Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors of nutritional anaemia among female school children in Masindi district, western Uganda

Anaemia is the most widespread nutrition related public health problem world-wide and yet in Uganda, there is little national data on anaemia and its likely causes amongst school children. The aim of this st udy was to assess the prevalence, dietary and health risk factors of nutritional anaemia amongst 11-14 year old girls attending primary schools in Masindi District of Western Uganda. Two schools, one urban and the other rural, were selected for this cross-sectional study. A total of 109 girls from the upper primary section were randomly selected from both schools. The Lovibond comparator was used to assay Hemoglobin (Hb) level in the whole blood after conversion of Hb to oxyhemoglobin by ammonia. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Incidences of malaria were self reported. The dietary intake of iron, protein, folate, riboflavin, energy, vitamin C, dietary fibre and vitamin A was estimated from the East African food composition table used to analyze the 24-hour dietary recalls. Associations between anaemia and factors under investigation were examined using Pearson’s chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis. Statistical significance was considered at p< 0.05. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 46%. It was twice as high in the urban school (61%) compared to the rural school (31%). There was a high intake of plant – based diets; majority of the school children with excess intake of fibre, inadequate intake of iron, protein, folate, riboflavin, energy and vitamin A were anaemic (p ≤ 0.001). Malaria incidences were many and though de-worming was common in schools, it was not consistent. Performance of de-worming by nurses had more impact than that of the teachers. Anaemia was positively correlated with inadequate dietary intake (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), malaria incidences (r = 0.54, p = 0.02) and improper de-worming (r = 0.51, p = 0.04). A high prevalence of anaemia was found amongst the girls, particularly in the urban school. Improper de-worming, malaria incidences and poor feeding were the risk factors of nutritional anaemia. There is , therefore, an urgent need for a national anaemia assessment among this age group and the strengthening of the current School Health Program to address aspects of health and feeding in schools in Masindi district and Uganda as a whole.
Development of the legitimacy threshold scale

A consensus in the literature supports the premise that legitimacy attainment facilitates favorable judgments from key stakeholders regarding the acceptability, appropriateness and worthiness of entrepreneurs and their efforts in emerging ventures. However, although legitimacy attainment is a milestone that emerging ventures strive to reach, as researchers we do not yet have a measure that examines whether a firm is operating pre- versus post-legitimacy. Accordingly, we develop the legitimacy threshold scale (LTS) that will facilitate the assessment of activities performed pre- and post-legitimacy in emerging ventures.
Sensitization of Radiation or Gemcitabine-Based Chemoradiation Therapeutic Effect by Nimotuzumab in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

This study was performed to observe the effect of the combination of nimotuzumab with radiation or gemcitabine-based chemoradiation on antipancreatic cancer cell therapy. Pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) were treated with nimotuzumab alone or combined with radiation (2, 4, or 8 Gy), which was either with or without gemcitabine chemotherapy. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were observed. The inhibition rate, the percentage of G2/M phase arrest, and the apoptosis rate of the combined nimotuzumab with radiation group was significantly higher than the group without nimotuzumab (P < .001). The inhibition rate, the percentage of G2/M phase, and the apoptosis rate of the nimotuzumab therapy combined with gemcitabine-based chemoradiation group were obviously higher than that in gemcitabine-based chemoradiation group (P < .001). In conclusion, nimotuzumab could enhance the anticancer effect of radiation and gemcitabine-based chemoradiation in PANC-1 cancer cells because of the enhancement of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
LOCAL FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: DOES FINANCIAL OUTREACH REALLY MATTERS WITHIN INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO?

This study attempt to examine whether firm’s performance depends on the local financial development across Indonesian provinces within 2010-2013. Combining data from the Indonesian survey of manufacturing firms with information from regional-level data, the study empirically documented several key findings. First, there are no consistent results that local bank availability is robustly associated with faster growth for firms in sectors with growth opportunities. Second, this paper documented a positive interplay between access to financial services to firm performance particularly within western part region of Indonesia. Third, access to the financial service appears to be closely connected with the level of economic development, particularly rate of poverty and inflation in the western part region of Indonesia. Taken these empirical finding together, this study imply that the level of inequality across Indonesian archipelago need to be reduced in order not only to provide a better access of financial services to the local stakeholders but also to improve small firms performance.
Analyst Workload and Information Production: Evidence from IPO Assignments

During quarters when analysts are working on IPOs, the accuracy, quantity, and timeliness of their research declines for the non-IPO firms that they cover at the same time. Consistent with increased workload reducing analyst information production, analyst forecasts during these periods deviate less from their own prior forecasts and the forecasts of their peers. The reduction in research quality is particularly large among less important portfolio firms, and for IPOs that would, in theory, attract more attention from analysts. Lastly, I provide evidence that the reduction in research quality from IPO-assigned analysts increases information asymmetry of covered firms.
When to Pick the Losers: Do Sentiment Indicators Improve Dynamic Asset Allocation?

Recent finance research that draws on behavioral psychology suggests that investors systematically make errors in forming expectations about asset returns, and thus that investor sentiment can have predictive power for asset returns. A number of empirical studies using both market and survey data as proxies for investor sentiment have found support for these theories. In this study we investigate whether investor sentiment as measured by a component of the University of Michigan survey can help improve dynamic asset allocation over and above the improvement achieved based on commonly used business cycle indicators. We find that the addition of sentiment variables to business cycle indicators considerably improves the performance of dynamically managed portfolio strategies, both for a standard market-timer as well as for a momentum-type investor. Sentiment-based dynamic trading strategies, even out-of-sample, would not have incurred any significant losses during the October 1987 crash or the collapse of the `dot.com' bubble in late 2000. In contrast, standard business cycle indicators fail to predict these events, so that investors relying on these variables alone would have incurred significant losses. These strategies seem to systematically exploit investor over-reaction and are `active alpha' strategies with low betas and high alphas, in contrast to business cycle based strategies which are effectively `index-trackers' with high betas and considerably lower alphas.
Singular value decomposition assisted ensemble Kalman filter for history matching problem

The application of a recursive technique, the En-semble Kalman filter, to history matching problem has been considered. An algorithm is simplified in a way of reducing the order of the state vector by using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The state vector of the reservoir model is truncated to a few numbers of states corresponding to the largest singular values. The energy of the system is preserved by eliminating the state variables corresponding to the zero singular values or close to zero ones. In this way, the computational time is greatly reduced. Computational effort required for history matching of large reservoirs is a major problem. The algorithm of the proposed method is described by a synthetic model. Finally, it was evident from the simulation results that the application of the Ensemble Kalman filter combined with SVD significantly decreases the computational time of the estimation of unknown geological properties in large reservoirs. Furthermore, the example shows that the estimation results has improved in comparison with the results obtained with a much more expensive approach that estimates states in every grid blocks.
Varicella‐zoster virus latency in human ganglia

Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) is a human herpesvirus which causes varicella (chickenpox) as a primary infection, and, following a variable period during which it remains in latent form in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia, reactivates in later life to cause herpes zoster (shingles). VZV is a significant cause of neurological disease including post‐herpetic neuralgia which may be persistent and highly resistant to treatment, and small and large vessel encephalitis. VZV infections are more frequent with advancing age and in immunocompromised individuals. An understanding of the mechanisms of latency is crucial in developing effective therapies for VZV infections of the nervous system. Such studies have been hampered by the difficulties in working with the virus and also the lack of a good animal model of VZV latency. It is known that the ganglionic VZV burden during latency is low. Two of the key questions that have been addressed are the cellular site of latent VZV and the identity of the viral genes which are transcribed during latency. There is now a consensus that latent VZV resides predominantly in ganglionic neurons with less frequent infection of non‐neuronal satellite cells. There is considerable evidence to show that at least five viral genes are transcribed during latency. Unlike herpes simplex virus‐1 latency, viral protein expression has been demonstrated during VZV latency. A precise knowledge of which viral genes are expressed is crucial in devising novel antiviral therapy using expressed genes as therapeutic targets. Whether gene expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels is more extensive than currently reported will require much more work and probably new molecular technology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of feeding and breeding management practices of dairy farmers in two different production systems

A field survey was conducted in peri urban and urban areas of Hyderabad city of Telangana state. The data was collected from hundred farmers selected from ten mandals by simple random sampling method for the study. The data on feeding and breeding management practices was collected by personal contact by using a pre-tested questionnaire. The study revealed that farmers followed colostrum feeding to new born calves, fed concentrates in soaked form before milking to the lactating animals, practiced hay making, provided extra allowance during advanced pregnancy and fed mineral supplements. Proper heat detection and insemination of the animals at right time was significantly (P<0.01) higher in peri urban areas than urban area. Majority of farmers followed combination of A.I and natural service for mating of their animals. Most of the farmers followed pregnancy diagnosis at three months in the peri urban (82.0%) area than in urban (36.0%) area. Majority of the dairy farmers bred their animals between 3-5 months after calving in urban and peri-urban areas. Overall farmers were well aware of scientific and organized herd management practices.
Development of Novel Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM Enzyme Immunoassays Based on Recombinant Puumala and Dobrava Hantavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins

ABSTRACT Human infections with Asian and European hantaviruses can result in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndromes of differing severities characterized by renal dysfunction and sometimes by pulmonary symptoms. For the serological detection of human infections by hantaviruses relevant for Europe, we developed monoclonal antibody capture immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on yeast-expressed nucleocapsid proteins of Puumala and Dobrava hantaviruses. Moreover, for diagnosis of acute infections, μ-capture IgM ELISAs were established with nucleocapsid proteins expressed in Drosophila melanogaster Schneider S2 cells. The cutoff values of the ELISAs were determined by investigation of up to 500 human anti-hantavirus-negative serum samples. The specificities of the Puumala and Dobrava virus-specific IgM, IgA, and IgG ELISAs were found to be 100%. The sensitivities of these ELISAs were determined to be 100% with panels of characterized anti-Puumala or anti-Dobrava virus-positive human serum samples. In most cases, Puumala and Dobrava virus infections could be differentiated by ELISA reactivity alone, i.e., endpoint titration with homologous and heterologous antigens.
IL-7–Dependent B Lymphocytes Are Essential for the Anti-polysaccharide Response and Protective Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae

Young children are impaired in their response to T cell-independent (TI) Ags, such as pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS). B lymphopoeisis early in life is IL-7 independent, whereas in adults it is IL-7 dependent. Therefore, we hypothesized that IL-7–driven B lymphopoiesis plays a critical role in promoting Ab responses to TI Ags. Young but not adult mice are impaired in responses to PPS vaccination and to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl-acetyl-Ficoll, a widely studied model TI Ag, and B1b cells generate Ab responses to these Ags. In this paper, we show that, despite having B1b, B1a, and MZ B cells—all of which are involved in TI responses—young wild-type or adult mice deficient either in IL-7 or in IL-7Rα are severely impaired in anti-PPS responses and do not survive Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge, indicating IL-7–dependent B cells are required for TI immunity. Consistent with this, PPS immunization induced a robust TI response in young IL-7 transgenic mice that was comparable to adult wild-type responses. Moreover, immunized young or adult IL-7 transgenic mice were completely resistant to S. pneumoniae challenge. Our data indicate that activating the IL-7 signaling pathway could restore impaired TI responses in the young.
Diversity of Contexts in Drug Use Among Street Adolescents

In this study we aimed to investigate through ethnographic methods the different contexts of drug use by street adolescents in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participant observations and semistructured interviews were performed at 11 major points of adolescent concentration in the streets of the city and in 10 care institutions. The sample was composed of 17 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age. Data showed diverse patterns of drug use distributed by geographic situation and street circumstances. Observations were grouped into three main contexts: (a) immersion: greater intensity of drug use associated with greater involvement in the street culture; (b) surface: less drug use associated with family closeness; and (c) alternative—migratory: greater involvement with drug trafficking and prostitution associated with less family closeness and street culture. The drug use patterns varied in accordance with the diversity of street situations. Therefore, the peculiarities of each context should be taken into consideration in the development of social/ health policies.
Engineered Soluble Monomeric IgG 1 CH 3 – Generation , Mechanisms of Function and Implications for Design of Biological Therapeutics

Running Title: Monomeric IgG1 CH3 Background: The CH3 domain of an antibody is a homodimer. Results: Soluble monomeric IgG1 CH3 (mCH3) exhibits pH-dependent binding to FcRn. Conclusion: The mCH3 can be used as a new scaffold for generation of binders with potentially enhanced half-life. Significance: The mCH3 is a promising fusion partner for therapeutic proteins with increased therapeutic efficacy.
An entrepreneurial relationship marketing approach to B2B selling: The case for intellectual capital sharing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the entrepreneurial practice of intellectual capital sharing (ICS) with client organizations and assess its potential for collaborative business-to-business (B2B) relationship building. B2B collaborations within the traditional marketing paradigm are restricted due to perceived opportunism. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the grounded theory approach and involves 22 semi-structured interviews with the employees of a focal organization and its five client organizations regarding 36 implemented projects. Interviews were transcribed, coded and analyzed via constant comparison to surface codes, categories, concepts and themes from which the authors developed propositions based on the particular context of this study. Findings ICS approach helps customers to reconstruct sellers’ identity from one characterized by opportunism and arm’s length relationships to one defined by openness and collaboration. Identified benefits of ICS include higher trust, commitment, social bonding, value co-creation, individual and organizational performance and learning. Eight propositions and a model of ICS consequences are presented. Research limitations/implications The context of the study is limited to a single industry – financial services – however, the findings should be highly relevant for other sales contexts characterized by low buyer trust. Practical implications Entrepreneurial marketers can engage in ICS approach quickly at minimal cost, as the capabilities and talent are typically already internal to the organization. Originality/value This paper examines a unique relational approach to serving clients called ICS that de-emphasizes the sale. Subject matter experts help buyers overcome challenges outside the scope of the traditional marketing paradigm.
Efficacy and safety of adalimumab as monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis for whom previous disease modifying antirheumatic drug treatment has failed

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of monotherapy with adalimumab in patients with RA for whom previous DMARD treatment has failed. Methods: In a 26 week, double blind, placebo controlled, phase III trial, 544 patients with RA were randomised to monotherapy with adalimumab 20 mg every other week, 20 mg weekly, 40 mg every other week, 40 mg weekly, or placebo. The primary efficacy end point was ≥20% improvement in the ACR core criteria (ACR20 response). Secondary efficacy end points included ACR50, ACR70, EULAR responses, and the Disability Index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ DI). Results: After 26 weeks, patients treated with adalimumab 20 mg every other week, 20 mg weekly, 40 mg every other week, and 40 mg weekly had significantly better response rates than those treated with placebo: ACR20 (35.8%, 39.3%, 46.0%, 53.4%, respectively v 19.1%; p⩽0.01); ACR50 (18.9%, 20.5%, 22.1%, 35.0% v 8.2%; p⩽0.05); ACR70 (8.5%, 9.8%, 12.4%, 18.4% v 1.8%; p⩽0.05). Moderate EULAR response rates were significantly greater with adalimumab than with placebo (41.5%, 48.2%, 55.8%, 63.1% v 26.4%; p⩽0.05). Patients treated with adalimumab achieved better improvements in mean HAQ DI than those receiving placebo (−0.29, −0.39, −0.38, −0.49 v −0.07; p⩽0.01). No significant differences were found between adalimumab and placebo treated patients for serious adverse events, serious infections, or malignancies. Injection site reaction occurred in 10.6% and 0.9% of adalimumab and placebo treated patients, respectively (p⩽0.05). Conclusion: Among patients with RA for whom previous DMARD treatment had failed, adalimumab monotherapy achieved significant, rapid, and sustained improvements in disease activity and improved physical function and was safe and well tolerated.
Law, Trust, and the Development of Crowdfunding

Using a unique hand-collected sample of crowdfunding volume obtained by surveying over 2,200 crowdfunding platforms worldwide, I show that the introduction of explicit legal regulation appears to significantly increase crowdfunding volume. The effect appears to be at least partly causal. Crowdfunding volume is at best weakly related to social factors such as the country level of generalized trust.
Liquidity and Credit Default Swap Spreads

We present an empirical study of the pricing effect of liquidity in the credit default swaps (CDS) market. We construct liquidity proxies to capture various facets of CDS liquidity including adverse selection, search frictions, and inventory costs. We show that the liquidity effect on CDS spreads is significant with an estimated liquidity premium on par with those of Treasury bonds and corporate bonds. Our finding of cross-sectional variations in the liquidity effect highlights the structure of the search-based over-the-counter market and the interplay between search friction and adverse selection in CDS trading. Using liquidity betas and volume respectively to measure liquidity risk, we find supporting evidence for liquidity risk being priced beyond liquidity level in the CDS market.
Characterization of group A Streptococcus strains recovered from Mexican children with pharyngitis by automated DNA sequencing of virulence-related genes: unexpectedly large variation in the gene (sic) encoding a complement-inhibiting protein

Sequence variation was studied in several target genes in 54 strains of group A Streptococcus (GAS) cultured from children with pharyngitis in Mexico City. Although 16 distinct emm alleles were identified, only 4 had not been previously described. Virtually all bacteria (31 of 33 [94%] with the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin gene (speA) had emm1-related, emm3, or emm6 alleles. The gene (sic) encoding an extracellular GAS protein that inhibits complement function was unusually variable among isolates with the emm1 family of alleles, with a total of seven variants identified. The data suggest that many GAS strains infecting Mexican children are genetically similar to organisms commonly encountered in the United States and western Europe. Sequence variation in the sic gene is useful for rapid differentiation among GAS isolates with the emm1 family of alleles.
PENGARUH FREE CASH FLOW, PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS, DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN

The objective of the study was to provide empirical evidence about the effect offree cash flow, profitability, liquidity and leverage toward dividend policy. The population ofthis study was manufacture companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2004 – 2007. Thesampling technique used purposive sampling and the analysis method used was multipleregressions. The result of this study proved that the profitability of a company affected thedividend policy. The bigger company profit was, the bigger dividend share was. A companywhich had profit stability could settle on dividend payment rate certainly and signal the qualityof their profit. While, free cash flow, liquidity and leverage had no effect toward dividend.