Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software-reliability growth with a Weibull test-effort: a model and application

Software reliability measurement during the testing phase is essential for examining the degree of quality or reliability of a developed software system. A software-reliability growth model incorporating the amount of test effort expended during the software testing phase is developed. The time-dependent behavior of test-effort expenditures is described by a Weibull curve. Assuming that the error detection rate to the amount of test effort spent during the testing phase is proportional to the current error content, the model is formulated by a nonhomogeneous Poission process. Using the model, the method of data analysis for software reliability measurement is developed. This model is applied to the prediction of additional test-effort expenditures to achieve the objective number of errors detected by software testing, and the determination of the optimum time to stop software testing for release. >
The TauP Toolkit: Flexible Seismic Travel-Time and Raypath Utilities

INTRODUCTION The calculation of travel times and ray paths of seismic phases for a specified velocity model of the Earth has always been a fundamental need of seismologists. In recent years, the number of different phases used in analysis has been growing, as has the availability of new Earth models, especially models developed from detailed regional studies. These factors highlight the need for versatile utilities that allow the calculation of travel times and ray paths of (ideally) any conceivable seismic phase passing through (ideally) arbitrary velocity models. The method of Buland and Chapman (1983) provides significant progress toward this need by allowing for the computation of times and paths of any rays passing through arbitrary spherically symmetric velocity models. The implementation of this method through the ttimes software program (Kennett and Engdahl, 1991) for a limited number of velocity models and a standard set of seismic phases has been widely.
Personal Information Management vs. Resource Sharing: Towards a Model of Information Behaviour in Social Tagging Systems

Social tagging systems allow users to upload and assign keywords to digital resources. Thus a body of user annotated resources gradually evolves: Users can share resources, re-find their own resources or use the systems as search engines for items added by the whole user population. In this paper we want to contribute towards a better understanding of usage patterns within social tagging systems by presenting results from a survey of 142 users of the systems Flickr, Youtube, Delicious and Connotea. Data was gathered partly by using the Mechanical Turk service, and partly via an announcement on the Connotea blog. Our study reveals differences of user motivation and tag usage between systems. While (resource) sharing emerges as an all-embracing intra-system motivation, users differ with respect to social spheres of sharing. Based on our results which we integrated with earlier research from Cool and Belkin (2002), we propose a model of information behaviour in social tagging systems.
TIA-INAOE's Participation at ImageCLEF 2007

This paper describes the participation of INAOEs research group on machine learning, image processing and information retrieval (TIA) in the photographic retrieval task at ImageCLEF2007. Many experiments were performed comprising most of the query and target languages proposed for this years competition. A web-based query expansion technique was proposed for introducing context terms in the query topics. An intermedia blind relevance feedback technique was adopted in some runs for query refinement. Furthermore, experiments were performed with a novel technique for query/document expansion based on automatic image annotation methods. Initial experimental results give evidence that this idea could help to improve eectiveness of retrieval methods, though several issues should be addressed.
Energy efficient protocols for wireless systems

Energy efficiency is crucial for wireless networks due to the limited battery life of mobile terminals. Power conservation techniques are commonly used in the hardware design of such systems. In addition, a low-pouter design of the entire protocol stack of wireless systems can significantly enhance energy efficiency and network utilization. This paper discusses recent advances and contributes novel ideas on power adaptive design of networking protocols.
Fairness on the Internet and its Importance in Development Context

The notion of fairness with respect to resource sharing among the competing flows is one of the important considerations in network design. This is true in particular for IP networks (which are the foundation of the Internet), where the service model is based on best effort and any possible distortion of it may lead to flow starvation and eventually system imbalances. In fact, fairness should be one of the major objectives both on a network layer and transport layer. This is evident in the case of elastic flows such as TCP, where fairness may have a major impact on congestion resolution. On a network layer, fairness mechanisms combined with scheduling and queuing policies lead to equitable service, which may also induce higher router utilization and hence better network performance. The paper investigates the current trends in understanding and applying the fairness concept on the Internet and hence in heterogeneous networks. Then it studies and examines the extension of the fairness concept in the context of development and developing regions, where both the traditional lack of infrastructure and costly communication services have also affected the penetration of the Internet and more even distribution of its benefits. The key question is whether or not it is plausible to identify a framework for the evaluation of efficiently-fairness tradeoffs that may provide a sound basis for a model of a more equitable access to the Internet to a diversity of users with different needs and financial possibilities representing mainly developing regions and emerging economies. Keywords: Fairness, efficiency, Internet, resource sharing, hetrogenous networks
Boundary tension of 2D and 3D Ising models

A simple route to determine the boundary tension of Ising models is proposed. As pointed out by Onsager, the boundary tension is an important quantity since it vanishes at the critical temperature and can thus be used to determine the critical temperature. Here we derive expressions for the boundary tension along various high symmetry directions of the anisotropic square and triangular lattices. The exact results by respectively Onsager (Phys. Rev. 65, 117 (1944)) for the anisotropic square lattice and by Houtappel (Physica 16, 435 (1950)) for the anisotropic triangular lattice are reproduced. Subsequently, we will apply our method to Ising models that have not been exactly solved yet. Valuable results are obtained for the 2D square Ising lattice with nearest and weak next‐nearest neighbour interactions as well as for the strongly anisotropic 3D Ising lattice.
Exploring factors affecting the achievement of different types of inter-organisational systems (IOS) benefits

The adoption of inter-organisational system (IOS) has become important for many organisations to increase the efficiency of their business operations and to stay competitive. IOS adoption offers significant benefits to organisations at various levels including operational, tactical and strategic levels. While previous studies have identified a number of factors that affect the achievement of IOS benefits by organisations, little is known about the relationships between these factors to the achievement of different types of IOS benefits. In this study, we use two case studies in large Australian pharmaceutical and grocery manufacturing companies to demonstrate that there is a relationship between factors and types of benefit. A number of propositions are developed to guide further research.
A Unilateral 6-GHz 2 1/2-Watt Varactor Quadrupler

A unilateral 1.5- to 6-GHz varactor quadrupler has been developed. The multiplier delivers 2 1/2 watts at 50-percent conversion efficiency and has a maximum input VSWR of 1.6 for all conditions of load impedance. The quadrupler efficiency is diode limited, not circuit limited, with only 0.5 dB of the 3.0-dB conversion loss due to circuit losses. The design uses a unilateral circuit concept for even-order harmonic generators to achieve the low sensitivity to output mismatch and a balanced diode pair hybrid circuit configuration to reduce circuit complexity and circuit loss. Varactor multiplier stages are often cascaded using isolators to improve the stability. The use of unilateral multipliers eliminates the necessity for such isolators.
Validation of a Distributed Field Robot Architecture Integrated with a MATLAB Based Control Theoretic Environment: A Case Study of Fuzzy Logic Based Robot Navigation

The paper presents fundamental aspects of a multi layer, hybrid, deliberative and reactive Distributed Field Robot Architecture (DFRA) that has been designed to support functionality of heterogeneous teams of unmanned (ground and aerial) robot vehicles. The DFRA is implemented in Java using Jini to manage distributed objects, services and modules between robots and other system components. It is interfaced with a control theoretic MATLAB environment, which is supported and integrated into the Java based framework using the JMatLink Java class library. This allows modules and services implemented as native interpreted MATLAB code to be accessed as remote and distributed objects. The combination of the Java based distributed architecture and the use of MATLAB in its interpreted form for autonomous robot navigation and control is a unique aspect of the reported research. Experimental validation of
Some structural aspects of vehicle dynamics and their implications on control

A linear analytical vehicle model around a particular operating point is considered. Two sets of outputs, /spl Yscr//sub 1/, /spl Yscr//sub 2/ and two sets of inputs, /spl Uscr//sub 1/, /spl Uscr//sub 2/ are investigated where /spl Yscr//sub 1/={longitudinal velocity, yaw rate}, /spl Yscr//sub 2/={roll angle, pitch angle, vertical displacement of vehicle center of gravity, tire normal force distribution}, /spl Uscr//sub 1/={wheel torques} and /spl Uscr//sub 2/={active suspension forces}. First, a finite time control problem is examined. It is shown that the pairs (/spl Yscr//sub 1/, /spl Uscr//sub 1/), (/spl Yscr//sub 2/, /spl Uscr//sub 2/), and (/spl Yscr//sub 1//spl cup//spl Yscr//sub 2/, /spl Uscr//sub 1//spl cup//spl Uscr//sub 2/) are all output function controllable. That is, for each input/output pair, by choosing the input function suitably, the output dynamics can be made to track perfectly any desired trajectory within any finite time interval. Next, two asymptotic control problems, disturbance rejection and reference tracking, are considered. It is shown that the system matrices corresponding to the pairs (/spl Yscr//sub 1/, /spl Uscr//sub 1/), (/spl Yscr//sub 2/, /spl Uscr//sub 2/), and (/spl Yscr//spl cup//spl Yscr//sub 2/, /spl Uscr//sub 1//spl cup//spl Uscr//sub 2/) are all free of transmission zeros at the origin. Consequently, stepwise disturbances can be rejected and stepwise reference signals can be tracked asymptotically by the output variables in each pair by choosing a suitable feedback controller.
A FORMATIVE DEVELOPMENT METHOD FOR DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS IN SPARSE LEARNING COMMUNITIES

In this study, the FOrmative DEvelopment Method (FODEM) is constructed for developing digital learning environments in sparse learning communities. FODEM is a thread-based method consisting of three components: (1) needs analysis, (2) implementation, and (3) formative evaluation. First, in needs analysis both theory and practice are used to define specifications. Secondly, in implementation fast prototyping in authentic learning settings is emphasized. Thirdly, formative evaluation is used to evaluate the use of the environment. An action research framework is applied to construct and evaluate FODEM method. FODEM was applied in LEAP (LEArning Process companion) digital learning tool and ViSCoS (Virtual Studies of Computer Science) online study program development cases. The evaluation of the two cases shows that the method works in the context of sparse learning communities. FODEM has produced fast results with low investments, and it can also be used to produce contextual digital learning environments. The method itself has proved to be a simple, yet structured, design method. Finally, the structure of FODEM allows that the development process can be modeled. Therefore, a corresponding technical design environment can be developed to support the use of FODEM. The writing process of the thesis included both joyful and painful moments. There were times when I thought the work will never finish. When one task was completed, more work seem to appear. Two persons who have motivated me most during my studies are my loving wife Satu and daughter Oona. You have given me the strength to finish this work. Satu read through the manuscript several times, and she gave me important feedback and improvement suggestions throughout the writing process. I am sincerely grateful to my supervisors, Professors Erkki Sutinen and Kinshuk. Without Erkki's encouragement and support, this thesis would have never been reality. My whole family is especially thankful to Kinshuk for arranging our nine month visit to Massey University in New Zealand. We will never forget the time spent in the Land of the Long White Cloud. I am also thankful to Dr Mike Joy and Professor Tapio Salakoski, the reviewers of the thesis, for their constructive comments and feedback to the manuscript. I have been privileged to work with many people during my studies both in Joensuu and Massey. I would like to especially name Arto Haataja, Niko Myller, Tiong Goh, Sirpa Torvinen, and Vesa Kainulainen, for fruitful cooperation related to my work. I thank my brother Harri and …
Body sensor network for in-home personal healthcare

A body sensor network solution for personal healthcare under an indoor environment is developed. The system is capable of logging the physiological signals of human beings, tracking the orientations of human body, and monitoring the environmental attributes, which covers all necessary information for the personal healthcare in an indoor environment. The major three chapters of this dissertation contain three subsystems in this work, each corresponding to one subsystem: BioLogger, PAMS and CosNet. Each chapter covers the background and motivation of the subsystem, the related theory, the hardware/software design, and the evaluation of the prototype’s performance.
Political Learning from Rare Events: Poisson Inference, Fiscal Constraints, and the Lifetime of Bureaus

How do political actors learn about their environment when the “data” provided by political processes are characterized by rare events and highly discontinuous variation? In such learning environments, what can theory predict about how learning actors will take costly actions that are difficult to reverse (e.g., eliminating programs, approving a risky new product, revising a security policy, firing or recalling an appointed or elected official)? We develop a formal model for this problem and apply it to the termination of bureaucratic agencies. The conventional wisdom that “the older a bureau is, the less likely it is to die” (Downs 1967, Inside Bureaucracy) persists but has never been properly tested. This paper offers a learning-based stochastic optimization model of agency termination that offers two counterintuitive predictions. First, politicians terminate agencies only after learning about them, so the hazard of agencies should be nonmonotonic, contradicting Downs's prediction. Second, if terminating agencies is costly, agencies are least likely to be terminated when politicians are fiscally constrained or when the deficit is high. We assess the model by developing a battery of tests for the shape of the hazard function and estimate these and other duration models using data on U.S. federal government agencies created between 1946 and 1997. Results show that the hazard rate of agency termination is strongly nonmonotonic and that agencies are less likely to be terminated under high deficits and divided government. For the first 50 years of the agency duration distribution, the modal termination hazard occurs at five years after agencies are enabled. Methodologically, our approach ties the functional form of a hazard model tightly to theory and presents an applied “agenda” for testing the shape of an empirical hazard function. With extensions, our model and empirical framework are applicable to a range of political phenomena.
Analog cellular networks for multisensor fusion and control

Analog modular architectures, derived from the computational paradigm of state-controlled cellular neural networks (SC-CNNs), are considered in this brief to process signals gathered from a distributed set of sensors. A novel design methodology for choosing the "local" system parameters so as to obtain the desired "global" signal processing function is proposed together with some theoretical results on sufficient conditions that guarantee asymptotic stability. An experimental prototype of cellular neural network for multisensor data fusion and control applications is presented and its adoption in the field of smart structures is discussed.
Semi-structured data extraction and schema knowledge mining

It is well known that World Wide Web has become a huge information resource. Therefore, it is very important for us to utilize this kind of information effectively. This paper proposes a semi-structured data extraction method to get the useful information embedded in a group of relevant web pages, and store it with OEM (Object Exchange Model). Then, we adopt data mining method to discover schema knowledge implicit in the semi-structured data. This knowledge can make users understand the information structure on the web more deeply and thoroughly. At the same time, it can also provide a kind of effective schema for the querying of web information.
Data for Flipped Classroom Design: Using Student Feedback to Identify the Best Components from Online and Face-to-Face Classes.

Colleges and universities have seen considerable enrollment growth in online courses during the past decade. However, online modalities are not optimal for all subject areas or students. There is growing interest in hybrid, blended, and flipped instruction as a way to incorporate the best of different delivery methods. This study investigates and identifies student preferences for both face-to-face and online learning. Participants were undergraduate students from a mix of freshman, junior, and senior level courses. An open response instrument was used to allow broad insights into students’ responses without biasing or limiting the feedback. Results suggest that the most positive impact with face-to-face learning is interaction through class discussions, group projects and other types of active learning. Females responded more positively than male students to interactivity in face-to-face classes. The data further indicates the most positive impact with online learning experiences is the class structure that supports flexibility, organization, and clear expectations. Nontraditional students reported more positively than traditional students about the benefits of flexible classes with clear course structures. This report should be of interest to educators who wish to take a research-based, student-centric, data-driven approach to the design of flipped or hybrid classrooms.
The Art of Scientific Computing Second Edition

IS B N 0-523108-5) C opright (C ) 19-1992 by C am bidge U nirsity P rss. P rogram s C opright (C ) 19-1992 by N um eical R eipes S ftw are. P rm ission is grnted or inrnet uers to m ke ne pper cpy or teir ow n peonal use. F uther repruction, or ny coying of m acineredable fles (inluding his one) to ny srver om pter, is sictly proibited. T o oder N um eical R eipes boks, disettes, or C D R O M s visit w esite hp://w w w . n.com or call 1-8072-7423 (N orth A m erica oly), or snd em il to trde@ cu.cam . ac.uk (otside N orth A m eca). Numerical Recipes in C
A 2V low–power CMOS 125Mbaud repeater architecture for UTP5 cables

A repeater has been developed for 125Mbaud twisted pair data communication with binary signal levels. The repeater includes an adaptive equalizer and a driver. This architecture operates from a 2V supply while consuming less than 6mA of current in the equalizer section and 12mA in the driver section. The active die area is less than 0.04mm2in a 0.21 µ digital CMOS process. For 100m UTP5 cable the jitter at the output of the repeater is less than 0.3UI peak to peak (including driver jitter).
Object Detection and Analysis using Coherency Filtering

ii Sommaire . iii Acknowledgements. iv List of Figures . viii List of Tables . xi Chapter 1 Introduction. 1 1.1 Thesis Outline . 3 1.2 Thesis Contributions . 5 Chapter 2 Background. 8 2.1 Object Recognition, Detection, and Analysis . 9 2.2 Challenges of Object Detection . 12 2.2.1 Translation . 12 2.2.2 Pose . 13 2.2.3 Scale. 14 2.2.4 Illumination. 15 2.2. 5 Occlusion . 16 2.2. 6 Heterogeneous Backgrounds . 18 2.2. 7 Scaling of Memory and Computational Requirements. 19 2.3 Classification of Object Detection and Analysis Methods . 20 2.3.1 Model-based Methods. 21 2.3.2 Appearance-based Methods . 23 2.3.2.1 Eigenspace Methods . 25 2.3.2.2 Robust PCA . 26 2.3.2.3 Receptive Field Histograms. 27 2.3.2.4 Support Vector Machines . 28 2.3.3 Local Appearance Methods . 30 2.3. 4 Summary . 35 Chapter 3 Learning Object Models . 38 3.1 Local Windows for Learning Object Models . 39 3.1.1 Learning Out-of-Plane Rotation . 41 3.1.2 Learning Scale and Searching an Image Pyramid . 41 3.1. 3 Normalization for In-Plane Rotation . 42 3.1. 4 Normalization for Illumination . 45 3.2 Nearest Neighbours Classifier . 47 3.2.1 Advantages and Limitations of k-NN Classification . 48 3.2.2 Approximate k-NN Classification with a kd-tree . 51 3.2.3 Online Learning . 55 3.2.4 Summary . 56 3.3 Principal Component Analysis for Dimensionality Reduction. 57 3.3.1 Using Natural Basis Functions. 58
Translation of pronominal anaphora between English and Spanish: discrepancies and evaluation

This paper evaluates the different tasks carried out in the translation of pronominal anaphora in a machine translation (MT) system. The MT interlingua approach named AGIR (Anaphora Generation with an Interlingua Representation) improves upon other proposals presented to date because it is able to translate intersentential anaphors, detect co-reference chains, and translate Spanish zero pronouns into English--issues hardly considered by other systems. The paper presents the resolution and evaluation of these anaphora problems in AGIR with the use of different kinds of knowledge (lexical, morphological, syntactic, and semantic). The translation of English and Spanish anaphoric third-person personal pronouns (including Spanish zero pronouns) into the target language has been evaluated on unrestricted corpora. We have obtained a precision of 80.4% and 84.8% in the translation of Spanish and English pronouns, respectively. Although we have only studied the Spanish and English languages, our approach can be easily extended to other languages such as Portuguese, Italian, or Japanese.