Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic methods in molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis

Introduction: Epidemiological studies of tuberculosis cover a number of medical disciplines, such as clinical medicine, pathology, microbiology, medical statistics, as well as biochemistry and genetics. The rapid development of modern techniques in molecular biology observed in recent years has also allowed their use in the studies of the epidemiology of tuberculosis. These techniques are based on the detection in the mycobacterial genome of characteristic sequences, their organization and polymorphism, and also the identification of genes which determine virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Objective: Characteristics of the main genotyping methods applied in molecular epidemiological investigations of tuberculosis. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Genome sequencing allows the determination of molecular patterns (fingerprinting) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains analyzed and their discrimination. This is crucial when defining the findings of epidemiological investigations and, above all, recognizing the source of tuberculosis and routes of its transmission. Before molecular methods for epidemiological investigations had been developed, most of the research was limited to discriminating on the basis of biochemical and serological features, phage typing and drug resistance phenotype. With the advent of molecular techniques, epidemiologists began using effective markers to track the transmission and to identify the phylogenetic characteristics of M. tuberculosis strains. Summary: The most important criteria for selection of the method of typing are: the nature of the sample, its size, and the time at which the material was collected. The methods currently used are characterized by varied discriminatory power, the value of which is determined by the degree of clustering/grouping of strains into potential epidemiological groups within which the transmission occurred.
CYCLONES IN BANGLADESH - A CASE STUDY OF A WHOLE COUNTRY RESPONSE TO RAPID ONSET DISASTERS

Bangladesh, a densely populated country that is frequently beset by natural disasters, has been struck by three major cyclones in the past 37 years – but the resultant loss of life has diminished 100-fold (from some 300,000 in 1970 to around 4,000 in 2007). This bald statistic alone indicates that the Government of Bangladesh, together with a range of UN agencies and national and international NGOs, has developed an effective strategy that encompasses both disaster preparedness and response activities. This paper utilises the UK “Defence Lines of Development” model to analyse this strategy, and to identify key lessons
Numerical analyses of adhesive-bonded joints in steel I-beams reinforced with CFRP strips

Numerical analyses represent a useful structure-dimensioning tool and are indispensable for the analyses of structures featuring varied materials or complex geometric layouts. Modelling reinforced structures by gluing their elements is complicated as frequently at least two elements, made of different materials, are joined. This influences their behaviour under a load. Numerical analyses can provide invaluable support in this respect. To compare the laboratory test results obtained by the authors referring to reinforcing bent steel I-beams with adhesive-bonded composite-CFRP strips, and theoretical analyses (which are not the subject of this study), a preliminary FEM analysis was carried out. FEM analysis models were created with the same geometries and material parameters of the strengthening composite strip, the adhesive, and the reinforced I-beam, as in the laboratory tests. The distribution of stresses along the bond end, and their maximum values at the strip end, were specified in detail. ABAQUS®6.12-3 software was used to verify the results. The compliance of the FEM analysis with the laboratory measurements was confirmed in terms of the identified values and shearing-stress diagrams.
In Vitro Effects of Enterococcus Faecalis and Selected Biomolecules on the Motility of Rabbit Spermatozoa

Summary This study assessed the potential efficiency of selected biologically active substances on the motility behavior of rabbit spermatozoa subjected to in vitro induced E. faecalis contamination. Semen samples were collected from 10 male rabbits and the presence of E. faecalis was confirmed using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. For the in vitro experiments rabbit spermatozoa were resuspended in the presence of 0,3 McF E. faecalis and different concentrations of selected biomolecules (resveratrol - RES, quercetin - QUE, curcumin - CUR, epicatechin - EPI, isoquercitrin - IZO). Sperm motility was assessed using the computer-aided sperm analysis at 0h, 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h. The presence of E. faecalis significantly decreased the motility (P<0.001) when compared to the untreated Control starting at 2h and maintaining this negative impact throughout the entire in vitro culture. Meanwhile, the motility was significantly higher in the experimental samples subjected to E. faecalis together 5 μmol/L RES (P<0.05), 10 μmol/L QUE (P<0.05) as well as 1 μmol/L (P<0.01) and 10 μmol/L CUR (P<0.05) when compared to the Positive Control (4h). No biomolecule was able to maintain the motion comparable to the Negative Control, and none was effective against the rapid decline of sperm motility caused by the presence of E. faecalis during later stages of the in vitro experiment (6h and 8h). We may conclude that RES, QUE and CUR may provide a selective advantage to spermatozoa in the presence of E. faecalis, particularly during short-term rabbit semen handling.
COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLAIN , PIQUE , DOUBLE-PIQUE AND FLEECED KNITTED

This paper investigates the performance and physical properties of single weft knitted fabrics. The objective of the study is to find out the impact of the raw material, count of yarn, pattern and elastomeric yarn ratio on the performance and physical properties of the plain, pique, double-pique and fleecy patterned knitted fabrics. Used raw material varies as polyester and cotton. Elastomeric yarn ratio of the samples differ between 5-10 %. To compare the performances, air permeability, bursting strength, pilling, dimensional change and skewness of the sample knitted fabrics are measured. To compare the physical properties, fabric unit weight, thickness, porosity, loop shape factor, wale per cm and course per cm are evaluated. The experimental results have been statistically evaluated with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method by using Design Expert 6.06 package programme.Test results show that raw material and yarn count are effective on bursting strength, yarn count is mostly effective on air permeability. Selected parameters have no decisive effect on dimensional change and skewness properties of the samples.
The Role of the Government Regulation in Online Transportation: A Model Validation

The online transportation has been a concern in many countries. It caused social problems with more established conventional transportation such as taxis and buses. Some countries had issued policy to regulate online transportation, while some others did not. Indonesia is facing the similar dilemmas. On one hand online transportation provides new jobs but on the other hand it adds congestion and creating threats to the conventional public transportation presence. This research is conducted to reveal the public opinion towards the continued use of online transportation. The insight of this issue might help government in deciding whether or not they are issuing a policy on online transportation. To do the research, this study used an information system (IS) model to understand the context of continuance. As the practice of IS model use in public administration research is still very limited this study will focus on the validity of IS model to be used in public administration area. Questionnaire was given to 64 respondents that were chosen using convenient sampling approach. The items of the questionnaire were built based on the well-known IS continuance model with some addition to the predictor variables. The result indicates that IS model could be used in the public administration research as most of the items in the constructs were valid and reliable. Another important finding is that government regulation is the valid predictor of public intention to reuse online transportation. This study suggests government to issue a policy to regulate online transportation, by having a balance portion on maintaining economic growth and providing social stability. Further suggestions are discussed in the paper.
Industrial Capital Intensity and Comparative Advantages Dynamism of Indonesian Export Products

The development of new trade theory which incorporates the interaction between trade and international capital flows indicates if the possibility of changes in a country's comparative advantage due to the opening of international capital flows. International capi tal flows allow for changes in the industrial structure of a country depends on the composition of the products produced in that coun try. More capital-intensive types of products produced by a country, the greater the need for capital and the higher marginal rate of capital that can be given to attract greater international capital flows. Therefore, a comparative advantage should be seen as dynamic rather than static. As a country with large population, Indonesia tends to specialize in labor -intensive products. The other hand, efforts to attract foreign direct investment are very intensively conducted. The estimation results indicate if there was a shift in the pattern of industrial specialization Indonesia, from labor –intensive tends toward capital intensive.
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS FOR HENSTOCK-KURZWEIL INTEGRAL

An introduction to Henstock-kurzweil integral is given. The integral is Super Lebesgue and also includes improper Riemann integrals. Every derivative is integrable and this result is proved. We obtain a mean value theorem for vector valued mappings. A generalization of the notion of Euclidean space , namely a metric semigroup is discussed. It provides an abstract framework which includes the integral for mappings assuming fuzzy real values as well as Aumann integral for set valued mappings introduced by Nobel Laureate Aumann. An advantage of this approach is that one need not know what is a fuzzy real number but one just needs to know that fuzzy real numbers form a metric semigroup. A version of fundamental theorem of calculus as well as mean value theorem is proved for mappings assuming values in a Metric semigroup. Thus we obtain another approach to define Aumann integral for set valued mappings, where we do not have to consider integrable selectors. It is also to be noted that to define Lebesgue integral we need the notion of norm and in case of metric semigroups we do not have the notion of norm as well as a linear functional. Apart from outer measure, or Daniell lattice, Henstock Kurzeweil integral offers yet another method to construct Lebesgue measure. 1
INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECONDARY EDUCATION: A PANACEA FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE

This paper addresses Instructional supervision in the administration of secondary education as a panacea for quality assurance highlighting the concepts of instructional supervision, differences between supervision and inspection, quality assurance/total quality management as well as quality in teaching and learning. Also instructional supervision as a viable tool for quality output in secondary education and the techniques of instructional supervision were treated like classroom observation, teacher visitation, demonstration, workshop, microteaching, listening to recordings, guided practice and research. Since an unsupervised instruction may mar the standard of education, it is therefore suggested that principals as catalysts should facilitate the implementation of the various sets of instructional activities that will improve the teaching-learning situation in the input-process-output framework. This is geared towards an effective, viable, vibrant and qualitative educational system.
Models for Interstellar Extinction in the Galaxy

We present two models for the interstellar extinction in the Galaxy that are based on the hypothesis that the interstellar dust is well mixed with the gas, with a constant ratio (except for a small dependence of metallicity on the Galactic radius), and therefore that the extinction is proportional to the column density of the gas. In the first model we assume that the Galaxy is axisymmetric; the gas density in the disk is a function of the Galactic radius and of the distance perpendicular to the Galactic plane, and the extinction is proportional to the column density of the gas. In the second model we take into account the spiral structure of the Galaxy. In this case, instead of increasing almost linearly with distance, the extinction increases by steps each time a spiral arm is crossed, but only increases slowly in the interarm regions. The gas density distribution is obtained from the Berkeley and Parkes H I surveys and from the Columbia University CO survey. The IRAS 100 μm brightness distribution is also used as a tracer of the interstellar dust column density. The predictions of the models are compared with data taken from a number of catalogs that present color excess and distances for large samples of stars. Our models are useful for estimating distances of objects and color corrections for objects for which the distance can be estimated by some other method, and also for star counts and brightness models of the Galaxy, among other applications.
A Square Root Process for Modelling Correlation

Auf den Aktienmarkten ist in der letzten Zeit eine steigende Bedeutung von Korrelation zu beobachten gewesen. Dies spiegelt sich unter anderem in einer steigenden Nachfrage nach Korrelationsswaps wider. Investmentbanken und andere Marktteilnehmer konnen nur dann ein groses Volumen an Korrelationsswaps bewerten und diese Risiko verwalten, wenn sie einen verlasslichen Modellierungsansatz haben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein stetiger, stochastischer Prozess zur Modellierung von Korrelation vorgestellt. Der Prozess ist beschrankt und schwankt um einen Mittelwert, womit er zwei Eigenschaften von Korrelation abbildet, die am Markt zu beobachten sind. Neben der offensichtlichen Anwendung im Bereich des Korrelationsswaps kann das Modell allgemeiner im Quantitative Finance und daruber hinaus verwendet werden. Bereits existierende Modelle konnen um das Konzept der stochastischen Korrelation erweitert werden, welches zu einer verfeinerten Modellierung korrelationsabhangiger Produkte fuhrt. Nach Prasentation des Modellansatzes wird das Modell hinsichtlich Grenzverhalten und Momenten analysiert. Eine Kalibrierungsroutine wird vorgestellt. Die Arbeit schliest mit der Umsetzung des Ansatzes in verschiedenen Beispielen.
Emotional Intelligence among Universities

Emotional intelligence is the indispensable factor of all intelligence dimensions. It presents individuals with the capability to recognize one’s own feeling and other emotions too, managing it. The purpose of research study is to determine the emotional intelligence among Public and Private Sector Universities and the role of demographic aspects (gender, institution, academic courses and cumulative grade point average (CGPA). The importance of emotional intelligence among university students is crucial since it specifies competencies such as intrapersonal, interpersonal and communication skills. The sample consists of a total of 100 university students from 3 public Universities and 3 private universities were taken randomly. The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Short (EQ-i:S) by Bar-On (1997) as research instrument used for measuring emotional intelligence. The scores were classified into high and low emotional intelligence level. The collected results were analyzed based on demographic factors such as gender, institution wise, academic courses and cumulative grade point average (CGPA) in Emotional intelligence. In general, majority of university students shows low emotional intelligence. This research study suggests that higher education institutions need to lighten and enhance university students’ emotional intelligence.
ANALYSING THE DETERMINANTS OF TERRORISM IN TURKEY USING GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION

This paper investigates the determinants of provincial terrorism in Turkey taking spatial dimension into account for the time period 1990–2006. Following a traditional global regression analysis, spatial variations in the relationships are examined with geographically weighted regression (GWR) to obtain locally different parameter estimates. Empirical results indicate that increases in income and schooling ratio tend to reduce the provincial average level of terrorism, whereas an increase in unemployment enhances it. Moreover, GWR results indicate that the provincial effects of per capita income and education are more pronounced for the Eastern and South Eastern provinces compared to the Western provinces.
Demand For Meat And Fish Products In Korea

The Korean livestock industry is currently facing the critical challenge of the market liberalization trend under the World Trade Organization. This study analyzes the consumption behavior of meat and fish products in Korea, by estimating the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS). The empirical results indicate that beef imports in Korea would increase in the future under trade liberalization. If cheap and better quality imported beef are introduced to Korean consumers, Hanwoo (Korean domestic cattle) beef would not maintain its market share. Key words: Meat, fish, trade liberalization, per capita consumption, demand, separability, and price elasticity.
The Three Hundred project: a large catalogue of theoretically modelled galaxy clusters for cosmological and astrophysical applications

We introduce the THE THREE HUNDRED project, an endeavour to model 324 large galaxy clusters with full-physics hydrodynamical re-simulations. Here we present the data set and study the differences to observations for fundamental galaxy cluster properties and scaling relations. We find that the modelled galaxy clusters are generally in reasonable agreement with observations with respect to baryonic fractions and gas scaling relations at redshift z = 0. However, there are still some (model-dependent) differences, such as central galaxies being too massive, and galaxy colours (g - r) being bluer (about 0.2 dex lower at the peak position) than in observations. The agreement in gas scaling relations down to 10(13) h(-1) M-circle dot between the simulations indicates that particulars of the sub-grid modelling of the baryonic physics only has a weak influence on these relations. We also include - where appropriate - a comparison to three semi-analytical galaxy formation models as applied to the same underlying dark-matteronly simulation. All simulations and derived data products are publicly available.
An Assessment of Diet Overlap of Two Mesocarnivores in the North West Province, South Africa

We used scat analysis to study the diet of two sympatric medium-sized carnivores: brown hyaena and black-backed jackal, in the North West Province of South Africa. Seven major dietary categories were identified from the scats, with mammal remains being most common for both species. Brown hyaena scats contained more large mammal remains, which together with the presence of invertebrates (in 50% of all brown hyaena scats), suggests that they mainly scavenged. Jackal scats contained a higher proportion of small mammal remains, suggesting that jackals actively hunted more often than brown hyaenas did. The diets differed significantly between the two species, even though diet overlap was fairly high (0.79). Further analysis, albeit based on small sample sizes, suggests that diet of these mesopredators differ between protected reserves with apex predators and unprotected areas without apex predators, thus confounding generalizations. Further studies are therefore required to investigate possible mesopredator release when apex predators are absent.
GEOtop 2.0: simulating the combined energy and water balance at and below the land surface accounting for soil freezing, snow cover and terrain effects

Abstract. GEOtop is a fine-scale grid-based simulator that represents the heat and water budgets at and below the soil surface. It describes the three-dimensional water flow in the soil and the energy exchange with the atmosphere, considering the radiative and turbulent fluxes. Furthermore, it reproduces the highly non-linear interactions between the water and energy balance during soil freezing and thawing, and simulates the temporal evolution of the water and energy budgets in the snow cover and their effect on soil temperature. Here, we present the core components of GEOtop 2.0 and demonstrate its functioning. Based on a synthetic simulation, we show that the interaction of processes represented in GEOtop 2.0 can result in phenomena that are significant and relevant for applications involving permafrost and seasonally frozen soils, both in high altitude and latitude regions.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00473 drives the progression of pancreatic cancer via upregulating programmed death‐ligand 1 by sponging microRNA‐195‐5p

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a great health burden to patients owing to its poor overall survival rate. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) interact with microRNAs (miRs) to participate in tumorigenesis. Therefore, we aim to uncover the role and related mechanism of LINC00473 in PC through the modulation of miR‐195‐5p and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Increased LINC00473 and PD‐L1 but declined miR‐195‐5p were determined in PC tissues and cell lines, and it was found that LINC00473 mainly situated in the cytoplasm. Also, miR‐195‐5p was verified to bind with both LINC00473 and PD‐L1. Next, with the aim to examine the ability of LINC00473, miR‐195‐5p, and PD‐L1 on the PC progression, the expression of LINC00473, miR‐195‐5p and PD‐L1 were altered with mimics, inhibitors, overexpression vectors or siRNAs in PC cells and cocultured CD8+ T cells. It was demonstrated that LINC00473 sponged miR‐195‐5p to upregulate PD‐L1 expression. More important, the obtained results revealed that LINC00473 silencing or miR‐195‐5p upregulation elevated the expression of Bcl‐2 associated X protein (Bax), interferon (IFN)‐γ, and interleukin (IL)‐4 but reduced the expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, and IL‐10, thus inducing the enhancement of the apoptosis as along with the inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration of the PC cells. LINC00473 silencing or miR‐195‐5p elevation activated the CD8+ T cells. Taken together, LINC00473 silencing blocked the PC progression through enhancing miR‐195‐5p‐targeted downregulation of PD‐L1. This finding offers new therapeutic options for treating this devastating disease.