Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of a Formula Student race car - Effects predicted by the modelling of a steady state cornering vehicle

In this thesis work an investigation of the aerodynamics of a Fomula Student race car was conducted. The work focused on a computational fluid dynamics evaluation of the aerodynamic effects predicted for the car moving through relatively sharp corners of constant curvature. To assess the credibility of the closure models investigated, comparisons with experimental reference cases were conducted. To put some bounds on the numerical discretization errors for the car simulations, a grid convergence study was also conducted. For the simplified wing validation test cases, a relatively good agreement between aerodynamic performance values obtained from experiments and simulations was found. For the full car simulations, comparisons were made with on track measured values of lift. With respect to the measured values, the predictions of lift obtained from the simplified computer model geometry was high. It is believed that this was due, in part, to the simplicity of the model geometry, allowing for less disturbed air flow around the lift generating devices of the car, as well as the turbulence models inability to accurately predict amplitudes and the stream wise extent of the wake of bluff bodies directly upstream of several key lift generating devices. For assessing the aerodynamic effects of steady state cornering for the vehicle the momenta about its yaw, pitch and roll axes were tracked. In addition, lift, drag and sideforces were investigated. The modelling of rotational flow around the car found effects not present in, and in direct opposition to those predicted by modeling a cornering vehicle as having a fixed yaw angle with respect to the free stream.
Comparative study of population-based metaheuristic methods in global optimization

While global optimization problems are very common when working in computational nanoscience, they also constitute a set of computationally very demanding problems that lack efficient all-round optimizers. In this thesis I do a small survey on algorithms that try to be exactly like this; general methods that can be applied to any problem off the shelf. Constraining myself to so-called population-based metaheuristics, especially Nature-inspired evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence, I study their capabilities of solving a difficult real-world optimization problem, the Lennard-Jones cluster structure problem. I also use one of the algorithms, CCPSO2, to study the Lennard-Jones problem’s separability, that is, how well it can be solved by dividing the problem into smaller subproblems. An analysis on the Lennard-Jones problem of up to 200 atoms shows that these methods can be surprisingly efficient optimizers even in high-dimensional real-world problems. Especially one algorithm, namely CCPSO2, provides quite good and robust approximations for the global minima of the Lennard-Jones clusters with an error of around 10–20 %, and all that with a very small number of heavy energy function evaluations. I also show that they are superior to two versions of simulated annealing algorithms, a popular class of global optimization methods among physicists. By using CCPSO2 to divide the Lennard-Jones problem into smaller pieces of different dimensionalities, I show that the most efficient way to solve it is to divide the problem into subproblems of only 4–12 dimensions, regardless of the problem dimension. This is a remarkable result since this division dramatically decreases the difficulty of the Lennard-Jones problem and it serves as a guide for people trying to develop even more efficient algorithms for this problem.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Five Mentha Species

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties and to determine the phenolic content of the ethanol extract from five Mentha species [M. longifolia (L.) Huds. , M. piperita L. , M. pulegium L. , M. rotundifolia (L.) Huds. , and M. spicata L. ]. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were investigated with two different methods, 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH • ) and 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS •+ ). M. piperita exhibited the strongest activity as a DPPH • scavenger. On the other hand, all the extracts were active in the ABTS •+ assay and no significant difference was observed in this assay. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and M. piperita showed the highest TPC. A high
When language attitudes impede proposed changes in language policy: the bidialectal setting of Cyprus

The use of non-standard languages in education remains until today a controversial issue. Some researchers argue that children should be given the right to use and practice in school the language they speak at home and others declare that the mother tongue may not be desirable for primary education mainly for reasons of equality, empowerment and employment opportunities. Primary education in Cyprus is conducted in Standard Modern Greek and not in the Greek Cypriot dialect, the children’s mother tongue. This paper investigates the role language attitudes can play in accepting proposed changes in language policy.
Ethnobotanical use of Commiphora swynertonii Burrt. amongst Dorobo people in Tanzania

Dorobo, a sub-ethnic group of Maasai tribe in Tanzania, live in very remote areas without health facilities and hence depends entirely on plant and animal products for food and medicines. This paper describes attitude, beliefs and use of traditional medicines amongst Dorobo people, with a particular prominence to Commiphora swynertonii plant because of the reported extensive use by the Dorobo for treatment of a multitude of diseases both in humans and livestock. Information was collected via focus group discussion (FGD) held in Erkesumet Township and Kitwai village in Simanjiro District, Manyara Region, Tanzania, between July and August, 2013. It was found out that Dorobos without regard to status or wealth use ethno-botanic medicines as first-line except for serious or recalcitrant diseases. They believe that herbal medicines are readily available, effective and affordable and have no side effects compared to modern medicines. C. swynertonii, the most popularly used plant is used to cleanse the body and protect or treat various diseases such as sexually transmitted infections, skin infections, worm infestation, coughs and other chest problems in both humans and livestock. The bark exudate is used to kill or repel ticks and other insects on livestock and poultry. Dorobos are worried about the future sustainability of ethnobotanical knowledge and availability of medicinal plants because of human developmental activities that are advancing in their living environs. Key words: Commiphora swynertonii, Oltemwai, natural acaricide, Dorobo, ethnobotanical knowledge.
Larvicidal efficacy of Jatropha curca L. ( Euphorbiaceae ) leaf and seed aqueous extracts against Culex pipiens L

Culex mosquitoes play a vital role in transmitting pathogens which continue to have a harmful impact on human beings. Indeed, Innovative vector control strategy like use of plant extracts as alternative sources of insecticidal and larvicidal agents against vector-borne diseases has become unavoidable. In this context, the purpose of the present search was to explore the larvicidal properties of Jatropha curcas L. leaf and seed extracts against Culex pipiens L. The larvicidal activity was evaluated in eight different provenances recently introduced in Tunisia (Tanzania (ARU), Mozambique (MOZ), Surinam (SUR) and Brazil represented by five provenances: Parana (PAR), Norte de Minas (NMB), Mato Grosso (MGB), Regiao Sureste (RSB) and Vale do Fequitinhonha (VFB). The assessment of larval activity showed after 24 h of exposure, 100% mortality for aqueous seed extract and between 60 and 100% for aqueous leaf extract according to provenances. Highest mortality is observed at 1 mg/ml against C . pipiens L with LC 50 values of 0.49 and 0.5% for aqueous seed extract and leaf extract, respectively. Commonly, the mortality increase with the increase in concentration of each extract. However, the inhibitory effect of seeds extract on C . pipiens was more pronounced than that of leaves. These results suggest that the aqueous seed and leaf extracts of J . curcas have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly compound for the control of hurtful mosquito larvae. Keywords: Aqueous extract, Culex pipiens L. , Jatropha curcas L. , larvicidal activity. African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(26) 2641-2647
Validation of five years (2003–2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements using ground-based spectrometer observations

Abstract. This paper presents a validation study of SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) carbon monoxide (CO) total column measurements from the Iterative Maximum Likelihood Method (IMLM) algorithm using ground-based spectrometer observations from twenty surface stations for the five year time period of 2003–2007. Overall we find a good agreement between SCIAMACHY and ground-based observations for both mean values as well as seasonal variations. For high-latitude Northern Hemisphere stations absolute differences between SCIAMACHY and ground-based measurements are close to or fall within the SCIAMACHY CO 2σ precision of 0.2 × 1018 molecules/cm2 (∼10%) indicating that SCIAMACHY can observe CO accurately at high Northern Hemisphere latitudes. For Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude stations the validation is complicated due to the vicinity of emission sources for almost all stations, leading to higher ground-based measurements compared to SCIAMACHY CO within its typical sampling area of 8° × 8°. Comparisons with Northern Hemisphere mountain stations are hampered by elevation effects. After accounting for these effects, the validation provides satisfactory results. At Southern Hemisphere mid- to high latitudes SCIAMACHY is systematically lower than the ground-based measurements for 2003 and 2004, but for 2005 and later years the differences between SCIAMACHY and ground-based measurements fall within the SCIAMACHY precision. The 2003–2004 bias is consistent with previously reported results although its origin remains under investigation. No other systematic spatial or temporal biases could be identified based on the validation presented in this paper. Validation results are robust with regard to the choices of the instrument-noise error filter, sampling area, and time averaging required for the validation of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements. Finally, our results show that the spatial coverage of the ground-based measurements available for the validation of the 2003–2007 SCIAMACHY CO columns is sub-optimal for validation purposes, and that the recent and ongoing expansion of the ground-based network by carefully selecting new locations may be very beneficial for SCIAMACHY CO and other satellite trace gas measurements validation efforts.
THE ROLE OF HRCT IN EVALUATION OF AQUAIRED MIDDLE EAR CHOLESTEATOMA OTITIS PRIOR SURGERY

Otoscopic examination is the best method for diagnosis of cholesteatoma which treated by explorative surgery. The need for pre-operative imaging studies is controversial. This study assesses the accuracy and usefulness of a pre-operative high-resolution CT scan in depicting the status of the middle ear structures in the presence of cholesteatoma. Patients and Methods: the surgical findings of 88 patients with acquired cholesteatoma were compared with the pre-operative CT findings in this prospective study. The following were analyzed: diagnostic features of cholesteatoma on CT, status of the middle ear structures (ossicles, facial nerve canal, bony labyrinth, tegmen tympani and scutum) and extension of the disease to the sinus tymapni and facial recess. Results: eighty-three (94.3%) cases had the two radiological features characteristic for cholesteatoma (a) a location typical for cholesteatoma in the epitympanum and mastoid antrum (b) bony erosion. The radio-surgical agreement was excellent for the malleus (Kappa statistics, K= 0.96), stapes (0.91), bony labyrinth (0.94), tegmen tympani (0.82) and scutum (1), good for the incus (0.75), but poor for the facial nerve canal (0.39). The scan accurately predicted the extension of the disease to the sinus tympani and facial recess. Conclusion: High-resolution CT scan is an important investigative tool prior to cholesteatoma surgery.There is good to excellent radio-surgical correlation in cholesteatoma for most middle ear structures except for the integrity of the facial canal. The scan alerts the surgeon to asymptomatic complication of the disease.
The Rhetorical Situation.

found himself in an ethical situation, we understand that he probably either contemplated or made some choice or action from a sense of duty or obligation or with a view to the Good. In other words, there are circumstances of this or that kind of structure which are recognized as ethical, dangerous, or embarrassing. What characteristics, then, are implied when one refers to "the rhetorical situation" the context in which speakers or writers create rhetorical discourse? Perhaps this question is puzzling because "situation" is not a standard term in the vocabulary of rhetorical theory. "Audience" is standard; so also are "speaker," "subject," "occasion," and "speech. " If I were to ask, "What is a rhetorical audience? " or "What is a rhetorical subject? " the reader would catch the meaning of my question. When I ask, What is a rhetorical situation? , I want to know the nature of those contexts in which speakers or writers create rhetorical discourse: How should they be described? What are their characteristics? Why and how do they resuit in the creation of rhetoric? By analogy, a theorist of science might well ask, What are the characteristics of situations which inspire scientific thought? A philosopher might ask, What is the nature of the situation in which a philosopher "does philosophy"? And a theorist of poetry might ask, How shall we describe the context in which poetry cornes into existence?
Sediment Phosphorus Flux at Lake Tenkiller, Oklahoma: How Important Are Internal Sources?

Sediment P release needs to be measured in lakes and reservoirs that are eutrophic. Sediment P release data is essential for calibrating lake and reservoir models used in a TMDL. Sediment P release at Lake Tenkiller was very high relative to that predicted by the model. Sediment P release was also very high relative to that observed in regional reservoirs. Internal P sources need to be addressed in watershed management strategies.
What Linguistic Features Are Indicative of Writing Quality? A Case of Argumentative Essays in a College Composition Program

ELT Journal, 55, 124–132. doi:10.1093/elt/55.2. 124 Lynch, T. (2005). Self-transcribing and noticing in EAP speaking classes. Edinburgh Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, 14, 54–67. Lynch, T. (2007). Learning from the transcripts of an oral communication task. ELT Journal, 61, 311–320. doi:10.1093/elt/ccm050 Lyster, R. , & Ranta, L. (1997). Corrective feedback and learner uptake: Negotiation of form in communicative classrooms. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 37–66. doi:10.1017/S0272263197001034 Mackey, A. (2006). Feedback, noticing, and instructed second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 27, 405–430. doi:10.1093/applin/ami051 Mackey, A. , Polio, C. , & McDonough, K. (2004). The relationship between experience, education and teachers’ use of incidental focus-on-form techniques. Language Teaching Research, 8, 301–327. doi:10.1191/362168804lr47oa Shehadeh, A. (2001). Selfand other-initiated modified output during task-based interaction. TESOL Quarterly, 35, 433–457. doi:10.2307/3588030 Stillwell, C. , Curabba, B. , Alexander, K. , Kidd, A. , Kim, E. , Stone, P., & Wyle, C. (2010). Students transcribing tasks: Noticing fluency, accuracy, and complexity. ELT Journal, 64, 445–455. doi:10.1093/elt/ccp081 Swain, M. (2005). The output hypothesis: Theory and research. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook on research in second language teaching and learning (pp. 471–484). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Villamil, O. S. , & De Guerrero, M. C. M. (1998). Assessing the impact of peer revision on L2 writing. Applied Linguistics, 19, 491–514. doi:10.1093/applin/19.4. 491
Assessing the impact of area-based initiatives in deprived neighborhoods: The example of S. João de Deus in Porto, Portugal

ABSTRACT Though there have been many area-based initiatives to regenerate rundown areas in numerous cities around the world, many of them involving the demolition of stigmatized housing estates, far fewer attempts have been made to assess the effects of these initiatives upon the fortunes of displaced households and those who remain in these areas. By presenting the results of an empirical in-depth case study on the effects of an area-based initiative targeted at one of the most deprived neighborhoods in Porto, this article raises several epistemological concerns related to the goals, ideological assumptions, and social and spatial effects of these initiatives. Among other interrelated issues, the article discusses the impact of conflicting ideologies upon processes of radical strategy shift and of social and territorial marginalization and appeals to the need for more pluralistic approaches to evaluation.
Managerial Stock Compensation and Risky Investment

This study analyzes the relationship between the mix of CEO equity-based compensation, namely stock options and restricted stock, and firms' risky investment. In general, the theory suggests that long-term compensation aligns CEOs' and shareholders' interests by inducing the managers to undertake risky investment, which has a positive impact on longterm well-being of the firm. However, as my results show, it is important to distinguish between types of awards since they can have different effects on the riskiness of the firm. In this respect, I answer the question how are different types of stock based compensation related to the executives' determination to increase or not the intensity of the firm's risky investment? I find that awarding the CEOs preponderantly with stock options positively affects the firm's level of R&D investment. Conversely, a higher proportion of restricted stock in the CEO's compensation is related to lower investment in (risky) R&D. The inverse relation of causality also holds. Firms that make intensive R&D investments are more likely to award their CEOs with more stock options relative to restricted stock. Overall, the results are consistent with the theoretical prediction, in that the managerial compensation scheme plays an important role in determining the level of R&D investment.
The Relationship between Saudi EFL Students' Attitudes towards Learning English and their Academic Achievement

This study aimed to explore the attitudes of Umm Al-Qura University students (Al-Qunfudah branch) towards learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL), as well as to study factors affecting their attitudes towards learning EFL. The study also investigated the relationship between the students’ attitudes and their grade point average (GPA). The researchers designed a questionnaire to measure the students’ attitudes towards learning EFL. The researchers also interviewed a number of English major students to explore the factors that affect their attitudes towards learning EFL. The sample of this study consisted of 112 English major students from Umm Al-Qura University / Al-Qunfudah branch. These students were randomly chosen from different levels (second, third and fourth year students), and the results of the study showed that the students have overall positive attitudes towards learning EFL. The results also indicated that students with high GPAs have the highest positive attitudes towards learning English, followed by the medium GPA students and finally the low GPA students.
Modeling Short-Term Dynamics in Activity-Travel Patterns: From Aurora to Feathers

Most operational models of activity-travel demand have been developed to predict activity-travel patterns. The main contribution of these models is to offer an alternative to the four-step models of travel demand, better focusing on the consistency of the submodels and proving increased sensitivity to a wider range of policy issues. These models are most valuable for predicting the impact of land use and transportation policies on typical activity-travel patterns, allowing policy makers to assess the likely impact of such policies in relation to changing travel demand and a set of accessibility, mobility, and environmental performance indicators. For short-term dynamics in activity-travel patterns, these activity-based models at their current state of development have much less to offer. To complement one of these models (Albatross), Aurora, a model focusing on the rescheduling of activity-travel patterns was developed. The foundations of this model appear in Timmermans et al. (2001) and Joh et al. (2003, 2004), focusing on the formulation of a comprehensive theory and model of activity rescheduling and reprogramming decisions as a function of time pressure. Apart from duration adjustment processes, the Aurora model also incorporated other potential dynamics, such as change of destination, transport mode, and other facets of activity-travel patterns. Later, this model was extended to deal with uncertainty, various types of learning, and responses to information provision. Finally, a framework to implement this model as a multiagent simulation system has been developed and explored. In 2005, a research program coordinated by IMOB (Transportation Research Institute) was funded by IWT (Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders), Belgium. The goal of this program, in addition to exploring the potential use of new technology on collecting travel data, is to develop a prototype, activity-based model of transport demand for Flanders, Belgium. The basis of this model, which has been given the acronym Feathers, will be the extended version of Aurora, complemented with some additional concepts. This paper reports the current development of this agent-based microsimulator that allows one to simulate activity-travel scheduling decisions, within-day rescheduling, and learning processes in high resolutions of space and time. It summarizes some concepts and discusses a series of projects and activities that will be conducted to further the operational effectiveness of the models for Flanders.