Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eating Disorders: An Overview of Indian Research

There has been sporadic research on eating disorders in India, with no published attempt to collate and summarize the literature landscape. Hence, the present narrative review aims to summarize Indian work related to eating disorders, discern current trends, and highlight gaps in research that will provide directions for future work in the area. Electronic search using the MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO databases was done to identify relevant peer-reviewed English language articles, in October 2018, using combinations of the following medical subject headings or free text terms: “eating disorders,” “anorexia nervosa,” “bulimia,” “treatment,” “epidemiology,” “co-morbidity,” “management,” “medications,” “behavioral intervention,” and “psychosocial intervention. ” The data extracted from studies included details such as author names, year, from which of the states in India the work originated, type of intervention (for interventional studies), comparator (if any), and major outcomes. There is increasing research focused on eating disorders from India over the last decade, but it continues to be an under-researched area as evidenced by the relative paucity of original research. The cultural differences between east and west have contributed to variations in the presentation as well as challenges in the diagnosis. Hence, there is a need for the development of culturally sensitive instruments for diagnosis, as well as generating locally relevant epidemiological data about eating disorders from community and hospital settings.
A comparative pharmacokinetic study of conventional propranolol and long acting preparation of propranolol in patients with cirrhosis and normal controls.

1 Six male patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and seven normal control subjects were each given 80 mg twice daily of conventional propranolol for 1 week and 160 mg once daily of a long acting preparation (LA) of propranolol for 1 week. 2 Plasma propranolol levels were measured at regular intervals on the first and seventh days of both weeks and also following an acute intravenous infusion of 10 mg propranolol on a separate occasion. 3 After the single intravenous dose the elimination half-life tended to be prolonged in the cirrhotic group (median 7.15 h) compared with controls (median 2.92 h) (P = 0.055). 4 After multiple oral dosing with 80 mg twice daily of conventional propranolol the steady-state plasma concentration (Css), area under the curve (AUC tau), peak concentration (Cmax) and trough concentration (Cmin) were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients and the peak: trough ratio (Cmax/Cmin) was significantly lower than controls. 5 After multiple oral dosing with 160 mg LA once daily Cmin was significantly higher than Cmax/min significantly lower in cirrhotic patients; Css, AUC and Cmax were higher than controls but not statistically different. 6 Within both subject groups the bioavailability of 80 mg twice daily of conventional propranolol tended to be greater than 160 mg LA once daily. Cmax was significantly higher in both groups and Css higher in the cirrhotic group with conventional propranolol. 7 In the cirrhotic group the mean reduction in supine heart rate in the steady state was 31.8% with conventional 80 mg twice daily propranolol and 23.75% with 160 mg LA once daily. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optimal Predictive Eco-Driving Cycles for Conventional, Electric, and Hybrid Electric Cars

In this paper, the computation of eco-driving cycles for electric, conventional, and hybrid vehicles using receding horizon and optimal control is studied. The problem is formulated as consecutive-optimization problems aiming at minimizing the vehicle energy consumption under traffic and speed constraints. The impact of the look-ahead distance and the optimization frequency on the optimal speed computation is studied to find a tradeoff between the optimality and the computation time of the algorithm. For the three architectures considered, simulation results show that in urban driving conditions, a look-ahead distance of 300–500 m leads to a sub-optimality less than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> in the energy consumption compared to the global solution. For <italic>highway</italic> driving conditions, a look-ahead distance of 1–1.5 km leads to a sub-optimality less than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> compared to the global solution.
SPEED AND STAMINA TRADE-OFF IN LACERTID LIZARDS

Abstract Morphological and physiological considerations suggest that sprinting ability and endurance capacity put conflicting demands on the design of an animal's locomotor apparatus and therefore cannot be maximized simultaneously. To test this hypothesis, we correlated size-corrected maximal sprint speed and stamina of 12 species of lacertid lizards. Phylogenetically independent contrasts of sprint speed and stamina showed a significant negative relationship, giving support to the idea of an evolutionary trade-off between the two performance measures. To test the hypothesis that the trade-off is mediated by a conflict in morphological requirements, we correlated both performance traits with snout-vent length, size-corrected estimates of body mass and limb length, and relative hindlimb length (the residuals of the relationship between hind- and forelimb length). Fast-running species had hindlimbs that were long compared to their forelimbs. None of the other size or shape variables showed a significant relationship with speed or endurance. We conclude that the evolution of sprint capacity may be constrained by the need for endurance capacity and vice versa, but the design conflict underlying this trade-off has yet to be identified. Corresponding Editor: T. Garland Jr.
Botulinum Toxin-A Injections for Idiopathic Overactive Bladder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To review the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin-A in the management of idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB). Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Search Library was performed. All randomized controlled trials comparing botulinum toxin-A with placebo, different doses and injection techniques, in patients with idiopathic OAB was included. The analyzed outcomes were quantification of symptoms, urodynamic outcomes, quality of life and adverse events. Result: A total of 1,020 participants from 12 randomized controlled trials were included. Botulinum toxin-A was associated with less urinary frequency, less incontinence episodes, improvement in quality of life, higher post-void residual-related catheterization and higher urinary tract infection. Doses of 100-300 U were not consistently differentiated from each other in voiding diary, quality of life and urge urinary incontinence. No statistically significant difference was seen between bladder body and bladder base, bladder body and bladder body plus trigone in urinary retention and urinary tract infection. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin-A is associated with significant improvement in OAB symptoms in patients with idiopathic OAB. However, there is a higher incidence of postoperative urinary retention and urinary infection compared to placebo. Low-dose botulinum toxin-A seems to be the optimum dose that appropriately balances the benefits with adverse events. Trigone inclusion seems as safe and effective as trigone-sparing injection.
Pharmacological Approaches for Treatment-resistant Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is prevalent, with high risks of disability, substance abuse and premature mortality. Treatment responses typically are incomplete, especially for depressive components, so that many cases can be considered “treatment resistant. ” We reviewed reports on experimental treatments for such patients: there is a striking paucity of such research, mainly involving small incompletely controlled trials of add-on treatment, and findings remain preliminary. Encouraging results have been reported by adding aripiprazole, bupropion, clozapine, ketamine, memantine, pramipexole, pregabalin, and perhaps tri-iodothyronine in resistant manic or depressive phases. The urgency of incomplete responses in such a severe illness underscores the need for more systematic, simpler, and better controlled studies in more homogeneous samples of patients.
Adverse effects of prolactin in rodents and humans: breast and prostate cancer

Drugs and chemicals shown to induce mammary carcinogenesis in the rat/rodent via prolactin excess have traditionally been argued to pose little or no risk to humans in a regulatory toxicology context. The basis for this assumption is reviewed and placed into context with new evidence in humans that prolactin may be a tumour promoter in the breast and prostate. This evidence includes epidemiology, patient studies involving endocrine evaluation and molecular biology in human cells. It is concluded that hyperprolactinaemia is associated with an increase in breast cancer risk in both post and premenopausal women, that rat carcinogenicity studies are predictive of the human response, and that in a regulatory toxicology context prolactin-induced mammary tumours from nongenotoxic drugs and chemicals are an adverse effect that should not be ignored. More evidence is required concerning prostate cancer risk but molecular biology indicates that prolactin also induces prostate cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, which are similar to the responses observed in breast cancer cells.
Resveratrol improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMP-activated protein kinase

AbstractAim:To investigate whether resveratrol (RSV) can improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to find the possible mechanism.Methods:Rats fed a high-fat diet were treated with RSV. The liver histology was observed. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed to assess insulin sensitivity. Fat accumulation was induced in HepG2 cells, and the cells were treated with RSV. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation levels were determined both in the animal study and cell study.Results:Rats fed a high-fat diet developed abdominal obesity, NAFLD, and insulin resistance (IR), which were markedly improved by 10 weeks of RSV administration. RSV treatment prevented triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation in HepG2 cells that were incubated with high concentration of glucose and insulin. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that RSV treatment could promote the phosphorylation of AMPK, which in this study, suppressed 2 lipogenesis gene expressions, contributing to the improvement of NAFLD and IR.Conclusion:The results indicated that by reducing TG accumulation and improving IR, RSV could protect the liver from NAFLD. The activation of AMPK was involved in the mechanism. RSV has the therapeutic potential for preventing or treating NAFLD and IR-related metabolic disorders.
To Be or Not to Be in Monetary Union: A Synthesis

Monetary union can benefit countries suffering from policy credibility problems if it eliminates the inflation bias and also allows for more efficient management of certain shocks. But it also carries costs as some stabilization may be feasible even in the absence of credibility, and this may be more than what an individual country can hope for in a monetary union. In this paper, we combine the stabilization and credibility branches of the currency union literature and construct a simple welfare criterion that can be used to evaluate alternative monetary arrangements. We produce examples where monetary union may be welfare improving even for low-modest levels of inflation bias (2-3%) as long as business cycles are not too a-synchronized across countries.
The relationship between chest pain duration and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction among patients with acute chest pain.

OBJECTIVE Eight to ten million individuals are evaluated for chest pain (CP) in Emergency Departments (ED) in the United States each year. CP characteristics are an important factor used to help determine a diagnosis. We studied the relationship between the duration of CP and the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients evaluated in the ED. METHODS The study population consisted of a sub-group analysis of a previously published study. The survey population consisted of 1024 consecutive encounters of patients who were evaluated for possible ACS in the ED of Henry Ford Hospital between January and May of 1999, CP duration could be obtained in 426 who were included in this analysis. RESULTS Of the 426 patients included in the study, 38 (8.9%) had a final diagnosis of AMI, with a median CP duration of 120 minutes (interquartile range, 30-240 minutes), compared with 40 minutes (interquartile range, 6-180 minutes) in patients without AMI (p =0.003). In patients with CP duration less than 5 minutes, there were no AMIs and no deaths at 30 days. There were 10 patients dead at 30 days, with a median CP duration of 180 minutes (interquartile range, 120-1440 minutes) compared to 40 minutes (interquartile range, 10-180 minutes) in patients alive at 30 days (p = 0.011). A longer CP duration and ST depression of 1 mm of less were independently associated with a final diagnosis of AMI. CONCLUSION Patients with AMI have longer duration of CP than those without AMI; patients with CP of short duration, less than 5 minutes, are unlikely to have AMI and have a good prognosis at 30 days.
Presence of ventricular dyssynchrony and haemodynamic impact of right ventricular pacing in adults with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot and right bundle branch block.

AIMS Late after surgical repair, adults with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) commonly present with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and right bundle branch block (RBBB). We aimed at (i) investigating whether this prolonged RV conduction induced detrimental electromechanical dyssynchrony in both RV and left ventricle (LV) and (ii) determining the acute haemodynamic effects of pacing at different RV sites. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 42 adults with surgically repaired TOF and RBBB were investigated by echocardiography. Intra-RV dyssynchrony (IRVD) and intra-left ventricular dyssynchrony (ILVD) were compared with measurements performed in 30 healthy matched control subjects. An acute haemodynamic study was subsequently performed in a subgroup of 10 patients with New York Heart Association functional class II or class III and echocardiographic signs of RV dysfunction. Cardiac index was measured by a thermodilution technique during spontaneous rhythm (SR) and during atrio-synchronized RV pacing at four different sites (infundibulum, apex, septal, and lateral walls). Fifty-five per cent of the patients with repaired TOF demonstrated abnormal RV and/or LV dyssynchrony. We observed an increased IRVD (37 +/- 12 vs. 18 +/- 8 ms; P= 0.02) and ILVD (34 +/- 12 vs. 20 +/- 10 ms; P= 0.04) in TOF patients when compared with control subjects. We did not observe any significant acute improvement in the cardiac output during atrio-synchronized ventricular pacing vs. SR. Similarly, RV pacing did not induce any significant reduction in the QRS duration. CONCLUSION Some TOF adults with RBBB exhibit biventricular electromechanical dyssynchrony. However, in symptomatic patients with RV dysfunction, atrio-synchronized RV pacing does not induce significant acute haemodynamic improvement.
Price Discovery in Indian Stock Index Futures Market: New Evidence Based on Intraday Data

This study revisits price discovery process in Indian stock index futures market for spot and futures of S%P CNX Nifty, by using high-frequency one-minute time-interval data for the period from January 2011 to August 2015 to gain fresh insights. Stationarity and cointegration tests reveal that spot and futures prices are I (1) and cointegrated. Three different econometric methodologies - component share method of Gonzalo and Granger (1995), information share method of Hasbrouck (1995), and modified information share of Lien and Shrestha (2009) have been employed to determine the extent of price discovery contribution by spot and futures markets. The results reveal that futures market is performing its price discovery function which satisfies the transaction cost hypothesis. Also, these results support the notion that futures market is more efficient vis-a-vis spot market in India. Price discovery is a main function of futures market and has implications for asset pricing, portfolio allocation, investment strategy formation, and market efficiency. This study might be helpful for regulators and policymakers to form market structure policies and guidelines for equity markets.
INHIBITION OF CYTOCHALASIN-PRIMED NEUTROPHILS BY HYPEROSMOLARITY

Experimental and clinical investigations using hyperosmotic solutions for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock demonstrated modulation of the inflammatory response. Decreased postinjury hyperinflammation has been attributed to a reduction in neutrophil-mediated tissue damage. This study shows that cytoskeletal disruption with cytochalasinB did not reverse or prevent the inhibitory effect of an osmolarity increase on the neutrophil cytotoxic response to a formyl peptide. In cytochalasin-primed neutrophils, the hyperosmolarity-dependent inhibition promptly reversed after returning to iso-osmotic levels. Paradoxically, an increase in osmolarity after stimulation produced an increase in the release of reactive oxygen species to the extracellular medium. The inhibitory effect of hyperosmotic NaCl can be reproduced by solutions of similar osmolarity containing N-methyl glucamine or sucrose, but solutions containing mannitol allowed an almost complete response to N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine. The effects on the release of reactive oxygen species to the extracellular media found with the OxyBURST-bovine serum albumin assay correlated with the changes of the intracellular calcium signal, indicating that the inhibition by hyperosmolarity occurs near the receptor level.
From Local to Global: Making the Leap In Teacher Education

As the world becomes increasingly globalized, teachers must prepare a diverse group of students with new skills and mindsets necessary to engage in this global environment. This requires changes in teacher education, including expansion of instructional lenses from the local to the global. This case study examined how one teacher educator attempted to incorporate global competency into her course on culturally responsive teaching. Using surveys, document analysis, observations, and interviews with both the instructor and her students, the researchers found that some global competencies were developed. Ultimately, however, many areas of global competence were not addressed, due to the course’s focus on personal dispositions over practices and on local issues over global ones. We recommend that teacher education programs include a separate course on global competency, as well as more training for teacher educators on how best to develop globally competent pedagogy in pre- and in-service teachers.
Aerodynamic Shape Design of Pantograph Network Monitoring Device on
 High-Speed Trains

The pantograph monitoring device on high-speed trains bears not only its own strength but also the aerodynamic load applied by the air flow when the train is running at high speed. A well designed shape of the pantograph monitoring device on high-speed trains reduces the loads and pressure fluctuations acting on it, and therefore, increases its function stability and life cycle. In this paper, we present an aerodynamic shape design method for such device. Firstly, an efficient and reliable numerical simulation approach is established for the evaluation of the aerodynamic loads acting on the device. According to the numerical computations, a basic shape for the monitoring device is formed, with which the minimum functional space of the device is reserved. Then, the corners of the basic shape are smoothed out with three types of continuous transitions. By comparing the numerical results of the three smoothed shapes, we obtain an optimal aerodynamic shape for the pantograph monitoring device. The design method is not limited to the monitoring device studied in this manuscript. The aerodynamic shape of other small functional devices on high-speed trains can also be generated or optimized with the method presented herein.
Daily Mortality in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area and Size-Classified Particulate Matter

ABSTRACT Time-series of daily mortality data from May 1992 to September 1995 for various portions of the seven-county Philadelphia, PA, metropolitan area were analyzed in relation to weather and a variety of ambient air quality parameters. The air quality data included measurements of size-classified PM, SO4 2-, and H+ that had been collected by the Harvard School of Public Health, as well as routine air pollution monitoring data. Because the various pollutants of interest were measured at different locations within the metropolitan area, it was necessary to test for spatial sensitivity by comparing results for different combinations of locations. Estimates are presented for single pollutants and for multiple-pollutant models, including gaseous pollutants and mutually exclusive components of PM (PM2.5 and coarse particles, SO4 2- and non-SO4 2- portions of total suspended particulate [TSP] and PM10), measured on the day of death and the previous day. We concluded that associations between air quality and mortality were not limited to data collected in the same part of the metropolitan area; that is, mortality for one part may be associated with air quality data from another, not necessarily neighboring, part. Significant associations were found for a wide variety of gaseous and particulate pollutants, especially for peak O3. Using joint regressions on peak O3 with various other pollutants, we found that the combined responses were insensitive to the specific other pollutant selected. We saw no systematic differences according to particle size or chemistry. In general, the associations between daily mortality and air pollution depended on the pollutant or the PM metric, the type of collection filter used, and the location of sampling. Although peak O3 seemed to exhibit the most consistent mortality responses, this finding should be confirmed by analyzing separate seasons and other time periods.
Image integration of three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography angiogram into electroanatomical mapping system to guide catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.

AIMS To evaluate the feasibility of integrating three-dimensional images created by intra-procedural cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) into three-dimensional electroanatomical maps (EAM) and compare its accuracy with that of pre-procedural multi-slice CT (MSCT). METHODS AND RESULTS In 24 patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF), atriography using CBCT with pulmonary arterial contrast injection was performed at the beginning of the AF ablation procedure. Intra-procedural CBCT images and pre-procedural MSCT images were individually imported into the EAM system and compared their integration accuracy (point-to-surface distance) of each image and EAM just before ablation. The CBCT images were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively in comparison with MSCT images. All CBCT images were graded as optimal or useful in delineating the left atrium-pulmonary vein anatomy and were successfully integrated with the EAM. Overall, integration accuracy was similar for CBCT and MSCT. However, in 11 patients, the MSCT was performed 5 or more days prior to EAM, resulting in significantly shorter surface-to-point distance in CBCT than that in MSCT (P = 0.047). Radiation exposure with CBCT was significantly reduced compared with MSCT (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION It is feasible to integrate CBCT image into EAM, and the integration is relatively accurate. Intra-procedural atriography by CBCT may replace pre-procedural MSCT as the imaging source for image integration.