Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of children referred for health measure ruling according to the Child Protection Law

Objective. To assess the children referred to our clinic with a health measure ruling which was given in accordance with Turkey’s no. 5395 Child Protection Law, in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnosis, and follow-up. Methods. Thirty children referred to our clinic with a health measure ruling given according to Turkey’s no. 5395 Child Protection Law were assessed. Results. The mean age was 13.20±3.86 (min-max: 2-17). Referral reasons of the children with a health measure ruling included driven to crime in 7 (23.3%), family therapy in 8 (26.7%), sexual abuse in 8 (26.7%), substance abuse in 3 (10%), physical abuse in 1 (3.3%), and medical care and rehabilitation in 3 (10%) children. Of the children referred for a health measure, 19 (63.3%) did not continue following the initial assessment. Conclusions. To enhance the effectiveness of the protective and preventive mental health services, children and adolescents who have a health measure ruling should be treated, followed-up, and rehabilitated at every stage of the process. It is necessary to increase in-house and inter-agency communication in order to implement the system effectively for the benefit of these children.
Selection of a suitable definition of environment for the estimation of genotype × environment interaction in the weaning weight of beef cattle

Genotype by environment interactions for weaning weight in beef cattle were tested using several definitions of environments. Four breeds of beef cattle (Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Beef Simmental, and Charolais) were represented. The environments were defined according to five criteria: altitude, produ - ction areas, economic value of the land, less favourable areas, and performance levels of a breed within herds. Ten mixed models were compared including the effects of direct and maternal genetics, herd-year-season, maternal permanent environmental, breed, environment, genotype × environment interaction, sex of calf, and age of dam. The suitability of the models was tested by Akaike's Information Criterion, likelihood ratio test, and magnitude of the residual variance. The most suitable definitions of environment were less favoured areas and herd levels of performance. Estimates of direct heritability ranged from 0.07 to 0.19. Genotype × environment interactions should be included in a genetic evaluation model for interbreed comparisons of beef cattle in the Czech Republic.
Non‐truncating LIFR mutation: causal for prominent congenital pain insensitivity phenotype with progressive vertebral destruction?

We present a Qatari family with two children who displayed a characteristic phenotype of congenital marked pain insensitivity with hypohidrosis and progressive aseptic destruction of joints and vertebrae resembling that of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs). The patients, aged 10 and 14, remained of uncertain genetic diagnosis until whole genome sequencing was pursued. Genome sequencing identified a novel homozygous C65S mutation in the LIFR gene that is predicted to markedly destabilize and alter the structure of a particular domain and consequently to affect the functionality of the whole multi‐domain LIFR protein. The C65S mutant LIFR showed altered glycosylation and an elevated expression level that might be attributed to a slow turnover of the mutant form. LIFR mutations have been reported in Stüve–Wiedemann syndrome (SWS), a severe autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia often resulting in early death. Our patients share some clinical features of rare cases of SWS long‐term survivors; however, they also phenocopy HSAN due to the marked pain insensitivity phenotype and progressive bone destruction. Screening for LIFR mutations might be warranted in genetically unresolved HSAN phenotypes.
Concurrent system level test (CSLT) methodology for complex system-on-chip

Technological advancements in semi-conductor manufacturing industries have helped packing billions of transistors on a single piece of silicon chip also known as system-on-chip (SoC). The SoCs have evolved to a stage where more discrete functions are being integrated to form a complex SoC chip. With these increasing functionalities, there is a growing need for an additional test platform besides ATE, which can ensure end user experience level testing. System level test (SLT) is one such test platform that ensures end user experience testing (e.g., non-deterministic) by executing multiple test cases on different operating systems under varying test conditions in a sequential manner. With increased functionality, there is a need for additional test coverage at SLT, leading to more test time due to the fact that SLT is being done in a sequential manner, hence impacting the overall test cost. This paper discusses the importance of SLT and introduces the idea of concurrent system level test (CSLT) (i.e., a way to identify mutually exclusive test cases and execute them in parallel). CSLT methodology helps in reducing the test time without compromising on test quality. Experimental results have shown 20 to 25% reduction in test time with this method.
Mutation detection using Surveyor TM nuclease

The discovery of unknown mutations and polymorphisms in genome sequences is a vital aspect of widespread research areas, including pharmacogenetics in humans [linking single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype and haplotype information to disease drug treatment] and reverse genetics in model organisms (relating mutant phenotype to genomic DNA sequence information). The method of choice for precise mutation and polymorphism analysis has been DNA sequencing. However, this approach generates large quantities of unnecessary data. Another widely used method for screening DNA mismatches, PCR single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, has recently been made much more sensitive by using fluorescence detection and capillary electrophoresis for analyses (1). Denaturing highperformance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) is another sensitive mutation screening method that is used extensively (2). Unfortunately, both of these latter methods are generally limited to the analysis of DNA fragments less than 1000 bp in length, cannot be used to map multiple mutations in a single fragment, and do not easily yield the location of a mutation within a DNA sequence. Recently, a new family of neutral pH DNA endonucleases from plants has been described (3). The enzyme isolated from celery, CEL I nuclease, has been shown to cut DNA with high specificity in one of two strands at the 3′ side of basesubstitution mismatches and DNA distortions (3–5). CEL I nuclease has been used to accurately detect a variety of mutations and polymorphisms in the human BRCA1 gene (3–5). It has also been used to perform high-throughput screening of induced point mutations in Arabidopsis (6,7) and Lotus (8). These applications rely on fluorophore end-labeled DNA substrates coupled with fractionation platforms that separate denatured DNA cleavage products. CEL I nuclease has also been used to scan large regions of bacterial genomic DNA for mutations and polymorphisms by cleaving DNA at the 3′ side of a mismatch site in both DNA strands (9). The double-stranded cleavage products were fractionated by agarose gel electrophoresis and detected by Southern hybridization with labeled DNA (9). Using an enzyme from the CEL nuclease family, SurveyorTM nuclease (Transgenomic, Gaithersburg, MD, USA), we have extended the method of mutation discovery that exploits the enzyme’s ability to cut both DNA strands at a mismatch site to the analysis of digestion products on several separation/detection platforms. Surveyor nuclease mutation detection technology is a simple, sensitive, and reliable alternative to other screening methods. Here we show with substrates containing known mutations that Surveyor nuclease cleaves both DNA strands at sites of base substitution or insertion/deletion, recognizes and cleaves at multiple mutations in large DNA fragments, and produces detectable cleavage products from mismatch DNA representing only a small proportion of the DNA in a
Suggested Guidelines for Immunohistochemical Techniques in Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories

This document is the consensus of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) Subcommittee on Standardization of Immunohistochemistry on a set of guidelines for immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing in veterinary laboratories. Immunohistochemistry is a powerful ancillary methodology frequently used in many veterinary laboratories for both diagnostic and research purposes. However, neither standardization nor validation of IHC tests has been completely achieved in veterinary medicine. This document addresses both issues. Topics covered include antibody selection, fixation, antigen retrieval, antibody incubation, antibody dilutions, tissue and reagent controls, buffers, and detection systems. The validation of an IHC test is addressed for both infectious diseases and neoplastic processes. In addition, storage and handling of IHC reagents, interpretation, quality control and assurance, and troubleshooting are also discussed. Proper standardization and validation of IHC will improve the quality of diagnostics in veterinary laboratories.
Effect of endotracheal tube leakage on respiratory function monitoring: Comparison of three neonatal ventilators

Abstract In preterm infants, lung function monitoring is important for lung-protective mechanical ventilation. In this study, we used a neonatal lung model to investigate the effect of endotracheal tube (ETT) leakage on the monitoring of tidal volume (VT) and lung mechanics using different ventilators. A neonatal lung model was ventilated via a 3 mm ETT using three ventilators, Babylog 8000, Leoni, and Stephanie. ETT leakage was simulated by open silicone tubes with different lengths. The volume delivered to the lung model was measured and compared with the displayed expiratory VT of the three ventilators. The effect of ETT leakage on lung mechanical parameters displayed by the ventilators was investigated for respiratory rates from 20 min−1 to 70 min−1 and a constant inspiratory time: expiratory time ratio of 1:1. The displayed ETT leakage depended on the size of the leak, ventilator settings, and the ventilator used. In the presence of ETT leakages, for all three ventilators, the displayed VT underestimated the true volume delivered to the lung. With increasing ETT leakage, displayed compliance was overestimated by Babylog 8000 and Stephanie, whereas Leoni underestimated compliance. The displayed resistance increased with increasing ETT leakage for the three ventilators, but quite different. The effect of ETT leakage on displayed VT and lung mechanical parameters is ventilator-dependent. ETT leakage can lead to incorrect measurements that indicate reduced VT, improvement of lung compliance, or ETT obstruction.
Effects of direct intravitreal dopamine injection on sclera and retina in form-deprived myopic rabbits.

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate morphologic changes of retina and sclera in form-deprived myopic rabbits following intravitreal dopamine injection. METHODS Neonatal rabbits were monocularly deprived of form vision by suturing the right eyelids after natural eye opening. In the form deprivation (FD) group, the right eye received FD alone. In the dopamine-form deprivation (DA-FD) group, the deprived eye received an intravitreal injection of 20 microg of dopamine every 5 days for a total of 4 injections. In the saline-FD group, the deprived eye received saline injections to the same schedule as the DA-FD group. The untreated contralateral eyes were used as controls. After an 8-week treatment period, the effects of DA on sclera and retina anterior and posterior to the equator were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS Treated eyes in the FD and saline-FD groups developed form deprivation myopia. These eyes had markedly reduced scleral thickness and smaller diameter scleral collagen fibrils posterior to the equator. In addition, the normal gradient of fibril size from the outer to the inner layers of the posterior sclera was absent in the treated eyes of both the FD and saline-FD groups. In contrast, posterior scleral thickness was greater in DA-FD eyes than in contralateral controls. A distinct swelling of retinal pigment epithelium mitochondria was observed in the treated eye of the DA-FD group, but no obvious retinal abnormalities were found in the treated eyes of the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS The sclera, especially posterior sclera, plays an important role in both the induction and inhibition of myopia. An additional finding was that changes in the sclera of rabbits with low myopia were similar to those of the sclera of other mammals with high myopia. The results of this study will contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of myopia development and inhibition by intravitreal dopamine injection.
Green Tea Catechins Decrease Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma and Organs of C57BL/6J Mice Fed Atherogenic Diet

Green tea catechins (TC) have anti-obesity effects on atherosclerosis-susceptible mice fed atherogenic diet, but the antioxidant effect of the catechins at these conditions is not studied. Our aim is to show that green tea catechins have a favorable effect on plasma and organs lipid peroxidation parameters. For the purpose we have fed atherosclerosis-susceptible mice HF (30 %) diet containing TC (0.5 %). We have measured body weight, food intake, ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), total cholesterol and α-tocopherol concentrations in plasma, and lipid hydroperoxides concentrations in liver and small intestine, and compared them with these in control group fed HF diet. Also we have measured ECG and EGCG concentrations in plasma, liver, and small intestine of the mice fed TC. Our results show that green tea catechins′ feeding reduces the body weight without affecting the food intake. TC group FRAP values are significantly different from these in the control group at all investigated periods. α-Tocopherol plasma concentrations in TC group have greater values than these in the control group. TC group liver and small intestine lipid hydroperoxides concentrations are lower than these in HF group. In conclusion, our results show that green tea catechins′ feeding leads to catechins accumulation in plasma, liver, and small intestine which causes anti-lipid peroxidation effects in atherosclerosis-susceptible mice.
Effects of nitric oxide-releasing aspirin versus aspirin on restenosis in hypercholesterolemic mice

Restenosis is due to neointimal hyperplasia, which occurs in the coronary artery after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). During restenosis, an impairment of nitric oxide (NO)-dependent pathways may occur. Concomitant hypercholesterolemia may exacerbate restenosis in patients undergoing PTCA. Here, we show that a NO-releasing aspirin derivative (NCX-4016) reduces the degree of restenosis after balloon angioplasty in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice and this effect is associated with reduced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and macrophage deposition at the site of injury. Drugs were administered following both therapeutic or preventive protocols. We demonstrate that NCX-4016 is effective both in prevention and treatment of restenosis in the presence of hypercholesterolemia. These data indicate that impairment of NO-dependent mechanisms may be involved in the development of restenosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Although experimental models of restenosis may not reflect restenosis in humans in all details, we suggest that a NO-releasing aspirin derivative could be an effective drug in reducing restenosis following PTCA, especially in the presence of hypercholesterolemia and/or gastrointestinal damage.
Progressing from 'functional' to mechanistic traits.

This issue of New Phytologist contains a very exciting paper by Larter et al. (2017, pp. 97–112) showing how millions of years of progressive aridification in Australia led to dramatic evolution in water transport capabilities in this country's most successful extant conifer clade. The genus examined is Callitris, a remarkably resilient clade of Cupressaceae that ranges from the rainforested slopes of New Caledonia, across much of the parched Australian continent. Indeed the current world title for the most water-stress tolerant xylem comes from a small tree species of Callitris that inhabits desert margins in southern Australia (Larter et al., 2015). In their latest work on the Callitris clade, Larter et al. (2017) find that a single functional trait (xylem resistance to cavitation) is very strongly correlated with species distributions in terms of aridity across the extensive climatic range of the group. Together with similar studies from different scales (Blackman et al., 2012; Pittermann et al., 2012; Brodribb et al., 2014) this work paves the way for using mechanistic traits to explain broad patterns of evolution and ecology in plants. By ‘mechanistic traits’, I mean traits whose function can be clearly physiologically defined, as opposed to the more abstract ‘functional’ traits, such as leaf mass per area (LMA), that have been used to great effect in explaining plant economics over the last 15 years (Wright et al., 2004).
Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with haloperidol, review of 34 cases.

This study of 34 patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome describes the treatment of 21 patients who were followed for two months to five years. Thirteen patients were excluded from the overall analysis because they did not fulfill criteria for inclusion in this report. Haloperidol was a difficult drug to use effectively. The dosage varied between 6 and 180 mg and had to be titrated against an endpoint of efficacy compared with side effects. Most patients were able to achieve over 90% decrease in their symptoms after one year of treatment. Other minor and major tranquilizers were less effective. Other chemotherapy and psychotherapy were ineffective. Spontaneous decrease or increase of symptoms are common and lead to difficulty in evaluation of clinical course.
Corrective Control With Transient Assistive Measures: Value Assessment for Great Britain Transmission System

In this paper, the efficacy and value of using corrective control supported by transient assistive measures (TAM) is quantified in terms of the cost savings due to less constrained operation of the system. The example TAM is a rapid modulation of the power order of the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links in the system so as to improve transient stability during corrective control. A sequential approach is used for the offline value assessment: a security constrained economic dispatch (SCED) module (master problem) determines the optimal generation dispatch, HVDC settings, and the corrective control actions to be used post-fault (generation and demand curtailed) so as to minimize the operational costs while ensuring static security. The transient stability module (slave problem) assesses the dynamic stability for the operating condition set by the SCED and, if needed, applies appropriate TAM to maintain the system transiently stable. If this is not possible, the master module uses a tighter set of security constraints to update the dispatch and other settings until the system can be stabilized. A case-study on the Great Britain system is used to demonstrate that corrective control actions supported by TAM facilitate significantly higher pre-fault power transfers whilst maintaining N-2 security.
Beyond Big and Little: The Four C Model of Creativity

Most investigations of creativity tend to take one of two directions: everyday creativity (also called “little-c”), which can be found in nearly all people, and eminent creativity (also called “Big-C”), which is reserved for the great. In this paper, the authors propose a Four C model of creativity that expands this dichotomy. Specifically, the authors add the idea of “mini-c,” creativity inherent in the learning process, and Pro-c, the developmental and effortful progression beyond little-c that represents professional-level expertise in any creative area. The authors include different transitions and gradations of these four dimensions of creativity, and then discuss advantages and examples of the Four C Model.
ZD7288 inhibits postsynaptic glutamate receptor‐mediated responses at hippocampal perforant path–granule cell synapses

Hyperpolarization‐activated channels (Ih) are widely expressed in the nervous system and believed to play an important role in the regulation of membrane excitability and rhythmic activity. Recent evidence suggests that Ih may be involved in long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus; however, the results are controversial. To explore the possible causes of these differing results, the effects of Ih blockers on synaptic activity were evaluated in mouse hippocampal slices. ZD7288 (20 µm), a selective Ih blocker, apparently prevented the induction of LTP, while Cs+ (1 mm), a commonly used Ih blocker, had no effect on LTP at hippocampal perforant path–dentate granule cell synapses. In addition, ZD7288 but not Cs+ abolished basal synaptic transmission. Results from voltage‐clamp experiments showed that ZD7288 produced a very little inhibition on hyperpolarization‐activated currents, indicating a weak expression of the Ih in granule neurons. Outside‐out patch recordings revealed that ZD7288 inhibited glutamate receptor‐mediated responses, while Cs+ had no effect on them. Meanwhile, ZD7288 reduced both α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents. The results suggest that ZD7288‐induced reduction of synaptic transmission may result from its inhibition of the postsynaptic glutamate receptors on dentate granule neurons.
Recalling word lists reveals "cognitive dysmetria" in schizophrenia: a positron emission tomography study.

OBJECTIVE This study explored the neural circuitry used during recall of unstructured verbal material in schizophrenic patients and healthy volunteer subjects. METHOD The subjects were 13 healthy volunteers and 14 schizophrenic patients. All patients were free of medication, and all subjects were right-handed. Two experimental cognitive conditions were used: recall of novel and practiced word lists (two 15-item lists from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test). Both active recall tasks were compared with an eyes-closed resting baseline condition. A nonparametric randomization test was used to determine within- and between-group differences in regional cerebral blood flow. RESULTS Performance on both the practiced and novel memory tasks was nonsignificantly different in the patients and control subjects. During the novel memory task, the patients showed decreased flow in the right anterior cingulate, right thalamus, and bilateral cerebellum (left greater than right) relative to the control subjects. When recalling the practiced word lists, the patients showed decreased flow in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral medial frontal cortex, left supplementary motor area, left thalamus, left cerebellar regions, anterior vermis, and right cuneus. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia fail to activate cortical-cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuitry during recall of both well-learned and novel word lists.