Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Axioms for Social Welfare Orderings ∗

The theoretical literature on social organizations has always been concerned with the determination of effective institutions or common decision criteria that integrate, in some way or another, the different participating units. In fact this “aggregation problem” has become the fundamental subject of the formal analysis of political and economic organizations. This is clear in the considerable development of the theory of social choice, as initiated by K. Arrow [1951,1963]. But this problem is also at the foundation of the theory of games, which has grown extensively since the book of J. von Neumann and O. Morgenstern [1947]. Furthermore it motivates essentially the revival of interest in a “formal” approach to ethics that has been recently stimulated by Rawls’s [1972] criticism of utilitarianism and by Harsanyi’s [1965, 1977] defense of this doctrine. The intention of this essay is to give an introduction to that part of social choice theory that has strong ethical implications. This part is particularly related to the area of economics that is called, after Pigou [1920], welfare economics. It is less directly related to the area of political science, which analyzes the various methods of election. As a deductive system, social choice theory has made clear the difficult issues that the various interpretations of its basic terms introduce. It has made clear that for each particular ∗Reprinted from Leonid Hurwicz, David Schmeidler and Hugo Sonnenschein (eds.), Social Goals and Social
Fertility Decline Across Regions and Socioeconomic Groups in India : Analysis of Period and Cohort Fertility Trends Through Age-Period-Cohort ( APC ) Models

This paper first investigates the trends in the period and cohort total fertility rates across regions and socioeconomic groups in India. Next, the age-period-cohort models are applied to assess the relative importance of period and cohort factors in fertility decline in India across regions and socioeconomic groups in India. The birth history data from the three rounds of National Family survey (NFHS 1, 2 & 3) is used to estimate the period and cohort total fertility rates. The period fertility rates are estimated for the period 1981-2006 and cohort fertility rates are estimated for women born between 1945 and 1965. Bayesian APC models are used to analyze the significance of period and cohort factors. Results show that both period and cohort fertility declined across all the subpopulations; however, there were remarkable differentials in pace and magnitude. The result from the APC models showed that fertility decline in India is primarily determined by the period factors; however, for north-east region of India, cohort factors were significant in determining the fertility trends.
Working Paper Series

A debated policy issue is how to combine the excellence goals chased by Research and Innovation (R&I) policies and the need to reduce regional disparities as of the EU Cohesion Policy priorities. In other words there is a tension between concentrating funds in core and well-endowed urban areas, in order to reach economies of scale and scope, or rather favouring less endowed, peripheral and economically weaker regions, which could be less prepared to achieve excellence in innovation and research. A way to address this trade-off has been proposed by the recent smart specialisation approach. This approach admits the possibility for any region to generate innovation, by leveraging its own strengths and competitive advantages and selectively targeting its place-based R&I strategy on those economic activities in which the region can hope to excel. However, the conditions which could actually ensure a synergic relation between different policies aiming at enhancing European competitiveness, overcoming possible obstacles and tensions, still have to be explored. This paper aims at providing some insights on how and at which conditions regional innovation policies can be effective in promoting both excellence and cohesion objectives in lagging behind EU regions. To this end, the case of the regional innovation policy carried out by Apulia region (Southern Italy) is presented. The experience of Apulia indicates that there is scope for lagging behind regions to develop well-designed regional innovation systems, supporting the development and implementation of far reaching innovation strategies adapted to the specific needs and assets of regional economy. At the same time, there is a pressing need to develop novel practices of governance in particular as regards avoiding demand-driven approach which adapts excessively to the perspectives of local firms and can be more easily (and in difficult circumstances perhaps even necessarily) prone to short termism. This paper critically describes elements of strengths and weaknesses observed within the case study of Apulia region, to produce lessons learned of more general relevance.
THE MOD-TWO COHOMOLOGY RINGS OF SYMMETRIC GROUPS

We present a new additive basis for the mod-two cohomology of symmetric groups, along with explicit rules for multiplication and application of Steenrod operations in that basis. The key organizational tool is a Hopf ring structure introduced by Strickland and Turner. We elucidate some of the relationships between our approach and previous approaches to the homology and cohomology of symmetric groups.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Ders Çalışma Yaklaşımlarının Akademik Başarıyı

The study approach is one of the factors that affect academic achievement. There are few studies that show what factors predict the study approach and how it predicts academic achievement. This study aims to investigate whether there is a significant difference between the study approaches of education faculty students according to their gender and major and whether the student’s study approach is a significant predictor of their academic achievement or not. The data of this survey study were collected from 476 students in various departments in the faculty of education during 2017-2018 academic year. The data related to the general achievement scores of the participants and gender were collected using a personal information form. To calculate the deep and superficial approach scores, the Studying Approaches Scale was used. 10 items of the Studying Approaches Scale, which consisted of totally 20 items, were related to measure the deep approach, while 10 were related to superficial aproach. A factorial ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used to answer the research question. The results show that the departmental variable makes a significant difference on the deep approach scores, whereas gender does not. On the other hand, both gender and program variables recorded on the surface approach scores do not make a significant difference. The results of regression analysis show that the academic achievement of deep approachand surface approach scores are significant predictors. It was also found that the deep approach scores predicted the Studying Approaches Scale positively, and surface approach negatively; 10% of the variability observed in Studying Approaches Scale were explained by these two variables.
Noninvasive Autonomic and Hemodynamic Monitoring in Severe Sepsis

Objective: To evaluate the effects of sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) activity, monitored by heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) variability, on simultaneously monitored hemodynamic patterns of early severe sepsis and septic shock. We evaluated the temporal hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity patterns in: a) trauma patients with sepsis, b) postoperative patients with sepsis, and c) sepsis as the primary etiologic event compared with sepsis as a secondary complication of trauma or surgery. Methods: We monitored the spectrum of HR and RR variability simultaneously with noninvasive hemodynamic patterns in 228 septic patients beginning shortly after admission to the emergency department (ED) in a level 1 university-run trauma service. Spectral analysis of HR and RR variability revealed low frequency areas (Lfa), mostly indicating SNS activity, and respiratory (or high) frequency areas (Rfa), indicating PSNS activity. Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring provided on-line visual displays of developing hemodynamic patterns of cardiac, pulmonary, and tissue perfusion functions. Results: Spectral analysis of HR and RR variability revealed high Lfa and Rfa values, indicating increased SNS and PSNS activity. The survivors’ early autonomic patterns were associated with increased cardiac index (CI), and HR, normal mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial hemoglobin saturation (SapO2), and tissue perfusion reflected by PtcO2/ FiO2 ratios. Nonsurvivors’ patterns consisted of normal or slightly elevated CI, hypotension, tachycardia, reduced tissue perfusion, low SapO2, and reduced oxygen delivery (DO2). Sudden surges of ANS activity were immediately followed by increased HR, MAP, and CI, and reduced tissue perfusion, especially in nonsurvivors. The opposite hemodynamic changes occurred after abrupt decreases in SNS and PSNS activities. Conclusions: SNS and PSNS activity increased early in sepsis and preceded the pattern of hemodynamic changes. Surges in ANS activity, which were greater in the nonsurvivors, may play a regulatory role in the hemodynamic responses to sepsis.
Percutaneous Retrograde Cardioplegia in Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement Reduces Aortic Cross-Clamping Time Significantly

Introduction: One of the main obstacles of minimally invasive surgery for Aortic Valve Replacement (M-AVR) is the increased Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamping time. We Hypothesize that the use of a percutaneous coronary sinus catheterto deliver retrograde cardioplegia may facilitate surgery and reduce CPBand aortic cross-clamping time. Methods: Data were collected prospectively at the Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Netherlands from May 2014 to May 2016 and were analysed retrospectively. A total of 40 M-AVR patients were included. In all cases warm blood cardioplegia was used. The initial dose of cardioplegia was administered antegradely through the aortic root in all 40 patients. In all patients cardioplegia was repeated each 20 min. Patients with a percutaneous coronary sinus catheter received their following doses of cardioplegia retrogradely, whereas patients without a coronary sinus catheter received cardioplegia selectively through the coronary ostia. Results: 23 patients received retrograde cardioplegia through a percutaneous coronary sinus catheter versus 17 patients that received their cardioplegia solely antegradely. Mean aortic crossclamp time was significantly shorter in the percutaneous coronary sinus catheter group (63 ± 11 vs. 55 ± 12, p=0.045). The mean CPB time was 8 minutes shorter in the percutaneous coronary sinus catheter group, although this was not significant (82 min ± 14 vs. 74 min ± 14, p=0.075). Maximum Troponin T did not differ significantly between the two groups (0.12 [0.08] vs. 0.13 [0.11], p=0.227). Conclusion: Percutaneous retrograde cardioplegia administered through a coronary sinus catheterin minimal invasive AVR reduces aortic cross-clamping time significantly.
eighbourhood structural characteristics and crack cocaine use : xploring the impact of perceived neighbourhood disorder on use mong African Americans

Background: Crack cocaine use and associated negative social and health consequences remain a significant public health problem. Research that expands beyond the individual by considering the environmental context as a determinant of cocaine use is growing. The main objectives of this paper are to examine the effects of perceived neighbourhood disorder as an independent correlate of the frequency of recent crack cocaine use and whether its impact is mediated by use-related practices and social context of use among an African American adult sample in Atlanta (GA). Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 461 respondents who were recruited through active and passive community outreach from 70 disadvantaged urban neighbourhoods across Atlanta. Multivariable negative binomial regression was performed to assess the independent association of perceived neighbourhood disorder with crack cocaine use frequency and to explore potential mediation by userelated practices and social context of use. Results: Perceived neighbourhood disorder did not remain statistically significant after accounting for use-related practices and social context of use. Involvement in drug distribution and having traded sex were associated with increases in frequency of drug use, while using in safer places and using alone were associated with decreases in frequency of use. Conclusion: The results show that perceived neighbourhood disorder is associated with frequency of crack cocaine use independently of socio-demographics. However, its significance was eliminated when controlling for use-related practices and the social context of use. Such practices and the social context of use may mediate the relationship between neighbourhood disorder and crack cocaine use. Future research is needed to more fully elucidate the links between individual and neighbourhood characteristics
The battle of extreme value distributions : A global survey on the extreme 1 daily rainfall 2

6 Theoretically, if the distribution of daily rainfall is known or justifiably assumed, then one could 7 argue, based on extreme value theory, that the distribution of the annual maxima of daily rainfall 8 would resemble one of the three limiting types: (a) type I, known as Gumbel, type II, known as 9 Fréchet and, type III, known as reversed Weibull. Yet, the parent distribution usually is not 10 known and often only records of annual maxima are available. Thus, the question that naturally 11 arises is which one of the three types better describes the annual maxima of daily rainfall. The 12 question is of great importance as the naïve adoption of a particular type may lead to serious 13 underestimation or overestimation of the return period assigned to specific rainfall amounts. To 14 answer this question, we analyze the annual maximum daily rainfall of 15 137 records from all 15 over the world, with lengths varying from 40 to 163 years. We fit the Generalized Extreme Value 16 (GEV) distribution, which comprises the three limiting types as special cases for specific values 17 of its shape parameter, and analyze the fitting results focusing on the behavior of the shape 18 parameter. The analysis reveals that: (a) the record length strongly affects the estimate of the 19 GEV shape parameter and long records are needed for reliable estimates, (b) when the effect of 20 the record length is corrected the shape parameter varies in a narrow range, (c) the geographical 21 location of the globe may affect the value of the shape parameter, and (d) the winner of this 22 battle is the Fréchet law. 23
Discovering hot routes using license plate number data

Traffic camera plays an important role in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). A major function of traffic camera is license plate number recognition. This paper focuses on discovering city-wide hot routes using license plate number data recorded by traffic cameras deployed throughout the city. This task is challenging due to the following two reasons: First, a vehicle trajectory could usually contribute to only a small portion of a hot route. Second, the high degree of uncertainty of license plate number data makes the existing mining algorithms ineffective. Aiming at these problems, a two-phase method is proposed: First, it extracts hot routes by aggregating the license plate number data from multiple traffic cameras and vehicles. Second, it compresses the mined hot routes based on a clustering and ranking algorithm. We have evaluated our method based on real-world license plate number data from a city-wide traffic camera system.
Fuzzy explicit marking for congestion control in differentiated services networks

This paper presents a new active queue management scheme, fuzzy explicit marking (FEM), implemented within the differentiated services (Diffserv) framework to provide the congestion control using a fuzzy logic control approach. Network congestion control remains a critical and high priority issue. The rapid growth of the Internet and increased demand to use the Internet for time-sensitive voice and video applications necessitate the design and utilization of effective congestion control algorithms, especially for new architectures, such as Diffserv. As a result, a number of researchers are now looking at alternatively schemes to TCP congestion control. RED (random early detection) and its variants are one of these alternatives to provide quality of service (QoS) in TCP/IP Diffserv networks. The proposed fuzzy logic approach for congestion control allows the use of linguistic knowledge to capture the dynamics of nonlinear probability marking functions and offer effective implementation, use of multiple inputs to capture the (dynamic) state of the network more accurately, enable finer tuning for packet marking behaviors (either dropping a packet or setting its ECN - explicit congestion notification - bit) for aggravated flows, and thus provide better QoS to different types of data streams, such as TCP/FTP traffic or TCP/Web-like traffic, whilst maintaining high utilization.
Examining the Informational Role of Analysts ’ Forecasts and its Impact on the Post-Earnings-Announcement-Drift

Prior research documents the existence of two distinct post-earnings-announcement-drifts. Interestingly, investors seem to underreact more toward analyst-based earnings surprises than toward seasonal random walk earnings surprises. In this paper, we measure the extent of investors’ delayed reaction relative to the total market response to the earnings surprises. Using this measure, we find that investors react proportionately faster and more thoroughly to analystbased earnings surprises than to random walk earnings surprises, suggesting that analyst-based earnings surprises are relatively less related with a delayed investor reaction compared with random walk earnings surprises. We also find that as the informativeness of analyst earnings forecasts increases, investors’ response to earnings surprises increases more in instant form than in delayed form. In contrast, as the informativeness of random walk earnings expectations increases, investors’ delayed response increases more than their instant response. Finally, we find that investors’ faster and more thorough response to analyst-based earnings surprises increases in the quality of the firms’ information environment. Our results complement existing research findings by utilizing a relative PEAD measure and provide a greater understanding toward the interpretation of both drifts.
Effects of Vocabulary Memorizing Tools on L2 Learners' Vocabulary Size

This study was designed both to develop vocabulary memorizing tools and to examine their effects on Korean L2 learners’ vocabulary size. It was hypothesized that learners would memorize new words best with a computerized tool functioning in accordance with their individual preferences. In this study, 54 high school students participated. Self-regulated learners and other-regulated learners were provided with two types of vocabulary memorizing tools to expand their vocabulary size: one that allowed them to find target words (self-guided tool) and one that required finding words in a preplanned order (other-guided tool), respectively. Contrary to our hypothesis, which predicted better results for the matching tools, learners with the opposite tools (self-regulated learners with otherguided tool and other-regulated learners with self-guided tool) performed significantly better. Furthermore, they performed significantly better in memorization of all the content words than the matching group except for adverbs. However, the self-guided tool was found very effective for both styles of learners. Based on the results, since the level of engagement played an important role in memorizing words, we suggest teachers consider their students’ learning preferences and the level of engagement when devising classroom activities.
Concept of reliable change in the usage of the KON-2006 Neurotic Personality Questionnaire

The KON-2006 is a questionnaire enabling the assessment of neurotic personality traits. This paper presents a method of categorising changes in the KON-2006 assessment based on the reliable change concept (RC). The RC helps to determine whether a given magnitude of change in a patient can be attributed to a real transformation of the subject or whether it is an effect of the imprecision of a given measuring instrument instead. Cut-off point values for a reliable change (RCV) in KON-2006 results are presented. These values were computed for the global index of neurotic disintegration (X-KON) and for 24 subscales of the questionnaire.
Collusion Problem of the EBS-Based Dynamic Key Management Scheme

The security of wireless sensor networks has attracted much attention in recent years and the key management is the focus.EBS-based dynamic key management scheme is a new approach for wireless sensor networks.Its major advantages are its enhanced network survivability,high dynamic performance and better support for network expansion.But it suffers from the collusion problem,which means it is prone to the cooperative attack of the compromised nodes.In this paper,the feature of the collusion problem is analyzed and an optimization model is proposed,maximizing the length of the shortest collusion chain,which is the key issue of the problem.A discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm for the collusion problem is also presented based on the optimization model proposed.Simulation results show that compared with the former works,the resilience of the network and the difficulty to compromise the whole network are both greatly improved.
Suitability Analysis of Green Open Space (Gos) Model Based On Area Characteristics in Kupang City, Indonesia

----------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------------Appearing of any exotic species at the urban green open space (GOS) is due to the insufficient informations about vegetation suitability for the GOS . This study aims to improve GOS quality that combined the GOS function, GOS model, and location suitability of GOS with any local vegetations into the optimal location of GOS. This study involved a descriptive analysis to determine characteristics of GOS based on local area characteristics at the Kupang city. This study also applied the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the priority of GOS development based on the GOS function, GOS model, and priority location; analysis of the coefficient ideal-rating (CIR) to evaluate suitability of local vegetation with a GOS function, GOS model, and priority location; the GOS modelling to design the priority location which is suitable with the GOS model and GOS function combined with any local vegetations. Results show that priority location for GOS development based on the ecological functions are the Frans Seda Street, Oebobo Kupang-Indonesia district, which consists of a shading tree (Blackboard tree, Asian palmyra palm and Siamese senna) and any ornamental species (Crinum lily, shoe flower, oleander and snake plant).
THE EFFECTS OF CONTENT FEEDBACK ON STUDENTS

This study intends to investigate the effects of the implementation of content feedback on learners' performance in writing. We hypothesized that using coded feedback on content had a positive effect on learner’s improvement in writing. To test our hypothesis, an experiment was ∗ Assistant Professor, University Center of Khenchela (Algeria), Institute of Letters and Languages, Department of English. englishe13@yahoo.com