, and did not bind antibodies to AA, prealbumin or fibronectin. Despite the frequent presence of immunoglobulins in deposits of macular and papular PLCA, there is no evidence that the amyloid fibrils are composed of protein AL. Although previous studies have identified keratin‐like material in deposits of macular and papular PLCA, the exact nature of the amyloid fibril protein in these conditions, and the mechanism by which tonofilaments of necrotic keratinocytes are trans formed into amyloid material in the papillary dermis, remain uncertain.
Employee Satisfaction and Theft: Testing Climate Perceptions as a Mediator

Employee theft of both property and time is an expensive and pervasive problem for American organizations. One antecedent of theft behaviors is employee dissatisfaction, but not all dissatisfied employees engage in withdrawal or theft behaviors. The authors tested a model of theft behavior by using an organization's climate for theft as an explanatory mechanism. They found that dissatisfaction influenced employee theft behaviors through the intermediary influence of employees' individual perceptions of the organization's climate for theft. The authors encourage organizations to pay attention to such climate elements and take action to alter employee perceptions if they reflect permissive attitudes toward theft.
Species-Specific Cell Wall Binding Affinity of the S-Layer Proteins of Mosquitocidal Bacterium Bacillus sphaericus C3-41

ABSTRACT The binding affinities and specificities of six truncated S-layer homology domain (SLH) polypeptides of mosquitocidal Bacillus sphaericus strain C3-41 with the purified cell wall sacculi have been assayed. The results indicated that the SLH polypeptide comprised of amino acids 31 to 210 was responsible for anchoring the S-layer subunits to the rigid cell wall layer via a distinct type of secondary cell wall polymer and that a motif of the recombinant SLH polypeptide comprising amino acids 152 to 210 (rSLH152-210) was essential for the stable binding of the S-layer with the bacterial cell walls. The quantitative assays revealed that the KD (equilibrium dissociation constant) values of rSLH152-210 and rSLH31-210 with purified cell wall sacculi were 1.11 × 10−6 M and 1.40 × 10−6 M, respectively. The qualitative assays demonstrated that the SLH domain of strain C3-41 could bind only to the cell walls or the cells treated with 5 M guanidinium hydrochloride of both toxic and nontoxic B. sphaericus strains but not to those from other bacteria, indicating the species-specific binding of the SLH polypeptide of B. sphaericus with bacterial cell walls.
Creation of media with prescribed permeability using the asymptotic solution of EM field scattering problem

Scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves by many small impedance particles (bodies), embedded in a homogeneous medium, is studied. Physical properties of the particles are described by their boundary impedance. The limiting equation is obtained for the effective EM field in the limiting medium, in the limit a→0, where a is the characteristic size of a particle and the number M(a) of the particles tends to infinity at a suitable rate. The proposed theory allows one to create a medium with a desirable spatially inhomogeneous permeability. The main new physical result is the explicit analytical formula for the permeability μ(x) of the limiting medium.
The ectodomain of HIV‐1 env subunit gp41 forms a soluble, alpha‐helical, rod‐like oligomer in the absence of gp120 and the N‐terminal fusion peptide.

The human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) envelope glycoprotein is composed of a soluble glycopolypeptide gp120 and a transmembrane glycopolypeptide gp41. These subunits form non‐covalently linked oligomers on the surface of infected cells, virions and cells transfected with the complete env gene. Two length variants of the extracellular domain of gp41 (aa 21–166 and aa 39–166), that both lack the N‐terminal fusion peptide and the C‐terminal membrane anchor and cytoplasmic domain, have been expressed in insect cells to yield soluble oligomeric gp41 proteins. Oligomerization was confirmed by chemical cross‐linking and gel filtration. Electron microscopy and circular dichroism measurements indicate a rod‐like molecule with a high alpha‐helical content and a high melting temperature (78 degrees C). The binding of monoclonal antibody Fab fragments dramatically increased the solubility of both gp41 constructs. We propose that gp41 folds into its membrane fusion‐active conformation, when expressed alone.
Implicit and explicit affective associations towards cannabis use in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and healthy controls

Background Cannabis use is common in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and this is associated with poor disease outcome. More insight in the cognitive-motivational processes related to cannabis use in schizophrenia may inform treatment strategies. The present study is the first known to compare implicit and explicit cannabis associations in individuals with and without psychotic disorder. Method Participants consisted of 70 patients with recent-onset psychotic disorder and 61 healthy controls with various levels of cannabis use. Three Single-Category Implicit Association Tests (SC-IAT) were used to assess ‘relaxed’, ‘active’ and ‘negative’ implicit associations towards cannabis use. Explicit expectancies of cannabis use were assessed with a questionnaire using the same words as the SC-IAT. Results There were no differences in implicit associations between patients and controls; however, patients scored significantly higher on explicit negative affect expectancies than controls. Both groups demonstrated strong negative implicit associations towards cannabis use. Explicit relaxed expectancies were the strongest predictors of cannabis use and craving. There was a trend for implicit active associations to predict craving. Conclusions The findings indicate that patients suffering from schizophrenia have associations towards cannabis similar to controls, but they have stronger negative explicit cannabis associations. The strong negative implicit associations towards cannabis could imply that users of cannabis engage in a behaviour they do not implicitly like. Explicit relaxing expectancies of cannabis might be an important mediator in the continuation of cannabis use in patients and controls.
Safety and Durability of Effect with Long-Term, Open-Label Droxidopa Treatment in Patients with Symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension (NOH303).

BACKGROUND Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) is associated with insufficient norepinephrine release in response to postural change. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and durability of efficacy of the norepinephrine precursor droxidopa in patients with symptomatic nOH. METHODS This multinational study consisted of 3 sequential phases: a 3-month open-label droxidopa treatment phase followed by a 2-week double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal phase, and a 9-month open-label extension phase in which all patients received droxidopa. Patients were adults diagnosed with symptomatic nOH associated with Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, dopamine β-hydroxylase deficiency, or nondiabetic autonomic neuropathy. Efficacy was evaluated using patient- and investigator-reported questionnaire responses and the orthostatic standing test. Safety was assessed through adverse event (AE) reports and vital signs. RESULTS A total of 102 patients received treatment with droxidopa. Initial improvements from baseline in patient-reported nOH symptom severity and impact on daily activities, evaluated using the Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire, exceeded 50% and were maintained throughout the 12-month study. Decreased nOH severity was also reflected in clinician and patient ratings on the Clinical Global Impression questionnaire. Standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures were increased from baseline throughout the study with droxidopa treatment. The most frequently reported AEs were falls, urinary tract infection, and headache. There was a low incidence (≤2%) of cardiac AEs (eg, first-degree atrioventricular block, supraventricular extrasystoles). CONCLUSIONS Long-term, open-label treatment with droxidopa for up to 12 months was generally well tolerated and provided durable improvements in nOH signs and symptoms.
A Decision Framework for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Site Selection for Residential Communities under an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment: A Case of Beijing

Electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) site selection occupies a prominent position in the development of the electric community to solve the hard problem of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. However, two critical issues have not been solved by the existing research. Firstly, the scope of EVCS site selection only considers the whole city, which deviates from the actual situation. Secondly, the uncertainty and hesitation of decision information is not well expressed. To handle the above problems, this paper builds a comprehensive EVCS site selection decision framework for Residential Communities (EVCSRC) with triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs). First of all, the distinctive index system of EVCSRC site selection factors including economy, social, environment, planning and feature portrait of residential communities is established. Then, the TIFNs is utilized for decision makers (DMs) to express the indeterminate information. Furthermore, a fuzzy Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (Fuzzy-VIKOR) is approach is utilized to rank the alternative EVCSRC sites. Finally, a case of Beijing is studied to demonstrate the validity of the proposed site selection framework. The result shows the EVCSRC site located at Sijiqing community in Haidian district should be selected as the optimal site. This paper presents a feasible and easy-to-use decision-making framework for investors.