Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RETINAL HAEMORRHAGES IN THE NEWBORN

AIM: To study incidence of retinal haemorrhaes in newborn. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe record of mother was done as age, parity,obstetric history,past medical history,drug intake history. The babies were examined with birth weight, mode of delivery, weight, maturity. RESULT:-The greater incidence of retinal haemmorrhages were noted in preterm and post term babies as compared to normal babies. INTRODUCTION: Retinal haemorrhages in the newborn are a fairly common occurrence with estimates of their frequency ranging from 2.6% reported by Chace et al (1950) to 50% of all births as reported by Vancea (1941). The credit for first recording and illustrating retinal haemorrhages in the newborn goes to Von Jaeger (1861). Subsequently several observers have studied its incidence and its correlation with various factors to arrive at a probable mechanism of causation. Thus, a spate of studies has sought to ascribe it to a capillary fragility, the Rh factor, lack of substances of retinal haemorrhages in newborns and to assess the importance of various factors like parity, mode of delivery, duration of labour etc. in their causation. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the incidence of retinal haemorrhage in the newborns born. 2. To correlate the incidence of retinal haemorrhage with maternal factors such as party, drug intake, anaemia, toxaemia, blood group, systemic disease etc. The mode of delivery and duration of labour and focal factors such as Aoxia, weight of baby, maturity etc. Historical Background: Jaeger in 1861, is generally credited, as the first clinician to report retinal haemorrhages in the newborn, shortly after the introduction of the direct opthalmoscope. Frequency of Occurrence: Systemic studies of the eye grounds on large numbers of newborn infants leave no doubt concerning the frequency of retinal haemorrhages. Estimates of the frequency of their occurrence vary from 2.6% (Chace et al, 1950),1 to 50% (Vancea 1941),2 of all births. There has been no apparent increase in skill in observation or decline in frequency with change in obstetric technique or perinatal care. The following studies show frequency of retinal haemorrhgaes Falls and jurrow (1946)3=32.4%, cook and glasscock (1951)4=4.8%, Giles (1960)5=40%, kauffman’s,6 study was remarkable in that it extended over a period of twenty-five years, 1931 to 1956, in which he observed a varying incidence of retinal haemorrhages ranging from 14.1 to 25.2% with an average of 18.2% in different years. Baum and Bulpitt,7 in their study found thirty-three infants out of two hundred and thirty examined had retinal haemorrhages which was bilateral in twenty cases. In the thirteen unilateral cases the haemorrhages were smaller and less extensive. DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2015/1166
Online repatronage intention: an empirical study among Malaysian experienced online shoppers

Purpose – Prior studies mostly investigate initial shopping intention in developed countries. The purpose of this paper is to sketch and determine the impact of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived value (PV), trust (TRT), perceived risk (PR), privacy concern (PC), internet literacy (IL), satisfaction (SAT) on online repatronage intention (ORI) among Malaysian experienced online shoppers. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 219 valid questionnaires were collected via an online survey among experienced online shoppers across young and old students aged 18-31. Subsequently, the two-step structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was employed to empirically examine the proposed integrative theoretical research framework and model fit with maximum likelihood estimation. Findings – The statistical analyses support the relationships between PU, PV, TRT and SAT with ORI while the relationships between PEOU, PR, PC and IL with ORI were rejected in which all the factors affect.
System Analyses Driving Improved Aerothermodynamic Lay-Out Of The SpaceLiner Configuration

The revolutionary ultrafast passenger transport SpaceLiner is under investigation at DLR since 2005. The two-stage, fully reusable vehicle is powered by rocket engines. The maximum achieved velocity, depending on the configuration or mission type, is beyond 6.5 km/s putting some challenging aerothermal requirements on the vehicle. At the lower end of the speed-range, the SpaceLiner should have the smallest possible flight velocity for landing with an acceptable angle of attack. The focus of the paper is on all system aspects including the SpaceLiner’s flight performance which have an impact on the aerodynamic configuration. A preliminary sizing of both stages’s passive TPS is done. At the vehicle’s leading edges heat fluxes and hence equilibrium temperatures temporarily reach excessive values requiring advanced active transpiration cooling. An experimental campaign is run at the DLR arc-heated facility to increase the TRL of this promising cooling technology. An aerodynamic shape optimization taking into account trim drag aspects and latest status of the vehicle design and flight profile is described.
Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil and Agricultural Crops Grown in theProvince of Asahi India Glass Ltd., Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India

This investigation was aimed to assess the heavy metals accumulation in soil and agricultural crops viz., Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) irrigated with glass industry effluent. The glass industry effluent was considerably loaded with various plant nutrients and heavy metals. The effluent irrigation significantly (P Pb>Cd>Mn>Zn>Cu>Fe for B. juncea, Zn>Cd>Cu>Cr>Pb>Fe>Mn for T. aestivum and Zn>Cu>Cd>Fe>Mn>Pb>Cr for H. vulgare irrigated with glass industry effluent. The translocation of different metals in different parts i.e. root, stem, leaves and fruits were observed in the order of leaves > stem > root > fruit for Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn; stem > leaves > root > fruit for Cd, root > stem > leaves > fruit for Cr in B. juncea, T. aestivum and H. vulgare irrigated with glass industry effluent. Therefore, glass industry effluent irrigation added heavy metals in the soil and B. juncea, T. aestivum and H. vulgare.
Direct observation of a coil-to-helix contraction triggered by vinculin binding to talin

Mechanical force regulates talin-vinculin association and defines an optimal binding range. Vinculin binds unfolded talin domains in focal adhesions, which recruits actin filaments to reinforce the mechanical coupling of this organelle. However, it remains unknown how this interaction is regulated and its impact on the force transmission properties of this mechanotransduction pathway. Here, we use magnetic tweezers to measure the interaction between vinculin head and the talin R3 domain under physiological forces. For the first time, we resolve individual binding events as a short contraction of the unfolded talin polypeptide caused by the reformation of the vinculin-binding site helices, which dictates a biphasic mechanism that regulates this interaction. Force favors vinculin binding by unfolding talin and exposing the vinculin-binding sites; however, the coil-to-helix contraction introduces an energy penalty that increases with force, defining an optimal binding regime. This mechanism implies that the talin-vinculin-actin association could operate as a negative feedback mechanism to stabilize force on focal adhesions.
Counting basic-irreducible factors mod pk in deterministic poly-time and p-adic applications

Finding an irreducible factor, of a polynomial f(x) modulo a prime p, is not known to be in deterministic polynomial time. Though there is such a classical algorithm that counts the number of irreducible factors of f mod p. We can ask the same question modulo prime-powers pk. The irreducible factors of f mod pk blow up exponentially in number; making it hard to describe them. Can we count those irreducible factors mod pk that remain irreducible mod p? These are called basic-irreducible. A simple example is in f = x2 + px mod p2; it has p many basic-irreducible factors. Also note that, x2 + p mod p2 is irreducible but not basic-irreducible! We give an algorithm to count the number of basic-irreducible factors of f mod pk in deterministic poly(deg(f), k log p)-time. This solves the open questions posed in (Cheng et al, ANTS'18 & Kopp et al, Math.Comp.'19). In particular, we are counting roots mod pk; which gives the first deterministic poly-time algorithm to compute Igusa zeta function of f. Also, our algorithm efficiently partitions the set of all basic-irreducible factors (possibly exponential) into merely deg(f)-many disjoint sets, using a compact tree data structure and split ideals.
Effect of music (Brahms lullaby) and non-nutritive sucking on heel lance in preterm infants: A randomized controlled crossover trial

Abstract Objectives This study examined a more effective pain management method, without sucrose, on heel lance in preterm infants using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP). Design In a nonblinded, randomized controlled, two-period, two-sequence crossover trial, 25 infants were randomly allocated to intervention (a Brahms lullaby with non-nutritive sucking, facilitated tucking and holding) or standard care (facilitated tucking and holding). Setting Local Perinatal Medical Centre’s NICU in Japan, July 2014 until June 2015. Outcome measures The primary outcome variable was PIPP, and secondary outcomes were heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation, and abnormal HR (> baseline mean plus 2 SDs, or <120 minus 2 SDs). Results The infants were 33.8 weeks gestational age at birth, 1,983.7 g birth weight, and 32 to 35 weeks postconceptual age. At all 10 measurement points, constructed of every 30 seconds postheel lance, mean PIPP of infants during the intervention (3.6 to 2.4) was significantly lower than during the standard care (8.0 to 4.6) (range, P=0.0039 to P<0.0001). All PIPP reduction rates from the 30 seconds point were similar between the two groups. The HR of preterm infants at the 120 seconds points were significantly lower (P=0.0151), and the HRs of 6 points were considerably lower during the intervention than during the standard care (range, P≤0.0879 to P≥0.049). The abnormal HR total number was significantly lower during the intervention (2) than the standard care (23) (frequency ratio=0.087, P<0.0001). Conclusion This method demonstrated stronger analgesia, early pain relief, and maintenance of homeostasis on heel lance in preterm infants.
Gut Microbiome Biomarkers in Adolescent Obesity: a Regional Study

Purpose This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota in obese Shenzhen adolescents, and evaluate the influence of gender on BMI-related differences in the gut microbiome. Methods Physical examinations, blood pressure measurement, serological assay, and body composition evaluation were conducted on two-hundred and five adolescents from Shenzhen. Fecal microbiome composition was profiled via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A Random Forest (RF) classifier model was built to distinguish the BMI categories based on the gut bacterial composition. Results Fifty-six taxa consisting mainly of Firmicutes were identified that having significant associations with BMI; two OTUs belonging to Ruminococcaceae and one belonging to Lachnospiraceae had relatively strong positive correlations with body fate rate, waistline, and most of serum biochemical parameters. Based on the 56 BMI-associated OTUs, the RF model showed a robust classification accuracy (AUC 0.96) for predicting the obese phenotype. Gender-specific differences in the gut microbiome composition was obtained, and a lower relative abundance of Odoribacter was particularly found in obese boys. Functional analysis revealed a deficiency in bacterial gene contents related to PPAR signaling pathway in obese subjects for both genders; significantly lower levels of adipocytokine signaling pathway and ethylbenzene degradation were particularly detected in obese girls. Conclusions This study revealed unique features of gut microbiome in terms of microbial composition and metabolic functions in obese Shenzhen adolescents. The effect of geographical location, age and gender on the gut microbiome should be carefully considered in case–control studies.
Determinants of farmers’ perception about climate change in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

Climate change is a global environmental threat to almost all economic sectors, especially the agricultural sector and Pakistan is no exception to these threats. In Pakistan, farmers are the primary stakeholders in agriculture and are more at risk due to climatic vulnerability. This study, therefore examined farmers’ perception about climate change across four agro-climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. A total of 210 farmers were selected through multistage random sampling technique and interviewed by using a well-designed interview schedule. The study results revealed that maize and wheat were the two main crops cultivated by 99.05% and 97.14% respondents, respectively. Among the total targeted respondents, 89.52% respondents reported an increase in temperature, whereas 79.05% observed decrease in rainfall in the province. The logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess factors influencing farmers’ perceptions of climate change. The analysis revealed that 89.52%of farmers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa had a perception that climate was changing. In this respect, age, educations, household size, farming experience and farm income were recorded having statistically significant effect on the probability of the respondents to perceive climate change. It is concluded that mean temperature was increased, while a significant decrease was noted in annual precipitation. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that policy makers should devise policies helping the farmers in coping with changing climate to avoid adverse effects of climatic pattern on overall crop yield. Agricultural extension and meteorological department should work together to forecast weather conditions and transfer the required information and mitigation strategies to the target farming community.
Mitochondria as Potential Targets and Initiators of the Blue Light Hazard to the Retina

Commercially available white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have an intense emission in the range of blue light, which has raised a range of public concerns about their potential risks as retinal hazards. Distinct from other visible light components, blue light is characterized by short wavelength, high energy, and strong penetration that can reach the retina with relatively little loss in damage potential. Mitochondria are abundant in retinal tissues, giving them relatively high access to blue light, and chromophores, which are enriched in the retina, have many mitochondria able to absorb blue light and induce photochemical effects. Therefore, excessive exposure of the retina to blue light tends to cause ROS accumulation and oxidative stress, which affect the structure and function of the retinal mitochondria and trigger mitochondria-involved death signaling pathways. In this review, we highlight the essential roles of mitochondria in blue light-induced photochemical damage and programmed cell death in the retina, indicate directions for future research and preventive targets in terms of the blue light hazard to the retina, and suggest applying LED devices in a rational way to prevent the blue light hazard.
A Lower Bound on the Expected Distortion of Joint Source-Channel Coding

We consider the classic joint source-channel coding problem of transmitting a memoryless source over a memoryless channel. The focus of this work is on the long-standing open problem of finding the rate of convergence of the smallest attainable expected distortion to its asymptotic value, as a function of the blocklength <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Our main result is that in general the convergence rate is not faster than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n^{-1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In particular, we show that for the problem of transmitting i.i. d uniform bits over a binary symmetric channels with Hamming distortion, the smallest attainable distortion (bit error rate) is at least <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega (n^{-1/2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> above the asymptotic value, if the “bandwidth expansion ratio” is above 1.
Breeds and Breeding System of Indigenous and Crossbred Goats in Nepal

Goats are the indispensable component of rural economy in Nepal where 10.98 million goats accounting for 45.3% of total ruminants contribute to 20.3% of the total meat production and 49.2 million US dollar in the national economy. Being popular as “poor man’s cow” and “living cheque,” they significantly contribute to food, nutritional, and economic security of the marginalized farmers creating employment opportunities in the country. This chapter has tried to review the existing breeds, their breeding systems, challenges and way forward to enhance production and productivity of goats. Findings revealed that Nepal is endowed with four major indigenous genetic resources of goats and their crosses with Boer, Jamnapari, Barbari, Sirohi, etc. Occasionally, native goat breeds of Nepal were crossed with Kiko and Damascus as well. Breeding of goats in Nepal is mainly based on selection, pure breeding within indigenous flock, and crossbreeding to the available exotic breeds. There have been some biotechnological approaches applied in goat breeding and evaluation of native breeds. Estrus synchronization followed by artificial insemination is currently being practiced. Goats, being the most popular and easy source of household income and family nutrition in Nepal, could be the important source of national revenue provided with improved breeding and other husbandry practices. Chyangra in the haplogroup B2 in their genetic four mtDNA haplogroups of domestic goats. no between the geographic regions of and relationships among goat These sequences were compared with published data of other domestic goats from neighboring countries India, Pakistan, and China) to determine the relationship of Nepalese goats among goat resources of the region. The study revealed certain level of gene flow among the neighboring goat populations. The complex mtDNA diversity and structure identified among indigenous Nepalese goats can be explained by the gene flow through ancient trading and current “free” movement of goats from/to the geographic vicinities in India and China.
Using Organismic Integration Theory to Explore the Associations Between Users' Exercise Motivations and Fitness Technology Feature Set Use

Wearable devices and applications (apps) that offer a variety of features intended to support exercisers have flooded the marketplace. Organismic integration theory (OIT) proposes that motivations to exercise can vary along a spectrum of self-determination. To best serve exercisers and assist organizations that are developing and promoting fitness technologies, we need a better understanding of how individuals’ exercise motivations influence their fitness technology feature set use. We also need to determine the impact of fitness technology features on enhancing or undermining wellness outcomes—such as subjective vitality. Our results suggest that almost every subtype of exerciser, where the subtype is defined by OIT motivations toward exercise, has a unique use profile. Our findings also suggest that the social interaction and data management features of current fitness technologies show promise in assisting well-being outcomes, but only for the more self-determined and amotivated subtypes of exercisers. This leads us to suggest that providing every type of exerciser the motivational support that best fits their motivational profile may not be a trivial task, but it ultimately may be necessary for fitness technologies to be universally useful in supporting wellness outcomes.
The effect of nursery measures on mycorrhizal colonisation of Scots pine and occurrence of soil mites

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of organic fertilization (treated sewage sludge with addition of bark or sawdust) and mulching (forest edaphon inoculation) on the vitality of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings and their mycorrhizal structure, as well as the occurrence of soil mites (Acari). Nursery experiments were carried out in 2005 to 2007. It was stated that the studied factors influenced seedling vigour, mycorrhizal colonization, soil properties and the occurrence of mites. Key words: Pinus sylvestris L. , mycorrhiza, Acari, mulching, fertilization
The Determinants & Excessiveness of Current Account Deficits in Eastern Europe & the Former Soviet Union

The article investigates the main factors of current account deficits in order to assess the potential excessiveness of current account deficits in selected countries of Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union. According to the simulated benchmark calculated on the basis of selected determinants (in period 1992-2003), the results confirm that the actual current account balances are generally close to their estimated levels in the 2000-2003 period in the transition region. This notion is in line with the intertemporal approach to the current account balance, suggesting that higher external deficits are a natural outcome when permanent domestic output exceeds the current one and when current investments and government consumption exceed their permanent levels. Hence, the results suggest that most countries in Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union are justified in running relatively high current account deficits.
TLR4 May Be Involved in the Regulation of Colonic Mucosal Microbiota by Vitamin A

Objectives: To investigate the specific role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the regulation of the intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota by vitamin A (VA). Methods: Both TLR4-/- (knockout, KO) and wild-type (WT) female mice were randomly fed a VA normal (VAN) or VA deficient (VAD) diet for 4 weeks to establish the following four mouse model groups: TLR4-/- mice fed a VAN diet (KO VAN), TLR4-/- mice fed a VAD diet (KO VAD), WT mice fed a VAN diet (WT VAN), and WT mice fed a VAD diet (WT VAD). Then, the mice from each experimental group were mated with male mice with the same genetic background. The pups in the KO VAD and WT VAD groups were subsequently fed the VAD diet after weaning, while the pups in the KO VAN and WT VAN groups were fed the VAN diet continuously after weaning. The serum retinol levels of 7-week-old offspring were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, and colons were collected from mice in each group and analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq platform to characterize the overall microbiota of the samples. Results: The abundance and evenness of the colon mucosa-associated microbiota were unaffected by dietary VA and TLR4 KO. VAD decreased the abundance of Anaerotruncus (Firmicutes), Oscillibacter (Firmicutes), Lachnospiraceae _NK4A136 _group (Firmicutes) and Mucispirillum (Deferribacteres) and increased the abundance of Parasutterella (Proteobacteria). TLR4 KO decreased the abundance of Bacteroides (Bacteroidetes) and Alloprevotella (Bacteroidetes). However, the abundance of Allobaculum (Firmicutes), Ruminiclostridium_9 (Firmicutes), Alistipes (Bacteroidetes), and Rikenellaceae_RC9 (Bacteroidetes) impacted the interaction between VA and TLR4. Conclusion: TLR4 may play a pivotal role in regulation of the intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota by VA to maintain the intestinal microecology.