Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy relational model and genetic algorithms for early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in Saudi Arabia

Breast Cancer (BC), which is considered as the most implacable malignancy and the leading cause of mortality among women in general and in Saudi Arabia specially. Most of the previous work in Saudi Arabia on this subject was on epidemiology, knowledge of (BC) and practice of breast self-examination (BSE), etiological factors, metastases and rate of survival. Early detection and diagnosis of Breast Cancer (BC) is an important, real-world medical problem. In this paper, we propose a soft computing methodology to build a Breast Cancer (BC) diagnosis system with high capabilities. We focus on combining fuzzy concepts and genetic algorithms so as to automatically produce diagnostic systems to support and assist the expert to understand, evaluate its results with high classification performance and have the possibility of attributing a confidence measure to the output diagnosis.
On the Transmission of Continuous Cultural Traits

This paper generalizes the discrete cultural transmission model proposed by Bisin and Verdier (2001) to continuous trait space. The resulting cultural evolutionary dynamic can be characterized by a continuous imitative dynamic in a population game in which a player's payoff is equal to the aggregate cultural intolerance he has towards other agents. We show that cultural heterogeneity is always preserved. In addition, we model each agent's cultural intolerance towards another agent as an increasing function of cultural distance --- the distance between that other agent's trait and his own trait in the trait space. This captures people's general tendencies of evaluating culturally more distant people with stronger biases, and it is most easily modeled on a continuous trait space. We find that the curvature of the cultural intolerance function plays an important role in determining the long-run cultural phenomena. In particular, when cultural intolerance is a convex function of cultural distance, only the most extremely polarized state is a stable limit point.
Examining inequities in children’s environmental health: results of a survey on the risk perceptions and protective actions of new mothers

Young children are more highly exposed and vulnerable to environmental health hazards than adults due to a variety of physiological and behavioural factors. Despite the significant responsibility mothers typically bear in managing their children’s health, little is known about how they perceive and negotiate these risks in their day-to-day lives. To better understand mothers’ environmental health risk perceptions and associated protective actions across socio-economic and geographic contexts, a telephone survey was conducted among new mothers (n = 606) recruited through two Public Health Units in Ontario, Canada. Analyses revealed that approximately half of the respondents were moderately or highly concerned about environmental health risks, ranging in nature from household products to outdoor air contaminants. Factors affecting the likelihood of experiencing concern included lower income and lower levels of perceived control. With regard to protective actions, 43% reported taking three or more actions to reduce environmental health risks to their children, with the likelihood of taking action being negatively affected by factors including low income and first language other than English or French, and positively affected by being a first-time parent (primiparous). This study contributes to our understanding of environmental health risk perceptions and associated protective behaviours among new mothers, and has implications for the development of more context-focused risk management and communication strategies.
THE EFFECT OF METFORMIN 0N CYTOKINES IN IRAQI PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes and is characterized by disorders of insulin action and insulin secretion, and associated with increase problem of insulin resistant. High plasma levels of insulin and glucose due to insulin resistance often lead to metabolic syndrome . Chronic inflammation associated with metabolic and immune system involves a network of cellular andsystemic responses that integrates many complex signaling pathways infiltration of inflammation cells in adipose tissue , abnormal pro-inflammatory cytokinesproduction(IL-8,TNF-α). The study is designed to measure glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),IL-8 and TNF-α. These parameters and measures applied for thirty newly diagnosed patients with diabetes before and after treatment divided into 3 group.Three groups of (10) patients each newly diagnosed withT2DM;group(1) receives:500mg metformin for 3 months with (HbA1c=9.54±1.95,IL-8=13.85±6.15,TNF-α=260.1±123.7). group(2)receives:1000mg metformin for 3 months with (HbA1c=9.16±1.55,IL-8=15.02±6.28,TNF-α=230.86±49.26). group(3)receives:1500mg metformin for 3 months with(HbA1c=9.80±1.94,IL-8=14.41±4.61,TNF-=207.42±40.45). Blood samples were withdrawn from the patients at pretreatment,then after 3 months of treatment. After 3 months of treatment, patient who received metformin 1500mg had greater reduction in HbA1c,IL-8 and TNF-α(27,9percent,44.20percent and49.75percent respectively),compared with patient who received metformin 1000mg(18.3percent,15.77percent,34.42percent respectively)and to metformin 500mg(10.3percent.12.56percent and 4.72percent). Metformin monotherapy are effective as an initial treatment of newly diagnosed diabetic patients in The national diabetes center / University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Iraq.Metformin has significant reduction effect on these three group, had significant reduction in HbA1c and also significant reduction in cytokines in the three dose in different percent. Keywords,metformin,cytokines,diabetes
Effects of chitosan addition on growth performance, diarrhoea, anti-oxidative function and serum immune parameters of weaned piglets

The present experiment was designed to determine the efficacy of a commercial source of chitosan (CS) to enhance performance, anti-oxidative function, and immune response in weaned pigs. A total of 60 crossbreed piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire), with average live bodyweight of 8.85 ± 1.52 kg, were weaned at 28 ± 2 days and randomly assigned to five treatment groups, which were fed maize-soybean meal diets containing 0 (basal diet, control) and 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg CS. The experiment lasted for two weeks. Body weight was recorded and daily feed intake was calculated. Faecal consistency was monitored for the overall period. After two weeks, blood samples were collected and anti-oxidative and immune parameters were determined. The results showed that CS improved average daily gain and daily gain: daily feed intake during the experiment. Mean faecal score values for the second week were improved by CS, which showed decreased values compared with the control diet. The CS increased the total antioxidant capacity and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the content of reduced glutathione in serum, and decreased the malondialdehyde and cortisol contents of serum. Furthermore, CS increased the levels of serum IL-1β，IL-2 and IgG. These findings suggested that the use of CS improved performance and anti-oxidative function, and regulated the immune response of weaned pigs. Keywords: Anti-oxidative capability, chitosan, immunity, performance, piglets
Uncertainty About Perceived Inflation Target and Monetary Policy

We analyse the interaction between private agents? uncertainty about inflation target and the central bank's data uncertainty. In our model, private agents update their perceived inflation target and the central bank estimates unobservable economic shocks as well as the perceived inflation target. Under those two uncertainties, the learning process of both private agents and the central bank causes higher order beliefs to become relevant, and this mechanism is capable of generating high persistence and volatility of inflation even though the underlying shocks are purely transitory. We also find that the persistence and volatility become smaller as the inflation target becomes more credible, that is, the private agents' uncertainty about inflation target (and hence the bank's data uncertainty) diminishes.
Workers, Firms and Life-Cycle Wage Dynamics

Studies of individual wage dynamics typically ignore firm heterogeneity, whereas decompositions of earnings into worker and firm effects abstract from life-cycle considerations. We study firm effects in individual wage dynamics using administrative data on the population of Italian employers and employees. We propose a novel identification strategy for firm-related wage components exploiting the informative content of the wage covariance structure of coworkers. Wage inequality increases three-fold over the working life; firm effects are predominant while young, but sorting of workers into firms becomes increasingly important, explaining the largest share of lifetime inequality. Static models that do not allow for life-cycle dynamics underestimate the importance of sorting and overstate match and firm effects.
Review of the Factors That Influence on the Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation

Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitates (MICP) is a new and sustainable technology used to improve the properties of construction materials. This technique works by introducing bacteria solution (e.g., Sporosarcina pasteurii, B. megaterium, Spoloactobacilus, Clostridium and Desulfotomaculum) into the soil matrix, and then injection of a chemical solution consisting of urea and one of calcium salts (e.g., calcium chloride and calcium acetate) into the soil matrix several times.A number of factors must be considered to enable the use and control of the MICP process in field applications, including the concentrations of bacteria solution, the concentrations of the chemical solutions, in addition to methods to introduce the bacteria and these chemical solutions to the soil.The main aim of this research is to provide an overview of the various factors affecting the MICP within the soil, where the research studied the effect of bacteria, soil particle size, nutrients, chemical solutions, pH, temperature and injection strategies on the efficiency of MICP as a method to improve the chemical and mechanical properties of the soil. Keywords: MICP, Bacteria, Nutrients, Chemical Solutions, pH, Temperature, Injection Strategies, Soil Particle Size
Comparative Judgement as a Promising Alternative to Score Competences

To adequately assess students’ competences, students are asked to provide proof of a performance. Ideally, open and real-life tasks are used for such performance assessment. However, to augment the reliability of the scores resulting from performance assessment, assessments are mostly standardised. This hampers the validity of the performance assessment. Comparative judgement (CJ) is introduced as an alternative judging method that does not require standardisation of tasks. The CJ method is based on the assumption that people are able to compare two performances more easily and reliable than assigning a score to a single one. This chapter provides insight in the method and elaborates on why this method is promising to generate valid, reliable measures in an efficient way, especially for large-scale summative assessments. Thereby, this chapter brings together the research already conducted in this new assessment domain. Comparative Judgement as a Promising Alternative to Score Competences
Pathways to high-lethality suicide attempts

PATHWAYS TO HIGH-LETHALITY SUICIDE ATTEMPTS by Megan Schaffer Chesin Advisor: Professor Elizabeth L. Jeglic The purpose of this study was to develop a model of the trajectory to high-lethality suicidal behavior for individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). An increased number of previous suicide attempts, substance use immediately prior to the attempt, and objective planning were proposed to lead directly to an attempt of higher lethality. Meanwhile, aggression and impulsivity were hypothesized to lead indirectly, through their association with past suicidal behavior, to a higher lethality attempt. Path analysis revealed a revised model that applied only to individuals with BPD. In this final model, impulsivity was found to be significantly associated with higher-lethality suicide attempts and the frequency of an individual’s past suicidal behavior. Additionally, the traits of impulsivity and aggression were found to be significantly correlated in the multivariate model. Pathways linking alcohol use at the time of the attempt to the lethality of suicidal behavior and aggression to the frequency of an individual’s past suicidal behavior were not found to be significant, and no model using the variables of interest in this study could be determined for individuals with MDD. These results are discussed in light of current theories of suicidal behavior and in terms of their implications for clinical practice.
Response of Egg Number to Selection in Rhode Island Chickens Selected for Part Period Egg Production

Records obtained from 4336 pullets progeny for strain A and 4843 pullets, progeny for strain B under selection for part-period egg production to 280 days of age were used for this study. The response variables measured were Age at sexual maturity (ASM), Egg number to 280 days (EGG280 D), Egg weight average (EWTAV) and Body weight at 40 weeks of age (BWT40). The genotypic response was only 0.42 eggs per generation in the male line. The female line population showed a much higher positive response to selection, the phenotypic value being 1.67 eggs per generation while the genotypic response was 3.1 eggs per generation. The genetic correlation estimates between the different economic traits ranged from -0.70± 0.38 to 0.82 ± 0.42 vs -0.71 ± 0.47 to 0.76 ± 0.29 for the male and female lines respectively. The correlation between egg number and egg weight was small non significant. ASM was highly and negatively correlated with egg production to 280 days in both lines being higher than- 0.60 in most cases. The genetic correlation between egg number and BWT40 showed no definite trend. In the female line, correlated response in age ASM and BWT40 had negative values. In the male line however except for BWT40 which showed a positive correlated response of 3.4g/year, all other traits showed negative correlated responses. Generally it wa s evident that selection was more effective in improving the egg number in the female line than in the male line showing an increase of 1.67 vs 0.19 eggs per year in the female and male lines, respectively. The low egg number reported was as a result of the delay in sexual maturity especially during the later years of th e selection experiment. Another factor that may have contributed to the variable response achieved from generation to generation may also be due to varying season of hatching across generation. However the positive response in the female line population may be attributed to reduced age at sexual maturity.
The Impacts of Public Expenditure, Government Stability and Corruption on Per Capita Growth: An Empirical Investigation on Developing Countries

This study aims to evaluate the effects of public expenditure, government stability and corruption on economic growth with other control variables namely openness and population growth. The empirical analyses are utilized by using annual panel data for 33 countries which are classified as Upper and Lower Middle-Income Countries by World Bank. The sample period covers the years between 1999 and 2014. The empirical analyses are performed by both the static panel data approach and dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques. The estimation results point out statistically significant positive impacts of government stability and openness variables on per capita growth in these developing countries. Moreover, corruption, population growth and public expenditure variables are found to cause some significant decreasing effects on economic growth.
STUDY OF STAR FORMATIONS IN LAMBDA COLD DARK MATTER MODEL

Star formation inside a box of size (120Mpc/h) 3 was studied using Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model by simulating one million dark matter particles and one million gas particles. The particles were simulated from early Universe, z=30 (450 million years) to z=0 (13.4 billion years). In the simulation galaxy clusters, voids and filaments were constructed at low redshift, z=0. Stars were formed from redshift z=5.99. The formations increased with decreasing redshifts but at some redshifs stars were not formed and the total number of star formed in the box was 28443 stars. The gadget-2 code was depended in the simulation and sixteen processors of high performance supercomputer of Nottingham University-England were used.
Development of non-effervescent floating matrix tablets based on Euryale ferox seeds

Euryale ferox (family Nymphaeaceae), a plant belonging to the water lily family, grows in water ponds and remains buoyant on water surface. Similarly, its edible seeds also remain afloat in a wide variety of liquid mediums. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop non-effervescent floating matrix tablets using E. ferox seeds powder (EFSP). Different matrix tablets were prepared using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M, ciprofloxacin HCl and EFSP. The effects of various formulation variables were investigated on in vitro drug release and in vitro floating behavior of the matrix tablets. With increase in EFSP proportion in the matrix tablets, improvement in buoyancy was observed. The floating behavior of tablets was also found to be dependent on particle size of EFSP. Further, surface morphology of different particle sizes of EFSP was studied with Scanning Electron Microscope images. Drug release from matrix tablets was reduced in the presence of EFSP particles. Most of the formulations were best fitted with Korsmeyer–Peppas and zero-order release kinetics. The value of n was found to be between 0.45 and 0.89, which indicates non-fickian drug transport. Thus, non-effervescent floating behavior can be successfully achieved by using EFSP in HPMC K4M based matrix tablets.
Family mode deactivation therapy ( FMDt ): a randomized controlled trial for adolescents with complex issues

There is an unquestionable need for psychotherapy interventions to effectively treat adolescents with aberrant behaviors, complex comorbid problems, and a history of abuse—a population that is widely considered as difficult-to-treat, but warranting attention due to their cost to society. In response, Family Mode Deactivation Therapy (FMDT) was developed with its roots in cognitive and behavior theories. By recognizing the need to explore and validate core beliefs in the family unit that underlie individual and collective dysfunctional cognitions, a unique Validation-Clarification-Redirection ( VCR) process was combined with selected elements from Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and mindfulness. In this study 122 adolescents and their families were randomly divided into two groups, a control group treated with classical Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques, and the experimental group treated with FMDT methodology. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) tests were scored pre- and post-treatment. The average CBCL and STAXI-2 scores indicated a consistently significant improvement with FMDT treatment, which outperformed that of the control group noticeably. Incidents of physical aggression were also tracked pre-, post-treatment, and at 16-month follow-up. Again, FMDT outperformed the Treatment as Usual (TAU) control group, especially at follow-up, which suggests a much better durability of treatment effects in the time period. The positive results with this population in their family group warrant further research of FMDT.
Ecosystem engineering facilitates invasions by exotic plants in high‐Andean ecosystems

1 Ecosystem engineers are organisms that change abiotic conditions in ways that affect the performance and distribution of other species, including exotics. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the successful establishment of exotic plants in natural communities, but the positive effects that native engineer species may have on the distribution and performance of exotic plants remain unknown. 2 In this study, we propose that amelioration of extreme abiotic conditions by ecosystem engineers can make stressful habitats invadable by exotic plant species, with larger positive effects on the performance of exotic plants as environmental harshness increases. We tested this hypothesis by assessing the effects of a high‐Andean ecosystem engineer, the cushion plant Azorella monantha, which is known to create habitat patches where environmental conditions are less extreme than in the surrounding habitats, on the distribution and the performance of two exotic plant species, field chickweed (Cerastium arvense) and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), along a an elevation gradient in the Andes of central Chile. 3 We measured and compared the abundance, biomass and survival of both exotic species within and outside cushion habitat patches at three elevations (3200 m, 3400 m and 3600 m), and evaluated whether the effects of A. monantha varied across elevations. 4 The results indicated that cushion plants positively impact the performance of both exotics, and have greater facilitative effects at higher elevations. Indeed, at the higher elevation site, C. arvense was only detected within A. monantha patches, suggesting that cushions may expand the distribution range of exotics. These results suggest that ecosystem engineering by native species could promote biological invasions in harsh environments, leading to higher abundances of invaders than those expected in the absence of engineers. 5 Given the conspicuousness of ecosystem engineering in nature, we suggest that exotic species eradication programmes might be less successful by not taking into account the facilitative effects of native engineer species on invaders. Further, we suggest that the recent proposals to use engineer species in ecosystem restoration should be aware of their potential role in promoting invasions.
Role of multiaxial stress state in the hydrogen-assisted rolling-contact fatigue in bearings for wind turbines

Offshore wind turbines often involve important engineering challenges such as the improvement of hydrogen embrittlement resistance of the turbine bearings. These elements frequently suffer the so-called phenomenon of hydrogen-assisted rolling-contact fatigue (HA-RCF) as a consequence of the synergic action of the surrounding harsh environment (the lubricant) supplying hydrogen to the material and the cyclic multiaxial stress state caused by in-service mechanical loading. Thus the complex phenomenon could be classified as hydrogen-assisted rolling-contact multiaxial fatigue (HA-RC-MF). This paper analyses, from the mechanical and the chemical points of view, the so-called ball-on-rod test, widely used to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of turbine bearings. Both the stress-strain states and the steady-state hydrogen concentration distribution are studied, so that a better elucidation can be obtained of the potential fracture places where the hydrogen could be more harmful and, consequently, where the turbine bearings could fail during their life in service.
Admissible Monetary Aggregates and UK Inflation Targeting

This study shows how to construct “admissible” monetary aggregates using a procedure to adjust the simple sum, Divisia and empirical monetary aggregates to be consistent with weak separability. The corresponding “admissible” monetary aggregates have considerable leading indicator information and provide the most accurate predictions of inflation over the Bank of England’s two year forecast horizon.