Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Year : 2012 Frontal GABA levels change during working memory

Functional neuroimaging metrics are thought to reflect changes in neurotransmitter flux, but changes in neurotransmitter levels have not been demonstrated in humans during a cognitive task, and the relationship between neurotransmitter dynamics and hemodynamic activity during cognition has not yet been established. We evaluate the concentration of the major inhibitory (GABA) and excitatory (glutamate + glutamine: Glx) neurotransmitters and the cerebral perfusion at rest and during a prolonged delayed match-to-sample working memory task. Resting GABA levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex correlated positively with the resting perfusion and inversely with the change in perfusion during the task. Further, only GABA increased significantly during the first working memory run and then decreased continuously across subsequent task runs. The decrease of GABA over time was paralleled by a trend towards decreased reaction times and higher task accuracy. These results demonstrate a link between neurotransmitter dynamics and hemodynamic activity during working memory, indicating that functional neuroimaging metrics depend on the balance of excitation and inhibition required for cognitive processing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0031933 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-62529 Published Version Originally published at: Michels, Lars; Martin, Ernst; Klaver, Peter; Edden, Richard; Zelaya, Fernando; Lythgoe, David J; Lüchinger, Rafael; Brandeis, Daniel; O’Gorman, Ruth L (2012). Frontal GABA levels change during working memory. PLoS ONE, 7(4):e31933. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0031933 Frontal GABA Levels Change during Working Memory Lars Michels*, Ernst Martin, Peter Klaver, Richard Edden, Fernando Zelaya, David J. Lythgoe, Rafael Lüchinger, Daniel Brandeis, Ruth L. O’Gorman 1Center for MR-Research, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, 2 Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 3 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland, 4Division of Abnormal Psychology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 5 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 6 F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 7Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, 8Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland, 9Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University,
Large-pore hemodialysis in acute endotoxin shock.

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that hemodialysis with a large-pore membrane would improve heart function during acute endotoxin shock. SETTING Large animal laboratory. DESIGN Eighteen mongrel dogs were instrumented to measure left ventricular maximum end-systolic elastance (left ventricular maximum elastance at end systole), cardiac output, circumflex artery blood flow, and myocardial mechanical efficiency (CO x MAP/MVO2, where CO is cardiac output, MAP is mean arterial pressure, and MVO2 is myocardial oxygen consumption). Plasma catecholamine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Endotoxin shock was induced by infusing 5.0 microg/kg/min of Escherichia col 0127:B8 endotoxin in the portal vein for 60 mins, followed by 2.0 microg/kg/min of constant infusion. Control dogs (n = 6) received 4.0 mL/kg/min of saline; hemodialysis dogs (n = 6) underwent venovenous hemodialysis in 50-min intervals using a polysulfone filter (1.2 m2; mean pore size, 0.50 nm; blood flow rate, 400 mL/min; ultrafiltrate, "zero-balanced"); shams (n = 5) were treated identically to hemodialysis dogs, except that no convective dialysis was performed. A fourth group (n = 6) was treated with dopamine (5.0-7.0 microg/kg/min, optimal dose for contractile increase based on dose-response studies). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS After 2 hrs of treatment, left ventricular maximum elastance at end systole increased and was unchanged in controls (30 +/- 5 mm Hg/mm) and shams (24 +/- 6 mm Hg/mm) compared with basal control. Hemodialysis treatment increased contractility (53 +/- 4 mm Hg/mm), as did dopamine treatment (54 +/- 7 mm Hg/mm). Endotoxin shock reduced mechanical efficiency to 45% of basal control; with hemodialysis treatment, left ventricular efficiency returned to 64% of basal control measurement, compared with 49% with dopamine treatment. During treatment, myocardial glucose uptake was increased with hemodialysis compared with other groups. No difference was observed among groups for left ventricular end-diastolic pressures or dimensions, or catecholamine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Large-pore hemodialysis increased left ventricular contractility to a similar degree as dopamine and provided a marginal improvement in myocardial glucose uptake and mechanical efficiency.
Cell Kinetic Studies of Different Cell Types In the Developing and Adult Brain of the Rat and the Mouse: A Review

Cell kinetic methods using labelled thymidine (TdR) and high resolution autoradiography have been applied increasingly during the last 20 years to study the development of the brain during the preand post-natal period, as well as the proliferative behaviour of different cell types in the brain of the adult animal. These investigations have provided knowledge that would never have been obtained by histological methods alone. The site and time of cell proliferation of different kinds of cells as well as migration and differentiation of various neural cell types were elucidated in this way. This survey of cell kinetic data for the different cell types in the brain of the rat and the mouse is intended to show the present state of our knowledge of their proliferative behaviour. It is restricted mainly to the rat and the mouse, since most of the experimental studies on cell kinetics in the brain have been carried out in these species (cf: also Lewis, 1979). No extensive review on the development of the brain including historical retrospectives is attempted. However, an up-to-date report of cell kinetic data is given that should provide an insight into the present state of knowledge in the field and should offer ready access to the pertinent literature. The references cited comprise original papers as well as review articles in the special fields of investigation. The reader will also find literature concerning special methods necessary for cell kinetic studies on the different cell types in the brain of the adult animal. The present review of cell kinetic data shows that there is tremendous progress in our knowledge of the proliferation of different cell types in the brain, particularly of the adult animal. This is apparent if one considers that some 10 years ago it was still uncertain whether the labelling of glial cell with labelled TdR meant proliferation at all. The following abbreviations are used throughout the text: cycle time, T,; cycle phases, GI, S, G,, M; durations of the cycle phases, TG,,Ts, TG2, TM; labelling index, LI; growth fraction, GF.
Transient Off-Current in Junctionless FETs

We report preliminary measurements of transient drain current undershoot with time constants of the order of milliseconds in thick and highly doped n-type junctionless field-effect transistors. This effect might be attributed to a process involving generation of holes in the n-type-doped channel, which can also explain the partial channel depletion as consequence of channel screening by an inversion layer, thus impeding the device to be switched off. The approach described in this work could also be used for characterization of silicon channels in junctionless nanowires.
“Life-like” assessment of antimicrobial surfaces by a new touch transfer assay displays strong superiority of a copper alloy compared to silver containing surfaces

Transmission of bacteria from inanimate surfaces in healthcare associated environments is an important source of hospital acquired infections. A number of commercially available medical devices promise to fulfill antibacterial activity to reduce environmental contamination. In this study we developed a touch transfer assay modeling fingerprint transmission to investigate the antibacterial activity of surfaces, with confirmed antibacterial activity by a modified ISO 22196 (JIS Z 2801) assay to test such surfaces under more realistic conditions. Bacteria were taken up from a dry standardized primary contaminated surface (PCS) with disinfected fingers or fingers covered with sterile and moistened cotton gloves. Subsequently, bacteria were transferred by pressing on secondary contaminated surfaces (SCS) with or without potential antibacterial activity and the relative reduction rate was determined after 24 h. A stable transmission rate between PCS and SCS was observed using moistened sterile gloves. A copper containing alloy displayed at least a tenfold reduction of the bacterial load consistently reaching less than 2.5 cfu/cm2. In contrast, no significant reduction of bacterial contamination by silver containing surfaces and matured pure silver was observed in the touch transfer assay. With the touch transfer assay we successfully established a new reproducible method modeling cross contamination. Using the new method we were able to demonstrate that several surfaces with confirmed antimicrobial activity in a modified ISO 22196 (JIS Z 2801) assay lacked effectiveness under defined ambient conditions. This data indicate that liquid based assays like the ISO 22196 should be critically reviewed before claiming antibacterial activity for surfaces in the setting of contamination of dry surfaces by contact to the human skin. We suggest the newly developed touch transfer assay as a new additional tool for the assessment of potential antimicrobial surfaces prior utilization in hospital environments.
Expression and Localization of SWAP-70 in Human Fetomaternal Interface and Placenta During Tubal Pregnancy and Normal Placentation

SWAP-70 has been demonstrated as a multiple functional signaling protein involved in formation of membrane ruffling induced by signal cascade of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors. In the present study, the spatial and temporal expression pattern of SWAP-70 on human fetomaternal interface was investigated using specimens collected from tubal and normal pregnancies by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Data showed an intense expression of SWAP-70 in trophoblasts at weeks 3–6 of fallopian implantation and at weeks 6–7 of normal pregnancy. The most intense expression was exhibited by those highly motile and invasive extravillous trophoblasts. From gestational week 8 on, the level of SWAP-70 in trophoblasts decreased significantly, and the signal was restricted in villous cytotrophoblast cells. In the in vitro cultured human trophoblast cell line, B6Tert-1, colocalization of SWAP-70 with F-actin was verified. Data in human placenta were similar to what we recently reported on rhesus monkey fetomaternal interface. Our results suggest that SWAP-70 may be involved in regulating migration and invasion of trophoblast cells during the processes of embryonic implantation and placentation in primates.
Predicting Home Wi-Fi QoE from Passive Measurements on Commodity Access Points. (Prédiction de la QoE de la Wi-Fi domestique avec mesures passives sur les points d'accès de base)

Poor Wi-Fi quality can disrupt home users' internet experience, or the Quality of Experience (QoE). Detecting when Wi-Fi degrades QoE is valuable for residential Internet Service Providers (ISPs) as home users often hold the ISP responsible whenever QoE degrades. Yet, ISPs have little visibility within the home to assist users. This thesis designs and evaluates techniques to passively monitor Wi-Fi quality on commodity access points (APs) and predict when Wi-Fi quality degrades internet application QoE. Our first contribution is the design and evaluation of a method that estimates Wi-Fi link capacity. We extend previous models, suited for 802.11a/b/g networks, to work on 802.11n networks using passive measurements. Our second contribution is the design and evaluation of predictors of the effect of Wi-Fi quality on QoE of four popular applications: web browsing, YouTube, audio and video real time communication. Our third contribution is the design of a method to identify poor QoE events. We use K-means clustering to identify instances where the QoE predictors estimate that all studied applications perform poorly. Then, we classify poor QoE events as short, intermittent, and consistent poor QoE events. Finally, our fourth contribution is to apply our predictors to Wi-Fi metrics collected over one week from 832 APs of customers of a large residential ISP. Our results show that QoE is good on the vast majority of samples of the deployment, still we find 9% of poor QoE samples. Worse, approximately 10% of stations have more than 25% poor QoE samples. In some cases, we estimate that Wi-Fi quality causes poor QoE for many hours, though in most cases poor QoE events are short.
Natural variation in drug susceptibility to HCV polymerase inhibitors in treatment‐naïve HCV patient isolates

Summary. To assess the natural variation in drug susceptibility among treatment‐naïve hepatitis C virus (HCV) patient isolates, the susceptibilities of chimeric replicons carrying the HCV NS5B polymerase from up to 51 patient isolates against a panel of diverse HCV nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitors were evaluated using a replicon‐based transient replication assay. Some patient to patient variation in susceptibility to the panel of three HCV nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitors was observed. Linear regression and correlation analyses revealed no correlations among the susceptibilities to the polymerase inhibitors tested. Our results suggest that variable antiviral responses to HCV nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitors may be observed because of the natural variation in baseline susceptibility. In addition, the lack of correlation among the susceptibilities to three classes of HCV polymerase inhibitors evaluated here supports their possible combined use in a combination therapy strategy.
Chlorzoxazone metabolism is increased in fasted Sprague‐Dawley rats

Earlier data showed that men fasted for 38 h had a reduced rate of chlorzoxazone metabolism, suggesting a decreased level of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). In contrast, the level of CYP2E1 in fasted rats had been shown to be elevated. In this study, we have investigated whether chlorzoxazone metabolism in fasted rats was changed by determining the pharmacokinetics of chlorzoxazone and its metabolite, 6‐hydroxychlorzoxazone (6‐OHCZ), as a CYP2E1 probe, and by measuring liver CYP2E1 using immunoblot techniques. Chlorzoxazone was administered by gavage (50 mg kg−1) or intravenously (25 mg kg−1) to control (nine for oral and three for intravenous) and 24 h‐fasted (nine for oral and four for intravenous) male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Following sampling of blood through a jugular vein cannula, chlorzoxazone and 6‐OHCZ plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC with UV detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters for chlorzoxazone and 6‐OHCZ in each treatment group were determined by model fitting and non‐compartmental analysis. In parallel with the increased liver CYP2E1 level, the elimination of chlorzoxazone and 6‐OHCZ was significantly increased in fasted rats in the oral and the intravenous study. A multiple analysis of variance covariance analysis and a multiple regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between 1/t½ and CYP2E1 level and aniline hydroxylase activity. However, the correlation between 1/t½ and pentoxyresorufin O‐dealkylase, ethoxyresorufin O‐dealkylase and erythromycin N‐demethylase was not significant. Therefore the contribution of other P450s to chlorzoxazone metabolism seemed to be minor in the concentration range that we tested. In conclusion, fasting rats for 24 h caused a measurable induction of CYP2E1, which produced a significant increase in the rate of chlorzoxazone metabolism and elimination.
Phosphor materials under high-density XUV FEL excitation: mechanisms of luminescence quenching

Photoluminescence of scintillator materials based on intrinsic excitonic luminescence (PbWO4), and on extrinsic luminescence from doped trivalent rare earth ions (RE3+), such as Y3Al5O12:Ce 3+ and Lu3Al5O12:Pr3+ was studied under excitation with free electron laser (FEL) light in the 50-100 eV energy range. In case of PbWO4, non-exponential behavior in the initial part of decay curves was observed depending on the FEL pulse energy, and modeled in terms of the bimolecular self-quenching process. For the RE3+ doped samples, a reduction in light yield with increasing pulse energy is observed, which can be traced to saturation of the available RE3+ sites in the crystal due to the initial high concentration of electron-hole pairs after FEL excitation.
Polyadenylate sequences of human rhinovirus and poliovirus RNA and cordycepin sensitivity of virus replication

The polyadenylate [poly(A)] content of the genome RNA of human rhinovirus type 14 (HRV-14) is nearly twice as large as that of the genome RNA of poliovirus type 2. The poly(A) content of viral RNA was determined to be the RNase-resistant fraction of 32P-labeled viral RNA extracted from purified virions. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the poly(A) sequences of HRV-14 are more heterogenous and on an average larger than those of poliovirus RNA. On the basis of susceptibility to micrococcal polynucleotide phosphorylase the rhinovirus genome terminates in poly(A). Replication of both viruses is almost totally inhibited by cordycepin at 50 mug/ml. At lower concentrations, rhinovirus replication is more sensitive to cordycepin than poliovirus replication. Addition of cordycepin (75 mug/ml) to infected culture prior to or during viral RNA replication results in more or less complete inhibition of virus-specific RNA synthesis. The results do not indicate that cordycepin sensitivity of either virus is due to preferential inhibition of viral poly(A) synthesis by this antibiotic.
A Survey of Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Bangladesh

Diabetic foot ulcer is a preventable complication of diabetes. Nurses must have knowledge related to this condition so that education can be given to patients. This study aims to examine the level of nurses’ knowledge regarding prevention and management of diabetic foot ulcer in Bangladesh. A survey involved 218 nurses working at a national, specialized, and well-established institute of diabetic care of Bangladesh. The Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Questionnaire (NKPMDFUQ) comprising of 40 questions with 20 true/false questions and 20 multiple choice questions was used. It was content validated and tested for internal consistency and stability yielding acceptable levels of reliability. The findings revealed that nurses had very low level of knowledge (M=52.60%, SD=7.86%). The content areas most nurses did not have knowledge were detecting loss of protective sensation of the feet, caring of callus formation, encouraging patients to have activity of daily living in order to self-manage, setting a goal for prevention of amputation, and giving advice to patients that causes of diabetes is the least important element in diabetic foot care program. The findings are beneficial for establishing training courses. Consequently, quality of care for patients with diabetes will be improved. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/birdem.v4i1. 18549 Birdem Med J 2014; 4(1): 22-26
Soil Carbon Sequestration in Degraded Semiarid Agro-ecosystems—Perils and Potentials

Abstract The Kyoto Protocol opens new possibilities for using the biosphere as a carbon sink. Using agro-ecosystems as carbon sinks may be the most appropriate practice from both environmental and socioeconomic points of view. Degraded agro-ecosystems in Africa might benefit significantly from the improved land management that would be part of a carbon sequestration program. There are vast areas of these agro-ecosystems in Africa and their rehabilitation is an urgent matter. We agree with UNEP that there are potentially important synergies to be made between the Convention on Climate Change, the UN Convention to Combat Desertification and the UN Convention on Biodiversity. In this paper, we have investigated the potential for increasing soil carbon content in semiarid agro-ecosystems in the Sudan and found that increasing fallow periods will result in increased soil carbon content and converting marginal agricultural areas to rangeland will restore the carbon levels to 80% of the natural savannah carbon levels in 100 years. The economic gain from a future carbon sequestration program has the potential of a significant contribution to the household economy in these agro-ecosystems.
Considerations for the Strategic Recruitment of Special Educators.

■■■■■■■■■■ According to the U.S. Department of Education, Victoria Zascavage Office of Special Education Programs (2004), the and Kathy Winterman United States is lacking 41,141 certified special edu are professors in cators. Texas is no exception to the national trend; in the Department of Texas alone, there is a shortage of5,024 certified special Secondary and Special educators(U.S.DepartmentofSpecialEducation). Any Education at Xavier successful remediation of this shortage starts with the University, Cincinnati, recruitment and education of special education college Ohio; Jennifer majors or other undergraduate majors that lead into Schroeder-Steward, teaching. Therefore, this study sought to analyze the Philip Armstrong, and effectiveness of recruitment methods implemented by Kelly Marrs-Butler are eight Texas universities in order to focus a statewide professors in Psychology recruitment agenda. and Special Education at A review of the literature confirmed that recruit Texas AM and M. L. strategies concentrated upon grants and scholarships, Zascavage is with the community outreach, media advertisement, and tech School of Bright Promise, nology (Jenson, Churchill, & Davis, 2000; Marso & Steubenville, Ohio. Pigge, 1994; Tyler, Cantou-Clarke, Easterling, & Klep