Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic characterization of Gainj- and Kalam-speaking peoples of Papua New Guinea.

The research presented focuses on genetic variation in the Gainj- and Kalam-speaking peoples of highland Papua New Guinea. The primary data are typings at 51 genetic loci observed on 600 individuals who reside in 21 census units, called parishes. These data are augmented by cultural and demographic information that has also been collected. Parish sizes are small, ranging from 20 to about 200 individuals. Direct Western contact with these people has been occurring only for the past three decades. Although Westernization is currently increasing, we find that much of the traditional settlement pattern and mate exchange system is preserved. There are segregating variants at 27 loci. Four rare variants are initially described: NP 4-Kalam, ADA 6-Kalam, PEPA 3-Kalam, and FUM 2-Kalam. We find evidence for a new Gm haplotype, a;-, that is recessive to all other Gm haplotypes. It occurs at a high enough frequency, f(a;-) = 0.119, to be considered a "private polymorphism. " Average per locus heterozygosity is estimated to be 0.053. This value is not statistically different from levels observed on two modern urban populations. Thus, there is no evidence for a reduced level of genetic variation in these people, despite small parish sizes and a relatively unacculturated social structure.
SHORT-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN UNDERGOING AUTOLOGOUS PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted to analyze the evolution of the nutritional status of 34 children (12 girls and 22 boys), aged 1.5-15.8 years (median age 9.06), undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). The nutritional status was evaluated at baseline, days + 1 and + 7, discharge, and day + 30 by dietary or parenteral intake, anthropometric and laboratory measurements, and nitrogen balance. At baseline, changes in anthropometric (53%) and biochemical measurements (83%) are frequent but mild. The mean caloric intake was normal. Children with normal values for the anthropometric parameters all had an intake > 80% (p < .01). No correlation was found between the anthropometric and biochemical parameters. During transplantation, significant changes (p < .001) were found for energy intake, albumin, transferrin, and nitrogen balance. Fibronectin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein showed only a few changes. All but prealbumin recovered on day + 30. No correlation was found between the nutritional status and toxicity or infection in children undergoing autologus PBSCT. The changes in the nutritional status observed at the start of transplantation correlated with the nutrional intake. Anthropometric and biochemical changes are complementary. The results may be ascribable to the fact that the patients in this series had mild malnutrition.
Nonpathological and Pathological Narcissism: Which Self-Reported Characteristics Are Most Problematic in Adolescents?

Prior research indicates that dimensions of adolescent narcissism differ in their associations with indicators of positive and negative psychological functioning (e.g., Barry, Frick, Adler, & Grafeman, 2007; Barry & Wallace, 2010). This study investigated correlates of 2 empirically derived factors of adolescent narcissism (i.e., pathological and nonpathological narcissism) from 2 measures thought to differ based on their inclusion of pathological versus nonpathological content. In a sample of 188 at-risk adolescents ages 16 to 18, pathological narcissism was associated with various indicators of maladjustment, including aggression, low self-esteem, internalizing problems, and poor perceived interpersonal relationships. On the other hand, nonpathological narcissism was positively associated with self-esteem and aggression but negatively associated with internalizing problems. The implications for the conceptualization of adolescent narcissism are discussed.
Design of a low power 0.25 µm CMOS comparator for sigma-delta Analog-to-Digital Converter

A CMOS comparator using dynamic latch, suitable for high-speed Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) with high speed and low power dissipation is presented. The design is intended to be implemented in Sigma-delta ADC. This circuit combines the good features of the resistive dividing comparator and the differential current sensing comparator. The design has been carried out in Tanner EDA tools, the schematic simulation is done using Schematic Editor (S-Edit) and layout simulation of the design is verified using Layout Editor (L-Edit) using 0. 25μm CMOS technology. Simulation results are done with supply voltages of 1.6V, 1.8V and 2.0V respectively. It is found that the power is least dissipated in 1.6V which is 0.7899 mW, but it has the longest propagation delay of 0.715 ns. In contrast, the 2.0V supply produced 1.471 mW and a shorter delay of 0.550 ns.
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathway as a therapeutic target in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite significant surgical advances and refinement in the delivery of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, prognosis has improved little in recent decades. Better local control has led to the late presentation of distant metastases and novel therapeutic agents are urgently required to prevent relapse, control disseminated disease and thus improve survival. PIK3CA encodes the p110α isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and is important in SCCHN, aberrations in its activity occurring early in the oncogenic process. PI3-K signalling promotes cell survival, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, all contributing to tumour progression. Activation of the PI3-K pathway may also mediate resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and novel therapeutic agents such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Elements of this signalling matrix, therefore, offer attractive therapeutic targets in SCCHN as inhibition of many malignant characteristics, as well as sensitisation to multiple treatment modalities, could be anticipated.
Visitor satisfaction with a key wildlife tourism destination within the context of a damaged landscape

Wildlife tourism is a growing industry globally and visitor satisfaction is vital to ensure its long-term sustainability. The Lower Kinabatangan River is a premier wildlife tourism destination that is affected by surrounding land uses and needs careful management to ensure it continues to provide positive wildlife tourism experiences. As little is known about the motivations and satisfaction of tourists with this experience, a visitor survey was conducted along the Lower Kinabatangan River with 346 surveys completed. The attribute ‘Interest in viewing wildlife’ had the highest mean level of importance and satisfaction (mean = 4.54 and 4.1, respectively, on a 5-point scale). Respondents were very satisfied with their wildlife tour experience (85%) and would recommend the experience to their friends (87%). However, almost half of respondents (47%) felt more needed to be done to protect the Kinabatangan River and wildlife. Although respondents were satisfied overall with their experience, they also expressed concerns over the number of boats and the protection of the River. Comments focused on the presence of rubbish in the River, intrusion of oil palm and the loss of forest. Many issues are beyond the management realms of tour operators but will impact on the future of the industry.
Distributed Space-Time Codes for Full-Duplex IR-UWB Amplify-and-Forward Cooperation

In this paper, we consider the problem of full-duplex (FD) relaying in the context of impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) communications. In particular, we propose two novel distributed space-time block codes (STBCs) suitable for the amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperation protocol with one and two relays. Despite the fact that FD relaying results in significant levels of interference between the transmit and receive antennas of each relay, it introduces new concepts to the problem of distributed STBC design. Compared to half-duplex (HD) STBC, FD-STBC is subject to an additional constraint that imposes the structure of the codewords while it offers the predominant advantage that resides in the possibility of including a smaller number of information symbols per codeword for achieving a full rate. We take advantage of this potential for constructing fully-diverse, full-rate and totally-real IR-UWB FD-STBCs that outperform the existing HD-STBCs for all practical levels of the residual self loop interference. In fact, for the sake of transmitting at full rate, the best known distributed HD-STBCs for the non-orthogonal AF protocol require the joint encoding/decoding of $4N_{r}$ symbols where $N_{r} $ is the number of relays. On the other hand, the proposed FD-STBCs require embedding only $N_{r} +2$ symbols per codeword for transmitting at full rate. Following from this fact, not only the decoding complexity is reduced, but also the coding gains are improved resulting in enhanced performance levels.
Resistance to herbicides caused by single amino acid mutations in acetyl-CoA carboxylase in resistant populations of grassy weeds.

Eleven spontaneous mutations of acetyl-CoA carboxylase have been identified in many herbicide-resistant populations of 42 species of grassy weeds, hampering application of aryloxyphenoxypropionate, cyclohexadione and phenylpyrazoline herbicides in agriculture. IC(50) shifts (resistance indices) caused by herbicide-resistant mutations were determined using a recombinant yeast system that allows comparison of the effects of single amino acid mutations in the same biochemical background, avoiding the complexity inherent in the in planta experiments. The effect of six mutations on the sensitivity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase to nine herbicides representing the three chemical classes was studied. A combination of partially overlapping binding sites of the three classes of herbicides and the structure of their variable parts explains cross-resistance among and between the three classes of inhibitors, as well as differences in their specificity. Some degree of resistance was detected for 51 of 54 herbicide/mutation combinations. Introduction of new herbicides targeting acetyl-CoA carboxylase will depend on their ability to overcome the high degree of cross-resistance already existing in weed populations.
Mortality among patients with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease.

SETTING Tertiary referral center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA. OBJECTIVE To estimate the mortality rate and its correlates among persons with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM) disease. DESIGN A retrospective review of 106 patients who were treated at the NIH Clinical Center and met American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America criteria for PNTM. Eligible patients were aged ⩾18 years and did not have cystic fibrosis or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. RESULTS Of 106 patients followed for a median of 4.9 years, 27 (25%) died during follow-up, for a mortality rate of 4.2 per 100 person-years. The population was predominantly female (88%) and White (88%), with infrequent comorbidities. Fibrocavitary disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-8.3) and pulmonary hypertension (aHR 2.1, 95%CI 0.9-5.1) were associated with a significantly elevated risk of mortality in survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS PNTM remains a serious public health concern, with a consistently elevated mortality rate across multiple populations. Significant risk factors for death include fibrocavitary disease and pulmonary hypertension. Further research is needed to more specifically identify clinical and microbiologic factors that jointly influence disease outcome.
Snakebite admissions in Zimbabwe: pattern, clinical presentation and management.

OBJECTIVE To describe the toxicoepidemiology of snakebite admissions to eight major referral hospitals in Zimbabwe. DESIGN Retrospective and descriptive case review. SETTING Four central hospitals (i.e., Harare, Parirenyatwa, Mpilo and United Bulawayo Hospitals) and four provincial hospitals (i,e., Gwanda, Bindura, Gweru and Mutare hospitals). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parameters assessed for included patient demographics e.g. age and gender, length of hospital stay, circumstances leading to snakebite, season and time of day of bite, culprit species, clinical presentation, management before and after admission, and outcome. RESULTS There were a total of 273 admissions due to snakebite. Over 60% of bites were to the feet and about 36% were to the arms and hands. The type of snake involved was recorded in 14.6% (40) the cases with puff adders (Bitis arietans) being the most commonly implicated species. First aid and other pre-hospital treatments were recorded in 38 cases with tourniquets employed in 24 cases (63.2%) and 13 patients visiting a traditional medical practitioner before going to hospital. There were similar proportions of males to females admitted with snakebite and the case fatality rate in this study was 2.9%. CONCLUSION Most bites from snakes in Zimbabwe occur to the feet and are probably from puff adders. The torniquet appears to be the most commonly employed first aid measure for snakebite in Zimbabwe, and snakebite victims still consult traditional healers.
The lived experience of family caregivers who provided end-of-life care to persons with advanced dementia

Abstract Objective: Dementia is a terminal illness, and family caregivers play a vital role in providing end-of-life care to their relative. The present study begins to address the paucity of research regarding end-of-life caregiving experience with dementia. Method: This study utilized Munhall's methodology for interpretive phenomenology. Seven women and four men were interviewed two to three times within a year of their relative's death; interviews were transcribed verbatim and hermeneutically analyzed. Results: Findings reveal two essential aspects of end-of-life dementia caregiving: being-with and being-there. Further findings are organized according to the existential life worlds. Examination of the life worlds demonstrates that 1) spatiality provided a sense or lack of feeling welcome to provide end-of-life care; 2) temporality was an eternity or time melting away quickly, or the right or wrong time to die; 3) corporeality revealed feelings of exhaustion; and 4) relationality was felt as a closeness to others or in tension-filled relationships. Significance of results: An understanding from bereaved caregivers’ perspectives will help healthcare practitioners better support and empathize with family caregivers. Further research is warranted that focuses on other places of death and differences in experience based on gender or relationship to the care receiver.
Standard operating procedures for female orgasmic disorder: consensus of the International Society for Sexual Medicine.

INTRODUCTION As the field of sexual medicine evolves, it is important to continually improve patient care by developing contemporary "standard operating procedures" (SOPs), reflecting the consensus view of experts in sexual medicine. Few, if any, consensus SOPs have been developed for the diagnosis and treatment of Female Orgasmic Disorder (FOD). AIM The objective is to provide standard operating procedures for FOD. METHODS The SOP Committee was composed of a chair, selected by the International Society for the Study of Sexual Medicine, and two additional experts. To inform its key recommendations, the Committee used systematic reviews of available evidence and discussions during a group meeting, conference calls and e-mail communications. The Committee received no corporate funding or remuneration. RESULTS A total of 12 recommendations for the assessment and treatment of FOD were generated, including suggestions for further research. CONCLUSIONS Evidence-based, practice recommendations for the treatment of FOD are provided that will hopefully inform clinical decision making for those treating this common condition.
Causality-imposed (Kramers-Kronig) relationships between attenuation and dispersion

Causality imposes restrictions on both the time-domain and frequency-domain responses of a system. The Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations relate the real and imaginary parts of the frequency-domain response. In ultrasonics, K-K relations often are used to link attenuation and dispersion. We review both integral and differential forms of the frequency-domain K-K relations that are relevant to theoretical models and laboratory measurements. We consider two methods for implementing integral K-K relations for the case of finite-bandwidth data, namely, extrapolation of data and restriction of integration limits. For the latter approach, we discuss the accuracy of K-K predictions for specific classes of system behavior and how the truncation of the integrals affects this accuracy. We demonstrate the accurate prediction of attenuation and dispersion using several forms of the K-K relations relevant to experimental measurements of media with attenuation coefficients obeying a frequency power law and media consisting of resonant scatterers. We also review the time-causal relations that describe the time-domain consequences of causality in the wave equation. These relations can be thought of as time-domain analogs of the (frequency-domain) K-K relations. Causality-imposed relations, such as the K-K and time-causal relations, provide useful tools for the analysis of measurements and models of acoustic systems.
Coil-treated aneurysms: decision making regarding additional treatment based on findings of MR angiography and intraarterial DSA.

PURPOSE To assess whether magnetic resonance (MR) angiography can be used as a noninvasive alternative to intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to indicate additional treatment in the follow-up of patients with coil-treated intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an ethics committee-approved multicenter study. Consecutive patients who were scheduled for follow-up intraarterial DSA after coil placement were invited for additional MR angiography after providing written informed consent. Interventional neuroradiologists gave treatment advice (additional treatment, extended follow-up imaging, or discharge from follow-up) for each imaging modality. Agreement between treatment advices based on intraarterial DSA and MR angiographic findings and interobserver agreement were assessed with weighted κ statistics. RESULTS Agreement between intraarterial DSA- and MR angiography-based treatment recommendations was substantial (κ = 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66, 0.80). In 34 of the 310 patients (11%), the advice was additional treatment based on findings of both modalities. In six patients (2%), the advice based on intraarterial DSA findings was additional treatment, while that based on MR angiographic findings was extended follow-up imaging; therefore, none of these patients were discharged from follow-up on the basis of MR angiographic findings. In six other patients (2%), the advice based on MR angiographic findings was additional treatment, while that based on intraarterial DSA findings was extended follow-up imaging (four patients), discharge from follow-up (one patient), and noninterpretable DSA (one patient). Extended follow-up imaging was suggested for 37 patients (12%) after intraarterial DSA and for 49 patients (16%) after MR angiography (difference: 4%; 95% CI: -0.6%, 8.4%). Interobserver agreement was substantial for intraarterial DSA (κ = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.82) and moderate for MR angiography (κ = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.70). CONCLUSION The overall proportion of patients advised to undergo additional treatment is similar based on intraarterial DSA and MR angiographic findings, with only few individual discrepancies. MR angiography can therefore be used for therapeutic decision making in the follow-up of patients with coil-treated aneurysms. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12112608/-/DC1.
Programmatic barriers to providing culturally competent end-of-life care

Despite many efforts to increase access to end-of-life care, culturally diverse groups are still not being served. Interviews of 22 hospice and palliative care program directors in one southeastern state indicated that directors overestimated how well programs are doing in meeting the needs of diverse groups but were very interested in implementing cultural diversity training for their staff. Those who were more concerned about such issues had recruited more diverse volunteers into their programs. The presence of diverse staff or volunteers predicted a more diverse patient population. A number of efforts were underway to develop cultural competence and provide culturally competent care. Several directors reported no efforts in this direction, however. Directors described programmatic barriers and resources needed. The authors concluded that directors should provide leadership in their agencies in welcoming diversity. Implications for further research and work within the larger end-of-life care field are discussed.
Hepatocyte dedifferentiation and extinction is accompanied by a block in the synthesis of mRNA coding for the transcription factor HNF1/LFB1.

The promoter proximal sequences of a group of liver‐specific genes including that of albumin interact with the same hepato‐specific factor named HNF1, LFB1, APF or HP1, a distant member of the homeoprotein family. A distinct protein, termed variant HNF1 (vHNF1), of lower mol. wt but displaying identical sequence specificity is found both in dedifferentiated variants and in an extinguished somatic hybrid that fail to express most or all of the tissue‐specific traits, including albumin. We show here that HNF1 transcripts are present only in differentiated hepatoma cells. No transcripts are detected in dedifferentiated variants or in the extinguished cell hybrid, strongly suggesting that the vHNF1 protein is encoded by a distinct gene. Finally, HNF1 transcripts reappear in revertants to the hepatic phenotype. Run‐on transcription analysis in isolated nuclei demonstrates that the expression of HNF1 in these cell lines is regulated primarily at the transcriptional level. Contrary to HNF1, the mRNAs coding for two other nuclear factors involved in albumin transcription, C/EBP and NF1, do not follow the distribution of albumin transcripts in these cell lines. These results indicate that extinction in somatic hybrids or loss of expression upon dedifferentiation of liver‐specific genes possessing an HNF1 recognition site is caused, at least in part, by a block in HNF1 gene expression.
A cost analysis of reusable and disposable flexible optical scopes for intubation

Intubation using a flexible optical scope (FOS) is a cornerstone technique for managing the predicted and unpredicted difficult airway. The term FOS covers both fibre‐optic scopes and videoscopes. The total costs of using flexible scopes for intubation are unknown. The recent introduction of a disposable flexible scope for intubation merits closer scrutiny of the total costs associated with both modalities.