Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of SWMF magnetic field and plasma

The Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF), using the coupled BATSRUS model, the Rice Convection Model, and an ionosphere electrodynamics solver, is used to simulate 10 space weather events. The simulations are completed in near real time using a limited amount of computational resources. Satellite‐specific magnetic field, plasma energy‐density spectra, and integrated particle density and temperature are compared against in situ measurements to validate the coupled system. Results are examined both qualitatively and quantitatively to assess model performance. The results show that the system is adept at reproducing large‐scale magnetic field variations and predicts plasma temperature and density at values near to the measured mean. Smaller‐scale features, such as dipolarizations of the magnetic field at geosynchronous locations, are not reproduced well. Lack of cold particle sources in the inner magnetosphere causes the particle results to suffer. This work is part of a larger effort to thoroughly validate the SWMF.
Making memories: a cultural probe study into the remembering of everyday life

For a long time people have collected mementos; items kept as reminder of a person, place or event. Practices of memento creation are constantly changing; for instance through the accessibility of digital photography. Still, we most often create mementos of special occasions such as weddings or holidays. However, besides these milestones, we cherish certain experiences from our everyday life. This paper describes a cultural probe study exploring which memories of everyday life become valuable. Our findings confirm that seemingly mundane experiences can become valuable. More specifically, a memory was seen as valuable if it: was regularly repeated, had social value, continued in the present, influenced life, was exemplary of character or showed a contrast. The moment memories become valuable is difficult to recognize and often few media were created of everyday life experiences. We discuss the implications of these findings for designing systems for creating mementos of everyday life.
Evaluation of Growth Monitoring and Promotion (GMP) Surveillance System Thailand 2002

This study aims to describe the current practice on growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) system in Thailand, identify its constraints and recommend appropriate solutions. In the four provinces studied, 80 health centres were systematically selected. A total of 80 health officers, 183 health volunteers and 1,200 caretakers were interviewed and tested for GMP knowledge and practices. One-fourth of the health officers and half of the volunteers did not understand the objectives of the GMP. More than half of the health officers and volunteers did not have the skill to weigh properly. About half of the volunteers could not plot and explain the growth chart correctly. Only 40% of the caretakers understand the growth chart. Documentation of weight on child health card is lacking. We recommend adequate trainings and supervisions for health officers and volunteers, revised GMP guidelines to enhance integration with other programmes, and a study to identify the effectiveness of the GMP.
Influenza A virus facilitates Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission and disease

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) kills ~1.6 million people annually. Pneumococcal infections predominantly manifest as pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, and otitis media. S. pneumoniae is also a member of the normal nasopharyngeal flora, colonizing up to 80% of children. Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) has been associated with both pneumococcal disease and transmission. However, to date no animal model has been available to investigate the role of IAV in the spread of S. pneumoniae. Here we investigate pneumococcal‐influenza synergism with a particular focus on the role of IAV on pneumococcal transmission. Infant mice were colonized with S. pneumoniae and subsequently infected with IAV 3 d later. Using this novel model we show increased pneumococcal colonization and disease in the presence of IAV. Notably, in vivo imaging showed that IAV was essential for the transmission of S. pneumoniae from colonized (“index”) mice to their naive cohoused littermates (“contacts”). Transmission occurred only when all mice were infected with IAV and was prevented when an IAV‐neutralizing antibody was used to inhibit IAV replication in either index mice or contact mice. Together, these data provide novel insights into pneumococcal‐influenza synergism and may indicate a previously unappreciated role of IAV in the spread of S. pneumoniae. —Diavatopoulos, D. A, Short, K. R. , Price, J. T. , Wilksch, J. J., Brown, L. E. , Briles, D. E. , Strugnell, R. A, Wijburg, O. L. Influenza A virus facilitates Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission and disease. FASEB J. 24, 1789–1798 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Cancer incidence and mortality in Indigenous Australian children, 1997–2008

We report cancer incidence and mortality among Indigenous children in Australia and compare the results with corresponding data for non‐Indigenous children. This information is important in understanding the overall burden of cancer in this population, and where disparities exist, to plan what action is required. Age‐standardized rates, and indirectly standardized incidence and mortality ratios (SIRs and SMRs) were calculated for the years 1997–2008. There were 224 cancers identified among Indigenous children (99.5 per million per year) and 52 Indigenous children died from cancer during the study period (22.9 per million per year). The SIR for all cancers was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.56–0.73; P < 0.001) while the SMR was 0.81 (95% CI = 0.61–1.07). These results provide a baseline with which to monitor cancer among Indigenous children over time. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 156–158. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REGULATION

1. Females are protected against the development of hypertension. The purpose of the current review is to present the evidence for gender differences in the regulation of the sympatho‐adrenal nervous system and to determine if these differences support the hypothesis that, in females, the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is altered such that sympatho‐adrenal activation is attenuated or sympatho‐adrenal inhibition is augmented.
Peripheral vascular disease: combined 3D bolus chase and dynamic 2D MR angiography compared with x-ray angiography for treatment planning.

PURPOSE To compare combined three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography with x-ray angiography for planning treatment of peripheral vascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three radiologists retrospectively reviewed the pretreatment x-ray angiographic and MR angiographic studies obtained in 30 consecutive patients: 15 patients (15 limbs) evaluated for limb salvage and 15 patients (20 limbs) evaluated because of claudication. MR angiography included acquisition of 2D contrast-enhanced MR digital subtraction angiograms of the area from the adductor canal to the feet and 3D spoiled gradient-recalled-echo bolus chase MR angiograms obtained in three stations from the aorta to the middle portion of the calf. Each reader reviewed the x-ray and MR angiograms to determine the inflow and outflow segments for a hypothetical bypass graft placement. RESULTS The three readers selected identical segments for inflow at MR angiography and x-ray angiography in 32, 32, and 35 of the 35 limbs evaluated (mean percentages of agreement [95% CI ]: 91% [77%, 98%], 91% [77%, 98%], and 95% [90%, 100%], respectively). The readers selected identical segments for outflow in 32, 32, and 34 of the 35 limbs evaluated (mean percentages of agreement [95% CI]: 91% [77%, 98%], 91% [77%, 98%], and 97% [85%, 100%], respectively). CONCLUSION Preliminary data support the combining of 2D MR digital subtraction angiography with 3D bolus chase MR angiography to extend the utility of 3D MR angiography in treatment planning to include patients being evaluated for limb salvage, as well as those being evaluated for claudication.
Model-based analysis of DNA replication profiles: predicting replication fork velocity and initiation rate by profiling free-cycling cells

Eukaryotic cells initiate DNA synthesis by sequential firing of hundreds of origins. This ordered replication is described by replication profiles, which measure the DNA content within a cell population. Here, we show that replication dynamics can be deduced from replication profiles of free-cycling cells. While such profiles lack explicit temporal information, they are sensitive to fork velocity and initiation capacity through the passive replication pattern, namely the replication of origins by forks emanating elsewhere. We apply our model-based approach to a compendium of profiles that include most viable budding yeast mutants implicated in replication. Predicted changes in fork velocity or initiation capacity are verified by profiling synchronously replicating cells. Notably, most mutants implicated in late (or early) origin effects are explained by global modulation of fork velocity or initiation capacity. Our approach provides a rigorous framework for analyzing DNA replication profiles of free-cycling cells.
Prediction and classification of domain structural classes

Can the coupling effect among different amino acid components be used to improve the prediction of protein structural classes? The answer is yes according to the study by Chou and Zhang (Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 30:275–349, 1995), but a completely opposite conclusion was drawn by Eisenhaber et al. when using a different dataset constructed by themselves (Proteins 25:169–179, 1996). To resolve such a perplexing problem, predictions were performed by various approaches for the datasets from an objective database, the SCOP database (Murzin, Brenner, Hubbard, and Chothia. J. Mol. Biol. 247:536–540, 1995). According to SCOP, the classification of structural classes for protein domains is based on the evolutionary relationship and on the principles that govern the 3D structure of proteins, and hence is more natural and reliable. The results from both resubstitution tests and jackknife tests indicate that the overall rates of correct prediction by the algorithm incorporated with the coupling effect among different amino acid components are significantly higher than those by the algorithms without using such an effect. It is elucidated through an analysis that the main reasons for Eisenhaber et al. to have reached an opposite conclusion are the result of (1) misusing the component‐coupled algorithm, and (2) using a conceptually incorrect rule to classify protein structural classes. The formulation and analysis presented in this article are conducive to clarify these problems, helping correctly to apply the prediction algorithm and interpret the results. Proteins 31:97–103, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of the Great Recession on untreated dental caries among kindergarten students in North Carolina.

BACKGROUND The authors conducted a study to determine the impact of the Great Recession on untreated dental caries in kindergarten-aged children in North Carolina (NC). METHODS During the seven school years from 2003-2004 through 2009-2010, the state dental public health program assessed 608,339 kindergarten students for untreated decayed primary teeth (dt) as part of the statewide public health surveillance system. The authors aggregated observations to the school level and matched 7,660 school-year observations for 1,215 schools to National School Lunch Program (NSLP) participation rates, their primary economic indicator of the Great Recession. The authors included additional county-level economic indicators and measures of dentist supply and Medicaid enrollment. They used ordinary least squares regression with school-and year-fixed effects to examine the association of variables with the proportion of children with more than one dt for all schools and for schools with a greater than 10 percent increase in NSLP participation after 2006. RESULTS The authors found a small but statistically significant association between the proportion of children in the schools participating in the NSLP and the proportion of kindergarten students who had more than one dt (β, 0.031; 95 percent confidence interval [CI], 0.001 to 0.0604). This association was greater in schools that had a greater than 10 percent increase in NSLP participation (β, 0.068; 95 percent CI, -0.007 to 0.143). Regression estimates indicate a 1.3- and 3.1-percentage point cumulative increase in the proportion of children with more than one dt during the period from 2008 through 2009 for all schools and high-risk schools, respectively. CONCLUSION Increased NSLP enrollment was associated with less treatment for dental caries in 5-year-old children. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Fewer children are receiving needed dental treatment because of the Great Recession. Recent gains made in the treatment of dental caries in children in NC have slowed as a result.
A single localized dose of enzyme-responsive hydrogel improves long-term survival of a vascularized composite allograft

Tacrolimus-encapsulated hydrogels improve long-term survival of a vascularized composite allograft. A Leg Up for Transplant A one-shot delivery can enhance transplant survival in rats. Gajanayake et al. report that tacrolimus-encapsulated hydrogels improve long-term survival of a vascularized composite allograft (VCA). VCA is a promising alternative to reconstructive surgery or prosthesis use. However, transplant recipients must undergo systemic long-term immunosuppression, which increases their susceptibility to infection, kidney disease, and certain cancers. The authors encapsulated the immunosuppressive tacrolimus in a hydrogel composed of a material FDA classified as generally recognized as safe that was degraded by inflammatory enzymes. The tacrolimus-laden hydrogel increased graft survival time with one injection in a rat hindlimb transplant model. If reproduced in people, this delivery method could increase patient compliance and potentially decrease toxicity in transplant recipients. Currently, systemic immunosuppression is used in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). This treatment has considerable side effects and reduces the quality of life of VCA recipients. We loaded the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus into a self-assembled hydrogel, which releases the drug in response to proteolytic enzymes that are overexpressed during inflammation. A one-time local injection of the tacrolimus-laden hydrogel significantly prolonged graft survival in a Brown Norway–to–Lewis rat hindlimb transplantation model, leading to a median graft survival of >100 days compared to 33.5 days in tacrolimus only–treated recipients. Control groups with no treatment or hydrogel only showed a graft survival of 11 days. Histopathological evaluation, including anti-graft antibodies and complement C3, revealed significantly reduced immune responses in the tacrolimus-hydrogel group compared with tacrolimus only. In conclusion, a single-dose local injection of an enzyme-responsive tacrolimus-hydrogel is capable of preventing VCA rejection for >100 days in a rat model and may offer a new approach for immunosuppression in VCA.
Timing Information, Information Asymmetry, and Trading Volume

Investigating various corporate announcements and abnormal return days, I observe that around 2% of daily trading volume decreases only before scheduled earnings announcements. This empirical pattern is robust across different specifications and periods. Also, proxies of ex ante information asymmetry are consistently related to the trading volume only before scheduled earnings announcements. The timing information existing only in a scheduled announcement seems to have an important role in trading volume dynamics near an announcement. However, the market makers, observing order flows, behave appropriately even without timing information and increase the price sensitivities before all kinds of announcements. These results shed light on the role of a newly observed variable, timing information of an announcement, in investors' trading decision under information asymmetry in the stock market.
Blood Glucose Meters Employing Dynamic Electrochemistry are Stable against Hematocrit Interference in a Laboratory Setting

Background: Hematocrit (HCT) is known to be a confounding factor that interferes with many blood glucose (BG) measurement technologies, resulting in wrong readings. Dynamic electrochemistry has been identified as one possible way to correct for these potential deviations. The purpose of this laboratory investigation was to assess the HCT stability of four BG meters known to employ dynamic electrochemistry (BGStar and iBGStar, Sanofi; Wavesense Jazz, AgaMatrix; Wellion Linus, MedTrust) in comparison with three other devices (GlucoDock, Medisana; OneTouch Verio Pro, LifeScan; FreeStyle Freedom InsuLinx, Abbott-Medisense). Methods: Venous heparinized blood was immediately aliquoted after draw and manipulated to contain three different BG concentrations (60–90, 130–160, and 280–320 mg/dl) and five different HCT levels (25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, and 60%). After careful oxygenation to normal blood oxygen pressure, each of the resulting 15 different samples was measured six times with three devices and three strip lots of each meter. The YSI Stat 2300 served as laboratory reference method. Stability to HCT influence was assumed when less than 10% difference occurred between the highest and lowest mean glucose deviations in relation to HCT concentrations [hematocrit interference factor (HIF)]. Results: Five of the investigated self-test meters showed a stable performance with the different HCT levels tested in this investigation: BGStar (HIF 4.6%), iBGStar (6.6%), Wavesense Jazz (4.1%), Wellion Linus (8.5%), and OneTouch Verio Pro (6.2%). The two other meters were influenced by HCT (FreeStyle InsuLinx 17.8%; GlucoDock 46.5%). Conclusions: In this study, meters employing dynamic electrochemistry, as used in the BGStar and iBGStar devices, were shown to correct for potential HCT influence on the meter results. Dynamic electrochemistry appears to be an effective way to handle this interfering condition.
Inmate Family Functioning

Two-hundred-nine noninmates and 169 inmates completed questionnaires that assessed retrospective perceptions of 12 dimensions of family life and one overall assessment of quality of family life. Between the inmates and noninmates, means for all dependent variables differed significantly except for self-reliance; however, meaningful eta-squares were found only for dimensions of bridging, disengagement, and quality of life. Among the independent-samples t tests for gender, eta-squares were not meaningful. Implications for family life interventions in correctional facilities are suggested.
Measles virus‐induced promotion of dendritic cell maturation by soluble mediators does not overcome the immunosuppressive activity of viral glycoproteins on the cell surface

Measles virus (MV) infection promotes maturation of dendritic cells (DC), but also interferes with DC functions, and MV renders the DC inhibitory for T cell proliferation. We now describe that MV infection triggers the release of type I IFN from monocyte‐derived DC (Mo‐DC) which contributes to DC maturation. There is no evidence that soluble mediators are released interfering with the stimulatory activity of uninfected DC. Since inhibition of allogeneic T cell proliferation was unaffected by a fusion inhibitory peptide (Z‐fFG), MV infection of T cells did not contribute to inhibition. Allogeneic T cell proliferation depended on the percentage of DC expressing MV F/H glycoproteins within the DC population and their surface expression levels, was induced upon addition of UV‐inactivated MV to a mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulated by lipopolysaccharide‐matured DC, and was not induced by DC infected with a recombinant MV encoding the ectodomain of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (MG/FV) instead of the MV glycoproteins. Similarly, DC infected with MV, but not with MG/FV inhibited mitogen‐induced proliferation of T cells. Thus, a dominant inhibitory signal is delivered to T cells by the MV glycoproteins on the surface of DC overcoming positive signals by co‐stimulatory molecules promoted by maturation factors released from infected DC.
Comparison of CPS ID 3 and CHROMagar Orientation chromogenic agars with standard biplate technique for culture of clinical urine samples.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chromogenic agars have been developed to recognize frequently occurring microorganisms directly on primary cultures, thus reducing the daily workload in a clinical microbiology laboratory. We compare two chromogenic agars, CHROMagar Orientation (CO) and CPS ID 3 (CPS3), with routine media (biplate technique using trypticase soy blood agar and eosin methylene blue agar) for the isolation, enumeration and identification of organisms in urinary tract infection (UTI). METHODS The clinical significance of the urine samples was categorized as probable UTI, possible UTI, no UTI (negative), or contaminated according to the culture result. Discrepancy analysis with the categories of minor error, major error and very major error was used to compare the culture media. RESULTS Of 1386 urine specimens, the consistencies in clinical significance of CO and CPS3 to routine media were 90.7% and 89.8%, respectively. For the enumeration of microorganisms, 524, 514, and 521 clinically significant isolates were isolated on routine media, CO, and CPS3, respectively. Of the 524 significant isolates on routine media, results for 473 and 474 isolates agreed on CO and CPS3, respectively. Approximately 91.9% of Escherichia coli and 100.0% of Enterococcus spp. could be identified directly on CO media, while 97.5% of E. coli and 94.4% of Enterococcus spp. could be identified on CPS3 media. CONCLUSION The use of CO and CPS3 as single media is promising for clinical urine culture.
Alcohol consumption, sleep, and academic performance among college students.

OBJECTIVE Three independent lines of inquiry have found associations between alcohol use and academic performance, sleep and academic performance, and alcohol use and sleep. The present study bridges this research by examining the links among alcohol use, sleep, and academic performance in college students. METHOD Personal interview surveys were conducted with a random sample of 236 students (124 women) at a liberal arts college. The interviews measured alcohol consumption, gender, academic class, weekday and weekend bedtimes and rise times, and daytime sleepiness; 95% of the sample granted permission to obtain grade-point average (GPA) and Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores from official college records. RESULTS Ordinary least squares regressions showed that alcohol consumption was a significant predictor of four sleep patterns: the duration of sleep, the timing of sleep, the difference between weekday and weekend nighttime sleep hours (oversleep), and the difference between weekday and weekend bedtimes (bedtime delay). Women and students with late sleep schedules were more apt to report daytime sleepiness. SAT score was the strongest predictor of GPA. However, gender, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness also were significant predictors when other variables were controlled. In addition to alcohol's direct relationship with GPA, mediational analysis indicated that alcohol had indirect effects on sleepiness and GPA, primarily through its effect on sleep schedule. CONCLUSIONS The findings show how alcohol use among college students is related to sleep-wake patterns and further support the connection between alcohol use and grades.