Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Least Squares Path Modeling Analysis Linking Socioeconomic Status to Social Cognitive Career Theory Factors : A Partial

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of socioeconomic status (SES) in predicting social cognitive career theory (SCCT) factors. Data were collected from 738 college students in Taiwan. The results of the partial least squares (PLS) analyses indicated that SES significantly predicted career decision self-efficacy (CDSE); however, the relationship between SES and career decision-making outcome expectations (CDMOE) was not significant. In addition, the findings revealed that CDSE had a direct effect as well as an indirect effect, via CDMOE, on career exploratory intentions. Implications for counseling and future research are discussed.
MARKET REACTIONS TO SHARE REPURCHASE ANNOUNCEMENTS IN MALAYSIA

This paper examines share price behaviour surrounding share repurchase announcements in the context of information asymmetry and signalling hypothesis. We use event-type analysis to examine abnormal returns around three related repurchase announcements: announcement of the boardâ€™s decision, announcement of shareholder approval and announcement of actual share purchase. The results show that stock prices increase significantly in response to each of the three repurchase announcements, but there is no significant difference in the market reaction to firms that eventually make a repurchase versus firms that do not. We conclude that our results are consistent with the underpricing signalling hypothesis. Our results also show that small firms earn greater abnormal returns than large firms during each of the announcements, lending support to the information asymmetry hypothesis. Our multivariate regressions indicate that firm characteristics such as firm size, return on assets and the market-to-book ratio are found to be significantly related to the announcement-related abnormal returns. Finally, logit and probit results indicate that firmsâ€™ repurchase decision depends on firm size, profitability and price changes during announcements.
Boundary crossing: networked policing and emergent ‘communities of practice’ in safeguarding children

ABSTRACT Child safeguarding has come to the forefront of public debate in the UK in the aftermath of a series of highly publicised incidents of child sexual exploitation and abuse. These have exposed the inadequacies and failings of inter-organisational relations between police and key partners. While the discourse of policing partnerships is now accepted wisdom, progress has been distinctly hesitant. This paper contributes to understanding both the challenges and opportunities presented through working across organisational boundaries in the context of safeguarding children. It draws on a study of relations within one of the largest Safeguarding Children partnerships in England, developing insights from Etienne Wenger regarding the potential of ‘communities of practice’ that innovate on the basis of everyday learning through ‘boundary work’. We demonstrate how such networked approaches expose the differential power relations and sites of conflict between organisations but also provide possibilities to challenge introspective cultures and foster organisational learning. We argue that crucial in cultivating effective ‘communities of practice’ are: shared commitment and purpose; relations of trust; balanced exchange of information and resources; mutual respect for difference; and an open and mature dialogue over possible conflicts. Boundary crossing can open opportunities to foster increased reflexivity among policing professionals, prompting critical self-reflection on values, ongoing reassessment of assumptions and questioning of terminology. Yet, there is an inherent tension in that the learning and innovative potential afforded by emergent ‘communities of practice’ derives from the coexistence and interplay between both the depth of knowledge within practices and active boundaries across practices.
A 1-D examination of decadal air–sea re-equilibration induced ocean surface anthropogenic CO 2 accumulation: present status, changes from 1960s to 2000s, and future scenarios

Abstract. Based upon the well-understood carbonate system chemistry over global ocean surface (above the wintertime thermocline and shallower than upper 100 m), we investigated potentials of wintertime ocean surface DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) to rise in response to the decadal air–sea re-equilibration, and the corresponding anthropogenic CO2 accumulation rates. For a reference year 2000, the potentials of wintertime DIC to rise in response to the rising atmospheric CO2 mole fraction ranged from 0.28 to 0.70 μmol kg−1 ppm−1 (ppm = parts of CO2 per million dry air) over the global open ocean surface, while the global mean wintertime surface DIC increase rate was close to 1.0 μmol kg−1 yr−1. The decadal anthropogenic CO2 accumulation rate within the surface ocean was estimated at 0.31 × 1015 g C yr−1 around the reference year 2000, accounting for a non-negligible component (likely 12 to 14%) of the recent oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. From 1960s to 2000s, this rate likely increased by 47% due to the accelerated atmospheric CO2 rise. However, the ocean surface anthropogenic CO2 accumulation potential under a unit atmospheric CO2 rise may have declined by 16% during the same period.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC ACIDS SUPPLEMENTATION ON NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY, GUT MICROBIOTA AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS

This study aimed to investigate the effect of citric (CA) and fumaric (FA) acids (0, 15 and 30 g/kg diet for each) on nutrients digestibility, the population of bacteria inhabiting the gut, histopathological changes in the intestine and lymphoid organs and meat physical characteristics of broilers. One–hundred twenty-one-day old unsexed "Cobb" chicks were randomly distributed into five treatments of three replicates eight chicks each. Control (no additives), 15 g CA, 30 g CA, 15 g FA and 30 g FA were evaluated from 0 to 6 weeks of age. Dry matter, crude protein (CP), ash, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) apparent digestibility were significantly improved by 30 g FA/kg diet compared to the control. Fumaric acid at 30 g/kg diet showed higher ether extract, and nitrogen free extract apparent digestibility compared to the control. A significant increment in P and a non-significant higher CP, ash, and Ca apparent digestibility were noticed in 30 g CA/kg diet compared to the control. A significant reduction in total bacterial and total Enterobacteriaceae counts in all acid treatments compared to the control, with the least count in 30 g FA/kg diet group. The ileum of organic acids treated birds expressed a healthy intestinal structure with an abundance of goblet cell proliferation. Lymphoid organs showed mild to moderate hyperplasia of their lymphoid follicles indicating immune response improvements. It could be concluded that acids supplementation improved gut microbiota, immune response and apparent nutrients digestibility.
Lateglacial and early-Holocene palaeoclimatic implications based on reconstructed glacier fluctuations and equilibrium-line altitudes at northern Folgefonna , Hardanger , western Norway

Northern Folgefonna (c. 23 km2), is a nearly circular maritime ice cap located on the Folgefonna Peninsula in Hardanger, western Norway. By combining marginal moraines and AMS radiocarbon dated glacier-meltwater induced sediments in proglacial lakes draining northern Folgefonna, a continuous highresolution record of variations in glacier size and equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) during the Lateglacial and early-Holocene has been obtained. After the termination of the Younger Dryas (c. 11,500 cal. BP), a short-lived (150-200 years) climatically induced glacier readvance termed ‘Jondal Event 1’ occurred within the ‘Preboreal Oscillation’ (PBO) c. 11,200 cal. BP. Bracketed to 10,550-10,350 cal. BP, a second glacier readvance is named the ‘Jondal Event 2’. A third readvance occurred about 10,000 cal. BP and corresponds to the ‘Erdalen Event 1’ recorded at Jostedalsbreen. An exponential relationship between mean solid winter precipitation and ablation-season temperature at the ELA of Norwegian glaciers makes it possible to reconstruct former variations in winter precipitation if the corresponding ELA is known and combined with an independent proxy for summer temperature. Compared to at present, the Younger Dryas was much colder and drier, the ‘Jondal Event 1’/PBO was colder and somewhat drier, the ‘Jondal Event 2’ was much wetter, whereas the ‘Erdalen Event 1’ started as rather dry and terminated as somewhat wetter. Variations in glacier magnitude/ELAs and corresponding palaeoclimatic reconstructions at northern Folgefonna suggest that low-altitude cirque glaciers (lowest altitude of marginal moraines 290 m asl.) in the area existed for the last time during the Younger Dryas. These low-altitude cirque glaciers of suggested Younger Dryas age do not fit into the previous reconstructions of the Younger Dryas ice sheet in Hordaland.
A Froude‐scaled model of a bedrock‐alluvial channel reach: 1. Hydraulics

The controls on hydraulics in bedrock‐alluvial rivers are relatively poorly understood, despite the importance of the flow in determining rates and patterns of sediment transport and consequent erosion. To measure hydraulics within a bedrock‐alluvial channel, we developed a 1:10 Froude‐scaled laboratory model of an 18 × 9 m bedrock‐alluvial river reach using terrestrial laser scanning and 3‐D printing. In the reported experiments, water depth and velocity were recorded at 18 locations within the channel at each of five different discharges. Additional data from runs with sediment cover in the flume were used to evaluate the hydraulic impact of sediment cover; the deposition and erosion of sediment patches in these runs are analyzed in the companion paper. In our data (1) spatial variation in both flow velocity and Froude number increases with discharge; (2) bulk flow resistance and Froude number become independent of discharge at higher discharges; (3) local flow velocity and Reynolds stress are correlated to the range of local bed topography at some, but not most, discharges; (4) at lower discharges, local topography induces vertical flow structures and slower velocities, but these effects decrease at higher discharges; and (5) there is a relationship between the linear combination of bed and sediment roughness and local flow velocity. These results demonstrate the control that bedrock topography exerts over both local and reach‐scale flow conditions, but spatially distributed hydraulic data from bedrock‐alluvial channels with different topographies are needed to generalize these findings.
Nutritional, physical and sensory properties of extruded products from high-amylose corn grits

To investigate the applicability of high-amylose corn grits (HACG) to the process for extruded products, a single screw extruder was used to produce extrudates under feed rate of 220 g/min, barrel temperature of 120°C, and screw rotational speed of 150 rpm. The nutritional, physical and sensory properties were investigated in the HACG extrudate and normal corn grits (NCG) extrudate acting as control. The results indicated that the HACG extrudate had higher (P≤ 0.05) protein (7.07%), fiber (5.41%), lipid (1.48%), ash (0.76%), resistant starch (2.89%), zein (4.65%), calcium (22.34 mg/kg), magnesium (718.63 mg/kg), iron (19.47 mg/kg), zinc (22.73 mg/kg) contents and 16 of 17 types of amino acids compared to the NCG extrudate. In regards to physical properties, the bulk density (BD), radial expansion index (REI) and water solubility index (WSI) values of the HACG extrudate, which were 57.94 mg/ml, 45.47 and 43.25, respectively, were significantly lower (P≤ 0.05) than those of the NCG extrudate. However, the HACG extrudate had a higher special length (SL), indicating a higher axial expansion, water absorption index (WAI), frangibility and cohesiveness (7.34 cm/g, 3.69, 68.79 and 0.32, respectively), and a more sponge-like structure. A sensory analysis indicated that the HACG extrudate had higher values for frangibility, cohesiveness, chewiness and overall taste with a lower coarseness and adhesiveness (to teeth).
Quarter-wise prevalence of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows

The present study was designed to determine the quarter-wise and animal-wise prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis in crossbred Karan Fries (Holstein x Tharparker) lactating cows. For this purpose, the udders of 73 cows were screened by modified California Mastitis Test (mCMT) and EC measurements. The efficiency of detection of mastitis and non-mastitis by EC measurements was 86% and 93% respectively. Animal-wise prevalence was found 41%, while quarter-wise prevalence was 31.16%. Among mastitic quarters, prevalence of single quarter infection, two quarter infection, three quarter infection and all four quarter infection per animal, was 0.00, 26.66, 43.33 and 30.00%, respectively. Out of all quarters, maximum prevalence was found in right hind quarters (29.67%) followed by left hind (26.37%), left fore (23.07%) and right fore (20.87%). The same pattern was observed during EC measurements. Though EC showed similarity with CMT in the detection of subclinical mastitis, the research needs to be carried out on more number of animals.
Ventilatory responses to skin extract in catfish

The ventilation rate (VR) of an ostariophysan fish, the speckled catfish Pseudoplaty - stoma coruscans, exposed to a chemical alarm cue was measured in the present study in multiple contexts. The influence of the extraction techniques, skin donor food intake and quantity of the alarm cue (skin extract) on this autonomic response was considered. Overall, the catfish VR decreased significantly when exposed to the skin extract (chemical alarm cue) compared with exposure to distilled water (control). No effect of the extraction technique was found. Increasing doses of the skin extract induced a VR reduction of similar magnitude. However, extract obtained from daily-fed fish induced a significant decrease in the VR, whereas extract obtained from food- restricted fish did not induce any change in the VR. Thus, food intake was associated with the pro- duction of a more easily recognizable alarm cue in the speckled catfish. Interestingly, this effect was not related to differences in the number of club cells in the donor catfish epidermis. Dashing, or rapid swimming, a normal component of the alarm response in fish, including this catfish spe- cies, was not observed here, and hypoventilation was always associated with no swimming reac- tion. Together, these results suggest that hypoventilation is a reaction to a chemical alarm cue, likely resulting in improved crypsis, causing the fish to become less easily perceived by a potential predator that usually strikes prey in response to movement.
Antibacterial properties of some metals and alloys in combating coliforms in contaminated water

An investigation into the antibacterial properties of silver, copper, aluminium, zinc, brass, bronze, tin and silicon, in combating coliform bacteria in contaminated water has been carried out. The metals, in the form of thin plates, were immersed in water samples at various time intervals at room temperature (~20°C). Total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) enumeration was done on the samples, before and after immersion, using 3 M Petri films. The results show that copper, silver and zinc in group I and II of the periodic table of elements have the highest rate of destroying the bacteria, followed by aluminium in group III, and the least reaction was in tin and silicon, both in group IV. These results indicate that the antibacterial activity of materials depend on the group they belong to in the periodic table; the higher the group the lower their efficacy. No direct relationship has been found between the metal activity and ionisation energy. An interesting observation was that zinc was as effective as copper in destroying the bacteria. It was also found that the more the surface area of the metals, the faster they destroyed the coliforms. Practical applications of the results are outlined. Key words: Metals, alloys, coliforms, Escherichia coli.
Experimental investigation into temperature effect on hydro-mechanical behaviours of bentonite

The bentonite barrier of underground repositories for high-level radioactive waste will be hydrated by the groundwater while it is subjected to high temperatures due to the radioactive decay of the wastes. These changes of temperature affect the hydraulic and mechanical responses of bentonite, which has important effects on design and performance of repositories. The temperature influence on the hydro-mechanical behaviour of bentonite was studied in this paper by experiments, which were carried out with the Spanish FEBEX bentonite compacted at dry densities expected in the repository (from 1.5 to 1.8 Mg/m3). The dependence of the swelling strains of bentonite on the temperature has been measured from 30 °C to 90 °C. At high temperatures the swelling capacity of clay slightly decreases. Also, a clear decrease of swelling pressure as a function of temperature was observed for the same dry densities. Nevertheless, the deformation of bentonite is more dependent on the stress than the temperature. An increase in the permeability of water saturated bentonite with temperature has also been detected. The water retention curves of bentonite compacted at different dry densities were determined under isochoric conditions and in the range of temperatures from 20 °C to 120 °C. For a given density and water content, the suction decreases as the temperature increases at a rate, which is larger than the one predicted on the basis of water surface tension changing with temperature. Mechanisms related to the physico-chemical interactions that take place at microscopic level, in particular the transfer of interlayer water to the macropores triggered by temperature, seem to explain qualitatively the experimental observations.
New and little known species of Bryozoa from Iberian Atlantic waters

ABSTRACT A new species of Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, collected in the Strait of Gibraltar area (Gulf of Cádiz) and previously cited as Hincksina sceletos (Busk, 1858), is described. Hincksina calpensis n. sp. is characterized by presenting a shield of 15–18 spines covering the frontal surface, the small, flattened oral spines in ovicellate zooids, and the short, oval vicarious avicularia transversally directed. Material collected in the Gulf of Cádiz is here reported as Setosella sp. , characterized by presenting oval autozooids proximally truncate asymmetrically, arranged in spiral series; D-shaped opesia slightly wider than long, with a distinct distal lunula, and a pair of long, asymmetric opesiules with denticulate inner edges; the ancestrula presents a trifoliated opesia. This material seems to differ from Setosella vulnerata (Busk, 1860), a presumed widely distributed species that however presents some variability not correctly studied yet. The genus Clavodesia Harmelin & d'Hondt, 1992 is re-described, and its type species, C. biradiculata Harmelin & d'Hondt, 1992 is considered as a junior synonym of Nellia clavula Hayward, 1978, a species originally described from the NW Bay of Biscay. Finally, a colony collected in the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula is considered closely similar to Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977, a species previously known only from Mediterranean caves.
Upscaling methane fluxes from closed chambers to eddy covariance based on a permafrost biogeochemistry integrated model

Northern peatlands are a major natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. Permafrost conditions and spatial heterogeneity are two of the major challenges for estimating CH4 fluxes from the northern high latitudes. This study reports the development of a new model to upscale CH4 fluxes from plant communities to ecosystem scale in permafrost peatlands by integrating an existing biogeochemical model DeNitrification‐DeComposition (DNDC) with a permafrost model Northern Ecosystem Soil Temperature (NEST). A new ebullition module was developed to track the changes of bubble volumes in the soil profile based on the ideal gas law and Henry's law. The integrated model was tested against observations of CH4 fluxes measured by closed chambers and eddy covariance (EC) method in a polygonal permafrost area in the Lena River Delta, Russia. Results from the tests showed that the simulated soil temperature, summer thaw depths and CH4 fluxes were in agreement with the measurements at the five chamber observation sites; and the modeled area‐weighted average CH4 fluxes were similar to the EC observations in seasonal patterns and annual totals although discrepancy existed in shorter time scales. This study indicates that the integrated model, NEST–DNDC, is capable of upscaling CH4 fluxes from plant communities to larger spatial scales.
Ethnic Diversity and Social Trust

We argue that residential exposure to ethnic diversity reduces social trust. Previous within-country analyses of the relationship between contextual ethnic diversity and trust have been conducted at higher levels of aggregation, thus ignoring substantial variation in actual exposure to ethnic diversity. In contrast, we analyze how ethnic diversity of the immediate micro-context—where interethnic exposure is inevitable—affects trust. We do this using Danish survey data linked with register-based data, which enables us to obtain precise measures of the ethnic diversity of each individual’s residential surroundings. We focus on contextual diversity within a radius of 80 meters of a given individual, but we also compare the effect in the micro-context to the impact of diversity in more aggregate contexts. Our results show that ethnic diversity in the micro-context affects trust negatively, whereas the effect vanishes in larger contextual units. This supports the conjecture that interethnic exposure underlies .
Impact of Bug-in-Ear Professional Development on Early Childhood Co-Teachers’ Use of Communication Strategies

The goal of this study was to build the capacity of early childhood teachers to implement evidence-based strategies. We investigated the efficacy of professional development with bug-in-ear peer coaching in improving teachers’ use of communication strategies, the teachers’ maintenance of strategies post intervention, and the social validity of the intervention. Four early childhood co-teacher dyads participated in the single-case design study. Data were analyzed through visual analysis and masked visual analysis. Results indicate that three of the four teacher dyads increased the frequency with which they used the strategies, with one dyad sustaining their use of targeted strategies post intervention. All teachers perceived that the intervention had positive effects on their children and indicated that bug-in-ear peer coaching was an acceptable form of professional development. Nonetheless, implications for research and practice are discussed to ensure that performance-based feedback is as meaningful as possible.