Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loss of triglycerides and carotenoids in human milk after processing

Objective: Human milk (HM) is considered to be the best nutrition for preterm infants. However, storage, heating or tube feeding can cause a decline in essential nutrients, which can lead to the loss of antioxidant vitamins, resulting in an increased risk for oxygen radical diseases. Recently we found that carotenoids, present in human milk, can play a role in the antioxidant protection of preterm infants. In this study we evaluated the effect of processing HM and infant formula on the triglycerides and carotenoid concentrations. Design: The triglyceride, α- and β-carotene, lutein and lycopene concentrations of 30 samples of mature HM of mothers who delivered a term infant and 10 samples of infant formula were measured after refrigeration, freezing, microwave heating and tube feeding with and without exposure to normal light and phototherapy, imitating the clinical feeding routine in the NICU. Results: After tube feeding triglyceride, lutein and β-carotene concentrations decreased with 33%, 35% and 26% respectively. The decrease in triglycerides in HM accounts for 16% of the total caloric intake of neonates. Triglyceride and carotenoid concentrations in HM remained stable after refrigeration, freezing or low temperature microwave heating, except for lutein which decreased after refrigeration and freezing. In infant formula no differences were found. Conclusions: Mature human milk can be stored safely in a freezer and heated in a microwave oven without loss of fat or carotenoids. The clinically important loss of fat during tube feeding is probably the most important contributing factor to the decrease in lutein and β-carotene in tube feeding, with only a small role for peroxidation during light-exposure.
Structural covariance networks of striatum subdivision in patients with Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the striatum. Previous studies indicated that subdivisions of the striatum with distinct functional connectivity profiles contribute to different pathogeneses in PD. Segregated structural covariance (SC) pattern between the striatum and neocortex observed in healthy subjects, however, remain unknown in PD. The purpose of this study is to map and compare the subregional striatal SC network organization between 30 healthy controls and 48 PD patients and to investigate their association with the disease severity. The striatal SC network was statistically inferred by correlating the mean gray matter (GM) volume of six striatal subdivisions (including the bilateral dorsal caudate, superior ventral striatum, inferior ventral striatum, dorsal caudal putamen, dorsal rostral putamen, and ventral rostral putamen) with the entire neocortical GM volume in voxel‐wise manner. The PD patients revealed marked atrophy in the striatum, cerebellum, and extra‐striatum neocortices. As predicted, segregated striatal SC network patterns were observed in both groups. This suggests that in PD, pathological processes occurring in the striatum affect the same striato‐cortical networks that covary with the striatum in healthy brains. The PD patients further demonstrated atypical striatal SC patterns between the caudate, parahippocampus temporal cortices, and cerebellum, which corresponded to dopaminergic associated network. The areas with significant group differences in SC were further associated with disease severity. Our findings support previous studies indicating that PD is associated with altered striato‐cortical networks, and suggest that structural changes in the striatum may result in a cascade of alterations in multiple neocortices. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1567–1584, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of Fetuin-A Protein and Some Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Background and Objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a state of insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to a part of myocardium. The most common cause of myocardial ischemia is atherosclerosis. Inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis and hence CAD. The principle inflammatory markers that believed to have a key position in the pathogenesis of CAD include fetuin-A protein, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-one (sICAM-1). The aim of study was carried out to evaluate fetuin-A protein and some inflammatory biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease. Subjects and Methods: Ninety subjects above forty year old; (45) patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); were divided in three groups: Unstable angina (UA), non-ST- elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), all selected from Coronary Care Unit (CCU), and (45) apparently healthy age and sex matched subjects as controls. Five milliliters (5ml) of venous blood sample were drawn from each patient and healthy persons (controls), centrifuged to obtain serum, to be used for measuring the following variables: Fetuin-A protein, hs-CRP, TNF-α, sICAM-1. Results: Fetuin-A protein was significantly lower, while hs-CRP, TNF- α, and sICAM-1 were higher in patients. A low Fetuin-A protein level was inversely associated with increasing age. A high TNF- α level was associated with increased BMI. Conclusions: Lower serum Fetuin-A level, and higher serum levels of hs-CRP, TNF- α, and sICAM-1 are associated with ACS. The future may be promising in rising of anew tests that use for evaluation of patients with suspected ACS.
Alcohol Use and Antiretroviral Adherence: Review and Meta-Analysis

Background:Alcohol use is frequently implicated as a factor in nonadherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). There have not been efforts to systematically evaluate findings across studies. This meta-analysis provides a quantitative evaluation of the alcohol-adherence association by aggregating findings across studies and examining potential moderators. Methods:Literature searches identified 40 qualifying studies totaling over 25,000 participants. Studies were coded on several methodological variables. Results:In the combined analysis, alcohol drinkers were approximately 50%-60% as likely to be classified as adherent [odds ratio (OR) = 0.548, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.490 to 0.612] compared with abstainers (or those who drank relatively less). Effect sizes for problem drinking, defined as meeting the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism criteria for at-risk drinking or criteria for an alcohol use disorder, were greater (OR = 0.474, 95% CI = 0.408 to 0.550) than those reflecting any or global drinking (OR = 0.604, 95% CI = 0.531 to 0.687). Several variables moderated the alcohol-adherence association. Conclusions:Results support a significant and reliable association of alcohol use and medication nonadherence. Methodological variables seem to moderate this association and could contribute to inconsistent findings across studies. Future research would benefit from efforts to characterize theoretical mechanisms and mediators and moderators of the alcohol-adherence association.
Plasma chemical etching of silicon in chlorine to containing plasma, used in nanoelectronics

It is experimentally confirmed that transition a topokinetic stage plasma of chemical etching of silicon in diffusion occurs around a maximum of dependence of speed of etching from the oxygen maintenance in plasma CF2Cl2/O2. The load effect is studied. Results of article well correlate with the data received in the reactor of high density plasma TCP 2300 Versys Kiyo LAM Research corporations.
Characterisation of a strain of Potato virus Y causing eggplant mosaic in southern Iran

Mosaic disease of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) iscommonin many fields of southern Iran.Avirus isolated from diseased plants in the Boushehr Province was characterised by biological, serological, physiochemical and molecular studies. The virus was mechanically transmissible to Nicotiana tabacum cv. Turkish and several other solanaceous species and to Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa. Purified preparations of the virus contained flexuous rod-shaped particles. Two aphid species, Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii, transmitted the virus between Turkish tobacco plants. An antiserum raised against purified virus preparation was used in the detection of the virus. Molecular weights of the virus genome and the coat protein (CP) were estimated at 3.1–3.2×106 and 36×103 Da, respectively. The 3′ region of the virus genome, including the CP and the untranslated region (UTR), was amplified using two pairs of general primers of the family Potyviridae. Sequence information identified the virus as a strain of Potato virus Y (PVY), designated eggplant strain of PVY (PVY-Eg), with the highest sequence homology to a tomato strain of PVY (PVY-LY84.2) from Spain, and a somewhat lower homology to an Indian isolate of Eggplant mottle virus belonging to the PVYO subgroup. Cluster dendrograms based on CP amino acid and 3′UTR sequences placed PVY-Eg within the PVYNP subgroup. This is the first report on the characterisation of a PVYNP strain infecting eggplant in Iran.
Boreal spring Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode, Indian Ocean sea surface temperature, and East Asian summer monsoon

[1] The relationships among the boreal spring Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM), the Indian Ocean (IO) sea surface temperature (SST), and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are examined statistically in this paper. The variability of boreal spring SAM is closely related to the IO SST. When the SAM is in its strong positive phase in boreal spring, with low-pressure anomalies over the south pole and high-pressure anomalies over middle latitudes, SSTover the subtropics and middle latitudes of the South Indian Ocean (SIO) increases, which persists into the summer. Following the positive SST anomalies over the subtropics and midlatitudes of the SIO, SST in the equatorial Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal increases in summer. Moreover, the variability of SST in the equatorial Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal is closely related to EASM. When SST in the equatorial Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal increases, EASM tends to be weak. Therefore the IO SST may play an important role bridging boreal spring SAM and EASM. The atmospheric circulations and surface heat exchanges contribute to the SST anomalies in the SIO. When the spring SAM is in its strong positive phases, the regional Ferrel Cell weakens, and the anomalous upward motions at 20S–30S cause an increase of low cloud cover and downward longwave radiation flux. The surface atmospheric circulations also transport more (less) warmer (cooler) air from middle latitudes north of 50S (high latitudes south of 60S) into 50S–60S and warm the air, which reduces the temperature difference between the ocean and atmosphere and consequently reduces sensible heat flux from the ocean to atmosphere. The increased downward longwave radiation and decreased sensible heat are responsible for the SST increase in the SIO. The atmospheric circulation and surface heat flux anomalies are of opposite signs following the strong negative phases of SAM.
Validation of Hindi version of Stages of Recovery Instrument

Objectives: To translate the Stages of Recovery Instrument (STORI) and evaluate its psychometric properties, demographic, and clinical correlates among patients with schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: The English version of the scale was translated into Hindi using the World Health Organization methodology. The Hindi version was completed by thirty patients with schizophrenia on two occasions, 4–7 days apart. Another thirty patients completed both Hindi and English version within a gap of 4–7 days. In addition, 100 patients completed the Hindi version of STORI once for studying the demographic and clinical correlates of recovery. Results: Hindi version of STORI demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.854) for the full scale and also for all the five stages of recovery (α = 0.745 to 0.756) as described in the scale. Split-half reliability of the scale was also good, as reflected by a high Spearman-Brown coefficient (0.781) and Guttmann's split-half coefficient (0.778). All the items of the scale showed high test-retest reliability and cross-language equivalence. Correlation between different stages and correlation between the allocated stage and different stages reflected good concurrent and construct validity of the subscales described as various stages of recovery. In general, demographic and clinical variables did not have any significant correlation with stages of recovery. However, those with lower level of general psychopathology scores showed significant correlation with higher stages of recovery. Conclusions: Hindi version of STORI has good psychometric properties.
Factors determining cardiac nurses' intentions to continue using a smoking cessation protocol.

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to facilitate the continued use of a smoking cessation protocol among cardiac nurses by assessing their intentions and motives for continuation. A model that combines attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy constructs as predictors of intentions (ASE model) served as the theoretical framework. SETTING The study took place in the cardiology wards of 5 hospitals. RESPONDENTS Respondents were 85 nurses who worked in the cardiology wards of the hospitals. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures were nurses' intentions and motives for continuing to use a smoking cessation protocol for patients who smoke. RESULTS Greater perceived simplicity and advantages of the protocol were associated with increased intentions to continue, whereas perceived social influences and self-efficacy were not. The influence of the level of experience in using the protocol and the nurses' own smoking behavior was mediated by attitude about the smoking cessation protocol. CONCLUSIONS Nurses who do not intend to continue using the protocol need to be convinced of the advantages of working with such a protocol and of its user-friendliness.
Refugees into Immigrants: Assessing the Adjustment of Southeast Asian Refugees in the U. S., 1975-1990

Embodying a differential set of skills, refugees experience varying obstacles and reception upon entry into their host country. Starting in 1975, the U.S. received large numbers of refugees from Southeast Asia. Although these arrivals are no longer labeled as ‘refugees’, their initial immigration status raises interesting questions, including whether or not they match the attainment of those who arrived in the U.S. at the same time. Using the 1980 and 1990 Public Use Microdata Files (PUMS), this paper traces the adaptation of post-1975 Southeast Asians within the U.S. through the lens of segmented assimilation. Refugee flows are disaggregated into Sino-Vietnamese, Ethnic-Vietnamese, Hmong, Cambodians, and Laotian identities and contrasted to Chinese immigrants.
The Trade Effects of Tariff Preferences

In recent years the international community has heard a great deal of discussion of proposals for tariff preferences, to be extended by all developed countries to all less-developed countries (LDC's). It is obviously very important for policy purposes in both sets of countries to have some idea what the trade effects of such a preference scheme would be. The problem, however, poses a very difficult task for empirical economics, for the following reasons: There are, first, all the problems encountered in estimating the static effects of most-favorednation (MFN) tariff reductions [4; 5]. Second, since the tariff cut is preferential, we have to be concerned not merely with the displacement of domestic production by imports, but also with the substitution of one group of imports for another. Even less is known about elasticities of substitution between different classes of imports than about import demand elasticities. Third, export supply elasticities are probably lower for less developed countries than for developed countries. The trade effects of tariff cuts become more sensitive to the precise value of supply elasticities as these elasticities become smaller. Investigators studying the effects of MFN tariff cuts on trade in manufactured goods have frequently assumed (long-run) supply curves to be perfectly elastic, an assumption which causes little error if supply elasticities are high relative to demand elasticities. Such an assumption would be dangerous in the case of LDC exports. Finally, there are all the limitations of a static model, with its
Active Filler Effects and Reanalysis: A Study of Japanese Wh-scrambling Constructions

This paper presents evidence for the Active Filler Effect (Frazier & Clifton 1989) in Japanese. The experimental results show that Japanese speakers preferentially associate a fronted wh-phrase with the first potential scope marker, even when that is contained in an embedded clause. This finding allows us to propose two refinements to the Active Filler Strategy's operation for all languages. We suggest that (i) the Active Filler Strategy results from the parser’s rapid attempt to associate an operator with a θ-marked variable position, and that (ii) the parser is able to rescind existing commitments in order to satisfy other constraints. Results from a self-paced reading experiment indicate that a fronted wh -phrase is associated with the embedded verb, an association which we argue suggests reanalysis from an initial matrix clause association.
Influence of quality on employee results: the case of rural accommodations in Spain

Few studies have analysed the effect of the critical factors of quality results on employees in the services sector and, more specifically, in the tourism sector. This work studies the rural accommodation sector in order to provide facility managers with the critical factors on which to focus their efforts towards increasing their employee results/satisfaction. The data obtained from 100 rural accommodations in Spain are analysed and each of the measurement scales used are validated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The theoretical model proposed to analyse the relationship is estimated by applying Structural Equation Modelling. The research reveals that the factors to which greater attention should be paid in order to enhance employee results/satisfaction are quality policy and strategy and processes management, the latter being the criterion through which the rest of the critical factors perform. The greatest total effect derives from quality policy and strategy and leadership, and indirect effect via the rest of the criteria.
Interpreting Results From the Multinomial Logit Model

This article provides guidelines and illustrates practical steps necessary for an analysis of results from the multinomial logit model (MLM). The MLM is a popular model in the strategy literature because it allows researchers to examine strategic choices with multiple outcomes. However, there seem to be systematic issues with regard to how researchers interpret their results when using the MLM. In this study, I present a set of guidelines critical to analyzing and interpreting results from the MLM. The procedure involves intuitive graphical representations of predicted probabilities and marginal effects suitable for both interpretation and communication of results. The practical steps are illustrated through an application of the MLM to the choice of foreign market entry mode.
Specific Human Capital and Sorting Mechanisms in Labor Markets

Three major avenues of research on employment contracts which incorporate asymmetric information have been pursued. First, researchers have considered contracts in which the supply of employee effort is costly to monitor [3; 8; 9; 12]. Second, the allocation of labor has been examined when innate person-specific characteristics are unobservable [4; 5; 14; 15]. Third, employment contracts have been designed when economic agents are uncertain about the state of nature concerning the worker's marginal product and the employee's reservation wage [6; 7]. This research agenda has provided an elaborate array of models which yield employment contracts that reduce the distortionary effects of asymmetric information. However, these models have two major short-comings. First, under uncertainty concerning personspecific information, employers have an incentive to screen employees. The existing literature has analyzed two distinct screening mechanisms. Guasch and Weiss [4; 5] consider screening through wages, while White [15] has considered screening through specific human capital. However, each mechanism has been analyzed in isolation. The present paper combines these screening mechanisms and examines the impact of each upon the optimal employment contract. Second, although the existing literature on employment contracts offers a general framework for analysis, it is not directly amenable to empirical verification. The present paper rectifies these short-comings by developing a model which incorporates both screening mechanisms under asymmetric information, and thereby provides a model conducive to empirical verification. In our analysis three major simplifying assumptions are made. First, because we assume employees have no choice regarding the effort they supply, we abstract from the agency problem discussed in the literature cited above. Second, we assume employees differ in their innate person-specific characteristics. The latter is assumed to be observed by
Full-wave analysis of dielectric frequency-selective surfaces using a vectorial modal method

A novel vectorial modal method is presented for studying guidance and scattering of frequency-selective structures based on lossy all-dielectric multilayered waveguide gratings for both TE and TM polarizations. The wave equation for the transverse magnetic field is written in terms of a linear differential operator satisfying an eigenvalue equation. The definition of an auxiliary problem whose eigenvectors satisfy an orthogonality relationship allows for a matrix representation of the eigenvalue equation. Our proposed technique has been applied to the study of lossy all-dielectric periodic guiding media with periodicity in one dimension. This method yields the propagation constants and field distributions in such media. The reflection and transmission coefficients of a single layer under a plane-wave excitation can be obtained by imposing the boundary conditions. Study of the scattering parameters of the whole multilayered structure is accomplished by the cascade connection of components as characterized by their scattering parameters. Results obtained with this method for the propagation characteristics of a one-dimensional periodic dielectric medium are compared with those presented by other authors, and results for the scattering of several dielectric frequency-selective surfaces (DFSS) are compared with both theoretical and experimental results presented in the literature, finding a very good agreement. A symmetrical band-stop filter with a single waveguide grating is also demonstrated theoretically.