Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the number of invariant lines for polynomial systems

In this paper we will revise the mistakes in a previous paper of Zhang Xikang (Number of integral lines of polynomial systems of degree three and four, J. Nanjing Univ. Math. Biquarterly, Supplement, 1993, pp. 209– 212) for the proof of the conjecture on the maximum number of invariant straight lines of cubic and quartic polynomial differential systems; and also prove the conjecture in a previous paper of the second author (Qualitative theory of polynomial differential systems, Shanghai Science-Technical Publishers, Shanghai, 1995, p. 474) for a certain special case of the n degree polynomial systems. Furthermore, we will prove that cubic and quartic differential systems have invariant straight lines along at most six and nine different directions, respectively, and also show that the maximum number of the directions can be obtained.
Title A randomized double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of ganaxolone in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome

Background: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system deficits are integral to the pathophysiologic development of fragile X syndrome (FXS). Ganaxolone, a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, is hypothesized to improve symptoms such as anxiety, hyperactivity, and attention deficits in children with FXS. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of ganaxolone in children with FXS, aged 6–17 years. Results: Sixty-one participants were assessed for eligibility, and 59 were randomized to the study. Fifty-five participants completed at least the first arm and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis; 51 participants completed both treatment arms. There were no statistically significant improvements observed on the primary outcome measure (Clinical Global Impression-Improvement), the key secondary outcome measure (Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale-R), or any other secondary outcome measures in the overall study population. However, post-hoc analyses revealed positive trends in areas of anxiety, attention, and hyperactivity in participants with higher baseline anxiety and low full-scale IQ scores. No serious adverse events (AEs) occurred, although there was a significant increase in the frequency and severity of AEs related to ganaxolone compared to placebo. Conclusions: While ganaxolone was found to be safe, there were no significant improvements in the outcome measures in the overall study population. However, ganaxolone in subgroups of children with FXS, including those with higher anxiety or lower cognitive abilities, might have beneficial effects. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01725152
A Study of the Relationship between Leadership Styles and Employee Job Satisfaction at Islamic Azad University Branches in Tehran , Iran

The objective of this study is to explore how at the 16 branches of Islamic Azad University, Tehran province, Iran, leadership styles (the independent variable) influence employee job satisfaction (the dependent variable. Using random sampling, the researcher distributed 400 questionnaires, 386 of which were completed. This study concentrates only on non-teaching staff. The survey was administered between October and December, 2009. The researcher found that the dominant leadership styles were transformational and transactional and employees were moderately satisfied with their job. The results show that different leadership style factors will have different impacts on employee job satisfaction components. Individualized consideration and laissez-faire are strong predictors of all the job satisfaction factors.
Title Overseas R & D Activities by Multinational Enterprises : Evidence from Japanese Firm-Level Data

This paper investigates both the determinants and the impact of overseas subsidiaries’ R&D activities, using firm-level panel data for Japanese multinational enterprises. We distinguish between overseas innovative and adaptive R&D and find substantial differences between the two types of R&D. The evidence suggests that overseas innovative R&D aims at the exploitation of foreign advanced knowledge, and by doing so, it helps to raise the productivity of the parent firm. In contrast, the primary role of overseas adaptive R&D is to enhance the productivity of overseas subsidiaries through the use of parent firms’ knowledge. In addition, we find no complementarity between home and overseas innovative R&D, i.e., no evidence that overseas innovative R&D raises the marginal effect of home R&D on home productivity.
AN EXPLORATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS’ (CEOs) PERCEPTION OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PROCESS: THE CASE OF BRITISH HIGH TECH SMES

The past decade of organizational research has moved from an investigation of organizational static to an investigation of organizational dynamics, much of it focused on strategy and its formulation and implementation. This research is an attempt to shed light on the business owner managers and Chief Executive Officers’ (CEOs) perception of the importance of strategic management process in Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the UK. The data gathered from a sample of 132 CEOs of high tech firms and a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed for data analysis. In this research it has been found that firms which employ strategic management techniques, whether formal or informal, exhibit enhanced levels of success in formulation and implementation of business strategies than those firms which do not employ such procedures. Employing strategic management process in SMEs significantly helps in solving organizational problems, and reducing organizational conflicts. It significantly impacts on employees’ satisfaction and changing organizational culture.
School mathematical discourse in a learning landscape: broadening the perspective for understanding mathematics education in multicultural settings

By bringing our research work together, we are able to discuss the potential of combining the notions of the learning landscape and school mathematical discourse. We do so in a search for concepts and methodological tools to challenge the simplification of issues in regard to mathematics learning in multicultural settings, when adopting restricted perspectives on issues of bilingualism. In the paper we discuss the relationship between the learning landscape and school mathematical discourse. We then use these notions to analyse two case studies in Danish and New Zealand schools. Our conclusion raises possibilities about how these notions can be used when researching mathematics education in multicultural settings.
Bacterial salivary microbiome associates with asthma among african american children and young adults

Several studies have shown that the airways of asthma patients contain higher diversity of bacteria and are enriched in pathogenic species. However, sampling the airways in children is challenging. Here we aimed to identify differences in the salivary bacterial composition between African Americans children with and without asthma. Saliva samples from 57 asthma cases and 57 healthy controls were analyzed by means of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon profiling. Measurements of bacterial diversity and genus relative abundance were compared between cases and controls using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test and multivariate regression models. A total of five phyla and a mean of 56 genera were identified. Among them, 15 genera had a relative abundance greater than 1%, being Prevotella, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella the most abundant genera. Differences between cases and controls were found in terms of diversity, as well as in relative abundance for Streptococcus genus (13.0% in cases vs 18.3% in controls; P = .003) and Veillonella genus (11.1% in cases vs 8.0% in controls; P = .002). These differences remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons and when potential confounders were taken into account in logistic regression models. In conclusion, we identified changes in the salivary microbiota associated with asthma among African Americans.
Using the healthcare information adoption model to predict the adoption of telecare

This study explores the prediction of the healthcare information adoption model (HIAM) which was created first time by Huang (2010) with regard to telecare. This study collects 390 samples in Taiwan and uses structure equation modeling (SEM) to test research model. The results reveal that the model can be considered good-fit models. It can possibly be used as an alternative approach to deliberate on the suitable adoption and acceptance of health care IT (telecare). This study is conducted from the perspective of users in order to ascertain the critical factors that affect telecare users in their inclination toward health care IT. In sum, the research results reveal that it is necessary to increase the users’ awareness of the threat of diseases in order to increase the acceptance of telecare by users (health care IT). Moreover, safety, accuracy, cost of usage, and privacy of telecare equipment should also be considered. Key words: Telecare, healthcare information adoption model, healthcare information adoption model (HIAM).
The contribution of environmental factors to fish assemblages in the Río Acahuapa, a small drainage in Central America

The ichthyofauna of the Río Acahuapa was analyzed sampling 17 sites that included the basin main channel and its tributaries. Fish were collected using dip-nets, seine-nets and electrofishing. Fish standard length and species abundance were recorded. Species origin and salinity tolerance criteria were used to classify fish species. Water physicochemical variables, habitat structure and sampling sites elevation were recorded. A total of 33 fish species were registered, 12.1% are primary, 45.5% are secondary and 42.4% are of marine derivation. Fish species richness declined with increase of elevation (R2=0.55, p=0.0006). Two assemblages of fishes were identified: the first one associated to sites of low elevations (19-184 masl), composed mainly of secondary and marine-estuarine fish species related with high temperature, water velocity, river width, dissolved oxygen and low sand and silt substrate cover; the second one associated to sites of middle and higher elevations (185-519 masl), composed by primary and secondary freshwater fishes related with high pH, logs and rocks substrate cover. In summary, elevation and environmental variables contributed to the composition and distribution of fish in the Río Acahuapa.
Effects of lower limb muscle fatigue on gait performance and postural control among individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a review of literature

Abstract Background: Fatigue is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Individuals with PD experience difficulty in initiating movements, tremors, muscle rigidity and weakness, which progress as the disease worsens. These changes may lead to muscle fatigue, which may in turn affect gait performance and postural control (PC). There are few studies involving muscle fatigue affecting the gait performance and PC among individuals with PD. Objectives: Thus, this review aims to explore the existing evidence on how muscle fatigue affects gait performance and PC in PD. Major Findings: Five studies were included: three on gait performance, one on PC and one on gait performance and PC. Lower limb muscle fatigue alters the aspects of gait performance that may increase the risk of fall, e.g. inducing increased stride length, reduced stride duration and increased speed. However, no significant changes were observed in anticipatory PC among individuals with PD under fatigue condition. Conclusion: Further studies are suggested to explore this topic. A good understanding of gait characteristics can contribute to the development of tailored intervention strategies for individuals with PD.
Chaotic image encryption scheme using two-by-two deoxyribonucleic acid complementary rules

Abstract. An image encryption technique has been proposed using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) operations and chaotic map in this scheme. First, initial conditions of row encryption and column encryption are calculated. Then, a two-dimensional sine iterative chaotic map with infinite collapse (ICMIC) modulation map (2D-SIMM) is adopted to produce chaotic sequences. Extended exclusive OR (XOR) is executed to enhance security. A mask matrix is produced by 2D-SIMM. It performs XOR operation with the DNA-encoded matrix. Finally, the revised DNA-encoded matrix is performed two-by-two DNA complementary rules and executed DNA decoding to obtain the cipher image. Experiment results prove that the proposed scheme is secure enough and can resist various attacks.
Environmental quality research in the Beasley Lake watershed, 1995 to 2007: Succession from conventional to conservation practices

The Beasley Lake watershed (BLW), established for the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area project, represents the US Mississippi Delta region in the national Conservation Effects Assessment Project. The 915-ha (2,260-ac) BLW drains into an oxbow lake that has been monitored since 1995 when row crops were grown on 79% of the area, and the remaining area included a 25-ha (62-ac) lake and a 135-ha (330-ac) riparian forest. Currently, row crops account for 66.5% of the area with 12.4% enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) acreage has decreased from 63.3% to 8.9%. Historical and current research in BLW focuses on monitoring lake limnology, evaluating conservation practice effects on edge-of-field runoff, quantifying changes associated with the Conservation Reserve Program, and modeling watershed responses. Applying combinations of conservation practices can significantly reduce nonpoint source pollution. For example, converting row crops to reduced tillage and transgenic herbicide-resistant crops in BLW reduced suspended sediment (70% reduction), total phosphorus (41% reduction), and pesticide concentrations in lake water. Corresponding increases in Secchi visibility (97%) and chlorophyll a (a primary productivity indicator) likely contributed to improved fish productivity (e.g., fish weight increase comparing 1998 and 2004: Micropterus salmoides 87%, Lepomis macrochirus, 65%) during this period. Additional studies should quantify effects of individual practices and improve modeling tools for making better management decisions. The utilization of the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model and the Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) together provides additional information on the effectiveness of conservation practices within the watershed by combining technology that assesses riparian buffer effectiveness in filtering nutrients at the field scale with the watershed water quality transport capabilities of the AnnAGNPS model.
Title Natriuretic Peptides and Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Asymptomatic Persons Permalink

Current tools for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment in asymptomatic individuals are imperfect. Preventive measures aimed only at individuals deemed high risk by current algorithms neglect large numbers of low-risk and intermediate-risk individuals who are destined to develop CVD and who would benefit from early and aggressive treatment. Natriuretic peptides have the potential both to identify individuals at risk for future cardiovascular events and to help detect subclinical CVD. Choosing the appropriate subpopulation to target for natriuretic peptide testing will help maximize the performance and the cost effectiveness. The combined use of multiple risk markers, including biomarkers, genetic testing, and imaging or other noninvasive measures of risk, offers promise for further refining risk assessment algorithms. Recent studies have highlighted the utility of natriuretic peptides for preoperative risk stratification; however, cost effectiveness and outcomes studies are needed to affirm this and other uses of natriuretic peptides for cardiovascular risk assessment in asymptomatic individuals.
Artificial Intelligence in Radiotherapy Treatment Planning: Present and Future

Treatment planning is an essential step of the radiotherapy workflow. It has become more sophisticated over the past couple of decades with the help of computer science, enabling planners to design highly complex radiotherapy plans to minimize the normal tissue damage while persevering sufficient tumor control. As a result, treatment planning has become more labor intensive, requiring hours or even days of planner effort to optimize an individual patient case in a trial-and-error fashion. More recently, artificial intelligence has been utilized to automate and improve various aspects of medical science. For radiotherapy treatment planning, many algorithms have been developed to better support planners. These algorithms focus on automating the planning process and/or optimizing dosimetric trade-offs, and they have already made great impact on improving treatment planning efficiency and plan quality consistency. In this review, the smart planning tools in current clinical use are summarized in 3 main categories: automated rule implementation and reasoning, modeling of prior knowledge in clinical practice, and multicriteria optimization. Novel artificial intelligence–based treatment planning applications, such as deep learning–based algorithms and emerging research directions, are also reviewed. Finally, the challenges of artificial intelligence–based treatment planning are discussed for future works.
The Effect of Tillage on the Weed Control: An Adaptive Approach

The tillage systems and performance of the operations have an important impact on the weed control. The primary goal for the tillage is to establish the best possible conditions for the crop establishment and growth under the given conditions as soil texture, mois- ture and so on. In addition, the tillage system also strongly influences the weed pressure and conditions for weed control. As tillage requires a substantial amount of fuel, and affects the leak of nitrogen and CO 2 from the soil, there is a big motivation in optimizing the tillage operations due to the local conditions in the field. A big challenge is how to sense the local conditions and information that are needed to optimize the tillage system for local treatment and intensity. This chapter focuses on how to optimize the tillage operations in a local adaptive approach aiming at the best possible weed control.
The Role of Electron Excitation and Nature of Molecular Gas in Cluster Central Elliptical Galaxies

We present observations in CO (3–2) that, combined with previous observations in CO (2–1), constrain the physical properties of the filamentary molecular gas in the central ∼6.5 kpc of NGC 1275, the central giant elliptical galaxy of the Perseus Cluster. We find this molecular gas to have a temperature ≳ 20 K and a density ∼ 10 2 – 10 4 cm − 3 , typically warmer and denser than the bulk of Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in the Galaxy. Bathed in the harsh radiation and particle field of the surrounding intracluster X-ray gas, the molecular gas likely has a much higher ionization fraction than that of GMCs. For an ionization fraction of ∼10−4, similar to that of Galactic diffuse ( ≲ 250 cm − 3 ) partially molecular clouds that emit in HCN (1–0) and HCO+ (1–0), we show that the same gas traced in CO can produce the previously reported emissions in HCN (3–2), HCO+ (3–2), and CN (2–1) from NGC 1275; the dominant source of excitation for all the latter molecules is collisions with electrons. For the molecular filaments to not collapse, as evidenced by their lack of star formation, they must consist of thin strands that have cross-sectional radii ≲0.2–2 pc if supported solely by thermal gas pressure; larger radii are permissible if turbulence or poloidal magnetic fields provide additional pressure support. We point out that the conditions required to relate CO luminosities to molecular gas masses in our Galaxy are unlikely to apply in cluster central elliptical galaxies. Rather than being virialized structures analogous to GMCs, we propose that the molecular gas in NGC 1275 comprises pressure-confined structures created by turbulent flows.
Quality Characteristics of Chicken Emulsion Sausages with Different Levels of Makgeolli Lees Fiber

Makgeolli lees is a by-product of the makgeolli brew processing. Makgeolli lees contains high levels of fibers, which can be separated and used to develop foods rich in dietary fibers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of makgeolli fibers (0-4%) on proximate composition, caloric content, pH, color, cooking yield, textural profile, and sensory characteristics of chicken-emulsion sausages. The moisture content of 1, 2, and 3% makgeolli lees fiber-amended product was higher than the control, while that of the 4% product was not. Total calorie estimates of makgeolli lees fiber-amended sausages were lower than the control, except for in the case of the 4% treatment. Moreover, chicken sausages supplemented with makgeolli lees fiber had higher cooking yields and improved textural properties. Chicken emulsion sausages prepared with makgeolli lees fiber had improved overall acceptability, and the best results of sensory characteristics were obtained for the emulsion sausages containing 2% makgeolli lees fiber.
Measurement of the decays 
Λc→Σππ
 at Belle

We report measurements of the branching fractions of the decays Lambda(+)(c) -> Sigma(+)pi(-)pi(+), Lambda(+)(c) -> Sigma(0)pi(+)pi(0) and Lambda(+)(c) -> Sigma(+)pi(0)pi(0) relative to the reference channel Lambda(+)(c) -> pK(-)p(+). The analysis is based on the full data sample collected at and near the gamma(4S) resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ethorne-collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 711 fb(-1). We measure B(Lambda(+)(c) -> Sigma(+)pi(-)pi(+))/B(Lambda(+)(c) -> pK(-)pi(+)) = 0.719 +/- 0.003 +/- 0.024, B(Lambda(+)(c) -> Sigma(0) pi(+)pi(0))/B(Lambda(+)(c) -> pK(-)pi(+)) = 0.575 +/- 0.005 +/- 0.036 and B(Lambda(+)(c) -> Sigma(+)pi(0)pi(0))/B(Lambda(+)(c) -> pK(-)pi(+)) = 0.247 +/- 0.006 +/- 0.019. The listed uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.
Estimation of Carotid Artery Pulse Wave Velocity by Doppler Ultrasonography

Background: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is widely used for estimating the stiffness of an artery. V arious invasive and non-invasive methods have been developed to determine PWV over the years. In the present research , the non-invasive estimation of the PWV of large arteries was used as an index for arterial stiffness. Methods: A dynamic model based on the Navier-Stokes equations coupled to elasticity equations was introduced for the PWV in arteries with elastic walls. This system of equations was completed by clinical information obtained from the Doppler ultrasound images of the carotid artery of 40 healthy male volunteers. For this purpose, the Doppler ultrasound images were recorded and saved in a computer; and subsequently center-line blood velocity, arterial wall thickness, and arterial radius were measured by offline processing. Results: The results from the analytic solution of the completed equations showed that the mean value of PWV for the group of healthy volunteers was 2.35 m/s when the mean arterial radius was used as the neutral radius and 5.00 m/s when the end-diastole radius was used as the neutral radius. It is noteworthy that the latter value closely complies with that reported by other researchers. Conclusion: By applying this method, a non-invasive clinical and local evaluation of the common carotid artery stiffness via a Doppler ultrasound measurement will be possible.