Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compressibility of the high-pressure rocksalt phase of ZnO

We report the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation on the stability and the volume behavior under hydrostatic pressure of the rocksalt (B1) phase of ZnO. Synchrotron-radiation x-ray powder-diffraction data are obtained from 0 to 30 GPa. Static simulations of the ZnO B1 phase are performed using the ab initio perturbed ion method and the local and nonlocal approximations to the density-functional theory. After the pressure induced transition from the wurtzite phase, we have found that a large fraction of the B1 high-pressure phase is retained when pressure is released. The metastability of this ZnO polymorph is confirmed through the theoretical evaluation of the Hessian eigenvalues of a nine-parameter potential energy surface. This allows us to treat the experimental and theoretical pressure-volume data on an equal basis. In both cases, we have obtained values of the bulk modulus in the range of 160–194 GPa. For its zero-pressure first derivative, the experimental and theoretical data yield a value of 4.461. 0. Overall, our results show that the ZnO B1 phase is slightly more compressible than previously reported. @S0163-1829~98! 07537-7#
The Blur of Pleasure: Appetitively Appealing Stimuli Decrease Subjective Temporal Perceptual Acuity

Anecdotal reports that time “flies by” or “slows down” during emotional events are supported by evidence that the motivational relevance of stimuli influences subsequent duration judgments. Yet it is unknown whether the subjective quality of events as they unfold is altered by motivational relevance. In a novel paradigm, we measured the subjective experience of moment-to-moment visual perception. Participants judged the temporal smoothness of high-approach positive images (desserts), negative images (e.g., of bodily mutilation), and neutral images (commonplace scenes) as they faded to black. Results revealed approach-motivated blurring, such that positive stimuli were judged as smoother and negative stimuli as choppier relative to neutral stimuli. Participants’ ratings of approach motivation predicted perceived fade smoothness after we controlled for low-level stimulus features. Electrophysiological data indicated that approach-motivated blurring modulated relatively rapid perceptual activation. These results indicate that stimulus value influences subjective temporal perceptual acuity; approach-motivating stimuli elicit perception of a “blurred” frame rate characteristic of speeded motion.
Structural Sexism and Health in the United States: A New Perspective on Health Inequality and the Gender System

In this article, I build a new line of health inequality research that parallels the emerging structural racism literature. I develop theory and measurement for the concept of structural sexism and examine its relationship to health outcomes. Consistent with contemporary theories of gender as a multilevel social system, I conceptualize and measure structural sexism as systematic gender inequality at the macro level (U.S. state), meso level (marital dyad), and micro level (individual). I use U.S. state-level administrative data linked to geocoded data from the NLSY79, as well as measures of inter-spousal inequality and individual views on women’s roles as predictors of physical health outcomes in random-effects models for men and women. Results show that among women, exposure to more sexism at the macro and meso levels is associated with more chronic conditions, worse self-rated health, and worse physical functioning. Among men, macro-level structural sexism is also associated with worse health. However, greater meso-level structural sexism is associated with better health among men. At the micro level, internalized sexism is not related to physical health among either women or men. I close by outlining how future research on gender inequality and health can be furthered using a structural sexism perspective.
Ezrin‐radixin‐moesin–binding phosphoprotein 50 is expressed at the apical membrane of rat liver epithelia

Ezrin‐radixin‐moesin (ERM)‐binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50) and NHE3 Kinase A regulatory protein (E3KARP) are membrane‐cytoskeleton linking proteins that utilize 2 PSD‐95/DIg/ZO‐1 (PDZ) domains and an ERM binding site to coordinate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)‐regulated ion transport in a number of distinct epithelia. ERM family members serve to anchor EBP50 and E3KARP to the actin cytoskeleton and sequester protein kinase A (PKA) to these protein complexes. In hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells of the bile secretory unit, cAMP‐activated PKA stimulates secretion and bile formation, but the molecular mechanisms, including the potential contribution of EBP50 and E3KARP, remain undetermined. The present studies evaluated the comparative expression and localization of EBP50 and E3KARP in rat hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Complementary DNAs encoding rat EBP50 and E3KARP were identified by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in both epithelial cell types and subsequently sequenced. Northern and Western analysis showed the presence of EBP50 messenger RNA and protein in both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Confocal immunofluorescence revealed EBP50 was concentrated at the apical domain of both cell types. E3KARP was also expressed in cholangiocytes but had a distinct cytoplasmic/nuclear distribution. In dominant‐negative transfection studies, patch clamp analysis of Mz‐ChA1 cholangiocarcinoma cells showed that expression of the PDZ1 domain of EBP50 selectively decreased the endogenous cAMP‐mediated Cl secretory response. The apical expression of EBP50, presence of specific ERM proteins, and functional effects of PDZ1 expression on cholangiocyte secretion suggest EBP50 is positioned to contribute to the organization and regulation of bile secretory proteins in both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in chronically hyperammonemic rats: Effect of an acute ammonia challenge

The effects of chronic hyperammonemia on cerebral metabolism were studied in rats four and eight weeks after the construction of a portacaval shunt. Compared to sham‐operated controls, shunted animals had increased arterial concentrations of ammonia and glutamine and decreased glutamate. Cerebral blood flow, measured by xenon 133 washout in animals lightly anesthetized with nitrous oxide, increased from a control of 91 ± 5 (mean ± SEM) to 139 ± 20 ml per 100 gm tissue per minute after shunting for eight weeks; however, the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen was not different from control four or eight weeks after the shunting procedure. Following intraperitoneal administration of a small ammonium acetate load (2.6 mmol/kg), eight‐week portacaval animals consistently underwent a fall in cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption and developed high‐voltage slow waves in the electroencephalogram. Glutamine was produced by the brains of all groups of animals; the cerebral metabolic rate for glutamine was greater than control in eight‐week portacaval rats, the only animals to show a net uptake of ammonia, along with nonspecific effects of chronic portal‐systemic shunting, may lead to uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism.
Secondary Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhotic Patients With Ascites

Bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis has a wide variety of clinical presentations. We report a group of 21 cirrhotic patients with secondary peritonitis from intraabdominal sources. Seven had infected ascites. All of them had unrecognized secondary peritonitis which was diagnosed and treated as spontaneous (primary) bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Ascitic fluid analysis yielded a mean white blood cell count of 23,750 ± 10,935/cu mm with 91.5% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, significantly higher than patients surveyed with SBP, 1,757 ± 2,154 /cu mm (P<.001). Ascitic fluid protein levels were also higher than those typically seen in SBP: 4.4 ± 1.5 gm/dl vs 0.8 ± 0.4 gm/dl (P<.001). The ascites: serum protein ratio was consistent with an exudate in those patients with secondary peritonitis (0.7 ± 0.2) in contrast to typically infected transudate in patients with SBP (0.15 ± 0.05) (P<.001). Bacteriologic determination was similar: single organisms with Escherichia coli the most common. Often the clinical features and ascitic fluid analysis will not differentiate spontaneous from secondary peritonitis. It is, therefore, clinically prudent to consider secondary bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients, especially with ascitic fluid WBC counts in excess of 5,000/cu mm and protein levels of 2.5≥ gm/dl. Noninvasive diagnostic procedures should be included to search for sources of intra-abdominal infection.
Auxotonic loading and airway smooth muscle shortening.

Isometric and isotonic contractions represent two extremes in loading regimens that can be imposed on a contracting smooth muscle preparation in vitro. Under physiological conditions, however, it is likely that smooth muscle in hollow organs contracts against auxotonic loads, the magnitude of which is a function of muscle shortening. Therefore, attempts to determine physiologically significant contractile properties of smooth muscle should be made under auxotonic loading conditions. An electronic loader was built to provide four auxotonic loading modes: linear, logarithmic, sigmoidal, and exponential. These shortening-dependent auxotonic loads were imposed on an actively shortening canine tracheal smooth muscle. Results confirmed that (i) active force generated by the muscle is load dependent but that (ii) at the same load borne by the muscle in its steady state, i.e., at the same maximum force generated by the muscle, the maximum shortenings under different loading modes were significantly altered. The shortening was maximal under the exponential loading mode, which provided the smallest load in the early phase of contraction, while it was the least under the logarithmic loading mode, which provided the greatest load in that phase. We concluded that the shortening achieved by an airway smooth muscle was a function not only of the magnitude of the final load imposed on the muscle but, more importantly, of the time course of loading. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arbitrage in Housing Markets

Urban economists understand housing prices with a spatial equilibrium approach that assumes people must be indifferent across locations. Since the spatial no arbitrage condition is inherently imprecise, other economists have turned to different no arbitrage conditions, such as the prediction that individuals must be indifferent between owning and renting. This paper argues the predictions from these non-spatial, financial no arbitrage conditions are also quite imprecise. Owned homes are extremely different from rental units and owners are quite different from renters. The unobserved costs of home owning such as maintenance are also quite large. Furthermore, risk aversion and the high volatility of housing prices compromise short-term attempts to arbitrage by delaying home buying. We conclude that housing cannot be understood with a narrowly financial approach that ignores space any more than it can be understood with a narrowly spatial approach that ignores asset markets.
Results of ophthalmologic screening examinations of German Pinschers in Finland--a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE To retrospectively review ophthalmologic findings in German Pinschers in Finland. ANIMALS STUDIED One hundred and twenty-two German Pinschers that had ophthalmologic examination performed according to the Finnish Kennel Club's Eye Scheme before June 15, 1999. PROCEDURES A total of 154 eye examination reports of 122 dogs were analysed and all described findings were reported. RESULTS Persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis (PHTVL) was diagnosed in 8.4% of all cases, and hereditary cataract (HC) in 6.5%. Even higher numbers of similar changes were reported by ophthalmologists; some of the dogs, however, were officially diagnosed as "free of symptoms" of inherited ocular diseases. A relatively high number (4.5%) of dogs had reported changes in Y sutures. A pedigree analysis suggests recessive inheritance for both diseases. Because of missing information about many dogs in the pedigree, an autosomal incomplete inheritance pattern cannot be ruled out in either case. CONCLUSIONS Both HC and PHTVL are inherited diseases in German Pinschers. Further studies are needed to determine the importance of the changes found in Y sutures. Discrepancies between the official diagnosis and described changes are probably partially due to the lack of familiarity with the published literature concerning this breed. Further studies are needed to ascertain the inheritance pattern for both diseases. So far breeding with affected animals should be avoided.
Unilateral and Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: Effects on EMG Signals of Lower Limb Muscles During Walking

The effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation on the spatio-temporal organization of locomotor commands directed to lower limb muscles were studied in subjects with idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD) by recording the EMG activity produced during steady-state walking in representative thigh (rectus femoris, RF, and semimembranosus, SM) and leg (gastrocnemius medialis, GAM, and tibialis anterior, TA) muscles, under four experimental conditions: basal stimulation off, unilateral (right and left) stimulation on, and bilateral stimulation on. Locomotor profiles of all of the muscles tested were found to be substantially affected by STN stimulation, either in terms of restoration/enhancement of the main activity bursts or normalization of recruitment timing thereof. Responses showed relatively higher statistical significance in the distal groups (GAM and TA) and, within them, for the EMG components called into action over the ground-contact (ankle dorsiflexors) and midstance (ankle plantarflexors) phases of the stride cycle. In line with data obtained from clinical rating, unilateral stimulation produced less consistent EMG changes compared with bilateral stimulation. However, at variance with clinical effects, which prevailed on the side of the body contralateral to stimulation, EMG responses to unilateral stimulation were usually symmetrical. Results indicate that the impact of STN stimulation on locomotor activation of lower limb muscles in PD is characterized by: 1) substantial effects exhibiting differential topographical (distal versus proximal) and stride-phase (stance versus swing) consistency and 2) absence of the lateralized actions typically observed for the clinical signs of the disease. Interaction with the activity of functionally different executive systems might account for the observed pattern of responsiveness.
When Dual Identity Becomes a Liability

This article examines the role of dual identity in political radicalism among migrants. Dual identity is defined as identification with both one’s ethnocultural minority in-group and one’s society of residence. We employed a longitudinal research design using members of the two largest migrant groups in Germany (Turkish migrants and Russian migrants) as participants. We reasoned that when dual identity is burdened with incompatibility between component identifications, it may foster controversial or even destructive forms of political mobilization, such as radicalism. Multiple regression analysis controlling for other influences confirmed the hypothesized moderated relationship between dual identification and sympathy for radical action. When accompanied by high, as opposed to low, perceived identity incompatibility, dual identification predicted increases in sympathy for radical action among both Turkish migrants and Russian migrants. The implications for public life in ethnically and culturally heterogeneous societies are discussed.
Equalization for DS-UWB Systems—Part I: BPSK Modulation

Ultra-wideband wireless transmission has attracted considerable attention both in academia and industry. For high-rate and short-range transmission, direct sequence based ultra-wideband (DS-UWB) systems are a strong contender for consumer market applications. Due to the large transmission bandwidth, the UWB channel is characterized by a long root-mean-square delay spread and the RAKE receiver cannot always overcome the resulting intersymbol interference. We therefore study equalization for DS-UWB systems. This paper is comprised of two parts. In this first part, we consider DS-UWB with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation, which is the mandatory transmission mode for DS-UWB systems promoted by the UWB Forum industry alliance. We derive matched filter bounds for optimum equalization taking into account practical constraints like receiver filtering, sampling, and the number of RAKE fingers when RAKE preprocessing is applied at the receiver. Our results show that chip-rate sampling is sufficient for close-to-optimum performance. For analysis of suboptimum equalization strategies we further study the distribution of the zeros of the channel transfer function including RAKE combining. Our findings suggest that linear equalization is well suited for the lower data rate modes of DS-UWB systems, whereas nonlinear equalization is preferable for high-data rate modes. Moreover, we devise equalization schemes with widely linear processing, which improve performance while not increasing equalizer complexity. Simulation and numerical results confirm the significance of our analysis and equalizer designs and show that low-complexity (widely) linear and nonlinear equalizers perform close to the pertinent matched filter bound limit.
It's a matter of time: a quantitative study examining the impact of invisible mentors on the initial semester grades of struggling high school students

Extensive research confirms that a high school diploma has a lasting value on future educational opportunities and career goals. Some students, in their transition to high school, can harm grade point averages to such a degree that future opportunities for rigorous courses or posthigh school opportunities are diminished. Caring relationships are a critical element in the motivation and encouragement of most of life’s endeavors and the purposeful creating of this type of relationship within the school day could have a positive impact on a students’ success. The improvement in semester grades for the first semester of high school could only serve to increase the probability of future success in school. This quantitative study, utilizing a quasi-experimental design, looked at the immediate impact of using teachers as mentors for struggling students during the first semester of their transitional year of high school at a suburban, middle-class high school in the Pacific Northwest. The students were not aware that the teacher had been assigned to them, hence the term invisible mentor, in order to examine the impact of natural forming relationships. Two-sample t-tests were conducted on the mean grade point averages of the struggling students who had invisible mentors for their transitional semester into high school. The results conclude that such a mentoring program had a positive impact on the first semester grades of the first semester of high school. Linear regression scatter plots showed positive relationship between the frequency of interactions that an invisible mentor has with a mentee and their academic improvement, as measured by GPA. This study scratches the surface into the impact of invisible mentoring for struggling students in this suburban, Pacific Northwest school district. Additional research may serve to strengthen these initial findings that promote the academic improvement of struggling students.
Redescription of Enterobius (Enterobius) macaci Yen, 1973 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae: Enterobiinae) Based on Material Collected from Wild Japanese Macaque, Macaca fuscata (Primates: Cercopithecidae)

abstract: Enterobius (Enterobius) macaci Yen, 1973 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae: Enterobiinae) was collected from a Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata, in Nara and Yamaguchi Prefectures, Honshu Island, Japan, for the first time. A redescription is presented along with DNA sequence data. This pinworm is a typical member of the subgenus Enterobius and is characteristic in the spicule morphology, being readily distinguished from other congeners. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Cox1 gene assign its position in the pinworm lineage adapted to the Old World primates, showing divergence before the splitting of the chimpanzee and human pinworms.
A randomized trial of unilateral and bilateral prefrontal cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant major depression

Background Although several studies have reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment has demonstrable efficacy in patients with depression, the parameters needed to optimize therapeutic efficacy remain unclear. To this end we determined the efficacy of low-frequency right rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) compared to two forms of bilateral rTMS to the DLPFC: (1) sequential low-frequency right-sided followed by high-frequency left-sided rTMS and (2) sequential low-frequency rTMS to both hemispheres. Method A total of 219 patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) were randomized to a 4-week course of rTMS applied with one of the three treatment conditions. Outcomes were assessed with standard rating scales. Results Overall, slightly more than 50% of the patients achieved clinical response criteria. There was no substantial difference in response between the unilateral and bilateral treatment groups. Successful response to rTMS was predicted by a greater degree of baseline depression severity. Conclusions There is no substantial difference in efficacy between unilateral right-sided rTMS and the two forms of bilateral rTMS assessed in the study. Furthermore, our results call into question the specificity between frequency and laterality and rTMS response.
The Role of Telepresence and User Engagement in Co-Creation Value and Purchase Intention: Online Retail Context

ABSTRACT Using the technology of three-dimensional (3D) product presentation within online retailing, the current study aims to explore the role of telepresence and its determinants (control, color vividness, and 3D authenticity) in enhancing user engagement, which in turn impacts co-creation value and purchase intention. To test the proposed hypotheses, this research developed a hypothetical online retailer website, which presented a variety of 3D laptops that users could co-create, change the color, and control the content and form of. This research collected the data from Jordanian consumer panel members via online self-administered questionnaires. This research finds that control, color vividness, and 3D authenticity are the main determinants of telepresence. Furthermore, this research finds that telepresence has a positive impact on user engagement, which in turn positively impacts co-creation value and purchase intentions. This research finds that co-creation value impacts purchase intentions. The current findings contribute to the online retailing literature by connecting user engagement with co-creation value, as previous research had focused on one of them but not the link between them.