Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Riparian evapotranspiration is essential to simulate streamflow dynamics and water budgets in a Mediterranean catchment

Abstract. Riparian trees can regulate streamflow dynamics and water budgets by taking up large amounts of water from both soil and groundwater compartments. However, their role has not been fully recognized in the hydrologic literature and the catchment modeling community. In this study, we explored the influence of riparian evapotranspiration (ET) on streamflow by simulating daily stream water exports from three nested Mediterranean catchments, both including and excluding the riparian compartment in the structure of the PERSiST (Precipitation, Evapotranspiration and Runoff Simulator for Solute Transport) rainfall–runoff model. The model goodness of fit for the calibration period (September 2010–August 2012) significantly improved with the inclusion of the riparian compartment, especially during the vegetative period, when according to our simulations, the riparian zone significantly reduced the overestimation of mean daily streamflow (from 53 % to 27 %). At the catchment scale, simulated riparian ET accounted for 5.5 % to 8.4 % of annual water depletions over a 20-year reference period (1981–2000), and its contribution was especially noticeable during summer (from 8 % to 26 %). Simulations considering climate change scenarios suggest large increases in riparian ET during the dormant period (from 19 % to 46 %) but only small increases (from 1 % to 2 %) in its contribution to annual water budgets. Overall, our results highlight that a good assessment of riparian ET is essential for understanding catchment hydrology and streamflow dynamics in Mediterranean regions. Thus, the inclusion of the riparian compartment in hydrological models is strongly recommended in order to establish proper management strategies in water-limited regions.
Predation on settling bivalve larvae by benthic suspension feeders: the role of hydrodynamics and larval behaviour

Predation by the suspension-feeding infaunal bivalve Cerastoderrna edule on settling C edule larvae was studied In a flume boundary-layer flow The density of settled larvae was reduced by 33 "b in an area of 5 cm2 enclosing individual adults Mean survival time for competent C edule larvae drifting over sediment populated wlth feeding adults (380 ind m-2) was 64 S, and 75 % of the observed larvae were inhaled by adults Observations of the siphonal curients produced by C edule and the swimmlng behavlour of larvae were combined in a computer model to assess the importance of adult density and boundary-layer flow on the predation nsk expenenced by setthng larvae Survival of setthng larvae decreased drastically wlth Increasing adult density whereas increased flow velocity caused only a sllghtly higher predation nsk Although reduction in larval settlement on the scale of individual adults may be small or moderate, inhalation of settling larvae by populations of resident suspension feeders may cause a significant decrease In settlement on a larger scale (10' to lo3 m)
The Signature of Evolving Turbulence in Quiet Solar Wind as Seen by Ulysses

Solar wind fluctuations, such as magnetic field or velocity, show power-law power spectra suggestive both of an inertial range of intermittent turbulence (with ~–5/3 exponent), and at lower frequencies, of fluctuations of coronal origin (with ~–1 exponent). The Ulysses spacecraft spent many months in the quiet fast solar wind above the Sun’s polar coronal holes in a highly ordered magnetic field. We use statistical analysis methods such as the generalized structure function (GSF) and extended self-similarity (ESS) to quantify the scaling of the moments of the probability density function of fluctuations in the magnetic field. The GSFs give power law scaling in the f−1 range of the form ⟨|y(t + τ) − y(t)|m⟩∼ τζ (m), but ESS is required to reveal scaling in the inertial range, which is of the form ⟨|y(t + τ) − y(t|m⟩ ∼ [g(τ)]ζ (m). We find that g(τ) is independent of spacecraft position and . The f−1 scaling fluctuates with radial spacecraft position. This confirms that, whereas the f−1 fluctuations are directly influenced by the corona, the inertial range fluctuations are consistent with locally evolving turbulence, but with an envelope g(τ) , which captures the formation of the quiet fast solar wind.
Vortex wake and energy transitions of an oscillating cylinder at low Reynolds number

To better understand vortex-induced vibration at low Reynolds number, a two-dimensional numerical study of the forced oscillation of a cylinder in cross-flow was undertaken. The Karman vortex shed- ding mode (2S) of the forced oscillation of a cylinder in cross-flow incorporated a gradual change from positive to negative energy trans- fer with increasing amplitude of motion. As amplitude was increased, the 2S shedding mode evolved into an asymmetric mode of shedding in which a pair and a single vortex (P +S) were shed each motion cy- cle. Energy contours were established in the region of primary lock-in and the boundary of zero energy transfer was defined. The observed P + S mode only occurred in the region of negative energy transfer.
School feeding in KwaZulu-Natal : challenges faced by local women's co-operatives as service providers.

This study identifies and explores the challenges faced by Local Women’s Co-operatives as service providers to the school feeding programmes in KwaZulu-Natal. It was motivated by the need to provide information, which could be used as a basis to ensure that the nutritional and educational objectives of the National School Nutritional Programme could co-exist with local women’s economic empowerment. A review of literature will demonstrate that, within the developmental framework, school feeding programmes are a valuable strategy and that there are diverse views as to whether co-operatives should be the preferred institutional model. The findings of this study suggest that the Local Women’s Co-operatives are presented with significant challenges. These challenges arise as a result of the co-operative as an organisational form and from the method of conceptualisation and implementation of the Local Women’s Cooperative model. The consequences are that the objectives of both the National School Nutritional Programme and the promotion of women’s initiatives are placed at risk.
A Layer Decomposition-Recomposition Framework for Neuron Pruning towards Accurate Lightweight Networks

Neuron pruning is an efficient method to compress the network into a slimmer one for reducing the computational cost and storage overhead. Most of state-of-the-art results are obtained in a layer-by-layer optimization mode. It discards the unimportant input neurons and uses the survived ones to reconstruct the output neurons approaching to the original ones in a layer-by-layer manner. However, an unnoticed problem arises that the information loss is accumulated as layer increases since the survived neurons still do not encode the entire information as before. A better alternative is to propagate the entire useful information to reconstruct the pruned layer instead of directly discarding the less important neurons. To this end, we propose a novel Layer DecompositionRecomposition Framework (LDRF) for neuron pruning, by which each layer’s output information is recovered in an embedding space and then propagated to reconstruct the following pruned layers with useful information preserved. We mainly conduct our experiments on ILSVRC-12 benchmark with VGG-16 and ResNet-50. What should be emphasized is that our results before end-to-end fine-tuning are significantly superior owing to the information-preserving property of our proposed framework. With end-to-end fine-tuning, we achieve state-of-the-art results of 5.13× and 3× speed-up with only 0.5% and 0.65% top-5 accuracy drop respectively, which outperform the existing neuron pruning methods.
The golden Age : poems of the Spanish Renaissance

Celebrating the Spanish Renaissance's greatest poems and offering a new appreciation of Spain's "Golden Age, " Edith Grossman turns her passionate fervor and stylistic brilliance to the works of Jorge Manrique; Garcilaso de la Vega, a soldier and courtier who wrote love poetry; Fray Luis de Leon, a converso Jew; San Juan de la Cruz, whose poems are the finest exemplars of Christian mysticism; Luis de Gongora, a great sensualist; Lope de Vega, Cervantes' rival; Francisco de Quevedo, the ultimate Baroque poet; and Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, the nun whose haunting poetry embodied the voice of Mexico. Through these glorious voices, presented in facing-page Spanish and English, The Golden Age offers a new way to connect with the literary heritage of the Spanish-speaking world.
Characterization of p30 membrane protein gene of Mycoplasma agalactiae isolates by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease enzyme assay

Seven hundred and eight (708) samples collected from the goats of Gujarat were screened for Mycoplasma agalactiae by culture and PCR using 16S rRNA based genus specific and species-specific primers. Amplification of the p30 membrane protein gene was carried out using specific primers and the resultant amplicons were subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. The isolates yielded 715 bp and 360 bp products with genus-specific and species-specific primers, respectively and were identified as M. agalactiae. Amplification of the p30 membrane protein gene yielded a 730 bp product. Restriction enzyme analysis of the 730 bp amplicon of p30 gene with RsaI and MboII yielded 2 fragments (654 bp and 74 bp) and 3 fragments (111 bp, 375 bp and 244 bp), respectively. Digestion with Sau3AI yielded two fragments (461 bp and 269 bp) while digestion with AluI resulted in 3 fragments (342 bp, 328 bp and 60 bp). The results of the present study revealed the presence of polymorphism at the respective positions of p30 membrane protein gene of M. agalactiae isolates examined by the restriction digestion. These polymorphisms can result into changes in pathogenesis and persistence inside the host and require further investigation of immunological outcome of these polymorphisms. Key words: Mycoplasma agalactiae, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction enzyme, p30.
Evaluation of the binder effects of the gum mucilages of Cissus populnea and Acassia senegal on the mechanical properties of paracetamol tablets

A comparative study has been carried out to investigate the binder effects of the gums of Cissus populnea and Accasia senegal on the mechanical properties of paracetamol tablets. Tablet mechanical properties evaluated include the packing fraction (Pf), the tensile strength (T) and the brittle fracture tendency (BFI). Varying concentrations of the gum mucilage ranging from 1 15% (w/v) was prepared and their relative viscosities determined. Each concentration was used to wet massed paracetamol powder to form granules. Tablets of paracetamol (500 ± 6.5 mg) were compressed at a constant compression load (7 arbitruary units on the scale). The tablets were equilibrated for 24 h before evaluation. At all binder concentrations A. senegal gum produced harder and more consolidated tablets than C. populnea as reflected by the higher T and Pf values respectively. For instance, the T and Pf values of the tablets at binder concentration of 10% (w/v) were 0.69 MNm and 0.47 (A. senegal) and 0.57 MNm and 0.23 (C. populnea), respectively. On the contrary, an increase in binder concentration generally resulted in a decrease in BFI values and this decrease was more marked with C. populnea. The study showed that A. senegal mucilage displayed better tableting characteristics and higher tendency for ameliorating capping tendency. Both mucilages have the potentials for substitution as binder for the more expensive starches in tablet formulation.
Ultrastructural changes of the extracellular matrix of the trabecular meshwork with age.

The morphology of the extracellular matrix was studied in a series of human trabecular meshworks obtained from specimens of different ages without any known ocular pathology. Our aim was to identify ultrastructural changes related to an increase in intraocular pressure with aging. 24 trabecular meshworks obtained from individuals with ages ranging from 23 to 99 were specifically prepared for subsequent transmission electron microscopic observation using standard techniques. Our results show that the extracellular matrix of the trabecular beams undergoes progressive changes with increasing age in all its components (collagen fibres, elastin-like plaques and basal membrane). These changes may be related to an increase in intraocular pressure since they can alter the aqueous outflow from the anterior chamber to Schlemm's canal and can interfere with the drainage, facilitating mechanism of the ciliary muscle.
Geological Origin of the Volcanic Islands of the Caroline Group in the Federated States of Micronesia, Western Pacific

We present a geological review of the volcanic islands of the Caroline Islands group (Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae) of the Federated States of Micronesia, to understand the origin and mechanism of formation of these volcanic islands. Previous geochronological data from the three volcanic islands (Chuuk: 14.8 to 4.3 Ma; Pohnpei: 8.7 to 0.92; and Kosrae: 2 to 1 Ma), indicate a progressive increase in age towards west, based on which a hot-spot origin was assigned. However, overlap in age of the volcanic islands and the absence of a hot spot east of Kosrae suggest involvement of other tectonic activity for their formation besides the simple hot-spot model. By observing geological features in the field (e.g., occurrence of structurally younger dikes which cross-cut the older volcanic sequences, presence of extensive dikes with columnar joints; indicative of extensional environment) and literature survey, we consider that the Caroline volcanic islands were not only remnants of a hot spot trace; as generally agreed by many authors, but were also produced in a fracture-induced subduction-related tectonic environment.
SYNTHESIZING THE SMALL TOWN 2 “ Synthesizing the Small Town : Why Conservatism ?

The small town has often been a romanticized topic for the public at large. Often it is discussed in terms of quaintness and nostalgia for an older time; meanwhile, the effects of the small town in the here-and-now are glossed over and not given sufficient attention to fill in the finer details (Bellah et al. 1985). Prominent sociologists cite the small town and rural society as a source of conservative ideology (Wuthnow, 2014; Smith & Krannich 2000), however, they fail to show how conservative ideology is supposedly created in the small town. Instead, sociologists and the public at large blindly accept conservatism in rural society as a putative “fact” that is “confirmed” by anecdotal observations or is seemingly common knowledge. Through my research, I aim to fill that gap of sociological knowledge. This article discusses core values held by members of the small town, the major premises of conservative thought, how these are developed in the small town, and how they relate to broader conservative ideology in the United States. In this article, I believe sociologists and general readers alike will find that proving the assumption of conservatism in rural society is more complex than previously assumed and that the insights from proving it are worthwhile in a goal to better understand society as a whole.
Safety nets and income transfers in South Africa

This paper review the country's four main safety nets: old age pensions, maintenance grants for children, food-based transfer programs, and tax exemptions on commodities primarily consumed by the poor. Besides discussion the current and potential budget implications of these programs, the paper explores their impact on poverty and the overlap of beneficiaries, or lack thereof. The impact of the programs on poverty is viewed from the perspective of raising the consumption of those who do not have the potential for supporting themselves at or above the poverty line. The paper also considers the potential for the programs to serve as a temporary means to maintain consumption of individuals who, on average, have adequate consumption. Finally, the paper explores whether the programs augment other investments in human capital.
Preliminary Outcome Of The Management Of Vesicovaginal Fistulae At A Teaching Hospital In Southeastern Nigeria.

Background: Vesicovaginal fistula (VIF) is one of the most dehumanizing complications that can result from labour or urogenital surgeries. It is still very common in developing countries. It can lead to serious physiological, social and psychological problems with major impact on the life of the sufferers. Aim: To evaluate the causes and management outcome of VVF at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu in Southeastern Nigeria. Patients and Methods: All Patients managed for VVF except due to malignancy and radiation between June 2004 and June 2007 were included in the study. History of socio-demographic features, cause of fistula and previous attempts at repair were taken. Investigations included urine culture, intravenous urogram and examination under anaesthesia. The method of treatment and outcome were noted. Results: Fifty six patients were included in the result. Women of child bearing age constituted the majority of the patients (94.9%). The patients were mostly primipara (75%), lived in the rural areas (89.3%) and came from the low socio-economic strata of the society (92.9%). Juxtacervical fistula (66.1%) was the most common type of fistula encountered. Prolonged obstructed labour (55.4%) was the commonest cause of fistula on the series. The vaginal route (71.7%) was the commonest route employed in the repair. Surgical repair was performed in 53 patients. Overall success rate of the procedure was 73.2% at the primary repair. Conservative management was successful in 60% of the cases. Vaginal repair was performed with 84.2% success rate. Conclusion: The transvaginal route was the most successful route for VVF repair. The commonest cause was obstetric trauma which is preventable by health education and improvement in maternity care delivery in rural areas.
Vitamin D and Renal Disease

The metabolism of vitamin D (VD) is severely impaired in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Uremia is not only associated with the reduction of its active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D but also in the reduction of all VD metabolites. CKD-associated abnormalities in VD are part of the CKD-related mineral-bone disease. However, VD has beneficial effect on the kidneys due to its pleiotropic effects, namely, antiproteinuric effect and reninangiotensin-aldosterone system suppression, thus making the relationship between VD and the kidney even more complicated. The aim of our chapter is to reveal the changes in vitamin D axis in CKD, to outline the possible beneficial effects of vitamin D in renal patients, including end-stage renal patients and kidney transplant recipients, and to address the current opinions concerning treatment with cholecalciferol, calcitriol, and vitamin D analogs.
Neuro-PCA-Factor Analysis in Prediction of Time Series Data

Many related parameters have been considered to predict any physical problem in the world. Many of them are not significant or they are h ighly correlated with other parameters. But, so me parameters are play ing significant role in pre- diction of the problem. These are giving necessary and sufficient informat ion and not correlated with the others. The output of the problem can be pred icted by considering fewer significant parameters instead of all. In this paper, an effort has been made to find the significant environ mental parameters in production of mustard plant using principal co mponent and factor analysis. The environmental parameters like maximu m and min imu m temperature, rain fall, maximu m and min imu m hu mid ity, soil mo isture at different depth and sun shine have been affected the growth of mustard plant. The affect has made by all pa- rameters are not same and more com p lex to predict the growth of muster plant with all parameters. The principal component and factor analysis have been used here to reduce the environmental parameters. These analyses have been used to find the significant parameters that have been greatly participated in growth of mustard plant. Finally, art ificial neural network has been applied on highly significant parameters to predict the production of mustard plant at maturity.
Marichev-Saigo Integral Operators Involving the Product of K-Function and Multivariable Polynomials

The aim of this paper to establish the Marichev-Saigo-Maeda fractional integration formula to the product of the K-function with the general class of multivariable polynomials. The results are presented in terms of the Wright generalized hypergeometric function. Corresponding assertions in terms of Saigo, Erdelyi-Kober, Riemann-Liouville, and Weyl type of fractional integrals are also presented. Further, we point out also their relevance.
Bimetallic Pt and Ni based foam catalysts for low-temperature ethanol steam reforming intensification

The increasing world power demand is driving scientific interest toward the research of alternative energy sources. As energy production from fossil fuels is limited by both reduced availability and pollutants emissions, H2 from renewable feed-stocks (i.e. bioethanol) appears a good clean chance, especially for fuel cells. In this paper, the performances of ceria and ceria-zirconia supported bimetallic powder and foam catalysts in the low temperature range (300-600 °C) Ethanol Steam Reforming reaction were investigated with the aim to highlight the improved heat transfer properties of the structured samples. Two different reactor configurations were employed: catalytic powders were tested in both an annular and a tubular reactor and the hollow one was also used for foam catalysts. SiC foam catalysts, by exploiting the high thermal conductivity of the support, could reduce heat transfer resistance, thus assuring very interesting results in terms of both activity and stability. Moreover, the role of catalytic support was studied and CeO2-ZrO2 based catalysts were found more suitable for the desired reaction.
A Linguistic Study of Borrowing in Moroccan Teenage Talk

This paper aims to examine one of the most productive linguistic resources Moroccan teenagers use widely to create novel lexical and phrasal items–borrowing. Of particular interest to us are the varied aspects of their borrowings’ innovativeness, which has often been reported to be one of the main features of youngspeak. The examples are taken from recorded dyadic and triadic conversations mainly between six female high school mates and relaxed group interviews involving four of the latter and two female others from the same school. The results reveal first that Moroccan teenagers are ‘linguistic doers’ capable of creating, through borrowing, novel words and expressions to talk about their concerns, interests, and attitudes. Second, they corroborate findings of previous research that teenagers are highly innovative. To achieve innovativeness, they employ various linguistic and rhetorical devices and break the linguistic norms of both the source and recipient languages. The product is thus a distinct language that is colourful, vivid, and expressive, which scholars largely agree teenagers use to express their autonomy and affiliation to their peers.