Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Strategies to Improve Sensorial Quality of White Wines by Wood Contact

Ageing wine is a common practice used in winemaking, since the quality and sensory profile increase due to the extractable compounds coming from wood, by means of barrels or chips. The quantitative and qualitative compounds of the wood depend on the species, its origins and the treatments applied in cooperages. Traditionally, oak wood species are most often used in cooperage, specifically Quercus alba (Q. alba), Known as American oak and Quercus robur (Q. robur) and Quercus petraea (Q. petraea), both known as French oak. Although this stage is very common for red wines, its use is still restricted in the case of white wines. However, this topic is particularly interesting, since due to the sensorial benefits of wood contact, the option for ageing white wines in barrels or chips could be chosen by winemakers. This review compiles the novel strategies applied to white wines by means of wood contact in recent years with the aim to increase wine quality and sensorial features.
Grammar and vocabulary: showing the connections

Although grammar and vocabulary are traditionally thought of as separate areas of language teaching, new work on word patterns suggests that they can usefully be combined. All words can be shown to have patterns, and words which have the same pattern tend to share aspects of meaning. The patterns 'V by -ing' and 'V as n' illustrate this. We suggest that language teachers focus on patterns as a way of encouraging four crucial aspects of language learning: understanding, accuracy, fluency, and flexibility. Pat- terns contribute to the teaching of both grammar and vocabulary. They can form a part of any syllabus, but are most logically associated with a lexical syllabus. Introduction It is common to see grammar and vocabulary as separate areas of language teaching and learning. Many coursebooks have separate sections on grammar and vocabulary; syllabuses list grammatical structures and key vocabulary items separately; students are described as being 'good at grammar' but having a 'limited vocabulary', or vice versa; grammar and vocabulary are often tested separately. Traditionally, language courses were organized around a set of grammatical points, with vocabulary selected to support the topic of each course unit. More recently, the importance of vocabulary has been widely recognized, and word frequency has been used as the organizing principle of language teaching courses (see, for example, Willis 1990, Lewis 1993), with grammar brought in as support where necessary. Where grammar and vocabulary meet in most courses is in units which, for example, list the particular verbs which are typically followed either by a to-infinitive, a present participle, or both. For example, learners must learn that appear and manage are followed by a to-infinitive only; that finish and suggest are followed by a present participle only; that begin and like are followed by either form, with roughly the same meaning; but that forget, remember, stop, and try have different meanings when used with each form. This approach to the grammar of individual words, which we call 'patterns', can be extended far beyond these traditional observations. Focusing on patterns can, we believe, provide a more comprehensive and useful description of English than has been available to teachers up to now. What is so new about this work is that it does not rely on a distinction between grammar and vocabulary, but provides connections between the two.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Dengue among Rural Communities in Rembau and Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practices concerning dengue among rural communities of Rembau and Bukit Pelanduk district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Study Design: This was a community based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among household members in two villages from Rembau and Bukit Pelanduk districts respectively in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia in August 2010. Methodology: A total of 400 respondents were included in the study with 100 respondents from each of the four villages. Data was collected by a face-to-face interview of all residents aged 18 years and above in the selected households using a pretested structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consist of three sections; the first section concerned with knowledge comprising of 10 questions, the second part related to attitude comprised of six questions and the third part concerned with practice with seven questions. Results: It was found that knowledge among the respondent was only adequate. The main source of information on dengue was from the television or radio (88.5%). The respondents’ attitude was good and most was supportive of Aedes control measures. There was significant association between knowledge and attitude (P<0.001) with an Odds Ratio of 3.8 (95% CI:2.2, 6.7). Knowledge was associated with age, ethnicity and Original Research Article
LINKING RELATED CONTENT IN WEB ENCYCLOPEDIAS WITH SEARCH QUERY TAG CLOUDS

In this paper we present a novel tool for exploring related resources in Web encyclopedias called QueryCloud. Typically, users come to an encyclopedia from a search engine such as Google, Yahoo! or Bing and upon reading the first page on the site they leave it immediately thereafter. To tackle this problem in other systems such as Web shops, additional browsing tools for easy finding of related content are provided. In order to overcome this issue in the context of Web encyclopedia systems, we introduce a tool called QueryCloud. The tool combines two promising approaches – tag clouds and historic search queries – into a new single one, i.e. each document in the system is enriched with a tag cloud containing collections of related concepts populated from historic search queries. To test the feasibility of the approach, we integrated a prototypical implementation of the tool into a large Web encyclopedia called the Austria-Forum and conducted several experiments on a theoretical and empirical level. As our experiments show, QueryCloud provides a great alternative to traditional forms of tag cloud creation. With several experiments on a theoretical and empirical level we show that tag clouds generated by our system outperform tag clouds that are based on user-tags in terms of linking content and navigability. This work is relevant for researchers interested in the navigability of emergent hypertext structures and for engineers seeking to improve the navigability of large information systems, such as Web encyclopedias.
C-kit positive cellular network in normal human bowel and in motility disorders

C-kit positive interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) appear to have a key role in the normal motility function and development of intestine. They are pacemaker cells, which facilitate active propagation of electrical events and neurotransmission in the bowel wall. The cellular network of ICC is connected by gap junctions to each other and to the smooth muscle cells. Nitrergic innervation is considered to be the most important part of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic innervation in the enteric nervous system. Gut innervation has a complex threedimensional system that is difficult to appreciate in thin sections. Whole-mount preparation produces a three-dimensional picture to better demonstrate the structure of neuronal networks and their relationship of branching and interconnecting nerve fibres to each other and to the neighbouring tissues. Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods combined with whole-mount preparation technique provides a new aspect for studying bowel innervation and distribution of the crucial intracellular molecular architecture. The characteristic profiles of c-kit positive cellular network and nitrergic innervation and their relationship with the smooth muscle fibres in normal gut and in motility disorders provide a morphological basis for investigating intestinal motility disorders. Acta Biol Szeged 45(1-4):57-64 (2001)
Growth of the Original Tail in Anolis grahami: Isometry of the Whole Is a Product of Regional Differences

The original tail of lizards is a segmental structure, each segment containing a vertebra. We examine how the growth of the original tail of Anolis grahami is characterized as a single structure and as a structure composed of discrete segments. It is hypothesized that the tail grows isometrically both in its entirety and regionally. The results reveal that the entire tail grows isometrically with reference to SVL but that this isometric growth pattern results from differential growth in successive regions of the tail. Seg- mentally the tail grows faster proximally than distally and incorporates a middle transitional region. These findings may have implications for the various patterns of tail growth in squamates with different functional
Niche properties and geographical extent as predictors of species sensitivity to climate change

Aim Bioclimatic envelope models are often used to make projections of species' potential responses to climate change. It can be hypothesized that species with different kinds of distributions in environmental niche and geographical space may respond differently to changes in climate. Here, we compare projections of shifts in species ranges with simple descriptors of species niche (position and breadth) and geographical (range size) distributions. Location Europe. Methods The future distribution for 1200 European plant species were predicted by niche-based models using seven climate variables known to have an important role in limiting plant species distributions. Ecological niche properties were estimated using a multivariate analysis. Species range changes were then related to species niche properties using generalized linear models. Results Generally, percentage of remaining suitable habitat in the future increased linearly with niche position and breadth. Increases in potential suitable habitat were associated with greater range size, and had a hump-shaped relationship with niche position on temperature gradient. By relating species chorotypes to percentage of remaining or gained habitat, we highlighted biogeographical patterns of species sensitivity to climate change. These were clearly related to the degree of exposure according to regional patterns of projected climate change. Main conclusion This study highlights general patterns about the relationships between sensitivity of species to climate change and their ecological properties. There is a strong convergence between simple inferences based on ecological characteristics of species and projections by bioclimatic 'envelope' models, confirming macroecological assumptions about species sensitivity based on niche properties. These patterns appear to be most strongly driven by the exposure of species to climate change, with additional effects of species niche characteristics. We conclude that simple species niche properties are powerful indicators of species' sensitivity to climate change.
Conflicts at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Profitability, Poverty Alleviation, and Neoliberal Governmentality

This article adopts the concept of neoliberal governmentality to critically analyze public policy failures in a bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) marketing initiative. This research shows that e-Choupal, an Indian BOP initiative, is hampered by a divide between poverty alleviation and profit seeking, which is inadequately reconciled by the neoliberal government policies that dominate contemporary India. The initiative sounds good, even noble, but becomes mired in divergent discourses and practices that ultimately fail to help the poor whom it targets. This research helps explicate the problems with BOP policy interventions that encourage profit seeking as a way to alleviate poverty.
REVIEW ON: HOW DOES PRE-CALVING NUTRITION INTERACT WITH POST-CALVING NUTRITION TO AFFECT MILK PRODUCTION AND CHANGES IN BODY CONDITION OF COWS?

ABSTRACT Most of nutritional researches regarding transition cows has involved the feeding of total mixed rations or pasture silage and concentrate to cows before and after calving. The nutrition of dairy cows is believed to affect productivity early in lactation. Pre-calving nutrition has impact on body condition score (BCS) at calving. It has been suggested that increased level of feeding prior to calving is associated with increased BCS at calving and increased milk yield after calving. The effect of pre-calving feeding may be less evident in cows fed well post-calving. Over conditioned cows, unlike thin cows, produce milk with the expense of their stored fat and as a result they are in negative energy balance and they have low dry matter intake (DMI) during early lactation. It is better to achieve high energy concentration by the use of high-fiber concentrates with a fat supplement, and optimum performance in cows that are fat at calving may be achieved with higher level of undegradable dietary protein, whereas cows that are thin at calving perform best with higher levels of energy diet. This review explores pre- and post-calving nutrition and milking frequency and their effect on production parameters. In addition, I review the interaction between BCS at calving and nutrient intake during early lactation. Key words: BCS; DMI; Milk Yield; NEB; Pre-calving; Post calving
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Vitiligo Patients

Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder characterized by depigmented patches or macules caused by the destruction of melanocytes. The pathogenetic mechanisms involved in vitiligo have not been completely clarified. Oxidative stress and reduced circulating antioxidants could be important phenomena in the pathophysiology of vitiligo. We measured serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of oxidative stress and serum zinc and vitamin C to check antioxidant status in thirty Vitiligo patients. Thirty healthy control subjects were also recruited by matching the socio-demographic status to that of the patients. Blood samples were analyzed for determining the serum levels of Zn (by atomic absorption spectroscopy), Vitamin C and MDA (by UV-VIS spectroscopy). Serum level of MDA increased in vitiligo patients significantly ( p 0.05). Our study reveals the presence of an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant system in vitiligo patients which supports a free radical-mediated damage in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Key words: Vitiligo; Oxidative stress; Antioxidant status; MDA; Vitamin C; Zinc DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2. 7894 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9 (2): 103-108, 2010 (December)
Did US Consumers 'Save for a Rainy Day' Before the Great Recession?

The ‘saving for a rainy day’ hypothesis implies that households’ saving decisions reflect that they can (rationally) predict future income declines. The empirical relevance of this hypothesis plays a key role in discussions of fiscal policy multipliers and it holds under the null that the permanent income hypothesis is true. We find mixed support for this hypothesis using time series data for the 100 largest US Metropolitan Statistical Areas, as well as aggregate macro time series, for the period 1980q1-2011q4. That is, income is more often found to predict consumption and saving than the converse. Our modus operandi is to investigate the ‘saving for a rainy day’ hypothesis by testing (weak) exogeneity of income and consumption and by exploring the direction of Granger causality between the two series. We also give evidence that house price changes played a role in the US income and consumption dynamics, before, during and after the Great Recession.
Digestive Enzyme Activity in Eurasian Perch (Perca Fluviatilis) and Arctic Charr (Salvelinus Alpinus)

The activity of the digestive enzymes lipase, α-amylase and disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase, isomaltase and trehalase) was studied in slow-growing and fast-growing groups of farmed Eurasian perch (Percafluviatilis) of different ages.The activity of carbohydrases (disaccharidases and α-amylase), lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin were also compared in Eurasian perch andArcticcharr (Salvelinusalpinus). No effect was noted of growth rate and age on the digestive enzyme activities in Eurasian perch.Total lipase activity was higher than total combined carbohydrase activity in both species (142.0 vs. 6.2 and 111.0 vs. 2.5 Umg-1 protein for Eurasian perch and Arctic charr respectively; P<0.001 for both). Compared with Arctic charr, Eurasian perch had higher lipase activity in the pancreasand lower lipase activity in the pyloric caeca and mid-intestine. Total chymotrypsin activity was higher than total trypsin activity in both species, whereas total chymotrypsin activity was higher for Arcticcharr than for Eurasian perch (192.8 and 110.2 Umg sample-1 respectively; P<0.001). The high lipase and protease activity, and low carbohydrase activity in both species can be linked to their carnivorous feeding habits. Moreover, Eurasian Perch had a higher total carbohydrase activity than charr, suggesting a greater capacity for digesting carbohydrates, especially starch.
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Priority Program 1253 Optimization with Partial Differential Equations

We consider an optimal control problem subject to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation which describes the evolution of magnetizations in S2. The problem is motivated in order to control switching processes of ferromagnets. Existence of an optimum and the first order necessary optimality system are derived. We show (up to subsequences) convergence of state, adjoint and control variables of a time discretization (semi-implicit Euler method) for vanishing time step size. A main step here is to verify corresponding stability properties for the semi-discrete state, which is nontrivial since the iterates take values which only approximate S2. We use a perturbation argument within a variational discretization in order to show error bounds for the semi-discrete state variables, from which we may then infer uniform bounds for the semi-discrete state and also adjoint variables. Numerical studies underline these results and compare this discretization with a further variant which bases on a projection strategy for the state equation to enhance iterates to better approximate S2.
CHAPTER 8 Stage-specific remodelling of atherosclerotic lesions upon cholesterol lowering in LDL receptor knockout mice

Lipid lowering reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the dynamic remodeling of established atherosclerotic lesions upon lipid lowering is poorly understood. Early and advanced lesions in the aortic root were induced by feeding LDL receptor knockout mice a high fat/high cholesterol Western-type diet for 5 and 9 weeks, respectively. Lipid lowering was achieved by switching mice to chow diet. In the first week after the diet switch, plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels dropped 70%, but both early and advanced lesions increased in size. Early lesions grew due to an increase in smooth muscle cells while advanced lesions showed an enlargement of the absolute macrophage area. From 1 to 3 weeks, plasma TC levels were completely normalized. This did not influence the size of early lesions. However, advanced lesions became smaller due to a reduction of the absolute macrophage area. From 3 to 6 weeks, both early and advanced lesions progressed further as a result of expansion of the absolute collagen and necrotic core area. In contrast, early lesions became proinflammatory as evidenced by the increased infiltration of neutrophils, increased oxidative stress, probably caused by the activation of mast cells in the adventitia. In conclusion, the severity of the atherosclerotic lesion affects its dynamic response to lipid lowering, indicating the importance of establishing stage-specific therapeutic protocols for the treatment of atherosclerosis. --Am. J. Pathol. 2011; 179(3):1522-32---
A sequential Bayesian approach for the estimation of the age–depth relationship of the Dome Fuji ice core

Abstract. A technique for estimating the age–depth relationship in an ice core and evaluating its uncertainty is presented. The age–depth relationship is determined by the accumulation of snow at the site of the ice core and the thinning process as a result of the deformation of ice layers. However, since neither the accumulation rate nor the thinning process is fully known, it is essential to incorporate observational information into a model that describes the accumulation and thinning processes. In the proposed technique, the age as a function of depth is estimated by making use of age markers and δ18O data. The age markers provide reliable age information at several depths. The data of δ18O are used as a proxy of the temperature for estimating the accumulation rate. The estimation is achieved using the particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (PMCMC) method, which is a combination of the sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method and the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. In this hybrid method, the posterior distributions for the parameters in the models for the accumulation and thinning process are computed using the Metropolis method, in which the likelihood is obtained with the SMC method, and the posterior distribution for the age as a function of depth is obtained by collecting the samples generated by the SMC method with Metropolis iterations. The use of this PMCMC method enables us to estimate the age–depth relationship without assuming either linearity or Gaussianity. The performance of the proposed technique is demonstrated by applying it to ice core data from Dome Fuji in Antarctica.
Spectral Method for Multiplexed Phase Retrieval and Application in Optical Imaging in Complex Media

We introduce a generalized version of phase retrieval called multiplexed phase retrieval. We want to recover the phase of amplitude-only measurements from linear combinations of them. This corresponds to the case in which multiple incoherent sources are sampled jointly, and one would like to recover their individual contributions. We show that a recent spectral method developed for phase retrieval can be generalized to this setting, and that its performance follows a phase transition behavior. We apply this new technique to light focusing at depth in a complex medium. Experimentally, although we only have access to the sum of the intensities on multiple targets, we are able to separately focus on each one, thus opening potential applications in deep fluorescence imaging and light delivery.