Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leaf hydraulic parameters are more plastic in species that experience a wider range of leaf water potentials

Many plant species experience large differences in soil moisture availability within a season, potentially leading to a wide range of leaf water potentials (ΨLEAF). In order to decrease the risk of leaf dehydration, among species, there is a continuum ranging from strict control (isohydry) to little control (anisohydry) of minimum ΨLEAF. In central Texas USA, species are exposed to a range of soil moisture from wet springs to hot, dry summers. There are diverging water management strategies among the four dominant woody species in this system; two of these species are more isohydric (Prosopis glandulosa, Quercus fusiformis) while two others are more anisohydric (Diospyros texana, Juniperus asheii). To maintain leaf turgor and photosynthesis during periods of limited soil moisture, anisohydric species may adjust leaf hydraulic parameters more than isohydric species. To test this hypothesis, we quantified iso/anisohydry from 3 years of ΨLEAF predawn and midday measurements, and we measured the changes in turgor loss points (ΨTLP), osmotic potential at full hydration (Ψπ₁₀₀), and resistance to leaf hydraulic dysfunction (leaf P₅₀) throughout the spring and summer of 2016. Diospyros and Juniperus experienced more negative ΨLEAF and adjusted ΨTLP and Ψπ₁₀₀ in response to both drying soils during the summer also in response to rainfall events during September. In contrast, the more isohydric species (Quercus and Prosopis) did not appear to adjust ΨTLP or Ψπ₁₀₀ in response to soil moisture. The more anisohydric species also adjusted leaf P₅₀ during periods of reduced soil moisture. Our results suggest that species that experience wider ranges of ΨLEAF have a greater ability to alter leaf hydraulic properties. This provides insight on how species with different strategies for water potential regulation may modify properties to mitigate drought effects in the future. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Stages of Headship: A Longitudinal Study of the Principalship.

This paper uses socialization theory to re-examine a unique, 10-year longitudinal study of headteachers so as to describe the stages of headship transition. It outlines prior models of leadership succession in both business and schools and produces a stage theory of headship that can be used not only as a research tool, but also as a way to assist the development of heads and prospective heads. The article outlines the stage theories of socialization and examines previous research on headship-preparation programs. The longitudinal study re-examined here consisted initially of questionnaires that were administered to 188 headteachers. Follow up questionnaires were then distributed to a select number of these principals over a 10-year period. The responses enabled the creation of a model depicting the stages of transition in the headship: Stage 0--preparation prior to headship; Stage 1--entry and encounter (first 2 months); Stage 2--taking hold (months 3-12); Stage 3--reshaping (year 2); Stage 4--refinement (years 3-4); Stage 5--consolidation (years 5-7); and Stage 6--plateau (years 8 and onward). The model should help headteachers understand the likely phases they will experience during their tenure. Although each school is unique, patterns of development are still evident and can be used for preparation and support. (Contains 22 references.) (RJM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Stages of Headship: A Longitudinal Study of the Principalship U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER has been (ERIC) This document reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position cr policy. Introduction Paper presented at AERA New Orleans April 2000 Dick Weindling, Create Consultants, London 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
The Impact of Diabetes on Thyroid Dysfunction and Outcomes in a Native Indian Female Population

Introduction: In the present study, the prevalence and pattern of thyroid dysfunction in an Indian female population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) were assessed. The aim was to find the correlation and comparison between these two major metabolic disorders. Methods: The study was a population-based survey of the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the T2D population. Participants in the study were 137 eligible fe- males aged between 30-to-70 years. The biochemical parameters were body mass index (BMI), glycemic con- trol (fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin A1c), and a thyroid profile (TSH, 34 free T , and free T ). These parameters were measured and compared with the normal population. Medication compliance was also considered. Results: Patients taking medications for both the conditions (T2D and hypo- thyroidism(HO)) showed controlled biochemical investigations compared to patients suffering from individual disorders; patients with both disorders had therapeutic stability. Conclusion: This study suggests that in the female population, T2D and HO are prevalent both individually and jointly. Further, there seems to be a good comparison between patients who have one of the metabolic disorders and those who have only one of them. The significant correlation positive between insulin use by T2D patients and disease complications was posi- tive, and the correlation between hyperthyroidism and BMI was significantly negative. Age positively correlated with HbA1c and T2D duration. A significant correlation between T2D and HO was not established in this stud- y. However, unsuspected/undiagnosed HO may be a matter of consideration for T2D patients. Keywordstype 2 diabeteshypothyroidismmetabolic disorderprevalencebody mass index
Assessment of Quality of Life of the Teachers in Girlâs High School Compared to General Population in Iran

Background: Teachers are one of the most important human resources. The strengths and quality of any educational system depends largely upon their teacher’s work. It has been well documented that teaching is one of the most stressful professions in the world. Aim: This study aimed to determine the teachers’ quality of life in Tehran high schools compares the quality of life of Tehran general population. Subjects and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 190 girl’s high school teachers was selected from 30 schools of Tehran using stratified random sampling. In this study, age, teaching experience, marital status, education, and income were considered independent variables. The SF-36 Quality of Life Scale was used to assess the quality of life. Results: There was a positive association between teaching experience and the mean scores of mental health subscales, and also between marital status and the mean scores of physical functioning, vitality, and total physical health; in other words, the score was higher in single teachers (P<0.05). The mean scores of teachers in this study were significantly lower than the general population in all dimensions of the QOL except for mental health and emotional limitations (P<0.05). Conclusions: In Tehran, teachers have a lower QOL than the general population. This study suggests that adequate coping resources, especially social support, may be an important factor for improving the teachers’ quality of life.
Ecological aspects of spatial orientation

Despite the immense body of literature concerning animal orientation, little previ­ ous effort has been made to prepare a comprehensive discussion and unified theory of orientation ecology, the subdiscipline at the interface between ecology and ethology. Much of the existing orientation literature is widely dispersed, found partially in explicit studies on orientation and partially in countless publications about life histories. In this review, in order to organize this hidden scientific treasure and to facilitate access to it, the concept of orientation ecology is defined, then the subdiscipline is naturally divided into six categories. Finally, within these categories, predictive generalizations or rules, based on induction, deduction, and intuition are formulated. All these rules and principles are preceded by consecutive bold numbers in square brackets to facilitate recognition.
Boosting Document Retrieval with Knowledge Extraction and Linked Data

Given a document collection, Document Retrieval is the task of returning the most relevant documents for a specified user query. In this paper, we assess a document retrieval approach exploiting Linked Open Data and Knowledge Extraction techniques. Based on Natural Language Processing methods (e.g., Entity Linking, Frame Detection), knowledge extraction allows disambiguating the semantic content of queries and documents, linking it to established Linked Open Data resources (e.g., DBpedia, YAGO) from which additional semantic terms (entities, types, frames, temporal information) are imported to realize a semantic-based expansion of queries and documents. The approach, implemented in the KE4IR system, has been evaluated on different state-of-the-art datasets, on a total of 555 queries and with document collections spanning from few hundreds to more than a million of resources. The results show that the expansion with semantic content extracted from queries and documents enables consistently outperforming retrieval performances when only textual information is exploited; on a specific dataset for semantic search, KE4IR outperforms a reference ontology-based search system. The experiments also validate the feasibility of applying knowledge extraction techniques for document retrieval —i.e., processing the document collection, building the expanded index, and searching over it— on large collections (e.g., TREC WT10g).
Current understanding of the driving mechanisms for spatiotemporalvariations of atmospheric speciated mercury: a review

Abstract. Atmospheric mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant and thought to be the main source of mercury in oceanic and remote terrestrial systems, where it becomes methylated and bioavailable; hence, atmospheric mercury pollution has global consequences for both human and ecosystem health. Understanding of spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric speciated mercury can advance our knowledge of mercury cycling in various environments. This review summarized spatiotemporal variations of total gaseous mercury or gaseous elemental mercury (TGM/GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM) in various environments including oceans, continents, high elevation, the free troposphere, and low to high latitudes. In the marine boundary layer (MBL), the oxidation of GEM was generally thought to drive the diurnal and seasonal variations of TGM/GEM and GOM in most oceanic regions, leading to lower GEM and higher GOM from noon to afternoon and higher GEM during winter and higher GOM during spring–summer. At continental sites, the driving mechanisms of TGM/GEM diurnal patterns included surface and local emissions, boundary layer dynamics, GEM oxidation, and for high-elevation sites mountain–valley winds, while oxidation of GEM and entrainment of free tropospheric air appeared to control the diurnal patterns of GOM. No pronounced diurnal variation was found for Tekran measured PBM at MBL and continental sites. Seasonal variations in TGM/GEM at continental sites were attributed to increased winter combustion and summertime surface emissions, and monsoons in Asia, while those in GOM were controlled by GEM oxidation, free tropospheric transport, anthropogenic emissions, and wet deposition. Increased PBM at continental sites during winter was primarily due to local/regional coal and wood combustion emissions. Long-term TGM measurements from the MBL and continental sites indicated an overall declining trend. Limited measurements suggested TGM/GEM increasing from the Southern Hemisphere (SH) to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) due largely to the vast majority of mercury emissions in the NH, and the latitudinal gradient was insignificant in summer probably as a result of stronger meridional mixing. Aircraft measurements showed no significant vertical variation in GEM over the field campaign regions; however, depletion of GEM was observed in stratospherically influenced air masses. In examining the remaining questions and issues, recommendations for future research needs were provided, and among them is the most imminent need for GOM speciation measurements and fundamental understanding of multiphase redox kinetics.
Isolation and Characterization of Novel Alginate-Degrading Pseudoalteromonas sp. Y-4

To isolate an alginate-degrading bacterium, we conducted a single colony isolation using a solid medium containing alginate as the sole carbon source. A marine bacterium Y-4 capable of degrading alginate was isolated from seawater. The strain was identified to be Pseudoalteromonas sp. , based on morphological, biochemical, 16S rDNA homology, and phylogenetic analyses. Moreover, Pseudoalteromonas sp. Y-4 exhibited alginate lyase activity in the presence of 4% alginate even though many known alginatedegrading bacteria degrade in the range of 0.5-1% alginate. The optimum culture conditions for the Y-4 strain were 2% alginate, pH 8.0, and 3% NaCl at 30°C. The highest alginate lyase activity was also observed under the same conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first reported isolation of a marine bacterium degrading high concentrations of alginate.
Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on Ambrosia rtemisiifolia L. seed germination

SUMMARY Soil bacteria are able either to stimulate or inhibit seed germination. If seed germination is stimulated, the seedlings of weed species emerge more uniformly, so that they could be killed in the next step of weed control. This investigation focused on testing the germination of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. on several media: Pseudomonas fluorescens (B1), Azotobacter chroococcum (B2), Bacillus licheniformis (B3), B. pumilus (B4), B. amyloliquefaciens (B5). In control, seeds germinated in water. Seed germination varied depending on bacterial media. Germination was inhibited by bacterial treatments B1 and B3, treatments B2 and B4 stimulated germination, while germination in treatment B5 was similar to control.
Extrapolating cetacean densities beyond surveyed regions: habitat‐based predictions in the circumtropical belt

Our knowledge of cetacean distributions is impeded by large data‐gaps worldwide, particularly at tropical latitudes. This study aims to (1) find generic relationships between cetaceans and their habitats in a range of tropical waters, and (2) extrapolate cetacean densities in a circumtropical belt extending far beyond surveyed regions.
Effects of Oral Administration of Difructose Anhydride III on Selected Health and Blood Parameters of Group-housed Japanese Black Calves during the Preweaning Period

Two field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) as a supplement in colostrum replacer (CR) for improving the general health status (judged on the basis of incidence of enteritis, bronchitis, and pneumonia) of group-housed suckling Japanese Black calves. In a preliminary study, CR supplemented with DFA III (6 g) was orally administered within 24 h of calving to eight individually reared calves fed colostrum (DFA III group) (Exp. 1). Subsequently, CR supplemented with DFA III (6 g) was orally administered twice within 2 and 12 h of calving to four calves (DFA III group) that were not fed colostrum (Exp. 2). In both experiments, the health status of the calves was assessed during the preweaning period. In Exp. 2, hematological and blood-chemistry parameters were analyzed 24 h after the second administration of CR and at 1 wk and 1 month after calving. The results were compared between the DFA III and control groups (without DFA III supplementation; Exp. 1: n = 10, Exp. 2: n = 4). In Exp. 1, the number of calves requiring medications for the treatment of enteritis, bronchitis, and pneumonia during the pre- weaning period was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the DFA III group than in the control group. In Exp. 2, supplementation of DFA III did not influence the gain in body weight of calves during the pre-weaning period. Calves in the DFA III group tended to require medications for a shorter duration than those in the control group (DFA III: 10.3 d/calf, control: 21.3 d/calf; p = 0.07). Significant differences (p<0.05) in the level of mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total protein, total cholesterol, and immunoglobulin (Ig)G were observed between the DFA III and control groups. These differences probably reflect the health and nutritional status of the calves. Additionally, the serum iron and lactoferrin concentrations at 24 h and 1 wk after calving, respectively, differed significantly between the 2 groups. These concentrations might reflect the incidence of infections after calving. The present study revealed that the administration
A Comparative Study of Two Corbicula Morphs (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) Inhabiting River Danube

In Europe, at least two Corbicula morphs (generally referred as C. fluminea and C. fluminalis) are known. However, their taxonomic and systematic position is controversial. In order to ascertain their taxonomy and systematics, we studied their characteristics in River Danube. Morphometric analysis confirmed the existence of two distinguishable morphs. Based on mtCOI sequence, morph-1 is identical to C. fluminea, while morph-2 is an undefined species. According to the median joining analysis, morph-1 belongs to the C. fluminea clade, whereas morph-2 forms a distinct clade, which is known only from invasive populations. Differences were recorded in population structure and reproductive biology, too. It is probably correct to treat the two morphs as distinct taxa, but as long as the African and western Asian parts of the genus’ range are poorly studied, taxonomic position of morph-2 remains unclear. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RETURNS TO CASH TRANSFERS : EVIDENCE FROM A UGANDAN AID PROGRAM 1

A growing share of the world is young, poor, and underemployed. A widespread view is such people have high returns to investment but are credit constrained. Hence, aid in the form of capital or credit should expand occupational choice, self-employment and earnings. The evidence from transfers to established businesspeople is optimistic (at least for men), but little of this evidence concerns the young and unemployed. Meanwhile, the evidence from credit or highly conditional transfers of capital to the poorest is ambiguous or pessimistic. The ideal experiment— cash transfers for self-employment—is rare. To fill this gap, we randomize a large cash transfer program in northern Uganda. We follow thousands of largely unemployed youth two and four years after receiving grants worth twice their annual income. Most invest the transfers in vocations and earnings rise by at least 40%, especially among the more credit-constrained, patient, and risk-averse. Both male and female returns are high, yet while male controls catch up over time, female controls do not, suggesting the credit constraints facing Ugandan women are more severe. Finally, we consider the social returns to cash transfers. Poor, unemployed men are associated with social fragmentation and unrest and employment programs are predicated on their potential to reduce these negative social externalities. Despite impressive economic gains, however, we see almost no impact on cohesion, aggression, peaceful collective action, or violent protest. These results challenge a large body of theory and a common policy rationale for enhanced public spending on jobs and poverty relief.
Preparation of calcium alginate-tetrandrine beads using ionic gelation method as colon-targeted dosage form

© 2018 Raditya Iswandana et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License -NonCommercialShareAlikeUnported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). *Corresponding Author Raditya Iswandana, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Formulation and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia. E-mail: raditya @ farmasi.ui. ac.id Preparation of Calcium Alginate-Tetrandrine Beads Using Ionic Gelation Method as Colon-Targeted Dosage Form
Adeno-Assocated Virus ( AAV ) Serotype 9 Provides Global Cardiac Gene Transfer Superior to AAV 1 , AAV 6 , AAV 7 , and AAV 8 in the Mouse and Rat

Heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Cardiac gene transfer may serve as a novel therapeutic approach. This investigation was undertaken to compare cardiac tropisms of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Neonatal mice were injected with 2.5 × 1011 genome copies (GC) of AAV serotype 1, 6, 7, 8, or 9 expressing LacZ under the control of the constitutive chicken β-actin promoter with cytomegalovirus enhancer promoter via intrapericardial injection and monitored for up to 1 year. Adult rats were injected with 5 × 1011 GC of the AAV vectors via direct cardiac injection and monitored for 1 month. Cardiac distribution of LacZ expression was assessed by X-Gal histochemistry, and β-galactosidase activity was quantified in a chemiluminescence assay. Cardiac functional data and biodistribution data were also collected in the rat. AAV9 provided global cardiac gene transfer stable for up to 1 year that was superior to other serotypes. LacZ expression was relatively cardiac specific, and cardiac function was unaffected by gene transfer. AAV9 provides high-level, stable expression in the mouse and rat heart and may provide a simple alternative to the creation of cardiac-specific transgenic mice. AAV9 should be used in rodent cardiac studies and may be the vector of choice for clinical trials of cardiac gene transfer. Disciplines Cardiovascular Diseases | Comparative and Laboratory Animal Medicine | Medicine and Health Sciences | Veterinary Medicine Author(s) Lawrence T. Bish, Kevin J. Morine, Margaret M. Sleeper, Julio Sanmiguel, Di Wu, Guangping Gao, James M. Wilson, and H. Lee Sweeney This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/vet_papers/11 HUMAN GENE THERAPY 19:1359–1368 (December 2008) © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008. 123 Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Serotype 9 Provides Global Cardiac Gene Transfer Superior to AAV1, AAV6, AAV7, and AAV8 in the Mouse and Rat Lawrence T. Bish,1 Kevin Morine,1 Meg M. Sleeper,2 Julio Sanmiguel,3 Di Wu,3 Guangping Gao,4 James M. Wilson,3 and H. Lee Sweeney1
Utilizing an Enhanced Cellular Automata Model for Data Mining

Data mining deals with clustering and classifying large amounts of data, in order to discover new knowledge from the existent data by identifying correlations and relationships between various data-sets. Cellular automata have been used before for classification purposes. This paper presents a cellular automata enhanced classification algorithm for data mining. Experimental results show that the proposed enhancement gives better performance in terms of accuracy and execution time than previous work using cellular automata.