Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Study of Nozzle Geometry on Heat Transfer Characteristics Part I : Local Heat Transfer

The paper reports results on the effects of nozzle geometry on local heat transfer distribution in confined air jet impingement on a heated thin flat plate. Experiments have been conducted with variation of exit Reynold's number, Re, in the range of 6000 ≤ Re ≤ 40000 and plate surface spacing to nozzle diameter, H/d, in the range of 1 ≤ H/d ≤ 6 for single nozzle with square edge (non-chamfered) and chamfered nozzles of the same diameter, 5 mm. The chamfered length, Lc is varied from 1 mm to 3.65 mm with constant chamfered angle, θ = 60 for each nozzle configuration. It is observed that the local Nusselt numbers has the highest value for square edge inlet nozzle when compared with other nozzle configurations.
Determination of subnanomolar zinc and its speciation in seawater with improved clean sampling and analytical method

Zn is an essential micronutrient for the bacteria and phytoplankton in the ocean since it plays an important role in numerous enzyme systems involved in various metabolic processes. In most surface waters, natural organic ligands strongly bind Zn and dominate the speciation of the total Zn pool. Organic complexation reduces the fraction of free metal ion (Zn) to a level as low as 1 pM, which could limit the growth of some phytoplankton species. Therefore, the study of Zn speciat ion is important for understanding biogeochemical cycling of Zn in the ocean. Nevertheless, biogeochemical cycles of Zn have not been fully revealed yet in the ocean since determination of Zn in seawater is very difficult because of contamination problems. In this study, I have established a new reliable determination method and clean sampling technique for subnanomolar level of Zn in seawater. Using these methods, vertical distributions of Zn and its speciation were investigated.
‘ ‘ I LikedGirls and I Thought TheyWere Pretty ’ ’ : InitialMemories of Same-Sex Attraction in Young Lesbian and BisexualWomen

There is little research on what is meant by the concept of ‘‘feeling attracted’’ and even less about what same-sex attraction looks and feels like for individuals. Without insight into the phenomenon of same-sex attraction, researchers risk misunderstandingtheroleofsexualattractioninsexualidentity development and risk mis-categorizing individuals in research designs that compare LGBTQ and heterosexual samples. The current study draws from semi-structured interviews (n= 30) withyounglesbian-,bisexual-,andqueer-identifiedwomen(ages 18–24) about their initial memories of same-sex attraction. Two questions were pursued using qualitative analytic strategies. We examinedtheagethatparticipantsrememberedfirstexperiencing same-sex attraction using content analysis. Two age groups emerged as distinct: those with experiences of same-sex attraction in childhood and those with initial attractions in later adolescence. We also examined key elements in participants’ descriptions of early same-sex attraction using thematic analysis. The role of embodied feelings, relationships with other young women,andsocialenvironments includingmediaimagesemerged as central to initial experiences of attraction. Findings highlight howearlyexperiencesofsame-sexattractionproduceddifferent types of interpretations within individuals and, in turn, these interpretations informed how participants did or did not take up LGBTQ identity labels. These findings may help guide the development of more refined measurement tools for researchers hoping to sample sexual minorities and can contribute to developing more effective supports for individuals who experience same-sex attraction but may not adopt LGBTQ identity labels and, as a result, are routinely missed in outreach efforts.
Do Some Countries Discriminate More than Others? Evidence from 97 Field Experiments of Racial Discrimination in Hiring

Comparing levels of discrimination across countries can provide a window into large-scale social and political factors often described as the root of discrimination. Because of difficulties in measurement, however, little is established about variation in hiring discrimination across countries. We address this gap through a formal meta-analysis of 97 field experiments of discrimination incorporating more than 200,000 job applications in nine countries in Europe and North America. We find significant discrimination against nonwhite natives in all countries in our analysis; discrimination against white immigrants is present but low. However, discrimination rates vary strongly by country: In high-discrimination countries, white natives receive nearly twice the callbacks of nonwhites; in low-discrimination countries, white natives receive about 25 percent more. France has the highest discrimination rates, followed by Sweden. We find smaller differences among Great Britain, Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, the United States, and Germany. These findings challenge several conventional macro-level theories of discrimination.
A study on early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in smear negative retroviral positive patients by using CBNAAT

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most common opportunistic infections among people with HIV infection. Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis by sputum-based techniques includes microscopy and culture. However, in people living with HIV, sputum production is scanty and also the sputum contains less number of bacilli due to fewer cavitations, thereby decreasing the sensitivity and specificity of sputum microscopy as a diagnostic tool. Aim of the study: In this study, we assess the usefulness of CBNAAT in the early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and its incidence by using CBNAAT in smear-negative HIV patients using mycobacterial culture in Lowenstein Jensen medium as Gold Standard. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital. Data were collected from 150 HIV infected patients who tested sputum smear negative. Sputum samples were then sent for CBNAAT and sputum culture for mycobacteria. Results: Of the 150 patients enrolled, 28(18.66%) of them were detected with MTB by CBNAAT; whereas sputum culture could detect 38(25.33%) of them. Thus, compared to sputum smear, CBNAAT increases TB detection by 18.66% and sputum culture increases by 25.33%. The sensitivity of CBNAAT in our study was 73.68% and the incidence of smear-negative pulmonary TB in the study population by using CBNAAT was 18.66%. Conclusion: CBNAAT is a highly sensitive and diagnostic stool for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB and it is of immense help in the early diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary TB in HIV infected patients. Therefore, CBNAAT should be used as the initial test in HIV infected patients suspected with pulmonary TB. V. Rajkumar, Karthikeyan. A study on early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in smear negative retroviral positive patients by using CBNAAT. IAIM, 2019; 6(3): 349-354.
AUDIT CONFLICT : A CASE OF IRANIAN AUDITORS ABILITY TO RESIST CLIENT PRESSURE IN A CONFLICT SITUATION

Auditors’ role is governed by their relationship with the client’s management, especially in the context of a conflict, where they might be forced to compromise their respective stance. However, auditors are expected to remain independent in the event this occurs. A survey questionnaire was used to examine whether or not Iranian auditors are likely to accede to the clients’ request in a conflict. The results indicated that Iranian auditors tend to remain independent in the face of conflicts or pressure from clients.
Robust path following of underactuated ships using Serret-Frenet frame

This paper develops a controller that forces an underactuated surface ship to follow a predefined path at a constant forward speed controlled by the main thruster system under the presence of environmental disturbances induced by wave, wind and ocean-current. The proposed controllers are designed using Lyapunov's Direct Method. A new stability result for nonlinear cascade systems with non-vanishing uncertainties is introduced to analyze closed-loop stability.
Minimum Quotation Size and Market Quality: Evidence from the Modern OTC Markets

I examine the effects of a change in the minimum quotation size on liquidity and volatility in the modern over-the-counter (OTC) markets. On November 12, 2012, the Financial Industry Regulatory Agency (FINRA) introduced a pilot program to adjust the minimum quote sizes for securities transactions in the OTC markets. I find that an increase in the minimum quote size decreases OTC market quality as spreads widen and volatility increases. In contrast, I find that a decrease in the minimum quote size improves OTC market quality, but the results are sensitive to the price of the security. These results offer important insights to regulators, exchange officials, and market participants in the OTC marketplace.
Chinese children ' s evaluation of authority ' s responses to social events

CHINESE CHILDREN’S EVALUATION OF AUTHORITY’S RESPONSES TO SOCIAL EVENTS by Pui San Tse Dr. Marta Laupa, Examination Committee Chair Professor o f Psychology University o f Nevada, Las Vegas Chinese children’s conceptualization of moral, conventional and personal events and their judgments of authority were examined by assessing their evaluation of authority’s responses to these acts. Seventy-two Macau children from second, fifth and eighth grades made judgments of permissibility o f acts, personal jurisdiction, and obedience to mles regarding these events and then rated moral, conventional and filial duty reasons provided by parents in response to these events. Findings were that children made distinctions among these events. They also rated moral reasons as the best response to moral transgressions. Children rated both moral reasons and conventional reasons more positively than duty reasons to conventional transgressions, whereas they preferred moral and duty reasons to personal events. The results suggest that children’s evaluations of responses are based on their conceptualization of these events and children take into account the content o f the social events in their judgments of authority.
Recording of Visual Evoked Potential in Patients Suffering from Epilepsy following Valproate Sodium Treatment

Aim: Valproate Sodium is a drug which can be used in patients suffering from epilepsy. It is reported that in some cases it may have toxic effect on visual system, mainly visual pathway. The aim of present study is to examine the visual pathway of these patients using visual evoked potentials. Method: 27 epilepsy patients under sodium valproate treatment were selected for the purpose of present study. VEP, P100 peak was measured in patients’ groups i.e. case group. The result obtained were compared with the control consist of 27 normal population matched with case group. Results: The two groups were matched demographically from age, sex and visual acuity point of view. The mean latency/ S.D of VEP, P100 peak were 1.8/7.23 and 95/4.37 msec and that of mean amplitude were 7 ± 1.83 and 8 ± 2.0 µv in case and control groups respectively. The difference between two groups was significant in case of latency of VEP, P100 peak whereas the difference between amplitude of VEP, P100 peak was not significant. Conclusion: From the results of present work one can conclude that sodium valproate affects visual pathway of epilepsy patients which can be proved by visual evoked potential.
PATTERNS OF MATERNAL PROVISION AND EMBRYONIC MOBILIZATION OF CALCIUM IN OVIPAROUS AND VIVIPAROUS SQUAMATE REPTILES

—Embryos of oviparous squamate reptiles obtain all organic and most inorganic nutrients from yolk; yolk provides 19–86% of hatchling calcium content. The remaining calcium is extracted from the eggshell. Yolk calcium provision to viviparous embryos also is variable and includes three patterns. The contribution of yolk to embryonic development for most viviparous squamates is similar to oviparous species, but the attenuated eggshell of viviparous species is a poor source of calcium because it lacks an outer layer of calcium carbonate, and embryos supplement yolk calcium via placental transfer. In a second pattern, yolk provides all organic nutrients and calcium. The final pattern occurs in viviparous species that are substantially placentotrophic and placental transfer accounts for most organic and inorganic nutrients, including calcium. The many independent evolutionary transitions to viviparity among squamates have inspired interest in a possible link to patterns of embryonic calcium nutrition. A prominent model predicts that the pattern of maternal provision and embryonic uptake of calcium unique to squamates facilitates the evolution of viviparity. A primary assumption of the model is that the evolution of viviparity precedes the evolution of calcium placentotrophy. An alternative model predicts that viviparity and placentotrophy evolve concurrently because mechanisms for nutrient provision and mobilization are not dependent on reproductive mode. These hypotheses have not been tested directly but review of the literature indicates that neither fully explains the diversity of squamate embryonic calcium nutrition. Viviparous species differ from oviparous species primarily in the timing of uterine calcium secretion and structure of eggshell calcium. Future studies should focus on the mechanisms that promote these differences.
Facial nerve in relation to temporal bone pneumatization – a cadaveric study

Background Besides clinical judgment and technical skills, a competent surgeon must also be a good anatomist. This statement is especially important with reference to facial nerve in middle ear. To make situation worse, the middle ear and mastoid pneumatization varies from bone to bone even in the same person, this is what makes mastoid surgery such a difficult task. Objective To see whether pneumatization status of temporal bone influences the intratemporal facial nerve Method 30 cadaveric temporal bones were dissected. Depending upon the pneumatization of air cells, temporal bones were divided into 2 groups i.e. pneumatized and poorly pneumatized group. The facial nerve along with its branches was exposed from lateral part of 1 genu to outside of stylomastoid foramen. Results – The average length of mastoid and tympanic segments of facial nerve was found to be 12.6mm and 14.7mm in pnematized specimens and 11.8mm and 13.9mm among poorly pneumatized specimens. Conclusion No significant difference was seen in the dimensions of facial nerve among the 2 groups. However, dehiscence of facial nerves was found to be more common in the pneumatized specimens.
How to effectively collect zooplankton in illuminated cages for fish rearing

The use of a reliable zooplankton sample collection method is important for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the food source available for juvenile fish. The effectiveness of zooplankton collection in illuminated cages is related to its concentration in the subsurface layer of water around or under the light source. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three zooplankton sample collection methods in illuminated cages. The experiment was conducted in Lake Maróz, Poland, in illuminated net cages. The light source was an electric bulb (24 V, 60 W), located just above water’s surface and switched on 2 hours before sample collection. The zooplankton samples were collected using a bottle sampler and conical tow-net (mesh 30 μm) hauled at two different speeds. In terms of qualitative and quantitative parameters, the optimal sample collection method was plankton net hauled at a slow vertical rate (0.05 m s). Average results were obtained using a bottle sampler (5.0 dm volume). Whereas, plankton net hauled vertically at a fast vertical rate (0.10 m s) was the least effective method, due to the displacement of water outside of the net’s inlet. JAK EFEKTYWNIE POBIERAĆ ZOOPLANKTON W SADZACH OŚWIETLONYCH DO PODCHOWU RYB? Andrzej Skrzypczak, Andrzej Springer , Anna Goździejewska, Grażyna Furgała-Selezniow Katedra Turystyki, Rekreacji i Ekologii Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: młodociane stadia ryb, sadze jeziorowe, metody poboru prób. Address: Andrzej Skrzypczak, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Michała Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland, phone: + 48(89) 523 33 84, e-mail: andrzej.skrzypczak@uwm.edu. pl
Deep neural networks for the detection and segmentation of the retinal fluid in OCT images

In this paper, we present results of RETOUCH challenge, which is a satellite event of the MICCAI 2017 conference. The goal of RETOUCH challenge is to detect and segment fluid-filled areas such as intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in retinal OCT images. To do that, we propose a two step neural network; the former network is designed to detect and segment fluid areas, while the latter network is designed to enhance the robustness of the former network. In former network, we adapt a U-net combined with a classification layer. We use dropout layer and maxout activation to avoid overfitting. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of our results were performed to show the performance of the proposed method.
WORKSPACE OPTIMIZATION OF A VERY LARGE CABLE-DRIVEN PARALLEL MECHANISM FOR A RADIOTELESCOPE APPLICATION

The 6-DOF cable-driven mechanism under study in this paper is a feed positioning device for the Large Adaptive Reflector (LAR). The LAR is a concept of a very large orientable radio antenna. The study aims at optimizing the geometry of the cable mechanism to maximize the portion of the desired workspace in which the mechanism can remain in static equilibrium under the predicted external forces and torques. A general test to rapidly compute if the set of external forces and torques can be balanced is developed. This test is applicable to mechanisms with an arbitrary number(minimum six) of cables. Architectures with six to nine cables are optimized and compared. The conclusion of this study is that the prescribed task is unlikely to be achievable by this type of mechanism. Some design guidelines to improve the performance of a large cable-driven mechanism kept under tension by an aerostat are also provided.
ITIL ADOPTION MODEL BASED ON UTAUT

As organizations implement Information Technology and Infrastructure Library (ITIL) to enhance the Information Technology (IT) governance they either study critical success factors, or take consultants advice on best practices for maximum probability of succeeding with the organizational culture change. Meanwhile, the adoption of such change is not widely discussed due to the lack of adoption models that address governance frameworks. This paper proposes the use of the technology adoption model UTAUT as an adoption model of IT governance frameworks, specifically ITIL. In order for the model to specifically cater to ITIL adoption, it was supported by critical success factors of ITIL implementation. These critical success factors are proposed to have a direct impact on constructs that define the adoption. The proposed model was then implemented by applying it to a case study of a company where the ITIL implementation project failed. As a result to analyzing the case study in light of the adoption model, a road map to successful implementation of ITIL is proposed.
Out-of-vocabulary word modeling using multiple lexical fillers

In large vocabulary speech recognition, out-of-vocabulary words are an important cause of errors. We describe a lexical filler model that can be used in a single pass recognition system to detect out-of-vocabulary words and reduce the error rate. When rescoring word graphs with better acoustic models, word fillers cause a combinatorial explosion. We introduce a new technique, using several thousand lexical fillers, which produces word graphs that can be rescored efficiently. On a large French vocabulary continuous speech recognition task, lexical fillers achieved an OOV detection rate of 44% and allowed a 23% reduction in errors due to OOV words.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-AGING EFFICACIES OF COFFEA ROBUSTA EXTRACT ON HUMAN FIBROBLAST Nguyen

The extract of Coffea robusta was evaluated via the antioxidant and anti-aging efficacies on human dermal fibroblast. Coffea robusta green beans harvested in Buon Ma Thuot Vietnam were roasted and extracted by hot water. The anti-oxidant activity of the extract was measured by the DHHP assay. Additionally, the extract was dosed to fibroblast and proteome analysis using 2-D was conducted to observe the changes of proteins involving in aging process. The results show that the extract is a strong anti-oxidant factor with low IC50 value for DPPH scavenging (33.2 mg/L), and significant up-regulation of 5 natural antioxidant enzymes (GPX2, GCLM, PRDX4, GSTA1 and NQO1), as well as down-regulation of 2 supporting-free-radicals proteins (NF-kB1 and TNF-alpha) of human fibroblast. Furthermore, the extract is a potential anti-aging factor with the down-regulation of 4 proteins related to the degradation of elastin and dermal extracellular matrix (CELA2B, CELA3A, CELA3B and MMP3).
Probabilistic simulation predicts human judgments about substance dynamics

The physical behavior of moving substances is highly complex, yet people can interact with them in their everyday lives with ease and proficiency. To investigate how humans achieve this remarkable ability, the present study examined human performance on an extension of the classical water-pouring problem (Schwartz & Black, 1999) and a substance dynamics prediction task adapted from previous work (Bates, Yildirim, Tenenbaum, & Battaglia, 2015). Participants were asked to perform three distinctively different tasks: (1) judging the relative pouring angle of two substance-filled containers which varied in the volume and viscosity of their contents; (2) predicting the resting geometry of sand pouring from a funnel onto a surface; and (3) predicting the dynamics of three substances—liquid, sand, and a collection of rigid balls—flowing past obstacles into two basins. Our findings indicate that people do not rely on simple qualitative heuristics based on physical attributes (i.e., viscosity, friction, and ball restitution) or perceptual variables (i.e., substance volume and position) when forming judgments and predictions. Instead, computational results from an intuitive substance engine (ISE) model employing probabilistic simulation support the hypothesis that humans infer future states of perceived physical situations by propagating noisy representations forward in time using approximated rational physics. The ISE model outperforms ground-truth physical models in each experiment, as well as competing non-simulation models based on data-driven learning approaches. Our results expand on previous work proposing human use of mental simulation in physical reasoning and demonstrate human proficiency in predicting the dynamics of physical events involving non-solid substances.