Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early increase in pulmonary vascular reactivity with overexpression of endothelin‐1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in canine experimental heart failure

Heart failure is a cause of pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodelling, leading to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and decreased survival. The pathobiology of PH in heart failure remains incompletely understood. We investigated pulmonary vascular function and signalling molecules in early stage PH secondary to experimental heart failure. Eight beagle dogs with overpacing‐induced heart failure underwent haemodynamic assessment and postmortem pulmonary arterial reactivity, morphometry and quantification of genes encoding for factors involved in vascular reactivity and remodelling: endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), ETA and ETB receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase, angiopoietin‐1, bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPR1A and BMPR2), serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) and the 5‐HT2B receptor. Overpacing was associated with a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in pulmonary vascular pressures. However, there were no changes in pulmonary vascular resistance or in arteriolar medial thickness. There were increased expressions of genes encoding for ET‐1, ETB, VEGF and VEGFR2, while expression of the other genes analysed remained unchanged. In vitro, pulmonary arteries showed decreased relaxation and increased reactivity, while systemic mammary arteries were unaffected. Early PH in heart failure is characterized by altered vasoreactivity and increased ET‐1/ETB and VEGF/VEGFR2 signalling.
The criteria for successful services brands

There are few valuable services brands, which may be due to the lack of services branding knowledge and the inappropriate use of product‐based branding advice. To contribute to services branding knowledge the authors undertook a review of the services management and services branding literature and postulated a model of services branding. In‐depth interviews with 28 leading‐edge consultants showed the appropriateness of this model. The study found a need for ruthless clarity about positioning and the corporation's genuinely felt values. Success is more likely when everyone internally believes in their brand's values. When management behaviour is based on genuine conviction, shared values are more likely. Through shared values, there is a greater likelihood of commitment, internal loyalty, clearer brand understanding, and importantly, consistent brand delivery across all stakeholders. By viewing these factors within a systems perspective, greater services brand consistency can result.
Alcoholics Anonymous attendance, decreases in impulsivity and drinking and psychosocial outcomes over 16 years: moderated-mediation from a developmental perspective.

AIMS To examine whether decreases in impulsivity account for links between Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) attendance and better drinking and psychosocial outcomes, and whether these mediational 'effects' are conditional on age. DESIGN A naturalistic study in which individuals were assessed at baseline, and 1, 8 and 16 years later. SETTING Participants initiated help-seeking through the alcohol intervention system (detoxification programs, information and referral centers). PARTICIPANTS Individuals with alcohol use disorders and no prior history of substance abuse treatment at baseline [n=628; 47% women; mean age=34.7 years (standard deviation=9.4)]. MEASUREMENTS Self-reports of impulsivity and drinking pattern at baseline and year 1, duration of AA (number of weeks) in year 1 and drinking (alcohol use problems, self-efficacy to resist drinking) and psychosocial outcomes (emotional discharge coping, social support) at baseline and follow-ups. FINDINGS Controlling for changes in drinking pattern, decreases in impulsivity were associated with fewer alcohol use problems, better coping and greater social support and self-efficacy at year 1, and better coping and greater social support at year 8. Decreases in impulsivity statistically mediated associations between longer AA duration and improvements on all year 1 outcomes and indirect effects were moderated by participant age (significant only for individuals 25 years of age or younger). CONCLUSIONS Decreased impulsivity appears to mediate reductions in alcohol-related problems over 8 years in people attending Alcoholics Anonymous.
Is Beta Really Not Priced?

In this study I show that Fama and French's (1992) conclusion that betas do not explain the cross-section of asset returns may be due to a few implementation methods used for their tests. First, I show that post-formation portfolio returns tend to be much higher than market portfolio returns, which leads to a significant positive intercept in the Fama-MacBeth regression. Second, a majority of stocks in pre-formation portfolios migrate to other (post-formation) portfolios over a short period of time so that the cross-sectional return difference of post-formation portfolios becomes less significant. After correcting for these problems, I show that beta is cross-sectionally priced and that the estimated premium is close to the average excess market return even in the presence of size.
Input and Language Development in Bilingually Developing Children

Abstract Language skills in young bilingual children are highly varied as a result of the variability in their language experiences, making it difficult for speech-language pathologists to differentiate language disorder from language difference in bilingual children. Understanding the sources of variability in bilingual contexts and the resulting variability in children's skills will help improve language assessment practices by speech-language pathologists. In this article, we review literature on bilingual first language development for children under 5 years of age. We describe the rate of development in single and total language growth, we describe effects of quantity of input and quality of input on growth, and we describe effects of family composition on language input and language growth in bilingual children. We provide recommendations for language assessment of young bilingual children and consider implications for optimizing children's dual language development.
Reflections on nursing as a career choice.

AIM The study sought to explore (1) reasons for choosing nursing as a career; (2) expectations, if any, of nursing; (3) whether those expectations had been realized; (4) how such expectations had been met or could be met. BACKGROUND Nursing recruitment and retention are of central concern to health care. The Audit Commission have highlighted the costs of 'preventable' staff attrition and suggested that staff turnover may be minimized if staff policies reflected an understanding of the views and aspirations of staff. METHOD A semi-structured interview survey was conducted with a quota sample of undergraduates attending one university (n = 40). Different course groups were represented. FINDINGS Satisfaction of caring for people together with long-term desire to nurse emerged as important factors influencing career choice. Expectations included working in a caring team and having a satisfying career. Conflict experienced in the clinical setting, disappointment over the treatment of nurses and changes within the NHS and nursing were considered among the factors detracting from nursing as a career. CONCLUSION Health care management must recognize issues of concern to nurses and develop policies which make nurses feel valued.
Corporate real estate investment and ownership : empirical evidence from bursa Malaysia listed companies / Ting Kien Hwa

This study examines the extent of corporate realeslafe holdings by non-properly companies listed on Bursa Malaysia for the 1995 to 2001 period. Several measures are used to determine the extent of realesfate ownership which include size, dollar value and ratios which compare properiy with asset and capital structure. The results of this study have provided strong evidence that corporate realesfafe is a significanf asset in the balance sheets of Malaysian listed non-property companies. For the year 2001, the total real estate owned by a selected 500 non-property companies amounted to RM96.27billion representing 20.7% of the total market capitalization (RM465 billion) of Bursa Malaysia and it constituted about 24% of the total tangible assels of these firms. The sample size represents 61.6% of the total 812 companies of Bursa Malaysia or 68Yo of the total 735 non-propefty companies.The average value of propefties owned by a listed non-property company for the 1995-2001 study period is RM137 million. On average realesfafe comprises 36% of net tangible assefs, 34% of shareholders' equity, 35% of market capitatization, 27%o of total capital employed and 19% of total tangible assels of listed non-propefty companies for the 1995-2001 period. The level of property ownership of a company is affected by its industrial sector.Property holdings vary from 7%o for the Mining Secfor to 50% in the Hotel Sector. The Plantation and HotelSecfors are the sectors having a high levet of propefty holdings. The one way ANOVA shows that the real estate assef intensities are significantty different from one sector to another. The Scheffe test confirms that the plantation and HotelSecfors are significantly different other secfors. Propefty intensity is negatively related to shareholders'equity, market capitalization, and total long term assef. But it is positively related to totat liability.
Meeting the Challenges Facing Clinical Research: Solutions Proposed by Leaders of Medical Specialty and Clinical Research Societies

The development of a robust national clinical research enterprise is needed to improve health care, but faces formidable challenges. To define the impediments and formulate solutions, the Institute of Medicine's Clinical Research Roundtable convened leaders from medical specialty and clinical research societies in 2003. Participants considered how to influence clinical research funding priorities, promote mechanisms to train physicians and other health care professionals to conduct clinical research, and how to encourage health care providers to follow evidence-based medical practice. Consensus emerged on multiple issues, including intersociety collaboration, the need for a core clinical research curriculum for training the new cadre of clinical researchers, joint advocacy for increased funding of clinical research and for the education of policymakers and the public on the benefits of clinical research. Specific recommendations were made on mechanisms for recruitment, training, and retention of clinical research trainees and mentors. Steps were outlined (1) to overcome career disincentives and develop appropriate reward systems for mentors and trainees, (2) to encourage use of web-based and continuing-medical-education-based mechanisms to bring practitioners up to date on issues in and results of clinical research, and (3) to create incentives for individuals, clinics, and hospitals to practice evidence-based medicine (EBM). Collectively, the response and proposed strategies can serve as a roadmap to improve clinical research funding and training, evidence-based medical practice, and health care quality.
Explaining the lack of strategic planning in SMEs: The importance of owner motivation

Considerable evidence shows that strategic planning leads to increased firm performance. Yet, the majority of SMEs do not plan and the reasons why are not well understood. This article questions the common approach to understanding this problem based on identifying business barriers to planning. For the majority of SME owneroperators, business performance often ranks far behind intangible goals such as autonomy, personal satisfaction and lifestyle. Strategic planning may therefore have little value to owner-operators driven by such motivators. This article presents an alternative perspective to the issue by arguing that owner aspirations are integral to whether or not SMEs strategically plan.
rac-3-{4-[(2-Hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-3-phenyl-5-sulfanylidene-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl}-1,3-diphenylpropan-1-one

In the title compound, C30H24N4O2S, the four phenyl rings of the substituent groups make dihedral angles of 88.1 (2), 81.0 (2), 21.4 (2) and 44.6 (2)° with the triazole group. An intramolecular hydroxy–imino O—H⋯N hydrogen bond results in the formation of an approximately planar (r.m.s deviation = 0.0230 Å) six-membered ring.
Epidemiology of lower extremity injuries among U.S. high school athletes.

OBJECTIVES Despite the health benefits of organized sports, high school athletes are at risk for lower extremity sports-related injuries (LESRIs). The authors documented the epidemiology of LESRIs among U.S. high school athletes. METHODS Via two-stage sampling, 100 U.S. high schools were randomly selected. During the 2005 school year, LESRIs in nine sports were reported: boys' baseball, football, and wrestling; girls' softball and volleyball; and boys' and girls' basketball and soccer. The authors calculated rates as the ratio of LESRIs to the number of athlete exposures. National estimates were generated by assigning injuries a sample weight based on the inverse probability of the school's selection into the study. RESULTS Among high school athletes in 2005, 2,298 of 4,350 injuries (52.8%) were LESRIs. This represents an estimated 807,222 LESRIs in U.S. high school athletes in nine sports (1.33/1,000 athlete exposures). Football had the highest LESRI rate for boys (2.01/1,000) and soccer the highest for girls (1.59/1,000). Leading diagnoses were sprains (50%), strains (17%), contusions (12%), and fractures (5%). The ankle (40%), knee (25%), and thigh (14%) were most frequently injured. Fractures occurred most often in the ankle (42%), lower leg (29%), or foot (18%). Girls with ligamentous knee injuries required surgery twice as often as boys (67% vs. 35%; p < 0.01). Girls had 1.5 times the proportion of season-ending LESRIs of boys (12.5% vs. 8%; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS While LESRIs occur commonly in high school athletes, team- and gender-specific patterns exist. Emergency department staff will likely encounter such injuries. To optimize prevention strategies, ongoing surveillance is needed.
Crowdfunding Creative Ideas: The Dynamics of Project Backers in Kickstarter

Entrepreneurs are turning to crowdfunding as a way to finance their creative ideas. Crowdfunding involves relatively small contributions of many consumer-investors over a fixed time period (generally a few weeks). The purpose of this paper is to add to our empirical understanding of backer dynamics over the project funding cycle. Two years of publicly available data on projects listed on Kickstarter is used to establish that the typical pattern of project support is U-shaped — in general, backers are more likely to contribute to a project in the first and last week as compared to the middle period of the funding cycle. We further establish that this U-shape pattern of support is pervasive across projects, including both successfully and unsuccessfully funded projects, those with large and small goals, and projects in different categories. We then empirically explore the dynamics associated with several factors, including collective attention effects from platform sorting options, the role of family and friends in supporting projects, the effects of social influence, and the role of project updates over the project funding cycle.
Extended Shopping Experiences in Hypermarket

Hypermarkets were introduced as a self-service concept for grocery retailing in which the service provided is very limited. In line with the transformation in hypermarket retailing, the service that is offered has been improvised to enhance the overall shopping experience. Nowadays, hypermarkets are not just a place to purchase basic essential groceries for the household but also as a place for shoppers to spend time together with family and friends. In general, the hypermarket retailing concept has been upgraded and is comparable to a shopping centre. This research focuses on shopper preferences towards the enhancement of hypermarket shopping experiences in five main service categories: 1) banking services, 2) children’s playgrounds or indoor play-lands, 3) covered parking area, 4) food and beverage area, as well as 5) post office.
Still serving the community? The professionalisation of the UK charity retail sector

The charity retail format has experienced significant growth over the last 30 years to a situation where charity shops have now become a taken for granted feature of local high streets across the UK. Traditionally charity shops have played an important service role in their local communities by providing low cost goods and employing voluntary staff. However, alongside the growth of the sector, charities have become increasingly professional in their approach to managing their shops. Changes include the introduction of paid managers and shop assistants and an overall ’‘trading up” of the charity retail environment. This paper explores in detail this professionalisation of the charity retail sector. It then examines the impact of this professionalisation on the role of charity shops in their local communities and speculate on the likely future for charity retail in this context.
Key Determinants of Student Satisfaction When Undertaking Group Work.

The increasing popularity of team structures in business environment coupled with the common practice of including group projects/assignments in university curricula means that business schools should direct efforts towards maximizing team as well as personal results. Yet, m ost frameworks for studying teams center exclusively on team level outcomes to address organizational needs . Far fewer studies have examined effectiveness at individual team member level in an educational context. The quantitative study on which this paper is based investigated the impact of team process on the effectiveness of individual satisfaction in group work amongst business students in Hong Kong with work group effectiveness and management educational literature providing the theoretical background. The study surveyed 489 university business students and revealed that all three team process factors, namely workload sharing, mutual support and communication play a positive and significant role in individual satisfaction in team settings.
Non‐calyceal excitatory inputs mediate low fidelity synaptic transmission in rat auditory brainstem slices

Principal neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) receive a synaptic input from a single giant calyx terminal that generates a fast‐rising, large excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), each of which are supra‐threshold for postsynaptic action potential generation. Here, we present evidence that MNTB principal neurons receive multiple excitatory synaptic inputs generating slow‐rising, small EPSCs that are also capable of triggering postsynaptic action potentials but are of non‐calyceal origin. Both calyceal and non‐calyceal EPSCs are mediated by α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate (AMPA) and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation; however, the NMDA receptor‐mediated response is proportionally larger at the non‐calyceal synapses. Non‐calyceal synapses generate action potentials in MNTB principal neurons with a longer latency and a lower reliability than the large calyceal input. They constitute an alternative low fidelity synaptic input to the fast and secure relay transmission via the calyx of Held synapse.
How long can the U.S. stay on top?

This story is the last in Science 9s series on what it takes to be a top global research university. It examines threats to America9s academic research prowess. In an era of stagnating U.S. government support for academic science, officials at Johns Hopkins and other top research universities in the United States say private philanthropy is increasingly essential in maintaining their elite status. But some worry that countervailing trends could defeat that strategy and allow universities in the rest of the world to catch up or surpass the United States.
Absence of localization in a random-dimer model.

We consider here a 1D tight-binding model with two uncorrelated random site energies ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{a}}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{b}}$ and a constant nearest-neighbor matrix element V. We show that if one (or both) of the site energies is assigned at random to pairs of lattice sites (that is, two sites in succession), an initially localized particle can become delocalized. Its mean-square displacement at long times is shown to grow in time as ${\mathit{t}}^{3/2}$ provided that -2V${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{a}}$-${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{b}}$2V. Diffusion occurs if ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{a}}$-${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathit{b}}$=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2V and localization otherwise. The dual of the random-dimer model is also shown to exhibit an absence of localization and is shown to be relevant to transmission resonances in Fibonacci lattices.
The Nature of Organizational Search in High Technology Markets

Previous research on buyer behavior in high technology markets has focused on specific outcomes (product adoption or rejection) as opposed to buyers’ underlying processes. The authors identify key dimensions of high technology markets and draw on organization theory and information economics to develop hypotheses about their effects on organizational buyers’ search behavior. They also present propositions about how certain aspects of a firm's present buying situation may influence its perceptions of the characteristics of a given market. An empirical test of the propositions in a sample of computer workstation purchases shows good support for the hypothesized relationships.
The Benefits of Random Variable Practice for Accuracy and Temporal Error Detection in a Rapid Aiming Task

e capability of individuals to detect and correct moveT” ment errors based on response-produced feedback has long been recognized as a crucial element in learning motor skills. Learners who could evaluate intrinsic feedback and correct their own errors could continue to improve without the constant need for a teacher or coach. In fact, the capability to detect and correct movement errors successfullywas a milestone that signaled the passage from novice to a more advanced stage of motor learning (Adams, 1971). Naturally, the error detection and correction process became a central issue in closed-loop theory (Adams, 1971) and schema theory (Schmidt, 1975). Following the appearance of the first motor learning theories, most of the work related to error detection focused on whether the error detection mechanism developed as the theories predicted. For example, Schmidt and White (1972) demonstrated that objective-subjective correlations (i.e., between the participant’s actual response and the subjective evaluation) increased with practice of a rapid timing movement, in accordance with schema theory. Newel1 (1974) demonstrated that the mean absolute objective-subjective difference decreased over practice trials, also indicating an enhanced error detection