Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organismal, genetic, and transcriptional variation in the deeply sequenced gut microbiomes of identical twins

We deeply sampled the organismal, genetic, and transcriptional diversity in fecal samples collected from a monozygotic (MZ) twin pair and compared the results to 1,095 communities from the gut and other body habitats of related and unrelated individuals. Using a new scheme for noise reduction in pyrosequencing data, we estimated the total diversity of species-level bacterial phylotypes in the 1.2-1.5 million bacterial 16S rRNA reads obtained from each deeply sampled cotwin to be ~800 (35.9%, 49.1% detected in both). A combined 1.1 million read 16S rRNA dataset representing 281 shallowly sequenced fecal samples from 54 twin pairs and their mothers contained an estimated 4,018 species-level phylotypes, with each sample having a unique species assemblage (53.4 ± 0.6% and 50.3 ± 0.5% overlap with the deeply sampled cotwins). Of the 134 phylotypes with a relative abundance of >0.1% in the combined dataset, only 37 appeared in >50% of the samples, with one phylotype in the Lachnospiraceae family present in 99%. Nongut communities had significantly reduced overlap with the deeply sequenced twins’ fecal microbiota (18.3 ± 0.3%, 15.3 ± 0.3%). The MZ cotwins’ fecal DNA was deeply sequenced (3.8-6.3 Gbp/sample) and assembled reads were assigned to 25 genus-level phylogenetic bins. Only 17% of the genes in these bins were shared between the cotwins. Bins exhibited differences in their degree of sequence variation, gene content including the repertoire of carbohydrate active enzymes present within and between twins (e.g., predicted cellulases, dockerins), and transcriptional activities. These results provide an expanded perspective about features that make each of us unique life forms and directions for future characterization of our gut ecosystems.
Survey on Mobile Computing Security

The popularity of Wireless Technology is continuously growing and is very demanding these days. This has attracted enough number hackers to try to turn the serious threat issues into reality. The technology in the areas of computers and communications is updated every second. The higher the technological growth, the more it is likely to become a target for the hackers. The same issues are faced by Mobile Technology, particularly Smart phones. Many users download mobile applications with little or no concern regarding security, providing a ready way for hackers to attack the device. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of mobile phones and why they need to be kept secure, different types of mobile threats and security issues arising from the use of mobile phones, the impact of these threats and solutions for the same.
Radiographic evaluation of the anconeal process in skeletally immature dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine if a secondary center of ossification (SCO) of the anconeal process is present in skeletally immature dogs that do not develop an ununited anconeal process (UAP). STUDY DESIGN Case series. ANIMALS Dogs 77-154 days of age with conditions other than developmental disease of the elbow (n=78 dogs; total elbows=100). METHODS Mediolateral radiographic projections of the elbow were reviewed for presence or absence of a SCO of the anconeal process. RESULTS A SCO was radiographically evident in 16% of elbows from breeds that have been reported to be affected by UAP. The appearance of the SCO was different to an UAP fragment. None of the elbows with SCO of the anconeal process developed UAP. A SCO was not present in any small breed dogs. CONCLUSIONS A SCO of the anconeal process is uncommon in medium and large breed dogs and the presence of a SCO does not indicate that UAP will develop. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Because radiographic diagnosis of a SCO of the anconeal process and UAP lesions have distinct appearances, an earlier diagnosis of UAP is possible.
Diurnal patterns of water use in Eucalyptus victrix indicate pronounced desiccation-rehydration cycles despite unlimited water supply.

Knowledge about nocturnal transpiration (E(night)) of trees is increasing and its impact on regional water and carbon balance has been recognized. Most of this knowledge has been generated in temperate or equatorial regions. Yet, little is known about E(night) and tree water use (Q) in semi-arid regions. We investigated the influence of atmospheric conditions on daytime (Q(day)) and nighttime water transport (Q(night)) of Eucalyptus victrix L.A. S. Johnson & K.D. Hill growing over shallow groundwater (not >1.5 m in depth) in semi-arid tropical Australia. We recorded Q(day) and Q(night) at different tree heights in conjunction with measurements of stomatal conductance (g(s)) and partitioned E(night) from refilling processes. Q of average-sized trees (200-400 mm diameter) was 1000-3000 l month(-1), but increased exponentially with diameter such that large trees (>500 mm diameter) used up to 8000 l month(-1). Q was remarkably stable across seasons. Water flux densities (J(s)) varied significantly at different tree heights during day and night. We show that g(s) remained significantly different from zero and E(night) was always greater than zero due to vapor pressure deficits (D) that remained >1.5 kPa at night throughout the year. Q(night) reached a maximum of 50% of Q(day) and was >0.03 mm h(-1) averaged across seasons. Refilling began during afternoon hours and continued well into the night. Q(night) eventually stabilized and closely tracked D(night). Coupling of Q(night) and D(night) was particularly strong during the wet season (R2 = 0.95). We suggest that these trees have developed the capacity to withstand a pronounced desiccation-rehydration cycle in a semi-arid environment. Such a cycle has important implications for local and regional hydrological budgets of semi-arid landscapes, as large nighttime water fluxes must be included in any accounting.
An alkB gene homolog is differentially transcribed during the Caulobacter crescentus cell cycle

A Caulobacter crescentus alkB gene homolog was identified in a clone previously shown to contain the heat shock genes dnaK and dnaJ; the homolog is located upstream of dnaK and is transcribed in the opposite orientation. An analysis of the alkB gene has shown that the deduced amino acid sequence is that of a 21-kDa protein, which is 42% identical and 78% similar to Escherichia coli AlkB. Furthermore, an alkB-null mutant was constructed by gene disruption and was shown to be highly sensitive to the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). However, the alkB gene of C. crescentus, unlike its E. coli counterpart, is not located downstream of the ada gene, and its transcription is not induced by alkylating agents. In addition, no acquired enhanced resistance to MMS toxicity by treatment with low MMS doses was observed, suggesting that no adaptive response occurs in C. crescentus. Nevertheless, transcription of the alkB gene is cell cycle controlled, with a pattern of expression similar to that of several Caulobacter genes involved in DNA replication.
Multisensory Integration Sites Identified by Perception of Spatial Wavelet Filtered Visual Speech Gesture Information

Perception of speech is improved when presentation of the audio signal is accompanied by concordant visual speech gesture information. This enhancement is most prevalent when the audio signal is degraded. One potential means by which the brain affords perceptual enhancement is thought to be through the integration of concordant information from multiple sensory channels in a common site of convergence, multisensory integration (MSI) sites. Some studies have identified potential sites in the superior temporal gyrus/sulcus (STG/S) that are responsive to multisensory information from the auditory speech signal and visual speech movement. One limitation of these studies is that they do not control for activity resulting from attentional modulation cued by such things as visual information signaling the onsets and offsets of the acoustic speech signal, as well as activity resulting from MSI of properties of the auditory speech signal with aspects of gross visual motion that are not specific to place of articulation information. This fMRI experiment uses spatial wavelet bandpass filtered Japanese sentences presented with background multispeaker audio noise to discern brain activity reflecting MSI induced by auditory and visual correspondence of place of articulation information that controls for activity resulting from the above-mentioned factors. The experiment consists of a low-frequency (LF) filtered condition containing gross visual motion of the lips, jaw, and head without specific place of articulation information, a midfrequency (MF) filtered condition containing place of articulation information, and an unfiltered (UF) condition. Sites of MSI selectively induced by auditory and visual correspondence of place of articulation information were determined by the presence of activity for both the MF and UF conditions relative to the LF condition. Based on these criteria, sites of MSI were found predominantly in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and the left STG/S (including the auditory cortex). By controlling for additional factors that could also induce greater activity resulting from visual motion information, this study identifies potential MSI sites that we believe are involved with improved speech perception intelligibility.
Direct visualization reveals dynamics of a transient intermediate during protein assembly

Interactions between proteins underlie numerous biological functions. Theoretical work suggests that protein interactions initiate with formation of transient intermediates that subsequently relax to specific, stable complexes. However, the nature and roles of these transient intermediates have remained elusive. Here, we characterized the global structure, dynamics, and stability of a transient, on-pathway intermediate during complex assembly between the Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) and its receptor. We show that this intermediate has overlapping but distinct interaction interfaces from that of the final complex, and it is stabilized by long-range electrostatic interactions. A wide distribution of conformations is explored by the intermediate; this distribution becomes more restricted in the final complex and is further regulated by the cargo of SRP. These results suggest a funnel-shaped energy landscape for protein interactions, and they provide a framework for understanding the role of transient intermediates in protein assembly and biological regulation.
Long‐term survival in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in Italy

Among 727 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) observed at eight pediatric clinics in Italy in the years 1967–1974, 200 (27.5%) survived for more than five years after diagnosis. The proportion of long‐term survivors rose significantly during the years 1970–1974 when aggressive therapeutic programs with curative intent were uniformly adopted in Italy (19.8% vs. 29.4%; P< 0.05). Clinical and laboratory data at diagnosis of the 200 long‐term survivors were analyzed and compared with that of the 527 nonsurvivors. We found that, besides a leukocyte count greater than 50,000 cells/mm3, other factors such as early central nervous system CNS leukemia and the presence of mediastinal mass were predictive of a poorer prognosis for long‐term survival. Life‐table analysis revealed that the chance of long‐term survival was significantly higher in those children who have survived for five years without relapse (82.9% vs. 24.1%; P< 0.01). Although late initial relapse is always possible, if a child with ALL remains in continuous complete remission for at least nine years, it is likely that the patient is cured.
Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter Isolated from Patients with Gastroenteritis in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana

Campylobacter is a leading causal agent of bacterial enteritis worldwide, but its prevalence is not well documented in Ghanaian hospitals. This study isolated Campylobacter species from patients with enteritis or urinary tract infections attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and assessed the antibiogram profile of isolated species. Two hundred and two (202) in-patients and outpatients samples of all age groups diagnosed with enteritis or UTI infections were analyzed from May 2013 to August 2013. Campylobacter species were detected using selective agar (mCCDA) and confirmed on API Campy system (bioMerieux, France), with disk diffusion method determined the resistance profile of the species. Of the 128 enteritis and 74 UTI patients samples analyzed, 26 and 9 isolates were respectively confirmed as Campylobacter spp. giving a prevalence of 17.3% (35/202). Species identified were C. jejuni (40%), C. jejuni sub sp. doylei (2.8%), C. coli (37%) and C. lari (20%). Resistance was 92.3% - 100% each to erythromycin and the β-lactams, 61.5% - 86.7% to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, 92.3% - 93.3% to tetracycline, 46.2% - 80% to chloramphenicol, 0% - 60% to aminoglycosides and 0% to imipenem. Multidrug resistance of 97.1% was detected among species. Empirical treatment of Campylobacter enteritis with erythromycin and other common and cheap drugs may result in treatment failure in the face of high level resistance observed among the Campylobacter species.
Numerical analysis of radio-frequency sheath-plasma interactions in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies

A new finite element numerical scheme for analyzing self-consistent radio-frequency (RF) sheath-plasma interaction problems in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies is applied to various problems represented by simplified models for the tokamak scrape-off layer. The present code incorporates a modified boundary condition, which is called a sheath boundary condition, that couples the radio-frequency waves and sheaths at the material boundaries by treating the sheath as a thin vacuum layer. A series of numerical analyses in one- and two-dimensional domains show several important physical properties, such as the existence of multiple roots, hysteresis effects, presence and characteristics of the sheath-plasma waves, and the phase shift of a reflected slow wave, some of which are newly identified by introducing a spatially varying plasma density and background magnetic field.
Resident Behavior and Staff Distress in the Nursing Home

Newly enacted Federal regulations have focused increasing attention on the use of psychoactive drugs and on the treatment of disruptive behavior in the nursing home. To study the interaction between resident behavior and staff distress in nursing homes, we measured the frequency of seven types of behavior problems among 346 residents of intermediate care facilities who were receiving some form of psychoactive medication. Nurses were interviewed on two shifts to determine their perception of the frequency and severity of each behavior in each patient as well as the level of distress it caused among caregivers. The most common behavior problems noted were agitation (42%), withdrawal (33%), and noisiness (27%). Only half of the reported instances of behavior disorders were considered distressful by nursing home staff. While physical abuse caused distress 92% of the time and verbal abuse 90% of the time, wandering was seen as distressful to staff only 50% of the time. Nearly a third of “wandering” patients were restrained; they produced less distress than non‐restrained wanderers.
Internet-delivered transdiagnostic and tailored cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Anxiety and depressive disorders are often comorbid. Transdiagnostic and tailored treatments seem to be promising approaches in dealing with comorbidity. Although several primary studies have examined the effects of Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) for anxiety and depression, no meta-analysis including different types of iCBT that address comorbidity has been conducted so far. We conducted systematic searches in databases up to 1 July 2016. Only randomized trials comparing transdiagnostic/tailored iCBT for adult anxiety and/or depression with control groups were included. Nineteen randomized trials with a total of 2952 participants that met inclusion criteria were analyzed. The quality of the studies was high, however the blinding criteria were not fulfilled. The uncontrolled effect size (Hedges’ g) of transdiagnostic/tailored iCBT on anxiety and depression outcomes was large and medium for quality of life. The controlled effect size for iCBT on anxiety and depression outcomes was medium to large (anxiety: g = .82, 95% CI: .58–1.05, depression: g = .79, 95% CI: .59–1.00) and medium on quality of life (g = .56, 95% CI: .37–.73). Heterogeneity was small (quality of life) to moderate (anxiety, depression). There was a large effect on generic outcome measures and a moderate effect on comorbidities. When compared to disorder-specific treatments there were no differences on anxiety and quality of life outcomes, however there were differences in depression outcomes. Transdiagnostic and tailored iCBT are effective interventions for anxiety disorders and depression. Future studies should investigate mechanisms of change and develop outcome measures for these interventions.
Evaluation of the relationship between upper intercanine and inner canthal distances in selected patients

Esthetics is one of the important treatment goals in prosthetic dentistry. The correct choice of anterior teeth in terms of size and appearance is very effective to the success of the prosthetic treatment. One of the ways to determine the size of the anterior teeth is using facial indices. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the upper intercanine width and the inner intercanthal distance. In this crosssectional study, 114 patients admitted to the Guilan Faculty of Dentistry (62 women and 52 men), over the age of 18 who were eligible, were randomly selected. Inner intercanthal distance and the distance between the tips of the upper canines were measured with a digital caliper. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coeffi cient analysis, independent and paired t-test. The mean of intercanthal distance and intercanine width was 30.75 and 34.56mm, respectively. A signifi cant relationship existed between intercanthal distance and intercanine width. It was found the biometric ratio of 1 to 1.13 could be used to estimate intercanine width. These results could be used as a helpful guide for selection of anterior teeth width in the population of patients. This biometric ratio may not be reliable in women.
Evaluating the Influence of Haptic Force-Feedback on 3D Selection Tasks using Natural Egocentric Gestures

Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) allow participants to interact with their 3D surroundings using natural hand gestures. Previous work shows that the addition of haptic feedback cues improves performance on certain 3D tasks. However, we believe this is not true for all situations. Depending on the difficulty of the task, we suggest that we should expect differences in the ballistic movement of our hands when presented with different types of haptic force-feedback conditions. We investigated how hard, soft and no haptic force-feedback responses, experienced when in contact with the surface of an object, affected user performance on a task involving selection of multiple targets. To do this, we implemented a natural egocentric selection interaction technique by integrating a two-handed large-scale force-feedback device in to a CAVETM-like IVE system. With this, we performed a user study where we show that participants perform selection tasks best when interacting with targets that exert soft haptic force-feedback cues. For targets that have hard and no force-feedback properties, we highlight certain associated hand movement that participants make under these conditions, that we hypothesise reduce their performance.
Multidetector CT (MDCT) Findings Of Primary Hepatic Lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the triphasic multidetector CT (MDCT) finding of primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included eighteen patients. Each patient presented with primary hepatobiliary lymphoma without associated lymphadenopathy or other visceral involvement. Triphasic CT scanning was performed on one of two systems (64 MD CT) in 12 patients and (6 MDCT) in 6 patients. All eighteen patients underwent ultrasound percutaneous trucut liver biopsy using 18-gauge biopsy needle. Pathology was confirmed on all cases. RESULTS Four of eighteen patients presented with a single focal lesion. Thirteen of eighteen patients presented with multiple well defined focal lesions. One patient presented with a diffuse hepatic involvement. On triphasic CT, three patients showed gradual progressive contrast enhancement. Lesions remained isodense to the liver on the arterial phase with mild enhancement in the portal phase and showed washout on the delayed phase in two patients. The remaining thirteen patients showed multiple hypodense non-enhancing lesions. CONCLUSIONS PHL presents a wide spectrum of imaging findings on triphasic MDCT with no characteristic imaging pattern. MDCT can be used for detection of the lesion and biopsy is used for diagnosis. PHL should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a liver focal lesion either single or multiple.
Study to Evaluate Prevalence, Severity and Extension of Gingival Recession in the Adult Population of Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra State in India

The gingival recession was evaluated in 400 subjects aged more than 20 years, looking for dental treatment at Rural Dental College and Hospital, Loni, Maharashtra, India. Clinical examination was conducted by a single examiner and analysis of four surfaces (mesial, buccal, distal and lingual) was done. The gingival recession was measured in millimeters from the cementoenamel junction to the gingival margin with the help of UNC-15 periodontal probe. The recessions were scored by the criteria suggested by P. D. Miller. The study showed the prevalence, extension and severity of the gingival recession increased as age advances. Class I and Class II gingival recessions were the most prevalent in subjects less than 40 years old whereas from 40-49 years of age class III gingival recession was more common, in subjects older than 50 years, class IV gingival recession was more prevalent and it was mainly of generalized in distribution. The mandibular teeth displayed more surfaces with gingival recession than the maxillary teeth and the mandibular incisors were the most affected. Such high prevalence of gingival recession in adult subjects demonstrates that dental professionals should provide attention to the clinical significance, etiologic factors and management of gingival recession.