Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Golden Ratio Time Algorithm

The idea that time is concordant to our perception in our frame of temporal reference yet different to another person’s frame dependent on motion, as Einstein outlined in his work of general and special relativity, is essentially stating that we are conscious according to the parameters of space-time and how that flows dependent on what our reference of relative motion is. Yet is there a scientific mathematical link between frames of time as a relativity of time in space? Surely in not considering how each frame of time reference can be linked mathematically, all the facets of physical reality in time as “equations” of time will not match up, such as most basically gravity and electromagnetism? This paper, a follow-on from seven previous papers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] will present firstly the historical notions we have of time in science, as applied to scientific congress, and then discuss those problems that have been presented to us in using that axiom of time definition, most importantly that not knitting together those temporal notions presents us with a mathematics of space and mass and energy that are never knitted as mathematical equations in time yet only in using Einstein’s equation of e = mc2. So, a new axiom for time is presented as an algorithm that can knit together much of what we know of physical scientific data, including Einstein’s well-known equation. The quest of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to marry up electromagnetism with gravity using a common mathematical “function” for time universal in space, as temporal relativity, despite it offering a new set of equations for known physical data. Then finally a process of “proof” is offered for this new regard for time, as gravity emerging from electrodynamics.
Efficient GPU Data Structures and Methods to Solve Sparse Linear Systems in Dynamics Applications

We present graphics processing unit (GPU) data structures and algorithms to efficiently solve sparse linear systems that are typically required in simulations of multi‐body systems and deformable bodies. Thereby, we introduce an efficient sparse matrix data structure that can handle arbitrary sparsity patterns and outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art implementations for sparse matrix vector multiplication. Moreover, an efficient method to construct global matrices on the GPU is presented where hundreds of thousands of individual element contributions are assembled in a few milliseconds. A finite‐element‐based method for the simulation of deformable solids as well as an impulse‐based method for rigid bodies are introduced in order to demonstrate the advantages of the novel data structures and algorithms. These applications share the characteristic that a major computational effort consists of building and solving systems of linear equations in every time step. Our solving method results in a speed‐up factor of up to 13 in comparison to other GPU methods.
ob Scheduling is More Important than Processor Allocation for Hypercube Computers

Managing computing resources in a hypercube entails two steps. First, a job must be chosen to execute from among those waiting (job scheduling). Next a particular subcube within the hypercube must be allocated to that job (processor allocation). Whereas processor allocation has been well studied, job scheduling has been largely neglected. The goal of this paper is to compare the roles of processor allocation and job scheduling in achieving good performance on hypercube computers. We show that job scheduling has far more impact on performance than does processor allocation. We propose a new family of scheduling disciplines, called Scan, that have particular performance advantages. We show that performance problems that cannot be resolved through careful processor allocation can be solved by using Scan job-scheduling disciplines. Although the Scan disciplines carry far less overhead than is incurred by even the simplest processor allocation strategies, they are far more able to improve performance than even the most sophisticated strategies. Furthermore, when Scan disciplines are used, the abilities of sophisticated processor allocation strategies to further improve performance are limited to negligible levels. Consequently, a simple O(n) allocation strategy can be used in place of these complex strategies. >
A 200-ps-Response-Time Output-Capacitorless Low-Dropout Regulator With Unity-Gain Bandwidth >100 MHz in 130-nm CMOS

An output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator (OCL-LDO) using enhanced multipath nested Miller compensation with embedded feedforward path for system-on-chip (SoC) applications is presented in this paper. While state-of-the-art LDOs are restricted to low-frequency operation with a maximum unity-gain bandwidth (UGB) typically ranging from several hundred kilohertz to no higher than 10 MHz even in advanced technologies (65 nm or beyond), the prototype fabricated in a standard 130-nm CMOS process features over 100-MHz UGB for all loading conditions up to 25-mA output current while consuming a quiescent current of 112 μA. With this ultra-wide bandwidth, the proposed LDO achieves 200-ps response time for load transient with 300-ps edge time. The extension of UGB also magnificently contributes to improvement of power-supply rejection (PSR), making it comparable to OCL-LDOs that use ripple-feedforward techniques to specifically boost PSR or LDOs with large off-chip decoupling capacitors, while enjoying much faster speed. The chip area is 0.008 mm2.
Impact of Developmental Problems on Young Children's Exits from Foster Care

Children entering foster care are often described as having multiple problems, although there are surprisingly few comprehensive baseline descriptions of children as they enter care. Further, few studies have examined the interactions among baseline characteristics, physical and mental health problems, and their joint influence on the likelihood that a child will remain in care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of physical and developmental problems identified shortly after the children entered substitute care to the likelihood of their remaining in care. Data for these analyses came from 272 children (ages 1 month to 7 years) seen at the Foster Care Clinic in Waterbury, Connecticut, between November 1985 and December 1989. All children received a complete physical health assessment and developmental screening upon entry into care. The outcome variable, children's placement status as of September 1990, was confirmed through the Social Services Agency's records. Results indicate that children in foster care commonly showed developmental delays (53%). Further, those who were older at entry into care and nonwhite and who had developmental problems identified were 1.93 times more likely to remain in foster care. Given these findings, early comprehensive assessment for children entering foster care is strongly recommended. J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:105–110, 1994. Index terms: developmental problems, foster care.
Modeling spatial electrical properties in photovoltaic modules using PV-oriented nodal analysis

Inhomogeneities in photovoltaic (PV) devices can cause spatially nonuniform performances and hence electrical mismatches which will reduce the overall power generation. A hierarchical distributed electrical network modeling technique is developed to investigate localized electrical properties and their impacts on the change of power generation of PV modules. A PV-oriented nodal analysis method is developed to enable the spatially-resolved quantitative analysis of electrical operating points by given localized properties. The simulation results show that the spatial electrical operating points and the overall electrical power output of the module can be calculated from distributed parameters. The possibility of combining this modeling approach with physical characterization techniques is discussed. This approach allows reconstructing PV modules utilizing material related parameters and acceleration over conventional methods, which may enable it to be a manufacturing relevant simulation tool.
Allometric models to estimate tree height in northern Amazonian ecotone forests

ABSTRACT Allometric models defining the relationship between stem diameter and total tree height in the Amazon basin are important because they refine the estimates of tree carbon stocks and flow in the region. This study tests different allometric models to estimate the total tree height from the stem diameter in an ecotone zone between ombrophilous and seasonal forests in the Brazilian state of Roraima, in northern Amazonia. Stem diameter and total height were measured directly in 65 recently fallen trees (live or dead). Linear and nonlinear regressions were tested to represent the D:H relation in this specific ecotone zone. Criteria for model selection were the standard error of the estimate (Syx) and the adjusted coefficient of determination (R²adj), complemented by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Analysis of residuals of the most parsimonious nonlinear models showed a tendency to overestimate the total tree height for trees in the 20-40 cm diameter range. Application of our best fitted model (Michaelis-Menten) indicated that previously published general equations for the tropics that use diameter as the independent variable can either overestimate tree height in the study area by 10-29% (Weibull models) or underestimate it by 8% (climate-based models). We concluded that our site-specific model can be used in the ecotone forests studied in Roraima because it realistically reflects the local biometric relationships between stem diameter and total tree height. Studies need to be expanded in peripheral areas of northern Amazonia in order to reduce uncertainties in biomass and carbon estimates that use the tree height as a variable in general models.
Levels of Adherence Required for Virologic Suppression Among Newer Antiretroviral Medications

Objective: To determine the adherence levels needed for HIV virologic suppression with newer antiretroviral (ARV) medications, including darunavir, etravirine, and raltegravir. Data Sources: Literature searches of PubMed, MEDLINE (1950-October 2010), and Google Scholar were performed using the following hey words in multiple combinations: antiretroviral, HIV, AIDS, adherence, darunavir, raltegravir, and etravirine. A review of the bibliographies of retrieved articles was performed to identify additional references. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All articles in English were identified from the data sources and evaluated. Studies that did not state names of medications or drug classes studied were excluded. Data Synthesis: There are differing levels of adherence needed to maintain virologic suppression, depending on the ARV class used. The adherence level needed for unboosted protease inhibitors (Pls) has been established as greater than 95%, but recent studies have shown that greater than 80% adherence to boosted Pls may be sufficient. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) could require lower adherence rates than boosted Pls; however, study results are varied and NNRTIs carry a potential for developing resistance with nonadherence. Studies assessing the adherence needed for raltegravir have yet to be performed. Conclusions: Studies have shown differing levels of adherence needed among ARV classes of medications. With the advent of boosted Pls and potent medications, the amount of adherence needed has dropped since the 1990s. Although the current data are useful, there are discrepancies in the results due to the methods of adherence measurement. Knowing what adherence levels are needed is valuable in helping to determine the optimal ARV regimen for patients, given their adherence barriers. This knowledge can also help determine which patients require in-depth adherence counseling. Further research with a reliable method of measuring adherence is essential to determine adherence levels needed for newer ARV medications, including darunavir, etravirine, and raltegravir.
Systemic resistance induction in ‘ Ortanique ’ tangor Marines

1Dra. Professora colaboradora Eng. Agrônoma/Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n 96050-500, Capão do Leão/RS, Brasil, Email: marinesfaem@gmail.com 0000-0001-9375-5215) 2Msc. Eng. Agrônoma, doutoranda de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal/Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages/SC, Brasil, Email: pricilassilva@hotmail.com 0000-0002-4102-1292) 3Msc. Eng. Agrônoma, doutoranda de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia/Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão/RS, Brasil, Email: carol_fariasb@hotmail.com 0000-0002-5568-5305) 4Dr. Pesquisador Eng. Agrônomo, Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas/RS, Brasil, Email: roberto.pedroso@embrapa.br 0000-0002-1377-0990) 5Dr. Professor Adjunto Eng. Agrônomo, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão/RS, Brasil, Email: malgarim@ufpel.edu. br
Positive Bag Negative Anchor Positive OfflineMTV-CNN 512 Shared Weights Shared Weights Shared Weights Shared Weights Shared Weights Triplet Weighted Triplet Loss View Invariant Loss Attribute Prediction Fast

In this paper we aim to find exactly the same shoes from the online shop (shop scenario), given a daily shoe photo (street scenario). There are large visual differences between the street and shop scenario shoe images. To handle the discrepancy of different scenarios, we learn a feature embedding for shoes via a multi-task view-invariant convolutional neural network (MTV-CNN), the feature activations of which reflect the inherent similarity between any two shoe images. Specifically, we propose a new loss function that minimizes the distances between images of the same shoes captured from different viewpoints. To train the proposed MTV-CNN in a more efficient way, an attribute-based hard example weighting and mining strategy is developed to smartly select the hard negative examples. To evaluate the performance of the proposed MTV-CNN, we collect a large-scale multi-view shoe dataset with semantic attributes (MVShoe) from the daily life and online shopping websites. Experiments on the dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
In-hospital mortality following acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a frequent cause of hospitalization in the United States. Previous studies of selected populations of patients with COPD have estimated in-hospital mortality to range from 4% to 30%. Our objective was to obtain a generalizable estimate of in-hospital mortality from acute exacerbation of COPD in the United States and to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality using administrative data. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study utilizing the 1996 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a data set of all hospitalizations from a 20% sample of nonfederal US hospitals. The study population included 71 130 patients aged 40 years or older with an acute exacerbation of COPD at hospital discharge. The primary outcome assessed was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS In-hospital mortality for patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD was 2.5%. Multivariable analyses identified older age, male sex, higher income, nonroutine admission sources, and more comorbid conditions as independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS Mortality during hospitalization in this nationwide sample of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD was lower than that of previous studies of select populations. This estimate should provide optimism to both clinicians and patients regarding prognoses from COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization. Our results indicate that the use of administrative data can help to identify subsets of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD that are at higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
Title Temporal and motor representation of rhythm in fronto-parietalcortical areas : An fMRI study

When sounds occur with temporally structured patterns, we can feel a rhythm. To memorize a rhythm, perception of its temporal patterns and organization of them into a hierarchically structured sequence are necessary. On the other hand, rhythm perception can often cause unintentional body movements. Thus, we hypothesized that rhythm information can be manifested in two different ways; temporal and motor representations. The motor representation depends on effectors, such as the finger or foot, whereas the temporal representation is effector-independent. We tested our hypothesis with a working memory paradigm to elucidate neuronal correlates of temporal or motor representation of rhythm and to reveal the neural networks associated with these representations. We measured brain activity by fMRI while participants memorized rhythms and reproduced them by tapping with the right finger, left finger, or foot, or by articulation. The right inferior frontal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule exhibited significant effector-independent activations during encoding and retrieval of rhythm information, whereas the left inferior parietal lobule and supplementary motor area (SMA) showed effector-dependent activations during retrieval. These results suggest that temporal sequences of rhythm are probably represented in the right fronto-parietal network, whereas motor sequences of rhythm can be represented in the SMA-parietal network.
A Phosphodiesterase 3B-based Signaling Complex Integrates Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP 1 and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signals in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells*

Enzymes of the phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) and PDE4 families each regulate the activities of both protein kinases A (PKAs) and exchange proteins activated by cAMP (EPACs) in cells of the cardiovascular system. At present, the mechanisms that allow selected PDEs to individually regulate the activities of these two effectors are ill understood. The objective of this study was to determine how a specific PDE3 variant, namely PDE3B, interacts with and regulates EPAC1-based signaling in human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs). Using several biochemical approaches, we show that PDE3B and EPAC1 bind directly through protein-protein interactions. By knocking down PDE3B expression or by antagonizing EPAC1 binding with PDE3B, we show that PDE3B regulates cAMP binding by its tethered EPAC1. Interestingly, we also show that PDE3B binds directly to p84, a PI3Kγ regulatory subunit, and that this interaction allows PI3Kγ recruitment to the PDE3B-EPAC1 complex. Of potential cardiovascular importance, we demonstrate that PDE3B-tethered EPAC1 regulates HAEC PI3Kγ activity and that this allows dynamic cAMP-dependent regulation of HAEC adhesion, spreading, and tubule formation. We identify and molecularly characterize a PDE3B-based “signalosome” that integrates cAMP- and PI3Kγ-encoded signals and show how this signal integration regulates HAEC functions of importance in angiogenesis.
Estimating economic benefits of the Single Market for European countries and regions *

This study provides insights into the economic benefits of the European Single Market (SM) for countries and regions across Europe. Specifically, we evaluate the impact of the trade boosting effects of the SM on productivity, markups, product variety, welfare and the distribution of population across European countries and regions. We employ a model characterized by costly trade, love of variety, heterogeneous firms, labour mobility as well as endogenous markups and productivity. The model is quantified using trade as well as GDP and population data for European countries and regions as well as other countries. We compute counterfactual economic changes stemming from changes in trade costs related to the SM. The findings suggest that on average, EU citizens’ per capita welfare gains from the SM amount to 840 euros per year. We uncover a strong heterogeneity of gains: Countries and regions in the geographic core of the EU see gains of up to 3,600 euros per capita (a 4.7% increase) while gains in some peripheral regions can be as small as 150 euros (about 2%). We also shed light on regional variation of welfare gains from the SM within individual EU countries.
Receptive Sign Vocabulary Tests: Tests of Single-Word Vocabulary or Iconicity?

First-, fourth-, and ninth-grade hearing students were administered randomly selected items from the Carolina Picture Vocabulary Test (CPVT; Layton & Holmes, 1985) to determine the degree to which signs used in the CPVT are iconic (see note) and can actually convey a sign's meaning at the moment of testing, thus providing an inflated vocabulary score. Hearing students were tested because they had no prior sign knowledge or experience. Results indicate that the signs used in the CPVT are sufficiently iconic to enable students unfamiliar with signs to identify a test picture; 73% of their responses were correct when chance selection was 25%. Such findings signal potential problems with existing receptive sign vocabulary tests; consequently, test results should be interpreted cautiously. Note: Not all signs are iconic. Iconic signs have semantic features nested in their formation, location, and movement that visually convey enough information to manifest word meaning. Formation, location, and movement are also called cheremic features of sign.
Microdomains, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis

Circulation Research is available at http://circres.ahajournals. org DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115. 306246 Abstract: Elevated levels of cholesteryl ester (CE)–enriched apoB containing plasma lipoproteins lead to increased foam cell formation, the first step in the development of atherosclerosis. Unregulated uptake of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by circulating monocytes and other peripheral blood cells takes place through scavenger receptors and over time causes disruption in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. As lipoproteins are taken up, their CE core is hydrolyzed by liposomal lipases to generate free cholesterol (FC). FC can be either re-esterified and stored as CE droplets or shuttled to the plasma membrane for ATP-binding cassette transporter A1–mediated efflux. Because cholesterol is an essential component of all cellular membranes, some FC may be incorporated into microdomains or lipid rafts. These platforms are essential for receptor signaling and transduction, requiring rapid assembly and disassembly. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 plays a major role in regulating microdomain cholesterol and is most efficient when lipid-poor apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) packages raft cholesterol into soluble particles that are eventually catabolized by the liver. If FC is not effluxed from the cell, it becomes esterified, CE droplets accumulate and microdomain cholesterol content becomes poorly regulated. This dysregulation leads to prolonged activation of immune cell signaling pathways, resulting in receptor oversensitization. The availability of apoAI or other amphipathic α-helix–rich apoproteins relieves the burden of excess microdomain cholesterol in immune cells allowing a reduction in immune cell proliferation and infiltration, thereby stimulating regression of foam cells in the artery. Therefore, cellular balance between FC and CE is essential for proper immune cell function and prevents chronic immune cell overstimulation and proliferation. (Circ Res. 2016;118:679-691. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306246.)