Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social support , mastery , stress and physical health 1 Title : Social support and mastery influence the association between stress and poor physical health in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities

To date, much of the research linking the stress of caring for children with developmental disabilities (e.g. Autism & Down syndrome) with parental health outcomes have tended to concentrate on mental health with less attention paid to the physical health consequences. Thus, this study sought to explore the psychosocial predictors of poor physical health in these caring parents. One hundred and sixty-four parents (108 caregivers and 58 control parents) completed measures of stress, child problem behaviours, social support, mastery and physical health. Parents of children with developmental disabilities had poorer physical health compared to control parents. Stress and mastery, but not social support and problem behaviours, were significant predictors of poor physical health within caring parents for children with developmental disabilities. However, the association between mastery and physical health was mediated by perceived stress such that those parents who were higher on mastery reported less stress and better physical health; furthermore, the association between stress and physical health was moderated also by social support; those parents high on social support and low in stress had better physical health. These results indicate that the paths between psychosocial factors and poor physical health in the caring parents are working synergistically rather than in isolation. They also underscore the importance of providing multi-component interventions that offer a variety of psychosocial resources to meet the precise needs of the parents.
[Lipoprotein (a) plasma levels in normal subjects and patients with coronary disease confirmed by coronary cineangiography].

PURPOSE To evaluate the plasma concentration of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a) in subjects with normal or altered coronary angiography, as a risk factor of atherosclerosis in a Brazilian population. PATIENTS AND METHOD Lp(a) plasma levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in 31 subjects with normal angiography and in 131 subjects with atherosclerosis. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A, A1 and B were also determined as well as risk factors like systemic arterial hypertension, smoking habit, diabetes and physical activity. RESULTS Subjects with coronary disease had Lp(a) plasma levels of 41.9 mg/dl, compared to 23.9 mg/dl found in the normal group. Coronary artery disease risk was increased 2.3 times in those with plasma Lp(a) levels equal or above 25 mg/dl, compared to those with levels below this boundary. As to other known risk factors, only smoking habit has shown correlation with coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION We confirmed the value of Lp(a) as a risk factor of coronary heart disease.
Putative gravisensors among microtubule associated proteins

Despite of long period of investigation (over 100 years), still a lot of questions remain unclear about molecular mechanisms of plant graviperception. This requires designing new experiments and new approaches to be applied in gravitational biology. Investigation of plant cell reactions under clinorotation (plant disorientation in respect to gravity vector) is of significant importance to such type of research. Clinorotation is known to cause changes of cell polarity and exert mechanical stress in plant cells. Microtubular cytoskeleton is highly dynamic structure and it responds to both of these stresses. Due to turgor pressure and cell elongation, endogenous mechanical forces influence microtubule orientation in order to coordinate cell growth. Rearrangements of microtubules are regulated by numerous associated proteins which functional activity is not fully clear. In this review, we discuss how MT associated proteins regulate cortical MT arrays under mechanical stress and consider how these proteins may act as plant cell gravisensors. Investigation of microtubule associated proteins under clinorotation might shed the light on molecular mechanism of plant cytoskeleton arrangement and its involvement in initial reactions of cell graviperception.
Effect of graded increases in smoke inhalation injury on the early systemic response to a body burn.

OBJECTIVE To study the early (first 24 hrs) effect of increasing lung exposure to smoke on the hemodynamic response to a modest body burn. DESIGN A prospective randomized study. SETTING Laboratory at a university medical center. SUBJECTS Thirty-two adult yearling female sheep. INTERVENTIONS Adult sheep (n = 32) were given an 18% of body surface burn; 24 sheep were then exposed to cotton toweling smoke using 12 breaths of a tidal volume of 5, 10, or 20 mL/kg. Animals were awakened, resuscitated to baseline oxygen delivery, and then killed at 24 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Vascular pressure, cardiac output, and oxygen consumption and delivery were measured, as well as blood gases, lung and soft tissue lymph flow, and fluid balance. We found that a 5-mL/kg tidal volume smoke exposure x 12 breaths did not produce significant airway inflammation or alter the cardiopulmonary response to a burn alone. Oxygen consumption (VO2) remained at baseline and the net 24-hr positive fluid balance of 1.5 L was comparable to a burn alone. Increasing the smoke exposure to 10 mL/kg tidal volume, which produced a moderate airway injury, resulted in a significant increase in early fluid requirements, a 40% early increase in VO2, a doubling of positive fluid balance, as well as a marked increase in burn edema. However, gas exchange was not impaired. The 20-mL/kg tidal volume exposure resulted in an early 100% increase in VO2, a three-fold increase in fluid requirements at 1 to 4 hrs, compared with burn alone, in addition to a severe airway inflammation with mucosal slough and resulting impaired gas exchange. CONCLUSIONS The addition of a smoke exposure which produces airway inflammation and injury significantly increases early post burn systemic metabolic demands and fluid requirements, as well as the degree of burn edema and positive fluid balance compared with a burn alone. The magnitude of the accentuated response appears to correspond with the degree of airway inflammation and not with alveolar dysfunction.
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 on Antigen-presenting Cells Facilitates the Induction of Antigen-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: Application to Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) binds to programmed death-1 (PD-1) on activated T cells and contributes to T-cell exhaustion. PD-L1 expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) could be thought to inhibit the induction of Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by transducing negative signal into T cells; however, the roles of PD-L1 on APCs have not yet been well examined. Therefore, we evaluated the roles of PD-L1 on APCs in the induction of Ag-specific CTLs. CD3+ T cells isolated from cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive healthy donors were stimulated with mature dendritic cells pulsed with CMV pp65-derived HLA-restricted peptides in the presence of anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody. Unexpectedly, PD-L1 blockade resulted in a less efficient induction of CMV-specific CTLs, suggesting that PD-L1 play a positive role in the induction of Ag-specific CTLs. For further evaluations and application to adoptive immunotherapy, we generated K562-based artificial APCs, which were retrovirally transduced with HLA class I molecules and various combinations of CD80/86 and PD-L1. K562/HLA+CD80/86+PD-L1 cells produced significantly higher induction of CMV-specific CTLs than K562/HLA or K562/HLA+CD80/86 cells without causing excessive differentiation or functional exhaustion of the induced CTLs, whereas PD-L1 itself did not have a stimulatory effect. Furthermore, only K562/HLA+CD80/86+PD-L1 cells pulsed with HLA-A*24:02-restricted Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) peptide clearly expanded WT1-specific CTLs from healthy donors. Our findings presumed that PD-L1 expressed on APCs along with CD80/86 enhanced the induction of Ag-specific CTLs probably depending on fine-tuning excessive stimulation of CD80/86, and that K562/HLA+CD80/86+PD-L1 cells has therapeutic potential as a novel type of artificial APCs for adoptive immunotherapy.
Post‐operative progress of dystonia patients following globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation

In the current era of functional surgery for movement disorders, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is emerging as the favoured intervention for patients with dystonia. Here we report our results in 20 patients with medically intractable dystonia treated with GPi stimulation. The series comprised 14 patients with generalized dystonia and six with spasmodic torticollis. Although comparisons were limited by differences in their respective neurological rating scales, chronic DBS clearly benefited both patient groups. Data conveying the rate of change in neurological function following intervention are also presented, demonstrating the gradual but progressive and sustained nature of improvement following stimulation of the GPi in dystonic patients.
The Ecology of Standards Processes: Insights from Internet Standard Making

In order to create Internet standards, people and ideas move across many institutions. By drawing upon the new institutionalism and on organizational ecology, we develop an ecological approach to studying this movement. The approach examines the birth and death of standards bodies and the ideas they cultivate. We apply the approach to the history of Web services choreography standards, in which over 500 participants traversed nine institutions during a 12-year period. We explain critical aspects of this history by analyzing patterns of movement of standardization ideas. We show that standard-making institutions refuse to legitimate standards by utilizing bylaws which reflect the values of the institution; these values reflect the design legacy of the Internet. We formulate conjectures about the dynamics of the birth and death of working groups inside larger institutions that form a population ecology. We discuss plausible explanations for why specific Internet standard-making efforts do not resolve quickly. The theoretical implication of the study is that an ecological approach will apply well to inventions that have been incubated, such as the Internet. The pragmatic implication is that changes to institutional Internet governance, particularly to the bylaws of standards bodies, can have drastic and unintended effects that will reshape the standard-making ecology.
Chemotherapeutic efficacy of a newly synthesized benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, against Mycobacterium avium complex infection induced in mice

Newly synthesized benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, was studied for its in vivo anti-Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) activities. When the MICs were determined by the agar dilution method with Middlebrook 7H11 agar medium, KRM-1648 exhibited similarly potent in vitro antimicrobial activities against the MAC isolated from AIDS and non-AIDS patients, indicating possible usefulness of KRM-1648 against AIDS-associated MAC infections. KRM-1648 exhibited potent therapeutic activity against experimental murine infections induced by M. intracellulare N-260 (virulent strain) and N-478, which has much weaker virulence. Similarly, KRM-1648 exhibited an excellent therapeutic efficacy against M. intracellulare infection induced in NK-cell-deficient beige mice (as a plausible model for AIDS-associated MAC infection), in which a much more progressed state of gross lesions and bacterial loads at the sites of infection were observed. When the infected beige mice were killed at weeks 4 and 8, obvious therapeutic efficacy was seen on the basis of reduction in the incidence and degree of lung lesions and bacterial loads in the lungs and spleen with infections due to M. intracellulare N-241, N-256, and N-260. In this case, the efficacy was the highest in N-260 infection, followed by strain N-241. When mice were observed until infection-induced death, survival time of the infected beige mice was found to be prolonged by KRM treatment. However, KRM-1648 was not efficacious in suppressing the progression of pulmonary lesions and the increase in bacterial loads at the sites of infection, including lungs and spleen, at the late phase of infection. This may imply some difficulty with chemotherapy for AIDS-associated MAC infection, even with KRM-1648 treatment, which has excellent in vitro and in vivo anti-MAC activities, as shown in present study.
Does the Merci Retriever work? Against.

In a decade after approval of IV rt-PA for acute stroke, treatment leads to good outcomes in less than half of patients, and hemorrhage rates have not been reduced. Recanalization improves outcome1 but is often delayed and incomplete. Devices offer the promise of rapid recanalization with a greater proportion of good outcomes and fewer hemorrhages. The Merci retrieval system was introduced with hopes of fulfilling this promise. The FDA recently approved this device for removal of thrombus from intracranial arteries in patients with stroke. Despite this approval, the question of whether the device works remains unsettled. The recently published Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI) trial2 using the Merci retriever claims efficacy based on a recanalization rate that is greater than the spontaneous recanalization rate observed in the Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism (PROACT) II trial control group.3 Recanalization …
Trade liberalization , Growth and Inequality in Bangladesh : An Empirical Analysis *

This paper examines time series evidence to establish a link between trade, economic growth and income inequality in Bangladesh. The empirical results from a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model suggest that there is some evidence of trade liberalization accelerating growth in Bangladesh. Trade openness promotes investment. We find little evidence of trade affecting income distribution or of income distribution affecting growth or investment. Given poor quality of the data on inequality measures, there is scope for further investigation. Sensitivity analysis with change in the sample time period suggests that during the post independence period investment has significant positive impact on trade liberalization.
Narrowband characterization of the 60 GHz indoor radio channel in the presence of human bodies

This paper presents statistics of path loss for 60 GHz millimeter wave propagation channel simulations that are performed in the presence of humans in different indoor environments. A deterministic propagation model is used as an experimental tool to investigate the narrowband characteristics of the channel. The indoor radio propagation channel is modeled by using ray tracing and humans are modeled as perfectly conducting cylinders. The human bodies are considered as randomly distributed cylinders in a room. By varying both the number of persons and room size their effect on the received signal strength i.e. its fading distribution has been studied statistically. For a fixed room size as the number of persons increase, the variance of path loss increases due to more variations in the received signal. The variance decreases as the room size increases for a fixed number of persons. It was found that change in the dimensions of the rooms for a given area caused the statistics of path loss to change.
Lyon's Medical Jurisprudence for India

Jurisprudence in India, but were only then able to give a view of the general contents of the volume. A further perusal and study of this, the third, edition enables us to bear strong testimony to the very large number of improvements effected b}T Lieutenant-Colonel Wad dell, the present Editor. Lyon's Medical Jurisprudence has for over fifteen years been the standby of the Civil Surgeon in the mofussil, and we have no hesitation in saying that the present edition is superior in every way to the former ones. This superiority is shown not only in the better arrangement of the text and the illustrative cases, but in the wealth of the quotations from judicial records, reports and standard works on this subject. We decidedly prefer the present arrangements, whereby we have the
Manoeuvres affecting sympathetic outflow in human skin nerves.

Sympathetic activity was recorded from human skin nerves during the execution of a variety of different manoeuvres. The neural activity (composed of vasoconstrictor and sudomotor impulses) was regularly affected by emotional, thermal and respiratory stimuli. Mental stress, body cooling and increased respiratory movements all increased the sympathetic outflow, whereas the activity decreased during moderate body warming and when the. subject was calm and relaxed. Manoeuvres known to cause changes in baroreceptor activity usually did not affect the sympathetic outflow to the skin. When comparing neural and effector organ responses during the different manoeuvres the changes in sympathetic activity correlated well with changes in skin vascular resistance (either measured simultaneously or as reported in the literature). A comparison of the sympathetic responses recorded from human skin- and muscle nerves was also made. It was concluded that most manoeuvres had different effects in the two nerve types, thereby confirming earlier indirect evidence for selective regional control of the sympathetic outflow.
Studies in Kaposi's sarcoma. Postmortem findings and disease patterns in women

Six hundred twenty‐four cases of Kaposi's sarcoma occurring in Ugandan Africans have been reviewed. Thirty‐four patients came to necropsy, and almost all were found to have visceral lesions. Patients with nodular cutaneous disease usually had a long history of disease and often had small numbers of visceral nodules which only very seldom produced symptoms. Locally aggressive tumors occurred more commonly in Ugandans than in whites; in spite of locally destructive growth, they seldom metastasized widely and were often present for many years. Young people with generalized involvement were seen rarely and most of these patients had had malaria. The pattern of disease was of two types: in African children, tumor was found predominantly in nodes, whereas in young adults involvement of skin nodes and viscera was seen. The prognosis in such cases was poor. Africans seem to be less likely to develop a second neoplasm than whites. Females suffer from Kaposi's sarcoma less frequently than males but are relatively more likely to develop rapidly fatal generalized forms of the disease.
Omega‐3 LCPUFA supplement: a nutritional strategy to prevent maternal and neonatal oxidative stress

Abstract There is controversy about fish‐oil supplementation and oxidative damage. This ambiguity should be explored to elucidate its role as modulator of oxidative stress, especially during gestation and postnatal life. This is the objective of this study. One hundred ten pregnant women were divided in two groups: control group CT (400 mL/day of the control dairy drink); supplemented group FO (400 mL/day of the fish oil‐enriched dairy drink (±400‐mg EPA‐DHA/day)). Different biomarkers of oxidative damage were determined in the mother's at enrolment, at delivery and at 2.5 and 4 months postpartum and newborns at delivery and at 2.5 months postpartum. Omega‐3 LC‐PUFA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation decreased plasma hydroperoxides especially in newborn at delivery (P = 0.001) and 2.5 months (P = 0.006), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in mothers at delivery (P = 0.024 (SOD)) and after 2.5 months (P = 0.040 (CAT)) and in newborns at 2.5 months (P = 0.035 (SOD); P = 0.021 (CAT)). Also, supplementation increased &agr;‐tocoferol in mothers at 2.5 months (P = 0.030) and in umbilical cord artery (P = 0.039). Higher levels of CoQ10 were found in mothers at delivery (P = 0.039) as well as in umbilical cord vein (P = 0.024) and artery (P = 0.036). Our supplementation prevents the oxidative stress in the mother and neonate during the first months of postnatal life, being a potential preventive nutritional strategy to prevent functional alterations associated with oxidative stress that have an important repercussion for the neonate development in the early postnatal life.
Dissolved oxygen regulation by logarithmic/antilogarithmic control to improve a wastewater treatment process

This paper presents the automation of a real activated sludge wastewater treatment plant, which is located at San Antonio Ajijic in Jalisco, Mexico. The main objective is to create an on-line automatic supervision system, and to regulate the dissolved oxygen concentration in order to improve the performances of the process treating municipal wastewater. An approximate mathematical model is determined in order to evaluate via simulations different control strategies: proportional integral (PI), fuzzy PI and PI Logarithm/Antilogarithm (PI L/A). The controlled variable is dissolved oxygen and the control input is the injected oxygen. Based on this evaluation, the PI L/A controller is selected to be implemented in the real process. After that, the implementation, testing and fully operation of the plant automation are described. With this system, the considered wastewater treatment plant save energy and improves the effluent quality; also, the process monitoring is done online and it is easily operated by the plant users.
Use of bromovirus RNA3 hybrids to study template specificity in viral RNA amplification

Brome mosaic virus (BMV) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) are related positive-strand RNA viruses with genomes divided among RNAs 1, 2, and 3. RNAs 1 and 2 encode the viral RNA replication factors, which share extensive conservation with proteins encoded by the animal alphaviruses and diverse plant viruses. In barley protoplasts, CCMV RNAs 1 and 2 support high but distinguishable amplification of either BMV RNA3 (B3) or CCMV RNA3 (C3), while BMV RNAs 1 and 2 show even greater discrimination, amplifying C3 poorly relative to B3. To identify the cis-acting determinants of these template-specific and virus-specific differences in RNA3 accumulation, we constructed and tested a series of B3/C3 hybrids that exchange in turn the 5',3', and intercistronic noncoding regions, which contain all sequences required in cis for efficient B3 and C3 amplification. Despite suggestive prior in vitro results, the 3' noncoding regions were not the major determinant of the differences in amplification of B3 and C3 in vivo. Rather, 3' exchanges had relatively modest effects and did not transfer the distinctive asymmetry of amplification between B3 and C3. Intercistronic exchanges produced larger effects on RNA3 accumulation and transferred some of the polarized characteristics of the wild-type B3 and C3 behaviors. 5' exchanges revealed context-specific effects showing that the contribution of the B3 5' region to RNA3 amplification is dependent on some other B3 segment or segments. Together with previous results implicating the BMV and CCMV 1a genes in trans-acting discrimination between B3 and C3 (P. Traynor and P. Ahlquist, J. Virol. 64:69-77, 1990), these observations should help to guide studies of protein-RNA interactions governing template specificity in bromovirus RNA replication.