Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Students of a Tertiary Institution in Jos, Nigeria

A tertiary institution in Jos that admits students who are resident in the hostel where sources of water are from borehole, rain and commercial sachet water had complains from the students as a result of stomach pains and discomfort. The prevalence of intestinal parasites and most prevalent parasite among students of Federal School of Medical Science, Jos through experimental study was conducted among all the students available in the hostel of the tertiary institution in the month of September 2017 and analyzed with Percentages. Sixty faecal samples were examined for intestinal parasites by Macroscopy, Microscopy: direct and formol-ether concentration techniques. Twenty six (26) out of sixty samples were positive for intestinal parasites giving a prevalence of 43.3%. The age groups 15-20 and 21-25 years had the highest prevalence of 34.6%. Age groups between 31-35 had the lowest of 3.8%. Parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (69.2%) hookworm (15.4%) and Schitosoma mansoni (15.4%). This study shows that students who use borehole (65.4%) were more infected than those drinking rain water (15.4%) and sachet water (19.2%). The prevalence in males were (26.9%) and females (73.1%) than those who washed their vegetables (23.1%). Students of Federal School of Medical Laboratory Science, Jos had a parasite prevalence of 43% of which Ascaris lumbricoides was more prevalent (69.2) followed by Hookworm (15.4) and Schistosoma mansoni (15.4). The management of the school should provide safe water and adequate education for prevention.
Tooth‐Related Pain or Not?

Dental pain is the most common acute pain presenting in the orofacial region; however, chronic pain conditions are also frequent and include; temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs), primary headaches (neurovascular pain), painful post‐traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PPTTN) and less commonly referred pain and idiopathic or centralized pain conditions. All of these conditions can mimic toothache and vice versa. Many of these conditions are comorbid with high levels of tension headache and migraine reported in patients with TMD; however, dentists remain unfamiliar with headaches and medics unfamiliar with toothache's multiple presentations. The anatomical complexity of the region, the potential exhaustive differential diagnoses and the multiple siloed training of specialties, leads to incorrect and delayed diagnosis and often results in patients undergoing inappropriate surgical and medical treatments. The continued inappropriate interventions may also complicate the later presentation of the patient with pain, by changing its phenotype, preventing a timely and correct diagnosis. Due to the variable presentation of toothache, which can mimic many different chronic pains including; episodic throbbing pain of migraine, the dull continuous pain of myofascial and arthrogenous TMDs or centralized facial pain, diagnosis can be complex. Neuralgic pain occurs in the dentition in health and with disease, mimicking conditions like PPTTN, trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs), many patients are inappropriately diagnosed and treated, either by general medical practitioners assuming that the neuralgia is due to TN rather than more commonly presenting toothache or by a dentists or other surgeons continuing to treat TN or TACs with routine surgical care. Many patients are prescribed countless courses of antibiotics and undergo multiple surgical interventions simply as a result of poor education due to siloed specialty training. This must be addressed to improve patient safety.
THE EFFECT OF COMPANY CHARACTERISTICS TO COST OF DEBT

The objective of this research is to examine the effect of firm’s characteristics (age, firm size, market to book ratio, and leverage) as the independent variable to cost of debt of the firm as the dependent variable of firms that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2011-2015 periods. This research uses multiple linear regressions in a panel data for all of the research’s observation that used in this research. The number of observation in this research are 1485 observations, consist of 297 firms that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2011-2015 period. The result shows that age and market to book ratio have a positive significant effect on the cost of debt. On the other hand, firm size and leverage have no significant effect on the cost of debt.
Human Pegivirus Infection and Lymphoma Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Human pegivirus (HPgV) is a single-strand RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae. Although no definitive association between HPgV infection and disease has been identified, previous studies have suggested an association of HPgV viremia with risk of lymphomas. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, including 1 cohort study and 14 case-control studies, assessing the association of HPgV viremia with adult lymphomas. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model, overall and by geographic region and lymphoma subtype. RESULTS The overall OR for lymphoma was 2.85 (95% CI, 1.98-4.11), with statistically significantly elevated ORs observed in 8 of 15 studies. There was a small amount of heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 28.9%; Q = 18.27, P = .16), and the funnel plot provided no evidence for publication bias. The strongest association with lymphoma risk was observed for studies from Southern Europe (OR, 5.68 [95% CI, 1.98-16.3]), whereas weaker ORs (with 95% CIs) were observed for studies from North America (2.24 [1.76-2.85]), Northern Europe (2.90 [.45-18.7), and the Middle East (2.51 [.87-7.27]), but all of similar magnitude. Participants with HPgV viremia had statistically significantly increased risks (OR [95% CI]) for developing diffuse large B-cell (3.29 [1.63-6.62]), follicular (3.01 [1.95-4.63]), marginal zone (1.90 [1.13-3.18]), and T-cell (2.11 [1.17-3.89]) lymphomas, while the risk for Hodgkin lymphoma (3.53 [.48-25.9]) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1.45 [.45-4.66]) were increased but did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis supports a positive association of HPgV viremia with lymphoma risk, overall and for the major lymphoma subtypes.
Severe or Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Caused by Novel USH2A Variants in Korea: Potential Genotype-Phenotype Correlation

Objectives We, herein, report two novel USH2A variants from two unrelated Korean families and their clinical phenotypes, with attention to severe or more than severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods Two postlingually deafened subjects (SB237-461, M/46 and SB354-692, F/34) with more than severe SNHL and also with suspicion of Usher syndrome type II (USH2) were enrolled. A comprehensive audiological and ophthalmological assessments were evaluated. We conducted the whole exome sequencing and subsequent pathogenicity prediction analysis. Results We identified the following variants of USH2A from the two probands manifesting more than severe SNHL and retinitis pigmentosa (RP): compound heterozygosity for a nonsense (c.8176C>T: p.R2723X) and a missense variant (c.1823G>A: p.C608Y) in SB237, and compound heterozygosity for two frameshift variants (c.14835delT: p.S4945fs & c.13112_13115delAAAT: p.G4371fs) in SB354. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines, two novel variants, c.1823G>A: p.C608Y and c.14835delT: p.Ser4945fs, can be classified as “uncertain significance” and “pathogenic,” respectively. The audiogram exhibited more than severe SNHL and a down-sloping configuration, necessitating cochlear implantation. The ophthalmic examinations revealed typical features of RP. Interestingly, one proband (SB 354-692) carrying two truncating compound heterozygous variants exhibited more severe hearing loss than the other proband (SB 237-461), carrying one truncation with one missense variant. Conclusion Our results provide insight on the expansion of audiological spectrum encompassing more than severe SNHL in Korean subjects harboring USH2A variants, suggesting that USH2A should also be included in the candidate gene of cochlear implantation. A specific combination of USH2A variants causing truncating proteins in both alleles could demonstrate more severe audiological phenotype than that of USH2A variants carrying one truncating mutation and one missense mutation, suggesting a possible genotype-phenotype correlation. The understanding of audiological complexity associated with USH2A will be helpful for genetic counseling and treatment starategy.
Boundary effect in competition processes

This paper is devoted to studying the long-term behaviour of a continuous-time Markov chain that can be interpreted as a pair of linear birth processes which evolve with a competitive interaction; as a special case, they include the famous Lotka–Volterra interaction. Another example of our process is related to urn models with ball removal. We show that, with probability one, the process eventually escapes to infinity by sticking to the boundary in a rather unusual way.
A cross-sectional analysis of mental toughness in a professional football academy

This study investigated mental toughness in an English Premier League football academy. 112 football players aged between 12 and 18 years of age completed the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 18 (Clough, Earle, & Sewell, 2002) as a measure of mental toughness. A cross-sectional design was used to test for differences in mental toughness across age groups, and data concerning players who were either retained or released by the club was also compared. A one-way ANOVA showed no differences in mental toughness between age groups, and an independent t-test also found no differences in the mental toughness of players who were either retained or released. These results suggest that older and more experienced academy football players do not possess higher levels of mental toughness than younger, less experienced players. Qualitative research involving academy staff and players is encouraged to provide a more detailed evaluation.
Effect of light intensity on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence of Rhododendron microcuttings during acclimatisation

Survival, growth, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of in vitro propagated rhododendron ‘Alfred’ at two light intensities 75 and 150 μmol m s PPFD during acclimatisation were evaluated. High survival and better growth were obtained at higher light intensity. Maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of in vitro established leaves decreased gradually from 0.70 directly after taking out of in vitro culture to 0.57 and 0.53 for plants exposed to 75 and 150 μmol m s PPFD, respectively for the first weeks, and then progressively increased to 0.76 at the end of acclimatisation period. The Fv/Fm ratio for new ex vitro established leaves was significantly higher than for the old ones. High Fs (steady state fluorescence) and low vitality index (Rfd) for in vitro established plants were noted at the beginning of acclimatisation and indicate poor functioning of dark phase of photosynthesis. Vitality index of new leaves was about twice as high as the old, in vitro formed
TRANSFORMATION BASED ALGORITHMS FOR CHANGE DETECTION IN FULL POLARIMETRIC REMOTE SENSING IMAGES

Abstract. Thanks to the recent advances in the development of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors, this remote sensing field attracts many applications. Among the different applications of these data, change detection is one of the most important applications. PolSAR images, due to interactions between electromagnetic waves and the target, could be used to study changes in the Earth's surface. This paper is a type of transformation-based method for polarimetric change detection (CD) purpose. For this purpose, we use full polarimetry imaging radar and extracted 138 features based on decomposition. The CD methods are the principal component analysis (PCA), the Multivariate Alteration Detection (MAD), the Iteratively Reweighted Multivariate Alteration Detection (IR-MAD), the Covariance Equalization (CE), and the Cross-Covariance (CRC). Assessment of the incorporated methods performed using most common criteria as quantity and quality assessment, such as overall accuracy (OA), kappa coefficient, and as visual analysis. The results of the experiments show that CC has better performance compared with other algorithms.
The evolution of low-wavenumber vorticity during rapid intensification: A dual-Doppler analysis

The azimuthal distribution of deep convection in a tropical cyclone inner core often consists of multiple transient convective cells superimposed upon a more slowly-evolving low-wavenumber (symmetric and asymmetric) structure. Numerous observations and numerical simulations suggest such distributions are intimately linked to the environmental vertical wind shear and internal dynamical processes (Reasor et al. 2000; Black et al. 2002; Corbosiero et al. 2006; Kossin and Schubert 2001; Braun 2002). Understanding the dynamics of the asymmetries is of fundamental importance due their influence not only on storm structure, but also storm motion (Nolan et al. 2000) and intensity (Moller and Montgomery 2000). The vertical shear will induce a wavenumberone asymmetry with enhanced convergence and ascent downshear (Frank and Ritchie 1999, 2001). The higher-order asymmetries appear to be related to internal dynamics. In particular, intensifying tropical cyclones often exhibit an annular tower (or ring) of vertical vorticity with enhanced values in the eyewall and relatively depressed values in the eye and outside the eyewall (Kossin and Eastin 2001). Schubert et al. (1999) showed that such vorticity distributions are barotropically unstable whereby counterpropagating vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) could become phase-locked, grow in amplitude, and eventually break-down into coherent pools of vorticity, or ”mesovortices”. Depending on the initial structure of the vorticity ring, the mesovortices either merge and relax to a monopole, or remain distinct and form a quasi-steady rotating lattice (Kossin and Schubert 2001). In either case, the winds associated with the mesovortices exchanged considerable mass between the eye and eyewall. Eastin et al. (2005) recently presented observational evidence suggesting the mesovortices may help generate asymmetric buoyant convection via the transfer of high entropy air from the low-level eye into the relatively low-entropy eyewall, and thus contribute to storm evolution. Unfortunately, previous attempts to document the structure and evolution of these
Jet-dominated quiescent state in black hole X-ray binaries: the cases of A0620−00 and XTE J1118+480

The radiative mechanism of black hole X-ray transients (BHXTs) in their quiescent states (defined as the 2–10 keV X-ray luminosity ≲ 1034 erg s−1) remains unclear. In this work, we investigate the quasi-simultaneous quiescent state spectrum (including radio, infrared, optical, ultraviolet and X-ray) of two BHXTs, A0620−00 and XTE J1118+480. We find that these two sources can be well described by a coupled accretion – jet model. More specifically, most of the emission (radio up to infrared, and the X-ray waveband) comes from the collimated relativistic jet. Emission from hot accretion flow is totally insignificant, and it can only be observed in mid-infrared (the synchrotron peak). Emission from the outer cold disk is only evident in the UV band. These results are consistent with our previous investigation on the quiescent state of V404 Cyg and confirm that the quiescent state is jet-dominated.
Is it Fair to Make Work Pay?

The design of the income transfer program for the lower incomes is a hot issue in current public policy debate. Should we stick to a generous welfare state with a sizeable basic income, but high marginal tax rates for the lower incomes and thus little incentives to work? Or should we 'make work pay' by subsidizing the work of low earners, but possibly at the cost of a smaller safety net? We think it is difficult to answer this question without making clear what individuals are (held) responsible for and what not. First, we present a new fair allocation, coined a Pareto Efficient and Shared resources Equivalent (PESE) allocation, which compensates for different productive skills, but not for different tastes for working. We also characterize a fair social ordering, which rationalizes the PESE allocation. Second, we illustrate the optimal second-best allocation in a discrete Stiglitz (1982, 1987) economy. The question whether we should have subsidies for the low earners or not crucially depends on whether the low-skilled have a strictly positive or zero skill. Third, we simulate fair taxes for a sample of Belgian singles. Our simulation results suggest that 'making work pay' policies can be optimal, according to our fairness criterion, but only in the unreasonable case in which none of the unemployed are ever willing to work.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Three-layer Particleboards Bonded With UF and UMF Adhesives

A low dimensional stability and poor bending strength properties were main problems in particleboard manufacturing. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of mixed wood species and urea-formaldehyde (UF) or urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF) resins on the physical and mechanical properties of three-layer particleboards. The ratio of face/core/back layer was 1 : 2 : 1. The resin content of 12% for both UF resins and UMF resins (UF/MF = 70/30% w/w) was used. The results of this study showed that the utilization of S.mahagony shaving using both UF and UMF resins caused a decrease in the thickness swelling and water absorption of the boards. Thickness swellings of particleboard made of Sengon/Sengon/Sengon (SSS), Mahogany/Mahogany/Mahogany (MMM), Sengon/Mahogany/Sengon (SMS), and Mahogany/Sengon/Mahogany (MSM) were in the range of 23%, 12∼16%, 14∼16%, and 13∼21%, respectively. The board bonded with UMF resin demonstrated better dimensional stability than that bonded with UF resin alone. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of particleboards made of S. mahagony shaving in the surface layer in both MMM and MSM boards were better than those of the SSS and SMS. MOE of MMM and MSM board was in the ranges of 24,000 to 26,000 kg.cm-2 and 18,000 to 21,000 kg.cm-2 respectively. Meanwhile, the MOR of board was in the ranges of 200 to 240 kg.cm-2 and 190 to 228 kg.cm-2, respectively.
Kinematic analyses including finite helical axes of drop jump landings demonstrate decreased knee control long after anterior cruciate ligament injury

The purpose was to evaluate the dynamic knee control during a drop jump test following injury of the anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) using finite helical axes. Persons injured 17–28 years ago, treated with either physiotherapy (ACLPT, n = 23) or reconstruction and physiotherapy (ACLR, n = 28) and asymptomatic controls (CTRL, n = 22) performed a drop jump test, while kinematics were registered by motion capture. We analysed the Preparation phase (from maximal knee extension during flight until 50 ms post-touchdown) followed by an Action phase (until maximal knee flexion post-touchdown). Range of knee motion (RoM), and the length of each phase (Duration) were computed. The finite knee helical axis was analysed for momentary intervals of ~15° of knee motion by its intersection (ΔAP position) and inclination (ΔAP Inclination) with the knee’s Anterior-Posterior (AP) axis. Static knee laxity (KT100) and self-reported knee function (Lysholm score) were also assessed. The results showed that both phases were shorter for the ACL groups compared to controls (CTRL-ACLR: Duration 35±8 ms, p = 0.000, CTRL-ACLPT: 33±9 ms, p = 0.000) and involved less knee flexion (CTRL-ACLR: RoM 6.6±1.9°, p = 0.002, CTRL-ACLR: 7.5 ±2.0°, p = 0.001). Low RoM and Duration correlated significantly with worse knee function according to Lysholm and higher knee laxity according to KT-1000. Three finite helical axes were analysed. The ΔAP position for the first axis was most anterior in ACLPT compared to ACLR (ΔAP position -1, ACLPT-ACLR: 13±3 mm, p = 0.004), with correlations to KT-1000 (rho 0.316, p = 0.008), while the ΔAP inclination for the third axis was smaller in the ACLPT group compared to controls (ΔAP inclination -3 ACLPT-CTRL: -13±5°, p = 0.004) and showed a significant side difference in ACL injured groups during Action (Injured-Non-injured: 8±2.7°, p = 0.006). Small ΔAP inclination -3 correlated with low Lysholm (rho 0.391, p = 0.002) and high KT-1000 (rho -0.450, p = 0.001). Conclusions Compensatory movement strategies seem to be used to protect the injured knee during landing. A decreased ΔAP inclination in injured knees during Action suggests that the dynamic knee control may remain compromised even long after injury.
1 On Real Investment by New Ventures

This paper contributes to the literature on new firms in two ways. First, by addressing new venture investment, it focuses on a largely neglected, but important, issue of new firm business decisions. Second, it provides a valuable picture for how real investing by new businesses is going to evolve over time. Results suggest that investments by new firms are prone to an s-shaped time pattern rather than a random, linear or a gradually growing trajectory, or a capital market driven behavior as is assumed usually in the literature on investment decisions. By constructing a framework for future research on new venture investment, this article suggests specific research opportunities for future contributions to this body of knowledge. Based on the developed theorem, four main strands for future research can be identified, namely, (1) the empirical validation of the theorem per se, including trajectory, duration, and level of investment; (2) the link between investment and funding of the venture; (3) the link between investment and new venture development; and (4) investment as an adjustment of aggregate capital stock.
Antioxidant Activity of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Cultivar Leaves: Differences across the Vegetative Stage and the Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Blueberries production has increased in the last few years boosted somehow by the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for a healthier nutrition and their recognized potential to treat several diseases. The production increase lead to high amounts of discarded leaves that could be very valuable. In this context, the antioxidant activity of Vaccinium spp. leaves, by means of the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined. Adult leaves of twenty-seven Vaccinium cultivars collected in three geographic regions and three seasons of the year were included. The antioxidant activity was additionally estimated with near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and data transferability across the regions and seasons was evaluated. The TPC, TFC and TAC ranged from 39.6–272.8 mg gallic acid, 41.2–269.1 mg catechin and 22.6–124.8 mM Trolox per g of dry leaf, respectively. Globally through the seasons, the higher values of the three parameters were obtained in December. Regarding the geographic region, region A provided the cultivars with the higher antioxidant content. Titan was the cultivar with higher TPC and TAC and Misty the one with the higher TFC. NIR spectroscopy combined with the partial least squares analysis was able to successfully predict the antioxidant activity with coefficients of determination and range error ratios ranging from 0.84–0.99 and 11.2–26.8. Despite some identified limitations on data transferability, NIR spectroscopy proved to be a reliable, low cost and quick method to predict the antioxidant activity of the considered cultivar leaves.