Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Amount of Vocabulary Instruction for Low-Socioeconomic Students

Researchers have long acknowledged the important role that vocabulary plays in assisting in reading comprehension. Because of the importance of vocabulary, it is necessary to determine how to ensure that all students are making adequate vocabulary gains. The purpose of this study was to determine the necessary amount of instruction for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds to make vocabulary gains. This study considered if providing additional robust vocabulary instruction was beneficial for students. In addition, this study looked to determine if there was a correlation between students' standardized vocabulary test scores prior to instruction and amount of instruction provided to make gains in vocabulary knowledge and if there was a correlation between students' posttest scores and amount of instruction provided. The results of the study indicated that additional vocabulary instruction was beneficial for all students who received it. In addition, this study revealed that there was a significant negative correlation between students' standardized vocabulary test scores and amount of instruction and there was also a significant negative correlation between students' posttest scores and amount of instruction. There are several implications for both the classroom and future research deriving from this study. In the classroom, teachers must be prepared to provide additional vocabulary instruction for students who do not master the taught words at the conclusion of initial instruction. Future research must consider guidelines to determine the appropriate amount of vocabulary instruction to provide for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, continued research is necessary in the area of ameliorating the proven vocabulary differences in students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and their more affluent peers.
ANGEL client manager software architecture design document

The Automated Network Games Enhancement Layer (ANGEL) project aims to leverage Machine Learning (ML) techniques to automate the classification and isolation of interactive (e.g. games, voice over IP) and non-interactive (e.g. web) traffic. This information is then used to dynamically reconfigure the network to improve the Quality of Service provided to the current interactive traffic flows and subsequently deliver improved performance to the end users. Within this scope, the project will develop protocols that allow the adjustment of Consumer Premise Equipment (CPE eg. cable/ADSL) configuration to provide better quality of service to interactive flows detected in real-time. This document describes the basic design motivation of the Client Manager Software Component of ANGEL. The Client Manager is responsible for managing registration and de-registration of individual ANGEL-enabled CPE devices and then delivering flow classification information from the Flow Classifier to all registered users that are routing those flows.
The Internet Playground: Children's Access, Entertainment, and Mis-Education. Second Printing. Popular Culture and Everyday Life Volume 10.

Based on four years of experience teaching computers to 8-12 year olds, media scholar Ellen Seiter offers parents and educators practical advice on what children need to know about the Internet and when they need to know it. The Internet Playground argues that, contrary to the promises of technology boosters, teaching with computers is very difficult. Seiter points out that the Internet today resembles a mall more than it does a library. While children love to play online games, join fan communities, and use online chat and instant messaging, the Internet is also an appallingly aggressive marketer to children and, as this book passionately argues, an educational boondoggle.
Modeling for Comment Trust Recommendation Based on Collaborative Filtering

Asymmetry in the parties of the transaction leads to uncertainty in the transaction. Trust problem has been one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of e- commerce. For e-commerce product review issues, comment trust recommendation model was proposed based on comment credibility degree and user similarity, which combined with social networking trust mechanism and collaborative filtering to offer users with a more personalized trust recommendations. The experimental results demonstrate that the model can effectively improve the recommendation accuracy and solve cold startup problems in collaborative filtering.
Centrality of Téchne for an Aesthetic Approach on Electroacoustic Music

Abstract Electroacoustic music poses methodological problems to purely hermeneutic and historical musicology — problems of epistemological nature betrayed by a lack of ethnomusicological awareness (in a sense to be defined). What is missing is a methodology capable of characterising the technical processes and the designing tools that make up the compositional environment, models, representations, and knowledge‐level strategies, which is understood as traces of cognitive and aesthetic paradigms specific to the medium. It is also shown that an analysis of such kind — drawing on the techne of the making of music — is indispensable in order to shed light on the renewed relation of sound materials to musical form in electroacoustic music. Finally, the problem of whether the theoretical approach outlined here would lend itself to an outlook on normative aesthetics in the context of the presumed a‐normativity of postmodern intellectual endeavours is discussed.
Frame bursting: a technique for scaling CSMA/CD to gigabit speeds

Gigabit Ethernet supports the transmission of ordinary Ethernet frames at a data rate of 1000 Mb/s. Both flow-controlled full-duplex point-to-point links and half-duplex shared collision domains are included in the IEEE 802.3z draft standard. The parameters for half-duplex operation were chosen to align with the requirements of current generic building cabling standards, rather than to match the natural way that network size scales inversely with speed, so a star-wired single repeater topology with a maximum diameter of 200 m is permitted. Thus, gigabit Ethernet is the first time that the CSMA/CD medium access control algorithm has been applied to networks in which the round-trip propagation delay can be much greater than the transmission time for a minimum length frame. In this article, we describe the changes made to CSMA/CD that allow it to support large propagation delays without increasing the minimum frame length or changing its existing one-frame-at-a-time service interface. First, carrier extension is used to decouple the slot time from the minimum frame length, so the slot time can be increased without changing the Ethernet frame format. Second, frame bursting is used to reduce the overhead for transmitting small frames by allowing a host to transmit more than one frame without ever releasing control of the channel. Using simulation, we show that CSMA/CD with carrier extension and frame bursting operating on 1000 Mb/s links provides a significant performance increase over 100 Mb/s Fast Ethernet.
The Evolution of Spin-Off Ventures: An Integrated Model

The article aims to give an overview of the main models in the spin-off research field. The main evolution models known in literature will be analyzed. The evolution models will be discussed in increasing order of complexity. However, the existing models will prove to be inadequate to reflect the real-life situation. Therefore, a new integrative model will be discussed in detail, illustrated by using 17 case studies of Belgian academic spin-offs. The model incorporates the dynamic nature of academic spin-off evolution and the major peripheral aspects. It can be used by practitioners and academics to enhance reproducibility and decision making.
Advanced foreign language learning : a challenge to college programs

1. LITERACY AS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR COLLEGIATE ADVANCED LEARNING. Richard Kern: Literacy and advanced foreign language learning: Rethinking the curriculum Janet Swaffar: A template for advanced learner tasks: Staging genre reading and cultural literacy through the precis Heidi Byrnes and Katherine A. Sprang: Fostering advanced L2 literacy: A genre-based, cognitive approach. 2. HERITAGE LEARNERS AS ADVANCED LEARNERS. Dan Villa: Heritage language speakers and upper division language instruction: Findings from a Spanish linguistics program Olga Kagan and Kathleen Dillon: Heritage speakers'' potential for high level language proficiency. 3. CONTEXTS FOR ADVANCED LEARNING. Casilde Isabelli: Study abroad for advanced foreign language majors: Optimal duration for developing complex structures Astrid Weigert: What''s Business got to do with it? : The Unexplored Potential of Business Language Courses for Advanced Foreign Language Learning Cori Crane, Olga Liamkina, and Marianna Ryshina-Pankova: Fostering advanced level language abilities in foreign language graduate programs: Applications of genre theory. Postscript: Hiram H. Maxim: Expanding visions for collegiate advanced foreign language learning
Timbre morphing of sounds with unequal numbers of features

An algorithm is presented for morphing between sounds (timbre interpolation) using Lemur analysis and synthesis. The Lemur representation is made up of amplitude- and frequency-varying sinusoids. This timbre morphing involves time-scale modification of sounds (to morph between differing attack rates and vibrato rates) as well as amplitude and frequency modification of individual sinusoidal components.
Color correction matrix for digital still and video imaging systems

This document discusses a method for correcting inaccurate color output by digital still and video imaging systems. The method uses a known reference image together with a least–squares algorithm to estimate the optimal color channel mixing matrix that must be applied to the output images in order to correct their color inaccuracies. The techniques presented in this document will provide users of digital photography and video equipment with an automated tool for correcting color output. For instance, digital photography users currently may try to correct color distortions in their images by trial and error using photo editing software. However, these correction procedures are time consuming and subjective and do not normally allow for arbitrary mixing of the color channels. The automated color correction matrix computation presented in this document allows each color component in the corrected image (e.g., red) to be calculated as a linear summation of a DC component and all the color components (e.g., red, green, and blue) in the uncorrected image. Methods to correct non–linearities in the color response of digital imaging systems are also discussed.
A study on Q&A services between community-based question answering and collaborative digital reference in two languages

To explore further improvement of libraries’ reference services in the Web 2.0 environment, we systematically compared community-based question answering (cQA) sites with collaborative digital reference (cDR) services in both English and Chinese languages. We employed a sampling method where we asked a set of questions of four different types and in three domains at selected cQA and cDR sites. The focus of the study includes evaluation of the answer quality and the responsiveness of the sites to the questions. Our results show that cQA sites provide more answers within shorter response times, and they are probably better suited to answer questions about everyday life or questions with easy answers. In contrast cDR services are augmented by better trained librarians, well organized working procedure, and more extensive information sources, so they produce more effective services. We finally hypothesize ideas of combining cQA and cDR under the goal of further improving cDR services.
Neural network architecture for crossbar switch control

A Hopfield neural network architecture for the real-time control of a crossbar switch for switching pockets at maximum throughput is proposed. The network performance and processing time are derived from a numerical simulation of the transitions of the neural network. A method is proposed to optimize electronic component parameters and synaptic connections, and it is fully illustrated by the computer simulation of a VLSI implementation of 4*4 neural net controller. The extension to larger size crossbars is demonstrated through the simulation of an 8*8 crossbar switch controller, where the performance of the neural computation is discussed in relation to electronic noise and inhomogeneities of network components. >
The Development and Validation of the Student Evaluation of Online Teaching Effectiveness

ABSTRACT Traditional student evaluations of teaching do not adequately assess the essential constructivist-based practices that have been recommended for effective online instruction. There is a need for student evaluation of teaching instruments that are specifically designed to provide online instructors with valid feedback about the effectiveness of their online teaching practices. The studies described in this article were undertaken to develop and validate the Student Evaluation of Online Teaching Effectiveness (SEOTE). Items for the SEOTE were written to assess constructivist-based online teaching practices represented by Chickering and Gamson's (1987) Seven Principles of Effective Teaching. The first validation study was conducted by analyzing SEOTE responses from 498 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in online courses. Results from an exploratory factor analysis of SEOTE responses yielded four interpretable factors: Student–faculty interaction, active learning, time on task, and cooperation among students. A second study involving 809 students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate courses was undertaken to provide further validity for the SEOTE. Results from this second validation study identified and confirmed the same hypothesized four-factor SEOTE structure identified by the first validation study.
Main concepts for three different discourse tasks in a large non-clinical sample

Background: Semi-spontaneous speech production tasks are commonly elicited to assess discourse ability. When knowledge of a topic, story, or event is shared, it is possible to gauge the informativeness of discourse by evaluating how accurately and completely an individual produces the concepts considered to be essential to the shared topic. This analysis, main concept analysis (MCA), quantifies the degree to which speakers are able to communicate the overall gist of an event. Though MCA is an easy-to-perform, informative, and reliable measure of discourse adequacy, its widespread adoption depends on the development of standardisation and normative reference. Given the large collection of control discourse transcripts available on the AphasiaBank database, it is possible to generate main concept lists based upon a large sample of control speakers and to characterise their performance to establish preliminary normative reference. Aims: The first aim of this study was to develop main concept checklists drawn from a control population for three semi-spontaneous discourse tasks included in the AphasiaBank protocol—a picture sequence narrative (Broken Window), storytelling (Cinderella), and a procedure (Peanut Butter and Jelly). The second aim was to report MCA results for control speakers to provide a normative reference and to stratify the normative information by age. Methods & Procedures: Ninety-two control transcripts, stratified into four age groups (20–39 years; 40–59 years; 60–79 years; 80+ years), were downloaded from the AphasiaBank database. Relevant concepts were identified, and those spoken by at least one-third of the control sample were considered to be main concepts. A multilevel coding system was used to determine the accuracy and completeness of the main concepts produced by control speakers. Outcomes & Results: Main concept checklists for three discourse tasks are provided. Descriptive statistics are reported and examined to assist readers with evaluation of the normative data. No differences between age groups were observed for the Broken Window narrative. For the remaining discourse tasks, the younger half of the sample generally performed differently than the older half of the sample. Additionally, the two younger age groups did not differ significantly from each other, nor did the two older groups. Conclusions: This study provides main concept checklists drawn from a large control sample. Normative information for main concept production is provided for three discourse tasks. The sample distribution is evaluated relative to the normal probability distribution and the sample composition is described, enabling readers to determine the adequacy of normative characteristics of the sample and also the fit between their patient or client and the normative sample. This study also provides information about main concept or event production for four age groups.
Syntactic and Lexical Variation in Rhetorical Tasks of Low–intermediate EFL College Students

In EFL writing classrooms in Korea, writing was often limited to controlled sentencelevel writing or an expansion of grammar practice, narrowly focusing on discrete units of language. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors which influenced the overall quality of writing in three rhetorical types and the intricate relationships among these factors. The subjects were low-intermediate level Korean college students. The results of quantitative data indicated that the levels of the students’ performance varied on the rhetorical type of writing task and the qualitative data presented a more thorough picture of the students’ writing complementing to the quantitative data. This study shows that the intricate relationship of vocabulary to grammar and quality writing is another area which needs more careful attentions. This study suggests that EFL writers need a minimum level of vocabulary and background knowledge related to a certain topic which affected content and grammar, and finally the overall quality of writing. It is also evident that students’ emotional status also affected the quality of writing, and EFL student writers, especially low-intermediate writers, need to gain experience in reading and writing with different rhetoric and genres.
Performance Measurement : Current Perspectives and Future Challenges

Contents: Series Foreword. Preface. W. Bennett, Jr., C.E. Lance, D.J. Woehr, Introduction. Part I: Problems, Prospects, and Continuing Issues. J.T. Austin, T.R. Crespin, Problems of Criteria in Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Progress, Problems, and Prospects. C.E. Lance, D. Baxter, R.P. Mahan, Evaluation of Alternative Perspectives on Source Effects in Multisource Performance Measures. J.S. Kane, D.J. Woehr, Performance Measurement Reconsidered: An Examination of Frequency Estimation as a Basis for Assessment. Part II: Models of Performance. D.J. Knapp, The U.S. Joint-Service Job Performance Measurement Project. M.A. Hanson, W.C. Borman, Citizenship Performance: An Integrative Review and Motivational Analysis. T. Tubr', W. Arthur, Jr., W. Bennett, Jr., General Models of Job Performance: Theory and Practice. C.C. Williams, R.P. Mahan, Understanding Multiteam System Functioning. Part III: Challenges in Applied Measurement. P.M. Caligiuri, Measurement Performance in a Cross-Cultural Context. E. Salas, C.S. Burke, J.E. Fowlkes, Measuring Team Performance "In The Wild": Challenges and Tips. G.M. Alliger, Leveraging Distributed Systems to Enable Job Redesign: Performance Criteria in the Electronic Age. S.I. Tannenbaum, Applied Measurement: Practical Issues and Challenges. Part IV: Conclusions and Recommendations for Research and Practice. J. Farr, R. Jacobs, Unifying Perspectives: The Criterion Problem Today and Into the 21st Century.
A 7-DOF practical motion planner based on sequential framework: theory and experiments

Presents an implementation of a path planner for a 7-DOF manipulator in 3-D environments. This implementation is based on a previously reported approach called the sequential framework to develop practical motion planners for many-DOF arms. The essence of the sequential framework is to exploit the serial structure of manipulator arms and decompose the n-dimensional problem of planning collision-free motions for an n-link manipulator into a sequence of smaller m-dimensional sub-problems (with backtracking), each of which corresponds to planning the motion of a sub-group of m-1 links along a given path. Each of the sub-problems (m=2) is solved by using numerical potential fields defined over bitmap-based representations of the 2-dimensional sub-spaces. Furthermore, an efficient backtracking mechanism based on a novel notion of virtual forbidden regions in these 2-dimensional sub-spaces is used. The author has implemented the above approach for a real 7-DOF manipulator in realistic 5-dimensional environments. Although it is not complete, the planner succeeded in several difficult examples with only a few levels (/spl les/2) of backtracking with run times ranging from ten minutes to an hour depending on the task difficulty.
Hierarchical Modeling and Inference in Ecology: The Analysis of Data from Populations, Metapopulations and Communities

A guide to data collection, modeling and inference strategies for biological survey data using Bayesian and classical statistical methods. This book describes a general and flexible framework for modeling and inference in ecological systems based on hierarchical models, with a strict focus on the use of probability models and parametric inference. Hierarchical models represent a paradigm shift in the application of statistics to ecological inference problems because they combine explicit models of ecological system structure or dynamics with models of how ecological systems are observed. The principles of hierarchical modeling are developed and applied to problems in population, meta population, community, and meta community systems. The book provides the first synthetic treatment of many recent methodological advances in ecological modeling and unifies disparate methods and procedures.The authors apply principles of hierarchical modeling to ecological problems, including: occurrence or occupancy models for estimating species distribution; abundance models based on many sampling protocols, including distance sampling; capture-recapture models with individual effects; spatial capture-recapture models based on camera trapping and related methods; population and meta population dynamic models; models of biodiversity, community structure and dynamics; wide variety of examples involving many taxa (birds, amphibians, mammals, insects, plants); development of classical, likelihood-based procedures for inference, as well as Bayesian methods of analysis; detailed explanations describing the implementation of hierarchical models using freely available software such as R and WinBUGS; and, computing support in technical appendices in an online companion web site.