Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of Biochemical Compositions of Chlorella sp.

This work aimed to study the effect of several environmental parameters (light intensity, temperature, and aeration rate) on the accumulation of nutritional components and lutein production in a green microalgae Chlorella sp. It was proven in this work that the biochemical composition of Chlorella sp. could be manipulated through the control of environmental conditions during the cultivation. Six simple 2L bubble column photobioreactors installed in a well-controlled culture chamber was employed as a model system where temperature, light intensity, and aeration rate (usg) could be controlled in the range from 30- 40oC (± 0.5oC), 10-30 kLux (± 0.1 kLux), and 0.5-1.5 cm/s (± 0.05 cm/s), respectively. Lipid and protein productivity were the most abundant at 35°C, 10 kLux and 1 cm/s, whereas carbohydrate productivity was found to be maximized at 30°C, 30 kLux and 0.5 cm/s. In addition, Chlorella sp. could also generate strong antioxidizing agents like lutein which was found to be mostly produced at 35°C, 10 kLux and 1 cm/s.
Performance of Arrayana mandarin on six rootstocks in acid soils of the piedemonte Llanero of Colombia

Resumen: Los cultivos de mandarina Arrayana en el piedemonte Llanero se encuentran injertados en mandarina Cleopatra y presentan una entrada tardia en produccion, por lo que es necesario seleccionar patrones que mejoren la produccion y calidad de la mandarina Arrayana en las primeras cosechas. En el experimento, establecido en julio de 1997 en suelos de la terraza alta del piedemonte del Meta (Typic Haplustox), se evaluaron seis patrones usados en la citricultura colombiana. Antes del transplante se aplicaron correctivos para aumentar la saturacion de bases por encima del 60%. La mayor produccion de frutos acumulada de cinco cosechas se obtuvo con Swingle, superando a Volkameriana y detras de este, los patrones Sunki × English y Cleopatra, sin diferencias estadisticas entre ellos, seguidos por Sunki × Jacobson y por ultimo, con la menor produccion, por Carrizo. En la ultima lectura, la altura de la planta fue igual para todos los patrones, con excepcion de Carrizo, que presento el menor tamano, asi como tambien el menor volumen de copa. La mayor eficiencia productiva del volumen de copa promedio de cinco cosechas se obtuvo con Swingle, seguida, en su orden, con los patrones Volkameriana, Sunki × English y Sunki × Jacobson –sin diferencias estadisticas entre ellos–, Cleopatra y en el ultimo lugar Carrizo. El mayor tamano de fruta se produjo en Volkameriana y Swingle, seguidos, en su orden, por Sunki × English, Sunki × Jacobson, Carrizo y Cleopatra. Todos los patrones presentaron calidad de fruta similar, con excepcion de Volkameriana, que demostro un menor contenido en solidos solubles totales (SST) y en la relacion SST/acidez total titulable. Palabras claves adicionales: produccion, tamano del arbol, calidad del fruto, Citrus reticulata
The decision to become an entrepreneur in Spain: The role of the household

This paper analyses how self-employed (entrepreneurs) and employed workers earnings differ in Spain. We develop an empirical analysis on the factors that determine income and the factors that determine the effects on the financial situation of the families of entrepreneurs versus salaried families. We use the “Encuesta Financiera de las Familias” database corresponding to 2011. Our results show that salaried workers earn more than the self-employed workers. Furthermore, pessimism and familiar patrimony play a key role in the entrepreneur decision.
The Implementation Process of IT-Systems and its Effect on User Acceptance

As technology continues to develop, IT implementations are still troublesome. This thesis explores IT implementations and how the implementation processes affect the drivers of user acceptance introduced by Venkatesh et al. (2003). This thesis is based on a multiple case study design that examines three IT implementations in depth and draw theory from research on user acceptance, general project management and change management. The findings from the three cases point to that differences in the implementation processes have led to different results regarding user acceptance. The implementation therefore seem work as a moderator, and it is found that urgency and the communicated benefits are two very successful factors that need to be addressed in the implementation. Another important factor seems to be training during the roll-out phase. Interesting factors, that we also want to acknowledge is the importance of reaching the targeted user group. In two of the cases, the responsible for procuring the system where not from the same department and missed out on addressing the direct needs of the users. By integrating the users in the implementation process could therefore enhance the user acceptance. Lastly, we conclude that many organisations are not ready for this type of change, it is therefore important that the provider of the system is helpful and supporting, providing expertise and experience to the local project managers in the organisations.
Quality of life and coping mechanisms among adults with ADHD

Purpose: Studies have revealed that individuals with ADHD estimate their quality of life to be poorer, compared to individuals in a non-clinical sample. This may be due to limited resources for coping with stressful life events. The objective of this study was to examine whether adults with ADHD use different coping strategies, compared to their spouses and a comparison group. Furthermore, the aim was to find out whether dysfunctional coping strategies among ADHD people would affect their estimation of their quality of life, and cause them to rate it lower than a non-ADHD group. Participants: 73 couples participated in the study 42 couples where one partner had a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD from a physician, and 31 couples who did not meet the inclusion criteria of diagnosed ADHD, but matched other criteria. Measures: The couples answered background questions and seven psychological questionnaires, of which three were used in this study; The Barkley ADHD Current Symptom Scale (BCS), Quality of life scale (QLS) and Brief Cope. Three subscales of Brief Cope Scale were used; Dysfunctional coping strategy (DCS), solution focused strategy (SFS), and emotional focused strategy (EFS). Results: ANOVA demonstrated that those diagnosed with ADHD used more DCS and estimated themselves to be less satisfied compared to their spouses and to non ADHD couples. Significant correlation was found between coping strategies and QLS within all groups, revealing that those diagnosed with ADHD had the strongest correlation to DCS. Multible regression showed that both DCS and SFS explained a significant proportion of the variance of QLS (31,2%). Conclusions: Adults with ADHD use dysfunctional coping strategies more often and estimate their quality of life to be lower, compared to their spouses and a comparison group.
Complementary terahertz absorption and inelastic neutron study of the dynamic anisotropy contribution to zone-center spin waves in a canted antiferromagnet NdFeO3

We employ a combination of pulsed- and continuous-wave polarized terahertz spectroscopy techniques to probe temperature-dependent spin waves in the antiferromagnet $\mathrm{Nd}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Our optical data span 1.6\char21{}467 K and reveal a conspicuous spin reorientation between 110 and 170 K, during which the lower-energy mode softens completely. Complementary inelastic neutron scattering reveals that the frequencies of the optically excited spin waves are consistent with a temperature-variable spin gap in the low-energy spin-wave dispersion of $\mathrm{Nd}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The result links the temperature dependence of the spin waves to a dynamic in-plane anisotropy. The magnetic anisotropy is calculated based on the results of the optical measurements. The change observed in the anisotropy energy along the $a$ and $c$ crystal axes suggests that the spin reorientation evident in $\mathrm{Nd}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is driven by temperature-dependent in-plane anisotropy.
Correlation and path analysis as an indirect selection criterion for sunflower achene productivity = Correlação e análise de trilha como critério de seleção indireta para produtividade de aquênios de girassol

The study was conducted in two different locations in South Brazil, in tillage in the 2009/2010 season on eight sunflower hybrids, aiming to determine the path correlations and coefficients between primary and secondary characters on the main variable of achene productivity. The correlations were similar between environments. The characters of the capitulum diameter and mass of a thousand achenes had a significant influence on sunflower productivity. Based on the magnitude of the direct and indirect effects, we highlighted all primary components on the main variable, beside the good determination coefficient and low residual effect. The secondary component, the number of achenes, despite the significant direct effect on productivity, was indirectly influenced by the primary components, making it an undesirable character for selection.
EPSO - best-of-two-worlds meta-heuristic applied to power system problems

This paper presents a new meta-heuristic (EPSO) built putting together the best features of evolution strategies (ES) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Examples of the superiority of EPSO over classical PSO are reported. The paper also describes the application of EPSO to real world problems, including an application in opto-electronics and another in power systems.
ESTIMATION OF FREAK WAVE OCCURRENCE FROM DEEP TO SHALLOW WATER REGIONS

Nonlinear four-wave interactions amplify wave heights of deep-water generating extreme wave such as a freak wave. However, it is not clear the behavior of generated freak waves in deep-water shoaling to shallow water regions. In this study, a series of physical experiments and numerical simulations with several bathymetry configurations were conducted for unidirectional random waves from deep to shallow water regions. The maximum wave heights increase with an increase in kurtosis by third-order nonlinear interactions in deep water regions. The dependence of the kurtosis on the freak wave occurrence is weakened due to second-order nonlinear interactions associated with wave shoaling on the slope. Moreover, it is possible to understand the behavior of the high-order nonlinearity and the freak wave occurrence in shallow water regions if appropriate correction of the insufficient nonlinearity of more than O(e^2) to the standard Boussinesq equation are considered analytically.
A clinical study of viral hepatitis in children: a prospective hospital-based study

It is defined as infection of the liver caused by hepatotropic and/or non-hepatotropic viruses. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver; the condition can be selflimiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring). Epidemics of viral hepatitis are seen in many developing countries including India. It continues to be a major health problem in both developing and developed countries. Epidemic jaundice due to hepatitis was first described by Hippocrates. This disorder is caused by at least 5 pathogenic hepatotropic viruses recognised to date: hepatitides A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (HDV) and E (HEV) viruses. Many other viruses can cause hepatitis, usually as one component of multisystem disease. These include herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, EpsteinABSTRACT
Lunar dust and lunar simulant activation and monitoring

Abstract— NASA plans to resume human exploration of the Moon in the next decade. One of the pressing concerns is the effect that lunar dust (the fraction of the lunar regolith <20 μm in diameter) will have on systems, both human and mechanical, due to the fact that various problems were caused by dust during the Apollo missions. The loss of vacuum integrity in the lunar sample containers during the Apollo era ensured that the present lunar samples are not in the same condition as they were on the Moon; they have been passivated by oxygen and water vapor. To mitigate the harmful effects of lunar dust on humans, methods of “reactivating” the dust must be developed for experimentation, and, ideally, it should be possible to monitor the level of activity to determine methods of deactivating the dust in future lunar habitats. Here we present results demonstrating that simple grinding, as a simple analog to micrometeorite crushing, is apable of substantially activating lunar dust and lunar simulant, and it is possible to determine the level of chemical activity by monitoring the ability of the dust to produce hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution. Comparisons between ground samples of lunar dust, lunar simulant, and quartz reveal that ground lunar dust is capable of producing over three times the amount of hydroxyl radicals as lunar simulant and an order of magnitude more than ground quartz.
Molecular characterization of trypanosomes isolated from naturally infected cattle in the "Pays Lobi" of Côte d'ivoire

Objectives : this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the ‘‘Pays Lobi’’ of Cote d’Ivoire where a lot of trypanosusceptible zebu cattle are now found. Methodology and Results : Blood samples were collected from 200 male and female cattle sampled in five villages from the department of Bouna. PCR technique was used for the diagnosis of trypanosomes. Out of the 200 animals examined, 41 were infected with trypanosomes, representing an infection prevalence of 20.5 %. The specific diagnosis revealed prevalence rates of 2.5 %, 3 %, 5 %, 10 % for T. congolense ‘‘Savannah’’, T. conglense ‘‘Forest’’, T. vivax and T. brucei , respectively. Three mixed infections were found involving T. congolense ‘‘Savannah’’ and T. brucei , T. congolense ‘‘Forest’’ and T. vivax , T. vivax and T. brucei . Conclusions and applications of findings : The outcome of this study has shown that more attention is needed in controlling trypanosome infection in the ‘‘Pays Lobi’’. Indeed, better understanding of prevalence of sub- clinical infection could help with efforts to control the disease and population-based screening of both animal and insect vectors. Key words : Prevalence, Trypanosomes, trypanosusceptible, zebu; ‘‘Pays Lobi’’
Linking CSR to Strategy: A Practical View

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a basic compendium of how companies can integrate social responsibility into their strategies. The paper analyzes and synthesizes ideas and proposals based on the literature review from different fields. It proposes a practical approach that does not highlight the differences but the positive and mutual synergy of social responsibility with firm’s strategy. There are many practical proposals in the literature and a lot of successful examples from business practice that show how organizations can or have made the implementation of social responsibility into their strategy to work efficiently, but their strategic, social, and environmental importance differs and is limited by many factors. The paper presents different means of connecting social responsibility with organizational strategy to make it work, which can be useful for practitioners, students, and wider public. The paper adds the praxiological or practical perspective to deal with a small but persisting organizational problem and a great social expectation, how to link efficiently social responsibility with organizational strategy into one coherent stream of purposes.
Prevalence and penetrance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a population-based series of breast cancer cases

Estimates of the contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to breast cancer incidence in outbred populations have been based on studies that are either small or have selected for cases diagnosed at an early age. Only one of these has reported an estimate of the breast cancer risk associated with a mutation in these genes, and there is no published ovarian cancer risk estimate derived from a population-based case series. We screened a population-based series of breast cancer cases diagnosed before the age of 55 for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Pedigree information from the mutation carriers was used to estimate penetrance and the proportion of familial risk of breast cancer due to BRCA1 and BRCA2. We identified eight (0.7%) BRCA1 and 16 (1.3%) BRCA2 mutation carriers in 1220 breast cancer cases (actual sample size 1435 adjusted for 15% polymerase chain reaction failure rate). Mutation prevalence was substantially higher in cases diagnosed before 35 years-of-age and with increasing number of relatives affected with breast or ovarian cancer. However, most mutation carriers were diagnosed in the older age groups, and a minority reported a first-degree relative with breast cancer. Breast cancer penetrance by age 80 was estimated to be 48% (95% CI 7–82%) for BRCA1 mutation carriers and 74% (7–94%) for BRCA2 mutation carriers. Ovarian cancer penetrance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 combined was 22% (6–65%) by age 80. 17% of the familial risk of breast cancer was attributable to BRCA1 and BRCA2. At birth, the estimated prevalence of BRCA1 mutation carriers was 0.07% or 0.09% depending on the penetrance function used for the calculation. For BRCA2 the birth prevalence estimates were 0.14% and 0.22%. Mutations in the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are rare in the population and account for a small fraction of all breast cancer in the UK. They account for less than one fifth of the familial risk of breast cancer. Eligibility criteria for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation testing based on family history and age of onset will identify only a small proportion of mutation carriers. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Evaluation of Urinary GGT in Elite Male Karate Athletes Pre & Post Exercise

Background and Aims: Post exercise proteinuria and increased urinary Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels can be indicative of exercise-induced renal damage. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of one session of intensive training on renal tubular injury markers and compare their values to those 6 hours after training, for evaluating tubular damage after intensive training. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study with pre- and post- test design, 10 elite volunteer male athletes were selected and participated in one training session (2 hours). Urine samples were collected before training, one hour after training, and 6 hours after training. Urinary protein, creatinine, and GGT values were measured through laboratory methods and then Pr/Cr and GGT/Cr ratios were computed. Results: There were significant differences between values of protein, urine Pr/Cr ratio, GGT and creatinine in the three sampling phases (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between values for GGT/Cr ratio. There were significant differences between the mean values of creatinine, protein, GGT, and Pr/Cr ratio within pre-exercise and 1 hour post-exercise values and Pr/Cr ratio values in pre-exercise and 6 hours post-exercise (P<0.05). Conclusions: It seems that a session of karate training does not result in permanent renal damage and for evaluation of tubular function, it is better to get the urine sample for urinary marker at least 6 hours after exercise.
Student Satisfaction with Using Online Discussion Forums at Saudi Universities

This study aims to investigate student satisfaction with using online discussion forums (ODFs). It also aims to examine the relationships between student satisfaction with using ODFs and student demographics as well as with their experience with ICT and online education. Data are collected from 2171 students from four leading universities at Saudi Arabia through using an online survey. Overall, the results indicate that students are satisfied with using ODFs in their learning. In addition, student satisfaction with using ODFs had significant relationships with the majority of student demographics and experience with ICT variables. Interestingly, all student experience with online education variables had significant and positive relationships with student satisfaction with using ODFs. However, factors such the availability of the Internet, preference of traditional learning, life commitments, and experience with ICT and online education may affect student satisfaction with using ODFs.
Lifelong learning and the library connection: a perceptual model for tertiary library customer education

‘Lifelong learning and library connection’ as a possible model for tertiary library customer education examines the literature and the transitional skill and ability expectations of a cohort of undergraduate students to propose a ‘perceptual model’ of lifelong learning as an alternative to behavioral and relational models which are more experientially—or practice-based. The hypothesis was that the individual perceptions of students would mirror personal reality; that what they believe they can predict they will pursue. Therefore a perceptual model can facilitate lifelong learning through education approaches geared to the sequential levels of skills needed by particular student (customer) groups.
Anthropogenic aerosol forcing – insights from multiple estimates from aerosol-climate models with reduced complexity

Abstract. This study assesses the change in anthropogenic aerosol forcing from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s. Both decades had similar global-mean anthropogenic aerosol optical depths but substantially different global distributions. For both years, we quantify (i) the forcing spread due to model-internal variability and (ii) the forcing spread among models. Our assessment is based on new ensembles of atmosphere-only simulations with five state-of-the-art Earth system models. Four of these models will be used in the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6; Eyring et al., 2016). Here, the complexity of the anthropogenic aerosol has been reduced in the participating models. In all our simulations, we prescribe the same patterns of the anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and associated effects on the cloud droplet number concentration. We calculate the instantaneous radiative forcing (RF) and the effective radiative forcing (ERF). Their difference defines the net contribution from rapid adjustments. Our simulations show a model spread in ERF from −0.4 to −0.9 W m−2. The standard deviation in annual ERF is 0.3 W m−2, based on 180 individual estimates from each participating model. This result implies that identifying the model spread in ERF due to systematic differences requires averaging over a sufficiently large number of years. Moreover, we find almost identical ERFs for the mid-1970s and mid-2000s for individual models, although there are major model differences in natural aerosols and clouds. The model-ensemble mean ERF is −0.54 W m−2 for the pre-industrial era to the mid-1970s and −0.59 W m−2 for the pre-industrial era to the mid-2000s. Our result suggests that comparing ERF changes between two observable periods rather than absolute magnitudes relative to a poorly constrained pre-industrial state might provide a better test for a model's ability to represent transient climate changes.
A relevant two qubit Bell inequality inequivalent to the CHSH inequality

We computationally investigate the complete polytope of Bell inequalities for two particles with small numbers of possible measurements and outcomes. Our approach is limited by Pitowsky's connection of this problem to the computationally hard NP problem. Despite this, we find that there are very few relevant inequivalent inequalities for small numbers. For example, in the case with three possible 2-outcome measurements on each particle, there is just one new inequality. We describe mixed 2-qubit states which violate this inequality but not the CHSH. The new inequality also illustrates a sharing of bi-partite non-locality between three qubits: something not seen using the CHSH inequality. It also inspires us to discover a class of Bell inequalities with m possible n-outcome measurements on each particle.