Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-loop study of the deconfinement transition in Yang-Mills theories: SU(3) and beyond

We study the confinement-deconfinement phase transition of pure Yang-Mills theories at finite temperature using a simple massive extension of standard background field methods. We generalize our recent next-to-leading-order perturbative calculation of the Polyakov loop and of the related background field effective potential for the SU(2) theory to any compact and connex Lie group with a simple Lie algebra. We discuss in detail the SU(3) theory, where the two-loop corrections yield improved values for the first-order transition temperature as compared to the one-loop result. We also show that certain one-loop artifacts of thermodynamical observables disappear at two-loop order, as was already the case for the SU(2) theory. In particular, the entropy and the pressure are positive for all temperatures. Finally, we discuss the groups SU(4) and Sp(2) which shed interesting light, respectively, on the relation between the (de)confinement of static matter sources in the various representations of the gauge group and on the use of the background field itself as an order parameter for confinement. In both cases, we obtain first-order transitions, in agreement with lattice simulations and other continuum approaches.
Assessment of the diagnostic value of immunocytochemitsry and in situ hybridization in cytological specimen of childhood leprosy

Background: Hardly any studies have been done to study diagnostic value of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in cytological specimens for the diagnosis of leprosy in children. The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in cytological specimens of leprosy patients. To compare these techniques with Z.N. staining.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in 24 patients (≤18 years of age) of leprosy. Clinical examination of each patient was done and categorized according to IAL. After taking consent, three skin smears was taken, one for Z.N. staining and remaining two for immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively.Results: Routine skin smear examination by ZN staining method confirmed the diagnosis in 2/24 (8.3%) cases and they belonged to BL category. Immunocytochemistry showed positivity in 4/7 (57.1%) in early leprosy (BT) and 82.3% (BB/BL) in late leprosy. Immunocytochemistry improved the diagnosis by 66.7%, and the results were statistically significant (p<0.01). In situ hybridization showed the positive results in 66.6% cases of early leprosy and 86.6% cases of late leprosy (BB/BL). In situ hybridization improved the diagnosis 72.6% in comparison to ZN staining and the results were statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusions: Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization enhance the diagnosis of leprosy when compared to routine skin smears stained by ZN staining. They are important diagnostic tools for definitive diagnosis in early as well as established cases of leprosy.
Maser astrometry with VERA and Galactic structure

Abstract Since 2007 VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry) has been producing astrometric results (distances and/or proper motions) for Galactic maser sources. Nearly 30 parallaxes have been obtained for star-forming regions and late-type stars. By using VERA's astrometric results for star-forming regions, combined with those obtained with VLBA and EVN, fundamental Galactic parameters and Galactic structure may be derived. Our results show that R0 = 8.4 ± 0.4 kpc and Ω⊙ ≡ Ω0 + V⊙/R0=30.7±0.8 km s−1 kpc−1, and also show that the rotation curve of the Galaxy is nearly flat. The determinations of Galactic parameters and structures demonstrate that the maser astrometry can not only contribute significantly to research of individual maser sources, but also to studies of the structure of the Galaxy.
Long-Term Potentiation-Associated Gene Expression: Involvement of the Tumour Protein p53

Long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission (LTP) is one of the most studied mani- festations of neuroplasticity and hippocampus is a classic object for the study of LTP mechanisms. The early phase of LTP depends on modifications of pre-existing synaptic proteins and the late phase of LTP needs de novo protein synthesis and gene expression. LTP-associated dynamics of the transcriptome and mechanisms of coupling synaptic activity with gene expression are intensively studied, but due to the vast complexity of the issue, abundance of unresolved questions remains in this field. The diversity of brain cell types is one of the main challenges. Until relatively recently, the analysis of molecular and genetic aspects of neuroplasticity has usually been confined to neuronal populations. Meanwhile, glia substantially contributes to synaptic transmission regulation. Astrocytes release various gliotransmitters, which modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. S100B is one of those glia-derived regulatory factors. Learning in rats is accompanied by an increase in S100B expression in various brain regions including the hippocampus. The present study is focused on the neuroplasticity-associated S100B expression upregulation using long-term post-tetanic potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. In this chapter, we present a short review of published articles devoted to the analysis of gene expression during LTP formation including studies of the mechanism of LTP-associated S100B upregulation in hippocampus.
Chemistry of OH and HO2 radicals observed at Rishiri Island, Japan, in September 2003: Missing daytime sink of HO2 and positive nighttime correlations with monoterpenes

[1] We used laser-induced fluorescence to measure concentrations of OH and HO2 at Rishiri Island, Japan, during September 2003. The average maximum daytime concentrations were 2.7 × 106 cm−3 for OH and 5.9 pptv for HO2. The observed concentrations were compared to those predicted by a photochemical box model constrained by ancillary observations. During the daytime, the model overestimated HO2 levels by an average of 89% and OH levels by an average of 35%. This overestimate of OH was rectified when the model was constrained by observed HO2 levels, suggesting that loss processes of HO2 were missing in the model. We calculated the loss rates of HO2 required to bring the modeled HO2 levels into agreement with observed levels. We then studied processes that are capable of explaining the loss rates, including halogen chemistry, heterogeneous loss of HO2 on aerosol surfaces, and the possibility of more rapid HO2 + RO2 reactions than expected. In the nighttime, most of the observed hourly averaged OH and 10-min-averaged HO2 concentrations were statistically significant and fell in the ranges (0.7–5.5) × 105 cm−3 and 0.5–4.9 pptv, respectively. Both HO2 and OH concentrations showed strong positive correlations with total monoterpene concentrations, strongly suggesting that the radicals were produced via reactions of monoterpenes. The median nighttime modeled-to-observed ratios were 1.29 and 0.56 for HO2 and OH, respectively. These ratios dropped to 0.49 and 0.29 during the evening of 25 September, possibly related to the presence of unmeasured olefinic species or chemical reactions involving RO2 that are poorly represented in the model.
The use of speaking techniques by native and non-native English instructors: a case in Turkey

Although the primary goal of English language instruction is to assist students in acquiring communicative competence in l, developing this ability might be very challenging for teachers since not all language learners of English are willing to communicate in the target language. In order to develop their learners’ communication skills and increase their students’ willingness to speak, teachers utilize different techniques. The aim of this qualitative study is to find out and compare the speaking techniques that are used by native (NESTs) and non-native (NNESTs) instructors of English Preparatory Programs at universities around Turkey. Data gathered from the open-ended questionnaire revealed both similarities and differences among NESTs and NNESTs about implementing various techniques in EFL speaking classes. The findings of the study suggested some pedagogical implications both for instructors and students in relation to the improvement of the students’ oral performance in language preparatory programs.
Comparative analysis of Helix pomatia L. shells found in soils with varying degrees of contamination (southern Poland)

Soil samples and snails - Helix pomatia (Linnaeus, 1758) specimens were collected from the region of Lesser Poland. Research based on soil from this area showed a differentiated degree of environmental contamination, which influenced the composition of elements that build mollusc shells. Concentrations of Pb, Mn, Cd, Fe, Zn and Cu in the snail shells and soil varied between localities. The highest of these concentrations were found in the soil in the city of Cracow. They were higher than those measured in the regions outside the city, 7 times in the case of Cd, and up to 123 times higher for Cu. Positive association between soil pollution and shell contamination can be observed (r s ≈0.9). A high concentration of metals in the environment and their bioavailability causes long-term accumulation of these elements in Helix pomatia shells.
Current sheet fl apping motions in the tailward fl ow of magnetic reconnection

The feature and origin of current sheet flapping motions are one of most interesting issues of magnetospheric dynamics. In this paper we report the flapping motion of the current sheet detected in the tailward flow of a magnetic reconnection event on 7 February 2009. This flapping motion with frequency about 12mHz was accompanied by magnetic turbulence. The observations by the tail-elongated fleet of five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes indicate that these flapping oscillations were rather confined within the tailward flow than were due to a global process. This flapping motion could be due to the instability driven by the free energy associated with the ion temperature anisotropy in the tailward flow. Our observations indicate that the flapping motion in the tailward flow could have a different generation mechanism with that in the earthward flow.
Effect of anisotropic velocity distribution on the linear polarization of coronal lines: Does the ion cyclotron exist in the inner corona?

The effect of an anisotropic velocity field distribution of scattering ions on the polarization parameters of a spectral line emitted by resonance scattering is considered. The anisotropy of the velocity field distribution can be interpreted in terms of the ion-cyclotron effect that is believed to influence some heavy ions in the solar corona. We present a theoretical study of the Stokes parameters of a spectral line emitted by atoms or ions in the presence of a bi-Maxwellian velocity field distribution. It is found from test calculations that such a distribution measurably changes the polarization properties of the O VI D 2 coronal line. Consequently, measurements of the linear polarization of this line may serve as a new diagnostic of a possible bi-Maxwellian velocity distribution. As a preliminary application, the obtained theoretical results are used to interpret the polarization parameters of the O VI D 2 coronal line (λ1031.92) measured using SUMER/SoHO observations. The obtained results are compatible with SUMER's observations for more reasonable solar wind parameters than for an isotropic velocity field distribution of the scattering ions. Thus, the outflow velocity field vector of the emitting ions is less inclined with respect to the polar axis of the Sun (the minimal value of the polar angle η is 8° for an anisotropic velocity distribution versus 17° for an isotropic velocity field distribution). These results are obtained assuming that the re-emitted photons come from a small area in the center of the coronal polar hole, with zero magnetic field. Since SUMER/SoHO observations integrate over the line of sight, the results of the current analysis must be considered preliminary pending computations including an integration along the line of sight.
Characterization of village chicken production performance under scavenging system in Halaba district of southern Ethiopia

Village chicken production was characterized using retrospective and crosssectional methods, where 280 households rearing local chickens in Halaba district of southern Ethiopia were used for data collection. The study revealed that the average flock size was 8.5 chickens (95% CI=7.98 – 9.08). The average number of chickens added to a flock annually was 28.3 birds (95% CI=27.76 – 28.86) while 22.9 birds (95% CI=22.36 – 23.53) were leaving the flock. The majority of the households (77.7%) constructed a wooden perch for night resting of their chickens inside the main house. Scavenging was the major avenue of feeding chickens. Most of the respondents (83.6%) practiced selection in their chicken flocks for females (68.4%) and both sexes (31.6%). The average number of eggs laid by local hen was 13.3 eggs/hen/clutch (95% CI=12.81 – 13.85) and the mean annual egg production was 50.8 eggs per year with an average clutching frequency of 3.8 clutches (95% CI = 3.69 – 3.92). The average clutch length was 26 days (95% CI = 24.92 – 27.08). While the age at first lay of village chickens was 6.53 months (95% CI = 6.45 – 6.61), the average weight at first lay was 0.91 kg (95% CI = 0.87 – 0.96). The mean egg weight for the village chickens was 39.4 g (95% CI = 38.79 – 39.91). The average hatchability of eggs in this study was 83.7 % (95% CI = 81.73 – 85.72). The survival rate of chicks to 6 months of age was 52.3% (95% CI = 51.09 - 53.45). It was concluded that village chicken production was characterized by low input and output system, and scavenging was the dominant form of feeding of village chicken. Key words : Village chicken – Scavenging – Productivity – Clutch
Increasing protein content of cassava ( Manihot esculenta , Crantz ) using yeast in fermentation สินีนาฏ พลโยราช

Aims of this experiment were to study kinetic of yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiaes growth in different mediums and to study enrichment of cassava chip by fermentation using yeast. Experiments were assigned according to a 2x4 Factorial arrangement in CRD to study growth kinetic of 2 yeast were Baker’s yeast (YB) and Brewer’s yeast (YC) cultivated in 4 medium (urea:molass:water) = 40:32:100 (M1), 48:24:100 (M2), 56:16:100 (M3), 64:08:100 (M4) at pH 3.5-5.0 in room temperature for 120 h, kinetic of yeast growth were collected at 0 and every 6 h post-cultivation. All treatments were selected from the optimum cultivation time (66 h) mixed with cassava chip at ratio at 1 ml:1.3 g, For yeast fermented cassava chip protein (YEFECAP) products were analyzed for proximate composition. The results show that kinetic growth of S. cerevisiae in YBM3 (Baker’s yeast with urea: molasses: water at ratio 56:16:100 (M3)) was highest in number (3.0 x 1011 cell/ml) at 66 h post-cultivation. However, YEFECAP production in YBM4 (Baker’s yeast with urea: molasses: water at ratio 64:08:100 (M4)) was highest in protein content at 47.5% CP. Furthermore, further research is required to study the use of YEFECAP as a protein source to replace soybean meal in in vivo feeding trials especially in productive ruminants. Keyword: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Baker’s yeast, Brewer’s yeast, Yeast fermented cassava chip protein (YEFECAP), Protein 1 Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2 Department of Plant Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand * Corresponding author: metha@kku.ac. th
Proportional Reasoning and Related Concepts: Analysis of Gaps and Understandings of Middle Grade Students.

This study investigated proportional reasoning and the related concepts of decimal, percent, and ratio. In particular, the research focused on analyzing the gaps and understandings that grades 6, 7, and 8 students have and advanced factors for such gaps and understandings. The study employed a mixed method approach in which quantitative data was collected and analyzed in the first phase. The hypothesis that differences in mean performance of students on the test among grades 6, 7, and 8 would be statistically significant was not supported by the data. The second phase involved collection of qualitative data, specifically interviews and documents observation. The interview data revealed that several factors relating to the learner, task, and strategy were responsible for the gaps and understandings. Implication for planning, instruction, and assessment is discussed.
In situ evidence for renitrification in the Arctic lower stratosphere during the polar aura validation experiment (PAVE)

In‐situ measurements of nitric acid (HNO3), ozone (O3), and nitrous oxide (N2O) were made from the NASA DC‐8 during the Polar Aura Validation Experiment in January/February 2005. In the lower stratosphere (9–12.5 km, potential temperature 300–350 K) characteristic compact relationships were observed between all three gases. The ratio HNO3/O3 averaged 3.5 (±0.7) ppt/ppb. Samples with enhanced HNO3/O3 (>4.0) were most abundant under the edge of the Arctic Polar vortex in airmasses with enhanced mixing ratios of both gases (>400 ppb O3 and >2000 ppt HNO3) and reduced mixing ratios of N2O (<305 ppb), indicating air from higher levels in the stratosphere. Relationships to N2O in the anomalous samples under the vortex edge indicate that increases in HNO3/O3 reflect renitrification at DC‐8 flight levels, with no indication of significant O3 loss. Renitrified air was only observed at potential temperatures above 340 K, and was most abundant on the PAVE flights on 27 and 29 January.
Confronting the challenges of tidal flat conservation: spatial patterns and human impacts in a marine protected area in southern NSW, Australia

XVIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XX CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1.1. Why Conservation? 2 1.1.2. The challenges 3 1.2. KEY THEMES OF RESEARCH ON ESTUARINE, TIDAL FLAT ASSEMBLAGES 5 1.2.1. Spatial patterns of Biodiversity 6 1.2.2. Structuring Processes 7 1.2. 3. Human impacts 12 1.3. MARINE PROTECTED AREAS – GLOBAL AND LOCAL PERSPECTIVES 13 1.3. 1. Objectives of Marine Protected Areas 14 1.3. 2. Challenges specific to the establishment and maintenance of MPAs 15 1.3. 3. Measured outcomes from MPAs 18 1.3. 4. Marine Protected Areas in NSW, Australia 18 1.4. AIMS OF THE STUDY 20 CHAPTER 2 GENERAL METHODS 23 2.1. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY LOCATION 24 2.2. SAMPLING METHODS – PILOT STUDY 27 CHAPTER 3 31 II THE IMPORTANCE OF SPATIAL SCALE FOR THE CONSERVATION OF TIDAL FLAT MACROBENTHOS: AN EXAMPLE FROM NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA. WINBERG, P. C. , T. P. LYNCH, A. MURRAY, A. R. JONES, AND A. R. DAVIS. 2007. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 134: 310-320 31 3.
Ethnocentrism, Religiosity, Environmental and Health Consciousness: Motivators for Anti-Consumers

This paper covers highlighting the importance of anti-consumer groups in today’s markets and several outstanding factors shaping their reaction against consumption, which are ethnocentrism, religiosity, environmental and health consciousness. A conceptual model is presented which examines the explaining power of ethnocentrism, religiosity, environmental and health consciousness upon voluntary simplifiers and global impact consumers. Data were collected through an e-questionnaire by sending posts to the anti-consumer websites. A total of 503 useable responses were retained for analysis. The analysis reveals that ethnocentrism, environmental and health consciousness have significant impacts upon anti-consumers. In addition, religiosity has a negative impact upon global impact consumers’ anti-consumption behavior. Raising sensitiveness to environmental and health consciousness and ethnocentrism with regards to dealing with anti-consumers enables companies to have sustainable competitive power. These consumers’ growing satisfaction contributes to consumer loyalty in addition to an increase in market share. Researches related to anti-consumers have traditionally emphasized their impacts upon companies’ profits and reputation. On the contrary, this study reveals the main motivations behind voluntary simplifiers and global impact consumers and puts forth a new perspective by presenting the findings related to anti-consumers in Turkey.
Effects of Task Index Variations on Transfer of Training Criteria.

Abstract : This report describes the concluding study in a three phase program. The goal of the program has been to develop and validate a set of quantitative task indices for use in forecasting the effectiveness of training devices. Phase III results demonstrated that quantitative variations in task design could be related significantly and substantially to variations in transfer of training measures. On the basis of these results and those of Phase II, a set of predictive equations was constructed. It was concluded that these equations could be employed immediately to compare the efficacy of competing trainer prototypes, but that additional validation efforts in the field were necessary in orter to extend confidence and generality of the methodology. It was further concluded that the battery could be useful in selecting tasks for research on the interaction of task variables and other training system variables. A demonstration of this application was carried out in which training method was studied as a function of task complexity. Results of this latter study provided some support for the hypothesis that the effectiveness of dynamic rersus static procedural training varied with changes in task parameters. (Modified author abstract)
Oil price shocks and monetary policy in a data-rich environment Working Paper Monetary Policy

This paper examines the impact of different types of oil price shocks on the U.S. economy, using a factor-augmented VAR (FAVAR) approach. The results indicate that when examining the effects of oil price shocks, it is important to account for the interaction between the oil market and the macroeconomy. I find that oil demand shocks are more important than oil supply shocks in driving several macroeconomic variables, and that the origin of demand shocks matter. Specifically, the U.S. economy and monetary policy respond differently to global demand shocks that have the effect of raising the price of oil and to oil-specific demand shocks.
UTR vs. CU Formation: The Missing CET

In 1965, Cooper and Massell (CM), using a partial-equilibrium trade model, reached the conclusion that a policy of unilateral tariff reduction (UTR) is superior to the formation of a customs union (CU). Wonnacott and Wonnacott (WW) challenged this conclusion in 1981 by claiming to show that UTR need not dominate a CU. In this article, we demonstrate that the incorpo - ration of a common external tariff in WW? s CU model not only restores the validity of CM? s conclusion but also leads to the new proposition that the mutual adoption of non-discriminatory free trade policies is superior to UTR. (JEL Classifications: F13, F02)
The Wagner hypothesis from the perspective of the Romanian economy

The study consists in determining a long term relationship between the size of the governmental expenses and the economic growth in Romania during the 2000-2010 period. By using the quarterly data of this period and the econometric techniques like the Granger causality, the co-integration analysis and VAR analysis, we have reached the conclusion that there is enough proof in favour of validating the Wagner law.