Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERFLUOROCARBON LIQUID UTILIZATION IN PRIMARY VITRECTOMY REPAIR OF RETINAL DETACHMENT WITH MULTIPLE BREAKS

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy in conjunction with intraoperative perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) use as initial treatment of retinal detachment (RD) with multiple breaks located at various distances from the ora serrata. Methods Twenty-two consecutive eyes (15 phakic, 2 aphakic, and 5 pseudophakic) presenting with RD with multiple breaks and tears underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy, PFO retinal reattachment, transcleral cryopexy or endolaser treatment of breaks, PFO/air exchange, and final injection of 18% perfluoropropane (C3F8). Scleral buckles were not used. The mean follow-up period was 29 months. Results Temporary PFO utilization attached the posterior retina and facilitated the safe removal of vitreous at its base and around the retinal tears. Intraoperative complications included new breaks (3 eyes), enlargement of breaks (2 eyes), and a small bubble of subretinal PFO (1 eye). Postoperatively, the retina remained attached during follow-up in 19 eyes. Cataract developed or progressed in 13 phakic eyes. Conclusions Pars plana vitrectomy in conjunction with intraoperative PFO utilization is effective as initial treatment of RDs with multiple breaks. The main limitation of this technique is the postoperative progressive cataract formation in phakic eyes.
Whole Blood International Normalization Ratio Measurements in Children Using Near-Patient Monitors

Purpose To report a comparison of international normalization ratio (INR) measurements on four near-patient (point-of-care or bedside) whole blood INR monitors in children. Patients and Methods The INR results from 19 ambulatory pediatric subjects (30 hospital visits) receiving warfarin sodium were analyzed on four near-patient monitors and compared with plasma INR measurements on the laboratory CA-1000 Analyze. The instruments evaluated were CoaguChek, Hemochron Jr. Signature, ProTime Microcoagulation System, and RapidpointCoag. Results The INR measurements ranged from 1.05 to 5.25. Over the entire INR range, the near-patient instrument with the least bias relative to the CA-1000 was the RapidpointCoag (r2 = 0.923). The correlations (r2) of the CoaguCheck, Hemochron Jr., and ProTime were 0.877, 0.834, and 0.885, respectively. Precision studies involved repeated analysis of one nonmedicated adult (mean CA-1000 INR = 0.908) and one adult receiving oral anticoagulation therapy (mean CA-1000 INR = 2.42). The coefficient of variation on the near-patient monitors for both adult volunteers ranged from 4.9% to 22.3%. Bilirubin levels up to 20 mg/dL did not interfere in any of the methods. Conclusions Near-patient testing whole blood INR monitors offer acceptably accurate and precise measurements. Values obtained on near-patient monitors may vary considerably from the reference method, and data obtained should serve as a supplement to, but not a replacement for, routine clinical laboratory measurements.
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF A TETRAPLOID FETUS

A tetraploid fetus with an unusual facial appearance and multiple congenital anomalies (large cerebral lateral ventricles; lung, cardiac, and genital abnormalities) is reported. Chromosome analysis was performed on amniocytes and fetal blood lymphocytes. A comparison is made with other reported cases (nine liveborn infants and one 17·2‐week‐old fetus). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic factors in patients with congestive heart failure.

The natural history of congestive heart failure (CHF) was initially described in the Framingham Heart Study, carried out in the US city of Framingham, Massachusetts, in which 5,209 individuals were randomly selected and followed for four decades (1949 to 1987) . In 1971, the descendents of this initial population and their respective spouses (5,135 individuals) were also included in the study and, in 1993, the evolutional data of this cohort study of 10,344 participants were published . The survival rate in five years was 25% for men and 38% for women; this survival rate is similar to that observed in patients with some types of cancer, such as lung cancer, for example . It is estimated that in the US almost four million people have CHF and that 700,000 new cases occur every year . In addition to the high prevalence, there is another factor of concern. There is evidence that the number of hospital admissions due to CHF has increased in the last two decades. According to North American statistics, the number of hospital admissions of individuals older than 65 years and whose main diagnosis was CHF increased from 7.5 per 1,000 in 1986 to 16.3 per 1,000 in 1989 . These data cause CHF to be regarded as a public health problem throughout the world. The high morbidity and mortality show that the current treatment is still unsatisfactory. On the other hand, economic resources are limited and every strategy should be well assessed to avoid wasting. Therefore it is very important to identify the individuals with poor prognosis who can eventually benefit from aggressive management. This manuscript discusses prosent issues of the main prognostic factors used in the assessment of patients with CHF. Some have recognized value and are used frequently in the clinical practice. Others have a controversial or not well-established value, as we will see below.
Genetic similarity and mate selection in Uruguay

Summary It has been suggested that average genetic similarity, as assessed by blood genetic markers, could influence mate choice in humans. In the present study, average genetic similarity was assessed in 183 couples submitting to paternity determinations in relation to six blood group systems and three HLA loci. Couples in which the putative father was excluded were compared with those in which such exclusion did not occur, and real couples were compared to random pairs. The differences were all statistically non-significant. Possible reasons for the different results found in the previous sample and in the present study are considered.
Social‐communicative abilities as treatment goals for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: the importance of imitation, joint attention, and play

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder with a lifelong impact on multiple domains of functioning. Often, a diagnosis is possible by 3 years of age. Given the benefits of early intervention, it is advisable to start treatment as soon as possible after the diagnosis has been made. Among other factors, early intervention should focus on social‐communicative abilities such as imitation, joint attention, and play. In this review, the typical developmental course and functions of these social‐communicative abilities are described, and the problems young children with ASD experience in this domain. In addition, different approaches to promoting these abilities are explained. The authors recommend the inclusion of imitation, joint attention, and play as treatment goals in community settings for children with ASD.
Captivity humanizes the primate microbiome

Significance Trillions of bacteria live in the primate gut, contributing to metabolism, immune system development, and pathogen resistance. Perturbations to these bacteria are associated with metabolic and autoimmune human diseases that are prevalent in Westernized societies. Herein, we measured gut microbial communities and diet in multiple primate species living in the wild, in a sanctuary, and in full captivity. We found that captivity and loss of dietary fiber in nonhuman primates are associated with loss of native gut microbiota and convergence toward the modern human microbiome, suggesting that parallel processes may be driving recent loss of core microbial biodiversity in humans. The primate gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of bacteria, whose composition is associated with numerous metabolic, autoimmune, and infectious human diseases. Although there is increasing evidence that modern and Westernized societies are associated with dramatic loss of natural human gut microbiome diversity, the causes and consequences of such loss are challenging to study. Here we use nonhuman primates (NHPs) as a model system for studying the effects of emigration and lifestyle disruption on the human gut microbiome. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in two model NHP species, we show that although different primate species have distinctive signature microbiota in the wild, in captivity they lose their native microbes and become colonized with Prevotella and Bacteroides, the dominant genera in the modern human gut microbiome. We confirm that captive individuals from eight other NHP species in a different zoo show the same pattern of convergence, and that semicaptive primates housed in a sanctuary represent an intermediate microbiome state between wild and captive. Using deep shotgun sequencing, chemical dietary analysis, and chloroplast relative abundance, we show that decreasing dietary fiber and plant content are associated with the captive primate microbiome. Finally, in a meta-analysis including published human data, we show that captivity has a parallel effect on the NHP gut microbiome to that of Westernization in humans. These results demonstrate that captivity and lifestyle disruption cause primates to lose native microbiota and converge along an axis toward the modern human microbiome.
Seizure-Induced Newborn Neurons Might Not be So Bad after All

Commentary Despite early evidence of neurogenesis in adult rodents (1), not until the 1990s was the notion fully acknowledged that new neurons could be generated in the adult brain. Newborn cells were found in humans (2), and their number was found to increase in rodents after exercise, exposure to enriched environment or learning, and decrease after stress (3). In rodent models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), it was also found that status epilepticus (SE) increases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (4). However, instead of being a restorative process, dentate epilepsy-induced neurogenesis appeared to be detrimental: SE-newborn cells emerging from the subgranular zone were found to migrate aberrantly to the hilar/CA3 border, where they display abnormal dendritic morphology. These newborn cells—also referred to as “ectopic granule cells”—integrate functionally to the existing network and are hyperexcitable compared to normal granule cells, firing in bursts. They also contribute to mossy fiber sprouting, another hallmark of temporal lobe epilepsy (5, 6). As a consequence, it is believed that excessive excitatory inputs from cortex reach CA3, violating the excitation–inhibition balance of the so-called “dentate gate,” potentially causing seizures. In this article, Fournier and colleagues ask whether epilepsy-induced newborn cells could also be involved in cognitive impairments, a common comorbidity of TLE. This question is all the more relevant since the dentate gyrus plays a critical role in certain forms of memory (7) and newborn cells in epilepsy migrate, differentiate, and integrate abnormally in the dentate gyrus. In addition, a large number of studies—although there are some discrepancies—report alterations of memory performance after blockade of adult neurogenesis in non-epileptic rodents (3). Taken together, one would therefore expect that epilepsy-induced newborn cells would negatively impact dentate and memory function. While previous attempts have been made to test this hypothesis by blocking adult neurogenesis after SE (8), it is possible that the behavioral improvements observed could be caused directly by the treatment (here, valproate) and not the decreased neurogenesis. In this study, Fournier and colleagues used a different approach: Instead of blocking adult neurogenesis in their epilepsy model, they let newborn neurons develop freely and asked whether these neurons show signs of involvement in a memory task. Impaired Recruitment of Seizure-Generated Neurons into Functional Memory Networks of the Adult Dentate Gyrus Following Long-Term Amygdala Kindling.
Catecholaminergic effects on neuronal activity related to a delayed response task in monkey prefrontal cortex.

1. Using iontophoretic techniques, we investigated the effects of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) on neuronal activity related to a delayed response (DR) task in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the Japanese macaque monkeys. The DR task was initiated by rotation of a handle to a central zone and consisted of seven distinct time periods: an initial waiting period of 0.3 s, a precue period of 1 s (a central green lamp), a cue period of 1 s (left or right lamp), a delay period of 4 s, a go period of 1 s (red lamp in the center; rotation of the handle to either the left or right zone), a hold period (holding of the handle in either the left or right zone for 0.3 s), and a final reward period. 2. A total of 116 neurons were DR task related. They showed increases in activity during the precue period (Precue-types, n = 19), during both the cue and go periods (Cue/GO-types, n = 17), the go period (GO-types, n = 16), and during the delay period (Delay-types, n = 64). The Delay-type neurons were further divided into differential neurons (n = 33), for which the magnitude of the delay-related activity differed significantly between left- and right-cue trials, and nondifferential neurons (n = 31). Some of the Delay-type neurons also showed increases in activity during the cue (n = 26), go (n = 27), or both the cue and go periods (n = 11). 3. DA or NA, applied iontophoretically with a current of 50 nA, induced increased or decreased responses in most of the DR task-related neurons. DA increased activity of most of the Cue/GO-(16/17), GO-(13/16), and Delay-type neurons (49/64), and NA decreased activity of most of the Precue- (13/19) and non-differential Delay-type neurons (25/31). Thus different types of DR task-related neurons showed different responses to DA and NA. 4. In Cue/GO-, GO-, and/or Delay-type neurons, DA increased the activity related to the cue, go, and delay periods more strongly than it increased background activity. As a result, the ratio [i.e., signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio] of activity related to the cue, go, and delay periods to background activity was increased. 5. In Precue-type or nondifferential Delay-type neurons, NA decreased background activity more strongly than it decreased activity during the precue or delay period. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Allosteric Activation of SAMHD1 Protein by Deoxynucleotide Triphosphate (dNTP)-dependent Tetramerization Requires dNTP Concentrations That Are Similar to dNTP Concentrations Observed in Cycling T Cells*

SAMHD1 is a dNTP hydrolase, whose activity is required for maintaining low dNTP concentrations in non-cycling T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. SAMHD1-dependent dNTP depletion is thought to impair retroviral replication in these cells, but the relationship between the dNTPase activity and retroviral restriction is not fully understood. In this study, we investigate allosteric activation of SAMHD1 by deoxynucleotide-dependent tetramerization and measure how the lifetime of the enzymatically active tetramer is affected by different dNTP ligands bound in the allosteric site. The EC50dNTP values for SAMHD1 activation by dNTPs are in the 2–20 μm range, and the half-life of the assembled tetramer after deoxynucleotide depletion varies from minutes to hours depending on what dNTP is bound in the A2 allosteric site. Comparison of the wild-type SAMHD1 and the T592D mutant reveals that the phosphomimetic mutation affects the rates of tetramer dissociation, but has no effect on the equilibrium of allosteric activation by deoxynucleotides. Collectively, our data suggest that deoxynucleotide-dependent tetramerization contributes to regulation of deoxynucleotide levels in cycling cells, whereas in non-cycling cells restrictive to retroviral replication, SAMHD1 activation is likely to be achieved through a distinct mechanism.
The Role of Personality Characteristics of Athletes in Coach–Athlete Relationships

This study investigated the relationship between athletes' personality characteristics and the quality of the coach–athlete relationship. 84 female (M age = 20.6 yr., SD = 2.8) and 129 male (M age = 22.0 yr., SD = 3.3) elite youth athletes competing at least for 7 yr. participated in this study. The Five-Factor Personality Inventory (short version) and the Quality of Relationships Inventory were administered to all participants. Stepwise multiple regression analysis assessed which of the five personality factors predicted scores for the different subscales of the Quality of Relationships Inventory (Depth, Support, and Conflict). Results indicated that depth of relationship was not predicted by personality factors. On the other hand, neuroticism and extraversion were significant predictors of support dimension of relationship. Analysis indicated that conscientiousness was the strongest predictor of conflict. In conclusion, athletes' personality characteristics may be important in determining the quality of the coach–athlete relationship.
Plant Cap-binding Complexes Eukaryotic Initiation Factors eIF4F and eIFISO4F

Background: Plants have a unique form of cap-binding complex. Results: Correct and mixed complexes show differential translation, and mixed complex subunits have lower binding affinity than correct complex subunits. Conclusion: The subunits of the cap-binding complexes show specificity for complex formation, and the translational efficiency is determined by the large subunit. Significance: The results suggest the potential for differential translation by the two plant cap-binding complexes. The initiation of translation in eukaryotes requires a suite of eIFs that include the cap-binding complex, eIF4F. eIF4F is comprised of the subunits eIF4G and eIF4E and often the helicase, eIF4A. The eIF4G subunit serves as an assembly point for other initiation factors, whereas eIF4E binds to the 7-methyl guanosine cap of mRNA. Plants have an isozyme form of eIF4F (eIFiso4F) with comparable subunits, eIFiso4E and eIFiso4G. Plant eIF4A is very loosely associated with the plant cap-binding complexes. The specificity of interaction of the individual subunits of the two complexes was previously unknown. To address this issue, mixed complexes (eIF4E-eIFiso4G or eIFiso4E-eIF4G) were expressed and purified from Escherichia coli for biochemical analysis. The activity of the mixed complexes in in vitro translation assays correlated with the large subunit of the respective correct complex. These results suggest that the eIF4G or eIFiso4G subunits influence translational efficiency more than the cap-binding subunits. The translation assays also showed varying responses of the mRNA templates to eIF4F or eIFiso4F, suggesting that some level of mRNA discrimination is possible. The dissociation constants for the correct complexes have KD values in the subnanomolar range, whereas the mixed complexes were found to have KD values in the ∼10 nm range. Displacement assays showed that the correct binding partner readily displaces the incorrect binding partner in a manner consistent with the difference in KD values. These results show molecular specificity for the formation of plant eIF4F and eIFiso4F complexes and suggest a role in mRNA discrimination during initiation of translation.
Maternal Basal Metabolic Rate in Twin Pregnancy

Objective: This study examined the basal metabolic rate in patients with twin pregnancies and compared the results with those of singleton pregnancies and non-pregnant women. Methods: In 15 non-pregnant women, 14 patients with twin and 25 patients with singleton pregnancies, the resting energy expenditure was measured using an open-circuit ventilatory system during the third trimester of pregnancy. Results: The averaged resting energy expenditure in patients with twin pregnancy was 1,636 ± 174 kcal/day, significantly higher than that in patients with singleton pregnancy (1,456 ± 158 kcal/day; p < 0.05). Both of these levels are significantly higher than those in non-pregnant women (1,228 ± 132 kcal/day; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the estimated increased metabolic demands in patients during the third trimester of twin pregnancy are about 10% higher than those in women with singleton pregnancy. A prospective clinical study concerning nutrition counseling is needed.
Density-Based Heterogeneous Data Stream Clustering Algorithm with Mixed Distance Measure Methods

Heterogeneous data stream clustering is an important issue in data stream mining, for the accuracy of the existing heterogeneous clustering algorithm is not high, and don’t have a common distance measure method, a heterogeneous data stream clustering algorithm based on the density with mixed distance measure method is proposed. HDSDen algorithm adopts an online/offline two-stage processing framework. According to the situation of dominant property, the online stage use corresponding distance measure method to define the core points among the arriving points, the purpose of the different distance calculation method is to reduce the influence of the non-dominant property on the whole clustering accuracy. All the density-reachable points form a cluster in the offline stage, and put all the not-clustered points into the reservoir, and the number of the reservoir exceeds the threshold value, we will re-cluster the points to improve the accuracy of clustering. Experiments on real data sets show that the algorithm can achieve better clustering results, and give the clustering results at any time, which can deal with the heterogeneous data stream efficiently.
A Systematic Review of the Methods of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies of the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier.

BACKGROUND The Afirma® Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) risk stratifies The Bethesda System for the Reporting of Thyroid Cytopathology class III/IV (indeterminate) thyroid nodules (ITNs) as suspicious for malignancy or benign. Several authors have published studies describing the diagnostic accuracy of the GEC. However, the quality of these methods has not been rigorously examined. SUMMARY In this study, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies published between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2016, examining the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of the GEC. The Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 was customized to evaluate the methods of included studies in each of four domains: nodule selection, index test execution, reference standard assignment, and flow and timing. Signaling questions were used to identify sources of potential bias in calculation of diagnostic accuracy, and issues of applicability were assessed. Three panelists applied the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool to each study included, and divergence was resolved in conference. In 12 studies evaluated, the most common methodologic flaw was lack of reference standard diagnosis assignment to un-excised GEC-benign ITNs. Exclusion of these ITNs from the analyses resulted in unreliable estimates of specificity and negative predictive value. Other flaws identified included restriction to ITNs that had already been selected for referral for thyroidectomy or lobectomy. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should define and assign a "true negative" label to GEC-benign nodules that do not develop malignant signs or symptoms during a pre-specified period of follow-up, and these nodules should be included in calculations of diagnostic accuracy.