Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying the Effectiveness of Physical Education in the Secondary School (by the Example of Kazakhstan).

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the existing model of teaching physical training in secondary schools and the analysis of a game like method introduced to improve physical fitness of students. The authors substantiated the use of a game like method during physical training classes, which implementation should create prerequisites required for the optimization of physical development, physical preparedness and functional state of the student organism. Empirical research was based on the obtained difference in the level of physical training in the control and experimental groups. Students of the control group were trained according to the existing school curriculum. The experimental group was trained according to a modified program, which implied using the game like method and the increased number of training hours. The pedagogical experiment was carried out in three stages. Quantitative indicators were processed using two-factor variance analysis. The experiment was carried out among 1350 high school students. The application of two-factor variance analysis gave the possibility to determine that the curriculum-based physical training was favorable for the development of endurance, whereas the game like method was more suitable for the development of speed-strength and strength. Practical significance of the study lies in the fact that statistical data processing used by the authors of this research, will be helpful for coaches to verify the effectiveness of the existing curriculum in real time and to improve student sports achievements.
B REEDING SYSTEM OF L INUM RIGIDUM AND EFFECT OF HETEROSPECIFIC POLLEN FROM INTRODUCED E UPHORBIA ESULA

This study investigates the reproductive biology of, and effect of heterospecific pollen from introduced Euphorbia esula on, Linum rigidum, an annual plant native to western and central North America. Breeding-system studies revealed that L. rigidum is self-compatible, with similar pollination success, fruit set and seed set for flowers pollinated with self or outcrossed pollen. Untreated flowers not exposed to pollinators set seed, albeit at a lower rate than hand-pollinated flowers, indicating that L. rigidum can autonomously self pollinate. Experiments investigating whether heterospecific pollen transfer from E. esula interferes with pollination of L. rigidum indicated that large amounts of heterospecific pollen receipt 2 4 hours prior to conspecifc pollen receipt reduced fruit and seed production, but that small amounts of heterospecific pollen or larger amounts received immediately prior to conspecific pollen did not affect reproduction. Pollen of E. esula was observed to germinate on and penetrate into L. rigidum stigmas and styles. Nevertheless, Euphorbia esula is unlikely to interfere with L. rigidum’s reproduction because L. rigidum is self-compatible, capable of autonomous self-pollination, and unaffected by receipt of small amounts of Euphorbia pollen.
Applying additive modelling and gradient boosting to assess the effects of watershed and reach characteristics on riverine assemblages

1. Issues with ecological data (e.g. non‐normality of errors, nonlinear relationships and autocorrelation of variables) and modelling (e.g. overfitting, variable selection and prediction) complicate regression analyses in ecology. Flexible models, such as generalized additive models (GAMs), can address data issues, and machine learning techniques (e.g. gradient boosting) can help resolve modelling issues. Gradient boosted GAMs do both. Here, we illustrate the advantages of this technique using data on benthic macroinvertebrates and fish from 1573 small streams in Maryland, USA.
Growth and mortality of flagellates and non-flagellate cells of Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae)

Two cell types of the same clone of Phaeocystis globosa, solitary non-flagellate cells and flagellates, were grown in batch cultures under identical conditions. The non-flagellate cells had a shorter lag phase (1.4 versus 2.8 days) and a higher growth rate (0.72 versus 0.65 day -1 ) than flagel- late cells. The flagellates had a longer stationary phase (15.6 versus 9.5 days) and a lower death rate (0.07 versus 0.52 day -1 ) than non-flagellate cells. All differences were statistically significant. Biomass yield did not differ between the two cell types. The short lag phase and high growth rate of non- flagellate cells corresponds to field observations of rapidly developing non-flagellate Phaeocystis blooms that are typically observed in nutrient-rich environments such as temperate seas in spring. The flagellate cell type, with its longer stationary phase and lower death rate than non-flagellate cells, is better equipped for survival in oligotrophic environments. This explains why the flagellates of Phaeocystis are abundant after the spring phytoplankton bloom in temperate seas and in other nutrient-poor environments such as the open ocean.
Forage Preference and Grazing Habits of Cattle at the Eastern Colorado Range Station.

The purpose of this study was to determine what native forage species and parts of these species were selected and consumed by cattle grazing upon sandhill ranges. In addition, grazing habits of the animals were studied. It is an established fact that the chemical composition of range forage undergoes seasonal changes which may affect the nutrition of grazing animals (Hart, 1932; Stanley, 1938a and 1938b). Cook and Harris (1950) pointed out that preference for certain forage species was an important factor affecting the nutritive value of ingested forage. The need has been stressed for determination of botanical and nutritive composition of a grazing animal’s diet so that grazing and range supplementation plans can be made (Cook and Harris, 1950; Harris et al., 1952). The many studies initiated by researchers to determine the botanical and nutritive content of the diet of grazing animals follow three general lines of methodology similar to those recognized by Lucas (1950) : (1) nutritional methods, (2) observational methods, and (3) sampling before and after grazing. The work reported herein was ac-
Self-efficacy and depression in older adults: Differences between volunteers and non-volunteers

Volunteering has been found to play an important role in the lives of older adults. The general beneficial effects of volunteering have been widely established. However an investigation on the specific effect volunteering can have on older adults' perceptions of their abilities has yet to be established. It is important to investigate whether volunteering in later life is positively associated with one's perception of oneself or one's self-efficacy. Individuals with high levels of self-efficacy tend to believe they are more capable of handling stressful situations and are less likely to feel helpless and dependent and thus feel more confident of their ability to function independently. The present study investigates self-efficacy and depression among 87 older volunteers and 84 older non-volunteers. The present study contrasts volunteers and nonvolunteers on self-efficacy, depression, age and years of education as the hypothesised dimensions along which volunteers differ from non-volunteers. It is further hypothesised that self-efficacy and depression will be the two factors that best discriminate between volunteers and non-volunteers. The results of the present study support the hypothesis. It found that self-efficacy, depression and age discriminated between volunteers and non-volunteers and that self-efficacy and depression were the two factors that accounted for most of the difference. The results of the present study highlights the importance volunteering may have in fostering self-efficacy in older people. The present study, though exploratory in nature, has a number of important implications for promoting independent functioning in later life and improving the quality of life of older people. Self-efficacy & Depression iii
Spiritual and Religious Issues in the Aftermath of Suicide

Introduction: Spirituality and religion have only been marginally investigated in the experiences of the bereaved by suicide (or survivors of suicide). Aim: This article directly addresses two questions: In what way was spirituality or religion an issue for survivors of suicide? How were they helpful (or not) during their reconstruction process? Method: Research involved qualitative studies, carried out in Switzerland with 50 survivors of suicide using in depth-interviews. Data were analyzed according to grounded theory principles. Results: Suicide triggered questioning mainly about the afterlife of the deceased and of how transcendency relates to agency and responsibility in the suicidal act. Spiritual or religious issues play an important role in the process of reconstruction for survivors, notably in meaning-making and responsibility-clarifying processes, in forging a continuing bond with the deceased and in honoring their life and memory. Nevertheless, this role is complex and can either support or make the recovery difficult (or both). Conclusion: Mental health and social care professionals may support survivors’ resilience and their reconstruction process by valuing the constructive aspects of their spiritual and religious experiences and by taking into account the spiritual and religious struggles they face to offer effective support to survivors of suicide during recovery.
A Review Study of Risk-Return Relationship and Performance Measures Comparing Different Industry Sectors

The significance of risk-return relationship is advocated from both investors and organizations. Evaluating the relationship between expected rate of return and the risk of asset would help investors to make better and more accurate decision on investing in different industries. To this regards, the study reviewed the risk-return relationship and pricing methods, theories and empirical studies to develop a performance measures comparing different industry sectors. The empirical evidences were discussed within the scope of market risks and returns. Then, the theories and pioneer literature related to Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) was explored to show the relationship between expected return and systematic risk. Treynor Index, Sharpe Index, and Jansen Index as performance measures were extracted from CAPM model and the correlation were discussed between them. As of outcome, the study proposed a risk-return construct regards to develop better performance measures for industry sectors.
Tropical cyclone convection: the effects of a vortex boundary‐layer wind profile on deep convection

We describe idealized numerical model experiments to study the effects of a vortex boundary‐layer wind profile on the generation of vertical vorticity in tropical deep convection. Situations are considered in which there is either no vertical shear above the boundary layer or negative vertical shear appropriate to a warm‐cored vortex. Deep convection growing in these environments develops dipole structures of vertical vorticity in which the cyclonic gyre is favoured and persists longer than the anticyclonic one. The orientation of the dipole at a particular height is determined partly by that of the ambient horizontal vortex lines, which rotate with height, and also by the vertical advection of vertical vorticity from below.
BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF Eruca sativa Mill. LEAVES UNDER THE DIFFERENT PLANT NUTRITION BY NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM

Vegetables have a significant place in the healthy eating pyramid. It is recom- mended that vegetables should be consumed as often as possible to provide nutritional and biologically active substances. The aim of the present study was to determine the bio- logical value of the leaves of rocket as affected by different regimes of plant nitrogen and potassium nutrition. Plants were grown in a peat-based medium under greenhouse condi- tions. After harvest, the contents of L-ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, flavonoids, glucosin- olates and essential oil were determined in the rocket leaves. The average content of chlo- rophyll a + b per 100 g of rocket fresh biomass was 1.16 mg, while the L-ascorbic acid concentration - 92.66 mg. 100 g of dried rocket leaves contained on average 0.84 g of flavonoids and 0.15 ml of essential oil, while 1 g of dry plant material was characterized by the presence of 10.56 μmol of glucosinolates, on average. Potassium chloride proved to be an interesting source of potassium; its application significantly increased the concen- tration of glucosinolates in the rocket leaves. However, this form of potassium was not found to have a significant effect on the accumulation of L-ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, flavonoids, and essential oil. An increased rate of nitrogen contributed to a decrease in the content of L-ascorbic acid and glucosinolates. The presented results show that it is possi- ble to modify the chemical composition of rocket leaves by using an appropriate system of plant mineral nutrition.
Sport Mega-Events and Public Opposition

This article examines the diverse forms of public opposition, protest, criticism, and complaint in the United Kingdom on the staging of the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games in London. Our discussion draws heavily on empirical research, primarily fieldwork and interviews in East London with local residents, opposition groups, business people, politicians, and other stakeholders. The article is separated into three main parts. First, we explore the setting and political–economic context for London 2012. The main Olympic setting—the London Borough of Newham—features very high levels of poverty and ethnic diversity. We argue that London 2012 represented a form of “festival capitalism” that was part of a broader set of “New Right two-step” policies in poor urban areas, involving initial Keynesian investment, followed by a deeper and far-reaching array of neo-liberal measures. Second, in the main part of the article, we identify and examine, in turn, six forms of public conflict, criticism, and complaint that centered on the Games, specifically national criticisms (e.g., on distribution of Olympic resources), local criticisms (e.g., on lack of jobs and business benefits), issue-specific campaigns (e.g., on the environment), “glocal” protests against specific nations and sponsors (e.g., campaigns against BP, Dow, and Rio Tinto), neo-tribal transgressions and situationist spectacles (e.g., mass cycle rides near Olympic venues), and anti-Olympic forums and demonstrations (e.g., critical web sites, multi-group marches). Third, we set out briefly the importance of conducting research into critics and opponents of sport mega-events, and discuss different arguments on how the social impact of protest movements might have been intensified at London 2012. The findings in this article may be extended to examine critical public responses to the hosting of other mega-events in different settings.
The role of teachers in inculcating moral values: operationalisation of concepts

Dealing with values and moral issues is recognised as an integral part of teachers’ roles. Especially in culturally heterogeneous societies teachers face multiple values that students and their families may hold. The study reported in this article explores different conceptions of teachers’ moral roles aiming to develop an instrument for assessing teacher beliefs about those roles that could be used in teacher development. Paternalist, liberal and social-relativist conceptions of teachers’ moral roles were operationalised using data collected in three focus groups with teachers from Bosnia & Herzegovina and Serbia discussing cases of school practices involving value-laden issues. Initial items for construction of a questionnaire for teachers were generated from teachers’ utterances to ensure ecological validity. Implications for teacher development and future research are discussed.
Accelerated cosmos in a nonextensive setup

Here, we consider a flat FRW universe whose its horizon entropy meets the R\'enyi entropy of non-extensive systems. In our model, the ordinary energy-momentum conservation law is not always valid. By applying the Clausius relation as well as the Cai-Kim temperature to the apparent horizon of a flat FRW universe, we obtain modified Friedmann equations. Fitting the model to the observational data on current accelerated universe, some values for the model parameters are also addressed. Our study shows that the current accelerating phase of universe expansion may be described by a geometrical fluid, originated from the non-extensive aspects of geometry, which models a varying dark energy source interacting with matter field in the Rastall way. Moreover, our results indicate that the probable non-extensive features of spacetime may also be used to model a varying dark energy source which does not interact with matter field, and is compatible with the current accelerated phase of universe.
Performance development of broiler chickens fed diets containing the seeds of Silybum marianum L. and Thymus vulgaris L.

Several plants and herbs such as thistle seed (Silybum marianum L.) and thyme seed (Thymus vulgaris L.) have been used directly or indirectly for the treatment of various human and animal ailments (Jacobs et al., 2002). Silymarin is a flavonoid found in the seeds of the herb known as milk thistle (MT). The main components of the silymarin complex are silybin and silibinin (Tedesco et al., 2004). Silymarin is a powerful Journal of Herbal Drug
DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOPHYTIC FRANKIA SPORANGIA IN FIELD‐ AND LABORATORY‐GROWN NODULES OF COMPTONIA PEREGRINA AND MYRICA GALE

Field-collected nodules of Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. and Myrica gale L. (Myricaceae), infected by the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia sp. , were of two types: those that lacked sporangia entirely, designated sporef-), and those that showed extensive sporangial development, designated spore(+). In spore(+) nodules of C. peregrina, sporangia began to develop after the differentiation of endophytic vesicles and the concomitant onset of nitrogenase activity. At the onset of sporangial differentiation, infected host cells appeared healthy. However, endophytic vesicles and host cell cytoplasm and nuclei began to senesce rapidly as sporangia developed. Staining of sectioned material with the fluorescent stain Calcofluor White suggested that vesicles, hyphae and young sporangia were enclosed within a host-derived encapsulation layer, but mature sporangia were no longer encapsulated. In both C. peregrina and M. gale, vesicles were more short-lived in spore(+) than in sporef-) nodules. Field-collected spore(+) M. gale nodules exhibited a pronounced seasonality of sporangial formation. Sporangia began to differentiate in June, after the formation of vesicles and became more prominent in late summer. Inter- and intraspecific cross-inoculations suggest that the ability to form sporangia in the symbiotic state is controlled by endophytic strain type rather than host genotype or host/ endophyte combination. The host may, however, influence the number and seasonal appearance of sporangia formed. MEMBERS of the genus Frankia, soil-inhabiting actinomycetes, are capable of infecting the roots of woody plants belonging to eight dicotyledonous families, and of inducing the formation of nodules (Bond, 1976; Torrey, 1978). These nodules are specialized symbiotic organs in which the endophyte, Frankia, fixes atmospheric nitrogen which is then available to the host in reduced form. That Frankia is a pleomorphic organism capable of diffierentiating both vesicles and sporangia from its hyphae, was known long before it was first successfully isolated from nodules (Callaham, Del Tredici and Torrey 1978) or characterized as an actinomycete. Schaede (1933) first noticed that nodules ob
Eligibility Criteria to Natalizumab Therapy in Patients with RelapsingremittingMultiple Sclerosis: A Real-life Study in an Italian Population-basedCohort

Background: Many patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) show a suboptimal response to first-line disease-modifying drugs. In these patients treatment with natalizumab is highly effective, however its use has been limited due to safety concerns. Objective: To evaluate the consistency between the eligibility to natalizumab according to Italian Drug Agency (AIFA), European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria, and its use in clinical practice. Methods: Medical records of 402 patients from four Italian MS Centres were reviewed to identify patients eligible to natalizumab according to AIFA, EMA, and FDA criteria and verify how many of them were currently treated or had been previously treated in practice. Results: Of 316 RRMS patients, 13.3% were currently or had been previously treated with natalizumab, while additional 7.0%, 14.2%, and 27.2% were not receiving the drug although they were eligible according to AIFA, EMA, and FDA criteria, respectively. Compared to patients treated with natalizumab, subject who were eligible but remained untreated were older and with shorter education. Conclusion: In a cohort of RRMS patients, 20.3%, 27.5%, and 40.5% were eligible to natalizumab according to AIFA, EMA, and FDA, respectively, although only part of them were actually treated.
The effect of social popularities on linguistic categorization

This paper adopts the category game model that simulates the coevolution of categories and their word labels to explore the effect of social structure on linguistic categorization. Instead of detailed social connections, we adopt social popularities, the probabilities with which individuals participate into language games, to denote quantitatively the general characteristics of social structures. The simulation results show that a certain degree of social scaling could accelerate the categorization process, while a much high degree of social scaling will greatly delay this process.
Some phenotypic selection criteria to improve seed yield and essential oil percentage of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. Dulce).

The research was aimed to determine relationships between seed yield and some yield components of 20 sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var dulce) lines. The highest positive correlation (r=0.915) was recorded between biological yield and single plant yield. Plant height, number of branches, number of umbels and umbellets had a positive effect on single plant yield. One thousand seed weight was negatively correlated with essential oil percentage. The highest positive and direct effect on seed yield was shown by number of umbellets, while maximum negative and direct contribution to it was made by biological yield. In addition, single plant yield, plant height and one thousand seed weight affected seed yield positively. Single plant yield had maximum direct effect (32.95%) on essential oil percentage followed by plant height (24.60%) and number of branches (15.11%). In conclusion, it could be suggested that single plant yield, number of umbellets and plant height are good phenotypic selection criteria to improve seed yield and essential oil percentage of sweet fennel.