Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ocean Warming 87 warming on seaweeds

year-1. Seaweeds have complex life cycles with several stages that are sensitive to direct physiological effects of warming on metabolism and reproduction, and indirect effects associated with warming-mediated changes in abiotic conditions (e.g. light) and species interactions such as herbivory. • latitudes. Cool-water species have been contracting and warm-water species extending their range edges poleward. Recent range-changes have been from 26 km to 1250 km. In addition, many seaweed populations have changed their depth distribution and relative abundance. • comprehensive. Gradual warming, marine heatwaves and over-grazing range-shifting herbivores have forced and augmented regime-shifts in at least seven regions across four continents. Here, highly complex productive seaweed
Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy for platinum-refractory advanced ovarian adenosquamous carcinoma: a case report

Background Ovarian adenosquamous carcinoma is an extremely rare type of ovarian histology. Platinum-refractory disease is also uncommon, but can be fatal because of the lack of available treatment options. To date, there is no study or case report on platinum-refractory ovarian adenosquamous carcinoma or its relevant treatment. Case presentation Herein, we report the case of a 38-year-old Chinese woman with platinum-refractory advanced ovarian adenosquamous carcinoma who received clinical benefit from poly adenosine diphosphate ([ADP] ribose) polymerase and programmed death-1 inhibitors after failure of prior multiline chemotherapies and antiangiogenic agents. The targeted therapy and immunotherapy-controlled disease deterioration and improved performance status. Thus far, the patient has survived longer than 15 months, and she is taking nivolumab as maintenance treatment. Conclusion Targeted therapy and immunotherapy may be options for rare categories of ovarian cancer, but this warrants more clinical evidence of efficacy and toxicity.
Novel antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities of Quassia amara wood extract

Quassia amara is a plant of the family Simaroubaceae of Northern Brazilian origin. Its use in folk medicine is widespread, especially as an antiparasitic, antifungal and antibacterial agent. Our purpose was testing a Quassia amara ethanol wood extract (QWE) on various parasites, fungi and bacteria which had not been previously screened for this ingredient. QWE was found to have a strong antiparasitic effect on Demodex spp by counting the number of mites extracted from biopsies of pustules of patients with erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular subtypes of rosacea along a topical treatment with 4% QWE, these numbers reaching their physiological value after a 42-day course. In vitro testing of this extract on cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis collected from symptomatic patients showed a rapid inhibition of the growth of the trophozoites after 48 hours of contact. QWE also showed a marked antifungal activity on Candida spp (namely C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. krusei, the latest at a lesser extent, and Malassezia furfur isolated from samples of infected patients, inhibiting the growth of fungi in both a time- and dose-dependent manner.The antibacterial activity of QWE was demonstrated in cultures of P. acnes and coagulase- positive Staphylococci where the growth of the bacteria was reduced in a significant manner (p<0.05) and at a lesser extent in cultures of coagulase-negative Staphylococci where the growth inhibition was not statistically significant. Contrarily, QWE had no effect on the growth of Chlamydia trachomatis, but uniquely altered the morphology and quantity of chlamydial inclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that QWE is shown to have antiparasitic activity on Trichomonas vaginalis and Demodex spp, an antifungal activity on Malassezia furfur and Candida spp and an antibacterial activity on P. acnes.
Histological and Gross Evaluation through Second-Look Arthroscopy of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus after Failed Treatment with Particulated Juvenile Cartilage: A Case Series

Introduction: The treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) recalcitrant to non-surgical interventions is challenging. Particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation (PJCAT) has become a viable treatment option, obviating the need for an osteotomy or second-stage surgery and eliminating risk of donor site morbidity. Short-term outcomes have been promising, but failures associated with PJCAT have not been well described. Case Report: Four patients with OLTs who had continued symptoms after PJCAT underwent a second-look arthroscopic evaluation. The quality of cartilage repair was evaluated using the international cartilage repair society (ICRS) score. Biopsy of the repair was taken for histological analysis. Two patients demonstrated a lack of integration of the allograft into the surrounding cartilage, and two had failures associated with impingement. Three patients’ repairs were consistent with a Grade III ICRS score and one with a Grade II score. Histological examination demonstrated fibrotic repair tissue (Type 1 collagen) with depleted proteoglycans and Type II collagen. Conclusion: There were no obvious patients or surgical factors associated with poor outcomes. Integration of PJCAT with surrounding cartilage appears to be affected by biological and mechanical factors. Further, understanding of factors influencing PJCAT integration will help develop more specific indications for use.
Inhibition of Mast Cell Function and Proliferation by mTOR Activator MHY1485

Mast cells integrate innate and adaptive immunity and are implicated in pathophysiological conditions, including allergy, asthma, and anaphylaxis. Cross-linking of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) initiates diverse signal transduction pathways and induces release of proinflammatory mediators by mast cells. In this study, we demonstrated that hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling using the mTOR activator MHY1485 suppresses FcεRI-mediated mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion. MHY1485 treatment increased ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) phosphorylation, which are downstream targets of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), but decreased phosphorylation of Akt on mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) target site serine 473. In addition, this activator decreased β-hexosaminidase, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) release in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) after FcεRI stimulation. Furthermore, MHY1485-treated BMMCs showed significantly decreased proliferation when cultured with IL-3. These findings suggested hyperactivation of mTORC1 as a therapeutic strategy for mast cell-related diseases.
A Paradigm Shift in Medical, Dental, Nursing, Physiotherapy and Pharmacy Education: From Traditional Method of Teaching to Case-Based Method of Learning- A Review

Background: The most commonly used pedagogy in Nigeria and most other countries is the didactic method of teaching. This method is useful for covering underlying concepts, principles and systems. The traditional method of teaching places the burden of promoting learning fully on the teacher, unless it is integrated with other techniques such as problembased learning and case-based learning (CBL). However, the advantages of CBL over the traditional method of teaching have not been adequately evaluated and this also reflects on the dearth of available literature in this area. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate, analyze and synthesize the available literature evidence base about CBL in order to highlight its merits/benefits, barriers and possible shortcomings so as to guide Medical Colleges and Faculties of Pharmacy in Nigeria in taking a decision on whether or not to begin to explore the possibility of introducing CBL in their medical, dental, physiotherapy, nursing and pharmacy curricula. Methods: The study was literature-based. The review was focused on CBL for both preclinical and clinical health professional programmes including Medicine, Dentistry, Physiotherapy, Nursing and Pharmacy. Papers were required to have outcome data on Review Article Annual Research &Review in Biology, 4(13): 2053-2072, 2014 2054 effectiveness. The search covered the period from January 1990 to December 2013 and the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, International Education Research Database, Web of Knowledge (WoK) and ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) database. Results: The traditional modes of teaching of science and medical subjects focus mainly on the transmission of content by disciplinary experts. By nature, these teaching processes by themselves are not effective at equipping the students in the areas of communication, critical thinking, creativity, self-directed and collaborative learning. CBL adequately addresses most of these deficiencies in pedagogy. In their effort to find solutions and reach decisions through discussion, learners sort out factual data, apply analytic tools, articulate issues, reflect on their relevant experiences, and draw inferences they can relate to new situations that are often not given within the scope of a lecture but that could be very vital in professional practice. In the process, they acquire substantive knowledge, become innovative and develop analytic, collaborative and communication skills. Conclusion: Colleges and faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy should consider the inclusion of CBL in their curricula for the teaching of medicine, dentistry, physiotherapy, nursing, pharmacy and other allied programmes.
Disparities in survival for right-sided vs. left-sided colon cancers in young patients: a study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1990–2014)

Purpose To investigate whether young patients exhibit different characteristics and survival according to tumor location and stage using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients and methods Young patients (20–49 years old) with stage I–III colon cancers were identified from the SEER program from 1990 to 2014. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyze the data. Subset analyses were also done among different age and stage subgroups. Results Of 8197 patients, 3709 (45.2%) had right-sided colon cancers (RCCs). Patients with RCCs were more likely to be male, to be younger, and to have more poorly differentiated and more advanced tumors. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves and univariate survival models revealed that left-sided colon cancers (LCCs) had lower mortality for all stages combined and stage III, but higher mortality for stage II, compared with right-sided tumors. However, multivariate Cox regression models showed no significant survival differences by location for all patients (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86–1.05; P=0.34) or for stage I (adjusted HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.82–2.63; P=0.20). Stage II left-sided cancers had higher mortality (adjusted HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.00–1.54; P=0.048), whereas stage III left-sided cancers had lower mortality (adjusted HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.97; P=0.01). For 20- to 39-year-old patients, a significant difference was only found in stage II disease, with a higher mortality for left-sided tumors (adjusted HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.12–2.97; P=0.02). However, for 40- to 49-year-old patients, a significant difference was only found in stage III disease, with a lower mortality for left-sided tumors (adjusted HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72–0.95; P=0.008). Conclusion In patients younger than 50 years, there were no significant differences in mortality between RCCs and LCCs for all stages combined after adjusting for multiple clinicopathological features. However, RCCs had lower mortality in stage II (especially in 20- to 39-year-old patients) and higher mortality in stage III (especially in 40- to 49-year-old patients).
Pixel‐Structured Scintillator with Polymeric Microstructures for X‐Ray Image Sensors

We introduce a pixel‐structured scintillator realized on a flexible polymeric substrate and demonstrate its feasibility as an X‐ray converter when it is coupled to photosensitive elements. The sample was prepared by filling Gd2O2S:Tb scintillation material into a square‐pore‐shape cavity array fabricated with polyethylene. For comparison, a sample with the conventional continuous geometry was also prepared. Although the pixelated geometry showed X‐ray sensitivity of about 58% compared with the conventional geometry, the resolving power was improved by about 70% above a spatial frequency of 3 mm−1. The spatial frequency at 10% of the modulation‐transfer function was about 6 mm−1.
Assessing emotions conveyed and elicited by patient narratives and their impact on intention to participate in colorectal cancer screening: A psychophysiological investigation

In the context of colorectal cancer screening, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of different emotion-laden narratives, to investigate the specific emotions elicited at both subjective and physiological levels, and to test the effects of emotions explicitly expressed by the narrative character. Study 1 used a between-participants design comparing four conditions: relief-based narrative, regret-based narrative, control (test-uptake only) narrative, and standard invitation material (no-narrative condition). Study 2 used a mixed design, with the narrative content as a within-participants factor and whether emotions were expressed by the narrative character or not as between-participants factor. The main outcome measures were: intention to undergo testing (Studies 1 and 2), knowledge, risk perception, proportion of informed choices (Study 1), subjective emotional responses, changes in skin conductance, heart rate, and corrugator muscle activity (Study 2). In Study 1, relative to the non-narrative condition (51%), only the relief-based narrative significantly increased intention to undergo testing (86%). Relative to the standard invitation material, the narrative conditions did not decrease knowledge, alter risk perception, or decrease the proportion of informed choices. In Study 2, the relief-based narrative elicited the lowest self-reported negative affect, and received greater implicit attention, as suggested by the larger heart rate decrease. Making the emotions experienced by the narrative character explicit decreased negative affect, as indicated by the lower skin conductance and corrugator responses during reading. Our findings provide support for the use of a relief-based narrative with emotions expressed by the character in addition to the standard information material to promote colorectal cancer screening.
Seminal reactive oxygen species and total antioxidant capacity: Correlations with sperm parameters and impact on male infertility

Objective The aim of this study was to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the seminal fluid of the male partners in couples undergoing intrauterine insemination and to evaluate correlations between these values and their semen parameters. Methods The study was conducted at Vamsam Fertility Center, Coimbatore, India and enrolled 110 male patients from whom semen samples were collected. ROS production was measured by a thiobarbituric acid reactive species assay, and TAC was measured by a 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical assay. The differences in the TAC and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels between the subfertile and fertile groups were analysed. Correlations between sperm parameters and TAC and MDA levels were statistically analysed, and cutoff values with respect to the controls were determined. All hypothesis tests used were two-tailed, with statistical significance assessed at the level of p<0.05. Results A total of 87 subfertile and 23 fertile men were included in the study. The mean MDA level was significantly higher in the subfertile subjects than in the fertile subjects, and the mean antioxidant level was significantly lower in the subfertile subjects than in the fertile subjects. Seminal MDA levels were negatively associated with sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, whereas the opposite was seen with TAC levels. Conclusion Measurements of seminal TAC and ROS are valuable for predicting semen quality, and hence predicting the outcomes of fertility treatment.
Knowledge Sharing Self-Efficacy, Motivation and Sense of Community as Predictors of Knowledge Receiving and Giving Behaviors

This study examines the extent to which knowledge sharing self-efficacy, motivation and sense of community variables predict undergraduate students’ knowledge sharing behaviors (knowledge receiving and knowledge giving) in online learning environments. The participants included undergraduate students (N = 284) from two different universities in Turkey. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were carried out to identify the variables predicting knowledge sharing behaviors as knowledge giving and receiving behaviors. The results revealed that both knowledge giving and receiving behaviors were best predicted by knowledge sharing self-efficacy, followed by motivations and sense of community. External effects and growth of aim affected knowledge receiving, whereas only internal effects affected knowledge giving. The independence factor has a negative effect on knowledge receiving, yet has a positive effect on knowledge giving.
The Impact of Motivation and Personality on Academic Performance in Online and Blended Learning Environments

This study investigates the impact of students’ motivation and personality traits on their academic performance in online and blended learning environments. It was conducted with students attending a mandatory introductory information technology course given in a university in Turkey. The Big Five Inventory and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire were completed by a total of 316 students. A learning management system (LMS) was used for online collaboration and accessing course materials. At the end of the course, information on the accessibility of LMS and students’ academic performance including their exam results was obtained. The Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine academic performance in terms of its relationship with motivation and personality. In the online learning environment, the results showed that the conscientiousness trait was significantly related to LMS use whereas in blended learning, there were no significant relations between personality traits and LMS use. Self-efficacy was found to be the predictor of LMS use in the online environment while task value and test anxiety were the predictors in the blended learning environment. Conscientiousness and LMS use were significantly related to course grades in both learning environments. Finally, self-efficacy for learning performance was also associated with course grades in the online learning environment
Inductive Visual Localisation: Factorised Training for Superior Generalisation

End-to-end trained Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have been successfully applied to numerous problems that require processing sequences, such as image captioning, machine translation, and text recognition. However, RNNs often struggle to generalise to sequences longer than the ones encountered during training. In this work, we propose to optimise neural networks explicitly for induction. The idea is to first decompose the problem in a sequence of inductive steps and then to explicitly train the RNN to reproduce such steps. Generalisation is achieved as the RNN is not allowed to learn an arbitrary internal state; instead, it is tasked with mimicking the evolution of a valid state. In particular, the state is restricted to a spatial memory map that tracks parts of the input image which have been accounted for in previous steps. The RNN is trained for single inductive steps, where it produces updates to the memory in addition to the desired output. We evaluate our method on two different visual recognition problems involving visual sequences: (1) text spotting, i.e. joint localisation and reading of text in images containing multiple lines (or a block) of text, and (2) sequential counting of objects in aerial images. We show that inductive training of recurrent models enhances their generalisation ability on challenging image datasets.