Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An overview of population-based algorithms for multi-objective optimisation

In this work we present an overview of the most prominent population-based algorithms and the methodologies used to extend them to multiple objective problems. Although not exact in the mathematical sense, it has long been recognised that population-based multi-objective optimisation techniques for real-world applications are immensely valuable and versatile. These techniques are usually employed when exact optimisation methods are not easily applicable or simply when, due to sheer complexity, such techniques could potentially be very costly. Another advantage is that since a population of decision vectors is considered in each generation these algorithms are implicitly parallelisable and can generate an approximation of the entire Pareto front at each iteration. A critique of their capabilities is also provided.
Mixed venous oxygen saturation is a prognostic marker after surgery for aortic stenosis

Background: Adequate monitoring of the hemodynamic state is essential after cardiac surgery and is vital for medical decision making, particularly concerning hemodynamic management. Unfortunately, commonly used methods to assess the hemodynamic state are not well documented with regard to outcome. Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) was therefore investigated after cardiac surgery.
Increased Production of Interleukin‐17 Over Interleukin‐10 by Treg Cells Implicates Inducible Costimulator Molecule in Experimental Spondyloarthritis

HLA–B27/human β2‐microglobulin (hβ2m)–transgenic (B27‐transgenic) rats develop an inflammatory disorder resembling spondyloarthritis, with accumulation of proinflammatory Th17 cells. Because Treg cells and Th17 cells have opposing effects in inflammatory disorders, we sought to determine whether biased expansion of Th17 cells could result from altered Treg cell frequency and/or function in B27‐transgenic rats.
Hemoglobin-based Red Cell Substitutes

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Personnel breathing zone sevoflurane concentration adherence to occupational exposure limits in conjunction with filling of vaporisers

Background: Work place pollution during filling of anaesthetic vaporisers has been a matter of concern. We studied personnel breathing zone ambient air sevoflurane concentrations during filling of sevoflurane with three different filling systems: Quik‐Fil™ for Abbott and Dräger Fill™ resp. Easy‐Fil™ adapters for Baxter sevoflurane bottles, referred to as ‘Abbott and Baxter filling systems’.
Whole‐Exome Sequencing Reveals Overlap Between Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a life‐threatening complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), resembles familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a constellation of autosomal‐recessive immune disorders resulting from deficiency in cytolytic pathway proteins. We undertook this study to test our hypothesis that MAS predisposition in systemic JIA could be attributed to rare gene sequence variants affecting the cytotolytic pathway.
HYDRATION STATUS IN SWISS ELITE MALE JUDOKAS

Background Judo competitions are divided into weight classes. Some athletes reduce their body weight in short time in order to obtain a competitive advantage over lighter opponents. Fast weight loss comprises dehydration strategies that could place the athletes at health risk. Since nutrition is often the missing piece in the athlete's knowledge, the judoka is not aware of the risk taken. Hypohydration leads to a diminution of function and so has many negative effects on health (musculoskeletal and neurological). Objective To assess the feasibility of a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) based hydration status monitoring system before the competition and to compare it with a urine color chart scaling system. Design Observational descriptive study with anonymous data collection after informed consent during the Team Championship finals of the Swiss Judo Federation (SJV). Setting Field measurements on the competition day just after the official selection weight-in through BIA octopolar fluid balance electrical measurement, questionnaire data. Participants All accepting male athletes of the elite national Swiss teams. Risk factor assessment Body weight, hydration habitus and status. Main outcome measurements Extracellular/Intracellular and Total body water content status before entering the fighting mat (precompetitive hydration status). Results 35 out of 48 athletes accepted to participate. 54% were under the current accepted euhydration status, but only 14% were in the non optimal urine color group. 70% had inappropriate drinking habits. Conclusions Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a quick way to determine the total water content of competitive judokas on the field without being invasive and seems to be more precise than a color chart evaluation. Clinical application: it can help the Judo community to gather better knowledge on hydration problems. We expect this system to be part of a national and an international strategy of tracking hydration questions.
Wait Time and Service Satisfaction at the Outpatient Clinic of a Nigerian Psychiatric Hospital.

Background: In February 2006, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta launched the local charter of SERVICOM and promised the clients timely and quality services delivered with fairness, honesty, courtesy, and transparency. Implementation of this promise is yet to be evaluated. Objectives: To determine the wait time and service satisfaction of the patients attending the outpatient clinic of the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta. Methods: In this cross sectional study, wait time at each of the clinic’s service points and the transit wait time between them were recorded for all the patients who attended the clinic in the third week of July 2008. Patient’s satisfaction questionnaire was administered on a sub-sample. Results: Four hundred and fifty-two patients participated. The mean total wait time (from arrival at the medical record to exit from the clinic) was 181 minutes (SD = 34.8 min, minimum = 30min, maximum = 228 min). The mean transit wait time was 48.43 minutes. More than 80% of the subjects strongly agreed that the clinic services were transparent, timely, fair, effective and with courtesy. However, only 40.6% strongly agreed that the services were affordable. Conclusion: The range of the total wait time was too wide, with some patients spending more than 7 times the amount of time spent by others. A quarter of total wait time was spent on queuing or transiting between service points. There is need to optimize the flow map at the clinic and to set goal for maximum acceptable wait time at each service point. Keywords: Wait Time, Satisfaction, Outpatient, Psychiatry. Declaration of Interest: Research grant was received from the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta.
Evaluation of Ergonomic Risk of Manual Handling of Patients with MAPO Index and its Relationship with Incidence of Low Back Pain among Nurses

Low back pain (LBP) is the most common and most costly musculoskeletal disorder among nursing profession. The ergonomic risk factors are common causes of lumbar injury. This study aims to assess the risk of LBP among nurses in different wards of an Iranian subspecialty hospital by means of MAPO method and to investigate if there is any relationship between calculated index and the self-reported LBP. The study was conducted in 16 sections of an Iranian subspecialty hospital including 174 wards. Exposed nursing staff (N=54) were asked to report LBP experiences in the past year. Our results indicated approximately 90% of examined wards were in the red band while only 9% were in the yellow and 1% in the green bands. Among all nurses who worked in the high risk wards, 25% reported suffering LBP during the past 12 months. However, 16% of those who were in the medium risk wards also experienced LBP in the past year. Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between LBP incidence and the level of MAPO index (p=0.004). This study suggests that the frequency of LBP among nurses is higher than the general population. The most studied wards felt in the red band, indicating the elevated risk for low back in the majority of hospital wards. It is therefore necessary to implement an ergonomic program in order to modify the observed deleterious condition as soon as possible.
Drug Formulary: The Cornerstone of a Managed Pharmacy Program

Drug formularies have migrated from the inpatient hospital environment to the ambulatory outpatient setting. Although formularies in use by managed health care organizations may vary widely in their design, they have quickly become the cornerstone of the managed pharmacy benefit. A carefully designed formulary can direct drug use to the safest and most efficacious products that may ultimately lower total drug costs. Other managed health care drug formulary considerations are presented. A method is described to develop a drug formulary. The drug evaluation matrix (DEM) provides a systematic, reproducible drug selection process based on efficacy, safety, and cost. DEM allows the user to assign different weights to these factors during the drug evaluation process. The product of DEM is a drug formulary that is therapeutically complete, consistent with accepted medical practice and maximizes cost efficiencies achievable from a drug formulary.
Participatory research maximises community and lay involvement

Participatory research attempts to negotiate a balance between developing valid generalisable knowledge and benefiting the community that is being researched and to improve research protocols by incorporating the knowledge and expertise of community members. For many types of research in specific communities, these goals can best be met by the community and researcher collaborating in the research as equals. #### Summary points The knowledge, expertise, and resources of the involved community are often key to successful research Three primary features of participatory research include collaboration, mutual education, and acting on results developed from research questions that are relevant to the community Participatory research is based on a mutually respectful partnership between researchers and communities Partnerships are strengthened by joint development of research agreements for the design, implementation, analysis, and dissemination of results Results of participatory research both have local applicability and are transferable to other communities This integrative review is based on a search of medical, nursing, and social science databases and ethical research codes. The material selected had to be significant theoretical works, source documents, or concrete examples of participatory research. We assessed the texts on the basis of our own experiences as members of Native communities (LEC, MLMcC, CMR) and researchers (WLF, NG, ACM, MLMcC, PLT) in participatory research projects. The preliminary draft was reviewed by a wide range of researchers and community members. The members of the North American Primary Care Research Group reviewed and accepted the final draft as a ploicy statement for participatory research This article summarises that document (the full document can be found at http://views.vcu.edu/views/fap/napcrg98/exec.html). Participatory research began as a movement for social justice in international development settings.1 It was developed to help improve social and economic conditions, to effect change, and to reduce the distrust of the people being studied.2 Although different …
High Opening Injection Pressure Is Associated With Needle-Nerve and Needle-Fascia Contact During Femoral Nerve Block

Background and Objectives High opening injection pressures (OIPs) have been shown to predict sustained needle tip contact with the roots of the brachial plexus. Such roots have a uniquely high ratio of fascicular versus connective tissue. It is unknown if this relationship is preserved during multifascicular nerve blockade. We hypothesized that OIP can predict needle-nerve contact during femoral nerve block, as well as detect needle contact with the fascia iliaca. Methods Twenty adults scheduled for femoral block were recruited. Using ultrasound, a 22-gauge needle was sequentially placed in 4 locations: indenting the fascia iliaca, advanced through the fascia iliaca while lateral to the nerve, slightly indenting the femoral nerve, and withdrawn from the nerve 1 mm. At each location, the OIP required to initiate an injection of 1 mL D5W (5% dextrose in water) at 10 mL/min was recorded. Blinded investigators performed evaluations and aborted injections when an OIP of 15 psi was reached. Results Opening injection pressure was 15 psi or greater for 90% and 100% of cases when the needle indented the femoral nerve and fascia iliaca, respectively. Opening injection pressure was less than 15 psi for all 20 patients when the needle was withdrawn 1 mm from the nerve as well as at the subfascial position (McNemar &khgr;2 P < 0.001). Conclusions Opening injection pressure greater than 15 psi was associated with a block needle tip position slightly indenting the epineurium of the femoral nerve (90%) and the fascia iliaca (100%). Needle tip positions not indenting these structures were associated with OIP of less than 15 psi (100%).
Effect of PEEP on regional ventilation during laparoscopic surgery monitored by electrical impedance tomography

Background: Anesthesia per se and pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery lead to atelectasis and impairment of oxygenation. We hypothesized that a ventilation with positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during general anesthesia and laparoscopic surgery leads to a more homogeneous ventilation distribution as determined by electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Furthermore, we supposed that PEEP ventilation in lung‐healthy patients would improve the parameters of oxygenation and respiratory compliance.
Topical application of oxifulvic acid suppresses the cutaneous immune response in mice

The antiinflammatory activity of topically applied coal‐derived fulvic acids (called oxifulvic acid) at 4.5% and 9% was compared with that of diclofene sodium at 1% and betamethasone at 0.1% in a murine model of contact hypersensitivity. Mice were sensitised with dinitrofluorobenzene and challenged 6 days later by application to the dorsal surface of the right ear. The inflamed ears of the mice were then treated topically, and the thickness of the ears was measured daily. Oxifulvic acid at both concentrations compared favourably with both diclofene sodium and betamethasone in suppressing the cutaneous inflammatory response. Oxifulvic acid possesses antiinflammatory properties and may be of clinical benefit in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions in humans. Drug Dev. Res. 53:29–32, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella Species Associated with Childhood Acute Gastroenteritis in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria

Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Salmonella strains associated with childhood acute gastroenteritis in Nigeria; as well as to evaluate the resistant patterns of the strains to the commonly used antimicrobials agents. Study Design: Children ≤ 5years having diarrhoea characterized by the occurrence of three or more loose or watery stool or at least one bloody loose stool in a 24-hour period were enrolled in the study.
Analgesic Effect and Functional Improvement Caused by Radiofrequency Treatment of Genicular Nerves in Patients With Advanced Osteoarthritis of the Knee Until 1 Year Following Treatment

Background and Objectives Radiofrequency ablation of genicular nerves has proved to be successful in relieving pain and incapacity caused by osteoarthritis of the knee. However, long-term efficacy of such a treatment remains to be assessed. The current study aimed to reproduce radiofrequency neurotomy of genicular nerves to manage gonarthrosis pain and disability and establish therapeutic response until 1 year after intervention. Methods This single-center, prospective, observational, noncontrolled, longitudinal study included patients with grade 3 to 4 gonarthrosis suffering from intractable knee pain, scoring 5 or more on the visual analog scale (VAS) during >6 months. Therapy was based on ultrasound guided radiofrequency neurotomy of the superior medial, superior lateral and inferior medial genicular nerves. Visual analog scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis scores were assessed before therapy and at 1, 6, and 12 months following treatment. Results Radiofrequency neurotomy of genicular nerves significantly reduced perceived pain (VAS) and disability (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis) in the majority of participants, without untoward events. The proportion of participants with improvement of 50% or greater in pretreatment VAS scores at 1, 6, and 12 months following intervention were 22/25 (88%), 16/25 (64%) and 8/25 (32%), respectively. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency neurotomy of genicular nerves alleviates intractable pain and disability in the majority of patients with advanced osteoarthritis of the knee. Such a treatment is safe and minimally invasive and can be performed in an outpatient setting. The beneficial effect of treatment started to decline after 6 months, but even 1 year after the intervention, 32% of patients reported 50% improvement or greater in pretreatment VAS scores.
α‐Galactosylceramide‐induced iNKT cells suppress experimental allergic asthma in sensitized mice: Role of IFN‐γ

Allergic asthma is a multifaceted syndrome consisting of eosinophil‐rich airway inflammation, bronchospasm, and airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR). Using a mouse model of allergic asthma, we previously reported that invariant NKT (iNKT) cells increase the severity of this disease. Herein, we demonstrate that a single i.v. injection of α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer), 1 h before the first airway allergen challenge of OVA‐sensitized mice, abrogates elicitation of AHR, airway eosinophilia, IL‐4 and IL‐5 production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and specific anti‐OVA IgE antibodies. Further, α‐GalCer administered intranasally also strongly inhibited the major symptoms of asthma in sensitized and challenged mice. α‐GalCer treatment induces iNKT cell accumulation in the lungs, and shifts their cytokine profile from pro‐asthmatic IL‐4 to a protective IFN‐γ production. The role of IFN‐γ from iNKT cells in protection was shown by adoptive transfer of sorted iNKT cells from OVA‐sensitized and α‐GalCer‐treated mice which protected immunized recipients from manifesting asthma by an IFN‐γ‐dependent pathway. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that α‐GalCer administered locally inhibits asthma symptoms, even in predisposed asthmatic mice, through an iNKT cell‐ and IFN‐γ‐dependent pathway.
Employing Noncognitive Variables to Improve Admissions, and Increase Student Diversity and Retention

Today, a growing number of North American postsecondary institutions are incorporating the use of noncognitive variables into their requirements for a holistic admissions process. Why is there more and more interest in utilizing these nonacademic variables for students who are applying to these institutions? It's all about student success and institutional improvement. The results from those colleges and universities that have embraced holistic admissions by adding noncognitive measures to their admissions requirements include students’ academic success and improved institutional persistence and graduation rates—particularly among students who may be disadvantaged by traditional admission practices.
Desflurane‐induced and ischaemic postconditioning against myocardial infarction are mediated by Pim‐1 kinase

Anaesthetic‐induced (APOST) and ischaemic postconditioning (IPOST) against myocardial infarction are mediated via phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/Akt. Pim‐1 kinase is acting downstream of Akt and has recently been demonstrated to enhance cardiomyocyte survival. We tested the hypothesis that both APOST and IPOST are mediated by Pim‐1 kinase.
EFFECT OF OILS CONTAINING UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ON PATIENTS WITH DERMATITIS: WITH A BRIEF REPORT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN GUINEA-PIGS

For the past five or six years a number of investigators have been studying the effects of the feeding of oils containing highly unsaturated fatty acids (with a high iodine number) to patients with infantile eczema and chronic dermatitis (atopic eczema, generalized neurodermatitis). A. E. Hansen, 1 who was originally responsible for the idea of feeding children oils containing unsaturated fatty acids for infantile eczema had his inspiration from the experiments of Burr and Burr, 2 who noted a cutaneous disease in rats having a deficiency in unsaturated fatty acids. Hansen found low iodine numbers for the serums of patients with infantile eczema and noted a rise of these iodine numbers coincident with clinical improvement which followed feeding of corn oil or linseed oil. He also noted that clinical improvement was accompanied or preceded by a return of the iodine number of the fatty acids in the serum from subnormal
Brain death induced by cerebral haemorrhage – a new porcine model evaluated by CT angiography

Brain death and complications to brain death affects the function of organs in the potential donor. Previous animal models of brain death have not been able to fully elucidate the mechanisms behind this organ dysfunction, and none of the available animal models mimic the most common insult prior to brain death: intracerebral haemorrhage. The objective of this study was to develop a large animal model of brain death based on a controlled intracerebral haemorrhage and verified by computerised tomographic angiography (CTA).
Association with Self-Perception for Obesity and Mental Health among Korean Adolescent

：Obesity has been linked to various psychological problems as well as medical complications, especially among adolescents. Previous studies have suggested an association between body weight and depression or self-esteem ; however, there has been little evidence on self-perception of weight and mental health. The aim of this study was to examine the associa-tion of perceptional weight status with mental health in Korean adolescents.
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, and Anemia During Pregnancy in Eastern Nigeria: The Public Health Implication

Malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and anemia constitute major public health problems during pregnancy. These were assessed among pregnant women in southeastern Nigeria using standard techniques. Of the 480 women studied, 72 (15.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.8%-18.2%) had Plasmodium falciparum infection, and the prevalence was significantly higher among primigravidae than multigravidae (χ2 = 10.2, P < 0.05). Twenty-one (4.4%) of the women were HIV positive, and P. falciparum prevalence was significantly higher among them (38.1%, 95% CI, 17.3%-58.9%) than HIV-negative women (13.9%, 95% CI, 10.7%-17.1%; χ2 = 9.19, P < 0.05). P. falciparum prevalence was significantly associated with lower packed cell volume (χ2 = 14.20, P < 0.05). Prevalence of anemia (packed cell volume <33%) was significantly higher among women with P. falciparum (χ2 = 5.19, P < 0.05) and HIV infection (χ2 = 4.30, P < 0.05). Provision of sustainable and affordable integrated preventive maternal health services is crucial for reducing the burden of malaria, HIV infection, and anemia.