Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Determinants of Communication Satisfaction in Racially Concordant and Discordant Patient-Physician Interactions.

Introduction Although socioeconomic and race-related factors both influence the quality of medical encounters, it is not known how these effects differ between racially concordant and discordant medical visits. The current study investigated psychosocial determinants of physician visit satisfaction of Black adults based on a racial concordance of the medical encounter. Materials and Methods Data came from the Detroit Area Study, a community survey of adults in Michigan, United States. The current analysis included 336 Black individuals who had visited a White (n = 191) or a Black (n = 145) physician in the last year. The outcome was satisfaction with the quality of communication with the doctor. Demographics (age and gender), socioeconomic status (education and income), psychosocial factors (control beliefs and social support), race-related factors (having a close White friend, negative attitudes about Blacks, discrimination), and health status (chronic disease count, self-rated health, and distress) of the patient as well as race of the doctor were measured. We used multi-group structural equation modeling for data analysis, where the two groups were racially concordant (those who met a Black physician) and racially discordant (those who met a White physician) visits. Results Satisfaction with physician visit was lower in racially discordant than racially concordant encounters. In racially concordant visits, high education was associated with higher satisfaction; however, racial discrimination was associated with lower satisfaction. In racially discordant visits ((i.e., with a White doctor), having a White friend as well as high sense of control were associated with higher satisfaction, while negative attitudes about Blacks was associated with a lower level of satisfaction. Conclusions Racially concordant and discordant visits have different satisfaction levels. Racially concordant and discordant visits also have different predictors of communication satisfaction among Black patients. Socioeconomic status as well as racial attitudes and experiences impact the quality of communication of the Black patients with their doctors; however, these effects depend on the race of the doctor.
How Accurate are the Imf's Short-Term Forecasts? Another Examination of the World Economic Outlook

This paper analyzes the short-term forecasts for industrial and developing countries produced by the International Monetary Fund, and published twice a year in the World Economic Outlook (WEO). For the industrial country group, the WEO forecasts for output growth and inflation are satisfactory and pass most conventional tests in forecasting economic developments, although forecast accuracy has not improved over time, and predicting the turning points of the business cycle remains a weakness. For the developing countries, the task of forecasting movements in economic activity is even more difficult and the conventional measures of forecast accuracy are less satisfactory than for the industrial countries.
Crisis Brain Drain: Short-term Pain/Long-Term Gain?

In the context of the debt crisis, recession, austerity and their socio-political consequences, Greece is experiencing a new major wave of out-migration. Emigration has become a survival strategy for many people who are finding it hard to make ends meet, while, at the same time, it has also emerged as an increasingly appealing option for others in less pressing need, who see their chances of a career severely reduced. A large part of the outflow comprises young graduates, thus raising concerns about the negative impact of the ongoing brain drain on the country’s economy and society. The crisis-driven emigration of professionals that accounts for approximately two-thirds of the outflow has turned Greece into a major exporter of highly skilled labour to the countries of Northern Europe, thus replicating older ‘core‒periphery’ relations within the EU.
Circular Conversations and Missed Opportunities: Hierarchies of Nutrition Expertise in Post-Revolutionary Bolivia

Chronic malnutrition was one of the health problems the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario tackled after the 1952 Bolivian National Revolution. Actors working on the local, national, and international levels had different definitions of nutrition, understandings of the problem, and proposed solutions. These debates demonstrate the existence of hierarchies of expertise; national officials deemed knowledge about nutrition produced outside of Bolivia more valuable than that created by Bolivians working on the local level. These hierarchies of expertise caused tensions, miscommunications, and circular conversations that stymied the development of effective and efficient national programs.
Defence and attack of complex interdependent systems

Abstract A defender defends and an attacker attacks each of n interdependent targets which can operate or fail and be in 2n possible states. Interdependence is modelled from each target to each other target. Despite such systems usually being analysed numerically, this paper succeeds in determining analytical solutions, accounting for unit effort costs, target values, and contest intensities. Increasing interdependence from some targets to some other targets induce both players to exert higher efforts into the former targets. For 100% interdependent targets, the attacker encounters a substitution effect. In contrast, for independent targets the defender encounters a substitution effect, defending the essential targets. For similarly advantaged players, increased target contest intensities cause higher efforts and lower expected utilities. Both players may withdraw in both 100% interdependent and independent systems. Applying the model to the US economy, we illustrate how interdependence between petroleum refineries, oil and gas extraction and air transportation impact defence, attack and expected utilities.
Expenditure Composition, Fiscal Adjustment, and Growth in Low-Income Countries

This paper assesses the effects of expenditure composition as well as fiscal adjustment on economic growth in a sample of 39 low-income countries during the 1990s. The paper finds that strong budgetary positions and fiscal consolidation are generally associated with higher economic growth in both the short and long terms. The composition of public outlays also matters: Countries where spending is concentrated on wages tend to have lower growth, while those that allocate higher shares to capital and nonwage goods and services enjoy faster output expansion. Expenditure composition, along with the size of the fiscal consolidation and initial fiscal conditions, affects the sustainability of adjustment. Initial fiscal conditions also have a bearing on the nexus between fiscal deficits and growth.
Polymer-Induced Self-Assembly of a Three-Dimensional Mesoscale Structure

Three-dimensional (3D) self-assembly of mesoscale parts with tens to hundreds of micrometer scales, independent of the material properties, is demonstrated by simply adding an inert polymer, i.e., polyethylene glycol, with large molecular weight (4MDa) at a concentration of micrograms per milliliters. It is most likely that the depletion volume effect, a thermodynamical effect to maximize the entropy of the system, induces face-to-face bonds with microfabricated parts having flat faces. The optimum polymer concentration range yielding high assembling efficiency is found, where the bonding energy is large enough to stabilize the bonding and viscosity is small enough to allow frequent collisions. Using this strategy, a site-specific assembly of $60~\mu \text{m}$ cubic parts in cavities engraved on large receptor parts, distributed on either 2D or 3D faces, is successfully demonstrated. [2019-0035]
Labour Market Effects of General and Vocational Education over the Life-Cycle and across Time: Accounting for Age, Period, and Cohort Effects

A recent literature argues that the labour market returns to vocational education vary over the life cycle. Graduates with an occupation-specific educational degree have a smooth transition into the labour market but experience difficulties later in their career when their specific skills become obsolete. This life course penalty to vocational education is expected to be particularly strong in periods of rapid technological change. Existing literature has mostly studied this topic from the perspective of age effects but focused less on cohort and period effects. Moreover, it is unclear to what extent lower returns to vocational education in the late career vary across time periods. Using Labour Force Survey data for the Netherlands (1996–2012) we find that having a more occupation-specific educational degree increases the likelihood of being employed in early life and lowers the average job status. This initial advantage of a higher employment probability declines with age, and the disadvantage in job status increases as workers grow older. We find that these life-cycle effects have not, or only marginally, changed over time.
Career Experience and Executive Performance: Evidence from Former Equity Research Analysts

This study examines CEOs and CFOs who have prior work experience as equity research analysts. Consistent with backgrounds in forecasting and valuation, we find these executives provide earnings guidance that is more accurate than that of other executives, and their merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions generate significantly higher announcement returns. For available CEOs and CFOs, we examine their track records as research analysts with respect to forecasting accuracy and stock recommendation profitability. We find a positive association between a record of past forecasting accuracy and more accurate earnings guidance, as well as a positive association between past stock recommendation profitability and M&A announcement returns. Beyond these traits, we find these executives provide greater certainty in their answers to analysts during conference calls, especially when answering forward-looking questions. Finally, these executives’ firms exhibit superior accounting and stock return performance. Overall, our evidence suggests that early career skill sets can shape top executive performance outcomes.
Toward Better Resilience during the War Crisis; Case Study of Three Microfinance Institutions in Yemen

As a crisis, man-made or natural disaster, strikes, business management struggles to maintain business continuity and sustainability. The management takes several approaches to keep business running during turbulent times such as proactive approach and ad hoc approach. Organizations proactively prepare plans to face predictable changes; however, sometimes the unpredictable changes become very complicated and challenging which would negatively affect these organizations and their business continuity. As a result, it is very crucial for any organization to be well prepared to keep its business running during turbulent times. Currently, there is a major war going on in Yemen since 2015 that negatively affects most of the business sectors in Yemen. Microfinance sector is considered a very important sector in the country, and it is one of the sectors that is affected and hit hard by the ongoing conflict. Thus, a microfinance industry leader sought solutions. The researchers conducted a qualitative study with three microfinance pioneers in Yemen and interviewed 11 professionals from different management levels. This study found that the operation of the studied institutions has been interrupted by four majors’ turbulences and challenged by three market changes which drove these Microfinance Institutions MFIs to adapt their strategies and practices.
Factors influencing e-government adoption in Indonesia

viii CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW . 1 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 5 2.1 Worldwide Development of E-government . 6 2.2 E-government in Indonesia . 9 2.3 Factors Influencing E-government Adoption . 10 CHAPTER 3. METHODS AND PROCEDURES . 17 3.1 Survey Method . 17 3.1. 1 Sampling . 18 3.2 Variable Definition . 19 3.3 Data Analysis . 21 3.4 Survey . 22 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS . 23 CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION . 29 5.1 Theoretical Implications . 32 5.2 Practical Implications . 33 5.3 Limitations and Future Direction . 34 REFERENCES . 36
What's in it for Me? A Primer on Differences between Islamic and Conventional Finance in Malaysia

What attracts conventional investors to Islamic financial instruments? We answer this question by comparing Malaysian Islamic and conventional security prices and their response to macrofinancial factors. Our analysis suggests that Islamic and conventional bond and equity prices are driven by common factors. Likewise, especially in recent years, Islamic banks have responded to economic and financial shocks in the same way as conventional banks, suggesting that the gap between Islamic and conventional financial practices is shrinking.
Motivations for Long-Term Business Relations in the FMCG Sector

This study shows the result of a recent survey which focuses on corporate networks and long-term business contracts that constitute the main elements of networks. Within this context we examine the incentives for long-term customer and supplier relations in Hungarian corporate practice in the system of contacts for domestic and multinational chain stores and their suppliers as well as the areas of co-operation and characteristic features of businesses with differing motivations in respect of their longterm market relationships. This study is justified by the subjective opinion of the authors, pursuant to which the network of corporate relations may be examined through market relations. The most important such relationships are long-term partnerships related to business activity in the supply chain, constituting long-term fundamental connections in the corporate relations network.
The effect of motivation of judgment depends on the difficulty of the judgment.

Three studies tested the hypothesis that high levels of motivation facilitate accurate judgments when judgments are relatively easy but debilitate judgments when judgments are relatively difficult. Each study focused on a different judgmental heuristic, and each made use of different motivation and task difficulty manipulations. In all 3 studies, high levels of motivation increased judgmental accuracy in the case of easy judgments and decreased judgmental accuracy in the case of difficult judgments. Theoretical implications and ecological limitations of these findings are discussed.
Containment and support in Baltic Languages: Overview, experimental evidence, and an extended RCC as applied to Latvian and Lithuania

The paper deals with the spatial relations of containment and support in the Baltic languages in a geometric framework. The geometric framework in our research is based on Region Connection Calculus representing different combinations of two circles depending on primitive topological relation of connectedness and extended with the distance, size, orientation and partial occlusion primitives. The research summarises results of two experiments conducted with 105 Latvian and 106 Lithuanian native speakers, provides the interpretation of 8 support and 5 containment stimuli, and gives a preliminary overview of correlation between different independent variables and the granularity and length of the spatial descriptions. Our results indicate a great variation in interpreting the given stimuli in each language, but the contrastive empirical analysis reveals that heterogeneity of interpretation in both languages is similar. For perception of support and containment relations, axial information and connectedness are the determining primitives.
Factors Affecting Customer’s Bank Selection Decision: A Study on Commercial Bank in Jimma Town Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to examine factors affecting customers’ bank selection decision. The study employs cross sectional survey design and mainly conducted based on data collected through questionnaires and interviews. The Sample size of the study was 384. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS version (20). The descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as mean, percentage, ANOVA, correlation and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze collected data. The regression model summary shows that the all independent variables explain 53.5 % variability on bank selection decision and model explains significant variability of customer bank selection intention by five decision variables. The Findings revealed that; out of five factors ,four factors such that: technology factors, service quality factors, bank image and reputation factors, and convenience factors have significant and positive relation with bank selection decision while financial factor has insignificant relation with bank selection decision. As customers place more emphasis on factors like convenience, service quality, technology and bank image and reputation, Such factors better to be considered seriously by banks in their marketing strategies which help them to attract new as well as retain the existing customers.
School Feeding or General Food Distribution? Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Educational Impacts of Emergency Food Assistance during Conflict in Mali

We rely on a unique pre-crisis baseline and five-year follow-up to investigate the effects of emergency school feeding and general food distribution (GFD) on children’s schooling during conflict in Mali. We estimate programme impact on child enrolment, absenteeism and attainment by combining difference in differences with propensity score matching. School feeding led to increases in enrolment by 11 percentage points and to about an additional half-year of completed schooling. Attendance among boys residing in households receiving GFD, however, declined by about 20 per cent over the comparison group. Disaggregating by conflict intensity showed that receipt of any programme led to rises in enrolment mostly in high-intensity conflict areas and that the negative effects of GFD on attendance were also concentrated in the most affected areas. Conversely, school feeding mostly raised attainment among children residing in areas not in the immediate vicinity of the conflict. Programme receipt triggered adjustments in child labour. Thus, school feeding led to lower participation and time spent in work among girls, while GFD raised children’s labour, particularly among boys. The educational implications of food assistance should be considered in planning humanitarian responses to bridge the gap between emergency assistance and development by promoting children’s education.
Drinking patterns and attitudes about alcohol among New Zealand adolescents

ABSTRACT Questionnaires about alcohol use were administered to consenting Year 10 students at 10 secondary schools located in regions of Southland, Otago and Hawkes Bay (n = 579) to examine drinking patterns and attitudes about alcohol of 14–15-year-olds. The average age of first drink was 12.6 years, two years younger than previously reported, with no difference in age of first drink for different socioeconomic statuses or ethnicities. Fifty-four per cent self-reported having consumed alcohol, and 23% had done so at least once within the last four weeks, with 13% reported regularly drinking more than five drinks in one session. While almost half of the 14–15-year-olds in this study reported never drinking alcohol, 75 individuals reported regular binge drinking. This was more common for students in lower socioeconomic schools; almost a third of students in the lowest socioeconomic group reported drinking five or more drinks every time they drink. There may be benefits of alcohol education resources for children as young as 12 years.
A binary logistic regression model of the driver avoidance manoeuvers in two passenger vehicle crashes

The reactions of drivers may influences the risk and severity of car crashes. However, while studies have analysed drivers’ reactions in crashes, in general, little is known about the factors affecting crash avoidance maneuvers of two passenger vehicle crashes. To increase understanding in this area a statistical model is developed using the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) between the years 2009 and 2014. More specifically, a Pearson Chi-Square test is performed first to identify the significant variables, and then a Binary Logistic Regression Model is developed to identify the relative importance of the variables. The results of the model indicate that, elderly drivers or (65 years or older), are less likely to avoid crashes than other groups. Drunk or drugged drivers have a greater negative effect on engaging in crash avoidance maneuvers. Drivers of large size vehicles are more likely to react than those in smaller cars. Driving in adverse surface conditions, non-level profile, and rural roads, increases the likelihood of reacting. Hitting drivers have higher possibility to react than those in the hit vehicle. In future research, it is encouraged to investigation the relation between the driver’s reaction for hit and hitting drivers and crash severity using Binary Logistic Regression Model.
Development and Adoption of Innovations Developed by Patients

Patients of chronic diseases, and their informal caregivers, often innovate by developing new solutions to help them cope with their health disorders. This phenomenon has been receiving growing attention from innovation and medical scholars, but little is known about the healthcare factors contributing to the process. Also, peer adoption of the solutions developed by patients or caregivers has not been studied. Given easy access to vast internet resources and peers globally, it is increasingly important to understand what may influence user innovation and its adoption in health, for improving individual well-being and ensuring their safety. In particular, how interactions with peers, with physicians, or search behavior, along with socio-demographics, may influence the decision to develop a solution or adopt one developed by a peer. In this study, we analyze the development and peer-to-peer adoption of user innovations in healthcare and identify individual-level factors associated with these processes. Data was collected via computer-assisted phone survey, from a large, random, and representative sample of adult residents in Portugal (N=6204). We find that in the population considered in this study, estimated 1.3% reported having developed a solution for own use and 3.3% reported to have adopted a solution developed by peers. The three groups (Developers, Adopters, Remaining population) have distinctive characteristics. Gender plays an important role in the solution development, as women are less likely to develop one. Education is positively associated with the development activity, but also with the intentions to adopt a peer-developed solution. Search for health-related information is positively associated with the development, adoption, and the intentions to adopt a solution. Interactions with peers over the internet and rare, but in-person interactions are frequent and have positive association with the dependent variables in all three groups. The results also suggest that the trust in doctors represents an important dimension that shapes the attitudes of the population towards peer-developed solutions. Development and adoption of innovations developed by patients