Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction and algebraic characterizations of a planar four-index transportation problem equivalent to a circularization network flow problem

In this study, a circularization network flow problem with m + n + 2 nodes and (m + 1)(n + 1) arcs is described as a planar four-index transportation problem of order 1 × m × n × 1. Construction and several algebraic characterizations of the planar four-index transportation problem of order 1 × m × n × 1 are investigated using the generalized inverse and singular value decomposition of its coefficient matrix. The results are compared with some results we obtained on the transportation problem with m sources and n destinations. It is shown that these problems can be solved in terms of eigenvectors of the matrices J m and J n , where J m is a m × m matrix whose entries are 1.
The Usefulness of Long-Term Accruals

Though empirical evidence strongly supports the role of short-term operating accruals in improving operating cash flows as a measure of performance, there is little support or consensus with respect to the effect of long-term accruals. We provide evidence that long-term accruals do reduce timing and matching problems in cash flows. In return-earnings regressions, long-term accruals are found to improve earnings as a measure of firm performance, although not to the same extent as short-term accruals. Further, our analysis highlights differences in economic and statistical properties between short-term and long-term accruals and demonstrates how these differences impede the ability of long-term accruals to improve earnings as a performance measure in a return-earnings context. The incremental explanatory power of long-term accruals is shown to be hampered by the lack of present-value considerations in the existing accounting model, timeliness problems, and measurement error in the indirect method of computing cash flows and accruals.
Co-creating Interactive Obstacles and DIY Skateboarding Spaces

In this paper, we use research through design approach to introduce the skateboarding community to the maker's culture. Our goal was to provide an opportunity for skaters to experience sketching with technology, sharing ideas on making obstacles embedded with technology, executing one of the ideas and participating in envisioning co-created DIY (Do-It-Yourself) urban skateboarding spaces. In total, twenty-eight skateboarders were actively involved in the process of sketching, ideation, and subsequently making and evaluating a sound-based interactive skateboarding obstacle. The contributions of this paper include the framework for supporting maker activities for and with skateboarders, the artefact itself and the knowledge that emerged from its use in the appropriate urban environment. Finally, the highlights from interviews with twelve highly skilled skaters are provided. The analysis of the interviews resulted in the improvement of the initial framework that was based on the five key principles of creativity in everyday life. Furthermore, the skaters shared their reflections on the use of the obstacle, the making process, and speculated around the emergence of participatory maker culture within the community and possibilities to create urban environments that include creative DIY projects, such as the described one.
A Real-Time Indoor WiFi Localization System Utilizing Smart Antennas

In this paper, we study issues associated with the implementation of a real-time WiFi localization system for an indoor environment. This system utilizes smart antennas to receive signal strength from a mobile target (access point) and send the signal strength information to a data processing station. This information is combined to find the direction of arrival of the signal and triangulate the mobile target position. No prior radio-frequency finger-printing is required, thus reducing the computational complexity. We present experimental results to illustrate the performance and accuracy of the localization system for an indoor environment set-up1.
The Error Surface of the Simplest XOR Network Has Only Global Minima

The artificial neural network with one hidden unit and the input units connected to the output unit is considered. It is proven that the error surface of this network for the patterns of the XOR problem has minimum values with zero error and that all other stationary points of the error surface are saddlepoints. Also, the volume of the regions in weight space with saddlepoints is zero, hence training this network on the four patterns of the XOR problem using, e.g., backpropagation with momentum, the correct solution with error zero will be reached in the limit with probability one.
Correlated Order Flow: Pervasiveness, Sources, and Pricing Effects

We examine the importance of indexing, industry, and broad market forces in driving common effects in order flow, returns, and trading costs. Common effects are strong for order flow and returns in a sample of S&P 500 stocks, but are weak in a sample of non-index stocks and for trading costs in both samples. Industry and broad market effects exist in order flow for both samples, but indexing effects are dominant. Correlated order flow drives common effects in returns and, to a lesser extent, those in trading costs. An event study of the effect of index addition on order flow and return comovement reinforces these conclusions. Our results show that common effects are not pervasive and have implications for diversification strategies and price formation models.
Shocks and rural livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

This paper describes the impacts that three shocks in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, have had on rural livelihoods: the desiccation of river channels, animal diseases, and HIV/AIDS. Primary data was collected from five study areas, using formal questionnaire interviews and focus group discussions. The paper reveals the adverse effects on rural livelihoods. It describes the way households have been exposed to poverty and vulnerability and the various ways they have coped or adapted, such as by re-allocating their labour, liquidating their assets to cover medical expenses and funeral costs, reducing the area ploughed for crops, hiring labour, digging wells and switching from flood recession agriculture to dryland farming. The Botswana government has provided safety nets to help households cope, but this paper recommends that people's responses to these shocks should be taken into account in future policy and programme formulation.
Some Evidence on Late Bidding in Ebay Auctions

Bidding in the last seconds or minutes of an auction is a common strategy in Internet auctions with fixed end-times. This paper examines the three explanations of late bidding in eBay auctions that survived the first scrutiny in Roth and Ockenfels (2002). There is no indication that late bidding could lead to collusive gains for bidders. Late bidding is a strategic response to the presence of bidders placing multiple bids. Experts protecting their private information are typically the last to bid while collectors are often the first. As bidders gain familiarity with eBay rules, they tend to bid slightly earlier
The Experience of Being Listened to: A Human Becoming Study with Music

The purpose of this research was to discover the structure of the lived experience of being listened to from the perspective of 10 older women receiving in-patient rehabilitation. The Parse research method was used to guide this study where music was used in the dialogical engagement process. The women told their stories and created melodies of being listened to with the researcher using her flute. The findings include three core concepts—an acknowledging engagement, gratifying contentment, and an unburdening respite. Findings extend the theory of human becoming, enhance understanding of the experience of being listened to, and affirm its value.
Selection, de-selection and progression in German football talent promotion

Abstract This study explored to which extent the development of German professional football players is based on early talent identification (TID) and long-term nurture in talent promotion (TP) programmes or on their emergence in the course of repeated procedures of player selection and de-selection in these programmes through childhood and youth. The annual turnover of squad members in national junior teams (2001–2013) and youth elite academies was calculated; national U-team members were followed up with regard to nominations through subsequent seasons and to their success level eventually achieved at senior age; and all current Bundesliga players were analysed retrospectively regarding their earlier involvement in TID/TP programmes. Analyses revealed that the mean annual turnover of squad members was 24.5% (youth academies) and 41.0% (national U-teams), respectively. At any age, the probability of persisting in the programme three years later was <50%. Among current Bundesliga players, the age of recruitment into the TID/TP programme was widely evenly distributed across childhood and youth, respectively. Accordingly, the number of (future) Bundesliga players who were involved in TID/TP was built up continuously through all age categories. The observations suggest that the collective of professional players emerged from repeated procedures of selection and de-selection through childhood and youth rather than from early selection and long-term continuous nurture in TID/TP programmes. The findings are discussed with regard to the uncertainty of TID and of interventions applied to the selected players, and they are related to the individualistic and collectivistic approach in TP.
Testing for Regret and Disappointment in Choice under Uncertainty

Much of the experimental evidence concerning violations of von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory has been collected fr om experiments designed with conventional theory in mind and does not provide direct tests of alternative models such as regret theory and disappointment theory. This paper reports and discusses recent evidence produced by an exp erimentspe cifically designed to test for the impacts of regret and disappointment, and to indicate their relative importance. Copyright 1987 by Royal Economic Society.
Should we have faith in not‐for‐profit providers of schooling?

Western governments appear increasingly dissatisfied with the rising costs and apparent static performance of their education systems. This dissatisfaction has been manifested in a critical re‐examination of the near‐monopoly of publicly provided schooling. Elsewhere in the public sector, privatization and competitive tendering have been frequently used to reduce costs and raise productivity. However, in education the inability to fully specify contracts with private providers has led to renewed interest in increasing the role of not‐for‐profit providers. In this paper we utilize economic analysis to critically examine the strengths and weaknesses of not‐for‐profit providers of schooling. We explore the nature of the specific context in which they may prove to be effective providers, using successful faith schools as a case study. We conclude that there are prima facie grounds for governments to prefer contracting not‐for‐profit rather than for‐profit organizations for the provision of state funded education. Overall, whilst extending not‐for‐profit schooling has the potential to harness sources of social capital to the benefit of school improvement, these benefits must be weighed against the risks inherent in increasing ‘strong‐ties’ social capital.
Understanding local power and interactional processes in sustainable tourism: exploring village–tour operator relations on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea

This paper explores the power relations in and between local villages and outside tourism operators on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea (PNG). The analysis of power focuses on the contingencies of agency in the interactional order allowing greater participatory approaches to sustainable tourism. The notion of power applied in this case study is derived from Michel Foucault's concept of power relations. It is argued that local power and ensuing interactions are neither a zero sum gain or over-determined structurally, but a symbiotic process. By applying Foucault's concepts to the preparation of the Ecotrekking Strategy developed by the villages on the Kokoda Track, we illustrate how power is exercised through dominance, negotiation, rationalities and resistance, all of which are interwoven into day-to-day social interactions between tourism operators and local villages. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of this analysis for sustainable tourism development.
From patient to participatory citizen: literature review of disability policy on participation and access in relation to occupational therapy practice

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyse Swedish laws and steering documents concerning disability policy on participation and accessibility in relation to occupational therapy practice. An analysis of documents that have influenced Swedish disability policy was performed based mainly on Swedish documents but also including key international documents. These documents can be used to support and guide the occupational therapists’ work. People with disabilities have the right to have an accessible and participatory life but an evaluation of the national goals for people with disabilities in Sweden showed that the goals had not been fully reached. Occupational therapists have knowledge and an obligation to work with participation and accessibility issues and need to expand their interventions from the level of direct patient treatment to a societal level to better enable people with disabilities to be participatory citizens. This paper may inform occupational therapists in other countries the value of analyzing their government’s laws and documents to evaluate their stance on access and participation and how that affects the work of occupational therapy.
Family Law Reform in Australia, or Frozen Chooks Revisited Again?

This Article focuses both on the changes that have been made to the legal framework governing post-separation parenting of children in Australia, as well as the processes and discourses via which these matters have been dealt with and debated. Alone among comparable common law jurisdictions such as Canada, the United States, and England, Australiaâs family law legislation, and the significant changes made to it in the past fifteen years, can be seen to have been particularly responsive to the lobbying of fathersâ rights groups. It will be suggested that changes to the legislative framework that governs family law in Australia have taken place, at best, without any clear rationale or need and perhaps more problematically, have at times flown in the face of, rather than been undertaken by reference to, the evidence-based research about post-separation parenting practices and what we know about childrenâs welfare or best interests, the paramount consideration that underpins decision-making in this field. The purpose of this discussion is to attempt to posit some possible explanations for this distinctive path of Australian family law âreformâ.
Large Shareholders and the Monitoring of Managers: The Case of Antitakeover Charter Amendments

Abstract This paper examines the role of large shareholders in monitoring managers when they propose antitakeover charter amendments. We attempt to distinguish between two competing hypotheses: the “active monitoring hypothesis” and the “passive voting hypothesis. ” We find a statistically significant positive relation between institutional ownership and the stockholder wealth effects of various types of amendments, after controlling for ownership concentration among institutions, managerial ownership, and firm size. Our empirical evidence lends support to the “active monitoring hypothesis” proposed by Demsetz (1983) and Shleifer and Vishny (1986) that the existence of large shareholders leads to better monitoring of managers.
The Political Representation of Blacks in Congress: Does Race Matter?

Congressional scholars generally take the position that members of Congress don't have to descriptively mirror their constituents in order to be responsive. Yet ample scholarship has shown that legislators work very hard at identifying with their constituents, at conveying the impression that they are alike in interests and opinions. Matching the race of the House member to their constituents' ratings in the 1996 National Black Election Study, I find that blacks consistently express higher levels of satisfaction with their representation in Washington when that representative is black, even controlling for other characteristics of the legislators, such as political party. This study underscores the value of descriptive representation in the black community and highlights the need for additional empirically based studies of political representation.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Cellular Protein Modulation upon Inhibition of the NEDD8-Activating Enzyme by MLN4924

Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are responsible for the ubiquitination of many cellular proteins, thereby targeting them for proteasomal degradation. In most cases the substrates of the CRLs have not been identified, although many of those that are known have cancer relevance. MLN4924, an investigational small molecule that is a potent and selective inhibitor of the Nedd8-activating enzyme (NAE), is currently being explored in Phase I clinical trials. Inhibition of Nedd8-activating enzyme by MLN4924 prevents the conjugation of cullin proteins with NEDD8, resulting in inactivation of the entire family of CRLs. We have performed stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture analysis of A375 melanoma cells treated with MLN4924 to identify new CRL substrates, confidently identifying and quantitating 5122–6012 proteins per time point. Proteins such as MLX, EID1, KLF5, ORC6L, MAGEA6, MORF4L2, MRFAP1, MORF4L1, and TAX1BP1 are rapidly stabilized by MLN4924, suggesting that they are novel CRL substrates. Proteins up-regulated at later times were also identified and siRNA against their corresponding genes were used to evaluate their influence on MLN4924-induced cell death. Thirty-eight proteins were identified as being particularly important for the cytotoxicity of MLN4924. Strikingly, these proteins had roles in cell cycle, DNA damage repair, and ubiquitin transfer. Therefore, the combination of RNAi with stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture provides a paradigm for understanding the mechanism of action of novel agents affecting the ubiquitin proteasome system and a path to identifying mechanistic biomarkers.
Testing the Monetary Approach to Devaluation in Developing Countries

The monetary approach to the balance of payments suggests that surpluses and deficits are essentially adjustment phenomena which serve to equilibrate the money stock in existence to the quantity demanded in an open economy. An increase in the domestic money supply via increased domestic credit creation, by either central or private banks, leads to larger deficits which, in turn, deplete the excess supply of money. A devaluation, however, raises domestic prices and as a result increases the demand for money, thereby leading to a temporary improvement in the balance of payments. 1 The purpose of this paper is to test the monetary approach to devaluation from a sample of 18 independent devaluations that took place in developing countries during the 1959-70 period and, at the same time, to indicate the conditions under which devaluation is successful in improving the balance of payments. In the process, the paper sheds light on two important related issues: first, the degree to which devaluation is inflationary per se, and second, the extent to which devaluation changes the price of traded goods relative to nontraded ones. Part I sets out a simple monetary model appropriate for empirical testing of the monetary approach, Part II summarizes the results of the empirical tests, and Part III focuses upon the impact of devaluation upon the terms of trade and domestic prices. The concluding section discusses Richard Cooper's (1971) test of the monetary approach and attempts to assess the weaknesses and strengths of the monetary framework.
CONVERGENCE OF GDP PER CAPITA IN ASEAN COUNTRIES

Economists have long debated whether different countries and regions within countries are converging over time in terms of per capita income. In the last decade the convergence debate captured the attention of macroeconomic theories and econometricians. The increasing diversity of average growth rates and income levels across countries has generated a large literature on testing the income convergence hypothesis. Most countries in South-East Asia, have experienced substantial economic growth, with the pace of growth having varied substantially across countries. In this paper, test of convergence was applied to determine if there is a convergence club for ASEAN-9 countries and whether, the catching up hypothesis which stated that the lagging country, with low initial income and productivity levels, will tend to grow more rapidly by copying the technology of the leader country, without having to bear the associated costs of research and development. The finding of ‚ and U convergence in the study suggests that ASEAN countries are converging towards common GDP per capita steadily but slowly. However, while convergence has occurred, the speed at which the initially poor countries are catching up with the initially rich countries is slow.
Family transactions in the Norwegian housing market

The aim of this article is threefold. First, to examine the role of the family (primarily the relationship between parents and their children) in people's adjustment to the present‐day housing market in Norway. Second, to throw light on the changes that have taken place in this area over the past half century and, third, to discuss how these changes can be explained in terms of the modernization process and of a welfare state aiming to release the family from its burden of responsibility for providing maintenance and care for family members. Phenomena that have grown in the past generation include living with parents without paying the costs and receiving loans and financial support for housing purposes. Declining phenomena include: acquiring a dwelling with the family's help and co‐residence between elderly parents and their adult children. Co‐residence appears to have lost all its importance as an institution through which elderly people can obtain care in return for housing facilities. Despite the rising rate of homeownership amongst Norwegian elderly people the percentage of those living in an inherited dwelling has not increased. In cases where a decedent's estate includes a dwelling, one of the children takes over the dwelling in at least half of cases.
The equity consequences of school‐based management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which the introduction of school‐based management (SBM) affects schools' incomes and educational equity? Design/methodology/approach – An analysis of financial reports coming from 31 SBM schools during a period of four sequential years reveals that the overall inequity among schools has slightly decreased, although significant differences are found between high and low socio‐economic schools.Findings – The findings show that significant differences exist between schools of low and high socio‐economic backgrounds in the relative amount of incomes coming from parental payments. An analysis of the income provided to schools by the LEA suggests that the differences and inequalities between schools are moderated by the LEA, which provides relatively more funds to schools of low socio‐economic backgrounds following the introduction of SBM in schools.Originality/value – The study points to the danger inherent in SBM for educational equity and highlig.