Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Profiling New Paradigms in Sound and Music Technologies

Abstract Do we have new paradigms emerging in sound and music technologies? What characterizes a paradigm? Paradigms are central to the scientific revolutions and to the normal science in every field, but are a rather misunderstood term. This paper introduces the main theme of this issue with a clarifying approach to the concept of paradigm and appropriate concerns on its use. Aiming at identifying candidates for new paradigms by reviewing the literature, a search path is suggested aligning prospective paradigmatic targets in sound and music technologies, and then a method is proposed to search the literature and rank the most likely new candidates for paradigms. The method was applied in a selected set of scientific papers and led to a list of ten candidates for paradigms ranked by relevance. Discussions on the results, perspectives of the method, and about the potential candidates in the sound and music technology scenario are presented.
On‐line scheduling revisited

We present a new on-line algorithm, MR, for non-preemptive scheduling of jobs with known processing times on m identical machines which beats the best previous algorithm for m⩾64. For m∞ its competitive ratio approaches 1+\sqrt{(1+1{\rm n} 2)/2}<1.9201. Copyright 2000 © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploiting Online Interactivity to Enhance Assignment Development and Feedback in Distance Education

Networking provides the means to deliver enhancements to assignment development and feedback which have not previously been possible for ODL courses. This paper describes the experimental introduction and evaluation of network delivered model answers and peer review as additional formative feedback on assessment. The enhancements assisted students in attuning themselves to the writing demands of the course, and there may be particular times in a course when they are most of value. Use of a network allowed for delivery within a controlled time frame, whilst providing an interactive environment for debate on alternative perspectives.
Change impact analysis of object-oriented software

As the software industry has matured, we have shifted our resources from being devoted to developing new software systems to making modifications in evolving software systems. A major problem for developers in an evolutionary environment is that seemingly small changes can ripple throughout the system to cause major unintended impacts elsewhere. As such, software developers need mechanisms to understand how a change to a software system will impact the rest of the system. Although the effects of changes in object-oriented software can be restricted, they are also more subtle and more difficult to detect. Maintaining the current object-oriented systems is more of an art, similar to where we were 15 years ago with procedural systems, than an engineering skill. We are beginning to see “legacy” object-oriented systems in industry. A difficult problem is how to maintain these objects in large, complex systems. Although objects are more easily identified and packaged, features such as encapsulation, inheritance, aggregation, polymorphism and dynamic binding can make the ripple effects of object-oriented systems far more difficult to control than in procedural systems. The research presented here addresses the problems of change impact analysis for object-oriented software. Major results of this research include a set of object-oriented data dependency graphs, a set of algorithms that allow software developers to evaluate proposed changes on object-oriented software, a set of object-oriented change impact metrics to evaluate the change impact quantitatively, and a prototype tool (ChaT) to evaluate the algorithms. This research also results in efficient regression testing by helping testers decide what classes and methods need to be retested, and in supporting cost estimation and schedule planning.
Application of Bayes nets in sensor fusion

This paper gives an overview of the Bayesian network technology and a description of its potential application for data fusion. The Bayesian network technology is a set of representation techniques for encoding uncertain beliefs using probability theory and reasoning techniques for drawing inferences from such representatives. The technology has been successfully applied both to tasks of assessment under uncertainty and tasks of decision- making under uncertainty.
What do transition organizations lack to be innovative

Purpose – Innovativeness is probably the most effective way for organizations in the transition economies to improve their competitiveness. The purpose of this research is to find those factors, which significantly contribute to the innovativeness of organizations in the oldest market‐based economies but they have not been developed in the transition organizations.Design/methodology/approach – A range of recently published works, which aimed to provide different theoretical findings and best practice of innovative economies highlighted organizational culture, entrepreneurship and market orientation as the most important factors influencing the organizational innovation intensity and sustained competitive advantage. These factors and their relationships together with the characteristics of the transition economies were applied to put hypotheses about their impact on innovation intensity in the transition organizations. The structural equation modeling was used to test these hypotheses on the sample of 214 .
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The aims of this article are to review the existing literature on the introduction and use of interactive whiteboards (IWBs) in schools and to summarise the key issues arising from this analysis in order to provide a context for the articles which follow in this special issue of Learning, Media and Technology . The article reviews the evidence about the initial adoption of the technology in classrooms, the existing empirical evidence of its impact on teaching and learning in schools as well as presenting an analysis of some of the underlying theoretical and conceptual issues
The development of a semantic annotation scheme for Chinese kinship

In this paper, we propose a corpus annotation scheme and lexicon for Chinese kinship terms. We modify existing traditional Chinese kinship schemes into a comprehensive semantic field framework that covers kinship semantic categories in contemporary Chinese. The scheme is inspired by the Lancaster USAS (UCREL Semantic Analysis System) taxonomy, which contains categories for English kinship terms. We show how our scheme works with a Chinese kinship semantic lexicon which covers parents, siblings, marital relations, off-spring and same-sex partnerships. The kinship lexicon was created through a pilot study involving the Lancaster University Mandarin Corpus. We foresee that our annotation scheme and lexicon will provide a framework and resource for the kinship annotation of Chinese corpora and corpus-based kinship studies.
Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages

The peripheral Mongolic languages of the Qinghai-Gansu area in China comprise Eastern Yugur (Shira Yugur) and the Shirongol languages. The latter can be subdivided in a Monguor branch, consisting of Mongghul and Mangghuer, and a Baoanic branch, consisting of Baoan, Kangjia, and Dongxiang (Santa). The internal taxonomy of the Qinghai-Gansu languages will be discussed in a separate section. The Qinghai-Gansu languages are increasingly well-described. They have also been the subject of studies in language contact, mostly in the context of the Amdo or Qinghai-Gansu Sprachbund. This study will approach the phonology of Qinghai-Gansu Mongolic from a comparative historical viewpoint. It provides an overview of the phonological developments of the Qinghai-Gansu languages, comparing them to the reconstructed ancestral language. At the same time it will investigate the archaic features that can be found in these languages, in order to improve the reconstructions of individual Mongolic lexemes. The book ends with a comparative supplement of about 1350 reconstructed Common Mongolic items, accompanied by the modern forms they are based on and, where necessary, arguments for the chosen reconstruction.
The Effectiveness of Constructed-Response and Multiple-Choice Study Tasks in Computer Aided Learning

This study compares the effectiveness of multiple-choice (MC) and constructed-response (CR) study tasks both with feedback. Graduate students (n = 46) completed a computer-delivered vocabulary lesson on instructional design terms followed by cued recall and recognition posttests. The CR study task was significantly more effective than the MC study task on the recognition posttest, but not on the cued recall posttest. Designers should consider expanding the use of CR study tasks in similar instructional cases.
Wavelength conversion in networks with differing link capacities

Transmission limitations, asymmetric loads and network upgrade strategies are all expected to mean that different links in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) network are expected to have different numbers of wavelengths. We examine the performance improvements offered by wavelength converters in WDM networks which have different number of wavelengths on different links. We show that wavelength converters can provide more significant performance improvements in networks with differing numbers of wavelengths on each link than in networks with the same number of wavelengths on each link. However, these performance improvements depend on the number of wavelengths on each link, the offered loads and the wavelength assignment scheme used.
Fully online teaching and learning in a pre-service teacher unit in music education

In an era of constant change for the higher education sector in which universities are required to be responsive to shifting student demographics and the constant 'waves' of technological change, this paper explores the move to online learning in music education in one university. Part of an ongoing 3 year research project into the fully online delivery of a pre-service teacher music education unit, this paper presents current literature in the area of distance and e-learning in tertiary education. Pertinent terminology associated with online pedagogy is presented with reference to the characteristics of distance learning and a contemporary model of e-learning. The research question focused on identifying the most important factors for successful learning in music education in a fully online environment. In light of the literature initial survey data from student participants are presented and discussed. These data suggest that students place most value upon their contact with tutors in online learning environment, a result that suggests the role of the academic in online teaching is as significant as in a face to face mode, albeit a role that is mediated through ICTs. These data also indicate that an online mode of delivery can support deep learning in music education; however, to achieve this diligent attention to pedagogical decisions, not least of which is the place of the learner in the learning process, is required.
Mobile radio propagation path loss studies at VHF/UHF bands in Southern India

Field strength measurements at 200, 400 and 450 MHz (VHF/UHF band) were conducted with the field strength meter placed on board a vehicle in Southern India. Observed field strength values were converted into path losses and are compared with different path loss prediction methods like Hata (1980), Egli (1957), Blomquist-Ladell (1974), COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami (Doble 1996), Walfisch-Bertoni (1988) and ITU-R. These path loss studies are carried out in urban, suburban and open areas in this region. The results showed that Hata's method gave better agreement with observed values in urban, suburban and open regions; the COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model is also in good agreement with the observed values in urban and suburban regions, the Egli and Blomquist-Ladell methods showed moderate agreement in open regions only. The agreement of the Walfisch-Bertoni and ITU-R methods with observed values is not good.
Automaticity and attentional control in spoken language processing: Neurophysiological evidence

A long-standing debate in the science of language is whether our capacity to process language draws on attentional resources, or whether some stages or types of this processing may be automatic. I review a series of experiments in which this issue was addressed by modulating the level of attention on the auditory input while recording event-related brain activity elicited by spoken linguistic stimuli. The overall results of these studies show that the language function does possess a certain degree of automaticity, which seems to apply to different types of information. It can be explained, at least in part, by robustness of strongly connected linguistic memory circuits in the brain that can activate fully even when attentional resources are low. At the same time, this automaticity is limited to the very first stages of linguistic processing (<200 ms from the point in time when the relevant information is available in the auditory input). Later processing steps are, in turn, more affected by attention modulation. These later steps, which possibly reflect a more in-depth, secondary processing or re-analysis and repair of incoming speech, therefore appear dependant on the amount of resources allocated to language. Full processing of spoken language may thus not be possible without allocating attentional resources to it; this allocation in itself may be triggered by the early automatic stages in the first place.
Quality‐of‐Service Mechanisms for Flow‐Based Routers

In this paper, we propose quality of service mechanisms for flow‐based routers which have to handle several million flows at wire speed in high‐speed networks. Traffic management mechanisms are proposed for guaranteed traffic and non‐guaranteed traffic separately, and then the effective harmonization of the two mechanisms is introduced for real networks in which both traffic types are mixed together. A simple non‐work‐conserving fair queuing algorithm is proposed for guaranteed traffic, and an adaptive flow‐based random early drop algorithm is proposed for non‐guaranteed traffic. Based on that basic architecture, we propose a dynamic traffic identification method to dynamically prioritize traffic according to the traffic characteristics of applications. In a high‐speed router system, the dynamic traffic identification method could be a good alternative to deep packet inspection, which requires handling of the IP packet header and payload. Through numerical analysis, simulation, and a real system experiment, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed mechanisms.
Evolution of multi‐criteria analysis: a scientometric analysis

The field of multi-criteria analysis has known very important developments during the last 20 years, if one considers the very large amount of activities that it has generated and continues to generate (papers in journals, a dedicated journal, books, meetings, applications, …). Even if multi-criteria analysis has reached some maturity, its future is subject to questions and debate among its researchers: what is the evolution of the field? What is its structure? Is it integrating new topics? In order to answer such questions at least partially, we have studied multi-criteria analysis literature by means of the method of associated words (scientometric analysis) and the software ‘Leximappe’. All the abstracts of the papers which are relative to multi-criteria analysis and are included in the bibliographic ABI-INFORM database from 1985 to 1996 have been analysed. In this paper, we will present some results of this study. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keeping a learning diary to enhance researchers’ understanding of and users’ skills in web searching

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how using a learning diary can enable researchers to gain a deeper insight into end users’ information searching behaviour and how it can improve users’ search skills as well.Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted a qualitative approach and used a learning diary as its data collection tool. A group of 62 Library and Information Science students from Tarbiat Moallem University in Tehran formed the target group. They were asked to keep a search diary for eight weeks to reflect on their search experiences during that period of time. Moreover, 15 of them participated in a follow‐up interview after handing in their diaries.Findings – A tentative model was developed to illustrate a number of elements which contribute to the formation of problematic, satisfying and optimal search situations. Moreover keeping a diary was perceived useful by the participants in improving their search skills.Research limitations/implications – Only 34 of the subjects (5.
Design of synchronisers: a review

The synchronisation of asynchronous inputs and metastability in synchronisers have haunted designers of digital systems for a long time. Even though the metastable behaviour of latches and other similar devices is now well understood, it is still a major limitation in digital systems which involve frequent asynchronous interaction. The problem has been studied both theoretically and practically and it has been established that perfect synchronisation is impossible. There are basically two approaches to cope with synchronisation: the first involves special design methodologies, such as self-timed systems, and special components such as stoppable clocks; unfortunately, in many systems, a fixed clock period is required. Alternatively, another technique which involves a well designed synchroniser can be used. The synchronisation problem has been studied by many researchers, in various perspectives. The objective of the paper is to review the problem and put the pieces of the puzzle together; we present a simple but complete description of the problem and bridge the gap between circuit designers and system designers.
Microclimate, water potential, transpiration, and bole dielectric constant of coniferous and deciduous tree species in the Continental Boreal Ecotone of Central Alaska

Tree canopy microclimate, xylem water flux and xylem dielectric constant have been monitored in situ since June 1993 in two adjacent natural forest stands in central Alaska. The deciduous stand represents a mature balsam poplar site on the Tanana River floodplain, while the coniferous stand consists of mature white spruce with some black spruce mixed in. During solstice in June and later in summer, diurnal changes of xylem water potential were measured to investigate the occurrence and magnitude of tree transpiration and dielectric constant changes in stems. A newly developed method for continuously monitoring bole dielectric constant was successfully applied to monitor changes in six trees during an entire growing season. At solstice, with continuous daylight of varying intensity, trees still showed a distinct diurnal pattern in both water potential and tree transpiration, indicating water stress and stomatal control in all trees observed. Dielectric constant in the xylem varied diurnally in black spruce and balsam poplar, while white spruce dielectric constant showed minimal response. Transpiration decreased with shortening daylight periods and lower vapor pressure deficits in the atmosphere. Dielectric constant gradually increased in all white spruce observed. Tree xylem flux stopped in all conifers at the end of October. Black spruce and balsam poplar had clear diurnal patterns of dielectric constant which correlated with changes in tree xylem flux. Tree xylem flux and dielectric constant in the black spruce was not correlated to diurnal environmental parameters and indicated strong depletion of water storage in its below canopy hydraulic system. <<ETX>>
Coordination Chemistry‐Assembled Multicomponent Systems Built from a Gable‐Like Bis‐Porphyrin: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties

Multiporphyrinic assemblies were quantitatively formed, in one step, from a gable‐like zinc(II) bis‐porphyrin ZnP2 and free‐base porphyrins bearing pyridyl groups. The different fragments are held together by axial 4′‐N(pyridyl)–Zn interactions. Formation of a macrocycle ZnP2•(4′‐cisDPyP) and a bis‐macrocycle (ZnP2)2•(TPyP) is discussed. The macrocycle and the bis‐macrocycle were crystallized and studied by X‐ray diffraction, which confirmed the excellent complementarity between the various components. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric titrations and studies reveal high association constants for both multiporphyrinic assemblies due to the almost perfect geometrical match between the interacting units. As expected, energy transfer from the zinc porphyrin component to the free‐base porphyrin quenches the fluorescence of the zinc porphyrin components in both compounds. But while in ZnP2•(4′‐cis DPyP) sensitization of the emission of the free‐base porphyrin was observed, in (ZnP2)2•(TPyP) excitation of the peripheral Zn porphyrin units does not lead to quantitative sensitization of the luminescence of the free‐base porphyrin acceptor. An unusual HOMO–HOMO electron transfer reaction from ZnP2 to the excited TPyP unit was detected and studied.
Underspecification and vowel height transfer in Esimbi

Since the advent of distinctive feature theory, few issues have received as many interpretations as the phonological representation of vowel height. Vowel height features have been denned acoustically and articulatorily, have allowed three, four or five distinct heights, have been unary, binary and n-ary, and have been on a single tier, multiple tiers or in various head-dependency relationships. It is fair to say that there is no consensus on how vowel height should be represented. While many generative phonologists have been quite content working for nearly three decades with a pair of binary vowel height features, the literature of this period includes a steady flow of criticisms of this approach as well as suggestions for improvement or radical change. This literature generally addresses itself to two problems inherent in the SPE features [high] and [low] and the three vowel heights they define: First, how does one account for systems with four (five? ) vowel heights? Second, how can rules that raise (lower) vowel heights by one step each be accounted for? In the first question we ask what the theory has to say about distinctive oppositions such as /i e ∊ æ/ in the second question we ask what the theory has to say about a rule such as one that would lower /i/ to [e] and /e/ to [∊].
Document Clustering - Concepts, Metrics and Algorithms

Document clustering, which is also refered to as text clustering, is a technique of unsupervised document organisation. Text clustering is used to group documents into subsets that consist of texts that are similar to each orher. These subsets are called clusters. Document clustering algorithms are widely used in web searching engines to produce results relevant to a query. An example of practical use of those techniques are Yahoo! hierarchies of documents [1]. Another application of document clustering is browsing which is defined as searching session without well specific goal. The browsing techniques heavily relies on document clustering. In this article we examine the most important concepts related to document clustering. Besides the algorithms we present comprehensive discussion about representation of documents, calculation of similarity between documents and evaluation of clusters quality. Keywords—Document clustering, text mining, kmeans, hierarchical clustersting, vector space model.