Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P2P SIP over mobile ad hoc networks

This work presents a novel Peer to Peer (P2P) framework for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) on Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). SIP is a client-server model of computing which can introduce a single point of failure problem. P2P SIP addresses this problem by using a distributed implementation based on a P2P paradigm. However, both the traditional SIP and P2P SIP architectures are not suitable for MANETs because they are initially designed for infrastructured networks whose most nodes are static. We focus on distributed P2P resource lookup mechanisms for SIP which can tolerate failures resulting from the node mobility. Our target application is SIP-based multimedia communication in a rapidly deployable disaster emergency network. To achieve our goal, we provide four contributions as follows. The first contribution is a novel P2P lookup architecture based on a concept of P2P overlay network called a Structured Mesh Overlay Network (SMON). This overlay network enables P2P applications to perform fast resource lookups in the MANET environment. SMON utilizes a cross layer design based on the Distributed Hashing Table (DHT) and has direct access to OLSR routing information. Its cross layer design allows optimizing the overlay network performance during the change of network topology. The second contribution is a distributed SIP architecture on MANET providing SIP user location discovery in a P2P manner which tolerates single-point and multiple-point of failures. Our approach extends the traditional SIP user location discovery by utilizing DHT in SMON to distribute SIP object identifiers over SMON. It offers a constant time on SIP user discovery which results in a fast call setup time between two MANET users. From simulation and experiment results, we find that SIPMON provides the lowest call setup delay when compared to the existing broadcast-based approaches. The third contribution is an extended SIPMON supporting several participating MANETs connected to Internet. This extension (SIPMON+) provides seamless mobility support allowing a SIP user to roam from an ad hoc network to an infrastructured network such as Internet without interrupting an ongoing session. We propose a novel OLSR Overlay Network (OON), a single overlay network containing MANET nodes and some nodes on the Internet. These nodes can communicate using the same OLSR routing protocol. Therefore, SIPMON can be automatically extended without modifying SIPMON internal operations. Through our test-bed experiments, we prove that SIPMON+ has better performance in terms of call setup delay and handoff delay than MANET for Network Mobility (MANEMO). The fourth contribution is a proof-of-concept and a prototype of P2P multimedia communication based on SIPMON+ for post disaster recovery missions. We evaluate our prototype and MANEMO-based approaches through experimentation in real disaster situations (Vehicle to Infrastructure scenarios). We found that our prototype outperforms MANEMO-based approaches in terms of call setup delay, packet loss, and deployment time.
Cuidados consigo mesma, sexualidade e erotismo na Província de Tete, Moçambique

Este artigo analisa as nocoes de estetica e erotismo, e como estas moldam a maneira de as mulheres na provincia de Tete, em Mocambique, prepararem seu corpo. Grupos focais e entrevistas individuais permitiram constatar que as mulheres utilizam diferentes produtos naturais e sinteticos, tradicionais e modernos, por insercao na vagina ou por ingestao, para modificar a maneira de sentir seu corpo e se preparar para o ato sexual. Em adicao, a maioria das mulheres alonga os labia minora (pequenos labios vaginais) desde a infância, modificando seu corpo de acordo com criterios esteticos, nocoes de feminilidade e de prazer sexual. Essas intervencoes se inserem num processo de socializacao cuja educacao integra componentes de estetica, sexualidade, reproducao e sobre a vida em geral. O artigo procura mostrar a importância das metaforas e das nocoes de fechado/aberto, seco/umido, quente/frio, pesado/leve, vida/morte, riqueza/pobreza, doce/nao-doce como simbolismo de genero ligado ao erotismo, a reproducao e a concepcoes esteticas.
Probing knowledge of similarity through puns

This paper outlines the aims, results and future prospects of a general research program which investigates knowledge of similarity through the investigation of Japanese imperfect puns (dajare). I argue that speakers attempt to maximize the similarity between corresponding segments in composing puns, just as in phonology where speakers maximize the similarity between, for example, inputs and outputs. In this sense, we find non-trivial parallels between phonology and pun patterns. I further argue that we can take advantage of these parallels, and use puns to investigate our linguistic knowledge of similarity. To develop these arguments, I start with an overview of the results of some recent projects, and follow that with patterns that provide interesting lines of future research. I hope that this paper stimulates further research in this area, which is much understudied in the linguistic literature. Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Donca Steriade, whose colloquium talk at UMass, Amherst (Steriade, 2002) has inspired this general project. I would also like to thank the audiences at Sophia University (July 19th, 2008) and the Conference on Language, Communication & Cognition (LCC) at University of Brighton (Aug 4th, 2008). Kazuko Shinohara is a principle co-investigator of this general project. Section 2 is based on Kawahara & Shinohara (2009). The first experiment in section 3 builds on a BA thesis research by Nobuhiro Yoshida and was presented at LCC. I am grateful to Yuuya Takahashi for his technical assistance, as well as to Kazu Kurisu, Kazuko Shinohara, Takahito Shinya, Kyoko Yamaguchi, and Betsy Wang for comments on earlier versions of this draft. Some of the results reported below are preliminary—those who are interested in taking up any of the projects outlined below should feel free to contact the author at kawahara@rci.rutgers. edu.
Rating the severity of delirium: The delirium assessment scale

Explicit operational definitions of the DSM‐3 criteria for delirium have recently been published. In this study, the reliability of the Delirium Assessment Scale (DAS), which uses the operationalized criteria to determine the severity of delirium symptoms, was examined. Three independent assessors examined four groups of patients —patients with delirium, patients with delirium and dementia, patients with dementia alone and patients without cognitive impairment. Sensitivity (83–88%) and specificity (79–88%) of the operationalized definitions for the diagnosis of delirium were high. Satisfactory interrater agreement was obtained for all individual symptoms of the DAS (kappa = 0.66–0.99). These results suggest that the DAS may be suitable for monitoring the severity of delirium; prospective studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
Requirements for a security architecture for clustered ad-hoc networks

A macro phase detector responds to large phase deviation between a locally generated signal and a reference signal for actuating a successive frequency approximation register to effect major count alteration in a counter for controlling a digital-to-analog converter and, in turn, a voltage controlled oscillator. Small phase error is detected by a phase detector, averaged, and employed to alter the count in the counter for introducing sensitive frequency adjustment. A second counter is clocked by the phase detector at one half the rate of the first counter and is used to update the first counter each time the phase difference reverses polarity. Loss of reference signal activates a detector for freezing the count in the counter to maintain frequency and phase within the accuracy of the controlled oscillator.
Theory and art of semantics-directed program execution monitoring

A program execution monitor is a system that monitors the run-time behavior of a program. Examples include profilers, tracers, and debuggers. Monitors are an important element in any software development environment. However, despite their ubiquity, formal and general treatments of program execution monitoring are rare. This thesis introduces monitoring semantics--a formal model of program execution monitors. Using the framework of continuation semantics, one can specify the behavior of a large family of program execution monitors. The resulting specification can then be automatically combined with the standard semantics to yield a composite semantics that is formally consistent with respect to the standard semantics. Beyond its theoretical interest, monitoring semantics provides a basis for implementing a large family of source-level monitoring activities for any language for which a continuation semantics is available. To demonstrate the generality and effectiveness of this approach, we use our methodology to automatically synthesize debugging behaviors with standard interpreters. The enhanced interpreters are guaranteed to be consistent with the standard interpretation. This solves the consistency problem that still persists in many debugging methodologies for strict and especially non-strict programming languages. We present the synthesis of correct profilers, tracers and, most importantly, interactive source-level debuggers for strict and non-strict functional programming languages and compare their specifications. Finally, using standard partial evaluation techniques as an optimization strategy, monitoring semantics forms a practical basis for building actual monitors. Our system can be optimized in two levels of specialization: specializing the interpreter with respect to a monitor specification automatically yields an instrumented interpreter; further specializing this instrumented interpreter with respect to a source program yields an instrumented program, i.e., one in which the extra code to perform monitoring has been automatically embedded into the program. All these ideas add up to a complete methodology for specifying, implementing and reasoning about a large family of program execution monitors for sequential deterministic programming languages.
Evaluating the performance of MPI-2 one-sided routines on a Cray SV1

The primary purpose of this technical report was to evaluate the performance of the MPI-2 one-sided routines mpi get and mpi put on the Cray SV1. This was accomplished by rst writing the broadcast operation in three diierent ways using mpi get, mpi put and then comparing their performance with the MPI-1 broadcast collective routine, mpi bcast. One of these three ways, test 3, performs the broadcast operation with each non-root processes calling mpi get. Test results show that test 3 performed signiicantly better than mpi bcast. This report also compares the performance of the MPI-2 one-sided routine mpi accumulate with mpi reduce. The performance results were mixed, sometime mpi accumulate performs better than mpi reduce and sometime, mpi reduce performs better than mpi accumulate.
Using a Computer-adaptive Test Simulation to Investigate Test Coordinators' Perceptions of a High-stakes Computer-based Testing Program

USING A COMPUTER-ADAPTIVE TEST SIMULATION TO INVESTIGATE TEST COORDINATORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF A HIGH-STAKES COMPUTER-BASED TESTING PROGRAM by Tiffany E. Hogan This case study examined the efficiency and precision of computer classification and adaptive testing to elicit responses from test coordinators on implementing highstakes computer-based testing. Test coordinators from five elementary schools located in a Georgia school district participated in the study. The school district administered statemade, high-stakes tests using paper and pencil; locally-developed tests via the computer or paper and pencil. A post-hoc simulation program, Comprehensive Simulation of Computerized Adaptive Testing, used 586 student item responses to produce results with a variable termination point and a classification termination point. Results from the simulation were analyzed and used in the case study to elicit interview responses from test coordinators. The photographs of computer-labs and test schedule documents were collected and analyzed to validate school test coordinators’ responses. Test coordinators responded positively to the efficiency and precision of simulation results. Some test coordinators preferred the use of computer-adaptive tests for diagnostic purposes only. Test coordinators’ experiences focused on the security, the emotions, and the management of testing. The findings of this study will benefit those interested in implementing a high-stakes, computer-based testing program by recommending a simulation study be conducted and feedback be solicited from test coordinators prior to an operational test administration. USING A COMPUTER-ADAPTIVE TEST SIMULATION TO INVESTIGATE TEST COORDINATORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF A HIGH-STAKES COMPUTER-BASED TESTING PROGRAM by Tiffany E. Hogan
Plagiarism prevention or detection? The contribution of text-matching software to education about academic integrity

Developing an understanding of academic integrity within students is one of the core objectives of many Academic Language and Learning (ALL) advisers, and the perceived rise of plagiarism suggests that this will continue to demand our attention. A recently available tool to assist advisers in this role is text-matching software (TMS). Routinely promoted on the basis of its capabilities for “plagiarism detection”, TMS also offers students educative opportunities which appropriately are web-based, given the increasing “web-dependency” of students. This paper examines how TMS can contribute to the role ALL advisers play in developing students’ understanding of academic integrity. Students from across one university were invited to submit their assignments to a TMS program called SafeAssignment™, offered as part of the university’s academic integrity policy. Text-matching reports generated from 21 students were analysed to identify the extent and nature of identifiable plagiarism, and how the software communicated this to students. Overall percentages of text-matching were low, with many students’ texts matching purely on information that was bibliographical, appropriately quoted, generic or technical. However, the quantitative information reported to the students by the software offered less assistance in determining if plagiarism had occurred than the more detailed information to be found in careful interpretation of the text-matching reports. A guide is presented for ALL advisers involved with interpreting reports with students.
Evaluation of a Persistent Store for OpenEHR

A logical database model for openEHR was developed to attest to the feasibility of whether openEHR's architecture is practical for an operational information system. A variant of the Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV) modelling technique and entity relationship diagrams (ERDs) are used to design the generic data structures. It was found that the generic nature of openEHR's technical architecture provided a good basis for factoring interoperability and life long health records. However, this comes at a cost as there is a significant performance tax on data insertion, validation, retrieval and querying. Furthermore, it was found that the role of standardisation in the EHR community is a vital factor in determining the success of these systems' ideal capabilities.
Domain-independent scientific function finding

Programs such as Bacon, Abacus, Coper, Kepler and others are designed to find functional relationships of scientific significance in quantitative data without relying on the deep domain knowledge scientists normally bring to bear in analytic work. Whether these systems actually perform as intended is an open question, however. To date, they have been supported only by anecdotal evidence--reports that a desirable answer has been found in one or more selected and often artificial cases. In this dissertation, I thus attempt to develop, not only new approaches to domain-independent scientific function finding, but, equally, a rigorous methodology under which research into such methods can be conducted. A fundamental problem with previous work is that it has investigated scientific data analysis in the abstract--without referring to actual scientific data. By contrast, the work reported here is founded on a collection of 352 real scientific data sets. This empirical base supports a number of strong conclusions. First, while researchers working with artificial data have targeted complex multivariate relations, real data provides powerful evidence that even the simplest bivariate relationships are difficult to identify reliably. Second, despite its ubiquitous presence in previous work, the notion of heuristic search of a potentially explosive space of formulas appears to help very little with the problem of reliably identifying basic bivariate relationships. Instead, third, substantial performance improvement results from viewing function finding as a decision problem, the problem of classifying data sets reliably within a fixed--and quite limited--system of functional categories. This dissertation presents what I believe to be the strongest domain-independent scientific function-finding algorithm currently in existence and, certainly, the only one which has been rigorously demonstrated. At the same time, it suggests fundamental limitations in the power of such algorithms. Through an extensive empirical case study and critical analysis of previous work, I arrive at a very different view of function finding than the one which has dominated work in this area for more than a decade. This new view narrows our focus of attention significantly while broadening the potential for productive research.
Associating graphical objects with release year of music

The current generation of portable music players and music-oriented mobile phones enables storing of thousands of songs. Common ways to access songs include list- and tree-based user interfaces, random or shuffle play modes, and (smart) playlists. As each of these approaches has its own limitations, an attractive alternative for accessing the songs is interactive visualization that facilitates browsing, organizing the music collection, and selecting what kind of music to listen to. The purpose of the visualization is to replace or complement the traditional UI with a dynamic, adaptive, and interactive image that is based on one or more attributes of the songs. For example, the user could click on a blurred black object to start the playback of old heavy metal from his music collection, or clicking a sharp yellow object would start the playback of new reggae music. To design the visualizations, the authors have arranged several online questionnaires on how people map graphical properties to musical properties. This paper presents the results of one of the questionnaires, focusing on mapping the release year of music to various visual features such as lightness, location, color, and shape.
An Experimental Validation of the ADORA Language

ADORA (Analysis and Description of Requirements and Architecture) is an approach to object oriented modeling that is based on object modeling and hierarchical decomposition, using an integrated model. The ADORA language is intended to be used for requirements specifications and high-level, logical views of software architectures. In order to assess the comprehensibility and the appeal of specifications written in ADORA we conducted a controlled experiment with students. We wrote two specifications of the same problem in ADORA and in UML and let the students study them. Then we tested the students'' comprehension by asking questions about the contents of the specification and tested how they liked ADORA in comparison to UML by asking questions about personal preferences. In this report we describe the experiment and report the results.
Examining the Effectiveness of Method of Instruction and Teacher- and Learner-Led Discourse in Morphosyntactic Development

This study is a conceptual replication of Toth (2008), who found that teacher-led activities (as compared to learner-led activities) in second language (L2) Spanish classrooms were correlated with higher accuracy rates on a grammaticality judgment (GJ) task and a written production task targeting the use of anticausative verbs. The present study examines whether method of instruction, combined with classroom activity type, has an effect on accuracy rates in GJ and production tasks. Seventy-one L2 Italian students at an American university participated in a 3-day lesson sequence. Results show that neither the method of instruction nor the type of classroom activity had a statistically significant effect on accuracy rates. This may be due to morphosyntactic and semantic properties of the target structure (anticausative si in Italian) or because of quantity of input that is part of the type of instructional method used.
The effects of bilingual education programs and structured English immersion programs on student ach

This study compared the academic achievement of approximately 70,000 students enrolled in bilingual and structured English immersion programs in Arizona. The goal was to determine if the two programs, rooted in alternative theoretical suppositions, had differing effects on student achievement. The sample included students enrolled in grades two through eight. T-tests were used to compare the two groups' mean scale scores on the Stanford-9 achievement test in the areas of reading, mathematics and language. The findings revealed that students enrolled in structured English immersion programs consistently scored higher than those students enrolled in bilingual programs. Subgroup comparisons were made among those students for whom Spanish was the primary language spoken at home. Although these subgroup comparisons yielded a slighter effect, the differences remained statistically significant and in favor of structured English immersion programs. Grade equivalency measures were used to underscore the educational significance of these findings. Consideration is given to how middle grade students who have reached a formal operational stage of cognitive development may benefit even more from the methods of structured English immersion programs.
Text classification using Naive Bayes: An experiment to conference paper

The basic text classification technique in forum application has been discussed in Sainin (2005a) and Sainin (2005b). The paper explains about the use of the basic naive Bayes algorithm to classify forum text me ssages into two classes namely clean and bad. In the problem of document text classification for conference paper, various papers themes will normally be classified manually by the conference management.Once the classification of the papers is ready, the parallel sessions for presentation according to the themes will be scheduled. This process is time consuming and may classify papers into unrelated themes.Based on this situation, an automated text document classification can replace the manual classification; hence reduce the decision time.In this paper, the similar algorithm that was applied in the previous experiment for the forum messages classification will be discussed according to the experiment for conference paper classification.