Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced collisional growth of a protoplanet that has an atmosphere

Once a protoplanet becomes larger than about lunar size, it accumulates a significant atmosphere that surrounds the solid core. When a planetesimal approaches the protoplanet, it interacts with the atmosphere. If enough energy of the planetesimal is lost by gas drag of the atmosphere, it is captured in the atmosphere even if its original trajectory would not lead to a direct collision with the solid core of the protoplanet. This increases the collision rate, resulting in faster growth of the protoplanet. We have derived the analytical calculations for the collision rate, and calculated the structure of the atmosphere and the trajectories of the planetesimals in the atmosphere. As a result of their large gas drag, small planetesimals are easily captured, resulting in a large rate of collision with the protoplanet. A collision rate of a protoplanet of Earth size with a planetesimal of 100 m radius is, for example, enhanced by a factor of ∼10. These effects play an essential role in the study of formation of solid cores of gas giant planets by the core accretion model.
Seasonal trends and relationships of light , temperature and leaf physiological traits of sugar beets ( Beta vulgaris L . ) grown under semi-arid , Mediterranean conditions

The seasonal changes of leaf physiological traits and its relationship with abiotic factors (photosynthetic active radiation-PAR, leaf temperature-Tleaf, air temperature-Tair, Tleaf Tair∆T) were studied on sugar beets grown under the semi-arid conditions of central Greece. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cv Rizor was established in a Randomised Complete Block design experiment for two years (2004-2005). From early June till the end of October, 11 determinations of leaf physiological traits (intracellular to ambient CO2 concentration-ci, transpiration rate-E, stomatal conductance-gs, net photosynthesis-A, instantaneous water use efficiency-A/E, photosynthetic water use efficiency-A/gs, chlorophyll content-SPAD, carbon isotope discrimination∆, N concentration and specific leaf areaSLA) took place. Temperatutes (Tleaf and Tair) and ∆T were higher in 2004 when water budget (WB, precipitation + irrigation – evapotranspiration) was more negative. Also, seasonal mean of carbon isotope discrimination (∆) and net photosynthesis (A) were lower in 2004 to compare to 2005. A gradual decline with the progress of the growing season was found for A, ∆, gs, E, SLA and leaf N concentration while the adverse trend was evident for water use efficiencies (WUE, A/E and A/gs). PAR was positively related with gs and E and negatively with A/E. Temperatures (Tair and Tleaf) had a positive effect on E and a negative one on A/E. High temperatures (35-37 oC) degraded leaf chlorophyll but temperatures higher than 37 oC tended to increase chlorophyll content. ∆T (transpirational cooling) was negatively related with gs, E, and A and positively with A/E and A/gs. Both E and A were regulated by gs which was kept higher or slightly lower than 0.10 mol m s, a limit indicative of severe drought in C3 species. Positive relationships were found between A, leaf N concentration and SLA. SLA is an indicator of resource-use strategy and can provide useful information about abiotic factor effects on sugar beet physiology and yield. ∆ was negatively related with A/gs showing that it can be an indirect assessment of WUE at leaf level.
Prevalence of ovine lung worm infection in Mekelle town, North Ethiopia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mekelle town, North Ethiopia from November 2010 to March 2011 to estimate the prevalence of ovine lungworm infection and to investigate some of the risk factors associated with it. Faecal samples were collected from randomly selected 402 sheep under extensive and semi intensive husbandry systems to examine first stage larvae (L1) using Bearmann technique. One hundred were subjected to postmortem examination to detect the presence of adult lungworm parasites. The overall prevalence recorded by faecal and postmortem examination was found to be 13.4% and 15%, respectively. The proportions of infection by Dictyocaulus filaria (D. filaria), Mullerius capillarius (M. capillaris) and Prostrongylus rufescens (P.rufescens) were found to be 5.9%, 3.5% and 2.74%, respectively. Lambs, female animals and those sampled during November had higher infection prevalence than animals in corresponding groups with statistically significant variation (p 0.05). Postmortem examination carried out on 100 sheep revealed that coproscopic examination had limited value in terms of estimating the prevalence of lung worm infection in live sheep and implies as there was no direct correlation between the adult worm burden and faecal larval output. Thus, lungworm infection is an important parasitic disease in and around Mekelle and further investigation is warranted to assess its impact on the economy and to reduce its incidence.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasitism Infections in Cattle of Bass Kabylie Area: Case of Bejaia Province, Algeria

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, identification of species and the dynamics of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites during humid and dry seasons in local cattle of different ages. The study was carried out in the Province of Bejaia, Algeria from December 2013 to June 2014. A total of 143 fecal samples were collected from different cattle herds. Fecal samples were visually examined then observed using flotation and sedimentation microscopic techniques. Eggs and worms were identified according to standard procedures. 63% of the cattle examined were found positive with one or more parasite species. Our results revealed that the eggs of Eimeria spp. are predominant (43.87%) followed by Strongylus spp. (30.32%) and Fasciola hepatica (12.25%). Eggs of Strongyloides papillosus, Moniezia benedeni, Paramphistomum daubneyi. and Toxocara vitulorum represent 1.29%, 1.93%, 1.93% and 6.45%, respectively. There is a significant difference between the sex of the animal and the prevalence rate of Strongyle spp. and Eimeria spp. (P< 0.01 ). As for the body condition score, there is a statically significant (P< 0.01 ) difference between the prevalence rate of GI parasite and the nutritional status of cattle. In conclusion, our preliminary investigation demonstrated highly prevalent and that abundance of the polyparasitism nature of the disease in Bass Kabylie area. Also, there was a relationship between the distribution of GI parasitism in cattle and the factors analyzed (body condition score, age and sex). Further studies are need for planning future research and to design rational and sustainable locally GI parasites control programmes.
The Quality of Students' Explanations on a Non-standard Geometry Item

We report on the types of explanations that students gave for their answers to a nonstandard geometry item. We suggest that these response-types form a partially ordered hierarchy on the basis of mathematical quality of explanation. Students were given the item in Year 8 and again one year later, and a comparison of the frequency of response-types in Years 8 and 9 suggest that many students evaluated the mathematical quality of the responses in an alternative way.
Plant biodiversity in boreal wood-pastures : impacts of grazing and abandonment

Oldén, Anna Plant biodiversity in boreal wood-pastures: Impacts of grazing and abandonment Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2016, 46 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Biological and Environmental Science ISSN 1456-9701; 318) ISBN 978-951-39-6674-4 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6675-1 (PDF) Yhteenveto: Laidunnuksen ja sen päättymisen vaikutukset kasvien biodiversiteettiin puustoisissa perinneympäristöissä Diss. Wood-pastures are traditional rural biotopes that host high biodiversity due to the small-scale heterogeneity of grazer activities and the structural diversity of trees. However, wood-pastures and their biodiversity are threatened by intensification of agricultural and forestry practices as well as by abandonment (cessation of grazing). Here I studied the biodiversity of vascular plants and bryophytes in 24 boreal wood-pastures that are still grazed and in 24 woodpastures that have been abandoned during the past decades. The grazed sites had higher species richness of vascular plants, as well as of bryophytes that grew on soil or on rocks. The grazers increased the diversity of microhabitats via the small-scale variation in defoliation, trampling and defecating. These disturbances created suitable microhabitats for subordinate species that disappeared due to increased competition after abandonment. Bryophyte richness on trees and decaying wood was limited in both grazed and abandoned sites by the scarcity of large deciduous trees and large logs. Rare species were observed in both grazed and abandoned sites and they were mostly dependent on moist or naturally fertile soil conditions, decaying wood or dung. Grazing hampered the regeneration of deciduous trees, while abandonment resulted in a high density of small deciduous trees and spruces. In the long term, spruces can become dominant in all kinds of wood-pastures, which is generally unwanted from the conservation point of view. Based on my results maintaining grazing management in various kinds of wood-pastures is of primary importance in the conservation of plant biodiversity, but attention should also be paid on the diversity of trees and decaying wood. Some of the abandoned sites host high conservation values as well. Finally, there is a need to create new wood-pasture habitats within the landscape.
Shallow-Water Origin of a Devonian Black Shale, Cleveland Shale Member (Ohio Shale), Northeastern Ohio, USA

Black shales are usually interpreted to require anoxic bottom waters and deeper water sedimentation. There has long been a debate about whether the Devonian Cleveland Shale Member of the Ohio Shale (CSM) was deposited in shallow- or deep-water depositional environments. This study looked at the CSM at 3 stratigraphic sections and 5 well cores in northeastern Ohio. The CSM mostly consists of sapropelite (interbedded carbonaceous black mudstones and gray calcareous claystones). The black and gray “shales” are rhythmically bedded at micro- ( ≥35 km, while hyperpycnites are too thin ( ≤50 m depth).
Deep Chandra observations of the stripped galaxy group falling into Abell 2142

In the local Universe, the growth of massive galaxy clusters mainly operates through the continuous accretion of group-scale systems. The infalling group in Abell 2142 is the poster child of such an accreting group, and as such, it is an ideal target to study the astrophysical processes induced by structure formation. We present the results of a deep (200 ks) observation of this structure with Chandra, which highlights the complexity of this system in exquisite detail. In the core of the group, the spatial resolution of Chandra reveals the presence of a leading edge and a complex AGN-induced activity. The morphology of the stripped gas tail appears straight in the innermost 250 kpc, suggesting that magnetic draping efficiently shields the gas from its surroundings. However, beyond $\sim300$ kpc from the core, the tail flares and the morphology becomes strongly irregular, which could be explained by a breaking of the drape, e.g. because of turbulent motions. The power spectrum of surface-brightness fluctuations is relatively flat ($P_{2D}\propto k^{-2.3}$), which indicates that thermal conduction is strongly inhibited even beyond the region where magnetic draping is effective. The amplitude of density fluctuations in the tail is consistent with a mild level of turbulence with a Mach number $M_{3D}\sim0.1-0.25$. Overall, our results show that the processes leading to the thermalization and mixing of the infalling gas are slow and relatively inefficient.
Workplace Bullying and Unethical Behaviors: A Mediating Model

Workplace bullying and unethical behaviors are increasingly being recognized as serious problems that warrantattention. However, there is no previous research has investigated the possible effect of workplace bullying onemployees unethical behaviors. So, this study is an attempt to fill this void. Moreover, we investigated whetherthis effect is mediated by psychological ownership. The model of this study was tested using survey datacollected from a sample of 295 commercial bank employees. Results provided support for the proposed model,as workplace bullying predicted employees unethical behaviors and psychological ownership partially mediatedthe workplace bullying-unethical behaviors relationship. Recommendations and directions for future researchare provided.
INTERLEUKIN-18 AND CAROTID THICKNESS IN HELICOBACTER PYLORI POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH DYSPEPSIA IN SULAIMANI- KURDISTAN

Background: Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Levels of circulating interleukin-18 (IL-18) have been positively correlated with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and coronary plaque area and have been identified as important predictors of coronary events and cardiovascular mortality. This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum IL-18, carotid intima thickness and H. pylori -IgG antibody as a sign of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patients. Methods: This cross sectional- case control study was conducted in Kurdistan Teaching center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology (KCGH) in Sulaimani city from January 2014 to March 2015. One hundred dyspeptic patients with positive H. pylori infection and 100 apparently healthy asymptomatic volunteers with negative H. pylori tests were enrolled in this study. Sera were tested for H. pylori IgG & IgA antibodies at Sulaimani Central lab. , using ELISA tests. Interleukin 18 (IL-18) was measured based on immunoenzymometric assay. All participants were evaluated for both internal carotid (IC) and common carotid (CC) arteries thickness by using high resolution grey-scale Doppler ultrasonography. Results: A significant difference (P<0.01) was found between patients and controls in the mean serum IL-18. A significant correlation between H. pylori IgG level and IL-18 was found (p < 0.01), but not with H. pylori IgA level. A significant correlation was found between IL 18 level and ICA, CCA thickness in H. pylori positive patients (p < 0.01). Conclusion : H. pylori infection was significantly associated with higher serum IL-18. There was significant correlation between IL-18 and Carotid intima- media thickness. Keywords: H. pylori, IL-18, Carotid Thickness, Sulaimani.
Cultivation-based characterization of microbial communities associated with deep sedimentary rocks from Taiwan Chelungpu Drilling Project cores

The Taiwan Chelungpu Drilling Project (TCDP) has provided an unprecedented opportunity to reveal a terrestrial subsurface microbial ecosystem that has possibly experienced continuous disturbance by the arccontinental collision since 5 Ma. The drilling penetrated Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary rocks to a depth of 2000 meters below the land surface (mbls) and encountered two major fault zones. Sixteen samples retrieved from the drilled cores at depths between 464 to 1451 mbls were examined to characterize microbial community structures through cultivation-based approaches. Cultivation experiments were performed with various media at temperatures ranging from 30 to 50°C. The results indicate that fermenters and heterotrophic sulfate reducers, using complex organic carbon, were ubiquitously present in most samples. Acetate-utilizing and H2 -utilizing sulfate reducers were restricted to shallower intervals along the depth profile. Iron reducers and methanogens were only cultivated in a few shallow samples. Twelve pure strains including 8 fermenters, 3 iron reducers and
Predicting First-Year Student Success in Learning Communities: The Power of Pre-College Variables

The study used pre-college variables in the prediction of retention and probation status of first-year students in learning communities at a regional public university in South Texas. The correlational study employed multivariate analyses on data collected from the campus registrar about three consecutive cohorts (N = 4,215) of first-year students. Logistic regression models were developed to predict retention and probation status without respect to learning community membership, as well as for each learning community category. The logistic regression model to predict retention regardless of learning community membership included five pre-college variables, while the model to predict probation status included eight pre-college variables, five of which overlapped with the retention model. The models for each learning community contained different sets of predictor variables; the most common pre-college predictors were high school percentile and the number of days since orientation. The results of the study provide practical implications for the learning communities program, as well as learning community scholars interested in targeting interventions to the students who
Effects of Sleep Hygiene Education on Subjective Sleep Quality and Academic Performance

1 Erkan Melih Sahin1, Levent Ozturk2, Demet Gulec Oyekcin3, Aysegul Uludag4 1Department of Family Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale, 2Department of Physiology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, 3Department of Psychiatry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale, 4Department of Family Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale, Turkey Uyku Hijyeni Eğitiminin Etkileri / Effects of Sleep Hygiene Education Effects of Sleep Hygiene Education on Subjective Sleep Quality and Academic Performance
The SLUGGS survey: the assembly histories of individual early-type galaxies

Early-type (E and S0) galaxies may have assembled via a variety of different evolutionary pathways. Here, we investigate these pathways by comparing the stellar kinematic properties of 24 early-type galaxies from the SAGES Legacy Unifying Globulars and GalaxieS (SLUGGS) survey with the hydrodynamical simulations of Naab et al. In particular, we use the kinematics of starlight up to 4 effective radii (Re) as diagnostics of galaxy inner and outer regions, and assign each galaxy to one of six Naab et al. assembly classes. The majority of our galaxies (14/24) have kinematic characteristics that indicate an assembly history dominated by gradual gas dissipation and accretion of many gas-rich minor mergers. Three galaxies, all S0s, indicate that they have experienced gas-rich major mergers in their more recent past. One additional elliptical galaxy is tentatively associated with a gas-rich merger which results in a remnant galaxy with low angular momentum. Pathways dominated by gas-poor (major or minor) mergers dominate the mass growth of six galaxies. Most SLUGGS galaxies appear to have grown in mass (and size) via the accretion of stars and gas from minor mergers, with late major mergers playing a much smaller role. We find that the fraction of accreted stars correlates with the stellar mean age and metallicity gradient, but not with the slope of the total mass density profile. We briefly mention future observational and modelling approaches that will enhance our ability to accurately reconstruct the assembly histories of individual present-day galaxies.
An 8-year Pattern of Orofacial Sarcoma from the National Referral Hospital in United Republic of Tanzania

Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the pattern of head and neck sarcomas among patients treated at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. Background: Sarcomas of the head and neck are very rare, representing only 1% of all primary tumors arising within the head and neck region and accounting for 4 to 10% of all sarcomas, with more than 50 distinct existing histologic subtypes. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective study whereby histological results of the lesions arising from oral and maxillofacial region between 2008 and 2016 were analyzed. Patient’s demographic data, histopathological diagnosis, and the type of sarcoma were recorded. The lesions were broadly grouped as soft and hard tissue sarcomas (HTSs). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19 computer program. Results: Sarcomas accounted for 7% of all lesions occurring in orofacial region. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. The age ranged from 3 to 81 years, mean age being 33 ± 16 years. The most affected age groups were of 30 to 39 followed by 20 to 29 years. Approximately half of the patients were aged below 30 years and three quarters below 40 years. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and rhabdomyosarcoma were the most common soft tissue sarcoma (STS), while osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma were the commonest HTS. Conclusion: The analysis demonstrated that the head and neck sarcomas are a very rare group of neoplasm, with approximately 20 cases per year. The STSs are more common than the HTSs, while KS is the most common, followed by osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Generally, patients less than 40 years of age are the mostly affected, with a slightly higher female predominance. Clinical significance: By contributing to the identification of the incidence of sarcomas at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania, this study promotes scientific understanding of pattern of occurrence and underscores the necessity of early detection of sarcomas, since the affected are young individuals. IJHNS
Impact of M&A Announcement on Stock Returns of Acquirer Companies: New Evidence from Indian Stock Market

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) are often used as preferred tools of corporate structuring to serve a variety of business objectives and add value for the shareholders. Earlier studies have triggered a number of questions regarding the impact of M&As for the shareholders of acquiring companies. This paper focuses on the M&A among Indian companies and the response of the Indian capital market to such attempts as reflected in the changes in the stock return for different window periods close the M&A announcement. The findings of the present study suggest that there is significant impact of M&A announcement on stock returns for almost half of the sample acquirer companies. The study offers evidence in support of the contention that Indian stock market is not efficient in the semi-strong form with respect to M&A announcement information for acquirer companies and emphasizes that investment analyst cannot ignore the information regarding the M&A deals.
Benefits of Employer Brand and the Supporting Trends

DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2017/10-4/4 ABSTRACT. Shortage of qualified staff and constant struggle for talents along with the retention of most valuable employees belong to the hottest personnel issues for the majority of organizations nowadays. HR marketing can significantly help in these areas. Within HR marketing human resources officers become those marketers who strive to keep their organization’s name in the minds of all stakeholders, thus drawing their attention to organization’s qualities as an employer, and in such a way winning by taking care of the most talented employees. The aim of this paper is to determine and evaluate the benefits resulting from employer branding and also to identify the trends conducive to the strengthening of an employer’s brand. The data were obtained using a questionnaire survey (n = 492) in the selected Czech organizations. The results show that employer branding is an important element in all economic sectors and businesses can build their brands by focusing primarily on the stability of their current employees, their continuous development and their retaining of the most valuable knowledge. The article focuses on new strategic trends in building employer’s good brand and attracting the most knowledgable workers.