Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depletion of Latent HIV-1 Infection in Vivo: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Purpose of the Study. Resting CD4+ T cells are a primary reservoir for HIV. In these cells the HIV is in a latent form and not a target of current antiviral agents. The chromatin-remodeling enzyme histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) maintains latency of integrated HIV. This study tested the hypothesis that an inhibitor of HDAC1, valproic acid, would result in depletion of latently infected resting CD4+ T cells. Study Population. Four human volunteers with HIV receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Methods. The individual subjects’ antiretroviral therapies were intensified with enfuvirtide, a fusion inhibitor, to minimize the spread of HIV during potential release from latency. The subjects then were treated with oral valproic acid, 500 to 750 mg twice daily, in addition to their antiretroviral therapy, and they were followed for 3 months. Latently infected resting T cells were quantified before and after augmentation of treatment with limiting-dilution culture of resting cells after ex vivo activation. Results. The frequency of resting CD4+ T-cell infection was stable before the addition of enfuvirtide and valproic acid but declined thereafter. This decline was significant in 3 or 4 patients, with a mean reduction of 75% in circulating HIV-infected resting CD4+ T cells. There were no complications of the additional treatments except for the expected injection-site reactions to enfuvirtide. Conclusions. Combination therapy with an HDAC inhibitor and very potent antiretroviral therapy accelerated the reduction in HIV-infected resting T cells. This suggests a new approach to the management of HIV that eventually may result in clearance of HIV from infected individuals. Reviewer Comments. This study received a fair amount of media coverage at the time it was published. It begs the question, can HIV be cured? A 75% reduction in the resting T-cell reservoir seems impressive. However, this was a very short-term study, and the kinetics and degree to which the resting T-cell reservoir was replenished after discontinuation of valproic acid was not reported. In addition, valproic acid, a widely used anticonvulsant, is potentially highly toxic and has “black-box” warnings for hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and pancreatitis. Despite the authors’ optimistic conclusions, “this finding, though not definitive, suggests that new approaches will allow the cure of HIV in the future,” use of the “C word” is likely premature.
Association between level of interferon gamma and acid-fast bacillipositivity in pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) that infected numerous organ especially the lung. A person’s immunity is very affecting for a person exposed to pulmonary tuberculosis. T-helper-1 cell (Th1) is very influential in the immune system especially in interfering intracellular bacterial infection. One of the cytokines known produced by Th1 cell is interferon gamma (IFN-γ) which is in eliminating M. tuberculosis. The study aims to identify the association between level of IFN-γ and AFB positivity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Medan. It is a case-control study. The subjects of the study were 60 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with AFB sputum smear- positive that never received ATT consisting 20 cases AFB (+1), 20 cases AFB (+2) and 20 cases AFB (+3). Samples were plasma collected from the venous blood of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The plasma then underwent laboratory assay with ELISA techniques. Independent t-test was p<0.05 considered significant. Level of IFN-γ in TB AFB (+1) is higher than TB AFB (+2) and (+3), with thesignificant statistical result (p=0.001).
The verb phrase in English: Investigating recent language change with corpora

1. Introduction Bas Aarts, Joanne Close, Geoffrey Leech and Sean Wallis 2. Choices over time: methodological issues in investigating current change Bas Aarts, Joanne Close and Sean Wallis 3. Recent shifts with three nonfinite verbal complements in English: data from the 100 million word TIME Corpus (1920s-2000s) Mark Davies 4. Verb structures in twentieth-century British English Nicholas Smith and Geoffrey Leech 5. Nominalizing the verb phrase in academic science writing Douglas Biber and Bethany Gray 6. The verb phrase in contemporary Canadian English Sali Tagliamonte 7. Recent change and grammaticalization Manfred Krug and Ole Schutzler 8. The progressive verb in modern American English Magnus Levin 9. I was just reading this article - on the expression of recentness and the English past progressive Meike Pfaff, Alexander Bergs and Thomas Hoffmann 10. Bare infinitival complements in present-day English Marcus Callies 11. Operator and negative contraction in spoken British English: a change in progress Jose Ramon Varela Perez 12. The development of comment clauses Gunther Kaltenbock 13. The perfect in spoken British English Jill Bowie, Sean Wallis and Bas Aarts 14. Changes in the verb phrase in legislative language in English Christopher Williams 15. Modals and semi-modals of obligation in American English: some aspects of developments from 1990 until the present day Stig Johansson.
Effect of chia seed (Salvia Hispanica L.) supplementation on postprandial glucose and satiety

Background: A healthy diet and weight management are beneficial in reducing risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Increasing dietary fiber intake has been shown to lower post-prandial glucose (PPG) levels and increase satiety, but the majority of people do not meet the recommended fiber intake. Chia seed (Salvia Hispanica, L) contains an excellent source of dietary fiber and has been shown to be positively associated with lower PPG levels and decreased appetite. Objective: The proposed study was to determine the effect of supplementing 20% of daily calories from chia seeds on satiety and PPG levels. Design: This was a free-living, randomized cross-over design study with 5-week treatment periods separated by a 5-week washout period. Twenty-three healthy females, between the age of 19-50 years and with a normal BMI from Cal Poly Pomona were recruited. Fasting glucose and PPG levels were measured using finger prick testing at baseline and 60 minutes after consuming 1/3 of the allotted chia seed in 6 ounces of 100% fruit juice. Satiety was measured by satiety rankings and visual analog scale (VAS) appetite questionnaires. Postprandial glucose levels were analyzed using a 2(condition) x 3(time) repeated measure ANOVA. Satiety was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent ttest was used for VAS appetite questionnaires. Result: The before, during and after meal satiety, VAS appetite questionnaires and PPG levels were not significantly different between the control and chia seed supplemented period. Conclusion: Twenty percent chia seed supplementation was not associated with lowering PPG levels or increased satiety in this study.
Treatment of Research and Sexual Abuse: A Journal

There is much concern about the likelihood that online sexual offenders (particularly online child pornography offenders) have either committed or will commit offline sexual offenses involving contact with a victim. This study addresses this question in two metaanalyses: the first examined the contact sexual offense histories of online offenders, whereas the second examined the recidivism rates from follow-up studies of online offenders. The first meta-analysis found that approximately 1 in 8 online offenders (12%) have an officially known contact sexual offense history at the time of their index offense (k = 21, N = 4,464). Approximately one in two (55%) online offenders admitted to a contact sexual offense in the six studies that had self-report data (N = 523). The second meta-analysis revealed that 4.6% of online offenders committed a new sexual offense of some kind during a 1.5to 6-year follow-up (k = 9, N = 2,630); 2.0% committed a contact sexual offense and 3.4% committed a new child pornography offense. The results of these two quantitative reviews suggest that there may be a distinct subgroup of online-only offenders who pose relatively low risk of committing contact sexual offenses in the future.
Feedback in Second Language Writing: Does error feedback help student writers? New evidence on the short- and long-term effects of written error correction

Attitudes and approaches toward student error have been a source of debate among second language acquisition (SLA) and second language (L2) writing scholars for more than two decades. The debate has ranged from calls for correction of all student errors to prevent fossilization (e.g., Higgs & Clifford, 1982; Lalande, 1982) to a preference for selective correction that focuses on patterns of error that can be addressed productively (Bates et al., 1993; Ferris, 1995c; Hendrickson, 1978) torecommendations that all error correction be eliminated because it is unnecessary, ineffective and even counterproductive (Cook, 1991; Corder, 1981; Krashen, 1984; Selinker, 1992; Truscott, 1996). The issue of error treatment (including error analysis, feedback, and instruction) is especially salient in the case of L2 writing classes for two reasons. First, despite disagreement on other points surrounding error correction, there is a fair amount of agreement among researchers on two counts: (1) that accuracy in writing matters to academic and professional audiences and that obvious L2 error may stigmatize writers in some contexts (FerrisH Horowitz, 1986; James, 1998; Johns, 1995); and (2) that L2 student writers themselves claim to need and value error feedback from their instructors (Cohen & Cavalcanti, 1990; Ferris, 1995b; Ferris & Roberts, 2001; Hedgcock & Lefkowitz, 1994; Leki, 1991; Truscott, 1996). Second, the research base on the question of whether error feedback helps students to improve in the short run or over time is inadequate as to number of studies and inconsistent as to research design (Ferris, 1999, 2004; Polio, 1997).
Kepuasan Wisatawan Terhadap Situs Warisan Budaya Candi Prambanan

Penelitian ini mengukur tingkat kepuasan wisatawan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dengan mengidentifikasi atribut obyek wisata candi Prambanan dengan menggunakan analisis importance-performance dan regresi berganda Ordinary Least Square . Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa tingkat kepuasan wisatawan Candi Prambanan menurut atribut destinasi wisata termasuk dalam kriteria cukup puas. Prosedur kehidupan masyarakat, hasil kreasi manusia, dan fasilitas pariwisata adalah indikator utama kepuasan wisatawan. Kondisi fisik candi (kemegahan candi, taman, keramahan, keselamatan, dan kebersihan) adalah faktor yang sangat memuaskan wisatawan. Fokus pada atribut-atribut tersebut akan meningkatkan kepuasan wisatawan. Sedangkan transportasi umum, area perbelanjaan, restoran, hotel atau penginapan, cenderamata, paket wisata, festival atau upacara budaya, harga tiket, pengeluaran selama perjalanan, dan kecocokan harga memiliki tingkat kepentingan dan kinerja yang rendah, sehingga peningkatan atribut-atribut tersebut tidak harus menjadi prioritas. Museum dan areal parkir dinilai berlebihan oleh wisatawan.
Fesoterodine: a novel muscarinic receptor antagonist for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome

Background: Fesoterodine is a newly approved drug for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome. Objective: The aim of this study was to review the preclinical and clinical data on fesoterodine. Methods: The study involved a search of the Medline database and the proceedings volumes of urological congresses. Results/conclusions: Fesoterodine functions as an orally active prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite 5-hydroxymethyltolterodine by non-specific esterases. 5-Hydroxymethyltolterodine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Fesoterodine is primarily eliminated as inactive metabolites along with significant renal excretion as the unchanged active metabolite 5-hydroxymethyltolterodine. Fesoterodine is indicated for use at doses of 4 and 8 mg once daily. In clinical studies both doses of fesoterodine were consistently superior to placebo in improving the symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome, with 8 mg/day having significantly greater effects than 4 mg/day.
Early identification of children at risk : an international perspective

This volume contains contributions that are interdisciplinary and inter- national. The editors believe this is an especially timely and promising enterprise, for both sources of diversity are needed for improving our abilities to identify the young child at risk and to prevent disability. In terms of diSciplines, the volume brings together papers by health care providers (such as pediatricians and public health nurses) as well as educators and psychologists. Each of these groups works in dissimilar settings and faces dissimilar problems: Health care providers seek sim- ple identification procedures for use in busy primary care settings; psy- chologists emphasize well-constructed research designs; and educators reflect the need for early identification and education. Each of these spe- cialist groups has something to offer the other, but too often each tends to limit its publications and readings to its own discipline, thus failing to capitalize on a wider scope. of knowledge and practice. We hope that this selection of papers will allow all readers addressing the early iden- tification of children at risk to generate a more integrated interdiscipli- nary perspective. We also hope this volume reflects the sense of excitement that we feel from a sharing of international perspectives. There is no single ap- proach to the early identification of children at risk that is universally applicable to all countries. In addition, approaches within each country vary because of availability of financial and human resources and dif- fering expectations of local communities.
A model for generating on-off speech patterns in two-way conversation

This paper describes a model that generates on-off speech patterns representative of those in experimental two-way telephone conversations. The model assumes a conversant to occupy one of three speaking or one of three silent states. Transitions among the states arc determined by Poisson processes governed by six parameters (one for each state). The validity of the model is tested by comparing the model computer simulation of 16 conversations with 16 real conversations. Cumulative distribution functions are compared for ten events (such as talkspurts, pauses, mutual silences, and so on) defined on the speech patterns. The model yields good fits to all events except “speech before interruption;” when an interruption occurs, a model speaker tends to interrupt the other's talkspurt later than a real speaker does. Theoretical behavior of the model is also studied. All events consist of concatenations of exponentially distributed “state durations,” even though most events are not themselves exponential. For some purposes, the exponential distribution is a satisfactory empirical fit to talkspurts, but not to pauses. Possible applications of the model include studying people's motivations to talk and fall silent on different circuits, and predicting statistical behavior of voice operated devices on the circuits.
The role of psychostimulants in psychogeriatrics: a New Zealand survey

Background: Psychostimulants, including dexamphetamine, methylphenidate and modafinil, have been in use to varying degrees in general psychiatry for over 70 years, especially in psychogeriatrics. While there is some evidence for their clinical effectiveness in depression, they are not considered standard treatments in major depression or other affective disorders. This objective of this study was to ascertain the current prescribing practices of psychostimulants by psychogeriatricians in New Zealand.
Bartholin's Cyst and Abscesses in a Tertiary Health Facility in Port Harcourt, South-South Nigeria

Cyst or abscess formations of Bartholin’s gland are among common gynecological diseases in emergency departments in both developing and developed countries. To determine the incidence, risk factors and recurrence rate of women who presented with Bartholin’s duct cyst and abscess in the gynaecological department of University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital. A retrospective review of all Bartholin’s duct cysts and abscesses managed at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt over a 5 year period (January 2009 to December 2013). There were 40 cases of Bartholin’s’ duct cyst and abscess out of 2901 gynaecology admissions, giving an incidence of 1.4%. Thirty-eight patient’s case records were available for analysis. Bartholin’s abscess was the commonest diagnosis; occurring in 21(55.3%) of the patient within the study. Left vulva swelling was the commonest presentation accounting for 71% (27). The identified risk factors included; recurrent Bartholin’s gland swelling 14 (36.8%) of the patients, multiple sexual partners 11 (28.9%), previous trauma to mediolateral episiotomies 5 (13.1%) and previous history of sexually transmitted infection 4 (10.5%). Bartholin’s gland cyst and abscess are important common gynaecological diseases which need definite treatment to reduce and prevent recurrence. The patients’ life style and practitioners’ mode of medical practice are known risk factors.
Dealing With Visual Features Loss During a Vision-Based Task For a Mobile Robot

In this article, we address the problem of computing the image features when they become temporarily unavailable during a vision-based navigation task. The method consists in analytically integrating the relation between the visual features motion in the image and the camera motion. Then, we use this approach to design sensor-based control laws that are able to tolerate the complete loss of the visual data during a vision-based navigation task in an unknown environment. Simulation and experimentation results demonstrate the validity and the interest of our method.
Architecture racinaire du palmier à huile : modélisation et simulation

Le systeme racinaire du palmier a huile a ete caracterise par une analyse detaillee de son architecture et de sa dynamique d'edification. La reconnaissance de huit types racinaires, selon leur etat de differenciation et leur sequence de mise en place, nous a permis d'etablir les bases qualitatives d'une formalisation mathematique du fonctionnement des meristemes racinaires. Les modeles mathematiques utilises sont bases sur des processus stochastiques (graphes, automates, lois de probabilite). Les processus de croissance, de ramification et de mortalite des axes, ainsi que la geometrie ont ete formalises puis rassembles dans un modele synthetique : l'axe de reference. L'utilisation de logiciels de simulation a permis de creer des maquettes numeriques tridimensionnell es dont la validation parait satisfaisante. Ces maquettes permettent d'estimer et de localiser la biomasse racinaire, les surfaces absorbantes et le volume de sol utile pour les elements et permettent d'envisager des perspectives plus larges par couplage a un modele fonctionnel de la plante entiere. (Resume d'auteurs)
Transforming growth factor-β in thermally injured patients with hypertrophic scars : Effects of interferon α-2b

Hypertrophic scarring is a common dermal fibroproliferative disorder that leads to poor quality wound healing, prolongs rehabilitation, and increases morbidity following major thermal and other injuries to the deep dermis. Local and systemic transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been implicated as a fibrogenic cytokine in the pathogenesis of many fibrotic disorders, whereas interferon (IFN) alpha-2b may improve the pathologic features of dermal fibrosis directly or by antagonizing the effects of TGF-beta and histamine. Nine patients with severe hypertrophic scarring were evaluated for 8 weeks before treatment with subcutaneous recombinant IFN alpha-2b, 2 x 10(6) IU three times per week for 24 weeks. Clinical assessment was performed using standardized photography, a burn scar assessment tool, and serial scar volume measurements. Monthly measurements of serum TGF-beta and plasma Ntau-methylhistamine were made prior to, during, and after IFN alpha-2b therapy and compared with 27 age-matched controls. Serial biopsies of the hypertrophic scars and normal skin were performed for evaluation of mast cell numbers. Significant improvement in scar assessment occurred in 7 of 9 patients, and 3 of 9 demonstrated significant reductions in scar volume with interferon therapy beyond that occurring during the 8-week control period. For the entire group, mean rates of improvement were significantly better during interferon therapy with no recurrence following treatment. Before interferon therapy, serum TGF-beta was significantly higher in the burn patients with hypertrophic scarring than in a control population (123.04 +/- 36.48 vs. 56.85 +/- 8.38 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Within 3 months of IFN alpha-2b therapy, serum TGF-beta levels fell significantly and remained within the normal range during therapy and after interferon therapy was stopped. Plasma Ntau-methylhistamine levels were also significantly elevated in the hypertrophic scar patients as compared with age and sex-matched controls (153.6 +/- 92.07 vs. 48.3 +/- 28.9 pg/ml, p < 0.05), and significant reductions were achieved with interferon therapy and maintained after interferon was discontinued. Paired biopsies of hypertrophic scarring and normal tissue demonstrated increased numbers of mast cells in hypertrophic scars compared with normal uninjured skin from the same patients (2.65 +/- 1.63 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.62 cells/high power field, p < 0.001); however, no significant change in mast cell content of the hypertrophic scars accompanied interferon therapy. Patients with severe hypertrophic scarring demonstrate increased levels of serum TGF-beta and plasma Ntau-methylhistamine following thermal injury. A significant clinical improvement in scar quality and volume occurred during IFN alpha-2b therapy, which was associated with normalization of serum TGF-beta and plasma Ntau-methylhistamine levels. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will be required to further assess the usefulness of subcutaneous treatment with IFN alpha-2b for the treatment of hypertrophic scarring.
THE DEGREE OF AGREEMENT OF QUANTIFERON TB GOLD TEST AND TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST IN NURSES

Vaziri S (MD)*, Khazaei S (MSc), Neishaboori SM 3 Molaei tavana P , Kanani M (MD), Madani SH (MD) Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. MSc of Microbiology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Medical Student, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Pathologist, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract