Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The validation of a novel activity monitor in the measurement of posture and motion during everyday activities

Background: Accurate measurement of physical activity patterns can be used to identify sedentary behaviour and may facilitate interventions aimed at reducing inactivity. Objective: To evaluate the activPAL physical activity monitor as a measure of posture and motion in everyday activities using observational analysis as the criterion standard. Methods: Wearing three activPAL monitors, 10 healthy participants performed a range of randomly assigned everyday tasks incorporating walking, standing and sitting. Each trial was captured on a digital camera and the recordings were synchronised with the activPAL. The time spent in different postures was visually classified and this was compared with the activPAL output. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 2,1) for interdevice reliability ranged from 0.79 to 0.99. Using the Bland and Altman method, the mean percentage difference between the activPAL monitor and observation for total time spent sitting was 0.19% (limits of agreement −0.68% to 1.06%) and for total time spent upright was −0.27% (limits of agreement −1.38% to 0.84%). The mean difference for total time spent standing was 1.4% (limits of agreement −6.2% to 9.1%) and for total time spent walking was −2.0% (limits of agreement −16.1% to 12.1%). A second-by-second analysis between observer and monitor found an overall agreement of 95.9%. Conclusion: The activPAL activity monitor is a valid and reliable measure of posture and motion during everyday physical activities.
Research Data Sharing: Practices and Attitudes of Geophysicists

Open data policies have been introduced by governments, funders, and publishers over the past decade. Previous research showed a growing recognition by scientists of the benefits of data‐sharing and reuse, but actual practices lag and are not always compliant with new regulations. The goal of this study is to investigate motives, attitudes, and data practices of the community of Earth and planetary geophysicists, a discipline believed to have accepting attitudes toward data sharing and reuse. A better understanding of the attitudes and current data‐sharing practices of this scientific community could enable funders, publishers, data managers, and librarians to design systems and services that help scientists understand and adhere to mandates and to create practices, tools, and services that are scientist‐focused. An online survey was distributed to the members of the American Geophysical Union, producing 1,372 responses from 116 countries. The attitudes of researchers to data sharing and reuse were generally positive, but in practice, scientists had concerns about sharing their own research data. These concerns include the possibility of potential data misuse and the need for assurance of proper citation and acknowledgement. Training and assistance in good data management practices are lacking in many scientific fields and might help to alleviate these doubts.
Effect of Corporate Governance And Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility on The Quality of Financial Statements

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the disclosure of corporate social responsibility on the quality of the financial reports and the disclosure of corporate social responsibility mediation on the financial report quality of corporate governance. The dependent variable, financial report quality, was measured by earnings management (RAM); while, the independent variables, corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate governance, were measured byCSRindex andCGIindex. Meanwhile, the control variables were the negative value of operating cash flow, profit, debt ratio, market volatility, and operating cycle. The sample was manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2013-2015. The sampling method was purposive sampling and the technique of analysis was multiple linear regression. The results showed that corporate social responsibility disclosure significantly and negatively affectedRAMand the mediation of corporate social responsibility disclosure on the effect of corporate governance did not affect the quality of the financial reports.
Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area.

CONTEXT Concern has been raised about possible increases in the prevalence of autism. However, few population-based studies have been conducted in the United States. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of autism among children in a major US metropolitan area and to describe characteristics of the study population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND POPULATION Study of the prevalence of autism among children aged 3 to 10 years in the 5 counties of metropolitan Atlanta, Ga, in 1996. Cases were identified through screening and abstracting records at multiple medical and educational sources, with case status determined by expert review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Autism prevalence by demographic factors, levels of cognitive functioning, previous autism diagnoses, special education eligibility categories, and sources of identification. RESULTS A total of 987 children displayed behaviors consistent with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, or Asperger disorder. The prevalence for autism was 3.4 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2-3.6) (male-female ratio, 4:1). Overall, the prevalence was comparable for black and white children (black, 3.4 per 1000 [95% CI, 3.0-3.7] and white, 3.4 per 1000 [95% CI, 3.2-3.7]). Sixty-eight percent of children with IQ or developmental test results (N = 880) had cognitive impairment. As severity of cognitive impairment increased from mild to profound, the male-female ratio decreased from 4.4 to 1.3. Forty percent of children with autism were identified only at educational sources. Schools were the most important source for information on black children, children of younger mothers, and children of mothers with less than 12 years of education. CONCLUSION The rate of autism found in this study was higher than the rates from studies conducted in the United States during the 1980s and early 1990s, but it was consistent with those of more recent studies.
Quantitative Analysis of Saponins in a Tea-Leaf Extract and Their Antihypercholesterolemic Activity

A novel simple method using liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) and LC/UV was established for the quantification of saponins in an extract from green tea leaves. The amount of saponins in a fraction with high in vitro antihypercholesterolemic activity, Fr2-3, was determined to be 72%. An in vivo experiment showed that the addition of 0.5% Fr2-3 to a high-cholesterol diet suppressed the increase in serum cholesterol levels in rats. Fr2-3 induced a decrease in the liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels and an increase in the fecal excretion of cholesterol. These results indicate tea-leaf saponins to be the active components in Fr2-3 and that these saponins exhibited antihypercholesterolemic activity by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestines.
How best to ventilate? Trial design and patient safety in studies of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Each year, about 150,000 people in the United States have acute lung injury or its most severe form, the acute respiratory distress syndrome — devastating lung diseases associated with a mortality rate of between 30 and 50 percent. Despite the severe lung injury, pulmonary function in most survivors returns nearly to normal within 6 to 12 months. Unfortunately, the search for effective treatments to keep patients alive while their lungs heal has lagged behind the substantial progress in basic research. Almost all the treatments that have been tested in clinical trials have not worked.1,2 After years of bad news, .
Paternal physical and sedentary activities in relation to semen quality and reproductive outcomes among couples from a fertility center.

STUDY QUESTION Is paternal physical activity associated with semen quality parameters and with outcomes of infertility treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER Among men presenting for infertility treatment, weightlifting and outdoor activities were associated with higher sperm concentrations but not with greater reproductive success. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN Higher physical activity is related to better semen quality but no studies to date have investigated whether it predicts greater reproductive success. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study is an on-going prospective cohort study which enrolls subfertile couples presenting at Massachusetts General Hospital (2005-2013). In total, 231 men provided 433 semen samples and 163 couples underwent 421 IVF or intrauterine insemination cycles. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Leisure time spent in physical and sedentary activities over the past year was self-reported using a validated questionnaire. We used mixed models to analyze the association of physical and sedentary activities with semen quality and with clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Men in this cohort engaged in a median of 3.2 h/week of moderate-to-vigorous activities. Men in the highest quartile of moderate-to-vigorous activity had 43% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9, 87%) higher sperm concentrations than men in the lowest quartile (P-trend = 0.04). Men in the highest category of outdoor activity (≥1.5 h/week) and weightlifting (≥2 h/week) had 42% (95% CI 10, 84%) and 25% (95% CI -10, 74%) higher sperm concentrations, respectively, compared with men in the lowest category (0 h/week) (P-trend = 0.04 and 0.02). Conversely, men who reported bicycling ≥1.5 h/week had 34% (95% CI 4, 55%) lower sperm concentrations compared with men who reported no bicycling (P-trend = 0.05). Paternal physical and sedentary activities were not related to clinical pregnancy or live birth rates following infertility treatment. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The generalizability of the findings on live birth rates to populations not undergoing infertility treatment is limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Certain types of physical activity, specifically weightlifting and outdoor activities, may improve semen quality but may not lead to improved success of infertility treatments. Further research is needed in other non-clinical populations. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The authors are supported by NIH grants R01-ES009718, ES000002, P30-DK046200, T32-DK007703-16 and ES022955 T32-HD060454. None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare.
The main factor affecting the competitiveness of Contractor Company

Contractor companies must have the competitive advantage to compete in maintaining the survival of the company. Problems arise because quite a lot of advantages can be used and these advantages must be used appropriately to produce competitiveness for the company to continue to compete and to win the competition. This study aims to determine the main factors affecting the competitiveness of medium-class contractors in Banda Aceh. Data collection was obtained through questionnaires distributed to 31 middle-class contractors in Banda Aceh. Data processing and analysis is done by using descriptive analysis. Based on the result of descriptive analysis, it can be concluded that the most important competitiveness factor with a mean score value 4.52 is the relationship, and the factor that has the highest mean score value is the relationship with the government of 4.97, while the result of the ranking analysis is obtained 25 factor that is critical to the competitiveness of medium-class contractors in Banda Aceh.
HLA‐DR polymorphisms influence in vivo responses to staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 in a transgenic mouse model

Toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 (TSST‐1) is a potent superantigen produced by Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to menstrual and nonmenstrual toxic shock syndromes, TSST‐1 is also implicated in the immunopathogenesis of pneumonia, infective endocarditis, neonatal exanthematous disease, and atopic dermatitis among others. Superantigens first bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and then activate a large proportion of T cells by cross‐linking their T cell receptor. As binding to MHC class II molecules is a critical step in the robust activation of the immune system by TSST‐1 and other superantigens, polymorphic variations between different HLA‐DR alleles could potentially influence the magnitude of immune activation and immunopathology caused by TSST‐1. As TSST‐1 is highly toxic to humans and given that multiple variations of alleles of HLA‐DR and HLA‐DQ are expressed in each individual, it is difficult to determine how HLA‐DR polymorphisms quantitatively and qualitatively impact immune activation caused by TSST‐1 in humans. However, such investigations can be conducted on transgenic mice lacking all endogenous MHC class II molecules and expressing specific HLA class II alleles. Therefore, transgenic mice expressing different HLA‐DRB1 alleles (HLA‐DRB1*15:01, HLA‐DRB1*15:02, HLA‐DRB1*03:01, HLA‐DRB1*04:01), and sharing HLA‐A1*01:01 chain, were systemically challenged with purified TSST‐1 and multiple immune parameters were assessed. Among the HLA‐DR alleles, mice expressing HLA‐DRB1*15:01 allele elicited a significantly higher serum cytokine/chemokine response; greater splenic T cell expansion and most severe organ pathology. Our study highlights the potential utility of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mice in understanding the impact of HLA polymorphisms on the outcomes of diseases caused by TSST‐1 and other superantigens.
Reversed Riches and Matthew’s Curse: The Liability of Status When Organizations Misbehave

Merton’s Matthew Effect essay led to a vast literature on the cumulative advantages associated with prestige. Most management research in this vein focuses on the benefits that come to organizations that receive greater recognition for their performance than their lower status counterparts. In this essay, we argue that increased recognition can also be associated with greater exposure to certain risks when an organization engages in misconduct. We identify two specific mechanisms through which these risks emerge and discuss implications for future research on the complex role that status can play in intensifying and mitigating the risks posed by misconduct.
Assessment of executive function and attention in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: Relationships between cognitive measures and real-world behavior

The aim of this study was to examine functional attention and executive deficits present in everyday living in a large sample of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Data are presented from 199 children with NF1 and 55 unaffected sibling controls who were administered the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and Conners' ADHD DSM-IV Scales (CADS). Convergent validity was examined by correlating scale scores from these functional measures with scores from traditional cognitive measures of attention and executive function. Results indicated global functional attention and executive deficits in children with NF1. Relationships between functional impairments and scores on cognitive measures were inconsistent; at best, the magnitude of these relationships was in the moderate range, yet there was also a lack of association between many cognitive tasks and the functional skills they purport to assess. Findings suggest that cognitive and functional measures may tap different constructs and that neuropsychological evaluations should be supplemented with functional assessment tools to provide a more accurate and sensitive encapsulation of a child's strengths and weaknesses to guide remediation programs.
An electron‐flow model can predict complex redox reactions in mixed‐culture fermentative BioH2: Microbial ecology evidence

We developed the first model for predicting community structure in mixed‐culture fermentative biohydrogen production using electron flows and NADH2 balances. A key assumption of the model is that H2 is produced only via the pyruvate decarboxylation‐ferredoxin‐hydrogenase pathway, which is commonly the case for fermentation by Clostridium and Ethanoligenens species. We experimentally tested the model using clone libraries to gauge community structures with mixed cultures in which we did not pre‐select for specific bacterial groups, such as spore‐formers. For experiments having final pHs 3.5 and 4.0, where H2 yield and soluble end‐product distribution were distinctly different, we established stoichiometric reactions for each condition by using experimentally determined electron equivalent balances. The error in electron balancing was only 3% at final pH 3.5, in which butyrate and acetate were dominant organic products and the H2 yield was 2.1 mol H2/mol glucose. Clone‐library analysis showed that clones affiliated with Clostridium sp. BL‐22 and Clostridium sp. HPB‐16 were dominant at final pH 3.5. For final pH 4.0, the H2 yield was 0.9 mol H2/mol glucose, ethanol, and acetate were the dominant organic products, and the electron balance error was 13%. The significant error indicates that a second pathway for H2 generation was active. The most abundant clones were affiliated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, which uses the formate‐cleavage pathway for H2 production. Thus, the clone‐library analyses confirmed that the model predictions for when the pyruvate decarboxylation‐ferredoxin‐hydrogenase pathway was (final pH 3.5) or was not (final pH 4.0) dominant. With the electron‐flow model, we can easily assess the main mechanisms for H2 formation and the dominant H2‐producing bacteria in mixed‐culture fermentative bioH2. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 687–697 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PENGARUH BESARNYA PENJUALAN, LUAS LOKASI, DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KESADARAN PENERAPAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DENGAN PENGETAHUAN ILMU AKUNTANSI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Kasus Pada Pedagang Kaki Lima di Jalan Syekh Basyarrudin Kabupaten Semarang)

This study aims to determine whether the size of the sales, the location, the level of education affect the knowledge of accounting science, to find out whether the size of the sales, the location, the level of education and knowledge of accounting knowledge affect the awareness of the application of financial statements and know whether accounting knowledge mediates the influence of magnitude sales, location and level of education to awareness of the application of financial statements. The population in this study were street vendors who were on Jalan Syekh Basyarrudin with a sample of 100 street vendors. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistics, classic assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, Goodness of Fit and path analysis. The results showed that the amount of sales had a significant positive effect on accounting knowledge, the location and level of education had no significant effect on accounting knowledge, the size of sales and accounting knowledge had a significant positive effect on the awareness of the implementation of financial statements, the location and level of education had no significant effect on the awareness of the application of financial statements, accounting knowledge does not mediate the influence of the size of the business and the extent of the location to the awareness of the application of financial statements, and knowledge of accounting science mediates the influence of the level of education on awareness of the application of financial statements. Based on this research, it is expected that street vendors will learn more about accounting and financial statements to add insight, knowledge, and ideas to the business they run. Keywords : size of sales, location size, level of education, awareness of the application of financial statements, accounting knowledge
Anthropometric risk factors of atherosclerosis: differences between urban and rural east-Slovakian children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To describe selected risk factors of atherosclerosis in probands from East Slovakia, namely their regional (urban/rural), gender-related (male/female) and age (children/adolescents) differences. BACKGROUND The development of cardiovascular disease at a young age is influenced by anthropometric risk factors (obesity and hypertension). PARTICIPANTS The study population consisted of 191 children and adolescents (97 males and 94 females) aged 7-18 from East Slovakia region (114 urban and 77 rural participants). METHODS Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist and hip circumference and skinfold thickness (subscapular, tricipital) were used to calculate the sum of body fat, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. Measured blood pressure was used to classify hypertension. RESULTS Higher means of waist-to-hip ratio and higher presence of obesity, hypertension, positive cardiovascular disease family history and poor lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, stress and low socioeconomic status) were found in urban children and adolescents compared to rural participants. Waist-to-hip ratio was significantly connected with stress at school in rural subjects (p = 0.038) while diastolic blood pressure was assicuated with physical inactivity in urban probands (p = 0.04). In both groups, systolic blood pressure was related to hypertension while diastolic blood pressure correlated with stress at school and hypertension (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of key anthropometric risk predictors and unhealthy lifestyle in East-Slovakian children and adolescents should lead to targeted regional (urban and rural) prophylaxis scheme to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis (Tab. 3, Ref. 30).
Understanding and Deconstructing BitTorrent Performance

ABSTRACT In recent years, BitTorrent has emerged as a very popularand scalable peer-to-peer ﬁle distribution mechanism. It hasbeen very successful at distributing large ﬁles quickly andeﬃciently without overwhelming the capacity of the originserver, even under extreme ﬂash crowd conditions.In this paper, we present a simulation-based study of Bit-Torrent. The goal is to deconstruct the BitTorrent systemand evaluate the impact of its core mechanisms, both indi-vidually and in combination, on overall system performanceunder a variety of workloads. Our evaluation focuses onseveral important metrics, including peer link utilization,ﬁle download time, and fairness amongst peers in terms ofvolume of content served. Our results show that BitTor-rent performs near-optimally in terms of uplink utilization,download time, and fairness, except under certain extremeconditions. We present and evaluate simple techniques de-signed to alleviate the suboptimal behavior encountered un-der such workloads. On the whole, our ﬁndings point to theremarkable robustness of BitTorrent’s performance despite(or perhaps due to) the simplicity of its mechanisms.