Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of an Enormous Lyα Nebula in a Massive Galaxy Overdensity at z = 2.3

Enormous Lyα nebulae (ELANe), unique tracers of galaxy density peaks, are predicted to lie at the nodes and intersections of cosmic filamentary structures. Previous successful searches for ELANe have focused on wide-field narrowband surveys or have targeted known sources such as ultraluminous quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) or radio galaxies. Utilizing groups of coherently strong Lyα absorptions, we have developed a new method to identify high-redshift galaxy overdensities and have identified an extremely massive overdensity, BOSS1441, at . In its density peak, we discover an ELAN that is associated with a relatively faint continuum. To date, this object has the highest diffuse Lyα nebular luminosity of erg s−1. Above the 2σ surface brightness limit of SB erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2, this nebula has an end-to-end spatial extent of 442 kpc. This radio-quiet source also has extended C iv and He ii emission on scales. Note that the Lyα, He ii, and C iv emissions all have double-peaked line profiles. Each velocity component has an FWHM of ≈700–1000 km s−1. We argue that this Lyα nebula could be powered by shocks due to an active galactic nucleus–driven outflow or photoionization by a strongly obscured source.
Pasireotide Versus Octreotide in Acromegaly: A Head-to-Head Superiority Study

Context: Biochemical control reduces morbidity and increases life expectancy in patients with acromegaly. With current medical therapies, including the gold standard octreotide long-acting-release (LAR), many patients do not achieve biochemical control. Objective: Our objective was to demonstrate the superiority of pasireotide LAR over octreotide LAR in medically naive patients with acromegaly. Design and Setting: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind study at 84 sites in 27 countries. Patients: A total of 358 patients with medically naive acromegaly (GH >5 μg/L or GH nadir ≥1 μg/L after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and IGF-1 above the upper limit of normal) were enrolled. Patients either had previous pituitary surgery but no medical treatment or were de novo with a visible pituitary adenoma on magnetic resonance imaging. Interventions: Patients received pasireotide LAR 40 mg/28 days (n = 176) or octreotide LAR 20 mg/28 days (n = 182) for 12 months. At months 3 and 7, titration to pasireotide LAR 60 mg or octreotide LAR 30 mg was permitted, but not mandatory, if GH ≥2.5μg/L and/or IGF-1 was above the upper limit of normal. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients in each treatment arm with biochemical control (GH <2.5 μg/L and normal IGF-1) at month 12. Results: Biochemical control was achieved by significantly more pasireotide LAR patients than octreotide LAR patients (31.3% vs 19.2%; P = .007; 35.8% vs 20.9% when including patients with IGF-1 below the lower normal limit). In pasireotide LAR and octreotide LAR patients, respectively, 38.6% and 23.6% (P = .002) achieved normal IGF-1, and 48.3% and 51.6% achieved GH <2.5 μg/L. 31.0% of pasireotide LAR and 22.2% of octreotide LAR patients who did not achieve biochemical control did not receive the recommended dose increase. Hyperglycemia-related adverse events were more common with pasireotide LAR (57.3% vs 21.7%). Conclusions: Pasireotide LAR demonstrated superior efficacy over octreotide LAR and is a viable new treatment option for acromegaly.
Does Fun Pay? The Impact of Workplace Fun on Employee Turnover and Performance

This research demonstrated that fun in the workplace has both beneficial and potentially negative effects on employees in the hospitality industry. This research focused on the impact of fun activities and manager support for fun on employee performance and turnover. Fun activities include such endeavors as productivity contests, social events, teambuilding activities, and public celebrations of work achievements and personal milestones. In turn, manager support for fun reflects whether managers in general allow and encourage employees to have fun on the job. With a sample of 195 servers from a national restaurant chain, we found that fun activities had a favorable impact on performance and manager support for fun had a favorable impact in reducing turnover. Interestingly, manager support for fun had an adverse impact on performance. Thus, whether fun ultimately is beneficial depends on the type of fun and the desired human resource outcome.
Kinematic, aerodynamic and anatomical mechanisms in the slow, maneuvering flight of pigeons

A high-speed (200 Hz) infrared video system was used in a three-dimensional analysis of pigeon wing and body kinematics to determine the aerodynamic and anatomical mechanisms they use to produce force asymmetries to effect a turn during slow (3 m s-1) flight. Contrary to our expectations, pigeons used downstroke velocity asymmetries, rather than angle of attack or surface area asymmetries, to produce the disparities in force needed for directional changes. To produce a bank, a velocity asymmetry is created early in the downstroke and, in the majority of cases, then reversed at the end of the same downstroke, thus arresting the rolling angular momentum. When the velocity asymmetry was not reversed at the end of downstroke, the arresting force asymmetry was produced during upstroke, with velocity asymmetries creating disparate drag forces on the wings. Rather than using subtle aerodynamic variables to produce subtle downstroke force asymmetries, pigeons constantly adjust their position using a series of large alternating and opposing forces during downstroke and upstroke. Thus, a pigeon creates a precise 'average' body position (e.g. bank angle) and flight path by producing a series of rapidly oscillating movements. Although the primary locomotor event (downstroke) is saltatory, maneuvering during slow flight should be considered as a product of nearly continuous, juxtaposed force generation throughout the wingbeat cycle. Further, viewing upstroke as more than stereotypical, symmetrical wing recovery alters the evolutionary and functional context of investigations into the musculoskeletal mechanisms and the associated neural control involved in this unique kinematic event.
Fiscal shocks and the real exchange rate: evidence from an outpost of textbook open-economy macroeconomics

Recent empirical research into the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy shocks has generated a ‘puzzle’. Both Keynesian and Real Business Cycle models predict that a fiscal expansion will lead to a real exchange rate appreciation. However, in almost all the individual countries that have been studied, positive shocks to government spending cause the real exchange rate to depreciate. Recent theoretical work suggests that this unexpected result might reflect incomplete international financial market integration. The country where the incomplete markets assumption is least plausible is New Zealand, because of its integration into the Australian financial system. We show that in New Zealand there is no puzzle, and the standard textbook result still holds. Our counter-factual results are consistent with the argument that the puzzle is to be explained by an absence of complete international financial market integration in most parts of the world.
What Face Inversion Does to Infants' Counting Abilities

Infants younger than 1 year do not correctly count the number of objects in a scene by using differences among their properties, unless these differences cross the broad category boundaries separating humans, animals, and artifacts. Here we show that face orientation influences whether 10- and 12-month-old infants count correctly or incorrectly. When infants saw two puppets appearing and disappearing behind an occluder successively and had no cues for numerosity other than differences among the puppets' properties, they correctly counted two puppets if one had an upright face and one an upside-down face. However, when the same puppets were both shown with faces upright, infants failed the task. Overall, this pattern of success and failure closely parallels the pattern of brain activations registered when adults and infants watch objects characterized by the same property contrasts.
The impact of family ownership and dual class shares on takeover risk

In this paper the relation between the use of dual class shares and the risk of takeovers is explored. The results stress the need to control for the identity of the controlling owner in studies of corporate control and firm performance. For family controlled firms, it is found that both the hazard rate of takeover and firm market value decline with the wedge between the families’ voting rights and cash flow rights. It is concluded that due to non-transferable private benefits of control in family firms, dual class shares reduce the likelihood that the family will accept the terms of value enhancing takeovers and this translates into lower firm value.
ESL Learners' Attitudes toward Pronunciation Instruction and Varieties of English

The results of the investigation showed that students in NZ, compared to those in the US, were more dissatisfied with their current curriculum of learning pronunciation due to misunderstanding of various models and accents of pronunciation made available to them. These results suggest that students‟ perceived needs should be better synchronized in ESL contexts. The implications of this study regarding the relations among pronunciation training, learner perceptions, and accent variety extend beyond the immediate setting in NZ and US higher education, and in fact pertain to the teaching of World Englishes in every nation.
Managerial Ownership and Earnings Management: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Japan

This paper examines the relationship between managerial ownership and opportunistic managerial behavior relating to earnings management. Economics theory identifies two apparently conflicting effects of managerial ownership on managers' incentives: the incentive alignment effect and the management entrenchment effect. We construct a theoretical model demonstrating the two effects. This model suggests that as managerial ownership increases, earnings management decreases for both high and low levels of managerial ownership, while it increases for intermediate levels of managerial ownership if the sensitivity of the probability of managerial dismissal to the corporate performance is high enough and/or the manager's private benefit derived from managerial position is high enough. In a sample of Japanese firms, we find a significant nonmonotonic relationship between managerial ownership and discretionary accruals, consistent with our model.
An Investigation of the Informational Role of Short Interest in the Nasdaq Market

This paper examines the relationship between the level of short interest and stock returns in the Nasdaq market from June 1988 through December 1994. We find that heavily shorted firms experience significant negative abnormal returns ranging from - 0.76 to - 1.13 percent per month after controlling for the market, size, book-to-market, and momentum factors. These negative returns increase with the level of short interest, indicating that a higher level of short interest is a stronger bearish signal. We find that heavily shorted firms are more likely to be delisted compared to their size, book-to-market, and momentum matched control firms. Copyright The American Finance Association 2002.
Okul Kültürü ile Öğrenci Başarısı Arasındaki İlişki

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between school culture and students’ achievement. The data on school culture were obtained by using School Culture Survey (SCS) administered in 2007 fall semester, in 43 elementary schools in Elazig, Turkey. The data related with the student achievement was gathered from the results of a citywide placement test in Elazig. The relationship between school culture and student achievement was analyzed by correlation method. The data indicated a five –factor structure of SCS showed. A significant low positive relationship between student achievement and school culture was observed. There is a significant positive relationship between student achievement and three factors of school culture: collaborative leadership, teacher collaboration, and unity of purpose.
Corporate Takeover Bids, Methods of Payment, and Bidding Firms' Stock Returns

This study explores the role of the method of payment in explaining common stock returns of bidding firms at the announcement of takeover bids. The results reveal significant differences in the abnormal returns between common stock exchanges a nd cash offers. The results are independent of the type of takeover b id, i.e., merger or tender offer, and of bid outcomes. These findings supported by analysis of nonconvertible bonds, are attributed mainl y to signaling effects and imply that the inconclusive evidence of ea rlier studies on takeovers may be due to their failure to control for the method of payment. Copyright 1987 by American Finance Association.
The Philosophy of Intransitive Preference

This paper argues against the proposition that rationality necessarily requires preferences to be transitive. Attention is given predominantly to the logic of the arguments purporting to show that rational agents must adhere to transitivity. The paper builds on previous work in the area of economics and philosophy by clarifying and sharpening the normative case for and against this basic assumption. Copyright 1993 by Royal Economic Society.
Sharing Economy in Travel and Tourism: The Case of Home-Swapping in Italy

Contemporary societies have witnessed the expansion of unconventional, non-institutionalized travel trends, which oppose mainstream tourism by providing travellers with a broader range of alternatives. Among these, home-swapping seems to have received little scholarly attention, despite its recent and rapid growth even in countries where this phenomenon had long remained confined to small niches of travellers. With this formula, tourists are able to organize made-to-measure tours without seeking the services of travel mediators and with the only cost of making their own home available. This article presents the results of an in-depth study into Italian home-swappers and discusses their socio-economic profiles, motivations, and lifestyles. As the data analysis points out, home-swapping is an alternative form of tourism which requires trust, open-mindedness, inventiveness, enthusiasm, and flexibility. While the economic aspect is arguably one of the key driving factors when opting for this type of travelling accommodation, it cannot account for the current popularity of the social phenomenon alone.
The Informational Role of Stock and Option Volume

This article analyzes the intraday interdependence of order flows and price movements for actively traded NYSE stocks and their Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE)-traded options. Stock net trade volume (buyer-initiated volume minus seller-initiated volume) has strong predictive ability for stock and option quote revisions, but option net trade volume has no incremental predictive ability. This suggests that informed investors initiate trades in the stock market but not in the option market. On the other hand, both stock and option quote revisions have predictive ability for each other. Thus, while information in the stock market is contained in both quote revisions and trades, information in the option market is contained only in quote revisions. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
Was there a Marxian bias in Austrian manufacturing? Evidence on the direction of technical change, 1978–1994

This paper presents a study of the bias of technical change for 20 industries of the Austrian manufacturing sector for the period 1978 to 1994 using empirical methods derived from both classical and neoclassical economics. Overall, the results suggest that the technical bias in Austrian manufacturing did not follow a Marxian pattern. Estimates based on the classical framework suggest that 5 out of the 20 industries show a Marxian bias over the period 1978–1994. Evidence based on a neoclassical CES production function is provided and critically evaluated.
The Post-Issue Operating Performance of IPO Firms

This article investigates the change in operating performance of firms as they make the transition from private to public ownership. A significant decline in operating performance subsequent to the initial public offering (IPO) is found. Additionally, there is a significant positive relation between post-IPO operating performance and equity retention by the original entrepreneurs but no relation between post-IPO operating performance and the level of initial underpricing. Postissue declines in the market-to-book ratio, price/earnings ratio, and earnings per share are also documented. Copyright 1994 by American Finance Association.
Clarifying the Distinctive Contribution of Ambidexterity to the Field of Organization Studies

The concept of organizational ambidexterity has been applied to a wide variety of phenomena in recent years. Its growing appeal is a reflection of its versatility, but this versatility carries the risk of a lack of clarity in meaning and measurement. In this paper, we attempt to bring a sense of perspective to the field of ambidexterity by documenting its growth and usage in scholarly work. We chart the evolution of ambidexterity since its inception, analyzing the diversity in the views held on the topic. We conclude by discussing how ambidexterity research can benefit from greater focus, and we suggest some key areas where it can make a unique contribution.
Dietary oxidised fat up regulates the expression of organic cation transporters in liver and small intestine and alters carnitine concentrations in liver, muscle and plasma of rats

It has been shown that treatment of rats with clofibrate, a synthetic agonist of PPARα, increases mRNA concentration of organic cation transporters (OCTN)-1 and -2 and concentration of carnitine in the liver. Since oxidised fats have been demonstrated in rats to activate hepatic PPARα, we tested the hypothesis that they also up regulate OCTN. Eighteen rats were orally administered either sunflower-seed oil (control group) or an oxidised fat prepared by heating sunflower-seed oil, for 6 d. Rats administered the oxidised fat had higher mRNA concentrations of typical PPARα target genes such as acyl-CoA oxidase, cytochrome P450 4A1 and carnitine palmitoyltransferases-1A and -2 in liver and small intestine than control rats (P < 0·05). Furthermore, rats treated with oxidised fat had higher hepatic mRNA concentrations of OCTN1 (1·5-fold) and OCTN2 (3·1-fold), a higher carnitine concentration in the liver and lower carnitine concentrations in plasma, gastrocnemius and heart muscle than control rats (P < 0·05). Moreover, rats administered oxidised fat had a higher mRNA concentration of OCTN2 in small intestine (2·4-fold; P < 0·05) than control rats. In conclusion, the present study shows that an oxidised fat causes an up regulation of OCTN in the liver and small intestine. An increased hepatic carnitine concentration in rats treated with the oxidised fat is probably at least in part due to an increased uptake of carnitine into the liver which in turn leads to reduced plasma and muscle carnitine concentrations. The present study supports the hypothesis that nutrients acting as PPARα agonists influence whole-body carnitine homeostasis.
Extending the stochastic approach to index numbers

The variance of the inflation rate estimator in the stochastic approach of Clements and Izan will be biased in most applications due to stringent restrictions on the variance of the OLS error term. To overcome this weakness, the stochastic methodology is reformulated and extended by deriving a variance estimator which is robust to unknown forms of heteroscedasticity. Under this new approach the exact nature of the error variance is of no concern, and can remain unidentified. A major innovation of this work is the derivation of a scalar representation for the variance estimator which has considerable intuitive appeal since it uses consumer expenditure shares to weight the relative price movements used in the calculation of the inflation rate variances.
The association of red cell distribution width with in-stent restenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Abstract Increased red cell distribution width (RDW) is closely related to the poor prognosis and adverse events of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the association of serum RDW levels and in-stent restenosis (ISR) after coronary stenting with bare-metal stent in patients with stable coronary artery disease. A total of 251 patients (age 62 ± 11 years, 69% male) with a history of coronary stenting who underwent control coronary angiography (128 with ISR and 123 without ISR) were enrolled into the study. Laboratory parameters were measured before angiography. ISR was defined as luminal stenosis ≥50% within the stent or within 5 mm of its edges by the quantitative coronary analysis. The patients were divided into the two groups: ISR group and no-ISR group. Baseline characteristics of the patients were similar. The ISR group had significantly higher RDW levels compared with patients in no-ISR group (14.47 ± 1.37 vs. 13.59 ± 0.88, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the ISR group had significantly longer stent length and lower stent diameter when compared to no-ISR group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, RDW levels >13.75%, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, stent diameter and stent length were independently associated with ISR [odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.71–3.15, OR = 2.80, 95% CI = (1.34–4.61), OR = −2.60, 95% CI = −(1.19–4.51), OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.99–3.76, p = 0.001, respectively]. We concluded that increased serum RDW levels were independently associated with bare-metal ISR in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
When Politics Matters: The Impact of Politicians' and Bureaucrats' Preferences on Salient and Nonsalient Policy Areas

For three decades, the “politics matters” literature has found that political ideology is an important explanation of public policy. However, this literature systematically fails to include the influence of the bureaucracy. In fact, it is almost impossible to identify a single study in this literature that controls for the influence of the permanent bureaucracy. In this article, we investigate whether politics still matters when bureaucratic preferences are taken into account. We do this in a simultaneous test of political and bureaucratic influences on public budgets, a policy measure often studied in the “politics matters” literature. We find that political preferences trump bureaucratic ones in policy areas salient to the public but not in less salient areas. This might be comforting news from a democratic perspective. However, as public budgets represent an easy case for political influence, it is food for thought that political preferences do not always prevail.
Russian Manufacturing Revisited: Industrial Enterprises at the Start of the Crisis

Using two large surveys of manufacturing firms conducted in 2005 and 2009, a team of researchers at the Institute for Industrial and Market Studies (IIMS) of the Higher School of Economics (HSE) examines firm behavior over time, looking at drivers of firm behavior and the business climate in Russia with a focus on changes in the pre-crisis period. Changes in six critical areas of restructuring are examined: the institutional environment; growth; technology; innovation; corporate governance; and management. Relations between firms and various levels of government are also examined. The degree to which the manufacturing sector is market oriented and its potential to drive economic growth are considered.