Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequence diversity of small, round-structured viruses in the Norwalk virus group

We have determined the nucleotide sequences of a highly conserved region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the prototype Snow Mountain agent (SMA) and of four other small, round-structured viruses (antigenically Norwalk virus [NV]-like or SMA-like) following reverse transcription-PCR amplification of viral RNA obtained from human stools. The stool samples were either from volunteers administered SMA or from sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis that occurred in Japan and the United Kingdom between 1984 and 1992. The GLPSG and YGDD RNA polymerase motifs were in the proper locations in the sequences of the five SRSVs, but each sequence was distinct from the 8FIIa prototype NV sequence and from each other. Analysis of the sequences and reactivities in a new NV antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the five viruses could be divided into two groups (serogroups) with NV and SMA, respectively, being the prototypes. The sequences of the capsid region and a nonstructural region (2C) were determined from one strain from each group. One virus (SRSV-KY-89/89/J), isolated in Japan and antigenically similar to the prototype NV (isolated 21 years earlier in Ohio), showed a remarkable level of sequence similarity to NV. KY-89 and the 8FIIa NV showed 87.2% nucleotide similarity over 2,516 continuous nucleotides amounting to 96 to 98.9% amino acid similarity in three distinct domains in two open reading frames. Between the prototype SMA and NV, the polymerase region showed 63% nucleotide and 59% amino acid similarity, respectively. Two other antigenically SMA-like isolates (SRSV-925/92/UK and SRSV-OTH-25/89/J), from the United Kingdom and Japan, showed 80% nucleotide and 88 to 92% amino acid similarity in the polymerase region to the prototype SMA isolated 16 and 13 years earlier in the United States. The capsid region of the antigenically SMA-like OTH-25 virus showed 53% nucleotide and 65% amino acid similarity to the prototype NV capsid region. Domains of sequence diversity and conversation were identified within the capsid protein of these two distinct prototype serotypes of virus. These results indicate that NV-like and SMA-like agents are still circulating, and sequence comparisons will be useful to identify and classify distinct viruses in the NV group.
Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Fibrous Pseudomonas Bacteriophages

Two fibrous Pseudomonas phages, Pf1 and Pf2, have been isolated and characterized. The phages were serologically related and were indistinguishable morphologically when viewed by electron microscopy. Both phages formed minute turbid plaques. A simple method was devised for easy differentiation of such plaques from the bacterial lawn. The infected bacteria continued to grow and to liberate the phages into the medium. The phages were collected from the turbid “lysate” by salting out and were purified by differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation. The purified phages were sensitive to ultrasonics and to a proteolytic enzyme, Nagarse. A rapid lysis mutant was obtained from the progeny of plaquepurified Pf2. Pf2 was spontaneously produced by strain P28 of P. aeruginosa. Neither acridine orange nor antiserum affected the phage-producing capacity of the bacteria.
GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF THE EASTERN COTTONTAIL (Sylvilagus floridanus) IN CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA 1

During a 3 year period, 186 eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) were trapped from two areas and examined for helminth and protozoan parasites. Fecal samples from 139 were evaluated for coccidia and helminth ova. Nine species of coccidia were identified: Eimera audubonii, E. azul, E. environ, E. honessi, E. maior, E. minima, E. neoirresidua, E. neoleporis, and E. sylvilagi. Ova from 5 helminth species were found: Cittotaenia sp. , Hasstilesia tricolor, Passalurus sp. , a trichostrongyle-type nematode species, and Trichuris sp. Five helminths were recovered from stomachs and small intestines: Cittotaenia sp. H. tricolor, Obeliscoides cuniculi, Passalurus ambiguus, and Trichostrongylus calcaratus.
Role of Education in HIV Clinical Outcomes in a Tuberculosis Endemic Setting

This study evaluated how educational attainment impacts clinical outcomes of HIV-positive patients in Durban, South Africa. The authors conducted a prospective study of 466 adult HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) at an urban TB-HIV clinic from October 2004 to June 2007. The level of educational attainment (highest grade completed) was assessed at ART initiation. The authors measured tuberculosis treatment outcomes as well as death, lost to follow-up, viral suppression (HIV RNA <400 copies/mL), and immunologic response (CD4 ≥200 cells/mm3) at 6, 12, and 24 months after ART initiation. After 24 months of ART initiation, there were 43 deaths; viral suppression and immunologic response were observed in 88% and 83% of the remaining patients, respectively. The authors found no association between level of educational attainment and mortality (P = .12), loss to follow-up (P = .85), virologic response (P = .51), or immunologic response (P = .63). Similar findings were observed at 6 and 12 months post-ART initiation.
A New Framework for Classifying Information Systems Modelling Languages

The comparative survey shows that there are many Domain Specific Languages (DSMLs) adopted in various Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) approaches for information systems engineering. Choosing the appropriate DSML depends on the type of the target information system (IS), as well as the technical and modelling skills of the developing team. Adopting the right DSML is considered a difficult issue for casual designers, domain experts with limited modelling skills. Therefore, introducing a simplified DSML that describes IS in a higher-level of abstraction way than existing DSML approaches supports business users to contribute more in the development process. In this work, a classification framework is introduced to categorise thirteen DSMLs, based on the target type of IS, into four major categories, namely, (1) DSMLs for n-tier web application development, (2) DSMLs for cloud-based applications development, (3) DSMLs for mobile-based applications development and (4) DSMLs for tier-specific enterprise applications development. Feature modelling technique was adopted to compare and categorise modelling languages. Sharing a common similarity are clustered together into higher-level categories in the hierarchy as the main characteristics from different modelling languages. At the end, the resulting framework is documented using a multiple-level feature diagram to support domain expert decisions of choosing a DSML that suits their needs; And provide common DSML features to be adopted in constructing a simplified DSML that supports Lightweight MDE development.
Sensitivity of water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) seedlings to manganese enrichment under water‐saturated conditions

In anaerobic soils of wetlands, Mn is highly available to plants because of the decreasing redox potential and pH of flooded soil. When growing adjacent to each another in wetland forests, water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.) had 10 times greater leaf manganese concentration than bald cypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Richard). This interspecific difference was examined over a range of manganese‐enriched soil conditions in a greenhouse experiment. Water tupelo and bald cypress seedlings were grown in fertilized potting soil enriched with 0, 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 mg Mn/L of soil and kept at saturated to slightly flooded conditions. Leaf Mn concentration was greater in water tupelo than bald cypress for all but the highest Mn addition treatment. Growth of water tupelo seedlings was adversely affected in treatments greater than 160 mg Mn/L. Total biomass of water tupelo in the highest Mn treatment was less than 50% of the control. At low levels of added Mn, bald cypress was able to restrict uptake of Mn at the roots with resulting low leaf Mn concentrations. Once that root restriction was exceeded, Mn concentration in bald cypress leaves increased greatly with treatment; that is, the highest treatment was 40 times greater than control (4,603 vs 100 μg/g, respectively), but biomass of bald cypress was unaffected by manganese additions. Bald cypress, a tree that does not naturally accumulate manganese, does so under manganese‐enriched conditions and without biomass reduction in contrast to water tupelo, which is severely affected by higher soil Mn concentrations. Thus, bald cypress would be less affected by increased manganese availability in swamps receiving acidic inputs such as acid mine drainage, acid rain, or oxidization of pyritic soils.
Cognitive Access to Negatively Arousing News

Over the past 30 years, survey researchers have documented the existence of a knowledge gap and expressed concern that people with little education are falling behind because they do not acquire the information necessary to participate in socioeconomic spheres. This study is the first to offer (a) experimental evidence for the existence of the knowledge gap and (b) explanations for it in terms of varying levels of information processing capacities, or cognitive access. Participants from higher and lower educational backgrounds paid equal levels of attention to television news stories, but they did not display the same recognition memory for facts. Moreover, participants in the higher education group were physiologically more aroused by news than those in the lower education group. These findings do not pinpoint whether cognitive access is learned or innate, but they do suggest that the biological systems of people from higher educational backgrounds are particularly alert in preparing for information processing.
Cornell University School of Hotel Administration The Scholarly Commons Articles and Chapters School of Hotel Administration Collection 2011 An Examination of REIT Dividend Payout Policy

This paper proposes a new methodology for decomposing real estate investment trust (REIT) dividends into discretionary and nondiscretionary components. By examining the tax characteristics of dividends, I am able to accurately measure the discretionary component of a REIT's dividend. This methodology provides new insights into our understanding of REIT dividend payout policy. Unlike previous studies that find limited explanations for discretionary dividend payouts, I find a systematic explanation. Discretionary dividends tend to be large on average making up between 18% and 35% of a REIT's total dividend and display considerable variation through time and across firms. The main determinant of these discretionary dividends appears to be dividend smoothing. There is an inverse relationship between discretionary and nondiscretionary dividends. Even if a REIT has excess cash flow it could distribute in discretionary dividends, it will tend not to do so if it has a high dividend payout due to its nondiscretionary dividends. In this sense, REITs appear to use discretionary dividends to smooth their payout ratios.
Ringxiety and the Mobile Phone Usage Pattern among the Students of a Medical College in South India.

AIMS Technologies like mobile phones may not always work positively but they may have unforeseen adverse effects. This study was conducted to find the proportion of students who experienced ringxiety (phantom ringing) and other perceived effects, as well as the pattern of the mobile phone usage among college students. METHOD A cross-sectional study was carried out at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, south India, among 336 medical students by using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS Among the total number of students, 335 students possessed mobile phones. Mostly, the persons whom they talked to on their phones were parents for 220 (51%) of the students. 48% (150) talked for less than half hour in a day and 41% (137) were high volume message users. "Ringxiety" was experienced by 34.5% (116) of the students and they were more likely to use their phones at restricted places like classrooms (99%) and libraries (60.3%). A significantly larger proportion of ringxiety sufferers also complained of hampered studies. CONCLUSION The pattern of mobile phone use among the medical students appeared to be problematic, as a fairly large proportion suffered from ringxiety, they reported getting very upset and they used their phones at restricted times and places. This problem needs to be recognized, all stakeholders must be made aware of the symptoms and measures must be taken to reduce it.
Validation of Time-of-Voting-Decision Recall.

In Canadian federalelections, over half of the respondents say they made up their minds duringthe campaign. There is also evidence that the proportion of people who saythey decided during the campaign has been increasing over the past few years(Archer and Kanji 1998; Flanigan and Zingale 1994, table 7-3; Norris et al.1999). Can we believe these ﬁgures on time of decision? Two studies have found respondents’ reported time-of-voting decision tobe unreliable (Chaffee and Rimal 1996; Plumb 1986). They show that answersto the recall question do not closely match the pattern of vote intentionsrevealed by panel interviews. These previous validation attempts examinedAmerican data. This study adds to the body of evidence by presenting data
CURRENT STATUS OF ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT FOR NONVARICEAL UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING

Endoscopic hemostasis is widely performed for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding. As the aged Japanese population rapidly increases, the number of patients experiencing complications increases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recent results of endoscopic hemostasis for nonvariceal UGI bleeding. A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent endoscopic procedures for nonvariceal UGI bleeding was performed. We performed 223 endoscopic procedures on 217 patients between January 1995 and July 2000, and 238 endoscopic procedures on 236 patients between January 2006 and September 2009 at the Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital. We divided the patients into the 1995–2000 group and the 2006–2009 group. Patient characteristics, hemostasis methods chosen, rates of temporary hemostasis and rebleeding, and mortality were analyzed. There were many serious and actively bleeding cases in the 2006–2009 group (P < 0.001). The endoclip method and intravenous proton pump inhibitor were mainly used in the 2006–2009 group compared with the drug‐injection method and intravenous H2 receptor antagonist in the 1995–2000 group (P < 0.001). Through these treatments, the two groups were able to obtain similar treatment outcomes. Through the progress of endoscopic management we obtained similar satisfactory results in the 2006–2009 group, which had multiple complicated cases, compared to the 1995–2000 group.
Decentering as a Common Link among Mindfulness, Cognitive Reappraisal, and Social Anxiety

Background: The tendency to employ both cognitive reappraisal and mindfulness are associated with reduced trait social anxiety; however, it is unclear whether reappraisal and mindfulness are associated with social anxiety through the same mechanisms. It has been proposed that decentering, or the process of seeing thoughts or feelings as objective events in the mind rather than personally identifying with them, may be a key mechanism underlying both cognitive reappraisal and mindfulness. Aims: To examine the relationships between reappraisal, mindfulness, decentering, and social anxiety. Method: This study utilized structural equation modeling to examine the relationships among cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness, decentering, and social anxiety in a large cross-sectional study. Results: Results indicate that the relationship between mindfulness and social anxiety is partially accounted for by decentering, whereas the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and social anxiety is more fully accounted for by decentering. Conclusions: These results imply that decentering may be a common mechanism underlying both cognitive reappraisal and mindfulness, although mindfulness may also affect social anxiety through additional mechanisms. However, given the cross-sectional nature of these findings, results should be considered preliminary, with future research being needed to further elucidate these relationships.
Can't Get It Out of My Mind: Employee Rumination after Customer Mistreatment and Negative Mood in the Next Morning

Drawing on cognitive rumination theories and conceptualizing customer service interaction as a goal attainment situation for service employees, the current study examined employee rumination about negative service encounters as an intermediate cognitive process that explains the within-person fluctuations in negative emotional reactions resulting from customer mistreatment. Multilevel analyses of 149 call-center employees' 1,189 daily surveys revealed that on days that a service employee received more (vs. less) customer mistreatment, he or she ruminated more (vs. less) at night about negative encounters with customers, which in turn led to higher (vs. lower) levels of negative mood experienced in the next morning. In addition, service rule commitment and perceived organizational support moderated the within-person effect of customer mistreatment on rumination, such that this effect was stronger among those who had higher (vs. lower) levels of service rule commitment but weaker among those who had higher (vs. lower) levels of perceived organizational support. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Study of Forces and Dynamic Coefficients in Whirling and Eccentric Labyrinth Seals Using ANSYS-CFX

Labyrinth seal force estimates are important to the prediction of the stability of turbomachinery. The force prediction methods fall into several categories: experiments, bulk flow analysis, and finite volume analysis. Finite volume analysis can be split into two subcategories: selfdeveloped and commercial. In this research, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program called ANSYSCFX was used to predict the forces generated in a labyrinth seal whirling at specified speeds. The results were compared to data from VT-FAST, a bulk flow code, and TASCflow, another commercial CFD program. It was shown that there were discrepancies among the results, and several hypotheses were made as to the reason for these discrepancies. Additionally, ANSYS-CFX was used to study the effect of labyrinth seal eccentricity ratio on the resultant force generated. It was shown that the radial force component within the seal behaved linearly with respect to eccentricity ratio. However, the tangential force component had no distinguishable relationship with the eccentricity ratio. It was hypothesized that the lack of a relationship was caused by the small fluctuations in the inlet swirl. Although the inlet swirl varied very little at each eccentricity ratio, it was shown there was a relationship between the tangential force and inlet swirl.
Stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome: a study of calves infected with Leptospira

Leptospiral infection has been reported in calves which were either stillbom or dead from perinatal weak calf syndrome; 356 such calves were examined for evidence of associations between leptospiral infection and macroscopic, histological and microbiological findings, and the parity of the dam. Calves in which leptospiral antigen was detected in the placenta were significantly lighter by an average of 6 to 10 kg than calves with no antigen in the placenta. Calves infected with Leptospira were more likely to be infected by Actinomyces pyogenes or Bacllus species. No other significant associations were detected. The adrenal gland, lung and placenta were the most useful organs to examine for leptospiral antigen. The placenta was the only antigen-positive tissue 8.9 per cent of the calves submitted with their placenta.
My favourite flowering image: a cob of pod corn.

For good reasons scientists usually do not report the personal circumstances of their work when publishing their results. This means, however, that the scientific facts being reported may not accurately reflect the personal importance of the respective work for the individual scientists. Pictures of pod corn (or Tunicate maize) have been on my mind for much of my life, through good and through bad times. This is why.
Structural Basis for Subst rate Selectivity of the E 3 Ligase COP 1 Graphical Abstract Highlights

In Brief COP1 proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases that regulate phototropism in plants and target transcription factors for degradation in mammals. The substratebinding region of COP1 resides within a WD40-repeat domain that also binds to Trib proteins, the adaptors for C/EBPa degradation. Uljon et al. identify the structural basis and key interactions for motif recognition by COP1, and hint at how Trib1 autoinhibition is overcome to target C/EBPa for degradation.
The use of raifix to enhance fines and filler retention in mechanical groundwood pulps

This work investigates the use of Raifix as a retention enhancing ATC in clay and PCC filled mechanical groundwood pulp suspensions. Raifix is a starch based Anionic Trash Collector (ATC) which is patented and produced by Raisio Chemicals of Finland. Raifix coagulates the anionic Dissolved and Colloidal Substances (DCS) present in a pulp furnish and attaches them to the fibre. These are subsequently flocculated by a high molecular weight retention aid polymer. In this work, Raifix was used in conjunction with a Poly(ethylene oxide)-Phenol Formaldehyde Resin (PEO-PFR) retention aid system. In first pass retention experiments conducted with a Dynamic Drainage Jar (DDJ), when Raifix was added prior to PFR and PEO, the retention of fines and clay increased by as much as 18% and 31% respectively. In contrast, Raifix had a detrimental effect on retention in the PCC filled pulp suspension. In both cases, the cationic demand and turbidity of the DDJ filtrate (analogous to a mill's white water) decreased as Raifix dosage was increased. Laser diffraction particle size analyses were also performed to observe the aggregation behaviour of clay and PCC filler. When Raifix was added prior to PFR and PEO, the rate of aggregation and aggregate size of clay increased by as much as 1000% and 150% respectively. Once again, Raifix had a detrimental effect on PCC aggregation. Finally, experiments were performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis to observe the molecular interactions between PEO, PFR and Raifix. The results of these experiments show evidence of hydrogen bonding interactions between PEO and PFR as well as Raifix and PFR. This was indicated by a shift of the hydrogen bonded O-H peak to a lower frequency.
THE CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MAJOR CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE FETAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

During the ten years between 1965 and 1974, 207 infants with a major congenital abnormality of the central nervous system were born at Mill Road Maternity Hospital, Liverpool; open neural tube defects occurred in 92 per cent of cases. Only cases of anencephaly were frequently diagnosed clinically before labour and this was rarely so for spina bifida alone. Only 11 patients (5.3 per cent) had previously been delivered of an affected infant. The routine screening of pregnant patients is briefly discussed.
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus and Merkel Cell Carcinoma, France

To the Editor: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a primary cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor. This aggressive skin cancer is uncommon but increasing in frequency. During 1986–2001, incidence rate tripled; average annual increase was 8% (1). MCC shares epidemiologic features with Kaposi sarcoma, a malignant tumor associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection (2). In particular, MCC affects predominantly immunocompromised patients such as organ transplant recipients (3,4), patients with B-cell lymphoid tumors (5), and patients with AIDS (6). This similarity between MCC and Kaposi sarcoma may support the hypothesis of an infectious origin of MCC.