Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Unemployment on Young People in the Jordanian Community: A Case Study from Unemployed Perspective

The study aimed at identifying the social and psychological effects resulted from unemployment on the youth in the Jordanian community from their own perspective and their future attitudes. In addition it aimed to identify the social roles of the youth which are affected by the different problems they are exposed to because of lack of chances of work which made them anxious, depressed and fear of doing any specific work and being unable to change their life track to the best The objectives of the study were achieved through the instrument of the study which was distributed on the sample of the study. It consisted of (50) unemployed persons. The effects of the unemployment were studied in different areas represented such effects on the social life and the psychological problems of the youth, in addition to such effects on the roles of the youth in the community the findings related to the effect of the unemployment on the social problem that face the youth indicated that the delay of marriage age is the most prominent social problem. As for the psychological problems, the findings showed that the hostility feeling is the worst feeling those persons have within their community especially when comparing themselves with those who work. Finally, as for the roles of the youth, the participants showed that the unemployment causes confusion and disability of doing their own roles in the future. There were no statistically significant differences attributed to the demographic variables on the answers of the participants in all domains of the study Keywords: unemployment, youth, social problems, unemployment and the youth.
Information-Driven Trading at the Prague Stock Exchange: Evidence from Intra-Day Data

Many observers argue that informed and insider trading is widespread in the emerging financial markets of transition countries, yet rigorous treatment of this issue has been virtually non-existent. The current paper estimates the extent of informed trading on the Prague Stock Exchange (PSE) using intra-day transaction data. Our estimates confirm that the average share of informed trading is equal to 0.32, which is high relative to developed markets and varies considerably among stocks. Using the Easley et al. (1996) approach on the very best segment of the PSE we obtained a high average probability of informed trading. Since data used in this study covers the period after the major attempts to improve market regulations, our results indicate that the PSE needs further strengthening to recover credibility and to become a real source of corporate financing.
Estimating Daughter Yield Deviation and Validation of Genetic Trend for Somatic Cell Score in Holstein Cattle Using Random Regression Test Day Model

The objective of this study was to estimate Daughter Yield Deviations (DYDs) of bulls and Yield Deviations (YDs) for cows using a random regression model and validation of genetic trend using estimated DYDs and Method II of Interbull for test-day records of Somatic Cell Score (SCS) in the first lactation of Iranian Holsteins. Data set included the 108995 test day records collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran from 2001 to 2010. Results of the present study indicated that variation in YDs of cows at different stages of lactation corresponds closely with their Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs). Because YDs and DYDs are considered as an additional measure of an animal’s genetic merit, their correlation with EBVs is very important. The correlation between DYDs and EBVs of bulls for SCS was 0.88. High correlation estimates between DYDs and EBVs indicated that, in addition to EBV, the DYD can be an appropriate measure for dairy cattle breeding programs. The correlation increased with increase in the number of bull daughters and the average number of test-days of daughters. Estimated DYDs for each production year were used to validate the genetic trend obtained from the model which was used for genetic evaluation. Results indicated that genetic trend for SCS in the first lactation of Iranian Holsteins was slightly overestimated.
Integration of AFTA and (U-Th)/He Thermochronology to Enhance the Resolution and Precision of Thermal History Reconstruction in the Anglesea-1 Well, Otway Basin, SE Australia

Apatite fission track analysis and vitrinite reflectance studies of the Otway Basin (Southeastern Australia) have revealed numerous mid-Cretaceous, mid-Tertiary and Late Tertiary tectono-thermal events, reflecting both temporal variation in basal heat flow and episodes of deeper burial and subsequent exhumation. In particular, results from the Anglesea-1 well reveal two dominant paleo-thermal episodes with cooling beginning from maximum paleotemperatures in the mid-Cretaceous and from a lower paleo-thermal peak in the Tertiary. The timing of this more recent cooling episode is relatively poorly defined, due to a combination of factors including the virtual absence of the more sensitive fluorinerich apatites in samples from Early Cretaceous Otway Group volcanogenic sediments. The unique low temperature sensitivity of apatite (U-Th)/He dating offers the potential to define the timing of this more recent cooling episode with greater precision. Using a thermal history framework provided by AFTA and VR data, comparison of modelled (U-Th)/He ages for a range of viable scenarios with measured ages allows refinement of the onset of Late Tertiary cooling to the interval 12‐7 Ma. This timing correlates closely with a regional Late Miocene unconformity, long recognised but recently documented in some detail. Integration of (U-Th)/He dating with AFTA and VR provides increased precision in the timing of low temperature paleo-thermal episodes, and in resulting thermal history reconstructions, in turn allowing improved definition of the thermal evolution of potential hydrocarbon source rocks. Application of these techniques can significantly reduce exploration risk by focussing on regions where hydrocarbon generation post-dates structuring.
Involvement and Loyalty in Recreation Swimming in Greece: Investigating Relationships

Present study tested the validity of involvement scale (Kyle et al., 2004), examined differences according demographic characteristics and investigated possible relationships between involvement and attitudinal loyalty in context of recreational swimming. Three hundred and forty nine participants (61.9% females) from a major swimming sport center in northern Greece, completed the three dimensional involvement model of Kyle’s et al (2004), and Armitage & Conner’s (1999) attitudinal loyalty’s instrument. Demographics of the sample and frequency of participation were also recorded. The results indicated high differences (p<.01) between dimensions of involvement and the frequency of participation levels supporting the predictive validity of the scale. Female subgroup and married subgroup scored significantly higher in all involvement dimensions (attraction, centrality, self-expression) than males and singles respectively. Significant statistical differences existed also between involvement dimensions and age subgroups. Finally, involvement concept only partially (centrality, β=.13 and attraction, β=.47 dimensions) predicted swimmers loyalty (p<.001). Marketing implications are discussed toward the development of appropriate promotion strategies from sport managers toward overcoming swimmer’s needs and broadening participants
RESPONSE OF PHOSPHORUS AND MOLYBDENUM ON YIELD AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS OF INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L. CZERN & COSS)

The oilseeds scenario in India has undergone a significant change in recent years. Present study suggests that increasing doses of P (upto 60kg/ha) and Mo (upto 4kg/ha) directly influence the yield and yield attributing parameters of mustard. Significant correlation was observed among number of siliquae per plant, Primary/ Secondary/ Tertiary branches, No. of siliquae/ No. of seed per siliqua, yield and oil content by different doses of P and Mo. P and Mo levels did not affect Siliqua length, Protein content and other biochemical characters significantly. Among fatty acids saturated fatty acids varies between 3.11-4.10%, whereas, unsaturated fatty acids between 4.32-48.45%.
Impact of Health Intervention on Nutritional status of Malnourished Children in an Urban slum of India

Background: India has made huge strides in the past decades in warding off the spectre of famine. The Green Revolution should have gone a long way to tackling child malnutrition, Norman Borlaug’s creation of dwarf spring wheat strains in the 1960s meant that India could feed itself at last. Better farming techniques and food security policies have made mass starvation a thing of the past. Yet the problem of child malnutrition remains critical, and the reasons it deserves concerted attention are many. Methods: The present study was carried out to assess the impact of health intervention (health and nutritional education) on nutritional status of children attending Anganwadi in Rafiq nagar Mumbai. A longitudinal interventional study was conducted at Rafiq Nagar urban slum. All children below 6 years of age attending 6 Anganwadis were included. The information was gathered by personal interview of mothers using semi-structured proformas. Results: Out of 194 children 93 (47.9%) were males. According to WHO malnutrition grading, 59.8% children were malnourished and only 90 (46.4%) were completely immunized. Malnutrition was prevalent in the age group of 1-2 years. Improvement in weights and heights of children was seen after health intervention for 6 months. Conclusion: Appropriate dietary modifications have to be done to ensure the increased calorie & protein intake as per the recommendations. Nutritional education should be considered as major intervention to reduce problem of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). Mother should be properly educated about the nutritional needs of the growing children and importance of complete immunization.
A Black Spot on Driving Safety Measures in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan Case Study: Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs)

Health and safety are two major issues, but it is an unfortunate fact that these issues do not give much importance as the issue preservers in Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to explore the dangerous impact of road traffic accident (RTAs) on society and factors that cause the road traffic accidents RTAs in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. The objectives of this study were to identify the traffic safety problems in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan, to determine effectiveness of education and awareness programs and law enforcement regarding traffic safety rules to control the road traffic accidents. The methodology used is empirical, quantitative and data are represented in percentage, pie, bar, scatter and line graphs. Five year secondary data from 2010 to 2014 of RTAs damage was collected from Punjab emergency service Rescue 1122 and District Head Quarter (DHQ) hospital Dera Ghazi Khan. In addition, primary data were collected through the questionnaires from sectary RTAs, Police officers, officials, and common people of Dera Ghazi Khan regarding RTAs control. The findings show that the RTAs results large number of deaths, serious injuries and property losses in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan.
A DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS APPROACH FOR MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY OF EMPLOYEES: A CASE STUDY

Human resource management has become ever more important to organisational success. Many organisations have therefore realised that human resource management and performance can provide competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to introduce a practical model for assessing employees’ efficiency. In this paper, a model related to the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is developed to calculate such efficiency. Physical working conditions, salary, responsibilities allocated, and the amount of work to be done are considered the main factors that may influence employees’ efficiency. The Andersen-Petersen model and a brief statistical analysis are used to rank employees and to analyse their efficiency value, based on demographic characteristics. The study confirms that physical working conditions and organisational commitment are the main factors that affect employees’ efficiency.
The Caviar software package for the astrometric reduction of Cassini ISS images: description and examples

N.J.C. is grateful to the Paris Observatory for funding as an invited researcher at the IMCCE. We thank the FP7-ESPaCE European program for funding under the agreement No. 263466. N.J.C. and C.D. M. thank the Science and Technology Facilities Council (Grant No. ST/P000622/1) for financial support. This work was also supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI).
Landing profiles and typologies of flatfish fisheries on the Portuguese coast

Flatfishes represent an important resource in Portuguese fisheries. Although flatfish landings represent a low percentage of total fish weight landed, their importance is higher when commercial value is considered (11%). Official data on flatfish landings from 1992 to 2005 for all landing ports in Portugal were analysed, together with vessel characteristics, in order to detect patterns in flatfish fisheries. Fleet characteristics were heterogeneous, but most of the vessels were multi-gear. Three landing profiles were identified in the flatfish fishery, and the target species of these metiers showed variation in space and in time. Small vessels caught species that occur in coastal areas, mainly soles, bastard sole, flounder, turbot and brill, and usually also presented high landings of octopuses, cuttlefish and rays. Megrims and spotted flounder were caught with others species, like small pelagic fishes and seabreams by coastal trawlers. For this fleet component, catches of flatfish were usually bycatch. Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were used to analyse flatfish landings (LPUE, landings per unit effort and landings in terms of value) between 1992 and 2005 and to evaluate their relationships with several variables. The main effects in the models included year, month, landing port, vessel length class and total landings (kg). The models explained between 15% and 60% of the variability of the LPUE, and 46% to 82% of the variability of landing value, for the flatfish groups considered, with the most important factors being landing port, vessel length class, month, total landing (kg) and landing port: vessel length interaction. These results suggest high spatial and temporal variability. The results of this study may have implications for fishery management, because the LPUE was highest during the important periods of flatfish life cycles, like the spawning season. This fishing pattern has a negative impact on the stocks because of increased fishing pressure during a sensitive period for these species. The adoption of spatial and temporal closures should be implemented.
Unique Hennebique Bridges in Lublin, Poland

Seeking the origins of the reinforced concrete (RC) technology, one certainly meets the name of Francois Hennebique. His genius and powerful organisation, known as Le Beton Arme Systeme Hennebique, were crusial for developing RC in theory and practice. And it is bridges that played a significant role in his activity. Nowadays, the city of Lublin, Poland, may pride itself on two bridges in Hennebique technology, the heritage of those great days. The following is a concise account of the successful restoration of one of the two bridges but also a presentation of the other one being in great need of renovation. The bridges mentioned above were constructed by the Polish engineer Marian Lutoslawski, who highly deserves being treated as a RC pioneer. The structure of Lublin’s bridges was thoroughly examined in many aspects, especially by applying a FEM analysis, non-destructive methods and a testing compressive strength on the cores taken. The carrying load capacity was estimated in accordance with the Polish standards and Eurocodes. As a result of the restoration there appeared a possibility of formulating a thesis on the concept of the RC beam Hennebique bridges as a modified form of beam wooden ones. The arguments which definitely prove the thesis have been formulated. Both of the bridges mentioned above constitute a significant contribution to the world's RC technical heritage.
GENDER INEQUALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Gender inequality is a pervasive feature in many developing countries. The gaps between male and female outcomes and opportunities are present in several dimensions: education earnings occupation access to formal employment access to managerial positions access to productive inputs political representation or bargaining power inside the household. These gaps are particularly dramatic in developing countries. Dollar and Gatti (1999) estimate the following education gap in schooling: in the poorest quartile of countries in 1990 only 5% of adult women had any secondary education one-half of the level for men. In the richest quartile on the other hand 51% of adult women had at least some secondary education 88% of the level for men. On the other hand the gaps in employment and pay are closing much faster in developing countries than they did in industrialized ones (Tzannatos 1999) but the prevalence of gender inequality is still sizable especially in South Asia and the Middle East and North Africa (Klasen and Lamanna 2009). Moreover the majority of family workers are women and often unpaid. Women are also underrepresented among top positions in most countries: even in the most developed ones the average incidence of females among managers is less than 30% (World Bank 2001). The data also shows that women are typically employed in a reduced number of industrial sectors: more than two-thirds of the global labor force in garment production is females and 1/5th of the total female labor force is in manufacturing. While these inequalities are undesirable in terms of social justice one could also argue that a better use of women’s potential in the market may result in greater efficiency. However the microeconomic literature on the efficiency effects of gender inequality is much more extensive than the macroeconomic one.2 In this paper we study the relationship between gender inequality and economic growth at the macroeconomic level emphasizing the efficiency losses generated by these inequalities. As argued in Dollar and Gatti (1999) if one interprets gender inequality as evidence of either prejudice or market failure the gap between males and females is effectively a distortionary tax that has a negative impact on economic growth. Under this interpretation it is justified to estimate the negative consequences of gender inequality on aggregate productivity. The paper is organized as follows. In Section 1 we review the theoretical links between the gender gap and economic growth. We first explore the effect of economic growth on gender inequality and then we document different models in which the causality goes in the opposite direction. The same division is used in Section 2 where we review the empirical evidence on the relationship between these two variables. Section 3 discusses several caveats and drawbacks of the existing theories and empirical studies. Finally in Section 4 we show a simple theoretical model of talent allocation and gender discrimination and its calibration and we describe the estimated effects of gender discrimination for different countries.
The Sound of Silence: What Do We Know When Insiders Do Not Trade?

This paper examines the information content of insider silence, periods of no insider trading. We hypothesize that, to avoid litigation risk, rational insiders do not sell own-company shares when they anticipate bad news; neither would they buy, given unfavorable prospects. Thus, they keep silent. By contrast, insiders sell shares when they do not anticipate significant bad news. Future stock returns are significantly lower following insider silence than following insider net selling, especially among firms with higher litigation risk. We examine two quasinatural experiments where new laws result in changes in shareholder litigation risks for insiders. In both cases, with higher shareholder litigation risks, stocks where insiders stay silent earn significantly lower returns than other stocks. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
A Framework for Assessing the Continuous Professional Development Needs of Community Pharmacists

This paper describes and evaluates a process by which the professional development needs of community pharmacists (CPs) were identified and recommendations made as to how they might be addressed. Twenty CPs were recruited onto the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programme and asked to complete a reflective logbook over a four-week period. Day one of the programme involved participation in seven skills evaluation workstations, a focus group to explore their views about CPD and a one-to-one interview with a facilitator to review the reflective logbooks and individual perceived training needs. Day two involved the presentation of the results of pharmacists’ performance in the skills workstations, followed by individual feedback to inform their personal development plans (PDPs). Fourteen pharmacists completed the CPD programme. Three key training needs were identified from the skills assessment workstations and six themes from the focus groups. Evaluation of the CPD programme indicated that it was highly rated and improved their understanding of the CPD process.
The Role of Parenting Styles in Enhancing or Hindering Children’s performance in preschool Activities

Extensive studies have been conducted on the relationship between parenting styles and adolescents’ academic performance. However, limited studies have focused on the relationship between these styles and preschool children’s performance. The current study sought to establish the relationship between parenting styles and preschool children’s performance in curricular activities in Kisauni District, Kenya. A correlational research design was employed to carry out the study. A sample size of 160 pre-school children together with their parents was purposively selected based on their performance levels in curricular activities from 20 pre-schools. A questionnaire and an interview schedule were utilized to collect data on parenting styles. Further, data on preschool children’s performance in preschool activities were collected through document analysis of children’s progress reports. Findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between parenting styles and children’s performance in preschool activities. There was a significant relationship between between authoritative parenting style and children’s performance where r = 0.882 and p = 0.00 < 0.01. Authoritarian parenting style was negatively correlated to children’s performance in curriculum activities where r = -0.261 and p = 0.002 < 0.01. There was no significant relationship between permissive parenting style and children’s performance. It was therefore concluded that parenting styles significantly influence children’s performance in preschool curriculum activities.