Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Randomised comparison of intravenous paracetamol and intravenous morphine for acute traumatic limb pain in the emergency department

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of intravenous paracetamol with intravenous morphine in patients with moderate to severe traumatic limb pain. Methods This randomised, double-blind pilot study was conducted in an urban UK emergency department. Patients between 16 and 65 years old with isolated limb trauma and in moderate to severe pain (pain score of 7 or more) received either 1 g intravenous paracetamol or 10 mg intravenous morphine sulphate over 15 min. The primary outcome measure was pain score measured on a visual analogue scale at 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after commencing drug administration. The requirement for rescue analgesia and the frequency of adverse reactions were also recorded. Results 55 patients were recruited over 10 months. There was no significant difference in analgesic effect between the paracetamol and morphine groups at any time interval. There was no significant difference in the rescue analgesia administered, but there were significantly more adverse reactions in the morphine group. Conclusion Intravenous paracetamol appears to provide a level of analgesia comparable to intravenous morphine in isolated limb trauma. Further larger studies are required.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE SPINE SURGERY IN THE NUEVO HOSPITAL CIVIL DE GUADALAJARA

Objective: To describe our experience on a case series treated with minimal invasive techniques in spine surgery, with short-term follow-up and identify complications. Methods: A prospective analysis was performed on 116 patients operated on by the same team from September 2015 to June 2016. Evaluating the short-term follow-up we registered the surgical time, bleeding, complications, hospital stay, preand postoperatively neurological status, as well as scales of disability and quality of life. Demographic and surgical procedure data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 program. Results: A total of 116 patients with a mean age of 49.7 + 15.7 (21-85 years) underwent surgery being 76 (65%) with lumbar conditions and 37 (32%) with cervical conditions. The most common procedures were tubular discectomies (31), tubular bilateral decompression (17), lumbar MI-TLIFs (7), and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (35). The mean blood loss was 50.6 cc, the hospital stay was 1.7 day, preand postoperative pain VAS were 7.4 % and 2.3%, respectively, preand postoperative Oswestry (ODI) were 64.6% and 13.1%, respectively, preand postoperative SF-36 of 37.8% and 90.3%. There were no major complications, except for a surgical wound infection in diabetic patient and three incidental durotomies, one of these being a contained fistula, treated conservatively. Conclusions: The current tendency towards minimally invasive surgery has been justified on multiple studies in neoplastic and degenerative diseases, with the preservation of the structures that support the spine biomechanics. The benefits should not replace the primary objectives of surgery and its usefulness depends on the skills of the surgeon, pathology and the adequate selection of the techniques. We found that the tubular access allows developing techniques such as discectomy, corpectomy and fusion without limiting exposure, avoiding manipulation of adjacent structures, reducing complications and being feasible in a public hospital.
Abuse History, Depression, and Somatization Are Associated With Gastric Sensitivity and Gastric Emptying in Functional Dyspepsia

Objective: Gastric sensitivity testing relies on subjective reporting and may therefore be influenced by psychosocial factors and somatization. Furthermore, psychological processes may affect gastric motor function (accommodation to a meal emptying) through efferent brain-gut pathways. This study sought to determine the association of abuse history, psychiatric comorbidity, and somatization with gastric sensorimotor function. Methods: In 201 patients with functional dyspepsia, gastric sensitivity and accommodation were studied with a barostat. Gastric emptying of solids was studied using a breath test. Sexual and physical abuse history, psychiatric comorbidity (depression and panic disorder), and somatization were assessed using validated questionnaires. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify patient characteristics independently associated with gastric sensitivity and emptying. Results: Age (p = .02), sexual abuse history (p < .001), physical abuse history (p = .004), and somatization (p < .001) were independently associated with gastric discomfort threshold (R2 = 0.30); a significant depression-by-sexual abuse interaction effect was also found (p = .003). None of the factors studied were associated with gastric accommodation to a meal. Physical abuse history (p = .003) and somatization (p = .048) were independently associated with gastric emptying (R2 = 0.19). Conclusions: These results demonstrate the complex relationship among abuse history, psychiatric comorbidity, somatization, and gastric sensorimotor (dys)function. Although the psychobiological mechanisms underlying these relationships remain to be determined, the autonomic nervous, stress hormone, and immune systems may be involved.FD = functional dyspepsia; FGID = functional gastrointestinal disorder; t1/2 = gastric half-emptying time; PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire; GI = gastrointestinal; GLM = general linear model; IBS = irritable bowel syndrome; ANS = autonomic nervous system; CRF = corticotropin-releasing factor
Epithelial NF-κB activation promotes urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis

Chronic inflammation is linked to carcinogenesis in several organ systems. In the lungs, NF-κB, a central effector of inflammatory responses, is frequently activated in non-small-cell lung cancer, but its role in tumor promotion has not been studied. Several lines of evidence indicate that ethyl carbamate (urethane)-induced lung tumor formation, a prototypical mouse model of multistage lung carcinogenesis, is potentiated by inflammation. We found that mouse strains susceptible to lung tumor formation (FVB, BALB/c) exhibited early NF-κB activation and inflammation in the lungs after urethane treatment. However, a resistant strain (C57B6) failed to activate NF-κB or induce lung inflammation. In FVB mice, we identified urethane-induced NF-κB activation in airway epithelium, as well as type II alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. Using an inducible transgenic mouse model (FVB strain) to express a dominant inhibitor of NF-κB specifically in airway epithelial cells, we found that urethane-induced lung inflammation was blocked and tumor formation was reduced by >50%. Selective NF-κB inhibition resulted in increased apoptosis of airway epithelial cells at 2 weeks after urethane treatment in association with a marked reduction of Bcl-2 expression. These studies indicate that NF-κB signaling in airway epithelium is integral to tumorigenesis in the urethane model and identify the NF-κB pathway as a potential target for chemoprevention of lung cancer.
Peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide enhances expression of inflammatory cytokines in murine locus coeruleus: possible role of increased norepinephrine turnover

Cytokines and catecholamines are known to constitute a significant portion of the regulatory neuroimmune networks involved in maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Although we have already reported an increase in norepinephrine (NE) turnover within the locus coeruleus (LC) at 2 and 4 h after the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the implication of this increase remains unclear. In view of evidence that norepinephrine (NE) acts in an anti‐inflammatory manner by way of negatively regulating pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, we examined the inflammatory cytokine expression levels in the LC of C3H/HeN mice (male, 8 weeks old) after an i.p. LPS injection. The mRNA expression levels of the genes encoding IL‐1β and TNF‐α within the LC increased during the first 2 h, and showed two peaks, the first at 4 h and the second lesser one at 15 h after the LPS injection. Microglia, which are one of the major cell types that produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the CNS, were isolated from mouse neonate brains in order to clarify more precisely the relationship between the changes in NE content and the up‐regulation of inflammatory cytokines in the LC. Simultaneous incubation of microglia with LPS and NE enhanced the expression of IL‐1β at both mRNA and protein levels, but reduced the mRNA and protein levels of TNF‐α. These data support the hypothesis that NE negatively regulates the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, at least in the case of TNF‐α, which action could contribute to the observed anti‐inflammatory properties of NE. This report, based on the results of both in vivo and in vitro experiments, is the first to suggest a relationship between NE content and cytokine expression levels in the CNS.
An Appraisal of Socio-Economic Impacts of Commercial Motorcyles in Gombe State, Nigeria

This study examines the socio-economic impacts of commercial motorcycles in Gombe State, Nigeria. The study was carried out in Gombe Metropolis with using a simple random sampling technique to select 500 motorcyclists sample size. The data generated were analyzed using simple percentages and Chi-square test. The study finds that commercial motorcycle business is a youth dominated business, majority of who are in the age bracket of 21-30 years and mostly rely on it to sustain their families. The results also reveal that commercial motorcycle business betters the livelihood of the respondents. Similarly, the results indicate that the respondents make enough money to sustain their families. The study recommends that ministry of youth should partner with their unions and other relevant agencies to provide motorcycles on hire purchase basis so that they can own their motorcycles. This is because most of them (74%) rely on the business to sustain their families. Also, the study finds that most of the respondents learnt to ride motorcycles in an informal way, the study therefore recommends that all motorcyclists must pass through riding school and obtain valid riding/driving license. This can be achieved through decentralizing driving and testing centers across the state.
Substance use and psychosis.

BACKGROUND The use of alcohol and illicit substances is high among people with mental illnesses. Clinicians experience a range of complex issues while treating such patients. OBJECTIVE This article provides a brief overview of the problem of substance abuse comorbidity in people with a major mental illness. It outlines some of the epidemiological and clinical issues related to the association between the use of alcohol and illicit substances and disorders such as schizophrenia, and suggests approaches to assessment and treatment of people with such dual problems. DISCUSSION An integrated approach to treatment is required, whereby mental health and substance use issues are addressed simultaneously by the one treatment team. The general practitioner has an important role in psychoeducation, physical and mental health care, pharmacotherapy, and coordination of care.
Eye function of Mysidacea ( Crustacea ) in the northern Baltic Sea * ̈

Eye spectral sensitivity, [S(l)], was measured in seven northern Baltic mysid species using an electroretinogram technique. Their S(l) curves were compared with the spectral distribution of underwater light at their normal habitats. In the littoral species Neomysis integer, Praunus flexuosus and Praunus inermis, the S(l) maxima, [S(l) ], were in the wavelength-bands of max 525–535, 505–515 and 520–530 nm respectively. The neoimmigrant species Hemimysis anomala had a S(l) around 500 nm and high sensitivity at 393 nm, possibly indicating UV-sensitivity. max S(l) of the pelagic species Mysis mixta and Mysis relicta sp. II was at about 505–520 nm. M. ̈ ̈ ̈ relicta sp. I from Pojoviken Bay and fresh water humic Lake Paajarvi had S(l) at ̄ 550 nm max and 570 nm respectively. This is in accordance with a similar long-wavelength shift in light transmittance of the respective waters. The eyes of the latter population were also damaged by strong light. The pontocaspian neoimmigrant H. anomala is clearly adapted to waters transmitting more blue light.  2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Exclusive Dealing and Market Foreclosure: Further Experimental Results

This paper reports further experimental results on exclusive dealing contracts. We extend Landeo and Spier's (2009) work by studying Naked Exclusion in a strategic environment that involves a four-player, two-stage game. In addition to the roles of seller and buyers, our experimental environment includes the role of a potential entrant (a fourth passive player). Our findings are as follows. First, payoff endogeneity increases the likelihood of exclusion. Second, communication between the potential entrant and the buyers increases buyers' coordination on their preferred equilibrium (equilibrium with entry) and hence, reduces the likelihood of exclusion. Entrant-buyers communication also induces more generous offers.
Integrating assessment data from multiple informants.

OBJECTIVE To examine the consequences for measurement of child psychiatric disorder (conduct and oppositional disorders) of not integrating the data on the same individual from different informants compared with integrating the information from parents and teachers, using three different strategies. METHOD Data for the study came from problem checklist assessments done by parents and teachers of children aged 6 to 16 years (N = 1,134) selected with known probability from a general population sample and from structured interviews obtained in a stratified random subsample (n = 251). RESULTS As expected, parent-teacher agreement was low. The pattern of associated features of disorder was found to vary markedly in parent-identified compared with teacher-identified disorder. Furthermore, combining informants had the disadvantage of masking the distinctive patterns of associated features noted in informant-specific disorders. Finally, by treating disorder as informant-specific, the internal properties of the measure are not generally inferior to those obtained by combining informants in various ways. CONCLUSION Child psychiatric disorders should be conceptualized as informant-specific phenomena.
Traditional healers in Zambia and their care for patients with urethral/vaginal discharge.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge and practices of traditional healers in relation to the management of patients with urethral/vaginal discharge. SUBJECTS AND METHOD Eighty (80) traditional healers, 54 from an urban and 26 from a rural setting in Zambia, who attend to patients with urethral/vaginal discharge, were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. RESULT All of the traditional healers had knowledge of urethral/vaginal discharge being a symptom of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and that individuals get the infection through sexual relations with infected persons. The healers were all able to cite other symptoms associated with urethral/vaginal discharge. The treatment the healers used was mostly herbal preparations in the form of roots or powders administered orally to induce diarrhea, vomiting, and diuresis. Patients were not allowed to combine traditional and biomedical therapies. Almost half of the healers did apply some biomedical practices in the management of patients with urethral/vaginal discharge, such as history taking and examination of patients before diagnosis and prescription. The healers also advised patients to avoid sex while on treatment and to avoid reinfection by remaining with one partner and using condoms. Some healers advised their patients to bring their sexual partners for consultation. CONCLUSION Because traditional healers attend to patients with STDs, both in rural and urban areas, efforts should be made to promote cooperation between traditional and biomedical health care providers, so that treatment of patients and their partners could be improved. Traditional management that concurs with biomedical practices could thus be a starting point for discussion and cooperation.
Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of activity budgets in sympatric grey and harbour seals

Investigation of activity budgets in relation to seasonal, intrinsic (age, sex) and extrinsic (time of day, spatial) covariates enables an understanding of how such covariates shape behavioural strategies. However, conducting such investigations in the wild is challenging, because of the required large sample size of individuals across the annual cycle, and difficulties in categorising behavioural states and analysing the resulting individual-referenced and serially correlated data. In this study, from telemetry tags deployed on 63 grey seals Halichoerus grypus and 126 harbour seals Phoca vitulina we used behavioural data, and movement data within a Bayesian state–space model (SSM), to define population-level activity budgets around Britain. Using generalised estimating equations (GEEs) we then examined how time spent in four states (resting on land (hauled out), resting at sea, foraging and travelling) was influenced by seasonal, intrinsic and extrinsic covariates. We present and discuss the following key findings. 1) We found no evidence that regional variation in foraging effort was linked to regional population trajectories in harbour seals. 2) Grey seals demonstrated sex-specific seasonal differences in their activity budgets, independent from those related to reproductive costs. 3) In these sympatric species there was evidence of temporal separation in time hauled out, but not in time foraging. 4) In both species, time spent resting at sea was separated into inshore (associated with tidal haul out availability) and offshore areas. Time spent resting at sea and on land was interchangeable to some extent, suggesting a degree of overlap in their functionality. This may result in a relaxation of the constraints associated with a central place foraging strategy. More generally, we demonstrate how a large dataset, incorporating differing tag parameters, can be analysed to define activity budgets and subsequently address important ecological questions.
Aortic involvement in rheumatic diseases.

OBJECTIVE To review the prevalence, mechanisms, presentations and clinical significance of aortic involvement in rheumatic inflammatory diseases. METHODS The medical literature, available through a PUBMED search was reviewed and the relevant information was summarized. In addition, selected articles related to aortic involvement in rheumatic diseases were included in this review. RESULTS Rheumatic disorders may be categorized by their propensity to involve the aorta: conditions with a prevalence of 10% and more (Takayasu's arteritis, temporal arteritis, long-standing ankylosing spondylitis, Cogan's syndrome and relapsing polychondritis), disorders with uncommon but well documented aortic involvement and rheumatic conditions with rare case reports of such involvement. Clinical presentation of aortic disease is dependent on the part of aorta involved and may manifest by aortic pain and/or other symptoms caused by aortic dilatation, narrowing or aneurysm. The histopathology of inflammatory aortitis is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with or without giant cells or granulomas. On the other hand, non-inflammatory aortic damage in rheumatic diseases may include Marfan-like cystic disintegration of the aortic media as well as accelerated atherosclerosis. Awareness of rheumatic conditions with a high potential for clinically significant aortic involvement may promote referral of such patients for aortic imaging and sometimes surgery before fatal complications intervene. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis of aortic involvement can be advanced by informed consideration of such a complication in a rheumatic patient.
Mutagenicity of the mycotoxin botryodiplodin in the Salmonella typhimurium/microsomal activation test.

Botryodiplodin, a mycotoxin synthesized by some strains of Penicillium roqueforti was tested for lethal and mutagenic effects on Salmonella typhimurium (TA98). Botryodiplodin was active in the histidine reversion system without metabolic activation.
Long-Term Continuous Light Exposure Affects Body Weight and Blood Glucose Associated with Inflammation in Female Rats

Studies have indicated that night lights interfere with the circadian rhythm in the human body and threaten human health. Our previous studies indicated that continuous light exposure severely damages the reproductive endocrine system of female rats resembles polycystic ovary syndrome in women. In this study, we used the continuous measurement method to observe changes in the basal physiological indicators of female rats in an abnormal light exposure environment. Our study results indicated that in female rats: 1) the body temperature first continuously and gradually increased followed by a gradually decrease; 2) the increase in body weight slowed down at the late stage of the experimental process; 3) the random blood glucose level increased, and the fasting serum insulin level decreased; and 4) the serum C-reactive protein level increased. Our study investigated for the first time the correlation between the duration of continuous light exposure in female rats and the continuously measured basal physiological indicators and preliminarily discussed the effect of continuous light exposure on female basal metabolism and the possible inflammation mechanism. We propose that long-term continuous exposure to night lights in females severely damages their immune and metabolic systems.
Análisis comparativo de dos modelos de intervención en el parendizaje del balonmano

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido comparar el efecto sobre la competencia deportiva de dos modelos metodologicos de aprendizaje deportivo diferentes. Para ello, se empleo un modelo de entrenamiento con orientacion hacia a tecnica y otro modelo de entrenamiento con orientacion hacia la tactica. Se han administrado dos tratamientos metodologicos diferentes sobre el deporte de balonmano a dos grupos de 13 y 14 ninos de edades comprendidas entre los 0 y los 11 anos, consistentes en 40 sesiones de entrenamiento (cada una de 50 minutos) mas 17 partidos regularmente repartidos a lo largo de las 40 sesiones.Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que los participantes que aprendieron con orientacion hacia la tactica tienen un mayor conocimiento del balonmano que los participantes que aprendieron con orientacion hacia la tecnica, no encontrandose diferencias ni en las pruebas de precision tecnica al margen del juego ni en el rendimiento dentro del propio juego.