Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PBX and MEIS as Non-DNA-Binding Partners in Trimeric Complexes with HOX Proteins

ABSTRACT HOX, PBX, and MEIS transcription factors bind DNA through a homeodomain. PBX proteins bind DNA cooperatively as heterodimers with MEIS family members and also with HOX proteins from paralog groups 1 to 10. MEIS proteins cooperatively bind DNA with ABD-B class HOX proteins of groups 9 and 10. Here, we examine aspects of dimeric and higher-order interactions between these three homeodomain classes. The most significant results can be summarized as follows. (i) Most of PBX N terminal to the homeodomain is required for efficient cooperative binding with HOXD4 and HOXD9. (ii) MEIS and PBX proteins form higher-order complexes on a heterodimeric binding site. (iii) Although MEIS does not cooperatively bind DNA with ANTP class HOX proteins, it does form a trimer as a non-DNA-binding partner with DNA-bound PBX-HOXD4. (iv) The N terminus of HOXD4 negatively regulates trimer formation. (v) MEIS forms a similar trimer with DNA-bound PBX-HOXD9. (vi) A related trimer (where MEIS is a non-DNA-binding partner) is formed on a transcriptional promoter within the cell. (vii) We observe an additional trimer class involving non-DNA-bound PBX and DNA-bound MEIS-HOXD9 or MEIS-HOXD10 heterodimers that is enhanced by mutation of the PBX homeodomain. (viii) In this latter trimer, PBX is likely to contact both MEIS and HOXD9/D10. (ix) The stability of DNA binding by all trimers is enhanced relative to the heterodimers. These findings suggest novel functions for PBX and MEIS in modulating the function of DNA-bound MEIS-HOX and PBX-HOX heterodimers, respectively.
Which Big-Five personality traits drive entrepreneurial failure in highly innovative industries?

The relation between the comprehensive personality of highly innovative entrepreneurs and their disposition to fail is still strongly underinvestigated. Thus in this paper we examine a dataset consisting of 423 entrepreneurs from the German federal state of Thuringia is employed in order to examine the relationship between the Big-Five personality traits (conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, neuroticism) and entrepreneurial failure in highly innovative industries. Correspondingly, we identify seemingly successful discontinuances as far as possible with the help of a firm credit rating. As a framework for the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial failure the five-factor personality system theory of McCrae and Costa (1996, 1999) is operated. We find evidence that agreeable entrepreneurs have a lower probability to fail at all times from the start up of their firms. In contrast, conscientiousness increases the failure hazard rate at the time launching a firm, even if this effect diminishes over time. Neuroticism, openness, and extraversion are seemingly not related to the hazard of entrepreneurial failure in highly innovative industries. We conclude that this personality profile rather refers to effectuators in Sarasvathy's (2001) terminology than to entrepreneurs who build up their firms on causation principles.
Early smoking onset may promise initial pleasurable sensations and later addiction

There is converging evidence suggesting a particular susceptibility to the addictive properties of nicotine among adolescents. The aim of the current study was to prospectively ascertain the relationship between age at first cigarette and initial smoking experiences, and to examine the combined effects of these characteristics of adolescent smoking behavior on adult smoking. It was hypothesized that the association between earlier age at first cigarette and later development of nicotine dependence may, at least in part, be attributable to differences in experiencing pleasurable early smoking sensations. Data were drawn from the participants of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. Structured interviews at age 15, 19 and 22 years were conducted to assess the age at first cigarette, early smoking experiences and current smoking behavior in 213 young adults. In addition, the participants completed the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Adolescents who smoked their first cigarette at an earlier age reported more pleasurable sensations from the cigarette, and they were more likely to be regular smokers at age 22. The age at first cigarette also predicted the number of cigarettes smoked and dependence at age 22. Thus, both the age of first cigarette and the pleasure experienced from the cigarette independently predicted aspects of smoking at age 22.
Discourse Structure of Persian Telephone Conversation : A Description of the Closing

Mastery of the grammatical system of a language is not enough for the use of a language, we need to have “the knowledge of the rules of use and communi catively approach performance” (Richards & Schmidt, 1982, p.52) in conversation and particular ly language in telephone conversation. Closing a telephone conversation is an activity which should be done collaboratively by both participants through employing a variety of procedures in order to bring the conversation to an end. In closing, speakers have to be concerned about the appropriate strategies to be used; otherwise, misunderstanding is likely to occur. A well-structu red closing can strengthen mutual solidarity and serve maintaining the relationships. This study aims to make a comparison between Englis h and Persian speaker’s choice of strategies in telephone conversation closings. Natural data are t ap recorded and transcribed for analysis to explor e how closing is realized in Persian and how comparab le it is to English. The English data analysis is according to Liddicoat’s findings (2007); he discov ered the general conventions of conversation closing in English speech. Our comparison shows pec uliar differences in the structure of the speech act of closing across English and Persian. The diff rences include mainly the strategies employed by the speakers to end a telephone conversation.
Neutrino decoupling in the early Universe.

A calculation of neutrino decoupling in the early Universe, including full Fermi-Dirac statistics and electron mass dependence in the weak reaction rates, is presented. We find that after decoupling the electron neutrinos contribute 0.83% more to the relativistic energy density than in the standard scenario, where neutrinos are assumed not to share the heating from ${\mathit{e}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ annihilation. The corresponding number for \ensuremath{\mu} and \ensuremath{\tau} neutrinos is 0.41%. This has the consequence of modifying the primordial $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ abundance by \ensuremath{\Delta}Y=+1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$, and the cosmological mass limit on light neutrinos by 0.2\char21{}0.5 eV.
Cholinergic amacrine neurons of the dogfish retina

Abstract In the mammalian retina, the dendritic arbors of cholinergic amacrine neurons have a unique starburst shape; these arbors lie in narrow sublaminae within the inner plexiform layer, where they provide input to a wide variety of ganglion cell types. Immunocytochemistry has been used to identify cholinergic cells in one poikilotherm, the goldfish (Tumosa et al., 1984), but there has been no description of the detailed dendritic morphology of these cells in the lower vertebrates. In the present study, cholinergic neurons have been characterized, by immunocytochemistry and dye filling, in the retina of the Pacific Coast dogfish, Squalus acanthias. The inner nuclear layer contained two populations of choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive amacrine cells, of different sizes (average soma diameters 12.2 vs. 16.3 μm); 70% of the immunoreactive cells were of the smaller type. Cholinergic dendrites from these two cell populations formed two narrow strata within the inner plexiform layer, at depths of 14% and 31%. In the ganglion cell layer, 40% of the cells were immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT); these cells were very homogeneous in size, had an average diameter of 12.6 μm, and appeared to represent a single class of cholinergic amacrine. The dendrites of these cells formed a single, narrow stratum within the inner plexiform layer, at a depth of 59%. In living preparations, the smallest cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer were filled iontophoretically with Lucifer Yellow, under microscopic control. Such cells invariably had a stellate morphology; in many cases, they appeared quite similar to the starburst cholinergic amacrine cells described in rabbit and rat (Vaney, 1984; Voigt, 1986). Although double-label experiments failed to demonstrate ChAT immunoreactivity in specific dye-filled cells, the dendritic arbors of individual dye-filled stellate dogfish amacrines did co-stratify precisely with the proximal ChAT-immunoreactive sublamina of the inner plexiform layer. In addition, dye injection and ChAT immunocytochemistry appeared to label the same population of dogfish neurons, as suggested by the close structural similarity, and similar numerical proportion, of the cells identified with these two techniques. Similarities between the displaced cholinergic amacrine neurons of the dogfish retina, and the cholinergic, “starburst” amacrine neurons of the rabbit retina, are discussed.
Adaptive tracking control of ball screw drives with load mass variations

Considering the load mass variations in real applications, an adaptive disturbance rejection tracking controller for ball screw drive system is proposed in this article. In this control framework, active disturbance rejection controller, proportional-integral controller and feedforward controller based on the equivalent error model are combined to realize precision tracking control of the system. Besides, this control scheme is designed to automatically tune the controller gains according to the identified load mass. Comparative simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed adaptive disturbance rejection tracking controller significantly outperforms the cascade P-PI (proportional position controller and proportional-integral speed controller) control scheme in the presence of load mass variations.
Identification of Tim40 That Mediates Protein Sorting to the Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space*

Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol, imported into mitochondria, and sorted to one of the four mitochondrial subcompartments. Here we identified a new inner membrane protein, Tim40, that mediates sorting of small Tim proteins to the intermembrane space. Tim40 is essential for yeast cell growth, and its function in vivo requires six conserved Cys residues but not anchoring of the protein to the inner membrane by its N-terminal hydrophobic segment. Depletion of Tim40 impairs the import of small Tim proteins into mitochondria both in vivo and in vitro. In wild-type mitochondria, Tim40 forms a translocation intermediate with small Tim proteins prior to their assembly in the intermembrane space in vitro. These results suggest the essential role of Tim40 in sorting/assembly of small Tim proteins.
Direct aspiration first pass technique for a middle cerebral artery occlusion with a hidden aneurysm

Hidden aneurysms within occluded vessels present a challenge for interventionists because vessel perforation can lead to life-threatening complications. We present a case of middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke, refractory to thrombolysis. A direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) was employed for revascularization. Following thrombectomy, an aneurysm of the occluded vessel was revealed. Despite this, the patient recovered without hemorrhagic complication. ADAPT permits the minimal insertion of endovascular devices and might be a safe procedure when hidden aneurysms are suspected.
Research on 3-dB wilkinson power divider with arbitrary phase-shift

In this paper, the importance of phase-shift analysis for power dividers (PDs) is illustrated. The existence of power dividers with arbitrary phase-shift has been investigated. And it is revealed for the first time that if the arm of PD is the asymmetric structure, or the isolated circuits between two outputs include reactance elements, the PD must have a non-90° phase-shift. Subsequently, two formulas to calculate the phase-shift of PD are given. Finally, seven kinds of published PDs are investigated and confirmed that they all have non-90°phase-shift at work frequencies.
Underwater Ambient Noise in a Baleen Whale Migratory Habitat Off the Azores

Assessment of underwater noise is of particular interest given the increase in noise-generating human activities and the potential negative effects on marine mammals which depend on sound for many vital processes. The Azores archipelago is an important migratory and feeding habitat for blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) en route to summering grounds in northern Atlantic waters. High levels of low frequency noise in this area could displace whales or interfere with foraging behavior, impacting energy intake during a critical stage of their annual cycle. In this study, bottom-mounted Ecological Acoustic Recorders were deployed at three Azorean seamounts (Condor, Acores and Gigante) to measure temporal variations in background noise levels and ship noise in the 18-1,000 Hz frequency band, used by baleen whales to emit and receive sounds. Monthly average noise levels ranged from 90.3 dB re 1 μPa (Acores seamount) to 103.1 dB re 1 μPa (Condor seamount) and local ship noise was present up to 13% of the recording time in Condor. At this location, average contribution of local boat noise to background noise levels is almost 10 dB higher than wind contribution, which might temporally affect detection ranges for baleen whale calls and difficult communication at long ranges. Given the low time percentatge with noise levels above 120 dB re 1μPa found here (3.3 % at Condor), we woud expect limited behavioural responses to ships from baleen whales. Sound pressure levels measured in the Azores are lower than those reported for the Mediterranean basin and the Strait of Gibraltar. However, the currently unknown effects of baleen whale vocalization masking and the increasing presence of boats at the monitored sites underline the need for continuous monitoring to understand any long-term impacts on whales.
Process‐Based Models of Species Distributions and the Mid‐Domain Effect

Null models that place species ranges at random within a bounded geographical domain produce hump‐shaped species richness gradients (the “mid‐domain effect,” or MDE). However, there is debate about the extent to which these models are a suitable null expectation for effects of environmental gradients on species richness. Here, I present a process‐based framework for modeling species distributions within a bounded geographical domain. Analysis of null models consistent with the mid‐domain hypothesis shows that MDEs are indeed likely to be ubiquitous consequences of geographical domain boundaries. Comparing the probability distributions of range locations for the process‐based and randomization‐based models reveals that randomization models probably overestimate the contribution of MDEs to empirical patterns of species richness, but it also indicates that other testable predictions from randomization models are likely to be robust. I also show how this process‐based framework can be extended beyond null models to incorporate effects of environmental gradients within the domain. This study provides a first step toward an ecological theory of species distributions in geographical space that can incorporate both “geometric constraints” and effects of environmental gradients, and it shows how such a theory can inform our understanding of species richness gradients in nature.
Layer‐Specific Pathways for the Horizontal Propagation of Epileptiform Discharges in Neocortex

Summary: Purpose: Epileptiform discharges that resemble interictal spikes can be generated by slices of neocortex treated with antagonists of γ‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors. These discharges can propagate horizontally for long distances. We tested the hypothesis that propagation occurs through preferred horizontal pathways that lie in a particular cortical layer.
Wellness Promotion Beliefs and Practices of Pediatric Physical Therapists

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate wellness promotion beliefs and practices of pediatric physical therapists. Methods: From a random sample of 500 American Physical Therapy Association Pediatric Section active members, 257 physical therapists (51%) returned usable questionnaires designed to gather information on professional and personal wellness beliefs and practices. Results: Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were performed to describe current wellness promotion practices. Most participants considered wellness multidimensional, valued wellness, and incorporated wellness practices into their personal life. Only 54.5% of respondents, however, reported incorporating wellness into pediatric physical therapy practice. A third of the respondents identified themselves as either thinking or preparing to incorporate wellness promotion into practice. Factors associated with wellness promotion were older age group, knowledge, belief that wellness promotion was a physical therapy responsibility, and participation in personal wellness lifestyle activities. The most frequent barriers cited were external factors related to resources, time, and the child/family. Conclusions: Current pediatric physical therapy practice reflects a more traditional model of care rather than a wellness promotion approach. With a paradigm shift in healthcare toward wellness promotion, pediatric physical therapists need to align practice with current societal needs and national healthcare campaigns. Continuing education programs that are participatory and well matched to the characteristics and needs of the attendees combined with collegial support may prove fruitful in providing pediatric physical therapists with the knowledge, motivation, and strategies needed to accomplish this goal.
High frequency integrated Point of Load (POL) module with PCB embedded inductor substrate

In this paper, a novel alloy flake composite material is used to demonstrate the PCB integrated magnetic component with low temperature fabrication process. The most important benefit of the alloy flake composite core is easy to be patterned into any desired shape for integration. Compared with the traditional flake composite, the permeability and core loss of the new flake composite are improved prominently, by doing some lateral alignment of the flake and increasing the volume ratio of the alloy. The layerwise magnetic core is sandwiched into multilayer PCB using conventional PCB laminating technique. It has been proved that the manufacturing process, such as laminating, cutting and drilling, has very little impact on the magnetic properties of the flake core. Based on a simple 4-layer PCB substrate with embedded core, the megahertz 3D integrated Point of Load (POL) modules are built, which achieve more than 700 W/in3 power density. The PCB modules survive after hundreds of thermal variation cycles, validating the reliability and compatibility of the alloy flake composite material with PCB integration. In addition, the application of standard PCB process reduces the cost for manufacturing such integrated modules due to the easy automation and low temperature process.
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone complex inhibitor, Radicicol, potentiated radiation-induced cell killing in a hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell line through degradation of the androgen receptor

Until now, there has not been enough information on how androgens or androgen deprivation may influence the response of cancer cells to radiation. In this study, the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on cellular proliferative activity and radiosensitivity was examined in a hormone-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. In addition, the study also examined how a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone complex inhibitor modified the effect of DHT on the radiosensitivity of the cells, because binding of the androgen receptor (AR) to Hsp90 is required to maintain the stability and functioning of AR. The hormone-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, was used. Radicicol was used as one of the known Hsp90 chaperone complex inhibitors, and the cells were incubated in the presence of this compound at a concentration of 500 nM. Cellular radiosensitivity was determined by the clonogenic assay; the changes in the protein expression were examined by Western blotting or immunofluorescence. DHT at a concentration of 1 nM caused enhancement of the proliferative activity and reduction of the radiosensitivity of the cells. Radicicol at a concentration of 500 nM abolished the DHT-induced decrease in cellular radiosensitivity and potentiated the radiation-induced cell killing synergistically. Consistent with the changes in the cellular radiosensitivity, radicicol degraded AR, Raf-1 and HER2/neu via reduced binding of AR to Hsp90, although selective degradation of HER2/neu caused by Herceptin, a monoclonal antibody against HER2, did not affect the cellular radiosensitivity. The results suggest that the Hsp90 chaperone complex may be a potential molecular target for potentiation of radiation-induced cell killing in a hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell line.
You Can Take the Eyes Out of the Doll, But…

The perceived animacy of a face is well-predicted by the perceived animacy of the eyes presented in isolation. This is not true for other facial features (eg having a highly life-like nose does not appear to be crucial), suggesting that the eyes are a critical feature for perceiving life in a face. Here, we asked whether it was therefore possible to ‘transplant’ animacy into a face by transplanting the eyes into a face image. We conducted digital eye surgery on a series of morphed human/doll faces and found that while doll eyes make a morphed face look less alive, human eyes do not make you look more so. Thus, we cannot so easily transplant animacy into a face, but we can take it away.
Efficacy of carbon dioxide‐insufflating colonoscopy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized double‐blind study

Background and Aim: Colonoscopy has the disadvantage of pain and discomfort for patients. It has been shown in randomized controlled trials that carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflations significantly reduce pain and discomfort in patients undergoing colonoscopy. However, there have been no studies in which CO2 insufflation in colonoscopy of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was investigated.