Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Casson-Gordon invariants in high-dimensional knot theory

The Casson-Gordon invariants of knots in all dimensions are interpreted in terms of surgery theory. Applications are given to finding nondoubly slice knots, and doubly slice knots which are not the double of a disk knot. In even dimensions, the property of being doubly slice is shown to be largely homotopy theoretic, while in odd dimensions the surgery-theoretic method shows such properties to depend on more than the homotopy type. In 1975, A. Casson and C. Gordon used the equivariant signatures defined in [AS] to show that classical knot cobordism diSers radically from the high-dimensional theory. The author's thesis [R1] developed a generalization of the Casson-Gordon invariants to all odd dimensions to attack the problem of double null-concordance. (See also [St, Su, GL].) This is the question of whether an n-dimensional knot is a slice of an (n+1)-dimensional unknot. We showed further that analogous invariants could be defined in even dimensions and applied to the same problem. In this paper, we give some new applications of the Casson-Gordon invariants in high-dimensional knot theory, and strengthen the results of [R1 and S1]. It was shown by J. tevine [L] that doubly slice knots are obtained if one doubles a disk pair along its boundary. Doubly slice knots have many properties in common with such doubled disk knots-in fact, according to [L], the concepts are equivalent for simple knots. Levine asked whether in fact all doubly slice knots were obtained as doubled disk knots and provided examples of knots in S3 and S4 which are not. In his Ph.D. thesis [S1] and more recent work [S2], L. Smolinsky gave examples in (higher) odd dimensions of knots which are doubly slice without being the double of a disk pair, using the Casson-Gordon invariants in a manner similar to [R1]. As an application of the even-dimensional invariants, we show that in all even dimensions there are doubly slice knots which are not doubled disk knots. To construct such examples, we show that an even-dimensional knot which has the Z[Z]-homology type of a doubly slice knot is also doubly slice. This contradicts a theorem of [R1] which asserts a bound on the even-dimensional Casson-Gordon invariants of a doubly slice knot. To reestablish the main result of [R1], namely that in all even dimensions there are "algebraically" doubly slice knots which are not doubly slice, we extend the deSnition of the even-dimensional invariants to a more general context than that used in [R1]. In that paper, Q-valued invariants were defined for homomorphisms to a cyclic group Zd; d was assumed to be a prime power and only certain homomorphisms were allowed. In the approach taken in lleceived by the editors December 12, 1986. 1980 Mathematics Xubject (lassification (1985 Revision). Primary 57Q45, 57M25, 57R67.
Regressive or Progressive? The Effect of Tobacco Taxes in Ukraine

Tobacco taxes are usually considered regressive as the poorest individuals allocate larger shares of their budget towards the purchase of tobacco related products. However, because these taxes also discourage tobacco use, some of the most adverse effects and their economic costs are reduced, including lower life expectancy at birth, higher medical expenses, increased years of disability among smokers, and the effects of secondhand smoke. This paper projects the effects of an increase in the tobacco tax on household welfare in Ukraine. It considers three price-elasticity scenarios among income deciles of the population. Results show that although tobacco taxes are often criticized for being regressive in the short-run, a more comprehensive scenario that includes medical expenses and working years, the benefits of tobacco taxes far exceed the increase in tax liability, benefitting in large measure lower income households. Our results also indicate that lower health expenditure seems to be the main driver because of the reduction in tobacco-related diseases that require expensive treatments. Tobacco taxes are also associated with positive distributional effects related to the higher long-term price elasticities of tobacco consumption.
Disambiguation of newly derived nominalizations in context: A Distributional Semantics approach

One of the central problems in the semantics of derived words is polysemy (see, for example, the recent contributions by Lieber 2016 and Plag et al. 2018 ). In this paper, we tackle the problem of disambiguating newly derived words in context by applying Distributional Semantics ( Firth 1957 ) to deverbal -ment nominalizations (e.g. bedragglement, emplacement). We collected a dataset containing contexts of low frequency deverbal -ment nominalizations (55 types, 406 tokens, see Appendix B) extracted from large corpora such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English. We chose low frequency derivatives because high frequency formations are often lexicalized and thus tend to not exhibit the kind of polysemous readings we are interested in. Furthermore, disambiguating low-frequency words presents an especially difficult task because there is little to no prior knowledge about these words from which their semantic properties can be extrapolated. The data was manually annotated according to eventive vs. non-eventive interpretations, allowing also an ambiguous label in those cases where the context did not disambiguate. Our question then was to what extent, and under which conditions, context-derived representations such as those of Distributional Semantics can be successfully employed in the disambiguation of low-frequency derivatives. Our results show that, first, our models are able to distinguish between eventive and non-eventive readings with some success. Second, very small context windows are sufficient to find the intended interpretation in the majority of cases. Third, ambiguous instances tend to be classified as events. Fourth, the performance of the classifier differed for different subcategories of nouns, with non-eventive derivatives being harder to classify correctly. We present indirect evidence that this is due to the semantic similarity of abstract non-eventive nouns to eventive nouns. Overall, this paper demonstrates that distributional semantic models can be fruitfully employed for the disambiguation of low frequency words in spite of the scarcity of available contextual information. 1
Modeling the Gluon Propagator in Landau Gauge: Lattice Estimates of Pole Masses and Dimension-Two Condensates

We present an analytic description of numerical results for the Landau-gauge SU(2) gluon propagator D(p(2)), obtained from lattice simulations (in the scaling region) for the largest lattice sizes to date, in d = 2, 3 and 4 space-time dimensions. Fits to the gluon data in 3d and in 4d show very good agreement with the tree-level prediction of the refined Gribov-Zwanziger (RGZ) framework, supporting a massive behavior for D(p(2)) in the infrared limit. In particular, we investigate the propagator's pole structure and provide estimates of the dynamical mass scales that can be associated with dimension-two condensates in the theory. In the 2d case, fitting the data requires a noninteger power of the momentum p in the numerator of the expression for D(p(2)). In this case, an infinite-volume-limit extrapolation gives D(0) = 0. Our analysis suggests that this result is related to a particular symmetry in the complex-pole structure of the propagator and not to purely imaginary poles, as would be expected in the original Gribov-Zwanziger scenario.
North-South Trade-Related Technology Diffusion, Brain Drain and Productivity Growth: Are Small States Different?

The economies of small developing states tend to be more fragile than those of large ones. This paper examines this issue in a dynamic context by focusing on the impact of the brain drain on North-South trade-related technology diffusion and total factor productivity growth in small and large states in the South. There are three main findings. First, productivity growth increases with North-South trade-related technology diffusion and education and the interaction between the two, and decreases with the brain drain. Second, the impact of North-South trade-related technology diffusion, education, and their interaction on productivity growth in small states is more than three times that for large countries, with the negative impact of the brain drain thus more than three times greater in small than in large states. And third, the greater loss in productivity growth in small states has two brain drain-related causes: a substantially greater sensitivity of productivity growth to the brain drain, and brain drain levels that are more than five times greater in small than in large states.
Ultrastructure of the lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans (Nemata: Pratylenchidae)

Various stages of a lesion nematode , Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Sher and Allen, 1953, were observed with transmission electron microscopy and low-temperatur e scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) to elucidate the structural anatomy of the esophagus , intestine, and reproductive system. The lumen of the esophagu s is circular through the procorpus and triradiate in the metacorpus where it is part of the metacorpus pump valve. A pair of esophagea l lumen branches terminate as quadriradiat e valves in the subventral gland ampullae. The central lumen extends posteriad to become part of the esophago-intestina l valve. The enlarged intestinal lumen is delineated by scattered evaginated membrane s of the epithelial cells. The lumen may be occluded during nonfeeding periods or when the intestine becomes compresse d by the reproductive organs. The testis contains spermatocyte s with membrane-boun d nuclei that transform into amoeboi d spermatids with electron-opaque , nonmembrane-boun d nuclei surrounded by fibrous bodies. Spermatozo a with irregular clumps of nonmembrane-boun d chromati n surrounded by mitochondri a as well as residual fibrous bodies were found in seminal vesicles and vas deferens of males and in spermatheca e of female gonads. The ultrastructur e of the male and female reproductive organs is compared to similar features observed with light microscopy and
Developing a didactic method that emphasizes lifeworld as a basis for learning

The learning process in a professional education is characterized by the encounter between the student's own lifeworld and scientific knowledge in theory and in practice. Didactics is needed in order to be able to provide support for this meeting and create the conditions for a reflective process that strengthens the integration between the lifeworld and theoretical and practical knowledge. This paper presents an innovative research project where the aim was to develop a new didactic method in nursing education that makes it possible for the student to encounter both the theoretical caring science structure and the patient's lived experiences in his/her learning process. A reflective group supervision model for nursing students during clinical studies was developed and tested for the duration of two years. A teacher and a nurse led each group. The supervision started in patient narratives the students collected during their clinical practices and brought to the supervision sessions. The narratives were problematized and analysed in the supervision session using caring science terminology with the purpose of creating a unity of theory and lived experiences, thus developing a deeper understanding for the patient's situation and need. During the project, data were collected and analysed phenomenologically in order to develop knowledge of the students' reflection and learning when using the supervision model. The result shows that the students, with the help of this didactic method, have developed a better understanding of the patient and that they have had good use of the theoretical caring science in creating this understanding. They have learned to reflect more systematically and the examination has become more realistic to them as it is now carried out in a patient context. However, in order to reach these results some prerequisites are required. These can be summarized as the necessity of recognizing the students' lifeworld in the supervision process.
Multifocusing revisited ‐ inhomogeneous media and curved interfaces *

We review the multifocusing method for traveltime moveout approximation of multicoverage seismic data. Multifocusing constructs the moveout based on two notional spherical waves at each source and receiver point, respectively. These two waves are mutually related by a focusing quantity. We clarify the role of this focusing quantity and emphasize that it is a function of the source and receiver location, rather than a fixed parameter for a given multicoverage gather. The focusing function can be designed to make the traveltime moveout exact in certain generic cases that have practical importance in seismic processing and interpretation. The case of a plane dipping reflector (planar multifocusing) has been the subject of all publications so far. We show that the focusing function can be generalized to other surfaces, most importantly to the spherical reflector (spherical multifocusing). At the same time, the generalization implies a simplification of the multifocusing method. The exact traveltime moveout on spherical surfaces is a very versatile and robust formula, which is valid for a wide range of offsets and locations of source and receiver, even on rugged topography. In two‐dimensional surveys, it depends on the same three parameters that are commonly used in planar multifocusing and the common‐reflection surface (CRS) stack method: the radii of curvature of the normal and normal‐incidence‐point waves and the emergence angle. In three dimensions the exact traveltime moveout on spherical surfaces depends on only one additional parameter, the inclination of the plane containing the source, receiver and reflection point. Comparison of the planar and spherical multifocusing with the CRS moveout expression for a range of reflectors with increasing curvature shows that the planar multifocusing can be remarkably accurate but the CRS becomes increasingly inaccurate. This can be attributed to the fact that the CRS formula is based on a Taylor expansion, whereas the multifocusing formulae are double‐square root formulae. As a result, planar and spherical multifocusing are better suited to model the moveout of diffracted waves.
Collective Action and Community Development: Evidence from Self-Help Groups in Rural India

In response to the problems of high coordination costs among the poor, efforts are underway in many countries to organize the poor through"self-help groups"(SHGs) -- membership-based organizations that aim to promote social cohesion through a mixture of education, access to finance, and linkages to wider development programs. The authors randomly selected 32 of 80 villages in one of the poorest districts in rural India in which to establish SHGs for women. Two years of exposure to these programs increased women's participation in group savings programs as well as the non-agricultural labor force. Compared to women in control villages, treated women were also more likely to participate in household decisions and engage in civic activities. The authors find no evidence however, that participation increased income or had a disproportionate impact by women's socio-economic status. These results are important in light of the recent effort to expand official support to SHGs under the National Rural Livelihood Mission.
Utilization of Various Dietary Carbohydrate Levels by the Freshwater Catfish Mystus montanus (Jerdon)

In order to determine the effect of different levels of carbohydrate in artificial diets on growth and feed conversion of freshwater catfish Mystus montanus, six diets with gradual levels of carbohydrates (2%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 12% and 14%) were prepared in pelleted form and fed to the fingerlings of M. montanus to evaluate changes in growth and feed conversion. Higher survival (89%) and specific growth rate (1.06% d -1 ) as well as better feed conversion ratio (1.04) were observed in fish receiving diet a containing 9% carbohydrate level. The growth performance of fish fed different carbohydrate diet levels was statistically significant at P<0.05 level. The carbohydrate dietary level did not significantly influence the carcass moisture, dry matter, biochemical composition and ash. The dietary nutrient levels were not influenced on the carcass composition, because fish fed a low dietary protein (diet C4; 42% dietary protein) had a high carcass protein (68.8%), but fish fed a high dietary protein (diet C5; 43% dietary protein) had a low carcass protein (67.2%). The results of the present investigation indicated that the optimum requirements of 9.48% carbohydrate are recommended for better growth of M. montanus.
Running Head: BODY SELF-CONCEPT A Reciprocal Effects Model of Children’s Body Fat Self-Concept: Relations with Physical Self-Concept and Physical Activity

This study investigated a reciprocal effects model (REM) of children’s body fat self-concept, physical self-concept, and objectively measured school physical activity at different intensities. Grade four students (N= 376; M age= 9.07, SD= .61; 55% boys) from the Midwest region of the United States completed measures of physical self-concept, body fat self-concept, and wore accelerometers for three consecutive school days at the beginning and end of one school year. Findings from structural equation modeling analyses did not support reciprocal effects. However, children’s body fat self-concept predicted future physical self-concept and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Multigroup analyses explored the moderating role of weight status, sex, ethnicity, and sex*ethnicity within the REM. Findings supported invariance, suggesting that the observed relations were generalizable for these children across demographic groups. Links between body fat self-concept and future physical self-concept and MVPA highlight selfenhancing effects that can promote children’s health and well-being.
Moderating the stress impact of environmental conditions : the effect of organizational commitment in Hong Kong and China

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between environmental conditions and employee health in Chinese white and blue-collar samples, and to examine the role of organizational commitment as a stress moderator. Data are collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The participants are 158 white and 138 blue-collar workers in Hong Kong and 372 blue-collar workers in China. The results show that environmental conditions (including ventilation, workable space, illumination, temperature, noise, air pollution, and freedom to move around at work) are positively related to job satisfaction, and physical and mental well-being. These relationships are particularly true in the Hong Kong white-collar and China blue-collar groups. Further, organizational commitment moderated some of the relationships between environmental conditions and health. Inconclusive results of the buffering role of organizational commitment are obtained.
Serum Cystatin C compared with conventional renal function tests: A study in patients with pre-eclampsia

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of serum cystatin C in assessment of renal function and compare with conventional renal function tests. Methods : For this study, 30 females with pre-eclampsia (cases) and 30 healthy pregnant females (controls) were included from antenatal clinics. Venous blood samples were collected for estimation of cystatin C, creatinine, urea, uric acid, lipid profile, protein, albumin, blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin. Spot urine samples were taken for measurement of microalbumin and creatinine. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for significance of difference. Results: Serum levels of cystatin C and uric acid were significantly higher in cases ( P value <0.001 and 0.002 , respectively) compared to controls. Urinary microalbumin-creatinine ratio also showed highly significant difference between cases and controls. However, renal function markers like urea and creatinine did not show any difference between the healthy pregnant females and pre-eclamptic patients. Conclusion : Serum cystatin C appears to be a superior marker of renal function compared to creatinine in patients with pre-eclampsia and showed be routinely included in the investigative work-up of these patients.
Evaluation of blood parameters as an early assessment of health status in nursery pigs

U nursery pigs, which may account for approximately 1% of a nursery group,1 may be weak, malnourished, or dull2 and may be more susceptible to pathogens such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus or Streptococcus suis. Additionally, lightweight or malnourished nursery pigs may also suffer from periweaning failure to thrive syndrome (PFTS) and therefore may show no signs of respiratory, systemic, or enteric diseases, but may have lower feed intake and become increasingly debilitated after weaning.3 Some nursery pigs may suffer from other wasting diseases that cause loss of appetite, fever, dyspnea, and weight loss. Blood sampling for evaluation of hematological indicators may be highly valuable in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of many diseases.4 Additionally, monitoring herd health via hematological indicators may reveal adverse conditions, even though the animals may not be displaying clinical signs of disease.5 Therefore, routine diagnostic sampling and evaluation of hematological indicators may aid in early identification of disease or disease-susceptible nursery pigs, which may prevent death loss from infection.
Viability of the lichen Xanthoria elegans and its symbionts after 18 months of space exposure and simulated Mars conditions on the ISS

Abstract The lichen Xanthoria elegans has been exposed to space conditions and simulated Mars-analogue conditions in the lichen and fungi experiment (LIFE) on the International Space Station (ISS). After several simulations and short space exposure experiments such as BIOPAN, this was the first long-term exposure of eukaryotic organisms to the hostile space conditions of the low Earth orbit (LEO). The biological samples were integrated in the EXPOSE-E facility and exposed for 1.5 years outside the ISS to the combined impact of insolation, ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation, cosmic radiation, temperatures and vacuum conditions of LEO space. Additionally, a subset of X. elegans samples was exposed to simulated Martian environmental conditions by applying Mars-analogue atmosphere and suitable solar radiation filters. After their return to Earth the viability of the lichen samples was ascertained by viability analysis of LIVE/DEAD staining and confocal laser-scanning microscopy, but also by analyses of chlorophyll a fluorescence. According to the LIVE/DEAD staining results, the lichen photobiont showed an average viability rate of 71%, whereas the even more resistant lichen mycobiont showed a rate of 84%. Post-exposure viability rates did not significantly vary among the applied exposure conditions. This remarkable viability is discussed in the context of particular protective mechanisms of lichens such as anhydrobiosis and UV-screening pigments.