Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Proximate Compositions , Functional and Physicochemical Properties of Raw Melon Seeds of Five Members of Cucurbitaceae Family

Comparative study of the natural fermentation of five melon seed varieties (Citrullus vulgaris (CV), Citrullus lanatus (CL), Colocynthis citrullus (CC), Cucurbita pepo (CP), and Cucumeropsis edulis (CE) is presented. Each melon seed variety was procured, dried, dehulled and ground into flour for the determination of functional properties and proximate composition of raw seeds. Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Acid Value (AV), Total Titrable Acidity (TTA), and proximate composition were determined. Data obtained were analysed statistically at p≤0.05. The results of functional properties showed variations in behaviour. While CV was significantly different (p≤0.05) in bulk density (1.70g/cm), oil absorption capacity (1.55g/ml) and swelling index (1.36g/cm), CL was significant in foam capacity (5.36%) and CE in emulsion capacity (50.17%).
Effects of different NaCl Concentrations on germination and seedling growth of Amaranthus hybridus and Celosia argentea

Salinity refers to the salt content of any given system. By nature, arid soils are naturally saline. Soils could also acquire salinity due to some agricultural practices like irrigation. There is need therefore for search on halophytes that could adapt to such soils and be used to reclaim soils contaminated with salts. Thus, this present study focused on investigating Amaranthus hybridus and Celosia argentea with respect to their potentials and suitability for use in saline environments. This study was conducted in two phases; germination (laboratory-based) and seedling tests (field-based). Shoot length, root length, root/shoot ratio, total length, fresh weight, dry weight, dry matter content, leaf area index, leaf number as well as relative water content were parameters used for assessing results for the field-based test. Germination results showed that only the control (0 mM) showed 100 % germination in both species. Germination percentages decreased steadily with increasing NaCl concentrations in both species. Growth was steadily stimulated in both species at lower NaCl levels with best growth stimulation at 50 mM NaCl but was adversely affected by higher NaCl concentration levels (75, 100 and 150 mM). Both species showed almost the same phenomenon for fresh weight, dry weight, dry matter, leaf area index, number of leaves as well as relative water concentration. These show that both species would best be cultivated under moderate than low or high saline concentration. The findings in this study showed that it is best for seedlings of both species of plants to be raised in nurseries free of NaCl to attain 100% germination and after which, the seedlings could then be transplanted to moderately saline soils for maximum growth and development. This has strong implications for maximizing food productivity and ensuring food security. Key words : Germination, early seedling growth, NaCl, salinity, Amaranthus hybridus, Celosia argentea .
VALUE-BASED AXIOMATIC DECOMPOSITION (PART I): THEORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROPOSED METHOD

Decomposition is very useful in simplifying design problems, by breaking down a set of goals, constraints, requirements, behaviours and structures, into less complex and more manageable ways. In Axiomatic Design Theory, this top-down approach takes place by zigzagging back and forth between at least two adjacent design domains. Nevertheless, the decomposition activities pose some challenges, such as assuring the consistency of the design decisions made between levels, generating proper functional requirements (FRs) and constraints (Cs) at the lower levels of abstraction, defining adequate design parameters (DPs) and integrating them into physical and/or logical parts, in order to achieve the required functions and the desired life cycle properties for the system. In this paper we propose a new decomposition method that integrates Axiomatic Design with FAST (Function Analysis System Technique). The use of FAST diagrams and Value Engineering principles, during the zigzag path, are combined with the concepts and guidelines from Axiomatic Design Theory. This systematic articulation increases the ability to define a sufficient number of FRs at each layer of the design hierarchy as well as the coherence between subFRs. In part II of this paper, a practical example describing the applicability of the proposed decomposition approach is provided.
I. MORPHOLOGICAL NUTLET CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME LAMIACEAE TAXA IN SAUDI ARABIA AND THEIR TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

The nutlet characters in the Lamiaceae are of great taxonomic significance. Macro and micro morphology nutlets of 23 taxa belonging to 12 genera of Lamiaceae from Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia have been studied for the first time by both light and scanning electron microscope. Observations revealed that nutlet color, shape, size, presence of areole are of limited taxonomic value. However the pericarp sculpturing are the most important diagnostic characters for differentiating the species through a constructed key. Three main distinct types of nutlets sculpture can be distinguished; smooth, partly sculptured and sculptured, within these types 12 subtypes are also recognized (reticulate, reticulate-foveate alveolate, granulate, rugose-scalariform, favulariate, protuberance, colliculate, ruminate, ocellate, verrucate and tuberculate). The relationships between the studied taxa were demonstrated as a phenogram.
Character Misrepresentation by Amazon Turk Workers : Assessment and Solutions CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT Consumer researchers conducting studies with Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers

This tutorial provides evidence that character misrepresentation in survey screeners by Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers (“Turkers”) can substantially and significantly distort research findings. Using five studies, we demonstrate that a large proportion of respondents in paid MTurk studies claim a false identity, ownership, or activity in order to qualify for a study. The extent of misrepresentation can be unacceptably high, and the responses to subsequent questions can have little correspondence to responses from appropriately identified participants. We recommend a number of remedies to deal with the problem, largely involving strategies to take away the economic motive to misrepresent and to make it difficult for Turkers to recognize that a particular response will gain them access to a study. The major short-run solution involves a two-survey process that first asks respondents to identify their characteristics when there is no motive to deceive, and then limits the second survey to those who have passed this screen. The long-run recommendation involves building an ongoing MTurk participant pool (“panel”) that
Long-Lasting Impacts of Beach Renourishment on nearshore Urban Coral Reefs: a Glimpse of Future Impacts of Shoreline Erosion, Climate Change and Sea Level Rise

Urban shoreline erosion mitigation through beach renourishment has often been dismissed as environmentally insignificant. Given predicted impacts of sea level rise (SLR) and increased shoreline erosion, such activities might become a common practice in the future. But its long-term impacts on adjacent coral reefs have remained poorly documented. Benthic community trajectories were addressed during a period of twelve years across a spatial gradient of sediment burial impacts by beach renourishment on a high-energy urban coral reef at La Marginal Beach, Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Impacts associated to beach renourishment, followed by long-term, slowly-evolving impacts associated to sediment bedload, increased turbidity, increased Arecibo River streamflow, urban polluted runoff discharges, high particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration, and coral mortality following massive coral bleaching in 2005 were addressed through long-term monitoring. There was an initial catastrophic loss in coral species richness, diversity index and percent living coral cover, and a rapid regime shift favoring dominance by macroalgae and other non-reef building taxa. Long-term chronic impacts arrested high impact sites to an early successional stage, and drove moderate and low impact sites to a similar stage of very low species diversity, colony abundance and reef growth. Such chronic changes in community trajectories represent a glimpse into potential future impacts of shoreline erosion, sediment bedload, increasing turbidity and coastal water quality decline associated to SLR. The combination of chronic coral reef decline resulting from beach renourishment, coastal pollution, turbidity, and sediment bedload may have critical long-term ecological implications for urban coral reef resilience, functions and benefits.
Effect of Concentration on Settling Velocity of Sediment Particles

The drag coefficient for dispersed particles settling in a fluid is related to the particle Reynolds number with the same function as that used for a single particle falling in a clear fluid, after taking into account the effects of concentration both on the effective density of particles and on the viscosity of fluid-sediment mixture. A new method is developed for evaluating the settling velocity of natural sediment particles dispersed in a fluid; it agrees well with the available experimental data. The differences among various empirical expressions are illustrated using the present relationship.
Calving ease and stillbirth in dairyherds using beef and dairy breed bulls

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sire breeds on calving traits when used in dairy herds. Records from 1,423,851 calvings from 1990-2016 were collected from the Swedish milk recording scheme from Swedish Holstein, Red dairy cattle, Hereford, Charolais, Aberdeen Angus, Limousin and Simmental sires mated with Swedish Holstein, Red dairy cattle or crossbred dams. Calving ease was defined in two categories, easy or difficult calving. Stillbirth was defined as dead at calving or within 24 hours of birth. The data were analyzed for both traits for first and later parities separately. The frequencies of difficulties at calving in first parity ranged from 3.2% to 7.6%. The highest frequencies were found for Charolais and Simmental sires, and the lowest for Aberdeen Angus and Red dairy cattle sires. The incidence of stillbirth ranged from 1.4% to 5.0% in first parity, where Swedish Holstein sires gave the highest incidence of stillbirth and Hereford and Aberdeen Angus the lowest. The frequency of difficulties at calving and the incidence of stillbirths were in general lower in later parities compared to first parity. Swedish Holstein and Red dairy cattle sires gave significantly less difficulties at calving compared to Charolais, Hereford, Limousin and Simmental sires in first parity, but were not significantly different from Hereford sires in later parities. Aberdeen Angus sires were performing significantly better than all other beef breeds in first parity, but were not significantly different from Hereford sires in later parities. Charolais gave significantly more difficulties at calving than all sire breeds, except for Simmental in first parity. Swedish Holstein sires gave significantly higher incidences of stillbirth than Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Limousin and Simmental sires in first parity. All beef breeds gave significantly lower incidence of stillbirth than sires in both dairy breeds in later parities. There was no significant difference in the incidence of stillbirth between beef breeds in later parities. There was some re-ranking of beef sire breeds depending on which breeding values (based on records from purebred beef herds or from beef-dairy crosses) had been used.
Isospin fractionation and isoscaling in dynamical simulations of nuclear collisions

Isoscaling is found to hold for fragment yields in the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) simulations for collisions of calcium isotopes at 35 MeV/nucleon. This suggests the applicability of statistical considerations to the dynamical fragment emission. The observed linear relationship between the isoscaling parameters and the isospin asymmetry of fragments supports the above suggestion. The slope of this linear function yields information about the symmetry energy in low density region where multifragmentation occurs.
Influence of feeding diets containing dried vegetable fat blend on the performance of broilers.

Addition of fat became a common practice to increase energy density of poultry diets. Blending of unsaturated with saturated fatty acids is the best way to use fat in poultry feeding. Influence of feeding broilers on diets contained dried high saturates vegetable oil blend was evaluated in the present work by designing the experiment as five groups of one day old broilers. The first group fed on starter, grower and finisher diets during 0-2, 3-4, and 5-6 weeks of age, respectively without dried fat and it was considered as control group. Other four groups fed on diets contained normal (NRC, 1994) or extra (75 Kcal/Kg diet) ME content from dried fat along the experimental periods (0-42 days old) and on diets contained normal or extra ME content from dried fat only after two weeks of age (14-42 days old) to evaluate the effects of dried fat supplementation on growth performance, blood parameters, and carcass traits. Our results data revealed a negative effect of feeding broilers on diets contained dried high saturates vegetable oil blend with normal ME content or extra ME content on the relative growth rates, body weights, feed intakes and feed conversion ratios either along the experimental periods (0-42 days of age) or only after the starting period (14-42 days of age) compared to the control group. Dressing percentages of birds` groups fed on diets contained dried fat were lower than that of control group. However, dressing percentages of birds fed on diets contained dried fat along the experimental periods were lower than those fed on diets contained dried fat only after the starting periods. Addition of dried fat to the diets of broilers diets didn’t influence the liver and breast weights but increased thigh weight compared to the control group. Abdominal fat weights decreased by supplementation of diets with dried fat either along the experimental periods or only after the starting period. Plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels decreased by supplementation of diets with dried fat, whereas plasma LDL levels of groups fed on diets contained extra ME and plasma VLDL levels of groups fed diets contained dried fat along the experimental periods decreased compared with those of control group. On the other hand, plasma HDL levels increased by dried fat supplementation. Glutathione reductase concentrations of plasma decreased in birds of groups fed on diets contained extra ME either along the experimental periods or only after the starting period compared with that of control group. Plasma malondialdehyde levels decreased in all groups fed on diets contained dried fat either along the experimental periods or only after the starting period. It was concluded that feeding broilers on diets rich in saturated fatty acids decreased the growth performance, dressing percentages, abdominal fat, plasma triglyerides, LDL, VLDL, glutathione reductase, malondialdehyde and increased thigh weight, plasma HDL. These effects were more pronounced when birds fed these diets from one day to 42 days old.
Wishes or Constraints? Mothers’ Labour Force Participation and its Motivation in Switzerland

The aim of this article is to estimate the impact of various factors related to role conflict theory and preference theory on the reduction of women's labour force participation after their transition to parenthood. Objective and subjective dimensions of women's labour force participation are assessed. The empirical test is based on a survey of couples with children in Switzerland. Results show that compared to structural factors associated with role conflict reduction, preferences have little impact on mothers' labour force participation, but explain a good deal of their frustration if the factual situation does not correspond to their wishes. Structural factors, such as occupation, economic resources, childcare, and an urban environment, support mothers' labour force participation, whereas active networks and a home centred lifestyle preference help them to cope with frustrations.
Implementation of Bethesda system in thyroid aspirate: A cyto-histopathological correlation study

Background: Thyroid lump is a common clinical problem in Nepal. The risk of malignancy has to be judged prior to surgery for which fine needle aspiration cytology is widely used. To bring the uniform reporting of thyroid aspirates, the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC) was introduced in 2007. This study was done to evaluate the various cytomorphological patterns of thyroid aspirate and to correlate the Bethesda system with final histopathology report. Materials and Methods: Fine needle aspiration were performed and were evaluated as per TBSRTC criteria. Fine needle aspiration cytology report were compared with biopsy specimen whenever possible. Result: A total of 386 cases were studied. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of TBSRTC were 75.2%, 98.2%, 90.0%, 94.7% and 94.03% respectively. Conclusion: Use of TBSRTC in reporting thyroid cytopathology has a greater accuracy; however, benign cases need regular follow up as there are false negative cases.
Modeling Surface Runoff and Evapotranspiration using SWAT and BEACH for a Tropical Watershed in North Vietnam, Compared to MODIS Products

Accurate estimation of surface runoff (Q) and evapotranspiration (ET) is a challenging task but an important research topic because both Q and ET play vital roles in the study of the hydrological cycle, of climate change, water resources, flood management and so on. In this paper we will present the modeling method to estimate the daily Q and ET for a medium-sized watershed in the tropical region of the North of Vietnam using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Bridging Event and Continuous Hydrological (BEACH) models. The models were calibrated and validated for the river discharge for SWAT and evaporation (E) for BEACH in a 12 year period from 2001 to 2012. The simulated ETs by the models were compared with the satellite-based ET of MODIS products. Our simulation results show that the SWAT and BEACH models are capable of satisfactorily reproducing (with the NSE > 0.62 and R 2 > 0.78) the stream-gauged river discharge and the observed E, respectively. Daily ET varied from 0.3 to 14 mm day -1 and was highest from May to August and lowest from December to March. Although the monthly and yearly MODIS ETs were slightly higher than those of SWAT and BEACH, a strong relationship between them was found with a standard deviation ranging from three to 40 mm. A light decrease of ET values in the 12 years can be seen in the result analyses; however a longer simulation time might be needed to ensure this trend.
Iterative multi-scale method for estimation of hysteresis losses and current density in large-scale HTS systems

In recent years, commercial high-temperature superconductor (HTS) materials have gained increasing interest for their use in applications involving large-scale superconductor systems. These systems are typically made from hundreds to thousands of turns of conductors. These applications can range from power engineering devices like power transformers, motors and generators, to commercial and scientific magnets. The available analytical models are restricted to the analysis of individual tapes or relatively simple assemblies, therefore it is not possible to apply these models to the study of large-scale systems and other simulation tools are required. Due to the large number of turns, the simulations of a whole system can become prohibitive in terms of computing time and load. Therefore, an efficient strategy which does not compromise the accuracy of calculations is needed. Recently, a method, based on a multi-scale approach, showed that the computational load can be lowered by simulating, in detail, only several significant tapes from the system. The main limitation of this approach is the inaccuracy of the estimation of the background magnetic field, this means the field affecting the significant tapes produced by the rest of the tapes and by external sources. To address this issue, we consider the following two complementary strategies. The first strategy consists of the iterative implementation of the multi-scale method. The multi-scale method itself solves a dynamic problem, the iterative implementation proposed here is the iterative application of the multi-scale method, and a dynamic solution is obtained at each iteration. The second strategy is a new interpolation method for current distributions. With respect to conventional interpolation methods, a more realistic current density distribution is then obtained, which allows for a better estimation of the background magnetic field, and consequently a better estimation of the hysteresis losses. In contrast with previous works, here we do not only focus on the estimation of the hysteresis losses, but also the estimation of the current density distribution is addressed. This new method is flexible enough to simulate different sections of the system with a better level of detail while providing a faster computational speed than other approaches. In order to validate the proposed method, a case study is analyzed via a reference model, which employs the H-formulation of Maxwell’s equations and includes all the system’s tapes. The comparison, between the reference model and the iterative multi-scale model, shows that the computation time and memory demand are greatly reduced. In addition, a very good agreement with respect to the reference model, both at a local and global scale, is achieved.
Optimization of Physicochemical Properties of Low-Fat Hamburger Formulation Using Blend of Soy Flour, Split-Pea Flour and Wheat Starch as Part of Fat Replacer System

To obtain the optimization formulation of low-fat hamburger, the influence of the different mixtures of fat replacers was studied. A 13-run mixture design was carried out in an experimental region defined by constraints on three components. The obtained results showed that using soy flour in hamburgers resulted in significant increase in redness of raw hamburger, yellowness of cooked hamburgers and lower lightness. Soy flour in combination with starch leads to increase in cooking yield and addition of split-pea flour in mixed formula decreases shrinkage while improving texture properties. Soy flour had no significant effect on juiciness, but when its highest level was added to lowest amount of two other fat replacers, fat retention improved significantly. For moisture retention, starch was found to be a critical ingredient. The hamburger formulation optimized via the mixture experiment approach consisted of 8.52% soy flour, 1.48% split-pea flour and 5% starch. Practical Applications Soy and split-pea protein along with starch can function as part of fat replacer system and make fat sparing or fat extending effect. Using these blends presents some advantages in physicochemical properties of low-fat hamburger. The optimized formula, predicted with the desired physical-textural properties of low-fat beef burger by the models, was composed of 8.52% soy flour, 1.48% split-pea flour and 5% starch.