Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les rythmes majeurs de l'enfant

L’article evoque d’abord la notion de rythme de developpement, afin de relativiser la part preponderante de la programmation genetique du point de vue de l’âge et de la succession des « emergences » dans les constructions enfantines. Mais l’essentiel est consacre aux rythmes biopsychologiques de l’enfant, depuis les premiers jours de la vie postnatale jusqu’aux âges de l’ecole elementaire inclus. L’accent est mis sur deux rythmes majeurs qui influencent les capacites d’attention, de traitement de l’information, de mobilisation des ressources intellectuelles et de communication, ainsi que la fatigue : le rythme veille/sommeil au cours des vingt-quatre heures et le rythme des fluctuations de la vigilance comportementale dans la journee. En France, l’amenagement du temps scolaire ignore ces rythmes : la journee est trop longue et les plages pedagogiques qui requierent beaucoup de concentration intellectuelle ne coincident pas toujours avec les temps forts de la vigilance. Des propositions sont formulees pour l’ameliorer.
Risques dus aux résidus d’antibiotiques détectés dans le lait de vache produit dans le Centre Bénin

Objectif: Une etude a ete realisee dans le but d’evaluer la presence de residus d’antibiotiques dans le lait cru des vaches elevees dans les exploitations bovines sedentaires installees dans neuf communes du Departement du Zou et une commune du Departement des Collines au Benin. Methodologie et resultats: A cet effet, cent quatre vingt (180) echantillons de lait cru ont ete collectes a raison de deux prelevements par elevage realises a 15 jours d’intervalle. Tous les echantillons ont ete analyses a l’aide du kit Delvotest T (DSM Food Specialities) de detection rapide de residus d’antibiotiques dans le lait. Sur les 2 prelevements, seuls les echantillons de lait du premier prelevement des elevages installes a Bohicon et Ouinhi n’etaient pas positifs aux residus d’antibiotiques. Le taux des echantillons de lait positifs aux residus d’antibiotiques par commune ont varie de 0 a 100 % au premier prelevement et de 33 a 83 % au deuxieme prelevement. Conclusion et application : L’etude revele la presence effective de residus d’antibiotiques dans le lait cru de vache en provenance d’une proportion tres variee de fermes d’elevage, caracterisant ainsi les communes etudiees comme des zones d’elevage bovin a risque faible, moyen ou eleve. L’utilisation des antibiotiques doit se faire par les professionnels de la sante animale ou sous leur responsabilite.
Cyclin D1 overexpression in thyroid papillary microcarcinoma: its association with tumour size and aberrant β‐catenin expression

Aims : Cyclin D1 is a target molecule transcriptionally activated by aberrant β‐catenin in Wnt signalling. Thyroid papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) may be considered a precursor of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Ki67 is widely used as a proliferation marker. The aim of this study was to determine whether cyclin D1 overexpression is involved in early thyroid carcinogenesis.
Reduced efficacy of clinical probability score and d‐dimer assay in elderly subjects suspected of having deep vein thrombosis

The combined strategy of a pretest clinical probability (PCP) score and d‐dimer has shown to be of value in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). As d‐dimer concentrations increase with age, the effect of age on the usefulness of this strategy was retrospectively investigated in outpatients suspected of having DVT. In all patients, participants of a prospective management trial, a PCP score and d‐dimer (Tina‐quant®) were performed. In a total of 812 patients, 317 (39%) had thrombosis. Patients were divided into quartiles according to their age. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of a low/moderate PCP score and a normal d‐dimer were 98–100% and did not differ between the different age quartiles. Specificity in the highest quartile was 17·4% compared with 49·2% in the youngest (P < 0·000001). The proportion of patients with a low/moderate PCP score and a normal d‐dimer decreased with age: 12% in the highest quartile (>73·8 years) versus 25% in younger patients (P = 0·00005). We therefore conclude that the combined strategy of a low/moderate PCP score with a normal d‐dimer test is safe for excluding DVT in all age groups, but is less useful in the elderly.
Comparison of Spatiotemporal Adaptive Indicators in Isolated and Confined Teams during the Concordia Stay, Tara Drift and Mars-500 Experiment

The present study examines teams’ behavior monitored over long-term missions in isolation and confinement to highlight human performance for future interplanetary exploration. The theoretical model refers to rules governing self-organized systems based on the heterogeneity of their own elements, i.e. cultural, gender, and individual characteristics. We used ethological method based on observations of the adaptive strategies in daily life activities through temporal indicators and spatial indicators. The protocol of observations was implemented at meal times with data collected weekly during the Concordia stay and Tara drift, and every two weeks during theMars-500 experiment. Behavioral monitoring consisted of localizing and identifying team members at tables and of measuring teams’meal durations. The results showed a cyclicity of changes in meal durations during the Concordia stay, a diversity of changes in spatial positions during the Tara drift and a stability of these behavioral occurrences during the Mars-500 experiment. We discuss the ethological findings with regard to psychological contexts and indicate differences and associations among the three situations regarding group organization in the perspective of 500-day space missions.
Variations in antibiotic prescribing and consultation rates for acute respiratory infection in UK general practices 1995-2000.

BACKGROUND Antibiotic prescribing by GPs in the UK has declined since 1995. AIM We investigated whether general practices that issue fewer antibiotic prescriptions to patients presenting with acute respiratory infections had lower consultation rates for these conditions. DESIGN OF STUDY Retrospective data analysis. SETTING UK general practice. METHOD We analysed data from the General Practice Research Database, including all registered patients from 108 practices between 1995 and 2000. For each practice, numbers of consultations for acute respiratory tract infections and the proportion of consultations resulting in an antibiotic prescription were obtained. An age- and sex-standardised consultation ratio (SCR) and standardised prescription ratio (SPR) were calculated for each practice. We evaluated whether SPR and SCR values were associated. RESULTS For the mid-year data (1997), the crude consultation rate for all acute respiratory infections ranged from 125-1,110 per 1,000 registered patients at different practices; the proportion of consultations with antibiotics prescribed ranged from 45-98%. After standardising for varying age and sex structure of practice populations, practices with lower SPR values had lower SCR values (r = 0.41; P<0.001). This association was observed in each study year. Moreover, practices that demonstrated reductions in SPR between 1995 and 2000 also showed reductions in SCR (r = 0.27; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Practices that prescribe antibiotics to a smaller proportion of patients presenting with acute respiratory infections have lower consultation rates for these conditions. Practices that succeed, over time, in reducing antibiotic prescribing also experience reductions in consultation rates for these conditions. Although our methodology cannot prove that these two findings are causally related, they imply that patients alter their illness behaviour and that this may be a response to previous consultation experience. In consequence, respiratory illness in the community may be undergoing a process of de-medicalisation.
Highly conserved ENY2/Sus1 protein binds to Drosophila CTCF and is required for barrier activity

Chromatin insulators affect interactions between promoters and enhancers/silencers and function as barriers for the spreading of repressive chromatin. Drosophila insulator protein dCTCF marks active promoters and boundaries of many histone H3K27 trimethylation domains associated with repressed chromatin. In particular, dCTCF binds to such boundaries between the parasegment-specific regulatory domains of the Bithorax complex. Here we demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved protein ENY2 is recruited to the zinc-finger domain of dCTCF and is required for the barrier activity of dCTCF-dependent insulators in transgenic lines. Inactivation of ENY2 by RNAi in BG3 cells leads to the spreading of H3K27 trimethylation and Pc protein at several dCTCF boundaries. The results suggest that evolutionarily conserved ENY2 is responsible for barrier activity mediated by the dCTCF protein.
Factors in Perception and Rigidity

A 36-variable test battery consisting of 6 rigidity scales, 16 objective perception tests, 10 personality scales, and 4 college aptitude tests was administered to 100 college males. Using the Centroid method of factor analysis and the Quartimax method of rotation, 11 factors were identified. It was concluded that the rigidity scales cannot be represented by a common rigidity factor and that the trait personality rigidity as measured by such scales is independent of S's performance on objective perception and scholastic aptitude tests.
The Hydrophobic Hinge Region of Rat DNA Polymerase β Is Critical for Substrate Binding Pocket Geometry*

The hydrophobic hinge of DNA polymerase β facilitates closing and stabilization of the enzyme once the nucleotide substrate has bound. Alteration of the hydrophobic nature of the hinge by the introduction of a hydrophilic glutamine residue in place of isoleucine 260 results in an inaccurate polymerase. The kinetic basis of infidelity is lack of discrimination during the binding of substrate. The I260Q polymerase β variant has lower affinity than wild type enzyme for the correct substrate and much higher affinity for the incorrect substrate. Our results demonstrate that the hinge is important for formation of the substrate binding pocket. Our results are also consistent with the interpretation that DNA polymerase β discriminates the correct from incorrect substrate during the binding step.
BLOOD DONATIONS AS COSTLY SIGNALS OF DONOR QUALITY

This is the first empirical investigation of blood donations in evolutionary perspective. We examine blood donor and non-donor attitudes about health and injury risks, donor characteris- tics, and the social value of donor participation. We propose that blood donations may communi- cate qualities about donors to third parties. Observers may benefit from information about the do- nor's health, value as a reciprocal partner, and/or ability to endure what is perceived as an anxi- ety-provoking and risky experience. Donors may benefit from an enhanced reputation, which can lead to greater access to cooperative networks and high-quality partners. We found that partici- pants recognized the need for blood and perceived blood donors as generous and healthy. Study results indicated that anxiety and the perceived risk of a negative health consequence dramatically affected the willingness of donors and non-donors to donate blood in the future. These findings support our hypothesis that the act of blood donation may signal adaptive information about do- nor quality to third parties.
Close Genetic Relationship between Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Isolates from Sputum Specimens and Puddles on Roads, as Determined by Sequence-Based Typing

ABSTRACT We investigated the prevalence of Legionella species isolated from puddles on asphalt roads. In addition, we carried out sequence-based typing (SBT) analysis on the genetic relationship between L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (SG 1) isolates from puddles and from stock strains previously obtained from sputum specimens and public baths. Sixty-nine water samples were collected from puddles on roads at 6 fixed locations. Legionella species were detected in 33 samples (47.8%) regardless of season. Among the 325 isolates from puddles, strains of L. pneumophila SG 1, a major causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, were the most frequently isolated (n = 62, 19.1%). Sixty-two isolates of L. pneumophila SG 1 from puddles were classified into 36 sequence types (STs) by SBT. ST120 and ST48 were identified as major STs. Environmental ST120 strains from puddles were found for the first time in this study. Among the 14 STs of the clinical isolates (n = 19), 4 STs (n = 6, 31.6%), including ST120, were also detected in isolates from puddles on roads, and the sources of infection in these cases remained unclear. The lag-1 gene, a tentative marker for clinical isolates, was prevalent in puddle isolates (61.3%). Our findings suggest that puddles on asphalt roads serve as potential reservoirs for L. pneumophila in the environment.
Proteolytic Cleavage of MLL Generates a Complex of N- and C-Terminal Fragments That Confers Protein Stability and Subnuclear Localization

ABSTRACT The mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL, ALL1, HRX) encodes a 3,969-amino-acid nuclear protein homologous to Drosophila trithorax and is required to maintain proper Hox gene expression. Chromosome translocations in human leukemia disrupt MLL (11q23), generating chimeric proteins between the N terminus of MLL and multiple translocation partners. Here we report that MLL is normally cleaved at two conserved sites (D/GADD and D/GVDD) and that mutation of these sites abolishes the proteolysis. MLL cleavage generates N-terminal p320 (N320) and C-terminal p180 (C180) fragments, which form a stable complex that localizes to a subnuclear compartment. The FYRN domain of N320 directly interacts with the FYRC and SET domains of C180. Disrupting the interaction between N320 and C180 leads to a marked decrease in the level of N320 and a redistribution of C180 to a diffuse nuclear pattern. These data suggest a model in which a dynamic post-cleavage association confers stability to N320 and correct nuclear sublocalization of the complex, to control the availability of N320 for target genes. This predicts that MLL fusion proteins of leukemia which would lose the ability to complex with C180 have their stability conferred instead by the fusion partners, thus providing one mechanism for altered target gene expression.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of continuous intravenous epoprostenol

Importance of the field: Prostacyclin is the main arachidonic acid metabolite and its decrease has been proven to be important in the pathophysiology of the pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Epoprostenol has been the first analog of prostacyclin to be approved for the treatment of PAH and despite the development of therapeutic options, the last recommendations of European Societies of Cardiology and Pulmonology maintain it as the first choice therapy for severe patients in the WHO functional class IV. In this review, we focus on pharmacokinetics of epoprostenol characterized by its instability in aqueous biological fluids and compare its pharmacokinetics with other stable analogs of prostacyclin. Moreover, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy and safety of epoprostenol were studied. Areas covered in this review: A literature search and review of the studies published on epoprostenol were carried out using the MEDLINE database. What the reader will gain: The paper provides the reader with information on epoprostenol pharmacokinetics and comparison with other analogs of prostacyclin. This paper also provides data on pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of epoprostenol. Take home message: Despite epoprostenol's short half-life and complicated delivery system, this treatment remains the first choice therapy for severe PAH patients.
Lymphocyte Gene Expression and JC Virus Noncoding Control Region Sequences Are Linked with the Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

ABSTRACT Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)-derived noncoding control region (NCCR) sequences permitted greater early viral gene expression than kidney-associated NCCR sequences. This was driven in part by binding of the transcription factor Spi-B to unique PML-associated Spi-B binding sites. Spi-B is upregulated in developing B cells in response to natalizumab therapy, a known risk factor for PML. Naturally occurring JCV sequence variation, together with drug treatment-induced cellular changes, may synergize to create an environment leading to an increased risk of PML.
Sulfate-reducing bacterial community response to carbon source amendments in contaminated aquifer microcosms.

Abstract Microbial sulfate reduction is an important metabolic activity in many reduced habitats. However, little is known about the sulfate-reducing communities inhabiting petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-contaminated freshwater aquifer sediments. The purpose of this study was to identify the groups of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) selectively stimulated when sediment from a PHC-contaminated freshwater aquifer was incubated in sulfate-reducing aquifer microcosms that were amended with specific carbon sources (acetate, butyrate, propionate, lactate, and citrate). After 2 months of incubation, the SRB community was characterized using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis combined with multivariate statistics as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Molybdate was used to specifically inhibit SRB in separate microcosms to investigate the contribution of non-SRB to carbon source degradation. Results indicated that sulfate reduction in the original sediment was an important process but was limited by the availability of sulfate. Substantially lower amounts of acetate and butyrate were degraded in molybdate treatments as compared to treatments without molybdate, suggesting that SRB were the major bacterial group responsible for carbon source turnover in microcosms. All of the added carbon sources induced changes in the SRB community structure. Members of the genus Desulfobulbus were present but not active in the original sediment but an increase of the fatty acids 15:1omega6c and 17:1omega6c and FISH results showed an enrichment of these bacteria in microcosms amended with propionate or lactate. The appearance of cy17:0 revealed that bacteria affiliated with the Desulfobacteriaceae were responsible for acetate degradation. Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum spp. were not important populations within the SRB community in microcosms because they did not proliferate on carbon sources usually favored by these organisms. Metabolic, PLFA, and FISH results provided information on the SRB community in a PHC-contaminated freshwater environment, which exhibited stimulation patterns similar to other (e.g. marine) environments.
Antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies contribute to the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies (aPE) and some antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL)-related clinical manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Patients with SLE (n=217) were tested for the presence of aPE, anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and lupus anticoagulant (LA). The prospective aPL-related clinical manifestations studied were: thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, recurrent fetal losses, heart valvulopathies, hemolytic anemia, livedo reticularis, and pulmonary hypertension. RESULTS A total of 109 SLE patients (50.23%) were IgG aPE-positive; 17.51% presented aPE as the sole autoantibody and had some clinical features of aPL-related clinical manifestations. IgG aPE were associated to the presence of heart valvulopathies (p=0.002). A statistical difference was also found when considering high levels of IgG aPE (O.D.>0.600) in patients with livedo reticularis (p=0.008). CONCLUSION The evaluation of IgG aPE may allow us to detect some more patients with aPL-related clinical manifestations in the SLE population, aPE correlated particularly with valvulopathies and livedo reticularis.
Numerical Instablilities in Upwind Methods: Analysis and Cures for the “Carbuncle” Phenomenon

Abstract Some upwind formulations promote severe instabilities that originate in the numerical capturing of shocks; this is known as the “carbuncle” phenomenon. An analysis of the linearized form of the algorithms is carried out to explain and predict the generation of such instabilities. The information obtained is then used to design remedies that only slightly and locally modify the original schemes.
Stability analysis of the particle dynamics in particle swarm optimizer

Previous stability analysis of the particle swarm optimizer was restricted to the assumption that all parameters are nonrandom, in effect a deterministic particle swarm optimizer. We analyze the stability of the particle dynamics without this restrictive assumption using Lyapunov stability analysis and the concept of passive systems. Sufficient conditions for stability are derived, and an illustrative example is given. Simulation results confirm the prediction from theory that stability of the particle dynamics requires increasing the maximum value of the random parameter when the inertia factor is reduced.
Ogai and the Problem of Fiction--Gan and Its Antecedents

IN this way Nagai Kafu describes one of the more noted, and perhaps most noteworthy, moments in the history of modern Japanese literature: Mori Ogai's AA,fi rejection of original fiction with contemporary settings in favor of historical narrative. Okitsu Yagoemon no Isho ^ marked the beginning of a new phase in Ogai's career, Gan Jf the end of an old. But Gan was not created in a vacuum: it is the summation of Ogai's long career as a writer of fiction. An examination of the process leading up to the writing of Gan and study of the structure of Ogai's final novel itself reveal a remarkable struggle with questions about the nature of narrative and the meaning of fiction. As Ogai's last complete, sustained original fiction, Gan is the logical focus of an attempt to understand why, at the moment he seems to be coming into his own as a novelist, Ogai abandons fiction forever.2 The question, in no sense a new one, is most often posed in terms of a moral or philosophical argument about the nature and justifiability of fiction, and it is posed in these terms largely because they are the ones used by Ogai himself in his critical writings. Analyses of what happened during and after the writing of Gan, of the motivation for Ogai's movement toward the historical fiction and biography that