Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of CD 44 + CD 24-cells on non-sentinel axillary lymph node metastases in sentinel node-positive breast cancer

Although complete axillary lymph node dissection (AlnD) is the standard for evaluating axillary status after the identification of a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer; approximately 40-60% of sln-positive patients have negative non-SLN. In this study, to explore putative breast cancer stem cells with cD44+cD24in the sln, we retrospectively analyzed the expression of cD44+cD24on metastatic tumor cells within slns as a predictive factor for positive nonslns (nslns). We tested 271 patients for slns using serial sectioning with cytokeratin immunohistochemistry (IHc) and hematoxylin-eosin staining and identified 67 patients who had a positive SLN biopsy and complete ALND. CD44 and CD24 expression was detected using double-staining IHC. Twentyeight (41.8%) out of 67 patients had positive nsln metastases. Seven positive SLNs with micrometastases were not available for the evaluation of cD24 and cD44 expression. out of the remaining 60 patients, 19 (31.7%), 44 (73.83%) and 37 (61.7%) patients had cD24+, cD44+ and cD44+cD24metastatic tumor cells in slns, respectively. positive nsln metastasis was significantly associated with the primary tumor size (p=0.004), cD24expression (p=0.04), cD44+ expression (p=0.01) and cD44+cD24expression (p=0.02). this report provides the first evidence of the existence of a putative stem-like phenotype within the SLN, which is significantly associated with positive NSLN in early breast cancer patients.
Mxi1, a Myc antagonist, suppresses proliferation of DU145 human prostate cells

Mxi1, an antagonist of c‐Myc, maps to human chromosome 10q24‐q25, a region altered in a substantial fraction of prostate tumors. Mice deficient for Mxi1 exhibit significant prostate hyperplasia. We studied the ability of Mxi1 to act as a growth suppressor in prostate tumor cells.
Antioxidant Enzyme and Malondialdehyde Levels in Patients with Panic Disorder

There is evidence of an etiopathogenetic role of free radicals (FRs) in some neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the activity levels of some antioxidant enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] and malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, were associated with panic disorder (PD). Twenty patients diagnosed with PD and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. A clinical evaluation and measurements of GSH-Px SOD, CAT and MDA were performed. Additionally, all patients were assessed by the Panic Agoraphobia Scale (PAS). The mean GSH-Px, SOD and MDA levels of the patient group were significantly higher than those of the controls. There was a significant positive correlation between PAS scores and GSH-Px, SOD and MDA levels and between the duration of illness and SOD, CAT and MDA levels in the patient group. In conclusion, our results suggest that FRs may be involved in PD.
CD30+ Cutaneous Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma of the Upper Eyelid: A Case Report

CD30+ cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is part of the CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. This type of lymphoma is in most cases indolent, with a high survival rate. We report the case of a 59-year-old patient with a 1-month lasting crusty lesion of the upper eyelid. Eyelid involvement is very uncommon, as the most frequent locations are the trunk and the limbs.
Additional left atrial septal line does not improve outcome of patients undergoing ablation for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation

Objective — Additional septal linear ablation in patients undergoing ablation of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) could be beneficial due to additional extensive atrial tissue ablation and incidental ablation of sites with complex fractionated electrograms. We assessed the long-term outcome of patients after ablation of long-standing persistent AF with an additional left atrial (LA) septal line. Methods — Thirty-four patients were included. The patients were randomized into two groups and underwent pulmonary vein (PV) isolation with roof line, mitral isthmus line and coronary sinus ablation. In group 1 an additional LA septal line was created. Results — AF converted into atrial tachycardia in 2 patients during septal ablation in group 1. In group 2 AF terminated via atrial tachycardia in 3 patients (P = ns). During a mean follow-up of 620 ± 119 days, 7 (41%) and 8 (47%) patients from group 1 and group 2 were free from recurrences (P = ns). Redo procedures were performed in 5 patients of group 1 and in 5 patients of group 2. For a follow-up of 349 ± 273 days after the last ablation, Cox’s F-test showed a trend of more recurrences in group 1 (P = 0.07). Conclusions — In patients with long-standing AF, an additional LA septal linear ablation is not associated with a significantly higher AF termination rate. A septal linear lesion might increase the risk of septal reentrant tachycardias, and is associated with a trend towards a worse outcome.
The Hepatitis C Virus-induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activates the Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein (SREBP) and Regulates Lipid Metabolism*

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) relies on host lipids and lipid droplets for replication and morphogenesis. The accumulation of lipid droplets in infected hepatocytes manifests as hepatosteatosis, a common pathology observed in chronic hepatitis C patients. One way by which HCV promotes the accumulation of intracellular lipids is through enhancing de novo lipogenesis by activating the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). In general, activation of SREBPs occurs during cholesterol depletion. Interestingly, during HCV infection, the activation of SREBPs occurs under normal cholesterol levels, but the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Our previous study has demonstrated the activation of the inflammasome complex in HCV-infected human hepatoma cells. In this study, we elucidate the potential link between chronic hepatitis C-associated inflammation and alteration of lipid homeostasis in infected cells. Our results reveal that the HCV-activated NLRP3 inflammasome is required for the up-regulation of lipogenic genes such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Using pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA against the inflammasome components (NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, and caspase-1), we further show that the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in lipid droplet formation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HCV-infected cells enables caspase-1-mediated degradation of insulin-induced gene proteins. This subsequently leads to the transport of the SREBP cleavage-activating protein·SREBP complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, followed by proteolytic activation of SREBPs by S1P and S2P in the Golgi. Typically, inflammasome activation leads to viral clearance. Paradoxically, here we demonstrate how HCV exploits the NLRP3 inflammasome to activate SREBPs and host lipid metabolism, leading to liver disease pathogenesis associated with chronic HCV.
Cutting down trees: gender, nutrition, and agricultural change in the Northern Province of Zambia, 1890-1990.

Introduction: In & Out of Context: The Problems of a R e-Study - The Colonial Construction of Knowledge: History & Anthropology - The Colonial Construction of Knowledg e: Ecology & Agriculture - Relishing Porridge: The Gen der Politics of Food - Cultivators & Colonial Officers : Food Supply and the Politics of Marketing - Developing M en: The Creation of the Progressive Farmer - Migration &am p Marriage - Working for Salt: Nutrition in the 1980s - F rom Millet to Maize: Gender and Household Labor in the 198 0s - Conclusion
Further consideration of the clonal nature of Salmonella typhi: evaluation of molecular and clinical characteristics of strains from Indonesia and Peru

We examined envelope protein profiles, chromosomal restriction endonuclease digest patterns, and immune responses to envelope proteins for collections of Salmonella typhi strains isolated in Peru and Indonesia. Only minor differences in envelope protein patterns were apparent among strains. Strains from 7 of 20 Indonesian patients had a distinct chromosomal digest pattern compared with patterns of Peruvian and other Indonesian strains. Strains with this pattern carried the gene for the j flagellar antigen (H1-j); differences in response to envelope proteins of j and d strains were noted on immunoblot analysis. Our data suggest that there are genotypic and phenotypic differences among S. typhi strains. The clinical importance of these differences remains to be fully evaluated; however, in this study it was not possible to show a clear correlation between strain characteristics and disease severity.
Disruption of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor-Homodimeric Interaction Triggers Lipid Microdomain- and Dynamin-dependent Endocytosis and Lysosomal Targeting*

Background: The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) acts as a docking factor during infection. Results: Adenovirus fiber knob induces CAR internalization via a pathway involving lipid microdomain integrity, actin dynamics, and dynamin. Conclusion: In neurons, CAR is linked to endocytic pathways that could modulate its function or regulate viral infection. Significance: Learning how viruses use receptors to enter and spread in the nervous system. The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) serves as a docking factor for some adenovirus (AdV) types and group B coxsackieviruses. Its role in AdV internalization is unclear as studies suggest that its intracellular domain is dispensable for some AdV infection. We previously showed that in motor neurons, AdV induced CAR internalization and co-transport in axons, suggesting that CAR was linked to endocytic and long-range transport machineries. Here, we characterized the mechanisms of CAR endocytosis in neurons and neuronal cells. We found that CAR internalization was lipid microdomain-, actin-, and dynamin-dependent, and subsequently followed by CAR degradation in lysosomes. Moreover, ligands that disrupted the homodimeric CAR interactions in its D1 domains triggered an internalization cascade involving sequences in its intracellular tail.
Hypothalamo-pituitary and immune-dependent adrenal regulation during systemic inflammation

Significance In several critically ill patients the homeostatic regulation of adrenocortical hormone secretion is impaired. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a substantial role in HPA axis activation in the course of systemic inflammation. Here, using mice with conditional deletion of a crucial TLR adapter protein, MyD88, we investigated the role of systemic and local adrenal TLR signaling in the activation of adrenal glucocorticoid responses to stress and regulation of immune-adrenal crosstalk during systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Our results suggest that immune cells, rather than adrenal cells, are major regulators of the systemic and intra-adrenal inflammatory response to LPS. However, the full HPA axis activation in SIRS is not entirely dependent on systemic TLR signaling. Inflammation-related dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is central to the course of systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not well understood. Initial activation of adrenocortical hormone production during early sepsis depends on the stimulation of hypothalamus and pituitary mediated by cytokines; in late sepsis, there is a shift from neuroendocrine to local immune–adrenal regulation of glucocorticoid production. Therefore, the modulation of the local immune–adrenal cross talk, and not of the neuroendocrine circuits involved in adrenocorticotropic hormone production, may be more promising in the prevention of the adrenal insufficiency associated with prolonged sepsis. In the present work, we investigated the function of the crucial Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in systemic and local activation of adrenal gland inflammation and glucocorticoid production mediated by lipopolysachharides (LPSs). To this end, we used mice with a conditional MyD88 allele. These mice either were interbred with Mx1 Cre mice, resulting in systemic MyD88 deletion, predominantly in the liver and hematopoietic system, or were crossed with Akr1b7 Cre transgenic mice, resulting thereby in deletion of MyD88, which was adrenocortical-specific. Although reduced adrenal inflammation and HPA-axis activation mediated by LPS were found in Mx1Cre+-MyD88fl/fl mice, adrenocortical-specific MyD88 deletion did not alter the adrenal inflammation or HPA-axis activity under systemic inflammatory response syndrome conditions. Thus, our data suggest an important role of immune cell rather than adrenocortical MyD88 for adrenal inflammation and HPA-axis activation mediated by LPS.
Potential for Respiratory Epithelium Regeneration from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Objectives: In cases of laryngeal inflammatory lesions and tracheal invasion of a malignant tumor, autologous tissue implantation techniques using skin or cartilage are often applied. However, these techniques are both invasive and unstable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in the regeneration of respiratory epithelium. Methods: We seeded iPS cells on low-attachment plates in serum-free media to generate embryoid bodies (EBs). After a 3-day culture, the EBs were transferred to a gelatin-coated dish supplemented with activin A alone or with basic fibroblast growth factor (induction groups). As a control, EBs were cultured without these growth factors (control group). Cultured tissues from all groups were histologically examined for 2 weeks. Results: In the induction groups, the presence of respiratory epithelium-like tissue was observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining after 14 days of culture. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the potential use of iPS cells in regeneration of the respiratory epithelium.
Human leucocyte antigens B*08, DRB1*03 and DRB1*13 are significantly associated with autoimmune liver and biliary diseases in Finnish children

The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) allele and haplotype frequencies of the Finnish population are unique because of the restricted and homogenous gene population. There are no published data on HLA genotype associations in paediatric autoimmune liver diseases in Scandinavia. This study characterised the HLA genotypes of children with autoimmune liver or biliary disease in Finland.
Virtual Adversarial Training and Data Augmentation for Acoustic Event Detection with Gated Recurrent Neural Networks

In this paper, we use gated recurrent neural networks (GRNNs) for efficiently detecting environmental events of the IEEE Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events challenge (DCASE2016). For this acoustic event detection task data is limited. Therefore, we propose data augmentation such as on-the-fly shuffling and virtual adversarial training for regularization of the GRNNs. Both improve the performance using GRNNs. We obtain a segment-based error rate of 0.59 and an F-score of 58.6%.
Genotypic Characterisation of Indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Field Population in Croatia

Summary Genetic diversity of thirteen Rhizobium legumnosarum bv. viciae strains isolated from diff erent fi eld sites in continental part of Croatia was investigated. All rhizobial isolates were obtained either from plants grown in pots containing soil samples or from fi eld grown plants. Th e strains were analyzed for DNA polymorphism using two DNA fi ngerprinting methods - randomly amplifi ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) and repetitive extragenomic palindromicPCR (rep-PCR). Both methods resulted in very similar grouping of strains. Cluster analysis of rep- and RAPD-PCR profi les showed signifi cant diff erences among Rh. leguminosarum bv. viciae isolates. Th e highest diff erences were detected among reference strains and all fi eld isolates revealing considerable genetic diversity of rhizobial fi eld populations. Th ese results suggest the presence of adapted indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains, probably with higher competitive ability, whose symbiotic properties have to be evaluated in further investigations.
Pharmacokinetics of cefonicid in patients with skin and skin structure infections

The disposition of cefonicid (2 g intravenously every 24 h) was assessed in 15 patients with skin and skin structure infections. Trough and peak concentrations in serum were measured on two successive days to verify the attainment of steady state; and 1 trough and 12 postdose values of the concentration in serum were collected on the following day. Cefonicid concentrations in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The cefonicid serum concentration versus time profile after intravenous infusion was clearly biexponential in all patients. The terminal elimination half-life determined by nonlinear regression analysis was 4.63 +/- 1.49 h (mean +/- standard deviation). The steady-state volume of distribution and total body clearance were 0.12 +/- 0.04 liter/kg and 0.369 +/- 0.110 ml/min per kg, respectively. These results are comparable to parameters derived from previous studies in noninfected normal volunteers. Thus, the disposition of cefonicid is not altered in patients with severe skin and skin structure infections.
Low-cost dimension scaling and tuning of microwave filters using response features

In this paper, a low-cost procedure for dimension scaling and tuning of microwave filters is proposed. Our approach relies on an inverse model that outputs the filter dimensions for the required center frequency and bandwidth. The model is constructed using several reference designs obtained using surrogate-assisted optimization exploiting a response feature methodology. The initial approximation of the scaled filter design is subsequently corrected using a fast feature-based tuning procedure. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a fifth-order Chebyshev bandpass filter for the tuning range of 10 GHz to 12 GHz (center frequency) and 6 % to 12 % (relative bandwidth).
The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, c. 1400-c. 1580.

This prize-winning account of the pre-Reformation church recreates lay people's experience of religion in fifteenth-century England. Eamon Duffy shows that late medieval Catholicism was neither decadent nor decayed, but was a strong and vigorous tradition, and that the Reformation represented a violent rupture from a popular and theologically respectable religious system. For this edition, Duffy has written a new Preface reflecting on recent developments in our understanding of the period. From reviews of the first edition: "A magnificent scholarly achievement [and] a compelling read. "--Patricia Morrison, Financial Times "Deeply imaginative, movingly written, and splendidly illustrated.Duffy's analysis . carries conviction. "--Maurice Keen, New York Review of Books "This book will afford enjoyment and enlightenment to layman and specialist alike. "--Peter Heath, Times Literary Supplement "[An] astonishing and magnificent piece of work. "--Edward T. Oakes, Commonweal
Community and society (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft)

This extraordinary prescient work by Ferdinand Toennies was written in 1887 for a small coterie of scholars, and over the next fifty years continued to grow in importance and adherents. Its translator into English, Charles P. Loomis, well described it as a volume which pointed back into the Middle Ages and ahead into the future in its attempt to answer the questions: "What are we? Where are we? Whence did we come? Where are we going? " If the questions seem portentous in the extreme, the answers Toennies provides are modest and compelling. Every major field from sociology, to psychology, to anthropology, has found this to be a praiseworthy book. The admirable translation by Professor Loomis did much to transfer praise for the Toennies text from the German to the English-speaking world. Now, outfitted with a brilliant new opening essay by John Samples, the author of a recent full-scale biographical work on Toennies, Community and Society is back in print; a welcome reminder of the glorious past of German social science.
The Influence of Tonal Awareness and Musical Experience on Tone Word Learning

Phonological awareness has been shown to play a significant role in language learning. The present study examined the effect of improving pitch identification ability and tonal awareness on Cantonese tone word learning. A group of native English listeners received three days of Cantonese tone training to first improve their tone perception. They then learned the meanings of 15 vocabulary items distinguished by Cantonese tones (i.e., word identification training), along with groups of native English non-musicians and musicians who did not receive tone training. Both the tone-trainees and the musicians obtained similar word identification proficiency levels by the end of word training and were both significantly better than the non-tone trained non-musicians. These results lend support for phonetic-phonological-lexical continuity, as enhancing listeners’ tonal awareness and identification ability of tonal cues significantly contributed to success in tone word learning.
Developmental Expression of the Neuron-specific N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase Vb (GnT-Vb/IX) and Identification of Its in Vivo Glycan Products in Comparison with Those of Its Paralog, GnT-V*

Background: GnT-Vb(IX) branches the α-mannose to the O-Manβ(1,2)-GlcNac in brain. Results: GnT-Vb does not synthesize N-linked structures in vivo. GnT-V, however, can compensate for GnT-Vb activity in vivo. Conclusion: GnT-Vb is predominantly involved in synthesizing branched O-mannosyl glycans in mouse brain. Significance: It is shown for the first time in vivo that GnT-Vb and -V have different activity in the synthesis of N- and O-linked glycans. The severe phenotypic effects of altered glycosylation in the congenital muscular dystrophies, including Walker-Warburg syndrome, muscle-eye-brain disease, Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, and congenital muscular dystrophy 1D, are caused by mutations resulting in altered glycans linked to proteins through O-linked mannose. A glycosyltransferase that branches O-Man, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Vb (GnT-Vb), is highly expressed in neural tissues. To understand the expression and function of GnT-Vb, we studied its expression during neuromorphogenesis and generated GnT-Vb null mice. A paralog of GnT-Vb, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-V), is expressed in many tissues and brain, synthesizing N-linked, β1,6-branched glycans, but its ability to synthesize O-mannosyl-branched glycans is unknown; conversely, although GnT-Vb can synthesize N-linked glycans in vitro, its contribution to their synthesis in vivo is unknown. Our results showed that deleting both GnT-V and GnT-Vb results in the total loss of both N-linked and O-Man-linked β1,6-branched glycans. GnT-V null brains lacked N-linked, β1,6-glycans but had normal levels of O-Man β1,6-branched structures, showing that GnT-Vb could not compensate for the loss of GnT-V. By contrast, GnT-Vb null brains contained normal levels of N-linked β1,6-glycans but low levels of some O-Man β1,6-branched glycans. Therefore, GnT-V could partially compensate for GnT-Vb activity in vivo. We found no apparent change in α-dystroglycan binding of glycan-specific antibody IIH6C4 or binding to laminin in GnT-Vb null mice. These results demonstrate that GnT-V is involved in synthesizing branched O-mannosyl glycans in brain, but the function of these branched O-mannosyl structures is unresolved using mice that lack these glycosyltransferases.