Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility and validity of the secondary level School-Based Nutrition Monitoring student questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the School-Based Nutrition Monitoring (SBNM) secondary level student questionnaire. DESIGN Reproducibility was evaluated using a test-retest study design by administering the questionnaire on the same day (morning and afternoon, n=254) and, when appropriate, 9 to 14 days apart (n=259). Validity was assessed by comparing foods selected on the questionnaire with foods reported from a single 24-hour recall covering the same referent period (yesterday) in 209 students. SUBJECTS/SETTING Eighth grade students in middle schools from central Texas were used: male and female, approximately 75% white, for the reproducibility study, with 15% Hispanic, 6% African American; for the validation study, approximately 38% white, 41% Hispanic, and 17% African American. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Spearman rank order correlation, kappa statistic, and percentage agreement were used for both reproducibility and the validation. RESULTS For the reproducibility study, agreement for questions about food intake "yesterday" were 70% to 98%, with kappa statistics ranging from 0.54 to 0.93 and correlations between 0.66 and 0.97. Questions on recent physical activity had high agreement (66% to 89%) as did "usual" physical activity items, weight loss, and food selection behaviors. Nutrition knowledge items showed relatively weaker reliability: agreements ranged from 47% to 92%, with kappa statistics between 0.30 and 0.56. Attitude questions had weaker agreement (50% to 87%), kappa statistics (0.27 to 0.52), and correlations (0.33 to 0.63). For the validation study, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.32 for breads to 0.68 for milk and beans. Percentage agreement ranged from 38% for breads to 89% for gravy. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS Most questions on the SBNM secondary questionnaire were found to have acceptable reproducibility, whereas validation of food choice behaviors showed results similar to or better than other dietary assessment instruments for this age group. This questionnaire is a useful epidemiologic tool for surveillance, assessing broad intervention effects among groups or providing needs assessment data on selected nutrition and physical activity-related constructs.
Bazinganomics: Economics of The Big Bang Theory

Bazinganomics.com is designed to provide instructors with clips, explanations, and lesson plans related to economics concepts from TV’s 2nd most-watched broadcast show of the 2014-2015 season, CBS’s The Big Bang Theory. The site contains approximately 100 clips. As the show continues to air (currently signed through the 2016-2017 season) the authors plan to increase the number of clips and lesson plans.
Characteristics of Noncultivable Adenoviruses Associated with Diarrhea in Infants: A New Subgroup of Human Adenoviruses

Virus particles morphologically resembling adenovirus were found in fecal specimens from infants and were examined for cultivability with standard cell culture techniques and for characteristics of human adenoviruses. Specimens from 13 of 15 infants could not be cultivated in cell cultures. The two adenoviruses that were cultivated, types 1 and 31, reacted in the expected manner in all tests. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis with group-specific anti-hexon serum confirmed that the observed particles in the 15 specimens were human adenoviruses. The buoyant density in sucrose of five of the noncultivable adenoviruses in original stool suspensions averaged 1.335 g/cm3 and that of the two cultivable ones averaged 1.332 g/cm3; both groups had typical adenovirus morphology by electron microscopy. Treatment of the specimens and of a variety of tissue culture cells with proteolytic and other enzymes did not improve cultivability. Examination of partially purified virus by immunoelectron microscopy did not reveal evidence of immunoglobulin A, G, or M coating on the particles, an indication that coproantibody inhibition was not the cause of noncultivability. Fluorescent-antibody studies with an antihexon conjugate and counterimmunoelectrophoresis studies of serially passaged noncultivable viruses indicated that the viruses are infecting cells but are not undergoing effective replication. Antisera to three of the noncultivable viruses demonstrated homologous reactions in counterimmunoelectrophoresis with the respective immunizing antigens but showed only low levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing activity to a few of the known human adenoviruses. We concluded that the noncultivable viruses in these infant diarrhea cases were indeed human adenoviruses, were not defective particles, were not bound to coproantibody, were infectious but incapable of effective relication in conventional cell cultures, were serologically related to types 11, 17, 32, and 33, and should be considered a new, distinct subgroup.
Hybrid Classes: Maximizing Institutional Resources and Student Learning

Recently, the North Carolina Community College System office released a memorandum to all the Chief Academic Officers and Distance Learning Coordinators of the state’s community colleges announcing the System’s new emphasis on Hybrid course instruction. This official statement of direction recognizes and validates the steadily increasing trend, both within the state and across the country, of integrating/adding hybrid, or blended, instructional delivery into traditional and Internet course offerings. The integration of Hybrid course instruction will benefit both the institution and the students. Institutions will be able to maximize their available physical resources, and students will be able to maximize their learning potential.
Intraventricular pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with anaplastic features

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare astrocytic tumor that usually occurs in the superficial cerebral hemispheres of children and young adults and has a relatively favorable prognosis. We report an unusual case of supratentorial, intraventricular tumor in a 52‐year‐old man. The tumor was composed of pleomorphic cells, including giant cells, most of which were multinucleated, and small cells. In addition, frequent xanthic changes in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, and widespread reticulin deposits and lymphocytic infiltrates in the stroma were characteristic features. Large areas of necrosis were also evident. However, mitotic figures were rare (1–2 mitoses per 10 high‐power fields). Many tumor cells were positive for GFAP, and a number were positive for neurofilament protein and synaptophysin, indicating their neuronal differentiation. In addition, occasional tumor cells were positive for CD34. p53 protein was entirely negative in the tumor cells. In diagnosing this tumor histopathologically, differentiation between PXA and giant cell glioblastoma (GCG), a rare variant of glioblastoma, was problematic. However, considering the overall histopathological picture, a final diagnosis of PXA with anaplastic features was made. The present case indicates that PXA can occur as an intraventricular tumor, and suggests that in some instances, it would be very difficult to differentiate PXA and GCG histopathologically.
Gambling motivation among tourists in Macau's casino resorts

ABSTRACT The number of tourists visiting casino resorts has risen in recent years. Tourists often view gambling as a leisure activity option that they can participate in during their holiday. This study aims to investigate the motives that influence tourists’ gambling intention. A list of potential motives is derived from the extensive tourism literature, and a sample including 462 respondents was collected in Macau. The survey results indicate that benefits, learning, pleasure, costing, and socialization are all motives for tourists to engage in recreational gambling. However, adventure, relaxation, prestige, and winning are not influencing factors among tourists who gamble during their trip. The study also explores the moderating roles of gender, age, and educational level on the relationship between different motives and gambling intention. Understanding the motives for why tourists gamble is useful for integrated resort operators to formulate marketing strategies for attracting tourists.
An isosparteine derivative for stereochemical assignment of stereogenic (chiral) methyl groups using tritium NMR: theory and experiment.

(N-CHDT)-(alpha)-isosparteinium ditosylamide can be used in conjunction with tritium NMR spectroscopy to assign the configuration of an intact stereogenic (chiral) methyl group. The S-CHDT group has a (3)H chemical shift that is 49 ppb downfield of the R-CHDT resonance. The sign and magnitude of this chemical shift difference of these diastereotopic tritium nuclei are found to be in agreement with predictions made via a purely ab initio computational approach. The chemical shift difference is due to an equilibrium isotope effect originating from a novel CH(3)(.)N hydrogen bond. Despite the improved tritium chemical shift dispersion, this method is not useful for determining the enantiopurity of CHDTN(Tos)(2) due to partial racemization that occurs during the derivatization step. Milder methylation conditions are described for reactions using methyl p-toluenesulfonate or methyl-d(3) triflate. These studies suggest that (-)-(alpha)-isosparteine is a potential new reagent for chirality analysis of methyl groups originating from suitably reactive electrophiles.
[Investigation of the possible factors related to root resorption during orthodontic treatment in adolescents].

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors relating to root resorption after orthodontic treatment in teenage patients. METHODS seventy eight teenage patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances were selected for this study. Root resorption scores of the upper incisors were recorded qualitatively according to their apical root morphology in the panoramic radiographs before and after treatment. All subjects were grouped according to age, gender, tooth location, occlusion stage, extraction or nonextraction approach and treatment duration. Nonparametric tests was used for statistical analysis with SPSS12.0 software package. RESULTS All patients presented root resorption of different degrees. The results showed that there was significant difference before and after occlusion establishment of the second molar (P<0.01), but no difference between different age groups; Root resorption in extraction group was more severe than in non-extraction group (P<0.01); Root resorption in extraction group was more severe in patients with longer treatment duration (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between different genders and different teeth locations. CONCLUSION The results suggest that orthodontic treatment before occlusion establishment of the second molar, nonextraction approach and shorter treatment duration lead to less root resorption.
Common Strategies To Prevent and Modulate Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mouse Strains with Different Susceptibilities

ABSTRACT Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, predominantly experienced by children and nonimmune adults, which results in significant mortality and long-term sequelae. Previous studies have reported distinct susceptibility gene loci in CBA/CaH (CBA) and C57BL/6 (B6) mice with experimental CM (ECM) caused by infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Here we present an analysis of genome-wide expression profiles in brain tissue taken from B6 and CBA mice with ECM and report significant heterogeneity between the two mouse strains. Upon comparison of the leukocyte composition of ECM brain tissue, microglia were expanded in B6 mice but not CBA mice. Furthermore, circulating levels of gamma interferon, interleukin-10, and interleukin-6 were significantly higher in the serum of B6 mice than in that of CBA mice with ECM. Two therapeutic strategies were applied to B6 and CBA mice, i.e., (i) depletion of regulatory T (Treg) cells prior to infection and (ii) depletion of CD8+ T cells after the establishment of ECM. Despite the described differences between susceptible mouse strains, depletion of Treg cells before infection attenuated ECM in both B6 and CBA mice. In addition, the depletion of CD8+ T cells when ECM symptoms are apparent leads to abrogation of ECM in B6 mice and a lack of progression of ECM in CBA mice. These results may have important implications for the development of effective treatments for human CM.
Practical and highly sensitive elemental analysis for aqueous samples containing metal impurities employing electrodeposition on indium-tin oxide film samples and laser-induced shock wave plasma in low-pressure helium gas.

We have conducted an experimental study exploring the possible application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for practical and highly sensitive detection of metal impurities in water. The spectrochemical measurements were carried out by means of a 355 nm Nd-YAG laser within N2 and He gas at atmospheric pressures as high as 2 kPa. The aqueous samples were prepared as thin films deposited on indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass by an electrolysis process. The resulting emission spectra suggest that concentrations at parts per billion levels may be achieved for a variety of metal impurities, and it is hence potentially feasible for rapid inspection of water quality in the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries, as well as for cooling water inspection for possible leakage of radioactivity in nuclear power plants. In view of its relative simplicity, this LIBS equipment offers a practical and less costly alternative to the standard use of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for water samples, and its further potential for in situ and mobile applications.
Role of autoimmunity in rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever is the prototype of postinfectious autoimmune disease and is caused by untreated Streptococcus pyogenes throat infection in susceptible children. This review presents the major immune-mediated events leading to carditis, valvulitis and Sydenham’s chorea (SC). The role of genetic factors in susceptibility is also discussed. In the last 10–15 years, the pathogenesis of rheumatic autoimmune reactions has been clarified. A brief review on humoral immune response, focusing on crossreactive antibodies against laminin, vimentin and cardiac myosin, and the recent data on specific crossreactive antibodies against streptococcal antigens and lysogangliosides and tubulin from neuronal cells involved with the autoimmune reactions in SC is presented. T lymphocytes are the major effectors of crossreactivity between streptococcal and human proteins leading to rheumatic heart disease. Heart tissue T-cell infiltration is facilitated by adhesion molecules, myosin and laminin antibodies. A cytokine balance fa.
Impact of single centre kidney paired donation transplantation to increase donor pool in India: a cohort study

In a living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) dominated transplant programme, kidney paired donation (KPD) may be a cost‐effective and valid alternative strategy to increase LDKT in countries with limited resources where deceased donation kidney transplantation (DDKT) is in the initial stages. Here, we report our experience of 300 single‐centre KPD transplantations to increase LDKT in India. Between January 2000 and July 2016, 3616 LDKT and 561 DDKT were performed at our transplantation centre, 300 (8.3%) using KPD. The reasons for joining KPD among transplanted patients were ABO incompatibility (n = 222), positive cross‐match (n = 59) and better matching (n = 19). A total of 124 two‐way (n = 248), 14 three‐way (n = 42), one four‐way (n = 4) and one six‐way exchange (n = 6) yielded 300 KPD transplants. Death‐censored graft and patient survival were 96% (n = 288) and 83.3% (n = 250), respectively. The mean serum creatinine was 1.3 mg/dl at a follow‐up of 3 ± 3 years. We credit the success of our KPD programme to maintaining a registry of incompatible pairs, counselling on KPD, a high‐volume LDKT programme and teamwork. KPD is legal, cost effective and rapidly growing for facilitating LDKT with incompatible donors. This study provides large‐scale evidence for the expansion of single‐centre LDKT via KPD when national programmes do not exist.
PEV Charging Control Considering Transformer Life and Experimental Validation of a 25 kVA Distribution Transformer

When considering the characteristics of electric power systems in the U.S., the local distribution is the most likely part to be adversely affected by the unregulated plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging. The increased load that can result from unregulated charging of PEVs could dramatically accelerate the aging of electrical transformers. In this paper, the control strategies that can mitigate or eliminate the accelerated aging that could result from load peaks caused by PEV charging is developed. The aging model makes it possible to develop charging control strategies that protect the transformer system while maximizing overall PEV charging quality. The charging control policy makes use of load prediction algorithms using data-driven models that are based on actual electricity consumption data. The experimental tests are done to calibrate the thermal model of a 25 kVA distribution transformer and validate the effectiveness of the control strategy.
An audit of advice on fitness to drive during accident and emergency department attendance

Introduction: Large numbers of patients attending accident and emergency (A&E) departments drive to and from the consultation. This audit set out to examine if patients attending A&E were advised about their fitness to drive. Method: The authors carried out a retrospective audit over a one month period. The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority (DVLA) booklet “At a glance guide to the current medical standards of fitness to drive” was used to derive a list of conditions that require driving restrictions. Any condition within these guidelines was audited. If the patient was discharged and diagnosed as having a condition requiring the patient to cease driving, the notes were scrutinised for any evidence that the doctor had given advice about driving. Results: A total of 337 patients were discharged with conditions which may have required some restrictions to driving; 332 sets of notes were available. Twenty two patients needed restrictions to be placed on their driving. Only one patient had any documented evidence of the examining doctor informing them of restrictions to be placed on driving. Conclusions: The study provides clear evidence that patients were not being informed about their fitness to drive following consultation in the authors’ A&E department. Previous studies have shown that doctors’ knowledge on driving restrictions is poor. Further education is needed for A&E doctors and patient information leaflets should be provided to explain the restrictions placed on a driver’s licence if they have certain illnesses.
Management of Esophageal Coins

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign body encountered in the pediatric population. Coins that are in the esophagus and are causing symptoms (cough, stridor, respiratory distress, drooling or pain) are managed with immediate removal via various methods. Asymptomatic coins have been a perplexing problem to the clinician for decades, with some advocating for immediate removal while others are proponents of "watchful waiting". RECENT FINDINGS This article will provide a review of the current literature on management options for symptomatic and asymptomatic esophageal coins. The article will discuss clinical decision-making strategies for the diagnosis of the unwitnessed ingestion, as well as diagnostic studies, such as plain radiographs, as well as novel modalities, such as metal detectors. Discussion of the anatomic issues related to esophageal foreign bodies will be addressed. Treatment options for asymptomatic patients will be reviewed utilizing data from retrospective studies as well as a prospective randomized trial. SUMMARY In the symptomatic patient with an esophageal coin, immediate removal via endoscopy is recommended. For the asymptomatic patient with an esophageal coin, current data support expectant management for a period of 12-24 h with the hope of spontaneous passage and avoidance of general anesthesia and surgical procedure.
Rising Work Complexity But Decreasing Returns

Work complexity can be an important factor contributing to the observed employment and wage developments. Using German data, we find that it increased substantially between 1986 and 2012. Work complexity was higher for high-educated employees in the past but differences have leveled out in 2012 due to a steeper increase in complexity among lower educated. Although complexity is associated with higher wages, expected returns have decreased substantially since 1986. Lower education was associated with higher returns to complexity but these decreased over time, too. Thus, the more complexity becomes "normal", the less it is important in determining the wage.
Training Professional Citizens: Getting beyond the Right Answer to the Wrong Question in Public Affairs Education

Keynote address dettvered at the NASPAA Annual Conference in Indianapolis, Indiana, on October 22, 2004. I am deeply honored by the invitation to speak to you today, and also deeply gratefiil.This presentation has given me an opportunity to reflect on my long association with public affairs education, stretching back to my undergraduate years in the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton, my engagement in the debates that led to the formation of the Kennedy School at Harvard, the years I spent at the Institute for Policy Sciences at Duke, my experiences in the Office of Management and Budget, and finally, the effort I made to fashion what we like to think is the first of a second generation of policy programs at Johns Hopkins. I have titled my remarks "Training Professional Citizens: Getting Beyond the Right Answer to the Wrong Question in Public Affairs Education. " The touchstone for my comments is the extraordinary wave of governmental reform that has swept the world over the past two decades. From the United States and Canada to Malaysia and New Zealand, governments are being reinvented, downsized, privatized, devolved, decentralized, deregulated, delayered, subjected to performance measurement, and contracted out, all in an effort to improve public sector performance.1 As the United Nations Development Programme (1997, 1) noted in a report,uThe discourse on the role of government" has moved to "the center of international and national debate. " "The question is no longer how to shrink government " the report notes, "but how to improve governance. " What better time, therefore, to be reflecting on the structure and content of the education needed to achieve this objective. My message to you today, however, may be a bit unsettling, for I am convinced that much of the recent public sector reform movement has advanced the right answer, but to the wrong question. What is more, I believe that public affairs education bears a partperhaps a significant J-PAE 11 (2005): 1:7-1 9