Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperphosphatemia in multiple myeloma due to a phosphate‐binding immunoglobulin

Hyperphosphatemia (HP) is usually seen in patients with hypoparathyroidism, renal failure, and tumor lysis. The authors described a patient with HP due to a phosphate‐binding immunoglobulin (Ig). An 86‐year‐old woman had serum phosphate levels as high as 4.75 mmol/l, (normal, 0.77 to 1.45 mmol/l). Serum ionized calcium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and N‐terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were normal, but serum 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D level was subnormal at less than 12 pmol/l (normal, 36 to 146 pmol/l). Serum total protein was elevated at 105 g/l (normal, 60 to 80 g/l), and additional studies confirmed a diagnosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) multiple myeloma. Results of in vitro studies using anti‐human IgG antibodies showed that the IgG of the patient bound inorganic phosphate. Several isolated case reports have documented spurious HP due to interference of the paraprotein in the routine serum phosphate assay. In only one patient, however, has actual binding of phosphate to a myeloma protein been documented. The studies of the authors document phosphate binding by an IgG paraprotein and suggest that in this setting HP may be of physiologic significance as evidenced by depressed serum levels of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D.
Escherichia coli rnlA and rnlB Compose a Novel Toxin–Antitoxin System

RNase LS was originally identified as a potential antagonist of bacteriophage T4 infection. When T4 dmd is defective, RNase LS activity rapidly increases after T4 infection and cleaves T4 mRNAs to antagonize T4 reproduction. Here we show that rnlA, a structural gene of RNase LS, encodes a novel toxin, and that rnlB (formally yfjO), located immediately downstream of rnlA, encodes an antitoxin against RnlA. Ectopic expression of RnlA caused inhibition of cell growth and rapid degradation of mRNAs in ΔrnlAB cells. On the other hand, RnlB neutralized these RnlA effects. Furthermore, overexpression of RnlB in wild-type cells could completely suppress the growth defect of a T4 dmd mutant, that is, excess RnlB inhibited RNase LS activity. Pull-down analysis showed a specific interaction between RnlA and RnlB. Compared to RnlA, RnlB was extremely unstable, being degraded by ClpXP and Lon proteases, and this instability may increase RNase LS activity after T4 infection. All of these results suggested that rnlA–rnlB define a new toxin–antitoxin (TA) system.
Individual differences in recognising involuntary autobiographical memories: Impact on the reporting of abstract cues

This study examined individual differences in the ability to recognise involuntary autobiographical memories. We hypothesised that individuals may not always recognise involuntary memories which are cued by abstract experiences (e.g., thoughts or language), while they are better able to recognise those which are cued by concrete sensory/perpetual experiences. We hypothesised that individuals without formal training in psychology would be more prone to these recognition failures than individuals with training in psychology. We tested the hypothesis by comparing the results of general first-year undergraduate students, graduate students in psychology and graduates students in other disciplines after each had participated in a two-week diary study of their naturally occurring involuntary memories. The results showed undergraduate participants and non-psychology graduate participants reporting fewer involuntary memories being triggered by abstract cues than the graduate psychology participants, while the groups did not differ in the report of memories triggered by sensory/perpetual cues. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Genes, Pathogenesis and Risk Prediction

With the aging of western society the contribution to morbidity of diseases of the elderly, such as dementia, will increase exponentially. Thorough preventative and curative strategies are needed to constrain the increasing prevalence of these disabling diseases. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of disease will enable development of therapy, prevention and the identification of high-risk groups in the population. Here, we review the genetic epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease, the most common cause of dementia in the western world. The search for genetic risk factors, though far from completed, has been of major importance for understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Although effective therapy is still awaited, these findings have led to new avenues for the development of drugs.
Assessing Autonomic Dysfunction Symptoms in Children: A Pilot Study

As a screening tool to identify symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, the Pediatric Autonomic Symptoms Scale was administered to parents of children with familial dysautonomia, autism spectrum disorders, and age-matched controls. The total scores for the presence of symptoms were compared among the 3 groups for each section and overall. The Pediatric Autonomic Symptoms Scale distinguished controls from children with familial dysautonomia and autism spectrum disorders with scores from each section and overall scores. Familial dysautonomia children scored significantly higher in visceral symptoms, while children with autism spectrum disorders scored significantly higher in psychosocial symptoms. In familial dysautonomia, the concordance for the presence of symptoms within sections and overall scores ranged from 71% to 100%. The concordance for absence of autonomic dysfunction symptoms in controls ranged from 75% to 87.5%. The Pediatric Autonomic Symptoms Scale is comprehensive and can profile autonomic dysfunction in the 2 neurodevelopmental disorders. Its usefulness in other pediatric disorders remains to be studied.
MEK1/2 Overactivation Can Promote Growth Arrest by Mediating ERK1/2‐Dependent Phosphorylation of p70S6K

The extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway has been involved in the positive and negative regulation of cell proliferation. Upon mitogen stimulation, ERK1/ERK2 activation is necessary for G1‐ to S‐phase progression whereas when hyperactived, this pathway could elicit cell cycle arrest. The mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated but a kinase‐independent function of ERK1/2 has been evidenced in the MAPK‐induced growth arrest. Here, we show that p70S6K, a central regulator of protein biosynthesis, is essential for the cell cycle arrest induced by overactivation of ERK1/2. Indeed, whereas MEK1 silencing inhibits cell cycle progression, we demonstrate that active mutant form of MEK1 or MEK2 triggers a G1 phase arrest by stimulating an activation of p70S6K by ERK1/2 kinases. Silencing of ERK1/2 activity by shRNA efficiently suppresses p70S6K phosphorylation on Thr421/Ser424 and S6 phosphorylation on Ser240/244 as well as p21 expression, but these effects can be partially reversed by the expression of kinase‐dead mutant form of ERK1 or ERK2. In addition, we demonstrate that the kinase p70S6K modulates neither the p21 gene transcription nor the stability of the protein but enhances the translation of the p21 mRNA. In conclusion, our data emphasizes the importance of the translational regulation of p21 by the MEK1/2‐ERK1/2‐p70S6K pathway to negatively control the cell cycle progression. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 903–915, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Research on stereo vision matching algorithm for rescue robot

After coal mine gas explosion and other accidents, rapid rescue is an important task. The underground tunnel is generally narrow and the number of people passing through it is limited. Therefore, a real-time detection technique is urgently needed to feedback the mine environment in real time and locate the trapped miners accurately. Under the actual environment, the rescue robot technology is urgently needed in the underground abominable environment. The rescue robot can use the airborne binocular camera to respond the downhole environment to the ground operation platform in real time. Due to the complexity of the environment in the mine, we must study a robust, real-time and accurate matching algorithm to restore the real scenes in the mine. In this paper, the improved census algorithm is used for stereo vision matching, and compared with the traditional SAD algorithm in the matching performance, and the superiority of the improved census algorithm is proved.
Involvement of PACAP in acid-induced HCO3- response in rat duodenums.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptides (PACAP) stimulate duodenal HCO3- secretion in the rat. The present study was performed to determine whether endogenous PACAP is involved in the mechanism of acid-induced HCO3- response in the duodenum, using a PACAP antagonist, PACAP6-27. Under urethane anaesthetised conditions, a duodenal loop that was made between the pylorus and the area just above the outlet of the common bile duct was perfused with saline, and the HCO3- secretion was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method and by adding 10 mM HCl. Duodenal HCO3- secretion was significantly stimulated by i.v. administration of PACAP-27 (8 nmol kg-1) as well as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP: 8 nmol kg-1). The effect of PACAP-27 (8 nmol kg-1) was equivalent to that induced by prostaglandin E2 (300 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) and significantly suppressed by either PACAP6-27 (40 nmol kg-1, i.v.) or VIP antagonist (Ac-Tyr1, D-Phe2-VIP: 40 nmol kg-1, i.v.). These peptide antagonists suppressed duodenal HCO3- secretory response to VIP but did not have any effect on either basal or PGE2-stimulated HCO3- secretion. On the other hand, the duodenal mucosa responded to acidification by increasing HCO3- secretion in a indomethacin-sensitive manner, and this process was also significantly suppressed by both PACAP6-27 and VIP-antagonist. Duodenal damage induced by acid perfusion (100 mM HCl for 4 h) was significantly worsened by PACAP6-27, VIP antagonist as well as indomethacin at the doses that suppressed acid-induced HCO3- secretion. These findings suggest that PACAP may play a role in local modulation of the duodenal mucosal integrity, by mediating the HCO3- secretory response induced by mucosal acidification.
Changing Identities and Evolving Conceptions of Inquiry through Teacher-Driven Professional Development

This STEM education study investigates the Streamline to Mastery professional development program, in which teachers work in partnership with university researchers to design professional development opportunities for themselves and for fellow teachers. Our research describes the process of teacher professional growth both through changes in agency and through a shared pursuit of an improved understanding of classroom scientific inquiry. Videos, emails, lesson reflections, survey responses, and interviews were analyzed to glean insight into changes in teacher discourse around inquiry and into their shifts in participation within the professional community they established. Implications for professional development in STEM education are discussed.
Does periconceptional multivitamin use reduce the risk of neural tube defects associated with other birth defects? data from two population-based case-control studies.

The role of periconceptional folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) is well established. However, it is not clear whether a protective effect exists for the subset of nonsyndromic NTD with other "unrelated" major structural birth defects (NTD-multiples). This question is important to investigate because of shared pathogenetic mechanisms between NTD and other types of birth defects, and because of the epidemiologic differences that have been shown between NTD-multiples and NTD-singles. We analyzed data from two population-based case-control studies of NTDs, Atlanta 1968-1980, and California 1989-1991, to assess whether periconceptional multivitamin use reduces the risk of NTD-multiples. Maternal vitamin histories were assessed for 47 and 65 NTD-multiples cases and 3,029 and 539 control babies in Atlanta, and California, respectively. There was a substantial risk reduction associated with periconceptional multivitamin use (-3 to +3 months) for NTD-multiples (pooled odds ratio = 0.36, 95% C.I. 0.18-0.72) that persisted after adjustment for maternal race/ethnicity and education. Also, no specific types of NTDs or NTDs with specific defects explained the risk reduction with vitamin use. These data suggest that multivitamins reduce the risk of nonsyndromic NTD cases associated with other major birth defects. The implication of this finding for the role of vitamins in the prevention of non-NTD birth defects should be further explored.
Visualizations for Justifying Machine Learning Predictions

Machine learning has seen its uses continually grow into fields far removed from its computer science and statistical roots. Users with no training in machine learning and now confronted with the task of deciding whether to accept or reject a prediction from a machine learning algorithm that they do not have the training to understand. This system addresses this issue by providing visualization idioms that justify to the user why a prediction was made given important or outlying features.
Reinvestigating who benets and who loses from universal child care in Canada

We extend earlier research evaluating the Quebec Family Policy by providing the rst evidence on the distributional eects of universal child care on two specic developmental outcomes. Our analysis uncovers substantial policy relevant heterogeneity in the estimated eect of access to subsidized child care across two developmental score distributions for children from two-parent families. Whereas past research reported ndings of negative eects on mothers and children from these families, igniting controversy, our estimates reveal a more nuanced image that formal child care can indeed boost developmental outcomes for children from some households: particularly disadvantaged single-parent households. In addition, we document signicant heterogeneity that diers by child gender. We present suggestive evidence that the heterogeneity in policy eects that emerges across child gender and family type is consistent with dierences in the home learning environments generated by parents behaviors that are previously present and are shaped by responses to the policy.
Endothelium‐dependent relaxation of the pig aorta: relationship to stimulation of 86Rb efflux from isolated endothelial cells

1 Bradykinin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and acetylcholine each relaxed histamine‐contracted strips of pig aorta in a dose‐dependent manner. These relaxations were abolished when the endothelium was removed. 2 Relaxation induced by ATP was mimicked by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) but adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine were about 120 times less potent. 3 Relaxation induced by acetylcholine was antagonized by atropine in a competitive manner, and carbachol induced the same degree of relaxation as acetylcholine, but was about 10 times less potent. 4 The calcium ionophore, A23187, also induced a dose‐dependent relaxation of pig aortic strips provided the endothelium was present, suggesting that a rise in the level of ionized calcium within the endothelial cells is one means by which vascular smooth muscle relaxation can be triggered. 5 Bradykinin, ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine and A23187 each induced a dose‐dependent increase in 86Rb efflux from preloaded pig aortic endothelial cells. The dose‐response curves for stimulation of 86Rb efflux and for endothelium‐dependent relaxation were similar for each individual compound. ADP was equipotent with ATP, but AMP and adenosine were about 120 times less potent. 6 Neither acetylcholine nor carbachol, in concentrations that induce endothelium‐dependent relaxation, had any effect on 86Rb efflux from isolated aortic endothelial cells. 7 Lanthanum, which blocks calcium influx, abolished the increases in 86Rb efflux induced by bradykinin and ATP, and the calcium ionophore A23187 was the most effective stimulant of 86Rb efflux, suggesting that the potassium transport induced by these agents is calcium‐activated. 8 It is concluded that endothelial responses to bradykinin and ATP can be assessed by monitoring 86Rb efflux, which probably reflects a calcium‐activated efflux of potassium associated with the endothelium‐dependent vascular relaxation induced by these agents. This pathway is apparently not involved in endothelial responses to acetylcholine.
Constitutive activation of STAT transcription factors in acute myelogenous leukemia

Abstract: Hematopoietic growth factors (HGF) are essential for proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursors and activate a distinct set of JAK‐STAT (Janus kinases‐signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins. Previous results from our group have shown a strong expression of JAK‐STAT proteins in primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts and AML cell lines. Here, we asked whether a constitutive activation of the JAK‐STAT pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of AML. We could demonstrate a constitutive activation of STAT1, 3 and 5 by immunoprecipitation of the tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in different human AML cell lines. Three patterns of STAT activation were found: (I) activation of only STAT1, (II) activation of STAT1 in combination with STAT3, and (III) activation of STAT1, 3 and 5. Furthermore, STAT1 and 3 formed stable heterodimers only in cell lines with constitutive STAT3 activation. In all cell lines analyzed, tyrosine phosphorylation of the four known Janus kinases could not be detected, although JAK1 was stably associated with STAT3. To further analyze whether a constitutive activation of tyrosine kinases might contribute to the autonomous growth of AML blasts, inhibitor studies were performed. The tyrphostin AG490, an inhibitor of the JAK‐STAT pathway, but not A1, an inactive tyrphostin induced a time‐ and dose‐dependent growth arrest without overt morphological signs of differentiation in AML cell lines. Our results show that STAT transcription factors are constitutively activated in human AML cell lines and might contribute to the autonomous proliferation of AML blasts. Inhibition of this pathway might be of interest for the establishment of more specific antileukemic strategies.
Clustering by feature optimization for static community detection

Now-a-days the research on community detection is gaining lot of attention. Different applications of these communities are very common in modern days. Most common application appears in social network to build a platform of people sharing common interests in different aspect. This community detection technique is mainly deployed on network structure. This network may be physical one like power grid or a virtual one like Facebook. One of the strongest approaches in community detection is to extract patterns from the behaviour of the participating members and their activities. Task of pattern extraction is commonly done by identifying features. This work performs feature identification and optimization of identified feature to group members of a network into different communities. The work has been experimented on some standard test benches and that produce some good result.
Exploring the Health‐Related Quality of Life Among Children With Moderate Asthma

&NA; Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases, impacting more than 10% of children in Taiwan. The recurrent signs and symptoms and complexity of disease management impact the life quality of children with asthma. The purpose of this study was to describe the content and dimensions of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among children with moderate asthma by descriptive qualitative research based on in‐depth interviews. Eleven children, aged 6‐12 years, and their mothers from two medical centers in central Taiwan were interviewed and tape recorded. The transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Six themes relevant to the children's QOL with asthma were identified: (1) physical disturbances of signs/symptoms, (2) limitations of activity, (3) emotional distress, (4) discord in parent‐child relationships, (5) restrictions in school social life and (6) daily inconvenience of managing the disease. These findings highlight the ways in which the overall quality of life of children is impacted by asthma including the physiological and psychosocial domains. The breadth of these findings may lead to greater insights into the nursing care of children with asthma.
A meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies on divergent thinking using activation likelihood estimation

In this study, an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis was used to conduct a quantitative investigation of neuroimaging studies on divergent thinking. Based on the ALE results, the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that distributed brain regions were more active under divergent thinking tasks (DTTs) than those under control tasks, but a large portion of the brain regions were deactivated. The ALE results indicated that the brain networks of the creative idea generation in DTTs may be composed of the lateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex [such as the inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) and precuneus (BA 7)], anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (BA 32), and several regions in the temporal cortex [such as the left middle temporal gyrus (BA 39), and left fusiform gyrus (BA 37)]. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 46) was related to selecting the loosely and remotely associated concepts and organizing them into creative ideas, whereas the ACC (BA 32) was related to observing and forming distant semantic associations in performing DTTs. The posterior parietal cortex may be involved in the semantic information related to the retrieval and buffering of the formed creative ideas, and several regions in the temporal cortex may be related to the stored long‐term memory. In addition, the ALE results of the structural studies showed that divergent thinking was related to the dopaminergic system (e.g., left caudate and claustrum). Based on the ALE results, both fMRI and structural MRI studies could uncover the neural basis of divergent thinking from different aspects (e.g., specific cognitive processing and stable individual difference of cognitive capability). Hum Brain Mapp 36:2703–2718, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural Characterization of the SARS-Coronavirus Spike S Fusion Protein Core*

The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses mediates viral entry into host cells. It is a type 1 viral fusion protein that characteristically contains two heptad repeat regions, denoted HR-N and HR-C, that form coiled-coil structures within the ectodomain of the protein. Previous studies have shown that the two heptad repeat regions can undergo a conformational change from their native state to a 6-helix bundle (trimer of dimers), which mediates fusion of viral and host cell membranes. Here we describe the biophysical analysis of the two predicted heptad repeat regions within the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein. Our results show that in isolation the HR-N region forms a stable α-helical coiled coil that associates in a tetrameric state. The HR-C region in isolation formed a weakly stable trimeric coiled coil. When mixed together, the two peptide regions (HR-N and HR-C) associated to form a very stable α-helical 6-stranded structure (trimer of heterodimers). Systematic peptide mapping showed that the site of interaction between the HR-N and HR-C regions is between residues 916–950 of HR-N and residues 1151–1185 of HR-C. Additionally, interchain disulfide bridge experiments showed that the relative orientation of the HR-N and HR-C helices in the complex was antiparallel. Overall, the structure of the hetero-stranded complex is consistent with the structures observed for other type 1 viral fusion proteins in their fusion-competent state.