Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FIBER SIZING-TEST FLUID INTERACTION FOR IN-PLANE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS OF CONTINUOUS FIBERS

Many manufacturers are using liquid composite molding (LCM) to manufacture composites because of its simplicity and cost effectiveness. This generic process includes techniques such as vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), resin transfer molding (RTM), and Seemann composite reaction infusion molding (SCRIM). VARTM is most commonly used due to its low tooling cost and ease of use. One of the most important factors that affect the manufacturability of composite parts is permeability. Permeability usually affects resin flow within fibers; hence, many researchers have placed importance on the measurement of this factor in various studies. Alternate test fluids such as corn syrup, silicon oil and motor oil are being used to calculate permeability, since they are cheaper, easy to clean, and are not volatile like resins. Permeability is generally affected by fiber sizing-test fluid interaction, fiber volume fraction, and fiber orientation. In the present study, permeability effects due to fiber chemical coating or sizing were investigated using VARTM. Experiments were conducted by inducing highand low-viscosity corn syrup and silicon oil through uni-directional glass fibers, bi-axial glass fibers, and two types of uni-directional carbon fibers, with and without sizing. Darcy’s law was used to calculate permeability. Significant permeability differences found using fibers with and without sizing are reported. Separate saturated flow rate measurements for one of the uni-directional carbon fibers and uni-directional glass fibers, both sized and unsized, were carried out by infusing corn syrup and silicon oil with similar viscosities. It was found that, over time, corn syrup displayed a gradual decrease in flow rate for saturated fiber material for constant vacuum infusion. From previous research studies, the flow rate history in the RTM process showed two stages: initial rapid flow and steady-state flow. However, in the VARTM process, the cumulative mass vs. time
Controlled trial of hypo-osmalar versus World Health Organization oral rehydration solution.

OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and efficacy of a hyposmolar oral rehydration solution (H-ORS) (245 mmol/liter) with the World Health Organization oral rehydration solution (WHO ORS) in cholera and acute non-cholera diarrhea. DESIGN Controlled clinical trial. SETTING Diarrhea training and treatment unit. METHODS Thirty-five culture proven cholera and 135 acute non-cholera diarrheal patients randomly received H-ORS or WHO-ORS. Intake and output were measured every 4 hours. RESULTS Analysis of the total cases revealed rehydration phase (p=0.048, 95% CI 0.64-0.99) and overall (p=0.046, 95% CI 0.70-0.99) frequency of stools to be significantly less in the H-ORS group. In the severely malnourished, the rehydration phase (p=0.032, 95% CI 0.55-97), maintenance phase (p=0.035, 95% CI 0.51-0.97) and overall (p=0.011; 0.95% CI 0.55-0.93) stool frequency were significantly decreased in the H-ORS group. The amount of ORS consumed in the maintenance phase of the cholera cases was significantly (p=0.04, 95% CI 0.44-0.98) less in the H-ORS group. All other parameters, despite showing a decreasing trend, were statistically comparable in the cholera, non-cholera and total cases. The amount of intravenous fluid needed was significantly more in the noncholera and total cases on H-ORS. In the non-breastfed cases, under two years of age, the total duration of diarrhea was significantly decreased (p=0.03; 95% CI 11.07-11.45) but the need for intravenous fluids significantly increased (p=0.02; 95% CI 109.8-112.1) in the H-ORS group. The proportion of children vomiting, the weight gain, urine passed in 24 hours, serum sodium, caloric intake and failure rate were comparable. CONCLUSIONS H-ORS is as safe and effective as the WHO-ORS and may have some additional benefits in malnourished children.
Impaired functional connectivity within and between frontostriatal circuits and its association with compulsive drug use and trait impulsivity in cocaine addiction.

IMPORTANCE Converging evidence has long identified both impulsivity and compulsivity as key psychological constructs in drug addiction. Although dysregulated striatal-cortical network interactions have been identified in cocaine addiction, the association between these brain networks and addiction is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that cocaine addiction is associated with disturbances in striatal-cortical communication as captured by resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), measured from coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal, and to explore the relationships between striatal rsFC, trait impulsivity, and uncontrolled drug use in cocaine addiction. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A case-control, cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program outpatient magnetic resonance imaging facility. Data used in the present study were collected between December 8, 2005, and September 30, 2011. Participants included 56 non-treatment-seeking cocaine users (CUs) (52 with cocaine dependence and 3 with cocaine abuse) and 56 healthy individuals serving as controls (HCs) matched on age, sex, years of education, race, estimated intelligence, and smoking status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Voxelwise statistical parametric analysis testing the rsFC strength differences between CUs and HCs in brain regions functionally connected to 6 striatal subregions defined a priori. RESULTS Increased rsFC strength was observed predominantly in striatal-frontal circuits; decreased rsFC was found between the striatum and cingulate, striatal, temporal, hippocampal/amygdalar, and insular regions in the CU group compared with the HCs. Increased striatal-dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex connectivity strength was positively correlated with the amount of recent cocaine use (uncorrected P < .046) and elevated trait impulsivity in the CUs (uncorrected P < .012), and an index reflecting the balance between striatal-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and striatal-anterior prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortex circuits was significantly associated with loss of control over cocaine use (corrected P < .012). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cocaine addiction is associated with disturbed rsFC in several specific striatal-cortical circuits. Specifically, compulsive cocaine use, a defining characteristic of dependence, was associated with a balance of increased striatal-anterior prefrontal/orbitofrontal and decreased striatal-dorsal anterior cingulate connectivity; trait impulsivity, both a risk factor for and a consequence of cocaine use, was associated with increased dorsal striatal-dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex connectivity uniquely in CUs. These findings provide new insights toward the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction and suggest potential novel therapeutic targets for treatment.
eGFR: Readjusting its rating.

GFR is the accepted metric for evaluating renal function but measuring it directly (mGFR) can be cumbersome, time-consuming, and costly. The constant infusion method using inulin as the filtration marker, introduced in 1934 by Richards and Smith (1), has undergone many revisions that have now made mGFR easier to perform, although not widely available (2,3). A simple, reliable, unbiased, precise, and accurate estimation of mGFR, without reliance on constant infusions or timed urinary collections, would be welcome; however, as illustrated by the extensive compendium of comparisons of mGFR (using classical inulin clearance methods) to eGFR by Botev et al. (4) in this issue of CJASN , this objective is far from being realized. Although formulaic methods to approximate the values of mGFR from serum creatinine (Scr) levels have been used for many decades, the seminal description of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation (eGFR-MDRD) in 1999 galvanized interest in this common and important clinical issue (5). The often used Cockcroft-Gault equation (6) was never intended to be an approximation of GFR but rather was designed to estimate endogenous creatinine clearance, which is not equivalent to GFR because of the effects of tubular secretion of creatinine (TScr). In normal individuals, this can be compensated for by a correction factor, because TScr is relatively constant (at approximately 22 to 24% of GFR) (7); however, TScr can vary markedly in disease states, particularly those associated with heavy proteinuria (8). Compared with mGFR, the current widely used eGFR-MDRD formulas (original and reexpressed [5,9]) have limitations because of variable degrees of bias, imprecision, and inaccuracy (10). The studies of Botev et al. (4) in this issue of CJASN provide additional quantitative data on the ranges of bias, precision, and accuracy of eGFR-MDRD according to the levels …
Prognosis of Surgically Corrected Coarctation of the Aorta: A 20‐Year Postoperative Appraisal

A long-term retrospective analysis of 248 patients, 11-25 years after surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta, revealed a high incidence of premature cardiovascular disease. Twelve percent of patients with follow-up have died. It is suggested that premature death in patients with adequate surgical repair may be related to the duration of preoperative hypertension. Fifty-nine patients were evaluated on a standard hospital protocol. Seventy-eight percent had evidence of cardiovascular disease and over 40% had no change or had increased blood pressure over the preoperative value.These data emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for patients with coarctation of the aorta as well as the need for close postoperative follow-up.
Compressed Nonparametric Language Modelling

Hierarchical Pitman-Yor Process priors are compelling methods for learning language models, out-performing point-estimate based methods. However, these models remain unpopular due to computational and statistical inference issues, such as memory and time usage, as well as poor mixing of sampler. In this work we propose a novel framework which represents the HPYP model compactly using compressed sufﬁx trees. Then, we develop an efﬁcient approximate inference scheme in this framework that has a much lower memory footprint compared to full HPYP and is fast in the inference time. The experimental results illustrate that our model can be built on signiﬁcantly larger datasets compared to previous HPYP models, while being several orders of magnitudes smaller, fast for training and inference, and outperforming the perplexity of the state-of-the-art Modiﬁed Kneser-Ney count-based LM smoothing by up to 15% .
Business as usual: The acceptance and perpetuation of corruption in organizations

Executive Summary Many of the recent corruption scandals at formerly venerated organizations such as Enron, WorldCom, and Parmalat have some noteworthy features in common. In most instances, the fraudulent acts involved knowing cooperation among numerous employees who were upstanding community members, givers to charity, and caring parents—far removed from the prototypical image of a criminal. The involvement of such individuals in corrupt acts, and the persistence of the acts over time, is both disturbing and puzzling. We argue that the above phenomenon can be explained in part by the rationalization tactics used by individuals committing unethical or fraudulent acts. Rationalizations are mental strategies that allow employees (and others around them) to view their corrupt acts as justified. Employees may collectively use rationalizations to neutralize any regrets or negative feelings that emanate from their participation in unethical acts. Further, rationalizations are often accompanied by socialization.
Effect of the potent aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride (CGS 16949A) in postmenopausal women with breast carcinoma

Fadrozole hydrochloride (CGS 16949A) is a highly potent, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor that significantly lowers estrogen levels in postmenopausal women and can be effective therapy for patients with advanced hormone‐dependent breast carcinoma. Circulating estradiol, estrone, and estrone sulfate are reduced to undetectable levels within weeks of the initiation of therapy. Before this study, it was not known whether this decrease in serum estrogen levels results in altered parameters associated with cardiovascular disease. The authors examined the levels of several critical blood parameters that are important to cardiovascular risk for heart disease and thromboembolic disorders in patients treated with fadrozole.
A novel SPWM strategy for single- to three-phase matrix converter

This paper presents a novel sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) strategy for single- to three-phase matrix converter. The proposed strategy is simple to implement. Also an improved SPWM (ISPWM) strategy for decreasing total harmonic distortion (THD) is proposed. The performance of proposed SPWM strategy and ISPWM strategy are compared with each other. Detailed analysis is provided for Single to Three-Phase Matrix Converter with proposed strategies and a three-phase balanced R-L load, also proposed SPWM strategies is used for driving an induction motor. Validity of the proposed SPWM strategies is verified by simulation results.
Insulin management and metabolic control of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood and adolescence in 18 countries

Insulin regimens and metabolic control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus were evaluated in a cross‐sectional, non‐population‐based investigation, involving 22 paediatric departments, from 18 countries in Europe, Japan, and North America. Blood samples and information were collected from 2873 children from March to August 1995. HbA1c was determined once and analysed centrally (normal range 4.4–6.3 %, mean 5.4 %). Year of birth, sex, duration of diabetes, height, body weight, number of daily insulin injections, types and doses of insulin were recorded. Average HbA1c in children under 11 years was 8.3 ± 1.3 % (mean ± SD) compared with 8.9 ± 1.8 % in those aged 12–18 years. The average insulin dose per kg body weight was almost constant (0.65 U kg−124 h−1) in children aged 2–9 years for both sexes, but there was a sharp increase during the pubertal years, particularly in girls. The increase in BMI of children with diabetes was much faster during adolescence compared to healthy children, especially in females. Sixty per cent of the children (n = 1707) used two daily insulin injections while 37 % (n = 1071) used three or more. Of those on two or three injections daily, 37 % used pre‐mixed insulins, either alone or in combination with short‐ and intermediate‐acting insulin. Pre‐adolescent children on pre‐mixed insulin showed similar HbA1c levels to those on a combination of short‐ and long‐acting insulins, whereas in adolescents significantly better HbA1c values were achieved with individual combinations. Very young children were treated with a higher proportion of long‐acting insulin. Among adolescent boys, lower HbA1c was related to use of more short‐acting insulin. This association was not found in girls. We conclude that numerous insulin injection regimens are currently used in paediatric diabetes centres around the world, with an increasing tendency towards intensive diabetes management, particularly in older adolescents. Nevertheless, the goal of near normoglycaemia is achieved in only a few. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thrombopoietin-Induced Signal Transduction and Potentiation of Platelet Activation

Introduction The presence of thrombopoietin, a humoral regulator of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, had been suggested for years,1 however, some investigators were skeptical about the existence of such a factor. Modern studies of thrombopoietin begin with the cloning of c-mpl (the cellular counterpart of the v-mpl oncogene) and its cognate ligand genes. Following the cloning of the c-mpl proto-oncogene,2 Methia et al3 found that, in the presence of oligonucleotides antisense to the gene, CD34+ cells developed into megakaryocytic precursors less efficiently. As the development into other lineage was nearly intact, it was reasonably argued that the c-mpl protein may be the receptor for a thrombopoietin-like factor.3 This study inspired numerous investigations, which culminated in the cloning of the thrombopoietin gene in 1994.1, 4-8
Trust in School: A Pathway to Inhibit Teacher Burnout?.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider trust as an important relational source in schools by exploring whether trust lowers teacher burnout. The authors examine how trust relationships with different school parties such as the principal relate to distinct dimensions of teacher burnout. The authors further analyze whether school-level trust additionally influences burnout. In doing this, the authors account for other teacher and school characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use quantitative data gathered during the 2008-2009 school year from 673 teachers across 58 elementary schools in Flanders (i.e. the northern Dutch-speaking region of Belgium). Because teacher and school characteristics are simultaneously related to burnout, multilevel modeling is applied. Findings – Trust can act as a buffer against teacher burnout. Teachers’ trust in students demonstrates the strongest association with burnout compared to trust in principals or colleagues. Exploring relationships of tru.
Health care-associated pneumonia requiring hospital admission: epidemiology, antibiotic therapy, and clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND Health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) has been proposed as a new category of respiratory infection. However, limited data exist to validate this entity. We aimed to ascertain the epidemiology, causative organisms, antibiotic susceptibilities, and outcomes of and empirical antibiotic therapy for HCAP requiring hospitalization. METHODS Observational analysis of a prospective cohort of nonseverely immunosuppressed hospitalized adults with pneumonia. Patients who had recent contact with the health care system through nursing homes, home health care programs, hemodialysis clinics, or prior hospitalization were considered to have HCAP. RESULTS Of 727 cases of pneumonia, 126 (17.3%) were HCAP and 601 (82.7%) were community acquired. Compared with patients with community-acquired pneumonia, patients with HCAP were older (mean age, 69.5 vs 63.7 years; P < .001), had greater comorbidity (95.2% vs 74.7%; P < .001), and were more commonly classified into high-risk pneumonia severity index classes (67.5% vs 48.8%; P < .001). The most common causative organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae in both groups (27.8% vs 33.9%). Drug-resistant pneumococci were more frequently encountered in cases of HCAP. Legionella pneumophila was less common in patients with HCAP (2.4% vs 8.8%; P = .01). Aspiration pneumonia (20.6% vs 3.0%; P < .001), Haemophilus influenzae (11.9% vs 6.0%; P = .02), Staphylococcus aureus (2.4% vs 0%; P = .005), and gram-negative bacilli (4.0% vs 1.0%; P = .03) were more frequent in HCAP. Patients with HCAP more frequently received an initial inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy (5.6% vs 2.0%; P = .03). The overall case-fatality rate (< 30 days) was higher in patients with HCAP (10.3% vs 4.3%; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS At present, a substantial number of patients initially seen with pneumonia in the emergency department have HCAP. These patients require a targeted approach when selecting empirical antibiotic therapy.
Anatomy of interaction experience: Distinguishing sensory, semantic, and behavioral dimensions of interactivity

Understanding the experience people have in a direct or mediated interaction is essential to defining interactivity and theorizing its role in communication, but the question of what constitutes a person’s perceptual experience of interaction, namely perceived interactivity, has not been systematically inquired. The objective of this article is to define the general structure of perceived interactivity, which provides an integrative framework to compare and evaluate interaction forms or situations involving human actors as well as both old and new media. A major premise of this framework is that an interaction experience, whether direct or mediated, consists of three underlying dimensions – sensory, semantic, and behavioral.
RIGHT ATRIAL MYXOMA MISTAKEN FOR CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS

Right atrial myxomas are rare. The diagnosis can sometimes be made clinically and confirmed radiologically if the tumour is calcified but angiocardiography is usually required (Differding, Gardner, and Roe, 1961). The diagnosis is seldom made by cardiac catheterization alone, and this is partly due to the difficulty in detecting minor degrees of obstruction at the tricuspid valve, as illustrated by the case recorded here. This case also demonstrates the importance of the differential diagnoses between right atrial myxoma and constrictive pericarditis (Bahnson and Newman, 1953; Ellis, Mankin, and Burchell, 1958; Padhi, Kelly, and Lynn, 1959).
Control of gluconeogenesis in rat liver cells

Control of gluconeogenesis from lactate was studied by titrating rat liver cells with lactate and pyruvate in a ratio of 1 O : l in a perifusion system. At different steady states of glucose formation, the concentration of key gluconeogenic intermediates was measured and plotted against gluconeogenic flux (Jglucoee). Complete saturation was observed only in the plot relating JglUcto the extracellular pyruvate concentration. Measurement of pyruvate distribution in the cell showed that the mitochondrial pyruvate translocator operates close to equilibrium at high lactate and pyruvate concentrations. It can therefore be concluded that pyruvate carboxylase limits maximal gluconeogenic flux. Addition of glucagon did not cause a shift in the plots relating Jglueose to glucose 6-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, and phosphoenolpyruvate. It can thus be concluded that glucagon does not affect the kinetic parameters of the enzymes involved in the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose. Addition of glucagon led to a shift in the curves relating Jglueose to the concentration of cytosolic oxalacetate and extracellular pyruvate. The shift in the curve relating JgluCto oxalacetate is due to glucagon-induced inhibition of pyruvate kinase. The stimulation of gluconeogenesis by glucagon can be accounted for almost completely by inhibition of pyruvate kinase. There was almost no stimulation by glucagon of pyruvate carboxylation. In the absence of glucagon, control on gluconeogenesis from lactate is distributed among different steps including pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate kinase. Assuming that in the presence of glucagon all pyruvate kinase flux is inhibited, the control of gluconeogenesis in the presence of the hormone is confined exclusively to pyruvate carboxylase.