Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study on the prognostic value of core to peripheral temperature gradient and blood lactate levels in critically ill children in a tertiary care hospital in Kanpur, India

Abstract To assess the prognostic value of core to peripheral temperature gradient and blood lactate levels in critically ill children and determine their correlation in terms of patient outcome. It is a prospective observational study conducted on 99 patients admitted in the pediatric emergency ward/ICU of Deptt. Of Pediatrics, G.S. V.M. Medical College, Kanpur. Children between ages of 6 months to 18 years with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score > 5 were included. ROC analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the data. ROC curve analysis showed that core to peripheral temperature gradient and blood lactate levels had similar predictive values for increased risk of death (area under the curve, 0.852 and 0.825, respectively) with the best cut-off values of 3.4°C for core to peripheral temperature gradient and 44 mg/L for blood lactate levels. Among infants aged 6 months to 18 years, core to peripheral temperature gradient and blood lactate levels are good prognostic indicators in identifying critically ill children at increased risk of death.
KRAS genotypes and outcome in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab.

1. Ryan DH, Johnson WD, Myers VH, et al. Nonsurgical weight loss for extreme obesity in primary care settings: results of the Louisiana Obese Subjects Study. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(2):146-154. 2. Sjöström L, Narbro K, Sjöström CD, et al; Swedish Obese Subjects Study. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(8):741-752. 3. Goodpaster BH, Delany JP, Otto AD, et al. Effects of diet and physical activity interventions on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors in severely obese adults: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2010;304(16):1795-1802. 4. Curioni CC, Lourenço PM. Long-term weight loss after diet and exercise: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29(10):1168-1174.
Putting Everything in Context

In response to Casasanto, Brookshire, and Ivry (2015), we address four points: First, we engaged in conceptual replications of Brookshire, Casasanto, and Ivry (2010), not direct replications. Second, we did not question the validity of Brookshire et al.'s (2010) results, nor the similar findings of other researchers, but instead explained divergent findings within an integrated theoretical framework. Third, challenges to the construct of automaticity, including ours, were widespread, long before Brookshire et al.'s (2010) article. Fourth, the planned comparisons that we reported tested our theoretical claims and offered strong evidence for them.
A randomized trial evaluating everolimus-eluting Absorb bioresorbable scaffolds vs. everolimus-eluting metallic stents in patients with coronary artery disease: ABSORB Japan.

AIMS Theoretically, bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVSs) may provide superior long-term results compared with permanent metallic drug-eluting stents (DESs). However, whether BVSs are as safe and effective as metallic DESs prior to complete bioresorption is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS ABSORB Japan was a single-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, randomized trial designed to support regulatory approval of the Absorb BVS in Japan. Eligible patients with one or two de novo lesions in different epicardial vessels were randomized at 38 Japanese sites in a 2:1 ratio to Absorb BVS vs. cobalt-chromium everolimus-eluting stents (CoCr-EESs). The primary endpoint was target lesion failure [TLF: a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction attributable to target vessel, or ischaemia-driven target lesion revascularization (ID-TLR)] at 12 months, powered for non-inferiority. The major secondary endpoint was angiographic in-segment late lumen loss (LLL) at 13 months. A total of 400 patients were randomized to BVSs (266 patients and 275 lesions) or CoCr-EESs (134 patients and 137 lesions). TLF through 12 months was 4.2% with BVSs and 3.8% with CoCr-EESs [difference (upper one-sided 95% confidence limit) = 0.39% (3.95%); Pnon-inferiority < 0.0001]. Definite/probable stent/scaffold thrombosis at 12 months occurred in 1.5% of the patients with both devices (P = 1.0), and ID-TLR for restenosis was infrequent (1.1% with BVSs and 1.5% with CoCr-EESs, P = 1.0). With 96.0% angiographic follow-up, in-segment LLL at 13 months was 0.13 ± 0.30 mm with BVSs and 0.12 ± 0.32 mm with CoCr-EESs [difference (upper one-sided 95% confidence limit) = 0.01 (0.07); Pnon-inferiority < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In the ABSORB Japan randomized trial, 12-month clinical and 13-month angiographic outcomes of BVSs were comparable to CoCr-EESs. CLINICAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01844284.
Study of the Relationship of Smile Esthetics Between Torque and Dental Arch Width of Posterior Teeth in Orthodontics

There are different factors affecting smile aesthetics, with posterior dental torque and dental arch width as two of the most important ones [1-3]. Sarver et al.[4] affirmed that the orthodontic expansion of a compressed arch improved the smile transversal dimension, and that a wider arch shape in the premolar area resulted in lower buccal corridors and buccolingual inclina‐ tions of posterior teeth (or posterior torque) [4, 5].
Spicy Adjectives and Nominal Donkeys: Capturing Semantic Deviance Using Compositionality in Distributional Spaces

Sophisticated senator and legislative onion. Whether or not you have ever heard of these things, we all have some intuition that one of them makes much less sense than the other. In this paper, we introduce a large dataset of human judgments about novel adjective-noun phrases. We use these data to test an approach to semantic deviance based on phrase representations derived with compositional distributional semantic methods, that is, methods that derive word meanings from contextual information, and approximate phrase meanings by combining word meanings. We present several simple measures extracted from distributional representations of words and phrases, and we show that they have a significant impact on predicting the acceptability of novel adjective-noun phrases even when a number of alternative measures classically employed in studies of compound processing and bigram plausibility are taken into account. Our results show that the extent to which an attributive adjective alters the distributional representation of the noun is the most significant factor in modeling the distinction between acceptable and deviant phrases. Our study extends current applications of compositional distributional semantic methods to linguistically and cognitively interesting problems, and it offers a new, quantitatively precise approach to the challenge of predicting when humans will find novel linguistic expressions acceptable and when they will not.
Long-term dual antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in the subgroup of patients with previous myocardial infarction: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials.

AIMS Recent trials have examined the effect of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in a variety of patient populations, with heterogeneous results regarding benefit and safety, specifically with regard to cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing more than a year of DAPT with aspirin alone in high-risk patients with a history of prior myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 33 435 patients were followed over a mean 31 months among one trial of patients with prior MI (63.3% of total) and five trials with a subgroup of patients that presented with, or had a history of, a prior MI (36.7% of total). Extended DAPT decreased the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared with aspirin alone (6.4 vs. 7.5%; risk ratio, RR 0.78, 95% confidence intervals, CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and reduced cardiovascular death (2.3 vs. 2.6%; RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.98; P = 0.03), with no increase in non-cardiovascular death (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.86-1.23; P = 0.76). The resultant effect on all-cause mortality was an RR of 0.92 (95% CI 0.83-1.03; P = 0.13). Extended DAPT also reduced MI (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55-0.88; P = 0.003), stroke (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.97; P = 0.02), and stent thrombosis (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.89; P = 0.02). There was an increased risk of major bleeding (1.85 vs. 1.09%; RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.19-2.50; P = 0.004) but not fatal bleeding (0.14 vs. 0.17%; RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.53-1.58; P = 0.75). CONCLUSION Compared with aspirin alone, DAPT beyond 1 year among stabilized high-risk patients with prior MI decreases ischaemic events, including significant reductions in the individual endpoints of cardiovascular death, recurrent MI, and stroke. Dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 1 year increases major bleeding, but not fatal bleeding or non-cardiovascular death.
Factors of Type III and the Distribution of Prime Numbers

Denote by φβ, p the normal state on B(ℓ2(N)) with list of eigenvalues λβ, p,k = p−βk(1 − p−β), where k ∈ N, β ∈ (0, 1] and p is a prime number. For each β and each subset S of the set P of all prime numbers, denote by Mβ, S the ITPFI factor (infinite tensor product of factors of type I) ⨂p∈S(B(ℓ2(N)),ϕβ,p). We prove that for any β ∈ (0, 1] and λ ∈ [0, 1], there exists S = Sβ,λ, a subset of P, such that Mβ,S is of type IIIλ. Moreover, Mβ,P is the Araki–Woods factor R∞ for any β ∈ (0, 1]. For any β ∈ (0.5, 1] and S ⊂ P, we show that Mβ, S is an ITPFI2 factor. We study the class of Connes' T‐groups of type III factors of the form Mβ,S, where S ⊂ P, which we call β‐representable subgroups of R and show that it is rich, proving for each β ∈ (0, 1] that if H is a countable subgroup of R and Σ a countable subset of R\H, there exists a β‐representable group Γ which contains H and does not intersect Σ. Moreover, we prove that any β0‐representable group is β‐representable if 1 ⩾ β0 ⩾ max β, 0.07 and that the class of 1‐representable groups is closed under the natural action of R*+ on the subgroups of R. Our results show in particular that all hyperfinite type IIIλ factors, with λ ∈ (0, 1], and a large class of type III0 ITPFI factors are isomorphic to group von Neumann algebras associated with some restricted adelic productsof affine motion groups of p‐adic lines. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 46L35, 11N05.
HYPERTENSION AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH PANCHAKARMA

Hypertension is sustained high blood pressure; sometimes also called arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in arteries is elevated. In Morden era hypertension is a major health challenge worldwide because of its prevalence and role as a risk for cardiovascular disease. Since the proportion of hypertensive people is increasing dramatically worldwide, the prevention, detection, treatment and control of this condition should be on top priority. Ayurveda symbolises holistic approach towards treating diseases, and prevention is better than cure as its main motto. This study describes the antihypertensive effect of panchakarma therapy and other ayurvedic drugs.
Hypertension, the potassium ion and impaired carbohydrate tolerance.

AS the subject for this lecture, I have chosen to discuss some fascinating clinical and biologic relations existing between the three elements in the title. At the present time, I am actively engaged in studying these relations, for I believe that they will prove to have important bearing upon the interpretation and management of decreased carbohydrate tolerance in a large number of patients. Later, I shall show some preliminary and, as yet, unpublished data dealing with an important mechanism by which carbohydrate tolerance is impaired in a large number of people. But it would be well, first, to indicate whence .
Temporal Structure in Emerging Language: From Natural Data to Silent Gesture.

Many human languages have complex grammatical machinery devoted to temporality, but very little is known about how this came about. This paper investigates how people convey temporal information when they cannot use any conventional languages they know. In a laboratory experiment, adult participants were asked to convey information about simple events taking place at a given time, in spoken language and in silent gesture (i.e., using only gesture and no speech). It was shown that in spoken language, participants formed utterances according to the rules of their native language (Dutch), but in silent gesture, the temporal information was presented initially, and structurally separately, from the other information in the utterance. The experimental results are consistent with findings from natural systems emerging in situations of communicative stress: unsupervised adult second language learning and homesign. This confirms that presenting temporal information separately and initially (directly mirroring how temporal and propositional information can be represented semantically) is a robust strategy to talk about past and future when only sparse communicative means are available.
Embodied Simulations Are Modulated by Sentential Perspective

There is considerable evidence that language comprehenders derive lexical-semantic meaning by mentally simulating perceptual and motor attributes of described events. However, the nature of these simulations-including the level of detail that is incorporated and contexts under which simulations occur-is not well understood. Here, we examine the effects of first- versus third-person perspective on mental simulations during sentence comprehension. First-person sentences describing physical transfer towards or away from the body (e.g., "You threw the microphone," "You caught the microphone") modulated response latencies when responses were made along a front-back axis, consistent with the action-sentence compatibility effect (ACE). This effect was not observed for third-person sentences ("He threw the microphone," "He caught the microphone"). The ACE was observed when making responses along a left-right axis for third-person, but not first-person sentences. Abstract sentences (e.g., "He heard the message") did not show an ACE along either axis. These results show that perspective is a detail that is simulated during action sentence comprehension, and that motoric activations are flexible and affected by the pronominal perspective used in the sentence.
Naïve and Robust: Class-Conditional Independence in Human Classification Learning

Humans excel in categorization. Yet from a computational standpoint, learning a novel probabilistic classification task involves severe computational challenges. The present paper investigates one way to address these challenges: assuming class-conditional independence of features. This feature independence assumption simplifies the inference problem, allows for informed inferences about novel feature combinations, and performs robustly across different statistical environments. We designed a new Bayesian classification learning model (the dependence-independence structure and category learning model, DISC-LM) that incorporates varying degrees of prior belief in class-conditional independence, learns whether or not independence holds, and adapts its behavior accordingly. Theoretical results from two simulation studies demonstrate that classification behavior can appear to start simple, yet adapt effectively to unexpected task structures. Two experiments-designed using optimal experimental design principles-were conducted with human learners. Classification decisions of the majority of participants were best accounted for by a version of the model with very high initial prior belief in class-conditional independence, before adapting to the true environmental structure. Class-conditional independence may be a strong and useful default assumption in category learning tasks.
A gain-of-function mutation in the cardiac pacemaker HCN4 channel increasing cAMP sensitivity is associated with familial Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia

Aims Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia (IST), a syndrome characterized by abnormally fast sinus rates and multisystem symptoms, is still poorly understood. Because of the relevance of HCN4 channels to pacemaker activity, we used a candidate-gene approach and screened IST patients for the presence of disease-causing HCN4 mutations. Methods and results Forty-eight IST patients, four of whom of known familial history, were enrolled in the study. We initially identified in one of the patients with familial history the R524Q mutation in HCN4. Investigation extended to the family members showed that the mutation co-segregated with IST-related symptoms. The R524Q mutation is located in the C-linker, a region known to couple cAMP binding to channel activation. The functional relevance of the mutation was investigated in heterologous expression systems by patch-clamp experiments. We found that mutant HCN4 channels were more sensitive to cAMP than wild-type channels, in agreement with increased sensitivity to basal and stimulated adrenergic input and with a faster than normal pacemaker rate. The properties of variant channels indicate therefore that R524Q is a gain-of-function mutation. Increased channel contribution to activity was confirmed by evidence that when spontaneously beating rat newborn myocytes were transfected with R524Q mutant HCN4 channels, they exhibited a faster rate than when transfected with wild-type HCN4 channels. Conclusion This is the first report of a gain-of-function HCN4 mutation associated with IST through increased sensitivity to cAMP-dependent activation.
TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİ ÖĞRENEN KAZAKİSTANLILARIN KARŞILAŞTIKLARI SORUNLAR

Bu calisma Kazakistanli ogrencilerin Turkiye Turkcesi ogrenirken yasadigi sikintilari tespit etmek ve bu tespitler isiginda oneriler gelistirmek amaciyla kaleme alinmistir. Tarama modeliyle yapilan calismada Kazakistan’da Suleyman Demirel Universitesi, Abay Universitesi, El-Farabi Universitesi, Merkez Orta Asya Universitesi ve Ablay Han Universitesi’nde okuyan 180 ogrenciden dinleme, okuma, konusma ve yazma alanlarinda yasadiklari sikintilari yazmalari istenmistir. Sonrasinda ogrencilerin yazdiklari metinler ogrencilerden alinarak icerik analizine tabi tutulmus, SPSS 15 programi vasitasiyla yasanilan sorunlarin frekans ve yuzdeleri verilmistir. Calisma sonucunda ogrencilerin ayri ayri her bir beceri alaninda pek cok sikinti yasadiklari tespit edilmistir. Bu sikintilarin basinda kelime hazinesinin yetersiz olmasi ve uygulamada yasanan eksiklikler gelmektedir.
Both Earlier Times and the Future Are "Front": The Distinction Between Time- and Ego-Reference-Points in Mandarin Speakers' Temporal Representation

Mandarin speakers, like most other language speakers around the world, use spatial terms to talk about time. However, the direction of their mental temporal representation along the front-back axis remains controversial because they use the spatial term "front" to refer to both earlier times (e.g., front-year means "the year before last") and the future (e.g., front-road means "prospect"). Although the linguistic distinction between time- and ego-reference-point spatiotemporal metaphors in Mandarin suggests a promising clarification of the above controversy, there is little empirical evidence verifying this distinction. In this study, Mandarin speakers' time- and ego-reference-point temporal representations on three axes (i.e., sagittal, lateral, and vertical) were separately examined through two tasks. In a time-reference-point task, Mandarin speakers judged whether the time point of the second picture was earlier or later than the time point of the first picture, while in an ego-reference-point task, they judged whether an event or phase had happened in the past or would happen in the future. The results indicate that Mandarin speakers construe an earlier-times-in-front-of-later-times temporal sequence and adopt the front-to-the-future orientation.
Temporal trends and changing profile of adults with congenital heart disease undergoing heart transplantation.

AIMS To investigate the temporal trends in profile and outcomes of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) undergoing heart transplantation (HT). METHODS AND RESULTS Out of a multi-institutional series of 2257 HT from 1988 to 2012, 100 HT were performed in 97 ACHD. We evaluated clinical characteristics, underlying defect, surgical history, perioperative issues, and outcomes. We compared two eras: era 1 (1988-2005, n = 48) and era 2 (2006-2012, n = 49). Mean age at HT was 30.3 ± 10.5 years. Twenty-five patients (25.8%) had biventricular physiology with a systemic right ventricle and 43 patients (44%) had univentricular physiology. Adults with congenital heart disease severity were classified as great complexity (74.2%), moderate (21.7%), and simple (4.1%). During a median follow-up of 28.7 months [0-282], 44 patients died. Early mortality was high (34%; 95% CI 0.2536-0.4390). Survival was 63.9% at 1 year. The proportion of univentricular patients did not change. Biventricular patients with systemic right ventricle significantly increased in era 2 (16.7 vs. 34.7%, P = 0.04) due to increasing number of transposition of the great arteries with atrial switch. Although the proportion of great complexity ACHD did not change significantly in era 2 (81.6% vs. and 66.7% in era 1, P = 0.09), ACHD recipients have more advanced disease, being more likely hospitalized (P = 0.03), receiving intravenous inotropes (P = 0.01), under assist devices (P = 0.04), or UNOS status 1 (P = 0.02) at the time of HT. Survival rates were comparable. CONCLUSION Despite a worse risk profile, mortality after HT in ACHD did not increase. Improving survival of complex CHD will probably amplify the proportion of complex ACHD recipients with more advanced disease.
Information Ordering with an Event‐Enriched Vector Space Model for Multi‐Document News Summarization

Information ordering is a nontrivial task in multi‐document summarization (MDS), which typically relies on the traditional vector space model (VSM) notorious for semantic deficiency. In this article, we propose a novel event‐enriched VSM to alleviate the problem by building event semantics into sentence representations. The mediation of event information between sentence and term, especially in the news domain, has an intuitive appeal as well as technical advantage in common sentence‐level operations such as sentence similarity computation. Inspired by the block‐style writing by humans, we base the sentence ordering algorithm on sentence clustering. To accommodate the complexity introduced by event information, we adopt a soft‐to‐hard clustering strategy on the event and sentence levels, using expectation–maximization clustering and K‐means, respectively. For the purpose of cluster‐based sentence ordering, the event‐enriched VSM enables us to design an ordering algorithm to enhance event coherence computed between sentence and sentence–context pairs. Drawing on the findings of earlier research, we also incorporate topic continuity measures and time information into the scheme. We evaluate the performance of the model and its variants automatically and manually, with experimental results showing clear advantage of the event‐based model over baseline and non‐event‐based models in information ordering for multi‐document news summarization. We are confident that the event‐enriched VSM has even greater potential in summarization and beyond, which awaits further research. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.