Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corpus numériques et production écrite en langue étrangère. Une recherche avec des apprenants d'allemand

Cette these en didactique des langues etrangeres montre le potentiel des corpus pour l'apprentissage de l'allemand au college. Conformement aux objectifs poursuivis dans une recherche-action, elle renseigne sur l'evolution des acteurs impliques dans un dispositif specifique, en tenant compte de facteurs multiples, tels que le type d'input, les outils, les modes de travail - en presentiel et a distance - et la relation pedagogique. J'ai observe les effets d'un scenario pedagogique, base sur l'exploitation de corpus specialises pour la creation de textes du domaine du tourisme. Les participants, des adolescents de niveau intermediaire en allemand, langue etrangere, ont explore les corpus a l'aide de lignes de concordances. J'ai analyse leurs discours et leurs actions face a l'input, et j'ai decrit l'evolution de certains aspects linguistiques et discursifs de leurs textes. Le projet et les outils proposes ont soutenu le developpement de modes de lecture qui ont favorise la recherche ciblee d'informations dans l'input. Le recyclage d'elements reperes dans l'input a mene, pour une partie des apprenants, a l'obtention de productions ecrites dont les caracteristiques linguistiques et discursives sont proches de celles attestees dans les corpus. L'ecriture intertextuelle a permis aux participants, a des degres variables, de se decentrer et de progresser dans l'apprentissage de l'alterite. L'observation de formes linguistiques a l'aide de lignes de concordances et l'integration de collocations identifiees dans l'input ont contribue au developpement du systeme linguistique, en particulier dans le domaine de la flexion des adjectifs.
Bumblebee visual search for multiple learned target types

SUMMARY Visual search is well studied in human psychology, but we know comparatively little about similar capacities in non-human animals. It is sometimes assumed that animal visual search is restricted to a single target at a time. In bees, for example, this limitation has been evoked to explain flower constancy, the tendency of bees to specialise on a single flower type. Few studies, however, have investigated bee visual search for multiple target types after extended learning and controlling for prior visual experience. We trained colour-naive bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) extensively in separate discrimination tasks to recognise two rewarding colours in interspersed block training sessions. We then tested them with the two colours simultaneously in the presence of distracting colours to examine whether and how quickly they were able to switch between the target colours. We found that bees switched between visual targets quickly and often. The median time taken to switch between targets was shorter than known estimates of how long traces last in bees' working memory, suggesting that their capacity to recall more than one learned target was not restricted by working memory limitations. Following our results, we propose a model of memory and learning that integrates our findings with those of previous studies investigating flower constancy.
Three-Year Outcome Effects of Former AWANA Timothy-Award Recipients

The present study follows Firmin, Kuhn, Michonski, and Posten (2005) in a series of empirical investigations regarding residual effects of former AWANA participants. We selected 24 Timothy award conducted in-depth interviews with each participant, utilizing a rigorous qualitative research method. Four themes were evident in analyzing the data: salient AWANA influences during the time of the child's participation in AWANA, the current life of the participants, social trends of the participants through their time in AWANA to present day, and the participants' thoughts and feelings on how they perceived AWANA to have been conducted.
Prevalence of hepatitis B vaccination among oral health care personnel in Mysore city, India.

BACKGROUND The transmission of blood borne virus in health care workers is a potential occupational hazard to patients as well as to the Oral Health Care Personnel (OHCP). Hepatitis B remains a serious threat to dental team. PATIENTS AND METHODS To assess the vaccination status and post vaccination antibody status of oral health care personnel against Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Descriptive Cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among the oral health care personnel of Mysore city. RESULTS Out of 300 oral health care personnel 256 (85.4%) were vaccinated for HBV infection and 44 (14.6%) had not taken vaccination. Highest frequency of vaccination was seen among dentists and least amongst dental lab technicians and other workers. This difference was highly significant among the different occupation groups (p= 0.001). CONCLUSION Majority of the OHCP of Mysore city have been vaccinated. Among them, dentists formed the majority group of vaccinated. But there was ignorance and less awareness regarding Hepatitis B vaccination among dental lab technicians and other workers like dental assistants and cleaning staff. Awareness amongst OHCPS against Hepatitis B vaccination has increased significantly over the years, but there are few who do not intend to get vaccinated.
Issues in methods and measurement of thermodilution cardiac output.

Criterion-related validity of the thermodilution cardiac output technique for cardiac output measurement has to have a high correlation (r = .91 to .98) with the direct Fick method, the gold standard of cardiac output measurement. Issues that can affect validity of the measurements include the position of the pulmonary artery catheter, the rate of injection of the indicator solution, the volume and temperature of the injectate, the timing of the injection of indicator solution during the respiratory cycle, the position of the subject, and the presence of concomitant infusions. Variation in measurement can be limited by considering the delivery system for the indicator solution, by recording time-temperature cardiac output curves, and by considering normal biologic variations.
Comment on “Monkey vocal tracts are speech-ready”

Charles Darwin was correct to wonder why humans have tongues and airways that can make us more susceptible to choking on food. Monkey vocal tracts are capable of producing monkey speech, not the full range of articulate human speech. The evolution of human speech entailed both anatomy and brains. Fitch, de Boer, Mathur, and Ghazanfar in Science Advances claim that “monkey vocal tracts are speech-ready,” and conclude that “…the evolution of human speech capabilities required neural change rather than modifications of vocal anatomy. ” Neither premise is consistent either with the data presented and the conclusions reached by de Boer and Fitch themselves in their own published papers on the role of anatomy in the evolution of human speech or with the body of independent studies published since the 1950s.
Using a Short Form of the WISC-III: Sinful or Smart?

This article describes an example of making pediatric neuropsychological assessments more time-efficient. Empirical support, including new data, for the utilization of an eight-subtest short form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III; Wechsler, 1991) is reviewed. It is concluded that this short form of the WISC-III is a valid substitute for the complete version under most clinical circumstances, allowing the practitioner to expand on interview, history or more specific neuropsychological tests without adding financial or time burdens to the evaluation.
Lactoferrin Down-Regulates G1 Cyclin-Dependent Kinases during Growth Arrest of Head and Neck Cancer Cells

The molecular mechanism of lactoferrin-induced cell growth inhibition is incompletely understood. Studying head and neck cancer cells treated with human lactoferrin, we observed growth arrest in three of four cell lines tested. This growth arrest was caused by cell cycle inhibition at the G0-G1 checkpoint. Lactoferrin-induced growth inhibition was associated with a large increase in p27 protein, accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, and suppression of cyclin E. Decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt were also observed in lactoferrin-sensitive cell lines after treatment. These findings suggest that in head and neck cancer cells the growth inhibitory effects of lactoferrin are mediated through a p27/cyclin E-dependent pathway that may be modulated in part by changes in Akt phosphorylation.
Establishing the Carcinogenic Risk of Immunomodulatory Drugs

The first effective immunosuppressive drug (ISD) was azathioprine, approved in 1968. Early experience with this drug suggested that patients might have an excess risk of tumors including lymphoma and skin tumors. Comparison among various registries has shown that the cumulative risk of tumors increases over time. The risk is additionally increased by the more intense immunosuppressive regimens needed for lung or heart-lung transplants. The link between immunosuppression and tumorigenesis was further reinforced by the high concordance of tumor types between transplant and HIV patients. The role of the immune system in tumor defense includes both direct tumor surveillance and immunity against oncogenic viruses. In transplant patients, at least two-thirds of the lymphomas are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–positive. Existing methods of testing for carcinogenicity are not considered adequate to identify the hazard of tumorigenesis due to these drugs. Research is ongoing in Food and Drug Administration laboratories and at collaborators’ laboratories to evaluate experimental systems that may have the ability to adequately identify this class of hazard. Initial work is on various model systems similar to EBV. These include the MHV-68 mouse model, lymphocryptovirus (LCV-1) in the cynomolgus monkey, and preliminary work with mice with humanized immune systems using EBV directly.
Collaborative problem solving in design methods: Foundation elements for an integrated approach

Product design is a fundamental activity for company success. The challenge of industrial environment, based on the capability of innovation and problem solving, is dealt with numerous well-known methodologies. This paper presents a survey of these techniques and it is oriented to prove that the existence of common characteristics is the baseline for an integrated and synergic development of the methodologies. Moreover this work highlights not only technical aspects of the collaborative problem solving environment, but also analyses some fundamental needs (human and ICT) for problem solving teams. A perspective of future works, concerning methods and their integration, is finally provided.
Intrinsic properties of allergens and environmental exposure as determinants of allergenicity *

Allergens are some of the best studied proteins related to human disease, and yet, little is known about why these proteins are associated with the production of specific IgE antibodies in susceptible individuals, and the mechanisms involved in causing sensitization. Most IgE responses are elicited by environmental exposure to inhaled allergens. Chronic exposure to low levels of indoor allergens (1–10 mg/year) leads to specific IgE antibody production and is linked to the development of allergic asthma. Cockroach allergen exposure and sensitization, followed by dust mite and cat allergens, are strongly associated with asthma morbidity among inner-city children with asthma (1). In the past 5 years, several indoor allergens from cockroach, cat and dog were selected to study their molecular structure and function, by molecular cloning and/or molecular modeling based on the known three-dimensional structure of homologous proteins. Several hypotheses for allergenicity involving intrinsic properties of the allergen have been developed from these studies. These properties include integrity of the allergenic protein, resistance to degradation, binding capacity, proteolytic function and mimicry of the allergen with endogenous proteins. Key determinants for allergenicity involve dose and route of environmental exposure and genetic predisposition of the individual towards developing a Th2 response to specific allergens. Structural and functional diversity of allergens
Work Interruption Experienced by Nurses during Medication Administration Process and Associated Factors, Northwest Ethiopia

Background During medication administration process, including preparation, administration, and documentation, there is high proportion of work interruption that results in medication administration errors that consequently affect the safety of patients. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of work interruption and associated factors during medication administration process. Methods A prospective, observation-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 278 nurses. Structure observational sheet was utilized to collect data. EPI Info version 3.5. 3 and SPSS version 20 software were utilized for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were fitted to identify the associated factors using an odds ratio and 95% CI. Results The incidence of work interruption was found to be 1,152 during medication administration process. Of this, 579 (50.3%) were major/severe work interruptions. Unit of work, day of the week, professional experience, perceived severity of work interruption, source/initiator of interruption, and secondary tasks were factors significantly associated with major work interruptions at p < 0.05. Conclusion In this study, more than half of work interruption was major/severe. Thus, the authors suggest raising the awareness of nurses regarding the severity of work interruptions, with special attention to those who have lower work experience, sources of interruption, and secondary tasks by assigning additional nurses who manage secondary tasks and supportive supervision.
Moral or Authoritative Leadership: Which One is Better for Faculty Members?

While much has been written and empirically researched about leadership style, little effort has been made to make out what constitutes successful and effective leadership for university teachers of Pakistan. Paternalistic leadership is a promising body of research that has been tailored to the Pakistani context in this study. The research focuses on the impact of two most important dimensions of paternalistic leadership on the commitment and organization citizenship behavior of university teachers of Pakistan. A questionnaire was used in this research to survey the relationship among moral and authoritative leadership behaviors, organization citizenship behavior and organization commitment. Data was obtained from 798 faculty members from thirteen public sector universities of Pakistan. We found that: (i) morality increased teacher’s affective and continuance organization commitment, whereas authoritarianism negatively influenced the affective commitment; and (ii) morality positively affected the organization citizenship behavior and authoritarian paternalistic leadership negatively affected citizenship behavior.
Clinical characteristics and risks of large congenital melanocytic naevi: A review of 31 patients at the Sydney Children's Hospital

Large congenital melanocytic naevi (LCMN) are associated with an increased risk of malignancy and neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM). This Australian study aims to assess both the clinical characteristics of LCMN and the risks associated with it. The authors reviewed medical records of the Sydney Children's Hospital Dermatology Outpatient Clinic for the past 10 years and identified 31 eligible patients. A total of 14 boys and 17 girls with a median age of 0.13 years were assessed; 18 lesions were on the trunk, five were on the head, five were on the lower limbs and three were on the upper limbs. In all 20 patients had satellite naevi (the median number of the satellite naevi was 7.5). The patients were followed up for a median duration of 12 months. Central nervous system magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 19 patients and two (6.5%) were found to have NCM. Biopsies were performed on five patients; one patient (3.2%) was found to have benign proliferative nodules of undifferentiated spindle cells but no patient (0%) was found to have a malignancy. The clinical characteristics for the two patients with NCM and the patient with benign proliferative nodules suggest that the risk of both NCM and benign proliferative nodules may be greater with an increased number of satellite naevi and with the LCMN being larger in size.
Onset of Mechanical Activation of Mammalian Heart Muscle in Calcium‐ and Strontium‐Containing Solutions

The time course of the relationship between force, shortening velocity, and length during shortening was examined in mammalian heart muscle in calcium (Ca)-containing solutions and solutions with strontium (Sr) substituted for Ca by imposing load clamps of various amplitudes at various times during external shortening. The onset of this force-velocity-length relationship was measured by abruptly unloading the muscle at different times to nearly zero external load—by zero load clamping the muscle—under conditions of optimal damping; the subsequent unloaded active muscle shortening velocity was then analyzed with respect to time and length. In Ca- containing solution, the unloaded velocity in the length range around 90% of Lmax rose within 16% of the time required to reach peak isometric force to a maximum level appropriate to a given contractile state. Subsequently, the force-velocity-length relationship was independent of time at any load over a well-determined portion of external shortening. In Sr-containing solution, unloaded active velocity rose much slower to reach a steady state after 30–35% of the time to peak force, and the time independence of the force-velocity-length relationship was delayed until after this time. In Na-free Sr-containing solution, maximum unloaded shortening velocity and the time-independent portion of the force-velocity-length relationship were achieved again within 20% of the time to peak force. The effects of substitution of Sr for Ca thus resemble those of caffeine on mammalian heart muscle. These findings suggest a close relationship between the time course of the force-velocity-length relationship and the degree of activation.
Secreted glycoprotein myocilin is a component of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves

The structure of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves requires the expression of a specific set of proteins. In the present study, we report that myocilin, a member of the olfactomedin protein family, is a component of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves. Myocilin is a secreted glycoprotein that forms multimers and contains a leucine zipper and an olfactomedin domain. Mutations in myocilin are responsible for some forms of glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by a continuous loss of optic nerve axons. Myocilin mRNA was detected by Northern blotting in RNA from the rat sciatic and ophthalmic nerves. By one‐ and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins from the rat and human sciatic nerves, myocilin was found to migrate at an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.2–5.3 and a molecular weight of 55–57 kDa. Immunohistochemistry showed immunoreactivity for myocilin in paranodal terminal loops of the nodes of Ranvier and outer mesaxons and basal/abaxonal regions of the myelin sheath. Double‐labeling experiments with antibodies against myelin basic protein showed no overlapping, while overlapping immunoreactivity was observed with antibodies against myelin‐associated glycoprotein. The expression of myocilin in the sciatic nerve became detectable at postnatal day (P) 15 and reached adult levels at P20. No or minor expression of myocilin mRNA was found in brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. mRNA of myocilin was detected in schwannoma cells in situ, but at considerably lower levels than in myelinated nerves. Myocilin might significantly contribute to the structure of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First Dutch guidelines on lipedema using the international classification of functioning, disability and health

Introduction Lipedema is a chronic, progressive condition that can result in considerable disability. In 2011, the Dutch Society of Dermatology and Venereology organized a task force to create guidelines on lipedema, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health of the World Health Organization. Guideline development Clinical questions on significant issues in lipedema care were proposed, involving (1) making the diagnosis of lipedema; (2) clinimetric measurements for early detection and adequate follow-up; and (3) treatment. A systematic review of literature published up to June 2013 was conducted. Based on available evidence and experience of the task force, answers were formed and recommendations were stated. The guidelines define criteria to make a medical diagnosis of lipedema, a minimum data set of (repeated) clinical measurements that should be used to ensure early detection and an individually outlined follow-up plan, pillars on which conservative treatment should be based and recommendations on surgical treatment options. Conclusions Little consistent information concerning either diagnostics or therapy can be found in the literature. It is likely that lipedema is frequently misdiagnosed or wrongly diagnosed as only an aesthetic problem and therefore under- or mis-treated. Treatment is divided into conservative and chirurgic treatment. The only available technique to correct the abnormal adipose tissue is surgery. Recommendations To ensure early detection and an individually outlined follow-up, the committee advises the use of a minimum data set of (repeated) measurements of waist circumference, circumference of involved limbs, body mass index and scoring of the level of daily practice and psychosocial distress. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle with individually adjusted weight control measures, graded activity training programs, edema reduction, and other supportive measures are pillars of conservative therapy. Tumescent liposuction is the treatment of choice for patients with a suitable health profile and/or inadequate response to conservative and supportive measures.