Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Will Controlling Shareholder Expropriate Investors? Cash Flows Right and Investment Opportunity Perspective

In this paper, we examine the relationship among cash flow rights, investment opportunities and firm values. We find that the opportunities to invest positive NPV projects will eliminate the positive effect of cash flow rights on firm values. However, when cash flow rights are relatively low, investment opportunities will not affect the positive relationship between cash flow rights and firm values. On the other hand, when cash flow rights are relatively high, cash flow rights do not influence firm values given the investment opportunities. As a result, the impact of investment opportunities on the cash flow right effect depends on the level of cash flow rights. These results suggest a non-linear relationship between cash flow right of the controlling shareholder and firm valuation.
Bank Diversification and Future Stock Price Performance: Evidence from Post-Acquisition Returns after the GLBA

Shareholder optimism around the announcement of the GLBA seems to be at odds with recent findings that imply that the GLBA cannot be justified on the grounds of risk reduction or increased returns. Using banks’ acquisition of other banks, investment banks, and insurance companies as a measure of diversification, we find that banks that acquire investment banks and insurance companies earn 97 and 83 basis points higher annualized average risk-adjusted return than those that acquire other banks. Thus, the GLBA seems justifiable on grounds of risk-adjusted returns. Both acquirers’ announcement-day abnormal returns and the acquisition premium increase with diversification, suggesting that investors and the market for corporate control correctly perceive, at the time of the announcement or acquisition, the benefit of diversification.
Going Public: How Stock Market Listing Changes Firm Innovation Behavior

Although going public allows firms access to more financial capital that can fuel innovation, it also exposes them to a set of myopic incentives and disclosure requirements that constrain innovation. This tension is expected to produce a unique pattern of innovation strategies among firms going public, causing such firms to increase their innovation levels but reduce their innovation riskiness. Specifically, the authors predict that after going public, firms innovate at higher levels and introduce higher levels of variety with each innovation; however, these innovations are less risky, characterized by fewer breakthrough innovations and fewer innovations in new-to-the-firm categories. The authors compare 40,000 product introductions in the period 1980–2011 from a sample of consumer packaged goods firms that went public with a benchmark sample of firms that remained private, and the results support their predictions. Utilizing tests to resolve questions about endogeneity, including self-selection, reverse causality, and competing explanations, the authors demonstrate that initial public offering selection and dynamics do not drive this going-public effect. The authors also uncover a set of industry factors that mitigate the drop in breakthrough innovation by offering product-market incentives that counterbalance the documented effect of stock market incentives.
FORUM - Word of Mouse - An Assessment of Electronic Word-of-Mouth Research

Word-of-mouth (WOM) communication has received a great deal of attention from marketing academics and practitioners alike. Widespread use of the internet for shopping, information gathering and entertainment purposes has changed not only the ways that WOM can be studied and manipulated but also the very nature of the phenomenon. Published research into electronic WOM (eWOM) first appeared in the top-level marketing journals only about ten years ago. Since that time, there has been a great deal of research but no synthesis of the knowledge that would allow one to draw conclusions regarding the evolving nature of WOM and to extend the theory applied to this topic. This paper will address that gap, applying the paradigm funnel technique and will suggest some future research directions.
Multiple Rad52-Mediated Homology-Directed Repair Mechanisms Are Required to Prevent Telomere Attrition-Induced Senescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Most human somatic cells express insufficient levels of telomerase, which can result in telomere shortening and eventually senescence, both of which are hallmarks of ageing. Homology-directed repair (HDR) is important for maintaining proper telomere function in yeast and mammals. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rad52 is required for almost all HDR mechanisms, and telomerase-null cells senesce faster in the absence of Rad52. However, its role in preventing accelerated senescence has been unclear. In this study, we make use of rad52 separation-of-function mutants to find that multiple Rad52-mediated HDR mechanisms are required to delay senescence, including break-induced replication and sister chromatid recombination. In addition, we show that misregulation of histone 3 lysine 56 acetylation, which is known to be defective in sister chromatid recombination, also causes accelerated senescence. We propose a model where Rad52 is needed to repair telomere attrition-induced replication stress.
Fe 3 O 4 / SiO 2 / CeO 2 Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles as Photocatalyst

The Fe3O4/CeO2 magnetic photocatalyst was prepared by coating directly onto the surface of magnetic Fe3O4 particles. However a direct contact of CeO2 onto the surface of magnetic Fe3O4 particles presented unfavorable heterojunction, thus the SiO2 barrier layer between magnetic Fe3O4 and CeO2 was prepared as a core-shell stucture to reduce the negative effect by combining three steps of the hydrothermal, sonochemical and homogeneous precipitation. The high resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed that Fe3O4/SiO2/CeO2 core-shell magnetic nanoparticles exhibited core-shell structure including a magnetic Fe3O4 core, a SiO2 middle layer and CeO2 particle coating. The results of the photocatalytic activity revealed that the pseudo-first order rate constants for formic and oxalic acids degradation was increased in the following order: Fe3O4/SiO2/CeO2 core-shell magnetic nanoparticles> single-phase CeO2> Fe3O4/CeO2. SiO2 middle layer and their surface properties may cause the good photocatalytic activity of the Fe3O4/SiO2/CeO2 core-shell magnetic nanoparticles. The possible mechanism of the photoexcited electron-hole separation and transport processes was proposed based on the obtained morphology via HRTEM morphology and UV-Vis DRS results. The Fe3O4/SiO2/CeO2 core-shell magnetic nanoparticles were compared and recovered in the consecutive cycles of use by external magnetic field. The material showed good stability with regards to photocatalytic performance for three cycles of use.
Seeking Middle-Range Theories in Information Systems Research

The information systems (IS) research community continues to raise questions about the characteristics and role of theory in IS. Some suggest the preeminence and misplaced emphasis on theory distorts and limits IS research, while others suggest the manner in which theory is borrowed and adapted impedes creative and innovative theorizing. This essay describes an established mode of theorizing that results in middle range theories, which are abstract enough to allow for generalizations and useful conclusions, but close enough to observed data to be empirically validated. Theorizing in this manner holds the potential to produce novel and exciting theories, far removed from the formulaic, endless rearrangement of variables that are derived from grand theories, typically found in the bulk of IS research. After elaborating on the differences between grand theories and middle-range theories, this essay suggests several guidelines on how to build middle-range theories.
A New Tool for Identifying Research Standards and Evaluating Research Performance

Much has been written about the evaluation of faculty research productivity in promotion and tenure decisions, including many articles that seek to determine the rank of various marketing journals. Yet how faculty evaluators combine journal quality, quantity, and author contribution to form judgments of a scholar’s performance is unclear. A mathematical model of faculty judgment is presented that estimates a scholar’s research productivity that is surprisingly consistent with actual faculty evaluations. The model does not replace human judgment in evaluating a scholar’s research performance, but the model enhances clarity and objectivity in the evaluation process. The method is demonstrated with marketing faculty at one university.
Human liver regeneration: Hepatic energy economy is less efficient when the organ is diseased

Recovery of liver cell mass following hepatectomy requires a metabolic compromise between differentiated function and organ regrowth. Clinical experience has shown that hepatic failure after resection is more common when the organ is diseased. We have evaluated intracellular hepatic biochemistry in patients with normal and cirrhotic livers undergoing partial hepatectomy, using 31‐phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS). Eighteen patients were studied, half with normal liver architecture (normal group, n = 9) and half with cirrhotic parenchyma (cirrhosis group, n = 9). Magnetic resonance examinations were performed preoperatively and on postoperative days 2, 4, 6, 14, and 28. Hepatic volume (estimated by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and blood chemistries were measured at the same intervals. Following a comparable reduction in parenchymal volume, the cirrhotic group demonstrated a more sustained fall in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy state. Disturbance of membrane phospholipid metabolism and duration of acute‐phase reaction were more marked when the liver was diseased. The pattern of derangement of hepatic function, however, was similar in the two groups. Overall, the recovery process was less efficient in the cirrhotic organ, and culminated in a diminished rate and extent of the regenerative response. These outcomes indicate that liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy involves modulation of hepatic energy economy in response to changing work demands. The efficiency of this process is influenced by the histopathologic state of the organ, and in turn governs the physiologic reserve. These findings may explain the mechanism of posthepatectomy liver failure, and offer a rational basis for the assessment of novel hepatic support strategies. (HEPATOLOGY 2001;34:557‐565.)
Accumulation of Suspended Barite at Mesopelagic Depths and Export Production in the Southern Ocean

The relation between the accumulation of barite (BaSO4) microcrystals in suspended matter from the mesopelagic depth region (100 to 600 meters) and the type of production in the euphotic layer (new versus recycled) was studied for different Southern Ocean environments. Considerable subsurface barite accumulated in waters characterized by maintained new production and limited grazing pressure during the growth season. On the other hand, little if any barite accumulated in areas where relatively large amounts of photosynthetically fixed carbon were transferred to the microheterotrophic community and where recycled production became predominant.
Expression of Retinoblastoma Gene Product (pRb) in Mantle Cell Lymphomas Correlation with Cyclin D1 (PRADl/CCNDl) mRNA Levels and Proliferative Activity

DI DI is the control of the ceU cycle progression with the retinoblastoma gene of non-Hodgkin's role of the retinoblastoma the MCLs its interaction cyclin pRb in MCLs and by immunohistochemistry and Rb gene structure was in 13 by Southern blot. Cytogenetic analysis was
Are Quasi-markets in Education what the British Public Wants?

In the context of inconclusive evidence on the extrinsic successes of quasi-markets, policy defences of school choice and competition in education have often discussed the intrinsic, empowering value of choice for consumers, arguing that school choice for parents is ‘what people want’. Discourses often imply that choice is desired for its own sake rather than merely as a means by which families can escape what are deemed to be poor quality schools. Support for an idealistic, abstract notion of ‘choice’ is also taken to imply support for quasi-markets overall and is not considered alongside possible competing values that people may hold at the same time as they value choice. Additionally, views of parents are often examined without considering possible differences in views between parents and non-parents. Contributing to debates about how far a public desire exists for quasi-markets in education, this article draws on data from newly designed questions fielded as part of the 2010 British Social Attitudes survey. The article finds that while choice ‘in the abstract’ is supported widely by both parents and non-parents (albeit slightly more so by parents), a valuing of choice among the British public appears to be more instrumental than intrinsic – potentially problematic given evidence on the extrinsic benefits of quasi-markets is mixed. Support for choice is tempered among parents and non-parents by clear opposition to vouchers, school diversity, government spending on transport costs to facilitate choice and by strong support for the idea of sending children to the ‘nearest state school’.
Why the time is right for a radical paradigm shift in early powered mobility: the role of powered mobility technology devices, policy and stakeholders

Abstract This article explores the changing landscape of early pediatric powered mobility. We specifically focus on key indicators that suggest pediatric powered mobility technology (PMT) practice for very young children is poised for a radical paradigm shift. This shift will challenge the current purview of PMT design and function, how it is obtained, and its introduction to children and their families. We propose that this positive, yet radical shift is essential in achieving a standard of practice in which PMT provides for early exploration and participation for children with disabilities at an age concomitant with their non-disabled peers, and within socially inclusive environments. To sustain this new standard, we must acknowledge the significant disconnect that currently exists between clinical research supporting the use of PMT with very young children, and barriers to widespread device access, effective user-driven design and positive social perception of PMT. In this article, we discuss three areas that are particularly important for both shift and sustained change: the history and current availability of novel and conventional PMT devices, pediatric PMT policies and the role of children and families as primary stakeholders in PMT practices. Within each area, we suggest barriers, facilitators and future directions. Implications for Rehabilitation The time is right for reframing how powered mobility technology for very young children is conceived, designed, and implemented. In order for multiple innovative devices to survive in the powered mobility industry, it is important to continue to show the benefits of early powered mobility use for both traditional and non-traditional users, and also enact and enforce policy that promotes sustainable access and financial support for powered mobility technology. The experiences of children and families and the realities of everyday use of powered mobility technology must be brought to the forefront of a movement toward user-centered design. Advocacy efforts undertaken in partnership with families, clinicians, researchers, and disability communities are essential in recognizing mobility, and access to early powered mobility technology, as a human right.
Cytomegalovirus immunodiagnostics: Getting closer to personalized cytomegalovirus prevention?

Current cytomegalovirus (CMV) prevention methods in organ transplant recipients involve either universal prophylaxis, where a cohort of patients at risk for CMV infection are given preventative antiviral therapy, or pre-emptive therapy, where patients undergo routine screening in order to detect CMV infection. In addition to the deleterious effects of CMV infection and disease, the indirect effects of CMV can have a significant negative impact on transplant outcomes and may include higher rates of mortality, acute rejection, all types of infections, cardiac events, and in liver transplant recipients, high rates of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplant and possibly accelerated hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplant. In the era of personalized medicine, also known as precision medicine, contemporary CMV prevention methods, whereby many transplant recipients undergo preventative treatment and/or screening in order to prevent disease in a minority of patients, seem costly and inadequately focused on those who most need prevention. Unfortunately, our current diagnostics, primarily involving serology and viral load testing, are not very predictive of the individual risk for CMV viremia and disease. Several commercially available interferon g release assays (IGRAs) have emerged, initially for tuberculosis, and more recently for CMV. IGRAs detect T cell immunity to CMV using whole blood, based on the measurement of interferon g (IFNg) secreted from stimulated T cells previously exposed to CMV. Commercially available CMV IGRAs include the QuantiFERON-CMV (Qiagen, Germantown, MD), the T-SPOT.CMV (Oxford Immunotec, Marlborough, MA), and the T-Track CMV assay (Lophius, Regensburg, Germany). In this issue of Liver Transplantation, Sood et al. evaluate the potential for targeted individual CMV prophylaxis in seropositive liver transplant recipients, using QuantiFERON-CMV for risk stratification. They propose a clinical algorithm, using the assay results measured at 2 weeks after transplant, when the immune response starts to return; 26% (10/38) of recipients had QuantiFERON-CMV results of<0.1 IU/mL (suggestive of very low cellular immune response to CMV, thus the high-risk cohort), 80% (8/10) of whom developed CMV DNAemia (as measured by viral load) requiring treatment, which was reduced but still significant in the others with QuantiFERON-CMV>0.1 IU/mL, at 39% (11/28). Using levels of QuantiFERON-CMV of 0.1 to 0.2 IU/mL, and >0.2 IU/mL, labeled as moderate and high risk, respectively, they propose a protocol based on individualized immune responses (Fig. 6). Before transplant, 21% of patients had an absence of detectable cellular immune response to CMV by QuantiFERON-CMV measurement, as also reported by others. Although certain human leukocyte antigen types may not be covered by the antigens used in the QuantiFERON-CMV assay, and CD4 response would be missed by this assay, a negative result in more than 20% of CMV-seropositive recipients is a sizeable part of
Diarrhoeal toxin production at low temperature by selected strains of Bacillus cereus

The growth of four Bacillus cereus strains producing diarrhoeal toxin at 32°C (F4433/73 and 29.155, isolated on the occasion of foodborne outbreaks, and F4581/76L and F4581/76R, two variants of a clinical strain), a weakly toxigenic strain isolated in routine analysis of food (3505M) and an emetic isolate (F3502/73) was investigated at low temperature. Biomass was determined by protein assay. Generation times were: for strain F3502/73, which grew at [ges ]12°C, 8·71 h (at 12°C); for other strains, which grew at [ges ]10°C, 10·2 to ∼18·9 h (at 10°C). Toxin production during growth was evaluated by a commercial kit (Oxoid) and by a toxicity test on Chinese hamster ovary cells. Strains F4433/73 and F4581/76, secreting high levels of diarrhoeal toxin during the exponential phase at 32°C, produced high levels of toxicity at 10°C until the stationary phase. Strain 29.155 had decreased toxin production at 10°C. Toxicities for cellular extracts remained low when compared with culture filtrates. A correlation was found between the toxicity values given by the two detection methods tested, and the suitability of both methods for the detection of potential poisoning isolates is discussed.
The impact of horizontal and vertical connections on relationships' commitment and trust

Purpose – While an ever‐increasing body of research on business networks has commented on vertically connected relationships, this study embeds the horizontally connected relationships. Constructed on business network theories the paper aims to add more knowledge on business networks by developing a connection model including both vertical and horizontal connections. The model aims to explore the impact of connections on focal business relationships. It differentiates connected relationships on the basis of their vertical and horizontal natures. The purpose is to grasp the impact of these different connected relationships on the focal business relationship. The focal relationship elements are defined by commitment and trust, which capture their properties from the dyadic interaction and the two types of connected relationships.Design/methodology/approach – The paper tests the theoretical construction empirically. The empirical study is based on the IMP2 survey, utilizing information from extensive intervi.
Functional domains of Pho81p, an inhibitor of Pho85p protein kinase, in the transduction pathway of Pi signals in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The PHO81 gene is thought to encode an inhibitor of the negative regulators (Pho80p and Pho85p) in the phosphatase (PHO) regulon. Transcription of PHO81 is regulated by Pi signals through the same PHO regulatory system. Elimination of the PHO81 promoter or its substitution by the GAL1 promoter revealed that stimulation of the PHO regulatory system requires both increased transcription of PHO81 and a Pi starvation signal. The predicted Pho81p protein contains 1,179 amino acids (aa) and has six repeats of an ankyrin-like sequence in its central region. The minimum amino acid sequence required for Pho81p function was narrowed down to a 141-aa segment (aa 584 to 724), which contains the fifth and sixth repeats of the ankyrin-like motif. The third to sixth repeats of the ankyrin-like motif of Pho81p have significant similarities to that of p16INK4, which inhibits activity of the human cyclin D-CDK4 kinase complex. Deletion analyses revealed that the N- and C-terminal regions of Pho81p behave as negative and positive regulatory domains, respectively, for the minimal 141-aa region. The negative regulatory activity of the N-terminal domain was antagonized by a C-terminal segment of Pho81p supplied in trans. All four known classes of PHO81c mutations that show repressible acid phosphatase activity in high-Pi medium affect the N-terminal half of Pho81p. An in vitro assay showed that a glutathione S-transferase-Pho81p fusion protein inhibits the Pho85p protein kinase. Association of Pho81p with Pho85p or with the Pho80p-Pho85p complex was demonstrated by the two-hybrid system.
Enhancing occupational health and safety in young workers: the role of social marketing

� Young workers (age 15–24) suffer work-related injury at a much higher rate than older workers, yet research on the role and effectiveness of social marketing to influence and improve workplace safety is limited. � A review of the relevant literature reveals that significant gaps exist in terms of effectively using social marketing to reduce young worker injury rates. � A comprehensive, multi-faceted social marketing approach is required to address young worker safety. � Directing more attention toward the practice of social marketing can enhance the effectiveness of campaigns to reduce workplace injuries. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.