Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Changes in Firm Diversification on Union Wage Settlements for 15 Major U. S. Industrial Firms

A well known argument is that conglomerate firms may exploit their ability to cross-subsidize price wars for the purpose of engaging in predatory pricing. ' A similar argument advanced by organized labor is that conglomerate firms can often outlast unions during strikes because they can cross-subsidize strike costs indefinitely [1; 15; 17]. This cross-subsidizing of strike costs, labor argues, greatly reduces the effectiveness of striking as a bargaining weapon, resulting in lower wage settlements for the union. Another fear articulated by organized labor is that conglomerates can simply eliminate divisions with troublesome unions. Since this threat is perceived by most unions as credible it may further increase the bargaining power of the firm [19]. While the opportunity to cross-subsidize strike costs or to eliminate troublesome divisions clearly exists for many conglomerates, there is no empirical evidence that they engage in these activities or that they enjoy lower wage settlements [12; 15]. ' This paper tests the proposition that diversification efforts by the firm can lead to lower wage settlements. Unlike earlier studies that examine the effect of a firm's conglomerate nature on wage levels, this paper examines how recent changes in the firm's level of diversification may affect wage settlements. The remainder of the paper is outlined as follows. In section I several key aspects of organized labor's argument are discussed and a formal testable hypothesis is proposed. Section II proposes a simple empirical test of the hypothesis. Section III discusses the data and the construction of key variables. Section IV reports and interprets the results of the regressions. Section V concludes the paper.
Predicting posttraumatic growth among Hurricane Katrina survivors living with HIV: the role of self-efficacy, social support, and PTSD symptoms

Abstract The study tested the model of adaptation after trauma by Benight and Bandura (2004) indicating that posttraumatic recovery may be predicted directly by coping self-efficacy (CSE) and indirectly by social support. These relations were investigated in the context of posttraumatic growth (PTG) among Hurricane Katrina survivors living with HIV. Additionally, it was hypothesized that among individuals with more intensive Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, those with strong CSE would experience the strongest PTG. Cross-sectional data were collected among 90 patients with HIV who reinitiated care at the HIV outpatient clinic. Questionnaires were administered approximately 14 months after the hurricane. Higher CSE was related to higher PTG among the survivors who suffered from more intensive PTSD symptoms. Received social support was directly related to only one index of PTG, relating to others. Furthermore, although there was a significant relationship between social support and CSE, the indirect conditional effect of received social support on PTG was not confirmed. Similar results were obtained across the indices of PTG, controlling for the level of exposure to hurricane-related trauma. Cross-sectional design and convenience character of the sample warrants replications.
Do the Size, Value, and Momentum Factors Drive Stock Returns in Emerging Markets?

This paper investigates the size, value, and momentum effects in 18 emerging stock markets during the period 1990–2013. We find that size and momentum strategies generally fail to generate superior returns in emerging markets. The value effect exists in all markets except Brazil, and it is robust to different periods and market conditions. Value premiums tend to move positively together across different markets, and such inter-market comovements increase overtime and during the global financial crisis.
The Experimental Research of Nerve Fibers Compensation Amplification Innervation of Ular Nerve and Musculocutaneous Nerve in Rhesus Monkeys

Abstract This experiment intended to authenticate the compensation and amplification effect of regenerated nerve fibers after nerve injury in primate. The Rhesus Monkeys right ulnar nerves and musculocutaneous nerves were chosed. The proximal impaired ulnar nerve as the proximal end and the distal impaired ulnar nerve musculocutaneous nerve as the distal ends. The ulnar nerve proximal stump fibers can grow into both the ulnar nerve distal stump and the musculocutaneus nerve at the same time and established two different electrophysiological conduction passageway. There exist nerve fibers compensation amplification effect after peripheral nerve injury on Rhesus Monkeys.
Risperidone: a review

When the risk of agranulocytosis associated with clozapine, the prototype of the second-generation neuroleptics, became apparent, its prescription was restricted to patients refractory to classical neuroleptics such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol. This stimulated the development of several novel second-generation antipsychotics with a clinical profile similar to that of clozapine. These novel antipsychotics, which include risperidone, olanzapine and others, are characterised by different pharmacological structures, and also to a certain degree by different pharmacological mechanisms. Following the increased research on the novel second-generation antipsychotics, it became apparent that they not only have the advantage of better extrapyramidal tolerability than the classical neuroleptics, but also have a broader efficacy spectrum (i.e., advantages in the treatment of negative and depressive symptoms and cognitive disturbances in the context of schizophrenia). Risperidone was specifically designed by Paul Janssen as a combined 5-HT2A and D2 receptor antagonist, thus following the pharmacological mechanism thought to be responsible for the antipsychotic effects of clozapine. After its advent in the 1990s as the first novel second-generation antipsychotic, risperidone achieved worldwide acceptance. The following review gives an overview of the huge clinical database available for risperidone in the field of schizophrenia.
Cost-Effectiveness of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Testing to Target PARP Inhibitor Use in Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

Objectives(1) To determine whether use of a PARP inhibitor or (2) BRCA1/2 mutation testing followed by a PARP inhibitor for test positives is potentially cost-effective for maintenance treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer. MethodsA modified Markov decision analysis compared 3 strategies: (1) observe; (2) olaparib to progression; (3) BRCA1/2 mutation testing; treat mutation carriers with olaparib to progression. Progression-free survival and rates of adverse events were derived from a phase 2 randomized trial. Key assumptions are as follows: (1) 14% of patients harbor a BRCA1/2 mutation; (2) progression-free survival of individuals treated with olaparib is improved for BCRA1/2 carriers compared with noncarriers (estimated hazard ratio, approximately 0.4). Costs derived from national data were assigned to treatments, adverse events, and BRCA1/2 test. Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. ResultsGlobal olaparib was the most effective strategy, followed by BRCA1/2 testing and no olaparib. BRCA1/2 testing had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $193,442 per progression-free year of life saved (PF-YLS) compared to no olaparib, whereas global olaparib had an ICER of $234,128 per PF-YLS compared to BRCA1/2 testing. At a 52% lower-than-baseline olaparib cost estimate of $3000 per month, BRCA1/2 testing became potentially cost-effective compared with observation, with an ICER of $100,000 per PF-YLS. When strategy (1) was removed from the analysis, BRCA1/2 testing was the preferred strategy. ConclusionsThe use of maintenance olaparib in women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer is not cost-effective regardless of whether BRCA1/2 testing is used to direct treatment. However, BRCA1/2 testing is a preferred strategy compared to global maintenance olaparib alone.
Homeostasis and Catabolism of Choline and Glycine Betaine: Lessons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Most sequenced bacteria possess mechanisms to import choline and glycine betaine (GB) into the cytoplasm. The primary role of choline in bacteria appears to be as the precursor to GB, and GB is thought to primarily act as a potent osmoprotectant. Choline and GB may play accessory roles in shaping microbial communities, based on their limited availability and ability to enhance survival under stress conditions. Choline and GB enrichment near eukaryotes suggests a role in the chemical relationships between these two kingdoms, and some of these interactions have been experimentally demonstrated. While many bacteria can convert choline to GB for osmoprotection, a variety of soil- and water-dwelling bacteria have catabolic pathways for the multistep conversion of choline, via GB, to glycine and can thereby use choline and GB as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen. In these choline catabolizers, the GB intermediate represents a metabolic decision point to determine whether GB is catabolized or stored as an osmo- and stress protectant. This minireview focuses on this decision point in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which aerobically catabolizes choline and can use GB as an osmoprotectant and a nutrient source. P. aeruginosa is an experimentally tractable and ecologically relevant model to study the regulatory pathways controlling choline and GB homeostasis in choline-catabolizing bacteria. The study of P. aeruginosa associations with eukaryotes and other bacteria also makes this a powerful model to study the impact of choline and GB, and their associated regulatory and catabolic pathways, on host-microbe and microbe-microbe relationships.
PTSD not an anxiety disorder? DSM committee proposal turns back the hands of time

The proposed DSM-5 changes to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), reviewed in detail in the last month's issue by Friedman et al.[1] include the addition of symptoms, changes to the symptom clusters, and re-conceptualization of PTSD as a “trauma and stressor-related disorder” instead of an anxiety disorder. The rationale for this shift is unclear, under-developed, and unsupported. It is our strong opinion that, at this point, there is insufficient evidence for PTSD to be considered distinct from the anxiety disorders as outlined below.
Apples compared to Apples: Attitudes towards cisgenic and transgenic breeds

The discussion on the use of Genetically Modified (GM) crops has become a tedious issue. It seems that an amicable settlement of the conflicts between those who object the use of GM crops and want a general ban (more or less) on modification of plant and animal genetic resources on the one side, and those who want to have a generic permit for the application of genetic modifications (to authorize their experiments with nature) on the other side, remains to be a mirage. The conflict is also about the aims of agrobiotechnology as well as the distribution of its costs and benefits. This article seeks to advance towards a solution by suggesting that a property rights assignment may help to realize an agreement that is less risky than the current status quo. We outline a bargaining model referring to government regulations on property rights, which shall encourage mutually respected private agreements for industry and farming. It can be an explicit right to pursue commercial biotechnology or an explicit right to be protected from the exposure to commercial GM crops Specifically we aim at designating interests in a rights exchange to settle the conflict. It is the objective of this contribution (1) to analyze the exchange of rights in a political economy viewpoint instead of proposing a market solution (Harsanyi/Zusman). (2) It attempts to outline the stakeholders’ interests and to specify externalities of uncertain effects of GM crops. (3) The article refers to a compromise which could be built on reciprocity where risk is the common denominator. The compromise requires an understanding beyond the exchange of technical details and involves a political bargaining process to find “better” solutions as well as commitments. Solutions are defined as reduced risks from GM crops given current status of a most likely inevitable spread of GM crops.
Re‐examination of the human taste region: a positron emission tomography study

There is considerable uncertainty regarding the cortical areas in the human brain that are involved in gustatory processing. Evidence from nonhuman primates indicates that parts of the peri‐central opercular region (secondary somatosensory cortex) and insular cortex may be important for gustatory processing. The aim of the study was to examine changes in cerebral blood flow during gustatory stimulation (with sucrose or water) in the insulo‐opercular region of the human brain with positron emission tomography using only movement of the tongue and mouth as control conditions. This is important because subtractions of responses to one gustatory stimulus from those to another may mask gustatory activity that is common to both stimuli, even when the control stimulus is an apparently tasteless one (e.g. water). Bilateral increases in activity were observed in the insulo‐opercular region and, consistent with animal work, they indicate that there are a number of separate foci within this general area where primary gustatory inputs may be processed.
Community belonging and health.

OBJECTIVES This article explores the relationship between sense of community belonging and self-perceived health. DATA SOURCE The data are from the first half of cycle 1.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), collected from September 2000 through February 2001. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES Descriptive information relating socio-demographic variables to sense of community belonging is presented. Multiple logistic regression is used to study the association between sense of community belonging and self-perceived health, while controlling for socio-demographic conditions and other health-related factors. MAIN RESULTS Just over half (56%) of Canadians report a strong or somewhat strong sense of belonging to their local community. Community belonging is associated with self-perceived health, even when controlling for socio-economic status, the presence of chronic disease, health behaviours, stress and other factors.
In Search of an Effective Monitoring Board Model: Board Reforms and the Political Economy of Corporate Law in China

The board governance system is a major corporate governance difference between jurisdictions. While functional convergence and hybrid convergence of national board systems now seem prevalent, China's board reforms present a unique pattern of change in formal board governance rules. On the one hand, the new institution of independent directors was "codified" and made mandatory for all Chinese listed companies, regardless of their size or ownership structures. On the other hand, the traditional management-supervisory dual structure was preserved and the supervisory board as a monitoring organ strengthened. The article explores what factors may have shaped the trajectory of board governance reform in China by addressing the following questions: (1) why the new institution of independent directors was chosen in 2001 and then "codified" in the new 2005 Company Law amid stiff opposition; (2) why the existing institution of supervisory board has persisted, despite its ineffectiveness and inefficiency in monitoring; and (3) why China has adopted its unique mandatory approach to board reforms. The article argues that the trajectory of China's board reforms has been shaped by the intricate interaction between globalization, local interest group politics and the official ideology in China. China's board reforms, the article suggests, support the proposition that despite the powerful forces of globalization and efficiency, substantial differences in corporate law systems will persist.
Learning-based super-resolution image reconstruction on multi-core processor

Super-resolution image reconstruction is an important technology in many image processing areas such as image sensing, medical imaging, satellite imaging, and television signal conversion. It is also being used as a unique selling point for a recent consumer HDTV set equipped with a multi-core processor. Among the various super-resolution methods, the learning-based method is one of the most promising solutions. However, this method is difficult to implement in real time because of the computational time required for searching the large database of reference images. In this paper, we propose a new learning-based superresolution method that utilizes total variation (TV) regularization. We obtain excellent image quality improvement and a large reduction in the computational time with this method. Our method was implemented on a multi-core processor to examine the possibility of real-time processing. The method enables the adoption of learning-based super-resolution for current HDTV sets equipped with multi-core processors as well as for the next generation HDTVs with 4 K × 2 K panels.
Structural cohesion and embeddedness in two-mode networks

ABSTRACT The detection of structural cohesion is a key utility of social network analysis, but little work has been done to refine the detection of structural cohesion in two-mode networks. Most work on cohesion in two-mode networks either: (1) attempts to detect cohesion in such networks using one-mode projections (which can be problematic for reasons we discuss); or (2) focuses on restrictive substructures like bi-cliques to identify cohesive subgroups. We propose a new strategy for two-mode networks that follows the general reasoning of approaches to detecting structural cohesion in one-mode networks. Our approach identifies the number of actors from one node set that may be removed before disconnecting actors in the opposite set. We also develop a definition of embeddedness that draws on Moody and White’s hierarchical nesting approach.
Natural history of glenohumeral dislocation—revisited

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural history of glenohumeral dislocation in young athletes. A review of the literature revealed a consensus of opinion that the dislocated shoulder should be immo bilized from 3-6 weeks. However, a high recurrence rate could be expected. One hundred twenty-one patients with acute trau matic anterior dislocations were evaluated (average age—19 years). Methods of immobilization were shoulder immobilizers and slings and swaths. Sixty- two patients were immobilized and 56 (90%) of these suffered recurrent dislocation. Fifty-nine patients were not immobilized and 50 (85%) re-dislocated their shoulders. The length of immobilization had no effect on the recurrence rate. All re-dislocations occurred within 18 months of the initial injury. Seventy-nine patients were operated on for recurrent dislocation. With such a high recurrence rate in the athletic age group, the authors question if immobilization affects the prognosis.
Sex Classification by Resting State Brain Connectivity

A large amount of brain imaging research has focused on group studies delineating differences between males and females with respect to both cognitive performance as well as structural and functional brain organization. To supplement existing findings, the present study employed a machine learning approach to assess how accurately participants’ sex can be classified based on spatially specific resting state (RS) brain-connectivity, using two samples from the Human Connectome Project (n1 = 434, n2 = 310) and one fully independent sample from the 1000BRAINS study (n=941). The classifier, which was trained on one sample and tested on the other two, was able to reliably classify sex, both within sample and across independent samples, differing both with respect to imaging parameters and sample characteristics. Brain regions displaying highest sex classification accuracies were mainly located along the cingulate cortex, medial and lateral frontal cortex, temporo-parietal regions, insula and precuneus. These areas were stable across samples and match well with previously described sex differences in functional brain organization. While our data show a clear link between sex and regionally specific brain connectivity, they do not support a clear-cut dimorphism in functional brain organization that is driven by sex alone.
Partial Denervation for Persistent Neuroma Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Despite the high percentage of patients who are satisfied completely with the results of total knee arthroplasty, there is a small group who remain disabled because of persistent neuroma pain. Recently, a better understanding of the innervation of the skin and capsule around the human knee joint has provided a theoretical basis for denervation in this group of patients. Fifteen patients were identified who had persistent or worse knee pain for >6 months after total knee arthroplasty. In each patient, component loosening, misalignment, knee instability, and infection had been excluded systematically as a source of pain. Pain was evaluated preoperatively with the Knee Society Functional Score Questionnaire and a visual analog scale. To be selected for surgery, each patient must have had a reduction by 5 points on the visual analogue scale for pain after undergoing selective nerve blocks. Postoperative assessment was done by a team that did not include the surgeon who did the denervation. The technique for selective knee denervation is described in detail. All 15 patients had at least 1 of the nerves to the knee selectively denervated (45 nerves in 15 patients). All patients reported subjective improvement in the immediate postoperative period. This improvement was maintained at a mean followup of 12 months (range, 6–16 months). Selective knee denervation is indicated in the management of intractable knee pain of neuroma origin after total knee arthroplasty.
Dentoalveolar abscess: A case of poor dental visit and unawareness of dental treatment ?

OBJECTIVE Dentoalveolar abscess is a serious complication that may arise from untreated dental caries, periodontal disease, pericoronitis and facial fractures. The objective of study was to ascertain the dental visit pattern and awareness of dental treatment among patients attending a secondary oral health facility in Benin-City with dentoalveolar abscess. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 patients that presented with dentoalveolar abscess in the Dental Clinic of Central Hospital between September, 2012 and July, 2013 constituted the study population. Data was collected using unstructured in-depth interview, following a topic guide. RESULTS Of the 50 patients, 29 (58%) were females, while 21 (42%) were males. Age range was between 3-67 years and the educational status of the patients ranged from illiterate to graduates of tertiary institution. Time interval between onset of pain and presentation of swelling was 1 day to 10 years. Forty-five patients (90%) have heard of dentists. A total of 27 (60%) reported teeth extraction as the only treatment carried out by dentists, 12 (27%) extraction/restoration replacement/treatment and 5 (13%) treatment only. Thirty-seven patients (74%) were first time clinic attendees, 7 (14%) were second time clinic attendees and 6 (12%) were three times and more clinic attendees. CONCLUSION This study revealed that patients attending secondary oral health facility with dentoalveolar abscess were dominantly first time dental clinic attendees and exhibited low awareness of treatments offered by dentists. There is need to further investigate the barriers to preventive visits and to improve of awareness of dental treatment among previous dental clinic attendees.