Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fish and Chicks: Forage Fish and Chick Success in Co-existing Auks

Abstract We compared the composition and overlap in the chick diets of the two most abundant auks in the Northwest Atlantic, the Common Murre (Uria aalge; hereafter murres) and the Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica; hereafter puffins). Our objective was to assess how auks with different foraging strategies (dietary specialization among murres vs. generalization among puffins) and physiological constraints imposed by differences in body size and prey-loading meet the energy demands of reproduction. Murres provisioned chicks with female capelin (>100 mm): 98.8% by number in 2004 and 95.5% in 2005. The relative contribution of gravid capelin to murre chick diets decreased by an order of magnitude between years (41.1 and 4.9% by number in 2004 and 2005, respectively) and was related to the timing of capelin spawning. Puffins provisioned chicks with high proportions of forage fish in both years with the focal species changing from sandlance Ammodytes spp. in 2004 (97.6% by index of relative importance, IRI) to capelin (>100 mm) in 2005 (92.3% IRI). Murre fledglings were significantly lighter in 2005 (203.0 ± 4.6 g) compared to 2004 (215.0 ± 3.9 g) whereas puffins chicks exhibited no such differences. These results suggest that generalized feeding is a viable strategy for puffins but that specialized feeding by murres can lead to poor offspring condition when there is low overlap between peak food availability (i.e., capelin spawning) and chick-rearing.
SUPPORT VARIETIES FOR TRANSPORTER CATEGORY ALGEBRAS

Let G be a finite group. Over any finite G-poset P we may define a transporter category as the corresponding Grothendieck construction. The classifying space of the transporter category is the Borel construction on the G-space BP, while the k-category algebra of the transporter category is the (Gorenstein) skew group algebra on the G-algebra kP. We introduce a support variety theory for the category algebras of transporter categories. It extends Carlson’s support variety theory on group cohomology rings to equivariant cohomology rings. In the mean time it provides a class of (usually non selfinjective) algebras to which Snashall-Solberg’s (Hochschild) support variety theory applies. Various properties will be developed. Particularly we establish a Quillen stratification for modules.
Time spent by blowfly Lucilia sericata on standard traps baited with liver and ammonia.

Calliphorids are the most important blowflies, because they can cause injuries mainly in sheep, but also in other species of economic importance. This paper describes the flies’ behavior on and around a trap before they entered in. Many Lucilia sericata (35.05%) stayed a shorter time (two to six seconds) on the standard trap, while only 6.18% of them spent a longer time (26 to 30 seconds) before entering the trap.
Colonic Carcinogenesis in an Experimental Model of Chronic Colitis in Rats Proces karcynogenezy w doświadczalnym modelu przewlekłego zapalenia okrężnicy u szczurów

Background. The study of the adenoma−carcinoma sequence in an animal model of chronic colitis resembling human ulcerative colitis is essential to understand the pathogenesis of the process and to allow the testing cancer chemopreventive agents. Objectives. The aim was to establish a model of chronic colitis to study the relationship between inflammation and cancer development as well as to elucidate the adenoma−to−carcinoma cascade demonstrated by the p53 and Ki67 mark− ers and dysplastic lesions (high and low grade). Additionally, the metastatic affection of liver tissue was investigated. Material and Methods. An experimental model of colitis and carcinogenesis in 50 two−month−old Wistar rats was used. First colitis was induced using acetic acid and histologically proved, then carcinogenesis in two groups of animals (healthy and with induced colitis) was studied. Azoxymethane was used as the carcinogen. Results. Colonic adenocarcinoma developed in 30% of the colitis−induced group and in 20% of the group without induced colitis but receiving the carcinogen. Dysplasia preceded the development of colonic adenocarcinoma. Ki67 and p53 positivity was an early sign of colonic malignancy in both dysplastic (mostly high grade) and carcinoma lesions. Liver tissue was affected by metastatic carcinoma only in those animals with chronic colitis. Conclusions. Chronic colitis resembling human ulcerative colitis leads to the development of colonic adenocarci− noma. In the colitis−induced group the process of carcinogenesis was more frequent and expansive than in the healthy animals (Adv Clin Exp Med 2006, 15, 6, 983–988).
Are Grades Inflated for Good Teaching Evaluations? Evidence from Bangladesh

The hazard of excessive reliance on using student evaluations of teaching effectiveness, namely, teaching evaluations, has been found to be a contributing factor towards grade inflation. As performance evaluation of faculty members are largely dependent on these teaching evaluations, there is a significant incentive for course instructors to give higher, potentially inflated, grades to students in return for favorable teaching evaluations as positive reciprocity. The likelihood of grade inflation is further exacerbated for part-time and adjunct faculty members, who rely more on good teaching evaluations than their full-time compatriots. This study investigated the question of whether the use of teaching evaluations has been a contributing factor towards grade inflation at a certain private university in Bangladesh. Analyzing the data for 98,362 student evaluations of more than 3,653 course sections, taught by more than 350 faculty members, this study examined the relationship between teaching evaluation and average class grade for courses offered during Spring 2012, Summer 2012, and Fall 2012 semesters at this university. As a novel econometric analysis in such research, instrumental variable estimation is undertaken, whereby statistically significant results indicate a positive relationship between teaching evaluation and average class grade for courses, after controlling for latent variables, such as teaching quality and other independent variables. The conclusion that higher grades beget high evaluation scores regardless of teaching quality indicates grade inflation for ensuring good teaching evaluation.
Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus)

Zoos and aquariums have been incorporating environmental enrichment into their animal care programs for the past 30 years to increase mental stimulation and promote natural behaviors. However, most attempts to document the effects of enrichment on animal behavior have focused on terrestrial mammals. Staff at the National Aquarium in Baltimore conducted an investigation of the behavioral effects of enrichment on the seven harbor seals and two gray seals housed in the aquarium's outdoor seal exhibit. We expected that enrichment would change the amount of time the animals spent engaged in specific behaviors. The behaviors recorded were: resting in water, resting hauled out, maintenance, breeding display, breeding behavior, aggression, pattern swimming, random swimming, exploration, and out of sight. Activity levels (random swimming and exploration) were expected to increase, while stereotypic behaviors (pattern swimming) were expected to decrease. The frequency and duration of behaviors were documented for 90 hr in both the control phase (without enrichment) and the experimental phase (with enrichment). Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the time spent in pattern swimming, random swimming, exploration, and out of sight were observed between the two phases. With enrichment, pattern swimming and out of sight decreased, while random swimming and exploration behavior increased. These findings demonstrate that enrichment can promote behaviors (random swimming and exploration) that are likely to be normal for phocids in the wild, and that may contribute to the behavioral complexity of these seals in captivity. Zoo Biol 21:375–387, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Using monosaccharide anhydrides to estimate the impact of wood combustion on fine particles in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area

1) Finnish Meteorological Institute, Air Quality Research, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland 2) Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), P.O. Box 100, FI-00066 HSY, Finland 3) Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 4) University of Eastern Finland, Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland 5) VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Fine Particles, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
DIFFERENCE FREQUENCY GENERATION BETWEEN THE OUTPUT WAVES OF THE PP-MgO : LN OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR

The difference frequency generation in the AgGaSe2 crystal between output waves of a periodically poled MgO doped lithium niobate (PP-MgO : LN) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is described in this paper. The wavelength of the generated radiation is tunable from 6 to 13 µm with the average generated power in the range of several microwatts. The set-up allows a rapid tuning of the wavelength in the limited region of spectra without changing the temperature of the PP-MgO : LN crystal. A typical spectral linewidth of 5 cm-1 makes this source suitable for spectrometry of complex molecules under atmospheric conditions. The measured spectrum of the acetone vapour is presented to confirm this fact. Keywords: nonlinear optics, optical frequency converters, infrared sources
States of matter explanations in Slovenian textbooks for students aged 6 to 14

The basic aim of this study is to investigate the content of textual and pictorial material of Slovenian science textbooks and notebooks on topic states of matter. The paper presents the results of the analysis of educational material from two randomly selected publishers for students aged 6 to 14 in the Slovenian primary and the lower secondary school. One topic area (states of matter) was selected to be analysed. The first part of the analysis includes exercise and images analysis according to the selected framework, and the second one content analysis identifying key concepts and connections between them according to the national curriculum recommendations. Results show quite a few similarities between the analysed programmes (number of pages, type of items) but some differences could be detected when comparing the type of images in the educational material. The content analysis of the selected textbooks also shows that they retain the content directed by the national curriculum, but the ways (examples, content of the images etc.) in which authors present the topic differ.
CT VS Transcranial Ultrasound-A Diagnostic Tool in Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy-A 2 Year Study

Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a neurological manifestation in neonates due to asphyxia to the fetusintranatal, natal and post natal period. The study was conducted to evaluate imaging findings in preterm and term infants diagnosed clinically as HIE. 60 cases with birth asphyxia during DEC 2013 to NOV 2015 were subjected to transcranial USG & CT scan evaluation. Results were compared and found USG superior to CT scan in premature infants
Back to the Future. A Behavioural Perspective on Technical Analysis into PIGS Countries

In this paper, we investigate the possible presence of the behavioural phenomenon in the stock markets of some members of the European Union who are historically known as PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain). We used technical analyses methods and rules to explain behavioural phenomenon in the examined stoch markets. We use different types of moving average technical rules. We perform some further analyses and tests. In our further analyses, we apply standard t-tests in combination with bootstrap methodology under the GARCH (1,1) null model. Overall, the results obtained in the paper show that our technical strategies (buy and hold) “win” the market and that there is a presence of European phenomenon in the PIGS stock markets. In addition, we document significant excess returns for moving average trading strategies and reject the weak-form efficient market hypothesis of Fama (1965).
A multiwavelength study of embedded clusters in W5-east, NGC 7538, S235, S252 and S254-S258

This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through a contract issued by JPL/Caltech. We also thank NOAO for their student thesis support. The Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory was supported by NSF grant AST 0540852. CB is supported by an RCUK Fellowship at the University of Exeter, UK. This work is based in part on the IRAC postBCD processing software ‘IRACPROC’ developed by Mike Schuster, Massimo Marengo and Brian Patten at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. This research used the facilities of the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre operated by the National Research Council of Canada with the support of the Canadian Space Agency. This research has made use of the NASA/ IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the Spanish MINECO for funding support from grants CSD2009-00038, AYA2009-07304 and AYA2012-32032.
Individual speech recognition in noise, the audiogram and more: Using automatic speech recognition (ASR) as a modelling tool

To characterize the individual patient’s hearing impairment, a framework for auditory discrimination experiments (FADE, Schadler et al., 2015) was extended here using different degrees of individualization. FADE has been shown to predict the outcome of both speech recognition tests and psychoacoustic experiments based on simulations using an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system which requires only few assumptions. It builds on the closed-set matrix sentence recognition test which is advantageous for testing individual speech recognition in a way comparable across languages. Individual predictions of speech recognition thresholds in stationary and in fluctuating noise were derived using the audiogram and an estimate of the internal detector noise (“level uncertainty”). Either “typical” audiogram shapes with or without a “typical” level uncertainty or the individual data were used for individual predictions. As a result, the individualisation of the level uncertainty was found to be more important than the exact shape of the individual audiogram to accurately model the outcome of the German matrix test in stationary or fluctuating noise for listeners with hearing impairment.
FACEBOOK SATISFACTION, LIFE SATISFACTION: MALAYSIAN UNDERGRADUATE EXPERIENCE

The central aim of this study was to investigate an approach whereby students’ online social networking produces positive psychological outcomes. Basically, Facebook is a social site that is open to all and closely integrated into the daily experience of most undergraduate students in Malaysia. This study conducted to analyse the association between the number of Facebook friends and the amount of time spent on Facebook with life satisfaction. The purpose of the current study was to investigate what gratifications Malaysian students obtain from Facebook uses. The present study also probed to find out whether gratification obtaining from Facebook uses predicts life satisfaction. In doing so, the theory of the uses and gratification and the theory of the life satisfaction were adopted as theoretical frame work. Our findings of 798 participants, conducting a factor analysis, explored respectively the following gratifications behind Facebook uses: entertainment, communication, social investigation social attention, shared identity and information seeking. Furthermore, using the regression equation, this study failed to find direct association between number of Facebook friends and amount of time using with life satisfaction. The number of Facebook friends while controlling by Facebook motivations could predict life satisfaction. So, it is propounded the view that general uses of social networking sites don’t meet the psychological effects, but the type of certain interaction is the matter. Finally, the findings of this study detected shared identity and social attention as two obtaining gratification that predicted students’ life satisfaction.
COMMON CAROTID INTIMAL MEDIAL THICKNESS IN A KENYAN POPULATION

Carotid intimal medial thickness, a marker for early atherosclerosis, has high clinical utility. It shows gender, regional, age and ethnic differences but data from black African populations are scarce. This study describes the carotid intimal medial thickness in a black Kenyan population. One hundred and fifty histological samples from 25 males and 25 female left common carotid arteries were routinely processed for light microscopy and stained using Mason’s Trichrome stain. The intimal medial thickness was measured on the photomicrographs using the Scion Multiscan software. The mean age of the cases was 28+19yrs. Mean carotid intimal medial thickness is higher in males (0.97+0.22) than females (0.77+0.06), p=0.05 and increases distally. Carotid intimal medial thickness increased with age being 0.5+0.16mm, 0.87+0.24mm and 1.21+0.36 mm for the age groups 0-20yrs, 21-40yrs and 41-60yrs respectively (p=0.035). Carotid intimal medial thickness in black Africans is similar to that reported for Caucasian populations. It is higher in males, increases distally and with age. Keywords: Carotid Intimal medial thickness, atherosclerosis
Ultrafast nonequilibrium carrier dynamics in a single graphene layer

Nonequilibrium carrier dynamics in single exfoliated graphene layers on muscovite substrates are studied by ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy and compared with microscopic theory. The very high 10-fs-time resolution allows for mapping the ultrafast carrier equilibration into a quasi-Fermi distribution and the subsequent slower relaxation stages. Coulomb-mediated carrier-carrier and carrier-optical phonon scattering are essential for forming hot separate Fermi distributions of electrons and holes which cool by intraband optical phonon emission. Carrier cooling and recombination are influenced by hot phonon effects.
On the Kronecker and Caratheodory-Fejer theorems in several variables

Multivariate versions of the Kronecker theorem in the continuous multivariate setting has recently been published. These theorems characterize the symbols that give rise to finite rank multidimensional Hankel and Toeplitz type operators defined on general domains. In this paper we study how the additional assumption of positive semidefinite affects the characterization of the corresponding symbols, which we refer to as Carath\'eodory-Fejer type theorems. We show that these theorems become particularly transparent in the continuous setting, by providing elegant if and only if statements connecting the rank with sums of exponential functions. We also discuss how these objects can be discretized, giving rise to an interesting class of structured matrices that inherit these desirable properties from their continuous analogs. We describe how the continuous Kronecker theorem also applies to these structured matrices, given sufficient sampling. We also provide a new proof for the Carath\'eodory-Fejer theorem for block Toeplitz matrices, based on tools from tensor algebra.
Corporate Governance and Accounting Performance: A Balanced Scorecard Approach

This paper is motivated by the financial reform plan implemented in the Egyptian banking sector to enforce good corporate governance practices and improve performance. The study examines the association between governance quality and performance by estimating OLS regression models to test this relation. We measure governance as a multidimensional composite index comprised of board and ownership structure characteristics, while bank performance is measured using the Balanced Scorecard approach including financial and non-financial measures. Empirical evidence shows that governance has positive and significant impact on Egyptian bank performance. In particular, for the board structure, evidence shows that more executive directors on the board will enhance employee’s productivity. We find that board size is an insignificant determinant for bank performance; however, small board size is a significant determinant for better customer-related performance and improved employee productivity. CEO/Chairman duality is unrelated to bank performance, financial and non-financial performance. As for ownership structure, direct foreign investment in Egyptian banks should be encouraged, as there is evidence that foreign ownership has favorable impact on bank performance especially on employee productivity. Ownership concentration adversely affects bank performance index, and has unfavorable effect on employee productivity. Finally, institutional ownership is a marginal determinant of employee productivity.
Pulmonary embolism resulting in a pleural Dressler-like syndrome

Pulmonary embolism was reported as one of possible complications after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) lead implanting procedures. Pleural effusion, with fluid bloody in appearance and with predominance of granulocytes, can be a common resolution of lasting pulmonary embolism. In this paper we present a case of ICD lead exchange procedure causing pulmonary embolism and pleural effusion, with bloody lymphocytic fluid as its consequence, with good response to corticosteroids treatment.
Factors Affecting Computer Game Addiction and Mental Health of Male Adolescents in Mueang District, Si Sa Ket Province

This survey research aimed to study the factors affecting computer game addiction, mental health status, and the association of computer game addiction with the mental health of male adolescents in Mueang District, Si Sa Ket Province. The samples were 333 Mathayomsuksa One to Three students in Si Sa Ket municipal school selected by stratified random sampling to classify the schools and the grade. Data were collected by self administered questionnaires and Thai General Health Questionnaire 28 (Thai GHQ 28) during August 28, 2007 to September 28, 2007 and analyzed by frequency, percentage, means, Chi-square test and Multiple logistic regression. The study found that 23.1% of the adolescents were computer game addicted and 76.9% were not. The factors with a statistically significant ( p-value < 0.05) effect on the computer game addicted were the availability of Internet-connected PCs in house and the inclination of friends. Those adolescents with home internet had a 2.3 times higher chance of being addicted than those without home internet and those with higher friend inclination had a 2.2 times higher chance of being addicted than those with lower friend inclination. On the mental health status of the male adolescents, the study revealed that 61.0% of adolescents who were addicted had poor mental health and computer game addiction was associated with weakened mental health status; a higher proportion of those who were addicted had poor mental health than those who were not addicted. The study suggests that the family should set up the computer in a common room so that the parents can observe and participate; in order to interrupt their children from playing unwholesome games. The family should make friends with their child’s peer group and be familiar with them in order to suggest and observe the game content to help preventing computer game addiction in their child.