Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interstitial guidance of cancer invasion

Cancer cell invasion into healthy tissues develops preferentially along pre‐existing tracks of least resistance, followed by secondary tissue remodelling and destruction. The tissue scaffolds supporting or preventing guidance of invasion vary in structure and molecular composition between organs. In the brain, the guidance is provided by myelinated axons, astrocyte processes, and blood vessels which are used as invasion routes by glioma cells. In the human breast, containing interstitial collagen‐rich connective tissue, disseminating breast cancer cells preferentially invade along bundled collagen fibrils and the surface of adipocytes. In both invasion types, physical guidance prompted by interfaces and space is complemented by molecular guidance. Generic mechanisms shared by most, if not all, tissues include (i) guidance by integrins towards fibrillar interstitial collagen and/or laminins and type IV collagen in basement membranes decorating vessels and adipocytes, and, likely, CD44 engaging with hyaluronan; (ii) haptotactic guidance by chemokines and growth factors; and likely (iii) physical pushing mechanisms. Tissue‐specific, resticted guidance cues include ECM proteins with restricted expression (tenascins, lecticans), cell–cell interfaces, and newly secreted matrix molecules decorating ECM fibres (laminin‐332, thrombospondin‐1, osteopontin, periostin). We here review physical and molecular guidance mechanisms in interstitial tissue and brain parenchyma and explore shared principles and organ‐specific differences, and their implications for experimental model design and therapeutic targeting of tumour cell invasion. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature extraction using time-frequency analysis for monophonic-polyphonic wheeze discrimination

The aim of this study is monophonic-polyphonic wheeze episode discrimination rather than the conventional wheeze (versus non-wheeze) episode detection. We used two different methods for feature extraction to discriminate monophonic and polyphonic wheeze episodes. One of the methods is based on frequency analysis and the other is based on time analysis. Frequency analysis based method uses ratios of quartile frequencies to exploit the difference in the power spectrum. Time analysis based method uses mean crossing irregularity to exploit the difference in periodicity in the time domain. Both methods are applied on the data before and after an image processing based preprocessing step. Calculated features are used in classification both individually and in combinations. Support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor and Naive Bayesian classifiers are adopted in leave-one-out scheme. A total of 121 monophonic and 110 polyphonic wheeze episodes are used in the experiments, where the best classification performances are 71.45% for time domain based features, 68.43% for frequency domain based features, and 75.78% for a combination of selected best features.
A Comparison of Electrostatic and Magnetic Focusing of Mixed Species Heavy Ion Beams at NSCL/MSU

Experience at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory has shown the first focusing element after the electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS), before the beam is analyzed by a magnetic dipole, to be critical to subsequent beam transport and matching. Until 2004, both ion sources at the NSCL used a solenoid as this first focusing element. Observation of hollow beam formation led to further analysis and the decision to replace the solenoid with an electrostatic quadrupole triplet on a test basis [1]. Substantial increases in net cyclotron output were achieved, leading us to adopt electrostatic quadrupole focusing as the permanent configuration. In addition, a sextupole magnet was installed in this beam line. Motivations for these changes and results of operating experience are discussed.
Innervation of dorsal and caudal fin muscles in adult zebrafish Danio rerio

The organization of the neuromuscular system of the dorsal and caudal fin of zebrafish, Danio rerio, was studied, including the anatomy of fin motoneurons as revealed by neurobiotin backfills and differential staining using fluorescent markers. The musculature of the dorsal fin consists of one pair of protractor and retractor muscles and 10 sets of muscles attaching to the bases of dorsal fin rays. Each set consists of one pair of erector, depressor, and inclinator muscles. The supplying nerves of the dorsal fin musculature originate from spinal segments 9–17 and form a dorsal fin plexus at the base of the muscles. Dorsal and caudal fin motoneurons have small cell bodies and ipsilateral dendritic branching patterns, thus resembling secondary motoneurons of the axial musculature. As shown by differential staining using fluorescent‐labeled dextrans, cell bodies of dorsal fin motoneurons and axial motoneurons seem to be located in separate motor columns. The musculature of the caudal fin is composed of 12 muscles that are arranged in a superficial and a deep muscle layer. The nerves that supply the caudal fin musculature arise from the last five caudal segments of the spinal cord and form the caudal plexus. Neurobiotin backfills were performed on the dorsal caudal muscles, the medial caudal muscles, and the ventral caudal muscles. Most cell bodies of caudal fin motoneurons are small and are located in a ventral motor column. The organization of dorsal and caudal fin motoneurons is compared with the innervation of fins in other fish. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:702–716, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Complexity of Liquidity: The Extraordinary Case of Sovereign Bonds

It is well-documented that government bonds with almost identical cash flows can trade at different prices. The explanation is that due to higher liquidity the most recently issued bond tends to trade at a premium to previously issued bonds. This paper analyzes the cross-section of bond spreads across developed countries over a 17-year time period. Indeed, liquidity has commonality across countries in the expected direction. However, the paper documents a novel finding that questions the standard view of liquidity. Under certain conditions, especially related to credit deterioration and flight to quality, new issue bond spreads tighten and can be negative. In other words, the liquid bonds become cheaper, not more expensive, relative to their less liquid counterparts. We offer an explanation based on price pressure and provide empirical support using data on net flows of investors in sovereign bonds. Of some interest, we are able to reconcile the differential behavior of bond spreads of the U.S. and Germany versus Belgium, Spain and Italy during the Eurozone crisis period.
Energy Efficient Magnetic Tunnel Junction Based Hybrid LSI Using Multi-Threshold UTBB-FD-SOI Device

The energy scalability of ultra-low power nonvolatile (NV) large-scale integration (LSI) is explored in this paper. Multi-threshold computing (super/near/sub-$V_t$) in hybrid CMOS/ magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) circuits are investigated based on SPICE-compatible MTJ model and fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) devices. Ultra-low supply voltage operation bottlenecks associated with performance loss, parametric variations and function failure are studied in differential pair-based sensing circuit, MTJ writing/control circuit and other building blocks. A case study is performed with three typical NV-flip-flops (NV-FF), which are implemented with 28nm FD-SOI low $V_t$ (LVT) device and forward back-bias. Results show that MTJ writing/control circuit must operate at nominal supply (super-$V_t$) region to guarantee MTJ switching; sensing circuit is configured with near-$V_t$ operation (0.6V) with robustness consideration, whereas other parts could be implemented with near/sub-$V_t$ computing to achieve ultra-low power consumption and energy efficient operations.
Nano-silver – feasibility and challenges for human health risk assessment based on open literature

Abstract This study aims at investigating feasibility and challenges associated with conducting a human health risk assessment for nano-silver based on the open literature by following an approach similar to a classical regulatory risk assessment. Gaps in the available data set, both in relation to exposures and hazard, do not allow reaching any definite conclusions that could be used for regulatory decision making. Results show that repeated inhalation in the workplace and possibly consumer inhalation may cause risks. Also (uncontrolled) nano-silver drug intake and burn treatment of large parts of the body with wound dressings may cause risks. Main future work should focus on generating occupational and consumer exposure data, as well as toxicity data on absorption (are particles or only ions absorbed? ), information on genetoxicity, and further information on the toxicity following inhalation exposure to sizes and agglomeration states as uncounted in the workplace.
Analysis of rabbit tear proteins by high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

The aim of this study was to develop a fast and reliable analytical procedure for the display of the protein components of tears that can be used to differentiate the status of the ocular surface. Using this new procedure, we analyzed the tear protein components following a corneal wound in the rabbit. Calibrated 10-microL glass, fire-polished capillary micropipettes were used to collect tears from New Zealand White rabbits prior to and daily for 9 days following a unilateral 6-mm diameter centrally placed anterior keratectomy. Tear proteins were eluted by a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) column and the tear protein profile was monitored by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry positive total ion current (TIC) chromatography. Tear proteins were reliably separated into 17 peaks, each of which contained one or a number of protein components. The molecular weight of each protein component was determined by on-line ESI. Major tear protein components, lactoferrin, lysozyme (minimally detectable in rabbit tears), albumin, lipocalin, lipophilin and beta2-microglobulin, were tentatively identified by this method. Based on the mass spectrometric data, beta2-microglobulin was found to be glycosylated with N-acetylhexosamine. ESI-positive TIC chromatograms and mass spectra revealed comparative differences in the tear protein spectra after corneal wounding. One day after wounding, rabbit lysozyme with a molecular weight of 14,717 Da was found to be 8-fold higher in the tears of wounded eyes when compared with tears from unwounded eyes. It dropped back to normal 3 days after wounding. The expression of an unidentified tear protein with the molecular weight of 16,060 Da was also elevated after corneal wounding and returned to normal level by day 5. In this study, LC/ESI-MS was developed as a fast, reproducible and simple method for the identification and analysis of many of the protein components of the tears. Importantly, this technique also allows quantification of each component resolved in the chromatogram. This method is very suitable for mapping peptides and proteins (<80 kDa) in tears.
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: oncological evaluation after 1,000 cases a Montsouris Institute.

PURPOSE We performed a prospective oncological evaluation of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in regard to local tumor control and biochemical recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 1998 and March 2002, 1,000 consecutive patients with a mean age +/- SD of 63 +/- 6.2 years and clinically localized prostate cancer underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy at 1 institution. Preoperative 1997 TNM clinical stage was T1a in 6 patients (0.6%), T1b in 3 (0.3%), T1c in 660 (66.5%), T2a in 304 (30.4%) and T2b in 27 (2.7%). Mean preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) +/- SD was 10 +/- 6.1 ng. /ml. (range 1.5 to 55). Postoperatively, surgical specimens were assessed and positive surgical margins recorded. Factors that could influence the surgical margins status were evaluated. Irrespective of pathological stage or surgical margin status, no adjuvant treatment was proposed before an increasing PSA. PSA recurrence was defined as PSA greater than 0.1 ng. /ml. and was confirmed by a second increase. Recurrence time was defined as the time of the first increase in PSA. RESULTS Postoperative pathological stage was pT2aN0/Nx in 203 patients (20.3%), pT2bN0/Nx in 572 (57.2%), pT3aN0/Nx in 142 (14.2%), pT3bN0/Nx in 77 (7.7%) and pT1-3 N1 in 6 (0.6%). Positive surgical margin rate was 6.9%, 18.6%, 30% and 34% for pathological stages pT2a, pT2b, pT3a and pT3b, respectively (p <0.001). The main predictors of a positive surgical margin were preoperative PSA (p <0.001), clinical stage (p = 0.001), pathological stage (p <0.001) and Gleason score (p = 0.003). The overall actuarial biochemical progression-free survival rate was 90.5% at 3 years. According to the pathological stage, the progression-free survival rate was 91.8% for pT2aN0/Nx, 88% for pT2bN0/Nx, 77% for pT3aN0/Nx, 44% for pT3bN0/Nx and 50% for pT1-3N1 (p <0.001). Of the patients 94% with negative surgical margins and 80% with positive margins had progression-free survival (p <0.001). Preservation of the neurovascular bundles in patients with localized tumors had no significant effect on the subsequent risk of positive surgical margins or progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Based on followup, our evaluation confirms that laparoscopic radical prostatectomy provides satisfactory results in regard to local tumor control and biochemical recurrence.
Lung tissue mechanics and extracellular matrix remodeling in acute lung injury.

UNLABELLED This study was undertaken to test whether there is structural remodeling of lung parenchyma that could lead to tissue mechanical changes at an early phase of varying degrees of acute lung injury (ALI). Tissue resistance (R), dynamic elastance (E), and hysteresivity (eta) were analyzed during sinusoidal oscillations of rat lung parenchymal strips 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of saline (C) or paraquat (P [10, 15, 25, and 30 mg/kg]). These strips were also stained in order to quantify the amount of collagen and of three types of elastic fibers (elaunin, oxytalan, and fully developed elastic fibers) in the alveolar septa. E augmented progressively from C to P25, but the data from the P25 and P30 groups were not different (p < 0.0001). R and eta increased from C to P10 and from P15 to P25 (p < 0.001). Collagen fiber content increased exponentially with the severity of the injury. Elaunin and fully developed elastic fibers remained unchanged in the five groups, while oxytalan fibers increased only in the P25 and P30 groups. In conclusion, the pronounced mechanical changes at the tissue level and fibroelastogenesis happened at an early phase of the disease and even in mildly abnormal lung parenchyma. KEYWORDS elastance; collagen fibers; elastin; paraquat
A novel printed G-shaped monopole antenna for dual-band WLAN applications

A novel and simple kind of dual-band printed G-shaped monopole antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of a G-shaped monopole and a microstrip feedline, which provide two resonant paths of different lengths to achieve the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz dual-band operation for WLAN applications. Reasonably large impedance matching bandwidth and well behaved radiation patterns have been observed in simulation. Comparison with measurements shows good agreement.
School experiences after treatment for a brain tumour.

BACKGROUND Children surviving a brain tumour face major difficulties including learning problems, lengthy school absences and psychosocial problems, all of which can impact on school functioning. Our aims were to provide information for parents and teachers about the skills and resources of this group. Specifically, we aimed to: describe the special educational needs of these children; document the impact of diagnosis and treatment on school attendance; compare parent and teacher assessments of social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. METHODS Forty families agreed to participate (response rate = 58.82%). The children (19 males and 21 females) were aged from 6 to 16 years and had completed treatment at least 2 years previously (range = 2 years-12 years 5 months). Questionnaires (Strengths and Difficulties and school experience) were completed by mothers and teachers. RESULTS Survivors were experiencing a wide range of physical, learning and interpersonal difficulties, according to parent and teacher reports. Almost half the children (n = 19) had ongoing neurological problems that were significant enough to require special help at school. Literacy and numeracy were the most common learning difficulties. Parents also rated brain tumour survivors as having more behavioural and emotional problems than would be expected from population norms. For example, survivors were rated as having more Total Difficulties (t = 6.86, P < 0.001), Emotional Symptoms (t = 8.82, P < 0.001), Hyperactivity (t = 2.25, P = 0.03), Peer Relationship Problems (t = 7.58, P < 0.001) and poorer Pro-social Behaviour (t = -3.34, P = 0.002) than would be expected from population norms. These problems were also seen to be having a significant impact on the child's functioning (t = 3.95, P < 0.001). Teachers rated these problems as less serious than parents. CONCLUSION These children experience significant problems in school some time after diagnosis and when they are considered medically cured. Closer school-hospital liaison is essential to maximize integration and achievement in these children.
A PWM control strategy for low-speed operation of three-level NPC inverter based on bootstrap gate drive circuit

This paper proposes the pulse width modulation (PWM) control strategy for low-speed operation in the three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters based on the bootstrap gate drive circuit. For the purpose of the cost reduction, several papers have paid attention to the bootstrap circuit applied to the three-level NPC inverter. However, the bootstrap gate driver IC cannot generate the gate signal to the IGBT for low-speed operation, because the bootstrap capacitor voltage decreases under the threshold level. To solve this problem, the dipolar and partial-dipolar modulation can be the effective solution. Nevertheless, these modulation have drawbacks in terms of the switching loss and THD. Therefore, this paper proposes the PWM control strategy to operate the inverter at low-speed and to minimize the switching loss and harmonics. The experimental results are presented to verify the validity on the proposed method.
The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands

Researchers and brand managers have limited understanding of the effects social media communication has on how consumers perceive brands. We investigated 504 Facebook users in order to observe the impact of firm-created and user-generated (UG) social media communication on brand equity (BE), brand attitude (BA) and purchase intention (PI) by using a standardized online survey throughout Poland. To test the conceptual model, we analyzed 60 brands across three different industries: non-alcoholic beverages, clothing and mobile network operators. When analyzing the data, we applied the structural equation modeling technique to both investigate the interplay of firm-created and user-generated social media communication and examine industry-specific differences. The results of the empirical studies showed that user-generated social media communication had a positive influence on both brand equity and brand attitude, whereas firm-created social media communication affected only brand attitude. Both brand equity and brand attitude were shown to have a positive influence on purchase intention. In addition, we assessed measurement invariance using a multi-group structural modeling equation. The findings revealed that the proposed measurement model was invariant across the researched industries. However, structural path differences were detected across the models.
Amplotyping of microdissected, methanol‐fixed lung carcinoma by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction

The arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP‐PCR) was used to detect somatic genetic alterations in lung carcinomas. DNA fingerprints generated by a single arbitrary primer were compared between normal and tumor tissues of the same individuals. We adapted the technique to the use of tissue fixed with methanol, which allowed the analysis of small areas of tissue by microdissection. This improvement of the fingerprinting technique permitted the study of tumors at early stages of progression. Loss of sequences from chromosome 7 was detected in 41.7% of adenocarcinomas and from chromosome 22 in 84.6% of small‐cell carcinomas. Gains of sequences from chromosomes 1, 8 and 13 were detected in more than 40% of adenocarcinomas and in chromosome 2 in 63.3% of squamous‐cell carcinomas. Our results indicate that allelic imbalances at these chromosomal regions are common genetic abnormalities in lung carcinomas. Loss of sequences from chromosome 22q13.3, found in 11 of 13 small‐cell carcinomas, were confirmed by microsatellite PCR analysis. We show that the use of our improved AP‐PCR fingerprinting permits the detection of both losses and gains of novel chromosomal regions early during lung cancer development. Our results indicate that early‐stage tumors tend to have more allelic imbalances than relatively advanced tumors, suggesting a high tumor genetic heterogeneity in the early stages of lung tumor progression. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 89:19–25, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between Sources of Power and Organizational Climate in Middle Schools of Zahedan City, Iran

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between principal's sources of power and organizational climate of guidance schools in Zahedan: From the teacher's point of view. Methodology: In this study descriptive- correlation method of research was employed. And sample or 210 teachers were selected by centered sampling method out or all teachers of guidance schools in Zahedan. To collect related data two questionnaires were employed. The first one to measure managers source of power and the second questionnaire to measure the organizational climate of guidance schools. Results: Reliability obtained For questionnaires were α=. 86 and α=. 84 respectively. Descriptive and inferential techniques of statistic were used to analyze the collected data. The descriptive findings of the research revealed that the dominant sources or power employed by the managers are the legal power. Among the dimensions of organizational climate. Conclusion: The highest mean was dedicated to the team spirit features as well. The data deductive analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relation between four dimensions of principals sources of power and organizational climate. The study did not find any significant relation between the coercing power and school organization climate, also, step-wise regression analysis indicated that, from the damnations of principals’ sources of power, the authority source, expert and reward power predict the most changes concerned with the organization atmosphere.