Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic O-demethylation in acetobacterium dehalogenans : interaction mediated by O-demethylase components

The gram positive bacterium Acetobacterium dehalogenans belongs to the group of acetogens. The anaerobe utilizes the methyl group of phenyl methyl ethers, which are products of the lignin degradation process, as a carbon and energy source. The O-demethylation reaction in which the methyl group of the substrate is transferred to tetrahydrofolate is mediated by the key enzymes, the O-demethylases, in the methylotrophic metabolism. The O-demethylase enzyme complex consists of four components: a methyltransferase I (MT I) transfers the methyl group of a phenyl methyl ether to a super-reduced corrinoid protein ([CoI]-CP) to form methylcobalamin (CH3-[CoIII]-CP). The second methyltransferase (MT II) mediates the methyl transfer from CH3-[CoIII]-CP to tetrahydrofolate forming methyltetrahydrofolate. The inactive form of the corrinoid protein ([CoII]-CP), which is occasionally generated by inadvertent oxidation, is reduced by the activating enzyme (AE) in an ATP dependent reaction. Four different O-demethylase enzyme systems were identified as guaiacol-, syringate-, vanillate-, and veratrol-O-demethylase. In the work presented here, the interactions of the O-demethylase components were studied using two-hybrid assays, gel shift experiments and far-Western blot analyses. Emphasis was laid on studies on the interaction of AE and CP. With the exception of the yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H), an interaction between AE and CP was always observed. In gel shift experiments, the presence of the corrinoid cofactor was a prerequisite for the interaction of the two components. On native PAGE, AE appeared as dimer. The Y2H experiments pointed to an involvement of the N-terminal fragment of AE (AE 1-133) in the oligomerization of the protein. Interaction studies in the presence of the other O-demethylase components revealed interactions of CP and the two MTs which is in accordance to the proposed reaction mechanism of the O-demethylases. The reductive activation of CP catalyzed by AE in an ATP dependent reaction was also studied. It was shown that AE is able to reduce the corrinoid cofactor of different CPs and therefore, AE seems to be an universal reductive activator of corrinoid enzymes of A. dehalogenans. The physiological electron donor for the corrinoid reduction is unknown so far. In this study two genes of A. dehalogenans encoding putative ferredoxins (Fds) were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The reconstituted Fds I and II showed typical UV/Vis spectra for the presence of iron-sulfur clusters. The amino acid sequence analyses and iron determinations indicated that Fd I contains 4 [4Fe-4S] clusters while Fd II harbors two of these. However, the involvement of the two ferredoxins in corrinoid activation could not be demonstrated by the biochemical assays used.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ACTIVE CONTROL OF TRANSONIC FLUTTER

Independent structural dynamic and inviscid aerodynamic models are coupled, in the time domain, and two-dimensional transonic flutter suppression via active flap control is simulated. The two common coupling approaches, namely ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ procedures, are investigated and it is found that the strong coupling scheme is more accurate than the weak coupling approach, and only for large real time-steps is the strong coupling scheme more expensive. The method developed is used to simulate transonic aeroelasticity in the time domain, and to compute stability (flutter) boundaries of 2-D wing sections. A control law is then implemented within the solver to investigate active control of a trailing edge flap. Open and closed loop simulations show that active control can successfully suppress flutter and results in a significant increase in the allowable speed index in the transonic regime.
A novel pole figure inversion method: specification of the MTEX algorithm

A novel algorithm for ODF (orientation density function) estimation from diffraction pole figures is presented which is especially well suited for sharp textures and high-resolution pole figures measured with respect to arbitrarily scattered specimen directions, e.g. by area detectors. The estimated ODF is computed as the solution of a minimization problem which is based on a model of the diffraction counts as a Poisson process. The algorithm applies discretization by radially symmetric functions and fast Fourier techniques to guarantee smooth approximation and high performance. An implementation of the algorithm is freely available as part of the texture analysis software MTEX.
Diet-dependent UVAR and UVBR resistance in the high shore harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis

This study tested the hypotheses (1) that the upper shore rock pool harpacticoid cope- pod Tigriopus brevicornis is protected against ultra-violet radiation (UVR) by the orange pigment astaxanthin, and (2) that astaxanthin levels would be greater in summer than winter. Wild orange copepods lost their pigment and became white if fed on yeast in the dark; their colour was restored when they were fed microalgae. White T. brevicornis were significantly more susceptible to UVR than wild or restored orange T. brevicornis. At similar intensities of radiation, copepods showed dura- tion of survival in the order UVAR > UVBR. Astaxanthin protected T. brevicornis against UVAR and UVBR, with the degree of effectiveness of protection being in the order UVAR > UVBR. There was no significant increase in astaxanthin levels during summer in T. brevicornis collected from 3 different shores. It is suggested that UVAR protection by astaxanthin largely follows from its effectiveness as an antioxidant, and that there are adequate plant resources available to maintain astaxanthin levels in T. brevicornis throughout the year.
Intermittent Exotropia: Our Experience in Surgical Outcomes

Introduction: Exotropia is ocular misalignment with outward deviation of eyes. Exodeviation is about 25% of all deviations. Incidence is about 32.1/1,00,000 under 19 years of age. Exotropia can be divided into comittant or incomittant. Aim: To compare the surgical outcomes of unilateral recession resection versus bilateral recession in intermittent exotropia. Methodology: Inclusion criteria: Patients age >5 years, Exotropia between 25-45 Prism Diopters. Exclusion criteria: Vertical squint, Paralytic squint, Previous history of squint surgery, Ocular diseases corneal, lenticular and fundal pathology, Patient not willing for surgery, not coming for follow up. After complete examination randomized age group were selected and were grouped in two groups. Group A underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection. Group B underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession. Surgery was performed by a single surgeon. Results: Total 66 patients were included in the study. Maximum patient were in 21-25 years in both groups. Female preponderance was present. Cosmetic symptoms were present in all age group. Maximum patients were having 30 PD in both groups. There was no statistical difference in both group. Surgical outcomes were approximately equal in both groups. Conclusion: Outcome of unilateral recession of lateral rectus and resection of medial rectus versus bilateral lateral rectus recession were found to be equal with no significant statistics.
The Aemulus Project. II. Emulating the Halo Mass Function

Existing models for the dependence of the halo mass function on cosmological parameters will become a limiting source of systematic uncertainty for cluster cosmology in the near future. We present a halo mass function emulator and demonstrate improved accuracy relative to state-of-the-art analytic models. In this work, mass is defined using an overdensity criteria of 200 relative to the mean background density. Our emulator is constructed from the Aemulus simulations, a suite of 40 N-body simulations with snapshots from z = 3 to z = 0. These simulations cover the flat wCDM parameter space allowed by recent cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillation and SNe Ia results, varying the parameters w, Ωm, Ωb, σ8, Neff, ns, and H0. We validate our emulator using five realizations of seven different cosmologies, for a total of 35 test simulations. These test simulations were not used in constructing the emulator, and were run with fully independent initial conditions. We use our test simulations to characterize the modeling uncertainty of the emulator, and introduce a novel way of marginalizing over the associated systematic uncertainty. We confirm nonuniversality in our halo mass function emulator as a function of both cosmological parameters and redshift. Our emulator achieves better than 1% precision over much of the relevant parameter space, and we demonstrate that the systematic uncertainty in our emulator will remain a negligible source of error for cluster abundance studies through at least the LSST Year 1 data set.
Bactericidal Efficacy of Different Diode Laser Operation Modes Against Enterococcus faecalis Compared with Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation

Background. Microorganisms surviving in the root canal system despite the chemomechanical preparation are the main reason for reinfection and endodontic treatment failure. The introduction of laser-assisted endodontics resulted in higher success rates and less recurrent infections. Objectives. To compare the antibacterial action of diode laser irradiation (CV – 1500 W, IMP – 3000 W), photoactivated disinfection (PAD), and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on Enterococcus faecalis in an infected tooth model. Material and Methods. Fifty freshly extracted bovine teeth with single canals were prepared to apical size 45° ISO, autoclaved and contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. After a 48-hour incubation the specimens were randomly divided into four treatment groups and one control group (n = 10): Group 1 was irradiated with 1500 mW (continuous wave diode laser irradiation); Group 2 was irradiated with 3000 mW (impulse diode laser irradiation, 300 ms – pulse, 300 ms – pause); Group 3 was subjected to photo-activated disinfection and Group 4 was irrigated with a 5.25% NaOCl solution for 15 min. Group 5 was rinsed with saline solution (control). After treatment, the dentin samples were collected and the number of surviving bacteria was determined by classical quantitative microbiologic evaluation. Results. The differences in the mean number of the colony forming units (CFU/mg) between all the groups analyzed were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The highest number of microorganisms was observed in the control group (52.7 x 103 CFU/mg). Both diode laser applications resulted in a significant reduction in the number of E. faecalis cells: G1 – 1.4 x 103 CFU/mg, G2 – 4.2 x 103 CFU/mg, whereas in the group subjected to photo-activated disinfection the extent of reduction was significantly less (G3 – 42.8 x 103 CFU/mg). Conclusions. The present study demonstrates that CW and pulse diode laser applications are both suitable for root canal disinfection, but do not eradicate all bacteria (Dent. Med. Probl. 2016, 53, 2, 216–221).
Top-search over grid file

In the era of huge datasets, the topsearch becomes an effective way to decrease the search time of topobjects. Since we suppose locally accessible data only, the multidimensional indexes containing all attributes together seem to be more effective than a distribution of each attribute to a separate index. Therefore we introduce the topsearch algorithm over grid file – the multidimensional index not used for the topsearch yet. Grid file does not require computation with all attribute values together like R-tree, R*-tree (i.e. computation of area, perimeter) nor a metric like M-tree. Grid file can be used directly for indexing any type of attributes with natural ordering. Our experiments show that grid file, R-tree and R*-tree offer much better performance of the topsearch than separated B-trees and table scan.
Making sense of ecopreneurs' decisions to sell up

This article examines the phenomenon of values-based firms being sold to larger mainstream firms. Its focus is on the sensemaking rationale offered by a New Zealand ecopreneur who sold an organic beverage company after 20 years at the helm. The company case study is presented through two enterprise development narratives based on alternative sensemaking modes. Key values-related challenges arising in ecopreneurial business are identified, including (1) adhering to the founder's values, (2) growing the business sustainably, (3) deciding whether and when to expand ownership to cope with undercapitalization, (4) deciding who to bring in as new owners to ensure values alignment, (5) determining how and when the founder might leave and (6) ensuring the attractiveness of the sustainability values so that they might be retained. Other factors implicated in the sale of values-based firms are also postulated. It is argued that, although ecopreneurs might be accused of selling out their principles by selling up, there is some evidence that eco-brands are being maintained and that growth prospects could be improved after acquisition. Serial ecopreneurship may even extend social benefits. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Susceptibility of various Bt cotton hybrids to Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

Bt cotton, which confers resistance to important insect pests of cotton, was first adopted in India as hybrids in 2002. Five years later, in 2007 Bt cotton area had soared to 6.2 million ha grown by 3.8 million ha - a remarkably high proportion in a fairly short period of five years. The main objective of this study was field screening of Bt cotton hybrids against H. armigera (Hubner), for which observations of Bt hybrids were undertaken at weekly intervals from 15 to 135 days after emergence for recording larval population and damaged caused by Helicoverpa armigera. The lowest mean neonate larval count per five plants was observed on Tulshi-9 (0.17 to 0.53) followed by RCH-Alto (0.33 to 0.67), JK-99 (0.50 to 1.67) and RCH-2 (0.17 to 0.50) at all levels of observation. In case of percent damage to square, flowers, bolls (fruiting bodies) similar trend was observed. Mallika and MECH-162 recorded comparatively higher number of neonate larvae and percent damage. Tulshi-9 recorded highest yield (15.01 q/ha) followed by JK-99 (11.37 q/ha), RCH-Alto (10.95 q/ha) and Bunny (10.75 q/ha). All the Bt hybrids were found statistically superior over non-Bt in lowering larval count, reducing percent damage and increasing the yield.
Financing constraints and R&D investments of large corporations in Europe and the US

This paper explores the existence and importance of financing constraints for R&D investments in large EU and US manufacturing companies over the 2000 – 2007 period. The main results obtained by estimating error-correction equations suggest that the sensitivity of R&D investments to cash flow variations are important for European firms while US ones do not appear to be financially constrained. In terms of policy implications, these results suggest improving the conditions for access to external capital to finance R&D activities in the EU.
Residential stamp duty: time for a change?

In this report, we are concerned with the impact of the current system of residential stamp duty. Not only does stamp duty have an effect on the housing market, but it also discriminates between both different parts of the country and different household types. Because of the inefficiencies and inequalities of stamp duty the report also explores alternatives to the current system. We demonstrate that even modest reforms can generate significant improvements. The purpose of our report is to consider the economic rationale lying behind stamp duty. We have three broad main aims: •to consider how stamp duty measures up to general principles of optimal taxation, •to consider and quantify, where possible, the effects of stamp duty on the housing market and wider economy, •to discuss meaningful revenue-neutral alternatives to the current regime.
The Relationship between Product Market Competition and Capital Structure of the Selected Industries of the Tehran Stock Exchange

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between product market competition and capital structure of the selected industries on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Considering Tobin’s Q and Herfindahl-Hirschman index as the independent variable and the debt ratio as the dependent variable, the research model is developed. This is an applied study classified as the descriptive- correlation study. The sample covers 89 listed firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange during a period over 2007 to 2011. The collected data is analyzed by using multivariate regression executed in EVIEWS software. The findings reveal that there is a significant association between the capital structures of the selected industry and the product market competition. Additionally, applying Tobin’s Q and Herfindahl-Hirschman index as the indexes to measure the competitiveness in the product market does not document the significant relationship between product market competition and capital structure. The other findings, however, confirm the nonlinear relationship between Tobin’s Q and capital structure.
Expectancy-Value Model of Achievement Choice and Self-Reported Disruptive Behaviors of Elementary School Students İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Başarı Seçimi Beklenti Değeri Modeli ve

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among elementary school level boys and girls’ expectancy beliefs, subjective task values, and their disruptive behaviors in a physical education program. One hundred and thirty one students (56 boys and 75 girls) in grades 3, 4, 5, and 6 completed questionnaires assessing their expectancy beliefs, subjective task values and self-reported disruptive behaviors. The result of this research revealed no gender differences for these variables. Results also indicated that there were no significant relationships between expectancy-value of achievement choice and students’ disruptive behaviors for both gender. Because this study represents the first attempt to examine the relationships among expectancy beliefs, task values and student self-reported disruptive behaviors in a physical education/activity setting, more research is needed to confirm or refute this finding.
What do we talk about when we talk about disappointment? Distinguishing outcome-related disappointment from person-related disappointment

Empirical research on the emotion disappointment has focused uniquely on disappointments produced by outcomes that are worse than expectations. Introspection suggests that in many cases persons instead of outcomes cause the disappointment. In the present study we therefore argue that the emotion word “disappointment” refers to two different emotional experiences, namely, outcome-related disappointment and person-related disappointment. Results from an empirical study support this distinction by showing that these two types of disappointment differ from each other and from anger and sadness with respect to appraisals and response types.
An Empirical Investigation on the Motivations for the Adoption of Open Source Software

Open Source Software has evolved dramatically in the last twenty years and now many open source products are considered similar, or better, than proprietary solutions. The result is that the trustworthiness of some open source products is now very high and the motivations for adopting an open source product over a proprietary product has changed in the last ten years. For this reason, we ran a mixed research approach, composed of three empirical studies, so as to identify the motivations for the adoption of open source products. The goal is to take a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in FLOSS motivation's adoption. Results show that the economical aspects and the freedom of some type of licenses are not the main adoption drivers any more while other motivations such as the ease of customization and ethical reasons are currently considered more important.
EFFECT OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENTS WITH UV-RAY ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF ANISE (Pimpinella anisumL.)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments with UV-ray on the amount of essential oil and its components. The results showed that UV-C, high energetic, had greater effect on studied characters, especially plant secondary metabolites than UV-A. And also D2 distance between UV source and exposed seeds produced higher values of essential oil components of seeds compared to D1. There were differences effect of exposed times on the studied characters, the highest fixed oil rate was found when the seeds exposed to UV for 40 min. while the optimum protein and essential oil contents were found at 20 min. radiation, whereas at 60 min. radiation, higher concentration of trans-anethole was accumulated. The results showed that exposing seeds to UV-C ×D2 ×T2 significantly increased essential oil yield (42.40 kg ha-1) compared to control (10.63 kg ha-1 ), while exposing seeds to UV-C at 6 cm distance for 20 min. significantly increased the rate of essential oil compared to control. While the higher rate of fixed oil was recorded after exposing the seeds to UV-A ×D2 ×T2 with values (12 %) control (5%). Concerning the studied chemical compounds, they were significantly affected by UV-ray, but each had an optimum dose for accumulating a high rate. The higher concentration of trans-anethole as the main compound of anise essential oil, was found to be (43.824 mg ml-1) after exposing seeds to UV-C at 6 cm distance for 60 min. compared to control (7.955 mg ml-1), while by decreasing exposure time to 40 min. for the same treatment, the concentration of estragole recorded the highest rate (1.87 mg ml-1) compared to control (0.818 mg ml-1). Moreover, anisaldehyde recorded high concentration with UV-C×D1×T1 (2.131 mg ml-1), dianethole with UV-A ×D2×T2 (15.03 mg ml-1), anisic acid with UV-C×D2×T1 (5.064 mg ml-1), linalool with UV-A ×D1×T1 (4.044 mg ml-1) and limonene in control treatment (3.689 mg ml-1). The studied correlation coefficients verified that the essential oil was positively and significantly correlated with each of fixed oil and protein. Trans-anethole had negative and significant correlations with limonene and linalool (-0.668** and -0.468**), respectively, and also had positive and significant correlations with estragole with enisaldehyde (0.556**) and dianethole (0.716**).