Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PATTERN OF X-RAY SCATTERING BY THERMAL PHONONS IN SI

Intensity distribution of x-ray scattering by thermal phonons in Si was recorded using synchrotron undulator radiation. A high-energy beam sent through a Si(111) wafer in a transmission Laue geometry yielded a threefold symmetric pattern for the scattering cross section with rich details governed by phonon dispersion, population, and polarization.
Antibacterial Activity of Rhizomes Essential Oils of Two Types of Cyperus articulatus Growing in Nigeria

4 Abstract: The present study seeks to evaluate and compare the medicinal relevance of the red and black types of Cyperus articulates L (Cyperaceae) essential oils against some clinically identified strains of bacteria. Pulverized rhizomes (500 g) of red and black types of C. articulatus were separately hydrodistilled to obtain rhizome essential oils. The two samples afforded 0.62 and 0.60% v/w yield respectively. In vitro antibacterial activities of the two oils were separately evaluated against ten bacteria. The essential oil of the red type was active against Bacillus megaterium (MIC 0.2 µg/ml) and Strepococcus pyogenes (MIC 1.0 µg/ml). Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Serratia marcescens were equally sensitive to the oil, with MICs of 1.0, 2.0 and 2.0 µg/mL respectively. For the oil of black type, Bacillus megaterium, Stretococcus pyogene, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereus showed inhibition at MICs of 0.1, 0.2, 0.2 and 0.2 µg/mL respectively. Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Serratia marcescens were equally sensitive to the oil of the black type with MICs of 0.1, 0.5, 2.0 and 2.0 µg/mL respectively. Susceptible organisms were more sensitive to the oil of black type than the oil of the red type. Interestingly, the Gram negative bacteria were more susceptible to both oils than the Gram positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have shown sensitivity to the two oils, whereas, this sensitivity was not detected through the disc diffusion method. The results suggest that the essential oils of the red and black types of C. articulates can serve as a good cut for the formation of some antimicrobial drugs.
Integrated Time and Distance Line Cartogram: a Schematic Approach to Understand the Narrative of Movements

To understand the nature of movement data, we introduce an alternative visual representation looking at paths from different perspectives. The movements and their stops are schematized into lines. These are distorted based on time or distance by applying line cartogram principles to answer specific location- or time-based questions. A prototype consisting of multiple linked views, including the line cartograms and a map, is implemented in a web environment using D3.js. It allows one to explore the nature of single or multiple movements. The option to compare multiple movements gives the solution its unique character. A preliminary evaluation of the product shows it is able the answer questions related to time and space accordingly.
Genetic diversity of village chickens in Central Black Sea Region and commercial chickens in Turkey by using microsatellite markers

Local chicken populations in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey have been intensively affected by governmental poultry culling due to avian influenza outbreak risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of indigenous chicken populations raised in the Central Black Sea Region in order to assess genetic structures of these populations and to determine genetic relationships between the study populations and certain commercial chicken genotypes. Genotypic diversity of 45 Turkish village chicken populations located in 5 provinces in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey and 2 commercial hybrid populations were compared using 28 autosomal microsatellite loci. In total, 363 alleles were observed within 47 populations in 28 microsatellite loci. These loci showed 12.96 ± 4.97 alleles per locus and the mean number of alleles per population was 2.33 ± 0.19. The most polymorphic locus was LEI0234 with 28 alleles and 0.944 polymorphism information content (PIC) value. The least polymorphic locus was LEI0192 with 6 alleles and 0.720 PIC value. The results suggested that despite the extensive culling the studied local chicken populations showed a high genetic diversity compared to commercial hybrid populations.
Response to Divergent Selection for 35-Day Bodyweight and Realized Heritabilities over Two Generations in Japanese Quails

Selection for high (H) and low (L) body weight (BW) at 35 days of age in Japanese quail was practiced for 2 generations. The base population was a random bred population obtained from the National Veterinary Research Institute in Jos, Nigeria. Realized heritability for BW at 35 day of age for H and L males in the 2nd generation was 0.43 and 0.35 respectively, while they were 0.50 and 0.55 (respectively) for the H and L females. Body weight of the 2nd generation H and L females were 118.64 and 45.44g respectively, and that of control is 82.96g. Similar weights for the males were 120.2, 47.43 and 78.64g for the H, L and C line respectively in the 2nd generation. The H and L lines diverged significantly (P< 0.05) in body weight at 35- days of age through the two generations of selection, while the control line was intermediate to the selected lines for bodyweight. The results indicate that the base population is amenable to improvement through selection. Key words: body weight, high line, low line, control line, Japanese quails.
The Tsagaan Oloom Formation, southwestern Mongolia

The Tsagaan Oloom Formation (Fm.) in southwestern Mongolia contains two Neoproterozoic glacial deposits, with diamic- tite in the Maikhan Ul Member (Mb.) and in the Khongoryn Mb. , which are separated by over 500 m of limestone. The Maikhan Ul Mb. ranges in thickness between 5 m and greater than 300 m, expanding in deeper-water sections towards the SW, where it is composed of two massive diamictites separated by over 100 m of sandstone, siltstone and shale. The basal 10 m of the overlying Tayshir Mb. of the TsagaanOloomFm.consistsofafine-laminated,dark greylimestone. TheKhongorynMb.iscomposedprimarily oflimestone clasts ina shalematrix,andisbetween0and23 mthick.TheoverlyingOlMb. containssedimentarystructurescharacteristicofbasalEdiacarancap carbonates includingmicropeloids, tubestonestromatolites, giantwave ripplesand formeraragonitecrystal fans.U-Pbevaporationages from zircons in the underlying Dzabkhan Volcanics constrain the Tsagaan Oloom Fm. to ,773 Ma, and tuffs within the Maikhan Ul and Tayshir memberstestify to the potential for additional geochronology. The Cryogenian organic-richlimestone of the Tayshir Mb. , which lies between the two glacial deposits, is ideally suited for geochemical studies and has been the subject of several carbon, strontium and rare earth element investigations. Limited palaeomagnetic studies suggest a mid- to low-latitude position of the Dzabkhan platform during deposition of the glaciogenic strata, and additional studies are in progress.
Corporate Governance and Firm Value: Evidence from the Korean Financial Crisis

We show that during the 1997 Korean financial crisis, chaebol firms with higher ownership concentration by unaffiliated investors experience a smaller reduction in their share value. Firms with higher disclosure quality and alternative sources of external financing also suffer less. In contrast, chaebol firms with concentrated ownership by controlling family shareholders experience a larger drop in the value of their equity. Firms in which the controlling shareholders' voting rights exceed their cash flow rights, borrow more from the main banks, and are highly diversified also have lower returns. Finally, we find that downsizing (diversifying expansionary) actions during the crisis have a positive (negative) effect on the value of chaebol firms. Our results suggest that change in firm value during such a crisis is a function of firm-level differences in corporate governance measures and owner-manager incentives.
Surface wave tomography in the European and Mediterranean region

SUMMARY We present a new surface-wave tomographic study of the broad European and Mediterranean region. Our goal is to enhance the resolution of previously published group velocity models using new data from European permanent seismic networks and a dense broad-band array in Northern Apennines (RETREAT). We measure fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love wave group velocities from long-period seismograms recorded at regional distance (between 600 and 7000 km). Our measurement technique is based on iterative application of multiple filters and phase-matched filters; we accurately estimate dispersion curves for more than 1500 Rayleigh wave and about 850 Love wave paths in the period range 35–170 s. Consistency of measurements is evaluated by comparing ray clusters from sample earthquakes to closely spaced RETREAT stations. In the whole data set, measurement errors in group velocity decrease with increasing distance and show to be caused by inaccuracy in the estimate of group arrival time. We calculate maps of Love and Rayleigh group velocity at selected periods by linear tomographic inversion, accounting for group arrival time errors and evaluating a posteriori group slowness errors. Data coverage in this region is not uniform, and it is highly influenced by the uneven distribution of earthquakes and seismic stations. We therefore build a laterally heterogeneous reference model by inverting a global data set of group velocity derived from the phase velocity library of Ekstr¨
Strategy tools: who really uses them?

Purpose – The paper complements other published material on strategy tools by presenting a picture of how practicing managers use tools and concepts in strategy activity.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on interviews with a diverse set of managers. The interviews explored how these managers used tools in a chosen strategy activity.Findings – The paper presents a profile of how managers use tools that refines and challenges existing studies. Writing on strategy tools often implies strict application of the tools. In practice, managers take parts from different tools and mould them to suit pre‐existing business objectives and processes. This requires them to have a wide knowledge of tools and to reflect on them critically. Managers use tools as a source of inspiration as much as for communication or for facilitating initiatives. When looking to extend their knowledge, they seek new ideas, not packaged solutions.Practical implications – The implication for managers is to focus on reconstructing .
Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum Case-based Surveillance at the Two MajorUniversity Teaching Hospital South Western Nigeria. A Comparative Study

Guidelines focusing on National core indicators tools and methodology for monitoring and evaluating of Roll Back Malaria in Nigeria, in conformity with other countries in Africa region has been developed. Blood samples were collected from the fingers pricked of 200 patients (100 from each Hospital) who visited either of the two university teaching hospital (Obafemi Awolowo University (OAUTHC) and university college hospital (UCH), Nigeria). Malarial diagnostic testing was done where P. falciparum antigen were detected using Rapid Test Kit (Germany) agglutination assay followed by microscopy. All data generated was presented with Chi-square description Statistical Analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0 for windows. Difference were shown to be statistically significant where p 40 (4.0%), the prevalence rate increased among female which contributed 9 (12.2%). Non-drug compliance individuals 27 (11.1%). To speed progress towards our global malaria goals, there is need for advocating new and improved malaria-fighting tools. Greater investments are needed in the development of new vector control interventions, improved diagnostics and more effective medicines.
Assortative Mating in Ixodes Scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks? And Ixodes Scapularis Infest Male Deer More Often Than Female Deer at Savannah River Site, (Aiken, SC)

In this study we explored the hypothesis that the mitochondrial genetic diversity observed in Ixodes scapularis ticks in the Southeastern United States is maintained through assortative mating. The study of 319 couples of ticks collected in copula from deer at the Savannah River Site (Aiken, SC) showed that ticks assigned to mitochondrial (12SrDNA and d-loop genes) phylogenetic monophyletic clades do not chose their mating partner based on genetic similarity or genetic diversity. The genetic composition of couples did not differ significantly from random choice. Our data indicate that if genetic diversity is maintained in this tick population, this cannot be attributed to assortative mating. During this survey of the tick Ixodes scapularis collected from deer at the Savannah River Site (Aiken, SC) deer check stations, it became evident that this tick preferentially feeds on male deer. I. scapularis prevalence rates on male and female deer were compared and revealed that the sex bias was significant (p < 0.0001) and did not depend on deer weight (r = 0.143). Data also indicated that tick loads on deer were not directly related to tick density in the vegetation (r = 0.082), which is possibly due to the fact that specific sites where deer are killed during hunts do not always correspond to the normal deer range. INDEX WORDS: Assortative mating, Ixodes scapularis, male bias
Accessing the Relationship between Destination Image on Satisfaction and Loyalty in Jordan Curative Tourism

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between three key variables, namely Destination image, satisfaction and loyalty in curative tourism industry in Jordan. The seven dimensions of the Destination image employed in this study are travel environment, natural attractions, infrastructure, accessibility, outdoor activities, and price and value. 202 tourists visiting the Dead Sea in Jordan were used as the sample. The result of the study demonstrates that tourist satisfaction mediates the relationship between Destination image and loyalty.
On the economic and fiscal effects of infrastructure investment in Brazil

This article studies the productive impact of infrastructure investment in Brazil. Public-capital expenditures in the country have decreased continuously over the last two decades, and this paper shows the significant impact this has had on infrastructure stocks. Cointegration analysis is used to investigate the long-run association between output and infrastructure, the results being then used to study the short-run dynamic of these variables. Whether in the short or long run, the productive impact of infrastructure was found to be relevant. Other group of simulations studies the impact of expanding capital expenditures through debt finance on debt to GDP ratio as well as on public cash aow and net worth.
Stability, Sustainability, and Catastrophe: Applying Resilience Thinking to U.S. Agriculture

Resilience is closely related to notions of sustainability, but emphasizes unpredictable, dynamic environments. As conceptualized in engineering, hazards management, and ecology literature, part of resilience is adaptive capacity, the ability to react effectively to change over time in order to maintain a desirable system state. Agricultural policy has had the effect of undermining such adaptive capacity with its emphasis on stabilization. Using a resilience framework and Hurricane Katrina as an analogy, we suggest that the emphasis on stability and efficiency degrades agricultural system resilience in two ways: through reduced diversity in size and type of production, as well as reduced ability to change production regimes based on the primary operator’s judgment of social, environmental, and economic conditions; and, through the reduction of adaptive capacity by artificially stabilizing the system and eliminating feedback mechanisms that make adaptation possible. The resulting stagnation or loss of economic and political power lowers the resilience of the system and thus its long-term sustainability.
Macroscopic superpositions require tremendous measurement devices

We consider fundamental limits on the detectable size of macroscopic quantum superpositions. We argue that a full quantum mechanical treatment of system plus measurement device is required, and that a (classical) reference frame for phase or direction needs to be established to certify the quantum state. When taking the size of such a classical reference frame into account, we show that to reliably distinguish a quantum superposition state from an incoherent mixture requires a measurement device that is quadratically bigger than the superposition state. Whereas for moderate system sizes such as generated in previous experiments this is not a stringent restriction, for macroscopic superpositions of the size of a cat the required effort quickly becomes intractable, requiring measurement devices of the size of the Earth. We illustrate our results using macroscopic superposition states of photons, spins, and position. Finally, we also show how this limitation can be circumvented by dealing with superpositions in relative degrees of freedom.
Cross-sectional survey on prescribing patterns for food animal medications in Bangladesh

The aim of this study was to examine current prescribing patterns for food animal medications among veterinary hospitals in Bangladesh. We analyzed veterinary practice records and extracted data regarding medications prescribed for 626 cattle and 374 goats. Anthelmintics were the medications most often prescribed (465 patients [46.50%]), followed by antibiotics (425 patients [42.50%]) and nutritional supplements (140 patients [14.00%]). Sulfa drugs were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics (143 patients [33.65%]). Our results indicate that medication choice is not generally based on sensitivity testing. Following published guidelines for medication use will lead to more appropriate use of pharmaceuticals in the animal health care sector.
A Comparison of Different Time-Domain Techniques for Wave Propagation Problems

In this paper we compare the accuracy, efficiency and stability of different enhanced FDTD methods applied to a cylindrical cavity. The methods include conformal FDTD, hybrid FDTD-FEM and a finite volume type method. The results show that we can save a substantial amount of memory and execution time for complex geometries by using more sophisticated methods than FDTD on highly resolved grids.
Corrections to the apparent value of the cosmological constant due to local inhomogeneities

Supernovae observations strongly support the presence of a cosmological constant, but its value, which we will call apparent, is normally determined assuming that the Universe can be accurately described by a homogeneous model. Even in the presence of a cosmological constant we cannot exclude nevertheless the presence of a small local inhomogeneity which could affect the apparent value of the cosmological constant. Neglecting the presence of the inhomogeneity can in fact introduce a systematic misinterpretation of cosmological data, leading to the distinction between an apparent and true value of the cosmological constant. We establish the theoretical framework to calculate the corrections to the apparent value of the cosmological constant by modeling the local inhomogeneity with a ΛLTB solution. Our assumption to be at the center of a spherically symmetric inhomogeneous matter distribution correspond to effectively calculate the monopole contribution of the large scale inhomogeneities surrounding us, which we expect to be the dominant one, because of other observations supporting a high level of isotropy of the Universe around us. By performing a local Taylor expansion we analyze the number of independent degrees of freedom which determine the local shape of the inhomogeneity, and consider the issue of central smoothness, showing how the same correction can correspond to different inhomogeneity profiles. Contrary to previous attempts to fit data using large void models our approach is quite general. The correction to the apparent value of the cosmological constant is in fact present for local inhomogeneities of any size, and should always be taken appropriately into account both theoretically and observationally.
Suitability assessment of soils occurring on different landforms of Chittorgarh district, Rajasthan

Fifteen pedons, occurring on different landforms were studied in Chittorgarh district for their suitability assessment with reference to maize, wheat, groundnut, soybean, gram and mustard. In general, the soils occurring on gentle plains are moderately suitable for agricultural crops across the geomorphic units (i.e Eastern Rajasthan Uplands, Pathar and Bundelkhand Plateau and Malwa Plateau). Soils of steeper slope and hill tops of the three geomorphic units should be put under grassland and trees. Shallow depth, gravelliness, steep slope, lower organic carbon, lower available water capacity, etc are the productivity constraints in these geomorphic units.
Evaluating The Attachment Behaviour in During Puberty and Adulthood

The attachment behaviour, which begins to be established during infancy, may continue its influence all lifelong. In this period, the attachment developed between primary caregiver (usually the mother) and the baby, is inclined toward peers during puberty period. When she/he reaches adulthood, the partner with whom an emotional relationship is established takes the first place. These attachment patterns which continue without any basic change have an influence on several areas such as the personal and social life, professional relationships, stress control, physiological and psychological health, and cognitive development of an individual. Those who developed a safe attachment during their infancy can establish healthier relationships during their puberty period and adulthood and they are able to cope with the problems in their life better and experience less problem. On the contrary, the individuals who developed insecure attachment, experience problems with their relationships during their puberty period and adulthood, have problematic relationships and have difficulty in coping with the problems in their lives. Moreover, it is considered that insecure attachment has a role in the development of many psychopathologies during puberty and adulthood. In this respect, attachment patterns provide a general framework for the psychiatric applications in both childhood and adulthood. In this review, a general viewpoint is presented for the neurobiology of attachment, attachment behaviours during puberty and adulthood and the tests used to evaluate attachment within the scope of Bowlby’s attachment theory.
Thermal Buckling of Functionally Graded Beams

In this article, thermal stability of beams made of functionally graded material (FGM) is considered. The derivations of equations are based on the one-dimensional theory of elasticity. The material properties vary continuously through the thickness direction. Tanigawa's model for the variation of Poisson's ratio, the modulus of shear stress, and the coefcient of thermal expansion is considered. The equilibrium and stability equations for the functionally graded beam under thermal loading are derived using the variational and force summation methods. A beam containing six different types of boundary conditions is considered and closed form solutions for the critical normalized thermal buckling loads related to the uniform temperature rise and axial temperature difference are obtained. The results are reduced to the buckling formula of beams made of pure isotropic materials.