Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mind the Gap: Psychological Barriers in Gold and Silver Prices

This study tests whether psychological barriers exist around key reference points in gold and silver prices, namely numbers ending in 0 (e.g. $450) and 00 (e.g. $200). Initial observations and tests show gold prices fix less frequently on values ending in 0 and 00, suggesting barriers at these levels which manifest as gaps in the frequency distributions. Statistical tests find support for barriers at numbers ending in 0 and 00 for gold. While initial observations and tests suggest silver prices are not uniformly distributed, there is no statistically significant evidence to support that barriers exist at either 0 or 00.
Economic liberalization and constraints to development in sub-Saharan africa

This paper critically reviews the impact of globalization on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since the early 1980s. The large gains expected from opening up to international economic forces have, to date, been limited, and there have been significant adverse consequences. FDI in SSA has been largely confined to resource, especially mineral, extraction, even as continuing capital flight has reduced financial resources available for productive investments. Premature trade liberalization has further undermined prospects for SSA economic development as productive capacities in many sectors are not sufficiently competitive to take advantage of any improvements in market access.
Stem cells and steroid metabolism in prostate cancer

Background: Recent studies indicate the presence of a small, stem-like cell population in several human cancers that is crucial for the tumor (re)population. Objective: Six established prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines—DU145, DuCaP, LAPC-4, 22Rv1, LNCaP, and PC-3—were examined for their stem cell properties in vitro. Design, settings, and participants: The colony-forming efficiency and self-renewal ability of morphologically distinguishable holoclones and paraclones were tested with low-density plating and serial passaging. Expression of the putative stem cell marker CD133 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) was examined with flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical stainings were made for CD133, α2-integrin, nestin, BCRP, cytokeratin 5 (CK5), and cytokeratin 18 (CK18). Results and limitations: Five out of six cell lines formed clear holo-, mero-, and paraclones. Unlike paraclones, we can maintain DU145 holoclones in culture for several passages, which is indicative of self-renewal ability. Using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis only in DU145 cells, a small fraction (0.01%) of CD133+ cells was detected. CD133+ cells; however, like DU145 BCRP+ (0.15%) cells, they were not more clonogenic, and they did not show more holoclone formation than the marker-negative cells or unselected cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed α2-integrin and BCRP as potential stem cell markers and CK5 with the combination of CK18 to distinguish transient amplifying cells. Conclusions: These results indicate the possible presence of stem-like cells in several established PCa cell lines. CD133 selection does not enrich for stem-like cells in PCa cell lines.
Modelling comparison to evaluate the importance of phenology and spring frost damage for the effects of climate change on growth of mixed temperate-zone deciduous forests

The importance of 3 phenologlcal types of deciduous tree, and the effects of the occurrence of frost damage on growth of rmxed-species forests, were evaluated using the models FORGRO and HYBRID. The clunate change scenarios used were a doubling of the CO2 concentration (700 pm01 mol-l) and an increase in temperature ranging from 0 to 7°C. Both FORGRO and HYBRlD are mechanistic models treating eco-physiological processes in detail. FORGRO highlights potential growth in managed forests where all individuals of one species are of the same age and size, whereas HYBRID highlights growth in natural forests, including regeneration, and mortality of individual trees that differ in age and size. Furthermore, the importance of inaccurate prediction of phenological events and frost hardiness for growth in mixed-species stands was evaluated by comparing dynamic models to regression models. The dynamic models predict the timing of phenological events annually and the progression of frost hardiness during dormancy, whereas the regression models represent empirical relationships between the change in the average date of phenological events with a rise in mean winter temperature and the level of frost hardiness at the moment of leaf unfolding. The results of the climate change scenarios indicate for both FORGRO and HYBRID that: (1) the differences in net primary production (NPP) of the 3 phenological types considered are enhanced when grown in a mixed-species stand compared to a monospecies stand; and (2) the effects of frost damage on growth are more prominent in mixed-species stands than in monospecies stands. Regarding the accuracy of the dynamic approach compared to the regression approach for predicting the timing of leaf unfolding and spring frost damage, the dynarmc approach for leaf unfolding results m a s~rnilar esponse of NPP to the regression approach, both for the monospecies and the mixed-species situation. The dynamic approach, however, yields larger differences in the NPP between the phenological types because the model predicts a greater advancement of leaf unfol lng than does the regression approach. Comparing the regression approach to the dynamic approach with regard to frost hardiness, the regression approach shows a greater frequency of frost damage; because, according to the dynamic approach the minimum level of frost hardiness is attained after the date of leaf unfolding, thus reducing this frequency.
FRESHWATER FISH AND DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN POPULATIONS ON RÉUNION ISLAND, WITH AN ASSESSMENT OF SPECIES INTRODUCTIONS.

Streams of Reunion Island shelter with 26 fish species and 11 decapod crustacean species. Some species have been introduced (18%), some other are endemic to the island or to the Madagascar-Mascarenes region (16.2%), are originated from Indo-Pacific area (35.2%) or from Indo-African area (27%). Gobiidae and Palaemonidae are the prevailing family in freshwaters, with the highest number of species. 16 species were introduced, mainly fishes, beginning at the turn of the 19 th century, but only 4 of those have become acclimatised, while 7 have disappeared and the status of the other is uncertain.
Evaluation of Hysterosalpingography ( HSG ) findings among suspected infertile women at Abubbakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital ( ATBUTH ) Bauchi

To determine the common pattern of findings among suspected infertile women and to relate the findings with age. A retrospective cross sectional review of 290 reports investigated for infertility from May, 2013 to May, 2014 using a convenient sampling technique. Data capture sheet was used to elicit information and designed to include patient’s age, clinical indication and findings. Out of the total 290 patients’ report reviewed, normal findings were 181 (62.41%), findings classified to be tubal blockage are 33 (11.38%) and those classified under uterine fibroid are 16 (5.52%). From the study, more pathologies can be classified as multiple myoma 5 (1.72%), bilateral tubal adhesion 6 (2.07%), uterine adhesion 24 (8.28%), cervical adhesion 6 (2.07%), cervico-uterine adhesion 7 (2.41%), hydrosalpinx with spillage 10 (3.45%), and rotated uterus 2 (0.69%). The age range of 20-29 has the highest frequency of 136 and the lowest frequency was 12 which were seen in 10-19 years age range. And also, 123 (42.4%) were investigated for primary infertility, 164 (56.6%) were investigated for secondary infertility, while 3 (1.0%) were investigated for sub fertility. The common pattern of HSG finding is normal, followed by tubal blockage with age range of 20-29 having the highest frequency.
The Effect of Storage Temperature (4°C, 15°C and 25°C) on The Shelf Life of Whole Marine Fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta)

Organoleptical and microbiological shelf-life evaluations of whole Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) were monitored during storage at 4°C for 144 hours, 15°C for 72 hours and at 25°C for 24 hours. The Organoleptical shelf life of Indian mackerel was found to be 151 hours at 4°C, 59.7 hours at 15°C and 19.4 hours at 25°C. Bacteria of Indian mackerel were dramatically grown at 4°C, 15°C and 25°C exceeding the bacterial spoilage limit of fish (7 log cfu/g) that limited by International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, and reached to about, 7.83±0.23, 8.43±0.17 and 8.25±. 51 log cfu/g, respectively. Microbiological shelf-life of Indian mackerel was found to be 118.2 hours at 4°C, 44.2 hours at 15°C and 15.6 hours at 25°C. Microbiological shelf life in studied fish was significantly shorter than the Organoleptical shelf life in the same fish. In this study, each of quality parameters was varied significantly (P<0.05) among storage temperatures.
Mamdani's fuzzy inference eMathTeacher: a tutorial for active learning

An eMathTeacher [16] is an eLearning on-line self-assessment tool that helps users to active learning math concepts and algorithms by themselves, correcting their mistakes and providing them with clues to find the right solution. This paper introduces an example of a new concept on Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) resources, i.e. a tutorial designed under eMathTeacher philosophy for active eLearning Mamdani's Direct Method, and presents a brief survey on available CAI resources discussing what their influence over students' behaviour is. It also describes the minimum and complementary requirements an eLearning tool must fulfil to be considered an eMathTeacher as well as the main contributions of this kind of tutorials to the learning processes. Needless to say that, such features as interactivity, visualization and simplicity turn these tools into great value pedagogical instruments.
VLBI Measurements for Frequency Transfer

Abstract We carried out the intercomparison experiments between VLBI, GPS and DMTD to show the VLBI can measure the right time difference. We produced the artificial change using by line stretcher. At the artificial change part, VLBI and DMTD show good agreement, less than 10ps. The quantity and sense of VLBI results match well with DMTD results. Consequently, the geodetic VLBI technique can measure the right time difference.
A Review on Image Point Matching Technique and Various Applications

Image matching technology is the research foundation of many computer vision problems, and the matching algorithm based on incomplete features of images is a research focus in this field.Image matching is to make use of image data acquired by sensor and compare it with referenced image to obtain corresponding object position in referenced image. Image matching is very important in computer vision, image fusion,and object recognition and tracing. Keywords—MDP,KLT,SIFT,S-PCA
ENERGY ANALYSIS OF KARANJA OIL AS A SUPPLEMENTARY FUEL FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

The paper highlights the results of an experimental investigation carried out on Karanja oil as a supplementary for diesel fuel in Compression Ignition engine. In the present study, triglycerides of Karanja oil is converted into mono-ester (biodiesel) using based catalyst transesterfication process. Karanja biodiesel is blended with petroleum diesel in the volumetric proportions of 2−10%. Results reveal that the performance characteristics of Karanja biodiesel blends are well comparable with diesel fuel. The emission characteristics such as CO, HC and smoke are found to be lower for Karanja biodiesel blends at all the engine load conditions compared to diesel fuel. Hence, it is concluded that Karanja oil at lower blends can be used in diesel engine without any substantial engine modification.
Pathogenicity of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on potato

Host‐parasite relationships and pathogenicity of Meloidogyne javanica on potatoes (newly recorded from Malta) were studied under glasshouse and natural conditions. Potato cvs Cara and Spunta showed a typical susceptible reaction to M. javanica under natural and artificial infections, respectively. In potato tubers, M. javanica induced feeding sites that consisted of three to four hypertrophied giant cells per adult female. Infection of feeder roots by the nematode resulted in mature large galls which usually contained at least one mature female and egg mass. In both tubers and roots, feeding sites were characterized by giant cells containing granular cytoplasm and many hypertrophied nuclei. Cytoplasm in giant cells was aggregated alongside the thickened cell walls. Stelar tissues within galls appeared disorganized. The relationship between initial nematode population density ( P ) [0‐64 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2s) per cm 3 soil] and growth of cv. Spunta potato seedlings was tested under glasshouse conditions. A Seinhorst model [ y = m + (1 − m ) z ( P − T ) ] was fitted to fresh shoot weight and shoot height data of nematode-inoculated and control plants. Tolerance limits ( T ) for fresh shoot weight and shoot height of cv. Spunta plants infected with M. javanica were 0·50 and 0·64 eggs + J2s per cm 3 soil, respectively. The m parameter in that model (i.e. the minimum possible y -values) for fresh shoot weight and shoot height were 0·60 and 0·20, respectively, at P = 64 eggs + J2s per cm 3 soil. Root galling was proportional to the initial nematode population density. Maximum nematode reproduction rate was 51·2 at a moderate initial population density ( P = 4 eggs + J2s per cm 3 soil).
H2O in stellar atmospheres II. ISO spectra of cool red giants and hydrostatic models

We present 26 ISO-SWS spectra taken from a sample of 13 M-type Semiregular, Lb and Mira variables and covering the wavelength range between 2.36 and 5m at a medium resolution. All of the studied objects show intense water bands producing a deep absorption dip around 2.5m. Features of CO, OH, SiO and CO2 are also visible. Using the new H2O linelist published in the first paper of this series and available opacity data for the other important molecules, we calculated a grid of hydrostatic MARCS atmospheres and the corresponding synthetic ISO-SWS spectra. Based on the comparison with these theoretical results the ISO observations can be divided into four classes. The first two groups include the spectra of the Semiregular (SRb) and Lb variables in our sample. For all of them the region between 2.36 and 4.2m can be quite well reproduced by our hydrostatic models. Only the predicted SiO bands above 4m are in some cases too strong which is due to known dynamical eects. Depending on the temperature (above or below 3000 K) of the atmosphere, which mainly determines the intensity of the water depression at 2.5m, the spectra of the Semiregular and Lb variables fall into the first or second class. The third group consists of observations of Mira stars obtained around maximum light where the range between 2.36 and 4.2m can be fitted with our MARCS models except for a strong emission bump appearing in the ISO-SWS data in the region of the SiO features and the slope very close to the short wavelength border. Finally, the last type of spectra corresponds to Mira variables during the phases around the minimum of their visual light curve. For this class the observed water absorption at 2.5m is much more intense than in any hydrostatic atmosphere with a realistic choice of eective temperature and surface gravity. Thus, we conclude that dynamical models are needed to explain the ISO-SWS data of Mira stars. For all of the cooler objects from our sample the predicted CO2 bands between 4.2 and 4.6m are too weak which may be due to the opacity data.
Segmenting Markets by Bagged Clustering

Market segmentation is ubiquitous in marketing. Hierarchical and nonhierarchical methods are popular for segmenting tourism markets. These methods are not without controversy. In this study, we use bagged clustering on the push and pull factors of Western Europe to segment potential young Chinese travelers. Bagged clustering overcomes some of the limitations of hierarchical and nonhierarchical methods. A sample of 403 travelers revealed the existence of four clusters of potential visitors. The clusters were subsequently profiled on sociodemographics and travel characteristics. The findings suggest a nascent young Chinese independent travel segment that cannot be distinguished on push factors but can be differentiated on perceptions of the current independent travel infrastructure in Western Europe. Managerial implications are offered on marketing and service provision to the young Chinese outbound travel market.
A Comparison of Animated Maps with Static Small-Multiple Maps for Visually Identifying Space-Time Clusters

Abstract Although animated maps are widely promoted as ideal vehicles for learning and scientific discovery, there has been little empirical work that demonstrates their relative effectiveness in relation to static small-multiple alternatives. In this article, we attempt to clarify the issues related to the potential of animation from an explicitly geographic perspective, but one that is also grounded in broader cognitive science and human-computer interaction considerations. We compared the effectiveness of animated with static small-multiple maps, specifically in relation to map readers' ability to identify clusters that move over space and through time. In this study, we focused on several factors that might impact (or help explain) map readers' ability to correctly identify clusters. These factors included animation pace, cluster coherence, and gender. We found that map readers answer more quickly and identify more patterns correctly when using animated maps than when using static small-multiple maps. We also found that pace and cluster coherence interact so that different paces are more effective for identifying certain types of clusters (none vs. subtle vs. strong), and that there are some gender differences in the animated condition. This study is one of a small number of controlled experiments directed to the relative advantages of animated and static small-multiple maps. It provides the basis for further research that is needed to better understand the cognitive load involved in reading animated maps, to better describe and understand gender differences, and to investigate the efficacy of animated maps for other types of map reading tasks.
Antibacterial evaluation and preliminary phytochemical screening of selected

Background and objectives: The main aims of this study have been finding out the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of some fern species. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts of Polypodium interjectum Shivas, Polystichum woronowii Fomin, Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth. , Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk, Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, Asplenium scolopendrium L. , Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. and Pteris cretica L. , was screened by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against two Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, using standard assays. Besides, the phytochemical evaluation and measurement of the total flavonoid contents were also performed. Results: The maximum activity was exhibited by the extract of Dryopteris affinis with MIC value of 2 µg/mL. Polystichum aculeatum showed the same antibacterial potential against S. aureus. Some of the extracts had strong antibacterial activity (2-8 µg/mL) and others demonstrated moderate activity. Phytochemical analyses showed the presence of some important secondary metabolites in Iranian fern species. Triterpenoids and polyphenols were present in rhizome and aerial part of all plants. Total flavonoid contents range was 1.66 to 44.22 mg of catechin equivalents per gram of dry extract. Conclusion: Findings indicated that Iranian ferns have good antibacterial potential and could be a suitable source for antibiotic drug discovery.
OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND BURNOUTS AS PREDICTORS OF JOB SATISFACTION AMONGST LAWYERS IN DISTRICT SANGLI

Background: The practice of law is a high prestige, high skill, high income and high stress profession. The present study was conducted to find out the role of stressors on mental well being of the lawyers. Objectives: To study the occupational stress amongst the lawyers and to examine the correlates of job satisfaction in them, and to study the gender difference (if any) of stress and job satisfaction. Also to study the association between levels of stress and substance abuse disorders. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in Dist. Court Sangli, which involved collection of data using predesigned proforma. By using Systematic Random sampling technique, out of total 240 lawyers 120(76 males and 44 females) were interviewed. Presumptive Stress Life Event Scale (PSLES) was used as a validated screening tool to calculate their Mental Stress Score. The level of Job Satisfaction was scored by 3 point scaling system taking 10 independent variables as the predictors of job satisfaction. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: 88.3% lawyers had experienced stress. The female lawyers had high Mean Mental Stress Score. 81.8% female lawyers had high Job satisfaction Score i.e. low Job satisfaction. 52.8% of the male lawyers having stress reported substance abuse disorders. Conclusion: The female lawyers experience significantly greater stress and burnouts as compared to males. Job satisfaction is significantly and negatively correlated with stress. The need of the hour is to make an effort in coping with stress amongst lawyers.
Involvement of ethylene in lesion development and systemic acquired resistance in tobacco during the hypersensitive reaction to tobacco mosaic virus

Different approaches were taken to investigate the significance of ethylene in lesion development and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) reacting hypersensitively to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Gaseous ethylene, the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and the ethylene releasing compound ethephon all reduced primary lesion size when applied before or shortly after virus inoculation. Inhibiting TMV-induced ethylene production in primary infected leaves by the inhibitor of ACC-synthase 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine, the inhibitor of ACC-oxidase cobalt chloride, or the inhibitors of ethylene action silver nitrate and 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD) also reduced lesion expansion. The results support previous findings that exposure of leaves to ethylene or ethylene-releasing compounds prior to inoculation causes an early cessation of lesion growth, whereas ethylene synthesized during lesion development contributes to continued lesion expansion. Local treatment with ethephon-induced systemic resistance, whereas treatment with NBD of a primary TMV-inoculated leaf tended to reduce the extent of SAR attained in both upper and lower leaves. Transgenic plants with modulated ethylene levels obtained through expression of sense or antisense ACC-synthase RNA did not show alterations in primary TMV lesion size or SAR, apparently because ethylene production was not altered sufficiently to affect lesion development. In contrast, the use of ethylene insensitive (Tetr) plants, transformed with a mutant etr1-1 gene from Arabidopsis, confirmed that virus-induced ethylene promotes lesion expansion and demonstrated that the hormone contributes to the level of SAR attained. In the Tetr plants the SAR response was substantially reduced. The results indicate that in tobacco ethylene perception is involved in lesion expansion, as well as in the generation and/or release of the mobile signal that induces SAR in non-infected plant parts.