Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pronunciation Problems of Turkish Efl Learners in Northern Cyprus

This study investigated the pronunciation problems of Turkish EFL learners in state schools in Girne, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Thirty high-school students participated in the study. The researcher collected data through a pronunciation test and school visitations. The purpose of the pronunciation test was to elicit pronunciation problems of Turkish EFL learners. The performance of participants was video-recorded. In order to increase the validity of the results, two native raters listened to the recordings and rated the problematic sounds as correct or incorrect. Microsoft Excel was used to calculate the coded and analysed data, and SPSS (Version 20) was used to find the percentages and the frequencies of the data. The findings indicate that Turkish EFL learners have serious problems in pronouncing certain English consonants (i.e., /θ/, /ð/, /w/, /v/, /ŋ/) and some English vowels and diphthongs (i.e., /i/, /ʊ/, /ᴐ:/, /ƏƱ/, /aƱ/). Mother tongue interference seems to be the main cause of these errors since Turkish lacks most of these sounds. The results of the study are thought to be useful for teachers who teach English EFL learners.
EFFECT OF CUMIN ESSENTIAL OIL ON POSTHARVEST DECAY AND SOME QUALITY FACTORS OF STRAWBERRY

Background: An essential oil is a liquid that is generally distilled from the leaves, stems, flowers or other elements of a plant. Objective: Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Essential Oil (CEO) was analyzed to determine oil component. Antifungal effect of CEO was determined by in vitro technique. In second stage, effect of different concentrations of CEO by PDM on postharvest life of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) fruit, cultivar Selva, was studied. Methods: Antifungal effect of CEO was carried out with Paper Disk Method (PDM) and Solution Method (SM). In second stage Fruits were infected artificially by Botrytis cinerea spore, and then treated by different concentration of CEO. The rate of weight loss, fruit firmness, Total Soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid and color of fruits were determined at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after the beginning of storage. The degree of infection on fruit was rated using a scale of 0 to 8, Fruit surface color was measured by Chromameter (CR 400, Minolta), TA by titration method, ascorbic acid content by iodometric method TSS content (Brix˚) by refractometer and pH by pH meter. Results: PDM was effective as antifungal. Storage life of the strawberry fruits was increased by the use of CEO significantly, by inhibition of fungal infection compared to controls. No significant fruit firmness, total soluble solids were observed in treated fruits compared to controls at all determination times. CEO treated fruit maintained higher L * at 3 and 6 day in compare with control. Titrable acidity, pH and ascorbic acid were significant in some stages. Conclusion: Results of present paper confirmed antifungal effect of CEO in both in vitro and on fruit postharvest. However, more studies are required to recommendation of CEO as a commercial and natural antifungal for increase postharvest on horticultural crops.
Healthcare Organisations in a Global Marketplace: A Systematic Review of the Literature on Healthcare Marketing

This was a systematic review to explore the nature of marketing of healthcare organisations in an international context. The objectives were to: systematically collect, document, scrutinise and critically analyse the current research literature on healthcare marketing; establish the scope of healthcare marketing; identify gaps in the research literature, and make recommendations for further research in this field. The approach adopted was to search relevant business management and healthcare databases broadly for all literature germane to the subject matter, being guided judiciously by the objectives of the research. Researchers and practitioners are gradually recognising the importance of healthcare marketing as an important tool for healthcare industry growth. However, methodical application of marketing theories and concepts is not yet well embraced by all. Despite having substantial literature on the development of the global healthcare industry, limited scholarship exists to demonstrate that marketing strategies are being utilised by healthcare institutions beyond the traditional methods the industry has been used to. There are gaps in available data on the diversity of service providers, diversity of healthcare services available and their respective and comparative impact on healthcare marketing. This paper evaluates the literature on healthcare marketing, focusing on marketing strategies in the ever-growing healthcare international market.
Motivation, Competence and Organizational Commitment’s Effect on Lecturers' Job Satisfaction and Lecturers Performance

P urpose of this study was to analyze the influence of motivation, competence and organizational commitment to job satisfaction lecturers, to analyze the influence motivation, competence and commitment of the organization to the performance of lecturers, to analyze the effects of job satisfaction on the performance of lecturers, and to analyze the influence of motivation, competence and organizational commitment indirectly through job satisfaction on the performance of lecturers. The study population is of 409 lecturers. Determination of the sample using the formula Slovin obtained as many as 202 respondents from the correspondence through the intranet Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed with structural equation modeling the help of using AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) Version 18. The results showed that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on lecturers' job satisfaction and lecturers’ performance. Competence has a positive and insignificant effect on lecturers' job satisfaction, but significant on lecturers performance. Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on lecturers' job satisfaction and lecturers’ performance. Lecturers' job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on lecturers’ performance. The Effect of Lecturers' job satisfaction proved to be significant in explaining the effect of work motivation, competence and organizational commitment on lecturers’ performance.
Motivations towards environmental innovation: A conceptual framework for multiparty cooperation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the green innovation literature using a conceptual framework developed to explain the driving forces behind environmental cooperative activities of firms. The framework links motivations to the different type of partners in the context of environmental innovations.Design/methodology/approach – Literature on innovation, environmental innovation, sustainable development and strategic management is examined in order to build the conceptual framework.Findings – This paper suggests that firms cooperate with governmental agencies, NGOs, suppliers, customers and industry associations to comply with environmental laws and regulation, obtain legitimacy as well as acquire competency (i.e. access to resources such as funds, knowledge and skills). However, only competency‐oriented motivation stimulates organisations to cooperate with competitors and knowledge leaders.Research limitations/implications – The model developed is conceptual and qualitative in nature. More .
The Prevention of Homelessness Revisited

Conceptual and methodological problems plague efforts to prevent homelessness. Attempts to identify individuals at risk are inefficient, targeting many people who will not become homeless for each person who will. Such interventions may do useful things for needy people, but evidence that they prevent homelessness is scant. Subsidized housing, with or without supportive services, has ended homelessness for families and played a key role in ending it for people with serious mental illnesses. Other risk factors may be less important once housing is secured. But programs that allocate scarce housing may simply reallocate homelessness, determining who goes to the head of the line for housing, not shortening the line itself. We recommend reorienting homelessness prevention from work with identified at-risk persons to efforts to increase the supply of affordable housing and sustainable sources of livelihood nationwide or in targeted communities.
Research Article Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation - A Critical Study on its Functioning During the Period 1995- 2012

The Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation Limited, (TNMSC), is the first Government Corporation established by an Indian state to look after the procurement and supply of medicines for the public health facilities of the state. TNMSC was established on 1st July 1994 and started functioning in January 199. At the time of establishment of TNMSC, other than the Delhi Drug Policy started in 1994, there was no other state policy on medicines in India. In the beginning there was a strong, but healthy completion between the Delhi and TNMSC Policies. Delhi Policy was started by a politician and TNMSC by a bureaucrat. After 2000, TNMSC became the role model for other Indian states, and Delhi Policy collapsed with the change of ministry in Delhi. Many other Indian states adopted the TNMSC model with necessary modifications and changes in their states. The Kerala Policy started in 2008 could overshoot the TNMSC in certain professional innovations. The present study analyses the functioning of TNMSC from 1995 to 2012 period and critically evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the TNMSC policy and compares the same with other Indian Drug Policies from the view points of Pharmacy professionals and researchers.
New Evidence on the Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy

This paper presents new evidence on the patterns of cyclicality in the fiscal policy stance of developing and industrialized countries over a period of more than three decades covering 180 countries during 1980–2012. First, the paper considers issues of robustness in the choice of the proxy for fiscal cyclicality by using alternative filtering methods to check whether this influences the results and leads to any differences in a country’s reported within-period average, and across-period changes in fiscal stance. Second, a country-specific approach is used to split the sample into sub-periods based on a test for structural break in the series of real gross domestic product per capita. Third, the paper investigates the extent to which countries behave pro-cyclically or counter-cyclically in different phases of the business cycle. In line with earlier findings in the literature, the analysis confirms that there is a causal link running from stronger institutions to less pro-cyclical fiscal policy, even after controlling for the endogeneity of institutions and other determinants of fiscal policy.
1 Trading Puzzle , Puzzling Trade 1 , 2

We explore the return performance of individual investors with respect to various factors such as portfolio size, turnover and also demographic factors: gender and age. Concerning that Borsa İゲデ;ミH┌ノ エ;ゲ ラミW ラa highest turnovers in the world (141.8% as of 2012), it is an ideal candidate to do デエキゲ ;ミ;ノ┞ゲキゲく WW W┝;マキミW デエW S;キノ┞ デヴ;SWゲ キミ Bラヴゲ; İゲデ;ミH┌ノ ふaラヴマWヴノ┞ Iゲデ;ミH┌ノ “デラIニ E┝Iエ;ミェWぶ ラa 20,000 individual investors over two year period 2011-2012. The main finding which contradicts other studies and the contribution of the paper is that, the return of the individual portfolio is positively correlated with the portfolio size. Other findings are: Almost 70% of all individual investors cannot beat the market. Investors who have high turnover underperform compared to those who have lower turnover. Male investors trade more and lose more vis-<-vis the female and older investors have higher returns.
Health, economy and social capital in Nordic children aged 13-17 years and their families: changes between 1984, 1996 and 2011

Background: Three repeated cross-sectional surveys, using representative samples of children, aged 2-17 years, stratified for age and sex, were conducted in each of the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) in 1984, 1996 and 2011. The aim of the present study was to analyze how the health of Nordic 13-17 years old children developed over time, using results from the three surveys in relation to changes in economy and social capital. Methods: Data from 2,905 children in 1984, 2,922 in 1996 and 2,257 in 2011 were collected using mailed questionnaires. Indicators in three areas were used. The Health indicator was taken as absence of psychosomatic complaints. Economy was represented by social class, housing and disposable income. Social capital contained absence of bullying, the child's organized group activities, parents playing with their children, and parents’ position of trust. Three composite indices one for each area were formed and called Health, Economy and Social Capital Index. Results: There were statistically significant increases of psychosomatic health complaints for children 13-17 years in all the Nordic countries, strongest among girls, at the same time as the economy and social capital of the families increased, particularly in the first period (1984-1996). Conclusions: In spite of the families’ growing economy and improved standard of living there is an increasingly harsh climate in society, with stress, dissatisfaction, bullying and mental health problems. It supports conclusions from other studies that only economic growth is not enough for the full wellbeing of the population. It also supports the importance of the social cohesion, affiliation and solidarity, advanced and reinforced by equitable distribution of the wealth. Social cohesion is important for schooling, on the values of self help, equity, to seek solutions for health among youths.
Interpretation of Genotype-by-Environment Interaction for Late Maize Hybrids’ Grain Yield Using a Biplot Method

The stability of grain yield of 11 late maize hybrids with a check cultivar were studied in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications for 2 years at 11 sites in multi-environment trials in Iran. The obtained data were analyzed with a GGE [genotype + (genotype × environment interaction)] biplot method. The first 2 principal components (PC1 and PC2) were used to create a 2-dimensional GGEbiplot and explained 44% and 27% of GGE sum of squares (SS), respectively. Ranking of the genotypes based on the ideal genotype revealed that grain yields of G2, G3, and G12 were higher together with being more stable. Ranking of environments for the ideal environment showed that site Rasht (RAS) was the most discriminating, whereas site Hamedan (HAM) was the most representative. There were 5 winning genotypes and 3 mega-environments in our study. The GGE biplot suggests 3 late maize mega-environments in Iran: a minor mega-environment (northern Iran consisting of Rasht and Ghaemshahr), an average one (southern and central Iran consisting of Shiraz (SHI) and Esfahan (ESF)), and a major one (western and central Iran consisting of Arak (ARA), HAM, Karaj (KAR), Kermanshah (KER), Khoramabad (KHO), Varamin (VAR), and Sanandaj (SAN)). As a result, the findings from our study are as follows: (1) genotype G2 was the most stable and is thus recommended for commercial release in Iran; (2) the GGEbiplot method can be used to identify superior genotypes for target sites in Iran and sites in other parts of the world.
The Reliability and Validity of Felder- Silverman Index of Learning Styles in Mandarin Version

This paper offers a contribution to the validation work on the ILS instrument based on the author’s study of the relationship between learning styles and learning performances in a language learning support system. An analysis on 198 valid questionnaires, collected from Chinese-native undergraduate students in responds to a Mandarin translation of Felder- Silverman Index of Learning Styles, are discussed. The discussion includes internal reliability, inter-scale correlation and construct validity. In the terms of construct validity, the trends of learning style preferences with respect to gender and the field of study are investigated.
DYNAMICS OF TEMPERATURE NORMALIZED STEM CO 2 EFFLUX IN NORWAY SPRUCE STAND

DAŘENOVA, E. , PAVELKA, M. , JANOUS, D. : Dynamics of temperature normalized stem CO 2 effl ux in Norway spruce stand. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun. , 2011, LIX, No. 6, pp. 121–126 Respiration of stems contributes approximately 8 to 13 % to the total respiration of forest ecosystem, which is not negligible, and it has to be included in carbon fl ux estimates. The aim of this study was to determine dynamics of stem CO 2 effl ux during the growing season in Norway spruce stand and factors aff ecting this effl ux. Continuous measurements of stem CO 2 effl ux were carried out by an automated system during the growing season in 2006–2009. Further measured characteristics were stem temperature, stem increment and precipitations. Stem CO 2 effl ux was in tight relationship with changes in temperature with the mean coeffi cient of determination of 0.76. This infers that temperature was the main factor driving changes in CO 2 effl ux during the season. To eliminate eff ect of temperature and determine other factors infl uencing stem CO 2 effl ux, CO 2 effl ux was normalized for temperature of 10 °C (R 10 ). Basic seasonal course of R 10 followed the pattern of stem growth rate with its maxima in June and July. The other factor eff ect, which was possible to determine, was presence of rainfall. Rainfall strong enough caused mostly increase in R 10 . This eff ect was the most signifi cant when the R 10 course had a decreasing trend in the second part of the growing season.
Département des Sciences Économiques de l'Université catholique de Louvain Growth, Public Investment and Corruption with Failing Institution

Corruption is thought to prevent poor countries from catching up with richer ones. We analyze one channel through which corruption hampers growth: public investment can be distorted in favor of specific types of spending for which rent-seeking is easier and better concealed. To study this distortion, we propose a dynamic model where households vote for the composition of public spending, subject to an incentive constraint reflecting individuals’ choice between productive activity and rent-seeking. In equilibrium, the structure of public investment is determined by the predatory technology and the distribution of political power. Among different regimes, the model shows a possible scenario of distortion without corruption in which there is no effective corruption but the possibility of corruption still distorts the allocation of public investment. We test the implications of the model on a set of countries using a two-stage least squares estimation. We find that developing countries with high predatory technology invest more in housing and physical capital in comparison with health and education. The reverse is true for developed countries.
Combining ability and heterosis for seed cotton yield, its components and quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum L.

The present study is aimed to estimate general combining ability of the parents and specific combining ability and heterosis of hybrids for seed cotton yield and fibre quality traits. Three female lines crossed with six testers in line x tester fashion. Analysis of variance for combining ability indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action for all the characters under study except plant height, 2.5% span length and oil content. The parents AK032 and AK053 among the lines and DR-7R among the testers were found to possess significant GCA effects for most of the yield contributing characters. Maximum heterosis for seed cotton yield per plant was recorded by AK023 x DR-7R over the standard check. The highest significant heterosis in desirable direction for fibre strength was recorded by AK023 x DR-7R followed by AK023 x AKH-976 over the check.
Italian Early Adolescent Females’ Intrinsic Motivation in Sport: An Explorative Study of Psychological and Sociorelational Correlates

Abstract Using self-determination theory (SDT), this study simultaneously investigated the relationships between intrinsic motivation, psychological factors (sport enjoyment, social self-efficacy), and sociorelational factors (perceived coaching behaviors) by subsequently testing whether psychological factors mediate the relationships between social-relational factors and intrinsic motivation. One hundred and twentyseven early adolescent females from several teams of the Italian Volleyball Society completed a self-report questionnaire. Results showed that female athletes’ intrinsic motivation was associated with a) sport enjoyment and b) perceived coaching behaviors (e.g., training and instruction, social support). Second, results showed that training-and-instruction coaches’ leadership style affected intrinsic motivation via the females’ enjoyment in sport. This study provided further insights into unknown associations among psychological, sociorelational factors and intrinsic motivation, highlighting the innovative role of sport enjoyment as a key factor for sustaining intrinsic motivation. Original and useful behavioral suggestions will be given to the coaches in order to sustain female athletes’ sport enjoyment and their intrinsic motivation.
Costly Financial Intermediation in Neoclassical Growth Theory

The neoclassical growth model is extended to include costly intermediated borrowing and lending between households. This is an important extension as substantial resources are used in intermediating the large amount of borrowing and lending between households. In 2007, in the United States, the amount intermediated was 1.7 times GNP, and the resources used in this intermediation amounted to at least 3.4 percent of GNP. The theory implies that financial intermediation services are an intermediate good and that the spread between borrowing and lending rates measures the efficiency of the financial sector.
KiDS-450: tomographic cross-correlation of galaxy shear with Planck lensing

We present the tomographic cross-correlation between galaxy lensing measured in the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS-450) with overlapping lensing measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as detected by Planck 2015. We compare our joint probe measurement to the theoretical expectation for a flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, assuming the best-fitting cosmological parameters from the KiDS-450 cosmic shear and Planck CMB analyses. We find that our results are consistent within $1\sigma$ with the KiDS-450 cosmology, with an amplitude re-scaling parameter $A_{\rm KiDS} = 0.86 \pm 0.19$. Adopting a Planck cosmology, we find our results are consistent within $2\sigma$, with $A_{\it Planck} = 0.68 \pm 0.15$. We show that the agreement is improved in both cases when the contamination to the signal by intrinsic galaxy alignments is accounted for, increasing $A$ by $\sim 0.1$. This is the first tomographic analysis of the galaxy lensing -- CMB lensing cross-correlation signal, and is based on five photometric redshift bins. We use this measurement as an independent validation of the multiplicative shear calibration and of the calibrated source redshift distribution at high redshifts. We find that constraints on these two quantities are strongly correlated when obtained from this technique, which should therefore not be considered as a stand-alone competitive calibration tool.