Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multifibre spectroscopy of the supernova remnant candidate RCW 114

RCW 114 is a filamentary nebula of about 250 arcmin diameter. Based on its large diameter-to-filament-width ratio, the expansion velocity, distance and size of the shell, it has been suggested that RCW 114 is a supernova remnant in its momentum-conserving phase. Confirmation of this identification is important, as the large angular size and extensive optical emission of this object will allow for detailed study to improve our knowledge of supernova remnants and their interaction with the interstellar medium. We have used the FLAIR instrument on the UK Schmidt Telescope to obtain optical spectra of several filaments in RCW 114. These confirm that the emission is being produced by the interaction of the shock wave of a supernova remnant with the surrounding interstellar medium. We also obtained narrow-band Hα+[N ii] and [S ii] images to examine the spatial variation in ionization structure.
STRENGTH OF WET SPLICED DENIM YARNS AFTER SIZING USING A CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN

Abstract The retained strength of wet spliced yarns can be controlled to some extent by suitable choices of certain factors related to the process. In order to understand how these variables influence the breaking force of wet spliced yarns, a central composite design was formulated and three variables - yarn count, the duration of air joining and the duration of water joining - were considered. Analysis of the results indicates that yarn count and length of splice contribute significantly to this mechanical property of wet sized spliced yarns. The duration of water joining, the duration of air joining of splice and the recipe size have a considerable effects.
Innovation in Public Service Delivery: Civic Participation in Slovakia

Participation as such is connected with political, social and civic dimensions. Through participation, citizens can directly or indirectly help to make the public process become more transparent and more efficient. It allows citizens “to see" into a decision-making process, to understand it, as well as contribute and be able to control it. In practice, civic participation has various forms; it includes both formal civic associations and informal groups of citizens that develop activities in order to solve local problems. In this paper we focus on civic participation in the innovation in the provision of public services, i.e. co-creation. Our objective is to map the best practices of co-creation in social innovations at the local government level in Slovakia. The main findings of our analysis are that co-created innovations are mostly initiated by non-governmental actors. Our study uses a qualitative approach and is based on original survey data from our own research, conducted mainly within the LIPSE research project.
Acetobacterium, a New Genus of Hydrogen-Oxidizing, Carbon Dioxide-Reducing, Anaerobic Bacteria

A new genus of fastidiously anaerobic bacteria which produce a homoacetic fermentation is described. Cells are gram-positive, oval-shaped, short rods which are actively motile by means of one or two subterminal flagella. Hydrogen is oxidized, and carbon dioxide is reduced to acetic acid. Organic substrates which are fermented in a mineral medium include fructose, glucose, lactate, glycerate, and formate. Pantothenate is required as a growth factor. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of the type species is 39 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The name Acetobacterium is proposed for this new genus, which is tentatively placed in the family Propionibacteriaceae. The type species, Acetobacterium woodii sp. nov., is named in honor of Harland G. Wood. The type strain of A. woodii is WB1 (= ATCC 29683 and DSM 1030).
Life history data and population growth of Tuta absoluta at constant and alternating temperatures on two tomato lines

The tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae), is of growing concern worldwide as a key pest of tomato. In Brazil, the pest is controlled by frequent pesticide sprays, leading to quick development of pesticide resistance in the pest, to high pesticide residue levels on the fruit and to decimation of natural enemies of this and other tomato pests. In order to develop biological control programs, basic information on the biology of the pest T. absoluta is essential. In addition, potential occurrence of resistance to the pest in tomato lines might be an interesting option for control of the pest, either alone or in combination with biological control. Therefore, we studied development, sex ratio, weight, fecundity and population growth of T. absoluta at constant (25 °C) and alternating temperature (30/20 °C) on two tomato lines (Bravo and Tex 317), which were expected to have different levels of resistance to the tomato borer. Tomato line and temperature regime significantly influenced many life history parameters. Development time was generally shorter and emergence rates higher on Bravo than on Tex 317. However, egg development time was similar on both tomato lines and temperature regimes, though egg survival was much lower on Tex 317. Also larval survival was lower on Tex 317, and this lower egg and larval survival suggests antibiosis resistance. Interestingly, the sex ratio was more female biased at the alternating than at the constant temperature on both tomato lines. Another temperature effect was a longer egg to adult development time on both lines at the alternating temperature regime. The net reproductive rate (R0) and the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) were higher on Bravo than on Tex 317, again indicating that Bravo is the most suitable host plant of the two. On the partially resistant tomato line Tex 317 population development is estimated to be much slower than on line Bravo. Also, T. absoluta larvae are exposed longer to natural enemies on Tex 317. Possibilities for biological control of this pest are discussed.
Introduction: Children in the Context of Changing Families and Welfare States

The book explores the implications of changes to the welfare state for children in a range of countries. Children, Changing Families and Welfare States: examines the implications of social policies for children; sets the discussion in the broader context of both family change and welfare state change, exploring the nature of the policy debate that has allowed the welfare of the child to come to the fore; tackles policies to do with both the care and financial support of children; looks at the household level and how children fare when both adult men and women must seek to combine paid and unpaid work, and what support is offered by welfare states; and endeavours to provide a comparative perspective on these issues.
Biochemical changes in chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp ciceri

Study was conducted to see the changes in ascorbic acid, free amino acids, proline and total phenol content at different stages of infection of wilt disease in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) roots tissues. The results indicated that total phenol content was significantly higher in root of all the cultivars obtained from sick plot. The level of phenol declined from pre infection (S1) to post infection stage (S2) and further it increased in all the cultivars among six cultivars tested, JG-62 and GG-1 had lower concentration of total phenol than others. Free amino acid content remarkably decreased with rise in the intensity of wilt disease. Susceptible cultivars had greater reductions in free amino acid content as compared to tolerant cultivars (GG-1 and GG-2) that is (50-52%). Root tissues of different cultivars grown in sick plot possess significantly more amount of free amino acids than the tissues obtained from normal plots at different stages of growth. Ascorbic acids content was significantly higher in chickpea root tissues obtained from normal plot. Susceptible cultivars GG-4 and JG-62 had higher content of ascorbic acid either it was grown in sick soil or normal soil as compared with other cultivars. With the progress of disease from pre infection (S1) to post infection stage (S2), a greater reduction was recorded in root tissues received from sick plot (47%) as compared to normal plot (38%). Interaction effect of TxS showed that the percentage reduction in ascorbic acid content was same from pre infection stage to post infection stage (36%) in root tissues from both sick and normal plot.
Abbreviated Title : Homogenised limit analysis of masonry , failure surfaces

ABSTRACT A simple micro-mechanical model for the homogenised limit analysis of in-plane loaded masonry is proposed. Assuming brickwork under plane stress condition and adopting a polynomial expansion for the 2D stress field, a linear optimisation problem is derived on the elementary cell in order to recover the homogenised failure surface of the brickwork. Different models of higher accuracy are obtained by increasing the degree of the polynomial approximation. Several cases of technical interest are treated in detail, varying both the geometrical characteristics of the cell and the mechanical properties of the components. The model is validated through comparisons with experimental data and kinematic approaches; the comparison with experimental data has the aim to reproduce in a qualitative way the shape of the failure surface, since 3D effects and brittle behaviour of bricks can not be taken into consideration with the model proposed. In an accompanying paper, the homogenised failure surfaces here obtained are implemented in a finite element limit analysis code and relevant structural examples are treated both with a lower and an upper bound approach.
Variation of carbohydrates and macronutrients during the flowering stage in canola (Brasscia napus L.) plants with contrasting seed oil content.

Determination of dynamics of the physiological traits that affect the seed oil content in canola (Brassica napusL.) is essential for high seed oil content breeding programs.The main purpose of the present experiments was to explore the relationship between seed oil content and carbohydrates, N and P content of various canola aboveground tissues during flowering stage using two recombinant inbred lines RILS. Two field experiments were performed simultaneously in both 2010 and 2011. In experiment 1, seed yield and quality were compared between two RILs with contrasting seed oil content, that is, high oil content line (HOCL) and low oil content line (LOCL) at 50.4% and 41.4%, respectively. In experiment 2, our results showed the HOCL produced markedly more biomass in the reproductive organs by 9.9% and 30% at 35 days after anthesis (DAA) in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Furthermore, compared with LOCL, HOCL accumulated higher fructose,sucrose, and P content in the reproductive organs at the late flowering stage, with an average increment of 85.0%, 31.1%, and 12.4%at 35 DAA, respectively. However, the mean N content in the reproductive organs of HOCL was 17.27% lower than that in LOCL at 35DAA. These results reveal the importance of the higher reproductive organ C/N ratio in the regulation of the higher seed oil content of HOCL.Therefore, the C/N ratio of the reproductive organ may be a useful physiological indicator to screen canola lines for high seed oil content in future breeding program
The Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Lead and Cadmium Pollution and Coliform Abundance of Waters and Surface Sediment in Demak

Various activities such as farming, industry, household waste, fish pond, and fishery can possibly affect the estuarine and coastal ecosystem. Demak waters, located to the east of Tanjung Emas Semarang, become an influential element of fishery industry that mostly produces anchovies and shrimps. This research was aimed at (1) analyzing the spatial distribution of heavy metal Pb and Cd in the surface water and sediment; and (2) investigating the abundance of coliform in Demak waters. Moreover, in this research, water pollution index was also analyzed and compared to other polluted water areas. It was found that the Pb content ranged from 0.6037 to 0.6647 mg·1–1 whereas the Cd content ranged from 0.064 to 0.1707 mg·1–1. Both lead and cadmium contents had surpassed the water quality standard. The Pb content in sediment ranged from 0.563 to 0.6823 mg·kg-1 whereas the Cd content reached 0.0047 to 0.0577 mg·kg-1. It showed that this sediment was not polluted by Pb and Cd. The analysis of water pollution index revealed that the pollution level found in Morosari, Rejo, Tuntang, and Lohbener estuary was low. On the other hand, Wedung and Serang estuary were heavily polluted. Compared to some previous studies, most of Pb and Cd contents in Demak waters were greater. However, lead and cadmium content in sediment was lower.
Interactive comment on “ Operational , regional-scale , chemical weather forecasting models in Europe ” by J . Kukkonen

This is a very comprehensive review paper on numerical air quality forecasting systems being used in Europe. The authors not only catalog the models but also elaborate on the science process details in each model. This review paper, including its complete citation list, should be a valuable desk reference to all in the operational and research air quality modeling communities for years to come; not only in Europe, but in the global communities where these models are utilized. I have a few minor general criticisms of the manuscript:
Children thermal comfort in primary schools in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam

Indoor environmental quality significantly impacts on students’ performance and productivity, particularly thermal comfort levels. Currently in Vietnam, very few studies have dealt with the issue and the current trend is to install energy-intensive air-conditioning in primary schools as this is perceived as more comfortable. In this study, the authors investigated the users’ perceptions of thermal comfort in three primary schools in Ho Chi Minh City during the mid-season (September 2015) and the hottest season (April 2016). In-situ spot and long-term measurements were recorded. Questionnaires were completed by 2,145 children (from 8 to 11 years-old) and 62 teachers to understand their experiences and the extent of their interaction with the building in 62 naturally ventilated classrooms. The results were analysed by correlating the conditions measured and the comfort mean votes. Throughout this study, children were observed to tolerate higher thermal comfort condition than the recommended values in the standards. Around 7% of the occupied time during academic year presented temperatures over 33oC, in which less than 80% of the children voted acceptable. The results indicated that Vietnamese children had higher thermal comfort tolerance than the comfort levels suggested in the standards. Using air conditioning system all year round was deemed unnecessary.
STUDY OF GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE OF MONOGERM SEED OF SUGAR BEET CULTIVARS UNDER MOISTURE STRESS

In order to further understand the emergence and germination of sugar beet monogerm cultivars under moisture stress, the current study was carried out at three stages. At the first stage, the quality of germination of three monogerm cultivars (Rizofort, Rasoul and Zarghan) were studied under five moisture stress levels (0, -2, -4, -6 and -8 bars) in germinator at 15°C by between-paper method. At this stage, after the onset of the germination, the number of germinated seeds was daily counted and at the end, germination percentage and rate was determined. The second stage was similar to the first one with the difference that at this stage, the percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings was determined 14 days after sowing and then, radicle length, coleoptile length and their ratio as well as radicle and coleoptile dry weight and their ratio were measured for each treatment. At the third stage, the studied cultivars were evaluated in clay soil in growth chamber under moisture stress of 17.5, 20, 22.5 and 25% (control) of soil volumetric moisture. At this stage, when emergence started, the number of emerged seeds was daily counted and then, emergence rate, days to 50% emergence and final emergence percentage were determined for each cultivar and treatment. The statistical design of all stages was a two-factor factorial (the levels of the factors were different at each stage depending on the number of treatments) based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The studies were carried out in the laboratories of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kermanshah, Iran. Results of the first study showed that moisture stress significantly impacted germination percentage and days to 50% germination, so that as moisture stress was intensified, germination percentage decreased. Also, results revealed that germination percentage of cv. Rizofort was higher than that of Rasoul and Zarghan. Results of the second study indicated that moisture stress significantly affected normal seedlings and ungerminated seeds at 1% probability level. According to the results of the third study too, moisture stress significantly influenced emergence percentage, emergence rate and days to 50% emergence. Results showed that the emergence of sugar beet seeds dramatically decreased at soil volumetric moisture level of lower than 17.5% (-6 bars soil tension) and the emergence percentage of sugar beet seeds did not significantly change with the increase in clay soil volumetric moisture level from 20 to 25% (soil tension of -3 to -0.3 bars).
Modeling of ecosystem processes on the Oregon shelf during the 2001 summer upwelling

[1] Three-dimensional ecosystem response to wind forcing on the continental shelf off Oregon is studied using a five-component nitrogen-based ecosystem model coupled to a high-resolution circulation model. We investigate, in particular, the influence of time-dependent winds and alongshore variations in shelf topography for summer 2001 during the time period of the Coastal Ocean Advances in Shelf Transport (COAST) field experiment. Over summer 2001 the average southward, upwelling-favorable wind leads to the development of a southward coastal jet and upwelled cold nutrient-rich water over the shelf. A strong influence of the shelf topography is found in the observed and modeled nutrients and plankton, with significant spatial variability associated with interactions of the shelf flow with Heceta Bank. The model results show that the largest mean chlorophyll-a concentrations are located onshore of the coastal jet, while the largest mean zooplankton concentrations are found farther offshore, typically on the offshore side of the jet, except on Heceta Bank. During intermittent downwelling periods the largest concentrations of mean zooplankton and phytoplankton, however, are both inshore of the jet. The 20 day oscillations in the modeled nutrients and plankton, the time lags between the wind stress and these ecosystem components, and the decorrelation timescales of phytoplankton agree with those obtained from mooring and satellite measurements. A detailed analysis of the balance between biological and physical forcing helps to clarify the temporal and spatial response of the ecosystem.
Can Agency Theory recommendations affect performance of family firms? Evidence from the Italian Market

Using data on all family owned firms listed on the Italian Stock Exchange for the entire period between 2001 and 2005, it is shown that agency theory prescriptions and monitoring activities differentially impact the market value and profitability of family owned firms. Specifically, nonfounder family firms benefit from a low level of board and insider stock ownership and a high level of stockholder and foreign investor ownership, because these firms necessarily face high agency costs. Conversely, founder family firms benefit from a high level of board and insider ownership, and a low level of stockholder and foreign investor ownership, owing to their lower agency costs.
Reactive Powder Concrete Properties with Cement Replacement Using Waste Material

Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is composed of very fine powders (cement, sand, quartz powder and silica fume), steel fibres (optional) and superplasticizer. A very dense matrix is achieved, and this compactness gives RPC ultra-high strength and durability properties. In the present study, performance of reactive powder concrete without quartz powder and containing fly ash and GGBS as a replacement for cement at the percentage of 5% (RPC1), 10% (RPC2) and 15% (RPC3) by each is investigated. To compare the results of cement replaced mixture, specimen without cement replacement (RPC)are also casted. Performance of the various mixes is tested by the compressive strength, flexure strength and modulus of elasticity. The results show improvement in compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity in cement replaced mixes.
Determination of the atmospheric lifetime and global warming potential of sulfur hexafluoride using a three-dimensional model

Abstract. We have used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), with an updated treatment of loss processes, to determine the atmospheric lifetime of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). The model includes the following SF6 removal processes: photolysis, electron attachment and reaction with mesospheric metal atoms. The Sodankyla Ion Chemistry (SIC) model is incorporated into the standard version of WACCM to produce a new version with a detailed D region ion chemistry with cluster ions and negative ions. This is used to determine a latitude- and altitude-dependent scaling factor for the electron density in the standard WACCM in order to carry out multi-year SF6 simulations. The model gives a mean SF6 lifetime over an 11-year solar cycle (τ) of 1278 years (with a range from 1120 to 1475 years), which is much shorter than the currently widely used value of 3200 years, due to the larger contribution (97.4 %) of the modelled electron density to the total atmospheric loss. The loss of SF6 by reaction with mesospheric metal atoms (Na and K) is far too slow to affect the lifetime. We investigate how this shorter atmospheric lifetime impacts the use of SF6 to derive stratospheric age of air. The age of air derived from this shorter lifetime SF6 tracer is longer by 9 % in polar latitudes at 20 km compared to a passive SF6 tracer. We also present laboratory measurements of the infrared spectrum of SF6 and find good agreement with previous studies. We calculate the resulting radiative forcings and efficiencies to be, on average, very similar to those reported previously. Our values for the 20-, 100- and 500-year global warming potentials are 18 000, 23 800 and 31 300, respectively.
Evaluation of inoculation methods on infection and deoxynivalenol production by Fusarium graminearum on barley

Nineteen barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes representing various reported levels of resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) were subjected to three inoculation methods (point or spray inoculation in the greenhouse, and grain spawn in a field nursery) and rated for phenotypic symptoms and deoxynivalenol (DON) content. Using all three inoculation methods in replicated experiments, seven genotypes were ranked among the more resistant lines: “Chevron”, “CI4196”, “Harbin”, “Island”, “Svansota”, “TR04283”, and “Zhedar #1”. “Stander” was consistently more susceptible. Significant differences for phenotypic symptoms among barley genotypes (P < 0.0001) were found using all three inoculation methods. Significant differences in DON levels among the barley genotypes (P < 0.0001) were observed for only one point-inoculation experiment. A positive correlation between DON levels and FHB ratings was found using point inoculation (r = 0.719) (one replicate) and grain spawn inoculation in nursery trials (r = 0.678). All three inoculation methods allowed for the rating of FHB reactions among the barley genotypes; however, indoor spray inoculation was the most reproducible method for phenotypic evaluation. Indoor spray inoculation mimics natural infection while controlling environmental influences allowed for the broadest discrimination of resistance among the 19 barley genotypes.