Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stepping stones of life: natal dispersal in the group-living but noncooperative speckled warbler

In most cooperatively breeding birds the offspring of one sex, usually male, delays dispersal to remain on the natal territory and helps its parents to rear subsequent young. Thus delayed dispersal could be the first step in the evolution of cooperative breeding. We studied natal dispersal in a population of the group-living speckled warbler, Chthonicola sagittata, based on observations of a colour-banded population over 3 years. Unlike other group-living members of the Acanthizinae, all juvenile males in this population dispersed to settle on foreign territories as subordinates, which do not help rear the young. Speckled warblers showed all the life history traits that are thought to result in a saturated habitat and lead to delayed dispersal: they were sedentary, had high adult survival and had a male-biased sex ratio. However, they differed from other acanthizids in occurring at low density (0.18 birds/ha) on large breeding territories (6–12 ha), with a maximum of two males per territory. This may allow subordinates to live on foreign territories yet avoid aggression from dominants. A benefit of dispersal is that it provides an additional route to gaining a breeding vacancy. Dispersers can acquire vacancies on their new territory or on a neighbour’s, but incest avoidance would be likely to constrain nondispersing males to neighbours’ territories. A model of relative lifetime success showed that the survival benefits of natal philopatry are unlikely to outweigh this benefit of dispersal.  2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Social media use, collaborative learning and students’ academic performance: a systematic literature review of theoretical models

This research provided a systematic literature review of theoretical models on interaction and collaborations regarding Information system (IS) and Information Technology (IT). This paper conducted an review of studies dedicated to (IS & IT) on the basis of certain dimensions namely, research theories, review of constructivist theories, definitions of constructivism, social constructivism, theoretical of constructivism, active collaborative learning theory, technology acceptance model (TAM), theory of reasoned action, technology acceptance model and Its extensions, and finally research models and frameworks. The discussion of this research obtained revealed that the interest on the topic has shown an increasing trend over recent years that it has ultimately become a well-known topic for academic research in the future via theories use. From review of theoretical models and related theories we recommend to use constructivism, active collaborative learning theory with (TAM) to measurement performance and satisfaction with social media use as the mediator. However, to boost and enhance the IT continuance intention, it is important that future studies apply considerable use of theoretical and methodological approaches like the qualitative methods to examine the IT continuance intention. © 2005 – ongoing JATIT & LLS.
Neuraminidase inhibitors resistance in influenza viruses - a current medical problem Oporność na inhibitory neuraminidazy - współczesny problem medyczny

Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), including oseltamivir and zanamivir, are an important class of antivirals for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. In contrast to the older class of antivirals – the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) – KSZTAŁCENIE USTAWICZNE • CONTINUOUS MEDICAL EDUCATION (CME) Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2009, 11, 2: 203–209 © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Continuo
Impact of Gender and Age on Hyperthermia-Induced Changes in Respiration of Liver Mitochondria

Aim: This study aimed to compare hyperthermia-induced changes in respiration and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver mitochondria derived from animals of different gender and age. Methods: The effects of hyperthermia (40–47 °C) on oxidation of different substrates and ROS production were estimated in mitochondria isolated from the liver of male and female rats of the 1–1.5, 3–4, or 6–7 months age. Results: Gender-dependent differences in response of respiration to hyperthermia were the highest at 3–4 months of age, less so at 6–7 months of age, and only minor at juvenile age. Mild hyperthermia (40–42 °C) stimulated pyruvate + malate oxidation in mitochondria of females, but inhibited in mitochondria of males in the 3–4 month age group. The resistance of mitochondrial membrane to hyperthermia was the highest at 3–4 month males, and the lowest in the 6–7 month age group. Inhibition of glutamate + malate oxidation by hyperthermia was caused by thermal inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase. ROS generation at 37 °C was higher at 1–1.5 month of age, but the increase in ROS generation with rise in temperature in this age group was the smallest, and the strongest in 6–7 month old animals of both genders. Conclusions: The response to hyperthermia varies during the first 6–7 months of life of experimental animals: stronger gender dependence is characteristic at 3–4 months of age, while mitochondria from 6–7 months animals are less resistant to hyperthermia.
Recombination kinetics of a dense electron-hole plasma in strontium titanate

We investigated the nanosecond-scale time decay of the blue-green light emitted by nominally pure $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ following the absorption of an intense picosecond laser pulse generating a high density of electron-hole pairs. Two independent components are identified in the fluorescence signal that show a different dynamics with varying excitation intensity and which can be modeled as a bimolecular and unimolecolar process. An interpretation of the observed recombination kinetics in terms of interacting electron and hole polarons is proposed.
Cassini observations of planetary‐period oscillations of Saturn's magnetopause

Examination of Cassini magnetic field and plasma data in the outer boundary regions of Saturn's magnetosphere shows that magnetopause oscillations at the planetary period commonly occur, in phase with plasma pressure variations inside the magnetosphere. The peak‐to‐trough amplitude of the boundary oscillations mapped to the planet‐Sun line is estimated to be typically ∼2 RS, corresponding to a ∼10% change in the boundary radius. The change in internal pressure required to produce such motions is estimated to be ∼40% of the background values. A qualitative physical picture is proposed in which a compressive wave propagates outward through the sub‐corotating outer magnetospheric plasma, originating from a corotating source in the nearer‐planet region.
Refractive‐index matching between liquid crystals and photopolymers

Abstract— Refractive indices of two photocurable polymers, NOA65 and NOA81 (Norland Optical Adhesive), and two series of Merck liquid crystals, E‐series (E44, E48, and E7) and BL‐series (BL038, BL003 and BL006), and two UCF high‐birefringence liquid‐crystal mixtures were measured using an Abbe refractometer in the visible spectral region and 15–55°C temperature range. Some liquid crystals have excellent index matching with NOA65 in the red, while some fit better in the blue spectral region. To validate this index‐matching property found in the material level, we prepared some polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal devices. Good correlations between material and device performances are obtained.
Dynamic pull-in instability of geometrically nonlinear actuated micro-beams based on the modified couple stress theory

This paper investigates the dynamic pull-in instability of vibrating micro-beams undergoing large deflection under electrosatically actuation. The governing equation of motion is derived based on the modified couple stress theory. Homotopy Perturbation Method is employed to produce the high accuracy approximate solution as well as the second-order frequency- amplitude relationship. The nonlinear governing equation of micro beam vibrations predeformed by an electric field includes both even and odd nonlinearities. The influences of basic non-dimensional parameters on the pull-in instability as well as the natural frequency are studied. It is demonstrated that two terms in series expansions are sufficient to produce high accuracy solution of the micro-structure. The accuracy of proposed asymptotic approach is validated via numerical results. The phase portrait of the system exhibits periodic and homoclinic orbits.
Disappearing Claims and the Erosion of Substantive Law

The Supreme Court’s arbitration jurisprudence from the last five years represents the culmination of a three-decade-long expansion of the use of private arbitration as an alternative to court adjudication in the resolution of disputes of virtually every type of justiciable claim. Because privatizing disputes that would otherwise be public may well erode public confidence in public institutions and the judicial process, many observers have linked this decades-long privatization of dispute resolution to an erosion of the public realm. Here, I argue that the Court’s recent arbitration jurisprudence undermines the substantive law itself.While this shift from dispute resolution in courts — the public realm — to dispute resolution in arbitration — the private realm — initially undermined values and mechanisms of adjudication, the shift from public lawsuits to private arbitration now also threatens values and mechanisms of lawmaking. This new threat to the lawmaking function stems from a fundamental theoretical shift in the Court’s arbitration jurisprudence, cemented in its 2013 decision in American Express v. Italian Colors. As this piece explains, in Italian Colors, the Supreme Court subtly, but definitively, abandoned its descriptive and normative premise that freedom of contract was justified in the arbitration context because it would result in more cost-effective procedures for resolving disputes, and, accordingly, enforcement of federal statutory regimes. In its place, the Court adopted a reductionist vision of arbitration as any set of private dispute resolution procedures chosen by the parties, no matter how onerous or inefficient, and it held that the Federal Arbitration Act required courts to enforce whatever terms the parties chose. Particularly given a pronounced reliance in the United States upon private litigants to enforce statutory directives, the Court’s recent arbitration jurisprudence now threatens the substantive law itself. Through private arbitration contracts, private parties can effectively rewrite substantive law by rendering a host of legal claims mere nullities. What’s more, private parties can exercise this quasi-lawmaking power almost entirely outside of public view, through rarely read and little-understood provisions in contracts of adhesion subject to scant public scrutiny or regulatory oversight. The largely unchecked power of private entities to recalibrate their legal obligations, now recognized by the Court, leaves little to stop an erosion of substantive law.
Atomic Level 1D Structural Modulations at the Negatively Charged Domain Walls in BiFeO3 Films

Charged domain walls (CDWs) show great potentials to mediate the properties of ferroelectrics. Direct mapping of these domain walls at an atomic scale is of critical importance for understanding the domain wall dominated properties. Here, based on aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, tail‐to‐tail CDWs at 71°, 109°, and 180° domains in BiFeO3 thin films have been identified. 2D mappings demonstrate 1D structural modulations with alternate lattice expansions and clockwise/counterclockwise lattice rotations at these CDWs. Such behaviors of CDWs reveal a remarkable contrast to the uncharged domain walls and imply delicate interactions between bound charges and structural compensations of domain wall. These results are expected to provide new information on domain wall structures and shed some light on the understanding of domain wall properties in ferroelectrics.
Emotional Intelligence and Job Stress among Academic Members at Faculty of Nursing - Cairo University

The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and job stress among academic members at faculty of nursing Cairo University. A convenient sample of 40 academic members at faculty of nursing was recruited in the current study. A descriptive correlational research design was utilized in this study. This research was carried out at the Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University. Three tools were used to collect data of this study include: Sociodemographic data questionnaire, Job Stress Questionnaire and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The findings of the present study revealed that, the majority of academic members had job stress (95%). There was a highly significant inverse relationship between job stress and emotional intelligence. The current study concluded that, there was a negative connection between emotional intelligence and job stress among academic faculty members. This study recommended that, the nursing faculty members need to attend training courses on emotional intelligence to improve their social skills and to expand their proficiency at work. Additionally, there is great need to take into consideration fair and equal distribution of work duties among the faculty members to decrease the workload.
The Effect of Seed Priming on Germination and Seedling Growth of Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus)

Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment which involves a controlled hydration of seeds, sufficient to allow pre-terminative metabolic events to take place while insufficient to allow radicle protrusion through the seed coat. This technique has been used to increase the germination rate, total germination and seedling uniformity, mainly under unfavorable environmental conditions. Little information is available about seedling development of watermelon to seed priming in field condition. To investigate the effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of watermelon, an experiment was conducted at Azad University of Sabzevar with factorial arrangement of treatment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Experimental factors were 3 watermelon cultivars (Niagara, Charleston Gray, and Crimson Sweet) and 5 priming media (HCL 0.1N, NaCl 1.5N, PEG 6000 3%, KNO 3 3%, and none primed). Priming increased watermelon emergence, emergence rate, and plumule length. No significant differences were found to exist on plumule dry weight and radicle length. Priming with PEG and NaCl negatively affected the rate and growth of emerged seedling. Among the assessed priming media, KNO3 had the most effective impact on emergence and seedling growth. Compared with the non-primed seeds, seed priming with KNO3 increased the germination, germination rate and plumule length by 17.87%, 18.65%, and 4.68%, respectively.
Monte Carlo Estimates of Evaluation Metric Error and Bias

Traditional offline evaluations of recommender systems apply metrics from machine learning and information retrieval in settings where their underlying assumptions no longer hold. This results in significant error and bias in measures of top-N recommendation performance, such as precision, recall, and nDCG. Several of the specific causes of these errors, including popularity bias and mis-classified decoy items, are well-explored in the existing literature. In this paper we survey a range of work on identifying and addressing these problems, and report on our work in progress to simulate the recommender data generation and evaluation processes to quantify the extent of evaluation metric errors and assess their sensitivity to various assumptions
University President Compensation : Evidence from the United States

I examine whether compensation of the university president is a function of university type (i.e., top, research, master’s, bachelor’s/specialized). Using a panel dataset containing 761 private universities in the United States, I find that (i) the president’s pay is linked to the university’s performance in the previous period and (ii) the pattern of pay for performance varies across universities of different types. Specifically, top universities’ presidents are incentivized to enhance research activities and private contributions; research universities’ presidents are incentivized to increase tuition revenue but not enrollment; master’s and bachelor’s/specialized universities’ presidents are incentivized to increase tuition revenue and expand enrollment. I do not find evidence that presidents’ pay is linked to relative performance evaluation, measured by the institution’s US News & World Report ranking. I obtain these results after using a university-president pair fixed effects model that controls for unobservable university and president characteristics.
Plasma flow, turbulence and magnetic islands in TJ-II

The effect of magnetic islands on plasma flow and turbulence has been experimentally investigated in ohmically induced magnetic configuration scans at the stellarator TJ-II. This operational mode allows sweeping the radial position of a low order rational surface from the plasma core towards the edge in a controlled way, what reveals effects that are difficult to notice in scans performed on a shot to shot basis. The main diagnostic used in the present work is a two-channel Doppler reflectometer that allows the measurement of the perpendicular rotation velocity of the turbulence and density fluctuations with good spatial and temporal resolution. A characteristic signature of the n/m = 3/2 magnetic island as it crosses the measurement position is clearly detected: the perpendicular flow reverses at the center of the magnetic island and a flow shear develops at the island boundaries. Fluctuations of the perpendicular flow and density have been also measured along the 3/2 magnetic island. An increase in the low frequency flow oscillations is measured at the magnetic island boundaries together with a reduction in the density fluctuation level; the later being more pronounced at the inner island boundary. These observations could explain the link between magnetic islands and transport barriers observed in a number of fusion devices.
Dating multiple change points in the correlation matrix

A nonparametric procedure for detecting and dating multiple change points in the correlation matrix of sequences of random variables is proposed. The procedure is based on a recently proposed test for changes in correlation matrices at an unknown point in time. Although the procedure requires constant expectations and variances, only mild assumptions on the serial dependence structure are assumed. The convergence rate of the change point estimators is derived and the asymptotic validity of the procedure is proved. Moreover, the performance of the proposed algorithm in finite samples is illustrated by means of a simulation study and the analysis of a real data example with financial returns. These examples show that the algorithm has large power in finite samples.
Digitization of Analog Phonic Archives in a University Lab: A Report on a Young Apprenticeship Initiative

This paper discusses an initiative of young apprenticeship for Italian secondary school students, carried out in a university lab rather than in a traditional working environment. The practical aim of the proposal was to make participants digitize phonic archives on analog media, such as open-reel tapes and vinyl records. The goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive review of this experience, highlighting the educational value of young apprenticeship activities in an academic context and critically analyzing its strengths and weaknesses. The work will also discuss the feedback received from students.
Internet Delivery of PREP-based Relationship Education for Older Couples

Healthy marriage has been associated with increased longevity and better health in later life. At the same time, many older couples will confront age-related stressors that may result in relationship distress, such as declining health, decisions about retirement, and caring for elderly parents and/or adult children. Yet empirical knowledge of relationship dynamics among older couples is limited, and there appears to have been little development, provision, or assessment of research-based relationship services for
Updates to Congressional Speech Acts on Twitter

Over the last several years, research on our elected officials’ use of social media as a political communication platform has greatly increased. While the bulk of social media-related research focuses on elections, social media-traditional media connections, or the effect of politicians’ social media communications on people’s attitudes and opinions, the present study shows how members of the U.S. Congress use Twitter to engage in a range of speech-based actions. Examples of these speech-based actions include narration about one’s day or recent events, providing information in the form of online or offline information, and positioning for/against policies and other politicians. In terms of outcomes, this paper provides updates regarding gender, chamber, and party-based differences. Second, based on the assumption that speech acts now occur in hybrid form, this paper examines how polarizing political communications are couched in more subdued formats. Third, a set of recommendations is provided to help journalists and citizens identify these hybrid speech-based actions before making a potentially misinformed retweet or comment. In this way, the function of Twitter use by elected officials is further explained and our understanding of Twitter’s role in U.S. political communication is further deepened. ~ Prepared for the 2018 American Political Science Association Annual Conference ~ * Corresponding author: ​shapiro@iit.edu
A Descriptive Study on the Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Infections and Species-specific Distribution of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Married Women of the South of Iran

Article type: Original article Background & aim: As literature shows about 20% of non-pregnant women aged 1555 harbour Candida albicans in the vagina. This study aimed to determine the characterization of Candida species isolated from women with vulvovaginal candidiasis during reproductive ages. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 280 females who were selected through purposive sampling based on their history and characteristics of vaginal discharges in 2009. Among these patients, 105 females were diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis. The data were collected using a form inquiring demographic characteristics, infection history, and infection features. The species were differentiated using germ tube test, CHROMagar test, and chlamydospore test. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics using SPSS 16. Results: According the results of the study, the prevalence of Candida vaginitis was found to be 9.3%. Chlamydospore was detected on 54.3% of the corn meal agar media. Besides, in CHROMagar test, 41.9% of the samples turned into green representing C. albicans. On the other hand, in germ tube test, 70.5% of the samples were C. albicans, while 29.5% of them were C. non-albicans. Overall, the frequency of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. Krusei were 66.6%, 219%, 8.6%, and 2.9%, respectively. Conclusion: C. albicans was the most common species leading to the Vulvovaginitis in patients with VCC while other species were at the secondary importance stages. Due to inaccurate diagnosis of the disease based on the clinical symptoms, fungal culture is recommended as a standard diagnostic method. Article History: Received: 23Sept -2015 Accepted: 7Sept -2016