Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dark Energy Explained via the Hawking-Hartle Quantum Wave and the Topology of Cosmic Crystallography

The aim of the present paper is to explain and accurately calculate the missing dark energy density of the cosmos by scaling the Planck scale and using the methodology of the relatively novel discipline of cosmic crystallography and Hawking-Hartle quantum wave solution of Wheeler-DeWitt equation. Following this road we arrive at a modified version of Einstein’s energy mass relation E = mc2 which predicts a cosmological energy density in astonishing accord with the WMAP and supernova measurements and analysis. We develop non-constructively what may be termed super symmetric Penrose fractal tiling and find that the isomorphic length of this tiling is equal to the self affinity radius of a universe which resembles an 11 dimensional Hilbert cube or a fractal M-theory with a Hausdorff dimension where. It then turns out that the correct maximal quantum relativity energy-mass equation for intergalactic scales is a simple relativistic scaling, in the sense of Weyl-Nottale, of Einstein’s classical equation, namely EQR = (1/2)(1/) moc2 = 0.0450849 mc2 and that this energy is the ordinary measurable energy density of the quantum particle. This means that almost 95.5% of the energy of the cosmos is dark energy which by quantum particle-wave duality is the absolute value of the energy of the quantum wave and is proportional to the square of the curvature of the curled dimension of spacetime namely where and is Hardy’s probability of quantum entanglement. Because of the quantum wave collapse on measurement this energy cannot be measured using our current technologies. The same result is obtained by involving all the 17 Stein spaces corresponding to 17 types of the wallpaper groups as well as the 230-11=219 three dimensional crystallographic group which gives the number of the first level of massless particle-like states in Heterotic string theory. All these diverse subjects find here a unified view point leading to the same result regarding the missing dark energy of the universe, which turned out to by synonymous with the absolute value of the energy of the Hawking-Hartle quantum wave solution of Wheeler-DeWitt equation while ordinary energy is the energy of the quantum particle into which the Hawking-Hartle wave collapse at cosmic energy measurement. In other words it is in the very act of measurement which causes our inability to measure the “Dark energy of the quantum wave” in any direct way. The only hope if any to detect dark energy and utilize it in nuclear reactors is future development of sophisticated quantum wave non-demolition measurement instruments.
Factors influencing the retention of international IT talent: an empirical investigation in Singapore

In today's global war for corporate business talent, organisations have emphasised attraction methods. But retention of talent - particularly in the competitive IT sector - has not received much attention. The high turnover of talent is increasingly becoming a challenging issue for organisational management, especially for HR professionals. In this regard HRD strategies can play significant roles in helping organisations to win the talent war. Research in this area is scarce. This paper presents the results of an empirical study on the identification of major factors contributing to the retention of international IT talent in Singapore, one of the most vibrant economies of Asia where attraction and retention of IT talent has been an issue of high priority. Among the top five factors, opportunities for training and skills development and career development issues were identified. Implications of the findings are discussed for organisational policy decisions and for future research.
Modes, transient dynamics and forced response of circular jets

The linear stability of axisymmetric jets is studied in a global frame- work, such that the geometry and the non-parallelism of the base flow are fully accounted for. In order to characterize the "preferred mode" of the jet, which is consistently observed in experiments and numerical simulations, different types of analyses are carried out. As a well-known conjecture ascribes the existence of this "preferred mode" to a resonance between external noise and the least-stable eigenmode, a modal study is first performed. This analysis prompted the development of a new numerical method allowing an efficient treatment of compressible flows; however, the results indicate that a modal representation is not well-suited for a description of the dynamics of convection-dominated stable flows. Studies of simplified model problems are presented that underpin this conclusion. Instead, the instability dynamics of such flows are characterized in a consistent manner in terms of optimal initial perturbations and optimal harmonic forcing. The latter approach robustly reproduces experimental observations with regard to the frequency and the spatial structure of the jet "preferred mode". Furthermore, the results allow an interpretation of this global wavepacket structure as a cooperation of different families of local instability modes. The present analysis demonstrates that the "preferred mode" does not arise from resonance with an eigenmode, but rather is to be interpreted as a pseudo-resonance.
Diabetes: pharmacological history and future management strategies

Diabetes a serious chronic disorder is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind. In spite of being known from a long time, the etiology of the disease is not clearly understood till date. With the growing cases of diabetes all around the world, new advancements are being made for the better understanding and management of the disease. The current review explores in terms of its historical perspective, the discovery of Insulin, Impairment of glucose level, its early treatments, present status of diabetes, the experiments in relation to diabetes, risk of hypoglycaemia, risk of mortality from diabetes including the neonate, adults and geriatrics and management of diabetes through rising technologies, pancreas transplantation, advanced diabetic treatments with self-care along with future perspective.
Analysis on the association between sperm DNA fragmentation index and conventional semen parameters, blood microelements and seminal plasma ROS in male patients with infertility

We conducted this study to analyze the sperm DNA fragmentation index, conventional semen parameters, blood microelements and seminal plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with male infertility to determine the association between each of the above male physiological parameters and DNA fragmentation index and infertility. Eighty cases of infertile males and 20 cases of normal males with children were divided into the infertility and control groups, respectively. Sperm DNA fragmentation index, conventional semen parameters, serum microelement content and seminal plasma ROS levels were detected, and the existing correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation index and the various physiological parameters were studied. The sperm DNA fragmentation index had no correlation with conventional sperm parameters. Our results demonstrated that zinc, lead and magnesium ions in the serum microelements were correlated with sperm DNA fragmentation (p<0.05). Upon an increase in zinc and lead serum concentration, there was a subsequent increase in sperm DNA fragmentation (p=0.008). Furthermore, when magnesium ion increased, it also caused an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation (p<0.05). The seminal plasma ROS of infertile males was higher than that of males with children (p<0.05). Our results suggest that sperm DNA fragmentation index is closely associated with the infertility rate and microelements of serum and seminal plasma ROS can impact the formation of sperm DNA fragmentation. Therefore, the sperm DNA fragmentation index can serve as an important parameter to assess male infertility.
The quality of public primary education in rural Uganda: An assessment using a Capability Approach

This research sets out to analyse the mismatch between the national primary education curriculum and the classroom reality in rural government primary schools in Uganda. I.e., the impact of the introduction of the Thematic Curriculum in Uganda in 2007 as a quality improvement intervention is examined. For this purpose, a Capability Approach School Development Index is explored in a rural area in the north of Uganda to gain insight in the teachers´ and students´ capabilities that affect the quality of education. These capabilities are important because the traditional understanding of the quality of education does not include the context and process of education. This holds that the possible additional factors that hinder the quality of education in rural areas are not considered. The data has been collected in a three-month period in Uganda, including a 10-day fieldwork in the selected area in Northern Uganda, and consists of 35 semi-structured in-depth expert interviews, five group discussions and eight observation reports. The results show that the constructs of implementation are insufficiently fulfilled to achieve the intended quality improvement. Additionally, the capability indicators show that teachers’ and students’ performance is hindered to such an extent that the curriculum implementation and education quality are not on the agenda in Namasale Sub-County: e.g., even basic survival capabilities – clean water and food - are not sufficiently fulfilled for teachers and students. This hinders the well-being and agency freedoms of the teachers and students and, thus, the quality of education.
Aqueous Phase Reduction of Cr (VI) by Sodium Sulphide: A Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Stoichiometric Approach

The ability of Na2S. 9H2O to reduce Cr(VI) in aqueous phase was determined spectrophotometrically at different temperatures of (298 – 323 K) to study the effect of temperature on reduction while, the effect of pH was studied at pH 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12. The effect of concentration was also considered by varying the concentrations of the reductant (i.e. 1.67x10, 2.5x10, 3.33x10, 4.17x10 and 5x10 mM) over a pH of 5 and 9 at 298 K and 5 minutes with concentration of Cr(VI) set at 1.9X10 mM. The temperature effect showed that the reaction rate increased slightly with increase in temperature. The kinetic results showed that the reaction was Pseudo first – order with respect to Cr(VI) with the rate equation of . The activation entropy obtained from plots of ln(kobs/T) vs. 1/T was -197.53 J.K . mol agreeing with an associative mechanism of reaction. The activation enthalpy varied from (-7.5x10 3.3x10 kJmol) and in most cases it was negative showing that the reaction was rather exothermic. The activation energies obtained were 58.87, 60.84, 62.82, 63.80 and 65.78 kJmol for the respective Kelvin temperatures of 298, 308, 318,323 and 333. This increase in activation energy with increasing temperature implied that bond breakage and product formation was more favourable at lower temperature. The stoichiometry therefore suggested that the Cr(VI) : Na2S. 9H2O molar ratio was 1: 0.75 Cr(VI), this value was found to be in agreement with the theoretically obtained result. The findings from the research show that Na2S. 9H2O could be used for the reductive detoxification of Cr(VI) in polluted areas.
A Gender Perspective on Teachers as Crisis Managers

ABSTRACT Stressful conditions affect communities at different levels and may involve occupational groups not normally associated with issues of crisis and security. Teachers in the compulsory school system are members of such a group. The purpose of this study is to examine teachers’ view of their own role as crisis management actors in a female-dominated occupation. A Grounded Theory approach applying a gender perspective was used as an analytical tool for data processing. In total, 16 informants from four different schools in two different municipalities in Sweden were interviewed. The analysis of these interviews shows that teachers’ perceptions of risk, crisis, and security are influenced and characterized by social and emotional regulation aimed at (a) reducing vulnerability, (b) increasing the sense of security, and (c) regaining or restoring a sense of order and control. These strategies have been discussed from a gender perspective as teachers do not regard themselves as legitimate crisis management actors.
Influence of Nonindex Hospital Readmission on Length of Stay and Mortality

Importance: Hospitals and health care systems face increasing accountability for postdischarge outcomes of patients, but it is unclear how frequently hospital readmissions in particular occur at a different hospital than the index hospitalization and whether this is associated with worse outcomes. Objective: Describe the prevalence of nonindex 30-day readmissions in a nationally representative sample of all payers and associations with outcomes. Design: Secondary retrospective analysis of the 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Setting: Nonfederal hospitals from 21 states representing half of hospitalizations in the United States annually. Participants: Our overall sample included all adults discharged alive from an inpatient stay with 30 days of follow-up; we also created 3 additional cohorts: patients with Medicare as the payer (Medicare cohort), patients discharged to home health or skilled nursing facilities after discharge (postacute care cohort), and Medicare patients with any of the current Hospital Readmission Reduction Program’s penalized conditions (readmission penalty cohort). Exposure: Readmission within 30 days to “index” hospital (where index stay occurred) or “nonindex” hospital. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): In-hospital mortality and length of stay during the readmission. Results: The weighted overall sample included 22,884,505 hospital discharges from 2004 unique hospitals. The overall 30-day readmission rate was 11.9%, of these, 22.5% occurred at a nonindex hospital. Readmissions to nonindex facilities were associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.25) and longer hospital length of stay (hazard ratio for hospital discharge, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–0.88) in the overall sample and in the 3 cohorts. Conclusions and Relevance: Nonindex readmissions are common and associated with worse outcomes; the common findings across cohorts highlight the importance for hospitals and care systems participating in value-based payment models. Hospitals and care systems should invest in improved methods for real-time identification and intervention for these patients.
Effect of method of planting and crop geometry on productivity of rainfed upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) grown in lowland rice (Oryza sativa) fallows

A field experiment was conducted during late winter (rabi) seson of 1998-99 and 1999-2000 at Nimpith, to study the effect of planting method and crop geometry on productivity of rainfed upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in lowland rice fallows. Transplanting of cotton performed better than direct sowing when the crop was sown during the second fortnight of December after harvest of winter rice (Oryza sativa L.). Transplanting of cotton improved the growth, yield attributes, and gave 16.5 and 12.7% higher seed-cotton and lint yield, respec- tively, compared to direct seeding of cotton. Transplanting of cotton increased net returns and per day productivity by 22.5 and 16.9%, respectively, over the direct seeding. Crop geometry showed significant impact on productiv- ity of cotton. lntermediate inter-row spacing of 60 cm gave higher values of growth and yield attributes and re- corded 7.9 and 11 . l% higher seed-cotton yield over both the narrower and wider inter-row spacing of 45 cm and 75 cm respectively. Similarly, intermediate plant-to-plant spacing of 45 cm improved the growth and yield at- tributes and yield of cotton; and resulted in higher seed-cotton yield by 5.6 and 18.9% over the narrower and wider spacing of 30 and 60cm respectively. lntermediate inter- and intra-row spacing of 60 and 45 cm, respec- tively, proved most beneficial for cotton cultivation in terms of monetary returns as well.
Model to Determine Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients With New-Onset Diabetes.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Of patients with new-onset diabetes (NOD; based on glycemic status) older than 50 years, approximately 1% are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (PC) within 3 years. We aimed to develop and validate a model to determine risk of PC in patients with NOD. METHODS We retrospectively collected data from 4 independent and nonoverlapping cohorts of patients (N = 1,561) with NOD (based on glycemic status; data collected at date of diagnosis and 12 months previously) in the Rochester Epidemiology Project from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2015 to create our model. The model weighed scores for 3 factors identified in the discovery cohort to be most strongly associated with PC (64 patients with PC and 192 with type 2 diabetes): change in weight, change in blood glucose, and age at onset of diabetes. We called our model Enriching New-Onset Diabetes for Pancreatic Cancer (ENDPAC). We validated the locked-down model and cutoff score in an independent population-based cohort of 1,096 patients with diabetes; of these, 9 patients (82%) had PC within 3 years of meeting the criteria for NOD. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, the END-PAC model identified patients who developed PC within 3 years of diabetes onset (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.87); a score of at least 3 identified patients who developed PC with 80% sensitivity and specificity. In the validation cohort, a score of at least 3 identified 7 of 9 patients with PC (78%) with 85% specificity; the prevalence of PC in patients with a score of at least 3 (3.6%) was 4.4-fold greater than in patients with NOD. A high END-PAC score in patients who did not have PC (false positives) was often due to such factors as recent steroid use or different malignancy. An ENDPAC score no higher than 0 (in 49% of patients) meant that patients had an extremely low risk for PC. An END-PAC score of at least 3 identified 75% of patients in the discovery cohort more than 6 months before a diagnosis of PC. CONCLUSIONS Based on change in weight, change in blood glucose, and age at onset of diabetes, we developed and validated a model to determine risk of PC in patients with NOD based on glycemic status (END-PAC model). An independent prospective study is needed to further validate this model, which could contribute to early detection of PC.
The Hippo pathway effector Wwtr1 regulates cardiac wall maturation in zebrafish

ABSTRACT Cardiac trabeculation is a highly regulated process that starts with the delamination of compact layer cardiomyocytes. The Hippo signaling pathway has been implicated in cardiac development but many questions remain. We have investigated the role of Wwtr1, a nuclear effector of the Hippo pathway, in zebrafish and find that its loss leads to reduced cardiac trabeculation. However, in mosaic animals, wwtr1−/− cardiomyocytes contribute more frequently than wwtr1+/− cardiomyocytes to the trabecular layer of wild-type hearts. To investigate this paradox, we examined the myocardial wall at early stages and found that compact layer cardiomyocytes in wwtr1−/− hearts exhibit disorganized cortical actin structure and abnormal cell-cell junctions. Accordingly, wild-type cardiomyocytes in mosaic mutant hearts contribute less frequently to the trabecular layer than when present in mosaic wild-type hearts, indicating that wwtr1−/− hearts are not able to support trabeculation. We also found that Nrg/Erbb2 signaling, which is required for trabeculation, could promote Wwtr1 nuclear export in cardiomyocytes. Altogether, these data suggest that Wwtr1 establishes the compact wall architecture necessary for trabeculation, and that Nrg/Erbb2 signaling negatively regulates its nuclear localization and therefore its activity. Summary: Investigation of Wwtr1 in zebrafish heart development reveals its role in compact wall maturation and trabeculation, as well as in modulation of the cardiomyocyte actomyosin network and cell-cell junctions.
The quality of published accounting information in Russia

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union Russia has undergone a number of reforms towards developing market economy. Accounting has encountered dramatic changes over the last two decades. Despite attractive investment opportunities in Russia, investors are often faced with uncertainty, which makes it very important to explore the quality of accounting information published in Russia. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the quality of published accounting information in Russia. The thesis consists of four essays, each of them addressing the question of the quality of accounting information published in Russia by incorporating the specific Russian institutional environment. Special attention is paid to the role of International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS) and foreign investors. The quality of published accounting information is conceptualized by such accounting constructs as conservatism, earnings management and value relevance. This first essay investigates the earnings quality of both listed and non-listed Russian firms and explores whether foreign ownership affects the quality of earnings published by non-listed Russian firms. The second essay examines whether emphasis on international investors is associated with the adoption of or intention to adopt IFRS in Russian firms. The third essay addresses the question of IFRS and Russian Accounting Standards (RAS) accounting quality by using the methodology proposed by Barth et al. (2008) and by value relevance constructs of accounting quality. The fourth essay investigates the value relevance of firms’ integral environmental impact, i.e. a proxy for environmental performance, following the stream of non-financial information value relevance in accounting research. This thesis provides evidence that the quality of published accounting information published in Russia depends on many factors, the most influential of these being listing on the stock exchange, IFRS and foreign investors. The results of the thesis demonstrate that the institutional characteristics of the country shape accounting numbers and influence the incentives of those preparing financial statements. The findings of the thesis include information valuable for regulators and investors.