Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contributions of attachment theory and research: A framework for future research, translation, and policy

Abstract Attachment theory has been generating creative and impactful research for almost half a century. In this article we focus on the documented antecedents and consequences of individual differences in infant attachment patterns, suggesting topics for further theoretical clarification, research, clinical interventions, and policy applications. We pay particular attention to the concept of cognitive “working models” and to neural and physiological mechanisms through which early attachment experiences contribute to later functioning. We consider adult caregiving behavior that predicts infant attachment patterns, and the still-mysterious “transmission gap” between parental Adult Attachment Interview classifications and infant Strange Situation classifications. We also review connections between attachment and (a) child psychopathology; (b) neurobiology; (c) health and immune function; (d) empathy, compassion, and altruism; (e) school readiness; and (f) culture. We conclude with clinical–translational and public policy applications of attachment research that could reduce the occurrence and maintenance of insecure attachment during infancy and beyond. Our goal is to inspire researchers to continue advancing the field by finding new ways to tackle long-standing questions and by generating and testing novel hypotheses.
Visual processing of facial affect

To evaluate the role of the fusiform gyrus in identifying and processing facial emotional expression in humans, MEG data were collected while six healthy subjects judged whether photographs of faces displayed emotion (happiness or disgust) compared to neutral faces and equiluminant scrambled faces. For all six subjects, a magnetic source localizing to right fusiform gyrus was evident ∼150 ms following presentation of face stimuli, but not following non-face stimuli. MEG source strength for this component was greatest for happy, intermediate for disgust, and lowest for neutral facial expressions, suggesting that activity in fusiform gyrus is sensitive to both face-specific stimuli and to the affective content of the face. These findings are considered in the context of a specialized neural face-dependent information system.
Contribution of eye position to movement perception

Objective To investigate the influence of gaze eccentricity on movement perception during asymmetric vestibular stimulation. Material and Methods Subjects (n=10) were placed on a rotating platform and oscillated asymmetrically in the dark. Subjects were asked to reproduce with a pointer the location in space of a light spot that was turned off at the beginning of the oscillation. The target was presented in centric and eccentric (0°, 20° and 40°) positions. Results In the centric position a large shift from the real position of the target was observed in the opposite direction to that of the faster vestibular stimulation. The shift increased when the target was placed eccentrically toward the slower vestibular stimulation side and decreased when it was placed in the opposite direction. Conclusion The dependence of rotation perception on the target position suggests that the eye deviation, imposed by the eccentricity of the target, is able to influence the perception of body movement and may modulate the internal reference frame.
Improved particle swarm optimization through orthogonal experimental design

in the particle swarm optimization (PSO), each particle is enhanced based on its own best experience and one of the local or global best particle in local or global particle swarm optimization (LPSO or GPSO). In this paper, an orthogonal learning (OL) technique is proposed that mixes these experiences as a new combined algorithm that is named MOLPSO. MOLPSO is the result of mixed two algorithms OLPSO-L and OLPSO-G through orthogonal experimental design (OED). This technique can construct a more effective leadership vector to lead particles toward the best area by selecting better dimensions of these experiences. This technique is tested on a set of some benchmark functions that the results of tests confirm that the strategy significantly enhances the performance of PSO.
A Novel Type of Immunity Protein, NukH, for the Lantibiotic Nukacin ISK-1 Produced by Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1

Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1 produces a lantibiotic, nukacin ISK-1. The nukacin ISK-1 gene cluster consists of at least six genes, nukA, -M, -T, -F, -E, and -G, and two open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF7 (designated nukH). Sequence comparisons suggested that NukF, -E, -G, and -H contribute to immunity to nukacin ISK-1. We investigated the immunity levels of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing nukFEG and nukH against nukacin ISK-1. The co-expression of nukFEG and nukH resulted in a high degree of immunity. The expression of either nukFEG or nukH conferred partial immunity against nukacin ISK-1. These results suggest that NukH contributes cooperatively to self-protection with NukFEG. The nukacin ISK-1 immunity system might function against another lantibiotic, lacticin 481. Western blot analysis showed that NukH expressed in Staphylococcus carnosus was localized in the membrane. Peptide release/bind assays indicated that the recombinant L. lactis expressing nukH interacted with nukacin ISK-1 and lacticin 481 but not with nisin A. These findings suggest that NukH contributes cooperatively to host immunity as a novel type of lantibiotic-binding immunity protein with NukFEG.
A NOVEL, SUSTAINABLE MODEL OF ASSESSMENT OF PROGRAM OUTCOMES FOR A CSE PROGRAM

Assessment of program outcomes and the use of the results of those assessments to effect program improvements as well as documentation of the as-sessment processes and the resulting program im-provements are key requirements of Engineering Accreditation Criteria. Over the last several years, programs have struggled to come up with direct assessment mechanisms that are not resource-intensive (in terms of faculty effort and time) and provide useful results that lead to specific, documen-table program improvements. In this paper, we re-port on a novel approach that is both powerful in terms of its ability to identify specific program im-provements and, at the same time, requires minimal resources to administer and hence is sustainable on a long term basis.
Enhanced staging and all chemotherapy preoperatively in patients with potentially resectable gastric carcinoma.

PURPOSE Patients with local-regional gastric carcinoma have a low rate of curative resection (R0) because of the advanced stage at diagnosis and suboptimal clinical staging. This study was designed to improve clinical staging with the use of laparoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and to improve R0 resection rates and tolerance by delivering all chemotherapy preoperatively in patients with potentially resectable gastric carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients with histologic proof of localized adenocarcinoma of the stomach underwent a staging laparoscopy before registration. EUS was performed when feasible. The intention was to administer up to five courses of preoperative chemotherapy consisting of fluorouracil (500 mg/m(2)/d as a continuous infusion on days 1 through 5 and as a bolus on days 12 and 19), interferon alfa-2b (3 million units subcutaneously three times a week for 3 weeks), and cisplatin (15 mg/m(2)/d as a bolus on days 1 through 5). After chemotherapy, surgery was attempted to remove the primary and regional lymph nodes. Clinical response and EUS staging were correlated with surgical pathology. The feasibility of this approach, resection rates, patient survival, and patterns of failure also were assessed. RESULTS All 30 patients enrolled were assessed for toxicity, response, and survival. Nineteen men and 11 women were enrolled. The median number of courses delivered per patient was three (range, one to five courses). Fourteen patients (47%) received all five preoperative courses of chemotherapy. The overall clinical response rate was 34%. Twenty-nine patients (97%) underwent attempted resection. Twenty-five (83%) had an R0 resection. Two patients (7%) had no evidence of carcinoma in the surgical specimen, and three had only microscopic carcinoma (>/= 90% necrosis). Posttreatment EUS findings did not correlate well with surgical pathology. The median duration of follow-up was 30 months (range, 5 months to 65+ months). The median survival time for 30 patients, calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was 30 months (range, 5 months to 65+ months). There were no cases of grade 4 toxicity. CONCLUSION It is feasible to administer prolonged preoperative therapy in patients with potentially resectable gastric carcinoma. Enhanced staging with laparoscopy and EUS helped in proper selection of patients and better characterization of the stage.
Attending to Attention: Detecting and Combating Mind Wandering during Computerized Reading

Mind wandering (MW) is a ubiquitous phenomenon that has a negative influence on performance and productivity in many contexts. We propose that intelligent interfaces should have some mechanism to detect and respond to MW in real-time. Towards this end, we developed an interface that automatically detects MW from eye-gaze during computerized reading. When MW is detected, the interface intervenes by asking just-in-time questions and encouraging re-reading as needed. After multiple rounds of iterative refinement, we summatively compared the interface to a yoked control condition in a randomized control trial with 104 participants. Preliminary results suggest that the system was successful in correcting comprehension deficits attributed to MW, thereby highlighting the potential for intelligent interfaces that improve performance by "attending to attention. "
Oral gemifloxacin once daily for 5 days compared with sequential therapy with i.v. ceftriaxone/oral cefuroxime (maximum of 10 days) in the treatment of hospitalized patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

In a randomized, open-label, controlled, multicentre study, the clinical and bacteriological efficacy, safety and tolerability of oral gemifloxacin (320 mg once daily, 5 days) was compared with sequential intravenous (i.v.) ceftriaxone (1 g once daily, maximum 3 days) followed by oral cefuroxime axetil (500 mg twice daily, maximum 7 days) in adult hospitalized patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) (n = 274). The clinical success rates at follow-up (21-28 days post-therapy) in the clinical per-protocol population (the primary endpoint) were 86.8% (105/121) for gemifloxacin vs. 81.3% (91/112) for ceftriaxone/cefuroxime (treatment difference = 5.5,95% CI -3.9,14.9). The corresponding clinical results in the clinical intention-to-treat (ITT) population were 82.6% (114/138) vs. 72.1% (98/136), respectively (treatment difference = 10.5,95% CI 0.7, 20.4). Thus, gemifloxacin had significantly higher clinical success rates than ceftriaxone/cefuroxime. The median time to discharge was 9 days in the gemifloxacin group vs. 11 days in the ceftriaxone/cefuroxime group (P = 0.04, Wilcoxon test). At follow-up, 120/138 (87.0%) gemifloxacin-treated patients had been discharged from hospital, compared with 111/136 (81.6%) ceftriaxone/cefuroxime-treated patients in the clinical ITT population. Both treatments were generally well tolerated and there was no significant difference between the treatment groups in the incidence or type of adverse events reported. A 5-day course of oral gemifloxacin was shown by this study to be at least equivalent to sequential i.v. ceftriaxone/cefuroxime axetil (for up to 10 days) in patients with AECB who require hospital treatment.
One-Round Authenticated Key Exchange without Implementation Tricks

Fujioka et al. proposed the first generic construction (FSXY construction) of exposure-resilient authenticated key exchange (AKE) from key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) without random oracles. However, the FSXY construction implicitly assumes some intermediate computation result is never exposed though other secret information can be exposed. This is a kind of physical assumption, and an implementation trick (i.e., some on-line computation is executed in a special tamper-proof module) is necessary to achieve the assumption. Unfortunately, such an implementation trick is very costly and should be avoided. In this paper, we introduce a new generic construction without the implementation trick. Our construction satisfies the same security model as the FSXY construction without increasing communication complexity. Moreover, it has another advantage that the protocol can be executed in one-round while the FSXY construction is a sequential two-move protocol. Our key idea is to use KEM with public-key-independent-ciphertext, which allows parties to be able to generate a ciphertext without depending on encryption keys.
Dysregulation of cotranscriptional alternative splicing underlies CHARGE syndrome

Significance A timely diagnosis is key for both survival and quality of life of children with CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart defects, atresia of choanae, retardation of growth/development, genital abnormalities, and ear anomalies). Such diagnosis is often difficult to establish, in part because many patients test negative for mutation of CHD7, the only gene associated with this condition to date. Identifying additional CHARGE-associated genes would not only help resolve diagnosis issues but could also help in identifying common pathogenic mechanisms, which in turn could lead to desirable curative interventions for all patients. Here, FAM172A is reported as a new candidate gene for CHARGE syndrome. This discovery has allowed us to reveal a molecular process that is dysregulated in both CHD7 mutation-positive and -negative cases, such defect being correctable in vitro with rapamycin. CHARGE syndrome—which stands for coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of choanae, retardation of growth/development, genital abnormalities, and ear anomalies—is a severe developmental disorder with wide phenotypic variability, caused mainly by mutations in CHD7 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7), known to encode a chromatin remodeler. The genetic lesions responsible for CHD7 mutation-negative cases are unknown, at least in part because the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CHARGE syndrome remain poorly defined. Here, we report the characterization of a mouse model for CHD7 mutation-negative cases of CHARGE syndrome generated by insertional mutagenesis of Fam172a (family with sequence similarity 172, member A). We show that Fam172a plays a key role in the regulation of cotranscriptional alternative splicing, notably by interacting with Ago2 (Argonaute-2) and Chd7. Validation studies in a human cohort allow us to propose that dysregulation of cotranscriptional alternative splicing is a unifying pathogenic mechanism for both CHD7 mutation-positive and CHD7 mutation-negative cases. We also present evidence that such splicing defects can be corrected in vitro by acute rapamycin treatment.
Schedule-dependent Inhibition of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α Protein Accumulation, Angiogenesis, and Tumor Growth by Topotecan in U251-HRE Glioblastoma Xenografts

We have previously shown that topotecan, a topoisomerase I poison, inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α protein accumulation by a DNA damage-independent mechanism. Here, we report that daily administration of topotecan inhibits HIF-1α protein expression in U251-HRE glioblastoma xenografts. Concomitant with HIF-1α inhibition, topotecan caused a significant tumor growth inhibition associated with a marked decrease of angiogenesis and expression of HIF-1 target genes in tumor tissue. These results provide a compelling rationale for testing topotecan in clinical trials to target HIF-1 in cancer patients.
Worry about crime in Europe: A model-based small area estimation from the European Social Survey

Worry about crime is known to be higher in some European regions than others. However, cross-national surveys, which are the main source of information to map worry about crime across Europe, are designed to be representative of large areas (countries), and regions often suffer from small and unrepresentative sample sizes. This research produces reliable model-based small area estimates of worry about crime at regional level from European Social Survey data, in order to map the phenomenon and examine its macro-level predictors. Model-based small area estimation techniques borrow strength across areas to produce reliable estimates of parameters of interest. Estimates of worry about crime are higher in most South and East European regions, in contrast to Northern and Central Europe.
Hepatic and splanchnic nitric oxide activity in patients with cirrhosis

BACKGROUND In animal models of cirrhosis, altered activity of nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of increased intrahepatic portal vascular resistance and abnormal mesenteric vasodilatation. AIMS To investigate NO activity in the liver and splanchnic vascular bed of patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Activity of the calcium dependent constitutive and calcium independent inducible isoforms of NO synthase (cNOS and iNOS, respectively) was assayed biochemically in biopsy specimens of liver and a vascular portion of the greater omentum (representative of mesenteric vasculature) obtained from patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation (n=14) and non-cirrhotic control patients undergoing liver resection for metastases (n=9). The concentration of NO metabolites (NO2 + NO3) in portal and peripheral venous plasma was measured. RESULTS The activity of cNOS was lower in cirrhotic compared with non-cirrhotic subjects for both liver and omentum. Hepatic and omental iNOS activities did not differ significantly between the two groups. Portal (NO2 + NO3) was threefold higher in cirrhotic than non-cirrhotic patients, but no differences were observed in systemic venous samples from the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The activity of cNOS is diminished in the cirrhotic human liver. The resultant decrease in constitutive NO release may promote an increase in the intrahepatic portal vascular resistance. Elevated portal venous (NO2 + NO3) indicates enhanced splanchnic vascular release of NO in cirrhotic patients, but the absence of increased NOS activity in the mesenteric vasculature suggests differential regulation of NO synthesis within the splanchnic vascular bed.
Joint Effects of Family History and Adult Life Dietary Risk Factors on Colorectal Cancer Risk

Background. We analyzed the joint effects of family history of colorectal cancer and adult life dietary risk factors on colorectal cancer risk. Methods. We used data from a case-control study conducted in northern Italy between 1985 and 1992, including 1584 cases with colorectal cancer and 2879 controls. We created an adult life dietary risk factor score. Results. Among subjects with family history of colorectal cancer, those in the lowest risk score tertile were not at elevated risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio = 1.2; 95% confidence interval = 0.7–2.1), whereas those in the highest score tertile were at increased risk (odds ratio = 5.5; 95% confidence interval = 3.5–8.7). Conclusions. These findings indicate that the expression of familial susceptibility can be substantially modified by adult life risk factors.
Putting the IMPACT Study into Perspective: Should CMV Prophylaxis Be Extended to 6 Months for High Risk Transplants?

Late onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, which has been recognized to occur following 3 months of CMV prophylaxis, especially among the high risk subset of CMV seronegative recipients (R–) of CMV seropositive donor (D+) organs, has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality (1). The occurrence of late onset CMV disease has raised questions about the optimal duration of prophylaxis, especially in this high-risk group. The IMPACT study, published last year in the American Journal of Transplantation, was designed to answer the question if prolonging prophylaxis from 3 to 6 months would improve outcomes and reduce CMV disease (2). The data demonstrate a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in CMV disease from 36.8% to 16.1% up to 1 year posttransplant. The beneficial effects last for at least another 6 months following discontinuation of prophylaxis (2). The theory behind prolonged prophylaxis is that the transplant recipient may then be in a position in which immunosuppression can be reduced, thus allowing the recipient’s immune system to respond to infection when CMV reactivates.
A Preliminary Retrospective Treatment and Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Asthma Care Provided by Allergists, Immunologists, and Primary Care Physicians in a Teaching Hospital

Allergy immunology specialists (AIs) differ from primary care physicians (PCP) in their treatment of asthma. A limited retrospective chart review of several visits over a 1-year period in 1997 evaluating the quality of asthma care by AIs vs. PCPs was conducted in an academic center. Data concerning quality, effectiveness and cost of asthma care was randomly collected from 15 AIs and 15 PCPs from charts at 3-month intervals over a 1-year period. Information obtained from data collection forms revealed that asthma patients evaluated by AIs had more visits and received a greater quantity of medication compared to those treated by PCPs. All 15 patients with persistent asthma followed by AIs were treated with inhaled corticosteroids at each visit in contrast to only 80% of those treated by PCPs. The total numbers of controller medications (i.e., inhaled corticosteroids, salmeterol, cromolyn, and theophylline) that were utilized, as recommended, by the National Asthma Expert Panel (NAEP) of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines were 70 by AIs vs. 24 by PCPs over three visits. Cromolyn was prescribed five times over three visits by AIs and not at all by PCPs. Recognition and treatment of coexisting allergic rhinitis was evident in only 13% of patients treated by PCPs as compared to 80% in those treated by AIS. (p<0.0001). However, all patients treated by AIs were skin tested to explore the presence of allergic triggers, while no patients treated by PCPs were evaluated for IgE-mediated reactions. Treatment cost for allergic rhinitis was therefore higher, at $2039, for AIs as compared to $741 for PCPs. There were no peak flow values in charts obtained from PCPs. However, all charts from AIs had peak flow values, which improved during the course of therapy in 33% of patients. Total medication costs for asthma were higher for AIs @ $5,646.30 vs. $1,932.25 for PCPs. Total medication costs for allergic rhinitis plus asthma were higher for AIs @ $7615 vs. $2681 for PCPs. However, patients treated by AIs had more severe asthma and required more frequent visits. Ipratropium bromide was prescribed a total of four times over several visits by PCPs vs. only once by AIs. In comparing asthma care between AI specialists and PCPs, it was found that AI specialists treat more severe asthmatics, provide more frequent follow-up visits, utilize peak flow rates, prescribe more controller medications, and more often recognize and treat comorbid conditions such as allergic rhinitis that impact on asthma care. Thus, although treatment costs for AIs are higher, these costs are justified by a quality of care that is more consistent with national (NHLBI) guidelines.