Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The marketing channels of the local food production and their food safety requirements

As the consequence of the modernization of the consumer habits and the intensive concentration process in retail sector there is an emerging need for building closer consumerproducer relations (Szabó, 2014). Local food production and localized food supply chains, often referred as food relocalisation, have recently become the focus of attention among consumers, producers, as well as policy makers (Balázs, 2012). These systems have a long tradition in the United States and in Western Europe, and they also have deep historic roots in Hungary (Balázs et. al, 2015). In Hungary about 70% trust more in farmers, compared to 30% in stores (Eurobarometer, 2011). The organic food producing activity is a special category in the range of local food production. The consumers usually keep the local food products healthier, fresher and safer as compared to the food marketed in the conventional food supply chains. This is even true for the organic food. In this case the consumers approve and appreciate the producing method also. However the market of organic products is quite small in Hungary, based on its development potential it has strategic importance (Szakály, 2004, in Szente, 2015). Relating to the abovementioned the aim of this article is to introduce the main marketing channels of Hungarian local food production, the relating most important food safety problems. I paid a special attention to the marketing channels of local organic production, because in this product circle the food safety requirements have vital importance. Keyword: food-safety, organic food consumption, consumers’ attitude, purchasing behaviour, organic marketing channels JEL Classification: Q19, R10 LCC: S1
Polyploidy in Liver Regeneration and Adaptation to Chronic Liver Injury

The liver contains diploid and polyploid hepatocytes (tetraploid, octaploid, etc.), with polyploids comprising ≥90% of the hepatocyte population in adult mice. Moreover, polyploid hepatocytes form multipolar spindles in mitosis, leading to individual chromosome gains and/or losses and random aneuploidy. The molecular mechanisms that regulate polyploidization have been well-characterized; however, it is unclear if diploid and polyploid hepatocytes function similarly in multiple contexts. The effect of aneuploidy on liver function is also unknown and the degree of liver aneuploidy is debated, with reports showing aneuploidy affects 5-60% of hepatocytes. We used mice lacking E2f7 and E2f8 in the liver (LKO), which have a polyploidization defect. We found diploid hepatocytes were enriched 20-fold in LKO livers and nearly all LKO hepatocytes were euploid compared to control hepatocytes, which were mostly aneuploid, suggesting polyploids are required for production of aneuploid progeny. Livers from LKO mice maintained normal function but became highly tumorigenic when challenged with tumor-promoting stimuli, suggesting that tumors in LKO mice were driven, at least in part, by diploid hepatocytes capable of rapid proliferation. Indeed, LKO hepatocytes were more proliferative and out-competed control hepatocytes in competitive repopulation studies. To eliminate potentially confounding effects associated with E2f7/E2f8 deficiency, diploid and polyploid hepatocytes from wild-type mice were examined. The wild-type diploid cells also showed a proliferative advantage, entering and progressing through the cell cycle faster than polyploid cells, both in vitro and during liver regeneration. Finally, to investigate the role of diploids and polyploids in chronic injury we bred LKO mice onto a tyrosinemia background, a disease model where the liver can develop disease-resistant, regenerative nodules. Survival was significantly reduced in tyrosinemic LKO mice, compared to controls, but they maintained the ability to form regenerative nodules. Molecular analyses revealed that the nodules in the tyrosinemic livers were generated via aneuploidy and inactivating mutations. In summary we identified diverse, context-specific roles for diploids and polyploids in liver function, demonstrating diploid hepatocytes are the most proliferative and have the highest capacity for liver regeneration, and polyploid hepatocytes are required for the formation of aneuploid progeny and facilitate adaptation to chronic liver disease.
Determination of Seasonal Changes in the Fat and Fatty Acid Profiles of Saurida lessepsianus (Russell, Golani and Tikochinski, 2015) Caught from Mersin Bay

In this study, seasonal changes in the lipid and fatty acid profiles of S. lessepsianus caught from the Mersin Bay were investigated. The total lipid levels of S. lessepsianus were found to be 2.94%, 7.19%, 2.45%, 0.83%, in spring, summer, autumn and winter season, respectively. Major fatty acids in S. lessepsianus were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in all seasons. The highest values of palmitic, palmitoleic and EPA were determined as 22.97%, 3.80% and 4.22% in spring, respectively. The highest values of stearic and oleic acid were determined as 15.93% and 7.84% in autumn, respectively. The highest value of DHA were also determined as 31.91% in winter season. The EPA level from polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in the range of 2.54-4.22% (23.09-195.62 mg/100g). The highest level of DHA were observed in the winter season and its levels changed in the range of 19.83-31.81% and was calculated as 201.29-1301.73 mg/100g. In addition, the highest level of the Σn3, Σn6, and Σn9 were calculated in the summer season as 1516.39, 114.88, 399.77 mg/100g, respectively. This report showed that fat and fatty acid profiles of S. lessepsianus are quite influenced by seasonal factors.
NPTE Predictors in a Hispanic‐serving Institution's Physical Therapist Education Program

Background and purpose. Many factors affect students' academic success in a physical therapist (PT) education program and their performance on the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE). Although studies have shown that academic variables assist in ensuring that qualified applicants are admitted into PT education programs, these studies have not included a minorityserving institution. The purposes of this study were to identify the academic variables that predict NPTE scores and/or pass rates and to determine if English as a second language (ESL) adds to the prediction among graduates from a primarily Hispanic‐serving institution. Subjects. 72 PT education program graduates from the University of Texas at El Paso master's degree program from the graduation years 2004‐2007 were included in this study. Methods. Admissions data and PT education program data were compiled. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple and logistic regression analyses. Results. Data analyses indicated statistically significant correlations between NPTE scores and the following variables: PT grade point average (GPA), visual analog scale (VAS) scores on the first clinical experience, English as a second language (ESL), pre‐PT GPA, verbal graduate record examination (GREv), and quantitative GRE (GREq) (P < .05). However, only PT GPA and pre‐PT GPA made unique contributions to the prediction of NPTE scores (P < .05). Using logistic regression, ESL also contributed uniquely (along with the GPAs) to NPTE pass or fail status (P = .02). Discussion and Conclusion. ESL added predictive value in conjunction with both types of GPAs when examining NPTE pass or fail status. Based on the results, we recommend that programs identify those students most at risk of failing the NPTE, specifically those with low PT/pre‐PT GPAs (below 3.5) and/or ESL, and provide them with supplemental preparatory experiences.
Intraspecific niche partitioning in macrodetritivores enhances mixed leaf litter decomposition

In biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research, the consideration of intraspecific trait variation and multiple trophic levels – both largely overlooked so far – has been proposed as a promising step towards a consensus about causal relationships and mechanisms. Soil invertebrates contribute crucially to leaf litter decomposition and thus to the functioning of one of the most diverse ecosystem components on Earth. On the one hand, a positive effect of leaf litter diversity on decomposition was shown by several studies. On the other hand, at the interspecific level, differences in body size and feeding traits of consumers influence this process by interacting with leaf litter traits that define decomposability, such as nutrient content and physical properties. It is also known that the feeding niche of consumers can vary during their ontogeny as it depends on individual body size, metabolism and physiology. However, whether and how intraspecific trait variation of macrodetritivores contributes through niche partitioning to the positive effect of litter combinations on decomposition was never investigated. Here, we tested experimentally the effect of intraspecific body size differences in the common terrestrial isopod species Oniscus asellus on the decomposition of the two co‐occurring litter species Acer platanoides and Betula pendula. We hypothesized complementary resource use by two distinct isopod body size classes, leading to decreased competition and higher overall litter decomposition. In a full factorial design with all possible combinations of litter species and isopod body size classes, litter mixtures enhanced decomposition beyond the additive effect of each single species, especially in isopod mixed‐body size treatments. Our results suggest an interaction between litter and consumer diversity driving intraspecific feeding niche partitioning. Although the focus on a single detritivore species does not allow for generalizations, our results should stimulate the investigation of the mechanisms of biotic interactions among individual organisms. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The Adolescent Athlete: A Practical Approach

Rehabilitation and Diagnosis. - Principles of Rehabilitation. - Diagnostic Imaging. - Anatomic Regions. - Traumatic Head Injuries. - Cervical and Thoracic Spine Injuries. - Lumbar Spine Injuries. - Thoracoabdominal Injuries. - Adolescent Shoulder Injuries. - Elbow and Forearm Injuries. - Injuries to the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers. - Pelvic, Hip, and Thigh Injuries. - Knee Injuries. - Lower Leg Injuries. - Foot and Ankle Injuries.
The Kinetic Changes of Systemic Inflammatory Factors during Bevacizumab Treatment and Its Prognostic Role in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Background: Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy is still one of the standard options for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without driver mutations. Serum inflammatory factors, representing the systemic immune status, are shown to have complicated relationships with tumor angiogenesis, and proved to be associated with survival of advanced NSCLC patients. However, the information from the baseline factors is relatively limited, which cannot reflect the dynamic changes of systemic immune status during bevacizumab treatment. We, thus, attempted to evaluate longitudinal kinetics of systemic inflammatory factors during treatment of bevacizumab and to explore their predictive role in treatment response and patient outcomes in advanced NSCLC. Method: Systemic inflammatory factors (neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), neutrophil×platelet/lymphocyte (SII) and lymphocyte/monocyte (LMR)) and clinical variables were collected and analyzed from 161 advanced NSCLC patients treated with bevacizumab. Mixed effect regression models were first performed for longitudinal analysis of the changes of serum inflammatory factors during bevacizumab treatment. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox models were used for overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) analyses to determine the independent prognostic factors. Results: In the first 6 cycles of bevacizumab treatment, patients with complete response/partial response (CR/PR) had a -0.11, -0.066, -0.15, and 0.073 change every 2 cycles in transformed NLR (95%CI: -0.19--0.03, p=0.008), PLR (95%CI: -0.12--0.013, p=0.015), SII (95%CI: -0.23--0.05, p<0.001) and LMR (95%CI: 0.049-0.14, p=0.036), respectively, compared to patients with progressive disease (PD). With respect to analysis of the longitudinal changes before progression, patients experienced a significant increase in transformed NLR (Coef=0.09, 95%CI: 0.019-0.17, p=0.014), PLR (Coef=0.05, 95%CI: 0.002-0.10, p=0.04), and SII (Coef=0.091, 95%CI: 0.015-0.17, p=0.019), but a decrease in transformed LMR (Coef=-0.08, 95%CI: -0.14-0.018, p=0.012). On multivariate Cox model analyses, decrease of LMR (HR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.4-0.96, p=0.033) was shown to be the independent risk factor for PFS; and low level of baseline LMR (HR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.17-0.94, p=0.036), increase of NLR (HR=2.36, 95%CI: 1.25-4.44, p=0.008), and decrease of LMR (HR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.18-0.97, p=0.041) were the independent risk factors for death. Conclusion: The activation of systemic immune status evaluated by the kinetic changes of serum inflammatory factors was associated with good response to bevacizumab; however, the suppressive status may indicate the resistance to bevacizumab. Dynamic changes of systemic inflammatory factors also had prognostic value in predicting outcomes of advanced NSCLC patients treated with bevacizumab.
Total Factor Productivity Growth: Evidence from West African Economies

Abstract Since the 1990s, the economic growth of the West African region has been remarkable, with average GDP growth of 5 per cent annually. In view of that, this article investigates the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) performance for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region, which takes into account the recent development on political stability and trade openness. There were also periods when TFP fell sharply, the most significant happened in the late 1990s and 2000s where TFP dropped significantly which might be attributed to the spillover effect of the Asian and global financial crises. Our results showed that TFP was performing well for the region as well as for each member countries for the period of the study. We acknowledged that the estimated TFP in our model captures other factors such as human capital, health and other institutional factors that could affect economic growth. We also estimated the Technical Efficiency (TE) for the ECOWAS region using the Stochastic Frontier Modelling and the result indicates that the TE performance is well below the optimal level of production.
Total elbow arthroplasty in type IIIC elbow fracture: A case report

Elbow arthroplasty is very successful in terms of pain relief, motion and function. Indications include posttraumatic osteoarthritis, acute distal humerus or proximal forearm fractures, and many others. With the present article, the authors would like to present the case of a patient who underwent total elbow arthroplasty following a car crash which resulted in the following conditions: IIIC type distal humerus open fracture, IIIC type proximal forearm open fracture, and multiple other lesions. Immediate surgical care consisted of primary wound correction and external fixation of the bones and secondary wound correction was practiced. A few months later the patient underwent total elbow arthroplasty. One year after the accident, following rigorous physical therapy, the patient has regained 45% of nerve function, 70% of muscle function and now can lead a relatively normal life. He can drive a car and use his elbow in daily activity. Although replacement arthroplasty was initially used mainly in patients with inflammatory arthritis, its indications were expanded to other conditions, which place higher demands on the implants and seem to lead to higher failure rates, but an elbow arthroplasty is a good option in complicated open fractures if we have a multidisciplinary team and the time of surgery is opportune despite the high failure risk.
Feeding Strategy and Effect on Fillet Quality of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

This thesis seeks to explore how changes in feeding strategy can affect the fillet quality of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). By changing the number of daily feedings or the degree of marine raw materials it will be reasonable to expect an effect from some of the main quality parameters in fish fillet. The thesis consists of two separate experiments. In the feed frequency experiment protein solubility, colouration, dry matter, lipid content and lysosomal protease activity was compared for fish fed one and three times daily. The results indicate that the group fed three times per day had wider spread in colouration, lower lipid content, higher content of sarcoplasmic proteins and lower cathepsin B+L activity compared to fish fed one time daily. No significant difference was detected in mean colouration, fillet hardness, breaking strength or water contents from changes in feeding rate. In the diet experiment, five groups of Atlantic salmon were reared in full-scale net pens and fed with marine based feed (MBF) at different durations under the growth phase (Group A: 41 weeks, B: 40 weeks, C: 27 weeks, D: 25 weeks and E: 0 weeks). A conventional industrial feed (CF) was otherwise used. Pigmentation, lipid content, fatty acid profile, amino acid profile and water content was compared between the groups. Changes of lipid content and colouration was compared in fresh fish and after freeze storage using visual analysis, NIR and UV spectrometry. Amino acids, fatty acids and water content was examined after freeze storage. Growth, weight spread, downgrading content, feed factors and visceral deposition was compared from slaughter data for the different feeding groups. Results indicates that increased dietary marine feed can lead to higher growth rates, lower feed factor, stronger red pigmentation, higher lipid contents, changes in amino acid profile and visceral deposition. No significant differences was detected in protein content, water content or superior quality grading. UltraPerformance Convergence ChromatographyTM (UPC2) may be a possible method for screening of fatty acid profile of unesterified fatty acids of fish fillets, however further method development are needed to clarify its potential. These experiments show that chosen feeding strategy can have an impact on several growth and quality parameters in Atlantic salmon. Further research is recommended in order to describe the mechanisms underlying these observations. The development into more sustainable feed raw materials still results in high quality products.
Pills, Thrills and Bellyaches: The effects of criminalising a 'legal high' in Aotearoa New Zealand

Commonly referred to as 'legal highs', new psychoactive substances (NPS) are synthetic or naturally occurring substances that mimic the effects of illegal drugs such as cannabis, amphetamines, and ecstasy. Through presenting the results of a cohort study with BZP-party pill users in Aotearoa New Zealand, this article considers the evidence for any 'displacement effect' caused by the criminalisation of the drug in 2008. The findings demonstrate that prohibition was only successful insofar as users ceased taking the banned NPS. In contrast to previous research, we found a strong displacement effect following criminalisation with half of the sample increasing their use of other illegal drugs and, for a third, their use of alcohol.
Folate and reproductive health. An epidemiologic study of folic acid supplement use and its relation to birth outcomes in Norwegian pregnant women

Background: Randomized trials and observational studies have consistently shown that maternal intake of folic acid supplements before and early in pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects in infants. These reports constitute the basis for recommending fertile women to use folic acid supplements before and during early pregnancy and for introducing food fortification programs with folic acid in numerous countries. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that prenatal use of vitamins including folic acid may also have a protective effect on other adverse pregnancy outcomes and complications as well. Objectives: In Norway, periconceptional folic acid supplement use is low, despite official recommendations and information campaigns to fertile women. This thesis aimed to examine the patterns of folic acid supplement use in Norwegian pregnant women and to identify important predictors of periconceptional use 1 month before pregnancy and throughout the first 3 months of pregnancy. We also tested whether various folate indicators, including prenatal folic acid supplement use, were associated with placental abruption and infant birth size. These outcomes have been linked to folate in previous studies, but results are inconsistent, possibly due to small sample sizes and methodological limitations. Materials: For the purpose of this thesis, we used observational data from two wellestablished data bases: the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) and the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). MBRN is a national health registry in which registration of all live births and stillbirths in Norway has been compulsory since 1967 (50,000-60,000 births per year), whereas MoBa is a population-based prospective study of Norwegian pregnant women which includes more than 100,000 pregnancies between 1999 and 2008. Results: Our first paper (based on MoBa) showed that 71.6 percent of the MoBa participants in 2000-2003 had taken folic acid-containing supplements at some time
De Novo Protein Design for Novel Folds using Guided Conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (gcWGAN)

Motivation Facing data quickly accumulating on protein sequence and structure, this study is addressing the following question: to what extent could current data alone reveal deep insights into the sequence-structure relationship, such that new sequences can be designed accordingly for novel structure folds? Results We have developed novel deep generative models, constructed low-dimensional and generalizable representation of fold space, exploited sequence data with and without paired structures, and developed ultra-fast fold predictor as an oracle providing feedback. The resulting semi-supervised gcWGAN is assessed with the oracle over 100 novel folds not in the training set and found to generate more yields and cover 3.6 times more target folds compared to a competing data-driven method (cVAE). Assessed with structure predictor over representative novel folds (including one not even part of basis folds), gcWGAN designs are found to have comparable or better fold accuracy yet much more sequence diversity and novelty than cVAE. gcWGAN explores uncharted sequence space to design proteins by learning from current sequence-structure data. The ultra fast data-driven model can be a powerful addition to principle-driven design methods through generating seed designs or tailoring sequence space. Availability Data and source codes will be available upon request. Contact yshen@tamu.edu Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.