Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planetary nebulae in 2014: a review of research

En 2014 se celebro un doble aniversario en el campo de las nebulosas planetarias, 250 anos desde su descubrimiento y 150 anos desde su correcta identificacion espectroscopica. En este articulo resenamos la investigacion sobre nebulosas planetarias publicada durante 2014. Se incluyen relevamientos, estrellas centrales, abundancias quimicas, morfologias, campos magneticos, poblaciones estelares y dinamica galactica. Ha continuado la importante controversia sobre las abundancias derivadas a partir de lineas de recombinacion y lineas prohibidas. Nueva es la controversia sobre la relacion entre estrellas simbioticas y estrellas [WC]. La nebulosa planetaria del ano es, sin duda, CRL 618, de la cual se publicaron estudios acerca de su nucleo simbiotico binario o [WC], su rapida evolucion estelar, sus chorros en expansion y su campo magnetico
The influence of academic and demographic factors on entrepreneurial intention antecedents among students of a Portuguese higher education institution

Researchers have previously used the Theory of Planned Behavior as a theoretical framework to investigate entrepreneurial intention (EI). However, there are some studies that suggests that psychological factors such as spirituality (S), emotional intelligence (EmoI) and creativity(C) play an essential role in developing alternative EI models. This correlational study explores the relationships between EI antecedents (S, EmoI, C, personal attitudes towards entrepreneurship-PA and perceived behaviour control-PBC) and academic and demographic factors (gender, scientific study area, working experience, entrepreneurial family background, student status, entrepreneurial education, among others) of university students. A quantitative approach was used, through a personal questionnaire survey applied to 345 students in a Portuguese higher education institution. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The correlation levels of S, EmoI, C, PA, PBC and EI are relatively low to moderate. There are strong positive correlations between EI, PA and PBC. The most creative students have higher levels of PA, PBC and EI. A moderate positive correlation is observed between EmoI and C, and between EmoI and PBC. S was not correlated to most of the concepts in the analysis. There are several significant associations between EI determinants and some academic and demographic variables, for example, higher EI levels occur with students that have “student-worker” status, with those that have taken part in entrepreneurship education programs, and those who have family members with their own business and have some experience in the labour market.In educational settings due consideration should be given to EmoI and C as to promote students ́ EI. The study has implications for academics involved in entrepreneurship education.
NONLINEARITY AND FRACTIONAL COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF THE REAL EXCHANGE RATE: EVIDENCE FROM EUROZONE, CANADA, UNITED KINGDOM AND JAPAN

The application of fractional cointegration technique is very important in resolving the Rogoff’s (1996) puzzle of purchasing power parity (PPP). By allowing deviations from equilibrium to follow a fractionally integrated process, the fractional cointegration analysis can explain the persistence of a wider range of mean-reversion behaviour better than the standard cointegration analyses. Our empirical results which based on monthly data from January 1990 to September 2008 period illustrate that the PPP reversion exists and can be characterized by a fractionally integrated process in three out of four moneys. Using these results, we can analyze the modified GPH estimator, which has obviously lower bias. The econometric results obtained from the GPH tests hold PPP as a long-run occurrence, though significant short-run deviations from PPP can exist. Therefore, the fractional cointegration analysis permits the deviations from the equilibrium to follow a fractionally integrated process and hence captures a much wider group of research of parity or mean-reversion behavior.
A new automatic method to identify galaxy mergers – I. Description and application to the Space Telescope A901/902 Galaxy Evolution Survey★

We present a new automatic method to identify galaxy mergers using the morphological information contained in the residual images of galaxies after the subtraction of a smooth Sersic model. The removal of the bulk signal from the host galaxy light is done with the aim of detecting the much fainter and elusive minor mergers. The specific morphological parameters that are used in the merger diagnostic suggested here are the residual flux fraction (RFF) and the asymmetry of the residuals [A(Res)]. The new diagnostic has been calibrated and optimized so that the resulting merger sample is very complete. However, the contamination by non-mergers is also high. If the same optimization method is adopted for combinations of other structural parameters such as the Concentration, Asymmetry, clumpineSs (CAS) system, the merger indicator we introduce yields merger samples of equal or higher statistical quality than the samples obtained through the use of other structural parameters. We investigate the ability of the method presented here to select minor mergers by identifying a sample of visually classified mergers that would not have been picked up by the use of the CAS system, when using its usual limits. However, given the low prevalence of mergers among the general population of galaxies and the optimization used here, we find that the merger diagnostic introduced in this work is best used as a negative merger test, that is, it is very effective at selecting non-merging galaxies. In common with all the currently available automatic methods, the sample of merger candidates selected is heavily contaminated by non-mergers, and further steps are needed to produce a clean merger sample. This merger diagnostic has been developed using the Hubble Space Telescope/ACS F606W images of the A901/902 multiple cluster system (z= 0.165) obtained by the Space Telescope A901/902 Galaxy Evolution Survey team. In particular, we have focused on a mass- and magnitude-limited sample (log M/M⊙ > 9.0, RVega, Total≤ 23.5 mag) which includes 905 cluster galaxies and 655 field galaxies of all morphological types.
Competitive Dynamics in Forecasting: The Interaction of Skill and Uncertainty

The outcomes of many activities depend upon both skill and luck. We analyze stock analysts’ forecasts of companies’ earnings per share under market conditions that vary in volatility and thus imply different levels of luck in outcomes. Noting that making forecasts that deviate widely from the consensus of their peers — which is observable by the analyst — potentially carries both career-related rewards but also reputational risks, we examine the degree of deviation from consensus exhibited by analysts of different skill levels (measured by both past forecasting accuracy and education) in different market conditions. We find that average deviations from consensus increase as markets become more volatile. At the same time, low-skill analysts exhibit larger increases in deviations from consensus than high-skill analysts. We suggest possible interpretations for these findings and directions for future research.
Pattern Recognition in Physics The sunspot cycle length – modulated by planets ?

The Schwabe frequency band of the sunspot record since 1700 has an average period of 11.06 yr and contains four major cycles, with periods of 9.97, 10.66, 11.01 and 11.83 yr. Analysis of the O–C residuals of the timing of solar cycle minima reveals that the solar cycle length is modulated by a secular period of about 190 yr and the Gleissberg period of about 86 yr. Based on a simple harmonic model with these periods, we predict that the solar cycle length will in average be longer during the 21st century. Cycle 24 may be about 12 yr long, while cycles 25 and 26 are estimated to be about 9 and 11 yr long. The following cycle is estimated to be 14 yr long. In all periods during the last 1000 yr, when the solar cycle length has increased due to the 190 yr cycle, a deep minimum of solar activity has occurred. This is expected to re-occur in the first part of this century. The coherent modulation of the solar cycle length over a period of 400 yr is a strong argument for an external tidal forcing by the planets Venus, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn, as expressed in a spin-orbit coupling model.
Monetary Policy Targeting in Argentina and Canada in the 1990s: A Comparison, Some Contrasts, and a Tentative Evaluation

There are two generally accepted ways of plotting the aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) curves in the goods market. One puts the price level on the vertical axis (the P - y approach); the other plots the real interest rate on the vertical axis (the r - y approach). This paper develops the theoretical connections between these two approaches that permit one to tell a coherent dynamic story with the AD-AS model and also explores the conditions under which one approach or the other yields greater insight into the working of the model.
Point Pattern Analysis of Different Life Stages of Haloxylon ammodendron in Desert-oasis Ecotone

The Haloxylon ammodendron natural desert forest is an important vegetation formation and has a large distribution area in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Province, China. In this paper, H. ammodendron populations were mapped, characterized and the spatial distribution patterns and spatial associations of H. ammodendron among different life stages (seedlings – S, juveniles – J, mature – M, overmature – O) were analyzed using O-ring univariate O11(r) and bivariate O12(r) statistics. We found that: (1) H. ammodendron was a regenerating population. (2) H. ammodendron (S), H. ammodendron (J), and H. ammodendron (M) showed significant aggregations at scale 0-8 m, 0-27 m, and 0-35 m, respectively, whereas H. ammodendron (O) tended to have random distributions at almost all scales. (3) The spatial associations between different life stages of H. ammodendron tended to turn from positive to negative if their size differences are enlarged increasingly. Strongly positive associations were found at small scales for only two pairs: H. ammodendron (S)-H. ammodendron (J), H. ammodendron (J)-H. ammodendron (M).
Identifying the Determinants of Attitudes Towards Immigrants: A Structural Cross-Country Analysis

Utilizing subjective data to infer on fundamental issues of individual opinion is associated with severe conceptual and methodological problems. This paper addresses these problems and investigates the attitudes towards immigrants within a cross-country framework. To this end, we utilize data from the first wave of the European Social Survey (ESS) in a structural latent variable model. The determinants of attitudes towards immigrants are estimated by employing different identification restrictions on the model. Our results suggest that educational attainment as well as parental education are the main driving forces behind attitudes formation. Average attitudes across countries further seem to increase with per capita GDP. All our findings are stable across countries and identification strategies.
Biochemical and molecular changes in buckwheat leaves during exposure to salt stress

In spite of the great nutritive and pharmacological potentials of buckwheat, data about the abiotic stress tolerance of this plant species are very limited. The aim of this work was to analyze the biochemical and molecular response of buckwheat plants in the middle vegetative phase against short- and long-term salt stress. Changes in relative water content, level of lipid peroxidation, content and localization of H2O2 as well as changes in antioxidative enzyme activity and expression of ubiquitin and dehydrins, were investigated. Reasons for observed buckwheat salt stress sensitivity as well as possibilities for enhancing stress tolerance are discussed.
Fungal infection profile in burn patients at a tertiary care centre of India

Background: Burn patients are at high risk of infections and burn wound infection is one of the most important factor responsible for their morbidity and mortality. Burn patients have increased incidence of fungal infection in comparison to others. Fungal infection is difficult to diagnose because it has similar symptoms like bacterial infections. Common fungal organism causing burn wounds infections are Candida sp. , Aspergillus sp. , non albicans Candida, Zygomycetes etc.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Department of Burn, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, J.N. M.C. H. , Aligarh Muslim University, India from December 2015 to June 2017. Patients having 20 to 60% body surface area involvement with more than 5 years of age with no comorbidity were included in this study.Results: In our study, total 126 patients were included, 9 male patients (18.37%) were found fungal culture positive whereas 14 females (18.18%) were culture positive. 12 patients (9.52%) were found to be positive for Candida albicans, 6 patients (4.76%) were Aspergillus flavus positive, 3 patients (2.38%) were positive for Non Candida albicans and 2 patients (1.59%) were positive for Aspergillus niger.Conclusions: Fungal burn wound infections are one of the most common cause of late onset morbidity and mortality in burn patients. So, high level of suspicion and tissue culture are essential in making early diagnosis and treatment. Judicious use of antibiotics are also necessary for decreasing its incidence.
Investigating self-care performance of diabetic
patients at a diabetes center; a single center pilot
study

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in humans that is mainly recognized by a defect in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Diabetes self-care is one of the factors for controlling the disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the self-care performance of diabetic patients at the diabetes center of Sabzevar in 2014. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, which was conducted on 400 diabetic patients to determine the patients’ awareness as a raw score. The study was conducted by designing a two-part questionnaire (demographic information and performance measurement) which was completed by patients and in the case of lack of literacy by the researcher. Chi-square, t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with CI 95% were used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 400 participants, 156 were female. Around 93.7% of the individuals were under diploma. Chi-square test showed education has only the significant relationship with nutritional performance. Additionally, a significant relationship between occupation and all self-care parameters was detected. There is also a significant relationship between marriage and drug performance and self-monitoring (P<0.05). Conclusion: By implementing this study, the self-care role of diabetic patients in improving disease and reducing costs was determined and its effect on improving individual and social life was confirmed.
Practicing Uncertainty in R&D Networks – Explorative Evidence from a Semiconductor Industry Network

Highly volatile industries are often confronted with a paradox: while exploiting existing technological paths by means of well-established practices, novel and yet unknown future technological landscapes need to be screened and opened up in parallel even though the necessary expertise is still lacking. Based upon a longitudinal case study that is informed by structuration theory, we reveal how the SEMATECH semiconductor network reconciles this paradox via the “stretching practice” of partnering; that is, selectively engaging with different present and potentially in the future relevant organizational actors to manage uncertainty. By identifying a set of practices that serves to selectively engage with different partners, we contribute to the debate on how to practice uncertainty in and with interorganizational networks.
How does community service promote prosocial behavior? Examining the role of agency and ideology experience

This study examines community service effects on adolescents’ prosocial behaviors as mediated through experiences made during service. Based on theoretical assumptions by Youniss and Yates, we suggest that personal agency experiences and being confronted with situations that can challenge the own world views (ideology experiences) serve as mediators. The data were collected in a two-wave longitudinal study surveying 2,408 German adolescents aged between 14 and 15 years. Based on true intraindividual change models, the results support the expected mediation of service effects on prosocial behaviors through agency, but not ideology experiences. The findings suggest that community service affects prosocial behaviors through a behavioral pathway.
Are Family Members Expropriated-Monitoring Shareholders? Non-Linear Evidence from the Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT As family businesses grow worldwide, the significant role of family shareholders on firm value becomes questionable. This study seeks to address this issue and provides new evidence on the non-linearity of family ownership-firm value relationship, based on 375 firm-year observations of 75 public listed companies in Saudi Arabia over five consecutive years (2007-2011). Interestingly, we provided evidence that the behavior of the Saudi families is changeable between expropriation and monitoring during the life of the business depending on the percentage of family ownership. We found sufficient evidence that the turning point occurs at the 28% family ownership. This confirmed the expropriated-monitoring behavior of family shareholders in their businesses. These results were robust with respect to different family definitions and analyses. Our findings suggested that investors should not undervalue Saudi family firms due to family ownership per se. At a certain degree of ownership, the benefits of Saudi family monitoring actually exceed the costs. The results suggested that there may be a need to encourage policy makers in Saudi Arabia to impose the full disclosure of firms’ ownership information, including the percentage of ownership and the identity of owners. Keywords: Family business; family ownership; firm value; non-linearity; Saudi Arabia. ABSTRAK Pertumbuhan perniagaan keluarga yang pesat berkembang di seluruh dunia telah memberi kesan signifikan kepada persoalan pemegang saham keluarga ke atas nilai firma. Oleh itu, kajian ini ingin menjawab persoalan ini dan menunjukkan bukti baru hubungan ketidaklinearan pemilikan keluarga dengan hubungan nilai firma berdasarkan pemerhatian ke atas 375 firma dari 75 Syarikat Tersenarai Awam di Arab Saudi bagi lima tahun berturut-turut (2007-2011). Apa yang menarik, kajian ini mendapati tingkah laku keluarga Arab berubah-ubah sepanjang hayat perniagaan, bergantung kepada peratus pemilikan keluarga. Kajian mendapati bahawa arah perubahan bertukar pada 28% pemilikan. Ini membuktikan tingkah laku merampas-memantau di kalangan pemegang saham keluarga di dalam perniagaan masing-masing. Keputusan ini adalah mantap kerana beberapa definisi keluarga yang berbeza telah digunakan dan analisis telah dijalankan di dalam kajian ini. Penemuan kajian ini mencadangkan pelabur tidak perlu menilai rendah terhadap firma keluarga Arab Saudi dengan hanya melihat kepada pemilikan keluarga sahaja. Pada tahap pemilikan yang tertentu, manfaat pemantauan pemilikan keluarga Arab adalah melebihi kos. Keputusan menyarankan adalah perlu untuk menggalakkan penggubal polisi di Arab Saudi mengenakan pendedahan penuh ke atas firma berkaitan maklumat pemilikan termasuklah peratus pegangan pemilikan dan identiti pemilik. Kata kunci: Perniagaan keluarga; pemilikan keluarga; nilai firma; ketidaklinearan; rampasan; pemantauan; Arab Saudi.
HEI Working Paper No : 04 / 2004 Inflation Targeting and Exchange Rate Pass-Through

This paper analyzes how endogenous imperfect exchange rate pass-through a¤ects ination targeting optimal monetary policies in a New Keynesian small open economy. The paper shows that an inverse relation exists between the passthrough and the insulation of the economy from foreign and monetary policy shocks, and that imperfect pass-through tends to decrease the variability of the terms of trade. Furthermore, with CPI ination targeting, in the short run, delayed pass-through constrains monetary policy more than incomplete passthrough and interest rate smoothing ampli es this e¤ect. When the pass-through decreases, the variability in economic activity tends to raise and the trade-o¤ between the stabilization of CPI ination and output worsens in direct relation to how strictly the central bank is targeting CPI ination. In contrast, with domestic ination targeting, optimal monetary policy is not constrained and opposite results occur. Consequently, imperfect pass-through favors the choice of domestic to CPI ination targeting. JEL Classi cation: E52, E58, F41.
Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprises Growth in Ethiopia: The Case of Nekemte Town of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Micro and small enterprises (MSE) are recognized as important vehicles of economic growth, employment creation, income generation, and poverty reduction. As a result, MSE occupy a prominent position in the development agenda of Ethiopia. The main objective of this study is to examine determinants of MSE growth in terms of profitability of MSE business in Nekemte town. The total population of the study was 504 MSEs operating in five sectors (construction, manufacturing, urban agriculture, trade and service) which is used as a stratum. Proportional stratified sampling technique was used for the selection of 96 MSEs from the strata. Following this, key informants are selected from MSEs by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire from the selected respondents and analyzed by using statistical package for social science (SPSS-version 16.0.) and STATA soft ware. The study shows that the major source of finance for MSE is personal saving. It is only less than one fourth of the respondents that are borrowed loan from MFI. The study shows that MFI loan term is too short to run the business. Most of the respondents are characterized by low level educational status and lack work experience. Most of the MSEs that are operating in government shade complain for its sufficiency and suitability of the location for running business. The result of regression analysis shows that sources of finance for MSE operators, loan term (duration of loan period) that MSEs borrowed from MFI, previous business experience of the operators, marketing skill of members of the business, source of raw materials of the MSE, and major customers of the product or services of MSEs affects positively the growth of profitability of MSEs business significantly at 1% level of significance. Managerial skill of the respondents and suitability of the location of the business positively determine the growth of MSE in terms of the profitability of MSE business significantly at 5% level of significance. Also, educational status of MSE operator affects negatively the growth of MSE significantly at 5% level of significance in the study area. These findings corroborate the need for integrated approach towards the growth of MSE sector. Based on the findings the researcher recommends that locality based approach for solving problems of MSEs through prioritizing the challenges as per their severity; enhancing capacity of the MSE development agency through provision of skill and business training; improving local business environment through provision of sufficient work premises at appropriate location & facilitating access to credit from financial institutions are the major once. Keywords : Micro and small enterprise, Growth, Profitability, Determinant factor, Nekemte