Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Mammographic Images

The main motivation in using intensity attributes to analyze and compare the technologies of mammography images acquisition is that such images are intrinsically of low contrast, which hinders the lesions detection and interpretation. Considering the viewing conditions, the study is under development to validate the influence of the contrast variation of many types of equipment on the radiologist's diagnosis. However, for the image processing, the contrast variation can be considered a problem affecting the detection of important structures. A large-intensity variation in a digitized image can be manipulated by image-processing techniques and aid in lesion detection. However, low-intensity variation, as observed in the images of full-field digital mammography systems, can impede the detection of some lesions types, as masses are structures of low contrast. Therefore, the new technologies should be tested and validated for an adequate calibration according to the procedures adjacent to the image acquisition itself.
Shape-adaptive DCT for generic coding of video

A low complexity shape-adaptive DCT algorithm suitable for coding pels in arbitrarily shaped image segments is introduced. In contrast to other techniques described in literature the proposed algorithm is based on predefined orthogonal sets of DCT basis functions and does not require more computations than a normal block DCT. It is shown that the shape-adaptive DCT algorithm can be easily incorporated into existing block-based JPEG, H.261, or MPEG coding schemes. Thus segment or object based coding of images and video can be provided with backward compatibility to existing coding standards. As an important feature, with the proposed technique additional content based functionalities currently discussed in the MPEG-4 standardization phase can be readily achieved. >
Big placenta and anaemia in pregnancy

Background: Birthing process is the journey of the spirit/ soul. The Placenta is the home for this spirit/ soul for nine months. Placenta has a huge role to play throughout the pregnancy acting as the kidneys, lungs and intestines all in one 1 . Placenta is an organ that is essential to the survival and growth of the fetus of the mammals. Anaemia in pregnancy is common and one of the risk factors in pregnancy. Maternal anaemia result in fetal hypoxemia and also stimulates placental growth. In anaemia, significant changes both in gross morphology and in histology of the placenta can occur. Type of study: Descriptive. Place of study: Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Study period: July 2005 to June 2006. Methods: Sixty (60) placentas of Bangladeshi pregnant women were studied. Out of 60 placentas, anaemic and control group were 40 and 20 respectively. The study was designed to determine, morphological changes of placenta which is influenced by maternal anaemia. Macroscopic dimension of the placenta were measured with observation and dissection method. The samples were divided into group A (control), group B1 (mild anaemia), group B2 (moderate anaemia) and group B3 (severe anaemia). The severe group was not found in present study. Result: In anaemia, placental diameters, surface area and thickness were increased. Conclusion: There were morphological changes of the placenta in association with maternal anaemia. However, comprehensive work considering the physiological, biochemical, genetic as well as further gross, light, electron microscopic and morphometric placental studies are needed in order to support the findings of present study. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2. 12161 Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Vol.1, No.2, December 2009 p.17-20
Rate constrained multiresolution transmission of video

Multiresolution transmission of compressed video is performed using subbands. Multistage quantization is necessary for efficient embedded video transmission on rate constrained channels. This paper investigates the performance of a number of multistage scalar quantization techniques: concatenated coding, conditional entropy coding and conditional quantization. Intraframe as well as interframe coding approaches are investigated with these multistage quantization techniques on high definition and standard definition source material. >
Immmunophenotype of Spontaneous Hematolymphoid Tumors Occurring in Young and Aging Female CD-1 Mice

A few reports indicated the incidence of hematolymphoid neoplasms in old CD-1 mice, but the cellular lineage of CD-1 mouse neoplasms has not been published. In this study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to characterize the cellular lineage of spontaneous hematolymphoid neoplasms arising in 24 young female CD-1 mice used as health-monitoring sentinels and 32 aging female CD-1 mice used as controls in 80-week carcinogenesis studies. Lymphoblastic lymphomas of T-cell and B-cell lineage were common in mice aged 12 months or less, whereas a wide range of non-lymphoblastic B-cell lymphomas and lymphoblastic B-cell lymphomas were common in mice >12-mo-old. Renal hyaline droplets positive for lysozyme were observed in aged mice with a histiocytic-associated large B-cell lymphoma (HA-BCL) and a myeloid leukemia. Endogenous ecotropic mouse leukemia virus (MuLV) genes have been recovered from CD-1 mice, but MuLV protein expression has not been previously demonstrated. We reported for the first time the expression of a MuLV protein p30 by IHC in lymphomas and some normal tissues of both young and aging CD-1 mice. This report should help to differentiate spontaneous lymphomas and leukemias in CD-1 mice from those induced by chemicals and other methods.
Asynchrony-aware static analysis of Android applications

Software applications developed for the Android platform are very popular. Due to this, static analysis of these applications has received a lot of attention recently. An Android application is essentially an asynchronous, event-driven program. The Android framework manages the state of the application by invoking callbacks, called lifecycle callbacks, in pre-defined orders. Unfortunately, the existing static analysis techniques treat the callbacks synchronously. Additionally, they do not model all possible orderings of lifecycle callbacks. These may result in unsound analysis results. In this work, we present a precise representation of control flow of Android applications called Android inter-component control flow graph (AICCFG). In this representation, the asynchronous nature of the callbacks is modeled accurately. Further, all interleavings of callbacks of different components of an Android application are modeled in AICCFG. We use this representation to design a typestate analysis of Android applications. Android applications use a rich set of resources such as camera and media player whose safe usage is governed by some state machines. Using the typestate analysis, we can verify whether an application uses a resource safely or not. We have implemented the construction of AICCFG and the typestate analysis in the Soot framework. We have also implemented a variant of typestate analysis which uses the unsound control flow model used commonly in the literature. To compare our AICCFG based analysis with this, we present a benchmark of Android applications called AsyncBench. It comprises applications that use various resources in both safe and unsafe manner. The experiments over this benchmark demonstrate the benefits of our more precise control flow model and the typestate analysis.
Carbon Nanotube and Asbestos Exposures Induce Overlapping but Distinct Profiles of Lung Pathology in Non-Swiss Albino CF-1 Mice

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are emerging as important occupational and environmental toxicants owing to their increasing prevalence and potential to be inhaled as airborne particles. CNTs are a concern because of their similarities to asbestos, which include fibrous morphology, high aspect ratio, and biopersistence. Limitations in research models have made it difficult to experimentally ascertain the risk of CNT exposures to humans and whether these may lead to lung diseases classically associated with asbestos, such as mesothelioma and fibrosis. In this study, we sought to comprehensively compare profiles of lung pathology in mice following repeated exposures to multiwall CNTs or crocidolite asbestos (CA). We show that both exposures resulted in granulomatous inflammation and increased interstitial collagen; CA exposures caused predominantly bronchoalveolar hyperplasia, whereas CNT exposures caused alveolar hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes (T2Ps). T2Ps isolated from CNT-exposed lungs were found to have upregulated proinflammatory genes, including interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), in contrast to those from CA exposed. Immunostaining in tissue showed that while both toxicants increased IL-1ß protein expression in lung cells, T2P-specific IL-1ß increases were greater following CNT exposure. These results suggest related but distinct mechanisms of action by CNTs versus asbestos which may lead to different outcomes in the 2 exposure types.
Variaton of nuchal translucency with increasing crown rump length and gestational age in normal singleton pregnancies

This study was undertaken to estimate ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency (NT) thickness in normal fetuses between 11 and 13.6 weeks of gestation.The aim of this study was to establish normative data of nuchal translucency distribution in singleton pregnancies.600 fetuses with known normal outcome were included in this study. The distribution of median values of NT thickness with crown rump length(CRL) in 10 mm intervals and 95th percentile were calculated with linear regression method . False positive rates with increasing gestational age were studied. This study offers a normative data of fetal NT thickness in normal pregnancy, which can be used as a reference for screening chromosomal aberrations or other congenital abnormalities in the first trimester.
Spontaneous and Dosing Route–related Lung Lesions in Beagle Dogs from Oral Gavage and Inhalation Toxicity Studies

This study was conducted to characterize lung microscopic lesions in control beagle dogs from inhalation and oral gavage toxicity studies, to determine differences associated with the route of administration, and to discuss distinguishing features from compound-induced lung lesions. Samples from 138 control dogs from oral gavage studies and 124 control dogs from inhalation (vehicle control) studies were evaluated microscopically. There was no significant sex-related difference in the incidence of all lesions. Perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, centriacinar mixed cell infiltration, bronchopneumonia, subpleural septal fibrosis, and alveolar macrophage accumulation were the most common lesions. Aspiration pneumonia was more common in dogs from gavage studies, suggesting reflux after gavage dosing or accidental administration of test formulation as possible causes. Centriacinar mixed cell infiltration was more common in dogs from inhalation studies, suggesting mild irritation by the vehicles used. Vascular lesions, which included pulmonary arteriopathy and smooth muscle mineralization, were observed in a few animals. Some of the spontaneous lesions are similar to lesions induced by test compounds. Compared to spontaneous lesions, compound-induced lesions tend to be multifocal or diffuse, follow a pattern of distribution (e.g., centriacinar, perivascular, and interstitial), show a dose response in the incidence and severity, and may show cell-specific toxicity.
Lipids in association with leptin in maintenance hemodialysis patients

To consider the association of serum leptin with dyslipidemia in hemodialysis patients. For maintenance hemodialysis patients levels of serum pre and post dialysis blood urea nitrogen, lipid profiles and serum Leptin were measured. For the adequacy of hemodialysis the urea reduction rate was calculated. A significant difference of serum leptin between males and females of diabetics with more values in female dialysis patients was seen. In total patients a near significant and inverse correlation of serum leptin with serum LDL was seen. In male hemodialysis group a significant positive correlation of serum leptin with duration of hemodialysis and with the ages of the patients were seen, in this group also a near significant positive correlation of serum leptin with serum triglyceride levels was seen too. In total patients there was a near significant positive correlation of serum leptin with serum cholesterol of patients who had a cholesterol levels of more than 100 mg dL-1. Present data supports the hypothesis that in patients on hemodialysis, the association of leptin with cholesterol and triglyceride levels could show the positive effects of leptin on nutrition in hemodialysis patients which is in contrast to normal population.
Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies: A Review of Animal Models, Clinical End Points, and Biomarker Quantification

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are neuromuscular disorders that primarily affect boys due to an X-linked mutation in the DMD gene, resulting in reduced to near absence of dystrophin or expression of truncated forms of dystrophin. Some newer therapeutic interventions aim to increase sarcolemmal dystrophin expression, and accurate dystrophin quantification is critical for demonstrating pharmacodynamic relationships in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Current challenges with measuring dystrophin include the variation in protein expression within individual muscle fibers and across whole muscle samples, the presence of preexisting dystrophin-positive revertant fibers, and trace amounts of residual dystrophin. Immunofluorescence quantification of dystrophin can overcome many of these challenges, but manual quantification of protein expression may be complicated by variations in the collection of images, reproducible scoring of fluorescent intensity, and bias introduced by manual scoring of typically only a few high-power fields. This review highlights the pathology of DMD and BMD, discusses animal models of DMD and BMD, and describes dystrophin biomarker quantitation in DMD and BMD, with several image analysis approaches, including a new automated method that evaluates protein expression of individual muscle fibers.
Localizability estimation for mobile robots based on probabilistic grid map and its applications to localization

A novel approach to estimate localizability for mobile robots is presented based on probabilistic grid map (PGM). Firstly, a static localizability matrix is proposed for off-line estimation over the priori PGM. Then a dynamic localizability matrix is proposed to deal with unexpected dynamic changes. These matrices describe both localizability index and localizability direction quantitatively. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by experiments in different typical environments. Furthermore, two typical localization-related applications, including active global localization and pose tracking, are presented for illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed localizability estimation method.
Current Results of a Field Study of Adult Users of Tactile Aids

Current results of an evaluation of the speech reception of deaf adults who are making use of tactile aids for substantial periods of time in the field are described. Eight deaf adults were provided with a wear able multichannel tactile aid that they were asked to wear routinely in their everyday lives. These subjects, who did not receive any specific training in the use of the tactile aid, participated in periodic laboratory eval uations of their speech-reception perfor m a n ce with the aids and also provided responses to a communication-profile sur vey. The laboratory results reported here were concerned primarily with assessing speechreading ability with and without tac tile aids for several types of connected-speech materials and tasks. The relative gain (difference between aided and unaided speechreading scores normalized by the maximum possible improvement) observed for the reception of words in isolated sen tences averaged roughly 25%, with a range of 0-65% across subjects, and showed a ten dency to increase with the speechreading-alone score. Small improvements, averaging six words/minute and ranging from -2 to 10 w o r d s / m i n u te across subjects, were observed for connected-discourse tracking when tactile aids were used to supplement speechreading compared to speechreading alone. A comparison of performance for tactile aids, cochlear implants, and hearing aids is presented for aided speechreading of sentence materials.
A History of Medical Psychology

economy and efficiency of presentation of our nation's births and deaths. The arrangement is logical and convenient, permits easy finding and use of the tabulated facts and rates based upon them. The introductory pages are adequately explanatory and, dealiirg as they do with the two major topics of natality and mortality by place of occurrence and place of residence separately, the text is more direct and comprehensive than in some earlier volumes. The natality and mortality data for the United States tabulated by place of occurrence and by place of residence, with supplemental tables for Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, is a priceless addition to a shelf of equally precious predecessors. These two volumes are more convenient to handle, save more lost motion and waste of eyesight than any of their predecessors, while presenting practically all the essential data other than such as may properly be classed as hand-picked and of a research nature. The supervision of Dr. Halbert L. Dunn, the Chief Statistician for Vital Statistics, is of itself a guarantee of the scholarship of the brief, succinct text and the authenticity of the tabular matter. HAVEN EMERSON
Association of the Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele with Late-Onset Depression

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) phenotyping was determined in 42 subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 49 with depression, including 26 with early-onset depression (EOD) and 23 with late-onset depression (LOD), and 49 controls. In the EOD group, the frequency of the ApoE Ε4 allele was not different from the control frequency (p = 0.532) but was significantly lower than in AD (p < 0.001). In the LOD group, the ApoE Ε4 frequency was significantly higher than in the controls (p = 0.034) but was not different from that in the AD group (p = 0.229). Individuals with ApoE Ε4 were at greater risk of getting AD (odds ratio, OR = 5.5, 95% confidence interval, CI, 2.0–14.0) or LOD (OR = 6.1, 95% CI, 1.9–19.0) than of EOD (OR = 0.7, 95% CI, 0.2–2.5). These results suggest an association between the ApoE Ε4 allele frequency and LOD. Patients with LOD could be at risk of developing AD by an Ε4-dependent pathway.
Lamotrigine for pediatric patients with epilepsy

The antiepileptic drug lamotrigine has been assessed in various seizure types and epilepsy syndromes in children and is indicated in the USA and other countries for adjunctive treatment of epilepsy in patients as young as 2 years. This paper reviews data on the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of lamotrigine in pediatric patients. Data from clinical trials and experience in clinical practice demonstrate that lamotrigine is effective for a range of seizure types, including generalized seizures (including absence) and partial seizures. Observations primarily from open-label studies are consistent with the possibility that lamotrigine is effective in several pediatric epilepsy syndromes, including infantile spasms and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy as well as Rett’s syndrome, a neurogenetic disorder that is often associated with epilepsy. The safety and tolerability profiles of lamotrigine in pediatric patients are consistent with those in adults. The risk of rash with lamotrigine can be reduced by adherin.
Level-I Trauma Center Effects on Return-to-Work Outcomes

Background: Injury is the leading cause of death for persons aged 1-44 years in the United States. Injuries have a substantial economic cost. For that reason, regional systems of trauma care in which the more acutely injured patients are transported to Level-I (L-I) trauma centers (TCs) has been widely advocated. However, the cost of TC care is high, raising questions about the value of such an approach. Objectives: To study L-I TC effectiveness and study return-to-work (RTW) outcomes. Research Design: Using data from National Study on the Costs and Outcomes of Trauma, the authors address the issue of selection bias by comparing naive estimates to matching techniques, as well as to nonlinear instrumental variable models (2SRI) and bivariate probit estimators. Subjects: Individuals ages 18-64 who were mainly working before traumatic injury. Patients selected for the study were treated at 69 hospitals located in 12 states in the United States. N = 1790. Measures: Treatment is binary indicator on whether treated at L-I TC. Outcome is binary indicator on whether returned to work within 3 months after injury. Covariates include: demographics, pre-injury characteristics (job, health and insurance status), injury descriptors, other income sources, etc. Results: Across all models that control for unobserved factors, the authors find that L-I TC treatment is positively associated with RTW within 3 months after injury. The estimated average marginal effect of treatment on the probability of RTW ranges from 23 to 38 percentage points. Conclusions: Benefits of L-I TC care extend beyond mortality and morbidity.
Nurse Faculty Perceptions of Simulation Use in Nursing Education

In this study nursing faculty perceptions of the implementation of simulation in schools of nursing across Ontario, Canada, were explored using the Q-methodology technique. Following Q-methodology guidelines, 104 statements were collected from faculty and students with exposure to simulation to determine the concourse (what people say about the issue). The statements were classified into six domains, including teaching and learning, access/reach, communication, technical features, technology set-up and training, and comfort/ease of use with technology. They were then refined into 43 final statements for the Q-sample. Next, 28 faculty from 17 nursing schools participated in the Q-sorting process. A by-person factor analysis of the Q-sort was conducted to identify groups of participants with similar viewpoints. Results revealed four major viewpoints held by faculty including: (a) Positive Enthusiasts, (b) Traditionalists, (c) Help Seekers, and (d) Supporters. In conclusion, simulation was perceived to be an important element in nursing education. Overall, there was a belief that clinical simulation requires (a) additional support in terms of the time required to engage in teaching using this modality, (b) additional human resources to support its use, and (c) other types of support such as a repository of clinical simulations to reduce the time from development of a scenario to implementation. Few negative voices were heard. It was evident that with correct support (human resources) and training, many faculty members would embrace clinical simulation because it could support and enhance nursing education.