Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SEVERAL STRUCTURES OF CONTEMPORARY GROUPS ON ESTIMATES OF ( CO ) VARIANCE AND GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR WEANING WEIGHT IN NELLORE CATTLE

We used actual and adjusted weights to 120 d and 210 d of age of 72,731 male and female Nellore calves born in 40 PMGRN Nellore Brazil herds from 1985 to 2005 aiming to compare the effect of different definitions of contemporary groups on estimates of (co)variance and genetic parameters. Four models, each one with a different structure of contemporary group (CG), were compared using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and the Consistent Akaike Information Criterion (CAIC). (Co)variance estimates were obtained using a derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood procedure. Estimates of (co)variances and genetic parameters were similar for the four models considered. However, the BIC and CAIC indicated that the most appropriate model for this Nellore population was the one that considered CG to be random, and sex of calf to be fixed and separate from CG, in which CG was defined as the group of calves born in the same herd, year, season of birth (trimester), and undergone the same management.
Nonlinearities in the U.S. Wage Phillips Curve

We examine the relationship between wage inflation and the unemployment rate in the U.S. economy for the 1964–2014 period by means of a three-regime threshold regression model. The estimated threshold parameters suggest that this relationship changes when the unemployment rate transitions between regimes defined by 5.61% and 7.63%. During mild recessions and their subsequent recoveries, the time-varying estimates of the model indicate a negative relationship between both variables, consistent with the implications of a wage Phillips curve (WPC) derived from the standard New Keynesian model with staggered wage setting in Gali (2011). However, we find that this relationship breaks down during deep recessions and their recovery periods, which explains the difference between wage inflation predicted by standard New Keynesian models and the observed low wage growth in the aftermath of the ‘Great Recession’. This finding and the fact that statistical tests strongly favor our three-regime model suggest that linear and two-regime models are insufficient to account for all the variability in the relationship between wage inflation and unemployment.
Grandparenting in Europe: family policy and grandparents’ role in providing childcare

Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Deletion in poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase pseudogene and lung cancer risk.

The poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PADPRP) gene has been implicated in carcinogenesis through its role in DNA repair, replication and recombination. A two-allele polymorphism in the chromosome 13 PADPRP pseudogene has been studied in several racial groups. It has been suggested that the B allele, which results from a 193-bp deletion in the gene, predisposes to myeloma in Blacks. We assessed the association between chromosome 13 PADPRP pseudogene genotype, mutagen sensitivity (a marker reflecting host DNA repair capability), cigarette smoking, and lung cancer risk in a minority lung cancer case-control study. The chromosome 13 PADPRP pseudogene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-based analysis. Mutagen sensitivity was measured by an in vitro assay that quantified bleomycin-induced chromatid breaks in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. We examined 121 cases (80 African-Americans and 41 Mexican-Americans) with previously untreated lung cancer and 171 matched controls. Our results suggested that the distribution of the PADPRP pseudogene genotype frequencies was significantly different among African-American and Mexican-American controls (P < 0.001). The susceptibility genotype (i.e. at least one B allele) was found in 82.5% of African-American cases, 79.4% of African-American controls, 53.7% of Mexican-American cases, and 32.4% of Mexican-American controls. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for the PADPRP susceptibility genotypes were 2.3 (95% CI = 0.7-8.0) and 3.2 (95% CI = 1.0-10.3) for African-Americans and Mexican-Americans respectively, after adjustment by age, sex, pack-years and mutagen sensitivity. Patients with the susceptibility genotype appeared to have more mutagen-induced breaks than did patients with the other genotype. Only adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with the PADPRP susceptibility genotype (OR = 3.8). Mutagen sensitivity (> or = 1 break/cell) was significantly associated with lung cancer risk for both ethnic groups with increased ORs of above three-fold. On stratified analysis, synergistic interactions were noted for the PADPRP susceptibility genotype, mutagen sensitivity and smoking status. In Mexican-Americans, the ORs for PADPRP susceptibility genotype, mutagen sensitivity and both risk factors combined were 1.3, 2.7 and 17.1 respectively. The combined OR for the PADPRP susceptibility genotype and smoking status was 15.6. Therefore, this polymorphism appears to be associated with lung cancer risk. However, it is likely that no single genotype is sufficiently predictive of risk and that a panel of susceptibility markers is needed to define the high-risk subgroup.
Long‐Term Studies Contribute Disproportionately to Ecology and Policy

Abstract As the contribution for long‐term ecological and environmental studies (LTEES) to our understanding of how species and ecosystems respond to a changing global climate becomes more urgent, the relative number and investment in LTEES are declining. To assess the value of LTEES to advancing the field of ecology, we evaluated relationships between citation rates and study duration, as well as the representation of LTEES with the impact factors of 15 ecological journals. We found that the proportionate representation of LTEES increases with journal impact factor and that the positive relationship between citation rate and study duration is stronger as journal impact factor increases. We also found that the representation of LTEES in reports written to inform policy was greater than their representation in the ecological literature and that their authors particularly valued LTEES. We conclude that the relative investment in LTEES by ecologists and funders should be seriously reconsidered for advancing ecology and its contribution to informing environmental policy.
The “Atlantis Forest hypothesis” does not explain Atlantic Forest phylogeography

Leite et al. (1) conclude that isolation according to the forest refuge hypothesis (FRH) may have had a minor, if any, role on Atlantic Forest (AF) biotic evolution based on genetic data from five mammal species. Their evidence comes from signatures of population expansion during both glacial and interglacial periods, and fragmentation of reconstructed distributions during interglacial periods. Despite its novelty (i.e., the influence of sea-level changes in AF phylogeography), Leite et al.’s study presents many issues that need a critical appraisal. First, analyses based on a single locus are prone to stochastic error and often lack sufficient variation for detecting historical processes, such as bottlenecks and shallow population structure, which are key in contrasting refugium vs. nonrefugium hypotheses. Leite et al.’s (1 … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: fabioraposo{at}gmail.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
The Accounting Treatment of Goodwill, Idiosyncratic Risk, and Market Pricing

We study the relationship between goodwill and future returns by considering how the information content of goodwill before and after Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 142 affects idiosyncratic return volatility (IVOL). Contrary to expectations, previous research has documented that stocks with high IVOL have low future returns (IVOL anomaly). We build on research that shows that high IVOL is a function of low information on future earnings and define goodwill as a growth option that could be priced through IVOL. Our results show that, during the goodwill amortization period, IVOL is high and the IVOL anomaly is strong. In contrast, nonamortized and tested for impairment goodwill is informative and corrects the IVOL anomaly. We find evidence that SFAS 142’s recognition of goodwill as an asset with indefinite useful life results in value-relevant information about firm growth options and future earnings, thus reducing IVOL, eliminating the IVOL anomaly, and creating an environment of more efficient market pricing of risk.
Essays on Informal Care, Labor Supply and Wages

by MEGHAN SKIRA Dissertation Committee: ANDREW BEAUCHAMP (co-chair) PETER GOTTSCHALK (co-chair) NORMA B. COE This dissertation examines how caregiving for an elderly parent affects an adult child’s labor supply and wages. In the first chapter (co-authored with Courtney H. Van Houtven and Norma B. Coe) we identify the relationship between informal care and labor force participation in the United States, both on the intensive and extensive margins, and examine wage effects. We control for time-invariant individual heterogeneity; rule out or control for endogeneity; examine effects for men and women separately; and analyze heterogeneous effects by task and intensity. We find modest decreases—1.4-2.4 percentage points—in the likelihood of working for caregivers providing personal care. Male and female chore caregivers, meanwhile, are more likely to retire. For female care providers who remain working, we find evidence that they decrease work by 3-10 hours per week and face a 2.3-2.6 percent wage penalty. We find little effect of caregiving on working men’s hours or wages except for a wage premium for male intensive caregivers. In the second chapter I formulate and estimate a dynamic discrete choice model of elder parent care and work to analyze how caregiving affects a woman’s current and future labor force participation and wages. Intertemporal tradeoffs, such as decreased future earning capacity due to a current reduction in labor market work, are central to the decision to provide care. The existing literature, however, overlooks such long-term considerations. I depart from the previous literature by modeling caregiving and work decisions in an explicitly intertemporal framework. The model incorporates dynamic elements such as the health of the elderly parent, human capital accumulation and job offer availability. I estimate the model on a sample of women from the Health and Retirement Study by efficient method of moments. The estimates indicate that intertemporal tradeoffs matter considerably. In particular, women face low probabilities of returning to work or increasing work hours after a caregiving spell. Using the estimates, I simulate several government sponsored elder care policy experiments: a longer unpaid leave than currently available under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993; a paid work leave; and a caregiver allowance. The leaves encourage more work among intensive care providers since they guarantee a woman can return to her job, while the caregiver allowance discourages work. A comparison of the welfare gains generated by the policies shows that half the value of the paid leave can be achieved with the unpaid leave, and the caregiver allowance generates gains comparable to the unpaid leave.
Individual variation in avian avoidance behaviours in response to repeated, simulated vehicle approach

Birds exhibit variation in alert and flight behaviours in response to vehicles within and between species, but it is unclear how properties inherent to individuals influence variation in avoidance responses over time. We examined individual variation in avoidance behaviours of Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783)) in response to repeated presentation of a simulated vehicle approach in a video playback scenario. We modeled temporal alert and flight behaviours to determine whether overall behavioural variation resulted primarily from variation within individuals (i.e., intraindividual variation) or between individuals (i.e., interindividual variation). We examined reaction norms (individual × treatment day) and whether birds showed plasticity in responses via habituation or sensitization. Repeatability in the response metrics for individuals was low (∼0.22 for alert and flight), indicating that model variation was due primarily to within-individual variation rather than between-individual .
Evaluation of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) at a High Volume Tertiary Referral Centre: What are we Missing? A Study Spanning 85,404 Live Births Over 9 Years

Maternal mortality is defined internationally, as maternal death rate per 1,00,000 live births. India is among those countries, which has a very high maternal mortality ratio. The current maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in India is 212/100,000 live births.This study was done to assess maternal mortality in a tertiary medical college hospital situated in semi urban part of coastal Andhra Pradesh. A retrospective hospital based study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Government general hospital, Rangaraya Medical College a semi urban tertiary level health care referral centre in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India over a period of 9 years from January 2006 to December 2014. A total 292 maternal deaths were analyzed . The mean maternal mortality rate in the study period was 341.90/100000 live births.Maximum maternal deaths (60.9%) were reported in the age group of 20 to 24 years. However a significant number of deaths (12.3%) occurred in teenage pregnancies. More deaths were reported in multiparous women (54.8%) as compared to Primiparas. (45.2%), more maternal deaths were reported in women from rural areas (80.4%) as compared to women from urban areas (19.6%). Maximum maternal deaths were reported in un booked patients (66.8%) as compared to booked patients (33.2%). The classical triad of eclampsia (47.5%),hemorrhage (28.9%), and sepsis (23.4%) was the major direct causes of maternal deaths. Anemia, jaundice, heart disease and malaria accounted for 15.5%, 22.9%, 21.1% and 7.3%of indirect maternal deaths respectively.
Risk factors and factors affecting the severity of overactive bladder symptoms in Korean women who use public health centers

Objective To investigate the prevalence, risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) and the factors affecting the severity of OAB symptoms. Methods A total 822 interviews with women aged 18–80 years who visited public health centers were conducted between April 2014 and April 2015. The questionnaire was composed of 16 questions about urinary symptoms, 14 questions about self-treatment and the use of complementary and alternative medicine, and 21 questions about socio-demographic characteristics. The diagnostic criterion for OAB is a total OAB symptom score of 3 and more, with an urgency score of 2 or more. To know the risk factors and factors affecting the severity of OAB, the multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results One hundred fifty-seven participants (19.3%) were diagnosed with OAB, of whom 10.7%, 8.1%, and 0.7% had mild, moderate, and severe OAB symptoms, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of OAB increased with age. Among all the participants, 39.1% had stress incontinence, among them 32.7% had OAB as well. The significant risk factors of OAB were identified as age, current smoking, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular and renal disease, whereas, the factors affecting the severity of OAB were age, current smoking, and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion Those who have risk factors and factors affecting severity of OAB should be educated to increase OAB awareness and act of urinary health promotion.
Current Nursing Practice for Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in ICUs

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and morality in ventilated patient. Strategies for prevention of VAP is a significant concern for health care team in intensive care units (ICUs). Nursing practice for prevention of VAP would have a significant impact on patient outcome. The main aim of the study was to investigate the current nursing practice for prevention of VAP in ICUs. The study involved a convenient sample of 150 critical care nurses. Data were collected from six ICUs at one University Hospital in Egypt between June 2011 and September 2011. Two methods were used for data collection including nurses' self administered questionnaire about the current practices for prevention of VAP, and direct observation of nursing care of mechanically ventilated patients. The results of the study revealed that there is no available protocol for VAP prevention in the studies ICUs. This explains the variation in nursing practice among ICUs, and why all evidences are not translated into practice. The findings of the study highlighted the need for developing and implementing a protocol for VAP prevention in ICUs. There is also a need for training programs for nurses on infection control and VAP preventive measures. [Nahed Kandeel and Nayera Tantawy. Current Nursing Practice for Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in ICUs. Life Sci J 2012;9(3):966-975]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 138
Modified Bunnell suture expands the surgical indication of the treatment of Haglund's syndrome heel pain with endoscope

The aim of the present study was to develop a method which can solve the problem of partial tearing of the Achilles tendon insertion caused by the debridement for Haglund's syndrome using endoscopy-assisted percutaneous repair. Seven patients with Haglund's syndrome were prospectively recruited. All 7 patients (3 female, 4 male) had intratendinous calcifications. Preoperative diagnosis was made according to the clinical symptoms and diagnosis, medical examination results, plain film radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging. The patients whose average age was 35.2 years, had experienced symptoms and were treated by conservative methods for 12–24 months (average 17.1 months). All 7 cases were treated with debridement of Achilles tendon insertion site with a standard 4.0 mm bur and underwent repair treatment with a modified Bunnell suture method under direct visualization using arthroscopy. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and the changes of the patient's parallel pitch lines were used to evaluate and assess the results. The follow-up period averaged 22 months. The lateral X-ray film after operation of all the heels of the patients showed that sufficient osseous planning of all the patients was completed. None of the patients converted to conventional open surgery. The average AOFAS scores of the 7 cases were improved significantly at final follow-up compared to pretherapy (P<0.005). The results of 5 of the 7 cases were excellent, 2, were good, and 0 was fair or poor. None of the cases had permanent nerve injuries, wound infections or Achilles tendon avulsion. Our study is a supplement of endoscopic repairing and strengthening of the Achilles tendon. The advantages and clinical significance of endoscopy during the treatment of Haglunds syndrome under the premise of strict control of operation indications were further verified.
The relationship between circadian disruption and the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php ChronoPhysiology and Therapy 2014:4 137–145 ChronoPhysiology and Therapy Dovepress
Subclinical orthostatic pulse pressure confirms mothers' ratings of ADHD in preschoolers.

Subclinical levels of orthostatic hypotension (OH) have been linked to a variety of emotional and behavioral outcomes across the life span. These connections are not surprising, given the multitude of correlated conditions, including autonomic control, cardiovascular functioning, baroreceptor activity, and dopamine and serotonin. The current study assessed blood pressure regulation in healthy preschool children ages 3-5 (n = 61). The Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised was used to assess indexes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). With the difference between standing and supine pulse pressure as the index of orthostatic blood pressure regulation, the results indicated that efficient pulse pressure regulation was significantly correlated with lower ADHD scores. Poorer orthostatic pulse pressure regulation in response to an orthostatic challenge may be a risk for symptoms of ADHD.
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Oral Magnesium Hydroxide

Despite the presumption of a beneficial effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on various diseases, little is known concerning the pharmacokinetics of Mg hydroxide. This study was designed to provide a pharmacokinetic profile of Mg hydroxide after a single oral dose. Ten healthy male adults participated in this cross‐over study with three 24‐hr study days. Interventions were (i) none (baseline), (ii) oral intake of three (3 × 360 mg) tablets of Mg hydroxide (Mablet®) and (iii) IV bolus infusion of 2 g Mg sulphate (index drug). Blood samples were collected before the single dose, after (i.e. after treatment administration) 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. and after 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hr. Urine was collected in four 6‐hr periods per study day. Blood (N = 10) and urine (N = 6) Mg were analysed by descriptive statistics. Bioavailability was 14.9% (CI: 8.3; 26.8), blood clearance was 5.1 L/hr (CI: 2.1; 17.0), apparent volume of distribution was 60.2 L (CI: 35.6; 102.0), elimination constant was 0.08 per hour (CI: 0.05; 0.14), half‐life was 8.3 hr (CI: 4.8; 14.1), Cmax was 0.11 mmol/L (CI: 0.07; 0.14), and AUC[0–24] was 92.3 mmol/L × min. (CI: 45.5; 139.1). Urine Mg excretion augmented by 17.7% (CI: 8.9; 35.0) from baseline. No severe side effects were observed. The bioavailability of Mg hydroxide was 15%, and it constitutes a clinically relevant option for oral Mg supplementation. No severe side effects were seen.