Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Micro-Level Determinants Affect the Capital Structure Choice: Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine two leverage ratios using a sample of non-financial companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). It was done by taking into account the joint effect of traditional capital structure determinants and managers' personal values and aspirations. We applied hierarchical regression analysis to determine the contribution of profitability indicators, firm size indicators, assets, growth, networking, managerial strategies, managerial psychology, managerial human capital and earnings volatility to explain the variance in capital structure. The results suggest that companies with less experienced owners/managers and higher firm growth have higher financial leverage ratios. In the analysis of the balance sheet leverage, financial proxies of capital structure seem to be significant in explaining capital structure variance. Therefore, companies with lower profitability, a lower level of fixed assets and higher growth opportunities have higher balance sheet leverage ratios. The findings provide better understanding of theoretical perspectives that can best explain how companies choose their capital structure in the transition economy context. Furthermore, empirical findings should help corporate managers to make optimal capital structure decisions.
Acoustic Source Localization via Subspace Based Method Using Small Aperture MEMS Arrays

Small aperture microphone arrays provide many advantages for portable devices and hearing aid equipment. In this paper, a subspace based localization method is proposed for acoustic source using small aperture arrays. The effects of array aperture on localization are analyzed by using array response (array manifold). Besides array aperture, the frequency of acoustic source and the variance of signal power are simulated to demonstrate how to optimize localization performance, which is carried out by introducing frequency error with the proposed method. The proposed method for 5 mm array aperture is validated by simulations and experiments with MEMS microphone arrays. Different types of acoustic sources can be localized with the highest precision of 6 degrees even in the presence of wind noise and other noises. Furthermore, the proposed method reduces the computational complexity compared with other methods.
Thermal inflation and the moduli problem.

In supersymmetric theories a field can develop a vacuum expectation value M\ensuremath{\gg}${10}^{3}$ GeV, even though its mass m is of order ${10}^{2}$ to ${10}^{3}$ GeV. The finite temperature in the early Universe can hold such a field at zero, corresponding to a false vacuum with an energy density ${\mathit{V}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{m}}^{2}$${\mathit{M}}^{2}$. When the temperature falls below ${\mathit{V}}_{0}^{1/4}$, the thermal energy density becomes negligible and an era of thermal inflation begins. It ends when the field rolls away from zero at a temperature of order m, corresponding to of order 10 e-folds of inflation which does not affect the density perturbation generated during ordinary inflation. Thermal inflation can solve the Polonyi or moduli problem if M is within one or two orders of magnitude of ${10}^{12}$ GeV. Parametric resonance may lead to rapid partial reheating giving a high enough temperature for a variety of methods of baryogenesis. One can also have double thermal inflation which can solve the Polonyi or moduli problem even more efficiently. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Determinants of Prices for the Performing Arts

Abstract The performing arts constitute a significant share of demand in the public's arts consumption spending. Despite the growing volume of research in the marketing of the arts, research specifically focusing on the promotion and pricing of the performing arts is still in the development phase. In this study, we examine the impact of locational variables related to live music performances on ticket prices. Specifically, this research focuses on the relationships between ticket prices for classical concert seats and locational variables such as the distance of the seat from the front of the stage, its angle with respect to the center-line of the performance hall and the size of the town population where the concert is hosted are examined. Utilizing data from a leading intermediary of performing arts tickets the above relationships are empirically examined. The paper concludes with a discussion of pricing implications for promoters of the performing arts.
Effect of iron complexation with dissolved organic matter on the growth of cyanobacteria in a eutrophic lake

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lake water can have a harmful effect on algal growth through either direct toxicity or iron limitation induced by its complexation with iron. We assessed the effect of iron complexation with DOM on algal growth in the eutrophic Lake Kasumigaura, Japan, using 2 species of cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix agardhii, by combining the algal growth potential (AGP) test and pretreatment of DOM decomposition by UV irradiation. We also determined which nutrient limited the growth of the 2 species in the lake water using the AGP test: iron limited the growth of the 2 species, as did nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Kasumigaura. Moreover, the growth of the 2 species was inhibited by iron complexation with DOM. This is consis- tent with our results regarding iron speciation in Lake Kasumigaura by cathodic stripping voltam- metry: most (>99.9%) of the dissolved iron was present as organic species in the lake water. Further- more, data from our AGP test suggest that iron requirement or iron availability between the 2 species are different. This difference in growth characteristics between algal species would be an important determinant of the dominance of specific algal species.
Drivers of small scale farmers participation in agricultural land rental markets in Kenya

The study used a sample size of 386 small-scale farmers to jointly determine the drivers of small-scale farmers’ rental market participation in Kenya. The results of a bivariate probit model show that renting in participants were young, more educated and owned relatively small farms while renting out participants were relatively old, less educated and owned large pieces of land. Transaction costs, access to extension services and ownership to oxen were the main determinants of land rental market participation. To heighten land equalization, policies that enhance reinvestment in agricultural assets, access to extension services and reduce transaction cost are important.
B56-PP2A regulates motor dynamics for mitotic chromosome alignment

ABSTRACT Proper alignment of duplicated chromosomes at the metaphase plate involves both motor-driven chromosome movement and the functional and physical end-on connection (K-fiber formation) between the kinetochore and the plus-end of microtubules. The B56 family of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunits (B56-PP2A), through their interaction with the mitotic checkpoint protein BUBR1, are required for proper chromosome alignment, but the underlying mechanism(s) has remained elusive. Here, we show that B56-PP2A promotes chromosome alignment primarily by balancing chromosome movement towards the metaphase plate, rather than by directly establishing stable K-fibers. Notably, the poleward movement of chromosomes in cells depleted of the B56 family can be rescued by depletion of HSET (also known as kinesin-14 or KIFC1), a major minus-end-directed motor protein. Strikingly, K-fiber formation can be restored if chromosome movement to the metaphase plate is rescued in B56-depleted cells. Furthermore, the B56–BUBR1 interaction is required for promoting motor-driven chromosome movement towards the metaphase plate. Thus, we propose that B56-PP2A functions in mitotic chromosome alignment by balancing chromosome movement towards the metaphase plate, which is essential for the subsequent establishment of stable and functional kinetochore-microtubule attachments, and mitotic exit.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT PENGUNGKAPAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DI PROPINSI BANTEN

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the level of financial disclosu re of local government district and city in Banten province's.The views of representatives of the BPK opinion Banten Province. The population used in this research that the local government district or city in Banten province, the research sample of local government financial statements have been audited by local BPK, and then the BPK issued subsequently Inspection Report (LHP) as well as the opinion that LKPD. Sampling techniques using purposive sampling. Types of data used are secondary data, and hypothesis testing using multiple linear analysis. The results showed that the area of wealth, level of dependence, and the amount on education in each region negative significantly influence the level of local government financial statement disclosure, while the size of the area, the complexity of the area, and the expenditure area does not affect the level of local government financial statement disclosure. Keywords : SAP, Level disclosure LKPD, Wealth area, Dependency Level Regional, Regional Size, Complexity Regions, Local Shopping, SKPD Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keterbukaan keuangan pemerintah daerah kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi Banten. Pandangan para wakil dari BPK berpendapat Provinsi Banten. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pemerintah daerah kabupaten atau kota di Provinsi Banten, sampel penelitian laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah telah diaudit oleh BPK setempat, kemudian BPK mengeluarkan Laporan Inspeksi (LHP) selanjutnya serta pendapat bahwa LKPD . Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas kekayaan, tingkat ketergantungan, dan jumlah pendidikan di masing-masing daerah berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap tingkat pengungkapan laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah, sedangkan ukuran wilayah, kompleksitas wilayah, dan daerah pengeluaran tidak mempengaruhi tingkat pengungkapan laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah. Kata Kunci: SAP, Level disclosure LKPD, Wealth area, Dependency Level Regional, Ukuran Regional, Wilayah Kompleksitas, Belanja Lokal, SKPD
Microvillous inclusion disease: an evolving condition.

Microvillous inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital defect of the intestinal epithelial brush border leading to severe intractable diarrhea of infancy. Lifelong parenteral nutrition (PN) is necessary from diagnosis, and the outlook is poor. In one review, 74% of affected infants died before 9 months of age (1). Because of the very poor prognosis, small bowel transplantation is recommended as a therapeutic option (2), although the best time to attempt this has yet to be clearly established. We report a child with MVID who, at the age of 5 years, is thriving on a normal unrestricted diet and in whom the most recent small bowel biopsy specimens showed pathologic abnormalities significantly less marked than those found at diagnosis.
Variability of capillary blood glucose monitoring measured on home glucose monitoring devices

Self monitoring of blood glucose helps achieve glycemic goals. Glucometers must be accurate. Many variables affect blood glucose levels. Factors are analytical variables (intrinsic to glucometer and glucose strips) and pre analytical related to patients. Analytical variables depend on factors like shelf life, amount of blood and enzymatic reactions. Preanalytical variables include pH of blood, hypoxia, hypotension, hematocrit etc. CGMS has the potential to revolutionise diabetes care but accuracy needs to be proven beyond doubt before replacing current glucometer devices.
Refusal bias in HIV prevalence estimates from nationally representative seroprevalence surveys

Objectives:To assess the relationship between prior knowledge of one's HIV status and the likelihood to refuse HIV testing in populations-based surveys and explore its potential for producing bias in HIV prevalence estimates. Methods:Using longitudinal survey data from Malawi, we estimate the relationship between prior knowledge of HIV-positive status and subsequent refusal of an HIV test. We use that parameter to develop a heuristic model of refusal bias that is applied to six Demographic and Health Surveys, in which refusal by HIV status is not observed. The model only adjusts for refusal bias conditional on a completed interview. Results:Ecologically, HIV prevalence, prior testing rates and refusal for HIV testing are highly correlated. Malawian data further suggest that amongst individuals who know their status, HIV-positive individuals are 4.62 (95% confidence interval, 2.60–8.21) times more likely to refuse testing than HIV-negative ones. On the basis of that parameter and other inputs from the Demographic and Health Surveys, our model predicts downward bias in national HIV prevalence estimates ranging from 1.5% (95% confidence interval, 0.7–2.9) for Senegal to 13.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2–19.6) for Malawi. In absolute terms, bias in HIV prevalence estimates is negligible for Senegal but 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.8–2.3) percentage points for Malawi. Downward bias is more severe in urban populations. Because refusal rates are higher in men, seroprevalence surveys also tend to overestimate the female-to-male ratio of infections. Conclusion:Prior knowledge of HIV status informs decisions to participate in seroprevalence surveys. Informed refusals may produce bias in estimates of HIV prevalence and the sex ratio of infections.
Ecological neighborhoods: scaling environmental patterns

In this paper we review, develop, and differentiate among concepts associated with environmental patterning (patch, division, and heterogeneity), spatial and temporal scales of ecological processes (ecological neighborhoods), and responses of organisms to environmental patterning (relative patch size, relative patch duration, relative patch isolation, and grain response). We generalize the concept of ecological neighborhoods to represent regions of activity or influence during periods of time appropriate to particular ecological processes. Therefore, there is no single ecological neighborhood for any given organism, but rather a number of neighborhoods, each appropriate to different processes. Neighborhood sizes can be estimated by examining the cumulative distribution of activity or influence of an organism as a function of increasingly large spatial units. The spatial and temporal dimensions of neighborhoods provide the scales necessary for assessing environmental patterning relative to particular ecological processes for a given species. Consistent application of the neighborhood concept will assist in the choice of appropriate study units, comparisons among different studies, and comparisons between empirical studies and theoretical postulates.
Reporting ethics committee approval and patient consent by study design in five general medical journals

Background: Authors are required to describe in their manuscripts ethical approval from an appropriate committee and how consent was obtained from participants when research involves human participants. Objective: To assess the reporting of these protections for several study designs in general medical journals. Design: A consecutive series of research papers published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, BMJ, JAMA, Lancet and The New England Journal of Medicine between February and May 2003 were reviewed for the reporting of ethical approval and patient consent. Ethical approval, name of approving committee, type of consent, data source and whether the study used data collected as part of a study reported elsewhere were recorded. Differences in failure to report approval and consent by study design, journal and vulnerable study population were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Ethical approval and consent were not mentioned in 31% and 47% of manuscripts, respectively. 88 (27%) papers failed to report both approval and consent. Failure to mention ethical approval or consent was significantly more likely in all study designs (except case–control and qualitative studies) than in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Failure to mention approval was most common in the BMJ and was significantly more likely than in The New England Journal of Medicine. Failure to mention consent was most common in the BMJ and was significantly more likely than in all other journals. No significant differences in approval or consent were found when comparing studies of vulnerable and non-vulnerable participants. Conclusion: The reporting of ethical approval and consent in RCTs has improved, but journals are less good at reporting this information for other study designs. Journals should publish this information for all research on human participants.
Inherited Control and Firm Performance

I use data from chief executive officer (CEO) successions to examine the impact of inherited control on firms? performance. I find that firms where incoming CEOs are related to the departing CEO, to a founder, or to a large shareholder by either blood or marriage underperform in terms of operating profitability and market-to-book ratios, relative to firms that promote unrelated CEOs. Consistent with wasteful nepotism, lower performance is prominent in firms that appoint family CEOs who did not attend ? selective? undergraduate institutions. Overall, the evidence indicates that nepotism hurts performance by limiting the scope of labor market competition. (JEL G32, G34, L25, M13)
Consumer Satisfaction Analysis Towards Chocolate-Based Product Using Importance Performance Analysis and Customer Satisfaction Index Method

Chocolate is a base product made from cacao-bean and cacaofat. Chocolate industry in Indonesia has much improved. Indonesia has many cacao producer that produce many kinds of chocolate-based products, whether in industrial or homeindustry scale. One of the chocolate-based product is Kampung Coklat Blitar. There are several chocolate-based products produced by Kampung Coklat Blitar. The aim of this research is about to find out all of the attributes that should be improved towards chocolate-based products in Kampung Coklat Blitar, using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method. The data was collected from 120 respondents, who were customers of Kampung Coklat Blitar. 16 attributes were analyzed in this research. Calculation result using IPA method showed that attributes categorized into quadrant I (concentrate here) or main priority for improvement are size and volume, and also price. Attributes that are categorized into quadrant II (keep up the good work) or attributes that need to be maintained are taste, condition of raw material, expiration date information, and product durability. Attributes that are categorized into quadrant III (low priority) or second priority for improvement are nutrition facts, form, convenience to complaint, advertisement and promotion, product packaging, brand popularity, and product information. Lastly, attributes that are categorized into quadrant IV are variation, benefit, and content of preservative. Calculation result using CSI method showed that the CSI value or consumer satisfaction level is 75%. This value is in the range of 0,66 – 0,80, which means that consumers are satisfied with chocolatebased products produced by Kampung Coklat Blitar. Received 11 February 2019 Revised 03 April 2019 Accepted 13 April 2019 Corresponding author: riskaseptifani@ub.ac. id Septifani R. , Mustaniroh S. A. , Rahmatri D. Journal of Management, Economics, and Industrial Organization, Vol.3 No.2, 2019, pp.48-65. 49
Relations between electrical conductivity, somatic cell count, California mastitis test and some quality parameters in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the electrical conductivity (EC) method on the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows comparing with somatic cell count (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT), and also to investigate the effect of these values on the amount of total viable bacteria, density, freezing point, and mineral substances. A total of 386 milk samples collected from quarters of 188 cows at 10 different farms were used as materials. Of the samples, 258 (66.85%) were CMT (+), 85 (22.02%) were CMT (++), and 43 (11.13%) were CMT (+++). The mean EC and SCC were 25.71, 28.02, and 29.63 mS and 249,453, 1,167,058, and 2,108,139, respectively, according to the CMT results. The total viable bacteria counts ranged from 3.4771 to 6.9395, from 3.4771 to 7.3617, and from 4.7782 to 7.5315 log CFU/mL, respectively. The average amounts of mineral substances were 0.65%, 0.70%, and 0.76%; the density values were 1.031, 1.0297, and 1.029; and the freezing points were -0.5281, -0.5285, and -0.5282, respectively. As a result, it has been concluded that EC showed similarity with the CMT and the SCC in the detection of subclinical mastitis; furthermore, its reliability would further increase when used together with the other diagnostic methods.
Studies of insulin resistance in patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism.

OBJECTIVE Although clinical hypothyroidism (HO) is associated with insulin resistance, there is no information on insulin action in subclinical hypothyroidism (SHO). DESIGN AND METHODS To investigate this, we assessed the sensitivity of glucose metabolism to insulin both in vivo (by an oral glucose tolerance test) and in vitro (by measuring insulin-stimulated rates of glucose transport in isolated monocytes with flow cytometry) in 21 euthyroid subjects (EU), 12 patients with HO, and 13 patients with SHO. RESULTS All three groups had comparable plasma glucose levels, with the HO and SHO having higher plasma insulin than the EU (P<0.05). Homeostasis model assessment index was increased in HO (1.97+/-0.22) and SHO (1.99+/-0.13) versus EU (1.27+/-0.16, P<0.05), while Matsuda index was decreased in HO (3.89+/-0.36) and SHO (4.26+/-0.48) versus EU (7.76+/-0.87, P<0.001), suggesting insulin resistance in both fasting and post-glucose state. At 100 microU/ml insulin: i) GLUT4 levels on the monocyte plasma membrane were decreased in both HO (215+/-19 mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) and SHO (218+/-24 MFI) versus EU (270+/-25 MFI, P=0.03 and 0.04 respectively), and ii) glucose transport rates in monocytes from HO (481+/-30 MFI) and SHO (462+/-19 MFI) were decreased versus EU (571+/-15 MFI, P=0.04 and 0.004 respectively). CONCLUSIONS In patients with HO and SHO: i) insulin resistance was comparable; ii) insulin-stimulated rates of glucose transport in isolated monocytes were decreased due to impaired translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters on the plasma membrane; iii) these findings could justify the increased risk for insulin resistance-associated disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, observed in patients with HO or SHO.
A New Loop Suture Tie-Over Technique for Skin Graft Dressings

Skin grafting is a well established technique for reconstructing areas of skin loss or excision in the hand. Traditional tie-over sutures often require operator assistance, do not allow adequate control when knotting and may cause unnecessary trauma to the graft when removed. We describe a new looped suture tie-over technique to secure and fix the graft dressings that is simple, quick, allows better knot-tying control and can be removed atraumatically.