Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and yield components of tomato as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer applications in different growing seasons

Tomato is an important cash crop in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. However, the yield is constrained by poor soil fertility management and lack of appropriate/adequate fertilizers rates recommendation. Experiments were conducted at Melkassa on station with the objectives of evaluating effect of N and P fertilizer applications on growth and yield, and determining optimal requirements for tomato. The experiments were conducted under both cool season furrow irrigated and rain-fed conditions with variable fertility status of the fields. The treatments consisted of four rates of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha -1 ) and four rates of P (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg ha -1 ). The experiments were laid out in a CRBD in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times using Melkashola variety. Data on growth and canopy characteristics such as plant height and stem diameter, main lateral branch length, canopy width and depth were measured from selected plants. Some of the growth and yield components such plant height, canopy diameter, canopy width, stem diameter, lateral branch length, total dry mass above the ground per plot, shoot fresh and dry weight, marketable and unmarketable fruit yield and total yield at harvest were measured were assessed. Maximum fruit yield was estimated from regression lines of applying 105 kg N ha -1 and 85 kg P ha -1 under furrow irrigated experiment (continuously cultivated field). However, the highest fruit yield was from application of 40 kg N ha -1 and 10 kg ha -1 for the rainfed experiment (relatively fertile field). Thus, results of both experiments were averaged to propose on farm verification of N and P requirement of tomato, N 73 kg ha -1 and P 48 kg ha -1 around Melkassa and similar soil types. Keywords: furrow irrigated, rain-fed, season, tomato, inorganic N and P fertilizer
Deliberative democracy and co-management of natural resources : snowmobile regulation in western Sweden

Deliberation is an understudied aspect of co-management institutions and common pool theory that can be improved by a closer connection to deliberative democratic theory. Analyses of co-management arrangements provide needed empirical insights to deliberative democratic theory, although such arrangements are group-based and not readily accepted as examples of deliberative democracy. A framework is developed to analyze to what degree co-management arrangements incorporate deliberative elements and how they contribute to improved decision-making. To test its usefulness, a case study of a co-management process in Sweden is analyzed. In Funäsdalsfjällen, a mountainous area of western Sweden, a conflict-ridden situation caused by expanded use of snowmobiles eventually led to the establishment of a municipal regulation area. Central and regional authorities initially failed to resolve the conflict, but when the municipality started working directly with relevant interest groups, agreement was reached. Deliberative elements are shown to have been central to the success of the co-management process, and it is concluded that co-management and deliberative democratic approaches cross-fertilize one another.
Genetic Diversity of pear (Pyrus spp) Germplasm Assessed by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Morphological Traits

This study was conducted to identify and recognize relations and diversity among accessions of the Iranianpears (Pyrus spp). A total of 34 pear accessions, derived presumably from at least six species, were subjected to simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis. The Japanese and the Chinese pear samples were; “Housui” and “Yali” cultivars, example of Pyrus pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri, respectively. Some European pears and Iranian germplasm were analyzed. Seven SSR markers (KU10, BGA35, BGT23b, NH011b, NH013a, NH004a and NH015a) were used for the analysis. One hundred six visible amplified fragments (putative alleles) acquired for 34 pear samples NH011b and NH015a loci exhibited high heterozygosities of 0.82 and 0.79, respectively. BGA35 produced eight putative alleles, while NH013a created 22 putative alleles. The average value of allele per locus was 15. A phenogram was constructed based on the similarity-matrix data using the unweighted pair-group and arithmetic average methods. There was no association between the SSR and morphological phenograms. This work revealed relatedness of Iranian pear samples to the four species of P. communis, P. syriaca, P. salicifolia, and P. glabra.
Altruism and empathy in situations involving unpredictable personal cost

This current study aimed to investigate the infl uence of empathic feelings on a risky altruistic behavior of young adults. 60 undergraduate students, aged between 18 and 35 years old took part in an experiment in which they had to decide in rather to give or not raffl e tickets to an unfamiliar person, after participating of a gambling game. The tickets were gained after a memory quiz. 30 participants were allocated to an experimental condition named “neutral” in which they freely took their distributive decisions, and the other 30 were allocated to an “emotional” condition, in which empathic feelings were induced, by using a video. Results indicated that the participants’ sex and the experimental manipulation infl uenced gambling behavior, allowing the participants to be in the “emotional condition”, more prone to altruistic behavior than the participants in the “neutral” condition. Also, the men helped more in a high-cost condition than the women did. These results point that the infl uence of empathic concern on altruistic behavior in a situation involving risks might be mediated by the sex and the relation between these variables should be better observed in studies on distributive behavior.
The Configurational Approach to Linking Strategic Human Resource Management Bundles with Business Performance: Myth or Reality?

Strategic human resource management has been linked to competitive advantage and in turn to organizational performance. This linkage has been viewed from a universal, a contextual or a configurational perspective. Adopting the latter perspective, the authors of the present study investigate the possible Strategic HRM Bundles of competitive advantage within the EU and the extent to which these bundles are linked to business performance. The exploration revealed fifteen bundles: six of which have a positive and one has a negative relation to performance. These results raise theoretical as well as practical implications about the extent to which HRM is viewed strategically within the EU business context.
Services Liberalization and Export Quality: Evidence from China

Using firm-level export data from China, this paper empirically examines the effect of domestic liberalization of services on exporting firms’ quality upgrading. We examine a number of other trade policies, including: tariffs in export destination countries; and inputand output-tariffs in China. Following China’s accession to the World Trade Organization in December 2001, these trade policies changed substantially during our sample period of 2000 2006. Our findings suggest that, of all the policies, reduced input tariffs contributed the most to raising export product quality. Easing of services’ restrictiveness also resulted in improved export product quality, but mainly for foreign owned enterprises.
Post-harvest application of lytic bacteriophages for biocontrol of food- borne pathogens and spoilage bacteria Post-harvest Anwendung von lytischen Bakteriophagen zur Bekämpfung lebensmittelassoziierter Zoonoseerreger und Verderbniserreger

2 Summary Bacteriophages are a promising tool to combat pathogenic bacteria along the food chain. In this review we give a comprehensive overview about studies that have been carried out to appraise the potential of phages to reduce the number of foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria in food products. The published data demonstrate that phages are generally suited for such applications, albeit high numbers of phages had to be applied in most experiments. The level of attainable reduction largely depended on the food matrix and the physiochemi- cal conditions. However, microbial reductions of more than two orders of magni- tude have been achieved in many studies. This review summarizes a vast quantity of papers describing the reduction of pathogens on food products by phages and demonstrates where phage applica- tions are more or less promising. Based on these data we discuss the merits and drawbacks of post-harvest applications of phages.
Portfolio diversification and model uncertainty: A robust dynamic mean‐variance approach

This paper focuses on a dynamic multi‐asset mean‐variance portfolio selection problem under model uncertainty. We develop a continuous time framework for taking into account ambiguity aversion about both expected return rates and correlation matrix of the assets, and for studying the join effects on portfolio diversification. The dynamic setting allows us to consider time varying ambiguity sets, which include the cases where the drift and correlation are estimated on a rolling window of historical data or when the investor takes into account learning on the ambiguity. In this context, we prove a general separation principle for the associated robust control problem, which allows us to reduce the determination of the optimal dynamic strategy to the parametric computation of the minimal risk premium function. Our results provide a justification for under‐diversification, as documented in empirical studies and in the static models. Furthermore, we explicitly quantify the degree of under‐diversification in terms of correlation bounds and Sharpe ratios proximities, and emphasize the different features induced by drift and correlation ambiguity. In particular, we show that an investor with a poor confidence in the expected return estimation does not hold any risky asset, and on the other hand, trades only one risky asset when the level of ambiguity on correlation matrix is large. We also provide a complete picture of the diversification for the optimal robust portfolio in the three‐asset case.
On-farm Assessments of Pasture Rejuvenation Methods on Soil Quality Indicators in Northern Alberta (Canada)

The study was aimed at providing livestock producers with options on practical methods to improve soil quality of pastures for improved forage production and livestock carrying capacity. The study was carried out on-farm from 2015 to 2017 at two sites in northern Alberta, Canada. The methods of rejuvenation (treatments) evaluated were: sub-soiling, break & re-seed (pasture renewal), a combination of manure application plus subsoiling, pasture rest, inorganic fertilizer application, high stock density grazing and bale grazing. A check/control treatment was included for comparison. For break & re-seed, the forage mixture seeded ( 16.8 kg ha -1 ) consisted of 60% grasses and 40% legumes. Overall, b ale grazing improved soil organic matter (SOM) by up to 3.80% over other methods including check. I n terms of soil compaction penetration resistance, water infiltration rate, water content and nutrients particularly N, P and K, bale grazing system as a method of rejuvenating old pastures significantly showed higher values than check at both sites. Without having to break and re-seed old pastures, the first option that livestock producers would have success with in improving soil quality for better pasture productivity would be bale grazing. The next two methods or rejuvenation strategies with great potential for improving soil conditions for pastures would be a combination of manure application plus subsoil in fall and high stock density grazing.
Modeling trabecular microstructure evolution via genetic algorithm

Connecting structure to properties, and optimizing properties by controlling structure is one of the fundamental goals of materials science and engineering. No where is this connection more apparent than with biomaterials, whose unparalleled properties are the result of the evolution via cumulative selection of highly specialized structures. Beyond biomaterials, cumulative selection o↵ers a generalizable model for materials optimization via accumulative of beneficial mutations in a material’s genome that improve the properties for a given function. A genetic algorithm is one method for applying the principals of cumulative selection to material’s optimization. One of unique property that cumulative selection generated was the ability of trabecular bone to optimize and adjust its structure in vivo in response to changes in its loading conditions. This work presents a model for trabecular microstructure evolution using a genetic algorithm, the same mechanism through which that ability evolved. The algorithm begins by translating a trabecular genome into a developed structure. It then simulates the structure’s response under an applied load and selects for the genome which translates into the best structure. The selected genome is then replicated and mutated. Simulations of microstructure evolution consist of iterating through this process across multiple generations. A series of simulations was conducted demonstrating the ability of the algorithm to improve trabecular architecture. The systems tended to converge to a uniform stress distribution, after which additional generations of evolution had no e↵ect on performance. During the simulations it was found that the length of the computation was most sensitive to the number of o↵spring per generation. Although focused on trabecular microstructure, this work establishes the use of a genetic algorithm as a general tool for material’s optimization. Thesis Supervisor: W. Craig Carter Title: Professor of Materials Science and Engineering
ELEMENTARY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY IN MATHEMATICS

Self-efficacy (SE) is related to someone’s belief influencing their success, including success in teaching mathematics for elementary pre-service teachers. This research aimed to analyse: 1) the self-efficacy difference between high-levelled students and moderate-levelled students; 2) the correlation of self-efficacy indicators; 3) correlation of self-efficacy statements, and 4) pattern interpretation of significant correlation tendency between each self-efficacy statement on elementary pre-service teachers. The subjects of this research were the senior students of Primary Education Department in one of private universities in Bandung. The self-efficacy data were obtained from 149 students. The correlation and mean difference test analysis were done with the support of SPSS. The result showed that the self-efficacy of high-levelled students was better than the self-efficacy of medium-levelled students, there was positive significant correlation either for each self-efficacy indicator or self-efficacy statement. From the correlation, there was a meaningful pattern for self-efficacy of elementary pre-service teachers.
Are brands forever? How brand knowledge and relationships affect current and future purchases

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive model that combines brand knowledge and brand relationship perspectives on brands and shows how knowledge and relationships affect current and future purchases.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses structural equation modeling to test the significance of the overall model and the specified paths.Findings – It is found that current purchases are affected by brand image mostly directly and by brand awareness mostly indirectly. In contrast, future purchases are not affected by either dimension of brand knowledge directly; rather, brand knowledge affects future purchases via a brand relationship path that includes brand satisfaction, brand trust, and attachment to the brand. Thus, brand knowledge alone is not sufficient for building strong brands in the long term; brand relationship factors must be considered as well.Research implications/limitations – The present study did not examine feedback effects and included consumer categories on.
THE SURPRISING ABSENCE OF ABSORPTION IN THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM OF Mrk 231

Mrk 231, the nearest (z = 0.0422) quasar, hosts both a galactic-scale wind and a nuclear-scale iron low-ionization broad absorption line (FeLoBAL) outflow. We recently obtained a far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectrum of this object covering ∼1150–1470 Å with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. This spectrum is highly peculiar, highlighted by the presence of faint (≲2% of predictions based on Hα), broad (≳10,000 km s−1 at the base), and highly blueshifted (centroid at ∼ −3500 km s−1) Lyα emission. The FUV continuum emission is slightly declining at shorter wavelengths (consistent with Fλ∝λ1.7) and does not show the presence of any obvious photospheric or wind stellar features. Surprisingly, the FUV spectrum also does not show any unambiguous broad absorption features. It thus appears to be dominated by the AGN, rather than hot stars, and virtually unfiltered by the dusty FeLoBAL screen. The observed Lyα emission is best explained if it is produced in the outflowing BAL cloud system, while the Balmer lines arise primarily from the standard broad emission line region seen through the dusty (AV ∼ 7 mag) broad absorption line region. Two possible geometric models are discussed in the context of these new results.
Behavior of Pulsed Electric Fields Injured Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cells in Apple Juice Amended with Pyruvate and Catalase

Pulse Electric Field (PEF) treatment has been used to inactivate bacteria in liquid foods. However, information on the behavior of PEF injured Escherichia coli bacteria in media during storage at 5 and 23°C are limited. In this study, we investigated the fate of E. coli O157:H7 cells at 6.8 log CFU/ml in apple juice treated with PEF at 7.2 kV/cm and 32.2 kV/cm, 18.4 A with pulse width of 2.6 s at 25, 35, 45 and 55°C, at a fl ow rate of 120 ml/min. The juices collected were amended with pyruvate and catalase (0 to 0.1%) and then stored at 5 and 23°C for 24 h. Periodically (0, 3, 6, and 24 h), 0.1 ml of the treated sample was plated on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC) and Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) amended with catalase and pyruvate to determine percent injury, viability loss and behavior of injured cells. PEF voltage at 32.2 kV/cm and treatments at 35, 45 and 55°C led to signi fi cant decline in the surviving cell populations than treatment at 7.2 kV/ cm. The injured populations in control media were higher than media amended with pyruvate and catalase suggesting possible recovery of PEF injured E. coli cells.
The impact of the EU Timber Regulation on the Bosnia and Herzegovinian export of processed wood

Illegal logging and its related trade is of great concern around the world. The European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR) is a regulatory approach by the EU to prevent illegal timber and timber products to be placed on the European Union inner market. This means the regulation affects both actors in the member countries as well as the actors exporting timber and timber products to the EU from non EU member countries. This study aims to study the implementation process of the EUTR in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B-H), and its preconditions. Institutional theory is used to understand and explain how the EUTR affects B-H organisations’ business environment, and how the organisations choose to respond to the EUTR. Methodologically, the study is based on qualitative interviews with representatives from the B-H exporting industry of processed wood products, authorities and research institutions. The pressure from the EUTR is realised in B-H on different governmental levels, and there is no responsible authority chosen for the implementation. However, the knowledge of the EUTR is somewhat spread among the respondents, and is expected increasing with time. The respondents’ perception of the EUTR is overall positive, and the EUTR is believed to reduce illegal activities related to forest trade in the region in the future. The lack of human and monetary resources together with an unfair market competition from organisations using illegal wood reduce the legal organisations’ capacity to implement the EUTR. So far, respondents from the authorities and the research institution has responded to the EUTR for example by arranging seminars aiming to spread the knowledge of the EUTR, and more organisations are starting to respond the institutional pressure from the EUTR. The implementation of the EUTR is hampered by a complicated administration and a lack of funding and knowledge. There is however a positive attitude towards the regulation among the respondents, as they are taking the issue seriously, and believe the EUTR will contribute to a reduction of illegal activities in the future.
Quality Determination of Different Wholesale Cuts of Goat Carcass at Different Ages

The experiment was conducted to find out the nutritive value and microbial status of different wholesale cuts of goat carcass. The meat sample (4 cuts from each animal × 3 different age groups × 3 animals in each group = 36 samples) was obtained from 1-, 2-, and 3-year aged goats. The whole sale cuts were shoulder, rack, loin and leg of each goat carcass. To assess the quality of meat sample, the general appearance, color, smell, juiciness, proximate composition, pH, total bacteria, coliform bacteria, and yeast were studied. The mean pH value of different cuts ranges from 5.65-5.69 didn't differ significantly, but due to age differences the pH values (5.59-5.74) differed significantly (p < 0.01). The values of juiciness in different ages ranged from 32.24-42.10% which differed signifi- cantly (p < 0.01). The marbling of the cuts of rack portion was more pronounced than that of other cuts. The ranges of crude protein (CP) content of goat carcass (20.78-27.71%) differed significantly (p < 0.01) and leg portion contained higher CP than other portion. Fat contents of different cuts ranged from 2.66-11.47% differed significantly (P < 0.01). The moisture content of the carcass differed significantly which ranged from 69.20-73.31%. The ash content of the cuts of 1-year aged groups (0.99 ± 0.13%) was higher than that of other age groups and differed significantly (P < 0.01). The calcium (Ca) content did not differ significantly. The phosphorus (P) content was higher in one year old goat (0.15 ± 0.03%) than that of the goats of other ages. The total viable count (TVC) content of microorganisms ranging from 5.05-5.15 log cfu/g at different ages did not differ significantly. The coliform count (CC) of different cuts differed significantly (P < 0.01) which ranged from 2.56-3.05 log cfu/g; it also differed significantly (P < 0.05) in dif- ferent ages (2.79-2.84 log cfu/g) and was higher in 1 year old goat carcass. The yeast count differed significantly in different cuts (P < 0.01) and ages (P < 0.05). From the study it is concluded that the age and different wholesale cuts have direct influence on quality of goat carcass.