Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey of aircrew fatigue in a sample of U.S. Army aviation personnel.

BACKGROUND Recently published data on military aviation mishaps suggest aircrew fatigue remains a flight-safety problem. METHODS In the current study, a questionnaire was administered to 241 Army aviators and 120 Army enlisted crew members. RESULTS Inadequate sleep and/or insufficient sleep quality is reportedly adversely affecting on-the-job alertness. The requirements to work a variety of schedules and to travel/work away from home are likely contributing to less than optimal sleep quality; however, a number of personnel may be suffering from sleep deprivation due to intentional sleep restriction as well. The personnel surveyed in this study indicated they were sleeping less than 7 h per night, which is 1 h less than the amount recommended by sleep specialists. This insufficient sleep, combined with rotating schedules and other work demands, no doubt contributed to the perceptions of three-quarters of the present sample that fatigue is a widespread problem in the military aviation community. CONCLUSION These results indicate the importance of continuing to stress fatigue-reduction strategies in training and operational environments.
Credit Risk Model with Optimal Switching

We address a credit risk model with optimal switching in which a ﬁrm optimally switches between two different diffusion regimes. A default boundary and the switching thresholds are endogenously determined, and we examine how the triggers and credit spreads are affected by the differences in the regimes, investment reversibility, and switching costs. Conﬂicts of interests between equity holders and debt holders appear in the model. Furthermore, both over-investment and underinvestment problem are examined by comparing the switching triggers of an unlevered ﬁrm and a levered ﬁrm. Finally, our model resolves the problem of structural models pointed out by Jones et al. (1984), Huang and Huang (2002), and Eom et al. (2004), namely, the wide variations in yield spreads depending on the credit grade of bonds.
Hemorrhagic and Liver Disorders of Pregnancy

Maternal mortality is defined as “The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes” (Internal Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, code O95). During the past century, the maternal mortality ratio in the United States significantly fell from 850 deaths per 100,000 deliveries in 1900, to 7.5 deaths per 100,000 in 1982, and then increased to 17.8 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2009 (1); unfortunately, this ratio has continued increasing. The National Center for Health Statistics has reported that the maternal mortality ratio increased by 62% between 1990 and 2006, from 8.2 to 13.3 per 100,000 (2). There are currently renewed efforts focusing on hospital safety, early warning signs, and improved training for perinatologists to address maternal mortality and morbidity (3–5). Hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders are the major contributors to maternal death rates (6). Placental abruption, placenta previa, and accreta/increta/percreta disorders can become life threatening, and quickly pose a challenge for even an experienced obstetrician. Preeclampsia with severe features, including HELLP, can cause multiorgan failure including widespread coagulopathy. Appropriate care requires an efficient plan with the understanding of the unique complications associated with pregnancy and the gravid uterus. This chapter will focus on these conditions as well as imitators that are frequently equally morbid such as thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
The Effect of Conflict Resolution Strategies of the Primary School Principals on the Motivation of the Teachers (District Of Gebze Sample)

This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of the third party roles which are used for the solutions of conflicts by the principles of the primary schools on the performance of the teachers. Data collected from 47 principals and 256 teachers working in 15 primary schools in the district of Gebze, Kocaeli were used in this study. The findings of the research depict that while the school principals mostly hold the roles of mediator and facilitator, they are likely to avoid the roles of reconciler by force and laissez-faire (negligent). Role of the reconstructionist is also partly used by the principals.
Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxy-apatite on Ti6Al4V

In the present study, electrophoretic deposition of sintered and non sintered hydroxyapatite on Ti6Al4V has been carried out at a constant voltage of 30V for 5, 10 and 15 minute duration at different pH values of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 respectively for improving the property of coated layer. An uniform coating of hydroxyapatite (HAp) will results in a better cellular activity. As-received Ti-6Al-4V samples are polished by following the standard metallographic technique to prepare a scratch free surface. After coating under different processing conditions the surface are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological studies and x-ray diffraction technique for phase analysis. SEM images show that at lower pH value 1.5 and constant voltage 30V crack were not present at coating surface. Comparison between sintered (900˚ for 2 hrs) and non-sintered hydroxyapatite deposition and phase characterization analysis was done by XRD analysis. XRD analysis indicated that before sintering, some other compounds were present in HAp powder but after sintering they were not oxidized. The presence of chemical elements on the deposited surface was assessed by EDS. (Keywords: Ti6Al4V, Electrophoretic deposition, Hydroxyapatite, XRD, SEM, EDS )
Inclusion Complexes of Copaiba (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) Oleoresin and Cyclodextrins: Physicochemical Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs) is a technique that has been extensively used to increase the aqueous solubility of oils and improve their stability. In addition, this technique has been used to convert oils into solid materials. This work aims to develop inclusion complexes of Copaifera multijuga oleoresin (CMO), which presents anti-inflammatory activity, with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) by kneading (KND) and slurry (SL) methods. Physicochemical characterization was performed to verify the occurrence of interactions between CMO and the cyclodextrins. Carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of CMO alone as well as complexed with CDs. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the formation of inclusion complex of CMO with both β-CD and HP-β-CD by KND and SL methods. Carrageenan-induced paw edema test showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of CMO was maintained after complexation with β-CD and HP-β-CD, where they were able to decrease the levels of nitrite and myeloperoxidase. In conclusion, this study showed that it is possible to produce inclusion complexes of CMO with CDs by KND and SL methods without any change in CMO’s anti-inflammatory activity.
The prevalence of accentuated palmoplantar markings and keratosis pilaris in atopic dermatitis, autosomal dominant ichthyosis and control dermatological patients

The prevalence of keratosis pilaris and accentuated palmoplantar marking was evaluated in 61 patients with atopic dermatitis, 35 patients with dominant ichthyosis vulgaris and 247 other dermatological cases taken as controls. Our data showed that (1) these features are of no diagnostic significance for atopic dermatitis and (2) they are significantly more frequent in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris without associated eczema than in those with atopic dermatitis. Consequently, they should be considered as part of the phenotype of ichthyosis vulgaris rather than attributed to a concomitant atopic dermatitis as suggested by some. These findings should be taken into account when evaluating atopic dermatitis or ichthyosis. To assess the frequency of scaling under winter weather conditions, 155 control subjects were also examined for evidence of visible desquamation and 25.8% showed slight but definite scaling.
The addition of rituximab to anthracycline‐based chemotherapy significantly improves outcome in ‘Western’ patients with intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma

Some case reports and a Japanese series suggest benefit from the use of rituximab in patients with intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVL). Rituximab efficacy was evaluated in Western patients with IVL, comparing outcome of 10 patients treated with rituximab + chemotherapy (R‐CT) and of 20 patients treated with chemotherapy alone (CT). There were no significant differences in patients’ characteristics between the two subgroups. The addition of rituximab was associated with improved complete remission rate (90% vs. 50%; P = 0·04), event‐free survival (3‐year: 89% vs. 35%; P = 0·003) and overall survival (3‐year: 89% vs. 38%; P = 0·01). In conclusion, rituximab may substantially change the dismal prognosis of IVL.
Five Years of Progress on Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and other Cellular Proteins as Potential Targets for Antiviral Drugs

In 1997–1998, the pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (PCIs) were independently discovered to inhibit replication of human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and HIV-1. The results from small clinical trials against cancer were then suggesting that PCIs could be safe enough to be used clinically. It was thus hypothesized that PCIs could have the potential to be developed as novel antivirals targeting cellular proteins. Consequently, Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy published in 2001 the first review on the potential of CDKs, and cellular proteins in general, as potential targets for antivirals. The viral functions inhibited by PCIs, or their cellular targets, were then just starting to be characterized. The antiviral spectrum of PCIs and their effects on viral disease were still mostly untested. Even their actual specificity was not yet completely characterized. In addition, cellular proteins were not accepted as valid targets for antivirals. Significant progress has been made in the last 5 years in understanding the antiviral activities of PCIs and the potential roles of cellular proteins in general as targets for antivirals. The first clinical trials of the antiviral activities of PCIs and other inhibitors of cellular protein kinases have now been scheduled. Herein, we review the progress made since the publication of the first review on PCIs as potential antiviral drugs and on CDKs, and cellular proteins in general, as potential targets for antiviral drugs. We also highlight the major issues that still need to be addressed before PCIs or other drugs targeting cellular proteins can be developed as clinical antivirals.
Stock Market Consequences of the Suspension of the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Governor

The sudden announcement of the suspension of the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on the 20th February 2014 created mixed reactions among analysts and market participants in Nigeria and beyond. The objective of this study is to empirically establish the reaction of listed firms’ stock prices to the announcement of the suspension of the Governor of the CBN. Using the standard event study methodology on a sample of 104 out of the 122 listed firms that traded on the floor of the NSE on the fateful day, the study sought to establish the significance of abnormal return and cumulative abnormal return on the announcement day, and fifteen trading days after the announcement became public. The study found the presence of statistically significant abnormal return and cumulative abnormal return of –0.06 percent and –5.95 percent on the announcement day. It also established the presence of statistically significant cumulative abnormal return of approximately –6.91 percent fifteen trading days after the announcement. The study concluded that the sudden announcement of the suspension of the Governor of the CBN gave rise to a negative market reaction by listed firms in Nigeria, and the negative trend persisted for the fifteen trading days after the announcement. It was recommended that subsequently, policy makers should as much as possible avoid sudden announcements of the suspension or removal of the Chief Executive Officers (CEOS) of public institutions that have close links with the stock market. Where the need for such action becomes inevitable, the announcement should be preceded by the release of information that willminimize asymmetry between policy makers and the stock market.
Studies on the significance of positive bacterial semen cultures in male fertility in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE Early warning signals (EWS) of altered reproductive potential may be very important in the prevention and management of male infertility. The presence of bacteria in semen (bacterisemia) may be an EWS. This was evaluated by determining the incidence of bacteria in semen of males with fertility problems in Benin City by culturing their semen. METHODS Diluted semen samples were cultured on blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, nutrient agar, and sabouraud dextrose agar slants for the isolation of micro-organisms. Colonies of a single type of micro-organism (>10(3) cfu/mL) were picked for identification and sensitivity tests using antibacterial agents. Each semen sample was further processed for spermatozoal morphology and motility, presence of peroxidase-positive cells, and other accompanying cells. Correlative studies on the relationship between bacterisemia and semen/spermatozoa variables such as total number and motility were also done. RESULTS Pathogenic micro-organisms were present in 78/163 (47.1%) semen samples. The microbial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 35 (43.7%), Klebsiella species 22 (28.2%), Escherichia coli 9 (11.5%), and Candida albicans 6 (7.7%). The bacterial isolates were most sensitive to ceftazidime and pefloxacin, and least to amoxycillin and tetracycline. There was a positive correlation (r = .9774) between azoospermia in males and presence of Candida albicans in semen, as well as between the presence of micro-organisms and poor semen quality (r = .8563), and the presence of micro-organisms and reduced motility (r = .8246). CONCLUSION Presence of pathogenic micro-organisms in semen, which may be related to a breach in the integrity of the blood-testes barrier, may provide early warning signals of impairment of male fertility.
Plasmid transfer in Pediococcus spp.: intergeneric and intrageneric transfer of pIP501

Transfer of the broad-host-range resistance plasmid pIP501 from Streptococcus faecalis to Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus acidilactici occurred between cells immobilized on nitrocellulose filters in the presence of DNase. Expression of the pIP501-linked erythromycin and chloramphenicol resistance determinants was observed in transconjugants. Intrageneric transfer of pIP501 from a P. pentosaceus donor to various pediococcal recipients occurred at frequencies of 10(-4) to 10(-7) transconjugants per input donor cell. Intergeneric transfer of plasmid pIP501 from P. pentosaceus to S. faecalis, Streptococcus sanguis (Challis), and Streptococcus lactis was observed. Similar mating experiments showed no evidence for the transfer of the broad-host-range R-plasmid pAM beta 1 to Pediococcus spp. recipients.
The development of the Person‐Centred Situational Leadership Framework: Revealing the being of person‐centredness in nursing homes

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To implement and evaluate the effect of using the Person-Centred Situational Leadership Framework to develop person-centred care within nursing homes. BACKGROUND Many models of nursing leadership have been developed internationally in recent years but do not fit with the emergent complex philosophy of nursing home care. This study develops the Person-Centred Situational Leadership Framework that supports this philosophy. It forms the theoretical basis of the action research study described in this article. METHODS This was a complex action research study using the following multiple methods: nonparticipatory observation using the Workplace Culture Critical Analysis Tool (n = 30); critical and reflective dialogues with participants (n = 39) at time 1 (beginning of study), time 2 (end of study) and time 3 (6 months after study had ended); narratives from residents at time 1 and time 2 (n = 8); focus groups with staff at time 2 (n = 12) and reflective field notes. Different approaches to analyse the data were adopted for the different data sources, and the overall results of the thematic analysis were brought together using cognitive mapping. RESULTS The Person-Centred Situational Leadership Framework captures seven core attributes of the leader that facilitate person-centredness in others: relating to the essence of being; harmonising actions with the vision; balancing concern for compliance with concern for person-centredness; connecting with the other person in the instant; intentionally enthusing the other person to act; listening to the other person with the heart; and unifying through collaboration, appreciation and trust. CONCLUSIONS This study led to a theoretical contribution in relation to the Person-Centred Practice Framework. It makes an important key contribution internationally to the gap in knowledge about leadership in residential care facilities for older people. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The findings can be seen to have significant applicability internationally, across other care settings and contexts.
Global European Banks and the Financial Crisis

This paper reviews some of the recent studies on international capital flows with a focus on the role of European global banks. It presents a revision to the commonly held “global saving glut” view that East Asian economies (along with oil-rich nations) were the dominant suppliers of capital that fueled the asset price boom in many parts of the world in the early 2000s. It argues that the role of funding costs and a “liberal” regulatory regime that allowed for an unprecedented expansion of the balance sheets of European banks was no less important. Finally, we describe the aftermath of the crisis in terms of some of the challenges faced by Europe as a whole and European banks in particular.
A Novel Modular Stator Hybrid-Excited Doubly Salient Synchronous Machine With Stator Slot Permanent Magnets

This paper presents a novel modular stator hybrid-excited synchronous machine with stator slot permanent magnets (PMs). By regulating the field current, the magnetic field, and consequently the back electromotive force, as well as the average torque can be controlled. The existence of stator slot PMs alleviates the magnetic saturation and improves the flux regulation ratio. The frozen permeability method is employed to investigate the torque contributions by different magnetic sources. Possible stator and rotor pole combinations are illustrated, and the corresponding electromagnetic performances are evaluated with the finite-element method. It is revealed that 12-stator pole machines with 11- and 13-rotor poles exhibit superior average torque and lower torque ripple due to even-order harmonics elimination. Finally, a prototype with modular stator segments is manufactured to validate the analyses and simulations.
Influenza Vaccination Coverage Rate according to the Pulmonary Function of Korean Adults Aged 40 Years and Over: Analysis of the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Influenza vaccination is an effective strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality, particularly for those who have decreased lung functions. This study was to identify the factors that affect vaccination coverage according to the results of pulmonary function tests depending on the age. In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from 3,224 adults over the age of 40 who participated in the fifth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and underwent pulmonary function testing in 2012. To identify the factors that affect vaccination rate, logistic regression analysis was conducted after dividing the subjects into two groups based on the age of 65. Influenza vaccination coverage of the entire subjects was 45.2%, and 76.8% for those aged 65 and over. The group with abnormal pulmonary function had a higher vaccination rate than the normal group, but any pulmonary dysfunction or history of COPD did not affect the vaccination coverage in the multivariate analysis. The subjects who were 40-64 years-old had higher vaccination coverage when they were less educated or with restricted activity level, received health screenings, and had chronic diseases. Those aged 65 and over had significantly higher vaccination coverage only when they received regular health screenings. Any pulmonary dysfunction or having COPD showed no significant correlation with the vaccination coverage in the Korean adult population.
Detection of Approximal Caries in 5-Year-Old Swedish Children

The aim was to assess how accurately some commonly used risk factors/risk markers (predictors) for caries development could identify children with and without approximal caries as judged from bitewing radiography. Two hundred and sixty-seven consecutive 5-year-old children from two Swedish cities participated. Three experienced dentists examined the children. The predictors were the overall dmfs (decayed, missing and filled surfaces) value (canines and molars), the number of occlusal dmfs, the frequency of intake of between-meal sugary products, visible plaque on free smooth surfaces of second primary molars, toothbrushing habits and (before bitewing examination) an overall judgement by the examining dentist. The mean dmfs value without bitewing examination was 0.40 (SD = 1.22). Twelve percent of the children had at least one dentin lesion and 33% at least one enamel lesion that were detected from bitewing examination only. The gain from adding bitewing examination to clinical examination amounted to a mean of 1.2 approximal enamel and/or dentin lesions. The ability to correctly identify children with approximal caries from the predictors was limited; sensitivity ranged from 0.27 to 0.75 and specificity ranged from 0.41 to 0.93. The single best predictor was the dentist’s overall judgement with an average precision of 73%; average sensitivity for the presence of enamel and dentin lesions was 0.48 and for the presence of dentin lesions 0.66. The rest of the predictors added little to the predictive power. It is concluded that 33% of the 5-year-olds, representing a low caries prevalence population, benefited from bitewing examination. The ability to identify these children from the predictors was, however, limited.
Renal Lesions Induced by Ochratoxin A Exposure in the F344 Rat

Groups of 80 male and female F344 rats were exposed by gavage to ochratoxin A, a naturally occurring mycotoxin, at levels of 21, 70, and 210 μg/kg body weight for up to 2 years. Ochratoxin A induced nonneoplastic renal tubular epithelial changes consisting of cytoplasmic alteration, karyomegaly, degeneration, and cysts. Exposure-related renal tubular proliferative lesions included focal hyperplasia, tubular cell adenoma, and tubular cell carcinoma. Renal tubular cell adenoma occurred as early as 9 months in 1 high-dose male rat, and both adenomas and carcinomas were seen in males by 15 months. At the terminal sacrifice, renal tubular cell tumors were found in both male and female rats, but the response was more pronounced in the males. The incidence of renal tumors in the high-dose rats was the highest of any National Toxicology Program (NTP) study completed to date. In the high-dose males approximately one-third of the renal carcinomas developed metastases. This study demonstrates that ochratoxin A is a potent renal carcinogen in the F344 rat and suggests that contamination of feedstuff by this mycotoxin may pose a potential hazard to domestic animals and man.