Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The modulatory effect of oscillatory reinstatement during slow-wave sleep on declarative memory consolidation

Consistent with the context-dependent memory literature, previous research suggests that when the same frequency of neural oscillations is reinstated between memory encoding and retrieval, engram reactivation is facilitated, and thus declarative memory recall is enhanced. Importantly, engram reactivation is also fundamental for the redistribution process that underlies sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Therefore, the current study investigated whether reinstating frequency-specific oscillatory activity between encoding and sleep would facilitate the engram reactivation implicated in sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and thus enhance post-sleep declarative memory performance. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) was administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of human participants during a declarative memory task. Participants received 60 Hz of stimulation during encoding, and 60 Hz, 90 Hz, or sham stimulation during post-learning slow-wave sleep (SWS) or rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep. In immediate and delayed free recall sessions, declarative memory performance was significantly enhanced if participants had received the same frequency of stimulation during encoding and SWS compared to any other stimulation condition. This finding supports a novel theoretical proposal, which assumes that an intrinsic neurobiological mechanism for coordinating frequency-specific oscillatory activity, during SWS, underlies sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation.
Di ff use Correlation Spectroscopy at Short Source-Detector Separations : Simulations , Experiments and Theoretical Modeling

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) has widely been used as a non-invasive optical technique to measure tissue perfusion in vivo. DCS measurements are quantified to yield information about moving scatterers using photon diffusion theory and are therefore obtained at long source-detector separations (SDS). However, short SDS DCS could be used for measuring perfusion in small animal models or endoscopically in clinical studies. Here, we investigate the errors in analytically retrieved flow coefficients from simulated and experimental data acquired at short SDS. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of photon correlation transport was programmed to simulate DCS measurements and used to (a) examine the accuracy and validity of theoretical analyses, and (b) model experimental measurements made on phantoms at short SDS. Experiments consisted of measurements from a series of optical phantoms containing an embedded flow channel. Both the fluid flow rate and depth of the flow channel from the liquid surface were varied. Inputs to MC simulations required to model experiments were obtained from corrected theoretical analyses. Results show that the widely used theoretical DCS model is robust for quantifying relative changes in flow. We also show that retrieved flow coefficients at short SDS can be scaled to retrieve absolute values via MC simulations.
Features of the history of diabetology

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Operation Thumbs Down A quasi-experimental evaluation of an FBI gang takedown in South Central Los Angeles

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the violence-reduction effects following an FBI-led gang takedown in South Central Los Angeles. Design/methodology/approach – The time series impact of the intervention was estimated using a Bayesian diffusion-regression state-space model designed to infer a causal effect of an intervention using data from a similar (non-targeted) gang area as a control. Findings – A statistically significant 22 percent reduction in violent crime was observed, a reduction that lasted at least nine months after the interdiction. Research limitations/implications –The research method does make assumptions about the equivalency of the control area, though statistical checks are employed to confirm the control area crime rate trended similarly to the target area prior to the intervention. Practical implications – The paper demonstrates a minimum nine-month benefit to a gang takedown in the target area, suggesting that relatively long-term benefits from focused law enforcement activity are possible. Social implications – Longer-term crime reduction beyond just the day of the intervention can aid communities struggling with high crime and rampant gang activity. Originality/value – Few FBI-led gang task force interventions have been studied for their crime reduction benefit at the neighborhood level. This study adds to that limited literature. It also introduces a methodology that can incorporate crime rates from a control area into the analysis, and overcome some limitations imposed by ARIMA modeling.
Emotional Attachment , Residential Satisfaction , and Mobility Propensity 情感依附與居住滿意對臺灣民眾 遷移意向之影響

Drawing on J. Wolpert’s stress-threshold notion, Speare and his associates have proposed a mobility decision-making model in which residential satisfaction serves as a mediating variable between background characteristics and mobility propensity and behavior. Several studies have employed this residential satisfaction model to further examine mobility desire, expectation, adjustment, and behavior. There is no consensus, however, about the intervening role of residential satisfaction in the mobility decision-making process. With respect to background variables, few have taken into account the influence of sentiment or emotional attachment on mobility decision making. This study attempts to examine the intervening effect of residential satisfaction on mobility propensity in Taiwan by using an island-wide sample. The following research questions are addressed: (1) To what extent and how does residential satisfaction mediate the effects of background * Assistant Research Fellow, Center for Survey Research TYRC, Academia Sinica 中央研究院蔡元培人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心助研究員 收稿日期 2003/07/25,修訂日期 2003/11/03、2004/04/07,接受刊登 2004/04/19
The Comparative Effect of Using Competitive and Cooperative Learning on the Reading Comprehension of Introvert and Extrovert EFL Learners

This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of two types of learning, competitive and cooperative, on the reading comprehension of introvert and extrovert EFL learners. To this end, 120 learners studying at Marefat English Language Institute in Tehran, Iran were selected, after taking a Preliminary English Test (PET), to participate in this quasi-experimental research. The participants also answered the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) to categorize them into two personality types of introverts and extroverts. Therefore, there were four subgroups: 30 introverts and 30 extroverts undergoing the cooperative learning treatment, and 30 introverts and 30 extroverts experiencing the competitive learning treatment. The reading part of the PET was administered as the posttest of the study after each group was exposed to the treatment for 18 sessions in seven weeks. A two-way ANOVA was run on the collected data in the posttest of four groups. The results revealed that while learners generally outperformed in the competitive setting compared to the cooperative one, the extrovert was better off receiving cooperative instruction. Moreover, introverts excelled extroverts in the competitive group. However, there was no difference between the two personality groups in the cooperative situation.
Assessment of Csf Ada and Crp Levels in Differential Diagnosis of Meningitis in Adults

Background and Objectives: Infections involving the CNS, particularly meningitis and encephalitis are likely to arouse tremendous anxiety in both the physician and patients. Reliable, cost effective, rapid diagnostic tests which can be performed in any standard pathology laboratory could be of help in the differentiation of various types of meningitis in adults. In this regard, C reactive protein level and Adenosine deaminase activity can be used as rapid tests in the differential diagnosis of meningitis. ADA estimation is useful in diagnosis of Tuberculous meningitis. CRP estimation has been documented to be helpful in diagnosing pyogenic meningitis. The levels of both ADA and CRP are low in cases of viral meningitis. Objective: Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid Adenosine deaminase and C Reactive protein in the differential diagnosis of meningitis in adults. Methods: CSF samples were obtained from 50 patients who presented to the casualty and Outpatient department of Osmania General Hospital During September 2012 to September 2014 Diagnosis of meningitis was based on the clinical presentation and CSF analysis. Results: In our study, out of a total of 50 patients, 25 patients were diagnosed as tubercular meningitis based on the clinical features and CSF analysis. The mean ADA activity was 14.36 in the Tuberculous meningitis group, the result being statistically significant (p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity was 72% and 100% respectively when a cut-off value of ADA of 10U/l was used. CSF-CRP is significantly higher in pyogenic meningitis compared to non-pyogenic meningitis. The sensitivity and specificity of the test was 90% and 100%respectively with an accuracy of 98%. Interpretation and Conclusion: 2 rapid diagnostic tests-CRP and ADA activity in the CSF can help in the differential diagnosis of pyogenic from non-pyogenic and tubercular from viral meningitis respectively, CRP being elevated in pyogenic meningitis and ADA activity noted to be higher in tuberculous meningitis. The levels of ADA and CRP are low in viral meningitis. However, these tests should be interpreted judiciously in the light of the patients’ clinical manifestations and the results of CSF analysis.
Game-Themed Programming Assignments for CS 1 / 2 Courses

We have designed and implemented game-themed programming assignment modules targeted specifically for selective, incremental adoption in existing introductory programming classes. These assignments are self-contained, so that faculty members with no background in graphics or gaming can selectively pick and choose a subset to combine with their own assignments in existing classes. This paper begins with a survey of previous results, and based on this survey, the paper summarizes the important considerations when designing materials for selective adoption. The paper then describes our design and implementation efforts followed by presentation of examples of the gametheme assignment modules. After which, the paper discusses our efforts in assessing the assignments: including details of the procedures and instruments for evaluating student learning outcomes, students’ attitudes towards the assignments, and the extra effort required of faculty in adopting the assignments in existing classes. Our result is a road map that guides faculty members in experimenting with game-themed programming assignments by incrementally adopting and/or customizing suitable materials for their own classes. ∗ This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation grant DUE-0442420 and Microsoft Research under the Computer Gaming Curriculum in Computer Science RFP, Award Number 15871.
The impact of a summer education program on the environmental attitudes and awareness of minority children

The environmental education (EE) of America's youth is a high priority, but the effect of EE on children's environmental attitudes and awareness remains uncertain. This study used a pretest, post- test approach to investigate the impact of a �-week EE summer program on children from different age groups and ethnic backgrounds. A survey instrument designed to measure children's views of nature was created and validated through a multi-step process, revealing three primary components of attitudes and awareness: eco-affinity, eco-awareness, and content knowledge. Potential EE program effects were examined by comparing subscale scores of participants in a treatment and control group at the beginning and end of a �-week period. Results suggested that EE programs may benefit older children's eco-affinity and African American children's eco-awareness. This study could be used to generate support for EE programs in underserved populations.
Bridging Positivist and Interpretivist Approaches to Qualitative Methods

The usual juxtaposition of qualitative research agaimt quantitative research makes it easy to miss the fact that qualitative ruearch itself encompasses at least two traditions: positivist and interpretivist. Positivist work. seeks to identifir qualitative data with propositions that can then be tested or identified in other cases, while interpretive work seeks to combine those data into systems of belief whose manifestatwns are specijll to a case. In this paper, I argue that discovering causal relationships is the province of positivist research, while dkcoverhg causal mechanisms is the province of interpretivkts. I explain why absolutist claims for one or the other approach are mistaken, and argue that the combination of both makes more sense. Finally, I offer suggestions for combinations of positivist and interpretive work, both at the level of thought experiment and in actual data collection and analysis. Throughout. I draw my examples from recent studies of poverty, a jield in which a small but distinguished tradition of qualitative studies of the poor has been joined by a growing body of both positivist and interpretive work.
Romania RESEARCH ON THE FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CASE OF ROMANIAN ORGANIZATIONS Ionu ţ

Today companies face great challenges due to continuous change of the environment. This dynamic change leads directly or indirectly to a flexible behavior of organizations. This organizational behavior could be characterized by: reducing the response time between demand and offer, quickly adaptation to market dynamics, fast „modernization” of the management, more flexible organizational structures, customer orientation, environmental orientation, and so on. Although there are numerous works in literature that analyze the Environmental Management System (EMS), there are very few studies that approaches all integrated environmental practices, and analyze the EMS quality by considering the factors that influence it and also characterizes the organization's orientation to environmental issues. In the present paper, we conducted a research that addresses the implementation quality of EMS under the influence of various internal and external environment factors at the level of the largest organizations that are situated in NE area of Romania. The analysis was elaborated at the level of largest organizations that are developing predominantly industrial activities. For our study we have selected a sample of 178 managers. In this context, one of the main objectives of this research was to build a model for the architecture of the relationship among the influence factors and the implementation of EMS quality. Practical contributions of this research consist in specific information regarding the following issues: what factors strongly influence the implementation of EMS quality; what measures should be taken to increase the implementation quality; where are the limitations to the potential growth of the quality regarding the EMS implementation.
Accuracy in the estimates of zucchini production related to the plot size and number of harvests

The productive variability in horticultural crops affects the planning and quality of the experiments, inflating the error and leading to wrong conclusions with low experimental accuracy and reliability. The objective of this study was to dimension the plot size and number of harvests that are necessary so that there is improvement in the accuracy of zucchini production. The production data used was the one from the uniformity trials where the basic units (BU) were identified with the number of crop row and were numbered according to the position inside the row. With the values of individual production, (fresh fruit biomass) different plots sizes were simulated by summing up the adjacent BUs in the crop rows and the two forms of harvesting groups. For each plot size simulated and their respective harvests, a variation coefficient (%) was estimated at the crop row. A response surface design was applied, with a dependent variable in the variation coefficient and, with the independent variable, the plot size and number of harvests. Best combination between plot size and number of harvests is seven plants and half the productive cycle in both growing seasons.
Microbiological studies on some soft cheeses in Tai z city

This investigation aims to study the effect of diff erent storage temeratures on the microorganisms and keeping quality of local and imported soft cheeses. The samples were taken from different markets in Taiz City, Republic of Yemen. Both local and imported soft cheeses samples were stored at 28, 10 and 4°C. The samples stored at 28° C were used as control samples. Microbiological changes were followed by examination of samples dur ing storage at zero time and weekly (every 7 days) for a period of 60 days until signs of spoila ge appeared. The results indicated that cold stor age at 10°C reduced the contamination for the Aerobic, Anaerobic, Spore formers, Lactic acid bacteria, Coliform group, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Clostridium spp, Enterococci spp, Proteolytic bacteria, Psychrophilic bacteria and Yeast and Moulds counts by the following percentages: 47.63 and 50.10%, 31.66 and 36.50%, 28.32 and 24.84%, 33.33 and 33.89%, 35.44and 33.80%, 36.76 and 37.80%, 42.50 and 42.50% , 37.06 and 34.39%, 33.90 and 34.92%, 34.95 and 38.87%, 38.73 and 39.64%, 57.55 and 50.76%, 33. 07 and 30.37% and 45.61 and 47.37% of local and imported soft cheeses respectively as compared with their control samples. Also the cold storage at 4 °C induced a reduction by the following percen tages:52.16 and 53.75%, 33.33 and 39.18%, 38.22 and 34.74%, 39.96 and 49.32%, 38.23 and 42.00%, 41. 10 and 42.95%, 45.60 and 50.00%,38.98 and 36.24%, 36.87 and 37.66%, 36.1 and 46.83%, 46.60 an d 59.13%, 59.95 and 66.00%, 42.51% and 43.45% and 62.71 and 63.43 %for the mentioned mic robes and samples, respectively as compared with their control samples. However, the shelf-life were increased by 21and 37 days when using a cold storage at 10 °C and extended by 30 and 60 days whe n using a cold storage at 4 °C of local and imported soft cheeses, respectively as compared wit h heir control samples. As well as the isolation and classification of (65) bacterial isolates from the above samples, those bacteria identified as (27 ) of Bacillus spp, and (38) of Lactic acid spp, both species divided into five groups.
Translating between the lines

The aim of this study is to examine how syntactically condensed structures are translated from English to Swedish in a non-fiction text. The analysis covers nominalisations and non-finite ingand ed-clauses functioning as adverbials. The method for analysis is mainly quantitative, but in order to discuss why certain translation strategies are favoured, a qualitative analysis is also included. The results show that both obligatory and optional structural changes occur in the target text. These changes are induced by both grammatical and preferential differences between the source and target languages. As a result, the target text is often more explicit than the source text. While the most frequent translation strategy for ing-clauses is forming finite main clauses, subordinate clauses are the most frequently used correspondences for ed-clauses. Other strategies include coordination and prepositional phrases. Explicitation occurs by adding features such as finiteness and subordinating conjunctions in the target text structures. In contrast to the translation of non-finite clauses, the most commonly used correspondence when translating nominalisations is noun phrases identical to those in the source text. The second most frequent strategy is paraphrased noun phrases. Together, these two nominal strategies cover approximately two thirds of the translations. Clausal structures, which are generally more explicit, are more than three times less frequent, which opposes the idea of verbal preference in Swedish. When clausal translations are used, however, it is mainly due to the complexity of the noun phrase in which the nominalisation occurs.
Do mothers-in-law Influence Fertility Preferences of Daughters-in-law : Evidence from Rural Bihar , India

Several studies from developed countries have demonstrated important effects of parents’ fertility behaviour on their children’s fertility preferences and behaviour; but little is known on such issue from developing countries. This study advances our understanding of this intergenerational influence in context of developing countries, by extending the theoretical model to include parental preferences, sibling behaviour. Using primary data of pair of daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law from rural Bihar, we test the effect of both mothers-inlaw’s and mothers’ fertility and preference for daughters-in-law/daughters fertility. We also examined the influence of siblings’ fertility on the fertility preferences of daughters-in-law. Although both, mothers-in-law/mothers fertility and preferences influence childbearing preferences of daughters-in-law, mothers’ actual fertility and preferences for their daughter’s fertility have the stronger and more proximate effects. Own and spousal siblings’ fertility is an additional determinants of daughters-in-law‘s family size preferences. Mothers’ preferences continue to influence their children’s preferences through early adulthood. Previous evidence from developed countries The association of fertility between parents and their children has been a subject of scientific research since decades. The pioneer work on this research issue is started by Pearson, Lee, and Bramley-Moore in 1899. Using the historical data on British peerage, they found a positive correlation between fertility of mother and daughter, father and son, and grandmother and granddaughter. They concluded that genetic heritability – transfer of genes from one generation to other – is the responsible factor for such association. After a long gap, other studies were conducted to examine the transmission of fecundity across the successive generations (Huestis and Maxwell, 1932; Imaizumi et al., 1970). These studies argued that, across the generations, genetic transmission in the desire for children as well as in ability to have them are comparable in similar way in height, body build and so on. 1 Abhishek Kumar is research Scholar at International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, INDIA-400088. Email: abhi85_iips@rediffmail.com
Productivity and firm performance : Evidence of Iranian unprofitable firms

This study investigates the impact of firm productivity indices namely, human capital efficiency and employed capital efficiency on loss of unprofitable firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Data were obtained from a sample of 45 unprofitable firms from 2002 to 2008. The regression results indicate that both human capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency negatively related with firm loss. Other findings reveal that firm size as well as sale growth has negative impact on firm loss. However, we find no relationship between state ownership and firm loss.