Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current pattern of adverse drug reactions to anti-retroviral therapy in an antiretroviral therapy centre attached to a government medical college of Maharashtra, India: a retrospective study -

Background: Antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) has brought a ray of hope to people living with HIV/AIDS. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can often cause significant morbidity among individuals on ART, occasionally leading to mortality. The present study was conducted to assess the nature, causality, severity of ADRs to ART, and to identify risk factors for ADRs in HIV-positive patients receiving ART in India. Methods: A total of 109 patients reported with ADRs to ART during July 2015-December 2015 were randomly included in a retrospective observational study conducted at an ART center attached to a government medical college of Maharashtra. Causality and severity assessment of ADRs was done by using Naranjo’s ADR Causality scale and Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale respectively. The data was computed using MS Excel and descriptive results were expressed as counts and percentages. The study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: Among 109 patients, females (60.55%) had higher prevalence of ADRs than males (39.45%). A total of 132 ADRs were reported. Anemia (76.52%) was the commonest ADR reported followed by skin rash (11.36%) and raised renal function tests (6.06%). Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine (ZLN) were the commonest ART regimen causing anemia as ADR. Conclusions: Reporting of ADRs is a very inefficient system in detecting drug-related conditions, leading to underestimation of the burden due to ADRs in India. A well-structured, efficient pharmacovigilance systems, which assesses and monitor safety profile and impact of antiretroviral medicines is very much needed at present in India.
Influence of fracture intersections under unsaturated, low‐flow conditions

Recent experimental evidence suggests that the capillary heterogeneity associated with fracture intersections can act to impose temporal and spatial structure on network‐scale flows. A simple intersection between orthogonal fractures, one horizontal and the other vertical, has been shown to integrate unsaturated flows. At low flows the intersection forms a capillary barrier that accumulates water in a growing pool. Eventually, the retaining meniscus snaps, discharging a pulse of water. Here we develop a mechanistic explanation for this observed behavior and experimentally consider three perturbations to the geometry of the simple orthogonal intersection. Two of the perturbations also act as capillary barriers, while the third formed a capillary bridge across the intersection. At low flow, all of our experimental intersections imposed a temporal signal, with the nature of that signal dependent on intersection geometry and participation by the horizontal fractures in dynamic storage. At high flow a continuous fluid tendril spanned the system from inlet to outlet with water pooled above the intersection caused by a narrow fluid connection that restricted flow across the intersection. Results from all experiments suggest that pulsation is critically sensitive to small variations in the geometry of fracture intersections and storage in the horizontal fractures. When combined with dependency on supply rate, this sensitivity can generate pulsation of flow across a wide range of time periods and discharge volumes.
The effect of creating a quiet side on annoyance and sleep disturbances due to road traffic noise

There is growing evidence that having access to a quiet side of a dwelling reduces the harmful effects of road traffic noise on health and wellbeing. One measure to create a quiet side in existing noise-exposed residential areas is to erect shielding buildings that fill existing gaps through which road traffic noise penetrates. Within the EU-financed project QSIDE, we investigated the effect of this type of measure on the acoustical conditions and resident’s noise responses in a socio-acoustic intervention study. Results on sound levels, road traffic noise induced annoyance and sleep disturbances, as well as the perceived sound environment before and after the creation of a quiet side are presented in relation to results from previous similar studies. The implication for guidelines and sustainable goals related to public health, urban noise policy and urban development plans are discussed.
Population and reproductive features of the western Atlantic hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis (Anomura, Paguridae) from Anchieta Island, southeastern Brazil

The population of the hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis (Dana, 1852) was studied based on seasonal abundance, size frequency distribution, sex ratio, reproductive period, fecundity and shell relationship. Specimens were collected monthly by SCUBA diving in the infralittoral area of Anchieta Island, Ubatuba. A total of 1,017 individuals was analyzed. Animal size (minimum and maximum shield length, respectively) was 0.7 and 2.9 mm for males, 0.6 and 2.8 mm for non-ovigerous females, and 1.0 and 2.5 mm for ovigerous females. The sex ratio was 1:1.29. Sexual dimorphism was recorded by the presence of males in the largest size classes. Ovigerous females were captured during all months along the year, with percentages varying from 8% (July) to 84.3% (February) in relation to the total females collected. Mean ± SD fecundity was 168 ± 125 eggs and tended to increase with increasing hermit size. Shells of four gastropod species [Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778), Morula nodulosa (Adams, 1845), Anachis lyrata (Sowerby, 1832) and Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)] were occupied by ovigerous females of P. criniticornis but fecundity was not significantly different in relation to the different shell types. The profile showed continuous and intense reproduction of P. criniticornis probably related to strategies developed to compensate for interspecific competition in the studied insular area.
Thermal Stability and Lubrication Properties of Biodegradable Castor Oil on AISI 4140 Steel

Lubricants have much importance in several industries, principally serving to reduce friction and wear in mechanical elements. In this study, the influence of Castor oil as bio-lubricant on the friction and wear performance of AISI 4140 steel was investigated. For that purpose, pin-on-disk friction tests were conducted according to ASTM G-99, by using pins of tungsten carbide (WC) as counterparts. The experiments were performed at two different temperatures. This work also presents the Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and 1H-NMR analyses for the chemical characterization of oils and a study of their degradation by oxidation. The analysis of the damage caused to steel due to friction was deepened by analyzing its microhardness and microstructure in the worn zone. As a reference, the same experiments were performed with a commercial oil. The friction behavior of 4140 steel/WC with Castor oil lubrication at the two temperatures was notably better than that obtained under the reference oil lubrication. The kinetic friction coefficient (µk) was up to 76% lower. However, a slight increase in steel wear was observed under Castor oil lubrication. Despite this, these results suggest that Castor oil could be used as bio-lubricant in systems which are susceptible to levels of high friction.
Linear Growth and Nutritional Status of Young Gabonese Sickle Cell Patients, and Associated Factors

Background: Stunting and undernutrition mark the nutritional status of the sickle cell patient, but some surveys show trends to overweight in some countries. The primary objective of this study was to compare the growth of children with sickle cell, with non-sickle cell children in Gabon. Methods: It was a prospective case-control study, conducted from April to June 2016 in Libreville and Lambarene in Gabon. Cases were homozygous (SS) sickle cell children aged from 0 to 15 years; controls were normal hemoglobin-AA documented, matched by sex and age. We compared their weight, height, arm and head circumferences measured according to conventional techniques. Results: We compared 118 cases to 118 controls, mean age was 85 ± 7.2 months, and the sex ratio was 1.07. Before 59 months, there was no significant difference in the comparison of the averages of the anthropometric indices except for the z-score of the brachial perimeter for age which was smaller in the cases (-0.85 versus -0.19, P = 0.04). The risk of stunting in cases was greater (odds ratio (OR) = 6.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4 - 8.3), the growth retardation increased with age, correlated factors with growth retardation were male gender (relative risk (RR) = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.2 - 2.7), a mother with no remunerative activity (r = 0.11, P 3 (r = 0.2, P = 0.003), and mean hematocrit of 9.6-15.9% (r = 0.4, P < 0.004). There were no obese subjects in cases. Conclusions: Growth retardation of children suffering from sickle cell in Gabon appears and increases with age. Male gender, low socioeconomic conditions and signs of severity or non-controlled disease are correlated with this retardation. Int J Clin Pediatr. 2018;7(1-2):1-5 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/ijcp290w
The Revised Theory of Black Holes and Accretion Discs

Escaping information from black holes (BHs) produce firewalls at the event horizon. Such walls of fire absorb anything falling in black holes so they destroy them. It leads to conclusion that black hole understood as singularity with event horizon cannot be realized by Nature and that General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Physics (QP) are the incomplete theories. To solve the information paradox, Hawking proposes to replace the event horizon for apparent horizon i.e. for horizon widened due to quantum fluctuations in such a way that light can escape but there is lack of a mathematical description. Here, within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we solved the information paradox in a different way. The key to solve the many unsolved problems concerning black holes are the interactions of nuclear matter with the luminal Einstein spacetime both composed of the neutrino- antineutrino pairs (they dominate) and neutrinos (detection of the pairs is much difficult than neutrinos) - there appear the ordered virtual motions in spacetime, dark-matter structures and advection. Incompleteness of GR and QP causes that altogether with good solutions we obtain solutions that cannot be realized by Nature and singularities are such solutions. SST shows that there are objects with circular orbit for photons and abstract event horizon but without singularity - we will call such objects the modified black holes (MBHs). The RHIC experiment showed that inside baryons are dense gluon fields. On the other hand, the SST shows that intensity of the superluminal quantum entanglement (it follows from the extended GR) close to the Planck scale is tremendous so the cores of baryons are indestructible. It leads to conclusion that MBHs are built of modified neutron black holes (MNBHs) which are the biggest neutron stars. When we take into account also the gravitational interactions then matter winds around the central point of MBH at a continuously decreasing distance from the point, next spirals on surfaces of the MNBHs towards their poles, and next twists along the relativistic jet. Among many other things, we calculated maximum efficiency of accretion process (41.42%), radii of the accretion discs, described the mechanism of production of the dark-matter structures, gravitational redshift and answered why the luminal Einstein spacetime does not collapse to separated black holes.
THE DETERMINANTS OF ROA (RETURN ON ASSETS) OF FULL-FLEDGED ISLAMIC BANKS IN INDONESIA

The main objectives of this research is to examine the determinants of ROA (Return on Assets) of Full-fledged Islamic banks in Indonesia in the period of January 2008 – December 2011 using monthly-published report data of Central Bank (Bank Indonesia) with 3 full-fledged Islamic banks in Indonesia as the samples of the research. Panel Least Square is applied as the research method where those data had been tested with the classical assumption test, such as: normality, autocorrelation, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity tests. However, the data could not fulfill the normality test, while the remaining assumption tests is fulfilled. The findings reveal that Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Debt to Total Assets Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Size and Operational Efficiency Ratio (OER) have significant effect simultaneously towards ROA. Partially, FDR, DTAR, and CAR have positive effect and significant towards ROA, while size and OER have negative effect and significant towards ROA.Size is the highest coefficient among the determinant variables, while FDR is the weakest coefficient that effect ROA in the full-fledged Islamic banks in Indonesia.
of Geophysical Research : Earth Surface Physical Conditions of Fast Glacier Flow : 2 . Variable Extent of Anisotropic Ice and Soft Basal Sediment From Seismic Reflection Data Acquired on Store Glacier , West Greenland

Outlet glaciers of the Greenland Ice Sheet transport ice from the interior to the ocean and contribute directly to sea level rise because discharge and ablation often exceed the accumulation. To develop a better understanding of these fast-flowing glaciers, we investigate the basal conditions of Store Glacier, a large outlet glacier flowing into Uummannaq Fjord in west Greenland. We use two crossing seismic profiles acquired near the centerline, 30 km upstream of the calving front, to interpret the physical nature of the ice and bed. We identify one notably englacial and two notably subglacial seismic reflections on both profiles. The englacial reflection represents a change in crystal orientation fabric, interpreted to be the Holocene-Wisconsin transition. From Amplitude-Versus-Angle (AVA) analysis we infer that the deepest ∼80 m of ice of the parallel-flow profile below this reflection is anisotropic with an enhancement of simple shear of ∼2. The ice is underlain by ∼45 m of unconsolidated sediments, below which there is a strong reflection caused by the transition to consolidated sediments. In the across-flow profile subglacial properties vary over small scale and the polarity of the ice-bed reflection switches from positive to negative. We interpret these as patches of different basal slipperiness associated with variable amounts of water. Our results illustrate variability in basal properties, and hence ice-bed coupling, at a spatial scale of ∼100 m, highlighting the need for direct observations of the bed to improve the basal boundary conditions in ice-dynamic models.
Macroeconomic Effects of the Population Ageing Phenomenon

In the next decades, Romania will experience demographic changes that are likely to have a significant impact on its economic development. Using an overlapping generations model in the Auerbach-Kotlikoff tradition, I attempt to assess the effects of the ageing population phenomenon. The driving force of the model is the population evolution which is imposed as exogenous and is based on projections from Eurostat. The study is not designed to provide precise forecasts but rather a set of economic trends which are likely to be induced by the demographic transition. Simulations covering the next 100 years were conducted under two alternative scenarios, depending on the method of balancing the social security budget. First, I assume the contribution rate adjusts in order to cover the growing financing needs. Second, the contribution rate is constant and the pension to wage ratio (and indirectly the pension) adjusts. The possibility of increasing the retirement age was also considered. The results confirm that the population ageing has a greater impact in the first scenario.
Classroom Composition and Measured Teacher Performance

As states and districts implement more rigorous teacher evaluation systems, measures of teacher performance are increasingly being used to support instruction and inform retention decisions. Classroom observations take a central role in these systems, accounting for the majority of teacher ratings upon which accountability decisions are based. Using data from the Measures of Effective Teaching study, we explore the extent to which classroom composition influences measured teacher performance based on classroom observation scores. The context in which teachers work—most notably, the incoming academic performance of their students—plays a critical role in determining teachers’ measured performance. Furthermore, the intentional sorting of teachers to students has a significant influence on measured performance. Implications for high-stakes teacher accountability policies are discussed.
Interactive comment on “ Modeling Biogenic and Anthropogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol in China ” by Jianlin Hu et al

Hu et al. present a regional modeling study for China in 2013 focusing on contributions to secondary organic aerosol (SOA). They consider some more recently recognized pathways to SOA such as heterogeneous uptake of epoxides, dicarbonyls, and oligomerization in addition to traditional semi-volatile SOA. SOA is classified in terms of its parent hydrocarbon source as well as precursor in different seasons across the domain. Model predictions of OC as well as precursor gases are compared to observations in select locations at select times and the model seems to perform reasonably.
PRODUCTION PARAMETERS OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS. L.) INFLUENCED BY WEATHER CONDITIONS AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF PENTAKEEP - V AND ATONIK

In field trials with sunflower was monitored the influence of yearly weather conditions and foliar applications of both Atonik and Pentakeep V on a yield and fat content in sunflower achenes (hybrids Alexandra PR, NK Alego and NK Brio) in years 2009 – 2010. Experimental task was realized by field polyfactorial experiments established in warm corn production area (climatic region: warm; climatic subregion: dry; climatic zone: warm, dry with mild winter and longtime sunshine, brown soil) in Center of Plant Biology and Ecology of FAFR SUA in Dolná Malanta. The trials were established by split plot design with randomized complete blocks base design. From two-year small plot trials was found statistically non-significant impact of weather conditions of year, hybrids and application of Atonik and Pentakeep – V on achene yield of sunflower. The impact of monitored factors on fat content was statistically high significant. In variable yearly weather conditions higher average yield and achene fat content was achieved in year 2010. The most adaptable for production on concrete agroecological conditions were hybrids NK Brio and Alexandra PR (3.03 t ha), for fat content NK Brio (44.25 %). Foliar application of Pentakeep V in dose 0.1 l ha, 0.5 l ha respectively most significant influenced the yield of achenes (3.43 t ha), fat content (44.71 %) respectively. JMBFS / Černý and Veverková 2012 : 1 (February Special issue) 887-896 888
Increasing CO 2 from subambient to superambient concentrations alters species composition and increases above-ground biomass in a C 3 / C 4 grassland

• The glacial-to-present increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentration is likely to have stimulated plant production, but experimental tests in natural ecosystems are lacking. • We measured above-ground biomass production, plant nitrogen (N) accumulation, and species dynamics in a C 3 /C 4 grassland exposed for 4 yr (1997–2000) to a continuous gradient in CO 2 from 200–560 μmol mol − 1 . • Biomass increased with CO 2 concentration in 1997–99. Biomass increases ranged between 121 and 161 g m − 2 per 100 μmol mol − 1 rise in CO 2 and were similar at subambient and superambient concentrations. Biomass responses to CO 2 were determined by different species or functional groups of species during different years. Increasing CO 2 accelerated a successional shift initiated by release from grazing in which C 3 forbs increased at the expense of a C 4 grass. Effects of CO 2 on tissue N concentration varied among species and functional groups, but CO 2 did not alter total N in above-ground tissues. • Results imply that rising CO 2 has stimulated plant production and accelerated successional change and that grasslands will remain sensitive to rising CO 2 for several decades.
House Prices and Stock Prices: Different Roles in the US Monetary Transmission Mechanism

We analyze the role of house and stock prices in the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the U.S. using a structural VAR model. The VAR is identifed using a combination of short-run and long-run (neutrality) restrictions, allowing for contemporaneous interaction between monetary policy and asset prices. By allowing the interest rate and asset prices to react simultaneously to news, we find different roles for house and stock prices in the monetary transmission mechanism. In particular, following a contractionary monetary policy shock, stock prices fall immediately, while the response in house prices is much more gradual. However, the fall in both house prices and stock prices enhances the negative response in output and inflation that has traditionally been found in the literature. Regarding the systematic response in monetary policy, stock prices play a more important role in the interest rate setting in the short run than house prices. As a consequence, shocks to house prices contribute more to GDP and inflation fluctuations than stock price shocks. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
What's trust got to do with it? Perceptions of trust in the call centre context

In the organisational context, high-trust relations can be seen as both conducive to and an indicator of a positive and productive workplace climate. Since their emergence, call centres have been criticised in the literature for poor people management. The evidence raised in the extensive body of literature suggests these organisations contain low-trust conditions. This study aimed to gauge trust from the perspective of those on the front-line, and adopted an exploratory approach to examine (a) the extent to which Customer Service Representatives (CSRs) trust their supervisors and managers and (b) the conditions under which „trust‟ is established and maintained. Surveys and focus groups were conducted with CSRs in ten call centres. Findings suggest „trust‟ exists despite the existence of low-discretion practices, while higher trust relations can be associated with conditions more likely to exist in a small call centres.