Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions between Brettanomyces bruxellensis and other yeast species during the initial stages of winemaking

Aims: Wine is the product of complex interactions between yeasts and bacteria in grape must. Amongst yeast populations, two groups can be distinguished. The first, named non‐Saccharomyces (NS), colonizes, with many other micro‐organisms, the surface of grape berries. In the past, NS yeasts were primarily considered as spoilage micro‐organisms. However, recent studies have established a positive contribution of certain NS yeasts to wine quality. Amongst the group of NS yeasts, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, which is not prevalent on wine grapes, plays an important part in the evolution of wine aroma. Some of their secondary metabolites, namely volatile phenols, are responsible for wine spoilage. The other group contributing to wine aroma, which is also the main agent of alcoholic fermentation (AF), is composed of Saccharomyces species. The fermenting must is a complex microbial ecosystem where numerous yeast strains grow and die according to their adaptation to the medium. Yeast–yeast interactions occur during winemaking right from the onset of AF. The aim of this study was to describe the interactions between B. bruxellensis, other NS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during laboratory and practical scale winemaking.
Variability of test-day milk production and composition and relations of somatic cell counts with yield and compositional changes of bovine milk.

Between November 1979 and November 1981, 41,783 test-day observations were obtained from 63 Holstein herds in the province of Quebec. Measured were milk yield, percentages of fat, protein, casein, and serum protein, and somatic cell counts that had unadjusted means with standard errors 20.44 +/- . 04 kg, 3.684 +/- . 003%, 3.314 +/- 002%, 2.694 +/- . 001, . 669 +/- . 001%, and 313625 +/- 3238/ml of milk. Casein as a percentage of total protein (casein number) was 79.35 +/- . 015. Least squares analyses showed significant effects of herd, calendar month of test, age of sample at laboratory testing, stage of lactation, age of cow, and somatic cell counts on milk yield and composition. Milk yield was higher whereas percentages of fat and protein and somatic cell counts were lower in summer than in winter months. Somatic cells, fat, protein, and casein contents were high during early stages of lactation, reached a minimum at 2 mo in lactation, and rose gradually throughout the rest of the lactation. A comparison of younger cows (less than or equal to 2 yrs) with older one (greater than or equal to 6 yr) revealed that somatic cell counts increased from 166,000 to 507,000/ml of milk and casein number decreased from 80.14 to 78.88. Increase of somatic cell counts in milk was associated with increased protein content, which was mainly from the serum protein fraction as the casein fraction was not related with somatic cells.
Trends in characteristics of births by State: United States, 1990, 1995, and 2000-2002.

OBJECTIVE This report presents U.S. and State-level data on births, birth rates, fertility rates, sex ratio, marital status, and educational attainment by race and Hispanic origin for 1990, 1995, and 2000-2002. METHODS Data are presented in detailed tables, summary tables, maps, and graphs. RESULTS In 2002 there were 4,021,726 live births in the United States, 136,486 fewer than in 1990. Despite a slight decline in the number of births nationwide, a few States witnessed significant increases in the number of live births with most of these States located in the western United States. Some of the westward shift in number of births is attributable to a growing population and some to the age and race composition of the individual States. However, real differences in fertility by State persist even when the effects of age structure and race and ethnic composition of the States' population are taken into account. This report also presents data on sex ratios, percentage unmarried, and educational attainment of mothers. Several observations from these data are noteworthy. The proportion of births to unmarried mothers increased nationally and in every State between 1990 and 2002. Nationally the percentage of mothers with fewer than 12 years of education fell, and the percentage with 16 or more years increased for all racial and ethnic groups. However, at the State level, the percentage of women with fewer than 12 years of education increased for nearly a quarter of the States, despite near universal increases in the percentage of women with 16 or more years of education.
Carotenoid concentrations in vegetables and fruits common to the Costa Rican diet

The intake of vegetables and fruits has been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases in many different populations. Various components of these foods have been investigated to explain the protective effects. Carotenoids, a class of phytochemicals found in these foods, have been investigated for links between their oxidative, provitamin A, and cellular properties and disease risk reduction. Many nutrition-based studies employ dietary questionnaires to estimate intakes for associations with disease. Reliable assessments of the components of these foods are necessary for accurate quantification of intake. While databases have been published, they vary greatly due to differences in methodology, growth conditions, and handling. In addition, data relevant to foods grown and consumed in Latin America and Costa Rica are scarce. In this paper, we employ a quality-controlled method for analyzing foods to obtain data on vegetables and fruits that are common to the Costa Rican diet. The data is presented in tables and compared to databases from the United States and Europe.
COMT val158met influence on electroconvulsive therapy response in major depression

There is strong evidence for a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of depression, with the functional catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) val158met polymorphism having been suggested as a potential susceptibility factor. In the present study, the effect of COMT val158met on response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was analyzed in a sample of 104 Caucasian patients (f = 71, m = 33) with pharmacologically treatment‐resistant Major Depression. The higher active COMT 158val allele was found to be associated with (1) higher pre‐ECT severity of depression and (2) better treatment response to ECT particularly regarding the core symptoms of depression as well as sleep‐related symptoms. These findings were restricted to the female subgroup of patients. In summary, the present study supports a potentially gender‐specific significant impact of COMT gene variation on electroconvulsive therapy response, with COMT 158val risk allele carriers suffering from more severe, pharmacologically less efficiently treatable depression and thus possibly deriving greater benefit from ECT in the first place. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small-Signal Transfer Functions of the Classical Boost Converter Supplied by Ultracapacitor Banks

Ultracapacitor is an emerging device for energy storage that can replace batteries in some short-term applications. Due to the fact that the terminal voltage of an ultracapacitor varies with the level of energy stored, a power electronic converter with voltage boosting capability is usually needed at its terminals to interface with a load operating at a constant voltage. For the case of a classical boost dc-dc converter supplying a resistive load by drawing energy from a bank of ultracapacitors, the paper derives small-signal transfer functions by considering a time-varying steady-state. To reduce the complexity of resulting exact expressions of poles, highly accurate approximate expressions are also derived. Furthermore, it compares how the control characteristics change when a constant voltage source such as a battery replaces the ultracapacitor bank. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the approximate values of poles and zeros and to describe how the poles and zeros vary with the duty ratio.
Overweight and CpG methylation of the Pomc promoter in offspring of high‐fat‐diet‐fed dams are not “reprogrammed” by regular chow diet in rats

This study aimed to determine whether epigenetic malprogramming induced by high‐fat diet (HFD) has an obesogenic effect on nonmated and mated female rats and their offspring. Further, it aimed to reprogram offspring's epigenetic malprogramming and phenotype by providing normal diet after weaning. Body weight (BW) was measured, and plasma and hypothalamic arcuate nuclei were collected for analysis of hormones, mRNA, and DNA CpG methylation of the promoter of Pomc, a key factor in control of food intake. In nonmated females, HFD decreased Pomc/leptin ratio by ~38%. This finding was associated with Pomc promoter hypermethylation. While heavier during pregnancy, during lactation HFD dams showed sharper BW decrease (2.5‐fold) and loss of Pomc promoter hypermethylation. Moreover, their weight loss was correlated with demethylation (r=‐0.707) and with gadd45b mRNA expression levels (r=0.905). Even though offspring of HFD dams ate standard chow from weaning, they displayed increased BW, Pomc promoter hypermethylation, and vulnerability to HFD challenge (3‐fold kilocalorie intake increase). These findings demonstrate a long‐term effect of maternal HFD on CpG methylation of the Pomc promoter in the offspring, which was not reprogrammed by standard chow from weaning. Further, the results suggest a possible mechanism of demethylation of the Pomc promoter following pregnancy and lactation. —Marco, A. , Kisliouk, T. , Tabachnik, T. , Meiri, N. , Weller, A. Overweight and CpG methylation of the Pomc promoter in offspring of high‐fat‐diet‐fed dams are not “reprogrammed” by regular chow diet in rats. FASEB J. 28, 4148‐4157 (2014). www.fasebj. org
Reminiscence therapy for dementia.

BACKGROUND Reminiscence Therapy (RT) has been defined as vocal or silent recall of events in a person's life, either alone, or with another person or group of people. It typically involves group meetings, at least once a week, in which participants are encouraged to talk about past events, often assisted by aids such as photos, music, objects and videos of the past. There is, often, little consistent application of psychological therapies in dementia services. A number of these 'therapies' were greeted with enthusiasm by health care practitioners in under stimulating care environments. They were expected to work miracles and their 'failure' to do this has led to their widespread disuse. A systematic review of the available evidence is important in order to identify the effectiveness of the different therapies. Subsequently, guidelines for their use can be made on a sound evidence base. OBJECTIVES RT involves groups of elderly people talking of past events, assisted by aids such as videos, pictures and archives, as a means of communicating and reflecting upon their life experiences. The objective of the review is to assess the effects of RT for dementia. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, PSYCHLIT, EMBASE, OMNI, BIDS, Dissertation Abstracts International, SIGLE and reference lists of relevant articles up to 1998, and we contacted specialists in the field. We also searched relevant Internet sites and we hand searched Aging and Mental Health, the Gerontologist, Journal of Gerontology, Current Opinion in Psychiatry, Current Research in Britain: Social Sciences, British Psychological Society conference proceedings and Reminiscence database. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials of RT for dementia in elderly people. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. MAIN RESULTS Two trials are included in the review, but only one trial with 15 participants had extractable data. The results were statistically non-significant for both cognition and behaviour. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS No firm conclusions could be reached regarding the effectiveness of RT for dementia. The review highlighted the urgent need for more systematic research in the area.
Structural and Electrical Characterization of Solution-Processed Electrodes for Piezoelectric Polymer Film Sensors

Solution-processable graphene and carbon nanotube-based electrode materials were used here to provide electrodes on flexible piezoelectric polyvinylidenefluoride sensors. Piezoelectric sensitivity measurements, image-based analysis, adhesion tests, and sheet resistance measurements were applied to these printable sensors to rigorously analyze their performance and structure. The printable sensors showed electrical performance similar to metallized sensors, whereas the adhesion of the solution-processed materials to the substrate is not as high as that of the evaporated metal films. This also affects the measured sensor sensitivity values. The measurements based on optical images were found to be a promising method to capture detailed information about the electrode surface structure.
Beyond verbal fluency: Investigating the long-term effects of bilateral subthalamic (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on language function in two cases

Cognitive functioning has been described as largely impervious to chronic STN-DBS administered over 12-month periods. In relation to the domain of language, however, the effects of STN-DBS are yet to be thoroughly delineated. Verbal fluency tasks represent an almost exclusively applied index of linguistic proficiency relative to neuropsychological research within this population. Comprehensive investigations of the impact of STN-DBS on language function, however, have never been undertaken. The more precise elucidation of the role of the STN in the mediation of language processes, by way of assessments which probe language comprehension and production mechanisms, served as the primary focus of this research. Longitudinal analysis also afforded consideration of the way in which cognitive-linguistic circuits respond to STN-DBS over time. Bilateral STN-DBS primarily effected clinically reliable fluctuations (i.e., both improvements and declines) in performance in both subjects on tasks demanding cognitive-linguistic flexibility in the formulation and comprehension of complex language. Of particular note, both subjects demonstrated a cumulative increase in the proportion of reliable post-operative improvements achieved over time. The findings of this research lend support to models of subcortical participation in language which endorse a role for the STN, and suggest that bilateral STN-DBS may serve to enhance the proficiency of basal ganglia-thalamocortical linguistic circuits over time.
Decreased number and function of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with migraine

Objective: Migraine carries an increased risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases that cannot be explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) number is a surrogate biologic marker of vascular function, and diminished EPC counts are associated with higher cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether abnormalities in EPC levels and functions are present in migraine patients. Methods: Consecutive headache patients (n =166) were enrolled, including those with tensiontype headache (TTH; n = 74), migraine without aura (MO; n = 67), and migraine with aura (MA; n = 25). EPC colony-forming units in peripheral blood samples and migratory capacity to chemoattractants (stromal cell-derived factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor) and cellular senescence levels were assayed in risk factor-matched subjects (n = 6 per group). Results: The TTH group had more cardiovascular risk factors, more headache days, and higher Framingham risk scores than the other two groups. Mean numbers of EPC colony-forming units were 47.8 ± 24.3 in TTH, 20.4 ±22.2 in MO, and 8.6 ± 10.1 in MA patients (p < 0.001 in TTH vs MO; p = 0.001 in MO vs MA). EPC colony counts of normal subjects (n = 37) were not significantly different from those with TTH. Multiple linear regression models identified only MO, MA, and the presence of migraine (MO + MA) as significant predictors of EPC levels. In addition, EPCs from migraine patients (MO and MA) showed reduced migratory capacity and increased cellular senescence compared with EPCs from TTH or normal subjects. Conclusion: Circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) numbers and functions are reduced in migraine patients, suggesting that EPCs can be an underlying link between migraine and cardiovascular risk. GLOSSARY: ACE= angiotensin-converting enzyme;ATR= angiotensin receptor;β-gal= β-galactosidase; BMI= body mass index; CAD= coronary artery disease; CADASIL= cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; CFU= colony-forming unit; EBM= endothelial basal medium; EPC= endothelial progenitor cell; HDL= high-density lipoprotein; HPF= high-power field; IL= interleukin; KDR= kinase-insert domain receptor; LDL= low-density lipoprotein; MA= migraine with aura; MO= migraine without aura; PBS= phosphate-buffered saline; SA-β-gal= senescence-associated β-galactosidase; SDF-1= stromal cell–derived factor 1; TNF= tumor necrosis factor; TTH= tension-type headache; VEGF= vascular endothelial growth factor.
Acute kidney injury: a guide to diagnosis and management.

Acute kidney injury is characterized by abrupt deterioration in kidney function, manifested by an increase in serum creatinine level with or without reduced urine output. The spectrum of injury ranges from mild to advanced, sometimes requiring renal replacement therapy. The diagnostic evaluation can be used to classify acute kidney injury as prerenal, intrinsic renal, or postrenal. The initial workup includes a patient history to identify the use of nephrotoxic medications or systemic illnesses that might cause poor renal perfusion or directly impair renal function. Physical examination should assess intravascular volume status and identify skin rashes indicative of systemic illness. The initial laboratory evaluation should include measurement of serum creatinine level, complete blood count, urinalysis, and fractional excretion of sodium. Ultrasonography of the kidneys should be performed in most patients, particularly in older men, to rule out obstruction. Management of acute kidney injury involves fluid resuscitation, avoidance of nephrotoxic medications and contrast media exposure, and correction of electrolyte imbalances. Renal replacement therapy (dialysis) is indicated for refractory hyperkalemia; volume overload; intractable acidosis; uremic encephalopathy, pericarditis, or pleuritis; and removal of certain toxins. Recognition of risk factors (e.g., older age, sepsis, hypovolemia/shock, cardiac surgery, infusion of contrast agents, diabetes mellitus, preexisting chronic kidney disease, cardiac failure, liver failure) is important. Team-based approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and aggressive management are critical for improving outcomes.
Diagnostic value of brain natriuretic peptide and β-endorphin plasma concentration changes in patients with acute left heart failure and atrial fibrillation

Rationale: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of beta-endorphin (&bgr;-EP) and brain natriuretic peptid (BNP) plasma concentrations for the early diagnosis of acute left heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Patient concerns: A total of 45 patients were included. These patients comprised 23 male and 22 female patients,and 20 healthy subjects who underwent physical examinations in the Outpatient Department during the same periodwere included and assigned to the control group. Diagnoses: The diagnos stand was that of the Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure. Interventions: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the plasma concentration of &bgr;-EP and BNP in the treatment and control groups, and electrocardiogram targeting was performed to determine the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Outcomes: BNP, &bgr;-EP, and LVEF levels were higher in the treatment group (688.01 ± 305.78 ng/L, 394.06 ± 180.97 ng/L, and 70.48 ± 16.62%) compared with the control group (33.90 ± 8.50 ng/L, 76.87 ± 57.21 ng/L, and 32.11 ± 5.25%). The P-values were . 015, . 019, and . 026, respectively, which were <. 05. The difference was statistically significant. The BNP and &bgr;-EP's 4 correlations (r = 0.895, P <.001), BNP, &bgr;-EP, and the combination of BNP and &bgr;-EP for acute left heart failure diagnosis in maximizing Youden index sensitivity, specific degree, area under the ROC curve (AUC), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were respectively 93.5%, 81.3%, 0.921, 0.841, 0.921; 80.5%, 78.6%, 0.697, 0.505, 0.697; 94.1%, 83.5%, 0.604 to 0.979, and 0.604. Acute left heart failure in patients with LVEF acuity plasma BNP and &bgr;-EP 50% group was obviously lower than that in the LVEF <50% group (P <.01). BNP, &bgr;-EP, and LVEF were negatively correlated (r = −0.741, −0.635, P = .013, .018). Lessons: &bgr;-EP and BNP have high specificity and sensitivity for detecting early acute left heart failure and atrial fibrillation in patients, which is convenient, easy to perform, and suitable for clinical applications.
Country Variations in Family Members' Informal Pressure to Drink Less

Examines how family members in 18 countries attempt to influence each other to drink less. Data come from the GENACIS (Gender, Alcohol and Culture: an International Study) dataset (overall sample 44, 115). The percentage of people who had experienced family member pressure to drink less were compared to country abstinence rate, mean drinking volume per drinker and other societal-level factors. Countries differed greatly on proportion of drinkers having experienced family members' pressure to drink less, however, in all countries drinking women reported less pressure than drinking men in their own society. Informal pressure was exerted most often by the spouse or sexual partner, and was found to be highly correlated with the country's socioeconomic conditions.
Making patient safety the focus: Crisis Resource Management in the undergraduate curriculum

Background This paper examines the role of high fidelity simulation and crisis resource management in bridging the gap between theory and practice. Patient safety is fundamental to healthcare professional practice and is a common goal for healthcare providers. It provides a focus to motivate practitioners. Patient safety issues are not a priority in undergraduate curricula. Raising the profile at this level is crucial to improving the safety and quality of healthcare delivery. This paper explores the role of simulation in providing a realistic, safe environment for participants with different levels of experience to manage evolving crises in the context of their work environment.
Psychosocial Work Characteristics as Predictors for Burnout: Findings From 3-Year Follow Up of the PUMA Study

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of psychosocial work characteristics on burnout. Methods: A total of 1772 participants in different human service sector organizations were eligible for the cross-sectional analyses (baseline) and 952 for the prospective analyses. We measured 14 psychosocial work characteristics and three types of burnout. Linear regression models were used for analyzing associations between psychosocial work characteristics at baseline and burnout at baseline and at 3 years of follow up. Results: Low possibilities for development, high meaning of work, low predictability, high quality of leadership, low role clarity, and high role conflicts predicted burnout at 3 years of follow up after the psychosocial work characteristics were adjusted for each other, potential confounders, and burnout level at baseline. Conclusion: Psychosocial work characteristics were prospectively associated with burnout, suggesting that improving the psychosocial work environment may reduce future burnout in human service work.