Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Pragmatic Treatment: A Rehabilitative Program for Traumatic Brain Injury Individuals

Objective:To verify the efficacy of Cognitive Pragmatic Treatment (CPT), a new rehabilitation training program for improving communicative-pragmatic abilities. Design:The CPT program consists of 24 group sessions, concerned with improving several communication modalities, theory of mind (ToM), and cognitive components that can affect pragmatic performance, such as awareness and executive functions. Participants:A sample of 15 adults with severe traumatic brain injury. Main Measures:Improvements were evaluated before and after training, using the equivalent forms of the Assessment Battery for Communication (ABaCo), a tool for evaluating comprehension and production of a wide range of pragmatic phenomena. A neuropsychological and ToM assessment was also conducted. Results:The patients' performance improved after training, in terms of both comprehension and production, in all the communication modalities assessed by the ABaCo, that is, linguistic, extralinguistic, paralinguistic, and social appropriateness abilities. The follow-up showed that the improvement of patients persists after 3 months from the end of the training. Conclusions:The results suggest that the CPT program is efficacious in improving communicative-pragmatic abilities in individuals with TBI, and that improvements at this level are still detectable even in chronic patients years after the injury.
Parallel Screening of Low Molecular Weight Fragment Libraries

Fragment screening is becoming widely accepted as a technique to identify hit compounds for the development of novel lead compounds. In neighboring laboratories, we have recently, and independently, performed a fragment screening campaign on the HIV-1 integrase core domain (IN) using similar commercially purchased fragment libraries. The two campaigns used different screening methods for the preliminary identification of fragment hits; one used saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (STD-NMR), and the other used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. Both initial screens were followed by X-ray crystallography. Using the STD-NMR/X-ray approach, 15 IN/fragment complexes were identified, whereas the SPR/X-ray approach found 6 complexes. In this article, we compare the approaches that were taken by each group and the results obtained, and we look at what factors could potentially influence the final results. We find that despite using different approaches with little overlap of initial hits, both approaches identified binding sites on IN that provided a basis for fragment-based lead discovery and further lead development. Comparison of hits identified in the two studies highlights a key role for both the conditions under which fragment binding is measured and the criteria selected to classify hits.
Child Sexual Abuse Attributions Among Undergraduate Psychology Students in Singapore

ABSTRACT Experimental vignettes were used to investigate attributions relating to child sexual abuse with a focus on the degree of blame allocated to the family and to society, factors thought to be particularly relevant in a collectivist society. One hundred and sixty-two undergraduates in Singapore evaluated media reports describing a case of child sexual abuse. A 2 x 2 x 2 between-subjects design manipulated victim sex, perpetrator sex, and victim–perpetrator relationship. Participants rated the vignettes on degree of blame and prevention potential and rated the abusiveness of the case. Individualism and collectivism attitudes of the participants were also measured. While the highest blame ratings were attributed to perpetrators, significantly more blame was attributed to the family and to society than to the victim. The demonstration of the present attributions of blame to family and to society is a timely finding given recent recommendations to broaden approaches to child abuse prevention by moving away from a reliance on school based child protection programs, which leave the onus on the child to prevent and report abuse, toward a public health approach, which is particularly inclusive of parent and community education approaches . Allocation of some blame to victims, in spite of their status as children, while not a unique finding in victimology research, emphasizes the challenges still to be faced in encouraging the reporting of child sexual abuse.
Use of a smartphone application to screen for bipolar spectrum disorder in a community sample

This study describes the use of a smartphone application based on the Korean version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire in screening for bipolar spectrum disorders in a large general population. All data were collected between May 2011 and July 2011. A total of 27,159 individuals participated in the survey, using a smartphone application. The prevalence of positive screening results for bipolar spectrum disorders among 27,159 participants using the smartphone Korean Mood Disorder Questionnaire application was 8.2 percent. These results are similar to traditional paper-based results. The Korean Mood Disorder Questionnaire positive group exhibited more frequent occurrences of previous psychiatric treatment than the group with negative results. In a logistic regression analysis involving subjects with past psychiatric history, age group significantly predicted Korean Mood Disorder Questionnaire results. The smartphone application may be a useful screening tool for bipolar spectrum disorders. This study included only individuals who actively participated, and thus, the possibility of a selection bias should be considered.
1/3 factor in the CMB Sachs-Wolfe effect

We point out that a pseudo Newtonian interpretation of the 1/3 factor in the Sachs-Wolfe effect, which relates the fluctuations in temperature and potential, $\ensuremath{\delta}T/T=(1/3)\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\Phi},$ is not supported by the general relativistic analysis. Dividing the full gravitational effect into separate parts depends on the choice of time slicing (gauge) and there exist infinitely many different choices. More importantly, interpreting the parts as being due to the gravitational redshift and the time dilation is not justified in the rigorous relativistic perturbation theory. We suggest regarding the 1/3 factor as a general relativistic result that applies in a restricted situation of adiabatic perturbation in the $K=0=\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ model with the last scattering occurring in the matter dominated era. For an isocurvature initial condition the corresponding result $\ensuremath{\delta}T/T=2\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\Phi}$ has a different numerical coefficient.
Anatomical left‐right asymmetry of language‐related temporal cortex is different in left‐ and right‐handers

Asymmetry of the planum temporale, a language‐related intrasylvian area on the superior temporal gyrus, is the most remarkable anatomical left‐right asymmetry of the human brain. The in vivo application of magnetic resonance morphometry in 52 healthy volunteers (26 dextrals and 26 sinistrals) revealed that planum temporale asymmetry than right‐handers. Thus, a structural‐functional relation exists in cerebral asymmetry. The correlation is likely to reflect language representation. Because familial sinistrality influenced the anatomical pattern in left‐handers and planum temporale asymmetry is already present in the newborn, prenatal factors must play an important role in the development of functional laterality.
Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion in the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, during 6 or 40 Days of Estivation in Mud

Monopterus albus inhabits muddy ponds, swamps, canals, and rice fields, where it can burrow into the moist earth, and it survives for long periods during the dry summer season. However, it had been reported previously that mortality increased when M. albus was exposed to air for 8 d or more. Thus, the objective of this study was to elucidate the strategies adopted by M. albus to defend against ammonia toxicity during 6 or 40 d of estivation in mud and to evaluate whether these strategies were different from those adopted by fish to survive 6 d of aerial exposure. Ammonia and glutamine accumulations occurred in the muscle and liver of fish exposed to air (normoxia) for 6 d, indicating that ammonia was detoxified to glutamine under such conditions. In contrast, ammonia accumulation occurred only in the muscle, with no increases in glutamine or glutamate contents in all tissues, of fish estivated in mud for 6 d. Similar results were obtained from fish estivated in mud for 40 d. While estivating in mud prevented excessive water loss through evaporation, M. albus was exposed to hypoxia, as indicated by significant decreases in blood Po2, muscle energy charge, and ATP content in fish estivated in mud for 6 d. Glutamine synthesis is energy intensive, and that could be the reason why M. albus did not depend on glutamine synthesis to defend against ammonia toxicity when a decrease in ATP supply occurred. Instead, suppression of endogenous ammonia production was adopted as the major strategy to ameliorate ammonia toxicity when M. albus estivated in mud. Our results suggest that a decrease in O2 level in the mud could be a more effective signal than an increase in internal ammonia level during aerial exposure to induce a suppression of ammonia production in M. albus. This might explain why M. albus is able to estivate in mud for long periods (40 d) but can survive in air for only <10 d.
Restrained eating and BMI: a longitudinal study among adolescents.

OBJECTIVE Although restrained eating is believed to increase overeating and weight in the long term, the opposite has also been found: Heavy individuals are more likely to diet. The objective of the current study was to test both pathways for adolescents. DESIGN A longitudinal model was used to explore the bidirectional associations between restrained eating and body mass index (BMI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES At 3 annual waves, restrained eating and BMI were obtained from both older (M age 15.2 years old) and younger (M age 13.4 years old) adolescent boys and girls who were sibling pairs in 404 Dutch families. RESULTS Structural equation modeling showed that BMI predicted restrained eating more consistently than the other way round. The results remained the same when analyzed by sex, age, socioeconomic status, and overeating tendency. Thus, in our general survey of adolescents restrained eating did not seem to be a successful weight loss strategy, nor did it consistently predict weight increase. CONCLUSION Positive associations between restrained eating and BMI should mainly be interpreted in the sense that higher BMI predicted more restrained eating.
STUDY OF MUNGBEAN INTERCROPPING IN COTTON PLANTED WITH DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES

Bio-economic efficiency of different cotton-based intercropping systems was determined at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, (Pakistan) during 1996-97 and 1997-98. Cotton cultivar NIAB-78 was planted in 80-cm apart single rows and 120-cm spaced double row strips with the help of a single row hand drill. Intercropping systems were cotton alone, and cotton + mungbean. Experiment was laid out in a RCBD with split arrangements in four replications. Planting patterns were kept in main plots and intercropping systems in sub-plots. Intercrop was sown in the space between 80- cm apart single rows as well as 120-cm spaced double row strips. Competition functions like relative crowding coefficient, competitive ratio, aggressivity, land equivalent ratio and area time equivalent ratio were calculated for the assessment of the benefits of the intercropping. Partial budget was prepared for determining net field benefits of the systems under study. Growing of cotton in 120-cm spaced double row strips proved superior to 80-cm spaced single rows. Intercropping decreased the seed cotton production significantly in both years, however, intercrop not only covered this loss but also increased overall productivity. Higher net field benefit (NFB) was obtained from cotton + mungbean than sole cropping of cotton. Farmers with small land holdings, seriously constrained by low crop income can adopt the practice of intercropping of mungbean in cotton.
TREATMENT OF GIRLS WITH EXCESSIVE HEIGHT PREDICTION: Follow‐up of Forty Girls Treated with Intramuscular Estradiol and Progesterone

Abstract. Andersen, H. , Brock Jacobsen, B. , Kastrup, K. W. , Krabbe, S. , Peitersen, B. , Petersen, K. E. , Thamdrup, E. and Wichmann, R. (Endocrine Clinic, Children's Hospital Fuglebakken, University of Copenhagen). Treatment of girls with excessive height prediction. Follow‐up of 40 girls treated with intramuscular estradiol and progesterone. Acta Pædiatr Scand, 69:293, 1980. —In a follow‐up study of 40 tall girls treated with intramuscular estradiol and progesterone, the final height, bone age maturation, side effects and acceptance of treatment were evaluated. The mean duration of treatment was 18 months. During treatment, mean height increase was 6.5 cm (height velocity 3.7 cm/year), which is nearly 50 % reduction of normal growth rate. The mean increase in bone age was 2.7 years (bone age velocity 1.8 years/year), which approximates twice the normal maturation rate. The mean reduction in final height was 5.0 cm as evaluated by the method of Bayley‐Pinneau (BP), 2.9 cm by the method of Tanner et al. (TW) and 3.0 cm by the method of Roche et al. (RWT). The reduction was greatest when treatment was started before menarche, according to all three prediction methods. When treatment was started after menarche the calculated height reduction was greatest according to the BP method. There was good agreement between the three prediction methods in girls with a bone age below 12 years before treatment. In girls with a bone age above 12 years the height reduction by the BP method was much greater than when measured by the other methods. Side effects evaluated at follow‐up were minimal and first menstruation occurred within 3 months (mean) after cessation of treatment. The number of pregnancies was estimated to be normal for age. All but three accepted the treatment. It is concluded that this type of treatment must be restricted to girls with severe psychological problems due to excessive height prognosis and selection for treatment must be based on an individualized evaluation.
ANGULAR CORRELATION OF GAMMA-RAYS IN THE INELASTIC SCATTERING OF 14 . 1 MEV NEUTRONS ON CARBON

The work is dedicated to the measurement of the angular distribution of γ-rays with energy of 4.438 MeV produced in inelastic scattering of neutrons with energy of 14.1 MeV on C. As a source of “tagged” neutrons a portable neutron generator ING-27 (designed and manufactured by VNIIA in Moscow) with built-in 64-pixel silicon α-detector was used. The registration of the characteristic γ-rays from the reaction C(n,n’)C was done by a -spectrometer consisting of 22 γ-detectors based on NaI(Tl) crystals, located around the target. The analysis and comparison of the measured angular distribution of γ-rays with energy of 4.438 MeV with the results from other experimental studies available in the literature are reported.
Specific Ribosomal DNA Sequences from Diverse Environmental Settings Correlate with Experimental Contaminants

ABSTRACT Phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clones obtained by PCR from uncultured bacteria inhabiting a wide range of environments has increased our knowledge of bacterial diversity. One possible problem in the assessment of bacterial diversity based on sequence information is that PCR is exquisitely sensitive to contaminating 16S rDNA. This raises the possibility that some putative environmental rRNA sequences in fact correspond to contaminant sequences. To document potential contaminants, we cloned and sequenced PCR-amplified 16S rDNA fragments obtained at low levels in the absence of added template DNA. 16S rDNA sequences closely related to the genera Duganella(formerly Zoogloea), Acinetobacter,Stenotrophomonas, Escherichia,Leptothrix, and Herbaspirillum were identified in contaminant libraries and in clone libraries from diverse, generally low-biomass habitats. The rRNA sequences detected possibly are common contaminants in reagents used to prepare genomic DNA. Consequently, their detection in processed environmental samples may not reflect environmentally relevant organisms.
Efficacy of Conventional Single Phototherapy in the Management of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Introduction eonatal jaundice is a common health problem affecting two-thirds of healthy term newborn and 80% preterm in the first few weeks of life. Jaundice may not appear until serum bilirubin exceeds 5-7 mg/dl. Approximately 5-10% neonates develop clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia mandating the use of phototherapy. Overall incidence of neonatal jaundice as reported by various Indian authors varies from 54.6% to 77%. Hyper bilirubinemia with irrespective of causative factor with indirect bilirubin 20mg or more produce neurological signs and
Effect of fluconazole on pharmacokinetics of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine in persons seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus

Fluconazole inhibits cytochrome P-450-mediated enzymatic metabolism of several drugs. Since hepatic metabolism is partially responsible for 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (didanosine or ddI) elimination, fluconazole therapy may lead to increased ddI concentrations in serum and subsequent concentration-dependent adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to determine if ddI pharmacokinetics are influenced by a 7-day course of oral fluconazole. Twelve adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had received a constant dosage of ddI for at least 2 weeks were investigated. On study day 1, multiple serum samples for determination of ddI concentrations were obtained over 12 h. Then subjects received a 7-day course of oral fluconazole (200 mg every 12 h for two doses and then 200 mg once daily for 6 days) while ddI therapy continued. Following the last dose of fluconazole, serum samples for determination of ddI concentrations were again obtained over 12 h. ddI concentrations in serum were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. In contrast to previously published data, there was marked between-subject variability in ddI areas under the concentration-time curve, even when the dose was normalized for weight. No significant differences were found between mean ddI areas under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h on study day 1 (1,528 +/- 902 ngx.hr/ml) and following fluconazole treatment (1,486 +/- 649 ngx.hr/ml) . There were no significant differences in other pharmacokinetic parameters, such as ddI peak concentrations in serum (971 +/- 509 and 942 +/- 442 ng/ml) or half-lives (80 +/- 32 and 85 +/- 21 min.) before and after fluconazole treatment, respectively. We conclude that a 7-day course of oral fluconazole does not significantly alter ddI pharmacokinetics in adults that are infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Application and Development of High-Power and Highly Efficient Silica-Based Fiber Lasers Operating at 2 $\mu$m

We review our recent work in high-power 2-mum fiber laser development, and present the recent results of our highly efficient directly diode-pumped Tm3+-doped silica and Ho3+-doped silica fiber lasers. We quantify the values of the dopant concentrations in the fibers used to construct the 2-mum fiber lasers, and present a more comprehensive assessment of fiber laser performance against dopant concentration.
[Study on the change of quality of life and its influential factors for drug abusers accepting methadone maintenance treatment].

美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)是针对海洛因等阿片类物质依赖者采取的一种综合性治疗方法. 生存质量和健康状况能否改善既是反映MMT效果的一个重要方面,也是维持治疗的重要影响因素. 本研究对MMT患者的生存质量状况的变化及影响因素进行了探讨。
Influence of suturing material on wound healing - An experimental study on dogs.

BACKGROUND/AIM The most common materials implanted in the human organism are suture materials that are classified on the basis of several criteria, usually the origin, structure, and properties. The properties of suture materials are related to its absorbability and non-absorbability. When using resorbable materials it is of great importance to determine whether its absorbability and tensile strength help wound healing in function of time. Sutures themselves can become a source of inflammation, that may reduce or compromise the potential of reparation and regeneration. The aim of this experimental study on dogs was to ascertain whether the absorption rate and the degree of local tissue reactions differ from information provided by the manufacturers, whether there are differences between the applied suture materials and which of the used suture materials have better effect on wound healing. METHODS Experimental testing of the selected suture materials basic characteristics was performed on 6 German Shepherd dogs, which, after induction of general anesthesia, were made 3 identical incisions each in all 4 quadrants (left and right side of the upper and lower jaws), so that 12 horizontal incisions were formed, 10 mm long, 20-25 mm distant from one another, on each animal. Randomly, incisions were stitched up in the following order, starting from back to front: catgut, Dexon®, Vicryl-Rapid®. The experiment was terminated by histopathological examination of tissue samples, taken on postoperative day 3, 7, 14 and 21 in order to identify the effect of healing and the degree of local reaction. RESULTS The obtained results suggest that catgut has the highest absorption rate, while Dexon® the lowest. Vicryl- Rapid® causes the lowest level of local reactions, while Dexon® the highest. CONCLUSION There is no ideal suture material because various patient factors also influence the wound healing process.
Primary EBV infection resulting in lymphoproliferative disease in a teenager with Crohn disease.

JPGN Volume 52, N ) is a chronic inflamm C rohn disease (CD atory condition of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by segmental transmural inflammation. Immune modulators such as 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its prodrug azathioprine (AZA) are an important class of therapies used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Opportunistic infections can be difficult to recognize in these patients and can be associated with significant morbidity or mortality. Lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) is a rare complication of viral infections in immunocompromised hosts, and typically consists of fever, constitutional symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, liver function and coagulation abnormalities, and hypertriglyceridemia. Although LPDs have been associated with CD alone (1), a subset of patients treated with AZA or 6-MP may be at risk after acquisition of primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Wilson disease is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of copper metabolism, which results in accumulation of excess copper in the liver leading to cirrhosis. There does not appear to be an association between CD and Wilson disease. Additionally, there have been no case reports of LPD in patients with Wilson disease. We report the case of a young girl diagnosed with both CD and Wilson disease who presented with a 1-month history of fever of unknown origin and was subsequently diagnosed as having LPD. We describe the association of primary EBV infection and LPD in a patient with CD and discuss possible risk factors for the disease as ecific immunosuppressive therapy, with the gement and outcomes.