Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Balint group and its application in medical education: A systematic review

INTRODUCTION: The Balint group's seminars were developed by Michael and Enid Balint for the purpose of a better understanding of doctor–patient relationships. This study aimed to introduce the Balint group and its application to the medical science educational program and to provide an up-to-date perspective on Balint group research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out as a systematic literature search published from January 2008 to September 2018 in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Proquest, which were searched with keywords such as the Balint group and medical education along with numerous related terms. Duplicates, non-English language articles were discarded from the review. RESULTS: A total of nine papers entered the study. Among included articles, four used a qualitative methodology, four used a quantitative methodology, and one applied a mixed methodology. Four main aims emerged from the content of papers: (1) to evaluate resident and medical student experiences in Balint groups, (2) to improve communication skills and reduce burnout level, (3) to assess the Balint group's effects on empathy, and (4) to explore the contexts and triggers of cases presented in Balint groups. CONCLUSION: Our results help us to the achievement of a better planning and design of an efficient Balint group in medical education. The findings enable the policymakers to make better decisions on the topic. Balint groups may guide medical students (residents) to become more patient centered by improving their communication skills and empathic abilities and reducing the level of burnout.
Grass Seedling Recruitment in Cattle Dungpats

Abstract Livestock seed dispersal (fecal seeding) is gaining recognition as a method to reintroduce desirable species to degraded rangelands. A field study was conducted to determine the influence of cattle dungpat thickness on the recruitment of Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda Presl.), bluebunch wheatgrass (Psuedoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love), and ‘Hycrest’ crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisch. ex Link] Schult. × A. cristatum [L.] Gaert.) in naturally and artificially deposited dungpats. Four Holstein heifers each were fed 60 000 seeds of each species. Twenty-four hours after feeding seeds, dung was collected from 2 animals receiving each plant species and formed into uniform, artificial dungpats (2 kg in mass) with thicknesses of 1, 2, and 4 cm, and respective diameters of 40, 28, and 20 cm, and deposited on bare soil. The other 2 animals receiving each plant species were used to deposit natural dungpats, varying in mass, thickness, and diameter, on bare soil. Seedling recruitment in all dungpat types was greatest for crested wheatgrass, followed by Sandberg bluegrass and bluebunch wheatgrass. Recruitment for all species was generally greatest in 1-cm-thick artificial dungpats, followed in order by 2-cm-thick artificial dungpats, natural dungpats, and 4-cm-thick artificial dungpats. Most seedlings, regardless of species, emerged and survived in the interior region of 1- and 2-cm-thick artificial dungpats and at the periphery of 4-cm-thick artificial dungpats. Most seedlings of crested wheatgrass and Sandberg bluegrass emerged and survived in cracks and depressions in the interior region of natural dungpats, whereas more bluebunch wheatgrass seedlings emerged and survived at the periphery of natural dungpats. Results indicate that the efficacy of cattle seed dispersal is influenced by the seedling vigor of species (seeds) consumed and the thickness of dungpats in which the ingested seeds are deposited. Grass species with weak seedling vigor (Sandberg bluegrass and bluebunch wheatgrass) have lower recruitment than species with strong seedling vigor (crested wheatgrass), particularly in dung > 2 cm thick.
FINE STRUCTURE AND MINERALIZATION OF THE GASTRIC MILL IN THE CRAYFISH PROCAMBARUS CLARKII DURING INTERMOLT STAGE

Abstract This paper aims to elucidate the structure and characteristic mineralization of the gastric mill cuticle in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) using light and transmission electron microscopy. Structure and mineralization of the lateral teeth of the gastric mill in the intermolt stage are documented. The lateral tooth is composed of two types: incisor-like teeth and molar-like teeth. The tooth structure is divided into three regions: “large-cusp region” is the protuberance region in the incisor-like teeth, “small-cusp region” is the protuberance region in the molar-like teeth, and “marginal region” is the surrounding region. The cuticle is divided into epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle, and membranous layer. The cuticle of the large-cusp region lacks epicuticle and endocuticle, while the cuticle of the small-cusp region lacks the epicuticle. The cuticle of the marginal region is composed of epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle, and membranous layer. Ultrastructurally, the exocuticle of the mill is composed of an electron-lucent matrix, pore canals, and electron-dense matrix surrounding the pore canals. The exocuticle in both cusp regions differs from that in the marginal region by the presence of a lamellar structure in the marginal region, which is composed of packed lamellae. During mineralization, needle-shaped crystals are deposited in the endocuticle. These crystals are found to consist of hydroxyapatite by electron diffraction and EDX. In conclusion, the structure of the gastric mill differs from that of the integumental cuticle, and the differences occur mainly in the exocuticle.
Evaluation of a Commercially Available Beneficial Insect Habitat for Management of Lepidoptera Pests

Abstract A field study was conducted in 2003 and 2004 at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems in Goldsboro, NC, to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially available beneficial insect habitat in decreasing pest caterpillar populations in organically managed tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. , plots. Six pairs of tomato plots were established and a commercial beneficial insect habitat seed mix (Peaceful Valley’s Good Bug Blend) transplanted around the perimeter of treatment plots, whereas a brown-top millet, Brachiaria ramose (L.) Stapf. , border was planted around control plots. Egg predation, egg parasitism by trichogrammatid wasps, and larval parasitism by braconid wasps was monitored throughout the growing season to determine whether habitat increased their activity. In both years of this study, the density of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Manduca spp. eggs was not significantly different between treatment and control plots. Although parasitism was the most important component of egg mortality (19–49%), parasitism was not significantly different between habitat types. Identifiable predation was a minor component (3–9%) of egg fate; it is possible that unidentified predation may be part of the ≈35–52% of eggs that met unknown fates. Larval parasitism levels ranged from ≈10 to 90% but was not significantly influenced by the presence of beneficial insect habitat in either year of the study. These results demonstrate that natural enemy activity in organic tomatoes was not amplified, and pest populations were not reduced by the presence of a commercially available beneficial insect habitat.
Nutrient loss from Saskatchewan cropland and pasture in spring snowmelt runoff

Cade-Menun, B. J., Bell, G. , Baker-Ismail, S. , Fouli, Y. , Hodder, K. , McMartin, D. W. , Perez-Valdivia, C. and Wu, K. 2013. Nutrient loss from Saskatchewan cropland and pasture in spring snowmelt runoff. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 445-458. To develop appropriate beneficial management practices (BMPs) for a watershed, it is essential to quantify the nutrients lost from agricultural fields and to identify the mechanisms of nutrient transport. To determine appropriate BMPs for a watershed in southeastern Saskatchewan, nutrient concentrations were measured in spring 2010 in snowmelt runoff from fertilized annual cropland (zero till) and perennial tame pastures. The majority of nutrient loss was in dissolved form, rather than as particulates. Significantly more nitrogen (N) was lost from pastures as dissolved ammonium than from cropland, while significantly more dissolved organic N was lost from croplands. Although there were no significant differences in total phosphorus (P) loss, there were significantly higher concentrations of dissolved reactive P in runoff from cropland, and significantly higher particulate P in runoff from pastures. Total carbon (C) in runoff was higher from cropland, due mainly to significantly higher dissolved organic C concentrations. Runoff from cropland contained significantly higher concentrations of dissolved potassium and sulfur, reflecting the fertilization of cropland fields with these nutrients. These preliminary results demonstrate that nutrients may be transported from agricultural lands by different mechanisms (e.g., in dissolved versus particulate forms) as a function of cropping system, requiring the development of specific types of BMPs to best control nutrient losses.
Estimating carbon inputs to soil in forage-based crop rotations and modeling the effects on soil carbon dynamics in a Swedish long-term field experiment

Bolinder, M. A. , Kätterer, T. , Andrén, O. and Parent, L. E. 2012. Estimating carbon inputs to soil in forage-based crop rotations and modeling the effects on soil carbon dynamics in a Swedish long-term field experiment. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 821-833. There is a need to improve the understanding of soil organic C (SOC) dynamics for forage-based rotations. A key requisite is accurate estimates of the below-ground (BG) C inputs to soil. We used the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM) to investigate the effects of C input assumptions on C balances with data from a 52-yr field experiment in northern Sweden. The main objective was to validate an approach for estimating annual crop residue C inputs to soil using the data from a continuous forage-based rotation (A). A rotation with only annual crops and more frequent tillage events (D) was used to obtain a rough estimate of the effect of tillage on SOC dynamics. The methodology used to estimate annual crop residue C inputs to soil gave a good fit to data from four out of the six large plots for rotation A. The approximate effects of more frequent tillage in rotation D increased SOC decomposition rate by about 20%. These results allow us to have more confidence in predicting SOC balances for forage-based crop rotations. Root biomass measurements used for calculating BG C inputs were also reviewed, and we show that they have not changed significantly during the past 150 yr.
Characterization of Resistance to Three Bruchid Species (Callosobruchus spp., Coleoptera, Bruchidae) in Cultivated Rice Bean (Vigna umbellata)

Abstract Resistance of wild and cultivated rice bean (Vigna umbellata [Thunberg] Ohwi and Ohashi) to three bruchid species, Callosobruchus chinensis L. , Callosobruchus maculatus F. , and Callosobruchus analis F. , was evaluated. All but three accessions of cultivated, and all wild rice bean accessions tested, exhibited complete resistance to all three bruchid species. Rice bean seeds with seed coat removed also showed complete resistance to the three bruchid species. Results indicate that physical attributes and/or chemical(s) present in the seed coat of rice bean are not the main factors responsible for resistance. Feeding tests were performed by using artificial beans prepared with varying proportions of rice bean (resistant) and azuki bean (susceptible) flour. Number of bruchid adults that emerged decreased, and larval developmental period (days) was extended, when artificial beans with an increasing proportion of rice bean flour were used. These tests revealed that a chemical compound(s) contained in the cotyledon of rice bean has an inhibitory effect on the growth of these bruchid species. The results also indicate that the chemical(s) in rice bean cotyledon is most effective against C. maculatus.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF THE MANGROVE CRABS ARATUS PISONII AND SESARMA RECTUM (BRACHYURA, GRAPSIDAE) FROM THE NORTH COAST OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

Abstract The population structures of Aratus pisonii and Sesarma rectum were analysed in order to compare their life histories. These two sinchronotopic species occupy distinct mangrove microhabitats in Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. In order to compare the population dynamics of these two species, age and reproductive status of crabs were estimated by obtaining monthly collections over a 2-year period. Aratus pisonii follows an annual population cycle. Highest frequencies of ovigerous females were recorded during spring and summer, while juvenile recruitment peaked during the winter when the adult population was less representative. The life span of A. pisonii was estimated to be one or two years. On the other hand, recruitment of S. rectum was continuous throughout the year. Adults were consistently present in all months, suggesting that the life span of S. rectum is longer than that of A. pisonii, and its reproduction might be continuous. Temperature is correlated with frequency of breeding females and juveniles in A. pisonii, while no such correlations are found in S. rectum. These results suggest that the population dynamics of these two grapsid crabs is considerably different.
Resistance to Biotype 2 Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Two Wheat Lines

Abstract Biotype 2 of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), was identified in the United States in 2003 and is virulent to all commercially available cultivars of winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. , that are resistant to biotype 1. We compared the development and reproduction of biotype 2 D. noxia at 21.7 ± 0.12°C on ‘Trego’ (PI 612576), a susceptible commercial cultivar, and on lines CI 2401 and 03GD1378027 that represent putative resistance sources. CI 2401 is a pure wheat line originating in the former USSR (Tajikistan), whereas 03GD1378027 is a USDA–ARS breeding line originally developed from crosses with a South African line that carried a large rye translocation conferring D. noxia resistance. Both lines previously showed resistance to biotype 1 and are currently being used in the development of D. noxia-resistant wheat cultivars. Both solitary apterous virginoparae of biotype 2 and their progeny experienced a reduction in survival and prolonged developmental times on CI 2401 and 03GD1378027 compared with Trego, but the former lines did not differ significantly from each other with respect to either measure of aphid performance. Progeny developed faster than did their foundress mothers on CI 2401 and Trego, but not on 03GD1378027. Mean foundress fecundity did not differ between CI 2401 and 03GD1378027 but was reduced on these lines relative to Trego. Foundresses also were more often found off plants of CI 2401 and 03GD1378027 than Trego. Estimates of intrinsic rate of increase were higher on Trego than on either CI 2401 or 03GD1378027, the latter two lines yielding similar values. The negative impacts of CI 2401 and 03GD1378027 on development and reproduction of biotype 2 indicate that these lines represent sources of resistance effective against this biotype.
Carcass characteristics of grass-fed crossbred bulls and steers slaughtered at two different ages

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate beef production potential and meat quality in young crossbred bulls and steers raised indoors and fed grass-based diets. One half of 96 bull calves were castrated at 2–3 wk of age. The calves were fed standard diets, and starting at 7 mo of age, they received grass silage supplemented with concentrates. At the end of the fattening period (18 and 21 mo of age), the animals were slaughtered, carcass quality was evaluated, and samples of musculus longissimus thoracis were collected to determine the proximate composition and meat quality. The semi-intensive feeding system contributed to higher daily gains (0.835 kg) in Holstein-Friesian (HF) × Hereford (HH) crosses. In comparison with steers, bulls were characterized by a higher dressing percentage (+1.33%), higher weight of five most valuable primal cuts (+6.7 kg), and higher lean meat content of three-rib cuts (+7.54%). Meat from steer carcasses, which had higher fat content was more tender and had desirable aroma, juiciness, and flavor. In semi-intensive production systems, steers performed better than bulls, and HF × HH crosses were more suitable than HF × Limousin (LM) and HF × Charolais (CH) crosses. Dairy-beef crosses should be slaughtered at 21 mo of age to improve carcass quality.
Automated Course Feedback System Using Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach

This paper presents an online automated course feedback system that collect data from student who appeared for a course in both structured and unstructured manner with anonymous approach ,to gain insight on academic course of Academic institution to improve institution or organization for their stake holders. This experimental work on designing an automated course feedback system. The automated course feedback system collect students responses as a set of binary and graded responses as well as unstructured responses are collected using text area field on which sentiment analysis or opinion mining are performed to compute positive or negative opinion about course feedback. The final feedback of course is overall score of computed value from binary and graded response and positive and negative opinion obtained from unstructured approach i.e. feedback collected from text area by performing sentiment analysis on sentences written in text area.We evaluated the experimental work on 10 courses with 200 review of each.
Field Evaluation of the Impact of Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)–Protected Bt Corn on Ground-Dwelling Invertebrates

Abstract A 3-yr field study was conducted in Monmouth, IL, to evaluate the effect of transgenic Bt corn expressing a Cry3Bb1 protein (MON 863) on ground-dwelling invertebrates. The study employed a split-plot design with MON 863 corn and a conventional near isoline (RX670) as the main plots, and insecticide regimens as subplots. Ground-dwelling arthropods were sampled with pan and pitfall traps during each of the 3 yr (2000–2002). The most abundant taxa collected included generalist predators, such as Araneae (spiders), Carabidae (ground beetles), and Staphylinidae (rove beetles), and detritivores (decomposers), such as Japygidae (diplurans), Lathridiidae (scavenger beetles), Formicidae (ants), Chilopoda (centipedes), and Oligochaeta (earthworms). MON 863 had no consistent adverse impacts on the abundance of any nontarget, ground-dwelling taxon compared with the non-Bt isoline; significant line effects were seen with only 2 of 14 nontarget taxa analyzed, and the nature of these effects varied within and among years. In contrast, certain insecticide applications had consistent adverse impacts across all 3 yr on diverse groups of ground-dwelling predators such as spiders and decomposers like diplurans. Foliar (permethrin)- and soil (tefluthrin)-applied insecticides significantly decreased the abundance of ground beetles and spiders compared with an insecticidal seed treatment (imidacloprid) or no insecticide application. Overall, significant effects of insecticide regimen were seen with 6 of the 14 nontarget taxa analyzed. Adoption of MON 863 and the concurrent reduction in broad-spectrum soil-applied insecticide use for the control of larval Diabrotica spp. have the potential to enhance the role of biological control within corn agroecosystems.
Amniogenesis in the African yellow bat, Scotophilus dinganii

ABSTRACT The African yellow house bat, Scotophilus dinganii, was found to be seasonally monestrus, carrying a single foetus in each of the two uterine horns of the bicornuate uterus. Implantation was superficial, with amniogenesis initiated early during embryogenesis. The amnion in S. dinganii was a schizamnion, and it is deduced that its formation was preceded by cavitation of the inner cell mass, with formation of the definitive amniotic cavity, where the floor of the cavity eventually formed the embryonic disc and its roof the ectodermal part of the true or definitive amnion.
Within-Plant Distribution of Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), on Ivy Geranium: Development of a Presence-Absence Sampling Plan

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is an important pest of ivy geranium and other ornamental plants. As a part of our long-term goal to develop an integrated crop management program for ivy geraniums, the focus of this study was to produce a reliable sampling method for T. urticae on this bedding plant. Within-plant mite distribution data from a greenhouse experimentwere used to identify the young-fully-opened leaf as the sampling unit.We found that 53% of the mites on a plant are on the young-fully-opened leaves. On average 22, 37, and 41% of the leaves belonged to the young, young-fully-opened, and old leaf categories, respectively.We then developed a presence-absence samplingmethod for T. urticae in ivy geranium using generic TaylorÕs coefÞcients for this pest. We found the optimal binomial sample sizes for estimating populations of T. urticae at densities of between 0 and 3 mites/leaf to be quite large; therefore, we recommend the use of numerical sampling within this range of T. urticae densities.We also suggest that population estimates of T. urticae on ivy geranium be done based on mite density/unit area of greenhouse space, both for conventional greenhouse pest management, and for determining how many phytoseid predators to release when using biological control.
Improved Attractants for Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann): Responses of Sterile and Wild Flies to (-) Enantiomer of Ceralure B1

Abstract Tests were conducted on wild Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capiata (Wiedemann), in Hawaii, Italy, and Kenya, and on sterile released flies in Florida and California with a new male attractant, (−)-ceralure B1. Compared on an equal dosage basis, Mediterranean fruit fly males were significantly more attracted to the (−)-ceralure B1 than to trimedlure in each of the sites tested except for California. Compared with the standard commercial 2 g trimedlure plug, 10 mg applied on cotton wicks (Kauai) was as attractive to wild males as trimedlure after the first 2 d of the test but not after 7 d. At a dose of 40 mg (50 times less than in the 2-g plug), the (−)-ceralure B1 was significantly more attractive to male flies than the 2-g trimedlure plug for the first week of service (Florida) but not after 2 wk. Studies using released sterile flies in Florida confirm our previous work on the improved attraction of (−)-ceralure B1 (40 mg) over trimedlure. However, this trend did not hold up in a single test conducted in a residential area in California that did not show a significant difference in attraction using 20 mg of compound. Future refinements in synthesis and costs of this compound and increased availability and testing will be needed before any final evaluation in the field can be carried out.