Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of association between the regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) rs951436 polymorphism and schizophrenia.

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institute and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, TOP Project, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Institute of Psychiatry, Vinderen, Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark Correspondence to Erik G. Jönsson, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, House R5:00, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden Tel: + 46851772626; fax: + 468346563; e-mail: erik.jonsson@ki.se
The Effect of Pitressin and Pitocin on Water Balance in Bufo Regularis Reuss

1. In Bufo regularis the injection of either pitressin or pitocin is followed by an increase in the rate of water absorption through the skin, together with a marked decrease in urine flow. The response to pitressin is greater than that to pitocin. 2. The effect of pitocin in increasing water uptake can be attributed to the activity of the 5-10% of the pressor fraction which it contains. 3. A mixture of pitressin and pitocin has the same effect on water balance as a corresponding dose of pituitrin. Pitressin alone has a greater anti-diuretic effect than it has when pitocin is added. 4. Taking into account the antagonistic action of pitocin to pitressin it is possible to account for the anti-diuretic action of pitocin in terms of its pressor fraction content. 5. It is concluded that the pressor fraction is the main factor responsible for both the dermal and the renal components of the water-balance effect produced in B. regularis by injection of mammalian posterior pituitary extracts. This conclusion is discussed in relation to the findings of other workers.
Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Pengembangan Sektor Pertanian di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

This Research aim a) To analyse infrastructure growth to, market draught irrigation Muaro Jambi Regency Period 2000-2010; b) To analyse infrastructure expense allocation growth and its proportion to totalizeing area expense Muaro Jambi Regency Period 2000-2010 c) To know and analyse ready influence infrastructure, market and irrigation to agricultural sector added value Muaro Jambi Regency Period 2000-2010. Result of research indicate that a) During period 2000-2010 infrastructure growth rate in Muaro Jambi Regency is equal to 6,60 percent per year, in same period infrastructure growth rate irrigation in Muaro Jambi Regency equal to 15,70 percent and infrastructure growth natural market growth mean equal to 18,16 percent b) meanly during period 2000-2010 infrastructure expense proportion to area expense equal to 39,85 percent, with growth per year mean equal to 65,32 percent meanly during period 2000-2010 growth agricultural sector added value Muaro Jambi Regency equal to 4,75 percent c) Infrastructure variable street, market and irrigation by together have an effect on positive and signifikan to velue added agricultural sector. By parsial infrastructure variable irrigation and street have an effect on by signifikan to agricultural sector added value, but market variable though have an effect on positive but don’t signifikan. Keywords: infrastructure , agricultural, expense
The Relationship Between Bank Ownership and Performance Evidence From NDB Bank, Sri Lanka

The banking sector plays a vital role in contributing towards the national economic development. This paper defines bank performance based on its profitability and operating efficiencies, which are measured through several Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The study primarily investigates whether such KPIs are affected by the change of ownership in a company and secondly by several other factors such as the size of the company, capital risk, credit risk and real GDP growth rate. To fulfill this purpose, NDB Bank Sri Lanka is taken as a model, as the bank had undergone a change in ownership from government owned to private, in the year 1993.Five years prior to and after its ownership change are analyzed to understand whether there is a significant change in the financial performance. The study focuses on two other banks as well in order to understand the market/industry trends. One of these is a private owned and the other is state owned since inception. The KPIs are calculated based on available data. The t-test shows that there is no statistically significant impact on the KPIs as a result of change in ownership. In addition an adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R²) is also calculated for the change in KPIs, with a 90% threshold to adhere with preceding research. As the adjusted R² results with a value less than 90% have been identified for all the KPIs, a multiple regression analysis is conducted, among the KPIs and ownership together with the other variables mentioned above. In conclusion the findings suggest that not only privatization, but all factors collectively have significantly affected the profitability and operating efficiencies of NDB Bank, Sri Lanka from 1994 to1998. Keywords: Financial Performance, Banks, Ownership, Determinants For full paper: fmscresearch@sjp.ac. lk
Small Enterprise Finance under Liberalization in Ghana

This study investigates the apparent contradiction between the high propensity of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to identify finance as their primary constraint and the view of banks that SME lending remains low in part for lack of bankable demand. Surveys were conducted of relatively successful microenterprises and SMEs to assess demand and sources of finance, and formal and informal financial institutions were interviewed to analyze constraints on the supply side. The survey results show that credit for start-up is rare and that the smaller the enterprise, the greater the equity finance share of the initial investment. Many SMEs achieve substantial growth through reinvestment of profits, making it difficult to conclude that entry and growth of SMEs depends crucially on loans. Other forms of finance, such as customers' advances and supplier's credit are at least as important as bank credit. Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that exploitation of highly profitable opportunities by SMEs could be accelerated if they had greater access to external financing. Tight money, banks' efforts to improve portfolio performance, centralization of decision-making, and lack of competition explain why banks have shown little interest in developing SMEs as a market niche. The study suggests techniques that banks could adopt to overcome the problems of high transaction costs and risks in SME lending, drawing on the methods of informal financial agents.
Ship Financing Practices in Hong Kong: What Changes Has the Financial Tsunami Wrought?

The authors survey Hong Kong-based shipowners and banks about their ship financing practices before and after the recent financial crisis. Results obtained from the survey of shipowners suggest that bank loan remains the most preferred source of financing for shipping companies in Hong Kong, with the major perceived advantages being low cost, easy access, and relatively flexible terms and conditions as well as non-disclosure of sensitive business information. Results obtained from the survey of banks suggest that they have reduced their exposure to the shipping industry since the financial crisis struck. In addition, banks are now placing greater emphasis on loan quality and security and are less concerned about market share. The changes in financiers’ attitudes and in the wider economic environment have important implications both for the industry’s long-term survival and for the competitive position of individual shipping companies
A study of X-ray emission from laboratory sparks in air at atmospheric pressure

[1] We present a detailed investigation of X-ray emission from long laboratory sparks in air at atmospheric pressure. We studied 231 sparks of both polarities using a 1-MV Marx generator with gap lengths ranging from 10 to 140 cm. The X rays generated by the discharges were measured using five NaI/PMT detectors plus one plastic scintillator/PMT detector, all enclosed in 0.32-cm-thick aluminum boxes. X-ray emission was observed to accompany about 70% of negative polarity sparks and about 10% of positive polarity sparks. For the negative sparks, X-ray emission was observed to occur at two distinct times during the discharge: (1) near the peak voltage, specifically, about 1 μs before the voltage across the gap collapsed, and (2) near the time of the peak current through the gap, during the gap voltage collapse. Using collimators we determined that the former emission emanated from the gap, while the latter appeared to originate from above the gap in the space over the high-voltage components. During individual sparks, the total energy of the X rays that was deposited in a single detector sometimes exceeded 50 MeV, and the maximum energy of individual photons in some cases exceeded 300 keV. X-ray emission near the peak voltage was observed for a wide range of electrode geometries, including 12-cm-diameter spherical electrodes, a result suggesting that the X-ray emission was the result of processes occurring within the air gap and not just due to high electric fields at the electrode.
A Pilot Study of the Impact of Metaphylactic Treatment at Processing on Lung Lesions at Slaughter

inflammatory treatment in prevention of cattle lung lesions was examined. Sixty-nine, single source, ranch direct, fall weaned steers were allocated to treatment or no treatment groups at feedlot arrival in February, 1999. Treatment consisted of single subcutaneous administration of NuflorTM (florfenicol, Schering-Plough Animal Health) at 18 mgllb bodyweight and BanamineTM (flunixin meglumine, Schering-Plough Animal Health) at 1 mgllb bodyweight. All steers were weighed, vaccinated with a modified live IBR/PI3 vaccine, implanted, and identified by ear tag. Cattle were fed for maximum gain on a cornbased diet. At harvest, after 133 days on feed, lungs were observed for lesions indicative of previous pneumonia and scored using an established system. Hot carcass weight, quality grade, and yield grade was collected on each carcass. Results indicate that while lung lesions were prevalent (43.3% of cattle affected), treatment had no effect on the prevalence of lung lesions at slaughter. In addition, lung lesions were not associated with feedlot average daily gain or quality grade. 'This small study suggests that prevalence of lung lesions in low risk cattle will not be affected by administration of metaphylactic treatment with NuflorIBanamine at processing. SDSU
Pricing Risks across Currency Denominations

We use principal component analysis on 55 bilateral exchange rates of 11 developed currencies to identify two important global risk sources in foreign exchange (FX) markets. The risk sources are related to Carry and Dollar but are not spanned by these factors. We estimate the market prices associated with the two risk sources in the cross-section of FX market returns and construct FX market-implied country-specific stochastic discount factors (SDFs). The SDF volatilities are related to interest rates and expected carry trade returns in the cross-section. The SDFs price international stock returns and are related to important financial stress indicators and macroeconomic fundamentals. The first principal risk is associated with the Treasury-EuroDollar (TED) spread, quantities measuring volatility, tail and contagion risks, and future economic growth. It earns a relatively small implied Sharpe ratio. The second principal risk is associated with the default and term spreads and quantities capturing volatility and illiquidity risks. It further correlates with future changes in the long-term interest rate and earns a large implied Sharpe ratio. This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HETEROGENEOUS FIRMS AND TRADE

This paper reviews the new approach to international trade based on firm heterogeneity in differentiated product markets. This approach explains a variety of features exhibited in disaggregated trade data, including the higher productivity of exporters relative to non-exporters, within-industry reallocations of resources following trade liberalization, and patterns of trade participation across firms and destination markets. Accounting for these empirical patterns reveals new mechanisms through which the aggregate economy is affected by trade liberalization, including endogenous increases in average industry and firm productivity. Marc J. Melitz Department of Economics Harvard University 215 Littauer Center Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER mmelitz@harvard.edu Stephen J. Redding Department of Economics and Woodrow Wilson School Princeton University Fisher Hall Princeton, NJ 08544 and NBER reddings@princeton.edu
Transforming Public Services: A Quicker And Affordable Route To High Performance Public Organisations

Many areas of the public sector face financial constraints and/or increases in demand that are outstripping available resources. At the same time policy makers and the public are impatient for responses and results. While still calling for improvements and new initiatives, they may not be prepared to wait for multi-year transformation programmes to deliver results, even if these were cost effective and likely to succeed. This 200 page A4 size report sets out a practical route to transforming public services, building high performance organisations and quickly achieving multiple objectives. The approach can avoid traditional trade-offs and benefits people and organisations. Contents Executive Summary 1 Creating High Performance Public Organisations 2 Underpinning Investigation of Performance Levers 3 Addressing Continuing Concerns and Challenges 4 Reducing Risk and Enabling Compliance 5 Talent Management 6 Communicating and Engaging with Staff and the Public 7 24/7 Learning and Development 8 Supporting Innovation and Diffusion 9 Procurement and Supporting Responsible Decision Making 10 Supporting Communities of Professionals 11 Transforming Healthcare Services 12 Adopting and Implementing Performance Support 13 Embracing ‘New Leadership’ References
PERCEIVED USEFULNESS, PERCEIVED EASE OF USE, PERCEIVED RISK IMPACT TO LECTURERS’ INTERNET BANKING ADOPTION

The development of Information Technology that are now spreading on banking sector, indirectly has met some of customers’ lifestyle who are more inclined want everything was instant and efficient, it is because of demands of times and work which makes them have to be able to do other things, but can still do their work simultaneously. But in terms deciding to buy product/service that relate to information tecnology, people have consideration, wheter about the usefulness, ease of use and risk. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk on internet banking adoption especially to customer that are lecturers of faculty of economics and business. This research is a quantitative research that use casual type of research. The data was collected through questionnaire with sample size is about 40 lecturers who are selected using sampling insidental method and analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis method. The conclusion is there is significant positive effect between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk towards Internet banking adoption. It means banks should improve the performance of internet banking services in order to more provide meaningful benefits for users and improve the security of transactions through Internet banking services to increase the adoption of Internet banking service. Therefore the researcher recommended to the bank to better understand the needs of their customers in order to deliver services more effective. Keywords : perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk , internet banking adoption.
Internet Banking: A Case Study of the Factors influencing its Adoption in Mauritius

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence bank customers in Mauritius to adopt Internet Banking (IB). Methodology – An online survey was conducted with a response rate of 73%. Findings – Around 54% of the respondents were IB users. The commonly used services were for information inquiry and transfer of funds. Factor Analysis reveals that from a user’s point of view ‘availability of infrastructure’ and ‘perceived ease of use’ are the most important factors in determining adoption of IB. In contrast, for non-users of IB, it was ‘trust and security issues’. Based on Logistic Regression analysis, household income group and age group were found to be the most significant demographic variables that determine adoption of IB. Practical implications – The results can be used by banks to devise strategies in increasing their customer base by catering for the needs of actual users and taking on board non-users. Research limitation – The use of convenience sampling weakens the objectivity of this research. Originality – This study considers the factors leading to actual usage or non-usage of IB unlike other studies which investigate the intention to use IB. Keywords: Internet Banking, Internet Banking Adoption, Technological Acceptance Model, Mauritius
Population Pharmacokinetics of Metformin in Late Pregnancy

The pharmacokinetic disposition of metformin in late pregnancy was studied together with the level of fetal exposure at birth. Blood samples were obtained in the third trimester of pregnancy from women with gestational diabetes or type 2 diabetes; 5 had a previous diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. A cord blood sample also was obtained at the delivery of some of these women, and also at delivery of others who had been taking metformin during pregnancy but from whom no blood had been taken. Plasma metformin concentrations were assayed by a new, validated, reverse-phase HPLC method. A 2-compartment, extravascular maternal model with transplacental partitioning of drug to a fetal compartment was fitted to the data. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was performed in NONMEM using FOCE with INTERACTION. Variability was estimated using logarithmic interindividual and additive residual variance models; the covariance between clearance and volume was modeled simultaneously. Mean (range) metformin concentrations in cord plasma and in maternal plasma were 0.81 (range, 0.1-2.6) mg/L and 1.2 (range, 0.1-2.9) mg/L, respectively. Typical population values (interindividual variability, CV%) for allometrically scaled maternal clearance and volume of distribution were 28 L/h/70 kg (17.1%) and 190 L/70 kg (46.3%), giving a derived population-wide half-life of 5.1 hours. The placental partition coefficient for metformin was 1.07 (36.3%). Neither maternal age nor weight significantly influenced the pharmacokinetics. The variability (SD) of observed concentrations about model-predicted concentrations was 0.32 mg/L. The pharmacokinetics were similar to those in nonpregnant patients and, therefore, no dosage adjustment is warranted. Metformin readily crosses the placenta, exposing the fetus to concentrations approaching those in the maternal circulation. The sequelae to such exposure, eg, effects on neonatal obesity and insulin resistance, remain unknown.
Effects of board and ownership structure on corporate performance: Evidence from GCC countries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of ownership structure and board composition on bank performance as measured by Tobin's Q and market to book value in Gulf Co-Operation Council (GCC) countries. Design/methodology/approach – A dataset of 58-listed banks of GCC countries for the period 2010 is used. The methodology is based on multivariate regression analysis. Findings – The result shows that the extent of family ownership, foreign ownership and institutional ownership has a significant positive association with bank performance. However, government ownership does not have a significant impact on performance. Other governance variables such as CEO duality and board size appear to have an insignificant impact on performance. Practical implications – Better corporate governance mechanisms are imperative for every company and should be encouraged for the interest of the investors and other stakeholders. The study implies that ownership by corporate governance is more effective for G.
Evidence for a genetic link between bone and vascular measures in African ancestry families

Bone mineral density (BMD) has been inversely associated with subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in population studies, but the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. To test if there is a genetic basis underlying this association, we determined the phenotypic and genetic correlations between BMD and carotid artery ultrasound measures in families. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography were used to measure BMD in 461 individuals with African ancestry belonging to seven large, multigenerational families (mean family size 66; 3414 total relative pairs). Carotid artery ultrasound was used to measure adventitial diameter (AD) and intima‐media thickness (IMT). Phenotypic and genetic correlations between BMD and carotid measures were determined using pedigree‐based maximum likelihood methods. We adjusted for potential confounding factors, including age, sex, body weight, height, menopausal status, smoking, alcohol intake, walking for exercise, diabetes, hypertension, serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, inflammation markers, and kidney function. We found statistically significant phenotypic (ρ = −0.19) and genetic (ρG = −0.70) correlations (p < 0.05 for both) between lumbar spine BMD and AD in fully adjusted models. There was also a significant genetic correlation between trabecular BMD at the radius and IMT in fully adjusted models (ρG = −0.398; p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that the previously observed association between osteoporosis and CVD in population‐based studies may be partly mediated by genetic factors and that the pleiotropic effects of these genes may operate independently of traditional risk pathways.
Enforcement of Accounting Standards in Germany: The Pre- and Post-Misstatement Development of Censured Firms

This paper focuses on implementation of a two-tiered external financial reporting enforcement mechanism in Germany 2004. The first objective of the study is the systematically evaluation of the information contained in 151 disclosed error announcements. I find that error announcement on average contain 3.64 single errors and 77% affect the reported profit. Small, high levered and relatively unprofitable firms are overrepresented by the sample of misstatement firms. In a second step, I investigate the development of censured firms over time; I track the pre- and post-misstatement development of the firms in terms of balance sheet data, financial ratios and (real) earnings management. The analysis detects increasing leverage ratios and a decline in profitability overtime. In the year of misstatement firms report large total and discretionary accruals, indicating earnings management. Compared to matched control firms, significant differences in profitability, market valuation, earnings management and real activities manipulations are observable. A major contribution of this study is the examination of trends in financial data and (real) earnings management over a number of years round misstatement as well as the elaboration of the distinction to non-misstating firms. My results show the meaning of the enforcement of IFRS for the quality of financial reporting to standard setters, policy makers, and investors in Germany.