Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphologic Variation and the Rate of Growth of Bacteria

cetera, make up separate chapters which are necessarily too limited in space for adequate treatment of the subjects involved. One gets the impression that the author is attempting to provide in a single volume all that needs to be known about these diseases, in order that the book may become a vade-mecum to the dentist or oral specialist. It is insulting to the more intelligent of the dental profession to assume that this can be done. If the author would amplify these chapters into fasciculi, which would form a series of monographs in his field, the value of these would be great. As it is, the book is grown into a volume of such size that it requires a book-rest for convenient reading and yet it does not hit the mark at which the author is aiming. It should be added that he has made as good a shot as could be made under these limitations. It is particularly pleasing to see a concise and authoritative bibliography appended to each chapter which, as it is to be presumed the author expects, amplifies the necessarily condensed text. The illustrations, of which there are 336, with 43 in color, are on the whole very well chosen for their purposes and are adequately reproduced. Some of the latter could be omitted, inasmuch as they are intelligible only to those familiar with the lesion in question and who do not need such visualization. The book comprises in a large part the substance of a series of papers published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases. The au-thor's methods of approach to the problem are amply described, and the results obtained are presented clearly and logically, together with deductions drawn from the IOO,OOO or more observations made on the morphology and rate of growth of four different organisms, Bacillus megatherium, a diphtheroid organism, Bacterium coli and Vibrio cholerae. A short chapter is devoted to senescence and one to spore formation. Bacterial growth occurs in cycles or phases variously defined by different investigators. Instead of the more complex cycle described by some, Henrici divides the growth curve into the following three distinct phases: (i) period of accelerating growth, (2) period of negative acceleration in growth, 'nd (3) period of negative ac
Left orders in Garside groups

We consider the structure group of a non-degenerate symmetric (non-trivial) set-theoretical solution of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation. This is a Bieberbach group and also a Garside group. We show this group is not bi-orderable, that is it does not admit a total order which is invariant under left and right multiplication. Regarding the existence of a left invariant total ordering, there is a great diversity. There exist structure groups with space of left orders homeomorphic to the Cantor set and all left orders Conradian, while there exist others that are even not unique product groups.
Psychiatric Diagnoses in Inner City Outpatients with Moderate to Severe Asthma

Objective: Psychiatric symptoms may be associated with increased asthma morbidity and mortality. However, no investigations have identified syndromal psychiatric diagnoses in asthma patients using current diagnostic criteria or examined treatment received for mental illness. Method: We conducted structured clinical interviews on 32 patients with moderate to severe asthma to identify current and past psychiatric illness. Results: Twenty-five percent of subjects had current major depressive disorder, but only 25 percent of these received antidepressants. Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder (16 percent), and social (13 percent) and specific phobias (28 percent) were also common. All subjects with panic disorder were receiving appropriate therapy. Conclusions: Asthma patients with moderate to severe asthma treated at community health facilities may have high rates of often untreated mood and anxiety disorders. Interventions aimed at identifying and treating psychiatric disorders in this population are needed.
DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SCYPHOMEDUSAE

The eggs of the scyphomedusae vary in size from 0–03 to 0–3 mm. diameter, a variation of a thousand‐fold in volume. Type of gastrulation is correlated fairly closely with egg size, the smallest eggs gastrulating by unipolar ingression, the largest by complete or partial invagination, while eggs of intermediate size gastrulate by a combined process of ingression and invagination. The nature of the subsequent development is equally correlated with egg size and type of gastrulation. The smallest become vermiform planula larvae incapable of constituting a polyp directly, the intermediate‐sized eggs form planulae which become polyps or scyphistomae, larger eggs may occasionally form actinula larvae and so form a polyp without having had an active planula existence, while the largest eggs develop directly into the ephyra‐medusa, omitting the scyphistoma stage entirely. In the case of the smallest, and of the smaller intermediate types, the blastula and planula stages have the capacity to grow as such without accompanying progress in differentiation. Budding may occur even at the planula stage.
Developmental expression of two-pore domain K+ channels, TASK-1 and TREK-1, in the rat cochlea

Developmental expression of two-pore domain potassium (2P K+) channels, TASK-1 and TREK-1, was investigated in the rat cochlea at onset of hearing and after maturity using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. TASK-1 and TREK-1 mRNAs were detected by RT-PCR at postnatal day (P) 9–12. TASK-1 like immunoreactivity (LIR) in the P13 cochlea was observed in Deiters', pillar, Claudius' and outer sulcus cells, spiral limbus fibrocytes, and neuroglia. At P13, TREK-1-LIR was more wide-spread, and included sensory and supporting cells of the organ of Corti, spiral ganglion, stria vascularis, Reissner's membrane, inner and outer sulcus cells, connective and support tissues surrounding modiolus. By P105 the pattern of TASK-1- and TREK-1-LIR became limited to a subset of the above structures, suggesting developmental regulation. During postnatal development, TASK-1 may be important in the onset (around P11) and maturation (by P22) of endocochlear potential and hearing. The distribution of TASK-1 and TREK-1 suggest a role in K+ cycling and homeostasis. As TASK-1 and TREK-1 are inhibited by local anesthetics at doses used to treat tinnitus, 2P K+ channels may also be important in cochlear dysfunction.
Implications of Popliteal Lymph Node Detected by Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Background Although there is lymphatic flow into the popliteal fossa from a skin tumor located in the lower leg, popliteal metastasis is extremely rare. Recently, sentinel lymph nodes outside traditional nodal basins have been identified. This study investigated the incidence of sentinel nodes in the popliteal region and the indication for biopsy. Methods Fourteen patients with various skin cancers involving the lower extremities (nine melanomas, four squamous cell carcinomas, and one sweat gland carcinoma) underwent lymphoscintigraphy and excision with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Results In all 14 patients, hot spots showed accumulation in the groin region. Five of 14 patients (36%) demonstrated popliteal sentinel nodes in addition to the inguinal nodes. Three of five popliteal sentinel nodes were histologically studied. A patient with acral melanoma demonstrated micrometastasis of melanoma cells in a popliteal node but not in the groin node. Conclusion This study demonstrates that sentinel lymph nodes located in the popliteal fossa are frequently detected by lymphoscintigraphy and that biopsy should be performed if popliteal nodes are identified.
Binge drinking, reflection impulsivity, and unplanned sexual behavior: impaired decision-making in young social drinkers.

BACKGROUND The repeated pattern of heavy intoxication followed by withdrawal from alcohol (i.e., "binge drinking") has been found to have substantial adverse effects on prefrontal neural systems associated with decision-making and impulse control. Repeated binge drinking has been linked to risky and unplanned sexual behavior; however few studies have examined the role of impulsivity and related cognitive processes in understanding this association. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between binge drinking, "reflection impulsivity" (deficits in gathering and evaluating information during decision-making), alcohol-related expectancies, and unplanned sexual behavior in a sample of young social drinkers. METHODS Ninety-two university students completed the alcohol use questionnaire (AUQ) to measure alcohol intake and binge drinking. Two groups (low-binge and high-binge) were generated from the AUQ data. The Information Sampling Task (IST) was used to measure reflection impulsivity; the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ) for alcohol outcome expectancies; and an unplanned sexual behavior questionnaire, which asked about the number of unplanned sexual events. RESULTS When compared to the low-binge drinking group, the high-binge drinkers had significantly more unplanned sexual encounters and were impaired on the IST, reflection-impulsivity task. They scored higher on the alcohol expectancy factors of sociability, risk and aggression, negative self-perception, and in particular liquid courage. In a regression analysis, number of unplanned sexual encounters, binge drinking score, and liquid courage were all significantly related. CONCLUSIONS These results support the role of binge drinking in reduced impulse control and decision-making deficits. The findings indicate that high-binge drinkers demonstrate impairments on an impulse control task similar to that observed in dependent samples and this may be a factor in understanding the negative behavioral consequences associated with excessive alcohol use.
Lipid Profile in Jordanian Children with ß-thalassemia Major

The aim of the present study was to investigate the lipid pattern in Jordanian children with Beta-thalassemia major (s-TM). Twenty six transfusion dependent s-TM patients, 14 males and 12 females, (mean age 9 ± 5 years) that undergo periodical blood transfusion and desferioxame as a chelating agent, were studied. Twenty controls of matched age and gender were also included in the study. s-thalassemia major patients showed significantly lower total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared with control. Serum triglycerides levels of TM patients were found to be significantly higher than levels in control subjects. Our results revealed that lipid profile changed in patients with major s-TM. Many factors such as iron overload, liver injury, hormonal disturbances and aging might cause these changes.
A mounting method on configuring a wavelength-voltage relation of an optical tunable bandpass filter (TBF) for actuation & control

Although commercial tunable optical filters with integrated electronic controls are available, it costs much more than a manually tunable filter. This paper aims to demonstrate a simple procedure on mounting a manually tunable bandpass filter (TBF), with a mathematical model to represent the relation between the sensor's output and the central wavelength of the filter. A position sensor is used to match the central wavelength of the filter and the sensor's output. This results in a simple mount to actuate the TBF and the position of the wavelength is simply translated in terms of the output voltage. Although the accuracy of the system is not commercial grade, a rudimentary setup with promising results can be observed. We present the mount using very simple components, utilizing motorized actuation, with an analog voltage output which can bear any desired resolution for digitization. Finally, a mathematical model is developed to represent the wavelength-voltage relation. This setup paves way for researchers to log the central wavelength from tunable filters without the need for any equipment, at a much lower cost compared to its commercial counterparts.
Cofactors and eigenvectors of banded Toeplitz matrices: Trench formulas via skew Schur polynomials

The Jacobi-Trudi formulas imply that the minors of the banded Toeplitz matrices can be written as certain skew Schur polynomials. In 2012, Alexandersson expressed the corresponding skew partitions in terms of the indices of the struck-out rows and columns. In the present paper, we develop the same idea and obtain some new applications. First, we prove a slight generalization and modification of Alexandersson's formula. Second, we deduce corollaries about the cofactors and eigenvectors of banded Toeplitz matrices, and give new simple proofs to the corresponding formulas published by Trench in 1985.
Vectorial finite element BPM scheme applied to coupled leaky waveguide

In this paper, an efficient finite-element formulation for dielectric media with transverse anisotropy is applied to the analysis of polished-type optical fiber couplers. The method uses triangular elements in the discretization and perfectly matched layers are used as absorbing boundary. In this case we assume that two cores are curved in a parabolic shape, and between them a leaky waveguide with an index-matching liquid layer is included. The distance between cores is variable parameters. Due the inclusion of leaky waveguide the coupling distance reduces drastically.
Reflection, brooding, and suicidality: a preliminary study of different types of rumination in individuals with a history of major depression.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between reflection, brooding, and suicidality in participants with a history of major depression. METHOD Participants were divided into three groups - those who had never been suicidal (N=11), suicide ideators (N=11), and suicide attempters (N=10). Participants completed the Ruminative Responses Scale to explore scores on the brooding and reflection subscales in each group. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between groups and type of self-focused thinking: suicide attempters more strongly endorsed brooding than reflection, whilst non-suicidal, but previously depressed individuals showed the reverse trend. Suicidal and non-suicidal groups differed significantly in levels of reflection, but did not differ significantly in levels of brooding. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in reflection appear to be linked to suicidality in major depression consistent with evidence of problem-solving deficits in these groups.
Cost-effectiveness of assertive community treatment for homeless persons with severe mental illness

Background Homelessness is a major public health problem among persons with severe mental illness (SMI). Cost-effective programmes that address this problem are needed. Aims To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an assertive community treatment (ACT) programme for these persons in Baltimore, Maryland. Methods A total of 152 homeless persons with SMI were randomly allocated to either ACT or usual services. Direct treatment costs and effectiveness, represented by days of stable housing, were assessed. Results Compared with usual care, ACT costs were significantly lower for mental health in-patient days and mental health emergency room care, and significantly higher for mental health out-patient visits and treatment for substance misuse. ACT patients spent 31% more days in stable housing than those receiving usual care. ACT and usual services incurred $242 and $415 respectively in direct treatment costs per day of stable housing, an efficiency ratio of 0. 58 in favour of ACT. Patterns of care and costs varied according to race. Conclusion ACT provides a cost-effective approach to reducing homelessness among persons with severe and persistent mental illnesses.
Classifiers for Discrimination of Significant Protein Residues and Protein-Protein Interaction Using Concepts of Information Theory and Machine Learning

The field of protein-analysis is a major research area for bioinformatics. Especially the field of predicting important sites in proteins is in the focus of research to reduce the cost and time involved in the experimental approach of protein-analysis. Due to our success with theoretical approaches for detecting horizontal gene transfer we decided to use a similar approach for the problem of predicting important residues in a protein chain. To be able to have an efficient predictor, classifiers are needed to separate the important protein residues from the rest of the protein chain. Developing and refining two classifiers is the topic of this thesis. The first classifier is based on information theory and uses the concept of entropy and mutual information to rate protein residues. We use multiple sequence alignments to calculate the entropy of a residue pair and its mutual information. This is an indicator for the correlation between these two residues and thus an indicator for co-evolution. Through statistical means, we identify residues that have significant entropy values under the aspect of coevolution. By using a threshold, the top rated residues are classified as important sites of the protein. This classifier is very successful in detecting Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. The second classifier is based on the distribution of amino acids in a protein and focuses on detecting protein interfaces by using concepts from machine learning. Based upon existing data we analyze the neighborhood of known interface residues and use a machine learning algorithm to create a hypothesis. This hypothesis is then used to predict interface residues on a selected protein chain. This classifier has a very good accuracy and the focus can be easily adjusted to fit variable approaches to protein-analysis. These two classifiers offer a good base for predicting important protein sites and show promising results in experiments. Due to the theoretical concepts involved they can be easily adapted for other analytical purposes as well.
Tacit Knowledge: Review and Possible Research Directions

– Tacit knowledge is often difficult to define, given its inexpressible characteristics. Literature review highlights the impact of tacit knowledge on certain knowledge management topics and these include organizational learning, intellectual capital, knowledge management strategy and so forth, but some research gaps remain. The paper aims to propose directions for future research in this domain of discourse. , – A review of existing studies highlights some gaps in the literature on the role of tacit knowledge, which is followed by questions for future research. , – Given the richness of tacit knowledge discourse, the authors believe that the proposed questions offer avenues for scholars to explore and develop greater understanding of the role of tacit know‐how in certain knowledge management topics. , – The authors acknowledge that there are certain limitations to this paper, namely, focusing on the review of tacit knowledge and not on other forms of knowledge. The review presents the role of tacit knowledge and its use in the context of knowledge management related topics. Finally this study proposes only future research directions that are far from being exhaustive, rather than presenting field study results. , – This paper reviews the existing literature on how tacit knowledge is perceived and used in certain knowledge management areas. Reviewing the current literature uncovers a number of gaps regarding the role of tacit knowledge.
Obstructive sleep apnea: a risk factor for work disability.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a risk factor for work disability. PATIENTS AND SETTING Consecutive patients referred to the University of California San Francisco Sleep Disorders Center with suspected OSA (n = 183). DESIGN All patients underwent overnight polysomnography after completing a written survey which assessed work disability due to sleep problems, occupational characteristics and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) defined as an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score > 10. RESULTS Among 150 currently employed patients, 83 had OSA on polysomnography (apnea-hypopnea index > or = 5). Compared with patients in whom both OSA and EDS were absent, patients with the combination of OSA and EDS were at higher risk of both recent work disability (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 13.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9-48) and longer-term work duty modification (OR, 3.6; CI, 1.1-12). When either OSA or EDS were absent, the strength of the association with work disability was less than when both OSA and EDS were present. When OSA was examined without respect to EDS, patients with OSA were at increased risk of recent work disability relative to patients without OSA (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.2-5.8), but the association of OSA with longer-term work duty modification did not meet standard criteria for statistical significance (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.8-5.0). CONCLUSIONS The combination of OSA and EDS contributes to work disability, and OSA by itself contributes to recent work disability. These findings should highlight to employers and clinicians the importance of OSA in the workplace to encourage patients to be screened for OSA, particularly in situations of decreased productivity associated with EDS.
Bacterial dehalogenases: biochemistry, genetics, and biotechnological applications

This review is a survey of bacterial dehalogenases that catalyze the cleavage of halogen substituents from haloaromatics, haloalkanes, haloalcohols, and haloalkanoic acids. Concerning the enzymatic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond, seven mechanisms of dehalogenation are known, namely, reductive, oxygenolytic, hydrolytic, and thiolytic dehalogenation; intramolecular nucleophilic displacement; dehydrohalogenation; and hydration. Spontaneous dehalogenation reactions may occur as a result of chemical decomposition of unstable primary products of an unassociated enzyme reaction, and fortuitous dehalogenation can result from the action of broad-specificity enzymes converting halogenated analogs of their natural substrate. Reductive dehalogenation either is catalyzed by a specific dehalogenase or may be mediated by free or enzyme-bound transition metal cofactors (porphyrins, corrins). Desulfomonile tiedjei DCB-1 couples energy conservation to a reductive dechlorination reaction. The biochemistry and genetics of oxygenolytic and hydrolytic haloaromatic dehalogenases are discussed. Concerning the haloalkanes, oxygenases, glutathione S-transferases, halidohydrolases, and dehydrohalogenases are involved in the dehalogenation of different haloalkane compounds. The epoxide-forming halohydrin hydrogen halide lyases form a distinct class of dehalogenases. The dehalogenation of alpha-halosubstituted alkanoic acids is catalyzed by halidohydrolases, which, according to their substrate and inhibitor specificity and mode of product formation, are placed into distinct mechanistic groups. beta-Halosubstituted alkanoic acids are dehalogenated by halidohydrolases acting on the coenzyme A ester of the beta-haloalkanoic acid. Microbial systems offer a versatile potential for biotechnological applications. Because of their enantiomer selectivity, some dehalogenases are used as industrial biocatalysts for the synthesis of chiral compounds. The application of dehalogenases or bacterial strains in environmental protection technologies is discussed in detail.