Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell Death and Ageing – A Question of Cell Type

Replicative senescence of human cells in primary culture is a widely accepted model for studying the molecular mechanisms of human ageing. The standard model used for studying human ageing consists of fibroblasts explanted from the skin and grown into in vitro senescence. From this model, we have learned much about molecular mechanisms underlying the human ageing process; however, the model presents clear limitations. In particular, a long-standing dogma holds that replicative senescence involves resistance to apoptosis, a belief that has led to considerable confusion concerning the role of apoptosis during human ageing. While there are data suggesting that apoptotic cell death plays a key role for ageing in vitro and in the pathogenesis of various age-associated diseases, this is not reflected in the current literature on in vitro senescence. In this article, I summarize key findings concerning the relationship between apoptosis and ageing in vivo and also review the literature concerning the role of apoptosis during in vitro senescence. Recent experimental findings, summarized in this article, suggest that apoptotic cell death (and probably other forms of cell death) are important features of the ageing process that can also be recapitulated in tissue culture systems to some extent. Another important lesson to learn from these studies is that mechanisms of in vivo senescence differ considerably between various histotypes.
Analyzing Callable and Convertible Bonds When the Modigliani-Miller Assumptions are Violated

We analyze callable, convertible, and callable-convertible bonds in a dynamic model with restructuring, taxation, and transaction/bankruptcy costs. In this setting, calling when conversion value equals call price is not generally optimal. Late (early) calls are optimal when the conversion ratio is high (low) and the debt coupon is low (high). If volatility is fixed, pure callable bonds with a substantial call premium maximize firm value, committing equity to second-best restructuring policies. Convertibles are dominated in this context, since the backdoor equity component of the bond is tax-inefficient. The model is extended to allow for instantaneous risk shifting. Call provisions shorten effective maturity, but are not sufficient to induce hedging. Convertible bonds induce hedging, and the optimal conversion ratio trades off incentive provision against tax costs. Convertibles dominate pure callable bonds only when costs of risk shifting are sufficiently high. Although they mitigate risk shifting incentives, no convertible bond can induce global hedging, since equity is infinitely risk loving near default. In addition, convertible bonds exacerbate underinvestment incentives, since conversion privileges reduce marginal q.
Gene expression in human neural stem cells: effects of leukemia inhibitory factor

Human neural precursor cells grown in culture provide a source of tissue for drug screening, developmental studies and cell therapy. However, mechanisms underlying their growth and differentiation are poorly understood. We show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) responsive precursors derived from the developing human cortex undergo senescence after 30–40 population doublings. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) increased overall expansion rates, prevented senescence and allowed the growth of a long‐term self renewing neural stem cell (ltNSCctx) for up to 110 population doublings. We established basal gene expression in ltNSCctx using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays that delineated specific members of important growth factor and signaling families consistently expressed across three separate lines. Following LIF withdrawal, 200 genes showed significant decreases. Protein analysis confirmed LIF‐regulated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD44, and major histocompatibility complex I. This study provides the first molecular profile of human ltNSCctx cultures capable of long‐term self renewal, and reveals specific sets of genes that are directly or indirectly regulated by LIF.
WHAT DOES VALUE MEAN AND HOW IS IT CREATED, MAINTAINED AND DESTROYED?

In this paper we suggest that 'value' has a different meaning for different stakeholders and that if the firm operates in line with investor interests, it acts as both customer and supplier and its motivations will reflect these roles. We then consider internal activities that reflect these motivations. Other activities maintain the firm, and some destroy value. Implications for the RBV are explored.
Effect of selenium and vitamin E deficiency on differential gene expression in rat liver.

To examine the molecular events associated with selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) deficiency, we applied cDNA array technology to define the transcriptional response in the liver of Se- and VE-deficient rats. VE deficiency alone did not induce any significant changes in expression profile among the genes evaluated. Se deficiency lead to a down-regulation of Se-dependent cGPx and to an induction of genes, encoding for detoxifying enzymes in liver (cytochrome P450 4B1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1). Combined VE and Se deficiency was characterized by alterations in the expression level of genes encoding for proteins involved in inflammation (multispecific organic anion exporter, SPI-3 serine protease inhibitor) and acute phase response (alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, metallothionein 1). Additionally, a significant down-regulation in the expression level of genes important in the inhibition of apoptosis (defender against cell death 1 protein, Bcl2-L1), cell cycle (G1/S-specific cyclin D1) and antioxidant defense (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytic subunit) was demonstrated. The experimental strategy identified several novel Se and VE sensitive genes.
Interactions of child maltreatment and serotonin transporter and monoamine oxidase A polymorphisms: Depressive symptomatology among adolescents from low socioeconomic status backgrounds

Abstract Child maltreatment and polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genes were examined in relation to depressive symptomatology. Adolescents (M age = 16.7 years) from low socioeconomic backgrounds with a history of child maltreatment (n = 207) or no such history (n = 132) were interviewed and provided buccal cells for genetic analysis. Gene × environment interactions were observed. Heightened depressive symptoms were found only among extensively maltreated youth with low MAOA activity. Among comparably maltreated youth with high MAOA activity, self-coping strategies related to lower symptoms. Sexual abuse and the 5-HTT short/short genotype predicted higher depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. This Gene × Environment interaction was further moderated by MAOA activity level. The results highlight the protective functions of genetic polymorphisms and coping strategies in high risk youth and offer direction for understanding resilience and its promotion from a multiple levels of analysis perspective.
Acetone-butanol fermentation of starches.

CRUESS, W. V. 1931 Pickling green olives. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull., 498. CRUESS, W. V. 1948 Commercial fruit and vegetable products. 3rd. Ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y. ORLA-JENSEN, S. 1919 The lactic acid bacteria. Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskabs, Skrifter, Naturvidenskab. math. Afdel. 8, 6, 81. PEDERSON, C. S. 1936 A study of the species Lactobacillu8 plantarum (Orla-Jensen) Bergey et al. J. Bact. , 31, 217. VAUGHN, R. H. 1946 Part II-Olives and pickles, processed foods, Vol. 4, lst Ed., Quartermaster Food and Container Institute for the Armed Forces. VAUGHN, R. H. 1947 Olive processing in California. Food Packer, 28, (5), 36. VAUGHN, R. H. , DOUGLAS, H. C. , AND GILILLAND, J. R. 1943 Production of Spanish-type green olives. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull., 678.
Left ventricular myocardial function during the acute phase of a subarachnoid haemorrhage

Objectives. Previous reports suggest that left myocardial ventricular function changes during the course of a subarachnoid haemorrhage. The aim of this study was to evaluate left myocardial ventricular function with tissue Doppler echocardiography at two time points during the acute phase of a subarachnoid haemorrhage. Design. Eighteen consecutive patients (median 52 years, range 33–74) with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage and no history of heart disease were examined at 1–5 days and at 6–11 days following ictus. Eighteen control subjects were included for comparison (52 years, 32–72). Results. Tissue Doppler indices of left ventricular contractility were higher in patients than in controls at both examinations (p<0.001). Indices of left ventricular stroke volume were elevated compared to controls at examination 1 (p<0.05), but not at examination 2. Early diastolic relaxation rate decreased from examination 1 to 2 (p=0.001). Three patients had increased troponin T (range 0.010–0.131µg/l). Conclusion. In patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage, systolic and diastolic function is increased compared to healthy controls, suggesting a hyperdynamic and hypervolemic circulation.
Corporate Governance and Accountability

Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. Part I Corporate governance: frameworks and mechanisms. 1 Defining corporate governance. 2 Corporate governance failure. 3 Corporate governance reform in the UK. 4 The role of boards in corporate governance. 5 The role of institutional investors in corporate governance. 6 The role of transparency, internal control and risk management in corporate governance. Part II Global corporate governance. 7 An introduction to corporate governance systems worldwide. 8 A reference dictionary of corporate governance systems. Part III Corporate governance and stakeholder accountability. 9 Discharging a broader corporate accountability. 10 Environmental, social and governance considerations in institutional investment. Appendix A The Combined Code on Corporate Governance (July 2003). Appendix B The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. References. Index.
The Role of Cash Flow Ratios in Improving the Accuracy of Models Based on Accrual Ratios to Predict the Financial Failure of Jordanian Industrial Companies Shareholders

The purpose of this study is to identify the role of cash flow ratios in improving the accuracy ability of the traditional models which are used to predict the financial failure of Jordanian industrial companies as a going concern. To achieve the aim of the study, a Discriminant Analysis was used to design a mathematical model based on 30 accrual ratios which were mostly used in related previous studies, on a sample of (36) companies, half of them faced bankruptcy and the other half continued, for the period which extended from 1989 to 2001. Then the same analysis, sample, and period were used to design another model based on (23) cash flow ratios in addition to the previous accrual ratios. After that, each model was tested on a sample of (37) companies, three of which faced bankruptcy and the others continued, for the period which extended from 2002 to 2005. The findings of the study revealed that the cash flow ratios improve the prediction ability of the models of accrual ratios in regard to the evaluation of Jordanian industrial companies as a going concern. Those findings agree with the findings revealed by Matar (2001), Ali (2003), Sharma and Iseline (2003), and Jahmani and Dawood (2004), being evident in the prediction ability of the model which increased from (80.8%) to (91.8%).
Role of Interactive Control Systems and Foresight in Competitive Dynamics of Businesses

This paper contributes to the earlier management accounting literature on the framework of Levers of Control by investigating the role of interactive control systems in competitive dynamics of businesses. More specifically, the study focuses on the interactive use of management control systems of competitive environment and its relationship with companies’ foresight activity towards the future business, organizational learning, innovation and performance. The aim is to examine: First, to what extent does the interactive use of management control systems - related to customers, competitors, markets and technology - associate with the extent companies are oriented to foresight activity and organizational learning? Second, to what extent do these factors contribute to the product innovations and organizational performance of the companies? The study is based on a survey of 112 Finnish SMEs operating in the industries of manufacturing and services. The main results of path-analytical modeling indicate that more interactive use of management control systems of competitive environment is related to more future-oriented foresight activities especially through organizational learning in the companies. These kinds of activities together also seem to enhance the competitive advantage of the companies in terms of increased product innovations. Furthermore, evidence was found regarding the positive effects of increased product innovation on organizational performance.
A patient-initiated system for preventive health care. A randomized trial in community-based primary care practices.

OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of a patient-initiated, touch-sensitive computer system (TSCS) for improving screening rates for cancers of the breast, cervix, colon and rectum, and oral cavity. DESIGN One-year, randomized, controlled trial with primary care practice as the unit of analysis. SETTING Sixty primary care practices, randomly recruited from 329 nonteaching practices in a southeastern state. SUBJECTS Random sample of the medical records of 50 male and female adult patients before intervention and 50 adult patients after intervention in each practice and a random sample of 507 TSCS users. INTERVENTIONS Touch-sensitive computer system and a registered nurse who served as liaison to the study practices. The TSCS provided patient-specific preventive service recommendations and facilitated work flow to increase the completion of these interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Average change, adjusted for health maintenance examination (HME) and use of the TSCS, in the proportion of eligible patients undergoing screening mammography, clinical breast examination, digital rectal examination, fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, Papanicolaou smear, and oral cavity examination. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in the completion of screening mammography (6.6%; P < or = 0.5) and clinical breast examination (6.1%; P < or = .01) in women 50 years of age and older, particularly for those who had an HME during the study year. CONCLUSIONS Patients who have HMEs are more likely to receive cancer screening; however, a computer-based system for preventive services can contribute to improvement in screening. Among those patients who did not have an HME, TSCS users had higher rates of breast cancer screening than nonusers.
Running head : UNCONSCIOUS TASK SET PRIMING 1 Unconscious Task Set Priming With Phonological and Semantic Tasks Author names and affiliations

Whether unconscious stimuli can modulate the preparation of a cognitive task is still controversial. Using a backward masking paradigm, we investigated whether the modulation could be observed even if the prime was made unconscious in 100% of the trials. In two behavioral experiments, subjects were instructed to initiate a phonological or semantic task on an upcoming word, following an explicit instruction and an unconscious prime. When the SOA between prime and instruction was sufficiently long (84 ms), primes congruent with the task set instruction led to speedier responses than incongruent primes. In the other condition (36 ms), no task set priming was observed. Repetition priming had the opposite tendency, suggesting the observed task set facilitation cannot be ascribed solely to perceptual repetition priming. Our results therefore confirm that unconscious information can modulate cognitive control for currently active task sets, providing sufficient time is available before the conscious decision.
Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria at Delivery: Comparison of Blood Film Preparation Methods and of Blood Films with Histology

ABSTRACT We compared peripheral and placental blood films (made by different techniques) with placental histology for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy. Samples from 464 women were examined, of whom 124 (26.7%) had active P. falciparum infection and 148 (31.9%) had past infection. Placental histology was more sensitive (91%) than peripheral blood film (47%) or placental blood film (63%) examination and also detected past infection. Few women had microscopically detectable infection without a positive histology. Infection detected by histology only and past infection were both associated with significantly lower infant birth weight and with lower hemoglobin concentrations compared to the results for uninfected women. Thick blood films were prepared with blood obtained by placental incision or scraping of the incision margin (263 samples) or by washing of placental tissue (235 samples). Each gave similar sensitivities (76 to 78%), specificities (98 to 99%), positive predictive values (92 to 98%), and negative predictive values (93 to 94%); but the median levels of parasitemia were lower for incision samples (840 parasites/μl) than scrapings (2,295 parasites/μl) (P = 0.02). Placental histology is the most sensitive method for the diagnosis of malaria in pregnancy. Methods for preparation of placental films may affect the density, but not the prevalence, of P. falciparum infection detected.
Novel approaches to allogeneic stem cell therapy

Traditionally, allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) has involved administration of myeloablative doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation that may cure many patients with haematologic diseases. The high morbidity and mortality associated with the intensive conditioning regimen limits allogeneic SCT to younger and healthier patients. However, it is now known that successful allogeneic SCT is dependent, at least in part, on the antitumour properties of the donor graft independent of the conditioning regimen. This potent ‘graft versus tumour’ (GVT) effect can now be exploited for clinical benefit. The best evidence of a direct GVT reaction comes from the use of donor leukocyte infusions (DLI). For many patients with relapsed leukaemia after allogeneic SCT, DLI re-establishes complete and durable remissions. This has suggested a novel approach to allogeneic cell therapy (ACT) using non-myeloablative, but immunosuppressive conditioning regimens to permit engraftment of allogeneic stem cells and lymphocytes. Engrafted donor cells would then provide GVT activity in the setting of reduced conditioning regimen toxicity. The ability to minimise toxicity and maximise the immunologic GVT effect will make allogeneic transplantation applicable to patients typically ineligible for conventional allogeneic SCT. Response rates with this strategy have been impressive, although toxicity related to graft versus host disease (GVHD) and other complications remains a concern. Current trials have involved heterogeneous groups of patients using various conditioning regimens. Many issues remain unsettled, including identification of the most appropriate tumour targets and definition of the most effective, least toxic conditioning regimen. In addition, the durability of response is unknown. Nevertheless, the use of non-myeloablative conditioning and ACT may provide a new paradigm for allogeneic cell transplantation and the immunotherapy of cancer.
Banking Sector Reform and Interest Rates in Transition Economies: Bank-Level Evidence from Kyrgyzstan

We examine the impact of banking sector reforms on interest rates using bank-level data from Kyrgyzstan for 1998-2005. We find that increased confidence in the banking sector has contributed significantly to lowering interest rate levels, while the impact of lower intermediation costs, credit risk, and capital costs are negligible. Our results further suggest that the liberalization of the Kyrgyz financial sector has reduced both deposit and lending rates. Finally, we find that despite considerable restructuring, the Kyrgyz banking sector has not become more competitive. As a consequence, banks' interest rates have not fully responded to lower market rates following macroeconomic stabilization.
Population‐based analysis of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma: Changing trends of histopathologic differentiation, survival and patient demographics

To examine demographic, histologic, and survival trends of oral cavity and oropharyngeal (OC/OP) squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) patients over the past 3 decades. To test the hypothesis that decreased histologic differentiation and increased disease‐specific survival is related to a decline in smoking rates and an increased percentage of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related tumors.
Pseudo Knowledge Sharing: The Influence of Trust and Guanxi Orientation

Despite the fact that knowledge sharing has been deemed as a competitive advantage and business sustainability tools for organizations, however many researcher has underpinned the deleterious impact knowledge sharing can bring forth to an organization performance. To date, it is found that minimal empirical research has been devoted to the dark side of knowledge sharing activities. Thus, this present study aims to extend this aspect specifically on pseudo knowledge sharing (PKS). The present study was setup to investigate the influence of trust (both cognitive and affective based trust in colleagues), and Guanxi orientation (GXO) towards PKS. A survey was adopted to examine on the developed research framework of this present study. The survey is completed by 264 employees from 32 multimedia super corridor (MSC) status companies within Klang Valley. MSC status organizations are given to firms that have strong focus on information communication technology (ICT) in producing or delivering its product or services. Regression analysis was used to examine the research framework. The correlation analysis reveals that there is significant negative relationship for both affective and cognitive based trust on PKS. In the same analysis, GXO also posited a significant negative impact towards PKS.
THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS Altered fi brinolysis in autosomal dominant thrombomodulin-associated coagulopathy

School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research BioResource – Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom