Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon Footprint Assessment of Large-scale Pig Production System in Northern China: a Case Study

Abstract. China raises 50% of global live pigs. However, few studies on the carbon footprint (CF) of large-scale pig production based on China‘s actual production conditions have been carried out. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) and actual production data of a typical large-scale pig farm in northern China were used to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or CF associated with the whole process of pig production, including feed production (crop planting, feed processing, and transportation), enteric fermentation, manure management, and energy consumption. The results showed a CF of 3.39 kg CO2-eq per kg of live market pig and relative contributions of 55%, 28%, 13%, and 4% to the total CF by feed production, manure management, farm energy consumption, and enteric fermentation, respectively. Crop planting accounted for 66% of the feed production CF, while feed processing and transportation accounted for the remaining 34%. Long-distance transport of semi-raw feed materials caused by planting-feeding separation and over-fertilization in feed crop planting were two main reasons for the largest contribution of GHG emissions from feed production to the total CF. The CF from nitrogen fertilizer application accounted for 33% to 44% of crop planting and contributed to 16% of the total CF. The CF from the transport of feed ingredients accounted for 17% of the total CF. If the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used for producing the main feed ingredients is reduced from 209 kg hm-2 (for corn) and 216 kg hm-2 (for wheat) to 140 kg hm-2 (corn) and 180 kg hm-2 (wheat), the total CF would be reduced by 7%. If the transport distance for feed materials decreased from 325 to 493 km to 30 km, along with reducing the number of empty vehicles for transport, the total CF would be reduced by 18%. The combined CF mitigation potential for over-fertilization and transport distance is 26%. In addition, the use of pit storage, anaerobic digestion, and lagoon for manure management can reduce GHG emissions from manure management by 76% as compared to the traditional practice of pit storage and lagoon. This case study reveals the impact of planting-feeding separation and over-fertilization on the CF of the pig supply chain in China. The manure management practice of pit storage, anaerobic digestion, and lagoon is much more conductive to reducing the CF as compared to the traditional practice of pit storage and lagoon.
Field dependence of electronic recoil signals in a dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber

We present measurements of light and charge signals in a dual-phase time projection chamber at electric fields varying from 10 V/cm up to 500 V/cm and at zero field using 511 keV gamma rays from a 22Na source. We determine the drift velocity, electron lifetime, diffusion constant, and light and charge yields at 511 keV as a function of the electric field. In addition, we fit the scintillation pulse shape to an effective exponential model, showing a decay time of 43.5 ns at low field that decreases to 25 ns at high fields.
Insider trading, NASDAQ quotes, and market maker competition

This study provides evidence of a direct relationship between inside spreads and insider trading activity that is stronger when there are fewer market makers or more concentrated market maker market share. No evidence is found of a relationship between quote size at the inside and insider trading. The results are consistent with the Stoll (1978) hypothesis that inside quotes will be more responsive to informed trading risk under less competitive market making conditions. However, the results do not indicate that quote size is more responsive than spread to informed trading risk as predicted by DuPont (2000).
Establishing criteria for higher‐level classification using molecular data: the systematics of Polyommatus blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)

Most taxonomists agree on the need to adapt current classifications to recognize monophyletic units. However, delineations between higher taxonomic units can be based on the relative ages of different lineages and/or the level of morphological differentiation. In this paper, we address these issues in considering the species‐rich Polyommatus section, a group of butterflies whose taxonomy has been highly controversial. We propose a taxonomy‐friendly, flexible temporal scheme for higher‐level classification. Using molecular data from nine markers (6666 bp) for 104 representatives of the Polyommatus section, representing all but two of the 81 described genera/subgenera and five outgroups, we obtained a complete and well resolved phylogeny for this clade. We use this to revise the systematics of the Polyommatus blues, and to define criteria that best accommodate the described genera within a phylogenetic framework. First, we normalize the concept of section (Polyommatus) and propose the use of subtribe (Polyommatina) instead. To preserve taxonomic stability and traditionally recognized taxa, we designate an age interval (4–5 Myr) instead of a fixed minimum age to define genera. The application of these criteria results in the retention of 31 genera of the 81 formally described generic names, and necessitates the description of one new genus (Rueckbeilia gen. nov.). We note that while classifications should be based on phylogenetic data, applying a rigid universal scheme is rarely feasible. Ideally, taxon age limits should be applied according to the particularities and pre‐existing taxonomy of each group. We demonstrate that the concept of a morphological gap may be misleading at the genus level and can produce polyphyletic genera, and we propose that recognition of the existence of cryptic genera may be useful in taxonomy.
Sexualized Avatars Lead to Women’s Self-Objectification and Acceptance of Rape Myths

Research has indicated that many video games and virtual worlds are populated by unrealistic, hypersexualized representations of women, but the effects of using these representations remain understudied. Objectification theory suggests that women’s exposure to sexualized media representations leads to self-objectification. Further, we anticipated this process would lead to increases in rape myth acceptance (RMA). Two experiments (Study 1, N = 87; Study 2, N = 81) examined the effects of avatar features on women’s experiences of self-objectification. In both studies, college women exposed to sexualized avatars experienced higher levels of self-objectification after the virtual experience than those exposed to nonsexualized avatars. Furthermore, in Study 2, self-objectification mediated the relationship between controlling a sexualized avatar and subsequent levels of RMA. We discuss the implications of women using sexualized avatars in video games and virtual environments, which may lead to negative attitudes about the self and other women off-line due to heightened self-objectification. Additional online materials for this article are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ's website at http://pwq.sagepub. com/supplemental.
Impact of ginger aqueous extract on carbimazole induced testicular degenerative alterations and oxidative stress in albino rats

Carbimazole is a antithyroid pharmaceutical utilized for treatment of Graves’ disease worldwide and can likewise be utilized for the treatment of different diseases causing hyperthyroidism, for example, harmful nodular goiter. Carbimazole is a specialist drug as after ingestion it is changed over to the dynamic shape, methimazole. Methimazole keeps the thyroid peroxidase protein from coupling and iodinating the tyrosine stores on thyroglobulin, consequently diminishing the making of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (thyroxin)[1]. The use of carbimazole created a few side effects. Vilchez et al.[2] reported that carbimazole treatment realized both minor (e.g. pruritus, rash, urticaria, fever and arthralgias) and conceivably life-threatening (e.g. agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity with extraordinary cholestatic jaundice) impacts. It was reported that around 22 cases of cholestatic jaundice resulted from both methimazole and carbimazole[3]. Ali et al.[4] reported that carbimazole caused mild necrosis of renal tubules in rats. Pneumonic drain and necrotizing glomerulonephritis were accompanied with treatment of carbimazole[5]. Treating rats with carbimazole demonstrated various testicular modifications including clog of veins, degenerated interstitial tissue and degeneration of spermatogenic cells with apoptosis and necrosis[6]. Different impacts of carbimazole include increment of lipid peroxidation and reduction of the antioxidant enzymes[7]. Numerous characteristic items are being utilized to shield the tissues from different medications or chemicals-prompted toxicities. Ginger (Zingiber officinale), belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, is one among the plants which assume a critical part in pharmacology and treatment of different illnesses. In conventional Chinese and Indian medication, ginger has been utilized for treatment of an ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Exploring optical properties of Nd-doped vanadates with intracavity self-mode locking

We employ an intracavity self-mode-locked laser to systematically measure the group refractive indices and the thermo-optic coefficients for Nd:GdVO4, Nd:YVO4 and Nd:LuVO4 crystals at 1064 nm. We further make a detailed comparison between the present results and those currently reported in the literature. All the experimental results can be found to be fairly consistent with the recent reported data
Droplet growth in warm turbulent clouds

In this survey we consider the impact of turbulence on cloud formation from the cloud scale to the droplet scale. We assess progress in understanding the effect of turbulence on the condensational and collisional growth of droplets and the effect of entrainment and mixing on the droplet spectrum. The increasing power of computers and better experimental and observational techniques allow for a much more detailed study of these processes than was hitherto possible. However, much of the research necessarily remains idealized and we argue that it is those studies which include such fundamental characteristics of clouds as droplet sedimentation and latent heating that are most relevant to clouds. Nevertheless, the large body of research over the last decade is beginning to allow tentative conclusions to be made. For example, it is unlikely that small‐scale turbulent eddies (i.e. not the energy‐containing eddies) alone are responsible for broadening the droplet size spectrum during the initial stage of droplet growth due to condensation. It is likely, though, that small‐scale turbulence plays a significant role in the growth of droplets through collisions and coalescence. Moreover, it has been possible through detailed numerical simulations to assess the relative importance of different processes to the turbulent collision kernel and how this varies in the parameter space that is important to clouds. The focus of research on the role of turbulence in condensational and collisional growth has tended to ignore the effect of entrainment and mixing and it is arguable that they play at least as important a role in the evolution of the droplet spectrum. We consider the role of turbulence in the mixing of dry and cloudy air, methods of quantifying this mixing and the effect that it has on the droplet spectrum. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office
Measures of Quality in Online Education: An Investigation of the Community of Inquiry Model and the Net Generation

The goal of this article is to present and validate an instrument that reflects the Community of Inquiry Model (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2000, 2001) and inquire into whether the instrument and the model it reflects explain variation in levels of student learning and satisfaction with online courses in a higher education context. Additionally this study sought to examine the effects of two other variables—age and students' registration status—on levels of satisfaction and learning in online courses. The issue of age and the “net generation” has generated considerable interest recently with a number of contradictory predictions made for younger students engaged in text-based, technology-mediated learning environments. Previous research indicates that student registration status serves as a relatively reliable predictor of commitment to degree and likely persistence in higher education (Horn & Neville, 2006)—does commitment to degree predict satisfaction and likely persistence with online learning in the same manner? We sought to inquire into the amount of variance these variables predict relative to constructs in the Community of Inquiry Framework. Results indicated that the instrument provides a coherent factor structure that reflects the Community of Inquiry Model. Other findings provide new insight into additional variables that account for variation in students' satisfaction, reported learning, and cognitive presence in text-based, asynchronous online environments.
A new topological degree theory for densely defined quasibounded (S

Let X be an infinite-dimensional real reflexive Banach space with dual space X∗ and G⊂X open and bounded. Assume that X and X∗ are locally uniformly convex. Let T:X⊃D(T)→2X∗ be maximal monotone and C:X⊃D(C)→X∗ quasibounded and of type (S˜
PCR-BASED GUT CONTENT ANALYSIS OF INSECT PREDATORS: A FIELD STUDY

Identification of the gut contents of predatory insects can provide information on trophic relationships and the dynamics of predator-prey interactions. Several problems may be encountered in determining the diet of predatory insects in the field. Direct observations of predation in the field (Carter and Dixon, 1982; Carter et al., 1984; Legaspi, 1996; Heimpel et al., 1997; Munyaneza and Obrycki, 1998) can be complicated by the fact that both prey and predator are often small and cryptic. Microscopic analysis of gut contents (Walker et al., 1988; Aussell and Linley, 1994; Powell et al., 1996; Sleaford et al., 1996; Triltsch, 1997) is possible for chewing predators that ingest relatively large prey fragments, but is not suitable for piercing-sucking predators.
Embodiment: Thoughts from an Existential-Analytical Perspective

Modern culture has a keen in interest in the embodiment and comprehensive psychological approaches of conceptualizing the human body. Frankl proposed the theory of ‘dimensional ontology’, which included clear analytical models of human body but which were insufficient in many respects. This paper attempts to integrate existential-analytical ideas about embodiment and enrich them with other investigations in this sphere. The central argument is that the theory of four fundamental motivations developed by Langle is a useful way to comprehend the complexity of embodiment. This paper discusses the four levels of embodiment and the way in which the four fundamental existential themes are represented through embodiment.
Investigation into clustering of synthetic jet actuators for flow separation control applications

Abstract An investigation into the behaviour of clustered synthetic jet Actuators for flow-control applications is described. Experiments have been undertaken with two small-scale synthetic jet actuators in a zero-pressure gradient boundary-layer, in order to investigate the effect of configuration yaw angle and relative input signal phase. Oil-flow visualisation and hotwire anemometry techniques were used, demonstrating that changes in the downstream flow structure could be observed. Compared to a streamwise configuration, in which a symmetrical counter-rotating vortex pair was produced by the synthetic jet-boundary-layer interaction, a broader asymmetric interaction was produced in a 15° yaw configuration. Streamwise velocity contour plots, illustrating the development of the interaction downstream, over four phase angles, were presented. Significant differences in the PSD analyses of downstream streamwise velocity time histories were found, suggesting that input signal phase could influence the stability and hence effectiveness of flow structures used in flow-control applications.
URINARY TRACT

ACR Appropriateness Criteria 1 Urinary Tract Infection–Child American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria Urinary Tract Infection–Child Variant 1: Age <2 months, first febrile urinary tract infection. Radiologic Procedure Rating Comments RRL* US kidneys and bladder 9 O Voiding cystourethrography 6 Consider this procedure in boys and in the presence of sonographic abnormality. ☢☢ Tc-99m pertechnetate radionuclide cystography 5 Consider this procedure in girls. ☢☢
Study of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Sohag niversity Hospital

Objective: To estimate the prevalence, and impact of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on in-hospital outcomes among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in Sohag University Hospital. Methods: Data were collected prospectively from 273 consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of ACS. A low HDL-C was defined as a level <40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) for males and <50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) for females and satisfactory HDL-C is defined as a level ≥40mg/dl for males and ≥50mg/dl for females. Results: The overall mean age of the study patients was 58. 9_+11.3 years and majority was males (51.4%). The overall prevalence of low HDL-C was 73.3% and satisfactory HDL-C was 26.7%. During in-hospital stay and at discharge, the majority were on statin therapy (83.2%) while 7.7% were on fibrates. Low HDL-C patients were associated with higher in-hospital mortality than satisfactory HDL-C patients (12% vs. 11%; p=0.012) and higher CHF (18% vs.5.5%; p=0.01). Conclusion: ACS patients in Sohag governorate in upper Egypt have a high prevalence of low HDL-C. Insignificantly higher in-hospital mortality and CHF were associated with low HDL-C in women but not in men.
Donorcycles: Motorcycle Helmet Laws and the Supply of Organ Donors

Traffic safety mandates are typically designed to reduce the harmful externalities of risky behaviors. We consider whether motorcycle helmet laws also reduce a beneficial externality by decreasing the supply of viable organ donors. Our central estimates show that organ donations resulting from fatal motor vehicle accidents increase by 10 percent when states repeal helmet laws. Two features of this association suggest that it is causal: first, nearly all of it is concentrated among men, who account for over 90 percent of all motorcyclist deaths, and second, helmet laws are unrelated to the supply of donors who die in circumstances other than motor vehicle accidents. The estimates imply that every death of a helmetless motorcyclist prevents or delays as many as . 33 death among individuals on organ transplant waiting lists.
SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN 9-11 YEARS OLD SLOVENIAN CHILDREN

Factors related to physical behaviour of children are important in understanding the characteristics of their physical activity. Apart from the factors of physical environment, social and demographical factors are also related to physical activity levels. Randomly selected 669 children (9.9±0.8 years; 48.8% boys) from randomly selected Slovenian elementary schools participated in this study. All data were obtained during a single measurement in May 2010. The standardized questionnaire The Quality of Life Survey was used to measure physical activity (PA) levels as well as social and demographic factors which could be associated with it. The results indicated higher PA levels in boys than in girls (704±286 min/week vs. 617±268 min/week; p<.001). The analysis of variance confirmed higher PA levels in girls with parents of a higher socioeconomic status (SES) (p=.0018); in boys, there were no differences in PA levels according SES (p=.580). In both the boys (p=.047) and girls (p=.021) PA levels were higher if their whole family were members of any sport club. However, family structure was not related to PA levels in either boys (p=.648) or girls (p=.132). In boys, the bi-variate regression analysis showed a positive correlation with mother’s educational level (r=.090), with the number of children in the family (r=.150), with the child’s attitude that active commute to school is attractive (r=.108) and that child’s peers actively commute to school (r=.129), whereas a negative correlation was obtained with fear the child would become a victim of violence or harassment on the way to school (r=-.097). In girls, bi-variate regression analysis showed a positive correlation with mother’s educational level (r=.094), with the child’s attitude that active commute to school is attractive (r=.092) and that child’s peers actively commute to school (r=.221), whereas a negative correlation was established with fear the child would become a victim of violence or harassment on the way to school (r=-.061) or at recreational and sporting facilities (r=-.046). According to low correlations in bi-variate analysis, we conclude that other factors, such as, for example, physical environment, might be strongly related to physical activity levels in children and need to be taken into account when preparing interventions for physical activity enhancement. Key words: children, adolescents, socioeconomic status, active commute
Social Interactions of Stranded and Recovering Immature California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus)

coast where they are treated and released. The largest of these centers, The Marine Mammal Center Hundreds of California sea lions (Zalophus cali(TMMC), is located in the Marin County Headlands, fornianus) strand along the Pacific coast of North just north of San Francisco. Veterinarians and volAmerica each year. They are treated for a variety unteers at TMMC treat pinnipeds for a variety of of conditions at marine mammal clinics along the diseases, including infection with viral and bacterial coast, including malnutrition, physical trauma, pathogens, malnutrition, physical injury, and expoinfections, and toxicosis. The largest clinic is The sure to neurotoxins. Marine Mammal Center (TMMC) in the Marin Strandings of California sea lions (Zalophus County Headlands just north of San Francisco californianus) often exceed 100 individuals per where sea lions can reside for weeks to months year with occasional years marked by large spikes before release. Assessment of illness and recovery (Greig et al., 2005). Between 2002 and 2012, 5,660 can be difficult. Since healthy sociality is sensisea lions were admitted to TMMC, of which 2,139 tive to developmental impairment and illness, were released; 40 recovered but were placed in understanding of typical social interactions would facilities; and 3,408 were either picked up as caraid in the assessment of overall recovery. To gain casses, died on arrival, or were euthanized. A total insight to the social behavior of captive California of 1,256 juveniles were treated at TMMC of which sea lions, we examined the behaviors of recovering 714 died, 532 were released, eight were relocated, immature individuals at TMMC. We found that the and two were placed in facilities. Malnourished sea lions in male pens were generally more physijuveniles totaled 188 individuals; and during our cally active, expressing more approach interactions study period (July to November 2012), 25 of these and coordinated swimming per day. The sea lions malnourished individuals were treated at TMMC. in mixed-sex pens fluctuated in activity, with the In addition to malnourishment, sea lions come to level of activity decreasing as the day went on; TMMC with injuries from physical trauma; viral while the sea lions in male pens maintained simiand bacterial pathogens (such as leptospirosis); high lar levels of activity all day. These findings offer a body burdens of anthropogenic compounds (such foundation for more rigorous studies of the social as PCBs and perfluorinated octane sulphonate); or neurobiology of recovering California sea lions. exposure to domoic acid, a neurotoxin produced by algae, most commonly a species of Pseudo-nitzchia