Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton community distribution in relation to environmental parameters in three aquaculture systems in a Chinese subtropical eutrophic bay

There is concern about the impact of expanding coastal aquaculture activity, particu- larly in China, with the biggest aquaculture industry in the world. We conducted 3 cruises to the oyster, kelp and fish farms of the Xiangshan Bay during the winterspring transition (02/2009), winter (01/2010) and spring (04/2010). Our aim was to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the phytoplankton community in different culture habitats and evaluate the effects of mariculture on phytoplankton. Different culture types formed unique small-scale habitats that exhibited various en vironmental gradients and forms of phytoplankton community patchiness. Both environmental (i.e. temperature, salinity, transparency, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, pH, dissolved inor- ganic nitrogen, PO4-P, SiO3-Si, N/P, and total organic carbon) and phytoplankton (i.e. cell density, chlorophyll a, species richness, main dominant species, and community structure) parameters were significantly different among the 3 culture habitats. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that phytoplankton distribution was mainly influenced by temperature, nutrition, salinity and suspended solids. Oyster and kelp farming effectively alleviated coastal eutrophication and also increased species richness and diversity; fish farming did not. Temperature elevation caused by the thermal discharge from a power plant induced phytoplankton blooms during the winter and winterspring transition. Nevertheless, the filtering effect of suspended oysters dramatically reduced microalgal biomass. The kelp and oyster farms were much better than the fish farm in terms of water quality, phytoplankton composition, and habitat restoration function. These results provide guidelines for future policy-making in aquaculture as well as eutrophication control and management.
Negative pressure wound therapy : the past and the future

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) involves the application of negative pressure on a wound bed for its positive effects on wound healing. Indications for NPWT concern various types of wounds, skin grafts and flaps, partial-thickness burns, open abdomen management and closed incisions. Negative pressure wound therapy has been used for centuries in human medicine. Its first use dates back to the Roman era (around 27 BCE) when human generated pressures were used. Later, European and Russian physicians developed various advanced methods and systems to apply negative pressure on wounds or other injuries. The on-going positive findings in human medicine triggered researchers in veterinary medicine to apply this technique on animal patients. However, much still has to be investigated regarding NPWT, especially in veterinary medicine, as there are many factors playing a role in the mechanisms of this treatment. New methods and techniques are continuously being developed and the existing studies show great potential for NPWT.
CALLUS INDUCTION AND DIRECT SHOOT FORMATION IN IN VITRO CULTURED IMMATURE INFLORESCENCE TISSUES OF COCONUT

Clonal propagation of elite palms is a promising possibility for producing uniform planting material and improving productivity in coconut lands. In the absence of a natural vegetative propagation method, in vitro culture remains the only approach for vegetative multiplication of coconut. Immature inflorescence material has shown to be a promising source of explants for coconut tissue culture. In the present study, four different culture media (medium 72; modified Eeuwens Y 3 medium; coconut anther culture medim; modified Blake's medium) were evaluated for callus induction in floral explants: Immature inflorescences were collected non-destructively from 12 year old Sri Lanka-tall coconut palms and rachilla segments obtained from these inflorescences were cultured on above media. Out of the four culture media tested, callus production was observed only in the explants cultured on medium 72. In this medium (which contained 24 uM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.25% activated charcoal), about 30% of the floral explants produced compact, highly embryogenie calli. Direct regeneration of shoots from floral primordia occurred at & very low frequency in the modified Eeuwens Y 3 medium which contained 200 pM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.2% activated charcoal. No callogenesis or direct organogenesis were observed in the floral explants cultured on the other two culture media tested.
Regularity equivalence of the Szeg\"o projection and the complex Green operator

In this paper we prove that on a CR manifold of hypersurface type that satisfies the weak $Y(q)$ condition, the complex Green operator $G_q$ is exactly (globally) regular if and only if the Szeg\"o projections $S_{q-1}, S_q$ and a third orthogonal projection $S'_{q+1}$ are exactly (globally) regular. The projection $S'_{q+1}$ is closely related to the Szeg\"o projection $S_{q+1}$ and actually coincides with it if the space of harmonic $(0,q+1)$-forms is trivial. This result extends the important and by now classical result by H. Boas and E. Straube on the equivalence of the regularity of the $\bar\partial$-Neumann operator and the Bergman projections on a smoothly bounded pseudoconvex domain. We also prove an extension of this result to the case of bounded smooth domains satisfying the weak $Z(q)$ condition on a Stein manifold.
Effects of Laughter Therapy Program on Perceived Stress and Depression in Nursing College Students

본 연구는 웃음요법 프로그램이 간호대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 우울 정도에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위한 비동등성 대조군 전·후 유사 실험 설계이다. 연구 대상자는 충남지역에 위치한 B대학과 전북지역에 위치한 W대학의 간호학과 학생들로 실험군 40명, 대조군 35명이었고, 자료수집기간은 2014년 12월 5일부 터 2015년 1월 9일까지였다. 웃음요법 프로그램은 1차시 당 2시간씩 1주 간격 으로 총 4차례의 프로그램이 진행되었으며, 자료 수집은 실험군과 대조군에게 사전-사후 자기기입식 설문방법으로 진행하였다. 자료 분 석방법은 t-test와 χ-test 분석을 이용하였고, 연구결과에서 실험군은 사전에 비해 사후에 지각된 스트레 스(t=-2.32, p=.02)와 우울 점수가(t=-4.87, p<.001) 유의하게 감소되었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 웃음요법 프로그램이 간호대학생에게 스트레스와 우울을 중재하기 위한 효과적인 프로그램인 것을 확인하였고, 추후 연속적으로 체계적인 웃음요법 프로그램의 구성 개발 및 시행을 기대한다.
Reactivity-Initiated Accident Experimental Benchmarks for the BISON Fuel Performance Code

INTRODUCTION BISON, a parallel, finite element-based code that solves the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations associated with nuclear fuel behavior [1] being developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is expanding its capability to be used for a variety of design basis accidents. One such accident of interest is a reactivityinitiated accident (RIA) which is a nuclear reactor event involving a sudden increase in fission rate. This event causes a rapid increase of reactor power and temperature of the fuel, which may lead to failure of the fuel rods and release of radioactive material into the coolant [2]. The development of any code will include some form of verification and validation to ensure accuracy and reliability of computational simulations. As defined by Oberkampf [3], verification is the process of determining that a model implementation accurately represents the developers conceptual description of the model and the solution to the model. Verification provides evidence that the mathematical model is solved correctly by the computer code. Validation is the process of determining the degree to which a model is an accurate representation of the real world for system responses of interest. BISON has an extensive set of verification problems including fundamental finite element solid mechanics and heat transfer problems to problems specific to nuclear fuel material models [4]. The current BISON validation efforts include a number of LWR rods comparing multiple thermal and mechanical parameters and also fission gas release data for a variety of operating conditions [5]. Until recently those validation efforts did not include any RIA type scenarios. To date, more than a thousand pulse irradiation tests prototypic of RIA events have been carried out on previously unirradiated (fresh) fuel. About 140 tests have been done on pre-irradiated samples, but that data is limited beyond burnup levels of 40 GWd/tU. Only a few tests have been performed on rods at extended burnup and these have been performed at the CABRI facility in France and the Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR) in Japan. The purpose of these programs was to provide data for high burnup fuels that can be used to develop safety criteria at extended burnup levels and to provide data to validate analytical codes. The resumption of transient testing and the restart of the Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) facility will provide a great opportunity to further the validation and benchmarking efforts of BISON for RIA conditions. The TREAT tests will add to the historical database of pulse irradiation and RIA type tests but will also provide the capability for integral separate effect tests that will allow for well documented simplified tests that are ideal for code validation. Until that data is available the current validation/benchmarking efforts will focus on historical cases from NSRR and CABRI. The recent BISON validation/benchmarking efforts for RIA scenarios will be briefly discussed in this summary.
Breeding performance of a univoltine population of Ips typographus ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) at epidemic level in Central Europe : Parasitoids and pathogens lag their host

1. The purpose of the present study was to compare the levels of pathogen infection in maternal beetles, parasitism of the offspring, abundance of predators, and reproductive success of the univoltine generation of I. typographus in areas characterized by smallscale and short-term outbreaks, and the other is large-scale and long-term outbreaks. A lag in the rising densities of parasitoids and pathogens in long-term outbreaks can be expected, as can be higher reproductive success in short-term outbreaks. 2. We selected two localities in the Sumava Mts in altitudes ca 1100 m within which pairs of study plots were defined. The first study plot is representative of large-scale (>100 ha) and long-term (>10 years) outbreak, and the volume of progressively infested wood >1000 m3. The second study plot represents the small-scale (<1 ha) and short-term (2–3 years) outbreak which originated in 2009-2010 in a complex of previously uninfected forests (>10 ha) at a distance ca 700 m from the first plot. The volume of infested trees were <100 m3. Five trees were studied on each study plot. 3. No significant differences in mean values of colonization density, abundances of surviving specimens of I. typographus and length of maternal galleries were determined. Mean values of eggs laid were larger in study plots characterized by short-term outbreak. 4. Mean values of parasitoids per m of bark were higher on study plots with long-term outbreak, as was the percentage of parasitism by ectoparasitoids. No statistically significant differences in the percentages of adult larvae of endoparasitoids in maternal beetles were determined, as was the case also for Tomicobia seitneri and the percentages of maternal beetles in which eggs of endoparasitoids were found. 5. No statistically significant differences in the percentages of maternal beetles infected by I. typographus entomopoxvirus ItEPV and Chytridiopsis typographi were determined between plots with short-term outbreak versus long-term outbreak. Significantly higher infection rates occurred only for Mattesia schwenkeiin long-term outbreak areas. 6. The number of parasitoids and entomopathogens respond numerically to bark beetle density. Predation and/or parasitism did not play a significant role in reducing the outbreak population.
Why Might Climate Change Not Cause Conflict? An Agent-Based Computational Response

In this paper, we first briefly review the recent literature on climate change, resource scarcity and conflict. This is then followed by introducing an agent based computational model based on the theory of production and conflict which is capable of simulating the dynamics of micro-level resource conflicts. The model considers differences in resource attributes, differentiates between conflict subjects, takes into account bounded rationality, non-linearity and feedback loops, and is enriched by a set of scenarios ranging between mild to severe resource shocks. Our results show that agents tend not to get engage in conflict during mild resource scarcity scenarios as they adapt to the changes and since the decreases in returns to resource predation and increases in their protective practices act as negative feedback loops, discouraging resource predators from allocating further effort to predation. The model results also show that scarcity is more likely to encourage product predation rather than resource predation among the agents.
RESONANCE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS FOR IMPLANT STABILITY MEASUREMENTS. A review

The resonance frequency analysis (RFA) technique for implant stability measurements was developed by Meredith and coworkers more than 20 years ago. RFA makes use of a transducer (peg), which is attached to the implant and excited over a range of frequencies by electro-magnetic waves to measure the resonance frequency (RF) of the transducer. The underlying RF measurements in Hz are translated to Implant Stability Quotients (ISQ) units from 1 (lowest stability) to 100 ISQ units (highest stability). A new generation of RFA technology has been developed consisting of a small pen-like battery-driven instrument (Penguin) used together with reusable transducers (MulTiPegTM). These are made from biocompatible titanium and can be autoclaved and used numerous times. The instrument can be packed in a sterile pouch and kept on the surgical tray and used by the surgeon without jeopardizing sterility. RFA measures implant stability in bending as a function of interface stiffness and correlates with implant displacement, i.e. micro-mobility, under lateral loading. The ISQ value is determined by the local bone density and is influenced by implant placement technique, implant design, healing time and exposed implant height above the alveolar crest. It seems like implants with low and/or falling ISQ values pose an increased risk for failure compared with implants with high and/or increasing values. The RFA technique can be used at any stage during treatment as one additional parameter to support decision-making during implant treatment and follow-up. For instance, authors have proposed that certain levels of stability should be achieved/reached in order to commence immediate and early loading.
PuppetPhone: puppeteering virtual characters using a smartphone

Video games enable the representation and control of characters that can agilely evolve in virtual environments. However, the detached character interaction they propose - often using a push-button metaphor - is far from the satisfactory feeling of grasping and moving physical toys. In this paper, we propose a new interaction metaphor that reduces the gap between physical toys and virtual characters. The user moves a smartphone around, and a puppet that responds in real time to the manipulations is seen through the screen. The virtual character moves in order to follow the user gestures, as if it was attached to the phone via a rigid stick. This yields a natural interaction, similar to moving a physical toy, and the puppet now feels alive because its movements are augmented with compelling animations. Using the smartphone, our method ties together the control of the character and camera into a single interaction mechanism. We validate our system by presenting an application in Augmented Reality.
Biology of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Cucumber

Abstract Present studies on biology of melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) revealed that the freshly laid eggs were glistening white, slightly curved, tapering at one end while rounded at the other end. The mean length and breadth of the egg were found to be 1.13 ± 0.14 mm and 0.28 ± 0.05 mm. The first and second instars measured 1.49 ± 0.28 and 6.40 ± 0.86 mm in length, respectively, and 0.31 ± 0.07 and 1.21 ± 0.09 mm in breadth, respectively. The third instar was very mobile and measured 9.62 ± 0.87 mm in length and 2.05 ± 0.32 mm in breadth. The puparium measured 5.72 ±0.13 mm in length and 2.46 ± 0.11 mm in breadth. The length and breadth of male was 8.74 ± 0.32 mm and 11.46 ± 1.16 mm, whereas, the female measured 9.94 ± 0.20 mm in length and 15.92 ± 0.74 mm in breadth. The duration of egg incubation, and the larval, prepupal and pupal periods were 16.8 ± 4.9 hours, and 4.5 ± 1.13, 0.8 ± 0.25 and 8.4 ± 0.51 days, respectively. Pre-oviposition and oviposition periods ranged from 10–15 and 12–28 days. Fecundity varied from 58–92 eggs, while egg viability was 86.1 ± 0.54. Sex ratio (male: female) was 1.10 ± 0.14. Longevity of adults was extended to 30–52 days for males and 30–60 days for females when fed either water, molasses and honey or water, molasses and proteinex. Lack of access to water led to sudden death of the flies.
DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIA FOR OVERALL IMPROVEMENT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA SEEDLINGS

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) is one of the important tree of Indian Thar Desert. The growth of neem seedlings under nursery conditions is often limited by damping off, wilts and leaf feeding insects. The uses of chemical fertilizers are not environment friendly, therefore there is a need of biofertilizers that not only increases the physical fitness of plants, but also helps the plants to fight against the pathogens. The present investigation was carried to find out the best combination of biofertilizers that can enhance the growth of neem seedlings by modifying overall growth parameters for healthy nursery practices. Five well known biofertilizers viz. Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter beijerinckii, Bacillus thurengensis (PSB), Trichoderma harzianum, consortia of AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consisting of species of Glomus, Gigaspora, sclerocystis and scutellospora) were tested individually and in consortia for neem seedlings and observed that the consortia regulates the growth more positively as compare to individual. Overall maximum growth was observed in the treatment in which combination of Azotobacter+Azospirillum+Trichoderma followed PSB + Azotobacter, Azospirillum + AMF and PSB + Azotobacter + Azospirillum.
Social Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa

Responding to calls for a better understanding of the relationship between social enterprises and their environments, this article focuses on contextual influences on social entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa. We identify four predominantly African contextual dimensions (acute poverty, informality, colonial history, and ethnic group identity) and explore their influence on the way social ventures perceive themselves and on their choice of activities. Our empirical study of 384 social enterprises from 19 sub-Saharan African countries suggests that ethnic group identity and acute poverty levels influence both self-perception and activity choices, the country's colonial history influences only self-perception, and informality has no significant influence on either. These findings point to the need to consider both self-perception and the choice of activities in defining social entrepreneurship. Our study also highlights the importance of African contextual dimensions for understanding social entrepreneurship, and underlines the added value of incorporating insights from African data into management research more broadly.
Performance Management: A Framework for Management Control Systems Research

Abstract This paper proposes a framework for analysing the operation of management control systems structured around five central issues. These issues relate to objectives, strategies and plans for their attainment, target-setting, incentive and reward structures and information feedback loops. Their central focus is on the management of organizational performance. Because the framework has been inductively developed, its application is `tested' against three major systems of organizational control, namely budgeting, economic value added and the balanced scorecard. In each case, neglected areas of development are exposed and fruitful topics for research identified. It is believed that the framework can usefully be developed further by its use in analysing other instances of management control systems practice, and that case-based, longitudinal studies provide the best route to this end.
Study of Detection and Prevention Techniques for Flooding attack on AODV in MANET

: Mobile means moving and ad hoc means temporary without any fixed infrastructure. Hence, mobile ad hoc network is a temporary network in which nodes are moving without any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. MANETs are vulnerable to security attacks because of the decentralized authentication. Black hole, gray hole, worm hole, flooding are such type of security threats that affects the network. This paper presents a review on MANET, AODV routing protocol, flooding attack and comparison of various detection and prevention techniques of flooding attack. Among all this techniques, RFAP technique can easily find the attacker node and protect the network from RREQ flooding attack.
Evidence-based coaching to enhance senior students’ wellbeing and academic striving

Abstract: This study examined the impact of an evidence-based within subjects coaching intervention within an Australian high school. Participants were a cohort of 25 female high school students aged between 15 and 16 years (mean age = 15.9). The coaching program was part of a broader positive education program conducted by the school. Participants took part in a ten-session evidence-based coaching program (teacher facilitated) that included topics such as goal setting, mindfulness, coaching, and helpful self-talk. Pre and post measures were obtained for wellbeing, cognitive hardiness, trait hope, depression, anxiety, stress, and goal striving and goal achievement. Participants showed a significant increase in wellbeing, total trait hope, cognitive hardiness, and a significant decrease in depression, anxiety and stress. Participants also showed a significant increase in perceptions of successful striving towards personal goals. Scores on personal goal commitment, academic goal striving and academic goal commitment demonstrated a trend towards increased success in the post-intervention scores but did not achieve significance. This study uniquely considers evidence-based coaching as part of a broader positive education approach in an education setting. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.