Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co‐expression of PACAP with VIP, SP and CGRP in the Porcine Nodose Ganglion Sensory Neurons

Our previous study revealed the expression of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in sensory distal ganglion of the vagus (nodose ganglion) neurons in the pig. As these neuropeptides may be involved in nociception, the goal of these investigations was to determine possible expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), SP and CGRP in the pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide‐immunoreactive (PACAP‐IR) porcine nodose perikarya. Co‐expression of these substances was examined using a double‐labelling immunofluorescence technique. To reveal the ganglionic cell bodies, the pan‐neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used. Quantitative analysis of the neurons revealed that 67.25% of the PGP 9.5+ somata in the right‐side ganglion and 66.5% in the left side, respectively, co‐expressed PACAP‐IR. Moreover, 60.6% of the PACAP‐IR cells in the right‐side ganglion and 62.1% in the left, respectively, co‐expressed VIP. SP‐IR was observed in 52.2 and 39.9% of the right and left ganglia, respectively. CGRP was found in 27.7 and 34.1% of the right and left distal ganglion of the vagus, respectively. High level of co‐expression of PACAP with VIP, SP and CGRP in the distal ganglia of the vagus sensory perikarya directly implicates studied peptides in their functional interaction during nociceptive vagal transduction.
Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease

Background: Extremely-low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure is suspected to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Such fields are present in the vicinity of electrical motors and other electric appliances containing coils. Methods: We investigated lifetime occupational ELF-MF exposure in relation to Alzheimer's disease and dementia among a community dementia-free cohort (n = 931) age 75 years and older in Stockholm, Sweden. This cohort was followed from 1987–1989 until 1994–1996 to detect dementia cases (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, revised 3rd edition criteria). Information on lifetime job history was obtained by interview, usually of next of kin. ELF-MF exposure was assessed using a job-exposure matrix, measurement on historical equipment, and expert estimation. We analyzed the data with Cox models controlling for potential confounders. Results: Dementia was diagnosed in 265 subjects, including 202 with Alzheimer's disease. Among men, ELF-MF exposure ≥0.2 μT in lifetime principal job was related to multivariate-adjusted relative risks of 2.3 (95% CI = 1.0–5.1) for Alzheimer's disease and 2.0 (1.1–3.7) for dementia. We found no association among women. A similar sex-specific pattern was seen for the associations with average ELF-MF exposure throughout the work life. A dose-response relation was suggested in men, with multivariate-adjusted relative risks of 2.4 (0.8–6.8) for Alzheimer's disease and 2.5 (1.1–5.6) for dementia for the upper tertile of lifetime average exposure. Conclusions: Long-term occupational exposure to a higher ELF-MF level may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in men. Similar patterns were not seen in women, which may in part be the result of a greater exposure misclassification in women than in men.
Evaluating Social Perception of Human-to-Robot Handovers Using the Robot Social Attributes Scale (RoSAS)

This work explores social perceptions of robots within the domain of human-to-robot handovers. Using the Robotic Social Attributes Scale (RoSAS), we explore how users socially judge robot receivers as three factors are varied: initial position of the robot arm prior to handover, grasp method employed by the robot when receiving a handover object trading off perceived object safety for time efficiency, and retraction speed of the arm following handover. Our results show that over multiple handover interactions with the robot, users gradually perceive the robot receiver as being less discomforting and having more emotional warmth. Additionally, we have found that by varying grasp method and retraction speed, users may hold significantly different judgments of robot competence and discomfort. With these results, we recognize empirically that users are able to develop social perceptions of robots which can change through modification of robot receiving behaviour and through repeated interaction with the robot. More widely, this work suggests that measurement of user social perceptions should play a larger role in the design and evaluation of human-robot interactions and that the RoSAS can serve as a standardized tool in this regard.
Survey of robotic manipulation studies intending practical applications in real environments -object recognition, soft robot hand, and challenge program and benchmarking-

Aiming at accelerating the creation of new techniques on dexterous robotic manipulations, this paper surveyed the recent results on object recognition, soft robotic hands, and benchmarks and challenge/competition programs. The former two topics construct the elemental components of the new technologies on robotic manipulations, while the last one is a key for proceeding the creation and realization of the actual robotic manipulations with the new techniques. With these surveys, we will reveal the solved and unsolved issues for the next step to realize robotic dexterous manipulation systems comparable to human being.
The NFKB1 Promoter Polymorphism (−94ins/delATTG) Alters Nuclear Translocation of NF-&kgr;B1 in Monocytes after Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation and Is Associated with Increased Mortality in Sepsis

Background:Because the nuclear factor-&kgr;B (NF-&kgr;B) coupled pathway is believed to amplify inflammation prevailing in sepsis, the authors tested the hypotheses that the insertion–deletion polymorphism (−94ins/delATTG) (1) alters nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-&kgr;B and activator protein-1 (NF-&kgr;B1) in monocytes after lipopolysaccharide stimulation; (2) affects lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-&kgr;B1 messenger RNA expression, tumor necrosis factor &agr; concentrations, and tissue factor activity; and (3) may be associated with increased 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Methods:Nuclear translocation of NF-&kgr;B1 in monocytes after lipopolysaccharide stimulation from healthy blood donors was performed with immunofluorescence staining (n = 5 each). Lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-&kgr;B1 messenger RNA expression was measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR; n = 60), tumor necrosis factor &agr; concentrations with a multiplexing system kit (n = 60), and tissue factor activity with thromboelastometry (n = 105). In a prospective study, multivariate proportional hazard analysis tested 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis (n = 143). Methods and Results:The homozygous deletion genotype compared with the homozygous insertion genotype was associated with a nearly twofold increase in nuclear translocation of NF-&kgr;B1 (P = 0.001), a threefold difference in NF-&kgr;B1 messenger RNA expression (P = 0.001), and a twofold increase in tissue factor expression (P = 0.021). The deletion allele in adults with severe sepsis was tested as an independent prognostic factor for 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.13–4.8; P = 0.022). Mortality was 25% for homozygous insertion genotypes but 41% for combined heterozygous deletion/homozygous deletion genotypes (P = 0.034). Conclusion:The deletion allele of the NF&kgr;B1 insertion–deletion (−94ins/delATTG) polymorphism is associated with increased 30-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis and increased reaction of the innate immune system.
The risk of chronic traumatic brain injury in professional boxing: change in exposure variables over the past century

Objectives: To determine if boxing exposure has changed over time and hence if current professional boxers are at the same risk of developing chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI) as historical controls. Design: Literature review of published studies and analysis of data of active professional boxers. Subjects: Professional boxers in the United Kingdom and Australia. Main outcome measures: Boxing history and participation in sparring and professional bouts. Results: Since the 1930s, the average duration of a professional boxer’s career has dropped from 19 years to five years, and the mean number of career bouts has reduced from 336 to 13. This is despite no significant decline in participation rates from 1931 until 2002. Conclusions: The incidence of boxing related CTBI will diminish in the current era of professional boxing because of the reduction in exposure to repetitive head trauma and increasing medical monitoring of boxers, with preparticipation medical and neuroimaging assessments resulting in the detection of early and potentially pre-symptomatic cases of CTBI.
Knowledge transfer principles as applied to sport concussion education

Objective: To (a) examine knowledge transfer literature and optimal learning needs as applied to healthcare professionals, coaches and student athletes; (b) apply the practice of knowledge transfer to sport concussion education resources; and (c) identify needs and make recommendations for optimising concussion education. Design: Qualitative literature review of knowledge transfer and concussion education literature. Intervention: Pubmed, Medline, Psych Info and Sport Discus databases were reviewed. 52 journal articles, 20 websites and 2 books were reviewed. Results: The methods in which individuals experience optimal learning varies and should be considered when developing effective concussion education strategies. Physician knowledge and performance are impacted by education outreach, interaction and reminder messages. Educational strategies associated with optimal learning for physio and athletic therapists include problem and evidence-based practice, socialisation and peer-assisted learning. From a coaching perspective, research supports the reflective process as a learning modality. Student athletes have strengths and weaknesses in different areas and so perform differently on activities requiring distinct strategies. Knowing the impact of sport concussion resources on knowledge enhancement and modifying attitudes and behaviours toward concussion requires evaluation strategies. Review of concussion resources using the perspective of knowledge transfer and methods for improvement is discussed. Conclusions: Knowledge transfer is a relatively new concept in sports medicine and its influence on enhancing concussion education is not well known. The needs and optimal learning styles of target audiences coupled with evaluation need to be a piece of the overall concussion education puzzle to effectively impact knowledge of and attitudes and behaviours towards sport concussion.
Cancer-Associated Alteration in Fatty Acid Binding to Albumin Studied by Spin-Label Electron Spin Resonance

Human serum albumin accumulates low molecular weight biomarkers related to cancer. This accumulation can lead to allosteric modification of albumin and change its ability to bind essential fatty acids. Using 16-doxyl-stearic acid spin probe, which is specific for albumin, the serum samples of 98 patients with a variety of cancer types and 86 cancer free individuals were analysed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in order to evaluate cancer-induced modifications that occur to albumin. The ESR spectra showed significant differences between the investigated groups. These differences were most apparent in the intensities and widths of the spectral lines corresponding to the different types of albumin binding sites.
A fault-tolerant core mapping technique in networks-on-chip

This study proposes a fault-tolerant technique on application mapping and spare core allocation in networks-on-chip. The proposed technique sets the place of spare cores among free non-faulty processing cores, dynamically. Here, dynamically setting means that the places of spare cores are tuned for each application and are not fixed in the platform statically. Some vertices of each application core graph can be known as critical, based on their vulnerabilities, the performance degradation and the energy consumption overheads because of negative impacts of failure recovery. This technique locates the spare cores near to the critical cores. As the main theoretical contribution, the problem of spare core placement and its impression on system fault-tolerance properties is discussed. Some metrics are investigated to be considered in spare core allocation. The results of 1 000 000 fault injection experiments show that the proposed technique leads to communication energy reductions and performance improvement, compared with related works.
Emotional Closeness with Perpetrators and Amnesia for Child Sexual Abuse

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, a contentious debate regarding delayed memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has existed. In order to address this debate, 240 female participants completed questions about CSA, the Dissociative Experience Scale (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986), Perceived Emotional Closeness with Perpetrator Scale (Schultz, Passmore, & Yoder, 2000), and the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 2 (GSS 2) (Gudjonsson, 1987). Eighty-two (36%) reported CSA and 37% of these indicated memory disturbances for the CSA. Participants reporting memory disturbances also reported significantly higher numbers of perpetrators, chemical abuse in their families, and closer relationships with the perpetrator(s) than participants reporting no memory disturbances. Implications for clinicians working with clients reporting CSA are discussed.
Injected Versus Oral Cyclosporine for Human Neural Progenitor Grafting in Rats.

BACKGROUND Neural cell transplantation is a promising therapy for stroke, but rejection of human cells in animal models is an obstacle to furthering this research. Many antirejection strategies have been reported, but few comparison data are available. We asked if human neural cell grafts would have different survival or differentiation with injected or oral cyclosporine regimens. METHODS Rats received intracerebral grafts of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors, and 6 rats each were randomized to 4 cyclosporine regimens: 1) daily injections, 2) initial injections followed by oral drug in the drinking water, 3) oral drug only, or 4) no cyclosporine. Histology was performed 14 days after grafting for quantification of markers of human cells, neural cell types, and immune cells. RESULTS More rats in the injection (6/6) and injection+oral (5/6) groups had surviving graft cells than in the oral (1/6) and control (3/6) groups (p<0.05), with a trend toward a greater number of surviving graft cells as well. All rats with surviving graft cells also had these cells co-label for a neural progenitor marker, and a minority of graft cells co-labeled for a cell division marker and a neuronal marker. Rats with areas of dead graft cell debris were seen in all of the groups. In these areas, cells that labeled for microglial markers also contained the human nuclear marker in their cytoplasm, suggesting phagocytosis of the graft cells. CONCLUSIONS Human neural cell survival in rat brain tissue differed between cyclosporine regimens, but microglial phagocytosis of graft cells occurred in all the groups. Frequent injection of laboratory animals is undesirable, and a compromise strategy of peritransplant injections followed by drug in the drinking water showed good results in preventing graft cell rejection. Further research is needed to optimize the antirejection approach for this application.
Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine in the Prevention of Contrast Media-Induced Nephropathy

Objective Ti define the clinical role of intravenous N-acetylcysteine for prophylaxis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Data Sources: Randomized controlled clinical trials were identified using a search of MEDLINE (1990-September 2010) with the search terms acetylcysteine, N-acetylcysteine, NAC, intravenous, IV, nephropathy, nephrotoxic, radiocontrast, contrast, and media. The search was limited to studies published in English. Additional pertinent literature was retrieved by reviewing references of the articles obtained in the initial search. Data Synthesis: N-Acetylcysteine is a vasodilator and antioxidant that has been investigated for the prevention of CIN. In the majority of clinical trials, neither oral nor intravenous N-acetyIcysteine has demonstrated clinical benefits at preventing CIN. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of intravenous N-acetylcysteine are significantly different from those of the oral product in that intravenous administration bypasses extensive first-pass metabolism. Studies have suggested that N-acetylcysteine directly affects serum creatinine levels in a way that is not associated with improvement of kidney function. Only intravenous N-acetylcysteine doses that were higher than the oral doses showed potential benefits, but they were associated with significant adverse events. Furthermore, the study populations were heterogeneous, including patients with various levels of kidney function and other risk factors, and the clinical definition of CIN was not well established. Conclusions: NO conclusive evidence has shown that intravenous N-acetyl-cysteine is safe and effective in preventing CIN. Further clinical trials to define its role are warranted.
Transoral removal of submandibular stones.

OBJECTIVE To assess transoral treatment of submandibular lithiasis. DESIGN Study of a series of patients with submandibular stones undergoing transoral removal of the sialoliths. Duration of follow-up: 6 months to 7 years. SETTING Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany, center for treatment of salivary stones. PATIENTS Two hundred thirty-one patients (127 females, 104 males) suffering from submandibular lithiasis had a mean age of 41.7 years (age range, 12-86 years). Stone location was distal to the edge of the mylohyoid muscle in 115 patients and proximal to the gland in 102 patients (mean size of sialoliths, 6.3 mm [range, 2-30 mm]). Fourteen other patients had 2 separate stones, one within the hilum and a smaller more proximal one within the gland. INTERVENTIONS Transoral removal of the stones under local anesthesia and preservation of the submandibular gland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Complete removal of the stones, complications, and recurrence of the stones. RESULTS All 115 patients with distal stone location, 93 (91%) of 102 patients with stones of the perihilar region, and 9 (64%) of the 14 patients with 2 separate stones in the hilum and parenchyma were free of stones. Submandibulectomy had to be carried out in 4 patients (1.7%). Recurrence of lithiasis and damage to the lingual nerve remained below 1%. CONCLUSIONS Transoral removal should be the treatment of choice in patients with submandibular stones that can be palpated bimanually and localized by ultrasound within the perihilar region of the gland.
Hypoxia‐induced free iron release in the red cells of newborn infants *

Heparinized blood samples were obtained at birth from 164 newborn infants (101 full term; 63 preterm). Intra‐erythrocyte free iron concentration and hypoxanthine plasma levels were determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Intra‐erythrocyte free iron concentration was higher in preterm than in full term babies (p < 0:0001) and adults (p < 0:0001). Statistically significant correlations were observed between intra‐erythrocyte free iron concentration and hypoxanthine levels (r = 0:66; p= 0:0001), pH (r = ‐ 0:76; p = 0:0001), base excess (r = ‐ 0:79; p= 0:0001), and gestational age (r = ‐ 0:44; p= 0:0001) in both infant populations. Multiple regression analysis between intra‐erythrocyte free iron concentration in cord blood, as an independent variable, and Apgar score at 1 min, pH, base excess, hypoxanthine values, FiO2 needed for resuscitation immediately after delivery, and gestational age, as dependent variables, identified hypoxanthine levels (p= 0:0003; partial F‐test = 15.4) as the best single predictor of intra‐erythrocyte free iron concentration. In conclusion, hypoxia induces intra‐erythrocyte free iron release, and therefore enhances the risk of oxidative injury due to hydroxyl radical generation.
Preparations for pulse operation tests of the ITER CS model coil using the JT-60 power supply

Some preparations for pulse operation tests of the ITER CS model coil in the JT-60 power supply system have been performed. Since the ITER CS model coil takes a longer current ramp-up time, the pulse duration is extended up to 70 s from 15 s by decreasing the output voltage of the motor-generator. In the protection system a new grounding resistor with higher resistance has been installed and a new protection make-switch has also been developed. An analysis for the local resonances in the coil has been performed, and measurements of the coil impedance is planned to confirm the validity of the analysis results.
The association of Social Anxiety Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder and reproduction: Results from four nationally representative samples of adults in the USA

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) are highly prevalent and frequently co-occur. The results of population studies suggest that SAD tends to precede AUD, and the results of laboratory studies suggest that alcohol use facilitates social behaviors in socially anxious individuals. Therefore, we posited that, in a modern context, a tendency to consume alcohol may be positively selected for among socially anxious individuals by its effect on the likelihood of finding a partner and reproducing. We tested the hypothesis that a higher proportion of individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of SAD and AUD reproduce (i.e., have at least one child) relative to individuals with SAD absent AUD in an individual participant meta-analysis based on over 65,000 adults derived from four nationally representative cross-sectional samples. We then cross-validated these findings against the results of a 10-year follow up of one of these surveys. Lifetime history of SAD was not associated with reproduction whereas lifetime history of AUD was positively associated with reproduction. There was no statistically detectable difference in the proportion of individuals with a lifetime history of SAD with or without AUD who reproduced. There was considerable heterogeneity in all of the analyses involving SAD, suggesting that there are likely to be other pertinent variables relating to SAD and reproduction that should be delineated.
H2A.Z Is Required for Global Chromatin Integrity and for Recruitment of RNA Polymerase II under Specific Conditions

ABSTRACT Evolutionarily conserved variant histone H2A.Z has been recently shown to regulate gene transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we show that loss of H2A.Z in this organism negatively affects the induction of GAL genes. Importantly, fusion of the H2A.Z C-terminal region to S phase H2A without its corresponding C-terminal region can mediate the variant histone's specialized function in GAL1-10 gene induction, and it restores the slow-growth phenotype of cells with a deletion of HTZ1. Furthermore, we show that the C-terminal region of H2A.Z can interact with some components of the transcriptional apparatus. In cells lacking H2A.Z, recruitment of RNA polymerase II and TATA-binding protein to the GAL1-10promoters is significantly diminished under inducing conditions. Unexpectedly, we also find that H2A.Z is required to globally maintain chromatin integrity under GAL gene-inducing conditions. We hypothesize that H2A.Z can positively regulate gene transcription, at least in part, by modulating interactions with RNA polymerase II-associated factors at certain genes under specific cell growth conditions.