Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochrome A Regulates the Intracellular Distribution of Phototropin 1–Green Fluorescent Protein in Arabidopsis thaliana[W]

It has been known for decades that red light pretreatment has complex effects on subsequent phototropic sensitivity of etiolated seedlings. Here, we demonstrate that brief pulses of red light given 2 h prior to phototropic induction by low fluence rates of blue light prevent the blue light–induced loss of green fluorescent protein–tagged phototropin 1 (PHOT1-GFP) from the plasma membrane of cortical cells of transgenic seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing PHOT1-GFP in a phot1-5 null mutant background. This red light effect is mediated by phytochrome A and requires ∼2 h in the dark at room temperature to go to completion. It is fully far red reversible and shows escape from photoreversibility following 30 min of subsequent darkness. Red light–induced inhibition of blue light–inducible changes in the subcellular distribution of PHOT1-GFP is only observed in rapidly elongating regions of the hypocotyl. It is absent in hook tissues and in mature cells below the elongation zone. We hypothesize that red light–induced retention of the PHOT1-GFP on the plasma membrane may account for the red light–induced increase in phototropic sensitivity to low fluence rates of blue light.
Rare and unexpected mutations among Iranian beta-thalassemia patients and prenatal samples discovered by reverse-hybridization and DNA sequencing.

We analyzed 70 previously unresolved cases of Iranian β- thalassemia by reverse-hybridization and DNA sequencing. In 60 (86%) of these samples 23 different rare and unexpected β-glo- bin alleles were identified. One of them was a previously unknown transition from AAG (Lys) to TAG (Stop) in codon 95. While peripheral diag- nostic laboratories cover the most common β−globin gene muta- tions known to occur within their respective area, samples remaining untyped are referred to our national reference labo- ratory for further analysis. Between 1999-2001 we received a total of 70 DNA samples from patients (59 thalassemia trait and 4 thalassemia major subjects) and prenatal cases (4 chorionic vil- li and 3 amniotic fluid samples), from various geographic areas and ethnic groups within Iran. As our first approach these samples were screened for a pan- el of 22 relatively common β-globin mutations using an assay based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-hybridiza- tion to oligonucleotide arrays immobilized on test strips. 4 This powerful technique covers more than 80% of known β-globin alleles in Iran in a single amplification and hybridization step, allowing even very small amounts of DNA (e.g. prenatal samples) to be rapidly and comprehensively typed.5 A total of 65 samples, which remained negative for these prevalent mutations, were subjected to DNA sequencing of the entire β-globin gene includ- ing the 5´-untranslated region. The combined results of both techniques revealed a total of 23 different β-globin alleles among our samples (Table 1). The most common one was IVS I-130 (G-C), which was iden- tified in six subjects from the North of Iran, three subjects from the Southwest, as well as in one DNA of unknown geographical origin. A single homozygous individual showed a severe type of anemia and low hemoglobin (8.7 g/dL), the remaining heterozy- gotes had a mean Hb A2 of 5.3% (range: 4.6-6.5), and mean MCV and Hb levels of 61.7 fL (58.0-64.8) and 12.0 g/dL (10.8- 13.2), respectively. The second most common mutation was cd 82/83 (-G), which was present in four samples each from North- ern and Central Iran, and in one sample from Western Iran. Two of the samples were derived from prenatal cases; the mean Hb, MCV and Hb A2 level of the remaining seven heterozygous sub- jects were 12.6 g/dL (10.0-15.1), 62.7 fL (60.0-68.0) and 5.0% (3.9-6.0), respectively. The origin of both IVS I-130 (G-C) and cd 82/83 (-G), as well as a number of other mutations found among our samples, is attributed to neighbors to the North and North- west of Iran (Turks, Kurds, Azerbaijanies). 6-8 Unlike these, anoth-
Transplantation of microcarrier‐attached hepatocytes into 90% partially hepatectomized rats

We previously reported a method of intraperitoneal transplantation of liver cells attached to collagen‐coated microcarriers, which resulted in prolonged survival and function of the transplanted cells. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of liver cell transplantation in providing metabolic support during acute liver insufficiency induced by 90% partial hepatectomy in rats. Ninety per cent of the liver mass (all lobes except the caudate lobe) was resected, and the rats were provided with 5% dextrose orally ad libitum upon regaining consciousness. This regimen results in severe hypoglycemia and death within 48 hr. When microcarrier‐attached liver cells were transplanted into syngeneic and allogeneic recipients 3 days prior to 90% partial hepatectomy, significantly higher blood glucose levels were observed (p < 0.01), compared to the levels in control rats which received injections of microcarriers, liver cells or medium alone. There was a marked improvement in longterm survival (40% survived longer than 28 days; p < 0.001) in rats transplanted with microcarriers‐attached cells. None of the rats given injections of microcarriers, liver cells or medium alone survived beyond 5 days. When liver cells alone or attached to microcarriers were injected intraperitoneally immediately after 90% partial hepatectomy, all rats became hypoglycemic and died within 48 hr, suggesting that vascularization of the transplant is required for function of the transplanted hepatocytes. The results indicate that intraperitoneal transplantation of microcarrier‐attached hepatocytes prior to 90% partial hepatectomy in rats provides acute metabolic support resulting in improved survival.
Swimmer-tracer scattering at low Reynolds number

Understanding the stochastic dynamics of tracer particles in active fluids is important for identifying the physical properties of flow generating objects such as colloids, bacteria or algae. Here, we study both analytically and numerically the scattering of a tracer particle in different types of time-dependent, hydrodynamic flow fields. Specifically, we compare the tracer motion induced by an externally driven colloid with the one generated by various self-motile, multi-sphere swimmers. Our results suggest that force-free swimmers generically induce loop-shaped tracer trajectories. The specific topological structure of these loops is determined by the hydrodynamic properties of the microswimmer. Quantitative estimates for typical experimental conditions imply that the loops survive on average even if Brownian motion effects are taken into account.
A Process-specific Functional Dissociation of the Amygdala in Emotional Memory

Converging evidence highlights the important role of the amygdala in the enhanced memory for emotional material. However, it is unknown whether any regional and/or hemispheric specificity exists regarding its involvement in the different memory stages, such as encoding and retrieval. We directly addressed this issue by conducting an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of memory for faces with different emotional expressions, in which both encoding and recognition were scanned. We found significant amygdala activation associated with both successful encoding and retrieval of fearful faces. Critically, a direct comparison between both stages revealed that whereas the right amygdala was involved in emotional memory formation, the retrieval of those memories relied on the left amygdala. Thus, this study demonstrates a hemispheric dissociation of amygdala involvement in different stages of emotional memory in humans.
Chlamydia pneumoniae and Atherosclerosis: Critical Assessment of Diagnostic Methods and Relevance to Treatment Studies

SUMMARY A number of studies have found that inflammation of the vessel wall plays an essential role in both the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and erosion and fissure and the eventual rupture of plaques. Chlamydia pneumoniae is one of the infectious agents that have been investigated as possible causes of this inflammation. Initial studies of the association of C. pneumoniae and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were seroepidemiologic, and these were followed by studies in which the organism was identified in vascular tissue from patients with CVD by electron microscopy, PCR and immunocytochemical staining (ICC). C. pneumoniae has also been isolated by culture from vascular tissue in a small number patients. However, no single serologic, PCR, or ICC assay has been used consistently across all studies. The assays used are also not standardized. Recent studies of serologic and PCR assays for diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection have suggested that there may be substantial interlaboratory variation in the performance of these tests. It now appears that some of the inconsistency of results from study to study may be due, in part, to lack of standardized methods. Although initial seroepi-demiologic studies demonstrated a significantly increased risk of adverse cardiac outcome in patients who were seropositive, subsequent prospective studies found either small or no in-creased risk. In addition to the lack of consistent serologic criteria, recent evaluations have demonstrated inherent problems with performance of the most widely used serologic methods. Most importantly, we do not have a reliable serologic marker for chronic or persistent C. pneumoniae infection.
Cerebral Neoplasms in L-2 Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria: 3 New Cases and Meta-Analysis of Literature Data

SUMMARY: Increasing evidence suggests that patients with L2-HGA have a predisposition to cerebral neoplasms. This may be related to the pathologic accumulation of L2-HG because high amounts of 2-HG have been found in brain neoplasms that have IDH1 mutations. Our experience, on the basis of 11 previously unreported cases of L2-HGA, 3 of which developed cerebral neoplasms during the course of the disease, also supports an association between L2-HGA and cerebral neoplasms. We conducted a meta-analysis of published data, and we identified 295 patients (including our 11 patients) with L2-HGA. In 14 patients, the metabolic disorder was associated with cerebral neoplasms, suggesting an approximately 5% prevalence rate of CNS neoplasms in patients with L2-HGA; nonetheless, it may still be an underestimate. L2-HGA is an important disease “model” that provides further evidence to support the recently proposed pathogenetic role of 2-HG in the development of cerebral neoplasms.
Multiple repeat caesarean section in the UK: incidence and consequences to mother and child

Sir, Cook et al. are to be congratulated on their recent cohort study examining clinical outcomes in multiple repeat caesarean section. Given the national trends in caesarean section prevalence, the challenges in caring for this population of women will become increasingly relevant to the obstetric community. The evidence presented for an excess morbidity burden also carries with it important implications for healthcare resource provision. We concur with the authors’ assertion that specialist tertiary care represents the ideal environment for operative intervention; however, we feel that their recommendation for mandatory availability of cell salvage and interventional radiology for women with a high risk of placenta accreta because of multiple repeat caesarean section and placenta praevia is premature. Our systematic review of cell salvage in caesarean section published in BJOG in 2009 identified only one small, unreliable randomised trial on which to base recommendations for practice. Equally, there is a lack of evidence from randomised studies to support the contention that interventional radiology is beneficial, and observational studies suggest that this may not be the case. The clinical and cost effectiveness of these techniques compared with standard care without them remains the subject of genuine clinical uncertainty. They are expensive technologies, with potential adverse effects that require careful consideration in a risk–benefit assessment. In view of the paucity of evidence recommending their widespread use, we should await evidence from appropriately powered randomised controlled trials before definitive recommendations are made. A multicentre trial of cell salvage in caesarean section in women at risk of haemorrhage (SALVO, ISRCTN66118656, http://blizard.qmul.ac.uk/res earch-generation/681-salvo.html) has been funded by the National Institute for Health Research, Health Technology Assessment Programme to examine the clinical and cost effectiveness of this intervention. The study has recently received multicentre research ethics committee approval, and will shortly begin deployment into units across the UK. The trial aims to recruit over 3000 women and has broad eligibility criteria, including abnormalities of placentation. We would encourage clinicians to test their uncertainty and consider recruiting to this study, and to maintain equipoise about the usefulness of the intervention until such time as the outcome is known. Only by acquisition of a definitive answer can national policy become better informed. &
Factors Related to Social Media Adoption and Use for Emergency Services Operations: The Case of the NSW SES

This paper aims to provide some insights of a longitudinal case study of the adoption and use of social media technologies by the New South Wales (NSW) state emergency service (SES), with a focus on social media adoption factors. The study identifies a set of internal and external factors explaining the adoption and use of social media by the NSW SES including: the social media bandwagon effect, the effectiveness of social media use during the January 2011 Queensland floods, the NSW state strategic planning on emergency services, the opportunity offered by the upgrade of the NSW SES web site, and a strong internal management leadership toward the use of social media to support emergency operations. Finally, implications for research and practice are discussed.
Compact Diplexer Using Slotline Stepped Impedance Resonator

In this letter, a compact diplexer is implemented by using slotline hairpin stepped impedance resonator (SIR) in ground plane. Two sets of slotline SIR with different dimensions are designed to resonate at different frequencies for the diplexer operation. Also, the SIR can provide a degree of freedom to improve the out-of-band rejection by properly tuning its geometrical parameter ratio. Besides, microstrip-slotline transition is used to split the signal to two channels without extra matching circuits and thereby economizes the circuit size. Finally, good agreement between measurement and simulation is achieved.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and thymidine phosphorylase expression in salivary gland tumors with distinct metastatic behavior.

BACKGROUND Metastasis of salivary gland tumors has a negative impact on survival. Angiogenesis and its factors are potential markers for predicting metastasis in different malignant tumors, but this is not the case for salivary gland tumors. METHODS Salivary gland tumors of distinct biologic behavior were analyzed according to the semiquantitative immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP). RESULTS Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was predominantly weak in benign tumors. Weak TP expression was observed in 100% cases of benign tumors and in 74.3% of primary malignant tumors. High VEGF and TP expression levels were significantly associated with primary malignant tumors but not with primary non-metastasizing and primary metastasizing malignant tumors or with subtypes of malignant tumors. CONCLUSIONS Vascular endothelial growth factor and TP expression levels discriminate benign and malignant tumors but cannot predict metastasis from non-metastasizing tumors.
High Affinity Interaction of Syntaxin and SNAP-25 on the Plasma Membrane Is Abolished by Botulinum Toxin E*

The release of hormones and neurotransmitters requires the fusion of cargo-containing vesicles with the plasma membrane. This process of exocytosis relies on three SNARE proteins, namely syntaxin and SNAP-25 on the target plasma membrane and synaptobrevin on the vesicular membrane. In this study we examined the molecular assembly pathway that leads to formation of the fusogenic SNARE complex. We now show that the plasma membrane syntaxin and SNAP-25 interact with high affinity and equimolar stoichiometry to form a stable dimer on the pathway to the ternary SNARE complex. In bovine chromaffin cells, syntaxin and SNAP-25 colocalize in defined clusters that average 700 nm in diameter and cover 10% of the plasma membrane. Removal of the C terminus of SNAP-25 by botulinum neurotoxin E, a known neuroparalytic agent, dissociates the target SNARE dimer in vitro and disrupts the SNARE clustering in vivo. Together, our data uncover formation of stable syntaxin/SNAP-25 dimers as a central principle of the SNARE assembly pathway underlying regulated exocytosis.
Further research supports association between antidepressant use and elevated risk of postpartum haemorrhage

Commentary on: Grzeskowiak LE, McBain R, Dekker GA, et al . Antidepressant use in late gestation and risk of postpartum haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2016;123(12):1929–36. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is increasing in high-resource countries and increased rates cannot be explained by factors such as increasing maternal age and caesarean section rates.1 A few studies have demonstrated an increased risk of PPH in the setting of antidepressant use which is also increasing. These studies have been limited by being conducted among specialised populations (eg, low-income women), relying on prescription date or supply rather than antidepressant use and …
Computing minimal models, stable models and answer sets

We propose and study algorithms to compute minimal models, stable models and answer sets of $t$-CNF theories, and normal and disjunctive $t$-programs. We are especially interested in algorithms with non-trivial worst-case performance bounds. The bulk of the paper is concerned with the classes of 2- and 3-CNF theories, and normal and disjunctive 2- and 3-programs, for which we obtain significantly stronger results than those implied by our general considerations. We show that one can find all minimal models of 2-CNF theories and all answer sets of disjunctive 2-programs in time $O(m1\mbox{.}4422\mbox{.}^n)$. Our main results concern computing stable models of normal 3-programs, minimal models of 3-CNF theories and answer sets of disjunctive 3-programs. We design algorithms that run in time $O(m1\mbox{.}6701\mbox{.}^n)$, in the case of the first problem, and in time $O(mn^2 2\mbox{.}2782\mbox{.}^n)$, in the case of the latter two. All these bounds improve by exponential factors the best algorithms known previously. We also obtain closely related upper bounds on the number of minimal models, stable models and answer sets a $t$-CNF theory, a normal $t$-program or a disjunctive $t$-program may have.
Vision-related quality of life in people with central retinal vein occlusion using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE To study visual function and vision-related quality of life in persons with central retinal vein occlusion using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25). METHODS Interviewer-administered study of persons with central retinal vein occlusion. Scores on the VFQ-25 were analyzed and converted to a 100-point scale in which 100 represents the best possible score and 0 represents the worst. Subscale results were compared with previously published data, and a subgroup analysis was performed. RESULTS Fifty-one patients participated. The mean adjusted subscale responses were significantly lower than those from a reference group of patients without ocular disease but not significantly different from patients with diabetic retinopathy. Responses to the VFQ-25 correlated most strongly with visual acuity in the better-seeing eye, number of systemic medical conditions, and patients' opinions about their general health. Responses did not correlate with visual acuity in the involved eye. CONCLUSIONS Central retinal vein occlusion is an ocular disease that is associated with a decreased vision-related quality of life as measured by the VFQ-25. A decrease in VFQ-25 scores is related to the degree of visual loss in the better-seeing eye and the overall systemic health of the patient.
Improving Patient Safety to Reduce Preventable Deaths: The Case of a California Safety Net Hospital

&NA; Preventable deaths occur when signs and symptoms of risk and decline are not detected yet are present many hours prior to a deteriorating course. Rapid responses teams (RRTs), also referred to as medical emergency teams (METs) were introduced to improve patient safety by preventing code arrests and death. This research using a case study methodology describes a nurse‐led RRT, developed at a large, safety net, teaching hospital in California. Safety‐net hospitals are challenged to deliver care and meet the complex needs of vulnerable patient populations. This hospital is a mission driven organization that is focused on the patient and the needs of underserved populations. To respond to the call for reform for patient safety and reduce adverse events, the organization adopted RRTs, early recognition rounds by RRT registered nurses (RNs) and the use of trigger alerts by nursing assistants (NAs) to expand the surveillance and identification of patients most at risk of clinical deterioration. Collaboration with interns and residents (house staff) facilitated their involvement and response to RRT calls. Using quality data from 2005 to 2010, findings from this patient safety innovation address RRT utilization, frequency of non‐ICU code arrests, hospital mortality, and post‐arrest survival outcomes.
Information Aggregation in Search Committees ∗

This paper examines how information is aggregated by a committee that has to decide when to end search. Each period, committee members observe private signals about the current alternatives, then vote whether to accept one of these alternatives or continue searching. In a pure common values setting, we extend the result of Austen-Smith and Banks (1996) to this dynamic environment: the only voting rule that induces an equilibrium in which members vote informatively based on their private signals is the voting rule that corresponds to the optimal cut-off rule used by a social planner who observes everyone’s private information. This voting rule is uniquely efficient when committee members have homogenous preferences. ∗We thank participants of the UCSD theory lunch for useful comments. †Email: snali@ucsd.edu; Web: http://econ.ucsd.edu/∼snali; Address: 9500 Gilman Drive, Department of Economics, La Jolla, CA 92093-0508. ‡Email: abohren@sas.upenn. edu; Web: https://sites.google. com/site/aislinnbohren/; Address: 3718 Locust Walk, Department of Economics, Philadelphia, PA 19104.