Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Home hazards and falls in the elderly: the role of health and functional status.

OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to determine whether vigorous and frail older people who identify environmental hazards in their homes have an increased risk for falls. METHODS A 1-year prospective study was conducted among 266 female and 59 male community-dwelling volunteers aged 60 to 93 years who had fallen at least once during the previous year. Composite measures of home safety and of frailty were derived using principal components analysis. Participants were divided into vigorous and frail groups, and associations between baseline home safety measures and falls at home over the follow-up year were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Frail individuals were more than twice as likely as vigorous individuals to fall during follow-up (rate ratio [RR] = 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54, 3.27). In the study group as a whole, falls were not strongly associated with the presence of home hazards. However, when compared with vigorous older persons living with fewer home hazards, vigorous older persons living with more home hazards were more likely to fall. The increased risk for falls among vigorous elderly was limited to falls where home hazards were present. By contrast, living with more home hazards was not associated with increased likelihood of falls among frail older persons. CONCLUSIONS While frail older persons experience higher overall fall rates, vigorous older persons should not be overlooked in fall prevention projects.
Accidental Self-Strangulation in a Young Child—A Case Report and Review

The accidental self-strangulation of a child of 3 years is described. This is an unusual occurrence and has, in this case, resulted from a particular group of circumstances. The features of the case are presented and asphyxial deaths in youg children are reviewed. The dangers of loose wires, cords or other potential ligatures in or adjacent to sleeping or play areas is emphasized. That a relatively small amount of force is required to asphyxiate a child appears to be confirmed by this case.
3D printing and metalization methodology for high dielectric resonator waveguide microwave filters

This paper presents a novel approach to manufacture and metalize a standard waveguide microwave filter, with a high dielectric resonator inserted in it. As a first step, a set of 3D-printed ABS plastic filaments have been measured, to establish their electrical properties and suitability for microwave design. Subsequently, a new commercial silver conductive lacquer has been tested to metalize a standard hollow WR-90 waveguide, printed by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique. This lacquer furnishes acceptable conductivity and proper shielding of the electromagnetic fields inside the structure, operating among microwave frequencies. In parallel, a special thin pellet, chemically synthesized, has been investigated and fabricated. This small cylindrical rod behaves like a high dielectric resonator, that has been employed to design a highly selective waveguide microwave filter, paving the road to the implementation of a novel class of microwave components and systems.
Ester Prodrugs of Ketoprofen: Synthesis, Hydrolysis Kinetics and Pharmacological Evaluation

Abstract The ester prodrugs of ketoprofen with various naturally available antioxidants; menthol, thymol, eugenol, guiacol, vanillin and sesamol have been synthesized by the dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) coupling method, purified and characterized by spectral data. Further, their, partition coefficients have been determined as well as, hydrolytic studies performed. The synthesized compounds are more lipophilic compared to the parent moieties and are stable in acidic environment, which is a prerequisite for their oral absorption. Under gastric as well as intestinal pH conditions these prodrugs showed variable susceptibility towards hydrolysis. The title compounds when evaluated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic activities and ulcerogenicity, showed improvement over the parent drug.
Pengaruh Biaya Produksi, Pengalaman, Dan Keterampilan Terhadap Pendapatan Usahatani Kakao (Theobroma cacao) Di Kecamatan Karang Baru Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh biaya produksi, pengalaman, dan keterampilan terhadap pendapatan usahatani kakao (Theobroma cacao) di Kecamatan Karang Baru Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Karang Baru Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang Provinsi Aceh. Objek penelitian ini adalah petani yang memiliki usahatani kakao di Kecamatan Karang Baru Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini terbatas pada biaya produksi, pengalaman, dan keterampilan terhadap pendapatan usahatani kakao di Kecamatan Karang Baru Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang, Hasil penelitian rata-rata umur petani sampel di desa sampel adalah 42 tahun, pendidikan 8 tahun, pengalaman sebesar 16 tahun dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga sebanyak 5 orang. Rata-rata jumlah penggunaan biaya produksi usahatani kakao di Kecamatan Karang Baru sebesar Rp 611.460 per usahatani dan Rp 462.080 per hektar. Rata-rata jumlah pendapatan usahatani petani kakao di Kecamatan Karang Baru yaitu Rp. 37.937. 349 per usahatani dan Rp 28.534. 255 per hektar. Rata-rata tingkat keterampilan usahatani petani kakao di Kecamatan Karang Baru sebesar 2,6 skor. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda diperoleh persamaan yaitu sebagai berikut: Y = 5,01 - 0,45 X1 + 0,06 X2 + 0,10 X3. Dari koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa besar koefisien determinasi (R2) dihasilkan nilai R2 = 0,53 atau 53%. Ini berarti pendapatan petani dalam berusahatani kakao (Y) dipengaruhi oleh biaya produksi (X1), pengalaman (X2), dan keterampilan (X3) sebesar 53% dan sisanya sebesar 47% lagi dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain diluar variabel penelitian ini. Hasil pengujian secara serempak diperoleh bahwa secara serempak variabel tingkat biaya produksi, pengalaman, dan keterampilan memberi pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap pendapatan petani dalam berusahatani kakao. Hasil pengujian secara parsial pada variabel biaya produksi (X1) , variabel pengalaman (X2) dan variabel keterampilan (X3) tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan usahatani kakao.
Relationship of bispectral index to minimum alveolar concentration during isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane anaesthesia

Objective To determine bispectral index (BIS) values produced by equipotent concentrations of commonly used volatile anaesthetics. Methods Female patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to receive isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane anaesthesia. After induction, anaesthesia was maintained by the volatile agent at 1 minimum alveolar concentration and supplemented with remifentanil infusion. BIS values were recorded during 1 h surgical anaesthesia after a 15 min equilibrium phase. Results Time-averaged BIS value during the study period was significantly lower in the desflurane group (n = 29) than the sevoflurane group (n = 27) (37.0 ± 4.9 vs 41.5 ± 5.9). Duration of deep hypnosis (BIS < 40) was significantly longer in the desflurane group than the sevoflurane group (40.2 ± 20.7 vs 24.3 ± 22.5 min). There were no significant differences in any parameter between the isoflurane group (n = 27) and any other group. Conclusions Desflurane produces a greater hypnotic effect than sevoflurane during equipotent anaesthesia. Management of volatile anaesthesia using predetermined minimum alveolar concentration targets can lead to an unnecessarily long duration of deep hypnosis.
Exploring young people's expectations and experiences of discussing sexual and relationship health with professionals in a children's hospital.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore young people's expectations and experiences of discussing sexual and relationship health with healthcare professionals whilst attending or having been admitted to an acute children's hospital. BACKGROUND Sexual health and teenage pregnancy are topics of debate in the context of public health. Programmes that provide sexual and relationship education to young people are often delivered in education and/or community health settings. However, a significant proportion of young people access acute health services, yet the literature on acute service providers opportunistically providing sexual and relationship advice to young people is limited. DESIGN Survey. METHODS One hundred young people attending either an outpatient appointment or being discharged following an in-patient episode on a hospital ward were approached to complete a questionnaire. Discussion of the questionnaire findings was undertaken with a group of eight young people, which enriched the interpretation and provided clarity of the findings. RESULTS The topic of sexual and relationship health was important to young people. Although young people infrequently sought advice when in acute settings, they wanted to know there was a choice to discuss these issues with healthcare professionals in the hospital. Young people suggested that professionals needed to have a level of sensitivity and confidence to be able to initiate sexual and relationship discussions with young people. CONCLUSION The information from the questionnaires and the discussion group highlighted that young people feel they need to know there is an option to discuss sexual and relationship health whilst attending or being admitted to an acute children's hospital. By giving young people a choice to participate or decline in dialogues about sexual and relationship health, a degree of empowerment and level of respect can be encouraged between young people and healthcare professionals. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare professionals need to be mindful of opportunities to engage young people in maximising their health and well-being, this includes providing them with a choice to discuss sexual and relationship health issues in any health setting.
The DRD4 receptor Exon 3 VNTR and 5′ SNP variants and mRNA expression in human post‐mortem brain tissue

Genetic variation within the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders and behavioral traits. This variation includes the extensively studied exon 3 variably numbered tandem repeat (VNTR), and several 5′ polymorphisms including a120‐bp duplication and two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms at −521 C/T (rs1800955) and −616 C/G (rs747302). Several reports have provided evidence for a functional role for some of these variants using in vitro techniques. This study investigated the functionality of these polymorphisms in 28 human post‐mortem brain tissue samples by quantifying DRD4 mRNA expression in relation to genotype. No statistically significant relationship between genotype and mRNA expression levels was found for these four polymorphisms although a weak trend toward the 7‐repeat of the exon 3 VNTR reducing DRD4 mRNA expression was found. Employing post‐mortem brain tissue, rather than using in vitro techniques may provide a more relevant paradigm to study functional effects of reported risk alleles. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low Receipt and Uptake of Safer Conception Messages in Routine HIV Care: Findings From a Prospective Cohort of Women Living With HIV in South Africa

Background:Safer conception strategies may be used by people living with HIV to reduce HIV transmission to partners resulting from condomless sex for conception. The extent to which people living with HIV receive safer conception messages and use risk reduction strategies is largely unknown. Methods:We use prospective data from a clinic-based cohort study in Johannesburg, South Africa. Women living with HIV (WLWH) aged 18–35 on antiretroviral therapy (n = 831) completed a baseline survey and ≥1 follow-up visits assessing fertility intentions and pregnancy incidence; an endline survey was administered 1 year postenrollment. Multivariate negative binomial regression models examined differences in the number of condomless sex acts by fertility intentions. Chi-squared statistics compared receipt of safer conception messages by fertility intentions and indicators of safer conception method use by partner HIV status. Results:The median baseline age of participants was 30.4 years and 25.3% were in serodiscordant partnerships. WLWH trying to conceive were over 3 times more likely to have condomless sex compared with those not trying to conceive (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 3.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.95 to 5.16). Receipt of specific safer conception messages was low, although women with positive fertility intentions were more likely to have received any fertility-related advice compared with those with unplanned pregnancies (76.3% vs. 49.1%, P < 0.001). Among WLWH trying to conceive (n = 111), use of timed unprotected intercourse was infrequent (17.1%) and lower in serodiscordant vs. concordant partnerships (8.5% vs. 26.9%, P = 0.010). Conclusions:These findings suggest that clinic and patient-level interventions are needed to ensure that WLWH receive and use safer conception strategies.
Eye health promotion in Western Pacific island countries

dence of a systemic primary carcinoma and with no recurrence of orbital tumour. Primary orbital SCC is previously unpublished (OVID Medline search from 1950 to August week 4 2010 using search terms: primary, orbital and squamous cell carcinoma yielded 90 results, none of which described a case of primary orbital SCC). However, Peckinpaugh et al. presented three cases of isolated orbital SCC; one case developing metastatic disease and dying 19 months after diagnosis, the other two surviving their follow up of 33 months and 18 months. The patient surviving 33 months of follow up received systemic chemotherapy in addition to local radiotherapy received by all the patients. In our case the clinical course was slow with symptoms developing over 18 years before the patient presented, more in keeping with a meningioma; however, histology including immunohistochemistry did not support this diagnosis. Orbital SCC is generally considered to be either metastatic or a result of local invasion; however, in the case presented there was no evidence of another site during 6 years of follow up after the patient received only local radiotherapy. Rootman described perineural invasion of small or cryptic primary SCC into the orbit. This patient’s initial and prolonged symptoms of altered sensation in the trigeminal nerve dermatome may lend weight to this aetiology. Thirty-five per cent of patients with an orbital metastasis have an unknown primary at diagnosis. However, in their study Char et al. describe a dismal prognosis quoting a median survival of 1.3 years due to disseminated disease. Two cases of orbital SCC following retinal detachment surgery have been described with implantation of conjunctival epithelium into the orbit and subsequent malignant change suggested as the proposed mechanism. In conclusion, we present a case of isolated orbital SCC treated successfully with orbital radiotherapy.
Influence of N-linked glycans in V4-V5 region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein gp160 on induction of a virus-neutralizing humoral response.

One of the functions of N-linked glycans of viral glycoproteins is protecting otherwise accessible neutralization epitopes of the viral envelope from neutralizing antibodies. The aim of the present study was to explore the possibility to obtain a more broadly neutralizing immune response by immunizing guinea pigs with gp160 depleted of three N-linked glycans in the CD4-binding domain by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutant and wild type gp160 were formulated into immunostimulating complexes and injected s.c. into guinea pigs. Both preparations induced high serum antibody response to native gp120 and V3 peptides. Both preparations also induced antibodies that bound equally well to the V3 loop or the CD4-binding region, as determined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sera from animals, immunized with mutated glycoprotein, did not neutralize nonrelated HIV strains better than did sera from animals, immunized with wild type glycoprotein. Instead, a pattern of preferred homologous neutralization was observed, i.e., sera from animals, immunized with mutant gp160, neutralized mutant virus better than wild type virus, and vice versa. These data indicated that elimination of the three N-linked glycans from gp160 resulted in an altered local antigenic conformation but did not uncover hidden neutralization epitopes, broadening the immune response.
A NEUROLOGICAL STUDY OF HAND FUNCTION OF HEMIPLEGIC CHILDREN

Twenty‐five children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy between the ages of five and 15 years were examined in more detail, using a torque generator motor. A significant reduction in distal power, fatiguability and speed of movement was found on the hemiplegic side. Proximal power was relatively well preserved. Muscle tone, as would be expected, was significantly increased on the affected side and this was demonstrated by a significant rise in measured resonant frequency. Phasic spasticity in response to stretch was found on EMG to be much more common than phasic and tonic combined. Hand function correlated well with the loss of distal power and speed of movement. There was wide individual variation in the relationship between increased muscle tone and hand function. Thixotropy was normal in spastic muscles. Use of the unaffected hand had a marked effect on muscle tone and EMG of the affected side.
Write Error Rate and Read Disturbance in Electric-Field-Controlled Magnetic Random-Access Memory

We report experimental results on write error rate and read disturbance as a function of read/write pulse width and amplitude in electric-field-controlled magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Results are shown for 50 nm perpendicular MTJs. We also design and simulate the performance of a 256 kilobit (Kbit) magneto-electric random-access memory (MeRAM) macro in a 28 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, based on the measured MTJ device data. The results show that existing electric-field-controlled MTJs are capable of delivering write error rates below <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{-9}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for 10 ns total write and verify time and read disturbance below <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{-16}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> for 2 ns read time in a 256 Kbit MeRAM array.
Strategic and Tactical Business-IT Alignment Barriers in Organizations Acting in Sweden

In research, many barriers to BITA are presented based on different theoretical frameworks. However, these barriers are studied either from a pure theoretical perspective or with limited empirical scope. This consequently hinders the achievement of BITA in organizations. In this article the practitioners view of barriers to BITA are investigated aiming at producing a list of barriers which practitioners can use as a ground for better achievement of BITA. The list of barriers was identified by conducting three in-depth case studies on multinational organizations acting in Sweden along with two focused group discussions of researchers, and followed by a survey on 74 large and medium sized organizations on the Swedish market. The result of this study is a list of 45 barriers to BITA from the perspectives of business and IT practitioners.
Starting and Maintaining Smoking: A Qualitative Study of Tobacco Use in High School Students

Despite the detrimental impact of smoking to health, its prevalence remains high. Most students who smoke start to do so regularly around the age of 16-18. Although the proportion of smokers in Latvia is decreasing, the share of electronic cigarette users among young people is growing prematurely, which indicates a change of habits among young people. The aim of the study is to investigate the motives for starting smoking, the factors that contribute to smoking initiation and how high school students become “regular smokers” from “trying” tobacco products. In February 2019, two focus group discussions were organized to obtain information on young people's smoking experience. In each of them, high school students (aged over 18) and students took part. The participants of the focus group discussion were chosen by the “snowball” method. Social factors and the social and psychological characteristics of adolescents have a major impact on the transition from the first cigarette smoked by peers to regular smoking. According to the study, so-called social smoking is prevalent among young people, where smoking is one of the elements of starting and maintaining a relationship, and the smoker himself feels that he is not addicted to smoking and does not think it is necessary to quit.
Amino Acid Substitutions at Position 190 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Increase Susceptibility to Delavirdine and Impair Virus Replication

ABSTRACT Suboptimal treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) often results in the rapid selection of drug-resistant virus. Several amino acid substitutions at position 190 of reverse transcriptase (RT) have been associated with reduced susceptibility to the NNRTI, especially nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV). In the present study, the effects of various 190 substitutions observed in viruses obtained from NNRTI-experienced patients were characterized with patient-derived HIV isolates and confirmed with a panel of isogenic viruses. Compared to wild-type HIV, which has a glycine at position 190 (G190), viruses with 190 substitutions (A, C, Q, S, V, E, or T, collectively referred to as G190X substitutions) were markedly less susceptible to NVP and EFV. In contrast, delavirdine (DLV) susceptibility of these G190X viruses increased from 3 to 300-fold (hypersusceptible) or was only slightly decreased. The replication capacity of viruses with certain 190 substitutions (C, Q, V, T, and E) was severely impaired and was correlated with reduced virion-associated RT activity and incomplete protease (PR) processing of the viral p55 gag polyprotein. These defects were the result of inadequate p160 gagpol incorporation into virions. Compensatory mutations within RT and PR improved replication capacity, p55 gag processing, and RT activity, presumably through increased incorporation of p160 gagpol into virions. We observe an inverse relationship between the degree of NVP and EFV resistance and the impairment of viral replication in viruses with substitutions at 190 in RT. These observations may have important implications for the future design and development of antiretroviral drugs that restrict the outgrowth of resistant variants with high replication capacity.