Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaging δ- and μ-Opioid Receptors by PET in Lung Carcinoma Patients

In the present study, we measured the kinetics and distribution in vivo of the selective δ-opioid antagonist 11 C-methylnaltrindole ( 11 C-MeNTI) and the μ-opioid agonist 11 C-carfentanil ( 11 C-CFN) in patients with lung carcinoma using PET. Methods: Paired measurements of 11 C-MeNTl and 11 C-CFN binding were performed in biopsy-proven small-cell (n = 2), squamous (n = 2), and adenocarcinoma (n = 3) lung cancer patients. Dynamic PET scans of increasing duration (0.5-8 min) were acquired over 90 min after an intravenous bolus injection of 370 MBq of tracer. Time-activity curves for tumor and normal lung parenchyma binding were generated using the region-of-interest (ROI) method. The mean activity at equilibrium was measured, and the specific-to-nonspecific binding ratio (tumor - lung)/ lung was calculated. Four of 7 patients underwent an additional static 18 F-FDG PET scan for clinical indications. Three of 7 patients underwent surgery, and stained sections of tumor were inspected for inflammation, necrosis, and scar tissue. Results: Increased binding of 11 C-MeNTl and 11 C-CFN was detected in all tumor types studied. 11 C-MeNTl binding in tumor and healthy lung tissue was significantly more intense than that of 11 C-CFN. The average specific-to-nonspecific binding ratio across cell types for 11 C-MeNTl (4.32 ± 1.31; mean ± SEM) was greater than that of 11 C-CFN (2.42 ± 1.17) but lower than that of 18 F-FDG (7.74 ± 0.53). Intravenous naloxone produced 50% and 44% decreases in the specific-to-nonspecific binding ratios of 11 C-MeNTl and 11 C-CFN, respectively. Conclusion: These data provide in vivo evidence for the presence of δ- and μ-opioid receptor types in the 3 major human lung carcinomas and suggest the suitability of 11 C-MeNTl and 11 C-CFN as investigational probes of lung carcinoma biology.
Shaping the Relative Importance of Needs from Recent to Early Autobiographical Experiences

Although past work suggests that people place greater importance of enhancement needs (e.g., self-esteem) over safety needs, recent work demonstrates that contextual factors like event valence (satisfying or distressing) can shift the importance of security above enhancement needs. This study examines whether the effect of event valence on relative need importance for recent memories can carry over to shift the importance of safety relative to enhancement needs in one's earliest childhood memories. At time 1 (T1), participants recalled their most "distressing" (security-relevant) or "satisfying" (enhancement-relevant) experience and rated the importance of 10 needs in defining the event. Next, all participants freely recalled their earliest memory and rated the importance of different needs in defining that event. As predicted, event valence determined the importance of security relative to enhancement needs at T1, such that enhancement needs were more important for satisfying events whereas security needs were more important for distressing events. Moreover, as predicted, these differences in relative need importance at T1 (satisfying vs. distressing) carried over to shape relative need importance in participants' earliest memories. We close by discussing implications for human motivation.
The physical and chemical evolution of aerosols in smelter and power plant plumes: an airborne study

National and international concern about the health effects and continued use of Pb, Cd, As and Hg as well as other metals has defined a need for improved estimates of the long-term risks to ecosystems and human health from metals released from mining, metallurgical and energy production activities. A research aircraft was used to determine the microphysical and chemical properties of airborne particulate metal emissions from the Nanticoke coal-fired power-generating station located on the north shore of Lake Erie, Ontario, and the Horne copper smelter at Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec. These properties are critical to the determination of the deposition rates of the metals emitted, and hence the potential for these species to have impacts on local or distant ecosystems. An overview of the measurements made during the study is given. The size distributions of particles emitted from the stacks and observed within 5 km of the point of emission are briefly described. After dilution by ambient air, the concentration of particles smaller than 0.135 μm in diameter in the plumes is tens of thousands per cubic centimetre, far exceeding the concentrations found in ambient air. However, in the size range 0.135 to 3 μm diameter the plumes generally contribute about one to four times more particles than present in ambient air.
Understanding the Work Values of Chinese Employees

This study aimed to explore work values in Mainland China. A total of 1,155 Chinese employees participated in this study by filling out questionnaires. Data was analysed using factor analysis, analysis of variance, and regression. Results showed that Chinese employee emphasized social harmony and self-realization the most, followed by prosperous development and material conditions. There were substantial relationships between work values and gender, age, hierarchical levels, and organizational performance. However, tenure and organizational size had no significant effect on work values.
Analysis on the Impact of Pop-Up Flight Occurrence when Extending the Arrival Management Horizon

The occurrence of pop-up flights negatively affects the (extended) arrival manager. This issue is known already for a long time by operational experts, but the extent thereof has now been assessed during experiments. An arrival manager research model was developed and integrated in BlueSky, an open-source air traffic management simulator. Fast-time simulations showed that extended arrival management is significantly negatively affected by pop-up flights, in terms of flight crew and air traffic control task load, sequence stability and delay (cost). Simulations also indicated that this impact could be mitigated by pre-planning pop-up flights prior to departure, using their take-off time estimates. This will, however, only be beneficial when these estimates are sufficiently accurate. With currently achievable accuracies, and using currently available systems, it is better to discard these estimates in the context of extended arrival management.
Calcaneal Fractures – Should We or Should We not Operate?

The best treatment for displaced, intraarticular fractures of the calcaneum remains controversial. Surgical treatment of these injuries is challenging and have a considerable learning curve. Studies comparing operative with nonoperative treatment including randomized trials and meta-analyses are fraught with a considerable number of confounders including highly variable fracture patterns, soft-tissue conditions, patient characteristics, surgeon experience, limited sensitivity of outcome measures, and rehabilitation protocols. It has become apparent that there is no single treatment that is suitable for all calcaneal fractures. Treatment should be tailored to the individual fracture pathoanatomy, accompanying soft-tissue damage, associated injuries, functional demand, and comorbidities of the patient. If operative treatment is chosen, reconstruction of the overall shape of the calcaneum and joint surfaces are of utmost importance to obtain a good functional result. Despite meticulous reconstruction, primary cartilage damage due to the impact at the time of injury may lead to posttraumatic subtalar arthritis. Even if subtalar fusion becomes necessary, patients benefit from primary anatomical reconstruction of the hindfoot geometry because in situ fusion is easier to perform and associated with better results than corrective fusion for hindfoot deformities in malunited calcaneal fractures. To minimize wound healing problems and stiffness due to scar formation after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) through extensile approaches several percutaneous and less invasive procedures through a direct approach over the sinus tarsi have successfully lowered the rates of infections and wound complications while ensuring exact anatomic reduction. There is evidence from multiple studies that malunited displaced calcaneal fractures result in painful arthritis and disabling, three-dimensional foot deformities for the affected patients. The poorest treatment results are reported after open surgical treatment that failed to achieve anatomic reconstruction of the calcaneum and its joints, thus combining the disadvantages of operative and nonoperative treatment. The crucial question, therefore, is not only whether to operate or not but also when and how to operate on calcaneal fractures if surgery is decided.
A Lightweight Multi-Message and Multi-Receiver Heterogeneous Hybrid Signcryption Scheme based on Hyper Elliptic Curve

It is a suitable means for multi-messages to use hybrid encryption to make a safe communication. Hybrid encryption confines encryption into two parts: one part uses public key systems to scramble a one-time symmetric key, and the other part uses the symmetric key to scramble the actual message. The quick advancement of the internet technology requires distinctive message communications over the more extensive territory to upgrade the heterogeneous system security. In this paper, we present a lightweight multi-message and multi-receiver Heterogeneous hybrid signcryption scheme based on the hyper elliptic curve. We choose hyper elliptic curve for our scheme, because with 80 bits key give an equivalent level of security as contrasted and different cryptosystems like RSA and Bilinear pairing with 1024 bits key and elliptic curve with 160 bits key, respectively. Further, we validate these security requirements with our scheme, for example, confidentiality, resistance against reply attack, integrity, authenticity, non-repudiation, public verifiability, forward secrecy and unforgeability through a well-known security validation tool called Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA). In addition, our approach has low computational costs, which is attractive for low resources devices and heterogeneous environment.
The Effect of Children's Time in School on Mothers' Labor Supply : Evidence from Mexico's Full-Time Schools Program

This paper examines the effect of the time children spend in school on female labor supply. In particular, we investigate the degree to which extending the school day by three and a half hours, in elementary schools, affects labor force participation, the number of weekly hours worked, and the monthly earnings of females with elementary-school-age children. To do so, we exploit within-individual variation in access to full-time schools and a rotating panel of households that contains individual-level data on labor outcomes and sociodemographic characteristics. Results from long-difference models show that extending the school day increases mothers' labor supply, increasing mothers' labor force participation by 5.5 percentage points and the number of weekly hours worked by 1.8.
Nudges to Increase Fruits and Vegetables Consumption: Results from a Field Experiment.

Purpose/Objectives Research on incentivizing consumption of fruits and vegetables (F/V) has been and continues to be conducted in school lunchrooms. This study examined the use of stickers and toys to nudge F/V selection and consumption among students in grades 1 through 5. The study was conducted in two low-income elementary schools in West Texas. Methods Kid friendly stickers were applied to the schools’ lunchroom F/V serving containers in a food safe manner. Students who selected and consumed their F/V portion were given an inexpensive toy at the end of the lunch period. Consumption and selection of F/V was measured over three periods starting with the observation at baseline period (13 days) followed by the intervention period (15 days) and the post-intervention period (14 days). Results Results suggest that displaying stickers to change the choice architecture while using incentive to promote consumption in school lunchrooms, sustainably and inexpensively increased the selection and consumption of F/V in these settings at one cent per serving. The number of servings of F/V consumed increased from 1.77 during baseline to 6.08 during intervention (p value <.0001, 242% higher than at baseline). A smaller but significant improvement was sustained post intervention where servings of F/V consumed was 2.51 (p value <.0001, 42% higher than at baseline).
Effects of Storage Conditions on the Morphology and Titer of Lentiviral Vectors

Lentiviral vectors are commonly used in laboratory experiments to stably integrate transgenes into host genomes. It has long been observed that storage of virus stocks leads to a decrease in viral titer, but the mechanisms driving this decrease have yet to be identified. To that end, lentiviral vector stocks were generated and stored as follows: room temperature for less than one hour, -80oC for 24 hours, 4oC for three days and 4oC for 7 days. These stocks were subsequently evaluated with regard to their transducing ability and their morphology, specifically particle diameter. The vector that was stored at room temperature served as the control with viral morphology similar to other VSV-G pseudotyped viruses. These stocks were able to transduce ~100% of HEK 293T cells. Particles were unstable under the storage conditions tested, as evidenced by the fact that all stocks stored at -80°C and 4°C required concentration with an ultracentrifuge to generate a preparation suitable for visualization with TEM. The vector stored at -80°C for 24 hours exhibited some morphological changes, but only a slight decrease in titer. The morphology of vectors stored at 4°C for 3 and 7 days was not significantly different from the room temperature control, although titer was reduced to 60% and 30-40%, respectively. Thus, the decrease in titer observed in the lentiviral stocks generated and stored during this investigation appears to be the result of viral particle instability rather than morphological changes to individual particles.
Antioxidant and chemoprotective properties of Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon) fruit extract

Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon, is used as a vegetable in number of countries. Extracts of M. charantia plant, fruit pulp, and seed have been reported to have a wide medicinal use in the traditional medical systems, most often as hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic agents. We have studied the effect of M. charantia, collected from Kazdaglari (Mount Ida) in Balikesir, fruit extract on glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and antioxidant enzymes in rats. Male Wistar rats, aged 12 weeks and weighing 200-250 g, were given 200 mg M. charantia fruit extract per kg body weight, i.p., for four consecutive days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, and liver, kidney, and lung were isolated. Our results have indicated significant increase in especially hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The strongest increase (about 9-fold) was observed in GPx activities while about 2 to 5-fold increases were observed in SOD and CAT. M. charantia fruit extract also exhibited hepatoprotective effects in CCl4-intoxicated rats. In addition, about 50% increase was also noted with hepatic cytosolic GSTs. On the other hand, treatments of rats with M. charantia significantly reduced both ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and methoxyresorufin O-deethylase (MROD) activities in rat liver microsomes, which are known to be catalyzed by CYP1A isoforms These results suggest that the M. charantia fruit extract possesses the anti-oxidant effects besides having protective activities in rats.
The Effectiveness of the Smart Board-Based Small-Group Graduated Guidance Instruction on Digital Gaming and Observational Learning Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The objective of this study was to teach digital gaming skills to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a SMART board with a graduated guidance teaching method in a small-group instructional format, to determine the participants’ levels of learning by observation, and to determine the views of their families on the conducted instruction. For this purpose, a multiple probe design across behaviors was used and replicated across four students who received training at a university practice unit and were diagnosed with ASD. In addition to the effectiveness data collected to determine the effects of the utilized instructional package on the levels of digital gaming and observational learning of the participants with ASD, reliability and social validity data were also collected. The effectiveness data analyzed with graphical analysis. Findings demonstrate that small-group instruction with graduated guidance was effective in teaching digital gaming skills to children with ASD. It was also observed that the children acquired a high level of accuracy at non-directly targeted gaming skills via observational learning.
Levels of salivary immunoglobulin A under psychological stress and its relationship with rumination and five personality traits in medical students

Background and Objectives: The measurement of salivary immunoglobulin A is a useful and non-invasive method for measuring stress. Personality traits and rumination act as possible mediators in the relationship between psychological stressors and the immune system. This study was aimed to evaluate the levels of salivary IgA under psychological stress and its relationship with rumination and five personality traits in medical students. Methods: In this crosssectional study, 45 medical students who intended to participate in the final exam were selected by simple random sampling. Two months before the exam, in the 42 REZA AFRISHAM ET AL.
Experimental recolonisation of Baltic Sea reduced sediments: survival of benthic macrofauna and effects on nutrient cycling

A recolonisation experiment was performed in vitro on highly reduced laminated Baltic Sea sediments initially devoid of larger benthic fauna. The survival capacity of 3 common benthic species Monoporeia affinis, Macoma balthica and Marenzelleria viridis was investigated along with overall effects of bioturbation and bioirrigation on benthic reaction and transport processes. Benthic fluxes of oxygen and nutrients, sediment denitrification and nutrients in the porewater were mea- sured. Survival of M. affinis increased with time and sediment reworking, while no such feedback was observed for M. balthica and M. viridis. Macrofaunal irrigation and bioturbating activities signif- icantly enhanced solute fluxes in the manipulated cores compared to the control. Mass balance cal- culations indicated that net N-mineralisation in the manipulated cores was stimulated by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude compared to the control. Despite relatively high nitrate fluxes from the overlying water to the sediment (~1 mmol m -2 d -1 ), measured rates of total denitrification were in general low (20 to 45 µmol N2 m -2 d -1 ) in all cores. Denitrification, using nitrate supplied from the overlying water (Dw), was similar to coupled nitrification/denitrification (Dn), although Dw was significantly higher than Dn in the M. affinis cores. In conjunction with high nitrate fluxes into the sediment and high ammonium fluxes to the overlying water, the generally low denitrification rates indicated dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) as the main pathway for nitrate removal. Thus, the main source of bottom water ammonium was overlying water nitrate, rather than ammonium produced in surface sediments during mineralisation of organic N.
Vitellogenin-like A–associated shifts in social cue responsiveness regulate behavioral task specialization in an ant

Division of labor and task specialization explain the success of human and insect societies. Social insect colonies are characterized by division of labor, with workers specializing in brood care early and foraging later in life. Theory posits that this task switching requires shifts in responsiveness to task-related cues, yet experimental evidence is weak. Here, we show that a Vitellogenin (Vg) ortholog identified in an RNAseq study on the ant T. longispinosus is involved in this process: using phylogenetic analyses of Vg and Vg-like genes, we firstly show that this candidate gene does not cluster with the intensively studied honey bee Vg but falls into a separate Vg-like A cluster. Secondly, an experimental knockdown of Vg-like A in the fat body caused a reduction in brood care and an increase in nestmate care in young ant workers. Nestmate care is normally exhibited by older workers. We demonstrate experimentally that this task switch is at least partly based on Vg-like A–associated shifts in responsiveness from brood to worker cues. We thus reveal a novel mechanism leading to early behavioral maturation via changes in social cue responsiveness mediated by Vg-like A and associated pathways, which proximately play a role in regulating division of labor.
Planets Effect of Mars Atmospheric Loss on SnowMelt Potential in a 3 . 5 Gyr Mars Climate Evolution Model

Post-Noachian Martian paleochannels indicate the existence of liquid water on the surface of Mars after about 3.5 Gya (Irwin et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.012; Palucis et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JE004905). In order to explore the effects of variations in CO2 partial pressure and obliquity on the possibility of surface water, we created a zero-dimensional surface energy balance model. We combine this model with physically consistent orbital histories to track conditions over the last 3.5 Gyr of Martian history. We find that melting is allowed for atmospheric pressures corresponding to exponential loss rates of dP/dt ∝ t−3.73 or faster, but this rate is within 0. 5σ of the rate calculated from initial measurements made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission, if we assume all the escaping oxygen measured by MAVEN comes from atmospheric CO2 (Lillis et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023525; Tu et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526146). Melting at this loss rate matches selected key geologic constraints on the formation of Hesperian river networks, assuming optimal melt conditions during the warmest part of each Mars year (Irwin et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.012; Kite, Gao, et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3033; Kite, Sneed et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/ 2017GL072660; Stopar et al., 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.039). The atmospheric pressure has a larger effect on the surface energy than changes in Mars’s mean obliquity. These results show that initial measurements of atmosphere loss by MAVEN are consistent with atmospheric loss being the dominant process that switched Mars from a melt-permitting to a melt-absent climate (Jakosky et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai7721), but non-CO2 warming will be required if <2 Gya paleochannels are confirmed or if most of the escaping oxygen measured by MAVEN comes from H2O.