Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food Intake and Growth of Infants between Six and Twenty‐six Weeks of Age on Breast Milk, Cow's Milk Formula, or Soy Formula

ABSTRACT. In 59 normal infants attending well‐baby clinics, food consumption was registered until 26 and growth until 52 weeks of age. They were either breast‐fed or formula‐fed with a cow's milk product or a soy protein product. The average consumption of breastmilk was 746, 796, 722 and 689 g/day at 6, 14, 22 and 26 weeks respectively. Bottle‐fed infants received larger volumes, and at 6 and 14 weeks were the calculated total energy intakes significantly higher than in breast‐fed infants. No differences were seen between the feeding groups with respect to length and the sum of four skin folds. The soy formula‐fed children, who happened to be 200 g heavier at birth, had lower weight gains during the first 6 weeks than the other two groups. Thereafter, the average weights of the soy formula group did not differ from the other groups. At 3 months, the soy formula‐fed children displayed a slower mineralisation and maturation of bone, but the difference was no longer significant when re‐examined at 6 months. Formulas based on soy protein isolates seem to be acceptable as substitutes for cow's milk formulas in feeding normal infants.
Human ectonucleotidase-expressing CD25high Th17 cells accumulate in breast cancer tumors and exert immunosuppressive functions

Th17 cells contribute to the development of some autoimmune and allergic diseases by driving tissue inflammation. However, the function of Th17 cells during cancer progression remains controversial. Here, we show that human memory CD25high Th17 cells suppress T cell immunity in breast cancer. Ectonucleotidase-expressing Th17 cells accumulated in breast cancer tumors and suppressed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation. These cells expressed both Rorγt and Foxp3 genes and secreted Th17 related cytokines. We further found that CD39 ectonucleotisase expression on tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells was driven by TGF-βand IL-6. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of localized breast cancer revealed that high-tumor infiltration by IL-17+ cells was associated with a poor clinical outcome and impeded the favorable effect of high CD8+ infiltration. Altogether, these findings suggest that intratumoral Th17 cells compromise anticancer immune responses in breast cancer patients.
Late-life sibling relationships: does race affect typological distribution?

Using a typology of sibling relationships in old age (Gold, 1989a), effects of race on distribution of relationships were studied. Differences between elderly white and black sibling pairs on several dimensions were also examined. Analyses of interview data suggest that race is systematically related to distribution, but that other demographic variables do not significantly affect the distribution of dyads among categories in the typology. Using log linear models, it was shown that the interaction between race, type, and dyadic gender composition was significant. Data also suggest that black dyads are represented more frequently in the positive categories, and white dyads are more likely to be categorized as "apathetic" or "hostile. "
Conserved Stem II of the Box C / D Motif Is Essential for Nucleolar Localization and Is Required , Along with the 15 . 5 K Protein , for the Hierarchical Assembly of the Box C / D snoRNP

The 5 stem-loop of the U4 snRNA and the box C/D motif of the box C/D snoRNAs can both be folded into a similar stem-internal loop-stem structure that binds the 15.5K protein. The homologous proteins NOP56 and NOP58 and 61K (hPrp31) associate with the box C/D snoRNPs and the U4/U6 snRNP, respectively. This raises the intriguing question of how the two homologous RNP complexes specifically assemble onto similar RNAs. Here we investigate the requirements for the specific binding of the individual snoRNP proteins to the U14 box C/D snoRNPs in vitro. This revealed that the binding of 15.5K to the box C/D motif is essential for the association of the remaining snoRNP-associated proteins, namely, NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, and the nucleoplasmic proteins TIP48 and TIP49. Stem II of the box C/D motif, in contrast to the U4 5 stem-loop, is highly conserved, and we show that this sequence is responsible for the binding of NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, TIP48, and TIP49, but not of 15.5K, to the snoRNA. Indeed, the sequence of stem II was essential for nucleolar localization of U14 snoRNA microinjected into HeLa cells. Thus, the conserved sequence of stem II determines the specific assembly of the box C/D snoRNP.
Biliary atresia splenic malformation syndrome: an etiologic and prognostic subgroup.

BACKGROUND The polysplenia syndrome is the most common extrahepatic anomaly found in association with extrahepatic biliary atresia. This subgroup may have a different cause and a worse prognosis than do infants with biliary atresia alone, and this hypothesis has been tested by analyzing the King's College Hospital series. METHODS The case records of 308 infants treated between 1975 and 1991 for biliary atresia were examined for extrahepatic anomalies. RESULTS Twenty-three (7.5%) infants had polysplenia and biliary atresia. There were also four infants with other types of splenic malformation: two with double spleen and two with asplenia. The presence of other anomalies such as situs inversus and portal vein anomalies in all the categories of splenic malformation suggests that they formed part of a larger association for which we now propose the term biliary atresia splenic malformation (BASM) syndrome. There was no difference in age at presentation and in biochemical test results of liver function before operation between infants with BASM and those with biliary atresia alone. Four (15%) infants with BASM were born to mothers with diabetes (three insulin dependent and one with gestational diabetes treated by diet alone). There were no other cases of maternal diabetes in the series as a whole. Actuarial "survival" (death or transplant) of infants with BASM after initial corrective operation was worse than that in a control group without anatomic anomalies (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BASM syndrome appears to be a distinct subgroup in infants with biliary atresia. This subgroup may have a different cause and tends to have a worse prognosis than do control subjects. Whether this is caused by the presence of the other anomalies (e.g., cardiovascular anomalies), which are in themselves detrimental, is unclear.
A Simple Method for Home Exercise Training in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: ONE-YEAR STUDY

PURPOSE: The success of long-term exercise training (ExT) programs resides in the integration between exercise prescription and patient compliance with home training. One of the crucial issues for the patients is the understanding of appropriate exercise intensity. We compared 2 methods of home ExT, based on walking. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were recruited and underwent respiratory function, exercise capacity evaluation with a 6-minute walk test, and treadmill tests. Physical activity was monitored by a multisensor Armband (SenseWear, Body Media, Pittsburgh, PA). Patients were randomly assigned to 2 different home training methods and assessed again after 6 and 12 months; group A1: speed walking paced by a metronome, and group A2: walking a known distance in a fixed time. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients completed the study. All subjects showed a significant improvement in the 6-minute walk test after 1 year but the improvement was higher in A1 than in A2 (P < .05). Physical activity levels were significantly higher at T12 versus baseline only in group A1 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a metronome to maintain the rate of walking during home ExT seems to be beneficial, allowing patients to achieve and sustain the optimal exercise intensity, and resulting in greater improvement compared to simply using a fixed time interval exercise.
Severe Mental Retardation in Jordanian Children

ABSTRACT. The etiology of severe mental retardation has not previously been studied in Jordan. In a group of 203 mainly severely mentally retarded children born 1975–1985, we found the etiology to be related to two main factors: (1) sequele from high perinatal morbidity or meningitis in infancy leading to a combination of severe mental retardation and cerebral palsy; (2) a high degree of intermarriage and a high frequency of retarded siblings indicating that genetic causes of MR are common. The results underscore the importance of further development of antenatal and perinatal care, especially for poor people and the need of genetic councelling.
WASP-39b: a highly inflated Saturn-mass planet orbiting a late G-type star

We present the discovery of WASP-39b, a highly inflated transiting Saturn-mass planet orbiting a late G-type dwarf star with a period of 4.055259 ± 0.000008 d, Transit Epoch T0 = 2 455 342.9688 ± 0.0002 (HJD), of duration 0.1168 ± 0.0008 d. A combined analysis of the WASP photometry, high-precision follow-up transit photometry, and radial velocities yield a planetary mass of Mpl = 0.28 ± 0.03MJ and a radius of Rpl = 1.27 ± 0.04RJ, resulting in a mean density of 0.14 ± 0.02 ρJ. The stellar parameters are mass M� = 0.93 ± 0.03 M� ,r adiusR� = 0.895 ± 0.23 R� ,a nd age 9 +3 −4 Gyr. Only WASP-17b and WASP-31b have lower densities than WASP-39b, although they are slightly more massive and highly irradiated planets. From our spectral analysis, the metallicity of WASP-39 is measured to be [Fe/H] = −0.12 ± 0.1 dex, and we find the planet to have an equilibrium temperature of 1116 +33 −32 K. Both values strengthen the observed empirical correlation between these parameters and the planetary radius for the known transiting Saturn-mass planets.
Volarea – A Bioinformatics Tool to Calculate the Surface Area and the Volume of Molecular Systems

We have developed a computer program named ‘VolArea’ that allows for a rapid and fully automated analysis of molecular structures. The software calculates the surface area and the volume of molecular structures, as well as the volume of molecular cavities. The surface area facility can be used to calculate the solvent‐exposed surface area of a molecule or the contact area between two molecules. The volume algorithm can be used to predict not only the space occupied by any molecular structure, but also the volume of cavities, such as tunnels or clefts. The software finds wide application in the characterization of systems, such as protein/ligand complexes, enzyme active sites, protein/protein interfaces, enzyme channels, membrane pores, solvent tunnels, among others. Some examples are given to illustrate its potential. VolArea is as a plug‐in of the widely distributed software Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) and is freely available at http://www.fc. up.pt/PortoBioComp/Software/Volarea/Home.html.
Generation of activated sialoadhesin-positive microglia during retinal degeneration.

PURPOSE The retina contains a rich network of myeloid-derived cells (microglia) within the retinal parenchyma and surrounding vessels. Their response and behavior during inflammation and neurodegeneration remain largely undefined. In the present study, the behavior of microglia was closely examined during the onset of photoreceptor degeneration in the rds mouse, to assess their role in photoreceptor apoptosis. The results may have relevance to similar degeneration in humans (retinitis pigmentosa). METHODS Retinas from rds and wild-type CBA mice aged 8, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 30, and 40 days were examined immunohistochemically, with antibodies to macrophage cell surface markers, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), during the most active phase of the disease. TUNEL was used to assess photoreceptor apoptosis. RESULTS In the rds mouse, microglia proliferated in situ (PCNA), migrated to the subretinal space, and adopted an activated phenotype. Maximum microglial cells occurred at postnatal day (P)21, 5 days after the peak in photoreceptor apoptosis (P16). Microglia did not express iNOS, and nitrotyrosine was absent. Sialoadhesin was expressed on microglia from P14, and expression was greatest at P21. CONCLUSIONS During retinal degeneration, microglia are activated and express sialoadhesin. The temporal relationship between photoreceptor apoptosis and microglial response suggests that microglia are not responsible for the initial wave of photoreceptor death, and this is corroborated by the absence of iNOS and nitrotyrosine. Expression of sialoadhesin may indicate blood-retinal barrier breakdown, which has immune implications for subretinal gene therapeutic strategies.
Resistance to Voriconazole Due to a G448S Substitution in Aspergillus fumigatus in a Patient with Cerebral Aspergillosis

ABSTRACT A voriconazole-resistant isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus was recovered from an immunocompetent patient receiving long-term antifungal therapy for cerebral aspergillosis. A G448S amino acid substitution in the azole target (Cyp51A) was identified as the cause of the resistance phenotype. This article describes the first isolation of a voriconazole-resistant A. fumigatus isolate from an immunocompetent patient in Spain.
V5/hMT responds to the stereoscopic motion induced by binocular disparity: A preliminary fMRI study

Purpose: To identify the regions responding to the stereoscopic motion induced by binocular disparity and investigate the relationship between the response intensity of these regions and speeds of spatial motion. Methods: The stereoscopic stimulus applied Random Dot Stereogram (RDS) distributed as checkerboard and a series of continuous disparities formed a dynamic stereoscopic stimulus. Observer needed to watch some static stimuli and dynamic stimuli moving in depth direction. The speeds of dynamic stimulus consisted of three levels: 0.315 degree/s, 0.63 degree/s, 1.26 degree/s. The functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to sample the Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD) signals and identify the regions sensitive to stereoscopic motion. Results: The dynamic stereoscopic stimulus can activate the hMT/V5 in a stronger degree than static stereoscopic stimulus. Besides, the signal intensity increased with the speed. The most reasonable explanation is that a large number of neurons sensitive to spatial motion exist in this region. Conclusion: The study reveals preliminarily that the human cortex hMT/V5 processes the information of spatial motion.
Truncation mutations in ABCA1 suppress normal upregulation of full-length ABCA1 by 9-cis-retinoic acid and 22-R-hydroxycholesterol Published, JLR Papers in Press, August 16, 2002. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M200277-JLR200

Mutations in ABCA1 uniformly decrease plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and reduce cholesterol efflux, yet different mutations in ABCA1 result in different phenotypic effects in heterozygotes. For example, truncation mutations result in significantly lower HDL-C and apoliprotein A-I (apoA-I) levels in heterozygotes compared with nontruncation mutations, suggesting that truncation mutations may negatively affect the wild-type allele. To specifically test this hypothesis, we examined ABCA1 protein expression in response to 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) and 22-R-hydroxycholesterol (22-R-OH-Chol) in a collection of human fibroblasts representing eight different mutations and observed that truncation mutations blunted the response to oxysterol stimulation and dominantly suppressed induction of the remaining full-length allele to 5–10% of wild-type levels. mRNA levels between truncation and nontruncation mutations were comparable, suggesting that ABCA1 expression was suppressed at the protein level. Dominant negative activity of truncated ABCA1 was recapitulated in an in vitro model using transfected Cos-7 cells. Our results suggest that the severe reduction of HDL-C in patients with truncation mutations may be at least partly explained by dominant negative suppression of expression and activity of the remaining full-length ABCA1 allele. These data suggest that ABCA1 requires a physical association with itself or other molecules for normal function and has important pharmacogenetic implications for individuals with truncation mutations.
Thought Suppression and Mindfulness : A Randomized Controlled Study

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a brief mindfulness intervention on the constructs of mindfulness and thought suppression with undergraduates. The brief mindfulness intervention was comprised of both instructive and hands-on exercises that were manualized in a protocol. A randomized experimental design was utilized in this study. The independent variable (treatment) was deliberately manipulated and the dependent variables were assessed. A no treatment waiting-list control group was used. The 34 participants were randomly assigned to the two conditions and the assignment of treatment condition to groups was done randomly. The results of the study suggested that mindfulness could be increased while thought suppression could be decreased through the use of the brief intervention. This research is particularly meaningful since typical mindfulness interventions are of a longer duration.
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase is Associated with Serum Adiponectin, C-reactive Protein and Apolipoprotein B in Young Healthy Men

Several studies have reported an association between markers of liver injury, including elevated concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and prospective risk of type 2 diabetes. We therefore examined the relationship between ALT and AST on the one hand, and serum adiponectin and highly sensitive CRP on the other, both of which have been reported to be associated with prospective risk of type 2 diabetes; we also tested for variable components of metabolic syndrome in 198 male college students aged 18-20 years. ALT showed a positive relationship with percentage body fat (r = 0.19, p = 0.02), serum leptin (r = 0.21, p = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (r = 0.29, p = 0.0003), triglyceride (r = 0.28, p = 0.0004) and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.35, p < 0.0001) even after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Although there was a significant relationship with serum insulin, adiponectin (inversely), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol (inversely) and LDL particle diameter in simple regression analysis, significance disappeared after adjustment for BMI. In contrast, CRP (r = 0.16, p = 0.04) was associated with ALT after adjustment for BMI, although simple regression analysis revealed no association between the two. Relationships were smaller for AST, and significance disappeared after adjustment for BMI. Multiple regression analysis excluding lipid variables revealed significant and independent associations of ALT with adiponectin and percentage body fat. In a model including lipid variables, apolipoprotein B emerged as an independent predictor of ALT in addition to adiponectin and percentage body fat. These variables explained 29 % of ALT variability. In conclusion, serum ALT levels were associated with leptin and CRP as well as many components of the insulin resistance syndrome in young healthy men. Adiponectin, apolipoprotein B and percentage body fat emerged as significant and independent predictors of ALT. Since adiponectin and chronic subclinical inflammation have been reported to predict the development of type 2 diabetes and since abnormalities in apolipoprotein B metabolism occur in the early course of insulin resistance, these findings may be compatible with the association between liver markers and risk of diabetes.
Crossbreeding – An Important Part of Sustainable Breeding in Dairy Cattle and Possibilities for Implementation

Crossbreeding can improve the profit for most dairy producers if economically similar breeds are used. However, it is important to stress that crossbreeding cannot replace pure breeding. Pure breeding is a prerequisite for crossbreeding. The heterosis obtained from crossbreeding is an added bonus on top of the genetic gain created by pure breeding. The size of the bonus depends on the number and types of breeds involved in the breeding program. Most studies report at least a 10% increase in total economic gain per cow among F1 crosses between “unrelated” breeds.
A destination-preserving model for simulating Wardrop equilibria in traffic flow on networks

In this paper we propose a LWR-like model for traffic flow on networks which allows to track several groups of drivers, each of them being characterized only by their destination in the network. The path actually followed to reach the destination is not assigned a priori, and can be chosen by the drivers during the journey, taking decisions at junctions. The model is then used to describe three possible behaviors of drivers, associated to three different ways to solve the route choice problem: 1. Drivers ignore the presence of the other vehicles; 2. Drivers react to the current distribution of traffic, but they do not forecast what will happen at later times; 3. Drivers take into account the current and future distribution of vehicles. Notice that, in the latter case, we enter the field of differential games, and, if a solution exists, it likely represents a global equilibrium among drivers. Numerical simulations highlight the differences between the three behaviors and offer insights into the existence of equilibria.
The Harris-Galante porous-coated acetabular component with screw fixation. Radiographic analysis of eighty-three primary hip replacements at a minimum of five years.

The results of eighty-three consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in which a Harris-Galante porous-coated acetabular component had been used were reviewed after a minimum of five years. In all patients, the stated diameter of the acetabular component (the diameter printed on the packaging for the implant) used was equal to the stated diameter of the reamer (the diameter printed on the reamer) that had been used last in the preparation of the acetabulum. As there was little or no press-fit stability, stability was obtained initially with multiple transfixing screws. No component was revised because of loosening, and none were radiographically loose at an average of sixty-eight months and a maximum of seven years after the operation. There was no evidence of disruption of the titanium porous mesh, and no screw had bent or broken. Two sockets, however, had been revised because of failure of the liner-locking mechanism as well as disassociation of the polyethylene liner from the titanium-alloy shell. Lysis of bone occurred in only one patient, around one screw. Areas of non-contact (gaps) between the porous mesh at the periphery of the acetabular component and the bone were seen on the immediate postoperative radiographs of nearly half of the patients. New areas of radiolucency, which had not been seen immediately postoperatively, were identified at two years in forty-nine hips. These radiolucent lines were never wider than one millimeter and were most frequently located in zone 3 and, less frequently, in zone 1. At the time of the most recent follow-up evaluation, a progressive radiolucent line was identified around twenty-two components and a discontinuous radiolucent line was present in all three zones around eleven components. No continuous radiolucent line was identified at the mesh-bone interface of any component. These results are superior to our results with cemented acetabular components after a similar period of follow-up. A longer period of follow-up is needed before the importance of these thin radiolucent lines can be determined, but experience with cemented acetabular components indicates that progressive or extensive radiolucent lines, or both, may represent resorption of bone at the porous mesh-bone interface and this can lead to loosening of the component. Our data suggest that the technique used for implantation may be important not only for the initial fixation and ingrowth of bone, but also for the long-term durability of the fixation of a porous-coated acetabular component. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)