Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Languaage Attitudes in Alcalá de Henares towards Immigrants" and "Adverbial Adjectives: A Usage-based Approach"

S “Language Attitudes in Alcalá de Henares Towards Immigrants” Lauren Elaine Truman Department of Spanish and Portuguese, BYU Master of Arts This study is part of the IN.MIGRA-2 CM project, which studies the sociolinguistic integration of the immigrant population of Madrid. The present study focuses on the language attitudes of 16 residents of Alcalá de Henares, a community of Madrid. The participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with the following affirmations: (1) The Spanish of Madrid is more correct than the forms of speech of Latin American immigrants; (2) Mastery of the Spanish language is the principal demonstration of the integration of immigrants; (3) Immigrants of Latin American origin are integrated because they speak the same language. The study finds a connection between higher levels of contact with immigrants and lower ratings of agreement with the affirmations. This investigation supports others that show connections between social networks and language attitudes, and it adds to the sparse research on language attitudes in Madrid.
A variationally derived, depth-integrated approximation to a higher-order glaciological flow model

Abstract An approximation to the first-order momentum balance with consistent boundary conditions is derived using variational methods. Longitudinal and lateral stresses are treated as depth-independent, but vertical velocity gradients are accounted for both in the nonlinear viscosity and in the treatment of basal stress, allowing for flow over a frozen bed. A numerical scheme is presented that is significantly less computationally expensive than that of a fully three-dimensional (3-D) solver. The numerical solver is subjected to the ISMIP-HOM experiments and experiments involving nonlinear sliding laws, and results are compared with those of 3-D models. The agreement with first-order surface velocities is favorable down to length scales of 10 km for flow over a flat bed with periodic basal traction, and ∼40 km for flow over periodic basal topography.
Crowdsourcing and policing: Opportunities for research and practice

Crowdsourcing, i.e. digitally enabled processes to solicit contributions from large groups of external actors, is considered a promising approach to improve collaboration between citizens and organisations in both the private and public sector. In the present paper, we explain what crowdsourcing means and how it works. We then review the state of the art in this emerging field of research and examine the manifold opportunities, key challenges and main risks of its application in policing contexts.
Biophysical Assessment and Monetary Valuation of Ecosystem Services: Scenario analysis for the case of water purification in Europe

There is a need to prove the relevance of ecosystem services in economic terms in order to make a comprehensive and compelling case for conservation of biodiversity. Many different approaches and frameworks used so far have proven that there is no economic or monetary estimate of ecosystems or ecosystem services with absolute validity: any valuation exercise is always context related. This report presents a framework for valuing ecosystem services when the specific purpose of valuation is to support conservation policies at regional scale. After a brief review of the foundation of environmental and ecological economics and after showing the difference between economic models and valuation models, the framework for the valuation of ecosystem services related to conservation policies is presented both theoretically and practically through a case study. Theoretically it is shown how the role of economics (i.e. the application of monetary valuation techniques) is instrumental to natural sciences (i.e. the outcomes of models). The case study refers to the valuation of water purification in the Northern Mediterranean region. Throughout the paper, it is strongly outlined the crucial role of working within an interdisciplinary team
Unpacking the Contents - A Conceptual Model for Understanding User Experience in User Psychology

Paradigm shifts can be noted to have taken place in several areas of user-technology research. The most obvious have been in terms of including users within the design process, either in terms of usability studies or user experience design. There have also been shifts towards viewing human-technology interaction as not only an optical experience, but also an embodied one. When exploring these factors it is easy to prioritize the physical over the psychological. User interactions with systems are more easily measured in terms of concrete outcomes rather than by subjective feelings and perceptions of interaction. Through the conference theme: user modeling and user focus, this study's purpose has been to uncover mental contents present during the moments of human-system interaction. The study has employed a range of design stimuli for users to encounter and evaluate, giving a holistic idea of the psychological components involved in the interactions. The article describes a conceptual model which has derived from a study of mobile phone icons in the context of their graphical user interfaces. This study shows that users draw on multiple dimensions of mental information contents when experiencing technology, these include: cognitive, practical, aesthetic and emotional. Although the dimensions somewhat overlap, shifts can be seen between the dominance of the dimensions when the experience is positive or negative.
Effects of dietary mono- and multiprobiotic strains on growth performance, gut bacteria and body composition of Javanese carp (Puntius gonionotus, Bleeker 1850)

This study investigated the effects of dietary mono- and multiprobiotic strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus fermentum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides on growth performance, intestinal bacteria and body composition of Javanese carp (Puntius gonionotus). Moreover, the effect of storage temperature on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viability in the feed was studied. Compared to the control group, significant (P < 0.05) effect on weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of probiotic fed Javanese carp was observed. Inclusion of individual LAB strains in the diet resulted in significantly improved growth performances of Javanese carps compared to fish fed a diet supplemented LAB mixture. The inclusion level of E. faecalis at 10 7 colony-forming unit (cfu) g 1 in the diet revealed higher growth performance compared to other treatments. The population levels of LAB in the fish intestine were significantly increased while the levels of Gram-negative bacteria were significantly decreased compared to the control. No significant variations were observed in the chemical composition of the carcass by probiotics. The viability of LAB in feed was higher when stored at 4 °C compared to 25 °C. It is suggested that E. faecalis has a greater potential for use in improving Javanese carp culture outcomes.
Design of Novel Dual-Band Bandpass Filter with Microstrip Meander-Loop Resonator and CSRR DGS

A novel dual-band bandpass filter with meander-loop resonator and complement split-ring resonator (CSRR) defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed in this letter. Microstrip meanderloop resonator and CSRR DGS are operated for respective passbands. Several finite attenuation poles in stopbands are realized to improve the selectivity of the proposed bandpass filter and isolation between the two passbands. Compact size, dual band and high selectivity characteristics are realized by this type of filter structure. The filter is evaluated by experiment and simulation with very good agreement.
Mixed convection boundary layer flow about a solid sphere with Newtonian heating

In this paper, the steady mixed convection boundary layer flow about a solid sphere, generated by Newtonian heating in which the heat transfer from the surface is proportional to the local surface temperature, is considered. The governing boundary layer equations are first transformed into a system of non-dimensional equations via the non-dimensional variables, and then into non-similar equations before they are solved numerically, using an implicit finite-difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. Numerical solutions are obtained for the skin friction coefficient and the wall temperature, as well as the velocity and temperature profiles with several parameters considered, namely the mixed convection parameter λ, the Prandtl number Pr and the conjugate parameter γ.
How different is the exchange rate pass-through in new member states of the EU? Some potential explanatory factors

This paper uses data on import unit values for nine different product categories and bilateral imports to study the pass-through of exchange rate changes into the prices of imports that originated inside the Euro Area made by some New Member States (NMSs) of the European Union and one candidate country (Turkey). I estimate industry-specific rates of pass-through across and within countries using the methodological approach proposed by de Bandt, Banerjee and Kozluk (2008). I did not find evidence in favour of the hypothesis of Local Currency Pricing (zero pass-through) and the hypothesis of Producer Currency Pricing (complete pass-through) could be accepted in some countries for different industries. My results also show that there is a clear positive relationship between exchange rate pass-through and average inflation in these countries. I do find a slightly positive pattern for the relationship between exchange rate pass-through and openness. With reference to the relationship between exchange rate pass-through and the type of exchange rate regime I observe that a less volatile exchange rate implies a less degree of exchange rate pass-through. In industries I obtain a less degree of exchange rate pass-through in differentiated manufactured products. By including possible statistical break-dates in the estimation process I observe that some NMSs have decreased the exchange rate pass-through in recent years. Some of the breaks are close to the dates of some major institutional changes in these countries (changes in monetary policy and exchange rate regimes and the starting up of the EU membership).
The Theory of Infinite Hierarchical Nesting of Matter as the Source of New Ideas

With the help of the theory of infinite hierarchical nesting of matter the need for change in the theoretical foundations of the scientific world outlook is derived – in the philosophy; in the logic of thinking; in the system theory; in cosmology; in interrelation of matter levels; in describing the properties of matter carriers and the laws of their interaction; in the theory of gravitation; in the analysis of the mass origin; in the theory of relativity; in the theory of elementary particles; in thermodynamics and other fields of knowledge. The possible ways are described of overcoming the difficulties and challenges existing in a number of modern physical theories.
Application of X-Ray CT to Study Diffusivity in Cracked Concrete Through the Observation of Tracer Transport

This paper demonstrates the application of microfocus X-ray computed tomography (CT) to study solute transport in cracked concrete. Cracks in a cylindrical specimen of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and fly ash mortar were induced using a splitting tensile test. Cesium Carbonate (Cs2CO3) was then used as a tracer in the in-situ diffusion test with the aid of X-ray CT. Image analysis was also employed to measure the 3D crack geometry and tracer diffusivity from these CT images. The geometric tortuosity of the crack was approximately 1.25 irrespective of the crack opening width and whether fly ash was added or not. On the other hand, the constrictivity increased for the fly ash mortar having roughly the equivalent crack opening width. The measured diffusivity in the crack was controlled by both crack opening width and constrictivity. Results obtained from microtomographic images suggest that the entire crack space may not always be filled with the tracer. The diffusive transport of solute in cracks thus can be restricted from microstructure's point of view. Smaller crack opening would increase such restricted diffusion. Indications also suggest that the addition of fly ash would lead to the reduction of diffusivity through uncracked body of the mortar.
Some Unsymmetrical Metal 1,2-Dithiolenes Based on Palladium, Platinum and Gold

The unsymmetrical complexes Pd(dpedt)(dddt), Pt(dpedt)(dddt), Pd(dpedt)(dmit), and Au(dpedt)- (dddt) (where dpedt is diphenyl-ethylenedithiolate, dddt is 5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithin-2,3-dithiolate and dmit is 1,3-dithiol-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate) were prepared and characterized. The study of their chemical and electrochemical behavior showed that they are stable in air and could be candidate materials for fabrication of field-effect transistors and other devices.
Morphological and biochemical factors associated with resistance to Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in short-duration pigeonpea

The spotted pod borer Maruca vitrata (Geyer) is known for its economic importance throughout its geographical distribution because of its destructive nature to reproductive parts of several grain legume crops including pigeonpea. In view of the importance of the pest, the present study was carried out on the association of different morpho-chemical traits with resistance/susceptibility to M. vitrata at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India. Trichome length and density, sugars, proteins and phenols were found to be associated with resistance to M. vitrata in short-duration pigeonpea genotypes. Pod damage by M. vitrata on different short-duration pigeonpea genotypes in the field ranged from 5.8 to 68%. Laboratory studies showed less consumption of food and reduced larval and pupal weights of M. vitrata when reared on the resistant genotypes ICPL 98003 and ICPL 98008 indicating antibiosis effects of the genotypes. Trichome density on upper and lower surfaces of the leaf (390 and 452/9 mm ), and length (3.5 mm) and trichome density (442/9 mm2) and length (5.9 mm) on pods were found positively correlated with the resistant genotype ICPL 98003. High sugar content in flowers (22%) and pods (10.6%) was responsible for the susceptibility of ICPL 88034, while high phenol concentration in flowers (6.5%) and pods (9.3%) in ICPL 98003 was responsible for resistance. Protein content in pods was significantly higher (25.5%) in susceptible ICPL 88034 when compared with resistant ICPL 98003 (16.5%). Based on these results, ICPL 98003 and ICPL 98008 were categorized as highly resistant and ICPL 98012 as moderately resistant. This paper discusses the physico-chemical traits associated with resistance to M. vitrata in short-duration pigeonpea genotypes.
Inversion of In Situ Light Absorption and Attenuation Measurements to Estimate Constituent Concentrations in Optically Complex Shelf Seas

A deconvolution approach is presented to use spectral light absorption and attenuation data to estimate the concentration of the major non-water compounds in complex shelf sea waters. The inversion procedure requires knowledge of local material-specific inherent optical properties (SIOPs) which are determined from natural samples using a bio-optical model that differentiates between Case I and Case II waters and uses least squares linear regression analysis to provide optimal SIOP values. A synthetic data set is used to demonstrate that the approach is fundamentally consistent and to test the sensitivity to injection of controlled levels of artificial noise into the input data. Self-consistency of the approach is further demonstrated by application to field data collected in the Ligurian Sea, with chlorophyll (Chl), the nonbiogenic component of total suspended solids (TSSnd) and colored dissolved organic materials (CDOM) retrieved with RMSE of 0.61 mg m-3, 0.35 g m-3 and 0.02 m-1 respectively. The utility of the approach is finally demonstrated by application to depth profiles of in situ absorption and attenuation data resulting in profiles of optically significant constituents with associated error bar estimates. The advantages of this procedure lie in the simple input requirements, the avoidance of error amplification, full exploitation of the available spectral information from both absorption and attenuation channels, and the reasonably successful retrieval of constituent concentrations in an optically complex shelf sea.
Feasibility of measuring the cosmological constant {Lambda} and mass density {Omega} using Type Ia supernovae

We explore the feasibility of resurrecting the apparent magnitude-redshift relation for a 'standard candle' to measure the cosmological constant and mass density. We show that type Ia supernovae, if measured with 0.15 mag uncertainty out to a redshift of z = 1, may provide a good standard candle or calibrated candle for this purpose. The recent discovery of probable type Ia supernovae in the redshift range z = 0.3 to 0.5 (Perlmutter et al. 1994a, and 1994b) indicates that the flux of optical photons from these events can be measured this accurately. The 7 distant supernovae discovered to date do not by themselves distinguish between different cosmological models, however the further discovery of about 50 type Ia supernovae at redshifts in the range 0.5 < z {approx} 1.0 could strongly constrain the allowed range of these parameters. We estimate that the follow-up photometry necessary for this measurement would be on the order of 20 - 70 hours of time on a lO-meter class telescope at a site with good seeing.
Does illiteracy influence pregnancy complications among women in the slums of greater Mumbai

This paper examines utilization of health services available to the women in the slums on hilly area in Mumbai and also checks whether non utilization of antenatal care (ANC) and having reproductive health problems during pregnancy create complications during child delivery vis-a-vis standard of living index constructed from household amenities, housing quality, drinking water, electricity and toilet facilities. This study uses primary data collected using cluster sampling of a sample size of 346 reproductive women who have given at least one live birth prior to the survey on the education of the study women, antenatal care indicators, antenatal check-ups and reproductive health problems during pregnancy and complications during child delivery among the slum dwellers of Ramabai Nagar was studied. The findings using logistic regression reveal unimaginably low level of utilization of health services by illiterate women in the study area. Besides these, there is evidence that these respondents did not go for ANC and faced reproductive health problems during pregnancy which created problems during child delivery, particularly to illiterate mothers. This paper suggests that awareness is very much required at every stage of ANC particularly to illiterate women with low SLI category in the slums in order to ensure reproductive health during pregnancy.
MN Emerging perspectives on the demonstration as a signature pedagogy in design and technology education

This paper analyses the beliefs of teachers regarding the demonstration as a signature pedagogy in design and technology, where there is a limited body of literature outlining the theory and practice. The demonstration is multifaceted, and effective teachers adopt and adapt a range of skills and values to scaffold learning, including teacher modelling and explaining. The study explores the subjective beliefs of seven practicing teachers through Q Methodology; comparing and analysing the responses of the participants’ subjective beliefs and values, using 62 statements relating to teacher modelling and explaining, developed and refined with teacher educators, and representing the concourse of opinions and perspectives. The sample is purposive, comprised of practicing teachers who are engaged with mentoring trainees in Initial Teacher Education. The findings will represent a snapshot of subjective values of practicing teachers, as part of a discourse on signature pedagogies in design and technology education.
A role for the microtubule +end protein Bik1 (CLIP170) and the Rho1 GTPase in Snc1 traﬀicking

The diversity of microtubule functions is dependent on the status of tubulin C-termini. To address the physiological role of the C-terminal aromatic residue of α -tubulin, a tub1-Glu yeast strain expressing an α -tubulin devoid of its C-terminal amino acid was used to perform a genome-wide-lethality screen. The identified synthetic lethal genes suggested links with endocytosis and related processes. In the tub1-Glu strain, the routing of the v-SNARE Snc1 was strongly impaired, with a loss of its polarized distribution in the bud, and Abp1, an actin patch or endocytic marker, developed comet-tail structures. Snc1 trafficking required dynamic microtubules but not dynein and kinesin motors. Interestingly, deletion of the microtubule plus-end-tracking protein Bik1 (a CLIP170 ortholog), which is preferentially recruited to the C-terminal residue of α -tubulin, similarly resulted in Snc1 trafficking defects. Finally, constitutively active Rho1 rescued both Bik1 localization at the microtubule plus-ends in tub1-Glu strain and a correct Snc1 trafficking in a Bik1-dependent manner . Our results provide the first evidence for a role of microtubule plus-ends in membrane cargo trafficking in yeast, through Rho1-and Bik1-dependent mechanisms, and highlight the importance of the C-terminal α -tubulin amino acid in this process.
Curvelet-based migration preconditioning and scaling

The extremely large size of typical seismic imaging problems has been a major stumbling block for iterative techniques to attain accurate migration amplitudes. These iterative methods are important because they complement theoretical approaches hampered by difficulties controlling problems such as finite-acquisition aperture, source-receiver frequency response, and directivity. To solve these problems, we apply preconditioning, which significantly improves convergence of least-squares migration. We discuss different levels of preconditioning: corrections for the order of the migration operator, corrections for spherical spreading, and position- and reflector-dip-dependent amplitude errors. Although the first two corrections correspond to simple scalings in the Fourier and physical domain, the third correction requires phase-space (space spanned by location and dip) scaling, which we carry out with curvelets. Our combined preconditioner significantly improves the convergence of least-squares wave-equation .