Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidences for tangential migrations in Xenopus telencephalon: Developmental patterns and cell tracking experiments

Extensive tangential cell migrations have been described in the developing mammalian, avian, and reptilian forebrain, and they are viewed as a powerful developmental mechanism to increase neuronal complexity in a given brain structure. Here, we report for the first time anatomical and cell tracking evidence for the presence of important migratory processes in the developing forebrain of the anamniote Xenopus laevis. Combining developmental gene expression patterns (Pax6, Nkx2.1, Isl1, Lhx5, Lhx9, and Dll3), neurotransmitter identity (GABA, NOS, ChAT), and connectivity information, several types of putative migratory cell populations and migration routes originating in the ventral pallium and the subpallium are proposed. By means of in vivo cell tracking experiments, pallio‐subpallial and subpallio‐pallial migrating neurons are visualized. Among them, populations of Nkx2.1+ striatal interneurons and pallial GABAergic interneurons, which also express the migratory marker doublecortin, are identified. Finally, we find that these tangentially migrating pallial interneurons travel through an “isl1‐free channel” that may guide their course through the subpallium. Our findings strongly suggest that the developing Xenopus telencephalon shares many similarities with amniotes in terms of neuronal specification and migrations. However, some differences are discussed, particularly with regard to the evolution of the pallium. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media suppresses inflammatory bone loss in a lipopolysaccharide-induced murine model

Conditioned media (CM) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contains various cytokines, growth factors and microRNAs, which may serve important roles in modulating the inflammatory process. However, the effect of MSC-CM on inflammatory bone loss remains unknown. The present study investigated the effects of conditioned media from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC-CM) on the prevention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated bone loss in mice. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this effect, the effects of AMSC-CM on serum levels of inflammation-associated cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-10] in LPS-treated mice, in addition to their mRNA expression in LPS-treated macrophages, was investigated. Micro-computed tomography and histological analysis revealed that AMSC-CM administration effectively inhibited LPS-induced bone destruction in vivo. ELISA analysis indicated that AMSC-CM significantly reduced the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6) in LPS-treated mice. Furthermore, AMSC-CM treatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in macrophages treated with LPS. These findings indicate that AMSC-CM inhibits LPS-induced bone loss by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting that the use of AMSC-CM may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
Coordination of Multi-Agent Systems with Communication Delays

Abstract In this paper, we investigate coordination of a network of second-order dynamic agents under communication delays. Based on the frequency-domain analysis and matrix theory, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the system converging to stationary consensus and dynamic consensus are obtained, respectively. The conditions depend on the communication delay, the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix, and the interconnection topology of the network. Moreover, we apply the consensus algorithm to the formation control of the multi-agent system with communication delays. The agents in the system can achieve arbitrary desired formation pattern, and the formation moves in a desired velocity. Simulation results illustrate the correctness of the results.
Mass Transfer in Rotating Reverse Osmosis Based on Couette-Taylor Flow

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is an efficient process for the removal of ionic and organic pollutants from wastewater. However, flux decline and rejection deterioration due to concentration polarization and membrane fouling hinders the application of RO technology. Rotating RO takes advantage of high shear and the Taylor vortex instability to reduce the flux decline related to concentration polarization and membrane fouling. This process was investigated as a novel method for wastewater recovery. The mass transfer coefficient in rotating RO was experimentally determined based on film theory. A model developed for rotating RO allowed the prediction of flux and pollutant rejection over a wide range of design and operational parameters. The model matches the experimental results from a labscale rotating RO system very well. According to the model, rotating RO shows better flux and rejection than a non-rotating system by effectively reducing concentration polarization.
SOX1 antibodies in sera from patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes

Objectives – SOX1 antibodies have been described in patients with Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) in association with voltage‐gated calcium channel antibodies as serological markers of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study was aimed to screen for additional SOX1 autoimmunity in onconeural antibody‐positive sera from patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) other than LEMS and to identify the clinical–immunological profile and associated tumours of patients with coexisting SOX1 antibodies. Methods– We retrospectively analysed sera from 55 patients with different PNS positive for well‐characterized antineuronal antibodies for the presence of SOX1 antibodies by recombinant ELISA and immunoblot. Results– Eight (14.5%) patients showed additional SOX1 antibodies in the ELISA and the recombinant immunoblot. Five patients had coexisting Hu antibodies, while the other three showed coexisting CV2/CRMP5, amphiphysin, and coexisting CV2/CRMP5 and Hu antibodies, respectively. PNS included (partially overlapping) subacute sensory neuropathy, subacute sensorimotor neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, brainstem encephalitis, encephalomyelitis and limbic encephalitis. No tumour was detected in two patients, while the others had lung cancer (four SCLC and two non‐SCLC). One patient showed SOX1‐specific intrathecal antibody synthesis. Conclusions– We describe SOX1 reactivity for the first time overlapping with CV2/CRMP5 and amphiphysin antibodies. SOX1 reactivity is predominantly associated with Hu antibodies and SCLC, but can occur also in other types of lung cancer. Neurological manifestations present in patients with coexisting SOX1 antibodies and well‐characterized antineuronal antibodies do not differ from those previously described in patients positive for antineuronal antibodies but no SOX1‐specific anti‐glial antibodies.
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Orofacial Pain : A Review

Matrix Metalloproteinases in Orofacial Pain: A Review Glauce Crivelaro do Nascimento1 , Christie Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi1 1Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Dentistry School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-904, SP, Brazil. Corresponding Author: Leite-Panissi CRA. Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Dentistry School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-904, SP, Brazil. Tel: 55 16 3315-4124; Email: christie@forp.usp. br
NEW APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE

Micturition is governed by 35 different reflexes; however, only 3 major factors are associated with maintaining continence: urethral closure pressure, which sustains closure and provides resistance to urine flow; intra-abdominal pressure, which increases during physical exertion and generates pressure within the abdominal cavity; and pressure transmission, wherein abdominal pressure is transmitted to the proximal urethra. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is caused by diminished urethral function, either through intrinsic sphincter deficiency or urethral hypermobility. The causes of these malfunctions are numerous and are best understood in terms of the neurophysiology of the lower urinary tract. There are numerous treatment approaches to SUI: behavioral changes and exercise, surgery (in severe cases), and pharmacotherapy (no drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]). Each approach has shown benefit in some women. Surgery is the most effective approach with respect to cure rate but is only used in those with severe SUI that is adversely affecting the patient’s quality of life. Recent advances in our understanding of the neurourologic mechanisms of SUI have led to the development of duloxetine, a balanced serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Clinical studies to date have shown that it is a safe and effective treatment for SUI. If approved by the FDA, it will be the first drug to be indicated specifically for SUI. (Adv Stud Med. 2004;4(2A):S88-S94)
Needs of women patients with mental illness

This is the first in a series of papers in APT to be devoted to issues of gender and mental health (Bartlett & Hassell, 2001; Cremona & Etchegoyen, 2001; Kennedy, 2001, this issue; Kohen, 2001b; Kohen & Arnold, 2001; see also Kohen, 2001a, this issue). Ideas for further papers are welcome: please
Sum rules and the Szego condition for Jacobi matrices

We consider Jacobi matrices J with real b_n on the diagonal, positive a_n on the next two diagonals, and with u'(x) the density of the absolutely continuous part of the spectral measure. In particular, we are interested in compact perturbations of the free matrix J_0, that is, such that the a_n go to 1 and b_n go to 0. We study the Case sum rules for such matrices. These are trace formulae relating sums involving the a_n's and b_n's on one side and certain quantities in terms of the spectral measure on the other. We establish situations where the sum rules are valid, extending results of Case and Killip-Simon. The matrix J is said to satisfy the Szego condition whenever the integral int_{0}^{pi} log [u'(2 cos t)] dt, which appears in the sum rules, is finite. Applications of our results include an extension of Shohat's classification of certain Jacobi matrices satisfying the Szego condition to cases with an infinite point spectrum, and a proof that if n(a_n - 1) go to a, nb_n go to b, and 2a < |b|, then the Szego condition fails. Related to this, we resolve a conjecture by Askey on the Szego condition for Jacobi matrices which are Coulomb perturbations of J_0. More generally, we prove that if a_n = 1 + a/n^c + O(n^{-1-eps}) and b_n = b/n^c + O(n^{-1-eps}) with 0 0, then the Szego condition is satisfied if and only if 2a >= |b|
A Profile of Innovative Women Entrepreneurs

Women entrepreneurs, mainly as a result of culture, have been found to have traits different from their male counterparts and yet they grapple with similar business issues including the need to continuously change and innovate. It is therefore striking that very little is known about the innovative practices of women entrepreneurs, especially those in developing countries. In the study attempt is made to generate a profile of innovative women entrepreneurs based on their personal and business characteristics. Data are compiled from a sample of 138 women entrepreneurs in Peninsular Malaysia, and analysed using ANOVA to determine any correlation between the independent and dependent variables. The results indicate that women’s entrepreneurial innovativeness is very much affected by their age and education, as well as the type, location and size of business. The study then proceeds with the development of their profile and concludes with several research and managerial implications.
Small Signal Dynamics of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines During Riding Through Symmetrical Faults in Weak AC Grid

Instability issues of the grid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines (WTs) during low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) have got little attention yet. In this paper, the small-signal behavior of DFIG WTs attached to weak ac grid with high impedances during the period of LVRT is investigated, with special attention paid to the rotor-side converter. First, based on the studied LVRT strategy, the influence of the high-impedance grid is summarized as the interaction between phase-looked loop (PLL) and rotor current controller (RCC). As modal analysis result indicates that the underdamped poles are dominated by PLL, complex torque coefficient method, which is conventionally applied in power system to study the interaction between mechanical and electrical subsystems of synchronous generator, is generalized to analyze how the PLL-RCC interaction influence the phase motion of PLL. Then, the concerned small-signal stability of the PLL-synchronized DFIG system can be discerned by the developed complex phase coefficients. Impacts of PLL's and RCC's parameters are highlighted, as well as the system's operating conditions during LVRT. Finally, the analytical result is validated by experiments.
Super Abrasive Machining of Integral Rotary Components Using Grinding Flank Tools

Manufacturing techniques that are applied to turbomachinery components represent a challenge in the aeronautic sector. These components require high resistant super-alloys in order to satisfy the extreme working conditions they have to support during their useful life. Besides, in the particular case of Integrally Bladed Rotors (IBR), usually present complex geometries that need to be roughed and finished by milling and grinding processes, respectively. In order to improve their manufacturing processes, Super Abrasive Machining (SAM) is presented as a solution because it combines the advantages of the use of grinding tools with milling feed rates. However, this innovative technique usually needed high tool rotary speed and pure cutting oils cooling. These issues implied that SAM technique was not feasible in conventional machining centers. In this work, these matters were tackled and the possibility of using SAM in these five-axis centers with emulsion coolants was achieved. To verify this approach, Inconel 718 single blades with non-ruled surfaces were manufactured with Flank-SAM technique and conventional milling process, analyzing cutting forces, surface roughness, and dimension accuracy in both cases. The results show that SAM implies a suitable, controllable, and predictable process to improve the manufacture of aeronautical critical components, such as IBR.
Effects of Green Tea ( Camellia Sinensis ) on Liver Function Tests of Mice on High Fat Diet

Aim: To evaluate the effects of green tea on liver enzymes of mice on high fat diet. Methods: Sixty adult mice, Balb-C strain were selected and divided into three groups. The control group was given standard laboratory diet throughout the study. In experimental group A, the study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, hepatic steatosis was induced by high fat diet containing 4 percent cholesterol powder and 40 percent butter fat for six weeks. In the second phase, experimental group was given normal diet with 1 percent green tea over a period of next six weeks. The experimental group B was given high fat diet containing 4 percent cholesterol powder and 40 percent butter fat with 1 percent green tea over a period of twelve weeks. Ten mice in each were sacrificed at six weeks & remaining ten was sacrificed at twelve weeks and liver enzymes were noted. Results: Results showed that high fat diet for six weeks produced significant hepatic steatosis, evident on biochemical analysis. When experimental group A (induction phase) with high fat diet was compared with the (reversal phase) on normal diet and green tea, statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was noted in terms of liver enzymes. Green tea reverted all parameters in experimental group B, which though reduced never reached the control value and remained somewhat elevated. Conclusion: It is therefore concluded that green tea protects against the development of hepatic steatosis and reduces hepatic injury in mice by decreasing liver enzymes.
Collimating and resonant properties of two-shell radially symmetric lenses

The collimating and resonant properties of a two-shell radially symmetric dielectric lens are studied in 2-D formulation using exact series solution. It is demonstrated that such a lens built from standard low permittivity materials can compete with the classical uniformly-layered multi-shell Luneburg lens in terms of collimating capabilities provided the layer thickness is properly selected. The simulation results obtained for lenses with cores made of Teflon, Rexolite, Fused Silica and Quartz are tabulated and represented in the form of a chart that enables determination of the optimal lens parameters without solving the corresponding diffraction problem. Validity of the obtained results for design of cylindrical and spherical lenses is proven by comparison with numerical and measure data reported by other authors. In addition, the impacts of air gap and whispering gallery modes on the collimating capabilities of the two-shell lenses are illustrated.
Homotypic Cell Cannibalism and Cannibalism Index-A Four Year Study in Inltrating Ductal Carcinoma Breast

Background: Homotypic cell cannibalism is a hallmark of malignant lesions. It serves as an emerging indicator of both the anaplastic grade and invasiveness. Aim and Objectives: The present study was conducted to correlate tumour cytological grade with the incidences of cell cannibalism. Material and Methods: Three stained smears per case were submitted for cytological grading. The smears were then submitted for visually counting the number of examples of cell cannibalism and the cannibalism index was calculated. Results: Seventy cytological diagnosed cases of breast malignancies were assessed for the presence of cell cannibalism. The results were correlated with the cytological grade of carcinoma. The study revealed that cell cannibalism was encountered in 68.57% cases of breast carcinoma. 44.4% of grade I, 71.4% of grade II and 100% of grade III tumours grade. It was observed that grade I tumours had mean cannibalism per smear of 1.62/1000 tumour cells smear, grade II mean cannibalism per smear of 2.50/ 1000 tumour cells and grade III mean cannibalism per smear 4.90/1000 tumour cells. Tumour diathesis and metastasis were also found more in cannibalism positive cases. Conclusion: The phenomenon of cell cannibalism was encountered more in high grade tumours. Thus it can be designated as an emerging marker of anaplasia and aggressive tumour behaviour.
Effect of heat stress in tropical livestock and different strategies for its amelioration

Stress is a broad term, generally used in negative connotation and is described as the cumulative detrimental effect of a variety of factors on the health and performance of animals. Heat stress occurs in animals when there is an imbalance between heat production within the body and its dissipation. Heat stress is one of the wide varieties of factors which causes oxidative stress
A SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE BANDPASS FILTER USING NOVEL DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE SHAPE

In this paper, a X-band wideband bandpass fllter based on a novel substrate integrated waveguide-to-defected ground structure (SIW-DGS) cell is presented. In the cell, the DGS is etched on the top plane of the SIW with high accuracy, so that the performance of the fllter can be kept as good as possible. Finally, the fllter, consisting of three cascaded cells, is designed and measured to meet compact size, low insertion loss, good return loss as well as smooth group delay. There is good agreement between the measurement and simulation results.
Consumption of ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) among Malaysian children and association with socio-demographics and nutrient intakes – findings from the MyBreakfast study

ABSTRACT Background: The association between different types of breakfast meals and nutrient intakes has been studied to a lesser extent. Objective: This study compared nutrient intakes at breakfast and throughout the day between Malaysian children who consumed ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) and those who did not. Methods: Anthropometric and dietary data for 1955 children aged 6–12 years from the MyBreakfast study were used in the analysis. Results: Overall, 18% of the children consumed RTEC at breakfast on at least one of the recall days. RTEC consumption was associated with younger age, urban areas, higher income and education level of parents. Among consumers, RTEC contributed 10% and 15% to daily intakes of calcium and iron respectively and ≥20% to daily intakes of vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin. RTEC consumers had significantly higher mean intakes of vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron and sugar but lower intakes of fat and sodium than non-RTEC consumers at breakfast and for the total day. Conclusion: Consumption of fortified RTEC at breakfast was associated with lower fat and sodium intakes and higher intakes of several micronutrients both at breakfast and for the total day. However, total sugar intakes appeared to be higher.
Neuromodulation Methods to Suppress Tinnitus in Somatosensory Subtypes: A Case Series

Background: Some initial evidence suggests that neurofeedback and electrical stimulation therapy modalities may suppress tinnitus in some individuals. This study retroactively examined a case series of adults treated for tinnitus using varied neuromodulatory interventions, to explain relationships between etiological factors for tinnitus and differential responses to these interventions. Methods: Eight tinnitus client records were used to examine the efficacy of several different neuromodulation modalities used to treat tinnitus, which included neurofeedback, cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES), and microcurrent electrical therapy (MET). Pre- and posttreatment measures (BAI, BDI, BHS, PSQI, THI, and TSS) were then compared for changes related to treatment outcomes. Results: Paired-sample t-tests showed the Tinnitus Severity Scale (TSS) and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) to be significantly different following treatment, with tinnitus severity subsiding and sleep quality improving. Discriminant function analysis using the TSS, THI, and PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) difference scores correctly classified all (100%) participants in either the somatosensory or nonsomatosensory groups. Conclusions: Results of this small pilot study suggest that MET can improve tinnitus symptoms for individuals with a somatosensory form of the disorder in which tinnitus percept is unilateral or greater in degree on one side, fluctuates in intensity, and appears to involve musculoskeletal or central nervous system overarousal pathogenesis.
Visual and acoustic signaling in three species of Brazilian nocturnal tree frogs (Anura, Hylidae)

Visual and acoustic signaling in three species of Brazilian nocturnal tree frogs (Anura, Hylidae). Visual communication seems to be widespread among nocturnal anurans, however, reports of these behaviors in many Neotropical species are lacking. Therefore, we gathered information collected during several sporadic field expeditions in central and southern Brazil with three nocturnal tree frogs: Aplastodiscus perviridis, Hypsiboas albopunctatus and H. bischoffi. These species displayed various aggressive behaviors, both visual and acoustic, towards other males. For A. perviridis we described arm lifting and leg kicking; for H. albopunctatus we described the advertisement and territorial calls, visual signalizations, including a previously unreported behavior (short leg kicking), and male-male combat; and for H. bischoffi we described the advertisement and fighting calls, toes and fingers trembling, leg lifting, and leg kicking. We speculate about the evolution of some behaviors and concluded that the use of visual signals among Neotropical anurans may be much more common than suggested by the current knowledge.