Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empathetic Dialogue Generation via Sensitive Emotion Recognition and Sensible Knowledge Selection

Empathy, which is widely used in psychological counselling, is a key trait of everyday human conversations. Equipped with commonsense knowledge, current approaches to empathetic response generation focus on capturing implicit emotion within dialogue context, where the emotions are treated as a static variable throughout the conversations. However, emotions change dynamically between utterances, which makes previous works difficult to perceive the emotion flow and predict the correct emotion of the target response, leading to inappropriate response. Furthermore, simply importing commonsense knowledge without harmonization may trigger the conflicts between knowledge and emotion, which confuse the model to choose incorrect information to guide the generation process. To address the above problems, we propose a Serial Encoding and Emotion-Knowledge interaction (SEEK) method for empathetic dialogue generation. We use a fine-grained encoding strategy which is more sensitive to the emotion dynamics (emotion flow) in the conversations to predict the emotion-intent characteristic of response. Besides, we design a novel framework to model the interaction between knowledge and emotion to generate more sensible response. Extensive experiments on EmpatheticDialogues demonstrate that SEEK outperforms the strong baselines in both automatic and manual evaluations.
Is Faraday’s Disk Dynamo a Flux-Rule Exception?

In my view, the issue is that examples of magnetic induction can be analyzed more than one way, and whenever there is more than one way of doing anything, some people become overly enthusiastic for their preferred method, and imply that other methods are incorrect. As reviewed in Appendix A.17 below, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831 [74], and gave an early version of what is now called Faraday’s law in Art. 256 of [75]:
Optimal Multiple stopping and Valuation of Swing Options in Lévy Models

Swing options are options with many exercise rights of American type. That means that the option’s holder has the right of exercise or not exercise at many times under condition that he respects the refracting time that separates two successive exercises. Due to the complex patterns of consumption and the limited fungibility of energy, Swing options are usually embedded in energy contracts allowing flexibility of delivery with respect to both the timing and the amount of energy used.
CECL and the Credit Cycle

We find that that the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) standard would slightly dampen fluctuations in bank lending over the economic cycle. In particular, if the CECL standard had always been in place, we estimate that lending would have grown more slowly leading up to the financial crisis and more rapidly afterwards. We arrive at this conclusion by estimating historical allowances under CECL and modeling how the impact on accounting variables would have affected banks' lending and capital distributions. We consider a variety of approaches to address uncertainty regarding the management of bank capital and predictability of credit losses.
preliminary study on customer expectations of hotel hospitality : Influences of ersonal and hotel factors hmad

eywords: ommercial hospitality ustomer expectation otel marketing osting behaviour This study attempts to explain the influence of personal and hotel factors on the expectation level of hotel hospitality as well as to propose a scale to measure commercial hospitality for hotel services. A total of 101 local and international hotel guests were involved in the study. The results revealed that the expectations of hotel hospitality are influenced by personal factors such as gender, purpose of stay, nationality, and private domain of hospitality. The hotel’s star rating is the only hotel factor that might have strong association with hotel hospitality.
A two-stage model of orientation integration for Battenberg-modulated micro-patterns

The visual system pools information from local samples to calculate texture properties. We used a novel stimulus to investigate how signals are combined to improve estimates of global orientation. Stimuli were 29x29 element arrays of 4 c/deg log Gabors, spaced 1 degree apart. A proportion of these elements had a coherent orientation (horizontal/vertical), with the remainder assigned random orientations. The observer’s task was to identify the global orientation. The spatial configuration of the signal was modulated by a checkerboard pattern of square checks containing potential signal elements. The other locations contained either randomly oriented elements (“noise check”) or were blank (“blank check”). The distribution of signal elements was manipulated by varying the size and location of the checks within a fixed-diameter stimulus. An ideal detector would only pool responses from potential signal elements. Humans did this for medium check sizes, and for large check sizes when signal was presented in the fovea. For small check sizes however the pooling occurred indiscriminately over relevant and irrelevant locations. For these check sizes thresholds for the noise check and blank check conditions were similar, suggesting that that the limiting noise is not induced by the response to the noise elements. The results are described by a model that filters the stimulus at the potential target orientations and then combines the signals over space in two stages. The first is a mandatory integration of local signals over a fixed area, limited by internal noise at each location. The second is a task-dependent combination of the outputs from the first stage.
Relationship between corolla length and floral larceny in the South American hummingbird-pollinated Campsidium valdivianum ( Bignoniaceae )

Flowers with pink or red tubular corollas have been traditionally viewed as adapted for pollination by birds. However, tubular flowers frequently suffer illegitimate visits by nectar robbers. Campsidium valdivianum (Bignoniaceae) is an endemic hummingbirdpollinated climber with pinkish-red tubular flowers, which suffers high levels of floral larceny by a native bumblebee. We studied two populations of C. valdivianum in an Andean forest in South America and found that they differ significantly in their mean corolla length but not in their mean corolla width. The proportion of robbed flowers, as well as the mean number of holes per robbed flower was higher in the population with higher mean corolla length. Although robbing levels also differed between individuals within populations, corolla length was only significantly related to robbing frequency in the population with longest corollas. The positive relationship between corolla length and nectar robbing observed here might affect the fitness in this species and thus the direction and magnitude of selection of the floral trait.
Inequity Theory to Disproportionality Theorizing Racial Inequity in Special Education : Applying Structural

Despite decades of research examining the disproportionate representation of racial minority students in special education, our understanding of the complexity of disproportionality remains incomplete and much of the previous research was designed without a clear theoretical framework. This exploratory study applied a structural theoretical lens as a means of understanding racial inequity in special education across analytical scales, racial groups, and disability categories. The findings confirm differential risk of educational disability across racial groups. Based on the theory adopted, several hypotheses were tested regarding the relations of relative risk to district structural features, with conflicting results found.
Adaptive Control of Unknown Time Varying Dynamical Systems with Regret Guarantees

The study of online control of unknown time varying dynamical systems is a relatively under-explored topic. Motivated by the general impossibility result for unknown time varying dynamical systems, which states that sub-linear regret may not be achievable even for O (1) number of changes, we study the following question: can we achieve sub-linear regret with respect to a stronger notion of variability like the number of changes, which includes a very broad range of scenarios ? And under what system, information and cost structures assumptions can such guarantees be given ? We propose an online control algorithm that continuously updates its estimate to track the changes and an online optimizer to simultaneously optimize the control policy. We show that our algorithm can achieve a sub-linear regret with respect to a stronger notion of variability under two settings: (i) matched disturbance system with general convex cost functions, (ii) general system with linear cost functions. Speciﬁcally, a regret of Γ 1 / 5 T T 4 / 5 can be achieved, where Γ T is the number of changes in the underlying system and T is the duration of the control episode.
IMPACT OF AFFECT ON ORGAN DONOR INTENT 3 The Impact of Affect on Intent to Register as an Organ Donor in Mature Adults

The impact of affect on organ donor intent has been suggested in previous research and was investigated in the present study. An online survey was administered, via email, to mature adults to collect information about demographics, exposure, and attitudes towards the topic of organ donation. A two-part survey design was used with standardized pre-test and post-test questions to measure changes in attitudes in response to a combination of educational and affective material. A comparison of the pre-test and post-test scores showed an increase of 8.10% in positive attitudes towards the topic of organ donation. Exposure to a combination of educational and affective material had a positive effect on attitudes towards the topic of organ donation in a majority of mature adults.
EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING OF INTERFACIAL TENSION FOR INJECTED GAS + LIVE OIL SYSTEMS AT ELEVATED PRESSURES

Interfacial tension is a physical parameter which plays an important role in many processes in a number of industrial applications. In the petroleum industry, near-critical fluids recovery, gas condensate recovery, in particular by gas injection, wetting behavior, secondary and tertiary crude oil recovery, low surface tensions are very important to measure. These surface tensions (i.e. liquid/ vapor interfacial tensions) must be accurately known because of their dominating influence on capillary pressures, relative permeabilities and residual liquid saturations. These properties depend heavily on the density of the phases involved. One objective of this study was to develop an accurate measuring procedure for this system using the pendant drop method based on Iranian oil reservoir samples and its immiscible injecting gas at reservoir condition. Another objective was to study the behavior of the interfacial tension with pressure and temperature in a range of (101.35-31026.41 kPa) and (43.3-93.3oC). Since experimental measurements are often unavailable, expensive and time-consuming, models are regularly used. A new correlation for estimating of IFT was provided using non-linear multivariable regression method. This correlation uses density difference as input value, detailed comparisons show that validity and accuracy of the new correlation is in good agreement with experimental data set of Iranian oil reservoir fluids. Keyword: interfacial tension; pendant drop; correlation, gas injection; temperature; pressure.
To Buy or not to Buy: Antecedents of Fair Trade Apparel Purchase Behavior

Fair trade represents one of the most influential social movement that encourages sustainability and ethical consumerism in the past 20 years. While fair trade movement of apparel products is rapidly expanding, there is a dearth of understanding about the characteristics of consumers who regularly purchase fair trade apparel products. The purpose of the study was, therefore, to explore whether demographics, ethical traits, and individual characteristics such as clothing involvement helped predict fair trade purchase behaviors. Demographic variables such as gender, generational cohorts, education, and income were effective in predicting fair trade purchases. Ethical traits such as altruism, ethical concerns, and ethical obligation along with socially responsible attitudes were also able to differentiate fair trade purchase behaviors from non-purchaser behaviors. The final set of variables in a hierarchical regression model were price sensitivity, materialism, and clothing involvement. Among the individual characteristics, only the extent to which consumers were involved in clothing was associated with fair trade purchases. Investigating several sets of variables closely related to ethical consumption contributed to the literature in the context of fair trade consumer behavior.
osts of debt , tax benefits and a new measure of non-debt tax shields : xamining debt conservatism in Spanish listed firms osé

In spite of the fact that there is empirical evidence that debt tax benefits add to firm value, additional research is needed to explain the apparently conservative debt policy of many firms. This study examines whether the costs of debt and non-debt tax related issues might shed some light on the apparent “conservative leverage puzzle” for Spanish listed firms throughout the period 2007–2013. Specifically, we compare the costs of financial distress with the potential tax benefits of debt. In addition, we test whether debt conservativeness, measured by the kink, is explained by different costs of debt and nondebt tax shields. Our findings suggest that the most conservative Spanish listed firms may not be acting sub-optimally with respect to the tax advantage of debt financing. Furthermore, the results obtained are consistent with the belief that debt costs might offset the tax benefits stemming from debt financing, and debt and non-debt tax shields could act as substitutes. © 2018 ASEPUC. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Costes de la deuda, beneficios fiscales y nueva medida de escudos fiscales alternativos a la deuda: análisis del conservadurismo de la deuda en las empresas cotizadas españolas
The Ebb and Flow of Online Word of Mouth Completed Research Paper

The robustness of online reviews is an important but understudied issue. One way to approach this issue is to study how potential reviewers react to an observable aberration in aggregate ratings. We design two studies -an econometric analysis using archived Yelp data, and a randomized online experiment -to systematically examine the relationship between aberrations in aggregate ratings and volume and valence of subsequent reviews. Two studies consistently demonstrate an ebb and flow pattern of online WOM. Specifically, a positive aberration leads to a negative correction (rating down), and a negative aberration leads to a positive correction (rating up). On the other hand, we find mixed effects on volume of new reviews: the experiment suggests that a positive rating aberration boosts volume of reviews while a negative one reduces it; the observational data analysis shows a slight volume boosting effect by negative rating aberrations.
The Impact of Cryopreservation on CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 in Human Spermatozoa

Due to deteriorating quality of spermatozoa after cryopreservation, it became so inevitable to find solutions to maintain its quality so it can fertilize the oocyte. Therefore, the researchers’ focuses was directed toward the genes responsible for the spermatozoa movement and to assess whether or not they are sensitive to the cryopreservation process. CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 are defined as spermatozoa tail proteins which are involved in sperm motility. In fact, cryopreservation is known to cause damage on spermatozoa in many different aspects such as DNA, RNA, motility of spermatozoa and spermatozoa morphology. It was thus hypothesized in this study that CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 are genes responsible for spermatozoa motility and the possibility of being affected during the cryopreservation process is very high, which leads to a decrease in the spermatozoa ability to fertilize the oocyte. So, the purpose of my study was, hence, to investigate the levels of CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 proteins in human spermatozoa samples before and after exposure to liquid nitrogen (LN2) during cryopreservation process. In addition, to assess the CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 mRNA expression before and after cryopreservation stress. Finally, to determine the levels of cryodamage of CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 proteins in human spermatozoa during cryopreservation process in fertile and subfertile males. In total, 48 semen samples were collected and included in this study with a mean age of 36.75 ± 6.25 years. The results showed a decrease in the expression levels of CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 mRNA in the cryopreserved samples compared to the fresh samples, and this downregulation ranged between a fold change of 2.04–11.95 and 1.11–62.68 in the CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 genes, respectively. The differences in expression levels of CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 were significant, with P-values of 0.0039 and 0.0166, respectively, in the cryopreserved samples compared to the fresh samples using RTqPCR. In addition the levels of the CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 proteins were lower in spermatozoa of cryopreserved samples compared to fresh samples, with 0.44 ± 0.35 vs. 0.77 ± 0.25 (P ≤ 0.0001) and 0.58 ± 0.24 vs. 0.76 ± 0.09 ( P ≤ 0.0001), respectively. On the other hand, these results showed an association between the decrease in the levels of these proteins and fertility status. In conclusion, these findings may be used as markers to explain some of causes related with infertility problems. The findings of my study are remarkable because, according to the available information, this study is considered the first study to evaluate the effects of the cryopreservation process on the CatSper 2 and Tektin 2 mRNA and protein levels in human spermatozoa. Furthermore, the present study points to differences in these two proteins after cryopreservation in fertile and subfertile men.
Kinetic Modeling of Adsorption of Indigo Carmine (5, 5'-Disulfonic Indigotin) on Peat

The kinetic of Indigo Carmine (5,5'disulfonic indigotin, 5,5'-DI) adsorption on fibrous peat (FP) and decomposed peat (DP), have been investigated at different temperatures (283, 298, 313) K at pH 2. The effect of particle size was studied considering the variation of grain size of each peat (2000-850, 850-600 and < 600) nm. The fibrous peat shows higher adsorption capacity than the decomposed peat, while under the same work conditions. The kinetics of adsorption of 5,5'-DI is discussed using three kinetic models, the first-order Lagergren model, the pseudo-second-order model, and the intraparticle diffusion model. The adsorption of 5, 5'-DI onto peat proceeds according to the pseudo second-order model and the correlation coefficients were very close to 1. At 283, 298 and 313 K the maximum sorption, qmax,calc, for the initial concentration (Co = 4.05 × 10 -5 mol L) of 5,5 -DI were qmax,calc is (5.57, 7.92 e 8.29) × 10 -4 g g for fibrous peat and (5.29, 6.74 e 5.83) × 10 g g for decomposed peat. The intraparticle diffusion of 5,5'-DI molecules within the peat particles was identified as the rate-limiting step.
jmbReview Cellulosic Nanomaterial Production Via Fermentation by Komagataeibacter sp . SFCB 22-18 Isolated from Ripened Persimmons

Cellulose is one of the most abundant polymers in the world [1] and is composed of β-1,4-linked glucose units. It is generally synthesized by plants; however, bacteria are also capable of producing cellulose that is structurally similar to plant cellulose through fermentation [2]. This cellulose type is known as bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), which can be categorized as a cellulosic nanomaterial. It is produced by a number of bacterial species, including Acetobacter, Alcaligenes, Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Sarcina [3], which can be often observed during vinegar fermentation or fruit spoilage. However, the cultivation of cellulose-producing bacteria is inefficient since these bacteria require high oxygen levels and a long adaptation period, thereby resulting in high cost when produced on a commercial scale [4]. Hence, significant cost reduction by improvement of fermentation efficiency is required to make cellulose production a commercially viable option. Until now, cellulose-producing bacteria have been isolated from various sources, such as fruits, flowers, fermented foods, and vegetable wastes [5-7]. However, the strategies like isolation and identification of new strains producing BNC as well as optimization of the fermentation process are still promising to obtain a high yield of BNC. Therefore, researchers have continued to investigate the isolation of microorganisms capable of greater BNC production. This goal is particularly vital since this nanomaterial has many possible applications arising from its diverse traits. For example, its gelation ability has made BNC a source of traditional foods like “Nata de coco” [8]. BNC is also expected to be an additive for use as a thickener, texturizer, and/or dietary fiber in food such as “Kombucha tea” [9, 10]. Besides the food industry, this cellulose nanomaterial can be used as a valuable material in the medical field in reconstructive surgery, in cell and tissue engineering as a drug carrier, and as electronic paper due to its high purity, high water content, high bio-compatibility, high mechanical strength, and gas permeability [6, 11-14]. In the present Received: January 3, 2019 Revised: March 5, 2019 Accepted: March 11, 2019
Synthesis , Characterization , and Sensor Applications of Spinel ZnCo 2 O 4 Nanoparticles

Spinel ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by means of the microwave-assisted colloidal method. A solution containing ethanol, Co-nitrate, Zn-nitrate, and dodecylamine was stirred for 24 h and evaporated by a microwave oven. The resulting solid material was dried at 200 ◦C and subsequently calcined at 500 ◦C for 5 h. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy, confirming the formation of spinel ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles with average sizes between 49 and 75 nm. It was found that the average particle size decreased when the dodecylamine concentration increased. Pellets containing ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles were fabricated and tested as sensors in carbon monoxide (CO) and propane (C3H8) gases at different concentrations and temperatures. Sensor performance tests revealed an extremely high response to 300 ppm of CO at an operating temperature of 200 ◦C.
Linking Customer Embeddedness and Imitation: The Mediating Role of External Knowledge Sources and Coordination Mechanisms

Research highlights the role of external knowledge sources to sustain innovation but it is less forthcoming on the role as antecedents of firms’ imitation of established services and products offered in the market. We distinguish between pivotal and non-pivotal external knowledge to examine how the pivotal relationship’s embeddedness enhances the imitation of existing opportunities, and is moderated by the use of external non-pivotal sources, and by the use mechanisms of coordination with the pivotal source. Our analysis of a survey involving 382 Italian firms shows that a moderate level of embeddedness favors imitation, while it is significantly positively influenced by the availability of nonpivotal knowledge sources only when the pivotal relationships are highly embedded, or when there are mechanisms of coordination with the pivotal source.