Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalable Heterogeneous Accelerating Structure for the HEVC Temporal Prediction

Despite offering significant gains in terms of the resulting encoding efficiency, the state-of-the-art High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard is characterized by a significant computational complexity, making it hardly implemented in real-time by nowadays General Purpose Processors (GPPs). This is mainly due to the Motion Estimation (ME) part of its temporal prediction module a very demanding and repetitive operation that takes a significant portion of the processing time. To circumvent such constraint, a scalable heterogeneous accelerating structure is presented, consisting of a set of Processing Elements (PEs) able to process several blocks of the current frame (the CTUs) in parallel. These PEs are composed by highly efficient accelerators, dedicated to the most demanding ME parts: integer search and the sub-pixel refinement operations. Moreover, the conceived PEs are fully programmable, thus supporting the implementation of most state-of-the-art ME algorithms and search strategies. Furthermore, a highly efficient distributed memory mechanism was also devised, in order to satisfy the demanding data transfers of the pixel data from the main encoder memory to each PE, without constraining the scalability of the system. To test and evaluate the proposed scalable acceleration system, an aggregate of 16 PEs was prototyped in a Virtex-7 FPGA, connected to a high-end desktop GPP via PCIe. The obtained results showed that the distributed memory mechanism and the devised accelerators are able to process the input video stream in real-time (30 fps), up to the resolution of 2160p (4K-UHD).
A model for the prediction of digoxin-drug interactions at the renal tubular cell level.

Digoxin-drug interactions are relatively common causes of digitalis toxicity. Recently, the clinical importance of the renal tubular secretion of digoxin has been proven by documenting drug interactions at this level. The authors describe a model using cultured renal tubular cell monolayers that can be used to predict drug interactions with the cardiac glycoside. This model accurately documents known clinical digoxin interactions such as those with verapamil and propafenone. The common feature of these interactions is that they involve P-glycoprotein substrates (e.g., digoxin, vincristine, vinblastine) or inhibitors (e.g., quinidine, cyclosporine). In the case of the newly described interaction of digoxin with itraconazole, the model preceded the emergence of clinical cases.
Participation in paid and unpaid work by adults with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To define determinants of participation in paid and unpaid work by adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A survey was designed in consultation with working age (< 65 yrs) adults with RA and sent to 269 patients recruited through 5 rheumatology practices. Hours worked "last week" was the measure of participation in employment and unpaid work (household, home maintenance, caregiving, studying, and volunteering). Potential determinants, conceptually organized as attributes of the person, environment, or occupation, were ascertained. RESULTS Recruitment response rate was 40% of patients invited, and 89% of those recruited submitted complete surveys. The 239 respondents were mostly women (81%), with mean age 50 years and duration of RA 13 years. Respondents reported an average of 47 hours of work: 19 paid and 28 unpaid hours. Regression analyses indicated more hours of paid work were associated with psychologically demanding work, higher social function, less pain, being male, managerial job type, and lower ratings of occupational balance. More hours of unpaid work were associated with more children in the household, greater perceived physical and psychological demand of the work, social support from family, and having a post-secondary education. Work limitations, reported by 73 respondents, were associated with lower functional status, more pain, and less psychologically demanding work. CONCLUSION Factors associated with greater participation in paid work differed from those associated with unpaid work. Work limitation affects both paid and unpaid workers. Work-related rehabilitation and education programs may be enhanced by addressing factors identified by this sample of paid and unpaid workers.
Focal childhood‐onset, action induced primary hip dystonia treated with pallidal deep brain stimulation

Focal proximal lower limb dystonias are rare. Unlike the adult form, focal lower limb dystonias in children usually become generalized. The condition is often unrecognized and the patient often receives orthopedic or psychiatric treatment for years before the diagnosis eventually made. Previously reported cases of isolated lower limb dystonias have been managed nonsurgically. We present a case of a childhood‐onset action‐induced primary hip dystonia that has remained focal even in adulthood and which responded successfully to pallidal deep brain stimulation. Additionally, our results suggest that neurons representing the leg lie within the most ventral aspect of the globus pallidus interna. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Memory Consolidation in Developmental Disorders

The relationship between memory and adaptive functioning was studied in sample of 268 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 83), autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 62), velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS, n = 21), and low birth weight (LBW, n = 38) and neurotypicals (n = 64). Children with ASD and VCFS demonstrated a relative weakness in facial and visual memory, while no between-group differences were found during the auditory verbal learning task of the TOMAL. Learning curve analyses showed that after the first trial of the visual span test, all groups performed at the same level, but the performance of the clinical samples dropped after each subsequent trials. However, during the delayed recall, no between-group differences were evident. On the word memory test, the groups were significantly different after the first trial, but during delayed recall their performance converged. When memory functioning was used to predict academic achievement, TOMAL scores explained 37% of the variance in math scores, 22% in reading, and 13% in spelling scores. The same models did not predict social skills as measured by the CBCL. When age, gender, and FSIQ were added to memory scores to the regression model, the adjusted R value doubled for achievement scores, with IQ clearly driving the age effect. However, IQ was not a significant predictor of social skills. With that criterion, age became the only significant predictor, explaining 39% of the variance. The clinical implications of the findings on diagnostic (nonverbal memory and math seem to be a relative weakness in neurodevelopmental disorders; repeated learning trials may be needed to allow diagnosis-specific deficits to emerge; cognitive variables predict academic, but not social functioning; consolidation could be treated as a separate, emergent variable and normed separately to enhance its diagnostic utility) and treatment (visual cuing may be less effective in ASD and especially VCFS than a verbally mediated one) considerations are discussed. Memory Consolidation iii Table of
[Levels of IL-12 produced by dendritic cells and changes of TH1/TH2 balance in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura].

OBJECTIVE To study the changes of IL-12 produced by dendritic cells in peripheral blood in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), and to explore its influence on TH1/TH2 balance in order to elucidate its significance in the pathogenesis of HSP. METHODS The levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in plasma were determined by ELISA in 60 HSP children (HSP group) and 21 healthy children (Control group). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 22 HSP patients and 21 healthy children were cultured in vitro and then were transformed into dendritic cells. The levels of IL-12 in the supernatant were detected by ELISA and the positive expression rate of CD1a(+) was detected by indirect immunofluorescence procedure. RESULTS 1) The levels of IFN-gamma and the ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 in plasma of the HSP group were lower than those of the Control group (IFN-gamma 30.59 +/- 11.27 pg/mL vs 43.38 +/- 19.19 pg/mL; IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio 0.70 +/- 0.28 vs 1.33 +/- 0.57) (P < 0.01). The levels of IL-12 in the HSP group were also lower than those of the Control group (153.95 +/- 91.88 pg/mL vs 323.06 +/- 162.34 pg/mL; P < 0.01). In contrast, the levels of IL-4 were higher than those of the Control group (45.08 +/- 9.19 pg/mL vs 32.95 +/- 7.10 pg/mL; P < 0.01). The plasma levels of IL-12 positively correlated with the IFN-gamma levels (r=0.52, P < 0.01) and the ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 (r=0.43, P < 0.01) in the HSP group. 2) The IL-12 levels in the supernatant of the HSP group were lower than those of the Control group (357.06 +/- 153.56 pg/mL vs 489.80 +/- 213.45 pg/mL; P < 0.05), and had a positive correlation with the plasma IL-12 levels (r=0.74, P < 0.01). 3) The positive expression rate of CD1a(+) of the HSP group was lower than that of the Control group [(27.42 +/- 10.75)% vs (35.68 +/- 12.18)%; P < 0.05], and positively correlated with the IL-12 levels in the supernatants (r=0.57, P < 0.01) and in plasma (r=0.68, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There was an imbalance of TH1/TH2 in HSP children. The decrease of TH1 function had a positive correlation with the low levels of IL-12 in plasma, while the latter correlated closely with decreased number and / or function of dendritic cells, suggesting that the decreased number and / or function of dendritic cells in peripheral blood resulted in the imbalance of TH1/TH2 indirectly.
An archaebacterial terminal oxidase combines core structures of two mitochondrial respiratory complexes.

The operon coding for a respiratory quinol oxidase was cloned from thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. It contains three genes, soxA, soxB and soxC. The first two genes code for proteins related to the cytochrome c oxidase subunits II and I, respectively. soxC encodes a protein homologous to cytochrome b, which is a subunit of the mitochondrial and bacterial cytochrome c reductases and the chloroplast cytochrome b6f complex. soxA is preceded by a promoter and the genes are cotranscribed into a 4 kb mRNA. Their protein products form a complex which has been partially purified and has quinol oxidase activity. The reduced minus oxidized absorption spectrum of the complex has two maxima at 586 and 606 nm. The latter is typical of cytochrome c oxidase. The complex contains four haems A. Two haems belong to the ‘cytochrome oxidase’ part of the complex and two are probably bound to be apocytochrome b (SoxC) and responsible for the 586 nm absorption peak. The homology between the sox gene products and their mitochondrial counterparts suggests that energy conservation coupled to the quinol oxidation catalysed either by the Sulfolobus oxidase or two mitochondrial respiratory enzymes may have a similar mechanism.
Peer victimisation during adolescence and its impact on depression in early adulthood: prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom

Objective To investigate the strength of the association between victimisation by peers at age 13 years and depression at 18 years. Design Longitudinal observational study. Setting Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK community based birth cohort. Participants 6719 participants who reported on peer victimisation at age 13 years. Main outcome measures Depression defined according to international classification of diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) criteria, assessed using the clinical interview schedule-revised during clinic assessments with participants when they were aged 18 years. 3898 participants had data on both victimisation by peers at age 13 years and depression at age 18 years. Results Of the 683 participants who reported frequent victimisation at age 13 years, 101 (14.8%) were depressed according to ICD-10 criteria at 18 years; of the 1446 participants reporting some victimisation at age 13 years, 103 (7.1%) were depressed at age 18 years; and of the 1769 participants reporting no victimisation at age 13 years, 98 (5.5%) were depressed at age 18 years. Compared with children who were not victimised those who were frequently victimised by peers had over a twofold increase in odds of depression (odds ratio 2.96, 95% confidence interval 2.21 to 3.97, P<0.001). This association was slightly reduced when adjusting for confounders (2.32, 1.49 to 3.63, P<0.001). The population attributable fraction suggested that 29.2% (95% confidence interval 10.9% to 43.7%) of depression at age 18 years could be explained by peer victimisation if this were a causal relation. Conclusion When using observational data it is impossible to be certain that associations are causal. However, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that victimisation by peers in adolescence is associated with an increase in the risk of developing depression as an adult.
Gastrointestinal complications after mitral valve surgery.

INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are well-recognized risks of open heart surgery. However, open heart surgery comes in different shapes and sizes with widely varying pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative pathologies. The aim of this study was to examine the etiology and risk factors for GI complications after mitral valve surgery. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 565 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery from 2003-2005 was performed. Prospectively collected data included preoperative risk factors, cardiac status, intra-operative data, postoperative GI complications and mortality. Survival was analyzed using log-rank analysis. RESULTS In this study population, 13 patients (2.3%) had 16 GI complications after mitral valve surgery resulting in an overall mortality of 0.7%. Complications included GI bleed (n = 9), cholecystitis (n = 3), perforated diverticulitis (n = 1) and ischemic bowel (n = 3). By univariate analysis, a history of hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), hypercholesterolemia, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, emergency valve surgery, coronary artery bypass surgery and preoperative vasopressor use were each associated with an increased incidence of GI complications (p <0.05). No increased incidence was seen in patients with atrial fibrillation. On multivariate analysis adjusted for age, cardiogenic shock (OR 8.1; 95% CI, 1.9-34.8), CRI (OR 8.1; 95% CI, 2.2-30.0) and vasopressor use (OR 6.5; 95% CI, 1.3-31.0) remained significant (p <0.02). Mean survival (3.2 vs. 5.4 years) was significantly lower (p <0.05) in those with GI complications. CONCLUSIONS GI complications after mitral valve surgery are infrequent, with a higher incidence in those with cardiogenic shock, CRI or requiring vasopressors. Pre-operative hemodynamic instability may be a bellwether for potential GI complications and should be of more prominent concern in this cohort of patients.
Uniqueness of the Fock quantization of scalar fields under mode preserving canonical transformations varying in time

Supported by the research Grants No. MICINN/MINECO FIS2011-30145-C03-02 from Spain and No. DGAPA-UNAM IN117012-3 from Mexico. Financial support from CSIC and the European Social Fund under Grant No. JAEPre_09_01796.
Reverse Trendelenburg Position Reduces Intracranial Pressure During Craniotomy

Cerebral swelling and herniation pose serious surgical obstacles during craniotomy for space-occupying lesions. Positioning patients head-up has been shown previously to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) in neurotraumatized patients, but has not been investigated during intracranial surgery. The current study examined the effects of 10-deg reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) on ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Forty adult patients subjected to craniotomy for supratentorial tumors were given standardized propofol–fentanyl–cisatracurium general anesthesia and were moderately hyperventilated. In 26 of 40 patients with expected poor clinical outcome, an additional catheter was placed in the internal jugular bulb to determine internal jugular bulb pressure (JBP). ICP was determined by subdural measurement using a 22-gauge needle advanced through the dura after removal of the bone flap. ICP was referenced to the level of the dural incision. ICP, mean arterial blood pressure, and CPP were compared with repeat measurements 1 minute after RTP. The tension of the dura was graded qualitatively by the surgeon by digital palpation and was compared to post-RTP. ICP decreased from 9.5 mm Hg to 6.0 mm Hg (P < .001; all values are median) within 1 minute after 10-deg RTP. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased from 82.0 mm Hg to 78.5 mm Hg (P < .001). CPP was unchanged (70.5 mm Hg versus 71 mm Hg after RTP), whereas JBP decreased from 8 mm Hg to 4 mm Hg (P < .001). High initial ICP was correlated to the greatest magnitude of decrease in ICP. No significant correlation was found between change in ICP and change in JBP. Intracranial pressue after RTP resulted in decreased tension of the dura. RTP appears to be an effective means of reducing ICP during craniotomy, thereby reducing the risk of cerebral herniation. CPP is not affected. Studies over longer periods of time are warranted, however.
Role of Induced Nitric Oxide in the Initiation of the Inflammatory Response After Postischemic Injury

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) and NO on the modulation of the inflammatory response caused by splanchnic ischemia and reperfusion. A severe model of mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion was produced by subjecting mice to 45 min occlusion followed by reperfusion of the superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk. In this experimental protocol, wild-type mice treated with GW274150 (5 mg/kg i.p.), a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of iNOS activity, and mice lacking of the gene for iNOS (iNOS `knock-out', iNOS-KO) exhibited no difference in the rate of mortality in comparison with wild-type control mice. In a second study, using a less severe model of mesenteric injury obtained by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery only for 45 min, we evaluated the survival rate. Under these conditions, wild-type mice treated with GW274150 and iNOS-KO mice showed a significant difference in the rate of mortality in comparison with wild-type. Therefore, wild-type mice treated with GW274150 and iNOS-KO mice when compared with wild-type littermates showed a significant reduction of the mesenteric injury, upregulation of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and neutrophil infiltration, as well as a significant inhibition of the degree of oxidative and nitrosative damage, indicated by malondialdehyde levels, formation of nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), respectively. Plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-&agr;, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-1&bgr; were also significantly reduced in iNOS-KO mice in comparison with control wild-type mice. Wild-type mice treated with GW274150 and iNOS-KO mice were also found to have reduced activation of the transcriptional factor nuclear factor-&kgr;B in the ileum. These results suggest that the induction of iNOS and NO production are essential for the upregulation of the inflammatory response in splanchnic ischemia/reperfusion and participate in end organ damage under these conditions.
Effects of Host Plant Quality and Ant Tending for Treehopper Publilia concava

Abstract Few studies have evaluated the relative importance of bottom-up regulation for the population dynamics of mutualism. To address this, we tested the hypothesis that host plant quality affects the strength of the mutualism between Publilia concava (Say) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) treehoppers feeding on Solidago altissima L. and ants. P. concava is a phloem-feeding treehopper that excretes a sugary waste product called honeydew. Ants collect this honeydew as a food resource, and treehoppers benefit both directly (e.g., feeding facilitation) and indirectly (e.g., protection from predators). We evaluated the effect of host plant quality on both the direct and indirect effects of this mutualism by using a factorial design that manipulated N–P–K fertilizer level and ant presence. For the experiment that focused on the direct effects of ant tending, both body size and survivorship were monitored. For the experiment that included the indirect effects of ant tending, only survivorship was monitored. Both host plant quality and ant tending increased the performance (survivorship and size) of Publilia treehoppers. However, we find no support for the hypothesis that host plant quality influences the strength of the mutualism in this system—there was no significant interaction between ant tending and fertilization for any measure of treehopper performance considered. We suggest that this result is explained by the independence of per capita tending levels with both host plant quality and treehopper density in this experiment.
The neurodynamic organization of modality-dependent hallucinations.

The pathophysiology of hallucinations remains mysterious. This research aims to specifically explore the interaction between hallucinations and spontaneous resting-state activity. We used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging during hallucinations occurrence in 20 drug-free adolescents with a "brief psychotic disorder. " They were furthermore compared with 20 matched controls at rest or during exteroceptive stimuli. Anatomical and functional symptom-mapping demonstrated reduced cortical thickness and increased blood oxygen level-dependent signal in modality-dependent association sensory cortices during auditory, visual, and multisensory hallucinations. On the contrary, primary-sensory-cortex recruitment was not systematic and was shown to be associated with increased vividness of the hallucinatory experiences. Spatiotemporal activity patterns in the default-mode network (DMN) during hallucinations and symptom-free periods in patients were compared with patterns measured in healthy individuals. A disengagement of the DMN was concomitant to hallucinations, as for exogenous stimulations in healthy participants. Specifically, spatial and temporal instabilities of the DMN correlated with the severity of hallucinations but persisted during symptom-free periods. These results suggest that hallucinatory experiences emerge from a spontaneous DMN withdrawal, providing a convincing model for hallucinations beyond the auditory modality.
ON THE NORM OF THE BEURLING–AHLFORS TRANSFORMATION: SUMMARY OF CHANGES FROM FIRST VERSION (12/28/07) TO SECOND VERSION (2/19/08), AND COMMENTS ON DIMENSION 4

Sections 12, 13, and 14 in the second version are new, and the numbering of the other sections has changed accordingly. We have also added a comment on weakened martingale conditions (16) in Section 3. In Theorem 1, it is stated now that the result holds not only for p−norms but for Burkholder’s functions u. Of course, the method of proof is that one first obtains the result for the functions u. It seems to be the case that before this paper, while there were results for the p−norm of the Beurling–Ahlfors transformation (involving constants > 1), there were no end results for the functions u, which were only used as intermediate tools.