Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern of stroke in type 2 diabetic subjects versus non diabetic subjects.

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a well-recognized risk factor for ischaemic stroke. Stroke in diabetic patients is different from stroke in non-diabetics from several perspectives. There is no local study on this topic. This is the first study from Pakistan, in which pattern of stroke in diabetics have been described and compared with non-diabetics. The object of this study was to compare pattern of stroke in diabetic subjects with non-diabetics. METHODS This is a prospective comparative cross sectional study, carried out at Liaquat national hospital, Karachi, neurology department from October to March 2006. Fifty patients were enrolled in diabetic group and 50 in non-diabetic. Clinical features, risk factors and stroke patterns were identified. RESULTS Mean age was 59.5 (+/- 11.82) in diabetics and 60.4 (+/- 14.8) in non diabetics. There was slight preponderance of male patients in non diabetic group. Out of 50 diabetic patients, 44 (88.0%) had ischaemic stroke and 6 (12.0%) had intracerebral haemorrhage. In non-diabetics, 29 (58.0%) had ischaemic stroke while 21 (42.0%) had intracerebral haemorrhage. On further analysis of ischaemic stroke, cortical infarcts (CI) was found in 22, sub cortical infarcts (SCI) in 14, brainstem in 5 and cerebellar in 2 diabetic patients. CI was also the commonest subtype of ischaemic stroke in nondiabetics. CONCLUSION Patterns of stroke in diabetics are different from non-diabetics. Ischaemic stroke is more prevalent than hemorrhagic strokein diabetics. Sub cortical infarcts are more common in diabetics than non diabetics (p = 0.04).
The Reliability of Functional Movement Screening and In-Season Changes in Physical Function and Performance Among Elite Rugby League Players

Abstract Waldron, M, Gray, A, Worsfold, P, and Twist, C. The reliability of functional movement screening and in-season changes in physical function and performance among elite rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res 30(4): 910–918, 2016—This study aimed to (a) assess the reliability of the functional movement screening (FMS) protocol and (b) to establish changes in both FMS and tests of physical performance throughout a season. The reliability of the FMS components (12 in total) was assessed through a nonparametric statistical approach, based on 2 trials, separated by 1 week. Score on the FMS, strength (3 repetition maximum full squat, 1 repetition maximum [1 RM] bench press), running speed (10 and 40 m), and jump height of 12 elite male under-19 rugby league players was monitored at pre-, mid-, and late-season periods. There was no bias (p > 0.05) found between trials for the FMS, with the majority of components reaching 100% “perfect agreement,” reflecting the good reliability of the FMS tool. There were no effects (p > 0.05) of season stage on any of the FMS components; however, an improvement (p ⩽ 0.05) between the pre- and both mid- and late-season periods was apparent in every component of fitness, such as 1 RM bench press (112.92 ± 24.54 kg; 125.83 ± 21.41 kg; 125.98 ± 24.48 kg) and 40-m sprint time (5.69 ± 0.35 seconds; 5.62 ± 0.31 seconds; 5.64 ± 0.27 seconds). Our findings demonstrate that the FMS can be reliably administered to elite rugby league players but will not change in accordance with physical performance across a competitive season. Our findings should not necessarily deter practitioners from using the FMS but begin to question the specific qualities that are being assessed through its administration.
High prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and inadequate case finding in rural western Kenya.

RATIONALE Limited information exists on the prevalence of tuberculosis and adequacy of case finding in African populations with high rates of HIV. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the fraction attributable to HIV, and to evaluate case detection. METHODS Residents aged 15 years and older, from 40 randomly sampled clusters, provided two sputum samples for microscopy; those with chest radiograph abnormalities or symptoms suggestive of PTB provided one additional sputum sample for culture. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS PTB was defined by a culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis or two positive smears. Persons with PTB were offered HIV testing and interviewed on care-seeking behavior. We estimated the population-attributable fraction of HIV on prevalent and notified PTB, the patient diagnostic rate, and case detection rate using provincial TB notification data. Among 20,566 participants, 123 had PTB. TB prevalence was 6.0/1,000 (95% confidence interval, 4.6-7.4) for all PTB and 2.5/1,000 (1.6-3.4) for smear-positive PTB. Of 101 prevalent TB cases tested, 52 (51%) were HIV infected, and 58 (64%) of 91 cases who were not on treatment and were interviewed had not sought care. Forty-eight percent of prevalent and 65% of notified PTB cases were attributable to HIV. For smear-positive and smear-negative PTB combined, the patient diagnostic rate was 1.4 cases detected per person-year among HIV-infected persons having PTB and 0.6 for those who were HIV uninfected, corresponding to case detection rates of 56 and 65%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Undiagnosed PTB is common in this community. TB case finding needs improvement, for instance through intensified case finding with mobile smear microscopy services, rigorous HIV testing, and improved diagnosis of smear-negative TB.
Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Politik İstikrarın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi

Bu calismada, Politik Makroekonomi literaturunden hareketle, gelismekte olan ulkelerde politik istikrarin ekonomik buyume uzerine olan etkisi, konu ile ilgili tartismalarin nispeten daha yogun tartisildigi 1986 ile 2003 arasi doneme ait veri seti kullanilarak incelenmektedir. Panel veri analizi yapilan bu sorgulamada, konu ile ilgili literaturde siklikla elde edilen ekonomik buyume ve makroekonomik performans uzerinde politik istikrarin pozitif rol oynadigi sonucu teyit edilmistir. Panel veri analizinden elde edilen diger bir bulgu ise veri seti icerisinde yer alan 19 gelismekte olan ulke temelinde, tahmin edilen ulke etki katsayilarinin cogu Asya ulkeleri icin genellikle pozitif, buna karsilik Latin Amerika ulkeleri icin negatif bulunmasidir.
A genetic analysis of DNA sequence requirements for Dissociation state I activity in tobacco.

Our objective was to test whether the double Ds structure correlated with Dissociation state I activity (i.e., high frequency of chromosome breakage and low frequency of reversion) in maize exhibited similar properties in tobacco. A genetic assay was established to test double Ds and related structures for their ability to cause loss of the linked marker genes streptomycin phosphotransferase and beta-glucuronidase in transgenic tobacco. An engineered double Ds element and a simple Ds element showed behavior consistent with that of state I and state II Ds elements, respectively, as described for maize. DNA structural rearrangements accompanied marker gene loss. Dissection of the double Ds structure showed that a left end and a right end of Ds in direct orientation were sufficient for the instability observed. This result suggested that left and right ends of Ds in direct orientation can participate in aberrant transposition events, consistent with two different models for double Ds-induced chromosome breakage proposed previously. Both models predict that the inversion of a half Ds element accompanies the aberrant transposition event. Such an inversion was detected by polymerase chain reaction experiments in tobacco and maize only when Activator activity was present in the genome.
The Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circulus Arteriosus Cerebri)

Background: Many studies have investigated the variations in the anatomy of each segment of the cerebral arterial circle while a few have addressed the variations of the cerebral arterial circle as a whole. Methods: Thirty brains of recently deceased Iranian infants and fetuses were dissected. The dissection process was filmed and digitized so as to be readily available for further studies. The variations of the circle as a whole and segmental variations were evaluated. Results: Variants with uni- and bilateral hypoplasia of posterior communicating arteries (PcoAs) were the most common in our study, similar to previous works. No aplasia of the precommunicating part of the anterior cerebral artery (A1), the precommunicating part of the posterior cerebral artery (P1) and anterior communicating artery was seen. Hypoplasia of the right and left PcoA was observed in 8 and 5 cases, respectively. Aplasia of the right PcoA was found in 16.6% and of the left PcoA in 3.3%. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed the previously described finding that the symmetrical, circular configuration of the circulus arteriosus cerebri is present in only about 42.1%. The main differences between the fetal and adult disposition are the diameter of the PcoA and the circular part of the posterior cerebral artery. According to previous studies, the fetal brain older than 4 months has anatomical characteristics very similar to the adult’s circle; our finding was mostly similar to adult samples as most samples were from infants, not fetuses.
Clinical significance of the quantitative assessment of estrogen receptors in advanced breast cancer

The predictive value of the estrogen receptor (ER) assay with regard to the response to hormonal treatment was analyzed in women with advanced breast carcinoma. The significance of ten clinical variables of putative prognostic value was also investigated. A total of 49 courses of endocrine therapy were available for study. The respective merits of using the receptor information as a qualitative or a quantitative variable were compared. Linear logistic regression analysis showed that the quantitative information was significantly related to the therapeutic response (P < 0.0001) and proved to be superior to the qualitative information. Compared with the clinical variables tested with the logistic model, receptor concentration was by far the most important single predictor of response. Nevertheless, introduction of two of these clinical variables (i.e., age and menopausal status) into the model in addition to receptor concentration improved its predictive value. Presented in graphic form, the improved model provides a simple means to estimate the probability that a given patient will respond to endocrine therapy.
Day-to-day variability of post-concussion-like symptoms reported over time by a non-concussed cohort

Abstract Primary objective: To explore the change (trend) in post-concussion-like symptoms reported over time. Research design: Longitudinal study. Methods and procedures: University students aged 18–30 years self-reported their symptoms experienced on a daily basis. Each participant was contacted via a text message each day during one of three pre-defined time zones to complete the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2) post-concussion symptom scale on 7 consecutive days. Main outcomes and results: One hundred and ten (26 males and 84 females) students completed the study on all 7 days. Only two meaningful clusters emerged and comprised of a total of 105 participants. The primary cluster included 85 participants who showed a relatively stable pattern in their symptoms reported over time. Meanwhile, a second cluster comprised of 20 participants who demonstrated a decreasing trend in the reported symptom scores. Conclusions: The data indicated that non-concussed participants exhibited considerable individual variability in the symptom scores reported over time. However, some participants showed a systematic decreasing trend in their symptom scores reported over the 7 days. Caution must be exercised in interpreting the serial symptom scores that are obtained following a concussion, given that this study was conducted in a non-concussed cohort.
Increasing Payments in Crowdsourcing: Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth!

A commonly cited maxim states that “you get what you pay for” , implying that there is a strong correlation between the price paid for something, and its quality. In this paper, we examine whether this often-cited wisdom applies to using crowd-sourcing for conducting subjective QoE experiments, and if so, how. As part of a large-scale user study designed to assess Web QoE, we conducted two crowdsourced campaigns to collect user ratings and study the inﬂuence of certain website de-sign parameters related to typography and color on the overall visual appeal of the site. While the test content was exactly the same across both campaigns, the second campaign was set up to pay participants three times the reward of the ﬁrst one. The goal was to analyze the impact of payment on a number of parameters, including the ratio of reliable users and obtained MOS values. With respect to QoE modeling, we found that while payment levels inﬂuenced absolute MOS values, there was no signiﬁcant impact on the actual model.
Dementia and suicidal behavior: a review of the literature

ABSTRACT Background: While dementia is more common in older people and suicide rates in many countries are higher among the elderly, there is some doubt about the association between these two phenomena. Methods: A search of the major relevant databases was carried out to examine the evidence for this possible association. Results: The association between dementia and suicide and also non-fatal self-harm did not appear strong but many studies have significant methodological limitations and there are few studies of suicide or self-harm in vascular, frontotemporal, Lewy body and HIV dementia where such behavior might be expected to be more common. Rates of self-harm may be increased in mild dementia and are higher before than after predictive testing for Huntington's disease. Overall, the risk of suicide in dementia appears to be the same or less than that of the age-matched general population but is increased soon after diagnosis, in patients diagnosed with dementia during hospitalization and in Huntington's disease. Putative risk factors for suicide in dementia include depression, hopelessness, mild cognitive impairment, preserved insight, younger age and failure to respond to anti-dementia drugs. Large, good quality prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. Conclusions: Further research should be undertaken to examine how rates of suicide and self-harm change during the course of the illness and vary according to the specific sub-type of dementia.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediates the nitric oxide component of reflex cutaneous vasodilatation during dynamic exercise in humans

Increases in skin blood flow and sweating also occur during exercise; however, it is not known if the mechanisms controlling these responses are the same during passive heat stress and exercise. The prevailing thought has been that mechanisms of cutaneous vasodilatation during passive heat stress and sustained dynamic exercise are the same, or very similar. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be important for increasing skin blood flow during passive heat stress but it is unknown if this molecule is also involved during sustained dynamic exercise. The findings from our study suggest NO is involved in increasing skin blood flow during sustained dynamic exercise in humans but the NO is produced from a different enzyme compared to passive heat stress. These findings may help us better understand and aid individuals who have difficulty regulating their body temperature during sustained dynamic exercise (e.g. ageing).
Maximal oxygen uptake of agricultural men and women in India.

The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) of 228 men and 47 women from the Indian agricultural community was measured. The VO2 max in 20-24-year-old men was about 17% less than in the 25-29-year-old group. With advancing age, the VO2 declined gradually to the ages 55-59, excepting the 36-39-year-old group. The loss in VO2 max was 0.65 ml/kg.min per year between 25 and 39 years of age and 0.16 ml/kg.min per year between 40 and 59 years of age. However, 30-39-year-old women had 7% higher VO2 max than the 20-29-year-old age group; and the difference in VO2 max between the group 30-39 and the group 40-49 years of age was 32%. The 20-29-and 40-49-year-old women had VO2 max 24 and 30% less than those of men in the same age range.
Island biogeography of Caribbean coral reef fish

Aim The goal of our study was to test fundamental predictions of biogeographical theories in tropical reef fish assemblages, in particular relationships between fish species richness and island area, isolation and oceanographic variables (temperature and productivity) in the insular Caribbean. These analyses complement an analogous and more voluminous body of work from the tropical Indo-Pacific. The Caribbean is more limited in area with smaller inter-island distances than the Indo-Pacific, providing a unique context to consider fundamental processes likely to affect richness patterns of reef fish.
Improving the Scavenged Power of Nonlinear Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface at Off-Resonance by Introducing Switching Delay

This paper presents two interface circuit designs that improve the piezoelectric energy harvesting performance at offresonance. Complex impedance matching at different frequencies is achieved by introducing delay into the conventional switching methods. The proposed techniques can also be used in other applications, such as electromagnetic energy harvesting. The system is analyzed using equivalent impedance at fundamental of operating frequency. Design considerations such as two possible modes of operation, sensitivity to voltage and timing errors, loss due to nonlinear operations, and conduction loss of switches are detailed. As compared with the conventional methods, analytical results show that, with the electromechanical coupling coefficient k2e of 0.076 and the mechanical damping ratio ζm of 0.02, the proposed techniques can improve the 3-dB bandwidth by 76% with a flipping quality factor of 10. Experimental results with a commercially available piezoelectric device show a 23% improvement in 3-dB bandwidth and a 66% improvement in extracted power with 5% of frequency mismatch.
Labelling Improves False Belief Understanding. A Training Study

Abstract A total of 104 children aged between 41 and 47 months were selected to study the relationship between language and false belief understanding. Participants were assigned to four different training conditions: discourse, labelling, control (all with deceptive objects), and sentential complements (involving non-deceptive objects). Post-test results showed an improvement in children’s false belief understanding in the discourse and the labelling conditions, but not in the sentential complements with non-deceptive objects or the control group. Furthermore, the most remarkable improvement in false belief understanding occurred in the labelling group. These results suggest that some types of linguistic experience promote the development of false belief understanding, provided that differing perspectives are confronted.
clinical investigations in critical care-Cardiorespiratory Effects of Pressure Controlled Ventilation in Severe Respiratory Failure *

Cardiorespiratory values were measured in ten patients with severe respiratory failure on volume controlled and pressure controlled ventilation. Tidal volume, respiratory rate, PEEP, auto-PEEP, inspiratory:expiratory ratio (1:2) and F1o2 were maintained at the same value for both ventilatory modalities. Changing from VCV to PCV was associated with significant improvements in Pa02, oxygen delivery, and tissue oxygen consumption. Peak inspiratory pressure fell. There were no significant changes in other cardiorespiratory values, such as arterial blood pressure, nor in ventilatoi-y measurements, such as mean airway pressure, associated with the use of PCV. These results suggest that PCV may be a beneficial ventilatory modality in the treatment of severe respiratory failure since it results in improvement in arterial oxygenation, tissue oxygen delivery and utilization without any concomitant adverse effects on other hemodynamic or ventilatory factors. (Chest 1990; 98:1445-49)
[The relationship between human serum resistin level and body fat content, plasma glucose as well as blood pressure].

OBJECTIVE To investigate serum resistin concentration in essential hypertension patients and the relationship between serum resistin level and body fat content, plasma glucose concentration, and blood pressure. METHODS Fasting serum resistin concentrations were measured with enzyme immunoassay in 71 cases (including 33 men and 38 women), and oral glucose tolerance test and insulin release test were performed in all cases for calculating glucose area under the curve (AUC(G)), the ratio of change in insulin to change in glucose during the first 30 min after glucose ingestion (Delta I(30)/Delta G(30)) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) according to Cederholm's formula. Systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), height, body weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS Pearson analysis showed that fasting serum resistin concentrations were correlated with AUC(G) (r = 0.380, P < 0.001), BF% (r = 0.353, P < 0.01), ISI (r = -0.242, P < 0.05) and Delta I(30)/Delta G(30) (r = -0.298, P < 0.05), but not correlated with SBP, DBP, BMI and WHR. After adjustment for age and BMI, partial correlation analysis showed that fasting serum resistin concentrations were correlated with AUC(G) (r = 0.268, P < 0.05), Delta I(30)/Delta G(30) (r = -0.247, P < 0.05) and not correlated with ISI. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that resisitin was a significant independent predictor of AUC(G). CONCLUSION The strong correlation between fasting serum resistin levels and AUC(G), and BF% suggests a possibility that resistin link obesity to diabetes in humans.
Stable Isotopes in a Mollusk Shell: Detection of Upwelling Events

The California mussel Mytilus californianus records with high fidelity annual temperature variations of nearshore waters in the oxygen isotope composition of its shell. The onset and termination of upwelling events (and metabolic activity) are recorded in the associated carbon isotope signal, and the magnitude and timing of upwelling can be estimated. The method has implications for studying the history of upwelling and the life history of living and fossil mollusks and for analyzing shell midden deposits.
SOCIOCULTURAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL INFLUENCES ON BODY DISSATISFACTION AND DISORDERED EATING ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUS OF ASIAN WOMEN

This study is an examination of the influence of sociocultural and developmental factors on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in two Asian populations: 298 Taiwanese-American (TA) women undergoing acculturating changes and 347 Taiwanese (T) women undergoing modernizing changes. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, body dissatisfaction rates and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors were found to be significantly higher in the T group. Subjects in the T group had higher Taiwanese ethnic identity scores but also lower perceptions of maternal control. Body dissatisfaction was found to be a moderating variable between ethnic identity and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors for the TA group only. The “girl next door” hypothesis, based on the social comparison theory, was set forth to help explain why this result was found only in the TA group. In the T group, ethnic identity and body dissatisfaction were independently associated with disordered eating. Results failed to support a link between parental control and the development of an eating disorder, and implications from a cross-cultural perspective are addressed.