Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exergy analysis of conventional and electrified oil and gas platforms

This paper compares the efficiencies of oil and gas producing offshore platforms, at different points in the production lifetime and for different heat and power supply options by means of energy and exergy analysis. Offshore platform electrification is a tool being employed by the Norwegian government in order to meet its emission reduction promises. The electrification of offshore platforms however, may not always lead to a higher overall system efficiency or the reduction of CO2 emissions when onshore power production and transmission are taken into account. Aspen HYSYS platform simulations have been made, where heat and power duties are supplied by either gas turbines, partial electrification or full electrification. Stream property data has then been exported to spreadsheets where data for the electrification option power sources (Norwegian hydro power and German combine cycle gas power) have been calculated. Finally, energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as CO2 emissions, were calculated for each case. For the gas platform, electrification reduced CO2 emissions and increased the lifetime energy and exergy efficiencies when compared to the gas turbine case. This result was independent of where the power originated. For the oil platform, all of the electrification options except for one, gave emission decreases and efficiency increases. The oil platform with full electrification from a German CCGT plant led to an overall system efficiency decrease and increased CO2 emissions. In general, electrification of the gas platform led to greater efficiency gains and emission reduction than electrification of the oil platform. This paper provides a slightly different perspective on the issue of offshore platform electrification. It illustrates how exergy analysis can be used to compare whole systems, and highlights some of the issues associated with the methods used. This type of analysis could be employed by governments and oil companies as part of an electrification evaluation process.
Soil properties and pre-Columbian settlement patterns in the Monumental Mounds Region of the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivian Amazon

Abstract. In the present paper we explore to what degree soil properties might have influenced pre-Columbian settlement patterns in the Monumental Mounds Region (MMR) of the Llanos de Moxos (LM), Bolivian Amazon. Monumental mounds are pre-Hispanic earth buildings and were preferentially built on mid- to late Holocene palaeolevees of the Grande River (here denominated PR1), while levees of older palaeorivers (PR0) were only sparsely occupied. We dug two transects across PR0 and PR1 levee–backswamp catenas and analysed them for grain size, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and Corg. Our data show that PR1 soils, where the density of mounds is higher, have far greater agricultural potential than PR0 soils, which are affected by aluminium toxicity in the backswamps and by high levels of exchangeable sodium in the levees. This study provides new data on the soil properties of the south-eastern Bolivian Amazon and reinforces the hypothesis that environmental constraints and opportunities exerted an important role on pre-Columbian occupation patterns and the population density reached in the Bolivian Amazon.
More and better jobs for Pakistan: Can the manufacturing sector play a greater role

The central issue that this paper analysis is the role the manufacturing sector can play in reviving and sustaining economic growth in Pakistan while generating more and better job opportunities as it has done in the fast-growing East and Southeast Asian economies.It identifies needed policy measures to revive growth in manufacturing as well as generating decent jobs: these cover macro, sectoral and trade policies and labour market reforms the critical role of well functioning labour market institutions that foster commitment to social justice.
Bugula tsunamiensis n. sp. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Bugulidae) from Japanese tsunami marine debris landed in the Hawaiian Archipelago and the Pacific Coast of the USA

A new species of the cheilostome bryozoan genus Bugula Oken, 1815, Bugula tsunamiensis, is described from Japan, having rafted across the North Pacific Ocean on numerous objects released into the ocean by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, and landing in the Hawaiian Islands and on the Pacific Coast of the United States. This is the second species of the Bugula uniserialis Hincks, 1884 group to be reported from Japan. We elevate the Japanese species Bugula scaphoides constricta Yanagi and Okada, 1918 to full species status, B. constricta, based upon distinctions from the stem species. We suggest that Bugula uniserialis reported from the Galapagos Islands is an undescribed species.
Bank Capital, Liquidity Creation and Deposit Insurance

This paper examines how the introduction of deposit insurance influences the relationship between bank capital and liquidity creation. As discussed by Berger and Bouwman (Rev Financ Stud 22:3779–3837, 2009), there are two competing hypotheses on this relationship which can be influenced by the presence of deposit insurance. The introduction of a deposit insurance scheme in an emerging market, Russia, provides a natural experiment to empirically investigate this issue. We use the difference-in-difference approach on a large dataset of all Russian banks. Our findings suggest that the introduction of the deposit insurance scheme has different effects on the relationship between capital and bank liquidity creation across different types of banks. It is those banks characterized by relatively high household deposit ratios that are most affected by the introduction of deposit insurance program. For these banks, deposit insurance reduces the impact of capital on liquidity creation. These findings have important policy implications as they suggest that deposit insurance and capital requirements should not be considered separately by bank regulators.
Deficit irrigation strategies for production of tomato in greenhouse conditions.

The effects of partial root drying (PRD) and deficit irrigation (RDI) on tomato (cultivar 'Amati') yield and fruit quality were researched and compared to full irrigation (FI). Under PRD and RDI tomato plants received 60% of the water that was applied to FI. At harvest, the effects of RDI, PRD and FI on total yield, fruit quality (total soluble solids, titrable acidity and antioxidant activity) and water use efficiency (WUE) were assessed. These results showed that with both deficit irrigation techniques is possible to increase WUE without reduction of tomato yield. Comparison between deficit irrigation techniques showed an increase in antioxidative activity in tomato fruits under PRD and indicated that PRD method could be more beneficial irrigation method than RDI.
Comparison of enrichment factors for heavy metals in urban street dust and air aerosols

The article deals with the possibility of comparison of enrichment factors in air aerosols (PM10) and in the street dust, which is influenced by air pollution. For Pb and Sb, the same value of enrichment factor for both matrices was determined. The highest enrichment index (> 100) in air aerosols was found for Cd, Sb, and As, and also for Pb, and Zn (approximately 100). Enrichment factor shows significant differences in the summer and winter period, for Cd, Sb, As, Pb, and Zn it is > 2x higher in winter. Enrichment factor in street dust was also evaluated using geochemical background of soils from Olomouc. It was found that the highest value of enrichment factor is achieved by Cu, which comes from transport (probably bus operation).
Analyzing the effect of customer loyalty on virtual marketing adoption based on theory of technology acceptance model

Article history: Received January 5, 2016 Received in revised format April 15, 2016 Accepted July 1, 2016 Available online July 7, 2016 One of the most advantages of the internet and its expansion is probably due to its easy and low cost access to unlimited information and easy and fast information exchange. The accession of communication technology for marketing area and emergence of the Internet leads to creation and development of new marketing models such as viral marketing. In fact, unlike other marketing methods, the most powerful tool for selling products and ideas are not done by a marketer to a customer but from a customer to another one. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between customers' loyalty and the acceptance of viral marketing based on the theory of technology acceptance model (TAM) model among the civil engineers and architects who are the members of Engineering Council in Isfahan (ECI). The research method is descriptive–survey and it is applicable in target. The statistical population includes civil engineers and architects who are the members of Engineering Council in Isfahan including 14400 members. The sample size was determined 762 members based on Cochran sampling formula, the sample was selected as accessible. The data was collected by field method. Analyzing the data and recent research hypothesis, the data was extracted from the questionnaires. Then, all the data was analyzed by computer and SPSS and LISREL software. According to the results of the data, the loyalty of the civil engineers and architects members of ECI was associated with the acceptance and practical involvement of viral marketing. © 2016 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The aqueous extract of Curcuma wenyujin rescues learning and memory deficits through PI3k/Akt/GSK-3β pathway in Aβ-induced AD mice

Clinical studies have demonstrated that a prescription with the Curcuma wenyujin as the main component is favourable for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment. Our previous study had shown that the aqueous extract of Curcuma wenyujin has neuroprotective effects in the AD mouse model. However, the exact mechanism through which the aqueous extract of Curcuma wenyujin improves Amyloidal beta (Aβ)-induced memory impairment by inhibiting the production of hyperphosphorylated tau protein is unknown. We used Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of amyloid25-35 (Aβ25-35) mice model to test the effects of Curcuma wenyujin on Aβ-induced tau protein expression. Levels of tau protein on the serine (ser) 404 sites and threonine (thr) 231 sites were determined with immunohistochemistry assay, and western blot was used to detect the expressions of tau protein on ser404, thr231, and thr181 sites, as well as the changes in the phosphorylation level in the PI3K/Akt/GSk-3β signaling pathways. The results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of Curcuma wenyujin significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of tau protein in the hippocampus (Thr-181, Thr-231, and Ser-404), and elevated phosphorylation level of PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β. These results suggest that aqueous extract of Curcuma wenyujin improves learning and memory function, and reduce the phosphorylation of the tau protein, and the possible mechanism is mediated through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
What are the barriers to adopting carbon farming practices

In many environmental and conservation policy contexts, gaps are observed between policy objectives and implementation outcomes. Carbon farming policies are designed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, but policy success depends on the participation of land managers and their adoption of alternative land management practices. We surveyed Western Australian farmers to gauge their knowledge of carbon farming, their current adoption of carbon farming practices, and identified the drivers and barriers to adoption. Drivers for adoption included knowledge and perception of co-benefits (for yield, productivity, and the environment); beliefs and attitudes about climate change and its causes. Key barriers to the adopting carbon farming practices included policy and political uncertainty, and on-farm characteristics. We conclude that, to increase participation, the productivity benefits of carbon farming practices must be actively promoted and practices must be easy to integrate into existing farming systems.
Variance risk premiums and predictive power of alternative forward variances in the corn market

We propose a fear index for corn using the variance swap rate synthesized from out-of-the-money call and put options as a measure of implied variance. We find negative and time-varying variance risk premiums (realized variance minus implied variance) in the corn market from 1987 to 2009. Our results contrast with Egelkraut, T. M. , Garcia, P., & Sherrick, B. J. (2007), but are in line with the findings of Simon (2002). We conclude that our synthesized model-free implied variance estimation procedure contains superior information about future realized variance relative to traditional model-dependent estimating procedures: the implied variance model by Black (1976) and the seasonal GARCH(1, 1) forecasted variance model.
Inequality in Emerging Countries

We review the theoretical and empirical economic literature upon income inequality in emerging countries. We firstly describe the main observed developments and show that these are rather diverse across countries and developing regions. We subsequently expose the main theoretical mechanisms. We make a distinction between the traditional approaches (Kuznets, Lewis, Stolper-Samuelson) and the new explanations. In the latter, globalization and globalization-driven technological changes are at the core of the analyses. Both approaches bring out several opposite mechanisms. Finally, the empirical estimates display rather conflicting results. Most cross-country studies find a weak impact of globalization on income inequality. In contrast, several longitudinal studies concerning countries taken separately or small groups of countries reveal a positive correlation between openness and the relative demand for skill and inequality. These apparently conflicting findings reflect the opposite mechanisms linked to globalisation and the differences in countries’ experiences.
Development and flight performance of a biologically-inspired tailless flapping-wing micro air vehicle with wing stroke plane modulation

The tailless flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FW-MAV) is one of the most challenging problems in flapping-wing design due to its lack of tail for inherent flight stability. It must be designed in such a way that it can produce proper augmented control moments modulated by a closed-loop attitude controller for active stabilization. We propose a tailless FW-MAV with a wing stroke plane modulation mechanism, namely NUS-Roboticbird, which maneuvers by only using its flapping wings for both propulsion and attitude control. The flying vehicle has four wings comprised by two pairs, and each pair of wings and its stroke plane are driven by a motor and a servo, respectively. Attitude control moments of roll, pitch and yaw are generated by vectoring a pair of thrusts, which result from changing the flapping frequency (or motor speed) and wing stroke plane of the two pairs of wings. Free-flight tests show that the vehicle can climb and descend vertically (throttle control), fly sideways left and right (roll control), fly forwards and backwards (pitch control), rotate clockwise and counter-clockwise (yaw control), hover in mid-air (active self-stabilization), and maneuver in the figure-of-8 and fast forward/backward flight. These abilities are especially important for surveillance and autonomous flight in terms of obstacle avoidance in an indoor environment. Flight test data show that an effective mechanical control mechanism and control gains for attitude-controlled flights for roll, pitch and yaw are achieved, in particular, yaw control. Currently, the vehicle weighing 31 g and having a wingspan of 22 cm can perform fast forward flight at a speed of about 5 m s−1 (18 km h−1) and endure 3.5 min in flight with a useful payload of a 4.5 g onboard camera for surveillance.
CALIFA reveals prolate rotation in massive early-type galaxies: A polar galaxy merger origin?

We present new evidence for eight early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the CALIFA Survey that show clear rotation around their major photometric axis (“prolate rotation”). These are LSBCF560-04, NGC 0647, NGC 0810, NGC 2484, NGC 4874, NGC 5216, NGC 6173, and NGC 6338. Including NGC 5485, a known case of an ETG with stellar prolate rotation, as well as UGC 10695, a further candidate for prolate rotation, we report ten CALIFA galaxies in total that show evidence for such a feature in their stellar kinematics. Prolate rotators correspond to ~9% of the volume-corrected sample of CALIFA ETGs, a fraction much higher than previously reported. We find that prolate rotation is more common (~27%) among the most massive ETGs ( M ∗ ≳ 2 × 10 11 M ⊙ ). We investigated the implications of these findings by studying N -body merger simulations, and we show that a prolate ETG with rotation around its major axis could be the result of a major polar merger, with the amplitude of prolate rotation depending on the initial bulge-to-total stellar mass ratio of its progenitor galaxies. Additionally, we find that prolate ETGs resulting from this formation scenario show a correlation between their stellar line-of-sight velocity and higher order moment h 3 , opposite to typical oblate ETGs, as well as a double peak of their stellar velocity dispersion along their minor axis. Finally, we investigated the origin of prolate rotation in polar galaxy merger remnants. Our findings suggest that prolate rotation in massive ETGs might be more common than previously expected, and can help toward a better understanding of their dynamical structure and formation origin.
Glacier Impacts on Summer Streamflow in the Wind River Range, Wyoming

AbstractThe Wind River Range (WRR) of Wyoming is host to approximately 63 glaciers. Extensive research has been conducted using remote imagery to estimate the recent area and volume changes of these glaciers with the goal of estimating the potential effects of these changes on watershed streamflow. Results show that the glaciers were mostly in recession since 1966, the beginning of the study period. The current research was performed to supplement results from the remote imagery analyses. In this paper, streamflows from glaciated and nonglaciated watersheds in the WRR for the period 1967–1992 were analyzed. The difference in July-August-September (JAS) watershed flow magnitude for the 26-year period between glaciated (Green River and Bull Lake Creek) and nonglaciated (East Fork River and Wind River) watersheds ranged between 8 and 23%. As expected, the effects of glaciers on local streamflows during JAS were shown to be much greater than that of ice melt alone. The influence of glaciers accounted for 23–5.
Herschel survey of brown dwarf disks in ρ Ophiuchi

Context. Young brown dwarfs are known to possess circumstellar disks, a characteristic that is fundamental to the understanding of their formation process, and raises the possibility that these objects harbour planets.Aims. We want to characterise the far-IR emission of disks around the young brown dwarf population of the ρ Ophiuchi cluster in LDN 1688.Methods. Recent observations of the ρ Ophiuchi cluster with the Herschel Space Observatory allow us to probe the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the brown dwarf population in the far-IR, where the disk emission peaks. We performed aperture photometry at 70, 100, and 160 μm, and constructed SEDs for all previously known brown dwarfs detected. These were complemented with ancillary photometry at shorter wavelengths. We compared the observed SEDs to a grid of synthetic disks produced with the radiative transfer code MCFOST, and used the relative figure of merit estimated from the Bayesian inference of each disk parameter to analyse the structural properties.Results. We detected 12 Class II brown dwarfs with Herschel, which corresponds to one-third of all currently known brown dwarf members of ρ Ophiuchi. We did not detect any of the known Class III brown dwarfs. Comparison to models reveals that the disks are best described by an inner radius between 0.01 and 0.07 AU, and a flared disk geometry with a flaring index between 1.05 and 1.2. Furthermore, we can exclude values of the disk scale-height lower than 10 AU (measured at a fiducial radius of 100 AU). We combined the Herschel data with recent ALMA observations of the brown dwarf GY92 204 (ISO−Oph 102), and by comparing its SED to the same grid of disk models, we derived an inner disk radius of 0.035 AU, a scale height of 15 AU with a flaring index of β ~ 1.15, an exponent for dust settling of −1.5, and a disk mass of 0.001 M⊙. This corresponds to a disk-to-central object mass ratio of ~1%. Conclusions. The structural parameters constrained by the extended SED coverage (inner radius and flaring index) show a narrow distribution for the young brown dwarfs detected in ρ Ophiuchi, suggesting that these objects share the same disk evolution and, perhaps, formation.
Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy: A Two-Case Report

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a leukocytoclastic small vessel vasculitis of young children that is limited to the skin, generally has a benign course without systemic involvement, and does not require treatment. It is characterized by fever, edema of the lower extremities, and wide purpuric rash of the skin. It typically affects infants aged 6–24 months with a history of recent respiratory system illness. An 11-month-old and a 57-month-old cases with acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy who concurrently have a lower respiratory system infection are presented in this case report.
Predicting Online and Offline Civic Participation among Young Czech Roma: The Roles of Resources, Community Perceptions and Social Norms

Roma in the Czech Republic represent a large ethnic minority that faces intolerance and social exclusion. This study aims to describe factors that boost civic participation among Roma adolescents and emerging adults. Specifically, it asks whether different factors apply to Roma and members of the majority, and whether different factors boost offline and online participation. Survey data were analysed from Roma (n = 157) and majority (n = 573) participants between the ages of 15 and 28. Hierarchical regression models suggested that certain factors (a sense of collective influence and peer participatory norm) predict all forms of civic participation, regardless of ethnicity. For Roma youth, in contrast with the majority, offline participation was associated with a perceived lack of opportunities and unmet needs in their communities, which suggests that their offline civic participation might be a reaction to perceived communal problems. Finally, a lack of education was identified as a major explanation for lower rates of online participation among Roma.
Regimes of nonlinear depletion and regularity in the 3D Navier–Stokes equations

The periodic 3D Navier–Stokes equations are analyzed in terms of dimensionless, scaled, L2m-norms of vorticity Dm (1 ⩽ m < ∞). The first in this hierarchy, D1, is the global enstrophy. Three regimes naturally occur in the D1 − Dm plane. Solutions in the first regime, which lie between two concave curves, are shown to be regular, owing to strong nonlinear depletion. Moreover, numerical experiments have suggested, so far, that all dynamics lie in this heavily depleted regime []; new numerical evidence for this is presented. Estimates for the dimension of a global attractor and a corresponding inertial range are given for this regime. However, two more regimes can theoretically exist. In the second, which lies between the upper concave curve and a line, the depletion is insufficient to regularize solutions, so no more than Leray's weak solutions exist. In the third, which lies above this line, solutions are regular, but correspond to extreme initial conditions. The paper ends with a discussion on the possibility of transition between these regimes.