Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance of childhood uropathogens

As one of the common childhood infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs) take up an important part of a pediatrician’s daily routine practice. Not only can UTIs lead to life-threatining complications in infants, but also to renal scarring and related complications in all age groups. In order to avoid morbidity, it is suggested that treatment should be started as soon as a UTI is recognized, but because urine cultures (the gold-standard for the diagnosis of UTI) take 24–48 h to process, initial treatment is started empirically. At this point, knowledge of the pathogens causing the UTI and local antibiotic sensitivity patterns are needed to ensure appropriate treatment. With this purpose, studies were conducted all over the world and high levels of resistance to ampicillin, cephalexin and trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole were commonly reported. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance of uropathogens in complicated and recurrent UTIs was found to be even higher than that in first, uncomplicated UTIs. Multidru.
Non-HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke -

Objective: Ischemic stroke is defined as acute neurological disorder according to cerebral vascular damage and reduced blood flow to a particular region of the brain. Ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and placed 3rd among the causes of death. About 80% of all strokes depend on ischemic cause. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture or addition of a thrombus on plaque is the most common cause of ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis is associated with the level of blood lipids from the first stages of the formation process. In our study, we aimed to investigate non-HDL, total cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: This study was performed in 52 patients who were admitted at Ankara Numune Hospital for Education and Investigation, Division of Neurology between December 2009- May 2010 with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke in the first 24 hours and 48 healthy individuals matched for age and gender, who was admitted at the hospital during the same period. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels were measured by DXC 800 autoanalyzer (Beckmann-Coulter, USA). LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels were calculated according to the formulas. Results: Patient group had significantly lower HDL-C levels than the control group (p=0.009), whereas the triglyceride and total cholesterol / HDL-C levels were significantly higher (p=0.013, p=0.018). Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels did not differ significantly between groups. There were significant correlations between non-HDL-cholesterol levels and triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (respectively r=0.468, r=0.964, r=0.851) (respectively p
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias: Clinical Aspects

RECOGNITION of the importance and prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias largely derives from coronary care unit experience. These disorders, however, are not limited to patients with acute myocardial infarction. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring has demonstrated that the majority of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) experience ventricular ectopic activity. ' These ectopic rhythms generally are sporadic, rarely perceived by the patient, and without compromise to cardiac performance. The clinical challenge resides exclusively in deciphering their possible augury for sudden death. The ventricular tachysystoles present a different problem. Since they can jeopardize immediate survival precise diagnosis at times must defer to treatment. When the mechanism is presumed to be ventricular tachycardia (VT), the physician is confronted by a paradox; namely, a disorder which is simple to terminate, only rarely difficult to prevent, but invariably impossible to diagnose with certainty. This latter fact has nurtured an abundant literature with a surfeit of scholastic exegesis turning on small if not trivial points. The objective of the present report is to present a clinical overview based on an extensive experience with these disorders. Three rhythm disorders are included under the rubric of ventricular tachysystoles; namely, VT, ventricular flutter, and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Of these disorders VT is the most frequent and will be discussed in some detail.
Data set for fall events and daily activities from inertial sensors

Wearable sensors are becoming popular for remote health monitoring as technology improves and cost reduces. One area in which wearable sensors are increasingly being used is falls monitoring. The elderly, in particular are vulnerable to falls and require continuous monitoring. Indeed, many attempts, with insufficient success have been made towards accurate, robust and generic falls and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) classification. A major challenge in developing solutions for fall detection is access to sufficiently large data sets. This paper presents a description of the data set and the experimental protocols designed by the authors for the simulation of falls, near-falls and ADL. Forty-two volunteers were recruited to participate in an experiment that involved a set of scripted protocols. Four types of falls (forward, backward, lateral left and right) and several ADL were simulated. This data set is intended for the evaluation of fall detection algorithms by combining daily activities and transitions from one posture to another with falls. In our prior work, machine learning based fall detection algorithms were developed and evaluated. Results showed that our algorithm was able to discriminate between falls and ADL with an F-measure of 94%.
Computational Thinking in K-9 Education

In this report we consider the current status of the coverage of computer science in education at the lowest levels of education in multiple countries. Our focus is on computational thinking (CT), a term meant to encompass a set of concepts and thought processes that aid in formulating problems and their solutions in different fields in a way that could involve computers [130]. The main goal of this report is to help teachers, those involved in teacher education, and decision makers to make informed decisions about how and when CT can be included in their local institutions. We begin by defining CT and then discuss the current state of CT in K-9 education in multiple countries in Europe as well as the United States. Since many students are exposed to CT outside of school, we also discuss the current state of informal educational initiatives in the same set of countries. An important contribution of the report is a survey distributed to K-9 teachers, aiming at revealing to what extent different aspects of CT are already part of teachers' classroom practice and how this is done. The survey data suggest that some teachers are already involved in activities that have strong potential for introducing some aspects of CT. In addition to the examples given by teachers participating in the survey, we present some additional sample activities and lesson plans for working with aspects of CT in different subjects. We also discuss ways in which teacher training can be coordinated as well as the issue of repositories. We conclude with future directions for research in CT at school.
The effects of explosion on the musculoskeletal system

Explosions remain the leading cause of death and injury to combatants in conflict. The current ‘Global War on Terror’ has resulted in a shift of explosive-related injuries from the battlefield into civilian centres. Despite musculoskeletal injuries being the most common injury witnessed in blast, there remains little research into the effects of blast on this system. In order to develop new treatment regimens and mitigation systems, there is a requirement to have a better understanding of skeletal trauma in this unique environment. The aim of this review article is to deconstruct the complex injury mechanisms witnessed in blast and relate them to its effects on the musculoskeletal system.
Gender Effect on the Accident Patterns of Elderly Drivers

Increased suburbanization, a greater dependency on the automobile, the continuous growth of the elderly population, and a significant increase in the number of elderly female drivers have created the need for research to investigate gender distinctions in the accident patterns of elderly drivers. Differences in accident patterns between younger and older drivers in this investigation are attributed partially to aging-related diminished abilities and partially to differences in drivership and licensure levels between the past and the present. This study analyzes and compares the accident patterns of elderly males and females. It shows that females aged 65 and over have higher accident involvement rates than elderly males. Accident exposure data indicate a similar exposure for elderly males and females making the higher rates for females more significant. In contrast, the accident patterns of males and females under 65 are similar, suggesting that gender-related differences may disappear in the future.
Transfusion sanguine et hémoglobinopathies

La transfusion reste un element cle de la prise en charge des patients atteints d’hemoglobinopathies. La disponibilite et la qualite des apports transfusionnels ont un role pronostique considerable. Des apports transfusionnels de 150-200 mL/kg/an permettent de maintenir en permanence au-dessus de 9-10 g/dL le taux d’hemoglobine des patients atteints d’un syndrome thalassemique majeur, seuil en regle generale necessaire pour leur assurer une croissance et une activite normales. Les besoins transfusionnels sont beaucoup plus variables chez les patients atteints de syndrome thalassemique intermediaire. Chez les patients drepanocytaires, la transfusion erythrocytaire a deux objectifs, corriger l’anemie et diminuer le taux d’hemoglobine S (HbS) en dessous d’un seuil donne. Les indications des transfusions chroniques se sont sensiblement modifiees ces dernieres annees, notamment apres la mise en evidence qu’un programme transfusionnel regulier normalisait les vitesses de perfusion des arteres cerebrales etudiees par doppler transcrânien chez l’enfant drepanocytaire, et permettait de prevenir la survenue d’accidents vasculaires cerebraux. Les indications de l’hydroxyuree et de la greffe de moelle dans le traitement des formes severes de drepanocytose sont aussi en cours d’etude. La principale complication de la transfusion chronique est la surcharge en fer, qui est aujourd’hui le principal facteur pronostique chez les patients atteints de syndromes thalassemiques majeurs. Le Desferal ®, qui est le plus souvent injecte par voie sous-cutanee, reste le chelateur le mieux connu, mais des chelateurs oraux sont maintenant discutes. Les infections virales post-transfusionnelles ne representent maintenant qu’un risque infime dans les pays developpes. L’allo-immunisation antierythrocytaire a une frequence accrue chez les patients drepanocytaires, du fait de la disparite de repartition des antigenes de groupe sanguin a la surface des hematies des donneurs de sang, majoritairement caucasiens, et des receveurs, majoritairement Afro-antillais. Enfin, certains patients ont un capital veineux si pauvre qu’ils necessitent la pose de dispositifs d’acces veineux permanents, alors qu’on rapporte une frequence accrue d’accidents infectieux et/ou thrombotiques lies a la presence d’un Port-a-Cath chez les patients drepanocytaires.
Currently approved prophylactic HPV vaccines

Cervarix® and Gardasil® are two prophylactic HPV vaccines designed primarily for cervical cancer prevention. Cervarix is effective against HPV-16, -18, -31, -33 and -45, the five most common cancer-causing types, including most causes of adenocarcinoma for which we cannot screen adequately. Gardasil is effective against HPV-16, 18 and 31, three common squamous cell cancer-causing types. In addition, Gardasil is effective against HPV-6 and -11, causes of genital warts and respiratory papillomatosis. The most important determinant of vaccine impact to reduce cervical cancer is its duration of efficacy. To date, Cervarix’s efficacy is proven for 6.4 years and Gardasil’s for 5 years.
Topical treatments for cutaneous warts: an update

Evaluation of: Kwok CS, Gibbs S, Bennett C, Holland R, Abbott R. Topical treatments for cutaneous warts. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 9, CD001781 (2012). Cutaneous warts are common skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus infection. Their treatment is aimed at relieving a patient’s physical and psychological discomfort, and at preventing spread of infection by autoinoculation. The aim of the article under review is to describe the outcome of current therapies for cutaneous warts according to randomized controlled trials. Results from pooled data show that significantly higher remission rates may be expected with salicylic acid and cryotherapy, best if used in combination. Limited data on adverse effects suggest that these are mild, well tolerated and more common with cryotherapy.
Treatment of Varicose Veins by Foam Sclerotherapy: Two Clinical Series

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy of varicose veins (VV) with sclerosing foam (SF) made using Tessari's method (three-way tap and two plastic syringes). Design: Two multi-centre prospective clinical series were documented (CS1 and CS2). In CS1, which ran from March to December 2000, 177 patients (39 men, 138 women), mean age 56 years, were treated in three centres for W related to incompetence of saphenous veins, recurrence, perforators or collaterals. Conventional or duplex-guided sclerotherapy was performed using SF made of purified sodium tetradecyl sulphate (PSTS) 0.2−3% (Fibro-vein, STD Pharmaceuticals, UK) and air. An average of 1.6 (SD 0.8) sessions per patient were performed and 2.9 (SD 1.0) ml of SF (i.e. 0.6 ml of PSTS) per session was employed. An elastic stocking providing 20 −30 or 30−40 mmHg compression was worn by patients following treatment. All the patients were reviewed (clinical examination and colour duplex ultrasonography) at 1 month. Sixty-six patients had a further follow-up 45−370 days after treatment. The 17 patients in CS2, a multi-centre study, were treated in March and April 2001. An independent observer assessed patients with major W (CEAP and W type distribution similar to CS1) before and after the treatment, and also observed the treatment, which was carried out using the technique employed in CS1. Results: In CS1 at 1 month follow-up there was: (A) obliteration of the vessel or antegrade flow in 161 (91%) patients, (B) minimal retrograde flow in the treated vein, without visible W, in 15 (8.4%) cases and (C) persistence of vessel patency with retrograde flow and visible W (failure) in 1 (0.6%) case. At 45−370 days (mean 138 days) follow-up results were: type A in 44 (67%) cases, type B in 17 (26%) cases and type C in 5 (8%) cases. The main complications were extension of sclerothrombus from superficial to deep veins (n = 2), allergy (n = 1), malaise (n = 1) and scotoma (n = 1). In CS2 at 30 days follow-up 100% of the treated venous segments had a type A outcome after an average of 1.4 sessions. No relevant complication occurred in this series. Conclusions: Sclerotherapy of major VV by means of SF prepared by Tessari's method is a safe and effective form of treatment. Low doses and a low concentration of drug may be successfully employed. Further studies are needed to establish the long- term results and overall safety of this form of foam sclerotherapy.
Impact of 3D Channel Modeling for Ultra-High Speed Beyond-5G Networks

Three-dimensional (3D) channel models are essential for the accurate and realistic performance evaluation of mobile networks. Legacy 2D channel models have been shown to underestimate performance. Also, 5G/B5G systems will feature both microwave $(\mu \mathbf{Wave})$ and millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels. Using the 3GPP 3D channel models in these two frequency bands, we analyzed system performance in urban macrocell (UMa) and urban microcell (UMi) scenarios. Our results show that the mmWave tier anticipated to provide multi-gigabits-per-second throughputs suffers SINR bottleneck, particularly for indoor users served by outdoor base stations (BSs). The SINR statistics reveal that indoor users experience up to 30 dB additional losses from wall and in-building objects. It also reveals the degrading impact of the higher noise levels resulting from the larger bandwidths employed in mmWave systems. The impact of user height distribution and BS downtilt angles on system performance have also been investigated. To realize ultra-high speed networks, future 5G/B5G systems must employ techniques that will significantly enhance the SINR in order to optimize performance in the face of the limiting channel effects.
Experimental rabies vaccines for humans

Rabies remains a global public health threat that kills more than 55,000 people per year. Rabies disproportionately affects children and, therefore, is ranked the seventh most important infectious disease due to years lost. Prevention of human rabies is accomplished by controlling rabies in domestic and wild animals, including the use of vaccination programs. The usefulness of human rabies vaccines is hampered by high cost, complicated vaccination regimens and lack of compliance, especially in areas of Africa and Asia where human rabies infections are endemic. A single-dose vaccine would greatly benefit efforts to combat this global health threat. However, a single-dose vaccine based on current inactivated vaccines does not appear feasible and other approaches are needed. Technology has advanced since modern human rabies vaccines were developed over 40 years ago. In addition, our understanding of immunological principles that influence the outcome of vaccination has increased. This article describes the current status of inactivated rabies virus vaccines and recent developments arising from the use of reverse genetics technologies designed to develop replication-deficient or single-cycle live rabies virus-based vectors for use as a single-dose rabies vaccine for humans.
Weakly-Shared Deep Transfer Networks for Heterogeneous-Domain Knowledge Propagation

In recent years, deep networks have been successfully applied to model image concepts and achieved competitive performance on many data sets. In spite of impressive performance, the conventional deep networks can be subjected to the decayed performance if we have insufficient training examples. This problem becomes extremely severe for deep networks with powerful representation structure, making them prone to over fitting by capturing nonessential or noisy information in a small data set. In this paper, to address this challenge, we will develop a novel deep network structure, capable of transferring labeling information across heterogeneous domains, especially from text domain to image domain. This weakly-shared Deep Transfer Networks (DTNs) can adequately mitigate the problem of insufficient image training data by bringing in rich labels from the text domain. Specifically, we present a novel architecture of DTNs to translate cross-domain information from text to image. To share the labels between two domains, we will build multiple weakly shared layers of features. It allows to represent both shared inter-domain features and domain-specific features, making this structure more flexible and powerful in capturing complex data of different domains jointly than the strongly shared layers. Experiments on real world dataset will show its competitive performance as compared with the other state-of-the-art methods.
Joint Visual-Textual Sentiment Analysis with Deep Neural Networks

Sentiment analysis of online user generated content is important for many social media analytics tasks. Researchers have largely relied on textual sentiment analysis to develop systems to predict political elections, measure economic indicators, and so on. Recently, social media users are increasingly using additional images and videos to express their opinions and share their experiences. Sentiment analysis of such large-scale textual and visual content can help better extract user sentiments toward events or topics. Motivated by the needs to leverage large-scale social multimedia content for sentiment analysis, we utilize both the state-of-the-art visual and textual sentiment analysis techniques for joint visual-textual sentiment analysis. We first fine-tune a convolutional neural network (CNN) for image sentiment analysis and train a paragraph vector model for textual sentiment analysis. We have conducted extensive experiments on both machine weakly labeled and manually labeled image tweets. The results show that joint visual-textual features can achieve the state-of-the-art performance than textual and visual sentiment analysis algorithms alone.
Two Reasons to Make Aggregated Probability Forecasts More Extreme

When aggregating the probability estimates of many individuals to form a consensus probability estimate of an uncertain future event, it is common to combine them using a simple weighted average. Such aggregated probabilities correspond more closely to the real world if they are transformed by pushing them closer to 0 or 1. We explain the need for such transformations in terms of two distorting factors: The first factor is the compression of the probability scale at the two ends, so that random error tends to push the average probability toward 0.5. This effect does not occur for the median forecast, or, arguably, for the mean of the log odds of individual forecasts. The second factor---which affects mean, median, and mean of log odds---is the result of forecasters taking into account their individual ignorance of the total body of information available. Individual confidence in the direction of a probability judgment (high/low) thus fails to take into account the wisdom of crowds that results from combining different evidence available to different judges. We show that the same transformation function can approximately eliminate both distorting effects with different parameters for the mean and the median. And we show how, in principle, use of the median can help distinguish the two effects.
Impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines on the changing epidemiology of pneumococcal infections

Streptococcus pneumoniae-related infections have a major global impact on healthcare, especially in the developing world, and are considered the number one vaccine-preventable cause of death in children. There are more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes and 46 serogroups. The first capsular polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine was licensed in the USA in 1977 for individuals older than 2 years of age at high risk for pneumococcal disease. Two decades later, the first 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide–protein conjugate vaccine completed the required clinical trials and was introduced as part of the national immunization program of various countries. New-generation vaccines that include emerging serotypes, while maintaining protection against the 7-valent pneumococcal serotypes, have recently been approved. With the addition of these serotypes, the majority of potential pneumococcal serotypes causing invasive disease in most parts of the world could be covered.