Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Chronic Carvedilol Administration on Blood Pressure Variability and Target Organ Injury in Rats with Sinoaortic Denervation

Background: Increased blood pressure variability is a novel risk factor for the development of target organ injury both inhypertensive and normotensive subjects, so its reduction should be considered as a new therapeutic goal.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term oral carvedilol treatment on blood pressure, bloodpressure variability and target organ injury in the left ventricle and thoracic aorta in a model of blood pressure liability.Methods: Twelve male Wistar rats submitted to sinoaortic denervation were treated during 8 weeks with a single dose ofcarvedilol 30 mg/kg or vehicle. At the end of treatment, echocardiographic evaluation and blood pressure and short-term variabilitymeasurements were performed. Left ventricular and thoracic aortic weights were determined and histological sampleswere prepared from both tissues. Metalloproteinase MMP-2 and transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) were quantified in theleft ventricle and thoracic aorta.Results: Carvedilol reduced systolic blood pressure and its variability in sinoaortic-denervated rats compared with the controlgroup (126±5 vs. 142±11 mmHg, p<0.05; SD: 2.9±0.5 vs. 6.0±0.5 mmHg; p<0.05). A lower amount of connective tissue wasfound in carvedilol-treated animals. The expression of TGF-b decreased in both organs after carvedilol treatment.Conclusions: Chronic carvedilol treatment significantly reduces systolic blood pressure and its short-term variability insinoaortic-denervated rats, decreasing the degree of left ventricular fibrosis.
A Clinical Method for Prediction of Alveolar Bone Mineral Density in the Area between the Second Premolar and First Molar in Iraqi Adults with Class I Occlusion

Background: Orthodontic mini-implants are increasingly used in orthodontics and the bone density is a very important factor in stabilization and success of mini-implant. The aim of this study was to observe the relationship among maximum bite force (MBF); body mass index (BMI); face width, height and type; and bone density in an attempt to predict bone density from these variables to eliminate the need for CT scan which have a highly hazard on patient. Materials and Methods: Computed tomographic (CT) images were obtained for 70 patients (24 males and 46 females) with age range 18-30 years. The maxillary and mandibular buccal cortical and cancellous bone densities were measured between 2nd premolar and 1st molar at two levels from the alveolar crest (3 and 6 mm). Face height and width were measured from CT. Clinically; Maximum bite force was measured on first molar region unilaterally by a digital device. The sample was divided into two groups according to the body mass index into; normal and overweight. Results: The results obtained showed that there were no statistical significant differences in MBF or bone density in both genders. Only the cortical bone density in maxilla in overweight group tended to be higher than normal BMI group. The face width and height correlated significantly negatively with MBF which correlated significantly positively with cortical bone density. Conclusions: It was concluded that a prediction of cortical bone density of preselected areas can be made from maximum bite force, body mass index and inter-zygomatic width.
Study on patterns and prevalence of EEG abnormalities in children presenting with behavioural disturbances in psychiatry OPD, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital

1Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India, 2Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India, 3Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Psychiatry, Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India, 4Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Psychiatry, Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India, 5Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
Laying the foundation for a developmental evaluation of the Omidyar Fellows Program, cohort I

The Omidyar Fellows Program’s theory of change envisioned the creation of a community of leaders through which innovative and adaptive interventions are implemented in dynamic, interconnected island environments, and transform the State of Hawai‘i. Pre-developmental or formative evaluation activities provided feedback on this system change initiative to enable adaptation and change. Evaluation data in two major groups, program and cohort impact, were collected and analyzed over the course of the 15-month program and six month post program periods. Consistent with the developmental evaluation approach, the evaluator took on the perspective, lens and context of an “insider” despite Fellow perceptions as a 3 party. Two primarily utilitarian work products were produced: (a) a formative evaluation of the program near term impacts on Cohort I, including analyses of program design elements and activities and impacts of such program design on Cohort I; and (b) a program formative evaluation framework in which subsequent program, including cohort, data can be collected and analyzed for short (by cohort), mid (three to five years) and long term (five plus years) developmental evaluative learning and adaptation. The foundation laying or predevelopmental evaluation approach and work products supported program leadership’s evaluative learning in responding to program posed key questions; assessed program alignment and the fidelity of implementing program design elements and activities; developed adaptive considerations in support of transformative, social innovation; and implemented adaptive program and initiative management.
Association between Cephalexin Administration and Emergence of Methicillin-resistant Coagulase-positive Staphylococci (MRCoPS) in Dogs

The potential transmission of methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (MRCoPS) between dogs and human has been noted as of potential public health concern. The current study aimed to determine the emergence of methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (MRCoPS) in dogs after oral administration of cephalexin. Skin swabs from 38 dogs without a history of antibiotic exposure were collected before drug administration (pre-treatment dogs) and during drug administration within one month (treatment dogs). A total of 196 CoPS were isolated from the nose, perineum and skin lesions. Fewer MRCoPS were isolated from the pre-treatment dogs (7.89%) than from the treatment dogs (p<0.001). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) schleiferi subsp. coagulans (MRSSc) were only recovered from the treatment dogs, whereas methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) were found in both groups. Overall, a high incidence of MRSP was found since the first week after administration. The nose and perineum were confirmed as the most common site of carriage of MRCoPS rather than the skin lesions. In conclusion, the oral cephalexin administration was associated with the emergence of MRCoPS on dog skin, a potential source of contamination to humans.
Prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in the population aged 16–80 years in the Community of Madrid 2008–2009

Together with AIDS, the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Spain heads the list of communicable diseases in terms of impact on public health. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HCV antibodies in the Community of Madrid, assess changes in recent years and analyse associated risk factors. Descriptive cross-sectional study of a target population consisting of Community of Madrid residents aged 16–80 years old. Two-stage cluster sampling was performed, with stratification by socioeconomic status and percentage immigrant population. The sampling frame consisted of public blood extraction centers attached to the Madrid Health Service. Seroprevalence of HCV antibodies, prevalence ratios by age groups in comparison with 1999 survey data and prevalence association with risk factors were assessed using a logistic regression model. Prevalence of HCV antibodies for the age group 16–80 years was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.3–2.5). The age group with the highest prevalence was 41–60 years. In comparison with the 1999 survey, prevalence fell for the age groups 21–30 and 31–40 years and increased for the age group 41–60. Statistically significant associations were found for age, education, history of hepatitis C and consultation regarding liver problems. Seroprevalence of HCV antibodies in the Community of Madrid is similar to that shown in other regions of Spain. It is increasing in older age groups as the population at risk ages. Incidence of hepatitis C may be decreasing considering the decrease in the seroprevalence in the population younger than 40 related to the previous serosurvey. J. Med. Virol. 87:1697–1701, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacodynamic study of BAY 43-9006 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

3005 Background: BAY 43-9006 (BAY) is a novel signal transduction inhibitor that prevents tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis through blockade of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway at the level of Raf kinase and the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-2 and PDGFR-β. In preclinical models BAY administration is associated with decreased microvessel density and area in colon and breast cancer xenografts. We investigated alterations in tumor perfusion and vascular permeability associated with BAY using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Methods: BAY was given from day 1 to 28 of a 28 day cycle at 400 mg bid. DCE-MRI was performed at baseline and after a median of 6.1 weeks (range 2.7–10.9 weeks). The rate constant for gadolinium transfer from the vasculature to the interstitium (Ktrans) and volume fraction of the tissue extracellular and extravascular space (Ve) were calculated for an index lesion for each patient and were normalized for the arterial input function. Response was assessed with CT scans after 12 w.
Epidemiology and management of basketball related injuries in Rwanda

Basketball continues to increase in popularity worldwide as a participation sport at all levels of play, from recreational to professional. Each year, more than 1.6 million basketball-related injuries are treated in hospitals, Doctor's offices and emergency rooms in North America. In Rwanda, basketball and volleyball are the second popular sports, following football. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, mechanisms, nature and management of basketball related-injuries in Rwanda. The study design was retrospective survey over period of nine months. The study included all players of 12 teams. A structured self-administered questionnaire with closed-ended questions was used to gather information from basketball players. The questionnaire was adapted from the validated questionnaire used in a study on knee injury patterns among young basketball players in Cape Town. A response of 86.7% was obtained. The collected data were captured and analyzed by means of the Microsoft Excel package and SPSS. The associations between variables were evaluated by means of the chi-square test and 5% level of significance was used. The results were displayed using tables, bar chart, pie chart and graphs. All basketball players rep01ted to sustain one or more injuries. The injury rate was 3.6 injuries per player per season. The injmy prevalence was high during training (77%) compared to competition (23%). Ankle followed by fingers and knee were the most body parts involved. The most common mechanism of injury was landing badly. Self-treatment was a type of treatment mostly used by basketball players. The prevalence of basketball injury is high in Rwanda. The implementation of preventive strategies is of a paramount. A strong promotional campaign of physiotherapy services is needed, for adequate treatment and good rehabilitation of basketball players after injury.
Male emigration and changes in the family: impact on female sex roles.

International emigration has significant implications on the role of women particularly wives left behind in rural families. The present paper analyzes this by considering the changes brought on by male emigration to the Middle East from two villages in the Indian state of Kerala. The analysis is based on three factors--guardianship of family residential arrangement and management of major household activities. The paper suggests that rather than family disintegration male emigration could lead to more capable and self-confident women. (authors)
Peripheral gangrene in a child as a result of Primary Thrombocytosis

Essential Thrombocytosis (ET) is a clonal disorder of unknown etiology involving a multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cell and is manifested clinically by the overproduction of platelets without a definable cause. Clinically, ET is most often identified incidentally when a platelet count is obtained during the course of routine evaluation. There are very few case reports in the pediatric age group in which peripheral gangrene is caused by primary thrombocytosis or essential thrombocythemia. This is a case report of a 5 year old male child who presented to us as peripheral gangrene of toes which was caused by ET, one of the Myeloproloferrative disorders. KEYWORDS : Essential thrombocythemia; Gangrene, Myeloproliferative disorder; Primary thrombocytosis Internet Journal of Medical Update 2012 January;7(1):70-72
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Paradigm for Molecularly Targeted Therapy

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have become the focus of much attention in the oncology community this past year. This mesenchymal soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by the expression of a tyrosine kinase, KIT, in the majority of GISTs. The gene KIT, which encodes this tyrosine kinase, has been shown to contain mutations that result in enhanced growth and division. The presence of c-KIT provided rationale for targeting this tyrosine kinase as a potential therapy for GISTs. Two clinical trials have demonstrated impressive activity of a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, STI571 (also known as Gleevece, Imatinib Mesylate, and CPG 57148B), in this disease, which previously was poorly responsive to approaches other than surgery. This paper will review the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment approaches focusing on GISTs with malignant behavior as well as the role of KIT in this disease. The pathologic features of this disease will be reviewed in the accompanying article by Jonathan Fletcher.
The lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor that inhibits the factor VII-tissue factor complex also inhibits factor Xa: insight into its possible mechanism of action

Blood coagulation is initiated when plasma factor VII(a) binds to its essential cofactor tissue factor (TF) and proteolytically activates factors X and IX. Progressive inhibition of TF activity occurs upon its addition to plasma. This process is reversible and requires the presence of VII(a), catalytically active Xa, Ca2+, and another component that appears to be associated with the lipoproteins in plasma, a lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor (LACI). A protein, LACI(HG2), possessing the same inhibitory properties as LACI, has recently been isolated from the conditioned media of cultured human liver cells (HepG2). Rabbit antisera raised against a synthetic peptide based on the N-terminal sequence of LACI(HG2) and purified IgG from a rabbit immunized with intact LACI(HG2) inhibit the LACI activity in human serum. In a reaction mixture containing VIIa, Xa, Ca2+, and purified LACI(HG2), the apparent half-life (t1/2) for TF activity was 20 seconds. The presence of heparin accelerated the initial rate of inhibition threefold. Antithrombin III alpha alone had no effect, but antithrombin III alpha with heparin abrogated the TF inhibition. LACI(HG2) also inhibited Xa with an apparent t1/2 of 50 seconds. Heparin enhanced the rate of Xa inhibition 2.5-fold, whereas phospholipids and Ca2+ slowed the reaction 2.5-fold. Xa inhibition was demonstrable with both chromogenic substrate (S-2222) and bioassays, but no complex between Xa and LACI(HG2) could be visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Nondenaturing PAGE, however, showed that LACI(HG2) bound to Xa but not to X or Xa inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate. Thus, LACI(HG2) appears to bind to Xa at or near its active site. Bovine factor Xa lacking its gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing domain, BXa(-GD), through treatment with alpha-chymotrypsin, was used to further investigate the Xa requirement for VIIa/TF inhibition by LACI(HG2). LACI(HG2) bound to BXa(-GD) and inhibited its catalytic activity against a small molecular substrate (Spectrozyme Xa), though at a rate approximately sevenfold slower than native BXa. Preincubation of LACI(HG2) with saturating concentrations of BXa(-GD) markedly retarded the subsequent inhibition of BXa. The VII(a)/TF complex was not inhibited by LACI(HG2) in the presence of BXa(-GD), and further, preincubation of LACI(HG2) with BXa(-GD) slowed the inhibition of VIIa/TF after the addition of native Xa. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of VII(a)/TF involves the formation of a VIIa-TF-XA-LACI complex that requires the GD of XA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS).
Male Breast Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study of 50 Cases From Iran

Background and Objective: Male breast carcinoma (MBC) is an unusual form of neoplasia, representing 0.7 to 1 percent of all breast cancer cases. Usually, the carcinoma affects patients after the sixth decade. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) and prognostic factors (p53 and Her-2/neu) in a series of male patients with breast cancer and correlate them with tumor grade and stage. Materials and Methods: Fifty cases of breast carcinoma in male patients, retrieved from the files of the Cancer Institute from 1996 until 2005 was included in this study. Results: Most of the cases were categorized as grade 2 (65.3%), grade 1 cases comprised 20.4% and grade 3 was 14.3%. Stage IIb was the largest group (32%). Estrogen receptor was detected in 90% of cases and progesterone receptor in 68% of cases and no significant correlation was found between estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity and tumor grade or stage. In addition, p53 and Her-2/ neu staining revealed positivity in 11 cases (27.5% ) and 13 cases (26%) respectively with strong positivity in only 6 cases and no significant correlation was found between tumor grade and stage and p53 expression. It is clear from our data that Her-2/neu positivity in MBC is lower than in female breast carcinoma. Conclusion: This study, which comprises rather large series of MBC in Iran during a 10-year period, shows that most patients refer in rather late stages and prognostic factors such as p53 and Her-2/neu has no significant correlation with tumor grade and stage at presentation in our patients.
Caracterización de la cultura de crack en la ciudad de Sao Paulo: el padrón del uso controlado

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a situacao do uso de crack na cidade de Sao Paulo, assim como o perfil sociodemografico de seu usuario. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLOGICOS: Estudo qualitativo etnografico com amostra intencional de usuarios (n=45) e ex-usuarios de crack (n=17). Os participantes foram recrutados pela tecnica de amostragem em cadeias e responderam a uma entrevista semi-estruturada, direcionada por questionario, durante os anos de 2004 e 2005. O conjunto de cada questao e suas respectivas respostas originou relatorios especificos que foram interpretados individualmente. ANALISE DOS RESULTADOS: O perfil predominante do usuario de crack foi ser homem, jovem, solteiro, de baixa classe socioeconomica, baixo nivel de escolaridade e sem vinculos empregaticios formais. O padrao de uso mais frequentemente citado foi o compulsivo, caracterizado pelo uso multiplo de drogas e desenvolvimento de atividades ilicitas em troca de crack ou dinheiro. Entretanto, identificou-se o uso controlado que consiste no uso nao-diario de crack, mediado por fatores individuais, desenvolvidos intuitivamente pelo usuario e semelhantes, em natureza, as estrategias adotadas por ex-usuarios para o alcance do estado de abstinencia. CONCLUSOES: A cultura do uso de crack tem sofrido mudancas quanto ao padrao de uso. Embora a maioria dos usuarios o faca de forma compulsiva, observou-se a existencia do uso controlado, que merece maior detalhamento, principalmente quanto as estrategias adotadas para seu alcance.
Avaliação descritiva sobre o uso de esteroides anabolizantes e seu efeito sobre as variáveis bioquímicas e neuroendócrinas em indivíduos que praticam exercício resistido

The use of anabolic asteroids has become a public health problem over the last years. Concerning their abusive use, many deleterious effects caused in their totality by dysfunction of the various physiological systems can be observed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the hypophyseal-gonadal axis, hormone function, hepatic transaminases and hemogram profile of 61 volunteers distributed in three groups: 20 anabolic steroid users, practitioners of resisted physical exercise; 21 practitioners of resisted physical exercise with no use of anabolic steroids and 20 sedentary subjects. Increase of the creatine kinase level was observed in the two exercised groups in comparison to the sedentary group (p < 0.001). Reduction of the LH and FSH gonadotrpins of the steroid users group and increase in the estradiol level were observed in comparison to the sedentary and with no steroid use groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, reduction of the HDL cholesterol fraction was observed in comparison to the two studied groups (p < 0.001). Thus, the use of anabolic steroids causes biochemical alterations which can lead to the installation of collateral effects.