Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of induced anger in patients with antisocial personality disorder

Background Anger is the main deregulated emotion in patients with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). The aim of this study was to examine emotional, cognitive and physiological correlates of anger and compare these between ASPD patients with varying degree of psychopathy (PP) and control groups. Method Assessment of the effect of anger induction on self-reported emotions and schema modes, psychophysiology and implicit reaction-time tasks measuring self-anger and aggressor–swearword associations. Participants (n=147) were patients with DSM-IV antisocial (n=21), borderline (n=45) and cluster C personality disorder (n=46) and non-patient controls (n=35). Results Groups did not differ in self-reported anger. ASPD patients displayed a decrease in heart rate and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and stronger implicit self-anger associations. ASPD patients scoring low on affective PP reported less negative emotions and displayed a greater decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Conclusions ASPD patients did not display a deviant self-reported anger but physiological hyporesponsivity and cognitive hyper-responsivity. This ASPD anger response might reflect a controlled predatory-like fight preparation.
Localization of Kv1.3 Channels in the Immunological Synapse Modulates the Calcium Response to Antigen Stimulation in T Lymphocytes1

The immunological synapse (IS), a highly organized structure that forms at the point of contact between a T cell and an APC, is essential for the proper development of signaling events, including the Ca2+ response. Kv1.3 channels control Ca2+ homeostasis in human T cells and move into the IS upon Ag presentation. However, the process involved in channel accumulation in the IS and the functional implications of this localization are not yet known. Here we define the movement of Kv1.3 into the IS and study whether Kv1.3 localization into the IS influences Ca2+ signaling in Jurkat T cells. Crosslinking of the channel protein with an extracellular Ab limits Kv1.3 mobility and accumulation at the IS. Moreover, Kv1.3 recruitment to the IS does not involve the transport of newly synthesized channels and it does not occur through recycling of membrane channels. Kv1.3 localization in the IS modulates the Ca2+ response. Blockade of Kv1.3 movement into the IS by crosslinking significantly increases the amplitude of the Ca2+ response triggered by anti-CD3/anti-CD28-coated beads, which induce the formation of the IS. On the contrary, the Ca2+ response induced by TCR stimulation without the formation of the IS with soluble anti-CD3/anti-CD28 Abs is unaltered. The results presented herein indicate that, upon Ag presentation, membrane-incorporated Kv1.3 channels move along the plasma membrane to localize in the IS. This localization is important to control the amplitude of the Ca2+ response, and disruption of this process can account for alterations of downstream Ca2+-dependent signaling events.
Why We Need a Noninvasive Diagnostic Test for Minimal to Mild Endometriosis with a High Sensitivity

tion has oft en been criticized, there is currently no better method available. Th e stage of endometriosis is positively correlated with the degree of subfertility, but not or not as clearly with the degree of pelvic pain [4–6] . Surgical excision of endometriosis, even in mild stage disease, is an eff ective treatment for both endometriosis-associated subfertility and pain. Th e spontaneous pregnancy rate following surgery is negatively correlated with the degree of endometriosis [4] . Th e degree of pain relief following surgery is more pronounced in women with mild to severe endometriosis than in women with minimal endometriosis [7–9] . Current medical therapy of endometriosis is based on hormonal suppression and is eff ective for pain but useless for endometriosis-associated subfertility [5] . Since most women with endometriosis are of reproductive age, the active or passive desire to become pregnant later in life is an important issue. Early diagnosis of endometriosis in women who try to conceive should enable gynecologists to detect and excise endometriosis before the disease has progressed to a moderate to severe stage, in order to preserve or improve fertility as much as possible. In the presence of subfertility with a history of cyclic or chronic pelvic pain, combined with a clinical examination that is positive for pain, and an ultrasound positive for ovarian endometriotic cysts or deep endometriotic nodules, the probability of endometriosis is so high Endometriosis is defi ned as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, is associated with a chronic infl ammatory reaction in the pelvis and oft en results in subfertility and pain. Endometriosis occurs mainly in women of reproductive age (16–50 years), is estrogen-sensitive, and has a progressive character in at least 50%, but the rate and risk factors for progression are unpredictable and unknown, respectively. Th e diagnosis of endometriosis can be suspected in women with a history of dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain with or without subfertility, although it is possible that endometriosis is completely asymptomatic. In speculo inspection of cervix and vagina may show a small cervical diameter [1] , lateral cervical displacement [2] and rarely blue discoloration suggestive for cervical or vaginal endometriosis. Clinical abdominal and bimanual pelvic examination, preferably during the menstrual period, may reveal a painful lower abdomen, painful adnexal masses, painful uterosacral ligaments, and painful mobilization of the uterus. Vaginal ultrasound is an adequate diagnostic method to detect ovarian endometriotic cysts and deeply infi ltrative endometriotic noduli, but does not rule out peritoneal endometriosis or endometriosis-associated adhesions. Endometriosis is classifi ed in four stages: minimal, mild, moderate and severe [3] . Although this classifi caPublished online: May 4, 2006
Three Dimensional Assessment of the Palate and Palatal Contoural changes in Orthodontically treated cases using Reverse Engineering 3-D LASER scanner

2. Professor, Department of Orthodontics, J.S. S Dental College and Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka. ABSTRACT Previous studies of the morphologic changes of the maxilla after orthodontic treament have used 2-dimensional methodologies. In the present study, we used a 3dimensional surface laser scanning technique and computerized cast analysis for assessment of palatal contour in saggital, transverse and vertical dimensions. Maxillary pre and post treatment casts were duplicated and scanned using 3-D FARO laser scanner. The following landmarks were identified: Medial points of third palatal rugae ; Point A (Intersection of the midsagittal plane with a line passing over the widest point of incisive papilla); Point B (Intersection of the midsagittal plane with a plane passing through most distal points of the upper first permanent molars); Point C (Cervical aspect of the mesiolingual cusp at the junction of the right permanent first molar tooth and gingival margin) ; Point D (Cervical aspect of the mesiolingual cusp at the junction of the left permanent first molar tooth and gingival margin). Length of the palatemeasured from Point A to Point B; width of the palatemeasured from Point C to Point D; height of the palate-measured from Point C/Point D to the highest point of the palatal vault were evaluated. Cast analysis demonstrated that, palatal contour reacted differently when treated with extraction and non extraction. A significant difference was found in palatal contour treated by extraction in the saggital and transverse dimension. However a significant change was observed in the length and vertical height of the palate when treated without extractions.Intergroup analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in post treatment anteroposterior length of palate between extraction and non extraction cases.
Relationship between diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis and the outcome of treatment

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) TB co-infection is associated with poor glycemic control in DM patients. The dual curse of these two diseases may have an impact on the outcome of treatment. Methods: 72 out of 164 patients above 18 years of age were had Diabetes mellitus and 92 of them were non diabetic. Demographic details, physical and clinical examination, Blood tests for Hb1Ac, chest x rays, and sputum for AFB were done for all the patients. Antitubercular treatment was given for all of them. To the diabetics, in addition to the ATT, anti-diabetic drugs were also given. Follow up was done after 2 and 6 months. Results: The most common age group to be affected was 55-64 years among the diabetic group and 45-54 among the non-diabetic group. Most of the patients with diabetes had an elevated HbA1c levels which was significantly prominent among 35-64 years of age group. Most of the diabetics had 3+ sputum positivity. 54.2% had far advanced severity on chest X-rays. Sputum conversion was seen in 77.7% of the cases among the diabetic patients, 16.7% of these patients had failed treatment and 2 of the persons died during the study period. Conclusions: Screening for DM in patients with TB could improve case detection, early treatment, and prevention of DM complications.
Characterization of molecularly cloned simian-human immunodeficiency viruses causing rapid CD4+ lymphocyte depletion in rhesus monkeys

In vivo passage of a chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-89.6) expressing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) tat, rev, vpu, and env genes generated pathogenic viruses (SHIV-89.6P) inducing rapid CD4+ lymphocyte depletion and AIDS-like illness in rhesus monkeys (K. Reimann, J. T. Li, R. Veazey, M. Halloran, I.-W. Park, G. B. Karlsson, J. Sodroski, and N. L. Letvin, J. Virol. 70:6922-6928, 1996). To characterize the molecular changes responsible for this increase in virulence, infectious proviral clones of SHIV-89.6P isolates were derived. Viruses generated from some of these clones caused a rapid and profound decline of CD4+ lymphocytes in a high percentage of inoculated monkeys. Nucleotide changes potentially responsible for the increased virulence of SHIV-89.6P were limited to the env, tat, or long terminal repeat sequences, with most of the observed changes in env. Nucleotide changes in env altered 12 amino acids in the gp120 and gp41 exterior domains, and a 140-bp deletion in env resulted in the substitution of the carboxyl terminus of the SIVmac gp41 glycoprotein for that of the HIV-1 gp41 glycoprotein. The availability of pathogenic proviral clones should facilitate dissection of the molecular determinants of SHIV-89.6P virulence.
Enjeux éthiques, défis dans les soins de santé et prise de décisions pour les patients souffrant de troubles neurologiques de la conscience

Coma, the vegetative state and the minimally conscious state are classified as “disorders of consciousness”. The common characteristic of these diagnoses is an altered state of consciousness. Technological advances now allow us to keep people afflicted with these diagnoses alive. The very nature of their condition and the type of care available to them has lead to important medical and ethical dilemmas. First, this thesis proposes a literature review of the ethical and social issues related to disorders of consciousness. Certain issues have persisted for years and others have emerged more recently as that relating to the use of neuroimaging. The second part proposes a qualitative study examining the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals dealing with ethical issues in the management of these patients; these aspects are so far poorly documented. We conducted this study using a short questionnaire and semi-directed interviews. The interviews were taped and analyzed using qualitative analysis software Nvivo. Our study showed that our participants experienced a high degree of certainty about the diagnosis, although the latter is often reported as a major challenge in the literature. The prognosis is a critical challenge, including its disclosure to relatives. Finally, the relationship with the family is a key element in the care of patients and it is influenced by multiple factors.
Experimenting with musically motivated convolutional neural networks

A common criticism of deep learning relates to the difficulty in understanding the underlying relationships that the neural networks are learning, thus behaving like a black-box. In this article we explore various architectural choices of relevance for music signals classification tasks in order to start understanding what the chosen networks are learning. We first discuss how convolutional filters with different shapes can fit specific musical concepts and based on that we propose several musically motivated architectures. These architectures are then assessed by measuring the accuracy of the deep learning model in the prediction of various music classes using a known dataset of audio recordings of ballroom music. The classes in this dataset have a strong correlation with tempo, what allows assessing if the proposed architectures are learning frequency and/or time dependencies. Additionally, a black-box model is proposed as a baseline for comparison. With these experiments we have been able to understand what some deep learning based algorithms can learn from a particular set of data.
A New Perspective Concerning Experiments on Semantic Intuitions

Machery, Mallon, Nichols, and Stich [2004; forthcoming] use experimental methods to raise a spectre of doubt about reliance on intuitions in developing theories of reference which are then deployed in philosophical arguments outside the philosophy of language. Machery et al. ran a cross-cultural survey asking Western and East Asian participants about a famous case from the philosophical literature on reference (Kripke's Gödel example). They interpret their results as indicating that there is significant variation in participants' intuitions about semantic reference for that case. We argue that this interpretation is mistaken. We detail a type of ambiguity found in Machery et al.'s probe but not yet noted in the response literature. We argue that this epistemic ambiguity could have affected their results. We do not stop there, however: Rather than rest content with a possibility claim, we ran four studies to test the impact of this ambiguity on participants' responses. We found that this accounts for much of the variation in Machery et al.'s original experiment. We conclude that in the light of our new data, their argument is no longer convincing.
Liver and muscle glycogen in man after glucose and fructose infusion.

The synthesis of liver and muscle glycogen was studied in healthy volunteers given glucose and fructose infusions. In the course of 4 hours 21 to 26 mmol sugar per kg body-weight was given. Before and after the infusion the glycogen content was determined in needle biopsy material from liver and muscle tissue. The mean increases of liver glycogen after fructose and glucose infusions were 274.6 ± 25.87 and 76.2 ± 9.92 mmol glucosyl units per kg wet weight liver tissue, respectively. In muscle tissue the increase of glycogen was of the same magnitude for both sugars, corresponding to 23.0 and 24.4 mmol glucosyl units per kg after fructose and glucose, respectively. A rough estimate concerning the distribution in the body of the sugar loads was also made. For both sugars it was calculated that more than half of the infused amount was stored as glycogen in liver and muscle tissue and less than 10 per cent could have been stored in fat tissue.
The optimal analgesic dose of rofecoxib: Overview of six randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND Rofecoxib, which specifically inhibits cyclooxygenase-2, is indicated for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and for the management of acute pain in adults. The authors present an overview of six placebo-controlled trials designed to evaluate the single-dose analgesic efficacy of a range of doses of rofecoxib in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. METHODS The six studies included doses of rofecoxib ranging from 7.5 to 500 milligrams. Maximal analgesic doses of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, either naproxen sodium (550 mg) or ibuprofen (400 mg), were used as active comparators in each study. Analgesic efficacy was assessed with the use of validated self-administered questionnaires. The primary endpoint in each study was the total pain relief over the eight-hour postdose period. Additional endpoints were used to characterize the onset of analgesia and peak analgesic effect. RESULTS The results of these studies demonstrated that the efficacy of rofecoxib was dose-related, with 50 mg being consistently more effective than placebo for all measures of analgesic efficacy. Moreover, 50 mg was the lowest dose that reproducibly demonstrated an analgesic effect comparable to the effect of maximum single analgesic doses of NSAIDs. CONCLUSION The results of these studies support the recommended dose of 50 mg of rofecoxib once daily for the management of pain. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Rofecoxib, at a dose of 50 mg, is effective in the management of postoperative dental pain.
Individual differences in pure-tone localization.

The range of abilities of 85 subjects in localizing a 1‐kHz pure tone in the horizontal plane is examined. Findings show that there is considerable variability in performance (? =47%, s=13), and that one subject performed at a markedly superior level (85% correct) to other subjects. It is suggested that the duplicity theory of pure‐tone localization is inadequate to explain this superior performance, and other possible explanations are discussed.Subject Classification: [43]65.62.
Assessing energy expenditure in male endurance athletes: validity of the SenseWear Armband.

PURPOSE The correct assessment of energy expenditure (EE) in athletes is important to ensure that dietary energy intake is sufficient. In general, athletes are individuals with especially high levels of total EE (TEE) and exercise-related EE (ExEE). The SenseWear Pro3 Armband (SWA) is a multisensor device for the individual assessment of EE, but data on the validity for higher exercise intensities are missing. The aim of the study was to validate the SWA for the assessment of TEE and ExEE in endurance athletes. METHODS The SWA was worn by 14 male endurance athletes for 7 d during a regular training period, and TEE was measured in parallel with the doubly labeled water method. Two controlled exercise trials (treadmill running=2.4-4.8 m·s, stationary bicycling=140-380 W) were performed, during which indirect calorimetry was used to assess ExEE. RESULTS TEE assessed with the SWA and TEE measured with the doubly labeled water method were significantly correlated (r=0.73, P<0.01), but there were a proportional bias and considerably wide limits of agreement (-1368 to 1238 kcal·d). The error of TEE assessed with the SWA was related to the athletes' individual lactate thresholds (P<0.05). During running and bicycling, ExEE was significantly underestimated for most exercise intensities, and the underestimation increased with exercise intensity (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS According to our results, the SWA does not provide valid results of TEE and ExEE in endurance athletes because of the underestimation of EE at higher exercise intensities. It seems necessary to develop exercise-specific prediction equations to improve EE measurements in athletes.
Modeling Perceived Exertion during Graded Arm Cycling Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury

Purpose RPE may be useful for exercise testing and prescription in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), although the roles of differentiated central and peripheral fatigue during exercise are not clear. We aimed to model differentiated RPE responses during graded arm cycling in individuals with SCI and to describe their relationship to cardiorespiratory outcomes. Methods Thirty-six individuals with SCI (13 paraplegia and 23 tetraplegia) completed a maximal graded arm cycling exercise test to volitional exhaustion (5 W·min−1 paraplegia; 10 W·min−1 tetraplegia). Participants were asked to report central RPE (CRPE) and peripheral RPE (PRPE) every minute using the Borg category ratio (CR10) scale until termination of exercise. Heart rate and breath-by-breath respiratory outcomes were collected throughout the exercise test. Ventilatory threshold (VT) was assessed using the ventilatory equivalents method. Results Cardiorespiratory indices increased linearly during graded arm exercise. By contrast, both CRPE and PRPE responses were best fit to a quadratic model with positively accelerating growth in individuals with paraplegia (P < 0.01) and tetraplegia (P < 0.05). PRPE developed faster than CRPE in individuals with tetraplegia (P < 0.01). Individuals with paraplegia had accelerated CRPE (P < 0.05) and PRPE (P < 0.05) responses compared with tetraplegia, but not when considering only individuals who reached VT. PRPE was higher than CPRE only in the late stages (80%–100% test duration; P < 0.05) in both groups when only considering individuals who reached VT. Conclusions PRPE develops faster than CRPE in individuals with tetraplegia in a nonlinear fashion, despite linear increases in cardiorespiratory responses during graded arm cycling. Although there is promise to use differentiated RPE for exercise testing and prescription within the SCI population, our results indicate that there are differences in how individuals with tetraplegia perceive peripheral versus central exertion.
Evaluation of p53 Nuclear Accumulation in Low- and High-Grade (WHO/ISUP Classification) Transitional Papillary Carcinomas of the Bladder for Tumor Recurrence and Progression

Objectives: To evaluate the association of p53 nuclear accumulation with recurrence and progression in transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder and to examine the distribution of p53 in low-grade and high-grade transitional cell carcinomas according to the World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology classification. Patients and Methods: Nuclear accumulations of p53 were examined in a total of 99 patients with transitional cell carcinoma between May 1995 and October 1999. The mean age was 64 years. There were 94 (95%) men and 5 (5%) women. Following resection, surgical specimens were examined, and p53 accumulation with a 20% cutoff value was accepted as positive staining. Of the 99 patients, 52 (53%) had histologically superficial bladder tumors, and 47 (47%) had invasive tumors. Data concerning grade, stage, number of recurrences, and disease progression were available for each patient. Results: The median follow-up period was 55 months. 60 of the 99 patients (61%) had p53 overexpression. The difference for p53 overexpression between low-grade and high-grade tumors was significant (p < 0.05). In low- and high-grade tumors, there was no significant relationship for recurrence between p53-positive and p53-negative groups. But there was a statistically significant relationship between progression and histological grade of the tumors. p53 had no significant relationship with tumor recurrences (p > 0.05), but its relationship with progression was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We did not find a correlation between tumor recurrence and p53 overexpression, but p53 overexpression has a predictive value in determining tumor progression. High-grade tumors had higher p53-positive values than low-grade tumors. This group of patients should be considered for radical therapies on the basis of other prognostic parameters.