Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract from Crinum latifolium Leaf and Their Applications Forward Antibacterial Effect and Wastewater Treatment

Crinum latifolium (CL) leaf is a source of various biologically active compounds such as alkaloid and phenolic compounds, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial effects. In the purpose of expanding applications for the field of bionanotechnology, we report biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by using aqueous extract from C. latifolium leaf and explore antibacterial activity and catalytic performance for degradation of pollutants. The formation of CL-AgNPs and CL-AuNPs is confirmed and optimized by UV-visible spectroscopy with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks at around 402 and 539 nm, respectively. The spherical CL-AgNPs have an average diameter of 20.5 nm and the multishaped CL-AuNPs possess an average size of 17.6 nm. The actions of four bacterial strains were strongly inhibited by using the CL-AgNPs. Furthermore, the biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) exhibited the excellent catalytic degradation performance of pollutants.
Genograms in Family Assessment

Widely used by both family therapists and family physicians, the genogram is a graphic way of organizing the mass of information gathered during a family assessment and finding patterns in the family system. Both entertaining and instructive, this book is the ideal way to introduce all those involved in family treatment to this essential assessment tool.
Observing Possible Thermodynamic Controls on Tropical Marine Rainfall in Moist Environments

Radar and rawinsonde data from four ground-based observing stations in the tropical Indo-Pacific warm pool were used to identify possible associations of environmental state variables and their vertical profiles with radar-derived rain rate inside a mesoscale radar domain when the column-integrated relative humidity (CRH) exceeds 80%. At CRH exceeding 80%, a wide range—from near 0 to ~50 mm day−1—in rain rate is observed; therefore, tropospheric moisture was a necessary but insufficient condition for deep convection. This study seeks to identify possible factors that inhibit rainfall when the atmosphere is sufficiently moist to support large precipitation rates. The domain-mean rain rate was highly sensitive to the areal coverage of intense, convective rainfall that occurs. There were two fundamentally different instances in which convective area was low. One was when the radar domain is primarily occupied by weakly precipitating, stratiform echoes. The other was when the radar domain contained almost no precipitating echoes of any type. While the former was dependent upon the stage of the convective life cycle seen by radar, the latter was probably dependent upon the convective environment. Areal coverage of convective echoes was largely determined by the number of individual convective echoes rather than their sizes, so changes in the clear-air environment of updrafts might have governed how many updrafts grew into deep cumulonimbi. The most likely environmental influence on convective rainfall identified using rawinsonde data was 900–700-hPa lapse rate; however, processes occurring on spatial scales smaller than a radar domain were probably also important but not investigated.
Design of research-based lab sheets for the acquisition of science competencies using ICT real-time experiments.: Do students get the point of what they are doing?

This study is part of a European project that aims to design new microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) activities to be used in secondary and high school to enhance on students scientific competencies. The aim of this work is to design and to implement research-based teaching materials that take advantage of the use of MBL and promote scientific competencies in students. Researchers from six universities belonging to five EU countries have collaboratively designed a new research-based framework for MBL activities. Activities are contextbased and inquiry guided. When students take experimental data, it is proposed a Predict-Observe-Explain (White & Gunstone, 1992) sequence. The main scientific competencies that the designed activities aim to enhance in students are the design of experiments, the interpretation of results and its communication. First versions of activities have been translated into national languages (German, Czech, Slovak, Finnish and Catalan) to be implemented. The study has been conducted with 865 students from five countries who have implemented the activities. Students answered a post-implementation questionnaire to elicit if they believed that they knew the objectives of the activities and if they really did. They were also asked if MBL helped them to interpret the results and if the activity could have been done without such equipment. Results obtained in this study suggest that the research-based learning materials designed to work with MBL are useful and of quality as most students in different countries understand the point of the activities, and most of them think that these activities help them to learn and that the activities could not be done without MBL. Nevertheless, differences in results have been obtained for some activities. The results of this research will be used to refine teaching materials.
A radar reflectivity operator with ice-phase hydrometeors for variational data assimilation (version 1.0) and its evaluation with real radar data

Abstract. A reflectivity forward operator and its associated tangent linear and adjoint operators (together named RadarVar) were developed for variational data assimilation (DA). RadarVar can analyze both rainwater and ice-phase species (snow and graupel) by directly assimilating radar reflectivity observations. The results of three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) DA experiments with a 3 km grid mesh setting of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model showed that RadarVar was effective at producing an analysis of reflectivity pattern and intensity similar to the observed data. Two to three outer loops with 50–100 iterations in each loop were needed to obtain a converged 3-D analysis of reflectivity, rainwater, snow, and graupel, including the melting layers with mixed-phase hydrometeors. It is shown that the deficiencies in the analysis using this operator, caused by the poor quality of the background fields and the use of the static background error covariance, can be partially resolved by using radar-retrieved hydrometeors in a preprocessing step and tuning the spatial correlation length scales of the background errors. The direct radar reflectivity assimilation using RadarVar also improved the short-term (2–5 h) precipitation forecasts compared to those of the experiment without DA.
Most Frequent Operating Room Procedures Performed in U.S. Hospitals, 2003–2012

Nearly two-thirds of all hospitalizations involve some type of procedure. Many procedures that occur in the hospital setting, such as blood transfusions and vaccinations, are performed outside the operating room (OR). Other procedures, such as hip replacement and spinal fusion, are surgical in nature and are performed in the OR. In 2011, nearly 29 percent of hospital stays involved OR procedures and 48 percent of hospital costs were for stays that involved OR procedures. Mean hospital costs for stays with OR procedures were more than double the mean costs for stays without OR procedures.
Randomly Selected Representative Committees

When selecting a committee that decides for an entire body of members of a society (a court, legislature, etc.) two main methods are used: random assignment and direct election (whereby the latter method is made by some authority). It is known that both methods have some flaws (Hasday, 2017). We present a new method that proposes a pool of committees so that by randomly selecting a committee within this pool, all members in the society have equal opportunities of being selected and properties of representativeness and coherence are fulfilled.
Functional and Physicochemical Characteristics of Raw, Roasted and Germinated Buckwheat Flour

Purpose: Buckwheat, a pseudocereal is a nutritionally dense and gluten-free grain which has a great potential especially in the functional food industry. Domestic processing methods like germination and roasting may enhance the nutritional and functional components of the buckwheat. Design/methodology/approach: The raw, roasted (120°C for 10 min) and germinated (27 ± 3°C for 24 hours) seed flour was analyzed for functional (bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and emulsifying capacity and activity) and physicochemical (fat, ash, protein, total carbohydrate, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity) parameters. Findings: Both the methods showed varied deviation of functional properties and nutrients from the raw flour. Germination significantly (p 0.05) increased the protein (11.5%) and moisture (14.66%) whereas, decreased ash (1.8%), carbohydrate (62.84%), fat (1.33%) and fiber (7.87%); roasting significantly (p 0.05) increased the carbohydrate (71.38%) whereas, decreased ash (1.8%), fat (1.33%), fibre (6.32%), moisture (11.66%) and protein (7.6%) content. Germination significantly (p 0.05) increased the phenolic content and antioxidant activity (82.63%). Bulk density and emulsion capacity decreased in both germinated and roasted buckwheat flour. However, both germination and roasting significantly (p 0.05) increased the oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and water absorption capacity. Originality/value: The present study suggests that germinated and roasted flours can be utilized commercially for the production of economical, better and nutrient-dense food products for people suffering from cereal-based health disorders.
Levels of Glycosylated Haemoglobin in newly discovered Sudanese Diabetics

Background: Diabetes mellitus (D.M) is one of the most known chronic illnesses in the world. The exposure of blood to variable concentrations of glucose gives rise to variable levels of Haemoglobin (Hb) glycation, a non-enzymatic reaction. This phenomenon had led to the concept of measurement of glycosylated Hb as an indicator of glycemic control of diabetic patients; furthermore, it could be a diagnostic tool for the disease. Objectives: The research aimed to measure the level of glycosylated Hb -designated HbA1c- in the newly discovered diabetics in Sudan. Material and Methods : This was a retrospective case-control study, done at the Police Hospital and Bahri Diabetic Centre during the period from June 2011- October 2011. The populations of the sample were newly discovered Sudanese diabetics, in two age groups. Forty patients and forty controls were assessed via questionnaire, and venous blood to perform the test of HbA1c using Nycocard© machine. Results : The mean of HbA1c in young diabetics was 10.0%, while that of old diabetics was 8.8%. There was no correlation between HbA1c and random blood glucose, body mass index, hypertension, or the duration of symptoms. Conclusion: HbA1c levels in newly discovered diabetics was found to be elevated, with significant difference between diabetics of less than forty, and above forty years of age. Key wards : Diabetes, HbA1c, Ketoacidosis, Hypertension.
The influence of typhoons on atmospheric composition deduced from IAGOS measurements over Taipei

Abstract. The research infrastructure IAGOS (In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) equips commercial aircraft with instruments to monitor the composition of the atmosphere during flights around the world. In this article, we use data from two China Airlines aircraft based in Taipei (Taiwan) which provided daily measurements of ozone, carbon monoxide and water vapour throughout the summer of 2016. We present time series, from the surface to the upper troposphere, of ozone, carbon monoxide and relative humidity near Taipei, focusing on periods influenced by the passage of typhoons. We examine landing and take-off profiles in the vicinity of tropical cyclones using ERA-5 reanalyses to elucidate the origin of the anomalies in the vertical distribution of these chemical species. Results indicate a high ozone content in the upper- to middle-troposphere track of the storms. The high ozone mixing ratios are generally correlated with potential vorticity and anti-correlated with relative humidity, suggesting stratospheric origin. These results suggest that tropical cyclones participate in transporting air from the stratosphere to troposphere and that such transport could be a regular feature of typhoons. After the typhoons passed Taiwan, the tropospheric column was filled with substantially lower ozone mixing ratios due to the rapid uplift of marine boundary layer air. At the same time, the relative humidity increased, and carbon monoxide mixing ratios fell. Locally, therefore, the passage of typhoons has a positive effect on air quality at the surface, cleansing the atmosphere and reducing the mixing ratios of pollutants such as CO and O3.
A rapid and efficient removal approach for degradation of metformin in pharmaceutical wastewater using electro-Fenton process; optimization by response surface methodology.

Presence of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceutical products in aquatic environments has received high concern due to their undesirable effect on wildlife and human health. Current work deals with developing a treatment model based on the electro- Fenton (EF) process for efficient removal of metformin (MET) from an aqueous medium. The obtained experimental results revealed that over the reaction time of 10 min and solution pH of 3, the maximum removal efficiency of 98.57% is achieved where the value of MET initial concentration, current density, and H2O2 dosage is set at 10 mg.L-1, 6 mA.cm-2, and 250 μL. L-1, respectively, which is in satisfactory agreement with the predicted removal efficiency of 98.6% with the desirability of 0.99. The presence of radical scavengers throughout the mineralization of MET under the EF process revealed that the generation of •OH radicals, as the main oxidative species, controlled the degradation mechanism. The obtained kinetics data best fitted to the first order kinetic model with the rate constant of 0.4224 min-1 (R2 = 0.9940). The developed treatment process under response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for modeling the obtained experimental data and successfully applied for efficient removal of the MET contaminant from pharmaceutical wastewater as an adequate and cost-effective approach.
Sensitivity of gramineacous leaf growth to abscibic acid : its potential importance to leaf growth of plants in drying soil

Recent reports have indicated that leaf growth of plants in drying soil can be regulated by chemical signals originating from the roots. A potential signal is the plant hormone abscisic acid, ABA. This thesis aimed to identity sources of variation in the sensitivity of cereal leaf growth to ABA using a detached shoot leaf elongation assay. Preliminary experiments showed that altering the nutrient composition or pH of the feeding solution had no effect on sensitivity. Assay variability resulted in considerable uncertainty over whether observed genotypic differences in sensitivity were real, or reproducible. Increasing the air temperature around the detached shoots greatly increased the sensitivity of leaf growth to ABA. Increased concentrations of ABA in the elongation zone ( [EZ-ABA] ) of detached shoots seemed to account for this increased sensitivity. When detached shoots were fed sap from droughted plants, sap ABA concentration could not explain the growth inhibitory activity. Measurement of [EZ-ABA] accounted for this "unexplained" growth inhibition. When intact plants were subjected to a slowly developing drought, growth was reduced by 35 % without any increases in [EZ-ABA]. Measurement of leaf water relations and xylem sap pH similarly failed to account for the growth inhibition. The diurnal growth pattern of droughted plants suggested an interaction of water relations with chemical signals. Use of a coleoptile growth assay showed that individual application of mild osmotic stresses or ABA did not inhibit growth. However, osmotic stress and ABA applied together significantly reduced growth. This interaction may be an important mechanism in explaining leaf growth inhibition of droughted plants. It also accounts for the relative (compared to droughted plants) insensitivity of leaf elongation to ABA in the leaf elongation assay.
How to evaluate machine translation: A review of automated and human metrics

Abstract This article presents the most up-to-date, influential automated, semiautomated and human metrics used to evaluate the quality of machine translation (MT) output and provides the necessary background for MT evaluation projects. Evaluation is, as repeatedly admitted, highly relevant for the improvement of MT. This article is divided into three parts: the first one is dedicated to automated metrics; the second, to human metrics; and the last, to the challenges posed by neural machine translation (NMT) regarding its evaluation. The first part includes reference translation–based metrics; confidence or quality estimation (QE) metrics, which are used as alternatives for quality assessment; and diagnostic evaluation based on linguistic checkpoints. Human evaluation metrics are classified according to the criterion of whether human judges directly express a so-called subjective evaluation judgment, such as ‘good’ or ‘better than’, or not, as is the case in error classification. The former methods are based on directly expressed judgment (DEJ); therefore, they are called ‘DEJ-based evaluation methods’, while the latter are called ‘non-DEJ-based evaluation methods’. In the DEJ-based evaluation section, tasks such as fluency and adequacy annotation, ranking and direct assessment (DA) are presented, whereas in the non-DEJ-based evaluation section, tasks such as error classification and postediting are detailed, with definitions and guidelines, thus rendering this article a useful guide for evaluation projects. Following the detailed presentation of the previously mentioned metrics, the specificities of NMT are set forth along with suggestions for its evaluation, according to the latest studies. As human translators are the most adequate judges of the quality of a translation, emphasis is placed on the human metrics seen from a translator-judge perspective to provide useful methodology tools for interdisciplinary research groups that evaluate MT systems.
Crystal structure of (2,2′-bipyridyl)bis(4-chlorobenzyl)dichloridotin(IV), C24H20Cl4N2Sn

Abstract C24H20Cl4N2Sn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.7944(1) Å, b = 21.1245(2) Å, c = 14.7611(1) Å, β = 95.077(1)°, V = 2420.92(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0229, wRref(F2) = 0.0603, T = 100(2) K.
The Effects of Automation Transparency and Reliability on Task Shedding and Operator Trust

THE EFFECTS OF AUTOMATION TRANSPARENCY AND RELIABILITY ON TASK SHEDDING AND OPERATOR TRUST William Everett Lehman Old Dominion University, 2019 Director: Dr. James P. Bliss Because automation use is common in many domains, understanding how to design it to optimize human-automation system performance is vital. Well-calibrated trust ensures good performance when using imperfect automation. Two factors that may jointly affect trust calibration are automation transparency and perceived reliability. Transparency information that explains automated processes and analyses to the operator may help the operator choose appropriate times to shed task control to automation. Because operator trust is positively correlated with automation use, behaviors such as task shedding to automation can indicate the presence of trust. This study used a 2 (reliability; between) × 3 (transparency; within) split-plot design to study the effects that reliability and amount of transparency information have on operators’ subjective trust and task shedding behaviors. Results showed a significant effect of reliability on trust, in which high reliability resulted in more trust. There was no effect of transparency on trust. There was no effect of either reliability or transparency on task shedding frequency or time to task shed. This may be due to high workload of the primary task, restricting participants’ ability to utilize transparency information beyond the automation recommendation. Another influence on these findings was participant hesitance to task shed which could have influenced behavior regardless of automation reliability. These findings contribute to the understanding of automation trust and operator task shedding behavior. Consistent with literature, reliability increased trust. However, there was no effect of transparency, demonstrating the complexity of the relationship between transparency and trust. Participants demonstrated a bias to retain personal control, even with highly reliable automation and at the cost of time-out errors. Future research should examine the relationship between workload and transparency and the influence of task importance on task shedding.
Closed loop control of laser welding processes with cellular neural network (CNN) cameras

The growing number of laser welding applications from automobile production to micro mechanics require fast and reliable process control systems. The high process dynamics in time, space and intensity, especially in scanner based remote welding or high speed micro welding, demand extremely fast and spatially resolved in-process control systems to create closed loop control for error prevention and correction.Today’s conventional micro processor based image processing architectures (as used for example in [1]) are not able to provide the high frame rates needed for the real-time closed loop control of high speed laser welding.With “Cellular Neural Networks” (CNN) it is possible to implement Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data (SIMD)-architectures in the electronic circuitry of each pixel of the camera chip itself in order to produce a so called Focal Plane Processor (FPP). Such pixel parallel systems provide extremely fast real-time image processing. With these new CNN-cameras it is now possible to implement a camera based high speed in-process control system for laser welding that enables closed loop control of various quality features.With a multi modal diagnostic approach we were able to identify direct and explicit image attributes for a variety of quality features as a base for the process control. It could be shown that closed loop control of the “full-penetration” quality feature is possible with frame rates of 10 kHz and beyond with a CNN-camera system.The growing number of laser welding applications from automobile production to micro mechanics require fast and reliable process control systems. The high process dynamics in time, space and intensity, especially in scanner based remote welding or high speed micro welding, demand extremely fast and spatially resolved in-process control systems to create closed loop control for error prevention and correction.Today’s conventional micro processor based image processing architectures (as used for example in [1]) are not able to provide the high frame rates needed for the real-time closed loop control of high speed laser welding.With “Cellular Neural Networks” (CNN) it is possible to implement Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data (SIMD)-architectures in the electronic circuitry of each pixel of the camera chip itself in order to produce a so called Focal Plane Processor (FPP). Such pixel parallel systems provide extremely fast real-time image processing. With these new CNN-cameras it is now possible to implement .