Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Yield Goals Be Predicted

2389 The yield goal concept has been used for cereal crops, but has not been comprehensively examined using actual yield data from long-term experiments. Before 1957, N rate recommendations were based on soil criteria and crop management. Since 1970, the yield goal approach has been a popular method for determining the N rate for maize (Zea mays L.) in the central Great Plains (Fernandez et al., 2009). Dahnke et al. (1988) defined yield goal as the “yield per acre you hope to grow. ” This was further clarified in noting that what you hope to grow and what you end up with are two different things. Yield goals range from past average yields, to potential yield, to expected yields. Dahnke et al. (1988) further delineated that potential yield was the highest possible yield obtainable with ideal management, soil, and weather. For this paper, what is defined as potential yield would be “maximum yield,” since “potential yield” is bound to specific soil and weather conditions that can change. Rehm and Schmitt (1989) noted that with favorable soil moisture at planting it would be wise to aim 10 to 20% higher over the recent average when selecting a grain yield goal. They also suggested that if soil moisture is limiting, use of history and past maximums (used to generate averages) may not be the best method for setting a grain yield goal for the upcoming crop. Use of farm and/or county averages was discouraged for cutting-edge farmers more focused on high farm profitability (Rehm and Schmitt, 1989). A practical range for a yield goal should be between average to near maximum yield, observed by you or a neighbor under similar conditions (Dahnke et al., 1988). North Dakota State University (NDSU) Extension Service had recommended that the yield goal could be the best achievable yield in the last 4 to 5 yr and that is usually 30 to 33% higher than the average yield. Nonetheless, this has been updated to reflect that NDSU no longer employs yield goals in any of the crops for which they make N fertilizer recommendations (Dave Franzen, North Dakota State University, personal communication, February 2017). Prior studies from Black and Bauer (1988) understood yield goals as needing to be based on how much water is available to the winter wheat crop from stored soil water to a depth of 1.5 m in the spring plus the anticipated amount of growing Can Yield Goals Be Predicted?
Absorptive Capacity and Ambidexterity in R&D: Linking Technology Alliance Diversity and Firm Innovation

The aim of this study is to examine how firms realize the benefits associated with a diverse range of technology alliances. We propose and test the hypothesis that firms’ knowledge combinative capabilities mediate the relationship between technology alliance diversity and innovation. Using panel data for Spanish manufacturing companies during the period 2004–2011, we provide evidence that firms’ absorptive capacity and ambidexterity in R&D serve as mediating mechanisms between technology alliance diversity and innovative performance. Our study advances the literature on technology alliances by showing how firms use their portfolios of technology alliances to form their combinative capabilities, and subsequently, to enhance innovation outcomes.
Short report: The moderating effect of estimated pre-morbid IQ on the relationship between neuropsychological status and subjective well-being after brain tumor Running head: premorbid IQ and adjustment to brain tumor

Objective: People with brain tumor experience complex and distressing symptoms. Neuropsychological impairment is proposed to have a negative impact on subjective wellbeing; however, research is yet to examine the influence of estimated premorbid IQ on this relationship. This preliminary study investigated the moderating effect of estimated premorbid IQ on the relationship between global neuropsychological status (GNF) and depression and quality of life. Methods: 73 adults (51% male) aged 21-65 years with primary brain tumor (52% benign) were administered a test battery assessing estimated premorbid IQ, GNF, depression (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy; FACT). Results: A series of two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for education found a significant interaction between estimated premorbid IQ (low average to average vs high average) and GNF (low vs high) on levels of depression (p<.05) and FACT emotional well-being (p<.05). For these outcomes, individuals with high average estimated premorbid IQ and low GNF reported better well-being than those with low-average to average estimated premorbid IQ and low GNF. Higher GNF was related to greater functional well-being (p<.01) irrespective of estimated premorbid IQ. Conclusion: The finding that higher premorbid cognitive ability buffers the effect of neuropsychological impairment on emotional well-being after brain tumor advances understanding of the role of cognitive reserve in adjustment to neurological disorders.
On the effect of discrete roughness on the growth of crossflow instability in very low turbulence environment

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Massive stars formed in atomic hydrogen reservoirs: H I observations of gamma-ray burst host galaxies

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), among the most energetic events in the Universe, are explosions of massive and short-lived stars, so they pinpoint locations of recent star formation. However, several GRB host galaxies have recently been found to be deficient in molecular gas (H2), believed to be the fuel of star formation. Moreover, optical spectroscopy of GRB afterglows implies that the molecular phase constitutes only a small fraction of the gas along the GRB line of sight. Here we report the first ever 21 cm line observations of GRB host galaxies, using the AustraliaTelescope Compact Array, implying high levels of atomic hydrogen (H i), which suggests that the connection between atomic gas and star formation is stronger than previously thought. In this case, it is possible that star formation is directly fuelled by atomic gas (or that the H i-to-H2 conversion is very efficient, which rapidly exhaust molecular gas), as has been theoretically shown to be possible. This can happen in low-metallicity gas near the onset of star formation because cooling of gas (necessary for star formation) is faster than the H i-to-H2 conversion. Indeed, large atomic gas reservoirs, together with low molecular gas masses, stellar, and dust masses are consistent with GRB hosts being preferentially galaxies which have very recently started a star formation episode after accreting metal-poor gas from the intergalactic medium. This provides a natural route for forming GRBs in low-metallicity environments. The gas inflow scenario is also consistent with the existence of the companion H I object with no optical counterpart ~19 kpc from the GRB 060505 host, and with the fact that the H I centroids of the GRB 980425 and 060505 hosts do not coincide with optical centres of these galaxies, but are located close to the GRB positions.
Universality of Intermittent Convective Transport in the Scrape‐off Layer of Magnetically Confined Devices

This article describes briefly recent results on the universality of intermittent convective transport reported in the scrape‐off layer. We show that the statistical properties of turbulence are identical for four different magnetic fusion devices. The four devices are the PISCES linear plasma device, the Tore Supra tokamak with limiter configuration, the Alcator C‐MOD with divertor configuration and high magnetic field, and theMAST spherical tokamak where the walls are far from the last closed flux surface (LCFS). These four devices do not only have different magnetic configurations but also have four different probes designs. Nine different types of statistical analyses are used, here we present just a few. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Use of Diversity Array Technology (DArT) for Genotyping of Humulus lupulus L.

Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT - www.diversityarrays.com) is a micro-array based DNA marker technique for genome wide discovery and genotyping of genetic variation. DArT potentially allows simultaneous scoring of thousands of restriction site polymorphisms between genotypes and does not require DNA sequence information or site specific oligonucleotides. An international consortium (Australia, USA, UK, Slovenia) screened 86 (cultivated, wild; female, male) accessions of hop from Europe, North America, Asia and Australia, including examples of Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides, H. lupulus var. pubescens and H. lupulus var. neomexicanus, using DArT. The accessions included key current and historical, high and low alpha-acid, aroma, triploid, dwarf, and powdery and downy mildew resistant and susceptible cultivars. DArT identified 730 polymorphic markers, with reproducibility approaching 100%, and a high call rate. Preliminary studies of the data indicate that a large proportion of the markers reflect differences between wild and cultivated material. Distinction can be made between and within material of European, North American and Asian origin, with related accessions, and accessions from a single cultivar known by several synonyms clustering together. Initial investigation suggests that the reproducibility of DArT markers, the level of genetic variation detected with this system in hop, and the resolution of known genetic affinities are positive signs that DArT will provide the platform for future exploration of marker-trait associations to develop marker assisted selection technologies in hop. Based on this study, the DArT platform provides a reproducible, accurate, high throughput genotyping tool for hop. In the future this work will be developed to increase the number of markers available for hop using DArT, and to generate linkage maps and identify quantitative trait loci for key traits in a number of families.
Results on Quasi Contraction Random Operators

In this paper, we prove the existence of common random fixed point for two continuous random operators under quasi contraction condition in a complete p-normed spaceX( with whose dual separates the point of X). Also, the well-posedness problem of random fixed points is studied. Our results, essentially cover special cases.
Effect of early post-partum GnRH and PGF2 alpha administration on follicular activities in Murrah buffaloes

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of GnRH and PGF2 α administration during early post partum period (PP) on ovarian activities and initiation of PP estrus in Murrah buffaloes. A total of thirty six Murrah buffaloes were selected and divided equally into three groups comprising twelve buffaloes each. Buffaloes in Group I were i.m. injected with GnRH as busreline acetate ( 10 µg) while those in group II were i.m. injected with PGF2 α as tiaprosttrometamol (0.750 mg) on day 14 PP. The buffaloes in Group III were kept as control. The experimental buffaloes were examined with 7.5 transrectal probe on day 14, 21 and 28 PP. On day 14 PP, 14 (38.88%) ovaries showed small follicular development and 4 (11.11%) ones showed multiple follicular activity when observed ultrasonographically. On day 21 postpartum, 4 (11.11%) ovaries showed small follicular development, 11 (30.50%) ovaries showed multiple follicular activity and 18 (50.00%) ones indicated good follicular development when observed ultrsonographically. On day 28 PP, 3 (9.37%) ovaries showed small follicular development and 3 (9.37%) ones showed multiple follicular activities whereas 26 (81.25%) ones indicated good follicular development when observed ultrasonographically. The post partum ovarian activity was initiated with average 3.5±0.150, 3.25±0.130 and 4±0.467 weeks in Group I, II and III, respectively. From the present study it can be concluded that PGF2 a administration during early PP hastens the initiation of post-partum estrus in buffaloes and transrectal ultrasonography is good tool for monitoring the slight follicular developments.
Genetic Variation among various populations of spadefoot toads (Pelobates syriacus, Boettger, 1869) at breeding sites in northern Israel

A genetic study was carried out on spadefoot toads (Pelobates syriacus) from habitats of various locations and altitudes in northern Israel. Cytochrome b and 12S were amplified by PCR for the analysis of genetic variation based on five DNA polymorphisms and for RAPD PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial DNA fragments were determined from a 460 bp clone of cytochrome b and a 380 bp clone of 12S (GenBank accession numbers, FJ595199-FJ59-5203). No genetic variation was found among the populations with regard to 12S. According to the analysis of five sequences using Arlequin software, there was a high gene identity among the populations (98.7%-99.6%). Both populations, Elrom Pond breeding site, at the highest altitude and Fara Pond, at the lowest, had the lowest identities as compared to other populations. The DNA variation among P. syri-acus populations from various breeding sites, according to band sharing (BS), when using the OP-4 primer, was 0.92-1.00. Similarity was low between the population of Elrom Pond and the populations of Kash Pond, Raihania Pond and Sasa Pond (0.92 BS), as well as between the population of Fara Pond at the lowest altitude, and the populations of Kash Pond, Raihania Pond and Sasa Pond (0.92 BS). Similar results were obtained when comparing the results obtained using primer OPA-3. The lowest similarity was found between populations of the highest altitude (Elrom Pond) and lowest altitude (Fara Pond), relative to the other ponds (Kash Pond, Raihania Pond and Sasa Pond) with a BS of 0.93.
The Role for Counter-Cyclical Fiscal Policy in Singapore

Singapore's policymakers have often used fiscal policy as a counter-cyclical tool. Empirical results based on a structural autoregression framework suggest that fiscal policy can be used for demand management, although the impact may be somewhat short lived. The short-lived impact could reflect a number of factors, including the absence of credit-constrained economic agents, a high propensity to save among households, monetary focus on price stability, and leakages due to economic openness. Notwithstanding, fiscal policy should still play a key stabilizing role in the current downturn given the downside risks to growth and the vast fiscal space.
Who are the persistently NEET young people

This report examines the group of young people aged 15-24 that are not engaged in education, employment or training (NEET). In particular, it examines those who are NEET for six or more months consecutively, known here as persistently NEET. Using data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth (LSAY), the report investigates the incidence of persistently NEET in this data, the socio-demographic characteristics associated with being persistently NEET, the activities of the group, and the outcomes at age 20-24 of those who have a persistently NEET period at ages 15-19. The analysis found that non-completion of Year 12, having children and coming from a lower socio-economic background are associated with being persistently NEET. It also found that having a persistently NEET period at ages 15-19 is associated with a greater likelihood of being persistently NEET at ages 20-24, and a lower likelihood of undertaking or completing a certificate III or higher level qualification by age 24. The Global Financial Crisis also appears to have had an impact on this group of young people.
A Multivariate Time Series Analysis of Household Debts during 2007-2009 Financial Crisis in South Africa: A Vector Error Correction Approach

In this study, we adopted multivariate time series approach to investigate the effect selected macroeconomic variables on household debts using South African data collected from 1990 Q1-2013 Q1. SAS 9.3 was used for the analysis. Johansen multivariate cointegration and the Toda-Yamamoto causality testing approaches were adopted. The ADF and KPSS unit root test results confirmed that all the variables under study were stationary. Cointegration results allowed the acceptance of four cointegrating vectors. The ECM revealed a negative sign implying the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The coefficient of the error term implied that 13.8% of disequilibrium due to negative and positive shocks was previously corrected in one period per quarter. This adjustment provided the model with all the signs concurring with economic theory and literature on household debts. Toda-Yamamoto causality results revealed a unidirectional relationship running from GDP, UR and ER to HHD. A feedback relationship was discovered between the remaining variables confirming they are not weakly exogenous in South African household debts systems. This study recommends the formulation and implementation of policies that will effectively help in dealing with household indebtedness in SA and also to complement the NCR. More emphasis should be placed on threatening determinants such as household consumption expenditure, gross domestic product and house prices. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n7p107
CFD Modelling Gas-Solid Flows in CFB/FCC Riser Reactors: Simulation Using Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF) in a Fully Developed Flow Situation

This study presents the simulation of gas-solid hydrodynamics and flow behaviour in a riser in an FCC riser circulating fluidised bed (CFB) reactor using the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid modelling approach, incorporating a kinetic theory constitutive model for dilute assemblies of FCC particulate solid. The interaction between gas and particles was modelled using particle interphase transfer model and Gidaspow drag model on a proprietary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS CFX, using turbulent k-e model. The interaction between gas and solid particles was modelled using particle interphase momentum transfer model with Miller-Gidaspow drag model on the commercial code. The simulation was run on steady state and then on transient conditions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) usefulness for FCC riser reactor is reaching an advanced stage in solving real life problems. It is a good practise to run a time-average comparison for solid velocities and concentrations to measure fluxes and densities along the riser axes. However, the hydrodynamic behaviour of gas-solid flow in riser was successfully compared with published experimental data of a CFB/FCC riser of length 15.1m and 0.1 m diameter. The overall flow patterns within the riser bed were predicted well by the model. For volume fraction around 2-3%, which is the average particle concentration in the riser system, the computed solid-holdup agrees with the experimental measurements. The predicted results and analysis will be useful for further modelling of industrial FCC riser reactors.
Neural Approaches to Conversational AI Question Answering , Task-Oriented Dialogue and Chatbots : A Unified View

The present paper surveys neural approaches to conversational AI that have been developed in the last few years. We group conversational systems into three categories: (1) question answering agents, (2) task-oriented dialogue agents, and (3) chatbots. For each category, we present a review of state-of-the-art neural approaches, draw the connection between them and traditional approaches, and discuss the progress that has been made and challenges still being faced, using specific systems and models as case studies.1 We are grateful to Chris Brockett, Asli Celikyilmaz, Yu Cheng, Bill Dolan, Zhe Gan, Sungjin Lee, Jinchao Li, Xiujun Li, Rangan Majumder, Chris Quirk, Alan Ritter, Yang Song, Hisami Suzuki, Wei Wei, Kun Yuan, and Yizhe Zhang for their helpful comments on this manuscript. ar X iv :1 80 9. 08 26 7v 1 [ cs . C L ] 2 1 Se p 20 18
Modeling noise and modulation performance of fiber grating external cavity lasers

A detailed model is developed for analyzing fiber grating external cavity lasers for both static and small-signal modulation conditions. The chip and package parasitics and leakage current induced distortion are included. The composite system is solved analytically in the small-signal regime using a Volterra functional series expansion method. As an application of the model, a thorough analysis of the appearance of nulls close to the harmonics of the cavity resonance frequency in the noise and modulation spectra is given. We show that the appearance of these nulls can be explained using the interplay of amplitude and phase coupling between laser diode and external resonant cavity. A signal flow graph approach is introduced which identifies methods of minimizing the nulls.
Characterization of free-space quantum channels

Many fundamental and applied experiments in quantum optics require transferring nonclassical states of light through large distances. In this context the free-space channels are a very promising alternative to optical fibers as they are mobile and enable to establish communications with moving objects, using satellites for global quantum links. For such channels the atmospheric turbulence is the main disturbing factor. The statistical properties of the fluctuating transmittance through the turbulent atmosphere are given by the probability distribution of transmittance (PDT). We derive the consistent PDTs for the atmospheric quantum channels by step-by-step inclusion of various atmospheric effects such as beam wandering, beam broadening and deformation of the beam into elliptic form, beam deformations into arbitrary forms. We discuss the applicability of PDT models for different propagation distances and optical turbulence strengths in the case when the receiver module has an annular aperture. We analyze the optimal detection and correction strategies which can improve the channel transmission characteristics. The obtained results are important for the design of optical experiments including postselection and adaptive strategies and for the security analysis of quantum communication protocols in freespace.