Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What can companies do to support HIV-positive workers? Recommendations for medium- and large-sized African workplaces

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to provide recommendations for medium- and large-sized workplaces on how to support HIV-positive employees. Supporting HIV-positive workers is an issue of social responsibility and an economic necessity for employers. HIV-positive workers can remain productive and healthy for many years if able to access appropriate HIV management support. Design/methodology/approach – Recent (2000-2010) academic and grey literature on HIV workplace management was reviewed and a qualitative study of nine workers receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Zimbabwe was conducted by the authors. Results from both the literature review and qualitative study were used to develop recommendations. Findings – Carefully considered organizational support is of primary importance in the following areas: workplace HIV policy, voluntary testing and counselling, HIV management, HIV treatment uptake and adherence, day-to-day assistance, peer education, nutrition support, opportunistic infection (OI.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities of elite middle‐distance runners after two weeks of training at moderate altitude

The effect of short‐term altitude training on sea‐level physiological characteristics in elite runners was investigated. Seven middle‐distance runners (6 men, 1 woman) belonging to the Swedish national team (mean age 23 years) spent 2 weeks of training at 2000 m above sea level in Kenya. Treadmill tests were performed before and 6 and 12 d after the altitude sojourn. Six other runners (4 men, 2 women) had a corresponding training sojourn at sea level in Portugal (control group). Ro of the runners (1 man, 1 woman) in the Kenya group were omitted from the study because of gastroenteritis. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max; pretravel: Kenya group 212 and control group 188 ml · kg−0.75 ‐ min−1), maximal treadmill time and oxygen cost of running were unchanged in both groups. The maximal oxygen deficit increased in all subjects after the Kenya sojourn (mean 19±6%). Heart rates during running at specified submaximal running velocities were lower post‐altitude (Kenya group), but tended to be higher after sea‐level training (control group). Maximal heart rate was unchanged in both groups. Perceived exertion (Borg) during submaximal running was lower post‐altitude. Submaximal and maximal blood lactate and plasma catecholamine concentrations were not altered in any of the groups. Post‐exhaustive plasma ammonia levels were decreased 12 d after altitude descent in the Kenya group. The results suggest an unchanged aerobic capacity in elite middle‐distance runners after short‐term training at moderate altitude. However, a change in the circulatory regulation during submaximal exercise was observed. Furthermore, anaerobic capacity improved but this bore no clear relation to lactate or ammonia metabolism.
The effects of structural and process features of professional development programs on teachers' knowledge, practice, and efficacy

Abstract This report examines effects of structural and process features of professional development programs on teachers’ knowledge, practice and efficacy. It is based on four recent (2002-2003) studies undertaken through the Australian Government Quality Teacher Programme, designed to enhance teacher quality. The total data set for the survey study includes 3250 teachers who had partic ipated in eighty individual professional development 1 activities within these studies. Teachers were surveyed at least three months after participating in an activity, which provided them with the opportunity to gauge the impact of programs on their practice. To investigate factors affecting impact, a theoretical model was developed based on recent resear ch into the characteristics of effective professional development and tested using blockwise regression analysis. The model included contextual factors (eg school support), structural features of programs (eg length), process features (e.g. emphasis on content; active learning; examination of student work; feedback; follow-up), a mediating variable (level of professional community generated), and four outcome measures (knowledge; practice; student learning and efficacy). Consistent significant direct effects were found across the four studies for the impact of content focus, active learning, and follow-up on knowledge and professional community. Feedback was rarely incorporated into program design. Impact on efficacy was strongly related to the perceived impact of activities on teachers’ practice and student learning outcomes.
Countervailing Influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Nitric Oxide in Endotoxemia

Abstract . Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a crucial mediator in sepsis, elicits multiple biologic effects, including intravascular thrombosis and circulatory shock. TNF-α exerts its biologic effects through two distinct cell surface receptors, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2. The pathophysiologic interaction between TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) in glomerular thrombosis caused by endotoxemia in rats and wild-type mice (C57BL6) as well as in knockout mice that are deficient in TNF-R1 (R1 —/—), TNF-R2 (R2 —/—), or both receptors (R1R2 —/—) was studied. Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli endotoxin) resulted in increased NO and TNF-α production but failed to induce glomerular thrombosis. Concomitant administration of LPS + NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; an NO synthesis inhibitor) resulted in glomerular thrombosis in rats and in wild-type mice. Intraperitoneal administration of pentoxifylline before LPS inhibited TNF-α synthesis and prevented glomerular thrombosis in rats given LPS + L-NAME. In contrast to the results observed in rats and wild-type mice, administration of LPS + L-NAME did not result in glomerular thrombosis in knockout mice with either single or double TNF-α receptor deletion. Thus, during endotoxemia, ( 1 ) TNF-α fosters glomerular thrombosis if there is deficiency of NO synthesis and ( 2 ) both TNF-α receptors are necessary for TNF-α9s prothrombogenic action. Clinically, these novel studies suggest that in gram-negative endotoxemia, inhibition of NO synthesis and selective blockade of TNF-α receptors may provide unique therapeutic approaches for mitigation of glomerular thrombosis and restitution of vascular tone.
Influence of the aryl substituent identity in 4-arylamino- 3-nitrocoumarins on their antimicrobial activity

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Priština, Lole Ribara 29, 38220 Kosovska, Mitrovica, Serbia. 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia. 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia. 4 Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
Use of Domestic Violence Services Across Race and Ethnicity by Women Aged 55 and Older

This study focuses on 2,702 White, African American, and Hispanic female victims of domestic violence aged 55 and older who sought services from domestic violence programs. The experiences of these elders in terms of the type of abuse, the relationship to the abuser, the referral source, and service needs are described. Findings indicate that older women in the domestic violence service system have different experiences than persons in the adult protective service system. They are more frequently victims of intimate partner violence and have corresponding service needs that vary by race and ethnicity. The implications for older victims of domestic violence are discussed.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Emerging Role for Cardioprotection

This continuing feature will update readers on recent developments in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in the United States and more clinical outcome trials have been conducted in cardiology than in any other field of medicine. Given this rapidly expanding knowledge base, pharmacists can have a significant impact on prevention and treatment—if they keep current with developments in drug therapy.
Study on Pityriasis versicolor in Patients Referred to Clinics in Tabriz

Background: Tinea versicolor is a superficial mycosis caused by Malassezia furfur, and is exclusively localized in the corneal layer of adults epidermis. Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological features of tinea versicolor, including its incidence among different age groups, genders and other personal status. Materials and methods: The study was conducted between 2009 and 2011 on 1023 patients who presented skin disease suspected to tinea versicolor. Of all patients; 671 females (66%) and 352 males (34%) were studied for this mycosis and the fungal distribution from the view point of age and anatomical region of mycosis were analyzed. Results: The disease was more prevalent in 21-40 years old age group in both genders. The most infected anatomical regions were posterior surface, the body trunk (shoulder, supra scapula and lumbar region), anterior thorax and abdomen, respectively. The number of female cases was significantly more than males; this probably reflects the concern of females about their skin health. Conclusions: Patients who regularly use the local saunas had poor personal hygiene and greasy skin, and were more suspected to tinea versicolor infection.
Noninvasive Ventilation for Severe Acute Asthmatic Attacks

Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction caused by bronchial smooth muscle contraction, airway inflammation, and increased se cretion. In most patients, control of disease activity is easily achieved with medical therapy. However, in a small minority, asthmatic attacks may be fatal. Some patients with severe asthmatic attacks are refractory to standard treatment, and a few of these patients have a history of severe asthmatic attacks that necessitated mechanical ventilation. In addition to the usual complications of mechanical ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation in asthmatic patients is associated with other risks. These patients are often difficult to ventilate, have low compliance with high inspiratory pressures, and have frequent patient-ventilator asynchrony. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been increasingly used to treat acute respiratory failure in the past two decades. It is now considered as standard first-line therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations and acute pulmonary edema. The increase in knowledge and experience has revived the use of NIV in asthma, which has previously been thought to be contraindicated. The purpose of this article is to review the up-to-date information on the use of NIV during severe acute asthmatic attacks. Nowadays, although sufficient data are not present to recommend the use of NIV in severe asthmatic attacks, there are some interesting and promising results about NIV. In conclusion, new well-designed studies including cases with respiratory acidosis and hypercapnia are necessary to eliminate the controversy. (JAEM 2015; 14: 30-4)
Respiratory infections by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a cohort of Cystic Fibrosis patients: identification, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiology

Pulmonary infections by Gram-negative bacteria such as Achromobacter xylosoxidans are recovered frequently in patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Aims of this study were to value the isolation frequency of A.xylosoxidans strains in a cohort of Cystic Fibrosis patients, to investigate their antimicrobial sensitivity and to establish possible clonal likeness among strains.A retrospective study was undertaken between January 2004 and December 2008 on 300 patients receiving care at the Regional Cystic Fibrosis Centre of “Federico II” University, Naples. Sputum samples were collected and selective media as well as commercial systems for bacterial identification were used. The activity of antimicrobial agents was determined using diffusion and micro-dilution methods. For DNA-fingerprinting, a genomic DNA macrorestriction followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was carried out. A total of 238 strains from 51 patients were isolated. Strains were resistant to aztreonam, about half of these were resistant to gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. They were sensitive to piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and also to carbapenems, quinolones, cephalosporines. Macrorestriction analysis applied on some isolates showed substantial heterogeneity among strains.Actually, the prognostic role of A. xylosoxidans in Cystic Fibrosis is unclear, but this finding must imply difficulties on therapeutic approach. So, it is need to be on the look out regard such microorganisms. Preliminary results of DNA-fingerprinting indicate no evidence of clonal likeness and then of patient-to-patient spread.
Malaysian midwives' views on postnatal depression

Postnatal depression (PND) although, not psychotic in nature has an insidious onset, and is a serious disorder that progresses imperceptibly. It may then affect the quality of life of mothers and threatens the psychological and healthy functions of the mother, infant and of the entire family. The aim of this descriptive study was to explore the views held by midwives at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) about postnatal depression (PND). Fifty-seven midwives from the Maternity Units at HUSM were surveyed and their knowledge and perception of PND analyzed. More than 50% of midwives confused PND with postnatal ‘blues’ or women not adjusting to life after giving birth. More than 17% of midwives said that PND health education and awareness programmes were important for midwives. The results of this study suggest areas of concern, in particularly, those that relate to the lack of knowledge of PND among the midwives in the HUSM and in Malaysia. Midwives are purportedly able to detect abnormal conditi.
A Polymorphism in Gasdermin B (GSDMB) gene is associated with severe asthma exacerbations in childhood: A population-based birth cohort study.

Rationale. Markers on chromosome 17q12 have been associated withchildhood asthma in genome-wide association studies. Objective.We investigated the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in GSDMB (rs7216389) on 17q12 with asthma presence andseverity in a population-based birth cohort study. Methods. Childrenwere followed from birth to age 8 years. Data on parentally-reportedsymptoms were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaireat age 1, 3, 5 and 8 years. Atopy was assessed by skin testing at age3, 5 and 8 years. Information on asthma/wheeze hospital admissionsand severe asthma exacerbations was collected from child’s primarycare medical record. Data were analyzed as a recessive genetic model,with T-allele homozygotes as the risk group. Results. Compared to Callele carriers, T-allele homozygotes of rs7216389 were signifi cantlymore likely to: wheeze at age 3, 5 and 8 years; have persistent wheeze(OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.05-2.71, p=0.03); have frequent episodes of wheezingand be on asthma medication. In a multiple logistic regressionmodel adjusted for gender, atopic sensitisation and maternal smoking,T allele homozygotes were signifi cantly more likely to be hospitalized(aOR 2.20 [1.22-3.99], p=0.0009) with Cox regression hazard ratiofor T-allele homozygotes of 1.94 [1.13-3.33], p=0.016. Results of Coxregression analysis investigating the eff ect of genotype on the age offi rst severe exacerbation of asthma indicated an overall hazard ratioof severe asthma exacerbation among T-allele homozygotes of 1.53[1.04-2.27], p=0.03. Conclusions. Th is is the fi rst population-basedbirth cohort study to confi rm that the risk of childhood wheeze andsevere asthma/wheeze exacerbations is increased among rs7216389TT homozygotes.
Evaluation of Awareness for Emergency Unit Workers in Collecting, Keeping and Transferring of Bıological Evidences from Forensic Cases [Adli Olgularda Biyolojik Delil Alınması, Saklanması Ve Gönderilmesinde Acil Servis Çalışanlarının Farkındalıklarının Değerlendirilmesi] -

Abstract Owing to the fact that the healthcare personnel and the individuals responsible for those teams take part at the first step of chain of custody, their tasks and activity is of prime importance. Besides a complete examination and treatment for forensic cases, they are also in charge of collection and transfer of the biological samples having an evidential value in line with the attorney generalship or court notices and demands. In this study, it’s aimed to investigate the knowledge levels of emergency medical personnel about the collection, storage, protection and transfer of biological materials having an evidential reasoning that are obtained from forensic cases. The study data includes the responses of 102 voluntary persons to a 10-question survey. The research results reveal that even though the emergency medical personnel considers that they fulfill their share for forensic incidents, it’s found out that they have inadequate information and awareness for collection, storage and transfer of the biological samples from forensic cases Key Words: Emergency medicine, biological evidence, chain of custody
The effect of early post cesarean feeding on wound healing

Introduction: wound complication is a main problem after cesarean section. Insufficient nutrition delay wound healing because decrease saved energy of body and provide conditions of infection. If nutrition be enough and suitable, body receive most of material and wound healing happen soon. There are a few papers about this problem and they have reported different results. So the aim of this paper was to detect: The effect of early post cesarean feeding on wound healing Methods: This study was a controlled trial. The research population was women delivered by cesarean section in OmolBanin hospital. The samples consist of 82 women randomly assigned in two groups of study and control. The study group started oral fluids 4 hours after surgery, followed by regular diet after return of bowel sounds. The control group started oral fluids 12 hours after surgery then oral solid food was allowed after defecation. The groups were compared about flatulence and pain 4, 12,24,36,48 hours after surgery. Also the groups were compared about wound healing after 10 days by Reeda scale. Data was analyzed using chi-square, Fisher exact test, Kruskal walis test, t test and Mann Whitney. Results: The mean of Reeda score was 0.39 in the early feed group and 0.63 in the control group. There wasn’t a statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.257). Conclusions: Although the early feeding wasn’t effective on post cesarean wound healing, it did not increase infections and other wound complication.
Strategies for Clinical Management of MRSA in the Community: Summary of an Experts' Meeting Convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a cause of skin infections and, less commonly, invasive infections among otherwise healthy adults and children in the community. More data are needed in order to fully understand the epidemiology, microbiology, and pathophysiology of these infections and to identify optimal prevention and treatment strategies. This report summarizes strategies for the clinical management of MRSA in the community based on discussions held at an MRSA experts’ meeting convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in July 2004, in conjunction with additional data available as of January 2006.
Inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa: A lenient approach

This paper describes a lenient treatment for anorexia nervosa patients. The method incorporates nutritional rehabilitation, psychoeducational groups, parental psychoeducational groups, physiotherapy and individual psychotherapy (psychodynamically oriented). The model entails a multi-level matching system where patients' needs are coordinated with the appropriate treatment setting. The three-level system integrates: a hospital eating disorder unit; day care treatment as transition phase from inpatient to outpatient, and outpatient treatment. Patients shift between levels according to their progress. The therapeutic elements of the programme are presented in detail with results obtained from 44 patients.
Third year students' perceptions and experiences are framed by their first year experience at university.

The experiences of a cohort of students was explored in their first year and their third year of study at university. The first year experience reported by these students was consistent with earlier national data. At a cohort level, student use and views of the usefulness of learning technologies changed significantly, but there was no overall change for the cohort in terms of their academic orientation, academic application, perceptions of their university experiences, level of satisfaction or perceived worth of their studies from first year to third year. In 2004, student behaviours regarding technology changed considerably, only 35% of individuals maintained similar behaviours reported in 2002. In contrast, for the majority (between 50-70%) of individuals, early perceptions of teaching and their learning environment remained fixed. Aspects of the first year experience on campus, particularly: rising to the intellectual challenge of study, making friends, participating in class discussions, access to information and teachers, respect from peers, a sense of comfortableness on campus and finally some derived value from the university experience, tend to frame their later university experience.
Multi‐dimensional analysis of consumer‐perceived risk in chicken meat

Consumer risk perception plays an important role during periods of food safety concern because it shapes the behaviour of consumers. Multi‐dimensional analysis helps to provide a thorough understanding of consumer‐perceived risk. A survey of 172 respondents was carried out to investigate the importance of individual loss components and the differences between sociodemographic characteristics regarding microbiological risk in chicken meat. The results suggest that health loss is the most important component followed by psychological, financial, time and taste losses. All these loss components were found to be significantly different between degree and non‐degree holders, while long‐term health and social losses were different within gender and age groups respectively. The findings in the study of microbiological risk in chicken meat are likely to be applicable to other food safety related risks.
TranZnation - a report on the health and wellbeing of transgendered people in Australia and New Zealand

Studies investigating health and wellbeing of transgender people have typically been conducted in medical environments such as gender clinics and through sexual health centres. One of the primary concerns of transgender people is recognition of their gender status which is often difficult to achieve in ordinary medical practices. This research has its beginnings in an act of transgender activism, arising out of dissatisfaction with the capacity of the 2005 Private Lives project to capture the complexity of transgender lives. A central pivot in the concerns of the transgender communities about health services is that of recognition. Practices of medicine are implicated in many of the attempts by transgender people to achieve positive health and self- and social recognition for their preferred gender. Additionally, recognition on formal documentary records is, in many cases, dependent upon certified medical intervention.