Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship of self-esteem and body esteem in women with and without eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE We investigated the predictive utility of three dimensions of body esteem in explaining self-esteem in samples of eating-disordered (ED) and nonclinical women. METHOD Participants comprised 74 ED women and 103 female university students. All women completed questionnaires measuring body esteem and self-esteem and all provided information on height and weight. We ran hierarchical multiple regression analyses with self-esteem as the outcome variable and participant status (clinical or non), body mass index (BMI), body esteem, and interaction terms as predictors. RESULTS The main finding was a Body Esteem x Participant Status interaction involving the attribution dimension of body esteem. Specifically, among ED women, the higher their body esteem attribution (i.e., the more they endorsed items such as "I think my appearance would help me get dates"), the higher their self-esteem; whereas this relationship was not found among the students. DISCUSSION Our results contribute to an emerging profile of ED patients as highly socially sensitive.
Evaluation of Serum Cytokines Levels in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic versus Conventional Cholecystectomy

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of surgical trauma on systemic inflammation and immune response correlating preoperative and postoperative cytokine levels in patients undergoing laparotomy versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Seventy patients with chronic, symptomatic cholelithiasis confirmed by ultrasonography, without presence of cancer or signs of acute cholecystitis were assigned to laparoscopic cholecystectomy-LC (n = 35) and open cholecystectomy-OC (n = 35). Blood samples were obtained preoperatively, 24 and 72 hours after surgery. Blood concentration of cytokines TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1), IFN-γ (interferon gamma) and IL-6 (interleukin-6), anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were measured in both groups. Although levels of TNFα were decreased on postoperative day one in LC group, the secretion in patients who underwent open laparatomy was significantly higher (p = 0.000). After 72h the values raised in the OC and also in LC group compared to postoperative day one. Analyzing the values of IFN γ and IL-1 in our study we noticed that the values declined in the LC group after 72 hours, but significantly raised in the OC group (p = 0.000). We observed significantly higher values of IL-6 in OC group, with the serum peak level 72 hours after procedure. In contrast, serum levels of IL-6 in patients who underwent laparascopic cholecystectomy had a decrease of values postoperativly. A similar event occurred with IL-10 in the laparoscopic group at the same times.The levels of interleukins are increased and significantly higher in patients undergoing open procedures demonstrating that laparoscopic method displays less inflammatory response compared to open technique.
LEUNIG has multiple functions in gynoecium development in Arabidopsis

Summary: The Arabidopsis gene LEUNIG was previously found to regulate floral organ identity. In this work we describe gynoecial phenotypes of newly isolated strong leunig alleles, leunig‐101, leunig‐102, and leunig‐103. Gynoecia of these strong leunig mutants are united only at the basal part, leaving four unfused parts at the apex. Among them two medial ones are styles capped with stigmas, and two lateral ones are protrusions from valves. The gynoecium with unfused apex in leunig arises as a unit from a basal meristematic zone, suggesting that LEUNIG is required for normal congenital gynoecium fusion. The epidermal cells on growing inner surfaces of leunig gynoecium failed to fuse after they contact each other, indicating that LEUNIG is essential for the proper postgenital fusion. The epidermal cells at the very distal portion of protruded valves mimic those on wild‐type styles, and those valves occasionally also have stigma‐like tissues, indicating that LEUNIG function is required for the valve identity determination. We have also analyzed clavata1‐4 leunig‐101, clavata2‐1 lug‐101, fruitfull‐1 leunig‐101, and pinoid‐1 leunig‐101 double mutants. clavata1‐4 leunig‐101 and clavata2‐1 leunig‐101 exhibited additive phenotypes of single mutants, suggesting that LEUNIG and CLAVATA genes function in different pathways. In contrast, FRUITFULL and PINOID genes interact with LEUNIG to regulate gynoecium development. genesis 26:42–54, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LIFE EXPERIENCE WITH INFERTILITY, A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Introduction: In most cultures, fertility has a great social value and parenting aones own biological child is considered the most basic motive in the process of human life. On the other hand, infertility could lead to a destructive emotional experience. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80 million people in the world live with infertility. Infertility has a negative influence on the lives of both genders and predisposes them to emotional and psychological burdens. Physical, mental and economic challenges may affect young couples during infertility treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the in-depth life experience of infertile couples. Materials and Methods: This qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted on 11 purposively selected couples attending the outpatient department of Reproductive Health Research Center at Taleqani Hospital on August-December 2008. The interviews were carried out to explore life experiences of the infertile couples who were under infertility treatment process. The data were generated from taped interviews and the researchers' observational field notes. The data were analyzed according to the procedure outlined by Colaizzi. Results: Interviews were categorized by examining the participants' interview transcripts and identifying significant statements and meanings. Themes emerging from the statements were identified, and cross-case comparisons were made to confirm or modify them. Six key themes followed by eleven sub-themes emerged from the data. The results showed that infertility, affects emotional and sexual relationships of infertile couples. The couples′ relationship with family members and relatives is affected when they realize about their problem. Sometimes the infertile couples resort to unusual and non-medical treatment options when their expectations form the medical team are not met. Conclusion: Thematically, infertility could deeply affect infertile couples' entire life. More widespread use of midwifery and psychological counseling services at infertility treatment centers seem to be of help to infertile couples and their relatives.
Nebulin, a major player in muscle health and disease

Nebulin is a giant 600‐ to 900‐kDa filamentous protein that is an integral component of the skeletal muscle thin filament. Its functions have remained largely nebulous because of its large size and the difficulty in extracting nebulin in a native state from muscle. Recent improvements in the field, especially the development of knockout mouse models deficient in nebulin (NEB‐KO mice), indicate now that nebulin performs a surprisingly wide range of functions. In addition to a major role in thin‐filament length specification, nebulin also functions in the regulation of muscle contraction, as indicated by the findings that muscle fibers deficient in nebulin have a higher tension cost, and develop less force due to reduced myofilament calcium sensitivity and altered crossbridge cycling kinetics. In addition, the function of nebulin extends to a role in calcium homeostasis. These novel functions indicate that nebulin might have evolved in vertebrate skeletal muscles to develop high levels of muscle force efficiently. Finally, the NEB‐KO mouse models also highlight the role of nebulin in the assembly and alignment of the Z disks. Notably, rapid progress in understanding the roles of nebulin in vivo provides clinically important insights into how nebulin deficiency in patients with nemaline myopathy contributes to debilitating muscle weakness. —Labeit, S. , Ottenheijm, C. A. C. , Granzier, H. Nebulin, a major player in muscle health and disease. FASEB J. 25, 822–829 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Intramyocardial oxygen tension.

Quantitative intramyocardial oxygen tension measurements were made in 16 anaesthetized dogs using a polarographic technique. In the resting state, an oxygen tension gradient exists across the wall of the left ventricle, with a significantly lower oxygen tension in the subendocardium than the subepicardium.
E-learning acceptance: Technological key factors for successful students’ engagement in E-learning system

- The benefits derived from the E-learning system will not be achieved if the students do not accept and participate effectively in their university’s E-learning systems. The technological factors appear to have a significant influence in making the system usage perceived as useful, functional, interactive and easy to use (Palloff & Pratt, 1999; Selim, 2003; Pituch & Lee, 2006). Thus, the technological factors that are related to E-learning system need further investigation regarding its significant influence on the students’ acceptance of E-learning in higher education environment particularly in Saudi Arabian universities. By reason of a broad global attention given to E-learning and its related challenges, various studies had been conducted by academe, different organizations as well as the government of various nations (Rosenberg, 2001). Saudi Arabian universities are among those universities that implement and promote using E-learning systems. However, recent research indicated that majority of students in Saudi Arabian universities are still unwilling to use online system (Al-Jarf, 2007, Alenezi, et.al.,2011). Therefore, many factors need to be investigated in order to enhance the students' acceptance and usage to use E-learning tools and participate effectively in their courses using the specific Learning Management systems (LMS) in each university. The current study has extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the effects of System Performance (SP), System Functionality (SF), System Response (SR) and System Interactivity (SI) on students’ acceptance of E-learning. The mediating effects of Attitude in the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and the students' acceptance was significantly confirmed.
Anxiety Levels of Short and Long Sleepers

As a test of the hypothesis that consistent short sleepers tend to be non-worriers while consistent long sleepers tend to worry, the anxiety levels of 17 short and 17 long sleepers were compared. Contrary to this hypothesis, we found that short sleepers showed significantly higher levels of anxiety than long sleepers.
Cocaine and Cognition: A Systematic Quantitative Review

Background:Cocaine use disorder is associated with cognitive deficits. However, the literature remains somewhat ambiguous with respect to which distinct cognitive functions are the most impaired in cocaine use disorder and to how duration of abstinence affects cognitive recovery. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the cognitive domains impaired in cocaine abuse/dependence and the duration of abstinence necessary to achieve cognitive recovery. Methods:A literature search yielded 46 studies that assessed cognitive dysfunction in subjects with cocaine abuse/dependence. Effect-size estimates were calculated using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2, for the following 11 cognitive domains: attention, executive functions, impulsivity, speed of processing, verbal fluency/language, verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, visuospatial abilities, and working memory. Within these 11 domains, effect-size estimates were calculated on the basis of abstinence duration: short- (positive for drugs urine screening), intermediate- (⩽12 weeks), and long-term (≥20 weeks) abstinence. Results:Findings revealed moderate impairment across 8 cognitive domains during intermediate abstinence. The most impaired domains were attention, impulsivity, verbal learning/memory, and working memory. For some domains (attention, speed of processing, and verbal learning/memory), impairments were smaller during short-term abstinence than during intermediate abstinence. Finally, small effect-size estimates were found for long-term abstinence. Discussion:These results suggest significant impairment across multiple cognitive domains in cocaine abusers, and that some of these deficits may be partially masked by the residual or acute withdrawal effects of cocaine. Cognitive dysfunctions remain stable during the first months of abstinence and may abate after 5 months of sobriety.
Symptomatic versus asymptomatic endolymphatic hydrops: A histopathologic comparison

One of the unanswered questions in Meniere's disease research is the pathophysiology by which the classic symptoms are produced. A histopathological study was undertaken to identify the pathological features of symptomatic endolymphatic hydrops and their relationship to these symptoms. Two groups of temporal bones were examined, compared, and described. The first group was from patients with symptoms of Meniere's disease (n = 29). Temporal bones in the second group were chosen for the presence of endolymphatic hydrops and the absence of otologic symptoms (n = 13). Significant differences were noted in the severity of hydrops, the frequency of membrane ruptures, the endolymphatic duct, and coexistent pathologic conditions. Ruptures were seen in 38% of temporal bones from symptomatic patients and in only 8% of temporal bones from patients with asymptomatic endolymphatic hydrops. Based on this study and a review of the literature, the authors believe that the symptoms and findings of Meniere's disease are explained best on the basis of both chemical and physical mechanisms being operational intermittently and together.
Cost-Per-Click Pricing for Display Advertising

Display advertising is a $25 billion business with a promising upward revenue trend. In this paper, we consider an online display advertising setting in which a web publisher posts display ads on its website and charges based on the cost-per-click (CPC) pricing scheme while promising to deliver a certain number of clicks to the ads posted. The publisher is faced with uncertain demand for advertising slots and uncertain traffic to its website as well as uncertain click behavior of visitors. We formulate the problem as a novel queueing system, where the slots correspond to service channels with the service rate of each server inversely related to the number of active servers. We obtain the closed-form solution for the steady-state probabilities of the number of ads in the publisher's system. We determine the publisher's optimal price to charge per click and show that it can increase in the number of advertising slots and the number of promised clicks. We show that the common heuristic used by many web publishers to convert between the cost-per-click and cost-per-impression pricing schemes using the so-called click-through-rate can be misleading as it may incur web publishers substantial revenue loss. We provide an alternative explanation for the phenomenon observed by several publishers that the click-through-rate tends to drop when they switch from the cost-per-click to cost-per-impression pricing scheme.
Burnout in psychiatric nursing.

INTRODUCTION Burnout in nursing is of both individual and organizational concern with ramifications for well-being, job performance, absenteeism and turnover. Burnout is rarely assessed as part of a comprehensive model of occupational stress, a short-coming which this paper attempts to redress. METHOD A randomly selected sample of 510 psychiatric nurses from one Scottish Trust completed a questionnaire based on a psychological model of occupational stress which included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) as the dependent variable. FINDINGS The respondents reported average, low and average levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment, respectively. The study sample had significantly lower scores on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization than normative data but also significantly lower levels of personal accomplishment than a normative group of physicians and nurses. Only 2.0% of the study sample could be categorized as having high burnout overall (i.e. high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, low personal accomplishment) and they differed significantly from the rest only in terms of males being over-represented. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that selected explanatory variables accounted for 41.9% of emotional exhaustion, 16.4% of depersonalization and 25.6% of personal accomplishment in the study sample. IMPLICATIONS The paper discusses the implications of the findings in terms of a comprehensive approach to intervention aimed at minimizing the risk of burnout in psychiatric nurses. Such an approach will involve interventions at the organizational and individual level.
Use of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy to image extrahepatic metastases of neuroendocrine tumors.

BACKGROUND The presence of lymph node metastases significantly influences the modality of treatment in patients with liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (Octreo-Scan, Mallinckrodt-Diagnostica, Petten, the Netherlands) is a method for localization and staging NET. The aim of our prospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the identification of extrahepatic tumor spread. METHODS Thirty-five patients with liver metastases of NET were studied over a 5-year period. The presence of NET was confirmed histologically in all cases. To detect extrahepatic metastases or local tumor recurrence, conventional imaging techniques and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy were carried out. RESULTS In correlation with the findings of conventional imaging methods, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy confirmed liver metastases in all patients. Additionally, 19 of 35 patients (54.2%) had extrahepatic tumor lesions not detected by other imaging techniques. Of those, 15 had extensive abdominal or thoracic lymph node metastases, 3 patients had bone metastases, and in 1 patient with bronchial carcinoid local tumor recurrence was detected. All 19 patients were excluded from further evaluation for liver resection or transplantation and subjected to conservative treatment. The somatostatin receptor scintigraphy sensitivity, confirmed at the time of operation, was 91.6%. In 1 patient, in whom cluster transplantation was performed, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy failed to disclose disseminated carcinosis of the pleural cavity, detected at autopsy (false-negative rate 8.3%). CONCLUSION In our experience, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy provides a highly sensitive diagnostic method to localize metastases of NET. We recommend somatostatin receptor scintigraphy before liver surgery in every patient with hepatic metastases of NET to identify candidates suitable for resection.
A FOLLOW‐UP STUDY OF CHILDREN WITH ASTHMATOID BRONCHITIS I. Skin Test Reactions and IgE Antibodies to Common Allergens

Eighty‐one children, 2–66 months old, with asthmatoid bronchitis were followed for 15–40 months (mean 31 months). The children were physically examined 3–4 times a year. Blood samples were taken on these occasions. Skin prick tests were done at the beginning and at the end of the investigation period. Antibodies of the IgE class, as measured by RAST, were found against animal danders, pollens or house dust in 5 children at the first examination and during the follow‐up period in another 5 children. Strongly positive prick test reactions were accompanied by a positive RAST in 86%, smaller wheals less frequently. IgE antibodies to egg white or cow's milk were found in 26 children, in many cases during the first year of life and occasionally as early as at the age of 3 months. As the children grew older the titres decreased and the antibodies seemed to be of clinical importance only in a few cases with high titres to the egg white extract. In contrast, IgE antibodies to animal danders were not detected until 11/2 years of age and those to pollen not until 3 years of age. These antibodies showed increasing titres with time and they seemed to be of clinical importance in all but a few cases with very low titres.
Bandwidth, SAR, and efficiency of internal mobile phone antennas

This paper presents a thorough investigation into the effects of several phone chassis-related parameters-length, width, thickness, and distance between the head and phone-on the bandwidth, efficiency, and specific absorption rate (SAR) characteristics of internal mobile phone antennas. The studied antenna-chassis combinations are located beside an anatomical head model in a position of actual handset use. The effect of the user's hand is also studied with two different hand models. The main part of the study is based on FDTD simulations, but also experimental results, which support the computationally obtained conclusions, are given. The presented analysis provides novel and useful information for future design of mobile handset antennas. The results show the general trends of bandwidth, SAR, and efficiency with different chassis parameters. The results also reveal a connection between these three performance parameters: an increase in SARs and a decrease in radiation efficiency occur compared to the general trend when the bandwidth reaches its maximum. This happens when the resonant frequency of the chassis equals that of the antenna.
Dual Processing of Open- and Closed-Class Words

A series of articles in the past two decades has suggested differential processing of open- and closed-class lexical items by normal adults. Difficulties in replicating a crucial study (Bradley, 1978), however, have weakened the dual route hypothesis. We matched 16 French open-class items to 16 closed-class items for phonological structure, world length, and relative word frequency. Three agrammatic aphasics revealed strikingly more phonological errors on closed-class than open-class items. Dysfluencies were greater on closed-class items and contributed to greater overall reading time for the closed-class words, consistent with a two-route model for the production of closed- and open-class lexical items in Broca's aphasics and, thus, normals.
MPEG coding for variable bit rate video transmission

For real-time transmission of broadcast-quality video on ATM-based B-ISDN, the intraframe to interframe ratio and the quantizer scale are two key parameters that can be used to control a video source in a network environment. Their impact on the traffic characteristics of the coder provides insights into the cell arrival process for an MPEG source. The authors obtain video source models for coders that utilize a standard algorithm that can be applied to a multitude of video services. The output stream of a video coder, which complies with the Motion Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) coding standard, is studied with an National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) quality video sequence as the input. Because the MPEG video coding algorithm has been proposed for a variety of applications, they also investigate the effect of changing the coding parameters on the statistics of interest. <<ETX>>