Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atom-interferometry constraints on dark energy

Limiting unknows in the dark side Our knowledge of the inventory of stuff that makes up our universe amounts to a humbling 5%. The rest consists of either dark energy (~70%) or dark matter (~25%). Using atom interferometry, Hamilton et al. describe the results of experiments that controlled for dark energy screening mechanisms in individual atoms, not bulk matter. Aprile et al. report on an analysis of data taken with the XENON100 detectors aiming to identify dark matter particles directly by monitoring their rare interaction with ordinary matter. In this setup, a large underground tank of liquid xenon forms a target for weakly interacting m assive particles. These combined results set limits on several types of proposed dark matter and dark energy candidates (see the Perspective by Schmiedmayer and Abele). Science, this issue p. 849, p. 851; see also p. 786 Cold atom experiments can constrain proposed theories of dark energy. [Also see Perspective by Schmiedmayer and Abele] If dark energy, which drives the accelerated expansion of the universe, consists of a light scalar field, it might be detectable as a “fifth force” between normal-matter objects, in potential conflict with precision tests of gravity. Chameleon fields and other theories with screening mechanisms, however, can evade these tests by suppressing the forces in regions of high density, such as the laboratory. Using a cesium matter-wave interferometer near a spherical mass in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber, we reduced the screening mechanism by probing the field with individual atoms rather than with bulk matter. We thereby constrained a wide class of dark energy theories, including a range of chameleon and other theories that reproduce the observed cosmic acceleration.
Thinking Penguin: Multimodal Brain–Computer Interface Control of a VR Game

In this paper, we describe a multimodal brain-computer interface (BCI) experiment, situated in a highly immersive CAVE. A subject sitting in the virtual environment controls the main character of a virtual reality game: a penguin that slides down a snowy mountain slope. While the subject can trigger a jump action via the BCI, additional steering with a game controller as a secondary task was tested. Our experiment profits from the game as an attractive task where the subject is motivated to get a higher score with a better BCI performance. A BCI based on the so-called brain switch was applied, which allows discrete asynchronous actions. Fourteen subjects participated, of which 50% achieved the required performance to test the penguin game. Comparing the BCI performance during the training and the game showed that a transfer of skills is possible, in spite of the changes in visual complexity and task demand. Finally and most importantly, our results showed that the use of a secondary motor task, in our case the joystick control, did not deteriorate the BCI performance during the game. Through these findings, we conclude that our chosen approach is a suitable multimodal or hybrid BCI implementation, in which the user can even perform other tasks in parallel.
Detection and classification of the breast abnormalities in digital mammograms via regional Convolutional Neural Network

Automatic detection and classification of the masses in mammograms are still a big challenge and play a crucial role to assist radiologists for accurate diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a novel computer-aided diagnose (CAD) system based on one of the regional deep learning techniques: a ROI-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which is called You Only Look Once (YOLO). Our proposed YOLO-based CAD system contains four main stages: mammograms preprocessing, feature extraction utilizing multi convolutional deep layers, mass detection with confidence model, and finally mass classification using fully connected neural network (FC-NN). A set of training mammograms with the information of ROI masses and their types are used to train YOLO. The trained YOLO-based CAD system detects the masses and classifies their types into benign or malignant. Our results show that the proposed YOLO-based CAD system detects the mass location with an overall accuracy of 96.33%. The system also distinguishes between benign and malignant lesions with an overall accuracy of 85.52%. Our proposed system seems to be feasible as a CAD system capable of detection and classification at the same time. It also overcomes some challenging breast cancer cases such as the mass existing in the pectoral muscles or dense regions.
A skin-inspired organic digital mechanoreceptor

Sensing the force digitally Our skin provides us with a flexible waterproof barrier, but it also contains a sensor array that feels the world around us. This array provides feedback and helps us to avoid a hot object or increase the strength of our grip on an object that may be slipping away. Tee et al. describe an approach to simulate the mechanoreceptors of human skin, using pressure-sensitive foils and printed ring oscillators (see the Perspective by Anikeeva and Koppes). The sensor successfully converted pressure into a digital response in a pressure range comparable to that found in a human grip. Science, this issue p. 313; see also p. 274 An artificial skin based on flexible printed organic circuits and pressure sensors mimics the ability to sense physical force. [Also see Perspective by Anikeeva and Koppes] Human skin relies on cutaneous receptors that output digital signals for tactile sensing in which the intensity of stimulation is converted to a series of voltage pulses. We present a power-efficient skin-inspired mechanoreceptor with a flexible organic transistor circuit that transduces pressure into digital frequency signals directly. The output frequency ranges between 0 and 200 hertz, with a sublinear response to increasing force stimuli that mimics slow-adapting skin mechanoreceptors. The output of the sensors was further used to stimulate optogenetically engineered mouse somatosensory neurons of mouse cortex in vitro, achieving stimulated pulses in accordance with pressure levels. This work represents a step toward the design and use of large-area organic electronic skins with neural-integrated touch feedback for replacement limbs.
Individual intestinal symbionts induce a distinct population of RORγ+ regulatory T cells

Gut microbes make T cells keep the peace Our guts harbor trillions of microbial inhabitants, some of which regulate the types of immune cells that are present in the gut. For instance, Clostridium species of bacteria induce a type of T cell that promotes tolerance between the host and its microbial contents. Ohnmacht et al. and Sefik et al. characterized a population of gut regulatory T cells in mice, which required gut microbiota to survive. Multiple bacterial species of the microbiota could induce transcription factor–expressing regulatory T cells that helped maintain immune homeostasis. Mice engineered to lack these transcription factors exhibited enhanced susceptibility to colonic inflammation and had elevated amounts of proinflammatory molecules associated with allergies (see the Perspective by Hegazy and Powrie). Science, this issue pp. 989 and 993 Microbes resident in the gut induce an immunoregulatory population of T cells that promote immune homeostasis. [Also see Perspective by Hegazy and Powrie] T regulatory cells that express the transcription factor Foxp3 (Foxp3+ Tregs) promote tissue homeostasis in several settings. We now report that symbiotic members of the human gut microbiota induce a distinct Treg population in the mouse colon, which constrains immuno-inflammatory responses. This induction—which we find to map to a broad, but specific, array of individual bacterial species—requires the transcription factor Rorγ, paradoxically, in that Rorγ is thought to antagonize FoxP3 and to promote T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation. Rorγ’s transcriptional footprint differs in colonic Tregs and TH17 cells and controls important effector molecules. Rorγ, and the Tregs that express it, contribute substantially to regulating colonic TH1/TH17 inflammation. Thus, the marked context-specificity of Rorγ results in very different outcomes even in closely related cell types.
Dynamic Stabilization Using X-stop Versus Transpedicular Screw Fixation in the Treatment of Lumbar Canal Stenosis; Comparative Study of the Clinical Outcome

ObjectiveA comparative randomized prospective clinical study to compare the clinical outcome of transpedicular screw fixation and dynamic stabilization using X-stop. BackgroundSpinal fusion has been offered to patients who suffer from lumbar spinal stenosis or spondylolisthesis. Despite improvement in fusion it significantly alters spinal biomechanics, which causes premature disc degeneration at levels neighboring fusion. Dynamic stabilization maintains or restores intervertebral motion in a controlled fashion, whether by restricting the extremes of spinal movement or by dampening the kinetic energy involved in motion. MethodsThis study included 60 patients who were divided into 2 equal groups (A and B) randomly assigned to undergo either transpedicular screw fixation (group A) or dynamic stabilization using X-stop (group B). Patients had degenerative spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis (Grade I), lateral or central spinal stenosis. Participants were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively at 3 weeks, and then at 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month intervals. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to score both lower-limb and back pain. Patient functioning was evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). ResultsIn group A, the mean pain and function scores improved as follows: leg pain from 80.5 to 35.5, back pain from 54 to 37.5, and ODI score from 55 to 34.5%. In group B, the mean pain and function scores improved as follows: leg pain from 82.5 to 25.5, back pain from 52 to 29.5, and ODI score from 53 to 26.5%. ConclusionsThe long-term outcome of dynamic stabilization is promising. The procedure is preferable to fusion because it avoids the greater tissue destruction and the morbidity of donor site problems. Adjacent-level disc degeneration after lumbar fusion has been well documented and little controversy exists as to the additional disability resulting from this proximate degenerative process.
Decentralized Control of Linear Switched Nested Systems With  $\ell_{2}$-Induced Norm Performance

This paper considers a decentralized switched control problem where exact conditions for controller synthesis are obtained in the form of semidefinite programming (SDP). The formulation involves a discrete-time switched linear plant that has a nested structure, and whose system matrices switch between a finite number of values according to finite-state automation. The goal of this paper is to synthesize a commensurately nested switched controller to achieve a desired level of ℓ2-induced norm performance. The nested structures of both plant and controller are characterized by block lower-triangular system matrices. For this setup, exact conditions are provided for the existence of a finite path-dependent synthesis. These include conditions for the completion of scaling matrices obtained through an extended matrix completion lemma. When individual controller dimensions are chosen at least as large as the plant, these conditions reduce to a set of linear matrix inequalities. The completion lemma also provides an algorithm to complete closed-loop scaling matrices, leading to inequalities for controller synthesis that are solvable either algebraically or numerically through SDP.
Bridging the Gaps: The Role of Occupational Therapy and Opportunities for its Development

The increased focus on employment for people with mental health problems is reflected in a renewed interest in work among service users and professionals (Grove, 1999), which in turn has led to the development of innovative models of service. These aim to meet the needs of individuals by offering choice and promoting integration into mainstream work options (for example, supported employment and IPS – Individual Placement and Support). Evidence from overseas (particularly the USA) and emerging from UK projects is that these approaches have been more successful in getting people back to work than the more traditional ways of working in segregated, sheltered settings (Crowther et al, 2001). Occupational therapy and employment
Some Considerations on the Design of Adaptive Digital Filters Equipped with the Sign Algorithm

In this paper we present some tools that can be helpful in the design of adaptive digital filters operating with the so-called sign algorithm. Although theoretical results with respect to the convergence behavior of such filters are available, it may be hard to derive practical design criteria from them. We introduce a new type of design graph, which characterizes the convergence pretty well and which we call "the elephant's ear," due to its typical shape. We also consider some effects of non-Gaussian statistics of the received signal and show how the preceding analysis can be extended to include the effects of dithering. Finally, we pay attention to the digital word lengths required in a finite precision implementation. The subject of this paper is restricted to adaptive digital echo cancellers (EC), but the results can be generalized to include other adaptive filters like decision feedback equalizers (DFE) or combinations of EC and DFE.
Adaptive synergy between catechol and lysine promotes wet adhesion by surface salt displacement

Keeping it sticky when wet Some biological molecules are remarkably sticky, even to surfaces submerged in water. Mussel adhesion, for example, is based on the overproduction of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and proteins with a high abundance of cationic amine residues such as lysine. Using bacterial iron chelators consisting of paired DOPA and lysine groups as analogs for the mussel proteins, Maier et al. show that these two functional groups synergistically enhance interfacial adhesion (see the Perspective by Wilker). The lysine appears to displace hydrated cations from the surface, thus giving a dry patch for better adhesion. Science, this issue p. 628; see also p. 582 Biologically inspired adhesives reveal a synergistic interplay that enables wet adhesion to mineral surfaces. [Also see Perspective by Wilker] In physiological fluids and seawater, adhesion of synthetic polymers to solid surfaces is severely limited by high salt, pH, and hydration, yet these conditions have not deterred the evolution of effective adhesion by mussels. Mussel foot proteins provide insights about adhesive adaptations: Notably, the abundance and proximity of catecholic Dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and lysine residues hint at a synergistic interplay in adhesion. Certain siderophores—bacterial iron chelators—consist of paired catechol and lysine functionalities, thereby providing a convenient experimental platform to explore molecular synergies in bioadhesion. These siderophores and synthetic analogs exhibit robust adhesion energies (Ead ≥−15 millijoules per square meter) to mica in saline pH 3.5 to 7.5 and resist oxidation. The adjacent catechol-lysine placement provides a “one-two punch,” whereby lysine evicts hydrated cations from the mineral surface, allowing catechol binding to underlying oxides.
Child marriage and child prostitution: Two forms of sexual exploitation

This article highlights some of the similarities between child marriages and child prostitution. Both child marriage and prostitution involve economic transactions, lack of freedom, and the violation of a child's right to consent. This is often exacerbated by social and economic vulnerabilities of children linked to limited life options. In order to capture much of the ongoing discussion and debate taking place in North Africa and the Middle East, this article draws on anecdotal evidence, limited research samples, communication with local actors, and the author's own personal experiences in the region. It also discusses some initiatives undertaken by a range of institutions with the aim of preventing these practices.
Ten things we have to do to achieve precision medicine

Major but surmountable hurdles should be addressed now to hasten the advent of precision medicine. On 30 January 2015, President Obama announced funding for an Initiative in Precision Medicine (IPM) (1) less than 3 years after a National Academy of Sciences (NAS) committee report (2) made clear just how such an initiative could accelerate progress in medical care and research. The core concept of this initiative is that by harnessing measurements of multiple modalities—not just clinical and genomic evaluations, but environmental exposures, daily activities, and many others, we can develop a much more comprehensive view of the patient's state and its trajectory over time. By understanding precisely, across all these modalities, what the distinguishing features of specific subgroups of patients are, we can better individualize therapies.
What Implies the Good Work for Registered Nurses in Municipal Elderly Care in Sweden?

The aim was to describe registered nurses’ perceptions of what the good work implies to them in municipal elderly care. A descriptive design and a structured questionnaire specifically designed for this study were used. Sixty housing units for older people and 213 nurses participated, with a response rate of 62%. The good work included the following aspects: intellectually stimulating without guilt feelings; freedom and independence with the possibility to influence; having appreciative and pleasant fellow workers and a fair and understanding manager; a good physical and risk-free environment; work security and a steady income with the possibility of improving salary through work effort; work effort should be beneficial to others; innovative thinking and initiative should be highly valued; and pride in work without compromising personal values. Employers must take this into consideration to retain those nurses already employed and recruit nurses to municipal elderly care.
Effects of an Enjoyable Nurse-Led Intervention to Promote Movement in Poststroke Inpatients

It is important to have the stroke survivors move as soon as possible to improve disability as well as related problems such as fatigue, sleep, and depression. However, there were few reports on a movement intervention for the inpatients who were in the rehabilitation unit just after taking acute care. An enjoyable intervention was developed that promoted movement focusing on plegic limbs and looked more like a game or a play; the game was designed to be a group activity that could be led by nurses. Twenty participants participated in 30- to 40-min sessions, 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Functional status (cognitive, motor, and total), fatigue, sleep, and depression were measured. Except for the cognitive function, all outcomes were significantly improved in the experimental group as compared to those in the control group. Safe and enjoyable nursing interventions should be developed and implemented to improve disability and related problems for the poststroke inpatients.
The Health Benefits of Yoga

Looking to stay calm and healthy, grow your physical activity routine, or find your balance? Yoga is a type of physical activity revered by many for its physical and mental health benefits. In Sanskrit, the word yoga means "to bring together or merge" — as in joining the mind and body into a single harmonious unit. Although there are many types of yoga, they share similar results for strengthening and calming the body and mind. Some of the most common benefits include improving cardiovascular health, flexibility, muscular strength, and reducing stress and anxiety.
A New Trace And Replay System For Shared Memory Programs Based On Lamport Clocks

One of the key pwblema iin debugging parallel pwgrama is that the behavior of a parallel program in response to a jbed input may be indeterminate. As a consequence of this non-repeatability, cyclic monitoring techniques for error isollation are not guaranteed to work. To tackle this problem, diferent trace and replay mechanwma have been proposed to support the debugging taak. In this paper we introduce a novel trace and replag mechanism for shared-memoty programa, baaed on Lamport cdocka. We compare the new scheme with Leblanc’s ‘Instant Replay’ and Netzer ’s ‘optimal tracing’. Our approach produces (much) smaller traces than both ezirting approaches. Moreover, in comparison with Ntstzer’s approach, our approach induces much less ovlerhead during the recording phase.
Patients’ Experiences of Sexual Activity Following Myocardial Ischemia

The purpose of this article is to describe patients’ experiences of sexual activity after suffering myocardial ischemia. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with people who had suffered myocardial ischemia in the last 6 to 24 months before the interview. We used maximum variation sampling method. After reaching theoretical saturation, a 19-informants sample was formed. Data were analyzed using the Giorgi method. Four themes were identified: “sexual activity becomes different,” “determinants of the return to sexual activity,” “how sexual activity ought to be,” and “sexual information received. ” Patients showed a decrease both in frequency and desire for sexual activity influenced by fear of sexual activity and health care professionals’ recommendations. These recommendations were about “avoiding sexuality at the beginning” and conducting “sexual activity without overdoing it. ” Health care professionals should educate patients about the right time to resume sexual activity. Nurses can help patients to deal with fears related to sexual activity.
Determining Family Needs on an Oncology Hospital Unit Using Interview, Art, and Survey

A movement worldwide, and specifically new to our hospital, is the implementation of Patient- and Family-Centered Care. We were unsure, however, what the needs were of our patients’ families. This triangulated study, on a 28-bed oncology unit, studied family members at the bedside. We asked family members what their needs were in a three-step process (open-ended interview, use of the Draw a Bridge art therapy technique, and the Family Inventory of Needs survey). Nineteen interviews revealed needs for physical comfort, emotional support, cultural sensitivity, recognition of help provided by family members and improved pain management. Art therapy revealed the stress of caregiving and helped to uncover unmet needs for interviewers to explore. The FIN identified that care at home after discharge was a major worry. Knowledge of family members’ needs while a loved one is in the hospital allows for planning and provision of modalities to assist them in their caregiving.