Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graft Fixation in Cruciate Ligament

Cruciate ligament reconstruction has progressed dramatically in the last 20 years. Anatomic placement of ligament substitutes has fostered rehabilitation efforts that stress immediate and full range of motion, immediate weightbearing, neuromuscular strength and co-ordination, and early return to athletic competition (3 months). This has placed extreme importance on secure graft fixation at the time of ligament reconstruction. Current ligament substitutes require a bony or soft tissue component to be fixed within a bone tunnel or on the periosteum at a distance from the normal ligament attachment site. Fixation devices have progressed from metal to biodegradable and from far to near-normal native ligament attachment sites. Ideally, the biomechanical properties of the entire graft construct would approach those of the native ligament and facilitate biologic incorporation of the graft. Fixation should be done at the normal anatomic attachment site of the native ligament (aperture fixation) and, over time, allow the biologic return of the histologic transition zone from ligament to fibrocartilage, to calcified fibrocartilage, to bone. The purpose of this article is to review current fixation devices and techniques in cruciate ligament surgery. The importance of secure graft fixation in ligament reconstruction has changed dramatically in the last 20 year-s.Current rehabilitation protocols after knee ligament surgery stress immediate full range of motion, return of neuromuscular function, proprioception, and early weightbearing forces up the kinetic chain. In the early postoperative period
Parents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice on childhood immunization -

Background: The objective of present study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of parents regarding childhood immunization. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in immunization clinic at Vanivilas hospital, a government tertiary care center (G) attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute and a private pediatric clinic (P) in Bengaluru. Data were collected from 200 parents/guardians (100 from each set up) using structured questionnaire administered by the investigators. Results: Out of 200 parents surveyed, 172 (86%) children were found to be fully immunized. The sickness of child was the most common cause (67%) for missing vaccination. A statistically significant proportion of boys (95%) were completely immunized as compared to girls (84%, p
The Influence of Various Attachment Types in Mandibular Implant-retained Overdentures on Maximum Bite Force and EMG

The type of attachment that is used in oral rehabilitation by means of implant-retained mandibular overdentures may influence the retention and the stability of the denture. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that a better retention and stability of the denture improve the oral function. Eighteen edentulous subjects received 2 permucosal implants, a new denture, and, successively, 3 suprastructure modalities. Maximum bite force and electrical activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles were measured. The maximum bite force nearly doubled after treatment for each of the 3 attachments. However, the average bite force after treatment was still only two-thirds of the value obtained for dentate subjects. No large differences in maximum bite force and muscle activity were found among the 3 attachment types. Temporalis activity was significantly lower than masseter activity when subjects clenched without implant support. There was no difference in activity when subjects clenched with implant support.
Roentgen Dose Measurements on a Radiation of Very High Intensity

During experiments with a discharge roentgen tube, glvmg single dose pulses of short duration and very high intensity (SIEVERT (9); LINDELL, SIEVERT & WAHLBERG (5)) it was necessary to know the reliability of the measured dose values. For that reason the performance of some thimble chambers was investigated, with the result that the lack of saturation, depending upon the recombination of ions, was found to be in good agreement with the values which could be predicted by theory, even when the intensity was extremely high (giving dose-rates up to 10 rlsec).
Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Release and Caspase-3-Like Protease Activation During Indomethacin-Induced Apoptosis In Rat Gastric Mucosal Cells (44521)

Indomethacin (IND), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been known to cause gastric mucosal injury as a side effect. Using a rat gastric mucosal cell line, RGM1, we determined whether apoptosis is involved in IND-mediated gastropathy, and whether caspase activation and mitochondrial cytochrome c release play an important role in producing apoptosis of IND-treated RGM1 cells in the presence of serum. IND caused caspase-3-like protease activation followed by apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Caspase-1-like protease activity did not change during IND-induced apoptosis. IND also increased mitochondrial cytochrome c release in a time-dependent fashion. Mitochondrial cytochrome c efflux occurred just before or at the same time as caspase-3-like protease activation, and preceded the increase in apoptotic cell numbers. Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor, inhibited both the increase in caspase-3-like protease activity and apoptosis in IND-treated RGM1 cells but did not affect caspase-1-like protease activity or mitochondrial cytochrome c release. These observations suggest that the apoptosis of gastric mucosal cells could be involved in IND-induced gastropathy, that cytochrome c is released from mitochondria into the cytosol during the early phase of IND-mediated apoptosis, and that subsequent activation of caspase-3-like protease, but not caspase-1-like protease, is required for the execution of apoptosis.
Effects of a photoaging appeal on sun protection attitudes of female adolescents

Introduction Sun Exposure and Skin Cancer Photoaging Sun Tanning and Sun Protection Age arid Gender Differences Motives for Tanning Prevention and Intervention Fear Appeals Implications of using Photoaging in Interventions Summary References Effects of a Photoaging Appeal on Sun Protection Attitudes of Female Adolescents Abstract Introduction Method Tanning Trends and Motivators Health Promotion Photoaging as an Appearance-Based Intervention Overview of the Present Study 1 2 3 4 7 8 10 13 15 19 20 25 27 40 41 42 43 45 47 49 51 Photoaging in Females v Participants 51 Intervention Materials 51 Procedure 52
Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish in Arresting Dentin Caries in Chinese Pre-school Children

Untreated dental caries in Chinese pre-school children is common. This prospective controlled clinical trial investigated the effectiveness of topical fluoride applications in arresting dentin caries. Three hundred seventy-five children, aged 3-5 years, with carious upper anterior teeth were divided into five groups. Children in the first and second groups received annual applications of silver diamine fluoride solution (44,800 ppm F). Sodium fluoride varnish (22,600 ppm F) was applied every three months to the lesions of children in the third and fourth groups. For children in the first and third groups, soft carious tissues were removed prior to fluoride application. The fifth group was the control. Three hundred eight children were followed for 30 months. The respective mean numbers of arrested carious tooth surfaces in the five groups were 2.5, 2.8, 1.5, 1.5, and 1.3 (p < 0.001). Silver diamine fluoride was found to be effective in arresting dentin caries in primary anterior teeth in pre-school children.
Obligatory Role of the Endocardial Endothelium in the Increase of Myocardial Distensibility Induced by Endothelin-1

This study investigated how the endocardial endothelium (EE) and particularly endothelial type B (ETB) receptors influence the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on diastolic distensibility. ET-1 (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) was tested in rabbit papillary muscles (Krebs-Ringer; 1.8 mM CaCl2, 358C) (i) with intact EE (n1⁄4 10), (ii) with damaged EE (0.5% Triton X-100, n 1⁄4 11), and (iii) in the presence of RES-701-1 (selective endothelial ETB1 receptor antagonist, 1 lM, n 1⁄4 6). Additionally, increasing doses (0.1 nM to 1 lM) of Sarafotoxin S6c (SRTXc, a selective ETB receptor agonist) and IRL-1620 (a selective endothelial ETB1 agonist) were studied (i) in muscles with intact EE (n 1⁄4 7 and n 1⁄4 6, respectively) and (ii) after damaging the EE (n 1⁄4 8 and n 1⁄4 7, respectively). In papillary muscles with intact EE, ET-1 induced dose-dependent positive inotropic and lusitropic effects. At 10 nM, active tension (AT) increased 78% 6 17%, maximum velocity of tension rise (dT/dtmax) increased 82% 6 10%, and maximum velocity of tension decline (dT/dtmin) increased 77% 6 17%. These effects were maintained when ET-1 was given after damaging the EE (AT increased 70% 6 12%, dT/dtmax increased 93% 6 14%, and dT/dtmin increased 56% 6 14%), but were significantly reduced in the presence of RES-701-1 (AT increased 30% 6 6%, dT/dtmax increased 37% 6 7%, and dT/ dtmin increased 29% 6 9%). ET-1 reduced resting tension (RT) and increased diastolic distensibility by 3% 6 1%, 5% 6 1%, and 9% 6 2% (at 0.1, 1, and 10 nM, respectively) in muscles with intact EE. This effect was abolished after damaging the EE or in the presence of RES-701-1. In muscles with intact EE, SRTXc had no significant effects, whereas, when given after damaging the EE, SRTXc (1 lM) increased inotropy and lusitropy (AT increased 116% 6 24%, dT/dtmax 110% 6 28%, and dT/dtmin 88% 6 19%) without affecting RT. IRL-1620 dose-dependently decreased AT, dT/dtmax, and dT/dtmin in muscles with intact EE—effects that were abolished after EE damage. No significant effects were elicited by IRL-1620 in RT. ET-1–induced increase in myocardial distensibility, previously shown to be mediated by ETA receptor stimulation, requires an intact EE and active endothelial ETB1 receptors. Exp Biol Med 231:876–881, 2006
Characteristic Ground-Reaction Forces in Baseball Pitching

Overhand throwing requires contributions from and interaction between all limb segments. Most previous investigations have concentrated on the throwing arm itself, yet poor mechanics at the arm may originate in the lower extremities. Multicomponent ground-reaction forces of both the push-off and landing limbs were measured in six collegiate and one high school level baseball pitchers. Full body kinematics were simultaneously recorded to correlate phases in the pitching cycle with the force data. Pitchers were found to generate shear forces of 0.35 body weight in the direction of the pitch with the push-off leg and to resist forces of 0.72 body weight with the landing leg. Wrist velocity was found to correlate highly with increased leg drive. This study validates the clinical impression that the lower extremity is an important contributor to the throwing motion. Based on this study, strengthening of the lower extremities could be inferred to be important both to enhance performance and to avoid injury.
Molecular and Cultural Analysis of the Microflora Associated with Endodontic Infections

Cultural studies have indicated that a subset of the oral microflora is responsible for endodontic infections. Approximately 50% of oral bacteria are unculturable, so it is likely that currently unknown bacteria are present in such infections. In this study, cultural and molecular analyses were performed on the microflora in aspirate samples collected from 5 infected root canals. 16S rDNA sequences from 261 isolates and 624 clones were identified by comparison with database sequences. Sixty-five taxa were identified, of which 26 were found by the molecular method alone. A mean of 20.2 taxa was found in each sample. A new species of Dialister was the only organism present in all 5 samples. Twenty-seven novel taxa were detected, 18 of which belonged to the phylum Firmicutes and 8 to Bacteroidetes. Culture-independent, molecular analysis has revealed a more diverse microflora associated with endodontic infections than that revealed by cultural methods alone.
Metabolic Responses of Periparturient Holstein Cows and Heifers Supplemented with Chromium Picolinate1

Abstract Thirty-four Holstein cows, 18 primiparous and 16 multiparous, were used to determine the effects of supplemental Cr on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during the transition period. From approximately 3 wk prior to anticipated calving date until parturition, Cr-treated cows were given 51 mg Cr picolinate via a gelatin capsule bolus three times weekly, equivalent to an average daily intake of approximately 2 ppm Cr. Control cows were given empty gelatin capsules. All cows were fed total mixed rations, with one ration fed to dry cows, a second to lactating cows for wk 1 of postpartum (transition), and a third to lactating cows thereafter. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture at 1, 2, and 3 wk prior to anticipated calving date as well as immediately following calving, 3 d post calving, and 1, 2, and 3 wk post calving. Samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Within 1 wk prior to calving, a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed, and blood plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of glucose and insulin. Plasma glucose response to the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was evaluated by calculating the half-life and fractional turnover rate for the period from 2 to 19 min after glucose infusion. Supplemental Cr did not affect circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, or NEFA (P>0.1). Plasma NEFA concentrations were greater in primiparous cows (P 0.1). Data suggest that Cr supplementation may alter carbohydrate metabolism in primiparous cows during the transition period.
Original Article Awareness of Lassa Fever in a Rural Community in South West Nigeria

Background: Lassa fever is an acute, virulent viral haemorrhagic illness with high morbidity and mortality rates. Its awareness remain low in sub urban or rural community. This study was carried out to assess the awareness of Lassa fever of a rural community in the south western part of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study of 122 respondents prior to a sensitization seminar on Lassa fever was carried out at Ijebu– Owo, Owo in Ondo State. Interviewer guided questionnaire was used to collect information and analysed with SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were done and frequencies and proportions were used to summarize variables of interest. Association between sociodemographic characteristics and awareness were explored using chi square. Level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 54.5±19.2years. Of the 122 respondents, 50.8% were males, three out of four (73.8%) were married, and 87.7% had secondary education and below. Those who had previously heard about Lassa fever were 17.2%. In all 7(46.7%) who had tertiary education had previously heard about Lassa fever compared to 14(13.1%) respondents who had secondary education and below (p=0.001) Conclusion: The study showed that there was poor awareness of Lassa fever among members of the community. Thus efforts should be made to increase the awareness of the populace through health campaigns, and to reduce the spread of both the vector and the virus.
On the Efficiency of Public, Welfare and Private Hospitals in Germany over Time: A Sectoral Data Envelopment Analysis Study

This paper examines the efficiency of the German hospital sector over time and the relative efficiency of public, welfare (both nonprofit) and private (for-profit) hospital sectors using data from the Federal Statistics Office of German hospitals. Efficiency scores were computed using data envelopment analysis. The absolute efficiency of the hospital sector as a whole was found to have improved between 1991 and 1996. In this comparison, the empirical results showed that the hospitals in the public and welfare sector are relatively more efficient than private hospitals. Our results suggest that public, welfare and private hospital sectors have different best-practice frontiers; and that public and welfare hospital sectors appear to use relatively fewer resources than private hospitals. These results suggest differences in quality of care arising from ownership.
NOVEL TARGETS FOR MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

OF DISSERTATION NOVEL TARGETS FOR MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY Mitochondrial dysfunction is a phenomenon observed in models of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Loss of mitochondrial bioenergetics can result in diminished cellular homeostasis leading to cellular dysfunction and possible cellular death. Consequently, the resultant tissue damage can manifest as functional deficits and/or disease states. Therapeutic strategies to target this mitochondrial dysfunction have been investigated for models TBI and have shown promising effects. For this project, we tested the hypothesis that mitoNEET, a novel mitochondrial membrane protein, is a target for pioglitazone mediated neuroprotection. To test this, we used a severe Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI) injury model in mitoNEET null and wild-type mice. We then dosed these animals with pioglitazone or NL-1, which is a compound that has a similar structure to pioglitazone allowing us to hone in one the importance of mitoNEET binding. Wild-type animals treated with the mitoNEET ligands, both pioglitazone and NL1, had improved mitochondrial function, tissue sparing and functional recovery, compared to mitoNEET null animals. In addition to this specific hypothesis tested, our experiments provided insight casting doubt on the central dogma that mitochondrial dysfunction following TBI is the result of vast oxidative damage and consequential irreversible mitochondrial loss. The data from these studies show that when mitoNEET is targeted with pioglitazone at 12 hours’ post-injury, mitochondrial dysfunction can be reversed. Additionally, when bypassing proteins upstream of Complex I with an alternative biofuel, such as beta-hydroxybuterate (BHB), TBI related mitochondrial dysfunction is once again reversed. This leads to novel hypothesis for future work which posits mitoNEET as a redox sensitive switch; when mitoNEET senses changes in redox, as seen in TBI, it inhibits mitochondrial respiration. When targeted with an agonist/ligand or bypassed with a biofuel TBI mitochondrial dysfunction can be reversed. These studies support the role of mitoNEET in the neuropathological sequelae of brain injury, supporting mitoNEET as a crucial target for pioglitazone mediated neuroprotection following TBI. Lastly, these studies propose a mechanism of TBI related mitochondrial dysfunction which can reversed with pharmacological agents.
Risk Factors in Acquired Faecal Incontinence

Acquired faecal incontinence arising in the non-elderly population is a common and often devastating condition. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis in 629 patients (475 female) referred to a tertiary centre, to determine the relative importance of individual risk factors in the development of faecal incontinence, as demonstrated by abnormal results on physiological testing. Potential risk factors were identified in all but 6% of patients (7 female, 32 male). In women, the principal risk factor was childbirth (91%), and in most cases at least one vaginal delivery had met with complications such as perineal injury or the need for forceps delivery. Of the males, half had undergone anal surgery and this was the only identified risk factor in 59%. In many instances, assignment of cause was hampered by a long interval between the supposed precipitating event and the development of symptoms. Abnormalities of anorectal physiology were identified in 76% of males and 96% of females (in whom they were more commonly multiple). These findings add to evidence that occult damage to the continence mechanism, especially through vaginal delivery and anal surgery, can result in subsequent faecal incontinence, sometimes after an interval of many years.
British adolescents' experiences of an appearance-focussed facial-ageing sun protection intervention: a qualitative study

T he World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that recreational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including exposure to the sun and a history of sunburn, are the primary causes of all melanomas, leading to skin cancer (WHO, 2012). Research has suggested that regular sun protection use, during the first 18 years of a person’s life, can reduce the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer by 78% (Jarrett, Sharp and McLelland, 1993; Severi et al., 2002). Dobbinson et al. (2008) suggest that few studies have targeted adolescents’ sun protection behaviours, and that previous interventions have typically used educational strategies which have been shown to have limited effect on sun protection behaviours. Appearance-related reasons to tan among adolescents are associated with greater intentions to sunbathe and fewer intentions to engage in sun protection behaviours (Asvat, Cafri, Thompson and Jacobsen, 2010). Thus, appearance-based interventions may be particularly useful in this population. Previous appearance-focussed studies on adolescents have used UV photography to show participants pre-existing damage to their skin (Olson et al., 2007; Olson et al., 2008). These studies have found promising results: for example, Olson et al. (2008) found that after viewing the underlying UV damage to their skin one-third of the adolescent participants, who had not previously intended to use sun protection in the next month, now intended to use it. The current study was designed to investigate British adolescents' experiences of engaging in an age-appearance morphing programme. Participants were shown how their own faces would age with and without UV damage, and their experiences were recorded whilst viewing the images. Immediately after viewing the photographs, the participants took part in focus groups, where they were able to discuss their experiences of viewing the photographs. The intervention has been used with adults (Williams, Grogan, Buckley and Clark-Carter, 2012; Williams, Grogan, Buckley and ClarkCarter, 2013; Williams, Grogan, Clark-Carter and Buckley, 2013) with encouraging results, for example in terms of participants expressing intentions to increase their sun protection use in the future.