Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance And Preference of Response Scales For Semantic Differentials in Auditory Perception Among University Students

It is known that response scales are critical for achieving the quality of the responses. A unipolar 11-point numerical scale in accordance with ISO/TS 15666:2003 has been widely used for assessing auditory perception both indoors and outdoors, as well as for field assessments and psychoacoustic research. However, in many disciplines, a visual analogue scale has been used for more in-depth academic purposes. This study aims to compare the performance and preference of two response scales, a bipolar visual analogue scale, and a unipolar numeric scale, for semantic differentials in auditory perception using a web-based device. Two different response scales were compared in five acoustic stimuli (background noise level of 38 dBA, water sounds and traffic noise of 42 and 61 dBA, respectively) with two repeated measurements. Both response scales were acceptable for their performance of reliability and sensitivity. However, the bipolar visual analogue scale was more reliable than the unipolar 11-point numerical scale in repeated measurements, and the unipolar 11-point numerical scale was more sensitive than the bipolar visual analogue scale in distinguishing subtle differences between sound sources. The bipolar visual analogue scale was obviously preferred by participants. The choice of semantic adjectives is a critical prerequisite for determining response scales for auditory perception. In summary, a unipolar visual analogue scale is proposed for assessing auditory perception for psychoacoustic research purposes for young educated adults.
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: AN EXPLORATION OF RELUCTANCE AMONG PRACTITIONERS.

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PENGARUH KESESUAIAN INDIVIDU-ORGANISASI PADAKREATIVITAS KARYAWAN DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASISEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMEDIASI(Studi Pada Karyawan UMKM Konfeksi Di Kabupaten Jepara)

Kreativitas karyawan merupakan suatu hal yang dimiliki karyawan yang mampu menciptakan keunggulan kompetitif bagi organisasi. Kreativitas karyawan dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu kesesuaian individu-organisasi dan komitmen organisasi. Karyawan yang memiliki kesesuaian individu-organisasi tinggi akan mampu menstimulus komitmen organisasi sehingga akan mampu meningkatkan keativitas yang dimiliki oleh karyawan UMKM konfeksi di Kaupaten Jepara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kesesuaian individu-organisasi pada kreativitas karyawan dengan komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel pemediasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan UMKM konfeksi di Kabupaten Jepara berjumlah 923. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Sampel yang ditetapkan sebanyak 279 responden dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin. Tingkat pengambilan kuesioner sebanyak 100% dengan kuesioner yang digunakan dan diolah dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 279 responden. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis regresi, dan analisis jalur (path analysis). Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis secara parsial menunjukkan, bahwa ada pengaruh langsung kesesuaian individu-organisasi pada kreativitas karyawan, tada pengaruh kesesuaian individu-organisasi pada komitmen organisasi, ada pengaruh komitmen organisasi pada kreativitas karyawan, komitmen organisasi dapat memediasi keadilan prosedural pada perilaku kewargaan organisasional. Sehingga, H1 didukung, H2 didukung, H3 dan H4 didukung. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu kesesuaian individu-organisasi berpengaruh positif pada kreativitas karyawan. Kesesuaian individu-organisasi berpengaruh positif pada komitmen organisasi. Komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif pada kreativitas karyawan, dan mampu memediasi hubungan kesesuaian individu-organisasi pada kreativitas karyawan. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menguji variabel mediasi yang berbeda pada model penelitian ini seperti perilaku kewargaan organisasional.
How the machine ‘thinks’: Understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms

This article considers the issue of opacity as a problem for socially consequential mechanisms of classification and ranking, such as spam filters, credit card fraud detection, search engines, news trends, market segmentation and advertising, insurance or loan qualification, and credit scoring. These mechanisms of classification all frequently rely on computational algorithms, and in many cases on machine learning algorithms to do this work. In this article, I draw a distinction between three forms of opacity: (1) opacity as intentional corporate or state secrecy, (2) opacity as technical illiteracy, and (3) an opacity that arises from the characteristics of machine learning algorithms and the scale required to apply them usefully. The analysis in this article gets inside the algorithms themselves. I cite existing literatures in computer science, known industry practices (as they are publicly presented), and do some testing and manipulation of code as a form of lightweight code audit. I argue that recognizing the distinct forms of opacity that may be coming into play in a given application is a key to determining which of a variety of technical and non-technical solutions could help to prevent harm.
Ice Thickness and Bed Elevation of the Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields

The Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields are the largest ice masses in the Southern Hemisphere outside Antarctica, but their ice volume and bed topography are poorly known. Here, we combine airborne gravity data collected in 2012 and 2016, with radar data from the Warm Ice Experiment Sounder and Centro de Estudios Científicos's to map bed elevation and ice thickness in great detail. We perform a 3‐D inversion of the gravity data constrained by radar‐derived thickness and fjord bathymetry to infer bed elevation at 500‐m spacing, with a precision of about 60 m. We detect deep glacial valleys with ice thickness exceeding 1,400 m and sectors below sea level on the western branch of Glaciar Pio XI, Occidental, between San Rafael and Colonia, and near Fitz Roy. We calculate an ice volume of 4,756 ± 923 km3 for Northern Patagonia Icefield and Southern Patagonia Icefield, or 40 times the volume of glaciers in the European Alps.
Development of an Indigenously Made Diesel Fired Crucible Furnace

The technological advancement of any nation have been influenced and uplifted by the extent to which it can usefully harness and convert its mineral resources. The productions of metal in foundries and in all human lives have become a general practice. This work deals with the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of a diesel-fired crucible furnace suitable for use both in the rural and urban areas for casting of different types of metals using indigenously sourced materials and technology. The components of furnace were furnace casing, crucible, furnace cover, burner housing, furnace cover stand, base stand and burner. Mild steel sheet was used for the fabrication of the furnace, while the other components needed for the design were selected based on functionality, durability, cost and local availability. Experimental tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the furnace. The average heating rate of 19.54°C/min was recorded by the furnace and attained a temperature as high as 1420 °C. The furnace also had a melting rate of 454.55g/min for Aluminium. The thermal efficiency of the furnace was determined to be 10.80%. The low value was as result of the large energy wastage due to the type of insulator used in making the furnace wall. The furnace is environmental friendly without health hazards to the workers and can be moved from one place to another unlike the local one.
Language anxiety and achievement

This chapter considers the literature on language learning anxiety in an effort to clarify the relationship between anxiety and second language learning. It will first argue that language anxiety is a specific anxiety — rather than a trait anxiety — and discuss how this conceptualization has helped clarify the research literature. After Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986) proposed that a specific anxiety construct which they called Foreign Language Anxiety was responsible for students' uncomfortable experiences in language classes and offered an instrument, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), to measure this anxiety, findings concerning anxiety and language achievement have been relatively uniform, indicating a consistent moderate negative relationship between anxiety and achievement. However, some researchers (Sparks and Ganschow and their colleagues) have suggested that poor language learning is a cause rather than a result of language anxiety. This review concludes that anxiety is indeed a cause of poor language learning in some individuals and discusses possible sources of this anxiety, including difficulty in authentic self-presentation and various language teaching practices. In addition, it reports on new trends in language anxiety research that attempt to identify aspects of language learning (e.g., reading anxiety or writing anxiety) which provoke anxiety for some individuals.
PARALLELISM-ENERGY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MULTICORE SYSTEMS

Modern multicore systems consist of multiple on-chip cores supported by offchip shared resources such as memory and I/O devices. Scaling the performance in the multicore era requires programs to expose sufficient parallelism such that their execution consists of overlapping activities on both on-chip and off-chip resources. But too much overlap might trigger contention for the shared resources, extending the response time of the application. On the other hand, the performance of many multicore systems is increasingly constrained by either a power or an energy budget. Thus, in the multicore era, analyzing the performance of an application requires understanding of how the application parallelism is mapped to hardware parallelism, and how its exploitation affects the execution time and the energy usage. This thesis proposes a hybrid measurement–analytical modeling approach for analyzing the performance of shared-memory applications on multicore systems. For a given application we predict the impact of the number of cores and core clock frequency on the parallelism and energy performance on traditional x64 and emerging low-power ARM multicore systems. The proposed parallelism model captures the overlap between response times of cores, memory and I/O devices to predict both the amount of parallelism exploited and the parallelism lost due to data dependency, memory contention and network I/O overhead. Based on the parallelism model and a static power characterization of a multicore system, our proposed energy model predicts the power and energy use of a program. In contrast to previous approaches that rely on instrumentation of the program source or binary code, our model uses non-intrusive inputs such as the size of the OS run-queue, hardware events counters and external power measurements. Validation against direct measurements of applications covering HPC, financial analysis, multimedia and datacenter computing on four UMA and NUMA multicore systems shows an average relative model error of around 6-13%. A number of key insights are drawn using our approach. First, for memoryor I/O-bounded problems, allocating large number of cores increases energy usage and may also increase execution time due to resource contention among cores. Second, balancing the core and memory resources by selecting an appropriate number of cores and clock frequency can reduce the energy by up to 27% even on an ARM Cortex-A9 system. Third, we show that more energy savings can be achieved on datacenter workload memcached when balancing the cores, memory and I/O resources of a system by improving bottlenecked resources, rather than by turning off under-utilized resources. In summary, we show that balancing system resources is key to reducing the energy usage of an application, and this is achieved by improving the hardware performance, rather than by lowering the power usage.
Stress Exposure and Psychological Well-being: Study on Beginning Teacher

A beginning teacher is someone who has just started his/her career as a teacher or someone who has just graduated from college and is working as a teacher. This transition from student to worker (as a teacher) is a critical period since it is often associated with stress (Dicke et al., 2015; Smith and Ingersoll 2004). This study examines the relationship between stress exposure (seen from stress exposure in class and outside class) and the psychological well-being of beginning teachers (seen from work enthusiasm and emotional exhaustion). This study is conducted on 325 beginning teachers of senior high schools in Malang as samples collected using a random sampling technique. The data are analyzed by using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that stress exposure in class and outside class has negative effect on work enthusiasm but, on the other hand, had positive effect on emotional exhaustion. This shows that stress exposure has significant effects on beginning teachers’ psychological well-being.
On the impact of on-chip inductance on signal nets under the influence of power grid noise

It has been well recognized that the impact of on-chip inductance on some critical nets, such as clock nets, is significant and can not be ignored in delay modeling for these nets. However the impact of on-chip inductance on signal nets in general is still not well understood. We present results of analyzing inductive effects on signal nets for ultra-deep submicron technologies. The analysis is based on a Al-based 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process and a Cu-based 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The impact of on-chip inductance is shown to be insignificant if we assume a perfect power supply network around the interconnect routes. Otherwise, the impact of on-chip inductance can be significant. Furthermore, the results presented in this paper illustrate the impact of on-chip inductance one would expect from transitioning from an Al-based interconnect technology to a Cu-based interconnect technology.
Determination of Radon Concentration and Annual Effective Dose Inside Houses in Left Side of Mosul City During Winter

In this study, radon concentration, annual effective dose, potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC), and average of lung cancer per million persons from radon were measured using (closed can technique) containing CR-39 nuclear track detector. Measurements were carried during winter season inside twenty four hoses in eight locations in the left side of Mosul City. The average radon concentration ranged between (52.97±5.315 to 74.98±5.433) Bq.m -3 with an average value (62.36±7.518) Bq.m -3 which is much lower than the recommended by ICRP action level (200-600) Bq.m -3 . The results showed that the potential alpha energy concentration ranged between (5.71×10 -3 ±0.566 ×10 -3 to 8.11×10 -3 ±0.586 ×10 -3 ) WLM with an average value (6.7×10 -3 ±0.820×10 -3 ) WLM, while the annual effective dose ranged between (1.34±0.134 to 1.89±0.137) mSvy -1 with an average value (1.57±0.189) mSvy -1 . It is observed that this value less than the recommended levels (3-10) mSvy -1 reported by ICRP. The average lung cancer cases per year per million persons were found to be 28.3±3.404, there were no induction of existence of radon problems in this survey.
Online Consumer Typologies and Their Shopping Behaviors in B2C E-Commerce Platforms

Consumer behavior in e-commerce platforms is one of the extensively researched area. Numerous studies in this field assessed consumer online shopping behavior from various aspects. However, literature review showed that most of the conducted studies do not carry out market segmentation analysis while accessing shopping behavior of online consumers. Therefore, the general conclusions made by these studies about consumer attitude, behavior, and decision-making process might not reflect actual behaviors of different consumer segments. In contrast to previous studies, this study initially carried out psychographic market segmentation analysis and found four different online consumer segments. Later, shopping behavior of each determined segment was assessed by using the developed behavior evaluation model. Findings of this study provide important information to e-retailers about the behavioral characteristics of each consumer segment. E-retailers can utilize this study findings to effectively allocate their marketing resources and design more successful marketing mix for each consumer segment.
Impact of Different Levels of Guar Gum on Quality and Texture Profile (TAXT-2 Texture Analyser) of Noodles Fortified with Pearl Millet Flour

Noodles are made from unleavened dough that has been shaped into thin flat strips or round cylinders and cooked in a boiling liquid. In the present investigation noodles were prepared by using the wheat flour, pearl millet flour and impact of varying levels of guar gum as stabilizer and thickener on quality attributes of noodles were studied. The physical attributes such as colour, cooking yield, cooking loss and pH were determined. Further, the chemical parameters moisture, carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash and minerals content were analysed. Texture profile analysis of noodles incorporated with different levels of guar gum was also studied using TAXT2 plus the result revealed that the hardness was found to be decreased from 110.02 g to 105.98g and cohesiveness and gumminess were increased, slight difference was noted for the tensile strength where as the elasticity was found to be decreased with increasing the level of guar gum. Finally, it would be concluded that highly acceptable noodles can be prepared by using 87% wheat flour, 10% pearl millet, 2% salt, 1% baking powder and 2% level of guar gum (G2).
The Impact of Soft-Skills Training for Entrepreneurs in Jamaica

A randomized control trial with 945 entrepreneurs in Jamaica shows positive shortterm impacts of soft-skills training on business outcomes. The effects are concentrated among men, and disappear twelve months after the training. We argue that the main channel is increased adoption of recommended business practices, exclusively observed in the short run. We see persistent effects on an incentivized behavioral measure of perseverance after setbacks, a focus of this training. We compare a course focused only on soft-skills to one that combines soft-skills training with traditional business training. The effects of the combined training are never statistically significant. Keywords: Business Training, entrepreneurship, soft skills JEL Codes: J24, L25, M13, O12
What about the non-legal facts: Revising Allen and Pardo’s analytical distinction between law and fact

This paper deals with the distinction between law and fact. In the article ‘The myth of the law-fact distinction’ (Allen and Pardo, 2003a), Ronald Allen and Michael Pardo argue that there is no ontological, epistemological or analytical distinction between law and fact. Instead, they claim that the distinction ought to be understood pragmatically, by considering whether the judge or jury is in the best position to decide the question. The problem with this is that it does not add to the understanding. In a soon-forgotten passus they suggest that the distinction is between legal and non-legal facts, rather than between law and fact. In this paper I revise the article by Ron and Pardo and make an argument in favour of the distinction between legal and non-legal facts. The notion of ‘legal’ and ‘non-legal’ underlines the fact that the dichotomy is relevant specifically from a legal point of view. In the legal context different consequences apply to law and fact, the same is not true in a non-legal context.
Using network properties to evaluate targeted immunization algorithms

Immunization of complex network with minimal or limited budget is a challenging issue for research community. In spite of much literature in network immunization, no comprehensive research has been conducted for evaluation and comparison of immunization algorithms. In this paper, we propose an evaluation framework for immunization algorithms regarding available amount of vaccination resources, goal of immunization program, and time complexity. The evaluation framework is designed based on network topological metrics which is extensible to all epidemic spreading model. Exploiting evaluation framework on well-known targeted immunization algorithms shows that in general, immunization based on PageRank centrality outperforms other targeting strategies in various types of networks, whereas, closeness and eigenvector centrality exhibit the worst case performance.
On stretch factors of pseudo-Anosov maps

Author(s): Pankau, Joshua Charles | Advisor(s): Long, Darren | Abstract: In 1974, Thurston proved that, up to isotopy, every automorphism of closed orientable surface is either periodic, reducible, or pseudo-Anosov. The latter case has lead to a rich theory with applications ranging from dynamical systems to low dimensional topology. Associated with every pseudo-Anosov map is a real number $\lambda g 1$ known as the \textit{stretch factor}. Thurston showed that every stretch factor is an algebraic unit but it is unknown exactly which units can appear as stretch factors. Though this question remains open, we provide a partial answer by showing a large class of units are obtainable as stretch factors using a construction due to Thurston. We will show that every Salem number has a power that is the stretch factor of a pseudo-Anosov map arising from Thurston's construction, and then we will use the techniques to generalize to a much larger class of units. We also show that every totally real number field $K$ is of the form $K = \mathbb{Q}(\lambda + \lambda^{-1})$, where $\lambda$ is the stretch factor of a pseudo-Anosov map arising from Thurston's construction. Finally, we develop a new method of constructing closed orientable surfaces from positive integer matrices that will be crucial to proving the above results.
Multi-Step Transition in Housing Provision and Progressivedevelopment of Urban Settlements: Case of Davao City, Philippines

vii Declaration ix Acknowledgements xi List of Abbreviations xiii List of Figures xv List of Tables xix List of Publications xxi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background to the study 1 1.2 The problem 3 1.3 The hypothesis 7 1.4 Research questions 9 1.5 Aims and method 9 1.6 Significance of the research project 10 1.7 Scope and limitations 11 1.8 Definition of terms 12 1.9 Structure of the thesis 13 PART A: Informal Housing: Phenomenon, Policy, and Citizen Participation Chapter 2: Informal Housing and Urbanisation in Developing Countries 17 2.