Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The kinematics of very low mass dwarfs: Splinter session summary

Kinematic investigations are being increasingly deployed in studies of the lowest mass stars and brown dwarfs to investigate their origins, characterize their atmospheres, and examine the evolution of their physical parameters. This article summarizes the contributions made at the “Kinematics of Very Low Mass Dwarfs” splinter session. Results discussed include analysis of kinematic distributions of M, L, and T dwarfs; theoretical tools for interpreting these distributions; identifications of very low mass halo dwarfs and wide companions to nearby stars; radial velocity variability among young and very cool brown dwarfs; and the search and identification of M dwarfs in young moving groups. A summary of discussion points at the conclusion of the splinter sesseion is also presented.
Interaction of clumpy dark matter with interstellar medium in astrophysical systems

Contemporary cosmological conceptions suggest that the dark matter in haloes of galaxies and galaxy clusters has most likely a clumpy structure. If a stream of gas penetrates through it, a small-scale gravitational field created by the clumps disturbs the flow resulting in momentum exchange between the stream and the dark matter. In this article, we perform an analysis of this effect, based on the hierarchical halo model of the dark matter structure and Navarro– Frenk–White density profiles. We consider the clumps of various masses, from the smallest up to the highest ones M ≥ 10 9 M� . It has been found that in any event the effect grows with the mass of the clump: not only the drag force F acting on the clump but also its acceleration w = F/M increases. We discuss various astrophysical systems. The mechanism proved to be ineffective in the case of galaxy or galaxy cluster collisions. On the other hand, it played an important role during the process of galaxy formation. As a result, the dark matter should have formed a more compact, oblate and faster rotating substructure in the halo of our Galaxy. We have shown that this thick disc should be more clumpy than the halo. This fact is very important for the indirect detection experiments since it is the clumps that give the main contribution to the annihilation signal. Our calculations show that the mechanism of momentum exchange between the dark and baryon matter is ineffective on the outskirts of the galactic halo. It means that the clumps from there were not transported to the thick disc, and this region should be more clumpy than the halo on the average.
HEMATOGENOUSPYELONEPHRITIS IN RATS . IV . RELATIONSHIP OF BACTERIAL SPECIES TO THE PATHOGENESIS AND SEQUELAE OF CHRONICPYELONEPHRITIS

Despite the inherent differences in the various bacterial species responsible for human pyelonephritis, little consideration has been given to differences in the characteristics of the renal disease resulting from infection by each species. While it is possible that pyelonephritis is a single disease entity that develops in an identical fashion regardless of the type of bacteria, scattered clinical observations suggest that variations in the pathologic processes are governed to some extent by the properties of the infecting micro-organisms (1-4). In order to obtain further information on the pathologic differences resulting from renal infection by a variety of bacterial species, pyelonephritis was produced in rats by a method that allows the infection to develop without the confusing effects of surgical hydronephrosis (5). In the study described in the preceding paper in this series, remarkable differences were observed in the character of the acute and subacute renal infection produced by various strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococci isolated from patients with pyelonephritis (6). The present study was designed to examine the differential pathological effects of three of these species in chronic pyelonephritis in rats which were followed as long as one year after the onset of renal infection. In addition, the relationship of chronic pyelonephritis to hypertensive vascular disease was studied in an attempt to learn whether differences in bacterial species could account for the inconstant occurrence of hypertension in human chronic pyelonephritis and its absence in experimental chronic pyelonephritis due to E. coli (7).
The jet and the disk of the HH 212 low-mass protostar imaged by ALMA: SO and SO2 emission

Context. The investigation of the disk formation and jet launching mechanism in protostars is crucial to understanding the earliest stages of star and planet formation. Aims. We aim to constrain the physical and dynamical properties of the molecular jet and disk of the HH 212 protostellar system at unprecedented angular scales, exploiting the capabilities of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). Methods. The ALMA observations of HH 212 in emission lines from sulfur-bearing molecules, SO 98−87 ,S O 10 11−1010, SO2 82,6−71,7, are compared with simultaneous CO 3−2, SiO 8−7 data. The molecules column density and abundance are estimated using simple radiative transfer models. Results. SO 98−87 and SO2 82,6−71,7 show broad velocity profiles. At systemic velocity, they probe the circumstellar gas and the cavity walls. Going from low to high blue- and red-shifted velocities the emission traces the wide-angle outflow and the fast (∼100−200 km s −1 ), collimated (∼90 AU) molecular jet revealing the inner knots with timescales ≤50 yr. The jet transports a mass− −−
Denotational design with type class morphisms (extended version) DRAFT — comments please

Type classes provide a mechanism for varied implementations of standard interfaces. Many of these interfaces are founded in mathematical tradition and so have regularity not only of types but also of properties (laws) that must hold. Types and properties give strong guidance to the library implementor, while leaving freedom as well. Some of this remaining freedom is in how the implementation works, and some is in what it accomplishes. To give additional guidance to the what, without impinging on the how, this paper proposes a principle of type class morphisms (TCMs), which further refines the compositional style of denotational semantics. The TCM idea is simply that the instance’s meaning follows the meaning’s instance. This principle determines the meaning of each type class instance, and hence defines correctness of implementation. It also serves to transfer laws about a type’s semantic model, such as the class laws, to hold for the type itself. In some cases, it provides a systematic guide to implementation, and in some cases, valuable design feedback. The paper is illustrated with several examples of types, meanings, and morphisms.
Isolation and Characterization of Respiratory-Deficient Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 t

Several mutants ofEscherichia coli K-12 defective in aerobic metabolism were isolated. One such mutant was found to be deficient in cytochromes, heme, and catalase. Aerobically grown cells did not consume oxygen and could grow only on fermentable carbon sources. Supplementation of the growth medium with deltaaminolevulonic acid, protoporphyrin IX, or hemin did not restore aerobic metabolism. The lack of heme and catalase in mutant cells grown on glucose was not due to catabolite repression, since the addition of exogenous cyclic AMP did not restore the normal phenotype. When grown aerobically on complex medium containing glucose, the mutant produced lactic acid as the principal fermentation product. This pleotropic mutation was attributed to an inability of the cells to synthesize heme, and preliminary data mapped the mutation to between 8 and 13 min on the E. coli genome.
Environmental Determinants Influencing Seasonal Variations of Bird Diversity and Abundance in Wetlands, Northern Region (Ghana)

The study assessed major environmental determinants influencing bird community in six wetlands over a 2-year period. A combination of visual and bird sounding techniques was used to determine the seasonal variations in bird abundance, while ordination techniques were performed to determine the influence of environmental factors on bird assemblage. A total of 1,169 birds from 25 species and 885 individuals from 23 species were identified in the wet and dry season, respectively. The shallow close marshes supported the greatest number of birds () compared to the riparian wetlands. Bird diversity was significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season (). Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) and marsh warbler (Acrocephalus palustris) were the most abundant. Using the IUCN “Red List” database guide, we noted that 96.2% of birds identified were least concern (LC). The yellow weaver bird (Ploceous megarhrynchus) was the only vulnerable species (VU) and represented 3.8%. From the three variables tested, bushfire and farming practices were the major threats and cumulatively explained 15.93% (wet season) and 14.06% (dry season) variations in bird diversity and abundance. These findings will help wetland managers design conservation measures to check current threats on birds from becoming vulnerable in the future.
Middle -school students comprehending, analyzing, and evaluating persuasive texts

Title of Dissertation: MIDDLE-SCHOOL STUDENTS COMPREHENDING, ANALYZING, AND EVALUATING PERSUASIVE TEXT Tina M. Leon, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008 Dissertation Directed by: Associate Professor Marilyn J. Chambliss Department of Curriculum and Instruction Students are inundated with posters, fliers, commercials, and advertisements intended to persuade. Students also are challenged to think critically about persuasion on high-stakes assessments, but their textbooks rarely include argument. Students have little experience with written persuasion and may lack the knowledge and skills necessary to comprehend and evaluate it. Research with adults has shown that prior knowledge and text characteristics affect reader persuasion. However, it is risky to design instruction for middle-school students based on adult outcomes. Thus, this study extended research on adults to middle-school students. A total of 357 middle-school students between 11 and 15 years old in grades six through eight read an argument on keeping animals in zoos structured as one-sided, twosided refutation, or two-sided nonrefutation. Text content was emotional and factual. Students rated the persuasiveness of content during reading, rated their knowledge and beliefs before and after reading, and answered comprehension and evaluation questions. Verbal reports collected from 26 students informed how students processed persuasive text. Overall, most middle-school students’ lacked adult knowledge of argument and persuasion for reasoning through the argument and its content. Most students identified persuasive text as written to inform, and selected the topic as the main point and a claim as the supporting detail. Students identified the argument in two-sided refutation more accurately. Verbal responses revealed that few students used knowledge of argument structure or persuasive content to comprehend, analyze, and evaluate. Instead, most students reacted to the content as they read and later inaccurately induced the author’s purpose and argument. When evaluating premises, a majority of students selected the evidence as their source, but verbal responses indicated that students reasoned from text-based evidence, prior knowledge and their beliefs, despite selecting the evidence basis. Their particular basis depended upon the premise statement being evaluated. Students lacked knowledge of argument and persuasive content and were highly persuaded by both the emotional content and argument structure. Students rated emotional content as more persuasive than factual content. Other results suggested that one-sided argument affected students’ beliefs the most. Changes in perceived knowledge mirrored changes in beliefs. MIDDLE-SCHOOL STUDENTS COMPREHENDING, ANALYZING, AND EVALUATING PERSUASIVE TEXTS
MULTI-COLOR OPTICAL AND NEAR-INFRARED LIGHT CURVES OF 64 STRIPPED-ENVELOPE CORE–COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE

We present a densely sampled, homogeneous set of light curves of 64 low-redshift (z ≲ 0.05) stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe of Type IIb, Ib, Ic, and Ic-BL). These data were obtained between 2001 and 2009 at the Fred L. Whipple Observatory (FLWO) on Mount Hopkins in Arizona, with the optical FLWO 1.2 m and the near-infrared (NIR) Peters Automated Infrared 1.3 m telescopes. Our data set consists of 4543 optical photometric measurements on 61 SNe, including a combination of , , and , and 1919 JHKs NIR measurements on 25 SNe. This sample constitutes the most extensive multi-color data set of stripped-envelope SNe to date. Our photometry is based on template-subtracted images to eliminate any potential host-galaxy light contamination. This work presents these photometric data, compares them with data in the literature, and estimates basic statistical quantities: date of maximum, color, and photometric properties. We identify promising color trends that may permit the identification of stripped-envelope SN subtypes from their photometry alone. Many of these SNe were observed spectroscopically by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) SN group, and the spectra are presented in a companion paper. A thorough exploration that combines the CfA photometry and spectroscopy of stripped-envelope core–collapse SNe will be presented in a follow-up paper.
Instructions for use Title Sequential chemotherapy and myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation forrefractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Title Sequential chemotherapy and myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia Author(s) Arita, Kotaro; Kondo, Takeshi; Sugita, Junichi; Shigematsu, Akio; Shiratori, Souichi; Wakasa, Kentaro; Yasumoto, Atsushi; Ibata, Makoto; Shono, Yusuke; Kikuchi, Misato; Goto, Hideki; Takeda, Yukari; Takahata, Mutsumi; Kato, Naoko; Nishio, Mitsufumi; Ota, Shuichi; Tanaka, Junji; Imamura, Masahiro Citation International Journal of Hematology, 94(3): 291-295 Issue Date 2011-09 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/47958 Right The final publication is available at www.springerlink. com
DISCOVERY OF “WARM DUST” GALAXIES IN CLUSTERS AT z ∼ 0.3: EVIDENCE FOR STRIPPING OF COOL DUST IN THE DENSE ENVIRONMENT?

Using far-infrared imaging from the “Herschel Lensing Survey,” we derive dust properties of spectroscopically confirmed cluster member galaxies within two massive systems at z ∼ 0.3: the merging Bullet Cluster and the more relaxed MS2137.3–2353. Most star-forming cluster sources (∼90%) have characteristic dust temperatures similar to local field galaxies of comparable infrared (IR) luminosity (Tdust ∼ 30 K). Several sub-luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG; LIR < 1011 L☉) Bullet Cluster members are much warmer (Tdust > 37 K) with far-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) shapes resembling LIRG-type local templates. X-ray and mid-infrared data suggest that obscured active galactic nuclei do not contribute significantly to the infrared flux of these “warm dust” galaxies. Sources of comparable IR luminosity and dust temperature are not observed in the relaxed cluster MS2137, although the significance is too low to speculate on an origin involving recent cluster merging. “Warm dust” galaxies are, however, statistically rarer in field samples (>3σ), indicating that the responsible mechanism may relate to the dense environment. The spatial distribution of these sources is similar to the whole far-infrared bright population, i.e., preferentially located in the cluster periphery, although the galaxy hosts tend toward lower stellar masses (M* < 1010 M☉). We propose dust stripping and heating processes which could be responsible for the unusually warm characteristic dust temperatures. A normal star-forming galaxy would need 30%–50% of its dust removed (preferentially stripped from the outer reaches, where dust is typically cooler) to recover an SED similar to a “warm dust” galaxy. These progenitors would not require a higher IR luminosity or dust mass than the currently observed normal star-forming population.
Global Carbon Sinks and Their Variability Inferred from Atmospheric O2 and δ13C

Recent time-series measurements of atmospheric O2 show that the land biosphere and world oceans annually sequestered 1.4 ± 0.8 and 2.0 ± 0.6 gigatons of carbon, respectively, between mid-1991 and mid-1997. The rapid storage of carbon by the land biosphere from 1991 to 1997 contrasts with the 1980s, when the land biosphere was approximately neutral. Comparison with measurements of δ13CO2 implies an isotopic flux of 89 ± 21 gigatons of carbon per mil per year, in agreement with model- and inventory-based estimates of this flux. Both the δ13C and the O2 data show significant interannual variability in carbon storage over the period of record. The general agreement of the independent estimates from O2and δ13C is a robust signal of variable carbon uptake by both the land biosphere and the oceans.
A Network Architecture for Point Cloud Classification via Automatic Depth Images Generation

We propose a novel neural network architecture for point cloud classification. Our key idea is to automatically transform the 3D unordered input data into a set of useful 2D depth images, and classify them by exploiting well performing image classification CNNs. We present new differentiable module designs to generate depth images from a point cloud. These modules can be combined with any network architecture for processing point clouds. We utilize them in combination with state-of-the-art classification networks, and get results competitive with the state of the art in point cloud classification. Furthermore, our architecture automatically produces informative images representing the input point cloud, which could be used for further applications such as point cloud visualization.
Gender, Religion and Spirituality

* Editorial Caroline Sweetman * Reconciling Islam and feminism Iman Hashim * Christianity, development, and women's liberation Bridget Walker * Conflict and compliance: Christianity and the occult in horticultural exporting Catherine S Dolan * No time to worship the serpent deities: Women, economic change, and religion in north-wester Nepal Rebecca Saul * Gender relations, 'Hindu' nationalism, and NGO responses in India Stacey Burlet * Religion, male violence, and the control of women: Pakistani Muslim men in Bradford, UK Marie Macey * A double-edged sword: Challenging women's oppression within Muslim society in Northern Nigeria Fatima L Adamu * Gender and development from a Christian perspective: Experience from World Vision Linda Tripp * Islam and development: Opportunities and constraints for Somali women Sadia Ahmed * 'The way to do is to be': Exploring the interface between values and research Sharon Harper and Kathleen Clancy * Resources * Books * Video * Organisations * Web Resources
Structure-Property Relationship of Amyloidogenic Prion Nanofibrils

The structure and its property for the prion nanofibrils, which exhibit self-assembled steric zipper, amyloid fibrils, are described in this chapter. There is the belief of origin for the infectiousness of the prion can be its molecular structure. It is due to the amyloid toxicity, which is related to its beta sheet rich molecular structure and self-aggregated long fibrils. There is evidence that the difference between PrPc and PrPsc is transitioned beta sheet from alpha helix to self-assemble and then to the amyloidogenic fibrils. Therefore, the scope of this chapter is the amyloidogenic structural characteristics of prion fibrils and its relationship to the property. The molecular structural characteristics can be changed by properties such as affinity, toxicity, infectivity, and so on, so this is a key factor to understand the origin of prion disease and develop the therapeutic strategy. One of the main properties of amyloid fibrils that we want to describe here is mechanical property such as dynamic property and material property for prion nanofibrils. This chapter can shed light on understanding the infectious characteristics of prion and the relationship of its molecular structures.
Mechanisms of vascular adaptation to obesity

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals that may greatly increase their risk of developing coronary artery disease. Obesity and related metabolic dysfunction are the driving force in the prevalence of MetS. It is believed that obesity has detrimental effects on cardiovascular function, but its overall impact on the vasomotor regulation of small coronary arteries is still debated. We aimed to examine the impact of obesity on the vasomotor function of large conduit vessels and small coronary arterioles. We have found that in the brachial artery there was a positive correlation between flow-mediated (FMD)- and nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced dilations and body mass index (BMI) in obese patients. In animal model of diet-induced obesity, we demonstrated that due to the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle cells to nitric oxide is enhanced, which contributes to the enhanced coronary arteriolar dilations to nitric oxide donors. Our data indicate that in obesity arteries adapt to hemodynamic changes via upregulating cellular mechanism(s) intrinsic to the vascular wall. A better understanding of mechanisms that may contribute vascular adaptation may provide insight into the sequence of pathological events in obesity and may allow the harnessing of these effects for therapeutic purposes.
Demand Elasticities for Mobile Telecommunications in Austria Ruhr economic papers

This paper analyses price elasticities in the Austrian market for mobile telecommunications services using data on firm specific tariffs in the period between January 1998 and March 2002. Dynamic panel data regressions are used to estimate short-run and long-run demand elasticities for business customers and for private consumers with both postpaid contracts and prepaid cards. We find that business customers have a higher elasticity of demand than private consumers, where postpaid customers tend to have a higher demand elasticity than prepaid customers. Also demand is generally more elastic in the long run. In addition, the paper also provides estimates for firm-specific demand elasticities which range from –0.47 to –1.1. JEL Classification: C23, L13, L96
ONTOGENY OF HEMOCYANIN FUNCTION IN THE DUNGENESS CRAB CANCER MAGISTER: THE INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE AND DIVALENT CATIONS ON HEMOCYANIN OXYGENATION PROPERTIES

Summary Calcium and magnesium ions raise the oxygen affinities of 25S hemocyanins of both first-instar juvenile and adult Cancer magister. A physiologically relevant change in magnesium concentration from 16 to 32mmol l21 changes first-instar juvenile hemocyanin affinity by 5.6mmHg (0.7kPa) but adult affinity by only 1.1mmHg (0.15kPa). In early juvenile crabs, the higher magnesium sensitivity of the hemocyanin may be compensated for by the lower oxygen affinity, which has been shown previously to be 50% lower than that of the adult under identical experimental conditions. Furthermore, ontogeny of ionic and osmotic regulation occurs during the development of C. magister, with especially high concentrations of magnesium being found in the hemolymph of early juveniles. Intermediate-stage juveniles (fifth to eighth instars) have hemocyanins with subunit stoichiometries and P50 values approaching those of the adult. These findings are significant because they indicate that modulation of C. magister hemocyanin oxygen-affinity during development incorporates differences in intrinsic affinity and differences in divalent cation sensitivity of the stage-specific hemocyanins.