Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Valid post-selection inference in model-free linear regression

S.1. Simulations Continued. The simulation setting in this section is the same as in Section 9. We first describe the reason for using the null situation β0 0p in the model. If β0 is an arbitrary non-zero vector, then, for fixed covariates, XiYi cannot be identically distributed and hence only (asymptotically) conservative inference is possible. In simulations this conservativeness confounds with the simultaneity so that the coverage becomes close to 1 (if not 1). In the main manuscript, we have shown plots comparing our method with Berk et al. (2013) and selective inference. We label our confidence region R̂:n,M (12) as “UPoSI,” the projected confidence region B̂ n,M (28) as “UPoSIBox”, and Berk et al. (2013) as “PoSI. ” Tables 1, 2, and 3 show exact numbers for the comparison of our method with Berk et al. (2013). Note that size of each dot in the row plot of Figure 9 indicates the proportion of confidence regions of that volume among same-sized models. In Setting A and B, the confidence region volumes of same-sized models are the same. In Setting C, volumes of confidence regions of Berk and PoSI Box enlarge (hence smaller logpVolq{|M |q if the last covariate is included. Tables 4 and 5 show the numbers for the comparison of our method with selective inference when the selection procedure is forward stepwise and LARS, respectively. Sample splitting is a simple procedure that provides valid inference after selection as discussed in Section 1.3. We stress here that this is valid only for independent observations and that the model selected in the first split half could be different from the one selected in the full data. The comparison results with n 1000, p 500 and selection methods forward stepwise, LARS and BIC are summarized in Figure S.1. For sample splitting we have used the Bonferroni correction to obtain simultaneous inference for all coefficients in a model. Table 6 shows the comparison of our method with sample splitting.
BRANDING STRATEGY ON CONSUMER CHOICE : EMPIRICAL REVIEW OF BOTTLED WATER .

Branding is one of the most intriguing marketing strategies used for the purpose of winning or over the coming competition; its efficacy is not in doubt. When the companies focus on their brands and develop them according to consumer wants and needs, it creates a competitive position. Companies must then try to build a positive image of their brands in the consumer’s imagination, so as to a positive value of the brands assisting consumers making choices. The manufacturers, on their part, have to be innovative and creative to ensure that customers get to pick their products and consider their services for the firms to remain competitive in the market. Branding of the company’s products and services is one of the strategies that companies such as supermarkets may adopt to attract consumers and ensure the goods get picked and re-picked. The study investigated the effect of branding on consumer choice of bottled water. The empirical review indicates that branding as a strategy is crucial in creating a competitive advantage of the product. The research concluded that branding strategies play a major role in the quality of communication quality, creating differences, and image improvement of the product hence assisting bottle water customers in making a choice. It recommends that organization should apply branding strategies like brand positioning, brand personality, brand equity, brand experience, brand differentiation, and brand communication in not only assisting the customer to make choices but also for a competitive edge.
First photographic record of endemic brown eared-pheasant Crossoptilon mantchuricum by camera-trapping at Jinhuashan-Henglingzi Hemaji Nature Reserve , China

We deployed passive camera-traps at Hebei Jinhuashan-Henglingzi Hemaji Nature Reserve (JHNR), Hebei Province, China for 18 months during 2013-2014 to survey cryptic wildlife species. Over the 18-month period from March 2013 through December 2014, 799 camera-trap-days were recorded, yielding a total of 198 photographs of wild fauna (25 wildlife photographs per 100 trap-days). In total, 15 wildlife species were photographed, five mammals and ten birds. The most frequently photographed mammal species were wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus pygargus), and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis, China Red List Vulnerable, CITES App. I). Most frequently photographed birds were large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchus) and blue whistling thrush (Myophonus caeruleus). Leopard cat was the only recorded representative of the Felidae. Domestic goat was photographed once. Infrequent injuries to goats were attributed by villagers to attacks by Leopard (Panthera pardus), a species not recorded by camera-traps. A notable record was the first photograph at JHNR of the endemic brown eared-pheasant Crossoptilon mantchuricum. Brown earedpheasant is classified by IUCN Red List as globally Vulnerable, is listed in Appendix I of CITES, is classified as Vulnerable by China’s Red List, is protected in China at National Level I, and is one of four species of eared-pheasant in China, three of which, including brown eared-pheasant, are endemic to China.
DEGRADATION OF DDT , ENDRIN , AND ENDOSULFAN IN POLLUTED-SOILS BY ZERO-VALENT IRON ( Fe 0 ) AND ZERO-VALENT IRON-COPPER ( Fe 0-Cu 0 )

The remediation of polluted soils containing DDX (DDT, DDE, and DDD), endrin, and endosulfan was assessed using zero-valent iron (Fe0) and iron-copper Fe0/Cu0 at microcosms and bench-scale batch experiments. The treatments allowed for the reduction of the initial concentrations of DDX (30 mg/kg), endrin (150 mg/kg), and endosulfan (40 mg/kg) at both scales, indicating their suitability. However, in the case of DDX-polluted soil, the accumulation of the intermediate compound DDNS was registered. In microcosms experiments, th highest deg adation percentage for DDX w s obtained using a Fe0/Cu0 ratio of 10/3 (w/w). The degradation observed in the bench-scale reactor was improved for endrin and endosulfan-polluted soils, while degradation of DDX was similar to that found in microcosms experiments. The Fe0/Cu0 system mainly improves the degradation rates of DDD, DDE, and endrin, reducing the time of treatment from 8 o 4 days. The selection of the remediati n st ategies using Fe0/Cu0 or Fe0 should weigh the cost of copper versus the time of treatment since the extent of remediation was similar for most experiments, except for DDD and DDE. Since the degradation of pesticides was not fully completed and the accumulation of intermediates compounds was observed, further investigation is required.
Disentangling the roles of dimensionality and cell classes in neural computations

The description of neural computations in the field of neuroscience relies on two competing views: (i) a classical single-cell view that relates the activity of individual neurons to sensory or behavioural variables, and focuses on how different cell classes map onto computations; (ii) a more recent population view that instead characterises computations in terms of collective neural trajectories, and focuses on the dimensionality of these trajectories as animals perform tasks. How the two key concepts of cell classes and low-dimensional trajectories interact to shape neural computations is however currently not understood. Here we address this question by combining machine-learning tools for training RNNs with reverse-engineering and theoretical analyses of network dynamics. We introduce a novel class of theoretically tractable recurrent networks: low-rank, mixture of Gaussian RNNs. In these networks, the rank of the connectivity controls the dimensionality of the dynamics, while the number of components in the Gaussian mixture corresponds to the number of cell classes. Using back-propagation, we determine the minimum rank and number of cell classes needed to implement neuroscience tasks of increasing complexity. We then exploit mean-field theory to reverse-engineer the obtained solutions and identify the respective roles of dimensionality and cell classes. We show that the rank determines the phase-space available for dynamics that implement input-output mappings, while having multiple cell classes allows networks to flexibly switch between different types of dynamics in the available phase-space. Our results have implications for the analysis of neuroscience experiments and the development of explainable AI.
On Desert Sand Seas 饰Nicholas Lancaster

Desert sand seas constitute an important part of the modern and ancient global environment. Their rock equivalents contain important oil and gas deposits and are unrivaled aquifers. The fluctuation of deserts has caused the decline and fall of ancient civilizations and in modern times tragedy in the Sahel. Yet little has been done to study deserts in a systematic way, and their Miocene to Recent history remains to be determined. This article reviews current research on hot, lowland deserts, especially in southern Africa, with an emphasis on palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstructions.
Monographic versus Multiple Essay Dissertations : A Comparison of Journal Publications in the Marketing Discipline

Purpose of the Study: Multiple essay dissertations have become increasingly common in marketing Ph.D. programs, but the research outcomes of those who employ this comparatively new format have not been investigated. In this study, we compare the total number of journal publications and the number of top-tier marketing journal publications across marketing Ph.D. graduates who used traditional, monographic dissertations and those who used multiple essay dissertations. We also investigate the impact of the marketing Ph.D. program ranking on the effectiveness of these two formats.
University of Groningen The Association Between Familial Risk and Brain Abnormalities Is Disease Specific

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic liability, and some structural brain abnormalities are common to both conditions. First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (FDRs-SZ) show similar brain abnormalities to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Imaging findings in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (FDRs-BD) have been inconsistent in the past, but recent studies report regionally greater volumes compared with control subjects. METHODS:Weperformedameta-analysis of global andsubcortical brainmeasuresof 6008 individuals (1228FDRs-SZ, 852 FDRs-BD, 2246 control subjects, 1016 patients with schizophrenia, 666 patients with bipolar disorder) from 34 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts with standardized methods. Analyses were repeated with a correction for intracranial volume (ICV) and for thepresenceof anypsychopathology in the relatives andcontrol subjects. RESULTS: FDRs-BD had significantly larger ICV (d = 10.16, q , .05 corrected), whereas FDRs-SZ showed smaller thalamic volumes than control subjects (d = 20.12, q , .05 corrected). ICV explained the enlargements in the brain measures in FDRs-BD. In FDRs-SZ, after correction for ICV, total brain, cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, cerebellar gray and white matter, and thalamus volumes were significantly smaller; the cortex was thinner (d , 20.09, q , .05 corrected); and third ventricle was larger (d = 10.15, q , .05 corrected). The findings were not explained by psychopathology in the relatives or control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Despite shared genetic liability, FDRs-SZ and FDRs-BD show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities, specifically a divergent effect in ICV. This may imply that the neurodevelopmental trajectories leading to brain anomalies in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are distinct.
Documentos de Trabajo Determinants of urban mobility with a focus on gender : a multilevel analysis in the Metropolitan Area of Montevideo , Uruguay

This study analyzes the determinants of urban mobility in the Metropolitan Area of Montevideo. By applying multilevel regression models, it provides estimates of the impact of individual and contextual factors on travel behavior. The paper’s findings lend support to the household responsibility hypothesis, which claims that women’s travel patterns are affected by the type of household in which they live and the consequent responsibilities or roles they assume. Furthermore, gender differences in travel patterns are reinforced across census tracts. The results indicate that policy makers need to consider gender differences when seeking to enhance urban planning decisions.
Determinants of Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in Afghanistan : The Case of Wheat Farmers in Paktia Province

There is a large variation in wheat production due to the variation of technical efficiency among the Afghan rural wheat farmers. These variations can be attributed to some exogenous and endogenous explanatory variables. This empirical study measures and analyzes technical efficiency in the theoretical framework of stochastic production frontier approach. The parameters of the stochastic frontier production function and the determinants of the technical inefficiency model were estimated simultaneously, through the single stage maximum likelihood estimation procedure, by using the computer program FRONTIER version 4.1. The estimated value of Gamma (γ) ,0.913, significant at 1% level, implies that on average 91.3% of total variation in wheat output is due to technical inefficiency. The mean technical efficiency is about 64% with a range between 6% and 93%, which indicates that on average the wheat farmers obtain 64% of their potential output, and the average loss in wheat production due to the technical inefficiency is 36%, which varies between 7% and 94%. This wide variation in technical efficiency can be interpreted that there still exist opportunities to increase 36% of wheat production at the existing level of inputs and current technology by operating at technically fully efficient level.
Applying Category Utility and Partition Utility Functions to Semantic-Based Conceptual Clustering Approach

The paper presents an instance of our general semantic-based approach to creating concept hierarchies [7] particularly tuned for better performance on data represented with attribute-value and atomic formulae languages. We achieve this goal by incorporation of category utility and partition utility functions in its distance measure. Finally, we compare the performance of augmented algorithm to that of the COBWEB implementation given in the WEKA 3 ML system.
Potential impacts of certain remediative amendments in enhancing phytoremediation in various contaminated soil ecosystems

After building of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), significant drastic shortage in Nile water resources in Egypt is expected. This water shortage forced Egyptian farmers to use low quality water in irrigation resources impregnated with a variety of contaminants such as potential toxic elements PTEs transferred into the food chain. In a complete randomized plot design greenhouse experiment, three terrestrial soil ecosystems, collected from Abou-Rawash (Konbera), Sinai and Kafr El-Sheikh Governorates irrigated with varied types of low-quality waters for extended periods were trailed for the sake of valuation of new innovative phytoremediation practices using kinetic approach. Calculated Zinc equivalent ZE parameter, indices for soil safety for cultivation, the numerical values ranged between 340 and 630, while the critical level should not exceed 200. Integrated management practices were applied represented in using canola hyper accumulator plant, in association with Thiobacillus thioxidane, Thiobacillus ferroxidanse and Glomus sp. [Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM)] after furnishing the soil ecosystem with the chemical stabilizer probentonite. Results indicated that canola was efficient especially in nickel (Ni) uptake compared to copper (Cu) or Zinc (Zn) pollutants. In addition, the application of Thiobacillus bacteria and AM significantly enhanced the uptake of PTE's. The kinetic parameter of modified Freundlich equation (MFE) empirical model confirmed that a mixture of all remediation amendments was the best in minimizing Zn equivalent value to a safe level. The different mechanisms that might take place between the applied remediation amendments and PTE’s in the three contaminated soil ecosystems were discussed.
Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of the dichloromethane extract of Goniothalamus umbrosus.

ISSN: 1816-3319 © Medwell Journals, 2009 Corresponding Author: Dr. Siddig Ibrahim Abdel Wahab, UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia 32 Antimicrobial and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of the Dichloromethane Extract of Goniothalamus umbrosus 1Siddig Ibrahim Abdel-Wahab, 1Ahmad Bustamam Abdul, 2Hew Kim Fong, 1Syam Mohan, 1Manal Mohamed Elhassan, 1,3Adel Sharaf Al-Zubairi and 4Abdelbasit Adam Mariod 1UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia 1,2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, University of Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sana’a, Sana’a, Yemen 4Department of Food Technology and Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sudan for Sciences and Technology, Sudan Abstract: The aim of the present study, is to evaluate the antimicrobial, phenolic content and free radical scavenging properties of the dichloromethane extract of Goniothalamus umbrosus leaves. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated using 2 Gram-positive bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Bacillus subtilis B 29 and 2 Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 60690 and Salmonella choleraesuis using disc diffusion method and compared alongside to streptomycin. Antioxidant effect and total phenolic content of the extract were also measured by DPPH assay and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, respectively. The results have concluded that the extract explicit a broad spectrum antimicrobial activities against all tested bacteria. However, antioxidant activity is significantly different from the activity of the positive control, BHT. Accordingly, the total phenolic compounds were also, observed to be correlated positively with the low antioxidant activity revealed by the extract. As a conclusion, the promising broad spectrum antimicrobial activities of the dichloromethane extract of the leaves of G. umbrosus might be due a different chemical constituent (s) since, the phenolic compounds were not found richly in the extract. Further, phytochemical investigations are currently conducted to explore the active ingredients as new substance (s) in the pharmaceutical industry.
Effect of scaling and root planing based on MMP-8 mRNA expression and clinical parameters in periodontitis patients

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) is an important host factor involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, which is the main collagenase detected in gingival tissues. Collagenases destruct periodontal tissue and result in pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding papilla for slight provocation. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between MMP-8 mRNA expression and clinical parameters in periodontitis patient after scaling and root planning (SRP). GCF from periodontitis patients and healthy subject were sampled and assessed for the MMP-8 mRNA expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). The clinical parameters which were PD, papillary bleeding index (PBI), and CAL were assessed 1 month before and after SRP and they were further analyzed for their correlation to MMP-8 mRNA expression. Wilcoxon test and paired t-test were used to compare the mRNA transcription level, PD, CAL and PBI before and after SRP. Furthermore, the relationship between the clinical parameters and the MMP-8 mRNA expression was also evaluated by Spearman test. A significant reduction in the clinical parameters was noted after SRP than before it, although the difference of MMP-8 mRNA expression was not significant. This result indicated a weak positive correlation between the reduction in MMP-8 expression and altered clinical parameters. SRP resulted in the improvement of clinical conditions of periodontal tissues, but not MMP-8 mRNA expression. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(3): 1068-1073)
The Surprisingly Dire Situation of Children's Education in Rural West Africa: Results from the CREO Study in Guinea-Bissau. CEP Discussion Paper No. 1201.

We conducted a survey covering 20% of villages with 200-1000 population in rural Guinea-Bissau. We interviewed household heads, care-givers of children, and their teachers and schools. We analysed results from 9,947 children, aged 7-17, tested for literacy and numeracy competency. Only 27% of children were able to add two single digits, and just 19% were able to read and comprehend a simple word. Our unannounced school checks found 72% of enrolled children in grades 1-4 attending their schools, but the schools were poorly equipped. Teachers were present at 86% of schools visited. Despite surveying 351 schools, we found no examples of successful schools where children reached reasonable levels of literacy and numeracy for age. Our evidence suggests that interventions that raise school quality in these villages, rather than those which target enrolment, may be most important to generate very sharp improvements in children’s educational outcomes.
Recurrent Token in Interaction: Grammar Emerges from Dialogic Resonance

Recurrent token in interaction : grammar emerges from dialogic resonance Sub Title 対話におけるトークンと文法の創発 Author 伊澤, 宜仁(Izawa, Yoshihito) Publisher 慶應義塾大学藝文学会 Publication year 2013 Jtitle 藝文研究 (The geibun-kenkyu : journal of arts and letters). Vol.104, (2013. 6) ,p.326(19)344(1) Abstract Notes Genre Journal Article URL https://koara.lib. keio.ac. jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php? koara_id=AN00072643-0104000 1-0344
REGULATION, COMPETITION AND PRODUCTIVITY CONVERGENCE1

This paper investigates the effect of product market regulations on the international diffusion of productivity shocks. The empirical results indicate that restrictive product market regulation slows the process of adjustment through which best practice production techniques diffuse across borders and new technologies are incorporated into the production process. Given differences in the stance of product market regulation across countries, the cross-country dispersion of productivity levels is found to increase in the wake of positive shocks to the world productivity frontier. These results suggest that the emergence of new general-purpose technologies over the 1990s could partially explain the observed divergence in productivity trends in OECD countries, despite a degree of recent cross-country convergence in product market regulation. The paper also investigates different channels through which anticompetitive regulations might affect a country’s overall productivity performance. These include the influence of anti-competitive regulation on the adoption of information and communications technology, the entry rates of new firms, and the location decisions of multi-national enterprises. 1 We would like to thank Jorgen Elmeskov, Mike Feiner, and OECD country representatives at the Spring 2006 meeting of the Working Party 1 of the OECD Economic Policy Committee for useful comments on an earlier version of this paper. The views expressed in the paper are the authors’ own and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or its Member countries.