Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Respirable quartz hazard associated with coal mine roof bolter dust

This study examined the potential for coal mine roof bolter dust to be a source of a worker’s exposure to respirable quartz. For the models of roof bolter studied, the dust from bolt hole drilling is collected by a dry vacuum exhaust system. The collected dust-laden air passes through a cyclone size-separator (pre-cleaner) and into a collector box containing two additional cyclones and a filter cartridge. The filtered air is then discharged through a muffler into the ambient mine air. The pre-cleaner is designed to remove oversize dust, with the pre-cleaner undersize dust passing to a collector box. The pre-cleaner periodically dumps collected dust onto the mine floor. To assess the hazard presented by the roof bolter dust, bulk samples of the pre-cleaner dust and collector box dust were obtained from roof bolters operating in Mine Safety and Health Administration Coal Districts 4, 5, 6, and 7. Forty-six samples of each dust type were collected from twenty-six mines. Dust size distributions were determined for each sample. The quartz content was also determined for forty samples. The fraction of pre-cleaner dust smaller than 10 micrometers ranged from 5.3% to 35.4%. Quartz content, by weight, of the pre-cleaner dust ranged from 9.8% to 53%. The collector box dust was significantly smaller in size with the fraction of dust below 10 micrometers ranging from 13% to 86.7%, its quartz content ranged from 1.0% to 79%. Airborne dust samples along with detailed observations of the bolter operation were collected at two of these mines to further evaluate potential for worker exposure. This study quantifies the high content of respirable quartz in the roof bolter pre-cleaner cyclone dump dust and the collector box dust.
Ultrasound investigation of vastus medialis oblique muscle architecture: An in vivo study

There is thought to be a link between vastus medialis oblique (VMO) architecture and patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Historical data are largely derived from older populations, whereas PFPS commonly affects younger populations. The aim of this study was to gather data on VMO architecture in young asymptomatic adults, to provide baseline values for comparison with symptomatic sufferers. VMO maximum fiber angle and insertion ratio were measured with ultrasound. The insertion ratio represents the proportion (%) of the patella which has the muscle fibers attaching to its medial border. Eighty knees from 40 healthy young subjects (18 males, 22 females, and age 20–30) were assessed. Individual Tegner scores were recorded to assess participants' level of physical activity. Results were compared with data in the literature for PFPS sufferers and normal older individuals. Mean fiber angle and insertion ratio were 56.6° and 57.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference between age groups. The insertion ratio was higher among females (61.2% F:53.6% M). There was some evidence of increased fiber angle and decreased insertion ratio with increased Tegner score. There was some overlap in fiber angle between healthy knees in this study and values reported elsewhere for pathological knees. VMO fiber angle and insertion ratio are not age‐related. The overlap in fiber angle values between healthy and pathological knees suggests that the cause of PFPS is multifactorial. An individual's VMO architecture may be affected by their physical activity level, which could have important implications for PFPS. Clin. Anat. 27:1076–1084, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison and analysis of massive MIMO linear precoding schemes in the downlink

Comparison and analysis of the regularized zero forcing (RZF) precoder, Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury (SMW)-based precoder, rapid numerical algorithms (RNA)-based precoder and the truncated polynomial expansion (TPE)-based precoder are compared and analyzed for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless system in a downlink scenario. The achievable data rates and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were investigated. The simulated outcome agrees with the theory of massive MIMO system. Also the RZF precoder, RNA-based precoder and the SMW-based precoder perform better in comparison to TPE-based precoder under good CSI quality and low ratio of transmit to receive antennas.
A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 2. Spatially and environmentally explicit estimates of egg production

Bernal, M. , Stratoudakis, Y. , Wood, S. , Ibaibarriaga, L. , Uriarte, A. , Valdes, L. , and Borchers, D. 2011. A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 2. Spatially and environmentally explicit estimates of egg production. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . A spatially and environmentally explicit egg production model is developed to accommodate a number of assumptions about the relationship between egg production and mortality and associated environmental variables. The general model was tested under different assumptions for Atlanto-Iberian sardine. It provides a flexible estimator of egg production, in which a range of assumptions and hypotheses can be tested in a structured manner within a well-defined statistical framework. Application of the model to Atlanto-Iberian sardine increased the precision of the egg production time-series, and allowed improvements to be made in understanding the spatio-temporal variability in egg production, as well as implications for ecology and stock assessment.
Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction study of ranolazine and metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ranolazine and metformin may be frequently co‐administered in subjects with chronic angina and co‐morbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The potential for a drug–drug interaction was explored in two phase 1 clinical studies in subjects with T2DM to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of metformin 1000 mg BID when administered with ranolazine 1000 mg BID (Study 1, N = 28) or ranolazine 500 mg BID (Study 2, N = 25) as compared to metformin alone. Co‐administration of ranolazine 1000 mg BID with metformin 1000 mg BID resulted in 1.53‐ and 1.79‐fold increases in steady‐state metformin Cmax and AUCtau, respectively; co‐administration of ranolazine 500 mg BID with metformin 1000 mg BID resulted in 1.22‐ and 1.37‐fold increases in steady‐state metformin Cmax and AUCtau, respectively. Co‐administration of ranolazine and metformin was well tolerated in these T2DM subjects, with no serious adverse events or drug‐related adverse events leading to discontinuation. The most common adverse events were nausea, diarrhea, and dizziness. These findings are consistent with a dose‐related interaction between ranolazine and metformin, and suggest that a dose adjustment of metformin may not be required with ranolazine 500 mg BID; whereas, the metformin dose should not exceed 1700 mg of total daily dose when using ranolazine 1000 mg BID.
Effect of invasive strategy on different genders of chinese patients with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of in‐hospital revascularization on different genders and to compare the gender difference in short‐ and long‐term prognosis of Chinese patients with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Background: The benefit of invasive strategy between the genders of Asian ethnic populations with NSTEMI remains unclear. Methods: A total of 343 consecutive NSTEMI patients were enrolled, 104 (30%) of them were women. All patients were followed up for at least 3 years or until the occurrence of a major event. The primary end point was all‐cause death. The secondary end point was the combined occurrence of death or myocardial (re‐)infarction (MI). Results: The adjusted in‐hospital and long‐term clinical outcomes were similar between men and women. However, in‐hospital revascularization significantly reduced long‐term mortality and composite endpoint in men (P < 0.001), but not in women. After risk stratification by GRACE score, there was favorable effect of invasive strategy in high‐risk women. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, GRACE score (hazard ratio; HR, 1.017; P < 0.001) and in‐hospital revascularization (HR, 0.516; P = 0.008) were the independent predictors of death or MI in men. However, only GRACE score was the independent predictor of composite endpoint in women (HR, 1.012; P = 0.004). Conclusions: In Asian ethnic patients with NSTEMI, the in‐hospital and long‐term prognosis were similar between men and women. In‐hospital revascularization has a benefit in men and high‐risk women for reducing the all‐cause death at 1 and 3 years. Our data provide evidence supporting the guideline recommendation for an invasive strategy in high‐risk women. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Verification of Near-Interface Traps Models by Electrical Measurements on 4H-SiC n-Channel Mosfets

4H-SiC n-channel lateral MOSFETs were manufactured and characterized electrically by current-voltage measurements and by numerical simulation. To describe the observed electrical characteristics of the SiC MOSFETs, Near-Interface Traps (NIT) and mobility degradation models were included in the simulation. The main finding of the simulation is that two models for the NIT states in the upper part of the SiC bandgap are able to describe the electrical data equally well. In one of them, acceptor-like traps and fixed charge are considered while in a newly developed one, donor-like traps are taken into account also.
Towards Deep Learning in genome-Wide Association Interaction studies

The complexity of phenotype-genotype mapping are characterised by non-linear interactions between gene-gene and gene-environmental factors. These interaction studies provide better understanding of underlying biological architecture of complex disease traits. A number of statistical and machine learning approaches have been proposed to identify multi-locus interactions between genetic variants and their association to a disease. However, the challenges hindering these approaches are missing heritability, curse of dimensionality, and computational limitations. Despite abundant computational methods and tools available to discover interactions, there have been no breakthrough methods that can demonstrate replicable results. In this paper, a deep feedforward neural network is trained to identify two-locus interacting genetic variants responsible for a disease risk. The method is evaluated on number of simulated datasets to predict the performance of the model. The results are encouraging with replicable results. Hence, the model is further evaluated to confirm its findings on a published genome-wide association dataset. The experimental results demonstrated significant improvements in the prediction accuracy over the previous approaches. The result ranks top 20 interactions among 35 polymorphisms associated with the disease.
Comparison and Evaluation of Recommendation Systems on Social Networks

Social network based-recommendation has some benefits that it approach used for improve of recommendation systems. Recommendation systems are appropriate tools for provide useful and suitable recommendations in social networks. Nowadays web users are not only consumers of information, but they actively participate in social networks. We checked dimensions of recommendation systems on social networks in this paper and reviewed the related articles and then classified those based on the main technique for articles. We categorized the articles into four techniques, includes tag-based, context-based, social influence-based and trust-based recommendation system on social network. Finally we compared properties of articles in each category and then explained advantages and disadvantages of each model.
P2P streaming using multiple description coded video

Today's peer-to-peer applications benefit from the fact that many users offer their resources (mostly inform of files). Those resources are mainly connected via relatively low-bandwidth, asymmetric access networks (such as ADSL or cable modems), which make it hard to realize the streaming of video data. Thus, audio visual content is usually downloaded and not streamed in today's peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. In order to provide streaming support it is necessary to take into account the asymmetric character of the up-load and download links. We show that by making use of multiple description coded (MDC) video and the fact that single descriptions can be sent from different peers, streaming in peer-to-peer applications is feasible. The paper discusses the different issues related to this topic. It explains MDC and compares it to hierarchically layered encoded video (HLEV). Further, the conditions under which MDC can be used for P2P streaming are discussed and it is shown how it can be deployed in a P2P environment.
The Controlled Oxidation of Hydrogen from an Explosive Mixture of Gases Using a Microstructured Reactor/Heat Exchanger and Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst

With advances achieved in the area of microreactor technology, new possibilities for the use of microchannel reactors in the field of heterogeneous catalysis are now attainable. By exploiting these microstructured reactors for their relatively high surface-to-volume ratio and the inherent safety due to dimensions below the quenching distance at which explosions can propagate, hazardous reaction mixtures can be handled safely. The aim of this paper is to present the results on the catalytic H2/O2 reaction obtained from an alumina-coated microstructured reactor/heat exchanger that has been impregnated with a platinum catalyst. With this reactor, explosive mixtures of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen (up to 50% by volume of H2 in O2) were safely handled and the hydrogen was completely converted to water without explosions by maintaining a heterogeneously catalyzed reaction. The homogeneous reaction was prevented through efficient removal of the heat evolved from this highly exothermic reaction with cooling gas flowing in the heat exchanger channels of the reactor. It is anticipated that the use of microstructured reactors in catalysis research will add new levels of safety and control in studying chemical systems that necessarily involve explosive mixtures of gases. c ∞ 2000 Academic Press
Use of Computed Tomography in the Emergency Department for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Peritonsillar Abscess

Objective The objective of this study was to review our pediatric emergency department’s (ED’s) utilization of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess (PTA) and treatment outcomes. Methods This study used case series with chart review. Results From January 2007 to January 2009, 148 patients were seen in our ED for possible PTA. Mean age at presentation was 11.8 years (range, 10 months to 18 years); 81 (54.7%) of 148 were females. Computed tomography was ordered in 96 (64.9%) of 148 patients, of which 73 (49.3%) 148 were confirmed to have PTA. Mean age of patients who underwent CT was younger when compared with those who did not have CT performed (mean, 11 vs 13 years; P = 0.02). Unilateral PTA was found in 65 (43.9%) of 148, bilateral in 8 (5.4%) of 148, and intratonsillar in 25 patients (16.9%). Concomitant CT findings of parapharyngeal space involvement were found in 19 (12.8%), and retropharyngeal space involvement in 11 (7.4%). Admission was necessary for 104 (71.2%) of 148 patients, whereas 42 were discharged from the ED. Transoral needle aspiration and/or incision and drainage were performed in the ED in 41 patients, with purulence identified in 33 (80.5%) of 41. Rapid strep testing was positive in 40 (32%) of 124 patients tested. Operative treatment was necessary in 44 patients (29.7%), 34 underwent incision and drainage, and 10 underwent quinsy tonsillectomy. Conclusions Computed tomography is commonly utilized in the ED for the evaluation of PTA and is ordered more often in younger children.
Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: update of systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES To update the evidence for associations between antibiotic classes and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (HA-CDI). METHODS Electronic databases of journal articles, scholarly theses and conference proceedings using subject headings and keywords related to CDI and antibiotic exposure were searched. Observational epidemiological studies measuring associations between antibiotic classes and HA-CDI were eligible for inclusion. Pooled ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using a random effects model. Study factors identified a priori were examined as sources of heterogeneity. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Of 569 citations identified, 13 case-control and 1 cohort study (15,938 patients) were included. The strongest associations were found for third-generation cephalosporins (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.80-5.71; n = 6 studies; I(2) = 79.2%), clindamycin (2.86, 2.04-4.02; n = 6; I(2) = 28.5%), second-generation cephalosporins (2.23, 1.47-3.37; n = 6; I(2) = 48.4%), fourth-generation cephalosporins (2.14, 1.30-3.52; n = 2; I(2) = 0.0%), carbapenems (1.84, 1.26-2.68; n = 6; I(2) = 0.0%), trimethoprim/sulphonamides (1.78, 1.04-3.05; n = 5; I(2) = 70%), fluoroquinolones (1.66, 1.17-2.35; n = 10; I(2) = 64%) and penicillin combinations (1.45, 1.05-2.02; n = 6; I(2) = 54%). The study population and the timing of measurement of antibiotic exposure were the most common sources of heterogeneity. Study quality scored high for seven studies, moderate for six studies and low for one study. CONCLUSIONS The risk of HA-CDI remains greatest for cephalosporins and clindamycin, and their importance as inciting agents should not be minimized. The importance of fluoroquinolones should not be overemphasized, particularly if fluoroquinolone-resistant epidemic strains of C. difficile are absent.
Paraganglion cells stain positively for OCT4: a potential pitfall in assessing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimens for germ cell tumour metastasis

preparation. The aspirate was cellular, and showed dyshesive malignant cells with round–ovoid nucleoli, scant cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli (Figure 1A). The cells showed the following immunoprofile: CD45, CD3, CD4 and CD5 were positive; CD8, CD20, CD10 and Bcl2 were negative. Occasional cells showed CD99 positivity. The Ki67 proliferative index was 80–90%. The morphology and immunophenotype were highly suggestive of T lymphoblastic lymphoma. However, unexpectedly, TdT immunocytochemistry was negative (Figure 1B). Further sampling of the lesion was advised, in order to make a definitive diagnosis. Biopsy of the mass was carried out subsequently, obtaining two 18 G cores of tissue. Cores showed infiltration by small–medium-sized lymphoid cells with high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, stippled chromatin and occasional nucleoli (Figure 1C). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated similar results to those obtained on the FNA specimen except that, on this occasion, TdT staining of the malignant cells was strongly positive (Figure 1D). A diagnosis of T lymphoblastic lymphoma was made and the patient was commenced on treatment accordingly. A literature search was carried out to help identify any reason why TdT immunocytochemical staining might be negative in a case which, in all other respects, fitted the criteria for lymphoblastic lymphoma. A study was identified in which cell dehydration and alcohol fixation were shown to denature TdT. The authors examined smears from the bone marrow or peripheral blood of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in two ways. First, air-dried smears were fixed with methanol, acetone or ethanol –acetic acid. Secondly, non-dehydrated cells were fixed with glutaraldehyde and treated with non-ionic detergents (compounds NP 40 and Brij 56) for membrane permeabilization. It was found that methanol reduced TdT positivity significantly compared to detergents. Acidified ethanol staining was inferior even to methanol. The authors suggested that denaturation artefacts in the evaluation of TdT immunocytochemistry could be avoided by the use of non-dehydrated cells fixed with glutaraldehyde and treated with non-ionic detergents. Similar false-negative immunocytochemical results with alcohol-based fixatives have also been shown with regard to other antibodies (S100, Hep Par 1 and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15), and it is postulated that leaching out of proteins is the cause. However, air-drying and alcohol fixation remain one of the main methods of preparing FNA cytology samples. FNA sampling is used frequently for diagnosis of soft tissue masses in which the differential diagnosis includes lymphoma. In particular, lymphoblastic lymphoma is one of the main differential diagnoses in the case of a mediastinal mass. We believe it is important to be aware of this potential pitfall whereby a false-negative TdT result may be obtained in a case of lymphoblastic lymphoma, as it has the potential to lead to delayed or misdiagnosis of this aggressive disease.
Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

The common cold is an acute, self-limiting viral infection of the upper respiratory tract involving the nose, sinuses, pharynx and larynx. The virus is spread by hand contact with secretions from an infected person (direct or indirect) or aerosol of the secretions and virus. [1][1] The incubation
On the complexification of the Weierstrass non-differentiable function

It is shown that for the Weierstrass nowhere differentiable functions X a , b (t) = Σ ∞ n = 0 a n cos(b n t) and Y a , b (t) = Σ ∞ n = 0 a n sin(b n t) the set (X a , b , Y a , b ) ([0,2π]) has a non-empty interior in R 2 , provided b E N, b > 2 and a < 1 is sufficiently close to 1. It follows that the box dimension of graph(X a , b , Y a , b ) is equal to 3 - 2a where a = - log a/ log b and its Hausdorff dimension is at least 2. Moreover, the level sets L(s) for X a , b and Y a , b have Hausdorff dimension at least a for open sets of s E R, so the Hausdorff dimension of graph X a , b and graph Y a , b is at least 1 + a.
Inhibition of ad Libitum Feeding in Rats by Salt Injections and Water Deprivation

Inhibition of ad libitum feeding in rats was induced by hypertonic NaCl injections. Though osmotic loads of sufficient size were capable of abolishing feeding completely for a time, the effect was not as large as had been predicted from a hypothesis of strictly linear subtractive inhibition. Feeding at a low level of hunger seems to be somewhat less affected by osmotic inhibition than feeding on a deprivation schedule. Inhibition of feeding was also produced by deprivation of water, and both the inhibition of food intake during deprivation, and the disinhibition by subsequent drinking indicated that the amount of inhibition of food intake is a non-linear (accelerating) function of water deficit. A model of the process indicating that the thirst signal undergoes a non-linear transformation before being subtracted from the signal corresponding to food demand is proposed.