Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochronological provinces of the Amazonian Craton

South America, is surrounded by Neoproterozoic orogenic belts and is divided into six major geochronological provinces: Central Amazonian — CAP (> 2.3 Ga); Maroni-Itacaiúnas — MIP (2.2–1.95 Ga); Ventuari-Tapajós — VTP (1.95–1.80 Ga); Rio Negro-Juruena — RNJP (1.8–1.55 Ga); Rondonian-San Ignácio — RSIP (1.55–1.3 Ga), and Sunsás — SP (1.3–1.0 Ga). Sr, Pb and Nd isotopic compositions of igneous and orthogneissic rocks from the AC show that a significant addition of new crustal material from the upper mantle occurs during the Paleoand Mesoproterozoic. The geochronological pattern indicated that the Archean protocraton of AC consisted formerly of independent microcontinents that were amalgamated by Paleoproteorozic orogenic belts, between 2.2 and 1.95 Ga. Part of the MIP and RSIP, and the whole of VTP and RNJP evolved by addition of juvenile magmas to the crust from 1.95 to 1.4 Ga, while the crustal evolution of SP and part of MIP and RSIP were associated with reworking of the older continental crust. No exposure of the Archean crust is known in RSIP and SP, and the Sm-Nd model ages of granitoids from those provinces indicate that the reworked crust was mostly derived from partial melting of Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic material, suggesting little or no involvement of the Archean crust in the southwestern portion of the AC.
Short Book Review: Motor Control, Learning and Development

INTRODUCTION The aim of this book is to provide a resource for undergraduates on sport and exercise science degrees that would also be useful to individuals taking sports coaching courses or training to be physical education teachers or physiotherapists. It is part of the Instant Notes Series and “provides an overview of the key theories, definitions, and measurements of motor control, leading to a discussion on how the human body learns to control movement and the development of motor skills” (back cover). The first author is Director of the Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Leeds, UK and her co-author and former student Sarah Astill is in the School of Health Professions and Rehabilitation Sciences at the University of Southampton, UK.
Lacustrine Derived Oil, New and Unique Evidences from the Nam Con Son Basin Vietnam

The Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia (VIM) depositional cycles, can be interpreted from proximal to distal from the Gulf of Thailand to Sarawak, highlighting the way VIM cycles help to clarify stratigraphic relationships and the nature of unconformities across the region (Morley 2015, Figure 1). The stratigraphic model proposed by Morley suggests that during Late Eocene-Early Oligocene a Lacustrine-Fluvial depositional environment represented by the Tien Cau/Early Cau Formation is present in the depocenter of the Nam Con Son Basin. However, this oldest section has been only partially penetrated and there is a substantial amount of sediment above the basement that has never been reached by any well.
Quantitative research on the water ecological environment of dam-controlled rivers: case study of the Shaying River, China

ABSTRACT To solve the contradiction between regulation and protection of the water ecological environment in a dam-controlled river, it is necessary to identify the main influencing factors of that environment and the interactions between the water quantity, quality and ecology. In this paper, the redundancy analysis (RDA) technique is used to identify the key influencing factors of water eco-environment in the Shaying River, China. The multivariate nonlinear quantization method is used to quantify the interactive relationship between water quantity, water quality and water ecology, and a quantitative model of the dam-controlled river eco-environment is constructed. The results show the relative importance of the various environmental factors. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index is used to assess phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos (P-SWI, Z-SWI and B-SWI, respectively). The R2 of the quantization models for P-SWI, Z-SWI and B-SWI in the fitting phase were 0.81, 0.72 and 0.66, respectively, and, in the validation phase, they were 0.36, 0.31 and 0.41, respectively. The results of this study can provide reference and support for the environmental regulation of dam-controlled rivers.
Cross-shelf transport and exchange between a temperate shelf sea and the North Atlantic Ocean

Shelf seas are relatively small regions. They account for 9% of the ocean's area and less than 0.5% of the ocean's volume (Simpson and Sharples, 2012). Despite their relatively small size shelf seas play a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. It is estimated that 20% of the global ocean annual primary production (Behrenfield et al., 2005) and 79% of the total CO2 oceanic intake occurs in shelf seas (Jahnke, 2010). The physics governing cross-shelf transport and exchange between the shelf and the ocean impact the shelf sea biogeochemical cycles. For instance, the NW European shelf is generally seen as a net carbon sink (Hartman et al., 2018) with carbon thought to be exported from the shelf into the ocean (Thomas et al., 2004; Painter et al., 2017). In addition, it is estimated that globally about 56-58% and 85-90% of the phosphorus and nitrogen required by shelf seas to maintain high productivity are supplied from the ocean (Liu et al., 2010). Therefore, understanding the mechanisms governing transport, both within the shelf and in shelf-ocean exchange, will help to better comprehend how the high productivity of shelf seas is supported and how export of shelf seas contributes to the global carbon cycles. This thesis focuses on the temperate and wide Celtic Sea, where it is unclear how nutrients supplied either at the shelf break or near the coast are transported into the interior of the shelf to sustain primary productivity or, conversely how carbon is exported from the shelf to drive net shelf sea absorption of atmospheric CO2. This research particularly focuses on the mechanisms supplying and transporting nutrients onto and across the Celtic Sea. Results indicate that throughout summer, due to wind-driven dynamics, nutrients are chiefly supplied from the North Atlantic onto the outer Celtic Sea and on the shelf, nutrients are advected across the shelf in the bottom mixed layer. At the shelf edge off-shelf export in the bottom layer was found to be negligible. In the interior of the Celtic Sea evidence of stratification being maintained by wind-driven advection of relatively high salinity waters in the bottom layer was observed in late-autumn 2014 and spring 2015.
Hybrid Urban Canyon Pedestrian Navigation Scheme Combined PDR, GNSS and Beacon Based on Smartphone

This study presents a comprehensive urban canyon pedestrian navigation scheme. This scheme combines smart phone internal MEMS sensors, GNSS and beacon observations together. Heading estimation is generally a key issue of the PDR algorithm. We design an orientation fusion algorithm to improve smart phone heading using MEMS measurements. Static and kinematic tests are performed, superiority of the improved heading algorithm is verified. We also present different heading processing solutions for comparison and analysis. Heading bias increases with time due to error accumulation and model inaccuracy. Thus, we develop a related heading calibration method based on beacons. This method can help correct smart phone headings continuously to decrease cumulative error. In addition to PDR, we also use GNSS and beacon measurements to integrate a fusion location. In the fusion procedure, we design related algorithms to adjust or limit the use of these different type observations to constrain large jumps in our Kalman filter model, thereby making the solution stable. Navigation experiments are performed in the streets of Mong Kok and Wanchai, which are typically the most crowded areas of Hong Kong, with narrow streets and many pedestrians, vehicles and tall buildings. The first experiment uses the strategy PDR + GNSS + beacon, in east–west orientation street, in which 10 m positioning error is improved from 30 % (smart phone internal GNSS) to 80 % and in south–north orientation street, in which 15 m positioning error is improved from 20 % (smart phone internal GNSS) to 80 % . The second experiment performs two long-distance tests without any beacons, in which the fusion scheme also has significant improvement, that is, 10 m positioning error is improved from 38 % to 60 % .
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Channels Draining Intact and Degraded Tropical Peat Swamp Forest

Degradation of tropical peat swamp forest (PSF) can destabilise the ecosystem carbon balance with significant amounts of carbon lost via drainage channels. Peat-draining channels are typically supersaturated with greenhouse gases and can constitute evasive hotspots within catchments, but losses by fluvial emissions have not yet been quantified for intact and degraded PSF. These fluvial emissions are presented in this study, which considers differences between land-use classes, across both wet and dry seasons, and how fluvial greenhouse gas fluxes were affected by a strong El Nino. Wet season CO2 emissions were ≤2-times higher than dry season emissions, for both land classes, with normal seasonal ranges of 3.36−4.67 and 2.58−3.13 g∙CO2-C∙m-2∙d-1 for the intact and degraded land classes, respectively. When scaled up, the intact and degraded PSF channels contributed less than a millionth, and <1%, of total CO2 flux, respectively, to landscape-scale ecosystem emissions. Radiocarbon dating of channel CO2 found that it was recently photosynthesised for the intact PSF, but the age of the degraded PSF CO2-C was 341−1655 BP, indicating that carbon from deep peat layers was being degraded. Diffusive CH4 fluxes from channels were ≤9−times higher in degraded PSF than in intact PSF, the ranges being 9.47−16.8 and 1.25−2.16 mg∙CH4-C∙m-2∙d-1, respectively. The El Nino event caused an anomalous water table drawdown which resulted in a state shift in the intact PSF whereby channels produced quantities of CH4 comparable to the degraded PSF; however, CH4 fluxes returned to normal afterwards, demonstrating ecosystem resilience. The El Nino also promoted the lowest and highest fluxes of CO2 and CH4, respectively, at both land classes. Channel emissions made a negligible contribution to total CH4 fluxes at the intact PSF, but channels at the degraded PSF, which cover 0.5% of the landscape, may have contributed ≤68% of the total landscape CH4 flux when ebullition estimates are included.
Why joint conservation and development projects often fail: An in-depth examination in the Peruvian Amazon

Conservation projects commonly claim to convert local people into long-term environmental stewards and improve their well-being. Yet, evidence frequently contradicts these win-win claims. The “multiple environmentalities” framework outlines distinct approaches that projects often use to foster environmental motivation and behavior: (1) neoliberal: constructing material incentives, (2) sovereign: imposing protective laws, and (3) disciplinary: fostering norms and values. We use a mixed method approach to examine how combinations of these environmentalities shape the land use motivations and behavior of 270 families living in 15 project settings in the Peruvian Amazon. We identify four direct reasons why these projects often fail to achieve their intended outcomes, regardless of the environmentalities employed: (1) self-selection of like-minded individuals, (2) limited ability of extrinsic motivators (i.e. material incentives and protective laws) to reduce reported deforestation behaviors, (3) limited internalization of motivations for conservation, and (4) ignored broader economic drivers of deforestation. We argue that these challenges stem from the typical external design of conservation projects based on fixed and limited interpretations of human motivation. Our findings point to the importance of deliberative processes that can support local and external actors to navigate and reframe competing motivations to co-design approaches to conservation governance at local and broader scales.
From Land to the Ocean: The Interplay Between Allochthonous and Autochthonous Contribution to Particles in Nepheloid Layers of the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

Lithogenic sediment input to the Cariaco Basin on the eastern Venezuelan shelf is controlled by small mountainous rivers (SMRs). The Cariaco Basin is also an area of high phytoplankton productivity as a result of strong Trade Wind‐driven coastal upwelling. Characterizing the sources that supply particulate organic carbon (POC) to the deep Cariaco Basin is important for interpreting the paleoclimate record stored in its sediments. We measured suspended POC in the four main rivers draining into the Caraiaco Basin, the Tuy, Unare, Neveri, and Manzanares, between September 2008 and September 2009 and conducted basin‐wide oceanographic cruises in September 2008 (rainy season) and March 2009 (upwelling season). Riverine concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and POC in the four rivers were comparable to observations made in similar tropical SMR systems (POC was between 0.3–2 mg C l−1; DOC was between 100–300 μM). Within the basin, the geochemical composition of surface particles and bottom nepheloid layers (BNLs) changed with season. During the rainy season, the isotopic composition of both surface particles and BNL was characteristic of continentally derived material (δ13Corg, approximately −30 to −26‰), while during upwelling, the composition shifted to values more typical of marine sources (δ13Corg, approximately −24 to −20‰). SMRs represent an important component of the global carbon budget, which are often overlooked in ocean carbon budgets and also in paleoclimate studies of coastal environments.
Occurrence and Control of Microbial Contaminants of Emerging Concern through the Urban Water Cycle: Molecular Profiling of Opportunistic Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance

In an era of pervasive water stress caused by population growth, urbanization, drought, and climate change, limiting the dissemination of microbial contaminants of emerging concern (MCECs) is of the utmost importance for the protection of public health. In this dissertation, two important subsets of MCECs, opportunistic pathogens (OP) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARG), are studied across several compartments of the urban water cycle, including surface water, stormwater, wastewater, recycled water, and potable water. Collectively, this dissertation advances knowledge about the occurrence of OPs and ARGs across these water systems and highlights trends that may be of value in developing management strategies for limiting their regrowth and transmission. Field studies of two surface water catchments impacted by stormwater runoff demonstrated the prevalence of ARGs in urban stormwater compared to pristine, unimpacted sites, or to days when no precipitation was recorded. The role of wastewater reuse in transmitting OPs and ARGs was also investigated. Traditional tertiary wastewater treatment plants producing water for nonpotable use were found to be largely ineffective at removing ARGs, but plants using advanced oxidation processes or ozonation paired with biofiltration to produce direct potable reuse water were highly effective at removing ARGs. Non-potable reclaimed water consistently had greater quantities of sul1, a sulfonamide ARG, and Legionella and Mycobacterium, two OPs of significant public health concern, present than corresponding potable systems. Limited regrowth of OPs and ARGs did occur in simulated premise (i.e., building) plumbing systems operated with direct potable reuse waters, but regrowth was comparable to that observed in systems fed with potable water derived from surface or groundwater. Advancements were also made in understanding the role of several hypothesized driving forces shaping the antibiotic resistome in natural and engineered water systems: selection by antimicrobials and other compounds, horizontal gene transfer, and microbial community composition. Finally, whole-genome and metagenomic characterization were applied together towards profiling L. pneumophila in clinical and water samples collected from Flint, Michigan, where an economically-motivated switch to an alternative water source created conditions favorable for growth of this organism and likely triggered one of the largest Legionnaires’ Disease outbreaks in U.S. history. Occurrence and Control of Microbial Contaminants of Emerging Concern through the Urban Water Cycle: Molecular Profiling of Opportunistic Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance
Usefulness of the 17-Plex STR kit for Bosnian mountain horse genotyping

In the present study modern technology of DNA extraction and automatic genotyping was applied in Bosnian and Herzegovinian autochthonous horse breed by using 17-Plex horse genotyping kit. The study was aimed at investigating usefulness of the 17-plex STR Kit for Bosnian mountain horse genotyping and establishing highly useful microsatellite markers system for genetic diversity studies in Bosnian mountain horse breed. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood collected from 22 unrelated Bosnian mountain horse specimens. A total of 95 alleles were detected. Average number of detected alleles per locus was 5.588, varying from 3 (HTG7) to 10 (ASB17). Average effective number of alleles was 3.603, fluctuating from 1.789 (HMS7) to 5.728 (HMS2). The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.136 (HMS3) to 0.909 (ASB2) with a mean of 0.631. The results indicate that the studied population originates from the appropriate number of parent generations. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.690, varying from 0.441 (HMS7) to 0.853 (ASB17) indicating high genetic variability within Bosnian mountain horse population. The PIC values ranged from 0.409 (HMS7) to 0.837 (ASB17) with a mean of 0.643, suggesting that 94.12% markers were quite informative in terms of their suitability for genetic diversity studies . The most polymorphic locus was HMS2 and the least polymorphic locus was HMS7. The inbreeding coefficient ranged from -0.030 (HMS7) to 0.807 (HMS3) with a mean of 0.077. Inbreeding coefficient values indicated no shortage of heterozygotes in Bosnian mountain horses. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0,05) was found in three loci (HTG10, HMS3 and ASB17). The applied set of 17 microsatellite markers proved to be sufficiently specific for use in genotyping of Bosnian mountain horse. Considering the values of HO, HEand PIC over 0.6, five microsatellite markers system (HTG4, AHT4, AHT5, ASB2, HMS2) is considered to be highly useful for genetic diversity studies in Bosnian mountain horse breed.
Biomedical and health research geography in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Background Measuring scientific outputs allows for objective evaluation of established health research systems and ranking countries according to scientific achievements. To our knowledge, attempts for systematic mapping health research output in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) are limited. Aims We aimed to conduct a detailed bibliometric analysis of EMR biomedical and health research productivity during the period 2004-2013, considering country of first author. Methods We applied an improved PubMed search strategy to obtain precise data on EMR research productivity, limiting articles to reviews, original research and case reports. Data were normalized to global research output, represented by total articles indexed in PubMed per year from 2004-2013, according to population size of each country. Second order polynomial trend lines were calculated and comparing 5-year periods: 2004-2008 with 2009-2013. Results Inspecting overall raw data, a clear increasing trend is observed. Regional share of global health related research ranged from 0.85-2.36% of total PubMed indexed publications during the study period. Five countries contributed to 80% of all published articles during study period; i.e., Islamic Republic of Iran (39%), Egypt (14%), Saudi Arabia (11%), Tunisia, and Pakistan (8% each). Overall, 2.35 articles are published per 100 000 population per year. While Kuwait maintained the highest per capita publication (followed by Tunisia, Lebanon, Qatar and Islamic Republic of Iran), Qatar, Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia demonstrated the highest "per capita" population growth in publications. Three academic institutions accounted for over 10% of all publications that were led by an investigator from the Region. Collectively, most prolific 25 EMR institutions published 44% of all published biomedical and health research in the EMR. Conclusions The overall global share of EMR health research publication is smaller than its global share of population or wealth. Biomedical and health research needs greater encouragement and supporting many EMR countries and/or institutions, especially those found to be least prolific in our analysis. The increase in academic publication on health has been more prominent in a few countries only. It is anticipated that the concentration of biomedical and health research in EMR academic institutions would help in translating knowledge into public health outcomes, if more suitable conditions are provided.
Effects of commercial otter trawling on benthic communities in the southeastern Bering Sea

The effects of commercial bottom trawling for yellowfin sole Limanda aspera on benthic communities were investigated in a sandy habitat exposed to high wave and tidal disturbance at 20–30 m depth in the southeastern Bering Sea. We compared an area that has been closed to commercial trawling for 10 years with an adjacent area that is now open to commercial trawling. In addition, we examined the immediate effects of experimental trawling on benthic community structure in the area closed to trawling. The fished area was characterized by reduced macrofauna density, biomass, and richness relative to the closed (unfished) area, but diversity was not different. Interannual variability of macrofauna assemblages was high in the system, yet assemblages in the two areas were distinguished using multivariate analyses and dominant taxa. After 10 years, sessile taxa (e.g., Maldanidae polychaetes) were prevalent in the closed area, and mobile scavengers (e.g., Lysianassidae amphipods) were more common in the fished area. Immediate responses of macrofauna to experimental trawling were subtle (i.e., reduced richness, absence of rare taxa, and patchy changes in assemblage biomass), but no differences were detected relative to controls for density, diversity, or total biomass. Fragile, structure-forming megafauna were rare. However, when trawled, they appeared mostly unaffected. Though we could not completely rule out other factors such as food supply from water column primary production, our results indicate that trawling altered macrofauna communities. Our findings also suggest that individual taxa respond differently to trawling but that commonly used summary measures such as total abundance do not capture these changes. Based on the functional attributes of individual taxa, hypotheses explaining different macrofaunal assemblages include bottom-up shifts caused by physical disturbance from trawling, altered benthic food webs from discards and processing waste, and top-down shifts caused by altered predator–prey interactions between Asterias amurensis and yellowfin sole. Stomach contents of yellowfin sole indicated that this flatfish did not target specific prey taxa; however, fishprocessing waste was prominent in its diet. More ecological and bioenergetic data are required to determine how changes in benthic communities are linked specifically to the productivity of yellowfin sole.