Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relative Contribution of Diagnostic and Psychosocial Factors in the Prediction of Adolescent Suicidal Ideation

Examined the relative importance of diagnostic and psychosocial factors in the prediction of adolescent suicidal ideation. Seventy-three high school students exhibitingemotional disturbance in the school setting completed a diagnostic interview and self-report measures assessing social support, family environment, negative life events, and problem solving. Using hierarchical regression analyses, only the presence ofapure internalizing disorder predicted suicidal ideation in addition to psychosocial variables. Interactions were found between psychiatric disorders and psychosocial variables. These results underscore the importance of including both diagnostic and psychosocial variables in research examining risk factors for adolescent suicidal behavior. Further, they suggest that adolescents presenting with psychiatric disorders, high levels of stress, and poor social support networks should be monitored for suicidality.
Immediate provisionalization of dental implants placed in healed alveolar ridges and extraction sockets: a 5-year prospective evaluation.

PURPOSE This 5-year prospective multicenter study compared implant survival and success, peri-implant health and soft tissue responses, crestal bone level stability, and complication rates following immediate loading of single OsseoSpeed implants placed in anterior maxillary healed ridges or extraction sockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals requiring anterior tooth replacement with single implants were treated and immediately provisionalized. Definitive all-ceramic crowns were placed at 12 weeks. Implant survival, bone levels, soft tissue levels, and peri-implant health were monitored for 5 years. RESULTS One hundred thirteen patients received implants in fresh sockets (55) and healed ridges (58). After 5 years, 45 and 49 patients remained for evaluation, respectively. During the first year, three implants failed in the extraction socket group (94.6% survival) and one implant failed in the healed ridge group (98.3% survival); this difference was not significant. No further implant failures were recorded. After 5 years, the interproximal crestal bone levels were located a mean of 0.43 ± 0.63 mm and 0.38 ± 0.62 mm from the reference points of implants in sockets and healed ridges (not a significant difference). In both groups, papillae increased over time and peri-implant mucosal zenith positions were stable from the time of definitive crown placement in sockets and healed ridges. Compared to flap surgery for implants in healed ridges, flapless surgery resulted in increased peri-implant mucosal tissue dimension (average, 0.78 ± 1.34 mm vs 0.19 ± 0.79 mm). CONCLUSION After 5 years, the bone and soft tissue parameters that characterize implant success and contribute to dental implant esthetics were similar following the immediate provisionalization of implants in sockets and healed ridges. The overall tissue responses and reported implant survival support the immediate provisionalization of dental implants in situations involving healed ridges and, under ideal circumstances, extraction sockets.
Overexpression of the chromosomally encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase eis confers kanamycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) highlights the urgent need to understand the mechanisms of resistance to the drugs used to treat this disease. The aminoglycosides kanamycin and amikacin are important bactericidal drugs used to treat MDR TB, and resistance to one or both of these drugs is a defining characteristic of extensively drug-resistant TB. We identified mutations in the −10 and −35 promoter region of the eis gene, which encodes a previously uncharacterized aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. These mutations led to a 20–180-fold increase in the amount of eis leaderless mRNA transcript, with a corresponding increase in protein expression. Importantly, these promoter mutations conferred resistance to kanamycin [5 μg/mL < minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤40 μg/mL] but not to amikacin (MIC <4 μg/mL). Additionally, 80% of clinical isolates examined in this study that exhibited low-level kanamycin resistance harbored eis promoter mutations. These results have important clinical implications in that clinical isolates determined to be resistant to kanamycin may not be cross-resistant to amikacin, as is often assumed. Molecular detection of eis mutations should distinguish strains resistant to kanamycin and those resistant to kanamycin and amikacin. This may help avoid excluding a potentially effective drug from a treatment regimen for drug-resistant TB.
Dynamic Interactions between Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Its Host Cells Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis

ABSTRACT Although microarray and expressed sequence tag (EST)-based approaches have been used to profile gene expression during baculovirus infection, the response of host genes to baculovirus infection and the interaction between baculovirus and its host remain largely unknown. To determine the host response to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection and the dynamic interaction between the virus and its host, eight digital gene expression libraries were examined in a Bm5 cell line before infection and at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h postinfection. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes at each time point following infection showed that gene sets including cytoskeleton, transcription, translation, energy metabolism, iron ion metabolism, and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were altered after viral infection. In addition, a time course depicting protein-protein interaction networks between the baculovirus and the host were constructed and revealed that viral proteins interact with a multitude of cellular machineries, such as the proteasome, cytoskeleton, and spliceosome. Several viral proteins, including IE2, CG30, PE38, and PK-1/2, were predicted to play key roles in mediating virus-host interactions. Based on these results, we tested the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and iron ion metabolism in the viral infection cycle. Treatment with a proteasome inhibitor and deferoxamine mesylate in vitro and in vivo confirmed that these pathways regulate viral infection. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the interaction between the baculovirus and its host and identify molecular mechanisms that can be used to block viral infection and improve baculovirus expression systems.
Considering water availability and the effect of solute concentration on high solids saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass

Milliliter scale (ligno)cellulose saccharifications suggest general solute concentration and its impact on water availability plays a significant role in detrimental effects associated with high solids lignocellulose conversions. A microtumbler developed to enable free‐fall mixing at dry solids loadings up to 35% (w/w) repeatedly produced known detrimental conversion trends on cellulose, xylan and pretreated lignocellulose with commercial enzymes. Despite this, high concentrations of insoluble nonhydrolysable dextrans did not depress saccharification extents in 5% (w/w) cellulose slurries suggesting mass transfer limitations may not significantly limit hydrolysis extents at high solids loadings. Interestingly, cellulose saccharification by purified cellulases showed increased conversions with increasing dry solids loadings. This prompted investigations into impacts the concentration of soluble species, such as sugar alcohols, low molecular weight enzyme preparation components, and monomer hydrolysis products, have on the hydrolysis environment. Such substances significantly depress conversion rates and were shown to correlatively lower water activity (Aw) in the hydrolysis environment while high insoluble solids concentrations did not. Furthermore, low‐field NMR on concentrated slurries of insoluble complex carbohydrates, including the nonhydrolysable dextrans, showed all solids constrained water significantly more than high concentrations of soluble species (inhibitory) suggesting water constraint may not be as problematic an issue at high solids loadings compared to the availability of water in the system. Additionally, the introduction of soluble species lessened overall water constraint in high solids systems and appears to shift the distribution of water away from insoluble surfaces. This is potentially a critical issue for industrial processes operating at high dry solids levels. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2012
The Kantorovich inequality for error analysis of the Kalman filter with unknown noise distributions

The state-space model with random noises is widely used to model dynamic systems. In many practical problems, the noise terms will have unknown probability distributions, which is contrary to the usual assumption of Gaussian noises made in state-vector estimation; this assumption is usually made for reasons of mathematical tractability. A problem arises, however, in that inference based on the incorrect Gaussian assumption can lead to misleading or erroneous conclusions. This note shows how the Kantorovich inequality from probability theory has potential for characterizing the estimation error of a Kalman filter in such a non-Gaussian (distribution-free) setting.
Lilium compounds kaempferol and jatropham can modulate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of radiomimetic zeocin in plants and human lymphocytes In vitro

Organisms are constantly exposed to the detrimental effect of environmental DNA‐damaging agents. The harmful effects of environmental genotoxins could be decreased in a viable way by antimutagenesis. One of the modern approaches to reduce the mutagenic burden is based on exogenous natural and synthetic compounds that possess protective and antimutagenic potential against genotoxins. The natural compounds kaempferol and jatropham isolated from Lilium candidum were tested with respect to their potential to protect cells against the radiomimetic zeocin, as well as to their cytotoxic and genotoxic activities in two types of experimental eukaryotic test systems: Hordeum vulgare and human lymphocytes in vitro. Mitotic index (MI) was used as an endpoint for cytotoxicity; the frequency of chromosome aberrations (MwA) and the number of induced micronuclei (MN), as endpoints for genotoxicity/clastogenicity. Formation of aberration “hot spots” was also used as an indicator for genotoxicity in H. vulgare. Both kaempferol and jatropham were shown to possess a potential to modulate and decrease the cytotoxic and genotoxic/clastogenic effect of zeocin depending on the experimental design and the test system. Our data could be useful for health research programs, particularly in clarifying the pharmacological potential and activity of natural plant compounds. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 751–764, 2016.
Ventilation and arousal responses to hypercapnia in normal sleeping humans.

We measured arousal and ventilatory responses to rebreathing from a small bag, initially approximately 7% CO2 in 40% O2, via a nose mask in 13 normal human adults. With deepening non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREM), males aroused at increasing alveolar PCO2 (mean +/- SE: stage II 58.6 +/- 1.7, stage III 61.2 +/- 1.0, stage IV 63.8 +/- 0.8 Torr), whereas in rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM), arousal alveolar PCO2 was 57.7 +/- 0.7 Torr, i.e., much lower than in stage III and IV NREM. Females showed no significant change in arousal alveolar PCO2, (II 57.6 +/- 0.9, III 57.3 +/- 1.3, IV 59.4 +/- 0.9, REM 56.3 +/- 1.0 Torr). Male ventilatory response was 2.5 +/- 0.1 (SE) 1 X min-1 X Torr-1 and fell by 49% in NREM (1.29 +/- 0.13) and by 69% in REM (0.78 +/- 0.18). Female response was little affected by state, being similar to male NREM response (wake 1.39 +/- 0.14, NREM 1.40 +/- 0.13, REM 1.11 +/- 0.26 1 X min-1 X Torr-1). In NREM tests, there was no change in sleep state until arousal, whereas in REM, subjects awoke abruptly with the onset of rebreathing (11 cases), showed a transient arousal with onset but continued in REM until final arousal (21 cases), or changed to NREM at onset (2 cases). These arousal results contrast sharply with findings in tracheostomized dogs and in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, where asphyxic arousal is later in REM than in NREM, suggesting that the events at test onset in REM in the present study may be related to upper airway sensitivity to CO2 specific to REM.
Direct Comparison of a Stable Isolated Hsp70 Substrate-binding Domain in the Empty and Substrate-bound States*

The Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones acts to prevent protein misfolding, import proteins into organelles, unravel protein aggregates, and enhance cell survival under stress conditions. These activities are all mediated by recognition of diverse hydrophobic sequences via a C-terminal substrate-binding domain. ATP-binding/hydrolysis by the N-terminal ATPase domain regulates the interconversion of the substrate-binding domain between low and high affinity conformations. The empty state of the substrate-binding domain has been difficult to study because of its propensity to bind nearly any available protein chain, even if only modestly hydrophobic. We have generated a new stable construct of the substrate-binding domain from the Escherichia coli Hsp70, DnaK, which has enabled us to compare the empty and peptide-bound conformations using NMR chemical shift analysis and hydrogen-deuterium exchange. We have determined that the empty state is, overall, quite similar to the peptide-bound state, contrary to a previous report. Peptide binding leads to a subtle alteration in the packing of the α-helical lid relative to the β-subdomain. Significantly, we have shown that the chemical shifts of the substrate-binding domain and the ATPase domain do not change when they are placed together in a two-domain construct, whether or not peptide is bound, suggesting that, in the absence of nucleotide, the two domains of E. coli DnaK do not interact. We conclude that the isolated substrate-binding domain exists in a stable high affinity state in the absence of influence from a nucleotide-bound ATPase domain.
Expression of HIV‐1 and interleukin‐6 in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia of patients with AIDS

We examined the immunopathology and the expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) from 16 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 10 HIV-1-seronegative controls. Using in situ hybridization, we detected HIV-1 RNA in a few perivascular cells in DRGs from five of 16 AIDS patients (31%). In addition, using polymerase chain reaction, we detected HIV-1 DNA more frequently in DRGs from four of five AIDS patients (80%) examined. We detected interleukin-6 (IL-6) immunoreactivity in endothelial cells in DRGs from seven of 16 AIDS patients (44%) but from none of 10 HIV-1-seronegative controls (0%). We found more nodules of Nageotte, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-positive endothelial cells and mononuclear cells in DRGs from AIDS patients than in DRGs from controls. Increased numbers of nodules of Nageotte in DRGs of AIDS patients were associated with detection of HIV-1 RNA by in situ hybridization and detection of IL-6 by immunohistochemistry. We conclude that low levels of replication of HIV-1, through cytotoxic T lymphocytes or expression of cytokines, may play a role in the subclinical degeneration of sensory neurons frequently observed in DRGs of AIDS patients.
Hepatitis B virus precore mutants are identical in carriers from various ethnic origins and are associated with a range of liver disease severity

Hepatitis B virus carriers in Israel are mostly HBeAg negative, of whom 5% to 10% have circulating hepatitis B virus. Recently, a hepatitis B virus variant with a stop codon in the precore region was identified, and it was suggested that specific mutations are associated with fulminant or severe chronic active hepatitis. We have analyzed serum samples from HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative patients by polymerase chain reaction, using primers spanning the precore/core region. Nucleotide sequence analysis (by direct sequencing) from amplified hepatitis B virus DNA demonstrated that viral genomes from all HBeAg‐negative patients contain G to A mutation (nucleotide 1896), leading to the formation of a stop codon. An additional G to A mutation was identified three nucleotides downstream (nucleotide 1899). These patients are of various ethnic origins, with no unique clinical characteristics and with normal liver histology, chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. No mutation at the precore/core region was observed in the HBeAg‐positive patients. In conclusion, the precore mutations identified in hepatitis B virus carriers in Israel are identical regardless of the carrier's ethnic origin and are associated with mild‐to‐severe liver disease.
Neural Architecture of Selective Stopping Strategies: Distinct Brain Activity Patterns Are Associated with Attentional Capture But Not with Outright Stopping

In stimulus-selective stop-signal tasks, the salient stop signal needs attentional processing before genuine response inhibition is completed. Differential prefrontal involvement in attentional capture and response inhibition has been linked to the right inferior frontal junction (IFJ) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), respectively. Recently, it has been suggested that stimulus-selective stopping may be accomplished by the following different strategies: individuals may selectively inhibit their response only upon detecting a stop signal (independent discriminate then stop strategy) or unselectively whenever detecting a stop or attentional capture signal (stop then discriminate strategy). Alternatively, the discrimination process of the critical signal (stop vs attentional capture signal) may interact with the go process (dependent discriminate then stop strategy). Those different strategies might differentially involve attention- and stopping-related processes that might be implemented by divergent neural networks. This should lead to divergent activation patterns and, if disregarded, interfere with analyses in neuroimaging studies. To clarify this crucial issue, we studied 87 human participants of both sexes during a stimulus-selective stop-signal task and performed strategy-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses. We found that, regardless of the strategy applied, outright stopping displayed indistinguishable brain activation patterns. However, during attentional capture different strategies resulted in divergent neural activation patterns with variable activation of right IFJ and bilateral VLPFC. In conclusion, the neural network involved in outright stopping is ubiquitous and independent of strategy, while different strategies impact on attention-related processes and underlying neural network usage. Strategic differences should therefore be taken into account particularly when studying attention-related processes in stimulus-selective stopping. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dissociating inhibition from attention has been a major challenge for the cognitive neuroscience of executive functions. Selective stopping tasks have been instrumental in addressing this question. However, recent theoretical, cognitive and behavioral research suggests that different strategies are applied in successful execution of the task. The underlying strategy-dependent neural networks might differ substantially. Here, we show evidence that, regardless of the strategy used, the neural network involved in outright stopping is ubiquitous. However, significant differences can only be found in the attention-related processes underlying those different strategies. Thus, when studying attentional processing of salient stop signals, strategic differences should be considered. In contrast, the neural networks implementing outright stopping seem less or not at all affected by strategic differences.
Preoperative biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice.

BACKGROUND/AIM Although the role of preoperative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice has been the subject of controversy in many other countries, in Japan, almost all surgeons agree that biliary decompression should be performed prior to the surgical treatment in obstructive jaundice. This study was performed in order to determine the role of preoperative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated 238 patients with preoperative obstructive jaundice, and also studied its pathophysiology in experimental animal models. RESULTS Both of these studies demonstrated that this procedure should be performed if the value of total bilirubin is more than 5 mg/dl, the ICG Rmax value of the future remnant liver is less than 0.4 mg/kg/min, and the duration of jaundice is more than 3 weeks. Preoperative biliary drainage improves the liver function, so that major operations can be safely performed without major complications. CONCLUSIONS It therefore seems preferable that patients undergo preoperative biliary decompression to reduce serum total bilirubin to below 5 mg/dl, and to improve hepatic and reticuloendothelial functions and hepatic reserve prior to any major surgical operation.
Low-Loss Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fibers With Semi-Circular Nested Tubes

Hollow-core fibers with a single ring of circular anti-resonant tubes as the cladding provide a simple way of getting a negative-curvature hollow core, resulting in broadband low-loss transmission with little power overlap in the glass. These fibers show a significant improvement in loss performance if the anti-resonant tubes have nested tubes inside them, and here we investigate the role of the shape and position of these nested elements. By allowing the circular nested elements to become semi-circular, we selectively change the position or curvature of the nested elements. We find that the loss performance is quite insensitive to the curvature of the nested element, while the distance from the core boundary to the outer perimeter of the nested element is much more critical. Interestingly, the additional freedom of the semi-circular nested elements allows optimizing them for a better loss performance than the ideal full-circle design.