Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Rote Learning on Vocabulary Learning: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners with Visual and Auditory Learning Styles

This study aimed to explore the effect of rote learning (word list learning) on boosting visual and auditory learners' vocabulary retention. To this end, the Oxford Placement Test (2007) was administered, in order to identify the learners' proficiency level. Then 31 subjects who were studying at the Iran Language Institute (ILI) in Bushehr, Iran, and belonged to available sampling were singled out. To distinguish the learners' preference for learning styles in gaining vocabularies, Barsch Learning Style Inventory (1991) providing a focus on visual, auditory, and tactual learning style preferences was employed. Afterwards, the researcher-made pre-test was carried out. Then, during the 8 treatment sessions, some new vocabulary items were instructed through word list learning. At the end of the treatment, the researcher-post-test was conducted. Next, after two weeks, the delayed posttest was carried out to differentiate the degree of retention among the visual and auditory participants. In the end, to analyze the data, Independent samples t-test was conducted. The findings cast light on the fact that the large number of the learners favored visual learning style. Furthermore, the visual learners outperformed the auditory learners in recalling the new words while exposed to the rote learning.
Investigating the knowledge and attitude of primary school teachers in Tehran towards Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Learning Disorders and their relation to teacher’s characteristics

Background and aim: Learning Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder are considered among the most common childhood disorders which occur concomitantly in many cases and affect the life and future of children as long as their education is concerned. Thus, knowledge and attitude towards these disorders have been given much importance by teachers, especially during the early years of education. The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of primary school teachers in Tehran towards Learning Disability and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder and to investigate their relationship with teachers’ characteristics. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 200 primary school teachers in Tehran. Cluster sampling was carried out in five school districts in the north, south, east, west, and center of Tehran and then the final schools were selected randomly from among them. Three questionnaires including demographic information, Knowledge and Attitudes towards Learning Disability, and Knowledge and Attitudes towards Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder were administered. The validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by five child and adolescent psychiatrists and the reliability of the questionnaires were estimated to be 0.89, using Cronbach's Alpha. Results: There was a positive significant correlation between knowledge and attitude’s scores on the two disorders. The mean of female participants' knowledge scores was higher than that of the male participants on both disorders. No relationship was observed between age, educational level, and educational experiences, and teachers’ knowledge and attitude. Conclusion: The teachers who had more knowledge and more positive attitudes towards a disorder received higher scores on the other disorder. Female teachers had more knowledge about AD/HD and LD compared with male teachers. Therefore, it seems that male teachers need more education in this regard.
Reading Arabic Shallow and Deep Genres: Indispensible Variables to Science of Reading.

Most principles and propositions in the science of reading are derived from research on Latin orthographies, usually, in English while much less is known about Semitic orthographies, namely, Arabic. This study investigated the effect of vowels and type of genre on oral accuracy, oral rate, and oral comprehension in reading Arabic orthography. A convenience sample of 85 children (34 fifth male graders and 51 tenth male graders) was selected from two public schools in Saudi Arabia. The researcher developed two reading measures; the Fifth Grade Reading Measure and Tenth Grade Reading Measure. Each measure has two genres (informational and poetic) and two versions (shallow/vowelized and deep/unvowelized). Each child individually completed the two versions of the measure in his grade. The results revealed that the students read the shallow genres (informational and poetic) more accurately and with more comprehension but less rapidly than reading the deep genres. In addition, the students read the informational genre (shallow and deep) more accurately, rapidly, and with more comprehension than the poetic genre (shallow and deep). The discussion concludes that a) the nature of Arabic orthography, mainly vowels, is an indispensible variable to the literature of science of reading, b) oral reading accuracy, oral reading rate and oral reading comprehension are affected by the unique characteristics of the genre, and c) vowels in Arabic are important to improve oral reading accuracy, and oral reading comprehension for the first grades in primary school and later grades in secondary school as well.
Banking services supply and micro firm performance: evidence from Colombia

This paper uses a dataset of a survey of Colombian micro firms from 2003 to 2007 in combination with data from publicly available sources about banking services supply at the municipality level, to assess the impact of the availability of banking services on micro firms performance. We find a positive and statistically significant correlation between banking services supply targeted to micro firms and firm size measured by sales, firm labor productivity and firm capital to labor ratios, and a nil correlation with employment, suggesting improved access to credit has resulted in micro firmsÂ’ transit to more capitalintensive technologies. This result is robust to alternative empirical specifications. Also, policies to extend microcredit access to the smaller informal micro firms appear to have been successful in promoting their growth. Finally, microcredit availability at the local level does not appear to have a positive impact on formalization. On the contrary, more flexible requirements to access financing, seem to be a counter incentive for formalization.
A Survey on House Sparrow Population Decline at Bandel, West Bengal, India

The population of House sparrow (Passer domesticus), once a very common bird, has declined markedly in most parts of the world including India. Sparrows were distributed widely in the district Hoogly, West Bengal, India. However over the past few decades, they became not so common in this part of the world. A study has been conducted to establish the database for their current population and to assess the possible causes of their decline at Bandel (22 52'22''N/88 22'53''E) placed beside the river Hoogly from September 2008 to May 2009. After prolonged searching, a relatively dense population of sparrow (total subject 270) was found in busy areas of railway station and a nearby market in Bandel. The behavior of these birds was studied extensively from early morning to late night. The noise level of the area varied from 35 to 95 dB with an average of 70.6 dB from 04:30 am-10:30 pm, IST. It was also observed that the sparrows took rest on the site of the tree where the illumination level was low (30-45 lux). Sparrows residing at the Bandel station are habituated with the loud noise, being undisturbed by passing trains. Thus, it can be concluded that in spite of heavy noise of trains, crowdy travelers, and lack of nest sites, they remain at the station because of availability of food in the nearby roadside market. Based on this observation, sound pollution and availability of food are not responsible for their decline.
Humoral immune response of Swiss mice after immunization with E-selenium adjuvated and non-adjuvated locally prepared Vero-cell rabies vaccine

The immune response pattern of Swiss mice immunized intramuscularly using both E-selenium adjuvated and non-adjuvated locally prepared Vero-cell rabies vaccine was able to elicit antibody levels more than the WHO-recommended level of less than 0.5 IU/dose. Two different immunization regimes were applied, 5 single and 3 double doses. The antibodies developed against rabies vaccine could be detected 14 days after immunization using ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence. The highest antibody level was detected 10 to 12 wks after immunization using the 5-single-dose adjuvated vaccine, recording antibody levels of the order of 1/1024. The highest antibody levels using 3 double doses of adjuvated vaccine, or 5 single doses of non-adjuvated vaccine, recorded an antibody titre of the order of 1/512. maintained during the 8th to 10th wks post immunization. The lowest recorded IF antibody level was using 3 double doses of non-adjuvated vaccine, with an antibody titre of the order of 1/128 during the 8th week post immunization. The antibody levels developed in the sera of mice immunized with rabies vaccine, either adjuvated or non-adjuvated, whatever the regimen, was able to induce protection in mice against 100 LD50 of the challenge virus standard for at least 6 months. KEY WORDS: rabies vaccine, vitamin E, antibody, ELISA, immunofluorescent assay, Challenge Virus Standard. Egyptian Journal of Botany Vol.5 2003: 86-93
Preferences for Social Inclusion: Empirical Evidence from Juvenile Rehabilitation in Italy

Social inclusion is a multidimensional phenomenon that involves social, psychological, political, and economic aspects of individuals’ life. While social inclusion is a priority of the European Agenda 2020, little is known about individuals’ preferences for social inclusion and their determinants. We investigate factors affecting preferences for social inclusion using a stated preference survey on juvenile rehabilitation. We show that ideological inclinations, concerns about crime, and altruistic motives play a significant role in explaining preferences for the social inclusion of juvenile offenders.
Effects of Different Salt Concentrations on Quinoa Seedling Quality

The experiment designed a completely randomized experimental design was carried out Adnan Menderes University, Agriculture Faculties greenhouse. Quinoa variety candidate named “Saponinsiz” is used experimental material. The seeds were sowed in plastic pots filled with soil and perlite (%50+%50) at the greenhouse with six replicates. Five different salt concentrations were determined as 0 (control), 4 ds m -1 , 8 ds m -1 , 16 ds m -1 and 30 ds m -1 and were applied with NaCl solution which was prepared before sowing. Leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, stem thickness and green biomass weight values ​​ were measured when the quinoa plant reached 6 leaf stage. As a result of the study, it was observed that the differences between the salt concentrations in leaf number, leaf length, leaf width and green biomass weight were significant. The maximum leaf length (11.53 mm) was measured with 8 ds m -1 salt concentration applied plants, whereas the maximum leaf width (4.99 mm) and green biomass (1019.5 mg) were measured with 4 ds m -1 . The control plot only showed the highest values ​​ for the leaf number value. These results confirmed that the quinoa plant was facultative halophytic species (salt-resistant). It was determined that 16 ds m -1 dose gave the lowest values in all measurements. And any plant wasn’t growing at the 30 ds m -1 applied pots. The values of the experiment measured of 4 ds m -1 pots and 8 ds m -1 pots, which is considered the limit values for the field crops, were approximately equal or greater than control pots. Moreover, there was a rapid decline of plant on the 16 ds m -1 values.
Rarefaction throttling effect: Influence of the bend in micro-channel gaseous flow

Micro-bends are frequently encountered in micro-electro-mechanical systems as a basic unit of complex geometry. It is essential for a deep understanding of the rarefied gas flow through bent channels. In this paper, a two-dimensional pressure-driven gas flow in a micro-channel with two bends is investigated by solving the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook kinetic equation via the discrete velocity method in the slip and transition flow regimes. The results show that the mass flow rate (MFR) through the bent channel is slightly higher than that in the straight channel in the slip flow regime but drops significantly as the Knudsen number increases further. It is demonstrated that the increase in MFR is not due to the rarefaction effect but due to the increase in cross section of the bent corners. As the rarefaction effect becomes more prominent, the low-velocity zones at the corners expand and the gas flow is “squeezed” into the inner corner. The narrowed flow section is similar to the throttling effect caused by the valve, and both the changes in MFRs and the pressure distribution also confirm this effect. The classical Knudsen minimum changes due to this “rarefaction throttling effect. ” The Knudsen number at which the minimum MFR occurs gradually increases with the bend angle and finally disappears in the transition flow regime. In addition, the onset of rarefaction throttling effect shifts to a smaller Knudsen number with a lower tangential momentum accommodation coefficient.Micro-bends are frequently encountered in micro-electro-mechanical systems as a basic unit of complex geometry. It is essential for a deep understanding of the rarefied gas flow through bent channels. In this paper, a two-dimensional pressure-driven gas flow in a micro-channel with two bends is investigated by solving the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook kinetic equation via the discrete velocity method in the slip and transition flow regimes. The results show that the mass flow rate (MFR) through the bent channel is slightly higher than that in the straight channel in the slip flow regime but drops significantly as the Knudsen number increases further. It is demonstrated that the increase in MFR is not due to the rarefaction effect but due to the increase in cross section of the bent corners. As the rarefaction effect becomes more prominent, the low-velocity zones at the corners expand and the gas flow is “squeezed” into the inner corner. The narrowed flow section is similar to the throttling effect caused by the v.
Efficacy of Bacillus clausii and Saccharomyces boulardii in Treatment of Acute Rotaviral Diarrhea in Pediatric Patients

Diarrhea disease is considered as major health problem in developing countries. Rotavirus is the most common identifiable viral cause of diarrhea in all children and belongs to Reoviridae family. Rotavirus infection occasionally leads to severe dehydration in infants and children. The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of Bacillus clausii and Saccharomyces boulardii on the treatment of rotaviral diarrhea, and also to assess its effect on vomiting and fever in pediatric patients. This study conducted at Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad, India, from January 2016 until June 2016 and adopts prospective observational parallel study design. From 104 patients enrolled, 80 fulfilled inclusion criteria and 24 were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment. Group I patients were treated with Bacillus clausii and Group II patients were treated with Saccharomyces boulardii . Total mean duration of diarrhea was significantly shorter in Group II ( S. boulardii ) in comparison with Group I ( B. clausii ). S. boulardii significantly (p≤0.005) decreased the duration of diarrhea which is 25.2 hours over B. clausii . Both probiotic preparations were equal in efficacy on treating the vomiting and fever (p≥0.005). S. boulardii and B. clausii were well accepted.
Physiological response of Gerbera jamesonii L. cut flowers to the cola and peppermint essence.

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita) essence treatment (2000 mg L-1) and cola soft drink treatment separately and in combination with each other on the vase life and some physiological characteristics of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) cut flowers with factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Distilled water used as control. The results showed that all treatments significantly increased the vase life, solution absorption, petal carotenoids, flower diameter, relative fresh weight, and petal total soluble solids in comparison with control. The highest and the lowest vase life were obtained in the peppermint essence plus cola soft drink treatment (250 ml L -1) with 20.33 days and in the control with 9 days, respectively. The highest amounts of carotenoid, flower diameter, relative fresh weight, and total soluble solids were obtained in the peppermint essence plus cola soft drink treatment (250 ml L -1). The highest amounts of solution absorption were obtained in flowers treated with cola soft drink (250 ml L-1). In general, the results indicated that the peppermint essence as a safe and natural antimicrobial compound and the cola soft drink as a common drink having sugary and acid materials with easy access and being affordable could be used in gerbera cut flower preservative solution.
Effects of employees commitment on organizational performance at Arjo Didessa Sugar Factory

Presently, no organization can perform at peak levels unless each employee is committed to the organizations objectives. Hence, it is important to understand the concept of commitment and its feasible outcome. The employees in sugar industry play decisive role in transferring the theory to practical in order to enhance development of industry. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of employee commitment on performance of organization based on a case study of Arjo Didessa Sugar Factory. To attain this, the study determined factors that affect employee commitment in the study area and also attempted to identify the relationship and their effect between employees’ commitment, and factors affecting employee’s commitment, as well as the relationship and their effect between employees’ commitment models and organizational performance at Arjo Didessa Sugar Factory. The research is a cross-sectional study. 261 employees and four management members were selected as sample of the study. Standardized questionnaires were distributed, filled, and collected. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to process and analyze the data collected from the respondents through correlation; and regression analyses were performed to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Additionally, employees’ commitments were found to have effects on the organizational performance in the study area. Based on the regression results, employees’ commitments models have effects on performances for the organization at Arjo Didessa Sugar Factory. Thus, recommendations have been provided to increase commitment by designing motivational package, and establishing sustainable regular training program in the company. Key words: Employee’s commitment, organizational performance, motivation, training and development.
Age-related changes in the neural networks supporting semantic cognition

Semantic cognition is central to understanding of language and the world and, unlike many cognitive domains, is thought to show little age-related decline. We investigated age-related differences in the neural basis of this critical cognitive domain by performing an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies comparing young and older people. On average, young people outperformed their older counterparts during semantic tasks. Overall, both age groups activated similar left-lateralised regions. However, older adults displayed less activation than young people in some elements of the typical left-hemisphere semantic network, including inferior prefrontal, posterior temporal and inferior parietal cortex. They also showed greater activation in right frontal and parietal regions, particularly those held to be involved in domain-general controlled processing, and principally when they performed more poorly than the young. Thus, semantic processing in later life is associated with a shift from semantic-specific to domain-general neural resources, consistent with the theory of neural dedifferentiation, and a performance-related reduction in prefrontal lateralisation, which may reflect a response to increased task demands.
Perceived Risk of HIV Infection and Associated Factors among Secondary School Students in Wakiso District, Uganda

Introduction. HIV/AIDS remain a major public health problem in Uganda and 4% of individuals aged between 15 and 24 years are living with HIV. Few studies have examined HIV risk perception among adolescents in Uganda. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 379 secondary school students using multistage sampling techniques. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results. One hundred ninety-one (49.6%) of the respondents perceived themselves to be at risk of contracting HIV, 174 (45.9%) had ever had sex, and 139 (80.4%) had first sexual encounter at 16 years or less. Only 49% of respondents who had sex within 12 months used a condom. Being older than 17 years, knowing someone who died of HIV, early sexual debut, and having ever had sex were associated with perceived risk of contracting HIV. After multivariate analysis, knowledge of someone who died of HIV (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 16, 95% CI 1.49–171.97) remained statistically significant. Conclusion. Many secondary school students perceived themselves to be at risk of contracting HIV; this perception is associated with knowing someone who died of HIV/AIDS. There is a need to strengthen HIV risk reduction interventions in Wakiso secondary schools.
Effect of Using Polymer Buffer on Efficiency of Crude Oil Recovery by Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids have attracted attention in lowering the interfacial tension between oil and water. Several researches were conducted on these materials and possibility of using them in enhanced oil recovery. In this paper, the effect of using a polymer buffer behind a slug size of ionic liquid during flooding was investigated. Ionic liquid solution was prepared with suitable concentration and salinity. Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Polymer (HPAM) was used in preparing polymer solutions. Core flooding runs were performed using slug sizes of ionic liquid followed by polymer buffers having different slug sizes, polymer concentrations, salinities, temperatures and injection rates. The results showed that an injection of a polymer buffer after a slug size of ionic liquid increased the amount of the produced oil significantly. The larger polymer buffer slug size, the larger amount of produced oil. Increasing of salinity and injection rate greatly affect polymer efficiency in the improvement of oil recovery. Rising of polymer concentration may plug the pores and as a result, the amount of oil recovery is not a considerable. Although, increasing of temperature decreases oil viscosity and enhances ionic liquid efficiency, the temperature accelerates polymer thermal degradation and consequently lowers the ultimate oil recovery. High injection rate causes mechanical polymer degradation and displacing fluid bypass over oil, consequently low oil recovery can be obtained.