Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Engagement at Work and Organizational Outcomes

engagement and performance for each of the 11 outcomes studied. Two forms of true validity estimation follow mean observed correlations and standard deviations. The first corrects for range variation within organizations and dependent-variable measurement error. This range-variation correction places all organizations on the same basis in terms of variability of employee engagement across business/work units. These results can be viewed as estimating the relationships across business/work units within the average organization. The second corrects for range restriction across the population of business/work units and dependent-variable measurement error. Estimates that include the latter range-restriction correction apply to interpretations of effects in business/work units across organizations, as opposed to effects expected within a given organization. Because there is more variation in engagement for business/work units across organizations than there is within the average organization, effect sizes are higher when true validity estimates are calculated for business/work units across organizations. Findings reported in this updated meta-analysis continue to provide large-scale to prior conducted on the 12 The present study expands the The relationship continues to be This concept is further reinforced in the present study with the newly reported strong relationship between employee engagement and wellbeing.
Board Efficiency and Internal Corporate Control Mechanisms

We analyze the interactions between internal and external control mechanisms in a framework in which the board selects the CEO and then decides whether to retain or dismiss him after observing a signal regarding his ability. The novel aspect of our paper is that we consider both the hiring and the firing of the CEO by the board. The type of board is defined by its ability to select a good CEO, so that the quality of the CEO depends on the type of board. Then, the dismissal-retention decision provides information not only on the quality of the CEO but also on the board's type. We show that the board's behavior depends on the pressure from the takeover market and on whether its type is publicly known. When the pressure from the takeover market is high and the type of board is private information, the board prefers not to dismiss the manager even if it has received a very low signal regarding his quality. Hence, our model endogenously derives a collusion between board and CEO in which the board does not fire a bad CEO. This behavior emerges as an attempt to hide the board's inability to accomplish the first task, CEO selection, by distorting the second task, the CEO retention-dismissal decision.
The Effects of a Sudden Co2 Reduction in Spain

Spanish emissions of carbon dioxide have grown by more than 40% in 2004 with respect to 1990. This is not compatible with the EU allocation of Kyoto-mandated CO2 reduction, even taking into account that Spanish emissions are allowed to rise by 15% in 2010. The reasons for this situation stem from a combination of economic growth and an inefficient energy domain, coupled with a total absence of climate change policies. In this paper, we use a static general equilibrium model to assess the effects of a sudden and intense (ie, with a limited time to carry out significant abatement) CO2 reduction by the Spanish economy. Our results show that the costs of immediate and medium-size reductions are not significant in the short run and could lead to the attaining of the EU agreed emissions level for Spain. However, delaying such action means that the degree of Spanish CO2 emission reduction is much higher and that economic costs are far more important.
Persistent photoconductivity in insulating and superconducting YBa2Cu3Ox thin films: Temperature and spectral dependence.

Temperature and spectral dependencies of photoinduced changes of resistance in YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub [ital x]] thin films with oxygen content ranging as 6.35[lt][ital x][lt]6.75 were measured on both sides of the metal-insulator transition (MIT). The absolute value of efficiency of initiation of photoinduced changes decreases with an increase of oxygen content, but the position of peaks in the spectral dependence does not change with a change of [ital x]. Temperature dependencies of efficiency have an anomaly at [ital T][similar to]220 K, which is present in all the samples studied and correlates with anomalies observed by other experimental techniques. Qualitatively similar temperature and spectral dependencies of efficiency for the samples in both the insulating and metallic phases may be considered as an indication that the persistent photoconductivity effect in Y-Ba-Cu-O on both sides of the MIT has a common origin.
Body Mass Index and Mortality in Japan: The Miyagi Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: The relation between body mass index (BMI) and mortality is not well established. The objective of this study was to examine the association in Japanese adults. METHODS: In 1990, 18,740 men and 20,870 women in Miyagi Prefecture in rural northern Japan (40-64 years of age) completed a self-administered questionnaire including height and weight. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR) of mortality according to levels of BMI, with adjustment for age, marital status, smoking, drinking, walking, and weight change since 20 years of age. RESULTS: During 11 years of follow-up, 1,121 men and 567 women had died. Compared with the referent BMI category (23.0-24.9), women in the highest BMI category (BMI>30.0) had a RR of death of 1.64 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-2.49) and men and women in the lowest BMI categories (BMI<18.5) had a RR of death of 2.06 (95% CI, 1.49-2.84) and 1.83 (95% CI, 1.17-2.88), respectively, after adjustment for potential confounders and after exclusion of deaths occurring in the first three years of follow-up. We did not observe significant differences in mortality for subjects with wide range of BMI (18.5 or higher in men and 18.5 to 29.9 in women). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of death from all causes increases in lean men and women, and obese women in this cohort.
(Not Finding a) Sequential Order Bias in Elite Level Gymnastics

Sequential order bias is often used to refer to timing biases in sequential order judging. However, there are two distinct biases within this structure: overall order bias, a bias throughout the event, and a sequential order bias, a judgment biased by the immediately preceding performance. I independently test these forms of bias using uniquely suitable data from elite level gymnastics. After modeling overall order bias, I find evidence that this bias exists, as scores escalate throughout the competition. However, I find no evidence of a sequential order bias; scores are independent of the immediately preceding performer.
Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained? A Case Study of Africa’’s Participation in WTO Dispute Settlement

The thrust of this research centres on the inadequate participation of African countries in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Using the US upland cotton dispute initiated by Brazil as a case study, the author investigates four leading West African cotton exporters – Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali – the ‘Cotton 4’. While Benin and Chad participated in the dispute as third parties, Burkina Faso and Mali were noticeably absent, despite their joint criticism of cotton subsidies in the sectoral initiatives on cotton delivered by the group at two WTO ministerial meetings. The author attempts to ascertain the rationale for African countries’ decisions to participate in disputes or to ‘free ride’ within the international trade arena, arguing that the incentives or disincentives affecting these decisions stem from the inability to retaliate against developed countries under the WTO dispute settlement understanding (DSU); financial and technical limitations in accessing the DSU; disproportionately heavy reliance on principal trading relationships; and other socio-political and economic considerations.
Structural Basis of Fatty Acid Substrate Binding to Cyclooxygenase-2*

The cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) are membrane-associated heme-containing homodimers that generate prostaglandin H2 from arachidonic acid (AA). Although AA is the preferred substrate, other fatty acids are oxygenated by these enzymes with varying efficiencies. We determined the crystal structures of AA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) bound to Co3+-protoporphyrin IX-reconstituted murine COX-2 to 2.1, 2.4, and 2.65 Å, respectively. AA, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid bind in different conformations in each monomer constituting the homodimer in their respective structures such that one monomer exhibits nonproductive binding and the other productive binding of the substrate in the cyclooxygenase channel. The interactions identified between protein and substrate when bound to COX-1 are conserved in our COX-2 structures, with the only notable difference being the lack of interaction of the carboxylate of AA and EPA with the side chain of Arg-120. Leu-531 exhibits a different side chain conformation when the nonproductive and productive binding modes of AA are compared. Unlike COX-1, mutating this residue to Ala, Phe, Pro, or Thr did not result in a significant loss of activity or substrate binding affinity. Determination of the L531F:AA crystal structure resulted in AA binding in the same global conformation in each monomer. We speculate that the mobility of the Leu-531 side chain increases the volume available at the opening of the cyclooxygenase channel and contributes to the observed ability of COX-2 to oxygenate a broad spectrum of fatty acid and fatty ester substrates.
Serotonergic Modulation of Locomotion in Zebrafish—Endogenous Release and Synaptic Mechanisms

Serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in shaping the activity of the spinal networks underlying locomotion in many vertebrate preparations. At larval stages in zebrafish, 5-HT does not change the frequency of spontaneous swimming; and it only decreases the quiescent period between consecutive swimming episodes. However, it is not known whether 5-HT exerts similar actions on the locomotor network at later developmental stages. For this, the effect of 5-HT on the fictive locomotor pattern of juvenile and adult zebrafish was analyzed. Bath-application of 5-HT (1–20 μm) reduced the frequency of the NMDA-induced locomotor rhythm. Blocking removal from the synaptic cleft with the reuptake inhibitor citalopram had similar effects, suggesting that endogenous serotonin is modulating the locomotor pattern. One target for this modulation was the mid-cycle inhibition during locomotion because the IPSPs recorded in spinal neurons during the hyperpolarized phase were increased both in amplitude and occurrence by 5-HT. Similar results were obtained for IPSCs recorded in spinal neurons clamped at the reversal potential of excitatory currents (0 mV). 5-HT also slows down the rising phase of the excitatory drive recorded in spinal cord neurons when glycinergic inhibition is blocked. These results suggest that the decrease in the locomotor burst frequency induced by 5-HT is mediated by a potentiation of mid-cycle inhibition combined with a delayed onset of the subsequent depolarization.
Metropolitan Restructuring and Suburban Employment Centers: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Australian Experience

Abstract A strand of recent American planning literature has been the exploration of “edge city” style suburbanization. Similar outer city landscapes with attendant planning problems have been identified in foreign settings, but a culturally sensitive approach to the relevant comparisons of pattern, process and policy is needed. Focusing on the Sydney experience, this paper provides an Australian perspective. Its discussion of economic, demographic, historical, institutional, and policy factors is centrally concerned with explaining the more muted scale and contrasting forms of commercial suburbanization. The instructiveness of differences as much as of similarities is highlighted in the comparative analysis.
The growth of interorganizational systems in the presence of network externalities

We develop a model of network growth in the presence of network externalities for the case where a buyer initiates an interorganizational system with its suppliers. In our two-stage model, suppliers joining the network in the first stage can gain economic benefit from increased market share or higher price for the primary product. Suppliers encounter negative externalities since the economic benefit accruing to participating suppliers is less for increasingly larger networks. In the first stage, the buyer may experience initial supplier adoption of the network followed by a "stalling" problem due to negative externalities. In order to overcome this stalling problem, the buyer may find it optimal to subsidize some suppliers' costs to join the network in the second stage. We characterize the buyer's optimal second stage subsidy policy and show the conditions under which the buyer will find it optimal to offer a subsidy. If the suppliers have some positive ex ante expectation of a second stage subsidy, the growth of the network will be retarded in the first stage resulting in suboptimal profits for the buyer.
Cholinergic modulation and effects of dynorphin on the non-adrenergic inhibitory potentials in the guinea-pig duodenum.

Cholinergic modulation and effects of dynorphin on the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory potentials (NANC i.p.s) in the longitudinal smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig duodenum were studied intracellularly. Atropine (1.4 X 10(-7)-1.4 X 10(-5) M) and scopolamine (3.3 X 10(-8)-3.3 X 10(-7) M) increased the amplitude of the evoked i.p.s while physostigmine (3.7 X 10(-7)-3.7 X 10(-6) M) and neostigmine (4.8 X 10(-8) M) decreased it. The frequency of the spontaneous action potentials in the longitudinal smooth muscle cells was increased by dynorphin (6 X 10(-8)-3 X 10(-7) M) without continuous membrane depolarization. The excitatory effect of dynorphin on the spontaneous electrical activity was not blocked by atropine (1.4 X 10(-6) M). Dynorphin (6 X 10(-8)-2.4 X 10(-7) M) increased the amplitude of the i.p.s evoked in the presence of atropine (1.4 X 10(-7)-1.4 X 10(-6) M) and in the propranolol (3.9 X 10(-6) M) solution containing atropine while dynorphin decreased the amplitude of the i.p.s evoked in the absence of atropine. In the high calcium solution containing atropine, the amplitude of the i.p.s increased. Further increase in the amplitude of the i.p.s was observed by additively applied dynorphin. However, the amplitude of the i.p.s evoked in the high calcium solution without atropine was decreased by dynorphin. These results suggest the cholinergic inhibitory modulation on the NANC inhibitory nerves in the guinea-pig duodenum, the non-cholinergic excitatory action of dynorphin on the spontaneous electrical activity of the longitudinal smooth muscle and the excitatory action of dynorphin on the NANC inhibitory nerves in the presence of muscarinic blocking agents.
Cordectomy versus Arytenoidectomy in the Management of Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis

Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of transoral laser cordectomy and laser arytenoidectomy and to compare the results with a view to respiratory and phonatory function and deglutition. Twenty-eight patients with bilateral vocal cord paralysis were included in a prospective study. Eighteen patients had cordectomy, and 10, arytenoidectomy. Lung function tests and voice analysis were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Subclinical aspiration was determined by endoscopic evaluation of the larynx during deglutition. The results were compared to determine the relative effectiveness of both surgical methods. How volume spirograms documented equally improved flow rates in both groups. The final voice evaluation revealed that maximum phonation time, peak sound pressure levels, and frequency range were reduced in all 28 patients, but the phonatory results varied considerably in each group. Subclinical aspiration was noticed in 5 of 10 patients after arytenoidectomy, but in none of 18 patients after cordectomy. Four of 6 previously tracheostomized patients were decannulated within 2 weeks after surgery, while the other 22 patients had no perioperative tracheostomies. We conclude that transoral laser cordectomy and arytenoidectomy are equally effective and reliable in the management of the restricted airway. Phonatory outcome is not predictable with either surgical procedure. Cordectomy is easier and faster to perform, and subclinical aspiration is not encountered with this procedure.
Dynamic information retrieval and allocation flows in project teams with discontinuous membership

Project teams with discontinuous membership face unique knowledge management challenges. Team members in various roles create information during early project phases; however, certain of these roles may no longer be part of a project team during subsequent project phases when the knowledge needs to be applied. This research utilises instrumental role theory to examine the dynamics of information allocation and retrieval in a property development project team. We find that discontinuous membership significantly impacts information allocation and retrieval in project teams: continuous team members were more likely to be allocated information in tacit knowledge areas during earlier workflow phases, and they were more likely to retrieve both tacit and explicit information during later workflow phases. These results suggest that discontinuity of roles can result in the loss of key information in knowledge teams. Thus, managers should ensure that continuous team members recognise their role in compensating for such knowledge loss.
Celebrity entrepreneurship: communication effectiveness through perceived involvement

Increasingly, celebrities appear not only as endorsers for products but are apparently involved in entrepreneurial roles in the ventures that market the products they promote. We call this phenomenon Celebrity Entrepreneurship. We hypothesise that celebrity entrepreneurs are more effective communicators than typical celebrity endorsers. Further, we hypothesize that this is because celebrity entrepreneurship leads to higher perceptions of Involvement â€“ an endorser quality hitherto neglected in the marketing communication literature â€“ which in turn affects traditional outcome variables such as Aad and Abr. Two experiments confirm that a) involvement can successfully be operationalised as distinct from variables previously shown to influence communicator effectiveness, b) involvement has a positive effect on Aad and Abr over and above the traditional predictors, and c) celebrity entrepreneurship in experimental manipulations leads to increased perceived involvement.
Quantifying Private Benefits of Control from a Structural Model of Block Trades

We study the determinants of private benefits of control in negotiated block transactions. We estimate the block pricing model in Burkart, Gromb, and Panunzi (2000) explicitly accounting for both block premia and block discounts in the data. The evidence suggests that the occurrence of a block premium or discount depends on the controlling block holder's ability to fight a potential tender offer for the target's stock. We find evidence of large private benefits of control and of associated deadweight losses, but also of value creation by controlling shareholders. Finally, we provide evidence consistent with Jensen's free cash flow hypothesis.
Cross‐country analysis of price levels and dispersion in online and offline environments: an empirical analysis in France and Germany

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to take into consideration the country effect in online and offline environments and compares price levels and dispersion online v. offline across the two largest Continental European markets, thus adding a new dimension in price comparisons and multichannel pricing strategies.Design/methodology/approach – Based on an empirical analysis of data collected in one product category (CDs), our findings for France and Germany show that price levels ‐including shipping costs – are always higher online than offline in each country and price dispersion is persistent across markets. Calculating mean prices for the two countries, ANOVA tests reveal significant differences among the two sets of data. Using standard deviation as the measurement for price dispersion, Levene statistics reveal a higher degree of online price dispersion than offline and statistically significant differences between the two sample countries.Findings – Even if our approach need to be extended to mor.
Aerosol Generation During Bone-Sawing Procedures in Veterinary Autopsies

Bone-sawing procedures are routinely performed during veterinary and human autopsies and represent an important source for infectious aerosols. Here we investigate the generation of aerosols during bone-sawing procedures using 5 different saws regularly used in veterinary and human pathology. In particular, the electrical bone band saw produced vast amounts of aerosolized particles less than 5 µm in diameter, which spread rapidly throughout the entire autopsy hall, leading to an exposure of all personnel. Other sawing devices tested were a diamond-coated cut grinder, an oscillating saw, a reciprocating saw, and a hand bone saw. Although these saws, especially the handsaw, generated fewer aerosolized particles than the band saw, the level of exposure of the saw operator would still be of concern in cases where infectious material would require sawing. Contamination of the entire autopsy area was successfully prevented by the construction of a separately ventilated sawing cabin inside the existing autopsy room. Saw operators in this cabin, however, were exposed to even higher aerosol concentrations. Protection of saw operators was achieved by using a powered air-purifying respirator. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that all bone-sawing procedures applied in veterinary and human pathology can generate aerosols that are of concern for the health of autopsy personnel. To reduce the risk of aerosol infections from bone-sawing procedures, efficient and properly designed ventilation systems to limit the spread of aerosols and appropriate personal protective equipment against aerosols for exposed personnel should be implemented.
Respiration-induced changes in ear photoplethysmography relates to relative blood volume during hemodialysis

Renal failure patients provide a good model of fluid overload with the process of hemodialysis leading to central hypovolemia. This study aims to assess if hemodialysis induces identifiable changes in ear photoplethysmographic waveform variability (PPGV). The results are based on data collected from 10 kidney failure patients undergoing regular hemodialysis; classified as either fluid removal or non-fluid removal patients. Six minutes of continuous photoplethysmography (PPG) signals were recorded at pre-dialysis, end of dialysis and at regular intervals of 20 minutes during hemodialysis. Baseline and amplitude variabilities were derived from the PPG waveform. Frequency spectrum analysis was applied to these variability signals and spectral powers were then calculated from low frequency (LF), mid frequency (MF) and high frequency (HF) bands. The results indicate that in fluid removal patients, LF (p = 0.04), MF (p = 0.03) and HF (p = 0.0003) powers of amplitude ear PPGV (expressed in mean-scaled units) showed a significant increase at the end of dialysis compared to pre-dialysis. No significant change was observed in non-fluid removal patients. A moderate correlation was found between relative blood volume (RBV) and HF power (median R = 0.64, p < 0.05). This study suggests that ear PPG may be a suitable monitor of the systemic circulation and can provide a non-invasive tool to detect blood volume loss.