Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Silica cycling in the ultra-oligotrophic eastern Mediterranean Sea

Although silica is a key plant nutrient, there have been few studies aimed at understanding the Si cycle in the eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS). Here we use a combina- tion of new measurements and literature values to explain the silicic acid distribution across the basin and to calculate a silica budget to identify the key controlling processes. The surface water concentration of 1 µM, which is unchang- ing seasonally across the basin, was due to the inflow of western Mediterranean Sea (WMS) water at the Straits of Sicily. It does not change seasonally because there is only a sparse population of diatoms due to the low nutrient (N and P) supply to the photic zone in the EMS. The con- centration of silicic acid in the deep water of the western Ionian Sea (6.3 µM) close to the S Adriatic are an of for- mation was due to the preformed silicic acid (3 µM) plus biogenic silica (BSi) from the dissolution of diatoms from the winter phytoplankton bloom (3.2 µM). The increase of 4.4 µM across the deep water of the EMS was due to sili- cic acid formed from in situ diagenetic weathering of alu- minosilicate minerals fluxing out of the sediment. The ma- jor inputs to the EMS are silicic acid and BSi inflowing from the western Mediterranean (121◊ 10 9 mol Si yr 1 sili- cic acid and 16◊ 10 9 mol Si yr 1 BSi), silicic acid flux- ing from the sediment (54◊ 10 9 mol Si yr 1 ) and river- ine (27◊ 10 9 mol Si yr 1 ) and subterranean groundwater (9.7◊ 10 9 mol Si yr 1 ) inputs, with only a minor direct input from dissolution of dust in the water column (1◊ 10 9 mol Si yr 1 ). This budget shows the importance of
EVALUATION OF CAREER KNOWLEDGE OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS IN

Career knowledge is a necessity at the senior secondary school level if misplacement of talents, poor academic performance, unemployment and workers’ frustration will be nipped in the bud in Nigeria. Studies have shown that poor career knowledge, poor academic performance and high school drop out are rampant in secondary schools. This paper therefore evaluated the career knowledge as an objective of the Guidance and counselling programme in secondary schools. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 1,320 students and 43 guidance counsellors from public and private secondary schools in five local government areas of Oyo State. Three validated instruments were used to collect data from the participants. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and t-test. It was found that 77% of the Guidance counsellors knew that career knowledge was one of the objectives of Guidance and counselling programme. It revealed that there was significant difference in the career knowledge of schools with Guidance Counsellors and schools without (P<0.0f). Approximately 71 % of students in private schools had moderate career knowledge, and 9.9 had high career knowledge, while 56.3 had moderate and 27.6 had high career knowledge in public schools. It was suggested that career album, career knowledge inventories be provided to the students, while career counselling should be systematically given to the students.
Life Satisfaction and Endogenous Aspirations

Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (N = 13,145), we investigate the effects of (not) achieving aspirations on subjective well-being. We match individual-level data about life satisfaction aspirations with their subsequent realizations and we jointly estimate two panel-data equations, the first depicting the effects that (not) achieving initial aspirations exerts on the subsequent level of life satisfaction, and the second describing the endogenous adjustment process followed by aspirations as a function of beaten and unmet targets. We find that while achieving aspirations exerts weak effects on life satisfaction, failing to match aspired conditions significantly reduces subsequent realizations of life satisfaction. Moreover, our analysis supports a "hedonic adaptation" explanation of the previous results, as we find that aspirations significantly adjust to beaten targets, while they remain almost unchanged in case of unmet targets.
Climate change: Conflict of observational science, theory, and politics

Debate over whether human activity causes Earth climate change obscures the immensity of the dynamic systems that create and maintain climate on the planet. Anthropocentric debate leads people to believe that they can alter these planetary dynamic systems to prevent what they perceive as negative climate impacts on human civilization. Although politicians offer simplistic remedies, such as the Kyoto Protocol, global climate continues to change naturally. Better planning for the inevitable dislocations that have followed natural global climate changes throughout human history requires us to accept the fact that climate will change, and that human society must adapt to the changes. Over the last decade, the scientific literature reported a shift in emphasis from attempting to build theoretical models of putative human impacts on climate to understanding the planetwide dynamic processes that are the natural climate drivers. The current scientific literature is beginning to report the history of past climate change, the extent of natural climate variability, natural system drivers, and the episodicity of many climate changes. The scientific arguments have broadened from focus upon human effects on climate to include the array of natural phenomena that have driven global climate change for eons. However, significant political issues with long-term social consequences continue their advance. This paper summarizes recent scientific progress in climate science and arguments about human influence on climate.
From Physical Brain to Social Brain

In our highly complex human society, social intelligence is essential for interacting with other agents (Frith et al.; 2004). One of the key elements of social intelligence is the ability to assess social compatibility (distance) between oneself and others, e.g. judging whether someone could be a friend or enemy, while also selecting proper behavioural options in our social interaction (Bogardus, 1959; Akerlof, 1997), as it influences our socioeconomic behaviours (Hoffman et al.; 1996; Charness & Gneezy, 2003; Jones & Rachlin, 2006). Across cultures, the nature of interpersonal relationships are often thought of, described and acted out in terms of physical space (e.g. “close friends” or “distant relatives”) (Ossowski, 1963; Bottero & Prandy, 2003). In our daily life, social distances are also acted out in our natural behaviours, such as our tendency to regulate “personal space” based on the degree of social connection with others (Hall, 1966; Hayduk, 1983). Moreover, it has been widely observed that there is a tendency for people to cognitively map social distances onto physical space, giving rise to psychological tools such as sandplay therapy and sociograms. However previous neuroscience studies tend to show that social intelligence has strong ties with the emotion-related brain area and the reward-related brain area (Goleman, 2006). Is the connection between spatial concepts and social concepts in linguistics and psychology only a convenient metaphor or based on deep biological roots in the brain? One intriguing possibility is that the connection between the mental representations of social relationships and those of physical space is based on common neural substrates in the brain (Ramachandran and Hubbard, 2001). In particular, since the parietal cortex is known to be involved in the self-referential operations that convert the spatial information of external objects into self-centred (i.e. egocentric) coordinates for action behaviour (Roland et al.; 1980; Rapcsak et al.; 1995; Neggers et al.; 2006; Naito et al.; 2008), the common origin hypothesis predicts that the parietal cortex should also be engaged in social distance judgments, when a self-referential process is required (Vogeley & Fink, 2003). If the parietal cortex indeed performs analogous operations in social space, such a self-referential mapping of social distance would be an efficient manner of organizing complex social information to guide interactions with others. Source: Cognitive Maps, Book edited by: Karl Perusich, ISBN 978-953-307-044-5, pp. 140, January 2010, INTECH, Croatia, downloaded from SCIYO.COM
A Review of the Leptin Hormone and the Association with Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus

Leptin is a protein hormone that regulates food intake. It is secreted by the adipocytes and contains 167 amino acids. The hormone signals the hypothalamus and is released to reduce the desire for food thereby controlling appetite. Research shows that diet-induced obesity results in leptin resistance, so while the level of leptin may be high, it is ineffective. Leptin is also increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus which is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. While leptin may be elevated in both diabetes and obesity, it is not the cause of either disease. It has been suggested that leptin mediates insulin resistance and as such may be a possible treatment for insulin resistance. Diet induced leptin resistance can be reversed through dietary changes and its administration can be effective in combating insulin resistance. Leptin levels may also decrease with increased exercise. The pathophysiology involving leptin resistance is unclear. More leptin studies are needed as it may be an unexplored treatment for diabetes and may be able to provide a more detailed understanding of the disease.
Interactions between microbial processes and geochemical transformations under anaerobic conditions: a review

graphie. L'existence de conditions anaerobies dans un sol peut avoir des effets environnementaux nefastes sur ce sol, ainsi que sur la zone non saturee profonde, l'aquifere et l'atmosphere. Ces effets incluent la mobilisation de metaux et l'emission de gaz a effet de serre. Ils resultent de processus microbiens interagissant etroitement avec les transformations geochimiques. Les principales voies du catabolisme microbien anaerobie sont des respirations, les fermentations, l'acetogenese et la methanogenese. D'un cote, les caracteristiques geochimiques de la solution affectent les activites microbiennes au travers de la disponibilite en substrats, de regulations thermodynamiques, et d'inhibitions. D'un autre cote, les activites microbiennes affectent le pH de la solution du sol, son niveau d'oxydoreduction, la complexation des metaux avec des acides gras volatils, et les reactions d'adsorption/desorption et de dissolution/precipitation au niveau des phases solides. Certaines particules solides (calcite, oxydes et oxyhydroxydes metalliques) peuvent toutefois tamponner partiellement l'evolution de la solution et les transformations abiotiques peuvent regenerer partiellement des accepteurs terminaux d'electrons utilises par les micro-organismes. Peu de modeles couplent processus microbiens et transformations geochimiques ; la plupart d'entre eux ont ete proposes initialement pour decrire le fonctionnement des bio-digesteurs anaerobies ; les transformations geochimiques sont alors restreintes aux reactions acido-basiques, et les reactions entre solides et solution sont ignorees. De nombreuses problematiques environnementales necessitent le developpement de modeles biogeochimiques, qui doivent distinguer les transformations microbiennes des transformations abiotiques en raison de leur caractere cinetique et des facteurs specifiques les affectant.
The Role of Non-CO2 Gases in Flexible Climate Policy: An Analysis with the Energy-Systems GMM Model

This paper examines the effects of incorporating two main non-CO2 greenhouse gases, namely methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) into the "bottom-up", partial equilibrium, energy-systems Global Multi-regional MARKAL model (GMM). Abatement possibilities for these two greenhouse gases have been included using marginal abatement curves from the U.S. EPA study (2003). Our results illustrate the effect of these greenhouse gases on the composition of emissions mitigation strategies and associated costs, highlighting the importance of the "what" flexibility in climate-change policies. In addition, we emphasize the influence of assumptions regarding rate of deployment and technological change in non-CO2 abatement potentials on the model's outcome.
Measurement of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants during Combustion of Date Palm Wastes for Energy Recovery

ABSTRACTBeing an important date-producing country, Tunisia generates high quantities of dry date palm residues which are currently not efficiently used, and instead accumulate every year in oasis lands. These by-products could present real advantages for Tunisia for energy production in both economic and environmental terms. Heating installations using biomass generate primary pollutants, such as CO, VOC and Particle Matter (PM), these latter having the most important adverse impact on environment. Measurements of these pollutants are needed, because international certification organizations require drastic limits on CO and PM emissions from biomass combustion processes. In this study, date palm leaflets (DPL), date palm rachis (DPR), date palm trunks (DPT) and date stones (DS) were combusted in a laboratory scale mobile furnace. The aim of this work was to find an appropriate of these materials for energy recovery, with low emission factors of gaseous and PM in the exhaust. Combustion tests were performed at two temperatures (500°C and 800°C) and input air flow rates (25 and 50 NL/h). With the lowest content of chlorine and the highest bulk and energetic densities, DS is the most convenient date palm residue for energy recovery. Combustion of DPL, DPR and DPT needs to be performed at high temperature to obtain a complete carbon balance, and this is not required for the combustion of DS, which has a value of 88% for the carbon balance at 500°C. Particles emitted during combustion are mainly constituted of fine and ultrafine particles. For all samples, 99% are particles with diameters below 1 μm. Combustion of DS produces the lowest content of PM0.1, leads to the lowest emissions factors of aerosols, and generates fewer tars than the other date palm by-products. An increase in the input air flow rate, and therefore decrease in the residence time during combustion of DS, generates a larger amount of aerosols.
Description of the Larva of Notaticus fasciatus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Associated with Adults Using DNA Sequence Data

Abstract Third instars of the diving beetle Notaticus fasciatus Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) are described for the first time, representing the first description of larvae from Aubehydrini, the only remaining tribe of Dytiscinae unknown as larvae. The description is based on larvae suspected to be N. fasciatus collected in French Guiana. The specimens were associated with adults by analyzing an 806-bp fragment of cytochrome c oxidase I. Adults of N. fasciatus and 19 other species were included representing all tribes and most species of Dytiscinae found in northern South America with multiple representatives of some for a total of 33 terminals. Data were analyzed using parsimony and p-distances. The parsimony analysis resulted in a single tree. The unknown larva grouped with adult specimens of N. fasciatus (bootstrap 100%). Distance between them averaged 0.01 (0.01–0.02) compared with 0.02 (0–0.06) between other conspecifics and 0.13 (0.05–0.17) between different species. N. fasciatus larvae differ from other Dytiscinae in the following characters: 1) head capsule subtriangular; 2) occipital suture absent; 3) anterior margin of frontoclypeus convex; 4) dorsal margin of foramen magnum straight; 5) dorsal pair of stemmata unmodified; 6) antennomere I, maxillary palpomere I, and labial palpomeres I and II not subdivided; 7) maxillary palpomere II subdivided; 8) ligula absent; 9) galea well developed; 10) natatory setae present on dorsal margin of coxae, absent along ventral margin of trochanters and tarsi; 11) tarsal claws not serrate; 12) abdominal tergites fully developed; and 13) urogomphus well developed, shorter than last abdominal segment, and without natatory setae.
Effects of Dietary Fortification of Vitamin A and Folic Acid on the Composition of Chicken Egg

Micronutrient Malnutrition (MNM) is widespread in the industrialized nations, but more prominent in the developing regions of the world. It affects human of all age groups, but young children and women of reproductive age tend to be among the high-risk groups of micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrient malnutrition has many adverse effects on human health, some of which, are clinically evident. At moderate levels of deficiency (which can be detected by biochemical or clinical measurements) MNM can have serious detrimental effects on human biological functions. Thus, in addition to the obvious and direct health effects, MNM has profound implications for economic development and productivity, particularly in terms of the potentially huge public health costs and the loss of human capital formation.
The Black Band Disease of Atlantic Reef Corals

Some reef building corals in the western Atlantic are susceptible to an infection known as black band disease that is caused by the cyanophyte (cyanobacterium) Phormidium corallyticum Rutzler & Santavy. Field observations on the barrier reef of Belize and on reefs of the Bermuda platform indicate the disease is fairly common in susceptible species. Coral tissue destruction monitored in situ in Belize reveals rapid spreading rates and seasonality of the disease. Laboratory experiments confirm that P. corallyticum is the etiologic agent and we speculate that a toxic exudate is the cause of histolysis observed in coral penetrated by the organism. Coral tissue is further broken down by a rapidly developing disease microcommunity, including bacteria and ciliate protozoans, identified with the aid of light, SEM, and TEM photomicrography. Study of P. coraltyticum in culture away from its host coral reveals several ecological requirements, including dependence for optimal growth on yet unidentified organic substances contained in coral tissue. Healthy corals inoculated with various control organisms - including the gliding bacterium Beggiatoa, a filamentous chlorophyte, and six cyanophytes other than P. corallyticum - did not develop the disease. Gorgonacean corals, too, can be artificially infected with P. corallyticum, but naturally occurring gorgonian bands are composed only of noninfectious cyanophyceans.
Dissolving the Iron Cages? Tocqueville, Michels, Bureaucracy and the Perpetuation of Elite Power

Modern management theory often forgets more than it remembers. ‘What's new? ’ is the refrain. Yet, we suggest, there is much that we should already know from which we might appropriately learn, ‘Lest we forget’. The current paper takes its departure from two points of remembrance that bear on the sustained assaults on bureaucracy that have been unleashed by the critiques of recent years. These critiques include the new public management literature as well as its inspiration in the new literature of cultural entrepreneurialism. Both promise to dissolve bureaucracy's iron cage. We explain, using the classical political themes of oligarchy, democracy, and the production of elite power, why we should consider such transubstantiation alchemical by confronting contemporary discussions with the wisdom of an earlier, shrewder knowledge, whose insights we need to recall to understand the complexity of the hybridizations between supposedly opposite models of organizations.
Parameterizing ice nucleation rates using contact angle and activation energy derived from laboratory data

The rate of ice nucleation in clouds is not easily determined and large discrepancies exist between model predictions and actual ice crystal concentration measured in clouds. In an effort to improve the parameterization of ice nucleating in cloud models, we investigate the rate of heterogeneous ice nucleation under specific ambient conditions by knowing the sizes as well as two thermodynamic parameters of the ice nuclei – contact angle and activation energy. Laboratory data of freezing and deposition nucleation modes were analyzed to derive inversely the two thermodynamic parameters for a variety of ice nuclei, including mineral dusts, bacteria, pollens, and soot particles. The analysis considered the Zeldovich factor for the adjustment of ice germ formation, as well as the solute and curvature effects on surface tension; the latter effects have strong influence on the contact angle. Contact angle turns out to be a more important factor than the activation energy in discriminating the nucleation capabilities of various ice nuclei species. By extracting these thermodynamic parameters, laboratory results can be converted into a formulation that follows classical nucleation theory, which then has the flexibility of incorporating factors such as the solute effect and curvature effect that were not considered in the experiments. Due to various uncertainties, contact angle and activation energy derived in this study should be regarded as "apparent" thermodynamics parameters.
DETERMINANT FACTORS OF PURCHASE INTENTION ON GREEN PRODUCT

This research aimed to examine a model which presents effects of man-nature orientation, of healthy consumption lifestyle, of attitude toward a green product, of subjective norm and of purchase behavioural control toward purchase intention of green product. Data collection method of this research used questionnaire, which was arranged through an exploration study based on planned behaviour theory. The sample of this research was housewives as last consumers. In addition, this research was conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The result showed that man-nature orientation and healthy consumption lifestyle are a predictor for the purchase intention of green product. Man-nature orientation, healthy consumption lifestyle, subjective norm, attitude toward green product and purchase behavioural control give positive contribution for purchase intention of green product. All of the hypothesis in this research were fully supported.
Prediction of SYM-H index during large storms by NARX neural network from IMF and solar wind data

Abstract. Similar to the Dst index, the SYM-H index may also serve as an indicator of magnetic storm intensity, but having distinct advantage of higher time-resolution. In this study the NARX neural network has been used for the first time to predict SYM-H index from solar wind (SW) and IMF parameters. In total 73 time intervals of great storm events with IMF/SW data available from ACE satellite during 1998 to 2006 are used to establish the ANN model. Out of them, 67 are used to train the network and the other 6 samples for test. Additionally, the NARX prediction model is also validated using IMF/SW data from WIND satellite for 7 great storms during 1995–1997 and 2005, as well as for the July 2000 Bastille day storm and November 2001 superstorm using Geotail and OMNI data at 1 AU, respectively. Five interplanetary parameters of IMF Bz, By and total B components along with proton density and velocity of solar wind are used as the original external inputs of the neural network to predict the SYM-H index about one hour ahead. For the 6 test storms registered by ACE including two super-storms of min. SYM-H