Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional modeling of clinoforms in shallow-marine reservoirs: Part 1. Concepts and application

Clinoform surfaces control aspects of facies architecture within shallow-marine parasequences and can also act as barriers or baffles to flow where they are lined by low-permeability lithologies, such as cements or mudstones. Current reservoir modeling techniques are not well suited to capturing clinoforms, particularly if they are numerous, below seismic resolution, and/or difficult to correlate between wells. At present, there are no modeling tools available to automate the generation of multiple three-dimensional clinoform surfaces using a small number of input parameters. Consequently, clinoforms are rarely incorporated in models of shallow-marine reservoirs, even when their potential impact on fluid flow is recognized. A numerical algorithm that generates multiple clinoforms within a volume defined by two bounding surfaces, such as a delta-lobe deposit or shoreface parasequence, is developed. A geometric approach is taken to construct the shape of a clinoform, combining its height relative to the bounding surfaces with a mathematical function that describes clinoform geometry. The method is flexible, allowing the user to define the progradation direction and the parameters that control the geometry and distribution of individual clinoforms. The algorithm is validated via construction of surface-based three-dimensional reservoir models of (1) fluvial-dominated delta-lobe deposits exposed at the outcrop (Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member, Utah), and (2) a sparse subsurface data set from a deltaic reservoir (Jurassic Sognefjord Formation, Troll Field, Norwegian North Sea). Resulting flow simulation results demonstrate the value of including algorithm-generated clinoforms in reservoir models, because they may significantly impact hydrocarbon recovery when associated with areally extensive barriers to flow.
Pattern of Women's Education in Minangkabauthrough the Lingual Forms in the Myth of Palasik

The purposes of the research are (1) to describe the lingual forms used by Minangkabau people in developing in the myth of palasik; (2) to explain the functions and meanings of lingual forms in the myths of palasik used by the Minangkabau people; and (3) to explain the pattern of women’s education in Minangkabau through lingual forms in the palasik myth. The method of the research is the descriptive research method proposed by Taylor, Bogdan, and DeVault (2015) to produce descriptive data in the form of lingual forms used by Minangkabau people in palasik myths, and Cresweel (2018) to explain the pattern of women's education in social tradition aspects of the Minangkabau people, especially through the palasik myth. The results of the research found that (1) the palasik myths developes in Minangnese society through lingual forms, such as the prohibition of pregnant women and nursing mothers to go outside the home; prohibition of drying baby clothes outside the home; the prohibition of avoiding people who follow Palasik black magic; obligation for pregnant women, nursing mothers, and babies to use amulets, attach garlic to clothes, and use white iron in their hands; and the obligation to wear an undershirt or reversed shirt to the baby; (2) the functions and meanings of lingual forms in palasik myths are spiritual functions to control social life and psychological functions to control individual life; and (3) the Minangnese have an educational pattern for women, especially for pregnant women and nursing mothers in taking care of themselves and babies.
The Social Construction of Entrepreneurship in the Minangkabau Millennial Generation

The internet has changed many aspects of human life. The internet has also affected the economic life of the community, including influencing entrepreneurial construction in society. In this regard, it is interesting to find answers to how the process of social construction of entrepreneurship occurs in the generation exposed or affected by the internet, namely the millennial generation. To get answers to these questions, a study was conducted with a qualitative approach. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 20 people from the millennial generation involved in a business based on social media. In addition, observations were also made of the business activities of the millennial generation on social media. Data analysis was performed using the Miles and Huberman models. The results of the study show that entrepreneurship from the millennial generation is socially constructed dialectically between traditional social institutions, family, overseas realities,
Perceiving the Value of Business Planning

The value of business planning has been subject to much controversy over the past years. In-deed, there appears to be an escalation in empirical research, with opposing implications and diverging approaches to teaching entrepreneurship. Most empirical studies have taken an ex-post, comparative view of the relationship between planning and performance. In this paper, we introduce an ex-ante perspective by formally characterizing the decision of the nascent entrepreneur whether or not to start a business and whether or not to plan beforehand. We focus on the evaluative function of business planning, define the information value of busi-ness planning, identify its influencing factors, and show how costs of business planning de-termine the quality of planning. We find as the crucial aspect of good evaluative business planning that it helps to identify and to sort out poor business ideas before they reach the mar-ket. We contrast our results with conclusions drawn from empirical studies that have been critical of planning. In a setting in which, by construction, planning has a positive value, we question several popular negative implications by showing how they result from an incom-plete sample of entrepreneurs.
Elastic‐plastic fracture analysis of structural columns

This research is achieved in the general frame-work of the study of the concrete behaviour. It has for objective the development of a numerical tool able to predict the behaviour of reinforced concrete columns with circular and square cross-sections under an increasing compressive axial load. The concrete behaviour is assumed as elastic-plastic model with an associated flow rule in compression region and as elastic with tension stiffening behaviour in the tension region. Two yield surfaces have been taken into account according to the Drucker-Prager and Rankine failure criterions. However, the reinforcing steel is assumed as an elastic strain hardening model. A finite element method using solid cube elements for concrete, and bar elements for the reinforcement have been used. Correlation study between numerical and experimental results is conducted with the objective to establish the validity of the proposed model and identify the significance of the transverse reinforcement volumetric ratio effect on the response of reinforced concrete members. Good agreement has been observed in comparing these results.
High-Resolution HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE STIS Spectra of C I and CO in the β Pictoris Circumstellar Disk

High-resolution far-ultraviolet (FUV) echelle spectra showing absorption features arising from C I and CO gas in the β Pic circumstellar (CS) disk were obtained on 1997 December 6 and 19 using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). An unsaturated spin-forbidden line of C I at 1613.376 Å not previously seen in spectra of β Pic was detected, allowing for an improved determination of the column density of C I at zero velocity relative to the star (the stable component), N(3P) = (2-4) × 1016 cm-2. Variable components with multiple velocities, which are the signatures of infalling bodies in the β Pic CS disk, are observed in the C I λλ1561 and 1657 multiplets. Also seen for the first time were two lines arising from the metastable 1D level of carbon at 1931 Å and 1463 Å. The results of analysis of the CO A-X (0-0), (1-0), and (2-0) bands are presented, including the bands arising from 13CO, with much better precision than has previously been possible, as a result of the very high resolution provided by the STIS echelle gratings. Only stable CO gas is observed, with a column density N(CO) = (6.3 ± 0.3) × 1014 cm-2. An unusual ratio of the column densities of 12CO to 13CO is found (R = 15 ± 2). The large difference between the column densities of C I and CO indicates that photodissociation of CO is not the primary source of C I gas in the disk, contrary to previous suggestion.
Amplitudes of solar-like oscillations in red giant stars - Evidence for non-adiabatic effects using CoRoT observations

Context. A growing number of solar-like oscillations has been detected in red giant stars thanks to the CoRoT and Kepler space-crafts. In the same way as for main-sequence stars, mode driving is attributed to turbulent convection in the uppermost convective layers of those stars. Aims. The seismic data gathered by CoRoT on red giant stars allow us to test the mode driving theory in physical conditions different from main-sequence stars. Methods. Using a set of 3D hydrodynamical models representative of the upper layers of sub- and red giant stars, we computed the acoustic mode energy supply rate (Pmax). Assuming adiabatic pulsations and using global stellar models that assume that the surface stratification comes from the 3D hydrodynamical models, we computed the mode amplitude in terms of surface velocity. This was converted into intensity fluctuations using either a simplified adiabatic scaling relation or a non-adiabatic one. Results. From L and M (the luminosity and mass), the energy supply rate Pmax is found to scale as (L/M) 2.6 for both main-sequence and red giant stars, extending previous results. The theoretical amplitudes in velocity under-estimate the Doppler velocity measurements obtained so far from the ground for red giant stars by about 30%. In terms of intensity, the theoretical scaling law based on the adiabatic intensity-velocity scaling relation results in an under-estimation by a factor of about 2.5 with respect to the CoRoT seismic measurements. On the other hand, using the non-adiabatic intensity-velocity relation significantly reduces the discrepancy with the CoRoT data. The theoretical amplitudes remain 40% below, however, the CoRoT measurements. Conclusions. Our results show that scaling relations of mode amplitudes cannot be simply extended from main-sequence to red giant stars in terms of intensity on the basis of adiabatic relations because non-adiabatic effects for red giant stars are important and cannot be neglected. We discuss possible reasons for the remaining differences.
Causality Aspects of Modified Kerr-Newman spacetimes

In this paper, we address the problem of causality violation in the solutions of Einstein equations and seek possible causality restoration mechanisms in modifed theories of gravity. We choose for the above problem, the causality violation due to the existence of closed time-like curves in the context of Kerr-Newman black hole. We first revisit and quantify the details of the causality violation in the Kerr-Newman spacetime. We then show that the issue is also existent in two of the modified solutions to the Kerr Newman spacetime: The Non-Commutativity inspired solution and the f(R)-Gravity modifed solution. We explore the possibility of mechanisms present within the model that prevent causality violation. We show that, in both the models, the model parameters can be chosen such that the causality violating region is eliminated. We argue that in the context of non commutativity inspired solution, the non commutativity parameter can be chosen such that the causality violating region is eliminated and the inner horizon is no longer the Cauchy horizon. We then discuss the geodesic connectivity of the causality violating region in both the scenarios and quantify the geodesics that have points in the causality violating regions. We also discuss the causal aspects of Kerr Newman deSitter/antideSitter spacetimes.
Phytochemical Screening, Proximate and Mineral Composition of Sweet Potato Leaves Grown in Tepi Provision, South- west of Ethiopia

Leaves of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ) grown in Tepi area was studied for their class of phytochemicals, mineral and proximate composition using standard analytical methods. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoid, terpenoids, saponins, quinones, phenol, tannins, amino acid and proteins in the leaves. The proximate composition revealed the presence of ash (13.74±0.54 % dry weight, DW), crude lipid (3.8±0.52%, DW), crude fiber (12.62±0.39%, DW), crude protein (6.37± 0.13%, DW) and carbohydrate (69.62±0.69%). The minerals composition revealed potassium (3608.854mg/100g), sodium (32.079±0.12mg/100g), calcium (320.125±0.36 mg/100g), magnesium (118.75±0.02mg /100g), copper (1.828±0.11mg/100g), zinc (5.647±0.14mg/100g), iron (73.881±0.03mg/100g) and manganese (9.590±0.06mg/100g). These results revealed that the leaves of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ) contained essential nutrients which compare favorably well with those of wild edible leaves in literatures. Keywords : Mineral composition Proximate composition Phytochemicals Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas
Fractionation of Proteins in Surimi Waste Water Using Membrane Filtration

The study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using ultrafiltration and microfiltration for fractionation of proteins in surimi waste water. The results from this study showed that the molecular weight of the soluble proteins in surimi waste water was in the range of 10–120 kDa. Ultrafiltration surimi waste water with using membrane with MWCO 100 and 300 kDa could not fractionate these proteins since most of the proteins were retained in retentate. This result suggested that fouling formed during ultrafiltration played an important role in determination of the membrane selectivity. Improving the fouling problem may be the key factor enhancing membrane selectivity. Fractionation of proteins from this waste by using microfiltration with membranes pore size 0.22, 0.45, and 1 μm was also studied. Although some proteins could penetrate through the membrane, the results from SDS–PAGE showed that the protein profiles in the retentate and permeates did not differ, indicating that these membranes also could not be used for fractionation. This may be due to the large pore size of the membranes and the narrow range of the molecular weight of these proteins. Key words: Surimi waste water, protein recovery, fractionation, ultrafiltration, microfiltration
Intertemporal Asset Pricing Under Knightian Uncertainty

The R. E. Lucas (1978) general equilibrium model of asset prices is extended to admit beliefs that are represented by a (nonsingleton) set of probability measures. A primary motivation is evidence, such as the Ellsberg paradox, that people are averse to vague or imprecise probabilities. Intertemporal utility functions embodying such aversion are formulated and then, in the context of a Lucas-style economy, the existence and characterization of equilibria are addressed. A noteworthy feature is that (under specified conditions) equilibria are indeterminate. Therefore, 'animal spirits' may play a role and sizable price volatility may result. Copyright 1994 by The Econometric Society.
The Effects of Hydrogen On Device Reliability ...and Insights on Preventing These Effects

The potentially detrimental effects of outgassed hydrogen on device reliability have been substantiated in the trade press over the past several years. Non-specific to silicon or gallium arsenide technology, its negative impact is universal and can range from hydride formation with ensuing material deformation to oxide reduction followed by moisture-related failure mechanisms. In keeping with the microelectronics industry’s move toward “building-in reliability,” this article focuses on identifying one of the sources of outgassed hydrogen in hermetically sealed devices and offers some prospective alternatives to processing and assembly to aid in its prevention. Introduction As the microelectronic community has gained maturity in the last decade, it has also revealed unique materials and environmental stress failures that require a basic understanding of the chemistry and metallurgies before effective solutions can be implemented. Of particular interest in recent years has been the unique problems that occur when hydrogen evolution into the cavity of a microelectronic device takes place. Hydride formation, oxide reduction, excessive moisture levels and, ultimately, device failure are now being attributed to this residual processing gas. Several experiments employing residual gas analysis per the existing Method 1018 of Mil-Std-883 were designed to identify a primary source of this outgassed hydrogen and to provide some insights on controlling the effects of this gas. Through these experiments, the ferrous alloy packaging materials used for the body and/or the cover of the device were identified as a primary source of outgassed hydrogen during and after standard manufacturing processes. Predevice manufacturing processes utilize this gas and although its presence is in the parts per million range for the base metal, hydrogen is readily detected at exponentially higher levels within the finished device. Neither nickel flash nor gold platings can prevent this diffusion of hydrogen into the cavity, but they can contribute to the problem.
Communication of construction health and safety information in design

Occupational health and safety (H&S) is important to the design, construction, maintenance, refurbishment and demolition of buildings and facilities in all branches of industry, business and commerce. H&S issues have been a major consideration in construction. Far too many people get hurt, injured or die even though the situation has improved over recent years. Accident and fatality rates continue to be significantly higher than other industry sectors. Although all parties involved in the construction industry may address their respective responsibilities, the lack of integration between each organization often results in communication problems which jeopardize H&S. Of particular note is the communication during the design phase. All information pertaining to the project must be readily accessible for all parties, to ensure smooth and hitch-free project execution. This research reviews the challenges in the communication of health and safety information in the design phase of construction projects. It characterizes the various aspects of collaborative communications at this stage and highlights the problem area. The research was conducted in the UK based on a combination of qualitative research methods including literature review, interviews and analysis of focus group interviews data. Observations on documentation and interviews are used to investigate the current industry practice. The literature reviews revealed that communication industry is facing challenges with its communication system due to the nature of industry itself. The construction industry is a fragmented and complex industry with too many parties involved in a project. These parties come from various backgrounds and involved in the project in a temporary duration. The parties who become team members must be able to establish a relationship in such a short period of time and create a communication system that enables all of the parties to collaborate and interact with each other.
Anodic Fabrication of Ti-Nb-Zr-O Nanotube Arrays

Highly ordered Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanotube arrays were fabricated through pulse anodic oxidation of Ti-Nb-Zr alloy in 1 M NaH2PO4 containing 0.5 wt% HF electrolytes. The effect of anodization parameters and Zr content on the microstructure and composition of Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanotubes was investigated using a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. It was found that length of the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanotubes increased with increase of Zr contents. The diameter and the length of Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanotubes could be controlled by pulse voltage. XRD analysis of Ti-Nb-Zr-O samples annealed at 500°C in air indicated that the (101) diffraction peaks shifted from 25.78° to 25.05° for annealed Ti-Nb-Zr-O samples with different Zr contents because of larger lattice parameter of Ti-Nb-Zr-O compared to that of undoped TiO2.
A Steady‐State Model for the Relationship Between Humidity, Instability, and Precipitation in the Tropics

A simple steady‐state model for the thermodynamic structure of a convecting atmosphere under the influence of large‐scale dynamics is derived based on a bulk‐plume representation of convection. Given profiles of the large‐scale vertical velocity and convective mass flux, the model predicts the steady‐state temperature and environmental relative humidity profiles as a function of the convective entrainment rate and a parameter representing the importance of condensate reevaporation. The bulk‐plume model determines the environmental relative humidity through a balance between the moistening effect of convective detrainment and the drying effect of subsidence in the cloud environment. As the convective mass flux is increased, the importance of detrainment moistening increases, leading to a higher environmental relative humidity. Since the precipitation rate also increases with the convective mass flux, this leads to a steady state in which the precipitation is a strongly increasing function of environmental relative humidity. The bulk‐plume model also predicts that the atmospheric stability increases with large‐scale upward motion, with the tropospheric lapse rate being most unstable under large‐scale descent, when the environmental relative humidity is low. The above relationships are reproduced in a set of simulations with a cloud‐system resolving model (CRM) run to equilibrium with imposed large‐scale vertical velocity profiles. The results provide insight to the steady‐state limit of the well‐known problem of determining the relationships between large‐scale conditions and the convective state of the atmosphere.