Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Where Are We Now? Research Trends in the Learning Sciences

Towards gaining a better understanding of the field of the Learning Sciences, this research investigates the research trends over 10 years. It also compares the Learning Sciences with the closely related academic fields of Educational Technology and Educational Psychology. A content analysis is performed on 5187 journal articles drawing from 12 top journals from 2003 to 2012. This content analysis was semi-automated and guided by an initial theoretical frame. The results reveal that research trends in the Learning Sciences have remained largely consistent except in the area of individual differences and affect, which has increased over the years. Key strengths of Learning Sciences include research on small group learning, inquiry, problem solving, argumentation, and mixed-methods. As the LS reflects on its state of practice, it should recognize that the field has achieved many research distinctives, yet, there are several opportunities for further research growth.
Ethics in Accounting and the Reliability of Financial Information

One of the unique features of most recognized trades and vocations including the highly regulated accounting profession is the existence of code of ethics which are the hallmarks of global best practices. The society evaluates the performance of professionals on the basis of both moral and technical codes. Adherence to these codes by the practitioners of the profession inspires confidence in the work of the professional by shareholders who depends on the auditor’s opinion as a means of evaluating the integrity of financial statements. The huge and embarrassing corporate failures and high profile frauds in the last two decades has called to question the integrity of the accounting profession both within and from outside the profession, leading to increased demands for ethics within the auditing profession. This study highlights the consequences of unethical practices and proposes some possible solutions to the question of ethics in the accounting profession. Keywords: Ethics, reliability, financial information.
Officers’ Fiduciary Duties and Acquisition Outcomes

A Delaware case law recognized officers’ distinct fiduciary duties (OFDs) for the first time in 2009. I use this legal event as a natural experiment to examine the effect of OFDs on corporate acquisition decisions. I find that firms whose officers were protected from market discipline prior to 2009 experienced increased announcement-period abnormal stock returns after the event, mainly because post-event acquisitions by these firms created more synergies and reduced officers’ control. These firms also increased liability insurance premium expenditures, but reduced value-decreasing acquisition frequencies after the event. Furthermore, I find that the effect of OFDs is more pronounced at firms where officers are not directors (thus, do not have access to liability insurance), have wealth risk, face less product market competition, are insulated from the market for corporate control, or are able to avoid board monitoring. Overall results suggest that OFDs are a critical corporate governance mechanism that works in tandem with other disciplinary mechanisms.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor : 2009 Global Report

This 11th report in the GEM series focuses on the impact of the recession on entrepreneurship and the extent to which entrepreneurship can help reverse a downward economic trend. Also included are: 1) a special report on global perspectives of social entrepreneurship; 2) an analysis of the impact of the recession on funding to support new businesses; and 3) updates on entrepreneurial attitudes and perceptions, entrepreneurial activity, and entrepreneurial aspirations.
Teaching Grammar Through Cultural Presentations: Investigating the Effects of a Guided Inductive and a Deductive Approach on the Learning of Grammar and Culture in Intermediate-Level College French

Teaching Grammar Through Cultural Presentations: Investigating the Effects of a Guided Inductive and a Deductive Approach on the Learning of Grammar and Culture in Intermediate-Level College French By Séverine P. Vogel This study was designed to integrate culture into the teaching of grammar in an intermediate-level French course. It focused on eight grammatical structures taught via eight cultural topics. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether a guided inductive or a deductive instructional approach most effectively promoted the learning of the targeted forms as well as grammatical accuracy in writing tasks. The study also examined whether a guided inductive or a deductive approach that presented grammar in a cultural context would affect the retention of culture. Through a within-subjects design, this study compared the effects of a guided inductive approach (Adair-Hauck, Donato & Cumo-Johanssen, 2005; Herron & Tomasello, 1992) and a traditional deductive approach on students’ short and long-term learning of grammatical structures and retention of cultural information. A secondary goal was to investigate students’ preferences for each instructional approach, as well as their opinions regarding the integration of culture into grammar lessons. The effects of the approaches on students’ grammar performances were measured through a grammar pretest, immediate post-treatment tests, writing tasks, and a delayed posttest. Students’ retention of culture was assessed via immediate post-treatment tests and a pretest/posttest comparison. Relationships between instructional preferences and performances were examined. The participants were 25 students enrolled in a thirdsemester French course. Findings indicated a significantly greater effect of the guided inductive approach on students’ immediate grammar performances. Long-term analyses showed a significant improvement of grammar knowledge over time in both treatment conditions. Analyses of the culture pre/posttest indicated a significant improvement in cultural knowledge over time, but no interaction effect. A majority of students stated a preference for the deductive approach. No significant relationship between students’ preference and performances were found. A majority of students enjoyed learning grammar in a cultural context, although several expressed feelings of cognitive overload. The results of this study suggested that culture could be integrated into the study of grammar. They indicated that a collaborative approach to constructing rule explanations could benefit intermediate-level students’ learning of grammar. Active involvement and hypothesis testing can lead to increased grammar performance in a foreign language classroom. Teaching Grammar Through Cultural Presentations: Investigating the Effects of a Guided Inductive and a Deductive Approach on the Learning of Grammar and Culture in Intermediate-Level College French
Solo Creative City Network: Development of Household Waste Creative Industry as Market Engine of Tourism Industry

Joyosuran village in Pasar Kliwon sub district, Surakarta city, is populous village. In such condition, household rubbish will be disturbance, either in health or eyeshot aspect. Based on this condition, good rubbish management is necessary, so that it can be useful for society. Development of rubbish management program can use 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle). There are many potential things that can be developed, related to rubbish management, into saleable creative-innovative products. Society base rubbish management concept will increase value added when society have mindset of green entrepreneurship, which is environment-oriented entrepreneurship spirit. This program, hopefully, will make society love their environment by taking responsibility as well as empowering potential development. Research methods are observation, discussion, and questionnaire filling to observes and looks for solutions with society related to products of rubbish processing. Approach method that will be used is participative approach. Discussion of best concept about product determination and design have been done. It will be useful to supports daily life needs as well as interesting product for customer, so that it can increases income added to society.
Corporate Leverage and Employees' Rights in Bankruptcy

Corporate leverage responds differently to employees' legal protection in bankruptcy depending on whether leverage is chosen to curtail workers' bargaining power or is driven by credit constraints. Using newly collected cross-country data on employees' rights in corporate bankruptcy, we estimate the impact of such rights on firms' capital structure, applying triple-diff strategies that exploit time-series, cross-country and firm-level variation. The estimates show that leverage increases more substantially in response to rises in corporate property values or in profitability at firms where employees have strong seniority in liquidation and weak rights in restructuring, consistently with the strategic use of leverage.
Stakeholder pressures, CSR practices, and business outcomes in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands

This cross-country study investigates the antecedents and outcomes of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. Based on institutional theory and stakeholder theory, we conducted an empirical study among 519 firms in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. We found evidence that supports a significant positive relationship between stakeholder pressures, CSR practices, and business outcomes in the total sample. While our data reveals similarities between the three countries, differences in some areas can be observed as well. Implications for institutional theory and for CSR are derived.
Student Participation, Interaction, and Regulation in a Computer-Mediated Communication Environment: A Qualitative Study

This case study provides a description of student interaction and participation within a computer-mediated environment in an experimental offering of a plant science lab course. Based on structured classroom observation, interviews, and surveys with students and teachers this study examines 1) how a CMC pattern of discourse differs from a face-to-face pattern of discussion in a class setting; 2) whether students participating in a CMC activity produce a discourse that reflects the level of thinking and sharing of ideas desired by the instructor; and 3) how the computer-based interface facilitates and/or inhibits communication between students. This study shows that the CMC-based activities offers an alternative pattern of interaction which differs from the face-to-face pattern in some, but not all ways. The CMC discourse encourages experimentation, sharing of early ideas, increased and more distributed participation, and collaborative thinking. However, for some students the CMC activities are confusing and inhibiting because of the lack of social cues and multiple threads of simultaneous topics—the same features that appeal to other students. Successful use of CMC activities requires a classroom social environment that encourages peer interaction. Equally important is the selection of engaging tasks that are structured enough to diminish confusion but still allow spontaneity and experimentation. Teachers also need to find ways to directly link the CMC discussions to prior and upcoming learning activities so that students will see the value in creating a discourse that they will want to refer to and use in other class activities.
Financial Development and Industrial Pollution

We study the impact of financial market development on industrial pollution in a large panel of countries and industries over the period 1974-2013. We find a strong positive impact of credit markets, but a strong negative impact of stock markets, on aggregate CO2 emissions per capita. Industry-level analysis shows that stock market development (but not credit market development) is associated with cleaner production processes in technologically "dirty" industries. These industries also produce more green patents as stock markets develop. Moreover, our results suggest that stock markets (credit markets) reallocate investment towards more (less) carbon-efficient sectors. Together, these findings indicate that the evolution of a country's financial structure helps explain the non-linear relationship between economic development and environmental quality documented in the literature.
The development of memory for actions

Adult studies have revealed superior retention for action words and phrases that are performed at encoding versus verbally encoded: the Subject-Performed-Task or SPT effect (e.g., Cohen 1981). Other studies demonstrate that information related to to-beperformed actions is more accessible from memory than other types of information: the Intention Superiority Effect or ISE (e.g. Goschke & Kuhl 1993; Marsh, Hicks & Bink 1998). Recent research suggests some degree of similarity between the processes underlying these effects (Freeman & Ellis 2003b). Experiments 1-3 explore this proposal by examining the developmental trajectory of these phenomena across young adults, 9- and 11-year-old participants. Interestingly while the SPT effect was observed in all age groups, the ISE was only present in the young adults, indicating some differences between the processing underlying these phenomena. Experiments 4-6 focused on another aspect of memory for actions, Prospective Memory or memory for delayed intentions. Related research includes an investigation into the effects of encoding modality on children’s prospective memory by Passolunghi, Brandimonte and Cornoldi (1995) who found that younger (7-8 years) children benefited from visual encoding of a prospective memory task instruction while older children (10- 11 years) benefited from motoric encoding. Experiments 4-5 assigned children from different age groups to one of three encoding conditions (visual, verbal, motoric) and presented prospective instructions for target items. Experiment 4 revealed no encoding modality benefits between 7-, 9- and 11-yearolds, although there was a developmental trend, particularly between the 7- and 11-yearolds. Experiment 5 failed to reveal any age-related improvement between 9- and 11- year-olds. Experiment 6 examined whether prospective remembering in Experiment 5 was related to executive functioning and identified predictors following motoric and visual encoding. The overall findings are discussed with reference to the deployment of attentional resources and to current theories of the development of executive functioning.
Connectivity of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks with Continuous Node Distribution Patterns

The connectivity of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANets) can be affected by the special distribution patterns, usually dependent and non-uniform, of vehicles in a transportation network. In this study, we introduce a new framework for computing the connectivity in a VANet for continuous distribution patterns of communication nodes on a line in a transportation network. With this model, we obtain a new closed-form solution to the connectivity when communication nodes follow homogeneous Poisson distributions and a recursive model when communication nodes follow non-homogeneous Poisson distributions. In the same framework, we derive an approximate closed-form solution to the connectivity when distribution patterns of communication nodes are given by spatial renewal processes. With the developed models, we also discussed the impacts on connectivity of road-side stations and different distribution patterns of vehicles. Given continuous traffic conditions, the connectivity model could be helpful for designing routing protocols in VANets and implementing vehicle-infrastructure integration systems.
Convergent Analysis and Algorithmic Improvement of Differential Evolution

To analyze the convergence of differential evolution(DE) and enhance its capability and stability,this paper first defines a differential operator(DO) as a random mapping from the solution space to the Cartesian product of solution space,and proves the asymptotic convergence of DE based on the random contraction mapping theorem in random functional analysis theory.Then,inspired by"quasi-physical personification algorithm",this paper proposes an improved differential evolution with multi-strategy cooperating evolution(MEDE) is addressed based on the fact that each evolution strategy of DE has common peculiarity but different characteristics.Its asymptotic convergence is given with the definition of multi-strategy differential operator(MDO),and the connotative peculiarity of MEDE is analyzed.Compared with the original DE,DEfirDE and DEfirSPX,the simulation results on 5 classical benchmark functions show that MEDE has obvious advantages in the convergence rate,solution-quality and adaptability.It is suitable for solving complex high-dimension numeral optimization problems.
Flow of Scientific Publications in Iran during 2007 to 2011, Based on Triple Helix of University, Industry and Government

: The aim of this study is to investigate the flow of scientific production in Iran during 2007 to 2011. The triple helix model was used to assess the relationship between universities, industries and the government on scientific production process. Iranian scientific products in the three ISI citation databases of Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Art and Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) during the abovementioned period was collected as the research population and the authors addresses were reviewed carefully to be used in TH model. ISI.exe and SPSS software were used for this purpose. The Triple Helix collaboration of University, Industry and Government was measured by mutual information (transmission T) derived from the Shannon’s formulas. The T-value here represented the uncertainty when the probability distributions were combined. Findings indicated that the number of papers written by Iranian authors increased steadily from 8796 in 2007 to 19876 in 2011. Among the three sectors, university researchers had the most participation Researchers from the industry sector had the lowest participation. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional collaborations were calculated too. The results showed that University-Government collaboration was much higher than the University-Industry or Industry-Government collaborations indicating that the gap between Industry and the two other sectors in Iran was significantly big. Government–University interactions had a better condition. This can be explained due to the supports that research organizations receive from the government. Unfortunately the T value is not high for the three dimensional collaboration of University, Industry and Government researchers. But by adding the foreign collaboration as the forth factor into the study, the results change a little and the collaborations between different sectors and foreign researchers increase in comparison with internal collaborations. It is clear that an ideal point in relations to different sectors of Triple Helix of university, industry and government is not possible overnight but requires a long- term strategic planning.
Mature non-specialist undergraduate students and the challenges they face in learning mathematics

This research uses a case study approach to examine the learning experiences of mature non-specialist first year undergraduate university students studying mathematics as an ancillary subject. The challenges faced by such students taking mathematics as a subsidiary subject within their main degree have not been adequately addressed in the literature: this study seeks to address this gap. The research took place in a UK inner-city post-1992 university which has a very diverse student intake. A qualitative data set was generated from in-depth and focus group interviews of 22 mature students, the majority of whom were non-specialists taking mathematics as a required ancillary subject. An additional quantitative data set was derived from a questionnaire distributed to 250 students taking first year mathematics modules, either as an ancillary or as a specialism subject. A small number of mature students specialising in mathematics in both the interviews and the survey were included in order to compare the experiences and views of the both specialist and non-specialist groups. The Mixed Methods Research Design adopted combined results from the qualitative and quantitative analyses, and was accompanied by a post-structuralist theoretical framework which examines the discursive practices students were exposed to in relation to their construction of mathematics as a subject and their experiences of learning mathematics. The study shows that the major perceived factors that affect mature non-specialist students learning of mathematics include the pedagogical model that is used; the attitudes and beliefs of the learners; the support available to aid learning; and the prevalent discourses about the learning and perceptions of mathematics. These findings have a number of important implications for policy and practice for teaching mathematics to such students, for our understanding of student identities and for widening participation. The evidence from this study suggest that there should be a shift of government policy on access and financing for mature students; a review of mechanism of financial support for mature students; changes in the organisation and resourcing of small classes; a review of curriculum and pedagogy to fit the diverse background of learners; and the development of mathematics support provisions that are embedded in courses that require mathematical skills.
Capital Market Development and Confidence in Disclosure Quality

Using a survey-based measure that directly captures beliefs about disclosure quality ( SFARS) in a panel with over 1,000 country-year observations, this study examines macro-level capital market consequences of confidence in disclosure quality. Supporting construct validity, SFARS is associated with prior measures of disclosure quality, tends to decline around accounting scandals, and tends to increase around corporate reforms. Evidence from panel regressions controlling for country effects, prior levels of market development, and other plausible determinants suggests that more positive beliefs about disclosure quality are associated with credit market development, but inferences associated with equity market development are sensitive to empirical specification and variable definitions. Additional analyses find little support for the effects of SFARS on capital market development varying with other macroeconomic or institutional features. JEL Classifications: G1; G3; K2; M4.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN DAN DEWAN KOMISARIS TERHADAP CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN REAKSI PASAR

Perkembangan pelaksanaan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) tampaknya merupakan konsekwensi logis dari implementasi praktik Good Corporate Governance (GCG). Dengan menerapkan CSR, diharap perusahaan akan memperoleh legitimasi sosial dan memaksimalkan kekuatan keuangannya dalam jangka panjang, sehingga akan mempengaruhi nilai penjualan saham perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji pengaruh struktur kepemilikan dan jumlah dewan direksi terhadap pengungkapan CSR dan reaksi pasar. Struktur kepemilikan dalam hal ini adalah proporsi kepemilikan publik dan kepemikian manajerial. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi. Variabel eksogen yang digunakan adalah jumlah dewan komisaris, proporsi kepemilikan publik, dan proporsi kepemilikan manajerial. Variabel endogen adalah pengungkapan CSR dan reaksi pasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah dewan komisaris berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan CSR, proporsi kepemilikan publik tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR, dan proporsi kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Jumlah dewan komisaris memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap reaksi pasar. Proporsi kepemilikan publik tidak berpengaruh terhadap reaksi pasar. Proporsi kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap reaksi pasar. Penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa pengungkapan CSR tidak berpengaruh terhadap reaksi pasar.