Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic stress disorder caused by hallucinations and delusions experienced in delirium.

In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM–IV), the definition of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) requires that the individual “experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others (DSM–IV, 1994). ” This definition assumes that the events were real, with one of the cardinal symptoms of the diagnosis being that the individual persistently reexperiences this real event. The life-threatening nature of organ transplantation can undoubtedly create the physical and emotional circumstances for the development of PTSD. Transplant patients are only too aware of the seriousness of their condition, and they frequently experience medical complications, including episodes of delirium preand postoperatively. We present four cases of transplant patients who, while in delirium, experienced delusions and hallucinations of life-threatening events that were later reexperienced as clinically diagnosed PTSD. These cases demonstrate that not only real life-threatening medical events, but delirium experiences that occur during a lifethreatening medical crisis or illness, can provoke PTSD. Therefore, an extension of the PTSD criteria to include both real and psychically-induced experiences seems warranted. Background information about each case has been slightly modified to protect patients’ confidentiality.
Hepatic copper accumulation induces DNA strand breaks in the liver cells of Long-Evans Cinnamon strain rats.

Effects of accumulation of copper and iron on the production of DNA strand breaks were investigated in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) strain rats that spontaneously develop fulminant hepatitis. Copper and iron accumulated in the liver of LEC rats in an age-dependent manner from 4 to 15 weeks. Low-copper food prevented the accumulation of copper in the liver, but did not prevent accumulation of iron. When the amounts of DNA single strand breaks were estimated by comet assay, the number of DNA strand breaks in the liver cells of rats fed standard food increased with age from 4 to 15 weeks. The number of DNA strand breaks in the liver cells from rats fed low-copper food were the same as those of rats at 4 weeks of age. Thus, the copper accumulation in the liver of LEC rats induced DNA strand breaks, but accumulation of iron did not.
Antibiotics: miracle drugs or pig food?

The crisis of antibiotic resistance in medically important bacteria has taken the bloom off the antibiotic miracle. Infection specialists talk darkly of entering the postantibiotic era. In the public debate going on over this issue, the use of feed antibiotics in farm animals is increasingly questioned. Clearly, the major cause of resistance to antibiotics in human pathogens is medical prescription use of these drugs. There is, however, the danger that agricultural use of antibiotics is becoming a ready scapegoat for problems of resistance in human medicine, made easier because of the complexities of the topic and because agricultural use of these drugs has technicalities that take some understanding. It was the unexpected discovery in the 1950s that antibiotics increased growth rates and improved the efficiency of food utilization in pigs and chickens that has led to their use as growth promoters ever since. About 40% of antibiotic production in the United States is used in animal feed, but exact figures are unavailable (1). This represents 55% to 60% of the total production of penicillin G and tetracyclines, with 50% of the total animal feed medication being tetracyclines (1). In the United States, this may represent up to 8500 tons, a staggering total in terms of the microgram antibacterial potency of these chemicals (Table 1). Since Canada's drug policy generally reflects (and lags) that of the United States, percentage usage in this country is likely similar, but details are not available. Contrary to popular misconception, agricultural use of antibiotics is extensively regulated. Under the food and drug legislation in both Canada and the United States, there are 3 uses of antibiotics in agriculture: as feed antibiotics, as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and as veterinary prescription drugs. Feed antibiotics are those that farmers can order through licensed feed mills for growth promotion (2-50 g/ton of feed), for subtherapeutic use (200 g or less/ton of feed), or for disease treatment (over 200 g/ton of feed). Subtherapeutic use, the most contentious and the largest of the uses, encompasses prevention of specified diseases but includes growth promotion in the face of certain diseases. Most feed antibiotics are used for this purpose, particularly in swine. Many of the feed antibiotics are drugs that are unique to agricul-
Antiviral Activity of Brassinosteroids Derivatives against Measles Virus in Cell Cultures

Twenty-seven brassinosteroid derivatives were tested for antiviral activity against measles virus (MV) via a virus-yield reduction assay. Compounds 6b [(22S,23S)-3β-bromo-5α,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one], 1d [(22R,23R)-2α,3α,22,23-tetrahydroxy-β-Homo-7-oxa-stigmastan-6-one], 8a [(22R,23R)-3β-fluoro-22,23-dihydroxystigmastan-6-one], 9b [(22S,23S)-3β-fluoro- 5α,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one] and 10b [(22S,23S)-5α-fluor-3β,22,23-trihydroxystigmastan-6-one], with selectivity indexes (SI) of 40, 57, 31, 37 and 53, are the derivatives with good antiviral activity against MV. These SI values are higher than those obtained with ribavirin (used as reference drug). A comparative analysis of 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values, using confluent non-growing cells, gives and indication of structure—activity relationship. According to their degree of cytotoxicity the compounds were divided in three groups: low, intermediate and high cytotoxicity. By observing the chemical structures of compounds belonging to the first group we can see that less cytotoxic activities are related to the presence of a 3β-hydroxy group on C-3 (ring A) and a double bond between C-22 and C-23 (side chain). The replacement of a 5α-hydroxy group by a 5α-fluoro group enhances cytotoxicity. Halogenated brassinosteroid derivatives in C-3 position are more cytotoxic than those with an acetoxy group in the same position. For compounds 1d, 6b, 10b and ribavirin, cytotoxicity measurements were also done with replicating cells; CC50 values were low, but they still competed favourably with ribavirin against MV.
Design Guidelines for Location-Based and Contextual Learning Supported by Mobile Devices

In location-based and contextual mobile learning, students are continually mobile in the virtual, social, and physical environment. A common problem in this view of mobile learning is that students spend time focusing on the mobile devices at the expense of interacting with other students or exploring the physical environment. The authors approach this problem from an interaction design perspective, where they design and analyse geometry-learning activities in two iterations. Based on video data from groups of students participating in the learning activities, the authors analyse when mobile devices are in the foreground and background of their interaction. The authors present six guidelines for designing location-based and contextual mobile learning activities, where mobile devices support rather than distract students from contents and contexts relevant to the learning goals. Finally, the guidelines are evaluated using a model of interaction, which represents mobile device interaction as one of four different modes of human interaction with technology.
Validation of the Self‐Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale: A Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Cohort Study

Self‐management programs for patients with chronic illnesses, including rheumatic diseases, seek to enhance self‐efficacy for performing health management behaviors. No measure of self‐efficacy has been validated for patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). The objective of this study was to assess the validity and internal consistency reliability of the Self‐Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (SEMCD) scale in SSc.
Cardiac findings in 31 patients with Noonan's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate cardiac findings in 31 Noonan syndrome patients. METHODS Thirty-one (18 males and 13 females)patients from 26 families affected with Noonan's syndrome were evaluated from the cardiac point of view with electrocardiography and Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS Twenty patients had some type of cardiac abnormality. The most frequent was pulmonary valve stenosis followed by hypertrophic myocardiopathy, commonly associated with valve defects. Upper deviation of the QRS axis was observed in 80% of these patients. CONCLUSION In view of the high frequency and diversity of cardiac abnormalities present in Noonan syndrome, cardiac evaluation with electrocardiography and echocardiography should be performed in all patients diagnostically suspected of having this disease.
[Glaucoma and ocular hypertension in primary care].

OBJECTIVES To find the distribution of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in our population over 40 and the prevalence of glaucoma (G) and ocular hypertension (OH). DESIGN Descriptive. SETTING Primary care. SUBJECTS 990 people >= 40 years old.Measurements. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ophthalmic history, risk factors, visual sharpness (optotype), ophthalmoscopy and IOP (applanation tonometry). Patients with back-of-eye disorders and/or IOP >= 21 mmHg were referred to the ophthalmologist for assessment (campimeter). RESULTS 870 people, average age 54.66 and 45.4% of them men. Mean IOP was 12.96 in the right eye and 13.27 in the left, with significant differences between them, but not between sexes or age-groups. 70 patients were referred (11 for IOP >= 21, 54 for disturbance perceived by ophthalmoscope and 5 for both reasons). The ophthalmologist classified 9 as G, 12 as OH and 15 as suspected G. We calculated 1.81% (95% CI, 0.98-2.63) prevalence of G in the >= 40s, including 9 cases already known. OH prevalence was 1.61% (95% CI, 0.82-2.39). Through logistical regression, we found greater risk of G in people with myopia (OR adjusted for age and sex = 3.01) and Hypertriglyceridaemia (ORa, 6.34). OH risk was significantly greater in patients with BMI >= 30 (ORa, >= 4.20). CONCLUSIONS Glaucoma prevalence confirms published findings from other similar populations, while IOP and OH prevalence were much less here. Given that half G cases are undiagnosed, we believe its early detection in primary care should be highlighted, at least in at-risk groups.
The Mechanisms of Propofol-Induced Vascular Relaxation and Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Endothelium

BACKGROUND: Propofol causes hypotension due to relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells through its direct or indirect vasodilator effects. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and endothelium attenuate vascular contraction, and the function of PVAT is altered in hypertension and diabetes. Whether PVAT affects the action of anesthetics on vascular function is unknown. We studied the mechanisms of propofol-induced relaxation in relation to the involvement of PVAT and endothelium. METHODS: Thoracic aortic rings from Wistar rats were prepared with or without PVAT (PVAT+ and PVAT−), intact endothelium (E+), or both, or with the endothelium removed (E−) for functional studies. RESULTS: In phenylephrine precontracted vessels, propofol-induced relaxation was highest with both PVAT and E+ and lowest in vessels denuded of both PVAT and endothelium. Propofol-induced relaxation occurred via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The relaxation response induced by propofol was significantly reduced by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NNA), K+ channel blockers (tetraethylammonium and glibenclamide) in E+ and E− vessels, and by soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-(1,2,4) oxadiazolo (4,3-A) quinazoline-1-one and hydrogen peroxide scavenger (catalase) in E− vessels. The presence of PVAT significantly enhanced the relaxation response induced by propofol. In contrast to phenylephrine precontracted vessels in which the presence of PVAT or endothelium had an effect, in vessels precontracted with KCl, propofol-induced relaxation was similar among the 4 types of vessel preparation. CONCLUSIONS: PVAT enhances the relaxation effect induced by propofol in rat aorta through both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent pathways thus highlighting the clinical importance of PVAT.
Comparing the efficacy of topical hydroquinone 2% versus intradermal tranexamic acid microinjections in treating melasma: a split-face controlled trial

Abstract Introduction: Melasma is a benign, acquired and chronic hypermelanosis. Topical hydroquinone (HQ) is a conventional choice to treat melasma. Tranexamic acid (TA) is a relatively new brightening agent that interferes with keratinocyte–melanocyte interactions. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and safety of TA intradermal injections with HQ in treating melasma. Materials and methods: In this split-face controlled trial, 37 patients were randomized to receive three monthly sessions of TA intradermal injections either on the right or the left side of their face and topical HQ once a night for three months on the other side. Melanin and erythema were measured for each side of the face at the baseline and at the end of each month. Results: A reduction in melanin value was observed for TA and HQ separately (p value <.001). Monthly TA injection was better than daily HQ in reducing the melanin value during the first four weeks (p value =.013); but after 20 weeks, the overall changes was not different between the two groups (p value =.17). Conclusion: Monthly TA intradermal injections can be an effective treatment for melasma. Further studies are required to support our results.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Supraspinatus Muscle Atrophy After Cuff Repair

Between 1998 to 2000, the shoulders of 17 patients with rotator cuff tears were examined using magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, and 6 and 12 months after open surgical repair. To assess the course of the supraspinatus muscle atrophy, the easily reproducible magnetic resonance imaging parameters occupation ratio and tangent sign in the Y-shaped view of the supraspinous fossa were evaluated and compared with the clinical examination. Occupation ratio is a quantitative parameter that reflects the area ratio, expressed as a percentage of the supraspinatus muscle belly to the supraspinous fossa. The tangent sign is a qualitative parameter that represents a line connecting the coracoid process and the apex of the scapular spine. Occupation ratio and tangent sign are reliable diagnostic tools in magnetic resonance imaging assessment of supraspinatus muscle atrophy. The sensitivity of the magnetic resonance imaging parameter occupation ratio is 75% and the specificity is 85%. The imaging parameter tangent sign has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85%. There is a significant relationship between occupation ratio, tangent sign, and improvement of strength and mobility registered in the score of Constant and Murley 12 months after surgery.
The Role of Fluoroscopic Interlaminar Epidural Injections in Managing Chronic Pain of Lumbar Disc Herniation or Radiculitis: A Randomized, Double‐Blind Trial

There is continued debate on the effectiveness, indications, and medical necessity of epidural injections in managing pain and disability from lumbar disc herniation, despite extensive utilization. There is paucity of literature on interlaminar epidural injections in managing lumbar disc herniation or radiculitis in contemporary interventional pain management settings utilizing fluoroscopy.
Baicalein , a novel anti-diabetic compound

Both in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the deterioration of glycemic control over time is primarily caused by an inadequate mass and progressive dysfunction of β-cells, leading to the impaired insulin secretion. Thus, the search for agents to protect -cell and enhance its function is important for diabetes treatment. Studies have reported that baicalein, a flavone originally isolated from the roots of Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, has various claimed beneficial effects on health, such as anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is unclear whether it exerts an anti-diabetic action. Here, we present evidence that baicalein may be a novel anti-diabetic agent. Specifically, dietary intake of baicalein significantly improved hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, and blood insulin levels in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed middle-aged diabetic mice, which was associated with the improved islet -cell survival and mass. Baicalein treatment had no effect on food intake, body weight gain, circulating lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice. In in-vitro studies, baicalein significantly augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in insulin-secreting cells (INS1) and promotes viability of INS1 cells and human islets. These results demonstrate that baicalein may be a naturally occurring anti-diabetic agent by directly modulating pancreatic β-cell function.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

A wide variety of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have been reported to occur in adults with type 1 diabetes (1). Autonomic neuropathy or acute hyperglycemia have been implicated in the pathogenesis (2,3). In children with type 1 diabetes, GI symptoms are also frequently observed, although their prevalence and impact on glycemic control are poorly defined (4,5). The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of GI symptoms in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to assess their effect on diabetes control. The study group was comprised of 118 consecutive children and adolescents (57 males, mean age 14.5 years and mean BMI 20.3 kg/m2) with type 1 diabetes (median duration of disease 5.2 years) attending the Diabetes Center for regular follow-up. The control group was comprised of 171 children and adolescents (75 males, mean age 13.6 years and mean BMI 20 kg/m2) who were either siblings of hospitalized children or patients with type 1 diabetes or offspring of the hospital staff. The sample size was calculated using the power analysis aimed at detecting an anticipated difference in the prevalence of GI symptoms ≥15% ( α = 0.05 and power = 0.8). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the P & A Kyriakou …
Markov Chain Monte Carlo: Stochastic Simulation for Bayesian Inference

the current edition is intended to provide practitioners with a comprehensive resource for the use of software package Stata. This user-friendly package provides almost all standard commonly used methods of data analysis. Having said that, the handbook also offers some specialized analysis including generalized estimating equations, analysis of survival data, complex survey data, time series and panel data. Some of the new features added in the current edition include new commands for mixed models and a new matrix language. Some of the features of the handbook are:
OnACID: Online Analysis of Calcium Imaging Data in Real Time

Optical imaging methods using calcium indicators are critical for monitoring the activity of large neuronal populations in vivo. Imaging experiments typically generate a large amount of data that needs to be processed to extract the activity of the imaged neuronal sources. While deriving such processing algorithms is an active area of research, most existing methods require the processing of large amounts of data at a time, rendering them vulnerable to the volume of the recorded data, and preventing realtime experimental interrogation. Here we introduce OnACID, an Online framework for the Analysis of streaming Calcium Imaging Data, including i) motion artifact correction, ii) neuronal source extraction, and iii) activity denoising and deconvolution. Our approach combines and extends previous work on online dictionary learning and calcium imaging data analysis, to deliver an automated pipeline that can discover and track the activity of hundreds of cells in real time, thereby enabling new types of closed-loop experiments. We apply our algorithm on two large scale experimental datasets, benchmark its performance on manually annotated data, and show that it outperforms a popular offline approach.
Total Ionizing Dose Effects on a High-Voltage (>30V) Complementary SiGe on SOI Technology

Total ionizing dose (TID) effects are evaluated for a high-voltage (>30 V) complementary SiGe on SOI technology. Devices are irradiated with 10-keV X-rays at doses up to 5 Mrad(SiO2). The results depend strongly on collector-to-emitter bias, in both forward- and inverse-mode. An anomalous reduction in current gain at high injection in forward-mode operation is observed at doses >500 krad(SiO2). Calibrated 2-D TCAD simulations suggest that this high injection phenomenon is primarily due to interface traps near the STI/Si interface, which is exhibited as a collector resistance increase in the forward Gummel characteristics. Additionally, a strong collector doping dependence is observed, which indicates that this is primarily driven by the thick and lightly doped collector used in this technology. These results illustrate, that high concentrations of interface traps at the STI can have a strong impact on the forward-mode TID response of SiGe HBTs.
Calibrating galaxy redshifts using absorption by the surrounding intergalactic medium

Rest-frame UV spectral lines of star-forming galaxies are systematically offset from the galaxies' systemic redshifts, probably because of large-scale outflows. We calibrate galaxy redshifts measured from rest-frame UV lines by utilizing the fact that the mean H i Lyα absorption profiles around the galaxies, as seen in spectra of background objects, must be symmetric with respect to the true galaxy redshifts if the galaxies are oriented randomly with respect to the lines of sight to the background objects. We use 15 bright QSOs at z≈2.5–3 and more than 600 foreground galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts at z≈1.9–2.5. All galaxies are within 2 Mpc proper from the lines of sight to the background QSOs. We find that Lyα emission and ISM absorption redshifts require systematic shifts of ∆ν_Lyα = -295^(+35)_(-35) and ∆ν_ISM = 145^(+70)_(-35) km s^(-1), respectively. Assuming a Gaussian distribution, we put 1σ upper limits on possible random redshift offsets of <220 km s^(-1) for Lyα and <420 km s^(-1) for ISM redshifts. For the small subset (<10 per cent) of galaxies for which near-IR spectra have been obtained, we can compare our results to direct measurements based on rest-frame optical, nebular emission lines, which we confirm to mark the systemic redshifts. While our ΔvISM agrees with the direct measurements, our Δv_Lyα is significantly smaller. However, when we apply our method to the near-IR subsample which is characterized by slightly different selection effects, the best-fitting velocity offset comes into agreement with the direct measurement. This confirms the validity of our approach, and implies that no single number appropriately describes the whole population of galaxies, in line with the observation that the line offset depends on galaxy spectral morphology. This method provides accurate redshift calibrations and will enable studies of circumgalactic matter around galaxies for which rest-frame optical observations are not available.