Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Financial Development and Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria

The study assessed the impact of financial development on economic growth in Nigeria using time series data from 1970 to 2012. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach to cointegration was utilized for this study. The result from the ARDL model indicate that the variables for this study are cointegrated while the error correction term appeared significant and confirms that short-run disequilibria are corrected up to about 50 percent annually. The empirical results reveals that financial development exerts positive and significant impact on economic growth in the long-run while trade liberalization variables exert negative impact on economic growth in the long-run indicating non-competitive nature of non-oil domestic products in the international market. In the short-run, domestic credit is insignificant which indicates a dearth of investible funds in the economy. There is evidence that financial development policies influence economic growth in the long-run and not in the short-run. This study among others recommends the urgent need to implement policies that will strengthen the deposit mobilization and intermediation efforts in the banking system in other to deepen the financial system. Nigerian trade performance should be improved through economic diversification and further availability of funds to private sector at competitive interest rate in order to produce internationally competitive products.
Health Needs Management among Patients Undergoing Day Case Cataract Surgery: A Proposed Protocol

Cataract surgery has become one of the most technically advanced area of modern medicine, its types include: Intra capsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE), in which the entire lens capsule was removed with the cryoextractor and now it reserved for cases of phacoanaphylaxis and sublaxation of the lens. Extra capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE), in which the lens capsule is incised and the lens cortex and nucleus are removed leaving the posterior capsule and lens zonule in place. Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS), which results in a good visual outcome. Lastly Phacoemulsification (PHACO), is a process of the lens nucleus fragment ion with ultrasonic vibrations and aspirating the lens material through a double - lumen, irrigation-aspiration system that requires only a small incision. A cataract surgery requires much less time and therefore, can be done comfortably even on a medium risk patient. In a similar manner, the basic nursing requirements to be followed are also the criteria for selection on a day care mode.
Feasibility of flexible lightwand‐guided tracheal intubation with the intubating laryngeal mask during out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation by an emergency physician

Background and objective: We tested the feasibility of using the intubating laryngeal mask airway Fastrach™ (ILMA) as a ventilatory device and for flexible lightwand‐guided tracheal intubation for out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation by an emergency physician. Methods: After completion of a training programme, a single experienced emergency physician used the technique for all patients requiring out‐of‐hospital tracheal intubation over a 10‐month period. If access to the head and neck was limited, the intubating laryngeal mask airway was inserted from below and to the side, otherwise it was inserted from above the head. Data about the time for the ambulance to reach the patient, whether or not access to the head and neck was limited, whether or not circulation was successfully restored, and the insertion and intubation success rates were noted. Results: The mean (range) time for the ambulance to reach the patient was 12 (10‐20) min. Access to the head and neck was limited in 8/37 (22%). Circulation was successfully restored in 10/37 (27%). The intubating laryngeal mask airway was successfully inserted at the first attempt in 35/37 (95%) and at the second attempt in 2/37 (5%). The tracheal tube was successfully inserted in 25/37 (67.5%) at the first attempt, 7/37 (19%) at the second attempt and 5/37 (13.5%) at the third attempt. There were no overall failures for intubating laryngeal mask airway insertion or tracheal intubation. There were no differences in success rate between positions. Oesophageal intubation was detected and corrected in 2/37 (5%). Conclusion: The intubating laryngeal mask airway has a high success rate as a ventilatory device and as a flexible lightwand‐guided airway intubator during out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation by a well‐trained emergency physician. This technique may be particularly useful when there is limited access to the head and neck.
Interannual variability in the peatland‐atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange at an ombrotrophic bog

Eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange (NEE) were taken at an ombrotrophic bog near Ottawa, Canada from 1 June 1998 to 31 May 2002. Temperatures during this period were above normal except for 2000 and precipitation was near normal in 1998 and 1999, above normal in 2000, and well below normal in 2001. Growing period maximum daytime uptake (−0.45 mg CO2 m−2 s−1) was similar in all years and nighttime maximum respiration was typically near 0.20 mg CO2 m−2 s−1, however, larger values were recorded during very dry conditions in the fourth year of study. Winter CO2 flux was considerably smaller than in summer, but persistent, resulting in significant accumulated losses (119–132 g CO2 m−2 period−1). This loss was equivalent to between 30 and 70% of the net CO2 uptake during the growing season. During the first 3 years of study, the bog was an annual sink for CO2 (∼−260 g CO2 m−2 yr−1). In the fourth year, with the dry summer, however, annual NEE was only −34 g CO2 m−2 yr−1, which is not significantly different from zero. We examined the performance of a peatland carbon simulator (PCARS) model against the tower measurements of NEE and derived ecosystem respiration (ER) and photosynthesis (PSN). PCARS ER and PSN were highly correlated with tower‐derived fluxes, but the model consistently overestimated both ER and PSN, with slightly poorer comparisons in the dry year. As a result of both component fluxes being overestimated, PCARS simulated the tower NEE reasonably well. Simulated decomposition and autotrophic respiration contributed about equal proportions to ER. Shrubs accounted for the greatest proportion of PSN (85%); moss PSN declined to near zero during the summer period due to surface drying.
Pre- and postoperative atrial fibrillation in CABG patients have similar prognostic impact

Abstract Objectives. To study pre- and postoperative atrial fibrillation and its long-term effects in a cohort of aortocoronary bypass surgery patients. Design. Altogether 615 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass graft surgery in 1999–2000 were studied. Forty-four (7%) had preoperative atrial fibrillation. Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurred in 165/615 patients (27%) while 406/615 patients (66%) had no atrial fibrillation. After a median follow-up of 15 years, symptoms and medication in survivors were recorded, and cause of death in the deceased was obtained. Results. Death due to cerebral ischaemia was most common in the pre- and postoperative atrial fibrillation groups (7% and 5%, respectively, v. 2% among those without atrial fibrillation, p = .038), as were death due to heart failure (18% and 14%, v. 7%, p = .007) and sudden death (9% and 5%, v. 2%, p = .029). The presence of pre- or postoperative atrial fibrillation was an independent risk factor for late mortality (hazard ratios 1.47 (1.02–2.12) and 1.28 (1.01–1.63), respectively). Conclusions. Patients with pre- or postoperative atrial fibrillation undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery have increased long-term mortality and risk of cerebral ischemic and cardiovascular death compared with patients in sinus rhythm.
Racial Differences in the Surgical Care of Medicare Beneficiaries With Localized Prostate Cancer.

IMPORTANCE There is extensive evidence suggesting that black men with localized prostate cancer (PCa) have worse cancer-specific mortality compared with their non-Hispanic white counterparts. OBJECTIVE To evaluate racial disparities in the use, quality of care, and outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) in elderly men (≥ 65 years) with nonmetastatic PCa. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective analysis of outcomes stratified according to race (black vs non-Hispanic white) included 2020 elderly black patients (7.6%) and 24,462 elderly non-Hispanic white patients (92.4%) with localized PCa who underwent RP within the first year of PCa diagnosis in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database between 1992 and 2009. The study was performed in 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Process of care (ie, time to treatment, lymph node dissection), as well as outcome measures (ie, complications, emergency department visits, readmissions, PCa-specific and all-cause mortality, costs) were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Multivariable conditional logistic regression and quantile regression were used to study the association of racial disparities with process of care and outcome measures. RESULTS The proportion of black patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent RP within 90 days was 59.4% vs 69.5% of non-Hispanic white patients (P < 001). In quantile regression of the top 50% of patients, blacks had a 7-day treatment delay compared with non-Hispanic whites. (P < 001). Black patients were less likely to undergo lymph node dissection (odds ratio [OR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66-0.80]; P < .001) but had higher odds of postoperative visits to the emergency department (within 30 days: OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.18-1.86]); after 30 days or more (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.19-1.76]) and readmissions (within 30 days: OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.02-1.61]); ≥ 30 days (OR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.07-1.51]) compared with non-Hispanic whites. The surgical treatment of black patients was associated with a higher incremental annual cost (the top 50% of blacks spent $1185.50 (95% CI , $804.85-1 $1566.10; P < .001) more than the top 50% of non-Hispanic whites). There was no difference in PCa-specific mortality (P = .16) or all-cause mortality (P = .64) between black and non-Hispanic white men. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Blacks treated with RP for localized PCa are more likely to experience adverse events and incur higher costs compared with non-Hispanic white men; however, this does not translate into a difference in PCa-specific or all-cause mortality.
Paradise Shift: Immigration, Mobility and Inequality in Southern California

In a context of widening economic inequality and governmental persecution of undocumented immigrants, central theoretical and policy questions concern the social mobility (intra- and inter-generational) of new ethnic groups being formed as a result of mass migration from Latin America and Asia - especially the rapidly growing generation of children of immigrants now making their transitions to adulthood (finishing their education, entering full-time work, forming families of their own). In this paper findings are presented from merged samples of two research studies in Southern California (IIMMLA and CILS-III). The focus is on the educational mobility of foreign-parentage (1.5- and 2nd-generation) young adults of Mexican, Salvadoran, Guatemalan, Filipino, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Cambodian and Laotian origin - representing distinct and segmented modes of incorporation. The analysis examines factors which facilitate or derail their mobility prospects, including the relative role of parental human capital and legal/citizenship status, family and neighborhood contexts growing up, early school achievement, acculturation, incarceration, and teenage and non-marital child-bearing, compared to patterns observed for native-parentage (3rd-generation and beyond) white, black, and Mexican-American peers. The relationship of acculturation and mobility, the resultant formation of new patterns of urban ethnic inequality and their implications for social science and public policy, are also addressed.
Associations between EEG functional brain connectivity and a cognitive reserve proxy in healthy older adults

Cognitive reserve is a concept that explains individual differences in vulnerability to cognitive impairment due to age and dementia-related brain changes. Mechanisms underlying the cognitive reserve effect are poorly understood. We investigated associations between a comprehensive cognitive reserve proxy (Lifetime Experiences Questionnaire/LEQ) and functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex across the whole scalp, covarying for the level of current cognitive functioning (Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination Revised/ACE-R), using multiblock parallel and orthogonalized partial least squares regression. EEG data were collected from 34 healthy older adults (63 to 83 years) in eyes-open and eyes-closed resting-states, and during 0-back and 1-back tasks. Functional connectivity was estimated using imaginary coherence in the theta and alpha frequency bands, as these bands have been heavily implicated in cognitive ageing, attention and executive function. We found three clusters of electrodes where the absolute values of the regression coefficient were above threshold when covarying for ACE-R: (1) a cluster approximating the right frontocentral region during the eyes-open condition in the theta band with seed electrodes approximating the left prefrontal cortex with positive associations of medium effect size; (2) a cluster approximating the right parietotemporal region during the 0-back task in the theta band with seed electrodes approximating the right prefrontal cortex with negative associations of medium to large effect sizes; and (3) a cluster approximating the occipitoparietal region in the eyes-closed condition in the alpha band with seed electrodes approximating the left prefrontal cortex with negative associations of medium effect size. These relationships between a cognitive reserve proxy and functional connectivity, within key networks and frequency bands associated with attention and executive function, may reflect greater neural capacity and efficiency.
Biomarkers for bladder cancer aggressiveness

Purpose of reviewBladder cancer is associated with high recurrence and mortality rates. Development of accurate surveillance tests to evaluate disease aggressiveness and for prognosis of disease recurrence and progression is a major clinical need. At the molecular level bladder cancer displays a vast heterogeneity as reflected by the presence of multiple potential biomarkers associated with various disease phenotypes. The scope of this review is to briefly summarize the latest findings on biomarkers potentially beneficial in disease stratification based on aggressiveness and prognosis. Recent findingsMultiple potential biomarkers for bladder cancer have been identified corresponding to chromosome, DNA, and epigenetic alterations, as well as changes in RNA, miRNAs, and protein expression levels and modifications. We summarize some of the main biomarker findings reported in the past year that are considered to be potentially correlated to disease aggressiveness. A comparison to existing latest evidence from the classical US Food and Drug Administration-approved bladder cancer detection markers is made. SummaryPotential biomarkers detected noninvasively in urine specimens, as well as in excised tissue specimens following initial treatment, are briefly reported. The prognostic information provided may be significant, as multiple markers by now have been found to correlate with disease outcome. However, the studies presented were in general either too small, and/or the performance of the single biomarkers was moderate. The information presently available suggests that single biomarkers may be insufficient for effective monitoring and patient management. A concerted effort to establish panels of biomarkers based on the ample existing knowledge, and validate them in proper clinical trials is urgently needed.
Low-Temperature Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Ceramic Substrate by Molding Inorganic Aluminosilicate Paste

In this work, an easy and low-temperature fabrication method of three-dimensional (3D) ceramic substrate was proposed. A 3DPC ceramic substrate was fabricated by molding alkali-activated aluminosilicate cement (AAAC) to form up a dam (cavity) on direct plated copper (DPC) ceramic substrate at low temperature. The effects of viscosity and curing temperature of cement paste on the properties of the 3DPC were investigated. The prepared 3DPC ceramic substrate achieved precise dimensions and structure, especially the manufacturing accuracy error was less than 2.5%. By optimizing process parameters, the shear strength between dam and DPC substrate reached up to 9.5 MPa. Moreover, thermal cycle and heat resistance tests confirmed that 3DPC exhibits excellent thermal reliability. All experimental results demonstrated that 3DPC ceramic substrate could satisfy with three dimension packaging and integration.
Psychosocial Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease, Their Importance Compared with Other Risk Factors and Gender Differences in Sensitivity

Background Few studies have focused on risk factors in women's lives concerning psychosocial factors and coronary heart disease (CHD). The present study is one of a series in which a wide range of psychosocial factors will be analysed with a focus on women. Women and men have been compared with respect to sensitivity to psychosocial risk factors regarding CHD. The importance of psychosocial risk factors for women, compared with biomedical risk factors has also been studied. Methods A questionnaire (The Stress Profile) was answered by 538 rehabilitation participants (97 women, 441 men) and a reference group (5308 women, 5177 men), aged 40-65 years. Psychosocial factors were investigated using means and b-coefficients. Comparisons between psychosocial and biomedical risk factors were made, with respect to the product of the β-coefficient and the standard deviation for each compared risk factor. Results Significant differences appeared concerning five areas: Work content, workload and control, physical stress reactions, emotional stress reactions and burnout. All showed that the relative sensitivity was larger for women than for men. Predictive psychosocial risk factors for women with respect to CHD were physical stress reactions, emotional stress reactions, burnout, family relationships and daily hassles/satisfactions, and they were on approximately the same level as biomedical risk factors. Conclusions Women appear to be more sensitive than men with respect to psychosocial risk factors for CHD, and the predictive ability of psychosocial risk factors shows great importance. Actions against unhealthy psychosocial conditions are recommended. Both presumptive CHD patients and others might benefit from preventive actions, and since women are more sensitive they will probably gain more than men. Conclusions. This study shows that women appear to be more sensitive than men with respect to psychosocial risk factors for CHD containing work content, workload and control, physical and emotional stress reactions and burnout. Our data also show a pattern, which could indicate that women experience more psychosocial pressure than men. When comparing predictive ability of psychosocial risk factors versus some traditional risk variables for CHD we could show the importance of such factors. Actions against unhealthy psychosocial conditions, especially in the work environment, are recommended for several reasons. Both presumptive CHD patients and others might benefit from such preventive actions, and since women are more sensitive they will probably gain more than men.
Reactive power control of doubly fed induction generator in wind farm under low grid voltage

This paper calculates the reactive power limit of DFIG (doubly fed induction generator), and discusses the current reactive power control schemes of DFIG. Three methods, which use both the grid and rotor side converters for voltage regulation and reactive power support, are analyzed and compared. This paper presents a new coordinated control strategy, which central idea is to use the grid-side converter as the main reactive power controller and the rotor side converter as auxiliary. The new presented control scheme is modeled on MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Providing reactive power to grid can assist the recovery of the grid voltage.
The interpretative ability of coefficient R2 to calculate the firm value

Several studies have focused on the relationship between the R2 and the firm value. They have tried to explain how different values of R2 affect the firm value. In this paper we examine this relationship for the Greek companies listed on the Greek Stock Exchange, analyzing a sample of 135 listed companies for the 2004-2010 period. The results reveal that R2 is inversely related to the firm value. This is consistent with the model of Dow and Gorton (1997). Moreover, we found that companies with high R2 have significantly higher returns than those with low R2, over a two year period time, which is inconsistent with the findings of Stowe and Xing (2011). Moreover, this research shows that the investment decisions are likely to be based more on investor psychology rather than an analysis of firm-specific information.
What are the determinants of hiring? The role of demand and supply factors

In this paper, we study the relative importance of demand and supply factors for hiring. We use a search-matching model with imperfect competition in the product market to derive an equation for total hiring in a local labor market and estimate it on Swedish panel data. If product markets are imperfectly competitive, product demand shocks should have a direct effect on employment. Our main finding is that product demand is important for hiring. This highlights the importance of taking imperfect competition in the product market into account in studies of employment dynamics and hiring. We also find that the number of unemployed workers has a positive effect on hiring, confirming the importance of search frictions. Hence, both demand and supply factors seem to matter for hiring.
Paradoxical reaction to antitubercular therapy in miliary tuberculosis

An 18-year-old boy presented with fever, weight loss and loss of appetite for 6 months duration. Investigation revealed raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, negative sputum smear examination for acid-fast bacilli, x-ray and high-resolution CT chest showed bilateral, diffuse infiltration of lung parenchyma with miliary shadows. The patient was treated as a case of miliary tuberculosis with antitubercular therapy (ATT). On the 10th day of treatment the patient developed high-grade fever, cough and breathlessness. Chest x-ray showed an increased infiltration of lung parenchyma. The patient was diagnosed as a case of paradoxical reaction to ATT and was managed successfully with steroids.