Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation and standardization of toxoid from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Habu).

Habu venom and the purified toxic principles (HR1 and HR2) were converted to toxoid with formalin. Immunogenicity was preserved well consistently if formalin was added in several steps to a final concentration of about 0.8%. An adsorbed mixed toxoid composed of purified HR1 and HR2 toxoids was proved to contain all the important antigens necessary for the protection against the envenomation by the Habu bite. Potency of the toxoid preparations can be determined by titrating the circulating antitoxins (anti-HR1 and antiHR2) of the immunized guinea pigs. A practical method for potency test was proposed, in which the potency is expressed in the relative value to a reference toxoid.
Products of complementation between temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40

Temperature-sensitive mutants of the D complementation group of simian virus 40 exhibit delayed complementation. Analysis of the thermal stability, kinetic profiles in temperature shift experiments, and progeny of complementation have led to the hypothesis that delayed complementation is not true complementation, but the result of a very low level of leakiness, followed by phenotypic mixing of the progeny D mutants. This hypothesis is consistent with the proposal that D mutants are defective in uncoating. In the course of these experiments, it was observed that fresh medium suppresses the growth of D mutants at the restrictive temperature.
Characteristics of Patients Who Admitted to the Emergency Department Because of Burns Due to Dens Liquids Such as Hot Milk/Oil.

OBJECTIVE Burn is the tissue damage on body caused due to various reasons. Although all burns caused by hot liquids are investigated as scalding burns, dense liquid burns (DLB) caused by such as milk and oil are different from other burns. The aim of this study was to report the properties of DLB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients admitted to the Emergency Service of Atatürk University Hospital, with DLB from June 2003 to December 2008, were examined retrospectively. RESULTS During the study, 28 DLB patients were admitted to the emergency service. The most common admission were found in autumn 28.6% (n=8), and in May and June, 17.9% (n=5). The frequency of burns on the right upper extremity was seen in 50% (n=14) of the patients. The burn degree of all patients was determined as 2(nd) degree. Seventy-five percent (n=21) of the patients were discharged, 14.3% (n=4) were hospitalized. None of the patients died. CONCLUSION Dense liquid burns is a burn type that is commonly seen in women, absolutely causing 2(nd) degree burns, frequently reported in upper extremity and head/neck regions, and in contrast to other studies, in our region it is completely seen in patients living in city centre.
Dexmedetomidine added to an opioid-based analgesic regimen for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in highly susceptible patients: A randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine, an &agr;2 adrenergic receptor agonist, has analgesic, sedative and sympatholytic properties, with a lack of respiratory depression. It is licensed only for intensive care sedation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate whether intravenous (i.v.) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with dexmedetomidine added to a fentanyl-based drug mixture could reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in highly susceptible patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery. DESIGN A randomised, double-blinded study. SETTING At a tertiary university hospital between September 2012 and September 2013. PATIENTS One hundred and eight patients undergoing level 1 or 2 posterior lumbar spinal fusion who had at least three risk factors for PONV (female, nonsmoker, use of postoperative opioids) were randomised into two groups. Three patients were excluded from analysis and 105 patients completed the study. METHODS Patients received either dexmedetomidine 0.5 &mgr;g kg−1 i.v. (dexmedetomidine group) or 0.9% normal saline (control group) 30 min before the completion of surgery followed by fentanyl 0.5 &mgr;g kg−1 and 4 mg ondansetron. Postoperatively, the PCA (fentanyl 10 &mgr;g kg−1 with 120 mg ketorolac, with or without dexmedetomidine 10 &mgr;g kg−1 made up to a total volume of 100 ml) was programmed to deliver 1 ml bolus (lockout 15 min) with a continuous background infusion of 2 ml h−1. The PCA was used for the first 48 h postoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence and severity of PONV, cumulative dose of PCA fentanyl consumed and pain scores were assessed for 48 h. RESULTS The dexmedetomidine group experienced less nausea during the time interval 1 to 3 h postoperatively compared with the control group [odds ratio (OR) 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13 to 0.77; P = 0.019]. The intensity of nausea between the groups during the first 48 h was comparable, but the dexmedetomidine group had a lower incidence of moderate to severe nausea (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.67; P < 0.003). Pain scores were not significantly different between the groups, but patients in the dexmedetomidine group required less fentanyl and less rescue analgesia in the first 12 h. Compared with the control group, patients in the dexmedetomidine group experienced almost twice as many episodes of hypotension and bradycardia, but this failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Adding dexmedetomidine to a fentanyl-based PCA drug mixture reduces the frequency and severity of acute postoperative nausea in highly susceptible patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01840254.
Barriers and bridges to the integration of social-ecological resilience and law

There is a fundamental difference between the ways in which ecologists and lawyers view uncertainty: in the study of ecology, uncertainty provides a catalyst for exploration, whereas uncertainty is antithetical to the rule of law. This issue is particularly troubling in environmental management, where the tensions between law and ecology become apparent. Rather than acknowledge uncertainties in management actions, legal frameworks often force a false sense of certainty in linking cause and effect. While adaptive management has been developed to deal with uncertainty, laws and legal wrangling can be obstacles to implementation. In this article, we recommend resilience-based governance "adaptive governance" as a means to begin bridging the gap between law and ecology.
Tumor and Stem Cell Biology O-GlcNAc Transferase Integrates Metabolic Pathways to Regulate the Stability of c-MYC in Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Metabolic disruptions that occur widely in cancers offer an attractive focus for generalized treatment strategies. The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) senses metabolic status and produces an essential substrate for O-linked b-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), which glycosylates and thereby modulates the function of its target proteins. Here,we report that theHBP is activated inprostate cancer cells and thatOGT is a central regulator of c-Myc stability in this setting.HBP geneswere overexpressed in human prostate cancers and androgen regulated in cultured human cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of human specimens (n 1⁄4 1987) established that OGT is upregulated at the protein level and that its expression correlates with high Gleason score, pT and pN stages, and biochemical recurrence. RNA interference–mediated siliencing or pharmacologic inhibition of OGT was sufficient todecreaseprostate cancer cell growth.Microarrayprofiling showed that theprincipal effectsofOGT inhibition in prostate cancer cells were related to cell-cycle progression and DNA replication. In particular, c-MYC was identified as a candidateupstreamregulator ofOGT target genes andOGT inhibition elicited a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of c-MYC protein but not c-MYCmRNA in cell lines. Supporting this relationship, expression of c-MYC andOGTwas tightly correlated in human prostate cancer samples (n1⁄4 1306). Our findings identify HBP as amodulator of prostate cancer growth and c-MYCas a key target ofOGT function inprostate cancer cells.Cancer Res; 73(16); 5277–87. 2013 AACR.
Incorporating Feedback into Tree-based Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detectors are often used to produce a ranked list of statistical anomalies, which are examined by human analysts in order to extract the actual anomalies of interest. Unfortunately, in realworld applications, this process can be exceedingly difficult for the analyst since a large fraction of high-ranking anomalies are false positives and not interesting from the application perspective. In this paper, we aim to make the analyst's job easier by allowing for analyst feedback during the investigation process. Ideally, the feedback influences the ranking of the anomaly detector in a way that reduces the number of false positives that must be examined before discovering the anomalies of interest. In particular, we introduce a novel technique for incorporating simple binary feedback into tree-based anomaly detectors. We focus on the Isolation Forest algorithm as a representative tree-based anomaly detector, and show that we can significantly improve its performance by incorporating feedback, when compared with the baseline algorithm that does not incorporate feedback. Our technique is simple and scales well as the size of the data increases, which makes it suitable for interactive discovery of anomalies in large datasets.
Intraoperative Neuraxial Anesthesia But Not Postoperative Neuraxial Analgesia Is Associated With Increased Relapse-Free Survival in Ovarian Cancer Patients After Primary Cytoreductive Surgery

Objectives: Regional anesthesia has been shown to blunt the response to surgical stress and decrease the use of volatile anesthetics and the consumption of opioids, which may reduce immune compromise and potentially delay tumor recurrence. The goal of this study was to find a possible association between intraoperative regional anesthesia and decreased cancer recurrence. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for ovarian cancer between January 1, 2000, and October 1, 2006, were included. Subjects who had optimal surgical debulking (<1.0 cm of remaining tumor) were evaluated for time to tumor recurrence (carcinoantigen 125 >21 U/mL or computed tomography evidence of disease progression) and/or death. Results: One hundred eighty-two patients were evaluated; 127 did not receive epidural anesthesia/analgesia. Among the 55 who had epidural catheters placed, 26 were used intraoperatively and postoperatively; 29 were used only postoperatively. Cancer recurrence was documented in 121 patients. The median (interquartile range) time to recurrence was 40 (25-52) months. The intraoperative use epidural group had a mean (95% confidence interval) time to recurrence of 73 (56-91) months, which was longer than either the epidural postoperative group 33 (21-45) months (P = 0.002) or the no-epidural group 38 (30-47) months (P = 0.001). The postoperative-only and no-epidural groups were not different (P = 0.92). Intraoperative epidural significantly reduced (hazard ratio, 0.37 [95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.73]) tumor recurrence risk. Conclusions: Intraoperative use of epidural anesthesia was associated with an increased time to tumor recurrence after surgery in ovarian cancer patients. This may be a result of preservation of the immune system function.
Hormone receptor status does not affect the clinical benefit of trastuzumab therapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of breast cancer proliferation. The impact of HR status on the clinical outcome of patients with HER2-overexpressing disease treated with the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS To evaluate this, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 805 patients with metastatic breast cancer enrolled in 3 clinical trials comparing trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone or trastuzumab monotherapy as first-, second-, or third-line treatment. Patients whose tumor samples overexpressed HER2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were stratified based on HR status, and clinical outcomes were compared. RESULTS Tumor samples from 596 of 805 patients were HER2overexpressing by FISH; 45% of these were HR-positive and 43% were HR-negative (HR status was unknown in 12%). Overall response rate (ORR) and time to progression (TTP) were significantly higher in patients treated with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab than in those treated with chemotherapy alone, irrespective of HR status. Median survival was longer for patients with HR-positive tumors receiving combination therapy compared with those with HR-negative tumors. In the trastuzumab monotherapy trials, ORR and TTP were similar for patients with HR-positive and HR-negative tumors. Median survival was longer for patients with HR-positive tumors compared with those with HR-negative tumors. CONCLUSION Hormone receptor status did not affect the clinical benefit of trastuzumab given as a single agent or combined with chemotherapy. The addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy provides an improved clinical benefit compared with chemotherapy alone, regardless of HR status.
A phase 2 trial of induction nab‐paclitaxel and cetuximab given with cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil followed by concurrent cisplatin and radiation for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Complete response (CR) at the primary tumor site as assessed by clinical examination following induction chemotherapy with PF (cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil [5‐FU]) is a favorable predictive factor for overall survival and disease control in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In most series, the rate of CR at the primary site after induction PF was 20% to 30%. This study evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of induction nab‐paclitaxel and cetuximab given with PF (ACPF) followed by definitive chemoradiation (CRT) in a phase 2 trial.
Swelling of the brain following ischemic infarction with arterial occlusion.

The common concept of encephalomalacia as an atrophic or a nonexpanding lesion stems from the appearance of the lesion which has been present for a considerable time and in which a sharply delimited destructive lesion has produced decreased bulk of the brain, and perhaps even enlargement of the ventricular system toward the lesion. The appearance of the corresponding lesion of short duration has received relatively little comment, although references to its edematous appearance can be found in the old, as well as in the recent, literature. Recent reports concerning swelling of the brain following massive infarction, often with thrombosis of the internal carotid artery, prompted the following study to determine whether such swelling was a regular occurrence following acute infarction of the brain and, if so, to determine the degree and duration of the swelling. Method In an attempt to limit the number of possible variable factors, only those cases
Biomechanical comparison of two racing wheelchair propulsion techniques.

PURPOSE The purpose was to compare the conventional (CVT) and para-backhand (PBT) techniques used for racing wheelchair propulsion. Selected 3-D kinematic characteristics of the upper body and the electromyographic (EMG) signals of selected muscles during racing wheelchair propulsion over a roller system were examined. METHODS Eight CVT and seven PBT elite performers served as the subjects. Each subject performed maximum effort pushing for 30 s at a load that simulated overground pushing. Two S-VHS camcorders (60 Hz) were used to obtain 3-D kinematic parameters and muscle activity was monitored using surface electrodes. RESULTS The CVT was found to have significant shorter push time, smaller relative push time, and greater relative recovery time than the PBT. The CVT is a more compact stroke (smaller joint range of motion) and the PBT has a faster overall movement speed. Significant differences in arm positions were found between the two techniques at the instants of hand contact and hand release, and the upper arm was more internally rotated at these two instants in the CVT when compared with the PBT. The EMG data showed that large variations in muscle activation patterns existed in each technique group. In general, the flexor carpi radialis and triceps brachii were most active in the push phase. The upper trapezius and postero-middle deltoids were most active in the ascending recovery phase, whereas the extensor carpi radialis, biceps brachii, antero-middle deltoids, and pectoralis major were most active during the descending recovery phase. CONCLUSIONS The greater push time and push angle associated with the PBT suggest that the PBT may be more suitable for endurance athletes who are less explosive in their pushing strokes. The greater time and angle allow PBT users the opportunity to transmit more force to the wheel.
Second-Generation Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty: Eight to Eleven-Year Results

Background: Second-generation cementless femoral components were designed to provide more reliable ingrowth and to limit distal osteolysis by incorporating circumferential proximal ingrowth surfaces. We examined the eight to eleven-year results of total hip arthroplasty with a cementless, anatomically designed femoral component and a cementless hemispheric acetabular component. Methods: Ninety-two consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties with implantation of a femoral component with a circumferential proximal porous coating (Anatomic Hip) and a cementless hemispheric porous-coated acetabular component (Harris-Galante II) were performed in eighty-five patients. These patients were prospectively followed clinically and radiographically. Six patients (seven hips) died and five patients (seven hips) were lost to follow-up, leaving seventy-four patients (seventy-eight hips) who had been followed for a mean of ten years (range, eight to eleven years). The mean age at the time of the arthroplasty was fifty-two years. Results: The mean preoperative Harris hip score of 51 points improved to 94 points at the time of final follow-up; 86% of the hips had a good or excellent result. Thigh pain was reported as mild to severe after seven hip arthroplasties. No femoral component was revised for any reason, and none were loose radiographically at the time of the last follow-up. Two hips underwent acetabular revision (one because of dislocation and one because of loosening). Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was performed with revision or loosening of any component as the end point. The ten-year survival rate was 96.4% ± 2.1% for the total hip prosthesis, 100% for the femoral component, and 96.4% ± 2.1% for the acetabular component.Radiolucencies adjacent to the nonporous portion of the femoral component were seen in sixty-eight (93%) of the -seventy-three hips with complete radiographic follow-up. Femoral osteolysis proximal to the lesser trochanter was noted in four hips (5%). No osteolysis was identified distal to the lesser trochanter. Periacetabular osteolysis was identified in twelve hips (16%). Five patients underwent exchange of the acetabular liner because of polyethylene wear. Conclusions: This second-generation cementless, anatomically designed femoral component provided excellent clinical and radiographic results with a 100% survival rate at ten years. The circumferential porous coating of this implant improved ingrowth and prevented distal osteolysis at a mean of ten years after the arthroplasty.
The far ultraviolet absorption spectra of polypeptide and protein solutions and their dependence on conformation.

Abstract : The absorption spectra of polypeptides and proteins in aquenous solution in the region 185-240 millimicron were investigated and various factors contributing to this absorption were analysed. In polypeptides in the alphahelical form a large hypochromic effect is observed as well as a new feature in the form of a shoulder at 205 millimicron, which is not present in the spectrum of the random coil conformation. The absorption spectrum associated with the beta-form was recorded, and is shown to differ from each of the other two. The hypochromic effect is also observed in proteins, and by applying a correction for the absorption of chromophoric side chains, it is possible to arrive at a value for the helical content of the protein, hich agrees moderately well with data derived from optical rotatory dispersion measurements. (Author)
PIASγ Represses the Transcriptional Activation Induced by the Nuclear Receptor Nurr1*

Nurr1 is a transcription factor essential for the development of ventral dopaminergic neurons. In search for regulatory mechanisms of Nurr1 function, we identified the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier)-E3 ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase, PIASγ, as an interaction partner of Nurr1. Overexpressed PIASγ and Nurr1 co-localize in the nuclei of transfected cells, and their interaction is demonstrated through co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Co-expression of PIASγ with Nurr1 results in a potent repression of Nurr1-dependent transcriptional activation of an artificial NGFI-B response element (NBRE) reporter as well as of a reporter driven by the native tyrosine hydroxylase promoter. We identified two consensus sumoylation sites in Nurr1. The substitution of lysine 91 by arginine in one SUMO site enhanced the transcriptional activity of Nurr1, whereas the substitution of lysine 577 by arginine in the second SUMO site decreased transcriptional activity of Nurr1. Interestingly, PIASγ-induced repression of Nurr1 activity does not require the two sumoylation sites, because each mutant is repressed as efficiently as the wild type Nurr1. In addition, the mutations do not alter Nurr1 nuclear localization. Finally, we provide evidence that Nurr1 and PIASγ co-exist in several nuclei of the rodent central nervous system by demonstrating the co-expression of Nurr1 protein and PIASγ mRNA in the same cells. In conclusion, our studies identified PIASγ as a transcriptional co-regulator of Nurr1 and suggest that this interaction may have a physiological role in regulating the expression of Nurr1 target genes.
Residues of sulfadiazine and doxycycline in broiler liver and muscle tissue due to cross-contamination of feed

Veterinary drugs, such as antimicrobial compounds, are widely used in poultry and may lead to the presence of residues in matrices of animal origin, such as muscle and liver tissue. In this study, broilers received an experimental feed containing sulfadiazine or doxycycline at cross-contamination levels of 2.5, 5 and 10% of the therapeutic dose in feed. Breast and thigh muscle and liver samples were collected during treatment and depletion period and analysed via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Concentrations reached a plateau phase 3–5 days after the start of experimental feeding. A rapid depletion of residues was noted after withdrawal of the experimental feed. No significant differences in measured concentrations were observed between the various muscle types. Residue concentrations for some experimental groups; the 10% group of sulfadiazine and the 5 and 10% group of doxycycline, however, exceeded their corresponding maximum residue limits (MRLs).