Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The integration of safety and health aspects in chemical product design framework

Computer aided molecular design (CAMD) is a powerful technique to design molecules or chemical mixtures that fulfil a set of desirable target properties as specified by users. Molecular physical and thermodynamic properties are selected as the target properties to ensure that the designed molecules can achieve the property functionalities. However, the aspects of safety and health are not strongly emphasised as design objectives in many CAMD problems. In order to ensure that the synthesised molecule does not cause much harm and health-related risks to the consumers, it is critical to integrate both safety and health aspects as design factors in the current CAMD approaches. The main focus of this research is to develop a novel chemical product design methodology that integrates the concept of inherent safety and occupational health aspects in a CAMD framework. The generated molecules that are optimised with respect to the target properties must be evaluated in terms of their safety and health performance. The assessment is conducted by safety and health-related parameters/sub-indexes that have significant adverse impact on both aspects. This proposed approach ensures that a product that possesses the desirable properties, and at the same time meets the safety and health criteria, is produced. The next focus of this research is to generate optimal molecules with the desired functionalities and favourable safety and health attributes in a single-stage CAMD framework. Besides target properties, the concept of inherent safety and health is also considered as design objective to ensure that the synthesised molecules are simultaneously optimised with regards to both criteria. Fuzzy optimisation approach is applied to optimise these two principal design criteria in this work. As molecular properties are utilised as the parameters to examine the safety and health features of the molecules, these properties are often estimated through property prediction models. This research also focuses on the management of uncertainty resulted from properties used in the sub-indexes. The quantification of uncertainty helps to revise the safety and health measurement so that it can better reflect the inherent hazard level of the molecules. The fourth focus of this research is to address the limitations present in the current method of molecular hazard quantification. The enhancement is carried out by adopting the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator method with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach in the safety and health assessment. Two case studies on solvent design are considered to demonstrate the presented methodologies.
Improving the patient discharge process: implementing actions derived from a soft systems methodology study

ABSTRACT In the period from January 2013 to July 2014, three process change initiatives were undertaken at a major UK hospital to improve the patient discharge process. These initiatives were inspired by the findings of a study of the discharge process using Soft Systems Methodology. The first initiative simplified time-consuming paperwork and the second introduced more regular reviews of patient progress through daily multi-disciplinary “Situation Reports”. These two initiatives were undertaken in parallel across the hospital, and for the average patient they jointly led to a 41% reduction between a patient being declared medically stable and their being discharged from the hospital. The third initiative implemented more proactive alerting of Social Care Practitioners to patients with probable social care needs at the front door, and simplified capture of important patient information (using a “SPRING” form). This initiative saw a 20% reduction in total length of stay for 88 patients on three wards where the SPRING form was used, whilst 248 patients on five control wards saw no significant change in total length of stay in the same period. Taken together, these initiatives have reduced total length of stay by 67% from 55.8 days to 18.6 days for the patients studied.
Posits: the good, the bad and the ugly

Many properties of the IEEE-754 floating-point number system are taken for granted in modern computers and are deeply embedded in compilers and low-level software routines such as elementary functions or BLAS. This article reviews such properties on the posit number system. Some are still true. Some are no longer true, but sensible work-arounds are possible, and even represent exciting challenges for the community. Some represent a danger if posits are to replace floating point completely. This study helps framing where posits are better than floating-point, where they are worse, what is the cost of posit hardware, and what tools are missing in the posit landscape. For general-purpose computing, using posits as a storage format could be a way to reap their benefits without losing those of classical floating-point.
Level Design: Concept, Theory, and Practice

The level design concept theory and practice that we provide for you will be ultimate to give preference. This reading book is your chosen book to accompany you when in your free time, in your lonely. This kind of book can help you to heal the lonely and get or add the inspirations to be more inoperative. Yeah, book as the widow of the world can be very inspiring manners. As here, this book is also created by an inspiring author that can make influences of you to do more.
Lossy Image Compression with Recurrent Neural Networks: from Human Perceived Visual Quality to Classification Accuracy

Deep neural networks have recently advanced the state-of-the-art in image compression and surpassed many traditional compression algorithms. The training of such networks involves carefully trading off entropy of the latent representation against reconstruction quality. The term quality crucially depends on the observer of the images which, in the vast majority of literature, is assumed to be human. In this paper, we go beyond this notion of quality and look at human visual perception and machine perception simultaneously. To that end, we propose a family of loss functions that allows to optimize deep image compression depending on the observer and to interpolate between human perceived visual quality and classification accuracy. Our experiments show that our proposed training objectives result in compression systems that, when trained with machine friendly loss, preserve accuracy much better than the traditional codecs BPG, WebP and JPEG, without requiring fine-tuning of inference algorithms on decoded images and independent of the classifier architecture. At the same time, when using the human friendly loss, we achieve competitive performance in terms of MS-SSIM.
Trigonometric Parallaxes of High-mass Star-forming Regions: Our View of the Milky Way

We compile and analyze approximately 200 trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions of molecular masers associated with very young high-mass stars. Most of the measurements come from the BeSSeL Survey using the VLBA and the Japanese VERA project. These measurements strongly suggest that the Milky Way is a four-arm spiral, with some extra arm segments and spurs. Fitting log-periodic spirals to the locations of the masers, allowing for “kinks” in the spirals and using well-established arm tangencies in the fourth Galactic quadrant, allows us to significantly expand our view of the structure of the Milky Way. We present an updated model for its spiral structure and incorporate it into our previously published parallax-based distance-estimation program for sources associated with spiral arms. Modeling the three-dimensional space motions yields estimates of the distance to the Galactic center, , the circular rotation speed at the Sun's position, km s−1, and the nature of the rotation curve. Our data strongly constrain the full circular velocity of the Sun, km s−1, and its angular velocity, km s−1 kpc–1. Transforming the measured space motions to a Galactocentric frame which rotates with the Galaxy, we find non-circular velocity components typically ≲10 km s−1. However, near the Galactic bar and in a portion of the Perseus arm we find significantly larger non-circular motions. Young high-mass stars within 7 kpc of the Galactic center have a scale height of only 19 pc, and thus are well suited to define the Galactic plane. We find that the orientation of the plane is consistent with the IAU-defined plane to within ±0. °1, and that the Sun is offset toward the north Galactic pole by pc. Accounting for this offset places the central supermassive black hole, Sgr A*, in the midplane of the Galaxy. The measured motions perpendicular to the plane of the Galaxy limit precession of the plane to ≲4 km s−1 at the radius of the Sun. Using our improved Galactic parameters, we predict the Hulse–Taylor binary pulsar to be at a distance of 6.54 ± 0.24 kpc, assuming its orbital decay from gravitational radiation follows general relativity.
An Adaptive Sample Size Trust-Region Method for Finite-Sum Minimization

We propose a trust-region method for finite-sum minimization with an adaptive sample size adjustment technique, which is practical in the sense that it leads to a globally convergent method that shows strong performance empirically without the need for experimentation by the user. During the optimization process, the size of the samples is adaptively increased (or decreased) depending on the progress made on the objective function. We prove that after a finite number iterations the sample includes all points from the data set and the method becomes a full-batch trust-region method. Numerical experiments on convex and nonconvex problems support our claim that our algorithm has significant advantages compared to current state-of-the-art methods.
8 Crude Oil by EPR

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or Electron spin resonance (ESR) is a high resolution spectroscopy that consists in energy absorption of microwave, for electron spin, in the presence of a magnetic field (Ikeya, 1993). As the name itself suggests, EPR is applied in samples containing some paramagnetic species or used as an investigative method, to verify the presence of some paramagnetic species. Paramagnetism is characteristic of species with a total magnetic moment different from zero.
Title Investigation of the micro-mechanics of sand – rubber mixtures atvery small strains

This study presents a series of discrete element method (DEM) simulations consisting of mixtures of stiff (sand) and soft (rubber) particles, subjected to monotonic triaxial shearing under constant volume at very small strains where pure elasticity governs the behaviour of the samples. The elastic shear moduli of the simulated pure sand and pure rubber samples were first calibrated to values reported in previous experimental works. Sand–rubber mixtures were then simulated with a focus on small-strain stiffness to examine the role of rubber content on the prevailed micro-mechanisms of the samples. The macro-mechanical response of the numerical mixtures showed a decrease in the elastic shear modulus and the deviatoric stress as the soft particle content increased, in line with observations from laboratory tests. Micro-scale information including coordination number, fabric tensor and normal contact force anisotropy was obtained for all tests and the contribution of each type of contact, i.e. sand–sand, rubber–sand or rubber–rubber, in the overall response of the samples, was analysed. The contact force network in the mixtures changed from being sand-dominated to rubber-dominated, with the presence of an intermediate zone in between rubber and sand particles forming a stable contact force network mainly by sand–rubber contacts. Each type of contact was seen to contribute differently to the deviatoric stress in the system as the rubber content increased.
Gender analysis of fish farming technologies adoption by farmers in Ondo State

The study was conducted with the purpose to unveil the gender gap in the adoption of fish farming technologies in Ilaje and Ese-Odo Local Government Areas of Ondo State. The study investigated the involvement of men and women at different stages of fish production, the level of adoption of available fishery technologies and their socioeconomic characteristics. Two hundred respondents were interviewed for the study via structured and pre-tested interview schedule, in the two purposively selected Local Government Areas using a multi stage sampling technique. Majority (80.0%) of the respondents were male and majority (76.3%) of male and (52.5%) of female farmers were found within the productive age of 31 to 60 years. Both male and female farmers (63.5 and 67.6%), respectively had low adoption level due to the characteristics of the technologies. However, men were found to be more involved at different stages of fish production except in processing and marketing where majority were found to be women. Moreso, the findings revealed that at p<0.01, there were significant differences in the level of involvement of men and women in all the stages of fish production except in processing of fish. In addition, at p<0.05, significant differences existed between men and women level of adoption of race-way method, water management techniques while at p< 0.01, there was a significant difference in fish feeding techniques between men and women fish farmers. The study concludes that fish farming in Ondo state is dominanted by male with low adoption of fish farming technologies. Gender equality principles should be mainstreamed into clear and effective technology development and dissemination to fish farmers in Ondo State with a view to enhancing fish production and sustainable socio-economic livelihood among fish farmers in Nigeria.
End-to-End Resume Parsing and Finding Candidates for a Job Description using BERT

The ever-increasing number of applications to job positions presents a challenge for employers to find suitable candidates manually. We present an end-to-end solution for ranking candidates based on their suitability to a job description. We accomplish this in two stages. First, we build a resume parser which extracts complete information from candidate resumes. This parser is made available to the public in the form of a web application. Second, we use BERT sentence pair classification to perform ranking based on their suitability to the job description. To approximate the job description, we use the description of past job experiences by a candidate as mentioned in his resume. Our dataset comprises resumes in LinkedIn format and general non-LinkedIn formats. We parse the LinkedIn resumes with 100\% accuracy and establish a strong baseline of 73\% accuracy for candidate suitability.
Water window soft x-ray source enabled by a 25  W few-cycle 22 µm OPCPA at 100  kHz

Coherent soft x-ray (SXR) sources enable fundamental studies in the important water window spectral region. Until now, such sources have been limited to repetition rates of 1 kHz or less, which limits count rates and signal-to-noise ratio for a variety of experiments. SXR generation at high repetition rate has remained challenging because of the missing high-power mid-infrared (mid-IR) laser sources to drive the high-harmonic generation (HHG) process. Here we present a mid-IR optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) centered at a wavelength of 2.2 {\mu}m and generating 16.5-fs pulses (2.2 oscillation cycles of the carrier wave) with 25 W of average power and a peak power exceeding 14 GW at 100-kHz pulse repetition rate. This corresponds to the highest reported peak power for high-repetition-rate mid-IR laser systems. The output of this 2.2-{\mu}m OPCPA system was used to generate a SXR continuum extending beyond 0.6 keV through HHG in a high-pressure gas cell.
Three-dimensional Distribution Map of H i Gas and Galaxies around an Enormous Lyα Nebula and Three QSOs at z = 2.3 Revealed by the H i Tomographic Mapping Technique

We present an IGM H i tomographic map in a survey volume of (cMpc3) centered at MAMMOTH-1 nebula and three neighboring quasars at z = 2.3. The MAMMOTH-1 nebula is an enormous Lyα nebula (ELAN), hosted by a type-II quasar dubbed MAMMOTH1-QSO, that extends over cMpc with no clear physical origin. Here we investigate the H i-gas distribution around MAMMOTH1-QSO with the ELAN and three neighboring type-I quasars, making the IGM H i tomographic map with a spatial resolution of 2.6 h−1 cMpc. Our H i tomographic map is reconstructed with H i Lyα forest absorption of bright background objects at z = 2.4–2.9: one eBOSS quasar and 16 Keck/LRIS galaxy spectra. We estimate the radial profile of H i overdensity for MAMMOTH1-QSO, and find that MAMMOTH1-QSO resides in a volume with fairly weak H i absorption. This suggests that MAMMOTH1-QSO may have a proximity zone where quasar illuminates and photoionizes the surrounding H i gas and suppresses H i absorption, and that the ELAN is probably a photoionized cloud embedded in the cosmic web. The H i radial profile of MAMMOTH1-QSO is very similar to those of three neighboring type-I quasars at z = 2.3, which is compatible with the AGN unification model. We compare the distributions of the H i absorption and star-forming galaxies in our survey volume, and identify a spatial offset between density peaks of star-forming galaxies and H i gas. This segregation may suggest anisotropic UV background radiation created by star-forming galaxy density fluctuations.
Interacting agents on complex networks and stochastic processes in them

During the last decades, a great number of processes has been described by complex networks. The complex network theory has been used successfully to describe and characterize natural, artificial and social systems, namely ecosystems, protein-protein interaction, the Internet and WWW and also social relationships. In this thesis we present some models of interacting agents in complex networks. Initially, we present a brief historical introduction (Chapter 1), followed by some basic notions of networks (Chapter 2) and the background and related relevant work for this thesis (Chapter 3). In Chapter 4 we present a study of an opinion model, in which agents reach an agreement. In Chapter 5 we investigated the evolution of branching trees embedded in Euclidean spaces and in Chapter 6 we study a model of current flow optimization and a simple optimization based model for growing networks with power-law degree distributions. Finally, in Chapter 7, we present our conclusions and perspectives.
Cumulus Ensemble Model . Part II : Applications for Studying Cloud Precipitating Processes and for NASA TRMM

The response of cloud systems to their environment is an important link in a chain of processes responsible for monsoons, the Mei-Yu frontal depres­ sion, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes and other climate varia­ tions (e.g., 30-60 day intra-seasonal oscillations). Numerical models of cloud properties provide essential insights into the interactions of clouds with each other, with their surroundings, and with land and ocean surfaces. Significant advances are currently being made in the modeling of rainfall and rain-related cloud processes (e.g., latent heat release), ranging in scales from the very small up to the simulation' of an extensive population of raining cumulus clouds in a tropicalor mid latitude-storm environment. Cloud models can also be used to convert the radiances received by cloud-observing microwave radiometers into rainfall rates. Remote sensing of cloud-top properties by high-flying aircraft bearing microwave and other instruments is now beginning to pro­ vide powerful tests of these models, particularly when these observations are augmented by simultaneous ground-based radar measurements. The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model is a multi-dimensional non-hydrostatic dynamidmicrophysical cloud model. It has been used to sim­ ulate many different mesoscale convective systems that occurred in various geographic IOcations. In part I (Tao and Simpson, 1993), a full description of the GCE model has been presented. In Part II (this paper), we provide an overview highlighting GCE model applications to the study of precipitation processes and to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (T RMM), a joint satellite project between NASA (U.S.A.) and NASDA (Japan).
Tele-Guidance System to Support Anticipation during Communication

Tele-guidance systems for the remote monitoring and maintenance of equipment have been extensively investigated. Such systems enable a remote helper to provide guidance to a local worker while perceiving local conditions. In this study, we propose a tele-guidance system that supports the anticipation of an interlocutor’s actions during communication. Our proposed system enables a helper and worker to anticipate each other’s actions by allowing them to move around in the workspace freely and observe each other’s non-verbal cues (e.g., body motions and other gestures) through a head-mounted display. We conducted an experiment to compare the effectiveness of our proposed method with that of existing methods (a simple tele-pointer) that support anticipation during communication.
Chung-Ruey Effect of Various Pollen Sources to Ability Fruit Set and Quality in ‘ Long Red B ’ Wax Apple T

By hand pollination was conducted to evaluated different pollen sources and their affects on fruit set and quality of wax apple. The following parameters were recorded: fruit set, seed set, fruit characteristics. Results showed that fruit set percentage with seed were significantly high in ‘Long Red B’ when ‘Black’, ‘Thyto’ were used as pollen parents. Pollen of ‘Black’, ‘Thyto’ resulted in high fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, bigger flesh thickness, better total soluble solids as compared with other pollens. The observation of pollen-growth in vitro revealed that pollen germination at 15% sucrose concentration are required for optimum pollen germination with the high pollen germination were found in ‘Black’, ‘Thyto’. From the result, we concluded that ‘Black’, ‘Thyto’ were proved to be good pollinizers in ‘Long Red B’. Therefore, artificial cross-pollination using ‘Black’, ‘Thyto’ as pollinizers were strongly recommended for ‘Long Red B’ cultivar in wax apple orchard. Keywords—Wax apple, pollination, pollen source, in vitro, fruit quality.
Title Mechanical stimulation by postnasal drip evokes cough

Cough affects all individuals at different times, and its economic burden is substantial. Despite these widespread adverse effects, cough research relies on animal models, which hampers our understanding of the fundamental cause of cough. Postnasal drip is speculated to be one of the most frequent causes of chronic cough; however, this is a matter of debate. Here we show that mechanical stimuli by postnasal drip cause chronic cough. We distinguished human cough from sneezes and expiration reflexes by airflow patterns. Cough and sneeze exhibited one-peak and two-peak patterns, respectively, in expiratory airflow, which were also confirmed by animal models of cough and sneeze. Transgenic mice with ciliary dyskinesia coughed substantially and showed postnasal drip in the pharynx; furthermore, their cough was completely inhibited by nasal airway blockade of postnasal drip. We successfully reproduced cough observed in these mice by injecting artificial postnasal drip in wild-type mice. These results demonstrated that mechanical stimulation by postnasal drip evoked cough. The findings of our study can therefore be used to develop new antitussive drugs that prevent the root cause of cough.