Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scaling limits of discrete snakes with stable branching

We consider so-called discrete snakes obtained from size-conditioned critical Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson trees by assigning to each node a random spatial position in such a way that the increments along each edge are i.i. d. When the offspring distribution belongs to the domain of attraction of a stable law with index $\alpha \in (1,2]$, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on the tail distribution of the spatial increments for this spatial tree to converge, in a functional sense, towards the Brownian snake driven by the $\alpha$-stable L\'evy tree. We also study the case of heavier tails, and apply our result to study the number of inversions of a uniformly random permutation indexed by the tree.
Roles of Socio-Economic Incentives towards Sustainable Environmental Conservation of Kondoa Rehabilitated Rural Areas, Dodoma, Tanzania

This paper was an attempt to reveal the less known roles of socio-economic incentives towards influencing environmental conservation of rehabilitated rural areas of Kondoa. The cross-sectional research design was employed. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 30 respondents from each of the four study villages and make a total of 120 respondent households. The study was conducted in Mafai, Ntomoko, Kalamba- Juu and Kalamba-Chini villages. Data were collected using pre-tested and pilot-tested questionnaires, focus group discussions and interviews. Ms-Excel and SPSS 20.0 computer software were used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics were employed to reveal various parameters in the study. Binary logistic regression analysis was further employed to reveal statistically significant socio-economic incentives towards sustainable environmental conservation in KRA. The study findings revealed the available five socio-economic incentives namely tree seedlings, fertilizer, improved seeds, beekeeping inputs and education programs. The binary logistic regression analysis further revealed tree seedlings (P<0.01), and education programs (P<0.05) as statistically significant socio-economic incentives in influencing the awareness of environmental conservation in KRA. The study findings further revealed roles of socioeconomic incentives in influencing the awareness of environmental conservation such as afforestation, reduce drought, supportive source of energy, improve yield, increase income, improve food security, control human activities and increase awareness on sustainable environmental conservation in KRA. The study concludes that socioeconomic incentives can significantly contribute to the restoration of forest loss and fragmentation hence leading to sustainable conservation of the biodiversity. The study recommends for the conservationists, environmentalists and policy makers to make use of the available five socio-economic incentives namely tree seedlings, fertilizer, improved seeds, beekeeping inputs and education programs in the course of implementing effective environmental conservation measures. However the study sought a high need of highly integrating tree seedlings and education programs in all sustainably practiced environmental conservation initiatives.
Replacement of primary monazite by apatite-allanite-epidote coronas in an amphibolite facies granite gneiss from the eastern Alps

Abstract Accessory monazite crystals in granites are commonly unstable during amphibolite facies regional metamorphism and typically become mantled by newly formed apatite-allanite- epidote coronas. This distinct textural feature of altered monazite and its growth mechanism were studied in detail using backscattered electron imaging in a sample of metagranite from the Tauern Window in the eastern Alps. It appears that the outer rims of the former monazites were replaced directly by an apatite ring with tiny thorite intergrowths in connection with Ca supply through metamorphic fluid. Around the apatite zone, a proximal allanite ring and a distal epidote ring developed. This concentric corona structure, with the monazite core regularly preserved in the center, shows that the reaction kinetics were diffusion controlled and relatively slow. Quantitative electron microprobe analyses suggest that the elements released from monazite breakdown (P, REE, Y, Th, U), were diluted and redistributed in the newly formed apatite, allanite, and epidote overgrowth rings and were unable to leave the corona. This supports the common hypothesis that these trace elements are highly immobile during metamorphism. Furthermore, microprobe data suggest that the preserved monazite cores lost little, possibly none of their radiogenic lead during metamorphism. Thus, metastable monazite grains from orthogneisses appear to be very useful for constraining U-Th-Pb protolith ages. On the basis of these findings and a review of literature data, it seems that monazite stability in amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks depends strongly on lithologic composition. While breaking down in granitoids, monazite may grow during prograde metamorphism in other rocks such as metapelites.
Investigating the impact of regional transport on PM 2.5 formation using vertical observation during APEC 2014 Summit in Beijing

Abstract. During the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Economic Leaders' 2014 Summit in Beijing, strict regional air emission controls were implemented, providing a unique opportunity to investigate the transport and formation mechanism of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This study explores the use of vertical observation methods to investigate the influence of regional transport on PM2.5 pollution in Beijing before and during the APEC Summit. Vertical profiles of extinction coefficient, wind, temperature and relative humidity were monitored at a rural site on the border of Beijing and Hebei Province. Three PM2.5 pollution episodes were analyzed. In episode 1 (27 October to 1 November), regional transport accompanied by the accumulation of pollutants under unfavorable meteorological conditions led to the pollution. In episode 2 (2–5 November), pollutants left from episode 1 were retained in the boundary layer of the region for 2 days and then settled down to the surface, leading to an explosive increase of PM2.5. The regional transport of aged aerosols played a crucial role in the heavy PM2.5 pollution. In episode 3 (6–11 November), emissions from large point sources had been controlled for several days while primary emissions from diesel vehicles might have led to the pollution. It is found that ground-level observation of meteorological conditions and air quality could not fully explain the pollution process, while vertical parameters (aerosol optical properties, winds, relative humidity and temperature) improved the understanding of regional transport influence on heavy pollution processes. Future studies may consider including vertical observations to aid investigation of pollutant transport, especially during episodic events of rapidly increasing concentrations.
A statistical comparison of the optical/UV and X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts using the Swift Ultraviolet Optical and X-ray Telescopes

We present the systematic analysis of the Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) and X-ray Telescope (XRT) light curves for a sample of 26 Swift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). By comparing the optical/UV and X-ray light curves, we found that they are remarkably different during the first 500 s after the Burst Alert Telescope trigger, while they become more similar during the middle phase of the afterglow, i.e. between 2000 and 20 000 s. If we take literally the average properties of the sample, we find that the mean temporal indices observed in the optical/UV and X-rays after 500 s are consistent with a forward-shock scenario, under the assumptions that electrons are in the slow cooling regime, the external medium is of constant density and the synchrotron cooling frequency is situated between the optical/UV and X-ray observing bands. While this scenario describes well the averaged observed properties, some individual GRB afterglows require different or additional assumptions, such as the presence of late energy injection. We show that a chromatic break (a break in the X-ray light curve that is not seen in the optical) is present in the afterglows of three GRBs and demonstrate evidence for chromatic breaks in a further four GRBs. The average properties of these breaks cannot be explained in terms of the passage of the synchrotron cooling frequency through the observed bands, nor a simple change in the external density. It is difficult to reconcile chromatic breaks in terms of a single component outflow and instead, more complex jet structure or additional emission components are required.
Incidence of reproductive and production diseases of cross-bred dairy cattle in Bangladesh

Reproductive and production disorders (PD) of cross-bred dairy cattle significantly reduce their productivity which is of great concern of dairy producers worldwide because most reproductive disorders adversely affect the future fertility. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of some reproductive diseases (RD) like abortion, anoestrus, metritis, repeat breeder, retained placenta and one production disease like clinical mastitis in cross-bred dairy cattle in Shahjadpur upazila of Sirajgonj district in Bangladesh. Two hundred fifty (250) farms having at least two cross-bred dairy cattle were randomly selected for this study using an active surveillance system. The study was conducted over a period of twelve months from March 2012 to February 2013. Epidemiological data and samples from diseased cattle were collected and analyzed. The recorded reproductive disorders were diagnosed and treated by the veterinarians on the basis of history, physical examination, clinical and laboratory findings. The incidence rate, cumulative incidence and seasonal incidence of reproductive (RD) and production (PD) disorders were measured. The overall incidence rate and cumulative incidence of RDs and PDs were 33/tcm (10000 cattle-months at risk) and 3.9% respectively. The incidence rate and cumulative incidence of repeat breeder were highest as 11/tcm and 1.29% respectively followed by anoestrus (7/tcm and 0.81%), metritis (3/tcm and 0.34%), retained placenta (2/tcm and 0.27%) and abortion (2/tcm and 0.20%). The incidence rate and cumulative incidence of clinical mastitis were 8/tcm and 1.0% respectively. A decreasing trend of cumulative incidence of mastitis, metritis and abortion was noted from summer, rainy to winter seasons. The cumulative incidence of anoestrus was highest in rainy (0.34%) then summer (0.27%) and lowest in winter (0.21%). The proportionate incidence was highest for repeat breeder (32.76%) followed by mastitis (25.86%) and anoestrus (20.69%). The incidence of the diseases we reported were low in comparison to the published prevalence of these diseases. When the incidence of a disease is low but animals affected have the condition for a long period of time, the prevalence will be high relative to the incidence. Repeat breeder, anoestrus and mastitis should get top priority in reproductive disease research to gain more knowledge and in extension to control them in Bangladesh context. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1. 17730 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 31-36
WALL SHEAR RATES IN TAYLOR VORTEX FLOW

Wall shear rate and its axial and azimuthal components were evaluated in stable Taylor vortices. The measurements were carried out in a broad interval of Taylor numbers (52-725) and several gap width (R1/R2 = 0.5 – 0.8) by two three-segment electrodiffusion probes and three single probes flush mounted in the wall of the outer fixed cylinder. The axial distribution of wall shear rate components was obtained by sweeping the vortices along the probes using a slow axial flow. The experimental results were verified by CFD simulations. The knowledge of local wall shear rates and its fluctuations is of primordial interest for industrial applications like tangential filtration, membrane reactors and bioreactors containing shear sensitive cells.
Leisure time in midlife: what are the odds?

This paper reports results from a nationally representative survey of 40–54–year–old New Zealanders investigating correlates of perceived available leisure time. The focus on women and men in midlife, the countries largest birth cohort, was based on concerns for the impact on leisure of a ‘demographic squeeze’ of those in this age group from pressures experienced through changed family structures and political economic policies. Multivariate odds ratio analyses were run on three models to study the relationships between explanatory variables and self-reported amounts of leisure time. Results showed that respondents predominantly reported having moderate amounts of time identified as leisure and were satisfied with that amount. Recognized correlates of leisure availability, such as education levels and ethnicity, were confirmed but others, such as gender, health status and family structures, were not. Overall there was little to statistically predict who in midlife might experience pressures impacting on leisure.
Bridging a Gap Between Related Fields of Research: Pistil-Pollen Relationships and the Distinction Between Incompatibility and Incongruity in Nonfunctioning Host-Parasite Relationships

Intimate relationships between partners exist in several forms. In that the relationship becomes increasingly specialized. higher plants such a relationship occurs between pistil and pollen. At least two types of mechanisms can impede the normal Research on this relationship is extensive, and interpretations of functioning of an intimate partner relationship. First, one partner the mechanisms for nonfunctioning of the relationship have been may lack genetic information about some relevant character of the discussed for many years (see the references cited in reference 14). other. This phenomenon of incomplete matching of genetic systems A comparable situation occurs in the similar relationship is called incongruity (12,13). Secondly, incompatibility may between host and parasite. Here too, the discussion on interpreting prevent or disturb the functioning of the relationship even though
Technological Progress and Economic Geography

New economic geography focuses on the impact of falling transport costs on the spatial distribution of activities. However, it disregards the role of technological innovations, which are central to modern economic growth, as well as the role of migration costs, which are a strong impediment to moving. We show that this neglect is unwarranted. Regardless of the level of transport costs, rising labor productivity fosters the agglomeration of activities, whereas falling transport costs do not affect the location of activities. When labor is heterogeneous, the number of workers residing in the more productive region increases by decreasing order of productive efficiency when labor productivity rises.
Productivity of object oriented software development

As software development cycles become shorter, and software markets become more competitive, the software industry is, yet again, faced with a productivity crisis. There are many who believe that object-oriented software development is the solution to this problem. Therefore, it is quite surprising to see how sparse the quantitative evidence is on the subject of productivity of object-oriented software development.
POSTNATAL ONTOGENY OF MARMOT (RODENTIA, SCIURIDAE) CRANIA: ALLOMETRIC TRAJECTORIES AND SPECIES DIVERGENCE

Abstract Marmots are the largest extant representatives of the squirrel family (Sciuridae). Members of this clade are believed to have conservative skeletal characters and are inclined to convergence in species with similar size and ecology. However, this does not seem to hold for the mandible and cranium of marmots; instead, similarities reflect subgeneric classification or geographic distribution. To understand the pattern of morphological evolution in the genus Marmota, the ontogeny of the cranium is investigated in 7 of the 14 living marmot species. In particular, the role of allometry in producing intra- and interspecific differences is analyzed. Sexual dimorphism in allometric trajectories is found to be negligible, whereas shape traits that characterize a specific age are mostly allometric. Allometry accounts for an important proportion, although not for the majority, of shape variation during postnatal ontogeny of the cranium. Interspecific differences in allometric trajectories are generally small and the majority of shape differences in relation to phylogeny appear early in ontogeny. Thus, allometry might have had a limited role in producing the morphological variation of living marmot species or it might even have constrained the range of evolutionary changes in this clade. A very different role of allometry as a source of morphological novelties can be speculated to exist in earlier stages of marmot evolutionary history, when a highly distinctive cranial shape evolved concomitant with a 2-fold increase in size. Three sets of analyses are performed to investigate the ontogeny of cranial form in Marmota. Three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of anatomical landmarks are used to describe the whole marmot cranium in the first 3D geometric morphometric analysis of a sciurid taxon. Also, anatomical landmarks that describe the dorsal and lateral sides of the cranium are used for 2-dimensional (2D) analyses complementary to previous studies on the ventral cranium. Despite the complexity of the cranium, which makes it a poor candidate for 2D studies, results of 2D and 3D analyses are generally in good agreement.
INDIVIDUAL DISPOSITIONS AND THE ADOPTION OF SURFACE LEARNING IN DESIGN

In this study, we investigated the inter-relationship between students' mind-sets, tolerance for ambiguity and self-efficacy to the learning approaches that design students adopt. Data was collected using a questionnaire and distributed to industrial design students from two universities in Malaysia. We find significant differences between high and low surface learners. In contrast to low surface learners, high surface learners were associated to a fixed mind-set and views their design capability as unchangable, are highly tolerant of ambiguity and rates themselves highly on self-efficacy.
Livelihood Status of the Fishermen of the Turag River, Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to assess the livelihood status of fishing community in Turag River area, Bangladesh. Data were collected by using well-structured questionnaire from the selected area. The study revealed that most of the fishermen were belonging to the age groups of 35-40 years old (30%) in Birulia and 40-45 years old (56%) in Boroibari, majority featured by Hindus. Most of the fishermen were illiterate both in Birulia and Boroibari. All of the fishermen in Birulia received loan from various microcredit NGO namely ASA, GRAMEEN, ADESH and in Boroibari all of the respondent fishermen were the beneficiaries of various management program like IPAC. About 63% fishermen in Birulia and 35% fishermen in Boroibari had a moderate annual income (30000-60000 tk). About 33% fishermen in Birulia and 65% fishermen in Boroibari had a high annual income (above 60000 tk). The government does not provide any kind of supports for the betterment of the fishing community in both study areas.
Goodwill Disclosure in Europe. Profiles of Disclosing Companies

The paper investigates the determinants of goodwill disclosure on a sample of European companies. In particular, the factors associated to particular extents of disclosure are examined. The results provide evidence that, determinants coherent with proprietary cost theory significantly affect the extent of goodwill disclosure. Conversely the hypotheses formulated according to the signaling theory are not supported. The methodology adopted provides meaning to relations between variables that might be robust only or particularly within a specific range of variation of the independent variables. Finally, issues of compliance due to the technical complexities of IAS 36 are documented.
Dirac Operators, Multipliers and H[superscript P] Spaces of Monogenic Functions

I have done a few things under Clifford algebra settings. Firstly, one Caccioppoli type estimate is derived for solutions of A-Dirac equations in the form DA(x,Du) = 0, where D is the Dirac operator. This kind of A-Dirac equations are generalizations of elliptic equations of A-harmonic type, i.e. divA(x,∇u) = 0. Secondly, the multiplier theory from Fourier analysis is generalized to Clifford analysis. After the multipliers of the operators D, T and Π are identified, some related properties will be very easy to achieve, including two integral representation theorems. The iterations of the operators D and ∆ are also discussed. Thirdly, We achieve one Carleson measure theorem for monogenic Hardy spaces on the unit ball in Rn+1, as well as one Clifford Riesz representation theorem.
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Evaluation of Functional Properties of Extruded Product Developed from Beetroot Leaves Powder (BRLP) along with Cereals and Pulse Powder

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) green is more nutritious as compared to the beetroot but many part of India it is not used as food it is only used as animal fodder so that we can utilize beetroot green waste which is nutritionally rich in fiber, protein, and carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals for the products development to overcome the malnutrition problem of developing countries. In this study Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of moisture content, chickpea powder and beetroot leaves powder on the functional properties of extradites developed from beetroot leaves powder (BRLP) along with cereals and pulse powder. Moisture content, chickpea powder and beetroot leaves powder had significant effect on lateral expansion, water absorption capacity (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and sensory evaluation. Result showed that with increase in moisture content and chickpea powder lateral expansion of extrudates increase up to optimum level and finally decrease. Increase in moisture content, chickpea powder and beetroot leaves powder resulted in decrease in lateral expansion of the extradites. Results revealed that optimized extruded products are rich in crude fiber content and total phenolic content (TPC).
Multimode seismoelectric phenomena generated using explosive and vibroseis sources

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How is Intellectual Capital Being Reported in a Developing Nation?

To ascertain the status of intellectual capital reporting in a developing nation, this study examined annual reports of the top 30 companies in Sri Lanka. These were analysed using content analysis, and data were recorded in a theoretically backed coding framework with 45 intellectual capital items that were categorized into internal, external and human capital. The findings indicated that the most reported was external capital by frequency and human capital by line count. Only a small proportion of intellectual capital items reported were quantified.