Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Internet-Based Self-Testing Model (Easy Test): Cross-Sectional Survey Targeting Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Never Tested for HIV in 14 Provinces of China

Background With China’s explosive internet growth, activities such as socializing and partner seeking among men who have sex with men (MSM) has also become Web based through popular services such as Blued. This creates a new mode of health promotion with the potential to instantly reach large numbers of MSM, including those who rarely access traditional offline testing facilities. Objective This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the Easy Test in increasing access and uptake of HIV testing and treatment services among MSM and to identify demographic and behavioral predictors of program uptake to inform future implementation. Methods A feasibility study of the Easy Test model was conducted from October 2017 to December 2017 in 14 Chinese provinces. Applicants who provided informed consent completed a self-administered questionnaire and submitted a US $5 deposit to have the free test kit delivered to their homes. Orders were then received, processed, and posted by volunteers from local community-based organizations. Once applicants submitted images of their test results, the deposit was refunded to the applicant. Those whose test results were deemed to be HIV-positive were then connected to a peer navigator to accompany the individual to follow-up medical services. A chi-squared trend test was used to assess the relationship between lifetime HIV testing volume and HIV prevalence. Logistic regression models were used to identify independent risk factors associated with two outcomes: (1) never having tested for HIV and (2) receiving an HIV-positive result. Results A total of 879 individuals submitted Web-based requests for test kits. Their median age was 28 (interquartile range 24-34 years); 69.3% (609/879) had at least a college education, and 51.5% (453/879) had a monthly income between US $450 to $750; 77.7% (683/879) of the applicants submitted images of their test results, among whom 14.3% (98/683) had an HIV-positive result. Among the 42.9% (293/683) who were first-time testers, the HIV prevalence was 18.8% (55/293). Nearly three-quarters (71/98, 72.4%) of those with a positive test result were connected with a peer navigator and enrolled in treatment. Among the first-time testers, having multiple sexual partners (2-3 sexual partners: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.44, 95% CI 1.08-5.50; 4 or above sexual partners: aOR 3.55, 95% CI 1.18-10.68) and reporting inconsistent condom use in the previous 3 months (aOR 7.95, 95% CI 3.66-17.26) were both associated with an HIV-positive result. An inverse dose response relationship between lifetime HIV testing volume and HIV prevalence was also observed in this study (χ23=55.0; P<.001). Conclusions The Easy Test model reached a larger portion of first-time testers, many who reported higher risk sexual behaviors. This highlights the potential for an internet-based self-test model to increase access to HIV treatment services for HIV-positive MSM in China.
Transmission of a New Polerovirus Infecting Pepper by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

The high specificity of virus-vector interactions limits the possibility of a given virus changing vectors. Our report describes a new virus from a family of viruses strictly transmitted by aphids which is now transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and not by aphids. This report presents the first description of polerovirus transmission by whiteflies. Whiteflies are highly resistant to insecticides and disperse over long distances, carrying virus inoculum. Thus, the report of such unusual polerovirus transmission by a supervector has extensive implications for the epidemiology of the virus disease, with ramifications concerning the international trade of agricultural commodities. ABSTRACT Many animal and plant viruses depend on arthropods for their transmission. Virus-vector interactions are highly specific, and only one vector or one of a group of vectors from the same family is able to transmit a given virus. Poleroviruses (Luteoviridae) are phloem-restricted RNA plant viruses that are exclusively transmitted by aphids. Multiple aphid-transmitted polerovirus species commonly infect pepper, causing vein yellowing, leaf rolling, and fruit discoloration. Despite low aphid populations, a recent outbreak with such severe symptoms in many bell pepper farms in Israel led to reinvestigation of the disease and its insect vector. Here we report that this outbreak was caused by a new whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted polerovirus, which we named Pepper whitefly-borne vein yellows virus (PeWBVYV). PeWBVYV is highly (>95%) homologous to Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) from Israel and Greece on its 5′ end half, while it is homologous to African eggplant yellows virus (AeYV) on its 3′ half. Koch's postulates were proven by constructing a PeWBVYV infectious clone causing the pepper disease, which was in turn transmitted to test pepper plants by B. tabaci but not by aphids. PeWBVYV represents the first report of a whitefly-transmitted polerovirus. IMPORTANCE The high specificity of virus-vector interactions limits the possibility of a given virus changing vectors. Our report describes a new virus from a family of viruses strictly transmitted by aphids which is now transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and not by aphids. This report presents the first description of polerovirus transmission by whiteflies. Whiteflies are highly resistant to insecticides and disperse over long distances, carrying virus inoculum. Thus, the report of such unusual polerovirus transmission by a supervector has extensive implications for the epidemiology of the virus disease, with ramifications concerning the international trade of agricultural commodities.
Enhanced quality metrics for assessing RNA derived from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues provide an important resource for toxicogenomic research. However, variability in the integrity or quality of RNA obtained from archival FFPE specimens can lead to unreliable data and wasted resources, and standard protocols for measuring RNA integrity do not adequately assess the suitability of FFPE RNA. The main goal of this study was to identify improved methods for evaluating FFPE RNA quality for whole genome sequencing. We examined RNA quality metrics conducted prior to RNA-sequencing in paired frozen and FFPE samples with varying levels of quality based on age in block and time in formalin. RNA quality was measured by the RNA integrity number (RIN), a modified RIN called the paraffin-embedded RNA metric (PERM), the percentage of RNA fragments >100-300 nucleotides in size (DV100-300), and two quantitative PCR-based methods. This information was correlated to sequencing read quality, mapping, and gene detection. Among fragmentation-based methods, DV and PCR-based metrics were more informative than RIN or PERM in determining sequencing success. Across low- and high-quality FFPE samples, a minimum of 80% of RNA fragments >100 nucleotides (DV100>80) provided the best indication of gene diversity and read counts upon sequencing. The PCR-based methods further showed quantitative reductions in amplifiable RNA of target genes related to sample age and time in formalin that inform input quantity of FFPE RNA for sequencing. These results should aid in screening and prioritizing archival FFPE samples for retrospective analyses of gene expression.
Reduced autobiographical memory specificity affects general distress through poor social support

ABSTRACT Sharing specific autobiographical events is likely to influence the support people give us; a person who shares little detail of their lives may be unlikely to attract social support and this may in turn contribute towards anxious and depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 142) reported memories evoked by negative and positive cue words and these memories were coded for whether or not they referred to a specific event lasting less than 24 h. At this time (T1) and one year later (T2), participants also completed the UCLA Life Stress Interview (LSI), which includes a measure of social support, and measures of depression and anxiety comprising a general distress latent construct. The tendency to recall fewer specific memories was associated with lower social support given by friends and romantic partners and this was in turn associated with elevated general distress at T2, even when accounting for T1 social support and general distress. Our findings contribute to the literature regarding the social function of memory and suggest another route via which reduced specificity contributes to emotional disorders.
Socio-demographic and behavioral correlates of health literacy: a gender perspective in Ghana

ABSTRACT Relatively little research has been conducted on the place of health literacy (HL) as an essential mechanism to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal for gender equality (SDG 5) or to enhance its role in SDG 3, good health and well-being, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The present analyses examined the role of socio-economic, health and behavioral factors associated with HL among men and women in the Ashanti Region of Ghana using a cross-sectional design and data collected from 779 rural and urban residents from June 2015 to October 2015. HL was higher among men. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, income and education were positively associated with HL for both men and women. Ethnicity showed a positive relationship with HL among men, while religious affiliation was associated with HL of overall population. Smoking was negatively associated with HL among men. Among women, self-reported health was positively associated with HL but having health insurance was inversely related. These gender differences may be due to dominant male gender roles and differing expectations and opportunities for socio-economic advancement for men and women. An inter-disciplinary approach is suggested for understanding and improving HL in both genders and especially in women, given their current low HL.
Antenatal assessment and postnatal outcome of fetal echogenic lung lesions: a decade’s experience at a tertiary referral hospital

Abstract Introduction: Fetal echogenic lung lesions (ELL) are the commonest pulmonary pathology diagnosed on antenatal sonography, and include congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) and bronchopulmonary sequestrations. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive utility of the CPAM volume ratio (CVR) at presentation in a series of fetuses with ELLs at a tertiary Australian referral hospital. Material and methods: Retrospective cohort study of all pregnancies with a prenatal diagnosis of an isolated fetal echogenic lung lesion managed at the Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia, between 2005 and 2015. Data were obtained from electronic ultrasound image databases and medical records. Results: Sixty-five cases were included in the final analysis. The mean gestation at presentation was 22 weeks and 6 d, and the mean CVR was 0.66. Hydrops was evident in four cases at presentation, and did not develop subsequently in any other case. Significant perinatal concerns – fetal/neonatal demise, hydrops, requirement for neonatal intubation/ventilation, or surgery in the first year of life – did not occur with or following a CVR at presentation of <0.45. The survival rate at 1 year was 95%. Discussion: The CVR is a potentially useful tool to assess all fetal ELLs, and not just those presumed to be CPAMs. A CVR at presentation of <0.45 was associated with favourable outcomes.
Histidine‐rich glycoprotein ameliorates endothelial barrier dysfunction through regulation of NF‐κB and MAPK signal pathway

Microvascular barrier breakdown is a hallmark of sepsis that is associated with sepsis‐induced multiorgan failure. Histidine‐rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 75‐kDa plasma protein that was demonstrated to improve the survival of septic mice through regulation of cell shape, spontaneous ROS production in neutrophils, and adhesion of neutrophils to vascular endothelial cells. We investigated HRG's role in the LPS/TNF‐α‐induced barrier dysfunction of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo and the possible mechanism, to clarify the definitive roles of HRG in sepsis.
Attacking the obesity epidemic: the potential health benefits of providing nutrition information in restaurants.

OBJECTIVES Requiring restaurants to present nutrition information on menus is under consideration as a potential way to slow the increasing prevalence of obesity. Using a survey methodology, we examined how accurately consumers estimate the nutrient content of typical restaurant meals. Based on these results, we then conducted an experiment to address how the provision of nutrition information on menus influences purchase intentions and reported preferences. METHODS For both the survey and experiment, data were analyzed using analysis of variance techniques. RESULTS Survey results showed that levels of calories, fat, and saturated fat in less-healthful restaurant items were significantly underestimated by consumers. Actual fat and saturated fat levels were twice consumers' estimates and calories approached 2 times more than what consumers expected. In the subsequent experiment, for items for which levels of calories, fat, and saturated fat substantially exceeded consumers' expectations, the provision of nutrition information had a significant influence on product attitude, purchase intention, and choice. CONCLUSIONS Most consumers are unaware of the high levels of calories, fat, saturated fat, and sodium found in many menu items. Provision of nutrition information on restaurant menus could potentially have a positive impact on public health by reducing the consumption of less-healthful foods.
Current Status of and Perspectives on Cervical Cancer Screening in Korea

Since the introduction of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear system in 1943, cervicovaginal cytology has been used as a standard screening test for cervical cancer. The dissemination of this test contributed to reductions of the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer worldwide. In Korea, regular health check-ups for industrial workers and their family members were introduced in 1988 and were performed as part of the National Cancer Screening Program in 1999. As a result, the incidence of cervical cancer in Korea has been steadily decreasing. However, about 800 cases of cervical cancer-related deaths are reported each year due to false-negative test results. Hence, new screening methods have been proposed. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) was introduced in 1996 to overcome the limitations of conventional Pap smears. Since then, other LBC methods have been developed and utilized, including the human papilloma virus test—a method with higher sensitivity that requires fewer screenings. In this study, we review current issues and future perspectives related to cervical cancer screening in Korea.
Radiogenomics Consortium Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of Late Toxicity After Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy

Abstract Background A total of 10%–20% of patients develop long-term toxicity following radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Identification of common genetic variants associated with susceptibility to radiotoxicity might improve risk prediction and inform functional mechanistic studies. Methods We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis of six genome-wide association studies (n = 3871) in men of European ancestry who underwent radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Radiotoxicities (increased urinary frequency, decreased urinary stream, hematuria, rectal bleeding) were graded prospectively. We used grouped relative risk models to test associations with approximately 6 million genotyped or imputed variants (time to first grade 2 or higher toxicity event). Variants with two-sided Pmeta less than 5 × 10−8 were considered statistically significant. Bayesian false discovery probability provided an additional measure of confidence. Statistically significant variants were evaluated in three Japanese cohorts (n = 962). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Meta-analysis of the European ancestry cohorts identified three genomic signals: single nucleotide polymorphism rs17055178 with rectal bleeding (Pmeta = 6.2 × 10−10), rs10969913 with decreased urinary stream (Pmeta = 2.9 × 10−10), and rs11122573 with hematuria (Pmeta = 1.8 × 10−8). Fine-scale mapping of these three regions was used to identify another independent signal (rs147121532) associated with hematuria (Pconditional = 4.7 × 10−6). Credible causal variants at these four signals lie in gene-regulatory regions, some modulating expression of nearby genes. Previously identified variants showed consistent associations (rs17599026 with increased urinary frequency, rs7720298 with decreased urinary stream, rs1801516 with overall toxicity) in new cohorts. rs10969913 and rs17599026 had similar effects in the photon-treated Japanese cohorts. Conclusions This study increases the understanding of the architecture of common genetic variants affecting radiotoxicity, points to novel radio-pathogenic mechanisms, and develops risk models for testing in clinical studies. Further multinational radiogenomics studies in larger cohorts are worthwhile.
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine

Afshan Shirkavand, PhD, 1 Shirin Farivar, PhD, Ezeddin Mohajerani, PhD,* Leila Ataie‐Fashtami, MD, and Mohammad H. Ghazimoradi, MSc POMP Lab, Photonics Department, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran Genetics, Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran Department of Regenerative Medicine, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
STRESS‐Responsive Deacetylase SIRT3 is Up‐Regulated by Areca Nut Extract‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Oral Keratinocytes

Areca chewing is an important environmental risk factor for development of oral premalignant lesions and cancer. Epidemiological evidence indicates that areca chewing is tightly linked to oral carcinogenesis. However, the pathogenetic impacts of areca nut extract (ANE) on normal human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) are unclear and possibly involve oxidative stress via redox imbalance. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a member of the sirtuin family of proteins that play an important role in regulating cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Recent studies have confirmed that ANE and other areca ingredients can induce ROS. In this study, we examined the role of SIRT3 in the regulation of ANE‐induced ROS in HOK cells. We examined HOK cell viability following treatment with various ANE concentrations. ANE‐induced cytotoxicity increased in a dose‐dependent manner and was approximately 48% at a concentration of 50 μg/ml after 24 h. SIRT3 expression and enzyme activity were up‐regulated in HOK cells by ANE‐induced oxidative stress. Additionally, we identified that SIRT3 controls the enzymatic activity of mitochondrial proteins, such as forkhead box O3a (Foxo3a) transcription factor and antioxidant‐encoding gene superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), by deacetylation in HOK cells. Moreover, SIRT3‐mediated deacetylation and activation of Foxo3a promotes nuclear localization in vivo. These findings suggest that SIRT3 is an endogenous negative regulator in response to ANE‐induced oxidative stress and demonstrate an essential role for redox balance in HOK cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 328–339, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Economic Evaluation of an Internet-Based Stress Management Intervention Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Work-related stress is widespread among employees and associated with high costs for German society. Internet-based stress management interventions (iSMIs) are effective in reducing such stress. However, evidence for their cost-effectiveness is scant. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of a guided iSMI for employees. Methods A sample of 264 employees with elevated symptoms of perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale≥22) was assigned to either the iSMI or a waitlist control condition (WLC) with unrestricted access to treatment as usual. Participants were recruited in Germany in 2013 and followed through 2014, and data were analyzed in 2017. The iSMI consisted of 7 sessions plus 1 booster session. It was based on problem-solving therapy and emotion regulation techniques. Costs were measured from the societal perspective, including all direct and indirect medical costs. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis and a cost-utility analysis relating costs to a symptom-free person and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, respectively. Sampling uncertainty was handled using nonparametric bootstrapping (N=5000). Results When the society is not willing to pay anything to get an additional symptom-free person (eg, willingness-to-pay [WTP]=€0), there was a 70% probability that the intervention is more cost-effective than WLC. This probability rose to 85% and 93% when the society is willing to pay €1000 and €2000, respectively, for achieving an additional symptom-free person. The cost-utility analysis yielded a 76% probability that the intervention is more cost-effective than WLC at a conservative WTP threshold of €20,000 (US $25,800) per QALY gained. Conclusions Offering an iSMI to stressed employees has an acceptable likelihood of being cost-effective compared with WLC. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00004749; https://www.drks. de/DRKS00004749 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/1471-2458-13-655
Teaching Spanish to pediatric emergency physicians: effects on patient satisfaction.

BACKGROUND Language barriers are known to negatively affect patient satisfaction. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a course of instruction in medical Spanish for pediatric emergency department (ED) physicians is associated with an increase in satisfaction for Spanish-speaking-only families. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTION Nine pediatric ED physicians completed a 10-week medical Spanish course. Mock clinical scenarios and testing were used to establish an improvement in each physician's ability to communicate with Spanish-speaking-only families. Before (preintervention period) and after (postintervention period) the course, Spanish-speaking-only families cared for by these physicians completed satisfaction questionnaires. Professional interpreters were equally available during both the preintervention and postintervention periods. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Responses to patient family satisfaction questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 143 Spanish-speaking-only families completed satisfaction questionnaires. Preintervention (n = 85) and postintervention (n = 58) cohorts did not differ significantly in age, vital signs, length of ED visit, discharge diagnosis, or self-reported English proficiency. Physicians used a professional interpreter less often in the postintervention period (odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16-0.71). Postintervention families were significantly more likely to strongly agree that "the physician was concerned about my child" (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2), "made me feel comfortable" (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4), "was respectful" (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4-6.5), and "listened to what I said" (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-5.9). CONCLUSIONS A 10-week medical Spanish course for pediatric ED physicians was associated with decreased interpreter use and increased family satisfaction.