Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIRECTORATE FOR EDUCATION AND SKILLS SKILLS FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY : FINDINGS AND POLICY LESSONS FROM THE OECD SURVEY OF ADULT SKILLS OECD Education Working Paper No . 166

4 Résumé . 4 Introduction . 6 1. PIAAC and its predecessors . 6 2. Main themes investigated to date with PIAAC . 9 3. Main results and policy lessons from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills . 13 3.1. The transition from school to work . 13 Links between PISA and PIAAC . 14 3.2. The returns to skills . 16 3.3. Skills mismatch . 17 3.4. Skill use at the workplace . 18 3.5. Changing comparative advantage and Global Value Chains (GVCs) . 19 3.6. The fourth industrial revolution . 20 3.7. Lifelong learning . 22 3.8. Ageing-skills-productivity-wages . 23 3.9. Inequality . 25 3.10. Well-being . 26 4. Suggestions for the 2 nd cycle of PIAAC . 27 4.1. The need to incorporate an employer perspective on skills . 28 4.2. A revised measure of problem-solving skills . 28 4.3. Soft skills . 29 4.4. Links between PISA and PIAAC . 29 5. Concluding remarks . 30 References . 31
Sexual orientation , phonetic variation and the roots and accuracy of perception in the speech of Northern England English-speaking men

The vast majority of previous studies of sexual orientation and phonetic variation have been based on speakers and listeners from North America, playing into the tendency of social scientific theory to be founded solely on people from western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic societies (Henrich et al. 2010). This study takes a small step away from such practice, with speakers of Northern England English and listeners from a variety of cultural and linguistic backgrounds spanning multiple continents. The study explores (1) the effect of sexual orientation on speech production and how this interacts with style and exposure to LGBT people (2) the accuracy of perceptions of sexual orientation from the voice and how this interacts with style, exposure to LGBT people, listener linguistic and cultural background, segmental features and judgemental constraints. The first point of exploration was based on the speech of four gay and four straight men in conversation and read passage environments. The second point was explored using this data in a perceptual experiment. The results simultaneously support and go against previous findings. The lack of an effect of sexual orientation on /s/ duration and /s/ spectral skew and the presence of an effect on global pitch contradict North American findings (Gaudio 1994; Linville 1998; Munson et al. 2006b; Rendall et al. 2008; Smyth et al. 2003), whilst the effect on /s/ peak frequency offers them support (Linville 1998). /s/ standard deviation previously unexplored is found to be a good correlate. The effect of style on speech production is inconclusive and exposure makes no difference. Global pitch is the best correlate with perceptions of sexual orientation, going against Levon (2006) but supporting the more recent Levon (2007). /s/ duration is a correlate but in the opposite direction to North American findings (Levon 2006; Levon 2007; Smyth and Rogers 2002). /s/ spectral skew and /s/ peak frequency, both significant correlates, support previous findings (Mack and Munson 2012; Munson et al. 2006b; Smyth and Rogers 2002). Previously unexplored variables found to be good correlates are /s/ centre of gravity, /s/ standard deviation and /s/ kurtosis. Perceptual accuracy is a little greater than chance and, like most previous findings (Carahaly 2000; Linville 1998; Smyth et al. 2003), is much higher when judging straight speakers. Segmental features and forced-choice questions also significantly increase perceptual accuracy. Style and listener linguistic and cultural background have no effect and the effect of speaker and listener exposure is inconsistent.
On-the-Job Search , Human Capital Accumulation and Endogenous Firm Productivity

This paper studies the implications of human capital accumulation for firms’ decisions to invest in match-specific productivity. This brings a novel insight into the relationship between human capital accumulation and the equilibrium wage distribution. The paper extends a wageposting model of on-the-job search with learning-by-doing (Burdett et al., 2011) by introducing an investment choice in the firms’ problem. Since high-paying firms see their workers quit less often and attract more experienced workforce in equilibrium, they invest more in productive capacity; as they are more productive, they pay higher wages. This links the rate of human capital accumulation to the equilibrium distribution of firm productivities and wages. The model is solved numerically and it is shown that high rates of accumulation imply more disperse and positively skewed offer distributions, and have a quantitatively large effect. ∗I am grateful for the advice and support of Carlos Carrillo-Tudela and Melvyn Coles. The financial support from the Economics and Social Research Council (ESRC) is appreciated.
Do European Top Earners React to Labour Taxation Through Migration ?⇤

This paper studies the effects of top income tax rates on top earners’ migration, using a novel individual dataset on mobility representative of the entire population of 21 European countries. I exploit the differential effects of changes in top tax rates on individuals at different earnings levels. Top earners’ location choices are significantly affected by top income tax rates. The elasticity of the number of top earners with respect to the net-of-tax rate is between 0.1 and 0.3; it is above one for foreigners. Migration elasticities differ widely across member states, leading to different incentives to implement beggar-thy-neighbour tax policies within Europe. ⇤I am grateful to my advisor Thomas Piketty for invaluable guidance and comments throughout this project. I thank the International Institute of Public Finance for awarding this paper the Young Economist Award 2019. I greatly benefited from discussions with Camille Landais, Etienne Lehmann, Antoine Levy, Emmanuel Saez, Kurt Schmidheiny, Stefanie Stantcheva, Farid Toubal, Maria Ventura, Daniel Waldenstrom, Daniel Wilson and seminar participants at the Paris School of Economics, CRED, ECINEQ and the IIPF Congress in Glasgow. The analysis has been performed using a confidential access to micro-data granted by EUROSTAT. I am indebted to the London School of Economics and Paris School of Economics IT teams for their constant help and technical support regarding the estimation of the structural model. All remaining mistakes are mine. †Paris School of Economics, mathilde.munoz@psemail.eu. 1
Knowledge , Attitudes and Practices on Oral Rehydration Salt Solution for Diarrhoea among Mothers with Children under Five Years Old

Diarrhoea is the passage of loose or liquid stools three or more times per day or more frequent passage of stools than normal for the individual (World Health Organization [WHO], 2013). Diarrhoeal diseases have become the second leading cause of death among children under five years old (WHO, 2013). Nearly 1.3 million childhood deaths occur per year due to diarrhoea (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund [UNICEF] 2012) as a result of severe dehydration and fluid loss (WHO, 2013). Dehydration can be defined as loss of water and salts essential for normal body function (Oxford Medical Dictionary, 2017). As the major public health effort in management of diarrhoea, prevention and treating for dehydration is practiced and it has reduced the annual death rate. It can be primarily achieved by ensuring the children with diarrhoea are provided with more fluids during the acute episode. Using Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) solution combined with increased fluids have proven as very powerful interventions in preventing childhood deaths from diarrhoea (UNICEF, 2012). ORS is simple, inexpensive, easy and most effective primary intervention to treat dehydration (WHO, 2006). ORS is a glucose, citrate and salt mixture which is called as “Jeewani” in Sri Lanka. Composition of new ORS formula in grams per litre is Sodium Chloride 2.6, Potassium Chloride 1.5, Tri-sodium Citrate dehydrate 2.9, and Glucose anhydrous 13.5 (WHO, 2006). ORS is the immediate and best applicable step in effective home management of acute childhood diarrhoea (Chattopadhyay, 2008) and a simple proven intervention to prevent and treat dehydration due to diarrhoea (Munos et al., 2010). Dehydration from diarrhoea and vomiting threaten lives of children under five years old especially, in developing countries (Onwukwe et al., 2015).
Heavy Metals Concentrations in Roadside Dust of Different Traffic Density

This study investigated effect of vehicular emission on heavy metals levels along selected roads of different traffic densities in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Roadside dusts were randomly collected from both sides of the roads and digested. The digested sample solutions were then analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) for the determination of Pb, Cd, Zn and Ni concentrations. Replicate analyses were carried out on each sample. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range (DMR) test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the metals. The mean concentrations of the metals were found to follow the decreasing order: Pb > Zn > Ni > Cd. The road with significantly (P < 0.05) higher traffic density had significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of the metals investigated. There was significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between the metals. Key words : Heavy metals, Roadside, Dust, Traffic density
EFFECT OF NATURAL ASCORBIC ACID ON PERFORMANCE AND CERTAIN HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL VALUES IN LAYERSEXPOSED TO HEAT STRESS

A four week trial examined the effects of dietary vitamin C supplement (200 mg/kg) and heat stress on performance of layers and blood biochemical profile. Two levels of environmental temperatures: thermoneutral (TN, 22°C) and high temperature (HT, 32°C) and two levels of vitamin C supplement (without and with) were arranged in a factorial arrangement resulted in four dietary treatments on feed intake (FI), egg mass (EM), feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg shell strength (ESS) and blood hematology in one strain of layers (Hy-Line W-36) from 65 to 69 weeks of age. Four treatments were assigned to nine replicates with three hens per pen. Treatment 1 was a corn-soy control in TN, treatment 2 was control in HS, treatment 3 was control + 0.2 g/l ascorbic acid in TN and treatment 4 was control + 0.2 g/l ascorbic acid in HS. Hens which were subjected to TN environment had higher FI as compared to those which had subjected to HS environment (P < 0.05). Egg mass was not affected by vitamin C, temperature or their interaction (P > 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was affected by temperature but not with Vitamin C supplementation. Hens which were subjected to TN had better FCR as compared to those which were subjected to HS for weeks two, three, four and cumulative period (P≤0.01; P≤0.05; P≤0.01; P≤0.01, respectively). Hens which were subjected to HS had weaker shell strength at week two (P≤0.01), week four (P≤0.05) and cumulative period (P≤0.001). On the other hand, there was a significant interaction for vitamin C x Temperature at week three (P≤0.001). Vitamin C increased Na and P concentrations in serum (P≤0.05, P≤0.01, respectively) and decreased Ca and P concentrations as compared to those which were subjected to TN (P≤0.05, P≤0.05, respectively). It can be concluded that natural vitamin C did not have a major impact on cumulative performance or plasma mineral status.
STRUCTURE OF THE MOHO DISCONTINUITY BENEATH SOUTH KOREA FROM TRAVEL-TIME WAVEFORM ANALYSIS

The current study is intended to collect and process seismic waveform data, perform comprehensive 3-D tomographic inversions, and produce high-resolution 3-D crustal Pand S-wave velocity models for the South Korean peninsula. The current phase of our study is concerned with the analysis and archival of Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) waveform data from 2001 through 2006 and the mapping of the Moho discontinuity beneath the South Korean Peninsula. Phase arrival information from both, velocity and accelerometer sensors were collected. The analysis included 226 events throughout the region producing a total of 6,275 phase picks including Pg, Pn, Sg/Lg, and Sn phases. A total of 3,550 P-wave and 2,725 S-wave phases were identified. Using the combination of all available velocity and accelerometer data it was possible to estimate depth locations for 198 KMA events. The hypocenters were subsequently used to derive travel-time distance curves to appraise the quality of the travel-time picks. Static corrections were calculated for each seismic station within the KMA network to remove the effects of local inhomogeneities in the vicinity of each station. After applying static corrections to the observed travel-times, refracted P-wave phases along the Moho boundary were selected from the dataset to estimate the depth and topography of the Moho discontinuity. In total, 526 Pn phases were collected from the KMA data with hypocentral distances from 130 km to over 650 km. The resulting Moho topography reveals a slightly undulating interface with a large-scale dip from north (31 km) to south (38 km) and a depth range from 32 km in the east to 39 km in the south-west. On a smaller scale, a more pronounced depression is evident in the south-central part of the mapped area, which opens to the south. The presented results are corroborated by other studies which mapped the Moho interface using surface-wave dispersion and receiverfunction analysis. The present study is complementary to these earlier works, in that a different method and a different dataset generated comparable results. 29th Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies
Joana Alexandra dos Santos Oliveira de Magalhães Saraiva

The study of factors that contribute to understanding the motivation for recovery in eating disorders has been an increasingly important issue and focus in clinical literature. Treating these diseases is very difficult because, most of the times, patients are ambivalent regarding to treatment and lack motivation to change their behaviours. Drop out and failures to engage in treatment are very common. The concept of motivation to change (Mch) can be defined as the patients’ willingness to introduce any change, which leads to improvement in their disorder, and perform those actions necessary to achieve it. Numerous factors have been linked to motivation to change: greater severity of ED symptoms, the presence of depressive symptoms and low self-efficacy have been negatively related in Mch. There are few studies in which the target population are adolescents, but it was possible to identify that maturation fear and issues related to family have an important role in short time changes in this population. According to various authors, one of the greatest advantages of understanding and studying motivation and to identify factors that can promote it, is that it makes it possible to understand those diseases and to choose the best treatment for the patient. The main aims of the research presented in this thesis were to understand which factors contribute to motivation to change, to identify situations that the patient points out as crucial for change and to understand if motivation to change could predict treatment outcome. The original results presented in this thesis are discussed in the context of previous studies and clinical findings.
Tunable anisotropic behaviors in phosphorene under periodic potentials in arbitrary directions

We investigate theoretically the anisotropic electronic and optical behaviors of a monolayer black phosphorus (phosphorene) modulated by periodic potential superlattices in arbitrary directions. We demonstrate that different strength and orientation of the phosphorene potential superlattice can give rise to distinct energy spectra, i.e. tuning the intrinsic electronic anisotropy. Accordingly, the anisotropic effective mass, and optical absorption modulated by superlattice strength and orientation are addressed systematically. This feature enables tuning capability more than one order of magnitude in the optical absorption spectrum. Our findings should be useful in building phosphorene optical and (opto)electronic devices by applying external potential superlattice.
Physico-chemical characteristics of River Ganga at Chandighat in Haridwar 1

In the present investigation physico-chemical characteristics of river Ganga at Chandighat in Haridwar was studied during the period November 2008 to October 2009. Parameters studied were Temperature, pH, free CO2, D.O. , B.O. D, T.D. S. , Acidity, Alkalinity, Hardness, Calcium, Chlorides and Conductivity. Statistical analysis of the analytical data was computed in the table. KeywordsPhysicochemical parameter, River Ganga, Water quality --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 03-01-2018 Date of acceptance: 18-01-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Polymorphisms of the calpain and calpastatin genes in two populations of colombian creole sheep

Objetive. Characterize the genetic polymorphism type SNPs in the calpain (CAPN) and calpastatin (CAST) genes of Colombian creole hair sheep (OPC). Materials and methods. In 300 individuals belonging to two OPC subpopulations from the departments of Sucre (SC) and Valle del Cauca (VC) were genotyped by PCR-RFLP (MspI) for the CAST locus and by PCR-SSCP for the CAPN locus. The allelic and genotypic frequencies, the observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He), the fixation index (F) and the deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were calculated and a molecular analysis of variance to estimate the values of FST, FIS and FIT. Results. In the CAST locus, the MM genotype was the most frequent (83.9±1.1%), followed by the other genotypes (MN: 15.5±1.1, NN: 6.0±0.0%) and the allelic frequency of M (91.7±0.4%) exceeded that of N (8.3±0.4%). For the CAPN locus the heterozygous genotype (48.2±0.7%) was the most frequent, the other genotypes presented frequencies TT:44.7 ± 1.9 and CC:7.0 ± 1.4%. The T allele reached a frequency of 68.8±1.5% (C: 31.3±1.5%). Similar percentages of allelic and genotypic frequencies were found in the subpopulations. The He was less than the Ho in both loci, with negative values of F and deviations of EHW only in CAPN. All the variation found was due to differences within the individuals, with nonsignificant values (p>0.05) of FST, FIS, and FIT (0.002, -0.093 and -0.095, respectively). Conclusions. The loci studied has high variability, these results can be used for future gene-assisted selection plans to increase OPC productivity.
Bank Liquidity Risk Management and Supervision : Which Lessons from Recent Market Turmoil ?

The aim of the paper is to analyse the current liquidity risk management techniques and supervisory approaches, in order to identify how both could be improved in the light of the recent market turmoil caused by the sub-prime crisis and potential sources of instability directly connected with the ‘originate-to-distribute’ business model. Current liquidity risk models demonstrated to undervalue extreme events affecting funding and market risk in global scenarios. At the same time, regulatory and supervisory regimes continue to be nationally based and substantially differentiated, pointing out significant differences which, in some circumstances, could generate regulatory arbitrages, as well as the effectiveness of supervisory actions could be reduced. The research, therefore, intends to highlight the most significant features to consider in order to implement an effective liquidity risk management and to achieve a more integrated supervisory framework for global financial markets. In this perspective, the effort of a regulatory authority to validate the adoption of internal models for liquidity risk is also investigated. Last, the paper analyses the most important lessons concerning liquidity management from recent episodes of stress.
A Proposed Model for Determining the Customer ’ s Use of Mobile Banking Services in Saudi Arabia : Toward the Differential Role of Gender

Gender differences among users of mobile banking (m-banking) services are a key factor in segmenting this important market and making appropriate decisions. It is important, therefore, to examine the influence of gender as a basis for sound decision-making with regard to m-banking service strategies. This study develops a conceptual model to determine the customer's awareness effect and the influence of gender differences on customers’ intention to use m-banking services in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East in general. The model is based on an extended mobile banking model of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). The author uses a quantitative method in the form of a non-structured survey. A questionnaire was distributed in Saudi Arabia, and the responses were analyzed using SPSS and SEM with AMOS. The study provides evidence that user awareness, performance expectancy, and effort expectancy affect users’ intention to use m-banking, but that risk and the costs of use do not affect the use of mbanking. The study also finds that the gender factor does not play a role in the aforementioned variables.
Clovis Technology

Colonising hunter-gatherer populations in North and Central America at the end of the Pleistocene utilised Clovis technology. Clovis technology is known for ‘fluted’ flaked stone points that were used to hunt prey and served as knives, but it also included the production, use and discard of a diversity of other implements made from stone, bone and other materials. Clovis technology lasted for several centuries, perhaps as long as a millennium and a half. Clovis technology shares some similarities with Siberian Paleolithic technology, which is consistent with current genetic evidence, indicating that ancestors of the people using Clovis technology originated in Asia. Clovis technology, as archaeologists generally recognise it, likely emerged piecemeal as people dispersed into the New World – some aspects of it can be tied to ancestry in Siberia, while other aspects are likely indigenous to North and Central America. Several studies have shown that Clovis technology was subjected to both microand macroevolutionary forces.
Tilburg University Manipulating uncertainty

When answering factual questions, speakers can signal whether they are uncertain about the correctness of their answer using prosodic cues such as fillers (“uh”), a rising intonation contour or a marked facial expression. It has been shown that on the basis of such cues, observers can make adequate estimates about the speaker’s level of confidence, but it is unclear which of these cues have the largest impact on perception. To find the relative strength of the three aforementioned cues, a novel perception experiment was performed in which answers were artificially manipulated in such a way that all possible combinations of the cues of interest could be judged by participants. Results showed that while all three factors had a significant influence on the perception results, this effect was by far the largest for facial expressions.