Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which CSR-Related Headings Do Fortune 500 Companies Use on Their Websites?

This article examines website headings used by Fortune 500 companies in their efforts to inform stakeholders about corporate social responsibility (CSR). Instead of using “Corporate Social Responsibility” as a heading, companies often use specific terms to identify various CSR initiatives. The purpose of this article is to identify common CSR-related headings that are currently used on Fortune 500 company websites. Data were collected from all Fortune 500 company websites. The websites were further analyzed according to manufacturing, retailing, and service industry. Interesting similarities and differences were found. This study provides guidance on articulating CSR-related activities to consumers, employees, and stakeholders.
Depression Symptoms, Acculturation, Needing Care, and Receiving Care: A Study of Adolescents Living in California.

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study are 1) to depict the prevalence of moderate depressive symptoms (MDS) in adolescents living in California, 2) to examine the role of acculturation in reported MDS, and 3) to identify any relationship between acculturation, "needing emotional help," and "receiving psychological or emotional counseling," as reported by adolescents with MDS. METHODS We analyzed data from a cross-sectional population-based telephone survey for adolescents who completed the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) in 2007, 2009, and 2011-2012. The primary predictor variable was level of acculturation. Outcome variables were 1) the presence of MDS, 2) whether participants needed help with emotional problems, and 3) whether they had received psychological or emotional counseling. RESULTS Of the sample (n = 9816), 6.0% had MDS; 50% of these reported needing help for emotional problems, and 30% reported receiving psychological/emotional counseling. Multivariate analysis that included the interaction effects of race/ethnicity and acculturation showed that the latter was not associated with any of the outcome variables. However, Latino adolescent with MDS and moderate acculturation were less likely to report needing help for psychological/emotional problems, compared to their White counterparts with higher acculturation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest disparities in reporting depression symptoms and receiving psychological/emotional help are not driven by adolescents' acculturation levels. However, more studies are needed to clarify what cultural factors facilitate or inhibit moderately acculturated Latino adolescents from reporting needing help for psychological/emotional problems.
How Important are Risk-Taking Incentives in Executive Compensation?

We consider a model in which shareholders provide a risk-averse CEO with risk-taking incentives in addition to effort incentives. We show that the optimal contract protects the CEO from losses for bad outcomes, is convex for medium outcomes, and concave for good outcomes. We calibrate the model to data on 1,707 CEOs and show that it explains observed contracts much better than the standard model without risk-taking incentives. An application to contracts that consist of base salary, stock, and options yields that options should be issued in the money. Our model also helps us rationalize the universal use of at-the-money options when the tax code is taken into account. Moreover, we propose a new measure of risk-taking incentives that trades off the expected value added to the firm and the additional risk a CEO has to take.
Does customer relationship matter in medical cosmeticology service context

This study explores the important role of customer relationship in medical cosmeticology service context, an emerging need of medical care market with proactive health behaviours, wellness and health maintenance behaviours, rather than traditional treatment or cure-seeking behaviours. Convenient sampling and self-reporting survey was conducted to collect data from aesthetic patients, who have been receiving treatment from dermatology medical centres. The proposed structural equation model was assessed using AMOS 7.0 to estimate the path weights. The results of this study indicate that healthcare quality is important and necessary, but relationship creates differentiation. It suggests that customer relationship surpasses service quality as an important determinant of perceptions and behavioural intentions for medical cosmeticology customers.
A content analysis of connectedness vs. separateness themes used in US and PRC print advertisements

Psychologists and anthropologists have long observed that people in different cultures have different self‐concepts in terms of the relation between self and other people. The separated self‐schema or “separatedness” is most often attributed to Western cultures. Applies the connectedness‐separateness theory to test a set of hypotheses using content analysis of advertising themes across cultures. Results revealed that “connected appeals” were used more in PRC advertising, while “separated appeals” were used more in US advertising. Target audiences and product types were found to moderate the cultural effect. The findings were predicted and explained by the connectedness‐separateness self‐schema theory. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
A STAMP ANALYSIS OF THE LEX COMAIR 5191 ACCIDENT

A new view, a holistic systems view, that sees individuals in systems, is growing. It is a view which sees “human error is an effect of trouble deeper inside the system. [where] we must turn to the system in which people work: the design of equipment, the usefulness of procedures, the existence of goal conflicts and production pressure” (Dekker, 2007, p. 131) A new, holistic systems perspective, accident model is used for analysis of the Comair 5191 accident in Lexington, KY on August 27, 2006. The new model is called: Systems—Theoretic Accident Modeling and Processes (STAMP). It incorporates three basic components: constraints, hierarchical levels of control, and process loops. Accidents are understood “in terms of why the controls that were in place did not prevent or detect maladaptive changes, that is, by identifying the safety constraints that were violated and determining why the controls were inadequate in enforcing them” (Leveson, 2002, p. 55). This STAMP analysis of the 5191 accident illustrates the usefulness of the STAMP model to foster evaluation of the whole system and uncover useful levers for elimination of future loss potential thereby making progress on safety.
Risk Management Disclosure Practices of Islamic Banks in the Mena Region: An Empirical Analysis

2 Abstracts: Risk management disclosure practices of Islamic banks in the MENA region havebeen chosen as the focus of this study as the region is currently home to more than 50 percent of the worldwide share of Islamic banks (17). Very little research has been conducted on risk management disclosure of Islamic banksin thisregion. This study examines the compliance level with the IFSB risk disclosure checklist by Islamic Banks using content analysis as a research design andthe OLS regressionas method of analysis. The research finds above average compliance with risk disclosure categories exceptdisplaced commercial risk (DCR), whichshowsa poor result and that size and having foreign subsidiaries can actually assist banks to report on risk factors. It is recommended that DCR should receive proper attention from regulators and supervisors as the importance of providing information to investment account holdersis crucial to the success of the Islamic banking model of profit and loss sharing.
Effects of purified soybean agglutinin on growth and immune function in rats

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of purified soybean agglutinin on growth and immune function in rats. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (77.8 ± 2.6 g) were individually fed casein-cornstarch based diets containing 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 or 0.20% soybean agglutinin (w/w) during a 20-day experiment. Growth declined linearly with increasing the concentration of soybean agglutinin (p < 0.05). The proliferation of lymphocytes in spleen, lymph nodes and blood decreased with an increase in dietary soybean agglutinin (p < 0.05). The concentrations of interleukin-2, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor- in plasma, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes as well as plasma concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM also declined with increasing dose of soybean agglutinin (p < 0.05). The results show that dietary soybean agglutinin has negative effects on growth as well as both cell-mediated and humoral immune function of rats and appears to function in a dose-dependent manner.
Associative DNA methylation changes in children with prenatal alcohol exposure.

AIM Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Previously, we assessed PAE in brain tissue from mouse models, however whether these changes are present in humans remains unknown. MATERIALS & METHODS In this report, we show some identical changes in DNA methylation in the buccal swabs of six children with FASD using the 450K array. RESULTS The changes occur in genes related to protocadherins, glutamatergic synapses, and hippo signaling. The results were found to be similar in another heterogeneous replication group of six FASD children. CONCLUSION The replicated results suggest that children born with FASD have unique DNA methylation defects that can be influenced by sex and medication exposure. Ultimately, with future clinical development, assessment of DNA methylation from buccal swabs can provide a novel strategy for the diagnosis of FASD.
Public policy and saving for retirement: Evidence from the introduction of Stakeholder Pensions in the UK

Faced with ageing populations, OECD governments are searching for policies to increase retirement saving. In 2001, the UK government introduced Stakeholder Pensions – a low cost retirement saving vehicle – targeted primarily on middle earners without access to occupational pensions. We examine the impact of this reform on private pension coverage. Using Family Resources Survey data, we find no evidence that Stakeholder Pensions have increased the proportion of the target group with a private pension. However, coverage has increased since the reform among those with earnings below the target group’s; a result we confirm using a quasi-differences of differences estimator. We argue that this is likely to have arisen from an associated change in the tax regime that was less highlighted in the reform.
Redefining Optimal Nail to Medullary Canal Diameter Ratio in Stainless Steel Flexible Intramedullary Nailing of Pediatric Femur Fractures

Purpose: The ideal canal fill for flexible intramedullary fixation of pediatric femoral shaft fractures is considered to be 80% based upon relatively few clinical studies. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between the summed nail to intramedullary canal diameter (ND/MCD) ratio and alignment at radiographic union following flexible intramedullary nailing (FIMN) of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. Methods: An Internal Review Board approved, retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients who sustained a femoral shaft fracture treated by retrograde, stainless steel FIMN was performed at a single level 1 pediatric trauma center from 2005 to 2012. Preoperative radiographs were analyzed to determine fracture pattern, location, and isthmic canal diameter. ND/MCD ratio was calculated using the sum of the known nail diameters and the measured isthmic diameter. Radiographs at bony union were reviewed to measure shortening, coronal angulation, and sagittal angulation. ND/MCD ratio was analyzed to determine correlative factors with final radiographic outcomes. Results: In total, 261 children underwent retrograde FIMN at an average age of 8.2 years (range, 2.2 to 17.0 y). ND/MCD ratio of ≥80% was seen in 108 (41.4%) patients. When compared with those with <80% ND/MCD ratio, there were no significant differences in age (8.8 vs. 8.0 y), sex (76.9% vs. 71.0% males), or body mass index (18.5 vs. 17.2 kg/m2). There were significantly more length unstable fractures in the <80% ND/MCD ratio group (49.4% vs. 29.7%; P<0.01). Radiographic outcome was no different with respect to coronal angulation (2.7 vs. 3.0 degrees), sagittal angulation (3.0 vs. 3.2 degrees), or shortening (2.5 vs. 4.1 mm). ND/MCD ratio of ≥70% was seen in 176 (67.4%) patients and, when compared with the <70% ND/MCD ratio group, there were no differences in shortening (3.3 vs. 3.9 mm), coronal angulation (2.8 vs. 3.0 degrees), or sagittal angulation (3.0 vs. 3.4 degrees). Finally, 6.9% of the population (18 patients) had ND/MCD ratios <60% and did not demonstrate a significant increase in shortening, coronal, or sagittal angulation compared with groups with higher ND/MCD ratios. No group had an increased rate of infection, implant removal, nonunion, or need for reoperation. Conclusions: In a large series of consecutive patients treated with retrograde stainless steel FIMN there does not appear to be any correlation between the ND/MCD ratio and radiographic outcome. Stainless steel flexible IM nails seem to maintain fracture alignment without an increase in complications at lower ND/MCD ratios than previously reported as “optimal. ” Level of Evidence: Level III.
The relationship between corporate diversification and corporate social performance

Does diversification affect firm response to stakeholder demands and social issues? Despite extensive interest in corporate diversification in the strategy literature, the relationship between diversification and corporate social performance (CSP) remains largely unexplored. In this study, I propose that the level of diversification will be positively related to the CSP of firms. However, when diversified firms have a strong focus on short-term profit, it may discourage firm response to stakeholder demands and investment in social issues, thereby negatively moderating the positive relationship between the level of diversification and CSP. Empirical testing on a sample of U.S. firms generally supports my predictions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production planning of a robot-served machine under probabilistic market demand and fixed selling time

An Optimum Production Planning (OPP) Model for a robot-served machine in the make-to-order (MTO) industry is proposed to minimize the production cost under deterministic order quantity and deadline constraints. The operational cost of the machine and the part handling robot, as well as the fixture costs for both equipments and the product holding cost are considered simultaneously into the objective of the model- This study not only implements the Lagrange Method to resolve the production planning problem, but also provides a verified cost-related property of the Lagrange Multiplier for budget and/or cost forecasting under the deterministic market. Through the forecasted future demand, the step-by-step algorithm to reach the optimal production plan for the probabilistic market is then constructed. In addition, the versatility and adaptability of this study are exemplified through numerical simulation. This paper surely contributes the applicable solution to control a robot-served machine under certain market, as well as to plan the productivity of the machine and the robot in the forecasted future.
Hypoglycaemia, thrombosis and vascular events in diabetes

Hypoglycemia is commonly encountered in the treatment of diabetes and is increasingly seen following intensification of treatment in order to achieve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) targets. Estimates of severe hypoglycemia (defined as the need for third-party assistance) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) vary from 0.98 to 3.2 episodes per patient per year, affecting 22–46% of patients over a 12-month period [1]. Landmark trials such as the DCCT in T1DM [2] and UKPDS in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) demonstrated that improved glucose control leads to a clear reduction in microvascular complications in the medium/long term and a probable reduction in macrovascular disease in the long term but at the expense of an increase in hypoglycemia rates [3,4]. Although HbA1c has been a useful marker of overall glycemic control, it fails to address other important glycemic markers, including hypoglycemia, and therefore, clinical guidelines advocate personalization of HbA1c targets as part of a patient-centered approach to diabetes management [5]. The increased mortality observed in the intensive glycemic arm of the ACCORD study created an ongoing debate on the potential link between hypoglycemia and adverse clinical outcome [6]. A number of studies have since demonstrated close associations between hypoglycemia, increased rate of cardiovascular disease, and mortality in T2DM patients [7–13] and possibly T1DM [10,14], further emphasizing the limitations of HbA1c as the sole measure of glycemic control.
The Ca2+ concentration of the endoplasmic reticulum is a key determinant of ceramide‐induced apoptosis: significance for the molecular mechanism of Bcl‐2 action

The mechanism of action of the anti‐apoptotic oncogene Bcl‐2 is still largely obscure. We have recently shown that the overexpression of Bcl‐2 in HeLa cells reduces the Ca2+ concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum ([Ca2+]er) by increasing the passive Ca2+ leak from the organelle. To investigate whether this Ca2+ depletion is part of the mechanism of action of Bcl‐2, we mimicked the Bcl‐2 effect on [Ca2+]er by different pharmacological and molecular approaches. All conditions that lowered [Ca2+]er protected HeLa cells from ceramide, a Bcl‐2‐sensitive apoptotic stimulus, while treatments that increased [Ca2+]er had the opposite effect. Surprisingly, ceramide itself caused the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and thus [Ca2+] increased both in the cytosol and in the mitochondrial matrix, paralleled by marked alterations in mitochondria morphology. The reduction of [Ca2+]er levels, as well as the buffering of cytoplasmic [Ca2+] changes, prevented mitochondrial damage and protected cells from apoptosis. It is therefore concluded that the Bcl‐2‐dependent reduction of [Ca2+]er is an important component of the anti‐apoptotic program controlled by this oncogene.
Overexpression of osteoprotegerin promotes preosteoblast differentiation to mature osteoblasts.

OBJECTIVE The hypothesis of the present study is that overexpression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) promotes preosteoblast maturation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 was transfected with OPG overexpression. OPG expression was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Changes in the transcription factors in OPG-expressing cells were assessed by real-time polymerase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Alkaline phosphate (ALP) expression was measured by ELISA. RESULTS The success of stable transfection of MC3T3-E1 cells with OPG overexpression was confirmed by MoFlow sorting followed by G418 selection. RT-qPCR showed that expression of RunX2, the most important osteoblast differentiation controlling factor, was suppressed. Smad1 and Akt1, as well as ALP, were upregulated in the OPG overexpressing cells. CONCLUSION Results from the present study provide evidence that overexpression of OPG in preosteoblasts promotes its differentiation into mature osteoblasts.
Buyback Announcements and Stock Market Reaction in India: Testing the Market Condition Hypothesis

This paper aims to study the stock market reaction around buyback announcements made during a 10-year period between 2000-01 and 2009-10 by taking the S&P CNX 500 index companies and dividing the period into normal and active market conditions. Through the standard event study methodology, it also intends to analyze the buyback information impact on stock returns during different conditions and comment on market efficiency in assimilating the information into prices. While evidencing semi-strong form of efficiency during the two periods considered, the study documents the different dosages in the reaction (signaling) of the Indian stock market to buyback announcements in accordance with differing market conditions considered.
Effects of periparturient events on subsequent culling and fertility in eight UK dairy herds

The occurrence of five periparturient events and their effects on subsequent culling and fertility was recorded in eight herds in the UK. Combining data from all 2105 calvings, the proportion affected by assisted calving, dead calf, retained fetal membranes (RFM), milk fever or twins was 5·9, 8·2, 5·3, 5·0 or 3·3 per cent, respectively. Compared with unaffected herdmates, cows with an assisted calving or a dead calf had higher early (but not late) culling rates, (assisted calving: 8·8 per cent being culled before 100 days after calving compared with 5·7 per cent; P = 0·05; dead calf: 12·2 per cent culled compared with 5·3 per cent; P = 0·001). Compared with unaffected animals, cows with milk fever were four times more likely to be culled before 100 days after calving (16·2 per cent compared with 5·3 per cent; P = 0·001), whereas those with RFM were twice as likely to be culled between 100 and 200 days (14·3 per cent compared with 7·6 per cent; P = 0·003), and both groups were twice as likely to not be pregnant by 200 days. Cows with RFM or milk fever also had markedly reduced subsequent fertility: both conditions extended calving to pregnancy intervals (by 20 days; P = 0·001, or by 13 days; P = 0·03, respectively), lowered 100-day in-calf rates (by 24·5 per cent; P = 0·001, or by 17·8 per cent; P = 0·008, respectively) and lowered 200-day in-calf rates (by 20 per cent; P = 0·001, or by 15 per cent; P = 0·002, respectively). The birth of twins had no effect on subsequent culling or fertility.
Stress and Coping: Latino Youth Coming of Age in a New Latino Destination

Previous research has linked stress to adverse mental health outcomes among Latino adolescents living in the United States. The mechanism through which this process operates continues to be explored, especially in regions of the country where Latin American immigrants and their children have only recently begun to migrate. Our study aimed to contextualize the processes of stress and coping among Latino adolescents growing up in an emerging Latino destination in the United States—North Carolina. All adolescents in our study were either the first- or second-generation children of immigrants from Latin American countries, including Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, and Mexico. We used a longitudinal qualitative design, conducting in-depth interviews with 12 parent-adolescent dyads during each adolescent’s first year of high school (2006-2007) and approximately 4 years later (2009-2010). We identified four stress-coping trajectories that varied on the following dimensions: primary sources of stress, buffers countering these stressors, coping approaches, and the effects of these processes on adolescents’ striving for socioeconomic mobility. Our findings underscore the interplay between family, school, and community environments within an emerging Latino destination.