Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Gate Delay Tracking Structures for GNSS Signals and Their Evaluation with Simulink, SystemC, and VHDL

Accurate delay tracking in multipath environments is one of the prerequisites of modern GNSS receivers. Several solutions have been proposed in the literature, both feedback and feedforward. However, this topic is still under active research focus, especially for mass-market receivers, where selection of lowcomplexity, nonpatented methods is preferred. Among the most encountered delay tracking structures implemented in today's receivers, we have the narrow correlator and the double-delta correlators. Both are heavily covered by various patents. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new, generic structure, called multiple gate delay (MGD) structure, which covers also the patented correlators but offers much more flexibility in the design process. We show how the design parameters of such a structure can be optimized, we argue the performance of this structure via detailed simulation results based on various simulators, such as Matlab/Simulink-based tool, GRANADA, and we test the implementation feasibility of MGD structures on actual devices, via SystemC and FPGA prototyping. One of the main advantages of the proposed structure is its high degree of flexibility, which allows the designer to choose among, to the authors' knowledge, nonpatented solutions with delay tracking accuracy comparable with that of the current state-of-art trackers.
Teacher-Centered Professional Development

My vision of professional development is grounded in faith in teachers, the institutions they work for, and the power of the broader community of educators around the country and the globe. Effective professional development should be understood as a jobembedded commitment that teachers make in order to further the purposes of the profession while addressing their own particular needs. It should follow the principles that guide the learning practices of experienced adults, in teaching communities that foster cooperation and shared expertise. Teacher success stories are living theories of educational quality and should be shared with the wider educational community for the benefit of all involved.
Who Cares? Volume 1: A Profile of Care Workers in Australia's Community Services Industries

In nursing homes, child care centres, migrant welfare services, group homes for people with disabilities, and elsewhere around Australia, workers are employed to help other people meet their daily needs. These employees perform paid 'care work' in Australia's community service industries. This publication presents a profile of these care workers, using data from the Census of Population and Housing 1996 and 2001.
The effect of sperm morphology and testicular spermatozoa on embryo quality

Objective. To determine the correlation between sperm morphology groups (strict criteria) and testicular spermatozoa, and day 2 and 3 embryo quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cases. Methods. A retrospective study was done of 2 402 IVF and ICSI-fertilised embryos classified as goodquality embryos (GQEs) or poor-quality embryos (PQEs). Sperm morphology (strict criteria) was classified as teratozoospermia (P-pattern ( 14% normal)), and testicular spermatozoa (immature, only ICSI group). Results. Sperm morphology (P, G, and N-patterns) and immature testicular sperm had no effect on day 2 or 3 embryo quality for ICSI (p = 0.82) and IVF-fertilised (p = 0.64) embryos. A significant increase in GQEs from day 2 to 3 in the P-pattern group (33 - 39%, p = 0.002) and testicular spermatozoa group (30 - 35%, p = 0.014) was found in ICSI cases. Conclusion. Morphology of human spermatozoa according to Tygerberg’s strict criteria and testicular spermatozoa had no predictive value for the outcome of day 2 and 3 embryo quality.
A 4096-Neuron 1M-Synapse 3.8-pJ/SOP Spiking Neural Network With On-Chip STDP Learning and Sparse Weights in 10-nm FinFET CMOS

A reconfigurable 4096-neuron, 1M-synapse chip in 10-nm FinFET CMOS is developed to accelerate inference and learning for many classes of spiking neural networks (SNNs). The SNN features digital circuits for leaky integrate and fire neuron models, on-chip spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) learning, and high-fan-out multicast spike communication. Structured fine-grained weight sparsity reduces synapse memory by up to 16<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with less than 2% overhead for storing connections. Approximate computing co-optimizes the dropping flow control and benefits from algorithmic noise to process spatiotemporal spike patterns with up to 9.4<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> lower energy. The SNN achieves a peak throughput of 25.2 GSOP/s at 0.9 V, peak energy efficiency of 3.8 pJ/SOP at 525 mV, and 2.3-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/neuron operation at 450 mV. On-chip unsupervised STDP trains a spiking restricted Boltzmann machine to de-noise Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) digits and to reconstruct natural scene images with RMSE of 0.036. Near-threshold operation, in conjunction with temporal and spatial sparsity, reduces energy by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$17.4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 1.0-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{J}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/classification in a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$236 \times 20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> feed-forward network that is trained to classify MNIST digits using supervised STDP. A binary-activation multilayer perceptron with 50% sparse weights is trained offline with error backpropagation to classify MNIST digits with 97.9% accuracy at 1.7-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{J}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/classification.
Role of Technetium Bone Scans in Orthopedic Outcome Evaluation

The fundamental goal of orthopedic treatment is restoration of musculoskeletal function. A new definition of musculoskeletal function includes the capacity to not only perform certain high-level activities, but also to maintain tissue homeostasis while doing so. Technetium bone scintigraphy is, at present, the best method to manifest the characteristic of tissue homeostasis in living musculoskeletal systems. A persistently positive posttreatment bone scan can identify joints at risk of early degenerative changes. The achievement of documented restoration of osseous homeostasis, provided by normal results on a bone scan, conversely is substantial objective data indicating successful orthopedic treatment. Future developments in imaging allowing sequential tracking of the homeostasis characteristics of all musculoskeletal tissues should result in improved orthopedic concepts of injury and repair, and ultimately safer and more effective therapeutic techniques.
Determinants of Felt Stigma among Patients Living with Epilepsy Attending a Tertiary Neurology Clinic in South East Nigeria

Background: Felt stigma is a major social and psychological problem in epilepsy and manifests the fear or expectations of such “reactions” from people. Understanding of the pattern and prevalence of felt stigma gives an insight into the burden of this “second illness” of epilepsy in southeast Nigeria. Methods: Consecutive consenting adult epilepsy patients attending a neurology outpatient in Enugu southeast Nigeria were interviewed. Data on felt stigma was also collected using a scale for collection of stigma data on stigma designed by Jacoby et al. Results: A total of 295 patients were interviewed during the study (165 (55.9%) males and 130 (44.1%) females). About 29.4% (88/295) felt stigmatized and 82.1% of them highly so. Correlates of felt stigma were age of onset (negatively), seizure frequency, duration of epilepsy, use of non-orthodox treatment, seizures occurring in public and the presence of physical injuries. Predictors of felt stigma were having seizures in public (R2 = 0.232, p < 0.001) and seizure related injuries (R2 = 0.277, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Felt epilepsy stigma is common among patients attending urban tertiary hospital in southeast Nigeria. Several preventable factors are associated with this phenomenon hence efforts aimed at preventing epilepsy should also target felt stigma prevention.
Utilization of MCH and FW services: association maternal literacy socio- economic status and accessibility of the subcentre.

Research question: What is the association of maternal literacy socio economic status and distance on utilization of MCH & FW services at sub-centre level ? Settings: Rural area. Study design: Cross-sectional. Participants: 10% of antenatal females selected by systematic random sampling from those registered in the antenatal records of the year 2007 in 10 randomly selected sub-centres of RS Pura Block in rural Jammu. Methodology: The selected females were home-visited and administered a pre-tested semi-closed questionnaire to collect information regarding the influence of maternal literacy socio economic status and distance on the utilization of MCH & FW services like antenatal care childhood immunization services and procurement of contraceptives etc. from their respective sub-centres. The data thus obtained was analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques. Results: On data analysis maternal literacy socio-economic status and distance from subcentre emerged as significant factors determining utilization of MCH & FW services at grassroot level.
Rectifying thermal fluctuations: Minimal pumping and Maxwell's demon

Title of dissertation: RECTIFYING THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS: MINIMAL PUMPING AND MAXWELL’S DEMON Dibyendu Mandal, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Christopher Jarzynski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Physical Science and Technology Molecular complexes with movable components form the basis of nanoscale machines. Their inherent stochastic nature makes it a challenge to generate any controllable movement. Rather than fighting these fluctuations, one can utilize them by the periodic modulation of system parameters, or stochastic pumping. For the no-pumping theorem (NPT), which establishes minimal conditions for directed pumping, we present a simplified proof using an elementary graph theoretical construction. Motivated by recent experiments, we propose a new class of “hybrid” models combining elements of both the purely discrete and purely continuous descriptions prevalent in the field. We formulate the NPT in this hybrid framework to give a detailed justification of the original experiment observation. We also present an extension of the NPT to open stochastic systems. Next we consider the paradox of “Maxwell’s demon”, an imaginary intelligent being that rectifies thermal fluctuations in a manner that seems to violate the second law of thermodynamics. We present two exactly solvable, autonomous models that can reproduce the actions of the demon. Of necessity, both of these models write information on a memory device as part of their operation. By exposing their explicit, transparent mechanisms, our models offer simple paradigms to investigate the autonomous rectification of thermal fluctuations and the thermodynamics of information processing. RECTIFYING THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS: MINIMAL PUMPING AND MAXWELL’S DEMON
Implementation and evaluation of a parallel text searcher for very large text databases

The Utah Retrieval System Architecture (URSA) was initially developed in 1981 developed as an alternative to central-processor-based information retrieval systems. It combined distributed processing and a windowed user interface with a hardware-based search server combined with using document surrogates such as partially-inverted files. The authors have now started the development and testing of a medium-scale (about 10 gigabyte) parallel backend search server to demonstrate its operation and to gather data on the use of such a backend processor in actual operation, including information about query complexity and arrival rates. This searcher, based on a hardware-augmented RISC processor, builds on their experience developing and operating the custom VLSI FSA-based search engine. The use of a programmable processor allows the easy implementation of complex search patterns, such as numeric range matching, while the special hardware augmentation provides considerably better performance than would be available from a standard RISC processor server. <<ETX>>
Experimental Study of LoRa Modulation Immunity to Doppler Effect in CubeSat Radio Communications

Currently, LoRa technology is one of the most promising technologies in satellite Internet of Things. Particularly those based on satellite constellations in low Earth orbit, including the CubeSat nanosatellite constellations. However, the LoRa specification does not contain clear criteria for the applicability of the LoRa modulation under strong Doppler effect conditions caused by the very high speed of satellites. This is especially true in the case of the dynamic Doppler effect when the Doppler frequency shift changes rapidly with time. This paper presents the results of laboratory testing and outdoor experiments conducted to determine the feasibility of the LoRa modulation in CubeSat radio communication systems. Additionally, possible restrictions associated with the Doppler effect were explored. The experiments showed that the LoRa modulation has very high immunity to the Doppler effect. This immunity allows for the use of LoRa modulation in satellite radio communications in orbits above 550 km without any restrictions associated with the Doppler effect. In lower orbits, the dynamic Doppler effect leads to the destruction of the satellite-to-Earth radio channel when using the LoRa modulation mode with a maximum spreading factor of $\textit {SF} = 12$ . This destruction occurs when the satellite is flying directly above the ground station, resulting in reduced duration of the radio communication session. The reduction in the duration of a communication session increases with decreasing orbit altitude and reaches about one minute in an ultra-low orbit 200 km high.
A climatology of lee waves over the UK derived from model forecasts

A lee wave forecast system has been run operationally at the UK Met Office since 2006. The forecasts are produced by a numerical model for flow over complex terrain (3DVOM) which is run for five separate hilly regions across the UK. These regions cover Dartmoor (southwest England), Snowdonia (north Wales), Cumbria and the Pennines (northern England), the Grampians (Scotland) and the Mourne and Sperrin mountains (Northern Ireland). Examples of verification of the model forecasts against aircraft and satellite observations are presented. Three years of forecast data for these regions have been used to generate a lee wave climatology for the UK. The model predicts large geographical differences, with lee waves occurring least frequently over Dartmoor and most frequently over Snowdonia and the Grampians. Large amplitude waves, with peak vertical velocities exceeding 3 m s−1 at 700 hPa or above, are more common in forecasts for the Grampian region than others. Lee waves occur more frequently in forecasts during winter months than in summer. The most favourable conditions are those in which there is little turning of the lower tropospheric winds and analysis suggests that the waves are typically trapped in the lower troposphere. The influence of the lee waves on the near‐surface flow has also been investigated. Large accelerations and flow deflections can occur beneath the waves. It is suggested that the latter correspond to turbulent lee wave rotors. Preferred locations for this behaviour have been identified in the model forecasts for the Grampians and Pennines.
Quality Assurance in Education: Student Evaluation of Teaching (SET)

Abstract The current paper investigated the impact of student evaluation of teaching (SET) on University academic staff members’ experiences and their professional development. Explored were issues of practicality, relevance and sheer impact on the quality of the teaching. The data was collected by means of questionnaires with academics in the university. The design was a survey, which sampled 50 lecturers, with a 70% response rate. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89 was achieved for reliability of the instrument. The Findings revealed that SET results influence mainly the content of the course, its structure, teaching style and methods employed. It is also recommended that lecturers should undergo at least one form of external evaluation of his/her teaching every year.
Direct Manipulation Of Virtual Objects

In a virtual reaiity system with a glove − based input device ， the time lag affects o 賑 usabi 茎 ity of direct manipulation of virtual objects ． To find out how to improve the usability ， we conducted two empirical studies ． The experimental results show that visua ユ feedback impedes direct manipulat 玉 on with a ． shown is that visibility of a real hand effective and manipulation
Osteoporosis and women with Down syndrome

This 1 year study of 23 women examined osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with Down syndrome. The participants had their bone mineral density measured in three sites (lumbar spine, hip and forearm) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Each participant also completed a medical history self-report questionnaire. The findings indicate that the women tended to be inactive and they frequently had coexistent conditions (i.e., thyroid disease and seizure disorders) whose treatments may contribute to a reduction in bone mineral density. The results from the bone scans revealed Z -scores that were strikingly different from what would be expected in women in the US general population of the same age and ethnicity. Corresponding to the Z -scores were elevated relative risks for fracture. Eighty-seven per cent of the participants had osteopenia or osteoporosis in at least one of the three sites measured. The results highlight the need for intervention efforts targeted to ageing women with Down syndrome
Le marsouin commun et le phoque gris en mer d'Iroise et le long de la façade Atlantique française : génétique des populations et modifications de l'écosystème

Les mammiferes marins sont des especes cles des ecosystemes. Ils subissent un nombre important de modifications de leur milieu qui necessitent la mise en place de strategie de conservation. Pour cela la connaissance de la structure des populations est primordiale. Une etude de genetique des populations a ete menee sur deux especes emblematiques de la mer d'Iroise. Pour le marsouin commun, espece connaissant un retour le long des cotes francaises, nos travaux montrent, de maniere inattendue, que ce retour est le resultat de deux deplacements differents et qu'il y a une hybridation entre les individus issus de la population de la peninsule Iberique et ceux du Nord de l'Europe. Ces deplacements sont certainement lies a des modifications de la disponibilite des proies suite a des changements du milieu. Pour le phoque gris, nos resultats montrent une grande richesse genetique, avec une structure ancestrale pour la region de controle mitochondriale et une panmixie pour les loci microsatellites, indiquant la presence d'une population a l'echelle du plateau celtique. Une differenciation est observee entre les annees d'echouages paires et impaires ainsi qu'une signature genetique potentielle d'individu issus d'une autre population. Enfin nous avons mene une etude pilote pour un observatoire de la biodiversite genetique des mammiferes marins par la technique de code barres ADN. Cette etude montre que cet observatoire serait une maniere innovante et pertinente pour suivre la biologie des mammiferes marins. L'ensemble de nos resultats permettent de mieux comprendre les modifications de l'ecosysteme et sont un support a la mise en place de strategie de conservation.
Comparison between American Indian and Non-Indian Out-of-Home Placements

American Indian children are overrepresented in out-of-home placements, yet research into this phenomenon is limited. We explored all first-time placements of American Indian children in 1996 and a comparison group of non-Indian children in a Minnesota county and found significant differences between the two groups. In this study, American Indian families are for the most part single-parent households and the vast majority live in poverty. American Indian children are younger and more likely to be exposed to physical neglect than their non-Indian counterparts. For both populations, alcohol use is a significant problem, yet rates are statistically higher among the American Indian families. Clearly, early prevention and intervention programs must include chemical assessment and concrete services to preserve the cultural integrity of families. To this end, emphasis must be placed on adequate funding of tribal human services, as well as collaboration among tribal, county, and state human services.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Prevention and Control Effects of Caries in Preschool Children

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of caries in city preschool children,disscuss the causes of caries high incidence,and provide scientific basis for making prevention and control measures.Methods The preschool children were selected as observation objects.The clinical examination and the method of combining the questionnaire,and the provisions of the WTO caries diagnostic criteria were used for disease investigation.Health education and teaching children correct brushing habits and method,and USES the fluorin ion penetration were used as intervention measures.Children with caries were treated by "ART" treatment technology,and the dental caries were given filling reatment in time.Results The incidence of caries was 66.43% in 1245 city preschool children invstigated,which was significantly higher than the national average level.Cavities are 5.03,higher than other cities.The incidence of caries in Han children is higher than Hui and Yi children,and is higher in city than in rural areas.The location of caries in deciduous teeth was most frequently in mandibular molar,and rarely in mandibular anterior teeth,and showed basically symmetric distribution.Fluorinion penetration is a particularly effective method to lower the incidence of caries in children.Good brushing teeth is an important behavior intervention to lower the incidence of caries in children. "ART" caries disease treatment technology isn a effective treatment for children with caries.Conclusion Oral health education and children fluorin ion penetration are important comprehensive intervention measures to reduce the incidence of caries in children.