Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTIONAL AND REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF THE BIGEYE THRESHER SHARK ( Alopias superciliosus ) IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN

1: Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmospher e (IPMA, I.P.). Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305 Olhão, Portugal. 2: Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR). University of Algarve, FCT Ed.7, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Fa ro, Portugal. 3: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administr ation, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA-NMFS ). Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Panama City Laboratory, P anama City, Florida 32408, USA. 4: Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), P.O. Bo x 130, 15080 A Coruña, Spain. 5: Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA ), Laboratorio de Recursos Pelágicos. CP 11200 Mont evideo, Uruguay. 6: National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisherie s (NRIFSF). 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-City Shizuoka 424 8633, Japan. *: Corresponding author: Rui Coelho; phone: (+351) 289 700 520; fax: (+351) 289 700 535; e-mail: rpcoe lh @ipma.pt DISTRIBUTIONAL AND REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF THE BIGEYE THRESHER SHARK (Alopias superciliosus) IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
9 The NBPF Gene Family

Neuroblastoma is one of the most intensely studied solid malignancies that affect children (Maris & Matthay, 1999). These tumours are heterogeneous biologically and clinically. One subset of neuroblastoma is susceptible to spontaneous apoptosis with little or no therapy and another subset differentiates over time, but most of these tumours are difficult to cure with current treatments. A relatively high proportion of affected children die due to resistance of the neuroblastoma to therapy (Van Roy et al., 2009). Every step in the identification or functional understanding of the genes that play important roles in this cancer could bring us closer to understanding the molecular mechanism and could help to develop more effective therapy. We will describe the novel NBPF gene family and its role in neuroblastoma. The NBPF gene family was originally identified by the disruption of one of its members in a neuroblastoma patient (Vandepoele et al., 2008). This gene was named NBPF1, for Neuroblastoma Breakpoint Family, member 1. Several reports indicate that the NBPF gene family might play an important role in neuroblastoma and possibly in other cancers as well. Additionally, this evolutionarily recent gene family has been involved as an important player in human evolution.
Studying the "Wisdom of Crowds" at Scale

In a variety of problem domains, it has been observed that the aggregate opinions of groups are often more accurate than those of the constituent individuals, a phenomenon that has been dubbed the “wisdom of the crowd”. However, due to the varying contexts, sample sizes, methodologies, and scope of previous studies, it has been difficult to gauge the extent to which conclusions generalize. To investigate this question, we carried out a large online experiment to systematically evaluate crowd performance on 1,000 questions across 50 topical domains. We further tested the effect of different types of social influence on crowd performance. For example, in one condition, participants could see the cumulative crowd answer before providing their own. In total, we collected more than 500,000 responses from nearly 2,000 participants. We have three main results. First, averaged across all questions, we find that the crowd indeed performs better than the average individual in the crowd—but we also find substantial heterogeneity in performance across questions. Second, we find that crowd performance is generally more consistent than that of individuals; as a result, the crowd does considerably better than individuals when performance is computed on a full set of questions within a domain. Finally, we find that social influence can, in some instances, lead to herding, decreasing crowd performance. Our findings illustrate some of the subtleties of the wisdom-of-crowds phenomenon, and provide insights for the design of social recommendation platforms.
Passive stiffness of the plantar flexion in relation to age and functional performance

Passive stiffness (Nm/ ◦ ) of the plantar flexors was measured during a passive stretch into dorsiflexion (DF) in 18 healthy female subjects (range 18-60 years old) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Passive stiffness of the ankle joint was measured at a short range of motion (from 10 ◦ of plantar flexion (PF) to 10 ◦ of DF), and at a full range of motion (from 10 ◦ PF to maximal DF for each individual) with a neutral EMG from a subset of four legs. The purpose of the study was to assess the variances in the measurements of passive stiffness of the calf muscle and to correlate passive stiffness to age and jumping ability. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.76) between the FRS and FRS test-retest. The methodological error for duplicate determinations was 7.7% for the SRS and 5.5% for the FRS. There was a significant correlation between age and the (FRS) full-range stiffness (r = 0.83). There was a significant negative correlation between age and jumping (r = �0.54). We conclude that the test model of passive stiffness used in the present study is a useful method with good reliability. The passive elastic properties of muscles and tendons might explain part of the muscle performance in functional tests with ageing. However, other qualities may influence performance as well.
How Does Monetary Policy A ect Income and Wealth Inequality ? Evidence from Quantitative Easing in the Euro Area February 14 , 2019

This paper evaluates the impact of quantitative easing on income and wealth of individual euro area households. We rst estimate the aggregate e ects in a VAR model with unemployment, wages, interest rates, house prices and stock prices. We then distribute the aggregate e ects across households using a reduced-form simulation on micro data, which captures the portfolio composition, the income composition and the earnings heterogeneity channels of transmission. The earnings heterogeneity channel is important: QE compresses the income distribution since many households with lower incomes become employed. In contrast, monetary policy has only negligible e ects on the Gini coe cient for wealth.
Regenerative Research 2 ( 1 ) 2013 14-22 IN VITRO CELL EXPANSION AND GROWTH KINETICS OF HUMAN BULBAR , FORNIX , AND PALPEBRAL CONJUNCTIVAL EPITHELIUM

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Thin fi lm iron pyrite deposited by hybrid sputtering / co-evaporation as a hole transport layer for sputtered CdS / CdTe solar cells

We report the properties of hybrid deposited iron pyrite (FeS2) thin films applied as the back contact interface layers of CdS/CdTe solar cells. The hybrid deposition process for FeS2 optimized in this study relies on DC magnetron sputtering of iron with simultaneous thermal evaporation of sulfur. We have fabricated solar cells incorporating CdS/CdTe window/absorber layers sputter-deposited onto commercial transparent conducting oxide coated glass and have compared the performance of devices incorporating the new FeS2/Cu/Au back contacts with that of standard devices incorporating Cu/Au back contacts. Considering our best devices of each type, the inclusion of the FeS2 thin film as a hole transport layer has improved the open circuit voltage VOC by 2.1%, reaching 817 mV, and the fill-factor FF by 8.3% relative, reaching 74.7%, in comparison with devices omitting the FeS2 layer. Under standard test conditions of 100 mA/cm 2 simulated AM1.5G and 25 °C, devices utilizing the FeS2 hole transport layer have shown a conversion efficiency η as high as 13.3% – a relative increase in η of ~10% over our current laboratory standard back contact. The attained FF exceeds previous results for high efficiency sputter-deposited CdS/CdTe solar cells.
Visual SLAM for Driverless Cars : A Brief Survey

This paper presents a brief survey of Visual SLAM methods in the context of urban ground vehicles. For this, we have reviewed relevant works, which present interesting ideas applicable to future designs of VSLAM schemes for urban scenarios. Our analysis aims to provide a global picture of stateof-the-art VSLAM systems, using a simple taxonomy based on an identified standard pipeline. This helps to show the global and consistent structure behind the different aspects that form these approaches. In addition, we also bring to the reader a set of useful tools, such as freely available code and datasets, that could help develop and test new VSLAM systems.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Copra Meal by Mannanase from Streptomyces sp . BF 3 . 1 for The Production of

Copra meal contained high polysaccharide mannan. Mannanase Streptomyces sp. BF3.1 efficiently hydrolyzed copra meal to mannooligosaccharides. This research determined the optimum conditions of enzyme mannanase Streptomyces sp. BF3.1 to hydrolyze copra meal. The results of the hydrolysis products were analyzed concentrations of reducing sugars, total sugars and the degree of polymerization. In order to determine the type of product, mannooligosaccharides were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The mannanase had an optimum condition at 70 °C and pH 6. Optimum conditions of hydrolysis was 10% copra meal concentration with incubation time of 5 h at 30 °C which able to produce a variety of mannooligosaccharides products. Under such conditions, the yield of reducing sugar was 3.83 mg/mL with polymerization degree of 4. Analysis of mannooligosaccharides by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography revealed mannobiose, mannotriose, mannotetrose, mannopentose, and mannoheksose.
A P ] 2 S ep 2 01 9 Nonlinear electrokinetics in nematic electrolytes

In this article we study a system of nonlinear PDEs modelling the electrokinetics of a nematic electrolyte material consisting of various ions species contained in a nematic liquid crystal. The evolution is described by a system coupling a Nernst-Planck system for the ions concentrations with a Maxwell’s equation of electrostatics governing the evolution of the electrostatic potential, a Navier-Stokes equation for the velocity field, and a non-smooth Allen-Cahn type equation for the nematic director field. We focus on the two-species case and prove apriori estimates that provide a weak sequential stability result, the main step towards proving the existence of weak solutions.
Trade Blocs and Trade Wars during the Interwar Period

What precisely were the causes and consequences of the trade wars in the 1930s? Were there perhaps deeper forces at work in reorienting global trade prior to the outbreak of World War II? And what lessons may this particular historical episode provide for the present day? To answer these questions, we distinguish between long-run secular trends in the period from 1920 to 1939 related to the formation of trade blocs (in particular, the British Commonwealth) and short-run disruptions associated with the trade wars of the 1930s (in particular, large and widespread declines in bilateral trade, the narrowing of trade imbalances, and sharp drops in average traded distances). We argue that the trade wars mainly served to intensify pre-existing efforts towards the formation of trade blocs which dated from at least 1920. More speculatively, we argue that the trade wars of the present day may serve a similar purpose as those in the 1930s, that is, the intensification of Chinaand US-centric trade blocs. JEL classification: F1, F3, N7
SEISMIC LOCATION CALIBRATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN , NORTH AFRICA , MIDDLE EAST , AND WESTERN

The goal of our Consortium’s work is to improve event location in the Mediterranean, North Africa, Middle East, and Western Eurasia by calibrating travel times used in the location process by the International Data Centre (IDC). We develop 3-D velocity models and compute predicted regional travel times using ray tracing. The Source-Specific Station Corrections (SSSCs), relative to the IASPEI91, are obtained for regional P and S phases within 20 degrees at each International Monitoring System (IMS) station. SSSCs and modeling errors can be applied in the IDC location process to improve event location in calibrated regions, as demonstrated in previous studies in Fennoscandia and North America (e.g. Yang et al., 2001). We perform validation tests of the SSSCs by comparing them with empirical corrections from cluster analyses and by relocating ground truth (GT) events that possess location accuracies better than 5 km (GT0-GT5). This three-year project, starting in 2000, is divided into two phases, and we are currently at the transition between the two. The 3-D models, SSSCs, and GT events developed in Phase 1 will be delivered to the Prototype IDC this year.
Screening of salmonella and Shigella from foodborne diarrheal cases in puducherry, India

Food borne diarrheal cases are increasingly reported in India. And other side an emerging of different antibiotics resistant pathogens being challenge for the treatment. Of this Salmonella and Shigella very commonly isolated in children and adults. On focus of these pathogens, study was framed which includes characterization and PCR confirmation of Salmonella and Shigella dysenteriae and antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates from human diarrheal cases reported in Puducherry. Altogether 50 diarrheal samples collected and subjected for this study. A total of three (6%) Salmonella isolates and five (10%) Shigella isolates were recovered. Recovered Salmonella serotype was of Salmonella typhimurium. Among the Shigella isolates four (8%) of Sh. dysenteriae and one (2%) identified as Sh. flexneri. Salmonella (invA) and Sh. dysenteriae (rfpB) genes were confirmed by PCR. Both the isolates were able to produce biofilm on slime production assay. Maximum sensitivity observed to chloramphenical, azithromycin and maximum resistant were against amoxicillin. This study clearly reveals the public health urgency of awareness on Salmonella and Shigella among the Pondicherry people.
Chinese basic lexicon from a diachronic perspective: implications for lexicostatistics and glottochronology

In this paper, I attempt to compare the relative rates of replacement of basic vocabulary items (from the 100-item Swadesh list) over four specific checkpoints in the history of the Chinese language: Early Old Chinese (as represented by documents such as The Book of Songs), Classic Old Chinese, Late Middle Chinese (represented by the language of The Record of Linji), and Modern Chinese. After a concise explication of the applied methodology and a detailed presentation of the data, it is shown that the average rates of replacement between each of these checkpoints do not significantly deviate from each other and are generally compatible with the classic «Swadesh constant» of 0.14 loss per millennium; furthermore, these results correlate with other similar observed situations, e.g. for the Greek language, though not with others (Icelandic). It is hoped that future similar studies on the lexical evolution of languages with attested written histories will allow to place these observations into a more significant context.
Realization, Postponement and Abandonment

This study investigates the realization of time-related positive fertility intentions using a comparative approach. Four European countries of medium size (two Western /the Netherlands and Switzerland/ and two post-communist /Hungary and Bulgaria/) with rather different fertility regimes are compared. Using four harmonized longitudinal panel surveys, it was possible to construct a typology of fertility intentions and outcomes, and to identify common patterns but also country differences with regard to influencing factors. Employing multinominal logistic regressions we unfold factors influencing realization of intentions, postponement and abandonment of future childbearing. Age, partnership status and education seem to influence the realization of fertility intention in the same way in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Hungary and Bulgaria. However, the effects of parity and religious denomination differ in the four studied countries.
Does Formality Improve Firm Performance ? Evidence from a Quasi-experiment in Mexico

In 2002, Mexico enacted a reform encouraging municipalities to simplify the procedures for registering a business. Earlier papers have shown, that the reform increased formalization; however, these studies lacked data on other firm outcomes. Taking advantage of a rich dataset of micro-enterprises (ENAMIN), this paper studies the effects of reducing registration costs on firm performance. We find that, on average, firm revenues increased more in municipalities that adopted the reform early on relative to municipalities that adopted the reform in future years. Evidence suggests that the main channel driving higher revenues is an increase in physical capital, which allowed for higher labor productivity. We also find that the capital increase is not financed by loans, suggesting that the widespread belief that firms formalize to obtain credit is not supported by the data. * Acknowledgements: I thank participants of the IDB brown bag seminar for useful comments and discussions. All remaining errors are my own.
Impact of Irrigation with Drainage Water on the Productivity of Forage Maize Grown on Calcareous Soil

Soil Salinity Department, Alexandria Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt 2 Institute of Environment Studies Research –Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Department of natural resources Evaluation, planning and development Environmental Studies and Researches Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat, Egypt Corresponding author S.A. E. Abdelrazek Email: Samad_saad@yahoo.com Received July 25, 2016, Accepted August 25, 2016 ABSTRACT
1 Zooplankton distribution and abundance in the austral Chilean channels

Before 1995, studies on zooplankton in the austral Chilean channels and fjords were carried out by foreign researchers and based on the results of oceanographic expeditions between Golfo Corcovado and Strait of Magellan. In the early 1970s, the R/V Hero (September-October 1972) cruise provided the first results on the faunal composition of copepods (Arcos, 1974, 1976; Marín & Antezana, 1985), euphausiids (Antezana, 1976), and chaetognaths (Ahumada, 1976). Years later, between 1980 and 1983, a cooperative project was developed between the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Servicio Nacional de Pesca de Chile (Chilean National Fisheries Service). This project was intended to introduce Pacific salmon into the southern Chilean channels and it included a study of the oceanographic conditions and zooplankton composition in Fiordo Aysén and adjacent waters, providing the first information on copepods in this area (Hirakawa, 1986, 1988).
4 LES : HOW LARGE IS LARGE ENOUGH ? ∗

From an analysis of the horizontal wind velocities Van der Hoven (1957) found a local minimum in the spectral energy at wavelengths in the mesoscale range. As such the concept of the ’spectral gap’ was introduced, which is supposed to separate small-scale turbulent fluctuations from the larger mesoscale and synoptic perturbations. In contrast to this simple picture various field experiments performed in both clear and cloudy boundary layers have shown that there can be a significant amount of variance present at the mesoscales (Nicholls and LeMone, 1980; Young, 1987). Although the vertical velocity spectrum usually has a peak at a length scale close to the boundary layer depth, for other quantities such as moisture, temperature, or the horizontal wind components significant mesoscale contributions were found in the spectra. Jonker et al. (1999) showed that the wavelength of the spectral peak of an arbitrary passive scalar in a convective boundary layer depends on the ratio of the surface and entrainment flux. This paper is a follow-up study of that paper. We will focus on the evolution of the length scale in clear convective and stratocumulustopped boundary layers. To this end we have performed a Large-Eddy Simulation on a large horizontal domain (25.6x.25.6x1.6 km), which is large enough to capture the mesoscale structures. We aim to show that turbulence is capable to generate variance of passive scalars at the mesoscales.
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND TAX REVENUE IN PAKISTAN

This study examines the empirical relationship between trade liberalization and tax revenue in Pakistan for the period 1982-2013. Estimation results based on ARDL model show that there exists positive relationship between trade liberalization and total tax revenue in Pakistan over the study period. The coefficient of lagged error term (ECMt–1) in short-run model is negative and significant suggesting speed of convergence to equilibrium. The coefficient (–0.3119) implies that deviation from the long-term equilibrium is corrected by 31.19% over one year. Sound and stable trade policy along with favourable environment are needed that promotes import of raw material, capital and intermediate goods which enhances trade in the country leading to enhancement of tax collection in Pakistan.
Selection of Head-Related Transfer Function through Ear Contour Matching for Personalized Binaural Rendering

In this work we porpose a novel approach to personalized binaural rendering through Head-Related Transfer Function based on feature extraction and feature matching of an ear picture. We show that with respect to usual Head-Related Transfer Function retrieving procedure, our methodology give the same results performing more then one order of magnitude faster. We propose an approach based on edge extraction for feature extraction and on Generalized Hough Transform for matching step. This two technique are widely used and largely documented. Since feature extraction approaches usually involves databases, and since our final goal was to retrieve an Head-Related Transfer Function, we choose one of the most used databases for HRTF reasearch purpose: the CIPIC database. Since our methodology involves human perception, a test methodoogy has been designed and perception tests has been performed to validate our theory.
The role of technological context in estimating the contribution of education to economic growth

This study reviews the literature to see how school education as a form of human capital investment has been treated in the empirical studies of its contribution to economic growth, and to highlight the importance of technological context in estimating the return to schooling using cross-country aggregate data. Results and arguments in the literature that seem to be inconsistent are presented in order to illustrate that a missing perspective leads to weak implications. That is, this review shows that introducing technological context is a key to improve the accuracy of the estimation and the implication to policy making.