Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloaked Facebook pages: Exploring fake Islamist propaganda in social media

This research analyses cloaked Facebook pages that are created to spread political propaganda by cloaking a user profile and imitating the identity of a political opponent in order to spark hateful and aggressive reactions. This inquiry is pursued through a multi-sited online ethnographic case study of Danish Facebook pages disguised as radical Islamist pages, which provoked racist and anti-Muslim reactions as well as negative sentiments towards refugees and immigrants in Denmark in general. Drawing on Jessie Daniels’ critical insights into cloaked websites, this research furthermore analyses the epistemological, methodological and conceptual challenges of online propaganda. It enhances our understanding of disinformation and propaganda in an increasingly interactive social media environment and contributes to a critical inquiry into social media and subversive politics.
A single surgeon's experience with transanal endoscopic microsurgery over 20 years with 153 early cancer cases

Abstract Background: The first author performed transanal endoscopic surgery (TEM) in 302 patients in Japan for the last 20 years, 153 of which were early rectal cancer cases. The short- and long-term outcomes of the early rectal cancer cases are herein reported. Material and methods: The original technique of TEM developed by Gerhard Buess was performed in all cases. The hospital records were reviewed to assess the clinical outcomes. A questionnaire was sent to the patients to analyze the long-term outcomes. Results: One-hundred and fifty-three early cancer cases included 115 T0 and 38 T1 lesions. Full-thickness resection was performed in 36 patients, while 117 underwent submucosal dissection. Conversion to laparoscopic low anterior resection occurred in one case. Mortality was nil. Major operative complication was noted in only one patient, who developed stenosis. Seven patients underwent immediate salvage surgery. Six patients died of recurrence of rectal cancer. Disease-free survival rate at year 5 was 93.7%. Conclusions: Our study, one of the largest series in the world, confirms that TEM is a preferable option in the surgical treatment of T0 and T1a rectal carcinoma. As long as early cancer cases are treated, submucosal resection seems to be sufficient. When risk of recurrence is found by pathological examination, immediate salvage operation is mandatory to improve the prognosis.
Use of Random Regression Test-Day Model to Estimate Genetic Parameters of Milk Yield in Holstein Cows

(Co) variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for milk yield of Iranian Holstein cows. A total number of 68,945 milk test-day records of first, second and third lactations of 8515 animals from 100 sires and 7743 dams originated from 34 herds collected during 2007 to 2009 by Iranian animal breeding center were used. The ASReml computer program was used to analyze the milk test-day records using the random regression procedure. Herd test date (HTD), milking times per day (milking frequency), number of lactations, year of birth, year of calving, age of animal at calving and days in milk (DIM) considered as fixed effects and additive genetic effects and animal permanent environmental effects were considered as the random effects. Additive genetic variance, animal permanent environment variance, residual variance, phenotypic variance, heritability and repeatability were estimated during different months of lactation between 5.7 - 19.6, 15.3 - 27.1, 31.4 - 17.2, 45.8 - 64.83, 0.1 - 0.32 and 0.4 - 0.6, respectively. Genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation were also estimated between months of lactation in range of -0.35 - 0.98 and 0.03 - 0.67, respectively. Genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation both showed the same changing pattern and they decreased as the interval between months of lactation increased.
Interpretable Drug Target Prediction Using Deep Neural Representation

The identification of drug-target interactions (DTIs) is a key task in drug discovery, where drugs are chemical compounds and targets are proteins. Traditional DTI prediction methods are either time consuming (simulation-based methods) or heavily dependent on domain expertise (similarity-based and feature-based methods). In this work, we propose an end-to-end neural network model that predicts DTIs directly from low level representations. In addition to making predictions, our model provides biological interpretation using two-way attention mechanism. Instead of using simplified settings where a dataset is evaluated as a whole, we designed an evaluation dataset from BindingDB following more realistic settings where predictions of unobserved examples (proteins and drugs) have to be made. We experimentally compared our model with matrix factorization, similarity-based methods, and a previous deep learning approach. Overall, the results show that our model outperforms other approaches without requiring domain knowledge and feature engineering. In a case study, we illustrated the ability of our approach to provide biological insights to interpret the predictions.
A Review of Prevalent Methods for Automatic Skin Lesion Diagnosis

Received: November 14, 2017 Revised: December 06, 2017 Accepted: March 27, 2018 Abstract: Background: Skin cancer has been reported to be one of the most predominant forms of cancer diseases, especially amongst Caucasian descendant and light-skinned people. In particular, the melanocytic skin lesion has been judged to be the most deadly amongst three prevalent skin cancer diseases and the second most common form amongst young adults ranging from 15-29 years of age. These concerns have propelled the need to provide automated systems for medical diagnosis of skin cancer diseases within a strict time window towards reducing the unnecessary biopsy, increasing the speed of diagnosis and providing reproducibility of diagnostic results.
In Vitro Evaluation of Portuguese Propolis and Floral Sources for Antiprotozoal, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity

Propolis is a beehive product with a very complex chemical composition, used since ancient times in several therapeutic treatments. As a contribution to the improvement of drugs against several tropical diseases caused by protozoa, we screened Portuguese propolis and its potential floral sources Populus x Canadensis and Cistus ladanifer against Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania infantum, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi. The toxicity against MRC‐5 fibroblast cells was evaluated to assess selectivity. The in vitro assays were performed following the recommendations of WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) and revealed moderate activity, with the propolis extracts presenting the relatively highest inhibitory effect against T. brucei. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus fumigatus was also verified with the better results observed against T. rubrum. The quality of the extracts was controlled by evaluating the phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The observed biological activity variations are associated with the variable chemical composition of the propolis and the potential floral sources under study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction to Critical Thinking

2 Appeal to Authority I’m becoming a vegetarian. I.B. Singer said it is the ethical thing to do, and he won the Nobel Prize! I’m buying a Bumpster mountain bike. My critical thinking instructor says they’re the best, and s/he’s very intelligent. I’m going to go see “The Dark Knight”. My best friend said it was very good, and we always like the same things. I’m practicing safe sex. My accountant said it’s important, and he was honored as the Gainesville CPA of the Year for 2001.
Basic and clinical genetic studies on male infertility in Iran during 2000-2016: A review

The male factor contributes to 50% of infertility. The cause of male infertility is idiopathic and could be congenital or acquired. Among different factors which are involved in idiopathic male infertility, genetic factors are the most prevalent causes of the disease. Considering, the high prevalence of male infertility in Iran and the importance of genetic factors in the accession of it, in this article we reviewed the various studies which have been published during the last 17 yr on the genetic basis of male infertility in Iran. To do this, the PubMed and Scientific information database (SID) were regarded for the most relevant papers published in the last 17 yr referring to the genetics of male factor infertility using the keywords ‘‘genetics’’, “cytogenetic”, ‘‘male infertility”, and “Iranian population”. Literatures showed that among the Iranian infertile men Yq microdeletion and chromosomal aberrations are two main factors that intervene in the genetics of male infertility. Also, protamine deficiency (especially P2) is shown to have an influence on fertilization rate and pregnancy outcomes. The highest rate of sperm DNA damages has been found among the asthenospermia patients. In several papers, the relation between other important factors such as single gene mutations and polymorphisms with male infertility has also been reported. Recognition of the genetic factors that influence the fertility of Iranian men will shed light on the creation of guidelines for the diagnosis, consultation, and treatment of the patients. "
Spatial cooperation patterns and their impact on innovation outcomes: lessons from firms in a low-technology region

ABSTRACT This paper examines cooperation patterns of firms in the German low-technology region of Lower Bavaria. Particular emphasis is placed on the interplay among the spatial scale of cooperation, the form of cooperation and the type of innovation. Generic results show that overall, firms with a spatially more diverse set of cooperation linkages have a higher likelihood of innovating. However, the innovation outcomes differ depending on the spatial scale of cooperation. While cooperation with regional partners positively correlates with low-threshold innovations, cooperation with spatially distant partners positively correlates with product innovations. Surprisingly, it is application-oriented cooperation that channels the relation in both cases. The findings support the view that innovation of firms in low-technology regions is driven by ‘development’ rather than ‘research’. It also suggests that innovation-driven growth may even be possible in regions with limited values on the traditional innovation-supporting factors.
The relationship between online campaigning and political involvement

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between interactive and personal campaigning on social media and political involvement, and the mechanisms that explain the effects. Specifically, this study examines whether personal and interactive communication on Twitter increases political involvement among citizens through social presence and perceived expertise. Design/methodology/approach An experimental design – a 2 (low vs high interactivity)×3 (depersonalized vs individualized vs privatized communication) between-subjects design – is used. Findings The findings show that interactive communication leads to a stronger sense of social presence and source expertise, which positively affect involvement. The effects of personal campaigning differ. Individualized communication positively affects involvement via source expertise. Interestingly, privatized communication positively affects involvement via social presence, but negatively via source expertise. Originality/value Although a growing body of work examines the political consequences of social media, there is still very little understanding why social media affect citizens. The current study fills this void by investigating how the use of social media affects political involvement among citizens.
'Black gold' or ' the excrement of the devil'? : Examining the traditional and emerging theories of oil governance and the challenges for Africa.

iii DEDICATION . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v LIST OF ACRONYMS . viii Chapter 1: Introduction . 10 Chapter Outline . 11 Rationale. 12 Aims and objectives . 13 Method . 14 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 15 Review of Literature on Ghana and Uganda . 15 Theories of ‘Good Governance’ . 17 The characteristics of oil as a natural resource . 18 The emergence of natural resource governance theories . 19 Best practice: the Norwegian model . 20 Chapter 3: Traditional Theories of Natural Resource Governance . 22 Economic Theories of Natural Resource Governance . 22 International Political Economy Theories . 25 Institutional explanations . 26 The link to conflict . 27 The impact on democracy . 28 Conclusion . 29 Chapter 4: Africa and the Emerging Theories of Natural Resource Governance . 31 Emerging Theories . 31 Conclusion . 40 Chapter 5: Case Studies: Ghana and Uganda – upcoming democratic Petro-States in Africa 41 Case Study 1: Ghana . 43 Ghana’s petroleum policy environment – towards economic development . 46 Parliamentary Oversight . 47 Committees . 48 Review of Appointments . 48
Clinical outcomes and endoscopic surveillance of gastroesophageal reflux disease : a review

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition where the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. The disease has been classified into oesophageal and extraoesophageal syndromes. GERD is widely recognized by clinicians due to its pathogenesis, pathological manifestations, and clinical symptoms. However, literature concerning clinical outcomes is limited and contradictory. The role of endoscopy and, in particular, of endoscopic surveillance in GERD remains controversial. Here, we review the most recent findings concerning endoscopic surveillance and prognosis in GERD.
Robust downlink beamforming using positive semi-definite covariance constraints

We study the problem of multiuser downlink beamforming under the assumption that only an erroneous channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter. The optimization criterion is to minimize the total transmit power subject to the constraints that the user worst-case signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) are above a pre-defined quality of service (QoS) threshold. In contrast to the earlier approaches to this problem, we take into account positive semi-definiteness of the mismatched channel covariance matrices. Two approaches to solve the resulting robust downlink beamforming problem are proposed using semidefinite programming (SDP). Simulation results validate the robustness of the proposed techniques.
The GFDL Global Atmosphere and Land Model AM4.0/LM4.0: 1. Simulation Characteristics With Prescribed SSTs

In this two‐part paper, a description is provided of a version of the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system models (CM4 and ESM4) under development at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). This version, with roughly 100 km horizontal resolution and 33 levels in the vertical, contains an aerosol model that generates aerosol fields from emissions and a “light” chemistry mechanism designed to support the aerosol model but with prescribed ozone. In Part 1, the quality of the simulation in AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) mode—with prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea‐ice distribution—is described and compared with previous GFDL models and with the CMIP5 archive of AMIP simulations. The model's Cess sensitivity (response in the top‐of‐atmosphere radiative flux to uniform warming of SSTs) and effective radiative forcing are also presented. In Part 2, the model formulation is described more fully and key sensitivities to aspects of the model formulation are discussed, along with the approach to model tuning.
Couch: Investigating the Relationship between Aesthetics and Persuasion in a Mobile Application

Aesthetics, specifically visual appeal, is an important aspect of user experience. It is included as a principle in frameworks such as Fogg's Functional Triad and the Persuasive Systems Design. Yet, literature that directly investigates the influence of aesthetics on persuasion is limited, especially in the context of mobile applications. To understand how aesthetics influences persuasion if it includes the concept of operant conditioning, we designed a mobile app called Couch, which aims to reduce sedentary behaviour. We devised a 2x2 between-subject experiment, creating four versions of the app with two levels of aesthetics and two levels of persuasion (with and without). Measuring persuasion through self-reports, we found that higher levels of persuasion had a significant impact in reducing sedentary behaviour over aesthetics. However, visual appeal had no significant effect on persuasion. We comment on the level of visual appeal of the app and discuss the implications for future work.
Expression of miR-146a-5p in breast cancer and its role in proliferation of breast cancer cells

In the present study, the expression level of microRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a-5p) in breast cancer tissue and cell lines was investigated and its effects on proliferation of breast cancer cells. miR-146a-5p expression was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in breast cancer tissues, paraneoplastic tissue (collected by The Department of Oncology of Changhai Hospital from January 2014 to June 2015), breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and normal breast epithelial cell line MCF 10A. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to forecast target genes of miR-146a-5p, which was further verified by fluorescent reporter gene detection. The results demonstrated the expression level of miR-146a-5p in breast cancer tissue was significantly higher, compared with paraneoplastic tissue (P<0.01), and the expression level of miR-146a-5p in MCF-7 cells was significantly higher, compared with MCF 10A cells (P<0.01). Overexpression of miR-146a-5p in MCF-7 cells can promote the proliferation, and low expression miR-146a-5p in MCF-7 can inhibit the proliferation. BRCA1 was further identified as a target gene of miR-146a-5p by bioinformatics analysis and fluorescent reporter gene detection. It was concluded that miR-146a-5p is expressed in breast cancer tissue and breast cancer cell line and may regulate the proliferation of MCF-7 via BRCA1.
The Value of MRI in Distinguishing Subtypes of Lipomatous Extremity Tumors Needs Reassessment in the Era of MDM2 and CDK4 Testing

Introduction Extremity lipomas and well-differentiated liposarcomas (WDLs) are difficult to distinguish on MR imaging. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of MRI interpretation using MDM2 amplification, via fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), as the gold standard for pathologic diagnosis. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the utility of a diagnostic formula proposed in the literature. Methods We retrospectively collected 49 patients with lipomas or WDLs utilizing MDM2 for pathologic diagnosis. Four expert readers interpreted each patient's MRI independently and provided a diagnosis. Additionally, a formula based on imaging characteristics (i.e. tumor depth, diameter, presence of septa, and internal cystic change) was used to predict the pathologic diagnosis. The accuracy and reliability of imaging-based diagnoses were then analyzed in comparison to the MDM2 pathologic diagnoses. Results The accuracy of MRI readers was 73.5% (95% CI 61–86%) with substantial interobserver agreement (κ=0.7022). The formula had an accuracy of 71%, which was not significantly different from the readers (p=0.71). The formula and expert observers had similar sensitivity (83% versus 83%) and specificity (64.5% versus 67.7%; p=0.659) for detecting WDLs. Conclusion The accuracy of both our readers and the formula suggests that MRI remains unreliable for distinguishing between lipoma and WDLs.
A pathogenic skin fungus and sloughing exacerbate cutaneous water loss in amphibians

Abstract Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a pathogenic fungus that causes the cutaneous, infectious disease chytridiomycosis and has been implicated in population declines of numerous anuran species worldwide. Proximate cause of death by chytridiomycosis is asystolic cardiac arrest as a consequence of severe disruption to electrolyte balance. Animals heavily infected with Bd also experience a disruption to their skin sloughing regime, indicating that core functions of the skin, such as water retention, may be severely impacted. This study examined how skin sloughing, body size and Bd infection interact to influence water loss rates in five Australian frog species: Litoria caerulea, Limnodynastes peronii, Lechriodus fletcheri, Limnodynastes tasmaniensis and Platyplectrum ornatum. Rates of water loss more than doubled during sloughing in L. caerulea. During active periods across all species, water loss rates were on average 232% higher in Bd infected frogs than in uninfected frogs. This indicates that dehydration stress may be a significant factor contributing to the morbidity of severely Bd infected anurans, a symptom that is then exacerbated by an increased rate of sloughing. When taking size into account, smaller and/or juvenile anurans may be more at risk from dehydration due to Bd infection, as they lose a greater amount of water and slough more frequently than adults. This may in part explain the higher mortality rates typical for small and juvenile frogs infected with Bd. Understanding how Bd affects the core functions of the skin, including rates of water loss, can improve our predictions of disease outcome in amphibians. Highlighted Article: Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis causes significant mortality in amphibians not only via electrolyte imbalance, but also through increased water loss that is exacerbated by routine skin sloughing.
Animal, Human and Robot Attribution: Ontologization of Roma, Romanian and Chinese Groups in an Italian Sample

Objectives: This study aims to enrich the ontologization approach in two ways: (1) A theoretical development of the ontologization approach is proposed, by including the attribution of the essence of automata to outgroup members; (2) whether the ontologization process is also verified for the Romanian and Chinese group is investigated, whereas the ontologization process has traditionally focused on the Roma minority.
[Managers' perspective on continuous health education in a region of São Paulo State].

OBJECTIVE Analysing the concepts of Continuous Health Education - CHE (EPS - in Portuguese), operated by municipal managers and translated into official documents. METHOD Qualitative research with the use of official documents and semi-structured interviews with the Municipal Health Secretaries or Coordinators of Primary Health Care in the Northeast Region of São Paulo State, and thematic analysis of empirical material. RESULTS Results indicate difficulties in the municipalities problematizing their management practices, services and health care; EPS tools presented are insufficient and unsatisfactory for amending the array of problems raised and are still far from the routine of Primary Care services. CONCLUSION Despite efforts to implement EPS actions for the strengthening of primary care, the process appears to be incipient.