Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Independence or redundancy? Two models of conscious and unconscious influences

L. L. Jacoby, J. P. Toth, and A. P. Yonelinas (1993) assume that conscious and unconscious processes make independent contributions to task performance. As an alternative to the independence model, we suggest that a redundancy model based on the assumption that conscious processes are always associated with correlated unconscious processes can also be used to dissociate the separate influences of these processes. Using data reported by L. L. Jacoby et al., we show that each model leads to different but equally plausible estimates of conscious and unconscious influences, following both variations in attention (i.e., focused vs. divided) and in encoding (i.e., read vs. generate)
Factor Structure of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is one of the most widely used measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms (W. K. Goodman et al., 1989). The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensions underlying the Y-BOCS by performing a confirmatory factor analysis of the scale using responses from a large sample of patients. The results support a 2-factor model of OCD symptoms. The first factor reflected the degree of disturbance caused by OCD symptoms, and the second factor reflected the severity of OCD symptoms.
Logistic regression analysis for confidence level estimates of additive percentage at high service temperatures

ABSTRACT A new method is proposed to consider confidence level in estimating the required percentage of an additive, Styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) or polyphosphoric acid (PPA), to modify a PG 58-22 asphalt binder considering high temperature (HT) performance grade. The Superpave HT performance grading (PG) test was performed on repetitive rolling thin film oven (RTFO) samples to capture the variability in the measurement of the rutting parameter G*/sinδ. For each case of SBS and PPA additives, the logistic regression analysis is used to establish a statistical model that relates additive percentage and service temperature to the confidence level that the rutting parameter of a sample is equal to 2.2 kPa or greater. It is shown that using the integer grades of the Superpave system largely overestimates the required additive percentage when the pavement temperature is far below the next higher grade. The paper suggests an alternative method based on the fitted logistic models, which can offer far less additive when the confidence level is taken a few per cent lower than 100%. It is also shown that performing the test in two laboratories, compared to a single laboratory, yields more significant variation in the measurements. In this case, Superpave grades method cannot ensure the high reliability of estimation when the pavement temperature is very close to the next higher grade, while the suggested method provides estimations at very strong confidence levels.
Increasing the Contribution of GFRP Bars on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Columns with Circular Cross Section

Corrosion of steel in concrete elements is a major issue in concrete structures. In order to overcome this matter, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) reinforcement is being used in concrete members from almost 20 years ago. Although it has been used and developed in recent years, there are still some uncertainties for the application of FRP reinforcement, especially in concrete columns. Most codes such as ACI, CSA, JSCE & etc. neglects the effect of these reinforcements or they do not permit them in compressive concrete elements. In this essay, it has been shown that these rebar can contribute significantly in compressive strength of concrete columns if the column confinement is provided sufficiently. In order to achieve the required confinement to reach a sharp contribution of GFRP longitudinal rebar in concrete columns, the spiral of FRP rebar with small pitches around longitudinal rebar is taken into account. This leads to higher strains of concrete which can result in a higher contribution of FRP longitudinal rebar. Foremost, equations related to the compressive strength of concrete columns considering the influence of spiral confinement will be carried out. Then, a parametric study will be performed, and the effects of pitch, concrete strength, column diameter, the quantity of longitudinal rebar and concrete cover will be investigated.
A multiscale model of protein adsorption on a nanoparticle surface

We present a methodology to quantify the essential interactions at the interface between inorganic solid nanoparticles (NPs) and biological molecules. Our model is based on pre-calculation of the repetitive contributions to the interaction from molecular segments, which allows us to efficiently scan a multitude of molecules and rank them by their adsorption affinity. The interaction between the biomolecular fragments and the nanomaterial are evaluated using a systematic coarse-graining scheme starting from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The NPs are modelled using a two-layer representation, where the outer layer is parameterized at the atomistic level and the core is treated at the continuum level using Lifshitz theory of dispersion forces. We demonstrate that the scheme reproduces the experimentally observed features of the NP protein coronas. To illustrate the use of the methodology, we compute the adsorption energies for human blood plasma proteins on gold NPs of different sizes as well as the preferred orientation of the molecules upon adsorption. The computed energies can be used for predicting the composition of the NP-protein corona for the corresponding material.
A Perspective on Recent Advances in Piezoelectric Chemical Sensors for Environmental Monitoring and Foodstuffs Analysis

This paper provides a selection of the last two decades publications on the development and application of chemical sensors based on piezoelectric quartz resonators for a wide range of analytical tasks. Most of the attention is devoted to an analysis of gas and liquid media and to industrial processes controls utilizing single quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors, bulk acoustic wave (BAW) sensors, and their arrays in e-nose systems. The unique opportunity to estimate several heavy metals in natural and wastewater samples from the output of a QCM sensor array highly sensitive to changes in metal ion activity in water vapor is shown. The high potential of QCM multisensor systems for fast and cost-effective water contamination assessments “in situ” without sample pretreatment is demonstrated.
Non-contact measurements to estimate the elastic properties of rocks under in situ conditions

Laboratory rock physics measurements are important for understanding how the physical properties of rocks control the behaviour of elastic waves propagating in the earth. Traditionally, ultrasonic waves are excited and detected in the laboratory with contacting transducers inside fluid-filled pressure vessels that replicate in situ subsurface confining stress. Instead of transducers, we use laser ultrasonics (LUS) to generate and record ultrasound in rock samples, an entirely non-contact technique. This method offers several advantages over transducer measurements: mechanical coupling issues are avoided, very broadband (30 kHz to 24 MHz) waveforms can be recorded, the small footprint of the laser beams allows a single rock to be densely sampled, and group velocity is always measured. However, LUS has so far been limited to studies at atmospheric pressure, and since the elastic properties of rocks are strongly dependent on confining stress, the advantages of LUS have not yet been realised for realistic rock physics measurements under in situ conditions. We have designed and implemented a methodology to perform non-contact LUS compressional wave measurements under in situ confining stress whereby rock samples are mounted inside a pressure vessel with two optical windows for the source and receiver laser beams. Experimental acquisition and arrival time picking are both automated. To demonstrate the advantages of this technique, we investigated the anisotropy and pressure dependence of four rocks from the Alpine Fault in New Zealand. Due to the dense sampling, we experimentally determined the orientation of transverse isotropy for three protolith samples and showed that transverse isotropy was not a valid assumption for a highly fractured cataclasite sample. Fitting a curve to over 90 independently measured Pwave velocities for each sample significantly improved both the accuracy and precision in the estimates of the elastic constant c13. Although the rocks had similar mineralogy, the observed differences in velocity, anisotropy, attenuation, and pressure dependence were mainly controlled by variations in microcrack density and alignment at shallow crustal pressures. In the future, we intend to improve this methodology to exploit the advantages of noncontact LUS measurements under in situ conditions for a range of rock, ice, and material physics experiments.
Predicting counseling center clients' response to counseling: A 1-year follow-up

A follow-up survey mailed 10 months after termination to 542 clients who received counseling at a university counseling center resulted in 207 (43%) returned surveys. Of the 158 clients who received 1 or more sessions, 32% showed reliable improvement. Of the 106 who began in the dysfunctional range of scores on a computerized intake assessment (CASPER), 31% showed clinically significant (CS) change. Likelihood of CS change depended on the number of sessions received but not in a linear, "more is always better" fashion. Survival analysis indicated that 25% of clients who achieved CS change did so after receiving 8 sessions and that 50% did so after receiving 16 sessions. Likelihood of eventual reliable change within a given number of sessions depended on the precounseling configuration of some CASPER symptom dimensions, with higher Hyperactivated Attachment interpersonal problems associated with fewer sessions needed to achieve reliable change.
Learned resourcefulness in working women who are poor and uninsured

Learned Resourcefulness in Working Women Who are Poor and Uninsured Denise DeMaria Lucas Statement of Problem: Women with limited resources lack basic health coverage. More women than men are poor. The majority of working women remain in low wage, insecure jobs with little prestige and stability, and no benefits. Low wage earners are at the greatest risk for being uninsured. Being the working poor and without medical insurance is a barrier to health care. The purpose of this descriptive, correlational study was to describe the interrelationships between learned resourcefulness (LR), health status, and well-being (WB) in working women who are poor and uninsured. Procedure: A convenience sample of 132 working women who were at least 100% below poverty level, uninsured, and between the ages of 25 and 64 were participants in a study at a free clinic between the weeks of July 27 and August 17, 2009. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, a survey measuring health status with health indicators from the WV Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, the Index of Well-Being measuring WB, and the SelfControl Schedule measuring LR. Results: The sample mean age was 45.11 years with a range between 25 and 65 years. Subjects in this study scored lower on health status indicators than the comparison population from the State of West Virginia. The sample mean of LR of 19.5 compared to the median of 22 indicated the data were skewed to the left. There was a statistically significant (p = .001) positive relationship between learned resourcefulness and well-being. As WB increased LR increased. Learned resourcefulness, education, and the number of persons living in the home together predicted 28% of the variance in WB (R = .276, p = .017). Conclusions: Implications for nursing research were identified and include the need for replication of the study in another sample in a different region to validate current findings. A qualitative study addressing questions on individual tendencies with directed content analysis should be attempted. Concerning practice, the findings encourage advanced practice nurses to consider caring for groups of patients and to teach skills promoting resourcefulness. The social history commonly gathered should change to inquire about aspects of WB that may be impinging LR.
Mechanical properties and residual stresses of 5083 to AM60B dissimilar friction stir welding with different process parameters

Abstract In this paper, friction stir welding process parameters (material position, rotation rate, traverse speed, tool offset) were prepared to study theirs influences on microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stresses of friction stir welded joints of 5083 Al alloy to AM60B cast Mg alloy. Sound friction stir welded joints were obtained with intermediate rotation rate of tool (1000 rpm) and proper traverse speed (50–150 mm/min) when 5083 Al alloy was on advancing side, no tool offset, and the highest tensile strength (170 MPa) of the joints could reach up to 75% of that of the AM60B cast Mg alloy base material. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) consisted of Al3Mg2 and Mg17Al12 were observed in the severe intercalated zone. Fracture which was featured by the cleavage feature always occurred near the joint interface because of the brittle IMCs, which indicated the typical brittle fracture. The residual stresses across the welds were distributed asymmetrically and tensile residual stresses on the advancing side were higher than that on the retreating side due to the higher heat input on the advancing side.
A study of the emotional quotient of nursing managers compared to the outcome of an employee opinion survey

Effective personnel management creates a ripple effect of employee satisfaction or dissatisfaction from the top tiers of leadership through the levels of management, reaching to staff and finally to the client. If staff enjoy their work, colleagues, expectations, experiences and tasks and they have the tools and support needed from their managers and leaders to perform their tasks, they will wish to retain their employment and will also pass on positive attitudes to their clients. The purpose of this study was to determine the Emotional Quotient of a group of nursing managers at Entity X and to compare the results with an Employee Opinion Survey. The Emotional Quotient survey consisted of a nurse manager self evaluation, and a multi-rater evaluation performed by randomly selected direct report nursing staff. Emotional Quotient is a concept which is used to describe the ability of an individual to be aware of their feelings, moods and emotions, and to be able to manage them in a positive way. It also includes the ability to be aware of the feelings and emotions of others, and the ability to provide empathy, and skill in managing relationships and building foundations for rapport and communication. The tool used for the survey categorized the Emotional Quotient Competencies into the following groupings: Self Awareness, Self Management, Social Awareness and Relationship
Children Learning Through Play: Perspectives and Practices of Early Childhood Educators in Singapore Preschools Serving Children Aged Four to Six Years

This research study seeks to explore preschool teachers‟ perspectives about using play as a means to promote children‟s learning in preschool settings serving children aged four to six years. This qualitative research study is guided by four research questions, (1) how do teachers in selected preschools in Singapore define play as a means to learning? (2)What do preschool teachers see as the benefits of play as a means to learning? (3) How do preschool teachers see their roles in promoting learning through play? (4)What do preschool teachers see as obstacles to using play as a means to promote learning? A case study approach, together with an interpretive paradigm is adopted. Eighteen early childhood teachers participated in this research study. Findings of this research study revealed that teachers (a) defined play differently, (b) believed that play was important for children‟s learning and development across key domains (c) performed multi-faceted roles, and (d) encountered obstacles using play as a curricular tool. Based on the findings of this study, implications for the early childhood practices are deliberated and recommendations for future research are also suggested.
The quest for similar instances and simultaneous possibilities : Metaphors in social dilemma research

Since the time ofthe ancient Greeks, metaphors have been revered by scholars in all disciplines for their unsurpassed epistemological value. In this article, the authors review the role of the metaphor in the acquisition of knowledge and advancement of science, with specific emphasis on the ways in which metaphors have informed theory and research in social dilemmas. In highlighting the abundance and variety of social dilemma metaphors, the authors focus on metaphors' role in suggesting fresh theoretical perspectives, novel methodological approaches, and new insights with regard to solutions and practical applications. They suggest promising directions for future research and offer strategies for taking further advantage of the special relationship between metaphors and social dilemmas.
[Neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire (NPI-Q): Spanish validation of an abridged form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)].

BACKGROUND The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) is a validated clinical instrument for the evaluation of psychopathology in dementia. OBJECTIVE To validate a brief questionnaire form of the NPI (NPI-Q) in Spanish from NPI-Q original version, intended for use in routine clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHOD We have developed a crossed validated form between NPI and NPI-Q in 120 Alzheimer's disease patients. RESULTS Test-retest reliability of the NPI-Q, using Pearson correlation index was r = 0.89 for total symptom scale and r = 0.90 for distress scale. The prevalence of analogous symptom ratings differed by less than 6.7%. Convergent validity between NPI-Q and NPI, using Pearson correlation index was r = 0.879 for total symptom and r = 0.92 for distress scale. CONCLUSIONS The NPI-Q Spanish version offers the possibility to use a reliable and brief instrument that can be used as a screening in the evaluation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and associated caregiver distress. It may be suitable for use in general clinical practice and it could be used as a brief neuropsychiatric interview.
Unsaturated soil-cement interface behaviour in direct shear tests

A series of interface direct shear box tests are performed between a compacted completely decomposed granite (CDG) soil and cement grout under different matric suctions and net normal stresses by using a modified direct shear apparatus. Axis-translation technique is applied to control the pore-water and pore-air pressure. The behaviour of shear stress-displacement curves of soil-cement grout interface tests is similar to those of soil-soil direct shear tests. Matric suction and net normal stress have significant influence on the hardening-softening behaviour of soil-cement grout interface. The interface-dilation is also greatly influenced by matric suction and net normal stress. The variation of interface shear strength with respect to net normal stress (failure envelope) for different matric suctions is observed as linear. The apparent angle of interface friction and adhesion intercept increase with matric suction. The compacted CDG soil-cement grout interface behaves as a rough interface. The apparent interface friction angles for different suctions are nearly equal to the apparent friction angles of CDG soil under the same suctions. However, the apparent adhesion values are higher than the apparent cohesion values of CDG soil in lower suction range, but are lower in higher suction range. The variation of interface shear strength with matric suction (suction envelope) is nonlinear and b δ value decreases with increase in matric suction.
Structure and optical properties of nano Nix Cd1-x Fe2O4 doped with optical dyes

NixCd1−xFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) nanoferrite powder were synthesized using flash auto combustion method. The studied powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which was used to determine the structural properties. The effect of addition dyes (perylene dye and thiophene dye) on the optical properties of Nickel Cadmium ferrite has been investigated. The optical study UV-Visible is used to calculate the band gap energies. From Tauc’s plot, it can be seen that the band gap energy of the samples is decreasing with increase in nickel content for both dyes, indicating the enhancement of the optical of ferrite.
Low back pain: a radiographic enigma.

: Ninety-nine anteroposterior and lateral lumbar radiographs taken of males ages 18-55 were independently analyzed by three chiropractors who assessed 56 variables, including determinations of disc space height, vertebral malalignments and subluxations, spondylosis, postural disturbances, relationships between pelvis and spine, and other congenital or acquired abnormalities. The distribution of low back complaints in this study included 31% with no low back pain, 44% with previous or present mild low back pain and 24% with previous or current severe, and often disabling, low back pain. Determinations were made of interobserver reliability between the three chiropractors and a medical radiologist. Of the 56 radiographic variables assessed by the chiropractors, six demonstrated a high interobserver reliability. In general, the best reliability was for variables that were actual measurements, rather than subjective observations. Sixteen additional variables demonstrated a fair interobserver reliability. Comparison of the observations between a radiologist and the chiropractors showed correlations in their assessments of disc space height at L3-4 and L4-5; otherwise, there was poor interobserver reliability. Few of the radiographic variables were found to be reliable predictors of present or prior history of low back and leg complaints. A few variables (most notably disc space narrowing) were statistically associated with back or leg complaints (P = 0.025). We conclude that spinal radiographs, whether analyzed by measurements, by a radiologist or by chiropractors, have minimal value in predicting the presence or absence of low back complaints and, in particular, have no value in epidemiological studies.
Effect of grain-size distribution on hydraulic anisotropy of unsaturated soils

As slope failures induced by rainfall are universal problems, especially in areas covered by residual soils, slope preventive system is necessary to avoid casualties. One effectively-proven alternative method is capillary barrier system (CBS) which utilizes the principles of unsaturated soil mechanics to minimize rainwater infiltration into soil layer. Previous studies indicated that the efficiency of CBS could be enhanced further by incorporating different hydraulic conductivities in two different directions. This study investigated hydraulic anisotropy by using two different types of soil layering, horizontal-layering (HL) and vertical-layering (VL), with two main soil compositions such as sandy silt and silty sand. The hydraulic anisotropy ratio observed in this study was then correlated with various soil properties, such as percentages of fines, dry density, plastic limit and liquid limit in order to find the relationship between hydraulic anisotropy ratio and soil properties. This study showed that percentages of fines and dry density of soils exhibit non-linear relationship with hydraulic anisotropy ratio, while plastic limit and liquid limit of soils exhibit linear relationship with hydraulic anisotropy ratio.