Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GEOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING OF WEST CORNISH GREENSTONES AS AN AID TO PROVENANCING NEOLITHIC AXES

Of the large number of Neolithic stone axes made of greenstone, some 392 (referred to as Group 1 axes) are believed to have been manufactured in west Cornwall around the Mount's Bay area. To aid the location of the greenstone that provided the materials for the axes, geochemical fingerprinting of the axes and greenstone outcrops was undertaken in the Mount's Bay area to both discriminate the greenstone
Factors affecting breeding success of the Flea Bay white-flippered penguin (Eudyptula minor albosignata) colony

The little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor) is in decline throughout much of its range in New Zealand and Australia, largely due to introduced predators, human disturbance and roadkill mortalities. The whiteflippered penguin is a unique morphological variant of the blue penguin, which is traditionally given subspecific status (Eudyptula minor albosignata), and is found only on Banks Peninsula and Motunau Island in Canterbury, New Zealand. We monitored a varying number of nest boxes from 1996 to 2009. Overall breeding success was 64% over 13 years of monitoring, with a hatching success rate of 75% and a fledging success rate of 85%. We used a set of generalised linear mixed models and model selection to examine the relative influence of various explanatory variables on hatching, fledging and overall breeding success. Breeding success in nest boxes significantly increased with shorter average pair bond length, longer guard period and later relative lay date. Guard period length was the best predictor of breeding success, followed by relative lay date and average pair bond length. Hatching success also increased with later relative lay date but fledging success was not influenced by any of the explanatory variables measured.
Yield potential and fruit quality of scallop squash (Cucurbita pepo L. var. patissonina Greb. f. radiata Nois.) cultivars grown for processing

Scallop squash fruits may be harvested at different stages of development. Small size fruits, intended both for the fresh market and the food industry, have the highest biological value. This study was conducted to determine the yield potential of scallop squash cultivars (‘Polo F1’, ‘Disco’, ‘Gagat’, ‘Okra’, ‘Sunny Delight F1’) grown on mulched (black polyethylene foil or black agrotextile) or unmulched soil, and harvested when fruits reached a diameter of 3–6 cm. Based on 3-year average data, the highest marketable and early yield was produced by ‘Sunny Delight F1’. This cultivar is also appreciated by consumers for its yellow colored skin of fruits. Another advantage of this cultivar was its high nutritional value expressed by the highest content of dry matter, vitamin C, polyphenols and minerals (K, P, Ca, Mg), with limited tendency to nitrate accumulation. Among the other cultivars tested, ‘Okra’ showed high yield potential, ‘Gagat’ was a rich source of carotenoids, and ‘Disco’ – polyphenols. Black polyethylene foil and black agrotextile appeared to be equally effective mulching materials. The benefit from the application of mulch was a significant increase in yield without any change in the chemical composition of the fruit.
Uptake and biological response to zinc by the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana

The uptake and incorporation of zink by a Si-, Co- , and Zn starved Thalassiosira pseudonana culture was examined. Two experiments were conducted in which a pre-determined amount of a zinc sulfate solution and sodium metasilicate nonahydrate solution were delivered to an exponentially grown fed-batch algae culture yielding the wanted start concentrations in the medium. Experiment 1 and 2 had final zinc concentration of 8.3 μM (high dose) and 1.7 μM (low dose), respectively. The experiments were conducted in batch mode for 48 hours. Frequent sampling during the first part of the experiments were performed in order to examine the biological uptake of zinc and silicate. The biological response to zinc addition was followed throughout the experiment by measuring photo-physiological parameters (Ft og QY), organic carbon and nitrogen content, cell density, optical density, and nutrient concentrations (PO43- and NO2-). The concentration development of silicate and zinc was followed in the uptake assay samples through ICP-MS analysis. The structural and elemental composition of the diatom frustules were later examined through the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, respectively. The cellular zinc development followed a two-phase sorption process in which first phase consisted of rapid metal binding to cellular surfaces followed by a gradual desorption of zinc from the cells in the second phase. High initial pH-increase followed by precipitation of zinc as hydroxides is assumed to be the main reason explaining the observed sorption trend, explicitly through the attachment of particulate zinc to cellular surfaces. Other possible explanations are assigned to complexation of zinc by organic exudates excreted from actively photosynthesizing and growing cells. Reduced biological availability of zinc may have led to decreased metal uptake by the algae. However, a higher fraction of zinc was present in the experimental frustules as compared with frustules from untreated algae culture. The highest amount of zinc was detected in the low-dose experiment corresponding to a weight-fraction relative to silicate of 5.16% for the 24 h-sample and 0.146% for the 48 h-sample. Due to the high inter-sample difference in zinc fraction combined with possible sample-contamination from chemicals or equipment through the cleaning process (H2O2) used on the frustule samples from this experiment, these fractions are connected with high uncertainty. No explicit biological response to zinc addition was observed in the algae cultures in either of the two experiments, and the reduction of the photo-physiological condition observed by the end of the experiments were related to silicate-depletion of the culture medium.
Microchannel cooling : simulations and experiments

Single and two phase microchannel cooling is studied by models and experiments. For single phase cooling three models are discussed: a molecular dynamics model, a Monte Carlo method and a continuum model (CFD). Also microchannel cooling experiments with water and air as coolant are discussed. The experiments and the simulations show good agreement. A pulsating heat pipe is considered as an example of two phase cooling. A onedimensional model and experiments are compared. The trends are predicted well by the model. However, there is a large difference in absolute values between the model and the experiments. Therefore the model needs some modifications for the threedimensional phenomena that occur in the experiments.
Connecting biology with psychology to make sense of appetite control

Eating more than is required to maintain bodyweight is weakly resisted physiologically, as appetite does not closely track body energy balance. What does limit energy intake is the capacity of the gut to accommodate and process what is eaten. As the gut empties, we are ready to eat again. We typically refer to this absence of fullness as ‘hunger’, but in this state, even when it is prolonged (e.g. by missing one or two meals), our mental and physical performance is not compromised because body energy stores are mobilised to sustain energy supply to our brain and muscles. We illustrate this by discussing research on the effects of missing breakfast. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it appears that missing breakfast leads to a reduction in total daily energy intake and does not impair cognitive function (in adequately nourished individuals). The problem with missing a meal or eating smaller meals, however, is that we miss out on (some of) the pleasure of eating (food reward). In current studies, we are investigating how to offset the reduced reward value of smaller food portions, by, for example, altering flavour intensity, food variety and unit size, in order to maintain overall meal satisfaction and thereby reduce or eliminate subsequent compensatory eating.
Structure and Natural Regeneration Status of Woody Plants of Berbere Afromontane Moist Forest, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia; Implication to Biodiversity Conservation

The study was conducted on Berbere Forest in Bale Zone of Oromia Regional State, south east of Ethiopia with the objective of determining the structural analysis and natural regeneration status of the forest. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data. Seventy two nest quadrat sizes of 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m) for trees and shrubs were used. Within the main quadrat, two opposite side of each sub-quadrat of 25 m2 (5 m × 5 m) for sapling, 4 m2 (2 m × 2 m) for seedling of woody plants. The diameter and height were measured for all individual trees and shrubs having DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) ≥ 10 cm thick and ≥2 m height by using a diameter tape or caliper and clinometer respectively. For description and analysis of vegetation structure Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), basal area, tree density, height, frequency and important value index were used. Structural analysis of some selected tree species was revealed four different population patterns (bell shaped, inverted J-shaped, irregular and U-shaped). The total basal area of Berbere forest was 87.49 m2/ha, but most of the basal area was contributed by few large sized Moraceae family (Ficus vasta, Ficus ovate and Ficus thonningii) plant species. Analysis of regeneration status of woody plants in the forest showed 37.09% trees/shrubs species exhibited “good”, 19.35% showed “fair”, 6.45% showed “poor” and 25.81% trees/shrubs species were “not regenerating” at all and 11.29% trees/shrubs species were available only in sapling or seedling stage. Studies on the structure and regeneration of the forest indicated that there are species that require urgent conservation measures. Therefore, based on the results of this study, we recommended detail regenerating studies of seed bank in relation to various environmental factors such as soil type and properties.
Fear, worry, and ritualistic behaviour in childhood: developmental trends and interrelations

Previous studies of childhood fear, worry, and ritualistic behaviour have been limited by restricted age ranges, narrow ranges of anxiety phenomena, non-comparable methodologies, and assessment of typical behaviour within a pathological context. Content and intensity of fear, worry, and ritualistic behaviour, and associations among these variables, were assessed through a semi-structured interview individually administered to 142 children aged 7–16 years. Common themes in the content of fear, worry, and ritualistic behaviour varied predictably with age. Intensity ratings for all three phenomena decreased with age, although this decline was only significant between 7 and 10 years. Levels were higher in girls than boys. Fear and worry were positively related, and the regular performance of rituals was related to anxiety across the age range. Worry was more strongly related than fear to engagement in ritualistic behaviour. We consider implications for the understanding of anxiety and ritualistic behaviour in typical and atypical development. Copyright r 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of Stock Markets between Indonesia and Its Major Trading Partners

Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) frameworks, this study examines the integration between the emerging stock market of Indonesia and its major trading partners (i.e., Japan, the U.S., Singapore, and China). During the period of July 1998 to December 2007, the Indonesian stock market is found to be integrated with its major trading partners. Thus, this implies that there is a limited room available for investors to gain risk-reduction benefits through diversifying their portfolio in those markets. Meanwhile, in the short run, the Indonesian market responds more to shocks in the U.S. and Singapore than in Japan and China. In designing policies pertaining to its stock market, the Indonesian government should take into account any development in the stock markets of its major trading partners, particularly the U.S. and Singaporean markets.
Spatial variability of soil physical and chemical aspects in a Brazil nut tree stand in the Brazilian Amazon

The Brazil nut is considered one of the noblest trees of the Amazon biome and contains social, ecologic and economic importance to this region. The study of the spatial variance of the edaphic properties in native nut trees can direct future researches about more efficient samplings. The Geostatistics is the methodology utilized for this type of study, once that it considers the structural and random characteristics of a variable spatially distributed. This work sought to get a higher knowledge about the distribution of the nutrients in the soil, verifying the relationship with the occurrence of this species, to thereby provide subsidies to future forest management and maintenance/enlargement of the productivity in these areas. The soil samples were collected from 30 × 30 m on the line, in all of the lines in part of the study, totaling 60 samples. All of the points were georeferenced. The preparation of the samples for the sample preparation for the chemical analysis and the methods and calculations to determine the physicochemical variables studied were described by Nogueira and Souza (2005). The statistical and geostatistical analysis were conducted using the R computational environment, version 3.2. 2. Most of the studied variables presented defined level. For the physical variables, there was predominance of the adjustment to the model of the gaussian variogram, follower by the spherical model. In the case of the chemical variables, there were two occurrences for each adjustment model (spherical, exponential and gaussian). The variables that best presented spatial relation with the occurrence of Brazil nut trees were the silt, clay, macroporosity, pH, phosphorus, zinc and copper. Key words: Geostatistics, Brazil nut, soil, physical properties, chemical properties.
Surface characterization of NiTi modified by plasma source ion implantation

This paper reports the novel application of an oxygen ion plasma for surface modification of a shape memory alloy. The surface characterization of oxygen ion implanted Ti–50.7 at% Ni alloy samples was performed with the assistance of Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy techniques (TEM). TEM identified amorphous TiO 2 and crystalline phases of Ti 11Ni14 and Ti4Ni2Ox. XPS results reveal that the surfaces of control samples are covered with predominantly TiO 2 and traces of TiO and NiTi, as well as NiO and Ni2O3. At the surface of oxygen-implanted samples, however, only TiO 2 and trace amounts of Ni 2O3, NiO and NiTi were observed. TiO and NiO exist in much larger range than other oxides, and TiO extends to the oxide–metal interface. These results are especially noteworthy because of their implications for interpreting corrosion, wear, and biocompatibility behavior.  2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Influence of irrigation, row orientation and nitrogen on downy mildew of blond psyllium

Blond psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk.) suffers heavily from downy mildew caused by Peronospora alta Fuckel and produce systemic and non-systemic symptoms. The fungicides may be uneconomical or ineffective against the disease. The experiments were conducted to find out agronomic practices, which could be helpful in reducing infection of this disease. The combined effect of irrigation with nitrogen nutrition and row orientation with nitrogen nutrition on downy mildew infection, yield and seed quality (percentage of black seeds) of blond psyllium was evaluated.
Laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcers without omental patch versus conventional open surgery

Perforation of peptic ulcer usually presents as an acute abdomen. Nearly one third of the patients have no history of the disease. Initial symptoms of perforated duodenal or gastric ulcer include a severe and sudden onset abdominal pain that is worse in right upper quadrant and epigastrium and usually accompanied by vomiting and nausea. There is rapid generalization of pain and examination shows peritonitis with lack of bowel sounds. There is, however, disagreement as to the relative merits of non-operative treatment, simple closure, or a definitive acid-reduction procedure for perforated peptic ulcers. Non-operative treatment of perforated peptic ulcers was shown to be effective. However, the uncertainty in diagnosis, the potential delay for treatment in non-responders, and the unreliable response in elderly patients make it difficult to be applied to all clinical situations. Simple closure of the ABSTRACT
Bio-Efficacy of Three New Neonicotinoid Insectieides as Seed Treatment Against Four Early Sucking Pests of Cotton

The initial and residual efficacy of three neonicotinoides was studied as seed treatment at two rates 2.45 and 4.9 g a- i /kg seed against four early season sucking pests (Thrips tabaci, Aphis gossypii, Empoasca spp., Bemisia tabaci, adult and immatures). Data obtained revealed that no insecticide tested as seed treatment provided 100% reduction at the tested rates against the four sucking pests. On the other hand, imidacloprid (Gaucho) seemed to be more effective than the two Thiamethoxam formulations (Cruiser and Actara) and exhibited excellent initial reduction within the 2 week post treatment, evoking remarkably high reduction nd reached 89.9, 90.5, 100, 95, 96.3% for thrips, aphis jassid, whitefly adult and immature, respectively when applying the recommended rate. Late on, Gaucho exhibited satisfactory residual effectiveness and recorded an overall average reduction after 8 weeks reached 65.3, 53.7, 48.1, 64.2 and 75% for the prementioned sucking pests, respectively.
Corrigendum to “Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Fractional Volterra Integro-Differential Equations via Bernoulli Polynomials”

and Applied Analysis 3 approximate the solution y(x) by the truncated Bernoulli series y N (x) = ∑ N n=0 c n B n (x). Moreover, we use Legendre Gauss collocation nodes and also the LegendreGauss quadrature rule for approximating the existing integrals. Then, the basic equation (1) will be transformed to a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. The solutions of this algebraic system are c 0 , c 1 , . , c N . Therefore, an approximate solution of (1) will be obtained in the form y N (x) = ∑ N n=0 c n B n (x). Before presenting our main idea, we provide the Caputo fractional derivative representation of y N (x) in the following lemma. Lemma 6. Let y(x) be approximated by the Bernoulli polynomials as y N (x) = ∑ N n=0 c n B n (x) and also suppose that α > 0; then
Perspectives on Improving Teaching in Canadian Universities.

As a result of increasing concerns about the quality of higher education in Canada, many universities have implemented programs and policies aimed at improving teaching. This study examines the perceptions of those individuals who are primarily responsible for teaching improvement activities at fifty-one Canadian degree-granting institutions. Respondents indicated the potential of each of thirty-six practices to improve teaching at their respective institutions. The findings reveal a widespread belief that the greatest teaching improvement potential lies in the provision of incentives to faculty in the form of employment rewards (appointment, tenure, promotion). The role of department heads, deans, and senior administrators in creating an institutional culture which encourages effective instruction is also seen as an important component of a teaching-improvement strategy. Other areas considered include activities and support structures which provide opportunities for faculty to develop their teaching abilities. Practices which seek to evaluate instruction for the purposes of making personnel decisions were seen as having the least potential to improve teaching.
Options Illiquidity: Determinants and Implications for Stock Returns

We study the determinants of options illiquidity measured with relative bid-ask spreads of intraday transactions for S&P 500 firms over an extended time period. We find that market makers' hedging costs significantly impact options illiquidity with the future rebalancing cost dominating the initial delta-hedging cost. Inventory demand pressure and adverse selection also contribute to variations in options illiquidity, with the latter effect intensifying around information events. We find option-induced order flows predict their underlying returns only when options illiquidity simultaneously increases. This suggests that shocks to options illiquidity help distinguish abnormal order flows that contain private information from those induced by liquidity trading. We show a simple strategy that uses high-option-illiquidity stocks and yields 16.5% in risk-adjusted returns per year.
Learning Student Networks via Feature Embedding

Deep convolutional neural networks have been widely used in numerous applications, but their demanding storage and computational resource requirements prevent their applications on mobile devices. Knowledge distillation aims to optimize a portable student network by taking the knowledge from a well-trained heavy teacher network. Traditional teacher–student-based methods used to rely on additional fully connected layers to bridge intermediate layers of teacher and student networks, which brings in a large number of auxiliary parameters. In contrast, this article aims to propagate information from teacher to student without introducing new variables that need to be optimized. We regard the teacher–student paradigm from a new perspective of feature embedding. By introducing the locality preserving loss, the student network is encouraged to generate the low-dimensional features that could inherit intrinsic properties of their corresponding high-dimensional features from the teacher network. The resulting portable network, thus, can naturally maintain the performance as that of the teacher network. Theoretical analysis is provided to justify the lower computation complexity of the proposed method. Experiments on benchmark data sets and well-trained networks suggest that the proposed algorithm is superior to state-of-the-art teacher–student learning methods in terms of computational and storage complexity.
THE PHYSICS OF QUANTUM INFORMATION: COMPLEMENTARITY, UNCERTAINTY, AND ENTANGLEMENT

Complementarity is one of the central mysteries of quantum mechanics, dramatically illustrated by the wave-particle duality in Young's double-slit experiment, and famously regarded by Feynman as "impossible, absolutely impossible to describe classically, [and] which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics" (emphasis original). 1 The overarching goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that complementarity is also at the heart of quantum information theory, that it allows us to make (some) sense of just what information "quantum information" refers to, and that it is useful in understanding and constructing quantum information processing protocols.
Seismic Effectiveness of Piezoelectric Friction Fampers for Peak Response Reduction of Building Structures

The performance of a piezoelectric friction damper (PFD) and a semi-active control algorithm was evaluated with a 1⁄4-scale, 3-story building model that was subjected to four earthquake ground motions of various intensities. For shake table tests, the damper was installed between the first floor of the building and the shake table. Both numerical and experimental results indicated that the proposed control strategy can effectively suppress the structural vibration equally under weak and strong earthquakes. It was found that a semi-active PFD with slight saturation is beneficial to the mitigation of building responses while significant saturation tends to degrade the performance of the control strategy. Further improvement in force generation efficiency of the PFD would likely make it competitive with other representative semiactive control devices.