Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infection in El Behara Schoolchildren.

This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasite in schoolchildren in Damanhur, Egypt and some of its villages. The pathogenic enteric protozoa have been progressively involved in bargaining the soundness of a great many individuals, for the most part in creating nations. Mediations are being set up to control the dreariness and mortality because of these protozoan contaminations. A portion of these mediations target school going kids with regards to class based wellbeing intercession. The present examination concentrated on exploring the commonness of intestinal protozoan contaminations among younger students chose networks comprising of urban, urban-poor and per urban settlements in the Damanhour and a few towns. In the present work Giardia lamblia was the second usually identified protozoan with a diseases rate 10.4% among the analyzed cases. In the present examination generally speaking level of parasitic contaminations among the kids was 57.3%. It's viewed as Enterobius vermicularis was the most usually identified protozoan as it spoke to 4.1% of the parasitic diseases in the considered cases pursued by Ascaris lumbricoides; 1.4% and Giardia lamblia contaminations as they spoke to 0.6%; separately. The protozoa like Giardia and Cryptosporidium are regularly present in surface waters and cause episodes in this manner legitimately affecting human wellbeing.
Rice Cultivation in Sabah, Malaysia I. Yield and yield components in major paddy areas

The yield of rice is made up of four components, i.e. number of panicles, number of spikelets per panicle, percentage of ripened grains and weight of one thousand grains (kernels) . ' > However, as far as varieties which have a similar weight of one thousand grains are concerned, the weight of one thousand grains slightly influences the grain yield and thus can be disregarded. Therefore, the yield can be well expressed by the product of the number of grains per unit field area and the percentage of ripened grains. The former parameter is an index of the sink capacity and the latter is the ratio of the amount of starch available during the ripening period to the capacity of the sink. «> In order to obtain higher yield, one has firstly to increase the number of spi kelets per unit field area. 0 l When the number of spikelets per unit field area is extremely small, no definite correlation between the yield and the percentage of ripened grains can be demonstrated (case 1) . As the number of spikelets per unit field area increases, the percentage of ripened grains tends to decrease. With the further increase in the number of spikelets per unit field area, the percentage of ripened grains decreases, showing a negative correlation between them0> (case 2). In the case l, the most important aspect is how to increase the number of spikelets per unit field area, and in the case 2, it is how to increase the percentage of ripened grains.l, 2,0> It is necessary for rice growers to identify the yield components of their rice in order to increase the yield. To estimate yield and yield components by means of sampling, methods of sampling must be studied to determine the number of hills to be sampled, and the variability of individual yield components (units) . To estimate the mean values of these units at a level of similar preciseness a large number of sample must be used for a unit with larger variability and a less number of samples for a unit with lower variability. Research on the estimation of the yield and yield components of rice plants and the coefficient of variance of the yield and yield components in individual fields was carried out during the period from 1977 to 1979.
Automatic Detection and Correction of Client-Side and Server-Side Input-Validation Inconsistencies

This work presents an approach to automatically identify and correct erroneous or insufficient validation of the user inputs within web applications. Inside the context of web applications, developers typically perform redundant input validation in both the client and the server components of the application. Input validation is performed on both sides in order to avoid efficiency and security problems. In fact, client-side validation is used to improve the responsiveness of the web application, as it allows for responding without communicating with the server, whereas server-side validation is necessary for security reasons, as malicious users can easily circumvent client-side checks. The main idea behind this approach is that it is possible to leverage the redundancy in these checks to automatically identify and correct inconsistencies within input validation functions. In fact, the approach extracts client- and server-side validation functions for each input field, models them as deterministic finite automata and compares the corresponding client- and server-side deterministic finite automata to identify, report and correct the possible inconsistencies between the two sets of checks. The evaluation of the approach and its implementation are promising and have been applied to a set of real world web applications. The prototype was able to automatically identify and correct a large number of inconsistencies detected in the input validation functions of the web applications.
Common Core Bacterial Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer Based on Multiple Datasets

Recent studies have shown that microorganisms may be associated with the onset and development of bladder cancer. The purpose of this study is to identify the common core bacteria associated with bladder cancer. We characterized the urinary microbial profile of the individuals with bladder cancer by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the results of 24 bladder cancer samples collected in our laboratory reveal 31 common core bacteria at genera level. In addition, the abundance of four common core bacteria is significantly higher in bladder cancer samples than in samples from nondiseased people analyzed by LEfSe, based on two previous datasets. In particular, the abundance of Acinetobacter is much higher in bladder cancer samples. It has been reported that Acinetobacter is involved not only in biofilm formation but also in the adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells, the spread of bacteria caused by the degradation of phospholipids in the mucosal barrier, and the escape of the host immune response. Thus, Acinetobacter may be related to bladder cancer and is a potential microbial marker of bladder cancer. However, due to the limited number of participants, further studies are needed to better understand the role of microorganisms in bladder cancer to provide novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
Decreased transcription factor binding levels nearby primate pseudogenes suggests regulatory degeneration

Characteristics of pseudogene degeneration at the coding level are well-known, such as a shift towards neutral rates of nonsynonymous substitutions and gain of frameshift mutations. In contrast, degeneration of pseudogene transcriptional regulation is not well understood. Here, we test two predictions of regulatory degeneration along the pseudogenized lineage: (1) decreased transcription factor binding and (2) accelerated evolution in putative cis-regulatory regions. We find evidence for decreased TF binding levels nearby two primate pseudogenes compared to functional liver genes. We also find evidence for pseudogene-lineage-specific relaxation of sequence constraint on a fragment of the promoter of the primate pseudogene urate oxidase (Uox) and a nearby cis-regulatory module (CRM). However, the majority of TF-bound sequences nearby pseudogenes do not show evidence for lineage-specific accelerated rates of evolution. We conclude that decreases in TF binding level could be a marker for regulatory degeneration, while sequence degeneration in most CRMs may be obscured by background rates of TF binding site turnover.
Advantages of Small-Seeded Species in Forests: Win-Win for Temporal and Spatial Dispersal among Seeds in Rhododendron

There is little consistent evidence for evolutionary associations from seed production to seedling fitness. In this study, 20 species of Rhododendron genus were selected from subtropical forests of southwest China; the life-history functional traits such as the seed size, seed number per twig, germination traits, dispersal and seedling survival were investigated, the ecological relationships among them were tested and the advantages of small-seeded species were discussed. The results show that the quantitative parameters of germination, such as the germination rate, potential, and index are positively correlated with seed number produced per stem, while temporal parameters, such as germination peak timing and duration are positively correlated with seed size. The two results indicate that different Rhododendron species with different seed sizes and relative seed number can deal with varying environments according to spatial dispersal or time dispersal, respectively, and the advantages of smaller seeds in the aspect of sprouting vigour, dispersal ability and seedling survival may lay the foundation for the establishment of small-seeded plants in the forest.
On the occurrence of non-axillary ovules in Tetraclinis articulata Mast

The cone morphology in Tetraclinis was studied to elucidate the taxonomic position of the genus. A careful analysis of the cone development shows that the characters used as arguments for an affiliation within Callitroideae are superficial and of little taxonomic significance. The developmental patterns indicate a position of Tetraclinis within Cupressoideae. Tetraclinis displays ovules inserted directly at the distal end of the cone axis and not born in the axil of a seed scale as recently shown for Juniperus (SCHULZ et al. 2003) and Microbiota (JAGEL & STÜTZEL 2001b). The close relationship between Tetraclinis, Juniperus and Cupressus as suggested by SAXTON (1913) based on embryological data, by GADEK & QUINN (1985) based on biflavones and by GADEK et al. (2000) based on DNS-sequences is supported by the morphological data presented here. Conflicting morphological concepts or morphological trees (e.g. GADEK et al. 2000) are in parts weakly supported and suffer either from ambiguous coding of morphological data or are based on historical morphological errors. To calculate reliable morphological trees, however, requires data of similar quality and cannot be achieved by using data which are tailed to the use in effective diagnostic keys. Zusammenfassung
Development and Evaluation of “Where are We?” Map-Skills Software and Curriculum

The Where are We? software and lessons are designed to help children in grades two through four learn to “translate” between the visually-perceived world that they sense around them, and the schematic representation of that landscape on a map. Formative evaluation of a prototype version of Where are We? resulted in the following improvements in the instructional materials: more and prompter feedback for students, additional assessment tools for teachers, development of lessons to model successful map-using strategies, development of lessons to overcome common misconceptions, and replacement of text-based instructions with a voiceover demo. To evaluate whether the skills practiced in Where are We? transfer to a real-world setting, we have developed field-based tests of the ability to absorb information in the real world and transfer it onto a ma and, conversely, the ability to absorb information from a map and transfer it into an action in the real world. In our reality-to-map test, students place colored stickers on a map to indicate the location of similarly colored flags in the real world; in the map-to-reality test, students place large, colored, numbered disks on the ground to indicate the location of similarly-colored, numbered stickers on a map. Average performance for a class of 24 fourth graders improved on both the map-to-reality and reality-to-map tests after using Where are We? Some children classified with learning disabilities performed extremely well both with the software and on the field-tests, supporting the idea that spatial skills are not closely connected to the verbal skills usually emphasized by school tasks. The persistence of certain kinds of misconceptions on the post-test, and the uneven improvement of subscores representing different aspects of map-to-reality correspondence, suggest directions for improvement in Where are We?
Lymphoproliferative Disease Virus in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from Manitoba and Quebec, Canada

SUMMARY. This study describes the first recognized clinical case of lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) in Canada and extends the range of LPDV in Canada through its detection in Manitoba and Quebec. We assessed the prevalence of LPDV in eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) with the use of whole, clotted blood from live birds in Manitoba (n = 65) and tissue samples collected postmortem in Quebec (n = 4). We tested for LPDV proviral DNA through PCR amplification and sequencing of a portion of the gag (p31) gene. Samples were also tested for reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) by PCR. Twenty-four birds (34.8%) were positive for LPDV, including all diagnostic cases. One bird (1.4%) from Quebec had gross and microscopic lesions consistent with LPDV. Two turkeys (2.9%) were REV positive, one (1.4%) of which was co-infected with LPDV. Phylogenetic analysis of LPDV strains from Quebec and Manitoba grouped with previously sequenced samples from Ontario and publicly available sequences from a North American lineage. This study contributes valuable information toward ongoing surveillance and monitoring of LPDV in North America.
Object-Based Cognitive Map in the Human Hippocampus and Medial Prefrontal Cortex

A cognitive map, representing an environment around oneself, is necessary for spatial navigation. However, compared with its constituent elements such as individual landmarks, neural substrates of the coherent spatial information remain largely unknown. The present study investigated how the brain codes map-like representations in a virtual environment specified by relative positions of three objects. Representational similarity analysis revealed the object-based spatial environment in the hippocampus (HPC) when participants located their self-positions within it, while the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) represented it when they recollected a target object location relative to their self-body. During the recollection, task-dependent functional connectivity increased between the two areas implying exchange of self- and target-location signals between HPC and mPFC. Together, the coherent cognitive map may be recruited in HPC and mPFC for complementary functions when we relate ourselves with a target object including person for navigation, and presumably for social interactions.
Islet vascularization is regulated by primary endothelial cilia via VEGF-A dependent signaling

Accumulating evidence point to a role for primary cilia in endothelial cell function. Islet vascularization is an important determinant of islet function and glucose homeostasis. We have previously shown that β-cell cilia directly regulate insulin secretion. However, it is unclear whether primary cilia are also implicated in islet vascularization and thus contribute to glucose homeostasis. Objective To characterize the role of primary cilia in islet vascularization. Methods and Results At four weeks, Bbs4−/− islets show markedly lower intra-islet capillary density with enlarged diameters. We transplanted islets into the anterior chamber (ACE) of mouse eyes for longitudinal and non-invasive in vivo monitoring of vascular morphology. Bbs4−/− islets exhibited significantly delayed re-vascularization and enlarged vessels during engraftment. Similar vascular phenotypes were observed in two other ciliopathy models. By shifting the relative contributions of host versus donor endothelial cells in islet revascularization, we found that primary cilia on endothelial cells is essential for this process. Electron microscopy analysis further revealed a lack of fenestration in engrafted Bbs4−/− islets, partially impairing vascular permeability and glucose delivery to β-cells. Finally, we identified that Vascular endothelial cell growth factor A (VEGF-A)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signalling is involved in islet vascularization, islet function and vascular fenestration. In vitro silencing of two different ciliary genes in endothelial cells disrupts VEGF-A/ VEGFR2 internalization and phospho-activation of downstream signalling components. Consequently, key features of angiogenesis including proliferation, migration and tube formation are attenuated in BBS4 silenced endothelial cells. Conclusions Endothelial cell primary cilia regulate islet vascularization and vascular barrier function via VEGF-A/ VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Islet vascularization is impaired in four weeks old Bbs4−/− mice. Long-time monitoring of re-vascularization of WT and Bbs4−/− islets recapitulates the phenotype and demonstrates a role for cilia in islet vascularization and vascular barrier function. VEGF-A/ VEGFR2-dependent signalling is regulated by endothelial primary cilia.
Role of PKR in the Inhibition of Proliferation and Translation by Polycystin-1

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly caused by mutations in the PKD1 (~85%) or PKD2 (~15%) gene which, respectively, encode polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2). How PC1 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis has been studied for decades but the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is activated by interferons or double-stranded RNAs, inhibits protein translation, and induces cell apoptosis. In a previous study, we found that PC1 reduces apoptosis through suppressing the PKR/eIF2α signaling. Whether and how PKR is involved in PC1-inhibited proliferation and protein synthesis remains unknown. Here we found that knockdown of PKR abolishes PC1-inhibited proliferation and translation. Because suppressed PKR-eIF2α signaling/activity by PC1 would stimulate, rather than inhibit, the proliferation and translation, we examined the effect of dominant negative PKR mutant K296R that has no kinase activity and found that it enhances the inhibition of proliferation and translation by PC1. Thus, our study showed that inhibition of cell proliferation and protein synthesis by PC1 is mediated by the total expression but not the kinase activity of PKR, possibly through physical association.
Molecular mechanisms of substrate-controlled ring dynamics and sub-stepping in a nucleic-acid dependent hexameric motor

Ring-shaped hexameric helicases and translocases support essential DNA, RNA, and protein-dependent transactions in all cells and many viruses. How such systems coordinate ATPase activity between multiple subunits to power conformational changes that drive the engagement and movement of client substrates is a fundamental question. Using the E. coli Rho transcription termination factor as a model system, we have employed solution and crystallographic structural methods to delineate the range of conformational changes that accompany distinct substrate and nucleotide cofactor binding events. SAXS data show that Rho preferentially adopts an open-ring state in solution, and that RNA and ATP are both required to cooperatively promote ring closure. Multiple closed-ring structures with different RNA substrates and nucleotide occupancies capture distinct catalytic intermediates accessed during translocation. Our data reveal how RNA-induced ring closure templates a sequential ATP-hydrolysis mechanism, provide a molecular rationale for how the Rho ATPase domains distinguishes between distinct RNA sequences, and establish the first structural snapshots of substepping events in a hexameric helicase/translocase. SIGNIFICANCE Hexameric, ring-shaped translocases are molecular motors that convert the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into the physical movement of protein and nucleic acid substrates. Structural studies of several distinct hexameric translocases have provided insights into how substrates are loaded and translocated; however, the range of structural changes required for coupling ATP turnover to a full cycle of substrate loading and translocation has not been visualized for any one system. Here, we combine low-and high-resolution structural studies of the Rho helicase, defining for the first time the ensemble of conformational transitions required both for substrate loading in solution and for substrate movement by a processive hexameric translocase.
Promoter and Leader Sequence Effects on Immunological Potency of Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Delivering Tuberculosis Antigens

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated, replication defective strain of Vaccinia virus with the attributes of an optimal viral vaccine delivery system. An improved vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) is urgently required and until recently, the most advanced clinical candidate under development for use against TB was based on MVA vectoring a single mycobacterial antigen (MVA85A). Unfortunately, pre-clinical efficacy and potent immunogenicity in humans did not lead to improved protection in BCG vaccinated infants. There are a number of design features to consider in the development of a recombinant MVA (rMVA)-based vaccine. The current study undertook to assess how these might impact upon the immunological potency of MVA vectoring TB antigens. Specifically, the influence of vaccinia promoter selection and leader sequences was assessed. Vaccinia promoter selection influences antigen transcription and thereby expression. The relationship between antigen production, murine immunogenicity and protective efficacy was evaluated. The results support the conclusion that vaccinia promoter optimisation can increase immunological potency and efficacy. Virally vectored antigens can be fused to sorting signals for optimised intracellular processing. The immunomodulatory effects of two leader sequences were compared. The results suggest that the sorting signal currently incorporated in virally vectored TB candidates, such as MVA85A, might be subject to further optimisation for the induction of enhanced T cell responses. Overall, the results demonstrate that rMVA immunogenicity is intrinsically linked to the precise nature of transgene insertion. The value of an optimised vaccinia promoter might be to reduce the dose of rMVA required. Leader sequences represent an opportunity to enhance the quality of the antigen-specific response for improved protection. It is concluded that both vaccinia promoter selection and leader sequence optimisation should be a feature of future rMVA TB vaccine development.