Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Further morphological characters for a phylogenetic classification of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera).

Die Autoren diskutieren sieben Merkmale, die sie bei phylogenetischen Analysen in der Familie Noctuidae fur nutzlich erachten und die im Schrifttum bislang vernachlassigt wurden. Diese Merkmale sind (1.) die mikroskopische und submikroskopische Struktur der Russelspitze, (2.) die Struktur des mannlichen subcostalen Retinaculum, (3.) der Verlauf des mannlichen Genitalmuskels 4, (4.) die Auspragung des dorsalen Phragma am zweiten Abdominalsegment, (5.) das Vorhandensein von sklerotisierten Leisten auf den abdominalen Tergiten und Sterniten, (6.) das Vorkommen von praeabdominalen Pinsel-Organen sowie (7.) Modifikationen der inneren weiblichen Genitalien. Mit Hilfe dieser Merkmale werden Argumente fur die Monophylie der Camptolominae + Chloephorinae + Sarrothripinae + Nolinae und fur die Monophylie einer Gruppe, die aus den sog. 'trifinen' Noctuiden, den Bryophilinae und moglicherweise auch den Acronictinae und Pantheinae besteht, vorgetragen.
A Multireference-Based Whole Genome Assembly for the Obligate Ant-Following Antbird, Rhegmatorhina melanosticta (Thamnophilidae)

Current generation high-throughput sequencing technology has facilitated the generation of more genomic-scale data than ever before, thus greatly improving our understanding of avian biology across a range of disciplines. Recent developments in linked-read sequencing (Chromium 10×) and reference-based whole-genome assembly offer an exciting prospect of more accessible chromosome-level genome sequencing in the near future. We sequenced and assembled a genome of the Hairy-crested Antbird (Rhegmatorhina melanosticta), which represents the first publicly available genome for any antbird (Thamnophilidae). Our objectives were to (1) assemble scaffolds to chromosome level based on multiple reference genomes, and report on differences relative to other genomes, (2) assess genome completeness and compare content to other related genomes, and (3) assess the suitability of linked-read sequencing technology for future studies in comparative phylogenomics and population genomics studies. Our R. melanosticta assembly was both highly contiguous (de novo scaffold N50 = 3.3 Mb, reference based N50 = 53.3 Mb) and relatively complete (contained close to 90% of evolutionarily conserved single-copy avian genes and known tetrapod ultraconserved elements). The high contiguity and completeness of this assembly enabled the genome to be successfully mapped to the chromosome level, which uncovered a consistent structural difference between R. melanosticta and other avian genomes. Our results are consistent with the observation that avian genomes are structurally conserved. Additionally, our results demonstrate the utility of linked-read sequencing for non-model genomics. Finally, we demonstrate the value of our R. melanosticta genome for future researchers by mapping reduced representation sequencing data, and by accurately reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships among a sample of thamnophilid species.
Genetic diversity of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) verdc.) landraces in Kenya using microsatellite markers

The existence of genetic diversity in germplasm collections is crucial for cultivar development. Genetic relationships among 105 Bambara groundnuts ( Vigna subterranea (L) Verdc. ) accessions from Kenya were evaluated using 12 microsatellite markers. The Bambara landraces were collected from farmers in the western region and the National Genebank of Kenya. A total number of 24 alleles were revealed with a mean of 2 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content and gene diversity values averaged 0.28 and 0.35, respectively indicating low genetic diversity among the evaluated Bambara groundnut germplasm. Genetic distance based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient from the simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker analysis ranged from 0.08 to 1.16 among the landraces. Cluster analysis distinctly grouped the 105 accessions into three major clusters. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 98% of the total genetic variation was within accessions whereas the genetic variation among accessions accounted for 2% of the total genetic variation. The genetic diversity observed in this study provides the basis for selection of appropriate parental genotypes for breeding programmes and mapping populations to further broaden the genetic base of Bambara groundnut germplasm in Kenya. Key words: Vigna subterranean , accessions, Kenya, microsatellite markers, gene diversity, cluster analysis.
Teachers' Perceptions of Accountability.

This study examined Colorado teachers' perceptions of internal and external accountability. K-12 teachers in large, medium, and small school districts completed surveys that asked about the degree to which they perceived they were accountable for specific items in their classroom and building and the degree to which they perceived themselves to be accountable to specific people or groups. Overall, teachers viewed accountability from a primary focus on self from within the isolated classroom environment more so than from the external accountability of the state performance based accountability system (PBAS). Although their highest sense of accountability was to themselves, they were nearly equally accountable to their students. Teachers felt more accountable for items under their direct control (e.g., curriculum, learning climate, and student achievement) than items they might influence but not control (e.g., parent involvement and student attendance). Teachers felt more accountable for items in the classroom than for those same items in the building. Teachers favored indicators in a PBAS that did not influence their behavior and were less in favor of including ones that would influence behavior. Teachers' perceptions of accountability did not depend on demographic characteristics. (Contains 28 references and 8 tables.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Teachers' Perceptions of Accountability Judith K. Mathers, Policy Analyst Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO Richard A. King, Professor University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO Paper prepared for the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting Seattle, Washington, April 13, 2001 Accountability and Systemic Reform The wave of education reform in the first part of the 1980s was spawned by the release of A Nation at Risk in 1983, with its call for higher expectations for students and standardized achievement tests at major educational transition points. Policy making around educational reform was frenetic in the early part of the 1980s, but not particularly deep (Fuhrman & Elmore, 1990; Fuhrman, Elmore, & Masse 11, 1993; Adams & Kirst, 1999). A vast amount of policy was created with little of it focused or aligned sufficiently with other policy pieces to be instrumental in producing broad education
Evaluation of Satisfaction with Life and Quality of Life of Elderly People with Trigeminal Neuralgia

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate satisfaction with life and quality of life of the elderly people with trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia has been associated with poorer psychiatric and psychosocial health status in geriatric populations. Materials and methods: This study included a total of 64 subjects, 32 patients diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia and 32 volunteers who formed the healthy control group. Sociodemographic questionnaire was used to determine sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used to determine life satisfaction and Rolls Royce Model Quality of Life Scale was used to evaluate life quality. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the Trigeminal Neuralgia Group and the Healthy Control Group according to sociodemographic data (p>0.05). The level of life satisfaction and quality of life of the elderly persons with trigeminal neuralgia were found to be statistically significantly lower (p<0.05, p<0.001). Conclusion: Trigeminal neuralgia and chronic pain accompanying this disease adversely affect satisfaction with life, quality of life, and psychological and psychosocial status of elderly people and this may have adverse consequences over recovery process.
Origin of the Louisville ridge and its relationship to the Eltanin Fracture Zone System

We have combined shipboard and Seasat altimeter derived data in an intergrated geological and geophysical study of the Louisville Ridge; a 3500-km-long seamount chain extending from the Tonga trench to the Eltanin Fracture Zone. A break in the smooth trend of the ridge at latitude 37.5°S has been recognized in both bathymetric and altimetric data. The 40Ar-39Ar dating of rocks dredged either side of the break suggest that it is analogous to the bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain. Although the general trend of the ridge can be fit by small circles about Pacific absolute motion poles determined from other seamount chains, the new bathymetric and age data allow us to refine Pacific absolute motion poles. The continuity in smooth trend of the ridge and the Eltanin Fracture Zone suggests some relationship between them. However, a major offset developed on this transform between 60 and 80 Ma, prior to the oldest dated rocks from the ridge. Although magmatism was more or less continuous on the ridge during 28–60 Ma, it probably occurred on crust with little or no offset. Thus magmatism appears to have been little influenced by the developing fracture zone. By 28 Ma, the distance between the magmatic source and the fracture zone had decreased sufficiently for a portion of the ridge to have been emplaced on crust with an offset. After about 12 Ma, however, volcanic activity on the Louisville Ridge apparently waned, despite a possible influence on the magmatism of the fracture zone.
Distinguishing between perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy in the domain of academic achievement intentions and behaviors

We examined whether perceived behavioral control (PBC) and self-efficacy (S-E) can be distinguished empirically, and whether they make different contributions to the prediction of intentions and behavior. The behavioral criterion was performance in 3 high-school examinations. Measures of attitude, subjective norm, PBC, S-E, and intention were taken before the examinations. Grade achieved served as the behavioral measure. Factor analysis of items intended to measure PBC and S-E extracted 2 factors: confidence in ability to achieve the behavioral outcome, and belief that the outcome can be influenced by own efforts. Scores on these factors were labeled S-E and perceived control, respectively. Behavior was predicted better by S-E than by intentions, and intentions were more closely related to S-E than to attitudes, subjective norms, or perceived control.
Customary versus Civil Law within Old Regime France

Law and finance theory emphasizes the negative consequences of civil law on financial and, subsequently, economic development. Before the Revolution, French territory was strictly divided according to the legal regime. Since the Middle-Ages, the southern part of France was under Justinian civil law and the north was under customary laws which, as with common law, gave more flexibility to judges and less right to the state. This dichotomy offers the unique opportunity to test the law and finance theory free from cross-country bias. Using fiscal revenues across 79 Departments from 1817-1821, we test if Departments under civil law, over the centuries and up to 15 years ago, exhibit lower financial and economic outcomes. We find that civil law Departments do exhibit lower economic performances but this difference is not robust when controlled for fundamental factors. The civil law appears even to have a positive effect in many specifications. Old Regime France does not confirm the law and finance theory.
Different host plant species modifies the susceptibility of Bactericera cockerelli to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana

Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.) is a serious pest of solanaceous crops and a vector of the plant pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous. Entomopathogenic fungi are the most important biological control alternatives for this pest. Host plant species, however, can modify the outcomes of insect–pathogen interactions. We conducted laboratory experiments to quantify the virulence of two isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals. [Vuill.]), BB40 and BB42, against third instar B. cockerelli nymphs maintained on chilli pepper plants. Owing to the lack of difference in virulence against B. cockerelli nymphs on chilli pepper between the two B. bassiana isolates, only BB42 was used to: compare virulence against nymphs maintained on either chilli pepper, potato or tomato; and in vivo conidia production from nymphs maintained on different host plants. Virulence of the two B. bassiana isolates against B. cockerelli nymphs was similar. Bactericera cockerelli nymphs maintained on tomato were more susceptible to B. bassiana than nymphs maintained on potato or chilli peppers. Infected nymphs maintained on chilli peppers produced the greatest number of conidia followed by infected nymphs maintained on tomato and potato. Host plant affected the susceptibility of B. cockerelli to B. bassiana isolate BB42 and subsequent conidia production. The implications of our results for microbial control of B. cockerelli by B. bassiana are discussed.
Role of Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease (PD) is a common infectious and inflammatory disease characterised by inflammation of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth and destruction of the associated alveolar bone, eventually resulting in tooth loss. This disease is caused by periodontopathic bacteria in plaque biofilm and resultant innate and adaptive immune responses in periodontal tissues. Calprotectin (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein of the S-100 protein family and is found to be induced by activated granulocytes, monocytes, and epithelial cells. CLP has been shown to play an important role in numerous inflammatory diseases and disorders. Increasing evidence indicates that CLP is involved in the progression of PD, and its levels may be associated with disease severity and outcome of periodontal treatments. This review will summarise recent studies regarding the presence, regulation, and function of CLP in PD. The findings indicate that CLP may be an effective biomarker for diagnosis and treatment for the PD.
SPDEs with pseudodifferential generators: the existence of a density

We consider the equation du(t, x) = Lu(t, x)+b(u(t, x))dtdx+ σ(u(t, x))dW (t, x) where t belongs to a real interval [0, T ], x belongs to an open (not necessarily bounded) domain O, and L is a pseudodifferential operator. We show that under sufficient smoothness and nondegeneracy conditions on L, the law of the solution u(t, x) at a fixed point (t, x) ∈ [0, T ]×O is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure.
Phenology of seed maturation in babysbreath (Gypsophila paniculata) in northwest Michigan, USA, and its relation to glyphosate efficacy

Abstract Babysbreath or perennial babysbreath (Gypsophila paniculata L.) is an aggressive invasive plant in large parts of southern Canada and the northern and western United States. It reproduces and disperses by seed, so the phenology of seed maturation is important in designing management programs. The present study provides the first quantitative assessment of G. paniculata seed-maturation phenology in a field population, as well as the first quantitative assessment of how the efficacy of herbicide treatment in preventing production of germinable seeds depends on the timing of treatment in relation to this phenology. Seeds were collected from untreated plants on five dates during July and August in both 2016 and 2017 and tested for germinability. Percent germination increased from 20% to 81% between July 22 and 28 and exceeded 90% by August 4, 2016. The seed-maturation phenology in 2017 was similar but delayed by about 4 d. On a growing degree-day scale, seed-maturation phenologies for the 2 yr were nearly identical. We also tested germinability of seeds from plants sprayed with glyphosate (23.4 ml ae L–1) on July 11, 18, and 25, 2016 (one date per plant). Percent germination increased from 0% to 13% to 20% over successive treatment dates, highlighting the importance of completing treatment early in the growing season.
Who Does What? An Organizational Design Perspective on Buyer-Supplier ‘Packaging’ Problems

This study examines the organizational architecture of project organizations formed to deliver one-off, capital-intensive systems. We investigate how the project promoter divides and allocates the scope of the development work across multiple suppliers, and thus sets organizational boundaries around the work of each supplier – the socalled ‘packaging problem’. Our research is informed by the analysis of the procurement choices in the implementation phase of four large infrastructure projects. Our main contribution is a conceptual framework that illuminates how four complementary cognitive perspectives are brought to bear in decision-making for designing organizational architectures. We propose that the organizational boundaries that delineate each supplier’s work are the outcome of an organizational decomposition that balances efficiency concerns with considerations about the actual capabilities of the suppliers in the market. However, we also show that organizational boundary setting is context-sensitive. Hence, the solution space for potential organizational architectures is constrained by the power interdependency between the buyer organization and the environment and by the organizational identity of the buyer organization.
fr but in different forms Design : one ,

This overview paper defends an augmented cognitively oriented generic-design hypothesis: there are both significant similarities between the design activities implemented in different situations and crucial differences between these and other cognitive activities; yet, characteristics of a design situation (related to the design process, the designers, and the artefact) introduce specificities in the corresponding cognitive activities and structures that are used, and in the resulting designs. We thus augment the classical generic-design hypothesis with that of different forms of designing. We review the data available in the cognitive design research literature and propose a series of candidates underlying such forms of design, outlining a number of directions requiring further elaboration. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Quantitative evaluation of tha palatability of feed ingredients in swine

The present work studies the preferences of different feed ingredients commonly used in oiglet diest and stablishes a ranking of feed preferences by weanling pigs. Additionally the realtionships between different parameters of the feed and the feed prefernce are also studied. A work plan was stablished with the following objectives: (i) to compare the preferences for different feed ingredients evaluated in piglets of different ages (newly -weaned or post-weaned) and at differents levesl of inclusion; (ii) to stablish preference rankings for cereals , protein, fat or fibre sources taking into account different levesl of inclusion; (iii) to quantify the effect of technological treatments on preference for different cereal feeds; (iv) to study the effect of storage on feed preference for feed preference for different protein sources; (v) to evaluate different interactions between the palatabilities of cereals and protein sources; (iv) to study the relationship between feed preference and some of its physical properties such as feed particle size or feed texture; and (vii) to study the relationship betwee fee preference and the nutrient content of cerelas and their digestibility. Feed ingredients preference was evaluated by using a double choice feeding protocol consisting in a comparison between two different diets differing in on of the feed ingredients contained in the diet and its level of inclusion. the appetence for each diet expressed as percentage of preference was calculated as a percentage of contribution of the test diet to the total feed intake. Therefore the results obtained from the first days of the study slready indicated the dietary preferences, which did not change substantially therafter. the age of the animals did not affect preference and the values obtained in newly weaned and post-weaned pigs were generally in good agreement. However th use of the older animals resulted in higher feed intakes and more accurate measurements. Throghout this PhD the
Gebrekidan Gebre Part of Speech Tagging for Amharic

Amharic, the second most spoken Semitic language, is a written language that poses its own challenges to natural language processing. One basic NLP task is part of speech tagging, which is the process of assigning tags to words in text. Tags can be as simple as noun, verb, adjective, etc or as complex as noun singular feminine, verb past tense third person, etc. POS tagging is not useful by itself but is generally accepted to be the first step to understanding a natural language. Most NLP tasks and applications including parsing, information extraction, machine translation, speech synthesis/recognition heavily depend on it. Ambiguity is the reason POS tagging is not an easy problem. All languages have some form of ambiguities. Resolving ambiguities requires efficient and accurate methods. Previous attempts of POS tagging Amharic texts resulted in performances worse than those reported for Arabic, Hebrew and English. In this dissertation, theoretical and practical POS tagging issues have been discussed with the view to improving POS tagging performance for Amharic, which was never above 90%. Knowledge of Amharic morphology, the given annotated data and the tagging algorithms have been examined and shown to play critical roles in the final performance result. With the experiments carried out using state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, POS tagging accuracies for Amharic have crossed above the 90% limit for the first time. The reasons for such relatively higher performance have come from three factors: usage of partially cleaned version of a corpus, good feature selection, resulting from morphological study of the language, and parameter tuning, resulting from understanding the tagging algorithms and experimenting with them.
Genetic Diversity of the Endangered Mekong Giant Catfish, Striped Catfish, and Their Hybrids From Thailand

Previous genetic investigations of the Mekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas Chevey, 1913) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878) provided discordant results. Here, we sequenced mitochondrial (mt) DNA of the cytochrome B region, and a control region, to characterize the genetic variation of P. gigas, P. hypophthalmus, and hybrids of these two species. Among the three groups, P. hypophthalmus had the greatest diversity in both regions, yet all three studied groups showed lower genetic diversity compared to the results of previous studies. The Bayesian Skyline Plots showed a reduction in effective population sizes of the parental species. The hybrids were found to have a constant population size with a recent divergence time. As expected, the network and neighbor joining tree showed a close maternal genetic relationship between the hybrid and P. hypophthalmus, a reflection of the breeding between male P. gigas and female P. hypophthalmus. Our results provide genetic information on these endangered fish that will be useful for both conservation and commercial breeding programs.