Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND REPORTING FREQUENCY: HAZARDS OF MORE FREQUENT REPORTING

There has been little research that has examined any of the possible consequences of frequent financial reporting. In this paper, we discuss and provide theoretical explanations for two negative consequences associated with more frequent reporting. Based on search from psychology and sociology we theorize how more frequent reporting can lead to (1) goal seeking behavior by managers, (2) inaccurate predictions from investors (3) higher dispersion of investor beliefs and (4) higher uncertainty of
Use of Nucleic-Acid Homologies in the Taxonomy of Anaerobic Bacteria

Nucleic acid homology studies are providing a common base for establishing bacterial groups. Few phenotypic characteristics have consistently correlated with homology data among the various groups of organisms that we have investigated. However, there are correlations that are specific for a given group of bacteria such that nucleic-acid homology data can be used to select those phenotypic properties that will be most useful for identification and taxonomic purposes.
Methods of Compaction of Basecourse Aggregate for Repeated Load Triaxial Testing

This paper presents the results of research undertaken at the University of Auckland to evaluate laboratory methods of compacting basecourse material for “large scale” (250mm diameter by 625mm height) Repeated Load Triaxial (RLT) tests. The methods of compaction evaluated are kneading and vibratory compaction. The majority of laboratories globally use some form of vibratory compaction for the purpose of compacting RLT specimens. This is primarily due to the high energy output of vibratory hammers, making vibratory compaction more efficient at compacting aggregate specimens to higher densities. For this reason most contractors use vibratory rollers for in-field aggregate layer compaction. However, high energy compaction both in the field and especially in laboratory specimens, where specimens are bounded by rigid steel moulds has been shown to cause disintegration of aggregate particles. This paper evaluates if similar Dry Densities (DD) can be achieved for M/4 and permeable basecourse from kneading compaction without crushing aggregate particles. Changes in particle size distributions (PSD’s) can greatly alter the structural and drainage performance of any granular layer. This paper presents the results of evaluating which mode of compaction has the greatest effects on the initial PSD.
Assessing Korean Middle School Students' Language Learning Strategies in Input-Poor Environments.

This study investigated the strategies used by middle school students in Korea for learning English as a Second Language (ESL) in an environment that provides little English language input. Subjects were 60 students in 3 rural public middle schools. Students were selected randomly from advanced and low-level ESL groups in grades 7, 8, and 9. Using a retrospective interview and think-aloud protocol, strategies for vocabulary learning, listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing were elicited. Results indicate that over grade levels, student use of both cognitive and metacognitive strategies increased somewhat. In ninth grade in particular, good students used more effective strategies than did poor students. No difference between male and female students was found. Specific strategy use depended on task type, with students consistently using memory strategies during vocabulary learning, compensation strategies during listening or reading comprehension tasks, and metacognitive strategies in listening and writing tasks. Most students used noncommunicative strategies such as repeating, translation, or rote memorization. In higher grades, advanced students relied less on the mechanical process. Poor students used traditional cognitive strategies across grade levels. Overall, every student was actively involved in the learning process. Appended materials include notes on learning strategies and study data. Contains 68 references. (MSE) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************
Combined kinetic modelling and experimental study of a fuel rich, premixed n-heptane flame

In this collaborative work a reaction scheme for n-heptane oxidation and emission formation was developed based on new experimental data obtained in a premixed fuel rich flame. It is based on our previous work on the flame chemistry of butane and butene isomers and follows the approach to continuously extend and improve an oxidation scheme by focusing on highly resolved species profiles in flames and include other combustion properties in the mechanism validation such as ignition delay time or laminar flame speeds. By this approach a comprehensive reaction scheme is provided that can be used in applications covering a wide parameter range, e.g. internal combustion engines.
SIGNATURES OF CLOUD, TEMPERATURE, AND GRAVITY FROM SPECTRA OF THE CLOSEST BROWN DWARFS

We present medium-resolution optical (λ/Δλ ∼ 4000) and near-infrared (λ/Δλ ∼ 8000) spectral data for components of the newly discovered WISE J104915.57-531906.1AB (Luhman 16AB) brown dwarf binary. The optical spectra reveal strong 6708 Å Li i absorption in both Luhman 16A (8.0 ± 0.4 Å) and Luhman 16B (3.8 ± 0.4 Å) confirming their substellar mass. Interestingly, this is the first detection of Li i absorption in a T dwarf. In the near-infrared data, we find strong K i absorption at 1.168, 1.177, 1.243, and 1.254 μm in both components. Neither the optical nor the near-infrared alkali lines show low surface gravity signatures. Along with the Li i absorption detection, we can broadly constrain the system age to 0.1–3 Gyr or the mass to 20–65 MJup for each component. Compared to the strength of K i line absorption in equivalent spectral subtype brown dwarfs, Luhman 16A is weaker while Luhman 16B is stronger. Analyzing the spectral region around each doublet in distance scaled flux units and comparing the two sources, we confirm the J-band flux reversal and find that Luhman 16B has a brighter continuum in the 1.17 μm and 1.25 μm regions than Luhman 16A. Converting flux units to a brightness temperature we interpret this to mean that the secondary is ∼50 K warmer than the primary in regions dominated by condensate grain scattering. One plausible explanation for this difference is that Luhman 16B has thinner clouds or patchy holes in its atmosphere allowing us to see to deeper, hotter regions. We also detect comparably strong FeH in the 0.9896 μm Wing–Ford band for both components. Traditionally, a signpost of changing atmosphere conditions from late-type L to early T, the persistence and similarity of FeH at 0.9896 μm in both Luhman 16A and Luhman 16B is an indication of homogenous atmosphere conditions. We calculate bolometric luminosities from observed data supplemented with best fit models for longer wavelengths and find the components are consistent within 1σ with resultant Teffs of 1310 ± 30 K and 1280 ± 75 K for Luhman 16AB respectively.
DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO . E 2008 / 12 Productivity growth and technological change in Europe and us DIEGO

This paper presents an evaluation on the technological sources of productivity growth across European countries and the U.S. for the period 1980-2004. Technological progress is divided into neutral change and investment specific change. Contribution to productivity growth from each type of technological progress is computed using a growth accounting approach and a general equilibrium approach. Concerning the growth accounting view, the neutral change dominates the effect from the implicit change, and the ICT assets provide most of the implicit technological change. Regarding the general equilibrium approach, ICT assets (specially the hardware equipment) also respond for most of the implicit change affecting productivity growth. JEL Classification: O41, O47.
Impact of estuarine fronts on the dispersal of piscivorous birds in the German Bight

ABSTRACT: Survey data on seabird distribution at sea, hydrographic data and optical satellite datacollected for the German Bight were used to analyse the variability of the distribution of wintering red-throated diver and black-throated diver Gavia stellata / arctica in relation to oscillations of the JutlandCoastal Current (JCC) and associated surface fronts. Data collected from hydrographic stations weresummarised by means of principal component analysis; the first component, reflecting characteristicsof the JCC, provided a satisfactory quantitative measurement of the average meso-scale habitat usedby both species. The pelagic range of divers clearly followed the outer estuarine front between surfaceNorth Sea water and the JCC, which was located between the 20 and 30 m depth contours. Despite ahighly transient trailing edge of the JCC, no divers were ever observed in North Sea water. Hydro-graphic as well as composited satellite CZCS (Coastal Zone Color Scanner) data indicated the pres-ence of an inner front, spanning a stronger surface salinity gradient than the outer estuarine front. Theinner estuarine front was located between mixed estuarine water, with salinities between 32 and34 psu, and the core of the estuarine water mass from the river Elbe, with salinities below 32 psu.Seven-year composite images, produced from all available CZCS-Chl (chlorophyll) data taken overthe German Bight during the Nimbus-7 mission, revealed the mean distribution of the inner estuarinefront as a sharp gradient between the 15 and 20 m depth contours, extending less than 10 km inlongitude. The variability of the inner estuarine front was measured over a series of cruises, and itindicated a quasi-stable structure; the prevailing position of the surface front was in a zone stretchingfrom 07°30’E at Horns Reef (55°45’N) to 07°50’E south of Amrum Bank (54°30’N), except duringeasterly winds when the front was advected offshore as far as 6°50’E. The recorded patches of highdensities of divers were almost confined to areas within 5 km distance from the mean frontal zone. Thelink between divers and the inner estuarine front seemed rather persistent, as peak densities coincidedwith the location of this front during all cruises, while lower densities were normally observed in thecore Elbe water and in the mixed water outside the front. The authors suggest that the quasi-stabilityand strength of the inner estuarine front give rise to a predictable location of food resources (i.e. smallfish) for divers in the German Bight. Our study highlights the potential for frontal structures of the JCCto influence the marine ecosystem of the southeastern North Sea.KEY WORDS: Estuarine fronts · German Bight · Seabird foraging · Red-throated/black-throated diver ·
DOI: 10

Nickel matrix composites are produced with concentrations of 0.5 – 10 vol.% of carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), onion-like carbon (OLC) or nanodiamonds (nDs) as reinforcements by hot pressing. After densification, a secondary annealing step is conducted to induce grain growth and thus to analyse the effect of the different carbon nanoparticles (CNP) and their concentrations on the microstructure. Grain sizes are measured by electron backscatter diffraction and a model based on the Zener equation is adapted to predict the observed grain refinement for all CNP. It is shown that the model is valid, as long as no saturation value of the refinement effect is reached. However, the individual concentration at which a saturation value is reached differs, which is correlated to the mean CNP agglomerate diameter distribution. For MWCNTs and OLCs, an increasing grain refinement is observed for up to 3 vol.% and 6.5 vol.%, respectively. However, for nDs the mean grain size is decreasing up to 10 vol.%. This difference is correlated to different hybridization states or different particle geometries for all CNP. As information regarding hybridization state and particle
Representation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the CMIP5 climate models and future changes under warming scenarios

The representation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in the fifth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is generally improved over CMIP3. The range of modeled transports in the historical (1976–2006) scenario is reduced (90–264 Sv) compared with CMIP3 (33–337 Sv) with a mean of 155 ± 51 Sv. The large intermodel range is associated with significant differences in the ACC density structure. The ACC position is accurately represented at most longitudes, with a small (1.27°) standard deviation in mean latitude. The westerly wind jet driving the ACC is biased too strong and too far north on average. Unlike CMIP3 there is no correlation between modeled ACC latitude and the position of the westerly wind jet. Under future climate forcing scenarios (2070–2099 mean) the modeled ACC transport changes by between −26 to +17 Sv and the ACC shifts polewards (equatorwards) in models where the transport increases (decreases). There is no significant correlation between the ACC position change and that of the westerly wind jet, which shifts polewards and strengthens. The subtropical gyres strengthen and expand southwards, while the change in subpolar gyre area varies between models. An increase in subpolar gyre area corresponds with a decreases in ACC transport and an equatorward shift in the ACC position, and vice versa for a contraction of the gyre area. There is a general decrease in density in the upper 1000 m, particularly equatorwards of the ACC core.
Influence of farm yard, nitrogen and bio-fertilizer on growth, tuber yield of potato under rain-fed condition in East Khasi hill district of Meghalaya

A field experiment was conducted during summer season (March–July) of 1997 and 1998 to study the effect of bio, organic and inorganic source of nutrients on potato tuber yield. Application of farm yard manure (FYM) @ 15 t/ha significantly increased the growth, tuber yeild and net return of potato. Application of 100% N of recommended dose also boosted the growth and yield of potato. Application of FYM recorded the saving of 60 kg N/ha. Azotobacter proved effective in enhancing the growth and tuber yield of potato. Interaction effect of FYM, nitrogen and Azotobacter was significant. Highest tuber yield and net return was obtained with application of FYM @ 15 t/ha + Azotobacter + 100% recommended dose of nitrogen.
Cryptanalysis Using Genetic Algorithm

In this paper a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to attack an Arabic encrypted text by Vigenere cipher. The frequency of occurrence of Arabic letters has been calculated by using the text of the holy book of Quran, since it has rich language features compared to many other books. The algorithm is tested to find the key letters for different ciphertext sizes and key lengths. The results shows 100% correct letters retrieved from medium size ciphertext and short key length, while 90% of the ciphertext is retrieved from long ciphertext and medium key length, and 82% of the ciphertext is retrieved from long ciphertext and long key.
A NEW PROPAGATION METHOD FOR RAPID MULTIPLICATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM UNDER IN VIVO CONDITIONS

A new method of propagation of chrysanthemum through leaf cuttings complimentary to the conventional method of shoot tip propagation was developed under in vivo conditions. The study was conducted during 2008-2011 at the research farm of the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Two cultivars of chrysanthemum ‘Autumn Joy’ and ‘Garden Beauty’ were used for the study. Leaf cuttings consisting of leaf blade, petiole and an attached auxiliary bud, taken from different positions of the stem were treated with the combination of plant growth regulators (IBA and Kinetin). With this method, 10-15 new plants were produced from a single stem in contrast to the conventional method of propagation through terminal stem cuttings, which yielded only one plant per stem. The complete process of regenerating plants through this method is new, quick, simple, easy, economical and highly effective and takes the same time as conventional method) under in vivo conditions. This propagation technique is particularly useful when propagating material is scarce as from a small quantity of initial propagating material, a large number of plants can be produced.
The Salieri Syndrome

A model of the impact of envy in groups is proposed and tested in a longitudinal study of 143 groups. Envy was directly and negatively related to group performance. Moreover, envy indirectly influenced group performance, absenteeism, and group satisfaction by increasing social loafing and reducing both group potency and cohesion. This study provides an initial step in identifying the processes through which envy impacts group effectiveness. Implications are discussed and future research directions are identified.
Evaluation of Insecticides Targeting Control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Insecticides from different chemical groups were tested by laboratory bioassay to verify the percentage mortality of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The experiment was conducted in the Crop Science laboratory—Prof. CinobelinaElvas Campus—UFPI, Bom Jesus, PI, from January to June, 2013. The populations utilized came from the University’s own insect breeding laboratories. Third instar larvae of H. armigera were used to conduct the bioassay. The experimental design was fully randomized, with 13 treatments and four replications. Five larvae were used per replication, with 12 insecticides from 9 different chemical groups and a control. Each treatment consisted of three doses. The methods of application used were topical contact and ingestion in artificial diet. According to the results the percentage mortality of H. armigera larvae varied among the treatments. The results demonstrated that chlorpyrifos and spinosad were effective against third instar H. armigera larvae both on contact and by ingestion. Flubendiamide, acephate, methomyl, Bacillus thuringiensis, dimethoate, chlorantraniliprole and fipronil had good responses to control of H. armigera.
The Distributive Impact of Land Markets in Uganda

This article presents first‐hand evidence about land distribution and the impact of land markets in central Uganda. This area is characterized by unequal distribution of land inheritance, rural‐rural migration, and active land markets. We show that land markets, and particularly land purchases, tend to reduce the initial inequality in the initial (inherited) distribution of land. Land purchases by landless farmers in their native village represent an important part of this adjustment.
Arctic zooplankton do not perform diel vertical migration (DVM) during periods of midnight sun

Diel vertical distribution patterns of dominant zooplankton taxa were studied during a period of midnight sun (May 1999) in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) of the Barents Sea along 2 tran- sects across the ice edge. Eight stations were sampled every 6 h over 24 h at 5 depth intervals. Our study confirmed that copepod nauplii (most probably Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis) together with Pseudocalanus spp. preferred the surface water layer. The herbivores C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and C. hyperboreus concentrated in the upper 50 m depth interval, whereas the omnivores Metridia longa and Microcalanus spp. were generally found in deeper waters. As a result of vertical distribution patterns of the numerically abundant taxa, a bulk of zooplankton was concentrated within the 0-50 m layer. Vertical distribution patterns of all examined taxa/groups varied in time as a result of habitat changes (with respect to water mass distribution and sea depth) as well as random patchiness. Based on our data and on a comprehensive literature survey on Arctic zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM), we postulate that common zooplankton taxa in the MIZ of the Barents Sea do not perform DVM under the midnight sun. Arctic C. glacialis in May 1999 occupied deeper layers at stations with more ice cover and less melt water. This distribution pattern was probably related to the species' reproduction. At the same time, Atlantic C. finmarchicus was concentrated further away from the ice edge and chlorophyll a maximum, and presumably had not begun its seasonal reproduc- tion.
Freeness of conic-line arrangements in P2

Let C D SniD1 Ci P 2 be a collection of smooth rational plane curves. We prove that the addition–deletion operation used in the study of hyperplane arrangements has an extension which works for a large class of arrangements of smooth rational curves, giving an inductive tool for understanding the freeness of the module . C/ of logarithmic differential forms with pole along C . We also show that the analog of Terao’s conjecture (freeness of .C/ is combinatorially determined if C is a union of lines) is false in this setting. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). Primary 52B30; Secondary 14J60.
Culture of Scylla serrata Megalops in Brackishwater Ponds

Threeto five-day old hatchery-reared megalops (4.0 to 6.4 mg body weight) of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, were cultured to the juvenile stage in 20 m2 net cages installed in brackishwater nursery ponds. To establish a suitable stocking density, megalops were stocked at 10, 20, and 30 ind·m-2 in net cages. Treatments were replicated three times over time. After 30 days of culture, mean survival of juveniles ranged from 48.3 to 53.3% and did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) among the three stocking densities. Similarly, the mean final body weights of juveniles ranging from 2.91 to 3.40 g and mass weights 458.9 to 1066 g did not significantly differ among stocking densities. These results show that stocking of crab megalops directly in net cages in a brackishwater pond is feasible at any of the stocking densities tested.
Wideband 1-Pulse Reconstruction-from Sparse Spectral-Amplitu

Methods are investigated for reconstructing a wideband timedomain pulse waveform from a sparse set of samples of its frequency-domain amplitude spectrum. Approaches are outlined which comprise various means of spectrum interpolation followed by phase retrieval. Methods for phase retrieval are reviewed, and it is concluded that useful results can only be obtained by assuming a minimum-phase solution. Two reconstruction algorithms are proposed. The first is based upon the use of Cauchy’s technique for estimating the amplitude spectrum in the form of a ratio of polyne mials. The second uses B-spline interpolation among the sampled values to reconstruct this spectrum. Reconstruction of the timedomain waveform via inverse Fourier transformation follows, based on the assumption of minimum phase. Representative numerical results are given. *5820 Stoneridge Mall Road, Suite 205, Pleasanton, CA 94588. (510) 460-3740.