Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human-Chimpanzee Sympatry and Interactions in Cantanhez National Park, Guinea-Bissau: Current Research and Future Directions

Abstract: Increasing human populations and the rapid conversion of forest to agricultural land increase the likelihood of interactions and conflict between humans and nonhuman primates. Understanding such interactions requires a broad cross-disciplinary approach that assesses the implications of sympatry for primate conservation and human social, cultural and economic needs. Although chimpanzees were declared extinct in Guinea-Bissau in 1988, recent reports estimate that between 600 and 1,000 individuals are currently present, with the largest population occupying the Cantanhez National Park (105,700 ha; northeast limit: 11°22′58″N,14°46′12″W; southwest limit: 11°2′18″N,15°15′58″W). These heavily fragmented coastal forests have been identified as one of seven priority areas in West Africa for urgent chimpanzee conservation efforts (Kormos et al. 2003. West African Chimpanzees. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN, Gland. 2003). Here we set the context for human-chimpanzee sympatry in Guinea-Bissau, and provide a platform from which further studies can expand. We review past findings that might affect current and future sympatric relationships, and integrate preliminary data on resource competition from one hitherto unstudied chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) community inhabiting a forested-agricultural matrix in Caiquene and Cadique, central Cantanhez National Park. While local human cultural traditions provide a degree of tolerance and protection to chimpanzees in Cantanhez National Park, which is beneficial for long-term conservation initiatives, human-chimpanzee interactions have the potential to grow increasingly negative in character, especially as human populations expand and further pressure is exerted on the land.
Energy Dependence of Particle Ratios in High Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: A USTFM Approach

We study the identified particle ratios produced at mid-rapidity in heavy ion collisions, along with their correlations with the collision energy. We employ our earlier proposed Unified Statistical Thermal Freeze-out Model (USTFM), which incorporates the effects of both longitudinal as well as transverse hydrodynamic flow in the hot hadronic system. A fair agreement seen between the experimental data and our model results confirms that the particle production in these collisions is of statistical nature. The variation of the chemical freeze-out temperature and the baryon chemical potential with respect to collision energies is studied. The chemical freeze-out temperature is found to be almost constant beyond the RHIC energy and is found to be close to the QCD predicted phase transition temperature suggesting that the chemical freeze-out occurs soon after the hadronization takes place. The vanishing value of chemical potential at LHC indicates very high degree of nuclear transparency in the collision.
Deficient Reasoning for Dark Matter in Galaxies

In this universe, not all of the matter around us can be readily seen. The further an object is away from us and the less luminous it is, the less visible it becomes. Just by looking at an object is usually dicult, if not impossible, to tell the amount of mass it contains. But astronomers have been using the measured luminosity to estimate the luminous mass of stars, based on empirically established mass-to-light ratio which seems to be only applicable to a special class of stars|the main-sequence stars|with still considerable uncertainties. Another basic tool for astronomers to determine the mass of a system of stars or galaxies comes from the study of their motion, as Newton demonstrated with his law of gravitation, which yields the gravitational mass. Because the luminous mass can at best only represent a portion of the gravitational mass, nding the luminous mass to be dierent or less than the gravitational mass should not be surprising. Using such an apparent discrepancy as compelling evidence for the so-called dark matter, which has been believed to possess mysterious nonbaryonic properties having a dominant amount in galaxies and the universe, seems to be too far a stretch when seriously examining the facts and uncertainties in the measurement techniques. In our opinion, a galaxy with star type distribution varying from its center to edge may have a mass-to-light ratio varying accordingly. With the thin-disk model computations based on measured rotation curves, we found that most galaxies have a typical mass density prole that peaks at the galactic center and decreases rapidly within 5% of the cut-o radius, and then declines nearly exponentially toward the edge. The predicted mass density in the Galactic disk is reasonably within the reported range of that observed in interstellar medium. This leads us to believe that ordinary baryonic matter can be sucient for supporting the observed galactic rotation curves; speculation of large amount of non-baryonic matter may be based on an ill-conceived discrepancy between gravitational mass and luminous mass which appears to be unjustied.
A Meta-analtyic Review Of Aerobic Exercise as a Treatment for Migraine Headaches

Migraine headaches affect a sizeable portion of the population. Treatments for migraine headaches can be costly and complicated to follow. Aerobic exercise can be designed to be simple and cost-effective. It is thought to be effective in the treatment of migraine headaches because it can improve both physiological and psychological functioning. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of aerobic exercise as a treatment for migraine headaches in order to determine: (1) the overall effectiveness of aerobic exercise in the treatment of migraine headaches; (2) how well aerobic exercise as a treatment maintains effectiveness at follow-up measures. Of the eight studies identified for inclusion in this meta-analysis, only six contained the necessary quantitative data for the calculation of effect sizes. Summary analysis revealed a negligible effect size. In three ofthe six studies included in this meta-analysis researchers reported follow-up data; information necessary for the calculation of effect sizes was only available in two of the studies. Summary analysis revealed a small effect size. Implications of results, limitations of the current study, and directions for future research are discussed. Degree Type Dissertation Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/41 Copyright and terms of use If you have downloaded this document directly from the web or from CommonKnowledge, see the “Rights” section on the previous page for the terms of use. If you have received this document through an interlibrary loan/document delivery service, the following terms of use apply: Copyright in this work is held by the author(s). You may download or print any portion of this document for personal use only, or for any use that is allowed by fair use (Title 17, §107 U.S.C.). Except for personal or fair use, you or your borrowing library may not reproduce, remix, republish, post, transmit, or distribute this document, or any portion thereof, without the permission of the copyright owner. [Note: If this document is licensed under a Creative Commons license (see “Rights” on the previous page) which allows broader usage rights, your use is governed by the terms of that license. ] Inquiries regarding further use of these materials should be addressed to: CommonKnowledge Rights, Pacific University Library, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, (503) 352-7209. Email inquiries may be directed to:. copyright@pacificu.edu This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/41 A. :META-ANAL YTIC REVIEW OF AEROBIC EXERCISE AS A TREATMENT FOR MIGRAINE HEADACHES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY PACIFIC UNIVERSITY ,-. HILLSBORO, OR BY . A.MANDA J. RAGONESI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF TIffi REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY JULy 27, 2007 ,4che~~ PROFESSSORANDnE'AN: . ~ /~. '~ . AffiJl'~ ~D. , ~.
Strain specific: microbial strains involved in gut-brain signaling

ability in the U.S (USBDC, 2013), the importance of this research cannot be overstated. Although the blueprint outlining the microbial role within gut-brain axis regulation is far from maturation, the current understanding is that certain microbial strains are able to induce measurable neurologic and behavioral effect through the modulation of inflammatory response, neurochemical concentration, barrier-integrity, and interaction with the vagus nerve. In order to understand, and potentially utilize these microbial capabilities, it is essential to distinguish between which microbes are inducing behavioral and or neurologic effect, and which pathway each microbe is using to do so. The complexity of this task resides in the significant microbial distinction expressed not only on a species level, but amongst microbial strains (Greenblum, Rogan, & Borenstein, 2015). Among the more than 7,000 microbial strains (Ley, Peterson, & Gordon, 2006), majority have not demonstrated direct behavioral or neurologic effect. The collection of strains that have been shown to induce measurable neurologic and behavioral manipulation belong to one of the three genus types Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides (Mayer, Knight, Mazmanian, Cryan, & Tillisch, 2014). Amongst these genus types, a plethora of biologic and behavioral variances have been expressed on both a species and strain level. While variation across differing genus and species type is expected, differences expressed between microbial strains belonging to the same genus and species type is a surprising find in light of the genomic similarity expressed between them. Further investigation into these microbial variances can explain questions such as why, despite genomic similarities, only certain microbial strains are able to induce behavioral and neurologic effect. Why INTRODUCTION Despite the myriad of pills and procedures aiming to treat psychiatric abnormalities and conditions, there is still much to be discovered about the brain. Fortunately, exploration into the effect upon commensal microbiota within behavioral and neurologic regulation has created a path in which to further decode and explore this enigmatic terrain. Recent in vitro and in vivo experimentation has demonstrated microbial influence within complex emotive states such as depression, chronic stress, anxiety, and psychiatric disorder (Bailey et al., 2011; Bercik et al., 2010; Maes, Kubera, Leunis, & Berk, 2012; Rook & Lowry, 2008). While this field is emerging and many mechanistic factors facilitating the microbial influence within gut-brain axis regulation have yet to be identified, the work done thus far suggest a future in which the brain can be indirectly targeted for therapeutic benefit through manipulation of commensal microbiota (Clarke et al., 2014; Cryan & Dinan, 2012). At a time when neuropsychiatric disorders are the leading cause of disStrain Specific: Microbial Strains Involved in Gut-Brain Signaling
Prograde muscovite-rich pseudomorphs as indicators of conditions during metamorphism: An example from NW Maine

Abstract During metamorphism, evidence of the prograde path is commonly obliterated by continued recrystallization as temperatures increase. However, prograde pseudomorphs that are common in many terrains may provide insight into this portion of the metamorphic path if their mineralogy can be accurately interpreted. Seventeen sillimanite-zone metapelitic samples, each containing 2-5 muscovite-rich pseudomorphs, from the Farmington Quadrangle, Maine, U.S.A. , were investigated to evaluate their use as indicators of conditions during prograde metamorphism. SEM-CL images, X-ray maps, image analysis, and electron microprobe analyses characterize the mineral distribution, modes, and compositions within the pseudomorph and the surrounding matrix. Based on modal mineralogy determined from image analyses, the muscovite-rich pseudomorphs are divided into four major types: muscovite-rich (>70% muscovite), quartz-muscovite (60-70% muscovite with 10-25% quartz), plagioclase-muscovite (58-72% muscovite with 10-20% plagioclase), and sillimaniteplagioclase- muscovite (50-60% muscovite with 10-20% each plagioclase and sillimanite). A biotiterich, muscovite-poor mantle surrounds many pseudomorphs. All pseudomorphs are interpreted to be prograde, based on their texture, and are after staurolite because of the partial replacement of staurolite by coarse muscovite at lower grades. Textural modeling of reaction mechanisms required to reproduce the observed mineralogy in the pseudomorphs indicates that each major pseudomorph type holds clues to the prograde path and represents a different mechanism of formation. Muscovite-rich and quartz-muscovite pseudomorphs formed by the breakdown of staurolite containing different modal amounts of poikiloblastic quartz. Quartz-muscovite pseudomorphs likely reflect a quartz-rich initial rock composition. Plagioclasemuscovite pseudomorphs require the infiltration of Na-bearing fluids. Sillimanite-plagioclase-muscovite pseudomorphs require a two-stage process; the infiltration of Na-rich fluids during staurolite breakdown followed by sillimanite growth. The subtle mineralogical differences recorded in the pseudomorphs studied here provide evidence of previously unrecognized controls along the prograde path during metamorphism.
How the 52-week high and low affect beta and volatility

We provide a new perspective on stock price behavior around 52-week highs and lows. Instead of focusing on noisy measurements of abnormal returns (alpha), our main focus is to analyze whether a stock’s beta, return volatility and option-implied volatility change (i) when stock prices approach their 52-week high or low, and (ii) when stock prices break through these highs or lows. We …nd that betas and volatilities decrease when approaching a high or low, and that volatilities increase after breakthroughs. The
CH4 sources estimated from atmospheric observations of CH4 and its 13C/12C isotopic ratios: 2. Inverse modeling of CH4 fluxes from geographical regions

We present a time‐dependent inverse modeling approach to estimate the magnitude of CH4 emissions and the average isotopic signature of the combined source processes from geographical regions based on the observed spatiotemporal distribution of CH4 and 13C/12C isotopic ratios in CH4. The inverse estimates of the isotopic signature of the sources are used to partition the regional source estimates into three groups of source processes based on their isotopic signatures. Compared with bottom‐up estimates, the inverse estimates call for larger CH4 fluxes in the tropics (266 ± 25 Tg CH4/yr) and southern extratropics (98 ± 15 Tg CH4/yr) and reduced fluxes in the northern extratropics (252 ± 18 Tg CH4/yr). The observations of 13C/12C isotopic ratios in CH4 indicate that the large a posteriori CH4 source in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere is attributable to a combination both bacterial sources and biomass burning and support relatively low estimates of fossil CH4 emissions.
A NEW MARKETING SEGMENTATION APPROACH BASED ON MARGINAL INDIVIDUAL UTILITIES: APPLYING CRM IS NOT A CHIMERA ANYMORE *

In the advent of Customer Relationship Management, a more accurate profile of the consumer is needed. The objective of this paper is to show the usefulness of knowing consumer? s complete utility function through his/her marginal utilities. This approach allows one to form groups of individuals with similar preferences (as traditional segmentation methods do) and to treat them individually (which represents an advance). The empirical application is carried out, on a sample of 2,127 individuals, in the context of tourism, where the customer relationship management philosophy is gaining more and more relevance. Con la llegada de la Gestion Relacional del Cliente, las organizaciones requieren un perfil del consumidor mas preciso. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en proponer una segmentacion apoyada en las utilidades marginales de las funciones de utilidad completas de cada individuo. Este enfoque permite formar grupos de individuos con preferencias similares (como los procedimientos habituales de segmentacion) y tambien tratarlos de forma individual (lo que representa una novedad). La aplicacion empirica se desarrolla en una muestra de 2.127 individuos en el contexto turistico, donde la filosifia de la gestion relacional del cliente esta cobrando cada vez mayor importancia.
Dynamical history of the Local Group in ΛCDM

The positions and velocities of galaxies in the Local Group (LG) measure the gravitational field within it. This is mostly due to the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31). We constrain their masses using distance and radial velocity (RV) measurements of 32 LG galaxies. To do this, we follow the trajectories of many simulated particles starting on a pure Hubble flow at redshift 9. For each observed galaxy, we obtain a trajectory which today is at the same position. Its final velocity is the model prediction for the velocity of that galaxy. Unlike previous simulations based on spherical symmetry, ours are axisymmetric and include gravity from Centaurus A. We find the total LG mass is ${4.33^{+0.37}_{-0.32}\times{10}^{12}M_\odot}$, with $0.14 \pm 0.07$ of this being in the MW. We approximately account for IC 342, M81, the Great Attractor and the Large Magellanic Cloud. No plausible set of initial conditions yields a good match to the RVs of our sample of LG galaxies. Observed RVs systematically exceed those predicted by the best-fitting $\Lambda$CDM model, with a typical disagreement of ${45.1^{+7.0}_{-5.7}}$ km/s and a maximum of ${110 \pm 13}$ km/s for DDO 99. Interactions between LG dwarf galaxies can't easily explain this. One possibility is a past close flyby of the MW and M31. This arises in some modified gravity theories but not in $\Lambda$CDM. Gravitational slingshot encounters of material in the LG with either of these massive fast-moving galaxies could plausibly explain why some non-satellite LG galaxies are moving away from us even faster than a pure Hubble flow.
PCDD/F Dioxin Profile of Treated Pinus pinaster Wood

This work describes the treatment of Pinus pinaster wood with four different industrial wood preservatives (two anti-bluing or fungicide and two fungicide/pesticide) and the detection and quantification of the dioxin contamination profile in the wood shavings. The samples were collected from poultry liters during three contamination incidents of poultry meat. Two methods used were, both nonpressure: one by immersing the wood samples in the preservative solution and the other by impregnation of the preservative solution into the wood, with vacuum. It was concluded that there is no difference in terms of contamination profile, caused by the different industrial wood treatment preservative products in study. A clear correlation between the commercial products used in wood treatment and the contamination profile of wood shavings that have been used as bedding material in poultry production was detected.
Integrative motivation and global language (English) acquisition in Poland

This study investigated the consistency of a measure of integrative motivation in the prediction of achievement in English as a foreign language in 18 samples of Polish school students. The results are shown to have implications for concerns expressed that integrative motivation might not be appropriate to the acquisition of English because it is a global language and moreover that other factors such as the gender of the student or the environment of the class might also influence its predictability. Results of a hierarchical linear modeling analysis indicated that for the older samples, integrative motivation was a consistent predictor of grades in English, unaffected by either the gender of the student or class environment acting as covariates. Comparable results were obtained for the younger samples except that student gender also contributed to the prediction of grades in English. Examination of the correlations of the elements of the integrative motivation score with English grades demonstrated that the aggregate score is the more consistent correlate from sample to sample than the elements themselves. Such results lead to the hypothesis that integrative motivation is a multi-dimensional construct and different aspects of the motivational complex come into play for each individual. That is, two individuals can hold the same level of integrative motivation and thus attain the same level of achievement but one might be higher in some elements and lower in others than another individual, resulting in consistent correlations of the aggregate but less so for the elements.
Using Paired Reading To Help ESL Students Become Fluent and Accurate Readers.

Many ESL students with limited English proficiency (LEP) struggle with reading fluency and accuracy. For these students to experience school success, educators must find ways to help them master such reading skills. This study investigated the effects of paired reading on reading fluency and reading accuracy of four ESL students with LEP. Using a single-subject research design, the study paired the students with a skilled reader and examined students' reading performances under different controlled conditions. The results of the study showed that all four students benefited from the paired reading intervention and demonstrated steady improvement in reading fluency and accuracy. This finding indicates that paired reading can serve as a useful instructional alternative to facilitate ESL students in learning to read in English.
An optimal Poincare inequality in L^1 for convex domains

For convex domains Ω C R n with diameter d we prove ∥u∥ L 1 (ω) ≤ d 2 ∥⊇ u ∥ L 1 (ω) for any u with zero mean value on w. We also show that the constant 1/2 in this inequality is optimal.
CAN THE CEO CHURNING PROBLEM BE FIXED? LESSONS FROM COMPLEXITY SCIENCE, JACK WELCH & AIDS

CEO dismissals increased dramatically in the 1990's. Observers point to failing top management, dysfunctional Boards, and a changing economy, to name a few. After reviewing the literature attempting to explain the tremendous rise in CEO dismissals, we argue that it reflects a period of transition in the U.S. economy. Firms have struggled to respond to fundamental changes in the economy that have increased competition and economic uncertainty. Building from Ashby's Law of Requisite Variety, we suggest that responding to the current environment requires "creating requisite complexity" inside firms. To do this we take lessons from complexity science and Jack Welch. We present twelve actions that collectively, like the AIDS cocktail, act to foster requisite complexity inside firms and consequently, requisite complexity and efficacious adaptation.