Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of major limb amputations: a cross sectional study from a South Indian tertiary care hospital

Background: Limb loss to amputation is a major problem especially in developing countries where majority of the cases are preventable. It is a burden, not just for the patient, but also for their care givers which imposes tremendous financial and psychological burden upon them. The aim was to outline the patterns, indications and short term complications of major limb among patients attending Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India which is a tertiary care centre. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study that was conducted at Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, for a period of 18 months. 81 patients underwent major limb amputations in our hospital during the study period. Results: The age ranged between 23 to 90 years (mean 59.23±14.79). Males outnumber females by a ratio of 4:1. Above knee (transtibial) amputations were the most common. Diabetes mellitus was the most common cause (39.5%) followed by chronic NDMVI (33.3%). Younger individuals who underwent amputation were mostly due to trauma. Most common post op complication was surgical site infection (21%) and the most common organism cultured from the wound was Pseudomonas (50%). The most common additional procedure done was wound debridement. The mortality rate was 10% and mean duration of hospital stay was 23 days. Conclusions: Complications of diabetic foot ulcers and chronic vascular disease were the most common indications for major limb amputation in our environment. Trauma was the most common indication in younger individuals. The majority of these amputations are preventable by provision of health education, early presentation and appropriate management of the common indications.
Association of Perceived Interest Major Fit and Objective Interest Major Fit with Academic Achievement

Recently, despite the high budget allocating for education in Malaysia, the educational performance among students is low (Blueprint, 2013). Pascarella and Terenzini (2005; 1991) have identified four theories and models that affect students’ learning: (a) psychosocial, (b) cognitive-structural, (c) typological, and (d) person-environment interaction. This study focuses on person-environment interaction. The interactionist approach emphasizes that neither personal characteristics nor situational factors alone are unable to identify the attitudes or responses of people, but the interaction of them can be highly influential (Schneider, 1982; Terborg, 1981). Person-environment fit arguments were raised by interactionists who discussed that particulars attitudes, behaviours and cognitions are the results of the interaction between situational factors and individuals (Chatman, 1989; Muchinsky & Monahan, 1987; Ostroff & Schulte, 2007). The present study used academic achievement that is one of the outcomes of person–environment (P–E) fit. This research employed different types of P-E fit such as objective and perceived interest major fit. The main aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between the P-E fit and academic achievement. The present study is carried out in The Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The participants of the study were 2503 undergraduate students of 12 faculties at UPM. Findings of the relationship between the P-E fit and academic achievement have shown a highly positive relationship between the perceived interest major fit and the academic achievement, but there is no significant relationship between the objective interest major fit and the academic achievement.
Enhanced indistinguishability of in-plane single photons by resonance fluorescence on an integrated quantum dot

Integrated quantum light sources in photonic circuits are envisaged as the building blocks of future on-chip architectures for quantum logic operations. While semiconductor quantum dots have been proven to be the highly efficient emitters of quantum light, their interaction with the host material induces spectral decoherence, which decreases the indistinguishability of the emitted photons and limits their functionality. Here, we show that the indistinguishability of in-plane photons can be greatly enhanced by performing resonance fluorescence on a quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide. We find that the resonant optical excitation of an exciton state induces an increase in the emitted single-photon coherence by a factor of 15. Two-photon interference experiments reveal a visibility of 0.80 ± 0.03, which is in good agreement with our theoretical model. Combined with the high in-plane light-injection efficiency of photonic crystal waveguides, our results pave the way for the use of this system for the on-chip generation and transmission of highly indistinguishable photons.
ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY VERSUS STRENGTH FOR CONCRETE IN QATAR

Compressive strength of concrete is widely accepted as a characteristic property indicating and representing its quality. The accuracy of both ultrasonic and mechanical strength is discussed and the advantages of ultrasonic testing are pointed out. Measurements of ultrasonic pulse velocity and mechanical crushing load of concrete cubes made from the aggregate and cement used in the State of Qatar are reported in this paper. Measurements on concrete cores from a local structure are also reported. The results are compared with previously published correlation between the velocity and mechanical strength of concrete.
Isotopic Studies of Human Skeletal Remains from a Sixteenth to Seventeenth Century AD Churchyard in Campeche, Mexico

In AD 2000, construction activities in the central plaza of the city of Campeche, Mexico, led to the discovery of an early colonial church and an associated burial ground dating from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries AD. During the subsequent rescue excavations, the remains of at least 180 individuals were unearthed from the churchyard. We have concluded a series of isotopic studies of these remains to obtain information on diet, status, place of origin, and date of burial. This work involves the application of both light and heavy isotope analyses to both tooth enamel and human bone. Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios were measured in tooth enamel and bone. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured on bone collagen. Strontium and lead isotopes were measured in tooth enamel, and the ratios were compared to a large database for the Maya region. Radiocarbon dates were obtained for 10 of the skeletons to evaluate the date of burial and the period of use of the cemetery. The results of our study, interpreted jointly with mortuary information and conventional skeletal examination, provide detailed information on the overall burial population, a sort of collective life history of the deceased individuals. In the context of the historical background, new insights on living conditions, mobility, and diet of the founding generations in the colonial New World are obtained. A new and direct appreciation on life and death in an early multiethnic colonial Spanish town, including its historically invisible sectors—children, women, servants, and slaves—becomes possible.
A glass bottle defect detection system without touching

This paper presents a new remote detection system for defects in the upper portion of glass bottles in a production line. The system uses eight video cameras installed beside the production line to capture the images of the mouth, lip and neck of each bottle. Then, two computers collect and process these images to detect any defects. The detection process includes two parts: one is to detect defects occurring in the mouth and lip of a glass bottle using images captured from the top of a bottle. The other is for the defects occurring in the neck and shoulder of a bottle, by processing the images shot on the upper-side of the bottle. The processing includes image orientation, preprocessing, and image recognizing. The system sends a control signal to the mainframe once it recognizes a defective bottle, which can then be ejected from the production line. Test results are given to show the recognition rate system for all defects occurring in the upper part of a glass bottle.
Properties of aged forest fire plumes after intercontinental transport across the Atlantic Ocean

During the ICARTT study in summer 2004, measurements on the intercontinental transport of aerosols from biogenic and anthropogenic origin were performed at the European west coast as a part of the ICARTT-ITOP study (Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors). During the study the German Falcon 20 research aircraft was operating from an airport north of Paris. The aircraft was equipped with extensive in-situ aerosol and trace gas instrumentation. Additionally, a ground-based aerosol lidar at Palaiseau south of Paris monitored the vertical structure of the atmosphere. Trajectory analyses permitted the identification of the plume origin for several case events. During the ITOP activities in summer 2004, forest fire plumes from Canada and Alaska were transported very frequently in the free troposphere across the Northern Atlantic and probed by the Falcon and by the lidar. Physico-chemical properties of the forest fire plumes showed a strong absorption signal in the visible spectral range, the complete absence of nucleation mode particles, an almost depleted Aitken mode and an enhanced accumulation mode compared to the undisturbed background aerosol. Volatility analyses of Aitken and accumulation mode particles indicated the influence of ageing processes on the aerosol properties. It turned out that the accumulation mode aerosol inside these forest fire plumes was completely internally mixed with nonvolatile cores, while in the undisturbed background aerosol a considerable fraction of entirely volatile particles was found even in the accumulation mode. The forest fire plumes also showed enhanced CO mixing ratios. An overview over the aerosol properties as a function of the plume age will be given based on a large set of investigated plume events.
Determining Strategic R&D Sectors In Turkey: An Import-Based Approach

Based on the postulates of the endogenous growth theory and the findings of a number of related empirical studies, nations that endeavor to sustain considerable economic growth in the long-run should invest more in R&D activities which should be designed in an effective way considering the needs as well as the prospects of the country. Therefore, national R&D policies should be firmly constructed based on effective diagnoses, which ideally require well-established procedures. In this regard, this paper attempts to contribute to the literature by developing an index that would help identify the strategic sectors for a developing country based on an import approach. The index, which is composed of two stages, initially pinpoints the sectors with high import indicators that are further evaluated based on their technological intensity and valueaddedness. The trade data on Turkey are also analyzed using the index to figure out the strategic sectors that should be incorporated within the R&D plans of the country. Results show that the most strategic manufacturing sectors for R&D in Turkey are aircraft & spacecraft, optical, photo, technical & medical apparatus and electric/electronic equipment, followed by organic chemicals and machinery.
Evaluation of the use of Self-reinforced Absorbable versus Metallic Plates and Screws in the Fractures of Symphysis and Parasymphysis Area

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical results of the use of self- reinforced absorbable mini-plates and screws in the reduction of fractures of mandibular symphysis and compare them with the results of using routine non-absorbable titanium mini-plates and screws. Absorbable plates do not need a second surgical procedure to remove. Therefore, there is less cost for the patient and no need for the patient to be put under anesthesia, given its complications. In addition, there will be no interferences with radiographic techniques. Twenty patients with fractures of the mandibular symphysis or parasymphysis areas, who had referred to were randomly divide into two groups. Group 1 and 2 subjects underwent treatment with non-absorbable metallic mini-plates and absorbable mini-plates and screws, respectively. All the patients underwent general anesthesia. After injection of a local anesthetic agent with 1:100,000 epinephrine, a vestibular incision was used to access the fractured bone, which was reduced using the prepared mini-plates and screws. All the patients underwent intermaxillary fixation (IMF) for three weeks and evaluated at 1-, 3- and 8-week post-operative intervals. Data was analyzed wit chi-squared test and independent samples t-test using SPSS statistical software. The patients were evaluated in relation to infection, pain, presence of manifest exudate, fever, occlusion and limitations in mouth opening and mobility of the fractured fragments. At the end of 6-week and 8-month post-operative intervals the patients underwent panoramic radiography. No significant differences were observed in any of the above-mentioned variables between the two groups (P>0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that absorbable systems are good and efficacious alternatives for non-absorbable titanium systems and can be used without complications in the reduction of fractures of mandibular symphysis and parasymphysis areas; however, absorbable systems cannot completely replace non-absorbable systems at present. (Sirous Risbaf Fakourand Mohammad Ayoub Rigi Ladez. Evaluation of the use of Self-reinforc ed Absorbable versus Metallic Plates and Screws in the Fractures of Symphysis and Parasymphysis Area.
Impact of agriculture crop residue burning on atmospheric aerosol loading – a study over Punjab State, India

Abstract. The present study deals with the impact of agriculture crop residue burning on aerosol properties during October 2006 and 2007 over Punjab State, India using ground based measurements and multi-satellite data. Spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (α) values exhibited larger day to day variation during crop residue burning period. The monthly mean Angstrom exponent "α" and turbidity parameter "β" values during October 2007 were 1.31±0.31 and 0.36±0.21, respectively. The higher values of "α" and "β" suggest turbid atmospheric conditions with increase in fine mode aerosols over the region during crop residue burning period. AURA-OMI derived Aerosol Index (AI) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) showed higher values over the study region during October 2007 compared to October 2006 suggesting enhanced atmospheric pollution associated with agriculture crop residue burning.
Revisited fluorine abundances in the globular cluster M 22 (Research Note)

Aims. Fluorine is a fairly good tracer of formation histories of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters as already revealed by several studies. Large variations in fluorine abundance in red giant stars of the globular cluster M 22 have been recently reported by two di erent groups. Futhermore, one of these studies claims that the abundance of fluorine is anti-correlated with sodium abundances in this cluster, leading to strong conclusions on the chemical history of M 22. To validate this important finding, we re-examine the F abundance determinations of some of the previously studied stars. Methods. We have reanalysed some high-resolution VLT/CRIRES spectra of RGB stars found in M 22 in order to re-estimate their fluorine abundance from the spectral synthesis of the HF line at 2.336 m. Results. Unlike what has been previously estimated, we show that only upper limits or doubtful fluorine abundances with large uncertainties in M 22 RGB stars can be derived. This is caused by an incorrect identification of continuum fluctuations as the HF signature combined with a wrong correction of the stellar radial velocity. Such continuum fluctuations could be the consequences of telluric residuals that are still present in the analysed spectra. Therefore, no definitive conclusions on the chemical pollution caused by the M 22 first stellar generation can presently be drawn from the fluorine content of this cluster.
Stationary internal cooling passage experiments for an engine realistic configuration

Stationary experiments were conducted on an engine representative internal cooling passage with a filleted rectangular cross-section with staggered 45o ribs on two opposing walls. The ribs had a rounded profile and span half the width of the passage. Pressure loss measurements and spatially resolved heat transfer coefficients have been collected over the full surface of the test section over a range of Reynolds numbers (18,000 - 105,000) for two aspect ratios, 1:2 and 1:3. The experimental results were compared to widely used empirical correlations for ribbed passages with full width ribs in sharp-cornered passages. The average Nusselt number and friction factor differed to correlations by a maximum of 45% and 10% respectively.
SIZE AND KINSHIP AFFECT SUCCESS OF CO-FOUNDING LASIUS PALLITARSIS QUEENS*

Ant queens often found new colonies by raising their first brood of workers alone, using only their own metabolic reserves (claustrality). Many species vary this theme by having several queens cooperate to raise a common first brood (pleometrosis). Pleometrosis can have mutualistic benefits for all members such as, increased queen survivorship, more efficient worker production, and advantages in intercolony competition amongst founding colonies (Bartz and Holldobler 1982, Rissing and Pollock 1988). It is also, however, a situation of intense individual competition because in most species, only one or a few queens will survive from the initial group (Holldobler and Wilson 1977). With pleometrosis having both associated costs and benefits, it might be expected that queens would exhibit preferences for joining certain groups. Several bases for choice have been experimentally tested. Foremost among these is the effect of kinship, but evidence from a wide range of species suggests that ant queens do not preferentially join or avoid kin when given a choice of pleometrotic partners under laboratory conditions (Rissing and Pollock 1988, Nonacs 1989). Furthermore, electrophoresis of naturally occurring founding groups of Acromyrmex versicolor and Versomessor pergandei indicates that kin groups randomly associate (Hagen et al. 1988). Finally, in a theoretical treatment of nest site selection, Nonacs (1989) found that with high mortality rates during search, discriminating potential partners based on degree of relatedness only marginally increases fitness, and therefore predicted that kin discrimination should be rare in ants. Nonacs also predicted that potential competitive interactions between members of pleometrotic groups would have a much greater effect on nest site selection than would kinship. In testing
Determinants of Saving and Investment Behaviour of Tea Plantation Workers: An Empirical Analysis of Four Tea Gardens of Udalguri District (Assam)

The main objective of this paper is to examine the main determinants of saving and investment behaviour of tea plantation workers in Assam based on a microeconomic approach. Four tea gardens have been selected for the purpose of data collection. These gardens are Bhooteachang Tea Estate, Hattigor Tea Estate, Brotherhood Tea Growing firm and Jwnglari Tea Farm. Two separate multiple linear regression models were fitted for saving and investment. The paper found that there is propensity to save and invest among the tea planation workers in spite of low income. The workers in the sample save their income mainly in SBI, LIC, and other banks and invest in children's education and other income generating activities like rearing livestock, buying cultivated land, etc. Further, it is found that income level, education status, occupation have positive influence on saving, while the number of dependents exerts a negative influence on saving. The factors that drive household investment are occupation, income and assets.
Hybridisation among coral reef fishes at Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Hybridisation is common among terrestrial and freshwater species, but is considered rare and insignificant in marine systems. Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands represent a recently discovered marine suture zone that contains a high number of hybridising coral reef fishes. In this study we document a further eight species that are hybridising, bringing the total number of reported hybrid crosses to 15, involving 27 species across eight families. So far, eight of the 15 hybrid crosses have been genetically confirmed. There is a taxonomic bias to this hybridisation, with chaetodontids and acanthurids containing the greatest number of hybridising species. Hybridisation commonly involves Indian and Pacific Ocean sister species that are coming into secondary contact. In most cases, at least one parent species is rare and the lack of conspecific partners is leading to the formation of heterospecific social groups and the breakdown of assortative mating. The discovery of this hybrid hotspot provides a unique and important opportunity to examine speciation in the marine environment.
Scale Hierarchies in Particle Physics and Cosmology

I describe the phenomenology of a model of supersymmetry breaking in the presence of a tiny (tuneable) positive cosmological constant. It utilises a single chiral multiplet with a gauged shift symmetry, that can be identified with the string dilaton (or an appropriate compactification modulus). The model is coupled to the MSSM, leading to calculable soft supersymmetry breaking masses and a distinct low energy phenomenology that allows to differentiate it from other models of supersymmetry breaking and mediation mechanisms. We also study the question if this model can lead to inflation by identifying the dilaton with the inflaton. We find that this is possible if the Kahler potential is modified by a term that has the form of NS5-brane instantons, leading to an appropriate inflationary plateau around the maximum of the scalar potential, depending on two extra parameters.
Comparison between IRI-2012 and GPS-TEC observations over the western Black Sea

Abstract. The ionosphere is a dynamic layer which generally changes according to radiation emitted by the sun, the movement of the earth around the sun, and sunspot activity. Variations can generally be categorized as regular or irregular variations. Both types of variation have a huge effect on radio wave propagation. In this study, we have focused on the seasonal variation effect, which is one of the regular forms of variation in terms of the ionosphere. We examined the seasonal variation over the ZONG station in Turkey for the year 2014. Our analysis results and IRI-2012 present different ideas about ionospheric activity. According to our analysed results, the standard deviation reached a maximum value in April 2014. However, the maximum standard deviation obtained from IRI-2012 was seen in February 2014. Furthermore, it is clear that IRI-2012 underestimated the VTEC values when compared to our results for all the months analysed. The main source of difference between the two models is the IRI-2012 topside ionospheric representation. IRI-2012 VTEC has been produced as a result of the integration of an electron density profile within altitudinal limits of 60–2000 km. In other words, the main problem with regard to the IRI-2012 VTEC representation is not being situated in the plasmaspheric part of the ionosphere. Therefore we propose that the plasmaspheric part should be taken into account to calculate the correct TEC values in mid-latitude regions, and we note that IRI-2012 does not supply precise TEC values for use in ionospheric studies.