Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Olympic Medal Counts: The Effects of Economic Development on Olympic Performance

The modern Olympics were conceived by their founder Pierre de Coubertin to be competition between individual athletes, not countries (IOC, 2000). The Olympic Spirit emphasizes participation rather than winning. In reality however, the success of a country’s athletes is held to be an important source of national prestige. By-country medal tables are widely published. A glance at Olympic history will immediately tell us that not all nations have an equal ability to win medals. In this past August, 199 countries participated in the Athens Olympics, and 124 countries did not win a single medal. On the other hand, the top ten winners collectively took home 514 medals, more than 50% of the medals available at the Athens Olympics. Therefore, a natural question to ask is why some countries are able to enjoy a great success in the Olympic arena, while others never have the chance to do so. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: https://digitalcommons.iwu. edu/parkplace/vol13/iss1/13
A twelve-year follow-up of preschool hyperactive children.

Two percent (N = 21) of a large sample of preschool children were identified as "pervasively hyperactive. " Compared with nonhyperactive preschoolers, these children more often came from families with high levels of adversity, and they showed poorer language skills. Over a 12-year follow-up period, the hyperactive preschoolers continued to show poorer cognitive skills, lower levels of reading ability, disruptive and inattentive behaviors at home and at school, and higher rates of DSM-III disorder in preadolescence and adolescence. By age 15, only one-quarter of this group were identified as having met "recovery" criteria. The findings point to the long-term adverse consequences of preschool hyperactivity and indicate the need for intervention with this type of disorder.
Natural Protection Against Cardiac Arrhythmias During Hibernation: Significance of Adenosine

Hibernation is a physiological adaptation to periods of seasonal resource limitation (Carey et al., 2003a; Drew et al., 2007). Hibernators undergo several bouts of torpor during a hibernation season. Torpor in hibernation is a period of profound bradycardia, tachycardia, metabolic suppression and decreased core body temperature (Drew et al. 2007). Hibernation is characterized by alternating phases of torpor and euthermy that begins in the fall and continues until the hibernation season ceases in spring (Lyman, 1958; Geiser and Ruf, 1995; Boyer and Barnes, 1999). Based on whole-body metabolic rate and core body temperature each torpor bout consists of an entrance, steady-state, and arousal phases (Boyer and Barnes, 1999; Carey et al., 2003a; Heldmaier et al., 2004; Drew et al., 2007) (Fig.1). Successive torpor bouts are interrupted by a brief period (12-24h) of interbout euthermy. Cardiac arrhythmia is described as any deviation from the normal sequence of electrical impulses resulting in slow (bradycardia), fast (tachycardia) or erratic hearbeats such as atrial and ventricle fibrillations and conduction disorders (Keating and Sanguinetti, 2001). Cardiac arrhythmias are observed during hibernation (Chatfield and Lyman, 1950; Eagles et al., 1988; Milsom et al., 1993; Milsom et al., 1999; Toien et al., 2011). In spite of that no untoward effects such as ventricular fibrillation or heart failure are noticed in hibernators and the hearts remain functional even at a body temperature of 0oC (Johansson, 1996). Moreover, hibernators can rewarm to euthermic body temperature of about 36oC in a span of few hours (Lyman, 1958)(Fig1&2) without any cardiac or nervous system complications (Drew et al., 2007). In contrast, similar conditions in non-hibernators including humans lead to fatal cardiac complications and death (Nardone, 1955; Johansson, 1996; Drew et al., 2007). Unresolved intrinsic mechanisms protect the hibernating species against lethal cardiac arrhythmias at reduced body temperatures. Understanding the intrinsic functional mechanisms existing in hibernators can lead to novel therapies in treating several conditions such as cardiac arrest and stroke (Drew et al., 2007). Patients with cardiac arrest are subjected to hypothermia in a clinical setting (Polderman, 2004; Polderman and Herold, 2009). However, inducing hypothermia beyond a certain level is not without complications. Patients subjected to temperatures colder than 30oC suffer cardiac arrhythmias (Polderman and Herold, 2009). Cooling more slowly should mimic similar drop in body temperature seen during torpor in hibernators and may thus avoid
DUI Offenders’ Experience With an Ignition Interlock Program: Comparing Those Who Have and Have Not Adapted From Their Primary Drinking Location

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare driving under the influence (DUI) offenders on an alcohol ignition interlock program who had or had not changed their primary drinking context from a bar/restaurant where they might be required to drive after drinking before the interlock was installed to drinking at home where driving would not be likely to be required following interlock installation. Methods: A total of 171 DUI offenders who were on an ignition interlock program completed a web-based survey. All of these offenders reported that they drank primarily in a bar/restaurant before the interlock was installed. These offenders were classified into 2 groups: adapters who said they currently drink at home and nonadapters who said they still drink in a bar/restaurant. Measures were made of their reported drinking, driving patterns, perceptions of the likely outcomes of being on the interlock, perceived effectiveness of various prevention strategies, and demographic characteristics. Chi-square and t-test analyses were used to compare these 2 groups. Results: Adapters and nonadapters did not differ with regard to any of the demographic characteristics, whether they were a first-time DUI offender, the length of time in the interlock program, number of lockouts (being blocked from starting their cars) they had experienced, miles driven per week, or current driving patterns since being on the interlock program. Adapters were more likely to report changing their drinking plans and habits. Currently they reported fewer drinks per occasion than nonadapters. They were more likely to report reducing the amount they drink, solo drinking or only drinking with a spouse/significant other, and changing their drinking plans and habits. They were also more likely to say that the interlock reminded them to limit their drinking after it is removed and that it might have longer term benefits in preventing future DUIs. They were also more receptive to interventions that might help them separate their drinking from their driving. Conclusions: Interlock clients who report that they have altered their drinking context and a willingness to receive programs that help them separate their drinking from their driving may be more receptive to and benefit from ignition interlock programs.
A Network of Superconducting Gravimeters Detects Submicrogal Coseismic Gravity Changes

With high-resolution continuous gravity recordings from a regional network of superconducting gravimeters, we have detected permanent changes in gravity acceleration associated with a recent large earthquake. Detected changes in gravity acceleration are smaller than 10–8 meters seconds–2 (1 micro-Galileo, about 10–9 times the surface gravity acceleration) and agree with theoretical values calculated from a dislocation model. Superconducting gravimetry can contribute to the studies of secular gravity changes associated with tectonic processes.
Nerve Repair and Cable Grafting for Facial Paralysis

Facial nerve injury and facial paralysis are devastating for patients. Although imperfect, primary repair is currently the best option to restore facial nerve function. Cable, or interposition, nerve grafting is an acceptable alternative when primary repair is not possible. Several donor nerves are at the surgeon's disposal. Great auricular, sural, or medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves are all easily obtained. Both primary repair and interposition grafting typically result in better facial function than do other dynamic and static rehabilitation strategies. Proficient anastomotic technique and, when necessary, selection of an appropriate interposition graft will optimize patient outcomes. Promising research is under way that will enhance future nerve repair and grafting efforts.
Fractional Factorial Study of Hybridoma Behavior. 2. Kinetics of Nutrient Uptake and Waste Production

A fractional factorial experimental method was used to identify important variables and variable interactions which affect nutrient uptake and waste production. The variables studied include glucose, glutamine, base medium, lactate, and ammonium. Cellular glucose uptake was stimulated by glucose and glutamine and inhibited by lactate. Glucose, base medium, and glutamine all had large stimulative effects on lactate production. Glucose uptake and lactate production both exhibited Monod‐type dependencies on the glucose concentration. Ammonium production was sensitive to the glucose and lactate concentrations at levels below about 8 and 20 mM, respectively. Mathematical descriptions of glucose uptake and of lactate and ammonium production were developed. These experimental results have significant implications for the optimization of hybridoma growth in bioreactors.
The response of organic scintillators to electron energy deposited in them.

The response of organic scintillators to electron energy deposited in the medium was investigated doing work concerned with the validity of results obtained with a scintillation dosimeter. The fluorescent yield of such scintillators was shown to be proportional to energy deposition in the medium down to energies of 20 kev by using an iron-free beta -ray spectrometer and a well-type scintillator. Nonlinear effects can be expected to occur only near the surface of the scintillator.
The Role of Glutathione Peroxidases in Trypanosomatids

Abstract Reactive oxygen species are the unwanted by-products of aerobic metabolism. To protect cells against their potentially lethal effects a series of pathways have evolved that are collectively called the oxidative defence system. In most eukaryotes, catalases and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases form the front line of defence against hydroperoxide-mediated damage. However, these activities are lacking in members of the Trypanosomatidae family of protozoan parasites. Instead these organisms contain several enzyme-mediated pathways for removal of hydroperoxides that are centred upon the unusual thiol trypanothione. Here we discuss the biochemical properties of one group of these enzymes, the non-selenium glutathione-dependent peroxidases, and outline the roles that they play in protecting the parasite against hydroperoxides associated with biological membranes.
Tinea imbricata: autosomal dominant pattern of susceptibility in a polygamous indigenous family of the Nahuatl zone in Mexico

We report on 9 confirmed cases of tinea imbricata (Tokelau, infection due to Trichophyton concentricum) out of 16 family members. They had a common mother with three different fathers. The genetic analysis of the family suggests an autosomal dominant pattern of susceptibility. Most cases (8/9) were presented as concentric and lamellar forms. One patient also had onychomycosis due to T. concentricum. Only two out of nine cases had a positive response to trichophytin.
Antiepileptic Drugs and Bone Health in Thai Children with Epilepsy.

UNLABELLED Background: Epilepsy is the most common neurological disease in children. The patient must take antiepileptic drug for controlling the seizure at least 2 years. Many previous studies show the effect of antiepileptic drug to vitamin D status and bone health. OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and bone mineral density in the children who are taking antiepileptic drug at least 6 months. MATERIAL AND METHOD Thirty epileptic children who are 3-18 years old with taking antiepileptic drug at least 6 months and 30 healthy children in the same age were performed to investigate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, parathyroid hormone, spot urine calcium, spot urine phosphorus, spot urine creatinine and bone mineral density between October 2012 to September 2013. RESULTS Seven epileptic children (23.3%), eight healthy children (26.7%) have vitamin D deficiency. Only 3 epileptic children who are cerebral palsy also have low bone mineral density. There is only statistical significant of decreased serum albumin (p-value = 0.03) and corrected serum calcium (p-value = 0.04) that reveal in epileptic children group. CONCLUSION Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and bone metabolism is essential in the treatment of childhood epilepsy.
Antibody-Guided Alpha Radiation Effectively Damages Fungal Biofilms

ABSTRACT The use of indwelling medical devices—pacemakers, prosthetic joints, catheters—is rapidly growing and is often complicated by infections with biofilm-forming microbes that are resistant to antimicrobial agents and host defense mechanisms. We investigated for the first time the use of microbe-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) as delivery vehicles for targeting biofilms with cytocidal radiation. MAb 18B7 (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1]), which binds to capsular polysaccharides of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, penetrated cryptococcal biofilms, as shown by confocal microscopy. When the alpha radiation-emitter 213-Bismuth (213Bi) was attached to MAb 18B7 and the radiolabeled MAb was added to C. neoformans biofilms, there was a 50% reduction in biofilm metabolic activity. In contrast, when the IgM MAb 13F1 labeled with 213Bi was used there was no penetration of the fungal biofilm and no damage. Unlabeled 18B7, 213Bi-labeled nonspecific MAbs, and gamma and beta types of radiation did not have an effect on biofilms. The lack of efficacy of gamma and beta radiation probably reflects the radioprotective properties of polysaccharide biofilm matrix. Our results indicate that C. neoformans biofilms are susceptible to treatment with antibody-targeted alpha radiation, suggesting a novel option for the prevention or treatment of microbial biofilms on indwelling medical devices.
The prevalence, age-of-onset and the correlates of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in the Tianjin Mental Health Survey (TJMHS)

Background To effectively shape mental healthcare policy in modern-day China, up-to-date epidemiological data on mental disorders is needed. The objective was to estimate the prevalence, age-of-onset (AOO) and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders in a representative household sample of the general population (age ⩾ 18) in the Tianjin Municipality in China. Methods Data came from the Tianjin Mental health Survey (TJMHS), which was conducted between July 2011 and March 2012 using a two-phase design. 11 748 individuals were screened with an expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire and 4438 subjects were selected for a diagnostic interview by a psychiatrist, using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – fourth edition (SCID). Results The lifetime and 1-month prevalence of any mental disorder were 23.6% and 12.8%, respectively. Mood disorders (lifetime: 9.3%; 1-month: 3.9%), anxiety disorders (lifetime: 4.5% 1-month: 3.1%) and substance-use disorders (lifetime: 8.8%; 1-month: 3.5%) were most prevalent. The median AOO ranged from 25 years [interquartile range (IQR): 23–32] for substance-use disorders to 36 years (IQR: 24–50) for mood disorders. Not being married, non-immigrant status (i.e. local ‘Hukou’), being a farmer, having <6 years of education and male gender were associated with a higher lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder. Conclusion Results from the current survey indicate that mental disorders are steadily reported more commonly in rapidly-developing urban China. Several interesting sociodemographic correlates were observed (e.g. male gender and non-immigrant status) that warrant further investigation and could be used to profile persons in need of preventive intervention.
Angiotensin II and endothelin‐1 receptor antagonists have cumulative hypotensive effects in canine Page hypertension

Objective To evaluate whether the cumulative hypotensive effect of the endothelin-1 receptor antagonist bosentan, previously demonstrated in the presence of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, persists under angiotensin II receptor blockade with losartan. Design The model of hypertension was canine renovascular hypertension (Page hypertension). Methods Ten conscious dogs, studied on two occasions, were administered losartan (a 0.1 mg/kg bolus plus 90 min infusion at 0.1 mg/kg per min) and then bosentan vehicle (experiment I) or losartan and then two cumulative doses of bosentan (a 0.3 mg/kg bolus plus 30 min infusion at 0.7 mg/kg per min; and a 3 mg/kg bolus plus 30 min infusion at 7 mg/kg per min; experiment II). Results At the end of the study, mean aortic pressure in dogs had decreased by 14% in experiment I (from 139 ± 4.7 to 119 ± 4.7 mmHg, P < 0.05), whereas a 28% reduction occurred in experiment II (from 145 ± 8.9 to 104 ± 5.0 mmHg, P < 0.005), corresponding to an additional 14% decrease after administration of bosentan (P < 0.005 between groups). This cumulative effect of bosentan was related to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (from 1220 ± 119 to 847 ± 189 mmHg/ml per min per kg · 103, P < 0.05). Plasma angiotensin II level increased similarly in both experiments (in experiment I from 133 ± 43 to 622 ± 145 pg/ml, P = 0.01; in experiment II from 198 ± 63 to 771 ± 134 pg/ml, P < 0.005) whereas plasma endothelin-1 level increased only in experiment II (from 3.8 ± 0.4 to 32.7 ± 3.2 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Conclusion The cumulative hypotensive effect of bosentan suggests that, besides angiotensin II, endothelin-1 is independently involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension, which presents new therapeutic perspectives.
Absence of inferior labial or lingual frenula is not a useful clinical marker for Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in the UK

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Are Academics Messy? Testing the Broken Windows Theory with a Field Experiment in the Work Environment

Abstract We test the broken windows theory using a field experiment in a shared area of an academic workplace (the department common room). More specifically, we explore academics’ and postgraduate students’ behavior under an order condition (a clean environment) and a disorder condition (a messy environment). We find strong evidence that signs of disorderly behavior trigger littering: In 59% of the cases, subjects litter in the disorder treatment as compared to 18% in the order condition. These results remain robust in a multivariate analysis even when controlling for a large set of factors not directly examined by previous studies. Overall, when academic staff and postgraduate students observe that others have violated the social norm of keeping the common room clean, all else being equal, the probability of littering increases by around 40%.
AG-REML ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR TOTAL MILK YIELD IN SICILO-SARDE SHEEP

Genetic parameters were estimated for total milk yield of a Sicilo-Sarde flock (INRAT (Tunisian National Institute of Agronomic Research) Experiment Station, Béja) for 881 lactations. Total milk yields were calculated from 8220 bimonthly test day records using the Fleischmann method. Animals included in the relationship matrix were 363 ewes and 83 rams. Estimates were from the use of univariate, analytical gradients, restricted maximum likelihood procedures (VCE package). Least squares analyses showed significant effects of year-season, age of ewe, and lambing type on milk yield, with the year-season being the most important factor. Genetic estimates agreed closely with those obtained previously in this population and were lower than those obtained in other dairy sheep populations. Heritability and proportion of permanent environmental variance were 0.14 ± 0.06 and 0.19 ± 0.06 respectively. Genetic and phenotypic variation coefficients reached 7.6% and 23.4% respectively. Our results indicated that efforts should focus on improving the level of management and starting an adequate selection programme, in order to improve milk yield and to repair decreases in milk production level observed in the actual conditions of SiciloSarde breed.
Telomeric function of mammalian telomerases at short telomeres

Telomerase synthesizes telomeric sequences and is minimally composed of a reverse transcriptase (RT) known as TERT and an RNA known as TR. We reconstituted heterologous mouse (m) and human (h) TERT-TR complexes and chimeric mTERT-hTERT-hTR complexes in vitro and in immortalized human alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) cells. Our data suggest that species-specific determinants of activity, processivity and telomere function map not only to the TR but also to the TERT component. The presence of hTERT-hTR, but not heterologous TERT-TR complexes or chimeric mTERT-hTERT-hTR complexes, significantly reduced the percentage of chromosomes without telomeric signals in ALT cells. Moreover, heterologous and chimeric complexes were defective in recruitment to telomeres. Our results suggest a requirement for several hTERT domains and interaction with multiple proteins for proper recruitment of telomerase to the shortest telomeres in human ALT cells. Late-passage mTERT−/− mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells ectopically expressing hTERT or mTERT harboured fewer chromosome ends without telomeric signals and end-to-end fusions than typically observed in late-passage mTERT−/− ES cells. The ability of hTERT to function at mouse telomeres and the inability of mTERT to function at human telomeres suggest that mechanisms regulating the recruitment and activity of hTERT at mouse telomeres might be less stringent than the mechanisms regulating mTERT at human telomeres.