Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heart Cycle Length Modulation by Electrical Neurostimulation in the High Right Human Atrium

Today, high resting heart rates are known to be an independent risk factor for a higher overall mortality, irrespective of underlying coronary diseases. Neurostimulation is a fast growing, wide spread approach to treat various disorders by electrical stimulation of specific nerve cells. We present a technique of intracardiac neurostimulation to the parasympathetic tone in the high right human atrium in the sinoatrial node area. Investigations include recording the decreasing effects of heart rate, the anatomical endocardial visualization of the right atrium, and developing gradient maps with parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve bundles. During an ablation procedure within the sinus rhythm, patients are stimulated with a bipolar electrode catheter which can be detected by an electroanatomical navigation system. Sinus cycle length and corresponding ventricular heart rate are recorded before, during and after stimulation and show a direct correlation with the start and end of stimulation.
Exact tuning of PID controllers in control feedback design

In this study, the authors introduce a range of techniques for the exact design of PID controllers for feedback control problems involving requirements on the steady-state performance and standard frequency-domain specifications on the stability margins and crossover frequencies. These techniques hinge on a set of simple closed-form formulae for the explicit computation of the parameters of the controller in finite terms as functions of the specifications, and therefore they eliminate the need for graphical, heuristic or trial-and-error procedures. The relevance of this approach is (i) theoretical, since a closed-form solution is provided for the design of PID-type controllers with standard frequency-domain specifications; (ii) computational, since the techniques presented here are readily implementable as software routines, for example, using MATLAB ® ; (iii) educational, because the synthesis of the controller reduces to a simple exercise on complex numbers that can be solved with pen, paper and a scientific calculator. These techniques also appear to be very convenient within the context of adaptive control and self-tuning strategies, where the controller parameters have to be calculated online. Furthermore, they can be easily combined with graphical and first/second-order plant approximation methods in the cases where the model of the system to be controlled is not known.
Impacts Of Globalization On Economic Growth - Evidence From Selected South Asian Countries

The study uses overall index of globalization developed by Dreher (2006) in which all three types of integration were utilized such as political, economic and social integration. The data of three south Asian countries like Pakistan, India and Bangladesh were taken for the period from 1981 to 2011. Initially, stationary properties of selected variables were checked through conventional unit root tests such as Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillip Perron (PP) test followed by ordinary least square (OLS), granger causality is applied and finally long-run relationship among variables were confirm by employing Johansen test of cointegration i.e. trace test and max-Eigen test. The study has very good model explaining variance in GDP growth. Probability value of F-stat is less than 0.05 which recognize that all the independent variables are regarded good to forecast the changing in dependent variable. The outcomes of Durbin Watson tests state that there is no autocorrelation in the chosen variables. Coefficients of independent variables are positive and significant. The outcomes of Johansen test of cointegration established a long-run equilibrium association among economic variables. It is clear that globalization and GDP both influence each other and illustrates bidirectional causality in India while Pakistan and Bangladesh show unidirectional causality between globalization and GDP. It is statistically found that overall index of globalization may affect the rate of growth. It has been recommended that authorities and government should realize the importance of globalization as factor of growth and concentrate on their weak component of globalization besides economic integration.
Metabolic substrates are not mobilized from the osmoregulatory organs (gills and kidney) of the estuarine pufferfishes Sphoeroides greeleyi and S. testudineus upon short-term salinity reduction

The marine-estuarine species of pufferfishes Sphoeroides testudineus and S. greeleyi are very efficient osmoregulators. However, they differ with respect to their tolerance of salinity reduction. During low tide S. testudineus remains in diluted estuarine waters, whereas S. greeleyi returns to seawater (SW). The hypothesis tested here was that the short-term mobilization of metabolic substrates stored in their main osmoregulatory organs would correlate with this differential tolerance. Fishes exposed to 5 (for 6 h) were compared to those kept in 35. Branchial and renal contents of triglycerides, protein and glycogen were evaluated, and total ATPase activity accounted for the tissues' metabolism. Plasma osmolality, chloride and glucose, hematocrit, and muscle water content were also measured. Total triacylglycerol content was higher in S. greeleyi than in S. testudineus in both salinities and in both organs. Kidney glycogen contents were higher in S. greeleyi than in S. testudineus in 5 and 35. Total ATPase activity was reduced in 5 when compared to 35 in the kidney of S. greeleyi, and was higher in the gills of S. greeleyi than in those of S. testudineus, in both salinities. Upon exposure to dilute SW, both species displayed a similar osmoregulatory pattern: plasma osmolality and chloride were reduced. Again in both species, stability in muscle water content indicated cellular water content control. Although the metabolic substrates stored in the osmoregulatory organs of both species were not mobilized during these short-term sea water dilution events, some differences could be revealed between the two species. S. greeleyi showed more metabolic reserves (essentially triacylglycerols) in these organs, and its gills showed higher total ATPase activity than those S. testudineus.
Tissue Culture Techniques for Native Amazonian Fruit Trees

In recent decades, the production of native fruits of the Amazon showed significant growth, mainly due to expansion of area for fruit production. It is noteworthy that this activity has had little impact on native vegetation, since most of the orchards were planted in areas previously occupied by other crops for market problems or environmental issues and pressure for sustainable agriculture, ceased to be interesting for farmers [4].
T h e Comparative Effects of Chloramines on a Range of Nematodes t

Chloramine-T (sodium p-toluene sulfonchloramide) was a good surface sterilant for Ditylenchus dipsaci, however it was somewhat nematicidal. These properties were presumably associated with its properties as an oxidizing chlorine. Other chloramines tested were also toxic. Its possible use as a nematicide is suggested in relation to dosage and phytotoxicity. The comparative effects of chloramines on a wide range of freeliving soil nematodes and freeliving infective larvae of animal parasitic forms are included. In at tempting to sterilize phytoparasi t ic nematodes for inoculation onto aseptic callus tissue culture, the use of chloramines, especially chloramine-T, was investigated. The chloramines are widely used as bacter iocides, fungicides and as general antiseptics. The structural formulae of those tested is given in Table 1: potassium dichloroisocyanurate, t r ichloromelamine, N-chlorosuccinimide, chloramine-T, and 1,3-dichloro5,5-dimethyl hydantoin. Our studies followed three main lines of inquiry: (i) to determine the efficacy of chloramines as surface sterilants, (ii) to evaluate their nematocidal activity to Ditylenchus dipsaci, and other nematodes, and (iii) to test the phytotoxici ty of these compounds on garlic cloves and scales. THE INFLUENCE OF CHLORAMINES ON D. DIPSACI MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Axenization o] D. dipsaci. --D, dipsaci were extracted f rom garlic scales in a mist chamber. The nematodes were treated with chloramines at several concentrat ions and times of exposure (Table 2) . Following treatment, they were rinsed in sterile, distilled water and divided into two batches. One batch (NS) was subdivided and transferred to 8 Received for publication 29 March 1968. 1 This work was partially supported by a U S D A Grant No. 12-14-100-8074(34). 2 Department of Nematology, University of California, Davis, 95616 and Department of Zoology and Applied Entomology, Imperial College, London University, respectively. tubes each of growth media N I H and A P T (S) . A second ba tch was screened (S) aseptically and similarly placed in the growth media. Motiffty Tests on D. dipsaci. -----An experiment was designed to establish the tolerance of D. dipsaci to Chloramine-T treatment. TABLE I. Chloramine compounds used for the axenization and nematocidal tests. 1,3 dichloro-5,5N-chlorosuccinimide dimethyl hydantoin
Effects of non-Kozai mutual inclinations on two-planet system stability through all phases of stellar evolution

Previous full-lifetime simulations of single-star multi-planet systems across all phases of stellar evolution have predominately assumed coplanar or nearly coplanar orbits. Here we assess the consequences of this assumption by removing it and exploring the effect of giant branch mass loss on the stability of two-planet systems with small to moderate non-Kozai (<40o) relative inclinations. We run nearly 104 simulations over 14 Gyr for F-star, A-star and B-star planet hosts, incorporating main-sequence stellar masses of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 5.0 solar masses, and initial planetary semimajor axis ratios that straddle their three-dimensional Hill stability limits. We find that the near-coplanar assumption can approximate well the stability frequencies and critical separations found for higher inclinations, except around strong mean-motion commensurabilities. Late instabilities – after the star has become a white dwarf – occur throughout the explored mutual inclination range. Consequently, non-Kozai mutual inclination should not be used as a predictive orbital proxy for determining which white dwarf multi-planet systems discovered by Gaia should represent high-priority follow-up targets for the detection of metal pollution and planetary debris discs.
Zooplankton of tidal marsh channels in relation to environmental variables in the upper San Francisco Estuary

Zooplankton are important trophic intermediaries between aquatic primary produc- ers and higher level consumers such as fish, but to date they have been little studied in intertidal marshes. This is particularly true in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE), which is heavily impacted by human activities and is being targeted for restoration of its native wetland communities. As part of a multi-year field study investigating wetland dynamics in the upper SFE, we conducted approximately quarterly sampling of the mesozooplankton (>73 µm) at 3 channels in each of 6 marshes. Here, we describe seasonal and regional variation in the composition and abundance of zooplankton, and relate these to variations in environmental conditions. Cluster analysis identi- fied 6 different marsh zooplankton communities. The 66 taxa identified included both native and non-indigenous species (NIS), with NIS being particularly dominant in the summer and autumn. Ordination analyses indicated that salinity, temperature, and other freshwater-related variables such as freshwater flow and distance to the coastal ocean were the strongest environmental driv- ers of marsh zooplankton community composition and individual abundance. Zooplankton com- munities in intertidal marshes were similar to those of open water habitats of the SFE in many regards, although differences in some taxa were observed, e.g. higher abundances of the copepod Eury temora affinis and lower abundances of tintinnid ciliates in the marshes. Apparent differ- ences in zooplankton between intertidal marsh and open water habitats, and between different regions of the estuary, could have important implications for young fish and other consumers.
Justifiable Homicide by Police Officers

Gerald D. Robin holds a Fellowship from the National Institute of Mental Health in connection with a program under the direction of Dr. Otto Pollak at the University of Pennsylvania. Previously, he had been engaged in the study of gang delinquents in Philadelphia under a Ford Foundation grant, and had served as an Instructor in Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Robin received a Master of Arts degree in Sociology from this same university and has written for other journals. -EDITOR.
Travel Behavior in TODs vs. Non-TODs: Using Cluster Analysis and Propensity Score Matching

As a compact, mixed-use, and walkable district near a high-quality transit station, transit-oriented development (TOD) has arisen as a sustainable form of urbanism to minimize automobile dependency and maximize ridership. Existing travel behavior studies in the context of TOD, however, are limited in terms of small sample size, lack of consistency in TOD classification, and failure to control for residential self-selection. This study examines various travel outcomes—vehicle miles traveled (VMT), auto trips, transit trips, and walk trips—in different types of station areas in eight U.S. metropolitan areas using cluster analysis and propensity score matching. Using cluster analysis with three built environment factors—activity density, land use diversity, and street network design (i.e., D variables)—this study classifies existing 549 station areas as TOD, transit-adjacent development (TAD), and Hybrid types. After controlling for residential self-selection, the result shows that a TOD motivates its residents to walk more and take transit more while driving less. The significant difference between TOD and TAD in both VMT and the number of automobile trips means that TOD makes the personal vehicle trips shorter (39% reduction) and fewer (35% reduction). Travel behaviors in the Hybrid type are also examined for the potential outcomes of gradual and practical changes.
VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY SEARCH FOR THE RADIO COUNTERPART OF HESS J1943+213

HESS J1943+213, a TeV point source close to the Galactic plane recently discovered by the H.E. S.S. Collaboration, was proposed to be an extreme BL Lacertae object, though a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) nature could not be completely discarded. To investigate its nature, we performed high-resolution radio observations with the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (EVN) and reanalyzed archival continuum and H i data. The EVN observations revealed a compact radio counterpart of the TeV source. The low brightness temperature and the resolved nature of the radio source are indications against the beamed BL Lacertae hypothesis. The radio/X-ray source appears immersed in a ∼1′ elliptical feature, suggesting a possible galactic origin (PWN nature) for the HESS source. We found that HESS J1943+213 is located in the interior of a ∼1° diameter H i feature and explored the possibility of them being physically related.
Serum Levels of Carboxy-Terminal Propeptide of Type 1 Procollagen Do Not Reflect the Severity of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis SERUM

Objective: High serum levels of carboxy-terminal propeptide of Type 1 procollagen (PICP) were reported in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis as a marker of liver fibrosis. However, its status in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine serum PICP levels in NASH patients comparing with cirrhotic patients and healthy individuals, and its association with the degree of necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis. Material and Methods: PICP levels were measured by a specific enzyme immunoassay in 29 patients with biopsy-proven NASH, 18 patients with cirrhosis and 18 healthy controls. Histological grading and staging for NASH group were evaluated using Brunt’s classification and the scores were compared with their PICP levels. Results: Compared to controls (mean ± SD: 57.4 ± 17 ng/mL), PICP levels were significantly higher in cirrhotics (120.67 ± 102 ng/mL) and NASH patients (92.78 ± 33.6 ng/mL) [p= 0.004 and p< 0.001, respectively]; however, the concentrations did not differ between NASH and cirrhotic patients (p> 0.05). PICP levels did not correlate with necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis scores in NASH patients. Conclusion: Serum PICP levels are elevated in NASH patients, similar to those with cirrhosis; however they do not reflect the degree of histological grade and stage.
Tree diversity in the tropical dry forest of Bannerghatta National Park in Eastern Ghats, Southern India

Abstract Tree species inventories, particularly of poorly known dry deciduous forests, are needed to protect and restore forests in degraded landscapes. A study of forest stand structure, and species diversity and density of trees with girth at breast height (GBH) ≥10 cm was conducted in four management zones of Bannerghatta National Park (BNP) in the Eastern Ghats of Southern India. We identified 128 tree species belonging to 45 families in 7.9 hectares. However, 44 species were represented by ≤ 2 individuals. Mean diversity values per site for the dry forest of BNP were: tree composition (23.8 ±7.6), plant density (100.69 ± 40.02), species diversity (2.56 ± 0.44) and species richness (10.48 ± 4.05). Tree diversity was not significantly different (P>0.05) across the four management zones in the park. However, the number of tree species identified significantly (P<0.05) increased with increasing number of sampling sites, but majority of the species were captured. Similarly, there were significant variations (p<0.05) between tree diameter class distributions. Juveniles accounted for 87% of the tree population. The structure of the forest was not homogeneous, with sections ranging from poorly structured to highly stratified configurations. The study suggests that there was moderate tree diversity in the tropical dry thorn forest of Bannerghatta National Park, but the forest was relatively young.
Measurement of Z(0)-boson production at large rapidities in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The production of Z 0 bosons at large rapidities in Pb–Pb collisions at √ s NN = 5 . 02 TeV is reported. Z 0 candidates are reconstructed in the dimuon decay channel (Z 0 → μ + μ − ), based on muons selected with pseudo-rapidity − 4 . 0 < η < − 2 . 5 and p T > 20 GeV/ c . The invariant yield and the nuclear modiﬁcation factor, R AA , are presented as a function of rapidity and collision centrality. The value of R AA for the 0–20% central Pb–Pb collisions is 0 . 67 ± 0 . 11 (stat.) ± 0 . 03 (syst.) ± 0 . 06 (corr. syst.), exhibiting a deviation of 2 . 6 σ from unity. The results are well-described by calculations that include nuclear modiﬁcations of the parton distribution functions, while the predictions using vacuum PDFs deviate from data by 2 . 3 σ in the 0–90% centrality class and by 3 σ in the 0–20% central collisions. This paper presents the ﬁrst measurement of Z 0 -boson production in Pb–Pb collisions at √ s NN = 5 . 02 TeV at large rapidities. Opposite-sign muon pairs from Z 0 -boson decays with 2 . 5 < y < 4 . 0 1 are measured with the ALICE detector. The yield of μ + μ − pairs includes contributions from virtual-photon processes and from their interference effects. This measurement probes the nPDFs of large- x valence quarks ( x 1 (cid:2) 10 − 1 ) and low- x sea quarks ( x 2 (cid:3) 10 − 3 ) at Q 2 ∼ M 2Z . The invariant yields and R AA are reported as a function of rapidity and collision centrality. The results are compared to model calculations including nPDFs. These measurements complement the measurements in p–Pb collisions at √ s NN = 5 . 02 TeV at large rapidities [32,33], providing increased precision and new information on rapidity and centrality dependence. The combination of these results with future W ± measurements in a similar kinematic interval will provide constraints on the ﬂavor dependence of nPDFs, in particular the strange quark contribution [21].
What are the important landscape components for habitat selection of the ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana in northern limit of range?

Abstract Ortolan buntings Emberiza hotulana have undergone one of the most severe population declines of any European farmland bird over the last thirty years. The aim of this study was to find out which habitat features, including crop characteristics, ortolan bunting prefers in Estonia in breeding areas. This study compared currently occupied and unoccupied ortolan bunting territories. Occupied areas contained significantly more tall broadleaf trees, crop types, structural elements (trees, bushes, roads, overhead power lines and buildings) and spring wheat, but also had lower crop drilling densities. Ortolan bunting territories were best described by a logistic regression model containing six variables: amount of structural point elements, length of power lines, amount of tall broadleaf trees and number of different crops had a positive effect, whereas crop density and area of autumn-sown crops had a negative effect. Based on the findings of this study, the following conservation measures can be recommended: lower crop densities; spring rather than autumn-sown crops; small-field systems containing a variety of crops; scattered scrub preserved or planted; habitat patches of permanent grasslands, hedges and tall broadleaf trees retained within the agricultural landscape.
Supplementary Material for CVPR 2018 paper # 330

To further validate the proposed method, we qualitatively show how the SINet selectively attends to various regions with relationships and interactions across time. We show several examples in Figure 3, 4, and 5. In each of the figure, the top row of each video frame has generally multiple ROIs with three colors: red, green, and blue. ROIs with the same color indicates that there exist inter-relationships. We then model the interaction between groups of ROIs across different colors. The color of each bounding box is weighted by the attention generated by the proposed method. Thus, if some ROIs are not important, they will have smaller weights and will not be shown on the image. The same weights are then used to set the transparent ratio for each ROI. The brighter the region is, the more important the ROI is. Focus on object semantics Recent state-of-the-art methods for action recognition rely on single compact representation of the scene. We show that the proposed SINet can focus on the details of the scene and neglect the visual content that maybe irrelevant such as the background information. For example, in Figure 3, the model constantly focus on the rope above the water and the person riding on wakeboard. The same goes for Figure 4. The background scenes with ice and snow are ignored throughout the video since it’s ambiguous and easy to be confused with other classes involve snow in the scene. Adjustable inter-relationships selection We notice that our SINet tends to explore the whole scene early in the video, i.e. the attentions tend to be distributed to the ROIs that cover large portion of the video frame, and the attentions become more focused after this exploration stage.
Coincidence rotations of the root lattice A 4 Journal Item

The coincidence site lattices of the root lattice A4 are considered, and the statistics of the corresponding coincidence rotations according to their indices is expressed in terms of a Dirichlet series generating function. This is possible via an embedding of A4 into the icosian ring with its rich arithmetic structure, which recently [6] led to the classification of the similar sublattices of A4. Dedicated to Ludwig Danzer on the occasion of his 80th birthday