Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial well-being and gay identity development

1 CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 3 Summary. 3 Introduction. 4 Sin, Crime, Sickness and an “Instant Cure”: Homosexuality, Psychology, and Western Society . 4 Pre 19 Century Views: Homosexuality as a Sin and a Crime. 4 Late 19 and early 20 Century views: Homosexuality as a Disease. 6 Post World War II: Gathering Evidence. 8 The 1970s and the “Instant Cure”. 11 Contemporary Views. 12 Distinguishing Sexual Identity from Sexual Behaviour . 13 Defining Sexual Orientation . 14 Sexual Identity and its Development . 16 Personal and Social Identity . 16 Theories of Identity Development . 17 Gay Identity within Contemporary Western Society. 19 Definitions and Language Use within this Thesis . 20 Terminology . 20 Use of Masculine Pronouns . 20 Overview of the Thesis . 21 CHAPTER TWO: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF GAY IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING . 23 Summary. 23 Introduction. 24 A Review of Gay Identity Formation . 24 Models of Homosexual Identity Formation. 25 Descriptive Models of Homosexual Identity Formation. 25 Stage Models of Homosexual Identity Formation . 25 Cass’ (1979) Model of Homosexual Identity Formation . 28 The Developmental Process Described by Cass (1979). 30 Stages of Cass’ (1979) Model of Homosexual Identity Formation. 32 Critical Evaluation of Cass’ (1979) Model of Homosexual Identity Formation. 46 The Gay Identity Questionnaire. 48 Summary. 51 Do Lesbians and Gay Men Have Poorer Psychosocial Well-Being than Heterosexual Men and Women? 52 Prejudice and Discrimination: Challenges to the Well-Being of Gay People. 53
Assessment of Hepatitis B Viral Infection as a Predictor of Hepatic Enzymes and Compounds Alteration among Antenatal Patients

Worldwide, hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection continues to be a major public health issue. The study was aimed at assessing HBV infection as a predictor of hepatic enzymes and compounds alteration among antenatal patients in Kano State, Nigeria. Sera were screened for HBV markers using immunochromatograhy and ELISA. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), asphatate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin and bilirubin were also determined. Out of the 160 patients, 6.9% and 31.3% tested positive for HBsAg and HBcAb, respectively. None tested positive for HBeAg. These markers also appeared in other combinations. Of the HBsAg seropositives, 72.7% showed abnormal levels of both AST and ALP, 36.7% showed abnormal levels of both total and direct bilirubin, 9.1% showed abnormal levels of albumin, and none showed abnormal levels of ALT. HBsAg seropositivity shows significant association with ALP elevation (p = 0.02). The study revealed that few subjects (1.3%) that tested positive for HBsAg and HBeAb with normal ALT were in the inactive carrier phase of chronic hepatitisand6.9% that were seronegatives for all HBV markers equally had altered hepatic enzymes. The presence of HBeAg in the serum during HBV infection seems to cause a marked elevation of ALT level, while the reverse happens if HBeAg is absent. HBV infection can alter levels of hepatic enzymes and compounds and thus serve as one of its predictors, however; pregnancy can also lead to some of these alterations, which makes it difficult to establish the origin of these alterations among antenatal patients.
Percutaneous tracheostomy, a systematic review

Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a common procedure in intensive care units and the identification of the best technique is very important. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized studies comparing different PDT techniques in critically ill adult patients to investigate if one technique is superior to the others with regard to major and minor intraprocedural complications.
Specific recognition of rpsO mRNA and 16S rRNA by Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S15 relies on both mimicry and site differentiation

The ribosomal protein S15 binds to 16S rRNA, during ribosome assembly, and to its own mRNA (rpsO mRNA), affecting autocontrol of its expression. In both cases, the RNA binding site is bipartite with a common subsite consisting of a G•U/G‐C motif. The second subsite is located in a three‐way junction in 16S rRNA and in the distal part of a stem forming a pseudoknot in Escherichia coli rpsO mRNA. To determine the extent of mimicry between these two RNA targets, we determined which amino acids interact with rpsO mRNA. A plasmid carrying rpsO (the S15 gene) was mutagenized and introduced into a strain lacking S15 and harbouring an rpsO–lacZ translational fusion. Analysis of deregulated mutants shows that each subsite of rpsO mRNA is recognized by a set of amino acids known to interact with 16S rRNA. In addition to the G•U/G‐C motif, which is recognized by the same amino acids in both targets, the other subsite interacts with amino acids also involved in contacts with helix H22 of 16S rRNA, in the region adjacent to the three‐way junction. However, specific S15–rpsO mRNA interactions can also be found, probably with A(−46) in loop L1 of the pseudoknot, demonstrating that mimicry between the two targets is limited.
Disaggregation of sectors in social accounting matrices using a customized Wolsky method: a comment on its estimation bias

ABSTRACT Barrera–Lozano et al. (2015) suggest an approach to disaggregate SAM matrices using a customized method based on Wolsky (1984). Starting from an aggregated sector, they propose the extraction of a branch instead of its partition. This study compares these two methods based on the magnitude of their estimation bias of the disaggregated technical coefficient matrix. From simulations of the disaggregated Leontief matrix, this work calculates linkages and multipliers for common sectors derived from using either the Wolsky (1984) sectoral disaggregation or the Barrera–Lozano et al. (2015) sectoral extraction. Results show that both approaches provide biased estimators, with the last one showing a significantly higher bias, especially in cases of incomplete information. This comparison suggests the need of additional research to provide bias corrections for input–output disaggregation methodologies.
Review article: the overlap between functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome — a tale of one or two disorders?

Functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome are currently considered to be two separate nosological entities. However, the overlap of symptoms and the evidence of a number of common pathophysiological characteristics suggest that functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome may be different presentations of the same disorder. In this review, we critically appraise points in common, as well as differences, in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and response to treatment of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Population‐based studies and large case series show that one‐ to two‐thirds of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome have symptoms that overlap with functional dyspepsia. Symptom analyses have generally failed to support functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome as separate entities. An exaggerated motor response to meals, delayed gastric emptying and abnormal small bowel and colonic transit can all be found in subsets of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, and are not exclusive to either condition. Visceral hypersensitivity is a common feature to both entities and seems unlikely to be site or disease specific. There is good evidence for the post‐infectious development of irritable bowel syndrome, and this may also apply in functional dyspepsia. Psychiatric comorbidities are similar in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Several common drug classes (prokinetics, visceral analgesics, psychoactive agents) may similarly improve both functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. The evidence available suggests that at least subsets of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome represent different manifestations of a single entity. The identification of common pathophysiological targets for therapy should be pursued in future research.
Functional Comparison between Secretory Pathway Ca2+/Mn2+-ATPase (SPCA) 1 and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) 1 Isoforms by Steady-state and Transient Kinetic Analyses*

Steady-state and transient kinetic studies were performed to functionally analyze the overall and partial reactions of the Ca2+ transport cycle of the human secretory pathway Ca2+/Mn2+-ATPase 1 (SPCA1) isoforms: SPCA1a, SPCA1b, SPCA1c, and SPCA1d (encoded by ATP2C1, the gene defective in Hailey-Hailey disease) upon heterologous expression in mammalian cells. The expression levels of SPCA1 isoforms were 200–350-fold higher than in control cells except for SPCA1c, whose low expression level appears to be the effect of rapid degradation because of protein misfolding. Relative to SERCA1a, the active SPCA1a, SPCA1b, and SPCA1d enzymes displayed extremely high apparent affinities for cytosolic Ca2+ in activation of the overall ATPase and phosphorylation activities. The maximal turnover rates of the ATPase activity for SPCA1 isoforms were 4.7–6.4-fold lower than that of SERCA1a (lowest for the shortest SPCA1a isoform). The kinetic analysis traced these differences to a decreased rate of the E1∼P(Ca) to E2-P transition. The apparent affinity for inorganic phosphate was reduced in the SPCA1 enzymes. This could be accounted for by an enhanced rate of the E2-P hydrolysis, which showed constitutive activation, lacking the SERCA1a-specific dependence on pH and K+
Rooting of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) juvenile cuttings in microtunnels

The seeds of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) have high levels of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, and due to their nutraceutical potential, their demand in the international market has increased in recent years. This study aims at developing a method for rooting juvenile cuttings of sacha inchi in microtunnels, in order to propagate plants with superior genetic traits and shorten production cycles. Two experiments were carried out in randomized complete block designs. In the first were used juvenile cuttings of 8 cm and 2000 ppm of IBA according to previos studies, and tested two types of substrates (sand and Jiffy pellets) and two frequencies of nebulized irrigation (once per day and three times per day, each application was for 30 seconds). In the second experiment were used again cuttings of 8 cm, and tested three levels of leaf area (25, 50 and 75 cm2) and five concentrations of indolebutyric acid (0, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show that using Jiffy pellets, one nebulized irrigation per day, juvenile cuttings of 8 cm length with 75 cm2 of leaf area, and 2000 ppm of indolebutyric acid induced high percentages of rooting (93.3%) and the best root formation in the process of vegetative propagation of sacha inchi.
The role of gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for children with suspected acute pyelonephritis.

PURPOSE The diagnosis of pyelonephritis is primarily clinical. However, the history and physical findings can be confusing in children, leading to adjunctive nuclear renal cortical scintigraphic studies (99mtechnetium dimercapto-succinic acid [DMSA]) to confirm the diagnosis. Nonetheless, ambiguity occurs when differentiating between acute pyelonephritis and chronic scarring. We report our initial experience with gadolinium enhanced inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose acute pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine patients 7 months to 18 years old (mean age 81 months) underwent MRI to confirm radiographically a clinical suspicion of acute pyelonephritis. All patients had at least 1 prior episode of clinical pyelonephritis. Data were collected to determine whether acute pyelonephritic changes could be differentiated from chronic pyelonephritis on the basis of MRI characteristics. RESULTS Of the 9 patients 4 were identified as having acute pyelonephritis on MRI (persistently high signal intensity after gadolinium), 2 demonstrated evidence of postpyelonephritic scar (parenchymal loss without change in signal intensity), 1 had evidence of acute pyelonephritis and chronic changes, and 2 had a completely normal examination (decreased signal intensity after gadolinium). At our institution the billable cost of MRI to the patient is $1,329, while the billable cost of 99mtechnetium DMSA is $1,459. All patients younger than 6 years required intravenous sedation for MRI, whereas 70% of those younger than 6 years require intravenous sedation for DMSA scanning at our institution. MRI provided greater anatomical detail regarding the renal architecture without radiation exposure, and allowed the unambiguous diagnosis of acute versus chronic pyelonephritis scar in a 1-time (versus often multipart for DMSA) imaging study. CONCLUSIONS In cases where adjunctive imaging studies are useful to make a diagnosis gadolinium enhanced inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging allows the detection of acute pyelonephritis rapidly, cost-effectively and safely in the pediatric population.
Examination of the properties of IMRT and VMAT beams and evaluation against pre-treatment quality assurance results

This study aimed to provide a detailed evaluation and comparison of a range of modulated beam evaluation metrics, in terms of their correlation with QA testing results and their variation between treatment sites, for a large number of treatments. Ten metrics including the modulation index (MI), fluence map complexity, modulation complexity score (MCS), mean aperture displacement (MAD) and small aperture score (SAS) were evaluated for 546 beams from 122 intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment plans targeting the anus, rectum, endometrium, brain, head and neck and prostate. The calculated sets of metrics were evaluated in terms of their relationships to each other and their correlation with the results of electronic portal imaging based quality assurance (QA) evaluations of the treatment beams. Evaluation of the MI, MAD and SAS suggested that beams used in treatments of the anus, rectum, head and neck were more complex than the prostate and brain treatment beams. Seven of the ten beam complexity metrics were found to be strongly correlated with the results from QA testing of the IMRT beams (p < 0.00008). For example, values of SAS (with multileaf collimator apertures narrower than 10 mm defined as ‘small’) less than 0.2 also identified QA passing IMRT beams with 100% specificity. However, few of the metrics are correlated with the results from QA testing of the VMAT beams, whether they were evaluated as whole 360° arcs or as 60° sub-arcs. Select evaluation of beam complexity metrics (at least MI, MCS and SAS) is therefore recommended, as an intermediate step in the IMRT QA chain. Such evaluation may also be useful as a means of periodically reviewing VMAT planning or optimiser performance.
The Importance of Exercise and General Mental Health on Prediction of Property-Damage-Only Accidents among Taxi Drivers in Tehran: A Study Using ANFIS-PSO and Regression Models

The rate of traffic accidents in Iran is high, and the majority of the causes that must be investigated are human factors. The present study examined the effects of exercise and general health as human factors on the prediction of crash likelihood with the data collected from taxi drivers of Tehran. The data were collected using the general health questionnaire and a form entailing some items regarding the duration of daily exercise and sociodemographic information. The adaptive neurofuzzy inference system and particle swarm optimization (ANFIS-PSO) was used for tuning the parameters of membership function of the fuzzy model applied for this prediction. Thus system was compared with the more conventional methods, such as multiple regression and Poisson regression. To avoid the overfitting issue, the data were divided into 70% for training and 30% for validation. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) was also utilized as a determinant of goodness of fit between ANFIS-PSO and regression methods. The findings indicated that the number of minutes of daily exercise and mental health significantly influence property-damage-only (PDO) accidents of taxi drivers in Tehran, Iran. Furthermore, the results revealed that the hybrid model (ANFIS-PSO) not only had a better fit but also produced different results from those of the traditional regression models, which may be used in policymaking regarding the reduction of PDO accidents. Based on the results, performing daily exercise for more than 10 minutes would substantially reduce the PDO accidents among the taxi drivers in Tehran. The findings showed that ANFIS-PSO could be effectively implemented in the studies addressing accident frequency. Consequently, the policy makers should simply adopt some interventions to encourage the taxi drivers to perform daily exercise that not only improves their wellbeing but also reduces the risk of PDO accidents.
First-year university student teachers' beliefs about teaching and the teaching profession : the case of Rwanda

This paper seeks to explore post-secondary student teachers' beliefs about teaching and the teaching profession in developing countries with reference to Rwanda. These beliefs indicate motivational influences to learning to teach. In most developing countries, teacher preparation at tertiary level combines professional preparation from high school and those without such experience.These students enter the programme with different preconceptions about and perceptions of the teaching profession. Exploring their beliefs brought to university teacher education, semi-structured interviews were conducted with first-year students and their lecturers in Rwanda. Findings indicate that the nature of beliefs that candidates with and those without a professional preparation bring to the programme plays a pivotal role in shaping their teaching identity. Results also suggest that these beliefs depend largely upon student teachers' prior knowledge,their learning experiences and the professional student teachers' socio-economic status in the context within which the teaching profession is practised. With regard to their stand or position on the teaching profession, student teachers with a professional preparation were all classified as traditionalist (those who fitted well in the career they were trained for), while those without such experience were mostly reservationists (those who were against the profession) and just a few maverick (those who accepted the profession because they could not do otherwise)and convert students (those who initially did not like the career but showed strong commitment to it).
The Impact of Modified Fractional Cloud Condensate to Precipitation Conversion Parameter in Revised Simplified Arakawa‐Schubert Convection Parameterization Scheme on the Simulation of Indian Summer Monsoon and Its Forecast Application on an Extreme Rainfall Event Over Mumbai

The impact of modified fractional conversion parameter (from cloud condensate to precipitation) in the revised simplified Arakawa‐Schubert (RSAS) convection scheme in Climate Forecast System version 2 on the simulation of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is examined. While the default fractional conversion parameter is constant in RSAS, the modified parameter has the form of an exponential function of temperature above the freezing level, whereas below the freezing, level it is kept constant. The model simulation indicates RSAS with modified conversion parameter (RSAS_mod) shows a better fidelity in capturing the mean monsoon features over the ISM region. The spatial distribution of precipitation shows notable improvement over the ISM region. Most of the global general circulation models has a tendency to grossly overestimate (underestimate) the convective (large‐scale) rainfall over the ISM region, which has somewhat improved in RSAS_mod simulation. It is suggested that reduced rate of conversion of cloud condensate to convective precipitation above the freezing level leads to suppression of convective precipitation, which further increases the detrained moisture from the upper‐level, resulting enhancement in large‐scale precipitation. Further, improvement has been noted in outgoing longwave radiation, wind circulation, total cloud fraction, and dynamical and thermodynamical processes in RSAS_mod simulation. The modified conversion parameter helps in improving the feedback between moisture and convective processes through better lower tropospheric moistening. In addition to mean summer monsoon, the RSAS_mod indicates its potential in predicting an extreme rainfall event over Mumbai in high‐resolution global forecast system at T1534 horizontal resolution. However, its fidelity needs to be further tested for more number of heavy rainfall events.
Impact of parasitic resistance and silicon layer thickness scaling for strained-silicon MOSFETs on relaxed Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ virtual substrate

This paper discusses the root causes of the fact that only slight performance improvement of MOSFET with strained-Si substrate has been achieved in short channel region (L < 100 nm). The performance improvement in short channel region is found to deteriorate mainly due to the parasitic resistance increase and tensile stress relaxation in the strained-Si layer. In regard to the parasitic resistance and the stress relaxation in small device geometry, the scaling impacts of strained-Si layer thickness (T/sub ss/) are investigated from the viewpoint of both DC and AC characteristics. Within this work, T/sub ss/ reduction down to 5 nm improves the current drive (I/sub d/) of nFET up to 6 % (L < 50 nm) compared with conventional bulk nFET. Propagation delay time (/spl tau//sub pd/) improvement in CMOS inverter is also observed to be more than 15 %. Finally, the impurity profile optimization is proposed to improve MOSFET performance toward the 45 nm node CMOS era.
Diet as a risk factors of prostate cancer: a literature review

Introduction Prostate cancer is indeed a raising health problem in the world. As our life expectancy improves, the prevalence of prostate cancer may also increase. Diet is believed to be one of the common major risk factors contributing to the development of prostate cancer. Objective This review aims to i) understand the effect of dietary habit towards risk of developing prostate cancer, ii) to summarize the published articles on risk of developing prostate cancer and iii) to provide information in designing the optimal diet for primary and secondary prostate cancer prevention. Methods A search was conducted to review published studies on prostate cancer and diet through PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Results High intake of red meat, processed meat and dairy products were commonly linked to the prostate cancer while consumption of antioxidants and certain vitamins may give protective mechanism towards prostate cancer. Conclusions Diet of low carbohydrates, n-3 PUFAs, colorful fruits and vegetables are still the best advice to counsel the patient while lifestyle of smoking and heavy alcohol intake should be avoided in preventing prostate cancer.