Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AdGraph: A Machine Learning Approach to Automatic and Effective Adblocking

Filter lists are widely deployed by adblockers to block ads and other forms of undesirable content in web browsers. However, these filter lists are manually curated based on informal crowdsourced feedback, which brings with it a significant number of maintenance challenges. To address these challenges, we propose a machine learning approach for automatic and effective adblocking called AdGraph. Our approach relies on information obtained from multiple layers of the web stack (HTML, HTTP, and JavaScript) to train a machine learning classifier to block ads and trackers. Our evaluation on Alexa top-10K websites shows that AdGraph automatically and effectively blocks ads and trackers with 97.7% accuracy. Our manual analysis shows that AdGraph has better recall than filter lists, it blocks 16% more ads and trackers with 65% accuracy. We also show that AdGraph is fairly robust against adversarial obfuscation by publishers and advertisers that bypass filter lists.
Worst-Case Range Value-at-Risk with Partial Information

In this paper, we study the worst-case scenarios of a general class of risk measures, the Range Value-at-Risk (RVaR), in single and aggregate risk models with given mean and variance, as well as symmetry and/or unimodality of each risk. For different types of partial information settings, sharp bounds for RVaR are obtained for single and aggregate risk models, together with the corresponding worst-case scenarios of marginal risks and the corresponding copula functions (dependence structure) among them. Different from the existing literature, the sharp bounds under different partial information settings in this paper are obtained via a unified method combining convex order and the recently developed notion of joint mixability. As particular cases, bounds for Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Tail Value-at-Risk (TVaR) are derived directly. Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate our results.
Hepatoprotective Potentials Of Hibiscus rosasinensis Petal anthocyanin Extracts Against Carbon tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Damage in Wistar Rats.

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is haloalkane that possesses a hepatotoxic effect. Material and Methods: The impact of anthocyanin fractions obtained from Hibiscus rosasinensis petal on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)  induced acute liver damage in wistar rats was studied using a combination of alanine transferase (ALT) activity value and liver: body weight gain ratio as indices. Results: CCl4 treatment significantly increased both ALT value and the liver: body weight gain ratio at the 1% probability level when compared with the control values. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with the anthocyanin fractions reduced the levels of these markers and hence, the degree of liver damage, though with varying potentials. The lead precipitated, non  slimy red fraction possessed the greatest protective property on the rat liver when compared with the other anthocyanin fractions so tested. Keywords : Anthocyanin, carbon tetrachloride, alanine transferase, Hibiscus rosasinensis , liver damage. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 3 (1) 2008: pp. 33-36
ANKARA İLİNDEKİ VETERAN ATLETLERİN BESLENME BİLGİ VE ALIŞKANLIKLARININ SAPTANMASI

Calismanin amaci; Ankara ilinde bulunan veteran atletlerin, beslenme aliskanliklarini ve beslenme bilgi duzeylerini saptamaktir. Veteran 32 atlet uzerinde yapilan calismada, sporcularin %84.4’unun erkek, %15.6’sinin kadin oldugu saptanmistir. BKI (Beden Kutle Indeksi) siniflamasina gore, katilimcilarin %75’i normal vucut agirligina sahip, bel cevresi ortalamalari kadin ve erkek icin sirasiyla; 77.6 ± 8.5 cm, 86.0 ± 8.7 cm’dir. Meslekleri farkli olan sporcular arasinda, BKI degerleri acisindan anlamli bir farklilik saptanmamasina karsin (F=0.97, p=0.46), sayica spora katilimi fazla olan emekli bireylerde BKI degerlerinin dusuk oldugu belirlenmistir. Sporcularin % 75’i doktor tarafindan teshis edilen herhangi bir hastaliklari olmadigini belirtmistir. Genclik doneminde herhangi bir spor dali ile ugrastigini soyleyenler, % 59.4 oranindadir. Sporcularin, %28.1’i ergojenik urun kullandigini, kullananlarin ise %55.6’si vitamin-mineral tableti, %44.4’u ise yag yakici ve kas kutlesini artirici urun kullandiklarini belirtmistir. “Musabaka oldugu gunlerde beslenmenizde degisiklik yapar misiniz? ” sorusuna, sporcularin %81.3’u “evet” cevabini vermistir. %43.8’i yagli yiyeceklerden uzak durarak karbonhidratli besinler tukettigini, %31.3’u hafif yemekler tercih ettigini, %6.2’si ise vitamin ve mineral icerigi yuksek besinler tukettigini belirtmistir. Beslenme bilgilerini saptamak amaciyla yoneltilen sorulara beklenen yaniti verenlerin fazla olmasi olumlu bir bulgudur. Besin tuketim analizinde, enerji alimlari veteran bir atlet icin yeterli olmasina karsin, enerjinin makro besin ogelerine dagiliminda dengesizlik (karbonhidrat tuketimi yetersiz, yag tuketimi fazla) oldugu saptanmistir
Culture, Institutions, and the Gender Gap in Competitive Inclination: Evidence from the Communist Experiment in China

Can government policy change competitive preferences? This study compares behaviour in a controlled lab setting across three ethnic groups to examine the effect of communist institutional reforms that have radically changed the lives of women in China in the areas of marriage, education, work, and fertility on the gender gap in competitive inclination. Results suggest that exogenously imposed marriage reforms, in particular, may be effective in increasing female competitive inclination, although they do not eliminate the gender gap in all cultural contexts. Confounders are minimized by ensuring subjects are of the same age, live in the same small geographical area, have similar demographics and socioeconomic status, are genetically closely related, and attend the same high school where they have similar academic performance.
Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism in rats: Effects on body weight and histological characteristics of thyroid gland

Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of methimazole treatment on the body weight and thyroid gland structure in rats. Methimazole given as 0.02% solution in drinking water for three weeks induced significant decline in T4 and T3 levels, as determined by radioimmunoassay. The body weight gain was lowered compared to control animals, while thyroid weight was increased. Histological examination of the thyroid gland revealed a pronounced growth activation of the follicular epithelial component with frequent mitoses, accompanied with improved vascularisation. We assumed that the lower body weight gain despite decreased basal metabolic rate and similar food ingestion can be a result of brown adipose tissue activity.
Human Capital and the Middle Income Trap: How Many of China's Youth are Going to High School?

The objective of this paper is to assess the nature of China's human capital. To achieve our objective, we both measure the share of the labor force that has attained upper secondary schooling levels (high school) as well as examine recent trends of 15â€“17 year olds who are attending high school. Using two sets of national representative data, we are able to show that, while the human capital of China's labor force is still low (30%), between 2005 and 2015 the share of rural youth who attended high school rose sharply. According to Ministry of Educationâ€“reported statistics, in 2015 87% of 15â€“17 year olds were attending high school, up from around 50% in 2005. Given the recent pronouncements of the government to make high school universal by 2020, the challenges for the education system are to increase the attendance of rural as well as vocational education and training students.
Na-carbonate waters of extreme composition:Possible origin and evolution

Na-carbonate (NaCW) waters are not concentrated in well defined areas, but usually widespread in areas where other water types (e.g., Ca-carbonate) are dominant. NaCW are the product of long-term water-rock interaction with dissolution of Na-silicates in presence of phyllosilicates, silica phases, and calcite. NaCW circulating in calcite-bearing sediments very probably have a Ca-carbonate parent with moderate to low PCO2, which changes its composition assuming increasing Na character as the water-rock interaction proceeds. However, the moderate to low PCO2 values of the potential parent Ca-carbonate waters do not account for the high Na content of many NaCW. The higher PCO2 required may be due to oxidation of organic matter of the sediments and, perhaps, to further addition of CO2 coming from deeper crustal levels, from the mantle, or from other sources. Na-Ca exchange involving a Na-exchanger could be an alternative genetic hypothesis. At present, however, at least for some areas (e.g., Northern Apennines, Italy), this hypothesis is not supported by mineralogical evidence.
Raman spectRoscopy suppoRted by optical methods of examination foR the puRpose of diffeRentiating blue gel pen inks

This paper presents the results of analysis of 17 blue gel inks (of different brands) deposited on a paper surface. The studies were carried out using a RENISHAW Raman Spectroscope equipped with three sources of excitation – lasers of wavelengths 514, 633 and 785 nm. Measurements of Raman spectra were performed in the spectral range 400–2000 cm–1. The studied samples were arranged in 136 pairs, in order to check separately for each of them whether it is possible to differentiate them on the basis of comparing Raman spectra. The obtained results allowed us to calculate the discriminating power of Raman spectroscopy for each of the applied sources of excitation and overall for this technique. Identification of the pigments making up the studied inks was also carried out, at the same time analysing the changes in intensity of the main bands of Raman spectra of these pigments depending on the wavelength of the excitation light. It was established that Raman spectroscopy is a highly effective method in the analysis of blue gels, because thanks to good repeatability of the obtained spectra and a low level of noise, it is possible to distinguish them even on the basis of single bands of relatively low intensity and also to identify bands which do not originate from the main chromatic components. In the case of samples that were not differentiated by this technique, additional optical analyses were applied, using a Leica stereoscopic microscope and a VSC 2000 HR spectral comparator. It was ascertained that several of them could already be differentiated by microscopic observation at 10–20× magnification. However, analysis of absorption and luminescence in infrared did not provide further solutions.
Positron scattering and annihilation on noble-gas atoms

Positron scattering and annihilation on noble-gas atoms is studiedabinitio using many-body theory methods for positron energies below the positronium formation threshold. We show that in this energy range, the many-body theory yields accurate numerical results and provides a near-complete understanding of the positron-noble-gas atom system. It accounts for positron-atom and electron-positron correlations, including the polarization of the atom by the positron and the nonperturbative effect of virtual positronium formation. These correlations have a large influence on the scattering dynamics and result in a strong enhancement of the annihilation rates compared to the independent-particle mean-field description. Computed elastic scattering cross sections are found to be in good agreement with recent experimental results and Kohn variational and convergent close-coupling calculations. The calculated values of the annihilation rate parameter Zeff (effective number of electrons participating in annihilation) rise steeply along the sequence of noble-gas atoms due to the increasing strength of the correlation effects, and agree well with experimental data.
The effect of iodopovidone versus bleomycin in chemical pleurodesis

Background Malignant pleural effusion continues to be a common problem in patients with metastatic disease. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of bleomycin pleurodesis with povidone-iodine pleurodesis through a chest drain as palliative treatment for recurrent malignant pleural effusion. Methods Sixty cancer patients (36 males and 24 females) with recurrent malignant pleural effusion were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial. Thirty patients received povidone-iodine pleurodesis and 30 received bleomycin pleurodesis. Age, sex, side of the primary pathology, treatment outcome (recurrence and relapse time), and complications were analyzed. Results The mean age was 59.63 ± 7.68 years in the povidone-iodine group and 57.97 ± 9.27 years in the bleomycin group (p = 0.452). The complications were identical in both groups: 2 (6.7%) patients had chest pain, 2 (6.7%) had fever, and one (3.3%) had hypotension. There was a good response to therapy in 20 (66.7%) patients in the bleomycin group and 25 (83.3%) in the povidone-iodine group (p = 0.136). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that povidone-iodine should be considered as a selective chemical agent to perform pleurodesis in patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion because it has the same effect but costs less than bleomycin.
Segregation of Brain Structural Networks Supports Spatio-Temporal Predictive Processing

The ability to generate probabilistic expectancies regarding when and where sensory stimuli will occur, is critical to derive timely and accurate inferences about updating contexts. However, the existence of specialized neural networks for inferring predictive relationships between events is still debated. Using graph theoretical analysis applied to structural connectivity data, we tested the extent of brain connectivity properties associated with spatio-temporal predictive performance across 29 healthy subjects. Participants detected visual targets appearing at one out of three locations after one out of three intervals; expectations about stimulus location (spatial condition) or onset (temporal condition) were induced by valid or invalid symbolic cues. Connectivity matrices and centrality/segregation measures, expressing the relative importance of, and the local interactions among specific cerebral areas respect to the behavior under investigation, were calculated from whole-brain tractography and cortico-subcortical parcellation. Results: Response preparedness to cued stimuli relied on different structural connectivity networks for the temporal and spatial domains. Significant covariance was observed between centrality measures of regions within a subcortical-fronto-parietal-occipital network -comprising the left putamen, the right caudate nucleus, the left frontal operculum, the right inferior parietal cortex, the right paracentral lobule and the right superior occipital cortex-, and the ability to respond after a short cue-target delay suggesting that the local connectedness of such nodes plays a central role when the source of temporal expectation is explicit. When the potential for functional segregation was tested, we found highly clustered structural connectivity across the right superior, the left middle inferior frontal gyrus and the left caudate nucleus as related to explicit temporal orienting. Conversely, when the interaction between explicit and implicit temporal orienting processes was considered at the long interval, we found that explicit processes were related to centrality measures of the bilateral inferior parietal lobule. Degree centrality of the same region in the left hemisphere covaried with behavioral measures indexing the process of attentional re-orienting. These results represent a crucial step forward the ordinary predictive processing description, as we identified the patterns of connectivity characterizing the brain organization associated with the ability to generate and update temporal expectancies in case of contextual violations.
Illumination discrimination in the absence of a fixed surface-reflectance layout

Previous studies have shown that humans can discriminate spectral changes in illumination and that this sensitivity depends both on the chromatic direction of the illumination change and on the ensemble of surfaces in the scene. These studies, however, always used stimulus scenes with a fixed surface-reflectance layout. Here we compared illumination discrimination for scenes in which the surface reflectance layout remains fixed (fixed-surfaces condition) to those in which surface reflectances were shuffled randomly across scenes, but with the mean scene reflectance held approximately constant (shuffled-surfaces condition). Illumination discrimination thresholds in the fixed-surfaces condition were commensurate with previous reports. Thresholds in the shuffled-surfaces condition, however, were considerably elevated. Nonetheless, performance in the shuffled-surfaces condition exceeded that attainable through random guessing. Analysis of eye fixations revealed that in the fixed-surfaces condition, low illumination discrimination thresholds (across observers) were predicted by low overall fixation spread and high consistency of fixation location and fixated surface reflectances across trial intervals. Performance in the shuffled-surfaces condition was not systematically related to any of the eye-fixation characteristics we examined for that condition, but was correlated with performance in the fixed-surfaces condition.
HyPlag: A Hybrid Approach to Academic Plagiarism Detection

Current plagiarism detection systems reliably find instances of copied and moderately altered text, but often fail to detect strong paraphrases, translations, and the reuse of non-textual content and ideas. To improve upon the detection capabilities for such concealed content reuse in academic publications, we make four contributions: i) We present the first plagiarism detection approach that combines the analysis of mathematical expressions, images, citations and text. ii) We describe the implementation of this hybrid detection approach in the research prototype HyPlag. iii) We present novel visualization and interaction concepts to aid users in reviewing content similarities identified by the hybrid detection approach. iv) We demonstrate the usefulness of the hybrid detection and result visualization approaches by using HyPlag to analyze a confirmed case of content reuse present in a retracted research publication.
European climate change at global mean temperature increases of 1.5 and 2 °C above pre-industrial conditions as simulated by the EURO-CORDEX regional climate models

Abstract. We investigate European regional climate change for time periods when the global mean temperature has increased by 1.5 and 2 °C compared to pre-industrial conditions. Results are based on regional downscaling of transient climate change simulations for the 21st century with global climate models (GCMs) from the fifth-phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We use an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations undertaken at a computational grid of 12.5 km horizontal resolution covering Europe. The ensemble consists of a range of RCMs that have been used for downscaling different GCMs under the RCP8.5 forcing scenario. The results indicate considerable near-surface warming already at the lower 1.5 °C of warming. Regional warming exceeds that of the global mean in most parts of Europe, being the strongest in the northernmost parts of Europe in winter and in the southernmost parts of Europe together with parts of Scandinavia in summer. Changes in precipitation, which are less robust than the ones in temperature, include increases in the north and decreases in the south with a borderline that migrates from a northerly position in summer to a southerly one in winter. Some of these changes are already seen at 1.5 °C of warming but are larger and more robust at 2 °C. Changes in near-surface wind speed are associated with a large spread among individual ensemble members at both warming levels. Relatively large areas over the North Atlantic and some parts of the continent show decreasing wind speed while some ocean areas in the far north show increasing wind speed. The changes in temperature, precipitation and wind speed are shown to be modified by changes in mean sea level pressure, indicating a strong relationship with the large-scale circulation and its internal variability on decade-long timescales. By comparing to a larger ensemble of CMIP5 GCMs we find that the RCMs can alter the results, leading either to attenuation or amplification of the climate change signal in the underlying GCMs. We find that the RCMs tend to produce less warming and more precipitation (or less drying) in many areas in both winter and summer.
Bilingual Sentiment Embeddings: Joint Projection of Sentiment Across Languages

Sentiment analysis in low-resource languages suffers from a lack of annotated corpora to estimate high-performing models. Machine translation and bilingual word embeddings provide some relief through cross-lingual sentiment approaches. However, they either require large amounts of parallel data or do not sufficiently capture sentiment information. We introduce Bilingual Sentiment Embeddings (BLSE), which jointly represent sentiment information in a source and target language. This model only requires a small bilingual lexicon, a source-language corpus annotated for sentiment, and monolingual word embeddings for each language. We perform experiments on three language combinations (Spanish, Catalan, Basque) for sentence-level cross-lingual sentiment classification and find that our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods on four out of six experimental setups, as well as capturing complementary information to machine translation. Our analysis of the resulting embedding space provides evidence that it represents sentiment information in the resource-poor target language without any annotated data in that language.
Glycemic Control and Associated Factors among Type II DiabeticPatients on Chronic Follow up at Southwest Ethiopia

Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders that affect the body’s ability to process and use glucose for energy. Type-II diabetes mellitus results from the combination of resistance to insulin action and inadequate insulin secretion. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases among adults. Good glycemic control reduces the risk of diabetic complications. Despite this, achieving good glycemic control remains a challenge in diabetic patient. Objective: Purpose of our study was to assess glycemic control and associated factors among type II diabetic patients on chronic follow-up at Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Materiald and methods: Hospital-based cross sectional study design was conducted. Patients’ information such as socio-demographic characteristics, medication adherence was obtained through interviews. Structured questionnaire was used for patient interview and card reviews from February to March 2017. A total of 174 patients with type II diabetes were included for the final analysis using SPSS 20. Statistical significance was set at P 10 years) of the disease, having low monthly income, and lack of regular follow up were significantly associated with poor glycemic control.