Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation of a bird community on a new island, Surtsey, Iceland

The present paper summarizes bird observations from Surtsey, iceland since the formation of the island in 1963 until 2008. Continuous observations were maintained in the early years of the island; in spring and autumn 1967–1971 and summers 1970–1973. Since then much of the bird observations are incidental by various scientists and bird watchers visiting the island for a limited period. Different aspects of the bird fauna are examined, the at-sea bird community, vagrants, migrant species, and winter birds, while emphasis is placed on the formation of the breeding bird community. With increasing numbers of breeding species and size of breeding populations as the years passed more structured census of the breeders was needed. Hence whole island censuses were organized in 1990 and 2003. Ringing has been carried out on five occasions. in total 91 bird species have been recorded on or offshore from the island. The first birds started breeding in 1970, Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle and Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis. A total of fourteen species have since bred on the island. Four species of large gulls breed (mostly in one colony); Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus (bred first in 1974), Herring Gull Larus argentatus (1981), Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus (~1985), and Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus (1993). The colony, starting to form in 1984, has been particularly important for furthering the development of plant and invertebrate communities. Through the fertilizing agency complete vegetation cover is now found in the oldest part of the gull colony. This development has paved the way for terrestrial birds to start breeding; Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis (1996), Greylag Goose Anser anser (~2001) and Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis (~2003). other breeding species are kittiwake Rissa tridactyla (1975) and White Wagtail Motacilla alba (~2003), but Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea (1975) has not bred since 1978. in 1990 the island had 316 breeding pairs of six species. in 2003 eleven species bred on the island with a total of about 850 breeding pairs. After 2003 two more species have started breeding, Common Puffin Fratercula arctica (2004) and Raven Corvus corax (2008). Surtsey island was entered on the UNESCo World Heritage list in 2008, not the least for the long history of research and monitoring of various aspects of the island’s natural history. As the breeding bird fauna develops a structured bird monitoring program becomes the more important. Recommendations on how this should be carried out are presented in the paper.
Original methods and tools used for studies on the body balance disturbation tolerance skills of the Polish judo athletes from 1976 to 2016

Background & Study Aim: As far as judo and other combat sports are concerned, the specificity of maintaining a stable posture is related to the distortions generated by a competitor and their offensive activity as well as defensive or motor preparatory actions. Body balance disturbation tolerance skills (BBDTS) result in situations during which an athlete maintains contact with the ground with only one leg and often only part of the foot in conditions of great dynamics of action of both participants. Meanwhile, specialists recommend balance tests (related in particular to the so-called static balance) which involve maintaining the stable posture for a relatively long time. It does not matter whether a person is standing on one leg (e.g. Flamingo Balance Test). Lack of the most important factor – disturbance of balance by external forces and/or their dynamic activity. The purpose of this review is knowledge about the original evaluation methods, and results of the BBDTS exhibited by Polish judo athletes from 1976 to 2016. Material & Methods: A major review of articles published in years 1980-2016 pertains to the results of Polish judo athletes of different ages, varied training practice and sporting achievements. The results of original methods and tools applied by Polish scientists are based on the Marching Test (preceded by the throwing a judoka off balance using Barany’s chair) and the “Rotational Test”. These observations are analysed in respect of the results of the recommended tests (mainly Flamingo Balance Test) related to judo athletes and reference groups (people who do not practice sports, combat sports athletes, practising other sports, firefighters, bodyguards, military cadets). Results: The results of applied non-apparatus and quasi-apparatus tests provide the most convincing evidence that judo and other combat sports optimally stimulate BBDTS at the initial stage of sports training. Review of original studies conducted by Polish scientists on the phenomenon of BBDTS also produces a proof of the development of coaching thoughts. Conclusions: Original studies on BBDTS with use of non-apparatus and quasi-apparatus tests carried out for the last 40 years in Poland involve the general use of the “Rotational Test” at every stage of the multi-annual training (from selection for healthrelated training to judo or another combat sports). The question of intercorrelation between and impact of Flamingo Balance Test, Marching Test, “Rotational Test” on posterior adaptive effects of the training and sporting achievements obtained by each selected group is an interesting matter of cognitive and application nature to be tackled.
Copper (Cu) stress affects carbon and antioxidant metabolism in Coffea arabica seedlings

Although copper is a micronutrient essential for the normal development of plants, both insufficient and supra optimal doses can disrupt the functioning of metabolism and the production of biomass. To study the biochemical and physiological impacts of deficiency and excess of copper in coffee, we treated 6-month-old seedlings of Coffea arabica L. Catuaí cultivar to three copper treatments: control (0.03 ppm), excess (0.12 ppm) and deficiency (0 ppm) for 60 days. The changes in levels of photosynthetic pigments, biomass allocation, carbohydrate partitioning, antioxidant system and proline levels were evaluated. Under deficiency and excess of copper coffee seedlings showed lower levels of chlorophyll, reduction on dry weight of shoot, lower sugar levels and higher content of hydrogen peroxide. We also observed increased levels of proline and enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system, providing conditions for the reduction of oxidative stress triggered by nutritional imbalance. In general, the results showed that coffee plants invest in antioxidant defense system as an alternative to maintain redox balance when exposed to deficiency or excess copper. However, it is not effective to prevent an increase in lipid peroxidation. Authors may indicate an optimum range for application of copper in coffee.
Verb second in Afrikaans : is this a unitary phenomenon?

The Verb Second (V2) phenomenon is a syntactic characteristic which features, to a greater or lesser extent, in all the Germanic languages. What it entails is the obligatory occurrence of finite verbs (Vfs) in clause-second position, following some initial (usually phrasal) constituent. The nature of the initial phrasal constituent is not restricted in any way, with subjects, objects, adverbials, negative phrases, and wh-phrases all qualifying as potential first position elements.
Institutional environment and institutional logics in construction safety management: the case of climatic heat stress on site

Although climatic heat stress can be fully brought under control and prevented from causing short-term or long-term damage to the human body in laboratory experiments, the expected effect of interventions are however often lost in the practice on construction site as frontline personnel are driven by conflicting institutional logics in their specific institutional environment. The paper presents a comparative study between Hong Kong and Mainland China in the case of climatic heat stress management on construction sites. Specifically, we look into how societal culture as institutional logics leads workers and managers to their pragmatic or normative behaviours that deviate from the expected outcome of safety management. Two competing institutional logics in construction safety management are identified and discussed, i.e., production logic and prevention logic. Comparative analysis of the Chinese samples under two different institutional environments identifies two distinct society-level cultural logics that shape personal strategies of reconciling safety and production goals, i.e., Confucianism logic and Chinese pragmatism logic. Their implications on construction safety management are further discussed.
The Impact of Chinese Import Penetration on Danish Firms and Workers

The impact of imports from low-wage countries on domestic labor market outcomes has been a hotly debated issue for decades. The recent surge in imports from China has reignited this debate. Since the 1980s several developed economies have experienced contemporaneous increases in the volume of imports and in the wage gap between high- and low-skilled workers. However, the literature has not been able to document a strong causal relationship between imports and the wage gap. Instead, past studies have attributed the widening wage gap to skill biased technological change. This paper …nds evidence for the direct impact of low wage imports on the wage gap. Using detailed Danish panel data for …rms and workers,
Variability in transport of fish eggs and larvae. III. Effects of hydrodynamics and larval behaviour on recruitment in plaice

Transport of plaice eggs and larvae in the southern North Sea was modelled using a finite-volume advection-dispersion model with high spatial and temporal resolution. Hydrodynamic forcing was based on actual river discharge and meteorological data for a 7 mo period in the winter and spring of 1989 and 1996 to 2003. Egg and larval development was linked to temperature and each developmental stage had its own physical and behavioural properties. Two hypotheses on trans- port mechanisms in the late larval stages were compared: passive drift versus selective tidal stream transport (triggered by environmental cues). Modelled larval stage durations closely corresponded to empirical estimates based on otolith daily ring counts. Close correspondence was also observed between model results and survey data on settlement in the western Wadden Sea, especially for the abundance of the strong 1996 year-class and the early settlement of the 2002 year-class. Transport patterns and the proportion of larvae reaching inshore nurseries varied substantially between years. Recruitment was negatively correlated with the distance over which eggs and larvae were trans- ported, probably because of a breakdown in connectivity between spawning and nursery areas with increased transport rates. In conclusion, meteorologically driven variability in the hydrodynamics of the southern North Sea greatly affects the transport patterns of plaice eggs and larvae and may play an important role in determining recruitment variability and spatial connectivity.
Financial Development in Kenya: a Dynamic Test of the Finance-led Growth Hypothesis

This study examines the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth in Kenya using a dynamic Granger causality model. The study has been motivated by the current debate on the inter-temporal causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in developing countries. The thrust of this debate has been whether there exists a finance-led growth response or a growth-led finance response between the two variables. To this end the study uses three proxies of financial development against real GDP per capita (a proxy for economic growth). The empirical results reveal that, although the causality between financial development and economic growth in Kenya is sensitive to the choice of measure for financial development, on balance the demand following response tends to predominate. The study, therefore, concludes that the argument that financial development unambiguously leads to economic growth can only be taken with a pinch of salt.
The Effective Role of Visiting Lecturers in the Courses of Supply Chain Management

Supply chain management has a significant contribution in the firms’ performance, while inefficient supply chain can be burden on the firm’s financial statement. The knowledge of supply chain need to be polish to achieve maximum benefits. A number of universities have started specialization in supply chain management, which is a good step, but to make lecture effective, universities need to hire skilled and professional teachers and also need to take help from the industrial experts to deliver couple of lectures as a guest speaker. Students cannot learn everything from the book, industrial experts cannot only share their own experience but also can share implantation of theory.
Estimation of the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate in Russia: Trade-Balance Approach

The paper estimates the equilibrium real exchange rate (ERER) in Russia for 1995-20065 using the partial-equilibrium version of the trade-balance approach. The three-good framework is applied, allowing distinction between the RER for imports and RER for exports. The terms of trade are viewed as exogenous. Russia’s export demand is regarded as infinitely price elastic, implying the estimation of export supply function. Russian imports are assumed to be demand determined. The estimation of the trade-volume equations is based on the search of cointegrating relationships. The import elasticities are in line with estimates obtained in other studies. The estimations for the export supply equation confirm “supply elasticity pessimism”. The ERER simulations reveal the degree of rouble overvaluation of 25%-40%, depending on the measure of the RER used, before the August 1998 crisis. In recent years, given the surge in oil prices and pro-active exchange rate policy of the Bank of Russia, the rouble appears to be substantially undervalued. In 2004-2006, given the surge in oil prices and pro-active exchange rate policy of the Bank of Russia, the rouble appears to be substantially undervalued: by 40-70% on average, depending on the measure of the RER used.
The Perceived Importance of Cultural Priority for Global Business Operations: A Study of Malaysian Managers

The importance of understanding culture is vital for establishing effective business practices in the global arena. This study explored the perceived importance of cultural priority for global business operations among 132 Malaysian managers, who were attending the executive managerial development programme at Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. The empirical evidence shows that managerial perceptions and behaviours are affected by the cultural priority, but there is a transition towards a crossvergence management practice. These results are discussed in terms of the convergence – divergence – crossvergence debate against a backdrop of substantial transformation of the external environment of globalisation and advanced information technologies, that are fast changing the traditional and contemporary business practices.
The effect of an ambient flow on the spreading of a viscous gravity current

The influence of an external laminar flow on the spreading of a viscous gravity current moving over a horizontal floor is studied theoretically and experimentally. The viscous stress exerted by the ambient flow drives the viscous gravity current streamwise with a velocity proportional to the local height of the current. The one-way coupling between the ambient flow and the spread of the current is examined. Similarity and numerical solutions are developed to describe viscous gravity currents spreading from line and point sources. An experimental study of the spreading of viscous gravity currents issuing from a point source in a channel flow, for both constant-flux and instantaneous releases, confirms the essential character of this description.
Relativistic Landau Models and Generation of Fuzzy Spheres

Noncommutative geometry naturally emerges in low energy physics of Landau models as a consequence of level projection. In this work, we proactively utilize the level projection as an effective tool to generate fuzzy geometry. The level projection is specifically applied to the relativistic Landau models. In the first half of the paper, a detail analysis of the relativistic Landau problems on a sphere is presented, where a concise expression of the Dirac–Landau operator eigenstates is obtained based on algebraic methods. We establish SU(2) “gauge” transformation between the relativistic Landau model and the Pauli–Schrodinger nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. After the SU(2) transformation, the Dirac operator and the angular momentum operators are found to satisfy the SO(3, 1) algebra. In the second half, the fuzzy geometries generated from the relativistic Landau levels are elucidated, where unique properties of the relativistic fuzzy geometries are clarified. We consider mass deformation of the relativistic Landau models and demonstrate its geometrical effects to fuzzy geometry. Super fuzzy geometry is also constructed from a supersymmetric quantum mechanics as the square of the Dirac–Landau operator. Finally, we apply the level projection method to real graphene system to generate valley fuzzy spheres.
Unstable operation of the turbine aircraft engine

The article presents reasons for generating a non-uniform field of parameters in the compressor inlet of a turbine aircraft engine and its influence on the air jet kinematics at lowering fatigue strength of the compressor blade. Analysis of the engine torque in function of the engine operation time has been performed. Courses of the basic turbine engine operation parameters during compressor stall have been presented. The significant role of changes of the first torque derivative in relation to variation of the rotor acceleration in that assessment has been determined, which may be an important signal of the compressor surge occurring in the compressor. That parameter may be a signal for the control system to eliminate the negative phenomenon. The engine dynamics during the compressor surge has also been presented by developing the phase images of the engine operation basic parameters. The article includes analysis of dynamical changes in temperature of the combustion gases.
Incorporation of dried apple pomace pulp powder in bread

Apple pomace pulp powder of different juice recoveries was incorporated in refined flour as a source of dietary fibre for preparation of bread. The level of incorporation was standardized to the ratio of 70:30 (flour: pomace). Apple pulp powder was taken for comparison between pomace powders. A control treatment (refined flour alone) was also run. Addition of pomace decreased the loaf volume of bread. It also affected the colour of bread loaf giving brown to dark brown colour. The crumb colour of treated breads was brownish cream. The breads were less soft in texture and were having slightly coarse grains. The control loaf was light brown in colour and was having creamish colour crumbs with soft texture and fine grains.
IOWA, U.S., COMMUNITIES BENEFIT FROM A TREE-PLANTING PROGRAM: CHARACTERISTICS OF RECENTLY PLANTED TREES

Since 1990, externally funded tree-planting activities have taken place in more than 350 Iowa, U.S., communities. The species diversity, survival, size, growth, carbon uptake, carbon storage, and pollution removal of 932 trees planted in 21 communities of different sizes and in different parts of Iowa were assessed by repeated measurements over a 4-year period. The sample included 40 taxa and was dominated by crabapples ( Malus spp.) and green ash ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.). Species diversity was described using the reciprocal of Simpson’s index for the overall population (10.92), by community size, and by location in the state. No differences in species diversity were detected according to community size or location in the state. Overall survival rate for the trees was 91%; no significant differences in survival rate related to community size or location were detected. Estimated carbon stored all lb), and carbon uptake was estimated to be 568 kg yr –1 (1,250 lb). Total pollution removal by all trees was estimated at 2 kg yr –1 (4.4 lb).
Sero-Prevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease in Backyard Chickens at Selected Woredas of Eastern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2012 to May 2013 to determine the seroprevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in backyard chickens and assess the potential risk factors at selected Woredas of Eastern Ethiopia. The multistage sampling method involved for collection of serum samples and serological test (using ProFLOK® PLUS indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) kits was conducted at National Veterinary Institute. Out of 552 serum samples tested, 458 (83%) were positive for the disease. Among the assessed risk factors, age, breed and Woredas were statistically significant difference with the occurrence of the disease (p 0.05). Higher seroprevalence of the infection was recorded in 3-6 weeks, 360 (94.5%) age groups. Based on breed wise prevalence, cross breed (90.5%) was highly infected than local breed. The highest prevalence was recorded in Wenji woreda (92.1%). In general the study indicated high prevalent of Infectious Bursal Disease in the study areas. Thus, further study should be conducted to determine whether the chicken population in the study area needs vaccination or not. Keywords: Seroprevalence, Infectious Bursal Disease, Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Backyard Chicken, Central Ethiopia
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Among Parturient Women in Shanghai: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Breastfeeding self-efficacy has been shown to be a strong predictor of breastfeeding initiation and duration; however, factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy in China are unclear. Research aims: The aims were (a) to describe the breastfeeding self-efficacy of parturient women in Shanghai, China and (b) to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study. Through convenience sampling, breastfeeding mothers (N = 801) were recruited to assess breastfeeding self-efficacy before discharge from the hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the sociodemographic and perinatal characteristics, level of breastfeeding self-efficacy, and correlations between them. Results: In the process of breastfeeding, 52.2% (n = 418) of participants encountered breastfeeding problems, 37.1% (n = 297) perceived an insufficient milk supply, 82.4% (n = 660) reported attending breastfeeding classes, but only 37.1% (n = 297) chose exclusive breastfeeding. Chinese mothers reported a moderate level of breastfeeding self-efficacy, with an item mean score of 3.67 (score = 1–5). Whether or not encountering breastfeeding problems, infant feeding pattern (fully breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding, no breastfeeding) in the previous 24 hours, whether or not perceiving insufficient milk, and main caregiver’s positive attitude toward breastfeeding (ranging from 1 to10, higher score indicating more positive attitude) were correlated with participants’ breastfeeding self-efficacy score. (The correlation coefficients were −0.432, 0.377, −0.364, and 0.353, respectively.) Conclusion: The misperception of insufficient milk and main caregiver’s attitude toward breastfeeding were important factors for breastfeeding self-efficacy. Greater efforts should be made during breastfeeding education and support.