Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of time-dependence on probabilistic seismic hazard maps and deaggregation for the central apennines, Italy

Abstract We produce probabilistic seismic-hazard assessments for the central Apennines, Italy, using time-dependent models that are characterized using a Brownian passage time recurrence model. Using aperiodicity parameters, α of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, we examine the sensitivity of the probabilistic ground motion and its deaggregation to these parameters. For the seismic source model we incorporate both smoothed historical seismicity over the area and geological information on faults. We use the maximum magnitude model for the fault sources together with a uniform probability of rupture along the fault (floating fault model) to model fictitious faults to account for earthquakes that cannot be correlated with known geologic structural segmentation. We show maps for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 1.0 Hz spectral acceleration (SA 1 ) on rock having 10% probability of exceedence in 50 yr. We produce maps to compare the separate contributions of smoothed seismicity and fault components. In addition we construct maps that show sensitivity of the hazard for different α parameters and the Poisson model. For the Poisson model the addition of fault sources to the smoothed seismicity raises the hazard by 50% at locations where the smoothed seismicity contributes the highest hazard and up to 100% at locations where the hazard from smoothed seismicity is low. For the strongest aperiodicity parameter (smallest α ), the hazard may further increase 60%–80% or more or may decrease by as much as 20% depending on the recency of the last event on the fault that dominates the hazard at a given site. In order to present the most likely earthquake magnitude and/or the most likely source-site distance for scenario studies, we deaggregate the seismic hazard for SA 1 and PGA for two important cities (Rome and L’Aquila). For PGA both locations show the predominance of local sources having magnitudes of about 5.3 and 6.5, respectively. For SA 1 at a site in Rome, there is significant contribution from local smoothed seismicity and an additional contribution from the more distant Apennine faults having magnitude around 6.8. For L’Aquila the predominant sources remain local. In order to show the variety of impact of different α values, we also obtained deaggregations for another three sites. In general, as α decreases (periodicity increases), the deaggregation indicates that the hazard is highest near faults with the highest earthquakes rates. This effect is strongest for the long-period (1 sec) ground motions.
Horses for Courses: Fund Managers and Organizational Structures

We model and test the relations between the team management of mutual funds, managers’ ability, performance, and holdings. Our model predicts that team-managed funds perform better and behave more conservatively than single-manager funds. However, the effect of team management is masked in equilibrium because high-ability managers rationally self-select into single-manager funds. Consistent with the model’s prediction, we find that team-managed funds perform better and deviate less from their benchmark allocations than single-manager funds with the same characteristics. These differences are marked after we control for the endogenous self-selection of managers.
Preparation of a cereal bar containing bocaiuva: physical, nutritional, microbiological and sensory evaluation

Regional fruit have been increasingly used in recent years in the preparation of foodstuffs because besides promoting the biome preservation, it is obtained differentiated and value-added products. This study aimed to prepare cereal bars containing pulp and kernel of bocaiuva and determine the nutritional quality, assess the acceptability, and microbiological quality. Two formulations of cereal bar were prepared with pulp dehydrated by osmoconvection and kernel of bocaiuva. The formulations were analyzed as for the texture, color analysis, proximate composition, fatty acids profile, mineral, microbiology and sensory evaluation. Cereal bars presented on average, in g 100 g -1 , 4.83 moisture, 8.01 protein, 12.93 lipids, 1.30 ash, 53.75 total carbohydrate, 19.78 fiber and 363.41 kcal 100 g -1 total caloric value. Bars represented a source of calcium and iron and had a high content of oleic acid, average of 20 g 100 g -1 total lipids. In the microbiological evaluation, cereal bars have met the standards set by the legislation, being suitable for consumption. As for the attributes evaluated in the sensory analysis, all showed mean values above 6, considered acceptable for consumption. The use of bocaiuva may contribute to highlight differentiated taste and appearance, emphasizing the use of native fruits in the preparation of new products.
Edmodo Use to Develop Saudi EFL Students’ Self-Directed Learning

This study aimed at exploring the effect of Edmodo use on developing Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ Self-Directed Learning (SDL). It employed a quasi-experimental design that included a one group design. The participants (n = 45) were all fifth level students at Languages and Translation Department, Arar Faculty of Education and Arts, Northern Border University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. They were pre-tested before the treatment by using the pre Personal Responsibility Orientation to Self-Direction in Learning Scale (PRO-SDLS). They were post-tested after the treatment by using the post PRO-SDLS. The researcher taught the participants during the treatment which based on allowing them to use Edmodo in carrying out a project. The results revealed that a statistically significant difference in the participants’ SDL between the pre PRO-SDLS and the post PRO-SDLS in favor of the post PRO-SDLS. Hence, it can be concluded that Edmodo helped the participants develop their SDL on the post PRO-SDLS. Some recommendations and suggestions for further research were included.
Large‐eddy simulation of the transient and near‐equilibrium behavior of precipitating shallow convection

Large‐eddy simulation is used to study the sensitivity of trade wind cumulus clouds to perturbations in cloud droplet number concentrations. We find that the trade wind cumulus system approaches a radiative‐convective equilibrium state, modified by net warming and drying from imposed large‐scale advective forcing. The system requires several days to reach equilibrium when cooling rates are specified but much less time, and with less sensitivity to cloud droplet number density, when radiation depends realistically on the vertical distribution of water vapor. The transient behavior and the properties of the near‐equilibrium cloud field depend on the microphysical state and therefore on the cloud droplet number density, here taken as a proxy for the ambient aerosol. The primary response of the cloud field to changes in the cloud droplet number density is deepening of the cloud layer. This deepening leads to a decrease in relative humidity and a faster evaporation of small clouds and cloud remnants constituting a negative lifetime effect. In the near‐equilibrium regime, the decrease in cloud cover compensates much of the Twomey effect, i.e., the brightening of the clouds, and the overall aerosol effect on the albedo of the organized precipitating cumulus cloud field is small.
Notes on nine biological indicators estimable from trawl surveys with an illustrative assessment for North Sea cod

This paper reviews a selection of nine indicators for assessing the biological state of a fish population monitored only by using trawl surveys in which catchability is assumed constant from time to time and place to place. The intention is to inform or remind of the range of possibilities and of associated practical and statistical issues. The indicators, grouped according to relationships with abundance, length, age, weight, and reproduction, are documented in a standard format covering estimation, interpretability, sensitivity, considerations for reference points where possible, and an example of their application. Lastly, selected indicators together with year-class curves fitted to abundance indices-at-age are applied to the North Sea cod to demonstrate the feasibility of an assessment based on only one trawl survey. Results support findings of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) working group on the assessment of demersal stocks in the North Sea and Skagerrak.
The relationship between hardiness and burnout among the teachers of the universities and higher educational institutes - case study

Burnout is the physical, mental and emotional collapse combined with the negative attitudes toward the job and lack of attention to the clients. The most significant signs of burnout include absence from work, successive delays and various psychosomatic complaints and conflict in the workplace. Hardiness is a personal characteristic adjusting the way to cope with the stressful situations. This study examines the relationship between burnout and hardiness of the teachers of a higher education institute. In doing so, there are three factors including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment which measure the burnout. Additionally, hardiness has three components of commitment, control and challenge. This survey aims at determining the relationship between the elements through correlation coefficient. The population is composed of all teachers of a higher education institute. The participants were 120 teachers. Given the unknown variance of the population, the variance ratio was equal to p (p-1) to specify the sample. The value of p was equal to q. The error (d) was equal to 0.05 and the sample size composed of 53 persons. After sampling and analyzing the results by the correlation coefficient, it was found that any of the burnout components werecorrelated with the three elements of hardiness. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
Dry-season retreat and dietary shift of the dart-poison frog Dendrobates tinctorius (Anura: Dendrobatidae)

Seasonal rainfall affects tropical forest dynamics and behavior of species that are part of these ecosystems. The positive correlation between amphibian activity patterns and rainfall has been demonstrated repeatedly. Members of Dendrobatidae, a clade of Neotropical dartpoison frogs, are well known for their habitat use and behavior during the rainy season, but their behavior during the dry season has received little attention. We studied habitat use and diet of the dendrobatid frog Dendrobates tinctorius in French Guiana during the rainy and dry seasons. Unlike many other dendrobatid frogs, D. tinctorius does not maintain territories for the entire rainy season. Both sexes colonize recently formed canopygaps and stay in these forest patches for only a few weeks. The frogs in these patches consume a great diversity of prey, consisting of ants, beetles, wasps, insect larvae, and mites. During the dry season, frogs move to retreat sites in mature forest, such as palm bracts and tree holes. The frogs are less active and consume fewer prey items in the dry season, and they consume fewer wasps and insect larvae, but more termites. Ants are the most common prey items during both the wet and dry seasons. We discuss the effects of shifts in seasonal habitat use on the territorial behavior of dendrobatid frogs.
Teachers’ Level of Adequacy and their Effectiveness in Implementing Curriculum in Public Primary Schools in Kakamega South District, Kakamega County, Kenya

The gist of the study was to examine teachers’ level of adequacy and their effectiveness in implementing curriculum in public primary schools in Kakamega South District, Kakamega County Kenya. The study was premised on the theory of supply and demand advanced by Hicks in 1986. A survey research design was adopted to guide the study. From a population of 68 primary schools in the study locale, simple random sampling technic was applied to select 23 primary schools to act as our sampling units. From each of the sampled school, 23 Headteachers and 69 members of school management Committee (SMCs) were purposively. One Quality Assurance and Standards Officer(QASO) was also included to yield a sample size of 93 for the study. Questionnaires previously piloted to determine their validity and reliability were used to collect data from Headteachers whereas the interview schedules were used to collect data from members of SMCs. Quantitative data generated through questionnaires were analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to generate descriptive statistics presented in frequency tables charts and percentages. Qualitative data generated through in-depth interviews were analyzed using interview transcription and thematic analysis and reported in direct quotes and narrative form. The major finding was that although enrollment in primary schools had escalated due to the introduction of free primary education (FPE) policy, there were inadequate teachers in the study locale due to the freeze by the Government of Kenya to recruit more teachers, retirement, natural attrition, and frequent transfers. This had made the average teaching load to increase from 32:1 in 1999 to 45:1 as of the time of the study. The conclusion was that despite the gains made in increasing pupils enrollment in primary schools in the study locale as a result of the introduction FPE policy , these gains were being eroded by the low quality of education being provided due to overstretched instructional resources and the overloaded teachers who were not effective in implementing curriculum. It was recommended that the Ministry of Education should allocate adequate funds to the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) to enable them recruit more qualified teachers and distribute them equitably in schools in Kakamega South District, Kakamega County, Kenya. [365 words ]. Key Words : Free primary Education, Primary Schools, Teachers, Adequacy and Equity, Kakamega South District, Kakamega County, Kenya.
Indonesian Efforts to Conserve Gembrong Goats

Gembrong goat are mainly found in eastern part of Bali Island, especially in the village of Tumbu, Karangasem. Throughout Indonesia these goats are found no more than 50 heads. This condition puts Gembrong goat in a critical status that indicates the need of emergency and quick action. The present study was carried out to assess the characteristic of this breed and to preserve it through some proposed action plan. Information was obtained by personal observation and discussion with the leader of farmer group. Body weight (BW) and various body measurement were taken from 15 head of Gembrong goat. In general, the color of Gembrong goat body is white, or partly brown or solid brown. The average body weight is of 23.2 kg for females and 30.7 kg for males. The averages Body length of males is 60 cm, height 58.2 cm, and 14.4 cm ear length in males, and in females body length is 56.2 cm, height 55.1 cm and ear length 14.2 cm. To preserve Gembrong goat population from extinction collaborative activities is needed, namely: (1) multiplication of existing Gembrong goat population, (2) Rescuing animal genetic material and (3) up-grading female Kacang goat with Gembrong male goat as to achieve 99% Gembrong goat genetic composition.
Influential Factors and Their Correlation on Student Imagination

This study aimed to analyze what influential factors could stimulate imagination of design students in different design phases and explore how these factors correlate with each other. The influential factors were categorized into two groups: environmental factors (i.e., physical component, human aggregate, organizational measure, and social climate) and psychological factors (i.e., facilitative motivation, generative cognition, positive emotions, inspiration through actions, self-efficacy, and stress/challenge). These effects are seen in the design process, especially in phase one (problem definition and design analysis) and with a lesser effect in phase three (detailed design and communication). Our results also showed that the social climate factor had a close relationship with the factors of positive emotion, stress/challenge, and self-efficacy. The correlation among the factors of stress/challenge, physical component, and human aggregate deserved additional attention, as those factors might have crucial implications to instructional strategies.
Why age and size at maturity have changed in Pacific salmon

Over the last few decades, the size at which Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. attains maturity has decreased in many populations, whereas the age at maturity has increased. Both fish- eries-induced evolution and environmentally-induced phenotypic plasticity could contribute to the changing age and size at maturity of Pacific salmon. We evaluated the potential for genetic changes in the maturation schedule of Japanese chum salmon using the probabilistic maturation reaction norm (PMRN) method. We found that the recent decrease in size at maturity, and increase in age at maturity, of Japanese chum salmon can be largely attributed to a phenotypic response to a reduced growth rate, but that fisheries-induced evolution should not be ruled out. Recent claims concerning fisheries-induced evolution of the maturation schedule are based on the decline in the age-specific body size at which the probability of maturing is 50%, a feature of PMRNs. However, the PMRN could change with changing environmental conditions. Therefore, a genetic change cannot be diagnosed only by the PMRN method.
Targeted Communication and Investor Attention

In the spirit of Merton (1987) we find that targeted communication by firms raises investor attention. Continental European firms using English-language commercial press wires to disseminate corporate press releases exhibit less drift and more trading volume after their earnings announcements than firms that do not, consistent with communication on English speaking wires raising investor attention. Continental European firms using English-language commercial press wires also receive more press coverage from the English-language business press, and attract more foreign institutional investors. Our results are robust to self-selectionand other endogeneity concerns. Our findings are consistent with the idea that a targeted communication strategy helps firms improve recognition from investors.
Growth and Dry Matter Productivity of Sugar Cane in Warm Temperate Zone of Japan

A field trial was conducted to analyze the growth characteristics and dry matter production of five sugar cane varieties in the Setouchi area which belongs to the Southwestern warm temperate zone of Japan with a warmth index of 120. Slow growth for one month after planting which was observed in all the varieties used may be ascribed to a specific characteristic of sugar cane that requires a long period of time for starting active growth after sprouting. Monthly increment of stem number per hill was not correlated with the changes in the daily mean air temperature, presumably, because the stem number is a parameter which is affected by internal factors, and reflects the natural plant type in all the varieties. Stem weight type NiF3 and stem number type NiFS varieties produced a higher dry matter yield, and no significant differences between-NiF3 and NiF5 were observed. However, NiF3 fare the maximum digestible dry matter yield. The length of the warm period for sugar cane growth is the main limiting factor for sugar cane cultivation there . Thus, the growth characteristics at the early growth stage were studied to enhance the production . Sugar cane showed a higher dry matter weight as compared with C4 crops at the early stage of growth. However , the relative growth rate (RGR) of sugar cane was comparatively low presumably due to the very low leaf area ratio associated with the very low specific leaf area, in spite of the higher net assimilation rate. On the basis of these results , it was considered that the stem weight type of sugar cane is suitable for forage production in the Southwestern warm temperate zone of Japan such as the Setouchi area. Moreover, sugar cane varieties with a high leaf growth rate at the early growth stage should be used to enhance the utilization of dry matter production within the short growth period in such a zone.
Do Households Gain from Community-Based Natural Resource Management? An Evaluation of Community Conservancies in Namibia

Community-based natural resource management is an important strategy to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and wildlife in Namibia. The authors examine the extent to which conservancies have been successful in meeting their primary goal of improving the lives of rural households. They evaluate the benefits of community conservancies in Namibia by asking three questions: Do conservancies increase household welfare? Are conservancies pro-poor? And, do participants in conservancies gain more relative to those who choose not to participate? The authors base their analyses on a 2002 survey covering seven conservancies and 1,192 households. The results suggest that community conservancies have a positive impact on household welfare. This impact is poverty-neutral in some regions and pro-poor in others. Further, welfare benefits from conservancies appear to be somewhat evenly distributed between participant and nonparticipant households.
Remote-sensing data processing with the multivariate regression analysis method for iron mineral resource potential mapping: a case study in the Sarvian area, central Iran

Abstract. This paper uses multivariate regression to create a mathematical model for iron skarn exploration in the Sarvian area, central Iran, using multivariate regression for mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM). The main target of this paper is to apply multivariate regression analysis (as an MPM method) to map iron outcrops in the northeastern part of the study area in order to discover new iron deposits in other parts of the study area. Two types of multivariate regression models using two linear equations were employed to discover new mineral deposits. This method is one of the reliable methods for processing satellite images. ASTER satellite images (14 bands) were used as unique independent variables (UIVs), and iron outcrops were mapped as dependent variables for MPM. According to the results of the probability value (p value), coefficient of determination value (R2) and adjusted determination coefficient (Radj2), the second regression model (which consistent of multiple UIVs) fitted better than other models. The accuracy of the model was confirmed by iron outcrops map and geological observation. Based on field observation, iron mineralization occurs at the contact of limestone and intrusive rocks (skarn type).