Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Online Review Exposure on Reviewers’ Intensity Level of Negative Word of Mouth

Nowadays to post online review is becoming a common practice. However, apart from limited studies, little is known how online reviews can prejudice subsequent reviews. Our three experimental studies demonstrate that following negative service experiences, reviewers are influenced by earlier posted reviews when writing their own reviews. Exposing reviewers to negative (positive) valence reviews encourages them to write reviews with a higher (lower) intensity level of negative word of mouth (n-wom). Their level of immersion in the earlier posted reviews (i.e., perceived transportation) is the underlying explanatory mechanism behind this relationship. However, this mediating effect is stronger for novice (vs. expert) reviewers. Illuminating the potential influence of online reviews, this research suggests that online reviews should not be embraced literally by consumers and firms but should be utilized judiciously to enhance their service experiences and service quality.
Does Education Affect Attitudes towards Immigration?

Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and exploiting the staggered implementation of a compulsory schooling reform in West Germany, this article finds that an additional year of schooling lowers the probability of being very concerned about immigration to Germany by around six percentage points (20 percent). Furthermore, our findings imply significant spillovers from maternal education to immigration attitudes of her offspring. While we find no evidence for returns to education within a range of labor market outcomes, higher social trust appears to be an important mechanism behind our findings.
Sovereign Credit Rating Announcement Effects on Foreign Currency Denominated Bond and Equity Markets in Africa

ABSTRACT This study investigates the net effect of sovereign credit rating announcements on long-term foreign currency denominated bonds and stock markets in 19 African countries over the period of 1994 to 2014. Using a combination of Granger Causality tests and Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) models, the results show that there is a positive relationship between Africa’s stock and bond markets, and weak positive associations between sovereign credit ratings and bond and stock markets. These results imply that both stocks and bonds react negatively (positive) to sovereign credit downgrade (upgrade) announcements. The study further finds that sovereign rating changes affect bond prices more than stock prices because of the volatility in the magnitude of a sovereign downgrade on the default risk premium and bond yields in African markets.
E-Policing Systems: The Perspectives of Police Officers and Citizens in a Developed and Developing Nation

A theoretical framework including categories of factors and their associated indicators is derived from previous studies and used to examine e-Policing systems from the perspective of police and citizens in a developed nation (Singapore) compared to a developing nation (Maldives). Data collected by questionnaire from a sample of citizens and police from both nations is used to test hypotheses related to the indicators in the framework. The findings provide insights into e-Policing practices and services provided via social network services (SNS) and location-based services in a developed and a developing nation. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Postoperative Ketorolac Does Not Predispose to Pseudoarthrosis Following Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Study Design. A retrospective review comparing patients who had postoperative ketorolac and those who did not following posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation (PSFI) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Objective. To analyze the effect of postoperative ketorolac on the incidence of pseudoarthrosis in postoperative AIS patients. Summary of Background Data. Ketorolac (Toradol, Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ) is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that is an effective adjunct to manage postoperative pain. It has been previously demonstrated to inhibit spinal fusion in adult patients undergoing a L4 to sacral fusion. To our knowledge, there are no large studies analyzing this effect following PSFI for AIS. Methods. An IRB-approved retrospective medical record review was performed from 1994 to 2000 of patients undergoing a PSFI for AIS at a single institution. Segmental spinal instrumentation (Texas Scottish Rite Hospital) and iliac crest bone graft were used in both groups. Demographic and operative data were recorded. Patients were divided into those who had postoperative ketorolac (K group) and those who did not (NK group). Patients who had a surgically confirmed pseudoarthrosis were identified and the K group and NK group were statistically compared. Results. There were 161 patients in the NK group and 158 in the K group. There were no differences with respect to age (14.4 vs. 14.2 years), gender (83.9% vs. 84.8% females), levels fused (9.8 vs. 9.7), or preoperative curve magnitude (57.9° vs. 58.9°). In the K group, the number of doses of ketorolac administered was 6.7 for an average of 26.7 mg for a duration of 46 hours after surgery. Patients in the K group were more likely to have Motrin (average 5.8 doses) compared with the NK group (average 0.7 doses) (P < 0.01). No patient in the K group had a history of cigarette smoking compared with 2 patients in the NK group, both of whom went on to solid arthrodesis. The overall incidence of pseudoarthrosis was 2.5% for all patients. There was no difference in the incidence of pseudoarthrosis comparing the K (1.9%) and the NK group (3.1%)(P = 0.7). When the single rod posterior implants were excluded, there was no difference between the K (0.7%) and NK groups (1.8%) (P = 0.58). Conclusion. Ketorolac does not increase the incidence of developing a pseudoarthrosis when used as an adjunct for postoperative analgesia following a PSFI for AIS using segmental spinal instrumentation and iliac crest bone graft. The differences seen here compared with adults may be due to the greater healing potential in these young patients. We recommend utilization of ketorolac after surgery to supplement pain management when necessary.
The Manual Muscle Examination for Rotator Cuff Strength

The electromyographic activity of eight muscles of the rotator cuff and shoulder girdle (supraspinatus, in fraspinatus, subscapularis, pectoralis, latissimus dorsi, and the anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid) was measured from the nondominant shoulders of 11 sub jects during a series of 29 isometric contractions. The contractions simulated different positions used for strength testing of the rotator cuff and involved eleva tion, external rotation, and internal rotation at three degrees of initial humeral rotation (-45° of internal rotation, 0°, +45° of external rotation) and scapular elevation (0°, 45°, 90°). Isolation of the supraspinatus muscle was best achieved with the test position of elevation at 90° of scapular elevation and +45° (exter nal rotation) of humeral rotation. Isolation of the in fraspinatus muscle was best achieved with external rotation at 0° of scapular elevation and -45° (internal rotation) of humeral rotation. Isolation of the subscap ularis muscle was best achieved with the Gerber push- off test. This study used four criteria for identifying the optimal manual muscle test for each rotator cuff mus cle : 1) maximal activation of the cuff muscle, 2) minimal contribution from involved shoulder synergists, 3) min imal provocation of pain, and 4) good test-retest reli ability. Based on the results of this study and known painful arcs of motion, an objective identification of the optimal tests for the manual muscle testing of the cuff was elucidated.
Debating Migration: the Brexit referendum in newspaper opinion pieces

On the 23rd June 2016, the UK public voted to Leave the EU in a close contest, with 51.89% advocating Leave and 48.11% optioning to Remain. In the aftermath of the vote, a rise in hate-crime was revealed signalling the fractious political climate at the time. Therefore, this paper reviews the discursive contribution of the UK online newsprint media during the EU referendum - with an emphasis on how migration-related arguments featured at different stages of the campaign. Political deliberations are supported by the media, who publish argumentative pieces in support of a certain outcome. Focusing on the comment pages of The Telegraph, The Daily Mail, The Guardian and The Mirror, this study provides an overview of how each campaign developed migration-arguments to support a Remain/Leave vote. This paper will demonstrate how the Discourse-Historical Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis can be used in conjunction with argumentation theory to examine how the representations of the circumstances surrounding an argument support a conclusion. Due to the influential capacity of the media, examination of what representational and argumentative strategies were relied upon will provide an insight into how the media contributed towards the public debate of the EU referendum and describe how migrants were objectified for political success.
The impact of the global budget system on dynamics of dental manpower and utilization of dental services

Background: This study aimed to investigate dentists’ supply and practice patterns following the implementation of the global budget system in Taiwan. Materials and Methods: Data of reimbursement claims, municipal socioeconomic status and dental manpower were collected from the National Health Insurance administration, the Ministry of Internal Affair, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare, respectively. A multivariate linear regression method was used for data analysis. Results: A municipality that reported a higher percentage of tertiary educated population (t = 3.718, P < 0.001), a higher per capita income (t = 6.172, P < 0.001), a higher population density (t = 6.172, P < 0.001), or a lower percentage of elderly population (t = −2.506, P = 0.014) was more likely to have a higher number of dentists per 100,000 population. A municipality that reported a higher Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) value (t = 2.880, P = 0.005) was more likely to show a higher move-out rate among dentists. The rate was lower after the implementation of the global budget system (t = −2.436, P = 0.018). A municipality that had a higher percentage of elderly population (t = 3.628, P < 0.001), a lower percentage of young population (t = −2.138, P = 0.035), or a higher rate of population growth (t = 4.412, P < 0.001) was more likely to display a higher move-in rate among dentists. The percentage of amalgam restorations in total claims reduced from 19.82% to 17.94%, while the percentage of tooth-colored material restorations increased from 25.46% to 28.79%. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated a stabilizing effect of the global budget system on dynamics of dental manpower in Taiwan. A relationship between HHI and dentists’ move-out rate has been found. The relationship between municipal socioeconomic status and the density of dentists has also been confirmed. In addition, reduced utilization of amalgam restorations was accompanied by increased utilization of tooth-colored material restorations. Further investigations are indicated.
The impact of journal re-grading on perception of ranking systems: Exploring the case of the Academic Journal Guide and Business and Management scholars in the UK

The marked increase in the use of metrics, such as journal lists, to assess research has had a profound effect on academics’ working lives. While some view the diffusion of rankings as beneficial, others consider their diffusion as a malicious development, which further acerbates a tendency towards managerialism in academia, and undermine the integrity and diversity of academic research. Using data from a large-scale survey and a re-grading of journals in a ranking used by Business and Management UK scholars—the Academic Journal Guide—as a pseudo-experiment, we examine what determines negative and positive perceptions of rankings. We find that the individuals who published in outlets that were upgraded were less hostile to the ranking than those who did not benefit from these changes, and that individuals were also less hostile to the ranking if outlets in their field had benefited from re-grading in the new list. We also find that the individuals who published in outlets that were upgraded were more positive to the ranking than those who did not benefit from these changes, and that individuals were also more positive to the ranking if outlets in their field had benefited from re-grading in the new list.
Community-Based Tourism in Developing Countries: A Framework for Policy Evaluation

Many developing countries have recognized the potential of their natural resources for the development of tourism. However, the policies designed to provide a framework for socially inclusive and ecologically sound tourism turn out to be weak in fostering community-based tourism (CBT). There is a spectrum of conditions that lead to success or failure of CBT initiatives that should be accounted for by national policies to ensure meaningful community engagement. This paper proposes a framework for the evaluation of tourism policy documents based on factors that facilitate and constrain CBT in developing countries. The framework was applied to seven tourism policy documents in Colombia using a content analysis approach. The results showed that the policies are weak in providing a base for community engagement in CBT. International experiences indicate that the barriers to CBT are similar throughout the world; thus, the framework is useful in the evaluation of policy documents in other developing countries.
New saturable-core Fault Current Limiter topology with reduced core size

Installation of new generating units and increased penetration of distributed generators (DGs) in the power systems increase the total power transmitted in the power grid. In the case of a fault, the amount of power captured by a short circuit is enlarged, leading to higher peaks of the fault currents and, consequentially, to higher stresses to the power system components. Installations of Fault Current Limiters (FCLs) are expected to prevent expensive upgrade and replacement of the components exposed to the over-stresses. Inductive FCL are particularly interesting due to their inherent reaction to a fault. However, some challenges are to be solved: excessive weight and induced over-voltage across the dc winding. The goal of this paper is to introduce a new configuration of the inductive FCL, where the amount of the required material has been reduced considerably and the induced over-voltage across the dc winding is decreased. Employment of one core per-phase instead of two reduces the amount of magnetic material. The core has three legs, where the middle leg is used as a shunt path for the ac flux. It enables a gap insertion in the ac magnetic circuit without influencing the dc magnetic circuit, i.e. amount of dc winding material. This means that a smaller core (less magnetic material) can be used for a same power level. The simulation results obtained from FCL models created in SaberDesigner are presented. They have been confirmed through the testing of the lab-scale prototype.
Assessment of a full‐scale duckweed pond system for septage treatment

Environmental conditions and wastewater treatment performance in a full‐scale duckweed pond system are presented. The treatment system consisted of three stabilization ponds in series and was fed with septage. Vacuum trucks pumped the septage from residential holding tanks and discharged it to the system daily. The inflow rates averaged 36 m3 d−1 in the cold season and 60 m3 d−1 in the warm season. Duckweed (Lemna minor) colonized the ponds in the warm months and survived during the cold season. Because of the difficult process for harvesting the duckweed biomass, the investigation of the treatment efficiency was carried out without plant harvesting. Samples were collected from the vacuum trucks and from the exit of each pond and were analysed for physicochemical and microbiological parameters over a period of 12 months. The results showed that the duckweed mat suppressed algal biomass, which in turn led to anoxic and neutral pond conditions. On an annual basis, the duckweed system sufficiently removed BOD5 (94%), NH4 + (72%) and E. coli (99.65%), with lower removal of TSS (63%) and Enterococci (91.76%). A slight increase (1.1%) was recorded for o‐PO4 3−. Between the two sampling seasons, BOD5 and TSS removal efficiencies were higher in the cold season with the longer retention time. Similar removal values in the warm and the cold season were found for nutrients and bacteria. These findings indicate that BOD5 and TSS removals are less temperature‐dependent at higher retention times, while ammonia nitrogen and bacterial removals are substantially influenced by temperature as well as retention time.
Complementarity of Linguistic and Prosodic Processes in the Intact Brain

Despite considerable speculation in the research literature regarding the complementarity of functional lateralization of prosodic and linguistic processes in the normal intact brain, few studies have directly addressed this issue. In the present study, behavioral laterality indices of emotional prosodic and traditional linguistic speech functions were obtained for a sample of healthy young adults, using the dichotic listening method. After screening for adequate emotional prosody and linguistic recognition abilities, participants completed the Fused Rhymed Words Test (FRWT; Wexler & Halwes, 1983) and the Dichotic Emotion Recognition Test (DERT; McNeely & Netley, 1998). Examination of the difference in ear asymmetries for these measures within individuals revealed a complementary pattern in 78% of the sample. However, the correlation between laterality quotients for the FRWT and DERT was near zero, supporting Bryden's model of "statistical" complementarity (e.g., Bryden, 1990).
Clinical factors associated with positive capsule endoscopy findings in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a single-center study

Abstract Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a useful tool for patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), but positive finding rate differs among trials, which may be attributable to the difference in patients’ background. Objectives: To evaluate the predictive factors associated with positive findings on CE. Methods: Consecutive patients with OGIB who underwent CE between March 2004 and May 2015 at a single university hospital were enrolled. Patients’ clinical factors and CE data were reviewed retrospectively, and we evaluated the relationship between clinical factors and positive findings by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Five hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in the analysis. Positive CE findings were obtained in 284 patients (49.1%). In multivariate analysis, low hemoglobin level (odds ratio (OR), 1.142 per 1 g/dL decrease; p < . 001), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score (OR, 1.170 per 1 point increase; p = .002), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use (OR, 1.640; p = .044) were associated with an increased prevalence of positive findings. As for components of CCI, malignant tumor (OR, 1.839; p = .017) was associated with the positive findings. Conclusions: OGIB patient with a low-hemoglobin level, complex and severe comorbidities, and NSAID use should receive CE.
FSO-Relevant New Measurement Results under Moderate Continental Fog Conditions at Graz and Milan

Interest in free space optics (FSO) has gained enormous popularity over the last few years, mainly due to two reasons, firstly delivering data rates that can meet future broadband telecommunication requirements and secondly as an alternate technology to solve the last mile access gap. However, optical signal transmitted in free space is subjected to deterioration while propagating due to its interactions with the particles of different sizes and shapes. The presence of hydrometeors in the atmosphere, for example, fog, mist, clouds, sleet, rain, snow and hail presents a very severe challenge to the optical signal propagation; especially fog leads to signal attenuations up to an order of few hundreds of dB/km. In this paper, the behaviour of FSO links installed in Milan and Graz in the presence of moderate continental fog conditions is analyzed analytically. Based on measurements made of signal attenuation at the two mentioned locations, comparisons are made for the peak, mean and median values of measured specific attenuation values and predicted signal attenuation values calculated analytically using standard modified gamma drop size distribution parameters and Mie scattering theory. Moreover, using Mie scattering theory a new set of modified gamma drop size distribution parameters are proposed for the measured peak, median and average values of specific attenuations for moderate continental fog conditions at Milan and Graz.
Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and/or low-calorie diet on steatohepatitis in rats with obesity and hyperlipidemia.

AIM To evaluate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and/or low-calorie diet (LCD) on a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS Fifty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The control group (n = 9) was fed with standard rat diet for 12 wk, NASH group (n = 10) was fed with high-fat diet consisted of normal diet, 10% lard oil and 2% cholesterol for 12 wk, UDCA group (n = 10) was fed with high-fat diet supplemented with UDCA at a dose of 25 mg/(kg.d) in drinking water for 12 wk, LCD group (n = 10) was fed with high-fat diet for 10 wk and then LCD for 2 wk, and UDCA+LCD group (n = 15) was fed with high-fat diet for 10 wk, followed by LCD+UDCA for 2 wk. At the end of the experiment, body weight, serum biochemical index, and hepatopathologic changes were examined. RESULTS Compared with the control group, rats in the NASH group had significantly increased body weight, liver weight, and serum lipid and aminotransferase levels. All rats in the NASH group developed steatohepatitis, as determined by their liver histology. Compared with the NASH group, there were no significant changes in body weight, liver weight, blood biochemical index, the degree of hepatic steatosis, and histological activity index (HAI) score in the UDCA group; however, body and liver weights were significantly decreased, and the degree of steatosis was markedly improved in rats of both the LCD group and the UDCA+LCD group, but significant improvement with regard to serum lipid variables and hepatic inflammatory changes were seen only in rats of the UDCA+LCD group, and not in the LCD group. CONCLUSION LCD might play a role in the treatment of obesity and hepatic steatosis in rats, but it exerts no significant effect on both serum lipid disorders and hepatic inflammatory changes. UDCA may enhance the therapeutic effects of LCD on steatohepatitis accompanied by obesity and hyperlipidemia. However, UDCA alone is not effective in the prevention of steatohepatitis induced by high-fat diet.