Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity assessment in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.)

Mahalanobis' D-square (D 2 ) statistics was applied to assess diversity in the 9 genotypes collected of semi-arid region of India (7 genotypes from Gujarat and Rajasthan for normal toxic and two from Orissa csmcri's plantation of non toxic nature. These genotypes were grouped into five. Cluster I and III had two genotypes, cluster II had three genotypes and cluster VI and V contributed as solitary germplasms. The genotypes in cluster II had the maximum divergence which was closely followed by cluster III. The maximum and minimum divergence was revealed between clusters I with cluster V and cluster I and cluster V with cluster IV, respectively. In general, cluster III and IV exhibited high and low mean values, respectively for most of the characters. It has been suggested that for varietal improvement, hybridization among the genotypes of divergent clusters should be done in order to obtain better results in terms of variability and diversity.
The Long-Wave Infrared Earth Image as a Pointing Reference for Deep-Space Optical Communications

Optical communications from space require an absolute pointing reference. Whereas at near-Earth and even planetary distances out to Mars and Jupiter a laser beacon transmitted from Earth can serve as such a pointing reference, for farther distances extending to the outer reaches of the solar system, the means for meeting this requirement remains an open issue. We discuss in this article the prospects and consequences of utilizing the Earth image sensed in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectral band as a beacon to satisfy the absolute pointing requirements. We have used data from satellite-based thermal measurements of Earth to synthesize images at various ranges and have shown the centroiding accuracies that can be achieved with prospective LWIR image sensing arrays. The nonuniform emissivity of Earth causes a mispointing bias error term that exceeds a provisional pointing budget allocation when using simple centroiding algorithms. Other issues related to implementing thermal imaging of Earth from deep space for the purposes of providing a pointing reference are also reported.
The effects of organisational structure, interpersonal trust and communication during new product development projects

This study examines the antecedents of effective working relationships between Marketing and R&D managers during NPD projects. Adopting both a structural and individual-level perspective, we examine the impact on relationship effectiveness of formalisation, centralisation, communication frequency and bidirectionality, and interpersonal trust between Marketing Managers and R&D Managers during NPD product development projects. Our hypothesised model is tested using a sample of 184 product development projects conducted in Australia, and our findings reveal two dimensions of interpersonal trust (cognitionand affect-based trust) are potent factors driving effectiveness during product development projects. We also reveal differential effects of the two communication behaviours, and demonstrate that unlike bidirectional communication, communication frequency does not increase relationship effectiveness. Similarly, whilst formalisation can help improve relationship effectiveness on product development projects, centralisation does not have any positive effect.
Economic Opportunity and Evolution: Beyond Landscapes and Bounded Rationality

The nature of economic opportunity has recently received significant attention in entrepreneurship and strategy. The notion of search on an (NK) opportunity landscape has been particularly relevant to these conversations and debates. We argue that existing notions of landscapes are overly focused on bounded rationality and search (often instantiated as the problem of NP-completeness), rather than focusing on how to account for the readily manifest, emergent novelty we see in the economic sphere (the "frame problem"). We discuss the entrepreneurial and economic implications of these arguments by building on unique insights from biology, the natural and computational sciences.
Ultrastructures of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and its damage in huanglongbing (HLB) infected citrus

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus is not cultured in media and there is insufficient information on the movement of the pathogen in citrus plants. Samples were collected from infected citrus plants grown in Ulu Pakar, Terengganu, Malaysia and they show typical symptoms of the huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer pairs of OI1 and OI2c was conducted to assess the presence and to amplify the Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in infected plants. The samples were then examined under transmission electron microscope for the determination and identification of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. The spherical and rod shaped particles of this agent were found in phloem cells. The length of the bacteria ranged from 594.57 to 1368.16 nm (mean 930.09 nm) and its width ranged from 201.68 to 811.15 nm (mean 410.61nm). Cell wall membranes were irregular in shape and were of different thickness. Damage was caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus penetrating through the cell wall and their movement between cells. This study was conducted to confirm the presence of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus pathogen in citrus plant using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and to identify the cell wall modifications of the phloem. Keywords : Citrus greening disease, huanglongbing, transmission electron microscope African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(36), pp. 5897-5901, 6 September, 2010
Investigating the effect of enzymatic elimination of endocannabinoids inhibitors on tonic- colonic seizure provoked by PTZ

Investigating the effect of enzymatic elimination of endocannabinoids inhibitors on tonic- colonic seizure provoked by PTZ P Zareie, M Sadegh *, MR Palizvan Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In recent years, numerous attempts were done to find new treatment methods for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Anandamide (Anandamides; AEA) and di-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-Arachidonoylglycerol; 2-AG) are two major ligands of endocannabinoid system can be produced or deleted by a certain enzymatic pathway. Given the frequency and significance of these endocannabinoid ligands, it seems that endocannabinoid system in the brain can be changed with pharmacologically manipulating in the pathway of these two main ligands. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic elimination of endocannabinoids inhibitors on tonic-clonic seizure caused by PTZ. METHODS: In this exprimental study 35 Adult male wistar rats were used in 4 groups. Tonic-colonic seizure was induced through single intra-peritoneal injection of PTZ (80 mg/Kg). Latency and duration of each five behavioral seizure stages were monitored for 30 minutes. To inhibit Anandamides elimination, URB and LY (URB: 1 mg/kg, LY: 2.5 mg/kg, i.p), to inhibit 2-2-Arachidonoylglycerol degradation WWL and JJKK (JJKK: 1 mg/kg, WWL: 5 mg/kg, i.p), were used, all dissolved in DMSO and injected 15 minutes before PTZ injection. In sham group, PTZ was injected after DMSO.Time and duration of all five behavioral stages of seizure were recorded for 30 minutes. FINDINGS: Delay to stages 4 and 5 in DMSO+PTZ group were 206+39 and 209+39, respectivly. While in JJKK+WWL+DMSO+PTZ group delay to stages 4 and 5 were 630+159 and 726+360, respectivly, which reveald significant increase (p<0.05). In addition, percentage of stage 5 incidence and mortality rate were 91% in DMSO+PTZ group, while both indexes were decreased to 50% in (JJKK+WWL+DMSO) group. CONCLUSION: Contemporary using both WWL and JJKK as inhibitors of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol elimination effectivly reduced tonic- clonic seizure. Keywords: 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, Anandamide, Dimethylsulfoxide, Epilepsy
Evaluating Types of Students' Interactions in a Wiki-Based Collaborative Learning Project.

Wiki technology has been promoted as a collaborative software platform. This study investigates interactions that occur in a wiki-based collaborative learning project. The study draws on interaction literature and investigates the types of interactions with which students are engaged in wiki-based group projects, clusters that reflect online interaction patterns and factors that affect students' interaction. The study employs a quantitative approach (principal component analysis, cluster analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test) and a qualitative approach (interviews). The results show that students' interactions online were of two types, student-content and student-student, with student-content interaction being dominant. An increase in online interaction was driven mainly by an increase in student-content interaction, while student-student interaction increased to a certain level and then stayed the same. The study also discusses factors that influenced both types of interaction and suggests guidelines on how student-student interaction can be encouraged.
Empirical temperature dependence of the refractive index of semiconductors

Values of the temperature coefficient of the refractive index were obtained from the derivation of a simple relation between energy band‐gap and refractive index in semiconductors. These values, (dn/dT)/n, were compared to the experimental data found in literature. Our model, with only one fitting parameter dB/dT=2.5×10−5 K−1 for all semiconductors, results in the best agreement with experimental data.
Operational, Environmental, and Safety Comparisons between Left-turn Bypass, Diverging Flow and Displacement Left Turn Intersections

The intense exponential growth of the population in the United States and added vehicles to the roads have transportation planners working on solving the congestion issue. People have to travel longer distances and spend more time on the roads causing congestion of the current networks. Thus, the demand for new roadway and intersection design is a high priority, as wasted fuel and travel time increases each year. Conventional intersection design has been in use for many years and transportation engineers know that in order to improve the current design of the intersections there are limited options. There has been a new method to solve the traffic congestion issue which is the creation of unconventional arterial intersection designs (UAIDs). The objective of this study is to compare the operational, safety, and environmental performance of three UAIDs such as the Left-turn Bypass, the Diverging Flow intersection, and the Displaced Left-turn intersection. This study will first evaluate the isolated unconventional intersection designs and then compare the intersections in a network using an existing corridor in the state of Florida. The operational performance will be evaluated based on the different results for average delay time, total number of stops, and queue time, while the environmental analysis will include results for pollution levels. While conducting this study, the microscopic simulation platform VISSIM v. 5.10 will be used to test different scenarios.
Natural substrata for corticioid fungi

The paper reviews the types of substrata inhabited by non-poroid resupinate Homobasidiomycetes in situ in global scale with both examples from literature sources and from observations on Belarus corticioid fungi biota. The groups of organic world colonized by corticioid basidiomata and vegetative mycelium are arboreous, semi-arboreous, and herbaceous vascular plants, Bryophyta, epiphytic coccoid algae, lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, and occasionally myxomycetes and invertebrates. The fungi occur on living, dying, and dead on all decay stages parts of organisms. Besides, the fungi are known on soil, humus, stones, artificial inorganic and synthetic materials and dung.
A novel methodology for revision of the nautical bottom

Since the 1980s, the nautical bottom in the outer harbour of Zeebrugge is determined by the 1150kg.m density level, as due to siltation conventional bottom survey techniques are not adequate. As a consequence of modifications of the mud layer characteristics, a revision of this criterion was required. A research project, involving comprehensive captive model testing in a manoeuvring tank with a bottom covered with mud simulating materials, mathematical modelling and real-time full mission bridge simulator runs, resulted in new criteria, based on the ship behaviour and controllability in muddy navigation areas. The application of the results of this research project increases the efficiency of maintenance dredging works and contributes to the safety of shipping traffic, as the pilots involved in the manoeuvres obtain a more profound insight into specific aspects of ship behaviour. Motivation Introduction Due to sedimentation, permanent maintenance dredging works are required to keep many ports accessible for deep-drafted sea-going vessels. In case of hard bottoms such as rock, clay or sand, the depth of the navigation areas can be determined unambiguously by means of echo sounding techniques; if the bottom is covered with soft mud layers, however, the boundary between water and bottom may be hard to define. In this case, the customary concepts ‘bottom’ and ‘depth’ are to be replaced with ‘nautical bottom’ and ‘nautical depth’. Navigation in muddy areas is not a new problem. The Flemish coastal harbour of Zeebrugge is subject to sedimentation since its major extension in the 1970s. Also in other harbours all over the world, the definition of the bottom and sounding techniques needs to be adapted to the presence of sedimentations: this is the case for the access channels to several harbours in the Netherlands (Rotterdam), France (Bordeaux, Nantes – Saint-Nazaire, Cayenne), Germany (Moderort, Emden, Weser, Brunsbuttel fairways) and the USA. In many harbours (e.g. Bangkok, Maracaibo), it is even common practice to navigate through the mud layer. Neither is ship controllability in muddy navigation areas a new research topic. The first tests with a tanker model above and in contact with mud layers simulated by a mixture of chlorinated paraffin and kerosene were carried out in 1976 at MARIN (Wageningen, the Netherlands: Sellmeijer et al., 1983). In 1986-89, a preliminary test facility for self-propelled ship models was constructed at Flanders Hydraulics Research (Antwerp, Belgium: Van Craenenbroeck et al., 1991; Vantorre, 1991) in order to investigate some aspects of a ship’s behaviour in muddy waterways; for this purpose, both natural, artificially composed and simulated mud layers were used. Also at SOGREAH (Grenoble, France: Brossard et al., 1990) towing tests with a tanker model were carried out in 1989. More recently, model tests were conducted at the Bundesanstalt fur Wasserbau in Hamburg (Uliczka, 2005). Not only model tests were
From BREAST-Q © to Q-Score ©: using Rasch measurement to better capture breast surgery outcomes

The two aims of this study were: 1) to bring together Rasch measurement methods (RMMs) with sub- stantive clinically-grounded hypotheses to develop measures of health-relate d quality of life and patient satisfaction for reconstructive and cosmetic breast surgery; and 2) develop an accessible scoring program to provide automated clini- cally interpretable scores, based on calibrated item locations. We constructed a new patient reported outcome (PRO) in- strument (BREAST-Q ©) from patient interviews (n=48), focus groups (n=18), and expert opinion. It was then field- tested in samples of brea st surgery patients (n=1950 & n=817). Item generation led to three separate modules for different types of breast surgery, each with a pre- and post- operative version: 1) augmentation; 2) reconstruction; and 3) reduction. RMMs supported the summing of items to form a total score for all subscales, in each module. Based on these analyses the Q-Score © scoring algorithm program was developed, tested and finalised. The BREAST-Q © is an advance on the way PROs are currently measured and can provide essential information about the impact and effec- tiveness of breast surgery from the patients' perspective. The Q-Score © program enables the BREAST-Q © to be widely used and interpreted correctly, underpinned by an equivalent frame of reference across different clinical set- tings.
Multilayered Lipid Membrane Stacks for Biocatalysis Using Membrane Enzymes

Multilayered or stacked lipid membranes are a common principle in biology and have various functional advantages compared to single‐lipid membranes, such as their ability to spatially organize processes, compartmentalize molecules, and greatly increase surface area and hence membrane protein concentration. Here, a supramolecular assembly of a multilayered lipid membrane system is reported in which poly‐l‐lysine electrostatically links negatively charged lipid membranes. When suitable membrane enzymes are incorporated, either an ubiquinol oxidase (cytochrome bo 3 from Escherichia coli) or an oxygen tolerant hydrogenase (the membrane‐bound hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha), cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals a linear increase in biocatalytic activity with each additional membrane layer. Electron transfer between the enzymes and the electrode is mediated by the quinone pool that is present in the lipid phase. Using atomic force microscopy, CV, and fluorescence microscopy it is deduced that quinones are able to diffuse between the stacked lipid membrane layers via defect sites where the lipid membranes are interconnected. This assembly is akin to that of interconnected thylakoid membranes or the folded lamella of mitochondria and has significant potential for mimicry in biotechnology applications such as energy production or biosensing.
Long-term observations of the pulsars in 47 Tucanae – I. A study of four elusive binary systems

For the past couple of decades, the Parkes radio telescope has been regularly observing the millisecond pulsars in 47 Tucanae (47 Tuc). This long-term timing programme was designed to address a wide range of scientific issues related to these pulsars and the globular cluster where they are located. In this paper, the first of a series, we address one of these objectives: the characterization of four previously known binary pulsars for which no precise orbital parameters were known, namely 47 Tuc P, V, W and X (pulsars 47 Tuc R and Y are discussed elsewhere). We determined the previously unknown orbital parameters of 47 Tuc V and X and greatly improved those of 47 Tuc P and W. For pulsars W and X we obtained, for the first time, full coherent timing solutions across the whole data span, which allowed a much more detailed characterization of these systems. 47 Tuc W, a well-known tight eclipsing binary pulsar, exhibits a large orbital period variability, as expected for a system of its class. 47 Tuc X turns out to be in a wide, extremely circular, 10.9-d long binary orbit and its position is ∼3.8 arcmin away from the cluster centre, more than three times the distance of any other pulsar in 47 Tuc. These characteristics make 47 Tuc X a very different object with respect to the other pulsars of the cluster.
On (σ, τ)−Derivations in Prime Rings

Let R be a prime ring with characteristic not 2 and U, a nonzero ideal of R. Let σ, τ, α, β, λ, μ : R −→ R automorphisms. In this paper we proved that, (1) Let d : R −→ R, a nonzero (σ, τ)−derivation and a ∈ R. (i) If (a, d(U))λ,μ = 0 then a ∈ Cσ,τ . (ii) If (d(R) ,a )α,β = 0 then a ∈ Z or (dτ �1 β(a) = 0 and dσ �1 α(a) = 0). (iii) If U is a nonzero right ideal of R such that d(U) ⊂ Cλ,μ then R is commutative. (2) Let d1 : R −→ R be a( σ, τ)−derivation and d2 : R −→ R ,a( α, β)−derivation such that d2α = αd2 ,d 2β = βd2. (i) If (d1(U) ,d 2(U))λ,μ = 0 then R is commutative. (ii) If d1d2(U) = 0 then d1 =0 ord2 =0 .
An Empirical Investigation into the Applicability of Fama-French Three Factor Model in Explaining Portfolio Returns: Evidence from Non-Financial Firms on the Ghana Stock Exchange

This paper investigates the applicability of the Fama-French Three Factor Model in explaining, portfolio returns on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Following the model and variables proposed originally by Fama and French (1992), two additional variables firm size and Book-to-Market (BTM) ratio are added in a six Size-BTM portfolios to the excess returns on the market portfolio. Data from the Ghana Stock Exchange database covering the period between 2002 and 2011 were used for the analysis. The results reveal that the portfolio returns on the Ghana stock exchange are better explained by the three factor model proposed by Fama and French (1992).
Determining the Relationships between Selected Variables and Latent Classes in Students’ PISA Achievement

The purpose of this study was to identify the multilevel latent classes for reading, mathematics, and science success of the students, who participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 from Turkey and to determine the predictive ability of i) students‟ perseverance, ii) their openness to problem solving, iii) their economic, social, and cultural status (ESCS), and iv) resources of school in relation to the determined student and school classes using a multilevel approach. The population of this research was school principals and all the 15-year-old students, who attended PISA 2012 in Turkey. Analyses were conducted with the data obtained from a total of 3,196 students and 169 school principals. In the first step, a multilevel latent class analysis was used to investigate the number of these classes in schools reading, mathematics, and science success of the students. Then, a three-step analysis was undertaken to determine the predictive ability of the chosen variables for the identified classes. The results indicated that all the chosen variables significantly predicted the school-level latent class membership. Moreover, analyses suggested that the students‟ ESCS was the most important factor affecting their achievement.
Influence of the rhizosphere in a biopurification system on the dissipation of a pesticide mixture

In a biopurification system such as a biobed, the rhizosphere of the grass layer may be a significant factor for promoting pesticide dissipation in the biomixture. The rhizosphere effect of a Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea and Trifolium repens mixture on the dissipation of a pesticide combination that was composed of atrazine, chlorpyrifos and isoproturon was studied. The assay was performed using glass pots divided into two separate compartments (root surface and root-free), each filled with an organic biomixture (oat husk, top soil and peat) and contaminated with the pesticide mixture at 5 mg kg-1.Non-planted and non-contaminated pots were also used as controls. The results indicated that there were high atrazine, chlorpyrifos and isoproturon dissipation in the planted pots compared with the unplanted pots. An inverse correlation was found throughout the assay between phenoloxidase activity and residual pesticide (0.684 to 0.952). Indeed, fungal biomass was positively correlated with phenoloxidase activity on day 1 (r =0.825) and day 30 (r =0.855). Besides, exudation of oxalic and malic acid in contaminated pots was higher than in the control without pesticides, associated with oxidation of the pesticide mixture in the biomixture of a bioded system. Therefore, the grass layer enhances pesticide removal in biobeds.