Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transition without Accession Effects of Differential Integration on Trade and Welfare in Europe. CEPS Working Document No. 169, June 2001

In the past decade we observed an acceleration of Western European integration, while the transition countries of Central Eastern Europe have not yet become members of the EU. In this paper, we conduct numerical simulations of the consequences of such differential integration within the European economic area using a spatial model of endogenous growth. Three main aspects are analysed: first, we look at the impact of inclusion in, or exclusion from, the EU on the location of “advanced” industries. Second, we consider the consequences for trade and capital flows (foreign direct investment) of the re-location of enterprises due to differential integration. Third, we analyse the welfare effects for insiders and outsiders from a dynamic viewpoint (that is, accounting for different growth regimes and the transition process). We find that, while outsiders always lose in welfare terms relative to insiders if transition is not accounted for, when transition is explicitly introduced it is possible for an outsider to perform better than the insiders. Hence, the model suggests that successful transition might provide a remedy against delayed accession to an integrated area.
Faraday rotation signatures of fluctuation dynamos in young galaxies

Observations of Faraday rotation through high-redshift galaxies have revealed that they host coherent magnetic fields that are of comparable strengths to those observed in nearby galaxies. These fields could be generated by fluctuation dynamos. We use idealized numerical simulations of such dynamos in forced compressible turbulence up to rms Mach number of 2.4 to probe the resulting rotation measure (RM) and the degree of coherence of the magnetic field. We obtain rms values of RM at dynamo saturation of the order of 45 - 55 per cent of the value expected in a model where fields are assumed to be coherent on the forcing scale of turbulence. We show that the dominant contribution to the RM in subsonic and transonic cases comes from the general sea of volume filling fields, rather than from the rarer structures. However, in the supersonic case, strong field regions as well as moderately overdense regions contribute significantly. Our results can account for the observed RMs in young galaxies.
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoretic Comparison of the Polypeptides from Ureaplasmas Isolated from Cattle and Humans

Eleven Ureaplasma isolates from cattle, chosen to represent the serological diversity of these strains, were compared with the eight serovars (serotypes) of Ureaplasma urealyticum (ureaplasmas from humans) by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of polypeptides labeled by growing organisms in the presence of [35S]methionine. The bovine isolates had many common polypeptides, as did the human isolates. Furthermore, the bovine isolates could be distinguished from the human ones. Within the bovine strains, there appeared to be a relationship between the polypeptides present and the serological structure. The results further support the view that ureaplasmas isolated from cattle should be regarded as a species different from U. urealyticum.
Evaluation of depression in colon cancer patients

Background: Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in both genders. Depression is the most frequently cancer related symptom and is a comorbid disabling syndrome that affects approximately 15-25% of cancer patients Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore the frequency of depression’s occurrence in colon cancer patients and to evaluate associated factors . Method and material: The sample study included 79 colon cancer patients who received therapy in two hospitals in Northern Greece. Data was collected by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Statistical analysis was carried out using parametric tests Results: From the 79 patients percentage of 59,5% were men and 40,5% were female. Analysis of data showed that 30,4% did not experience depression and 69,4% experience a symptom of clinical depression. Higher levels of depression were observed for public servants patients (p=0,044). It was found that divorced patients experienced higher levels of depression compared to married and unmarried patients. (p=0,034). Also, the results showed that those who had received secondary education had a significant higher level of depression (p=0,013) than others. Conclusions: The results help the nurses to the implementation of appropriate nursing interventions in order to alleviate colon cancer patients with depression. Also, nurses should cooperate with psychologists and this could lead to the improvement of the disease’s outcome and to the quality of patients’ life.
Chapter 10 The cyclic model of learning: An attempt based on the DBR in an EFL context

The purposes of this paper are to (a) elaborate on the Cyclic Model of Learning (CML; Takeuchi, 2007), which was formed based on the four phases of the design-based research (DBR) framework (Amiel & Reeves, 2008); (b) to put the model into practice through use of technology in the field of EFL teaching; and (c) to examine how the CML-based teaching practice influences students’ English ability and the instructor’s teaching methods. Based on the four phases of the DBR framework, a qualitative investigation was conducted to identify the problems that impede teachers’ use of technology in EFL teaching (Sumi, 2011). To ameliorate the problems, following the second phase of the DBR framework, the CML was created and applied to a research project. The most distinctive feature of the CML is its integration of in-class practices with students’ out-of-class self-learning with aid of CALL technology. The CML was put into practice and tested on 19 first-year undergraduate students of EFL over the course of one year at a university in Japan. Data were collected, both onand off-line, in a variety of ways including quizzes, weblog, video recording, questionnaires, and classroom observation. Findings confirmed that CML-based teaching practice contributed to the improvement of both students’ English abilities and the instructor’s teaching methods.
Influence of Quasi-Steady Wind Loads on the Fatigue Damage of Wind Turbine Gearboxes

Quasi-steady wind varies both in time and space and has a great influence on a wind turbine gearbox’s fatigue life. Quasi-steady wind fields are described by mean wind speed and turbulence intensity, and the influence of these two parameters on wind turbine gearbox’s fatigue life is studied. Based on the two-step decoupled method (the first step is global analysis and the second is gearbox dynamic analysis), a model which can calculate the complex gearbox’s fatigue damage from gear’s dynamic force and SN parameters is established. The fatigue damage of every gear calculated from the established model is then analysed. The fatigue damage result under certain wind loads is first analysed, and the vulnerable gears among each stage are found. Then, how mean wind speed and turbulence intensity influences fatigue damage is studied, and the damage comparison factors are calculated, which finds the 3rd stage pinion to be the gear most sensitive to wind loads, and it requires more attention when designing gearboxes. Finally, the gears’ fatigue damage sensitivities to mean wind speed and turbulence intensity are analysed and the condition in which fatigue damage is more sensitive to wind loads is found, this is meaningful when designing pitch control systems.
Globalization - An Opportunity for Outward Expansion or Survival Risk for Bahrain Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)?

This study supports the Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030 which defines a pivotal role of the private sector as the engine of growth and productivity. The country’s national economic strategy is anchored on stimulating entrepreneurial activity to develop a dynamic small and medium enterprise sector. The study which focuses on SME development and promotion is also one of the priority research agenda of the AMA International University of Bahrain. The main objective of this study is to ascertain the state or condition of SMEs in the country in the face of globalization. The descriptive method was used in generating the data set which includes the status of SMEs in Bahrain in the advent of free trade, challenges and opportunities as well as on the effectiveness of interventions, programs and projects of the government and private sector in assisting these SMEs. Ranking, weighted mean and the Likert scales were used to analyze the primary data. Correlation analysis was applied in assessing the significant relationship between the interventions / program / projects for SMEs and the factors that influence business environment. It was found out that globalization specifically free trade can serve as the driving force for the competitive SMEs to become more innovative and produce higher quality of products that are acceptable in the global landscape. On the other hand, if safety nets or appropriate programs / projects are absent or lacking, these SMEs faced difficulties arising from liberalization-induced adjustments. The most difficult issue which limits these SMEs to thrive in the economy is their characteristic of being a small company. They cannot manage their business by themselves to ignore the presence of MNCs and importers that contributed to the strong foreign trade performance of Bahrain. On the other hand, the present economic condition of Bahrain, as construed it as very good one, is a favorable factor in supporting these SMEs from the brunt of free trade. Keywords: in Bahrain, Globalization and SMEs, SMEs development and promotion, SMEs, SMEs on free trade
Patented Drugs, Generic Alternatives and Intellectual Property Regimes in Developing Countries

Author(s): Charuworn, Anita; Cohen, Linda R. | Abstract: We consider when and to what extent a country will unilaterally protect intellectual property when it does no patentable innovation of its own. Framing the strength of an intellectual property regime in terms of the scope of patents, our model analyzes incentives of developing countries to manufacture generic versions of patented goods. The model provides insights into where problems arise in negotiating intellectual property treaties, when multinationals want to license intellectual property for local manufacture, and how changes in wealth and technology affect a country’s intellectual property regime.
Significance of Monitoring and Control for Employees’ Felt Trust, Motivation, and Mastery

The aim of the current study is to investigate the importance of monitoring and employee control for employees’ felt trust, as well as felt trust as a mediating variable between monitoring and control, intrinsic motivation and mastery. A random sample of 3015 Norwegian employees was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. Monitoring was negatively related to employees’ felt trust, while employees’ control over decisions was related to higher felt trust. In turn, felt trust was related to employees’ intrinsic motivation and experience of mastery. Felt trust also partially mediated the relationship between employee control and intrinsic motivation, employee control and mastery, and entirely mediated the relationship between monitoring and intrinsic motivation and monitoring and mastery. The findings highlight the importance of felt trust for theory related to the workplace: Our findings support that employees are less intrinsically motivated if they are monitored because they feel less trusted.
Experts Networks and the European Commission on Demographic Change

This paper examines who populates the expert and policy network around demographic change issues in Europe. We examine how competing policy departments in the European Commission DirectoratesGeneral (DGs) deal with the issue of Europe’s changing demography, as well as discuss the role of external experts on demographic change. Our findings suggest that on demographic change issues at the EU level, DG EMPL has taken the lead, while DG ECFIN is the secondary actor. Still, internal European Commission dynamics mean that the lead actor on demographic issues has less autonomy in articulating a funded and clear policy position on how to address them. As a consequence, there is little institutional memory and hardly a depository of activity on demographic change. While outside expertise comes primarily from demographers, and other scholars concerned with demographic change, they are primarily an academic community rather than heavily engaged in European policy formulation. As a consequence of these dynamics, the European mode of governance on demographic change issues suffers from a lack of both flexibility and direction. It is an important slow-burning issue that is captured by neither the ‘new intergovernmentalism’ nor the ‘new supranationalism’ in post-crisis European governance strategies. Rather, demographic change issues largely operate in a vacuum and make only sporadic appearances on the EU agenda.
Toward faithful templates for non-spinning binary black holes using the effective-one-body approach

im izing only overtim eofarrivaland initialphase.W eobtain thisresultby sim ply adding a 4-post- Newtonian ordercorrection in theEO B radialpotentialand determ iningthe(constant)coecientby im posing high-m atching perform anceswith num ericalwaveform sofm assratios m 1=m 2 = 1;3=2;2 and 4, m 1 and m 2 being the individualblack-hole m asses. Thenalblack-hole m ass and spin predicted by the num ericalsim ulations are used to determ ine the ringdown frequency and decay tim eofthreequasi-norm al-m ode dam ped sinusoidsthatare attached to theEO B inspiral-(plunge) waveform at the EO B light-ring. The EO B waveform s m ight be tested and further im proved in thefutureby com parison with extrem ely long and accurateinspiralnum erical-relativity waveform s. They m ay already be em ployed for coherent searches and param eter estim ation ofgravitational wavesem itted by non-spinningcoalescing binary black holeswith ground-based laser-interferom eter detectors.
Selling business in portions : strategy for focusing and adapting to the changes

Although acquisitions and business exits have been studied widely, there are very few studies which concern the business deals as a growth strategy from the perspective of seller. Mainstream growth business research as well as business transfer studies are concentrating on the growth of the firm from buyers’ perspective. However, in practice it has been found that there are firms which are selling portions of businesses, either directly to improve the operating performance or to get resources, by which the remaining activities in the firm evolves and grow.
Phenomenological Study of Employee Perceptions of Managerial Behaviors as Personal Enactments of Organizational Culture

Abstract Using a phenomenological methodology, this research study examines the phenomenon of organizational culture through the perceptions of those who experience it. Rather than studying how organizational culture affects organizational behavior and success, the researchers focus on employee perceptions of culture as a consequence of experiences with managerial behaviors as personal enactments of culture. The notion of personal enactments is drawn from the work of Edgar Schein. Schein [1985] has identified three levels of organizational culture: artifacts, values and beliefs. Among artifacts, Schein identifies the personal enactments of organizational values by senior managers as one of the more important. The researchers derived the data describing these personal enactments from 20 volunteer subjects reporting in self-administered questionnaires their experiences with managerial behaviors. Respondent perceptions are described in their own words, conveying their understandings, feelings, emotions and behaviors. Responses are categorized into units of relevant meaning, organized into clusters of similar meaning and then into themes. From these themes the researchers draw some insights and understanding of how system actors both live and experience culture in an organizational setting.
Corporate Social Responsibility: The Myopic Barometer?

Managers have a fiduciary duty to strategically align firm activities and partake in opportunities that maximizes shareholder wealth. Managers, then, should ensure that their strategies maximize the sum of the expected discounted future profits. As a result the firm discount rate is critical and informs the decisions made by management to strike the appropriate balance between current and future benefits. Unfortunately, an information asymmetry exists between management and shareholders around the true economic position of the firm (Myers & Majluf, 1984), as a result shareholders have a disadvantage when pricing the capital they provide and might require higher returns than might be warranted (Thakor, 1990). This effect could bias the discount rate upward, in turn managers would focus on short-term goals overemphasizing strategies with immediate payoffs (Bebchuk & Stole, 1993) at the expense of strategies with superior but more distant payoffs—that is, they would engage in myopic management (Mizik, 2010). The incentives and pressures faced by managers may lead to an overemphasis on shortterm goals. Earnings projections and failing to meet analysts’ expectations could prove punitive. Secondly, managers’ personal motivation and compensation structure often incentivize stock price gains (Grant, King, & Polak, 1996). This creates an incentive to manipulate the signals they send to the stock market in an attempt to inflate the stock price.
Shift towards the dominance of boreal species in the Arctic: inter-annual and spatial zooplankton variability in the West Spitsbergen Current

We studied summer mesozooplankton composition between 2001 and 2009, in the epipelagic zone of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) and adjacent areas, which constitute a transition zone between warmer Atlantic and cold Arctic waters. According to hydrography and species composition, this region could be divided into 4 main areas: western and eastern branches of the WSC, the Greenland Sea together with Fram Strait, and the shelf areas of Spitsbergen and the Barents Sea. The most abundant species was Oithona similis and the most important, in terms of biomass, was Calanus finmarchicus; both species were found at all stations. The novel spatial analysis method of principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNM) and the following variation partitioning were applied to disentangle the contributions of environmental variables and spatial differences in explaining mesozooplankton community variation. In spite of the large geographic area covered, environmental factors used in redundancy analysis (RDA) explained 30.6% of zooplankton variability, while the spatial distribution of sampling stations was responsible for 27.2%, and 12.5% was a common share of both predictors, coming from their correlations. We observed a smooth change from dominance of ubiquitous and boreo-Arctic taxa such as O. similis and Triconia sp. in the beginning of the study period towards stronger dominance of boreal taxa such as C. finmarchicus, which was the most abundant species in 2009.
Effect of Salicylic Acid, Citric Acid and Ascorbic Acid on Post-harvest Quality and Vase Life of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) Cut Flowers

Cut gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) flowers are sensitive to microbial contamination and have short vase life. The effect of salicylic acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid (50, 100 and 200 mg l-1) was evaluated on vase life of gerbera flowers. Changes in vase life, water absorption, and bacterial population in stem and vase solution, also biochemical characteristics such as protein concentration, lipid peroxidation level and enzymes activity such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were measured and compared with the control. Results showed that the maximum vase life (11.31 and 11.21 days) was achieved in 100 mg l-1 of both citric acid and salicylic acid, respectively. The vase life of control cut flowers was 5.80 days. Most solution uptake (0.907 ml g-1 F.W) was obtained in 100 mg l-1 of citric acid, too. The least bacterial colonies in stem end (151.00) and vase solution (66.33) was obtained in 100 mg l-1 citric acid. Differences between the content of bacterial colonies in vase solution containing 200 mg l-1 citric acid and 100 and 200 mg l-1 salicylic acid was not significant with 100 mg l-1 citric acid. The lowest content (46.04 and 46.21 nmol g-1 F.W.) of lipid peroxidation or MDA content was obtained from cut flowers treated with 200 mg l-1 of citric acid and 100 mg l-1 salicylic acid, respectively. Maximum activity of the peroxidase (0.063 mmol g-1 F.W.) and superoxide dismutase (40.80 nmol g-1 F.W.) enzymes was observed in 200 mg l-1 of citric acid.
Stock Markets Volatility Spillovers during Financial Crises : A DCC-MGARCH with Skew-t Approach

We investigate stock markets volatility spillovers in selected emerging and major developed markets using multivariate GARCH (MGARCH) models [namely; DVECH, CCCMGARCH, CCC-VARMA-(A)MGARCH, VAR-EGARCH, BEKK-(A)MGARCH, DCCMGARCH (with Gaussian and t distributions) and DCC-with-skew-t density]. The paper analyses the impacts of recent global financial crisis (2007–2009) on stock market volatility and examines their dynamic interactions using several MGARCH model variants. Structural break detection test (the ICSS algorithm) finds significant evidence of breaks in the unconditional variance for all the stock market returns. Having fitted several MGARCH models, we modify the BEKK-(A)MGARCH models by including financial crisis dummies to assess their impact on stock market volatilities, spillovers and interactions. Major findings reveal that correlations among emerging markets are lower compared with correlations among developed markets and tend to increase during financial crises. Consistent with extant literature, own-volatility spillovers are to a large extent higher than crossvolatility spillovers especially for emerging markets. The DCC-with-skew-t density model is found to have better diagnostics compared to all other fitted MGARCH models partly due to its taking into account the skewed feature of the returns. Thus, we recommend that in modelling stock market volatility dynamics, skewness, asymmetry and fat tails (features frequently observed in financial time series) should be taken into account in the modelling process.
Distribution of foraging by female Antarctic fur seals

The study examined the distribution of critical habitat for foraging by female Antarctic fur seals breeding at the island of South Georgia. Bathymetric features of the continental shelf around the island of South Georgia were an important indicator for the localisation of foraging. This pattern was consistent among years of different prey availability. Lactating females were constrained to forage mainly within 100 km of the location at which the offspring was being raised. When this constraint was removed at the end of lactation, females foraged to much greater ranges and dispersed to specific regions of the continental shelf east of Patagonia (>1000 km) and to the northern edge of the Antarctic pack ice (500 km). The empirical distribution of foraging during the breeding season was used to develop a function that described the foraging distribution for the whole breeding population of females. The result was consistent with past observations from ship-based surveys and it allowed estimation of the spatial impact of breeding female fur seals on krill at South Georgia. This suggested that, in extreme cases and assuming that krill influx is limited, female fur seals could eat most of the krill present in some regions where they forage intensively. However, mean consumption was about one-tenth of the mean density of krill.