Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Moving Objects with Non-stationary Cameras in 5.8ms: Bringing Motion Detection to Your Mobile Device

Detecting moving objects on mobile cameras in real-time is a challenging problem due to the computational limits and the motions of the camera. In this paper, we propose a method for moving object detection on non-stationary cameras running within 5.8 milliseconds (ms) on a PC, and real-time on mobile devices. To achieve real time capability with satisfying performance, the proposed method models the background through dual-mode single Gaussian model (SGM) with age and compensates the motion of the camera by mixing neighboring models. Modeling through dual-mode SGM prevents the background model from being contaminated by foreground pixels, while still allowing the model to be able to adapt to changes of the background. Mixing neighboring models reduces the errors arising from motion compensation and their influences are further reduced by keeping the age of the model. Also, to decrease computation load, the proposed method applies one dual-mode SGM to multiple pixels without performance degradation. Experimental results show the computational lightness and the real-time capability of our method on a smart phone with robust detection performances.
Histopathological Changes in Joint Components in a Rat Knee Joint Contracture Model Following Mobilization

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological effects of mobilization on joint components using a rat knee joint contracture model. [Method] Twenty-two male Wistar rats (aged 9 weeks) were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 18) and a control group (n = 4). The experimental group had the right posterior limb knee joint immobilized for 8 weeks to induce contracture after which this group was subdivided into three subgroups–immobilized, treatment, and non-treatment groups. In the immobilized group (n = 6), knee joint specimens were collected immediately after immobilization. The non-treatment group (n = 6) was bred normally for 8 weeks, while the treatment group (n = 6) underwent mobilization during the same 8 weeks. After breeding, we prepared tissue specimens of the knee joint for observation in the sagittal plane and examined them using a light microscope. [Results] Compared to the non-treatment group, the treatment group showed an increase in the number of fat cells in the synovial subintima and a reduction in the density of collagen fiber bundles in the posterior joint capsule. [Conclusion] Joint mobilization appears to effectively improve joint function.
Hand gesture recognition with 3D convolutional neural networks

Touchless hand gesture recognition systems are becoming important in automotive user interfaces as they improve safety and comfort. Various computer vision algorithms have employed color and depth cameras for hand gesture recognition, but robust classification of gestures from different subjects performed under widely varying lighting conditions is still challenging. We propose an algorithm for drivers' hand gesture recognition from challenging depth and intensity data using 3D convolutional neural networks. Our solution combines information from multiple spatial scales for the final prediction. It also employs spatio-temporal data augmentation for more effective training and to reduce potential overfitting. Our method achieves a correct classification rate of 77.5% on the VIVA challenge dataset.
HapFACS 3.0: FACS-Based Facial Expression Generator for 3D Speaking Virtual Characters

With the growing number of researchers interested in modeling the inner workings of affective social intelligence, the need for tools to easily model its associated expressions has emerged. The goal of this article is two-fold: 1) we describe HapFACS, a free software and API that we developed to provide the affective computing community with a resource that produces static and dynamic facial expressions for three-dimensional speaking characters; and 2) we discuss results of multiple experiments that we conducted in order to scientifically validate our facial expressions and head animations in terms of the widely accepted Facial Action Coding System (FACS) standard, and its Action Units (AU). The result is that users, without any 3D-modeling nor computer graphics expertise, can animate speaking virtual characters with FACS-based realistic facial expression animations, and embed these expressive characters in their own application(s). The HapFACS software and API can also be used for generating repertoires of realistic FACS-validated facial expressions, useful for testing emotion expression generation theories.
Response to ODN-CpG by B Cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus correlates with disease activity

Different immunological alterations may condition systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity. However, it is not known whether alterations in the phenotype of circulating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and in the response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN-CpG) correlate with disease activity. APC expression of HLA-DR, costimulatory molecules, and TLR9 expression was determined in patients with SLE, other autoimmune diseases, and healthy controls. Monocyte and B cell response to synthetic ODN-CpG sequences was also evaluated. Monocytes from patients with moderate SLE activity had higher expression of CD40 and CD86. Decreased numbers of CD19+CD80+ and BDCA-3+CD40+ cells were found in patients with severe SLE activity. In patients with moderate SLE activity, non-adherent and enriched B cell response to ODN-CpG was similar to healthy controls. Adherent and enriched B cells from patients with severe SLE activity did not increase costimulatory molecule expression or cytokine production after ODN-CpG stimulation. APCs from patients with SLE, regardless of disease activity, displayed higher percentage of TLR9+ cells, as well as increased expression of TLR9, compared to healthy controls. Results suggest that the B cell response to ODN-CpG correlates with the SLE activity, independently of TLR9 expression, indicating that alterations in B cell response in severe activity SLE may be caused by events down-stream to TLR9.
Elevated levels of serum antibodies against Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

This study was undertaken to investigate whether levels of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies (ASCMAs), a serological marker for Crohn’s disease, seronegative spondyloarthritis and Behcet’s disease, also correlate with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans. Serum samples from healthy volunteers (n = 152) and patients with SLE (n = 40) were compared for ASCMA-IgA, -IgG and -IgM levels using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. ASCMA-IgG, but not IgM and IgA, prevalence was significantly raised in active SLE patients (57.5%) compared with healthy controls (8.5%). ASCMA-IgG levels in SLE patients during remission were relatively lower, indicating a possible correlation with disease activity. These results differ from a previous study, which did not detect a difference between ASCMA levels in SLE patients and healthy control. It remains to be evaluated whether elevated ASCMA-levels are common to all rheumatic disorders.
The One Hundred Layers Tiramisu: Fully Convolutional DenseNets for Semantic Segmentation

State-of-the-art approaches for semantic image segmentation are built on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The typical segmentation architecture is composed of (a) a downsampling path responsible for extracting coarse semantic features, followed by (b) an upsampling path trained to recover the input image resolution at the output of the model and, optionally, (c) a post-processing module (e.g. Conditional Random Fields) to refine the model predictions. ,,,,,, Recently, a new CNN architecture, Densely Connected Convolutional Networks (DenseNets), has shown excellent results on image classification tasks. The idea of DenseNets is based on the observation that if each layer is directly connected to every other layer in a feed-forward fashion then the network will be more accurate and easier to train. ,,,,,, In this paper, we extend DenseNets to deal with the problem of semantic segmentation. We achieve state-of-the-art results on urban scene benchmark datasets such as CamVid and Gatech, without any further post-processing module nor pretraining. Moreover, due to smart construction of the model, our approach has much less parameters than currently published best entries for these datasets.
SqueezeDet: Unified, Small, Low Power Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Real-Time Object Detection for Autonomous Driving

Object detection is a crucial task for autonomous driving. In addition to requiring high accuracy to ensure safety, object detection for autonomous driving also requires realtime inference speed to guarantee prompt vehicle control, as well as small model size and energy efficiency to enable embedded system deployment. ,,,,,, In this work, we propose SqueezeDet, a fully convolutional neural network for object detection that aims to simultaneously satisfy all of the above constraints. In our network we use convolutional layers not only to extract feature maps, but also as the output layer to compute bounding boxes and class probabilities. The detection pipeline of our model only contains a single forward pass of a neural network, thus it is extremely fast. Our model is fullyconvolutional, which leads to small model size and better energy efficiency. Finally, our experiments show that our model is very accurate, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy on the KITTI [10] benchmark. The source code of SqueezeDet is open-source released.
A VLSI system for difference picture-based motion analysis

A VLSI architecture for a difference picture-based dynamic scene analysis technique that can perform the analysis in real time is proposed. To analyze a dynamic scene, a difference picture is generated for two (previous and current) image frames of the scene taken at contiguous time instants. The entries in difference pictures are assumed to be caused by motion in the scene. Motion-related information about dynamic objects in a scene can be obtained by analyzing the characteristics of the connected region in the corresponding difference picture. The architecture of each processor is simple and can be organized as a multistage linear pipeline with no feedback logic. Regarding the layout space required for the processor logic, simple estimates show that up to 30 processors can be laid out within a single chip. <<ETX>>
The numbers of Foxp3 + Treg cells are positively correlated with higher grade of infiltration at the salivary glands in primary Sjögren's syndrome

This study was designed to investigate whether Foxp3 + regulatory T (Treg) cells play a role in the histopathologic changes of primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) and to evaluate other factors possibly associated with Foxp3+ Treg cells in pSS patients. The number of FoxP3-expressing T cells in peripheral blood (PB) of 39 patients with pSS, 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 28 healthy controls was measured by flow-cytometer analysis. FoxP3-expressing CD4+CD25+ Treg cells were analyzed in minor salivary gland (SG) tissues of 39 pSS patients. Histopathologic changes were examined by light microscopy according to Chisholm’s classification. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the Foxp3+ Treg in SG biopsy specim-ens. The numbers of CD4+ T cells and FoxP3-expressing CD4+ T cells in PB were similar in all groups. Expression of CD25 on CD4+ T cells in PB of patients with pSS and RA was significantly higher than in healthy controls, especially for RA patients. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that FoxP3+ Treg were enriched in the SGs of pSS patients, with a positive correlation between the increase in FoxP3+ Treg in SG and the Chisholm score in pSS (p < 0.001, r = +0.605). The increase of FoxP3 + Treg cells in the SGs of pSS patients, which is correlated with gland infiltration, suggests that natural regulatory T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of pSS. Further studies are required to explore the mechanisms that mediate the relationship between Treg and the pathogenesis of pSS. Lupus (2010) 19, 138—145.
EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN ON RABBIT PLATELETS

Incubation of rabbit platelet-rich plasma with bacterial endotoxin results in activation of platelet factor 3, a precursor of blood thromboplastin. This platelet-endotoxin interaction is dose- and temperature-dependent, and is similar to the effects of antigen-antibody union in the presence of platelets. Injection of endotoxin intravenously is associated with a transient increase in platelet factor 3. Since platelet factor 3 can be demonstrated in platelet-poor plasma as well as platelet-rich plasma after endotoxin injection, it seems likely that an actual transfer of factor 3 from platelets to plasma occurs and that this activity is then rapidly inactivated or cleared from the blood stream.
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

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A literature review exploring the efficacy of case formulations in clinical practice. What are the themes and pertinent issues?

Abstract There is a paucity of research exploring the validity, reliability and impact on clinical outcome of Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy (CBP) case formulations. This review considers a variety of literature that relates to formulations and their use, it also draws on other types of psychotherapy where there appears to be a more established and robust research base. The literature review explores the research that has taken place within CBP and considers the themes that emerge from this research. Several themes were identified and these relate to decision-making and experience, specific guidelines to aid quality of formulations and a significant lack of understanding of clients' views on the formulation process and its outcome. It is unclear whether formulations do influence the successfulness of therapy. Recommendations are made as to what further research is needed and the form this should take.
Son Preference, the Family-building Process and Child Mortality in India

India is a country with a pervasive preference for sons and one of the highest levels of excess child mortality for girls in the world (child mortality for girls exceeds child mortality for boys by 43 per cent). In this article, data from the National Family Health Survey are used to examine the effect of son preference on parity progression and ultimately on child mortality. The demographic effects of family composition are estimated with hazard models. The analysis indicates that son preference fundamentally affects demographic behaviour in India. Family composition affects fertility behaviour in every state examined and son preference is the predominant influence in all but one of these states. The effects of family composition on excess child mortality for girls are more complex, but girls with older sisters are often subject to the highest risk of mortality.
Change of Circulating Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, and Visfatin Level after Treatment of Patients with Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in circulating levels of adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin, after induction therapy of patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: We prospectively evaluated 20 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 14 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who received induction therapy. The disease activity, body mass index (BMI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum adipolines levels were checked before treatment and 10 weeks after treatment. Results: After induction therapy, significant reduction of disease activity was noted in patients with CD (CD activity index, 267.9±73.7 vs. 50.8±36.5, P<0.001) and patients with UC (Mayo score, 9.8±2.2 vs. 1.4±1.6, P<0.001). The mean serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin levels were 4.0±2.7 ng/mL and 4.4±2.3 ng/mL (P=0.323), 27.0±20.5 μg/mL and 33.8±26. 5μg/mL (P=0.084), 9.0±4.0 ng/mL and 10.2±3.2 ng/mL (P=0.108), and 4.6±3.7 ng/mL and 2.5±4.1 ng/mL (P=0.046) before and after infliximab treatment, respectively. No significant correlation between the changes in BMI, CRP level, or the clinical indices of activity and alterations of the measured adipokines was demonstrated. Conclusions: The serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin showed no significant alterations, whereas the serum visfatin level decreased significantly after induction therapy, suggesting a possible pro-inflammatory property of visfatin and a role as a marker of successful therapy of IBD. (Intest Res 2010;8:151-161) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏
A Neurologist's view of Auditory Brainstem Potentials

Auditory brainstem potentials are the far-field reflection of activity originating in the cochlea and brainstem portions of the auditory pathway. I have used the information contained in these potentials for the analysis of neurological deficits in humans, reflecting my training as both a clinical neurologist and an auditory neurophysiologist. Derek Denny-Brown taught me that clinical neurology is a science, and then my experiences in basic auditory neurophysiology with Robert Livingston, Ichiji Tasaki, and Bob Galambos, and in psychoacoustics with Earl Schubert, made me appreciate the intricacies of auditory function. I first learned of auditory far-field brainstem potentials from Don Jewett in the late 1960s at a meeting of the San Francisco Bay Area Neurophysiology Group. The averaging computer (LINC), the forerunner of the digital PDP series, had been perfected by Wes Clark and Charles Molnar at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the early 1960s, providing neurophysiologists with a tool to detect low-amplitude time-locked biological signals embedded in the much higher-amplitude background electroencephalogram (EEG). The use of averaging computers had derived from Dawson's (1954) pioneering development of a method using averaging to define low-amplitude signals from the background EEG. I had used the LINC computer in a test demonstration at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1963 and was too inexperienced to appreciate the significance of the sequence of waves that we detected from a round-window electrode in cats in response to click stimuli. In contrast, Jewett, as a postdoctoral fellow of Bob Galambos at Yale University, had found that the potential fields generated by auditory brainstem structures could be traced from the brain's surface to their origins in the auditory structures of brainstem by using high-gain amplification and the new averaging methods. He published the analyses of these averaged scalp recordings both in cats (1970) and in humans, with Williston (1971). As I recall, the initial intent of these studies was to characterize a secondary nonclassic auditory pathway that was considered integral for learned motor and cognitive behaviors related to auditory inputs. Jewett's results had an immediate and alternative perspective: of realizing with scalp electrodes in humans and animals sound-evoked electrical events generated from auditory structures deep within the brainstem. Jewett's recollections of his findings have been published (1983, 1994). Moore, in the same 1983 reference, reports on his own early efforts in recording far-field auditory pathway events. Priority is a complex issue. Sohmer and Feinmesser (1967, 1970) in Israel were working at this same period on methods to
Awareness on HIV/AIDS among the Blood Donors of a City Hospital

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on ‘HIV/AIDS awareness' among the blood donors of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. The aim of the study was to assess the level of awareness among blood donors on HIV/AIDS and to assess their knowledge regarding its prevention and control. A total of 110 (87.3% male, 12.7% female) donors participated in this study. Their mean age was 24.9 ± 5.2 years. More than 60% of the respondents had primary or secondary level of education. Two-thirds (66.11%) of them donated blood for their relatives, while the rest did it for donation's sake. Although 93.6% of the respondents heard about AIDS (TV being the most common source), none had a good or excellent level of awareness about the disease. About mode of transmission, 20.9% had average and very few had a good level of knowledge regarding its prevention. When asked for an opinion about the country's risk for HIV/AIDS, more than half (54.2%) had the view that the country was at a risk from the disease and nearly three quarters (72.5%) were of the opinion that mass awareness campaigns on HIV/AIDS could improve the situation. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(2): 63-66 Key Words: HIV/AIDS, blood donors, awareness, Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v3i2. 4219
Age of onset and duration of dementia in people with down syndrome: Integration of 98 reported cases in the literature

The published case reports of 98 people with Down Syndrome were studied with respect to the age of onset and duration of clinically diagnosed dementia. The incidence of dementia was unimodal, increasing rapidly from 40 years to a peak of 30% incidence in the fifth decade of life, followed by a further rapid decline. Females with Down syndrome had an earlier onset. Duration of dementia decreased with increasing age of onset for both males and females.
Public health. Making sense of a senseless act.

China accounts for an estimated 22% of global suicides, or roughly 200,000 deaths every year. In India, twice as many people took their own lives in 2010 as died from HIV/AIDS. By comparison, the World Health Organization estimates that suicides in high-income countries total only 140,000 a year. Suicide rates in Japan and South Korea, however, are similar to China9s (see sidebar), suggesting that this is a regional public health issue. And yet suicide in Asia is poorly understood. Emerging research is now filling that gap—and overturning prevailing notions. While mental illness remains an important correlate in Asia, researchers may learn more from a victim9s family, religion, education, and personality. New findings suggest that some researchers may have misread correlation as causation.
Pulmonary Manifestation of Malignancies Associated with HIV Infection

Early in the epidemic of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), it became clear that infection with the HIV virus predisposed patients to the development of a rare neoplasm, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). This tumor occurred 20,000 times more frequently in these patients than in the general population and KS became recognized as a common manifestation of AIDS. KS also has been found to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in those with the disease. The exquisite susceptibility of HIV-infected patients to develop KS has provided a unique opportunity to identify the factors responsible for the pathogenesis of this unusual neoplasm, and research in this area has expanded. '