Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of Silicic Magmas at Spreading Centres—an Example from the South East Rift, Manus Basin

There has been much recent interest in the origin of silicic magmas at spreading centres away from any possible influence of continental crust. Here we present major and trace element data for 29 glasses (and 55 whole-rocks) sampled from a 40 km segment of the South East Rift in the Manus Basin that span the full compositional continuum from basalt to rhyolite (50‐75 wt % SiO2). The glass data are accompanied by Sr‐Nd‐Pb, O and U‐Th‐Ra isotope data for selected samples. These overlap the ranges for published data from this part of the Manus Basin. Limited increases in Cl/K ratios with increasing SiO2, La‐SiO2 and Yb‐SiO2 relationships, and the oxygen isotope data rule out models in which the more silicic lavas result from partial melting of altered oceanic crust or altered oceanic gabbros. Rather, the data form a coherent array that is suggestive of closed-system fractional crystallization and this is well simulated by MELTS models run at 0� 2 GPa and QFM (quartz‐fayalite‐magnetite buffer) with 1 wt % H2O, using a parental magma chosen from the basaltic glasses. Although some assimilation of altered oceanic crust or gabbro cannot be completely ruled out, there is no evidence that this plays an important role in the origin of the silicic lavas. The U-series disequilibria are dominated by 238 Ua nd 226 Ra excesses that limit the timescale of differentiation to less than a few millennia. Overall, the data point to rapid evolution in relatively small magma lenses located near the base of thick oceanic crust; we speculate that this was coupled with relatively low rates of basaltic recharge. A similar model may be applicable to the generation of silicic magmas elsewhere in the ocean basins.
Supplementary Material for Probabilistic Recurrent State-Space Models

In the ELBO, as derived in (8), the last term is a regularization on the initial state distribution. For the full gradientbased optimization in the main paper, an uninformative initial distribution is chosen and fixed, such that the third term is dropped. In the stochastic optimization scheme, this term acts as a regularization preventing the recognition model to become overconfident in its predictions.
Financial dependence and industry growth in Europe: Better banks and higher productivity

Financial development stimulates growth, in particular in industries dependent on external finance. In this paper we show that more efficient banks are particularly important in stimulating both output and productivity growth, while traditional volume measures of finance are much less important for productivity growth. For this we exploit firm-level information to measure the dependence of industries on external finance and the efficiency of intermediaries. Our results are in line with Schumpeter? s (1912) contention that bankers provide resources to the most deserving entrepreneurs. Within the EU-25, growth gains are concentrated in the new member states.
A generic model of forest canopy conductance dependent on climate, soil water availability and leaf area index

Ce travail realise l'analyse des facteurs de variation de la conductance du couvert pour la vapeur d'eau (g c ) avec l'objectif d'en donner une expression generale, prenant en compte les effets du rayonnement global (R), du deficit de saturation de l'air (D), de l'indice foliaire (LAI) et de la reserve hydrique extractible du sol. La conductance du couvert a ete calculee a partir de la transpiration mesuree dans 21 peuplements forestiers feuillus et resineux, sous differents types climatiques : tempere, montagnard, tropical et boreal. Ce travail a montre, pour ces divers peuplements, une dependance similaire entre g c et les facteurs climatiques, ainsi qu'avec la reserve hydrique extractible du sol (REW). En conditions hydriques non limitantes, on observe que g c augmente lineairement avec le LAI entre 0 et 6 m 2 m -2 , puis atteint un plateau. De facon surprenante, en dehors de l'effet positif sur g c de l'augmentation de R, et l'effet negatif de celle de D, on montre que la diminution de REW a des consequences similaires sur g c pour diverses especes forestieres, aussi bien feuillues que resineuses. A partir de ces observations, un modele general de conductance de couvert est propose ici.
Bubbling Under : Political Preferences during Asset Bubbles

Advanced industrial countries have had two unprecedented asset bubbles in the past decade, first in the stock market and second in the housing market. To the degree that citizens budget future earnings from current paper asset values, we might expect these bubbles to have a large impact on political preferences over pensions policy, social insurance, and interest rates. This paper develops a microtheory of individual preferences over such public policies during periods characterized by asset bubbles. I then link micro-preferences to macro-policy, developing a theory of how governments and central banks might respond to citizen demands when asset earnings become more significant than wage earnings. I show that under such conditions the politics of inflation flips from an Employment Dominance model of low interest rates (and hence high wage inflation) harming asset owners and benefiting wage earners, to an Asset Dominance model where low interest rates benefit asset owners and harm wage earners. Tax and spending policies, particularly public pensions provision will also be strongly impacted by the relative role of asset inflaiton. I also show that the well-known theory that ‘conservative’ central bankers can secure low inflation does not necessarily hold in a world of asset inflation. ‘Partisan conservative’ central bankers may, in fact, wish to lower interest rates and secure high asset inflation. Finally, I demonstrate empirically that individuals who experience high levels of asset inflation systematically prefer low social security spending and reduced taxes.
On the closed loop identification of LPV models using instrumental variables

Abstract Identification of real life systems is often applied in closed-loop due to stability, performance or safety constraints. However, in case of Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) systems, closed-loop identification is not well-established despite the recent advances in prediction-error identification. Building on the available results, the paper proposes the closed-loop generalization of a recently introduced instrumental variable scheme for the identification of LPV-IO models with Box-Jenkins type of noise models. Estimation under closed-loop conditions is analyzed from the stochastic point of view with the proposed approach and the performance of the method is demonstrated through a representative simulation example.
Analyse et modélisation des performances d'un nouveau type de détecteur en médecine nucléaire : du détecteur Anger au détecteur Semi-conducteur

La tomoscintigraphie myocardique est consideree comme un examen de reference pour le diagnostic et l'evaluation de la maladie coronarienne. Mise au point dans les annees 1980, cette technique est en pleine mutation depuis l'arrivee de nouvelles cameras a semi-conducteurs. Deux cameras a semi-conducteurs, dediees a la cardiologie nucleaire et utilisant des detecteurs de Cadmium Zinc Telluride sont actuellement commercialisees : la Discovery NM-530c (General Electric) et la DSPECT (Spectrum Dynamics). Les performances de ces cameras CZT ont ete evaluees : 1) a la fois sur fantome et sur des examens d'effort provenant de patients a faible probabilite de maladie coronaire, et 2) avec les parametres d'acquisition et de reconstruction utilises en clinique. Les resultats ont demontre la nette superiorite des cameras CZT en termes de sensibilite de detection, de resolution spatiale et de rapport contraste sur bruit par rapport a la generation de cameras d'Anger. Ces proprietes vont permettre de diminuer tres fortement les temps d'acquisition et les activites injectees, tout en ameliorant la qualite des images. Neanmoins, on connait encore mal les limites et possibles artefacts lies a la geometrie particuliere d'acquisition. C'est pourquoi nous avons developpe, avec la plateforme de simulations Monte Carlo GATE, un simulateur numerique specifique de la camera DSPECT. Nous avons pu ensuite le valider en comparant des donnees effectivement enregistrees aux donnees simulees. Ce simulateur pourrait aider a optimiser les protocoles de reconstruction et d'acquisition, en particulier les protocoles les plus complexes (acquisitions double traceur, etudes cinetiques)
GMRT mini-survey to search for 21-cm absorption in quasar–galaxy pairs at z∼ 0.1

We present the results from our 21-cm absorption survey of a sample of 5 quasar-galaxy pairs (QGPs), with the redshift of the galaxies in the range 0.03� zg � 0:18, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The H i 21-cm absorption was searched towards the 9 sight lines with impact parameters ranging from �10 to �55kpc using Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). 21-cm absorption was detected only in one case i.e. towards the Quasar (zq = 2.625 SDSSJ124157.54+633241.6) galaxy (zg = 0.143 SDSSJ124157.26+633237.6) pair with the impact parameter �11kpc. The quasar sight line in this case pierces through the stellar disk of a galaxy having near solar metallicity (i.e (O/H)+12 = 8.7) and star formation rate uncorrected for dust attenuation of 0.1Myr −1 . The quasar spectrum reddened by the foreground galaxy is well fitted with the Milky Way extinction curve (with an AV of 0.44) and the estimated H i column density is similar to the value obtained from 21-cm absorption assuming spin temperature (TS) of 100K. In the remaining cases, our GMRT spectra provide upper limit on N(H i) in the range, (10 17 10 18 )×TS cm −2 . Combining our sample with the z � 0:1 data available in the literature, we find the detectability of 21-cm absorption with integrated optical depth greater than 0.1kms −1 to be 50% for the impact parameter less than 20kpc. Using the surface brightness profiles and well established relationship between the optical size and extent of the H i disk known for nearby galaxies, we conclude that in most of the cases of 21-cm absorption non-detection, the sight lines may not be passing through the H i gas (1� column density of few times 10 19 cm −2 ). We also find that in comparison to the absorption systems associated with these QGPs, z < 1 DLAs with 21-cm absorption detections have lower Ca ii equivalent widths despite having higher 21-cm optical depths and smaller impact parameters. This suggests that the current sample of DLAs may be a biased population that avoids sight lines through dusty star-forming galaxies. A systematic survey of QGPs over a wider redshift range using a large sample is needed to confirm these findings and understand the nature of 21-cm absorbers.
‘Mindless Markers of the Nation’: The Routine Flagging of Nationhood Across the Visual Environment

The visual environment has increasingly been used as a lens with which to understand wider processes of social and economic change, with studies employing in-depth qualitative approaches to focus on, for example, gentrification or trans-national networks. This exploratory article offers an alternative perspective by using a novel method, quantitative photo mapping, to examine the extent to which a particular socio-cultural marker, the nation, is ‘flagged’ across three contrasting sites in Britain. As a multi-national state with an increasingly diverse population, Britain offers a particularly fruitful case study, drawing in debates around devolution, European integration and Commonwealth migration. In contributing to wider debates around banal nationalism, the article notes the extent to which nations are increasingly articulated through commerce, consumption and market exchange, and the overall significance of everyday markers (signs, objects, infrastructure) in naturalising a national view of the world.
Finding halo streams with a pencil-beam survey - New wraps in the Sagittarius stream

We use data from two CFHT-MegaCam photometric pencil-beam surveys in the g' and the r' bands to measure distances to the Sagittarius, the Palomar 5 and the Orphan stream. We show that, using a cross-correlation algorithm to detect the turnoff point of the main sequence, it is possible to overcome the main limitation of a two-bands pencil-beam survey, namely the lack of adjacent control-fields that can be used to subtract the foreground and background stars to enhance the signal on the colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We describe the cross-correlation algorithm and its implementation. We combine the resulting main sequence turnoff points with theoretical isochrones to derive photometric distances to the streams. Our results (31 detections on the Sagittarius stream and one each for the Palomar 5 and the Orphan streams) confirm the findings by previous studies, expand the distance trend for the Sagittarius faint southern branch and, for the first time, trace the Sagittarius faint branch of the northern-leading arm out to 56 kpc. In addition, they show evidence for new substructure: we argue that these detections trace the continuation of the Sagittarius northern-leading arm into the southern hemisphere, and find a nearby branch of the Sagittarius trailing wrap in the northern hemisphere.
EXPRESSION OF TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2 AND TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4 IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS BY INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUROSCENCE

Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression level and localization of Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 in gingival samples of healthy and chronic periodontitis subjects by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained from 25 healthy individuals and 25 chronic periodontitis patients. The tissues were processed and the initial characterization was done by H&E staining. Indirect immunofluorescence technique was then performed to detect TLR2 and TLR4. Immunofluorescence images were acquired and quantitative expression of TLRs was analyzed by calculating the percentage of cells showing positive results. Results: TLR2 and TLR4 expression in healthy gingival tissues were lower than in the tissues of patients with periodontitis. In patients with periodontitis both TLR2 and TLR4 expression was slightly higher in epithelium as compared to their expression in connective tissue. Conclusions: The results suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 in the gingival cells are stimulated by the bacterial products in the oral cavity and participate in the innate immune response against these organisms. KEYWORDS: Chronic Periodontitis, Gingival tissue, Immunofluorescence, TLR2 & TLR4
Effec ts of Vitamin B1 (Thi amine) Defic iency in Lake Trout (Salvelinus Namaycush) Alevins and Preventive Treatments

Lee, Bong-Joo; Jaroszewska, Marta; Dabrowski, Konrad; Czesny, Sergiusz; and Rinchard, Jacques, "Effects of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)Deficiency in Lake Trout (Salvelinus Namaycush) Alevins and Preventive Treatments" (2009). Environmental Science and BiologyFaculty Publications.Paper 6.http://digitalcommons.brockport. edu/env_facpub/6
Discovery of five low-luminosity active galactic nuclei at the centre of the Perseus cluster

According to optical stellar kinematics observations, an overmassive black hole candidate has been reported by van den Bosch et al. in the normal early-type galaxy NGC 1277. This galaxy is located in the central region of the Perseus cluster. Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope observations have shown that NGC 1277 and other early-type galaxies in the neighbourhood have radio counterparts. These nuclear radio sources have stable flux densities on a time-scale of years. In order to investigate the origin of the radio emission from these normal galaxies, we selected five sources (NGC 1270, NGC 1272, NGC 1277, NGC 1278 and VZw 339) residing in the central 10-arcmin region of the Perseus cluster and requested to re-correlate the data of an existing very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment at these new positions. With the re-correlation data provided by the European VLBI Network (EVN), we imaged the five sources with a resolution of about 8 mas and detected all of them with a confidence level above 5σ at 1.4 GHz. They show compact structure and brightness temperatures above 107 K, which implies that the radio emission is non-thermal. We rule out ongoing nuclear star formation and conclude that these VLBI-detected radio sources are parsec-scale jet activity associated with the supermassive black holes in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei, although there are no clear signs of nuclear activity observed in the optical and infrared bands. Using the Fundamental Plane relation in black holes, we find no significant evidence for or against an extremely massive black hole hiding in NGC 1277.
Systematics of the Atlantic-Mediterranean soles Pegusa impar, P. lascaris, Solea aegyptiaca, S. senegalensis, and S. solea (Pleuronectiformes: Soleidae)

Nucleotide-sequence variation at the cytochrome b locus was investigated in five Solea species, with a reappraisal of meristic data and a review of allozyme data pertinent to their systematics. Solea aegyptiaca, considered a synonym of Solea solea, and Solea (Pegusa) impar, considered a synonym of S. (P. ) lascaris, are shown to be valid species according to the morphological, phylogenetic, genotypic, and biological species definitions. The validity of the genus Pegusa was examined in the light of both allozyme and cytochrome b gene sequence data. 2302 Resume : Les sequences nucleotidiques au locus du cytochrome b ont ete analysees chez cinq especes du genre Solea, et conjointement une re-evaluation des donnees meristiques et une synthese des donnees genetiques pertinentes a leur systematique ont ete faites. La distinction entre Solea aegyptiaca et Solea solea, ainsi que celle entre Solea (Pegusa) impar et S. (P. ) lascaris, toutes deux ayant ete remises en cause dans la litterature, sont pourtant en plein accord avec les definitions morphologique, phylogenetique, genotypique et biologique de l'espece. La validite du genre Pegusa est examinee a la lumiere des donnees allozymiques et des donnees sur les sequences au locus du cytochrome b. Note
Investigation of a novel modified fixed dose determination protocol for radioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism

Background: Radioiodine is the treatment of choice for feline hyperthyroidism. The ideal method of dose determination of I remains controversial. Objective: To compare a method of radioiodine dose determination that utilized thyroid scintigraphy with a standard fixed dose for treatment of feline hyperthyroidism. Methods: Fifty-seven and 23 cats were in the novel and fixed dose groups, respectively. Cats with a percent dose uptake as determined using TcO4 uptake on thyroid scintigraphy <5%, 5-10%, and >10% were designated to receive 3 mCi, 3.5 mCi, or 4.5 mCi of I, respectively, administered subcutaneously. Radioiodine dose was adjusted by thyroid size, determined by evaluating the thyroid:salivary size ratio (T:S) and categorized as <5, 5-10, and >10. If the thyroid size fell into a higher dosing category than percent uptake, the dose was increased accordingly. Cats in the fixed dose group received 4.5 mCi of I. Six months after treatment, cats were determined to be euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid based on serum T4 concentrations relative to an established reference interval. Univariate analysis using Chi-square was used to determine associations between treatment and outcome. Results: There was no difference in outcome between the novel and fixed dose treatments. Euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism developed in 61, 30, and 9% of cats in the fixed dose group, respectively compared to 58, 26, and 16% in the novel dose group. Conclusions: A modified fixed dose method of radioiodine based upon thyroid size and percent dose uptake was ineffective in improving outcomes over a standard fixed dose method. Investigation of a novel modified fixed dose determination protocol for radioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism Wendy A. Morré
Recovery of the education system in Myanmar

Myanmar's education system is in a very weakened state. The physical condition and human resource capacity of the system is poor by any standard, and teachers, whether in schools, colleges or universities, have few opportunities and little incentive for professional development. A process of recovery is getting underway, but it will take years before significant improvements are evident. Major cultural change is required in the style of leadership and management at all levels of government, and there is also a desperate need for more financial resources. This paper documents the current state of the education system in Myanmar and advances three priority areas for immediate attention.
On the generation mechanisms of short-scale unbalanced modes in rotating two-layer flows with vertical shear

We report on the results of a laboratory investigation using a rotating two-layer annulus experiment, which exhibits both large-scale vortical modes and short-scale divergent modes. A sophisticated visualization method allows us to observe the flow at very high spatial and temporal resolution. The balanced long-wavelength modes appear only when the Froude number is supercritical (i.e. $F\,{>}\,F_\mathrm{critical}\,{\equiv}\, \upi^2/2$), and are therefore consistent with generation by a baroclinic instability. The unbalanced short-wavelength modes appear locally in every single baroclinically unstable flow, providing perhaps the first direct experimental evidence that all evolving vortical flows will tend to emit freely propagating inertia–gravity waves. The short-wavelength modes also appear in certain baroclinically stable flows. We infer the generation mechanisms of the short-scale waves, both for the baro-clinically unstable case in which they co-exist with a large-scale wave, and for the baroclinically stable case in which they exist alone. The two possible mechanisms considered are spontaneous adjustment of the large-scale flow, and Kelvin–Helmholtz shear instability. Short modes in the baroclinically stable regime are generated only when the Richardson number is subcritical (i.e. $\hbox{\it Ri}\,{<}\,\hbox{\it Ri}_\mathrm{critical}\,{\equiv}\, 1$), and are therefore consistent with generation by a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. We calculate five indicators of short-wave generation in the baroclinically unstable regime, using data from a quasi-geostrophic numerical model of the annulus. There is excellent agreement between the spatial locations of short-wave emission observed in the laboratory, and regions in which the model Lighthill/Ford inertia–gravity wave source term is large. We infer that the short waves in the baroclinically unstable fluid are freely propagating inertia–gravity waves generated by spontaneous adjustment of the large-scale flow.
10C continued: a deeper radio survey at 15.7 GHz

We thank the staff of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory for maintaining and operating AMI. IHW and CR acknowledge Science and Technology Facilities Council studentships. IHW acknowledges support from the Square Kilometre Array South Africa project and the South African National Research Foundation. This research has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System. We thank the referee for their careful reading of this manuscript.
Seed Germination in Arctic and Alpine Species

Account of germination tests made with the aim of ascertaining seed viability of plants from the arctic tundra of Alaska (near Umiat, 69 22 N, 152 10 W) and the alpine tundra of Wyoming. A greater proportion of the latter germinated (of 26 species, 21 i.e. 80%; of 36 arctic species, 22 or 61%); though individual species from both tundras showed a high percentage of germination. Conditions affecting germination, influence of light and darkness, wetness, etc., are analyzed.