Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High rate of skin complications due to low‐molecular‐weight heparins in pregnant women

t I^ow-molecularr weight heparins (LMW'H) arc widely used in patients in whom anticoagulantt therapy is indicated and skin complications are considered to be rare. Off 66 consecutive pregnant or postpartum women seen, 29% developed skin complicationss while receiving LMWH . Almost one-fourt h had to switch to another preparationn because of these side elfects, which mainly constituted of delaved hypersensitivit yy reactions and itching. Former use of L M W H and protein C deficiencyy predispose d to skincomplications . Incase of sever e skin complications necessitatin gg discontinuation, another LMW H is tolerated by approximatel y 70% oii the patients. Becausee L M W H remain the drug of first choice in pregnant women, both physiciann and patient have to be aware of these adverse effects. Introduction n Low-molecularr weight heparins (LMWH ) are widely used in patients in whom anticoagulantt therapy is indicated. Side effects include bleeding, hepari n induced thrombocytopenia ,, and hypersensitivit y reactions '. Skin complications due to L M W HH use are considered to be rare, but their incidence is likely to be underreportedd ~. 1 hey vary from an urticarial rash (type I immediate hypersensitivityy reaction), to erythematous lesions (delayed type IV hypersensitivit y reaction)) and, exceptionally, skin necrosis. LMW HH are considered safe and effective in pregnant and lactatmg women '\ In systemati cc reviews of L M W H use during pregnancy or the postpartum period, the reportedd incidences of generalise d skin reactions were low, i.e. 0.3% 0,6% . We reportt here a remarkabl y higher rate of skin complications.
The behaviour of the plasma membrane during plasmolysis: a study by UV microscopy

A high resolution ultraviolet (UV) bright‐field microscope was used to analyse the formation of Hechtian strands and the Hechtian reticulation that remain attached to the cell wall after plasmolysis and deplasmolysis of onion inner epidermal cells. In real time video images, UV microscopy allowed a detailed investigation of the dynamic behaviour of the plasma membrane during the processes of osmotic water loss and uptake. Furthermore, the role of cytoskeletal elements as possible linkers of the plasma membrane to the cell wall was probed by application of cytoskeletal drugs during plasmolysis. Microtubules were depolymerized in oryzalin, and latrunculin B was used to destabilize actin microfilaments. The results showed no visible changes in the formation of the Hechtian reticulation or strands. Plasmolysis forms appeared to be normal, indicating stong membrane‐to‐wall attachments independent of cytoskeletal elements. During re‐expansion of the protoplast in deplasmolysis, the plasma membrane incorporated Hechtian strands and subprotoplasts, fused with the Hechtian reticulation and finally realigned at the cell wall.
Oxidative stress and the regulation of complement activation in human glaucoma.

PURPOSE As part of ongoing studies on proteomic alterations during glaucomatous neurodegeneration, this study focused on the complement system. METHODS Human retinal protein samples obtained from donor eyes with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) glaucoma were analyzed by a quantitative proteomic approach using mass spectrometry. Cellular localization of protein expression for different complement components and regulators were also determined by immunohistochemical analysis of an additional group of human donor eyes with glaucoma (n = 34) compared with age-matched control eyes without glaucoma (n = 20). In addition, to determine the regulation of complement factor H (CFH) by oxidative stress, in vitro experiments were performed using rat retinal cell cultures incubated in the presence and absence of an oxidant treatment. RESULTS Proteomic analysis detected the expression and differential regulation of several complement components in glaucomatous samples, which included proteins involved in the classical and the lectin pathways of complement activation. In addition, several complement regulatory proteins were detected in the human retinal proteome, and glaucomatous samples exhibited a trend toward downregulation of CFH expression. In vitro experiments revealed that oxidative stress, which was also prominently detectable in the glaucomatous human retinas, downregulated CFH expression in retinal cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings expand the current knowledge of complement activation by presenting new evidence in human glaucoma and support that despite important roles in tissue cleaning and healing, a potential deficiency in intrinsic regulation of complement activation, as is evident in the presence of oxidative stress, may lead to uncontrolled complement attack with neurodestructive consequences.
Weight gain in patients with tuberculosis treated under directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS).

UNLABELLED SET UP: One Tuberculosis Unit (TU) in Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India where Tuberculosis (TB) patients treated under Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) programme. OBJECTIVE To identify the effects of weight gain among TB patients at the end of treatment on different factors such as socio-economic and demographic characteristics, smoking and drinking habits, treatment under supervision, the type of DOTS centres and problems in taking drugs. METHODS TB patients registered between May 1999 and December 2004 formed the study population. Multiple regression method was used for the analysis. RESULTS Among 1557 smear-positive TB patients registered under DOTS programme, the changes in weight ranged from a loss of 4 kgs to a gain of 20 kgs at the end of TB treatment; the average change in weight was 3.22 kgs. The gain in weight at the end of treatment was associated with age (<45 years), DOT at government centres, no problems in taking drugs as reported by patients and cure rate. CONCLUSION The findings showed that there is an association between gain in weight with DOT at government centres and cure of patients.
Ochratoxin A-induced teratogenesis in rats: partial protection by phenylalanine

Ochratoxin A (OA), an important foodborne mycotoxin, is a potent teratogenic and nephrotoxic agent produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. OA is a known inhibitor of protein synthesis via competition with phenylalanine (Phe) in the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase-catalyzed reaction. It also has been reported that a variety of toxic effects of OA can be prevented by Phe. This study was designed to determine whether Phe could prevent or diminish the teratogenic effects of OA in rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with a single individual dose of OA (1.75 mg/kg) alone or in combination with a single dose of Phe (20 mg/kg) or in combination with either a single or daily dose of Phe (25 mg/kg). OA dissolved in 5% sodium bicarbonate and Phe dissolved in normal saline were administered subcutaneously on gestation day 7 to rats. The incidences of OA-induced fetal malformations (gross and skeletal) were significantly diminished in the presence of added Phe. These results indicate that coadministered Phe provides partial prenatal protection from the teratogenic effects of OA.
Basic Emotion Recognition and Psychopathology in Schizophrenia

Socio-emotional competence is a key aspect of schizophrenia, both in terms of psychopathological vulnerability and outcome. In this respect, current research increasingly emphasizes the importance of deficits in facial expression recognition. The focus of the present study is the performance in recognizing 6 basic emotions (sadness, anger, happiness, fear, disgust, surprise) which play an essential role in shaping daily function and interpersonal interactions. A group of 20 patients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia were compared with a group of 20 matched controls on a facial expression recognition task, derived from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (Lundqvist D, Flykt A, Öhmann A (1998) The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF). Stockholm (Sweden): Karolinska Institute), and were subsequently assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Facial expression recognition performance was significantly more impaired in patients, and was selectively correlated with the positive and cognitive dimensions of the positive and negative syndrome scale. Furthermore, significant group differences were found with respect to happiness and surprise.
Concentration and temperature-driven phase transitions in the NdAlO3-EuAlO3 system

Phase and structural behaviour in the NdAlO<inf>3</inf>-EuAlO<inf>3</inf> system has been studied in a whole concentration range. Depending on x two kinds of solid solutions Nd<inf>1−x</inf>Eu<inf>x</inf>AlO<inf>3</inf> one with rhombohedral (x ≤ 0.15) and one with orthorhombic (x ≥ 0.25) symmetry exist at room temperature. A morphotropic phase transition occurs at x ≈ 0.20, where the co-existence of both phases was observed. First-order structural phase transition Pbnm↔R 3 c has been detected in Nd<inf>0.6</inf>Eu<inf>0.4</inf>AlO<inf>3</inf> at 627 K both from in situ high-temperature X-ray synchrotron powder diffraction and thermal analysis data.
Effects of increasing income on polydrug use: a comparison of heroin, cocaine and alcohol abusers.

AIMS To assess how income affects hypothetical drug and non-drug purchasing decisions. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Ninety-four subjects (26 heroin abusers, 28 cocaine abusers, 15 alcohol abusers and 25 non-drug using controls) were recruited from advertisements. INTERVENTION Subjects were exposed to six conditions in which they "purchased" drugs as well as food, housing, and entertainment as income rose from $30 to $560 per day. FINDINGS Heroin abusers selected significantly more hypothetical heroin and cocaine as income rose and demand for these two drugs was income elastic, with purchases rising in greater proportion than income. Cocaine abusers significantly increased purchases of, and showed income elastic demand for, cocaine and alcohol. Among alcohol abusers, significant increases in purchases and income elastic demand were found for alcohol and cigarettes, but not for other drugs. Across all four groups, demand for rent and food were income inelastic, such that purchases did not rise in proportion to the changes in income, while demand for entertainment was income elastic. Hypothetical choices were reliable between and within subjects, and drug choices were correlated with urinalysis results and life-time years of drug use. CONCLUSIONS Income is an important variable in understanding choices for drug and non-drug commodities across a variety of substance-abusing populations.
The THO/TREX Complex Active in miRNA Biogenesis Negatively Regulates Root-Associated Acid Phosphatase Activity Induced by Phosphate Starvation1[OPEN]

The THO/TREX complex negatively regulates phosphate starvation-induced root-associated acid phosphatase activity by suppressing ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. Induction and secretion of acid phosphatases (APases) is an adaptive response that plants use to cope with P (Pi) deficiency in their environment. The molecular mechanism that regulates this response, however, is poorly understood. In this work, we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, hps8, which exhibits enhanced APase activity on its root surface (also called root-associated APase activity). Our molecular and genetic analyses indicate that this altered Pi response results from a mutation in the AtTHO1 gene that encodes a subunit of the THO/TREX protein complex. The mutation in another subunit of this complex, AtTHO3, also enhances root-associated APase activity under Pi starvation. In Arabidopsis, the THO/TREX complex functions in mRNA export and miRNA biogenesis. When treated with Ag+, an inhibitor of ethylene perception, the enhanced root-associated APase activity in hps8 is largely reversed. hpr1-5 is another mutant allele of AtTHO1 and shows similar phenotypes as hps8. ein2 is completely insensitive to ethylene. In the hpr1-5ein2 double mutant, the enhanced root-associated APase activity is also greatly suppressed. These results indicate that the THO/TREX complex in Arabidopsis negatively regulates root-associated APase activity induced by Pi starvation by inhibiting ethylene signaling. In addition, we found that the miRNA399-PHO2 pathway is also involved in the regulation of root-associated APase activity induced by Pi starvation. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptive response of plants to Pi starvation.
Commentary on Symptom Experience of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Patients

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex and rapidly progressing illness with few long-term treatment options to prolong life and improve quality of life. The complexity of the disease predisposes patients to a multitude of symptoms that have an effect on their biopsychosocial well-being. McDonough et al. have taken a qualitative approach to examine the dimensions of PAH symptomology. Using a telephone survey approach, 10 patients were questioned regarding their symptoms. Following coding and categorization of the responses, two main themes were found, “holding back” and redefining life. ” The primary symptom associated with holding back was breathlessness. This symptom largely governed fears and behaviors associated with subthemes found within this main theme. Breathlessness also featured in the redefining life category; however, practical issues associated with medication and treatment were also assigned importance in this category by the study respondents. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were counteracted in many instances by a positive and sometimes stoic attitude toward the illness. This study presents important foundational information which will help direct further development of theoretical hypothesis related to PAH symptomology, as well as help focus clinical research toward venues that will enhance nursing care of this complex disease.
Polycystic ovary syndrome: chemical pharmacotherapy

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disease among women of childbearing age. The clinical features are heterogeneous and vary in intensity. Hirsutism, menstrual disorders and infertility are the most frequent conditions observed; however, long-term complications (dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, endometrial cancer) are also often described. Each disorder may be managed by tailored strategies, employing sequential or combined pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological treatment. Areas covered: The authors review the drugs used for PCOS management and discuss new approaches. A systematic MEDLINE search regarding the randomized controlled trials, retrospective and observational studies about medical treatments of PCOS, the Cochrane library for reviews and also search for registered trials on ClinicalTrials.gov is performed. Expert opinion: A uniform treatment for PCOS patients does not exist. Clinicians should perform an accurate evaluation of patients’ characteristics, identifying the phenotypic target and, subsequently, the best-tailored treatment to manage one or more clinical issues. Lifestyle intervention should always be the first recommended approach unless other issues indicate that drug or hormonal interventions are superior.
Transcranial Doppler Series Part IV: Case Studies

ABSTRACT. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is considered one of the most difficult ultrasound studies to perform. Knowledge of cerebral hemodynamics is essential to the interpretation of the TCD study. The most common uses for TCD are the evaluation for vasospasm after sub-arachnoid hemorrhage and for sickle cell vasculopathy. Other uses are the detection of vessel narrowing or occlusion, collateral flow secondary to internal carotid artery occlusion, arteriovenous malformations, and to confirm cerebral circulatory arrest. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the hemodynamic parameters that are used to interpret the TCD study.
Astrocytes from Forebrain, Cerebellum, and Spinal Cord Differ in Their Responses to Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Abstract: Astrocytes from cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord responded to isoproterenol and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) with increases in intracellular cyclic AMP levels. The response to VIP was as great as that to isoproterenol in cortical astrocytes (180–fold and 185–fold, respectively), and the effect of VIP in combination with isoproterenol was partially additive. Spinal cord astrocytes also responded to VIP and isoproterenol with equal potency (seven‐ to ninefold and eight‐to 13–fold, respectively), but the level of response was much smaller than in cortex. Spinal cord astrocytes were synergistic in their response to VIP and isoproterenol. The response to VIP was lowest in cerebellar astrocytes (only threefold), and no additivity was observed when VIP was added together with isoproterenol. A small response to α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) was also observed in cortex and cerebellum, but not in spinal cord. Somatostatin inhibited the response to isoproterenol in cortex and cerebellum, but had no effect in spinal cord. The results from the above study show that astrocytes obtained from these three regions of the rat CNS express quite different responses to NIP and α‐MSH and further point to possible astrocyte heterogeneity.
Evidence for Competitive Inhibition of Iodide Uptake by Perchlorate and Translocation of Perchlorate into the Thyroid

Various published data sets that investigate the potential effect of exogenous perchlorate ( ClO 4 − ) on the uptake of iodide in the thyroid and subsequent changes in thyroid hormone levels are available. In order to best use the data towards the prediction of human health effects resulting from ClO 4 − exposure, the available literature data must be integrated into a self-consistent, coherent, and parsimonious quantitative model based on the most likely mode of action of perchlorate effect on thyroid function. We submit that the simplest mode of action for ClO 4 − in the thyroid that remains consistent with all available data involves competitive inhibition of iodide transport into the thyroid follicle, transport of perchlorate into the thyroid follicle against a concentration gradient, further transport into the thyroid lumen (where it may again interfere with iodide transport), and, finally, passive diffusion back into the blood. We believe this description of perchlorate’s kinetic behavior should serve as the foundation for predictive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models and as a working hypothesis for further experimental exploration.
Treatment of painful bone metastases in prostate and breast cancer patients with the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical rhenium-188-HEDP

Summary Aim: Rhenium-188-HEDP (188Re-HEDP) is an effective radiopharmaceutical for the palliative treatment of osteoblastic bone metastases. However, only limited data on its routine use are available and its effect on quality of life (QoL) has not been studied. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical benefit of 188Re-HEDP in routine clinical care. Patients and methods: Prostate or breast cancer patients with painful bone metastases receiving 188Re-HEDP as a routine clinical procedure were eligible for evaluation. Clinical benefit was assessed in terms of efficacy and toxicity. Pain palliation and QoL were monitored using the visual analogue scale (VAS), corrected for opioid intake, and the EORTC QLQ-C30 Global health status/QoL-scale. Thrombocyte and leukocyte nadirs were used to assess haematological toxicity. Results: 45 and 47 patients were evaluable for pain palliation and QoL, respectively. After a single injection of 188Re-HEDP, the overall pain response rate was 69% and mean VAS-scores decreased relevantly and significantly (p < 0.05). Repeated treatment resulted in similar pain response. The overall QoL response rate was 68% and mean Global health status/QoL-scores increased relevantly and significantly. Haematological side effects were mild and transient. Conclusion: The clinically relevant response on pain and quality of life and the limited adverse events prove clinical benefit of treatment with 188Re-HEDP and support its use in routine clinical care. Its effectiveness appears comparable to that of external beam radiotherapy.
The effect of endocrinological manipulations on tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activities in individual hypothalamic nuclei of the adult male rat.

Using a recently developed microdissection method, individual hypothalamic nuclei were removed from the brains of adult male rats, and the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-β- hydroxylase (DBH) activities in each nucleus were determined 9 days after adrenalectomy, thyroidectomy or gonadectomy. Following gonadectomy there was a significant rise in the TH activity in only the median eminence (ME). This increased TH activity was partially reversed by treatment of gonadectomized animals with testosterone. Thyroidectomy induced a significant increase in the TH activity in the ME, the dorsomedial (NDM), the periventricular (NPE) and the arcuate (NARC) nuclei. Twelve hr after administration of thyroxine, the TH activity in the ME of thyroidectomized rats was significantly reduced to levels below those of controls, whereas the TH activities of the other nuclei were returned to control values. Adrenalectomy produced a significant fall in TH activity in the ME, whereas dexamethasone significantly increased the.
Impact of parity on obstetric and neonatal outcome of external cephalic version

Summary This study sought to investigate the impact of parity on the outcome of external cephalic version (ECV) over a 3-year period. In the study, 163 women with singleton uncomplicated breech pregnancy at term were offered ECV and 103 (63%) underwent the procedure. In 42 women, ECV was successful and 74% had a vaginal vertex delivery; whereas 61 women had a failed ECV and none had a vaginal vertex delivery. The probability of vaginal vertex delivery after ECV increased five-fold in nulliparous women (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1 – 42.8) and four-fold (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3 – 11.5) in multiparous women. After successful ECV, 50% of nulliparous women and 88.5% of multiparous women had a vaginal vertex delivery (p = 0.006). Neonatal outcome was favourable in all patients. We conclude that parity has little impact on efficacy of ECV, but significantly influences the overall chance of vaginal vertex delivery in women with an uncomplicated breech presentation at term.
Study of Single-Charge Polarization on a Pair of Charge Qubits Integrated Onto a Silicon Double Single-Electron Transistor Readout

This paper reports on integration of two silicon (Si) charge quantum bits (qubits) and series-connected double single-electron transistors (DSETs) as readout for the first time. We design and fabricate the DSETs composed of double quantum dots (DQDs) connected in series with two side gates patterned on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. The individual SETs are sufficiently sensitive to detect single-charge polarization on the adjacent charge qubits. The fabricated DSETs are characterized at a temperature of 4.2 K by changing the gate voltages applied to the two side gates. The measured Coulomb oscillation characteristics exhibit a clearly defined hexagon pattern, manifesting that the patterned DQDs of the DSETs, indeed, act as interacting charging islands. These results agree very well with the results of equivalent circuit simulation combined with 3-D capacitance simulation. Furthermore, we simulate how single-charge configurations on two charge qubits are sensed with the DSETs by using the measured electrical characteristics for the DSET and the equivalent model. Finally, the scaling-up properties of the proposed system to multiple single-electron transistors (MSETs) are discussed by simulating triple single-electron transistors (TSETs) with triple qubits.