Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure and energy band of IIIA doped group ZnO nanosheets

The electronic andmagnetic properties of IIIA group doped ZnO nanosheets (ZnONSs) are investigated by the first principles. The results show that the band gap of ZnO nanosheets increases gradually along with Al, Ga, and In ions occupying Zn sites and O sites. The configuration of Al atoms replacing Zn atoms is more stable than other doped. The system shows half-metallic characteristics for In-doped ZnO nanosheets
Molecular phylogeny ofthe Puntius (Hamilton, 1822) based on nuclear gene RAG2

The tropical Asian cyprinid genus Puntius is a major part of the ichthyofauna in Southeast Asia. Systematic status of the genus Puntius among Cyprinidae, the most prominent freshwater fish all over the world, remain to be substantiated. The molecular phylogenetic analyses derived from Recombination activating genesequences (RAG2) for 35 representative samples of Malaysian Puntius and their allies, indicated paraphyly of the genus Puntius among common cyprinid groups of Southeast Asia. At a larger scale, while the monophyly of Cyprinidae and the subfamily Cyprininae were confirmed, the monophyly of the tribe Barbinini, Cyprinini, or Puntius (Systomus) were not supported.
Framing Effects in Political Decision Making: Evidence from a Natural Voting Experiment

This paper analyzes a recent ballot in which two virtually identical popular initiatives, both demanding a decrease in the legal age of retirement in Switzerland, led to differences in approval rates of nearly seven percentage points. Based on this unique natural experiment, the existence of emphasis framing effects is tested for and their determinants are identified outside of the controlled settings of laboratories. Nonetheless, the analyzed setting allows for considerably more control than usually available in the field: All party, government and interest group recommendations were symmetric for both initiatives, and the simultaneous vote rules out potential variation of individual preferences and compositional changes of the electorate over time. Using community and individual level data it is shown that the difference in approval rates is largely due to the different emphases in the initiatives' titles.
Determination of critical pH and Al concentration of acidic Ultisols for wheat and canola crops

Abstract. Soil acidity has become a principal constraint in dry land crop production systems of acidic Ultisols in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, where winter wheat and canola are cultivated as important rotational crops. There is little information on the determination of critical soil pH as well as aluminium (Al) concentration for wheat and canola crops. The objective of this study is to determine the critical soil pH and exchangeable aluminium concentration (AlKCl) for wheat and canola production. Two pot cultures with two Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui (SE China) were conducted for wheat and canola crops in a controlled growth chamber. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) were used to obtain the target soil pH levels from 3.7 (Hunan) and 3.97 (Anhui) to 6.5. Plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of wheat and canola were adversely affected by soil acidity in both locations. The critical soil pH and AlKCl of the Ultisol from Hunan for wheat were 5.29 and 0.56 cmol kg−1, respectively. At Anhui, the threshold soil pH and AlKCl for wheat were 4.66 and 1.72 cmol kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, the critical soil pH for canola was 5.65 and 4.87 for the Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui, respectively. The critical soil exchangeable Al for canola cannot be determined from the experiment of this study. The results suggested that the critical soil pH and AlKCl varied between different locations for the same variety of crop, due to the different soil types and their other soil chemical properties. The critical soil pH for canola was higher than that for wheat for both Ultisols, and thus canola was more sensitive to soil acidity. Therefore, we recommend that liming should be undertaken to increase soil pH if it falls below these critical soil pH levels for wheat and canola production.
NOVEL HYDROGEN-FREE TREATMENT OF SODIUM METAL MIXED WASTE BY METAL OXIDE MITIGATION OF SODIUM (MOMS) PROCESS

The chemical stabilization of mixed-waste sodium metal resulting from the decommissioning of sodium-cooled breeder reactors, as well as other sources, is a present and future concern for the U.S. Department of Energy and other countries. Standard treatments are reviewed and generally produce the flammable byproduct hydrogen or other flammable gases causing a possible safety concern. A novel hydrogen-free process was developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington for treating sodium metal wastes. The process called Metal Oxide Mitigation of Sodium, or MOMS, converts the alkali metal into a non-hazardous, or less hazardous product for solid waste disposal. Candidate metal oxide feed materials were selected for testing based on thermodynamic data. Laboratory testing resulted in selecting magnetite and silica as the most promising candidate feed materials. These two have been demonstrated to react to completion under optimized conditions, with no trace of sodium metal remaining in the solid reaction product. The magnetite reaction forms a sodium iron oxide compound plus iron metal while the silica feed material forms a sodium silicate plus silicon metal as the resulting product. The reactions are as follows:
Morphometric characters and meristic Counts of a Fish, Crossocheilus latius latius (Hamilton-Buchanan) from Ranjit Sagar Wetland, India

Morphometric characters and meristic count of a fish, Crossochelius latius latius (Hamilton-Buchanan) have been studied from Ranjit Sagar Wetland. Monthly sample collection of Crossochelius latius latius was conducted for the study of morphometric characters and meristic counts. Eighteen characters have been studied in percentage of total fish length from which thirteen characters were genetically controlled, four characters were intermediate and one character was environmentally controlled. In percentage of head length all characters were genetically controlled. The meristric characters were counted and to draw fin formula of this fish. Some variation in the count of branched and unbranched fin rays have been observed. However positive correlation has been observed between total length and external body parts. Thus, population appeared to be relatively uniform as revealed by morphometric characters, thus considered as isometric growth.
Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulated Learning

The psychometric properties and multigroup measurement invariance of scores on the Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulated Learning Scale taken from Bandura's Children's Self-Efficacy Scale were assessed in a sample of 3,760 students from Grades 4 to 11. Latent means differences were also examined by gender and school level. Results reveal a unidimensional construct with equivalent factor pattern coefficients for boys and girls and for students in elementary, middle, and high school. Elementary school students report higher self-efficacy for self-regulated learning than do students in middle and high school. The latent factor is related to self-efficacy, self-concept, task goal orientation, apprehension, and achievement.
Determinants of banks' engagement in loan securitization ⁄

This paper provides new insights into the use of loan securitization. We analyze collateralized loan obligation (CLO) transactions by European banks from 1997 to 2004 and try to identify the in∞uence that various flrm-speciflc and macroeconomic factors may have on an institution’s securitization decision. Our results suggest that loan securitization is an appropriate funding tool for banks with high risk and low liquidity. It may also have been used by commercial banks to indirectly access investment-bank activities and the associated gains. Regulatory capital arbitrage under Basel I does not seem to have driven the market. JEL-Classiflcation: G 21
MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS, YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE SORGHUM GENOTYPES, GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN RATES

In order to reduce total costs on farms and to sustain agricultural production, it is necessary to provide a new approach to this problem on a global level. The biomass of silage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] may replace maize, whose profitability decreases in semi-arid regions of the world. Growing forage sorghum as an alternative to silage maize and utilising smaller amounts of nitrogen allows using natural resources more rationally and increases production efficiency. A 2-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of using different amounts of nitrogen (low 105 kg ha -1 , intermediate 150 kg ha -1 and high 180 kg ha -1 ) on morphological traits (MT), yield (Y) and chemical composition of biomass (CCB) in Sudan grass (cv. Zora), forage sorghum (cv. NS-Džin) and their interspecies hybrid (cv. Siloking). The standard technology for the production of forage sorghum was applied and ammonium nitrate was applied to the soil before planting. Results indicated that these genotypes have a high yield potential for ground biomass. The genotype Siloking gave the highest ground biomass yield, 90.22 t ha -1 , and the genotype Zora the lowest, 85.41 t ha -1 . Yield variations were also significant in relation to nitrogen plant nutrition. The lowest average yield was in the control. In the year with more favourable rainfall distribution (2010), ground biomass yield (Y) was, on average, higher by about 15%. The genotype had the greatest influence on morphological traits. Intensified nitrogen plant nutrition caused an increase of stem length, stem mass and leaf mass, as well as an increase of leaf portion of total ground biomass. Nitrogen had a two-fold effect on the quality of biomass, as a bulk livestock feed, through an increased proportion of leaf in total ground biomass, and through higher total protein content. Using more intensive nitrate nutrition, the percentage of nitrogen-free extract (NFE) decreased.
HIV VACCINE IN A SMALL WORLD

The world has known about AIDS for more than a quarter of a century. During this time the disease has spread to every corner of the world and in the worst affected countries it has set back human progress by decades. Although advances have been made in slowing down the progress of the disease, no cure is in sight. The best hope for controlling the HIV/AIDS pandemic lies in the development of an effective HIV vaccine, however the cost of immunity will be high even for the wealthiest nations. With the greatest demand for vaccine in the countries least able to pay for them, good vaccination strategies will be required. In this work we present experimental results derived by using the HIVacSim model to evaluate effective options for providing HIV vaccine immunisation when available, to a population or group of individuals.
COMPARISON OF MODELS AND ESTIMATION OF MISSING PARAMETERS OF SOME MATHEMATICAL MODELS RELATED TO IN SITU DRY MATTER DEGRADATION

The aim of this study was to estimate missing parameters of the models such as the Orskov, Gompertz, Logistic and Richard models. These missing parameters for some models were estimated on the rapidly soluble fraction, the insoluble but potentially degradable fractio n and the partial potentially degradable fraction . No difference was found among the values of these parameters (P>0.05), except for the constant rate of degredation. Besides, other missing parameters of the models studied were: partial dry matter disappearance in rumen for the percent rate at time t (t p) and Rtp, rate of the partial dry matter disapparance in rumen at the time t p (t0, t25, t50, t75 and t95). These values and formulas for these values in different time intervals were also obtained. The second objective was especially on the comparison of the results of all tps (t25, t50, t75 and t95) and Rtps (Rt0, Rt25, Rt50, Rt75 and Rt95) in the models. The results of all t ps and Rtps in the models were compatible with each other (P>0.05). The thirth objective was to investigate the fit performance of the models for in situ degradation studies. Some criteria used with the purpose of evaluating performances of models studied were on the analysis of residual ( The Runs test and Durbin Watson) and goodness-of-fit (Residual Mean Square, the coefficient of determination and F-ratio). As a result of this study, while the Orskov model showed the best statistical performance and goodness of fit, the Richard model showed the worst. it is determined that the Gompe rtz model showed a systematic deviation from the data and is no t appropriate for describing in situ data.
Supplemental Polyethylene Glycol Influences Preferences of Goats Browsing Blackbrush

Supplemental polyethylene glycol (PEG) increases intake of foods high in tannins, but it is not known if PEG affects preference when herbivores forage on a variety of foods that differ in concentrations of macronutrients and tannins. We investigated how macronutrients, tannins, and PEG affected preferences of goats (Caprus hircus) for current season's and older growth twigs from the shrub blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.). In blackbrush, current season's twigs are higher than older twigs in macronutrients, but goats prefer older twigs because high levels of tannins in current season's twigs decrease preference. We conducted a pen trial and a paddock trial. During the 7-day pen trial, goats were offered current season's twigs and older twigs throughout the day. Eight goats were supplemented with 20 g PEG mixed with 100 g ground alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pellets, and 8 goats were supplemented with 100 g ground alfalfa pellets. Goats supplemented with PEG ate more current season's twigs than goats that did not receive PEG (P = 0.04). During the 17-day paddock trial, 10 goats were supplemented with 50 g PEG mixed with ground alfalfa/barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and 10 goats were supplemented with ground alfalfa/barley. Goats supplemented with PEG preferred current season's to older twigs, whereas PEG-unsupplemented goats preferred older to current season's twigs (P = 0.0001). Goats had equal preference for juniper (Juniperus osteosperma Torr.) trees (P = 0.243). Collectively, our findings show that supplemental PEG can change food preferences. DOI:10.2458/azu_jrm_v54i2_titus
What’s in a face (made of foods)? Comparing children’s and monkey’s perception of faces in face-like images of food

Arcimboldo images are pictorial stimuli composed of fruits, vegetables, and other objects arranged in a way to resemble human faces. These images were originally created by the artist Giuseppe Arcimboldo in the 16th century, but more recently have been used by psychologists and neuroscientists to explore perceptual processes among human adults. Past research has demonstrated that humans process these stimuli in a very similar manner to the processing of actual human faces. The present study investigated if children, rhesus monkeys, and capuchin monkeys also would holistically process these and similar-looking images as faces. After learning to classify training images as faces or foods, participants were presented probe trials of new food images, new face images, illusory images (i.e., Arcimboldo images and similar face-like images), and scattered images (i.e., those same images with critical pieces of the image rearranged to take away the sense of seeing a face), and they had to classify each image as a face or nonface. Three-and-a-half to five-year-old children reported seeing faces in the illusory stimuli significantly more than in the scattered images. Conversely, rhesus and capuchin monkeys were equally likely to classify the illusory stimuli and the scattered stimuli as faces. These results suggest that young children have a tendency to process stimuli more holistically when they resemble a face, whereas monkeys process these face-like images more locally.
Associação entre pico de fluxo da tosse, colonização bacteriana e estado nutricional em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cí­stica

Introdução: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre pico de fluxo da tosse (PFT), colonização bacteriana crônica e estado nutricional em crianças e adolescentes com Fibrose Cí­stica. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostra por conveniência composta por indiví­duos com FC (7-18 anos), cadastrados em um hospital de referência estadual. Foi avaliado o PFT por um medidor portátil de pico de fluxo expiratório. Dados clí­nicos, antropométricos e sobre colonização bacteriana foram colhidos nos prontuários. O estado nutricional foi classificado pelo percentil do í­ndice de massa corporal para a idade. Para a análise estatí­stica foram usados os testes: Shapiro-Wilk, Exato de Fisher, Teste T Student independente, Mann-Whitney e Correlação de Spearman. Foi considerado significante p<0,05. Resultados: Na caracterização da amostra, houve predomí­nio das seguintes caracterí­sticas: redução do PFT (82,35%), risco nutricional (70,6%), colonização bacteriana crônica (82,4%). Indiví­duos colonizados por Pseudomonas aeruginosa apresentaram maior percentual de redução do PFT (p=0,045). Conclusão: O pico de fluxo da tosse apresentou-se reduzido nas crianças e adolescentes com FC da amostra estudada, sendo essa redução mais acentuada nos indiví­duos colonizados por Pseudomonas aeruginosa do que naqueles colonizados por Staphylococcus aureus. A maioria dos indiví­duos apresentava-se em risco nutricional, mas não foi observada correlação entre estado nutricional e pico de fluxo da tosse.Palavras-chave: avaliação nutricional, infecção, fibrose cí­stica, tosse, pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Using of the generalized special relativity (GSR) in estimating the neutrino masses to explain the conversion of electron neutrinos

In this work the Generalized Special Relativity (GSR) is utilized to estimate masses of some elementary particles such as, neutrinos. These results are found to be in conformity with experimental and theoretical data. The results obtained may explain some physical phenomena, such as, conversion of neutrinos from type to type when solar neutrino reaches the Earth.
‘ Omics ’ approaches in tomato aimed at identifying candidate genes for ascorbic acid accumulation in the fruit

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetables in the world with significant importance for human health and nutrition. This species has long served as model system for plant genetics, development, physiology, pathology, and fleshy fruit ripening, resulting in the accumulation of many genetic and genomic resources. In addition, the tremendous development of high-throughput technologies, such as transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics, collectively denoted as ‘omics’ technologies, has led to a huge collection of data and platforms today available on the net. Nowadays, identifying all the components of a single biological system is within our means; however, assigning function to genes, proteins and metabolites is still a daunting task. Major challenges include interpretation and integration of large datasets to understand the principles underlying the regulation of genes, metabolites and proteins, and how their combined interactions associate with variation in phenotype. In this review, we will focus on the role of the different high-throughput technologies in enhancing tomato breeding particularly for fruit quality traits. We also describe how two ‘omics’ approaches could be combined in order to identify candidate genes for the genetic control of ascorbic acid accumulation in tomato fruit. We report the example of transcriptomic and genomic approaches established on the use of different high-throughput platforms available for tomato.
An Empirical Examination of the Impact of Corporate Governance Measures and Capital Structure on Firm Profitability in Pakistan

The rationale of the study is to observe the influence of corporate governance measures and leverage on the non-financial firms profitability. Panel econometric method ordinary least squares used to examine the impact of capital structure and corporate governance measures on the profitability of non-financial companies regularly traded on the Karachi Stock Exchange Pakistan for the period of 2008-2012. Empirical results for capital structure explored negative relation with return on assets. This inverse association between leverage and firm profitability shows that agency problem may lead the companies to use excessive than suitable levels of external debt in capital structure. Moreover, results for the ownership concentration and board size are statistically significant and directly related to firm profitability while, CEO duality is also significant but inversely associated to firm profitability. Possibly this may be the first research study on this issue by using the most recent data set non-financial firms from Pakistan. Keywords: Corporate governance measures, Capital structure, Firm profitability, Karachi Stock Exchange, Non-financial firms.
Mechanisms of North Atlantic Wintertime Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

The authors address the question: What are the oceanic mechanisms that control North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies? The approach is to examine the sensitivity dynamics of a non-eddy-resolving North Atlantic Ocean general circulation model (GCM) using its adjoint. The adjoint GCM yields the sensitivity of end-of-winter SSTs to the prior ocean state and prior air‐sea forcing over a seasonal cycle. Diagnosis of the sensitivity results identifies the oceanic mechanisms involved in controlling SST anomalies. The most effective way to alter SST is to change the local, contemporaneous air‐sea heat flux. Wind stress and freshwater perturbations are ineffective over one year. Upstream, wintertime heat flux anomalies can cause SST fluctuations in the following winter but heat flux anomalies during summer weakly affect subsequent end-of-winter SSTs. The dominant mechanism is the end-of-winter detrainment of warmer or colder water and its subsequent entrainment downstream into the mixed layer the next winter. This process is more effective in the midlatitude and subpolar North Atlantic where deep winter mixed layers occur, than in the tropical‐subtropical regions, which are characterized by a shallow mixed layer and a weak seasonal cycle. Mean-flow advection in the seasonal thermocline of the North Atlantic Current is moderately important in the subpolar gyre. Dynamical mechanisms, such as planetary waves and anomalous currents, are much less important over one year. The GCM results indicate that internal ocean anomalies forced by remote heat fluxes do affect SST variability. But, overall, contemporaneous winter heat flux anomalies are 3‐30 times more effective at causing SST anomalies than heat flux anomalies from the previous winter. The loss of sensitivity to prior air‐sea fluxes suggests that North Atlantic SST fluctuations are thus primarily a response to local, recent forcing.
Anatomical variations of the cystic artery : comparison of corrosion liver casts and laparoscopic cholecystectomies

Purpose: Thorough knowledge about the origin of cystic arteries is very important for carrying out safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Numerous studies have tried to classify its origin based on carrying out laparoscopic cholecystectomies. We tested the accuracy of similar studies that classified anatomical variations of the origin of the cystic artery based on laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Methods: We studied the arterial supply to the gallbladder in 220 patients treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and compared it with our older study of 81 livers removed from cadavers. We also compared our results with those of similar studies. Results: The study revealed many anatomical variations. Different variations were divided into three groups: Calot’s triangle type, outside Calot’s triangle, and compound type. Some of Izvleček