Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Regional Soil Quality Factors and Indicators II. Northern Mississippi Loess Hills and Palouse Prairie

Diversity of soil series present in a region may hinder identification of soil quality factors and indicators at a regional scale. Our objectives were (i) to identify soil quality factors for a diverse population of soils at the regional scale, (ii) to determine which factors vary significantly with land use, (iii) to select indicators from these factors that can be used with the National Resource Inventory (NRI) for monitoring soil quality, and (iv) to compare these results to a similar study involving only a single soil series. One hundred eighty-six points representing 75 soil series in the Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills and 149 points representing 58 soil series in Palouse and Nez Perce Prairies were sampled from a statistically representative subset of NRI sample points and analyzed for 20 soil attributes. Factor analysis was used to identify soil quality factors and discriminant analysis was used to identify factors and indicators most sensitive to land use within each region. In the Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, five soil quality factors were identified. Discriminant analysis selected potentially mineralizable N (PMN), microbial biomass C (MBC), water stable aggregates (WSA), and total organic C (TOC) as the most discriminating attributes between land uses. In the Palouse and Nez Perce Prairies, six factors were identified. Discriminant analysis selected TOC and total N as the most discriminating attributes between land uses. The soil quality factors were similar among three of the four regions, but TOC was the only indicator common to all regions for distinguishing among land uses.
IN VITRO FERMENTABILITY, DEGRADABILITY AND MICROBIAL BIOMASS PRODUCT OF COMPLETE RATION CONTAINING A COMBINATION OF FIELD GRASS, CONCENTRATE AND NUTRIENT RICH SUPPLEMENT

The objective of this experiment was to obtain an optimum combination between field grass,concentrate and Nutrient Rich Supplement (NRS) based on in vitro study using Hohenheim gas test. Theexperimental diets were: R1 (control diet = 70% field grass + 30% concentrate), R2 (70% field grass +25% concentrate + 5% NRS), R3 (70% field grass + 20% concentrate + 10% NRS) and R4 (70% fieldgrass + 15% concentrate + 15% NRS). A randomized block design with four treatments and fourreplications was carried out. Buffalo rumen fluid was taken in different time and was used as block orreplication. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Significant differences amongtreatments were determined by contrast orthogonal. The results showed that total gas production andtotal VFA concentration were highest (P<0.05) in R4 among the treatments. Addition of 15% NRS incomplete ration (R4) increased NH3 concentration 10.34%. Addition of 10% NRS and 15% NRS incomplete ration (R3 and R4) improved the microbial biomass product compared to control and 5% NRSin complete ration (R1 and R2). Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) degradability weresignificantly higher (P<0.01) in 10% NRS and 5% NRS in complete ration (R3 and R2) compared tocontrol and 15% NRS in complete ration (R1 and R4). It was concluded that combination between 70%field grass, 20% concentrate and 10% NRS in complete ration (R3) was more optimal for improving gasproduction, total VFA, NH3 concentration, microbial biomass product, dry matter degradability andorganic matter degradability, compared to control ration.
Still religious parties in Belgium?: The decline of the denominational cleavage in the Belgian consociational democracy

The Belgian consociational model as it was instituted in the early 20th century was built along the denominational cleavage. It opposed three pillars: a catholic one, a socialist one and a (smaller) liberal one. The religious difference was not only observable in the political goals of each pillar, but also in the background and attitudes of their members. Catholics were hardly present in either the socialist and liberal organizations. Non-catholics were very rare within catholic organizations. Voting behaviours confirmed the religious base of Belgian politics and society. From the 1960s onwards, the picture changed a lot. The ongoing process of secularization has reduced the religious division among citizens and has affected pillar organizations from parties to trade unions. Yet, not very much has been said on the consequences of this evolution. Scholars hypothesised a “secularisation of the minds”, while noting that pillar organisations remained very strong. Nevertheless, few empirical studies demonstrate whether or not the religious division is in practice no longer decisive in shaping the belongings and attitudes of Belgian citizens. In this paper we aim at studying more accurately the salience of the religious cleavage in nowadays Belgium in two directions. First, electoral behaviours are studied to determine whether religion remains a decisive variable (with a new perspective of voting behaviours of Muslims). Second, party membership is analysed in order to verify whether contemporary Belgian parties remain or not religious- and pillar-based parties. This empirical evidence will help in determining whether Belgium faces a “believing without belonging” or a “belonging without believing” phenomena.
Primary Pre-Service Teachers’ Epistemological Beliefs and their Teaching and Learning Experiences

The epistemological beliefs of pre-service teachers influence both their teaching experiences and their students’ content understanding. Little research has been devoted to the interaction between teachers’ epistemological beliefs and teaching practices (Schraw & Olafson, 2002). To address this gap, this study investigated primary pre-service teachers’ epistemological beliefs and their teaching and learning experiences, as well as how these relate to one another. The participants were 22 (13 females, 9 males) volunteer primary pre-service teachers. Data were collected from science learning histories, open-ended questionnaire on epistemological beliefs, classroom observation reports, lesson plans, and reflective diaries. The result showed that epistemological beliefs can be promoted by using teaching methods that focus on such beliefs.
An isotope view on ionising radiation as a source of sulphuric acid

Sulphuric acid is an important factor in aerosol nucleation and growth. It has been shown that ions enhance the formation of sulphuric acid aerosols, but the exact mechanism remains undetermined. Furthermore some studies have found a deﬁciency in the sulphuric acid budget, suggesting a missing source. In this study the production of sulphuric acid from SO2 through a number of different pathways is investigated. The production methods are standard gas phase oxidation by OH radicals produced by ozone photolysis by UV light, liquid phase oxidation by ozone, and gas phase oxidation initiated by gamma rays. The distributions of stable sulphur isotopes in the products and substrate were measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. All methods produced sulphate enriched in 34S and we ﬁnd a 34S value of 8.7 permil for the OH reaction. Only UV light (Hg emission at 253.65 nm) produced a clear nonmass-dependent excess of 33S of around 0.3 permil. The pattern of isotopic enrichment produced by gamma rays is similar,but not equal, to that produced by aqueous oxidation of SO2 by ozone. This, combined with the relative yields of the experiments, suggests a mechanism in which ionising radiation may lead to hydrated ion clusters that serve as nanoreactors for S(IV) to S(VI) conversion.
The relationship of Turnover intention with job satisfaction, job performance, Leader member exchange, Emotional intelligence and organizational commitment

Turnover is a painful issue in the organizations, in the world of tough competition the organizations try to minimize their turnover ratio and save their cost, turnover cost consists of hiring, recruiting and selecting the employees. The purpose of current study to is to know the effect of some of the factors which affect the turnover intention of employees. We find the impact of organizational commitment, emotional intelligence, leader membership exchange, job performance and job satisfaction on turnover intention. We conducted a survey and took a sample of 200 employees. We used questionnaire method to collect information from the respondents. By using linear regression analysis method we found that Job satisfaction, job performance and leader membership exchange has a direct negative influence on the turnover intention. The results provide understanding that how these variables affect the turnover inten tion and how to reduce turnover rate.
Implementation of game methods in the preparation of management personnel

The search for increasing the effectiveness of training leads to the use of innovative technologies, which include gaming. The purpose of this article was to identify the extent and nature of the introduction of gaming methods in the educational process of the Russian State Social University. The paper used a comparative analysis of students and teachers assessment of management training using the gaming of the educational process. The empirical basis was the results of a sociological survey conducted using the Google Forms online service. 48 teachers and 178 students took part in the sociological survey. As a result, it was possible to establish that the introduction of gaming in the university is controversial. Despite the understanding of the usefulness of gaming by university employees, only 29% of teachers constantly use gaming methods. Students are dissatisfied with this, noting that gaming techniques are either fragmented (54%) or not used at all (37%). Students with a desire to participate in classes with gaming methods, especially in an integrated business game. Achievement of students' success at the class increases their social status. The study showed that the potential for gaming is not fully used.
Best Business Practices Factors for micro , Small and Medium Enterprises and sustainable Development in Nigeria -

This study was conducted in order to ascertain the nature of the relationship between working capital management and profitability of firms in Nigeria. The cluster sampling and simple random sampling techniques were adopted in this study. From a population of 220 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 3F' December, 2011, a sample of 142 companies was selected. A cross-sectional data of firms for 2009-2011 was collected from the Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact Book and the annual reports of the sampled firms. The data collected were analysed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique. All of the explanatory variable (LQD, DBT, CCC) except CCC were . positively associated with profitability of finns in Nigeria. It was also found out that only LQD is significantly associated with profitability. Based on the result of this study it was recommended amongst others that, the federal government of Nigeria, through her relevant agencies, should emphasize optimization of the liquidity of firms in Nigeria. This is necessary so as to enhance profitability of firms doing business in the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
Technical efficiency of smallholder barley farmers: The case of Welmera district, Central Oromia, Ethiopia

Crop production and productivity are not only inevitably affected by level of adoption of improved technologies and external factors but also the technical efficiencies of producers. The main objectives of this study are to estimate technical efficiency of sample barley farmers, assess determinant factors and compute yield loss due to inefficiency. Plot level data from 180 barley growers were collected through three stage systematic random sampling procedures. A one-step maximum likelihood was used to estimate stochastic frontier translog production function to determine the level of technical efficiency and its determinant factors. The estimated value of technical efficiency ranges from 0.11 to 0.99 with an average of 0.53 allowing inefficiency gap of 0.47 indicating the opportunity to increase barley output by 47% by using the same inputs mix and existing technology. The study found sex, age and education level of the household head, distance to all weather roads, credit service, group membership, extension contact, training, plot fragmentation, tenure status, and investment in fertilizers significantly impact technical efficiency. The result suggests the need to involve female headed households into extension and trainings, increase the education level of households through informal and formal literacy, inspire household membership into farmers’ groups and enable them to share best practices from model and more experienced farmers, inspire barley producers to invest on fertilizers and strengthen rural micro finance institutions to provide credit at some reasonable costs. Key words: Barley farms, translog production function, technical efficiency, Welmera.
Üç Farkli Çiftlikte Yetiştirilen Gökkuşaği Alabaliklari (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)'nin Toplam Kolesterol ve Kolesterol Tiplerinin Karşilaştirilmasi The Comparison of Serum Total Cholesterol and Cholesterol Types of Three Different Farms' Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum, 1792)

Fish were maintained from three different trout farms of three townships of Erzurum (Pasinler, Oltu and Tortum). Blood samples were collected from fish and total cholesterol and cholesterol types were compared. Fish of the same age were selected from the farms which use the same commercial feed. All parameters (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and VLDL) took highest values in the first station (Oltu); 470.00 ± 91.83, 203.60 ± 45.79, 184.00 ± 27.48 and 229.60 ±41.22mg/dl, respectively.
Applicability of the Mehlich-3 method for the site-specific soil nutrient management in Northern Mozambique

Mehlich 3 (M-3) is a multi-nutrient extractant which provides a rapid and cost-effective soil test for various soils. This study investigated the applicability of M-3 for cation and micronutrient determination under the specific soil fertilization and crop rotation given in northern Mozambique. Cations and micronutrients extracted with M-3 were compared with the classical methods; neutral ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) for calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na); diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) for copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn); and Bray I for phosphorus (P). Results indicated that M-3 was useful for Ca, K, Mg, P and Zn determination. Various types of soil fertilization or crop rotations did not alter the accuracy and precision of cation determination using M-3 and NH4OAc. Addition of organic and chemical fertilizers was thought to adversely affect the quantity of M-3 and DTPA extractable micronutrients and their correlations. However, levels of M-3 micronutrients in soils were well above those considered to be critical levels as same as that of DTPA. This suggested that M-3 was an acceptable procedure for determining cations and micronutrients in the routine analysis and could be advantageous for soil nutrient management in the specific conditions given. Key words: Bray I, crop rotation, diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA), Mehlich 3, Mozambique, Nacala, neutral ammonium acetate (NH4OAc)
The effect of an entrepreneurial leadership style on employees' sustainable behaviour

Sustainability is an emerging area of investigation within the entrepreneurial leadership literature. Therefore, it is critical to understand more about how an entrepreneurial leadership style can influence the sustainable behaviour of employees. With the use of current literature and interviews with managers in Germany and the Netherlands, this study developed a model about the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on sustainable employee behaviour. The model explains how entrepreneurial leaders can influence employees’ sustainable behaviour in several ways. Stimulation of sustainable behaviour can be done by correcting unsustainable behaviour, showing role model behaviour, giving autonomy, support, responsibility and ownership to employees as well as raising awareness and learning from competitors. Employees react in different ways to the stimulation of sustainable behaviour by the application of an entrepreneurial leadership style. Employees react with motivation, commitment, creativity and learning but also giving signals of being overtaxed. The study has shown a dependency on the contingency factors company perspective, as well as attitude and personality of employees and entrepreneurial leaders. Both, the entrepreneurial leadership style applied to stimulate sustainable behaviour and employees being confronted with this leadership style are influenced by these contingency factors. This research adds to existing literature by setting directions for leaders on how to use an entrepreneurial leadership style to stimulate employees’ sustainable behaviour. In addition, there are not many models about the stimulation of employee’s sustainable behaviour yet, so this model could be used as a basis for further research on this topic.
Age-related physiological and structural traits of chestnut coppices at the Castelli Romani Park (Italy)

Des taillis de Castanea sativa Miller (âges de 1, 5, 7, 10, 12, 17, 23, 26, et 30 ans) ont ete etudies. La surface totale de base (BA) variait de 4,9 ± 1,9 m 2 ha -1 (peuplement de 1 an) a 41,0 ± 2,3 m 2 ha-1 (peuplement de 30 ans), et l'indice de surface foliaire (LAI) de 0,18 ± 0,08 m 2 m -2 (peuplement de 1 an) a 5,00 ± 0,22 m 2 m -2 (peuplement de 12 ans). La morphologie et la physiologie de caracteristiques foliaires ont ete examinees dans les peuplements âges de 5 (YC) et 23 ans (OC), de facon a montrer les reponses fonctionnelles a l'impact de la coupe. Les resultats montrent une productivite elevee du châtaigner dans le Parc, a la suite de favorables conditions du climat et du sol. Des differences significatives entre les caracteristiques morpho-physiologiques des feuilles des peuplements YC et OC ont ete observees pendant la derniere periode de la saison de vegetation ; cela pourrait etre du a la plus grande efficacite d'utilisation des ressources dans les feuilles de YC par rapport a celles de OC.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND PREFERENCES OF THE BONGANDO PEOPLE IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

People living in the Congo basin forest have developed a variety of ways to use natural resources. Thus, the increase in conservation projects must be accompanied by efforts to clarify the livelihood-related conditions of local people. This paper provided a detailed in- vestigation of the utilization of natural resources by the Bongando people living in the great ape habitat of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Specifically, the paper examined food acquisition and consumption based on direct observations and measurements, and also discussed the adequacy of food assessment approaches. Quantitative data on food acquisition and consumption at the study site showed that the amount of carbohydrates consumed was adequate; however, less animal protein was consumed by those living at the study site than by people living in great ape habitats in Africa. This suggests that availability of animal protein fluctuates, and that the Bongando people follow a dual village/forest lifestyle. Cassava leaves and other vegetables are also important protein sources. Data on the food preferences of the Bongando indicate that they strongly prefer cassava as their staple, and that they engage in sophisticated ways of cultivating leaves for consumption as food. The data also reflect the Bongando people's strong preference for wild animals, and the fact that some people avoid eating livestock. Food preferences are important factors in the success of conservation projects, as it is crucial to find ways for local people to maintain adequate caloric and protein intake that are acceptable to the people themselves and to the projects. Therefore, research based on a food assessment approach should occur in parallel with research based on direct observations. Quantitative food assessment is useful because it provides data for an entire year for a large-scale population. However, it is also necessary to conduct preliminary research to obtain basic infor- mation about a population and its use of natural resources. Research designs must be developed based on the analysis, screening, and correction of data by researchers with a deep knowledge about the local livelihoods to prevent human error.
Natural Products Solution against Superbugs: A Challenge of Biodiversity in a Public Health Issue

Antimicrobial resistance is currently one of the greatest challenges and threats to the health of populations, in which two fundamental problems come together, such as the inappropriate use of antibiotics as well as the implementation of deficient measures for the control of infections [1]. Because the use of an antimicrobial inevitably leads to the emergence of resistance, a constant search for new molecules is required with which to deal with outbreaks and decrease the infection rate [2]. This indiscriminate use of anti-infectives both in humans and in agriculture makes possible the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains (MDR). Between them the most reported MDR microorganisms are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to fluoroquinolones, Klebsiella pneumonia resistant to ceftazidime, Acinetobacter baumannii, and isoniazid-rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis [3]. Additionally, this very serious public health problem is complicated by the lack of availability and research into new active medicines against MDR microorganisms [4]. So several initiatives have been proposed as 10 × 20 initiative from Infectious Disease Society of America that propose the global union of several leading institutions in order to develop 10 new antimicrobial drugs by 2020 [5,6]. In this order of ideas, to assume this great challenge makes it necessary to overcome the mechanisms of microbial defense that induce resistance as biofilms that allows the survival of microorganisms in their interior through chemically induced environmental changes that favor their adaptation [7-9]. Also, research into new antibiotics has decreased because they have a lower rate of return than drugs used to treat chronic diseases [10,11].