Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell replacement and changing transport function in the neonatal pig colon.

1. Measurements of intracellular methionine concentration in pig colon, following in vitro incubation in methionine containine medium, have been carried out during the first 10 days of post‐natal life. 2. The new‐born pig colon concentrates methionine within its mucosa. Autoradiography of 3H‐labelled phenylalanine shows it to be accumulated to greatest extent in cells located in the surface epithelium. 3. The ability of the colonic mucosa to concentrate methionine disappears during the first few days of post‐natal life. 4. Radioactive thymidine, injected at birth, shows cell mitosis to be confined to the lower third of each colonic crypt. Labelled cells later migrate out of the crypts on to the surface epithelium. The cell replacement time is 105 h. 5. The time course for the fall in the ability of the pig colon to actively accumulate methionine corresponds to that predicted if cells synthesized from birth were unable to transport this amino acid. 6. The ability of the new‐born pig colon to transport amino acids, though transient, may be physiologically important. The nature of the signal which changes the physiological function of cells synthesized post‐natally remains to be determined.
The innervation of the knee joint. An anatomical and histological study in the cat.

The subject of articular neurology has been neglected in contemporary anatomy, physiology and clinical surgery (Barnett, Davies & MacConaill, 1961). For this reason, a systematic study of the general field of articular neurology has been undertaken; and as interpretation of experimental studies of any aspect of articular neurology is dependent upon precise knowledge of the innervation of the joint being studied, this investigation was carried out to provide information on the cat's knee joint. Previous attempts at a comprehensive study of the innervation of the cat's knee joint are by Gardner (1944) and Skoglund (1956): more limited studies have been reported by Sasaoka (1939a, b), Samuel (1949, 1952), Andrew & Dodt (1953), Boyd & Roberts (1953), Andrew (1954), Boyd (1954), Cohen (1955) and Fidel'-Osipova, Yemets & Burichenko (1961). This paper describes the extrinsic nerve supply of the cat's knee joint, the principal morphological characteristics of the variety of articular nerve endings innervated therefrom, and their distribution within the individual tissues of the joint. Preliminary accounts of some of this work have already been give by Wyke (1961, 1966) and Freeman & Wyke (1963, 1966): and a comprehensive review of the relevant literature is provided in Wyke (1967).
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and Determinants among Patients Treated in Hospitals in Imo State, Nigeria

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a highly feared disease, known for centuries to affect, debilitate, impoverish large sections of the population and continues to ravage the world and especially the developing world. TB is curable and its effective treatment has shown a significant effect on the control of the disease. Methodology: This was a retrospective hospital based study carried out on records of 1025 TB cases, treated from 2009-2012 cohorts. A structured proforma was used to collect information from the TB registers, individual cards and folder records of the patients. Data were analyzed using a software package, EPI INFO version 7.1. 3. Frequencies tables and summary indices were generated and chi-square was used to test association between variables where appropriate. P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most of the cases reviewed had pulmonary tuberculosis. 96.7% and majority (86.3%) of them had sputum smear positive results at diagnosis. Majority, 79.7% of the patients were new cases and the treatment outcome showed a total success rate of 81.4%, (cured, 46.3% and completed treatment, 35.1%), default, (9.8%), died (6.5%) and failed treatment (1.5%). Factors found to significantly affect treatment outcome in this study were; age, gender, educational status, religion, living with someone, treatment regimen, HIV status of patients and type of patient at presentation/diagnostic criteria, p < 0.05. Conclusion: The success rate recorded in this study was below the set target by WHO, thus there was a need to put in place appropriate measures to improve the outcome of TB treatment in Imo State, Nigeria.
A National Assessment of the Service, Support, and Housing Preferences by Persons with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Persons with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (PWCs) completed and returned by mail a brief survey of openand closed-ended items designed to assess their utilization and preferences for a variety of services. A total of 984 middle-aged adults diagnosed with Chronic Fatique Syndrome (CFS) from across North America returned the survey. During the past 12 months, many of these PWCs reported utilization of a primary care physician, gynecologist, CFS specialist, and self-help group to assist in their recoveryfrom CFS. Most PWCs believed it was important to educate both health-care practitioners and the general public about CFS. In terms of their desire for specific recovery needs, factor analysis of responses indicated that these PWCs preferred self-help/social support services and general advocacy services in the treatment of their illness. The implications of these results for developing rehabilitation programsforPWCs are discussed.
Inflammatory bowel diseases with onset in childhood. Clinical features, morbidity, and mortality in a regional cohort.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS In a geographically derived incidence cohort diagnosed from 1962 to 1987 we identified all patients with onset of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) before the age of 15 years, to describe the clinical course and to compare the course and prognosis with those of adult-onset IBD. RESULTS The mean incidence of IBD among children below 15 years was 2.2/10(5), 2.0 for ulcerative colitis (UC) and 0.2 for Crohn's disease (CD). At diagnosis children with UC had more extensive disease than adults (P < 0.05). Abdominal pain was also more frequent. The cumulative colectomy probability was 6% after 1 year and 29% after 20 years, not different from that of adults. More females underwent colectomy. With regard to disease activity, apart from the year of diagnosis 60-70% of UC patients were in remission in each of the first 10 years of disease; for CD about 50% were in remission. One patient with UC developed carcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Time between onset of UC and development of carcinoma was 12 years. For CD no differences in clinical appearance at diagnosis and course between children and adults were found in relationship to surgery. No deaths occurred among CD patients. Three CD patients were severely growth-retarded already at diagnosis. CONCLUSION The incidence of IBD is low in childhood. At diagnosis children with UC have more widespread disease than adults. Childhood-onset CD does not differ in clinical presentation, disease course, or prognosis from adult-onset CD. However, growth retardation is a problem among male CD patients.
Odontogenic tumors in Western India (Gujarat): analysis of 209 cases

Objective: Odontogenic tumors show a distinct geographic variation. In 2005 a new WHO classification was published which included odontogenic keratocyst as one of the odontogenic tumors, renaming it as a keratocystic odontogenic tumor. To our knowledge there are only few studies based on 2005 classification in Asian subcontinent. This study was done to determine the relative frequency of odontogenic tumors in Gujarat and compare it with reports from other parts of the world. Study Design: A retrospective study was designed. Necessary information was obtained from the records of the Oral Pathology Department, GDCH Ahmedabad. The histopathological diagnosis were re-evaluated according to the criteria of WHO histological classification 2005. Results: A total of 209 cases were reported in just a short span of 5-years. The most frequent histologic type was ameloblastoma 47.4%, followed by Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) 23.4%. Odontomas which are the most frequent odontogenic tumor in European and American subcontinent, accounted only 5.3% in this study. Conclusion: In India ameloblastoma and KCOT are the most frequent odontogenic tumors, thus supporting the distinct geographic variation of these rare tumors.
The Chemokine CCL5 as a Potential Prognostic Factor Predicting Disease Progression in Stage II Breast Cancer Patients

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of the chemokine CCL5, considered as a promalignancy factor in breast cancer, in predicting breast cancer progression and to evaluate its ability to strengthen the prognostic significance of other biomarkers. Experimental Design: The expression of CCL5, alone and in conjunction with estrogen receptor (ER)-α, ER-β, progesterone receptor (PR), and HER-2/neu (ErbB2), was determined in breast tumor cells by immunohistochemistry. The study included 142 breast cancer patients, including individuals in whom disease has progressed. Results: Using Cox proportional hazard models, univariate analysis suggested that, in stage I breast cancer patients, CCL5 was not a significant predictor of disease progression. In contrast, in stage II patients, the expression of CCL5 (CCL5+), the absence of ER-α (ER-α−), and the lack of PR expression (PR−) increased significantly the risk for disease progression (P = 0.0045, 0.0041, and 0.0107, respectively). The prognostic strength of CCL5, as well as of ER-α−, improved by combining them together (CCL5+/ER-α−: P = 0.0001), being highly evident in the stage IIA subgroup [CCL5+/ER-α− (P = 0.0003); ER-α− (P = 0.0315)]. In the stage II group as a whole, the combinations of CCL5−/ER-α+ and CCL5−/PR+ were highly correlated with an improved prognosis. Multivariate analysis indicated that, in stage II patients, ER-α and CCL5 were independent predictors of disease progression. Conclusions: CCL5 could be considered as a biomarker for disease progression in stage II breast cancer patients, with the CCL5+/ER-α− combination providing improved prediction of disease progression, primarily in the stage IIA subgroup.
Return to sports after stress fractures of the tibial diaphysis: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION This review aims to provide information on the time taken to resume sport following tibial diaphyseal stress fractures (TDSFs). SOURCES OF DATA A systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, Cochrane, Web of Science, PEDro, Sports Discus, Scopus and Google Scholar was performed using the keywords 'tibial', 'tibia', 'stress', 'fractures', 'athletes', 'sports', 'non-operative', 'conservative', 'operative' and 'return to sport'. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Twenty-seven studies were included: 16 reported specifically on anterior TDSFs and 5 on posterior TDSFs. The general principles were to primarily attempt non-operative management for all TDSFs and to consider operative intervention for anterior TDSFs that remained symptomatic after 3-6 months. Anterior TDSFs showed a prolonged return to sport. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The best time to return to sport and the optimal management modalities for TDSFs remain undefined. GROWING POINTS Management of TDSFs should include a full assessment of training methods, equipment and diet to modify pre-disposing factors. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Future prospective studies should aim to establish the optimal treatment modalities for TDSFs.
Differentiated Perceptions of Exertion: Part II. Relationship to Local and Central Physiological Responses

Differentiated ratings of perceived exertion in the legs and chest were compared to local and central physiological adjustments during sub-maximal cycle ergometer exercise. 50 male subjects performed three separate cycle ergometer tests. Power output was held constant at 840 kpm/min., while pedalling rate was randomly set at 40, 60, or 80 rpm. Differentiated reports of exertion from the legs were considered to be local signals and reports from the chest to be central signals. Ratings of exertion for the legs, chest and over-all body were each significantly higher at 40 rpm than 60 or 80 rpm. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, ventilation and respiratory rate were also higher at 40 rpm. Lactic acid, pH, and pCOs were similar between pedalling rates. Lactic acid did not operate differentially to influence local perceptual signals from the legs. Central measures of respiratory and aerobic metabolic adjustments were consistent with the more intense regional report of chest exertion at 40 rpm.
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA THESIS OR DISSERTATION FORMATTING TEMPLATE

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy VEGETATION ECOLOGY OF AN IMPOUNDED WETLAND: INFORMATION FOR LANDSCALE-LEVEL RESTORATION By Christa L. Zweig December 2008 Chair: Wiley Kitchens Major: Wildlife Ecology and Conservation The Florida Everglades, an area of global significance, is an example of an ecosystem whose original pattern and process have been irrevocably altered and is currently the focus of a landscape level restoration effort. Projects of this scope, if they are to achieve the intended restoration, require substantial information regarding ecological mechanisms that are poorly understood. We provide critical information for the restoration of the Everglades and a methodological approach that affords the opportunity to expand knowledge of wetland vegetation pattern beyond the scope of our study area. To address the issue of the non-linear success of wetlands, we develop a general, non-spatial S&T succession conceptual model, and apply the general framework by creating annotated succession/management models as hypotheses for use in impact analysis on a portion of an imperiled wetland. We consider the application of these theories, our S&T succession models, as a fraction of the framework for the Everglades and our understanding will only build with time. They are hypotheses for use in adaptive management as the restoration of the Everglades continues. These models represent the community response to hydrology and illustrate which hydrologic values—temporal or seasonal—are important to community structure. We also synthesize recent literature on ridge and slough landscape maintenance and suggest additional mechanisms. We
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome and various cardiometabolic risk factors in US children and adolescents based on assay-adjusted serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data from NHANES 2001-2006.

BACKGROUND The effect of assay drifts over time on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were not accounted for in previous national survey studies. Thus, previously reported associations between 25(OH)D with cardiometabolic risk factors using data from NHANES were likely over- or underestimated. Moreover, associations between serum 25(OH)D and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation are unclear in children. OBJECTIVE The relation between serum 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic risk factors in US children was investigated by using updated 25(OH)D data. DESIGN This study was based on newly updated serum 25(OH)D data, which were released by the National Center for Health Statistics in November 2010. Data from 3 cycles of NHANES (2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006) for 5867 adolescents, aged 12-19 y, were used to study the association, by multivariate-adjusted regression, between serum 25(OH)D and prevalence of MetSyn and several cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS The likelihood of having MetSyn was significantly higher in the first tertile of serum 25(OH)D than in the third tertile of 25(OH)D (odds ratio: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.65; P < 0.01). Waist circumference (P < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.01), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index (P = 0.001) were inversely related and HDL cholesterol (P < 0.0001) was directly related with serum 25(OH)D. No association was observed between 25(OH)D and C-reactive protein (P = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of assay-adjusted data, serum 25(OH)D was significantly associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors regardless of obesity. In children, given the negative outcomes associated with poor vitamin D status and MetSyn, consideration of vitamin D supplementation in reversing cardiometabolic risk factors appears to be warranted.
Effect of conical configuration of fixture on the maintenance of marginal bone level: preliminary results at 1 year of function.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate and to compare the effect of the conical neck design on marginal bone loss around the fixtures, when both implants were provided with micro-threads to the top of the fixture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two types of implant, one with a straight shape (S) and the other with a conical neck design (C) provided with a retentive element to the top of the fixture, were placed adjacent to each other in the partially edentulous areas of 12 patients. Bone loss around each implant was analyzed after 1 year of functional loading. The bone losses after loading were compared using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. RESULTS The mean marginal bone losses (S, 0.05 + or - 0.09 mm; C, 0.07 + or - 0.14 mm) were not statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.578). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference between conical and straight neck implants in terms of marginal bone loss after 1 year of loading.
Supply Voltage Dependent On-Chip Single-Event Transient Pulse Shape Measurements in 90-nm Bulk CMOS Under Alpha Irradiation

Direct on-chip pulse shape measurements of single-event transients (SETs) in a single inverter in 90-nm bulk CMOS have been performed at the microbeam facility at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany. Alpha particles with an energy of 8 MeV were used as projectiles, and the supply voltage dependence of the arising SETs was investigated. A strong dependence of the resulting pulse heights, widths, and shapes on the supply voltage could be observed.
SOME ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF THE CUCULIDAE AND THE MUSOPHAGIDAE

AND THE MUSOPHAGIDAE BY ANDREW J. BERGERl M OST authors have placed the African touracos (“plantain-eaters”) and the cosmopolitan cuckoos in a single order, the Cuculiformes or Cuculi (e.g., Mayr and Amadon, 1951, Wetmore, 1951). Bannerman (1933)) Moreau (1938,1958), Lowe (1943)) and Verheyen (1956a, 19563)) however, believed that the touracos deserve ordinal rank, the Musophagiformes. I agree with these authors but not for some of the reasons they cite. I have been interested in the anatomy and relationships of these two groups of birds for over a decade, but it now seems unlikely that it will be feasible to continue this work. Consequently, I have decided to publish certain information which, although still very incomplete, may prove useful to other investigators. The complete appendicular myology of a touraco apparently has never been described. My plan, therefore, is to describe this musculature for Tauraco leucotis donaldsoni (“Turacus donaldsoni”) and then to compare the myology, osteology, and pterylosis of this touraco with that of the cuckoos. Such a comparison can not be made properly without also analyzing differences in morphology within the family Cuculidae. This paper is based on the dissection of one or more specimens of the following genera and species of cuckoos: Carpococcyx radiceus, Centropus bengalensis, C. superciliosus, C eu th mochares aereus, Chrysococcyx cupreus, Ch. (“Lampromorpha”) klaa s and caprius, Ch. (“Chalcites”) basalis, Clamator jacobinus, Coccyzus americanus, C. erythropthalmus, Coua serriuna, C. reynaudii, C. ruficeps, C. cristata, C. caerulea, Crotophaga sulcirostris, Cuculus canorus and sp. , Dromococcyx pavoninus, Geococcyx californianus, Guira guira, Morococcyx erythropygus, Piuya cayana, Phuenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus, Saurothera merlini, Surniculus lugubris, Tapera naevia. These I8 genera represent less than half of the 38 genera recognized by Peters (1940)) although several of his genera have been suppressed by later workers (e.g., Mayr, 1944; Delacour and Mayr, 1945; Delacour, 1946; Berger, 19553). Consequently, it must be borne in mind that conclusions and generalizations presented here may have to be altered when data become available on the remaining genera of cuckoos. As a matter of convenience for other workers, I have, by and large, used Peters’ genera and species of cuckoos. I do this in part because I do not agree with those who propose that it is not necessary to examine the internal anatomy of a given species merely because an earlier genus has been suppressed and its contained species have been placed in some other genus. Evidence presented here certainly casts doubt on the wisdom of
Ex vivo expansion of conjunctival and limbal epithelial cells using cord blood serum-supplemented culture medium.

PURPOSE Conventional cell culture methods use fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a growth supplement. The purpose of this study was to develop a xenobiotic-free culture system using umbilical cord blood serum (CBS) as an alternative growth supplement for the cultivation of human conjunctival and limbal epithelial cells. METHODS Human conjunctival and limbal epithelial cells were cultivated in varying concentrations of CBS-supplemented medium and compared with FBS-supplemented medium. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) ELISA proliferation assay, colony-forming efficiency (CFE), and a number of cell generations were analyzed. Cytokeratin expression of cultured cells was evaluated (K3, K4, K12, K13, K14, K15, K19, and PanCK). The authors compared the cytokine and growth factor levels in CBS, FBS, and adult serum using antibody array assays. RESULTS Conjunctival and limbal cells cultivated in 0.25% CBS- and 0.5% CBS-supplemented culture media demonstrated the highest proliferative capacity in terms of BrdU proliferation assay, CFE, and number of cell generations. These results were comparable to FBS-supplemented medium. Cultured epithelial cells retained their normal cytokeratin expression. Cytokines brain-derived neurotrophic factor, growth-related oncogene, and leptin and growth factors EGF, HGF, FGF-6, IGF-1, PDGF, and IGFBP were present in higher concentrations in CBS than in FBS and adult serum. CONCLUSIONS CBS-supplemented culture medium supported the proliferation and differentiation of conjunctival and limbal epithelial cells. CBS contained a higher concentration of growth factors and cytokines than FBS and adult serum. CBS may be a viable and safer alternative to FBS as a growth supplement in the culture medium for culturing epithelial cells, which may have important clinical implications when bioengineering tissues for clinical use.