Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Political Instability and Economic Growth in Egypt

Abstract This paper explores the relationship between political instability and economic growth in Egypt. The literature claims there is a relationship between political instability and economic performance. Empirical studies, however, show different results for different world regions, different countries, and different periods. Studies concerning the effect of political instability on the economic growth path are rich with cases from several countries, but do not include developing countries, such as Egypt. This paper investigates the robust relationship between economic growth in Egypt and political instability in the last five decades. We examine time-series data from 1972 to 2013, using the Cointegration approach to determine the short-term and long-term relationships. Consequently, we use an Error-Correction Model (ECM) to estimate the relationship between economic growth and political instability in Egypt. The results show that the impact of political instability on economic growth is negative and significant for all indexes of political instability used in the case of Egypt. The results have implications for policymakers who are planning for the economic growth of the country in the short- and long-term.
Effects of allometric scaling and isokinetic testing methods on the relationship between countermovement jump and quadriceps torque and power

Abstract Determination of the strongest possible relationship between isokinetic quadriceps and functional performance measurements in healthy females would allow sports medicine practitioners to establish normative values when examining muscular performance in injured females. Previous attempts to correlate both measurements have, however, produced inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of allometric scaling, isokinetic testing velocities, reciprocal and non-reciprocal isokinetic testing on the relationship between countermovement jump (CMJ) and isokinetic quadriceps torque and power in recreational females athletes. Seventeen females (age 21.0 ± 2.0 years, body mass index 19.5 ± 1.0 kg · m−2) performed isokinetic quadriceps and CMJ tests. Isokinetic peak torque and average power were obtained reciprocally and non-reciprocally at 1.05 and 3.14 rad · s−1, and were corrected for body mass by allometric modelling. Pearson product–moment correlation (r) was used to assess the relationship between the isokinetic parameters and the CMJ measurements. Coefficients of determination (r 2) were calculated to determine the magnitude of common variance. The r-values for all non-allometrically modelled non-reciprocal parameters were greater (r = 0.58–0.63) than isokinetic parameters obtained reciprocally (r = 0.28–0.47). Using allometric scaling, non-reciprocal isokinetic data accounted for an additional 2–9% of the CMJ height variance, and statistically significant correlations were obtained at both 1.05 and 3.14 rad · s−1. Allometrically scaled, non-reciprocal isokinetic peak torque and average power at 1.05 rad · s−1 had the highest correlation with CMJ (r 2 = 0.49). At both 1.05 and 3.14 rad · s−1, non-reciprocal quadriceps parameters correlated more closely with CMJ measurements than do reciprocal contractions. Normalization for body size by allometrically scaling may further improve correlations with CMJ performance.
Critical Subjective Measurement of Amplitude of Accommodation

The use of fixed print size to measure amplitude of accommodation by the push-up method will result in a range of angular sizes of the print at the nearpoint for patients with different amplitudes. We investigated the effect of this on measured amplitude of accommodation in 60 subjects aged 25 to 45 years. We designed a near-vision chart, based on the Bailey- Lovie near-vision charts, but for which the letter sizes on adjacent lines are varied so that the difference between the inverse of letter sizes is constant (dioptric scale) rather than the geometric ratio between letters on adjacent lines being constant (logarithmic scale). Using this new chart, we compared the amplitudes obtained using N5 print (N5 Blur method) and with two critical methods for which the print of interest was always close to threshold acuity. This was achieved by having patients' attention drawn to a smaller line of letters every time the chart was moved closer in half-diopter steps. The N5 Blur method gave considerably higher amplitude measures than the two critical methods, but the mean differences decreased markedly as age increased: 1.8 to 2.2 D for a 25- to 29-year-old group to 0.7 to 0.8 D for a 40- to 45-yearold group. We believe that the use of fixed size print for measuring amplitude of accommodation by the push-up method gives overestimations that are more marked the higher the amplitude. This occurs because smaller measuring distances that accompany the higher amplitudes will increase angular size and consequently depth-of-focus (in dioptric terms). A critical method of measuring amplitude of accommodation in clinical practice is described. A comparison of our results with those of previous, large scale studies leads to the conclusion that these studies overestimated amplitude in young subjects relative to those of older subjects.
How to Save the Saviors?: Relationship between Organizational Justice and Citizenship Behavior

On the worldwide level, young physicians are facing organizational conflict and are not exhibiting desired level of organizational citizenship behavior. The ethical dilemma of young doctors merits a thorough analysis of work practices and behavioural studies; work related attitudes are affected by organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational justice. There is hardly any study examining organizational conflict with respect to medical and health sector of an emerging economy. Hence the paper investigates the impact of organizational justice (procedural justice, distributive justice, and interactional justice) on the organization citizenship behaviour (altruism and courtesy). The public health sector is more prone to the problem of perceived organizational injustice, as private health sector has become highly commercialized and accordingly doctors are enjoying handsome extrinsic benefits. Considering this incongruity between private and public sector, primary data was collected through structured survey instrument, based on 22 questions, from 250 young doctors belonging to 5 public sectors hospitals in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was authenticated by Cronbach’s alpha. Regression model exhibits the operationalization of the dependent and independent variables, organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational justice respectively. Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, multiple regression analysis were deployed to test hypotheses. The study endorses the viewpoint that young doctors perceive widespread organizational injustice, which is causing lack of citizenship behaviour among them. The commercialization aspect of private hospitals is also augmenting perceived organizational injustice as ambitious young doctors make implied comparisons. Results depict the positive relationship between the two dimensions of organizational behaviour, and suggest that prevalence of organizational justice can minimize depression symptoms among young physicians. The most significant types of organizational justice are found out to be procedural and distributive justice, which is understandable as young doctors often complain of procedural loopholes and unfitting service structure. Consequently, the root cause of the problem perhaps lies with the complexity and observed unfairness of the system. Thus a wide-ranging governance approach and intensified attention towards this sector can take care of the procedural and distributive injustices. The study addresses an intriguing and contemporary issue pertaining to behavioural facet of medical professionals, and the main practical implication of the study is the provision of framework based on organizational justice and commitment. Broader policy implications and recommendations for the betterment of medical sector are also discussed.
Tourists’ hotel event experience and satisfaction: an integrative approach

ABSTRACT Tourists’ hotel event experiences have received little attention in tourism research. By proposing an integrated model of expectation–confirmation theory (ECT) and the experience economy concept, this research explores the relationship between tourists’ event experience and their satisfaction regarding the hotel event setting. The hypothesized model was empirically validated using a sample of 663 tourists who experienced a holiday event at a resort hotel. Results confirmed that the integration of the experience economy and ECT provided a better understanding of tourists’ post-satisfaction in a pleasure-driven setting. This affective–cognitive approach advances the knowledge of tourists’ experiences and satisfaction at hotel events.
Examining the Relevance of Online Customer Textual Reviews on Hotels’ Product and Service Attributes

Online reviews left by guests have business value in terms of understanding customers’ perceptions of hotels’ product and service attributes. By focusing on customers’ textual reviews through a text-mining approach (specifically, latent semantic analysis) and statistical tests, this study examined and compared the relevance of core attributes with customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction for both chain and independent hotels of various star levels. We found that the attributes of products and services—including staff, physical setting, value, and location—have different effects on customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction for chain and independent hotels, and for hotels with different star levels. Based on these findings, we concluded that a given hotel’s status as either an independent or a chain establishment and its star-level play a role in influencing the importance of product and service attributes for customers. Our study helped hotels in different market segments understand customers’ different needs as they relate to each attribute of the hotel’s products and services. Hoteliers can use this information to set priority rules for improving the corresponding attributes and use the generated electronic word-of-mouth effect from online customer reviews to enhance their performance.
Evidence of solitary chemosensory cells in a large mammal: the diffuse chemosensory system in Bos taurus airways

The diffuse chemosensory system (DCS) of the respiratory apparatus is composed of solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) that resemble taste cells but are not organized in end organs. The discovery of the DCS may open up new approaches to respiratory diseases. However, available data on mammalian SCCs have so far been collected from rodents, the airways of which display some differences from those of large mammals. Here we investigated the presence of the DCS and of SCCs in cows and bulls (Bos taurus), in which the airway cytology is similar to that in humans, focusing our attention on detection in the airways of molecules involved in the transduction cascade of taste [i.e. α‐gustducin and phospholipase C of the β2 subtype (PLCβ2)]. The aim of the research was to extend our understanding of airway chemoreceptors and to compare the organization of the DCS in a large mammal with that in rodents. Using immunocytochemistry for α‐gustducin, the taste buds of the tongue and arytenoid were visualized. In the trachea and bronchi, α‐gustducin‐immunoreactive SCCs were frequently found. Using immunocytochemistry for PLCβ2, the staining pattern was generally similar to those seen for α‐gustducin. Immunoblotting confirmed the expression of α‐gustducin in the tongue and in all the airway regions tested. The study demonstrated the presence of SCCs in cows and bulls, suggesting that DCSs are present in many mammalian species. The description of areas with a high density of SCCs in bovine bronchi seems to indicate that the view of the DCS as made up of isolated cells totally devoid of ancillary elements is probably an oversimplification.
Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in cats.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy, compared with traditional-age gonadectomy, among cats adopted from a large animal shelter. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 1,660 cats. PROCEDURE Cats underwent gonadectomy and were adopted from an animal shelter before 1 year of age; follow-up was available for as long as 11 years after surgery (median follow-up time, 3.9 years). Adopters completed a questionnaire about their cats' behavior and medical history. When possible, the cats' veterinary records were reviewed. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify any associations between the occurrence of 47 medical and behavioral conditions and the cats' age at gonadectomy. RESULTS Among male cats that underwent early-age gonadectomy (< 5.5 months of age), the occurrence of abscesses, aggression toward veterinarians, sexual behaviors, and urine spraying was decreased, whereas hiding was increased, compared with cats that underwent gonadectomy at an older age. Among male and female cats that underwent early-age gonadectomy, asthma, gingivitis, and hyperactivity were decreased, whereas shyness was increased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Gonadectomy before 5.5 months of age was not associated with increased rates of death or relinquishment or occurrence of any serious medical or behavioral condition and may provide certain important long-term benefits, especially for male cats. Animal shelters can safely gonadectomize cats at a young age, and veterinarians should consider recommending routine gonadectomy for client-owned cats before the traditional age of 6 to 8 months.
Long-term survival and risk factors associated with biliary surgery in dogs: 34 cases (1994-2004).

OBJECTIVE To determine factors associated with long-term survival after biliary surgery in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 34 dogs that underwent biliary surgery. PROCEDURES Data extracted from medical records included sex, breed, body weight, age at surgery, history and clinical examination findings, preoperative and postoperative CBC, serum biochemical panel and coagulation profiles results, abdominal ultrasonographic findings, results of bacteriologic culture and histologic examination, surgical findings, postoperative complications, and survival time. Follow-up information was obtained from medical records or phone conversations with owners and referring veterinarians. RESULTS Primary biliary findings included gallbladder mucocele (n = 20 dogs), inflammatory diseases (4), trauma (3), and neoplasia (1). Secondary biliary diseases included pancreatitis (n = 4), pancreatic neoplasia (1), and duodenal perforation (1). One- and 2-year survival rates were both 66%. Increasing age; gamma-glutamyltransferase activity; preanesthetic heart rate; BUN, phosphorus, and bilirubin concentrations; and the use of biliary diversion procedures were risk factors for death, although pancreatitis was not. However, poor long-term survival was associated with pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Long-term prognosis was guarded after biliary surgery in dogs. However, dogs that survived the early postoperative period had good long-term prognosis. Dogs with pancreatitis had poor prognosis. Overall, the prognosis was worse for dogs that underwent a biliary diversion, compared with dogs that did not.
GDNF-Secreting Human Neural Progenitor Cells Increase Tyrosine Hydroxylase and VMAT2 Expression in MPTP-Treated Cynomolgus Monkeys

Human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) have been proposed as a potential source of cells for ex vivo gene therapy. In this pilot study, three 5-year-old female cynomolgus monkeys received a single intracarotid infusion of MPTP, followed 1 week later by MRI-guided stereotaxic intrastriatal and intranigral injections of male hNPCs transgenic for GDNF. Immunosupression with oral cyclosporine (30–40 mg/kg) began 48 h before hNPC transplants and continued throughout the study. We monitored the animals using a clinical rating scale (CRS). Three months postsurgery, we euthanized the animals by transcardiac perfusion, then retrieved and processed their brains for morphological analysis. Our findings include the following. 1) hNPCs survived and produced GDNF in all animals 3 months postsurgery. 2) hNPCs remained in the areas of injection as observed by GDNF immunostaining and in situ hybridization for the human Y chromosome. 3) A “halo” of GDNF expression was observed diffusing from the center of the graft out into the surrounding area. 4) We observed increased TH- and VMAT2-positive fibers in areas of GDNF delivery in two of the three animals. The two animals with TH- and VMAT2-positive fibers also showed reductions in their CRS scores. 5) Some GFAP-positive perivascular cuffing was found in transplanted areas. 6) General blood chemistry and necropsies did not reveal any abnormalities. Therefore, we conclude that hNPCs releasing GDNF may be a possible alternative for intracerebral trophic factor delivery in Parkinson's disease.
High-Performance Electrolytic Oxygen Evolution in Neutral Media Catalyzed by a Cobalt Phosphate Nanoarray.

The topotactic conversion of cobalt phosphide nanoarray on Ti mesh into a cobalt phosphate nanoarray (Co-Pi NA) via oxidative polarization in phosphate-buffered water is presented. As a 3D oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst electrode at neutral pH, the resulting Co-Pi NA/Ti shows exceptionally high catalytic activity and demands an overpotential of only 450 mV to drive a geometrical catalytic current density of 10 mA cm-2 . Notably, this catalyst also shows superior long-term electrochemical stability. The excellent catalytic activity can be attributed to that such 3D nanoarray configuration allows for the exposure of more active sites and the easier diffusion of electrolytes and oxygen.
Repatriation of Academics: A Study on Sri Lankan University Lecturers

Although repatriation adjustment is a matter for all re-entry groups, it is not clear if it is an issue for returning academics. The article aims to investigate whether the repatriation adjustment is a matter for academic repatriates. The study was conducted with 63 Sri Lankan academic repatriates who had been attached to a foreign university or academic institution for more than 1 year, had been involved in academic activities and, at the survey date, had returned within the past 2 years. One sample t-test, independent sample t-test and regression analysis were employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The article provides empirical evidence to show that repatriation adjustment is a matter for academic repatriates too. Academics who return to their home university experience less fit to their organization compared to their fit with their home organization before they had left. The article highlights that universities need to take necessary steps to develop policies and procedures to capitalize the knowledge and international experience of returning academics. The findings extend the current scope of literature on repatriation adjustment by identifying a new group of repatriates who are experiencing repatriation adjustment issues.
Determining optimal threshold for glucose control in organ donors after neurologic determination of death: A United Network for Organ Sharing Region 5 Donor Management Goals Workgroup prospective analysis

BACKGROUND The appropriate level of glucose control in organ donors after neurologic determination of death (DNDD) remains uncertain. We hypothesized that a glucose target of 180 mg/dL would be appropriate for optimizing organ transplantation rates and outcomes. METHODS Demographic, critical care, organ transplantation, and graft outcome data were prospectively collected on all DNDDs in United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Region 5 from 2010 to 2012. Glucose levels were assessed at four time points in the organ donation process. The primary outcome measure was having four or more organs transplanted per donor (OTPD). Univariate analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between glucose levels and OTPD, organ transplantation rates, and graft function. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of four or more OTPDs. Glucose levels were analyzed at the following cutoff points: 150 or less, 180, and 200 mg/dL. Results with a p < 0.05 are listed. RESULTS A total of 1,611 DNDDs had a mean (SD) age of 38 (17) years and 3.4 (1.7) OTPDs. Forty-one percent had four or more OTPDs. Glucose levels of 150 mg/dL or less were not associated with differences in organ use. Levels of 180 mg/dL or less were associated with more OTPDs (3.5 vs. 3.2), a higher rate of four or more OTPDs (42% vs. 34%), and more heart (34% vs. 28%), pancreas (18% vs. 11%), and kidney (85% vs. 81%) use. Levels of 200 mg/dL or less revealed similar results. However, only a level of 180 mg/dL or less was an independent predictor of four or more OTPDs (odds ratio, 1.4). All three levels were associated with higher kidney graft survival after a mean (SD) of 10 (6.0) months of follow-up (97% vs. 95%). CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia is common in DNDDs and is associated with lower organ transplantation rates and worse graft outcomes. Targeting a glucose level of 180 mg/dL or less seems to preserve outcomes and is consistent with general critical care guidelines. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level II.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Toxin on Maturation and Extracellular Release of Procathepsin D and on Epidermal Growth Factor Degradation*

The effect of vacuolating toxin (VacA) fromHelicobacter pylori on endosomal and lysosomal functions was studied by following procathepsin D maturation and epidermal growth factor (EGF) degradation in HeLa cells exposed to the toxin. VacA inhibited the conversion of procathepsin D (53 kDa) into both the intermediate (47 kDa) and the mature (31 kDa) form. Nonprocessed cathepsin D was partly retained inside cells and partly secreted in the extracellular medium via the constitutive secretion pathway. Intracellular degradation of EGF was also inhibited by VacA with a similar dose-response curve. VacA did not alter endocytosis, cell surface recycling, and retrograde transport from plasma membrane totrans-Golgi network and endoplasmic reticulum, as estimated by using transferrin, diphtheria toxin, and ricin as tracers. Subcellular fractionation of intoxicated cells showed that procathepsin D and nondegraded EGF accumulate in lysosomes. Measurements of intracellular acidification with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran revealed a partial neutralization of the lumen of endosomes and lysosomes, sufficient to account for both mistargeting of procathepsin D outside the cell and the decreased activity of lysosomal proteases.