Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expressions of Cardinal Directions in Nilotic and in Ubangian Languages

In the Nilotic and Ubangian languages expressions for cardinal directions have been created on the basis of a wide range of conceptual sources: primarily cosmological, geographical and atmospheric concepts. But also names of neighbouring ethnic groups and even historical events are used as such. Borrowing of naming systems, however, do not occur.
Factors that affect adherence to recommended treatment among diabetes patients in Kampala

Background: Diabetes is an increasing global health problem and this puts high demands on the health care system. Patients with diabetes demand continuous treatment and monitoring in order to control the disease and avoid complications. Adherence to recommended treatment was important in order for the treatment to give positive effect. In this context adherence was defined as the extent to which the patients follow medical instructions.Aim: The aim of this study was to identify factors that can affect the adherence to recommended treatment among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Method: The study was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative method. A questionnaire was administered to 150 respondents at the diabetes clinic of Mulago hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Patients diagnosed with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes were included in the study.Result: Out of 150 participants 48 (32%) did not take their drugs as prescribed and 80 (53.3%) did not follow any recommended diet. Main reason for non-adherence to the treatment was reported as financial problems. 118 (78.7%) of the respondents had participated in some kind of diabetes education, still 67 patients (44.7%) reported that they did not have enough knowledge about their diabetes diagnosis. The results show that those with knowledge about their diabetes diagnosis also take their medication to a higher extent (46%) than those who reported lack of knowledge (22%). Conclusion: Factors that affect the adherence was identified as poverty, lack of knowledge, non-access to medications, the use of alternative medicines and non-access to health care. Further studies about adherence to treatment among diabetes patients are of importance in order to improve the diabetes care and come up with solutions to a growing global health problem.
The Perceived Legitimacy of Rule Violating Behavior in Sport

Some sport scientists have suggested that various rule violating behaviors (including aggressive player behavior) are normative behaviors perceived to be “legitimate violations” by participants (e.g., Silva, 1981; Vaz, 1979). In an attempt to determine if sport socialization influences the degree of perceived legitimacy of rule violating sport behavior, 203 male and female athletes and nonathletes were shown a series of eight slides. Seven of these slides clearly depicted rule violating behavior. The subjects rated the unacceptability-acceptability of the behavior shown on each slide on a scale of 1 to 4 (totally unacceptable-totally acceptable). Subjects were categorized according to: (a) gender, (b) amount of physical contact, (c) highest level of organized sport participation, and (d) years of participation. Regression and polynomial regressions indicated that male respondents rated rule violating behavior significantly more acceptable than females. Trend analyses on the other categorical variables ind.
Mesoscopic Modeling of Ferroelectric and Multiferroic Systems

Motivated by the progress of a multi-scale approach in magnetic materials the dynamics of the Ising model in a transverse field introduced by de Gennes (1963) as a basic model for a ferroelectric order-disorder phase transition is reformulated in terms of a mesoscopic model and inherent microscopic parameters. The statical and dynamical behavior of the Ising model in a transverse field is considered as classical field theory with fields obeying Poisson bracket relations. The related classical Hamiltonian is formulated in such a manner that the quantum equations of motion are reproduced. In contrast to the isotropic magnetic system, see Tserkovnyak et al. (2005), the ferroelectric one reveals no rotational invariance in the spin space and consequently, the driving field becomes anisotropic. A further conclusion is that the resulting excitation spectrum is characterized by a soft-mode behavior, studied by Blinc & Zeks (1974) instead of a Goldstone mode which appears when a continuous symmetry is broken, compare Tserkovnyak et al. (2005). Otherwise the underlying spin operators are characterized by a Lie algebra where the total antisymmetric tensor plays the role of the structural constants. Using symmetry arguments of the underlying spin fields and expanding the driving field in terms of spin operators and including terms which break the time reversal symmetry we are able to derive a generalized evolution equation for the moments. This equation is similar to the Landau Lifshitz equation suggested by Landau& Lifshitz (1935) with Gilbert damping, see Gilbert (2004). Alternatively, such dissipative effects can be included also in the Lagrangian written in terms of the spin moments and bath variables Bose & Trimper (2011). Due to the time reversal symmetry breaking coupling the resulting equation includes under these circumstances a dissipative equation of motion relevant for ferroelectric material. The deterministic equation is extended by stochastic fields analyzed by Trimper et al. (2007). The averaged time dependent polarization offers three modes below the phase transition temperature. The two transverse excitation energies are complex, where the real part corresponds to a propagating soft mode and the imaginary part is interpreted as the wave vector and temperature dependent damping. Further there exists a longitudinal diffusive mode. All modes are influenced by the noise strength. The solution offers scaling properties below and above the phase transition. The results are preferable and applicable for ferroelectric order-disorder systems. A further extension of the approach is achieved by a symmetry allowed coupling of the polarization to themagnetization. The coupling is related to a combined space-time symmetry due to the fact that the magnetization is an axial vector with m( x,−t) = − m( x, t) whereas 23
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Malaysia: Staff Nurses' Positive Eperiences

Background: Stress can come in many forms and NICU is an environment where there may be many types of stress such as nursing a critically ill baby, increased workload, taking on other roles, coping with the death and dealing with parents. Purpose: To explore and describe staff nurses’ (SN) positive experiences while working in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in one of Malaysia Method: A qualitative interpretative approach using a convenience sample of four staff nurses; described using pseudonyms, from NICU in one Malaysian hospital participated in an interview conducted in English, followed by answering a semi-structured questionnaire in Malay. Responses were translated into English prior to thematic analysis using the method of Braun and Clarke [1]. Results: Two major themes emerged, learning opportunities; describes the new knowledge and skills staff nurses had developed, and feelings of satisfaction; describes sources contributing to staff nurses’ satisfaction while working in NICU. Conclusions: The findings revealed that staff nurses’ positive experiences of gaining knowledge, developing new skills, opportunity to further study in post-basic courses and being appointed as a team leader upon their achievements.
Integrating Ethno-Ecological and Scientific Knowledge of Termites for Sustainable Termite Management and Human Welfare in Africa

Despite their well-known role as pests, termites also provide essential ecosystem services. In this paper, we undertook a comprehensive review of studies on human-termite interactions and farmers' indigenous knowledge across Sub-Saharan Africa in an effort to build coherent principles for termite management. The review revealed that local communities have comprehensive indigenous knowledge of termite ecology and taxonomy, and apply various indigenous control practices. Many communities also have elaborate knowledge of the nutritional and medicinal value of termites and mushrooms associated with termite nests. Children and women also widely consume termite mound soil for nutritional or other benefits encouraged by indigenous belief systems. In addition, subsistence farmers use termites as indicators of soil fertility, and use termite mound soil in low-risk farming strategies for crop production. In the past, chemical control of termites has been initiated without empirical data on the termite species, their damage threshold, and the social, ecological, or economic risks and trade-offs of the control. This review has provided new insights into the intimate nature of human-termite interactions in Africa and the risks of chemical control of termites to human welfare and the environment. We recommend that management of termites in future should be built on farmers' indigenous knowledge and adequate understanding of the ecology of the local termite species.
Production of Alkaline Keratinolytic Protease by Bacillus sp. B13 from Feather Waste

Keratin-containing materials are insoluble and resistant to degradation by the common proteolytic enzymes. Keratinous wastes represent a source of valuable proteins and amino acids. Keratinolytic enzymes have potential roles in biotechnological processes involving keratin containing wastes from poultry and leather industries. Keratinolytic proteases have different application where keratins should be hydrolysed such as the leather and detergent industries, textiles waste bioconversion, medicine, cosmetics and many more novel outstanding applications. Several different strains of Bacillus, including B. pumilus, B. lichenifirmus, B. subtillis, B. halodurans or B. pseudofirmus are described to possess the ability of keratin biodegradation. Bacillus spp are known for production of wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes. So in this study we concentrated our study for isolating and characterizing one such Bacillus which degrades feather waste and produces alkaline protease from a cheaper raw material. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 1538-1552 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Application of Gaussian Moment Closure Methods to Three-Dimensional MicroScale Flows

Application of Gaussian Moment Closure Methods to Three-Dimensional Micro-Scale Flows Christopher Lam Masters of Applied Science Graduate Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Toronto 2011 A parallel, block-based, three-dimensional, hexahedral finite-volume scheme with adaptive mesh refinement has been developed for the solution of the 10-moment Gaussian closure for the modelling of fully three-dimensional micro-scale, non-equilibrium flows. The Gaussian closure has been shown to be a more effective tool for modelling rarefied flows lying within the transition regime than the Navier-Stokes equations, which encounter mathematical difficulties approaching free-molecular flows, and is computationally less expensive than particle-based methods for flows approaching the continuum limit. The hyperbolic nature of the moment equations is computationally attractive and the generalized transport equations can be solved in an accurate and efficient manner using Godunov-type finite-volume schemes as considered here. Details are given of the Gaussian closure, along with extensions for diatomic gases and slip-flow boundaries. Numerical results for several canonical flows demonstrate the potential of these moment closures and the parallel solution scheme for accurately predicting fully three-dimensional nonequilibrium flow behaviour.
Biophysical Underpinnings of Anisotropic Water Diffusion

All diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) studies of nerve, spinal cord white matter, and brain white matter rely on the phenomenon that water diffusion is highly anisotropic in these tissues of the nervous system. The fact that water diffusion is sensitive to the underlying tissue micro-structure provides a unique method of assessing the orientation and integrity of these neural fibres which may be useful in assessing a number of neurological disorders. A basic understanding of the influence of various structural components on anisotropic water diffusion is a pre-requisite for interpreting alterations in diffusion (trace, eigenvalues) and anisotropy as a result of various disease processes or abnormal development. The purpose of this abstract is to characterize the relationship of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of water diffusion and its anisotropy (i.e. directional dependence) with the underlying micro-structure of neural fibres. A systematic discussion of the possible sources of anisotropy and their evaluation will be presented with an emphasis on model neurological systems both in-vitro and in-vivo. A comprehensive bibliography of papers before 2002 is provided in my previous review article on this interesting topic (1).
Managing ecosystems without prior knowledge: pathological outcomes of lake liming

Management actions often need to be taken in the absence of ecological information to mitigate the impact of pressing environmental problems. Managers counteracted the detrimental effects of cultural acidification on aquatic ecosystems during the industrial era using liming to salvage biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, historical contingencies, i.e., whether lakes were naturally acidic or degraded because of acidification, were largely unknown and therefore not accounted for in management. It is uncertain whether liming outcomes had a potentially detrimental effect on naturally acidic lakes. Evidence from paleolimnological reconstructions allowed us to analyze community structure in limed acidified and naturally acidic lakes, and acidified and circumneutral references. We analyzed community structure of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates (littoral, sublittoral, profundal), and fish between 2000 and 2004. Naturally acidic limed lakes formed communities that were not representative of the other lake types. The occurrence of fish species relevant for ecosystem service provisioning (fisheries potential) in naturally acidic limed lakes were confounded by biogeographical factors. In addition, sustained changes in water quality were conducive to harmful algal blooms. This highlights a pathological outcome of liming lakes when their naturally acidic conditions are not accounted for. Because liming is an important socialecological system, sustained ecological change of lakes might incur undesired costs for societies in the long term.
Integrating ethics into accounting curriculum: Overview from Malaysian accounting educators

Ethics in accounting education become a vital issue after a spate of recent accounting scandals that involves multinational companies such as Enron, Sunbeam, Waste Management, and Worldcom, and Malaysian companies such as Transmille Group and Southern Bank Bhd. This paper examines the findings of an in-depth study that analysed the perception of five Malaysian accounting educators on the question of integrating ethics into accounting curriculum. Utilising the constant comparison method comprising purposive sampling, in-depth interviews, direct observation and documentary analysis the study explored the importance of incorporating ethics into the curriculum, its problems and the factors that encouraged accounting educator to integrate ethics in their teaching. The findings revealed that while accounting educators believed in the integration of ethics in accounting curriculum and the nurturing of ethical accountants, there are certain barriers such as time constraints, lack of knowledge, skills and competency in the task, and lack of reference materials to be used in teaching accounting ethics. Keywords: accounting, accounting curriculum, ethics, integration of ethics, educator, teaching
Prehydrolyzed dietary protein reduces gastrocnemial DNA without impairing physical capacity in the rat

Previous studies have shown that hydrolyzed proteins exhibit antioxidant properties and may confer physical and physiological advantages when consumed by the exercising rat. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of feeding either intact (I) and partly hydrolyzed (H) milk whey proteins on gastrocnemial DNA contents and protein metabolism in exercising Wistar rats. Protein synthesis and degradation, protein and DNA contents, and concentration of the serum insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF1) were determined in six experimental groups according to the type of protein consumed [casein (C), whey protein isolate (I), hydrolyzed whey protein (H) and level of physical activity (sedentary (S) and trained (T)]. H produced significantly lower rates of protein synthesis and degradation and DNA contents in the gastrocnemius, while no differences were observed in the total muscle protein content and serum levels of IGF1. These results indicate that consumption of prehydrolyzed whey protein alters muscle metabolism resulting in less DNA, but maintains the muscle protein levels constant and sustain or improves physical performance, compared to the unhydrolyzed protein. Keywords : Dietary protein, hydrolyzed whey protein, peptides in muscle metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, physical activity African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(16), pp. 2058-2064
Is the Fed Too Timid? Monetary Policy in an Uncertain World

Estimates of the Taylor rule using historical data from the past decade or two suggest that monetary policy in the U.S. can be characterized as having reacted in a moderate fashion to output and inflation gaps. In contrast, the parameters of optimal Taylor rules derived using empirical models of the economy often recommend much more vigorous policy responses. This paper attempts to match the historical policy rule with an optimal policy rule by incorporating uncertainty into the derivation of the optimal rule and by examining plausible variations in the policymaker's model and preferences.
Antiferromagnetic Magnonic Crystals

We describe the features of magnonic crystals based upon antiferromagnetic elements. Our main results are that with a periodic modulation of either magnetic fields or system characteristics, such as the anisotropy, it is possible to tailor the spin wave spectra of antiferromagnetic systems into a band-like organization that displays a segregation of allowed and forbidden bands. The main features of the band structure, such as bandwidths and bandgaps, can be readily manipulated. Our results provide a natural link between two steadily growing fields of spintronics: antiferromagnetic spintronics and magnonics.
Quantifying the body: monitoring and measuring health in the age of mHealth technologies

Mobile and wearable digital devices and related Web 2.0 apps and social media tools offer new ways of monitoring, measuring and representing the human body. They are capable of producing detailed biometric data that may be collected by individuals and then shared with others. Health promoters, like many medical and public health professionals, have been eager to seize the opportunities they perceive for using what have been dubbed ‘mHealth’ (‘mobile health’) technologies to promote the public’s health. These technologies are also increasingly used by lay people outside the professional sphere of health promotion as part of voluntary self-tracking strategies (referred to by some as the ‘quantified self’). In response to the overwhelmingly positive approach evident in the health promotion and self-tracking literature, this article adopts a critical sociological perspective to identify some of the social and cultural meanings of self-tracking practices via digital devices. Following an overview of the technologies currently available for such purposes, I move on to discuss how they may contribute to concepts of health, embodiment and identity. The discussion focuses particularly on how these technologies promote techno-utopian, enhancement and healthist discourses, and the privileging of the visual and metric in representing the body via these devices.
Metal Fluorides as Lithium-Ion Battery Materials: An Atomic Layer Deposition Perspective

Lithium-ion batteries are the enabling technology for a variety of modern day devices, including cell phones, laptops and electric vehicles. To answer the energy and voltage demands of future applications, further materials engineering of the battery components is necessary. To that end, metal fluorides could provide interesting new conversion cathode and solid electrolyte materials for future batteries. To be applicable in thin film batteries, metal fluorides should be deposited with a method providing a high level of control over uniformity and conformality on various substrate materials and geometries. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a method widely used in microelectronics, offers unrivalled film uniformity and conformality, in conjunction with strict control of film composition. In this review, the basics of lithium-ion batteries are shortly introduced, followed by a discussion of metal fluorides as potential lithium-ion battery materials. The basics of ALD are then covered, followed by a review of some conventional lithium-ion battery materials that have been deposited by ALD. Finally, metal fluoride ALD processes reported in the literature are comprehensively reviewed. It is clear that more research on the ALD of fluorides is needed, especially transition metal fluorides, to expand the number of potential battery materials available.
A New Economics of Trademarks

Conventional wisdom holds that trademarks are nothing like other intellectual property. Copyright and patent law are theoretically based in public goods theory and designed to promote creation and disclosure of original expressions and novel, useful innovations. By contrast, trademarks are private goods and trademark law is designed to promote trade and encourage competition. This article challenges conventional wisdom by demonstrating that trademarks are a type of public good that contributes to the public stock of useful ideas just as patented and copyrighted works do. This economic perspective suggests, again contrary to conventional trademark theory, that competitive markets fail to supply an optimal amount of information about products and their sources. Conventional theory recognizes the difficulty in excluding competitors from using a supplier's trademark unless there is a legal regime to protect marks. Conventional theory fails to consider the non-rivalrous character of referential and customary trademark use by consumers, competitors, non-competitors, and commentators. The public use perspective on trademarks enriches our understanding of the structure of trademark law, the extent to which trademark law addresses the market failures associated with trademarks' public goods character, and the current debate concerning the propertization of trademarks.