Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the contributions of the Y-factor in evaluating CO2 abatement options

The starting point of the thesis is that national CO2 policy options are complex. In other words, that there are non-economic factors that are play at the implementation of the CO2 options. Why do some CO2 options not materialize in the market, despite favorable economic conditions? Current methods for answering such questions are strongly embedded in financial assumptions and monetary units (e.g. the MACC). The statement is that complementary methods are needed that focuses on other factors. Experts are proposing the Y-factor (factors about 1. physical interdependencies, 2. multiple actors and 3. behavior), but the method lacks empirical evidence. The objective of the thesis is to gather empirical data to underpin the Y-factor. The chosen research perspective is a transition perspective and empirical data is collected through six case studies and in-depth interviews. Six policy options in six sectors are analyzed: 1. the heavy industry, 2. built environment, 3. energy production, 4. forestry, 5. agriculture and 6. waste. For each case study, 3 to 5 interviews are carried out, a total of 21 interviews are analyzed.
Study of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) within hollow core photonic crystal fiber

The presented work aims to realize the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal of rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) molecule by non-selectively filling all the holes of hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) while exploiting the bandgap property of HC-PCF. As a consequence, strong mode field overlap with the analyte solution is achieved resulting in an amplified Raman signal with just a few milliwatts (∼2mW) of sample energy within the fiber core. The actual contribution of enhancement by HC-PCF has been deconvolved from that of nanoparticles in the overall Raman signal enhancement of Rh 6G. Finally, we report the enhancement factor of Raman signal of Rh 6G, filled within the different lengths of HC-PCF.
Long‐Term Life Quality and Family Needs After Traumatic Brain Injury

Objectives:This investigation assessed the life quality and long-term family needs of caregivers of persons with brain injury. Design:Respondents completed the Virginia Traumatic Brain Injury Family Needs Assessment Survey. Setting:Community-based sample. Participants:Respondents included 57 caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury who were at least 4 years after injury and who resided in Virginia. Respondents ranged in age from 19 to 82 years and were primarily women and Caucasian. Outcome Measures:The Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ) and quality of life questions. Results:Results indicate diminished life quality after injury. With regard to family needs, Health Information (51.43%) and Involvement with Care (47.93%) needs were most often rated as met. Instrumental Support (31.52%) and Professional Support (28.38%) needs were most often rated as not met. Conclusions:Family needs and support systems for those needs change over time. This investigation provides evidence that unmet family needs extend well beyond the acute setting and that caregiver life quality diminishes over time. The importance of appreciating long-term family needs and other life quality issues should not be underestimated.
Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy in Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease: Comparison between Biopsy from 1 Segment and Biopsy from 2 Segments - Diagnostic Yield and Complications

Background: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy is an innovative method of obtaining samples from the parenchyma of patients with diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. However, the technique is not yet standardized, and uncertainty exists about the optimal protocol, including the number of samples, the biopsy size, and the choice of the biopsy site. Objectives: To compare the diagnostic yield and complications of cryobiopsy with different strategies adopted to sample lung tissue (number of samples, biopsy site, and sample size). Methods: We prospectively enrolled 46 patients with suspected diffuse parenchymal lung diseases for the diagnosis of which a biopsy was deemed useful. All patients underwent transbronchial lung cryobiopsy, and they were randomly assigned to group A (4 samples obtained from the same segment) or group B (2 samples obtained from one segment and 2 samples obtained from a different segment of the same lobe). Analysis of the samples was performed sequentially (from the first to the last sample), and pathologists reformulated their histopathologic diagnosis with the addition of each sample. Results: The mean diagnostic yield of the procedure combining the 2 groups and performing only the first sampling was 69%. When a second biopsy was performed as well, the mean diagnostic yield improved, but this increase was significant only when the 2 samples were obtained from 2 different segments (96%, group B). Conclusions: This study suggests that the strategy of performing 2 biopsies with a cryoprobe may be associated with an increased diagnostic yield in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases if these samples are obtained from 2 different segments within the same lobe.
A Comparison of African American and Cuban American Adolescent Juvenile Offenders: Risky Sexual and Drug Use Behaviors

SUMMARY Racial and ethnic disparities exist in HIV seroconversion rates, with African American and Hispanic youth in the 13–19-year-old age group representing 61% and 21% of new AIDS cases, respectively. The aim of this study was to examine sexual and drug use behaviors among a sample of 138 African American and Cuban American juvenile offenders. Cuban American adolescents showed higher levels of unprotected sex, higher levels of sex while using drugs, and higher levels of drug/alcohol use in the three and six months prior to confinement. These differences may be explained by multiple factors, including differences in acculturation levels among the Cuban American adolescents, differences in health messages targeted at the two groups, and family mores and norms.
Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas show distinctly different microarray expression profiles and can be distinguished by a minimum of five genes.

PURPOSE We have previously conducted independent microarray expression analyses of the two most common types of nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma, namely papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). In this study, we sought to combine our data sets to shed light on the similarities and differences between these tumor types. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray data from six PTCs, nine FTCs, and 13 normal thyroid samples were normalized to remove interlaboratory variability and then analyzed by unsupervised clustering, t test, and by comparison of absolute and change calls. Expression changes in four genes not previously implicated in thyroid carcinogenesis were verified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on these same samples, together with eight additional FTC tumors. RESULTS PTCs showed two distinct groups of genes that were either over- or underexpressed compared with normal thyroid, whereas the predominant changes in FTCs were of decreased expression. Five genes could collectively distinguish the two tumor types. PTCs showed overexpression of CITED1, claudin-10 (CLDN10), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) but showed no change in expression of caveolin-1 (CAV1) or -2 (CAV2); conversely, FTCs did not express CLDN10 and had decreased expression of IGFBP6 and/or CAV1 and CAV2. CONCLUSION PTC and FTC show distinctive microarray expression profiles, suggesting that either they have different molecular origins or they diverge distinctly from a common origin. Furthermore, if verified in a larger series of tumors, these genes could, in combination with known tumor-specific chromosome translocations, form the basis of a valuable diagnostic tool.
Factors contributing to mammography failure in women aged 40-49 years.

BACKGROUND Younger women (40-49 years) have lower mammographic sensitivity (i.e., greater proportion of cancers detected after a negative mammogram) than older women (> or =50 years). We explored the effect of tumor growth rate, breast density, mammographic image quality, and breast cancer risk factors on mammographic sensitivity in younger and older women. METHODS We studied 576 women (n = 73 aged 40-49 years and n = 503 aged 50 years or older) who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1988 and 1993. Interval cancers were defined as those diagnosed within 12 or 24 months after a negative screening mammogram and before a subsequent mammogram. Tumor growth rate was assessed by mitotic figure count and Ki-67 positivity. The main outcome measures were percentage of women with interval cancer (1 -mammographic sensitivity) by age, odds ratio (OR) of interval cancer by age, and excess odds (i.e., the percentage of the odds ratio for age that was explained by individual covariates). RESULTS Interval cancers occurred in 27.7% of younger women and 13.9% of older women within 12 months (OR = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14 to 4.77) and in 52.1% of younger women and 24.7% of older women within 24 months (OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 2.15 to 5.97). Greater breast density explained 67.6% of the decreased mammographic sensitivity in younger women at 12 months, whereas rapid tumor growth explained 30.6% and breast density explained 37.6% of the decreased sensitivity in younger women at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Breast density largely explained decreased mammographic sensitivity at 12 months, whereas rapid tumor growth contributed to decreased mammographic sensitivity at 24 months. A 12-month versus a 24-month mammography screening interval may therefore reduce the adverse impact of faster growing tumors on mammographic sensitivity in younger women.
Octagonal Ring Antenna for a Compact Dual-Polarized Aperture Array

A wideband dual-polarized aperture array design is presented based on elements formed by a triangular configuration of octagonal rings. The octagonal ring elements are linked by capacitors and placed a defined distance from a groundplane. A broader frequency bandwidth has been achieved by placing a further layer of conductive rings above the element rings forming a metamaterial superstrate layer. Low dielectric constant material can be used to fill the space between the array rings and the groundplane, and between the elements and the superstrate layer. A dual-polarized finite ORA array has been fabricated and measured. The octagonal ring antenna array inherently exhibits a broad scan range with a stable cross polarization performance, however in practice the cross polarization depends on the feeding arrangements. Two feeding methods are discussed with a stripline feed showing best performance.
Prospective evaluation of the clinical utility of single-operator peroral cholangioscopy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Background and study aims: The role of cholangioscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) using a single-operator peroral cholangioscopy direct visualization system is unknown. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the clinical utility of the system in PSC patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Patients and methods: Patients with PSC or suspicion of PSC and a clinical indication for ERCP were enrolled between September 2008 and May 2011. Patients underwent cholangioscopy with sampling from biliary strictures. Clinical data, technical information from the ERCP procedure, and results from sampling by brush cytology and mini-forceps biopsy were collected. Long-term follow-up was conducted. Outcomes included technical success, sampling adequacy, and diagnostic accuracy of cholangioscopy-guided sampling for detection of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Results: A total of 47 patients with PSC were included in the study. Median follow-up time was 27 months (range 2 – 64 months). Technical success was achieved in 96 % (45/47). In 9 % (4/45), the target lesion could not have been reached without the cholangioscopic visualization of the bile duct, which enabled further advancement of the investigation. A total of 64 biliary strictures were evaluated. Sample quality was adequate in 98 % (62/63) of the cytology brushings and in 95 % (21/22) of the mini-forceps biopsies. Of the three patients with a final diagnosis of CCA, one was diagnosed at the time of the investigation. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and negative predictive value were 33 %, 100 %, 96 %, and 95 %, respectively. Conclusion: Cholangioscopy and cholangioscopy-guided sampling can be utilized successfully in patients with PSC. Cholangioscopy enabled targeted biopsies to be taken and was able to pass otherwise inaccessible strictures, making it potentially valuable for the management of biliary strictures in patients with PSC. Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01556555).
The impact of endorser and brand credibility on consumers’ purchase intention: the mediating effect of attitude towards brand and brand credibility

ABSTRACT Fierce competition within the fashion industry compels apparel companies to formulate a variety of marketing strategies to entice consumers, enhancing their purchase intention (PI). This study examines the relationship between endorser credibility (EC) and brand credibility (BC) on consumers’ PI of products sold by local apparel brands in Malaysia. The study also examines the mediating effect of attitude towards BC (ABC) and attitude towards brand (AB). Data analysis was based on data collected from a sample of 245 consumers in a structured survey. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypothesised linkages between the mentioned variables. The findings of this study demonstrate that EC and BC have significant effects on ABC, AB and PI. The bootstrapping procedure shows that ABC and AB possess a significant influence as mediators between the EC and BC in swaying consumers’ PI. The findings of this study can help managers, marketing strategists, and designers within local apparel companies to improve marketing communication and brand management for sustainable growth within the fashion industry.
Deletion of the varicella-zoster virus large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase impairs growth of virus in vitro

Cells infected with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) express a viral ribonucleotide reductase which is distinct from that present in uninfected cells. VZV open reading frames 18 and 19 (ORF18 and ORF19) are homologous to the herpes simplex virus type 1 genes encoding the small and large subunits of ribonucleotide reductase, respectively. We generated recombinant VZV by transfecting cultured cells with four overlapping cosmid DNAs. To construct a virus lacking ribonucleotide reductase, we deleted 97% of VZV ORF19 from one of the cosmids. Transfection of this cosmid with the other parental cosmids yielded a VZV mutant with a 2.3-kbp deletion confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Virus-specific ribonucleotide reductase activity was not detected in cells infected with VZV lacking ORF19. Infection of melanoma cells with ORF19-deleted VZV resulted in plaques smaller than those produced by infection with the parental VZV. The mutant virus also exhibited a growth rate slightly slower than that of the parental virus. Chemical inhibition of the VZV ribonucleotide reductase has been shown to potentiate the anti-VZV activity of acyclovir. Similarly, the concentration of acyclovir required to inhibit plaque formation by 50% was threefold lower for the VZV ribonucleotide reductase deletion mutants than for parental virus. We conclude that the VZV ribonucleotide reductase large subunit is not essential for virus infection in vitro; however, deletion of the gene impairs the growth of VZV in cell culture and renders the virus more susceptible to inhibition by acyclovir.
Foreign Ownership, Corporate Governance Mechanism and Technical Efficiency of Indonesia Banking Industry

A large number of commercial banks in Indonesia are considered not ideal for the future of Indonesian banking because most of these banks are considered unhealthy and inefficient. This research aimed to examine the input and output efficiency in the Indonesian banking industry and the influence of foreign ownership and corporate governance mechanisms measured by the size of the board of commissioners and the percentage of the independent commissioner on technical efficiency using a non-parametric approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This research used 50 foreign exchange commercial banks of Indonesia from 2012-2014. The results of DEA indicated that the efficiency of foreign exchange commercial banks has increased significantly during the observation period. Other results showed that banks with foreign ownership had a strong and positive link with technical efficiency. In line with the established literature on emerging markets, foreign ownership banks appear to be more efficient than banks with fully domestic ownership. However, the board of commissioner size showed no effect on banks technical efficiency. The percentage of independent commissioner showed a negative effect on efficiency that consistent with the argument that tighter monitoring of board of commissioners might impede performance. JEL Classification: D61, G35, M41 DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i4. 2461
The Impact of Cause-Related Marketing on Millennials’ Product Attitudes and Purchase Intentions

Abstract This study, using scenarios, examined the impact of two kinds of cause-related marketing (CRM) efforts (a traditional donation of a portion of sales to a related cause and a more strategic one-for-one donation of donating a product to a related cause when that product was purchased) on millennials’ (those born between 1982 and 2000) attitudes and purchase intentions for four different consumer product categories. The four different consumer product categories selected included a specialty good (laptop), a shopping good (hat), a convenience good (bottled water), and a service (food restaurant). Given the importance of social media to millennials, this research also examined the role of social media on CRM awareness. While millennials had relatively low awareness of CRM campaigns, there was a positive correlation between social media use and CRM awareness. Additionally, CRM efforts may not work for all products as there was no impact on attitude or purchase intention for the product category of laptops. Additionally, the positive attitudes created by marketers’ CRM efforts will not always translate to increased purchase intentions. The use of a strategic one-for-one CRM effort though had a greater impact, specifically for products that deal with needed fundamentals, such as food and water.
Electron Transport Properties of Ultrathin-body and Tri-gate SOI nMOSFETs with Biaxial and Uniaxial Strain

Electron transport properties in biaxially strained UTB MOSFETs and uniaxially strained tri-gate MOSFETs are experimentally investigated. It is found that the strain is still effective even in UTB regime and the mobility enhancement of 1.4 against control thick (20 nm) SOI is preserved in devices with TSoi = 2.4 nm. We also demonstrate 2.0x mobility enhancement in tri-gate nMOSFETs with uniaxial <110> tensile strain that is favored not only on (100) but also on (110) sidewall
Nanodielectrics: opportunities and challenges

Nanodielectrics, a nowadays popular term in the dielectrics community, has been the subject of intensive research over the past 10 years. In fact, the term “nanodielectrics” stems out of the field of polymer nanocomposites-an emerging field of nanotechnology. Whereas polymer nanocomposites concern polymers within which nanometer-sized fillers are homogeneously dispersed at just a few weight percentage (wt%), the term “nanometric dielectrics,” or “nanodielectrics”, refers to nanocomposites of specific interest in connection with their dielectric characteristics. Nevertheless, for the scope of HV electrical insulation research, the terms “nanocomposites” and “nanodielectrics” are used interchangeably to refer to polymer/ nanoparticle mixtures of dielectric interest.
The Design and Development of Mobile Collaborative Learning Application Using Android

Mobile devices are quickly becoming devices powerful enough to run personal computers with the advancement of wireless and mobile technology. Learning by means of mobile phones is becoming a new approach towards education, and it is unique in its own way and offers learning opportunities anywhere and anytime. Mobile Collaborative Learning (MCL) has been getting more importance in educational environment as one type of mobile learning application. This paper introduces the theoretical and technical foundations for designing and developing an effective MCL environment as well as describing a new approach for building a learning application towards mobile technology. Finally the proposed prototype will be designed and constructed using the Android operating system with a suggestive infrastructure for this type of system.
Hypertensive Crisis-A Serious Problem in Medical Practice

There has recently been a considerable increase in interest in hypertensive crisis-a life-threatening condition. Recent publications indicate that hypertensive crisis is a problem not only in general medicine but also in ophthalmology. Visual disturbances may be the initial symptoms of severe hypertension and can reflect severe systemic changes. It seems appropriate to conduct further studies on the pathogenesis of vascular hypertensive changes, and particularly any associated inflammatory reactions. It also seems justified to introduce screening for hypertensive changes on the eye fundus photographs in emergency departments.
"Silicone-octopus repair" of lacrimal obstructions in children.

Nineteen pediatric cases of lacrimal obstruction due to acquired disorders were repaired by a modification of the conventional silicone intubation procedure. This new operation employs an increased number of silicone strands within the lower excretory system. Sixteen patients had very good results and two were improved; there was one failure. This procedure is indicated in children with combined common canalicular and nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
How Do Countries Use Resource Tracking Data to Inform Policy Change: Shining Light into the Black Box

Abstract—Resource tracking exercises produce data that can be used to inform decisions about health policy issues such as mobilizing resources, pooling resources to minimize risk, and allocating resources for health. However, the factors that help countries evolve from merely producing resource tracking data to using it for decision making have been hard to specify. Countries often produce data that remain unused, and key health policy decisions are made without using available data. We develop a framework highlighting the factors that contribute to the use of resource tracking data for more informed policy decisions. Analyzing experience across 16 countries, we identify (1) characteristics of and actions taken by local country resource tracking teams that facilitated data use and (2) circumstances that were outside of teams' control but also influenced data use. We find that (1) clear definition of policy questions, (2) production of high-quality data, and (3) effective dissemination of resource tracking results are observed in countries that have successfully used resource tracking data in making tangible policy changes.