Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STEM RUST SEEDLING RESISTANCE GENES IN ETHIOPIAN WHEAT CULTIVARS AND BREEDING LINES

Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the major biotic limiting factors for wheat production in Ethiopia. Host plant resistance is the best option to manage stem rust from its economic and environmental points of view. Wheat cultivars are released for production without carrying race specific tests against stem rust. Hence, genes responsible for resistance in commercial wheat cultivars are not known. The objective of this study was to postulate stem rust resistance genes present in Ethiopian commercial wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines. Thirty durum wheat (19 commercial cultivars and 11 breeding lines) and 30 bread wheat (20 commercial cultivars and 10 breeding lines) were tested for gene postulation. Stem rust infection types produced on wheat cultivars and breeding lines by ten Pgt races was compared with infection types produced on 40 near isogenic lines carrying single stem rust resistance genes. A total of 11 stem rust resistance genes ( Sr5, Sr7a, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr9e, Sr11, Sr21, Sr27, Sr29, Sr30 and Sr37 ) were postulated to be present either singly or in combination in the durum and wheat cultivars and breeding lines. Except Sr30 , the other postulated genes were susceptible to most of the prevalent Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici races in Ethiopia. Since Sr30 is also ineffective against Ug99, a gene management strategy that incorporates a combination of genes (gene pyramiding) that provide sufficient protection should be devised to achieve a durable control of stem rust. In addition, the significance of Sr27 , Sr29 and Sr37 has to be investigated for Ethiopian agriculture.
The Dynamics of Handwriting Improves the Automated Diagnosis of Dysgraphia

Handwriting disorder (termed dysgraphia) is a far from a singular problem as nearly 8.6% of the population in France is considered dysgraphic. Moreover, research highlights the fundamental importance to detect and remediate these handwriting difficulties as soon as possible as they may affect a child's entire life, undermining performance and self-confidence in a wide variety of school activities. At the moment, the detection of handwriting difficulties is performed through a standard test called BHK. This detection, performed by therapists, is laborious because of its high cost and subjectivity. We present a digital approach to identify and characterize handwriting difficulties via a Recurrent Neural Network model (RNN). The child under investigation is asked to write on a graphics tablet all the letters of the alphabet as well as the ten digits. Once complete, the RNN delivers a diagnosis in a few milliseconds and demonstrates remarkable efficiency as it correctly identifies more than 90% of children diagnosed as dysgraphic using the BHK test. The main advantage of our tablet-based system is that it captures the dynamic features of writing -- something a human expert, such as a teacher, is unable to do. We show that incorporating the dynamic information available by the use of tablet is highly beneficial to our digital test to discriminate between typically-developing and dysgraphic children.
Automatically Adjusting Computer Screen

The world is changing and with the evolution of technology computers have become an essential part of humans' lives. Nowadays many people use computers for both work and personal life, and especially spending hours sitting at a desk in front of their computer screens. This phenomenon negatively influences people's health, affecting their skeletal and ocular systems. As a result, several different ergonomic solutions have been suggested to address these challenges. This paper proposes a solution which adjusts the computer screen position, elevation and orientation in order to reduce the physical load on the user and better fit it to their posture.
Seasonal nutrient estimates of mule deer diets in the Texas Panhandle.

Botanical composition and estimated seasonal nutrient quality of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) diets from the Canadian River and Clarendon areas of the Texas Panhandle were determined from 1979 to 1980. Deer from the Canadian River area consumed annually 62% browse, 34% forbs, 1% grasses, and 3% unknowns. Deer from the Clarendon area averaged 56% browse, 28% forbs, 11% grasses, and 5% unknowns annually. Deer consumed more grass at Clarendon because they had access to cultivated small grains, primarily winter wheat and rye. Annual deer diets from the Canadian River area contained Sztl% crude protein (CP), 0.14f. 03% phosphorus (P), and 47f2% in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). Deer diets from the Clarendon area averaged lOf3% CP, O.l! Sf.03% P, and 50f2% IVOMD annually. Higher nutrient quality of mule deer diets at Clarendon suggests cultivated small grains/legumes have excellent potential to enhance Texas Panhandle deer herds that normally subsist on a fair to poor nutritional plane.
Rupatadine: a novel second-generation antihistamine

Histamine is the primary mediator involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is also a mediator which plays a key role in the allergic reaction. Rupatadine is a novel antihistamine of the second generation approved recently in Europe for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria in patients aged ≥ 12 years. Rupatadine shows both antihistamine and anti-PAF effects because it presents hybrid molecule. One unit of this molecule has high affinity to H1 receptor, and the second one blocks the receptor for PAF. Relative potency of rupatadine is much higher than that of other second generation antihistamines. Rupatadine also has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activity. The drug blocked the release of histamine from mast cells and other proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and GM-CSF from activating human lymphocytes. It also blocked in vitro chemotaxis of human eosinophils to eotaxin, and neutrophils to PAF and LTB4. Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activity of rupatadine results from blocking NFκβ. Clinical trials have indicated that rupatadine is significantly more effective than placebo and equally effective as other antihistamines of the second generation. Rupatadine is well tolerated, and side effects are mild and moderate, the most common ones were headache and somnolence. The drug is safe, not cardiotoxic, does not impair psychomotor or cognitive activity.
Hut Lung Disease: A Radiological and Pathological Correlation

Hut lung disease is a domestically acquired pneumoconiosis described in individual’s secondary to inhalation of particles from either grinding of maize, or when cooking on fires in a small dwelling, or hut. Palmer and Daynes first described the condition in 1967 seen in women in the Transkei district of South Africa, who had significant exposure due to traditional maize grinding practices [1]. Patients may be asymptomatic, or present with varying degrees of dyspnea, and/or chronic bronchitis which may progress into advanced interstitial lung disease, massive pulmonary fibrosis or malignancy. We describe the radiological, and histological findings associated with hut lung disease.
Deformed shell effects in 
Ca48+Bk249
 quasifission fragments

Background: Quasifission is the main reaction channel hindering the formation of superheavy nuclei (SHN). Its understanding will help to optimize entrance channels for SHN studies. Quasifission also provides a probe to understand the influence of shell effects in the formation of the fragments. Purpose: Investigate the role of shell effects in quasifission and their interplay with the orientation of the deformed target in the entrance channel. Methods: $^{48}$Ca$+^{249}$Bk collisions are studied with the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach for a range of angular momenta and orientations. Results: Unlike similar reactions with a $^{238}$U target, no significant shell effects which could be attributed to $^{208}$Pb "doubly-magic" nucleus are found. However, the octupole deformed shell gap at $N=56$ seems to strongly influence quasifission in the most central collisions. Conclusions: Shell effects similar to those observed in fission affect the formation of quasifission fragments. Mass-angle correlations could be used to experimentally isolate the fragments influenced by $N=56$ octupole shell gaps.
Three topological reducibilities for discontinuous functions

We define a family of three related reducibilities, $\leq_T$, $\leq_{tt}$ and $\leq_m$, for arbitrary functions $f,g:X\rightarrow\mathbb R$, where $X$ is a compact separable metric space. The $\equiv_T$-equivalence classes mostly coincide with the proper Baire classes. We show that certain $\alpha$-jump functions $j_\alpha:2^\omega\rightarrow \mathbb R$ are $\leq_m$-minimal in their Baire class. Within the Baire 1 functions, we completely characterize the degree structure associated to $\leq_{tt}$ and $\leq_m$, finding an exact match to the $\alpha$ hierarchy introduced by Bourgain and analyzed by Kechris and Louveau.
Modeling of Stochastic Volatility to Validate IDR Anchor Currency

This study aims to assess the performance of stochastic volatility models for their estimation of foreign exchange rate returns' volatility using daily data from Bank Indonesia (BI). The model is then applied to validate the anchor currency of Indonesian rupiah (IDR). Two stylized facts are incorporated into the models: A correlation between the previous returns and their conditional variance, and return errors following four different error distributions namely Normal, Student-t, non-central Student-t, and generalized hyperbolic skew Student-t. The analysis is based on the application of daily returns data from nine foreign currency selling rates to IDR from 2010 to 2015, including the AUD, CHF, CNY, EUR, GBP, JPY, MYR, SGD, and USD. The main results are: (1) Mixed evidence of positive and negative relationships between the return and its variance were found, especially significant correlations being found for the IDR/AUD, IDR/CHF, IDR/JPY, IDR/SGD, and IDR/USD returns series; (2) the model with the generalized hyperbolic skew Student's t-distribution specification for the returns error provides the best performance; and (3) anchoring the IDR to established hard currencies is more appropriate than anchoring it to other currencies.
Reproducción sexual del coral Pocillopora damicornis al sur del Golfo de California, México Sexual reproduction of the coral Pocillopora damicornis in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico

Pocillopora damicornis, one of the dominant coral species in reef systems of the eastern Pacific, presents geographic variation in its reproductive mode. There is no information, however, on the reproduction of this species in the Mexican Pacific, and such knowledge is relevant since the populations are in active recovery after bleaching and mortality caused by the 1997–98 El Nino event. In this study we determined the reproductive pattern of P. damicornis from histological analyses of ramets collected at Punta Gaviotas (24.5oN), southwestern Gulf of California, Mexico. Our results indicate that P. damicornis is a hermaphroditic species with simultaneous development of female and male gametes. Four developmental stages were denoted for each type of sexual cell, corresponding to those defined in studies conducted elsewhere in the eastern Pacific. Gametes were observed from June to November (summer/fall) 2001 and from May to July 2002. No planulae were found, although mature oocytes and spermatozoa (stage IV) were detected during a five-month period (July to November) in 2001, and in June and July 2002. This finding indicates the occurrence of reproductively active populations of P. damicornis in the Gulf of California that broadcast gametes. The occurrence of ova and sperm was synchronous during the warm season, and thus temperature most likely controls the reproductive periodicity of this species. Maternal inheritance of zooxanthellae was observed, as well as the presence of gametes in early and late developmental stages in different colonies but in the same month.
The Multiplicative Noise in Stochastic Gradient Descent: Data-Dependent Regularization, Continuous and Discrete Approximation

The randomness in Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is considered to play a central role in the observed strong generalization capability of deep learning. In this work, we re-interpret the stochastic gradient of vanilla SGD as a matrix-vector product of the matrix of gradients and a random noise vector (namely multiplicative noise, M-Noise). Comparing to the existing theory that explains SGD using additive noise, the M-Noise helps establish a general case of SGD, namely Multiplicative SGD (M-SGD). The advantage of M-SGD is that it decouples noise from parameters, providing clear insights at the inherent randomness in SGD. Our analysis shows that 1) the M-SGD family, including the vanilla SGD, can be viewed as an minimizer with a data-dependent regularizer resemble of Rademacher complexity, which contributes to the implicit bias of M-SGD; 2) M-SGD holds a strong convergence to a continuous stochastic differential equation under the Gaussian noise assumption, ensuring the path-wise closeness of the discrete and continuous dynamics. For applications, based on M-SGD we design a fast algorithm to inject noise of different types (e.g., Gaussian and Bernoulli) into gradient descent. Based on the algorithm, we further demonstrate that M-SGD can approximate SGD with various noise types and recover the generalization performance, which reveals the potential of M-SGD to solve practical deep learning problems, e.g., large batch training with strong generalization performance. We have validated our observations on multiple practical deep learning scenarios.
Ownership Structure and Board Effectiveness as Determinants of TMT Compensation in Spanish Listed Firms

This study analyzes the influence of ownership structure and the board of directors on top management team (TMT) pay levels in a sample of Spanish listed firms. When panel data methodology is applied, the results show that TMT pay level is affected by the supervisory effectiveness of the board. This, in turn, is influenced by ownership concentration and the type of major shareholders. When ownership is dispersed, the board is more effective in their supervision and TMT pay level is lower. However, when ownership is concentrated, the quality of supervision and, consequently, TMT pay levels depend upon the type of shareholder that is predominant.
Analyzing the Economy-wide Impact of the Supply Chains Activated by a new Biomass Power Plant. The case of cardoon in Sardinia

This study investigates the impact on the economy of the Italian region of the Sardinia generated by a new biomass power plant that will be fed with locally cultivated cardoon. The cardoon will also serve the production of biopolymers. The impact is assessed at an economy-wide level using a multiregional mixed-variable closed I-O model that allows taking into account the whole supply chain activated and the cross-regional effects generated by trade across local industries. The effects are computed under alternative scenarios simulating different degrees of substitution of existing agricultural productions with the new activity (the cardoon). Results show how the overall impact may be substantially influenced and even reversed according to the level of substitution.
Design and implementation of stress measurement system for steel structures members

Non-destructive measurement of stress can provide an effective way to explore the service life and performance degradation status of steel structures. In this paper, a measurement system is designed and developed, which includes both hardware and software systems. The hardware system consists of three modules: signal transmitting, signal conversion and signal receiving. The software system consists of four modules: signal storage, signal de-noising, calibration of stress to acoustic time difference factor, and stress calculation. To examine the performance of the system, a group of axial forces are applied on two steel members and axial stresses are measured on designed system. The strain gauge method is used for verification. The results show that the designed system is reliable and agrees with the results from strain gauge method. It has high potential to be applied in the field stress evaluation to monitor the structure, from pre-operation stage to service operation stage.
Product Market Deregulation and Employment Outcomes: Evidence from the German Retail Sector

This paper investigates the short- and medium-term effects of the deregulation of shopopening hours legislation on retail employment in Germany. In 2006, the legislative competence was shifted from the federal to the state level, leading to a gradual deregulation of shop opening restrictions in most of Germanyâ€™s sixteen federal states. The paper exploits regional variation in the legislation in order to identify the effect product market deregulation has on retail employment. We find robust evidence that the deregulation of shop closing legislation had negative effects on retail employment, with considerable heterogeneity in terms of the type of employment as well as establishment size. That is, the employment losses are most pronounced for small retail stores and are almost exclusively borne by full-time employees.
The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Innovation Capability and Knowledge Creation on Firm Performance: A Perspective on Small Scale Entrepreneurs

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive effects of entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capability and knowledge creation on firm performance. Data for the study was collected using a cross-sectional quantitative survey. A total of 188 useable responses were collected from SMEs in Malaysia. The findings show that entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capability and knowledge creation have a positive impact on firm performance. Furthermore, the impacts of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capability on knowledge creation are also examined in this study. The findings suggest that innovation capability is positively related to knowledge creation, but entrepreneurial orientation does not have a significant impact on knowledge creation. This study makes a considerable contribution to the existing literature on entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capability and knowledge creation of SMEs, particularly in regards to explaining the performance of Malaysian SMEs. Keywords: Entrepreneurial orientation; innovation capability; knowledge creation; performance; SMEs ABSTRAK Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesan orientasi keusahawanan, inovasi dan penciptaan pengetahuan kepada prestasi firma. Data kajian ini telah dikumpulkan melalui metod kuantitatif. Seramai 188 responden di kalangan PKS di Selangor, Malaysia telah terlibat di dalam kajian ini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa wujudnya hubungan positif di antara orientasi keusahawanan, inovasi dan penciptaan pengetahuan kepada prestasi firma. Disamping itu, kajian ini juga melibatkan kesan orientasi keusahawanan dan inovasi terhadap penciptaan pengetahuan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan hubungan positif wujud di antara inovasi dengan penciptaan pengetahuan. Namun begitu, orientasi keusahawanan tidak mempunyai kesan yang ketara kepada penciptaan pengetahuan. Secara umumnya, kajian ini memberikan sumbangan besar kepada kajian-kajian yang sedia di dalam bidang orientasi keusahawanan, inovasi dan penciptaan pengetahuan, khususnya dalam konteks prestasi PKS di Malaysia. Kata kunci: Orientasi keusahawanan; keupayaan inovasi; penciptaan pengetahuan, prestasi; SMEs
Variation of grazing-induced vegetation changes across a large-scale productivity gradient

Questions: Does the magnitude of grazing-induced changes in species composition vary with habitat productivity? How does the sign and magnitudeof grazing effects on species richness and beta-diversity change with increasing productivity? Do major life forms exhibit consistent responses to grazing along productivity gradients? Location: Steppes and grasslands of southern South America in Argentina and Uruguay. Methods: We evaluated grazing effects on plant composition, species richness, beta-diversity and life-form abundances along a ten-fold, regional productivity gradient and within subregions of contrasting productivity, using a common sampling protocol for 23 paired grazed vs ungrazed plots. The annual integral of the normalized difference vegetation index was used as a surrogate for aboveground net primary productivity. Results: Compositional dissimilarity between grazed and ungrazed plots, as well as grazing-induced differences in plant richness and beta-diversity all increased with habitat productivity. Grazing decreased species richness in low-productive steppes but enhanced the richness of high-productive grasslands. On average, grazing reduced beta-diversity in high-productive sites but not in low-productive sites. Dominant species were more strongly suppressed by grazing towards productive grasslands. Grazing generally decreased shrub species cover, whereas graminoid and forb cover did not consistently change with grazing through the productivity gradient. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the overall grazing effects on vegetation structure increased along a regional productivity gradient. Yet the sign of grazing impacts on species richness and beta-diversity shifted with habitat productivity, in agreement with models of herbivore-mediated co-existence and species colonization in productive systems. Further, we found that narrowing the spatial extent of analysis to the subregion generally obscured grazingnproductivity relationships. Biodiversity conservation programmes should carefully weigh the varied impacts of livestock grazing across productivity gradients.
Entrepreneurship education: a panacea for curbing graduate unemployment in Nigeria

The biggest challenges of Nigeria today are youth unemployment. Nigeria, being the giant of Africa has the largest number of youths who are yet to be properly mobilized and empowered for gainful economic activities. This can only be tackled through entrepreneurship education which involves teaching and learning of the needed skills and knowledge that equip one to become self-reliant through being an effective and successful initiator, manager, innovator and risk bearer of business undertakings. Unemployed youths should be encouraged to acquire skills that will be applied to economic activities on graduation from requisite compulsory training while those who are still in school should be made to offer entrepreneurship courses that would prepare them to embark on small and medium-scale enterprises, which have significant roles to play in the development of any economy. Therefore, this paper discusses entrepreneurship education and unemployment reduction in Nigeria, problems facing entrepreneurship education and its graduate and ways of addressing this problem so that our national and human resources will be properly employed for economic emancipation, so as to turn our youths into job creators and not job seekers.