Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioral states in the fetus near term

On the basis of comparison and analogy it can be stated. that in the mature fetus behavioral states comparable to those seen in the newborn infant, i.e. quiet sleep, active sleep and even some kind of wakefulness do exist (1). These states can be identified fairly well from heart rate and motor activity patterns. According to evaluation of 8 hour recordinqs of FHR and fetal movements in the fetus one complete sleep cycle of quiet sleep plus active sleep lasts about 75 min, duration of one period of quiet sleep is 20 min and duration of one period of active sleep is nearly l hours. Results of Computer analysis of FHR macrofluctuation according to quantifica-tion methods developed by the author confirm state related differences of macroflucatuation pattern (2): Macrofluctuation amplitude for 1-min-segments of FHR is in the decile ränge from 3.0 to 7.6 BPM during quiet sleep and from 6.5 to 21.8 BPM during active sleep. Macrofluctuation frequency is in the decile ränge from 3.1 to 6.3 cycles per min during quiet sleep and from 2.1 to 4.9 cycles per min during active sleep. Motor activity of the fetus is unevenly distributed in respect to quiet and active sleep: in 54 % of all periods of quiet sleep no movements were feit by the mothers and in 80 % of all periods of quiet sleep the total number did not exceed 2 movements. Contrary to that in all periods of active sleep except l the total number exceeded 2 movements. On the whole 90 % of motor activity during sleep states occurs during active sleep. Because fetal movement are generally associated with accelerations these data refer to acceleration äs well. These data support the idea that spontaneous changes in centralnervous coordination or state behavior are the predominant causes for spontaneous and distinct changes in FHR and motor activity patterns in fetal wellbeing. In a subsequent investigation fetal ehest movement activity in respect to state behavior was evaluated. According to our results the influence of centralnervous coordination on ehest movement activity is inconsistent: Half of the periods of quiet sleep were without any ehest movements but in the other half ehest movement activity ranged from 10 to 60 % of state duration. Contrary to that in all periods of active sleep ehest movement activity was present, ranging from 5 to 45 % of state duration. From our results it is obvious …
What Motivates Minority Acquisitions? The Trade-Offs between a Partial Equity Stake and Complete Integration

Minority acquisitions, involving less than 50% of the target, represent a distinct organizational choice. Minority acquisition can mitigate some of the incentive problems that arise in contractual relationships. Less is known, however, about the trade-off between minority acquisitions and complete integration. We find that minority acquisitions are more common when keeping target managerial incentives intact is important and when the target is financially constrained or can benefit from certification. Minority acquisitions are also more likely when the target's valuation is especially uncertain; integrating internal capital markets will be costly; and consolidating earning will lower earnings per share (EPS). The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Mutation in the DC‐SIGN cytoplasmic triacidic cluster motif markedly attenuates receptor activity for phagocytosis and endocytosis of mannose‐containing ligands by human myeloid cells

The transmembrane C‐type lectin, dendritic cell‐specific ICAM‐3‐grabbing nonintegrin (DC‐SIGN), has three conserved cytoplasmic tail motifs: the tyrosine (Y)‐based, dileucine (LL), and triacidic cluster (EEE), which are believed to regulate ligand binding, uptake, and trafficking. We mutated each of these motifs by alanine substitution and tested their roles in phagocytosis and receptor‐mediated endocytosis of the highly mannosylated ligands, Mycobacterium tuberculosis mannose‐capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) and HIV‐1 surface glycoprotein gp120, respectively, in transfected human myeloid K‐562 cells. Compared with wild‐type and other mutants, the EEE mutant of DC‐SIGN showed a reduced cell‐surface expression, near abolishment in the phagocytosis of ManLAM‐coated beads (90.5±0.4%), and a marked reduction in the endocytosis of soluble gp120 (79.3±0.7%). Although, the Y mutant of DC‐SIGN did not exhibit any effect on phagocytosis and intracellular trafficking to the phagolysosome, the LL mutant caused the majority of the receptor and/or ligands to remain bound to the cell surface, indicating a role for the LL motif as an internalization signal. The majority of the EEE mutant protein was found to be retained by the intracellular trans‐Golgi network and not by the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment of transfected K‐562 cells. Collectively, our data indicate a dual role for the EEE motif as a sorting signal in the secretory pathway and a lysosomal targeting signal in the endocytic pathway.
Effectiveness of the 'Hold me Tight' Relationship Enhancement Program in a Self-referred and a Clinician-referred Sample: An Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy-Based Approach.

While evidence-based couple therapies are available, only a minority of troubled couples seek help and they often do this too late. To reach more couples earlier, the couple relationship education (CRE) group program "Hold me Tight" (HmT) based on Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT) was developed. This study is the first to examine the effectiveness of HmT. Using a three-wave (waiting period, treatment, and follow-up) within-subject design, HmT was delivered to 79 self-referred couples and 50 clinician-referred couples. We applied a comprehensive outcome measure battery. Our main findings were that (1) self-referred couples significantly improved during HmT on all measures, that is relationship satisfaction, security of partner-bond, forgiveness, daily coordination, maintenance behavior, and psychological complaints, with a moderate-to-large mean effect size (d = .63), which was maintained (d = .57) during the 3.5 month follow-up; (2) in clinician-referred couples, who were vulnerable in terms of insecure attachment status and psychopathology, the improvement during HmT was moderate (d = .42), but this was reduced during the 3.5-month follow-up to a small effect (d = .22); (3) emotional functioning (typical HmT target) as well as behavioral functioning (typical Behavioral Couples Therapy-based CRE target) improved during HmT; and (4) individual psychological complaints, although not specifically targeted, were reduced during HmT. These findings suggest that HmT is a promising intervention for enhancement of relationship functioning. Clinical implications are discussed.
Human leucocyte antigen‐Cw‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated from naive cord blood used for cord blood stem cell transplantation

Summary. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐Cw‐reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated from cord blood (CB) lymphocytes of two cases used for cord blood stem cell transplantation (CBSCT). In both cases, the CTL were cytotoxic against the patient's leukaemic cells, as well as the patient's Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐lymphoblastoid cell line (EBV‐LCL) and phytohaemagglutinin blasts, and the cytotoxicity was blocked by anti‐HLA‐class I monoclonal antibodies. In the first case, the CTL recognized Cw 3 (Cw 9 and Cw 10)‐positive EBV‐LCL, while in the second case, the CTL recognized Cw1 and/or Cw7. These cases suggest that CB T cells may be competent enough for generating CTL to induce a graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect and/or graft‐versus‐host disease in patients with CBSCT and that the mismatching of Cw antigens between patient and CB may be related to the outcome of CBSCT.
Fats in seasoning and the relationship to pancreatic cancer

The relationship between consumption of fat in seasoning and the risk of pancreatic cancer has been considered in a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1983 and 1995 on 362 pancreatic cancer cases and 1502 controls in hospital for acute, not neoplastic, non-digestive tract disorders. Subjective scores (low, intermediate, high) for the intake of butter, margarine and oil were used to evaluate the use of fat in seasoning. No material association was observed for butter or margarine. The score for oil (mainly olive oil) intake was inversely related to the risk of pancreatic cancer: the multivariate odds ratios were 0.76 for the intermediate, and 0.60 for the highest score of intake, and the trend in risk was significant. These findings support the hypothesis that (olive) oil may have a comparatively more favourable impact on the risk of pancreatic cancer than other types of seasoning fats.
Incidence of cancer in a cohort of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of subsequent cancers in a cohort of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) with that of the general population in the same region of England. METHODS A retrospective analysis was carried out on 112 patients who had attended the out-patients department at University College Hospital, London, from 1979 onwards. Patients were followed up from diagnosis of pSS to diagnosis of first subsequent cancer, death, loss to follow-up or 31 December 2003 (the censoring date) to determine the person-years at risk for each individual. The expected numbers of subsequent cancers were calculated from sex-/age-/period-specific rates for the general population of southeast England, derived from registrations at the Thames Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were then calculated as the ratio of observed to expected numbers of cancers, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Separate analyses were performed for all malignant cancers combined, lymphomas and non-lymphoid cancers. RESULTS Among the 112 patients with pSS, 25 developed cancer (either before or after development of pSS), with lymphoma occurring in 11 cases. Nine patients had two cancers. There was a significantly elevated incidence of lymphomas in pSS patients compared with the general population (SIR 37.5, 95% CI 20.7-67.6). For non-lymphoid cancer, the observed increase in incidence was small and not statistically significant (SIR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.6). CONCLUSION This study confirms that there is an increased incidence of lymphoma in patients with pSS. An increase in the incidence of other cancers was not proven but the observation that some patients developed more than one cancer raises the possibility that there may be a subgroup of patients who are at greater risk of developing cancer.
OPTICAL COUNTERPARTS OF THE NEAREST ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES

We present a photometric survey of the optical counterparts of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in nearby (≲5 Mpc) galaxies. Of the 33 ULXs with HST and Chandra data, 9 have no visible counterpart, placing limits on their MV of ∼ −4 to −9, enabling us to rule out O-type companions in 4 cases. The refined positions of two ULXs place them in the nucleus of their host galaxy. They are removed from our sample. Of the 22 remaining ULXs, 13 have one possible optical counterpart, while multiple are visible within the error regions of other ULXs. By calculating the number of chance coincidences, we estimate that 13 ± 5 are the true counterparts. We attempt to constrain the nature of the companions by fitting the spectral energy distribution and MV to obtain candidate spectral types. We can rule out O-type companions in 20 cases, while we find that one ULX (NGC 253 ULX2) excludes all OB-type companions. Fitting with X-ray irradiated models provides constraints on the donor star mass and radius. For seven ULXs, we are able to impose inclination-dependent upper and/or lower limits on the black holes' mass, if the extinction to the assumed companion star is not larger than the Galactic column. These are NGC 55 ULX1, NGC 253 ULX1, NGC 253 ULX2, NGC 253 XMM6, Ho IX X-1, IC342 X-1, and NGC 5204 X-1. This suggests that 10 ULXs do not have O companions, while none of the 18 fitted rule out B-type companions.
Risk factors and techniques affecting surgical outcome of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography difficulties.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) difficulties and complications experienced by a general surgeon and identify risk factors and technique affecting surgical outcome. MATERIAL AND METHOD A retrospective review was carried out in 88 consecutive ERCP operated with four different indications on patients in Nakornping General Hospital by a surgeon trained from Nippon Medical School, Japan. RESULTS The patients average age was 57.2 years. Fifty-four patients had common bile duct stone and 43 of them were successfully removed. Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) was the most frequent procedure needed to combine with the stone extraction (23 in 43). Twenty-two distal common bile duct obstructions unable to be diagnosed by ultrasound or computed tomography were operated on and found to be unvarying proportion of tumor, stone or stricture. Among these 6 biopsy and 12 treatments were concurrently made. Eight bile fistula and four cholangitis were indicated for endoscopic drainage. Only one serious bleeding was complicated. Two perforations were discovered in the present series and none required laparotomy repair of duodenum. Eighteen of the 88 failed to be operated on and most of them were within first four-month learning curve. Duodenal diverticulum was a common failure factor. The pre-procedure unknown diagnosis relates to an insignificant risk 2.4 times complications of the known (RR = 2.4, p = 0.31). Three patients (3.4%), all over 70 years old, succumbed late after ERCP due to sepsis and myocardial infarction, compared to those age under 70 is a significant risk factor (p = 0.059). Age over 50 seems to result in a higher pancreatitis complication (3 versus none under 50) but not statistically significant (p = 0.405). CONCLUSION Skill and synchronous assistance are important factors for success of ERCP but a more unpredictable outcome and complications were encountered for the preoperative undiagnosable obstructive jaundice. Hot and slow sphincterotomy would minimize the bleeding complication. Duodenal diverticulum and those operated on for late obstruction were risk factors in patients with EST perforations. Pondering to be minimally by invasive, advanced age still contributes to a higher complication and mortality risk in the surgical treatment of ERCP.
Microbiology, infection control and infection related outcome in pediatric patients in an oncology center in Eastern India: Experience from Tata Medical Center, Kolkata.

CONTEXT Infection is a major determinant in the outcome of patients with cancer. AIMS The aim was to know the epidemiology and outcome of patients with cancer in a cancer care center in Eastern India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Retrospective study of pediatric patients in Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India. METHODS Patients (n = 262) between the age group of 0 and 18 years were reviewed for infections and infection-related outcome (January to December 2013). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Modified Wald method was used to determine confidence interval of proportions. RESULTS Gram-negative bacteria were found to be the most common cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) (56.4%), followed by Gram-positive cocci (34.5%), and Candida species (9.1%). Carbapenem-resistance was noted among 24% of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase among 64% of GNBs. A single case of Vibrio cholerae septicemia was also noted. No case of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was observed, whereas only two cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (1/3 of all Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia) were detected. Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter were the predominant organisms detected in BSIs. Among Candida spp. BSIs no resistance to caspofungin, amphotericin B, Voriconazole was noted. Candida tropicalis was the most common isolate, and 1 isolate of Candida glabrata showed dose-dependent sensitivity to fluconazole. Three out of 25 patients died of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (12%) in 2013. Seventeen patients had radiological evidence of invasive fungal infections (no mortality was noted). CONCLUSIONS Periodic review of infection-related data, as well as infection control practices, is essential to optimize clinical outcome in patients with pediatric malignancies.
[Effect of impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy on newborns].

OBJECTIVE Abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy can result in significant adverse outcomes for newborns. This study was designed to investigate the effect of different degrees of impaired glucose tolerance on newborns. METHODS Glucose challenge test (GCT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed in pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Based on the results of the two tests, their newborn infants were classified into five groups: gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, n=182), gestational impaired oral glucose tolerance [GIGT, subdividing into GIGT 1 h (n=57) and GIGT 2-3 h groups (n=156)based on the occurrence time of abnormal blood glucose after glucose load], GCT abnormal but OGTT normal (only GCT abnormal, n=38) and normal glucose tolerance (control, n=1 025). The perinatal outcomes were compared among the five groups. RESULTS The incidences of macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age (SGA), neonatal hypoglycemia and premature birth in the GIGT (1 h) group were significantly higher than those in the control group, but similar to those in the GDM group. The incidences of macrosomia, SGA, neonatal hypoglycemia and premature birth in the GIGT (2-3 h) and the only GCT abnormal groups significantly decreased as compared with those in the GDM group, and similar to those in the control group. GIGT (1 h ) group showed higher incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia and premature birth than the GIGT (2-3 h) and the only GCT abnormal groups. CONCLUSIONS Different degrees of maternal impaired glucose tolerance have different effects on newborns. As maternal GDM, maternal GIGT (1 h) may increase the risk of macrosomia, LGA, SGA, neonatal hypoglycemia and premature birth.
Treatment of Superficial Surgical Wounds after Removal of Seborrheic Keratoses: A Single‐Blinded Randomized‐Controlled Clinical Study

BACKGROUND For the treatment of superficial surgical wounds, there are a number of options, including topical antibiotic ointments, dressings, and specialized wound care materials, such as hydrocolloid dressings. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the wound-healing activity of a commercially available hydrocolloid wound dressing (Avery H2460, Avery Dennison, Turnhout, Belgium) in comparison with a control treatment (Fucidine cream [LEO Pharmaceutical Products Ltd., Indutrieparken, Denmark] with Cutiplast sterile dressing [Smith & Nephew plc, London, UK]) in superficial wounds after surgical removal of seborrheic keratoses. METHODS In a single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial, the hydrocolloid wound dressing (Avery H2460) was compared with healing by secondary intention as a control. Sixteen patients between 18 and 80 years of age with seborrheic keratoses were enrolled. Wound healing was evaluated after 7 and 10 days and then daily until complete closure of the wound area. In 7 of 16 patients, biopsies were taken after 14 days of reepithelization. RESULTS The hydrocolloid wound dressing (Avery H2460) induced a significantly (p<.05) faster healing (median: 8.5 days) in comparison with the control treatment (median: 10 days). The histologic investigations showed no significant differences for the investigated parameters in both groups. CONCLUSION The faster healing in comparison with the control treatment supports the use of the hydrocolloid wound dressing (Avery H2460) for the treatment of superficial surgical wounds.
Effect of heat stress on blood parameters in indigenous sheep

The research was conducted to study the effect of heat stress on blood parameters in indigenous sheep. Nine sheep were divided into three groups which were almost similar in age, sex and weight. Three groups were divided as zero hour (T0), four hours (T4) and eight hours (T8) heat exposure to direct sunlight. During experimental period temperature–humidity index (THI) value was calculated as 27.09 which indicate T4 and T8 groups were subjected to heat stress condition for at least four hours and eight hours respectively every day. The amount of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb%) and packed cell volume (PCV%) were increased significantly (p 0.05) among the treatment groups. It can be concluded that heat stress had significant changes on some blood parameters in indigenous sheep.
Role of atrial septostomy in the treatment of pulmonary vascular disease

Primary pulmonary hypertension is characterised by a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure which eventually leads to right ventricular failure and death. Patients with severe right heart failure—for example, New York Heart Association functional class IV—have the worst prognosis.1 Although several haemodynamic parameters such as pulmonary artery pressure, right atrial pressure, and cardiac index have been shown to correlate with mortality, right atrial pressure reflecting right heart function correlates best with survival. Furthermore, patients with primary pulmonary hypertension in whom the foramen ovale is patent have been reported to live longer than those without a patent foramen ovale.2 These observations led several groups of investigators3-7 (following early animal studies by Austen et al 8 which showed that an interatrial communication allowed decompression of a hypertensive right ventricle and augmentation of systemic blood flow, particularly during exercise) to evaluate the effects of atrial septostomy on clinical signs and symptoms, haemodynamics, and survival in patients with severe primary pulmonary hypertension as well as pulmonary vascular obstructive disease associated with other conditions. Blade balloon atrial septostomy was first reported by Rich and Lam in 1983 as palliative treatment for refractory primary pulmonary hypertension.9 Several uncontrolled studies subsequently demonstrated clinical and haemodynamic improvement and suggested increased survival in selected patients with severe pulmonary vascular disease.3-6 The limitations of these studies were: (1) the series were all uncontrolled, (2) the indications for performing the procedures varied between the studies, (3) the aetiology of the pulmonary vascular disease was not the same in all patients, and (4) the medical treatment for pulmonary vascular disease has changed over the …