Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fracture Strength and Stress Distribution in Premolars Restored with Cast Post-and-Cores or Glass-Fiber Posts Considering the Influence of Ferule

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ferule and the post type on the fracture strength and stress distribution in premolars. Materials and Methods Forty human mandibular premolars were decoronated, allocated in four groups, and restored as follows: CPC-NF: cast post-and-core and absence of ferule; CPC-F: cast post-and-core and presence of ferule; FPC-NF: glass-fiber posts and absence of ferule; FPC-F: glass-fiber posts and presence of ferule. The fracture strength (FS) and failure patterns were evaluated. Finite element analysis (FEA) evaluated the stress distribution. Results FS did not differ between CPCs and FPC either in presence or in absence of ferule. The presence of ferule increased FS with both post types. Mean values of FS for ferule groups were higher than functional or parafunctional loads reported in literature, which was not the case for FPC-NF when compared to parafunctional loads. FEA with a functional load showed slightly higher compressive stresses in dentin in the group CPC-NF, which was much lower than the compressive strength of dentin. Lower percentage of catastrophic failures was observed in nonferule groups irrespective of post type, which was explained by the stress concentration in the cervical root region when FEA with the FS load was simulated. Conclusion Ferule effect was shown to be more important than post type in the analysis. Both posts showed potential to withstand functional loads irrespective of presence of ferule. However, the mean FS was lower than parafunctional loads for FPC in the absence of ferule.
Outcomes of Arthroscopic Posterior Shoulder Stabilization in the Beach-Chair Versus Lateral Decubitus Position: A Systematic Review

Background: Arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization can be performed with patients in the beach-chair (BC) and the lateral decubitus (LD) positions; however, the impact of patient positioning on clinical outcomes has not been evaluated. Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes and recurrence rates after arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization performed in the BC and LD positions. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies reporting the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization in either the BC or LD position. All English-language studies from 1990 to 2017 reporting clinical outcomes after arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization with a minimum 2-year follow-up were reviewed by 2 independent reviewers. Data on the recurrent instability rate, return to activity or sport, range of motion, and patient-reported outcome scores were collected. Study methodological quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS) and Quality Appraisal Tool (QAT). Results: A total of 15 studies (11 LD, 4 BC) with 731 shoulders met the inclusion criteria, including 626 shoulders in the LD position (mean patient age, 23.9 ± 4.1 years; mean follow-up, 37.5 ± 10.0 months) and 105 shoulders in the BC position (mean patient age, 27.8 ± 2.2 years; mean follow-up, 37.9 ± 16.6 months). There was no significant difference in the overall mean recurrent instability rate between the LD and BC groups (4.9% ± 3.6% vs 4.4% ± 5.1%, respectively; P = .83), with similar results in a subanalysis of studies utilizing only suture anchor fixation (4.9% ± 3.6% vs 3.2% ± 5.6%, respectively; P = .54). There was no significant difference in the return-to-sport rate between the BC and LD groups (96.2% ± 5.4% vs 88.6% ± 9.1%, respectively; P = .30). Range of motion and other patient-reported outcome scores were not provided consistently across studies to allow for statistical comparisons. Conclusion: Low rates of recurrent shoulder instability and high rates of return to sport can be achieved after arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization in either the LD or the BC position. Additional long-term randomized trials comparing these positions are needed to better understand the potential advantages and disadvantages of surgical positioning for posterior shoulder stabilization.
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and its tissue inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2) in pancreatic cancer (PC)

Objectives The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer (PC) is similar to mortality rate, thus searching specific tumor biomarkers of PC is sorely needed. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and the imbalance between MMP-2 and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) play a critical role in tumor progression. We aim to assess the diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 as potential biomarkers in comparison to well-established tumor markers of PC (CA 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen). Results We indicated the significant differences between serum TIMP-2 concentrations in PC patients, CP individuals and control group. The diagnostic sensitivity of TIMP-2 was the highest among all proteins tested and increased up to 96% in combined measurement with MMP-2. The area under ROC curve (AUC) for TIMP-2 was larger than for MMP-2, but lower than for classical tumor markers. Methods Presented study comprised on 226 subjects, including 92 PC patients, 43 chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients and 91 healthy volunteers. The serum concentrations of these proteins were measured using immunological methods. Conclusions Presented findings suggest higher usefulness of TIMP-2 than MMP-2 as potential biomarker in the diagnosis of PC patients, however more studies on large population are needed to support our results.
Different Expressions of Specific Transcription Factors of Th1 (T-bet) and Th2 cells (GATA-3) by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder caused by self-reactive Th1 lymphocytes, while Th2 cells may confer protection. The Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation are regulated by specific transcription factors, especially T-bet and GATA-3, respectively. This investigation aimed to measure the T-bet and GATA-3 expression by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) obtained from MS patients after specific and non-specific in vitro stimulation. Methods: The PBMCs were separated from 22 patients with MS and 20 healthy individuals. They were cultured at 37°C for 24 h in the absence of a stimulator or in the presence of Myelin oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) or Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Then the T-bet and GATA-3 expression was measured by real time-PCR. Results: The T-bet expression was enhanced, while the GATA-3 expression diminished. Therefore the expression of T-bet/GATA-3 ratio diminished in not-stimulated, MOG-stimulated and PHA-stimulated PBMCs from MS patients compared with equal cultures from the healthy individuals (P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.01, for T-bet; P<0.03, P<0.01 and P<0.02, for GATA-3; P<0.01, P<0.001 and P<0.01 for T-bet/GATA-3 ratio, respectively). The not-stimulated, MOG-stimulated, and PHA-stimulated PBMCs from men with MS expressed higher amounts of GATA-3 than equal cells from MS women (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: These results probably indicate an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cells in the level of transcription factors with a tendency toward Th1 cells in MS. The clinical utilization of the transcription factors as novel biomarkers of MS should be evaluated in further studies.
Damages with High Consequences: Analysis of Perforations in Surgical Latex Operation Gloves from Orthopedic Surgeries

Introduction To prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) during operation, the use of sterile surgical latex gloves is common. The aim of this study was to examine the damage of the gloves in surgeries with different mechanical stress and the influence on the kind of damages. Gloves were collected during primary arthroplasty, revision arthroplasty (hip and knee), and arthroscopy (shoulder, hip, and knee). Materials and methods Surgical latex operation gloves were collected from surgeons after the operation and were tested with watertightness test (ISO EN 455-1:2000). Results A total of 1460 surgical gloves were retrieved from 305 elective operations. On average, 15.9% of the gloves showed postoperative lesions, with the highest incidence occurring in revision arthroplasty with 25%. In primary and revision arthroplasty, the index finger of the dominant hand was most frequently affected (62.7% and 58.6%); in contrast, gloves from arthroscopies had most lesions on thumb and middle finger (42.9% each). Tear and perforation size differed from ≤1 mm to >5 mm, and primary and revision arthroplasty showed bigger damages. Conclusions Surgical gloves have a high malfunction, which increases with growing mechanical stress. A high rate of perforation occurred mostly in revision arthroplasty. Breaching the integrity of the gloves, especially by high mechanical loads, could lead to an increased rate of infection.
Debonding mechanism of zirconia and lithium disilicate resin cemented to dentin

Abstract To evaluate debonding mechanism of zirconia and lithium disilicate cemented to dentin mimicking what could occur in a clinical setting. A null hypothesis of no difference in tensile bond strength between groups of zirconia and lithium disilicate cemented with resin cements was also tested. Zirconia rods (n = 100) were randomly assigned to two different surface treatment groups; air borne particle abrasion and hot etching by potassium hydrogen difluoride (KHF2). Lithium disilicate rods (n = 50) were surface etched by hydrofluoric acid (HF). Five different dual cure resin cements were used for cementing rods to bovine dentin. Ten rods of each test group were cemented with each cement. Test specimens were thermocycled before tensile bond strength testing. Fracture morphology was visualized by light microscope. Mean surface roughness (Sa value) was calculated for randomly selected rods. Cohesive fracture in cement was the most frequent observed fracture morphology. Combination of adhesive and cohesive fractures were second most common. Fracture characterized as an adhesive between rod and cement was not observed for KHF2 etched zirconia. Highest mean tensile bond strength was observed when cementing air borne particle abraded zirconia with Variolink Esthetic (Ivoclar Vivadent). All surface treatments resulted in Sa values that were significant different from each other. The number of cohesive cement fractures observed suggested that the cement was the weakest link in bonding of zirconia and lithium disilicate.
Small molecule targeted NIR dye conjugate for imaging LHRH receptor positive cancers

Overexpression of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Receptor (LHRH-R) in various cancers and restricted expression of the receptor in healthy cells qualifies it as a valuable cancer biomarker. Previously, LHRH-R targeted peptides have been utilized to deliver attached payloads to LHRH-R expressing cancers. We report here for the first time the utilization of a small molecule non-peptidic ligand (BOEPL) of LHRH-R to deliver attached payloads to LHRH-R positive tumors. For this purpose, we linked the BOEPL ligand to a near infrared dye via various linkers. In vitro, these conjugates demonstrated low nanomolar binding affinity and in vivo they exhibited receptor-mediated uptake specifically in tumor tissue. Moreover, tumor uptake could be blocked by administration of excess unlabeled conjugate, and time course experiments showed retention of the dye conjugate in the tumor up to 12 h post injection. Because uptake of BOEPL-targeted NIR dye conjugates by nonmalignant organs/tissues was negligible and since the transient presence of targeted NIR dye in the kidneys was a result of clearance mechanism, we suggest that a BOEPL-targeted NIR dye might constitute a useful agent for fluorescence-guided surgery of LHRH-R positive cancers. Moreover, our results also provide proof of concept that BOEPL can be successfully used to deliver attached payloads to LHRH-R positive tumors in vivo.
Appraisal of Prognostic Interaction between Sidedness and Mucinous Histology in Colon Cancer: A Population-Based Study Using Inverse Probability Propensity Score Weighting

Introduction: Colon cancer with different sidedness (right vs. left) and histology (mucinous vs. non-mucinous) may represent different disease entities. We investigated whether the prognostic values of sidedness and histology differed according to each other. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 81342 patients with stage II-IV colon cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2012. Patients were divided into four subgroups on the basis of sidedness and histology: non-mucinous right-sided, non-mucinous left-sided, mucinous right-sided, and mucinous left-sided subgroups. Among each tumor stage, median overall survival (mOS) was compared between these subgroups after inverse probability propensity score weighting to handle confounding factors. Results: In the stage IV subgroup, the prognosis for non-mucinous left-sided tumors (weighted mOS, 24.5 months) was significantly better than that for non-mucinous right-sided tumors (weighted mOS, 16.5 months; P<0.001) and that for mucinous left-sided tumors (weighted mOS, 16.5 months; P<0.001), whereas the survival was similar between left-sided and right-sided tumors with the mucinous subtype (weighted mOS, 16.5 months for both; P=0.570; test for interaction between sidedness and histology, Pinteraction<0.001), and between mucinous and non-mucinous tumors in the right-sided colon (weighted mOS, 16.5 months for both; P=0.207). Similar findings were detected in the stage III subgroup (Pinteraction<0.001). In the stage II subgroup, the survival was comparable among the four sidedness-histology subgroups (P=0.159 and Pinteraction=0.466). Conclusions: In stage III/IV colon cancer, the prognostic value of sidedness differed according to histology, and vice versa. By contrast, neither should be considered in risk stratification for stage II colon cancer.
Cognitive Process in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study

Introduction: In recent studies, deficit in cognitive process has been investigated as one of the etiological hypotheses in a wide range of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This research aimed to compare cognitive process in patients with OCD and healthy groups. Methods: In the current cross-sectional analytic study, 43 patients with OCD and 43 healthy individuals matched with gender, age, educational and marital status were selected by convenience sampling method and assessed by Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The obtained data were analyzed with Chi-square, Independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation in SPSS version16. Results: There was no difference between the patients with OCD and the healthy group in demographic characteristics (P>0.05). There was a significant differences between two group on the all subscale of WCST test and PASAT3, PASAT2 tests (P<0.01). These findings indicate that the OCD patient’s performance in cognitive process was significantly worse than the healthy controls. Conclusion: The findings indicate that individuals with OCD suffer from a deficiency in various aspects of cognitive processes. Therefore, paying attention to these deficiencies can make an important contribution to the treatment of these patients.
On the augmentation topology of automorphism groups of affine spaces and algebras

We study topological properties of Ind-groups [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of automorphisms of polynomial and free associative algebras via Ind-schemes, toric varieties, approximations, and singularities. We obtain a number of properties of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the polynomial or free associative algebra over the base field [Formula: see text]. We prove that all Ind-scheme automorphisms of [Formula: see text] are inner for [Formula: see text], and all Ind-scheme automorphisms of [Formula: see text] are semi-inner. As an application, we prove that [Formula: see text] cannot be embedded into [Formula: see text] by the natural abelianization. In other words, the Automorphism Group Lifting Problem has a negative solution. We explore close connection between the above results and the Jacobian conjecture, as well as the Kanel-Belov–Kontsevich conjecture, and formulate the Jacobian conjecture for fields of any characteristic. We make use of results of Bodnarchuk and Rips, and we also consider automorphisms of tame groups preserving the origin and obtain a modification of said results in the tame setting.
Self-immolation in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-immolation epidemiology and characteristics in Iran. Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis study. PubMed, Scopus, Web of science and Science Direct were searched for English literature and SID and Magiran for Persian in the time period of 2000 to 2016. The retrieved studies were screened and reviewed then quality assessed. Random Effect model was applied for meta-analysis. The qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis method. Results: After literature screening, 39 studies included in the analysis. Women were subject to self-immolation more than men. The rate of self-immolation estimated to be 4.5 cases in every 100,000 populations and it was the reason of 16% of hospitalized burns. The average length of hospital stay calculated to be 12.24 (95% CI: 8.85-15.59) days. The total burnt surface area was 65.3% (95% CI: 56.71-73.89). Death due to self-immolation was 62.1%. The major risk factors of self-immolation were having mental health issues, family problems and characteristics and problems in relation/communication with spouses. Conclusion: Despite the low rate of self-immolation in Iran, it comprises one sixth of the hospitalized burns. The mortality rate of self-immolation also is high and this highlights the importance of providing special care. Psychological consultations and mental health screening in the primary health care would help to prevent the self-immolation.
Systemic inflammation score predicts survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma undergoing curative resection

Inflammation has a critical role in the development and progression of cancers. We developed a novel systemic inflammation score (SIS) based on lymphocyte, monocyte, and CA19-9 and explored its prognostic value in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). From January 2005 to December 2011, 322 consecutive ICC patients who underwent curative resection in our center were included in this study, and validated in a retrospective study of 126 patients enrolled from 2012 to 2014. Clinicopathological variables including preoperative serum CA19-9 and LMR were analyzed. The cutoff values of CA19-9 and LMR were determined based on receiver operating characteristics curve analysis in the primary cohort. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox-regression analyses were calculated for time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS). In univariate analysis of all patients, all three inflammatory and tumor marker including NLR ≥ 2.49 (P<0.001), LMR ≤ 4.45 (P=0.002), and CA19-9≥89 (P<0.001) were associated with poor prognoses. When omitting SIS in multivariate analysis, preoperative LMR (P =0.006) and serum CA19-9 (P<0.001) were independent predictors of OS. In addition, elevated CA19-9 (P=0.001), multiple tumors (P<0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) were significant predictors of worse recurrence free survival. Moreover, high SIS was significantly associated with aggressive tumor behaviours including large tumor size (P<0.001), multiple tumors (P=0.033), lymphonodus node metastasis (P=0.001), and high TNM stage (P<0.0001). Finally, univariate and multivariate analyses revealed the SIS was an independent predictor for TTR (HR=2.077, 95% CI, 1.365-3.162, P=0.001) and OS (HR=3.133 95% CI, 2.058-4.769, P<0.001). These results were further confirmed in the validation cohort. In conclusions, our findings demonstrate that the SIS as a potentially powerful prognostic biomarker in ICC that predicts poor clinical outcomes and is a promising tool for ICC treatment strategy decisions.
Glycemic Control in Children and Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia

Objective: To determine the glycemic control and cardio-metabolic complications of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) attending a tertiary care diabetes clinic in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of children and adolescents with T1DM attending King Abdulaziz Medical City-Jeddah from 2010 to 2013. We assessed their glycemic control and diabetes management. Vitamin D status was compared with glycemic control and gender differences. Results: We identified 301 subjects (53.5% females); mean age was 13.9 ± 3.8 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 7.7 ± 3.7 years, body mass index (BMI) was 21.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 9.6% ± 1.9% in both genders. There were modest gender-specific differences in Saudi patients with T1DM, with males having more symptoms than females. Mean age at diagnosis of T1DM was slightly younger in males (6.01 ± 3.65 years) than in females (6.33 ± 3.45 years). Education was the most common reason for admission in males (32.9%), whereas diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was the most common reason in females (38.8%). Frequency of symptomatic hypoglycemic attacks was relatively higher in males (47.1%) than in females (42.9%). The majority of our patients (83%) were on intensive insulin regimen, having 4 injections or more per day. The remaining (17%) were on conventional insulin therapy. Only 26.2% had satisfactory HbA1c (⩽8%). The mean level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 35.15 ± 15.9 nmol/L and cholesterol was 4.75 ± 1.1 nmol/L. Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D ⩽ 37.5 nmol/L) was detected in 63.6% males and 67.7% females. No significant correlation between HbA1c and vitamin D deficiency was observed. Conclusions: Metabolic control among Saudi children with T1DM is less satisfactory compared with other countries. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this population supports the recommendation of vitamin D supplementation in T1DM subjects. Further studies in a larger cohort are needed to confirm our findings.