Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REASONS FOR AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRESENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS IN THE OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF BRAZILIAN COMPANIES

Using 3,057 observations from 2000 to 2012, we found the risk of expropriation of minority shareholders by controlling shareholders is positively associated with participation of institutional investors in equity funding. There is no evidence that these investors increase the likelihood of substituting the chief executive officer or increase the company’s value or its financial performance. However, the presence of institutional investors is associated with higher company debt. This study suggests that institutional investors assume a function not fully explained by agency theory, such as enabling greater access to debt markets, but accentuate the agency conflict between controlling and minority shareholders. The main results show that the presence of institutional investors mitigates agency conflicts between shareholders and creditors, but increases the risk of expropriation of minority shareholders.
NETWORK EFFECTS ON CASH-CARD SUBSTITUTION

We develop a Nash game on the adoption of a new EFTPOS (Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale) card payment media given cash is dispensed by a competitive ATM (Automated Teller Machine) network. Equilibrium conditions when cash and card use coexist entail a specific relationship between the card network coverage parameter (7rk) and the proportion (co) of cash financed expenditures. We derive a payments innovation technology constrained transactions demand for money which is highly interest rate sensitive in low interest rate regimes. Data on cash-card use in the UK (1990-97) is used to calibrate the model. In small payments technology which operates in a highly decentralised way, cash has dominated as the means of payment in retail expenditures. This is primarily because till the advent of the EFTPOS (Electronic Fund Transfers at Point of Sale) all paper based non-cash payment instruments posed an additional cost of verifying cash balances of the payor' and methods of guaranteeing payment have been too costly relative to the value of the trade. In contrast, the electronic networks that link points of sale in the retail sector directly to bank balances of customers has drastically reduced costs in payment guarantees. Preceding the growth of networks in EFTPOS, the banking system had revolutionised cash dispensation via Automated Teller Machine (ATM) networks that enhanced the convenience yield of cash by increasing its accessibility to point of use. This also set in motion the irreversible trend in lowering labour costs of many banking services and other production costs to monetary services from economies of scale (Walker, 1978; Revell, 1983). Further, the opportunity cost of holding cash has increased with the
Synthetic biology in plastids.

Plastids (chloroplasts) harbor a small gene-dense genome that is amenable to genetic manipulation by transformation. During 1 billion years of evolution from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont to present-day chloroplasts, the plastid genome has undergone a dramatic size reduction, mainly as a result of gene losses and the large-scale transfer of genes to the nuclear genome. Thus the plastid genome can be regarded as a naturally evolved miniature genome, the gradual size reduction and compaction of which has provided a blueprint for the design of minimum genomes. Furthermore, because of the largely prokaryotic genome structure and gene expression machinery, the high transgene expression levels attainable in transgenic chloroplasts and the very low production costs in plant systems, the chloroplast lends itself to synthetic biology applications that are directed towards the efficient synthesis of green chemicals, biopharmaceuticals and other metabolites of commercial interest. This review describes recent progress with the engineering of plastid genomes with large constructs of foreign or synthetic DNA, and highlights the potential of the chloroplast as a model system in bottom-up and top-down synthetic biology approaches.
Cognitive-Behavioral Group Treatment for Men Voluntarily Seeking Help for Violence towards Their Intimate Partners: The Impact of Treatment Components 4 - 7 Years after Therapy

Background: Even though domestic violence is a major problem, only a few studies have examined the long term sustainability of treatment for men who voluntarily seek help to stop their violent behavior towards intimate partners. Women are exposed to a much greater degree of serious violence and sexual abuse compared to men. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify which elements of the treatment program batterers found most useful four to seven years after program completion. Design: The participants consisted of a sample of men who had gone through anger management therapy four to seven years previously. Data on violence were collected through self-report before and four to seven years after treatment, using a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scales. Results: The decrease in physical violence was statistically significant: t (36) = 8.43, p < 0.001 with a large effect size (eta squared = 0.66). Psychological violence also decreased significantly: t (36) = 9.21, p < 0.001 with a large effect size (eta squared = 0.7). The results indicate that the most important anger management techniques were extensively applied in former patients of the anger management treatment program. In total, about two out of three patients still used the techniques after ending treatment four to seven years earlier.
Effect of Quality and Price on Customer Satisfaction and Commitment in Iran Auto Industry

Iran’s auto industry is the second largest industry in Iran after oil and gas. Currently, Iran’s auto industry is the 12th largest industry in the world and the largest in the Middle-East. This indicates the important potential of Iran auto industry. Industry success is dependent on customers’ satisfaction and commitment. Marketing academicians and industry executives considered customers’ satisfaction and commitment as an organizational valuable asset. Commonly, researchers are agreed that satisfaction and commitment are the main issues for creating and maintaining relationships with customers. This paper aims to examine which factors influence customers’ satisfaction and customers’ commitment in Iran’s auto industry. A conceptual model of satisfaction and commitment in Iran’s auto industry is proposed in which quality and price of product affect satisfaction and commitment through the mediating role of relationship quality. This conceptual model may provide great perspective for Iranian researchers in the field of marketing.
Do Experts Incorporate Statistical Model Forecasts and Should They?

Experts can rely on statistical model forecasts when creating their own forecasts. Usually it is not known what experts actually do. In this paper we focus on three questions, which we try to answer given the availability of expert forecasts and model forecasts. First, is the expert forecast related to the model forecast and how? Second, how is this potential relation influenced by other factors? Third, how does this relation influence forecast accuracy? We propose a new and innovative two-level Hierarchical Bayes model to answer these questions. We apply our proposed methodology to a large data set of forecasts and realizations of SKU-level sales data from a pharmaceutical company. We find that expert forecasts can depend on model forecasts in a variety of ways. Average sales levels, sales volatility, and the forecast horizon influence this dependence. We also demonstrate that theoretical implications of expert behavior on forecast accuracy are reflected in the empirical data.
Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipids on human monocyte‐derived macrophages

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major opportunistic gram‐negative pathogen, produces and secretes two heat‐stable hemolytic glycolipids, a monorhamnolipid and a dirhamnolipid. In this paper a simplified method for the isolation of these rhamnolipids is described. The effect of these two rhamnolipids, both together and individually, on the viability and structural morphology of human monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) was examined. These cells were found to be very susceptible to the cytolytic activity of the rhamnolipids, particularly the dirhamnolipid. The monorhamnolipid, although not as cytolytic as the dirhamnolipid, caused extensive blebbing of the MDM plasma membrane. Comparison studies with several detergents confirmed the different yet distinct detergent‐like activity of each rhamnolipid form. At sublethal doses, the rhamnolipids produced marked cellular distortions of the MDMs and inhibited the ability of these cells to bind and/or ingest preopsonized bacteria. The potential mechanism of action of these rhamnolipids on the MDM membranes is discussed, as well as the possible significance of these extracellular bacterial glycolipids as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa.
Posttreatment Changes in Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Susceptibility Rates among Diarrheic Patients Treated with Ciprofloxacin

ABSTRACT Changes in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli among deployed U.S. military personnel being treated for diarrhea were evaluated. Stool samples were collected pretreatment and on days 7, 14, and 28 posttreatment. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was noted in 13.3% of baseline specimens, and rates of resistance against multiple antibiotics increased dramatically from baseline to day 7 and then tapered off to return to pretreatment levels by day 28, except for ciprofloxacin, suggesting that population accumulative usage of fluoroquinolones may result in an incremental increase in resistance rates.
Morphological arrangement of the coronary vasculature in a shark (Squalus sucklei) and a teleost (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The coronary circulation is of great importance in maintaining cardiovascular function and consequently it has been extensively studied in many mammalian species. However, much less attention has been paid to the coronary circulation in other vertebrates. For example, while elasmobranch fishes are of special interest as they are the most ancient lineage of vertebrates to possess a coronary circulation, only qualitative studies exist on their coronary circulation and most concern the architecture of the large arteries. Our study tested the prediction that the coronary circulation of sharks is better developed than previously thought. However, to test this idea, a methodology was needed to quantify vascularity, vessel morphology and oxygen diffusion distances in a heart with predominantly spongy myocardium. Here, we describe this methodology using dogfish and rainbow trout and suggest that the dogfish spongy myocardium appears to rely predominantly on the coronary circulation for its oxygen supply, an arrangement that contrasts with the spongy myocardial tissue of rainbow trout. In support of this suggestion, the density of the microvasculature of the spongy myocardial tissue of dogfish exceeded that of their compact tissue. Although vascularity in the compact myocardium of dogfish was significantly lower than trout, intervascular distances were similar on account of a significantly larger vessel diameter in dogfish, which corresponds to a larger red blood cell size of the dogfish when compared to trout. J. Morphol. 277:896–905, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between the Average Disclosure of Human Resource Accounting Information and Firm Value

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the average disclosure of Human Resource Accounting Information and Firm Value. The sample companies which have chosen by researcher in this study are 10 listed companies in India. The researcher has found out ONGC, NTPC, BHEL, IOC, SAIL, HPCL, BPCL, HCL, INFOSYS Ltd, and ROLTA INDIA Ltd are TEN listed organizations on the BSE-500 Index which are practicing HRA. The study takes into consider 7 financial reporting years; 2005-2006 to 2011-12.Descriptive statistical analysis using correlation, simple linear regression, and Adjusted R 2 were provided in charts and graphs for each and all human resource accounting information disclosed in the financial reports and firm value data extracted from the financial reports. This study indicates that the firm value is positively affected by the average disclosure of human resource accounting information at selected companies listed in Bombay Stock Exchange.
Acquired Mls-la-like Clonal Deletion in MIs-1 b Mice

Sllmmal'y BALB/c mice (H-2 d, Mls-1 b) from one colony progressively modify their T cell repertoire during aging, by deleting T cells that express products of the V~6 and V~8.1 genes of the T cell receptor. Clonal deletion occurs only in 50% of mice between 27 and 43 wk of age, affecting thymus, spleen, and lymph node T cells. The phenomenon is progressive and seems to affect nearly all thymuses between 14 and 19 wk of age. CD4+CD8 mature T cells are more affected than CD4-CD8 + cells. In the thymus, deletion occurs at the stage of immature Jl ld + cells expressing a high level of V~6, while J11d + VB61~ cells are not modified. Clonal deletion is thus an early phenomenon that deletes cells of the immature generative compartment in the thymus. This Mls-l~-like clonal deletion is associated neither with the expression of an Mls-P-like antigen that could be identified in mixed lymphocyte reaction in vitro, nor with the presence of Mtv-7, the endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) proviral loci. Spleen cells, bone marrow cells, and total thymocytes injected into newborn thymuses cannot induce VB6 + cell deletion. However, newborn thymuses grafted into old ItALB/c mice behave like their recipients, suggesting that a new antigen, present in these old BALB/c mice, is indeed able to induce an Mls-l~-like clonal deletion. As other BALB/c colonies tested do not behave in the same way, the hypothesis of a new exogenous deleting factor rather than a genetic transmission is likely. This may suggest that acquired clonal deletion is a more common phenomenon than expected, and may be the spontaneous reaction of the immune system to the introduction of a new retrovirns or other superantigen.
Management conflict in venture capital financing: A study on the Malaysian venture capital companies

The increasing complexity of managing venture business has made it necessary for Malaysian venture capitalists to develop cordial relationships with the entrepreneurs in order to achieve mutual goal.However, the warm venture cooperation built between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs may still be interrupted by management conflict which occurred due to various managerial factors. Thus, conflict becomes one of the major barriers that may prevent both venture capitalists and entrepreneurs from creating successful venture business.As a result, this study investigates the management conflict in venture capital investments and the possible resolutions for the conflict.Due to this, a cross-sectional study of questionnaire survey research design was conducted in this respect.Questionnaire data were generated from 35 Malaysian venture capital companies located in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The questionnaires were distributed through mailing procedure.Overall, the findings indicate that the managerial factors significantly influence the management conflict.Further results show that managerial factors which consist of Deal Origination and Screening (DOS), Evaluating Venture Proposal (EVP), Contracting and Deal Structuring (CDS), Monitoring and Post Investment Activities (MPI) and Risk Management (RM) significantly influence the management conflict in venture cooperation.Based on the findings, it is inferred that managerial factors does influence the occurrence of management conflict in venture cooperation. Thus, the study recommends that Malaysian venture capitalists, which includes policy makers, to give more consideration to the managerial factors in order to reduce the possibility of conflict to occur.Finally, both the theoretical and practical implications are duly presented as well as that of the limitations of the study and suggestions for future study are included in this regard.
Bacterial spot - worldwide distribution, importance and review.

Bacterial spot disease on tomato is a major problem in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates. Variation within this organism has been well documented. Two distinct groups, i.e., A and B, were identified in the early 1990s based on phenotypic and genotypic tests. These two groups were determined to be distributed widely throughout the world. The two groups were placed in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and X. vesicatoria, respectively in 1995. Following the identification of these two groups, two additional groups, C and D, have been identified that are pathogenic to pepper, tomato, or both hosts. The C group was originally isolated in 1991 and has more recently been found in many tomato production regions in the United States and in Mexico. Group D strains originally isolated in Costa Rica were determined to be closely related to X. gardneri, isolated by Sutic in Yugoslavia in 1957. The group D strains have been identified more recently in Michigan and in Brazil. Based on DNA homology experiments the C and D strains were determined to have less than 70% DNA similarity with strains from the other groups, with the type strain of X. axonopodis, and with the currently classified species within Xanthomonas. We have proposed that the C group strains be designated X. perforator sp. nov. and that the D group strains, which had less than 70% DNA similarity with any of the Xanthomonas species and which never had taxonomic status be named X. gardneri to reflect the specific epithet proposed by Sutic in 1957. Tomato races designated T1 (group A strains), T2 (group B strains) and T3 (group C strains) have been identified based on differential reactions with a group of tomato genotypes. Recently, two new races, T4 and T2, were identified in Florida. These races are group C strains with mutations in the avrXv3 and the avrXv3 and avrXv4, respectively.
Treatment of dyspnoea in advanced cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Dyspnoea is a frequent symptom in advanced cancer patients with the highest prevalence in lung cancer (up to 74%) increasing in the terminal phase (up to 80%) with major impact on the quality of life of the patient, his or her family, as well as the caregivers [1–5]. Patients describe dyspnoea as suffocating, choking or tightness of breath. Qualitative data have shown that the symptom can be described along three dimensions:
Hepatitis E virus: neutralizing sites, diagnosis, and protective immunity

There have been increased attentions on HEV and its associated diseases in recent years as a result of an increased number of reports on autochthonous patients from many developed countries. Vaccine development and better disease management are expected from protective immunity with increased knowledge on the pathogenesis and virology of HEV. This review summarizes the current understanding of the HEV virology, the key neutralization sites (epitopes) on the surface of the viral capsid, the host humoral immune responses for HEV infection, and the protective immunity conferred by natural infection and vaccination. Recombinant VLPs were prepared to mimic the protective and neutralizing epitopes on the virion surface, thus being capable of eliciting protective immunity when injected to nonhuman primates or human volunteers during preclinical tests and clinical trials. Four markers—viral RNA, anti‐HEV IgM, anti‐HEV IgG, and low avidity of anti‐HEV IgG—are important in the diagnosis of HEV infection, particularly for patients presenting with acute hepatitis symptoms. This toolbox of genomic and immunological assays is valuable in furthering our understanding of the time course of HEV infection and the subsequent hepatitis during preclinical and clinical development of an efficacious vaccine. Two vaccine candidates had shown good tolerability, high immunogenicity, and high efficacy against symptomatic and/or asymptomatic HEV infection. One of them has been licensed in China recently. However, many issues need to be resolved before new technological progresses can benefit the people who need them most. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression profile and genome location of cDNA clones from an infant human trabecular meshwork cell library.

PURPOSE To delineate the profile of genes expressed in infant human trabecular meshwork and identify candidate genes for glaucoma. METHODS Human trabecular meshwork cell cultures were established from six young donors. A cDNA library was made from the combined trabecular meshwork mRNA. The end-sequence of random clones was determined by direct sequencing. These sequences were then analyzed by a National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, Bethesda, MD) database search. Nucleotide searches were performed using the BLASTN (ver. 2.1.3; against the nonredundant nucleic acid sequence) and dbEST databases (both provided by NCBI in the public domain at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). RESULTS Sequences from 1118 clones from this nonamplified trabecular meshwork cDNA library were categorized. Of these, 877 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (78.7%) were known genes. One hundred thirty-nine ESTs (12.5%) showed close identity to EST sequences reported in the public domain database (dbEST). Thirteen ESTs (1.2%) showed no significant similarity to known genes or ESTs in the public databases and were thus defined as novel ESTs. The most abundant genes expressed by the human trabecular meshwork included ferritin H, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1-alpha, ferritin L, fibronectin, and TIMP-1. Ferritin H was the most abundant transcript, making up more than 4% of the genes expressed by the human trabecular meshwork. Extracellular matrix proteins were also highly expressed. The chromosome location of the trabecular meshwork ESTs is reported. CONCLUSIONS A profile of genes expressed by human trabecular meshwork is presented. Thirteen novel ESTs were identified. The combined information obtained from expression analysis and chromosomal localization of trabecular meshwork cDNAs should be valuable in identifying candidate genes for glaucoma.
Revision arthroplasty: a high price to pay.

Revue des couts des re-interventions apres arthroplasties de la hanche ou du genou. Les durees d'hospitalisation et les traitements (antibiotiques, chirurgie) sont couteux. Mieux vaudrait une premiere intervention efficace
An improvement of route duration in WSAN based on nodes' mobility and RSS

Although several theoretical models for links and routes selection have been proposed in the literature, little effort has been made to apply them to routing protocols. In this paper a decision tree has been incorporated into the routing protocol in order to select the most long-lived routes. The decision tree is based on several assumptions which take into account the most relevant parameters considered by the theoretical models, such as distance between nodes, relative speed, and nodes' directions. The proposed approach has been implemented over a reactive routing protocol as Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) to obtain performance results using Network Simulator 2 simulation tool. The performance of the proposed approach has been compared with the traditional AODV implementation in terms of path duration.