Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Segmental contributions to the ground reaction force in the single support phase of gait

Abstract. An inverse dynamics model for the single support (SS) phase of gait is developed to study segmental contributions to the ground reaction force (GRF). With segmental orientations as the generalized degrees of freedom (DOF), the acceleration of the body's center-of-mass is expressed analytically as the summation of the weighted kinematics of individual segments. The weighting functions are constants that are functions of the segment masses and center-of-mass distances. Using kinematic and anthropometric data from literature as inputs, and using the roll-over-shape (ROS) to model the foot-ground interaction, GRF obtained from the inverse model are compared with measured GRF data from literature. The choice of the generalized coordinates and mathematical form of the model provides a means to weigh individual segment contributions, simplify models and choose more kinetically accurate inverse dynamics models. For the kinematic data used, an anthropomorphic model that includes the frontal plane rotation of the pelvis in addition to the sagittal DOF of the thigh and shank most accurately captures the vertical component of the GRF in the SS phase of walking. Of the two ROS used, the ankle-foot roll-over shape provides a better approximation of the kinetics in the SS phase. The method presented here can be used with additional experimental studies to confirm these results.
New politics in Portugal: the rise and success of the left bloc

Cet article analyse l’emergence d’un parti post-materialiste au Portugal, en considerant l’evolution et le succes du Bloc de gauche (BE) depuis 1999. Selon la theorie postmaterialiste et structurelle, ce pays ne presente pas des conditions socio-economiques et institutionnelles favorables pour l’affirmation des parties de la «nouvelle politique». Toutefois, le BE a reussi a ameliorer sa performance electorale et influencer le debat et l’implementation des politiques post-materialistes. Cet article montre que ce succes est du principalement a deux elements: le role institutionnel que le parti a joue dans les premieres annees et l’importance du leader qui represente une ressource fondamentale pour l’adaptation strategique et la performance electorale du parti. Ces facteurs constituent une difference significative par rapport a les partis post-materialistes dans les democraties anciennes.
Synthesis of Cefixime and Azithromycin Nanoparticles: An Attempt to Enhance Their Antimicrobial Activity and Dissolution Rate

In this study cefixime and azithromycin nanoparticles were prepared by antisolvent precipitation with syringe pump (APSP) and evaporator precipitation nanosuspension (EPN) methods. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA. X-ray diffraction pattern of cefixime samples showed the amorphous form, while azithromycin samples showed crystalline form. The FTIR spectra of parental drugs and synthesized nanoparticles have no major structural changes detected. The SEM images showed that nanoparticles of both drugs have submicron sized and nanosized particles. TGA analyses showed that above 30C the decomposition of cefixime samples starts and their weight gradually decreases up to 600C, while, in case of azithromycin, 30C to 250C, very small changes occur in weight; from above 250C decomposition of the sample took place to a greater extent. The antibacterial activities of raw drugs and prepared samples of nanoparticles were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, E. coli, and Salmonella typhi by agar well diffusionmethod. Every time the nanoparticles samples showed better results than parental drugs. The dissolution rates of raw drugs and prepared nanoparticles were also determined. The results were always better for the synthesized nanoparticles than parental drug.
The Effects of Internet Use on Individual's Socialization Based on Personality Traits

Purpose: While it was found in some studies that the use of internet effects the socialisation of the individual positively in relation to the characteristics of the individual by alleviating the loneliness, it was found in some studies that the use of internet effects the socialisation of the individual negatively in relation to the characteristics of the individual by increasing the feeling of loneliness. The aim of this study is to investigate relation between using the internet and socialization process of individuals depending on their personality traits. The aim of this study is to investigate relation between using the internet and socialization process of individuals depending on their personality traits. Method: The sample of this study consists of 1411 individuals (979 females, 432 males). Data vere collected via the internet. The participants were administrered Socio-Demographic Information Form, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Short-Form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Online Cognition Scale. Findings: In the regression models which are designed to examine the effects of the subdimensions of the cognitive state on the internet scale over the subdimensions of the personality scale, positive effect of decreased impulse control (s=0.019) and the positive effect of distraction (s=0.039) over neuroticism are seen. There is a negative effect of distraction (s=-0.023) over extraversion subdimension of personality. There is a positive effect of social support (s=0.014) over psychoticism subdimension of personality. Discussion and Conclusion: The main hypothesis of the study personality is a mediator between online cognition and loneliness. So we constituted three different regression models to examine the effect of online cognition on loneliness, the effect of personality on loneliness and the effect of online cognition and personality on loneliness for this purpose. The results of these three separate regression models show that the personality is the moderator variable between decreased impulse control and loneliness. Furthermore, the results of the analyses show that the personality is the mediator variable between distraction and loneliness.
Autoxidation as a major player in the fate of terrestrial particulate organic matter in seawater

The Rhône River plays a major role in the Mediterranean Sea, being both its main freshwater source and its major particulate matter provider. This survey of the fate of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM) was conducted along the salinity gradient of the Rhône River plume, between 2012 and 2014. It revealed that autoxidation acts rapidly and intensely upon the POM's arrival at sea, with α‐amyrin and β‐amyrin autoxidation rates going from 12.9 ± 2.9% to 45.0 ± 6.4% and 10.7 ± 4.0% to 50.3 ± 4.4%, respectively, between fresh water (salinity 0) and seawater (salinity 38). These compounds, being unambiguous markers of the terrestrial origin of POM, allow us to unequivocally characterize the POM as terrestrial. While it was originally believed that a desorption of redox‐active trace metal ions was the favoring factor that kick‐started this intense autoxidation, this study evidences no trace metal desorption in the Rhône River mixing zone and hence no correlation between high autoxidation rates and the presence of trace metal ions. Autoxidation rates however were very well correlated with salinity levels within the river plume, with r2 reaching 0.801, 0.962, and 0.943 for sitosterol, α‐amyrin, and β‐amyrin, respectively, in November 2014.
Evolution and Dynamics of Tropical River Plumes in the Great Barrier Reef: An Integrated Remote Sensing and In Situ Study

[1] The short-lived but intense discharge of freshwater from tropical rivers into the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Lagoon and the associated salinity reductions are a critical consideration in marine research and management of the ecologically sensitive GBR World Heritage Area. Salinity provides a unique tracer that gives clues to the origin of river-borne contaminants and allows the influences of storm-induced resuspension and river discharge on turbidity to be clearly distinguished. We describe a field investigation of the evolution and dynamics of the Herbert River plume in the central GBR. Its primary goals were to use an airborne salinity mapper and in situ instruments to study the three-dimensional structure and evolution of the plume and to lay a foundation for numerical modeling studies of its dynamics. The aircraft surveys provided a rapid assessment of the plumes spatial extent, while the in situ data revealed details of its subsurface structure. The Herbert River plume was produced by heavy rainfall associated with tropical storms during the La Nina-dominated 1999/2000 monsoon season. In the near field, the surface expression of the plume boundaries was indicated by sharp color and salinity fronts that were clearly visible from the air and sea surface. In the far field and middle Lagoon, the plume was more dispersed and ultimately merged with the larger-scale salinity gradients and with the remnant plume of the more distant, and larger, Burdekin River. The plume location and structure evolved in response to changing river flows, tidal and subtidal circulation, and wind. Using Garvine's Kelvin number-based scheme, the plume was classified as intermediate in dynamical character and thus is subject to a variety of forcings. The plume evolved in response to changes in the relative intensity of tidal currents and low-frequency circulation due to wind and western boundary current forcing. It also displayed a characteristic “hook-shaped” structure, which has been identified previously in numerical plume model studies. This structure appeared in the presence of accelerating along-shelf current flow and horizontal shear and it indicates that the plume circulation had a strongly three-dimensional character. The approach demonstrates the efficacy of combining airborne and in situ methods to observe rapidly evolving coastal salinity structure and dynamics and sets the stage for future satellite-borne studies of larger-scale features showing contrasting salinity distributions.
Population III.1 and III.2 gamma-Ray Bursts: Constraints on the event rate for future radio and X-ray surveys

We calculate the theoretical event rate of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from the collapse of massive first-generation (Population III; Pop III) stars. The Pop III GRBs could be super-energetic with the isotropic energy up to $E_{\rm iso} \gtrsim 10^{55-57}$ ergs, providing a unique probe of the high-redshift Universe. We consider both the so-called Pop III.1 stars (primordial) and Pop III.2 stars (primordial but affected by radiation from other stars). We employ a semi-analytical approach that considers inhomogeneous hydrogen reionization and chemical evolution of the intergalactic medium. We show that Pop III.2 GRBs occur more than 100 times more frequently than Pop III.1 GRBs, and thus should be suitable targets for future GRB missions. Interestingly, our optimistic model predicts an event rate that is already constrained by the current radio transient searches. We expect $\sim10-10^4$ radio afterglows above $\sim$ 0.3 mJy on the sky with $\sim 1$ year variability and mostly without GRBs (orphans), which are detectable by ALMA, EVLA, LOFAR, and SKA, while we expect to observe maximum of $N 6$ for Pop III.2 and $N 10$ for Pop III.1 with EXIST, and $N 6$ with \textit{Swift}.
On the effect of temperature and velocity relaxation in two-phase flow models

We study a two-phase pipe flow model with relaxation terms in the momentum and energy equations, driving the model towards dynamic and thermal equilibrium. These equilibrium states are characterized by the velocities and temperatures being equal in each phase. For each of these relaxation processes, we consider the limits of zero and infinite relaxation times. By expanding on previously established results, we derive a formulation of the mixture sound velocity for the thermally relaxed model. This allows us to directly prove a subcharacteristic condition; each level of equilibrium assumption imposed reduces the propagation velocity of pressure waves. Furthermore, we show that each relaxation procedure reduces the mixture sound velocity with a factor that is independent of whether the other relaxation procedure has already been performed. Numerical simulations indicate that thermal relaxation in the two-fluid model has negligible impact on mass transport dynamics. However, the velocity dierence of sonic propagation in the thermally relaxed and unrelaxed two-fluid models may significantly aect practical simulations.
Comparison of polarimetric radar observations of tornadic supercells at S, C, and X bands

Early studies of tornadic supercell storms have relied heavily on weather radar and Doppler radar observations, which garnered invaluable information regarding the structure and airflow patterns within such storms. Microphysical research was limited, however, because conventional single-polarization radar measurements are inadequate for microphysical retrievals and most existing storm-scale models use simplified bulk parameterization schemes. Dual-polarization radar observations provide remarkable insight into the microphysics of severe convective storms. The use of radar signals at orthogonal polarizations reveals information about the size, shape, composition, orientation, and diversity of scatterers within the sampling volume. Recent research on tornadic supercells utilizing polarimetric radars has revealed distinct and intriguing signatures regarding storm evolution and severity, including the tornadic debris signature (TDS; Ryzhkov et al. 2002, 2005a), the low-level ZDR arc, ZDR and KDP columns, midlevel ZDR and ρHV rings, and the updraft signature (Kumjian and Ryzhkov 2008). Van Den Broeke et al. (2008) and Romine et al. (2008) have looked at the evolution of such polarimetric features in tornadic supercells in detail. Because of the advantages offered by polarimetric data, the upcoming VORTEX2 field campaign is expected to rely heavily on polarimetric measurements collected at S, C, and X bands (Markowksi 2008, personal communication). Studies have investigated polarimetric data at S, C, and X bands independently, but so far none have compared observations of tornadic supercells at three different radar wavelengths. Herein we investigate similarities and differences in the data from tornadic supercells at S band (from central Oklahoma), C band (from Enterprise, Alabama), and X band (from western Oklahoma and southwestern Kansas). Though a direct comparison of the same storm is not yet available, the consistent appearance of certain features in supercells allows for a unique analysis of microphysics enhanced with the indirect comparisons of these multiwavelength polarimetric data. The purpose of this paper is to highlight similarities and differences in polarimetric observations of tornadic supercells at various wavelengths and to raise important issues regarding data collection, quality, and interpretation that should be considered before embarking on the forthcoming field program. In the next section we briefly describe the radar systems and datasets that we employ in this study. Section 3 provides an analysis of the data and a discussion concerning its interpretation, problems, and other issues. We conclude with a brief summary and recommendations in Section 4.
Modification of heat cured acrylic resin by using additives to make a flexible acrylic resin denture base material: A pilot study

Aims: The study was conducted to modify heat cured acrylic resin denture base material with additives [flavoring agents (caramel, banana)], and plasticizer into a flexible heat cured acrylic resin as a Flexite thermoplastic material. Methods: One hundred ninety-five samples of heat cured acrylic resin (HCAR) that consist of control group and three types of additives with two concentrations 15%, and 20% [flavoring agents (caramel, banana)], and plasticizer dibutyl phthalate (DBP) addition to (HCAR) 20% group, plasticizer (DBP) addition to (HCAR) group, flavoring (caramel) addition to (HCAR) group, flavoring (banana) addition to (HCAR) group and flexite thermoplastic material group were prepared to examine tensile strength, water sorption, solubility, color change and dimensional accuracy. Results: Statistically significant differences were identified between groups with and without additives exhibited higher mean value of tensile strength of flexite thermoplastic group. Duncan's multiple range test, and ANOVA were done to evaluate the effect of additives against each additive, concentration and storage time of samples. The result showed that the dimensional accuracy, water sorption and solubility tests of the groups (caramel + plasticizer + heat cured acrylic resin) had statistically lower changes than other groups with additives but were still higher than control group and Flexite thermoplastic during seven days. They also showed color change between groups. The first group (caramel + plasticizer + heat cured acrylic resin) with the concentration of 20% showed lowest change in their properties when compared with the plasticizer group and the other groups of flavors additions (caramel and banana) after seven days and six months. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this research, it was concluded that all prepared samples with additives (caramel, banana, and plasticizer) have better properties than the control group except the Flexite thermoplastic group which showed to have a higher tensile strength than control group during the periods of two and seven days.
Recovering from Sudden Stops in Emerging Markets

This paper provides strong empirical evidence that recovery from emerging markets’ current account crises is accompanied by strong growth in nancial institutions together with domestic investment and savings. We document a bimodal distribution of post-crisis economic performance. In economies that quickly recover to their pre-crisis peak levels of per capita output, strong per capita investment, credit, deposit and consumption growth accompany the output growth. Other economies simply do not recover from their crises. We show that a simple open economy model with a stylized banking sector can account for the key features of both of these types of episodes when subjected to transitory and permanent total factor productivity shocks.
Is Healthy Lifestyle a Science Education Topic? – Study of a Healthy Way of Life, Beverages and Meal Choices among Primary School Children

A healthy lifestyle is a somewhat neglected science topic in the field of science education. In order to provide a more nuanced understanding of young people’s decision-making, this study examines 138 primary school students (from 9 to 12 years old from Maribor, Slovenia) and their decisions regarding a healthy way of living, consumption of liquids and meal choices. A questionnaire with close type questions for pupils served as the research instrument. The results show that an important shift towards an unhealthy way of life, such as more TV-watching, skipping breakfast and drinking more sweet carbonated beverages, is already occurring in the early teenage period and is more distinct in boys, who choose more salty and sweet snacks than girls. The paper provides suggestions for improving the current situation, which can be particularly affected by the school’s use of beverage machines and even more through the hidden curriculum and the way of life in school, including the relevant selection of food and beverages; the suggestions include the engagement of student emotions, which could serve as potential motivators to raise the level of interest in science.
THE EFFECTS OF SEX, TERRAIN, WILDFIRE, WINTER SEVERITY, AND MATERNAL STATUS ON HABITAT SELECTION BY MOOSE IN NORTH-CENTRAL ALASKA

Habitat selection is a central component of the ecology of individual animals as it affects body condition, survivorship, and reproductive output. We instrumented male and female moose ( Alces alces ) in north-central Alaska with GPS radio-collars to assess factors we hypothesized were important to their habitat selection. Using synoptic modeling techniques, we found that models with more covariates were better predictors of moose habitat selection than more simplistic models. As expected, moose selected for habitats with high canopy cover and/or that typically have abundant forage such as 11-30 year old burned areas. However, we detected differences in habitat selection between sexes, seasons (i.e., winter versus summer), during winters of varying severity, and females with differing maternal status. During winter males moved to lower elevation areas, presumably to avoid greater snow depths, whereas females remained at relatively similar elevations. Females selected burned habitat and areas that received higher amounts of solar radiation. We found that all moose selected for lower elevation habitats closer to rivers during moderate and severe winters, but elevation was not a strong influence during mild winters. We found that females with calves avoided riparian habitats and selected areas with more forested habitat than females without calves during both summer and winter. This suggests a trade-off between maximizing forage intake and reducing predation risk for their offspring. Our and similar data are useful to improve moose management strategies and provide a benchmark against which the impacts of climate change and industrial development are assessed in this rapidly-changing region.
We report on a search for correlations between terrestrial gamma ray flashes ( TGFs ) detected by the Fermi Gamma ‐ ray Burst Monitor ( GBM ) and lightning strokes measured using the World Wide Lightning Location Network

[1] We report on a search for correlations between terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) detected by the Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and lightning strokes measured using the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). We associate 15 of a total 50 GBM‐detected TGFs with individual discharges. We establish the relative timing between the TGF and the lightning stroke to an accuracy of <50 ms, and find that in 13 of these 15 lightning‐TGF associations, the lightning stroke and the peak of the TGF are simultaneous to ∼40 ms. This suggests that a large fraction of TGFs are coincident with lightning discharges. The two nonsimultaneous associations do not show a consistent TGF‐lightning stroke temporal sequence. All 15 associations are with sferics within 300 km of the subspacecraft position. For those TGFs not correlated with a particular lightning stroke, we find storm activity within 300 km of the subspacecraft position in all but four of the TGFs. For three of these four TGFs, we find storm activity very close to one of the magnetic footprints of the spacecraft position. We associate the subspacecraft TGFs with gamma ray events and the footprint events with electrons traveling along magnetic field lines before hitting the Fermi spacecraft.
Age Determination of Trachinotus ovatus (L.) based on Otolith Weight

Age determination of fish, from a population having a considerable variation in size at age, has been investigated using the relationship between otolith weight (Wo) and fish length (Lf), which has been described by many authors to be influenced by growth rate. In such a population of Trachinotus ovatus (L.), an index of age can be obtained for individual fish by estimating the equivalent otolith weight (W e ) at a particular fish length (L f ) and the appro- priate value of modal length (Lm), using the otolith weight-fish length relation- ship determined for each age group. This index of age can be calculated from the formula: W e = 0.29 (L m - L f ) + W o It is concluded that this model not only permits a much greater proportion of fish to be assigned ages than is possible with otolith alone, but also enables these age groups to be verified as year classes.