Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Political Violence Shapes Trust in the State

How does exposure to violent events shape civilian attitudes towards the government? In this paper we measure the short-term e↵ects of state political violence on civilian attitudes. We create an original subnational dataset of more than 10,000 violent events and more than 65,000 household survey responses. These events and interviews span 16 Sub-Saharan African countries and three waves of the Afrobarometer (46 nationally-representative surveys from 2002-2009). To measure the causal e↵ect of political violence we introduce a novel identification strategy that exploits the exogenous timing of the Afrobarometer’s survey dates to compare individuals who were interviewed just after violent events (treated) to those individuals interviewed just before violent events (control), within the same district. We find that individuals interviewed shortly following the occurrence of violent events in their district are substantially more likely to report trust in their head of state, parliament, local government ocials, and police forces ‐ an e↵ect that increases in magnitude as the timing of the violence event(s) near the interview date. These findings provide a logic for why leaders pursue strategies of violence both against opposition groups as well as against civilians, a finding with implications for the study of electoral violence and of ‘routine’ state repression. Finally we show that, while exposure to violence does raise reported levels of fear, civilian reports of higher trust for the government does not reflect fear of state repression, punishment or self-censorship but rather support for enhancing local political order.
Effect of Feeding Antibiotic - Free Rations Supplemented with Some Selected Herbals Oil Mixture on Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Female Broilers Performance, Hematological Profile and Antibody Titer

The effect of feeding antibiotics-free ration supplemented with Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa and Thymus vulgaris oil mixture on vaccinated and non-vaccinated female broilers was studied. An experiment of 4 dietary treatments of 4 replicates x 25 chicks each was conducted on Lohman female broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Dietary treatments consisted of the same starter and finisher antibiotic-free rations, supplemented or not with 0.2% oils mixture of Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa and Thymus vulgaris (1:1:1) throughout the experiment period. The statistical findings of this study proved that, the addition of oil mixture to antibiotics-free ration improved significantly live body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of un-vaccinated and vaccinated female broilers at 21- and 42- days of age. Moreover, oil mixture improved (P< 0.5) antibody titer of vaccinated female broilers at 21-days of age against ND, IBD and IB. Meanwhile, at 21-days of age the addition of oil mixture to the vaccinated female broilers didn’t reflect an additional significant improvement in antibody titer against studied diseases. But addition of oil mixture to un-vaccinated female broilers ration improved (P<0.05) antibody titer against ND, IB and IBD compared with un-vaccinated female broiler fed the un-supplemented ration. The present study showed that at 21-days of age, addition of oil mixture to vaccinated female broilers increased significantly WBCs, heterophils and lymphocytes, while, addition of oil mixture to unvaccinated female broilers antibiotics-free ration increased significantly Hct and thrombocytes counts compared with other dietary treatments. On the other hand, at 42-days of age vaccinated female broilers fed antibiotics-free ration recorded the highest (P<0.05) WBCs and Hct counts compared with other dietary treatments. Meanwhile, the use of oil mixture of PA, NS and NS did not resulted significantly in any positive effects on other measured parameters.
On the Spectra and Pseudospectra of a Class of Non-Self-Adjoint Random Matrices and Operators

In this paper we develop and apply methods for the spectral analysis of non-self-adjoint tridiagonal infinite and finite random matrices, and for the spectral analysis of analogous deterministic matrices which are pseudo-ergodic in the sense of E.B. Davies (Commun. Math. Phys. 216 (2001), 687-704). As a major application to illustrate our methods we focus on the "hopping sign model" introduced by J.Feinberg and A.Zee (Phys. Rev. E 59 (1999), 6433-6443), in which the main objects of study are random tridiagonal matrices which have zeros on the main diagonal and random $\pm 1$'s as the other entries. We explore the relationship between spectral sets in the finite and infinite matrix cases, and between the semi-infinite and bi-infinite matrix cases, for example showing that the numerical range and $p$-norm $\eps$-pseudospectra ($\eps>0$, $p\in [1,\infty]$) of the random finite matrices converge almost surely to their infinite matrix counterparts, and that the finite matrix spectra are contained in the infinite matrix spectrum $\Sigma$. We also propose a sequence of inclusion sets for $\Sigma$ which we show is convergent to $\Sigma$, with the $n$th element of the sequence computable by calculating smallest singular values of (large numbers of) $n\times n$ matrices. We propose similar convergent approximations for the 2-norm $\eps$-pseudospectra of the infinite random matrices, these approximations sandwiching the infinite matrix pseudospectra from above and below.
Utility of FTIR spectroscopic analysis of saliva of diabetic pregnant women in each trimester

FTIR spectroscopy has been successfully employed to compare the saliva of the diseased and normal pregnant women. The absorption values of the specific bands of the spectra in each trimester compared, and the internal ratio parameter are calculated. The study shows that there is a change in the salivary pattern of normal and diseased women in each trimester.
Diffusion and Concentration of Solids in the Dead Zone of a Protoplanetary Disk

The streaming instability is a promising mechanism to drive the formation of planetesimals in protoplanetary disks. To trigger this process, it has been argued that sedimentation of solids onto the mid-plane needs to be efficient, and therefore that a quiescent gaseous environment is required. It is often suggested that dead-zone or disk-wind structure created by non-ideal magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) effects meets this requirement. However, simulations have shown that the mid-plane of a dead zone is not completely quiescent. In order to examine the concentration of solids in such an environment, we use the local-shearing-box approximation to simulate a particle-gas system with an Ohmic dead zone including mutual drag force between the gas and the solids. We systematically compare the evolution of the system with ideal or non-ideal MHD, with or without backreaction drag force from particles on gas, and with varying solid abundances. Similar to previous investigations of dead-zone dynamics, we find that particles of dimensionless stopping time do not sediment appreciably more than those in ideal magnetorotational turbulence, resulting in a vertical scale height an order of magnitude larger than in a laminar disk. Contrary to the expectation that this should curb the formation of planetesimals, we nevertheless find that strong clumping of solids still occurs in the dead zone when solid abundances are similar to the critical value for a laminar environment. This can be explained by the weak radial diffusion of particles near the mid-plane. The results imply that the sedimentation of particles to the mid-plane is not a necessary criterion for the formation of planetesimals by the streaming instability.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence & Injury in Wrestlers

In this study, emotional intelligence, which is the ability to understand the excitement and emotion, was evaluated in Iranian elite wrestlers (with the mean age 19.40±5.5years) to determine its relationship with sports injuries. For this purpose, 90 wrestlers, who had participated in Country Championships and who had been invited to Iranian national team in 2012, participated in this research. For data collection, profile sheets, the Schulte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test, sports injury reports and interviews with athletes and team physicians in addition to available medical records were used. Based on the wrestlers’ injury reports, there was an average of 12 injuries in 2012. The results showed significant negative relationships between the ability of wrestlers to regulate emotions (p=-0.309), their ability to use emotions (p=-0.313), their ability to assess their emotions (p=-0.582), their ability to generally regulate their emotions (p=-0.445) with the number of sports injuries. Also, only the ability to assess the emotions could predict the probability of injuries in wrestlers, that is, the wrestlers who had high ability to regulate their emotions suffered from lower injuries. The significant relationship between the components of emotional intelligence and the number of sports injuries showed that the athletes who had lower ability to regulate their emotional intelligence might put themselves more in risky situations and consequently more injuries. Coaches and officials are recommended to identify these athletes and to improve their emotional intelligence to reduce the probability of their sports injuries.
Soil Chemical Amendments and the Macronutrients Mobility Evaluation in Oxisol Treated With Biochar

Biochar is material produced during a process called pyrolysis. This material can be used as fertilizer to increase the agronomic productivity of low fertility soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil chemical amendments and the macronutrients leaching following biochar application, produced from poultry litter, in Yellow Red Latosol in laboratory experiments. Soil columns (height 20 cm) containing 0; 10; 15; 20; 25 and 30 t ha-1 of biochar with four replications totaled 24 experimental units. For 30 days, water was applied daily to each column, and the leachates were collected and chemically characterized. After this period, soil samples were taken from the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layer depth and chemically characterized. Biochar reduced exchangeable acidity values. Biochar improved soil fertility. Leachates contained increasing EC, K, Na, Ca and Mg, however the concentration of these elements were small in relation to the biochar doses.
UK national minimum wage and labor market outcomes of young workers

Abstract The UK national minimum wage (NMW) is age-specific with the most important threshold at the age of 22 (lowered to 21 from 2010 onwards) when workers become eligible for the adult rate. The authors estimate the impact of this threshold on employment by means of a regression discontinuity analysis. Because this threshold is known in advance, they investigate the presence of discontinuities in both the level and the slope of employment probabilities at different ages around the threshold. Their results indicate that turning 22 does not significantly change the employment probability. However, they find a significant change in the slope of the probability of being employed around one year before, suggesting a smooth deterioration of employment probability before turning 22 rather than a sudden change at a particular age. This finding is confirmed by a differencein- difference analysis. However, no such effect can be found during the period preceding the introduction of the NMW.
Optimal phasing of district heating network investments using multi-stage stochastic programming

Most design optimisation studies for district heating systems have focused on the optimal sizing of network assets and on the location of production units. However, the strategic value of the flexibility in phasing of the inherently modular heat networks, which is an important aspect in many feasibility studies for district heating schemes in the UK, is almost always neglected in the scientific literature. This paper considers the sequential problem faced by a decision-maker in the phasing of long-term investments into district heating networks and their expansions. The problem is formulated as a multi-stage stochastic programme to determine the annual capital expenditure that maximises the expected net present value of the project. The optimisation approach is illustrated by applying it to the hypothetical case of the UK’s Marston Vale eco town. It was found that the approach is capable of simulating the optimal growth of a network, from both a single heat source or separate islands of growth, as well as the optimal marginal expansion of an existing district heating network. The proposed approach can be used by decision makers as a framework to determine both the optimal phasing and extension of district heating networks and can be adapted simply to various, more complex real-life situations by introducing additional constraints and parameters. The versatility of the base formulation also makes it a powerful approach regardless of the size of the network and also potentially applicable to cooling networks.
Asteroid shapes and thermal properties from combined optical and mid-infrared photometry inversion

Optical lightcurves can be used for the shape and spin reconstruction of asteroids. Due to unknown albedo, these models are scale-free. When thermal infrared data are available, they can be used for scaling the shape models and for deriving thermophysical properties of the surface by applying a thermophysical model. We introduce a new method of simultaneous inversion of optical and thermal infrared data that allows the size of an asteroid to be derived along with its shape and spin state. The method optimizes all relevant parameters (shape and its size, spin state, light-scattering properties, thermal inertia, surface roughness) by gradient-based optimization. The thermal emission is computed by solving the 1-D heat diffusion equation. Calibrated optical photometry and thermal fluxes at different wavelengths are needed as input data. We demonstrate the reliability and test the accuracy of the method on selected targets with different amount and quality of data. Our results in general agree with those obtained by independent methods. Combining optical and thermal data into one inversion method opens a new possibility for processing photometry from large optical sky surveys with the data from WISE. It also provides more realistic estimates of errors of thermophysical parameters.
Setting high expectations is not enough: linkages between expectation climate strength, trust, and employee performance

Purpose Drawing on climate theory and social exchange theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how the strength of the expectation climate, defined as the degree of agreement among job incumbents on what is expected from them, affects their job performance. To explain this relationship, the authors utilize mediating trust-in-the organization effects as an explanatory avenue. Design/methodology/approach In a time-lagged data sample of 568 public service employees, whose job performance is rated by their 242 line managers, the authors apply multilevel modeling. The authors employed stratified random sampling techniques across 75 job categories in a large, public sector organization in Belgium. Findings The analysis provides support for the argument that expectation climate strength via mediating trust-in-the organization effects impacts positively on the relationship between employee expectations and performance. Specifically, the significant association of the expectation climate strength with trust suggests that the perceived consensus about the expectations among different job incumbents demonstrates an organization’s trustworthiness and reliability to pursue intentions that are deemed favorable for employees. The authors conjecture that expectation climate strength breeds trust which strengthens employees’ job performance. Practical implications HRM professionals in general, and line managers in particular, should heed the advice and carefully manage their tools and practices in an effort to signal compatible expectancies to different job incumbents in the same or similar roles. Originality/value The results shed new light on the mechanisms through which the strength of collective expectations impacts employee outcomes.
Discovery of 21 New Changing-look AGNs in the Northern Sky

The rare case of changing-look (CL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs), with the appearance or disappearance of broad Balmer emission lines within a few years, challenges our understanding of the AGN unified model. We present a sample of 21 new CL AGNs at 0.08 < z < 0.58 , which doubles the number of such objects known to date. These new CL AGNs were discovered in various ways, from (1) repeat spectra in the SDSS, (2) repeat spectra in the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) and SDSS, and (3) photometric variability and new spectroscopic observations. We use the photometric data from surveys, including the SDSS imaging survey, the Pan-STARRS1, the DESI Legacy imaging survey, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey, and the Palomar Transient Factory. The estimated upper limits of the transition timescale of the CL AGNs in this sample spans from 0.9 to 13 years in the rest-frame. The continuum flux in the optical and mid-infrared becomes brighter when the CL AGNs turn on, or vice versa. Variations of more than 0.2 mag in the W1 band were detected in 15 CL AGNs during the transition. The optical and mid-infrared variability is not consistent with the scenario of variable obscuration in 10 CL AGNs at more than the 3σ confidence level. We confirm a bluer-when-brighter trend in the optical. However, the mid-infrared WISE colors W1–W2 become redder when the objects become brighter in the W1 band, possibly due to a stronger hot dust contribution in the W2 band when the AGN activity becomes stronger. The physical mechanism of type transition is important for understanding the evolution of AGNs.
Examination of the Relationship between Luxury Value Perception and Shopping Motivations: Turkey Sample

It was aimed to reveal the effects of financial, functional, individual and social value perceptions on hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations within this study. In this direction, a questionnaire was conducted to people over the age of 18 in cities representing 12 regions of Turkey and 2857 questionnaires were put into consideration in total. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were applied to data. According to findings it was identified that the luxury value perception has influence over hedonic and utilitarian motivations. The individual value dimension of luxury perception has the highest effect on hedonic motivations and social, financial and functional value dimensions follow it respectively. And the relative effect of functional luxury value perception also has the highest effect on utilitarian motivations and the financial, individual and social values follow respectively. It was found that, while all these perception’s effects have positive impacts, only the social value perception has a negative impact on utilitarian motivations.
Designing Education for Professional Expertise Development

ABSTRACT How to facilitate learning by novices (students) on their road to expertise has attracted the attention of a vast number of researchers in cognitive and educational psychology as well in the field of learning and instruction. Although many studies have investigated the phenomenon of expertise development, the implications of the findings for instruction are scattered throughout the literature. This article reports the results of a systematic literature review of 37 studies on expertise development. Using Tynjälä's Integrative Pedagogy Model as an organising framework, the implications for educational practice described in these studies are presented as 10 instructional principles. This study takes a step towards translating expertise development research into guidelines for instruction. Implications for future research are discussed.
Effect of Simultaneous Administration of PGF 2 α and GnRH on Follicular Development, Oestrus and the timing of Ovulation in Cows

DoleIel R. , R. Novotn˘, S. âech, J. Zajic, V. Havliaek: Effect of Simultaneous Administration of PGF 2 α and GnRH on Follicular Development, Oestrus and the Timing of Ovulation in Cows. Acta Vet. Brno 2000, 69: 289-296. The aim of this study was synchronization of oestrus in cows by simultaneous administration of PGF2α and GnRH. Synchronization of oestrus was repeated in 5 cows housed at our department of the university (group I) and 32 cycling cows in dairy farms (group II and III). In total 15 synchronized sexual cycles were observed in group I. Oestrus was synchronized by intramuscular administration of 500 µg of cloprostenol (Oestrophan, Ferring-Leaiva, Prague, Czech Republic) and 100 µg of lecirelin pro toto (Supergestran, Ferring-Leaiva, Prague, Czech Republic) at the same time during the luteal phase of the sexual cycle. The cows were examined by transrectal ultrasonography daily from the day of treatment to occurrence of a new luteal phase, and ovarian structures were evaluated in group I. Ultrasonographical examination of ovarian structures were performed on the day of treatment (day 0) and on days 3, 7 and 14 and samples of peripheral blood for progesterone determination by ELISA were obtained on days 0, 3 and 7 in group II (n = 12). Daily detection of oestrus and ultrasonographical examination on days 0, 14 and 28 after treatment were performed in group III (n = 20). The cows in oestrus were inseminated and conception rate was evaluated in this group. The new follicular wave occurred on the day 3 or 4 in all synchronized sexual cycles and ovulation occurred in 1 synchronized cycle on the day 3, in 6 cycles between days 7 and 9 and in 6 cycles between days 10 and 17 in group I. Ovulation did not occur and luteal cysts developed in 2 synchronized cycles in group I. Ovulation occurred in 5 cows until day 3 and in 4 cows between days 3 and 14 after treatment in group II. Ovulation was not proved in 3 cows until day 14 and luteal cysts developed in 1 of them. Total concentration of progesterone were 2.40 ± 0.989, 0.22 ± 0.054 and 0.44 ± 0.323 ng/ml on days 0, 3 and 7, respectively. Oestrus occurred most frequently between days 3 and 8 after treatment and total conception rate after insemination was 41 % in group III. Simultaneous administration of PGF2α and GnRH during the luteal phase of the sexual cycle does not represent a sufficiently efficient method of synchronization of oestrus in cows. The majority of oestrus and ovulation occurs on days 3 and 8 after treatment. Cows, PGF2α, GnRH, synchronization of oestrus, follicular wave, ovulation, progesterone