Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avascular Necrosis Most Common Indication for Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Background Recently, much attention has been focused on the prevention of arthritis after slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Little, however, is published on which subset of SCFE patients eventually require hip replacement, how soon arthroplasty is required, and the long-term outcomes after arthroplasty. Methods A hip registry database at a tertiary referral center was searched for all primary hip arthroplasties in patients with a confirmed childhood diagnosis of SCFE. Results From 1954-2007, 38 hips in 33 patients underwent arthroplasty, including total hip arthroplasty (28), hip resurfacing (8), and hemiarthroplasty (2) for the diagnosis of SCFE. During this time period, over 33,000 primary total hip arthroplasties were carried out at our center. Underlying diagnoses included avascular necrosis or chondrolysis in 25 hips and degenerative changes and/or impingement in 13 hips. The slip severity in 20 cases was severe, 4 moderate, 7 mild, and 7 hips had unknown slip severity. Half of the slips (7/14) in the degenerative group were mild or moderate. Fourteen (70%) of the 20 severe slips and 10 (71%) of the 14 acute or acute-on-chronic slips presented for arthroplasty with the diagnosis of avascular necrosis. Avascular necrosis was associated with a severe slip (P=0.03) and an acute or acute-on-chronic presentation (P=0.008). With the exception of 2 mild slips treated nonoperatively, all slips underwent either pin fixation (27) or primary osteotomy (9). Mean time from slip to arthroplasty was 7.4 years in patients with AVN or chondrolysis, compared with 23.6 years in patients with degenerative change (P<0.0002). Mean age at arthroplasty was 20 years in the AVN or chondrolysis group compared with 38 years in the degenerative group (P<0.0001). Sixteen hips required revision arthroplasty at a mean of 11.6 years postoperatively, most commonly for component loosening and/or polyethylene wear. Kaplan Meier 5-year survival free from revision for all causes was 87% overall and 95% in the total hip arthroplasty subset. Conclusions The majority of hip arthroplasties in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis were carried out for the indication of avascular necrosis rather than degenerative changes related to femoroacetabular impingement. We found a moderately high revision rate in SCFE patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty or other joint replacement. Level of Evidence IV, case series.
Breast cancer beliefs and mammography screening practices among Chinese American immigrants.

OBJECTIVE To explore knowledge and beliefs (perceived risk factors, susceptibility, benefits, common barriers, and cultural barriers) in relation to mammography screening practices among Chinese American women. DESIGN A descriptive study guided by the Health Belief Model. SETTING Metropolitan area in the northwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS One hundred Chinese immigrant women, 40 years or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The percentage of Chinese American women ages 40 and older who ever received a mammogram and who received a mammogram within the past year. RESULTS Although 86% of the respondents reported that they had once had a mammogram, only 48.5% had a mammogram within the past year. The strongest factor associated with having a mammogram within the past year was having an immediate family member diagnosed with breast cancer, followed by having insurance that covered a mammogram and lower perceived barriers to obtaining a mammogram. Respondents had low knowledge of breast cancer and mammography screening guidelines. They also perceived low susceptibility to breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Nurses may influence the mammogram rates among Chinese American women by providing health education to family members of patients with breast cancer, reducing perceived barriers to mammogram, and seeking alternative payment mechanisms for patients who do not have insurance coverage for mammogram.
Importin α3 regulates chronic pain pathways in peripheral sensory neurons

Nuclear transport controls chronic pain Chronic neuropathic pain is debilitating and difficult to treat. Marvaldi et al. now show that chronic pain is regulated by a specific nuclear import factor in peripheral sensory neurons (see the Perspective by Yousuf and Price). Importin α3 is required for nuclear import of the transcription factor c-Fos in sensory neurons, and perturbation of this pathway ameliorates sustained neuropathic pain in mice. Candidate drugs were identified that mimic this pathway and alleviate neuropathic pain in mouse models. Identification of a nuclear transport factor that regulates pain mechanisms offers opportunities for future analgesic development. Science, this issue p. 842; see also p. 774 Perturbing c-Fos nuclear import by importin α3 in sensory neurons reduces sensitivity to noxious stimuli and thus leads to analgesia. How is neuropathic pain regulated in peripheral sensory neurons? Importins are key regulators of nucleocytoplasmic transport. In this study, we found that importin α3 (also known as karyopherin subunit alpha 4) can control pain responsiveness in peripheral sensory neurons in mice. Importin α3 knockout or sensory neuron–specific knockdown in mice reduced responsiveness to diverse noxious stimuli and increased tolerance to neuropathic pain. Importin α3–bound c-Fos and importin α3–deficient neurons were impaired in c-Fos nuclear import. Knockdown or dominant-negative inhibition of c-Fos or c-Jun in sensory neurons reduced neuropathic pain. In silico screens identified drugs that mimic importin α3 deficiency. These drugs attenuated neuropathic pain and reduced c-Fos nuclear localization. Thus, perturbing c-Fos nuclear import by importin α3 in peripheral neurons can promote analgesia.
Family caregiving in schizophrenia: domains and distress.

This article focuses on (1) the dimensionality of the caregiving concept; (2) the relation between the identified caregiving dimensions and characteristics of the patient, the caregiver, and their relationship; and (3) the relation between caregiving dimensions and caregiver distress. Findings are based on data from 480 members of the Dutch family organization for patients with schizophrenia/chronic psychosis who completed (1) the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ), which assesses general information (e.g., household characteristics), caregiving, help seeking, coping and distress, and (2) a questionnaire comprising questions on onset and course of the patient's disorder and symptoms characteristic of schizophrenic disorders. Four caregiving domains were found: tension, supervision, worrying, and urging. These domains were strongly related to the patient's symptomatology, contact between the relative and the patient's mental health professional, and the number of hours of mutual contact between the patient and the relative. The connection between patient, caregiver, and relationship variables and the caregivers' distress could be explained substantially by the overall caregiving score. Our findings suggest that caregiving tasks and problems may be diminished and related distress lowered by reducing the patient's symptomatology, increasing relatives' coping capacities, and decreasing the number of contact hours. If distress is reduced, relatives may use less psychotropic medication and may visit their general practitioner less often.
Lipid profile, cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in a group of AIDS patients.

BACKGROUND Since the advent of AIDS, the anti-HIV therapy has developed significantly, including the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the disease acquired a chronic characteristic. However, after the introduction of HAART, several metabolic alterations were observed, mainly related to the lipid profile. OBJECTIVES to evaluate and compare lipid profiles, analyze cardiovascular risk, describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in AIDS patients with or without HAART. METHODS Over an 18-month period, 319 patients treated at outpatient clinics in the city of São Paulo, Brazil were selected. RESULTS The final sample included 215 patients receiving HAART and 69 HAART-naive patients. The mean age was 39.5 years, and 60.9% were males. The main cardiovascular risk factors were smoking (27%), hypertension (18%) and family history of atherosclerosis (40%). Mean total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were higher in the HAART group than in the non-HAART group (205 vs 180 mg/dl, 51 vs 43 mg/dl, 219 vs 164 mg/dl and 101 vs 93 mg/dl respectively; p < 0.001 for all). According to the Framingham risk score, the cardiovascular risk was moderate to high in 11% of the patients receiving HAART and 4% of the HAART-naïve patients. According to the Adult Treatment Panel III definition, the metabolic syndrome was observed in 13% and 12% of the patients with or without HAART, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although the mean values for total cholesterol, HDL-c and triglycerides were higher in the HAART group, a higher cardiovascular risk was not identified in the former. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was comparable in both groups.
Noncommutative Bilinear Algorithms for 3 x 3 Matrix Multiplication

New noncommutative bilinear algorithms for $3 \times 3$ matrix multiplication are presented. These have the same complexity, 23 essential multiplications, as the one discovered by Laderman, but are inequivalent to it. Equivalence here refers to a certain group of transformations all of which map noncommutative bilinear matrix-multiplication algorithms into other such algorithms; “inequivalent” means not related by a transformation in the group. This group has been studied by de Groote, who has shown for the case of $2 \times 2$ matrix multiplication with 7 essential multiplications that all such algorithms are equivalent to Strassen’s. The new algorithms, by contrast, include infinitely many pairwise inequivalent algorithms. The computer search that led to the new algorithms is described.
IQ, Trading Behavior, and Performance

We analyze whether IQ influences trading behavior, performance, and transaction costs. The analysis combines equity return, trade, and limit order book data with two decades of scores from an intelligence (IQ) test administered to nearly every Finnish male of draft age. Controlling for a variety of factors, we find that high-IQ investors are less subject to the disposition effect, more aggressive about tax-loss trading, and more likely to supply liquidity when stocks experience a one-month high. High-IQ investors also exhibit superior market timing, stock-picking skill, and trade execution.
Autonomic activity and leptin in Africans and whites: the SABPA study

Objectives: Evidence exists that leptin enhances sympathetic activity and may thereby contribute to the development of obesity-related hypertension. Sympathetic activation also seems more prominent in Africans than whites. We compared leptin levels, and different markers of autonomic activity between Africans and whites, and determined whether a relationship exists between leptin and autonomic activity. Methods: The study included 409 African and white school teachers (aged, 44.6 ± 9.6 years). We determined leptin in serum and measured ambulatory blood pressure. Markers reflecting autonomic activity included renin, cortisol, baroreflex sensitivity, ambulatory heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) components (assessed by 24-h ECG recordings in the frequency and geometric domain). Results: Africans had higher leptin levels, BMI, blood pressure and heart rate (all P < 0.001) as well as lower HRV triangular index and HRV total power (P < 0.001). After also adjusting for BMI in multivariate regression analyses, in African men, renin (&bgr; = 0.228; P = 0.033), night-time heart rate (&bgr; = 0.184; P = 0.034), HRV triangular index (&bgr; = −0.230; P = 0.010) and HRV total power (&bgr; = −0.214; P = 0.046) associated with leptin. In white men, leptin associated with 24-h heart rate (&bgr; = 0.376; P < 0.001), as well as day and night-time heart rate (both P < 0.01), HRV triangular index (&bgr; = −0.335; P < 0.001) and HRV total power (&bgr; = −0.403; P < 0.001). In African women, we observed an association of leptin with the total power component of HRV (&bgr; = −0.221; P = 0.015) and a borderline association with renin (&bgr; = 0.219; P = 0.057). No significant associations were apparent in the white women. Conclusion: We found that leptin is independently associated with different markers of autonomic activity, especially in men.
NITRIC OXIDE ALONE IS AN INSUFFICIENT BIOMARKER OF EXPOSURE TO MICROBES IN A MOISTURE-DAMAGED BUILDING

Several epidemiological studies have revealed a large variety of adverse health effects related to exposure to microbes in moisture damaged buildings. Recently some evidence has been reported for a biochemical linkage between microbial exposure and the respiratory symptoms suffered by the occupants. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the value of nitric oxide (NO) measurements in determining the inflammatory status of airways in inhabitants of problem buildings. NO was measured by a chemiluminescence analyzer from the exhaled air. In addition, NO was determined as its metabolite nitrite from nasal lavage (NL) and induced sputum (IS) samples and also via the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the cells. Occupants of moisture-damaged and reference schools were studied. The sampling was performed at the end of the spring term, at the end of the summer vacation, during the winter term, and after a 1-wk winter holiday. No statistically significant differences in NO levels were detected between the studied groups or between exposure and vacation periods. iNOS was not detected from IS or NL samples of the exposed occupants. These results suggest that NO measurements alone are not sufficient to quantify airway inflammation when evaluating subjects exposed to microbes present in moisture-damaged buildings.
Changing Dynamics: Time-Varying Autoregressive Models Using Generalized Additive Modeling

In psychology, the use of intensive longitudinal data has steeply increased during the past decade. As a result, studying temporal dependencies in such data with autoregressive modeling is becoming common practice. However, standard autoregressive models are often suboptimal as they assume that parameters are time-invariant. This is problematic if changing dynamics (e.g., changes in the temporal dependency of a process) govern the time series. Often a change in the process, such as emotional well-being during therapy, is the very reason why it is interesting and important to study psychological dynamics. As a result, there is a need for an easily applicable method for studying such nonstationary processes that result from changing dynamics. In this article we present such a tool: the semiparametric TV-AR model. We show with a simulation study and an empirical application that the TV-AR model can approximate nonstationary processes well if there are at least 100 time points available and no unknown abrupt changes in the data. Notably, no prior knowledge of the processes that drive change in the dynamic structure is necessary. We conclude that the TV-AR model has significant potential for studying changing dynamics in psychology.
Neonatal sepsis- Early detection comparing Procalcitonin and CRP as markers and newer tools

Background: Neonatal sepsis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India, but is treatable if diagnosis is made in time. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and highlight the importance of procalcitonin v\s CRP in early detection of neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: The prospective study enrolled 150 neonates who had maternal risk factors and clinically suspected of infection (study group). Abnormal total leukocyte count, abnormal total polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) count, elevated immature PMN count, elevated immature: Total (I:T) PMN ratio, platelet count ≤150,000/mm3, and pronounced degenerative or toxic changes in PMN were noted by the pathologist who were blind for the clinical status of the baby in NICU. Blood culture was taken as a gold standard for septicemia. The perinatal history, clinical profile and laboratory data were recorded and correlated in each case. Each hematological parameter was assessed for its individual performance and also with the culture-proven sepsis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated for each parameter and for different gestational ages. P value was also calculated for different parameters. Results: Among 150 babies evaluated for sepsis in NICU over a period of one year, Procalcitonin is observed as better early marker of neonatal sepsis over and CRP:- Procalcitonin in comparison with CRP: - Sensitivity was 97% Specificity was 59% PPV was 70% and NPV was 99.9%. With area under ROC curve being 0.915(p-value of 0.02) CRP in comparison with Procalcitonin: - Sensitivity was 75% Specificity was 75% PPV was 86% and NPV was 99%. With area under ROC curve being 0.769 (p- value 0.61). Conclusion: The sensitivities of the screening test namely C-reactive protein and Procalcitonin were found to be satisfactory in identifying neonatal sepsis. Comparing to Other test procalcitonin appears to be simple and feasible diagnostic tool although costly.
Managing Impressions Online: Self-Presentation Processes in the Online Dating Environment

This study investigates self-presentation strategies among online dating participants,exploring how participants manage their online presentation of self in order to accom-plish the goal of ﬁnding a romantic partner. Thirty-four individuals active on a largeonline dating site participated in telephone interviews about their online dating experi-ences and perceptions. Qualitative data analysis suggests that participants attended tosmall cues online, mediated the tension between impression management pressures andthe desire to present an authentic sense of self through tactics such as creating a proﬁlethat reﬂected their ‘‘ideal self,’’ and attempted to establish the veracity of their identityclaims. This study provides empirical support for Social Information Processing theoryin a naturalistic context while offering insight into the complicated way in which ‘‘hon-esty’’ is enacted online.doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006. 00020.x
An unfinished symphony: 21st century teacher education using knowledge creating heutagogies

Globalisation has changed the way most people live, work and study in the 21st century. Teachers and teacher educators, like other professionals, must embrace these changes to be effective in their jobs and one ongoing change is the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for lifelong learning. In this paper we describe how one group of academics in a university programme preparing new teachers has embraced change to introduce innovative programmes using ICTs and heutagogy rather than pedagogy. Heutagogy prepares students for the self-determined lifelong learning which is essential for survival in a 21st century world.
Incidence rates and clinical Symptoms of Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Shigella infections in China, 1998-2013.

INTRODUCTION The etiological and clinical characteristics of patients with infectious diarrhea have changed during the last decade in Shanghai. METHODOLOGY The records of 29,210 patients with infectious diarrhea in the outpatient department of the Jinshan Hospital (Shanghai, China) between January 1998 and December 2013 were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 2,849 samples were positive for intestinal pathogenic bacteria including Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2,489; 84.0%), Salmonella spp. (235; 8.3%), and Shigella spp. (125; 4.4%). V. parahaemolyticus infections are mainly characterized by abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, whereas Shigella spp. infections can, in addition, induce fever. In contrast, Salmonella infections can produce all of these symptoms but in a smaller percentage of patients. During the 16-year study, both the number of patients and the positive infection rate declined. Notably, the rate of infections by V. parahaemolyticus decreased while the detection rates of Salmonella spp. increased year by year from 2006 on with the introduction of a new detection method. CONCLUSIONS Salmonella has been identified as the third-most frequent cause of diarrhea from 1998-2006, as the second-most frequent cause from 2006-2010, and as the most frequent cause from 2011-2013, which was mainly due to a sharp decrease of V. parahaemolyticus infections in 2011-2013. Salmonella strains collected in 2011-2013 showed high susceptibility to imipenem (100%) and meropenem (100%), whereas susceptibilities for ampicillin (39%) and piperacillin (40%) were low.
Age distribution of antibodies to human papillomavirus in children, women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and blood donors from South Africa

Sera from 95 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 95 age‐matched female blood donors, and 155 children aged between 1 and 12 years were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for levels of serum IgG to three human papillomavirus (HPV) peptides (HPV‐16 E2 [E2‐16], HPV‐18 E2 (E2‐18], HPV‐16 L1 [L1‐16]), as well as HPV‐16 virus‐like particles (VLP‐16) and bovine papillomavirus type 1 virus‐like particles (BPV‐VLP). In the adult group antibodies to E2‐16 and VLP‐16 were significantly associated with CIN when compared to the blood donor controls (P = .039 and P = .002, respectively). In women with CIN there was an increase in seropositivity to E2‐16 and a decrease in seropositivity to VLP‐16 with age. Antibodies to HPV‐16 E2 could therefore be an important marker of CIN in women over 40 years of age, whereas antibodies to VLP‐16 could be a marker for CIN in younger women. There was no correlation with CIN and antibodies to E2‐18, L1‐16, and BPV‐VLP. In the children's sera antibodies were detected to E2‐16 (44.5%), E2‐18 (18.7%), L1‐16 (20%), VLP‐16 (4.5%), · and BPV‐VLP (5.1%). Between the ages of 3 and 12 years the prevalence of antibodies to E2‐16 decreased with age. The presence of antibodies to HPV‐16 in young children indicated infection with either HPV‐16 or a related virus. HPV DNA isolation from children could help resolve this question. J Med Virol 51:126–131, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perspective in parental coping with a chronically ill child: the case of cystic fibrosis.

In this article the utilization of Lazarus and Launier's theory on stress and coping is presented as a framework to analyze parents' responses to questionnaires concerning their perceptions of coping with a chronic illness, such as cystic fibrosis, in their child. Although the parents experienced degrees of stress in meeting the illness-related demands, they coped with it through the help of available resources and action-oriented and intrapsychic behaviors. Resources considered helpful included support from the family, assistance from the multidisciplinary team in the CF clinic, and contact with other parents in similar situations; an ability to focus on the positive aspects of the situation; and deep-seated beliefs of self-efficacy and the commitment to and love for the child. Coping behaviors consisted of efforts directed toward adhering to the treatment regimen and maintaining family stability. The latter coping behavior included a perception of normalization of the family. Implications for nursing pr.