Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengelolaan Zakat Produktif sebagai Instrumen Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Umat

The purpose of zakat management formally is to (1) improve the effectiveness and efficiency of services in the management of zakat, and (2) to increase the benefits of zakat to realize the welfare of society and poverty reduction. In this context, the distribution of zakat funds in addition to the consumptive purpose, can also be justified for the purpose of growing productive economic activities for mustahiq. By law, the use of zakat for productive economic activity is also not prohibited, as long as the mandatory of fulfilling the basic needs of mustahiq has been done. The use of zakat funds for productive economic activities is a conception to liberate the socio-economic life of mustahiq with a view to changing from the recipient of zakat to the payer of zakat. The implementation scheme of this concept is to build or grow a business unit in mustahiq through grant funding for business capital. Within a certain production cycle, mustahiq will also receive technical assistance and guidance from the zakat management institution in order to plan the establishment of a successful business unit and that mustahiq has a permanent source of income. Tujuan pengelolaan zakat secara formal adalah untuk meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi pelayanan dalam pengelolaan zakat, dan meningkatkan manfaat zakat untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan penanggulangan kemiskinan. Dalam konteks ini, pendistribusian dana zakat selain untuk pemberian bantuan yang bersifat konsumtif, juga dapat dibenarkan untuk tujuan menumbuhkan kegiatan ekonomi produktif bagi penerima zakat (mustahik). Secara hukum, penggunaan zakat untuk kegiatan ekonomi produktif juga tidak dilarang, selama keberadaan para mustahik yang wajib dan harus dibantu sudah terpenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya. Penggunaan dana zakat untuk kegiatan ekonomi produktif adalah sebuah konsepsi untuk memandirikan penerima zakat secara sosial ekonomi dengan maksud untuk merubah dari penerima zakat menjadi pembayar zakat. Skema pelaksanaan dari konsep ini adalah membangun atau menumbuhkan unit usaha pada diri penerima zakat melalui pemberian dana hibah untuk modal usaha. Dalam satu siklus produksi tertentu, penerima zakat juga akan mendapat pendampingan dan bimbingan teknis dari lembaga pengelola zakat agar rencana membentuk unit usaha berhasil dan penerima zakat memiliki sumber pendapatan yang permanen.
Loss of epithelial Gq and G11 signaling inhibits TGFβ production but promotes IL-33–mediated macrophage polarization and emphysema

Signaling by Gq/11 is required for optimal TGFβ activation in the lung to prevent inflammation. Gq/11 signaling maintains healthy lungs Loss of signaling by the cytokine transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) in mice results in emphysema-like symptoms, whereas excessive TGFβ signaling results in pulmonary fibrosis and ventilator-associated lung injury. G proteins of the Gq/11 and G12/13 families mediate the integrin-dependent activation and release of latent TGFβ from the epithelial cells. John et al. found that mice deficient in Gq/11, but not those deficient in G12/13, in lung epithelial cells had defective TGFβ activation and emphysema-like symptoms. In addition, the Gq/11-deficient mice had lung inflammation associated with increased amounts of the cytokine IL-33. However, the mice were protected from ventilator-induced injury. Together, these data suggest that Gq/11 signaling is required for optimal TGFβ activation in the lung and the prevention of inflammation. Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein (G protein) signaling links hundreds of G protein–coupled receptors with four G protein signaling pathways. Two of these, one mediated by Gq and G11 (Gq/11) and the other by G12 and G13 (G12/13), are implicated in the force-dependent activation of transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) in lung epithelial cells. Reduced TGFβ activation in alveolar cells leads to emphysema, whereas enhanced TGFβ activation promotes acute lung injury and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, precise control of alveolar TGFβ activation is essential for alveolar homeostasis. We investigated the involvement of the Gq/11 and G12/13 pathways in epithelial cells in generating active TGFβ and regulating alveolar inflammation. Mice deficient in both Gαq and Gα11 developed inflammation that was primarily caused by alternatively activated (M2-polarized) macrophages, enhanced matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) production, and age-related alveolar airspace enlargement consistent with emphysema. Mice with impaired Gq/11 signaling had reduced stretch-mediated generation of TGFβ by epithelial cells and enhanced macrophage MMP12 synthesis but were protected from the effects of ventilator-induced lung injury. Furthermore, synthesis of the cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) was increased in these alveolar epithelial cells, resulting in the M2-type polarization of alveolar macrophages independently of the effect on TGFβ. Our results suggest that alveolar Gq/11 signaling maintains alveolar homeostasis and likely independently increases TGFβ activation in response to the mechanical stress of the epithelium and decreases epithelial IL-33 synthesis. Together, these findings suggest that disruption of Gq/11 signaling promotes inflammatory emphysema but protects against mechanically induced lung injury.
Pollution and economic development: an empirical research review

Pollution and the economy seem to have been inextricably linked throughout human history. Yet the relationship between environmental harm and economic development is complex and its understanding has been fragmented by disciplinary biases. Economists and environmental scientists have diverged on the urgency of abatement mechanisms and the marginal returns on investment on control technologies and social adaptations. The Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis has dominated this discourse, but is only one part of a broader pollution-economy nexus. As we consider a societal shift towards a circular economy, there is a need to consider a more integrated framework for analyzing the empirical evidence that connects pollution and economic development, and its implications for human well-being and the achievement of the sustainable development goals. This paper develops the main connections between pollution and economic development by reviewing the existing empirical evidence in the literature.
MiRNA Signaling in Viral Myocarditis Novel and Unique Pathological Features.

Background Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that modulate many target genes. Viral myocarditis is common cardiomyopathy, however, there is an absence of effective therapeutic strategies for viral myocarditis (VMC). The purpose of this research was to characterize changes in miRNAs expression in VMC mice. Methods Atrial myocytes were infected coxsackievirus B3 and miRNAs microarray was performed. miRNAs target predicted and the bioinformatics analysis was carried out by gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis. To validate the results, Difference miRNAs were identified in heart of mice by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results We identified 94 miRNAs that were differentially expressed (27 were up-regulated and 67 were down-regulated by at least 2.0-fold). Real time PCR analysis has confirmed that the expression levels of 7 miRNAs up-regulated, 18 miRNAs down-regulated. They were mainly involved in protein binding, small GTPase mediated signal transduction, protein phosphorylation by GO. Pathway analysis showed that a significant enrichment in several pathways related to cAMP signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, RAS signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, Oxytocin signaling pathway. Conclusions Our results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of viral myocarditis pathophysiology.
Cell‐cycle checkpoint for transition from cell division to differentiation

In general, growth and differentiation are mutually exclusive, but they are cooperatively regulated during the course of development. Thus, the process of a cell’s transition from growth to differentiation is of general importance for the development of organisms, and terminally differentiated cells such as nerve cells never divide. Meanwhile, the growth rate speeds up when cells turn malignant. The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum grows and multiplies as long as nutrients are supplied, and its differentiation is triggered by starvation. A critical checkpoint (growth/differentiation transition or GDT point), from which cells start differentiating in response to starvation, has been precisely specified in the cell cycle of D. discoideum Ax‐2 cells. Accordingly, integration of GDT point‐specific events with starvation‐induced events is needed to understand the mechanism regulating GDTs. A variety of intercellular and intracellular signals are involved positively or negatively in the initiation of differentiation, making a series of cross‐talks. As was expected from the presence of the GDT point, the cell’s positioning in cell masses and subsequent cell‐type choices occur depending on the cell’s phase in the cell cycle at the onset of starvation. Since novel and multiple functions of mitochondria in various respects of development including the initiation of differentiation have been directly realized in Dictyostelium cells, they are also reviewed in this article.
Impact of data-driven decision-making in Lean Six Sigma: an empirical analysis

Data-driven decision-making refers to the approaches business firms, and managers are adopting in decision-making on the strength of verifiable data. This study attempted to evaluate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in a Lean Six Sigma (LSS) organisation. The research model developed included external variables that capture perceptions of managers on knowledge management, data quality, technology readiness and performance expectancy. The study examined the moderating role of complexity perceptions of managers. And, data were collected from 173 practising managers in Indian industries. A PLS-based structural equation modelling was carried out. The model revealed the critical linkages among the constructs to draw valid insights about manager’s perceptions in an LSS environment. The study found out that antecedents significantly predict usefulness and ease of using feeling among managers, resulting in adoption intentions. The complexity perceptions act as a significant moderator to adoption intentions in the framework. This study underlines the need for an adequate infrastructure capable of collecting and disseminating reliable data among decision-makers for imparting confidence among managers to adopt data-driven approaches. The main contribution of the study is that the managers hold a favourable view towards new technology adoption and prefers the ease of use for better decision-making.
A Dual-Process Examination of Alcohol-Related Consequences Among First-Year College Students.

OBJECTIVE Despite showing reductions in college student drinking, interventions have shown some inconsistency in their ability to successfully decrease consequences. With the goal of improving prevention efforts, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of consequence-specific constructs, in addition to drinking, that influence students' experiences with alcohol-related problems. The study examined how drinking and protective behaviors mediated the relationships between students' willingness to experience consequences, intentions to avoid them, and four categories of alcohol-related problems (physiological, social, sexual, and academic). METHOD First-year college student drinkers (n = 2,024) at a large northeastern university completed surveys during the fall and spring of their freshman year. RESULTS As expected, different patterns of associations emerged for physiological and nonphysiological consequences. When physiological consequences (e.g., hangover, vomiting) were examined, drinking significantly mediated the effect of willingness on the consequences. Drinking-specific protective behaviors indirectly influenced consequences through drinking behaviors whereas general protective behaviors did not. When nonphysiological (e.g., social, sexual, academic) consequences were examined, drinking and general protective behaviors emerged as significant mediators of the effects of willingness and intentions on the consequences, whereas drinking-specific protective behaviors did not. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that prevention efforts (e.g., personalized feedback) could be tailored to address specific types of protective behaviors as well as specific types of consequences frequently experienced by college students.
Environmental values and willingness to pay for a protected area: a segmentation of Italian university students

ABSTRACT The study investigated students’ attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for the protection of some environmental values. The empirical study refers to a site located in Southern Italy and inserted into the Natura 2000 European Network. Students were segmented according to their appreciation of environmental values and the WTP for them. We considered two scenarios of the study site – of use and non-use – and four values – recreational, educational, bequest and existence. Five clusters, from the ‘unconcerned’ to the ‘committed’ one, reveal a diversity of profiles across the sample. Segmentation results point out the multifunctionality of the environmental heritage and highlight the heterogeneity of students’ environmental profiles.
Accuracy of Blood Pressure Measurement Devices in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Validation Studies

The accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP) in pregnancy is essential to guide medical decision making that affects both mother and fetus. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the accuracy of ambulatory, home, and clinic BP measurement devices in pregnant women. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL EBSCO, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and dabl from inception through August 3, 2017 for articles that assessed the validity of an upper arm BP measurement device against a mercury sphygmomanometer in pregnant women. Two independent investigators determined eligibility, extracted data, and adjudicated protocol violations. From 1798 potential articles identified, 41, that assessed 28 devices, met the inclusion criteria. Most articles (n=32) followed a standard or modified American National Standards Institute/Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/International Organization for Standardization, British Hypertension Society, or European Society of Hypertension validation protocol. Several articles described the results of validation studies performed on >1 device (n=7) or in >1 population of pregnant women (n=12), comprising 64 pairwise validity assessments. The device was validated in 61% (32 of 52) of studies which used a standard or modified protocol. Only 34% (11 of 32) of the studies wherein the device was successfully validated were performed without a protocol violation. Given the implications of inaccurate BP measurement in pregnant women, healthcare providers should be aware of and try to use the BP measurement devices which have been properly validated in this population.
Chlamydial Effector Proteins Localized to the Host Cell Cytoplasmic Compartment

ABSTRACT Disease-causing microbes utilize various strategies to modify their environment in order to create a favorable location for growth and survival. Gram-negative bacterial pathogens often use specialized secretion systems to translocate effector proteins directly into the cytosol of the eukaryotic cells they infect. These bacterial proteins are responsible for modulating eukaryotic cell functions. Identification of the bacterial effectors has been a critical step toward understanding the molecular basis for the pathogenesis of the bacteria that use them. Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that have a type III secretion system believed to translocate virulence effector proteins into the cytosol of their host cells. Selective permeabilization of the eukaryotic cell membrane was used in conjunction with metabolic labeling of bacterial proteins to identify chlamydial proteins that localize within the cytosol of infected cells. More than 20 Chlamydia trachomatis and C. pneumoniae proteins were detected within the cytoplasmic compartment of infected cells. While a number of cytosolic proteins were shared, others were unique to each species, suggesting that variation among cytosolic chlamydial proteins contributes to the differences in the pathogenesis of the chlamydial species. The spectrum of chlamydial proteins exported differed concomitant with the progress of the developmental cycle. These data confirm that a dynamic relationship exists between Chlamydia and its host and that translocation of bacterial proteins into the cytosol is developmentally dependent.
Diagnosis of primary HIV-1 infection. Los Angeles County Primary HIV Infection Recruitment Network.

BACKGROUND The optimal approach for diagnosing primary HIV-1 infection has not been defined. OBJECTIVE To determine the usefulness of symptoms and virologic tests for diagnosing primary HIV-1 infection. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A teaching hospital in Los Angeles and a university research center in San Diego, California. PATIENTS 436 patients who had symptoms consistent with primary HIV infection. MEASUREMENTS Clinical information and levels of HIV antibody, HIV RNA, and p24 antigen. RESULTS Primary infection was diagnosed in 54 patients (12.4%). The sensitivity and specificity of the p24 antigen assay were 88.7% (95% CI, 77.0% to 95.7%) and 100% (CI, 99.3% to 100%), respectively. For the HIV RNA assay, sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 97.4% (CI, 94.9% to 98.9%). Fever, myalgia, rash, night sweats, and arthralgia occurred more frequently in patients with primary infection (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS No sign or symptom allows targeted screening for primary infection. Although assays for HIV RNA are more sensitive than those for p24 antigen in diagnosing primary infection, they are more expensive and are more likely to yield false-positive results.
Labor and Work Management Related Issues of Social and Indigeniouse Movments in Mexico and Latin American Countires

Class and ethnic conflicts are that at the base of the struggle for identity of the indigenous movements that has its roots during the colonial period. The indigenous movement is not homogeneous and does not include all ethnic groups in the country, but it has many different expressions and encompasses different entities at local, regional and national levels. Movements at local levels are based on their ethnicity and community with limited mobilization. At regional level are integrated associations of ethnic groups.This paper aims to analyze the historical social approach and under the frame of indigenous political ecology of social movements for recognition of indigenous rights in contemporary Mexico.
Does Idiosyncratic Volatility Matter at the Global Level?

I test the existence of a time-series relationship between the aggregate idiosyncratic volatility and the market index return at the global level by introducing various global measures of aggregate idiosyncratic volatility. I offer four definitions of aggregate global idiosyncratic volatility (GIVOL) based on factor models and two other definitions, which are free from factor models. Regardless of whether I use model-dependent or model-independent measures, I find no evidence of a robust and significant relation between the aggregate GIVOL and the global market return. This result is valid for four different sub-periods and four different subsamples reflecting the different states of the economy and the stock market. It is also robust to the inclusion of several control variables. As global idiosyncratic volatility is not a priced factor in the intertemporal asset pricing framework, the results indicate that international diversification is still effective in eliminating idiosyncratic volatility despite the globalization process.
Maternal and fetal artery Doppler findings in women with chronic hypertension who subsequently develop superimposed pre-eclampsia

Objective: To carry out a prospective study of Doppler velocimetry of the fetomaternal circulation in women with chronic hypertension, to evaluate whether the subsequent development of superimposed pre-eclampsia can be predicted. Study design: Serial Doppler studies of the maternal uterine and renal arteries, and fetal middle cerebral and umbilical arteries, were performed at 16-20 and at 28-32 weeks' gestation in 56 women with chronic hypertension. Pulsatility indices were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum method. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Uterine artery impedance was significantly elevated as early as 16-20 and at 28-32 weeks' gestation, while the cerebroplacental ratio was lower at 28-32 weeks' gestation, in the 14 women who developed superimposed pre-eclampsia. The maternal renal artery impedance remained constant throughout gestation, regardless of the development of pre-eclampsia. Conclusions: Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry at 16-20 and at 28-32 weeks' gestation showing increased impedance is predictive for the development of superimposed pre-eclampsia in women with chronic hypertension. The cerebroplacental ratio suggested early fetal brain sparing at 28-32 weeks' gestation in these women.
Slime glycolipoproteins and the pathogenicity of various strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in experimental infection

Several strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were differentiated on the basis of the surface properties of the cells. Fisher immunotype, phage type, polysaccharide depolymerase type, and indirect hemagglutination reactions were used for this purpose. Each strain was then studied with respect to events known to occur during the experimental infection of mice with P. aeruginosa. The virulence of the viable cells varied significantly, although all strains were virulent. Glycolipoproteins were isolated from the slime of each strain, and they appeared similar chemically when they were analyzed for gross composition. The toxicity of the isolated glycolipoproteins varied insignificantly, except for that of one strain. Viable cells of each strain and their respective glycolipoproteins caused leukopenia, which occurs in the course of the lethal infection. The antisera to the glycolipoproteins protected mice in every case against infection by the homologous strains. In some cases, various degrees of cross-protection were observed.
Ipsilesional motor area size correlates with functional recovery after stroke: a 6-month follow-up longitudinal TMS motor mapping study.

PURPOSE Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and measurements of upper limb function were longitudinally applied to gain further insights into processes involved in functional recovery from the acute to the chronic stage after stroke. METHODS 10 acute stroke patients were monitored over 6 months behaviourally and with established TMS protocols. By using neuronavigated motor mapping, behavioural parameters, and a mixed model analysis, the role of the frontal and parietal part of the motor area of both hemispheres for functional recovery was determined. RESULTS Size and volume of the ipsilesional motor area (MAipsi) were significantly decreased in the acute phase compared to the contralesional motor area (MAcontra). Size of MAipsi, especially its frontal part, changed over time and was positively correlated with functional recovery, whereas resting motor threshold, volume of both MA or the shift of its center of gravity did not show any association with recovery. CONCLUSION The present data suggests the presence of a positive correlation between changes of the motor representation of the lesioned hemisphere and functional recovery after stroke. A possible interpretation is that rather (re-)activated corticomotor outputs are substrates of functional recovery after stroke than increased efficacy of residual, non-lesioned pathways.