Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of CRUSADE and ACUITY-HORIZONS Scores for Predicting Long-term Out-of-Hospital Bleeding after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Background: There is scanty evidence concerning the ability of Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) and Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy and Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (ACUITY-HORIZONS) scores to predict out-of-hospital bleeding risk after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) with drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy. We aimed to assess and compare the long-term prognostic value of these scores regarding out-of-hospital bleeding risk in such patients. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of 10,724 patients undergoing PCI between January and December 2013 in Fuwai Hospital, China. All patients were followed up for 2 years and evaluated through the Fuwai Hospital Follow-up Center. Major bleeding was defined as Types 2, 3, and 5 according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium Definition criteria. Results: During a 2-year follow-up, 245 of 9782 patients (2.5%) had major bleeding (MB). CRUSADE (21.00 [12.00, 29.75] vs. 18.00 [11.00, 26.00], P < 0.001) and ACUITY-HORIZONS (9.00 [3.00, 14.00] vs. 6.00 [3.00, 12.00], P < 0.001) risk scores were both significantly higher in the MB than non-MB groups. Both scores showed a moderate predictive value for MB in the whole study cohort (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve [AUROC], 0.565; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.529–0.601, P = 0.001; AUROC, 0.566; 95% CI, 0.529–0.603, P < 0.001, respectively) and in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subgroup (AUROC: 0.579, 95% CI: 0.531–0.627, P = 0.001; AUROC, 0.591; 95% CI, 0.544–0.638, P < 0.001, respectively). However, neither score was a significant predictor in the non-ACS subgroup (P > 0.05). The value of CRUSADE and ACUITY-HORIZONS scores did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in the whole cohort, ACS subgroup, or non-ACS subgroup. Conclusions: CRUSADE and ACUITY-HORIZONS scores showed statistically significant but relatively limited long-term prognostic value for out-of-hospital MB after PCI with DES in a cohort of Chinese patients. The value of CRUSADE and ACUITY-HORIZONS scores did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in the whole cohort, ACS subgroup, or non-ACS subgroup.
Non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter direct detection

Dark matter direct detection searches for signals coming from dark matter scattering against nuclei at a very low recoil energy scale ∼ 10 keV. In this paper, a simple non-relativistic effective theory is constructed to describe interactions between dark matter and nuclei without referring to any underlying high energy models. It contains the minimal set of operators that will be tested by direct detection. The effective theory approach highlights the set of distinguishable recoil spectra that could arise from different theoretical models. If dark matter is discovered in the near future in direct detection experiments, a measurement of the shape of the recoil spectrum will provide valuable information on the underlying dynamics. We bound the coefficients of the operators in our non-relativistic effective theory by the null results of current dark matter direct detection experiments. We also discuss the mapping between the non-relativistic effective theory and field theory models or operators, including aspects of the matching of quark and gluon operators to nuclear form factors.
Socioeconomic factors affecting marriage, divorce and birth rates in a Japanese population

Summary The effects of low income, urbanisation and young age population on age-adjusted rates of first marriage, divorce and live birth among the Japanese population in 46 prefectures were analysed by stepwise regression for 1970 and for 1975. During this period, Japanese society experienced a drastic change from long-lasting economic growth to serious recession in 1973. In both 1970 and 1975, the first marriage rate for females was inversely related to low income and the divorce rates for both males and females were positively related to low income. The live birth rate was significantly related to low income, urbanisation and young age population only in 1975. The first marriage rate for females and the divorce rates for both sexes increased significantly but the first marriage rate for males and live birth rate significantly decreased between 1970 and 1975. These findings suggest that low income was the essential factor affecting first marriage for females and divorce for males and females.
Argyrophilic grain disease presenting with frontotemporal dementia: A neuropsychological and pathological study of an autopsied case with presenile onset

A right‐handed Japanese man with no consanguinity exhibited personality changes, speech disorder and abnormal behaviors, such as stereotypical, running‐away, environment‐dependent, and going‐my‐way behaviors, since the age of 49 years. At age 52 years, neuropsychological examination revealed frontal lobe dysfunctions, mild memory impairment, and transcortical sensory aphasia. MRI showed symmetrical severe atrophy of the anterior part of the temporal and frontal lobes. The clinical diagnosis was FTD. He died at age 54 years after a clinical illness of approximately 5 years. Numerous argyrophilic grains were observed throughout the limbic system, temporal lobe, frontal lobe and brainstem. In addition, there were many tau‐positive neurons and glial cells. These findings are all compatible with argyrophilic grain disease (AGD). Our case, however, is atypical AGD because of the young age of onset of the disease and sharply circumscribed cortical atrophy exhibiting severe neuronal loss and gliosis. Our case, together with some other similar cases of atypical AGD, gives rise to the possibility that this type of AGD would constitute a part of pathological background of FTD.
Role of SUMOylation in Full Antiestrogenicity

ABSTRACT The selective estrogen receptor downregulator (SERD) fulvestrant can be used as second-line treatment for patients relapsing after treatment with tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Unlike tamoxifen, SERDs are devoid of partial agonist activity. While the full antiestrogenicity of SERDs may result in part from their capacity to downregulate levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) through proteasome-mediated degradation, SERDs are also fully antiestrogenic in the absence of increased receptor turnover in HepG2 cells. Here we report that SERDs induce the rapid and strong SUMOylation of ERα in ERα-positive and -negative cell lines, including HepG2 cells. Four sites of SUMOylation were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. In derivatives of the SERD ICI164,384, SUMOylation was dependent on the length of the side chain and correlated with full antiestrogenicity. Preventing SUMOylation by the overexpression of a SUMO-specific protease (SENP) deSUMOylase partially derepressed transcription in the presence of full antiestrogens in HepG2 cells without a corresponding increase in activity in the presence of agonists or of the SERM tamoxifen. Mutations increasing transcriptional activity in the presence of full antiestrogens reduced SUMOylation levels and suppressed stimulation by SENP1. Our results indicate that ERα SUMOylation contributes to full antiestrogenicity in the absence of accelerated receptor turnover.
Patterns of health-compromising behaviors among Minnesota adolescents: sociodemographic variations.

OBJECTIVES This study compared prevalence rates of health-compromising behaviors among boys and girls from different ethnic backgrounds in early, middle, and late adolescence and compared co-occurrences of such behaviors across gender and ethnic groups. METHODS The study population included 123 132 adolescents in grades 6, 9, and 12. Adolescents completed a classroom-administered statewide survey focusing on high-risk behaviors, including unhealthy weight loss, substance abuse, suicide risk, delinquency, and sexual activity. RESULTS Prevalence rates of most health-compromising behaviors differed by gender, increased with age, and tended to be highest among American Indian youth and lowest among Asian Americans. Strong associations were found between substance abuse and delinquency across all ethnic groups. Substance abuse and delinquency were associated with suicide risk across most ethnic groups. Covariations with sexual activity and unhealthy weight loss behaviors showed more ethnic variation. CONCLUSIONS Prevention interventions should take into account the tendency for health-compromising behaviors to co-occur and should be sensitive to demographic and socioeconomic differences in behavior patterns.
Adverse Drug Reactions during Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Solid Neoplasms

Currently, 1 per cent isosulfan blue dye and technetium-99-labeled sulfur colloid (SC) are used in lymphatic mapping (LM). Several reports have suggested that the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during LM is high. We report our experience with LM for solid neoplasms in order to determine the incidence and risk factors for development of ADRs. Seven hundred fifty-three patients (90% women, mean age 57) underwent LM with blue dye alone or in combination with SC from 1998 to 2004. The most common malignancy was breast cancer (83%). One hundred ten patients (14%) had injection of both mapping agents. Most patients (87%) underwent intraparenchymal injection of LM agent. Eight patients (1.1%) had an ADR during LM; none had prior exposure to LM. Of these, 7 had limited reactions (mostly blue hives) that quickly resolved. One patient (0.1%) developed anaphylaxis. The ADR incidence in patients with a sulfa allergy was not significantly different than that in patients without a sulfa allergy (3.4 vs 1%, P = 0.12). No risk factors for development of ADR were identified. Overall, the incidence of ADR during LM is low. Patients with sulfa allergies and prior exposure to LM did not demonstrate an increased incidence of ADR. Anaphylaxis, though rare, can occur during LM.
Inhibition of CDK4 impairs proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and sensitizes towards TRAIL‐induced apoptosis via downregulation of survivin

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer death in Western countries with an average survival after diagnosis of 3–6 months and a five‐year survival rate under 5%. Because of the lack of effective therapies, there is the need to characterize new molecular treatment strategies. Abnormal regulation of the cell cycle is a hallmark of neoplasia. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), a key regulator of G1‐phase of the cell cycle, has been shown to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. Until now, the contribution of CDK4 to tumor maintenance of pancreatic cancer has not been investigated. In this study, we used the chemical CDK4 inhibitor 2‐bromo‐12,13‐dihydro‐5H‐indolo[2,3‐a]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐5,7(6H)‐dione, as well as RNA interference, to investigate the function of CDK4 in pancreatic cancer cells. Both approaches led to a reduction of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation due to G1‐phase cell cycle arrest and Rb activation. Furthermore, we observed increased sensitivity of G1‐arrested pancreatic cancer cells towards TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Sensitization towards TRAIL was due to the transcriptional downregulation of survivin. These findings show that a combined sensitizer/inducer strategy may be a potential therapeutic strategy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pricing of Long-Dated Commodity Derivatives: Do Stochastic Interest Rates Matter?

Does modelling stochastic interest rates, beyond stochastic volatility, improve pricing performance on long-dated commodity derivatives? To answer this question, we consider futures price models for commodity derivatives that allow for stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rates and a correlation structure between the underlying variables. We examine the empirical pricing performance of these models on pricing long-dated crude oil derivatives. Estimating the model parameters from historical crude oil futures prices and option prices, we find that stochastic interest rate models improve pricing performance on long-dated crude oil derivatives, when the interest rate volatility is relatively high. Furthermore, increasing the model dimensionality does not tend to improve the pricing performance on long-dated crude oil option prices, but it matters for long-dated futures prices. We also find empirical evidence for a negative correlation between crude oil futures prices and interest rates that contributes to improving fit to long-dated crude oil option prices.
Social Dialogue in Central and Eastern Europe: Present State and Future Development

This article examines social dialogue in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and the three Baltic states. It argues that social dialogue in these countries does not measure up to the minimum criteria for effectiveness and has failed to counteract serious reductions in real wages and employment opportunities. It presents ideas on how to improve the social dialogue and suggests how these improvements might be initiated. However, many of the proposals face difficulties because of the weak organizational capacities of the state and especially of the social partners. It is therefore unlikely that these countries will be capable of substantially improving the social dialogue using their own resources; this would require more forceful intervention by the European Union.
M-Estimators of U-Processes With a Change-Point Due to a Covariate Threshold

Economic theory often predicts a “tipping point” effect due to multiple equilibria. Linear threshold regressions estimate the “tipping point” by assuming at the same time that the response variable is linear in an index of covariates. However, economic theory rarely imposes a specific functional form, but rather predicts a monotonic relationship between the response variable and the index. We propose new, rank-based, estimators for both the “tipping point” and other regression coefficients, exploiting only the monotonicity condition. We derive the asymptotic properties of these estimators by establishing a more general result for M-estimators of U-processes with a change-point due to a covariate threshold. We finally apply our method to provide new estimates of the “tipping point” of social segregation in four major cities in the United States. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Venous thromboembolism in ANCA-associated vasculitis--incidence and risk factors.

OBJECTIVES In patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), mainly during active disease, has been described. In a large cohort of AAV patients, we assessed the incidence of VTE and its relation with disease activity and classic risk factors for VTE. METHODS Patients newly diagnosed with AAV between 1990 and 2005 and treated with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids were included. Data were retrospectively retrieved from charts and by questionnaire. The incidence of VTE associated with and following a diagnosis of AAV was calculated (VTE/100 person-years) and related to periods with active disease. RESULTS One hundred and ninety-eight patients with AAV were followed for 6.1 (0.2-17.6) yrs. In 23 patients (12%), 25 VTEs (17 deep venous thromboses, 3 pulmonary emboli, 5 both) occurred in association with AAV, of which 52% occurred during active disease, defined as 3 months before and after diagnosis or relapse of AAV. Overall, VTE incidence was 1.8/100 person-years, increasing to 6.7/100 during active disease. VTEs occurred significantly less frequently in patients with WG than in patients with microscopic polyangiitis and renal limited vasculitis. Classic risk factors were present in most patients at some moment during follow-up. There were no significant differences in classic risk factors between patients with and without AAV-associated VTE. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AAV have an increased risk of developing VTEs, especially when AAV is active. This finding could not be explained by classic risk factors, but is probably related to endothelial changes and hypercoagulability induced by AAV and its therapy.
Neuropsychological Impairment in Detoxified Alcohol-Dependent Subjects with Preserved Psychosocial Functioning

Background Chronic alcoholism and its related cognitive impairments are associated with increased social, relational, and professional deficits which have a variable overall impact on social integration. These impairments are known to have varying severities and have rarely been studied among healthy alcohol-dependent subjects with preserved psychosocial functioning. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe neuropsychological performance in this particular population. Method Twenty-nine socially adjusted alcohol-dependent men, hospitalized for a first or second withdrawal and abstinent for 3 weeks minimum, were compared to 29 healthy non-alcoholic controls. All subjects underwent clinical and psychiatric examination, neuropsychological tests of memory (M), working memory (WM), and executive functions (EF). Comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests. Results No group differences were found on the Self-Reported Social Adjustment Scale (SAS-SR) or in the Mini-Mental State Examination. Compared to controls, patients had greater episodic, spatial, and WM deficits as well as slightly altered executive functions. In contrast, their executive functions (spontaneous flexibility, criteria generation, rule maintenance, and inhibitory control) were relatively preserved. Conclusion Our sample of socially and professionally integrated alcoholic patients shows fewer cognitive deficits than described in previous studies. Our results suggest that early on, alcohol-dependent subjects develop compensatory adaptation processes to preserve social function and adaptation. Minor cognitive impairments should be screened early in the disease to integrate cognitive interventions into the health-care plan to thus eventually prevent further socio-professional marginalization.
Transcervical Foley Catheter With and Without Extraamniotic Saline Infusion for Labor Induction: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of transcervical Foley catheter alone (Foley) to transcervical Foley catheter with extraamniotic saline infusion for labor induction and cervical ripening in women with an unfavorable cervix. METHODS: This was a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of women presenting for labor induction with a singleton, cephalic fetus, intact membranes, and unfavorable cervix (Bishop score 6 or less). Eligible women were randomly assigned to receive either Foley catheter alone or Foley catheter with extraamniotic saline infusion. All women received concurrent oxytocin administration. The primary study outcome was the induction-to-delivery interval. Secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery, maternal infectious outcomes, and immediate neonatal outcomes. Analysis was by intent to treat. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-eight women met eligibility criteria and were randomly assigned (Foley plus extraamniotic saline infusion, n=97; Foley, n=91). Baseline demographic characteristics, including parity, gestational age, and Bishop score were similar between the study groups. The median induction-to-delivery interval in the extraamniotic saline infusion arm (12.6 hours, interquartile range 9.3–18.8 hours) was similar to that in the Foley arm (13.4 hours, interquartile range 9.6–17.5 hours) (P=. 70). The proportion of women delivered by 24 hours was comparable between groups (delivery 24 hours, extraamniotic saline infusion 89.7%, Foley 87.9%, P=.70), as was the rate of cesarean delivery (Foley 18.7%, extraamniotic saline infusion 27.8%, P=.14). No significant differences were noted between the study groups with respect to rate of chorioamnionitis, endometritis, or immediate birth outcomes. CONCLUSION: In women with an unfavorable cervix, the addition of extraamniotic saline infusion to a transcervical Foley catheter does not improve efficacy for labor induction. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials. gov, NCT00442663 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I
Understanding and Improving NADPH‐Dependent Reactions by Nongrowing Escherichia coli Cells

We have shown that whole Escherichia coli cells overexpressing NADPH‐dependent cyclohexanone monooxygenase carry out a model Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation with high volumetric productivity (0.79 g ϵ‐caprolactone/L·h ) under nongrowing conditions (Walton, A. Z.; Stewart, J. D. Biotechnol. Prog. 2002, 18 , 262–268). This is approximately 20‐fold higher than the space‐time yield for reactions that used growing cells of the same strain. Here, we show that the intracellular stability of cyclohexanone monooxygenase and the rate of substrate transport across the cell membrane were the key limitations on the overall reaction duration and rate, respectively. Directly measuring the levels of intracellular nicotinamide cofactors under bioprocess conditions suggested that E. coli cells could support even more efficient NADPH‐dependent bioconversions if a more suitable enzyme‐substrate pair were identified. This was demonstrated by reducing ethyl acetoacetate with whole cells of an E. coli strain that overexpressed an NADPH‐dependent, short‐chain dehydrogenase from bakerapos;s yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Under glucose‐fed, nongrowing conditions, this reduction proceeded with a space‐time yield of 2.0 g/L·h and a final product titer of 15.8 g/L using a biocatalyst:substrate ratio (g/g) of only 0.37. These values are significantly higher than those obtained previously. Moreover, the stoichiometry linking ketone reduction and glucose consumption (2.3 ± 0.1) suggested that the citric acid cycle supplied the bulk of the intracellular NADPH under our process conditions. This information can be used to improve the efficiency of glucose utilization even further by metabolic engineering strategies that increase carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway.
Antiplasmodial activity of selected Sudanese medicinal plants with emphasis on­Acacia nilotica

Twenty‐two plant organs from eleven plants comprising five families were extracted and screened for antiplasmodial activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (chloroquine sensitive) and Dd2 (chloroquine resistant and pyrimethamine sensitive). Fifty nine percent of plant extracts from 22 extracts exerted activity on P. falciparum strain 3D7 with an IC50 less than 50 µg/mL, whereas 43% of plant extracts showed an IC50 value within 50 µg/mL on Dd2 strains. Plant extracts from Gardenia lutea, Haplophyllum tuberculatum, Cassia tora, Acacia nilotica and Aristolochia bracteolata possessed IC50 values less than 5 µg/mL on both tested strains. Bioassay guided fractionation of A. nilotica revealed that the ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest activity (IC50 = 1.5 µg/mL). Fraction 2 (Rf = 0.75) prepared by preparative chromatography showed the highest activity on P. falciparum (IC50 = 1.7 µg/mL). Phytochemical analysis indicated that the most active phase contained terpenoids and tannins and was devoid of alkaloids and saponins. The effect of plant extracts on lymphocyte proliferation showed low toxicity to the human cells. This plant has been subjected to long term clinical trials in folk medicine and is a promising plant. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.