Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REDUCTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CERULEIN-INDUCED ACUTE PANCREATITIS BY TREATMENT WITH M40401, A NEW SELECTIVE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE MIMETIC

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the early stage of acute pancreatitis, as well as in the associated multiple organ injury. This study tests the hypothesis that M40401, a new superoxide dismutase mimetic, attenuates experimental acute pancreatitis. Intraperitoneal injection of cerulein in mice resulted in a severe, acute pancreatitis that was characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, tissue hemorrhage, and cell necrosis, as well as increases in the serum levels of amylase and/or lipase. The infiltration of the pancreatic tissue of these animals with neutrophils (measured as an increase in myeloperoxidase activity) was associated with expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, as well as signs of enhanced lipid peroxidation (e.g., increased tissue levels of malondialdehyde). Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase in the staining (immunoreactivity) for nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in the pancreas of cerulein-treated mice. In contrast, the degree of pancreatic inflammation and tissue injury (histological score), the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, the staining for nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and lipid peroxidation were markedly reduced in pancreatic tissue sections obtained from cerulein-treated mice administered with M40401. These results confirm our hypothesis that superoxide anions play an important role in cerulein-mediated acute pancreatitis and support the possible clinical use of low-molecular-weight synthetic superoxide dismutase mimetics in those conditions that are associated with overproduction of superoxide.
Collaborative technological innovation in an academic, user-oriented Big Science facility

The innovation systems framework enables a view of innovation as a process involving different actors in different constellations, but it has nonetheless most often been paired with quantitatively oriented studies of patents, licences and spin-offs. In this article, the authors use two cases of technological innovation at an academically organized but user-oriented research facility for experiments in a variety of natural science disciplines. They analyse the academic organization of the lab and its durable and symbiotic relationship with its user community and commercial firms in relevant technological areas to show that technological innovation with scientific as well as commercial relevance can take place in constellations where trust and mutual benefit have replaced formalized practices such as patenting. The article contributes to our understanding of how contemporary Big Science is organized and how it can support technology transfer and the commercialization of research and technologies.
Detailed mapping of seismic anisotropy with local shear waves in southeastern Kamchatka

SUMMARY The Kamchatka Peninsula lies over a vigorous subduction zone where Pacific and North American plates converge at a rate of almost 80 mm yr −1 . Earthquakes associated with the subduction process provide an excellent source of seismic data for the study of anisotropic properties of the upper mantle and crust overlying the downgoing lithospheric slab. We collected a large set of shear waves from events within the slab recorded by a variety of seismic stations in Kamchatka. Data from permanent and temporary networks cover the entire ∼700 km length of the subduction zone, with 50‐200 km spacing between observing sites, resulting in an unprecedented coverage of the supraslab mantle wedge. We estimated shear wave splitting in selected S waves using two techniques and applied quality tests to ensure measurement stability. Fast directions vary from station to station, and they can vary with backazimuth at individual stations and with direction of propagation for individual sources. In over 350 measurements we recovered meaningful splitting delays, up to 1 s, with most delays in the 0.2‐0.6 s range. Additionally, in nearly 200 measurements splitting could not be resolved, yielding ‘NULL’ observations. Anisotropic properties of the Kamchatka supraslab mantle wedge vary greatly along the volcanic arc and forearc of the subduction zone. Observed anisotropic indicators in the arc and forearc correlate spatially with some tectonic features (e.g. volcanoes). Inland of the volcanic arc most splitting values indicate trench-parallel fast polarization. We do not observe depth dependence in local S-wave splitting delays, consistent with a shallow coherence of anisotropic texture. In the vicinity of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky observed anisotropic indicators are coherently trench-normal, and thus consistent with 2-D corner flow. However, splitting above the fragmented slab edge near the Klyuchevskoy volcanic centre is variable and trench-oblique. Birefringence between Petropavlovsk and Klyuchevskoy is weak. Overall, our observations are incompatible with a regional slab-driven corner flow regime.
Transmit Signal Design in Colocated MIMO Radar Without Covariance Matrix Optimization

In this paper, the problem of the waveform design for colocated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars is considered in two parts. In the first part, we design transmit waveform in order to approximate the desired beampattern with low number of samples in the transmitter. Unlike the traditional waveform design methods, in our solution, waveforms are designed for a specific number of samples. Also, the constant envelope constraint that is an important practical constraint is considered. In the second part, we jointly design the transmit waveform and receive filter by a sequential algorithm, considering a priori information of target and interference angle locations. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed algorithms via numerical simulations and shown that the proposed algorithm in the first part is able to approximate the desired beampattern with low number of samples. Also, our method in the second part achieves better signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio performance compared with the existing active sensing array methods (e.g., phased-array and correlated MIMO radars).
Anaesthetic considerations for tracheal resection in oncological thyroid surgeries

Thyroid cancers infiltrating the trachea are uncommon, and management of these cases is challenging, requiring skilful anaesthesia and surgery. [1] Most patients with thyroid cancers have well-differentiated histology, and they carry an excellent prognosis. However, a small subset of patients has extra-thyroid spread. Involvement of trachea occurs in about 1/3rd of locally advanced thyroid cancers. In well-selected patients, complete excision of the disease with good pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative care can provide long survival and good palliation.
Systolic Heart Failure and Anesthetic Considerations

Heart failure (HF) is the fastest growing cardiac diagnosis in North America in patients over 65 years and is the only cardiovascular disease that is increasing in incidence, prevalence, and mortality. HF is defined as a clinical syndrome in which the cardiac output cannot meet the metabolic demands of the body or requires elevated filling pressures to meet this demand, resulting in end-organ damage. HF can be because of isolated left ventricular (LV) systolic or diastolic dysfunction, or, more commonly, a combination of both. This review will focus on the perioperative management of patients with LV systolic dysfunction for both cardiac and noncardiac surgery.
The effects of non-invasive respiratory support on oropharyngeal temperature and humidity: a neonatal manikin study

Objective Heating and humidification of inspired gases is routine during neonatal non-invasive respiratory support. However, little is known about the temperature and humidity delivered to the upper airway. The International Standards Organization (ISO) specifies that for all patients with an artificial airway humidifiers should deliver ≥33 g/m3 absolute humidity (AH). We assessed the oropharyngeal temperature and humidity during different non-invasive support modes in a neonatal manikin study. Methods Six different modes of non-invasive respiratory support were applied at clinically relevant settings to a neonatal manikin, placed in a warmed and humidified neonatal incubator. Oropharyngeal temperature and relative humidity (RH) were assessed using a thermohygrometer. AH was subsequently calculated. Results Measured temperature and RH varied between devices. Bubble and ventilator continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) produced temperatures >34°C and AH >38 g/m3. Variable flow CPAP resulted in lower levels of AH than bubble or ventilator CPAP, and AH decreased with higher gas flow. High-flow (HF) therapy delivered by Optiflow Junior produced higher AH with higher gas flow, whereas with Vapotherm HF the converse was true. Conclusions Different non-invasive devices deliver inspiratory gases of variable temperature and humidity. Most AH levels were above the ISO recommendation; however, with some HF and variable flow CPAP devices at higher gas flow this was not achieved. Clinicians should be aware of differences in the efficacy of heating and humidification when choosing modes of non-invasive respiratory support.
Using Discretionary Loan Loss Provisions

This paper investigates Japanese bank managers’ use of the discretionary component of loan loss provisions to manage earnings during the recession of the late 25 1990s. Although studies of US banks document that bank managers use loan loss provisions to smooth earnings, manage regulatory capital, and signal undervalua27 tion, factors that may affect discretionary loan loss provisions in Japanese banks have not been empirically examined. We find that discretionary loan loss provisions 29 for our sample of Japanese banks are positively related to the demand for external financing, realized securities gains, and prior year taxes and are negatively related 31
Physically Abused Adolescents: Behavior Problems, Functional Impairment, and Comparison of Informants' Reports

Objective. This study, like earlier studies that focused on younger abused children, ascertained whether physically abused adolescents exhibited increased internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Relevance to pediatric practice is discussed. Design. A cross-sectional design was used to compare the behavior of physically abused adolescents and comparison adolescents using self-reports, parent reports, and teacher reports. The level of agreement among raters was also examined. Participants. The subjects were 99 physically abused adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years, who were recruited from Child Protective Services. Comparison subjects were 99 community-recruited nonabused adolescents who were matched for age, gender, and income with the abused adolescents. Measures. The behavior of the adolescents was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist, and the comparable Youth Self-Report and Teacher Report Form, which are widely used measures of behavioral and emotional problems. The Child Global Assessment Scale was also used as a measure of functional impairment and of the need for mental health services. Results. Parents and teachers rated the problems of abused adolescents as significantly greater than the problems of nonabused adolescents on all checklist subscales. Abused adolescents reported significantly greater problems only on externalizing behavior subscales. In addition, based on interviewer ratings, physically abused adolescents exhibited significantly greater functional impairment. Conclusions. Similar to previous research on abused children, physically abused adolescents exhibit externalizing and internalizing behavior problems and experience greater functional impairment. Parent, teacher, and adolescent reports of externalizing behaviors were similar, but physically abused adolescents reported fewer internalizing behaviors than did the other informants.
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) attenuates oxidative stress induction in erythrocytes of sickle cell disease patients

A doenca falciforme promove anemia hemolitica e oclusao dos pequenos vasos, causados pela presenca de altas concentracoes de hemoglobina S, cujas consequencias incluem a producao aumentada de especies reativas de oxigenio e diminuicao da capacidade de defesa antioxidante. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a acao protetora de um extrato padronizado de Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761), selecionado devido ao seu alto conteudo de flavonoides e terpenoides, em eritrocitos de pacientes com anemia falciforme (HbSS, eritrocitos SS) submetidos ao estresse oxidativo usando terc-butil-hidroperoxido e 2,2-azobis-(amidinopropano)-diidrocloreto, in vitro. Indices de hemolise, glutationa reduzida, concentracao de metemoglobina, peroxidacao lipidica e especies reativas de oxigenio foram determinados. Eritrocitos de pacientes com anemia falciforme apresentaram taxas aumentadas de oxidacao da hemoglobina e peroxidacao lipidica e a concentracao de EGb 761 necessaria para atingir o mesmo efeito antioxidante foi pelo menos duas vezes maior em relacao aos eritrocitos normais (HbAA, eritrocitos AA), inibindo a formacao de especies reativas de oxigenio (IC50 de 13.6 µg/mL), prevenindo parcialmente a peroxidacao lipidica (IC50 de 242.5 µg/mL) e prevenindo a hemolise (IC50 de 10.5 µg/mL). Portanto, EGb 761 possui um efeito benefico no estado oxidativo dos eritrocitos SS. Entretanto, o EGb 761 nao preveniu a oxidacao da hemoglobina e da glutationa reduzida, nas concentracoes examinadas.
Innovation with Limited Resources: Management Lessons from the German Mittelstand

German Mittelstand firms are globally recognized for their innovation, especially regarding product, process, and service innovation. So what can scholars and managers across the globe learn from the success story of German Mittelstand innovation? Drawing on information collected on innovative Mittelstand firms and extant knowledge on innovation, the resource-based view, and family firm research, the authors investigate how these highly innovative firms flourish and achieve high innovation performance despite the severe financial and human capital resource constraints they face as compared with larger corporations. The authors then present a model identifying and integrating six salient traits of such firms that allow them to efficiently orchestrate their resources to innovate and outcompete their competitors in the global market, enabling those firms to overcome their resource-related weaknesses and turn them into strengths. Specifically, these traits are: niche focus and customer collaboration, globalization strategy, preference for self-financing, long-run mindset, superior employee relations, and community embeddedness. The power of this Mittelstand approach takes full effect only when all six traits operate in an integrated fashion, and the proposed resource-based model serves as a starting point for a more holistic and comprehensive understanding of firm ability to innovate and successfully compete within a specific context. The article outlines the implications of the model of German Mittelstand innovation for research conducted in different fields including innovation, entrepreneurship, strategy, dynamic capabilities, ecosystems, and family business. Finally, the article proposes a future research agenda aimed at improving current understanding of the German Mittelstand “innovation strategy” and its transferability to other contexts, and outlines practical implications for owners and managers worldwide wanting to emulate the German Mittelstand innovation model.
Handling Cold-Start Problem in Review Spam Detection by Jointly Embedding Texts and Behaviors

Solving cold-start problem in review spam detection is an urgent and significant task. It can help the on-line review websites to relieve the damage of spammers in time, but has never been investigated by previous work. This paper proposes a novel neural network model to detect review spam for cold-start problem, by learning to represent the new reviewers’ review with jointly embedded textual and behavioral information. Experimental results prove the proposed model achieves an effective performance and possesses preferable domain-adaptability. It is also applicable to a large scale dataset in an unsupervised way.
Why People Confess to Crimes They Did Not Commit

See inside article. Copyright Information: All rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Contact the author or original publisher for any necessary permissions. eScholarship is not the copyright owner for deposited works. Learn more at http://www.escholarship. org/help_copyright. html#reuse UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal Why People Confess to Crimes They Did Not Commit: The Unexpected Ease of False Confession
A Null Model of Morphospace Occupation

Progress in understanding the relationship between lineage diversity, morphological diversity, and morphospace dynamics has been hampered by the lack of an appropriate null model of morphospace occupation. In this article, we introduce a simple class of models based on branching random walks (BRWs) for continuous traits. We show that many of the observed patterns of morphospace occupation might be simply a consequence of the dynamics of BRWs and therefore might not require special explanations. We also provide expected patterns of morphospace occupation according to a number of different conditions. In particular, we model BRWs on neutral landscapes and demonstrate that clumping in morphospace is possible even in the absence of adaptive landscapes with well‐defined peaks and valleys. The quantitative definition of the BRW provides a means to analyze, both computationally and analytically, patterns of morphospace occupation according to different hypotheses.
Transpositions in stator bars of large turbogenerators

A method to calculate circulating currents in the bars, especially double Roebel bars of the stator winding of synchronous machines is presented, different physical modeling is discussed, and results of calculations and measurements are explained. In synchronous machines, especially in large turbogenerators with direct water cooling of the stator winding, the bars consist often of two simple Roebel bars integrated in a double bar (twin bar). In these bars, circulating currents produce local losses which may lead to an overheating of the cooling medium. Double Roebel bars with cross transpositions avoid such overheating.
Role of the C Terminus of the Interleukin 8 Receptor in Signal Transduction and Internalization*

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and activator. Two IL-8 receptor subtypes, A and B, are expressed in neutrophils. In this work, we analyzed the role of the C terminus domain of the IL-8 receptor on the signal transduction and receptor internalization mechanisms. The IL-8 receptor A was tagged with an epitope corresponding to the monoclonal antibody 1D4 to monitor the localization of the IL-8 receptor. We demonstrated IL-8-dependent receptor internalization by monitoring the density of surface 125I-labeled IL-8 binding sites and by immunofluorescence microscopy. Truncation of the last 27 amino acids of the IL-8 receptor A severely impaired the IL-8-induced internalization of the receptor. Of importance was the observation that binding of IL-8 to receptors A and B triggered a dramatically faster rate of internalization of receptor B than receptor A, suggesting that the heterologous C termini among receptor subtypes modulate the rate of internalization of IL-8 receptors. However, substitution of the C terminus of the receptor subtype A for the C terminus of receptor B reduced the internalization rate of receptor A. Furthermore, we found that the rate of internalization of IL-8 receptor B triggered by IL-8 was faster than the one induced by the IL-8-related peptide, melanoma growth stimulatory activity. Studies with human neutrophils pretreated with 100 nM IL-8 for 5 min revealed a positive and a negative calcium response mediated by receptors A and B, respectively. In contrast, neutrophils pretreated with melanoma growth stimulatory activity showed positive calcium responses to both receptors A and B. These data suggest that the neutrophil responses mediated by IL-8 are modulated by the rate of internalization of receptors.
The effect of food temperature on postprandial metabolism in albatrosses

SUMMARY Heat generated by the specific dynamic action (SDA) associated with feeding is known to substitute for the thermoregulatory costs of cold-exposed endotherms; however, the effectiveness of this depends on food temperature. When food is cooler than core body temperature, it is warmed by body heat and, consequently, imposes a thermoregulatory challenge to the animal. The degree to which this cost might be `paid' by SDA depends on the relative timing of food heating and the SDA response. We investigated this phenomenon in two genera of endotherms, Diomedea and Thalassarche albatrosses, by measuring postprandial metabolic rate following ingestion of food at body temperature (40°C) and cooler (0 and 20°C). This permitted us to estimate potential contributions to food warming by SDA-derived heat, and to observe the effect of cold food on metabolic rate. For meal sizes that were∼ 20% of body mass, SDA was 4.22±0.37% of assimilated food energy, and potentially contributed 17.9±1.0% and 13.2±2.2% of the required heating energy of food at 0°C for Diomedea and Thalassarche albatrosses, respectively, and proportionately greater quantities at higher food temperatures. Cold food increased the rate at which postprandial metabolic rate increased to 3.2–4.5 times that associated with food ingested at body temperature. We also found that albatrosses generated heat in excess by more than 50% of the estimated thermostatic heating demand of cold food, a probable consequence of time delays in physiological responses to afferent signals.
Equity Investment Decisions: Determinants for Retail Investors

Evolution and rationale of management lies in making choices for building the most of resources that are limited in availability. Money is taken as the one amongst the most scarce resources. Therefore, decisions relating to money are taken with extreme caution. Investing is an activity that leads to sacrifice of current consumption of money to some future period with an intention of accumulating some economic value in the meanwhile. Investment in equity has its own specific characteristics. Since individuals differ from each other, retail perspective brings in more complexity to equity investment by adding the element of subjectivity to it. The purpose of this article is to identify variables and their inter-relationships that turn into selection or rejection of equity as an investment avenue by retail investors. It is an attempt to analyze various factors that contribute toward the decision of investing or not investing in equity. Sixteen factors using literature and expert opinion were identified. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is applied for developing a generally relevant framework that establishes relationship among these variables. Further, these variables are identified to be operational, strategic, and outcome variables. The developed framework can be used for optimizing the outcome variables for enhancing the investment efficiency.