Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rumpling instability in thermal barrier systems under isothermal conditions in vacuum

Bond coat (BC) surface rumpling has been identified as one of the important mechanisms that can lead to failure of thermal barrier coatings. The driving force behind rumpling—whether the stresses in the thermally grown oxide over the BC or the stresses in the BC—remains to be clarified. Also, the mass transport mechanisms in the BC leading to rumpling are not clearly identified. In the present investigation, we subjected two types of BC–superalloy systems, nickel aluminide and platinum aluminide BCs on a Ni-based superalloy, to isothermal exposure at temperatures ranging from 1150°C to 1200°C in vacuum. The results show that the nickel aluminide BC rumples at 1200°C and at 1175°C in the absence of significant oxidation. The wavelength of the rumpled surfaces was 60–100 μm, with an amplitude of 5–8 μm. The rumpling was insensitive to the initial BC surface morphology. At 1150°C, no clear rumpling was observed, but some surface undulations could be seen related to the BC grains. The platinum aluminide BC with an initially polished surface showed the formation of dome-like structures corresponding to the BC grains at 1200°C, indicating a strong influence of BC grain boundary diffusion on the BC rumpling. The above observations indicate that large-scale mass transport manifested in the form of BC rumpling can occur in the absence of a significant oxide layer. The stresses in the BC appear to be sufficient to cause the rumpling behaviour. The current rumpling results are discussed in the context of the possible mechanisms. It is concluded that various diffusive processes (grain boundary, surface and bulk diffusion) in the BC driven by the BC stresses lead to the rumpling behaviour observed in the current study.
Revealing a Highly Dynamic Cluster Core in Abell 1664 with Chandra

We present new, deep (245 ks) Chandra observations of the galaxy cluster Abell 1664 (z = 0.1283). These images reveal rich structure, including elongation and accompanying compressions of the X-ray isophotes in the NE–SW direction, suggesting that the hot gas is sloshing in the gravitational potential. This sloshing has resulted in cold fronts, at distances of 50, 110, and 325 kpc from the cluster center. Our results indicate that the core of A1664 is highly disturbed, as the global metallicity and cooling time flatten at small radii, implying mixing on a range of scales. The central active galactic nucleus (AGN) appears to have recently undergone a mechanical outburst, as evidenced by our detection of cavities. These cavities are the X-ray manifestations of radio bubbles inflated by the AGN and may explain the motion of cold molecular CO clouds previously observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The estimated mechanical power of the AGN, using the minimum energy required to inflate the cavities as a proxy, is erg s−1, which may be enough to drive the molecular gas flows, and offset the cooling luminosity of the intracluster medium, at erg s−1. This mechanical power is orders of magnitude higher than the measured upper limit on the X-ray luminosity of the central AGN, suggesting that its black hole may be extremely massive and/or radiatively inefficient. We map temperature variations on the same spatial scale as the molecular gas and find that the most rapidly cooling gas is mostly coincident with the molecular gas reservoir centered on the brightest cluster galaxy’s systemic velocity observed with ALMA and may be fueling cold accretion onto the central black hole.
Nutritional and other factors affecting efficacy of B-agonists in pigs.

Genetic selection and increased understanding of nutrition over the last decade or so has led to tremendous improvements in the efficient production of highquality lean pork. A characteristic of these leaner pigs is that they have higher levels of the naturally occurring hormone, somatotropin (or growth hormone). It has been known for several decades that injection of pigs with tissue extracts containing porcine somatotropin (pST) results in increased lean tissue deposition and decreased fat accretion in growing pigs. Advances in biotechnology have now provided a means of producing PST on a commercial scale and the efficacy of daily injection of recombinantly-derived pST for improving productive performance of swine is beyond doubt. Administration of PST has to be via daily injection, or as a slow release device because PST is a peptide hormone and is digested if given in the feed. However, a group of orally-active compounds which alter the ratio of lean to fat deposition have recently become available for research purposes and currently being trialed for commercial use. This group of compounds, which includes ractopamine, salbutamol, cimaterol, clenbuter01, Ro 16-87 14, BRL-47672 and L-644,969, are broadly called R-agonists because they all act through the Isreceptors on the target tissues. Hence, one of the acute actions of l3-agonists on fat tissue is to decrease fat synthesis and to increase fat breakdown. The actions on lean tissue are less well documented but probably the l3agonists decrease skeletal muscle protein breakdown. The actions of a Dunshea, 1993) and therefore the aim of this paper is not to cover this area again but rather to discuss some of the factors which may interact with D-agonists and influence their efficacy. These factors include non-nutritional factors such as dose, genotype, sex, duration of treatment and age of the animals and nutritional factors such as dietary protein and energy. The structure of the D-agonist also determines efficacy and the reader is referred to the review by Timmerman (1987) for the attributes of potential nutrient partitioning agents. Non-Nutritional Factors
Duality with Linear-Feedback Schemes for the Scalar Gaussian MAC and BC

We show that with perfect feedback and when restricting to linear-feedback schemes, the regions achieved over the two-user scalar Gaussian memoryless MAC and over the two-user scalar Gaussian memoryless BC coincide, if the MAC and the BC have equal channel coefficients and if the same (sum-)power constraint P is imposed on their inputs. Since the achievable region for the MAC is well known (it equals Ozarow's perfect-feedback capacity region under a sum-power constraint), we can characterize the region that is achievable over the scalar Gaussian BC with linear-feedback schemes.
Heterogeneous Intermediary Capital and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns∗

This paper examines how heterogeneity in intermediary capital – the equity capital ratio of the largest financial intermediaries in the U.S. – affects the crosssection of stock returns. I estimate the exposure (i.e., beta) of individual stocks to a shock in the dispersion of intermediary capital and find that stocks in the lowest beta decile generate an additional 6.8% 8.2% annual return relative to stocks in the highest beta decile. Using data from Institutional (13F) Holdings, I also find evidence that low-capital intermediaries, who hold riskier assets than high-capital intermediaries, face leverage-induced fire sales during bad times. I propose a model of heterogeneous intermediary capital in which heterogeneous risk preference between highand low-capital intermediaries leads to a countercyclical variation in aggregate risk aversion and a risk premium. The model states that the dispersion of intermediary capital is priced in the cross-section of asset prices, which supports the empirical findings.
Cosmic Distance Duality Relation and the Shape of Galaxy Clusters

Observations in the cosmological domain are heavily dependent on the validity of the cosmic distance-duality (DD) relation, D_L(z) (1 + z)^{2}/D_{A}(z) = 1, an exact result required by the Etherington reciprocity theorem where D_L(z) and D_A(z) are, respectively, the luminosity and angular diameter distances. In the limit of very small redshifts D_A(z) = D_L(z) and this ratio is trivially satisfied. Measurements of Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE) and X-rays combined with the DD relation have been used to determine D_A(z)from galaxy clusters. This combination offers the possibility of testing the validity of the DD relation, as well as determining which physical processes occur in galaxy clusters via their shapes. We use WMAP (7 years) results by fixing the conventional LCDM model to verify the consistence between the validity of DD relation and different assumptions about galaxy cluster geometries usually adopted in the literature. We assume that $\eta$ is a function of the redshift parametrized by two different relations: \eta(z) = 1 + \eta_{0}z, and \eta(z)=1 + \eta_{0}z/(1+z), where \eta_0 is a constant parameter quantifying the possible departure from the strict validity of the DD relation. In order to determine the probability density function (PDF) of \eta_{0}, we consider the angular diameter distances from galaxy clusters recently studied by two different groups by assuming elliptical (isothermal) and spherical (non-isothermal) $\beta$ models. The strict validity of the DD relation will occur only if the maximum value of \eta_{0} PDF is centered on \eta_{0}=0. It was found that the elliptical $\beta$ model is in good agreement with the data, showing no violation of the DD relation (PDF peaked close to \eta_0=0 at 1-sigma), while the spherical (non-isothermal) one is only marginally compatible at 3-sigma.
Determinants of smoking and cessation in older women

Background: although the benefits of quitting smoking even at an advanced age have been proved, few campaigns target the older population. The goals of this study were to analyse the characteristics of older women smokers to help and support those wanting to quit. Methods: we assessed the determinants of smoking cessation in a prospective cohort study performed in 7,609 older women. A questionnaire about smoking habits was sent to the 486 eligible smokers. Smoking dependence and smokers’ readiness to quit was assessed. Participants who had quit smoking during follow-up were asked about their previous reasons for quitting and the methods used to quit. Results: 372 women of the 424 (88%) responded to our questionnaire and were included. The most common reasons for smoking were relaxation, pleasure, and habit. Major obstacles to quitting smoking were ‘no benefit to quitting at an advanced age’, ‘smoking few or ‘‘light’’ cigarettes yields no negative health consequences’, and ‘smoking does not increase osteoporotic risk’. During the 3-year follow-up period, 57 of the 372 (15%) women successfully quit smoking. Being an occasional smoker (OR = 2.4) and reporting ‘quitting is not difficult’ (OR = 3.7) were positively associated with having recently quit smoking. Only 11% of successful cessations were reported to have received physician advice. Conclusions: these data illustrate the specific smoking behaviour of older women, suggesting that cessation interventions ought to be tailored to these characteristics. Willingness to quit was associated with a low education level. The most frequent obstacles to quitting were all based on incorrect information.
Momentum in Emerging Markets: Investigation of Overconfidence and Cognitive Bias Factors

The purpose of this paper is to check if investors in emerging markets, especially in the Tunisian stock market, have the same psychological biases as those documented in developed markets. To achieve this purpose we adopt a survey approach that uses the investigation technique through the development and distribution of a questionnaire describing some scenarios related to behavioral biases - either suggested by theory or extracted from reality- that are suspected to generate the momentum phenomenon. Our major findings are: the Tunisian investor seems to be prudent, non confident, over opportunistic, sensitive to rumors and conservative. These psychological biases were confirmed either by examining the correlation between variables or by the aggregation of all these variables in factorial axes.
Advancements on NLP Applications for Manipuri Language

Manipuri is both a minority and morphologically rich language with genetic features similar to Tibeto Burman languages. It has Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order, agglutinative verb morphology and is monosyllabic. Morphology and syntax are not clearly distinguished in this language. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a useful research field of computer science that deals with processing of a large amount of natural language corpus. The NLP applications encompass E-Dictionary, Morphological Analyzer, Reduplicated Multi-Word Expression (RMWE), Named Entity Recognition (NER), Part of Speech (POS) Tagging, Machine Translation (MT), Word Net, Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) etc. In this paper, we present a study on the advancements in NLP applications for Manipuri language, at the same time presenting a comparison table of the approaches and techniques adopted and the results obtained of each of the applications followed by a detail discussion of each work.
Measurement of Coherence Bandwidth in UHF Radio Channels for Narrowband Networks

This paper presents results of investigation on the coherence bandwidth of narrowband radio channels in 430 MHz band. The coherence bandwidth values were estimated from a power delay profile obtained by recording CDMA2000 forward channel signals during real-field measurements in various environments: medium city, flat terrain, and hilly terrain in northern Poland. The results of measurements are compared with characteristic parameters of UHF radio channel models defined for exemplary narrowband digital system from the TETRA standard. In all of the tested environments, the coherence bandwidth values during most of an observation time were much higher than 25 kHz. Therefore, the fading in tested UHF narrowband channels should be classified as flat fading.
Discovery of a Nuclear Gas Bar Feeding the Active Nucleus in Circinus

We report the discovery of gas inflow motions toward the active nucleus of the Circinus galaxy caused by the nonaxisymmetric potential of a nuclear gas bar. Evidence for dust associated with the bar comes from the HST/NICMOS H-K color map, whereas the streaming motions along the gas bar are seen in the velocity field of the H2 S(1) (1-0) emission line. The gas bar is about 100 pc long with a visual extinction in excess of 10 mag. Indication for the gaseous nature of this bar comes from the lack of a stellar counterpart even in the K band, where the extinction is greatly reduced. We also use the NICMOS emission-line images (Paα, [Si VI], and [Fe II]) to study the innermost region of the ionization cones and the nuclear star-forming activity. We discuss the possible relationship of these components with the gaseous bar.
THE NATURE OF MOUNTAIN GEOMORPHOLOGY

A century of study suggests many common characteristics in the geomorphic nature of high mountain areas. These include important structural influences in the landscape, usually on a variety of spatial scales, and contrasting climatic conditions (often confounded with vegetation distributions) which also exhibit a wide spatial variability. Most high mountain terrain also shows evidence of ancient erosion surfaces as well as that of past glacial action and other, less direct, consequences of late-Pleistocene environmental changes. The resulting landscape is one of high relief and highly variable potential energy. This is reflected in a history of recent erosion by large catastrophic events and a high potential for accelerated erosion where mountain terrain is impacted by man's activity. Such common characteristics suggest that mountain geomorphology be considered as a "regional" component within geomorphology.
Factors That Affect Tax Compliance among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in North Central Nigeria

Tax is an important stream of revenue for government’s development projects. However, tax compliance among SMEs is poor. Therefore, this study was conducted using SMEs in Zaria, North-Central Nigeria to evaluate and rank the factors that encourage non-compliance with tax obligation by SMEs. It was found that high tax rates and complex filing procedures are the most crucial factors causing non-compliance of SMEs. Other factors like multiple taxation and lack of proper enlightenment affect tax compliance among the SMEs surveyed only to a lesser extent. Therefore, it is recommended that SMEs should be levied lower percentage of taxes to allow enough funds for business development and better chances of survival in a competitive market. The government should also consider increasing tax incentives such as exemptions and tax holidays as these will not only encourage voluntary compliance but also attract investors who are potential viable tax payers in the future.
The Licensing Dilemma: Understanding the Determinants of the Rate of Technology Licensing

The licensing of technology entails a tradeoff: Licensing payments net of transaction costs (revenue effect) must be balanced against the lower price-cost margin and/or reduced market share implied by increased competition (profit dissipation effect) from the licensee. We argue that the presence of multiple technology holders, which compete in the market for technology, changes such a tradeoff and triggers more aggressive licensing behavior. To test our theory, we analyze technology licensing by large chemical firms during the period 1986-96 for 107 chemical products. We find that the rate of technology licensing displays an inverted U-shaped relationship with the number of potential technology suppliers and is negatively related to the licensor's market share and to the degree of technology-specific product differentiation.
Word Embeddings in Sentiment Analysis

English. In the late years sentiment analysis and its applications have reached growing popularity. Concerning this field of research, in the very late years machine learning and word representation learning derived from distributional semantics field (i.e. word embeddings) have proven to be very successful in performing sentiment analysis tasks. In this paper we describe a set of experiments, with the aim of evaluating the impact of word embedding-based features in sentiment analysis tasks. Italiano. Recentemente la Sentiment Analysis e le sue applicazioni hanno acquisito sempre maggiore popolarità. In tale ambito di ricerca, negli ultimi anni il machine learning e i metodi di rappresentazione delle parole che derivano dalla semantica distribuzionale (nello specifico i word embedding) si sono dimostrati molto efficaci nello svolgimento dei vari compiti collegati con la sentiment analysis. In questo articolo descriviamo una serie di esperimenti condotti con l’obiettivo di valutare l’impatto dell’uso di feature basate sui word embedding nei vari compiti della
Quality Assurance of Gas Electron Multiplier Detectors

Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors are special of position sensitive gas filled detectors used in several particle physics experiments. They are capable of submillimeter spatial resolution and energy resolution (FWHM) of the order of 20%. GEM detectors can operate with rates up to 50 kHz/mm, withstand radiation excellently and can be manufactured up to square meter sizes. This thesis describes the Quality Assurance (QA) methods used in the assembly of 50 GEM detectors for the TOTEM T2 telescope at the LHC at CERN. Further development of optical QA methods used in T2 detector assembly lead into development of a unique large-area scanning system capable of sub-μm resolution. The system, its capability and the software used in the analysis of the scans are described in detail. A correlation was found between one of the main characteristics of the detector, the gas gain, and the results of the optical QA method. It was shown, that a qualitative estimation of the gain can be made based on accurate optical measurement of the microscopic features of the detector components. Ability to predict the performance of individual components of the detectors is extremely useful in large scale production of GEM based detectors.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPETENSI PADA KELOMPOK USIA LANJUT DI KECAMATAN PEGANDON KABUPATEN KENDAL.

Latar belakang; Hipertensi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan pada kelompok lanjut usia. Sebagai hasil pembangunan yang pesat dewasa ini dapat meningkatkan umur harapan hidup, sehingga jumlah lansia bertambah setiap tahunnya. Ironisnya peningkatan usia sering dibarengi dengan meningkatnya penyakit degeneratif dan masalah kesehatan lain pada kelompok ini. Hipertensi sebagai salah satu penyakit degeneratif yang sering dijumpai pada kelompok lansia. Profil kesehatan kabupaten Kendal tahun 2002 menunjukan bahwa hipertensi menduduki peringkat pertama 10 besar penyakit lansia jalan di Puskesmas dan peringkat ketiga penyakit degeneratif di RSUD dan RSI Kendal. Tingginya penyakit hipertensi di Kabupaten Kendal diduga berhubungan dengan faktor resiko antara lain : umur, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, diet lemak dan diet kalsium. Sehingga sebagai tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diperolehnya gambaran mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi di kecamatan Pegandon dengan melibatkan responden sebanyak 190 0rang lansia ( 95 orang penderita hipertensi sebagai kasus dan 95 orang bukan penderita hipertensi sebagai kontrol) yang berkunjung ke posyandu-posyandu lansia di Kecamatan Pegandon, Kabupaten Kendal. Bahan dan Cara : Penelitian kasus kontrol dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari KMS lansia dan buku Catatan Kader serta data hasil wawancara dan pengukuran-pengukuran serta analisis untuk menguji sejumlah hipotesis. Hasil: ditemukan cukup bukti secara statistik hubungan dua faktor resiko spesifik (p 60 tahun ( OR=0,49 - 95% CL 0,28 - 0,89) Kebiasaan merokok (OR=0,25 - 95%CL 0,09-0,72). Kesimpulan: Kejadian penyakit hipertensi pada kelompok lansia di Kecamatan Pegandon, Kabupaten Kendal berhubungan dengan factor resiko IMT beresiko (>25 Kg/m2) dan konsumsi lemak berlebih. Kata Kunci: Faktor resiko, hipertensi, lanjut usia.
Content Analysis of Stochastic Volatility Model in Discrete and Continuous Time Setting

This study investigated the popularity of stochastic volatility in recent literature. Stochastic volatility models are common in the financial markets and decision making process. Efficient managing scenarios to these problems will reduce risks in future valuations in many financial assets. A volatility model that is stochastic can better capture the time-varying elements mostly absent in its counterpart, a standard volatility model. In this study, a content analysis is conducted to extract information on mostly used enhancement-stochastic models available in literature. The finding indicates that stochastic volatility with long memory pioneers in SciVerse search engine, whereas stochastic volatility with jump is the highest numbers in publication, in particular the Google Scholar.
The Surge in Capital Flows: Analysis of 'Pull' and 'Push' Factors

This paper uses an intertemporal optimizing model of a small open economy facing imperfect world capital markets to assess the effects of "pull" and "push" factors on capital flows, asset accumulation, and the real exchange rate. A positive money demand shock raises consumption and holdings of foreign assets and appreciates the real exchange rate in the long run; it has an ambiguous effect on real money balances on impact. A positive productivity shock in the traded goods sector also leads to a long-run real appreciation (the Balassa-Samuelson effect), but the impact effect on relative prices is ambiguous. An increase in government spending on home goods leads to a real appreciation in the long run, but it has an ambiguous effect on the economy's stock of net foreign assets. The dynamic effects associated with a reduction in the world interest rate depend on the degree of intertemporal substitution in consumption and the initial asset position of private agents. Copyright @ 1998 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved.