Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biological and mechanical subsoiling in potato production - a participatory research approach

Soil compaction in agricultural fields has increased due to the use of heavy agricultural machinery and intensified vehicular traffic. Compaction reduces total porosity, permeability and water-holding capacity in soil, leading to poorer aeration and impeded root development and nutrient uptake. Soil compaction occurs in topsoil and subsoil, but subsoil compaction is considered more persistent, complex and costly to alleviate. Mechanical methods such as deep tillage and biological methods such as use of deep-rooting crops are available to deal with soil compaction, but combining these methods might tackle compaction more efficiently. This thesis investigates the effects of mechanical inter-row subsoiling, biological subsoiling and a combination of these on soil penetration resistance, potato root length density, nutrient uptake, tuber yield and quality. Part of the study involved interdisciplinary methodology and participatory research, in which farmers, advisors and researchers formed a collaborative research group to develop effective methods to reverse soil compaction and improve potato production. To test hypotheses field experiments at an experimental farm and on seven collaborating farms in southern Sweden (Skane, Blekinge and Ostergotland) following the principle for the so called mother and baby (farm) trial design were performed. Inter-row subsoiling alone and in combination with preceding crops greatly improved soil penetration resistance. Root length density (RDL) was higher in the combined treatment than in the separate inter-row and biological subsoiling treatments. Nitrogen uptake increased with inter-row subsoiling which in starch potato trials could be shown as an increase in total tuber yield. A positive effect of autumn-sown oilseed radish as preceding crop treatment was shown in farm trials. The incidence of external and internal quality defects was low in all treatments. The results from the field trials led to many interesting debates with participating farmers with specific knowledge of their own farm conditions and to a new, deeper understanding of the potato cropping system and potential improvements. Over time, the unique combination of a collaborative research group in connection with regional participatory learning and development groups became a combined boundary organisation. Such structures can close the gap between science and practical farming and contribute to innovation and capacity building among farmers and all stakeholders, and thus need to be created and maintained.
A Microphysical Interpretation of Radar Reflectivity–Rain Rate Relationships

Abstract The microphysical aspects of the relationship between radar reflectivity Z and rainfall rate R are examined. Various concepts discussed in the literature are integrated into a coherent analytical framework and discussed with a focus on the interpretability of Z–R relations from a microphysical point of view. The forward problem of analytically characterizing the Z–R relationship based on exponential, gamma, and monodisperse raindrop size distributions is highlighted as well as the inverse problem of a microphysical interpretation of empirically obtained Z–R relation coefficients. Three special modes that a Z–R relationship may attain are revealed, depending on whether the variability of the raindrop size distribution is governed by variations of drop number density, drop size, or a coordinated combination thereof with constant ratio of mean drop size and number density. A rain parameter diagram is presented that assists in diagnosing these microphysical modes. The number-controlled case results i.
The Social Impact of Social Funds in Jamaica: A ‘Participatory Econometric’ Analysis of Targeting, Collective Action, and Participation in Community-Driven Development

Qualitative data from a case study of the Jamaica social investment fund reveal that the social fund process is elite-driven and decision-making tends to be dominated by a small group of motivated individuals. However, there is broad-based satisfaction with the outcome. Quantitative data from 500 households mirror these findings by showing that, ex-ante, the social fund does not address the expressed needs of the majority of individuals in the majority of communities. By the completion of the project, however, 80 per cent of the community expresses satisfaction with the outcome. An analysis of the determinants of participation reveals that better educated and better networked individuals dominate the process. Propensity-score analysis demonstrates that JSIF has had a causal impact on improvements in trust and the capacity for collective action, but these gains are greater for elites.
Braincase evolution in suchian archosaurs (Reptilia: Diapsida): evidence from the rauisuchian Batrachotomus kupferzellensis

The osteology of an almost complete braincase of the rauisuchian archosaur Batrachotomus kupferzellensis Gower from the Middle Triassic of Germany is described. There is a possibly discrete epiotic ossification, the metotic fissure is undivided by bone (i.e. there is a metotic foramen), the medial wall of the otic capsule is mostly ossified, the cerebral branch of the internal carotid artery entered the lateral surface of the parabasisphenoid, the ventral ramus of the opisthotic is more prominent laterally than a strong subvertical ridge on the exoccipital and basioccipital that lies posterior to the external foramen for the hypoglossal nerve, and the perilymphatic foramen faces away from the otic capsule in a posterior direction. Braincase morphology in the rauisuchians Saurosuchus galilei, Postosuchus kirkpatricki, and Tikisuchus romeri is reviewed. A matrix of 27 braincase characters for 12 archosaurian taxa is analysed. The most parsimonious hypothesis is consistent with the currently orthodox view of archosaurian phylogeny, except in that aetosaurians are more closely related to crocodylomorphs than is any rauisuchian. This phylogeny is used in a brief interpretation of the evolution of derived braincase features present in extant crocodilians. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 136, 49–76.
A Study on Nature of Sports Injuries among the Players of Different Age and Gender Groups in Kabaddi

1 Assistant Teacher, Habibpur High School, Nadia 2 Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education K.U, Kalyani, Nadia Abstract Kabaddi Players had to perform different types of natural and unnatural movements. For the nature of competition, unnatural body movements, lack of knowledge about fitness and foul play, injuries occur at different levels, gender and age groups of Kabaddi players. The game is played and organized at low cost and not well prepared grounds with comparison to other sports. At least practical experiences across rural Bengal support this view. Even at International levels players are prone to injury for the games speedy character and aggressive nature. Keeping the aforesaid scenario in view it was decided to look into the kinds, intensity and probability of injuries of the game. The intension in selecting it for injury-research was also to help the economically backward players, in rural Bengal in particular, get over their injury. For injury-research the tile was “a study on nature of sports injuries among the players of different age and gender groups in kabaddi”. For the purpose of the study 154 Kabaddi players of repute was considered as the subject of the study. Each subject was provided with a questionnaire in connection with sports injuries genesis, history and frequency of injury suffered by the Kabaddi players from the analysis of the questionnaires. And from the study it was found that, in case of senior male and female Kabaddi players, as ankle ligament (sprain) injury was concern, male and female reported 25.93% and 14.29%; Knee ligament (sprain) injury 18.52 % and 25.71%; contusion or bruise were 12.96% and 5.71%; and laceration 5.56% and 17.14% respectively. Among under nineteen male and female Kabaddi players it was recorded that female reported higher ankle ligament (sprain) injury 23.81% and male 19.23%. But in knee ligament (sprain) injury Male-23.08% and female 19.05%. Contusion or bruise 19.23% and 19.05%, laceration 11.54% and 14.29% respectively. From the age group of under seventeen male Kabaddi players the injury percentage was recorded as ankle and knee ligament (sprain) was same as male 19.05% female 11.76% and 17.65%. Contusion or bruise and muscle or tendon (strain) injuries were 23.81% and 23.53% each. Laceration was 9.52% and 17.65% respectively. In case of under fourteen male and female Kabaddi players, knee ligament (sprain) injury 25% and 20%. And ankle ligament (sprain), contusion or bruise and muscle or tendon (strain) injury was 18.75% and in female it was 20%, 20% and 13.33% respectively. And finally it was concluded that Higher the age groups higher was the frequency and severity of injury.
To Migrate or to Commute?

In this paper, we investigate the agglomeration patterns in a New Economic Geography model when commuting is allowed. The introduction of both commuting and housing costs leads to a disentangling of the agglomeration of firms and people. Commuting allows workers to continue living in agglomerations and enjoying the benefits of a larger product variety, despite high housing costs, since they may choose to commute to another place where they receive higher wages, which in turn enables them to cover high housing costs at their place of living. This observation is especially true for skilled workers, who generally are more mobile than unskilled workers.
Reproductive Characteristics and Egg Development in Flounder (Pleuronectes flesus luscus) in the Southern Black Sea

Spawning time, total fecundity, egg size, fertilization and hatching rates, and egg development of the flounder, Pleuronectes flesus luscus, were investigated in six wild female broodstock (mean wt 394.4±226.8 g). Spawning lasted 33 days from December 29 to January 30. Mean total fecundity was 171.4±109 x 103 eggs per female. Newly ovulated eggs were spherical and buoyant, with a diameter of 1.075-1.213 mm (avg 1.156±0.025 mm), a colorless transparent chorion, a slightly yellowish unsegmented yolk, and a narrow perivitelline space, without an oil globule. Fertilization and hatching rates were 17.2±15.7% and 51.5±27.6%, respectively. Hatching occurred after 117 h of incubation at 9.8-11oC. There were variations in egg size between batches, with the size tending to decrease during the spawning season (p<0.05).
Neotectonics of mainland Portugal: state of the art and future perspectives

This paper presents a synthesis of the neotectonic studies performed in mainland Portugal that address the “recent” (post Piacenzian, ~3 Ma) tectonic evolution of the Portuguese territory as part of the West Iberian continental margin, specifically in regard to regional seismic hazard evaluation. The interaction of the Iberian microplate with the Nubia plate is identified as the source for the regional neotectonic deformations, which occur at relatively low rates in spite of significant historical seismic activity. In this context of low strain rates expressed by the presence of slow slip rate active faults, it is important to acquire paleoseismic data on the major seismogenic structures to characterize the large earthquakes that they generated in the past, because average recurrence intervals are much longer than the time span covered by the regional historical and instrumental period.
Antideuterons as a Signature of Supersymmetric Dark Matter

Once the energy spectrum of the secondary component is well understood, measurements of the antiproton cosmic–ray flux at the Earth will be a powerful way to indirectly probe for the existence of supersymmetric relics in the galactic halo. Unfortunately, it is still spoilt by considerable theoretical uncertainties. As shown in this work, searches for low–energy antideuterons appear in the mean time as a plausible alternative, worth being explored. Above a few GeV/n, a dozen spallation antideuterons should be collected by the future AMS experiment on board ISSA. For energies less than � 3 GeV/n, the ¯ D spallation component becomes negligible and may be supplanted by a potential supersymmetric signal. If a few low–energy antideuterons are discovered, this should be seriously taken as a clue for the existence of massive neutralinos in the Milky Way.
N2O5 uptake coefficients and nocturnal NO2 removal rates determined from ambient wintertime measurements

Heterogeneous N2O5 uptake onto aerosol is the primary nocturnal path for removal of NOx (= NO + NO2) from the atmosphere and can also result in halogen activation through production of ClNO2. The N2O5 uptake coefficient has been the subject of numerous laboratory studies; however, only a few studies have determined the uptake coefficient from ambient measurements, and none has been focused on winter conditions, when the portion of NOx removed by N2O5 uptake is the largest. In this work, N2O5 uptake coefficients are determined from ambient wintertime measurements of N2O5 and related species at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory in Weld County, CO, a location that is highly impacted by urban pollution from Denver, as well as emissions from agricultural activities and oil and gas extraction. A box model is used to analyze the nocturnal nitrate radical chemistry and predict the N2O5 concentration. The uptake coefficient in the model is iterated until the predicted N2O5 concentration matches the measured concentration. The results suggest that during winter, the most important influence that might suppress N2O5 uptake is aerosol nitrate but that this effect does not suppress uptake coefficients enough to limit the rate of NOx loss through N2O5 hydrolysis. N2O5 hydrolysis was found to dominate the nocturnal chemistry during this study consuming ~80% of nocturnal gas phase nitrate radical production. Typically, less than 15% of the total nitrate radical production remained in the form of nocturnal species at sunrise when they are photolyzed and reform NO2.
A probabilistic sediment cascade model of sediment transfer in the Illgraben

We present a probabilistic sediment cascade model to simulate sediment transfer in a mountain basin (Illgraben, Switzerland) where sediment is produced by hillslope landslides and rockfalls and exported out of the basin by debris flows and floods. The model conceptualizes the fluvial system as a spatially lumped cascade of connected reservoirs representing hillslope and channel storages where sediment goes through cycles of storage and remobilization by surface runoff. The model includes all relevant hydrological processes that lead to runoff formation in an Alpine basin, such as precipitation, snow accumulation, snowmelt, evapotranspiration, and soil water storage. Although the processes of sediment transfer and debris flow generation are described in a simplified manner, the model produces complex sediment discharge behavior which is driven by the availability of sediment and antecedent wetness conditions (system memory) as well as the triggering potential (climatic forcing). The observed probability distribution of debris flow volumes and their seasonality in 2000–2009 are reproduced. The stochasticity of hillslope sediment input is important for reproducing realistic sediment storage variability, although many details of the hillslope landslide triggering procedures are filtered out by the sediment transfer system. The model allows us to explicitly quantify the division into transport and supply‐limited sediment discharge events. We show that debris flows may be generated for a wide range of rainfall intensities because of variable antecedent basin wetness and snowmelt contribution to runoff, which helps to understand the limitations of methods based on a single rainfall threshold for debris flow initiation in Alpine basins.
Does parenthood increase happiness? Evidence for Poland

In the recent decade demographers turned their attention to investigating the effects of children on self-rated happiness or life satisfaction. The underlying idea of this strand of research is to find out whether it pays off for individuals to become parents in terms of their subjective well-being, given the costs of having children. Following this line of research, this article studies the impacts of childbearing on individual-level happiness in Poland; a country which experienced a rapid decline in fertility despite the particularly strong attachment of young Poles to family values. To this end, we applied methods for panel data analysis which allowed us to control for endogeneity of subjective well-being and parenthood. Our results reveal a significantly positive effect of the first child on the subjective well-being of mothers. For men, this impact is weaker and most likely temporary since it weakens with the child's increasing age. An important finding is that neither for men nor for women does the positive impact of parenthood rise with an increase in parity. This may explain the persistence of low fertility in this country.
Cat.Jour.Ling. 4 001-252

In Limburg Dutch, the difference between neuter and feminine agreement on adjectives is expressed by a difference in lexical tone. This paper argues that this distinction is due to a difference in underlying representations and not to a paradigmatic antifaithfulness effect. In particular, it argues for a specific version of REALIZE-MORPHEME, the constraint demanding every underlying morpheme to be present in phonological surface representations. The key argument is that a schwa suffix turns up whenever the tonal change from neuter to feminine is not possible.
Among Adult Cancer Survivors Treated With Anthracycline Chemotherapies, Concurrent Statin Therapy May Reduce Their Decline in Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Background: Anthracycline chemotherapies are used to treat a wide variety of malignancies. A study by Von Hoff et al showed that 2.2% of patients previously treated with anthracycline chemotherapy were later diagnosed with heart failure. A more recent study by Smain, et al, showed that 26% of patients receiving higher doses of anthracycline were later diagnosed with heart failure. Statins have been shown to have properties that may allow them to be cardioprotective. Animal research performed by Henninger et al suggests that statin therapy is beneficial for reducing anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity in mice.It also lends evidence supporting the theory that, among adult cancer survivors treated with anthracycline chemotherapies, statin therapy may reduce their decline in left ventricular dysfunction, which is the aim of this systematic review. Methods: An exhaustive search using MEDLINE-Ovid, ClinicalKey, and Web of Science was performed using the terms: statin, anthracycline, and heart failure. Studies were excluded if they were review articles, opinionbased articles, animal studies, published over five years ago, or written in a language besides English. Articles were assessed for quality using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results: Three studies met criteria and were used in this systematic review. A randomized controlled trial by Acar et al found that the mean reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly lower in the statin group than the control group (P < 0.0001). A retrospective observational study by Seicean et al found that only four cases of heart failure requiring hospitalization occurred in the group receiving statin therapy, as opposed to 23 cases in the control group (P = 0.03; HR: 0.3). Another retrospective observational study by Chotenimitkhun et al showed a statistically significant, linear, dose-response relationship between the amount of statin given daily and the decline in LVEF (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Overall, the quality of evidence supporting the use of statin therapy concurrently with anthracycline treatment is low. However, the data from these studies is significant and warrants further investigation. Statins are generally well tolerated medications and benefits have been shown to occur with less than one year of therapy. The evidence would argue that the benefits of using statins concurrently and for six months following anthracycline chemotherapy outweigh the risks unless otherwise contraindicated. Degree Type Capstone Project This capstone project is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu. edu/pa/592 Degree Name Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies First Advisor Annjanette Sommers
Chapter 13 The Optical Phenomena of Interplay between Nanobio Complexes : A Theoretical Insight into Their Biomedical Applications

The subnanometer‐sized coinage metal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted more attention due to their unique electronic structures and subsequent physical, chemical and excellent photoluminescent properties. The DNA‐stabilized metal clusters had become a remark‐ ably good choice for the selection of fluorescent color by the sequence of the stabilizing DNA oligomer. Similarly, the single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) also have unique optical properties which make them useful in many applications. The interaction of DNA and SWCNT is also useful in molecular sensors and it is assumed that amplification of the DNA sensing element may be necessary in the presence of SWCNTs. As the application of NP‐CNT system represents a great interest in nanobiotechnology, it can be used for the design of the electronic mobile diagnostic facilities for blood analysis and the chemical or drug delivery inside the living cell. The SWCNTs are used as a drug delivery vehicles used to target the specific cancer cells. Separately, along with DNA‐NP, the DNA‐CNT system also represents a great interest, nowadays, in biomedical applications due to diagnostics and treatment of oncology diseases. So combining the DNA‐NP‐SWCNT system can rep‐ resent a potential target of modern research. The interplay of DNA, NP and SWCNTs has now become a current topic of research for further nanobiomedical applications.
Imageology in staging and treatment efficacy of transforaminal lumbar interbody debridement and fusion for Brucella spondylitis in lumbar spine

Objective: It was aimed to investigate the application of different imaging methodologies in the grading of lumbar Brucella spondylitis, and to evaluate the value of Transforaminal Lumbar Intervertebral Body Debridement and Fusion (TLIDF) in the treatment. Methods: 22 patients who had undergone lumbar surgery for Brucella spondylitis were recruited in this study. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-reactive Protein (CRP), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were monitored before and after the surgery, and all patients were followed up after discharge to assess the treatment efficacy. Results: 72.8% of the patients had middle stage Brucella spondylitis, with 22.7% and 4.5% of the patients fell into early and late stage, respectively. 20 out of 22 patients received TLIDF surgery. No relapse or complications were observed during follow-up in all patients. Compared with their presurgery levels, ESR and CRP decreased significantly in these patients after the surgery. Besides, postsurgery VAS and ODI scores also had a significantly improvement compared with the values before surgery (all p<0.05). Conclusion: Lumbar Brucella spondylitis had different characteristics on image examinations at different stages of the disease. TLIDF was an effective surgical approach to eliminate symptoms and processed long-term clinical efficacy.