Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Millimeter-Wave Multibeam Endfire Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for 5G Wireless Applications

A broadband multibeam endfire dual-circularly polarized (CP) antenna array using dielectric-loaded stepped slot antennas for millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications is proposed. First, a dual-CP endfire antenna element is designed for broadband mmWave applications. Additional loaded dielectric is utilized to improve the interelement isolation, the polarization purity, and the gain performance. Second, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding network is designed for multibeam array applications. The broadband $4\times 4$ SIW Butler matrix, interconnections, and transitions are designed and applied in the antenna array. Third, mutual coupling and its influence on the array performance are investigated. Additional air gaps between elements are designed for axial ratio performance enhancement. Finally, the proposed multibeam array is designed, fabricated, and measured. The fabricated prototype achieves wide impedance bandwidth of 29.3% with the interbeam isolation greater than 15 dB, and a wide axial ratio bandwidth of 22.5%. The proposed multibeam endfire dual-CP antenna array would be a very attractive candidate for 5G mmWave wireless applications.
Length-weight Relationships of Four Commercially Important Fish Species in Indonesia

Length-frequencies and length-weight relationships of the four economically important fish species Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppel 1837) , E. punctifer Fowler 1938 , Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus 1758) and Rastrelliger kanagurta
An Analytical Design Method for High-Speed VCSEL Driver With Optimized Energy Efficiency

A universal analytical design approach for laser diode drivers (LDDs) is presented and verified. All design parameters are derived analytically, taking the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) characteristics into account. Two optimization strategies are proposed. First, the power consumption is minimized for the highest achievable optical modulation amplitude (OMA) and extinction ratio (ER). Second, the highest achievable data rate (DR) is considered to maximize the energy efficiency. As a result, a simple differential amplifier can be implemented as an LDD to achieve energy efficiencies and DRs comparable or even higher than the one of more complex designs utilizing preemphasis, feedforward equalization, and pulse amplitude modulation. Therefore, drivers designed with this holistic analytical approach accommodate well the demands for high DRs, high energy efficiency, high compactness, high reliability, and low latency in future optical data links. A compact LDD is designed with an active area of only $0.15 \times 0.12$ mm2 in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. A DR of 40 Gbit/s with bit error rates $< 10^{-13}$ and an energy efficiency of 2.245 pJ/bit are achieved for an OMA of 1.1 mW and an ER of 10 dB using a 20-GHz 850-nm common-cathode VCSEL. The achieved values deviate less than 10% from the predicted ones, which clearly illustrates the effectiveness of the presented analytical approach. Further improvements are achieved by optimizing the modulation levels and the performance to the link requirements. At 45 and 30 Gbit/s, 1.8 and 1.17 pJ/bit are achieved, respectively.
C. Elegans Fatty Acid Two-Hydroxylase Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis by Affecting Heptadecenoic Acid Production

Background/Aims: The hydroxylation of fatty acids at the C-2 position is the first step of fatty acid α-oxidation and generates sphingolipids containing 2-hydroxy fatty acyl moieties. Fatty acid 2-hydroxylation is catalyzed by Fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) enzyme. However, the precise roles of FA2H and fatty acid 2-hydroxylation in whole cell homeostasis still remain unclear. Methods: Here we utilize Caenorhabditis elegans as the model and systemically investigate the physiological functions of FATH-1/C25A1.5, the highly conserved worm homolog for mammalian FA2H enzyme. Immunostaining, dye-staining and translational fusion reporters were used to visualize FATH-1 protein and a variety of subcellular structures. The “click chemistry” method was employed to label 2-OH fatty acid in vivo. Global and tissue-specific RNAi knockdown experiments were performed to inactivate FATH-1 function. Lipid analysis of the fath-1 deficient mutants was achieved by mass spectrometry. Results: C. elegans FATH-1 is expressed at most developmental stages and in most tissues. Loss of fath-1 expression results in severe growth retardation and shortened lifespan. FATH-1 function is crucially required in the intestine but not the epidermis with stereospecificity. The “click chemistry” labeling technique showed that the FATH-1 metabolites are mainly enriched in membrane structures preferable to the apical side of the intestinal cells. At the subcellular level, we found that loss of fath-1 expression inhibits lipid droplets formation, as well as selectively disrupts peroxisomes and apical endosomes. Lipid analysis of the fath-1 deficient animals revealed a significant reduction in the content of heptadecenoic acid, while other major FAs remain unaffected. Feeding of exogenous heptadecenoic acid (C17: 1), but not oleic acid (C18: 1), rescues the global and subcellular defects of fath-1 knockdown worms. Conclusion: Our study revealed that FATH-1 and its catalytic products are highly specific in the context of chirality, C-chain length, spatial distribution, as well as the types of cellular organelles they affect. Such an unexpected degree of specificity for the synthesis and functions of hydroxylated FAs helps to regulate protein transport and fat metabolism, therefore maintaining the cellular homeostasis of the intestinal cells. These findings may help our understanding of FA2H functions across species, and offer potential therapeutical targets for treating FA2H-related diseases.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a large Italian catchment area: a school-based population study within the ASDEU project

Abstract Aims This study aims to estimate Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) prevalence in school-aged children in the province of Pisa (Italy) using the strategy of the ASD in the European Union (ASDEU) project. Methods A multistage approach was used to identify cases in a community sample (N = 10 138) of 7–9-year-old children attending elementary schools in Pisa – Italy. First, the number of children with a disability certificate was collected from the Local Health Authority and an ASD diagnosis was verified by the ASDEU team. Second, a Teacher Nomination form (TN) to identify children at risk for ASD was filled in by teachers who joined the study and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was filled in by the parents of children identified as positive by the TN; a comprehensive assessment, which included the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition, was performed for children with positive TN and SCQ⩾9. Results A total of 81 children who had a disability certificate also had ASD (prevalence: 0.79%, i.e. 1/126). Specifically, 66 children (57 males and nine females; 62% with intellectual disability –ID-) were certified with ASD, whereas another 15 (11 males and four females; 80% with ID) were recognised as having ASD among those certified with another neurodevelopmental disorder. Considering the population of 4417 (children belonging to schools which agreed to participate in the TN/SCQ procedure) and using only the number of children certified with ASD, the prevalence (38 in 4417) was 0.86%, i.e. one in 116. As far as this population is concerned, the prevalence rises to 1% if we consider the eight new cases (six males and two females; no subject had ID) identified among children with no pre-existing diagnoses and to 1.15%, i.e., one in 87, if probabilistic estimation is used. Conclusions This is the first population-based ASD prevalence study conducted in Italy so far and its results indicate a prevalence of ASD in children aged 7–9 years of about one in 87. This finding may help regional, national and international health planners to improve ASD policies for ASD children and their families in the public healthcare system.
Online Bayesian NMF Based Quasi-Clean Speech Reconstruction for Voice Quality Evaluation Under Complex Environments

Voice quality evaluation under complex environments is an important part of Quality of Service. Recently, the non-intrusive evaluation is a challenging problem and is getting more and more attentive. Since the traditional non-intrusive evaluation has no knowledge of the original clean speech, it is expected to be underperformed the intrusive one. In this paper, a new non-intrusive method based on quasi-clean speech reconstruction and intrusive model is proposed to obtain better voice quality predictions. Moreover, to achieve an efficient model for the temporal dependencies of speech and noise and to improve the robustness for the actual non-stationary noisy environments, a new online Bayesian non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) based quasi-clean speech reconstruction algorithm is presented. In the proposed method, the noise basis matrix is updated utilizing the noise frames from the online noisy observation, and the quasi-clean speech is reconstructed using the Bayesian NMF. The final reconstructed signal is regarded as the reference of the modified Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) model to achieve the noisy speech quality. The experiment results show that the proposed method obtains a 0.895 correlation on NOIZEUS and ITU-T P-series Supplement 23 database, which is 10.1% outperforms non-intrusive standard ITU-T P.563.
Expression of peroxiredoxins in the human testis, epididymis and spermatozoa and their role in preventing H2O2-induced damage to spermatozoa.

INTRODUCTION High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have potential toxic effects on testicular function and sperm quality. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are enzymes with a role as ROS scavenger. The aim of the study was to reveal the presence and localization of PRDXs in human testis, epididymis and spermatozoa, and the protective roles of PRDX2 and PRDX6 in sperm motility. MATERIAL AND METHODS The presence and localization of PRDXs in the human testis, epididymis and spermatozoa were detected by immunohistochemistry, western blot and immunofluorescence. The effect of anti-peroxidative damage to spermatozoa was examined by adding H2O2 to the recombinant protein-treated spermatozoa. RESULTS There were strong signals of PRDX1 in spermatogonia and round spermatids; PRDX2 in the round spermatids; PRDX4 and 5 in spermatogonia; PRDX6 in Sertoli cells. PRDXs were also found in epididymal epithelial cells where the expression of PRDX1, 4, 5, 6 in the cauda was higher than in the caput of epididymis. PRDX1-6 immunoreactivity was found throughout acrosome, post-acrosomal region, equatorial segment, neck and cytoplasmic droplet, midpiece and principal piece. The H2O2-induced reduction in sperm motility was reversed by recombinant PRDX2 or PRDX6 in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS PRDX1-6 in the human testis and epididymis presented cell-specificity. PRDX2 and 6 are potential antioxidant protectors for human spermatozoa.
Efficient Embedding of Virtual Networks to Distributed Clouds via Exploring Periodic Resource Demands

Cloud computing built on virtualization technologies promises provisioning elastic computing and bandwidth resource services for enterprises that outsource their IT services as virtual networks. To share the cloud resources efficiently among different enterprise IT services, embedding their virtual networks into a distributed cloud that consists of multiple data centers, poses great challenges. Motivated by the fact that most virtual networks operate on long-term basis and have the characteristics of periodic resource demands, in this paper we study the virtual network embedding problem of embedding as many virtual networks as possible to a distributed cloud such that the revenue collected by the cloud service provider is maximized, while the service level agreements (SLAs) between enterprises and the cloud service provider are met. We first propose an efficient embedding algorithm for the problem, by incorporating a novel embedding metric that accurately models the dynamic workloads on both data centers and inter-data center links, provided that the periodic resource demands of each virtual network are given and all virtual networks have identical resource demand periods. We then show how to extend this algorithm for the problem when different virtual networks may have different resource demand periods. Furthermore, we also develop a prediction mechanism to predict the periodic resource demands of each virtual network if its resource demands are not given in advance. We finally evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms through experimental simulation based on both synthetic and real network topologies. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform existing algorithms from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liang-ieq1-2535215.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$31$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="liang-ieq2-2535215.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> percent in terms of performance improvement.
A Balanced Phase Shifter With Common-Mode Suppression

In this paper, a balanced phase shifter using coupled line with loaded transmission line is proposed, which is the first balanced passive phase shifter providing both differential-mode (DM) phase shift and common-mode (CM) suppression simultaneously. Furthermore, the proposed design can provide (30°–90°) phase-shift range with characteristic of the wide bandwidth. Compared with single-ended phase shifters, the proposed design can be directly utilized in differential system without additional baluns. Compared with the state-of-arts balanced passive phase shifters, the proposed one shows the advantages of the CM suppression, wider bandwidth, wider alternative phase-shift range, and simpler structure. Three DM transmission poles can be obtained to support the wide bandwidth. Complete theoretical analysis and discussion are given to guide the design. To verify the theoretic prediction, three prototypes are designed with the operation bandwidth for 30° ± 2.5° (60° ± 4.2° and 90° ± 5.5°) of 68% (70% and 73%), with the minimum insertion of 0.2 dB (0.15 dB and 0.27 dB), with the CM suppression better than 10 dB, and with the minimum return loss of 17.8 dB (18.5 dB and 15.1 dB), respectively.
Malwareless Web-Analytics Pollution (MWAP): A Very Simple Yet Invincible Attack

Malwareless Web-analytics pollution (MWAP) attack is a type of cross-site attack that has been recently identified and discussed in [1]. The main aim of this attack is to distort the Web-site access logs of the victim/target company, and through that also distort this company's Web-based data analytics as well as its overall business performance. The key characteristics of the MWAP attack is that it is very easy to execute, as it does not involve the use of any malware, and it can be preformed simply by luring a set of random third-party users into visiting a specially crafted decoy Web-page. From that point on, through the sheer process of the decoy Web-page rendering, the browsers of the third-party users end up turning into temporary bots that generate a slew of legitimate looking HTTP request towards the Web-server of the victim site. The goal of our work was to investigate how effective three representative types of Web-analytics solutions (AWStats, Google Analytics and DataDome) would be in detecting several different variants of the MWAP attack. Our obtained experimental results show that, unfortunately, all of these solutions fail to detect some select variants of the MWAP attack, while one of the solutions fails to detect all of the examined MWAP variants. These results are very worrisome as the trend towards malwareless attack vectors is expected to accelerate in the coming years and we are likely to start seeing an increasing number of real-world incidents of the MWAP attack.
Efficacy, functional outcome and post-operative complications of total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis vs. segmental colectomy in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer

The primary objective of the present study was to compare the choice of colectomy, i.e. total vs. segmental colectomy, in cases of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC/lynch syndrome), and to assess the efficacy, oncological safety, functional outcome and post-operative complications of total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis vs. segmental colectomy in HNPCC. A total of 289 patients who fulfilled the Amsterdam I and II criteria for HNPCC were included in the present study. The criteria for confirmation of the diagnosis were five micro-satellite markers, namely BAT25, BAT26, D2s123, d5S346 and D17S250. Group 1 included those patients who received their diagnosis in the years 2011–2013 and those in group 2 had been diagnosed in the years 2014–2016. The cohort had been subjected to two different types of surgery: i) Standard and extended surgery including total colectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis and subtotal colectomy and ii) segmental resection of the colon. Analysis of patient data indicated that in group 1, the extended resection was performed more frequently than in group 2 (68 vs. 34% of cases) and accordingly, segmental resection was less frequent (32 vs. 66%; P<0.001). In conclusion, the extensive rather than the segmental resection has been commonly performed several years ago, but at present, the surgical method of choice in cases of lynch syndrome is segmental resection. Trial registry no. QU/MR2011/CRC5, dated 21 March 2011.
Lipschitz Networks and Distributional Robustness

Robust risk minimisation has several advantages: it has been studied with regards to improving the generalisation properties of models and robustness to adversarial perturbation. We bound the distributionally robust risk for a model class rich enough to include deep neural networks by a regularised empirical risk involving the Lipschitz constant of the model. This allows us to interpretand quantify the robustness properties of a deep neural network. As an application we show the distributionally robust risk upperbounds the adversarial training risk.
Eocene Western European endemic genus Thaumastosaurus: new insights into the question “Are the Ranidae known prior to the Oligocene?”

Background Amphibians, due to their ecophysiological peculiarities, have a physiology dependent on environmental conditions and sensitively respond to their changes. Here, the oldest record of the genus Thaumastosaurus is described, whose fossil record known exclusively from Western Europe is discussed in the scope of the climatic changes of 33.5–40.5 Ma. Results In the present paper, the fossil remains of the genus from three localities in Switzerland (11 samples overall) have been studied and referred to the species Thaumastosaurus bottii. Its stratigraphic distribution has been revised and summarised. The studied localities present the stratigraphically oldest and the most eastern occurrences of the genus Thaumastosaurus. Eocene probable ranids (Ranidae indet./Rana sp./? Rana sp.) from Europe could be referred to Thaumastosaurus. Discussion Their first occurrence of ranids most likely coincides with a warm phase of the global climate at 40 Ma, as tropical conditions were prevailing in Europe. As a result of the gradual cooling of the global climate, the tropical conditions in Europe were replaced by drier open habitats towards the latest Eocene at 34 Ma, when the latest occurrence of the European endemic genus Thaumastosaurus is known. Taking the fossil record and the climate evolution of that time into account, it can be concluded that Thaumastosaurus represents one of the groups among the vertebrates that disappeared during the large extinction event at the Eo–Oligocene transition, known as the Grande Coupure. The fossil finds of the genus from the studied localities allow to refer the previously suggested Eocene true frogs to the genus Thaumastosaurus, hereby stating the arrival of the true frog family Ranidae by the genus Pelophylax in Europe from the east at the earliest Oligocene.
Millimeter Wave Radar Detection of Moving Targets Behind a Corner

This paper considers the location problem for Moving targets behind a corner. Exploiting multi-path and the algorithm based on phase comparison among the multiple channels can obtain the position of the target behind a corner. To localize the moving target, a scanning radar system with multiple channels is suggested. The false target range can be achieved by the fast Fourier transform(FFT) technique. In addition, the false target azimuth is derived via exploiting the phase differences between the return signals among the multiple channels. Due to false targets and real targets are geometric symmetry, true targets can be localized by the radar system. Finally the experiment results validate this method, and demonstrate the effectiveness.
End-of-Life Care Intensity in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Population-Level Analysis.

PURPOSE Intensity of end-of-life care receives much attention in oncology because of concerns that high-intensity care is inconsistent with patient goals, leads to worse caregiver outcomes, and is expensive. Little is known about such care in those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), a population at high risk for morbidity and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a population-based analysis of patients who died between 2000 and 2013, within 1 year of undergoing an inpatient allogeneic HCT using California administrative data. Previously validated markers of intensity were examined and included: hospital death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and procedures such as intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation at end of life. Multivariable logistic regression models determined clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with: hospital death, a medically intense intervention (ICU admission, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemodialysis, intubation), and ≥ two intensity markers. RESULTS Of the 2,135 patients in the study population, 377 were pediatric patients (age ≤ 21 years), 461 were young adults (age 22 to 39 years), and 1,297 were adults (age ≥ 40 years). The most common intensity markers were: hospital death (83%), ICU admission (49%), and intubation (45%). Medical intensity varied according to age, underlying diagnosis, and presence of comorbidities at time of HCT. Patients with higher-intensity end-of-life care included patients age 15 to 21 years and 30 to 59 years, patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and those with comorbidities at time of HCT. CONCLUSION Patients dying within 1 year of inpatient allogeneic HCT are receiving medically intense end-of-life care with variations related to age, underlying diagnosis, and presence of comorbidities at time of HCT. Future studies need to determine if these patterns are consistent with patient and family goals.