Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of human recombinant interferon-α2a (rhIFN-α2a) on altered lymphocyte subpopulations and monocytes in Behçet's disease

Objective. In Behcet's disease (BD), several abnormalities of lymphocyte subpopulations have been described. Standard treatment comprises immunosuppressive drugs. We successfully treated 50 patients with ocular BD with interferon-a2a (IFN-a2a) (response rate 92%), although this is counterintuitive because IFN-a is immunostimulatory and can sometimes even induce autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the immunomodulatory effects that IFN-a might exert on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in BD by examining changes in the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations under IFN-a2a treatment. Methods. Fourteen patients with ocular BD were evaluated before and at weeks 4 and 24 of IFN-a treatment and compared with 10 healthy controls. PBMC were stained with monoclonal antibodies and measured by flow cytometry. Results. Compared with the controls there is a significant elevation of monocytes (CD14 Q ), CD8 Q /cd T cells, CD3 Q /cd T cells, natural killer (NK) cells (CD56 Q /CD16 Q ) and activated/regulatory T cells (CD4 Q /CD25 Q and CD8 Q /CD25 Q ) in patients with active BD before treatment with IFN-a2a. Numbers of naive T cells (CD8 Q /CD45 Q RA Q /RO - , CD4 Q /CD45 Q RA Q /RO - ) were significantly lower. Under therapy, NK cells, CD8 Q /cd T cells and CD3 Q /cd T cells decreased significantly, whereas B cells increased. The previously reduced expression of HLA class I on monocytes in HLA- B51-positive patients rose to levels comparable to HLA-B51-negative patients. Conclusion. These results implicate the participation of NK cells and cd T cells, especially CD8 Q /cd T cells, in the pathogenesis of BD and may explain one mechanism by which IFN-a2a exerts therapeutic effects. Alternatively, they may result indirectly from remission induction by IFN-a2a. The reduced expression of HLA class I on monocytes in HLA-B*51-positive patients might reflect an impaired expression of and antigen presentation by HLA-B*51.
Production of Fungal Laccase under Solid State Bioprocessing of Agroindustrial Waste and Its Application in Decolourization of Synthetic Dyes

Fungal laccases are preferred due to high redox potentials and low substrate specificity to xenobiotics including synthetic dyes. For large-scale applications, low enzyme yield and high cost of production has remained the challenge. Agroindustrial waste such as saw-dust of Terminalia superba abounds locally and was utilized as low-cost alternative substrate for laccase production in Solid State Bioprocessing (SSB) using Trametes sp. isolate G31. The study optimized laccase production using various parameters. Optimal production of laccase was at pH 5.0 - 7.0 with 2356 U/mL - 2369 U/mL and 25°C (2336 U/mL). Among the sources of nitrogen and carbon tested, laccase production in ammonium sulphate and sucrose supplemented media were higher. The effect of activators on laccases production showed that Cu2+ and Ca2+induced high titres of laccase at 4 -5 mM and 2 - 4 mM respectively, while production of laccase by Mn2+ was significantly high at 40 mM. The effect of 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol and varatryl alcohol on laccase production was significantly different especially in glycerol. Optimum production for laccase was on day 14 with 2356 U/mL followed by steady declined up to day 34. The purified laccase had a specific activity of 5008 µmol/min/mg, purification factor of 3.85, and a molecular mass of ~40 kDa using N-PAGE. The potential of crude laccase to decolourize diverse dyes was tested. Phenol red achieved 40% decolourization for 1hr, while RBBR (93%), Crystal violet (60%), Methylene blue (53%) and Congo red (51%) for 24 hr, 72 hr, 48 hr and 120 hr respectively. Methyl red and Malachite green attained 42% (72 hr) and 32% (48 hr) decolourization. The enzyme ability to oxidize Phenol red and other synthetic dyes without mediators made it eco-friendly in treating dye wastewaters.
The Response of Bronchial Associated Lymphoid Tissue to Intratracheal Administration of Peste des Petit Ruminants Virus and its Co-Infection with Mannheimia hemolytica in Goats

Es escaso en la literatuta el conocimiento de la morfometria del tejido linfoide asociado a bronquios (BALT) y su posible exploracion para el control de la neumonia viral comun, pneumonia bacteriana y su co-infeccion en el ganado caprino subsahariano. Esta investigacion utilizo tejidos archivados pertenecientes a 35 cabras enanas del oeste africano aparentemente sanas, que fueron divididas en grupos PPRV y PPRV+MH con 15 cabras cada uno, mientras que 5 cabras sirvieron como control. Las cabras PPRV fueron infectadas por via intratraqueal con 1 ml de cultivo puro 106,5 TCID50 PPR virus Peste de Pequenos Rumiantes (PPRV) cultivados en lineas celulares renales de hamsters recien nacidos y PPRV+MH con 1 ml de PPRV y una semana despues de 1 ml de MH (Mannheimia haemolytica) A2. El numero de BALT, tipo y la celularidad se determinaron utilizando metodos estandar con el uso de un analizador de imagenes. Se utilizo la prueba t de Student para probar las diferencias significativas. Los resultados mostraron que el numero promedio de BALT fue significativamente mayor en la infeccion PPRV+MH que la infeccion PPRV, es decir, 6,20±3,63 para PPRV+MH y 4,11±2,92 para PPRV con un BALT principalmente de tipo nodular (8,01±1,83) que de tipo agregado (4,3±1,50), mientras que el numero promedio de linfocitos en el BALT nodular y agregado aumento significativamente con 82,25±15,95 y 56,00±7,28 en PPRV y, 103,33±44,10 y 66,00±7,93 en PPRV+MH respectivamente. No hubo un patron irregular en el area de superficie y perimetro del BALT despues de las infecciones. El aumento en el numero promedio de BALT y linfocitos en la infeccion PPRV+MH comparado con la de infeccion PPRV mostro que el desarrollo de BALT y el numero de linfocitos en BALT podria ser utilizado para evaluar la inmunidad de la mucosa despues de la administracion intratraqueal de PPRV+MH en cabras. Este es el primer estudio que describe la morfometria del tejido linfoide asociado a bronquios en la infeccion experimental de PPRV y PPRV+MH en cabras subsaharianas.
Salt in the desert: A comparison of clinical versus serum‐calculated osmolality determination of dehydration

Background: Clinicians frequently use their own judgement to assess patient's hydration status although there is limited evidence for the diagnostic utility of any individual clinical symptom. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of clinically assessed dehydration in older hospital patients (using multiple symptoms), versus dehydration measured using serum‐calculated osmolality (CO) as the reference standard. Method: Participants were 44 hospital patients aged ≥ 60 years. Dehydration was assessed clinically and pathologically (CO) within 24 hours of admission and at study exit. Indicators of diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Results: Clinicians identified 27% of patients as dehydrated at admission, and 19% at exit, compared to 19% and 16% using CO. Agreement between the measures was fair at admission and poor at exit. Clinical assessment showed poor sensitivity for predicting dehydration with reasonable specificity. Conclusions: Compared to the use of CO, clinical assessment of dehydration in older patients was poor. Given that failure to identify dehydration in this population may have serious consequences, we recommend that clinicians do not rely upon their own assessments without also using the reference standard.
Functionality and dynamics of deposited metal nanoclusters

Nanoclusters zijn deeltjes die bestaan uit enkele tientallen tot enkele duizenden atomen. Ze worden gemaakt door het laten condenseren van atomen in een vacuumsysteem en vormen een toestand die tussen het losse atoom en materie in bulkvorm in zit. Vergeleken met die beide andere toestanden heeft het nanocluster afwijkende eigenschappen. Een oorzaak is het aantal atomen dat aan de buitenkant van het deeltje zit. Dat is relatief groot en een atoom aan de buitenkant van een deeltje kan meer bindingen aangaan dan een atoom binnenin, want dat wordt volledig omringd door andere atomen. Een tweede belangrijk verschil komt voort uit de afmetingen van het cluster. Die kunnen kleiner zijn dan een bepaalde kritieke lengteschaal waar beneden een fysisch verschijnsel drastisch verandert. Siete Koch beschrijft in zijn proefschrift de eigenschappen van nanoclusters van verschillende metalen die hij met geavanceerde microscopische technieken onderzocht.
LA VEGETAZIONE DELLA VALLE PESIO (ALPI MARITTIME)

RIASSUNTO L'A. studia la vegetazione della Valle Pesio, nelle Alpi Marittime. Nella prima parte del lavoro, dopo aver illustrato brevemente le caratteristiche oroidrografiche e geologiche, l'A. si sofferma sulle condizioni climatiche della valle, ampliando i dati forniti da SAPPA e PIOVANO (1947 e 1950) come premessa allo studio floristico della Val Pesio. Dimostra l'esistenza di un clima prevalentemente suboceanico con incremento progressivo di oceanicita nel piano montano coll'aumentare dell'altitudine. Nella seconda parte, esposti la metodologia ed i criteri di interpretazione seguiti nello studio della vegetazione, sulla base delle fascie di vegetazione, e premesso un breve prospetto storico ed epiontologico delle principali fascie di vegetazione interessanti direttamente od indirettamente la Valle Pesio, l'A. passa a studiare le fascie di vegetazione presenti nella valle e le comunita vegetali ad esse riferibili, e considera: Fascia Laurocerasus, fascia Quercus Ilex, fascia Quercus pubescens e fascia.
Tonal Fan-Noise Radiation From Aero-Engine Bypass With Serrated End Treatments

Chevrons, which are also known as serrations, are initially developed to suppress jet noise radiating from aero-engine nozzles. The associated fluid mechanics are already well known. Compared with jet noise, turbomachinery fan noise has become relatively more important along with the ever-increasing bypass ratio. However, it is still unclear whether the trailing-edge chevrons on the bypass duct would attenuate fan noise and, if the answer is yes, what is the associated mechanism. In this work, we first use a theoretical model based on the Wiener–Hopf method to rapidly conduct parametric studies across a number of different setups. The results from such a theoretical model suggest that the chevrons are also effective in the reduction of fan noise scattering. Next, we perform high-fidelity computational fluid and acoustic simulations for a realistic aero-engine with some representative setups, and the results further confirm the effectiveness of chevrons. Both analytical and numerical results show the associated noise control mechanism, that is, chevrons would induce acoustic mode conversion (especially from low modes to high modes), which shall further result in evanescent waves in the radial direction and the final noise reduction at various radiation angles. The findings may find applications in the next-generation low-noise aero-engine design.
Supervision and assessment of student teachers : a journey of discovery for mentors in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

Supervision and assessment are viewed as key aspects of the work done by mentors engaged in mentoring pre-service student teachers in Zimbabwe. Mentors who understand their roles are in a better position to guide and support student teachers in their professional Development. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the views of mentors on their supervision and assessment roles on student teachers on Teaching Practice in the Bulawayo urban primary schools. The descriptive survey design was used on a sample of 94 mentors who were mentoring students from three teachers' colleges. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the data which was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that most mentors were comfortable with the supervision and assessment of student teachers using their intuition and common sense as they had not attended any workshops on mentoring. Mentors expected a high level of conformity by prescribing teaching methods to their mentees. willingness to mentor was not considered as a critical issue when school heads appointed mentors. The study recommends that teachers' colleges should train mentors on supervisory skills that promote reflection in student teachers. 'Mentoring' as a module (course) should be taught to preservice student teachers.
Selective Conduction of Organic Molecules via Free-Standing Graphene

A race is held between 10 species of organic gas molecules on a graphene substrate driven by thermal gradients via molecular dynamics. Fast conduction of the molecules is observed with selectivity for aromatic compounds. This selectivity stems from the fact that the planar structure of the aromatic molecule helps in maintaining a shorter distance to the substrate, which is the key to the driving force at the gas–solid interface. The drift velocity monotonically increases with decreasing molecular density, with no accelerating transport observable even for a single molecule. A nonlinear regime is discovered for the conduction of benzene molecules under large thermal gradients. At low temperature, molecules aggregated and moved collectively along a specific path in the graphene substrate.
The Health Survey for England

Compounds of the formula; WHEREIN R1 is alkyl or aryl; R2 is aryl; and R3 is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, carboalkoxyl, cyano, and the like. These compounds are indicated in the management of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Efficiency of change-point tests

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Time, Space, and Motion in Braid

This article (1) analyzes the computer game Braid with regard to the TIME IS SPACE/MOTION metaphor and the multimodal approach, (2) links the possibilities of such a study to the existing studies of temporality in video games, and (3) explores the link between the game’s narrative and its gameplay mechanics based on the TIME IS SPACE/MOTION metaphor. The theoretical section briefly overviews conceptual metaphor theory, the TIME IS SPACE/MOTION metaphor, multimodality, CMT in video games, time in video games, and several studies related to the game. The main section investigates Braid so as to evaluate the ways in which the TIME IS SPACE/MOTION metaphor operates within each of the game worlds and how this affects the narrative and the gameplay. The complex, unconventional relations existing among time, space, motion, and causality result in a unique coupling between the narrative and the use of the TIME IS SPACE/MOTION metaphor.
High-Yield Gross Anatomy

1. The Verterbral Column i. The Verterbral Column ii. Radiology 2. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves i. Structure of the Spinal Cord ii. Vascular Supply of the Spinal Cord iii. The Spinal Nerve iv. Dermatomes v. Major Tracts of the Spinal Cord vi. Clinical Considerations vii. Clinical Procedures viii. Radiology 3. Chest Wall i. Breast ii. Anterior Chest Wall iii. Lateral Chest Wall iv. Posterior Chest Wall v. Mediastinum vi. Radiology 4. Pleura, Tracheobronchial Tree, and Lungs i. The Pericardium ii. Surface of the Heart iii. Borders of the Heart iv. Blood Supply v. Venous Drainage vi. Valves and Auscultation Sites vii. Conduction System viii. Neural Regulation of the Heart ix. Clinical Considerations x. Cross-Sectional Anatomy 5. The Heart i. The Pericardium ii. Surfaces of the Heart iii. Borders of the Heart iv. Blood Supply v. Venous Drainage vi. Valves and Ausculation Sites vii. Conduction System viii. Neural Regulation of the Heart ix. Clinical Considerations x. Cross-Sectional Anatomy 6. Abdominal Wall i. Abdominal Regions ii. Clinical Procedures iii. Inguinal Region iv. Scrotum 7. Peritoneal Cavity i. Peritoneal Cavity ii. Omentum iii. Intraperitoneal and Extraperitoneal Viscera 8. Abdominal Vasculature i. Abdominal Aorta ii. Venous Drainage of the Abdomen iii. Hepatic Portal System 9. Abdominal Viscera i. Esophagus ii. Stomach iii. Duodenum iv. Jejunum, Ileum, and Large Intestine v. Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Biliary Ducts, and Bile vi. Liver vii. Pancreas vii. Cross-Sectional Anatomy ix. Radiology 10. Sigmoid Colon, Rectum, and Anal Canal i. Sigmoid Colon ii. Rectum iii. Anal Canal iv. Defecation Reflex v. Radiology 11. Spleen i. Anatomy and Function ii. Clinical Considerations iii. Radiology 12. Urinary System i. Kidney ii. Ureters iii. Urinary Bladder iv. Urethra v. Micturition Reflex vi. Radiology 13. Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands i. General Features ii. Adrenal Cortex iii. Adrenal Medulla iv. Radiology 14. Female Reproductive System i. Ovaries ii. Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes iii. Uterus iv. Vagina v. External Genitalia vi. Radiology 15. Male Reproductive System i. Testes ii. Epididymis iii. Ductus Deferens iv. Contents of the Spermatic Cord v. Seminal Vesicle vi. Prostrate Gland vii. External Genitalia viii. Radiology 16. Pelvis i. Bony Pelvis ii. Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramina iii. Pelvic Inlet iv. Pelvic Outlet v. support of the Pelvic Organs vi. Clinical Considerations vii. Radiology 17. Perineum i. Perineum ii. Deep Perineal Space iii. Superficial Perineal Space 18. Upper Limb i. Arterial Supply ii. Collateral Circulation iii. Clinical Considerations iv. Components of the Brachial Plexus v. Nerve Lesions vi. Shoulder Region vii. Elbow Region viii. Wrist and Hand Region ix. Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Right Arm and Forearm 19. Lower Limb i. Arterial Supply ii. Venous Drainage iii. Lumbosacral Plexus iv. Nerve Lesions v. Hip and Gluteal Region vi. Knee Region vii. Ankle and Foot Region viii. Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Left Thi
New insights in the horizon for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A proposal based on experimental study

The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic efficacy of Salvia triloba and Piper nigrum total extract in modulation of neuroinflammation insults characteristic for Alzheimer's disease in experimental rat model. Male Sprague Dawley rats were classified into five groups: (1), control group; (2), ADinduced group which was orally administered with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in a dose of 17 mg/kg b. wt. daily for one month; (3), AD-induced group which was treated orally with rivastigmine in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg b. wt. daily for three months; (4), AD-induced group divided into two subgroups each subgroup was treated orally with one of the selected medicinal plants extract in a dose of 750 mg/kg b. wt. for Salvia triloba L. and 187.5 mg/kg b. wt. for Piper nigrum daily for three months and (5), AD-induced group was divided into two subgroups each subgroup was treated orally with one of the selected medicinal plants extract in a dose of 375 mg/kg b. wt. for Salvia triloba L. and 93.75 mg/kg b. wt. for Piper nigrum daily for three months. Brain and serum acetycholinesterase activity (AchE), Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl 2) levels were detected. Histological investigations of brain sections of all studied groups were also carried out. The results showed that administration of AlCl3 resulted in significant elevation in brain and serum AchE, COX 2 and LTB4 levels accompanied with significant depletion in brain and serum Bcl 2 level. Histological investigations of the brain of rats administered AlCl3 showed the appearance of amyloid plaques characterizing AD. While, treatment of rats with the selected medicinal plant total extract caused marked improvement in the measured biochemical parameters as well as in the histological features of the brain. In conclusion, Salvia triloba and Piper nigrum have a potent antiinflammatory as well as antiapoptotic effects against neuroinflammation insults characterizing Alzheimer’s disease.
Scheduling and dropping algorithms to support integrated services in packet-switched networks

It is becoming increasingly important to support applications with diverse performance objectives on a single packet-switched network. The efficiency of a network with such diverse traffic depends upon the scheduling and dropping algorithms operating within the queues that form at network access points, and in switches throughout the network. To evaluate scheduling algorithms, we first present an optimal algorithm for scheduling two types of traffic in a single queue: those with objectives based on loss rate or mean delay. This algorithm minimizes weighted loss rate and weighted mean delay, where weights reflect the relative importance of packets. Although not practical for implementation, the algorithm serves as a standard for comparison with which the performance of other scheduling algorithms can be evaluated. Our algorithm is more general and of lower computational complexity than previously published algorithms, enabling us to evaluate performance in important scenarios that could not previously have been considered. Comparison of this algorithm's performance with that of first-come-first-served, static priority, and earliest deadline first reveals limitations of each, suggesting that network efficiency could be improved with more sophisticated scheduling. We then propose such a scheduling algorithm, as well as a dropping algorithm. Arbitrary performance objectives are represented in the form of cost functions, which map the queueing delay experienced by each packet to a cost incurred. Our algorithms, cost-based scheduling (CBS) and cost-based dropping (CBD), then optimize network performance as perceived by the applications by minimizing the total cost incurred by all packets. Through simulation, it is demonstrated that network efficiency is better with these algorithms than with the common alternatives. The relative effectiveness of sophisticated scheduling versus sophisticated dropping as a means of improving performance is also investigated. The disadvantage of sophisticated scheduling algorithms like CBS is that they are difficult and therefore expensive to implement, possibly to the point of infeasibility. We demonstrate the feasibility of implementing sophisticated scheduling algorithms like CBS in high-speed packet-switched networks by presenting appropriate underlying architectures. Since some simplification of the algorithm may be necessary to facilitate implementation, the resulting performance degradation is investigated.
High CO2 Adsorption on Amine-Functionalized Improved Mesoporous Silica Nanotube as an Eco-Friendly Nanocomposite

New improved mesoporous nanocomposite CO2 adsorbents IMSiNTs-PEI (IMP) were synthesized by improved pretreatment of natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and impregnation of improved mesoporous silica nanotubes (IMSiNTs) with polyethylenimine (PEI). The new improved mesoporous morphology remained the same as the HNTs morphology, but the specific surface area (340.61 m2/g) and pore volume (0.499 m3/g) after treatment, respectively, were about 7 times and 2.5 times more than those values for HNTs. The results indicate that more active groups were created on the IMSiNTs surface compared with HNTs. Also, an adsorption apparatus was used for analyzing the impact of various ranges of pressure, temperature, and loaded PEI amount on adsorption capacity. The results showed an increase in uptake capacity with increasing pressure and also a decrease in uptake capacity with increasing temperature exhibiting that the nature of the processes is exothermic. On the other hand, the proper PEI dispersion inside the IMSiNTs c.