Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of PTSD among staff victims of patient violence.

This study clearly demonstrated that traumatically stressful events occurred fairly frequently among clinical and nonclinical staff. The clinical staff reported a very high rate of PTSD-related symptoms. No evidence was found that clinicians were immune to traumatic events. Indeed, clinicians reported reactive symptoms at a higher rate than nonclinicians. Eighty-six percent of the nonclinicians who experienced traumatic events reported later symptoms; all but one of the 138 clinicians who had such experiences reported symptoms. If one in ten employees in an industry was expected to develop a job related psychiatric disorder, the industry would likely face intense pressure to address the issue. This study shows that quite the opposite is the case in mental health facilities. Should these findings prove typical, it may be, ironically, that one of the most hazardous work settings for employee mental health is the local mental health facility.
Design Principles for Fabrication of InP-Based Radial Junction Nanowire Solar Cells Using an Electron Selective Contact

Nanowire solar cells hold several advantages over planar solar cells, such as reduced reflection, facile strain relaxation, extreme light trapping, increased defect tolerance, etc. However, because of their large surface-to-volume ratio, nanowires tend to have very low effective minority carrier lifetime. To overcome this issue, a radial junction solar cell was proposed. However, in experimental realization, the efficiency of a radial junction solar cell remains significantly lower than its axial counterpart. This is mainly because of the inability to simultaneously control the doping in both the core and the shell while maintaining low defect density at the interface. To overcome the above-mentioned issues, we propose and simulate a core–shell heterojunction solar cell using p-InP as a core material and ITO/ZnO as a shell material. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations, we show that use of an oxide coating over InP core can significantly increase the absorption in InP nanowire arrays, and for an optimized thickness of oxide layer, InP consumption can be reduced by as much as four folds without sacrificing the ideal short circuit current. In addition, our device simulation results show that even for a core minority carrier lifetime of 50 ps, an efficiency of 23% can be obtained if both core and shell can be heavily doped while maintaining an interface recombination velocity of less than 104 cm/s. Finally, we discuss how the proposed device structure can reduce the fabrication complexities related to epitaxial homojunction/heterojunction core–shell solar cell structure while achieving a high efficiency under optimized conditions.
MDM2/MDMX inhibitor peptide: WO2008106507

Background: The evidence that some human cancers show wild-type p53 and overexpressed levels of MDM2 and/or MDMX has fueled the search for new therapeutic agents that could rescue p53 from the inhibition of MDM2 and MDMX. Recent data, suggesting a distinct and complementary mode of action of MDM2 and MDMX in the regulation of the pro-apoptotic activity of p53, have raised the notion that the development of dual or combined inhibitors of the two oncogenic proteins may result in more effective antitumor strategies. Objective: The objective of the present patent concerns the disclosure by two researchers of the University of South Florida, reporting a dual MDM2/MDMX inhibitor peptide that selectively blocks neoplastic growth and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Conclusion: Although the researchers' results provide the proof of concept of the feasibility of blocking both MDM2 and MDMX regulatory functions for the development of novel and more incisive p53-based anticancer strategies, their invention supplies medicinal chemists with a new interesting lead compound to aid the design of novel small-molecule inhibitors of the oncogenic proteins with drug-like properties.
How to Get Out of Prison: Views from Parole Board Members

ABSTRACT Convicted lawbreakers sentenced to prisons do not always serve their entire terms inside correctional institutions. Instead, many inmates rejoin society as parolees, before their maximum sentences expire. Prior to receiving a discharge on parole supervision, however, an inmate often must be granted early release by a parole board. Utilizing semistructured qualitative interviews with 17 parole board members across four jurisdictions, this exploratory study examines what it takes to get out of prison and back into society from the perspectives of these parole gatekeepers. Policy implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Photoinduced toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Daphnia magna: Ultraviolet‐mediated effects and the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon photoproducts

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants known for their photoinduced toxicity. This toxicity may occur through two mechanisms: Photosensitization, and photomodification. Photosensitization generally leads to the production of singlet oxygen, a reactive oxygen species that is highly damaging to biological molecules. Photomodi‐fication of PAHs, usually via oxidation, results in the formation of new compounds and can occur under environmentally relevant levels of actinic radiation. The toxicities of 16 intact PAHs to Daphnia magna were assessed under two ultraviolet radiation conditions. The toxicity of intact PAHs generally increased in the presence of full‐spectrum simulated solar radiation relative to that in the presence of visible light plus ultraviolet A only. Despite the knowledge of a bipartite mechanism of phototoxicity that includes photosensitization and photomodification, few studies have examined the effects of PAH photoproducts on animals. To expand the existing data, 14 PAH photoproducts (oxy‐PAHs) also were assayed, most of which were highly toxic without further photomodification. Two photoproducts of benzo[a]pyrene, 1,6‐ and 3,6‐benzo[a]pyrenequinone, were the most toxic compounds tested, followed closely by benz[a]anthraquinone. Each of these three compounds had a median effective concentration in the low nanomolar range. The data presented highlight the effects of ultraviolet radiation on mediating PAH toxicity and the need to analyze absorption spectra of contaminants in the prediction of photoinduced toxicity. The importance of the role of photomodification also is stressed, because several oxy‐PAHs, an unregulated group of contaminants, were highly toxic to D. magna, a key bioindicator species in aquatic ecosystems.
Travelling through the system: the lived experience of people with borderline personality disorder in contact with psychiatric services.

This study adopted a lived experience approach utilizing a broad research question to ask 'How do people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience their contact with mental health services? '. Unstructured interviews were conducted with seven participants from one mental health trust. A grounded theory methodology was adopted to develop a theory of how people with BPD conceptualized their contact with psychiatric services and what strategies they adopted to negotiate their way through them. The study found that people with BPD valued their contact with psychiatric services despite negative experiences and encountering negative staff attitudes. It also found that relationships with others were vital in containing their distressing emotions despite their difficulty in trusting others. Overcoming these paradoxes was achieved by consistent long-term involvement with experienced staff, containing relationships, encouraging the participants to contribute to their care through the structure of the care programme approach and improving staff understanding of their behaviour by key informants.
Acute Action of Oestrogen on Medial Preoptic Gamma‐Aminobutyric Acid Neurons: Correlation with Oestrogen Negative Feedback on Luteinizing Hormone Secretion

The acute effects of oestrogen on the medial preoptic area (MPOA) γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) system were examined by delivering an intravenous bolus of 17β‐oestradiol (5 μg/100 g body wt) to conscious ovariectomized rats implanted with microdialysis probes. Fifteen‐min blood samples were taken to determine the time‐course of negative feedback effects of oestrogen on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Two h after administration of 17β‐oestradiol, GABA release from the MPOA was significantly elevated compared with vehicle‐treated controls (P<0.05). The rise in GABA levels continued until the end of the experiment, 4 h after 17β‐ oestradiol, at which time it was over 50% higher than controls (P<0.01). The pulsatile pattern of LH secretion was significantly depressed 2 and 3 h after administration of 17β‐oestradiol compared with controls (P<0.05). To determine the effects of the 17β‐oestradiol treatment on pituitary responsiveness to LH‐releasing hormone (LHRH), a further group of rats were given exogenous LHRH (50ng/100g body wt, intravenously) before and 3 h after vehicle or 17β‐oestradiol treatment and blood samples taken to determine the effect on LH secretion. The maximal LH response to LHRH in 17β‐oestradiol‐treated rats was approximately 50% that of control‐treated values. This study demonstrates the acute and potent action of 17β‐oestradiol on GABA release in the MPOA and lends support to a genomic site of action for oestrogen in modulating neural elements regulating GABA release from the MPOA. These results, showing a parallel decrease in LH secretion with increased GABA levels in the MPOA, suggest a role for GABA elements within the MPOA as a site of oestrogen negative feedback on LH secretion.
Workplace Health Promotion Implementation, Readiness, and Capacity Among Midsize Employers in Low-Wage Industries: A National Survey

Objective: To describe workplace health promotion (WHP) implementation, readiness, and capacity among midsize employers in low-wage industries in the United States. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of a national sample of midsize employers (100 to 4999 employees) representing five low-wage industries. Results: Employers' WHP implementation for both employees and employees' spouses and partners was low. Readiness scales showed that employers believe WHP would benefit their employees and their companies, but they were less likely to believe that WHP was feasible for their companies. Employers' capacity to implement WHP was very low; nearly half the sample reported no capacity. Conclusion: Midsize employers in low-wage industries implement few WHP programs; their responses to readiness and capacity measures indicate that low capacity may be one of the principal barriers to WHP implementation.
Research on Exploring the Formation Factors of Youth Entrepreneurship Satisfaction and Behavior Intention

This research established the youth entrepreneur satisfaction forming path and behavior intention model on the base of classical customer satisfaction index model, and took the 172 youth entrepreneurs as research object, who have been supported by China Youth Entrepreneurship Program (YBC) Mianyang Office since 2007. This study applies factor analysis and structural equation model to reveal the satisfaction formation mechanism which affects by the youth entrepreneurs expectations, guidance quality and guidance value perception, as well as the entrepreneurs’ subsequent behavior affected by the satisfaction. The results show that the mentor image has significantly positive effect on the youth entrepreneur expectation. The latter affects the satisfaction through the guidance quality perception to exert influence on the youth’s guidance value perception; youth entrepreneur expectation, guidance value perception and guidance quality perception have positive effects on satisfaction. As for the youth entrepreneurs’ behavioral intention, the youth’s satisfaction had significantly negative effects on their complaint and significantly positive effects on their loyalty. In addition, there were significantly negative effects between the youth entrepreneurs’ complaint and loyalty.
Immunoprophylaxis Failure Against Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in the Chinese Population: A Hospital-based Study and a Meta-analysis

Background: Despite effective immunoprophylaxis, vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from infected mothers still occurs. This study aimed to provide an estimate of the prevalence of immunoprophylaxis failure and evaluate associated risk factors. Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted from June 1, 2008, to June 30, 2012. In this prospective study, 294 HBsAg-positive mothers were followed up from their first prenatal care visits until their infants completed the proposed vaccination schedule. Further, studies providing prevalence rates of immunoprophylaxis failure in the Chinese population were identified from electronic databases and were collected for a meta-analysis. Results: In the prospective study, 16 (5.44%) infants developed HBV infection despite passive-active immunoprophylaxis. Twelve of these infants were born to HBeAg-positive mothers with cord blood that was positive for HBV DNA. After adjusting for maternal and infant factors, HBV DNA detectable in cord blood (odds ratio: 22.32, 95% confidence interval: 4.00–124.47) was associated with a significantly greater risk of immunoprophylaxis failure. The prospective study and 23 previous studies were included in the meta-analysis, constituting a total of 7561 Chinese participants. The overall estimated rates of immunoprophylaxis failure for infants with HBsAg-positive and HBeAg-positive mothers were 4.87% and 9.66% respectively. Conclusions: Immunoprophylaxis failure is an extensive problem, and further studies should design and assess novel strategies for the prevention of immunoprophylaxis failure, especially for cases involving HBeAg-positive mothers and infants with cord blood that is positive for HBV DNA.
THE INFLUENCE OF ACCULTURATION ON BREAST-FEEDING INITIATION AND DURATION IN LOW-INCOME WOMEN IN THE US

Summary While the ‘immigrant health paradox’ posits better health behaviours and outcomes for immigrants upon arrival to the US, research suggests that this advantage may deteriorate over time. This study analysed the relationship of acculturation and breast-feeding initiation and duration among a sample of predominantly Latina, low-income women in the US. The four measures of acculturation included: mother’s nativity (foreign born vs US born), mother’s parents’ nativity (foreign born vs US born), years of US residence (<8 years vs ≥8 years) and a dichotomous measure of language acculturation adapted from three items on Marin’s acculturation scale (preferred language spoken at home, reading language and writing language) as exclusive use of native language versus non-exclusive use (mixed or English only) (Marin et al., 1987; Marin & Gamba, 1996). Final multivariable models showed that mothers who exclusively used their native language were more likely to initiate breast-feeding as well as breast-feed for longer duration compared with mothers with non-exclusive use, whereas years of US residence and mother’s nativity were not significantly associated with breast-feeding initiation or duration. Mother’s parents’ nativity also emerged as a significant predictor of breast-feeding duration, both within final models for immigrants and across study participants. Programmes providing nutrition education to low-income women may wish to consider the role of language as an important determinant of breast-feeding. The role of mother’s parents’ nativity on breast-feeding practices deserves exploration in future studies, as the cultural practices taught by family members born outside the US may exert strong pressure within immigrant families now living in the US.
Quality-of-Life Outcomes between Mastectomy Alone and Breast Reconstruction: Comparison of Patient-Reported BREAST-Q and Other Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measures

Background: Published data on quality of life in women after breast reconstruction are inconsistent. This cross-sectional study evaluated the quality of life of women after successful breast reconstruction in comparison with those who underwent mastectomy alone. Methods: The quality of life was evaluated using two validated self-report questionnaires: the BREAST-Q and the RAND-36. Demographic information, patient anxiety, depression, and concerns about recurrences were measured by using standardized questionnaires. These questionnaires were sent to the participants. The quality of life of the mastectomy plus breast reconstruction group (n = 92) and the mastectomy-alone group (n = 45) were compared. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the statistical significance of the authors’ findings. Results: Women with successful breast reconstruction were significantly more satisfied with the appearance of their chest/breasts (p = 0.003). They also fared better psychosocially (n = 0.008) and sexually (p = 0.007) than women with mastectomy alone. Furthermore, they functioned better physically (p = 0.012), experiencing less pain and fewer limitations (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Successful breast reconstruction following mastectomy can greatly improve different aspects of the patient’s life compared with women who do not undergo reconstructive surgery. These findings might be taken into consideration when the treating medical team and the patient study various treatment options. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.
Tunneled central venous access catheter placement in the pediatric population: comparison of radiologic and surgical results.

PURPOSE To compare the success and infection rates of radiologic placement with those of surgical placement of tunneled central venous access catheters (TCVACs) in infants and small children. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 17 pediatric patients, TCVACs were placed with vascular access under ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance in the radiology department. In 29 other patients, TCVACs were placed with percutaneous puncture or surgical cutdown in the surgery department. RESULTS Two (11%) of 18 attempts at radiologic placement were unsuccessful; six (38%) of the 16 radiologically placed catheters necessitated removal because of dislodgment, malfunction, or infection; six (38%) were electively removed; and four (25%) still function. Eight (23%) of 35 attempts at surgical placement were unsuccessful; 17 (63%) of the 27 surgically placed catheters required removal because of dislodgment, malfunction, or infection; nine (33%) were electively removed; and one (4%) still functions. CONCLUSION The success and infection rates of radiologic placement of TCVACs were similar to those of surgical placement. Radiologic placement required fewer attempts and was slightly less expensive.
Pulmonary Resection in Patients Aged 80 Years or Over with Clinical Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival and Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications

Introduction: This retrospective study was designed to identify the predictors of long-term survival and the risk factors for complications after surgery in patients aged 80 years or older with clinical (c)-stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: The Japanese Joint Committee of Lung Cancer Registry collated the clinicopathological profiles and outcomes of 13,344 patients who underwent pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer in 1999. The data of 367 patients aged 80 years or older with c-stage I non-small cell lung cancer were analyzed for prognostic factors and risk factors for postoperative complications. Results: The median age was 82 years (range, 80-90 years). Of the total patient number, 102 (27.8%) had some form of comorbidity diagnosed preoperatively. Thirty-one (8.4%) patients presented with postoperative complications, and the operative mortality was 1.4%. The 5-year survival rates were 55.7% for c-stage I patients, 62.0% for c-stage IA, and 47.2% for c-stage IB. Advanced pathologic stage and comorbidity were significant independent predictors of shortened survival (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.032, respectively). Comorbidity and mediastinal lymph node dissection were identified as factors that increased the risk of postoperative complications (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.036, respectively). Survival rates were independent of the extent of pulmonary resection (lobectomy or limited resection). Conclusions: Octogenarian patients with c-stage I lung cancer in this study had a satisfactory long-term outcome and low-mortality rate. Comorbidity is a factor associated with both prognosis and operative risks. A selection of the patients who would be curable without mediastinal lymph node dissection after an accurate preoperative staging is beneficial to decrease the postoperative complications because this procedure is a risk factor.
Value Chains or Social Capital? Producer Organizations in the Citrus Fruit Sector

The article studies institutional performance and specifically the effectiveness of producer organizations in agriculture in areas with low levels of social capital. It finds within the same region (Sicily) one case supporting an institutionalist reading (linking low performance levels to low levels of social capital), and one success case in which, despite the burden of low social capital, producer organizations united small farmers and developed a unitary brand for their products. The article finds that the difference in institutional outcomes is due to differences between value chains, and specifically due the extent to which the interests and power of wholesalers and producers in such institutions diverge. Introduction: Sicilian Agriculture and Producer Organizations Many accounts of what supports or explains formal institutions identify social capital as a key ingredient of how institutions come about or what underpins their functioning. But can formal institutions work in areas where social capital is low, or the forms it takes undermine rather than underpin effective institutions? Since the 1970s the European Union and the Member States have sought to support institutional change in agriculture mainly by encouraging more effective and more encompassing producer organizations. The expectation was that such organizations can unite small farmers and reach, on their behalf, institutional arrangements with retailers, offering farmers better prices in exchange for more stable and predictable production patterns (Camanzi et al., 2009; Bijman et al., 2012). Yet it is not at all clear whether and when such newly established organizations actually produce the intended institutional outcomes in regions with low levels of social capital. While many studies on producer organizations link the establishment and performance of producer organizations to social capital, this article offers an alternative account, one that is better suited to explain the performance of such organizations in areas with low social capital. While not aiming to test social capital theses, the article argues that the emergence and performance of producer organizations can be the result at Mihai Varga is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Osteuropa-Institut, Freie Universitat Berlin, Garystr. 55, 14195 Berlin, Germany; email: . The author would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and the Fritz Thyssen Foundation for supporting travel and accommodation costs during the two months of fieldwork in Sicily (Spring 2014) needed for this article. The author would also like to express his gratitude for their support to sociologists Teresa Consoli, Carlo Pennisi and Francesco Rinaldi Mazzeo at the Political and Social Sciences Department of the University of Catania. Int. Jrnl. of Soc. of Agr. & Food, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 85–103 ISSN: 0798-1759 This journal is blind refereed.