Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Strategic Limit Order Submissions on Foreign Exchange Market Liquidity

In this paper, we empirically investigate the short-term impact of human/algorithmic limit order submissions on the liquidity provision and withdrawal process of other human/algorithmic traders. Using a high-frequency dataset containing over 1.5 million limit orders in the USD/JPY and EUR/JPY foreign exchange spot markets (amounting to a limit order volume of approximately $2 trillion), we document three key findings. First, order-splitting strategies widely adopted by algorithmic traders to disguise the true order size seem to go detected and are perceived as more information-rich or predatory than orders of the corresponding size typically submitted by human traders. Second, the inverse relationship between limit order size and price aggressiveness is less consistent than expected – both concerning traders’ strategic order submissions and their impact on the liquidity withdrawal by others. Third, we find that traders appear to be more sensitive to limit orders submitted from the same side (non-execution risk) than to the opposite side of the order book (free option risk), but that the ‘recovery’ of the limit order book primarily is driven by a reassessment of free option risk.
Rhinovirus frequently detected in elderly adults attending an emergency department

The general aim was to investigate the burden of respiratory virus illness in a hospital emergency department, during two different epidemic seasons. Consecutive patients attending an emergency department during two study periods (February/March 2009 and 2010) were enrolled using broad inclusion criteria (fever/preceding fever and one of a set of ICD‐9 codes suggestive of respiratory illness); nasopharyngeal washes were tested for the most common respiratory viruses using PCR‐based methods. Influenza A virus was detected in 24% of samples collected in February/March 2009, whereas no samples tested positive for influenza during February/March 2010 (pandemic H1N1 Influenza A having circulated earlier in October–December 2009). Rhinovirus (HRV) was detected in 16% and 8% of patients recruited over the two study periods, respectively. Other respiratory viruses were detected rarely. Patient data were then analyzed with specific PCR results, comparing the HRV‐positive group with virus‐positive and no virus‐detected groups. Individuals over 65 years old with HRV presented with signs, symptoms and underlying conditions and were admitted to hospital as often as the other enrolled patients, mainly for dyspnoea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease acute exacerbation. Conversely, younger individuals with HRV, although presenting with respiratory signs and symptoms, were generally diagnosed with non‐respiratory conditions. HRV was detected frequently in elderly patients attending the emergency department for respiratory distress without distinguishing clinical features. Molecular diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections and surveillance of infectious diseases should include tests for HRV, as this virus is associated frequently with hospitalization of the elderly. J. Med. Virol. 83:2043–2047, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adolescent stressors, psychopathology, and young adult substance dependence: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE There is much theory, but sparse empirical evidence, supporting the notion that internalizing symptoms and negative affect are the mechanism by which exposure to stressful life events influence the development of substance-use disorders in adolescence and young adulthood. However, many empirical studies have shown that, in addition to elevations in internalizing symptoms, exposure to stressful life events also produces elevations in externalizing behaviors and conduct problems, which are important risk factors for substance-use disorders. The current study tested adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms as competitive mediators of the effects of stressors on young adult drug dependence. METHOD Data from an ongoing study of children of alcoholics (n=223) and matched controls (n=204) were collected in two annual interviews in adolescence and two follow-ups in young adulthood. RESULTS Experiencing stressful life events during adolescence led to increases in both externalizing and internalizing symptoms, but only externalizing symptoms mediated the later effects of adolescent stressors on young adult drug dependence. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that understanding how stressors produce elevations in behavioral problems may provide important insights into understanding how broad environmental risk factors lead to substance dependence and suggests that processes other than affect regulation may operate in the pathway from the experiences of stressors to substance use and disorder.
Outcomes of stent retriever thrombectomy in basilar artery occlusion: an observational study and systematic review

Background Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) remains one of the most devastating subtypes of stroke with high mortality and poor outcome. Early recanalisation is the most powerful predictor of favourable outcome in patients with stroke, and may be improved with mechanical thrombectomy using stent retriever devices. However, the benefit in functional outcome and safety of stent retrievers are not yet well known. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy and safety profiles of stent retriever thrombectomy in BAO patients with stroke. Methods We analysed data retrospectively from our consecutive clinical series and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all previous studies of stent retriever thrombectomy in BAO patients with stroke between November 2010 and April 2014. Results From March 2010 to March 2013, 22 patients with acute BAO were treated with a Solitaire stent retriever in our series. Favourable outcome was significantly associated with younger age and distal BAO. The literature search identified 15 previous studies involving a total of 312 subjects. In the meta-analysis, including our series data, the recanalisation rate (Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score ≥2b) reached 81% (95% CI 73% to 87%). The rate of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage was 4% (95% CI 2% to 8%), favourable outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 at 3 months) was found in 42% (95% CI 36% to 48%) and mortality rate was 30% (95% CI 25% to 36%). Conclusions Stent retriever thrombectomy is a safe treatment modality for patients with stroke presenting with BAO. Although the stent retrievers showed a good recanalisation rate, there are currently no randomised clinical trials to assess its clinical efficacy in comparison with the reference treatment.
Towards autonomous navigation of multiple pocket-drones in real-world environments

Pocket-drones are inherently safe for flight near humans, and their small size allows maneuvering through narrow indoor environments. However, achieving autonomous flight of pocket-drones is challenging because of strict on-board hardware limitations. Further challenges arise when multiple pocket-drones operate as a team and need to coordinate their movements. This paper presents a set-up that can achieve autonomous flight in an indoor environment with avoidance of both static obstacles and other pocket-drones. The pocket-drones use only on-board sensing and processing implemented on a STM32F4 microprocessor (168MHz). Experiments were conducted with two 40g pocket-drones flying autonomously in a real-world office while avoiding walls, obstacles, and each-other.
Illinois CCG TAC 2015 Event Nugget, Entity Discovery and Linking, and Slot Filler Validation Systems

This paper describes University of Illi-nois’s Cognitive Computation Group (UI-CCG)’s submissions for three TAC tracks: Event Nugget Detection/Co-reference; Entity Discovery and Linking (EDL); and Slot Filler Validation (SFV). The Event Nugget Detection and Co-reference system employs a supervised model for event nugget detection with rich lexical and semantic features while we ex-periment with both supervised and unsupervised event co-reference methods. We also utilize ACE2005 data as an additional source and use several domain adaptation techniques to improve our system’s performance. The Entity Discovery and Linking sys-tem focuses on solving the Spanish sub-task. The system uses Google Translation to translate Spanish documents into English and then apply Illinois Wikiﬁer to identify entity mentions and disambiguate them to Wikipedia entries. It outperforms other participants on both linking and clus-teringevaluations. The Illinois SFV system treats the task as an entailment problem, seeking to identify for each individual query whether or not the proposed answer is valid based on the information contained in the query document. The system builds on those of previous years, and uses a machine learning component to try to extract cues from unmarked relations in the context of the query relation. The three systems described here were developed as separate systems.
The relationship between cytomegalovirus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

The association between cytomegalovi- rus (CMV) and Guillain-Barresyn- drome (GBS) was first noted in 1967 (1) and was soon endorsed by other reports and case series. The largest previous case series showed that CMV infection was associated with GBS in 8% of 229 pa- tients from a European and North American trial (2). In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Orlikowski et al (2) confirmed this finding in a larger population of people with GBS by using the resources of the French reference centre in Garches, Paris, which has been a major source of useful research into the disease. Of 506 patients with GBS, 63 (12.5%) had serological evidence of primary CMV infection. It is difficult to distinguish between primary and reactivation of infection, an important problem, because 50% of the nonimmunosuppressed people in de- veloped countries have serological evi- dence of exposure to CMV. The serological methods used by Orlikowski and colleagues incorporated a test for high immunoglobulin (Ig) G avidity to exclude positive results due to re- activation. Low-avidity IgG antibody is found in primary infection before affinity maturation has occurred. The serological results were supported by the finding of CMV DNA in the plasma by poly- merase chain reaction (PCR) in 36 (62%) of 58 subjects who had positive serological test results. The sensitivity of CMV PCR nears 100% for acute in- fection, but it would be expected to be reduced in the late infectious phase, when GBS occurs because virus is being cleared. Unfortunately no conva- lescent-phase samples were available for analysis because of the intervening treat- ment and quantitative PCR was not performed for enough patients to publish the result. The authors used contemporary French epidemiological data to calculate, for the first time, that the risk of GBS following CMV is in the order of 0.6-2.2 cases per 1000 persons. There were no control subjects in the Orlikowski et al (2) study, but 2 earlier studies had shown that the frequency of recent CMV infection preceding GBS significantly exceeded that of control subjects: in the United Kingdom, 11% of 99 case patients and only 1% of control patients had evi- dence of recent CMV infection (3); in the Netherlamds, 13% of 154 case patients and only 2% of control subjects (4) had evidence of recent CMV infection. The study by Orlikowski et al (2)
Graded Response to Thymectomy in Children With Myasthenia Gravis

Response to thymectomy in children with juvenile myasthenia gravis was evaluated using severity and response to therapy rating scales and objective measures of hospital, intensive care, and intubation days, prethymectomy and postthymectomy, as markers of morbidity. Records of 50 patients treated for myasthenia gravis at Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, were reviewed. Thymectomy was performed in 13 patients; average age was 10 years. Days of intubation, intensive care, and hospitalization were significantly less postthymectomy compared to prethymectomy (P < .0001). Osserman rankings postthymectomy were mild (IIa) in 1, moderate (IIb) in 4, and severe (III) in 1. On a response to therapy scale, 4 patients were grade A (complete remission, no medication); 3 were grade B (improvement, lower drug dosage); 3 were grade C (slight improvement and no change in medication); and 3 were grade D (unchanged). Thymectomy is an effective treatment in 62% of children with myasthenia gravis, and remission is complete in 31%.
Treatment outcomes of sinonasal inverted papillomas according to surgical approaches

Abstract Conclusions: The midfacial degloving approach is a favorable option for advanced sinonasal inverted papilloma with a fair recurrence rate, and can replace the lateral rhinotomy approach, which is considered too invasive for benign tumor due to its facial scar. Objective: This study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of advanced sinonasal inverted papillomas according to surgical approaches over a 20-year period. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinic, operative, radiologic, and pathologic records of patients with surgically treated sinonasal inverted papilloma, and compared recurrence rates of patients treated with the endoscopic approach, midfacial degloving approach, and lateral rhinotomy approach in each Krouse stage of inverted papilloma. Results: A total of 114 patients were diagnosed and treated surgically for the sinonasal inverted papilloma. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 12 years (mean 2.8 years). The overall recurrence rate was 23.7% (27/114). Among the patients classified as Krouse stage III, 33.3% (9/27) of the endoscopic approach group, 11.1% (2/18) of the midfacial degloving approach group, and 25.0% (2/8) of the lateral rhinotomy approach group had recurrences.
Zero-leverage Firms and Their Mergers & Acquisitions

We examine whether the MA zero-leverage acquirers underperform non-ZL acquirers around event announcement and the result is robust to using the matched sample and controlling for bidder management quality, governance quality, and bidder, target and deal characteristics; compared to levered buyers, zero-debt buyers display significantly lower long-term post-acquisition operating performance as well as lower post-acquisition stock return performance, and the difference in the long-term operating performance between zero-leverage and leverage bidders is robust to the methodology and benchmark used. Overall, our results show that unlevered firms underperform levered firms during and after the M&A activities. Our results suggest that M&A decisions of zero-leverage acquirers may not be value maximizing since they tend to draw on a limited pool of targets given their preference to maintain zero leverage.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Macrophage entry mediated by HIV Envs from brain and lymphoid tissues is determined by the capacity to use low CD4 levels and overall efficiency of fusion

HIV infects macrophages and microglia in the central nervous system (CNS), which express lower levels of CD4 than CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood. To investigate mechanisms of HIV neurotropism, full-length env genes were cloned from autopsy brain and lymphoid tissues from 4 AIDS patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Characterization of 55 functional Env clones demonstrated that Envs with reduced dependence on CD4 for fusion and viral entry are more frequent in brain compared to lymphoid tissue. Envs that mediated efficient entry into macrophages were frequent in brain, but were also present in lymphoid tissue. For most Envs, entry into macrophages correlated with overall fusion activity at all levels of CD4 and CCR5. gp160 nucleotide sequences were compartmentalized in brain versus lymphoid tissue within each patient. Proline at position 308 in the V3 loop of gp120 was associated with brain compartmentalization in 3 patients, but mutagenesis studies suggested that P308 alone does not contribute to reduced CD4 dependence or macrophage-tropism. These results suggest that HIV adaptation to replicate in the CNS selects for Envs with reduced CD4 dependence and increased fusion activity. Macrophage-tropic Envs are frequent in brain but are also present in lymphoid tissues of AIDS patients with HAD, and entry into macrophages in the CNS and other tissues is dependent on the ability to use low receptor levels and overall efficiency of fusion.
Perceptual Representation of Color in Abstract Non-Color Word Processing

Three experiments showed that naming latencies were significantly shorter when the patch color was consistent with the object’s typical color relative to when they were inconsistent. Such color simulation was also found for verbs involving an object with color and words psychologically-related to color, indicating that color simulation is not limited to situations where there is a concrete, direct connection between the concept and the color information. Results from SOA manipulation indicates a more rapid activation of color information for the words psychologically-related to color, followed by activation of color for object nouns, and slowest color activation for verbs, providing the first clear demonstration that the nature of the concept-color connection affects the time course of color simulation.
Atorvastatin and cardiovascular protection: a review and comparison of recent clinical trials

Until recently, atorvastatin was known only as a new but more potent statin (‘me too’ drug) for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In the last 2 years, data has become available on nearly 32,000 patients, in clinical settings ranging from primary prevention to acute coronary syndromes. These trials show the remarkably consistent clinical benefit of atorvastatin in patients with hypertension, diabetes, acute coronary syndromes, stable coronary disease with reductions in death, myocardial infarction and stroke, as well as in prevention of atherosclerosis progression. In addition, new data are also emerging to suggest that intensive therapy with high dose atorvastatin 80 mg is associated with a greater reduction in inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, compared with other statin regimens. This suggests that intensive therapy with atorvastatin is associated with a potent pleiotropic effect. This review aims to summarise the recently concluded and ongoing clinical trials and to stimulate further reading.
Smooth Formulation for Multi-component Compositional Simulation with Superior Nonlinear Convergence

Compositional simulation is challenging, because of highly nonlinear couplings between multi-component flow in porous media with thermodynamic phase behavior. The coupled nonlinear system is commonly solved by the fully-implicit scheme. Various compositional formulations have been proposed. However, severe convergence issues of Newton solvers can arise under the conventional formulations. Crossing phase boundaries produces kinks in discretized equations, and subsequently causing oscillations or even divergence of Newton iterations. The objective of this work is to develop a smooth formulation that removes all the property switches and discontinuities associated with phase changes. We show that it can be very difficult and costly to smoothing the conservation equations directly. Therefore, we first reformulate the coupled system, so that the discontinuities are transferred to the phase equilibrium model. In this way a single and concise non-smooth equation is achieved and then a smoothing approximation can be made. The new formulation with a smoothing parameter provides smooth transitions of variables across all the phase regimes. In addition, we employ a continuation method where the solution progressively evolves toward the target system. We evaluate the efficiency of the new smooth formulation and the continuation method using several complex problems. Comparing to the standard natural formulation, the developed formulation and method exhibit superior nonlinear convergence behaviors. The continuation method leads to smooth and stable iterative performance, with a negligible impact on solution accuracy. Moreover, it works robustly for a wide range of flow conditions without parameter tuning.
Monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific identification and typing of subgroup F adenoviruses

Monoclonal antibody specific for subgroup F enteric adenoviruses (EAds) was prepared by fusing P3-NS1/Ag4-1 mouse myeloma cells with lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with G1105, an adenovirus type 41 (Ad41) strain. Monoclone 3F11/2H9, which specifically recognized Ad41, was successfully used as detector antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, previously prepared monoclones 5D8/2C2 and 2H6/1E11, recognizing Ad40 plus Ad41 and Ad40 alone, respectively, were used to study stool and/or tissue culture specimens from 106 patients with adenovirus-positive gastroenteritis. By ELISA, 91 had EAds (22 were Ad40 and 69 were Ad41) and 15 had non-EAds. ELISA results were in concordance with restriction endonuclease results for 38 of 39 specimens, with dot blot data for 19 of 20 specimens, and with neutralization test results for 74 of 78 specimens. ELISA was at least 10-fold more sensitive than direct electron microscopy was for the detection of EAds in stool specimens.
Universal criticality of thermodynamic curvatures for charged AdS black holes

In this paper, we analytically study the critical exponents and universal amplitudes of the thermodynamic curvatures such as the intrinsic and extrinsic curvature at the critical point of the small-large black hole phase transition for the charged AdS black holes. At the critical point, it is found that the normalized intrinsic curvature $R_N$ and extrinsic curvature $K_N$ has critical exponents 2 and 1, respectively. Based on them, the universal amplitudes $R_Nt^2$ and $K_Nt$ are calculated with the temperature parameter $t=T/T_c-1$ where $T_c$ the critical value of the temperature. Near the critical point, we find that the critical amplitude of $R_Nt^2$ and $K_Nt$ is $-\frac{1}{2}$ when $t\rightarrow0^+$, whereas $R_Nt^2\approx -\frac{1}{8}$ and $K_Nt\approx-\frac{1}{4}$ in the limit $t\rightarrow0^-$. These results not only hold for the four dimensional charged AdS black hole, but also for the higher dimensional cases. Therefore, such universal properties will cast new insight into the thermodynamic geometries and black hole phase transitions.