Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncoupling protein 3 and physical activity: the role of uncoupling protein 3 in energy metabolism revisited

Physical activity influences energy metabolism in human subjects by increasing activity-induced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate for several hours after exercise. On the other hand, physical activity increases mechanical energy efficiency, suggesting that trained subjects would need less energy for daily activities. The underlying mechanism by which physical activity influences energy metabolism is largely unknown. The skeletal muscle-specific homologue of uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, UCP3, could possibly play a major role in energy expenditure. UCP3 is, like UCP1, able to uncouple respiration from ATP production. A strong link or association between the UCP3 gene and energy metabolism was found. Furthermore, UCP3 mRNA expression is related to sleeping metabolic rate, and thyroid hormone, a powerful stimulator of energy expenditure, up regulates UCP3. Finally, mice overexpressing UCP3 are hyperphagic but lean. These findings indicated that UCP3 is related to energy metabolism and that UCP3 could have a role in the effect of physical activity on energy expenditure. Thus, acute exercise up regulates UCP3, whereas endurance training results in the down-regulation of UCP3 protein content. Only a minimal amount of physical activity is needed for down-regulation of UCP3. Moreover, there is very strong evidence that UCP3 is negatively related to mechanical energy efficiency, suggesting that the down-regulation of UCP3 with training increases mechanical energy efficiency. Taken together, although the exact function of UCP3 is still unknown, exercise and training studies clearly show that under certain circumstances UCP3 is strongly related to human energy metabolism, possibly as a secondary effect of its (yet) unknown primary function.
North Carolina dental hygienists' oral cancer knowledge and opinions: implications for education.

BACKGROUND Appropriately trained dental hygienists can participate in oral cancer (OC) control. METHOD We assessed knowledge of risk factors, diagnostic procedures, and opinions regarding OC education among 651 dental hygienists practicing in North Carolina using a mail survey. We constructed regression models of factors influencing high knowledge levels. RESULTS Most correctly identified tobacco and alcohol use as OC risk factors, and 52% felt their knowledge of OC was current; however, we identified gaps. Diagnostic knowledge was highest for those who were recent graduates or received continuing education in the last 5 years; 96% were interested in future continuing education. CONCLUSION Increased OC education content in dental hygiene curricula and training programs for practicing hygienists is needed to enhance early detection of OC.
(Optimization of Steel Arch Bridge Utilizing Genetic Algorithm)

This study investigated the effect of strain on hole mobility and hole effective mass in a p-channel rectangular nanowire with two-dimensional confinement. We obtained the valence energy band structure using the six-band k.p method and calculated the mobility and effective mass of the hole in the [100] direction taking the strain effect into account in the inversion region. The hole mobility of strained silicon was calculated using Kubo-Greenwood formalism. As a result, it showed good performance compared to relaxed silicon, but its magnitude was insignificant.
Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus persistency in 12 Holstein cattle dairy herds of Charlottetown, Canada.

The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistency was examined in 12 Holstein dairy herds in Charlottetown, Canada, from Feb. 2009 to Oct. 2009. A total of 469 serum and ear notch biopsy pairs were collected. Depending upon the age and vaccination status, the sampled animals were divided into three groups, A, B1 and B2. Group A consisted of 146 animals originating from 4 herds (≤ 6 month of age, FN1, FN2, FN3, FN4), group B1 comprised 267 animals representing 5 vaccinated herds against BVDV (≥ 6 months of age, FV1, FV2, FV3, FV4, FV5), whereas, 56 samples were taken from 3 BVDV non-vaccinated herds of group B2 (≥ 6 months of age, FN5, FN6, FN7). All the animals were pre-screened through serum neutralization test (SNT), whereas, all ear notch biopsies of group A (n =146) and only of those animals of group B1 (n = 15) and B2 (n = 37) which had SN titer ≤ 1:64 were processed to confirm the BVDV persistent infection. Only five animals were found positive originating from group A (n = 3) and B1 (n = 2) during first sampling. Upon follow up testing, two animals from each of group A and B1 remained positive confirming persistent infection (PI). A prevalence of 0.85% and 2.03% was observed in all the collected and pre screened animals, respectively. The results obtained in this study, demonstrates that the prevalence of PI animals in dairy herds of Prince Edward Island is similar to that, reported from other surveys carried out in other countries. This prevalence PI animals with BVDV in Holstein dairy herds of Charlottetown, Canada, reveal the necessity of further studying BVDV infection in the area.
Chronic disease in former college students. IX. Characteristics in youth that predispose to suicide and accidental death in later life.

A REPORT on former students who entered Harvard University or the University of Pennsylvania from 1926 through 1950 identified a complex of host and environmental characteristics that distinguished eventual suicides from their classmates.1 These characteristics included familial, physical, social, and psychological traits recorded during college years. Dominant among the distinguishing familial characteristics of eventual suicides was paternal deprivation through early loss or death of the father. Physically, the suicides tended to be of average stature (neither short nor tall), weighed less for their height, and were more prone to allergies. Socially, they were more apt to smoke cigarettes, less often joined in extracurricular activities or athletics, and more often became college dropouts. Self-assessed psychological traits revealed configurations of self-consciousness, anxiety, and mood swings. Observations have now been updated and extended to earlier classes at Harvard, affording larger sample size and broader age range of subjects for study of events predisposing to suicide. Precursive characteristics are examined for their individual and collective effects on risk of self-destruction. Parallel analyses are made for former students reported to have died from accidental causes. Similarities and contrasts of the suicides and accident decedents are identified in terms of familial, social, and psychological precursive characteristics.
Dyslexia: The evolution of a scientific concept

Abstract In the past 25 years, scientific understanding of dyslexia and other learning disabilities has seen rapid progress in domains involving definition and classification, neuropsychological correlates, neurobiological factors, and intervention. I discuss this progress, emphasizing the central organizing influence of research and theory on basic academic skills on identification and sampling issues. I also emphasize how neuropsychological approaches to dyslexia have evolved and the importance of an interdisciplinary perspective for understanding dyslexia. (JINS, 2009, 15, 501–508.)
Perceptual Quality Assessment of Smartphone Photography

As smartphones become people’s primary cameras to take photos, the quality of their cameras and the associated computational photography modules has become a de facto standard in evaluating and ranking smartphones in the consumer market. We conduct so far the most comprehensive study of perceptual quality assessment of smartphone photography. We introduce the Smartphone Photography Attribute and Quality (SPAQ) database, consisting of 11,125 pictures taken by 66 smartphones, where each image is attached with so far the richest annotations. Specifically, we collect a series of human opinions for each image, including image quality, image attributes (brightness, colorfulness, contrast, noisiness, and sharpness), and scene category labels (animal, cityscape, human, indoor scene, landscape, night scene, plant, still life, and others) in a well-controlled laboratory environment. The exchangeable image file format (EXIF) data for all images are also recorded to aid deeper analysis. We also make the first attempts using the database to train blind image quality assessment (BIQA) models constructed by baseline and multi-task deep neural networks. The results provide useful insights on how EXIF data, image attributes and high-level semantics interact with image quality, how next-generation BIQA models can be designed, and how better computational photography systems can be optimized on mobile devices. The database along with the proposed BIQA models are available at https://github.com/h4nwei/SPAQ.
Investigation of the Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Turkish Language and Literature Teachers in Practicing Constructivist Approach in Terms of Various Variables

It is a scientifically and developmentally undeniable reality that the educational activities that guide education and training activities and aim to raise the nation according to the requirements of the age and keep up with the necessary arrangements for this purpose. With the periodic developments in the world, the transformation in the philosophy of education and understanding of education has brought along the application of new approaches and understandings in education. The constructivist approach that started to be applied in education with these developments is also one of the new educational approaches. Constructivist understanding is defined as a process in which students are actively involved in educational activities and new information is built on pre-learning. Constructivism is a contemporary understanding that covers all kinds of practices that the student can actively engage in the learning process, and it emphasizes that education can be successful to the extent that it can serve individual differences. It has been fifteen years since the practices on constructivism started to be implemented in our country. During this period and as a point reached, it is a question of how much this understanding is applied. With this research, it is aimed to examine the self-efficacy beliefs of Turkish language and literature teachers towards applying constructivist approach in terms of various variables.
Allelic loss at the D9S171 locus on chromosome 9p13 is associated with progression of papillary renal cell carcinoma

Papillary renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have characteristic clinical and morphological features that separate them from the more common clear cell RCCs. The details of the molecular changes in papillary RCC progression are not well understood. In this study, four highly polymorphic microsatellite markers [D9S970 (9p12–9p13), D9S171 (9p13), D9S1748 (9p21) and D9S156 (9p21)] were used to determine the frequency and prognostic significance of 9p deletions in 37 papillary RCCs. Allelic deletions were detected in eight cases (22%). The highest rate of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was observed in 6 of 29 informative patients (21%) at the D9S171 locus on 9p13. Only two patients displayed allelic loss at D9S1748, which resides in close proximity to p16INK4. Two of 24 informative papillary RCCs (8%) showed LOH for D9S970. LOH at D9S171 (9p13) was associated with short patient survival (p=0.008), independently of tumour grade and stage. These data suggest a tumour suppressor gene centromeric to 9p21 that may contribute to papillary RCC progression. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AN UPDATE IN OBSTETRIC ANAESTHESIA

There is generally good news on the subject of maternal mortality. Worldwide there has been a 34% decrease in the number of women dying in pregnancy and childbirth since 1990, with haemorrhage remaining the leading cause of death worldwide. In developed countries, key reports have emerged from both the UK and NZ. The 2006-2008 UK CMACE report documents a decreased number of maternal deaths, mainly due to a fall in deaths related to thromboembolism after vaginal birth and from haemorrhage. Of note is that sepsis became the leading direct cause of maternal death and the report highlighted the need for modified early warning charts and prompt recognition with aggressive, skilled management of these women in a multidisciplinary environment. Also, the CMACE report highlighted the important position of anaesthetists in the management of unwell women, with close to 50% of deaths receiving care from anaesthetists.
Compact, Microstrip-Based Folded-Shorted Patches: PCB antennas for use on microsatellites.

A compact printed circuit board (PCB) antenna for use on microsatellites was designed and measured for ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) low-data-rate communication applications. The miniaturized and fully integrated antenna structure consists of an array of four linearly polarized folded-shorted-patch elements placed in a sequential rotation with a coupler-based feeding circuit to achieve circular polarization (CP). The dimensions of the fabricated and measured PCB antenna are 0.2&lambda;<sup>0</sup> x 0.2&lambda;<sup>0</sup> x 0.05&lambda;<sup>0</sup>. The measured gain values are greater than 0.4 dBiC at 398 MHz. A design procedure for the microstrip-based antenna is provided along with a transmission line model that accurately predicts the operation and resonant frequency of the miniaturized patches. Numerical calculations agree with the full-wave simulations as well as the antenna measurements, which demonstrate functionality. The miniaturized, low-cost antenna unit can be useful for space communications and other surveillance applications as well as network formations of small satellites where broad-beam patterns with low gain values are required for adequate coverage.
Myelomatous involvement of the dura mater: a rare complication of multiple myeloma

A case of myelomatous involvement of the dura mater is reported. The patient presented with blurring of vision in the right visual field and left sided facial numbness. A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the head revealed extensive infiltration of the dura mater. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed no plasmacytosis and although there was a raised CSF protein concentration, no paraprotein band was detected, despite the presence of serum paraprotein. The infiltration of the dura mater is likely to have arisen by spread from contiguous bone lesions, contrasting with the pattern of spread seen in myelomatous involvement of the leptomeninges, which probably occurs through haematogenous seeding of the meninges. Leptomeningeal involvement is associated with a very poor prognosis; however, this patient had a favourable response to combined chemotherapy and cranial radiotherapy, suggesting that myelomatous involvement of the dura mater should be considered as a distinct complication of myeloma.
CTX-M-14, a Plasmid-Mediated CTX-M Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Isolated from Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Four Escherichia coli isolates harboring CTX-M-14, with a single Ala231→Val substitution compared to CTX-M-9, had three different ribotypes. Cefotaxime resistance was plasmid encoded and conjugatively transferable. Three isolates had the same plasmid restriction enzyme digestion profile, suggesting clonal spread of a resistant plasmid. A high kcat/Km value for cefotaxime (20.3 μM−1 s−1) but low values for ceftazidime and aztreonam (<0.02 μM−1 s−1) were observed in hydrolysis assays, indicating resistance to cefotaxime (MIC ⩾ 64 μg/ml) but susceptibility to ceftazidime (MIC ⩽ 2 μg/ml).
Laboratory tests for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

phocytes (39). These cells are crucial for the induction and regulation of the immune response. Their progressive depletion by the virus causes irreversible disruption of normal immune function, leading to immunosuppression and the subsequent development of AIDS (38). Early medical intervention reducestheriskofverticallytransmittedinfectionfrommother to infant (27a) and delays progression to AIDS (88). This necessitates early detection of the infection, which may be asymptomatic for a prolonged time (70). Infection can be established by direct or indirect laboratory tests. Direct tests detect the presence of the whole virus, its proteins, or its genetic components. They include the p24 antigen capture assay,viralculture,andPCR.Indirecttestsdetectthepresence of antibodies to HIV-1, thus indicating exposure to and infectionbythevirus.Theseincludeenzymeimmunoassay(EIA)or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting (WB; immunoblotting), indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA). This minireview describes the principles, characteristics, and indications for the use of indirect tests. Antibody (indirect) detection tests comprise screening and confirmatory (supplemental) assays which are characterized by their high degrees of sensitivity and high degrees of specificity, respectively. Screening tests include ELISAs or EIAs and simple and rapid tests. Confirmatory tests include WB, IFA, and RIPA.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Megatrials: Taking the Results into Office Practice

Primary care specialists provide first-line care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by progressive, partially reversible airflow limitation induced mainly by smoking. Spirometry and questionnaires are important for COPD diagnosis, staging and prognosis. Smoking cessation, immunizations, pulmonary rehabilitation and self-management action plans comprise nonpharmacologic COPD management. The Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium (UPLIFT®) and Towards a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH) megatrials provide evidence for maintenance pharmacotherapy to reduce exacerbations and improve patient symptoms and health-related quality of life. Although the primary outcomes—lung function decline (UPLIFT®) and mortality (TORCH)—were negative, long-acting bronchodilators in both trials reduced exacerbation rates and improved health status. Tiotropium added to usual care (in UPLIFT®) and salmeterol/fluticasone therapy (in TORCH) improved key patient-centered outcomes with no significant mortality risk or excess in serious cardiac adverse events associated with the study drugs. These results provide strong evidence of efficacy and acceptable safety profiles of maintenance pharmacotherapies in patient-centered outcomes and support combination drug regimens in patients with moderate to very severe COPD.
Dose reduction in computed tomography by individualized scan protocols

Purpose: To find a method of adjusting the mAs‐value in relation to the size of the patient undergoing computed tomography (CT) examination as a means of minimizing the radiation dose to the patient. Material and Methods: A correction factor to be applied on the tube charge for each patient was calculated using two mathematical methods. This approach was tested on 4 Perspex phantoms of different sizes and geometries. Noise was measured in the images with and without use of the correction factors. Retrospectively, correction factors were calculated for 12 CT examinations of the abdomen and the dose reduction was estimated for these patient studies. Results: The variations in noise measured in the images of the different phantoms were dramatically reduced by both methods. The retrospectively performed patient study showed that the largest correction factor was 7 times greater than the smallest, which means that a dose reduction factor of 7 is possible in the extreme case. Conclusion: Our proposed methods of adjusting the applied tube charge (mAs‐value) in relation to the size of the patient can be used on the vast majority of CT systems. The potential for dose reduction is great, especially for small patients.
Hybridizing PSO and DE for improved vector evaluated multi-objective optimization

This paper introduces a new vector evaluated multi-objective optimization algorithm. The vector evaluated differential evolution particle swarm optimization (VEDEPSO) algorithm is a hybridization of the classical vector evaluated particle swarm optimization (VEPSO) and vector evaluated differential evolution (VEDE) algorithms of Parsopoulos et. al. [9], [10]. Comparisons of VEDEPSO with respect to VEPSO and VEDE on a well known multi-objective benchmark problem set indicated that significant performance improvements can be attributed to the VEDEPSO algorithm.
Stress injuries and developmental change of lower extremities in ballet dancers.

Radiographs of the hip and lower extremities of 52 professional ballet dancers were evaluated. Among the various abnormalities, some similar to those found in athletes, were specific patterns of stress hypertrophy of the femora, tibiae, fibulae, and the first three metatarsal bones, and multiple stress fractures of the femoral necks and tibiae. This group of findings is sufficient to identify the classical ballet dancer.
Longitudinal associations between children's dental caries and risk factors.

UNLABELLED Dental caries is a common disease in children of all ages. It is desirable to know whether children with primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions share risk factors for cavitated and non-cavitated caries. OBJECTIVE To assess the longitudinal associations between caries outcomes and modifiable risk factors. METHODS One hundred and fifty-six children in the Iowa Fluoride Study met inclusion criteria of three dental examinations and caries-related risk factor assessments preceding each examination. Surface-specific counts of new non-cavitated caries and cavitated caries at the primary (Exam 1: age 5), mixed (Exam 2: age 9) and permanent (Exam 3: age 13) dentition examinations were outcome variables. Explanatory variables were caries-related factors, including averaged beverage exposure frequencies, tooth brushing frequencies, and composite water fluoride levels collected from 3-5, 6-8, and 11-13 years, dentition category, socioeconomic status, and gender. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to explore the relationships between new non-cavitated or cavitated caries and caries-related variables. RESULTS Greater frequency of 100 percent juice exposure was significantly associated with fewer non-cavitated and cavitated caries surfaces. Greater tooth brushing frequency and high socioeconomic status (SES) were significantly associated with fewer new non-cavitated caries. Children had significantly more new cavitated caries surfaces at the mixed dentition examination than at the primary and permanent dentition examinations. CONCLUSIONS There were common caries-related factors for more new non-cavitated caries across the three exams, including less frequent 100 percent juice exposure, lower tooth brushing frequency and lower SES. Less frequent 100 percent juice exposures might be associated with higher exposures to several other cariogenic beverages.