Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Techniques of Analysis and Evaluation in Strategic Management

1. The Business Environment. 2. Acquiring Strategic Data. 3. Understanding and Producing Scenario Planning. 4. Analysing Competitors. 5. Strengths, Weaknesses and Opportunities and Threats Analysis. 6. Organisational Resources and Capabilities. 7. Getting to Know Your Organisation's Core Competences. 8. Understanding and Using Value Chain Analysis. 9. Strategic Financial Accounting for Analysing Performance and Resources. 10. Comparative Analysis: Benchmarking. 11. Organisational Culture and Stakeholders, Culture Web. 12. Stakeholders Analysis. 13. Corporate Responsibility Audit. 14. Evaluation and Choosing Strategic Options. 15. Portfolio Analysis. 16. Gap Analysis. 17. Assessing Risk and Using Sensitivity and Risk Analysis. 18. Cost/Benefit Analysis. 19. Understanding and Using Shareholder Value Analysis. 20. Implemention Methods. 21. Business Process Re-Engineering. 22. Performance Measurement. 23. Techniques for Internal Markets.
Orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 reduces the acquisition and expression of cocaine-conditioned reinforcement and the expression of amphetamine-conditioned reward

Preclinical evidence suggests an important role of the brain orexin system in behaviours related to drug addiction. This study aimed at assessing the effect of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 on aspects of psychostimulant-conditioned behaviours that are thought to contribute to the maintenance of and relapse to psychostimulant drug use. Rats were first allowed to nose poke for cocaine infusions associated with a cue light presentation (conditioned stimulus; CS) over five daily sessions. Subsequently, drug-free rats were tested for the acquisition of a new response in which presses on a novel active lever led to the presentation of the previously paired CS. We tested SB-334867 in two conditions, SB-334867 was given either before each cocaine self-administration or before the initial four sessions of acquisition for a novel instrumental responding paired with the CS (conditioned reinforcement). The effect of SB-334867 was also tested on the expression of conditioned place preference to d-amphetamine. The rats treated with SB-334867 before each cocaine self-administration session subsequently showed reduced active lever pressing compared with controls in the initial days of the conditioned reinforcement. In the second study, untreated rats showed normal acquisition of discriminated responding preferential for the lever providing the cocaine cue. In contrast, SB-334867 decreased the number of active lever pressing (compared with the control) with significant effects in all sessions. Finally, SB-334867 blocked the expression of d-amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference. These results suggest that orexin-1 receptor antagonism could offer therapeutic potential in reducing the impact of psychostimulant-predictive stimuli that contribute to compulsive drug seeking in human drug users.
The Behavior of China's Stock Prices in Response to the Proposal and Approval of Bonus Issues

Event study analysis is applied to investigate stock price reaction to the announcement of bonus issues for the emerging stock markets of China. Results show that the issues with a high bonus ratio (number of bonus shares in the issue/number of existing shares) usually attract positive returns for both Chinese (A-share traders) and foreign (B-share traders) residents. Issues with a low bonus ratio are rewarded with negative returns for A-share traders and do not stimulate significant activity by B-share traders. The hypothesis of semi-strong form market efficiency is rejected only for small-bonus issues traded on the A-share market; the B-share market displays stronger evidence of semi-strong form market efficiency than the A-share market. Finally, there appears to be additional informational content in the approvals of bonus issues above and beyond that of the proposals, even though most bonus schedules proceed as proposed.
Debt Maturity Structure, Shareholder Rights, and Corporate Governance

This study investigates how debt maturity structure is influenced by the strength of shareholder rights. The empirical evidence reveals an inverse relation between the strength of shareholder rights and debt maturity. We contend that managers of firms with weak shareholder rights eschew choosing short-term debt to minimize frequent external monitoring. There is also evidence that regulation is a substitute for debt maturity in controlling agency costs. The effect of managerial entrenchment through classified boards is examined on debt maturity structure but is found to be insignificant. Finally, we demonstrate that weak shareholder rights likely bring about, and do not merely reflect, the use of longer-maturity debt.
A Seven Year Survey of the Contact Lens Prescribing Habits of Canadian Optometrists

Purpose. Little is known about the contact lens prescribing habits of optometrists in North America. The purpose of this survey was to obtain data on the types of lenses and solutions prescribed by Canadian optometrists. Methods. One thousand Canadian optometrists were surveyed annually over seven consecutive years (2000 to 2006; n = 7000) on their contact lens prescribing preferences. Each survey requested a range of information about the contact lenses prescribed to the first 10 patients after its receipt. Results. Over this time period, 1008 (14.4%) of the surveys were returned, providing data on 9383 fits. During the seven-year period, the ratio of male:female fits was 1:2 (3123:6217, 43 not reported), with a mean age of 31.3 ± 13.6 years (range 2 to 82 years). The ratio of new fits to refits was 2:3 (3780:5518, 85 not reported), with 91.3% of all fits being soft contact lenses (SCL). Of the SCL fits, 59.5% were spherical, 28.5% toric, 9.7% multifocal, and 2.3% cosmetic tints. Gas permeable (GP) fits were 46.6% spherical, 18.6% toric, 19.5% multifocal, and 6.6% were for orthokeratology (OK). Over the seven-year period, SCL prescribed for continuous wear (CW) increased from 3.2% to 14.3% between 2000 and 2004 and reduced to 8.1% in 2006, for all fits. The use of mid-water content (MWC) materials decreased from 34.6% to 2.7% and the use of silicone hydrogel (SH) lenses increased from 61.4% to 96.2%, for all CW fits. GP lens continuous wear increased from 0.7% to 30.6% of all GP lens fits by 2006. Daily wear (DW) of SH lenses decreased from 49.6% (2000) to 33.7% (2004) and then increased to 86.1% in 2006, for SH fits. MWC SCL fit on a monthly planned replacement (PR) basis reduced in popularity over the seven-year period (75.0% to 39.9%) and in 2006 more patients were fit overall with SH lenses (42.9%). The use of non-PR SCL declined from 20.5% to 4.5% of all fits. Fitting of low-water content lenses also declined (15.1% to 7.0%). High-water content (5.4% to10.2%) and SH lenses (5.4% to 42.9%) both increased. By 2006, the majority of GP lenses fit were with high Dk (HDK) materials (50.3%). Conclusions. The preferred contact lens modality for Canadian optometrists appears to be DW SCL, which are replaced monthly. The proportion of lenses used for CW peaked in 2004, with SH SCL being the preferred material. The market share for GP lenses remains relatively unchanged, with an increasing proportion used for OK and CW. The launch of DW SH lenses in 2004 resulted in a marked increase in their reported fits, with a similar effect following the launch of a HDK GP lens material for CW.
‘It's like there are two people in my head’: A phenomenological exploration of anorexia nervosa and its relationship to the self

This study explores the lived experience of anorexia nervosa from the perspective of those who use pro-recovery websites for eating disorders. Fourteen people participated in an online focus group or an e-interview. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Participants described their disorder as a functional tool for avoiding and coping with negative emotions, changing their identity and obtaining control. A central theme was the experience of an ‘anorexic voice’ with both demonic and friendly qualities. This voice felt like an external entity that criticised individuals and sometimes dominated their sense of self, particularly as anorexia nervosa got worse. Applying dialogical theory suggests a new model of anorexia nervosa, where the anorexic voice is a self-critical position, which disagrees with and attempts to dominate the more rational self. It is suggested that to move on from anorexia nervosa, the individual needs to address his/her anorexic voice and develop a new dominant position that accepts and values his/her sense of self.
Green Marketing Activities Of Green Star Hotels In Concept Of Sustainable Tourism

Due to increasing of global warming, the activities and studies about environmental consciousness and environmentally awareness are adopted by green star hotels and concept of sustainable tourism is becoming increasingly important in this context. Environmentally-friendly hotels or green star hotels have social responsibility consciousness to protect the environment by creating and developing economical solutions by hotel management for water and energy storing and reducing the solid wastes. Nowadays, both hotel managers and visitors pleasure in doing works environmentally responsible. While the hotel managers are adopting environmentallyfriendly construction, visitors (tourists) are behaving more environmentally-friendly about holiday plans and shopping. It is indicated that, the number of tourists who consider green star criteria while selecting the hotels are increasing and at last decades, environmentally-friendly tourism have enormously increased. The aim of this study is to expose green marketing activities of green star hotels in Turkey. In this context, the activities of green star hotels have been examined and viewpoints of the visitors about green marketing have been retained. In this research, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used together. Deep - interviews were done with hotel managers also the questionnaires were used to get information about the awareness of visitors about green star hotels and green marketing activities. Keywords: Sustainability, Sustainable Tourism, Green Star Hotel, Green Marketing, Green Consumer
45-hour continuous quintuple-site actimetry: relations between trunk and limb movements and effects of circadian sleep-wake rhythmicity.

Diurnal and nocturnal trunk and limb motor activity of 20 healthy individuals was evaluated by actimetry for 45 consecutive hours. Sleep was assessed by sleep logs. Overall, motor activity significantly (p < .05) decreased in the order wrist, ankle, and trunk. There was significantly more motor activity in the dominant wrist during the diurnal period. Motor activity was significantly affected by the 24-hr sleep-wake cycle, with lower levels and prolonged immobility during the night. Time series analyses revealed different but significant correlations between motor activity at all sites. These data imply that (a) motor activity should be recorded at the dominant wrist when the highest level of motor activity is of importance, (b) recordings at the nondominant wrist are better indicators of trunk movement than are dominant wrist recordings, and (c) sites other than the conventional nondominant wrist recording site should be evaluated to improve the validity of motor activity-based sleep-wake scoring.
Routine screening for intrauterine growth retardation in Germany, low sensitivity and questionable benefit for diagnosed cases

BACKGROUND Antenatal screening for fetal growth retardation has proven effective in detecting at-risk pregnancies under study conditions. It is also widely believed to improve pregnancy outcomes. We assessed sensitivity of antenatal screening routines for intrauterine growth retardation under routine service conditions in Germany. We then compared pregnancy management and outcome in small for gestational age neonates with antenatally diagnosed growth retardation to neonates whose growth retardation had remained undetected. METHODS Historical prospective study covering all 2378 singleton pregnancies with antenatal records delivered within a one-year period at a tertiary level maternity hospital in Germany. Antenatal records were linked with pregnancy outcome data. RESULTS The sensitivity of screening routines based on ultrasound and non-systematic follow-up investigations was 32% as compared to 80-90% reported for ultrasound screening under study conditions. An antenatal diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation was associated with a 5 times higher rate of preterm delivery (p<0.001), mainly as a consequence of medical interventions to avoid fetal compromise, when compared to new-borns with growth retardation not detected before delivery; admission rates to neonatal care unit were 3 times higher (p<0.001). The proportion of low Apgar scores and low cord pH, indicating fetal distress, was not significantly different in detected and undetected cases. CONCLUSION Screening routines for intrauterine growth retardation currently used in Germany miss the majority of cases and do not contribute towards improved pregnancy outcome in detected cases. A benefit of elective preterm delivery in the management of suspected intrauterine growth retardation was not evident.
Efficient testing of an optical feedback pixel driver using wavelet analysis

A method for testing an optical feedback pixel driver (OFPD) is presented. It is based on the wavelet transformation of the measured output pixel current (IPIXEL) waveform. In the wavelet analysis, a test metric is introduced which relies on the wavelet energy computation from the trend and detail coefficients of the IPIXEL waveform. The proposed test method is general and may be applied also for testing other analog and mixed-signal circuits. Comparative simulation results are presented between the proposed method and a method utilizing the calculation of the integral of the IPIXEL. The results show a +13.33% improvement in fault coverage by using the proposed testing scheme.
MICROMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF LALLEMANTIA L. (LAMIACEAE) SPECIES GROWING IN TURKEY

Micromorphological features related to the pollen, nutlets and trichomes of Lallemantia species growing in Turkey were investigated mainly by scanning electron microscopy. Lallemantia pollen shares morphological features with subfamily Nepetoideae (tribe Mentheae, subtribe Nepetinae) pollen. However, the fine details are characteristic enough to differentiate the pollen between species. The exine is microreticulate in L. peltata and L. iberica, and reticulate-foveolate in L. canescens. Similarly, nutlet features are similar in general, but there are striking differences in surface details between species. Nutlets are black and oblong-triangular with V-shaped areoles. The surface is verrucate in L. iberica and L. canescens, and verrucate-rugulate in L. peltata. The warts are regular and separated in L. peltata, irregular and separated in L. iberica, and irregular and separated or sometimes associated in 2 to 4 groups in L. canescens. Two types of trichome, capitate and acicular, are present on the stems, leaves, calyx and bracts. The results suggest that although the distribution and micromorphology of trichomes has no taxonomic value, some pollen and nutlet micromorphological characters have the potential to serve as phylogenetic markers at the species level in the genus Lallemantia. However, pollen characteristics show no correlation with the nutlet characteristics.
Percutaneous Retrograde Tibial Access in Limb Salvage

Purpose: To describe a novel technique for percutaneous retrograde access of the tibial vessels after antegrade access failure in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Methods: Six patients who had failed antegrade access to infrapopliteal occlusions had attempted retrograde tibial puncture and wire passage into the proximally patent vessel. Endovascular intervention was carried out utilizing standard techniques. The patients were followed for functional class and wound healing. Results: All six patients were successfully recanalized. Five patients experienced rapid and dramatic healing of wounds that had previously been refractory to conservative therapy. The other patient did not experience healing and ultimately died of progressive intractable congestive heart failure in the setting of a severe ischemic cardiomyopathy. Conclusions: Retrograde tibial access can be a valuable technique in the armamentarium of a peripheral interventionist treating patients with chronic critical limb ischemia.
Computer-aided Detection in the United Kingdom National Breast Screening Programme : Prospective Study 1

1 From the Radiology Department, St George’s Hospital, Blackshaw Rd, London SW17 0QT, England (L.A.L.K., R.M.G.); and Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, England (P.T.). Received August 3, 2004; revision requested October 8; revision received November 22; accepted December 27. Supported by the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme. Address correspondence to R.M. G. (e-mail: rosalind.givenwilson@stgeorges.nhs.uk).
Radioprotective effect of sugar cane extract in chickens

To evaluate the radioprotective effect of sugar cane extract (SCE), SCE was orally administered into the crop of 3‐week‐old chickens for 3 consecutive days before or after x‐ray radiation at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day. The survival rate of SCE administered chickens before x‐ray radiation at a dose of 920 rad increased to 68.8% when compared with that of the irradiated control (50%). Histopathological examination revealed the intestine of SCE administered chickens to have mild to moderate pathological changes, when compared with that of the irradiated control animals. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HIV infection of placental macrophages: their potential role in vertical transmission

Placental macrophages were isolated and cultured in vitro to investigate their susceptibility to HIV infection and possible role in vertical transmission of HIV. After 10 days of in vitro culture the cells were positive for nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase and negative for myeloperoxidase and placental alkaline phosphatase. They expressed cell surface HLA‐ABC, HLA‐DR, CD45, as well as CD68 intracellularly, as detected by flow cytometry, confirming their macrophage lineage. Approximately 80% of cells expressed surface CD14. CD4 antigen was expressed at very low levels and was confirmed by antibody blocking experiments. Infection of placental macrophage cultures with HIV resulted in a transient peak of viral replication 3 to 7 days after infection, but no later rise in HIV was detected with culture of up to 60 days. HIV replication was not up‐regulated by coculture with phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated lymphocytes or by treating infected cultures with tumor necrosis factor α or granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56: 241–246; 1994.
Network Synchronization by Dynamic diffusive Coupling

The problem of controlled network synchronization for a class of nonlinear observable systems interconnected via dynamic diffusive coupling is studied. We construct a dynamic diffusive coupling combining a nonlinear observer and an output feedback controller. Sufficient conditions on the systems to be interconnected, on the network topology, and on the coupling strength that guarantee (global) synchronization are derived. Moreover, using the notion of semipassivity, we prove that under some mild assumptions, the solutions of interconnected semipassive systems are ultimately bounded. The results are illustrated by computer simulations of coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators.
Ownership structure, sharing of control and legal framework. International evidence

We analyze the relation between capital structure, ownership structure, and corporate value for a sample of 1,216 firms from 15 European countries. Our results stress two different conflicts of interest and show the differential role played by the mechanisms of corporate control depending on the legal and institutional environment. In common law countries, as a consequence of the relationships between managers and shareholders, capital structure and managerial ownership are the most effective mechanisms of control. In civil law countries, however, as a consequence of the conflicts between majority and minority shareholders, the ownership concentration and the sharing of control within the firm become crucial. In this scenario, the second reference shareholder plays a critical role in contesting the control of the dominant largest shareholder in order to reduce the extraction of private benefits and improve the firm? s performance
Subclinical Seizure Activity and Prophylactic Phenytoin Infusion in Acute Liver Failure: A Controlled Clinical Trial

Subclinical seizure activity in the patient with encephalopathy and on ventilation with acute liver failure (ALF) is a poorly recognized entity. Its importance lies in the likely exacerbation of cerebral hypoxia and the contribution of such seizure activity to the development of cerebral edema. The aim of the present study was to document the frequency of subclinical seizure activity in a cohort of patients with ALF by using a cerebral function and activity monitor that allows continuous recording of electroencephalogram activity at the bedside and to determine whether the prophylactic administration of the antiepileptic agent phenytoin would reduce its occurrence. Forty‐two patients were enrolled in a controlled clinical trial: 20 patients were given phenytoin and 22 acted as controls. Subclinical seizure activity was recorded in 3 and 10 patients, respectively, of the treated and control groups. Pupillary abnormalities indicative of seizure activity and/or raised intracranial pressure (ICP) were also seen less frequently in the phenytoin‐treated group compared with the controls (5 and 11 patients, respectively). Autopsy examinations available in 19 patients showed signs of cerebral edema in only 2 (22%) of the phenytoin‐treated patients compared with 7 (70%) of the controls (P < .033). Based on these findings, we recommend that patients with ALF, on reaching the stage of grade III or IV encephalopathy, should be routinely monitored for subclinical seizure activity. In this study, prophylaxis with phenytoin reduced the frequency of such seizure activity and its effects, and proved to be safe with the regimen used.
The ultrastructure of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii basal apparatus: identification of an early marker of radial asymmetry inherent in the basal body

The biflagellate unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a classic model organism for the analysis of flagella and their organizers, the basal bodies. In this cell, the two flagella-bearing basal bodies, along with two probasal bodies and an array of fibers and microtubules, form a complex organelle called the basal apparatus. The ultrastructure of the basal apparatus was analysed in detail by serial thin-section electron microscopy of isolated cytoskeletons and several newly discovered features are described, including a marker for the rotational asymmetry inherent in the basal bodies and probasal bodies. In addition, the complex three-dimensional basal apparatus ultrastructure is resolved and illustrated, including the attachment sites of all basal apparatus elements to specific microtubular triplets of the basal bodies and probasal bodies. These data will facilitate both the localization of novel basal apparatus proteins and the analysis of mutants and RNA interference cells with only subtle defects in basal apparatus ultrastructure. The early harbinger of radial asymmetry described here could play a crucial role during basal body maturation by orienting the asymmetric attachment of the various associated fibers and therefore might define the orientation of the basal bodies and, ultimately, the direction of flagellar beating.