Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Gender Differences in Perceived Obscenity of Vulgar, Profane and Derogatory-Language Usage among U.S. University Students

With the Access Hollywood video of Donald Trump and the “This Pussy Fights Back” response by women, societal standards toward gender-specific language and appropriate conversation topics have become center-stage in our society. The concept that “boys will be boys” normalize vulgar conversations between men, whereas women who “swear like sailors” are seen by society as unprofessional, to have bad manners, limited vocabulary and to be seeking attention or “trying to be like one of the boys”. Such stigmas, although aim to make the perspectives of so-called “unladylike” women obsolete and invisible, may actually end up doing the complete opposite by attracting more attention. That attention, however, often translates into shock; not an actual understanding of her argument. On the flip side, when men use profanity or speak of vulgar topics, no one is outraged because it’s just “locker room talk”. Through quantitative data acquired from surveying over 400 students, and qualitative data acquired from interviews with ten students, this paper will examine the disparities between what is considered taboo discussion subjects and language for males and females. The perceptual survey asked students to rate the level of obscenity of various words and phrases and whether such a level is affected by a male or female speaker. Jacqueline Knirnschild Honors Candidate for B.A. English Reviewed by Dr. Carrie Smith Assistant Professor of Psychology Social Science 29 Knirnschild, Gender Differences Background English-speaking men and women are increasingly using vulgarity (explicit and offensive references to sex or bodily functions), profanity (“swear words”) and derogatory language (terms used to insult others) in a range of private and public settings.
Initial conditions for penta helix collaboration in social innovation

Social innovation brings about sustainability which is regarded as a new paradigm for development. In order to bring about social innovation, cross-sector collaboration among different actors is required. However, it is known that establishing cross-sector collaboration is very complex, especially in a penta helix model where the public administration, business, academia, third sector and citizens are all involved. The research aims to investigate the initial conditions for establishing penta helix collaboration in the context of co-produced social innovation from the perspectives of core co-producers. Through a case study of ReTuren, a coproduced public platform for waste handling and prevention in Malmö, Sweden, the research finds out four themes of initial conditions, viz. environment, resources, relationships, and strategy. It is also discussed that the significance of these conditions to the collaboration establishment can depend on the development stage of the social innovation initiative. The research also provides new insights about the unclear boundary and the flexible role of each sector in the penta helix model. Based on the findings, an adapted model of initial conditions from Bryson et al. (2015) for penta helix collaboration in social innovation is created.
Isometric measurands on perceived spaciousness: Exploring volumetric isovist

The isovists are essential hypothetical structures for understanding the visibility in space. Regarding the perception of space, volumetric visibility presents a complicated geometrical volume that may be considered as a polyhedron obtained from the optical arrays of the vantage point. Despite the stated importance of volume, the preference for two-dimensional approach was later emphasized to be highly pragmatic by the prominent researchers of the field considering the non-applicable and complex data analysis of isovist radials and accordingly the polyhedron structure within a three dimensional medium. Through an experimental case study, the research explores the extension of syntactic and semantic parameters of visual perception and helps to understand the dynamic nature of the volumetric visibility. Research uses semantic and syntactic data analyses based on the fixed vantage points in a medium to expose the differences in the spatial experience of users. Syntactic data obtained from a modified real environment, and semantic data obtained from the vantage point scenes derived from this environment are correlated. The research is based on four founding subjects of study, which are considered as the main factors in understanding the perception of spaciousness and openness. These factors are defined as isovist parameters, graph parameters, radial data parameters, and volumetric parameters. The selected environment of the case study is a part of a university building. For this study, ground and first floors are abstracted and simplified in the experiment’s virtual environment. Selected 16 vantage points from two floors had diverse variations in width, length and height, which are likely to cause different perceived spaciousness levels. Semantic evaluation is examined through an experimental research with 90 students from 1 Alper Ünlü, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Özyeğin University, Nişantepe Dist. 34794 Istanbul alper.unlu@ozyegin.edu. tr 2 Erincik Edgü, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Istanbul Commerce University, Küçükyalı Campus 34840 Istanbul eedgu@ticaret.edu. tr 3 Mehmet Emin Şalgamcıoğlu, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Taşkışla Campus 34437 Istanbul salgamciogl u@itu.edu. tr 4 Nevset Gul Canakcioglu, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Özyeğin University Nişantepe Dist. 34794 Istanbul gul.canakcioglu@ozyegin.edu. tr 5 Emir Atakan Yılmaz, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Taşkışla Campus 34437 Istanbul soyutsimit@gmail.com 1 Proceedings of the 12 Space Syntax Symposium
Towards Bridging Human and Artificial Cognition : Hybrid Variational Predictive Coding of the Physical World , the Body and the Brain

Predictive coding and its generalization to active inference offer a unified theory of brain function. The underlying predictive processing paradigm has gained significant attention within artificial intelligence research for its representation learning and predictive capacity. Here, we suggest that it is possible to integrate human and artificial generative models with an artificial neural network that predicts sensations simultaneously with their representation in the brain. Guided by the principles of active inference, we propose a recurrent hierarchical predictive coding model that jointly predicts stimuli, electroencephalogram and physiological signals under variational inference. We suggest that in a shared environment, the artificial inference process can learn to predict and integrate the human generative model. We evaluate the model on a publicly available dataset of subjects watching oneminute long video excerpts and show that the model can be trained to predict physical properties such as the amount, distance and motion of human subjects in future frames of the videos. Our results hint at the possibility of bi-directional active inference across human and machine.
SÉRIE ÉTUDES ET DOCUMENTS Impacts of extreme climate events on technical efficiency in Vietnamese agriculture

The aim of this study is to examine farm household-level impacts of weather extreme events on Vietnamese rice technical efficiency. Vietnam is considered among the most vulnerable countries to climate change, and the Vietnamese economy is highly dependent on rice production that is strongly affected by climate change. A stochastic frontier analysis is applied with census panel data and weather data from 2010 to 2014 to estimate these impacts while controlling for both adaptation strategy and household characteristics. Also, this study combines these estimated marginal effects with future climate scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5) to project the potential impact of hot temperatures in 2050 on rice technical efficiency. We find that weather shocks measured by the occurrence of floods, typhoons and droughts negatively affect technical efficiency. Also, additional days with a temperature above 31°C dampen technical efficiency and the negative effect is increasing with temperature. For instance, a one day increase in the bin [33°C-34°C] ([35°C and more[) lessen technical efficiency between 6.84 (2.82) and 8.05 (3.42) percentage points during the dry (wet) season.
Objective Bayes model selection of Gaussian interventional essential graphs for the identification of signaling pathways

A signalling pathway is a sequence of chemical reactions initiated by a stimulus which in turn affects a receptor, and then through some intermediate steps cascades down to the final cell response. Based on the technique of flow cytometry, samples of cell-by-cell measurements are collected under each experimental condition, resulting in a collection of interventional data (assuming no latent variables are involved). Usually several external interventions are applied at different points of the pathway, the ultimate aim being the structural recovery of the underlying signalling network which we model as a causal Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) using intervention calculus. The advantage of using interventional data, rather than purely observational one, is that identifiability of the true data generating DAG is enhanced. More technically a Markov equivalence class of DAGs, whose members are statistically indistinguishable based on observational data alone, can be further decomposed, using additional interventional data, into smaller distinct Interventional-Markov equivalence classes. We present a Bayesian methodology for structural learning of Interventional Markov equivalence classes based on observational and interventional samples of multivariate Gaussian observations. Our approach is objective, meaning that it is based on default parameter priors requiring no personal elicitation; some flexibility is however allowed through a tuning parameter which regulates sparsity in the prior on model space. Based on an analytical expression for the marginal likelihood of a given Interventional Essential Graph, and a suitable MCMC scheme, our analysis produces an approximate posterior distribution on the space of Interventional Markov equivalence classes, which can be used to provide uncertainty quantification for features of substantive scientific interest, such as the posterior probability of inclusion of selected edges, or paths.
Prepared for submission to JHEP A holographic superconductor forced through interactions

We propose a novel mechanism to achieve superconductivity at zero chemical potential, within the holographic framework. Extending previous construction of the holographic superconductors, we consider an Einstein-Maxwell system coupled with two interacting scalars in Anti-de Sitter space. One of the scalar fields is charged and therefore, interacts non-trivially with the gauge field, while the other is uncharged. We find that, if we turn on a boundary source for the uncharged scalar field, it forces the condensation of the charged scalar, leading to a superconducting phase in the dual boundary theory. The condensation occurs at a certain critical value of the source, depending on the value of the chemical potential, which can even be zero. We work out the complete phase diagram of this scenario. We further corroborate the existence of superconductivity at zero chemical potential, through a fluctuation analysis on our solution. Notably, the conductivity of the system, as a function of probing frequency, exhibits characteristics of usual holographic superconductors. We also investigate how these properties of the system changes, as we vary the interaction strength between the scalar fields. Our results indicate a controlled mechanism to manipulate the phase transition temperature of superconductors with strongly coupled microscopics.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITANCE IN LITHIUM-ION BATTERY 1

Temperature plays an important role on the performance of a lithium-ion battery. The results of the experimental study of the double layer capacitance were presented. The double layer capacitance in the cathode interface during discharging process has been identified at wide range of temperatures from 50oC to -20oC from series of impedance measurements at different state of charge conditions. Results proved that at higher temperatures, the cathodic double layer capacitance is higher than at lower temperatures. Index Terms Performance of lithium-ion battery, double layer capacitance, temperature effects in lithium-ion battery.
VISUALISATION OF GRANULAR MATERIAL CONCENTRATION CHANGES , DURING SILO DISCHARGING PROCESS , USING ECT LARGE SCALE SENSOR

Measuring changes of bulk materials concentration during gravitational flow, a silo emptying is essential information for the assessment of the behaviour and condition of the material during the emptying of the silo. Parameters obtained during this process are important both in terms of process economics and safety, are the basis for monitoring and diagnostics of the process. Affect the current process, but primarily are the result of their filling the silo, and the process of storing the material. Previous studies, conducted by a team of authors, the laboratory-scale silos and numerical calculations and simulations of its increase, helped build the ECT sensor on a large scale. Results related to the change of scale of the sensor and the actual measurements will be discussed in the article. Proposed by the authors of the paper, the method of visualization, performed in the measuring process, helps to ask about the process and suggests a methodology for dealing with the material stored in the silo.
Subjectivity , psychology and the Cuban Revolution

University Center of Brasília, Brazil University of Brasília, Brazil Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico Correspondence Fernando Luis González Rey, SQS 407, Bloco R, ap. 206, Asa Sul, Brasília, DF, CEP 70256‐180, Brasil. Email: gonzalez_rey49@hotmail.com David Pavón‐Cuéllar, Facultad de Psicología de la UMSNH, Francisco Villa 450, Colonia Miguel Silva, CP 58110, Morelia, Michoacán, México. Email: davidpavoncuellar@gmail.com
Acute toxicity of glyphosate on various life stages of calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus annandalei

Copepods are one of the most important primary producers and biodiversity indicators. They are also highly susceptible to various toxicants. In this study, glyphosate (Roundup®), a widely used herbicide was used to investigate the toxicity effect on calanoid copepods, Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, focused on their nauplius, copepodid, and adult stages. Different concentrations of glyphosate (i.e. 0 - as control, 0.05, 0.1, 0.4, 1.6, 6.4 and 25.6 mg/L) were used to elucidate the tolerance level of P. annandalei. The survival rate of copepod was recorded at the intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after glyphosate exposure. The analysis was performed using probit test to determine the sub-lethal concentrations. Our results revealed that LC50 of the nauplius stage was recorded as 3.47, 3.02, 1.86 and 1.10 mg/L at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. Higher LC50 values were recorded at 4.36 mg/L for 24 h, 3.09 mg/L for 48 h, 2.00 mg/L for 72 h, and 1.12 mg/L for 96 h at the copepodid stage. Generally, adult copepods showed a higher level of tolerance to glyphosate among all stages, whereby at this stage LC50 values were recorded as 11.70 mg/L for 24 h,10.23 mg/L for 48 h, 7.41 mg/L for 72 h, and 3.61 mg/L for 96 h, respectively. Our results indicated that prolong exposure time of glyphosate could increase the susceptibility of P. annandalei to the herbicide. Nauplii are the most sensitive group among all. This study showed that glyphosate could post significant eco-toxicological impact to the non-targeted organism.
Marine sponge and its potential bioactive spectrum against CSF affected bacterial organisms

Sponges are sessile filter feeders that have developed efficient defense mechanisms against foreign invaders such as viruses, bacteria or eukaryotic organisms. Antimicrobial activities are known as principal functional important immune defense system in marine invertebrates. The aim of the present work was to study the antimicrobial properties of the eight Indian sponges against the CSF affected pathogenic bacterial organisms viz., E. coli S. aureus H. influenzae, N. meningitides Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterococcus faecalis. From the present result clealrly expressed the maximum peak activity was noted on two experimental sponges such as Ircinia fusca and Sigmadocia carnosa crude extract showed that the peak activity 21±3.64 and 20±3.15 bioactivity against the pathogens of H. influenzae and N. meningitides respectively. Consequently another maximum zone of inhibition (17±2.32) formed with the sponge-5 extract on K. pneumoniae. The present result denoted on both sponge extract antimicrobial activity at 5% level of statistically significant. Although, least antimicrobial response was observed in Cacospongia salaries on K. pneumoniae (3.41±0.21) also D. nigra extract against S. agalactiae (2.30±0.41). From the over all results depicted statistically insignifiant response also noted on ms-2,3 against E.coli 5±2.58 and H. influenzae 7±2.10. The present study depicted that the chromatogram stands for compounds elucidation by GCMS on the methanol extract experimental sponge of Ircinia fusca. Initially nine compounds were categorized. Among the nine compounds, two antimicrobial compounds are present such as 2-Methoxy1, 4-Benzenediol recognized as a peak compound subsequently 3-dimethylocta-1, 5-dien-3, 7-dioldimethyltryptamine also been elucidated. The response of this kind of secondary metabolic compounds was act as potential antimicrobial compound against the experimental CSF pathogen derived from the tested marine sponges. Hence, this research focused a new source of marine sponge as a poised potential antimicrobial agent for the control the CNS involved pathogenic microbiota.
WEIGHTS AGGREGATED MULTI-OBJECTIVE PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZER FOR OPTIMAL POWER FLOW CONSIDERING THE GENERATION COST , EMISSION , TRANSMISSION LOSS AND BUS-VOLTAGE PROFILE

This study proposes weights aggregated multi-objective particle swarm optimizer with static penalty constraint handling technique, linearly altered upper and lower velocity bounds and objectives handled via weights aggregation approach, to solve for the multi-objective optimal power flow problem in power systems for simultaneous minimization of active transmission loss, load buses volt deviation, cost and thermal emissions of active power generation units while acknowledging different operational and security constraints forced by the system and due to the network limited abilities. These objective functions conflict with one another, so a fuzzy based mechanism is represented to extract the best trade-off point among non-dominated solutions, obtained via multiple runs of the proposed algorithm with different weight settings. The multi-objective problem is converted to single objective optimization problem and standard particle swarm optimization with linearly modified upper and lower velocity limits is applied to come up with a final narrower range during iterative procedure for better local exploration of search space. The proposed method of solution is implemented to IEEE 30-bus benchmark system using MATLAB and compared with other nature inspired methods. The obtained results show better performance of the proposed algorithm over the other presented methods while strictly following all the system model constraints.
MODELLING THE STOCHASTIC TENSILE BEHAVIOR AND MULTIPLE CRACKING OF STRAIN-HARDENING CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES ( SHCCS )

Strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCCs) have gained the growing application in the infrastructures with exhibiting superior tensile behavior by the formation of the fine multiple cracking. The micromechanics-based method is in the light of governing mechanisms of the multiple cracking by considering the interaction between the fiber, the matrix and the fiber/matrix interface, and thus has the ability to model the tensile behavior of SHCCs, crack characteristics in particular. However, the variability of the tensile behavior (i.e., the tensile strain capacity, the tensile strength, the multiple cracking sequence, the crack spacing, and the crack width) are observed due to the heterogeneity nature of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites, which cannot be completely considered in the existing models. The heterogeneity may originate from variation of properties of ingredients such as inconsistent fiber diameter and fiber strength, processing (variation of flaw size and distribution and non-uniform fiber distribution), and curing. In this paper, a micromechanics-based stochastic model to capture the variability of SHCC multiple cracking and tensile behavior is developed. The modelling approach is based on the multi-scale linking from micro-mechanical properties to macro tensile properties through fiber-bridging properties and matrix properties at the meso-level. The pivotal idea is to treat all the micro-mechanical parameters as stochastic variables at the micro-level, in addition, the multiple cracking criteria was firstly introduced in the model to capture the variability of the tensile behavior. Since this analytical model was implemented in a numerical way, it would become a flexible and easy-to-use software package for the engineering application in the future. The capability of the proposed model was confirmed compared with experimental results. Using the newly developed model, parametric studies were conducted to point out that σfu, Vf, and τ0 are the most critical parameters to affect the tensile strain capacity of SHCCs.
A plant trait-based response-and-effect framework to assess vineyard inter-row soil management

Biodiversity impacts ecosystem properties and the ecosystem services provided by those ecosystems. As a result, promoting plant diversity in agricultural systems has been a key issue in agriculture over recent years. In this context, weeds have an important role in maintaining field biodiversity, when it is balanced with their potential negative impact on crop production. Functional trait diversity, rather than the diversity of species per se, is a facet of biodiversity most directly related to species and community responses to management practices, with subsequent consequences for ecosystem services. Trait-based approaches, originally developed in the field of comparative ecology, allowed the description of weed species responses to management practices in annual crop systems. Here, we aimed to extend the trait-based approach to the spontaneous vegetation of vineyards. First, we propose a brief summary of current knowledge about weed communities in vineyards. Then we show how the relationships between management practices, weeds and grape vines can be translated into a response– effect framework: soil management practices (tillage, cover crops, spontaneous vegetation) can be considered as environmental filters that determine the composition and structure of vegetation, which, in turn, modify grapevine growth conditions in the vineyard. Finally, we tested this framework in a Mediterranean vineyard where, for 2 years, we characterized the responses of different components of weed communities (taxonomic and functional composition) in three inter-row management practices (tillage, cover crops and mowing spontaneous vegetation) and their effects on several grapevine processes (vine yield, vine leaf water potential and assimilable nitrogen in must).