Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding EFL Students' Errors in Writing.

Writing is the most difficult skill in English, so most EFL students tend to make errors in writing. In assisting the learners to sucessfully acquire writing skill, the analysis of errors and the understanding of their sources are neccessary. This study attempts to explore the major sources of errors occurred in the writing of EFL students. It also investigates the types of errors and the linguistic level that presents the most errors in their writing. Forty narrative essays composed by Thai university students were collected and analysed. Results showed that the mostly frequent types of errors were translated words from Thai, word choice, verb tense, preposition, and comma. The errors derived from two sources: interlingual and intralingual. Interlingual or native language interference was found to be the dominant source of errors. This study provides pedagogical implications for EFL instructors. Instructors should pay attention to the influence of learners’ native language.
MEDSLIK-II, a Lagrangian marine surface oil spill model for short-term forecasting - Part 2: Numerical simulations and validations

Abstract. In this paper we use MEDSLIK-II, a Lagrangian marine surface oil spill model described in Part 1 (De Dominicis et al., 2013), to simulate oil slick transport and transformation processes for realistic oceanic cases, where satellite or drifting buoys data are available for verification. The model is coupled with operational oceanographic currents, atmospheric analyses winds and remote sensing data for initialization. The sensitivity of the oil spill simulations to several model parameterizations is analyzed and the results are validated using surface drifters, SAR (synthetic aperture radar) and optical satellite images in different regions of the Mediterranean Sea. It is found that the forecast skill of Lagrangian trajectories largely depends on the accuracy of the Eulerian ocean currents: the operational models give useful estimates of currents, but high-frequency (hourly) and high-spatial resolution is required, and the Stokes drift velocity has to be added, especially in coastal areas. From a numerical point of view, it is found that a realistic oil concentration reconstruction is obtained using an oil tracer grid resolution of about 100 m, with at least 100 000 Lagrangian particles. Moreover, sensitivity experiments to uncertain model parameters show that the knowledge of oil type and slick thickness are, among all the others, key model parameters affecting the simulation results. Considering acceptable for the simulated trajectories a maximum spatial error of the order of three times the horizontal resolution of the Eulerian ocean currents, the predictability skill for particle trajectories is from 1 to 2.5 days depending on the specific current regime. This suggests that re-initialization of the simulations is required every day.
Determine the Effects of Long Term Playing Soccer on Lumbar Spine Degeneration: A Preliminary Study Uzun Süre Futbol Oynamanin Bel Omurlarindaki Dejenerasyona Etkisi: Başlangiç Çalişmasi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long term playing soccer on the lumbar spine degeneration. Fifty six subjects participated in this study. Four groups which were active soccer players, veteran soccer players and their control groups were organized to measure their lumbar spine degeneration. Isokinetic trunk muscle strength, radiological examinations of lumbar and spinal flexibility were measured in order to examine the degree of degeneration of subjects. Isokinetic trunk strength was measured with the Biodex System Dynamometer. Plain lateral radiographs were performed by using Kellegren and Lawrence score to determine the presence of degenerative changes of each lumbar vertebra and spinal fl exibility was measured by a modified Schober test. Results
Attraction of Idioscopus clypealis (Leith) (Cicadellidae: Homoptera) to Sticky Colored Traps in Mango Orchard

The present study was conducted at the Faiz Chaman mango orchard, Multan to find out the attraction of mango hopper Idioscopus clypealis to sticky traps of different colors. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block designed with three replications. The sticky traps were hung vertically with the branch/twig under the canopy of mango trees. Data were recorded under binocular stereoscope. Results indicated significant differences in the number of I. clypealis (adults) captured in the different colored sticky traps. Yellow color was found most attractive with a capture of highest number of adults of I. clypealis (11.53 adults/trap). While pink and purple colors were found less attractive. The peak population of mango hoppers was recorded at the 31.96&degC during 25-April to 9-May. Yellow sticky traps were found most effective in trapping a considerably higher number of hoppers throughout the study period. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between temperature and the mean number of I. clypealis adults. Population peaks of I. clypealis were recorded at temperatures >30&degC, while at lower temperatures relatively low numbers of adults were recorded.
Effects of Sown Season and Maturity Stage on In vitro Fermentation and In sacco Degradation Characteristics of New Variety Maize Stover

The effects of seedtime and maturity stage on nutritive value of five maize stover varieties, including conventional maize (Kexiangyu 11, CM), fodder maize (Huqing 1, FM), high oil maize (Gaoyou 115, HOM), sweet maize (Kexiangtianyu 1, SM) and waxy maize (Kexiangluoyu 1, WM), were examined based on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and in situ incubation techniques. Maize stover was sampled at d 17 and d 30 after tasseling, and designated as maturity stage 1 and stage 2, respectively. The average dry matter (DM) organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and fiber contents were the greatest for HOM, SM and FM, respectively. CM had the highest in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. The highest ammonia nitrogen (-N) concentration in the incubation solution, and effective degradability of DM () and neutral detergent fiber () were observed in SM. Advanced maturity stage increased (p and , but decreased (p-N concentration in the incubation solution and , but lower (pseedtime was observed running through almost all chemical composition, in vitro gas production parameters and in situ DM and NDF degradability. The overall results suggested that SM had the highest nutrient quality, and also indicated the possibility of selecting maize variety and seedtime for the utilization of maize stover in ruminants.
Incidence of Fusarium wilt of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) in Kashmir valley and its management by Trichoderma spp.

An extensive field survey was conducted in five major vegetable growing areas of district Anantnag and Kulgam of Kashmir valley (temperate region of India) during April to May 2013. The Fusarium wilt disease was first noticed in nursery during transplantation and was found maximum during flowering/fruiting stage. Redwani Payeen village of district Kulgam showed maximum disease incidence of 6% and 40% during transplanting and flowering/fruiting stage, respectively. Bangidar village of Anantnag district showed 4% and 24% disease incidence during transplanting and flowering/fruiting stages, respectively. During the survey, eleven isolates of Fusarium solani viz., C1-C11 and ten of Trichoderma harzianum viz. Tr 1, Tr 2, Tr 3, Tr 4, Tr 6, Tr 8 Tr 10, Tr 11, Tr 12 and Tr 16 were isolated from infected roots, shoots and rhizopheric soils of healthy plants. All the isolates of Trichoderma species significantly inhibited the growth of F. solani , but isolate Tr16 exhibited the maximum inhibition of 77% followed by Tr11 (72%) and Tr08 (68%) in dual culture technique, whereas Tr 8 showed maximum inhibition of 89% followed by Tr 2 (78%) and Tr 3 (56%), respectively, in volatile tests.
Dynamics of a Predator-Prey System with a Mate-Finding Allee Effect

We consider a ratio-dependent predator-prey system with a mate-finding Allee effect on prey. The stability properties of the equilibria and a complete bifurcation analysis, including the existence of a saddle-node, a Hopf bifurcation, and, a Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations, have been proved theoretically and numerically. The blow-up method has been applied to investigate the structure of a neighborhood of the origin. Our mathematical results show the mate-finding Allee effect can reduce the complexity of system behaviors by making the complicated equilibrium less complicated, and it can be a destabilizing force as well, which makes the system has a high possibility of being threatened with extinction in ecology.
Trends in global shared fisheries

Shared fisheries involve fish that are caught in the marine waters of more than one country, or in the high seas. These fisheries are economically and biologically significant, but a global picture of their importance relative to total world fisheries catch and economic value is lacking. We address this gap by undertaking a global-scale analysis of temporal trends in shared fisheries species catch and landed value from 1950 to 2006. We find that (1) the number of countries participating in shared fisheries has doubled in the past 55 yr; (2) the most commonly targeted shared species have shifted from those that were mainly restricted to the North Atlantic to species that are highly migratory and are distributed throughout the world; (3) countries which account for the highest proportion of global shared fish species catch and landed value tend to be large industrial fishing powers, whereas those which are most reliant on shared fisheries at a national scale are mainly smaller developing countries. Overall, our findings indicate the increasing need to accommodate a greater number and diversity of interests, and also consider equity issues in the management and allocation of internationally shared fishery resources.
THE RELEVANCE OF TRANSLATION STUDIES

Most translation theorists today would like to see translation studies firmly established as an independent discipline which, although it draws on insights from other disciplines, should be subsumed under none, (Hatim and Mason, 1990; Snell-Hornby, 1988; Bassnett-McGuire, 1980). The discipline which the majority translation theorists draw on most heavily is linguistics — indeed many books on translation theory and/or practice take the form of expositions of their authors' favourite linguistic theories plus explanations of how translators can profitably draw on them — although most also acknowledge the need to incorporate insights from areas such as philosophy, sociology, psychology, anthropology, semiotics, etc, as well. Gutt (1991) perceives a possible conflict between the quest for independent status and the perceived need to draw on other fields. He suggests that the latter has resulted in the disintegration of translation studies rather than its unification. There is, apparently, not a single theory of translation, but many, and this multiplicity goes hand in hand with an apparent inability on the part of translation theorists to agree on what is to count as 'translation'. At a certain level of theorising, this is probably unavoidable, (compare 'literary studies'; language studies; etc). It can also be fruitful in so far as it stimulates debate. In addition, it is clearly possible to isolate a number of phenomena around which discussion tends to centre, and this seems to belie the idea that translation studies is unhealthily fragmented. Indeed it is difficult to see how Gutt could have arrived at his thesis
Growth and survival of Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier 1797) paralarvae fed on three Artemia-based diets complemented with frozen fish flakes, crushed zooplankton and marine microalgae

During one month, paralarvae of common octopus ( Octopus vulgaris ) were fed 3 different diets: (1) Artemia sp. enriched with Isochrysis galbana (AI) complemented with sand eel ( Hyperoplus lanceolatus ) flakes (AH); (2) Artemia sp. enriched with crushed marine zooplankton (AZ); and (3) Artemia sp. cultured with Isochrysis galbana and further enriched with the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. (AN). The highest dry weight (1.6179±0.3861 mg) was registered with the AN diet and the best average survival (67.0%) with the AZ diet. Considering the highest dry weight obtained, the moderate high survival and the fact that with this diet it was possible to attain the adult stage, the AN diet was the most appropriate. The reasons for the best result in growth observed with AN are discussed as: (1) the combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) provided by Isochrysis galbana and the high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content present in Nannochloropsis sp. ; (2) the fact that the higher protein/lipid ratio of this diet improves the final dry weight of the paralarvae; and (3) the fact that Nannochloropsis sp. could inhibit the harmful microflora growth in the rearing tank. Regarding nutritional aspects, DHA content per se is not the only determinant factor for growth and survival of O. vulgaris paralarvae, but the presence of a high protein/lipid ratio and a high phospholipid content in the diet could possibly explain the better quality and strength of the paralarvae.
The impact of external debt on economic growth in Kenya: An empirical assessment

A group of low-income countries classified as HIPCs have continued to experience difficulties in managing and servicing their huge stocks of external debt. Most of these countries including Kenya are in Sub-Saharan Africa. The relatively high level of Kenya's external indebtedness and rising debt burden has serious implications on the country's development and debt sustainability initiatives. While the economic performance continue to deteriorate, there has been significant net outflow of resources to meet the debt obligations in the 1990s.
Denoiser Properties An analysis

- The main role of a denoising algorithm is to remove noise, errors or perturbations from a signal. A lot of research has been achieved in this area and therefore today’s denoisers can effectively remove large amounts of additive noise. A compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm scheme seeks to recover a structured signal acquired using a relatively small number of randomized measurements. Typical CS reconstruction algorithms schemes can be cast as iteratively estimating a signal from a perturbed observation. There is an ongoing research on how to effectively employ a generic Denoiser in a CS reconstruction algorithm. The AMP reconstruction technique has proven to integrate with most denoisers (D-AMP)and offers an enhanced CS recovery performance while operating tens of times faster than competing methods. This paper seeks to look into an explanation of the exceptional performance of D-AMP by analyzing some of its theoretical properties and features.
Moisture damage evaluation using energy based responses

AbstractMonotonic Indirect Tensile tests were performed on asphalt concrete mixtures made of two different types of aggregates. Since the environmental condition is a determining factor in propagation of moisture damage, the effects of temperature and aging were also observed. Three levels of temperature including 4.4 °C, 21.1 °C and 37.8 °C were used in testing. In order to consider the effect of aging, part of the samples were aged according to AASHTO R 30-02 (2010). The parameters of fracture energy, elastic energy and dissipated creep strain energy were obtained for dry and moisture conditioned samples. The sensitivity of the responses to testing parameters was investigated using analysis of variance methods and visual inspections. According to the results, common energy responses cannot be used as realistic criteria to evaluate asphalt mixtures’ moisture damage. To overcome the inadequacy of common energy based responses, modified energy responses were defined using conventional energy based response.
The development of tools for network analysis in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)

The honey bee (Apis mellifera) has accompanied Man for thousands of years, and yet somehow, some aspects of this most studied of insects remain uncertain. To this day, details of the physiology, disease transmission, social organisation and behaviour of this animal are still unclear. The development of technology and computing and the use of tagging and automatic monitoring have already contributed in shedding light on some of the intricacies of sociality amongst insects. In this project, we hoped to develop further tools for the study of disease transmission though social networks in the honeybee, and shed some light on factors which might affect the behaviour of the bees in an experimental setting. Bees were exposed to Kashmir Bee Virus and Nosema ceranae spores, and we attempted to identify the route of transmission of the diseases to sets of uninfected bees. Induced defecation was attempted by exposing honey bee workers to various treatments. Finally, bees were exposed to infra-red and white light treatments in an observation hive in order to determine whether artificial light had an impact on honey bee movement and locomotor activity. Whilst we would have expected the Kashmir Bee Virus to be transmitted through food exchange, we found no evidence of such pathway. Similarly, bees infected with Nosema ceranae spores did not seem to infect other workers through trophallaxis. Induced defecation in worker bees was generally unsuccessful and more work needs to be carried out to identify whether a reliable method can be discovered. Preliminary results of the impact of lights on the activity of the bees in an observation hive support the hypothesis that lights do affect bees for a short period. This body of work should serve as a development of the tools needed for advanced studies of the social networks and exchanges in honey bee colonies.
Flexible Work Options and Mothers' Perceptions of Career Harm

Whether or not mothers, who often struggle with balancing work and parenting responsibilities, perceive that they face career harm in exchange for control over flexible work options at their jobs is an unanswered question. Using 2009 original data from a random-digit-dial telephone survey of 441 mothers located across the United States, this study focuses on how control over two latent variables measuring flexibility, flexible work arrangements (such as scheduling and place of work) and time-off options, influences mothers' career harm perceptions in a total of three work domains: (1) wages/earnings, (2) raises or promotions, and (3) job evaluations. We find perceptions of career harm among only one-fifth of mothers; in addition, control over time-off options reduced perceived career damage related to parenting duties. Mothers may have less to fear than previously hypothesized about the potential sacrifices they have to make when they have significant control over certain flexibility options.
Diesel spray formation, autoignition and soot production at elevated in-cylinder pressures

Through the combination of various optical diagnostic techniques an analysis has been undertaken of the effects of incylinder and injection pressures on the formation and combustion of diesel sprays at realistic automotive in-cylinder conditions. The results were obtained with high-speed video and phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) of the liquid phase, high-speed schlieren video of the vapour phase, high-speed video of autoignition and laser-induced incandescence (LII) of soot. Output results containing spray dispersion angles, droplet sizes and velocities, tip penetrations with time, autoignition delays and relative soot concentrations are presented offering an insight into the common rail diesel spray formation, mixing and combustion processes. The tests were performed on a single-cylinder 2.2 litre rapid compression diesel machine with optical access to the combustion chamber. A common rail injection system was used with an injector mounted with a single-hole nozzle. The injection pressure was varied from 60 to 160 MPa, the in-cylinder pressure and temperature at top dead centre from 2 to 10 MPa and from 540 to 720 K, respectively. The results obtained from the various optical measurement techniques were comb ined in order to produce a comprehensive observation of diesel spray development and combustion.
Serum lipid profile and liver enzymes of Rats fed Lageneria sphaerica (Wild bottle gourd) supplemented diet

The present study evaluated serum lipid profiles and liver enzymes activities of male albino rats fed Lageneria sphaerica supplemented diet. A total of forty two rats were used for this study. The rats were separated into three groups of thirteen rats each. Group I was fed with normal rat chow, group II was fed with 60% sample and 40% normal rat chow while group III was fed with 30% sample and 70% normal rat chow respectively. There was a significant decrease in weight (P<0.05) with increased sample supplementation in relation to control. From the results obtained, serum liver enzyme activities increased significantly (P<0.05) in group II animals as feeding period progressed. Values obtained for these serum liver enzymes were Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 31.88±3.47U/L to 37.38±3.42U/L, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 12.25±260U/L to 17.88±2.25U/L and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 519.47±95.01U/L to 483.86±62.09U/L respectively. Similar results were obtained for the group III rats. There were also significantly (P<0.05) increased serum triglyceride and total protein while serum cholesterol reduced significantly (P<0.05) in the test groups. From the results obtained, Lageneria sphaerica seed is a probable toxic seed and may not be suitable for consumption unless appropriate detoxifying methods are applied.
Biowastes Generation by Small Scale Cassava Processing Centres in Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

In Nigeria, about 70% of harvested cassava tubers are processed into gari, a toasted granule. Gari production in Nigeria is dominated by smallholders who use simple implements for cassava processing. Nigeria is the largest cassava producing nation in the world. It is suspected that significant amounts of wastes are generated during cassava processing. Hence, the study was designed to assess the amount of cassava processing wastes generated during the traditional processing of cassava to gari. Field study was embarked upon in December 2010. Triplicate samples were measured in eleven cassava processing centres in Wilberforce Island. Results show that for a given unit of raw cassava, gari yield is about 34% while generating 30%, 19.8% and 16.2% of solid, gaseous and liquid wastes respectively. The environmental impacts of cassava processing wastes were discussed. We therefore conclude that the traditional processing of cassava to gari generates several waste streams that could be converted to other useful products to prevent environmental impacts.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BILIMBI (Averrhoa bilimbi L.)1 VERA LÚCIA ARROXELAS GALVÃO DE LIMA2, ENAYDE DE ALMEIDA MÉLO3, LUECI DOS SANTOS LIMA4

The aimed of this work was to investigate the effects of maturity stages on the physicochemical characteristics of bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) which were cultivated in Recife-PE. During one year, the fruits were harvested from five different trees (unidentified variety) in mature and half-mature stages. They were analysed on total soluble solids (TSS), oxalic acid and vitamin C. Ripe fruits had the highest levels of TSS and vitamin C and lowest levels of oxalic acid, independently of weather conditions. The results showed that maturity stage influenced on physicochemical characteristics of bilimbi fruits.