Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motivations for image publishing and tagging on flickr

Changes in photographic and internet technology have revolutionised the way people create, process and share digital images. This paper investigates people’s motivations for image publishing and tagging on the web 2.0 site Flickr. Using an online pilot survey, 33 participants answered questions about their uploading and tagging practices, and whether or not they hope to make a commercial gain from their images. The results show that most people have two main motivational reasons both for using Flickr, and for the tagging of their images. However, whilst a person may be motivated to use Flickr for both personal and social reasons, tagging motivation tends to focus more exclusively on either one or the other of these two factors. Overall it was found that social organisation and social communication are the most popular motivational factors for both using Flickr and for tagging images, suggesting that Flickr is enjoyed for the community environment it provides rather than as a place to store images. However despite people’s desire to share their images, most users are not hoping to make a commercial gain from the items they upload.
Selective Homo- and Heteromer Interactions between the Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factor (MORF) Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana*

Background: RNA editing in plant organelles requires at least one of nine MORF proteins. Results: MORF proteins connect in specific homo- and heteromeric protein-protein interactions. Conclusion: The observed homo- and heteromeric combinations of MORF proteins explain why full editing can require two MORFs but one MORF can sustain basal editing levels. Significance: These findings will help to better understand RNA editing in plant organelles. RNA editing in plastids and mitochondria of flowering plants requires pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPR proteins) for site recognition and proteins of the multiple organellar RNA editing factor (MORF) family as cofactors. Two MORF proteins, MORF5 and MORF8, are dual-targeted to plastids and mitochondria; two are targeted to plastids, and five are targeted to mitochondria. Pulldown assays from Arabidopsis thaliana tissue culture extracts with the mitochondrial MORF1 and the plastid MORF2 proteins, respectively, both identify the dual-targeted MORF8 protein, showing that these complexes can assemble in the organelles. We have now determined the scope of potential interactions between the various MORF proteins by yeast two-hybrid, in vitro pulldown, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. The resulting MORF-MORF interactome identifies specific heteromeric MORF protein interactions in plastids and in mitochondria. Heteromers are observed for MORF protein combinations affecting a common site, suggesting their functional relevance. Most MORF proteins also undergo homomeric interactions. Submolecular analysis of the MORF1 protein reveals that the MORF-MORF protein connections require the C-terminal region of the central conserved MORF box. This domain has no similarity to known protein modules and may form a novel surface for protein-protein interactions.
The three great essentials to achieve anything worth while are : Hard work , Stick-to-itiveness , and Common sense . ”

To achieve high thermal efficiency in modern gas turbines, the turbine-inlet temperature has to be increased. In response to such requisites and to prevent thermal failure of the components exposed to hot gas streams, the use of different cooling techniques, including film cooling, is essential. Finding an optimum film cooling design has become a challenge as it is influenced by a large number of flow and geometrical parameters. This study is dedicated to some important aspects of film cooling of a turbine guide vane and consists of three parts. The first part is associated with an experimental investigation of the suction and pressure side cooling by means of a transient IR-Thermography technique under engine representative conditions. It is shown that the overall film cooling performance of the suction side can be improved by adding showerhead cooling if fan-shaped holes are used, while cylindrical holes may not necessarily benefit from a showerhead. According to the findings, investigation of an optimum cooling design for the suction side is not only a function of hole shape, blowing ratio, state of approaching flow, etc., but is also highly dependent on the presence/absence of showerhead cooling as well as the number of cooling rows. In this regard, it is also discussed that the combined effect of the adiabatic film effectiveness (AFE) and the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) should be considered in such study. As for the pressure side cooling, it is found that either the showerhead or a single row of cylindrical cooling holes can enhance the HTC substantially, whereas a combination of the two or using fan-shaped holes indicates considerably lower HTC. An important conclusion is that adding more than one cooling row will not augment the HTC and will even decrease it under certain circumstances. In the second part, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigations have shown that film cooling holes subjected to higher flow acceleration will maintain a higher level of AFE. Although this was found to be valid for both suction and pressure side, due to an overall lower acceleration for the pressure side, a lower AFE was achieved. Moreover, the CFD results indicate that fan-shaped holes with low area ratio (dictated by design constraints for medium-size gas turbines), suffer from cooling jet separation and hence reduction in AFE for blowing ratios above
Sequence-Form and Evolutionary Dynamics: Realization Equivalence to Agent Form and Logit Dynamics

Evolutionary game theory provides the principal tools to model the dynamics of multi-agent learning algorithms. While there is a long-standing literature on evolutionary game theory in strategic-form games, in the case of extensive-form games few results are known and the exponential size of the representations currently adopted makes the evolutionary analysis of such games unaffordable. In this paper, we focus on dynamics for the sequence form of extensive-form games, providing three dynamics: one realization equivalent to the normal-form logit dynamic, one realization equivalent to the agent-form replicator dynamic, and one realization equivalent to the agent-form logit dynamic. All the considered dynamics require polynomial time and space, providing an exponential compression w.r. t. the dynamics currently known and providing thus tools that can be effectively employed in practice. Moreover, we use our tools to compare the agent-form and normal-form dynamics and to provide new "hybrid" dynamics.
Phosphorylation of STEF/Tiam2 by protein kinase A is critical for Rac1 activation and neurite outgrowth in dibutyryl cAMP–treated PC12D cells

Although cAMP-induced neuritogenesis was described in 1975, the signaling pathways from cAMP to cytoskeletal regulation remain elusive. Here we report that the protein kinase A (PKA)-Sif-and Tiam1-like exchange factor (STEF)-Rac1 pathway plays a central role in cytoskeletal regulation during neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells. This result could be extrapolated to axon guidance depending on cAMP signals.
Risk Factors for Development of Intestinal Colonization with Imipenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Intensive Care Unit Setting

Risk factors for development of intestinal colonization by imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRPA) may differ between those who acquire the organism via patient-to-patient transmission versus by antibiotic selective pressure. The aim of this study was to quantify potential risk factors for the development of IRPA not due to patient-to-patient transmission.
Nightmares, Demons, and Slaves

Although considerable research has linked workplace bullying with psychosocial and physical costs, the stories and conceptualizations of mistreatment by those targeted are largely untold. This study uses metaphor analysis to articulate and explore the emotional pain of workplace bullying and, in doing so, helps to translate its devastation and encourage change. Based on qualitative data gathered from focus groups, narrative interviews, and target drawings, the analysis describes how bullying can feel like a battle, water torture, nightmare, or noxious substance. Abused workers frame bullies as narcissistic dictators, two-faced actors, and devil figures. Employees targeted with workplace bullying liken themselves to vulnerable children, slaves, prisoners, animals, and heartbroken lovers. These metaphors highlight and delimit possibilities for agency and action. Furthermore, they may serve as diagnostic cues, providing shorthand necessary for early intervention.
Number of Embryos Transferred After In Vitro Fertilization and Good Perinatal Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between number of embryos transferred and a measure of assisted reproductive technology success that emphasizes good perinatal outcome. METHODS: We analyzed assisted reproductive technology cycles initiated in 2011 that progressed to fresh embryo transfer among women using autologous oocytes and reported to the U.S. National Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance System (n=82,508). Percentages of good perinatal outcome (live birth of a term [at or after 37 weeks of gestation], normal birth weight [2,500 g or greater] singleton) were stratified by prognosis (favorable, average, less favorable), age, embryo stage (day 3, day 5), and number of embryos transferred. Differences in the percentages by number of embryos transferred were evaluated using Fisher’s exact test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Among patients younger than 35 years with a favorable prognosis, chances of a good perinatal outcome were higher with transferring a single (compared with double) day 5 (43% compared with 27%) or day 3 embryo (36% compared with 30%). Likewise, a higher chance of a good perinatal outcome was observed with transferring a single day 5 embryo in patients 35–37 years old with a favorable prognosis (39% compared with 28%) or patients younger than 35 years old with an average prognosis (35% compared with 26%). A higher chance of good perinatal outcome was associated with transferring two (compared with one) day 3 embryos among patients aged 40 years or younger with an average prognosis or patients younger than 35 years old with a less favorable prognosis. CONCLUSION: The association between number of embryos transferred and the birth of a term, normal birth weight singleton is described. Among patients younger than 35 years of age undergoing in vitro fertilization with a favorable prognosis, the highest chance of good perinatal outcome is associated with a single embryo transfer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Plasma Aminopeptidase Activities in Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive motor disorder, but frequently is accompanied by autonomic symptoms such as hypotension. Together with the decrease of dopamine, significant decreases in aminopeptidase activities have been reported in PD brains. However, up to date there are no studies about changes of aminopeptidase activities in plasma of PD patients. We studied plasma activities of alanyl-, aspartyl-(AspAP), cystinyl-(CysAP) and glutamyl-aminopeptidase (GluAP) in two groups of subjects: control (n=41) and PD (n=48). Plasma activities of AspAP, CysAP, and GluAP showed significant decreases of 24.9% (p<0.05), 39.4% (p<0.01) and 33.3% (p<0.01), respectively, in PD group. These aminopeptidases are involved in the metabolism of circulating peptides such as the ones of the renin-angiotensin system. The importance of aminopeptidases in striatal dopamine content and in neuroendocrine system in PD is discussed.
Comparison of the break-up behaviors of newton and shear thinning non-newton fluid in jet dispensing for LED packaging

Dispensing is one of the key technologies in LED packaging, as the dispensed underfill can protect the interconnection from short-circled, release the residual stress and adjust color. However, in order to meet different requirements in packaging, various of underfill are used, typically from newton fluid to shear thinning non-newton fluid. The different fluid properties will greatly affect the break-up behaviors in jet dispensing, furthermore, result in different dispensing volume consistence and dispensing qualities, which strongly affects the LED packaging performance. To reveal the different break-up behaviors of newton fluid and shear thinning non-newton fluid during the jet dispensing process, two mathematical models are developed. The whole break-up process are obtained and compared with the experiments, and the roles of surface tension and viscous fore played in the break-up process are compared and discussed. The effects of relaxation time and shear thinning index on the thread break-up were studied and compared. It is found that the non-newton fluid thread is easier to break-up and dispensed. However, shear thinning is not the main driven factor for thread break-up. Surface tension has larger effects on thread break-up position and time. Specific additive can be added for adjusting surface tension under different dispensing conditions. This study will provide valuable insights for dispenser designs of modern microelectronic packaging.
Functional role of platelets in experimental metastasis studied with cloned murine fibrosarcoma cell variants.

The involvement of platelets in experimental metastasis was studied with cloned cell lines derived from PAK 17, a recently induced methylcholanthrene-induced C57BL/6 mouse fibrosarcoma. Tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation and lung colonization assays were used to distinguish three major stable phenotypes among the clones: a low metastatic-low platelet aggregating type, e.g., clone PAK 17.12; a low metastatic-high platelet aggregating type, e.g., clone PAK 17.14; and a high metastatic-high platelet aggregating phenotype, e.g., clone PAK 17.15. Clones with high metastatic but low platelet aggregating potential were not observed in the study. Intravenously injected PAK 17.14 and PAK 17.15 cells, but not PAK 17.12 cells, induced greater than 50% reductions in circulating platelet levels in C57BL/6 mice. Since highly metastatic clone PAK 17.15 cells consistently induced high levels of tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation regardless of the platelet donor, it was selected to study the relationship between its tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation and lung colonizing abilities. (a) A 93% decrease in lung colony number resulted in mice injected with 100 micrograms of prostacyclin immediately before injection of clone PAK 17.15 cells. Prostacyclin was also able to inhibit, in a dose dependent fashion (0-5 ng), platelet aggregation induced by clone PAK 17.15 cells in vitro. (b) A 92% reduction in lung colony number occurred in mice showing marked thrombocytopenia following injection of 100 micrograms of rabbit anti-mouse platelet antibody 24 h before tumor cell injection. (c) A greater than 80% reduction in clone PAK 17.15 lung colony number was observed in mice rendered thrombocytopenic by i.v. injection of 0.038 units of neuraminidase 24 h before i.v. injection of 10(5) tumor cells. These results suggest that platelets are required for successful lung colonization by clone PAK 17.15 cells. However, the presence in this fibrosarcoma of high platelet aggregating-poorly metastatic cells, such as clone PAK 17.14, demonstrates that while the ability to aggregate platelets is necessary for successful metastasis by some tumor cells, it is insufficient if tumor cells lack other critical properties required for completion of the metastatic cascade.
Cyanide Generation During Preservation of Chlorinated Wastewater Effluent Samples for Total Cyanide Analysis

Dechlorinating agents and pH adjustment are often used to preserve wastewater samples for cyanide analysis. The effects of four approved preservation protocols on the results of the total cyanide analysis of effluents from four water reclamation plants were examined. The results differed widely, and a clear pattern emerged. Immediate analysis without pH adjustment generally gave total cyanide concentrations below the reporting limit of 5 μg/L, irrespective of the dechlorinating agents used. When the pH was adjusted to ≥12, a slight increase in the measured total cyanide concentration was observed when thiosulfate was used to dechlorinate the samples, and a significant increase (>10 μg/L) was observed when arsenite was used as the dechlorinating agent. These results provide evidence that approved preservation protocols may give rise to cyanide formation in chlorinated wastewater effluent matrices.
Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Psychogeriatric Inpatients A Possible Relationship of Hypothyroidism with Neurotic Depression but not with Dementia

Thyroid disorders are known to manifest occasionally as isolated psychiatric disorders. In order to determine whether thyroid dysfunctions could play a significant role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders in the elderly, the prevalence of thyroid disorders was compared in a group of psychogeriatric patients and in a group of nonpsychiatric elderly patients.
Establishing Cooperation between Groups: Ingroup versus Outgroup Punishment

We analyse interethnic cooperation in an infinitely repeated prisoneri? ½s dilemma when members of one group are unable to target punishment towards individual defectors from the other group. We first show that indiscriminate punishment may sustain cooperation in this setting. Our main result, however, is that the introduction of ingroup punishment in addition to outgroup punishment represents a better sanctioning institution in the sense that cooperative outcomes may persist in situations where outgroup punishment alone fails to induce cooperation. Our findings are consistent with historical evidence on the dynamics of interethnic conflicts.
Family, peer and school connectedness in final year secondary school students

Abstract The study aim was to investigate Australian Year 12 students' sense of connectedness to their schools, families, and peers, and examine associations between connectedness and emotional wellbeing. Year 12 students (492 male, 449 female) from 10 secondary schools in Victoria, Australia participated in Phase 1 of the study. Of these, 204 participants (82 male, 122 female) returned surveys 1 year later; 175 of these were attending tertiary education institutions. The study found high levels of depression, anxiety and stress among Year 12 students, with higher negative affect associated with lower levels of family, peer and school connectedness. Negative affect 1 year after leaving school was predicted by negative affect and peer connectedness at Year 12. Results suggest there are significant numbers of at-risk young people in their final year of school, who feel lonely and disconnected from peers, and who maintain concerning levels of depression, anxiety and stress in first year of university.
Modified ultrafiltration in paediatric cardiac surgery

The effect of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) after cardiopulmonary bypass for paediatric cardiac surgery was evaluated in 138 children with moderate to severe congenital heart disease. The median age was 0.4 years (0 days to 6.5 years), and the weight 5.3 kg (2.2-20 kg). The operation was discontinued in six cases, three because of technical problems and three because of unstable circulation. One-hundred-and-thirty-four patients were ultrafiltrated for a median of 12 min (2-27 min) with an ultrafiltrate of median 44 ml/kg (6-118 ml/kg). Haematocrit was significantly increased from 28% (20-39%) to 36% (26-51%) and systolic arterial pressure from 56 mmHg (30-85 mmHg) to 74.0 mmHg (32-118 mmHg). Furthermore arterial oxygenation was significantly increased from 30.8 kPa (4.8-70.4 kPa) to 34.1 kPa (4.9-80.6 kPa), and arterial carbon dioxide tension from 4.8 kPa (3.1-7.3 kPa) to 5.1 kPa (3.1-7.6 kPa). Heart rate was significantly reduced from 145 beats/min (92-201 beats/min) to 136 beats/min (88-200 beats/min). There were no significant differences in central venous pressure, left atrial pressure and base excess before and after MUF. MUF increases systolic blood pressure, haematocrit, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tension coming off bypass in paediatric cardiac surgery and reduces heart rate and postoperative fluid overload.
Aging and the Optimal Viewing Position Effect in Visual Word Recognition: Evidence From English

Words are recognized most efficiently by young adults when fixated at an optimal viewing position (OVP), which for English is between a word’s beginning and middle letters. How this OVP effect changes with age is unknown but may differ for older adults due to visual declines in later life. Accordingly, a lexical decision experiment was conducted in which short (5-letter) and long (9-letter) words were fixated at various letter positions. The older adults produced slower responses. But, crucially, effects of fixation location for each word-length did not differ substantially across age groups, indicating that OVP effects are preserved in older age.
Induction and Accumulation of Heat Shock-Specific Poly(A) RNAs and Proteins in Soybean Seedlings during Arsenite and Cadmium Treatments.

Northern blot hybridization analyzes revealed that poly(A(+)) RNAs homologous to eight heat shock (HS)-specific cDNA clones were induced by arsenite (As) or Cd treatments. The mRNAs accumulated slower, and maximum accumulations were consistently lower than HS-induced levels. Prolonged treatment with low concentrations (50-100 micromolar) of As for 6 hours, or Cd for 12 hours, resulted in decreased accumulations of HS-specific mRNAs. This response resembled the ;autoregulation' observed during continuous 40 degrees C HS. However, no autoregulation was evident when soybean seedlings were exposed to high concentrations of As (250 micromolar) or Cd (1 millimolar) for 12 hours. The cDNA probe pCE54 detected a second higher molecular weight poly(A(+)) RNA following As or Cd treatments which accumulated concomitantly with the lower molecular weight HS-specific poly(A(+)) RNA. The patterns of low molecular weight HS polypeptides from in vitro translations induced by HS, As, and Cd, and analyzed by one-dimensional and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE, were similar but temporal differences were apparent. In addition to HS proteins, many control proteins were also detected in both in vitro and in vivo labeling patterns from As and, to a lesser extent, Cd treatments. The chemical agents used in this study apparently induced the accumulation and translation of HS messages in vivo but not in the selective manner as observed during HS treatment.