Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salinidade em agricultura irrigada (conceitos básicos e práticos).

Solos afetados por sais soluveis e ´sodio trocavel em areas de irrigadas; Processo de formacao de solos salinos e sodicos; Caracterizacao, diagn´stico e classificacao de solos com problemas de salinidade e sodicidade; Efeitos de altos conteudos de sais no solo e na planta; Classificacao dos cultivos segundo sua tolerância aos sais e a presenca de ions toxicos; Prevencao dos problemas de sais em terrenos irrigados; Recuperacao de solos salinos e sodicos; Selecao do tipo de corretivo e calculo da lâmina de lavagem.
Mediators of the Risk for Problem Behavior in Children with Language Learning Disabilities

A developmental-organizational perspective was employed to explore underlying risk for problem behavior in children with language learning disabilities. The independent and relative influences of social discourse and social skills on problem behavior were examined in 50 children with language learning disabilities (LLD) and 50 control children (children without LLD) aged 8 to 12 years. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that when examined independently, both impaired social discourse skill and poor social skills accounted for the negative effect of LLD status on children's problem behavior. When social discourse and social skills were examined simultaneously in relation to problem behavior, social discourse no longer retained its predictive value. This result suggests that children's impaired social interactional functioning is central to the development of behavioral symptomatology. However, the importance of social discourse cannot be overlooked, given the significant correlation between social discourse and social skills ratings. Though these results are correlational in nature, it is argued that the impaired communicative competence of some children with LLD may contribute to poor social skills that ultimately manifest themselves as more clinical problem behaviors characterized by internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Finally, differences were confirmed in social discourse performance, social skills, and problem behaviors between the children with LLD and the control group children. Findings emphasize the importance of the routine assessment and monitoring of broader social discourse skills, in addition to social competence, in children with LLD.
Development of an individual work performance questionnaire

Design/methodology/approach - After pilot-testing, the 47-item IWPQ was field-tested amongst a representative sample of 1,181 Dutch blue, pink, and white collar workers. Factor analysis was used to examine whether the four-dimensional conceptual framework could be confirmed. Rasch analysis was used to examine the functioning of the items in more detail. Finally, it was examined whether generic scales could be constructed. Findings - A generic, three-dimensional conceptual framework was identified, in which individual work performance consisted of task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior. Generic, short scales could be constructed that fitted the Rasch model. Research implications – A generic, short questionnaire can be used to measure individual work performance across occupational sectors. In future versions of the IWPQ, more difficult items should be added to improve discriminative ability at the high ranges of the scale. Originality/value - This study shows that, using Rasch analysis, a generic and short questionnaire can be used to measure individual work performance.
Absence of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Explains Endotoxin Hyporesponsiveness in Human Intestinal Epithelium

Background The Toll protein in Drosophila regulates dorsal ventral patterning during embryogenesis, and participates in antibacterial and antifungal host defense. Mammalian homologues are termed Toll-like receptors and, to date, nine have been cloned (TLR1–9) in humans. They are characterized by extracellular leucine-rich repeats and a cytoplasmic domain similar to the interleukin 1 receptor. Both TLR2 and TLR4 recognize various bacterial cell wall components including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This results in the activation of the NF&kgr;B pathway. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) express both TLR2 and TLR4. The authors hypothesized that the expression of TLR 2 and TLR4 in human intestinal epithelial cells differs from PBMCs because of the abundance of LPS in the intestinal lumen. Methods Epithelial cells were isolated from Caco-2 cells, fetal gut explants, and small bowel resection specimens using Hanks/ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid solution. PBMCs were used as positive controls. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated using the TRIzol method. Standard reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction examined TLR2 and TLR4 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. NF&kgr;B expression was determined using a luciferase reporter assay. Results TLR2 mRNA was highly expressed in PBMCs and was present in all human intestinal epithelial cells. TLR4 mRNA was detected only in PBMCs. TLR4 is not present in epithelium from children with inflammatory bowel disease. In Caco-2 cells, significant NF&kgr;B activation in response to LPS occurred only in the presence of TLR4 introduced by complementary deoxyribonucleic acid transfection. Conclusion Absence of TLR4 is associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness of intestinal epithelial cells. TLR4 is not directly involved in inflammation of the intestinal epithelium. Although TLR2 is normally present in the epithelial cell, it plays a limited role in inflammation. It may be activated during conditions in which bacterial cell wall concentrations within the intestine are pathologically high.
The Effect of Perceived Value and Customer Satisfaction on Perceived Price Fairness of Airline Travelers in Jordan

s This paper is a small section from a greater project on airline industry in Jordan. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of perceived value and customer satisfaction on perceived price fairness of airline travelers in new context which is Jordan. A quantitative research design is used based on data collected via a questionnaire from Jordanian passengers at Queen Alia Airport, Amman-Jordan, between July 2013 and September 2013, with focus on economy class passengers. The researchers chose a convenience sample of 20 flights mainly heading to Gulf countries, considering the capacity of each flights and number of passenger onboard, about 20 questionnaires were distributed on each flight. Out of (400) questionnaires distributed a total of (343) answered questionnaire were retrieved, which is (86%) of the total distributed questionnaires. After checking the retrieved questionnaires, about (306) questionnaires were valid. Ultimately, (77%) of the total questionnaires entered the analysis. The statistical analysis show that the three hypotheses were accepted and there is a significant effect of perceived value and customer satisfaction on perceived price fairness of airline travelers
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Teknoloji Kavramına İlişkin Algılarının Metafor Analizi

Bu calismanin amaci ortaokul ogrencilerinin teknoloji kavramina iliskin algilarini metafor yontemiyle incelemek ve bu algilari sinif duzeyi ve cinsiyet acisindan degerlendirmektir. Arastirmada veri toplama sureci 2012-2013 ogretim yili bahar doneminde gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmaya Ankara Ili’nde bulunan bir ortaokulun alti ve sekizinci siniflarinda ogrenim gormekte olan 191 ogrenci katilmistir. 28 ogrencinin kurdugu metaforik yapilarin uygun olmamasi veya bos birakmalari nedeniyle arastirmada 163 (6. sinif=75, 8. sinif=88) ogrencinin verisi analiz edilmistir. Ogrencilerin teknoloji kavramina iliskin algilari belirlemek icin veriler icerik analiziyle analiz edilmistir. Icerik analiziyle elde edilen kavramsal kategoriler ogrenci bazinda SPSS paket programina girilmistir. Bu asamada cinsiyet ve ogrenim duzeyi ile ogrencilerin teknoloji kavramina iliskin algilari arasindaki iliskiyi incelemek icin parametrik olmayan testlerden Ki Kare testi kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizi sonucunda; ortaokul ogrencilerinin 68 farkli metafor kullanarak teknoloji kavramini acikladiklari bulunmustur. Bu metaforlarin 8 kavramsal kategori altinda toplandiklari ve ogrencilerin teknoloji kavramina iliskin algilarinin genel olarak olumlu oldugu tespit edilmistir. Ayrica arastirmada ogrenim duzeyi ile ogrencilerin teknoloji kavramina iliskin algilari arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir iliskinin oldugu, tersine cinsiyete iliskin anlamli bir iliskinin olmadigi tespit edilmistir. Sonuc olarak modern dunyada teknoloji alanindaki gelismelerin hiz kazanmasi ve fen egitiminin temel amaclarindan birinin teknolojiye iliskin farkindalik saglamak olmasi nedeniyle, ogrencilerin teknolojiye iliskin algilarini izlemeye yonelik calismalarin surdurulmesi gerektigi dusunulebilir
Investigating the Determinants of Perceived Procedural Fairness in Performance Evaluation

Previous management accounting and control system studies have examined the impact of perceived procedural fairness on managers’ attitudes and behaviour. However, relatively little research has been conducted on the factors which affect perceived procedural fairness; and their results are inconclusive. The objective of this paper is to investigate the main determinants of perceived procedural fairness. Using a sample of managers from three major organisations with headquarters in Europe, this study finds that perceived procedural fairness is affected by goalrelated variables in the form of participation in setting performance targets, the goal-attainment-reward link, and the specificity of goals to be achieved by managers; but is not affected by whether the performance measures used to evaluate performance are primarily financial or nonfinancial.
Reevaluation of the Nucleotide Cofactor Specificity of the RecA Protein from Bacillus subtilis *

The RecA protein from the Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, has been reported to catalyze dATP hydrolysis and to promote strand exchange in the presence of dATP but to have no ATP hydrolysis or ATP-dependent strand exchange activity (Lovett, C. M., Jr., and Roberts, J. W. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3305–3313). The well characterized RecA protein from Escherichia coli, in contrast, catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP and dATP at similar rates and can use either ATP or dATP as a cofactor for the strand exchange reaction. To explore this reported difference in nucleotide cofactor specificity in detail, we developed an overexpression system for theB. subtilis RecA protein and purified the protein to greater than 95% homogeneity. Contrary to the previous report, we find that the B. subtilis RecA protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of both dATP and ATP and can perform strand exchange using either dATP or ATP as a cofactor. Our results suggest that the inability of previous investigators to detect the ATP hydrolysis and ATP-dependent strand exchange activities of the B. subtilis RecA protein may have been due to the particular assay conditions that were used in the earlier study.
Age and Family History at Presentation of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objectives Young children are thought to be a unique subset of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The authors' objective was to evaluate the differences in initial clinical presentation of young and older children with IBD and to determine whether a positive family history of IBD is associated with the age of presentation. Methods The authors reviewed the records of all patients with new diagnoses of Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) who presented between July 1996 and July 1999. Initial evaluation included assessment of growth parameters and laboratory values (hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum albumin). Inquiry regarding a family history of IBD was made in every patient. Results There were 153 patients with new diagnoses (82 with CD and 71 with UC), with a mean age of 11.9 years (range, 16 months–18 years). The children with CD had a higher sedimentation rate and platelet count and a lower mean hemoglobin concentration and serum albumin at presentation than did children with UC. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower in patients with newly diagnosed CD than in those with UC. The only significant laboratory differences between patients younger than 11 years and those 11 years or older was a higher mean platelet count in patients with CD who were younger than 11 years. Of the younger patients with CD, 41.7% had a positive family history of IBD, which was significantly greater that that found in the older patients with CD. Conclusions Except for higher platelet counts, a lower BMI, and a higher frequency of positive family history in young children with CD, there were no significant differences in the presentation of young children with IBD compared with older children.
Number of cells from Plasmodium falciparum-immune donors that produce gamma interferon in vitro in response to Pf155/RESA, a malaria vaccine candidate antigen

Secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to stimulation of Plasmodium falciparum-primed T cells by specific antigens may be a useful indicator of cellular immunity to malaria. An enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay designed to detect IFN-gamma at the single-cell level was used to study IFN-gamma-producing cells from P. falciparum-primed donors from The Gambia after in vitro stimulation with various malarial antigens. IFN-gamma secreted into the culture supernatant was measured by conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a good correlation in individual donors between the level of IFN-gamma secreted into the culture supernatant and the number of IFN-gamma-secreting cells. However, the ELISPOT assay was apparently more sensitive in demonstrating low levels of IFN-gamma production than the ELISA was. Thus after stimulation with crude P. falciparum antigen from infected erythrocytes, 72% of the primed donors responded positively in the ELISPOT assay but only 55% responded positively in the ELISA. When stimulated with synthetic peptides representing immunodominant epitopes of the malarial antigen Pf155/RESA, a vaccine candidate, 31 to 55% responded in the ELISPOT assay and 21 to 36% responded in the ELISA. Unprimed Europeans did not respond positively to these antigens in either of the assays, and background in antigen-free controls was generally low. These results indicate that measurement of IFN-gamma by the ELISPOT assay or ELISA should have wide applications in large-scale epidemiological studies of malaria immunity. In addition, the ELISPOT assay makes it possible to analyze the T cells responding to malarial antigens in terms of both numbers and functional heterogeneity.
Interleukin-6 Mediates Post-Infarct Repair by Cardiac Explant-Derived Stem Cells

Although patient-sourced cardiac explant-derived stem cells (EDCs) provide an exogenous source of new cardiomyocytes post-myocardial infarction, poor long-term engraftment indicates that the benefits seen in clinical trials are likely paracrine-mediated. Of the numerous cytokines produced by EDCs, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the most abundant; however, its role in cardiac repair is uncertain. In this study, a custom short-hairpin oligonucleotide lentivirus was used to knockdown IL-6 in human EDCs, revealing an unexpected pro-healing role for the cytokine. Methods: EDCs were cultured from atrial appendages donated by patients undergoing clinically indicated cardiac surgery. The effects of lentiviral mediated knockdown of IL-6 was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models of myocardial ischemia. Results: Silencing IL-6 in EDCs abrogated much of the benefits conferred by cell transplantation and revealed that IL-6 prompts cardiac fibroblasts and macrophages to reduce myocardial scarring while increasing the generation of new cardiomyocytes and recruitment of blood stem cells. Conclusions: This study suggests that IL-6 plays a pivotal role in EDC-mediated cardiac repair and may provide a means of increasing cell-mediated repair of ischemic myocardium.
Evisceration with Primary Orbital Implant in Fulminant Endophthalmitis/Panophthalmitis

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the outcome of evisceration with primary orbital implant in blind eyes with and without fulminant infection (endophthalmitis/panophthalmitis). Methods: Retrospective nonrandomized comparative interventional case series. Patients with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 6 months were considered for inclusion. Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients were included. Sixteen eyes were infective and 18 noninfective. Nonporous silicone implants were used for all cases and the main outcome measure was successful retention of the primary implant. Major and minor complications and successful prosthesis fitting were also noted. Results: All except 3 cases were able to retain the primary implant successfully and all but 2 patients underwent successful prosthesis fitting. Major complications included implant extrusion in 3 cases (2 infective, 1 noninfective) and implant exposure in 1 case (noninfective). The difference in major complications between the groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.66, Fisher exact test). Conclusion: Our data suggest that evisceration with primary orbital implant is a feasible option in fulminant endophthalmitis/panophthalmitis and provides a good postoperative cosmetic outcome to the anophthalmic socket at an economical cost.
Vendor Managed Inventory in the Swedish Construction Industry

In the construction sector wastes and problems concerning logistics and supply chain management are widely found, and they are some of the important interfering factors for improving efficiency and productivity within the sector. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is a well developed and adapted approach for logistics and supply chain managements in other industries, such as automotive. This thesis is aiming to explore the capability of VMI adaptations in the Swedish construction sector. Semistructured interviews are executed to obtain practical supports for this research in addition to relevant theoretical frameworks. Interviewees from different parts of supply chains are chosen to obtain essential reflections and enhanced credibility of empirical findings. Construction companies are interested in trying the VMI approach with strategic item suppliers as they could gain more benefits; meanwhile, construction companies have negative opinions with non-critical item suppliers, since they are currently enjoying their role in the relationships with this type of suppliers. Suppliers are believed by the author to have great interests in implementing VMI; however, it is currently different for non-critical item suppliers to engage in the VMI partnerships for several reasons. In addition, for major construction companies, lessons could be learned from the infrastructure industry, since cooperation between infrastructure companies and internal suppliers are maximized and advanced technologies are widely utilized in projects. The author recognizes that logistics companies showed great interests in the VMI method, since VMI could potentially help companies to obtain more business and secure long-term cooperation. Moreover, VMI to has great possibility to solve logistics and supply chain management problems in the construction sector, because it has great abilities to reduce workload to project managers, improve the demand forecasting, and etc. As a result of the thesis, VMI is believed to be applicable in the construction industry. However, at the current stage in some circumstance, VMI is several steps further in the renovation of logistics and supply chain management in the sector. In order to facilitate the successive adaptation of VMI in the construction industry, recommendations, such as starting VMI implementations with suppliers of standard and most frequent used building materials and providing generous investments on Electronic Data Interchange and Enterprise Resource Planning systems, are proposed.
THE ROLE OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) IN THE MAINTENANCE OF EUTHYROIDISM IN ENDEMIC GOITRE

Serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have been measured in subjects from an endemic goitrous area of New Guinea. An increase in TSH concentration and a decrease in T4 concentration was found in both goitrous and non‐goitrous subjects, both abnormalities being more frequent in the goitrous group. In the majority of subjects (93%) the T3 level fell within the normal range. Euthyroidism appears to be preserved in the iodine deficient state by the continued production of normal amounts of T3, the intrinsic metabolic activity of T4 being relatively unimportant.
The effects of aging on insight into illness in schizophrenia: a review

Impaired insight into illness is a prevalent feature of schizophrenia, which negatively influences treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. Little is known about the effects of aging on insight impairment. We aimed to review the available research literature on the effects of aging on insight into illness in schizophrenia, in relation to positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Ultimately, we propose a trajectory of insight in schizophrenia across the lifespan.
A SOLID PHASE ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF HEPARAN SULFATE AND ITS APPLICATION TO NORMAL AND CANCEROUS HUMAN CARTILAGE SAMPLES

A sensitive and accurate quantitative assay for the measurement of minor amounts of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate that does not require specific apparatus or reagents is described. The assay involves labeling of chondroitin sulfate A following reaction of carboxyl groups with biotin hydrazide in the presence of carbodiimide. ELISA plate wells were coated with glutaraldehyde and then spermine was coupled to it via a Schiff's base bond. In such activated wells, the biotinylated molecules were readily bound and detected after the interaction with avidin-peroxidase conjugates and the subsequent enzymic assay. Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate competed this interaction in a linear manner. Disaccharides derived from chondroitin sulfate A did not act as competitors, while heparan sulfate disaccharides showed significant competition. From the competition, before and after digestion with either chondroitinase ABC or heparitinases, the amounts of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate in a sample could be calculated. The assay was applied for the determination of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in normal and cancerous human laryngeal cartilage samples. By using this procedure, the accurate determination, especially, of heparan sulfate in a mixture of glycosaminoglycans was achieved, which otherwise would require the use of very expensive technology.
The refutation of cyclic evaluations

Examinant l'argument de la pelouse chez J. Harrison et la paradoxe du bourreau de soi chez W. Quinn comme des contre-exemples de la these de l'incoherence ou de l'irrationalite des preferences cycliques, l'A. developpe un argument direct contre l'evaluation cyclique qui montre que les alternatives ne sont ni meilleures, ni pires dans les deux cas, ce qui permet de conclure a la structure non-cyclique de leur ordre
Thinking critically about college writing : The analogy between arguments and essays

Apres avoir decrit les elements qui caracterisent les dissertations, l'auteur explore en profondeur l'analogie entre discussions et dissertations, afin de demontrer comment sa presentation peut mener a de nettes ameliorations dans les compositions ecrites des etudiants et leur permettre d'exposer avec plus de clairvoyance et d'efficacite leur raisonnement.