Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Governance of Ageing: Challenges for Local Government in Partnering with the Seniors' Sector

Abstract This paper considers the role local government plays in the formation and effectiveness of local collaborative partnerships in ageing well. Collaborative processes are central to emerging models of local governance and have received considerable practical and theoretical consideration with respect to many policy domains. Such collaborations require local organisations and actors from various sectors to work together in partnerships and networks to achieve policy goals. This paper reports research from two collaborations in southeast Queensland municipalities, and shows that joint efforts between local government and community organisations pose challenges. These relate to the political context and specifically to the tensions between flexibility and coordination; and tensions between harnessing community resources and investing resources. We highlight the value of a framing role for local government to ensure that such governance models for local action on ageing realise a collaborative advantage. In particular, the findings highlight the need for local government to invest in these processes and build social infrastructure and assets in order to develop improved ways of facilitating collaborative governance.
Better to shop than to vote

This paper begins by reflecting on the current generalised political apathy signalled by low voter turnout and falling party membership. It would appear that people are exercising political choices not at the ballot box but by means of consumer activism. Corporations respond to consumer pressure in a way that governments do not, and are gradually assuming the role of global political actors. But this is a dangerous state of affairs for several reasons. In the first place, social welfare can never be the core activity of corporations. Corporate social motives are commercial, and there is a danger that their social policy decisions will be driven by the logic of the market place rather than social need. Recession, for instance, will curtail their social responsiveness, as will decisions to relocate. It is also the case that partnerships between governments and corporates run the risk of removing checks on the growth and abuse of corporate power. And finally, what price does society have to pay for the growth of corporate benevolence?
Theoretical basis for a method of distribution of market share changes in international trade

O metodo desenvolvido por Chami para distribuir as participacoes de cada pais exportador entre seus competidores em um determinado mercado tem sido aplicado na literatura, mas ainda nao foi associado a qualquer teoria. Este artigo procura examinar os modelos de comercio que podem oferecer os fundamentos teoricos para o metodo, clarificando as suposicoes necessarias aos seus resultados. Mostra-se que o metodo e consistente com a maioria dos principais modelos de comercio encontrados na literatura.
Chinese Cultural Values: Their Implications for Travel and Tourism Marketing

Abstract The influence of cultural values on behavior has been well documented (Adler and Graham, 1989; Hofstede, 1980). However, very limited research has been reported on the linkages between cultural values of the Chinese people and their preferences and expectations as consumers. The China market, with one quarter of the world population, has been recognized as the market with the greatest buying potential for the 21st century. This paper aims to highlight and discuss the dominant Chinese cultural values and their implications for travel and tourism marketing. A conceptual framework of dominant Chinese cultural values is presented and it is followed by a discussion of the cultural attributes of the framework with possible marketing implications for each attribute for the hospitality and tourism industry. Based on the framework, hypotheses are presented to stimulate future research.
Substance dependence: Decades apart in a teaching hospital

Aim: The present study was done to understand the changing trends in substance dependence across decades. Settings and Design: It is a retrospective study done in Department of Psychiatry in a Teaching Hospital setting. The data of patients who attended the OPD for substance dependence during the months January to December in the years 1985 & 1986, 1995 & 1996 and 2005 & 2006 were collected and analysed. Materials and Methods: A total of 839 new patients with substance dependence identified according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) (n = 839) was analysed in the present report. Study variables taken into account are alcohol dependence, polysubstance dependence which also includes alcohol, age, sex, age of initiation of substance use, duration of use, and comorbidity. Statistical Analysis: Z-test, Chi-square test, mean, percentages, standard deviation. Results: Substance dependence constituted 5.32% in 1985 and 1986, 5.02% in 1995 and 1996, and 4.05% in 2005 and 2006 of the newly registered total psychiatric patients. The variation in incidence figures across the years is statistically not significant (P > 0.05). Among the substance dependents 2% in 1985 & 1986, 1% in 1995 & 1996 and 1% in 2005 & 2006 were females. Majority of the patients were alcohol dependent (87.2% in 1985 and 1986, 89.4% in 1995 and 1996, and 79.6% in 2005 and 2006). Polysubstance dependence showed an increasing trend and it was statistically significant. Comparison of the years 1985 and 1986 with 2005 and 2006 gives Z = 2.4, P < 0.05 (statistically significant). Comparison of the years 1995 and 1996 with 2005 and 2006 gives Z = 3, P < 0.01 (significant statistically). Number of people getting initiated to substance use in early age (viz. 10-19 years) showed an increasing trend. People with positive family history of substance dependence started using substances early in life. (Chi-square value: 164.7, P < 0.0001, significant statistically). In polysubstance dependence comorbidity was more (Z = 4.1, P < 0.001, significant statistically). Conclusions: Incidence of substance dependence remained the same across the two decades. But incidence of polysubstance dependence is increasing over the years. People start using substances earlier and are becoming dependent earlier in their lives in the present decade. Polysubstance dependence is correlated with greater comorbidity. Early recognition of comorbidity and its management is essential for better prognosis. Substance dependence is exclusively a male diagnosis in our population.
Carbon footprint of the University of Cape Town

Since signing the Talloires Declaration in 1990, the University of Cape Town (UCT) has been striving to set an example of environmental responsibility by establishing environmentally sound policies and practices, and by developing curricula and research initiatives to support an environmentally sustainable future. One of the most recent efforts in this quest was the release of a Green Campus Action Plan for the University of Cape Town by the Properties and Services Department in 2008. While the Plan proposed a number of carbon emission mitigation interventions for the University, it also stressed the need to conduct a detailed and comprehensive carbon footprint analysis for the whole University. The aim of this analysis was to determine the carbon footprint of UCT, not only to give a tangible number with which the University’s carbon sustainability level can be compared with other academic institutions, but also to provide the much needed baseline against which future mitigation efforts on the university campus can be measured. UCT’s carbon footprint for the year 2007 was found to be about 83 400 tons CO2-eq, with campus energy consumption, Transportation and Goods and Services contributing about 81%, 18% and 1% the footprint respectively. Electricity consumption alone contributes about 80% of all the emissions associated with university activities. UCT’s per-capita emissions for 2007 amount to about 4.0 tons CO2-eq emissions per student. For comparison only, South Africa’s 2007 per capita emissions were estimated at 10.4 tons CO2-eq. In terms of energy consumption only, UCT’s footprint is about 3.2 tons CO2-eq per student, higher than the National University of Lesotho’s value of 0.1 and much lower than Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s value of 33.1.
Innovation and Change in Japanese Human Resource Management

Japanese enterprises are undergoing change as they confront the new competitive pressures created by globalization and the economic restructuring of the 1990s. This paper examines the nature and extent of the changes to human resource management in four Japanese multinational firms. The research found that all companies are undergoing change, although only one could be considered to be in a period of transformation. The research also showed that lifetime employment and seniority-based wages and promotion were under considerable pressure. The final configuration of HRM is difficult to predict but it is likely that a more performance-based system of compensation and promotion is the most likely outcome.
Professional Staffing Levels and Fourth- Grade Student Research in Rural Schools with High-Poverty Levels

Rural schools in high-poverty areas are often understaffed. This descriptive phenomenological study examined fourth-grade state research projects in high-poverty rural Iowa schools to reveal the influence of school librarians’ staffing levels on student learning of research skills. To determine evidence of students’ critical literacy, ethical use of information, content learning, and understanding of the inquiry process, researchers analyzed twenty-four student work samples from eight schools, along with students’ responses to questionnaires and school librarians’ responses to surveys. Six (66 percent) student work samples in higher-staffed schools showed higher critical-literacy scores than those in the five lower-staffed schools. Six (of nine) students in higher-staffed schools garnered higher scores in ethical use of information. Content learning in all but one school was mainly factual. At the end of the project fourteen students (58 percent) posed new inquiry questions that were either conceptual or provocative.
The Rigid Disk Drive Industry: A History of Commercial and Technological Turbulence

In its early years, the disk drive industry was led by a group of large-scale, integrated firms of the sort that Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., observed in his studies of several of the world's largest industries. The purpose of this history is to explore why it was so difficult for the leading disk drive manufacturers to replicate their success when technology and the structure of markets changed. The most successful firms aggressively developed the new component technologies required to address their leading customers’ needs, but this attention caused leading drive makers to ignore a sequence of emerging market segments, where innovative disk drive technologies were deployed by new entrants. As the performance of these new-architecture products improved at a rapid pace, the new firms were eventually able to conquer established markets as well. As a consequence, most of the integrated firms that established the disk drive industry were driven from it, displaced by networks of tightly focused, less integrated independent companies.
Child Protection in Sport: Reflections on Thirty Years of Science and Activism

This paper examines the responses of state and third sector agencies to the emergence of child abuse in sport since the mid-1980s. As with other social institutions such as the church, health and education, sport has both initiated its own child protection interventions and also responded to wider social and political influences. Sport has exemplified many of the changes identified in the brief for this special issue, such as the widening of definitional focus, increasing geographic scope and broadening of concerns to encompass health and welfare. The child protection agenda in sport was initially driven by sexual abuse scandals and has since embraced a range of additional harms to children, such as physical and psychological abuse, neglect and damaging hazing (initiation) rituals. Whereas in the 1990s, only a few sport organisations acknowledged or addressed child abuse and protection (notably, UK, Canada and Australia), there has since been rapid growth in interest in the issue internationally, with many agencies now taking an active role in prevention work. These agencies adopt different foci related to their overall mission and may be characterised broadly as sport-specific (focussing on abuse prevention in sport), children’s rights organisations (focussing on child protection around sport events) and humanitarian organisations (focussing on child development and protection through sport). This article examines how these differences in organisational focus lead to very different child protection approaches and “solutions”. It critiques the scientific approaches used thus far to inform activism and policy changes and ends by considering future challenges for athlete safeguarding and welfare.
Co-movements between US and UK stock prices: the roles of macroeconomic information and time-varying conditional correlations

This paper develops an open-economy intertemporal growth model with We provide evidence on the sources of co-movement in monthly US and UK stock returns by investigating the role of macroeconomic and financial variables in a model with time-varying correlations. Cross-country communality in response is uncovered, with changes in US Federal Funds rate, UK bond yields and oil prices having negative effects in both markets. These effects do not, however, explain the marked increase in correlations from around 2000, which we attribute to time variation in the correlations of shocks to these markets. A regime-switching model captures this time variation well and shows the correlations increase dramatically around 1999-2000
Clinical Features and Treatment of Distal Intracranial Aneurysms

Abstract To analyze the clinical characteristics, therapies, and outcomes of distal intracranial aneurysms, the authors retrospectively studied the clinical and imaging data of 18 patients with distal intracranial aneurysms. There were 10 males and 8 females, aged from 11 months to 59 years (mean, 40.4 ± 11.4 years). All patients were diagnosed by digital subtract angiography. Aneurysm locations were as follows: distal anterior cerebral artery (n = 5), distal middle cerebral artery (n = 2), distal posterior cerebral artery (n = 6), distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 3), distal anterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 1), and distal superior cerebellar artery (n = 1). Endovascular embolization was performed on 16 patients, including coil embolization on 10 patients and embolization using Glubran 2 surgical glue on 6 patients, and 7 of the 16 patients also underwent parent artery occlusion. Aneurysms were all completely embolized at the first phase for these 16 patients. The other 2 patients underwent craniotomy with hematoma evacuation and complete aneurysm clipping. Postoperatively, 14 patients showed a good recovery, 2 patients had neurological deficits, 1 patient had seizures and was managed with drugs, 1 patient developed hydrocephalus, and a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed. Follow-up angiographies showed no aneurysm recurrence. Clinical manifestations of distal intracranial aneurysms are varied. Their treatment should follow the principle of individual choice. Endovascular embolization is an effective way to treat distal intracranial aneurysms; and for those with intracranial hematoma, craniotomy with hematoma evacuation and aneurysm clipping may be a feasible treatment.
Investigating the HLA component in rheumatoid arthritis: An additive (dominant) mode of inheritance is rejected, a recessive mode is preferred

We examined the mode of inheritance of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and estimated the genetic contribution of the HLA‐linked locus to the development of RA using data from 111 multiplex families (54 London, 57 Cleveland), and 43 randomly ascertained patients (Seattle). HLA‐DR4 was present in 78 multiplex probands (70%); a further 16 probands who were negative for DR4 were positive for DR1. Both DR4 and DR1 were significantly in excess when compared to control population frequencies (P < 0.001); an additional finding was an excess of DR7, although the numbers of probands with DR7 were small. Despite the well‐established HLA association with RA, neither recessive nor additive (dominant) modes of inheritance, nor any intermediate models have been ruled out using affected sib‐pair and antigen genotype frequency among patients (AGFAP) methods. However, in our study the AGFAP data for HLA‐DR4 and DR1 were close to recessive expectations (P = ns) while an additive (dominant) mode of inheritance was rejected (P < 0.001). The same results were obtained by an independent method which considered HLA‐DR transmission from affected parents to their affected children. The affected sib‐pair haplotype sharing method showed deviation from random expectations but did not allow discrimination between recessive and additive (dominant) modes. The effect of the HLA‐linked locus on familiarity accounted for only a 1.61‐fold increased risk to sibs over the population prevalence, compared to an observed value of 3.90. This indicated that there could be at least one other non‐HLA locus predisposing to RA with a weight that is slightly greater than that of HLA.
Identification and functional characterization of a second chain of the interleukin‐10 receptor complex

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a pleiotropic cytokine which signals through a specific cell surface receptor complex. Only one chain, that for ligand binding (IL‐10Rα or IL‐10R1), was identified previously. We report here that, although human IL‐10 binds to the human IL‐10R1 chain expressed in hamster cells, it does not induce signal transduction. However, the co‐expression of CRFB4, a transmembrane protein of previously unknown function belonging to the class II cytokine receptor family, together with the IL‐10R1 chain renders hamster cells sensitive to IL‐10. The IL‐10:CRFB4 complex was detected by cross‐linking to labeled IL‐10. In addition, the IL‐10R1 chain was able to be co‐immunoprecipitated with anti‐CRF antibody when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with IL‐10. These results demonstrate that the CRFB4 chain is part of the IL‐10 receptor signaling complex. Thus, the CRFB4 chain, which we designate as the IL‐10R2 or IL‐10Rβ chain, serves as an accessory chain essential for the active IL‐10 receptor complex and to initiate IL‐10‐induced signal transduction events.
Early Enteral Nutrition Is Superior to Delayed Enteral Nutrition for the Prevention of Infected Necrosis and Mortality in Acute Pancreatitis

Objectives The exact time of initiation of total enteral nutrition (TEN) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and its influence on the disease outcome are not well known. Methods An analysis of 197 cases with predicted SAP allocated to: group A (n = 97), early TEN (started within the first 48 hours after admission to hospital); and group B (n = 100), delayed TEN (started after 48 hours). Results Infection of necrosis/fluid collections occurred in 4 patients in group A and 18 patients in group B (P < 0.05). Respiratory failure and transfer to intensive care unit occurred more frequently in group B than in group A (15 vs 5 and 15 vs 3 patients; P < 0.05). Multiple-organ failure was observed in 9 patients in group A and 16 patients in group B (P > 0.05). Seven patients in group A and 11 patients in group B underwent surgery (P > 0.05). All 9 reported deaths occurred in group B (P < 0.05). The time to start TEN was a predictor of infected necrosis/fluid collection (odds ratio, 4.09; P = 0.028). Conclusions Delayed compared to early TEN is associated with higher mortality, increased frequency of infected necrosis/fluid collections, respiratory failure, and a need for intensive care unit hospitalization. Enteral nutrition in SAP should be started within 48 hours after admission to hospital.
SOCIAL HISTORY, BIOLOGY, AND THE EMERGENCE OF HIV IN COLONIAL AFRICA*

Abstract This essay considers how historians of Africa can draw from and critically contribute to biomedical debates. Recent virological research has established that the HIV/AIDS pandemic began with the passage of simian immunodeficiency viruses into human populations in the first half of the twentieth century. Current debates on the emergence of HIV are an opportunity for historians to engage with biomedical research to rethink social, political, and environmental histories of Africa. While biomedical writings focus on HIV ‘origins’, we propose a broader look at the historical changes associated with the beginnings of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
[The comparison of efficiency of supplement of the second phase in the program IVF-ET by dydrogesterone and progesterone].

The retrospective study was carried out to compare effectiveness of progesteron and dydrogesteron luetal phase support following in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. Two hundred and fifty eight patients undergoing IVF ET received progesteron in itramuscular injections. Two hundred sixty patients received dydrogesteron three times daily p.o. There were no differences in stimulation protocols, indications for IVF and IVF procedures. Pregnancy rate, implantation rate and spontaneous abortion rate were similar in both groups. The effectiveness of luteal phase support in patients undergoing IVF ET program by dydrogesteron and progesteron is similar with significantly lower costs for the last one.
Interruption costs, customer satisfaction and expectations for service reliability

This paper summarizes the results of a comprehensive study of the economic value of electric service carried out by Duke Power Company in cooperation with the Electric Power Research Institute in the US. In the study, customer interruption costs were estimated for generation, transmission and distribution outages of differing lengths occurring under varying circumstances. Interruption costs for momentary outages and voltage disturbances are also reported. In addition to these economic indicators of customer value of service, customer expectations for service reliability and power quality and their satisfaction with the service currently offered are reported. Statistical methods and procedures used in estimating interruption costs are described.
Divergence in HR Functional Roles in Local Government

Abstract In spite of a growing body of research on the position and role of HRM and the HR function in organizations, local government HRM has not received the attention it deserves. This article contributes to research on the role of the HR function by deploying a discursive perspective on how HR managers construct their function's role in the context of Finnish local government. Five discourses are located in the talk of HR managers, which show emerging discursive tensions and contradictions in the roles of the HR function in local government.
Insider Trading in the OTC Market

In this paper, the authors examine the profitability of insider trading in firms whose securities trade in the OTC/NASDAQ market. Although the evidence suggests timing and forecasting ability on the part of insiders, high transaction costs (especially bid-ask spreads) appear to eliminate the potential for positive abnormal returns from active trading. By implication, outside investors who mimic the trading of insiders are also precluded from earning abnormal profits. In addition, the authors provide evidence on the determinants of insiders' profits. The data suggest that insiders closer to the firm trade on more valuable information than insiders removed from the firm. Copyright 1990 by American Finance Association.