Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of exercise addiction: examining gender differences

Exercise addiction is a rising preoccupation for researchers as a susceptible cause of serious health issues and negative consequences for individuals. Although there are numerous studies that have analysed exercise addiction, only a few have examined possible gender differences. To estimate if there is a prevalence difference between men and women relating to exercise addiction, a systematic review was conducted. Bibliographic searches were performed via PubMed and PsycINFO databases limited to English language, studies on humans, and since 2000, with the search terms: ‘exercise addiction inventory’ and ‘exercise dependence scale’, with a result of 590 potential relevant entries. Titles were then reviewed for duplicates and non-peer reviewed papers, which were then excluded. This resulted in a list with of 433 articles. Subsequently, abstracts and methods were reviewed using the following inclusion criteria: studies using the Exercise Addiction Inventory and/or the Exercise Dependence Scale, as these are the only available screening tools to identify the individual at risk of exercise addiction. The full text of the resulting 88 articles was then analysed, focusing on studies providing data about gender differences on the prevalence of exercise addiction (number of participants, percentages, and/or means and standard deviations). As reported by the 27 studies included in the final systematic review that met all the inclusion criteria, the effect size reflects variation in gender differences. Cohen’s d was between . 04 and . 98, suggesting that men are more addicted to exercise than women. Only two studies reported that the prevalence for exercise addiction was higher in women than men. However, our study concludes that more research is needed to understand the gender differences on the prevalence of exercise addiction, and the nature of this potential disorder.
Deep double descent: where bigger models and more data hurt

We show that a variety of modern deep learning tasks exhibit a ‘double-descent’ phenomenon where, as we increase model size, performance first gets worse and then gets better. Moreover, we show that double descent occurs not just as a function of model size, but also as a function of the number of training epochs. We unify the above phenomena by defining a new complexity measure we call the effective model complexity and conjecture a generalized double descent with respect to this measure. Furthermore, our notion of model complexity allows us to identify certain regimes where increasing (even quadrupling) the number of train samples actually hurts test performance.
SUPERWIND MODELS FOR THE DUST SHELLS AROUND INFRARED CARBON STARS

We investigate the observational effect of a superwind mass-loss phase driven by a thennal pulse in the interior of infrared carbon stars. We modify the dust density distribution by adding dust to fonn a region of enhanced density which proceeds outward. Depending on the position and the degree of the enhancement, the emergent model spectral energy distributions can be significantly different from those with conventional power-law density distributions. These new results fit the observations of some infrared carbon stars better. In particular, the deficiency in 30-100 f.Lm observed fluxes of many infrared carbon stars, compared with conventional model results, can be explained by the superwind models with standard dust grains. Our superwind models also cover a much wider range in observed lRAS 12-, 25- and 60-f.Lm colours than is possible with conventional models. The time evolution of the spectral energy distribution after a superwind can explain some observations of infrared carbon stars. We find that most of the observed infrared carbon stars are in the early history of our superwind model. This may be due to a gradual increase in the mass-loss rate on the AGB or to the selection effect of infrared carbon stars identified by the 11-f.Lm SiC feature.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR SUSTAINABLE REUSE OF PUBLIC HERITAGE BUILDINGS: THE CASE FOR RESEARCH

There is a wide consensus that buildings, as major energy consumers and sources of greenhouse gas emissions must play an important role in mitigating climate change. This has led to increasing concern and greater demand to improve energy effi ciency in buildings. Although, there has been increased efforts to reduce energy consumption from existing building stock; the heritage sector still needs to accelerate its efforts to improve energy effi ciency and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Presently, much concentration has been on improving the energy effi ciency of heritage buildings in the domestic sector while, the non-domestic sector has only received little attention. In particular, studies focusing on reuse and adaptation of heritage buildings for public use to achieve more effi cient use of energy are urgently required. The main focus of this paper is the need for research into sustainable reuse of public heritage buildings with reference to maximising energy effi ciency in the process of considering their conversion to other uses. The paper presents part of a broader on-going research with the aim to investigate problems associated with maximising energy effi ciency in reuse and conversion of public heritage buildings. It identifi es the ability of heritage buildings to play a role in global reduction of energy use and CO 2 emission whilst maintaining its unique characteristics. Issues and challenges associated to improving energy effi ciency in heritage building conversion projects were discussed. Holistic approach through identifi cation of various options and innovative techniques for their sustainable reuse were suggested. The paper concluded that in spite of the exemption of listed buildings from energy performance requirements, these buildings can still accommodate some energy effi ciency improvements. However, further studies to identify the most suitable options for long term sustainability is required if the goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 is to be achieved.
Explaining intra-organizational knowledge transfer at the individual level

The knowledge-based view has recently been criticized for overlooking individual-level action and interaction in favor of an over-emphasis on the firm-level capabilities. This paper seeks to respond to that criticism by providing some individual-level explanations for a collective-level phenomenon – intraorganizational knowledge transfer. We suggest that variations in individual ability, motivation and the use of interaction opportunities provided by the organization explain part of the variation found in individuallevel knowledge acquisition and use, and that this has an influence on organizational level knowledge transfer within a firm. More specifically, we find that ability and intrinsic motivation are important drivers of individual level knowledge acquisition and use, while extrinsic motivation has no impact. Furthermore, the extent to which an individual uses interaction opportunities provided by the organization influences knowledge transfer both directly and through a moderator effect with ability and person-to-person interaction.
Citric acid may be used in human root canal disinfections and canine periodontal healing and in ointments for the treatment of chronic human and veterinary postoperative wound infections

Wedeveloped an in vitromethod to assess pet food ingredients safety. Canine bonemarrow-derivedmesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) were differentiated into enterocyte-like cells (ELC) to assess toxicity in cells representing similar patterns of exposure in vivo. The toxicological profile of clove leave oil, eugenol, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), GMP+ inosine monophosphate, sorbose, ginger root extract, cinnamon bark oil, cinnamaldehyde, thyme oil, thymol and citric acid was assessed in BMSC and ELC. The LC50 for GMP+ inosine monophosphate was 59.42±0.90 and 56.7±3.5mgml –1 for BMSC and ELC; 56.84±0.95 and 53.66±1.36mgml for GMP; 0.02±0.001 and 1.25±0.47mgml for citric acid; 0.077±0.002 and 0.037±0.01mgml for cinnamaldehyde; 0.002 ± 0.0001 and 0.002 ± 0.0008mgml for thymol; 0.080 ± 0.003 and 0.059 ± 0.001mgml for thyme oil; 0.111±0.002 and 0.054±0.01mgml for cinnamon bark oil; 0.119±0.0004 and 0.099±0.011mgml for clove leave oil; 0.04±0.001 and 0.028±0.002mgml for eugenol; 2.80±0.11 and 1.75±0.51mgml for ginger root extract; > 200 and 116.78±7.35mgml for sorbose. Lemon grass oil was evaluated at 0.003–0.9 in BMSC and . 03-0.9 mgml in ELC and its mechanistic effect was investigated. The gene toxicology studies showed regulation of 61% genes in CYP450 pathway, 37% in cholestasis and 33% in immunotoxicity pathways for BMSC. For ELC, 80% for heat shock response, 69% for beta-oxidation and 65% for mitochondrial energymetabolism. In conclusion, these studies provide a baseline against which differential toxicity of dietary feed ingredients can be assessed in vitro for direct effects on canine cells and demonstrate differential toxicity in differentiated cells that represent gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at publisher’s web-site.
Design of a highly efficient brushless current excited synchronous motor for automotive purposes

Mainly because of the total absence of rare earth permanent magnets, the separately excited synchronous motor (SSM) is particularly interesting as traction drive. To avoid the problems related to brushes, the energy transfer necessary to feed the rotor coil should preferably succeed contactless through a rotary transformer. This requires a challenging rotor current control concept in particular concerning the quick rotor demagnetization. In addition, because of the current flowing in the rotor, the continuous power of this machine is lower than the one of permanent magnet based topologies with similar dimensions. A rotor current controller for a brush-based excitation system is designed and manufactured. A control strategy for an already existing SSM (designed before the project start) and the new controller is developed implemented and tested on the test bench. The main goal of this step is to gain experience to design a more challenging brushless machine. A new current excited synchronous motor, equipped with a rotary transformer to guarantee a contactless energy transfer to the rotor, is then designed and tested on the test bench. In particular, a new simple and effective method to contactless control the rotor current is evaluated. The machine is also equipped with a newly developed system which allows a significantly faster demagnetization of the rotor thus improving the functional safety of the motor. The main functional safety problems are briefly examined to allow the test of the motor in an electric vehicle on public streets. To reduce the rotor current requirement, and consequently improve the continuous power of the motor, a wide bunch of rotor shapes with increased Ld/Lq ratio are designed, described through parameters, and simulated. The outcome of the simulations confirms a significant reduction of the rotor current requirements for the shapes with a reduced q inductance. To conclude, possible improvements concerning the filling factor are roughly investigated through the manufacturing of a stator wound using bar windings. A stator filling factor of 0.6 is reached in this way. Test bench measurements show that the current excited machine offers an excellent functional safety, reaches very similar efficiencies and even better peak powercurves and densities compared to magnet based topologies.
Trajectories in African Christianity

This article tries to chart developments in African Christianity south of the Sahara (though leaving South Africa aside, because of its own unique dynamic). It divides African Christianity into two rough and ready categories – mainline and ‘Pentecostal’. For the mainline (or mission or historical) churches the author argues that they are increasingly identified with Western aid. As Africa becomes increasingly marginalised, these aid flows and what they involve become increasingly significant for—even constitutive of—mainline Christianity. For Pentecostalism, while admitting their enormous variety, the article focuses on two characteristics that most of these newer churches share: a stress on spiritual forces, and an emphasis on success or victory. Examples are drawn from across the continent, not least from Nigeria, which powers many of these developments. The article concludes with a brief speculation on the links of Africa's emerging Christianity with global Christianity; African theology; an emerging use of the Bible; and Christianity's socio-political role in a marginalised Africa.
SIX-PHASE BIDIRECTIONAL RECTIFIER: MODELLING, CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS IN αβ REFERENCE FRAME

Poly-phase machines have been used for many years in motor drives and more recently in wind power generation. In wind generation the most common poly-phase system is the six-phase, which consists of a dual three-phase system, shifted by 30 electrical degrees from each other and with no neutral connection. Typically, this system employs a twelve-pulse diode rectifier to convert AC to DC voltages. Better results can be achieved employing an active rectifier, since it can provide lower distortion in g ne ator currents and regulated output voltage. However, the dynamic and stationary model of this converter are not reported in the literature, taking that into account, this paper proposes a six-phase active rectifier topology for a dual three-phase system. A stationary frame reference for six-phase system is applied to obtain the converter dynamic model in the αβ coordinates and thus a control strategy is proposed in this frame reference. The proposed topology and control strategy were experimentally verified with a 12 kW prototype. The results were appropriated, providing a regulated output voltage, an input current with reduced harmonic distortion and thus high power factor.
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF WEANING WEIGHT, YEARLING WEIGHT, BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND BODY DIMENSION OF BALI CATTLE

The aim of the research was to evaluate the genetic improving of production traits selected of Balicattle. Four hundred and twenty eight data of weaning weight, yearling weight and body weight gainwere used to estimate genetic improvement for those traits. One hundred and seven data of bodydimension (body weight, chest circumference, body length and withers height) at 24 months old wereused to estimate genetic improving for those traits. The estimation of genetic and environmentalvariance and co-variance component, and heritability were found by animal model. The fix effect ofweaning weight, yearling weight and body weight gain was rainfall, age of measurement and year ofbirth, whereas the fix effect of body dimension depend on each trait. The result showed that heritabilityof weaning weight, yearling weight, body weight gain, body weight, chest circumference, body lengthand withers height was 0.090.15, 0.270.13, 0.470.15, 0.070.19, 0.500.19, 0.340.28, 0.600.21,respectively. Genetic improvement of all traits have had a different pattern in selection responses. Alltraits did not show genetic improvement due to selection for.
Machine learning classification of Gaia Data Release 2

Machine learning has increasingly gained more popularity with its incredibly powerful ability to make predictions or calculate suggestions for large amounts of data. We apply machine learning classification to 85 613 922 objects in the Gaia Data Release 2, based on a combination of Pan-STARRS 1 and AllWISE data. The classification results are cross-matched with the Simbad database, and the total accuracy is 91.9%. Our sample is dominated by stars, ∼98%, and galaxies make up 2%. For the objects with negative parallaxes, about 2.5% are galaxies and QSOs, while about 99.9% are stars if the relative parallax uncertainties are smaller than 0.2. Our result implies that using the threshold of 0 < σπ/π < 0.2 could yield a very clean stellar sample.
Heavy metal pollution potential in soil influenced by sawmill operations at Ado-ekiti, Nigeria

Pollution potentials of heavy metals in soils around a Sawmill at Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria were evaluated. The geo-accumulation (I geo ) values were positive, less than 1.0 and within Class 1 I geo grade indicating none to moderate pollution of the soils by the heavy metals. Chi-square analysis showed that the I geo values were not significantly different at the various sampling distances indicating that the heavy metals were not spatially influenced in the soils. Co, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr had positive Relative Pollution Potential (RPP) values at all sampling points with a few exceptions whereas, As and Cu had negative RPP except As (90 m, +0.93; 125 m, +0.15). The positive RPP values indicate the metals were likely introduced at the impact point while negative RPP values (As and Cu) would be from lithological sources but the Chi-square values were not significantly different. The indices did not point to serious pollution concerns. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 53(1) , 29-34, 2018
In Vitro Bioactive Properties of Some Wild Mushrooms Collected from Kastamonu Province

kosullar altinda biyoaktif ozellikleri Ozet Calismanin amaci: Bu calismada Kastamonu ilinden toplanan Cantharellus cibarius Fr . , Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers. , Hydnum rufescens Pers. ve Macrolepiota procera (Scop. ex Fr.) Sing . yabani mantarlarinin protein ve toplam fenolik icerik miktarlari ile antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal ozellikleri belirlenmistir. Calisma alani: Yabani mantarlar Turkiye’nin Kastamonu ilinden toplanmistir. Materyal ve Yontem: Protein icerigi; Dumas metodu, toplam fenol icerigi; Folin–Ciocalteu yontemi, antioksidan ozellik; demir indirgeyici guc (FRAP) metodu ve antimikrobiyal ozellik ise Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Acinetobacter haemolyticus ATCC 19002 ve Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002’e karsi agar kuyucuk difuzyon yontemi kullanilarak hesaplanmistir. Sonuclar: Mantarlarin protein icerikleri %9.94 ile %27.46 arasinda, toplam polifenol miktarlari 0.592±0.004–1.624±0.026 mg GAE g -1 araliginda ve antioksidan ozellikleri 0.896±0.003-4.245±0.042 μmol FeSO.7H 2 O g -1 araliginda degismistir. En yuksek protein miktari, en yuksek toplam fenol miktari ve en yuksek antioksidan ozellik M. procera ’da tespit edilmistir. M procera ve H. rufescens mantarlari Klebsiella pneumoniae ve Escherichia coli’ e karsi inhibitor etki gostermistir. Arastirma vurgulari: Calisilan mantarlar arasinda, M. procera mantari biyoaktif ozellikler yonunden en iyi degerleri gostermistir dolayisiyla bu mantar ileriki calismalar icin umut vaad edicidir.
Reconstruction of the charophyte community of Lake Shinji by oospore collection

Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) aids in maintaining a clear stable state in shallow lakes. However, charophytes are more effective in increasing transparency compared to angiosperms. Lake Shinji was more transparent prior to the beginning of herbicide use for rice weed control in the mid-1950s, because its bottom was covered by SAV up to 3 m depth. Although Chara braunii C.C. Gmelin and Nitella hyaline (De Candolle) C. Agardh were recorded in the 1960s, there are no reports on SAV in the 1950s. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to show that the SAV of Lake Shinji was mostly composed of charophytes prior to the 1950s, by conducting a seed analysis. We obtained charophyte oospores from the sediment, but seeds of angiosperms were not identified. In addition to C. braunii that was previously recorded in Lake Shinji, we also found two newly identified species, Chara corallina Willdenow and Chara fibrosa C. Agardh ex Bruzelius. Overall, this study indicates that seed analysis is helpful in reconstructing the former flora of Lake Shinji.
COMPARISON OF MAPS OF SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION CONSTRUCTED WITH AND WITHOUT COVARIABLES USING A SPATIAL LINEAR MODEL

A study about the spatial variability of data of soil resistance to penetration (RSP) was conducted at layers 0.0-0.1 m, 0.1-0.2 m and 0.2-0.3 m depth, using the statistical methods in univariate forms, i.e., using traditional geostatistics, forming thematic maps by ordinary kriging for each layer of the study. It was analyzed the RSP in layer 0.2-0.3 m depth through a spatial linear model (SLM), which considered the layers 0.0-0.1 m and 0.1-0.2 m in depth as covariable, obtaining an estimation model and a thematic map by universal kriging. The thematic maps of the RSP at layer 0.2-0.3 m depth, constructed by both methods, were compared using measures of accuracy obtained from the construction of the matrix of errors and confusion matrix. There are similarities between the thematic maps. All maps showed that the RSP is higher in the north region.
Instructional Crisis Communication: Connecting Ethnicity and Sex in the Assessment of Receiver-Oriented Message Effectiveness

This study explored the responses of receivers of risk messages that included all elements of the Internalization-Distribution-Explanation-Action (IDEA) learning cycle model to determine if culture, sex, and socio-economic status had any impact on receptivity and behavioral intention. Using a pre- and post-measures experimental design, 746 participants from different geographic areas within the United States watched prepared news clips. Participants identified their learning styles, the perceived message effectiveness, and their behavioral intentions following their observation. Results suggest that messages addressing all elements of the IDEA model were perceived as more effective by participants. Ethnicity and sex of participants in some cases made a difference regarding perception of message effectiveness.
Sums of class numbers and mixed mock modular forms

Abstract In this paper, we consider sums of class numbers of the type ∑m ≡ a (mod p) H (4n − m2), where p is an odd prime, n ∈ ℕ, and a ∈ ℤ. By showing that these are coefficients of mixed mock modular forms, we obtain explicit formulas. Using these formulas for p = 5 and 7, we then prove a conjecture of Brown et al. in the case that n = ℓ is prime.
Merced Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title

While English speakers generally rely on a viewer-centered frame of reference when interpreting table-top space, they will also adopt an object-centered frame in certain situations—prompting the question: What factors determine which frame? The current research investigates two possible contributors: the intrinsic “frontedness” of a reference object involved in the scene and the syntactic structure of the sentence used to describe the scene. If an object possesses an “intrinsic front side,” then this side should highlight the properties necessary for the object to be capable of having its own distinguishable perspective. Also, certain linguistic constructions may further increase the salience of the reference object’s inherent geometrical properties, leading to greater use of an object-centered frame.
Bounded Rationality Mitigates the Free - Rider Problem: An Experimental Study on Corporate Takeovers

This paper explores how bounded rationality of stock market traders affect corporate takeover outcomes. Creating experimental markets, we test two rational takeover models: Grossman and Hart’s free-rider model and Shleifer and Vishny’s toeholds model. Our experimental results depart from their theoretical predictions; we observed a considerable number of noise traders in the markets. In Grossman and Hart’s market, the traders’ bounded rationality mitigated the free-rider problem and led to successful takeovers. In Shleifer and Vishny’s market, a large part of the toeholds effect arose not from Shliefer and Vishny’s tendering effect, but from the number effect caused by noise traders. Our experimental findings provide the bounded rationality explanations for takeover success and the toeholds effect observed in reality.