Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Polymeric Nanoparticle Assembly Through Rapid Solvent Exchange

Structured nanoparticles are important for various scientific and industrial applications. For example, Janus particles can act as pigments in electronic paper, interfacial stabilizers, optical probes and catalysts; core-shell particles are useful in drug delivery; patchy particles can self-assemble into hierarchical structures. These applications require nanoparticles with a narrow size and morphology distribution, which needs to be addressed by the fabrication methods. In addition, a method which is simple and scalable is also desirable in order to achieve commercial applications of the nanoparticles. Flash Nanoprecipitation (FNP), which involves the rapid mixing of polymers in solution with a miscible non-solvent, is a continuous and scalable process that offers independent control over nanoparticle size, morphology, and composition. To understand the assembly mechanism of FNP and to make quantitative predictions for experiments, I performed molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. On the nanoscale, the MD simulations studied the assembly mechanism and revealed how nanoparticles with a range of surface structures, including Janus, core-shell and patchy, arise from different processing conditions. The simulations also indicated that nanoparticle morphologies and other properties such as the composition and patchiness can be reliably tuned. To reach macroscopic lengthand time-scales, I performed KMC simulations and studied how nanoparticle size and size distribution can be controlled by processing parameters specific to FNP, such as the mixing rate and the feed concentration. The model produced results in quantitative agreement with experiments and also provided insights on particle aggregation mechanism through the solvent displacement process. This multi-scale simulation approach allows predictions for the FNP process from a given set of feed polymers and processing parameters. The results demonstrate that the process is highly promising for the production of structured nanoparticles with various surface features in a scalable and controlled way. These results also provide guidelines for fuiii ture design and preparation of polymeric nanoparticles with desired properties using FNP techniques, and thus facilitate their applications in various areas.
Rapid synthesis of defective and composition-controlled metal chalcogenide nanosheets by supercritical hydrothermal processing

This study presents a simple one-pot synthesis method to achieve few-layered and defective Mo(S,Se)2 and (Mo,W)S2 by using supercritical water with organic reducing agents from simple and less-toxic precursors. This synthesis process is expected to be suitable for preparing other various kinds of TMD solid solutions.
Electronic Thermal Conductance of Graphene via Electrical Noise

This dissertation presents the methods and experimental results of studies on electronic thermal transport in mesoscopic conductors by means of radio frequency Johnson noise thermometry. In particular, we present the application of these methods to study the electronic thermal conductivity of monolayer graphene over a wide range of temperatures, charge densities, and magnetic fields. A comprehensive theory of thermal noise in conductors is formulated in a language convenient for high frequency measurements of mesoscopic samples. Autoand cross-correlated Johnson noise thermometry is demonstrated over the temperature range of 3 − 300K and in magnetic fields up to 13 T , achieving a sensitivity of 5.5mK (110 ppm) in 1 s of integration time. Techniques for overcoming the challenges of measuring devices with resistances that dynamically vary over multiple orders of magnitude are presented. Impedance matching circuits, capable of withstanding the harsh measurement environments of condensed matter experiments while remaining stable across the extreme changes in temperature and magnetic field, are described. A systematic and robust calibration procedure for converting noise power to electronic temperature is outlined which allows for the inevitable drift of device resistance that often plagues mesoscopic experiments. With the ability to measure electronic temperature, the thermal conductance between the electronic system and a
The prevalence and sources of perceived occupational stress among teachers in Western Australian government metropolitan primary schools

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and sources of self· reported occupational stress among primary school teachers in Western Australian Government schools. Five specific objectives farm the basis of this study. First, the 5tudy develops an instrument which measures the perceived levels of occupational stress and reveals the sources of such stress. Second, the study applies this instrument te determine the perceived levels, and sources, of occupational stress among primary school teachers in metropolitan Perth. Third, the study investigates differences in the perceptions of stress and stressors when categorised by socio-biographical characteristics qf teachers. Fourih, the study investigates the relationship between occupational stress and satisfaction. Fift~, path analysis techniques are used to test the adequacy of a stressstressor model derived from a (lliJui assumptions and temporal sequence. A qualitative meta-analysis reveals characteristi~ of the literature which discursive reviews may omit. Such characteristics include trends in research interest in the topic of teacher stress over time and geographical area, the balance between types of studies, the relationship between types of studies, aspects of teacher stress and geographical area, findings of the studies, and determining categories into which the findings can.be examined. De>finitions of stress and burnout, definitions of teacher stress and teacher burnout, reasons for concern about tea~er stress and teacher burnout, the prevalence of stress in the teaching profession, sources of stress in the teaching profession, perceptions of stress and stressors When categorised by socio-biographical characteristics, and the relationship
Effects of powder material and process parameters on the roll compaction, sintering and cold rolling of titanium sponge

Roll compaction is a powder metallurgy process that has the potential for cost reduction in the production of titanium parts. In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of powder type and size on the roll compaction and subsequent sintering and cold rolling behaviour of titanium powder. Powders used ranged in upper sieve sizes from 0.15 to 3 mm. Strip density was found to increase with decreasing powder size while thickness decreased. Following sintering in the range of 800–1200°C, cold rolling was performed with various levels of thickness reduction. Average (across the width) densities of up to 88% were achieved, with higher density regions in the middle of the strips reaching up to 99%. Roll force was measured during cold rolling and found to increase with increasing final (post-cold rolling) density and also with increasing roll gap reduction amounts.
Use of a Pushrim‐activated, Power‐assisted Wheelchair Enhanced Mobility for an Individual with Cervical 5/6 Tetraplegia

&NA; For patients with mid‐level (C5 or C6) tetraplegia, the choice between using a power or manual wheelchair is difficult because both types of wheelchairs have disadvantages. A new class of wheelchair has recently become available—the pushrim‐activated, power‐assisted wheelchair (PAPW)—which allows manual wheelchair propulsion with less effort. In this article the case of a patient with right C5, left C6 tetraplegia who practiced using both a manual wheelchair and a PAPW is presented. He achieved independence in manual wheelchair propulsion, but propulsion was slow and limited to short distances on smooth level surfaces. In contrast, he became independent in propelling the PAPW over a variety of surfaces for long distances at functional speeds, and in ascending and descending ramps. The patient's performance suggests that a PAPW is an alternative to a manual or power wheelchair for individuals with midlevel tetraplegia.
Effect of Heat Input and Undermatched Filler Wire on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar S700MC/S960QC High-Strength Steels

The effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar S700MC/S960QC high-strength steels (HSS) using undermatched filler material was evaluated. Experiments were performed using the gas metal arc welding process to weld three samples, which had three different heat input values (i.e., 15 kJ/cm, 7 kJ/cm, and 10 kJ/cm). The cooling continuous temperature (CCT) diagrams, macro-hardness values, microstructure formations, alloy element compositions, and tensile test analyses were performed with the aim of providing valuable information for improving the strength of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of both materials. Micro-hardness measurement was conducted using the Vickers hardness test and microstructural evaluation by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mechanical properties were characterized by tensile testing. Dissimilar welded samples (S700MC/S960QC) with a cooling rate of 10 °C/s (15 kJ/cm) showed a lower than average hardness (210 HV5) in the HAZ of S700MC than S960QC. This hardness was 18% lower compared to the value of the base material (BM). The best microstructure formation was obtained using a heat input of 10 kJ/cm, which led to the formation of bainite (B, 60% volume fraction), ferrite (F, 25% volume fraction), and retained austenite (RA, 10%) in the final microstructure of S700MC, and B (55%), martensite (M, 45%), and RA (10%), which developed at the end of the transformation of S960QC. The results showed the presence of 1.3 Ni, 0.4 Mo, and 1.6 Mn in the fine-grain heat-affected zone of S700MC. The formation of a higher carbide content at a lower cooling rate reduced both the hardness and strength.
On the Structural and Chemical Homogeneity of Spark Plasma Sintered Tungsten

Tungsten-based materials are the prime candidate plasma-facing materials for future fusion reactors, such as DEMO. Spark plasma sintering is a prospective fabrication technology with several advantageous features. The concurrent application of electric current, temperature and pressure enhances the sintering process, allowing for lower temperatures and shorter sintering times than traditional powder metallurgy processes. This in turn helps to avoid excessive grain growth and phase segregation in W-alloys. This study is focused on several factors that may influence the homogeneity of the sintered compacts—namely the diffusion of carbon from the graphite die, purity of the powder and sintering conditions. The following characteristics of spark plasma-sintered tungsten compacts were studied: composition (especially carbon and oxygen content), porosity, mechanical properties (hardness and fracture strength), and thermal diffusivity. The effects of the abovementioned processing factors were quantified, and local variations of selected properties were assessed.
Seismic Analysis of the Kleinplaas Dam Affected by Alkali-Silica Reaction Using a Chemo-Thermo-Mechanical Finite Element Numerical Model Considering Fluid Structure Interaction

Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a long term chemical reaction causes swelling and damage to the concrete material in the form of cracking and material deterioration. In this research a chemo-thermo-mechanical ASR finite element numerical code is developed to model and analyse this phenomenon in concrete dams. It considers the effects of variables such as temperature, humidity, non-uniform time-dependent material degradation and 3D stress confinement on ASR evolution. While the structural behaviour of ASR affected structures under monotonic and quasi-static loading has been extensively investigated over the last decades, limited research has addressed the effect of dynamic loads on structures affected by ASR. The combined effect of old and new cracks under dynamic excitation may cause dam failure. The SU-ASR (Stellenbosch University ASR FE code) model developed, is used to analyse and predict dynamic behaviour of the Kleinplaas dam which is located on the Jonkershoek River near Stellenbosch in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The combined ASR and seismic actions based on the state of the structure at the end of the long-term ASR analysis are investigated and comparisons are made through a comprehensive study of the damage development and crest displacement. The development of the cracks in the coupled analysis of the ASR and seismic load is significantly different from the cracks in the dam when only ASR is considered.
Utilizing Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy to Study Oncogenesis

Quantitative fluorescence microscopy is a highly technical, swiftly evolving field of methodologies that are uniquely able to probe the nano-scale biological environment. With these optimized, advanced technologies available, scientists and medical providers are equipped to illuminate a plethora of puzzles in science and medicine through the multiplexing and high spatiotemporal resolution offered. Here I first exploit these capabilities to study a rare cancer with multiplex immunohistofluorescence (IHF) to confirm cell type and undocumented protein expression that may have implications for our understanding of the biology of mast cells and the potential efficacy of treatment and symptom management in mast cell disease. Second, I utilize the high spatiotemporal resolution of quantum dot (QD) single particle tracking to demonstrate a previously suspected but un-proven heterodimerization between two receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR and RON) implicated in cancer and targeted cancer therapy resistance.
Atomistic Mechanisms for the Thermal Relaxation of 
Au
-hyperdoped 
Si

Funding from the U.S. Army under Contract No. FA5209-16-P-0104 is acknowledged for partial support of this work. This work was performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF Grant No. 1541959. CNS is part of Harvard University.
Study on Stress Properties of Iron Based Cladding Coating under Bending Load

The finite element analysis was employed to investigate equivalent stress characteristics of iron based cladding coating and substrate, and a three-point bending simulation test was carried out. The coating was set separately on the sides of stretchand press, the distribution and change rule of equivalent stress for different coating thickness were obtained through analyzing the stress state of thecoating/substrate system and influence of coating thickness on the interfacial stress. The results show that the maximum stress of the coating/substrate system appears on the coating surface under the bending load; the thicker the coating, the higher the maximum equivalent stress of the coating/substrate system under the same press amount of the punch head.
Geo-mechanics and Hydraulic Conductivity Study of Claystone in Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia

Claystone middle Miocene age were found in Wonosegoro sub-district, Boyolali region, Central Java, Indonesia. The purpose of the paper is to examine and discuss the geology and typical behavor of this claystone and its micro-level mechanism. The hydraulic conductivity was assessed using consilidated apparatuses; 150 mm diameter column mound using aggregated sample and 60 mm oedometer mould using slurry sample as a reference. Claystone materials used were treated under various conditions. In long term test under constand vertical stress and hydraulic gradient, the hydraulic conductvity decreases with time although the volume of void volume of the sample increased by swelling. Water contens of the individul aggregated increased by swelling, by which strength of particles decreases with and aggregate breakdown was enchanced. As a result, large void created by large particles could be redused in its size, leading the reduction of hydraulic conductuvity. The hydralic conductivities (K values) obtained from the aggregated sample varied in a broad range compared with those from slurry sample. In the test using the higher percentage of gravel-sized aggregate (up until couarse gravel-sized; retained in 26.5 mm sieve), K values changed from 10-5 to 10-7 m/s under vertical stresses from 5 up to 245 kPa. The test was repeated using smaller percentage of gravel-sized aggregate (up until fine gravel-sized, retained in 4.75 mm sieve) and the observed K values changed from 10-5 to 10-10 m/s. While the K values obtained in the specimen made from surry under same vertical stresses was 10-9 to 10-11 m/s. All of the extruded aggregate samples had higher water content than the initial ones, which suggest the alteration mechanism of soled consolidation phase to more deformable plastic phase, whice enables thesample to decrease the void size. These results conclude that using coarse gravel-sized aggregated, which is a reasonable scenario of a practically feasible aggregate size in a field, may noy produce the aimed hydraulic conductivity by the regulated standard. Therefore, breakdown of the aggrgate size and enchament of swelling are crucial factors for the application of the clay stones as a barrier material.
Morphology, density and dimensions of bamboo fibers: a bibliographical compilation

ABSTRACT Bamboos are fast-growing plants, with outstanding physical-mechanical characteristics that may be chiefly ascribed to the features and dimensions of their main structural element: their fibers. This study aimed to perform a dimensional description (length, width, lumen diameter and wall thickness) and depict the indices and technical coefficients of fibers of bamboo species that occur in Brazil, through a bibliographical survey. The results showed that the basic density in test stem-specimens of the surveyed species varied between 0.451 g cm-3 and 0.780 g cm-3, what revealed a great variability among them. The average values observed for the fiber dimensions were 2.29 mm for length, 16.4 µm for total width, 6.4 µm for wall thickness and 3.5 µm for lumen diameter. From these data, it was possible to estimate indices and technical coefficients that support good physical-mechanical characteristics of bamboo in the several studied species.
Nutrition Knowledge and Child Care Feeding Practices of Early Childhood Education Students: A Preliminary Study

3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE. 4 Childhood Overweight and Obesity. 4 Parental Influence on Child Eating Patterns, Behaviors, and Dietary Intake.5 Parental Feeding Styles.6 Parental Feeding Styles, Child Dietary Intake, and Food Preference.7 Parental Feeding Styles and Child Weight.8 Parental Feeding Styles: Restriction and Pressure.9 Parental Modeling and Food Availability.12 Meal Structure, Social Context, and Preparation.16 Parental Nutrition Knowledge and Beliefs.17 Children in Child Care across the United States.18 The Impact of Child Care and Early Education on Young Children.18 Child Care and Provider Influence on Child Eating Patterns, Behaviors, and Dietary Intake 20 Meals in the Child Care Setting.21 Child Care Provider Feeding Styles, Child Dietary Intake, and Food Acceptance.26 Child Care Provider Dietary Modeling.27 Meal Structure and Social Context within the Child Care Setting. 29 Child Care Provider Nutrition Knowledge, Beliefs, and Training.30 Early Childhood Education Students as Future Child Care Providers.32 Research Questions.33 REFERENCES. 35 PART II: NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE AND CHILD CARE FEEDING PRACTICES OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION STUDENTS.43 ABSTRACT. 45 INTRODUCTION.46 METHODS. 48 Subjects. 48 Data Collection Methods. 48 Survey Instrument. 49 Measures. 49 Nutrition knowledge. 49 Child care feeding practices. 50 Demographic and sample characteristics. 50 Survey Instrument Review and Validation. 51 Pilot Testing. 51 Survey Administration. 52 Data Analysis. 53 vi RESULTS.55 Sample Description.55 Child Feeding Practices Scale: Reliability.57 Nutrition Knowledge and Child Feeding Practices among Early Childhood Students.57 Comparing Nutrition Knowledge and Child Feeding Practices.61 Comparing Sample Characteristics with Nutrition Knowledge and Child Feeding Practices 62 DISCUSSION.64 REFERENCES.70 Conclusion.74 APPENDIX: EXPANDED METHODOLOGY.75 INTRODUCTION.76 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS.77 Survey Instrument Review and Validation: Expert Panel.77 Nutrition Knowledge of Early Childhood Education Students: Pilot for Validation of a Survey Instrument.78 Pilot Subjects.78 Pilot Results.80 Survey of Child Feeding Practices.81 Nutrition Knowledge and Child Care Feeding Practices Survey Evaluation Form.105 Early Childhood Education Students’ Responses to Nutrition Knowledge Items.108 VITA.111
Electron spin resonance spectroscopy identifies radiation-induced markers in 7 kGy-irradiated dried lavers subjected to alkaline pretreatment

Food irradiation was allowed for dried seaweeds for improving microbial quality in Korea and reliable detection methods are required for the routine control in international trade. In this study, three kinds of popular dried laver (seaweeds) were electron-beam irradiated at approved 7 kGy dose, and the radiation-induced signals were detected using electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) spectroscopy coupled with alkaline pretreatment. The influence of conventional post-irradiation sample pretreatment such as freeze drying (FD) was also compared with that of alkaline pretreatments, i.e., NaOH extraction (NE) and KOH extraction (KE). Non-irradiated samples were characterized by their ESR spectra, having singlet g-values of g = 2.006, 7 kGy-irradiated samples with FD and KE pretreatments did not exhibit any detectable irradiation-induced signals. However, all the irradiated samples treated with NaOH showed a new radiation-induced ESR signal hfcc (hyperfine coupling constant) of 2.3 mT that is different from that of the established cellulose radicals (hfcc of 3 mT). Thus, attempts have been made to understand the origin of the new signal. The improved approach of combination treatment with NaOH and ESR spectroscopy was successful in identifying irradiated dried laver.
Effects of the room temperature sensor position and radiator sizing on indoor thermal comfort and energy performances

In this paper, a simplified zonal model for the evaluation of the spatial distribution of the air temperature in a thermal zone is presented. This model, in which the air flow is caused only by buoyancy forces, is implemented in ALMABuild. The model is used for the analysis of the effect of the temperature sensor positioning on the control system behaviour and on the indoor comfort conditions. This analysis is performed considering a multi-zone building composed by three offices, focusing the evaluation to the central one. The office is heated by means of a radiator in which the hot water flow rate is varied by a valve controlled via a room temperature sensor. By means of numerical simulations, indoor comfort conditions, energy consumptions and control system response are evaluated for three different sensor positions (far from the radiator, in the middle of the office, close to the radiator), two radiator sizes (one obtained by imposing a high supply water temperature, 80 °C, the other a low supply temperature, 60 °C) and two control strategies (weather compensation and fast restart). The results presented in this study and demonstrate how complete dynamic energy simulation tools can provide to the designer important information, like the room temperature sensor position that should be close to the emitter and far from cold external walls, for the optimal design of HVAC systems.