Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monsters in the uterus: A parthenogenetic quasi-program causes teratoma-like tumors during aging in wild-type C.elegans

Many diseases whose frequency increases with advancing age are caused by aging (senescence), but the mechanisms of senescence remain poorly understood. According to G.C. Williams and M.V. Blagosklonny, a major etiological determinant of senescence is late-life, wild-type gene action and non-adaptive execution of biological programs (or quasi-programs). These generate a wide range of senescent pathologies causing illness and death. Here we investigate the etiology of a prominent senescent pathology in the nematode C. elegans, uterine tumors, in the light of the Williams Blagosklonny theory. Uterine tumors develop from unfertilized, immature oocytes which execute incomplete embryogenetic programs. This includes extensive endomitosis, leading to formation of chromatin masses and cellular hypertrophy. The starting point of pathogenesis is exhaustion of sperm stocks. The timing of this transition between program and quasi-program can be altered by blocking sperm production (causing earlier tumors) or supplying additional sperm by mating (delaying tumor onset). Other pathophysiological determinants are yolk consumption by tumors, and bacterial proliferation within tumors. Uterine tumors resemble mammalian ovarian teratomas (tera, Greek: monster) in that both develop from oocytes that fail to mature after meiosis I, and both are the result of quasi-programs. Moreover, older but not younger uterine tumors show expression of markers of later embryogenesis, i.e. are teratoma-like. These results show how uterine tumors in C. elegans form as the result of run-on of embryogenetic quasi-programs. They also suggest fundamental etiological equivalence between teratoma and some forms of senescent pathology, insofar as both are caused by quasi-programs.
From Popper to Lakatos: A case for cumulative computational modeling

An important problem with several modeling enterprises in psycholinguistics is that they are not cumulative, unlike successful experimental research. For example, in the field of language production, quite a few models focus on a few findings only instead of trying to account simultaneously for a wide range of data. Even worse, some investigators treat their models like their toothbrushes by using them only for their own data. There is no guarantee that these micromodels can be integrated into a single comprehensive macromodel, because micromodels are often mutually incompatible. Moreover, experimental tests of models developed by others are often conducted in the world of a misinterpreted Popper, where testing models is like skeet shooting. 1 The aim is to shoot down
Isotonic transport by the Na+‐glucose cotransporter SGLT1 from humans and rabbit

1 In order to study its role in steady state water transport, the Na+‐glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes; both the human and the rabbit clones were tested. The transport activity was monitored as a clamp current and the flux of water followed optically as the change in oocyte volume. 2 SGLT1 has two modes of water transport. First, it acts as a molecular water pump: for each 2 Na+ and 1 sugar molecule 264 water molecules were cotransported in the human SGLT1 (hSGLT1), 424 for the rabbit SGLT1 (rSGLT1). Second, it acts as a water channel. 3 The cotransport of water was tightly coupled to the sugar‐induced clamp current. Instantaneous changes in clamp current induced by changes in clamp voltage were accompanied by instantaneous changes in the rate of water transport. 4 The cotransported solution was predicted to be hypertonic, and an osmotic gradient built up across the oocyte membrane with continued transport; this resulted in an additional osmotic influx of water. After 5‐10 min a steady state was achieved in which the total influx was predicted to be isotonic with the intracellular solution. 5 With the given expression levels, the steady state water transport was divided about equally between cotransport, osmosis across the SGLT1 and osmosis across the native oocyte membrane. 6 Coexpression of AQP1 with the SGLT1 increased the water permeability more than 10‐fold and steady state isotonic transport was achieved after less than 2 s of sugar activation. One‐third of the water was cotransported, and the remainder was osmotically driven through the AQP1. 7 The data suggest that SGLT1 has three roles in isotonic water transport: it cotransports water directly, it supplies a passive pathway for osmotic water transport, and it generates an osmotic driving force that can be employed by other pathways, for example aquaporins.
INCREASED ERROR‐RELATED BRAIN ACTIVITY IN YOUTH WITH OBSESSIVE‐COMPULSIVE DISORDER AND UNAFFECTED SIBLINGS

The pathophysiology of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) involves increased activity in cortico‐striatal circuits connecting the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) with other brain regions. The error‐related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event‐related potential following an erroneous response and is thought to reflect ACC activity. This study was done to assess the ERN as a biomarker for OCD by comparing ERN amplitudes in pediatric OCD patients, unaffected siblings of pediatric OCD patients, and healthy controls.
Are you assessing the communication "vital sign"? Improving communication with our low-health-literacy patients.

Approximately one-half of American adults lack the health literacy and numeracy skills necessary to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Health literacy is a shared function of social and individual factors, and health literacy skills are mediated by education, culture, and language. Patients with low health literacy have difficulty processing items that affect cardiovascular disease management activities such as locating or accessing health care, understanding educational materials, reading appointment reminders, reading medication and nutrition labels, and understanding the consequences of unhealthy behaviors and environmental exposures. They may also experience difficulties in communication with their health care provider. Those with low health literacy are 1.5 to 3 times more likely to experience adverse health outcomes. Individuals with inadequate health literacy and chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease are at increased risk for poor care and outcomes including lack of knowledge about disease, poor self-care, increased hospital admissions, increased mortality, and higher health care costs. Despite the high prevalence and serious consequences of inadequate health literacy, too often clinicians fail to recognize its presence. Many clinicians are unaware that this problem exists or simply do not ask about it. Moreover, because individuals with low health literacy are often embarrassed or ashamed to admit they have difficulty understanding health information and instructions, they may be using wellestablished coping mechanisms that effectively mask their problem. Patients with low literacy do not fit a specific stereotype. Although a disproportionate number of ethnic minorities, immigrants, and older adults have problems with health literacy, according to a national study, individuals with limited literacy are born in the United States (75%), are white (50%), hold fullor part-time job (40%), and have finished high school (25%). Contributing to the problem is the fact that clinicians often lack the knowledge and/or resources, including time and tools, to assess the level of health literacy and respond appropriately. Simple screening approaches and other resources and tools to improve communication with our low-literacy patients are available, and broad dissemination of these resources is needed. The following are ‘‘red flags’’ that may suggest problems with health literacy:
Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the impact of psychotropic medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is a putative underlying mechanism for increased cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Previous studies suggest that this risk may be related to psychotropic medication use. In the present study we systematically reviewed and analyzed published studies of heart rate variability (HRV), measuring ANS output, to determine the effect of psychiatric illness and medication use. METHODS We searched for studies comparing HRV in physically healthy adults with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder to controls and comparing HRV pre- and post-treatment with a psychotropic medication. RESULTS In total, 140 case-control (mood, anxiety, psychosis, dependent disorders, k = 151) and 30 treatment (antidepressants, antipsychotics; k = 43) studies were included. We found that HRV was reduced in all patient groups compared to controls (Hedges g = -0.583) with a large effect for psychotic disorders (Hedges g = -0.948). Effect sizes remained highly significant for medication-free patients compared to controls across all disorders. Smaller and significant reductions in HRV were observed for specific antidepressants and antipsychotics. LIMITATIONS Study quality significantly moderated effect sizes in case-control analyses, underscoring the importance of assessing methodological quality when interpreting HRV findings. CONCLUSION Combined findings confirm substantial reductions in HRV across psychiatric disorders, and these effects remained significant even in medication-free individuals. Reductions in HRV may therefore represent a significant mechanism contributing to elevated cardiovascular risk in individuals with psychiatric disorders. The negative impact of specific medications on HRV suggest increased risk for cardiovascular disease in these groups, highlighting a need for treatment providers to consider modifiable cardiovascular risk factors to attenuate this risk.
Rifaximin pharmacology and clinical implications

Rifaximin is a semisynthetic, rifamycin-based non-systemic antibiotic, with a low gastrointestinal absorption and a good antibacterial activity. The antibacterial action covers Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, both aerobes and anaerobes. Its antimicrobial action is based on its property to bind to the β-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibiting, thereby, the bacterial RNA synthesis. Rifaximin contributes to restore gut microflora imbalance, becoming an important therapeutic agent in several organic and functional gastrointestinal diseases such as hepatic encephalopathy, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, inflammatory bowel disease and colonic diverticular disease. This antibiotic has the advantage of low microbial resistance and few systemic adverse events and is safe in all patient populations, including young children.
Full Dimensional Sets Without Given Patterns

We construct a d Hausdorff dimensional compact set in Rd that does not contain the vertices of any parallelogram. We also prove that for any given triangle (3 given points in the plane) there exists a compact set in R2 of Hausdorff dimension 2 that does not contain any similar copy of the triangle. On the other hand, we show that the set of the 3-point patterns of a 1-dimensional compact set of R is dense.
Multifrequency integration in FM radio-based passive bistatic radar. Part II: Direction of arrival estimation

The concept of MF operation introduced in [1] has been extended to the target DoA estimation stage, aiming at the same time to (i) increase the angular localization accuracy and (ii) make the DoA estimation performance robust w.r. t. the time-varying characteristics of the waveforms received by PBR, especially when operating in the FM radio band.
Atrial fibrillatory cycle length: computer simulation and potential clinical importance.

AIMS Atrial fibrillatory cycle length (AFCL) is generally accepted as a surrogate marker for local refractoriness. In this study, a computer model and clinical data on human subjects undergoing catheter ablation for paroxysmal and persistent AF were used to determine the clinical potential of AFCL. METHODS AND RESULTS Simulations were performed in a biophysical computer model of AF, induced from eight simultaneously active focal sources. Atrial fibrillatory cycle length persistence and termination were assessed in response to successively switching off the involvement of the eight sources. Electrophysiological data were obtained from 178 subjects undergoing catheter ablation of AF. Atrial fibrillatory cycle length, measured in the atria appendages using automated monitoring software, was studied to determine its clinical correlation, the complexity of the ablation procedure, and the AF termination success rate. Computer simulations showed an inverse relationship between the number of sources participating in AF maintenance and AFCL. Clinical data demonstrated a strong relationship between duration, degree of ablation, and AFCL, with shorter AFCL associated with more extensive ablation to terminate AF. Atrial fibrillatory cycle length was prolonged exponentially at each stage, with a critical cycle length of approximately 200 ms for AF conversion. CONCLUSION Atrial fibrillatory cycle length is inversely associated with the number of sources participating in AF maintenance observed in the computer model. In addition, AFCL is an important predictor of baseline duration of the arrhythmia, type of AF, and ease of catheter ablation therapy to terminate AF.
Brain Activation Induced by the Perceptual Maze Test: A PET Study of Cognitive Performance

We investigated with PET the cerebral activation pattern elicited by the perceptual maze test (PMT), a neuropsychological test used to evaluate organic brain injury. The PMT examines visuospatial skill, general intelligence, visually guided motor planning, and the ability to obey rules. Eight right-handed volunteers were examined with PET using the tracer [15O]butanol. Three paradigms containing the PMT, a motor control (SHAM), and a rest condition were examined twice in a randomized order. Solving the PMT caused extensive bilateral activations in the occipital lobe extending rostrally into the parietal lobe and caudally to the posterior part of the temporal lobe. Bilateral activations were also seen in the prefrontal, medial premotor, and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The premotor and primary sensory motor cortices contralateral to the performing hand were also activated. Marked activations were noted in the visual system, including areas pertaining to visuospatial decoding. The previously defined functional network (ACC, prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex) for the maintenance of visuospatial attention was activated during the PMT. Extensive bilateral deactivations were seen in frontomedial, temporal, parietal, and posterior cingulate regions. This pattern may represent relatively decreased blood flow in cortical areas pertaining to sensory modalities that were not activated in the PMT. The decreased activity in these regions could also express diminished cognitive processing in neuronal systems that might interfere with the task-related performance.
Delineation of the clinically recognizable 17q22 contiguous gene deletion syndrome in a patient carrying the smallest microdeletion known to date

We describe a patient with a 1.34 Mb microdeletion at chromosome band 17q22, which is also present in his affected mother. To better delineate this microdeletion syndrome, we compare the clinical and molecular characteristics of 10 previously reported cases and our patient. Of these, the present patient has the smallest deletion which includes five genes: MMD, TMEM100, PCTP, ANKFN1, and NOG. We compare the clinical manifestations described in relation to NOG, since this is the only gene whose loss is shared by our patient and the other eight patients. Previously, the clinical patterns associated with NOG mutations have been included under the general term “NOG‐related symphalangism spectrum disorder (NOG‐SSD). ” Based on our analyses, and considering that there is a clinical correlation observed in cases with a “17q22 microdeletion including NOG” of which the main characteristics can be contributed to loss of this gene, we propose that the clinical patterns observed in these patients should be named as NOG‐spectrum disorder‐contiguous gene syndrome (NOGSD‐CGS). This designation is important for clinicians because when a patient has defects concordant with alterations of NOG but also presents other anomalies not related to this gene, they would be able to suspect the existence of a microdeletion affecting 17q22, therefore, allowing an early diagnosis. This will also enable the clinician to provide the family with adequate information about the prognosis and the risk of reoccurrence in future potential offspring. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temporal Changes in Anthropometric Measurements of Idealized Females and Young Women in General

ABSTRACT This study examined the temporal anthropometric changes in idealized female body images in the media (i.e., Playboy magazine Playmates of the Year, Miss America Pageant Winners, and Fashion Models) and Young Women in general across eight decades. Overall, all anthropometric measures differed significantly over time. Body mass index (BMI) for all women in the idealized groups tended to decline significantly over time, while the BMI for Young Women increased significantly. Models tended to have the smallest bust and hips, Playmates the largest bust, and Young Women in general the largest waist and hips. The general trend for all groups was to move from a less curvaceous body shape in the early part of the twentieth century to a more curvaceous shape at mid-century and returning to a less curvaceous shape at the end of the century. Idealized women have a body size unlike that of Young Women and the chasm between the media-defined ideal and reality is continuing to diverge.
Genetic modulation of personality traits: a systematic review of the literature

The heritability of human personality traits is by now well established. However, since the first reports on associations between specific genetic variants and personality traits, only modest progress has been made in identifying loci that robustly support these associations. The aim of this study was to provide a summary of literature data on association studies focused on the genetic modulation of personality, according to the Cloninger, Eysenck and Costa and McCrae models. PubMed was searched for papers investigating the association between any gene variant and personality traits, which were grouped into five clusters: (a) anxiety, (b) impulsivity, (c) determination-activity, (d) socialization and (e) spirituality, in healthy individuals, populations and psychiatric patients. A total of 369 studies were included. No clear consensus on the role of any individual gene variant in personality modulation emerged, although SLC6A4 haplotypes and the DRD4 rs1800955 promoter variant seemed to be more reliably related to anxiety and impulsivity-related traits, respectively. Because conflicting results emerged from the literature, plausibly as a result of the combined influence of many loci of small effects on personality, larger sample sizes and more narrow and specific phenotype will be the minimum requirements for future genetic studies on personality. Moreover, gene×gene and gene×environment interaction studies deserve further attention.
Indonesian shift-reduce constituent parser

Syntactic information, obtainable through syntactical analysis, plays an important role in many areas of NLP. Researches of Indonesian constituent parser have been very limited with the currently available yields very poor performance of 38.89% and 47.22% using Earley and CYK algorithm respectively. With the availability of the newly introduced Indonesian treebank corpus, we evaluate the performance of Indonesian constituent parser using Trance parser, a language independent constituent parser which employs deep learning. The parser achieved a respectable f-score of 74.91%, a very significant improvement to previous researches.
Sex differences in brain regions activated by grammatical and reading tasks

DO the brains of men and women show similar patterns of functional organization for language, or are men more strongly lateralized? We used PET to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) as men and women read real and nonce verbs, and produced past tense forms. While the overall patterns of reaction time, error, and brain activation were similar, there were also significant sex-related differences in CBF patterns. During the past tense generation tasks, men showed left-lateralized activation while women recruited bilateral perisylvian cortex, confirming differences in functional laterality. During all tasks, women showed higher activation in occipital and/or cerebellar regions, suggesting differences in basic reading strategies. We conclude that sex differences in functional cortical organization exist in the absence of significant behavioral differences.
Phylogenetic analysis of a human group B rotavirus WH‐1 detected in China in 2002

A human group B rotavirus strain WH‐1 was detected in an adult sporadic case of diarrhea in Wuhan, China in 2002. In this study, the gene sequences of WH‐1 were determined in order to examine the phylogenetic relatedness to other human group B rotaviruses found previously in China (ADRV, in 1982), India (CAL‐1, in 1998), and Bangladesh (Bang373, in 2000), as well as animal viruses, and to estimate the mutation rate of group B rotavirus. VP7 (major outer capsid protein) gene of WH‐1 showed extremely high sequence identity (98.6%) to ADRV and showed relatively high sequence identities to CAL‐1 (92.5%) and Bang373 (92.4%). In contrast, identities to animal (bovine and murine) group B rotaviruses were considerably lower (61–64%). Other gene segments of WH‐1 encoding VP2, VP4, VP6, NSP1–NSP3, and NSP5 also showed high sequence identities to ADRV genes (98–99%), which were generally higher than those to CAL‐1 genes and Bang373 genes (90–95%). However, amino acid sequence identities between WH‐1 and ADRV were almost the same (VP2, VP6, and NSP3), or lower (NSP2) than those between WH‐1 and CAL‐1 (or Bang373). Since rates of synonymous substitution and transition between WH‐1 and ADRV were similar for all the segments analyzed, genetic evolution was considered to have occurred neutrally and at a similar speed in most of the RNA segments. Based on the sequence divergence between WH‐1 and ADRV, the mutation rate in natural condition of human group B rotavirus was estimated as 7.9 × 10−4 substitution/site per year. The frequency of synonymous substitution between ADRV and Bang373 was 5.7 times higher than that between ADRV and WH‐1, suggesting that the group B rotaviruses of Indian–Bangladeshi lineage diverged from that of Chinese lineage several decades ago. J. Med. Virol. 74:662–667, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.