Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Linear Complementarity Problem Under Asymptotic Analysis

In this work we study the classical linear complementarity problem LCP by describing the asymptotic behavior of the approximate solutions to its variational inequality formulation. Thus, some properties satisfied by the directions which are limits of the normalized unbounded approximate solutions will be established. Based on this analysis, various equivalent conditions guaranteeing the existence of solutions to LCP are given. In particular, the sufficient condition of Gowda and Pang expressed in terms of the solutions to augmented linear complementarity problems is written in a way that is more easily verifiable. Our approach allows us to deal with GarcA a-matrices, semimonotone, copositive,q-pseudomonotone matrices among others, in a unified framework. Furthermore, we introduce a larger class of matrices for which many of the results (including a sensitivity one) due to Gowda and Pang are still valid. In addition, some conditions ensuring the boundedness of the solution set are also provided, and some estimates for the asymptotic cone of the solution set, for different classes of matrices, are given as well. Hence, the present approach sheds new light and offers an alternative to view classical results.
JAK2 V617F mutational frequency in essential thrombocythemia associated with splanchnic or cerebral vein thrombosis

Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) and chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are closely related. The JAK2 V617F mutation is a hall-mark of MPN but is present also in a relevant percentage of patients with SVT and without an overt chronic MPN. To investigate in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) the impact of this mutation on the risk of thrombosis in unusual sites (splanchnic or cerebral veins), we carried out a retrospective cohort study including 224 patients. One hundred forty-two patients (63%) had the mutation, and 68 had suffered either arterial thromboses (n = 39), venous thromboses in a common site (n = 12), or in the eye (n = 1), SVT (n = 13), or cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT; n = 3). All patients with SVT or CVT were <60 years of age: in this age range, the relative risk associated with the mutation, and adjusted for inherited thrombophilia was 1.88 (95%CI 1.32-2.69) for SVT, and 2.26 (95%CI 1.76-2.91) for CVT. No increase in the risk of a venous thrombosis in common sites was found in patients with the mutation. In conclusion, in ET the risk of venous thrombosis associated with the JAK2 V617F mutation preferentially targets splanchnic or cerebral veins in young patients.
Expertise, Time, Money, Mentoring, and Reward: Systemic Barriers That Limit Education Researcher Productivity-Proceedings From the AAMC GEA Workshop.

BACKGROUND To further evolve in an evidence-based fashion, medical education needs to develop and evaluate new practices for teaching, learning, and assessment. However, educators face barriers in designing, conducting, and publishing education research. OBJECTIVE To explore the barriers medical educators face in formulating, conducting, and publishing high-quality medical education research, and to identify strategies for overcoming them. METHODS A consensus workshop was held November 5, 2013, at the Association of American Medical Colleges annual meeting. A working group of education research experts and educators completed a preconference literature review focusing on barriers to education research. During the workshop, consensus-based and small group techniques were used to refine the broad themes into content categories. Attendees then ranked the most important barriers and strategies for overcoming them with the highest potential impact. RESULTS Barriers participants faced in conducting quality education research included lack of (1) expertise, (2) time, (3) funding, (4) mentorship, and (5) reward. The strategy considered most effective in overcoming these barriers involved building communities of education researchers for collaboration and networking, and advocating for education researchers' interests. Other suggestions included trying to secure increased funding opportunities, developing mentoring programs, and encouraging mechanisms to ensure protected time. CONCLUSIONS Barriers to education research productivity clearly exist. Many appear to result from feelings of isolation that may be overcome with systemic efforts to develop and enable communities of practice across institutions. Finally, the theme of "reward" is novel and complex and may have implications for education research productivity.
Polygyny and polyandry in small ant societies

Social insects, ants in particular, show considerable variation in queen number and mating frequency resulting in a wide range of social structures. The dynamics of reproductive conflicts in insect societies are directly connected to the colony kin structure, thus, the study of relatedness patterns is essential in order to understand the evolutionary resolution of these conflicts. We studied colony kin structure and mating frequencies in two closely related Neotropical ant species Pachycondyla inversa and Pachycondyla villosa. These represent interesting model systems because queens found new colonies cooperatively but, unlike many other ant species, they may still co‐exist when the colony becomes mature (primary polygyny). By using five specific and highly variable microsatellite markers, we show that in both species queens usually mate with two or more males and that cofounding queens are always unrelated. Polygynous and polyandrous colonies are characterized by a high genetic diversity, with a mean relatedness coefficient among worker nestmates of 0.27 (± 0.03 SE) for P. inversa and 0.31 (± 0.05 SE) for P. villosa. However, relatedness among workers of the same matriline is high (0.60 ± 0.03 in P. inversa, 0.62 ± 0.08 in P. villosa) since males that mated with the same queen are on average closely related. Hence, we have found a new taxon in social Hymenoptera with high queen‐mating frequencies and with intriguing mating and dispersal patterns of the sexuals.
School Accountability and the Dynamics of Human Capital Formation

This paper sets out a new approach that allows dynamic interactions among school inputs to be credibly identified for the first time. The approach exploits a feature of a major federal accountability scheme whereby schools are effectively held accountable only if there are forty or more students in given demographic groups. Year-to-year treatment variation associated with this discontinuity provides the period-by-period randomization necessary to identify dynamic interactions among school inputs. Using detailed administrative data from North Carolina, I find evidence of dynamic input complementarities: accountability next period leads to a 0. 18σ test score increase among those receiving treatment in the prior period relative to those who did not. I then show how these estimates can be rationalized by a theoretical model as the relative benefit of investment in each period, identifying dynamic input complementarity parameters in the technology. With estimates of the dynamic technology in hand, I consider the efficacy of alternative accountability schemes: conditioning on initial rather than prior test scores can both increase average achievement and reduce the pervasive test score gaps that plague public education today.
Low altitude polarization hyperspectral target detection based on CNN method

With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in aeronautical monitoring field, the performance requirements are continuously improved, each application scene also puts forward higher and higher requirements for target detection accuracy and speed. The traditional target imaging method is difficult to meet the image quality requirements, and the artificial target recognition method can’t cope with the rapid changes in the detection environment. Combined with the development of deep learning and polarization hyperspectral imaging technology, a ground target detection method based on Faster R-CNN was proposed. We proposed region proposal network (RPN) module for model training. In the target detection phase, the proposed feature map is obtained by pooling operation of interest regions. Finally, we used the proposed feature map to complete the target category classification. Three scale models were used in the experiment, and through polarization hyperspectral camera, the image data of target in different scene conditions was acquired in indoor and outdoor simulation environment for training and validation of models. The experimental results showed that the proposed method could achieve ideal detection accuracy and speed when the ground target was effectively detected.
High-performance GaAs-based superluminescent diode with 292-nm emission bandwidth using simple dot-in-a-well structures

We report a simultaneous amplified emission from InAs-based self-assembled quantum dot and quantum well in a multistack dot-in-a-well superluminescent light-emitting diode (SLD) for application in broadband sources. A combination of atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence of the test structures, and optoelectronic characterization of SLD is used to obtain an emission bandwidth of∼292 nm covering O–S communication band (including 850-nm band) and a maximum continuous power of ∼1.33 mW at room temperature. © 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) [DOI: 10.1117/1.JNP. 12.026007]
The Thumb of the Anthropomorphic Awiwi Hand: From Concept to Evaluation

The impressive manipulation capabilities of the human hand are undoubtedly related to the thumb opposition. Such a versatility is highly desirable in the context of humanoid robots, in particular when performing object manipulation. In the present case, a robotic hand with size, forces, velocity, and shape comparable to the human one, is envisioned. Unlike most robotic designs — where the fingers are modular and the thumb is simply a finger placed in opposition — the thumb benefits from an intensive functional analysis. This paper details the design method of the thumb of the Awiwi hand, the hand of the Integrated Hand Arm System project of DLR. First, several guidelines are presented that are fused and, with the help of a novel optimization method, lead to the final design. Finally, the design is evaluated by the means of biomedical tests on the realized hardware.
A New Role for Cathelicidin in Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

Cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide of the innate immune system, modulates microbial growth, wound healing, and inflammation. However, its association with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether cathelicidin would exert a modulatory effect on the progression of IBD and, if so, investigate the mechanism of action through which this effect occurred. We evaluated the potential for a synthetic cathelicidin, the mouse cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (mCRAMP), to prevent the initiation and promote the healing of lesions from inflammatory colitis that was experimentally induced in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). During the experiment, mCRAMP was given: (i) as a parallel treatment starting together with 3% DSS feeding, and (ii) as a posttreatment starting 7 days after 3% DSS feeding. The body weight, fecal microflora populations, clinical symptoms, and histologic findings of colonic tissues were measured. Relative gene expression of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, and MUC4) in colonic tissues was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intrarectal administration of mCRAMP ameliorated DSS-induced colitis with negligible effects on mucosal healing. The peptide also significantly reduced the increased number of fecal microflora in colitis animals. It reversed the decline of colonic mucus thickness during colitis through upregulation of the expression of mucin genes. Treatment with mCRAMP also prevented colitis development by suppressing the induction of apoptosis by DSS. The current study demonstrates for the first time that intrarectal administration of cathelicidin may be a novel therapeutic option for IBDs.
Severe urinary retention requiring urinary catheterization associated with combined treatment of depression with duloxetine and quetiapine

PhD, Michele Fornaro, MD, PhD, Nicola Serroni, MD, Stefano Marini, MD, Francesco Saverio Moschetta, MD, Giovanni Martinotti, MD, PhD and Massimo Di Giannantonio, MD NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, Teramo, Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti, Villa S. Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Ascoli Piceno and Department of Formative Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy E-mail: dodebera@aliceposta.it Received 12 January 2013; accepted 30 January 2013.
Evaluation of frequent milkout for treatment of cows with experimentally induced Escherichia coil mastitis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of frequent milkout (FMO) on the outcome of experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis in cows. DESIGN Randomized complete block study. ANIMALS 16 Holstein dairy cows. PROCEDURE Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups and were either not infected and not treated (NI-NT), experimentally infected with E coli and not treated (EC-NT), not infected and FMO (NI-FMO), or experimentally infected with E coli and FMO (EC-FMO). The infected quarter in cows in FMO groups was milked out every 4 hours from 16 to 36 hours and every 6 hours from 36 to 84 hours after challenge, with the aid of oxytocin administration. Somatic cell counts (SCC); times to bacterial, clinical, and systemic cures; and serum concentrations of a-lactalbumin were determined. RESULTS Use of FMO did not appear to affect SCC. For EC-NT and EC-FMO groups, mean bacterial cure times were 203 and 159 hours, clinical cure times were 276 and 360 hours, and systemic cure times were 144 and 159 hours, respectively; these times were not significantly different. Concentrations of a-lactalbumin were significantly increased in the EC-NT group at 12 hours and in the NI-FMO group at 36 and 60 hours after challenge, compared with values of cows in other treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared with results in control cows, FMO does not appear to be an efficacious treatment for experimentally induced moderate to severe E coli mastitis.
[Chronic anemia in heart transplant patients: prevalence, predisposing factors and prognostic significance].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Data on chronic anemia following heart transplantation (HT) are scarce and contradictory. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of chronic anemia after HT, to identify predisposing factors for the condition at 12 months, and to evaluate its influence on medium-term and long-term survival. METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent HT between 1991 and 2005 (n=457). Chronic anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level <12 g/dL. RESULTS The prevalence of post-HT chronic anemia was 75.5% at 1 month, 31% at 12 months, and 26.2% at 120 months. The condition was significantly more prevalent among women than men. Predisposing factors for chronic anemia 1 year post-HT were mild-to-moderate chronic renal failure (i.e., creatinine level >1.5 mg/dL; odds ratio [OR]=2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-5.0), female sex (OR=6.4; 95% CI, 3.1-13.2), and immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil compared with azathioprine (OR=2.6;, 95% CI, 1.4-4.8). The prevalence of chronic anemia 12 months after HT was independent of the donor's sex, the recipient's age, the etiology of the recipient's heart failure, diabetes mellitus, mild-to-moderate graft rejection, cytomegalovirus infection, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment. The presence of chronic anemia 12 months after HT did not influence either long-term survival (mean, 11.5 years with chronic anemia vs. 13.0 years without) or actuarial survival. CONCLUSIONS Post-HT chronic anemia is common, but improves with time and treatment. Predisposing factors for the condition 1 year post-HT include chronic renal failure, female sex, and immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil. The presence of chronic anemia does not appear to influence long-term survival.
Evaluation of cerebellar asymmetry with vertigo cases: a stereological study.

AIM We aimed to evaluate the relevant methods of stereology to estimate cerebellar asymmetry according to gender in both adult right-handed vertigo cases and healthy cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 14 adult control subjects and 18 patients with vertigo. The volumes of the cerebellar hemispheres were determined on MRI using the point-counting approach of stereological methods. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) of the right cerebellar hemispheres in the patients with vertigo were 52.49+/-5.42 cm3 in males, 50.11+/-4.02 cm3 in females. The mean (+/-SD) of the left cerebellar hemispheres in the patients with vertigo were 53.11+/-3.70 cm3 in males and 49.73+/-4.69 cm3 in females. There was no significant quantitative evidence detected in terms of cerebellar asymmetry between sagittal plane estimates in the cases with vertigo in both genders (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences by genders between vertigo and control subjects (p > 0.05). There was statistical significance only between right and left hemispheres in male control subjects (p=0.039) CONCLUSION: There was no cerebellar asymmetry between control and vertigo cases by gender. The stereological evaluation of cerebellar asymmetry or atrophy in humans in correlation with gender is of importance both for clinicians and anatomists. The technique is simple, reliable, inexpensive and unbiased.
Myelin—More than Insulation

Unusual features of myelin in the mammalian cerebral cortex permit more complex forms of network integration. [Also see Report by Tomassy et al.] Myelin is often compared to electrical insulation on nerve fibers. However, nerve impulses are not transmitted through neuronal axons the way electrons are conducted through a copper wire, and the myelin sheath is far more than an insulator. Myelin fundamentally changes the way neural impulses (information) are generated and transmitted, and its damage causes dysfunction in many nervous system disorders including multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, spinal cord injury, and cognitive impairments. A detailed understanding of myelin structure is therefore imperative, but is lacking. On page 319 of this issue, Tomassy et al. (1) provide a high-resolution global view of myelin structure spanning the six layers of mammalian cerebral cortex. The findings are likely to spark new concepts about how information is transmitted and integrated in the brain.
Partially Observed Markov Decision Processes: From Filtering to Controlled Sensing

This document is an internet supplement to my book"Partially Observed Markov Decision Processes - From Filtering to Controlled Sensing"published by Cambridge University Press in 2016. This internet supplement contains exercises, examples and case studies. The material appears in this internet supplement (instead of the book) so that it can be updated. This document will evolve over time and further discussion and examples will be added. This internet supplement document is work in progress and will be updated periodically. I welcome constructive comments from readers of the book and this internet supplement.
Sexual partner selection and HIV risk reduction among Black and White men who have sex with men.

OBJECTIVES We examined differences in sexual partner selection between Black and White men who have sex with men (MSM) to better understand how HIV status of participants' sexual partners and related psychosocial measures influence risk taking among these men. METHODS We collected cross-sectional surveys from self-reported HIV-negative Black MSM and White MSM attending a gay pride festival in Atlanta, Georgia. RESULTS HIV-negative White MSM were more likely than were HIV-negative Black MSM to report having unprotected anal intercourse with HIV-negative men, and HIV-negative Black MSM were more likely than were HIV-negative White MSM to report having unprotected anal intercourse with HIV status unknown partners. Furthermore, White MSM were more likely to endorse serosorting (limiting unprotected partners to those who have the same HIV status) beliefs and favorable HIV disclosure beliefs than were Black MSM. CONCLUSIONS White MSM appear to use sexual partner-related risk reduction strategies to reduce the likelihood of HIV infection more than do Black MSM. Partner selection strategies have serious limitations; however, they may explain in part the disproportionate number of HIV infections among Black MSM.
Time-resolved observation of spin-charge deconfinement in fermionic Hubbard chains

Spin and charge go their separate ways Strongly interacting chains of fermions are predicted to exhibit two types of collective excitations: spinons, which carry only spin, and holons, which carry only charge. These excitations move at different velocities. Signatures of this so-called spin-charge separation have been observed in solid-state systems, but obtaining direct dynamical evidence is tricky. With this goal in mind, Vijayan et al. perturbed a chain of ultracold interacting fermions housed in a one-dimensional optical lattice by removing one of the atoms. This gave rise to two independent excitations, which the researchers identified as spinons and holons using a quantum gas microscope. Science, this issue p. 186 Quantum gas microscopy is used to track spinons and holons in a 1D optical lattice filled with interacting 6Li atoms. Elementary particles carry several quantum numbers, such as charge and spin. However, in an ensemble of strongly interacting particles, the emerging degrees of freedom can fundamentally differ from those of the individual constituents. For example, one-dimensional systems are described by independent quasiparticles carrying either spin (spinon) or charge (holon). Here, we report on the dynamical deconfinement of spin and charge excitations in real space after the removal of a particle in Fermi-Hubbard chains of ultracold atoms. Using space- and time-resolved quantum gas microscopy, we tracked the evolution of the excitations through their signatures in spin and charge correlations. By evaluating multipoint correlators, we quantified the spatial separation of the excitations in the context of fractionalization into single spinons and holons at finite temperatures.
Leveraging Trust and Distrust in Recommender Systems via Deep Learning

The data scarcity of user preferences and the cold-start problem often appear in real-world applications and limit the recommendation accuracy of collaborative filtering strategies. Leveraging the selections of social friends and foes can efficiently face both problems. In this study, we propose a strategy that performs social deep pairwise learning. Firstly, we design a ranking loss function incorporating multiple ranking criteria based on the choice in users, and the choice in their friends and foes to improve the accuracy in the top-k recommendation task. We capture the nonlinear correlations between user preferences and the social information of trust and distrust relationships via a deep learning strategy. In each backpropagation step, we follow a social negative sampling strategy to meet the multiple ranking criteria of our ranking loss function. We conduct comprehensive experiments on a benchmark dataset from Epinions, among the largest publicly available that has been reported in the relevant literature. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model beats other state-of-the art methods, attaining an 11.49% average improvement over the most competitive model. We show that our deep learning strategy plays an important role in capturing the nonlinear correlations between user preferences and the social information of trust and distrust relationships, and demonstrate the importance of our social negative sampling strategy on the proposed model.