Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of harmonic rank on the streaming of complex tones

The effect of the rank of the harmonics on sequential stream segregation of complex tones was investigated for normal-hearing participants with no musical training. It was hypothesized that stream segregation would be greater for tones with high pitch salience, as assessed by fundamental frequency (f0) difference limens. Pitch salience is highest for tones containing some low (resolved) harmonics, but is also fairly high for tones containing harmonics of intermediate rank. The tones were bandpass filtered between 2 and 4 kHz and harmonic rank was varied by changing the f0. There was a significant trend for less stream segregation with increasing harmonic rank. The amount of stream segregation was inversely correlated with the f0 difference limens, consistent with the hypothesis.
How Well Does a Small Structural Model with Sticky Prices and Wages Fit Postwar U.S. Data?

In this paper, we ask whether a small structural model with sticky prices and wages, embedding various modelling devices designed to increase the degree of strategic complementarity between price-setters, can fit postwar US data. To answer this question, we resort to a two-step empirical evaluation of our model. In a first step, we estimate the model by minimizing the distance between theoretical autocovariances of key macroeconomic variables and their VAR-based empirical counterparts. In a second step, we resort to Watson's (1993) test [Measures of fit for calibrated models. Journal of Political Economy 101 (6), 1011--1041] to quantify the model's goodness-of-fit. Our main result is that the combination of sticky prices and sticky wages is central in order to obtain a good empirical fit. Our analysis also reveals that a model with only sticky wages is completely rejected by Watson's test while a model with only sticky prices is not overwhelmingly rejected.
An improved parameterisation of ozone dry deposition to the ocean and its impact in a global climate–chemistry model

Abstract. Schemes used to parameterise ozone dry deposition velocity at the oceanic surface mainly differ in terms of how the dominant term of surface resistance is parameterised. We examine three such schemes and test them in a global climate–chemistry model that incorporates meteorological nudging and monthly-varying reactive-gas emissions. The default scheme invokes the commonly used assumption that the water surface resistance is constant. The other two schemes, named the one-layer and two-layer reactivity schemes, include the simultaneous influence on the water surface resistance of ozone solubility in water, waterside molecular diffusion and turbulent transfer, and a first-order chemical reaction of ozone with dissolved iodide. Unlike the one-layer scheme, the two-layer scheme can indirectly control the degree of interaction between chemical reaction and turbulent transfer through the specification of a surface reactive layer thickness. A comparison is made of the modelled deposition velocity dependencies on sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed with recently reported cruise-based observations. The default scheme overestimates the observed deposition velocities by a factor of 2–4 when the chemical reaction is slow (e.g. under colder SSTs in the Southern Ocean). The default scheme has almost no temperature, wind speed, or latitudinal variations in contrast with the observations. The one-layer scheme provides noticeably better variations, but it overestimates deposition velocity by a factor of 2–3 due to an enhancement of the interaction between chemical reaction and turbulent transfer. The two-layer scheme with a surface reactive layer thickness specification of 2.5 µm, which is approximately equal to the reaction-diffusive length scale of the ozone–iodide reaction, is able to simulate the field measurements most closely with respect to absolute values as well as SST and wind-speed dependence. The annual global oceanic deposition of ozone determined using this scheme is approximately half of the original oceanic deposition obtained using the default scheme, and it corresponds to a 10 % decrease in the original estimate of the total global ozone deposition. The previously reported modelled estimate of oceanic deposition is roughly one-third of total deposition and with this new parameterisation it is reduced to 12 % of the modelled total global ozone deposition. Deposition parameterisation influences the predicted atmospheric ozone mixing ratios, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. For the latitudes 45–70° S, the two-layer scheme improves the prediction of ozone observed at an altitude of 1 km by 7 % and that within the altitude range 1–6 km by 5 % compared to the default scheme.
Transfer Learning for Causal Sentence Detection

We consider the task of detecting sentences that express causality, as a step towards mining causal relations from texts. To bypass the scarcity of causal instances in relation extraction datasets, we exploit transfer learning, namely ELMO and BERT, using a bidirectional GRU with self-attention ( BIGRUATT ) as a baseline. We experiment with both generic public relation extraction datasets and a new biomedical causal sentence detection dataset, a subset of which we make publicly available. We find that transfer learning helps only in very small datasets. With larger datasets, BIGRUATT reaches a performance plateau, then larger datasets and transfer learning do not help.
X-ray and radio studies of SNR CTB 37B hosting the magnetar CXOU J171405.7−381031

We present a Chandra and XMM–Newton study of the supernova remnant (SNR) CTB 37B, along with archival radio observations. In radio wavelengths, the SNR CTB 37B is an incomplete shell showing bright emission from the eastern side, while the X-ray morphology shows diffuse emission from regions surrounding the magnetar CXOU J171405.7–381031. We used archival H i absorption measurements to constrain the distance to the remnant and obtain D = 9.8 ± 1.5 kpc. The X-ray spectrum of the remnant is described by a thermal model in the 1–5 keV energy range, with a temperature of kT = 1.3 ± 0.1 keV. The abundances from the spectral fits are consistent with being solar or sub-solar. A small region of diffuse emission is seen to the southern side of the remnant, best fitted by a non-thermal spectrum with an unusually hard photon index of Γ = 1.3 ± 0.3. Assuming a distance of 9.8 kpc to the SNR, we infer a shock velocity of Vs = 915 ± 70 km s−1 and an explosion energy of E = (1.8 ± 0.6) × 1050 erg. The overall imaging and spectral properties of CTB 37B favour the interpretation of a young SNR (≲6200 yr old), propagating in a low-density medium under the assumption of a Sedov evolutionary phase.
Habitat Preferences of the Sympatric Barred Warbler (Sylvia nisoria) and the Red-Backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) Breeding in Central Poland

The phenomenon of creating a breeding association by the barred warbler (Sylvia nisoria) and the red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) was documented relatively long ago by several researchers. Some of the authors suggest that this phenomenon is a result of similar habitat requirements rather than a product of active selection. The main goal of this study was a quantitative analysis of differences and similarities in selection of breeding habitats by both species in the area of their sympatric occurrence. Research was carried out in the years 2009–2011 in the study plot located in the Middle Vistula Valley (central Poland). The red-backed shrike preferred shrubs and open areas, however, it avoided woods and waters. The only habitat strongly preferred by the barred warbler was bushes, and this species avoided waters, woods and open areas. Neither species nested in places with a thick tree concentration. Because of differences in their feeding strategy, as opposed to barred warblers, red-backed shrikes preferred habitats with low vegetation and a low concentration of shrubs. In nest location selection, the red-backed shrike clearly preferred hawthorns, whereas the barred warbler nested also in other species of bushes. As compared with warblers, shrikes more often preferred to nest in high bushes. The knowledge of the red-backed shrike's and the barred warbler's optimal habitat requirements can provide useful guidelines for future conservation projects involving these vulnerable birds.
Economic cycles and term structure: application to Brazil

The objective of this work is to describe the behavior of the economic cycle in Brazil through Markov processes which can jointly model the slope factor of the yield curve, obtained by the estimation of the Nelson-Siegel Dynamic Model by the Kalman filter and a proxy variable for economic performance, providing some forecasting measure for economic cycles
Curriculum-based transfer learning for an effective end-to-end spoken language understanding and domain portability

We present an end-to-end approach to extract semantic concepts directly from the speech audio signal. To overcome the lack of data available for this spoken language understanding approach, we investigate the use of a transfer learning strategy based on the principles of curriculum learning. This approach allows us to exploit out-of-domain data that can help to prepare a fully neural architecture. Experiments are carried out on the French MEDIA and PORTMEDIA corpora and show that this end-to-end SLU approach reaches the best results ever published on this task. We compare our approach to a classical pipeline approach that uses ASR, POS tagging, lemmatizer, chunker. and other NLP tools that aim to enrich ASR outputs that feed an SLU text to concepts system. Last, we explore the promising capacity of our end-to-end SLU approach to address the problem of domain portability.
SOME BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC VARIABLES CONTROLLING PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN HYPERTROPHIC LAKE (LAKE QARUN-EGYPT)

Primary productivity was measured monthly in Lake Qarun during 1993 using C technique and the annual average value was 105.5 mg Cm" h" . The study revealed that both biotic and abiotic variables have affected the primary productivity. Phytoplankton biomass, as biotic factor, was represented by total Chlorophyll a (annual average of 26 mg m" 3). Chlorophyll a was fractionated into two major groups based on their availability to herbivorous zooplankton; nanoplankton ( 20fi) or inedible algae. Nanoplankton was dominated and represented by about 69,4% of total phytoplankton, while netplankton was about 30.6%. Size fraction ratio was controlled by their relative size-specific growth rates not by herbivorous zooplankton. There was a linear relationship between the relative contribution of nanoplankton and total algal biomass (r=0.96, p>95). Primary productivity has been affected by nanoplankton more than any other biotic variable. Abiotic parameters (physical and chemical) were also studied and discussed in relation to its effect on primary productivity. The statistical analysis cleared that water temperature and NO3-N were the main factors regulating primary productivity among all ecological parameters tested.
Influence of Longer Range Transfer of Vapor Interface Modified Caging Constraints on the Spatially Heterogeneous Dynamics of Glass-Forming Liquids

Based on the Elastically Collective Nonlinear Langevin Equation theory of bulk relaxation in glass-forming liquids, and our recent ideas of how interface-nucleated modification of caging constraints are spatially transferred into the interior of a thick film, we present a force-based theory for dynamical gradients in thick films with one vapor interface that includes collective elasticity effects. Quantitative applications to the foundational hard sphere fluid and polymer melts of diverse fragilities are presented. We predict a roughly exponential spatial variation of total activation barrier which is non-perturbatively modified to ~10 particle diameters into film. This leads to prediction of a reduced alpha relaxation time gradient of a double exponential form characterized by a nearly constant spatial decay length, in qualitative accord with simulations. These spatially heterogeneous changes of the temperature variation of the alpha time result in a large and long-range gradient of the local glass transition temperature. An average interfacial layer thickness relevant to ensemble-averaged dielectric and other experiments is also computed. It is predicted to be rather large at the bulk glass transition temperature, decreasing roughly linearly with heating. Spatially inhomogeneous power law decoupling of the alpha relaxation time from its bulk value is predicted, with an effective exponent that decays to zero with distance from the free surface in a nearly exponential manner, trends which are in qualitative accord with recent simulations. This behavior and the double exponential alpha time gradient are related and can be viewed as consequences of an effective quasi-universal factorization of the total barrier in films into the product of its bulk temperature dependent value times a function solely of location in the film.
Nesting Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Habitat Site Selection and Management Using GIS

3 Introduction 4 Description of Study Area 5 Mallards and Habitat Selection 6 Social Considerations 7 Methods 8 Wetland Patches 8 Existing Reserves 8 Existing Development 9 Wetland Density 9 Protection Priorities 10 Acquisition Areas 10 Habitat Connectivity 11 Results 13 Recommendations 16 Discussion 17 Literary Citations 18 Tables and Figures 20 Appendix 34
Emotional stability and attributional style: Relationship and implications for research and practice

Personality traits have been shown to have significant impacts upon work performance, however the underlying nature of personality and the reasons for its impact have not been explained. One particular dimension of personality, Emotional Stability, has been shown to predict performance and has theoretical links with a cognitive process variable, attributional style. This study found a significant relationship between Emotional Stability and attributional style. Implications of these results for employee selection and training are discussed.
Recent changes in agrarian systems of the Microregion of Toledo and Northern Pioneer Territory in Paraná State, Brazil

Durante o periodo de 1950 a 2000, o modelo de desenvolvimento agricola pautado no conceito da revolucao verde e voltado sobretudo para a producao de commodities permitiu um aumento significativo na producao agricola global. A partir dos anos 70, este modelo foi consolidado no Brasil e em outros paises como resultado da combinacao de politicas e estrategias dos Estados e dos grandes grupos privados. A vigencia desse modelo tem suscitado duvidas sobre as suas consequencias ambientais e socioeconomicas, particularmente quando adotado em sistemas de agricultura familiar. O trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir no debate desse tema identificando as mudancas e resistencias nas estruturas agrarias, nos sistemas agricolas e em aspectos demograficos relacionados com a difusao desse modelo e sua adocao pelos agricultores. O estudo foi realizado no estado do Parana, na Microrregiao de Toledo e no Territorio Norte Pioneiro, areas que representam a historia e a diversidade paranaense em seus aspectos de desenvolvimento socioeconomico, humano e tecnico. Baseou-se na analise de dados estatisticos de censos agropecuarios (1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1996 e 2006), censos demograficos (1970, 1980, 1991, 2000 e 2010) e nos dados de producao agricola municipal (1980-2012). Os dados foram comparados entre as duas areas e analisados em alinhamento com as mudancas observadas no estado. Observa-se uma diminuicao do numero de estabelecimentos agropecuarios e da populacao rural, com a reducao, sobretudo, do numero de jovens e de mulheres. Os resultados mostram ainda uma grande reducao no numero de estabelecimentos entre 20 a 50 ha e o crescimento do numero de estabelecimentos de ate 2 ha, consequencias das mudancas no padrao tecnologico observadas no periodo e de atribuicoes oferecidas em periodo mais recente as zonas rurais, incorporadas como espaco de moradia e lazer. Observa-se ainda a expansao do cultivo de soja em ambas as regioes, porem com modalidades diferenciadas de insercao nos sistemas agricolas e, finalmente, a permanencia dos sistemas de agricultura familiar, apesar das intensas alteracoes observadas no periodo.
New Analytic Solutions for Galaxy Evolution: Gas, Stars, Metals, and Dust in Local ETGs and Their High-z Star-forming Progenitors

We present a set of new analytic solutions aimed at self-consistently describing the spatially averaged time evolution of the gas, stellar, metal, and dust content in an individual star-forming galaxy hosted within a dark halo of a given mass and formation redshift. Then, as an application, we show that our solutions, when coupled to specific prescriptions for parameter setting (inspired by in situ galaxy–black hole coevolution scenarios) and merger rates (based on numerical simulations), can be exploited to reproduce the main statistical relationships followed by early-type galaxies and their high-redshift star-forming progenitors. Our analytic solutions allow one to easily disentangle the diverse role of the main physical processes regulating galaxy formation, quickly explore the related parameter space, and make transparent predictions on spatially averaged quantities. As such, our analytic solutions may provide a basis for improving the (subgrid) physical recipes presently implemented in theoretical approaches and numerical simulations and can offer a benchmark for interpreting and forecasting current and future broadband observations of high-redshift star-forming galaxies.
GUE $\times$ GUE limit law at hard shocks in ASEP

We consider the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) on $\mathbb{Z}$ with initial data such that in the large time particle density $\rho(\cdot)$ a discontinuity (shock) at the origin is created. At the shock, the value of $\rho$ jumps from zero to one, but $\rho(-\varepsilon),1-\rho(\varepsilon) >0 $ for any $\varepsilon>0$. We are interested in the rescaled position of a tagged particle which enters the shock with positive probability. We show that, inside the shock region, the particle position has the KPZ-typical $1/3$ fluctuations, a $F_{\mathrm{GUE}}\times F_{\mathrm{GUE}}$ limit law and a degenerated correlation length. Outside the shock region, the particle fluctuates as if there was no shock. Our arguments are mostly probabilistic, in particular, the mixing times of countable state space ASEPs are instrumental to study the fluctuations at shocks.
An Odd Variant of Euler Sums

For positive integers $p_1,p_2,\ldots,p_k,q$ with $q>1$, we define the Euler $T$-sum $T_{p_1p_2\cdots p_k,q}$ as the sum of those terms of the usual infinite series for the classical Euler sum $S_{p_1p_2\cdots p_k,q}$ with odd denominators. Like the Euler sums, the Euler $T$-sums can be evaluated according to the Contour integral and residue theorem. Using this fact, we obtain explicit formulas for Euler $T$-sums with repeated arguments analogous to those known for Euler sums. Euler $T$-sums can be written as rational linear combinations of the Hoffman $t$-values. Using known results for Hoffman $t$-values, we obtain some examples of Euler $T$-sums in terms of (alternating) multiple zeta values. Moreover, we prove an explicit formula of triple $t$-values in terms of zeta values, double zeta values and double $t$-values. We also define alternating Euler $T$-sums and prove some results about them by the Contour integral and residue theorem. Furthermore, we define another Euler type $T$-sums and find many interesting results. In particular, we give an explicit formulas of triple Kaneko-Tsumura $T$-values of even weight in terms of single and the double $T$-values. Finally, we prove a duality formula of Kaneko-Tsumura's conjecture.
Using E-Leadership as a Strategic Tool in Enhancing Organizational Commitment of Virtual Teams in Foreign Commercial Banks in North West Bank -Palestine

Using information technologies in organizations has been one of the most important topics for numerous scholars in the business field. This manuscript aims to investigate the impact of using E-leadership as a strategic tool in enhancing the organizational commitment of virtual teams in foreign commercial banks in Northern West Bank in Palestine. Primary data was collected via questionnaires which distributed on virtual teams in foreign commercial banks in North West Bank - Palestine. Researchers used a purposive sample which is suitable to study objectives. The empirical model in this study illustrates the relationship among E leadership dimensions (i.e. Envision, engage, energize, empower, execute, and elastic), perceptions of organizational commitment. This manuscript employs simple regression analysis to examine the impact of E-leadership on organizational commitment. In addition, researchers use Pearson correlation matrix to identify the relationship between the six dimensions of E-leadership and organizational commitment. The result proves that positive impact of using E-leadership as a strategic tool in enhancing the organizational commitment of virtual teams in foreign commercial banks is significant. Also, finds that there is a positive significant relationship between E-leadership and its six dimensions with organizational commitment.
Analyzing the relationship between social anxiety, social support and problem solving approach of university students Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Kaygi, Sosyal Destek ve Problem Çözme Yaklaşimlari Arasindaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi *

The aim of this study was to determine whether or not social support and problem solving approach employed by university students predict their social anxiety. A total of 811 students (506 female and 305 male) students who continue their education in different faculties of Ahi Evran University and Selcuk University attended. The study data were collected using Social Anxiety Scale, Problem Solving Inventory and Social Support Scale. As a result of the study, there is a significant negative correlation of all the sub-dimensions of social anxiety with all the sub-dimensions of social support, and a significant positive correlation with problem solving approaches. It was determined that social support predicts social anxiety and problem solving approach together with social support predicts social anxiety at a significant lev el.
Factors Contributing to the Acceptance of Social Media as a Platform among Student Entrepreneurs: A Review

Social media has become a major development in e-commerce and a platform for student entrepreneurs, not only to sell goods and services but also to interact and connect with customers. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors contributing to the acceptance of social media as a platform among student entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Earlier studies on social media have mostly focused on how students use social media for academic purposes. However, limited research has been done on how students or young entrepreneurs use social media as a platform to operate their business. A modified ‘Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology’ (UTAUT) is used as the theoretical framework to examine the level of acceptance of social media as a platform among student entrepreneurs. The key factors that contribute to the acceptance of social media as a business platform are performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, and perceived enjoyment. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016. v7n2p42