Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unintentional Cannabis Intoxication in Toddlers

Despite cannabis consumption being illegal in France, its use is increasing, and the evolution of related unintentional pediatric intoxications is still poorly documented. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In France, cannabis consumption is illegal. The health impact of its increasing use and higher tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations is still poorly documented, particularly that of unintentional pediatric intoxications. We sought to evaluate the French national trend of admissions for unintentional cannabis intoxication in children over an 11-year period (2004–2014). METHODS: A retrospective, national, multicenter, observational study of a pediatric cohort. All children aged <6 years admitted to a tertiary-level pediatric emergency department (PED) for proven cannabis intoxication (compatible symptoms and positive toxicological screening results) during the reference period were included. RESULTS: Twenty-four PEDs participated in our study; 235 children were included, and 71% of the patients were 18 months old or younger. Annual admissions increased by a factor of 13. Hashish resin was the main form ingested (72%). During the study period, the evolution was characterized by a national increase in intoxications, younger intoxicated children (1.28 ± 0.4 vs 1.7 ± 0.7 years, P = .005), and more comas (n = 38) (P = .05, odds ratio 3.5 [1.02–11.8]). Compared with other intoxications, other PED admissions, and the same age population, cannabis-related admissions were greater. There was a potential link between the increased incidence of comas and increased THC concentration in resin seized in France over the period. CONCLUSIONS: Children are collateral victims of changing trends in cannabis use and a prevailing THC concentration. Intoxicated children are more frequent, are younger, and have intoxications that are more severe. This raises a real issue of public health.
Vertebral destruction at unfused segments in late ankylosing spondylitis.

ESTRUCTIVE changes at vertebral bodies have been described in ankylosing spondylitis. Usually they are seen at a fairly early stage of the disease and are apparently caused by rheumatoid granuloma (1–4, 6, 8). The association of destructive changes at the anterior articular surface of the vertebral bodies in late stages of this disease and at a segment where neither the spinous ligaments are completely ossified nor the apophyseal joints are fused has apparently not been reported. It appears that the vertebral destruction is caused by a pseudarthrosis. Motion of some degree is present and, because of solid fusion of the spine above and below the area of pseudarthrosis, great stress forces are being exerted on the anterior margins of the vertebral bodies, leading to absorption of bone and bone sclerosis. Patient S. S. (CASE I) clearly showed massive vertebral bone absorption, motion on flexion and extension, and open apophyseal joints by quite conventional x–ray methods (Fig. 1). His major complaint had bee.
Thermal dependence of contractile properties of red and white fibres isolated from the iliofibularis muscle of the desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

SUMMARY Single fibres were isolated from the 'red' and 'white' portions of the iliofibularis muscle from the desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Muscle fibres were chemically skinned with the non-ionic detergent Brij. 58. Maximal Ca 2+ -activated tensions at 40°C were 32-3 ± 1-5 Ncm~ z for red and 33-0 ±2-1 Ncm" 2 for white muscle fibres (mean ± S.E. mean). Unloaded contraction velocities (Vmax) were determined by the 'slack-test' method. Average values for Vm,, at 40°C were 7-1 ±0-4 and 16-1 ± 1-1 muscle length s" 1 (Lo s" 1 ) for red and white fibres respectively. The red portion of the iliofibularis contained fibres with Vma* values between 1 • 1 and 12 -9 Lo s~ x . Around 18% of the red fibre population had maximum contraction velocities less than 4-OLos" 1 . These slower fibres were principally located in the region closest to the femur in situ. They probably correspond to the multiply-innervated 'tonic type' fibres that can be identified histochemically. Qio values for Vm« over the range 5-15 °C were higher for red (4-2) than white (2-3) muscle fibres. Above 25-30 °C Qio values for Vmmx were in the range 1*3-1 "9 for both fibre types. Maximum Ca 2+ -activated tensions were largely independent of temperature between 20 and 45 °C. Dipsosaurus is maximally active in the field at 35-42 °C, which corresponds to a zone of relative thermal independence of muscle contractile properties and locomotory performance.
Using Abduction to Evolve Inconsistent Requirements Specification

Requirements specifications are often inconsistent. Inconsistencies may arise because multiple conflicting requirements are embodied in these specifications, or because the specifications themselves are in a transient stage of evolutionary development. In this paper we argue that such inconsistencies, rather than being undesirable, are actually useful drivers for changing the requirements specifications in which they arise. We present a formal technique to reason about inconsistency handling changes. Our technique is an adaptation of logical abduction - adapted to generate changes that address some specification inconsistencies, while leaving others. We represent our specifications in quasi-classical (QC) logic - an adaptation of classical logic that allows continued reasoning in the presence of inconsistency. The paper develops a sound algorithm for automating our abductive reasoning technique and presents illustrative examples drawn from a library system case study.
Characterization of biomaterial‐free cell sheets cultured from human oral mucosal epithelial cells

The purpose of this study was to report the characteristics of biomaterial‐free sheets cultured from human oral mucosal epithelial cells without fibrin support, in vitro and after transplantation to limbal‐deficient models. Human oral mucosal epithelial cells and limbal epithelial cells were cultured for 2 weeks, and the colony‐forming efficiency (CFE) rates were compared. Markers of stem cells (p63), cell proliferation (Ki‐67) and epithelial differentiation (cytokeratin; K1, K3, K4, K13) were observed in colonies and in biomaterial‐free sheets. Biomaterial‐free sheets which had been detached with 1% dispase or biomaterial‐free sheets generated by fibrin support were transplanted to 12 limbal‐deficient rabbit models. In vitro cell viability, in vivo stability and cytokeratin characteristics of biomaterial‐free sheets were compared with those of sheets formed by fibrin‐coated culture 1 week after transplantation. Mean CFE rate was significantly higher in human oral mucosal epithelial cells (44.8%) than in human limbal epithelial cells(17.7%). K3 and K4 were well expressed in both colonies and sheets. Biomaterial‐free sheets had two to six layers of stratified cells and showed an average of 79.8% viable cells in the sheets after detachment. Cytokeratin expressions of biomaterial‐free sheets were comparable to those of sheets cultured by fibrin support, in limbal‐deficient models. Both p63 and Ki‐67 were well expressed in colonies, isolated sheets and sheets transplanted to limbal‐deficient models. Our results suggest that biomaterial‐free sheets cultured from human oral mucosal epithelial cells without fibrin support can be an alternative option for cell therapy in use for the treatment of limbal‐deficient diseases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of cross-lingual bottleneck features in hybrid ASR systems

In this work, we investigate cross-lingual BN features in hybrid ASR systems under a two-level DNNs framework. The ﬁrst-level DNNs are bottleneck feature extractors and the second-level DNNs serve as not only acoustic models but also feature combination modules. Different feature conﬁgurations, including the bottleneck dimensionality, the need of delta processing and the necessity of concatenation with standard features of target-language, are ﬁrst studied. Further experiments are done to evaluate the cross-lingual generalization in a more holistic manner using optimized features. We then analyze the effects of adding more training data on the BN feature extractors. Performance improvement can be obtained when more data available. Finally, two different approaches of utilizing data from non-target languages are experimentally compared. It is shown that these two approaches have similar performance with each other, and the two-level DNNs architecture beneﬁts from either of them.
Ubiquitin-specific Protease 4 Mitigates Toll-like/Interleukin-1 Receptor Signaling and Regulates Innate Immune Activation*

Background: The TRAF6-mediated Toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) pathway is essential for innate immune responses and immune homeostasis. Results: USP4 deubiquitinates Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF6 and thereby prevents the TLR/IL-1R-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors and subsequent proinflammatory responses. Conclusion: USP4 plays an essential role in the negative regulation of the TLR/IL-1R signaling-mediated innate immune response. Significance: USP4 is an attractive new therapeutic target for modulation of innate immune responses. The Toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling pathway is essential for innate immune responses and immune homeostasis. Lys-63-polyubiquitinated TRAF6 mediates its downstream signaling activation. In a gain-of-expression screen of 66 different deubiquitinating enzymes, we identified USP4 as a potent negative regulator of TLR/IL-1R signaling and TRAF6-interacting protein. USP4 deubiquitinates TRAF6 and thereby prevents the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors and subsequent proinflammatory responses. LPS-treated usp4-depleted zebrafish larvae expressed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and were more susceptible to endotoxic challenge. Taken together, our results demonstrate that USP4 plays an essential role in negative regulation of the TLR/IL-1R signaling-mediated innate immune response.
The analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for retroperitoneoscopic donor nephrectomy: A randomized controlled study

Background: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is suitable for lower abdominal surgeries. Blind TAP block has many complications and uncertainty of its effects. Use of ultrasonography increases the safety and efficacy. This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound (USG)-guided TAP block for retroperitoneoscopic donor nephrectomy (RDN). Methods: In a prospective randomized double-blind study, 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy were randomly divided into two groups by closed envelope method. At the end of surgery, USG-guided TAP block was given to the patients of both the groups. Study group (group S) received inj. Bupivacaine (0.375%), whereas control group (group C) received normal saline. Inj. Tramadol (1 mg/kg) was given as rescue analgesic at visual analog scale (VAS) more than 3 in any group at rest or on movement. The analgesic efficacy was judged by VAS both at rest and on movement, time tofirst dose of rescue analgesic, cumulative dose of tramadol, sedation score, and nausea score, which were also noted at 30 min, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h postoperatively. Total tramadol consumption at 24 h was also assessed. Results: Patients in group S had significantly lower VAS score, longer time tofirst dose of rescue analgesic (547.13±266.96 min vs. 49.17±24.95 min) and lower tramadol consumption (103.8±32.18 mg vs. 235.8±47.5 mg) in 24 h. Conclusion: The USG-guided TAP block is easy to perform and effective as a postoperative analgesic regimen in RDN, with opioids-sparing effect and without any complications.
Neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine against oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat primary cortical neurons

Purpose Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is an important cause of neonatal mortality, as this brain injury disrupts normal mitochondrial respiratory activity. Carnitine plays an essential role in mitochondrial fatty acid transport and modulates excess acyl coenzyme A levels. In this study, we investigated whether treatment of primary cultures of rat cortical neurons with L-carnitine was able to prevent neurotoxicity resulting from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Methods Cortical neurons were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rat embryos. L-Carnitine was applied to cultures just prior to OGD and subsequent reoxygenation. The numbers of cells that stained with acridine orange (AO) and propidium iodide (PI) were counted, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay were performed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine (1 µM, 10 µM, and 100 µM) on OGD-induced neurotoxicity. Results Treatment of primary cultures of rat cortical neurons with L-carnitine significantly reduced cell necrosis and prevented apoptosis after OGD. L-Carnitine application significantly reduced the number of cells that died, as assessed by the PI/AO ratio, and also reduced ROS release in the OGD groups treated with 10 µM and 100 µM of L-carnitine compared with the untreated OGD group (P<0.05). The application of L-carnitine at 100 µM significantly decreased cytotoxicity, LDH release, and inhibited apoptosis compared to the untreated OGD group (P<0.05). Conclusion L-Carnitine has neuroprotective benefits against OGD in rat primary cortical neurons in vitro.
Age at first egg and egg production--their inheritance and expected response to different methods of selection.

Synopsis Data pertaining to a closed White Leghorn flock maintained at the Punjab Agricultural University were used for estimating genetic and phenotypic parameters for age at first egg and 70‐d egg production and also to evaluate the expected response to different methods of selection. Records of 2377 pullets, a progeny of 1001 dams and 155 sires over a period of two years, were used. The birds in this flock attained sexual maturity on an average at the age of 176.6 d and produced on an average 33.6 eggs in first 70 d of egg production. Heritability for age at first egg and 70‐d egg production was obtained from different observational components. Age at first egg was found to have a medium heritability, the estimates being 0.370 ±0.003, 0.080 ±0.016 and 0.224 + 0.040 from sire, dam and full sib components, respectively. The heritabilities for 70‐d egg production were low. The estimates were 0.132±0.004, 0.214±0.011 and 0.173±0.06 from sire, dam and full sib components, respectively. Phenotypic, genetic a.
A preliminary report on the prevalence and clinical features of allergic rhinitis in ankylosing spondylitis patients

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disorder that constitutes a considerable burden both for the individual patient and the society. It is important due to its high prevalence, adverse effects on the quality of life and sleep, impairment of work/school performance and the links with other comorbidities. Its prevalence is estimated as 5–40% with a tendency to increase. Beyond the data collected from studies performed on large populations, an important contribution to Clinical Research
Alcohol embryopathy: some facts and speculations about pathogenesis.

Signs and symptoms of 108 cases with alcohol embryopathy are presented. In addition to the well-known features (e.g., intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, mental retardation and typical craniofacial abnormalities), 29% of the cases had heart defects, 10% had G.U. tract malformations, and 1.8% had spina bifida. Brain malformations of 3 cases and 4 fetuses are described. Auxological measurements demonstrated some catch-up growth for height, but none for head size. Facial anomalies tended to normalize with increasing age. A proposal for classifying alcohol embryopathy (AE) into 3 degrees of severity is presented. Cases with the mild degree showed milder (or no) mental retardation compared to cases with the severe degree. The degree of AE was related to the stage of maternal alcoholism. With increasing severity of maternal alcoholism, the frequency and severity of AE among the offspring increased too. Among siblings, the elder siblings were less affected than the younger. This difference in outcome might be caused by the increasing inability of the alcoholic mothers to metabolize acetaldehyde. It is hypothesized that embryonic disturbance is not as dependent on the amount of daily alcohol consumption as it is on the stage of maternal alcoholism.
Sequential Classification Criteria for NNs in Automatic Speech Recognition

Neural networks (NNs) are discriminative classiﬁers which have been successfully integrated with hidden Markov models (HMMs), either in the hybrid NN/HMM or tandem connectionist systems. Typically, the NNs are trained with the frame-based cross-entropy criterion to classify phonemes or phoneme states. However, for word recognition, the word error rate is more closely related to the sequence classiﬁcation criteria, such as maximum mutual information and minimum phone error. In this paper, the lattice-based sequence classiﬁcation criteria are used to train the NNs in the hybrid NN/HMM system and the tandem system. A product-of-expert-based factorization and smoothing scheme is proposed for the hybrid system to scale the lattice-based NN training up to 6000 triphone states. Experimental results on the WSJCAM0 reveal that the NNs trained with the sequential classiﬁcation criterion yield a 24.2% relative improvement compared to the cross-entropy trained NNs for the hybrid system.
Effect of soybean based extenders on sperm parameters of Holstein Friesian bull during liquid storage at 4ºC

Animal origin egg yolk extender has been associated with microbial contamination and interference with microscopic examination. Therefore, replacement of such extender with plant origin compound is inevitable without compromising the desired qualities of an ideal extender. In the current experiment, we compared the effect of soy-based extender (25% and 50%) of five adult Holstein-Friesian bulls semen preserved at 4oC for 24 h with conventional egg yolk (control) and synthetic extender. Semen quality was assessed by measuring liveability, individual motility and membrane integrity after 24 h of extended semen stored at 4oC. The results indicated that liveability, motility of sperm and membrane integrity decreased significantly (P<0.05) in soy 50% extender. The results of sperm liveability, individual motility and membrane integrity in 25% soy extender were comparable with the control. Therefore, we concluded that 25% soy milk could be used as a substitute of conventional egg yolk-based extender for bull semen stored at 4oC.
The transformation of ethnic neighborhoods into places of leisure and consumption

Urban public space is obviously a key site of host-immigrant encounter. The heated debates in Europe about the establishment of purpose-built mosques or in Canada about monster houses show the deeper impact of changes in the urban streetscape consequent upon immigration. The establishment of ethnic shopping malls or commercial precincts, such as Chinatown or Klein Turkei, with their specific shop windows, street furniture and the whole shebang, is another, perhaps more promising case. The proliferation of these precincts is interesting because it is—at least partly—driven by commercial intentions and ties in with the emerging service economy and the role of cities as sites of consumption. The commodification and marketing of diversity, i.e. the commercial use of the presence of the ethnic Others or their symbols in the urban streetscape, help explain the growing enthusiasm for ‘interesting’ landscapes that have the potential to draw tourists and visitors. This transformation is not a ‘natural’ process, but the product of social, cultural, economic and political developments and conditions. This presentation examines the transformation of ethnic neighborhoods into places of leisure and consumption by a wider public in a number of cities and countries, and deals with the question of how and under what conditions this process helps foster immigrants’ business success and the quality of the neighborhood at large. The primary focus is the role of immigrant entrepreneurs and their interaction with other relevant actors, especially the local government.
Perceived Eye Size is Larger in Happy Faces than in Surprised Faces

We demonstrated that perceived eye size is affected by facial expression. Stimuli were composite photographs generated from happy, surprised, and neutral faces. The top halves of the original photographs were separated from the bottom halves by a horizontal line below the eyes, and were pasted onto the superior areas of the happy and the surprised faces. Thus, the composites were happy faces and surprised faces with happy eyes, neutral eyes, and surprised eyes. When the eyes of the happy and the surprised face composites with the same top halves were compared by 142 naïve observers, the happy face composites were judged to have larger eyes than the surprised face composites.
Young people with features of gender dysphoria: Demographics and associated difficulties

This article presents the findings from a cross-sectional study on demographic variables and associated difficulties in 218 children and adolescents (Mean age = 14 years, SD = 3.08, range = 5–17 years), with features of gender dysphoria, referred to the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) in London during a 1-year period (1 January 2012–31 December 2012). Data were extracted from patient files (i.e. referral letters, clinical notes and clinician reports). The most commonly reported associated difficulties were bullying, low mood/depression and self-harming. There was a gender difference on some of the associated difficulties with reports of self-harm being significantly more common in the natal females and autism spectrum conditions being significantly more common in the natal males. The findings also showed that many of the difficulties increased with age. Findings regarding demographic variables, gender dysphoria, sexual orientation and family features are reported, and limitations and implications of the cross-sectional study are discussed. In conclusion, young people with gender dysphoria often present with a wide range of associated difficulties which clinicians need to take into account, and our article highlights the often complex presentations of these young people.