Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Complications in Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction With Medpor

AbstractBone reconstruction in craniofacial surgery is a challenge for surgeons, who most commonly adopt the autogenous bone grafting and alloplastic implants in such procedures. Among the alloplastic materials, the high-density porous polyethylene is highlighted—Medpor (Medpor, Porex Surgical Inc, Newman, GA), considered to be pure polyethylene, with only 1 manufacturing process and standard pore size. The purpose of the current study has been to present through a review of literature and the types of complications derived from the use of Medpor in craniomaxillofacial bone surgery. A specific and sensitive database was initially created via PubMed, focusing on studies published in English peer-reviewed journals between 2004 and 2014, including case reports, experimental studies in humans, and prospective and retrospective studies. Forty articles were found at PubMed database. After analyzing their abstracts, 19 were selected, totaling 1453 patients and 121 complications, being the most commonly reported diplopia with 56 patients and infection with 6 patients. Most of the complications reported in the articles used for the development of the current review are not directly related to the use of the Medpor implant. The only complications directly related to the use of this biomaterial were cases of infection.
When mom has a mental illness: role reversal and psychosocial adjustment among emerging adults.

OBJECTIVE Guided by a life course perspective, the present study examined whether aspects of the emerging adult-mother relationship, specifically affection, felt obligation, role reversal, and reciprocity, mediated the association between having a mother with mental illness and poorer psychological adjustment. METHOD Emerging adults with mothers with mental illness (n = 52) and emerging adults without mothers with mental illness (n = 64) were recruited from institutes of higher education and responded to an online self-report questionnaire. Most participants (81%) were female. RESULTS Results from multiple mediation analyses indicated a history of parent-child role reversal mediated the association between having a mother with mental illness and emerging adults' psychological symptoms. None of the assessed aspects of the emerging adult-mother relationship mediated the association between maternal mental illness and emerging adults' psychological well-being, but having divorced parents and being older was associated with lower levels of psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate role reversal contributes to emerging adults' psychological symptoms. Assessment of a history of role reversal may be relevant to clinical practice with emerging adults, particularly those with mothers with mental illness. Life course perspectives can inform future studies of emerging adults with mothers with mental illness.
Testing three different sequential mediational interpretations of Beck's cognitive model of the development of depression.

OBJECTIVES This study tested and compared three sequential interpretations of Beck's cognitive model of the development of depression (1996). The causal mediational interpretation identifies dysfunctional attitudes as most distal to depressive symptoms, followed by cognitive distortions, the cognitive triad, and negative automatic thoughts, with each construct successively more proximal to depressive symptoms. By contrast, the symptom model reverses the causal chain with negative automatic thoughts as the most proximal consequence and dysfunctional attitudes as the most distal consequence of depression. The bidirectional model merges both interpretations into one model. Previous studies on sequential interpretations of Beck's model have not included cognitive distortions or the cognitive triad and did not test the bidirectional model finding contradictory empirical evidence for the sequential order. METHOD In the 3-wave longitudinal study, 308 German university students without clinically significant depressive symptoms (245 female, average age: 23.69 years) completed self-report questionnaires measuring their dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive distortions, cognitive triad, negative automatic thoughts, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The bidirectional model with partial mediation fit the data best and cognitive distortions mediated the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and negative automatic thoughts and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS The findings have important consequences for the prevention of depression. Prevention programs may want to focus on cognitive distortions, the only construct in Beck's model that influences every other construct in the model.
Co-occurring eating and psychiatric symptoms in Taiwanese college students: effects of gender and parental factors.

OBJECTIVE To test whether gender and parental factors moderate the relationships between symptoms of eating disorder (ED) and other psychiatric symptoms. METHODS A total of 5,015 new entrants completed several questionnaires and 541 individuals with ED symptoms were identified by the Adult Self-Report Inventory-4 that assessed a wide range of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition psychopathology. The participants also reported on their parents' attitude toward them before their ages of 16. RESULTS ED symptoms, female gender, less parental care, and more parental protection were associated with more severe co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. Gender and parental factors also demonstrated differential moderating effects on the relationships between ED and co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Parenting counseling may be individualized to young adults with ED symptoms and different co-occurring psychiatric symptoms.
Correlation of structure and mechanical response in solid-like polymers

Employing large scale molecular dynamics simulations, we measure the uniaxial tensile response of amorphous and semicrystalline states of a coarse-grained PVA bead-spring model. The response beyond the elastic limit encompasses strain-softening and strain-hardening regimes. To understand the underlying mechanisms of plastic deformation, we analyse conformational and structural changes of polymers. In particular, we characterise the volume distribution of crystalline domains along the stress–strain curve. The strain-softening regime in semicrystalline samples is dominated by deformation of crystalline parts, while strain-hardening involves unfolding and alignment of chains in both amorphous and crystalline parts. Comparing the tensile response of semicrystalline and amorphous polymers, we find similar conformations of polymers for both systems in the strain-hardening regime.
Moral injury, meaning making, and mental health in returning veterans.

OBJECTIVE This study examined whether exposure to morally injurious experiences (MIEs) contribute to mental health problems among returning Veterans via meaning made of possible traumas. METHOD A total of 131 Iraq and/or Afghanistan Veterans completed assessments of exposure to possible warzone traumas, meaning made of a salient stressor from their lives, and mental health symptomatology (e.g., posttraumatic stress, depression, suicidality). RESULTS Structural equation modeling findings revealed that MIEs were indirectly linked with mental health outcomes via the extent to which Veterans were able to make meaning of their identified stressors. However, we also found that the direct path from MIEs to mental health problems was statistically significant. CONCLUSION These findings provide preliminary evidence that difficulties with meaning making could serve as a mediating pathway for how MIEs increase the risk for adjustment problems after warzone service, but that other factors associated with moral injury also have a bearing on psychological functioning among Veterans.
A randomized trial comparing radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy with Geftinib in locally advance oral cavity cancer

Background: Concurrent chemo radiation is the current standard of care in locally advanced head and neck cancer, but in our set-up, all patients cannot be admitted for chemotherapy or cannot tolerate chemo radiation, or do not want surgery and/or surgery is not possible. The present study was planned to compare the efficacy of concomitantly administered Gefitinib with radiation therapy and radiation alone in locally advanced oral cavity cancer that are not fit or able to tolerate concurrent chemotherapy. Material and Methods: This was a single center, nonstratified, single blind, nonplacebo-controlled, parallel group intervention study with imbalanced randomization performed at our institute. Adult patients aged 40-65 years, male or female, irrespective of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status, Karnofsky scale score more than 70, biopsy-proven SCC, locally advance oral cavity cancer, normal hematology parameters, renal function and liver function tests for normal before recruitment were enrolled in the study. Exclusion criteria were patients who were previously treated with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy (RT). Arm1 include only RT, whereas arm 2 includes Gefitinib with RT. Results: Sixty patients were included in the study, 30 in each arm. In Gefitinib plus RT arm, complete response was seen in 18 patients (60%), in only RT arm, complete response was seen in 10 patients (33.33%). There was no significant difference in acute toxicities and late toxicities. Conclusion: This study shows significant response to treatment and improvement in the Gefitinib plus RT as compared with RT alone. However, the findings of this study need to be confirmed by a study with a larger group of patients and a longer period of follow-up.
Two Different Concentrations of Ketofol for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Closed Reduction of Nasal Fracture

Objectives:Ketofol is a mixture of propofol and ketamine in various concentrations. It is accepted as a suitable combination in procedural sedation and analgesia. The mixture of propofol and ketamine with different respiratory and hemodynamic effects may result in fewer dose-related side effects and a probable synergistic effect. This study was designed to compare the adverse effects and quality of analgesia of 2 different intravenous concentrations of ketofol in patients undergoing closed reduction of the nose. Methods:This randomized double-blinded study was conducted on 100 patients who underwent closed reduction of nose. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 50, and received either a combination of propofol/ketamine (1:1) (Group I) or propofol/ketamine (3:1) (Group II). Hemodynamic changes, including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and O2sat, and side effects such as hallucination, vomiting, coughing and apnea, were recorded. Results:Data analysis showed that the demographic characteristics (age, height, and weight) were similar in 2 groups, and there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. There was no significant hemodynamic change between both groups. However, there was a decrease in hallucination and vomiting in the group that received higher concentration of ketofol (ketamine/propofol of 1:3). Conclusion:There was no significant hemodynamic change between both groups that received concentrations of 1:1 and 3:1 propofol /ketamine. However, there was a reduction in hallucination, vomiting, and recovery duration in the group that received higher concentration of propofol. In conclusion, increasing the concentration of propofol can be useful with fewer side effects and lower duration of recovery.
Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness predict excessive reassurance seeking among clinical outpatients.

OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate whether perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (i.e., suicide risk factors) were associated with excessive reassurance seeking (a behavior linked to rejection). It was predicted that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness would predict higher levels of excessive reassurance seeking, controlling for depressive symptoms and global functioning. METHOD A cross-sectional sample of 415 clinical outpatients (62% female; mean age = 28) was examined. RESULTS Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness significantly predicted excessive reassurance seeking, controlling for depressive symptoms and global functioning. CONCLUSIONS Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness predicted excessive reassurance seeking, suggesting that it would be beneficial for clinicians to assess for and target excessive reassurance seeking among individuals experiencing perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness so that excessive reassurance seeking does not elicit interpersonal rejection.
Normative Data on the Beck Depression Inventory--Second Edition (BDI-II) in College Students.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to provide normative data on the Beck Depression Inventory--Second Edition (BDI-II) in college students. METHOD Data were obtained from 15,233 college students drawn from 17 universities in the United States, weighted to match the gender and race/ethnicity of enrollment in degree-granting institutions. RESULTS Descriptive statistics, point prevalence of individuals exceeding cutoff scores, and mean differences by gender and race/ethnicity were provided. Because the distribution of BDI-II scores was not normal, percentile ranks for raw scores were provided for the total sample and separately by gender and race/ethnicity for the total sample and by race/ethnicity for men and women. Normative data were used to calculate the Reliable Change Index on the BDI-II for college students. CONCLUSION Because the distribution of BDI-II scores demonstrated significant skewness and non-normal kurtosis, percentile ranks are important to consider in interpreting scores on the measure, in addition to descriptive statistics.
A Cephalometric Analysis on Magnitudes and Shape of Sella Turcica

AbstractFamiliarity with the shape and dimensions of sella turcica is important to recognize and manage pathological conditions of pituitary gland as well as for orthodontic treatment planning. The present study aims to describe the morphology and dimensions of sella turcica from Indian population, using lateral cephalograms to set a reference data for comparison among different races. The study used 36 lateral skull radiographs of both sexes between age group of 13 to 18 years. Shape of sella turcica was noted by visual inspection. Length, height anterior, height median, height posterior, distance between frontonasal suture and mental spine to midpoint of posterior clinoid process, and tuberculum sella were measured using digital vernier caliper with reference to Frankfort line. The results of the study revealed that mean length, height anterior, height median, height posterior were larger in females than in males. The morphological types identified include pointed posterior clinoid process with rounded hypophyseal fossa, hooked posterior clinoid process with rounded hypophyseal fossa, hooked posterior clinoid process with flask-shaped hypophyseal fossa. These observations would be beneficial for the clinicians and orthodontists to design treatment planning in pathology of pituitary gland and in correcting dentofacial anomalies.
Improved Clinical Functioning for Patients Receiving Fee Discounts That Reward Treatment Engagement.

OBJECTIVE Financial incentives may have utility in promoting psychotherapy attendance and adherence, leading to improved clinical functioning. This study presents results from a novel application of financial incentives-a progressively lowered pay scale that rewards therapy attendance and adherence. METHOD Overall, 110 outpatients participated; 56 patients (51%) were enrolled in the financial incentives condition and received a 5% fee discount-applied iteratively across sessions-if they followed defined criteria (e.g., completed homework). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of the number of sessions attended, therapy duration, and number of no-shows and cancellations. However, adjusting for Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) at intake, patients receiving the financial incentives had significantly higher GAF rating at termination compared with those who did not receive the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Financial incentives that reward therapy attendance and adherence with discounted fees is associated with improved clinical functioning.
Developing Ecosystem Health Indicators in Centro Habana: A Community‐based Approach

A set of interventions was undertaken between 1995 and 1999 to improve the quality of life and human health in Cayo Hueso, an inner city community in Central Havana. The municipality and community organizations contacted the agency responsible for public and environmental health in Cuba (INHEM) to evaluate whether these improvements were as effective and efficient as possible, so as to assist in planning further interventions in this and other communities. With the aid of international researchers, an effort was made to strengthen the community's capacity to apply an ecosystem health approach, adapting the analytical framework (DPSEEA: driving force–pressure–state–exposure–effects–action) developed for this purpose by the World Health Organization. A series of workshops and focus groups with community representatives and researchers was conducted in late 1999 and early 2000 to develop appropriate indicators for the analysis. Interventions were grouped into those relating to improved housing, the physical community infrastructure (e.g., water, sewage, street lights), and the socio-cultural environment (e.g., programs for youths and seniors). The DPSEEA framework was embraced by the community and used to define indicators at the individual, household, and neighborhood levels; the community-researcher team then collectively elaborated the methodology to obtain the needed information. Data collection is now underway with the process having triggered a series of new partnerships, including other communities (comparison groups) now eager to learn from the Cayo Hueso interventions. With the capacity to apply this approach strengthened, the community is preparing to use the results of the analyses to set new priorities and pursue longer-term ecosystem health interventions.
Unhealthy dependency in victims and perpetrators of child maltreatment: A meta-analytic review.

OBJECTIVE Theoretical conceptualizations of interpersonal dependency and dependent personality disorder suggest that (a) high levels of dependency in parents may increase risk for perpetration of child abuse and neglect and (b) children who are victimized may show elevated levels of dependency later in life. This study used meta-analytic techniques to examine these hypothesized links. METHOD A systematic search of psychological and medical online databases revealed 14 published studies (21 effect sizes) examining the link between parental dependency and perpetration of abuse or neglect (overall N of perpetrators = 1,321), and 14 published studies (25 effect sizes) assessing dependency in victims of child abuse and neglect (overall N of victims = 38,265). RESULTS The dependency-abuse effect size (d) for perpetrators collapsed across all moderating variables was 0.36, which is considered to be in the medium range. The dependency-victimization effect size (d) collapsed across all moderating variables was 0.29, also a medium effect size. CONCLUSION These results support and extend analyses of the relationship between dependency and child maltreatment, and suggest that dependency may be both a precipitant of child maltreatment and consequence of victimization. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed, with suggestions for further research outlined.
Manipulating the orientation of an organic adsorbate on silicon: a NEXAFS study of acetophenone on Si(0 0 1)

We investigate the chemical and structural configuration of acetophenone on Si(0 0 1) using synchrotron radiation core-level spectroscopy techniques and density functional theory calculations. Samples were prepared by vapour phase dosing of clean Si(0 0 1) surfaces with acetophenone in ultrahigh vacuum. Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were made at room temperature as a function of coverage density and post-deposition anneal temperature. We show that the dominant room temperature adsorption structure lies flat on the substrate, while moderate thermal annealing induces the breaking of Si-C bonds between the phenyl ring and the surface resulting in the reorientation of the adsorbate into an upright configuration.
Hybridization and the build‐up of genomic divergence during speciation

Abbott et al. (2013) extensively review our understanding of the roles of hybridization in speciation. The topic is discussed in terms of both the homogenizing effects hybridization may have impeding population divergence (e.g. Hendry et al., 2001; Taylor et al., 2006; Seehausen et al., 2008) and its creative potential for generating new biodiversity via the production of novel genotypes/phenotypes (e.g. Rieseberg et al., 2003; Seehausen, 2004). It is the latter topic that is the focus of the review and is an aspect of hybridization that is garnering increased attention and acceptance in recent years, not just in plants, but also in animals. As the creative aspects of hybridization are admirably covered in Abbott et al.’s (2013) study, we instead concentrate on the conditions under which the homogenizing effects of hybridization can be overcome to result in population divergence. This is a fundamental question regardless of the source of variation underlying divergence or the geographical mode of differentiation (initial differentiation in allopatry, parapatry or sympatry). The term ‘speciation-with-gene-flow’ circumscribes the issue and focuses attention on whether at a given level of hybridization – usually defined in terms of the gross migration rate (m) – it is possible for increased reproductive isolation to evolve. From this perspective, speciation-with-gene-flow reduces emphasis on how populations initially evolved to reach a level of reduced m and instead focuses on whether they will diverge further, remain at an equilibrium state, or reverse course and fuse.
Transcriptional profiling defines the roles of ERK and p38 kinases in epidermal keratinocytes

Epidermal keratinocytes respond to extracellular influences by activating cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways that change gene expression. Using pathway‐specific transcriptional profiling, we identified the genes regulated by two such pathways, p38 and ERK. These pathways are at the fulcrum of epidermal differentiation, proliferative and inflammatory skin diseases. We used SB203580 and PD98059 as specific inhibitors and Affymetrix Hu133Av2 microarrays, to identify the genes regulated after 1, 4, 24, and 48 h and compared them to genes regulated by JNK. Unexpectedly, inhibition of MAPK pathways is compensated by activation of the NFκB pathway and suppression of the DUSP enzymes. Both pathways promote epidermal differentiation; however, there is a surprising disconnect between the expression of steroid synthesis enzymes and differentiation markers. The p38 pathway induces the expression of extracellular matrix and proliferation‐associated genes, while suppressing microtubule‐associated genes. The ERK pathway induces nuclear envelope and mRNA splicing proteins, while suppressing steroid synthesis and mitochondrial energy production enzymes. Transcription factors SRY, c‐FOS, and N‐Myc are the principal targets of the p38 pathway, Elk‐1 SAP1 and HLH2 of ERK, while FREAC‐4, ARNT and USF are shared. The results suggest a list of targets potentially useful in therapeutic interventions in cutaneous diseases and wound healing. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 292–308, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.