Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self‐organized vegetation patterning as a fingerprint of climate and human impact on semi‐arid ecosystems

1 Spatially periodic vegetation patterns are well known in arid and semi‐arid regions around the world. 2 Mathematical models have been developed that attribute this phenomenon to a symmetry‐breaking instability. Such models are based on the interplay between competitive and facilitative influences that the vegetation exerts on its own dynamics when it is constrained by arid conditions, but evidence for these predictions is still lacking. Moreover, not all models can account for the development of regularly spaced spots of bare ground in the absence of a soil prepattern. 3 We applied Fourier analysis to high‐resolution, remotely sensed data taken at either end of a 40‐year interval in southern Niger. Statistical comparisons based on this textural characterization gave us broad‐scale evidence that the decrease in rainfall over recent decades in the sub‐Saharan Sahel has been accompanied by a detectable shift from homogeneous vegetation cover to spotted patterns marked by a spatial frequency of about 20 cycles km−1. 4 Wood cutting and grazing by domestic animals have led to a much more marked transition in unprotected areas than in a protected reserve. 5 Field measurements demonstrated that the dominant spatial frequency was endogenous rather than reflecting the spatial variation of any pre‐existing heterogeneity in soil properties. 6 All these results support the use of models that can account for periodic vegetation patterns without invoking substrate heterogeneity or anisotropy, and provide new elements for further developments, refinements and tests. 7 This study underlines the potential of studying vegetation pattern properties for monitoring climatic and human impacts on the extensive fragile areas bordering hot deserts. Explicit consideration of vegetation self‐patterning may also improve our understanding of vegetation and climate interactions in arid areas.
FEN VE SOSYAL BİLİMLER LİSELERİNDE GÖREV YAPAN ÖĞRETMENLERİN YENİLİKÇİ ÖĞRETMEN ÖZELLİKLERİNE YÖNELİK ALGILARI: BİR DURUM ÇALIŞMASI

The perception of innovation concept and teachers' innovative teacher characteristics is important for the development of the education system. Scientific and technological developments that take place in the world require teachers to have innovative features. There are limited research on teachers' perceptions of innovation concept and innovative teacher characteristics is seen as important for teachers to acquire innovative teacher characteristics. In that vein, the purpose of this is to investigate the perceptions of the teachers working in the science and social sciences in the context of innovation and their innovative teacher characteristics. This study has been employed in a qualitative research desing within case study approach. The perceptions of the teachers working in the science and social sciences high schools in Ankara were taken as a case in the research planned and carried out as a qualitative case study. In this study maximum diversity sampling technique was used for purposeful sampling methods. In this study, semi-structured interviews with 18 teachers were conducted. Teachers have different meanings to the concept of innovation and the characteristics of innovative teachers. The finding of study indicated that quality and functional in-service training can be provided for teachers to have innovative teacher characteristics. These in-service trainings can develop in-service training programs in the direction of today's and tomorrow's teachers' expectations. This study suggests that the emphasis of the teachers in the university education is to apply the continuing understanding of the individual to the teacher candidates.
Analysis of elementary school students’ misconception on force and movement concept

Mastery of students’ science concepts reflects a basic understanding about science. Misconceptions occur because of a discrepancy between students’ conceptual understanding and the actual concept. The purpose of this study is to analyse the misconception of fourth grade students of elementary school on force and movement concept. Based on the results of field analysis, the researchers found data revealing that there was a misconception related to the force and movement concept of fourth grade students. The existence of students’ misconceptions will have an impact on misunderstanding in the next lesson. This research uses descriptive research type. Data were collected from 24 students using test instruments and interview. Based on the data analysis, the result shows that students have misconception on force and movement concept, especially about free fall movement, friction force, and force on a non-moving object. This shows that there is still a lot of students’ understanding that has not been in accordance with the actual concept of science.
TEACHER-READY RESEARCH REVIEW Practice Tests, Spaced Practice, and Successive Relearning: Tips for Classroom Use and for Guiding Students' Learning

Several techniques have been identified that can help students of all ages and abilities learn, understand, and retain materials across a wide variety of classes. Although these techniques are not the panacea for all the learning hurdles that students must overcome, they do offer an easy and low-cost solution to boosting student achievement in many classes. Thus, in this teacher-ready research review, we provide some pointers about how to use two particularly potent techniques—practice testing and spaced practice—to improve student learning in the classroom and on how another technique—successive relearning—can be used by your students to guide their learning outside of the classroom.
Potential applications of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in poultry diets

In the last decade, there has been growing interest in the use of natural herbs and medicinal plants as feed additives in poultry diets to maximise their potential output. Ginger is one such potential rhizome with a wide range of medicinal effects. In broilers and layers, this plant has been used in different forms, doses and durations. In this review, documented effects of ginger in poultry feed on feed intake and feed conversion ratio, growth and weight gain, carcass yield, egg production and quality, antioxidants and blood biochemistry, with their possible mechanisms of action, are discussed.
Kualitas Interaksi Sosial antara Penjual dan Pembeli di Taman Pintar Book Store Yogyakarta

Interaksi sosial antara penjual dan pembeli terjadi karenahubungan timbal balik yang saling mempengaruhi dan menguntungkan. Penjual membutuhkan pembeli untuk membeli barang dagangannya, dan pembeli membutuhkan penjual untuk menyediakan barang dan jasa yang dibutuhkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat perbedaan kualitas interaksi sosial pada pagi, siang, dan sore hari. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif terhadap 8 subjek dengan usia antara 21 sampai 29 tahun dan berjenis kelamin perempuan. Metode pengumpulan data adalahobservasi dan wawancara. Teknik pencatatan behavior tallying and charting selama 3 jam sebagai sampel berdasarkan 11 indikator dan 6 interval. Jenis wawancara yang dilakukan adalah wawancara survey. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada 11 indikator yang digunakan untuk menilai interaksi yang dilakukan oleh penjual dengan persentase interaksi sosial tertinggi terjadi pada siang hari yaitu 34,43%, serta 4 faktor utama yang mempengaruhi interaksi sosial antara penjual dan pembeli. Kata kunci : interaksi sosial, pembeli, penjual
The effect of Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) and Nettle root (Urtica dioica) on growth rate and sex reversal of convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum)

The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of Gokshura and nettle root extracts on growth rate and sex reversal in Convict cichlid fish. Seven-day hatchlings were immersed in water containing 0 (Control, T1), 200 mg/l nettle root extract (T2), 300 mg/l nettle root extract (T3), 10 mg/l Gokshura extract (T4) and 10 mg/l Gokshura plus 200 mg/l nettle root extracts (T5) for two months. Each treatment consisted of three replicates (with 35 fishes in each replicate). Weightings and sex determination were performed at the end of the experiment. The results showed that nettle root extract had a very significant effect on feminization as all fishes in treatments T2 and T3 became female (P 0.05). The number of male fishes were significantly higher than females in treatment T5 (P 0.05). In conclusion, nettle root extract led to transsexuals to feminization and both extracts reduced the growth rate of fishes in comparison with control fishes.
The Effect of Brand Awareness and Image on Consumer Perceived Quality and Purchase Intension – A Study Case of Carbonated Drink Brand at Bogor City

The change of marketing competition has happened where it is more likely related with consumer perception rather than the product perception. It can be built by understanding consumer’s point of view about a product. Nowadays, there are only a few researches about brand knowledge role towards consumer perceived quality and purchase intention. This research is intended to study the performance of brand awareness and image towards consumer perceived quality and purchase intention in Bogor. Two carbonated drink brands were investigated in this research. Coca cola and Big Cola were used because both brands represented the high marketing competition. This research collected and processed 100 respondents’ perception about related variable which supported by Smart PLS 3. The result for Coca Cola shows that brand awareness affects brand image, brand image affects perceived quality, and perceived quality significantly affects consumer purchase intention. However, there is a different result for Big Cola brand in which brand awareness directly affects perceived quality, and brand image directly affects consumer purchase intention.
Cosmeceuticals Derived from Bioactive Substances Found in Marine Algae

Among marine organisms, marine algae are rich sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds with various biological activities. Algae are widespread everywhere on earth where there is light to carry out photosynthesis and have the potential to produce a number of valuable compounds like Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), pigments, and antioxidants for pharmaceuticals, biomedical and nutraceutical products. This review considers recent progress in the application of bioactive substances derived from marine algae as potential cosmeceuticals. The biological activities of terpenoids, carotenoids, tocopherol, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides (fucoidan, carrageenans, alginates and agar), unsaturated fatty acids and mycosporin-like amino acids are reported in order to evaluate their potential use in future cosmetic skin care products.
A Contrastive Study of Master Thesis Acknowledgements by Taiwanese and North American Students

Thesis acknowledgements are a written part genre in which graduate students express their gratitude towards a number of addressees upon completion of theses. Previous studies on thesis acknowledgements have focused on the expressions of gratitude or their generic structure. However, socio-cultural values and norms can shape the ways people express thanks and influence the rhetorical structure of a genre like thesis acknowledgements. The present study compares and contrasts the use of thanking strategies in 60 thesis acknowledgements written in English by Taiwanese and North American master students. Results show that Taiwanese students (TS) use more thanking strategies than North American students (NAS); specifically, they employ more explicit thanking strategies but less implicit thanking strategies than NAS. They also use more complex thanking strategies but less simple thanking strategies than NAS. Interestingly, the two groups vary in the arrangement of addressees and the choice of strategies for various addressees, reflecting different cultural perceptions of expressing gratitude. For example, NAS appear to make a more flexible arrangement of advisors and family members than TS. These subtle differences between TS and NAS thesis acknowledgements reveal Taiwanese and North American students’ embedded socio-pragmatic perceptions of writing this genre.
Evidence for regional climate change in the recent evolution of a high latitude pro-glacial lake

Lake Wilson, a perennially ice-capped, deep (>100 m) lake at 80°S in southern Victoria Land was investigated in January 1993. Water chemistry and physical structure showed three distinct layers; an upper c. 35 m mixed layer of low salinity, moderately turbid water; a less turbid mid layer, 20 m thick of slightly higher salinity and supersaturated with oxygen; and a deep 20 m brackish layer (conductivity c. 4000 μS cm−1) with anoxic conditions in the lower 5 m. Extreme supersaturation of N2O (up to 400 times air saturation) together with high nitrate concentration (4000 mg m−3) was recorded in the deep layer. Phytoplankton biomass and photosynthetic activity was confined to the upper mixed layer and the band of supersaturated dissolved oxygen located at 40–55 m appears to represent a relict layer from when the lake level was lower. The evidence from a comparison of profiles between 1975 and 1993 suggests that Lake Wilson has risen 25 m since 1975, synchronous with a period of lake level rise in the McMurdo Dry Valleys lakes to the north at 77°S. Geochemical diffusion models indicate that Lake Wilson had evaporated to a smaller brine lake about 1000 yrs BP, which also fits the pattern shown by the McMurdo Dry Valleys lakes. Climate changes influencing lake levels have thus covered a wide area of southern Victoria Land.
Results from the DC-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (DICE): Airborne Versus Surface Sampling of Mineral Dust and Sea Salt Aerosols

During May and June of 2003 NASA conducted the DC-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (DICE). The study was undertaken to quantify the performance of three passive, solid diffuser inlets used aboard the DC-8 aircraft to sample optically effective aerosol sizes. Aerosol optical properties measured behind the University of Hawai'i (UH) and the University of New Hampshire (UNH) inlets were within 10% of the ground based measurements whereas the NASA Langley (LaRC) inlet reduced scattering values for supermicrometer dust by approximately 50%. Based on the DICE results the aerodynamic 50% passing efficiency of the inlets and transport plumbing is determined to be above 5.0 and 4.1 μm for the UH and UNH inlets and 3.6 μm for the LaRC inlet. These aerodynamic sizes correspond to geometric particle diameters of 3.1, 2.5, and 2.0 μm ignoring shape factor and assuming particle densities of 2.6 g cm−3. Sea salt aerosols sampled at high relative humidity revealed that the UH and the UNH inlets performed nearly identically in the marine environment. Aerosol optical properties measured behind the UH inlet were within 30% of measurements made at the NOAA/ESRL Trinidad Head Observatory and in some cases were better than 10%. We conclude that quantitative measurements of optical properties and processes linked to aerosol surface chemistry can be effectively studied aboard the NASA DC-8 using the UH and UNH inlets because aerosol particles less than 4 μm in aerodynamic diameter typically dominate aerosol optical properties and surface area.
FUEL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AND OTHER SUPPLEMENTAL FUELS REGARDING THEIR EFFECT ON THE CO-COMBUSTION PROCESS WITH COAL

In the European countries, and especially in Germany, the co-combustion of biomass and waste materials together with coal in the power plants is expected to find wide application in the near future. At the IVD several kinds of supplemental . fuels are tested to find out their combustion behaviour in different firing systems together with the regular fuels hard coal and lignite coal. The investigations were done in bench scale facilities for basic research but also up to pilot scale combustion rigs. In order to get information about destruction and formation of hazardous matter multiple variations of the combustion parameters were applied under conditions like those in industrial furnaces. In this paper characteristics of the fuels are compared according to immediate analysis, elementary analysis and analysis of the ash components. Combustion experiments were carried out with various portions of thermally dried municipal sewage sludge. The byproducts of the combustion process were collected and balanced.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ERD 15 GENE FROM CULTIVATED TOMATO ( Solanum lycopersicum )

Plant physiology, morphology and biochemistry are genetically controlled by a large set of genes. Expression of these genes is influenced by a number of factors, internal as well as external, including stage of plant development, diseases, drought, salinity, cold, and many others (Yoshioka et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2001). Some genes are activated or suppressed by a specific stress factor while, many genes respond to more than one stimulus (Kariola et al., 2006). These genes can be classified, on the basis of their expression patterns and/or their responsiveness to environmental stressors, in different groups viz., responsive to dehydration (RD), cold regulated (COR), cold inducible (KIN), lowtemperature induced (LTI), early responsive to dehydration (ERD), salt overly sensitive (SOS), dehydration-responsive element-binding proteins (DREBs) and many more (Shinozaki and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, 2007; Mahajan and Tuteja, 2005). Among these genes, ERDs have emerged as a new class or group of genes, identified first time by Kiyosue et al. (1994) in Arabidopsis plants dehydrated for one hour. Some members of the ERD group have been studied such as ERD1 (that encodes a Clp protease regulatory subunit; Nakashima et al., 1997), ERD5 (proline dehydrogenase; Kiyosue et al., 1996), ERD8 (hsp8-1; Takahashi et al., 1992), ERD10 (Group II LEA protein = lti29/lti45; Welin et al., 1995) and ERD15 (Kariola et al., 2006; Alves et al., 2011; Ziaf et al., 2011). Among these ERD genes, ERD15 has been used as a stress responsive gene in various stress experiments (Dunaeva and Adamska, 2001; Park et al., 2009; Li et al., 2010) in Arabidopsis and wheat. Nevertheless, its induction and function has been contradictory (Kariola et al., 2006; Ziaf et al., 2011), which can be due to difference in sequence among the species and/or due to some mutations in the sequence from specific crop. Transcript of several genes is accumulated at a specific stage of plant growth or in specific organs, varying to some extent with their function. Some are under the control of endogenous circadian system and thus affect the physiology and metabolism (Yakir et al., 2007). About 6% genes in Arabidopsis, involved in various functions such as photosynthesis, responses to stresses, sugar metabolism and flowering in response to day-length, fluctuate daily and are controlled by circadian clock (Harmer et al., 2000). Wang and Grumet (2004) reported diurnal pattern for transcript level of Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 53(1), 27-33; 2016 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/16.3695 http://www.pakjas. com.pk
Simplified Intraoperative Goal-Directed Therapy Using the FloTrac/Vigileo System: An Analysis of Its Usefulness and Safety

Purpose: We investigated whether the simplified intraoperative Goal-Directed Therapy (GDT) could improve the factors affecting medical costs, and contribute in standardizing intraoperative fluid management. Methods: The enrolled patients underwent esophagectomy, pancreatoduodenectomy, or aortic stent grafting in 2012, and between March 2013 and October 2014. We conducted a comparison study on the effects of GDT, between the before-GDT historical control group (n = 100) and GDT group (n = 100). The hemodynamic indices used for control group patients were conventional: Blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output. For GDT group, additionally, we used stroke volume variation (SVV) and stroke volume index (SVI). The primary outcomes were the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospital stay (LOS). Regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting LOS. The secondary outcomes were the albumin use, the fluid amount administered, and the variation in the fluid administration rate. Results: The control and GDT groups comprised 96 and 99 patients, respectively. The patient characteristics were similar. The length of ICU stay was significantly shorter (2.1 ± 2.1 days vs. 2.8 ± 1.9 days, P = 0.0009) and LOS was shorter but without statistical significance (24.5 ± 17.7 days vs. 27.7 ± 20.1 days, P = 0.21) in the GDT group than in the control group. The fluid amount administered and the presence/ absence of albumin use were factors affecting LOS. The variation of the fluid administration rate was significantly lower in the GDT group. Conclusion: The simplified GDT may contribute to the improvement of medical economics and standardize the fluid management.
Ulysses and the Sirens: Studies in Rationality and Irrationality

Preface to the revised edition Preface and acknowledgements Part I. Perfect Rationality: Beyond Gradient-Climbing: 1. Introduction 2. The locally maximizing machine 3. The globally maximizing machine 4. Strategic behaviour in animals and men 5. Functionalist explanation in sociology Part II. Imperfect Rationality: Ulysses and the Sirens: 1. Introduction 2. Towards a definition 3. Pascal 4. Descartes 5. Inconsistent time preferences 6. Endogenous change of preferences 7. Precommitment in animal behaviour 8. Abdication from power 9. Some conclusions and further questions Part III. Problematic Rationality: Some Unresolved Problems in the Theory of Rational Behaviour: 1. Introduction 2. Games without solutions 3. Lexicographic preferences 4. Subjective probability 5. Maximizing, satisficing and natural selection 6. Traditional behaviour and random behaviour 7. Explaining altruism 8. Inconstancy 9. Paradox 10. And so what Part IV. Irrationality: Contradictions of the Mind: 1. Introduction 2. Hate 3. Love 4. Self-deception References Index.
Identifying Strategies That Facilitate Chinese EFL Learners’ Oral English Communication and Learning in the UK: A Case Study

This research investigates Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ oral English communication strategies (CSs) and oral English learning strategies when studying in an English speaking context. For this purpose, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with four Chinese EFL learners who are studying in the UK with different English proficiencies, analysed their strategies of oral English learning and communication, and compared changes in strategies during one year of studying abroad. It showed that, when confronted with difficulties in oral English learning, participants usually employed affective strategies to adapt to the new learning environment. And learners from different levels have different performances in meta-cognitive learning strategies use. In addition, the English speaking context made some differences to learners’ learning. When it comes to CSs, on the one hand, strategies, such as negotiation for meaning, and so on, were shown as being primarily used by participants, even though participants from different levels might have some differences to some extent. On the other hand, strategies like less active listener, and so on, were relatively less employed by participants. These results would probably help learners and teachers understand oral English learning and teaching in native contexts better.