Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Distal Caries of the Second Molars in the Presence of Third Molars among Saudi Patients

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of distal caries in second permanent molars in the presence of third molar among patients attending university dental clinics in Riyadh City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Clinical and radiographic data (orthopantomographs and right and left bite wings) from 313 patients attending Riyadh Elm University dental clinics, department of oral diagnosis were collected and analyzed for the presence of third molars and caries on the distal surface of the second molar. Descriptive statistics of frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation, and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to assess the association between distal surface caries on second molars and impaction status of the teeth. Results: The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth score of the study participants was found to be very high, that is, 23. The prevalence of caries affecting the distal aspect of the second molar was 48.6% (n = 609) in the population. The prevalence of distal caries was significantly high in patients with fully erupted wisdom teeth followed by vertical, horizontal, and mesial impacted third molars (P < 0.05). Wisdom teeth with mesioangular, vertical, and horizontal impactions showed significant association with distal caries of second molars below the contact point, whereas, fully erupted and vertically impacted wisdom teeth showed significant association with distal surface caries of second molars above contact point. Similarly, vertically impacted wisdom teeth were found to have significant association with caries of distal surface of second molars on noncontact areas (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the distal surface of the second molars is at risk of caries in the presence of third molars. However, this risk depends on eruption status, type of angulation, and contact between third and second molars. All the preventive measures should be taken to avoid caries on distal surface of second molar.
Relationship between personality traits and burnout in oncology nurses

Introduction: Nurses burnout is a serious problem which can affect their health, the quality of patient care, and health institutions. Personality traits affect level of nurse burnout, and burnout characteristics vary depending on nurses' personality traits. The present study assessed burnout levels in order to determine stages of burnout in oncology nurses and to analyze the relationship between burnout and demographic characteristics and personality traits. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study performed on 106 oncology nurses working in Baghaei Hospital affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The main personality traits were assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and anxiety and depression employing a clinical educational questionnaire. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was utilized to determine burnout levels, the t-test to compare the means, and Pearson correlation to evaluate correlations between personality traits and the different dimensions of the MBI. Findings: About 32.1% of the oncology nurses present in this study were in the most severe phase of burnout. Depersonalization and emotional exhaustion had a significant positive correlation with anxiety and depression, whereas personal accomplishment had a negative correlation with anxiety and depression. Conclusion: A significant number of the oncology nurses experienced the most severe stage of burnout. Given the effects of personality traits on burnout dimensions, they should be taken into account to prevent the burnout syndrome.
Randomized controlled trial of cefazolin monotherapy versus cefazolin plus azithromycin single dose prophylaxis for cesarean deliveries: A developing country's perspective

Aim: To compare the efficacy of pre-incision intravenous single doses of cefazolin versus cefazolin plus azithromycin as an antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean delivery (CD). Methods: This was a single-center, double blind, randomized controlled trial conducted in the PGIMER, Chandigarh. 200 women undergoing elective/emergency cesarean section were randomized. Group A received single dose of cefazolin plus placebo while Group B received single dose of cefazolin plus azithromycin. Primary outcome evaluated was occurrence of surgical site infections (SSI); secondary outcomes included incidence of febrile morbidity, UTI, endometritis, neonatal outcome, total cost of antibiotics, and duration of hospital stay in both the study arms. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used for analysis of the data. Result: There was an overall significant reduction in the incidence of SSI (15% vs 3%; P = 0.03), endometritis (8% vs 2%; P = 0.048), and post-operative febrile morbidity (17% vs 3%; P = 0.001) with the addition of azithromycin to cefazolin. Duration of hospital stay was almost two days lesser for the cefazolin plus azithromycin group. Subgroup analysis of patients with SSI showed the age, duration of ruptured membranes, and type of anesthesia as important predictors of infection rate. Study observed statistically significant reduction in requirement of additional post operative antibiotics, phototherapy for neonates, hospital stay and cost of therapy in cefazolin plus azithromycin group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Tertiary care hospitals in developing countries such as India can opt for the cefazolin plus azithromycin as antimicrobial prophylaxis during CD to maximize the efficacy as well as for decreasing the cost burden of postoperative infections.
Coverage of mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in urban Nagpur, Central India: A mixed method study

Background and Aims: Mass Drug Administration (MDA) coverage remains an important indicator in elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), especially in context of recent changes in programme strategies in India, such as incorporation of Ivermectin and involvement of urban Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). This study aimed at assessing the coverage and compliance with MDA of Filariasis as well as exploring perspective of beneficiaries for non-consumption in selected slum area of Nagpur city. Methods: Mixed-method study design comprising of quantitative assessment of MDA coverage, followed by qualitative method to explore the reasons of non-compliance was used in selected slum areas of Nagpur city. Using cluster sampling, 240 households were selected and house-to-house visits were made to interview the eligible participants. In-depth interviews were conducted among selected non-compliant participants. Statistical Analysis: Multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with non-consumption. Thematic analysis was done to obtain the reasons of non-consumption as perceived by the beneficiaries. Results: Among the 1096 individuals studied, distribution and consumption coverage were 55.2% and 48.5%, respectively. Effective supervised consumption was further low (28.9%). Coverage compliance gap (CCG) was 12.1%. Male sex and younger age (2-5 years) were significant socio-demographic determinants of non-consumption. No repeat visit to houses left in first round, fear of side effects, pill burden, poor understanding about the need were important reasons as revealed by qualitative inquiry. Conclusion: Effective pre-campaign awareness, incorporation of context specific drug delivery strategies and strengthening monitoring system are essential for successful MDA implementation.
Species Assemblage of Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Silphidae, Trogidae) in Three Habitats in the Northeastern Region of Aguascalientes, Mexico

Abstract We present a study on the carrion beetles of the families Scarabaeidae, Silphidae, and Trogidae from the areas surrounding Villa Juárez, Asientos, Aguascalientes, Mexico. Four sites with three types of habitat were selected: agricultural land; riparian forest; and xerophytic scrub 1 and xerophytic scrub 2. We used NTP-80 carrion traps from October 2016 to September 2017. In total, 4,831 specimens belonging to nine species, five genera, and three families were captured. The family with the highest species richness was Silphidae (s = 4), followed by Scarabaeidae (s = 3) and Trogidae (s = 2). The most abundant family was Scarabaeidae, followed by Silphidae and Trogidae. The most abundant species were: Onthophagus knulli Howden and Cartwright, 1963 (Scarabaeidae) and Nicrophorus mexicanus Matthews, 1888 (Silphidae); those with the lowest abundance were Copris sierrensis Matthews, 1961 (Scarabaeidae) and Trox spinulosus dentibius Robinson, 1940 (Trogidae), with only one individual each. The rank-abundance curves exhibit a pattern in which O. knulli was dominant with more than 70% of total abundance in each of the three sites where it was collected. Onthophagus knulli was not found in agricultural land, thus a greater similarity in species abundance was observed. We present an annotated checklist of the species found. Species richness was lower than other studies in Mexico which can be attributed to the semi-arid region and the high degree of habitat fragmentation in the area. We provide a foundation for future ecological, biogeographical, conservation, and forensic studies. Captures of O. knulli, C. sierrensis, T. spinulosus dentibius, and Nicrophorus olidus Matthews, 1886 are new state records for Aguascalientes.
Liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liver transplantation is widely used to treat HIV patients with an end-stage liver disease, mainly decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The results are good especially in non-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients. In HIV-HCV-coinfected patients, 5-year post-liver transplantation survival is around 50-55%, negatively impacted by HCV recurrence. The results of PEG-IFN/RBV are poor in terms of efficacy and safety. In patients with genotype 1 infection, triple therapy (boceprevir or telaprevir) has increased sustained virological response (SVR) rate, but drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with immunosuppressive agents and high rates of adverse events lead to forsake these combinations. Herein, we provide new data and practical management regarding HIV-HCV liver transplantation patients using new direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA). RECENT FINDINGS The second-generation DAA have good safety profile. In patients who are candidates for liver transplantation or are already recipients, the optimal therapeutic option is to combine the new DAA. Efficacy results have dramatically improved with greater than 90% of SVR rate in many studies enrolling HCV-monoinfected liver transplant recipients. Some concerns persist in terms of DDI. SUMMARY Even sparse, data regarding efficacy and safety of these regimens in HCV-HIV-coinfected liver transplantation will radically change the prognosis of this peculiar population.
A clinical profile of childhood alopecia areata in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, India

Background: Data of Clinical profile of childhood alopecia areata (AA) is inadequate in India. Hence this study was carried out. Materials and Methods: All new cases of childhood alopecia areata (AA) were studied from September of 2015 to September 2016, for a total duration of 1 year. In this prospective study, a total of 150 patients were diagnosed with AA, out of which 39 pediatric patients were enrolled in our study. Results: A total of 23 girls (58.97%) and 16 boys (40.02%) were seen with a ratio of 1.4:1 (female:male). All 39 patients are of South Indian decent and had an age of onset ranging from 2- to 18-year-old with the mean being 10.7 years. Twenty-four patients (61.5%) had a rapid onset of the disease, <6 months duration and only one patient had a previous episode of patchy hair loss. The majority of patients, 30 (76.9%), had a mild type of involvement, which was <25% of the scalp. A positive family history of AA was observed in 3 (7.7%) patients. A total of 17 (43.6%) patients had a history of atopy while only 7 (17.95%) patients had family members with a history of atopy. A positive family history of AA was seen in 3 (8.3%). Other systemic associations such as vitiligo, lichen planus, and Down's syndrome were rare. Conclusions: The age of onset, a positive family history of AA, and associated autoimmune diseases or atopic disorders were observed to not have any influence on the severity of the disease. The results were compared with those reported elsewhere for the similar age group.
Morphometric assessment of soft palate in oral submucous fibrosis using cone beam computed tomography: A cross-sectional study

Context: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a chronic disorder, presents with limited mouth opening and fibrosis of the lining mucosa of the upper digestive tract involving the oral cavity, oropharynx, and commonly the upper third of the esophagus. Studies assessing morphological changes of soft palate using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) may construe functional alterations. Aims: The objective of our study was to assess (1) the morphological variations of soft palate, (2) its comparison with different OSMF grades and control groups by CBCT, and (3) velopharyngeal incompetency. Setting and Design: The study attributed the clinical features of OSMF based on Pindborg's classification. Patients were scanned for morphometric assessment of soft palate. Materials and Method: CBCT images of 45 OSMF patients and 45 control-group patients were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS Pvt Ltd. Chicago, IL, USA). Two investigators performed the morphometric analysis, and the average was taken.Statistical Analysis: Independent t-test was applied. Results: A total of 90 patients were imaged. Leaf-type morphology was the most common, and Stage III had the maximum of butt-type morphology. Mean velar width was significantly higher in the OSMF group compared to the control group. Conclusions: The study illustrated three-dimensional soft palate images including the morphology in different OSMF grades, thereby accurately measuring various parameters of soft palate. As OSMF progresses, the morphology of soft palate changes eventually from Type I to other types. Morphological changes can be reversed or arrested from further worsening if assessed in the first phase of OSMF.
Vitamin D in the treatment of oral lichen planus: A pilot clinical study

Introduction: Lichen planus is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Vitamin D not only affects the health of the bone but also has an impact on immunity. To understand the possible role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of oral lichen planus (OLP), a clinical study was conducted on patients suffering from OLP who reported to the dental outpatient department of our dental college in Aligarh. Aims: To evaluate the possible co-relation between the OLP with vitamin D deficiency and the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the treatment of the OLP lesion. Settings and Design: A pilot clinical study was conducted in a dental college in Aligarh. Materials and Methods: Patients with clinical presentation of OLP were included in our study. Patients with drug-induced oral lesion or lesion associated with dental restoration (lichenoid reactions) were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into three different groups depending on factors such as stress, low vitamin D levels, or a combination of the above factors. Patients with severe vitamin D deficiency were supplemented with vitamin D. Statistical Analysis Used: Fisher's exact test. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in both subjective and objective symptoms in patients who were supplemented with vitamin D with or without psychological counseling apart from topical steroid application for a short period. Conclusion: Marked improvement and long-term remission in the symptoms in vitamin D–deficient patients after restoration of normal vitamin D level suggests its role in pathogenesis of OLP like other autoimmune diseases. Therefore, further study and research work need to be carried out to understand the pathway through which vitamin D is related to the pathogenesis of OLP.
Study of maternal outcome in referral obstetric cases in a tertiary care centre

Introduction: To identify the pattern of Obstetric referral to our hospital and the primary reasons for referral, so as to implement measures to reduce unnecessary referrals and to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. Method: All the referred cases for obstetrics indications above 20 weeks were analysed for cause of referral, their condition and outcome for a period of 6 months from January 2016 to June 2016. Results: According to our study out of a total of 10172 delivered patients, 1014 (9.96%) cases were referred patients. Maximum cases i.e. 713 (70. 3%) were in the age group of 21-30. Most of the cases 678 (66.86%) did not receive any treatment at referral hospital before being referred. Only 27.52% patients were referred with referral slips/chit etc., having adequate information and 40.24% of cases were delayed referrals. 183 (18.04%) patients required intensive care unit admission. Conclusion: The present study showed that illiteracy and ignorance of female regarding healthcare requirements and poor infrastructure came out to be a major contributor of poor pregnancy outcome. Timely referral is crucial for a satisfactory maternal and fetal outcome. To reduce the number of unnecessary referrals and to reduce burden on tertiary care hospitals, health care workers should be trained in essential and emergency obstetric care which will help in reducing morbidity and mortality.
Radiological difference between new sputum-positive and sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

Introduction: The current guidelines for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are based primarily on the demonstration of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on sputum microscopy and chest radiograph. Knowing various radiological manifestations and their association with sputum microscopy findings can allow for early diagnosis and early initiation of treatment. Aims: This study was performed to compare the chest radiograph features seen in sputum-positive and sputum-negative tuberculosis patients, respectively. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study, which included 147 consecutive patients newly diagnosed and treated as PTB between Jan 2018 and July 2018. Chest X-ray was reviewed by 2 independent radiologists and the findings were compared between sputum-positive and sputum-negative PTB cases. The obtained data were analyzed by statistics using SPSS version 15 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and χ2 test and Student t test were used for statistical analysis. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of a total of 147 patients, 38 (25 males and 13 females, mean age 35.23 ± 18.40) were sputum positive and 109 (77 males and 32 females, mean age 36.07 ± 18.15) were sputum negative. The frequency of patchy consolidation (78.94% vs 49.54%) and cavitation (36.84% vs 15.59%) was significantly higher in sputum-positive PTB (P < 0.05). Radiological lesions like nodular shadow (10.09% vs 2.63%), cystic lesion (13.76% vs 5.26%), fibrosis (12.84% vs 7.89%), miliary shadows (2.75% vs 2.63%), and pleural effusion (1.83% vs 0%) were seen more commonly with sputum-negative PTB but the difference was not statistically significant for any of these features. Sputum-positive PTB tends to occur more commonly on the left side (47.36%) compared with sputum-negative PTB (27.52%) (P < 0.05). 34.21% and 35.77% of the chest X-ray lesions were bilateral in sputum-positive and sputum-negative PTB, respectively. Conclusion: Patchy infiltration and cavitation on chest X-ray are seen more frequently in sputum-positive cases of PTB compared with sputum-negative cases.
Facial soft tissue thickness in South Indian adults with varied occlusions – A cone beam computed tomography study

Background: Facial soft tissue (FST) thickness is crucial to reconstruct a recognizable face from an unknown skull. Straight, convex, and concave profiles of the human face in class I, class II, and class III occlusal patterns, respectively, suggest the possibility of skeletal class to have a significant influence on FST thickness of an individual. The aim of this study was to collect and compare FST thickness in South Indian adults based on gender and varied occlusions. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography scans of 90 South Indian subjects (45 of each gender) age 18–35 years were categorized according to their dentoskeletal relationships as class I (ANB = 2–40), class II (ANB >40), and class III (ANB <20) with 30 subjects in each class and FST thickness at 34 landmarks (12 midline and 11 bilateral) were measured. Results: Significant differences were present at nasion, mid-nasal, rhinion, subnasal, labrale superius, and mid-supraorbital and infra canine in men and at mentolabial sulcus and gonion in women demonstrating variation in soft tissue thickness among different occlusions. In addition, gender-based differences were observed among the skeletal classes with men having thicker tissues at a majority of the measured landmarks. Sexual dimorphism was distinct in skeletal classes I and III occlusal patterns. Conclusion: Dentoskeletal morphology-related variations in FST thickness observed in this study highlight the need for anthropological analysis of the skull focusing on occlusal pattern along with age and sex during facial reconstruction to achieve better results.
Curcuma angustifolia ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells and Swiss albino rats

Objective: To determine the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of methanol extract of rhizome of Curcuma angustifolia (MECA) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in vitro and in vivo. Methods: DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays were performed to estimate the antioxidant effect of MECA. In vitro cytotoxicity of MECA against HepG2 cells was evaluated, whereas serum biochemical parameters and levels of antioxidative enzymes were measured in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, histopathological studies were estimated in order to investigate the hepatoprotective efficacy of MECA. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of the extract was performed to identify the chemical components. Results: MECA exhibited strong antioxidant activity and attenuated CCl4-induced decrease in the viability of HepG2 cells. Additionally, MECA significantly restored the ALT, AST, ALP, TP and albumin level in comparison with the CCl4 group. After pre-treatment with MECA, effects of SOD, CAT and GSH were increased as well as lipid peroxidation amount decreased on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo model. Furthermore, histopathological observation confirmed that MECA reduced liver injury induced by CCl4 in rats. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive constituents such as α-tocopherol (12.27%), phytol (7.61%), squalene (3.71%), β-sitosterol (2.19%), eugenol (2.59%), curcumenol (1.20%), β-elemene (1.00%) and eucalyptol (0.89%). Conclusions: MECA contains antioxidant and hepatoprotective constituents such asa-tocopherol, phytol, squalene and eugenol and exerts hepatoprotective effect both in vitro and in vivo.