Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Pap Test terminology and age in the detection of carcinoma invasive and carcinoma in situ in medically underserved California women

Our goals were to evaluate Pap Test findings classified by the Bethesda system, and follow up biopsies from participants in the California Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program (Ca‐BCCCP) for: 1) correlation in the detection of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and carcinoma invasive (CI), and 2) age‐related trends, with discussion in the context of the 2001 ASCCP Management Guidelines. Women (n = 52,339) who had their initial screening Pap Tests with Ca‐BCCCP between January 1995–December 1999 were followed for diagnostic services through December 2000. Descriptive and analytical methods were used in the analysis. Of the Pap results, 81.9% were negative, 10.6% showed infection, 4.7% showed an epithelial abnormality as defined by the Bethesda system (atypical squamous cells of undertermined significance (ASCUS), low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), or high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)), 0.1% showed squamous‐cell cancer (SCC), and 2.7% showed other or unsatisfactory. Subsequent to the initial Pap Test, follow‐up results of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and carcinoma invasive (CI) accounted for 0.36% and 0.05% of the population, respectively. Among HSIL Pap Tests (n = 285), 40.7% had follow‐up showing CIS. Among SCC Pap Tests, 17.9% had follow‐up results of CIS and 28.6% CI. Of the 191 patients with CIS as a follow‐up finding, the initial Pap smear showed: HSIL 60.7%, SCC 2.6%, LSIL 10.5%, ASCUS 13.6%, and negative or infection 9.9%. Of the 27 patients with CI, the initial Pap Test showed: HSIL 40.7%, SCC 29.6%, LSIL 7.4%, ASCUS 7.4%, and negative or infection 11.1%. Pap diagnoses of other or unsatisfactory accounted for 2.6% of the Pap results from patients with CIS and 3.7% of Pap results from patients with CI. Except for LSIL, there was an increasing age trend in the number of cases in each of Pap results, with the exception of age 65+ yr. However, the ratio of LSIL and ASCUS to negative cases decreased with age. (P < 0.0001 and 0.0293, respectively). HSIL Pap results indicate a reasonably high probability of CIS and CI. However, approximately 1/3 of patients with CIS and 1/4 of patients with CI presented with Pap diagnoses of less severity than HSIL. When a negative Pap Test result is chosen as reference group, there is a negative age trend for LSIL and ASCUS, and no age trend for other results. These findings all have important implications in the design of follow‐up strategies, and support the 2001 ASCCP Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Women with Cervical Abnormalities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:227–234. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tenascin is differentially expressed in endometrium and endometriosis

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, most commonly on the ovary and peritoneum. The aetiology of endometriosis is not understood, although the adhesion of endometrial cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) would be expected to play a central role in its pathogenesis. The expression of ECM molecules in endometrium and in endometriosis has been investigated using immunohistochemistry and western blotting techniques. The ECM components collagen IV, laminin, vitronectin, and fibronectin had a similar pattern of expression throughout the menstrual cycle in endometrium and endometriosis. Expression of tenascin was elevated in the stroma of the functionalis region of the endometrium during the proliferative stage of the menstrual cycle and in endometriosis. Tenascin expression in endometriosis was not modulated according to the stage of the menstrual cycle. It is concluded that expression of tenascin is strictly regulated in endometrium and may be important in endometrial regeneration and in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood Fractures in Bergen, Norway: Identifying High-Risk Groups and Activities

In 1998 the authors conducted a prospective registration of children younger than 16 presenting with a new traumatic fracture in the city of Bergen, Norway. In this epidemiologic study, the authors registered a total of 1.725 fractures in children; the fracture incidence was 245 per 10,000 children below the age of 16. One fifth needed reduction, and the distal radius was the most common fracture site (27%). Activities associated with fracture were mostly soccer and bicycling, but compared with the total number of injuries associated with each activity, we found a doubled risk of fractures during rollerblading/skating or snowboarding (60%) compared with playing soccer (38%) or bicycling (33%). Scaphoid fracture, an infrequent fracture in children, was seen in 9% of all fractures due to rollerblading/skating. There was a doubled risk of fracture in boys aged 13 to 15 compared with their female peers. To make fracture prevention more efficient, it should be targeted at this risk group and these high-risk activities. Protection of the wrist region might prevent the most common fractures.
Effects of adenosine on ocular blood flow.

PURPOSE To determine the effect of intravascular adenosine on blood flow in the ocular fundus and to examine indirectly whether the blood-brain barrier to adenosine, which exists in the cerebrovasculature of the cat, is present in the eye of this animal. METHODS The noninvasive techniques of laser Doppler flowmetry and velocimetry along with fundus photography were used to measure the change in optic nerve head and choroidal and retinal blood flow during intravenous infusions of 0.18 and 0.6 mg/kg per minute of adenosine. RESULTS Infusions of adenosine induced significant increases in choroidal blood flow (60% with 0.6 mg/kg per minute) but not in optic nerve head or retinal blood flows. CONCLUSIONS The lack of effect of intravenously infused adenosine on the optic nerve and retinal circulations is most likely caused by the tight junctions in the vessels of these vascular beds, which prevent adenosine from reaching its receptors. Perivascular adenosine in the choroid most likely accounts for the increase in blood flow in this tissue.
Glutathione import in Haemophilus influenzae Rd is primed by the periplasmic heme-binding protein HbpA

Glutathione (GSH) is a vital intracellular cysteine-containing tripeptide across all kingdoms of life and assumes a plethora of cellular roles. Such pleiotropic behavior relies on a finely tuned spatiotemporal distribution of glutathione and its conjugates, which is not only controlled by synthesis and breakdown, but also by transport. Here, we show that import of glutathione in the obligate human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae, a glutathione auxotrophe, is mediated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-like dipeptide transporter DppBCDF, which is primed for glutathione transport by a dedicated periplasmic-binding protein (PBP). We have identified the periplasmic lipoprotein HbpA, a protein hitherto implicated in heme acquisition, as the cognate PBP that specifically binds reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) forms of glutathione with physiologically relevant affinity, while it exhibits marginal binding to hemin. Dissection of the ligand preferences of HbpA showed that HbpA does not recognize bulky glutathione S conjugates or glutathione derivatives with C-terminal modifications, consistent with the need for selective import of useful forms of glutathione and the concomitant exclusion of potentially toxic glutathione adducts. Structural studies of the highly homologous HbpA from Haemophilus parasuis in complex with GSSG have revealed the structural basis of the proposed novel function for HbpA-like proteins, thus allowing a delineation of highly conserved structure-sequence fingerprints for the entire family of HbpA proteins. Taken together, our studies unmask the main physiological role of HbpA and establish a paradigm for glutathione import in bacteria. Accordingly, we propose a name change for HbpA to glutathione-binding protein A.
The Selection of Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment in Patients With Adult Scoliosis

Study Design. Retrospective case-control matched series. Objective. The purpose of this study is to define factors that influence the patient and surgeon in the selection of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for adult scoliosis. Summary of Background Data. There is no literature that specifically examines why adult scoliosis patients and/or their surgeons choose surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. Methods. This study analyzes a prospective multicentered database for adult spinal deformity. A logistic regression technique was used to perform case-control matching. A total of 161 matched pairs were compared for radiographic characteristics, questionnaire responses, and standardized outcome measures. Results. Nonsurgical patients had greater preoperative medical risk factors. Surgical patients had larger thoracic (51° vs. 44°, P = 0.006) and thoracolumbar/lumbar curves (55° vs. 43°, P = 0.000). Surgical patients had more frequent leg pain (47% vs. 35%, P = 0.04). They reported a higher mean level of daily back pain (P = 0.008) and more frequent moderate-to-severe back pain over the past 6 months (P = 0.03). There were also significant differences in perception of appearance and social function between the cohorts. Conclusions. This study emphasizes the complexity of surgical decision making for adult scoliosis patients. It also underscores the importance of patient-based health status measures in evaluating the adult scoliosis patient.
Mineral transport across the placenta.

We here review the transport of three minerals which have in common their role in bone mineralisation, their active transport across the placenta, and the rise in their placental transport rate in late gestation. The growing and differentiating human fetus is entirely dependent on its mother for the supply of nutrients and oxygen and removal of waste products. In mammals, through most of gestation this exchange process takes place across the placenta, a highly complex organ which also has other functions. Despite much research, the physiology of placental exchange and especially its control remains a poorly understood subject. To follow the literature, it is important to have a basic understanding of the concepts and terminology involved, which in the case of calcium are shown schematically in fig 1. By the end of normal human pregnancy the fetus acquires approximately 28 g calcium, 16 g phosphorous and 0-7 g magnesium, mostly during the third trimester (fig 2). Calcium, which is not only required for skele',
Leg health and performance of broiler chickens reared in different light environments

1. The effects of light source and intensity on leg health and performance of female ROSS 308 broiler chickens were investigated in a 2 × 2 experimental design (8 groups of 275 chicks) of two light sources (Osram biolux and Osram warm-white) and two light intensities (5 and 100 clux, adjusted to fowl-perceived illuminance). 2. At 41 d of age, body weight, gait-score, footpad dermatitis and hock-burn were measured on 50 birds from each light environment. In addition, weekly feed intake and body weight were determined on a group basis and mortality was recorded continuously. 3. The light environment did not affect the severity of the gait-score or hock-burns. The risk of moderate to severe lameness and hock-burns increased with body weight. Birds weighing more than 2400 g had an increased probability of moderate footpad lesions in biolux light. 4. Weight and gait-score, as well as gait-score and hock-burn were positively correlated. Podo-dermatitis was weakly correlated with hock-burn, which contradicts earlier findings. The light environment did not affect feed intake, body weight or mortality. 5. The light sources and intensities employed in this study did not adversely affect production or leg health of broiler chickens reared semi-commercially.
Fat and meat intake and prostate cancer risk: The multiethnic cohort study

Dietary fat and meat as potential risk factors for prostate cancer have been the focus of many epidemiologic investigations, and findings from recent studies in particular have been inconsistent. Therefore, we examined the association between these exposures and prostate cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. The analyses included 82,483 men in Hawaii and Los Angeles aged ≥45, who completed a detailed quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 1993–1996. During the follow‐up period of 8 years, a total of 4,404 incident cases, including 1,278 nonlocalized or high‐grade cancer cases, were identified. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate relative risks of prostate cancer after adjustment for time on study, ethnicity, family history of prostate cancer, education, body mass index, smoking status and energy intake. Intake of different types of fat (total, saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated), n‐6 fatty acid, cholesterol, various meats, and fats from meat showed no association with overall prostate cancer risk or with nonlocalized or high‐grade prostate cancer. Furthermore, we found little evidence of any relation of fat and meat intake with prostate cancer risk within any of the 4 racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Japanese Americans, Latinos and Whites). There was a suggestion of a protective effect of n‐3 fatty acid intake that was limited to Latinos and Whites. However, overall, our findings from a large cohort study of ethnically diverse population give no indication that intake of fat and meat substantially affects prostate cancer risk. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On convergence sets of divergent power series

A nonlinear generalization of convergence sets of formal power series, in the sense of Abhyankar–Moh [J. Reine Angew. Math. 241 (1970)], is introduced. Given a family y = φs(t, x) = sb1(x)t + b2(x)t 2 + · · · of analytic curves in C× C passing through the origin, Convφ(f) of a formal power series f(y, t, x) ∈ C[[y, t, x]] is defined to be the set of all s ∈ C for which the power series f(φs(t, x), t, x) converges as a series in (t, x). We prove that for a subset E ⊂ C there exists a divergent formal power series f(y, t, x) ∈ C[[y, t, x]] such that E = Convφ(f) if and only if E is an Fσ set of zero capacity. This generalizes the results of P. Lelong and A. Sathaye for the linear case φs(t, x) = st. We say that a formal power series f(z) = ∑∞ |α|=0 aαz α is convergent if there exists a constant C such that |aα| ≤ C |α| for all α ∈ Z+. (Here we have used multiindex notation: Z+ denotes the set of all n-tuples α := (α1, . . . , αn) of integers αi ≥ 0 if z = (z1, . . . , zn) and α ∈ Z+, then zα = z1 1 · · · zαn n and |α| := α1 + · · ·+ αn denotes the length of α ∈ Z+. ) A series f is called divergent if it is not convergent. A divergent power series may still converge when restricted to a certain set of lines or planes through the origin. For example, Abhyankar and Moh [AM] considered the convergence set Conv(f) of a series f defined to be the set of all s ∈ C for which f(sz2, . . . , zn) converges as a series in (z2, . . . , zn). The convergence set of divergent series can be empty or an arbitrary countable set. Abhyankar and Moh proved that the one-dimensional Hausdorff measure of the convergence set of a divergent series is zero. In the case when n = 2, Pierre Lelong had earlier proved that if Conv(f) is not contained in an Fσ set of zero capacity then the series f is necessarily 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 32A05, 31A15; Secondary 31C15, 32D15.
Occupational exposure and 25-year incidence rate of non-specific lung disease: the Zutphen Study.

Information gathered in the Zutphen Study, the Dutch contribution to the Seven Countries Study that started in the 1960s, was used for the present study. In 1960 878 men participated in the physical examination and they were followed for 25 years until 1 July 1985. During this follow-up, their morbidity status was verified regularly. With this information the occurrence of chronic non-specific lung disease (CNSLD) at a specific time was coded by one physician, using strict criteria. The CNSLD diagnosis was based on the following criteria: episodes of respiratory symptoms such as regular cough and phlegm for longer than three months or episodes of wheezing and shortness of breath reported to the survey physician, or: diagnosis of CNSLD, including chronic bronchitis or emphysema by a clinical specialist. Occupation in 1960 was coded and used to generate specific occupational exposures with a Job Exposure Matrix. Because the exact time of diagnosis of CNSLD was known, incidence densities could be calculated. For 804 men a complete set of data was available. A Poisson regression analysis was used to analyse the relationships between the incidence density and independent variables like age, calendar period, occupation and specific occupational exposures. Blue collar workers had a significantly elevated incidence density ratio (IDR) compared to white collar workers (1.82, 95% confidence limits (CL): 1.35, 2.46). Subgroups of blue collar workers, wood and paper workers, textile workers, and tailors, construction workers and transport workers had significantly elevated IDRs also. Of the specific exposures heavy metals, mineral dust and adhesives had a significantly elevated IDR. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Glucocorticoids inhibit dendritic cell maturation induced by Toll‐like receptor 7 and Toll‐like receptor 8

GCs are widely prescribed to treat inflammatory disorders and autoimmune and allergic diseases. Their anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects may be related, in part, to their ability to control the maturation and functions of DCs. Here, we report that GCs inhibit the maturation of human CD34‐DCs induced by the TLR7 agonist imiquimod and the TLR8 agonist 3M‐002. GCs down‐regulate the expression of CD86, CD40, CD83, CCR7, and HLA‐DR on DCs and inhibit IL‐6 and IL‐12p40 production by DCs following TLR7 and TLR8 stimulation. This inhibitory effect is abolished by RU486, suggesting a role for GR transcriptional activity. Our results also show that GCs do not affect TLR‐mediated DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κBp65. We observe that GCs control the activation of JNK induced by TLR agonists, without affecting its upstream MKK4. However, p38MAPK activation is not affected by GCs. Concomitantly to JNK inhibition, we observe the induction of the DUSP MKP‐1 but not of other DUSPs by GCs. However, although silencing of MKP‐1 in DCs reverses GC‐mediated JNK inhibition, no significant effect on GC‐induced inhibition of DC maturation was evidenced. Our results show that GCs alter DC maturation in response to TLR7 or TLR8 through a mechanism involving GR transcriptional activity.
Persistence of foot blocks used in the treatment of lame cows

minimal dehydration in neonatal calves. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 50,502-508 LOFQUIST, J. & NILLSON, E. (1981) The influence of acid-base ranges on carbachol and potassium induced contractions of taenia coli in the rabbit. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 111, 59-62 MICHELL, A. R. , BROOKS, H. W. , WHITE, D. G. & WAGSTAFF, A. J. (1992) The comparative effectiveness of three commercial oral solutions in correcting fluid, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances caused by calf diarrhoea. British Veterinary Journal 148,507-521 MICHELL, A. E. , BYWATER, R. J., CLARKE, K. W. , HALL, L. W. &WATERMAN, A. E. (1989) Veterinary Fluid Therapy. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications NARINS, R. G. (1994) Acid-base disorders: definitions and introductory concepts. In Maxwell & Kleeman's Clinical Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism. 5th edn. Ed R. G. Narins. New York, McGraw-Hill. pp 755-767 NARINS, R. G. , KRISHNA, G. G. , YEE, J., IKEMIYASHIRO, D. & SCHMIDT, R. J. (1994) The metabolic acidoses. In Maxwell & Kleeman's Clinical Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism. 5th edn. Ed R. G. Narins. New York, McGraw-Hill. pp 769-810 NAYLOR, J. M. (1987) Severity and nature of acidosis in diarrhoeic calves over and under one week of age. Canadian Veterinary Journal 28, 168-173 PRICE, T. P. (1989) A treatment of calf enterotoxaemia. Proceedings of the British Cattle Veterinary Association, 1988-1989. pp 185-189 SCHULTZ, K. & BELRIWEUAND-LEPSIEN, Y. G. (1982) Depression of mechanical and electrical activity in muscle strips of opossum stomach and esophagus by acidosis. Gastroenterology 82, 720-723 TENNANT, B. , HARROLD, B. S. & REINA-GUERRA, B. S. (1972) Physiologic and metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of neonatal enteric infections in calves. Journal oftheAmerican Veterinary Medical Association 161, 993-1007
Meniscal Repair Techniques

The human meniscus is important for normal knee function and distributes loads, aids in joint lubrication, congruence, stability, and proprioception. Repair of appropriate meniscal tears is possible and several methods exist to accomplish this including suture repairs and device repairs. Clinical evidence suggests that meniscal repairs can result in acceptable healing rates although adverse events have been reported for some devices. New self-adjusting suture devices have facilitated the accurate and effective repair of the torn meniscus. Technique descriptions for these devices are presented.
Study of TES-Based Microcalorimeters of Different Size and Geometry Under AC Bias

Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) is the current baseline read-out system for the large array of superconducting transition edge sensors (TES's) under development for the X-ray instrument XIFU (Athena). In this multiplexing scheme the sensor operates as amplitude modulator of a MHz carrier. To achieve the best performance with these and similar instruments the detector physics and its interaction with the read-out circuit needs to be better understood. In particular we need an explanation for the dependence of the TES microcalorimeter nonlinear impedance on the bias point, because it directly affects the choice of the detector optimal working point. With the TES microcalorimeters fabricated at NASA-Goddard we observe current steps in the amplitude of the uncalibrated IV characteristics when the detectors are read-out in the frequency domain and are biased in the low-resistance part of the superconducting transition. In this paper, we report on the characterization under FDM of NASA-Goddard TES microcalorimeters under development for the XIFU instrument. We have measured several pixels with different size and geometry in the bias frequency range from 1 to 4 MHz and at different bath temperatures. The results will be discussed within the recently developed weak-link theoretical framework.