Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of BiliCare™ Transcutaneus Bilirrubin Meter in Mexican Newborns

Background Newborn hyperbilirubinemia is considered a worldwide health problem that demands medical evaluation. Noninvasive transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) has been used as a screening method with different devices but there has not been any evaluation of reproducibility of the same brand devices. The BiliCare™ system is evaluated to demonstrate consistency between measurements with four different devices. Methods 336 TcB measurements were obtained with four BiliCare™ devices in 21 Mexican icteric newborns with a mean postnatal age of 44.1 hours of life and 38 weeks of gestation (33–41). Two measurements were taken in the same ear alternatively at the scaphoid fossa with each device. TcB values were compared between devices. Validity was compared with total serum bilirubin (TB). Results intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrates a minimum limit in the study of 0.945 and maximum of 0.988 with the same device. Correlations with serum and between devices gave results above 0.932. Conclusions BiliCare™ transcutaneous bilirubin measurement instrument has very good intra- and interdevice reproducibility; also correlation of TcS with serum bilirubin gave statistically the same results.
Two-level DP-matching--A dynamic programming-based pattern matching algorithm for connected word recognition

This paper reports a pattern matching approach to connected word recognition. First, a general principle of connected word recognition is given based on pattern matching between unknown continuous speech and artificially synthesized connected reference patterns. Time-normalization capability is allowed by use of dynamic programming-based time-warping technique (DP-matching). Then, it is shown that the matching process is efficiently carried out by breaking it down into two steps. The derived algorithm is extensively subjected to recognition experiments. It is shown in a talker-adapted recognition experiment that digit data (one to four digits) connectedly spoken by five persons are recognized with as high as 99.6 percent accuracy. Computation time and memory requirement are both proved to be within reasonable limits.
NON-ISOMORPHISM OF L p -SPACES ASSOCIATED WITH FINITE AND INFINITE VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS

If ( M 1 ;(cid:28) 1 ) is a (cid:12)nite von Neumann algebra and if ( M 2 ;(cid:28) 2 ) is an in(cid:12)nite (semi(cid:12)nite) von Neumann algebra, then L p ( M 1 ;(cid:28) 1 ) and L p ( M 2 ;(cid:28) 2 ) are non-isomorphic for all p 2 (1 ; 1 ) ; p 6 = 2 .
Earthquake Faulting at Ancient Cnidus, SW Turkey

The ruins of Cnidus, an important ancient city in southwestern Asia Minor, lie directly on an earthquake fault — the Cnidus Fault. Offset and deformed archaeological remains along the trace of the fault testify to its recent activation. The ancient city's famous Round Temple of Aphrodite is vertically offset by 0.35 m across the fault. The fault also forms the back wall to the Sanctuary of Demeter where Roman-age walls are displaced and deformed by slip on the fault. Archaeological evidence suggests multiple episodes of abrupt destruction at the site and, in the Sanctuary of Demeter, indicates past earthquake surface rupture on the Cnidus Fault. Other evidence of seismic damage is apparent at the site, most notably the parallel collapse of columns in a former stoa/row of shops, which directly overlie a destruction level dated by archaeologists to the 5 th century AD. Together, the geological and archaeological evidence points to at least two major seismic events affecting the site. The first event, around the late Hellenistic period (2 nd —3 rd century BC), caused the destruction of the original Round Temple and of a temple in the Sanctuary of Demeter. The second event involved surface rupture of the Cnidus Fault and was responsible for the dislocation of the replacement Round Temple and the later walls of the Sanctuary of Demeter. In both cases, the archaeological evidence is consistent with a late Roman to early Byzantine age for this second event, which, if contemporaneous with the 5 th century AD destruction of the stoa, supports an historical account of the city being devastated by an earthquake in AD 459. Ozet: Kucuk Asya'n›n guneybat›s›nda onemli bir antik kent olan Knidos'un kal›nt›lar› aktif bir fay olan Knidos Fay› uzerinde yer almaktad›r. Fay boyunca gozlenen deformasyona uram›fl arkeolojik kal›nt›lar, fay›n yak›n gecmiflteki aktivitesini gostermektedir. Antik kentin unlu yuvarlak Afrodit Tap›na¤› fay taraf›ndan 0.35 m dufley olarak otelenmifltir. Ayr›ca bu fay, Demeter Tap›na¤›'n›n arka duvar›n› oluflturur ve Roma donemine ait duvarlar fay taraf›ndan kesilmifltir. Antik kentte ve Demeter Tap›na¤›'nda birbirini takip eden bircok ani y›k›m›n olduunu gosteren arkeolojik kan›tlar Knidus Fay›'n›n onceki depremlerde yuzey k›r›¤› oluflturduuna iflaret etmektedir. Kentte sismik hasar› gosteren dier kan›tlardan en onemlisi kutsal salonun stunlar›n›n, arkeologlar taraf›ndan M.S. 5. yuzy›lla tarihlenen bir y›k›m seviyesi uzerine paralel olarak direk y›k›lm›fl olmalar›d›r. Jeolojik ve arkeolojik kan›tlar kentin en az iki buyuk sismik olaydan etkilendiini gostermektedir. Bunlardan birincisi yuvarlak Afrodit Tap›na¤› ve Demeter Tap›na¤›'n›n y›k›lmas›na sebep olan yaklafl›k gec Hellenistik zamanda (M.O. 2.—3. yuzy›l) meydana gelen sismik olayd›r. ‹kincisi, yuvarlak Tap›nak ve Demeter Tap›na¤›'nda yerdeifltirmelere neden olan ve Knidos Fay›'nda yuzey k›r›klar› oluflturan depremdir. ‹kinci depremi arkeolojik kan›tlar gec Roma—erken Bizans donemine tarihlemektedir. Kutsal Salon'un da M.S. 5. yuzy›lda da y›k›lm›fl olmas› flehrin M.S. 459 y›l›nda bir deprem ile tamamen y›k›ld›¤›n› gostermektedir.
Income Comparisons in Chinese Villages *

The well-being effect of income comparisons has most often been evaluated in the context of rich countries. We here appeal to very unusual Chinese panel data from Guizhou province, in which all households in the village are interviewed. This allows us to determine household rank in the village income distribution. We find no evidence of income comparisons to neighbours in terms of income levels, nor in terms of simple income rank in the village. However, the top and bottom of the income rank distribution seem to matter disproportionately, suggesting that it may be a mistake to treat rank as cardinal. Equally, we find no evidence of adaptation to income levels, but do suggest that there may be adaptation to income rank. Last, the fit between subjective income rank in the village and the actual rank is only imperfect, while the former is an important determinant of well-being.
Shrinkage of Three Tropical Hardwoods Below and Above the Fiber Saturation Point

Two experimental techniques were used to perform moisture sorption tests at 25°C on samples of three tropical hardwood species: tornillo ( Cedrelinga cateniformis Ducke ), pumaquiro ( Aspidosperma macrocarpon Mart.), and huayruro ( Ormosia coccinea Jackson) woods. The first technique used saturated salt solutions at a relative humidity from 0% to 90%, and the second one used the pressure membrane method at above 96% relative humidity. These sorption tests were combined with shrinkage measurements. The fiber saturation point (FSP), estimated by interpolation to zero volumetric shrinkage, was 28%, 22.5%, and 21.5% for tornillo, pumaquiro, and huayruro, respectively. Results confirmed that at equilibrium moisture content, radial, tangential, and volumetric shrinkage occur above the actual FSP. This behavior can be explained by the effect of hysteresis at saturation on wood properties. This hysteresis indicates that loss of bound water takes place in the presence of liquid or capillary water, which contradicts the traditional concept of FSP. The initial equilibrium moisture content at which bound water starts to leave cell walls varied largely among the species: 52%, 36%, and 77% for tornillo, pumaquiro, and huayruro, respectively. The liquid water remaining in wood could be principally located in the least permeable flow paths of these wood species.
Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty estimation on structural data in implicit 3-D geological modeling, a guide for disturbance distribution selection and parameterization

Abstract. Three-dimensional (3-D) geological structural modeling aims to determine geological information in a 3-D space using structural data (foliations and interfaces) and topological rules as inputs. This is necessary in any project in which the properties of the subsurface matters; they express our understanding of geometries in depth. For that reason, 3-D geological models have a wide range of practical applications including but not restricted to civil engineering, the oil and gas industry, the mining industry, and water management. These models, however, are fraught with uncertainties originating from the inherent flaws of the modeling engines (working hypotheses, interpolator's parameterization) and the inherent lack of knowledge in areas where there are no observations combined with input uncertainty (observational, conceptual and technical errors). Because 3-D geological models are often used for impactful decision-making it is critical that all 3-D geological models provide accurate estimates of uncertainty. This paper's focus is set on the effect of structural input data measurement uncertainty propagation in implicit 3-D geological modeling. This aim is achieved using Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty estimation (MCUE), a stochastic method which samples from predefined disturbance probability distributions that represent the uncertainty of the original input data set. MCUE is used to produce hundreds to thousands of altered unique data sets. The altered data sets are used as inputs to produce a range of plausible 3-D models. The plausible models are then combined into a single probabilistic model as a means to propagate uncertainty from the input data to the final model. In this paper, several improved methods for MCUE are proposed. The methods pertain to distribution selection for input uncertainty, sample analysis and statistical consistency of the sampled distribution. Pole vector sampling is proposed as a more rigorous alternative than dip vector sampling for planar features and the use of a Bayesian approach to disturbance distribution parameterization is suggested. The influence of incorrect disturbance distributions is discussed and propositions are made and evaluated on synthetic and realistic cases to address the sighted issues. The distribution of the errors of the observed data (i.e., scedasticity) is shown to affect the quality of prior distributions for MCUE. Results demonstrate that the proposed workflows improve the reliability of uncertainty estimation and diminish the occurrence of artifacts.
Translation initiationand the fate of bacterialmRNAs

Studies in proand eukaryotes have revealed that translation can determine the stability of a given messenger RNA. In bacteria, intrinsic mRNA signals can confer efficient ribosome binding, whereas translational feedback inhibition or environmental cues can interfere with this process. Such regulatory mechanisms are often controlled by RNA-binding proteins, small noncoding RNAs and structural rearrangements within the 50 untranslated region. Here, we review molecular events occurring in the 50 untranslated region of primarily Escherichia coli mRNAs with regard to their effects on mRNA stability.
Intraseasonal variations of water vapor and cirrus clouds in the tropical upper troposphere

[1] Space-time variations of tropical upper tropospheric water vapor and cirrus clouds associated with the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) are investigated using data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). Composite moisture and meteorological fields based on five ISO events selected in two boreal winters (1991–1993) are analyzed using 20–80 day band-pass-filtered data. At 215 and 146 hPa, wet anomalies with frequent appearance of cirrus clouds exist over the convective system and move eastward from the Indian Ocean to the central Pacific, suggesting a direct effect of convective activity up to this level. At 100 hPa, however, the moisture field seems to be indirectly affected by convective activity through the dynamical response to the convective heating. Dry anomalies are observed over the Indian Ocean around the developing stage and over the eastern Pacific around the mature-to-decaying stage of the ISO. Cirrus clouds are frequently found over the cold region located to the east of the convective system. These structures around the tropopause level are closely related to the eastward moving Kelvin and Rossby wave responses to the convective heating with the equatorial cold anomaly and with the subtropical anticyclonic gyres. Between the two gyres the easterly wind blowing through the equatorial cold region may cause dehydration through cirrus formation when the convective system develops over the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific. As the northern gyre intensifies, tropical dry air is transported to the subtropical Pacific and eventually to the equatorial eastern Pacific. It is suggested that the temperature and flow variations due to the coupled Kelvin-Rossby wave structure play an important role in dehydrating air in the tropical and subtropical tropopause region.
Preparing Teachers to Integrate Technology into K–12 Instruction II: Examining the Effects of Technology-Infused Methods Courses and Student Teaching

Abstract In a 2-year longitudinal study, we examined the effectiveness of a new technology-infused approach for teaching technology integration (TI) skills to teacher candidates. In the new approach, we infused learning to teach with technology into program methods courses. We measured candidates' understanding of various Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) indicators associated with TI. Candidates' TPACK scores increased between the beginning of their teacher preparation courses and their student teaching experience; within-subject effect sizes were large; and data exhibited linear and cubic trends. Qualitative data were complementary exhibiting continued TI growth and application of TI to course and student teaching efforts in the classroom. Results suggest the new, technology-infused courses and student teaching are effective in fostering TPACK development and TI skills among teacher candidates. (Keywords: technology-infused methods courses, technology integration, teacher candidates, TPACK)
Mortality Patterns in the Emergency and Trauma Department, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis: A Three-Year Retrospective Analysis

Background: Mortality data reflects the level of care of an institution. Inadequately trained personnel and lack of infrastructure may contribute to preventable deaths of hospital mortality whereas brought-in-dead (BID) cases are strongly related to pre-hospital factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study on the profiles of mortality cases recorded in ETD, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah from 1 January 2014 until 31 December 2016 was conducted. Relevant data were extracted from death registers and emergency record cards. All mortality cases recorded in ETD HTF within the study period were included whereas cases with incomplete data were excluded. Result: A total of 301 mortality cases were recorded in ETD HTF over three years. Seven cases were excluded due to incomplete relevant clinical data hence, 294 cases were analysed. Death-in-department (DID) cases were 59.5% (n=175) whereas BID cases were 40.5% (n=119). The yearly incidence of BID cases demonstrated a decreasing trend throughout the study period. Majority of BID cases were among the elderly, aged more than 70 years old (n=34, 28.6%). The commonest system affected throughout the study period was the cardiovascular system. There was a significant association between different age group and the nature of the mortality cases in ETD (p=0.0026). Discussion/Conclusion: This study served as a platform to target effective intervention at primary care setting. Re-appraisal of the healthcare system is warranted to provide dependable and excellent standard of care. Public health strategies to increase health promotion may be planned to instil health-seeking behaviour, particularly among elderly population.
Exchange effects in low energy electron impact ionization of the inner and outer shells of argon.

First order distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) triple differential cross sections are reported for low-energy electron-impact ionization of the inner 3s and outer 3p shells of argon. Previous DWBA works have demonstrated that experiment and theory are not in accord for low energy ionization of inert gases and here we investigate the importance of exchange scattering. Different approximations for treating exchange scattering are investigated. It is shown that exchange scattering is particularly important for 3s ionization. Even with a proper treatment of exchange, the first order calculations are still not in satisfactory agreement with experiment. Consequently higher order effects will have to be included to achieve a satisfactory description of the low-energy ionization process. We also investigated both the Hartree-Fock and optimized potential methods for calculating atomic wavefunctions and static potentials and found that both methods produced almost the same cross sections.
Human Capital and the Agrarian Structure in Transition: Micro-Evidence from Romania

This article examines determinants of the agrarian structure in transition economies with an emphasis on the role of rural households’ human capital. Land reform and enterprise restructuring have resulted in a broad range of farm types, such as cooperatives, partnerships, individual farms and combinations of these. In the theoretical model the fact that household resources are allocated to different organization modes is attributed to the utility maximization strategy of heterogeneous agents deriving income from uncertain sources in the face of incomplete factor markets. The empirical results from a multinomial logit model estimated with data from a two-year nationwide survey of Romanian rural households support the hypothesis that the current agrarian structure is importantly affected by the human capital characteristics of the households and the economic risks they face.
On the applicability of post-IR IRSL dating to Japanese loess

Recent work on infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating has focussed on finding and testing signals which show less or negligible fading. IRSL signals measured at elevated temperature following IR stimulation at 50°C (post-IR IRSL) have been shown to be much more stable than the low temperature IRSL signal and seem to have considerable potential for dating. For Early Pleistocene samples of both European and Chinese loess natural post-IR IRSL signals lying in the saturation region of the laboratory dose response curve have been observed; this suggests that there is no significant fading in nature. As a contribution to the further testing of post-IR IRSL dating, we have used 18 samples from two Japanese loess profiles for which quartz OSL and tephra ages up to 600 ka provide age control. After a preheat of 320°C (60 s), the polymineral fine grains (4–11 μm) were bleached with IR at 50°C (200 s) and the IRSL was subsequently measured at 290°C for 200 s. In general, the fading uncorrected post-IR IRSL ages agree with both the quartz OSL and the tephra ages. We conclude that the post-IR IRSL signal from these samples does not fade significantly and allows precise and accurate age determinations on these sediments.
Summer temperatures in eastern Taimyr inferred from a 2427-year late-Holocene tree-ring chronology and earlier floating series

A brief review is presented of the progress, to date, in constructing a long, continuous ring-width chronology from living and subfossil Siberian larch (Larix gmelinii) in the eastern part of the Taimyr peninsula. A near 2500-year chronology running up to the present has been assembled and several shorter, earlier series have been produced that are dated approximately on the basis of radiocarbon dates. A description is given of the production of separate early summer and annual mean temperature histories based on the recent chronology, spanning more than 2000 years. These two reconstructions are based on alternative methods of statistical processing of the measured tree-ring data. The early summer and annual reconstructions agree well in the long-term components of their variability, providing evidence for anomalous warmth in the third, tenth to twelfth, and twentieth centuries, and a prolonged cool period throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth, and in the early nineteenth centuries. The mean growth and other statistical parameters of the earlier chronologies also suggest that conditions for tree growth were very favourable in the earlier Holocene, particularly in the fourth millen nium bc. This is strongly indicative of an early Holocene Climatic Optimum in Taimyr at that time. Other material in hand, and earlier published radiocarbon dates, demonstrate the feasibility of constructing continuous ring-width chronologies and temperature estimates extending throughout all of the last 8000 years.
Wireless Network Instabilities in the Wild: Measurement, Applications (Non)Resilience, and OS Remedy

While the bandwidth and latency improvement of both WiFi and cellular data networks in the past decades are plenty evident, the extent of signal strength fluctuation and network disruptions (unexpected switching or disconnections) experienced by mobile users in today’s network deployment remains less clear. This paper makes three contributions. First, we conduct the first extensive measurement of network disruptions and significant signal strength fluctuations (together denoted as network instabilities) experienced by 2000 smartphones in the wild. Our results show that network disruptions and signal strength fluctuations remains prevalent as we moved into the 4G era. Second, we study how well popular mobile apps today handle such network instabilities. Our results show that even some of the most popular mobile apps do not implement any disruption-tolerant mechanisms. Third, we present Janus, an intelligent interface management framework that exploits the multiple interfaces on a handset to transparently handle network disruptions and satisfy apps’ performance requirement. We have implemented a prototype of Janus and our evaluation using a set of popular apps shows that Janus can: 1) transparently and efficiently handle network disruptions; 2) reduce video stalls by 2.9 times and increase 31% of the time of good voice quality; 3) reduce traffic size by 26.4% and energy consumption by 16.3% compared to naive solutions.
The Arab Spring| Overthrowing the Protest Paradigm? How The New York Times, Global Voices and Twitter Covered the Egyptian Revolution

With social-media driven protests erupting across the Arab world, this content analysis of Egyptian protest coverage in The New York Times, the Twitter feed of Times reporter Nick Kristof, and the citizen media site Global Voices, examines whether the de-legitimizing “protest paradigm” found in mainstream media is replicated in social media and blogs, and what impact their protest coverage has on their credibility. Results showed that The Times adhered to the paradigm by emphasizing the spectacle, quoting official sources, and de-valuing protesters as reporters maintained an impartial role. In contrast, Global Voices and Kristof’s Twitter feed took different approaches, legitimizing protesters and serving as commentators/analysts, even actors, in the unfolding events. Global Voices also provided more opportunities for reader interactivity.