Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First simultaneous SST/CRISP and IRIS observations of a small-scale quiet Sun vortex

Ubiquitous small-scale vortices have recently been found in the lower atmosphere of the quiet Sun in state-of-the-art solar observations and in numerical simulations. We investigate the characteristics and temporal evolution of a granular-scale vortex and its associated upflows through the photosphere and chromosphere of a quiet Sun internetwork region. We analyzed high spatial and temporal resolution ground- and spaced-based observations of a quiet Sun region. The observations consist of high-cadence time series of wideband and narrowband images of both H-alpha 6563 A and Ca II 8542 A lines obtained with the CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) instrument at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST), as well as ultraviolet imaging and spectral data simultaneously obtained by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). A small-scale vortex is observed for the first time simultaneously in H-alpha, Ca II 8542 A, and Mg II k lines. During the evolution of the vortex, H-alpha narrowband images at -0.77 A and Ca II 8542 A narrowband images at -0.5 A, and their corresponding Doppler Signal maps, clearly show consecutive high-speed upflow events in the vortex region. These high-speed upflows with a size of 0.5-1 Mm appear in the shape of spiral arms and exhibit two distinctive apparent motions in the plane of sky for a few minutes: (1) a swirling motion with an average speed of 13 km/s and (2) an expanding motion at a rate of 4-6 km/s. Furthermore, the spectral analysis of Mg II k and Mg II subordinate lines in the vortex region indicates an upward velocity of up to about 8 km/s along with a higher temperature compared to the nearby quiet Sun chromosphere. The consecutive small-scale vortex events can heat the upper chromosphere by driving continuous high-speed upflows through the lower atmosphere.
Phytoplankton dynamics during an in situ iron enrichment experiment (EisenEx) in the Southern Ocean: a comparative study of field and bottle incubation measurements

Composition, physiology and growth response of 5 size classes of phytoplankton, rang- ing from 0.7 to 20 µm, was studied in an in situ iron enrichment experiment (EisenEx) and in bottle incubations in the Southern Ocean during austral spring 2000. In the field, iron enrichment resulted in only minor changes in numerical abundance, cell carbon content, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv:Fm) and the percentage of live cells of Synechococcus spp. and pico-eukaryotes (<2 µm). In these 2 groups, only cellular chlorophyll a (chl a) content increased (by 20 and 100%, respectively). The physiological conditions of the 2 to 20 µm cells improved significantly, but a statistically significant (3- fold higher) biomass was observed only in the largest size fraction (8 to 20 µm). Bottle experiment results were comparable with in situ results, except that the responses occurred earlier. In addition, the total increase in biomass was much larger than that in the field (100- and 25-fold increase for cell carbon and chl a content, respectively). In this respect the control and the iron-enriched bottles showed a comparable trend, suggesting that, next to iron, light was probably a factor of great impor- tance. In the field, phytoplankton cells experience rapidly changing light conditions due to wind- induced turbulence that causes mixing of the water column. In addition to iron-limitation, this results in a generally poor physiological condition of algae in the field. This light-stressor mainly affected the smallest algal size classes (<8 µm). In larger cells, iron enrichment partly compensated for this nega- tive light effect, resulting in a final dominance of larger phytoplankton.
Relaxation of Free Volume in Polycarbonate and Polystyrene Studied by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy

We present the time evolution of polycarbonate and polystyrene free volume probed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, which occurs after thermal rejuvenation above the glass transition temperature (Tg) and after plastic deformation via cold rolling. The ortho-positronium (τo−Ps) lifetime and its intensity (Io−Ps) are used to characterise, respectively, size and concentration of the free volume holes. Our results suggest that the effect of plastic deformation on the polymer microstructure is far different from that of a thermally rejuvenated sample contrarily to common beliefs. In particular, plastic deformation results in an increase in τo−Ps and a decrease in Io−Ps, whereas rejuvenation above Tg results in an increase in Io−Ps while τo−Ps remains unchanged. In addition, physical aging below Tg after plastic deformation manifests as a reduction of τo−Ps, whereas a decrease in Io−Ps is observed after thermal rejuvenation. These results corroborate the idea of an amorphous–amorphous transition induced by plastic deformation.
Post-harvest evaluation of selected inbred lines to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais resistance

Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is a major maize (Zea mays L.) storage insect pest in the tropics which reduces the quantity and quality of maize hence facilitating establishment of aflatoxin and other mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to evaluate maize weevil resistance on selected inbred lines. Twenty eight inbred lines with 2 checks (MTPO701-reistant and Duma 41-susceptible) were used in this experiment. Thirty unsexed adult insects were introduced into 250 ml glass jars with grains of the lines at room temperature. Evaluation of weevil damage was done at 10, 60 and 120 days after maize weevil infestation. Each category of storage period was replicated 4 times and experiment was set at the same time. Data was collected on percent weevil damage, grain weight loss and number of live and dead weevils on each inbred line. ANOVA analysis showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) on weight loss. The selection of the resistant genotypes was based on percent weight loss after 60 days. Resistant lines selected included KEN2/TZL2.25# and LEPOOL-1/TZL2-2-1. These lines showed resistance to maize weevil damage and hence can be stored up to 4 months. At 120 days there was maximum damage and most lines could not be differentiated on the basis of resistance. KEN2/TZL2-2-5# showed consistency in resistance to maize weevils at all storage periods. High heritability at 60 days showed that selection for weevil resistance in these inbred lines is effective and feasible. Results in this study also revealed high, positive and significant correlation relationship between percent damage, weight loss and live weevils. The maize weevil resistant lines can be used to improve resistance of high yielding varieties in breeding programmes. Key words: Inbred lines, maize, post-harvest, resistance, Sitophillus zeamais.
Effectiveness of Narrative Therapy in Reducing Aggression and Stubborn Preschoolers

The main objective of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of narrative therapy in reducing aggression and stubbornness of preschool children. This is applied research and pre-test, post-test with control group. Study's population was 5 to 6 years girl and boy students in Zanjan city. This experiment with 50 preschool children was done through children's symptoms inventory (CSI-4) and Aggression in Preschool test of Vahedi et al was performed on these children. According to results of these tests, 20 children including two groups (10 children from Group controls and 10 children from Experimental Group) and aggressive group 16 children including two groups (8 children from Group controls and 8 children from experimental Group) randomized in this group. Then the therapist of 10 stories and 10 stories on the subject loggerheads with issue of aggression and stories for children headstrong and after elections in 10 sessions and 10 sessions offered for aggressive children. The control group received no intervention. In the end, after post-test and analysis of covariance was significant difference between groups. Test results confirmed the hypothesis and efficiency of stories and showed its structure in solving problems of children.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CAPABILITY PROFILE OF 3-D PRINTING: AN UPDATE

Knowledge about the capabilities of a production system is an important issue. The three- dimensional (3-D) printing (drop-on-bed) process has become a well-established Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology. Initially intended for use mainly as a concept modeller, its scope of application has expanded to include, among others, fit and functional models, pattern-making for casting and moulding processes, rapid tooling, and medical and architectural models. This growth in applications has stimulated a reciprocal improvement in available materials and the technological capabilities of 3-D printing, such as accuracy, strength and elongation, surface finish, build time, and cost. These factors are of significance to users who want to control their processes better and to designers who want to define their expectations and determine their requirements. Thus this paper aims to provide a technical update, highlighting the influence level of different factors on a system’s capabilities. This paper uses the example of the ZPrinter 310 system from the Z Corporation, applies appropriate statistical techniques, and takes into consideration the latest material and machine developments, in order to report on the current improvements of the capability profile of this important process.
Prevalence of recR gene in Campylobacter spp. isolated from domestic animals and water

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received 4 January 2017 Accepted 19 April 2017 Available online 1 June 2017 Although, many genes are involved in pathogenesis of Campylobacter, racR gene considered the main gene for Campylobacter pathogenicity in humans.The purpose of this study was determined the prevalence of recR gene in Campylobacter spp. isolated from domestic animals and water. To perform the study 392 fecal and water samples were collected from poultry (182), cow (141), sheep (25) and goat (16) and water (28). All samples were subjected for isolation of Campylobacter spp. using prêt KB method and the presumptive isolates authenticated by DNA sequencing of 16srRNA genes. Finally, Campylobacter isolates assessed for detection of racR gene. The results obtained indicated that 50 strains of Campylobacter spp. were isolated. High isolate frequency (37/50) was for Poultry and low frequency (2/50) was for sheep and goat. Of All isolates thirty six strains were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and the rest (14 isolates) was Campylobacter coli. The genome of 30 (83.3%) C.jejuni and 14 (100%) C.coli were contained racR gene. Hence based on foregoing evidence racR gene existed approximately in all isolates. Therefore, Campylobacter strains isolated from different sources could be considered infectious agent for human. It is because phenotypical character inducted by racR gene (colonization and heat tolerance) helps them to survive and cause infection.
An incomplete markets explanation of the UIP puzzle

A large literature attributes failure of uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) to the existence of a timevarying risk premium. This paper presents a mechanism in a simple two-country two-good endowment economy with incomplete markets that generates sizeable deviations from UIP. In a parameterization where international wealth effects are important, liquidity constraints on an internationally traded bond and agents' strong resulting precautionary motives successfully generates a time-varying risk premium: countries that have accumulated large outstanding external positions have, being closer to the constraints, stronger precautionary motives and their asset carries a risk premium.
Determinants of Port Performance – Evidence from Major Ports in India – A Panel Approach

The present study’s motivation is to identify the determinant factors for port efficiency of major ports in India during 1993 – 2011. For identifying the factors panel data models like pooled ordinary least square method, fixed effect model and random effect model are used. The hypothesis tested here is outside factors also influence port performance. The results of the study indicated that berth throughput, operating expenses and number of employees affect port efficiency in a significant positive manner, whereas cargo equipment’s and idle time shows negative but significant effect on port efficiency. From the study the inference drawn that only inside factors of the ports are the major determining factors of the performance of ports compare with outside factors.
Impacts of Rising Food Prices on Poverty and Welfare in Vietnam

This paper examines the impacts of rising food prices on poverty and welfare in Vietnam. Increases in food prices raise the real incomes of those selling food, but reduce the welfare of net food purchasers. Overall, the net impact of higher food prices on an average Vietnamese household's welfare is positive. However, the benefits and costs are not spread evenly across the population. A majority of the population would be worse off from increases in food prices. More specifically, a uniform increase in both food consumer and producer prices would reduce the welfare of 56 percent of Vietnamese households. Similarly, a uniform increase in the price of rice would reduce the welfare of about 54 percent of rural households and about 92 percent of urban households. The reason why average household welfare increases is that the average welfare loss of the households whose welfare declines (net purchasers) is smaller than the average welfare gain of the households whose welfare increases (net sellers). A relatively small increase in food prices reduces poverty rate slightly because poorer households in Vietnam tend to be net sellers. However, a large food price increase, for example a 50 percent increase, may increase the poverty rate.
Linear theory of the mirror instability in non‐Maxwellian space plasmas

[1] A unified theory of the mirror instability in space plasmas is developed. In the standard quasi-hydrodynamic approach, the most general mirror-mode dispersion relation is derived and the growth rate of the mirror instability is obtained in terms of arbitrary electron and ion velocity distribution functions. Finite electron temperature effects and arbitrary electron temperature anisotropies are included. The new dispersion relation allows the treatment of more general space plasma equilibria such as the Dory-Guest-Harris (DGH) or Kennel-Ashour-Abdalla (KA) loss cone equilibria, as well as distributions with power law velocity dependence that are modeled by the family of κ-distributions. Under these conditions, we derive the general kinetic mirror instability growth rate including finite electron temperature effects. As for an example of equilibrium particle distribution, we analyze a large class of κ to suprathermal loss cone distributions in view of application to a variety of space plasmas like the solar wind, magnetosheath, ring current plasma, and the magnetospheres of other planets.
Bad loans and efficiency in Italian banks

The problem of taking into account the quality attributes of different goods has a long tradition in economics A strand of literature deals with the environmental impacts in the measurement of efficiency and productivity growth. Fare et al. (1989) indeed started what has become now a relatively vast literature extending efficiency measurement when some outputs are undesirable. The central notion of this paper is that of weak disposability of outputs. To credit firms for their effort to cut off on pollutants, technology is modeled so that it can handle the case when the reduction of some (bad) outputs requires the reduction of some of the other outputs and/or the increase of inputs.Besides the concept of output weak disposability, an interesting and useful idea for this setting is the directional distance function, a generalization of the radial distance function introduced to production economics by Chambers, Chung and Fare (1996). In this fashion it is possible to evaluate the performance of the firms that need to increase the production of the good outputs and decrease that bad outputs.
Fatty acid profile of m. longissimus dorsi ofMangalitsa and Moravka pig breeds

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and fatty acid content in m. longissimus dorsi (MLD) of two indigenous pig breeds (ML – Swallow-belly Mangalitsa and M – Moravka) reared in free range farm conditions and fed complete mixtures used for commercial meat pig genotypes. The body mass of ML and M pigs at slaughter was,on average, 107.14 and 107.61 kg, respectively. In MLD of M pigs, more total fat was measured compared to ML breed (6.96 % compared to 5.10 %, P 0.05). The n-6/n-3 ratio was higher than optimal (18.7 for breed ML and 13.7 for M).
Financing Irrelevance in Corporate Investment Decisions: Evidence from Acquisitions

We study whether the source of financing affects the value of an investment project in the context of acquisitions. A stock-financed acquisition announcement is a joint announcement of a takeover and an equity issue. Using SEO announcement returns, we estimate through linear prediction and propensity-score matching the share price drop that stock acquirers experience due to the financing choice. Net of this effect, stock-financed acquisitions are not value destructive, and the method of payment has no further explanatory power in the crosssection of acquirer returns. This is consistent with the financing irrelevance principle and inconsistent with the agency costs of overvalued equity story.
Comparative effect of high pressure processing and traditional thermal treatment on the physicochemical, microbiology, and sensory analysis of olive jam

In the present work the effect of the processing by high hydrostatic pressures (HPP) was assessed as an alternative to the thermal treatment of pasteurization in olive jam. The effects of both treatments on the product after processing were compared and stability during storage under refrigeration was assessed through the characterization of physicochemical, microbiological and sensory aspects. To assess the effect of processing, two HPP treatments (450 and 600MPa) and thermal pasteurization (80 °C for 20 min) were applied, comparing them with the unprocessed product. HPP 600MPa versus the rest of treatments showed a reduction in microorganisms, greater clarity and less browning, and sensory acceptance. The shelf-life of the refrigerated product would indicate the feasibility of the application of the HPP technology for food with similar shelf-life to that obtained with the traditional treatment of pasteurization, but with a better sensory quality.
From ultraluminous X-ray sources to ultraluminous supersoft sources: NGC 55 ULX, the missing link

In recent work with high-resolution grating spectrometers (RGS) aboard XMM-Newton Pinto et al. (2016) have discovered that two bright and archetypal ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have strong relativistic winds in agreement with theoretical predictions of high accretion rates. It has been proposed that such winds can become optically thick enough to block and reprocess the disk X-ray photons almost entirely, making the source appear as a soft thermal emitter or ultraluminous supersoft X-ray source (ULS). To test this hypothesis we have studied a ULX where the wind is strong enough to cause significant absorption of the hard X-ray continuum: NGC 55 ULX. The RGS spectrum of NGC 55 ULX shows a wealth of emission and absorption lines blueshifted by significant fractions of the light speed (0.01 − 0.20)c indicating the presence of a powerful wind. The wind has a complex dynamical structure with the ionization state increasing with the outflow velocity, which may indicate launching from different regions of the accretion disk. The comparison with other ULXs such as NGC 1313 X-1 and NGC 5408 X-1 suggests that NGC 55 ULX is being observed at higher inclination. The wind partly absorbs the source flux above 1 keV, generating a spectral drop similar to that observed in ULSs. The softening of the spectrum at lower (∼ Eddington) luminosities and the detection of a soft lag agree with the scenario of wind clumps crossing the line of sight, partly absorbing and reprocessing the hard X-rays from the innermost region.
Long-term multicolour photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy of the two gamma Doradus stars HD 12901 and HD 48501

We gathered long-term multicolour Geneva UB1BB2V1VG photometric and high-resolution (R = 40 000) spectro- scopic data of the two γ Doradus stars HD 12901 and HD 48501. The photometry reveals three frequencies for each of the two stars: f1 = 1.21563 c d −1 , f2 = 1.39594 c d −1 and f3 = 2.18636 c d −1 for HD 12901 and f1 = 1.09408 c d −1 , f2 = 1.29054 c d −1 and f3 = 1.19924 c d −1 for HD 48501. The photometric amplitude is each time largest in the Geneva B1 filter and the variations in all the different filters are perfectly in phase within the measurement errors. Mode identification points out that the six modes are all � = 1 modes and that the non-adiabatic temperature variations are extremely small, in contradiction to current theo- retical predictions. Our spectra show that all the observed frequencies are intrinsic to the stars and cannot be due to binarity. We detect clear line-profile variations at low amplitude (< 1k m s −1 ) due to the oscillations of both targets. The estimated v sin i from the spectra are ∼53 km s −1 for HD 12901 and ∼29 km s −1 for HD 48501. It is at present unclear if the triplet-like structure for HD 48501 is the consequence of rotational splitting or of the large separation expected for high-order gravity modes in the asymptotic regime.
On groundwater fluctuations, evapotranspiration, and understory removal in riparian corridors

This study utilizes 7 years of continuously monitored groundwater‐level data from four sites along the Río Grande riparian corridor in central New Mexico to calculate evapotranspiration from groundwater and assess impacts of understory vegetation removal during a restoration project. Diurnal groundwater fluctuation measurements were used to compare the well‐known White method for estimating evapotranspiration from groundwater (ETg) to colocated measurements of total riparian evapotranspiration (ET) measured using the eddy covariance method. On average, the two methods were linearly correlated and had similar variability, but groundwater hydrograph estimates of ETg tended to be larger than tower ET estimates. Average ETg estimates for two wells at one site ranged from 91.45% to 164.77% of measured tower ET estimates, but were also shown to range from 57.35% to 254.34% at another site. Comparisons between the methods improved with deeper water tables, reduced groundwater and river connectivity, and where soil profiles were dominated by coarse‐sized particles. Using a range of texture‐based estimates of specific yield (Sy) with water table position improves the field application of the White method. River‐induced fluctuations in groundwater increased the variability of ETg measurements. Removal of understory vegetation at one site resulted in a small but significant reduction in diel groundwater fluctuation amplitude of 19–21%. Caution is required when understory vegetation removal is used as a means to decrease overall riparian ET. Diel groundwater fluctuation amplitudes can be useful in gauging the hydrological effects of vegetation removal. Riparian groundwater hydrographs are critical to investigating the hydrologic connectivity between river and shallow groundwater, the temporal patterns of vegetative consumption, and monitoring changes to the vegetation community.