Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thubunaea ctenosauri sp. n. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from the iguanid lizard Ctenosaura pectinata and other lizard helminths from Mexico

Thubunaea ctenosauri sp. n. is described from the large intestine of the iguanid lizard Ctenosaura pectinata from Aguamilpa, Mexican State of Nayarit. It is characterized mainly by the position of the vulva, number and distribution of caudal papillae, length of spicules (0.066 mm), and size of eggs (0.054-0.060 X 0.039-0.042 mm). Other recorded species of parasitic nematodes are Skrjabinodon scelopori from Phyllodactylus lanei; Parapharyngodon alvarengai from P. lanei, Anolis nebulosus, and Sceloporus nelsoni; and Atractis sce- lopori from C. pectinata and Sceloporus sp. The findings represent new host records, and P. alvarengai is reported from Mexico for the first time.
Flexible Use of Mutual Exclusivity in Word Learning

ABSTRACT From an early age, children apply the mutual exclusivity (ME) assumption, demonstrating preference for one-to-one mappings between words and their referents. However, for the acquisition of referentially overlapping terms, ME use must be suspended. We test whether contextual cues to intended meaning, in the form of presence of a speaker, may be critical for flexible ME application. Four- to five-year-old children were tested on two word learning tasks requiring flexible use of ME, respectively. In Experiment 1, children saw video recordings of the speakers introducing the novel labels. All children successfully applied ME and succeeded in accepting lexical overlap. In Experiment 2, with audio recordings of speakers only, children were unsuccessful at accepting lexical overlap. Thus, flexible use of ME relies on a developing ability to utilise the contextual information present in communicative interactions.
Sociodemographic, health-related and lifestyle correlates of physical activity in adults with current asthma

ABSTRACT Objective: Regular physical activity is associated with better asthma control; however, little is known of the determinants of physical activity in a population of adults with asthma. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify important sociodemographic, health and lifestyle correlates of physical activity among adults with asthma. Methods: Data from adults with asthma aged 18–44 years (n = 2740) from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), 2011–2012 annual component were used for analysis. The main outcome was Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE). This variable was based on frequency and duration of leisure activities in the past 3 months. Self-reported sociodemographic (age, sex, total household income, highest education level, and ethnicity), health-related (body mass index (BMI), self-perceived health, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and asthma symptoms/attacks, past year) and lifestyle (type of smoker, sedentary time, fruit and vegetable consumption) variables were assessed as correlates for DEE. Data were analysed using linear regressions. Results: In the final model, sociodemographic correlates accounted for 4.2% of the variation in DEE. Adding health correlates increased the R2 to 12.1%. Finally, adding lifestyle correlates increased the R2 to 17.6%. Conclusions: In adults with current asthma, the main correlates of physical activity are age, total household income, BMI, self-perceived health, anxiety disorder, sedentary time, and fruit and vegetable consumption. These data are important for informing education and exercise interventions for adults with asthma. Future research is needed to determine asthma-specific correlates of physical activity.
16 Cross-Cultural Differences in Tourist Behavior

The tourism and travel industry has been experiencing an extraordinary increase in international tourism in the past decade. Worldwide interna­ tional travel arrivals increased from 536 million in 1995 to nearly 900 million in 2007, with a 4.1 percent average growth per year. It has been predicted that this number will reach 1.6 billion by the year 2020 (WTO, 2007). These figures indicate continued and significant growth in interna­ tional travel in the future. International travel patterns around the world have also changed in the last decade. The mature destinations, such as Europe and the Americas, show slower-than-average growth. Enormous growth is noticed in emerging markets and developing economies of Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa. These regions are forecasted to record high growth in the future. The major future tourism regions will be Asia and the Pacific, China, India, Eastern and Central Europe, includ­ ing Russia, and Latin America. It seems that travelers from culturally different and non-English-speak­ ing backgrounds will dominate the international marketplaces. Thus, there is a need to improve the ability of those who will be working in the tourism industry to understand and appreciate differences in culturally different tourist behavior and to translate that understanding into effective com­ munication and interaction and appropriate management and marketing strategies. Some cultural differences, such as different ways of life, cus­ toms, dress, music, or cuisine, may be experienced by international tourists directly at a destination and generate interest. Other cultural differences such as kinship systems or many day-to-day practices that are hidden deeply in culture and cannot be experienced directly will require prolonged social contacts with locals and immersion in culture and can generate difficulties in adaptation to a foreign culture. The higher the demand for international tourism and more opportunities for cross-cultural contact, the greater the potential for cultural difficulties and meeting the demands of tourists and achieving their satisfaction.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising from lupus vulgaris

© 2005 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology JEADV (2005) 19, 503–523 Complete blood count, routine biochemical analysis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and urinalysis were normal. Investigation including X-ray examination of the whole body, and computerized tomography of the cranium, chest and abdomen revealed calcification of falx cerebri and left unilateral renal agenesis. NBCCS, also known as Gorlin’s syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder with progressive multisystem involvement. It is regarded as a cancer-associated genodermatosis, as both multiple BCCs and various internal malignancies including medulloblastoma and fibrosarcoma have been reported.1,2 Developmental abnormalities constitute another important aspect of the disorder. Marfanoid build, characteristic face with frontal bossing and hypertelorism, odontogenic keratocysts of the jaws, abnormalities of ribs and vertebrae, polydactyly and shortened metacarpals are present in different frequencies.3 The exact frequency of renal abnormalities in NBCCS is unknown because of insufficient data, but they are reported to be in less than 14% of patients. Most of these renal abnormalities are minor, namely L-shaped kidney, horse-shoe kidney, renal cysts, duplication of renal pelvis and ureter and unilateral renal agenesis.4 Our patient had no complaint related to the genitourinary system and both renal function and urinalysis were normal. Unilateral renal agenesis was detected in abdominal computerized tomography, which was performed for the investigation of metastasis. Most of the treatment choices of regular BCCs can be applied to the BCCs of NBCCS; however, one is contraindicated. Because radiotherapy appears to stimulate new BCC development in these patients by activation of cellular oncogenes due to chromosomal breakage and rearrangements, it should be avoided.5 Our patient had a history of radiotherapy for a BCC on the left malar region, which caused the total loss of vision in the left eye and the development of new BCCs. Therefore, his condition indicates the importance of vigilance in treating NBCCS patients for BCC. The study was supported by Akdeniz University Scientific Research Projects Unit.
Regulation of drug metabolism and disposition during inflammation and infection

The expression and activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) is altered during periods of infectious disease or when an inflammatory response is activated. Most of the major forms of CYP are affected in this manner and this leads to a decrease in the capacity of the liver and other organs to handle drugs, chemicals and some endogenous compounds. The loss in drug metabolism is predominantly an effect resulting from the production of cytokines and the modulation of the transcription factors that control the expression of specific CYP forms. In clinical medicine numerous examples have been reported indicating the occurrence of compromised drug clearance and changes to pharmacokinetics during disease states with an inflammatory component or during infections. For any drug that is metabolised by CYP and has a narrow therapeutic index, there is a significant risk in placing patients in a position where an infection or inflammatory response might lead to aberrant drug handling and an adverse drug response.
Identification of Ventricular Tachycardia of Epicardial Origin from Unipolar Potentials Obtained at the Endocardial Surface: Is It Feasible?

LACROIX, D. , et al.: Identification of Ventricular Tachycardia of Epicardial Origin from Unipolar Potentials Obtained at the Endocardial Surface: Is It Feasible? VT late after myocardial infarction usually originates from the endocardial surface; subepicardial substrates are also possible. The identification of these atypical locations with endocardial mapping remains unresolved even with new mapping technologies. This study compared isopotential maps, signal morphology, and activation patterns around left endocardial breakthroughs recorded in VTs originating from the subepicardium or subendocardium after remote myocardial infarction. These results were extracted from a database of 111 tachycardias obtained at surgery in 34 patients. Mapping was performed with a 128‐unipolar electrode system using an epicardial mesh and a left ventricular endocardial balloon. Subepicardial (n = 7) and subendocardial VTs (n = 10) were defined as complete superficial reentry and/or as tachycardias with a ≥ 25‐ms delay between the earliest activity and the breakthrough of activation on the opposite surface. A positive potential distribution covering the area of initial endocardial activity was observed in a single subepicardial VT but in none of the subendocardial ones (P = NS). R waves were observed on the earliest endocardial unipolar signals in two subepicardial VTs and five subendocardial VTs (P = NS). The area covered by the first 5‐ms or 10‐ ms isochrone at the endocardial level was larger in subepicardial VTs than in subendocardial VTs but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, despite a wider endocardial area of early activity in VTs of subepicardial origin, no reliable criteria can be proposed to identify these tachycardias from mapping data restricted to the endocardial surface. This is probably due to highly nonuniform anisotropic propagation around the scarred tissue.
Diabetes in pregnancy: health risks and management

Diabetes in pregnancy is increasing and therefore it is important to raise awareness of the associated health risks to the mother, the growing fetus, and the future child. Perinatal mortality and morbidity is increased in diabetic pregnancies through increased stillbirths and congenital malformation rates. These are mainly the result of early fetal exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia. In the mother, pregnancy may lead to worsening or development of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and hypoglycaemia. This review defines pregestational and gestational diabetes and the associated health risks to the growing fetus and mother. Management is discussed, focusing on clinical evidence based guidelines published by the American Diabetic Association and the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence on the management of pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes.
Studying the relationship between X-ray emission and accretion in AGN using the XMM-Newton bright serendipitous survey

The authors acknowledge financial support from ASI (grant n. I/088/06/0), from the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (PRIN2010-2011, grant n. 2010NHBSBE) and from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through grant AYA2012-31447.
Social determinants of infectious diseases: a public health priority.

Reducing health inequalities and monitoring social determinants of health in the European Union: a priority of the Spanish Presidency of the European Union 2010 5 by Technical Committee for the priority of the Spanish Presidency on “Monitoring Social Determinants of Health and the Reduction of Health Inequalities”. General Directorate for Public Health and International Health. Ministry of Health and Social Policy, Madrid, Spain
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical performance in older adults: a nationwide study in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND A previous study indicated that 31% of the elderly in Taiwan have a vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D adequacy has been associated with physical performance in the elderly. OBJECTIVES The first aim of the current study was to identify the determinants for vitamin D deficiency. The second aim was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and physical performance. DESIGN A total of 5664 community-dwelling participants aged ≥55 y were recruited since 2008. Plasma total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were originally determined by ELISA and calibrated to a chemiluminescence measurement. Physical performance was assessed by handgrip strength, the Short Physical Performance Battery, timed up and go, a 6-min walk test, and single-leg stands. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to estimate the cross-sectional associations. RESULTS Vitamin D inadequacy (<50 nmol/L) was related to higher education (P-trend < 0.01), body mass index [(BMI; in kg/m2) ORs (95% CIs) for ≥30 compared with 18.5 to <25 were 1.78 (1.14, 2.78) for men and 1.53 (1.11, 2.11) for women], and vegetable intake [fourth compared with first quartile, 1.58 (1.15, 2.18) for men and 2.38 (1.82, 3.12) for women]. Higher intakes of fish [fourth compared with first quartile, 0.44 (0.33, 0.59) for men and 0.27 (0.21, 0.36) for women] and milk [fourth compared with first quartile, 0.46 (0.31, 0.69) for men and 0.69 (0.49, 0.95) for women] were associated with lower risk of vitamin D inadequacy. Few subjects had 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations <30 nmol/L. Above that concentration, there was no dose-effect relation with physical performance except for single-leg stands. CONCLUSIONS The factors associated with vitamin D inadequacy in Taiwan were higher education, higher BMI, and lower fish and milk intakes. No dose-effect relation existed between vitamin D concentration and physical performance except for single-leg stands. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT02677831.
Racial/Ethnic Diversity Management and Cultural Competency: The Case of Pennsylvania Hospitals

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Major demographic trends are changing the face of America's labor pool, and healthcare managers increasingly face a scarcer and more diverse workforce. As a result, healthcare organizations (HCOs) must develop policies and practices aimed at recruiting, retaining, and managing a diverse workforce and must meet the demands of a more diverse patient population by providing culturally appropriate care and improving access to care for racial/ethnic minorities. Ultimately, the goal of managing diversity is to enhance workforce and customer satisfaction, to improve communication among members of the workforce, and to further improve organizational performance. Research on diversity management practices in HCOs is scarce, providing few guidelines for practitioners. This study attempted to close that gap. Results show that hospitals in Pennsylvania have been relatively inactive with employing diversity management practices, and equal employment requirements are the main driver of diversity management policy. The number and scope of diversity management practices used were not influenced by organizational or market characteristics. The results suggest that hospitals need to adopt diversity management practices for their workforces and need to pay particular attention to marketing and service planning activities that meet the needs of a diverse patient population.
PHYLOGENY OF SPECIES OF SCIADICLEITHRUM (MONOGENOIDEA: ANCYROCEPHALINAE), AND THEIR HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY IN THE NEOTROPICS

The phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of species of Sciadicleithrum parasitizing Neotropical cichlid fishes were studied. Hypotheses were: Did the presence of Sciadicleithrum species in southeast Mexico (SM) and Central America (CA) result from early dispersal of cichlid species from South America (SA) to the north via the Antilles during the Tertiary (24 million years ago [mya]), or did it occur after emergence of the Panama Isthmus in the Pleistocene (2–5 mya)? The Sciadicleithrum phylogeny was based on 19 morphological transformation series, with species of Gussevia and Cichlidogyrus as outgroups. The most parsimonious cladogram had a 40% consistency index, with one clade including all the species of Sciadicleithrum from SA and all but one of those from CA and another with all the Sciadicleithrum species from SM and S. maculicaudae from CA. Results support the late dispersal hypothesis following emergence of the Panama Isthmus. Fifteen species of Sciadicleithrum parasitize 13 cichlid species from SA and CA. In contrast, only 4 species of Sciadicleithrum infect 14 cichlid species from SM. Parasite speciation appears to lag behind host speciation, with 2 equally possible explanations: loss of parasite species and host switching.
Similarity measurement of lung masses for medical image retrieval using kernel based semisupervised distance metric.

PURPOSE To develop a new algorithm to measure the similarity between the query lung mass and reference lung mass data set for content-based medical image retrieval (CBMIR). METHODS A lung mass data set including 746 mass regions of interest (ROIs) was assembled. Among them, 375 ROIs depicted malignant lesions and 371 depicted benign lesions. Each mass ROI is represented by a vector of 26 texture features. A kernel function was employed to map the original data in input space to a feature space. In this space, a semisupervised distance metric was learned, which used differential scatter discriminant criterion to represent the semantic relevance, and the regularization term to represent the visual similarity. The learned distance metric can measure the similarity of the query mass and reference mass data set. The clustering accuracy is used to configure the parameters. The retrieval accuracy and classification accuracy are used as the performance assessment index. RESULTS After configuring the parameters, a mean clustering accuracy of 0.87 can be achieved. For retrieval accuracy, our algorithm achieves better performance than other state-of-the-art retrieval algorithms when applying a leave-one-out validation method to the testing data set. For classification accuracy, the area under the ROC curve of our algorithm can be achieved as 0.941 ± 0.006. The running times of 346 query images with the proposed algorithm are 5.399 and 6.0 s, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study results demonstrated the proposed algorithm outperforms the compared algorithms, when taking the semantic relevant and visual similarity into account in kernel space. The algorithm can be used in a CBMIR system for a query mass to retrieve similarity masses, which can help doctors make better decisions.
Excess cause-specific mortality in in-patient-treated individuals with personality disorder: 25-year nationwide population-based study

Background Although personality disorders are associated with increased overall mortality, less is known about cause of death and personality type. Aims To determine causes of mortality in ICD personality disorders. Method Based on data from Swedish nationwide registers, individuals admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder between 1987 and 2011 were followed with respect to mortality until 31 December 2011. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals and underlying causes of death were calculated. Results All-cause SMRs were increased, overall and in all clusters, for natural as well as unnatural causes of death. The overall SMR was 6.1 in women and 5.0 in men, as high as previously reported for anorexia nervosa, with higher rates in cluster B and mixed/other personality disorders. The SMR for suicide was 34.5 in women and 16.0 in men for cluster B disorders. Somatic and psychiatric comorbidity increased SMRs. Conclusions The SMR was substantially increased for all personality disorder clusters. Thus, there was an increased premature mortality risk for all personality disorders, irrespective of category.
Multiple faces of pain: effects of chronic pain on the brain regulation of facial expression

Abstract Pain behaviors are shaped by social demands and learning processes, and chronic pain has been previously suggested to affect their meaning. In this study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with in-scanner video recording during thermal pain stimulations and use multilevel mediation analyses to study the brain mediators of pain facial expressions and the perception of pain intensity (self-reports) in healthy individuals and patients with chronic back pain (CBP). Behavioral data showed that the relation between pain expression and pain report was disrupted in CBP. In both patients with CBP and healthy controls, brain activity varying on a trial-by-trial basis with pain facial expressions was mainly located in the primary motor cortex and completely dissociated from the pattern of brain activity varying with pain intensity ratings. Stronger activity was observed in CBP specifically during pain facial expressions in several nonmotor brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex, the precuneus, and the medial temporal lobe. In sharp contrast, no moderating effect of chronic pain was observed on brain activity associated with pain intensity ratings. Our results demonstrate that pain facial expressions and pain intensity ratings reflect different aspects of pain processing and support psychosocial models of pain suggesting that distinctive mechanisms are involved in the regulation of pain behaviors in chronic pain.
What if Adversarial Samples were Digital Images?

Although adversarial sampling is a trendy topic in computer vision, very few works consider the integral constraint: The result of the attack is a digital image whose pixel values are integers. This is not an issue at first sight since applying a rounding after forging an adversarial sample trivially does the job. Yet, this paper shows theoretically and experimentally that this operation has a big impact. The adversarial perturbations are fragile signals whose quantization destroys its ability to delude an image classifier. This paper presents a new quantization mechanism which preserves the adversariality of the perturbation. Its application outcomes to a new look at the lessons learnt in adversarial sampling.