Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding parenting programmes: parents' views

This paper describes a pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based parenting programme combining the use of both affective (related to feelings) and behavioural strategies. In this paper we describe the intervention, its evaluation and a summary of the quantitative information gathered. The three pre-eminent ways in which parents appeared to have benefited from this particular programme included (1) the support they received in their parenting role from other parents, including a mirroring of problems, (2) the regaining of a sense of control in the parental role, in part through an increase in their capacity to think about matters calmly, and also through the provision of new tools with which to do the job of parenting, and (3) an increased ability to empathize and identify with their children, and a better understanding of the factors which motivate children to behave in particular ways. The capacity to think about matters calmly and the ability to empathize and identify with children appeared to be important factors in the reduction of inappropriate and unhelpful parenting practices such as shouting and smacking. It is suggested that empathy in particular is central to effective parenting, and that these results support the suggestion that there is an important added benefit for parents from programmes which combine behavioural and affective strategies focusing on feelings, relationships within the family, and the parents' own experience of being parented. The limitations of the data are discussed with reference to its reliability and validity, and the need for further research using grounded theory with other groups of parents.
Medical Student Attitudes About Mental Illness: Does Medical-School Education Reduce Stigma?

BackgroundReducing stigma associated with mental illness is an important aim of medical education, yet evidence indicates that medical students’ attitudes toward patients with mental health problems deteriorate as they progress through medical school.ObjectiveAuthors examined medical students’ attitudes to mental illness, as compared with attitudes toward other medical illness, and the influence of the number of years spent in medical school, as well as of several key socio-demographic, ethnic, and cultural variables.MethodsA group of 760 U.K. medical students completed a nationwide on-line survey examining their attitudes toward patients with five conditions (pneumonia, depression, psychotic symptoms, intravenous drug use, long-standing unexplained abdominal complaints), using the Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS). Students were also asked whether they had completed the psychiatry rotation or had personal experience of mental disorders themselves or among their friends or family members. They were also asked about their ethnic group (using U.K. national census categories), religious affiliation, and how important religion was in their lives. Independent-samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to compare differences between groups on the MCRS.ResultsStudents showed the highest regard for patients with pneumonia and lowest regard for patients with long-standing, unexplained abdominal complaints. Although attitudes toward pneumonia were more positive in fifth-year students than in first-year students, attitudes toward unexplained chronic abdominal pain were worse in fifth-year students than in first-year students. Personal experience of mental health treatment, or that among family and friends, were associated with less stigmatizing attitudes. Men showed more stigmatization than women for nearly all conditions; Chinese and South Asian students showed more stigmatizing attitudes toward delusions and hallucinations than their white British counterparts.ConclusionMedical students in this survey showed the lowest regard for patients with unexplained abdominal pain, and these attitudes were worse in the most experienced medical students. Students’ gender, culture and direct or indirect experience of mental illness influenced stigmatizing attitudes.
Molecular Cloning of the B4GALNT2 Gene and Its Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Association with Litter Size in Small Tail Han Sheep

Simple Summary In French Lacaune sheep, the B4GALNT2 (beta-1, 4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2) gene was considered as the potential gene for a FecL (mutation), which regulates the ovine ovulation rate. Three specific mutation sites linked with the FecL mutation have not been previously found in 11 sheep breeds. However, two mutations of g.36946470C > T and g.36933082C > T in the exon of B4GALNT2 were found to have had a significant effect on the litter size in the first parity for Small Tail Han (STH) Sheep (p < 0.05). B4GALNT2, which is mainly expressed in ovine ovary, also plays an important role in sheep reproduction. Furthermore, we discovered two transcription start sites (TSS) of B4GALNT2 in its 5′-flanking region in ovine granule cells in vitro. Abstract A new fecundity gene named the FecL (mutation), which regulates the ovulation rate, was discovered in French Lacaune sheep. The B4GALNT2 (beta-1, 4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2) gene was considered as the potential FecL mutation gene. This study explores whether the effect of the FecL mutation exists in other sheep breeds, and the features of the B4GALNT2 gene in terms of the molecular structure and its expression profile. Using Sanger sequencing, we found that high and low fecundity breeds from among 11 measured sheep breeds all had no variation in the three specific mutation sites, which were linked with the FecL mutation. However, two mutations of g.36946470C > T and g.36933082C > T in the exon of B4GALNT2 had a significant effect on litter size in the first parity for Small Tail Han (STH) Sheep (p < 0.05). Two transcription start sites (TSS) of B4GALNT2 in its 5′-flanking region were discovered in ovine granule cells in vitro, through the RACE (Rapid amplification of cDNA ends) method. Except for in the kidney and oviduct, no significant difference in expression levels had been found between STH sheep and Tan sheep breeds. The B4GALNT2 gene, as a candidate for FecL, may have a relationship with the differences in litter size in STH sheep. B4GALNT2 is mainly expressed in the ovine ovary, which also suggests that B4GALNT2 plays an important role in sheep reproduction.
Interactions of Ficolin and Mannose-Binding Lectin with Fibrinogen/Fibrin Augment the Lectin Complement Pathway

Ficolin and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are animal lectins that are involved in innate immunity by initiating the lectin complement pathway. Here, we report that interactions between these lectins and fibrinogen/fibrin augment the lectin pathway. An ELISA revealed that recombinant mouse ficolin A (rFcnA), rMBL-A and rMBL-C bind to fibrinogen in a dose-dependent manner. Affinity Western blotting showed that these lectins bind to the Aα- and Bβ-chains of fibrinogen and the α- and β-chains of fibrin, but not to the γ-chain, and that rMBL-A and rMBL-C preferentially bind to the α- and β-chains. The C4 deposition activity on Fbg-coated plates was observed by using mouse serum, and the deposition on GlcNAc-coated plates was enhanced by fibrinogen supplementation and further enhanced by the addition of thrombin. Similar effects of fibrinogen and fibrin were observed in the bindings of these lectins to a Gram-positive pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, and in the subsequent C3 deposition on the bacteria. In particular, the lectin pathway, through MBLs, seemed to synchronize with blood coagulation. Therefore, it is suggested that the lectin pathway collaborates with the coagulation system in the first-line host defense against pathogens under conditions such as injury and inflammation.
Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium

Background: Despite the reduced incidence of coronary heart disease with intensive risk factor management, people with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes remain at increased coronary heart disease risk. Diabetes prevention interventions may be needed to reduce coronary heart disease risk. This approach was examined in the DPP (Diabetes Prevention Program) and the DPPOS (Diabetes Prevention Program Outcome Study), a long-term intervention study in 3234 subjects with prediabetes (mean±SD age, 64±10 years) that showed reduced diabetes risk with lifestyle and metformin compared with placebo over 3.2 years. Methods: The DPPOS offered periodic group lifestyle sessions to all participants and continued metformin in the originally randomized metformin group. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed in 2029 participants with coronary artery calcium (CAC) measurements after an average of 14 years of follow-up. The CAC scores were analyzed continuously as CAC severity and categorically as CAC presence (CAC score >0) and reported separately in men and women. Results: There were no CAC differences between lifestyle and placebo intervention groups in either sex. CAC severity and presence were significantly lower among men in the metformin versus the placebo group (age-adjusted mean CAC severity, 39.5 versus 66.9 Agatston units, P=0.04; CAC presence, 75% versus 84%, P=0.02), but no metformin effect was seen in women. In multivariate analysis, the metformin effect in men was not influenced by demographic, anthropometric, or metabolic factors; by the development of diabetes mellitus; or by use/nonuse of statin therapy. Conclusions: Metformin may protect against coronary atherosclerosis in prediabetes and early diabetes mellitus among men. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00038727.
Seis anos de atendimento em trauma facial: análise epidemiológica de 355 casos

Facial traumas are frequent in emergencies, and they require the diagnosis of fractures and associated lesions. AIM: To analyze epidemiological data concerning facial trauma care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and fifty-five charts from patients with facial trauma treated by the Service of Otorhinolaryngology, from January 2002 to December 2008, were revised. The following data was collected: age, gender, etiology, anatomical localization of the fracture, associated injuries, alcohol consumption, treatment, and hospitalization. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective historical longitudinal study. RESULTS: Most of the patients are young adult men (p<0.05) with a male:female ratio of 4:1(p<0.05). Interpersonal violence is the most prevalent cause of facial trauma (27.9%), followed by motor vehicle accidents (16.6%) (p<0.05). The mandible is the most prevalent facial bone fractured (44.2%), followed by nasal fracture (18.9%) (p<0.05). 41.1% of the patients consumed alcohol with a male:female ratio of 11.2:1 (p<0.05). Seventy-seven percent of the patients required surgical intervention (p<0.05) and 84.5% were hospitalized (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Young male adults are the most prevalent victims of facial trauma, and interpersonal violence is responsible for the majority of the facial injuries. Most of the cases of facial trauma are associated with the consumption of alcohol. Further studies will be necessary to provide a clear understanding of the trends in the etiology of facial trauma.
Factors associated with career satisfaction and burnout among US neurosurgeons: results of a nationwide survey.

UNLABELLED OBJECT :The object of this study was to identify and quantify predictors of burnout and career satisfaction among US neurosurgeons. METHODS All US members (3247) of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) were invited to participate in a survey between September and December 2012. Responses were evaluated through univariate analysis. Factors independently associated with burnout and career satisfaction were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Subgroup analysis of academic and nonacademic neurosurgeons was performed as well. RESULTS The survey response rate was 24% (783 members). The majority of respondents were male, 40-60 years old, in a stable relationship, with children, working in a group or university practice, and trained in a subspecialty. More than 80% of respondents reported being at least somewhat satisfied with their career, and 70% would choose a career in neurosurgery again; however, only 26% of neurosurgeons believed their professional lives would improve in the future, and 52% believed it would worsen. The overall burnout rate was 56.7%. Factors independently associated with both burnout and career satisfaction included achieving a balance between work and life outside the hospital (burnout OR 0.45, satisfaction OR 10.0) and anxiety over future earnings and/or health care reform (burnout OR 1.96, satisfaction OR 0.32). While the burnout rate for nonacademic neurosurgeons (62.9%) was higher than that for academic neurosurgeons (47.7%), academicians who had practiced for over 20 years were less likely to be satisfied with their careers. CONCLUSIONS The rates of burnout and career satisfaction were both high in this survey study of US neurosurgeons. The negative effects of burnout on the lives of surgeons, patients, and their families require further study and probably necessitate the development of interventional programs at local, regional, and even national levels.
O metifenidato no Brasil: uma década de publicações

Methylphenidate is frequently associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), though this psychostimulant has been on the market in Switzerland, Germany and the US since the 1950s. After its association with ADHD, Ritalin has become the world's most widely used psychostimulant. The scope of this article is to present the results of an analysis of publications concerning the use of Methylphenidate in Brazil over a decade. It seeks to understand how the information is presented or omitted in the different printed materials. For the analysis, the most important Brazilian psychiatric journals as well as major Brazilian newspapers and magazines for the general public for the 1998-2008 period were consulted. One important point that resulted from analysis of the empirical material was the participation of pharmaceutical laboratories in the funding of research groups on ADHD. The findings reveal several controversial issues in the publications, such as the combination of drugs and psychotherapy, as well as issues of addiction and over-prescription.
Family Therapy for ADHD: Treating Children, Adolescents, and Adults

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Supplementation of Flaxseed Oil Diminishes Skin Sensitivity and Improves Skin Barrier Function and Condition

Background: Skin sensitivity is a common problem in the Western population correlated with changes of skin properties like skin barrier function, hydration and skin physiology. Skin properties can be modulated by dietary fatty acids (FA), especially poly-unsaturated FA. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of daily supplementation with flaxseed oil and safflowerseed oil on healthy volunteers with sensitive skin. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind 12-week intervention with 2 female treatment groups (n = 13). Plasma FA profile, skin sensitivity, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface were evaluated on day 0, week 6 and week 12. Results: Supplementation with flaxseed oil led to significant decreases in sensitivity (after nicotinate irritation), TEWL, skin roughness and scaling, while smoothness and hydration were increased. Concomitantly, the ratio of n–6/n–3 FA in plasma decreased. Upon supplementation with safflowerseed oil, only a significant improvement in skin roughness and hydration was observed; however, the effects were less pronounced and determined at a later point in time than with flaxseed oil. The plasma n–6/n–3 FA ratio increased. Conclusion: The data provide evidence that daily intake of flaxseed oil modulates skin condition.
Effect of nanotechnology instructions on senior high school students

In this research, we cooperate with senior high school teachers to understand current nanotechnology model of senior high school nanotechnology curriculum in Taiwan. Then design senior high school nanotechnology (nano-tech) curriculum to teach 503 senior high school students. After teaching the nano-tech curriculum we use the “Nanotechnology problem situation questionnaire” to measurement their learning. The results showed: 1. Senior high school nanotechnology curriculum tends to introduce nanotechnology phenomenon we meet in daily life to students, the teachers explain which science lesson related to the curriculum and sum up the nanotechnology principle of the nanotechnology product in the end. 2. We receive 453 valid nanotechnology problem situation questionnaires (recoveries about 90.1%). Analyze the questionnaires, we found out around 17.89~27.59% of senior high school students can answer the contexts they learn in the nano-tech curriculum lesson, but the concept is incomplete; the other 43.26% to 53.99% students have alternative conceptions, they use their own experiences from daily life to finish the questionnaires which might be incorrect. 3. Some of the students have inveterate alternative concept which senior high school teacher thinks these alternative concepts might change when teacher conduct students to join a nano-tech science fair competition. In the competition, student needs to do the experiment and presentation all by themselves which can establish the right nano-tech concept for them. 4. Collecting all kinds of students’ answers in the questionnaires, we can analyze their alternative conceptions to compile senior high school nanotechnology Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, Volume 12, Issue 2, Article 12, p.3 (Dec., 2011) Chow-Chin LU and Chia-Chi SUNG Effect of nanotechnology instructions on senior high school students Copyright (C) 2011 HKIEd APFSLT. Volume 12, Issue 2, Article 12 (Dec., 2011). All Rights Reserved. conception diagnostic test, which can do a comprehensive test and use it as designing nano-science curriculum reference documents.
FAK activation and the role of epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) in collagen gel contraction.

PURPOSE Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) occurs in approximately 10% of patients after retinal detachment. PVR results from a multiphase process that leads to an aberrant wound-healing strategy with contractile cellular forces and tractional retinal detachment (TRD). Epithelial membrane protein (EMP) 2 controls cell surface expression and function of integrin isoforms associated with cellular contraction in many cell types. Since EMP2 is highly expressed in retinal pigment epithelium, this study investigates the role of EMP2 in collagen gel contraction. METHODS EMP2 expression was recombinantly modified in the ARPE-19 cell line. Cell surface integrin expression was assessed by flow cytometry. Collagen gel contraction was assessed by using an in vitro assay and the percentage of contraction was quantified. Proliferation and migration were measured by BrdU incorporation and a wound-healing assay, respectively. Cellular invasion was investigated with polycarbonate membranes coated with collagen. RESULTS EMP2 expression levels correlated positively with the ability to contract collagen gels. Compared with wild-type ARPE-19 cells, the cells with increased EMP2 expression exhibited enhanced contraction (P = 0.02), and decreased EMP2 expression concomitantly resulted in decreased contraction (P = 0.002). EMP2 overexpression resulted in reduced proliferation, migration, and integrin alpha1 and alpha2 integrin expression. EMP2 overexpression was associated with a 70% increase in FAK activation (P = 0.0003) and relative resistance of gel contraction to inhibitors of FAK/Src activation. CONCLUSIONS ARPE-19-mediated collagen gel contraction is a multistep process that requires integrin ligation and activation of the FAK/Src complex. EMP2 positively modulates collagen gel contraction by ARPE-19 cells through increased FAK activation.
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Children With Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in 19 children with cancer. The diagnosis was made in 14 children by pulmonary needle aspiration and demonstration of the organism by methenamine silver nitrate stain. Two children had tension pneumothorax and one had postaspiration hemoptysis following needle aspiration, but there was no mortality from the procedure. Seventeen children were treated with pentamidine isethionate; nine recovered. Toxicity to pentamidine consisted of elevated blood urea nitrogen levels and hypoglycemia .