Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Change and Migration in Britain since 1981: Evidence for Continuing Deconcentration

The counterurbanisation decade of the 1970s appears to have been followed by a period of more mixed trends in migration between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. This author examines the experience of Great Britain against the background of developments reported for other countries. The British Census small-area statistics are used to calculate 1981–91 rates of population change for a typology of local labour-market areas in order to test for the existence of population deconcentration, and the results are compared with the rates for the three previous intercensal decades. Annual population estimates are then used to examine the migration component of 1981–91 population change and to investigate the extent and timing of fluctuations in growth rates since the early 1960s. The results indicate that the differentials in the population growth rate between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan Britain narrowed somewhat between the 1970s and the 1980s, but the negative relationship between urban status and population change remained very clear. Moreover, contrary to the experience of the USA and a number of European countries, in the mid-1980s Britain saw a resurgence of nonmetropolitan growth which had widespread impact across the country. These results raise questions which can in part be addressed by in-depth research on the 1991 Census and related data sets.
A practical perspective on repatriate knowledge transfer

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to identify organizational support practices that facilitate repatriate knowledge transfer (RKT) in order to overcome the lack of strategic utilization of repatriate knowledge. Design/methodology/approach - – In Study 1, 134 repatriates responded to an online questionnaire and evaluated the organizational support that their organizations provided to facilitate RKT. In Study 2, 22 repatriates and human resource managers were interviewed. Interviewees were asked to assess to which extent the use of seven high-performance work practices – selection and staffing, training, career development, job design, performance appraisal, compensation and rewards, and internal communication – before, during, and after international assignments facilitated RKT. They also explained how these practices were implemented in their organizations. Findings - – The results of Study 1 showed that organizations primarily provide administrative repatriation support, while more strategic and knowledge transfer-related support is missing. Study 2 indicated that certain support practices are more important for the utilization of repatriate knowledge than others. Knowledge-related debriefing sessions after repatriation and targeted internal communication mechanisms were seen as important enablers of RKT. In contrast, selection and financial rewards were not seen as relevant facilitators of RKT. Originality/value - – Research on RKT reports that organizations still lack the right tools to harvest repatriate knowledge. This study indicates which organizational support practices appear to be most important for the facilitation of RKT, and provides some guidance regarding their implementation.
Corporate Culture, Customer Orientation, and Innovativeness in Japanese Firms: A Quadrad Analysis

“Quadrads” (double dyads) of interviews, each conducted with a pair of marketing executives at a Japanese vendor firm and a pair of purchasing executives at a Japanese customer firm, provided data on corporate culture, customer orientation, innovativeness, and market performance. Business performance (relative profitability, relative size, relative growth rate, and relative share of market) was correlated positively with the customer's evaluation of the supplier's customer orientation, but the supplier's own assessment of customer orientation did not correspond well to that of the customer. Japanese companies with corporate cultures stressing competitiveness (markets) and entrepreneurship (adhocracies) outperformed those dominated by internal cohesiveness (clans) or by rules (hierarchies). Successful market innovation also improved performance.
Rab3A small GTP‐binding protein in Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis

There exists a small GTP‐binding protein (G protein) superfamily, consisting of more than 50 members, from yeast to mammal. The Rab family belongs to this superfamily and is implicated in intracellular vesicle trafficking. Rab3A small G protein is a member of the Rab3 subfamily which belongs to this Rab family. The regulators and downstream targets of Rab3A have been isolated, and evidence is accumulating that Rab3A and these Rab3A‐interacting proteins are involved in Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis, particularly in neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals.
Innovativeness and performance: evidence from manufacturing sectors

To investigate whether organisational behaviour can be understood from both the creator's and the adopter's perspectives, we construct and validate a quadratic typology of organisational innovativeness using a sample of 531 companies from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The results suggest distinctive links between the type of innovator and the associated effect on performance.
How do Auditors Respond to Corporate Social Responsibility Performance

We examine whether and how auditors respond to the corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of their client firms in the U.S. using a sample for the period 2000 – 2008. We find that auditors charge lower fees and reduce the propensity to issue going concern qualifications to client firms with superior Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance, but increase them for clients with significant CSR concerns. We interpret this finding as suggesting that auditors use the CSR performance as a factor in assessing the client’s audit risk in their audit planning process. This interpretation is further strengthened by our finding that the effect of CSR performance on audit fees is stronger in industries that exhibit a high average CSR concern and in pollution-prone industries. Our results are robust to the change specification of audit fees model, alternative measures of firms’ CSR performance, categorical analysis of major CSR dimensions, and additional control variable for CSR self-reporting. Our additional tests also show that both clients’ good CSR performance and low CSR concerns are associated with lower future litigation risk of the client, which lends strong support to our main finding that auditors value CSR performance in their decision making.
The relationship between risk based internal audit and financial performance of commercial state corporations in Kenya

xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background to the Study . 1 1.1.1 Risk Based Internal Audit. 2 1.1.2 Financial Performance . 6 1.1.3 Effects of Risk Based Internal Audit on Financial Performance . 8 1.1.4 Commercial State Corporations in Kenya . 9 1.2 Research Problem . 10 1.3 Objective of the Study . 12 1.4 Value of the Study . 12 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 14 2.
An update on the management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune mediated disorder of the peripheral nervous system with clinical features that include weakness, sensory loss, imbalance, pain and impaired ambulation which may lead to substantial disability. This review highlights current treatment strategies for CIDP, how best to utilize proven therapies such as intravenous immunoglobulin, oral prednisone, pulse dexamethasone, and plasma exchange, and when and how to use alternative immunosuppressive agents when first-line therapies are ineffective or poorly tolerated.
Naked Short Sales and Fails to Deliver: An Overview of Clearing and Settlement Procedures for Stock Trades in the US

This paper outlines the process of clearing and settlement for stock trades in the USA. It pays particular attention to what happens when the seller of a stock fails to deliver that stock at settlement and describes the mechanisms to resolve delivery failures. Fails-to-deliver can occur for a number of reasons, such as human error, administrative delays and the controversial practice of naked short selling. This paper helps understand the implications of naked short selling for trade counterparties and, more generally, the effects of naked short selling on the clearing and settlement system.
A randomized, controlled trial of interferon alfa-2b alone and after prednisone withdrawal for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. The Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS Chronic hepatitis B is a common and often progressive liver disorder for which there is no accepted therapy. To assess the efficacy of treatment with interferon, we randomly assigned patients with chronic hepatitis B to one of the following regimens: prednisone for 6 weeks followed by 5 million units of recombinant interferon alfa-2b daily for 16 weeks; placebo followed by 5 million units of interferon daily for 16 weeks; placebo followed by 1 million units of interferon daily for 16 weeks; or observation with no treatment. RESULTS Hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B viral DNA disappeared from serum significantly more often in the patients given prednisone plus interferon (16 of 44 patients, or 36 percent) or 5 million units of interferon alone (15 of 41; 37 percent) than in the untreated controls (3 of 43; 7 percent; P less than 0.001); the difference between those given 1 million units of interferon (7 of 41; 17 percent) and the controls was not significant. The strongest independent predictor of a response to treatment was the amount of hepatitis B viral DNA in serum at entry (P less than 0.0001). Of the 38 patients who responded to interferon, 33 (87 percent) had normal serum aminotransferase levels after therapy; 11 patients who responded (29 percent), but no controls, lost the hepatitis B surface antigen. Blinded histologic assessment revealed a significant improvement in periportal necrosis in the treated patients (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS In chronic hepatitis B, treatment with interferon alfa-2b (5 million units per day for 16 weeks) was effective in inducing a sustained loss of viral replication and achieving remission, assessed biochemically and histologically, in over a third of patients. Moreover, in about 10 percent of the patients treated with interferon, hepatitis B surface antigen disappeared from serum.
Conditional Depletion of the Chlamydomonas Chloroplast ClpP Protease Activates Nuclear Genes Involved in Autophagy and Plastid Protein Quality Control[W]

Conditional depletion of the chloroplast protease ClpP in the alga Chlamydomonas affects plastid protein homeostasis and leads to an autophagocytic and plastid unfolded protein-like response. It involves vacuolization of the cytoplasm and increased accumulation of small heat shock proteins, specific chaperones, proteases, and proteins implicated in thylakoid membrane maintenance and biogenesis. Plastid protein homeostasis is critical during chloroplast biogenesis and responses to changes in environmental conditions. Proteases and molecular chaperones involved in plastid protein quality control are encoded by the nucleus except for the catalytic subunit of ClpP, an evolutionarily conserved serine protease. Unlike its Escherichia coli ortholog, this chloroplast protease is essential for cell viability. To study its function, we used a recently developed system of repressible chloroplast gene expression in the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using this repressible system, we have shown that a selective gradual depletion of ClpP leads to alteration of chloroplast morphology, causes formation of vesicles, and induces extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization that is reminiscent of autophagy. Analysis of the transcriptome and proteome during ClpP depletion revealed a set of proteins that are more abundant at the protein level, but not at the RNA level. These proteins may comprise some of the ClpP substrates. Moreover, the specific increase in accumulation, both at the RNA and protein level, of small heat shock proteins, chaperones, proteases, and proteins involved in thylakoid maintenance upon perturbation of plastid protein homeostasis suggests the existence of a chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling pathway involved in organelle quality control. We suggest that this represents a chloroplast unfolded protein response that is conceptually similar to that observed in the endoplasmic reticulum and in mitochondria.
Investigation on interactions between AC and DC grids

In this paper, interactions between AC and DC systems are investigated with theoretical proof. Results are assessed by modal analysis, using participation factor to retrieve the eigenvalues origin among system states. A simple system is studied to present basics of AC/DC interaction studies. Such an example allows an in depth analysis, a very helpful step for understanding more complex systems. Observations were confirmed by time domain simulations comparison with EMT models. The DC part is a Multi-terminal HVDC grid controlled by the voltage droop method. Finally, a case with grid side Voltage Source Converters participating to the primary frequency control is considered.
Relationship between Firm Age and Financial Leverage with Dividend Policy

In this study, the effect of the financial leverage the age of the company on the policies of the profit distribution of the company has been investigated. In this case, two hypotheses have been developed. In the first hypothesis, the effects of the age of the company and also in second hypothesis the effects of the financial leverage on the policies of profit distribution of the company have been investigated. Sample firms are the manufacturing companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) over the period from 2005 to 2011. In order to determine the sample firms, systematic sampling has been used and finally 92 companies have been selected. To investigate the linear or non-linear relationship between company age and dividends, the square and the cube of the company age in empirical model of the research have been used. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between company age and dividend ratio, but a negative and significant association between financial leverage and dividend.
Strategic Orientation and Product Innovation: Exploring a Decompositional Approach

While a considerable body of research examines the strategic orientation-innovation relationship, findings in that literature have been mixed. This article calls attention to an under-investigated problem: the composite, multi-dimensional conceptualization and measurement of most strategic orientations, which likely contribute to the mixed findings in the literature. To address this issue, the researchers explore a decompositional approach to the strategic orientation-product innovation relationship. The authors utilize the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework to select, decompose, and recast a set of strategic orientation components previously identified to be essential to product innovation. To produce more nuanced insights, the authors also decompose product innovation outcomes into breakthrough vs. incremental. Furthermore, the sample is decomposed by product type to assess the generalizability of the conceptual model across manufactured goods vs. services firms. The authors test the conceptual model with a sample of 222 executives of services and manufacturing firms in Germany and Switzerland using Partial Least Squares (PLS). By decomposing the strategic orientation effects into direct, indirect, total, and specific components, the detailed empirical analysis yields several new insights. Overall, the results suggest that the relationship between strategic orientation and product innovation is more complex than previously identified in the literature. For example, the results demonstrate that technology orientation works to augment innovation differently in services vs. manufacturing firms. More specifically, technology orientation boosts only breakthrough innovation in manufacturing firms, and only indirectly by enhancing an organization’s openmindedness. In contrast, services firms extract additional benefits from a focus on technology directly (and for both incremental and breakthrough innovation) as well as indirectly by increasing openmindedness. The authors also identify complementary as well as suppressing effects on product innovation outcomes from different strategic orientation components. Based on the findings in this study, future research avenues are identified, and managers are advised to consider each component of alternative strategic orientations individually and evaluate the capabilities aligned with components to assess their interdependencies.
Are Consumers Really Bewildered by Overchoice? An Experimental Approach to the Tyranny of “Too Much”

Conventional wisdom advocates that consumers love choice. But just how much? This study delves into this subject by considering the cognitive factors that underpin the consumer’s reaction to plentiful assortment on the shelf, but which may cause “analysis paralysis” and indecision. In an attempt to investigate the above, this study adopts an experimental approach to ascertain what occurs when consumers are faced with a multitude of options within the product category of red wine. The results suggest that if executed correctly, retailers can effectively reduce assortment in such a manner that does not negatively impact perceptions of choice, but does indeed reduce the cost incurred when consumers are forced to weigh up options against each other. Of particular interest, the study finds that product knowledge and experience also has a material effect on the outcome of these endeavors. Hence, both product category familiarity and the nature of the consumer should be factored into the strategic thinking of how a retailer can optimize the merchandise assortment displayed to the customer.
OPA1 mutations and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in autosomal dominant optic atrophy

Purpose: Autosomal dominant optic atrophy is a form of blindness, due in part to mutations affecting the mitochondrial-targeted OPA1 gene product. Both OPA1-positive and OPA1-negative families exhibit variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine if the background mtDNA genotype acts as a genetic modifier for the expression of this disease.Methods: To find novel pathogenic OPA1 mutations, we performed complete OPA1 gene exon sequencing in 30 patients. To assess the possibility that mitochondrial DNA haplotype acts as a genetic modifier, we determined the mitochondrial DNA haplotype in 29 Caucasian OPA1-positive and OPA1-negative patients. Deviations in haplotype distribution between patient and control groups were determined by statistical means.Results: Seven new pathogenic OPA1 mutations were found. Most were detected in the mitochondrial targeting N-terminus or in the coiled-coil domain at the C-terminus. Mitochondrial DNA haplotype analysis indicated that the European haplogroup distribution was different between Caucasian patients and controls. Further, haplogroup J was three-fold over-represented in OPA1-negative patients.Conclusions: Overall, our results support haploinsufficiency as a genetic mechanism in OPA1-positive cases and also suggest that mtDNA genetic background may influence disease expression in a subset of cases.
I believe therefore I care: The relationship between religiosity, environmental attitudes, and green product purchase in Mexico

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of intrinsic religious orientation (IRO) on environmental attitudes (EA) and green product purchases (GPP) in Mexico. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses structural equation modeling to analyze the survey results of 242 consumers from Northern Mexico. Findings – The results of the study show a significant influence of EA on purchasing green products. In addition, the findings suggest that consumers with higher levels of IRO have a higher propensity to buy environmentally-friendly products, but do not show more favorable attitudes toward the environment than less-religious consumers. Research limitations/implications – The study relies on a convenience sample from Northern Mexico. Further, the study relies on self-reported measures of green product purchase (GPP) and future research should incorporate real purchases of green products in addition to self-reported measures. Practical implications – The findings of the study imply that .
The structure of a chromosomal high mobility group protein–DNA complex reveals sequence‐neutral mechanisms important for non‐sequence‐specific DNA recognition

The high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins, which are common to all eukaryotes, bind DNA in a non‐sequence‐specific fashion to promote chromatin function and gene regulation. They interact directly with nucleosomes and are believed to be modulators of chromatin structure. They are also important in V(D)J recombination and in activating a number of regulators of gene expression, including p53, Hox transcription factors and steroid hormone receptors, by increasing their affinity for DNA. The X‐ray crystal structure, at 2.2 Å resolution, of the HMG domain of the Drosophila melanogaster protein, HMG‐D, bound to DNA provides the first detailed view of a chromosomal HMG domain interacting with linear DNA and reveals the molecular basis of non‐sequence‐specific DNA recognition. Ser10 forms water‐mediated hydrogen bonds to DNA bases, and Val32 with Thr33 partially intercalates the DNA. These two ‘sequence‐neutral’ mechanisms of DNA binding substitute for base‐specific hydrogen bonds made by equivalent residues of the sequence‐specific HMG domain protein, lymphoid enhancer factor‐1. The use of multiple intercalations and water‐mediated DNA contacts may prove to be generally important mechanisms by which chromosomal proteins bind to DNA in the minor groove.
Training cognitive flexibility in patients with anorexia nervosa: a pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation therapy.

OBJECTIVE Inefficient cognitive flexibility is considered a neurocognitive trait marker involved in the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa (AN). Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) is a specific treatment targeting this cognitive style. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy (by estimating the effect size) of specifically tailored CRT for AN, compared to non-specific cognitive training. METHOD A prospective, randomized controlled, superiority pilot trial was conducted. Forty women with AN receiving treatment as usual (TAU) were randomized to receive either CRT or non-specific neurocognitive therapy (NNT) as an add-on. Both conditions comprised 30 sessions of computer-assisted (21 sessions) and face-to-face (9 sessions) training over a 3-week period. CRT focused specifically on cognitive flexibility. NNT was comprised of tasks designed to improve attention and memory. The primary outcome was performance on a neuropsychological post-treatment assessment of cognitive set-shifting. RESULTS Data available from 25 treatment completers were analyzed. Participants in the CRT condition outperformed participants in the NNT condition in cognitive set-shifting at the end of the treatment (p = 0.027; between-groups effect size d = 0.62). Participants in both conditions showed high treatment acceptance. DISCUSSION This study confirms the feasibility of CRT for AN, and provides a first estimate of the effect size that can be achieved using CRT for AN. Furthermore, the present findings corroborate that neurocognitive training for AN should be tailored to the specific cognitive inefficiencies of this patient group.