Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using problem-based learning during student placements to embed theory in practice

Practice placements, a prominent part of the education of health and social care professionals, are strongly validated by theories of adult learning. Being situated in authentic workplaces in contact with people in need, motivation to learn is strong. However, it is not always easy for students to realise the knowledge that practitioners are using in the setting, as it becomes tacit. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a form of student-centred university teaching deliberately structured to support development of students' theoretical understanding, critical thinking, professional reasoning and team skills. PBL is recognised world-wide for its applicability to health and social science curricula, but to date its potential as a method to activate theoretical learning during placements has not been realised. The aim of this masterclass is to inspire and encourage placement educators and students to use PBL as an effective, enjoyable way to structure knowledge development during placement. The outcomes of this paper include appreciation of the rationale and stages of the PBL cycle in a practice environment, and sufficient understanding about how PBL can be used to embed theory in practice to give it a try. Case studies and supervision sessions need to be adjusted a little to explicitly include a self-directed learning stage to develop students' knowledge, illustrated here through a case example. Students identify their own learning needs to guide their independent learning, maximising use of placement time. PBL in practice settings is a flexible approach, applicable to one-to-one situations, with pairs, groups (including inter-professional), and within work-based learning for staff development.
Effects of Highways on Grizzly Bear Movement in the Bow River Watershed, Alberta, Canada

Previous research on response by grizzly bears to roads has been confined to interactions with tertiary or unimproved road systems. To the authors knowledge no information exists to evaluate the potential of high-speed, high-volume highways to disrupt or prevent grizzly bear movement. The authors know of no other area within occupied grizzly bear habitat in North America that has such an extensive network of high-speed, high-volume highways. Between 1994 and 1998 the authors captured and radio-marked grizzly bears in the Bow River Watershed, Alberta, and monitored their movements. Using radio telemetry data the authors documented the permeability of several highways to grizzly bear movement in a landscape where human presence is widespread. One highway with 24-hour, year-round high traffic volumes served as an effective barrier for adult female movement. Traffic volume appeared to be a key variable in the permeability of highways for grizzly bears. Highway crossings by grizzly bears were concentrated in specific locations and occurred during night as well as day. The authors analysis demonstrates grizzly bears cross some highways in very site-specific locations, enabling the authors to predict crossing zones. Zones of high frequency road crossings in this study area were characterized by lower than average total access density, closer to a major drainage, more rugged terrain and higher quality habitat. Significant potential currently exists for permanent habitat and population fragmentation to occur along the Trans Canada Highway. An adaptive management approach will be crucial, with population connectivity being of paramount importance, as the authors continue to gain knowledge of grizzly bear response to highways.
The Informational Contribution of Social and Environmental Disclosures for Investors

Purpose – The aim of the paper is to investigate whether social disclosure and environmental disclosure have a substituting or a complementing effect in reducing information asymmetry between managers and stock market participantsDesign/methodology/approach – This study attempts to provide a comprehensive analysis of a firm's social and environmental disclosure strategy. The authors posit that this strategy simultaneously affects information asymmetry and disclosure.Findings – Findings suggest that social disclosure and environmental disclosure substitute each other in reducing stock market asymmetry.Research limitations/implications – The measurement of social and environmental disclosure is based upon a coding instrument that makes some explicit assumptions about the value and relevance of information. Moreover, information asymmetry cannot be directly measured and is inferred from the behaviour of proxy variables such as share price volatility and bid‐ask spread.Practical implications – Results suggest.
The Architecture of Dynamic Capability Research Identifying the Building Blocks of a Configurational Approach

AbstractThe dynamic capability view (DCV) of the firm has become one of the leading frameworks aimed at identifying drivers of long-term firm survival and growth. Yet, despite considerable academic interest, there are many questions about what dynamic capabilities (DCs) are, how they relate to other organizational operations, and how they relate to firm performance. In this article, we provide a unique and comprehensive examination of the DCV literature that goes beyond past reviews by combining text-based analysis with surveys of, and interviews with, researchers in the field. With this approach, we are able to examine the evolution of the DCV in written literature and identify missing research themes. Based on this review, we argue that future research will benefit from integrating the DCV with configuration theory and the recent micro foundational thinking. We encapsulate this discussion via an architectural model of the DCV (entitled “House of Dynamic Capabilities”) that combines micro foundations und.
Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S)

Se presentan los resultados del estudio de la estratigrafia, quimica y edades de rocas asignadas a la franja oriental de la Formacion Abanico expuestas en la ladera sur del Rio Volcan, Cordillera Principal al este de Santiago (30o50'S, 70o12'/70o5'W). La serie expuesta, de ca. 3.300 m de espesor, esta compuesta predominantemente por basaltos, andesitas basalticas y rocas volcanoclasticas. Dataciones radiometricas 40Ar/39Ar en plagioclasa de flujos de lava entregaron edades entre el Oligoceno-Mioceno inferior con una edad maxima de 34,3±0,4 Ma para la porcion inferior y una edad plateau de 21,4±1,0 Ma en la porcion media de la serie. Las lavas poseen una afinidad calcoalcalina y caracteristicas tipicas de rocas volcanicas de arco desarrollado en un margen continental activo. Estas definen un patron quimico de evolucion temporal representado por un aumento de concentraciones de elementos LILE, LREE y razones LaN/YbN, el que ha sido atribuido a un aumento de la influencia del componente de subduccion con el tiempo. La comparacion geoquimica de estas rocas con las rocas volcanicas Oligoceno-Mioceno inferior de las areas de Cerro Abanico y Chacabuco, ubicadas en el borde occidental de la Cordillera Principal al este de Santiago y limite norte de la Depresion Central, respectivamente, muestra la existencia de variaciones composicionales transversales del volcanismo Oligoceno-Mioceno inferior. Estas variaciones, de oeste a este, corresponden a: (1) incremento en las concentraciones de elementos LILE, LREE y HFSE, razones LaN/YbN y razones iniciales de Sr y Nd, y (2) disminucion de razones LILE/HFSE y LREE/HFSE. Estos patrones pueden ser atribuidos a una disminucion de la influencia del componente de subduccion y aumento de la intensidad de procesos de contaminacion cortical de oeste a este.
Faunal composition and paleoenvironment of the Arundel Clay (Potomac Formation; Early Cretaceous), Maryland, USA

The Arundel Clay facies of the Potomac Group represents one of the few Lower Cretaceous vertebrate-bearing deposits in the Atlantic coastal plain. Vertebrate fossils from this unit have been known for more than 150 years, but thus far formal descriptions have mainly concentrated on its dinosaurs and mammals. Herein, we eport on a moderately diverse faunal assemblage (USNM 41614) from Dinosaur Park in Prince Georges County, Maryland. This assemblage is represented by 306 disarticulated macroand microfossils that largely consist of teeth and scales (89%). This vertebrate fauna includes two species of hybodont sharks, multiple semionotid fishes, one species of lungfish, three species of turtle, three families of neosuchian crocodilians, six species of dinosaurs, and two species of mammals. Combined with other historical collections from this unit, these new additions to the fauna show that the Arundel was a far more robust and diverse ecosystem than previously envisaged, broadly similar in composition to contemporaneous units of western North America. The Arundel assemblage differs, however, from those in many other Lower Cretaceous sites in that it is dominated numerically by Hybodus and goniopholidid crocodylomorphs, which together comprise 58% of catalogued specimens. Similarly, this sample entirely lacks lissamphibians and lepidosaurs. Traditionally, the Arundel has been interpreted as being of fluvial origin, deposited in a freshwater system of stranded channels or oxbows. Based on faunal composition, together with published geological and sedimentological evidence, we propose that at least some of the Arundel facies was deposited in close proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. Joseph A. Frederickson. Sam Noble Museum, 2401 Chautauqua Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma, 73072, USA and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA. joe.frederickson@swosu.edu Thomas R. Lipka. Sam Noble Museum, 2401 Chautauqua Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma, 73072, USA thomas.r. lipka-1@ou.edu Richard L. Cifelli. Sam Noble Museum, 2401 Chautauqua Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma, 73072, USA and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA. rlc@ou.edu
Environments of interacting transients: impostors and Type IIn supernovae

This paper presents one of the first environmental analyses of the locations of the class of ‘interacting transients’, namely Type IIn supernovae (SNe) and SN impostors. We discuss the association of these transients with star formation, host galaxy type, metallicity and the locations of each event within the respective host. Given the frequent assumption of very high mass progenitors for these explosions from various studies, most notably a direct progenitor detection, it is interesting to note the weak association of these subtypes with star formation as traced by Hα emission, particularly in comparison with Type Ic SNe, which trace the Hα emission and are thought to arise from high-mass progenitors. The radial distributions of these transients compared to Type Ic SNe are also very different. This provides evidence for the growing hypothesis that these ‘interacting transients’ are in fact comprised of a variety of progenitor systems. The events contained within this sample are discussed in detail, where information in the literature exists, and compared to the environmental data provided. Impostors are found to split into two main classes, in terms of environment: SN 2008S-like impostors fall on regions of zero Hα emission, whereas η Carina-like impostors all fall on regions with positive Hα emission. We also find indications that the impostor class originate from lower metallicity environments than Type IIn, Ic and IIP SNe.
Addressing the Challenge of P-Value and Sample Size when the Significance is Borderline: The Test of Random Duplication of Participants as a New Approach

The issue of borderline p -value seems to divide health scientists into two schools of thought. One school of thought argues that when the p -value is greater than or equal to the statistical significance cut-off level of 0.05, it should not be considered statistically significant and the null hypothesis should be accepted no matter how close the p -value is to the 0.05. The other school of thought believes that by doing so one might be committing a Type 2 error and possibly missing valuable information. In this paper, we discuss an approach to address this issue and suggest the test of random duplication of participants as a way to interpret study outcomes when the statistical significance is borderline. This discussion shows the irrefutability of the concept of borderline statistical significance, however, it is important that one demonstrates whether a borderline statistical significance is truly borderline or not. Since the absence of statistical significance is not necessarily evidence of absence of effect, one needs to double check if a borderline statistical significance is indeed borderline or not. The p -value should not be looked at as a rule of thumb for accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis but rather as a guide for further action or analysis that leads to correct conclusions.
Natural Rate Measures in an Estimated DSGE Model of the U.S. Economy

This paper presents a monetary DSGE model of the U.S. economy. The model captures the most important production, expenditure, and nominal-contracting decisions underlying economic data while remaining sufficiently small to allow it to provide a clear interpretation of the data. We emphasize the role of model-based analyses as vehicles for storytelling by providing several examples - based around the evolution of natural rates of production and interest - of how our model can provide narratives to explain recent macroeconomic fluctuations. The stories obtained from our model are both similar to and quite different from conventional accounts.
Species Distribution Models Do Not Account for Abundance: The Case of Arthropods on Terceira Island

The objective of this study is to investigate whether presence/absence models can be used as surrogates of arthropod abundance, and eventually under which circumstances such surrogacy is guaranteed. Presence/absence data for 48 arthropod species from Terceira Island were modelled using artificial neural networks. Probabilities of occurrence were correlated with abundance data from a standardized arthropod survey programme. Although a tendency was found for vagile species to show relationships, only nine species showed significant positive correlations between probability of presence and abundance. Five of these were exotic spider species with high abundances and wide distributions in several human-modified habitats. The patchy distribution of pristine habitats, the capacity to reach them and the probable low dependence on limiting resources, other than food, enhance the relationship. A lack of significant correlations for the majority of the species may be due to historical events, inappropriate scale, demographic controls of density, or the incapacity of presence/absence models to account for environmental suitability. The difficulty to identify a priori the species for which the relationship will hold advises against the use of species distribution models as surrogates of arthropod abundance.
Mountain pine beetle impacts on tree resources and growth release in lodgepole pine dominated subalpine forest

Over the past decade and a half Western North America has experienced a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) (MPB) outbreak on a scale not previously recorded. Millions of hectares of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) in high elevation forests have been infested. Although bark beetles are an important part of the natural disturbance regime in this region, the current unprecedented level of tree mortality will have a significant impact on resources and light availability for the remaining live trees in the forest. In this thesis I investigated the impacts of extensive MPB-induced tree mortality on essential tree resources such as light, soil moisture, and soil nutrients, and how ensuing changes in these resources affect annual growth in surviving canopy-level trees. Using a decade-long chronosequence of mountain pine beetle disturbance in a lodgepole pine stand, I found that increased annual growth does occur in surviving canopy-level trees surrounded by high levels of neighboring tree mortality, but not in control plots representing a healthy intact forest. In infested plots where annual growth increase occurred in survivors, an increase in inorganic soil nutrients was observed, specifically, immediately after the transition from an intact canopy to one that has lost all needles and fine branches as a result of tree death. The spike in soil inorganic nitrogen that occurred during this period may have been taken up in part by surviving trees, as suggested by significantly lower leaf C:N. Other tree
Structural, electrical, and optical properties of atomic layer deposition Al-doped ZnO films

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films of ∼100 nm thickness with various Al doping were prepared at 150 °C by atomic layer deposition on quartz substrates. At low Al doping, the films were strongly textured along the [100] direction, while at higher Al doping the films remained amorphous. Atomic force microscopy results showed that Al–O cycles when inserted in a ZnO film, corresponding to a few atomic percent Al, could remarkably reduce the surface roughness of the films. Hall measurements revealed a maximum mobility of 17.7 cm2/V s. Film resistivity reached a minima of 4.4×10−3 Ω cm whereas the carrier concentration reached a maxima of 1.7×1020 cm−3, at 3 at. % Al. The band gap of AZO films varied from 3.23 eV for undoped ZnO films to 3.73 eV for AZO films with 24.6 at. % Al. Optical transmittance over 80% was obtained in the visible region. The detrimental impact of increased Al resulting in decreased conductivity due to doping past 3.0 at. % is evident in the x-ray diffraction data, as an abrupt increase in the opti.
Laser Enhanced Hydrogen Passivation of Silicon Wafers

The application of lasers to enable advanced hydrogenation processes with charge state control is explored. Localised hydrogenation is realised through the use of lasers to achieve localised illumination and heating of the silicon material and hence spatially control the hydrogenation process. Improvements in minority carrier lifetime are confirmed in the laser hydrogenated regions using photoluminescence (PL) imaging. However with inappropriate laser settings a localised reduction in minority carrier lifetime can result. It is observed that high illumination intensities and rapid cooling are beneficial for achieving improvements in minority carrier lifetimes through laser hydrogenation. The laser hydrogenation process is then applied to finished screen-printed solar cells fabricated on seeded-cast quasi monocrystalline silicon wafers. The passivation of dislocation clusters is observed with clear improvements in quantum efficiency, open circuit voltage, and short circuit current density, leading to an improvement in efficiency of 0.6% absolute.
YUKON MOOSE: I. SEASONAL RESOURCE SELECTION BY MALES AND FEMALES IN A MULTI-PREDATOR BOREAL ECOSYSTEM

Moose ( Alces alces ) in Yukon experience an extreme range of thermal conditions, highly variable snow depths, natural and anthropogenic disturbances, predation by wolves and grizzly bears, and hunting pressure. Our objective was to identify variables that best explained habitat-selection patterns of moose in south-central Yukon for use in land-use planning and impact assessment. We evaluated selection of land-cover class, elevation, aspect, predation risk, and harvest vulnerability using resource selection functions. We created pooled models for males and females by averaging models for individuals by sex and season. Selection of shrub-dominated land cover highlighted the importance of forage accessibility throughout the year. Selection for elevation, aspect, and cover changed throughout the year, as influenced by climatic conditions. By selecting mixed cover types during calving and summer, female moose presumably balanced needs for both cover and forage. Males minimized harvest vulnerability during rut. Moose, in general, demonstrated highly variable habitat selection; however, consistent individual responses between sexes supported trends identified by pooled selection coefficients, as well as detected trends among males and females. The greatest amount of individual variation occurred during the growing season and the least amount during late winter, suggesting that climatic factors limited the options available to moose at a critical time of the year.
Protecting Rural Amenities Through Farmland Preservation Programs

We investigate what farmland preservation programs reveal about the importance of protecting different rural amenities. An extensive content analysis of the enabling legislation of various farmland protection programs suggests wide variation exists in the protection of amenities. An analysis of 27 individual Purchase of Development Rights (PDR) programs’ selection criteria suggests these programs favor preserving amenities that are jointly provided by cropland and livestock operations. These PDR selection criteria also reveal unique preferences regarding the spatial patterns of preserved agricultural lands. Variation in relative weights given to protecting most parcel characteristics in PDR programs is not easily explained by factors that characterize areas experiencing farmland losses.
Crustal–lithospheric structure and continental extrusion of Tibet

Abstract: Crustal shortening and thickening to c. 70–85 km in the Tibetan Plateau occurred both before and mainly after the c. 50 Ma India–Asia collision. Potassic–ultrapotassic shoshonitic and adakitic lavas erupted across the Qiangtang (c. 50–29 Ma) and Lhasa blocks (c. 30–10 Ma) indicate a hot mantle, thick crust and eclogitic root during that period. The progressive northward underthrusting of cold, Indian mantle lithosphere since collision shut off the source in the Lhasa block at c. 10 Ma. Late Miocene–Pleistocene shoshonitic volcanic rocks in northern Tibet require hot mantle. We review the major tectonic processes proposed for Tibet including ‘rigid-block', continuum and crustal flow as well as the geological history of the major strike-slip faults. We examine controversies concerning the cumulative geological offsets and the discrepancies between geological, Quaternary and geodetic slip rates. Low present-day slip rates measured from global positioning system and InSAR along the Karakoram and Altyn Tagh Faults in addition to slow long-term geological rates can only account for limited eastward extrusion of Tibet since Mid-Miocene time. We conclude that despite being prominent geomorphological features sometimes with wide mylonite zones, the faults cut earlier formed metamorphic and igneous rocks and show limited offsets. Concentrated strain at the surface is dissipated deeper into wide ductile shear zones.