Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-energy radiation monitoring based on radio-fluorogenic co-polymerization. I: small volume in situ probe

A method of radiation dosimetry is described which is based on the radiation-induced initiation of polymerization of a bulk monomer (e.g. methyl methacrylate) containing a small concentration (about 100 ppm) of a compound which is non-fluorescent but which becomes highly fluorescent when it is incorporated into a growing polymer chain of the bulk monomer. We call the overall process ‘radio-fluorogenic co-polymerization’ or RFCP for short. The method is illustrated by results on the in situ monitoring of the accumulated dose within the irradiation chamber of a cobalt-60 gamma-ray source using a small plastic capsule containing about 0.2 ml of an RFCP solution. Remote monitoring of the fluorescence is carried out on a timescale of seconds using optical fibres connecting the probe to a 360 nm LED excitation source and a miniature spectrophotometer. The fluorescence is permanent and the intensity is linearly proportional to the accumulated dose from a few tenths of a gray up to hundreds of gray. The sensitivity to dose depends on the polymerizable monomer used and obeys a square root dependence on dose rate over the range studied, 0.27–3.76 Gy min−1. The polymeric nature of the fluorescent product suggests that the RFCP effect could be used to provide fixed two- or three-dimensional fluorescent images of dose deposition in gel films or phantoms.
Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2006: results generated from European registers by ESHRE.

BACKGROUND In this 10th European IVF-monitoring (EIM) report, the results of assisted reproductive techniques from treatments initiated in Europe during 2006 are presented. Data were mainly collected from existing national registers. METHODS From 32 countries, 998 clinics reported 458 759 treatment cycles including: IVF (117 318), ICSI (232 844), frozen embryo replacement (FER, 86 059), egg donation (ED, 12 685), preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening (6561), in vitro maturation (247) and frozen oocytes replacements (3498). Overall this represents a 9.7% increase in activity since 2005, which is partly due to an increase in registers (seven more countries with complete coverage). European data on intrauterine insemination using husband/partner's (IUI-H) and donor (IUI-D) semen were reported from 22 countries. A total of 134 261 IUI-H and 24 339 IUI-D cycles were included. RESULTS In 20 countries, where all clinics reported to the IVF register, a total of 359 110 assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles were performed in a population of 422.5 million, corresponding to 850 cycles per million inhabitants. For IVF, the clinical pregnancy rates per aspiration and per transfer were 29.0 and 32.4%, respectively. For ICSI, the corresponding rates were 29.9 and 33.0%. After IUI-H the delivery rate was 9.2% in women below 40. After IVF and ICSI the distribution of transfer of one, two, three and four or more embryos was 22.1, 57.3, 19.0 and 1.6%, respectively. Compared with 2005, fewer embryos were replaced per transfer, but significant national differences in practice were apparent. The proportion of singleton, twin and triplet deliveries after IVF and ICSI combined was 79.2, 19.9 and 0.9%, respectively. This gives a total multiple delivery rates of 20.8% compared with 21.8% in 2005 and 22.7% in 2004. IUI-H in women below 40 years of age resulted in 10.6% twin and 0.6% triplet pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS Compared with previous years, the reported number of ART cycles in Europe has increased, pregnancy rates have increased marginally, even though fewer embryos were transferred and the multiple delivery rates have declined.
Further results on high-rate punctured convolutional codes for Viterbi and sequential decoding

The weight spectra of high-rate lpunctured convolutional codes are evaluated under the hypothesis of a low-rate structure. This interpretation yields results slightly different from those obtained when weight spectra are evaluated assuming a true high-rate structure for punctured codes. The search for long memory punctured codes is extended by providing new punctured codes of rates 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, and 7/8 with memories ranging from 9 to 19. >
Between Money and Love : Work-family Conflict Among Swedish Low-income Single Mothers

Research suggests that single mothers are an increasingly vulnerable group in Scandinavia. Drawing on in-depth interviews, this study takes a closer look at challenges faced by Swedish working-class and low-income single mothers. It explores how working conditions and economic resources influence their access to valued practices, such as the possibility to reconcile paid work and family commitments. It is assumed that discrepancies between mothers’ notions of good mothering and their ability to act in accordance with these values give rise to conflicts and dilemmas. Findings show that lack of financial resources and low control over their work situation significantly limited the mothers’ possibility to combine various responsibilities and to practice the kind of mothering they preferred. Furthermore, the opening hours of preschools frequently did not match the mothers’ working schedules, and they could often not effectively benefit from some of the social rights granted by the Swedish welfare state.
Silicon photonics

The silicon chip has been the mainstay of the electronics industry for the last 40 years and has revolutionized the way the world operates. Today, a silicon chip the size of a fingernail contains nearly 1 billion transistors and has the computing power that only a decade ago would take up an entire room of servers. As the relentless pursuit of Moore's law continues, and Internet-based communication continues to grow, the bandwidth demands needed to feed these devices will continue to increase and push the limits of copper-based signaling technologies. These signaling limitations will necessitate optical-based solutions. However, any optical solution must be based on low-cost technologies if it is to be applied to the mass market. Silicon photonics, mainly based on SOI technology, has recently attracted a great deal of attention. Recent advances and breakthroughs in silicon photonic device performance have shown that silicon can be considered a material onto which one can build optical devices. While significant efforts are needed to improve device performance and commercialize these technologies, progress is moving at a rapid rate. More research in the area of integration, both photonic and electronic, is needed. The future is looking bright. Silicon photonics could provide low-cost opto-electronic solutions for applications ranging from telecommunications down to chip-to-chip interconnects, as well as emerging areas such as optical sensing technology and biomedical applications. The ability to utilize existing CMOS infrastructure and manufacture these silicon photonic devices in the same facilities that today produce electronics could enable low-cost optical devices, and in the future, revolutionize optical communications
ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO HEPATITIS A IMMUNIZATION AMONG HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Seventy-one of 84 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children [84.5% (95% confidence interval: 75–91.5%)] were hepatitis A virus (HAV) seropositive after 2 doses of HAV vaccine. Higher CD4% and HIV suppression were significantly associated with increased HAV seropositivity rate. In multivariate analysis, CD4 ≥25% and young age were independent predictors of HAV seropositivity. Of 7 children given a third HAV vaccine dose because of negative HAV antibody after 2 doses, 2 (29%) became seropositive.
Diamon: a model-based troubleshooter based on qualitative reasoning

Diamon, a diagnosis and monitoring system for troubleshooting dynamic systems, is discussed. The Diamon algorithm combines consistency-based diagnosis with model-based monitoring by integrating technological parameter-based monitoring models and repair-oriented device-based diagnosis models. It uses an extension of Qsim to represent qualitative system models. Diamon can detect and localize a broad range of nonpermanent faults and thus extends traditional diagnosis, which deals exclusively with permanent faulty behavior. <<ETX>>
Embryogenesis: Pattern Formation from a Single Cell

During embryogenesis a single cell gives rise to a functional multicellular organism. In higher plants, as in many other multicellular systems, essential architectural features, such as body axes and major tissue layers are established early in embryogenesis and serve as a positional framework for subsequent pattern elaboration. In Arabidopsis, the apicalbasal axis and the radial pattern of tissues wrapped around it are already recognizable in young embryos of only about a hundred cells in size. This early axial pattern seems to provide a coordinate system for the embryonic initiation of shoot and root. Findings from genetic studies in Arabidopsis are revealing molecular mechanisms underlying the initial establishment of the axial core pattern and its subsequent elaboration into functional shoots and roots. The genetic programs operating in the early embryo organize functional cell patterns rapidly and reproducibly from minimal cell numbers. Understanding their molecular details could therefore greatly expand our ability to generate plant body patterns de novo, with important implications for plant breeding and biotechnology.
Corticothalamic feedback enhances stimulus response precision in the visual system

There is a tightly coupled bidirectional interaction between visual cortex and visual thalamus [lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)]. Using drifting sinusoidal grating stimuli, we compared the response of cells in the LGN with and without feedback from the visual cortex. Raster plots revealed a striking difference in the response pattern of cells with and without feedback. This difference was reflected in the results from computing vector sum plots and the ratio of zero harmonic to the fundamental harmonic of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for these responses. The variability of responses assessed by using the Fano factor was also different for the two groups, with the cells without feedback showing higher variability. We examined the covariance of these measures between pairs of simultaneously recorded cells with and without feedback, and they were much more strongly positively correlated with feedback. We constructed orientation tuning curves from the central 5 ms in the raw cross-correlograms of the outputs of pairs of LGN cells, and these curves revealed much sharper tuning with feedback. We discuss the significance of these data for cortical function and suggest that the precision in stimulus-linked firing in the LGN appears as an emergent factor from the corticothalamic interaction.
E6 and E7 from Beta Hpv38 Cooperate with Ultraviolet Light in the Development of Actinic Keratosis-Like Lesions and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Mice

Cutaneous beta human papillomavirus (HPV) types appear to be involved in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC); however, it is not entirely clear whether they play a direct role. We have previously shown that E6 and E7 oncoproteins from the beta HPV type 38 display transforming activities in several experimental models. To evaluate the possible contribution of HPV38 in a proliferative tissue compartment during carcinogenesis, we generated a new transgenic mouse model (Tg) where HPV38 E6 and E7 are expressed in the undifferentiated basal layer of epithelia under the control of the Keratin 14 (K14) promoter. Viral oncogene expression led to increased cellular proliferation in the epidermis of the Tg animals in comparison to the wild-type littermates. Although no spontaneous formation of tumours was observed during the lifespan of the K14 HPV38 E6/E7-Tg mice, they were highly susceptible to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) two-stage chemical carcinogenesis. In addition, when animals were exposed to ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation, we observed that accumulation of p21WAF1 and cell-cycle arrest were significantly alleviated in the skin of Tg mice as compared to wild-type controls. Most importantly, chronic UV irradiation of Tg mice induced the development of actinic keratosis-like lesions, which are considered in humans as precursors of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and subsequently of SCC in a significant proportion of the animals. In contrast, wild-type animals subjected to identical treatments did not develop any type of skin lesions. Thus, the oncoproteins E6 and E7 from beta HPV38 significantly contribute to SCC development in the skin rendering keratinocytes more susceptible to UV-induced carcinogenesis.
Eğitim kurumlarında şikâyet yönetimi: Ombudsmanlık raporlarının incelenmesi

This study aims to explore complaints about education-training services made to the ombudsman institution. For this purpose, ombudsman decision reports were examined in terms of the subject or issue of complaints, the type of institution complained, the complaints profile and complaints years. This study was designed according to the document analysis method of the qualitative research design. The data of current study drived from the complaints made to the ombudsman institution regarding education-training services from 2013 to 2015. The data of current study analysed via document analysis method. In data analysis, codes and categories were developed in accordance with the content analysis method. The decisions are coded in accordance with the following variables: the subject and date of the complaint; the institution complained about, the type of the funding of the institution and the stakeholder type of the complainant. As a result of this research, Regarding the type of the institutions, this study observed that citizens filed complaints most frequently against universities. According to the subject of the complaint, it was found that complaints were more frequent in the subject of planning, implementation and evaluation of education, administrative activities and right to education. Findings of this study indicated that the group who complained more frequently about educational institutions was internal stakeholders. According to the type of financing method of educational institutions, complaints concentrated in public-funded institutions. According to their subjects, complaints concentrated in the planning, administration and evaluation of exams; and complaints were observed in higher frequency in the areas of scholarship, learning loan, discrimination on behalf of a certain group, graduation and certificate. When the results of the research are taken into consideration, arrangements for measurement and evaluation, scholarship and learning loan, graduation and registration processes can be made in educational institutions. In this context, cooperation strategies with the ombudsman institution should be improved. On the other hand, among the educational institutions the universities most frequently complained and they mostly complained by their internal stakeholders and these complaints are often about to the university activities. When all these situations are taken into consideration, the ombudsman offices, in other word the university ombudsman offices can be established within the university for effective management.
ACC/AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins.

The voluntary withdrawal of cerivastatin (Baycol) from the U.S. market on August 8, 2001, by the manufacturer, in agreement with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has prompted concern on the part of physicians and patients regarding the safety of the cholesterol-lowering class of drugs called HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, more commonly known as “statins. ” This American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (ACC/AHA/NHLBI) Clinical Advisory is intended to summarize for professionals the current understanding of statin use, focused on myopathy, and to provide updated recommendations for the appropriate use of statins, including cautions, contraindications, and safety monitoring for statin therapy. Its purpose is not to discourage the appropriate use of statins, which have life-saving potential in properly selected patients, particularly those with established coronary heart disease (CHD) and others at high risk for developing CHD. Included are recent myopathy information compiled by the FDA, information from clinical trials, and summaries from the recently released report of the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). 1 In the literature, the general terminology used to describe muscle toxicity is inconsistent. Therefore, for the purpose of this document, the following terms are used as defined here: Myopathy —a general term referring to any disease of muscles; myopathies can be acquired or inherited and can occur at birth or later in life (Source: NINDS Myopathy Page-http://accessible.ninds.nih.gov/health\_and\_medical/disorders/myopathy.htm). Myalgia —muscle ache or weakness without creatine kinase (CK) elevation. Myositis —muscle symptoms with increased CK levels. Rhabdomyolysis —muscle symptoms with marked CK elevation (typically substantially greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal [ULN]) and with creatinine elevation (usually with brown urine and urinary myoglobin). Statins are powerful low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering drugs that are widely used in clinical practice. Results from clinical trials with a …
Pre-processing for Constrained Pattern Mining

Constraint pushing techniques have been proven to be effective in reducing the search space in the frequent pattern mining task, and thus in improving efficiency. But while pushing anti-monotone constraints in a level-wise computation of frequent itemsets has been recognized to be always profitable, the case is different for monotone constraints. In fact, monotone constraints have been considered harder to push in the computation and less effective in pruning the search space. In this paper, we show that this prejudice is ill founded and introduce ExAnte, a pre-processing data reduction algorithm which reduces dramatically both the search space and the input dataset in constrained frequent patterns mining. Experimental results show a reduction of orders of magnitude, thus enabling a much easier mining task. ExAnte can be used as a pre-processor with any constrained patterns mining algorithm.
Depth image based rendering with advanced texture synthesis

In free viewpoint television or 3D video, depth image based rendering (DIBR) is used to generate virtual views based on a textured image and its associated depth information. In doing so, image regions which are occluded in the original view may become visible in the virtual image. One of the main challenges in DIBR is to extrapolate known textures into the disoccluded area without inserting subjective annoyance. In this paper, a new hole filling approach for DIBR using texture synthesis is presented. Initially, the depth map in the virtual view is filled at disoccluded locations. Then, in the textured image, holes of limited spatial extent are closed by solving Laplace equations. Larger disoccluded regions are initialized via median filtering and subsequently refined by patch-based texture synthesis. Experimental results show that the proposed approach provides improved rendering results in comparison to the latest MPEG view synthesis reference software (VSRS) version 3.6 [1].
Multi-Differential Slightly Frequency-Shifted Reference Ultra-wideband (UWB) Radio

The frequency-shifted reference (FSR) ultra-wideband (UWB) communication scheme has been recently proposed by the authors. The key idea of the FSR-UWB system is to employ a reference signal that is slightly shifted in frequency from the data-bearing signal, and it has been shown that this results in a very simple receiver architecture. In particular, such a scheme obviates the need for the delay element that greatly complicates implementation of the receiver in standard transmitted reference UWB (TR-UWB) systems. In this paper, we propose a multi-differential FSR-UWB system, where multiple data carriers employ a single reference carrier. This modification essential increases the number of (differential) degrees of freedom available for signaling in the system. However, unlike most communication systems that provide such a dimensionality increase, the large ratio between the UWB system bandwidth and the carrier separation allows the multi-differential FSR-UWB to achieve this significant increase in signal space dimensionality over the standard FSR-UWB system with only a negligible increase in bandwidth. After a general performance characterization, applications to parallel data signaling, multidimensional signaling, and narrowband interference cancellation are considered that demonstrate the utility of the proposed scheme.
Recent Advances of VCSEL Photonics

A vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) was invented 30 years ago. A lot of unique features can be expected, such as low-power consumption, wafer-level testing, small packaging capability, and so on. The market of VCSELs has been growing up rapidly in recent years, and they are now key devices in local area networks using multimode optical fibers. Also, long wavelength VCSELs are currently attracting much interest for use in single-mode fiber metropolitan area and wide area network applications. In addition, a VCSEL-based disruptive technology enables various consumer applications such as a laser mouse and laser printers. In this paper, the recent advance of VCSEL photonics will be reviewed, which include the wavelength extension of single-mode VCSELs and their wavelength integration/control. Also, this paper explores the potential and challenges for new functions of VCSELs toward optical signal processing
Variation in vein density and mesophyll cell architecture in a rice deletion mutant population

There is a need to develop rice plants with improved photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in order to enhance potential grain yield. Alterations in internal leaf morphology may be needed to underpin some of these improvements. One target is the production of a ‘Kranz-like’ anatomy, commonly considered to be required to achieve the desired levels of photosynthesis seen in C4 crops. Kranz anatomy typically has two or three mesophyll cells interspersing adjacent veins. As a first step to determining the potential for such anatomical modifications in rice leaves, a population of rice deletion mutants was analysed for alterations in vein patterning and mesophyll cells in the interveinal regions. Significant variation is demonstrated in vein arrangement and the sequential distribution of major and minor veins across the leaf width, although there is a significant correlation between the total number of veins present and the width of the leaf. Thus the potential is demonstrated for modifying rice leaf structure. Six distinct rice mutant lines, termed altered leaf morphology (alm) mutants, were analysed for the architecture of their interveinal mesophyll cell arrangement. It is shown that in these mutant lines, the distance between adjacent minor veins and adjacent minor and major veins is essentially determined by the size of the interveinal mesophyll cells rather than changes in mesophyll cell number across this region, and hence interveinal distance changes as a result of cell expansion rather than cell division. This observation will be important when developing screens for traits relevant for the introduction of Kranz anatomy into rice. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)