Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Well Do Neurosurgeons Care for Trauma Patients? A Survey of the Membership of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma

OBJECTIVE To quantify the trauma community’s perceptions about neurosurgeons’ involvement in trauma. METHODS Mail survey of the membership of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. RESULTS The response rate was 33.6% (280 of 833 mailings). Eighty-four percent of respondents practiced in an academic setting, and 51% reported that neurosurgery residents were available in their hospitals at night and on weekends. Approximately 60% reported that neurosurgeons were in charge of the care of adults with isolated head injuries (HIs) who had been operated on. A similar percentage thought that neurosurgeons should be in charge of such patients’ care. Only 31.5% indicated that neurosurgeons were in charge if no operation had been performed (P < 0.001 versus patients who had been operated on), but 42.1% thought that neurosurgeons should be in charge of patients who had not been operated on (P < 0.001 versus neurosurgeons who actually were in charge of such patients). The same question was asked with regard to adults with both HIs and systemic injuries and with regard to children with HIs with and without systemic injuries. In general, the actuality of a leadership role for neurosurgeons depended on whether a craniotomy had been performed, and it was believed that more neurosurgeons should be in charge than actually were in charge of patients with HIs. Reluctance to insert intracranial pressure monitors was the most commonly reported problem (44.8% of respondents) with regard to neurosurgeons’ care of patients with HIs. All problems were reported to be significantly more common when in-house neurosurgery residents were not available. More than 40% of respondents indicated that non-neurosurgeons should be allowed to insert intracranial pressure monitors, and 14% thought that non-neurosurgeons should be allowed to perform trauma craniotomies. These opinions were strongly associated with the reporting of problems in neurosurgeons’ performance in these areas (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Neurosurgeons frequently yield responsibility for managing patients with HIs to other specialists, but more frequent leadership of neurosurgeons in this area would be welcome. Reported problems with neurosurgical care of trauma patients may be related to a lack of immediate availability of neurosurgeons, such as the absence of in-house neurosurgery residents at night. Failure of neurosurgeons to address perceived deficiencies in their care of trauma patients may lead to serious erosion of the central role of neurosurgeons in managing patients with HIs.
Examining the Differential Longitudinal Performance of Directive versus Empowering Leadership in Teams

This study integrates theories from the leadership and team development literatures to resolve ambiguity regarding the relative benefits of empowering and directive leadership in teams by focusing on their influence on team development processes over time. Empirical results based on longitudinal performance data from 60 teams suggest that teams led by a directive leader initially outperform those led by an empowering leader. However, despite lower early performance, teams led by an empowering leader experience higher performance improvement over time because of higher levels of team learning, coordination, empowerment, and mental model development. Implications for current and future team leadership research are discussed.
Assessment of the effectiveness of light-emitting diode and diode laser hybrid light sources to intensify dental bleaching treatment

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the color change of hybrid light-emitting diode (LED) and low-intensity infrared diode laser devices for activating dental bleaching and to verify the occurrence of a color regression with time. Material and methods. A total of 180 specimens obtained from human premolars were immersed in a coffee solution for 15 days for darkening and then divided into eight experimental groups (n = 20 in each) as follows: G1, bleaching without light; G2, bleaching with halogen light; G3, bleaching with a blue LED (1000 mW/470 nm) and a laser device (120 mW/795 nm) simultaneously; G4, bleaching with an LED emitting blue light (1000 mW/470 nm); G5, bleaching with a blue LED (800 mW/470 nm) and a laser device (500 mW/830 nm) simultaneously; G6, bleaching with a blue LED device (800 mW); G7, bleaching with a green LED (600 mW/530 nm) and a laser device (120 mW/795 nm) simultaneously; and G8, bleaching with a green LED (600 mW). Three measurements were performed (at baseline and 14 days and 12 months after bleaching) using a Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and a Tukey test. Results. All groups showed significantly higher ΔE values than Group G1, with the exception of Group G8. Variations in the ΔE values at 14 days were significant when compared with those obtained at baseline and after 12 months. Conclusions. Light activation of the bleaching gel provided faster and more intense bleaching than use of the bleaching gel without light activation. Combinations of low-intensity diode lasers are ineffective as a bleaching gel activator. Color regression was observed after 12 months of storage.
Sadroid: A Deep Classification Model For Android Malware Detection Based On Semantic Analysis

Previous works have designed many deep learning models for Android malware detection using various features (e.g. permissions, APIs et.) to achieve better classification performance. However, these methods usually input each feature into the classifier independently and completely (using One-Hot Encoding) so that features are orthogonal to each other. This discrete representation is difficult to preserve the semantic information of features. In this paper, we design two feature segmentation methods to enhance the semantics of the features in preprocessing. Besides that, we propose a malware detection model that consists of a distributed representation process for Android features and an optimized convolutional neural network for classification, named Semantic Analysis Detection (SADroid). In SADroid, the distance between features with similar semantics is closer in vector space. It provides the semantic information of features to the classifier to improve the classification performance. In the evaluation, SADroid outperforms the advanced models in detection accuracy on a data set of 19,600 applications, while maintaining a low computational cost.
Environmental Risk Communication and Management Based on Stakeholders’ Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Case of Maptaphut Industrial Development Area, Thailand

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Introduction 1-1 1.2 Research Objectives 1-4 1.3 Scope of The Study 1-5 1.4 Overview of Methodology 1-7 1.4. 1 Selection of a case study 1-8 1.4. 2 Development of study framework 1-9 1.4. 3 Data collection 1-10 1.4. 4 Sampling groups 1-11 1.4. 5 Data analysis 1-12 1.5 Definition of Terminology 1-13 CHAPTER 2: THEORITICAL CONTEXT 2.1 General Introduction 2-1 2.2 Environmental Risk Management 2-1 2.3 Risk Communication 2-2 2.4 Risk-related Concepts 2-4 2.5 Risk Perception and Judgment 2-5 2.6 Factors Determining Risks 2-6 2.7 Social Trust, Risk Perception, Cooperation 2-9 2.8 Uncertainty Communication and Trust 2-9 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 General Introduction 3-1 3.2 Study Framework 3-1 3.2.1 Investigation on stakeholders’ risk perception and identification of causes of risk perception gap 3-1 3.2.2 Investigation on the significance of uncertainty communication to social trust building 3-3 3.3 Case Study: Maptaphut Municipality 3-4 3.3.1General physical characteristics of Maptaphut Municipality and industrial estate 3-4 3.3.2 Role of Japanese government in supporting the industrial estate development in Maptaphut 3-5 3.3.3 Socio-economic characteristics of residents in Maptaphut Municipality 3-6 3.3.4 Environmental problems 3-6 3.3. 5 Health impacts suffered by residents 3-10 3.3. 6 The current risk communication 3-12 3.4 Determining Sampling groups 3-14 3.4. 1 Sampling groups for in-depth interviews 3-14 3.4. 2 Sampling groups for the questionnaire surveys 3-15
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Score is an Independent Predictor of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and impaired left ventricular (LV) function, yet the impact of NAFLD on right ventricular (RV) function remains unclear. We investigate the RV functional properties in patients with NAFLD. METHODS Ninety consecutive patients with the diagnosis of biopsy-proven NAFLD and 45 age- and sex-matched controls were included. All patients underwent an echocardiographic examination. RV function was evaluated by two-dimensional (2D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE). RESULTS Mean fibrosis stage and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scores were 1.3 ± 1.1 and 5.2 ± 1.6, respectively. NAFLD patients displayed decreased RV function compared to controls. NAFLD patients with liver fibrosis (67 patients) had significantly lower RV function assessed by GLS (global longitudinal strain) compared to patients without liver fibrosis (18.9 ± 3.4% vs. 21.6 ± 2.3%, P < 0.001). NASH score ≥5 was associated with lower RV-GLS (18.9 ± 3.1% vs. 21.0 ± 3.4%, P = 0.006). NASH score inversely correlated with RV-GLS (r = -0.370, P < 0.001) such as patients with impaired RV-GLS (<19%) showed significantly higher NASH score compared to normal RV-GLS group (5.8 ± 1.4 vs. 4.8 ± 1.7, P = 0.009). Logistic regression analysis revealed that NASH score was an independent predictor of impaired RV function in patients with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Patients with NAFLD have impaired RV function. NASH score inversely correlates with RV-GLS and independently predicts impaired RV function in patients with NAFLD.
Terrorism, war, and global air traffic

It is thought that one of the affected industries of the 9/11 terror event was the global airline industry through the attack's effects on global air traffic demand for international, scheduled flights. Using data from the International Civil Aviation Organization, this article considers whether this was indeed the case. The study applies panel data analysis, focusing on the 20 largest airline companies. We find that when one takes account of potential confounding factors such as the general state of the economy, global air traffic was not greatly affected by the general level of terrorist attacks worldwide, and that it takes a truly exceptional event such as 9/11 to find a measurable impact on air traffic demand. Even then, the measured effect for the industry as a whole is small in magnitude. The reason for this finding appears to be that the demand for international scheduled air flights is rather heterogeneous across airlines. Aggregating across the whole of the global industry is not in all instances warranted.
Are Stock Markets Driven More by Sentiments than Efficiency

In this paper, we investigate whether the sentiment contained in text of news items influences a company's stock price. With the means of sentiment analysis, a quantitative approach for measuring sentiment in text, we derive scores for positive and negative sentiment contained in news. Next, we relate these quantities to stock market prices. By regression analysis we show that the sentiment contained in text of news items affects a company's stock prices. This reveals that human sentiments influence capital markets and shows the potential of sentiment analysis as a quantitative approach to measure opinion with possible applications in e.g. public opinion tracking or brand and product management.
Phoma glomerata as a Mycoparasite of Powdery Mildew

ABSTRACT Ampelomyces and Phoma species are frequently confused with each other. Isolates previously attributed to the genus Ampelomyces were shown to be Phomaisolates through studies of their morphology and life cycle and ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region 1 sequence analysis.Phoma glomerata can colonize and suppress development of powdery mildew on oak and may have utility as a mycoparasitic agent.
Use of botulinum toxin in voice restoration after laryngectomy

Abstract Background: Following laryngectomy, a distinct population of patients fails to achieve successful tracheoesophageal voice. These patients' voices range from strained and effortful to none at all. Such patients may present with severe hypertonicity or spasm of the pharyngoesophageal segment. Botulinum toxin has been used to chemically denervate the pharyngeal musculature, and is an alternative to invasive surgical procedures. The aim of this article is to review the evidence for using botulinum toxin to achieve an improvement in post-laryngectomy voice. Methods: A Medline literature review (1966 to January 2009) and a search of the Cochrane database were performed. Foreign language articles and those not pertaining to post-laryngectomy voice restoration were excluded. Results: Nine articles reporting a total of 134 patients were identified. Although there were differences in the outcome measures used, objective improvement in voice production occurred in between 70 and 100 per cent of cases. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin can be used as a safe and cost-effective treatment in patients with confirmed pharyngoesophageal segment hypertonicity and/or spasm following laryngectomy, to obtain an improvement in voice quality.
Asymmetric information and joint venture performance : Theory and evidence for domestic and international joint ventures

The increased number of perspectives on joint ventures (JVs) raises important issues for theory development on interfirm collaboration. In this paper, we bring together two key theoretical perspectives on joint ventures—the asymmetric information perspective and the indigestibility view. On a theoretical level, we focus on the relationship between these two different explanations of joint ventures. We also present new evidence on the firm valuation effects of JVs in domestic and international investment contexts. The findings lend support to the asymmetric information perspective on resource combination through joint ventures. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel MultiPipe QUIC Protocols to Enhance the Wireless Network Performance

To improve the performance of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC) was introduced. However, from the recent literature, in the wireless networks, QUIC does not fully utilize the link capacity, because of varying network wireless medium characteristics for an application. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, this paper has proposed two novel protocols to overcome the wireless network’s challenges, by MultiPipe (multi sessions) QUIC protocol (MP-QUIC). The two MP-QUIC’s novel protocols are (i) Round Robin MP-QUIC (RR-MP-QUIC) and (ii) Cross-Layer Burst Aware MP-QUIC (CBA-MP-QUIC). In RR-MP-QUIC, multiple pipes are created between source as well as destination and assign a pipe to each object in a round-robin manner. We set up the testbed over live air commercial network. The experimental results reveal that the RR-MP-QUIC Page Load Time (PLT) of a web page decreases by 76% with respect to QUIC. Furthermore, to improve the performance of RR-MPQUIC, we proposed CBA-MP-QUIC, which optimally creates pipes, efficiently schedules the objects and understands with respect to cross-layer (wireless channel characteristics and load in data link layer) parameters. Hence this adapts dynamically to the network conditions and maintains fairness between the applications in User Equipment (UE) and within the same application. Experimental result of CBA-MP-QUIC on live air improves the web page PLT by 143% with respect to QUIC.
Regenerative Facial Reconstruction of Terminal Stage Osteoradionecrosis and Other Advanced Craniofacial Diseases with Adult Cultured Stem and Progenitor Cells

Background: Treatment options in cases of severe craniofacial disorders with bone loss and tissue damage are usually limited to vascularized and nonvascularized tissue transfers, allografts, mechanical devices and, more recently, facial transplantation. Despite the therapies available, the demand for new approaches is realized in cases where current therapies are unable to resume form and function. This study presents the feasibility of alternative treatments based on cultured bone marrow cells that yield mixed populations of mesenchymal, hematopoietic, and endothelial lineages at very early stages implemented as part of a novel regenerative procedure. Methods: One hundred milliliters of a bone marrow aspirate was inoculated into the automated single-pass perfusion technology system, AastromReplicell, for the development of the cellular product, tissue repair cells. After 12 days of incubation, cells were exposed to a specially designed osteogenic environment in an autogenous fibrin-rich and platelet-rich clot and membrane with a mineral base of &bgr;-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. Results: A case of maxillary and mandibular radionecrosis (stage IIIR) with pathologic fracture presented early osteogenesis, total recovery from alveolar nerve anesthesia, facial nerve reinnervation, and skin regeneration. Another case with nonhealed fracture, bone loss, and bilateral paresthesia demonstrated callus formation, bone regeneration, and nerve recovery. Finally, maxillary bone regenerated after massive deficiency. Oral functional restoration with implants and fixed prosthesis was accomplished in all cases. Conclusion: After nerve, bone, skin, and vessel formation in three patients with severe abnormality, bone marrow–derived mixed cultured stem cell lineages could be considered a new paradigmatic approach to advanced disease.
The Relation between Cash Holdings and R&D Expenditures According to Ownership Structure

In this paper, we examine how the cash holdings have an impact on R&D expenditures and whether the ownership mechanisms moderate the R&D expenditures- the resource of internal funds relationship. The result showed that cash holdings have a positively relationship with R&D expenditures. Specially, we found that institutional ownership had a positive moderating effect of the R&D expenditures-the resource of internal funds relationship. In additional analysis, the large business group and the share of managers doesn’t moderate the relationship between cash holdings and R&D expenditures. These results provide that institutional investor in Korea tend to be long-term oriented, “active” and “sophisticated” investor. They are less likely to evaluate corporate executives on the basis of short-term earnings alone and are more likely to support value-creating.
Cholesterol removal by some lactic acid bacteria that can be used as probiotic

In the present study, the relationship between exopolysaccharide production and cholesterol removal rates of five strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus isolated from home‐made yoghurt was studied. Test strains were selected according to their exopolysaccharide production capacity. Influence of different bile concentrations on cholesterol removal was investigated. It was confirmed that B3, ATCC 11842 and G11 strains which produce high amounts of exopolysaccharide (211, 200 and 159 mg/l, respectively) were able to remove more cholesterol from the medium compared to those that produce low amounts of exopolysaccharide (B2, A13). The highest cholesterol removal (31%) was observed by strain L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B3, producing a high amount of exopolysaccharide, in 3 mg/ml bile concentration. Cholesterol removal by resting and dead cells was investigated and it was found to be 4%–14% and 3%–10%, respectively. Cholesterol removal by immobilized and free cells of the B3 strain was studied and it was determined that immobilized cells are more effective. Influence of cholesterol on exopolysaccharide production has also been tested and it was found that cholesterol increased the production of EPS. The results indicated that: (i) there is a correlation between cholesterol removal and EPS production; and (ii) L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B3 is regarded as a suitable candidate probiotic and adjunct culture.
Effect of Intravenous Fructose 1,6-Diphosphate Administration in Malnourished Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure

Background: Weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and can influence the course and the prognosis of COPD. Hypophosphatemia is a pathologic status often characterized by muscle weakness and is a frequent laboratory finding in these patients. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an organic phosphate (fructose 1,6-diphosphate, FDP) administration on respiratory performance in 45 malnourished COPD patients in stable clinical conditions. Methods: Physiologic evaluation including spirometry, maximal voluntary ventilation (MMV), elevated arm test, maximal mouth pressures (PImax and PEmax), respiratory response to CO2, oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) arterial tension, a visual analogic scale (VAS) to measure dyspnea, and complete blood tests were done at the beginning and again at the end of the study. Results: After FDP administration, there was a significant increase in PImax (43.0 ± 18.3 cm H2O before treatment vs. 49.8 ± 14.9 cm H2O after treatment; p < 0.005). This did not occur in the placebo group (40.3 ± 17.4 cm H2O before treatment vs. 42.6 ± 20.1 cm H2O after treatment, nonsignificant). There was also a trend of VAS to decrease and of MVV to increase. Conclusions: These results show that FDP administration may be useful in the management of malnourished COPD patients, especially in increasing their respiratory muscle strength.