Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial ecology of the rumen evaluated by 454 GS FLX pyrosequencing is affected by starch and oil supplementation of diets.

To provide a comprehensive examination of the bacterial diversity in the rumen content of cows fed different diets, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing was used. Four rumen fistulated nonlactating Holstein cows received 12 kg of dry matter per day of four diets based on maize silage during four periods: the low-starch diet (22% starch, 3% fat); the high-starch diet, supplemented with wheat plus barley (35% starch, 3% fat); the low-starch plus oil diet, supplemented with 5% of sunflower oil (20% starch, 7.6% fat) and the high-starch plus oil diet (33% starch, 7.3% fat). Samples were taken after 12 days of adaptation, 5 h postfeeding. Whatever the diet, bacterial community of sieved rumen contents was dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Rikenellaceae families were highly present and were clearly affected by cow diet. The highest abundance of Prevotellaceae and the lowest abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Rikenellaceae were found with the high-starch plus oil diet. Dietary starch increased the relative abundance of only three genera: Barnesiella, Oribacterium and Olsenella, but decreased the relative abundances of several genera, with very significant effects for Rikenellaceae_RC9 and Butyrivibrio-Pseudobutyrivibrio. Oil alone had a limited effect, but interestingly, starch plus oil addition differently affected the bacterial populations compared to starch addition without oil.
Seasonal and vertical distribution of putative ammonia-oxidizing thaumarchaeotal communities in an oligotrophic lake.

The discovery of Archaea carrying an amoA gene coding for the A-subunit of ammonia monooxygenase gave a boost to studies aimed at detecting this gene under diverse conditions. Despite numerous studies describing the archaeal amoA gene abundance and richness in different habitats, the understanding of the freshwater ecology of potentially archaeal ammonia oxidizers, recently positioned in the phylum Thaumarchaeota, is still lacking. In a seasonal and vertical study of deep oligotrophic Lake Lucerne, Switzerland, with high Thaumarchaeota-specific crenarchaeol concentrations, we showed that all archaeal 16S rRNA genes found belong to the thaumarchaeotal phylum. The abundances of archaeal 16S rRNA and amoA genes remained in the same order of magnitude (average 6 × mL(-1) ) and displayed matching seasonal dynamics within 16 monthly collected samples at three different water depths (r(2) = 0.80, slope of 1.06). The Thaumarchaeota in this lake form a distinct cluster in both the 16S rRNA and amoA gene phylogenies, are affiliated to other thaumarchaeotal freshwater sequences within group 1.1a Archaea, and fall in the low saline cluster of the amoA phylogeny. In accordance with temperature and conductivity, the Thaumarchaeota in the surface water showed a significantly different seasonality and lower abundance than their counterparts in the deeper waters. This study indicates that the ecology of Thaumarchaeota, with their potential in nitrogen cycling, may differ per water depth in deep freshwater ecosystems.
Improving Naïve Bayes models of insurance risk by unsupervised classification

In the paper application of Naive Bayes model, for evaluation of the risk connected with life insurance of customers, is considered. Clients are classified into groups of different insurance risk levels. There is proposed to improve the efficiency of classification by using cluster analysis in the preprocessing phase. Experiments showed that, however the percentage of correctly qualified instances is satisfactory in case of Naive Bayes classification, but the use of cluster analysis and building separate models for different groups of clients improve significantly the accuracy of classification. Finally, there is discussed increasing of efficiency by using cluster validation techniques or tolerance threshold that enables obtaining clusters of very good quality.
Metal oxides, clay minerals and charcoal determine the composition of microbial communities in matured artificial soils and their response to phenanthrene.

Microbial communities in soil reside in a highly heterogeneous habitat where diverse mineral surfaces, complex organic matter and microorganisms interact with each other. This study aimed to elucidate the long-term effect of the soil mineral composition and charcoal on the microbial community composition established in matured artificial soils and their response to phenanthrene. One year after adding sterile manure to different artificial soils and inoculating microorganisms from a Cambisol, the matured soils were spiked with phenanthrene or not and incubated for another 70 days. 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer fragments amplified from total community DNA were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Metal oxides and clay minerals and to a lesser extent charcoal influenced the microbial community composition. Changes in the bacterial community composition in response to phenanthrene differed depending on the mineral composition and presence of charcoal, while no shifts in the fungal community composition were observed. The abundance of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase genes was increased in phenanthrene-spiked soils except for charcoal-containing soils. Here we show that the formation of biogeochemical interfaces in soil is an ongoing process and that different properties present in artificial soils influenced the bacterial response to the phenanthrene spike.
Targeted search for actinomycetes from nearshore and deep-sea marine sediments.

Sediment samples collected off the coast of San Diego were analyzed for actinomycete diversity using culture-independent techniques. Eight new operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the Streptomycetaceae were identified as well as new diversity within previously cultured marine OTUs. Sequences belonging to the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora were also detected, despite the fact that this genus has only been reported from more tropical environments. Independent analyses of marine sediments from the Canary Basin (3814 m) and the South Pacific Gyre (5126 and 5699 m) also revealed Salinispora sequences providing further support for the occurrence of this genus in deep-sea sediments. Efforts to culture Salinispora spp. from these samples have yet to be successful. This is the first report of Salinispora spp. from marine sediments > 1100 m and suggests that the distribution of this genus is broader than previously believed.
Developing and validating a novel multisource comorbidity score from administrative data: a large population-based cohort study from Italy

Objective To develop and validate a novel comorbidity score (multisource comorbidity score (MCS)) predictive of mortality, hospital admissions and healthcare costs using multiple source information from the administrative Italian National Health System (NHS) databases. Methods An index of 34 variables (measured from inpatient diagnoses and outpatient drug prescriptions within 2 years before baseline) independently predicting 1-year mortality in a sample of 500 000 individuals aged 50 years or older randomly selected from the NHS beneficiaries of the Italian region of Lombardy (training set) was developed. The corresponding weights were assigned from the regression coefficients of a Weibull survival model. MCS performance was evaluated by using an internal (ie, another sample of 500 000 NHS beneficiaries from Lombardy) and three external (each consisting of 500 000 NHS beneficiaries from Emilia-Romagna, Lazio and Sicily) validation sets. Discriminant power and net reclassification improvement were used to compare MCS performance with that of other comorbidity scores. MCS ability to predict secondary health outcomes (ie, hospital admissions and costs) was also investigated. Results Primary and secondary outcomes progressively increased with increasing MCS value. MCS improved the net 1-year mortality reclassification from 27% (with respect to the Chronic Disease Score) to 69% (with respect to the Elixhauser Index). MCS discrimination performance was similar in the four regions of Italy we tested, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (95% CI) being 0.78 (0.77 to 0.79) in Lombardy, 0.78 (0.77 to 0.79) in Emilia-Romagna, 0.77 (0.76 to 0.78) in Lazio and 0.78 (0.77 to 0.79) in Sicily. Conclusion MCS seems better than conventional scores for predicting health outcomes, at least in the general population from Italy. This may offer an improved tool for risk adjustment, policy planning and identifying patients in need of a focused treatment approach in the everyday medical practice.
Activity of omacetaxine mepesuccinate against ponatinib-resistant BCR-ABL-positive cells.

To the editor: Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ABL) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib have improved the survival of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive leukemia patients. [1][1] However, despite the impressive efficacy of these agents,
Chronic fatigue syndrome in 57-year-old woman

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by unexplained fatigue lasting for more than 6 months and accompanied by flulike symptoms. It most commonly affects women aged between 30 and 60 years. To date, clear diagnostic criteria allowing for unambiguous diagno-sis of CFS have not been established. We present a case of a 57-year-old woman with chronic fatigue syndrome in order to showcase the symptoms of this condition and propose a diagnos-tic protocol.
Learning from near misses: from quick fixes to closing off the Swiss-cheese holes

Introduction The extent to which individuals in healthcare use near misses as learning opportunities remains poorly understood. Thus, an exploratory study was conducted to gain insight into the nature of, and contributing factors to, organisational learning from near misses in clinical practice. Methods A constructivist grounded theory approach was employed which included semi-structured interviews with 24 participants (16 clinicians and 8 administrators) from a large teaching hospital in Canada. Results This study revealed three scenarios for the responses to near misses, the most common involved ‘doing a quick fix’ where clinicians recognised and corrected an error with no further action. The second scenario consisted of reporting near misses but not hearing back from management, which some participants characterised as ‘going into a black hole’. The third scenario was ‘closing off the Swiss-cheese holes’, in which a reported near miss generated corrective action at an organisational level. Explanations for ‘doing a quick fix’ included the pervasiveness of near misses that cause no harm and fear associated with reporting the near miss. ‘Going into a black hole’ reflected managers' focus on operational duties and events that harmed patients. ‘Closing off the Swiss-cheese holes’ occurred when managers perceived substantial potential for harm and preventability. Where learning was perceived to occur, leaders played a pivotal role in encouraging near-miss reporting. Conclusion To optimise learning, organisations will need to determine which near misses are appropriate to be responded to as ‘quick fixes’ and which ones require further action at the unit and corporate levels.
Quality of Austrian and Dutch falls-prevention information: A comparative descriptive study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the quality of written patient information material available in Austrian and Dutch hospitals and nursing homes pertaining to falls prevention. Design: Comparative descriptive study design Setting: Hospitals and nursing homes in Austria and the Netherlands. Method: Written patient information material (n = 77) was independently evaluated by two assessors using the 36-item Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) scale with regard to content, structure and identification data. EQIP global scores were calculated and country- and institution-specific (hospitals and nursing homes) differences were analysed. Results: The written patient information material available in Dutch hospitals had a significantly higher EQIP mean score than that in Austrian hospitals (p < .0001). The difference in EQIP global score between the countries was not significant for the written patient information material in nursing homes (p = .479). Sub-scale analyses indicated that Dutch institutions reached significantly higher mean values in the global scores for content and structure than Austrian ones (p < .05). Conclusion: Although Dutch written patient information material pertaining to falls prevention was of higher quality than that in Austria, both countries suffered from shortcomings, especially with regard to content and identification data. Authors of written patient information material face a great challenge in taking consumer involvement and evidence-based criteria into account.
Personality factors influencing the adoption of shrimp culture technologies

Shrimp farming has emerged as sunrise sector in the aquaculture scenario of India. The present study revealed that personality characreristics such as social participation, information seeking behaviour; marketing behaviour, annual income, economic motivation and farm size together explained the largest per cent of the total variance on the overall extent of adoption of technologies by Shrimp farmers. The second level of influential variables on the extent of adoption were type of ownership and family size. The other factors on order of level of influence were socio-psychological, material and socio-personal factors.
Attitudes towards infection prevention and control: an interview study with nursing students and nurse mentors

Background Despite both national and international recommendations for good practice in infection prevention and control (IPC), compliance can be low. Several reasons for this have been identified, including staff attitudes. There is little literature on how these attitudes are perceived by nursing students learning in clinical placements, and this study was undertaken to explore perceptions of both nursing students and their mentors in relation to attitudes towards IPC. Methods Qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with 31 nursing students and 32 nurse mentors recruited from one large university and one large NHS Trust in the North of England. Results Nursing students generally perceived a negative attitude towards IPC from qualified staff and identified that it was considered to be an additional workload burden as opposed to an integral aspect of patient safety and quality care. Mentors identified more positive attitudes within their areas and organisation, but their comments did not always reflect this. Mentors were more of the opinion that staff attitudes could affect student practice and learning than were students. Discussion Nurses in practice need to be more aware of how their attitudes towards IPC can be perceived by nursing students and the possible consequences of this for student learning and practice. Staff need to work towards identifying barriers to good infection prevention practice and ways to overcome these.
How and Why Social Work Fails Fathers: Redressing an Imbalance, Social Work's Role and Responsibility

This paper presents a study of the ways in which fathers have been, and are, depicted in social work literature from theory to training materials and across a range of policy and practice documents. It argues that there is a pervasive and influential negative attitude towards fathers, particularly in the children and families field. The paper identifies and discusses the reasons for this and concludes with practice pointers for the greater involvement of fathers.
Association Between Telomere Shortening and Ageing During Occupational Exposure

Association Between Telomere Shortening and Ageing During Occupational Exposure Telomere length is considered as a biomarker of ageing, resulting in shortening during the process. The present investigation was an attempt to determine the relative telomere length in mechanical workshop workers. Telomere length shortening in cells during occupational exposure causes accelerated ageing. Genomic DNA was isolated from buccal epithelial cells collected from 240 individuals, comprising two groups of 120 exposed workers and 120 unexposed controls. Telomere length was measured by using real time PCR. Both telomere (T) and single copy gene (S) specific primers were used to compute the relative T/S ratio and expressed as the relative telomere length. Telomere length differed significantly between the workers and controls (p<0.05). The results showed an indirect and significant association (r=-0.356, p=0.001) between age and telomere length in the workers. This study showed that the difference in telomere length shortening was statistically significant (p<0.05) between the workers and controls. It was concluded that occupational exposure acts as a risk factor to enhance telomere length shortening and accelerate ageing. Veza Između Skraćenja Telomera i Starenja Usled Profesionalne IzložEnosti Dužina telomera smatra se biomarkerom starenja i tokom ovog procesa rezultira skraćenjem. Ovo istraživanje predstavlja pokušaj određivanja relativne dužine telomera kod radnika u mehaničarskim radionicama. Skraćenje dužine telomera u ćelijama tokom profesionalne izloženosti izaziva ubrzano starenje. Genomska DNK izolovana je iz epitelnih ćelija unutrašnje strane obraza sakupljenih od 240 osoba, koji su činili dve grupe: 120 profesionalno izloženih radnika i 120 neizloženih kontrolnih subjekata. Dužina telomera izmerena je tehnikom PCR u realnom vremenu. Specifični prajmeri telomera (T) i gena prisutnih u jednoj kopiji (S) upotrebljeni su za izračunavanje relativne razmere T/S i izraženi kao relativna dužina telomera. Dužina telomera značajno se razlikovala između radnika i kontrolnih subjekata (p<0,05). Rezultati su pokazali da između starosti i dužine telomera kod radnika postoji indirektna i značajna povezanost (r=-0,356, p=0,001). Ova studija je pokazala da je razlika u skraćenju dužine telomera između radnika i kontrolnih subjekata bila statistički značajna (p<0,05). Zaključeno je da profesionalna izloženost predstavlja faktor rizika za znatnije skraćenje dužine telomera i ubrzano starenje.
The Role of Community in Malaria Vector Control

T here are 40% (3 billion) of the world's population at risk of suffering from malaria with the addition of some 300-500 million cases and 1.5 to 1.7 million people died from suffering from malaria. In Indonesia to date, infectious disease, especially diseases that are transmitted by animals, especially insects, are still a public health problem. This study aimed to determine the role of the community in the prevention, control and eradication of malaria. This research was a qualitative study. Subjects of the study were public, community leaders, and health care providers. Data were analyzed by using content analysis and theory validation source. Community participation in malaria vector control through several ways to eradicate mosquito breeding, usage of mosquito nets, use of insect repellent, avoiding a night out and a survey of patients who return from leave. The community plays an active role in malaria vector control efforts by closing puddles, community service every week, and some people are already using nets. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijphs.v2i4. 5540
Volcanic Ash versus Mineral Dust: Atmospheric Processing and Environmental and Climate Impacts

This review paper contrasts volcanic ash and mineral dust regarding their chemical and physical properties, sources, atmospheric load, deposition processes, atmospheric processing, and environmental and climate effects. Although there are substantial differences in the history of mineral dust and volcanic ash particles before they are released into the atmosphere, a number of similarities exist in atmospheric processing at ambient temperatures and environmental and climate impacts. By providing an overview on the differences and similarities between volcanic ash and mineral dust processes and effects, this review paper aims to appeal for future joint research strategies to extend our current knowledge through close cooperation between mineral dust and volcanic ash researchers.
Beyond the wall: Candida albicans secret(e)s to survive.

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans occupies various niches of the human body such as the skin and the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. It can also enter the blood stream and cause deadly, systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, but also in immunocompetent individuals through inserted medical devices. To survive in these diverse host environments, C. albicans has developed specialized virulence attributes and rapidly adapts itself to local growth conditions and defense mechanisms. Candida albicans secretes a considerable number of proteins that are involved in biofilm formation, tissue invasion, immune evasion, and wall maintenance, as well as acquisition of nutrients including metal ions. The secretome of C. albicans is predicted to comprise 225 proteins. On a proteomic level, however, analysis of the secretome of C. albicans is incomplete as many secreted proteins are only produced under certain conditions. Interestingly, glycosylphosphatidylinositol proteins and known cytoplasmic proteins are also consistently detected in the growth medium. Importantly, a core set of seven wall polysaccharide-processing enzymes seems to be consistently present, including the diagnostic marker Mp65. Overall, we discuss the importance of the secretome for virulence and suggest potential targets for better and faster diagnostic methods.
To B1 or not to B1: that really is still the question!

In this issue of Blood , Covens et al revisit the contentious area of human B1 cells and provide evidence that human CD20+CD27+CD43+ cells are preplasmablasts, rather than committed to the B1 lineage. [1][1] It is well-established that 2 populations of B cells—B1 and B2—exist in mice. Decades of
Evaluation of P1 adhesin epitopes for the serodiagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections

Abstract Most glycolipid antigens used for serological tests of Mycoplasma pneumoniae are not M. pneumonia‐specific, and can cross‐react with other microorganism antigens and body tissues, resulting in false positives. It is important to identify M. pneumonia‐specific antigen(s) for serological testing and correct diagnosis. Two epitopes, rP1‐534 and rP1‐513, of P1 adhesin predicted by bioinformatics were successfully expressed and purified, and could be recognized by serum samples from M. pneumoniae‐infected patients and His tag antibodies by Western blot. There was no cross‐reactivity between the anti‐recombinant proteins serum and other respiratory antigens. A total of 400 patients were investigated, their respiratory specimens tested by PCR, and sera tested by a commercial test kit; 56 with positive sera and positive respiratory specimens were designated as standard positive serum and 63 patients were designated as standard negative serum. The purified recombinant proteins were used as a combination of antigens or separately to test the serum. Serological test demonstrated that rP1‐513 of the C terminal of P1 adhesin is a new candidate antigen with greater sensitivity and specificity for IgG and IgM serodiagnosis of M. pneumoniae‐infected patients. The results confirmed that rP1‐513 could be a useful new antigen for the immunodiagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection.