Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus mutants associated with vaccine escape, drug resistance and diagnosis failure

The massive implementation of the vaccine and antiviral agents against hepatitis B virus (HBV), targeting the envelope and viral polymerase genes, induces a selection pressure that might lead to the emergence of variants that impair the effectiveness of the vaccine, diagnostic methods and antiviral therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HBV vaccine escape mutants (VEMs), diagnostic failure mutants (DFMs) and treatment resistance mutants (ARMs) among individuals from Buenos Aires, Argentina. HBV surface antigen and polymerase sequences obtained from serum samples of 530 HBV‐infected individuals were analysed. Samples belonged to genotypes A (28.1%), D (13.6%) and F (58.3%). VEMs, DMFs and ARMs were present in 40 (7.5%), 57 (10.7%) and 27 (5.1%) samples within the studied population. Additionally, eight nonpreviously reported VEMs and nine DFMs were identified. VEMs and DFMs were biased by genotype, being higher in genotype D (33.3% and 33.3%) compared to genotype A (6% and 17.4%) and genotype F (2.3% and 2.3%) (P > 0.001). On the contrary, there was no association between the presence of ARMs and HBV genotype (P = 0.324). VEMs, DFMs and ARMs create public health concerns. The current study provided valuable information about mutants in surface antigen and polymerase in HBV‐infected patients from Argentina where HBV‐F is the most prevalent genotype. Consequently, it constitutes an important reference for Latin American clinicians in order to optimize the management of HBV‐infected patients.
Do Tehran citizens agree with organ donation from a brain-dead family member?

هلاقم ي يشهوژپ هديكچ لصا شلاچ ي پ ي پ وضع دوبمک ،وضع دنو ي دنو ي يم دشاب . نوناق ساسا رب يادها وضع ، اضر رب هولاع ي ب ت ي راـم ، اـضر ي هداوناـخ ت ارب ي يادها رم زا سپ وضع زغم گ ي رورض ي تسا . ا رد ي ن هلاقم د ي دروم رد نارهت مدرم هاگد وضع يادها زع ي تروص رد ناشناز ي هـک گرم راچد زغم ي سررب دنوش ي تسا هدش . رد ا ي هعلاطم ن ي عطقم ي غتم ي اهر ي سررب دروم ي رط زا ي هبحاصم ق ي نفلت ي روآدرگ ي دش . هنومن ريگ ي هب شور هرامش ريگ ي فداصت ي ختنا و نارهت رهش رد فداصت با ي م زا هدنوش هبحاصم درف ي لااب دارفا نا ي ۱۸ لزانم رد رضاح لاس ي هزاغم ا تفرگ تروص اه . ۷۰۶ رـفن نارهت مدرم زا هزاب رد ي نامز ي دنفسا ۱۳۸۸ ات نابآ ۱۳۸۹ دندش هعلاطم دراو . م ي وگ خساپ ناز يي ۵۱ دصرد دوب . ۳ / ۸۳ دصرد دارفا ) ۶۸۸ n= ( قفاوم وضع يادها زع ي رد ناشناز وص هـك يتر هتـشاد ادـها تراـک زغم گرم راچد و دنشاب ي و دندوب ،دنوش ۳ / ۶۲ دصرد نآ اه ) ۴۴۰ n= ( ارب هداوناخ زا هزاجا ي پ وضع زا هدافتسا ي دـنو ي درـف رد ي هـک زغم گرم راچد ي من مزلا ار دراد ادها تراک و هدش ي ناد تس دن . ب ي اضر ن ي هب ت يادـها زع وـضع ـ ي زـغم گرـم نتـسناد گرـم و ناز ي ) ۰۱۱ / ۰ (P= و تشگرب ريذپان نآ نتسناد ) ۰۲۸ / ۰ (P = هطبار ي قتسم ي م ينعم راد د ي دش هد . ناگمه شزومآ تسا مزلا ي ارب ي اهرواب حلاصا ي زغم گرم صوصخ رد مدرم طلغ ي هست و ي ورت و ل ي مصت ملاعا ج ي هـب م يادـها وضع زغم گرم زا سپ ي رد ي ک ي زا تراك اه ي ناگمه لومعم ي هاوگ لثم ي همان ي گدننار ي ش ماجنا هداوناخ ات دو اه تحار رت رد دـنناوتب عقوم ي زغم گرم ت ي زع ي اب هطبار رد ناشناز يادها نآ ياضعا اه ميمصت دنريگب . لک ناگژاو ي د ي : پ ي اضعا دنو ، زغم گرم ي ، يادها اضعا
Health Promotion and Aging: Practical Applications for Health Professionals

Substantially revised and updated, the sixth edition of this classic text continues to define healthy aging by illustrating how to prevent disease and make large-scale improvements toward health and wellness. New to this edition is current information regarding the future of Medicare, Social Security, and the Affordable Care Act, information about the Healthy People 2020 initiative supported with examples, up-to-date and comprehensive medical screening recommendations, and an extensive review of new developments in complementary and alternative medicine, geriatric mental health, community health, and public health policy. A new section on technology and aging is also included, as well as an instructor's manual. The text synthesises current research findings with practical applications, and includes detailed and updated descriptions of the author's own programs that have been recognised by the National Council on the Aging's Best Practices in Health Promotion and Aging. New to this Edition:Up-to-date coverage of the future of Medicare, Social Security, the Affordable Care Act, and the Healthy People 2020 initiativeNew section on technology and agingCurrent developments in complementary and alternative medicineNew findings regarding geriatric physical and mental health and community healthCurrent information about exercise, nutrition and weight managementUpdated information on public health policyCurrent trends in long-term care and end-of-life-careUpdated sociodemographic trendsInstructor's manual
Relationship of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone with Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Coronary Angiography

In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 150 patients (88 men and 62 women) of age 53.28 9.6 years who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography. Blood was used for the measurement of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) concentration and serum lipid profile total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C). Mean serum concentration of lipid profile across different groups of TSH level, (<0.38, 0.384.31 and > 4.31 mIU/L) was calculated in order to study the association of TSH with prevalence of CAD. The severity of CAD was scored as score (0) for those with smooth normal coronary artery while score 1, 2 and 3 for those with single, double and triple-coronary artery of ≥50% stenosis, respectively. Score 4 indicated left main coronary artery with 50% stenosis. The mean serum TSH was significantly higher in women than men (p=0.005). There was no significant difference between mean serum TSH level across different score groups (p=0.7). High level of TSH was observed in the multi-vessel disease, (score 2, 3 and 4 p=0.03). It was found that serum TC, LDL-C and TG increased while HDL-C decreased with increased TSH level. This study suggested that the high level of TSH is associated with multi-vessel disease and slight elevation of TSH also leads to changes in lipid profile that raise the risks of cardiovascular disorders.
Arterial Pulse Pressure Variation versus Central Venous Pressure as a Predictor for Fluid Responsiveness during Open Major Abdominal Operations

Introduction: Fluid resuscitation is the cornerstone in the management of hemodynamically unstable patients. Dynamic parameters of fluid responsiveness, like pulse pressure variation, have the advantage of being more reliable index for fluid management. Objective: The aim of our study was to compare between arterial pulse pressure variation (PPV) versus central venous pressure (CVP) as a predictor for fluid responsiveness during major open abdominal operations. Patients and Methods: 60 adult patients under general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation underwent open major abdominal surgical procedures were included in our prospective randomized controlled study. Intravenous fluid was infused and monitored by CVP in control group or by PPV in the other group. Hemodynamic variables (heart rate, invasive blood pressure, PPV and CVP) were measured at baseline after anesthesia induction and every 10 min, during first hour of operation, and then every 15 min, till end of surgery. Blood loss and total i.v. fluid & blood transfusion given to patients were recorded and compared between two groups intraoperatively. Results: Patients in the PPV group required more intraoperative fluid and blood transfusion than patients in CVP group to achieve more stable hemodynamic parameters. The fall in blood pressure (>20% of baseline) and increase in heart rate are more common in CVP group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PPV is a better predictor and a good guide for fluid responsiveness. More stable hemodynamic variables are observed in PPV group.
Exploiting multiprocessor memory hierarchies for operating systems

With the increasing gap between processor speed and memory speed, a sophisticated memory hierarchy is key to high performance. However, the operating system tends to use the memory hierarchy poorly. This thesis presents a comprehensive characterization and optimization of the performance of multiprocessor memory hierarchies for operating systems. The operating system instruction cache misses are reduced by 81% using a code reorganization scheme tailored to the operating system, guarded sequential prefetching, and stream buffers. The operating system data cache misses are reduced by 53% using a DMA-like pipelined block transfer engine, a selective update protocol, data relocation and privatization, and data prefetching in miss hot spots. The overall OS time is reduced by 32%. The cost-performance trade-offs of the software/hardware optimization schemes are also discussed.
Variations in endotracheal tube cuff pressure: Is 8-hourly monitoring enough?

Background. Most patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for mechanical ventilation require endotracheal intubation. Cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) are utilised as they provide a better seal to facilitate ventilation and minimise aspiration. Complications due to overinflation or underinflation of the cuff may occur. Neither the frequency of intermittent cuff pressure (Pcuff) measurement nor the advantage of continuous Pcuff monitoring has been clearly established. Objective. To determine deviations in ETT Pcuff from the recommended range during the intervals between routine thrice-daily Pcuff measurements in adult ICU patients. Our key objective was to identify the extent and cause of ETT Pcuff changes during these intervals. In addition, we attempted to demonstrate the failure of routine thrice-daily Pcuff monitoring to detect the large variation in Pcuff of patients throughout the day. Methods. This prospective, observational study was conducted in the King Edward VIII Hospital ICU, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Ethical and institutional approval was obtained. Consent was obtained from patients’ next of kin. Intermittent Pcuff was recorded using mechanical manometers, and continuous measurements using pressure transducers. Results. Thirty-five critically ill adult patients were enrolled. The mean study time was 11.1 h. The mean Pcuff was 25.6 (standard deviation 7.1) cmH 2 O for the intermittent group and 26.6 (8.7) cmH 2 O for the continuous group. The intermittent pressure measurements were in the low-pressure range ( 30 cmH 2 O). For continuous pressures, 13% of the time was spent in the low-pressure range, 64% in the target pressure range, and 23% in the high-pressure range. For the entire study, 588 events causing Pcuff alterations were recorded. Conclusion. Continuous monitoring of Pcuff indicated that the endotracheal Pcuff varied extensively during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients, such variation being noted both between patients and within individual patients. Variations in individual patients occurred both during intrinsic patient activities and those of ICU personnel as part of routine patient maintenance. Intermittent monitoring may not detect these variations. Continuous monitoring of Pcuff during mechanical ventilation in ICUs is thus recommended for all patients.
Specific Subjective Symptoms for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Ulcer Like Dyspepsia

Background : The Aim of study is to identify specific subjective symptoms for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), GERD proportion in ulcer like dyspepsia and the correlation between specific subjective symptoms for GERD and endoscopic examination Result in ulcer like dyspepsia Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted in 67 patients with ulcer like dyspepsia. The patient’s history of illness was taken, and physical and endoscopic examinations were performed. A questionnaire on dyspepsia symptoms was completed. Data analysis was performed to identify the correlation between subjective symptoms and endoscopic examination results using chi-square test. T test was performed to determine the correlation between dyspepsia scores and endoscopic results. Result : Subjective symptoms that correlated with endoscopic results were severe epigastric pain (p=0.080) and the absence of bloating (p=0.055). Dyspepsia scores did not correlate with endoscopic examination results (p=0.725). Conclusion : Specific subjective symptoms for GERD in clinical dyspepsia-like ulcer were severe epigastric pain and absence of bloating. The proportion of such symptoms in ulcer like dyspepsia could assist clinical diagnosis of GERD. Keywords : GERD, symptom, dyspepsia
Sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidity in panic disorder patients / Panik bozukluğu hastalarında sosyodemografik özellikler ve komorbidite

Sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidity in panic disorder patients Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics and the frequency of comorbid Axis I diagnosis in panic disorder (PD) patients. Method: 77 patients who referrred to the psychiatry outpatient clinic of Vakıf Gureba Training and Research Hospital and Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital and who were diagnosed with panic disorder according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were included in the study. Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses were evaluated by SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders). Results: Fifty six of the patients (72.7%) were female, and 21 (27.3%) were male. Mean age was 35.53±12.25. Among patients, 37.7% had Axis I psychiatric disorder diagnosis in their family histories. In 93% of the patients, a psychiatric comorbidity was diagnosed along with panic disorder. The most common Axis I comorbidity was major depression (47.2%). Discussion: Although the number of female patients was higher when compared to other studies, female/ male ratio was determined to be lower. The rate of major depression was compatible with the literature, while comorbidity rates for generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder (SAD) were found to be lower than the groups in similar literature. SAD comorbidity rate in PD patients with agoraphobia was found to be significantly higher than the PD group without agoraphobia. Conclusion: Nearly half of the PD patients had major depression, while in patients with comorbid agoraphobia, prevalence of comorbid disorders, particularly of SAD, was shown to increase.
Implementation of Knowledge Management Systems and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation

This study examines the impacts of adopting knowledge management systems (KMS) on firm performance. Although many organizations have implemented KMS, sparse empirical evidence reveals the impacts of KMS on firm performance. This research attempts to analyze the impacts of KMS on the firms that adopt KMS with the data extracted from the COMPUSTAT. The results indicate that these firms significantly reduce administrative costs and improve productivity in the second year after adopting KMS. To control the macroeconomic effects, the study also compares the financial performance of KMS adopters and non-adopters in a pairwise design. Furthermore, pertaining to cost and profit ratios, significant differences arise because the financial performance of non-adopters decreases over time while it holds steady for adopters. The findings verify some of our hypotheses, provide new insights into the productivity paradox associated with KMS adopters, and confirm that KMS adopters indeed gain a competitive advantage over non-adopters.
Clozapine in Special Hospital: a retrospective case-control study

Clozapine has been conclusively shown to be more effective than other drugs in reducing positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. There is, however, little evidence that it has any effect on length of stay in hospital. There is also little information on its use in Special Hospital (highsecurity) settings. This study investigated the impact of Clozapine on the need for Special Hospital care. A retrospective case-control design was used. All the patients ever treated continuously with Clozapine in one Special Hospital were compared with a matched control group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare length of stay.The Clozapine-treated group achieved substantially increased rates of discharge when compared with non-Clozapine-treated matched controls. This difference did not emerge until after 1 year of continuous Clozapine treatment. The prescription of Clozapine to patients in Special Hospital leads to a greater likelihood of discharge to other services. This difference appears to be maintained over several years and to increase with time.
Peranan Orang Tua dalam Pembentukan Karakter Anak Sejak Dini di Desa Lampoh Tarom Kecamatan Kuta Baro Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Peranan orang tua untuk mendidik anak dalam rumah tangga sangatlah penting karena dalam rumah tanggalah seorang anak mula-mula memperoleh bimbingan dan pendidikan dari orang tuanya. Tugas orang tua adalah sebagai guru atau pendidik utama dan pertama bagi anak-anaknya dalam menumbuhkan dan mengembangkan karakter bagi anak, terutama di Desa Lampoh Tarom Kecamatan Kuta Baro Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peranan orang tua dalam pembentukan karakter anak sejak dini di Desa Lampoh Tarom Kecamatan Kuta Baro kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yang menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peranan orang tua dalam membentuk karakter anak sangatlah penting yang mana pembentukan karakter anak harus dimulai sedini mungkin bahkan sejak anak masih berada dalam kandungan. Menanakan nilai-nilai karakter yang baik kepada anak sejak dini akan menjadikan anak yang tangguh, bertanggungjawab, jujur, mandiri, sopan, bertingkah laku yang sesuai dengan ajaran Islam dan memiliki kepribadian maupun akhlak yang baik. Adapun cara mendidik anak yaitu mendidik dengan cara yang baik, mendidik dengan kelembutan, ketulusan, mendidik dengan penuh kasih sayang, mendidik dengan keteladanan dan mendidik dengan mengajarkan tentang agama. Cara membentuk karakter yaitu dengan membiasakan anak melakukan hal-hal yang baik, memberikan contoh teladan yang baik dan menggunakan bahasa yang sopan ketika sedang berbicara dihadapan anak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan kepada orang tua agar lebih meningkatkan lagi perannya sebagai orang tua dalam membentuk karakter anak dan lebih tegas lagi dalam mendidik anak. agar dapat mewujudkan anak yang berakhlakul karimah yang menjadi kebanggaan orang tua yang berguna untuk masyarakat nusa dan bangsa.
The study of burnout frequency and its association with job performance among healthcare staff

Background: Occurs as a result of long-term exposure to stress, job burnout threatens the health of personnel. Objectives: Considering the important role of healthcare personnel in maintaining and promoting people’s health, the current study investigated the job burnout frequency and its association with job performance among healthcare personnel. Methods: This correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted among all healthcare personnel of urban/rural healthcare centers in Health Office of Islam Abad-e-Gharb, Iran. A total of 136 personnel participated in this study. Data were collected using Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Hersey and Goldsmith’s job performance scale. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficient tests were used to analyze the data (p≤0.05). Results: The mean (SD) frequencies of job burnout and job performance were found to be 45.96±17.77 and 52.5±9, respectively. There was a significant inverse correlation between job burnout and job performance (p=0.000, r=-0.249). However, there was no significant association between job burnout and age, gender, marital status, education, and smoking factors (p≥0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed that most of the personnel experienced moderate to low levels of job burnout. Besides, job burnout was found to be a factor affecting job performance. Hence, this study calls for useful interventions to reduce job burnout and increase job performance consequently.
Regulation of Circulation During Antihypertensive Treatment with Prazosin

&NA; Seven patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were treated with increasing doses of prazosin until a significant reduction of blood pressure was achieved in each of them, and then the effective dose (2‐5 mg, t.i.d) was maintained for 10‐15 days. The effect of prazosin on circulation regulation was studied by comparing haemodynamics at rest, during dynamic and isometric exercise, during cold exposure, and during transient stimulation and inactivation of the carotid sinus baroreflex. Prazosin reduced both mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance at rest without affecting heart rate and cardiac output. Neurally mediated changes in arterial pressure, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance during the various stimuli employed and during manipulation of the baroreflex were unaffected by the drug, although all blood pressure and peripheral resistance values reached during the various tests were significantly lower during them before treatment because of the lowering of resting values by prazosin. These data indicate that clinically effective doses of prazosin reduce arterial pressure without affecting circulatory homeostasis.
Trend detection in the arabic social media using voting combination

The amount of information has been increasing tremendously, especially with the use of social media applications, such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. Twitter is a common social application that enables users to share their current thoughts and actions, comment on breaking news, and engage in discussions. Trends are typically driven by emerging events, breaking news, and general topics that attract the attention of a large fraction of Twitter users. Thus, trend detection is highly valuable to news reporters and analysts because they may point to fast-evolving news stories. Researchers have been attempting to detect trends using machine-learning techniques, such as clustering method based on major languages (e.g., English, German, and French). The Arabic language remains in its infancy, but the Arabic social media have been contributing to a large amount of data because of the significant events in the Middle East. The present research aims to detect trends in the Arabic social media. However, this research must overcome several issues such as processing of Arabic user-generated content and lack of resources. To solve these issues, this research presents a voting combination clustering approach, which is divided into six phases, namely, dataset collection from Twitter, text pre-processing, spam filtering using Naïve Bayes, feature selection based on term frequency–inverse document frequency and entropy, statistical analyses, and evaluation. Three statistical approaches for clustering are used, namely, co-occurrence, k-means, and voting combination. The analyses are performed to classify the trends into three categories, namely, Arabic nationality events, personal events, and other events. Experimental results indicate that the voting combination clustering achieved 93%, 87%, and 90% for precision, recall, and f-measure in trend detection, respectively. Finally, trend detection of events is important to companies, governments, national security agencies, and journalists to develop strategies to rectify them.
Orthoptic visual screening at 31/2 years by Huntingdon health authority

The results of a district-wide orthoptic visual screening programme of all 3 1/2 year-old children were examined; 3 1/2 years was found to be a practical age to achieve quick accurate screening for squint and amblyopia. Detection was early enough to allow restoration of good visual acuity in most cases