Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Wagle Health-Specific Religiousness Scale

African American women have a lower rate of regular mammography screening, resulting in higher incidence of advanced-stage breast cancer at diagnosis and a lower 5-year survival rate as compared with white women. Researchers have demonstrated that several health beliefs relate to mammography screening in African American women, but little attention has been paid to the importance of religiousness. Although some authors have attempted to determine a link between religiousness and health, we lack a valid and reliable instrument to measure religiousness that can be found in the context of health behaviors. The purpose of this article is to describe the development and psychometric testing of the Wagle Health-Specific Religiousness (WHSR) scale, an instrument used to measure religious beliefs and the influence of those beliefs on mammography screening for African American women. A sample of 344 low-income African American women who were nonadherent to mammography at accrual participating in a randomized trial completed the WHSR. Data from this trial were used to determine the validity and reliability of the WHSR. The 19-item WHSR scale had a Cronbach &agr; of. 94. Construct validity was supported via factor analysis and analysis of theoretical relationships. Although further testing is warranted, this analysis indicates that the concept of religiousness is an important component of mammography behavior in African American women.
Pioglitazone promotes survival and prevents hepatic regeneration failure after partial hepatectomy in obese and diabetic KK‐Ay mice

Pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome–related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involves abnormal tissue‐repairing responses in the liver. We investigated the effect of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione derivative (TZD), on hepatic regenerative responses in obese, diabetic KK‐Ay mice. Male KK‐Ay mice 9 weeks after birth underwent two‐thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) after repeated intragastric injections of pioglitazone (25 mg/kg) for 5 days. Almost half of the KK‐Ay mice died within 48 hours of PH;however, mortality was completely prevented in mice pretreated with pioglitazone. In KK‐Ay mice, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation to hepatocyte nuclei 48 hours after PH reached only 1%; however, pioglitazone pretreatment significantly increased BrdU‐positive cells to 8%. Cyclin D1 was barely detectable in KK‐Ay mice within 48 hours after PH. In contrast, overt expression of cyclin D1 was observed 24 hours after PH in KK‐Ay mice pretreated with pioglitazone. Hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) messenger RNA (mRNA) was tremendously increased 1 hour after PH in KK‐Ay mice, the levels reaching ninefold over C57Bl/6 given PH, whereas pioglitazone blunted this increase by almost three‐fourths. Pioglitazone normalized hypoadiponectinemia in KK‐Ay mice almost completely. Serum interleukin (IL)‐6 and leptin levels were elevated extensively 24 hours after PH in KK‐Ay mice, whereas the levels were largely decreased in KK‐Ay mice given pioglitazone. Indeed, pioglitazone prevented aberrant increases in signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 phosphorylation and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)‐3 mRNA in the liver in KK‐Ay mice. Conclusion: These findings indicated that pioglitazone improved hepatic regeneration failure in KK‐Ay mice. The mechanism underlying the effect of pioglitazone on regeneration failure most likely involves normalization of expression pattern of adipokines and subsequent cytokine responses during the early stage of PH. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Dissociation and Symptoms of Culture-Bound Syndromes in North America: A Preliminary Study

The aim of this study was to determine whether classical culture-bound syndromes occur among psychiatric inpatients with dissociative disorders in North America. The Dissociative Trance Disorder Interview Schedule, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule were administered to 100 predominantly Caucasian, American, English-speaking trauma program inpatients at a hospital in the United States. The participants reported high rates of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse (87%), dissociative disorders (73%), and membership in the dissociative taxon (78%). They also reported a wide range of possession experiences and exorcism rituals, as well as the classical culture-bound syndromes of latah, bebainan, amok, and pibloktoq. Our data are consistent with the view that possession and classical culture-bound syndromes are predominantly dissociative in nature and not really culture-bound from the perspective of Caucasian, English-speaking America.
Response to Commentary by Adah Sachs on “Parent–Child Incest That Extends Into Adulthood: A Survey of International Press Reports, 2007–2011” and “Ongoing Incestuous Abuse During Adulthood”

Maybe she was twenty-five years of age; she was beautiful, attractive and in addition a painter, the first painter I ever knew. I remember having heard that she had been engaged but after some time had broken the engagement; I remember that she was almost invariably in the company of her widowed father. As I remember him, he was an old, uninteresting, and rather unattractive-looking man, or so I thought (maybe my judgement was somewhat biased by jealousy). Then one day I heard the shocking news: her father had died, and immediately afterwards she had killed herself and left a will which stipulated that she wanted to be buried together with her father. (Fromm, 1962, p. 4)
Nonstructural 3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus activates epithelial growth factor–induced signal transduction by cleavage of the T‐cell protein tyrosine phosphatase

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a worldwide major cause of chronic liver disease with a high tendency to establish a persistent infection. To permit persistent replication of viral genomes through the cellular translation machinery without affecting host cell viability, viruses must have developed mechanisms to control cellular cascades required for sufficient viral replication, on the one hand, and to adapt viral replication to the cellular requirements on the other hand. The present study aimed to further elucidate mechanisms by which HCV targets growth factor signaling of the host cell and their implications for viral replication. The study describes a novel mechanism by which HCV influences the activation of the epithelial growth factor receptor/Akt pathway through a nonstructural (NS)3/4A‐dependent down‐regulation of the ubiquitously expressed tyrosine phosphatase T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC‐PTP). NS3/4A is demonstrated to cleave TC‐PTP protease‐dependently in vitro at two cleavage sites. The in vivo relevance of this finding is supported by the fact that down‐regulation of TC‐PTP protein expression could also be demonstrated in HCV‐infected individuals and in transgenic mice with intrahepatic expression of NS3/4A. Conclusion: This down‐regulation of TC‐PTP results in an enhancement of epithelial growth factor (EGF)‐induced signal transduction and increases basal activity of Akt, which is demonstrated to be essential for the maintenance of sufficient viral replication. Hence, therapeutic targeting of NS3/4A may not only disturb viral replication by blocking the processing of the viral polyprotein but also exerts unforeseen indirect antiviral effects, further diminishing viral replication. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:1810–1820.)
Does Working with Child Abuse Cases Affect Professionals’ Parenting and the Psychological Well-Being of Their Children?

Work in the field of sexual abuse is extremely stressful and may arouse negative personal reactions. Although these secondary trauma effects are well described on a personal level, there is not enough evidence to understand whether these professionals carry these effects to their homes, families, and offspring. This study aims to identify the effects of working with child abuse cases on the anxiety level and parenting styles of childhood trauma workers and on their children’s well-being. A total of 43 health and legal system workers who worked with abused children in any step of their process and who had children constituted the study group, and 50 control cases, each working in the same institution and having the same occupation as 1 of the participants from the study group and having children but not working directly with children and child abuse cases, were included in the study. Participants were asked to fill out a sociodemographic form, the Parental Attitude Research Instrument, the trait portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and an age-appropriate form of the Child Behavior Checklist for each child they had. Professionals in the study working with child abuse cases demonstrated significantly higher democratic parenting attitudes. Law enforcement workers working with child abuse cases demonstrated stricter and more authoritarian parenting strategies, as well as more democratic attitudes, than their colleagues. There was not a statistically significant relationship between child abuse workers’ anxiety level and their children’s well-being among control subjects.
"Once You're 82 Going on 83, Surviving Has a Different Meaning": Older Breast Cancer Survivors Reflect on Cancer Survivorship

Background: Because the concept of cancer survivorship (CS) has become widely popularized, it is tempting to assume that all individuals treated for cancer will personally identify with the public term. This is the first investigation about the meaning of the taken-for-granted concept from the perspective of a group of older survivors. Objectives: How women 70 years or older who recently completed treatment for primary, early-stage breast cancer relate to concepts such as "cancer survivor" and "cancer survivorship. " Method: Data were collected and analyzed using constructivist grounded theory. Results: The majority of the 18 women, 70 to 94 years of age, did not self-identify as cancer survivors or identify with the phases of CS. Some had never heard of CS. Instead of perceiving CS as a discrete concept, the women used comparisons and self-judgments to contemplate how much they deserved the title, how they compared with real cancer survivors, and how they can be certain that they are cancer-free. Conclusions: Although the benefits of identifying as a cancer survivor may be self-evident to health care providers and researchers, the women did not simply accept the generic concept as part of their well-established personal identities. Cancer survivorship was an ambiguous concept that predated the women's cancer experience. Implications for Practice: The generic title of cancer survivor is here to stay because it is useful to advocates, consumers, providers, and researchers alike. However, "survivors" will be best served by providers and researchers who are aware that the concept is not organic but is learned from outside sources.
Deficits in Metacognitive Capacity Are Related to Subjective Distress and Heightened Levels of Hyperarousal Symptoms in Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Among persons with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the severity of symptoms and concurrent distress are not fully explained by trauma severity. Interest has consequently arisen in the psychological processes that cause distress and heighten PTSD symptoms. This study accordingly sought to examine whether differences in metacognitive capacity are related to levels of emotional distress, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal. Participants were 48 adults with a confirmed diagnosis of PTSD. Comparison groups included 51 adults with HIV and 183 with schizophrenia. Metacognition, emotion recognition, depression, and emotional distress and levels of avoidance/numbing and hyperarousal were assessed concurrently using the Metacognition Assessment Scale–Abbreviated, the Bell Lysaker Emotion Recognition Test, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Results revealed that the PTSD group had better ratings of overall metacognitive capacity than the schizophrenia group and specifically poorer levels of metacognitive mastery, or the ability to use metacognitive knowledge to respond to challenges, than the HIV group. Within the PTSD group, poorer metacognitive mastery was linked with greater distress and higher hyperarousal when depression was controlled for statistically. Emotion recognition was not linked with distress or symptom severity. Results are consistent with models in which symptom severity in PTSD is related to the extent to which persons can use knowledge of themselves and others to find ways to respond to distress that match their own unique needs.
Attitudes, Intentions, and Perceived Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Korean High School Girls and Their Mothers

Background: The vaccine to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer is now available. Parent's attitudes and intention toward HPV vaccination may be an important factor affecting a daughter's intention to receive an HPV vaccine. Objectives: This study examined the attitudes, intentions, and perceived barriers to HPV vaccination among Korean high school girls and their mothers. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational and comparative study was conducted with a convenience sample of 726 high school girls and 667 mothers. Results: Participants reported favorable attitudes toward HPV vaccination. Girls were more willing to receive the HPV vaccination if it was recommended by clinicians or parents than by friends or teachers. The major barriers to HPV vaccination were the high cost, the fact that not many people they knew had received the vaccination, and the HPV vaccination had not been personally recommended. Conclusions: More efforts to raise awareness about HPV vaccination and to minimize the barriers are required in this population. Implications for Practice: Active recommendations of the HPV vaccination by clinicians and parents would be helpful.
Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Early identification of persons with chronic HBV infection enables infected persons to receive necessary care to prevent or delay onset of liver disease, and enables the identification and vaccination of susceptible household contacts and sex partners, interrupting ongoing transmission. Testing has been recommended previously to enable primary prevention of HBV infection among close contacts for pregnant women, household contacts and sex partners of HBV‐infected persons, persons born in countries with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence of more than 8%, persons who are the source of blood or body fluid exposures that might warrant postexposure prophylaxis (e.g., needlestick injury to a healthcare worker or sexual assault), and to enable appropriate treatment for infants born to HBsAg‐positive mothers and persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Recently, with the increasing availability of efficacious hepatitis B treatment, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published new recommendations for public health evaluation and management for chronically infected persons and their contacts and extended testing recommendations to include persons born in geographic regions with HBsAg prevalence of greater than 2%, men who have sex with men, and injection drug users. Patient and provider education, developing partnerships between health departments and community organizations, and other resources will be needed to assure appropriate populations are tested and care provided for persons newly identified as HBsAg‐positive. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:S35–S44.)
Shifting the focus: Nonpathologizing approaches to healing from betrayal trauma through an emphasis on relational care

ABSTRACT As the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders has become increasingly medicalized (Conrad & Slodden, 2013), consideration for the relational nature of trauma has been minimized in the healing process. As psychiatrist R. D. Laing (1971) outlined in his essays, the medical model is an approach to pathology that seeks to find medical treatments for symptoms and syndromes based on categorized diagnoses. We argue that such a model implicitly locates the pathology of trauma within the individual instead of within the person(s) who perpetrated the harm or the social and societal contexts in which it took place. In this article, we argue that this framework is pathologizing insofar as it both prioritizes symptom reduction as the goal of treatment and minimizes the significance of relational harm. After providing a brief overview of betrayal trauma (Freyd, 1996) and the importance of relational processes in healing, we describe standard treatments for betrayal trauma that are grounded in the medical model. In discussing the limitations of this framework, we offer an alternative to the medicalization of trauma-related distress: relational cultural therapy (e.g., Miller & Stiver, 1997). Within this nonpathologizing framework, we highlight the importance of attending to contextual, societal, and cultural influences of trauma as well as how these influences might impact the therapeutic relationship. We then detail extratherapeutic options as additional nonpathologizing avenues for healing, as freedom to choose among a variety of options may be particularly liberating for people who have experienced trauma. Finally, we discuss the complex process of truly healing from betrayal trauma.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in outpatients with depression: Still a missed diagnosis

ABSTRACT Comorbidity between major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-established fact but has been studied little among MDD patients and even less among outpatients. We assessed the prevalence and characteristics of comorbid MDD–PTSD patients in a sample of MDD outpatients in an effort to elucidate possible causes of MDD–PTSD comorbidity. A semistructured clinical interview was applied to 101 outpatients with MDD. Sociodemographic factors, psychiatric history, the presence of PTSD, and MDD–PTSD comorbidity were recorded. The prevalence of MDD–PTSD comorbidity was 38.6%, with 26.7% suffering currently from PTSD. The average duration of PTSD was 16 years, and in most cases (79.5%) PTSD started earlier than or simultaneously with MDD. Only 28.8% of patients with PTSD had a documented diagnosis in their medical record. The most significant factors predicting MDD–PTSD comorbidity were found to be chronic depression, a history of prolonged or repeated trauma, male gender, a younger age at onset of psychological symptoms, lower education, and a lower level of functioning. Our findings indicate that MDD–PTSD comorbidity still remains an overlooked fact. Prolonged trauma seems to be a major risk factor for MDD–PTSD comorbidity, predisposing subjects to PTSD and later on or simultaneously to comorbidity with MDD.
Nausea and Vomiting Perspectives Among Children Receiving Moderate to Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy Treatment

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are common adverse effects, but occurrences among pediatric oncology patients are not well documented. Objective: The primary aim was to describe anticipatory, acute, and delayed CINV among children with cancer from the child’s, caregiver’s, and nurse’s perspective. A secondary aim evaluates the correlation of CINV among the child’s, caregiver’s, and nurse’s perspectives. Methods: CINV perspectives were evaluated before, during, and after a single course of highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. CINV were evaluated among 40 pediatric cancer patients using the Adapted Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting for Pediatrics, among their caregivers using the Adapted Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting for Parents, and among their nurses using the National Cancer Institute Nausea and Vomiting Grading Criteria. Results: CINV were reported by the patient, caregiver, and nurse at all times, with the most frequent reports occurring in the delayed period. Patient’s mean total nausea and vomiting scores increased significantly over time. Patient reports of anticipatory, acute, and delayed CINV correlated with caregiver and nurse reports except for anticipatory nausea between the nurse and patient. Conclusions: CINV occurred throughout the chemotherapy course, with delayed CINV occurring most frequently and with greater severity and distress. Caregiver CINV reports correlated closely with patient reports. Implications for Practice: Nurses need to be aware of the frequency, severity, and distress of CINV throughout the chemotherapy regimen. CINV can occur before and after chemotherapy treatment and should be assessed so that appropriate interventions can be implemented.
Evaluating Thyroid Nodules: The Roles of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Intraoperative Consultation

The pathologist plays an instrumental role in evaluating thyroid lesions. Under optimal conditions, accurate diagnosis of thyroid masses would allow for the appropriate surgical treatment in one visit to the operating room. Historically, the initial pathologic examination of thyroid lesions was intraoperative frozen section. The advent of and widespread acceptance of fine needle aspiration cytology has altered the approach to thyroid lesions. Pathologists, endocrinologists, and surgeons have long debated the advantages and disadvantages of these two techniques with respect to each other. This review compares the two procedures and examines the benefits and shortcomings of both procedures as they relate to surgical planning, patient morbidity, diagnostic accuracy, and potential pitfalls.
Men’s Sexual Issues After Breast Cancer in Their Wives: A Qualitative Study

Background: Husbands of women with breast cancer may experience problems in their sexual relationships with their wives. Adjustment to sexual issues can be affected by cultural norms and beliefs. Understanding men’s perceptions and responses to their new sexual status after diagnosis of their wife’s disease and during its treatment may help clinicians to better support the couple. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the sexual issues of Iranian men after breast cancer in their wives. Methods: A qualitative research method based on the grounded theory approach was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sampling of Iranian men experiencing breast cancer in their wives. Data analysis was based on the constant comparative method. Results: Eighteen men were interviewed. Five main themes emerged: sexual relationship changes, sexual avoidance, sexual abstinence, sexual restraint, and efforts to normalize the relationship. Conclusions: The participants experienced problems in their sex lives. Because cultural and religious beliefs were important factors affecting the men’s sexual adjustment, health system providers should encourage husbands to tolerate and adjust to their sexual issues in the context of their culture and religion. Implications for Practice: The findings of this study could help nurses and other healthcare professionals recognize sexual issues in the husbands of women with breast cancer and promote the couples’ healthy sexual life.