Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les mycoses buccales en court séjour gériatrique : Résultats d'une enquête chez 148 personnes âgées admises en court séjour gériatrique

La candidose buccale est une pathologie d'une grande banalite en geriatrie. Son retentissement sur l'etat nutritionnel est mal connu. Elle pourrait constituer dans une population de grands vieillards malades un facteur aggravant de la malnutrition proteino energetique. But de l'etude: Evaluer la prevalence de la candidose buccale dans une population de 148 personnes âges, admises en court sejour geriatrique, decrire les germes en cause, controler l'efficacite clinique et mycologique apres traitement de 3 semaines par Amphotericine B et rechercher une reprise de l'infestation un mois apres l'arret de ce traitement. Resultats: La clinique seule a une faible sensibilite specificite(<60%). La prevalence de la candidose buccale atteint 34% des patients, et Candida albicans est la levure la plus frequemment observee, la resistance aux imidazoles varie de 2 a 21%. La guerison clinique et microbiologique ne s'observe que dans 2 cas sur 3. Un mois apres la guerison constatee, 17 patients sur 26 ont encore un nombre de colonies par champs superieur a 10. Les facteurs favorisants de la mycose buccale sont une hygiene bucco-dentaire precaire (en particulier sur l'appareil dentaire veritable gite du Candida), un etat nutritionnel et immunitaire deficitaire et une reduction du debit salivaire, quoique ce dernier element ne soit pas statistiquement significatif. Conclusion: La mycose buccale doit etre consideree comme une veritable pathologie, marqueur d'un terrain malnutri et aux defenses immunitaires affaiblies. Le traitement vise en premier lieu a restaurer ce terrain, la decision d'y associer un traitement medicamenteux repose sur une confrontation clinico-microbiologique.
Community identity, governance, and resilience under agri-environmental shifts in two communities of southwestern Uruguay

ABSTRACT Since the beginning of the 21st century, rural communities in southwestern Uruguay have responded differently to agri-environmental challenges created by increases in the production of genetically modified crops. Resilience literature highlights the importance of community identity on local responses, but little has been explored about how economic and political aspects that characterize community identity influence community governance to address local environmental challenges. Based on historical texts, interviews with key informants, participant observation and analysis of reports from public meetings in two communities of southwestern Uruguay, this article explores how community identities were related to whether and/or how communities responded. Results from this comparative study highlight how economic and political aspects influencing community identity could either constraint or facilitate community governance and resilience.
Bone and Muscle Geometry in Female Adolescent Middle-Distance Runners

This study compared tibial bone and muscle geometry and total body and regional bone mineral content (BMC) in elite female adolescent middle-distance runners (n = 20, age: 16 ± 1.7 years) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 20, 16 ± 1.8 years) using magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Significant advantages were found in athletes compared with controls in bone and muscle geometric values for distal tibial cortical, medullary cavity, distal tibial total muscle and dorsi flexor muscle compartment cross-sectional area, and regional BMC. Results imply mechanical loads associated with middle-distance running might be beneficial to musculoskeletal health in adolescent females
CEO-CFO Relative Optimism and Firm Mergers and Acquisitions

Our paper examines two critical members in the top management “subteam” – CEO and CFO – in firms’ merger and acquisition (M&A) decision. We propose a concept of CEO-CFO relative optimism, measured by CEO’s optimism relative to CFO’s pessimism, to capture the subteam’s collective cognitive schema in attentional focus and information processing, and study their conjoined influence on corporate decisions. We posit that firms with high CEO-CFO relative optimism will undertake more acquisitions than firms with low CEO-CFO relative optimism because optimistic CEOs are less attentive to risk associated with acquisitions in the absence of CFOs high in pessimism. In addition, the role of CEO-CFO relative optimism in affecting M&A intensity is more pronounced when CFOs are board members at focal firms and firms face a dynamic external environment, because CFO’s opinions are more salient in these situations. Furthermore, acquisitions by firms with high CEO-CFO relative optimism will have a more negative influence on firm operating performance than those with low CEO-CFO relative optimism. Using a sample of U.S. public firms over the period of 2002-2013, we find empirical support for our arguments.
The role and contribution of Nurture Groups in secondary schools: perceptions of children, parents and staff

Many secondary schools are now establishing Nurture Groups, an intervention primarily designed for infant school-aged children. However, there is little research indicating that this intervention can be applied effectively to secondary settings. The main aim of this research was to explore how Nurture Groups are implemented into the secondary sector and whether they can be a beneficial intervention for children with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. The implementation of three secondary school Nurture Groups was examined through the views of 17 secondary school staff and eight parents using focus groups, and six children who had attended the Nurture Groups through individual interviews. Findings indicated that secondary school Nurture Groups can be a valued resource and have benefits for young people. However, they often have a different emphasis from those originally devised by Boxall, because of the developmental differences between sectors. Recommendations for secondary school Nurture Group practitioners are provided.
Cancer Fatalism Among Elderly African American Women

Abstract Cancer fatalism has been identified as a barrier to colo-rectal cancer screening among the rural elderly, yet cancer fatalism may not be an all-or-none phenomenon, which suggests higher levels of cancer fatalism may have a more significant influence on screening behaviors. Therefore, this descriptive study attempted to differentiate higher and lower levels of cancer fatalism and to identify predictors of high levels of fatalism among 204 elderly African American women who attended senior citizen centers in a southern state. Data were collected using the Powe Fatalism Inventory, the Knowledge of Colorectal Cancer Questionnaire, and the Demographic Data Questionnaire. The scores among women with high levels of fatalism were twice as high as the other women's scores. These women also were older, had less education, had less knowledge about colorectal cancer, and were more likely to have lower annual incomes. Age, education, and knowledge about the disease predicted high levels of fatalism. More research is needed to identify additional predictors of high levels of fatalism and to establish trends in screening behaviors when fatalistic perceptions are present. To negate the influence of these perceptions, educational strategies should target both providers and patients.
Financial development and dollarization in Ghana: an empirical investigation

Abstract This study strengthens the frontiers of research on the drivers of dollarization in emerging economies by exploring the case of Ghana using the autoregressive distributed lag modelling framework. The data for the study spanned from January 2002 to March 2016. The evidence suggests that dollarization shares a common stochastic trend with exchange rates, inflation, interest rate differential, real output, and financial development. The analysis points to the important roles of exchange rate depreciation and financial development in the evolution of dollarization. Whereas depreciation induces a switch to the use of foreign currency, financial development diminishes the trend. Some policy recommendations to curtail the rising dollarization of the Ghanaian economy have been provided.
Essays on Monetary Policy, Stock Market and Heterogeneous Expectations

This dissertation investigates the relationship among heterogeneous expectations, stock prices and monetary policy. In particular, we attempt to answer the question on whether or not central banks should respond to stock prices other than to inflation and output gap. The first chapter presents a perpetual youth model à la Blanchard (1985) and Yaari (1965) following Nisticò (2012). This type of model generates a financial wealth channel through which stock prices fluctuations affect the dynamics of the aggregate consumption, and thus the equilibrium solution. We model expectations as in Brock and Hommes (1997) and De Grauwe (2011). Agents are boundedly rational, they adopt simple rules to make forecasts and evaluate their past performances using a fitness measure. The model generates endogenous waves of optimism and pessimism due to the correlation among beliefs. Moreover, the presence of this heterogeneity removes the classic trade-off between output gap and inflation typical of Rational Expectations models. We also show that, contrary to the Bernanke and Gertler’s (1999) prescription, central banks should respond to stock prices fluctuations. However, to be beneficial, this “leaning against the wind” strategy in the stock market has to be moderate. In the second chapter, we adopt the same baseline model of the first part. We build on Nisticò (2012) and allow for the inclusion of diverse beliefs following the Rational Beliefs theory by Kurz (1997). With respect to the previous work, beliefs are modeled at a micro-level and enter in the equilibrium solution. Although agents do not observe the true dynamics of the economy, they are still rational in the sense that their beliefs are compatible with the observable empirical distribution of past data. In this framework, stock prices fluctuations affect real economy through two different channels: the financial wealth channel and the expectational channel. We simulate the model under both Rational Expectations and Rational Beliefs. Contrary to Bernanke and Gertler’s (1999) prescription, we find that a mild “leaning against the wind” strategy in the stock market is beneficial for both output gap and inflation stabilization. Moreover, all results under Rational Beliefs exhibit a higher volatility and the magnitude of responses to shock is amplified by beliefs dynamics. Widespread optimism boosts inflation as well as output gap and can generate a bubble in stock prices. However, the effect on the real economy of such exuberance might be reduced by a more “aggressive” policy.
Online counseling : risks, benefits, and future development

Online counseling started becoming popular in the mid-1990's and is a popular source of debate right now. There are a number of risks and benefits that need to be evaluated by both the counselor and client when determining the appropriateness of online counseling. There seems to be a lack of research regarding how effective online counseling is, but preliminary research seems positive in supporting the argument that relationships can be formed when using online counseling. Some individuals may be more appropriate for online counseling and some problems may be helped more effectively. Clients and counselors need to be educated about the use of online counseling before beginning counseling using this particular medium.
How Formal and Informal Institutional Environments Affect The Way Greenpeace Fights Genetically-Modified Organisms in Europe and The United States

We applied institutional theory to examine the effect of differences in institutional pressures on strategic decisions of a non-profit non-governmental organization, Greenpeace, in its fight to stop the use of genetically-modified organisms. The effects of differences in institutional pressures were examined through examining differences between the United States and the European Union as well as between two European nations, France and Spain, in Greenpeace’s strategy. We suggested that formal and informal institutional pressures influence strategic decision-making in Greenpeace’s independent national units. We proposed that the US differs from the EU in both formal and informal institutional environments, Spain and France differ in the informal dimension, and these differences are reflected in Greenpeace’s strategies. We also argued that Greenpeace exemplifies the successful use of a transnational strategy and discussed that non-profits may be better able to adopt a transnational strategy than do for-profits. To cite this document: Stephen R. Luxmore and Clyde Eirikur Hull, "Are Non-Profits Better at Adopting a Transnational Strategy Than For-Profits? How Environments Affect the Way Greenpeace Fights Genetically-Modified Organisms in Europe and the United States", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.3, pp. 225-252, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.7903/cmr.17889
Aggregate Earnings and (Un)employment Rate: Evidence from Nigeria

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between aggregate accounting earnings of quoted Nigerian firms and (un)employment changes. This study examined the influence of selected macroeconomic variables on the relationship between aggregate earnings and (un)employment change. This study analyzes aggregated earnings of 101 quoted firms and (un)employment rate data from the year 2006 to 2017. Aggregated earnings yearly observations were used in this study, with each yearly observation equal to the cross-sectional sum of sample firms’ yearly earnings. Results show that corporate aggregate earnings growth is (negatively) positively and significantly associate with (un)employment changes. Selected macroeconomic indicators statistically and significantly influence the aggregate earnings growth association with (un)employment changes. Robustness of our analysis in this study allowed us to document in strong terms that in an emerging economy, corporate aggregate earnings significantly associated with (un)employment (i.e., as corporate earnings increases, more investment will be made, and job seekers will be employed thereby reducing the unemployment rate). One implication of our results is that aggregate accounting earnings contain information about (un)employment changes in Nigeria. Our results suggest that effective monetary policies aimed at reducing inflation and interest rate as well as enabling economic policies encouraging and efficient mobilizing of fund from surplus side to deficit side of the economy will reduce unemployment and lead to employment.
The Co-occurrence of Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Use for Adolescent Boys and Girls: An Investigation of the Role of Self-Regulation and Approach Behavior

While many studies have been conducted on adolescent depressive symptoms and alcohol use, much of the research has examined these behaviors separately rather than examining their co-occurrence within individuals. In the present study, adolescents (N = 4412; 49% female) were surveyed at four time points (grade 9, 10, 11, and 12) and growth mixture modeling was used to identify groups of individuals reporting various patterns of depressive symptoms and alcohol use across the high school years. Four groups were identified, including co-occurrence (higher depressive symptoms and higher alcohol use relative to peers, comprising 6.1 % of boys and 7.1 % of the girls in the sample), pure depressive symptoms (higher depressive symptoms and lower alcohol use; 12.7% of boys and 12.5% of girls), pure alcohol use (higher alcohol use and lower depressive symptoms; 20.9% of boys and 19.9% of girls), and low co-occurrence (lower depressive symptoms and alcohol use, 60.3% of boys and 60.5% of girls). Groups were compared on self-regulatory (i.e., delay of gratification) and approach behaviors. For both boys and girls, delay of gratification was the strongest predictor of group membership, with the co-occurrence group scoring the lowest and the low co-occurrence group the highest. This finding emphasizes the importance of assessing delay of gratification in the identification of high risk youth.
Medical Classic: An Enemy of the People

An Enemy of the People could have been subtitled A medic against the majority. A damning indictment of bourgeois complacency, it was partly a response to criticism of Ibsen’s 1881 play Ghosts, which had scandalised contemporaries with its portrayal of a case of congenital syphilis in a well to do family. The furious reaction of both the conservative and liberal press to Ghosts was to Ibsen evidence of moral hypocrisy latent in late 19th century society. It provoked him into writing An Enemy of the People, which dramatises the unthinking reaction of the masses when confronted with uncomfortable medical truths. Set in a town on the southern coast of Norway, the play opposes the courage of a local doctor with the spinelessness of those who surround him. Dr Tomas Stockmann is medical officer of the town’s recently opened baths and a prominent figure in the community. The baths were something of a family project, devised and overseen by Stockmann and his brother Peter, the town mayor and chief of police. As summer approaches, many visitors are expected, drawn to the town by the healing properties of the baths. But the prosperity this is set to bring is imperilled when Stockmann reveals to his brother and a local newspaper editor that he has carried out research showing the baths to be “a sink of disease . a tremendous health risk. ” He explains how he has made “the most conscientious investigation possible,” fuelled by concerns over the high number of water borne conditions found in visitors to the baths, and has found the water to be contaminated by decomposing organic matter and vast quantities of bacteria. Stockmann is initially encouraged to make this information public and prepares a report for the local press, confident that his conclusions will be accepted by the local townspeople. When, however, it becomes clear that the problem cannot be easily overcome without large public expenditure, Stockmann’s findings meet with widespread opposition. Increasingly disaffected, Stockmann launches a fierce attack on the systems and authorities that control decision making in the town: “the swamp where the whole of our public life lies rotting. ” Shunned by the local newspaper and unwilling to change his stance in return for a peaceful outcome, he attempts to deliver his findings at a public meeting, which turns into a riot as the townspeople group together and refuse to hear him, denouncing him as “an enemy of the people. ” Ibsen’s antipathy to contemporary morality speaks through almost all of his plays. It found a particular target in the hypocrisy of the time towards uncomfortable medical truths. Ibsen himself seems to have felt something of Stockmann’s isolation, as is articulated at the end of play: “The strongest man in the world is the man who stands most alone. ”
Clinical characteristics and prognostic value of acute retroviral syndrome among injecting drug users

ObjectiveTo estimate the frequency of acute retroviral syndrome associated with HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDU), and to determine the extent to which acute retroviral syndrome predicts a faster rate of progression to AIDS and immunosuppression in this population. DesignProspective study of HIV seroconverters (median follow-up, 50.5 months). SettingSixteen clinical centres throughout Italy established to study the natural history of HIV infection. PatientsThree hundred and ninety-one IDU for whom the date of HIV seroconversion was established with a 9-month precision. Main outcome measures and methodsIncidence of acute retroviral syndrome with signs and symptoms that included fever (temperature >38°C) occurring within 6 months prior to the time of first positive HIV test, progression to AIDS, crude and adjusted relative hazard of AIDS using survival analysis techniques, and trajectories of CD4+ cell counts using a piece-wise linear regression model incorporating the degree of dependency of within-person measurements. ResultsOf 391 HIV seroconverters, 39 (10.0%) were diagnosed with acute retroviral syndrome. During follow-up, 13 seroconverters with acute retroviral syndrome and 24 asymptomatic seroconverters developed AIDS. The Kaplan-Meier estimates for the cumulative AIDS incidence during 4.5 years of follow-up were 26.8 and 6.5%, respectively; the relative hazard of developing AIDS for acute retroviral syndrome was 5.59 (95% confidence interval, 2.79–11.20) after adjustment for age, sex and year of seroconversion. Although CD4+ level within the first year from seroconversion was similar, the rate of CD4+ cell decline after 1 year from seroconversion was faster in individuals with acute retroviral syndrome than in those without this syndrome (P < 0.001). ConclusionsAmong HIV-infected IDU, a distinct acute retroviral syndrome is apparent and associated with a faster rate of clinical progression to AIDS and HIV-related immunosuppression.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Preserving Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes

Background: The incidence of type one diabetes is increasing. A diagnosis of type one diabetes comes with serious, lifelong implications including the need to inject exogenous insulin multiple times each day. Failure to adhere to a strict treatment regime can lead to microvascular and macrovascular complications involving the cardiovascular, vascular, renal and ocular systems. Current research is focused on the prevention of diabetes. More specifically, recent research addresses how treatment can be offered to slow disease progression and preserve pancreatic beta cell function. Can adjunctive treatment with vitamin D in patients with newly diagnosed type one diabetes preserve pancreatic beta cell function? Methods: An exhaustive search of medical literature was conducted using Medline-OVID, CINAHL, EBMR Multifile, Web of Science and NIH clinical trials using the keywords: Vitamin D, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and beta cell function. Relevant articles were assessed for quality using GRADE. Results: Three studies met inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. A two-part, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial with 25 subjects showed supplementation with 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 was safe, but showed no difference in stimulated C-peptide levels between treatment patients and placebo. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial with 34 subjects showed no difference in stimulated C-peptide levels between patients supplemented with calcitriol or placebo. Finally, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial with 38 patients showed a higher level of residual Cpeptide production in patients treated with cholecalciferol versus placebo. This study also demonstrated moderate evidence towards vitamin D supplementation and subsequent immune-protective benefits. Conclusion: Overall, there isn’t compelling evidence to show that Vitamin D supplementation can preserve pancreatic beta cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type one diabetes. However, it appears that there is modest evidence to show that vitamin D, specifically in the form of cholecalciferol, has the ability to slow the decline of residual beta cell function. Furthermore, it appears that supplementation with vitamin D is safe and could provide immunity benefits that have yet to be proven.