Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vocationalization of education in Kenya: the classroom practice and the learners‟ responsibilities for change in the 21st century

The essence of education is to prepare an individual for lifelong experiences after schooling. Education as offered in schools today is expected to give the teacher a chance to impart knowledge and skills in the learner, and for the learner to be informed and be able to put into practice what has been gained in the course of time. The Kenyan curriculum and goals of education are clearly stipulated if followed to the latter. Basically, the classroom practice by both the teachers and the learners exhibit an academic rather than a dual system that is expected to meet the needs of both the individual and those of the communities which form subsets of the society at large. It is upon this premise that education of a given country must prepare its individuals in schools so as to meet the goals of education at any one given time of a country‟s history. This paper looks at the perspective of vocationalization of education in Kenyan at this
Economic Downturns and Child Abuse

Although a huge literature spanning several disciplines documents a strong association between poverty and child abuse, researchers have not found strong evidence that economic downturns increase abuse, despite their impacts on family income. In this paper, we address this seeming contradiction. Using county-level child abuse data spanning 1996 to 2009 from the California Department of Justice, we estimate the extent to which a county’s reported abuse rate diverges from its trend when its economic conditions diverge from trend, controlling for statewide annual shocks. The results of this analysis indicate that overall measures of economic conditions are not strongly related to rates of abuse. However, overall measures of economic conditions mask very strong opposing eects of economic conditions facing males and females: male layos increase rates of abuse whereas female layos reduce rates of abuse. These results are consistent with a theoretical framework that builds on family-time-use models and emphasizes dierential risks of abuse associated with a child’s time spent with dierent caregivers.
An Investigation on the Effect of the Coupled and Uncoupled Formulation on Transient Seepage by the Finite Element Method

2-D transient seepage beneath a dam was investigated by the finite element method. Governing equations were considered in coupled and uncoupled methods. At first stage, the fluid continuity equation for compressible porous media considered as uncoupled. Because of the occurrence of seepage forces, and their interaction with the fluid pore pressure, particularly in high compressible soils, uncoupled methods seem to be far from real conditions. Therefore force equilibrium equations were taken into account by coupling with the fluid continuity equation. Finite element formulation based on Galerkin method. Results of two mentioned methods were compared with steady-state seepage results. Comparing the results of coupled and uncoupled models showed that the time require to reach steady-state condition in coupled model considerably shorter than the uncoupled model. Coupled analyses shows that the effective stress due to seepage forces were smaller than ones calculated by the uncoupled method.
Seed size, yield and harvest characteristics of three Croatian spring malting barleys

In a field experiment with three Croatian spring malting barleys (Hordeum vulgare L.) the effect of seed size on yield components, grain yield and grain characteristics important for malting was determined. With increasing seed size spike production and density, number of tillers, main stem length, thousand kernel mass, test mass, seed vigor and yield increased, maturity was advanced and seed moisture content at harvest decreased. There were varietal differences. Altogether, sowing large seeds improved total performance.
Clinical and radiological outcomes after arthroscopic Latarjet procedure: a systematic review of the literature

Purpose Arthroscopic techniques are becoming the gold standard in the treatment of glenohumeral instability with glenoid bone loss. The purpose of this systematic review is to present the clinical and radiological outcomes following arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. Methods A comprehensive literature systematic review was performed to identify studies reporting clinical and radiographic results of arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. Results Nine articles were selected, which described 512 procedures. Study type, complications, radiographic evaluation, preoperative and postoperative functional scores are identified, analyzed and discussed. Satisfactory results are presented by all authors, and significant postoperative satisfaction with a low rate of dislocation, and accurate graft positioning is reported by all the studies. Conclusion Although high-level evidences are lacking, arthroscopic Latarjet appears to be an effective and safe option to treat glenohumeral instability with bone loss and to provide successful clinical results durable with time. This technique allows accurate graft positioning and satisfactory fusion rate without additional complications compared with open surgery.
Determinants of Health-Promoting Behaviors among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Voice of Iran

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine Health-Promoting Behaviors among type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 440 diabetic patients referred to selected teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) during six months in 2013. A two section 40-items self-report Questionnaire with demographic variables (12 items) and Health-Promoting Behaviors scale (28 items) included exercise (7 items), risk reducing (7 items), life enjoyment (3 items), stress management (5 items), responsibility (3 items) and healthy eating (3 items) domains. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 11.5. Level of significance was set at p 0.05 level. Results: Mean scores of total health promoting behaviors in participants were (55.88 ± 18.09) and in domains of exercise, risk reducing, life enjoyment, stress management, responsibility and healthy eating were (8.2 ± 6.5), (12.2 ± 6.1), (7.8 ± 2.6), (12.3 ± 3.8), (3.3 ± 3.1) and (6.9 ± 2.8) respectively. Life enjoyment was emphasized as the most significant domain in health promoting behaviors scale (65 percent). Study results revealed that there was a significant association among total health promoting behavior and age (p = 0.01), occupation (p = 0.01), family income (p p = 0.01) and HbA1C(p < 0.001). Conclusion: Study findings revealed the necessity of tailoring specific intervention programs to promote exercise and responsibility domains posit.
Branch-and-Price-and-Cut for the Truck-and-Trailer Routing Problem with Time Windows

In this paper, we present a new branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm to solve the truck-and-trailer routing problem with time windows (TTRPTW) and two real-world extensions. In all TTRPTW variants, the ? eet consists of one or more trucks that may attach a trailer. Some customers are not accessible with a truckand-trailer combination, but can however be serviced by one if the trailer is previously detached and parked atasuitablelocation. Inthe? rstextension, the planning horizon comprises twodays and customers maybe visited either on both days or only once, in which case twice the daily supply must be collected. The second extension incorporates load transfer times depending on the quantity moved from a truck to its trailer. The exact branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm for the standard variant and the two new extensions is based on a set-partitioning formulation in which columns are routes describing the movement of a truck and its associated trailer. Linear relaxations of this formulation are solved by column generation where new routes are generated with a dynamic programming labeling algorithm. The e? ectiveness of this pricing procedure can be attributed to the adaptation of techniques such as bidirectional labeling, the ng-neighbourhood, and heuristic pricing using dynamically reduced networks and relaxed dominance. The cutting component of the branch-and-price-and-cut adds violated subset-row inequalities to strengthen the linear relaxation. Computational studies show that our algorithm outperforms existing approaches on TTRP and TTRPTW benchmark instances used in the literature.
BONDS OR BARGAINS: RELATIONSHIP PARADIGMS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR MARITAL THERAPY

Contrasting conceptual paradigms describing the nature of intimate relationships are discussed. In particular, relationships may be viewed in terms of a rational bargain or as an emotional bond. The implications of each paradigm for the process of marital therapy are delineated, and the role of bonding and attachment in adult intimacy is considered. Some general conclusions are then drawn as to future directions for the marital therapy field. Marital therapy has become a major mode of therapeutic intervention in the last decade for the alleviation of marital distress and the facilitation of adult intimacy and family cohesion. Many disorders previously treated as intrapsychic issues, such as depression and agoraphobia, are now treated in an interpersonal context (Rounsaville & Chevron, 1982). Lewis, Beavers, Gossett and Phillips (1976) have suggested that of the three levels at which intervention may be focused-the family, the couple or the individual-it is the couple level which appears to have the most potential to create change across all three levels of functioning. All approaches to marital therapy share certain common goals and concerns, such as the modification of communication patterns. However, two main orientations, the behavioral and the psychodynamic, have remained clearly distinguishable in terms of theory and the techniques employed to help distressed couples redesign their relationships. Of these two orientations, the behavioral approach has been the more vigorous both in stipulating interventions and in testing the effectiveness of these interventions. The behavioral approach to relationships is based upon social exchange theory (Thibaut & Kelley, 1959). This theory views relationships in terms of a bargain, a negotiated ratio of costs and rewards. Treatment then consists of teaching couples the skill of rational bargaining so that they may contract for more satisfying exchanges (Stuart, 1976). The psychodynamic approach, on the other hand, has traditionally focused on relationships as an arena for the playing out of personal neurosis and unconscious wishes, and has focused upon insight as the key to relationship change. Marital conflict may then be seen as a sign of developmental failure or the projection of past intrapsychic conflict onto the present relationship (Skynner, 1976). Some of the recent experiential approaches which have developed out of the psychodynamic tradition still, as is consistent with this tradition, emphasize the role of emotion in intimate relationships, but view distressed relationships in terms of the deprivation of healthy adult needs rather than as an arena for neurosis (Greenberg & Johnson, 1986b; Wile, 1981). Such approaches would appear to lend themselves to a
XMM-Newton and Gemini Observations of Eight RASSCALS Galaxy Groups

We study the distribution of gas pressure and entropy in eight groups of galaxies belonging to the ROSAT All-Sky Survey/Center for Astrophysics Loose Systems (RASSCALS). We use archival and proprietary XMM-Newton observations, supplementing the X-ray data with redshifts derived from the literature; we also list 127 new redshifts measured with the Gemini North telescope. The groups are morphologically heterogeneous in both the optical and the X-ray, and several suffer from superpositions with background galaxies or clusters of galaxies. Nevertheless, they show remarkable self-similarity in their azimuthally averaged entropy and temperature profiles. The entropy increases with radius; the behavior of the entropy profiles is consistent with an increasing broken power law with inner and outer slope 0.92 and 0.42 (68% confidence), respectively. There is no evidence of a central, isentropic core, and the entropy distribution in most of the groups is flatter at large radii than in the inner region, challenging earlier reports, as well as theoretical models predicting large isentropic cores or asymptotic slopes of 1.1 as r → ∞. The pressure profiles are consistent with a self-similar decreasing broken power law in radius; the inner and outer slopes are -0.78 and -1.7, respectively. The results suggest that the larger scatter in the entropy distribution reflects the varied gasdynamical histories of the groups; the regularity and self-similarity of the pressure profiles is a sign of a similarity in the underlying dark matter distributions.
Effect of cationic polyelectrolytes addition in cement cohesion

Here is studied the variation in cohesion of cement main phase (C-S-H) as a result of cationic polyelectrolytes addition (quaternary amines spermine and norspermidine). Cohesion study was carried out by molecular simulation techniques (Monte Carlo) using a primitive model in a canonical ensemble (NVT). The proposed model takes into account the influence of ionic size of each particle and the addition of polyelectrolytes with different charge number and separation. The results obtained show that electrostatic interactions are responsible for the cohesion of the hardened cement. It was found that in absence of cationic polyelectrolytes, cohesion is lost when the C-S-H lamellae are at separations larger than 1 nm. Adding cationic polyelectrolytes generates a distribution of hydroxide ions around the polyelectrolyte charges, facilitates the distribution of calcium and sodium ions in the entire space between C-S-H surfaces; this allows the cohesive forces exist at greater distances of separation between the surfaces.
Extension of a Kinetic‐Theory Approach for Computing Chemical‐Reaction Rates to Reactions with Charged Particles

Recently introduced molecular‐level chemistry models that predict equilibrium and nonequilibrium reaction rates using only kinetic theory and fundamental molecular properties (i.e., no macroscopic reaction rate information) are extended to include reactions involving charged particles and electronic energy levels. The proposed extensions include ionization reactions, exothermic associative ionization reactions, endothermic and exothermic charge exchange reactions, and other exchange reactions involving ionized species. The extensions are shown to agree favorably with the measured Arrhenius rates for near‐equilibrium conditions.
Habitat selection and use in the Critically Endangered Sahamalaza sportive lemur Lepilemur sahamalazensis in altered habitat

Habitat selection and use by primates is influenced by the trade-off between distri- bution of foraging resources and predation risk. So far, there are published studies on habitat use for 2 out of 26 sportive lemur species, but none document habitat selection. We studied habitat in home ranges as well as feeding preferences and nightly activity budgets in the Sahamalaza sportive lemur Lepilemur sahamalazensis. We describe the habitat structure of home ranges located in 4 forest fragments in Madagascar with varying habitat characteristics after following 8 radio-tagged individuals for a total of 666 h at night. With the limitation of small sample size, our results suggest that Sahamalaza sportive lemurs choose the locations of their home ranges on the basis of different habitat variables, with abundance of sleeping sites and feeding trees as well as tree density and canopy cover being the most important factors. The Sahamalaza sportive lemur is a highly folivorous generalist herbivore, feeding on at least 42 different tree species and prefer- ring the abundant species Clitoria lasciva, Mangifera indica, Garcinia pauciflora and Sorindeia madagascariensis. It has prolonged times of resting during its activity periods. Our results imply that despite its habitat selectivity, even the most degraded fragments on the Sahamalaza Penin- sula still adequately meet the species' habitat requirements. However, the small extent of the remaining forest and ongoing deforestation, forest degradation and poaching call the future sur- vival of this Critically Endangered species into question.
Delineating boundaries of feasibility between robot designs

Motivated by the need for tools to aid in the design of effective robots, we examine how to determine the role that particular sensing and actuator resources play in enabling a robot to achieve useful ends. Rather than merely asking “will this sensor suffice? ” we classify general modifications to the set of sensors and actuators based on the feasibility of accomplishing given tasks using these sets. The goal is to probe the boundary between modifications that are destructive on a given planning problem, and modifications that are not. Since this boundary itself can be impractically large, classic search methods are of no avail to summarize discriminatory features on this boundary. Instead, we propose a decision tree learning method to efficiently construct a compact implicit representation of the boundary. The idea is to allow the designer to use prior knowledge to constrain the search, then use the tool to probe the boundary subject to those constraints, gaining insight into the information necessary for a robot to ensure task achievement. Ultimately we envision a interactive process where additional constraints are repeatedly included as new light is shed. We aim to pave the way for interactive tools that help the roboticist navigate the complexities of the design space. We describe an implementation of this approach along with experimental results that show that the method can construct decision trees with explanatory value. Our experiments suggest that some domain knowledge (specifically picking features that emphasize monotonicity) substantially improves running-time with only negligible reduction in accuracy.
Effects of Quercetin Supplementation on Lipid and Protein Metabolism after Classic Boxing Training

The metabolic fitness (MF) is a component of athletes’ physical conditioning. This study aims to investigate the effects of quercetin supplementation on Turkish Junior athletes’ lipid and protein metabolism relating to MF after one month classic boxing training. Totally 20 voluntary junior male athletes were separated into two equal groups as the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The participants were supplemented with 500 mg quercetin fifteen minutes before each workout in one month boxing training program. Blood samples during pre and post training were taken from athletes in order to determine metabolic fitness related parameters. Lipid profile contains low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), trigliserid ( TG), t otal cholesterol ( TC) variables while protein metabolism includes the albumin, total protein, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin parameters. The Mann Whitney U analyzes were used for comparison of the means between experimental and control groups during pre and posttest and between pre and post test results in experimental and control groups. This study showed that EG had a similar physical characteristic with CG. There were significant decrease in TC and LDL-C and an increase in HDL-C in EG while there was only significant increase in HDL-C of in controls. A significant difference of HDL-C was observed between EG and CG during pretest. In other side, TC and LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly differentiated between EG and CG during posttest. Conclusion: it can be concluded that quercetin plays an important role on lipid metabolism not protein.
Comparative effects of using prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic and acidifier on growth performance, intestinal microbiology and histomorphology of broiler chicks

This study investigated the effects of dietary prebiotics, probiotic, synbiotic and organic acid salt supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal microflora, and histomorphology. A total of 300 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 5 different treatments with 3 replicates including 20 birds each. The birds received the same basal diet based on corn-soybean meal, and additives included in the diet at 0 control, prebiotic (1 g/kg), probiotic (1 g/ kg), synbiotic (1 g/ kg), and acidifier (5 g/ kg). The body weight, weight gain, feed conversion, intestinal morphology and microbiology of birds showed significant (p<0.01) improvement with dietary pre, pro, synbiotic and organic acid salt supplementation from 0 to 21d, 22-42 d and from 0-41 d in comparison with the control group. Synbiotic followed by probiotic supplemented groups revealed the highest final body weight, weight gain, better feed conversion and the highest antibody response to Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) vaccine in comparison with prebiotic and organic acids. Moreover, synbiotic followed by probiotic supplementation significantly improved intestinal morphology and intestinal microbial ecology than prebiotic, organic acids and control groups. In conclusion, we suggest the use of synbiotic followed by probiotic is preferable as efficient growth and health promoters for broilers in comparison with prebiotic and organic acids.
Breeding potential of S4 maize lines in topcrosses for agronomic and forage traits

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of 46 maize lines (S4) obtained from crosses between the commercial hybrids Penta x P30F53 in topcrosses with the commercial simple cross hybrid Dow8460 (tester) and checks (hybrids Penta, P30F53, Dow8460 and Status). The grain yield was evaluated in two environments in Guarapuava, Parana State, and the effects of genotype, environment and genotype x environment interaction were significant. The grain yield of the topcross hybrids ranged from 8,416 to 13,428 kg ha - 1 . The agronomic characteristics of the forage and the bromatological characteristics of the silage were evaluated in environment 1. The green mass yield of the forage ranged from 48,767 to 87,714 kg ha - 1 and the dry mass yield ranged from 14,749 to 26,130 kg ha - 1 . The neutral detergent fiber content ranged from 44.85 to 58.45% and the acid detergent fiber content ranged from 28.28 to 37.06%. The relative feed value of the silage ranged between 100.5 and 138.5. The tester, hybrid Dow8460, was efficient to discriminate the relative performance of the S4 lines in the topcrosses.