Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early essays and Leibniz's new essays concerning the human understanding

Volume 1 of "The Early Works of John Dewey, 1882-1898" is entitled "Early Essays and "Leibniz"'"s New Essays Concerning the Human Understanding, "1882-1888. " Included here are all Dewey's earliest writings, from his first published article through his book on Leibniz. The materials in this volume provide a chronological record of Dewey's early development--beginning with the article he sent to the "Journal of Speculative Philosophy "in 1881 while he was a high-school teacher in Oil City, Pennsylvania, and closing with his widely-acclaimed work on Leibniz in the Grigg's Series of German Philosophical Classics, written when he was an Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan. During these years be-tween 1882 and 1888, Dewey's life course was established: he decided to follow a career in philosophy, completed doctoral studies at Johns Hopkins University, became an Instructor at the University of Michigan, was promoted to Assistant Professor, and accepted a position as Chairman of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Minnesota. With the publication of "Psychology," ""he became well known among scholars in this country; a series of articles in the British journal "Mind "brought him prominence in British philosophical circles. His articles were abstracted in the "Revue philosophique. " None of the articles collected in this volume was reprinted during the author's lifetime. For the first time, it is now possible for Dewey scholars to study consecutively in one publication all the essays which originally appeared in many periodicals.
Botulinum toxin injection improved voluntary motor control in selected patients with post-stroke spasticity

The effect of botulinum toxin type A injection on voluntary grip control was examined in a 53-year-old female, who sustained a hemorrhagic right middle cerebral artery stroke 3 years previously, which resulted in finger flexor spasticity and residual weak finger/wrist extension. The patient received 50 units of botulinum toxin type A injection each to the motor points (2 sites/muscle) of the left flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus, respectively. Botulinum toxin injection led to weakness and tone reduction in the spastic finger flexors, but improved grip release time in grip initiation/release reaction time tasks. Improved release time was accompanied by shortened extensor electromyography activity, and improved release time likely correlated with blocked co-contraction of finger flexors during voluntary finger extension. This case report demonstrated that botulinum toxin injection improved voluntary motor control of the hand in a chronic stroke patient with residual finger extension.
Effect of low or high glycemic load diets on experimentally induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats.

SCOPE High glycemic load diets have been associated with increased breast cancer risk in population-based studies, but the evidence is mixed. This investigation determined whether diets differing in glycemic load affected the carcinogenic process using a preclinical model. METHODS AND RESULTS Human diets, formulated to differ 2-fold in glycemic load, were evaluated in the 1-methyl-nitrosourea-induced (37.5 mg/kg) mammary carcinogenesis model. Cancer incidence (23.3 versus 50.0%, p = 0.032), multiplicity, (0.40 versus 1.03, p = 0.030) and burden, (0.62 versus 1.19 g/rat, p = 0.037) were reduced in the low versus high glycemic load diets, respectively. However, the low glycemic protective effect was attenuated when two purified diets that differed in resistant starch and simulated the glycemic effects of the human diets were fed. Protection was associated with alterations in markers of cell growth regulation. CONCLUSION Our findings show that human low or high glycemic load dietary patterns differentially affect the carcinogenic response in a nondiabetic rodent model for breast cancer. However, factors that are associated with these patterns, in addition to dietary carbohydrate availability, appear to account for the differences observed.
Don’t Cry While You’re Driving: Sad Driving Is as Bad as Angry Driving

ABSTRACT While driving research on affect has mostly focused on anger and road rage, there has been little empirical research on other affective states. Affect researchers widely acknowledge the “sadder but wiser” phenomenon, but there is little evidence if this tendency can be applied to the driving environment as well. The objective of the present study is to empirically test whether sadness enhances driving performance as the sadder but wiser notion might predict or sadness impairs driving performance as its negative valence or low arousal dimension might predict. The study consists of a simulated driving experiment with induced anger, sadness, and neutral affect to examine how anger and sadness influence driving-related risk perception, driving performance, and perceived workload. Sixty-one young drivers drove under three different road conditions with either induced anger, sadness, or neutral affect conditions. After affect induction, there was no difference in subjective risk perception across three affect conditions. However, participants in both affect conditions showed significantly more errors and took longer driving time than those in the neutral condition. Only participants with induced anger reported significantly higher physical workload and frustration than participants with neutral affect. Results are discussed in terms of affect mechanisms, design directions for the in-vehicle affect mitigation system, and limitations of the study.
Outcomes of endoscopic surgery, endoscopic-assisted surgery and open surgery in the treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Introduction: The therapeutic procedures for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) still remain a challenge. Aim: To present the outcomes of JNA treatment at the Department of Otolaryngology in Poznan, Poland, between 2000 and 2008. This study contrasts endoscopic surgery and endoscopic-assisted surgery with open surgery in cases of small and large JNA. Material and methods: We reviewed the histories of patients who were managed surgically for JNA between 2000 and 2008 at the Department of Otolaryngology in Poznan, Poland. The size of the tumour was measured prior to surgery, using contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The extent of the disease was then assessed according to the staging scale proposed by Radkowski et al. Results: Fifteen patients underwent surgery for JNA. Of 8 patients with small tumours, 4 patients underwent open surgery, and 4 patients underwent endoscopic surgery. Of the remaining 7 patients with large tumours, five underwent open surgery and two of them endoscopic-assisted open surgery. In the one-year follow-up of patients who underwent endoscopic surgery exclusively or endoscopic-assisted open surgery no recurrence was found. Of the 9 patients who underwent open surgery, tumour recurrence was observed in 4 cases. Conclusions: Selection of the surgical technique in JNA depends on the extent of the tumour and the equipment available. The endoscopic technique is useful for selected small tumours and open surgery and/or endoscopicassisted open surgery is useful for large tumours. Repeat JNA surgeries may be performed using the open technique, the endoscopic technique, or the endoscopic-assisted open technique.
Direction sensitive bending sensors based on multi-wall carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites

In the present work, a direction sensitive bending strain sensor consisting of a single block of epoxy/multi-wall carbon nanotube composite was developed. Moreover, the manufacturing could be realized in a straightforward single-step processing route. The directional sensitivity to bending deformations is related to the change in electrical resistance, which becomes positive or negative, depending on the direction of bending deflection. This effect is achieved by generating a gradient in electrical conductivity throughout the material. The resistance versus strain behaviour of these devices is investigated in detail and related to the microstructure of the nanocomposites.
Online brand community response to negative brand events: the role of group eWOM

Purpose – Brand communities now play a significant role in building brand loyalty. Past researches focus on how brand community facilitates brand loyalty under normal market situations. Yet, limited research examines consumer responses to negative events within the brand community context. Drawing from social identity theory and the theory of involvement, the present study aims to reveal the role that group eWOM plays in influencing brand community members’ evaluation on negative brand decisions.Design/methodology/approach – By using an experimental study, the current research adopts far brand extension as the empirical testing ground.Findings – This research illustrates that group eWOM's influence on brand community member's attitude toward the negative brand information is affected by member's level of brand community identification and brand involvement. When the group eWOM opposes far extension, high brand community identified members are driven by social creativity to resist negative impacts to the b.
An Evaluation of POS Tagging for Tweets Using HMM Modelling

Recently there has been an increased demand for natural language processing tools that work well on unstructured and noisy texts such as texts from Twitter messages. It has been shown that tools developed for structured texts, do not work well when used on unstructured texts hence necessitates considerable customization and re-training for the tools to be able to achieve the same accuracy on unstructured texts. This paper presents the results of testing a HMM (Hidden Markov Model) based POS (Part-Of-Speech) tagger customized for unstructured texts. The tagger was trained on Tweeter messages on existing publicly available data and customized for abbreviations and named entities common in Tweets. We evaluated the tagger rstly training and testing on the same source corpus and later did cross-validation testing by training on one Twitter corpus and testing on a dierent Twitter corpus. We also did similar experiments with the datasets using a CRF (Conditional Random Frequency) based state-of-the-art POS tagger customized for Tweet messages. The results show that the CRF-based POS tagger from GATE performed slightly better compared to the HMM model at token level, however at the sentence level the performances were approximately the same. An even more intriguing result was that the cross-validation experiments showed that both the tagger’s results deteriorated by approximately 25% at the token level and a massive 80% at the sentence level. This suggests vast dierences between the two Tweet corpora used and emphasizes the importance of recall values for NLP systems. A detailed analysis of this deterioration is presented and the HMM trained model together with the data has also been made available for research purposes.
Utilization of estimated physicochemical properties as an integrated part of predicting hepatic clearance in the early drug-discovery stage: Impact of plasma and microsomal binding

Rapid prediction of hepatic clearance for drug candidates plays an important role for decision-making in the early drug-discovery stage. Although knowledge of protein binding in both plasma and microsomal components is needed in the prediction of metabolic clearance from metabolic stability studies, the capacity of protein binding assays are generally lower than those of metabolic stability assays. However, many in silico prediction methods for protein binding are now available and software packages such as ACDLabs, ADMET Predictor and SimCYP incorporate various aspects of in silico predictions relevant to estimating binding and clearance. This has facilitated the use of various estimated or measured physicochemical parameters, relevant to binding, to predict clearance. In this study, prediction of protein binding for 33 drugs was evaluated using various combinations of estimated physicochemical properties. Subsequently, the most accurate estimated protein binding values were used to predict hepatic clearance using the SimCYP software. For the drugs used herein, SimCYP provided the most accurate prediction for protein binding in both plasma and microsomes using physiochemical properties estimated with the ACDLabs software. In conclusion, the use of in silico methods as an integrated part of predicting hepatic clearance in early drug-discovery stage is recommended.
The relationship between mothers’ thin-ideal and children’s drive for thinness: A survey of Japanese early adolescents and their mothers

We examined the association of mothers’ thin-ideal internalization and children’s drive for thinness. Early adolescents (175 girls and 198 boys) completed a questionnaire to assess their drive for thinness and perceptions of mothers’ attitudes and behaviors related to body shape. The questionnaire for mothers (n = 206) measured mothers’ thin-ideal internalization. Mothers’ thin-ideal internalization was associated with girls’ drive for thinness through the perception of mothers’ attitudes directed to girls, and with boys’ drive for thinness through mothers’ weight-loss behavior. The findings suggest the possibility that mothers transmit social standards on body shape to their children.
Multiclass SVM-based language-independent emotion recognition using selective speech features

In this paper, we emphasize on recognizing six basic emotions viz. Anger, Disgust, Fear, Happiness, Neutral and Sadness using selective features of speech signal of different languages like Germen and Telugu. The feature set includes thirteen Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and four other features of speech signal such as Energy, Short Term Energy, Spectral Roll-Off and Zero-Crossing Rate (ZCR). The Surrey Audio-Visual Expressed Emotion (SAVEE) Database is used to train the Multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and a German Corpus EMO-DB (Berlin Database of Emotional Speech) and Telugu Corpus IITKGP: SESC are used for emotion recognition. The results are analyzed for each speech emotion separately and obtained accuracies of 98.3071% and 95.8166 % for Emo-DB, IITKGP: SESC databases respectively.
Key elements of interprofessional education. Part 2: Factors, processes and outcomes

In the second paper of this two part series on Key Elements of Interprofessional Education (IPE), we highlight factors for success in IPE based on a systematic literature review conducted for Health Canada in its “Interprofessional Education for Patient Centred Practice” (IECPCP) initiative in Canada (Oandasan et al., 2004). The paper initially discusses micro (individual level) meso (institutional/organizational level) and macro (socio-cultural and political level) factors that can influence the success of an IPE initiative. The discussion provides the infrastructure for the introduction of a proposed framework for educators to utilize in the planning and implementation of an IPE program to enhance a learner's opportunity to become a collaborative practitioner. The paper also discusses key issues related to the evaluation of IPE and its varied outcomes. Lastly, it gives the reader suggestions of outcome measurements that can be used within the proposed IPE framework.
Characterization of bioglass ceramic after addition of fluorine in Na 2O-CaO-SiO 2 system

Bioactive glass formed on the base sample (G o) of 45S5 system with fluorine additives samples we re prepared by melt quenching method. The glassy samples were subj ected to DTA for determining temperatures at which phase transition occur. FTTR spectroscopy shed a light on the sorts of compounds, their structure as well as their functional groups. The crystalline nature of sample s was confirmed by XRD. The calculation of crystal size X c revealed that the addition of fluorine as a network modifier didn’t affects the phase formation when t he phase Na 2CaSi 3O8 was formed which is similar to the phase developed within the base sample (G o) the addition of fluorine also caused a shift of the glass transition tempera ture (T g ) o C, softening temperature (T s) o C, and crystallization temperature (T c) o C to lower values.
On sensitivity analysis of general variational inequalities

It is well known that the Wiener-Hopf equations are equivalent to the general variational inequalities. We use this alternative equivalent formulation to study the sensitivity of the general variational inequalities without assuming the differentiability of the given data. Since the general variational inequalities include classical variational inequalities and complementarity problems as special cases, results obtained in this paper continue to hold for these problems. In fact, our results can be considered as a significant extension of previously known results.
Adaptive dynamic control of a quadrotor for trajectory tracking

This work presents an adaptive trajectory tracking controller for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which combines a feedback linearization controller based on a nominal model of a quadrotor and a Neuro Adaptive Compensation (NAC). The NAC is introduced in order to minimize the control errors caused by uncertainties in the nominal parameters. The uncertain parameters of the nominal model are balanced by a Neuro Adaptive Compensator. The proposed adaptive control scheme is robust and efficient to achieve a good trajectory following performance for outdoor and indoor applications. The analysis of the neural approximation error on the control errors is included. Finally, the effectiveness of the control system is proved through numerical simulation.
Infections and the relationship to treatment in neuromuscular autoimmunity

Introduction: This study aimed to identify infections in patients with myasthenia gravis, dermatomyositis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and to investigate the relationship between infection and immunomodulation. Methods: A retrospective chart review examined 631 patients with myasthenia gravis (n = 358), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (n = 124), and dermatomyositis (n = 149) patients over a 10‐year time period. Results: Infection rates were similar at approximately 19% in all 3 diseases. Of the infections in which a causative organism was identified, pneumonia, sepsis, and opportunistic infections were the leading diagnoses. A multivariate model demonstrated a significant association between infection and an increased dose of plasma exchange, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroid therapy. Discussion: There are few large studies investigating rates of infections in patients with autoimmune neuromuscular disorders and the relationship to immunomodulation. This study not only demonstrates the remarkably similar infection rates across the 3 diseases studied, but also shows their relationship to commonly used immunotherapies. Muscle Nerve 57: 927–931, 2018
Environmental Policies and Mergers’ Externalities

A Cournot oligopolistic setting model of trade is characterized by local and foreign firms competing in the presence of pollution quota and tax. Local firms are foreign-owned (FDI) and repatriate their profits. First, we analyze the impact on welfare given by the merger of the local firms, as a response to external firms’ competition and pollution abatement costs. Second, when merger is welfare decreasing, we study the best response of the government in order to compensate this negative externality. Finally, we compare the pollution quota and tax in order to determine their efficiency as a policy instrument.
Self-Assembly of Highly Phosphorylated Silaffins and Their Function in Biosilica Morphogenesis

Silaffins are uniquely modified peptides that have been implicated in the biogenesis of diatom biosilica. A method that avoids the harsh anhydrous hydrogen fluoride treatment commonly used to dissolve biosilica allows the extraction of silaffins in their native state. The native silaffins carry further posttranslational modifications in addition to their polyamine moieties. Each serine residue was phosphorylated, and this high level of phosphorylation is essential for biological activity. The zwitterionic structure of native silaffins enables the formation of supramolecular assemblies. Time-resolved analysis of silica morphogenesis in vitro detected a plastic silaffin-silica phase, which may represent a building material for diatom biosilica.
Prioritizing MCDC test cases by spectral analysis of Boolean functions

Test case prioritization aims at scheduling test cases in an order that improves some performance goal. One performance goal is a measure of how quickly faults are detected. Such prioritization can be performed by exploiting the fault exposing potential (FEP) parameters associated to the test cases. The FEP is usually approximated by mutation analysis under certain fault assumptions. Although this technique is effective, it could be relatively expensive compared to the other prioritization techniques. This study proposes a cost‐effective FEP approximation for prioritizing modified condition decision coverage (MCDC) test cases. A strict negative correlation between the FEP of an MCDC test case and the influence value of the associated input condition allows to order the test cases easily without the need of an extensive mutation analysis. The method is entirely based on mathematics and it provides useful insight into how spectral analysis of Boolean functions can benefit software testing.
DETERMINATION DES METABOLITES MONOESTER DE BUTYLBENZYL-PHTHALATE (BBP) PAR GCMS DANS LES URINES DE PERSONNES EXPOSEES: ANALYSIS OF THE MONOESTER METABOLITES OF BUTYLBENZYL PHTHALATE BY GC-MS IN URINE OF EXPOSED WORKERS

Abstract A method of analysis was developed to determine free and glucuronated monobutyl phthalate (BuP) and monobenzyl phthalate (BeP) in urine for the assessment of exposure of man to butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) in the workplace and in the environment. This method has also been applied in pharmacokinetic studies in experimental animals and the determination in urine of exposed workers. Urine samples are first subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with ß-glucuronidase to enable the measurement of the total amount of monophthalates excreted. A fraction of the hydrolysate is used for further analysis. Monohexyl phthalate is added as an internal standard and the hydrolysed urine extracted with a n-hexane/ dichloromethane mixture after acidification and saturation with salt. The organic fractions are washed, dehydrated and evaporated. The residue is methylated by means of diazomethane dissolved in diethylether, evaporated and further purified by extraction into n-hexane from an alkaline buffer. The organic fractions are evaporated and the residue redissolved in acetonitrile for analysis by ion trap GC-MS equipped with a 50 m apolar WCOT capillary column. TIC mass chromatograms are recorded from which SIM chromatograms can be derived electronically. The m/z values used are 91, 149, and 163 which provide a sufficient sensitive response and which are specific enough to pick up the methylated monophthalates under investigation. The quantitative limit of detection (LOQ) is 60 μg/L for BuP and BeP when using the Magnum ion Trap detector and 3 μg/L when using the Polaris Q in the splitless mode. The calibration curve in urine is linear from 120 μg/L to 50,000 μg/L with a coefficient of variation of less than 10 % . In case of the Polaris Q linearity started from 10 μg/L. The recovery of the method is monitored by the response signal of the internal standard in the ion chromatogram. In the event of insufficient recovery the analysis is repeated. Variations in recovery are compensated by the internal standard of which the molecular structure is very similar to the ones of the monophthalates under investigation.