Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of suicide attempters: what are the routines and the costs?

The services offered to a consecutive series of 97 suicide attempters (36 men and 61 women) at a general hospital were registered by a participating observer. All but one case were subjected to psychiatric consultation for suicide risk assessment, but only 34% were evaluated by a psychiatric specialist. Fifty‐seven percent were admitted to psychiatric inpatient care. The length of inpatient care varied, the average duration was 5 days for men and 14 days for women. Repeaters were admitted more often than nonrepeaters. The short‐term compliance was satisfactory. The direct cost for management was evaluated based on the detailed quantification of care provided for each subject. The care at the hospital equalled 6.4% of the total budget for psychiatric inpatient care.
Signs of Tissue Hypoxia in Infantile Hydrocephalus

Cerebrospinal fluid was sampled from the lateral ventricle in untreated hydrocephalic children and analysed for pH and pCO2 and for the lactate and pyruvate concentrations. The values were compared to those obtained on lumbar CSF from non‐hydrocephalic patients. In most cases of hydrocephalus there was an increase in the lactate concentration, and in 7 out of 9 there was a marked increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio. The results indicate that in most of the hydrocephalic children the increased CSF pressure was of sufficient degree to interfere with the oxidative metabolism of the brain, and thus to induce a moderate degree of tissue hypoxia.
Enhanced Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Mice Lacking Heparin-Binding Growth-Associated Molecule

Heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM) (pleiotrophin) is a highly conserved extracellular matrix-associated protein implicated in a diverse range of developmental processes, including the formation and plasticity of neuronal connections. Using gene targeting, we have in the present study created HB-GAM-deficient mice that are viable and fertile and show no gross anatomical abnormalities. The hippocampal structure as well as basal excitatory synaptic transmission in the area CA1 appear normal in the mice lacking HB-GAM. However, hippocampal slices from HB-GAM-deficient mice display a lowered threshold for induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), which reverts back to the wild-type level by application of HB-GAM. HB-GAM expression in hippocampus is activity-dependent and upregulated in several neuropathological conditions. Thus, we suggest that HB-GAM acts as an inducible signal to inhibit LTP in hippocampus.
ESD Discharge Waveform Measurement, the First Step in Human ESD Simulation

Until uncertainties concerning acceptable measurement techniques are resolved, there can't be real agreement on what constitutes the discharge current waveform of an actual human ESD event. The results of examining two different, commercially-available currentviewing resistor assemblies, along with two different commercially-available current transformer assemblies, verify their applica­ bility in ESD waveform measurement. Introduction Recent papers [1,2] have reported striking facts about the human ESD current discharge waveform: less than one nanosecond rise times combined with large (on the order of 100 to 400%) overshoots. This brings to light ques­ tions about the measurements, i.e. can some of these phenomena be attributable to the mea­ surement equipment and/or techniques used? [3] In order to resolve this issue, various time domain tests were conducted on the measurement instruments Involved. The results of these tests follow. The Oscilloscope The oscilloscope usqd was the Tektronix 7834 with EMI option, and a 7A19 vertical plug-in. The 7A19 has a 50 ohm input impedance. The combination yields an advertised bandwidth of 400 mHz (900 ps rise time). Figure 1 shows the oscilloscope response to a one nano­ second rise time pulse from a Tektronix PG502, 50 ohm pulse generator, implicitly terminated by the oscilloscope. It depicts a smooth transition with no tendencies toward under­ damped responses (I.e., overshoots). Current Viewing Assemblies Two different, commercially-available current viewing resistor (CVR) assemblies along with two different commercially-available current transformer (CT) assemblies were examined for time domain response. One CVR was a two-ohm, lEC-specifled coaxial target designed specifi­ cally for ESD measurements. [4] The second CVR was a 100 milliohm unit, Model 5BNC-5-1, available from T & M Research. Its advertised bandwidth is 1200 MHz, with a risetime of 300 ps, and it is constructed very differently from the IEC coaxial target. The current Fig. 1 Pulse Generator Output 0.5 V/half cm, 1 ns/half cm transformers examined were the models CT-1 and CT-2, both manufactured by Tektronix. Adver­ tised bandwidths and risetimes are 1 GHz and 350 ps respectively for the CT-1, and 200 MHz and 500 ps respectively for the CT-2. The first series of tests used each CVR & CT assembly In turn, to measure the current in the terminating resistor of a coaxial line connected to the PG 502 pulse generator. The CVRs were connected as shown in Fig. 2, which specifically depicts use of the coax target. Fig. 2 Connections for Checking the CurrentViewing Resistors Using the Pulse Generator (Coaxial Target as Example) 246 C H 2 1 16-2/85/0000-246 $1.00 © 1985 IEEE The CTs were connected as shown in Pig. 3The results of these tests are shown in Pigs. 4a, b, c and d.
Off line Arabic character recognition: a survey

Machine simulation of human reading has been the subject of intensive research for almost three decades. A large number of research papers and reports have already been published on Latin, Chinese and Japanese characters. However, little work has been conducted on the automatic recognition of Arabic characters because of the complexity of printed and handwritten text, and this problem is still an open research field. The main objective of this paper is to present the state of Arabic character recognition research throughout the last two decades.
Effect of soil applied zinc sulphate on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grown on a calcareous soil in Pakistan

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil application of zinc fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Inqlab 91) grown on calcareous soil in Pakistan. The levels of zinc sulphate were 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kg ha –2 and the zinc sulphate was combine-drilled at the time of sowing. Zinc sulphate increased the Leaf Area Index, the total number of fertile tillers m –2 , number of spikelets spike –2 , spike length, grain spike –2 , thousand grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield and decreased harvest index. Most of the response trends were curvilinear although the decrease in harvest index was linear. All applications of zinc sulphate gave economic increases in margins over costs but the application of 5 kg ha –2 gave the highest marginal rate of return. It is recommended that under such calcareous soil conditions growers can expect good returns from the application of 5 kg zinc sulphate ha –2 at the time of sowing but if the grain price were to increase or the price of zinc sulphate were reduced economic responses could be expected from higher levels of zinc sulphate.
A gene for resistance to a necrosis-inducing isolate of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis located on 5BL of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring.

Several sources of high-level resistance to tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis have been identified in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study was conducted to determine the number and chromosome location of a gene(s) in the cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) that confers resistance to a tan necrosis inducing isolate (nec+chl−) of P. tritici-repentis, 86-124, and insensitivity to Ptr necrosis toxin. Reciprocal crosses were made between CS (resistant-insensitive) and 'Kenya Farmer' (KF) (susceptible-sensitive). Analysis of the CS/KF F1and F2 populations and F2-derived F3 families identified a single nuclear recessive gene governing resistance to isolate 86-124 and Ptr necrosis toxin. Evaluation of the CS(KF) substitution series, F2 monosomic analysis, and screening of a series of 19 CS compensating nullitetrasomic and two ditelosomic lines (2AS and 5BL) indicated that the resistance gene was located on chromosome arm 5BL. No linkage exists between Lr18 and the tan necrosis resistance gene on chromosome arm 5BL. It is proposed that the gene for resistance to the tan necrosis inducing isolate 86-124 (nec+chl−) of P. tritici-repentis and Ptr necrosis toxin be named tsn1. Key words : wheat, Triticum aestivum L. , tan spot resistance, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. , chromosome location, Ptr necrosis toxin.
Effects of Neuraminidase Treatment on Solubilized Insulin Receptor

Neuraminidase treatment of triton-solubilized insulin receptors from rat fat cell membranes caused release of sialic acid and changed the isoelectric point (pI) of the insulin receptor from 4.7 to 5.6. Neuraminidase had no effect on the number or affinity of insulin receptors. These results indicate that the insulin receptor contains sialic acid, but that this sialic acid is not involved in the binding reaction.
Novel Vinculin Binding Site of the IpaA Invasin of Shigella*♦

Internalization of Shigella into host epithelial cells, where the bacteria replicates and spreads to neighboring cells, requires a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) effector coined IpaA. IpaA binds directly to and activates the cytoskeletal protein vinculin after injection in the host cell cytosol, and this was previously thought to be directed by two amphipathic α-helical vinculin-binding sites (VBS) found in the C-terminal tail domain of IpaA. Here, we report a third VBS, IpaA-VBS3, that is located N-terminal to the other two VBSs of IpaA and show that one IpaA molecule can bind up to three vinculin molecules. Biochemical in vitro Shigella invasion assays and the 1.6 Å crystal structure of the vinculin·IpaA-VBS3 complex showed that IpaA-VBS3 is functionally redundant with the other two IpaA-VBSs in cell invasion and in activating the latent F-actin binding functions of vinculin. Multiple VBSs in IpaA are reminiscent of talin, which harbors 11 VBSs. However, most of the talin VBSs have low affinity and are buried in helix bundles, whereas all three of the VBSs of IpaA are high affinity, readily available, and in close proximity to each other in the IpaA structure. Although deletion of IpaA-VBS3 has no detectable effects on Shigella invasion of epithelial cells, deletion of all three VBSs impaired bacterial invasion to levels found in an ipaA null mutant strain. Thus, IpaA-directed mimicry of talin in activating vinculin occurs through three high affinity VBSs that are essential for Shigella pathogenesis.
A new semantic list learning task to probe functioning of the Papez circuit

Introduction: List learning tasks are powerful clinical tools for studying memory, yet have been relatively underutilized within the functional imaging literature. This limits understanding of regions such as the Papez circuit that support memory performance in healthy, nondemented adults. Method: The current study characterized list learning performance in 40 adults who completed a semantic list learning task (SLLT) with a Brown–Peterson manipulation during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cued recall with semantic cues and recognition memory were assessed after imaging. Internal reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated. Results: Subjects averaged 38% accuracy in recall (62% for recognition), with primacy but no recency effects observed. Validity and reliability were demonstrated by showing that the SLLT was correlated with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), but not with executive functioning tests, and by high intraclass correlation coefficient across lists for recall (.91). fMRI measurements during encoding (vs. silent rehearsal) revealed significant activation in bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampus, and bilateral anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Post hoc analyses showed increased activation in anterior and middle hippocampus, subgenual cingulate, and mammillary bodies specific to encoding. In addition, increasing age was positively associated with increased activation in a diffuse network, particularly frontal cortex and specific Papez regions for correctly recalled words. Gender differences were specific to left inferior and superior frontal cortex. Conclusions: This is a clinically relevant list learning task that can be used in studies of groups for which the Papez circuit is damaged or disrupted, in mixed or crossover studies at imaging and clinical sites.
Auricular abscessation in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans).

Summary Four red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) at the age of 2 to 5 years old were presented with histories of abscess formation at the base of the auricular area becoming larger over time. Pasteurella testudinis was diagnosed on microbiological examination of the absscessed material in all cases. Treatment included surgical intervention confined to surgical debridement and removal of abscess contents. Enrofloxacin was administered in all operated cases. As a result, lesions resolved with surgical treatment, coinciding with regression of the infection.
The prevalence of alcohol, cigarette and illicit drug use and problems among dentists.

BACKGROUND Primarily on the basis of qualitative data, use of alcohol and illicit drugs has been speculated to be higher among dentists. The authors conducted a study to assess self-reported substance use by dentists and compare these data with those regarding physicians and the general population (GP). METHODS A total of 113 dentists (65.3 percent) and 104 physicians (63.4 percent) from a northeastern state responded to a seven-page self-report survey during the summer of 2002. The survey assessed health care professionals' alcohol, cigarette and drug use; consequences of use; disciplinary occurrences and treatment; and professional and social influences. RESULTS Although about twice as many physicians as dentists reported heavy alcohol use, a greater number of dentists reported heavy episodic alcohol use over the past year and past month, as well as having more alcohol-use problems than physicians. Roughly twice as many physicians and three times the GP reported using anxiolytics than did dentists. More dentists than physicians reported past-year, but not past-month, minor opiate use. While more dentists reported being in social situations in which they were offered alcohol, more physicians reported being offered alcohol by pharmaceutical companies at various functions. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to previous speculation, there is little evidence from the prevalence data the authors analyzed for this report to suggest that dentists are at a greater risk of developing alcohol- or other drug-use problems than is the GP. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS While the findings of this study do not suggest that substance use is more prevalent among dentists, educational institutions and state organizations still must be vigilant in educating, monitoring and encouraging dentists to voluntarily receive treatment.
Absorptive Capacity and Innovative Performance: A Human Capital Approach

This study investigates the importance of human capital on the firms' absorptive capacity, in relation to firms' innovative performance. The estimation of an ordered probit model including 1544 firms from the manufacturing and service industry in Denmark shows that the share of highly educated employees, application of human resource management practices within the firm and development of a closer relationship with both vertically related actors and knowledge institutions are not only positively correlated with the ability to innovate but also negatively correlated with the degree of innovative imitation. Finally, work experience among managers, heads of departments and employees at the managerial level is negatively associated with the ability to innovate for science-based and ICT-intensive firms, thus indicating the importance of updating the skills of the employees in these high-tech sectors.
Anti-Human CD4 Induces Peripheral Tolerance in a Human CD4+, Murine CD4−, HLA-DR+ Advanced Transgenic Mouse Model1

Selection in vivo of potent mAbs to human CD4 useful for immunotherapy, e.g., for the induction of immunological tolerance, is restricted for ethical reasons. We therefore used multiple transgenic mice that lack murine CD4, but express human CD4 specifically on Th cells, and HLA-DR3 as its natural counterligand (CD4/DR3 mice). The injection of CD4/DR3 mice with anti-human CD4 (mAb Max.16H5) before immunization with tetanus toxoid (TT, day 0) totally blocked the formation of specific Abs. This state of unresponsiveness persisted a subsequent boost again performed in the presence of anti-human CD4. When these mice were left untreated for at least 40 days, and were then re-exposed with TT, but in the absence of anti-human CD4, they consistently failed to induce specific Abs (long-term unresponsiveness). Exposure to second party Ags (hen egg lysozyme, human acetylcholine receptor) induced specific Abs comparable with control mice, demonstrating that the anti-CD4-induced unresponsiveness was Ag specific (immunological tolerance). Importantly, the concurrent injection of TT and anti-human CD4 at day 0, followed by another two anti-CD4 treatments, also led to tolerant animals, indicating that tolerance was inducible at the same day as the Ag exposure is provided. We finally demonstrate a limited ability of spleen cells to respond to TT in vitro, indicating that T cells are essentially involved in the maintenance of TT-specific tolerance. These data show for the first time that the human CD4 coreceptor mediates tolerance-inducing signals when triggered by an appropriate ligand in vivo.
Expression of c-Fos in Alko alcohol rats responding for ethanol in an operant paradigm.

BACKGROUND Identification of the brain regions involved in ethanol administration is important for understanding the neurobiology of ethanol addiction. Animal studies with different brain mapping techniques found that voluntary ethanol self-administration leads to changes in activity of specific brain regions in patterns that only partially overlap with patterns of brain regions affected by involuntary (i.e., experimenter-administered) ethanol administration. As an extension of studies mapping changes in neural activity after voluntary ethanol drinking, this study analyzed expression of the inducible transcription factor c-Fos after ethanol consumption in an operant procedure. METHODS AA (Alko alcohol) rats were trained to operantly respond for water, 0.2% saccharin, 0.2% saccharin/10% (w/v) ethanol, or 10% ethanol in a 30-min limited-access procedure. Animals were allowed to self-administer solutions for at least 40 ethanol response sessions and were killed 1.5 hr after beginning of the last session. Forty-seven brain regions were immunohistochemically analyzed for c-Fos expression. RESULTS In this paradigm, ethanol dose-dependently increased c-Fos expression in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) and decreased expression in the dorsal tenia tecta compared with no-ethanol controls. No effects of saccharin on c-Fos expression were found. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend previous findings of preferential sensitivity of EW to alcohol in voluntary self-administration procedures to operant responding for ethanol and warrant further investigation of ethanol's effects on the EW. The finding that ethanol attenuated c-Fos expression in the tenia tecta is novel. Taken together, these findings confirm that voluntary ethanol self-administration leads to changes in activity of a limited number of brain regions with previously unexamined roles in ethanol sensitivity and addiction.
Nuclear rDNA ITS-2 sequences reveal polyphyly of Panstrongylus species ( Hemiptera : Reduviidae : Triatominae ) , vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi

Panstrongylus pecies are widely distributed throughout the Americas, where they act as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi , agent of Chagas disease. Their intraspecific relationships, taxonomic position and phylogeny in relation to other Triatomini were explored using ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) sequence polymorphisms and maximum parsimony, distance and maximum likelihood analyses of 10 populations representing six species of the genus ( P. megistus , P. geniculatus , P. rufotuberculatus , P. lignarius, P. herreriand P. chinai). At the subspecific level, P. megistusappeared more homogeneous than P. rufotuberculatusandP. geniculatus(both with broader distribution). Several dinucleotide microsatellites were detected in the sequences of given species. Many of these microsatellites (GC, TA, GT and AT) showed different number of repeats in different populations and thus, may be very useful for population differentiation and dynamics analyses in future studies. The sequences of P. lignarius (considered sylvatic) and P. herreri (a major disease vector in Peru) were identical, suggesting that these species should be synonymised. Intrageneric analysis showed a clear separation of P. rufotuberculatus , with closest relationships between P. geniculatusandP. chinai, andP. megistusoccupying a separate branch. Genetic distances between Panstrongylusspecies (0.11585–0.22131) were higher than those between Panstrongylusand other Triatomini (16 species from central and North America and South America) (0.08617–0.11039). The distance between P. m gistusandP. lignarius/herreri (0.22131) was the largest so far recorded in the tribe. The pronounced differences in length and nucleotide composition suggest a relatively old divergence of Panstrongylusspecies.P. rufotuberculatuswas closer to Mesoamerican Triatoma, MeccusandDipetalogasterspecies than to other Panstrongylus . All Panstrongylusclustered with the Mesoamerican clade; P. rufotuberculatusclustered with thephyllosomacomplex and T. dimidiata, with D. maximaandT. barberi in a basal position. The rest of Panstrongylusappeared paraphyletically in the tree. This is evidence suggesting polyphyly within the genus Panstrongylus , whose species may be related to the ancestors giving rise to central and North American Triatomini. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Inter-turn short circuit stator fault identification for induction machines using computational intelligence algorithms

Under the umbrella of the Computational Intelligence (CI) the performance of a two algorithms: Particle swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO), when used for inter-turn short circuit stator winding fault of induction machine, is investigated in this paper. The proposed condition monitoring technique uses time domain terminal data in conjunction with the optimization algorithm and an induction machine model to indicate the presence of a fault and provide information about its nature and location. The proposed technique is evaluated using experimental data obtained from a 1.5 kW wound rotor three-phase induction machine. PSO and BFO are shown to be effective in identifying the type and location of the fault without the need for prior knowledge of various fault signatures.