Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical algebraic geometry

[1] T.Y. Li. Numerical solution of multivariate polynomial systems by homotopy continuation methods. Acta Numerica, 6:399–436, 1997. [2] J. Verschelde. Algorithm 795: PHCpack: A general-purpose solver for polynomial systems by homotopy continuation. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. , 25(2):251– 276, 1999. http://www.math.uic.edu/ ̃jan/download.html. 3. Numerical Irreducible Decomposition Numerical representations of positive dimensional solution sets.
The Relationship between Type of Delivery and Successful Breastfeeding

Background Breastfeeding is an only reliable nutritional source for infants. Many factors could affect breastfeeding such as delivery type. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of delivery type and breastfeeding successful. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive-analytical study. Subjects of this study were 298 (148 subjects [49.7%] with cesarean and 150 subject [50.3%] with vaginal delivery) mothers who were referred to 4 health care centers in Urmia, Iran. The demographic data, type of delivery, breast feeding characteristics were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 17.0 software. Results The mean age of mothers was 28.2 ± 4.9 years old. Of a total 298 mothers, 148 subjects (49.7%) had experienced cesarean delivery and 150 subjects (50.3%) had experienced vaginal delivery. There was no statistically significant difference among mothers who had Vaginal delivery compared to mothers who had Caesarean delivery in terms of the first lactation duration (P = 0.406), from delivery to first breastfeeding duration (P = 0.125), mean duration of next breastfeeding (P = 0.750), mean number of lactation per day (P = 0.133), and mean number of lactation per night (P = 0.081), and age of onset of auxiliary nutrition (P = 0.784). Conclusion In this study there was no relationship between type of delivery and breastfeeding behaviors; while in the vaginal delivery group, the average distance to first lactation was shorter, so, cesarean delivery can be dangerous for mothers, but also can affect the breastfeeding pattern.
Extermination as a substitute for assimilation or deportation: an economic approach

This paper places genocide or mass murder in a continuum of actions that a ruling power can take to remove an unwanted group from a society; that is, it views extermination as a means to an end, and it assumes that perpetrators are rational in the sense that they will choose the combination of means that can achieve the goal at the minimum cost to themselves. The means are assimilation into the general society, physical removal from view (which may involve either deportation within the country or exile from the country), and extermination. The available options and their costs will depend on the type of group, viz.: ethnic/national/racial, religious, income/property class, political. After developing the theoretical framework, the paper surveys a range of historical case studies from different types of group and finds good support for the cost-minimization hypothesis. In particular, it finds that in most cases the choice of means is an interior solution, as the hypothesis would lead one to expect, and that the chosen combination shifts as relative costs change.
Array Antennas of Size 8×8 Based on Hadamard Difference Sets

The problem of synthesizing the optimized equi-amplitude array antenna (AA) on the 8 8 × grid based on a Hadamard difference set is considered. By using newly found sets of this type on the 8 8 × grid the 28and 36-element AAs having a low sidelobe level are obtained. A numerical experiment showed that by a small alteration of the structure of such a set, further reduction of the AA sidelobe radiation is possible.
It's the Connections: The Network Perspective in Interorganizational Research

Executive Overview The application of social network analysis to interorganizational contexts has seen an explosion of interest in the past several years. We argue that not only does the network or structural perspective add explanatory power to scholarly understanding of organizations' behavior and outcomes, but that it expands the universe of observed phenomena from an autonomous to a relational view for studying and explaining organizational action and outcomes. We develop an organizing framework based on three levels of network analysis (the dyad, the ego, and the whole network) and four theoretical mechanisms (resource access, trust, power/control, and signaling) to organize and review the key findings and debates in the interorganizational network literature. We point to avenues for future research based on the linkages across the boxes in our framework, gaps in the framework, and finally, extensions beyond the framework.
Hypertension in Saudi Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Hypertension (HTN) are among the most common chronic non-communicable diseases Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Primary health care clinics at king Fahad armed forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 1740 Saudi diabetics were randomly selected. Results: A total of 3108 patients attending the Primary Health Care Clinics were included in this study, 1148 (36.9%) male and 1960 (63.1%) female. The diabetic group comprised of 1740 (56.0%) and non-diabetic group comprised of 1368 (44.0%) of the sample. T2DM and HTN was present in 981 (56.4%) of cases. The T2DM and HTN cases showed a female predominance (sex ratio female: male=1.5:1). The mean age of the participants was 42.2±17.9 years. Cases with T2DM and HTN were significantly older. HbA1c was not significantly different between cases with T2DM and HTN compared to cases with T2DM with no HTN. Around one third of the T2DM and HTN cases were in the age group of 50-59 years while about 38.4% were older than 60 years with both male and female predominance. 55.6% of the T2DM and HTN cases were obese BMI ≥ 30 with male predominance, Furthermore, 99.6% of cases with female predominance with BMI starting 18.5-24.9. Conclusion: The frequency of hypertension in patients with DM in this study is high. It is mandatory to have adequate diagnostic, therapeutic and educational resources in addition to competent physicians who can manage hypertension in diabetic patients by using a continuing, comprehensive and coordinated approach.
Silicon mediated biochemical changes in wheat under salinized and non-salinzed solution cultures

Silicon (Si) can alleviate salinity damage, a major threat to agriculture that causes instability in wheat production. We report on the effects of silicon (150 mg L -1 ) on the morphological, physiological and biochemical traits in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (salt sensitive; Auqab-2000 and salt tolerant; SARC-5) differing in salt tolerance under saline (10 dS m -1 ) and non-saline (2 dS m -1 ) hydroponic culture. Silicon supplementation into the solution culture improved wheat growth and K + :Na + with reduced Na + and increased K + uptake. Moreover, higher relative water content (RWC), increase in chlorophyll fractions and its ratios and stimulated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were observed. Nevertheless, the activity of peroxidase (POD) was reduced. We conclude that silicon inclusion into the growth medium is of assistance for wheat growth by maintaining plant water status, better K + :Na + , low electrolyte leakage and improved plant defense system adversely influenced by salt stress. SARC-5 showed better performance than Auqab-2000. Key words: Antioxidants, K + :Na + , silicon, salt stress, wheat growth.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Categories of category accessibility: The impact of trait versus exemplar priming on person judgments

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Effect of temperature on efficacy of three natural substances to Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract Azadirachtin, refined rape oil and slaked lime – three natural substances with insecticidal potential – were tested under laboratory conditions for their efficacy against larvae and adults of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C. General statistical analysis (all developmental stages and all insecticidal substances taken into account) was performed on the results of the mortality rates of the individuals and no statistically significant differences between the temperatures were observed on the fifth day after application. At all temperatures, the influence of insecticidal substances in question as well as the interaction between the insecticidal substance and the developmental stage of the pest on mortality rates were significant. The individual statistical analysis (a specified developmental stage of the pest at a specified temperature) revealed the maximum efficacy of the refined rape oil at 15°C and 20°C, the adults being the most sensitive developmental stage (mortality rate about 90%). Other substances tested were less effective, and in general the mortality rate of either larvae or adults did not exceed 50%. In the case that the efficacy of the refined rape oil in controlling the population of the adults of the Colorado potato beetle is confirmed also in field trials, this could be the basis for a better strategy in controlling the overwintered Colorado potato beetles on potato.
A Combined Soft-Sphere Collision/Immersed Boundary Method for Resolved Simulations of Particulate Flows

A second-order accurate and efficient Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) has been developed for simulating particle-laden flows. Recently, this method has been combined with a soft-sphere collision model to accommodate inter-particle and particle-wall collisions. Details of the collision model are given. Results are shown from a lubrication study of non-touching particles at close distance from each other. The numerical results for the drag force acting on the particles agree well with exact solutions, except when the gap width between the particles becomes significantly smaller than the numerical grid spacing. For very small gap width, lubrication force corrections are proposed for the normal approach between particles based on asymptotic analytical solutions. Results are presented from a numerical study of sphere-wall collisions in a viscous fluid. The simulated behavior of the coefficient of restitution as function of the Stokes number based on the particle impact velocity, is in good agreement with experimental data.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Kinematics and stellar population of NGC 4486A

Context. NGC 4486A is a low-luminosity elliptical galaxy harbouring an edge-on nuclear disk of stars and dust. It is known to host a super-massive black hole. Aims. We study its large-scale kinematics and stellar population along the major axis to investigate the link between the nuclear and global properties. Methods. We use long-slit medium-resolution optical spectra that we fit against stellar population models. Results. The SSP-equivalent age is about 12 Gyr old throughout the body of the galaxy, and its metallicity decreases from [Fe/H] = 0.18 near the centre to sub-solar values in the outskirts. The metallicity gradient is −0.24 dex per decade of radius within the effective isophote. The velocity dispersion is 132 ± 3k m s −1 at 1.3 �� from the centre and decreases outwards. The rotation velocity reaches a maximum Vmax 115 ± 5k m s −1 at a radius 1.3 < rmax < 2 �� . Conclusions. NGC 4486A appears to be a typical low-luminosity elliptical galaxy. There is no signature in the stellar population of the possible ancient accretion/merging event that produced the disk.
Completely symmetric resistance forms on the stretched Sierpiński gasket

The stretched Sierpinski gasket, SSG for short, is the space obtained by replacing every branching point of the Sierpinski gasket by an interval. It has also been called "deformed Sierpinski gasket" or "Hanoi attractor". As a result, it is the closure of a countable union of intervals and one might expect that a diffusion on SSG is essentially a kind of gluing of the Brownian motions on the intervals. In fact, there have been several works in this direction. There still remains, however, "reminiscence" of the Sierpinski gasket in the geometric structure of SSG and the same should therefore be expected for diffusions. This paper shows that this is the case. In this work, we identify all the completely symmetric resistance forms on SSG. A completely symmetric resistance form is a resistance form whose restriction to every contractive copy of SSG in itself is invariant under all geometrical symmetries of the copy, which constitute the symmetry group of the triangle. We prove that completely symmetric resistance forms on SSG can be sums of the Dirichlet integrals on the intervals with some particular weights, or a linear combination of a resistance form of the former kind and the standard resistance form on the Sierpinski gasket.
Difference in training load and technical actions during small-sided games in junior and senior soccer players

Purpose. The aim of the study was to analyse the differences in junior and senior soccer players during small-sided games (SSGs). Physiological responses (heart rate, rating of perceived exertion [rPE]), time-motion variables (acceleration sum, distance covered), and technical actions (dribbles, passes, tackles, interceptions, shots) were measured and compared between the different age groups and across the games. Methods. The total of 14 junior players (aged 17.6 ± 0.5 years) and 11 senior players (18.7 ± 1.1 years) participated in the study. All participants performed 4 × 4-minute 5 versus 5 SSGs with 1-minute passive rest and 1-minute active rest. Goalkeepers and coach encouragement were included. Results. No differences in physiological responses or time-motion variables were found between junior and senior players. Physiological responses did not change across the games except for the rPE (F(3,51) = 26.57, p < 0.001), which increased with fatigue. The number of technical actions was the same for junior and senior players and did not change across the games. Additionally, a high correlation was found between acceleration sum and total distance (r = 0.81). Conclusions. It was concluded that no differences existed in physiological responses or technical actions between junior and senior players for this specific soccer club.
Orientalism in Romani studies : the case of Eastern Europe

The article offers an critical analysis of the current state of the academic approaches in the field of Romani studies through prism of Orientalist approach not only toward research subject but also towards Romani scholars from Roma and Non-Roma origin. The article presents different approaches and methodological problems that appear in the study of Roma who live in Eastern Europe, or of Eastern European Origin. Two basic paradigms of Romani studies and in social practice and politics are discussed – their exoticization and their marginalisation, which can take on features of one or both of these two paradigms. On this backdrop the issues of academic ethic in Romani studies is raised. The emergence of NGO-science and native science as specific reflection of the two basic paradigms are discussed as well.
Healthy eating in UK minority ethnic households : influences and way forward

Many minority ethnic groups living in the UK experience health inequalities in the form of higher rates of mortality and morbidity as compared to the white population (Liu, et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2012; Ghouri, 2005; Nazroo, 2003; Bhopal, 2002). It has been argued that health inequalities experienced by minority ethnic populations will in part be affected by food differences (Ludwig, Cox and Ellahi, 2011; Ludvigsen and Scott, 2009). However, there is limited evidence on the food choices and eating practices of minority ethnic populations due to small sample sizes, difficulties in collecting information and small scale contradictory findings. It is therefore not a surprise that policies and practices informed by limited and contradictory evidence have not been able to tackle the issues of healthy diet and obesity. This paper draws on the findings from academic and grey literature, alongside the outcomes from a qualitative study conducted in three cities in the North of England which explored the influences on food choices among minority ethnic populations. Where possible, UK literature has been used. Because South Asian minorities are the most populous in the UK and there is a larger existing literature on their dietary practices, it has been easier to provide examples from these communities. UK based examples from other minority ethnic populations have been used where possible, but in some instances the findings from other Western countries have been used instead. It must not be assumed that minority ethnic groups have homogenous food practices. Keywords: health inequality; health inequalities; minority ethnic; healthy eating; food
Flood Hazard Assessment in Agricultural Areas: The Case of the District of Pélébina in the Municipality of Djougou, Bénin

Flood is a natural disaster and causes loss of life and property destruction. Its impacts are large on agriculture especially in West African countries where smallholder farmers account for 80% of all the farms. The objective of this study was to assess flood risks in the inland valley of Dosir located in the district of Pelebina, northern Benin. Rainfall, discharge and water level in the riverbed were monitored using rain gauge, acoustic current meter and pressure sensors, respectively. The hydrological functioning of the inland valley was simulated using the Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) model. The calibration was done based on the land use map (GlobalMap) and the soil water holding capacity map (UNEP). Our study demonstrated the existence of a high flood hazard in the inland valley of Dosir which reacts very quickly to rainfall solicitations. The IFAS model has shown a good performance in simulating the runoff in the riverbed of the inland valley with a coefficient of determination of 0.65. The IFAS model can be used to design a flood management system in the district of Pelebina. Further studies are needed to assess the exposure and vulnerability of farmers to flood risk.
One-pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnO and SnO2 Nanostructures: Enhanced H2 Sensing Attributed to in-situ p-n Junctions

Herein, we present a novel hydrothermal synthetic approach for the formation of SnO/SnO2 nanorods and their assembly into micro cubes as an effective gas sensing material. The synthesized materials were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, Micro-Raman, FT-IR, XPS, and thermogravimetry. Morphological evaluations by SEM revealed the rods of about 10 nm and cube about 6 um. Electrical characterization results attribute the enhanced hydrogen gas sensing response to the formation of SnO2/SnO local p-n junctions. Significantly improved sensor response and sensitivity could be achieved using Pd functionalization. Further, the anomalous room temperature ferromagnetic behavior of the as synthesized materials and its consequence on the enhanced sensing property is discussed.
Nutrition Knowledge Among Malaysian Elderly

This paper reports the nutrition knowledge of Malaysian elderly, as part of a nationwide study to evaluate the status of nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of food and nutrition among various communities in Malaysia. A total of 906 elderly, age ranging between 60 to 96 years old, with mean age 67.4 ± 6.7 years representing all states in Malaysia participated in the study. An interview administered questionnaire was used to assess the nutrition knowledge and to collect demographic data of the elderly. Subjects were in the 60-65 years (51%) and more than 65 years (49%) age category. There were 46% Malays, 32% Chinese, 6% Indians while the remaining 16% comprised of other minority groups in Malaysia such as Iban, Kadazan, Melanau, Orang Asli and others. More than half of the elderly (54%) had no formal education, 36% completed primary schooling and only 9% finished secondary education. Overall 73% elderly were categorized as having poor nutrition knowledge, 18% moderate and only 9% good. The minority groups had the highest percentage of poor nutrition knowledge (91%) while the Chinese had the highest percentage of good nutrition knowledge (11%). More female (78%) than male (67%) had poor nutrition knowledge, in contrast to more male (10%) than female (8%) with good nutrition knowledge. Chi square test showed that there was a significant correlation between educational status and nutrition knowledge. This was reflected in the results which showed that 81% elderly with no formal education were categorized in the poor nutrition knowledge group. Majority of the elderly did not know about foods to be consumed most (88%), or to be eaten least (87%). Only a quarter to a third of the elderly responded correctly to questions on nutrient function and content. The question on foods with high salt was well responded by the elderly (65%). It is quite discouraging to show that a majority of Malaysian elderly had poor nutrition knowledge. This study indicated that appropriate nutrition education interventions need to be implemented to improve the shortcomings of nutrition knowledge among the Malaysian elderly.
Sales Taxes and Prices: An Empirical Analysis

We employ a unique data source to examine the incidence of sales taxes. The main idea is to take information on the prices of specific commodities in different U. S. cities and to examine the extent to which differences in tax rates and bases are reflected in prices, controlling for other factors (such as costs). We find a surprising variety of shifting patterns. For some commodities, the after-tax price increases by exactly the amount of the tax, a result consistent with the standard competitive model. However, taxes on other commodities are overshifted—an increase in tax revenue of one dollar per unit increases the price by more than one dollar.
High resolution X-ray spectroscopy of SN 1987 A: monitoring with XMM-Newton

Context. The ongoing propagation of the supernova blast wave of SN 1987 A through its inner circumstellar ring has caused a drastic increase in X-ray luminosity in the past few years, which has allowed detailed high resolution X-ray spectroscopy to be performed with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer. Aims. We report the results of our XMM-Newton monitoring of SN 1987 A, which may be used to follow the detailed evolution of the arising supernova remnant. Methods. The fluxes and broadening of the numerous emission lines measured in the dispersed spectra provide information about the evolution of the X-ray emitting plasma and its dynamics. These were analyzed in combination with the EPIC-pn spectra, which allow a precise determination of the higher temperature plasma. We modeled individual emission lines and fitted plasma emission models. Results. For observations between 2003 and 2007 in particular, we detect significant evolution in the plasma parameters and a deceleration of the radial velocity in the lower temperature plasma regions. We detected (at 3σ-level) an iron K feature in the coadded EPIC-pn spectra. Conclusions. By comparing with Chandra grating observations in 2004, we observe a clear temporal coherence of the spectral evolution and the sudden deceleration of the expansion velocity detectable in X-ray images ∼6100 days after the explosion.