Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Double minutes (dmin) and homogeneously staining regions (hsr) in myeloid disorders: a new case suggesting that dmin form hsr in vivo

We describe a case of an 87-year-old woman with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in transformation. At presentation, the patient suffered from refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB). The karyotype showed a clone with 3 to >20 double minutes (dmin) that were MYC-positive and, in addition, a cryptic deletion of MYC on one of the chromosome 8 homologs. The dmin varied both in size and in fluorescence intensity for the MYC probe following FISH. After six months, the disease had progressed to refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBT). The corresponding karyotype showed a second cell line with two markers that appeared like rings and, again, a cryptic MYC deletion on one of the chromosome 8 homologs. The markers contained centromeres and amplified MYC sequences. The deletion of MYC on one of the chromosome 8 homologs and the variable sizes and intensities of the dmin supports an episome model for dmin formation. Chronologically, the MYC-positive dmin appeared first, followed by the appearance of MYC-positive marker chromosomes, suggesting that the dmin may have evolved to form homogeneously staining regions (hsr) in vivo.
Prevalence of respiratory symptoms in Swiss children: Is bronchial asthma really more prevalent in boys?

Precise epidemiological data for the prevalence of childhood asthma were lacking for Switzerland until recently. In 1990 we performed a stratified cluster sampling of schoolchildren (aged 7, 12, and 15 years), using a parent completed questionnaire to obtain data for the 12 months prevalence of asthma symptoms and the lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis. A response rate of 97.5% enabled us to analyse 4,353 completed questionnaires. The prevalence of any asthma symptom during the last 12 months was 17.5% while only 4.8% of the children reported the diagnostic label “asthma. ” The 12 months prevalence of chronic night cough was 12% and is comparable to other European data. Wheeze (5.9%) was reported less often in Switzerland than in England. At the age of 7 years asthma symptoms such as wheeze, morning tightness, and allergen‐induced symptoms were reported more often in boys than in girls; at the age of 12 and 15 the male preponderance was no more evident. For all asthma symptoms the male: female ratio decreased with increasing age of the children, while independently of age twice as many boys than girls reported the diagnostic label “asthma. ” We conclude that asthma symptom prevalence in Swiss schoolchildren is within the lower range of European data. Chronic night cough might be a more appropriate variable to compare prevalence rates between regions with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds than the symptom of wheeze. Evidence exists for a substantial underdiagnosis of bronchial asthma in Swiss children, especially in girls. Further evaluation is needed to define risk factors for underdiagnosis and the associated risk for under‐treatment. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and cognitive performance in adolescence.

BACKGROUND The incidence of cigarette smoking during pregnancy remains high. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to be associated with cognitive and behavioural sequelae in childhood and adolescence. We assessed the relationship between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and cognitive abilities in adolescent offspring (n = 503, 12- to 18-years old) using an extensive 6-h battery of tests. METHODS Non-exposed adolescents (controls) were matched to exposed adolescents (cases) by maternal education and school attended. Cognitive abilities were evaluated using a neuropsychological battery consisting of 33 tasks measuring verbal abilities, visuo-spatial skills, verbal and visual memory, processing speed, resistance to interference and motor dexterity. RESULTS We found no differences between cases and controls in any of the cognitive domains whether potential confounders were included in the model or not. In addition to maternal smoking during pregnancy, we also evaluated the effect of sex and age on the various cognitive abilities in this large adolescent sample and found that most of the abilities continue to improve during adolescence to the same extent in girls and boys, with several age-independent sex differences. CONCLUSIONS We found no effect of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on cognitive abilities of the adolescent offspring when matching cases and controls by maternal education, the most common confounder of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy.
Empty Discarded Pack Data and the Prevalence of Illicit Trade in Cigarettes

Illicit trade in tobacco products (ITTP) is big business in the United States and creates many harms including reduced tax revenues; damages to the economic interests of legitimate actors; funding for organized-crime and terrorist groups; negative effects of participation in illicit markets, such as violence and incarceration; and reduced effectiveness of smoking-reduction policies, leading to increased damage to health. To improve data availability for study in this area, we describe and make available a large, novel set of data from empty discarded pack (EDP) studies. In EDP studies, teams of researchers collect all cigarette packs discarded (either in trash receptacles or as litter) in the public spaces of selected neighborhoods. Packs are examined for the absence of local tax stamps, signs of non-authentic packaging or stamps, and other indications of potential tax evasion or counterfeit product. We describe the data and analyze the prevalence of ITTP. Data from 23 collections in 10 U.S. cities from 2010 to 2014 are available, yielding 106,500 observations (by far the largest dataset of its kind available for academic study). Each observation includes dozens of variables covering the brand, location to the ZIP code level, tax status, counterfeit status, and other information about the pack. There is significant evidence of tax avoidance (up to 74% of packs in New York City). In some markets there is also a significant amount of illicit trade (up to over half the market in New York City), which includes bootlegging, counterfeits, cigarettes produced for illicit-market sales, and cigarettes without any tax stamps. These data will be highly useful for research in illicit markets and organized crime.
INFORMATION USE AND QUALITY SERVICE OF THE NIGERIAN POLICE

Information use of police force occurs when information acquired by the police to satisfy an information need based on task assigned to them is actually put to use. Information is therefore useful and valuable if after receiving it, it changes things, decisions, behaviour or one’s character and solves the problem for which the information is sought. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised 2,305 police officers in Alimosho Local Government Police Division. Stratified random sampling method was used to select 227 police officers. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Data collected was analyzed using frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation; and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used for the test of hypotheses. The study established that the police officers use information for three major situations; victims and suspects, unusual circumstances and actualities and quotes (mean=3.72) for all. The result of the quality of service showed that the police ensured that clients’ voices count in all cases (mean=2.98). There was positive significant relationship between the information use and quality service of Nigeria police (r =.117, p >.05). A large proportion of use of relevant and adequate information has helped the police to solve problems needed on security and protection of individual citizens and also improve their services. This has helped in the delivery of quality service to the citizens. The study therefore recommended that the Government should create a policy that will enable free flow of information between the citizens and the police force, and make available access to internet facilities in their various stations for relevant information needed for their effective use on tasks as this will lead to achieving quality of their services to the citizen, and increase the achievement of their goals and objectives.
Correspondence between physiological and self-report measures of emotion dysregulation: a longitudinal investigation of youth with and without psychopathology.

BACKGROUND Several theoretical perspectives suggest that emotion dysregulation is a predisposing risk factor for many psychiatric disorders. Yet despite a rapidly evolving literature, difficulties with emotion regulation (ER) are often measured inconsistently across studies, with little regard to whether different approaches capture the same construct. In this study, we evaluate the correspondence between two widely used measures of emotion dysregulation that cut across self-report and physiological levels of analysis. Our objectives were to (1) evaluate whether youth self-reports of ER difficulties correspond with physiological measures of emotion dysregulation collected at baseline and during sad emotion induction, and (2) validate the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in a youth sample. METHOD We measured emotion dysregulation among a sample of youth with depression, conduct problems, comorbid depression/conduct problems, or no psychiatric condition. Youth were assessed initially at ages 8-12 (Year 1) and followed up at Years 2 and 3. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a widely used physiological index of emotion regulation, was measured across all three years during sad emotion induction. At Year 3, the DERS was also administered. RESULTS Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that slopes in RSA collected across the three assessments were associated with later self-reported ER abilities at the transition into adolescence. These findings were replicated across contexts (baseline and emotional challenge), suggesting that adolescents whose physiological responding to emotional challenge improves also experience fewer difficulties with emotion regulation as they mature.
Longitudinal outcome in patients with bipolar disorder assessed by life-charting is influenced by DSM-IV personality disorder symptoms.

OBJECTIVES Few studies have examined the question of how personality features impact outcome in bipolar disorder (BD), though results from extant work and studies in major depressive disorder suggest that personality features are important in predicting outcome. The primary purpose of this paper was to examine the impact of DSM-IV personality disorder symptoms on long-term clinical outcome in BD. METHODS The study used a 'life-charting' approach in which 87 BD patients were followed regularly and treated according to published guidelines. Outcome was determined by examining symptoms over the most recent year of follow-up and personality symptoms were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II) instrument at entry into the life-charting study. RESULTS Patients with better outcomes had fewer personality disorder symptoms in seven out of 10 disorder categories and Cluster A personality disorder symptoms best distinguished euthymic and symptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS These results raise important questions about the mechanisms linking personality pathology and outcome in BD, and argue that conceptual models concerning personality pathology and BD need to be further developed. Treatment implications of our results, such as need for psychosocial interventions and treatment algorithms, are also described.
Lower limb kinematic alterations during drop vertical jumps in female athletes who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

The aim of this study was to determine if anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACL‐R) female athletes exhibit altered lower limb kinematic profiles during jump landing when compared to a non‐injured age, sex, and activity matched control group. Fourteen ACL‐R and 14 non‐injured control subjects performed 3 vertical drop jump (DVJ) trials. Lower limb kinematics were recorded at 200 Hz. Peak and time‐averaged angular displacements were quantified and utilized for between‐group analysis. The ACL‐R group displayed altered hip joint frontal and transverse plane kinematic alterations, and knee joint frontal and sagittal plane kinematic alterations. Specifically the ACL‐R group displayed an increased adducted (p < 0.05) and internally rotated (p < 0.05) hip joint position, both peak and time‐averaged, following landing. The ACL‐R group also displayed a decreased adducted (p < 0.05) and flexed (p < 0.05) position of the knee joint following landing. The observed aberrant lower limb kinematics could pre‐dispose ACL‐R athletes to potential future knee joint injuries. Further studies are required to determine in a prospective manner whether such deficits increase the incidence of recurrent ACL injury, and whether specific sensorimotor protocols following ACL reconstruction can minimize these kinematic deficits. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:72–78, 2012
High-quality hyperspectral reconstruction using a spectral prior

We present a novel hyperspectral image reconstruction algorithm, which overcomes the long-standing tradeoff between spectral accuracy and spatial resolution in existing compressive imaging approaches. Our method consists of two steps: First, we learn nonlinear spectral representations from real-world hyperspectral datasets; for this, we build a convolutional autoencoder which allows reconstructing its own input through its encoder and decoder networks. Second, we introduce a novel optimization method, which jointly regularizes the fidelity of the learned nonlinear spectral representations and the sparsity of gradients in the spatial domain, by means of our new fidelity prior. Our technique can be applied to any existing compressive imaging architecture, and has been thoroughly tested both in simulation, and by building a prototype hyperspectral imaging system. It outperforms the state-of-the-art methods from each architecture, both in terms of spectral accuracy and spatial resolution, while its computational complexity is reduced by two orders of magnitude with respect to sparse coding techniques. Moreover, we present two additional applications of our method: hyperspectral interpolation and demosaicing. Last, we have created a new high-resolution hyperspectral dataset containing sharper images of more spectral variety than existing ones, available through our project website.
Conception of AIDS and its Prevention Among Students in a Nigerian University

This study examines AIDS awareness, knowledge of transmission and prevention among students, who not only belong to the sexually active age bracket, but who are the future leaders of the nation. The student population was stratified into those in the health and non-health disciplines and an accidental sampling technique was used to obtain the respondents from the 2 strata. 60 students were interviewed from each stratum. A majority of the medical students, 58.3% as against 48.3% of the non-medical students, perceived AIDS as a dreadful disease that is sexually transmitted. Next among the non-medical students were those who felt that AIDS was God's punishment for man's sexual excesses (20.0%), while only 3.3% of the medical students gave that response. Of importance in the study is that none of the students attributed AIDS to mystical forces, an issue which could be linked to their educational exposure. Some students associated the disease with affluence, an issue that had been documented by other researchers. Another point worthy of note in the study is the fact that even though 89% and 61.2% of the medical and non-medical students, respectively, believed that AIDS can be prevented by the use of condoms, most of them were not favourably disposed towards the use of condoms. This study thus reveals an area that needs attention, ie that apart from emphasising the level of awareness, there should be a focus on how to effect behavioural change among a knowledgeable population
Sequence Specificity, Conformation, and Recognition by HMG1 Protein of Major DNA Interstrand Cross-links of Antitumor Dinuclear Platinum Complexes*

Interactions of high mobility group (HMG) domain proteins with DNA modified by cisplatin plays a role in mechanisms underlying its antitumor activity. A structural motif recognized by HMG domain proteins on cisplatin-modified DNA is a stable, directional bend of the helix axis. In the present work, bending induced in DNA by major adducts of a novel class of antitumor compounds, represented by the formula [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}H2N(CH2)2–6NH2]Cl2, was investigated. The oligodeoxyribonucleotide duplexes containing various site-specific interstrand cross-links of these bifunctional dinuclear platinum drugs were purified and characterized by Maxam-Gilbert footprinting, chemical probing, and phasing assay. It was demonstrated that the cross-links of the dinuclear compounds bent the helix much less than those of cisplatin. Gel retardation assay revealed very weak recognition of DNA adducts of dinuclear complexes by HMG1 protein. Hence, the mediation of antitumor properties of dinuclear platinum complexes by HMG domain proteins is unlikely so that polynuclear platinum compounds may represent a novel class of platinum anticancer drugs acting by a different mechanism than cisplatin and its analogues. A further understanding of how polynuclear platinum compounds modify DNA and how these modifications are processed in cells should provide a rational basis for the design of new platinum drugs rather than searching for cisplatin analogues.
Dopamine D1‐receptor immunolocalization in goldfish retina

Dopamine, a neuromodulator in the vertebrate retina, is involved in numerous functions related to light adaptation. However, unlike in mammals, localization of retinal D1‐dopamine receptors in nonmammalian vertebrates has been hampered due to a lack of antisera. To address this problem, an antiserum against the 18 C‐terminal amino acids of the goldfish D1 receptor (gfD1r) was generated in chicken eggs and tested in retinae of goldfish and rat, and rat caudate putamen, by using immunoblots and light microscopic immunocytochemistry. No labeling was observed in any tissue or immunoblots with preabsorbed gfD1r antiserum. Immunoblot analysis of goldfish retina revealed a single band at about 101 kDa. The patterns of gfD1r immunoreactivity (gfD1r‐IR), found in rat caudate putamen and rat retina were virtually identical to that previously reported with other D1‐receptor ligands and antisera. In goldfish retina, gfD1r‐IR was most intense over cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer, amacrine cells in the proximal inner nuclear layer (INL), and bipolar cells in the distal INL. Weaker gfD1r‐IR was observed over horizontal cell bodies and both plexiform layers. Müller cells and axons of cone photoreceptors were labeled as well. Double labeling showed that all protein kinase C–immunoreactive bipolar cells (ON type) were gfD1r‐IR on the soma, axon terminal, and dendrites. All glutamate decarboxylase–immunoreactive (i.e., γ‐aminobutyric acid utilizing) amacrine cells and horizontal cells were gfD1r‐IR. Retinal D1r distribution is more extensive than dopamine neuron innervation, but is consistent with physiologic estimates of dopamine function, suggestive of both wiring and volume transmission of dopamine in the retina. The gfD1r antiserum displays cross‐reactivity to dopamine receptors in a mammal and a nonmammal and should prove useful in future studies of dopaminergic systems. J. Comp. Neurol. 411:705–714, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrophysiologic Evidence for Multilevel Deficits in Emotional Face Processing in Patients With Bulimia Nervosa

Background Empirical evidence suggests substantial deficits regarding emotion recognition in bulimia nervosa (BN). The aim of the current study was to investigate electrophysiologic evidence for deficits in emotional face processing in patients with BN. Methods Event-related potentials were recorded from 13 women with BN and 13 matched healthy controls while viewing neutral, happy, fearful, and angry facial expressions. Participants’ recognition performance for emotional faces was tested in a subsequent categorization task. In addition, the degree of alexithymia, depression, and anxiety were assessed via questionnaires. Results Categorization of emotional faces was hampered in BN (p = .01). Amplitudes of event-related potentials differed during emotional face processing: face-specific N170 amplitudes were less pronounced for angry faces in patients with BN (mean [M] [standard deviation {SD}] = 1.46 [0.56] µV versus M [SD] = −1.23 [0.61] µV, p = .02). In contrast, P3 amplitudes were more pronounced in patients with BN as compared with controls (M [SD] = 2.64 [0.46] µV versus M [SD] = 1.25 [0.39] µV, p = .04), independent of emotional expression. Conclusions The study provides novel electrophysiologic data showing that emotional faces are processed differently in patients with BN as compared with healthy controls. We suggest that deficits in early automatic emotion classification in BN are followed by an increased allocation of attentional resources to compensate for those deficits. These findings might contribute to a better understanding of the impaired social functioning in BN. Abbreviations AN = anorexia nervosa BN = bulimia nervosa EEG = electroencephalography ERP = event-related potential EOG = electrooculogram
NK1.1+ cells regulate neutrophil migration in mice with Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia

Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of both community‐associated and nosocomial infections worldwide. These infections are difficult to treat because the bacterium rapidly develops resistance to multiple antibiotics. However, little is known about the nature of the innate cellular response to A. baumannii infection. In the present study, we identified the cells infiltrating the lungs of mice with Acinetobacter pneumonia and analyzed their response to infection. Normal mice eradicated the A. baumannii infection within 3 days of inoculation. Neutrophils were rapidly recruited to the lungs, followed by macrophages and NK1.1+ cells. Neutrophil‐depleted mice showed acute and severe symptoms, and all of the mice died within 3 days of inoculation. The majority of macrophage‐depleted mice responded in a similar manner to the control mice. These results indicate that neutrophils are essential for the elimination of A. baumannii. Half of NK1.1+ cell‐depleted mice died within 1 day of inoculation and the number of infiltrating neutrophils was lower than that in control mice up until 3 days post‐inoculation. Moreover, the expression levels of keratinocyte chemoattractant protein (KC) decreased in NK1.1+ cell‐depleted mice. These results indicate that NK1.1+ cells recruit neutrophils during the early phase of Acinetobacter infection by increasing KC expression.