Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aesthetics in Orthodontics : Six horizontal smile lines

Introduction: Smile analysis is an important stage for the diagnosis, planning, treatment and prognosis of any dental treatment involving aesthetic objectives. The evaluation of the intrinsic characteristics of the smile is a necessary procedure to achieve consistent form in orthodontic treatments, which in turn makes it necessary to recognize the components and factors that affect these characteristics. Objective: The objective of this work is to present six horizontal smile lines and their importance in obtaining the desired results in orthodontic treatments. Conclusion: The analysis of the six horizontal smile lines facilitates the understanding of the intrinsic characteristics that interfere in the aesthetics of the mouth. Moreover, a harmonization of these lines gives each professional a higher possibility of success in their treatments that include aesthetic objectives. Abstract
Does Stereotype Threat Deteriorate Academic Performance of High School Students With Learning Disabilities? The Buffering Role of Psychological Disengagement

The academic underperformance of high school students with learning disabilities may reduce their access to higher education and decrease their employment opportunities. Based on stereotype threat hypothesis, the present study examined the role of stereotype threat in academic performance among adolescents with learning disabilities and the moderating role of psychological disengagement in this relation. In Study 1, 120 students with learning disabilities finished the measures of stereotype threat vulnerability and psychological disengagement, and their academic score at two time points were collected. Results showed that students who are more vulnerable to stereotype threat tend to have a lower academic score at Time 2 even after controlling for academic score at Time 1, and this relation was moderated by psychological disengagement. In Study 2, 62 sophomore students with learning disabilities finished measures of stereotype threat, academic persistence, and psychological disengagement. The results showed that the effect of stereotype threat on academic persistence was significant among students who were of low psychological disengagement, while this effect was not significant among students who were psychologically disengaged in academics. These results emphasize the individual differences of learning disabled students’ response to stereotype threat and have significant implications for framing targeted interventions.
Relationship between Phase Occurrence, Chemical Composition, and Corrosion Behavior of as-Solidified Al–Pd–Co Alloys

The microstructure, phase constitution, and corrosion performance of as-solidified Al70Pd25Co5 and Al74Pd12Co14 alloys (element concentrations in at.%) have been investigated in the present work. The alloys were prepared by arc-melting of Al, Pd, and Co lumps in argon. The Al74Pd12Co14 alloy was composed of structurally complex εn phase, while the Al70Pd25Co5 alloy was composed of εn and δ phases. The corrosion performance was studied by open circuit potential measurements and potentiodynamic polarization in aqueous NaCl solution (3.5 wt.%). Marked open circuit potential oscillations of the Al70Pd25Co5 alloy have been observed, indicating individual breakdown and re-passivation events on the sample surface. A preferential corrosion attack of εn was found, while the binary δ phase (Al3Pd2) remained free of corrosion. A de-alloying of Al from εn and formation of intermittent interpenetrating channel networks occurred in both alloys. The corrosion behavior of εn is discussed in terms of its chemical composition and crystal structure. The corrosion activity of εn could be further exploited in preparation of porous Pd–Co networks with possible catalytic activity.
Healthy Recovery: A Pilot Study of a Smoking and Other Health Behavior Change Intervention for People Attending Residential Alcohol and Other Substance Dependence Treatment

Abstract Objective: It is common for people attending alcohol and other substance dependence treatment to present with multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as high rates of smoking, physical inactivity, and poor diet. Healthy lifestyle interventions are increasing in importance in the general population, but have been underexamined within alcohol and other substance use populations. The purpose of the current study was to pilot “Healthy Recovery,” a group program that primarily aimed to help people attending alcohol or other substance dependence treatment to reduce or quit smoking. The program also encourages participants to increase physical activity and to eat more servings of fruit and vegetables. Methods: The current study was conducted as a non-randomized controlled pilot trial. All participants were attending residential substance dependence treatment provided by the Australian Salvation Army. In addition to treatment as usual, participants in the treatment condition completed Healthy Recovery (n = 50) and participants in the control group completed an online depression program (n = 27). The study examined the health outcomes of participants (i.e., smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and symptom distress) and the feasibility of running the group sessions within the residential facilities. Results: Within-treatment effects demonstrated medium to large positive effects for reductions in smoking and increases in physical activity, servings of fruit, and servings of vegetables for people completing Healthy Recovery. When compared to the control condition, there were medium effects in favor of the Healthy Recovery condition for reductions in smoking and increases in physical activity. There was a small effect for servings of fruit and no effect for servings of vegetables. Conclusions: Results from this study demonstrated that people attending residential substance dependence treatment are willing and capable of engaging in multiple health behavior change interventions.
Dietary acid load and cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract Objective: Dietary acid load (DAL) might contribute to change the levels of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, the results are conflicting. The present review was conducted to determine the relationship between DAL and cardiometabolic risk factors. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting: A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases including ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar for observational studies which assessed cardiometabolic risk factors across DAL. Outcomes were lipid profile, glycaemic factors and anthropometric indices. Effect sizes were derived using a fixed- or random-effect model (DerSimonian–Laird). Also, subgroup analysis was performed to find the probable source of heterogeneity. Egger’s test was performed for finding any publication bias. Results: Thirty-one studies were included in the current review with overall sample size of 92 478. There was a significant relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP; weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1·74 (95 % CI 0·25, 3·24) mmHg; P = 0·022; I 2 = 95·3 %), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; WMD = 0·75 (95 % CI 0·07, 1·42) mmHg; P = 0·030; I 2 = 80·8 %) and DAL in cross-sectional studies. Serum lipids, glycaemic parameters including fasting blood sugar, glycated Hb, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and waist circumference had no significant relationship with DAL. No publication bias was found. BMI was not associated with DAL in both cross-sectional and cohort studies. Conclusions: Higher DAL is associated with increased SBP and DBP. More studies are needed to find any relationship of DAL with lipid profile and glycaemic factors.
Association of Stress, Mental Health, and VEGFR-2 Gene Polymorphisms with Cardiometabolic Risk in Chinese Malaysian Adults

Gene-environment (G × E) interactions involving job stress and mental health on risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are minimally explored. This study examined the association and G × E interaction effects of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) gene polymorphisms (rs1870377, rs2071559) on cardiometabolic risk in Chinese Malaysian adults. Questionnaires: Job Stress Scale (JSS); Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21); and Rhode Island Stress and Coping Inventory (RISCI) were used to measure job stress, mental health, and coping with perceived stress. Cardiometabolic risk parameters were evaluated in plasma and genotyping analysis was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The subjects were 127 Chinese Malaysian adults. The allele frequencies for rs1870377 (A allele and T allele) and rs2071557 (A allele and T allele) polymorphisms were 0.48 and 0.52, and 0.37 and 0.63, respectively. Significant correlations include scores from JSS dimensions with blood glucose (BG) (p = 0.025–0.045), DASS-21 dimensions with blood pressure, BMI, and uric acid (p = 0.029–0.047), and RISCI with blood pressure and BG (p = 0.016–0.049). Significant G × E interactions were obtained for: rs1870377 with stress on total cholesterol (p = 0.035), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.019), and apolipoprotein B100 (p = 0.004); and rs2071559 with anxiety on blood pressure (p = 0.006–0.045). The significant G × E interactions prompt actions for managing stress and anxiety for the prevention of CVD.
Near-universal hospitalization of US emergency department patients with cancer and febrile neutropenia

Importance Febrile neutropenia (FN) is the most common oncologic emergency and is among the most deadly. Guidelines recommend risk stratification and outpatient management of both pediatric and adult FN patients deemed to be at low risk of complications or mortality, but our prior single-center research demonstrated that the vast majority (95%) are hospitalized. Objective From a nationwide perspective, to determine the proportion of cancer patients of all ages hospitalized after an emergency department (ED) visit for FN, and to analyze variability in hospitalization rates. Our a priori hypothesis was that >90% of US cancer-associated ED FN visits would end in hospitalization. Design Analysis of data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2006–2014. Setting Stratified probability sample of all US ED visits. Participants Inclusion criteria were: (1) Clinical Classification Software code indicating cancer, (2) diagnostic code indicating fever, and (3) diagnostic code indicating neutropenia. We excluded visits ending in transfer. Exposure The hospital at which the visit took place. Main outcomes and measures Our main outcome is the proportion of ED FN visits ending in hospitalization, with an a priori hypothesis of >90%. Our secondary outcomes are: (a) hospitalization rates among subsets, and (b) proportion of variability in the hospitalization rate attributable to which hospital the patient visited, as measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Of 348,868 visits selected to be representative of all US ED visits, 94% ended in hospitalization (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 93–94%). Each additional decade of age conferred 1.23x increased odds of hospitalization. Those with private (92%), self-pay (92%), and other (93%) insurance were less likely to be hospitalized than those with public insurance (95%, odds ratios [OR] 0.74–0.76). Hospitalization was least likely at non-metropolitan hospitals (84%, OR 0.15 relative to metropolitan teaching hospitals), and was also less likely at metropolitan non-teaching hospitals (94%, OR 0.64 relative to metropolitan teaching hospitals). The ICC adjusted for hospital random effects and patient and hospital characteristics was 26% (95%CI 23–29%), indicating that 26% of the variability in hospitalization rate was attributable to which hospital the patient visited. Conclusions and relevance Nearly all cancer-associated ED FN visits in the US end in hospitalization. Inter-hospital variation in hospitalization practices explains 26% of the limited variability in hospitalization decisions. Simple, objective tools are needed to improve risk stratification for ED FN patients.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Pharmacological Inhibition or Knockdown of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase in BV2 Microglial Cells

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) has been recognized as a therapeutic target for several neurological diseases because its inhibition can exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by boosting the endogenous levels of N-acylethanolamines. However, previous studies have shown inconsistent results by pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of FAAH in response to inflammation. In this study we used two inhibitors, PF3845 and URB597, together with siRNA knockdown to characterize further the effects of FAAH inhibition in BV2 microglial cells. Treatment with PF3845 suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and down-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal PGE synthase. PF3845 reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines but had no effect on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory effects of URB597 were not as potent as those of PF3845. Knockdown of FAAH also suppressed PGE2 production and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Interestingly, FAAH knockdown enhanced expression of anti-inflammatory molecules in both the absence and presence of LPS treatment. The anti-inflammatory effects of FAAH inhibition and knockdown were not affected by the cannabinoid receptor antagonists or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) antagonists. Although inhibition and knockdown of FAAH have potent anti-inflammatory effects and possibly lead to the dynamic change of microglial gene regulation, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
Chorionic gonadotropin induces dendritic cells to express a tolerogenic phenotype

The pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been suggested to play an immunoregulatory role in addition to its endocrine function, thus contributing to the prevention of fetal rejection. We hypothesized that hCG is involved in the maternal‐fetal immune tolerance by the regulation of dendritic cell (DC) function. Therefore, we studied the effect of hCG on DC maturation. Upon hCG treatment in combination with LPS, mouse bone marrow‐derived DC (BMDC) increased the ratio of IL‐10:IL‐12p70, down‐regulated TNF‐α, and decreased antigen‐specific T cell proliferation. Addition of hCG together with LPS and IFN‐γ blocked MHC class II up‐regulation, increased IL‐10 production, and decreased the antigen‐specific T cell proliferation by DC. Splenic DC showed similar results. Upon hCG treatment, IDO mRNA expression and its metabolite kynurenine were increased by LPS‐ and IFN‐γ‐stimulated DC, suggesting its involvement in the decreased T cell proliferation. To study the effect of hCG on DC differentiation from precursors, BMDC were generated in the continuous presence of hCG. Under this condition, hCG decreased cytokine production and the induction of T cell proliferation. These data are suggestive for a contribution of hCG to the maternal‐fetal tolerance during pregnancy by modifying DC toward a tolerogenic phenotype.
Do sensorimotor cortex activity, an individual’s capacity for neuroplasticity, and psychological features during an episode of acute low back pain predict outcome at 6 months: a protocol for an Australian, multisite prospective, longitudinal cohort study

Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with prevalence doubling in the past 14 years. To date, prognostic screening tools display poor discrimination and offer no net benefit of screening over and above a ‘treat all’ approach. Characteristics of the primary sensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortices may predict the development of chronic LBP, yet the prognostic potential of these variables remains unknown. The Understanding persistent Pain Where it ResiDes (UPWaRD) study aims to determine whether sensorimotor cortex activity, an individual’s capacity for plasticity and psychosocial factors in the acute stage of pain, predict LBP outcome at 6 months. This paper describes the methods and analysis plan for the development of the prediction model. Methods and analysis The study uses a multicentre prospective longitudinal cohort design with 6-month follow-up. 120 participants, aged 18 years or older, experiencing an acute episode of LBP (less than 6 weeks duration) will be included. Primary outcomes are pain and disability. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from Western Sydney University Human Research Ethics Committee (H10465) and from Neuroscience Research Australia (SSA: 16/002). Dissemination will occur through presentations at national and international conferences and publications in international peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number ACTRN12619000002189; Pre-results.
Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis is not able to reflect microvessel density in HNSCC

Abstract Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a functional imaging technique sensitive to microstructure in tissues. It is widely acknowledged to reflect cellularity in tumors. A small part of DWI is also sensitive to perfusion-related information and might therefore be also be able to reflect microvessel density in tumor tissues. Aim of the present study was to elucidate possible correlations between microvessel density and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Thirty-four patients with histologically proven primary HNSCC were included in the study. DWI was performed with a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (b-values 0 and 800 s/mm2) and histogram analysis was calculated with a whole lesion measurement. In every case, microvessel density was estimated with CD105-stained specimens. There were no statistically significant correlations between ADC histogram parameters and microvessel density. The calculated correlation coefficients ranged from r = -0.27, P = . 13 for entropy and vessel area to r = 0.16, P = . 40 for ADCmin and vessel count. Whole-lesion histogram analysis of ADC values cannot reflect microvessel density in HNSCC.
Physical exercise training effect and mediation through cardiorespiratory fitness on dual-task performances differ in younger-old and older-old adults.

OBJECTIVE It has often been reported that dual-task performance declines with age. Physical exercise can help improve cognition, but these improvements could depend on cognitive functions and age groups. Moreover, the mechanisms supporting this enhancement are not fully elucidated. This study investigated the impacts of physical exercise on single and dual-task performance in younger-old (<70) and older-old (70+) adults. The study also assessed whether the training effect on cognition was mediated by improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS One-hundred forty-three participants (65 to 89 years) took part in a physical exercise intervention for three months or were assigned to a control group. All participants completed a dual-task paradigm and an estimated measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. Regression models were used to test the training effect on these outcomes, and mediation analyses were used to determine if the training-related cognitive changes were mediated by changes in cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS In 70+, training predicted improved processing speed (βc = - .33) and cardiorespiratory fitness (βa = .26) and the effect of training on processing speed was fully mediated by change in cardiorespiratory fitness (βab = -.12). In <70, training predicted improvement in task-set cost (βc = -.26) and change in cardiorespiratory fitness (βa = .30) but improvement in task-set cost was not entirely mediated by change in cardiorespiratory fitness.
Cytokinesis in animal cells.

The organizers of this meeting probably placed cytokinesis first because it has long been an object of curiosity, speculation and investigation and because it appears to be a relatively simple event. It has been studied for so long because it is obviously important in the life of cells; and, for an activity that is controlled and carried out within the resources of a single cell, it is comparatively easy to see. The observer of cytokinesis in a large, relatively transparent cell like a cleaving sea urchin egg may think he has seen all the important aspects of the process, but appearances are deceptive. He can see the overall cell dimensions, the general form of the mitotic apparatus and the distance between the astral centers, the deformation of the surface contour that comprises division and (with the aid of natural or introduced particles) local changes in surface behavior. He cannot see (but may think he can) the location and nature of the constraints and forces that reshape the cell, the outermost limits of the mitotic apparatus and the location of regions where the action of the mitotic apparatus upon the surface is most intense. Whether cytokinesis can serve as a useful example for analysis of other kinds of cell deformation and shape change is not now clear. It seems evident that all shape changes have similar requirements but they may not be carried out by the same processes. Shape change requires that a forceproducing mechanism be created and used. The cell must put the mechanism in the right place and in the right orientation, and it must activate and deactivate it at the right times.
Cannabis Use Disorder and Epilepsy: A Cross-National Analysis of 657 072 Hospitalized Patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent evidence has suggested that cannabis use precipitates cerebrovascular events. We investigated the relationship between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and hospitalization for epilepsy. METHODS Nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) was analyzed from 2010 to 2014 for patients (age 15-54) with a primary diagnosis of epilepsy (N = 657 072) and comparison was made between patients with ICD-9 classification of CUD and without CUD. We utilized logistic regression to study the association (odds ratio [OR]) between CUD and epilepsy. RESULTS The incidence of CUD in epilepsy patients was 5.77%, and patients with CUD had a threefold higher likelihood of emergency admissions. Patients with CUD were younger (25-34 years), male and African American. In regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, cannabis (OR, 1.56), tobacco (OR, 1.20), and alcohol (OR, 1.63) use disorders were found to be associated with higher odds of epilepsy hospitalization, but lower odds with cocaine (OR, 0.953), amphetamine (OR, 0.893), and opioid (OR, 0.828) use disorders. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE With the increasing prevalence of medical marijuana legalization, there is increased use of medicinal marijuana. Studies of cannabidiol and marijuana for epilepsy have been highly publicized, leading to its off-label use for treatment. There is limited evidence to suggest that the cannabinoids may also induce a seizure. This study found that CUD is independently associated with a 56% increased likelihood of epilepsy hospitalization and this association persists even after adjusting for other substance use disorders and confounders. (Am J Addict 2019;1-9).