Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fibrous feeds for functional fowls

Fibres are not digested by fowls, but their impact on digestive physiology, nutrient metabolism and intestinal microflora can be substantial. Analytical shortcomings have historically contributed to different notions on the significance of fibres, but modern techniques now enable us to better discriminate between various fractions of fibre and relate them with the performance of poultry. The four present studies examined relationships between different qualities and means of providing fibres, and the functionality of broiler chickens and laying hens. In broiler chickens, increasing the dietary levels of insoluble fibres stimulated fat and protein digestion, but not in a dose-dependent manner. In the small intestine, these effects were mirrored in altered tissue morphology and luminal microflora composition. Moreover, addressing the negative effects of soluble fibres in wheat on digestion by adding a xylanase to the diet improved feed utilization. These effects were not mirrored by macroscopic or microscopic changes of the small intestine. Effects similar to those of the xylanase were achieved by adding a protease, but not a coccidiostat, to the diet. There were no signs of the effects of the two enzymes being additive. In laying hens, supplementary roughage reduced beak-inflicted injuries and improved feed efficiency; the latter finding likely reflecting better plumage conditions. Increased dietary levels of fibres and fat reduced the liver fat and tended to improve feed efficiency; the latter result probably explained by beneficial effects of added fat on digestion. The diet with more fat and fibres also impaired the hygienic conditions in the stable, presumably due to the fibre fraction being mainly soluble in nature. Experimental lines of hens predisposed to perform severe feather pecking preferred a diet supplemented with spelt hulls more than corresponding hens not predisposed to perform severe feather pecking. This finding supported previous indications that injurious pecking correlates with the fibre content of the feed. It was concluded that the significance of fibres in poultry nutrition largely depends on the quality of fibres. Whereas soluble fibres primarily acted detrimentally on the functionality of the birds, insoluble fibres tended to act in the opposite direction. In poultry nutrition experiments, however, it remains difficult to separate the effects of increasing amounts of fibrous feedstuffs from those of simultaneous dietary fat supplementation, nutrient dilution or ingestion of fibrous materials such as litter.
Recovery of acute renal failure and nephrotic syndrome following autologous stem cell transplantation for primary (AL) amyloidosis.

Primary AL amyloidosis is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin light-chain protein. The latter forms insoluble fibrils with -pleated sheet configuration within a variety of tissues, resulting in severe organ dysfunction and poor outcome. In patients with primary AL amyloidosis, cyclic treatment with melphalan and prednisone improves by 2-fold median survival from 8 to 18 months [1]. However, this regimen affords no benefit on renal survival, while kidney involvement occurs in 48–82% of patients [1,2]. The most common renal manifestations include nephrotic-range proteinuria and progressive renal failure that ultimately require dialysis support in one-third of all cases [3]. To break down the production of the amyloidogenic immunoglobulin by the underlying B-cell clone and stop tissue deposition, dose-intensive melphalan with autologous blood stem cell support is currently under evaluation in primary AL amyloidosis [4]. We report the case of a 50-year-old woman with primary AL amyloidosis who experienced a complete recovery of both nephrotic syndrome and protracted anuric renal failure after high-dose melphalan and autologous blood stem cell transplantation (SCT). Case
Corticobasal degeneration and its relationship to progressive supranuclear palsy and frontotemporal dementia

In 1967, J. J. Rebeiz, E. H. Kolodny, and E. P. Richardson described three patients with a progressive asymmetrical akinetic-rigid syndrome and apraxia and labeled these cases corticodentatonigral degeneration with neuronal achromasia. They recognized the resemblance of the pathology to Pick’s disease, particularly the neuronal achromasia, also called Pick cells. Although there were few additional reports for the next 20 years, interest in this disorder has increased significantly since the early 1990s, when it was renamed corticobasal degeneration (CBD). The core clinical features that have been considered characteristic of the disorder include progressive asymmetrical rigidity and apraxia, with other findings suggesting additional cortical (eg, alien limb phenomena, cortical sensory loss, myoclonus) and basal ganglionic (eg, bradykinesia, dystonia, tremor) dysfunction. Recently the relationships of CBD to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been recognized, which include clinical, pathological, biochemical, and genetic features. The terminology relating to CBD is confusing not only because several terms have been applied to the disorder, such as corticonigral degeneration, corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, as well as CBD, but also because the constellation of clinical features may be seen with pathology other than CBD. Others have suggested syndromic terms such as corticobasal syndrome, corticobasal degeneration syndrome, and progressive asymmetrical rigidity and apraxia syndrome. There are reasonable arguments for and against each of the syndromic terms, and although consensus on the terminology has not been established, some now use the term corticobasal syndrome. In this review, we use the term corticobasal syndrome (CBS) to characterize the constellation of clinical features initially considered the defining characteristics of corticobasal degeneration and reserve use of the term corticobasal degeneration (CBD) for the histopathological disorder.
Bayesian cure rate model accommodating multiplicative and additive covariates

We propose a class of Bayesian cure rate models by incorporating a baseline density function as well as multiplicative and additive covariate structures. Our model naturally accommodates zero and non-zero cure rates, which provides an objective way to examine the existence of a survival fraction in the failure time data. An inherent parameter constraint needs to be incorporated into the model formulation due to the additive covariates. Within the Bayesian paradigm, we take a Markov gamma process prior to model the baseline hazard rate, and mixture prior distributions for the parameters in the additive component of the model. We implement a Markov chain Monte Carlo computational scheme to sample from the full conditional distributions of the posterior. We conduct simulation studies to assess the estimation and inference properties of the proposed model, and illustrate it with data from a bone marrow transplant study. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 62N01; secondary 62N03.
catena-Poly[1,4-dihydroxy-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane [aquatri-μ-chlorido-trichloridodicuprate(II)]].

The title compound, {(C6H14N2O2)[Cu2Cl6(H2O)]}n, consists of 1,4-dihydroxy-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2. 2]octane dications and one-dimensional inorganic anionic {[Cu2Cl6(H2O)](2-)}n chains in which both five-coordinate [CuCl3(H2O)](-) and five-coordinate [CuCl3](-) units exist. These two distinct type of unit are linked together by one chloride ion and are bridged across centres of inversion to further units of their own type through two chloride ions, giving rise to novel polymeric zigzag chains parallel to the c axis. The chains are connected by O-H···Cl hydrogen bonds to produce R2(4)(16) ring motifs, resulting in two-dimensional layers parallel to the ac plane. These layers are linked into a three-dimensional framework with the organic cations via O-H···Cl hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonding between the chains, and between the chains and the organic cations, provides stability to the crystal structure.
Dynamic Mapping of Rice Growth Parameters Using HJ-1 CCD Time Series Data

The high temporal resolution (4-day) charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras onboard small environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting satellites (HJ-1A/B) with 30 m spatial resolution and large swath (700 km) have substantially increased the availability of regional clear sky optical remote sensing data. For the application of dynamic mapping of rice growth parameters, leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground biomass (AGB) were considered as plant growth indicators. The HJ-1 CCD-derived vegetation indices (VIs) showed robust relationships with rice growth parameters. Cumulative VIs showed strong performance for the estimation of total dry AGB. The cross-validation coefficient of determination ( R C V 2 ) was increased by using two machine learning methods, i.e., a back propagation neural network (BPNN) and a support vector machine (SVM) compared with traditional regression equations of LAI retrieval. The LAI inversion accuracy was further improved by dividing the rice growth period into before and after heading stages. This study demonstrated that continuous rice growth monitoring over time and space at field level can be implemented effectively with HJ-1 CCD 10-day composite data using a combination of proper VIs and regression models.
An employment contract with fairness preference

This paper explores the problem of principal's optimal decision on employment contract design, from the principal's perspective of maximizing the expected welfare in an uncertain environment with one principal and two agents, where both the two agents have properties of fairness preference. By describing the agents' effort as random variables, and devising the contract as a vector with two dimensions: fixed wage variable and share proportion variable, a new employment contract model with fairness preference is developed in the framework of incentive theory, particularly, the properties of the optimal efforts are discussed. The results show that the agents' optimal efforts are independent to the fixed wage, but increasing with respect to the share proportion, moreover, the agents would like to spend more effort to increase the output, if himself is fairness preferred, or the other agent is competitive preferred.
Aflatoxin M1 in the intermediate dairy products from Manchego cheese production: distribution and stability.

-1 ,�andwasusedtoproduceManchegocheese. �AFM 1 �determinationswerecarriedoutby� HPLCwithfluorimetricdetectionafterimmunoaffinityclean-up. �ThemeanAFM 1 �concentrations� intheproducedcurdandManchegocheesewereapproximately�2-�and�3-foldhigherthantheinitial� milktheyweremadefrom,�andthelevelsofthistoxinremaininginwheywere�42.3�%�and�51.3�%�of� theinitial � concentrations. �IntheRequesonsamples,�themeanAFM 1 �valueswere�1.7�timeshigherthan� thoseinthecorrespondingwhey,�while�33.7�%�and�44.4�%�oftheAFM 1 �concentrationdetectedinmilk� alsoappearedintheRequesonwhey. �Shortrefrigerationandfreezingperiodsdidnotaffectthetoxin� levelsineithercurdorRequesonsamples. �Whenewe'smilkdestinedforManchegocheese-making� isAFM 1 -contaminatedattheEUlimitlevel�(50�ngkg -1 )�ordouble,�aconcentrationofthistoxinwill� appearinthemanufacturedproducts,�butvalueswillbeconsiderablybelowthetoxicdoses�(Tolerable� DailyIntake�=�2�ngkg -1 �bodyweightperday),�whichposesahumanhealthproblem.
Memory loss in a nonnavigational spatial task after hippocampal inactivation in monkeys

Significance Although the hippocampus has a well-documented role for spatial navigation across species, its role for spatial memory in nonnavigational tasks is uncertain. Thus, when monkeys are tested in tasks that do not require navigation through space, spatial memory seems unaffected by hippocampal lesions. However, the interpretation of these results is compromised by long-term compensatory adaptation occurring in the days and weeks after lesions. To preclude long-term compensation, we transiently inactivated hippocampus at the time of testing. Hippocampal inactivation reduced performance on a nonnavigational spatial memory task to chance levels. These data align the role of hippocampus for spatial memory in monkeys with the broader literature while simultaneously demonstrating the efficacy of inactivation of hippocampus in monkeys. The hippocampus has a well-documented role for spatial navigation across species, but its role for spatial memory in nonnavigational tasks is uncertain. In particular, when monkeys are tested in tasks that do not require navigation, spatial memory seems unaffected by lesions of the hippocampus. However, the interpretation of these results is compromised by long-term compensatory adaptation occurring in the days and weeks after lesions. To test the hypothesis that hippocampus is necessary for nonnavigational spatial memory, we selected a technique that avoids long-term compensatory adaptation. We transiently disrupted hippocampal function acutely at the time of testing by microinfusion of the glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenate. Animals were tested on a self-ordered spatial memory task, the Hamilton Search Task. In the task, animals are presented with an array of eight boxes, each containing a food reinforcer; one box may be opened per trial, with trials separated by a delay. Only the spatial location of the boxes serves as a cue to solve the task. The optimal strategy is to open each box once without returning to previously visited locations. Transient inactivation of hippocampus reduced performance to chance levels in a delay-dependent manner. In contrast, no deficits were seen when boxes were marked with nonspatial cues (color). These results clearly document a role for hippocampus in nonnavigational spatial memory in macaques and demonstrate the efficacy of pharmacological inactivation of this structure in this species. Our data bring the role of the hippocampus in monkeys into alignment with the broader framework of hippocampal function.
Assessment of different methods for diagnosing dental caries in epidemiological surveys.

AIMS The aims of the study were: (i) to assess different clinical diagnostic methods of dental caries during epidemiological surveys; (ii) to determine which combinations of methods and diagnostic adjuncts show the best performances in epidemiological surveys when compared with examinations performed in a traditional dental setting (standard); (iii) to evaluate the influence of including noncavitated (NC) lesions in dental caries estimation. METHODS Forty 12-year-old children were divided into low and moderate caries prevalence groups. The individuals were submitted to 12 epidemiological examinations (in an outdoor setting), which combined three methods (blade, mirror and mirror + CPI (Community Periodontal Index) dental probe) with or without diagnostic adjuncts (previous dental brushing and dental drying). The last examination was performed in a traditional dental setting (standard examination). The unit of measure was the DMFS (decayed, missing and filled surfaces) index according to WHO criteria. The variance analysis, Dunnet's and Tukey's tests were applied. RESULTS For the DMFS analysis, the visual/tactile method, with or without diagnostic adjuncts, was the best method for both groups, presenting a performance higher than 90% when compared with the standard examination, except for the examinations without previous dental brushing for the low caries prevalence group. Previous dental brushing was more relevant than dental drying (P = 0.0054). All of the epidemiological examinations underestimated the NC diagnosis even with the association of diagnostic adjuncts when compared with the standard examination. CONCLUSION The visual-tactile (for both groups) and the visual (mirror) methods plus dental brushing (for the moderate group) are appropriate for diagnosing cavitated lesions, but not NC lesions.
Breast Edema in Patients Undergoing Breast‐Conserving Treatment for Breast Cancer: Assessment via High Frequency Ultrasound

Abstract: To identify factors that can influence breast edema in women undergoing breast‐conserving therapy. Breast edema was assessed clinically and via high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) prior to, during and following radiotherapy. Fifty‐four women were assessed. Breast edema was present prior to radiotherapy in patients who had undergone level 2 node dissection or had wound infection after sentinel node dissection. Edema increased during and after radiotherapy and peaked at 4–6 months. The time course of breast edema was related to the extent of nodal dissection, postoperative wound infection and regional radiotherapy. HFUS prior to irradiation was found to be no better than clinical assessment in predicting prolonged parenchymal breast edema but was significantly better at the end of irradiation. Breast edema levels are minimal in patients who do not undergo axillary node dissection or have an uncomplicated sentinel node dissection. Most edema is due to compromise of the draining lymphatics, which relates largely to the extent of axillary node dissection. HFUS appears to be a useful in the research setting in quantifying the effect of techniques that aim to reduce complications such as edema.
Efficient Feature Selection Technique for Network Intrusion Detection System Using Discrete Differential Evolution and Decision

Network intrusion is a critical challenge in information and communication systems amongst other forms of fraud perpetrated over the Internet. Despite the various traditional techniques proposed to prevent this intrusion, the threat persists. These days, intrusion detection systems (IDS) are faced with detecting attacks in large streams of connections due to the sporadic increase in network traﬃcs. Although machine learning (ML) has been introduced in IDS to deal with ﬁnding patterns in big data, the irrelevant features in the data tend to degrade both the speed and accuracy of detection of attacks. Also, it increases the computational resource needed during training and testing of IDS models. Therefore, in this paper, we seek to ﬁnd the optimal feature set using discretized diﬀerential evolution (DDE) and C4.5 ML algorithm from NSL-KDD standard intrusion dataset. The result obtained shows a signiﬁcant improvement in detection accuracy, a reduction in training and testing time using the reduced feature set. The method also buttresses the fact that diﬀerential evolution (DE) is not limited to optimization of continuous problems but work well for discrete optimization.
Targeting neural precursors in the adult brain rescues injured dopamine neurons

In Parkinson's disease, multiple cell types in many brain regions are afflicted. As a consequence, a therapeutic strategy that activates a general neuroprotective response may be valuable. We have previously shown that Notch ligands support neural precursor cells in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that neural precursors express the angiopoietin receptor Tie2 and that injections of angiopoietin2 activate precursors in the adult brain. Signaling downstream of Tie2 and the Notch receptor regulate blood vessel formation. In the adult brain, angiopoietin2 and the Notch ligand Dll4 activate neural precursors with opposing effects on the density of blood vessels. A model of Parkinson's disease was used to show that angiopoietin2 and Dll4 rescue injured dopamine neurons with motor behavioral improvement. A combination of growth factors with little impact on the vasculature retains the ability to stimulate neural precursors and protect dopamine neurons. The cellular and pharmacological basis of the neuroprotective effects achieved by these single treatments merits further analysis.
On Sparse Compression Complexity of Speech Signals

In this paper, we have addressed the issue of the sparse compression complexity for the speech signals. First of all, this work illustrated the effect of the signal length on the complexity levels of Matching Pursuit (MP) and Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithms. Also, this paper introduced a study of possibility to reduce that complexity by exploiting the shared atoms among the contiguous speech compressions. By comparing the shared atoms levels and a threshold level induced by an analytic model based on the both the central and non-central hyper-geometric distributions, we proved the ability of the shared atoms criterion to detect if there is biasing towards a subspace of atoms or not, and to decide if the biasing occurs due to the redundancy in the dictionary of atoms, or due to the redundancy in the signal itself. Moreover, we suggested a subspace bias-based approaches for complexity reduction called "Atoms Reuse" and "Active Cluster". Both methods exploits the higher levels of the shared atoms to reduce the compression complexity by reducing the search space during the pursuit iterations.
Developing portfolios of water supply transfers

Most cities rely on firm water supply capacity to meet demand, but increasing scarcity and supply costs are encouraging greater use of temporary transfers (e.g., spot leases, options). This raises questions regarding how best to coordinate the use of these transfers in meeting cost and reliability objectives. This paper combines a hydrologic–water market simulation with an optimization approach to identify portfolios of permanent rights, options, and leases that minimize the expected costs of meeting a city's annual demand with a specified reliability. Spot market prices are linked to hydrologic conditions and described by monthly lease price distributions which are used to price options via a risk‐neutral approach. Monthly choices regarding when and how much water to acquire through temporary transfers are made on the basis of anticipatory decision rules related to the ratio of expected supply to expected demand. The simulation is linked with an algorithm that uses an implicit filtering search method designed for solution surfaces that exhibit high‐frequency, low‐amplitude noise. This simulation‐optimization approach is applied to a region that currently supports an active water market, with results suggesting that temporary transfers can reduce expected water supply costs substantially, while still maintaining high reliability. Also evaluated are trade‐offs between expected costs and cost variability that occur with variation in a portfolio's distribution of rights, options, and leases.