Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Montana Forensic Case # 12 : Comprehensive Case Analysis

The remains labeled University of Montana Forensic Case #12 (UMFC 12) were unearthed on August 30, 1983 during the construction of Cruse Avenue in Helena, Montana near the old School Administration Building on Allen Street. Construction workers, using a bulldozer accidently exposed the decomposing grave (Roesgen, 1983). It has been speculated that these remains might belong to a Chinese laborer dating back to the gold rush (Joyce, 1983). An 1884 map of Last Chance Gulch, in which the remains were discovered, indicate that a Chinese cemetery is in the area but the exact coordinates have never been determined (Joyce, 1983). After an in-depth analysis of the remains present it has been determined that the remains are most consistent with an adult white male individual between the ages of 24 to 40 years old, with an approximate height of 62.8-67.8 inches. There appears to be some pathological abnormality affecting the cranium and the right humerus. No obvious antemortem or perimortem trauma is visible on the remains, but there is extensive postmortem breakage. The noticeable staining and deterioration present on the skeletalized remains would indicate that these remains are not recent. It is possible that they could be historic. Additional data, such as associated artifacts or association with datable natural or cultural features, would be needed to suggest a narrower time since death range.
Microscopic Investigation of Shear in Multiwalled Nanotube Deformation

The cylindrical geometry of nanotubes dictates a strong anisotropy of their physical properties. In practice, the difficulty in extracting individual components of the elastic tensor has limited the available information to only very partial and indirect experimental data. Here, the interlayer shear (sliding) modulus (C44) of single multiwalled WS2 nanotubes was studied by atomic force microscopy bending tests. The observed value of 2 GPa agrees well with the value of 4 GPa obtained for density functional tight binding calculations for 2H−MoS2. This value of the shear modulus represents a much higher degree of anisotropy than that obtained for carbon nanotubes and enables assignment of the mode of shear deformation.
Hip Resurfacing Implants: A Literature Review and Our Experience

Hip resurfacing offers a suitable solution for young patients with high function demands and good bone quality affected by hip diseases. The bone stock preservation along with the restoration of the normal proximal femur anatomy, the lack of stressshielding and the resumption of sporting activity are proven advantages of hip resurfacing. However there are some disadvantages such as fracture of the femoral neck, onset of neck-narrowing and possible complications due to the metal-on-metal bearing: pseudotumors, peri-implant osteolysis and chronic elevation of metal ions serum levels. Recent data suggest that the ideal candidate for hip resurfacing is an active male, younger than 65 years old, suffering from primary or post-traumatic osteoarthritis with a femoral head diameter larger than 50/54 mm. Based on these selection criteria literature reports an implant survival similar to total hip replacement. Our experience confirms the low failure rate and the excellent functional outcomes, with stable metal ions serum levels over time in well-functioning implants. Proper surgical technique, correct patient selection together with the right choice of a well established prosthetic model are essential elements for the long-term success of these implants.
Terms of Lending for Small Business Lines of Credit: The Role of Loan Guarantees

This study examines the role of loan guarantees in lines of credit granted to small businesses. Since there is evidence of simultaneity among lending terms, two-stage instrumental variable procedures are used to obtain consistent parameter estimates. The findings suggest the presence of a loan guarantee is associated with lower interest rates and smaller lines of credit and that loan guarantees and collateral are to some extent substitutes in that loans guarantees are a close substitute for collateral but collateral does not always serve as a close substitute for loan guarantees. Furthermore, firms with longer banking relationships and/or fewer banking relationships are less likely to have loan guarantees.
Nanostructured ZnO thin film with improved optical and electrochemical properties prepared by hydrothermal electrochemical deposition technique

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrate by the hydrothermal electrochemical deposition (HTED) route using slightly acidic aqueous zinc acetate solution at 80°C and were characterised by various techniques. The deposited films showed n-type behaviour with improved carrier concentration. The steady state photocurrent densities were found to be 0.4 mA/cm2 (under UV irradiation) and 8 µA/cm2 (under visible light illumination) at zero bias potential. Significant improvement of optical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of deposited films could be achieved using HTED technique.
SPANISH SUBJECT EXPRESSION IN ROSWELL, GEORGIA: DIALECT FORMATION IN AN EMERGING BILINGUAL COMMUNITY by

AN EMERGING BILINGUAL COMMUNITY by PHILIP P. LIMERICK (Under the Direction of Chad Howe) ABSTRACT This study examines the use of Spanish subject pronouns in Roswell, Georgia. Specifically, I investigate the influence of linguistic and social variables on pronoun use in this variety of Spanish, which has not received the same degree of attention as well-studied varieties (e.g. New York). Sociolinguistic interviews were conducted in Roswell (Wilson 2013) and transcribed to allow for analysis of pronouns and factors that may influence subject expression (e.g. person/number) as well as social variables (e.g. length of residency). Results indicate an overall pronoun rate of 21%, similar to that of Mainland newcomers in New York (Otheguy et al. 2007). However, results from the multivariate analysis suggest that pronoun usage in Roswell diverges from these communities, with differential effects observed for factors such as Person/number and Coreferentiality Index. This analysis of subject expression in the Roswell data reveals an intermediate stage of language shift in this particular community.
Profitable Culling and Replacement Strategies

The purpose of this paper and presentation is to encourage dairy producers to critically evaluate their culling and replacement strategies. A strategy many producers should consider is to increase their profit, and lower the herd culling rate, by selling first calf heifers prior to calving. The heifers’ genetic indices can be used to select which will be sold and which will enter the milking herd. However, culling and replacement strategies are complex economic decisions that need to be tailored to individual herd circumstances. This tailoring requires an understanding of the underlying principles of animal replacement, some of which are complex. This paper dispels some of the myths about culling and replacement strategies the dairy industry harbours, for a more extensive discussion see Radke and Lloyd (2000).
Detection of Time Lags between Quasar Continuum Emission Bands Based On Pan-STARRS Light Curves

We study the time lags between the continuum emission of quasars at different wavelengths, based on more than four years of multi-band (g, r, i, z) light curves in the Pan-STARRS Medium Deep Fields. As photons from different bands emerge from different radial ranges in the accretion disk, the lags constrain the sizes of the accretion disks. We select 240 quasars with redshifts of z ≈ 1 or z ≈ 0.3 that are relatively emission-line free. The light curves are sampled from day to month timescales, which makes it possible to detect lags on the scale of the light crossing time of the accretion disks. With the code JAVELIN, we detect typical lags of several days in the rest frame between the g band and the riz bands. The detected lags are ∼2–3 times larger than the light crossing time estimated from the standard thin disk model, consistent with the recently measured lag in NGC 5548 and microlensing measurements of quasars. The lags in our sample are found to increase with increasing luminosity. Furthermore, the increase in lags going from g − r to g − i and then to g − z is slower than predicted in the thin disk model, particularly for high-luminosity quasars. The radial temperature profile in the disk must be different from what is assumed. We also find evidence that the lags decrease with increasing line ratios between ultraviolet Fe ii lines and Mg ii, which may point to changes in the accretion disk structure at higher metallicity.
Factors influencing debt financing within State-owned corporations in Kenya

Debt financing is deemed crucial for economic development, as evidenced by the positive relationship between financial deepening and economic growth. Majority of studies on debt financing have been undertaken using data from developed economies, focusing more on private sector nonfinancial corporations. This study, therefore, attempts to fill the gap in the literature by investigating the factors influencing debt financing, using data from corporations within the public sector and from a developing economy. The study applied the fixed effects (FE), random effects (RE) and the general methods of moments (GMM), using the panel data regression analysis. Profitability, asset tangibility and corporation growth, were identified to be the main factors influencing debt financing within state-owned corporations in Kenya.
Organizing regulation in a multi-actor setting; labor inspections in a federal structure

The current paper deals with interdependence between actors in complex interorganizational networks. In recent years, the regulation literature has reported a marked increase in the complexity of regulation. New regulatory organizations have emerged, out of a hiving off from existing organizations (Jordana and Levi-Faur 2004). The increase of the number of regulatory bodies is the result of two kinds of specialization. Horizontal specialisation is ‘the splitting of organizations at the same administrative and hierarchical level. and assigning tasks and authority to them’ (Laegreid et al. 2003:1). Whereas different stages of the policy cycle (policy preparation, implementation, evaluation and audit) used to be concentrated in single bureaucratic organizations, these stages are now separated and assigned as specific tasks to different organizations. Vertical specialization is ‘differentiation of responsibility on hierarchical levels, describing how political and administrative tasks and authority are allocated between forms of affiliation’ (Laegreid et al. 2003:1). This refers to the creation of semi-autonomous agencies that are placed at arm’s length of the core government bureaucracy. The credible commitment thesis holds that politicians should grant significant autonomy and decision-making powers to regulators, because independent regulators are more credible than traditional government bureaucracies (see Majone 1994). In addition, it indicates that authority has been dispersed from central states towards multiple levels of government. National states have delegated authority to subnational (e.g. regions) and supranational levels. As a result of specialization, sectors are now governed by multi-actor and multi-level constellations of relatively small and highly specialized government organizations.
Modelling Mortality For Pension Schemes

For many pension schemes, a shortage of data limits their ability to use sophisticated stochastic mortality models to assess and manage their exposure to longevity risk. In this study, we develop a mortality model designed for such pension schemes, which compares the evolution of mortality rates in a sub-population with that observed in a larger reference population. We apply this approach to data from the CMI Self-Administered Pension Scheme study, using U.K. population data as a reference. We then use the approach to investigate the potential differences in the evolution of mortality rates between these two populations and find that, in many practical situations, basis risk is much less of a problem than is commonly believed.
Experimental Investigations of Secondary Flow Development Around Tandem Vanes in a 2D Linear Stator Compressor Cascade

Wake flow measurements and multi-colored oil flow visualizations were performed in a 2D linear stator compressor cascade for tandem configurations. Two sets of tandem vanes with different load split (LS) are compared to a set of conventional single vane reference blades. The measurements were performed at a Mach number of 0.6 and a Reynolds number of 900.000. During the experiments the tangential displacement (percent pitch PP) is varied from 85% to 95% for the tandem blade configurations. The results of the oil flow visualization in addition with wake flow measurements show how the secondary flow structures develop and change with varying tangential displacement.
The Informal Sector and the Environment in Nigerian Towns: What we Know and What we Still Need to Know

People of low-income in Nigerian towns/cities rely on the informal sector for survival because the sector provides am ple opportunities to su pport their livelihood. Whether analy sts are considering specific aspects of the urban informal sector in Nigeria or the role of that sector in general, it is important to understand how the sector develops and changes over time, and how it interacts with, and affects the environment. We already know in a general way the many problems associated with wastes generated from urban infor mal economic activities; but, there are only few well documented case studies of environmental degr adation associated with informal sector activities. This study draws attention to some neglected aspects of informal sector research, especially one which relates to the environment, an area which should be further investigated by researchers undertaking field research on the informal sector in Nigeria . By focusing on specific sub-sectors of the informal sector, and how they affect the environment, we will be in a better position to formulate new policies that will aid environmental management and sustainability in Nigerian towns.
Infrastructure and productivity in Latin America: is there a relationship in the long run?

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between infrastructure and total factor productivity (TFP) in the four major Latin American economies: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Design/methodology/approach - The authors hypothesise that an increase in infrastructure has an indirect effect on output by raising productivity. To assess this theory, the traditional Johansen methodology was used for testing the cointegration between TFP and physical measures of infrastructure stock, such as energy, roads, and telephones. The Lutkepohl, Saikkonen and Trenkler Test, which considers a possible level shift in the series and has better small sample properties, was applied to the same data set and the two tests were compared. Findings - The results do not support a robust long-term relationship between the series; the authors do not find strong evidence that cuts in infrastructure investment in some Latin American countries were the main reason for the fall in TFP during the 1970s and 1980s. Originality/value - The present paper addresses the empirical relationship between infrastructure and economic growth for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico between 1950 and 2000, using new time series econometric methods finding new evidences on this relationship.
ALMA [C ii] 158 μm Detection of a Redshift 7 Lensed Galaxy behind RX J1347.1−1145

We present the results of ALMA spectroscopic follow-up of a z = 6.766 Lyα emitting galaxy behind the cluster RX J1347.1−1145. We report the detection of [C ii] 158 μm line fully consistent with the Lyα redshift and with the peak of the optical emission. Given the magnification of μ = 5.0 ± 0.3, the intrinsic (corrected for lensing) luminosity of the [C ii] line is L[C ii] , roughly ∼5 times fainter than other detections of z ∼ 7 galaxies. The result indicates that low L[C ii] in z ∼ 7 galaxies compared to the local counterparts might be caused by their low metallicities and/or feedback. The small velocity offset ( ) between the Lyα and [C ii] line is unusual, and may be indicative of ionizing photons escaping.
Total Discharge Estimation in the Korean Peninsula Using Multi-Satellite Products

Estimation of total discharge is necessary to understand the hydrological cycle and to manage water resources efficiently. However, the task is problematic in an area where ground observations are limited. The North Korea region is one example. Here, the total discharge was estimated based on the water balance using multiple satellite products. They are the terrestrial water storage changes (TWSC) derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), precipitation from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and evapotranspiration from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The satellite-based discharge was compared with land surface model products of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), and a positive relationship between the results was obtained (r = 0.70–0.86; bias = −9.08–16.99 mm/month; RMSE = 36.90–62.56 mm/month; NSE = 0.01–0.62). Among the four land surface models of GLDAS (CLM, Mosaic, Noah, and VIC), CLM corresponded best with the satellite-based discharge, satellite-based discharge has a tendency to slightly overestimate compared to model-based discharge (CLM, Mosaic, Noah, and VIC) in the dry season. Also, the total discharge data based on the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the in situ discharge for major five river basins in South Korea show comparable seasonality and high correlation with the satellite-based discharge. In spite of the relatively low spatial resolution of GRACE, and loss of information incurred during the process of integrating three different satellite products, the proposed methodology can be a practical tool to estimate the total discharge with reasonable accuracy, especially in a region with scarce hydrologic data.
Effects of crop density and reduced rates of pretilachlor on weed control and grain yield in rice.

Field experiments were conducted at Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Iran, to determine if increased rice plant density improves weed control and reduces herbicide application rate. In both years, the experimental design was split plot where the whole plot design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Main plots were herbicide rates (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 L ha -1 of Pretilachlor) and subplots were plant densities (16, 25 and 33 plants m -2 ). Results showed that at high rice density, rice grain yield increased significantly from 1927 kg ha -1 to 3217 kg ha -1 as the rate of pretilachlor increased from 0 to 1.5 L ha -1 , but there was no further increase in yield above this rate. At medium and low densities, grain yield increased significantly as the rate of pretilachlor increased from 0 to 2 L ha -1 . In plots treated with recommended rate of pretilachlor (2 L ha -1 ), there were no significant differences for grain yield among the crop densities, whereas in untreated plots, the grain yield increased by 51% from low to high crop density. For the 0, 25%, 50%, and 75% of recommended rates, weed biomass decreased significantly with increasing rice density, while for the 100% of recommended rate, weed biomass was unaffected with increasing crop density. This study illustrated that planting rice at higher density can reduce herbicide rate by 25% without adverse effect on grain yield, and can be an important component of integrated weed management strategy in lowland rice systems.
Causes and Economic Effects of Mortality in Livestock Guarding Dogs

We assessed causes of pre-senile mortality among working guarding dogs, and its effects on their manrgement and cost. A population of 449 livestock guarding dogs in 31 states showed no differences in mortality due to breed or sex, but dogs working on open rangelands died more frequently (p<.OOl) than those working on farms or fenced ranches. Half of the farm dogs died before they reached 38 months of age, by which time nearly three-quarters of the open rangelands dogs had succumbed. Accidents accounted for over half the deaths, culling for inappropriate behavior accounted for one-third, and diseases for 9%. High accident and culling rates in young dogs substantially increased the cost of this predator control technique. However, we found 2 main areas where corrective measures can be applied: (1) increasing the awareness among producers that accidents are a main cause of deaths especially during the dogs’ first 30 months of age; and (2) reducing the number of culls by improving the genetics of the dogs and by training producers to manage them. Eurasian livestock guarding dogs (Canis familiaris) can reduce or eliminate predation on sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hireus) on farms and ranches in the United States (Coppinger et al. 1983a,b; Green and Woodruff 1983a). Such reduction depends on dogs being attentive and trustworthy. Dogs deficient in either of those attributes are unsuccessful. Methods of predator control must be economical to be useful. Although guarding dogs are proving to be of reasonable cost, producers need to be aware of factors that can rapidly change the economic picture. Green et al. (1984) estimated dollar costs of guarding dogs and suggested that ability to deter predators and longevity are additional factors that influence costs relative to benefit. We examined the effect of ability and longevity on working guarding dogs. Specifically, we looked at: (1) the duration of guarding behavior, which is partially dependent upon the life span of the dog, and (2) the percentage of dogs that show appropriate guarding behavior. The longer a dog lives, the more cost-effective it will become, because the costs of purchase and training can be amortized over a longer period. Moreover, a longer life span makes the generally ineffective juvenile months a smaller percentage of the total. We assessed causes of pre-senile mortality among working guarding dogs, and its effects on their management and cost. In addition, we developed actuarial statistics that will assist producers, researchers, veterinarians, and breeders in keeping track of the age structure of a population of working guardians, and in planning for replacement animals.
Türkiye’de Matematik Eğitimi Alanında Yayınlanan Matematiksel Model ve Modelleme Araştırmalarının Betimsel İçerik Analizi

Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’de matematik egitimi alaninda yayinlanan matematiksel modelleme arastirmalarinin egilimini tespit etmek ve bu baglamda ilgili alana oneriler sunmaktir. Bu amac dogrultusunda Turkiye’de 24 ulusal dergideki 38 makale ve 14 farkli universitede yurutulen 28 tez incelenmistir. Ilgili yayinlari degerlendirmek icin literaturden yararlanilarak gelistirilen yayin siniflandirma formu, modelleme arastirmalari icin revize edilerek kullanilmistir. Formda ilgilicalismanin kunyesi, alani, matematik konu alani matematiksel modelleme turleri, matematiksel modelleme kullanim sekli, arastirma yontemi veri toplama araclari, orneklemi, veri analizi yontemi ve calismanin sonucu kategorileri bulunmaktadir. Bu kategorilere gore yapilan analizler, frekans ve yuzde gibi betimsel istatistik teknikleri kullanilarak sunulmustur. Arastirmanin bulgularina gore, Turkiye’de matematiksel modellemeye yonelik calismalarin yaklasik on yillik bir gecmise sahip oldugu ve artarak devam ettigi belirlenmistir. Bunun yaninda, matematiksel modellemeye yonelik tezlerin ise yuksek lisans duzeyinde yogunlastigi gorulmustur. Calismadan elde edilen sonuclarin alanda gerceklestirilen calismalarin guclu ve eksik yonlerini gorme acisindan yararli olacagi, gelecek calismalara yon vermede belirleyici bir kaynak olarak kullanilabilecegi ve matematiksel modellemeye yonelik arastirma yapan arastirmacilara rehber olabilecegi dusunulmektedir.