Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circadian and Plastid Signaling Pathways Are Integrated to Ensure Correct Expression of the CBF and COR Genes during Photoperiodic Growth1

HSP90, ZTL, PRR5 and HY5 integrate circadian and plastid signaling pathways to regulate CBF and COR expression. The circadian clock synchronizes a wide range of biological processes with the day/night cycle, and correct circadian regulation is essential for photosynthetic activity and plant growth. We describe here a mechanism where a plastid signal converges with the circadian clock to fine-tune the regulation of nuclear gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Diurnal oscillations of tetrapyrrole levels in the chloroplasts contribute to the regulation of the nucleus-encoded transcription factors C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORS (CBFs). The plastid signal triggered by tetrapyrrole accumulation inhibits the activity of cytosolic HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN90 and, as a consequence, the maturation and stability of the clock component ZEITLUPE (ZTL). ZTL negatively regulates the transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR5 (PRR5). Thus, low levels of ZTL result in a HY5- and PRR5-mediated repression of CBF3 and PRR5-mediated repression of CBF1 and CBF2 expression. The plastid signal thereby contributes to the rhythm of CBF expression and the downstream COLD RESPONSIVE expression during day/night cycles. These findings provide insight into how plastid signals converge with, and impact upon, the activity of well-defined clock components involved in circadian regulation.
Price of Long-Run Temperature Shifts in Capital Markets

We use the forward-looking information from the US and global capital markets to estimate the economic impact of global warming, specifically, long-run temperature shifts. We find that global warming carries a positive risk premium that increases with the level of temperature and that has almost doubled over the last 80 years. Consistent with our model, virtually all US equity portfolios have negative exposure (beta) to long-run temperature fluctuations. The elasticity of equity prices to temperature risks across global markets is significantly negative and has been increasing in magnitude over time along with the rise in temperature. We use our empirical evidence to calibrate a long-run risks model with temperature-induced disasters in distant output growth to quantify the social cost of carbon emissions. The model simultaneously matches the projected temperature path, the observed consumption growth dynamics, discount rates provided by the risk-free rate and equity market returns, and the estimated temperature elasticity of equity prices. We find that the long-run impact of temperature on growth implies a significant social cost of carbon emissions.
What is an online ‘preliminary version’ of a publication in the meaning of Article 9.9 of the Code?—One more step on the trail of the Asian elephant

Gentry et al. (2014) challenged our statement (Dubois et al., 2014) that the lectotype designation of Elephas maximus by Cappellini et al. was not nomenclaturally available from the first online publication in 2013 of a 'preliminary version' of their work but only from the publication in 2014 of a 'final version' of it. The question at stake here is the meaning of the term 'preliminary version' in Articles 9.9 and 21.8. 3 of the Code. This question is discussed in detail here and we conclude that any version of a work published online and which differs, even slightly (by even a single-letter or a single modified element of layout), in content and/or layout from the final version of the same work subsequently published online, is to be considered a 'preliminary version' of this work. A preliminary version is accessible online only during a limited period, before being definitively replaced by the final version, which then remains unchanged. Such preliminary versions are not available for nomenclatural purposes. In Appendix 1, we also reply to some other comments of Gentry et al. (2014) on the paper by Dubois et al. (2014).
On the dynamics of the furuta pendulum

The Furuta pendulum, or rotational inverted pendulum, is a system found in many control labs. It provides a compact yet impressive platform for control demonstrations and draws the attention of the control community as a platform for the development of nonlinear control laws. Despite the popularity of the platform, there are very few papers which employ the correct dynamics and only one that derives the full system dynamics. In this paper, the full dynamics of the Furuta pendulum are derived using two methods: a Lagrangian formulation and an iterative Newton-Euler formulation. Approximations are made to the full dynamics which converge to the more commonly presented expressions. The systemdynamics are then linearised using a Jacobian. To illustrate the influence the commonly neglected inertia terms have on the system dynamics, a brief example is offered.
Sensitive detection of porcine DNA in processed animal proteins using a TaqMan real-time PCR assay

A TaqMan real-time PCR method was developed for specific detection of porcine-prohibited material in industrial feeds. The assay combines the use of a porcine-specific primer pair, which amplifies a 79 bp fragment of the mitochondrial (mt) 12 S rRNA gene, and a locked nucleic acid (LNA) TaqMan probe complementary to a target sequence lying between the porcine-specific primers. The nuclear 18 S rRNA gene system, yielding a 77 bp amplicon, was employed as a positive amplification control to monitor the total content of amplifiable DNA in the samples. The specificity of the porcine primers-probe system was verified against different animal and plant species, including mammals, birds and fish. The applicability of the real-time PCR protocol to detect the presence of porcine mt DNA in feeds was determined through the analysis of 190 industrial feeds (19 known reference and 171 blind samples) subjected to stringent processing treatments. The performance of the method allows qualitative and highly sensitive detection of short fragments from porcine DNA in all the industrial feeds declared to contain porcine material. Although the method has quantitative potential, the real quantitative capability of the assay is limited by the existing variability in terms of composition and processing conditions of the feeds, which affect the amount and quality of amplifiable DNA.
Thymosin β4 promotes matrix metalloproteinase expression during wound repair

Immobilized patients, diabetics, and the elderly suffer from impaired wound healing. The 43‐amino acid angiogenic peptide thymosin β4 (Tβ4) has previously been found to accelerate dermal wound repair in rats, aged mice, and db/db diabetic mice. It also promotes corneal repair in both normal rats and mice. Because proteinases are important in wound repair, we hypothesized that Tβ4 may regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in cells that are involved in wound repair. Analysis by RT‐PCR of whole excised mouse dermal wounds on days 1, 2, and 3 after wounding showed that Tβ4 increased several metalloproteinases, including MMP‐2 and ‐9 expression by several‐fold over control on day 2 after wounding. We further analyzed the metalloproteinases secreted in response to exogenous Tβ4 by cells normally present in the wound. Western blot analysis of cultured keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts that were treated with increasing concentrations of Tβ4 showed increases in the levels of MMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐9 in a cell‐specific manner. Tβ4 also enhanced the secretion of MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 by activated monocytes. The central actin‐binding domain, amino acids 17–23, had all of the activity for metalloproteinase induction. We conclude that part of the wound healing activity of Tβ4 resides in its ability to increase proteinase activity via its central actin‐binding domain. Thus, Tβ4 may play a pivotal role in extracellular matrix remodeling during wound repair. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disentangling the Multiple Effects of Affiliate Reputation on Resource Attraction in New Firms

Past research has established that new firms can enhance their attractiveness to prospective resource providers by affiliating with more reputable firms. But research on this process has yet to fully account for two critical realities underscored by recent research: (1) firms need to acquire resources from different groups of resource providers and (2) reputation is multidimensional. Drawing on the organizational reputation literature and on information processing theory, we propose that two groups of resource providers will respond differently to new firms’ affiliations in accordance with differences in the groups’ abilities to recognize and interpret reputation-related signals. We also propose that within a single group of resource providers, distinct characteristics of the affiliate will exert different influences. We test these propositions using longitudinal data from Belgian firms that affiliated with venture capital (VC) investors. Consistent with our predictions, we find that characteristics of a VC affiliate exert more influence on prospective financiers than on prospective employees. We further find that prospective financiers were more influenced by a VC’s industry-specific experience than by its media prominence, whereas prospective employees were more influenced by a VC’s media prominence than by its industry-specific experience. Taken together, the findings show that new firms’ resource attraction trajectories are shaped by their affiliates in more complex ways than past research has accounted for.
DIFFERENCES IN ENDOTHELIUM‐DEPENDENT RELAXATION IN VARIOUS ARTERIES FROM WATANABE HERITABLE HYPERLIPIDAEMIC RABBITS WITH INCREASING AGE

1. Endothelium‐dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) and the calcium ionophore A 23187 was examined in aorta, coronary, basilar and renal arteries isolated from Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic (WHHL) rabbits of 2, 6 and 12 months of age, with normolipidaemic heterozygous WHHL rabbits as controls.
Studies on hemagglutination with herpes simplex virus. II. The factors involved in the technique.

Factors affecting the herpes simplex hemagglutination test were examined to show the range and optimal requirements necessary for the proper performance of the test. Factors investigated were: a) the size of the test tube employed in the test, b) the time and temperature of incubation of the test, c) the concentration of tannic acid used to treat the erythrocytes, d) the pH of the saline applied in the sensitization of the cells with virus, e) the time required for this sensitization, f) the utilization of erythrocytes from different species, g) the type of serum used for the serum diluent, and h) various methods of preparation and preservation of the viral antigen.
Generational diversity: what nurse managers need to know.

AIM This article presents a discussion of generational differences and their impact on the nursing workforce and how this impact affects the work environment. BACKGROUND The global nursing workforce represents four generations of nurses. This generational diversity frames attitudes, beliefs, work habits and expectations associated with the role of the nurse in the provision of care and in the way the nurse manages their day-to-day activities. DATA SOURCES An electronic search of MEDLINE, PubMed and Cinahl databases was performed using the words generational diversity, nurse managers and workforce. The search was limited to 2000-2012. DISCUSSION Generational differences present challenges to contemporary nurse managers working in a healthcare environment which is complex and dynamic, in terms of managing nurses who think and behave in a different way because of disparate core personal and generational values, namely, the three Cs of communication, commitment and compensation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING An acceptance of generational diversity in the workplace allows a richer scope for practice as the experiences and knowledge of each generation in the nursing environment creates an environment of acceptance and harmony facilitating retention of nurses. CONCLUSION Acknowledgement of generational characteristics provides the nurse manager with strategies which focus on mentoring and motivation; communication, the increased use of technology and the ethics of nursing, to bridge the gap between generations of nurses and to increase nursing workforce cohesion.
Studies in vitro of abrasion by different manual toothbrush heads and a standard toothpaste.

BACKGROUND Loss of dentine at the buccal cervical region of teeth has a multifactorial aetiology. However, a considerable amount of circumstantial evidence, supported by laboratory experiments, implicates toothbrushing with toothpaste as a consistent factor. Most interest has centred around the abrasivity of toothpastes, particularly since a toothbrush alone has negligible effects on dentine. The influence of filament stiffness on toothpaste abrasion was the subject of some studies, mostly at least 2 decades ago, and produced conflicting conclusions. Numerous changes to toothbrush design and construction have taken place in recent years. AIMS The aim of this study was to measure the abrasion of a standard substrate, acrylic, by a standard toothpaste carried on modern brands of toothbrushes classified by manufacturers as hard (3 brands), medium (3 brands) and soft (6 brands). METHOD The substrate was brushed for 20,000 strokes with at least 6 heads from each brand. Measurements of substrate loss were made at 5000 stroke increments by profilometry. RESULTS Substrate loss for all brushes showed a pattern of abrasion which was to a first approximation linear. Overall, hard brushes caused least abrasion and soft brushes the most, with differences between groups being significant. Within-group differences between brands reached significance for soft and medium brushes but not hard brushes. CONCLUSIONS The results could be explained by increased retention of toothpaste by smaller diameter filaments and denser tufts on soft brushes and the greater flexion of filaments increasing the area of contact with the surface. Calculations on the clinical outcome of these data in vitro indicate that toothbrushing with toothpaste alone would produce minimal damage to dentine even over many years. Differences between brushes therefore are probably of little clinical significance. Certainly, the data do not support the use of hard brushes, particularly in view of the potential detrimental effects to gingival tissues.
L-arginine reverses the impairment of nitric oxide-dependent collateral perfusion in dietary-induced hypercholesterolaemia in the rabbit.

1. We have used an isolated, buffer-perfused, rabbit ear model of acute arterial occlusion to investigate the effects of exogenous L-arginine on the severe impairment of collateral perfusion associated with dietary-induced hypercholesterolaemia. The effects of L-arginine on hypercholesterolaemia-related impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine were also investigated in unligated, isolated rabbit ears perfused with buffer. 2. Cholesterol feeding for 8 weeks (blood cholesterol level 66.5 +/- 5.3 versus 1.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, P < 0.001) was associated with almost complete impairment of collateral perfusion, an effect previously observed after inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. The impairment of collateral perfusion found in hypercholesterolaemia was completely reversed by the addition of 10 mmol/l L-arginine to the perfusion fluid. In control preparations from rabbits fed a normal diet, the addition of 10 mmol/l L-arginine did not influence collateral perfusion. 3. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in preparations from the rabbits fed the high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks: the maximum relaxation of tone was 24.6 +/- 0.8% and was significantly (P < 0.01) less than that in the controls (70.3 +/- 2.4%). Addition of L-arginine to the perfusion fluid caused a modest improvement in the endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine, with a maximum response of 43.2 +/- 1.3%. 4. We conclude that nitric oxide-dependent collateral perfusion is severely impaired in hypercholesterolaemia and that the addition of exogenous L-arginine fully reverses these changes. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine are similarly impaired by hypercholesterolaemia; however, this deficit was only partially reversed by L-arginine. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Sensed Presence Within Experimental Settings: Implications for the Male and Female Concept of Self

Abstract The sense of “a presence” or of a sentient being during partial sensory deprivation and exposure to very weak, complex magnetic fields across the cerebral hemispheres may be a normal neurocognitive experience that is associated with the brief intrusion of the right hemispheric homologue of the left hemispheric (and strongly linguistic) sense of self into awareness. Within an optimal experimental setting, women reported more frequent experiences of a sensed presence than did men, and men were more likely than women to consider these experiences as “intrusions” from extrapersonal or ego-alien sources. Both effects were predicted by the vectorial hemisphericity hypothesis and the known neurocognitive differences between right-handed men and right-handed women. Sociobiological implications for gender differences in the probability of intercalation between distinctive processes within the left and right temporoparietal lobes are discussed.
Repeated Dientamoeba fragilis infections: a case report of two families from Sydney, Australia

We report cases of two unrelated families who both presented with recurrent Dientamoeba fragilis infections. Subsequent antimicrobial therapy resulted in the clearance of D. fragilis and total resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms in both families. This report highlights the potentially recurrent nature of D. fragilis infections and the need for laboratories to routinely test for this organism.
Vestibuloplasty by Modified Kazanjian Technique in Treatment With Dental Implants

AbstractDentists are often faced with extensively resorbed mandibular ridges with shallow buccal vestibule and high insertion of the mentalis muscle in relation to the crest of the ridge, causing the displacement of the prosthesis. Vestibuloplasty techniques aim at eliminating the muscle insertions, reposition the mucosa, and increase the area chapeável, giving more stability to the prosthesis. Among the techniques to deepen the vestibule are submucosal vestibuloplasties by secondary epithelialization and with mucosal and skin grafts. We will discuss vestibuloplasty by secondary epithelialization with emphasis on the so-called modified Kazanjian technique. This technique provides an appropriate result and does not require hospitalization, additional surgery at the donor, or prolonged periods without the use of prosthesis.
Association of CYP1A1 gene polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss in the South Indian population.

BACKGROUND We investigated the relationship between idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and genetic polymorphisms in phase I and phase II detoxification genes which include CYP1A1, CYP2D6, GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1. METHOD A case-control study comprised 160 females with RPL and 63 healthy controls with a successful reproductive history. RESULTS The CYP1A1 variant allele was present at frequencies of 0.61 and 0.44 in cases and controls, respectively (odds ratio=1.93; P=0.023, 95% confidence interval 1.10-3.38). The CYP2D6 variant allele was present at a frequency of 0.17 in females with RPL, while in the control population the frequency was 0.16. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were present at frequencies of 0.39 and 0.26 in RPL cases, whereas in controls the frequencies were 0.37 and 0.17, respectively. The mutant GSTP1 frequencies in case and control women were 0.38 and 0.40, respectively. We report a significant association of the CYP1A1*2A allele with RPL which is confirmed by logistic regression analysis. No association was observed for the other polymorphisms or in their combinations studied. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests the occurrence of the CYP1A1*2A allele as a probable risk factor in idiopathic recurrent miscarriages.
Region-Dependent Aggrecan Degradation Patterns in the Rat Intervertebral Disc Are Affected by Mechanical Loading In Vivo

Study Design. Immunoblotting study to evaluate aggrecan degradation patterns in rat intervertebral discs (IVDs) subjected to mechanical overload. Objective. To evaluate the effects of in vivo dynamic compression overloading on aggrecan degradation products associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and aggrecanase activity in different regions of the IVD. Summary of Background Data. Aggrecan cleavage at the MMP and aggrecanase sites is an important event in human IVD aging, with distinct cleavage patterns in the anulus and nucleus regions. No such information is available on regional variations in rat IVDs, nor on how such cleavage is affected by mechanical loading. Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented with an Ilizarov-type device and subjected to dynamic compression (1 MPa and 1 Hz for 8 hours per day for 8 weeks). Control, sham, and overloaded IVDs were separated by disc region and analyzed for aggrecan degradation products using immunoblotting techniques, with antibodies specific for the aggrecanase and MMP cleavage sites in the interglobular domain of aggrecan. Results. Control IVDs exhibited strong regional variation in aggrecan degradation patterns with minimal degradation products being present in the nucleus pulposus, degradation products associated with aggrecanase cleavage predominating in the inner anulus fibrosus (AF), and degradation products associated with MMP cleavage predominating in the outer AF. Dynamic compression overloading increased the amount of aggrecan degradation products associated with MMP cleavage not only in the AF but also in the nucleus pulposus. Degradation profiles of sham IVDs were similar to control. Conclusion. Aggrecan G1 regions resulting from proteolysis were found to have a strong regionally specific pattern in the rat IVD, which was altered under excessive loading. The shift from aggrecanase to MMP-induced degradation products with dynamic compression overloading suggests that protein degradation and loss can precede major structural disruption in the IVD, and that MMP-induced aggrecan degradation may be a marker of mechanically induced disc degeneration.
Phosphoric acid etching for multi-mode universal adhesive

Multi-mode universal adhesives (UA) are indicated as either self-etch or etch-and-rinse adhesives, and manufacturers also recommend an alternative ‘selective enamel etch’ technique. Currently available laboratory data support phosphoric acid selective etching of enamel prior to use of UA to improve bond strength. In another way to improve adhesion to enamel of UA without the use of phosphoric acid etching, increase of application time for 40 seconds rather than 20 seconds and active application (such as rubbing with microbrush) of UA in self-etch mode were suggested to increase the degree of conversion of the adhesive at the interface as well as the resin-enamel bond strength. When the dentin surface is pre-etched with phosphoric acid, it is thought that resin components of the self-etch adhesive have difficulty in penetrating the exposed collagen network, leading to a decrease in bond strength. Some experimental results showed equivalent dentin bonding quality of UA regardless of phosphoric acid etching, while in other studies additional phosphoric acid etching were beneficial for the dentin bond strength when using UA. In a recent randomized controlled clinical trial, the 36 month clinical behavior of Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) did not depend on the bonding mode. However, this type of adhesive was only recently introduced to the market, and there is limited information on the influence of phosphoric acid etching. Therefore, more researches and investigations are needed.