Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eigenvector Statistics of Sparse Random Matrices

We prove that the bulk eigenvectors of sparse random matrices, i.e. the adjacency matrices of Erdős-Renyi graphs or random regular graphs, are asymptotically jointly normal, provided the averaged degree increases with the size of the graphs. Our methodology follows [6] by analyzing the eigenvector flow under Dyson Brownian motion, combining with an isotropic local law for Green's function. As an auxiliary result, we prove that for the eigenvector flow of Dyson Brownian motion with general initial data, the eigenvectors are asymptotically jointly normal in the direction $q$ after time $\eta_*\ll t\ll r$, if in a window of size $r$, the initial density of states is bounded below and above down to the scale $\eta_*$, and the initial eigenvectors are delocalized in the direction $q$ down to the scale $\eta_*$.
The stressfulness of daily social roles for women: marital, occupational and household roles.

An anion exchange is carried out between an aqueous solution of a hydroxylamine salt and an organic solution of a formiate of an amine which is insoluble in water in accordance with the reaction: NH2OH . HXaq. + A . HCOOHorg. -> A . HXorg. + NH2OH . HCOOHaq.
Evolution of dry powder inhaler design, formulation, and performance.

Many companies are now prioritizing the development of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) above pressurized formulations of asthma drugs. A well-designed DPI and an appropriate powder formulation can optimize the effectiveness of inhaled drug therapy. A DPI must be able to deliver medications effectively for most patients, and an ideal inhaler would provide a dose that does not vary with inspiratory flow rate. Recent regulatory guidelines, among which the U.S. FDA draft guidance is the most stringent, demand consistent dose delivery from an inhaler throughout its life and consistency of doses from one inhaler to another. However, the properties of free micronized powders often interfere with drug handling and with drug delivery reducing dose consistency. Recent advances in formulation technology can increase lung dose and reduce its variability. While a perfect DPI may never exist, both device and formulation technology are evolving to rectify perceived deficiencies in earlier systems.
An incremental feature selection approach based on scatter matrices for classification of cancer microarray data

Microarray data are often characterized by high dimension and small sample size. There is a need to reduce its dimension for better classification performance and computational efficiency of the learning model. The minimum redundancy and maximum relevance (mRMR), which is widely explored to reduce the dimension of the data, requires discretization and setting of external parameters. We propose an incremental formulation of the trace of ratio of the scatter matrices to determine a relevant set of genes which does not involve discretization and external parameter setting. It is analytically shown that the proposed incremental formulation is computationally efficient in comparison to its batch formulation. Extensive experiments on 14 well-known available microarray cancer datasets demonstrate that the performance of the proposed method is better in comparison to the well-known mRMR method. Statistical tests also show that the proposed method is significantly better when compared to the mRMR method.
Heart failure in the elderly

Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem worldwide entailing high morbidity and mortality as well as high costs. [1] This chronic syndrome associates with a low functional status and quality of life. Most patients with HF are elderly, constituting up to 80% of patients suffering from this disease with both incidence and prevalence of the condition increasing with age. [2] This is due to the progressive aging of the population as well as improved and better survival after cardiac insults, such as myocardial infarction, especially in developed countries. Notably, acute HF is the leading cause of hospitalization in patients over 65 years. Accordingly, early diagnosis and proper treatment are critical as they both influence prognosis in these patients. [3] Major therapeutic advancements, including drug development and some technological improvements related to HF therapies, have occurred in the last decade. [4] However, there is concern about whether patients treated every day in our clinical practice are similar to those included in clinical trials where these therapeutic strategies clearly demonstrated clinical efficacy. This is especially so for elderly patients, often under-represented or excluded in such large clinical trials. [5] Of note, the term “elder” has been applied until recently to patients with more than 65 years of age. Nevertheless, given the aging population, the age group that includes “elderly patients” has shifted to over 70–80 years, with all the implications that this change implies. These patients are even more underrepresented in large controlled clinical trials. Therefore most experts consider further evidence is required, especially regarding issues related to specific characteristics of the elderly population. In addition, the importance of proper diagnosis and adequate and optimized therapy, which also refers to treatment of comorbidities, should be highlighted. Likewise, issues regarding the end-of-life care ought to be addressed with major attention in the subset of very old patients with HF.  In patients with HF, age is associated with an increased
EPINEPHRINE OR GV-26 ELECTRICAL STIMULATION REDUCES INHALANT ANESTHESTIC RECOVERY TIME IN COMMON SNAPPING TURTLES (CHELYDRA SERPENTINA)

Abstract Prolonged anesthetic recovery times are a common clinical problem in reptiles following inhalant anesthesia. Diving reptiles have numerous adaptations that allow them to submerge and remain apneic for extended periods. An ability to shunt blood away from pulmonary circulation, possibly due to changes in adrenergic tone, may contribute to their unpredictable inhalant anesthetic recovery times. Therefore, the use of epinephrine could antagonize this response and reduce recovery time. GV-26, an acupuncture point with reported β-adrenergic and respiratory effects, has reduced anesthetic recovery times in other species. In this prospective randomized crossover study, six common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) were anesthetized with inhalant isoflurane for 90 min. Turtles were assigned one of three treatments, given immediately following discontinuation of isoflurane: a control treatment (0.9% saline, at 0.1 ml/kg i.m.), epinephrine (0.1 mg/kg i.m.), or acupuncture with electrical stimulation at GV-26. Each turtle received all treatments, and treatments were separated by 48 hr. Return of spontaneous ventilation was 55% faster in turtles given epinephrine and 58% faster in the GV-26 group versus saline (P < 0.001). The times to movement and to complete recovery were also significantly faster for both treatments than for saline (P < 0.02). Treated turtles displayed increases in temperature not documented in the control (P < 0.001). Turtles administered epinephrine showed significantly increased heart rates and end-tidal CO2 (P < 0.001). No adverse effects were noted in the study animals. The mechanisms of action were not elucidated in the present investigation. Nevertheless, the use of parenteral epinephrine or GV-26 stimulation in the immediate postanesthetic period produces clinically relevant reductions in anesthetic recovery time in common snapping turtle. Further research is necessary to evaluate the effects of concurrent GV-26 and epinephrine administration and to assess responses in other reptilian species.
Induction of Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Type II Expression in Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer Cells through SP1 Activation by 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine*

Previous studies suggest that estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells acquire resistance to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) because of reduced expression levels of TGF-β receptor type II (RII). We now report that treatment of ER+ breast cancer cells with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-2′-dC) leads to accumulation of RII transcript and protein in three different cell lines. RII induction restored TGF-β response in MCF-7L breast cancer cells as indicated by the enhanced activity of a TGF-β responsive promoter-reporter construct (p3TP-Lux). A transiently transfected RII promoter-reporter element (RII-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) showed an increase in activity in the 5-aza-2′-dC-treated MCF-7L cells compared with untreated cells, suggesting the activation of a transactivator of RII transcription. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the enhanced binding of proteins from 5-aza-2′-dC-treated MCF-7L nuclear extracts to radiolabeled Sp1 oligonucleotides was demonstrated. An RII promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase construct containing a mutation in the Sp1 site was not expressed in the 5-aza-2′-dC-treated MCF-7L cells, further demonstrating that induction of Sp1 activity by 5-aza-2′-dC in the MCF-7L cells was critical to RII expression. Northern analysis indicated that 5-aza-2′-dC treatment did not affect the Sp1 transcript levels. Western blot analysis revealed an increase of Sp1 protein in the 5-aza-2′-dC-treated MCF-7L cells, but there was no change in the c-Jun levels. Studies after cyclohexamide treatment suggested an increase in the Sp1 protein stability from the 5-aza-2′-dC-treated MCF-7L extracts compared with untreated control extracts. These results indicate that the transcriptional repression of RII in the ER+ breast cancer cells is caused by suboptimal activity of Sp1, whereas treatment with 5-aza-2′-dC stabilizes the protein thus increasing steady-state Sp1 levels and thereby leads to enhanced RII transcription and subsequent restoration of TGF-β sensitivity.
C1-Esterase Inhibitor in Uncomplicated Pregnancy and Mild and Moderate Preeclampsia

Summary Routine coagulation tests and measurement of the plasma levels of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) and antithrombin III were performed in 17 women with mild preeclampsia, 10 women with moderate preeclampsia and 20 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. All pregnant probands were within the third trimester of pregnancy. 20 non-pregnant women were used as controls. The gfoups were matched in age and the pregnant ones were also matched in gestational age. C1-INH activity and antigen were significantly reduced (p <0.002) in normally pregnant women as compared with nonpregnant ones. Further, CI-INH activity was lower in women with mild preeclampsia and significantly lower in women with moderate preeclampsia (p <0.05) as compared with normally pregnant women. None of the plasmatic coagulation tests was indicative of a consumption reaction. We conclude that C1-INH activity and antigen reductions are commonly associated with pregnancy. Furthermore, as markedly lower values can be found in mild and moderate preeclampsia, measurement of the C1-INH activity in pregnant women within the third trimester might proof useful to establish the diagnosis of a preeclamptic condition.
Using grammars for scene interpretation

A method that employs grammars to direct the inference process of a vision system that does interpretation of dynamic scenes is described. The system uses a set of qualitative image descriptors to drive the interpretation. The result is a 'natural language' description of scene activities. In addition the inference engine generates a set of predictions that can be used to control the interpretation strategy so as to make the processing of new images more efficient. The system has been implemented in an expert system shell to demonstrate the viability of the approach. Results on real images are reported.
Right or Wrong?

How does the brain respond to statements that clash with a person's value system? We recorded event-related brain potentials while respondents from contrasting political-ethical backgrounds completed an attitude survey on drugs, medical ethics, social conduct, and other issues. Our results show that value-based disagreement is unlocked by language extremely rapidly, within 200 to 250 ms after the first word that indicates a clash with the reader's value system (e.g., “I think euthanasia is an acceptable/unacceptable…”). Furthermore, strong disagreement rapidly influences the ongoing analysis of meaning, which indicates that even very early processes in language comprehension are sensitive to a person's value system. Our results testify to rapid reciprocal links between neural systems for language and for valuation.
Mayo's Older African Americans Normative Studies: Norms for Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association, Category Fluency, Animal Naming, Token Test, Wrat-3 Reading, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, and Judgment of Line Orientation

ABSTRACT Normative data for older African Americans are presented for several clinical neuropsychological measures, including Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association, Category Fluency, Token Test, WRAT-3 Reading, Trail Making Test, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Judgment of Line Orientation. Age-adjusted norms were derived from a sample of 309 cognitively normal, community-dwelling individuals, aged 56 through 94, participating in Mayo's Older African Americans Normative Studies (MOAANS). Years of education were modelled on age-scaled scores to derive regression Equations that may be applied for further demographic correction. These data should enhance interpretation of individual test performances and facilitate analysis of neuropsychological profile patterns in older African American patients who present for dementia evaluations.
Chondrules: Precursors and interactions with the nebular gas

Abstract– Chondrule compositions suggest either ferroan precursors and evaporation, or magnesian precursors and condensation. Type I chondrule precursors include granoblastic olivine aggregates (planetary or nebular) and fine‐grained (dustball) precursors. In carbonaceous chondrites, type I chondrule precursors were S‐free, while type II chondrules have higher Fe/Mn than in ordinary chondrites. Many type II chondrules contain diverse forsteritic relicts, consistent with polymict dustball precursors. The relationship between finer and coarser grained type I chondrules in ordinary chondrites suggests more evaporation from more highly melted chondrules. Fe metal in type I, and Na and S in type II chondrules indicate high partial pressures in ambient gas, as they are rapidly evaporated at canonical conditions. The occurrence of metal, sulfide, or low‐Ca pyroxene on chondrule rims suggests (re)condensation. In Semarkona type II chondrules, Na‐rich olivine cores, Na‐poor melt inclusions, and Na‐rich mesostases suggest evaporation followed by recondensation. Type II chondrules have correlated FeO and MnO, consistent with condensation onto forsteritic precursors, but with different ratios in carbonaceous chondrites and ordinary chondrites, indicating different redox history. The high partial pressures of lithophile elements require large dense clouds, either clumps in the protoplanetary disk, impact plumes, or bow shocks around protoplanets. In ordinary chondrites, clusters of type I and type II chondrules indicate high number densities and their similar oxygen isotopic compositions suggest recycling together. In carbonaceous chondrites, the much less abundant type II chondrules were probably added late to batches of type I chondrules from different O isotopic reservoirs.
Chapter 5 Breaking Bad News in the Provider-Recipient Context : Understanding the Hesitation to Share Bad News from the Sender ’ s Perspective

Arguably, information represents the most critical commodity in healthcare settings. Providers and recipients both require timely and accurate information to make the best decisions regarding the recipient’s care. Unfortunately, health outcomes are not always positive. Healthcare providers often find themselves in the position of having to share negative information with their recipients and their recipients’ families. Sharing negative information is commonly referred to as breaking bad news. And because bad news typically contains information directly relevant to the recipient, it is important that providers are able to break bad news optimally.
Human Hair: An Unexpected Source of Cat Allergen Exposure

Background: Cat allergens are ubiquitous because the clothing of cat owners constitutes an important source of distribution of Fel d 1 in cat-free environments. Since Fel d 1 can adhere to a variety of surfaces, we sought to verify if human hair belonging to individuals with or without a cat at home might represent a reservoir and be a possible carrier of cat allergens. Methods: Seventy-three women (25 with a non-neutered male cat and 25 with a dog at home, and 23 controls without any direct contact with these animals) were recruited. The collection of material from hair was carried out using a modified version of a battery-powdered portable sampler. Particulate material was harvested onto glass fiber filters (25 mm in diameter, with a pore size of 2 µm; AP 20 Millipore, Milan Italy), extracted in phosphate buffer with BSA and then assayed for the evaluation of cat allergen using an ELISA based on anti-Fel d 1 monoclonal antibody. Results: Detectable levels of cat allergen were found in 2 controls, in 2 women with a dog at home and in 13 women with a cat at home, respectively. Conclusions: In some women with a cat at home, hair constitutes a significant reservoir of Fel d 1. It is likely that these amounts of cat allergen might contribute to allergic sensitization when released in cat-free environments.
JumpNet: Improving Connectivity and Robustness in Unstructured P2P Networks by Randomness

We propose a self-organizing algorithm that maintains a high degree of connectivity and robustness in unstructured P2P networks. The algorithm is based on the "jump" primitive that periodically replaces overlay links at each node. The algorithm produces and maintains P2P networks that closely approximate sparse random graphs. Although the sparse random graphs have low degree, they are well connected and possess low diameter. This makes them good candidates for common P2P networks. Through a series of simulation experiments, we confirm that the jump algorithm leads to a network topology with these desirable properties if we start with an ad-hoc network. P2P networks conditioned through jumps also accomplish search and broadcast operations very effectively as compared to both simulated and real-life systems such as the Gnutella ultrapeer network.
The Relationship Between Executive Function, AD/HD, Overeating, and Obesity

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and obesity are complex, costly disorders affecting physical, emotional, and social well-being. Executive function (EF), the cognitive ability for self-understanding and regulation, is often impaired in AD/HD, yet rarely considered in treatment of obese individuals with AD/HD. The hypothesis for this study is that low EF is seen in individuals with 4 or more symptoms of adult AD/HD and is associated with overeating behaviors leading to obesity. A nonexperimental single group design was used. A volunteer convenience sample (n = 125) completed EF, AD/HD, eating, and BMI measures. Path analysis tested the hypothesized/ modified model. Chi square (χ2 = 6.15, df = 6, p = .4) and RMSEA (0.014) indicated a very good fit for the data. Assessment of EF and AD/HD symptoms in obese individuals is supported. Further study is needed to more fully understand this relationship and to develop strategies to address overeating behaviors in obese individuals with AD/HD.
Exploration vs. Exploitation: An Empirical Test of the Ambidexterity Hypothesis

While exploration and exploitation represent two fundamentally different approaches to organizational learning, recent literature has increasingly indicated the need for firms to achieve a balance between the two. This balanced view is embedded in the concept of ambidextrous organizations. However, there is little direct evidence of the positive effect of ambidexterity on firm performance. This paper seeks to test the ambidexterity hypothesis by examining how exploration and exploitation can jointly influence firm performance in the context of firms' approach to technological innovation. Based on a sample of 206 manufacturing firms, we find evidence consistent with the ambidexterity hypothesis by showing that (1) the interaction between explorative and exploitative innovation strategies is positively related to sales growth rate, and (2) the relative imbalance between explorative and exploitative innovation strategies is negatively related to sales growth rate.
EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL GINSENOSIDES, GINKGOLIDES AND FLAVONOIDS ON CYP2C19 AND CYP2D6 ACTIVITY IN HUMAN LIVER MICROSOMES

1 The effects of four individual ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd), two ginkgolides (A and B) and one flavonoid (quercetin) on CYP2C19‐dependent S‐mephenytoin 4¢‐hydroxylation and CYP2D6‐mediated bufuralol 1¢‐hydroxylation were evaluated in human liver microsomes. 2 Increasing concentrations of each test compound were added to microsomal incubation mixtures containing a well‐characterized marker substrate (S‐mephenytoin for CYP2C19 or bufuralol for CYP2D6) to determine their IC50 values (compound concentration yielding 50% inhibition of a marker enzyme activity), which were estimated by graphical inspection. 3 For CYP2C19, the IC50 values were 46, 46 and 62 mmol/L for ginsenoside Rd, quercetin and ginsenoside Rb2, respectively, whereas only ginsenoside Rd had an IC50 value of 57 mmol/L for CYP2D6. 4 The data suggest that the tested compounds are not likely to inhibit the metabolism of the concurrent use of a given drug whose primary route of elimination is through CYP2C19 or CYP2D6.
The golden section hypothesis.

The golden section hypothesis states that a visual form is most aesthetically pleasing when the ratio of the dimensions (x,y) equals the ratio of the larger dimension to the sum of the two, i.e. x/y = y/(x + y). The ratio of larger to smaller is then 1.618. A review of studies of the golden section hypothesis indicates that the attempt to determine preferences for certain ratios by asking subjects to rank a fixed series of stimuli does not lead to meaningful results. A simple experiment shows that about half of the subject rank the stimuli in order of increasing or decreasing ratio. The study of preferred ratios from drawings is subject to fewer methodological problems. The modal length-to-breadth ratio of 515 drawn ellipses was found to be 1.60-1.79, close to the golden section. However, a similar "preference" was found for the length of the drawings, indicating that such group preferences are probably of little aesthetic or psychological importance.