Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing of the LHC Magnets in Cryogenic Conditions: Operation Challenges, Status and Outlook

For the Large Hadron Collider under construction at CERN and the testing of its 1706 Cryo-magnets in cryogenic conditions, considerable challenges had to be overcome since 2002 to arrive at the situation of today, with semi-routine operation of the purpose built tests facility. With the setting up of an Operation Team comprising of few non-expert CERN Accelerator operation staff, and a large external collaboration, it was essential to develop the methodology of working in light of external collaboration limits and base it on CERN-known techniques and experience in accelerator running-in, commissioning and routine operation. A flavour of the operation tools that were necessary or developed will be given, i. e. , web-based tests follow-up management & information systems, development of precisely defined ‘to do list’ of tests sequences, associated methods, procedures and strict check-lists, electronic logbooks and so forth. The presentation will briefly outline the tests operation programme and its context & constraints, give a summary of the accomplishments so far, together with the outlook for the successful completion of the whole programme within the project goals.
Serial assessment of the cardiovascular system in normal pregnancy. Role of arterial compliance and pulsatile arterial load.

BACKGROUND Temporal changes in systemic arterial compliance and wave propagation properties (pulsatile arterial load) and their role in ventricular-systemic arterial coupling during gestation have not been explored. Noninvasive methods combined with recently developed mathematical modeling techniques were used to characterize vascular and left ventricular (LV) mechanical adaptations during normal gestation. METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen healthy women were studied at each trimester of pregnancy and again postpartum. Experimental measurements included instantaneous aortic pressure (subclavian pulse tracings) and flow (aortic Doppler velocities) and echocardiographic imaging of the LV. A small increase in LV muscle mass and end-diastolic chamber dimension occurred by late gestation, with no significant alterations in myocardial contractility. Cardiac output increased and the steady component of arterial load (total vascular resistance) decreased during pregnancy. Several changes in pulsatile arterial load were noted: Global arterial compliance increased (approximately 30%) during the first trimester and remained elevated thereafter. The magnitude of peripheral wave reflections at the aorta was reduced. The mathematical model-based analysis revealed that peripheral wave reflections at the aorta were delayed and that both conduit and peripheral vessels contributed to the increased arterial compliance. Finally, coordinated changes in the pulsatile arterial load and LV properties were responsible for maintaining the efficiency of LV-to-arterial system energy transfer. CONCLUSIONS The rapid time course of compliance changes and the involvement of both conduit and peripheral vessels are consistent with reduced vascular tone as being the main underlying mechanism. The pulsatile arterial load alterations during normal pregnancy are adaptive in that they help to accommodate the increased intravascular volume while maintaining the efficiency of ventricular-arterial coupling and diastolic perfusion pressure.
Basal ganglia neurotransmitter concentrations in rhesus monkeys following subchronic manganese sulfate inhalation.

BACKGROUND Manganese neurotoxicity in humans is recognized as a form of parkinsonism with lesions occurring predominantly within the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, putamen, and caudate nucleus. METHODS This study evaluated dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, serotonin, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate concentrations in the globus pallidus, caudate, and putamen of male rhesus monkeys exposed subchronically to either air or manganese sulfate (MnSO4) at 0.06, 0.3, or 1.5 mg Mn/m3. RESULTS An approximate 1.5-6-fold increase (vs. air-exposed controls) in mean brain manganese concentration was observed following subchronic MnSO4 exposure. A marginally significant (P < 0.1) decrease in pallidal GABA and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration and caudate norepinephrine concentration occurred in monkeys exposed to MnSO4 at 1.5 mg Mn/m3. CONCLUSIONS Despite the presence of increased tissue manganese concentrations, high-dose exposure to MnSO4 was associated with relatively few changes in basal ganglial neurotransmitter concentrations.
Nonspecific Binding of Clostridium difficile Toxin A to Murine Immunoglobulins Occurs via the Fab Component

ABSTRACT Clostridium difficile toxin A binds nonspecifically to a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) immunoglobulin G3 λ chain [IgG3(λ)], through the Fab component. This binding, which is retained even after boiling the MAb, is temperature dependent, with more toxin bound at 4 than 37°C (P = 0.0024). The nonspecific binding was decreased by incubation of the IgG3 λ MAb with α- or β-galactosidase (P = 0.0001 and 0.029, respectively), indicating that toxin A binds to a carbohydrate moiety on the Fab. However, binding was not blocked by the Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin BS-1, indicating that a terminal α-galactose may not be involved. Binding was also not affected by competitive assays with Lewis X antigen. The dependence on carbohydrate moieties in nonspecific binding was also shown for two other MAbs, IgA(κ) and IgM(λ), with demonstration of a significant reduction in binding with α-galactosidase (P = 0.0001 and 0.0002, respectively) but not β-galactosidase (P = 0.27 and 0.25, respectively).
SRP‐dependent co‐translational targeting and SecA‐dependent translocation analyzed as individual steps in the export of a bacterial protein

Recently it has been recognized that the signal recognition particle (SRP) of Escherichia coli represents a specific targeting device for hydrophobic inner membrane proteins. It has remained unclear, however, whether the bacterial SRP functions in concert with SecA, which is required for the translocation of secretory proteins across the inner membrane. Here, we have analyzed a hybrid protein constructed by fusing the signal anchor sequence of an SRP‐dependent inner membrane protein (MtlA) to the mature part of an exclusively SecA‐requiring secretory protein (OmpA). We show that the signal anchor sequence of MtlA confers the novel properties onto nascent chains of OmpA of being co‐translationally recognized and targeted to SecY by SRP. Once targeted to SecY, ribosome‐associated nascent chains of the hybrid protein, however, remain untranslocated unless SecA is present. These results indicate that SRP and SecA cooperate in a sequential, non‐overlapping manner in the topogenesis of those membrane proteins which, in addition to a signal anchor sequence, harbor a substantial hydrophilic domain to be translocated into the periplasm.
Familial short stature caused by haploinsufficiency of the insulin-like growth factor i receptor due to nonsense-mediated messenger ribonucleic acid decay.

BACKGROUND IGF-I, essential for normal human growth in utero and postnatally, mediates its effects through the IGF-I receptor (IGF1R), a widely expressed, cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor. Five cases of heterozygous mutations in the IGF1R gene have been identified in patients with varying degrees of intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was the analysis of the IGF1R gene in a short-statured patient and his affected family members. PATIENT The male patient, with a height of -3.1 sd score (SDS; aged 12 yr), had normal circulating levels of GH binding protein, IGF-I, and IGF binding protein-3. His mother (-4.6 SDS), one of his siblings (-1.94 SDS), and several other maternal family members were also short statured. RESULTS The patient, his mother, and the short-statured sibling carry a novel heterozygous 19-nucleotide duplication within exon 18 of the IGF1R gene, which introduces a premature termination codon at codon 1106 of the IGF1R open reading frame on one allele. Analyses of the primary dermal fibroblasts derived from the patient and family members indicated that the IGF1R mRNA expressed from the mutant allele was degraded through the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway, resulting in reduced amount of wild-type IGF1R protein and, subsequently, diminished activation of the IGF1R pathway. CONCLUSIONS The mutation results in haploinsufficiency of IGF1R protein due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and is associated with familial short stature.
Genotype influence in responses to therapy for atrial fibrillation

ABSTRACT Introduction: Over the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in defining the genetic architecture of atrial fibrillation (AF). This has in part been driven by poor understanding of the pathophysiology of AF, limitations of current therapies and failure to target therapies to the underlying mechanisms. Areas covered: Genetic approaches to AF have identified mutations encoding cardiac ion channels, and signaling proteins linked with AF and genome-wide association studies have uncovered common genetic variants modulating AF risk. These studies have provided important insights into the underlying mechanisms of AF and defined responses to therapies. Common AF-risk alleles at the chromosome 4q25 locus modulate response to antiarrhythmic drugs, electrical cardioversion and catheter ablation. While the translation of these discoveries to the bedside care of individual patients has been limited, emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that genotype-directed approaches that target the underlying mechanisms of AF may not only improve therapeutic efficacy but also minimize adverse effects. Expert commentary: There is an urgent need for randomized controlled trials that are genotype-based for the treatment of AF. Nonetheless, emerging data suggest that selecting therapies for AF that are genotype-directed may soon be upon us.
Visible justice: YouTube and the UK Supreme Court

The purpose of the article is to undertake a critical examination of a new audiovisual form of judicial communicati on developed by the UK Supreme Court. An audiovisual recording of the judge delivering a summary of the judgment now accompanies the publication of the full written judgment and a two page “ press summary ” of the judgment. The summary judgment video is avai lable for viewing on demand and at a distance via The Internet. The article begins by introducing the audiovisual data that makes up the video case study at the centre of this study and outlines the methods used to undertake the subsequent analysis. It is followed by a review of a number of fields of scholarship and debates that the study of these videos engages with: about cameras in courts; transparency and open justice; and news media representations of courts. A consideration of these literatures provid es an opportunity to identify and consider how this study helps to make sense of the Court’s video initiative. It also provides an opportunity to consider the contribution that this study can make to those areas of work. An analysis of the case study video s follows, beginning with a consideration of the representations of the court, the judge and judgment that are to be found in those videos. Attention then turns to study the some of the cultural assumptions and institutional factors that shape the visibili ty of judgment that the videos are generating. The paper ends with some reflections and conclusions about the nature of this visibility and the contribution that the summary judgment videos make to “ open justice ” and the “ transparency ” of the court; in par ticular the judiciary and judicial decision - making .
Conodont affinity and chordate phylogeny

Current information on the conodonts Clydagnathus windsorensis (Globensky) and Promissum pulchrum Kovács‐ Endrödy, together with the latest interpretations of conodont hard tissues, are reviewed and it is concluded that sufficient evidence exists to justify interpretation of the conodonts on a chordate model. A new phylogenetic analysis is undertaken, consisting of 17 chordate taxa and 103 morphological, physiological and biochemical characters; conodonts are included as a primary taxon. Various experiments with character coding, taxon deletion and the use of constraint trees are carried out. We conclude that conodonts are cladistically more derived than either hagfishes or lampreys because they possess a mineralised dermal skeleton and that they are the most plesiomorphic member of the total group Gnathostomata. We discuss the evolution of the nervous and sensory systems and the skeleton in the context of our optimal phylogenetic tree. There appears to be no simple evolution of free to canal‐enclosed neuromasts; organised neuromasts within canals appear to have arisen at least three times from free neuromasts or neuromasts arranged within grooves. The mineralised vertebrate skeleton first appeared as odontodes of dentine or dentine plus enamel in the paraconodont/euconodont feeding apparatus. Bone appeared later, co‐ordinate with the development of a dermal skeleton, and it appears to have been primitively acellular. Atubular dentine is more primitive than tubular dentine. However, the subsequent distribution of the different types of dentine (e.g. mesodentine, orthodentine), suggests that these tissue types are homoplastic. The topology of relationships and known stratigraphic ranges of taxa in our phylogeny predict the existence of myxinoids and petromyzontids in the Cambrian.
Cloud Security and Compliance - A Semantic Approach in End to End Security

Abstract The Cloud services are becoming an essential part of many organizations. Cloud providers have to adhere to security and privacy policies to ensure their users’ data remains confidential and secure. Though there are some ongoing efforts on developing cloud security standards, most cloud providers are implementing a mishmash of security and privacy controls. This has led to confusion among cloud consumers as to what security measures they should expect from the cloud services, and whether these measures would comply with their security and compliance requirements. We have conducted a comprehensive study to review the potential threats faced by cloud consumers and have determined the compliance models and security controls that should be in place to manage the risk. Based on this study, we have developed an ontology describing the cloud security controls, threats and compliances. We have also developed an application that classifies the security threats faced by cloud users and automatically determines the high level security and compliance policy controls that have to be activated for each threat. The application also displays existing cloud providers that support these security policies. Cloud consumers can use our system to formulate their security policies and find compliant providers even if they are not familiar with the underlying technology.
Marked reduction in length of stay for patients with psychiatric emergencies after implementation of a comanagement model.

OBJECTIVES Patients with psychiatric emergencies often spend excessive time in an emergency department (ED) due to limited inpatient psychiatric bed capacity. The objective was to compare traditional resident consultation with a new model (comanagement) to reduce length of stay (LOS) for patients with psychiatric emergencies. The costs of this model were compared to those of standard care. METHODS This was a before-and-after study conducted in the ED of an urban academic medical center without an inpatient psychiatry unit from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2009. Subjects were all adult patients seen by ED clinicians and determined to be a danger to self or others or gravely disabled. At baseline, psychiatry residents evaluated patients and made therapeutic recommendations after consultation with faculty. The comanagement model was fully implemented in September 2008. In this model, psychiatrists directly ordered pharmacotherapy, regularly monitored effects, and intensified efforts toward appropriate disposition. Additionally, increased attending-level involvement expedited focused evaluation and disposition of patients. An interrupted time series analysis was used to study the effects of this intervention on LOS for all psychiatric patients transferred for inpatient psychiatric care. Secondary outcomes included mean number of hours on ambulance diversion per month and the mean number of patients who left without being seen (LWBS) from the ED. RESULTS A total of 1,884 patient visits were considered. Compared to the preintervention phase, median LOS for patients transferred for inpatient psychiatric care decreased by about 22% (p < 0.0005, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 15% to 28%) in the postintervention phase. Ambulance diversion hours increased by about 40 hours per month (p = 0.008, 95% CI = 11 to 69 hours) and the mean number of patients who LWBS decreased by about 26 per month (p = 0.106; 95% CI = -60 to 5.9 visits per month) in the postintervention phase. CONCLUSIONS A comanagement model was associated with a marked reduction in the LOS for this patient population.
Electrophysiologic and extracellular ionic changes during acute ischemia in failing and normal rabbit myocardium.

The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is higher in failing hearts than in control hearts, especially during acute ischemia. Electrophysiological and extracellular ionic changes during acute ischemia in normal and failing rabbit myocardium were assessed. Heart failure was induced in rabbits by combined volume and pressure overload. In perfused papillary muscles, the onset of electrical uncoupling and changes in action potential duration and conduction velocity during acute ischemia were determined. In Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts the changes in extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) and pH during acute global ischemia were studied. In perfused papillary muscles, during the first 10 min of ischemia, action potential duration at 80% of repolarization decreased more in preparations from failing than from control hearts (from 174 to 104 ms and from 156 to 119 ms respectively (P < 0.001)). Conduction velocity was significantly lower in failing hearts during ischemia (P < 0.005). The onset of electrical uncoupling was similar in failing and control hearts (mean +/- S.E.M., 17 +/- 1 and 15 +/- 1 min respectively, n.s.). Langendorff-perfused hearts [K+]o, after 10 min of ischemia, was 11.0 +/- 0.4 mM in failing and 9.5 +/- 0.3 mM in control hearts (P < 0.01), while the change in pH was the same. After pretreatment with glibenclamide, an ATP sensitive K+ channel blocker, [K+]o reached lower values after 10 min of ischemia in both failing (8.8 +/- 0.5 mM) and control hearts (7.2 +/- 0.4 mM). During ischemia, action potential duration shortening is more pronounced and conduction velocity is lower in failing myocardium than in control myocardium. [K+]o reaches higher values during acute ischemia in failing compared with normal myocardium. These changes are not caused by an earlier activation of IK.ATP. Increased spatial dispersion in electrophysiological parameters and [K+]o over the ischemic border in failing hearts may explain the higher propensity for reentrant arrhythmias during acute regional ischemia in failing hearts.
‘A Hazardous Task’: Britain and the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations

ABSTRACT In 2014, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations celebrated its fiftieth anniversary since its coming into force in 1964. Setting out the privileges and immunities accorded to diplomats and diplomatic missions, the negotiations of this convention were part of the United Nations' plan to strengthen the international rule of law. This article analyses the role of Britain, one of the major actors in the negotiation process. It explores how Britain's negotiation position was shaped by diplomatic realities of the 1950s, and the strategies used to ensure Britain's interests being reflected in the final convention. The focus will be on the overall political pressure that underlined Britain's negotiation position, in order to reveal the general UK position on the codification of diplomatic privileges and immunities. Despite the remarkably friendly atmosphere at the 1961 Vienna conference, Britain could not press through all its amendments which, through the concluding legislation process, protracted Britain's ratification process. The article shows while London was supporting the codification of international law, codification by convention was not its ultimate choice. Therefore, the subsequent legislation process was marked by an inter-departmental dispute between the Foreign Office and Treasury, inter alia, on the exemption of Scotch whisky from excise duties.
Web impact factor and link analysis of selected Indian universities

Investigates the effectiveness and relevance of web impact factors (WIFs) for Indian universities’ websites. Reviews web impact factor as to how this link-based metrics is developed and is applied. Reports a case study on universities in West Bengal. SocSciBot 3.0 is used to generate link data in order to develop/form micro-link topology under study. Result shows that all the NIT s are closely related in the topology framework/their activities whereas nodes are not linked significantly for the case of state universities and central universities.
Dynamics of the free-living stages of sheep intestinal parasites on pasture in the North Island of New Zealand. 2. Weather variables associated with development

Abstract AIM: To identify weather variables associated with the development of eggs of Teladorsagia (=Ostertagia) circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus to third-stage infective larvae (L3) under a range of climatic conditions on pasture in the North Island of New Zealand. METHODS: Sheep faeces containing known numbers of eggs of all three nematode species were deposited on, or buried in, pasture plots at three sites, viz coastal Manawatu, Upper Hutt Valley, and East Cape hill country. Development was measured by recovering L3 from faeces, herbage and soil 28–31 days after deposition, on 13–18 occasions between January 2005 until July 2006. Weather data were recorded at each site, and the association between weather variables and number of L3 recovered was analysed using subsets regression to select best-fitting models from several candidate variables, after adjustment for efficiency of recovery of L3. A multiple linear regression model was then developed for each species, to select weather variables that had both significant and substantive effects on the number of L3 recovered. RESULTS: For all species, mean daily temperature was the bestpredictor of the number of L3 recovered (p=0.001). For T.circumcincta the final model included mean daily temperature and soil temperature (R2=51%), and for T. colubriformis the model only included mean daily temperature (R2=55%). For development of H. contortus, mean daily temperature was the most significant variable, but moisture in the form of rainfall entropy, i.e. the temporal distribution of rainfall, overthe first 14 days was also significant in the final model (R2=34%). CONCLUSIONS: Temperature was the most important determinant of developmental success of free-living nematodes on pasture at the study sites, and probably also for other parts ofNew Zealand with similar climates. Moisture was not significant in the development of T. circumcincta or T.colubriformis, implying that under the generally moist temperate climate in New Zealand, moisture is seldom limiting for development of these species. Haemonchus contortusappeared to be sensitive to moisture availability and precipitation in the first 14 days after deposition of faeces. The results of this study will be further developed as part of species-specific climate-driven models of parasite development in New Zealand.