Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Striving to Earn More: A Survey of Work Strategies and Tool Use Among Crowd Workers

Earning money is a primary motivation for workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk, but earning a good wage is difficult because work that pays well is not easily identified and can be time-consuming to find. We explored the strategies that both low- and high-earning workers use to find and complete tasks via a survey of 360 workers. Nearly all workers surveyed had earning money as their primary goal, and workers used many of the same tools (browser extensions and scripts) and strategies in an attempt to earn more money, regardless of earning level. However, high-earning workers used more tools, were more involved in worker communities, and more heavily used batch completion strategies. A natural next step is to use automated systems to assist workers with finding and completing tasks. Workers found this idea interesting, but expressed concerns about impact on the quality of their work and whether using automated tools to support them would violate platform rules. We conclude with ideas for future work in supporting workers to earn more and design considerations for such tools.
Histological Comparison Of Two Staining Methods In Identification Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In Granulomatous Lymphadenitis.

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis, among human bacterial infections is very important disease of modern world and disease has forensic importance. Extra pulmonary infection is also very common. Histopathology of effected tissue is an important diagnostic modality. Demonstration of mycobacterium tuberculosis in granulomas is necessary for definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis, as many different granulomatous diseases may mimic tuberculosis. Study was conducted to see the positivity of mycobacterium Tuberculosis in tuberculous lymphadenitis and comparative difference in two stains. METHODS A correctional study on tuberculosis was performed in PGMI Lahore in collaboration with pathology department Ayub medical college Abbottabad. Fifty cases of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue block previously diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis on histopathology were selected. Three-micron thick section were taken and stained with Zn stain and Auramin/ Rhodamin stain. The results were compared; statistical analysis was done using 2×2 table. RESULTS Out of 33(66%) female and 17 (34%) male patients ranging from 9-80 years 9 (18%) were positive for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis with Zn stain and 21 (42%) were positive in Auramine/ Rhodamine staining procedure. CONCLUSIONS Auramine/ Rhodamine staining procedure was superior to Zn staining method for tissue staining of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
Comparison Of Solubility And Water Sorption Of Two Different Soft Lining Material.

BACKGROUND Soft denture lining materials play a very important role in Removable Prosthodontics because of their ability to provide a cushioning effect for maintaining the health of traumatized, swollen and deformed mucosa through absorption and equal redistribution of stresses over the entire area covered by denture, thus eliminating the distortion of oral mucosa. The objective of this investigation is to quantify and relate the mean solubility and water sorption of acrylic resin based permanent soft liner with a silicone based permanent soft liner. METHODS Two different permanent soft denture liners, i.e., acrylic and silicone based are selected for this study, 30 samples of each material are prepared in the form of circular disks of the 30 disks, and three subgroups of ten disks each are made for the two materials. Initially the processed disks will be weighed 3 times daily with an analytical balance until a constant weight is achieved. This initial weight of each specimen is denoted by W1. Each subgroup of 10 specimens is immersed in 250 ml of 37 °C distilled water in a sealed polyethylene container. First subgroup is tested after 1 week, second after 4 weeks and third after 6 weeks of immersion. RESULTS Ever soft has higher solubility (1.67mg/cm2 ±0.26 mg/cm2laboratory-processed) and sorption (0.84 mg/cm2 ±0.35 mg/cm2laboratory-processed) than Molloplast B (0.40 mg/cm2 ±0.08 mg/cm2solubility and 0.27 mg/cm2 ±0.16 mg/cm2 sorption) after 6 weeks of immersion. CONCLUSIONS It is therefore concluded that Molloplast B may provide better clinical success based on its lower solubility and water sorption.
Factor Structure of the Escala de Autoeficacia para la Depresión en Adolescentes (EADA)

The current concept and measures of self-efficacy for depression in adolescents do not consider developmental and cultural aspects essential to understand and assess this construct in Latino youth. We examined the factor structure of the Escala de Autoeficacia para la Depresión en Adolescentes (EADA), a Spanish instrument designed to assess this construct as experienced by this population. Participants were 116 Puerto Rican adolescents aged 13 to 17 years who completed the EADA and two other self-report measures. An exploratory factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution (Personal Self-Efficacy for Depression and Interpersonal Self-Efficacy for Depression) accounting for 37.57% of the total variance. Results revealed that EADA factors have excellent internal consistency as well as concurrent and construct validity, supporting its adequacy to assess Latino adolescents’ self-efficacy for depression. The conceptual meaning of the factors was consistent with the distinction between aspects of this construct hypothesized to be important among Latino youth.
O-GlcNAcylation Signal Mediates Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance in Cancer Cells by Stabilizing NRF1

Cancer cells often heavily depend on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) for their growth and survival. Irrespective of their strong dependence on the proteasome activity, cancer cells, except for multiple myeloma, are mostly resistant to proteasome inhibitors. ABSTRACT Cancer cells often heavily depend on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) for their growth and survival. Irrespective of their strong dependence on the proteasome activity, cancer cells, except for multiple myeloma, are mostly resistant to proteasome inhibitors. A major cause of this resistance is the proteasome bounce-back response mediated by NRF1, a transcription factor that coordinately activates proteasome subunit genes. To identify new targets for efficient suppression of UPS, we explored, using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, the possible existence of nuclear proteins that cooperate with NRF1 and identified O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and host cell factor C1 (HCF-1) as two proteins capable of forming a complex with NRF1. O-GlcNAcylation catalyzed by OGT was essential for NRF1 stabilization and consequent upregulation of proteasome subunit genes. Meta-analysis of breast and colorectal cancers revealed positive correlations in the relative protein abundance of OGT and proteasome subunits. OGT inhibition was effective at sensitizing cancer cells to a proteasome inhibitor both in culture cells and a xenograft mouse model. Since active O-GlcNAcylation is a feature of cancer metabolism, our study has clarified a novel linkage between cancer metabolism and UPS function and added a new regulatory axis to the regulation of the proteasome activity.
When support is needed: Social support solicitation and provision in an online alcohol use disorder forum

Background Obtaining adequate social support presents a challenge for many in addiction recovery. Increasingly, individuals in recovery use online forums to exchange support with peers, yet it is unclear which help-seeking strategies most effectively recruit peer support, and which forms of support are most valued by recipients. Methods This study applied quantitative content analysis to examine social support solicitation and delivery in an online forum for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We compared the frequency with which peers provided informational, emotional, and companionship support after solicitations that: (1) were direct or indirect, (2) disclosed positive or negative emotions, and (3) mentioned or did not mention recovery problems. We assessed likelihood that recipients would express gratitude after receiving each type of support, and assessed whether the “match” between solicitation and disclosure styles influenced rates of gratitude expression. Results Emotional disclosures, whether positive or negative, received the highest volume of supportive replies. Emotional support was the most common response to solicitations overall, and was disproportionately offered after recipients disclosed positive emotions. Informational support was disproportionately offered after recipients disclosed negative emotions or recovery problems, or explicitly requested help. Regardless of their solicitation style, recipients expressed more gratitude after receiving emotional support than other support types. Conclusions Providing emotional support was common in an online AUD forum, and precipitated expressing gratitude from recipients to support providers. The results may be helpful in guiding participants to more effectively obtain and provide recovery support in online forums.
Analysis of the effect of dietary protected organic acid blend on lactating sows and their piglets

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of blends of dietary protected organic acid supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, faecal microflora, and gas emission on sows and piglets with emphasis on their modes of action to improve pig performance. A total of 12 sows with an average initial body weight (BW) of 252.40±11.7 kg were used in this trial. Growth performance, blood profiles, and nutrient digestibility of sows and piglets fed protected organic acid were evaluated. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (CON); CON + 0.1% protected organic acid; and CON + 0.2% protected organic acid. The BW and back fat of sows was checked four days prior to farrowing and at the weaning day to calculate BW loss and back fat loss during that period. Inclusion of 0.2% protected organic acid provided a greater digestibility than CON diets throughout the experimental period in lactating sows. Dietary supplementation with 0.2% protected organic acid led to a higher white blood cell and lymphocyte concentration than CON treatment in sucking piglets. Immunoglobulin G concentration observed was greater in protected organic acid groups in lactating sow and sucking piglets. Increased faecal Lactobacillus counts with decreased E. coli concentrations were observed with the diets of protected organic acid fed to lactating sows. The E. coli counts were decreased in weaning piglets. The faecal H2S contents were decreased in 0.2% protected organic acid diets during farrowing on day 1. Dietary supplementation with protected organic acid blends beneficially affects the nutrient digestibility, ileal noxious gas (NH3 and H2S) emission, as well as intestinal microbial balance in lactating sows.
Soft-error tolerant design in near-threshold-voltage computing

In the advanced CMOS VLSI designs, lower supply voltage and smaller transistor lead to critical design challenges in dealing with soft-error interference, especial for the deisgn operating under near-threshold voltage. Some possible near-threshold voltage SEU-tolerant and SET-tolerant circuit design methods are discussed in this paper, such as robust C-element, Dual-Modular-Redundancy, Error-Correction with Duplication, and Error-Correction-with-shift-Timing-Output designs.
Therapeutic effects of oral clomiphene citrate in 2 dogs with low plasma testosterone levels and poor semen quality

Two dogs with low plasma testosterone (T) levels and poor semen quality were administered one tablet of 12.5 mg clomiphene citrate orally per day at 2-day intervals for 4 weeks. Plasma T levels, total sperm count, and sperm motility in both dogs temporarily increased between 3 and 6 weeks after the start of treatment. These results indicate that poor semen quality in dogs with low plasma T level can be improved by oral administration of clomiphene citrate.
Improving Long-Term Outcomes After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: From Observational Follow-Up Programs Toward Risk Stratification

Since the introduction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), more neonates and children with cardiorespiratory failure survive. Interest has therefore shifted from reduction of mortality toward evaluation of long-term outcomes and prevention of morbidity. This review addresses the changes in ECMO population and the ECMO-treatment that may affect long-term outcomes, the diagnostic modalities to evaluate neurological morbidities and their contributions to prognostication of long-term outcomes. Most follow-up data have only become available from observational follow-up programs in neonatal ECMO-survivors. The main topics are discussed in this review. Recommendations for long-term follow up depend on the presence of neurological comorbidity, the nature and extent of the underlying disease, and the indication for ECMO. Follow up should preferably be offered as standard of care, and in an interdisciplinary, structured and standardized way. This permits evaluation of outcome data and effect of interventions. We propose a standardized approach and recommend that multiple domains should be evaluated during long-term follow up of neonates and children who needed extracorporeal life support.
Interactive comment on “ Kaolinite particles as ice nuclei : learning from the use of different types of kaolinite and different coatings ” by H . Wex

We thank Peter Alpert and Daniel Knopf for their comment on our manuscript and apologize for not having cited their work, which had happened simply due to the fact that we had not been aware of it at the time of submitting our manuscript. We have included it now. As this comment was mostly describing and summarizing the model presented in Knopf and Alpert (2013), together with evaluating a fraction of our data with the method presented therein, we do not answer to this review point by point but instead answer here directly. Following your recommendation in the review, we added a figure similar to Fig. 2 from your review to the supplemental material of the manuscript (shown as Fig. C.1 below). It shows our measurements for coated particles in the water sub-saturated regime, compared with data from Murray et al. (2011) and Pinti et al. (2012). With respect to the nature of the IN immersed in the droplets, our data follows your theory “C” (we pasted the text of your review below our answer and marked the respective part in yellow and also cite it here): “freezing temperatures for these modified particles would also follow predicted freezing curves as a function of aw . only that two different parameterizations would be required to describe the freezing kinetics of these two different particle types. ” You remarked that: “There may or may not be limitations when applying the ABIFM to particles in which their surface is chemically or physically altered, e. g. by reactions of Fluka kaolinite with sulfuric acid. ” Fig. C.1, right panel, shows a deviation of the data for Fluka kaolinite particles when they are coated with succinic acid (SuccA) or Levoglucosan (LG) from the bulk of the data for CMS kaolinite. Fluka kaolinite particles coated with sulfuric acid, however, are rather similar to CMS kaolinite particles, which seems to reflect that altering Fuka kaolinite particles with sulfuric acid changes their character. This corroborates our results.
Vertical stratification of plant–pollinator interactions in a temperate grassland

Visitation of plants by different pollinators depends on individual plant traits, spatial context, and other factors. A neglected aspect of small-scale variation of plant–pollinator interactions is the role of vertical position of flowers. We conducted a series of experiments to study vertical stratification of plant–pollinator interactions in a dry grassland. We observed flower visitors on cut inflorescences of Centaurea scabiosa and Inula salicina placed at different heights above ground in two types of surrounding vegetation: short and tall. Even at such a small-scale, we detected significant shift in total visitation rate of inflorescences in response to their vertical position. In short vegetation, inflorescences close to the ground were visited more frequently, while in tall vegetation, inflorescences placed higher received more visits. Moreover, we found major differences in the composition of the pollinator community on flowers at different heights. In a second experiment, we measured flower visitation rate in inflorescences of Salvia verticillata of variable height. Total flower visitation rate increased markedly with inflorescence height in this case. Data on seed set of individual plants provide evidence for a corresponding positive pollinator-mediated selection on increased inflorescence height. Overall, our results demonstrate strong vertical stratification of plant–pollinator interactions at the scale of mere decimetres. This may have important ecological as well as evolutionary implications.
CNT-based EMBG resonator for CO2 gas detection

In this paper, we present the experimental results obtained in the microwave frequency range for a new CO2 gas detection device that uses an electromagnetic band gap (EMBG) resonator covered with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The single-wall CNTs (SWCNTs) layer was deposited over the EMBG resonator in the central area, where two coupled lines are placed. The microwave S-parameter measurements of the CNT-based EMBG resonator in air (no gas) and kept inside of a chamber filled with CO2 demonstrate a shift in the resonance frequency of about 135 MHz and a phase shift of about 26.33 degrees for a 0.72% CO2 concentration. A very good sensitivity of about 29.72% was obtained for 0.72% CO2 concentration.
Psychological, pharmacological, and combined treatments for binge eating disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of psychological, pharmacological, and combined treatments for binge eating disorder (BED). Method Systematic search and meta-analysis. Results We found 45 unique studies with low/medium risk of bias, and moderate support for the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and CBT guided self-help (with moderate quality of evidence), and modest support for interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), and lisdexamfetamine (with low quality of evidence) in the treatment of adults with BED in terms of cessation of or reduction in the frequency of binge eating. The results on weight loss were disappointing. Only lisdexamfetamine showed a very modest effect on weight loss (low quality of evidence). While there is limited support for the long-term effect of psychological treatments, we have currently no data to ascertain the long-term effect of drug treatments. Some undesired side effects are more common in drug treatment compared to placebo, while the side effects of psychological treatments are unknown. Direct comparisons between pharmaceutical and psychological treatments are lacking as well as data to generalize these results to adolescents. Conclusion We found moderate support for the efficacy of CBT and guided self-help for the treatment of BED. However, IPT, SSRI, and lisdexamfetamine received only modest support in terms of cessation of or reduction in the frequency of binge eating. The lack of long-term follow-ups is alarming, especially with regard to medication. Long-term follow-ups, standardized assessments including measures of quality of life, and the study of underrepresented populations should be a priority for future research.
Role of Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolites in the Remote Effect of Intestinal Inflammation on Brain and Depression

The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by trillions of commensal bacteria collectively known as the gut microbiota. Our recognition of the significance of the complex interaction between the microbiota, and its host has grown dramatically over the past years. A balanced microbial community is a key regulator of the immune response, and metabolism of dietary components, which in turn, modulates several brain processes impacting mood and behavior. Consequently, it is likely that disruptions within the composition of the microbiota would remotely affect the mental state of the host. Here, we discuss how intestinal bacteria and their metabolites can orchestrate gut-associated neuroimmune mechanisms that influence mood and behavior leading to depression. In particular, we focus on microbiota-triggered gut inflammation and its implications in shifting the tryptophan metabolism towards kynurenine biosynthesis while disrupting the serotonergic signaling. We further investigate the gaps to be bridged in this exciting field of research in order to clarify our understanding of the multifaceted crosstalk in the microbiota–gut–brain interphase, bringing about novel, microbiota-targeted therapeutics for mental illnesses.
Measuring detachment of Aspergillus niger spores from colonies with an atomic force microscope

Detachment of fungal spores from moldy surfaces and the subsequent aerosolization can lead to adverse health effects. Spore aerosolization occurs when the forces for aerosolization exceed the binding forces of spores with their colonies. The threshold force to detach a spore from a growing colony remains unknown. This investigation measured the detachment of spores of Aspergillus niger from a colony using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The spores were first affixed to the cantilever of the AFM with ultraviolet curing glue, and then, the colony was moved downward until the spores detached. The threshold detachment forces were inferred from the deflection of the cantilever. In addition, the spores were aerosolized in a wind tunnel by a gradual increase of the blowing air speed. The forces measured by the AFM were compared with the hydrodynamic forces for aerosolization. The AFM measurements revealed that a force of 3.27 ± 0.25 nN was required to detach a single spore from the 4-day-old colony, while 1.98 ± 0.13 nN was sufficient for the 10-day-old colony. Slightly smaller detachment forces were observed by the AFM than were determined by the aerosolization tests.
Probiotics: future directions 1–3

Clinical studies have shown that certain probiotics may be useful in treating a variety of diarrheal disorders, including rotavirus diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile diarrhea, and traveler’s diarrhea. New data suggest that probiotics might be useful in controlling inflammatory diseases, treating and preventing allergic diseases, preventing cancer, and stimulating the immune system, which may reduce the incidence of respiratory disease. Different modes of administering probiotics are currently being investigated, which may ultimately lead to the widespread use of probiotics in func-tional foods. It is important that such practices be directed by carefully controlled clinical studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73(suppl):1152S–5S.