Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Free‐living energy expenditure reduced after deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson’s disease

Background: The clinical picture in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability. In advanced stages of the disease, many patients will experience reduced efficacy of medication with fluctuations in symptoms and dyskinesias. Surgical treatment with deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) is now considered the gold standard in fluctuating PD. Many patients experience a gain of weight following the surgery. The aim of this study was to identify possible mechanisms, which may contribute to body weight gain in patients with PD following bilateral STN‐DBS surgery.
The Effect of Fear in the Periphery in Binocular Rivalry

The perceived dominance of percepts within a rival pair of images can be influenced by emotional content, with emotional images dominating over neutral images. We investigated this effect in the periphery. Rival gratings and (fearful or neutral) face/house pairs were viewed centrally and with the near edge positioned 1° and 4° from the fixation. Both fearful and neutral faces were perceived as dominant for significantly longer than houses, with fearful faces dominating for significantly longer than neutral faces at all three eccentricities. There was no difference between dominances at 1° and 4° eccentricity, and there was no difference in the dominance of the gratings at any eccentricity. Our findings show that face stimuli, and in particular fearful faces, continue to dominate perception in binocular rivalry even when viewed in the periphery.
Biological approaches to the development of novel periodontal therapies--consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology.

BACKGROUND Periodontitis remains a major public health issue and current management approaches have failed to impact upon the most high-risk proportion of the population and those with the most severe disease. The objective of this session was to assess if and how, current understanding of periodontitis provides the opportunity to develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the current understanding of the pathophysiology of periodontal diseases, the Workshop discussed the potential of antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, pro-resolving lipid mediators, and micronutritional approaches. Evidence-based position papers and expert discussions formed the basis of deliberations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Current preventive and treatment approaches are only partially effective, and this appears due to the therapeutic focus remaining primarily upon biofilm management rather than embracing a pivotal role for inflammation as a driver of biofilm composition as well as tissue damage. There is a need to develop new, more effective, and efficient preventive and treatment approaches for gingivitis and periodontitis, which embrace recent advances in understanding of host modulation and inflammation resolution, as well as direct management of the microbiota.
Autoantibodies to IgG/HLA class II complexes are associated with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility

Significance Cellular misfolded proteins are transported to the cell surface by MHC class II molecules via association with the peptide-binding groove without processing to peptides. We found that IgG heavy chain is transported to the cell surface by MHC class II molecules. Furthermore, IgG heavy chain associated with MHC class II molecules is recognized by autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Autoantibody binding to IgG heavy chain complexed with different MHC class II alleles was strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility conferred by certain MHC class II alleles. These findings suggest that misfolded proteins complexed with MHC class II molecules could be targets for autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases, which might be involved in autoimmune disease susceptibility. Specific HLA class II alleles are strongly associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, how HLA class II regulates susceptibility to RA has remained unclear. Recently, we found a unique function of HLA class II molecules: their ability to aberrantly transport cellular misfolded proteins to the cell surface without processing to peptides. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody that binds to denatured IgG or Fc fragments of IgG and is detected in 70–80% of RA patients but also in patients with other diseases. Here, we report that intact IgG heavy chain (IgGH) is transported to the cell surface by HLA class II via association with the peptide-binding groove and that IgGH/HLA class II complexes are specifically recognized by autoantibodies in RF-positive sera from RA patients. In contrast, autoantibodies in RF-positive sera from non-RA individuals did not bind to IgGH/HLA class II complexes. Of note, a strong correlation between autoantibody binding to IgG complexed with certain HLA-DR alleles and the odds ratio for that allele’s association with RA was observed (r = 0.81; P = 4.6 × 10−5). Our findings suggest that IgGH complexed with certain HLA class II alleles is a target for autoantibodies in RA, which might explain why these HLA class II alleles confer susceptibility to RA.
Impact of different intensities of intermittent theta burst stimulation on the cortical properties during TMS‐EEG and working memory performance

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique capable of increasing cortical excitability beyond the stimulation period. Due to the rapid induction of modulatory effects, prefrontal application of iTBS is gaining popularity as a therapeutic tool for psychiatric disorders such as depression. In an attempt to increase efficacy, higher than conventional intensities are currently being applied. The assumption that this increases neuromodulatory may be mechanistically false for iTBS. This study examined the influence of intensity on the neurophysiological and behavioural effects of iTBS in the prefrontal cortex. Sixteen healthy participants received iTBS over prefrontal cortex at either 50, 75 or 100% resting motor threshold in separate sessions. Single‐pulse TMS and concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) was used to assess changes in cortical reactivity measured as TMS‐evoked potentials and oscillations. The n‐back task was used to assess changes in working memory performance. The data can be summarised as an inverse U‐shape relationship between intensity and iTBS plastic effects, where 75% iTBS yielded the largest neurophysiological changes. Improvement in reaction time in the 3‐back task was supported by the change in alpha power, however, comparison between conditions revealed no significant differences. The assumption that higher intensity results in greater neuromodulatory effects may be false, at least in healthy individuals, and should be carefully considered for clinical populations. Neurophysiological changes associated with working memory following iTBS suggest functional relevance. However, the effects of different intensities on behavioural performance remain elusive in the present healthy sample.
The influence of dynamic response and brain deformation metrics on the occurrence of subdural hematoma in different regions of the brain.

OBJECT The purpose of this study was to examine how the dynamic response and brain deformation of the head and brain-representing a series of injury reconstructions of which subdural hematoma (SDH) was the outcome-influence the location of the lesion in the lobes of the brain. METHODS Sixteen cases of falls in which SDH was the outcome were reconstructed using a monorail drop rig and Hybrid III headform. The location of the SDH in 1 of the 4 lobes of the brain (frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital) was confirmed by CT/MR scan examined by a neurosurgeon. RESULTS The results indicated that there were minimal differences between locations of the SDH for linear acceleration. The peak resultant rotational acceleration and x-axis component were larger for the parietal lobe than for other lobes. There were also some differences between the parietal lobe and the other lobes in the z-axis component. Maximum principal strain, von Mises stress, shear strain, and product of strain and strain rate all had differences in magnitude depending on the lobe in which SDH was present. The parietal lobe consistently had the largest-magnitude response, followed by the frontal lobe and the occipital lobe. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that there are differences in magnitude for rotational acceleration and brain deformation metrics that may identify the location of SDH in the brain.
The Limited Effect of Coincident Orientation on the Choice of Intrinsic Axis

The allocentric system computes and represents general object-to-object spatial relationships to provide a spatial frame of reference other than the egocentric system. The intrinsic frame-of-reference system theory, which suggests people learn the locations of objects based upon an intrinsic axis, is important in research about the allocentric system. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the effect of coincident orientation on the choice of intrinsic axis was limited. Two groups of participants (24 men, 24 women; M age = 24 yr., SD = 2) encoded different spatial layouts in which the objects shared the coincident orientation of 315° and 225° separately at learning perspective (0°). The response pattern of partial-scene-recognition task following learning reflected different strategies for choosing the intrinsic axis under different conditions. Under the 315° object-orientation condition, the objects' coincident orientation was as important as the symmetric axis in the choice of the intrinsic axis. However, participants were more likely to choose the symmetric axis as the intrinsic axis under the 225° object-orientation condition. The results suggest the effect of coincident orientation on the choice of intrinsic axis is limited.
Ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and diabetes: a substudy from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial

Aims Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have high platelet reactivity and are at increased risk of ischaemic events and bleeding post-acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial, ticagrelor reduced the primary composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, but with similar rates of major bleeding compared with clopidogrel. We aimed to investigate the outcome with ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in patients with DM or poor glycaemic control. Methods and results We analysed patients with pre-existing DM (n = 4662), including 1036 patients on insulin, those without DM (n = 13 951), and subgroups based on admission levels of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; n = 15 150). In patients with DM, the reduction in the primary composite endpoint (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.76–1.03), all-cause mortality (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.66–1.01), and stent thrombosis (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.36–1.17) with no increase in major bleeding (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.81–1.12) with ticagrelor was consistent with the overall cohort and without significant diabetes status-by-treatment interactions. There was no heterogeneity between patients with or without ongoing insulin treatment. Ticagrelor reduced the primary endpoint, all-cause mortality, and stent thrombosis in patients with HbA1c above the median (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.91; HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65–0.93; and HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39–1.00, respectively) with similar bleeding rates (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.86–1.12). Conclusion Ticagrelor, when compared with clopidogrel, reduced ischaemic events in ACS patients irrespective of diabetic status and glycaemic control, without an increase in major bleeding events.
PENGARUH NILAI TUKAR, SUKU BUNGA, DAN INFLASI TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI

This research is meant to find out the influence of exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation either simultaneous or partial to the stock return at property companies which are listed in the Indonesia Exchange. The samples in this research are 6 property companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange i.e.: PT. Bhuawanatala Indah Permai Tbk, PT. Bukit Darmo Tbk, PT. Ciputra Development Tbk, PT. Ciputra Surya Tbk, PT. Duta Anggada Realty Tbk, dan PT. Duta Pertiwi Tbk. The data which is applied in this research is the property companies’ stock prices, interest rates, inflation report, Rupiah exchange rates from 2009 to 2012. The multiple linear regressions are applied as the analysis technique by carrying out F test and t test. Based on the F test it is found that simultaneously the Rupiah exchange rates, interest rates and inflation have influence to the stock return. Based on the t test it is found that partially the interest rates have no influence to stock return. It can also be found from the t test that the dominant influence to the stock return is indicated by interest rates variable, Keywords: exchange rates, interest rates, inflation, stock return
A Menu on Output Gap Estimation Methods

This paper presents a survey of output gap modeling techniques, which are of special interest for policy making institutions. We distinguish between univariate -which estimate trend output on the basis of actual output, without taking into account the information contained in other variables–, and multivariate methods –which incorporate useful information on some other variables, based on economic theory. We present the main advantages and drawbacks of the different methods.
Unsupervised Grounding of Spatial Relations

We present an unsupervised connectionist model for grounding color, shape and spatial relations of two objects in 2D space. The model constitutes a two-layer architecture that integrates information from visual and auditory inputs. The images are presented as the visual inputs to an artificial retina and fiveword sentences describing them (e.g. “Red box above green circle”) serve as auditory inputs with phonological encoding. The visual scene is represented by the Self-Organizing Map(s) and the auditory description is processed by a recursive SOM (RecSOM) that learns to topographically represent sequences. Primary representations are integrated in a multimodal module (implemented by SOM or Neural Gas algorithms) in the second layer using self-organizing units with conjunctive representations. We tested this two-layer architecture in two versions (a single SOM representing color, shape and spatial relations vs. biologically inspired separate SOMs for spatial relations and for shape and color) and several conditions (scenes with varying complexity up to 3 colors, 5 object shapes and 4 spatial relations). In the scenes with higher complexity we reached better results with NG algorithm in the multimodal layer compared to SOM, which is thank to the flexible neighborhood relations in NG algorithm, relaxing topographic organization. The results confirm theoretical assumptions about the different nature of visual and auditory coding. Our model is hence able to efficiently integrate the two sources of information while reflecting their specific features.
THE IMPACT OF CASH AND BENEFITS IN-KIND ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN INDONESIA

It is generally accepted that one of government’s responsibilities is to reduce income inequality. The direct way to support poor people is through cash and benefits in-kind. Since 1998 in Indonesia, cash and benefits in-kind have tended to increase, especially public spending on health and education. Here, cash and benefits in-kind include cash transfers, subsidies and public expenditure on health and education. This paper uses benefit incidence analysis to analyze the impact of cash and benefits in-kind on income distribution in Indonesia. An important finding is that cash transfers and public expenditure on health and education improve income distribution. However, subsidies benefit the richest most. We suggest that if the aim is to reduce income inequality, cash transfers and public expenditure on health and education need to increase further and the subsidy system can be improved by better targeting subsidies. Field of research: cash transfers; benefits in-kind; income distribution; Indonesia
Brainstem Seizure Severity Regulates Forebrain Seizure Expression in the Audiogenic Kindling Model

Summary: Purpose: Although sound‐induced (audiogenic) seizures in the genetically epilepsy‐prone rat (GEPR) initially occur independent of the forebrain, repeated audiogenic seizures recruit forebrain seizure circuits in a process referred to as audiogenic kindling. In GEPR‐3s, audiogenic kindling results in facial and forelimb (F&F) clonic seizures that are typical of forebrain seizures. However, in GEPR‐9s, audiogenic kindling produces posttonic all‐limb clonus not usually observed during forebrain seizures. We hypothesized that the more severe brainstem seizures of the GEPR‐9 prevent the expression of F&F clonic seizures during audiogenic kindling. Therefore attenuation of audiogenic seizures during audiogenic kindling in GEPR‐9s should allow F&F clonic seizures to be expressed. Likewise, intensifying audiogenic seizure severity in GEPR‐3s should inhibit audiogenically kindled F&F clonic seizures. We have tested this hypothesis in the present study.
Catastrophizing and pain-related fear predict failure to maintain treatment gains following participation in a pain rehabilitation program

Abstract The present study explored whether pain-related psychosocial risk factors played a role in determining whether treatment gains were maintained following participation in a rehabilitation intervention for musculoskeletal injury. The study sample consisted of 310 individuals (163 women, 147 men) with work-related musculoskeletal conditions who were enrolled in a physical rehabilitation program. Measures of pain severity, pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear were completed at the time of admission and at the time of discharge. Pain severity was assessed again at 1-year postdischarge. Participants were classified as “recovered” if they showed a decrease in pain of at least 2 points and rated their pain at discharge as less than 4/10. Recovered participants were considered to have failed to maintain treatment gains if their pain ratings increased by at least 2 points from discharge assessment to 1-year follow-up, and they rated their pain as 4/10 or greater at 1-year follow-up. The results of a logistic regression revealed that participants with high posttreatment scores on measures of catastrophizing and fear of pain were at increased risk of failing to maintain treatment gains. The findings suggest that unless end-of-treatment scores on catastrophizing and fear of pain fall below the risk range, treatment-related reductions in pain severity may not be maintained in the long term. The clinical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
Apical Surfaces of Polarized Epithelial Cells

The transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) infects the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract of pigs, resulting in a high mortality rate in piglets. This study shows the interaction of TGEV with a porcine epithelial cell line. To determine the site of viral entry, LLC-PK1 cells were grown on permeable filter supports and infected with TGEV from the apical or basolateral side. Initially after plating, the virus was found to enter the cells from both sides. During further development of cell polarity, however, the entry became restricted to the apical membrane. Viral entry could be blocked by a monoclonal antibody to the viral receptor aminopeptidase N. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that this receptor protein was present at both the apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains just after plating of the cells but that it became restricted to the apical plasma membrane during culture. To establish the site of viral release, the viral content of the apical and basolateral media of apically infected LLC-PK1 cells was measured by determining the amount of radioactively labelled viral proteins and infectious viral particles. We found that TGEV was preferentially released from the apical plasma membrane. This conclusion was confirmed by electron microscopy, which demonstrated that newly synthesized viral particles attached to the apical membrane. The results support the idea that the rapid lateral spread ofTGEV infection over the intestinal epithelia occurs by the preferential release of virus from infected epithelial cells into the gut lumen followed by efficient infection of nearby cells through the apical domain.
Impact of Valency of a Glycoprotein B-Specific Monoclonal Antibody on Neutralization of Herpes Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein B (gB) is an integral part of the multicomponent fusion system required for virus entry and cell-cell fusion. Here we investigated the mechanism of viral neutralization by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2c, which specifically recognizes the gB of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2. Binding of MAb 2c to a type-common discontinuous epitope of gB resulted in highly efficient neutralization of HSV at the postbinding/prefusion stage and completely abrogated the viral cell-to-cell spread in vitro. Mapping of the antigenic site recognized by MAb 2c to the recently solved crystal structure of the HSV-1 gB ectodomain revealed that its discontinuous epitope is only partially accessible within the observed multidomain trimer conformation of gB, likely representing its postfusion conformation. To investigate how MAb 2c may interact with gB during membrane fusion, we characterized the properties of monovalent (Fab and scFv) and bivalent [IgG and F(ab′)2] derivatives of MAb 2c. Our data show that the neutralization capacity of MAb 2c is dependent on cross-linkage of gB trimers. As a result, only bivalent derivatives of MAb 2c exhibited high neutralizing activity in vitro. Notably, bivalent MAb 2c not only was capable of preventing mucocutaneous disease in severely immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice upon vaginal HSV-1 challenge but also protected animals even with neuronal HSV infection. We also report for the first time that an anti-gB specific monoclonal antibody prevents HSV-1-induced encephalitis entirely independently from complement activation, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and cellular immunity. This indicates the potential for further development of MAb 2c as an anti-HSV drug.
Exchange Rates’ Effect on Spot and Futures Equity Index Markets: A Study on Borsa Istanbul

This paper examines the linkages between the foreign exchange rates, spot equity index and equity index futures. The study aims to investi-gate whether there is difference between the spot and futures markets in the scope of relation with the foreign exchange rates’ returns and which leads the other. The relationships are examined by using the vector autoregression (VAR) model, impulse-response functions, variance decomposition and Granger Causality tests. The sample of the study consists of US dollar to Turkish Lira rate (USD/TRY), Euro to Turkish Lira rate (EUR/TRY), BIST 30 Index and BIST 30 Index Futures. The data of the study includes the period between January 2011 and December 2014 with daily data range. Our results have evidence that the foreign exchange rate markets in Turkey are driven by the equity market.
Chat Speed OP PogChamp: Practices of Coherence in Massive Twitch Chat

Twitch.tv, a streaming platform known for video game content, has grown tremendously since its inception in 2011. We examine communication practices in Twitch chats for the popular game Hearthstone, comparing massive chats with at least 10,000 concurrent viewers and small chats with fewer than 2,000 concurrent viewers. Due to the large scale and fast pace of massive chats, communication patterns no longer follow models developed in previous studies of computer-mediated communication. Rather than what other studies have described as communication breakdowns and information overload, participants in massive chats communicate in what we call 'crowdspeak. '