Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Channels of impoverishment due to ill-health in rural Ethiopia

We analyse the effects of ill-health on household economic outcomes in Ethiopia, using three years of household panel data and event history interviews. We examine the immediate effects of a variety of ill-health measures on health expenditure and labour supply, the subsequent household coping responses, and finally the effect on household income and consumption. We find evidence of substantial economic risk in terms of increased health expenditure and reduced agricultural productivity. Households cope by resorting to intra-household labour substitution, hiring wage labour, borrowing and depleting assets. While households are able to maintain food consumption, we observe imperfect insurance of non-food consumption. This effect is larger for households with the lowest ability to self-insure. Maintaining current consumption through borrowing and depletion of assets and savings is unlikely to be sustainable and displays the need for interventions that work towards reducing the financial consequences of ill-health.
THE EFFECTS OF ECCENTRIC PHASE DURATION ON CONCENTRIC PHASE FORCE PRODUCTION DURING DEPTH JUMPS

The purpose of the study was to test the yet unproven theory, which states that the faster a muscle is stretched the greater force it produces in the subsequent concentric phase during plyometric exercises. Thirty-three trained male athletes performed plyometric depth jumps from two heights (trial A=33.02cm, trial B=47.94cm) landing on a force platform, followed by an immediate counter jump. Researchers determined the duration of eccentric phase and the relative peak concentric force of each jump using the data from the force platform. Results indicated a significant inverse relationship between eccentric duration and relative peak concentric force in both trials (p=0.019 and p<0.001). This relationship was stronger as the height of the depth jump increased (r=-0.40 in trial A and r=-0.62 in trial B).
Photo-stimulatory effect of LLLT on the proliferation rate of human monocytic leukaemia cells

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a form of phototherapy used to promote cell proliferation. This study investigates the potential role of LLLT in cellular proliferation of human monocytic leukaemia cells Tamm-Horsfall Protein 1 (THP-1) under in vitro conditions. Cells were irradiated with an 850 nm diode laser and exposed to doses ranging from 0 to 26.8 J/cm 2 . After irradiation, cells were incubated for 12 and 24 h to allow time for proliferation. Comet assay was conducted to evaluate genotoxicity of the irradiated cells. Trypan blue was used to estimate cytotoxicity, which peaked at the highest dose as expected. Preliminary results suggest that cell counts increase at low doses, whereas a decrease in cell number at high doses was noted compared with controls. Comet assay showed no significant difference between irradiated and non-irradiated cells at low doses. In contrast, DNA damage increased at doses ≥8.9 J/cm 2 and was comparable with the 100 μM hydrogen peroxide positive control at the highest fluence. It could be concluded that LLLT has the ability to stimulate the THP-1 cell line to proliferate if supplied with the correct energy and dose.
Racial Identity, Racial Context, and Ingroup Status: Implications for Attributions to Discrimination Among Black Canadians

Using Self-Categorization Theory as a conceptual framework for understanding attributions to discrimination, the primary aim of this study was to move beyond focusing on the degree to which racial minorities define themselves in terms of their race (i.e., racial centrality). Specifically, the authors examined how multiple dimensions of Black racial identity affected attributions to racial discrimination in two attributionally ambiguous situations. For Black Canadians exposed to intergroup contexts, racial identity beliefs that emphasize the distinctiveness of the Black experience (low public regard and nationalist ideology) were associated with greater perceived discrimination across the two situations, whereas racial identity beliefs that stress the similarities between the Black experience and that of other groups (assimilationist and humanist ideologies) were associated with perceiving less discrimination. Racial identity beliefs did not predict attributions when the target and potential perpetrator were members of the same racial group. Implications for studying the relationship between Black racial identity and perceived discrimination are discussed.
The Home Bias of the Poor: Terms of Trade Effects and Portfolios Across the Wealth Distribution

This paper documents how poorer and less educated US households hold a smaller fraction of foreign assets in their financial portfolio. This average home bias of the poor is partly due to a lower probability of participating in foreign asset markets, often attributed to fixed costs of market entry. However, portfolio shares also rise with wealth among those households that do hold foreign assets, which fixed participation costs cannot explain. I use a simple, standard two-country general equilibrium model to show that hedging of real exchange rate movements and non-financial income risk, commonly employed to explain aggregate country-level home bias, also produces non-trivial heterogeneity in portfolios across wealth levels within countries that is in line with the evidence.
Is Informal Networks Influence Technological Innovation of R&D Team Member: A Topology, Measurement, and Consequences

The management of the social networks of individual technological innovation has been hampered by the lack of a comprehensive typology for categorizing of social networks. Based on social support and social exchange theory, this study develops a social networks typology that identifies three constructs type of social networks. This study also point to limitation with the measurement of individual innovation and outline the five constructs design to overcome these limitations. The study then examines the relationship between social networks and technological innovation. The results suggest that technological innovation was significantly influenced by the informal centrality and tie strength of all three social network types. Furthermore, the relationship can be explaining more variance by adding specificity asset as positive moderate variable. The theoretical framework of this study brings informal social network phenomenon into technological innovation management in individual level. Both the typology for conceptualizing the nature of social networks and the constructs for scaling the measurement of technological innovation of this study provide a solid foundation on exploring the application in new contexts.
Effect of iron on the compressibility of hydrous ringwoodite

Abstract Single crystals of hydrous ferroan ringwoodites with compositions (Mg0.97Fe1.00)1.97Si0. 98H0.13O4 and (Mg1.21Fe2+0.66Fe3+0.1)1.97Si0. 97H0.06O4 have been synthesized. Their lattice parameters at ambient conditions are a = 8.1597(6) Å and V = 543.28(13) Å3 and a = 8.1384(3) Å and V = 539.03(7) Å3, respectively. The unit-cell lattice parameters were measured at different pressures up to about 9 GPa by means of X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The P-V data were fitted with a second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (K′ fixed to the value of 4) refining to the following equation of state parameters: V0 = 543.32(7) Å³ and KT0 = 186.5(9) GPa for (Mg0.97Fe1.00)1.97Si0. 98H0.13O4 and V0 = 539.01(5) Å³ and KT0 = 184.1(7) GPa for (Mg1.21Fe2+0.66Fe3+0.1)1.97Si0. 97H0.06O4. Structural refinements indicate the presence of significant octahedral vacancies in sample (Mg1.21Fe2+0.66Fe3+0.1)1.97Si0. 97H0.06O4 due to the oxidation of 0.1 apfu of ferric iron. Correlation between the O-O distances of the octahedral edges and the shift of the OH-stretching frequency suggest that the H incorporation occurs at the octahedral site.
PREDICTIVE POWER OF MATH ANXIETY AND PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT FROM TEACHER FOR PRIMARY STUDENTS' MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT

study aims to determine the predictive power of math anxiety and perceived social support from teacher for mathematics achievement of primary students. The sample was consisted of 292 Primary School students (156 girls and 136 boys) attending 7th and 8th grade. For such a correlational study, "Math Anxiety Scale" developed by Erol (***) to determine student' mathematics anxiety and "Perceived Social Support Scale-Revised/Teacher Support Subscale" developed by Yoldorm (***) to determine students' teacher support perception were used. Averages of students' mathematics scores in the first term of 2007-2008 academic year were taken as mathematic achievement scores. The obtained data were analyzed by means of a package program for Windows called SPSS 11.5. Independent-Sample t Test, Pearson Correlation Analyze and Regression Analyze were employed to analyze the obtained data. Results of the study revealed that math anxiety and teacher support are significant predictors of students' math achievements. Math anxiety is a more powerful predictor for male students' math achievements regarding gender. For female students, teacher support is a more powerful predictor for math achievement.
Organic compounds in root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef et Deu and limitation of microorganisms in its rhizosphere by nutrients.

This study was conducted to determine the composition of sugars and organic acids in root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus and to fi nd out if microorganisms of the rhizospheric soil are limited by mine ral nutrients. The following sugars and organic acids were determined in root exudates of this plant: glucose, saccharose, and acids such as succinic, propionic, citric, tartaric, malic, oxalic, ascorbic, acetic and fumaric. Respiration of soil from rhizosphere of Miscanthus × Giganteus was found to be limited by N, K and Ca. Respiration rate a er application of mineral compounds increased in following orther: nitrate > calcium > potassium > ammonium, giving approx. 165, 99, 52 and 31 % increase compared to control. Further research is necessary to determine the role of plant nutrients from the point of their limitations for rhizosphere microorganisms, to broader very rare knowledges in this topic, especially for polluted soils to stimulate effi ciency of phytoremediations.
Exceptional links and twisted Fermi ribbons in non-Hermitian systems

The generic nature of band touching points in three-dimensional band structures is at the heart of the rich phenomenology, topological stability, and novel Fermi arc surface states associated with Weyl semimetals. Here we report on the corresponding scenario emerging in systems effectively described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Remarkably, three-dimensional non-Hermitian systems have generic band touching along one-dimensional closed contours, forming exceptional rings and links in reciprocal space. The associated Seifert surfaces support open ``Fermi ribbons'' where the real part of the energy gap vanishes, providing a novel class of higher-dimensional bulk generalizations of Fermi arcs which are characterized by an integer twist number. These results have possible applications to a plethora of physical settings, ranging from mechanical systems and optical metamaterials with loss and gain to heavy fermion materials with finite-lifetime quasiparticles. In particular, photonic crystals provide fertile ground for simulating the exuberant phenomenology of exceptional links and their concomitant Fermi ribbons.
Influence of biomass aerosol on precipitation over the Central Amazon: an observational study

Abstract. Understanding the influence of biomass burning aerosol on clouds and precipitation in the Amazon is key to reducing uncertainties in simulations of climate change scenarios with regard to deforestation fires. Here, we associate rainfall characteristics obtained from an S-band radar in the Amazon with in situ measurements of biomass burning aerosol for the entire year of 2009. The most important results were obtained during the dry season (July–December). The results indicate that the influence of aerosol on precipitating systems is modulated by the atmospheric degree of instability. For less unstable atmospheres, the higher the aerosol concentration is, the lower the precipitation is over the region. In contrast, for more unstable cases, higher concentrations of black carbon are associated with greater precipitation, increased ice content, and larger rain cells; this finding suggests an association with long-lived systems. The results presented are statistically significant. However, due to limitations imposed by the available data set, important features, such as the contribution of each mechanism to the rainfall suppression, need further investigation. Regional climate model simulations with aircraft and radar measurements would help clarify these questions.
Regulation of freshwater community structure at multiple intensities of dragonfly predation

We examined the role played by predaceous dragonfly nymphs, Celithemis fasciata (Odonata: Libellulidae), in the regulation of the community structure of a benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage in Par Pond, an 1100-ha reservoir in South Carolina. Effects of predation intensity on species richness, evenness, and density were evaluated by adding zero, two, four, and eight large dragonfly nymphs (antepenultimate and penultimate instars) to previously sieved (0.85-mm mesh) bottom sediment containing benthic macroinvertebrates. Predator and prey assemblages were then placed in individual field microcosms that consisted of polyethylene trays surrounded by underwater screens (mesh <2 mm diagonally) and suspended 15 cm below floating platforms. Twelve replicates of each treatment level were run during each of three 6-wk experimental periods: April-May 1980, August-October 1980, and January-February 1981. In addition, colonization of microcosms by in- vertebrates was quantified, and samples from natural, unenclosed benthic fauna were collected sea- sonally along a transect for comparison with experimental assemblages. We tested whether predators enhanced, depressed, both increased and decreased, or had no effect on the complexity of the com- munity structure. The dual effect of predation on community structure is predicted by Connell's "intermediate disturbance hypothesis. " Results showed that dragonfly nymphs can significantly influence the structure of the benthic community. However, the results did not show that invertebrate predation is the sole or even the primary regulator of community structure. Species richness was significantly greater at intermediate treatment levels (thus supporting Connell's general hypothesis), but the increase was not great (a range of ; 10%). The mechanisms by which species richness is maximized at intermediate intensities of predation are not entirely evident, but are probably a combination of prey refuges and nonselective predation with patch switching. In contrast, species evenness, as measured by equitability and by Simpson's index, was greatest at the highest predation level (which does not support the intermediate disturbance hypothesis). Dragonflies appeared to exert a greater influence on prey density than on community diversity.
Extracting the Dominant SST Modes Impacting North America's Observed Climate*

AbstractThe seasonal impacts of the dominant sea surface temperature (SST) modes to North American climate are assessed comprehensively in observations using the multivariate generalized equilibrium feedback assessment (GEFA) method. The GEFA method is first validated before applying it to observations. Impacts of each individual SST mode are quantified and the associated mechanisms are discussed. Four critical SST modes for North American climate are found: the ENSO mode, Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) mode, North Pacific first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode, and tropical Atlantic second EOF mode. The impacts of the ENSO mode are consistent with previous studies qualitatively, while the impact strength is further quantified here. The IOB mode has a strong influence on surface air temperature across North America, and it is demonstrated for the first time that its impact strength might even exceed that of ENSO during both winter and summer. The IOB mode also affects the year-round precipitation. A dee.
The Role of Implicit Beliefs and Achievement Goals as Protective Factors in Youth Sport

This study explored whether implicit beliefs and 2 × 2 achievement goals were related to enjoyment in youth sport over 1 year and whether perceived changes in the coach–athlete relationship moderated these relationships. Indirect and conditional indirect effect analyses were conducted in a sample of 247 regular sport participants (Mage = 13.03 years). After adjusting for enjoyment at Time 1, incremental beliefs were indirectly related to Time 2 enjoyment via mastery-approach goals. However, this effect was evident only when the coach–athlete relationship was perceived to have deteriorated. Results highlight the protective value of adaptive implicit beliefs and achievement goals in youth sport.
Homotopy method for minimum consumption orbit transfer problem

The numerical resolution of the low thrust orbital transfer problem around the Earth with the maximization of the final mass or minimization of the consumption is investigated. This problem is difficult to solve by shooting method because the optimal control is discontinuous and a homotopic method is proposed to deal with these difficulties for which convergence properties are established. For a thrust of 0.1 Newton and a final time 50% greater than the minimum one, we obtain 1786 switching times.
The State-ofthe-Art of Content Analysis

This methodological study presents an overview of the current variants of content analysis which were identified by examining their constitutive components. These components are the following: types of content, types of sampling, depth of analysis, direction of analysis, types of control of coding, and modes of presentation of findings. The current paper shows how these components are framed in the works of the relevant international authors. Five configurations of these components and their contents were identified, which represent five variants of content analysis. It has been shown that configurations are not arbitrary; rather their components estab lish certain relationships in order to form meaningful methodology.
Building and breaking a large igneous province: An example from the High Arctic

The genesis of the Amerasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean has been difficult to discern due to overprint of the Cretaceous High-Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). Based on detailed analysis of bathymetry data, new Arctic magnetic and gravity compilations, and recently published radiometric and seismic data, we present a revised plate kinematic model of the northernmost Amerasia Basin. We show that the smaller Makarov Basin is formed by rifting and seafloor spreading during the latest Cretaceous (to middle Paleocene). The opening progressively migrated into the Alpha Ridge structure, which was the focus of Early-to-Middle Cretaceous HALIP formation, causing breakup of the proto-Alpha Ridge into the present-day Alpha Ridge and Alpha Ridge West Plateau. We propose that breakup of the Makarov Basin was triggered by extension between the North America and Eurasian plates and possibly North Pacific plate rollback.
The Effect of Lower Limb Wearable Resistance Location on Sprint Running Step Kinematics

This study quantified changes in step kinematics between unloaded, thigh, and shank wearable resistance (WR) at 2% body mass (BM) during over ground sprint running. Eleven male athletes completed two maximal effort sprint trials over 52 m of in-ground force plates, for each condition. There were no significant (p > 0.05) changes in sprint times between all conditions. Compared to unloaded sprinting, shank WR significantly changed step frequency (SF) (-2.1% acceleration phase and -2.5% max velocity phase (MVP)), contact times (CT) (2.1% MVP) and flight times (3.3% MVP); thigh WR significantly changed SF (-1.4% MVP) and CT (2.9% MVP). It appears peripheral loading (2% BM) of the thigh and shank affects SF and CT but not step length and width. Such differential loading could be used to train different mechanical determinants of speed.
Seasonal and mesoscale variability of oceanic transport of anthropogenic CO 2

Abstract. Estimates of the ocean's large-scale transport of anthropogenic CO2 are based on one-time hydrographic sections, but the temporal variability of this transport has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the seasonal and mesoscale variability affect data-based estimates of anthropogenic CO2 transport. To diagnose this variability, we made a global anthropogenic CO2 simulation using an eddy-permitting version of the coupled ocean sea-ice model ORCA-LIM. As for heat transport, the seasonally varying transport of anthropogenic CO2 is largest within 20° of the equator and shows secondary maxima in the subtropics. Ekman transport generally drives most of the seasonal variability, but the contribution of the vertical shear becomes important near the equator and in the Southern Ocean. Mesoscale variabilty contributes to the annual-mean transport of both heat and anthropogenic CO2 with strong poleward transport in the Southern Ocean and equatorward transport in the tropics. This "rectified" eddy transport is largely baroclinic in the tropics and barotropic in the Southern Ocean due to a larger contribution from standing eddies. Our analysis revealed that most previous hydrographic estimates of meridional transport of anthropogenic CO2 are severely biased because they neglect temporal fluctuations due to non-Ekman velocity variations. In each of the three major ocean basins, this bias is largest near the equator and in the high southern latitudes. In the subtropical North Atlantic, where most of the hydrographic-based estimates have been focused, this uncertainty represents up to 20% and 30% of total meridional transport of heat and CO2. Generally though, outside the tropics and Southern Ocean, there are only small variations in meridional transport due to seasonal variations in tracer fields and time variations in eddy transport. For the North Atlantic, eddy variability accounts for up to 10% and 15% of the total transport of heat and CO2. This component is not accounted for in coarse-resolution hydrographic surveys.
BOUNDED HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS ON FINITE RIEMANN SURFACES

In §2, we use this theorem to establish an analogous result in the setting of finite open Riemann surfaces. §§3 and 4 consider certain questions which arise naturally in the course of the proof of this generalization. We mention that the chief result of §2, Theorem 2.6, has been obtained independently by N. L. Ailing [3] who has used methods more highly algebraic than ours. The second matter we shall be concerned with is that of interpolation. If R is a Riemann surface and if £ is a subset of R, call £ an interpolation set for R if for every bounded complex-valued function a on £, there is a bounded holomorphic function f on R such that /1 £ = a. Carleson [6] has characterized interpolation sets in the unit disc:
How Active is Your Fund Manager? A New Measure That Predicts Performance

We introduce a new measure of active portfolio management, Active Share, which represents the share of portfolio holdings that differ from the benchmark index holdings. We compute Active Share for domestic equity mutual funds from 1980 to 2003. We relate Active Share to fund characteristics such as size, expenses, and turnover in the cross-section, and we also examine its evolution over time. Active Share predicts fund performance: funds with the highest Active Share significantly outperform their benchmarks, both before and after expenses, and they exhibit strong performance persistence. Non-index funds with the lowest Active Share underperform their benchmarks.