Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absolute frequency measurement of the 88 Sr + clock transition using a GPS link to the SI second

We report the results of a recent measurement of the absolute frequency of the s S 5 2 1 2 / – d D 4 2 5 2 / transition of the + Sr 88 ion. The optical frequency was measured against the international atomic time realization of the SI second on the geoid as obtained by frequency transfer using a global positioning system link and the precise point positioning technique. The measurement campaign yielded more than 100 h of frequency data. It was performed with improvements to the stability and accuracy of the single­ion clock compared to the last measurement made in 2012. The single ion clock uncertainty is evaluated at × − 1.5 10 17 when contributions from acousto­optic modulator frequency chirps and servo errors are taken into account. The stability of the ion clock is × − 3 10 15 at 1 s averaging, a factor of three better than in the previous measurement. The results from the two measurement campaigns are in good agreement. The uncertainty of the measurement, primarily from the link to the SI second, is 0.75 Hz ( × − 1.7 10 15). The frequency measured for the S–D clock transition of + Sr 88 is ν = 0 444 779 044 095 485.27 75 ( ) Hz.
Syste Identification Algorith for Non-Unifor ly Sa pled Data

Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of algorithms for identification of parsimonious discrete time models from noisy input/output data sets since this facilitates controller design. Several methods, such as nuclear norm minimization, have been used to provide approximate solutions to this non-convex problem. However, even though the field of continuous time system identification is now mature, results on parsimonious model identification of continuous time systems are still very limited. In this paper, an atomic norm minimization method is proposed for this purpose that can handle non-uniformly sampled data without preprocessing. The proposed approach provides an efficient way to use noisy, nonuniformly sampled data to determine a reliable, low-order continuous time model. Numerical performance is illustrated using academic examples and simulated behavioral data from a smoking cessation study.
Supranational Influence in the Reform of the Eurozone *

When, why and how are the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the European Parliament influential in European Union (EU) policy-making? This paper addresses this classic question of EU studies through a systematic, empirical analysis of supranational influence in the reform of the Eurozone, 2010-2015. We develop theoretical expectations about the determinants of supranational influence, privileging the strategic setting of EU decisionmaking and the characteristics of member states. Empirically, we draw on unique data on 39 contested policy issues negotiated during the Eurozone crisis to measure and explain supranational influence. Methodologically, we pioneer a novel relational measure of supranational influence vis-à-vis individual member states that we analyze with cross-nested hierarchical models. The central findings of our analysis are three-fold. First, the Commission and, to a lesser extent, the European Central Bank and the European Parliament greatly influenced negotiated outcomes. Second, the institutions were particularly influential when decisions were adopted through procedures granting them a larger role in policy-making. Third, the institutions were more influential in relation to member states with greater voting power, less network capital, higher economic vulnerability, and lower issue salience. These findings suggest that supranational influence remains an important feature of EU politics, even on a highly contested issue such as Eurozone reform. * This research is part of the project ‘EMU Choices’ funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 649532. We thank Meltem Müftüler Bac, Ludvig Norman, Frank Schimmelfennig, Uwe Puetter, and Amy Verdun, for helpful comments on earlier drafts.
Risk Aversion in Wartime 1

The literature links extreme events to changes in risk aversion but fails to find a consensus on the direction of this change. Due to data limitation the speed of the change in risk aversion is never analyzed. This paper overcomes this limitation on basis of an original methodology. To elicit changes in attitude toward risk, we rely on the daily market price of a lottery bond issued by Belgium. We provide evidence on the dynamic of risk preferences just before, during and just after the Second World War. Risk attitudes varied substantially between 1939 and 1947. Risk aversion increased at the outbreak of the war, then decreased dramatically during the occupation to increase again after the war. To our knowledge, this reversal in risk attitude is unique in the literature. We discuss several potential explanations to this pattern, namely changes in economic perspectives, mood, prospect theory, and background risk. While they might all have played a role, we argue that habituation to background risk most consistently explains the observed behavior over the whole period. Living continuously exposed to the war-related risks gradually changed the risk-taking behavior of investors.
Accounting Conservatism and Firm Investment Efficiency by

The prime objective of this study is to assess the role of conservatism in exploring firms’ investment efficiency. Panel data is used for Pakistani non-financial firms for period (1998-2015). Khan and Watts (2009) proxy of conservatism is used for timely recognition of losses and gains. This conservatism is through size, marketto-book ratio and leverage. G-Score and C-Score are used for capturing the effect of good news as gains and bad news as losses in stock prices of a firm while credit rating is used for information asymmetry effect. Empirical results of this study show that conservatism significantly affects investment efficiency. Specifically, those firms setting in prone to under-investment, conservatism encourages more investment but do not prefer overinvestment. The results of the study also show that conservatism encourages debt financing in the presence of high information asymmetry. Secondly findings of this study show that equity holder does not provide additional funds to more conservative firms. Conservatism and profitability analysis shows insignificant relationship. Conservatism through timely losses recognition also play vital role in reducing conflicts among equityholders and debtholders. These results suggest that conservatism paly important monitoring role for protecting investors funds and increases overall investment efficiencies.
Evaluation of the efficacy of cypermethrin against the darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cypermethrin at two different concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm against larvae and adult darkling beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus), which serve as a vector for many poultry tapeworms, nematodes and viral diseases. Cypermethrin was mixed with acetone at two different concentrations viz., 50 and 100 ppm, and coated all sides of the glass vial by rotating for a few minutes. At 30 minutes after exposure in a drug coated glass vial, the mortality rate observed was 94% and 98%, 90% and 97% against larvae and adults, respectively. At 60 minutes after exposure, the mortality rate was increased to 100% in both concentrations against larvae and adult. The mean of mortality rates between treated and control group were highly significant (p = 0.05). The present study suggests that cypermethrin is an effective insecticide against the darkling beetles and their larvae to reduce its population and improving the productivity of poultry houses.
Factors Affecting the Payout Policies of Companies Listed on the Jordanian Stock Exchange Market

The purpose of this study is to identify the principal factors affecting the payout policies of companies listed on the Jordanian Stock Exchange Market. Since share repurchase was allowed in Jordan in 2006, the payout policies might be influenced. Based on the theoretical considerations, a model was proposed to examine its relationship with affecting factors. A quantitative analytical method was used, a total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to department managers from 70 out of 111 listed companies in Jordan, 350 were collected and 330 usable questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the data analysis. Based on the statistical findings, the payout policies have a significant relationship with the affecting factors. It also concluded a detailed view on the characteristics of companies’ payout policies and provided information about the importance and the sensitive role of the affecting factors on analyzing the corporate strategies regarding payout policies toward shareholders. The findings resulted from this study may be able to provide some practical insight for the financial specialist about the current technique that companies implement when the decision to distribute profits to shareholders. This study might pave the way for further studies on payout policies. Further studies could be carried out to identify other factors that may impact the payout policies.
Suicidal ideation and the use of illicit drugs in women

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. Confl icts of interest: none to declare. Abstract Objective: To analyze the relationship between suicidal ideation and illicit drug use in women. Methods: An analytical study conducted with 369 women receiving care in the Basic Health Units, using the Non-Student Drug Use Questionnaire and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire for investigating suicidal ideation. Results: Association between suicidal ideation and the use of tranquilizers without medical prescription (p=0.005), solvents (p=0.006), and marijuana (p=0.003) was identifi ed. Utilization of tranquilizers increased the chances of suicidal ideation in women by 2.7 times (CI=1.3725.608) when compared to those who did not use these drugs; the use of solvents increased it by 10.1 times (CI=2.197-46.967), and marijuana use by 3.3 times (CI=1.865-13.900). Conclusion: The indicators indicate that illicit drug use by women has serious implications and, therefore, requires effective interventions that should focus above all on the prevention of suicidal ideation, as the progression of this ideation may converge in tragic outcomes that include attempted suicide, self-mutilation, and suicide.
THE FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMER DECISIONS IN THE OFFICE FURNITURE SECTOR

Article Info Abstract Office furniture sector is a sector where design has a profound effect on competition. Product ranges are continuously renewed by companies and presented to consumers through fairs and similar organizations. The success of a product is measured by not only meeting the needs of the user and fulfilling the usage requirements but the commercial success it provides to the company as well. Commercial success is measured by the meeting of the product with its users and the profitability it provides to its company during this meeting. At this point, it becomes important to know who is making the purchase decision about the product. While at home furniture sector it may be the product user who can directly make the purchasing decision, the one who decides to purchase the product and the product user can be quite different when it comes to office furniture. From this point of view, if one put a research on factors affecting the purchasing decisions for home furniture can focus on the user, in a similar study in office furniture, it will be important to determine who made the purchase decisions and establish the study in this focus. With this in mind, in this study, initially the decision-making groups about purchasing were identified. Following this determination, studies were conducted to explore the factors affecting the identified groups’ purchasing decisions for the purposes of giving suggestions and providing information to consumers, sellers, manufacturers, designers, and researchers who are actively involved in office furniture. Received: 20/05/2019 Accepted: 22/05/2019
University of Southern Denmark Structural equation models for meta-analysis in environmental risk assessment

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Discussion : “ Personality , Education , and Health-Related Outcomes of High Ability Individuals

We estimate effects of five latent personality skills and higher education on determinants of longevity, including health behaviors, lifestyles, lifetime earnings, as well as general and mental health. The latent personality skills are closely related to the well-established contemporary Big Five taxonomy of personality. We also provide a theoretical model, which shows possible channels through which personality and education affect health behaviors and lifestyles. We employ the Terman life cycle data of children with high ability (1922–1991), uniquely suited to studying the developmental and behavioral origins of health and longevity. We uncover possible mechanisms behind strong treatment effects of personality and college education on longevity documented in Savelyev (2013). We account for measurement error in the proxies of personality skills via factor-analytic methods, and control for multiple hypotheses using a new version of the Holm-Bonferroni method with superior power proposed by Romano and Wolf (2005). We find strong effects of personality skills and education on health and health-related outcomes. The effects of education and the five personality skills differ by gender and outcome, demonstrating substantial heterogeneity in the role of multiple human skills in generating health. Variance explained by the five latent personality skills is comparable to the variance explained by all observable determinants taken together including education, IQ, early heatlh, and family background.
Digital Commons @ Otterbein Digital Commons @ Otterbein Using the Integrated Behavioral Model to Predict High-Risk Using the Integrated Behavioral Model to Predict High-Risk Drinking among College Students Drinking among College Students

This study assessed the Integrated Behavioral Model’s (IBM) utility in explaining high-risk drinking among college students. A total of 356 participants completed a four-page questionnaire based on the (IBM) theory and their drinking behavior. The results from a path analysis revealed three significant constructs (p<0.05) which predicted intentions to engage in high-risk drinking: experiential attitude (0.34), injunctive norms (0.23), and self-efficacy (-0.28). The IBM explained approximately 45% and 26% of variance in intentions and high-risk drinking, respec -tively. Although limited in its use thus far, the IBM shows promise in its application regarding high-risk drinking prevention among college students.
The Impact of Scheduling Birth Early on Infant Health

We take advantage of a unique natural experiment to provide new, credible evidence on the health consequences of scheduling birth early for non-medical reasons.In May 2010, the Spanish government announced that a €2,500 universal “baby bonus” would stop being paid to babies born after December31st, 2010. Using administrative data from birth certificates and hospital records, we find that about 2,000 families shifted their date of birth from January 2011 to December 2010 (outof 9,000 weekly births). The affected babies, born about one week early on average, weighed about 200 grams less at birth, and suffered a sizeable increase in hospitalization rates in the first two months of life, mostly for respiratory disease.
30TH INTERNATIONAL COSMIC RAY CONFERENCE The PAMELA Electromagnetic Calorimeter: Flight Status

The current status of the PAMELA electromagnetic calorimeter on board the satellite Resurs– DK1 will be presented. The PAMELA apparatus was placed in orbit on 15 June 2006. The main task of the calorimeter is to select cosmic–ray antiprotons and positrons in a vast background of electrons and protons respectively with an high rejection power. Furthermore, the calorimeter is equipped with a self–trigger capability that allows PAMELA to measure very high–energy electrons. The calorimeter behaviour has been stable since the launch and no main differences can be noted respect to ground test prior the launch. In flight particle discrimination capabilities will be shown.
Pairwise influences in dynamic choice: network-based model and application

ABSTRACT In this paper, we study the problem of network discovery and influence propagation, and propose an integrated approach for the analysis of lead-lag synchronization in multiple choices. Network models for the processes by which decisions propagate through social interaction have been studied before, but only a few consider unknown structures of interacting agents. In fact, while individual choices are typically observed, inferring individual influences – who influences who – from sequences of dynamic choices requires strong modeling assumptions on the cross-section dependencies of the observed panels. We propose a class of parametric models which extends the vector autoregression to the case of pairwise influences between individual choices over multiple items and supports the analysis of influence propagation. After uncovering a collection of theoretical properties (conditional moments, parameter sensitivity, identifiability and estimation), we provide an economic application to music broadcasting, where a set of songs are diffused over radio stations; we infer station-to-station influences based on the proposed methodology and assess the propagation effect of initial launching stations to maximize songs diffusion. Both on the theoretical and empirical sides, the proposed approach connects fields which are traditionally treated as separated areas: the problem of network discovery and the one of influence propagation.
Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, and their additive effects on myocardial infarction and stroke: a cross-sectional study in Nanjing, China.

Background This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, and to evaluate their additive effects on myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in Nanjing in East China. Methods A multistage, stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select representative participants. All eligible participants completed questionnaires, physical measurements, and blood tests. Multivariable and univariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify associated risk factors and evaluate additive effects on cardiovascular events, respectively. Results Hypertension was the most prevalent chronic disease among 11,036 participants enrolled (18.5%), followed by dyslipidemia (8.3%) and diabetes (6.0%). The prevalence of hypertension was higher in men than in women while no sex-related difference was observed in the prevalence of diabetes and dyslipidemia. Older age and higher body mass index were risk factors for all three diseases. Sex, central obesity, smoking, number of family members, salt intake, and family history of hypertension were associated with hypertension; central obesity, smoking, alcohol assumption, and family history of diabetes correlated with diabetes; and female sex, higher education, and alcohol assumption were risk factors for dyslipidemia. Hypertension complicated with dyslipidemia conferred more risk of MI and stroke than independent effects. Diabetes also contributed to risk based on hypertension or dyslipidemia. Conclusions The burden of hypertension and diabetes has stopped increasing. However, total cholesterol (TC) concentration in the population has not been well controlled. A more comprehensive approach to managing dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes needs to be developed, especially for individuals with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.
Valuing Financial Literacy Training

Financial literacy is strongly correlated with use of nancial services, savings and retirement planning in the developed world. This paper presents new evidence from the developing world linking nancial literacy to nancial behavior, using original survey data from Indonesia and India. We nd that a simple measure of nancial literacy strongly predicts demand for nancial services, and is correlated with household wealth, education and well-being. One potential implication of these ndings is that nancial literacy education could improve the use of nancial services and ultimately household welfare. To test this hypothesis, we implement a randomized evaluation involving 564 unbanked households in Indonesia. The intervention comprises two parts. First, half the unbanked households are o¤ered free nancial literacy education, focusing on the costs and bene ts of opening a bank savings account. Second, households are o¤ered a small incentive (ranging from US $3 to $14) if they open a bank savings account. Take-up of the nancial literacy program is high, yet we precisely estimate that the program has no e¤ect on the likelihood of opening a bank savings account in the full sample. However, the treatment e¤ect is positive for uneducated and nancially illiterate households. In contrast, even the small incentive payments have a positive e¤ect on the likelihood of opening a bank savings account in the full sample. The incentive payments are more than two times more cost-e¤ective than the nancial literacy program in inducing nancially illiterate households to open bank savings accounts, though this calculation does not take into account any ancillary bene ts of nancial education. Harvard Business School (scole@hbs.edu), Harvard University (tsampson@fas.harvard.edu) and the World Bank (bzia@worldbank.org), respectively. yWe thank participants at the World Bank Global Seminar on Financial Literacy and Consumer Protection, the World Bank Finance Seminar, and the OECD Bank Indonesia International Conference on Financial Education. Financial support from the World Bank is greatly appreciated.
Physiological and perceptual responses in the Sherpa method of carrying loads : Role of hip belt and shoulder strap supports

The manual load carrying system is still widespread in hilly areas of Northeastern part of India due to lack of transportation infrastructure. It is not uncommon to see workers routinely take head-supported loads like the Sherpa method where a load slung on the back and supported by a strap over the forehead. This type of load carriage has become a concern to significant postural discomforts, mainly on head, neck, and shoulders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the physiological and perceptual responses to carry the load in Sherpa method with and without hip belt and shoulder strap supports. In this study, hypothesize that the use of a hip belt and shoulder strap in Sherpa style would elicit lower physiological and perceptual responses than without support. A total of 10 agricultural workers participated in this study and carried 20% and 40% of their body weight while walking at 3 km/h on a motor-driven treadmill with the grade alternating at 0%, 5%, and 10% upward slopes. The results showed that the heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2) and subjective perceptual responses significantly decreased by using the supports of belt and strap in comparison to without supports. This research finding suggests that load transportation without supports is ergonomically inadvisable.