Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Berari Goat

Implication: Berari goat is a newly discovered and genetically investigated germplasm. The information generated on within population genetic variation of Berari goats will help in formulating the appropriate breeding strategies for breed improvement and sustainable conservation of these goats. systems from intensive to very extensive nomadic pastoralists (Payne and Wilson, 1999). Goat population of India is more than 140 million and 70-75% of this population consists of nondescript and crossbred goats. These nondescript goats which are result of unplanned and indiscriminate matings, have stabilized themselves in ecological zones and have a valuable genetic potential for sustainable agriculture and upliftment of the rural economy. Berari goat is one of such populations Berari goats are medium sized animals reared mainly for meat purpose. They are predominantly brown and blackish brown in colour with glossy hair and found in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. Berari is not a recognized breed but a well established local population of goat which is yet to be fully explored for its phenotypic and genetic aspects. Within population genetic variation was examined in Berari goat population using microsatellite markers. The observed number of alleles varied from 4 (ILSTS05, OarJMP29) to 26 (OarFCB304) with a mean of 11.76 whereas the effective number of allele varied from 1.15 (OarJMP29) to 11 (ILSTS059) with a mean of 4.95. The effective number of allele is lesser than observed number at all the loci. Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.47 (OarJMP29) to 0.92 (OarFCB304) with the mean value of 0.82. Shannon’s information index which measures the level of diversity ranged from 0.32 (OarJMP29) to 2.61 (ILSTS059) with average of 1.76 ± 0.55. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.10 (OarJMP29) to 1 (RM088) with the average of 0.67 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 (OarJMP29) to 0.91 (ILSTS059) with the average of 0.73. Six of the twenty five loci showed the negative inbreeding coefficient as also depicted by the Hd value for the same loci. The unbiased expected gene diversity (Nei’s) ranged from 0.14 (OarJMP29) to 0.92 (ILSTS059) with the overall mean 0.73 ± 0.19. The Lshaped curve obtained indicates that Berari goat population has not undergone any recent bottleneck. The genetic variability exhibited by the Berari goats can be suitably exploited for its genetic improvement and sustainable conservation.
Case study investigation of CMC with young language learners

By providing authentic experiences with the world outside the classroom, CMC seems to enhance the learning potential of conventional lessons (Pritchard et al. , 2010, p. 211). The assumption underlying the use of videoconferencing to teach and learn a second language is that it will help learners develop their oral and socio-cultural skills. However, when using CMC with young language learners, primary teachers’ relatively limited expertise both in the linguistic and technological fields represents some of the challenges they have to face. Following Pritchard et al. (Ibidem), who show that students who have experienced video-conferenced lessons have more confidence to experiment with language and, in general, produce language of a higher quality, our work examines the impact of CMC on students' communicative skills and teachers' actions in primary education. In this paper, we analyse a bi-national session that involves videoconferencing between young learners of French and English as a foreign language as they play a well-known game Cluedo. In our analysis, we first examine some of the constraints teachers have to face when using videoconferencing to teach an L2. Secondly, we present a few extracts that aim to probe the impact of CMC on the way students use both L1 and L2 and on its possible effect on the development of their linguistic repertoires.
Examination of the Chromosomes of Polysphondylium pallidum Following Metaphase Arrest by Benzimidazole Derivatives and Colchicine

SUMMARY: Techniques used previously to examine the mitotic chromosomes of Dictyostelium discoideum have been applied to the cellular slime mould Polysphondylium pallidum. Mitosis in P. pallidum is similar to that in D. discoideum except that a metaphase plate configuration is rare and that it has more chromosomes (n = 11 or 12) than D. discoideum (n = 7). Some metaphase arrest (mitotic index 14 %) was achieved in P. pallidum when colchicine was used at a high concentration (10 mg ml-1). Low concentrations of benzimidazole derivatives (thiabendazole, cambendazole, ben late and nocodazole) caused the arrest of cell division, mitotic indices greater than 50%, chromosome doubling and lowered plating efficiency. Growth of P. pallidum in axenic medium was investigated.
THE INFLUENCE OF RED SPIRAL GALAXIES ON THE SHAPE OF THE LOCAL K-BAND LUMINOSITY FUNCTION

We have determined K-band luminosity functions for 13,325 local universe galaxies as a function of morphology and color (for Ktot ⩽ 10.75). Our sample is drawn from the Two Micron All Sky Survey Extended Source Catalog, with all sample galaxies having measured morphologies and distances (including 4219 archival redshift-independent distances). The luminosity function for our total sample is in good agreement with previous works, but is relatively smooth at faint magnitudes (due to bulk flow distance corrections). We investigated the differences due to morphological and color selection using 5417 sample galaxies with NASA Sloan Atlas optical colors and find that red spirals comprise 20%–50% of all spirals with −25 ⩽ MK < −20. Fainter than MK = −24, red spirals are as common as early types, explaining the different faint end slopes (α = −0.87 and −1.00 for red and early-types, respectively). While we find red spirals comprise more than 50% of all MK < −25 spiral galaxies, they do not dominate the bright end of the overall red galaxy luminosity function, which is dominated by early-type galaxies. The brightest red spirals have ongoing star formation and those without are frequently misclassified as early-types. The faintest ones have an appearance and Sérsic indices consistent with faded disks, rather than true bulge-dominated galaxies.
Adjectives, communities, and taxonomies of evaluative meaning

From a corpus consisting of free text comments submitted to the website RateMyProfessors.com, adjectives describing people have been identified and clustered using Principal Components Analysis. This follows the Meaning Extraction method used by Chung & Pennebaker (2007). The outcome is a set of seven factors, each of which is interpretable as representing a dimension of meaning along which individual professors have been evaluated. These dimensions are in turn discussed using Martin & White’s (2005) parameters of Judgement and Appreciation, and Coffin’s (2002) concept of evaluative voices. It is argued that contributors to RateMyProfessors.com have available three distinct voices: ‘novice intellectual’, ‘consumer’, and ‘subordinate’. The paper demonstrates how a bottom-up, statistical technique may be used to provide the initial data for identifying evaluative parameters. It raises the possibility that such parameters may be specific to individual discourse communities. It therefore offers a complementary and problematizing alternative to top-down, researcher-driven taxonomies of evaluative meaning.
THE STARBURST CLUSTER WESTERLUND 1: THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION AND MASS SEGREGATION

Westerlund 1 is the most important starburst cluster in the Galaxy due to its massive star content. We have performed BVIC and JKS photometry to investigate the initial mass function (IMF). By comparing the observed color with the spectral-type–intrinsic-color relation, we obtain the mean interstellar reddening of 〈E(B − V)〉 = 4.19 ± 0.23 and 〈E(J − KS)〉 = 1.70 ± 0.21. Due to the heavy extinction toward the cluster, the zero-age main sequence fitting method based on optical photometry proved to be inappropriate for the distance determination, while the near-infrared photometry gave a reliable distance to the cluster—3.8 kpc from the empirical relation. Using the recent theoretical stellar evolution models with rotation, the age of the cluster is estimated to be 5.0 ± 1.0 Myr. We derived the IMF in the massive part and obtained a fairly shallow slope of Γ = −0.8 ± 0.1. The integration of the IMF gave a total mass for the cluster in excess of 5.0 × 104 M☉. The IMF shows a clear radial variation indicating the presence of mass segregation. We also discuss the possible star formation history of Westerlund 1 from the presence of red supergiants and relatively low luminosity yellow hypergiants.
The effects of supplementation with Gliricidia sepium or Leucaena leucocephala forage on intake, digestion and live-weight gains of Bos taurus × Bos indicus steers offered napier grass

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of incrementa/levels of Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) and Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) on forage intake, diet apparent digestibility, microbial nitrogen supply and live-weight changes in cattle. In each experiment, 20 intact and five fistulated crossbred steers (Bos taurus X 80S indicus) were used. Napier grass basal diet was offered ad libitum alone or supplemented with 7.5, 15, 22.5, or 30 g dry matter (DM) per kg metabolic body weight (MO75) gliricidia (experiment 1) or leucaena (experiment 2). In experiment 1, total DM intake increased but not significantly with gliricidia supplementation (5.2,5.1,5.2,5.4, 5.7 (s.e.d. 0.21) kg/day) while intake of napier grass was depressed linearly (5.2, 4.7, 4.5, 4.3, 4.2 (s.e.d. 0.21) kg/ day; P < 0.05). In experiment 2, supplementation with leucaena increased the total DM intake linearly without depressing the intake of napier grass (5.2, 5.8, 6.2, 6.6, 6.7 (s.e.d. 0.31) kg/day; P < 0.001 and 5.2, 5.3, 5.3, 5.3, 5.0 (s.e.d. 0.21) kg/day respectively). Neither gliricidia nor leucaena supplel1lentation affected the apparent digestibility of the diet or in sacco DM degradation characteristics of the forages. Rumen ammonia and live-weight gain were increased linearly (P < 0.05) by supplementation from 130 to 215 mg/l (experiment 1) and 75 to 113 mg/l (experiment 2), from 306 to 478 g/day (experiment 1) and from 538 to 850 g/day (experiment 2), respectively. However, since the responses were linear, further experiments are required to quantify the responses to higher levels of these legume supplements.
Attention Enhances the Efficacy of Communication in V1 Local Circuits

Attention is a critical component of visual perception; however, the mechanisms of attention at the granular level are poorly understood. One possible mechanism by which attention modulates neuronal activity is to control the efficacy of communication between connected neurons; however, it is unclear whether attention alters communication efficacy across a variety of neuronal circuits. In parallel, attentional modulation of neuronal firing rate is not uniform but depends upon the match between neuronal feature selectivity and the feature required for successful task completion. Here we tested whether modulation of communication efficacy is a viable mechanism of attention by assessing whether it is consistent across a variety of neuronal circuits and dependent upon the type of information conveyed in each circuit. We identified monosynaptically connected pairs of V1 neurons through cross-correlation of neuronal spike trains recorded in adult female macaque monkeys performing attention-demanding contrast-change detection tasks. Attention toward the stimulus in the receptive field of recorded neurons significantly facilitated the efficacy of communication among connected pairs of V1 neurons. The amount of attentional enhancement depended upon neuronal physiology, with larger facilitation for circuits conveying information about task-relevant features. Furthermore, presynaptic activity was more determinant of attentional enhancement of communication efficacy than postsynaptic activity, and feedforward local circuits often displayed the largest facilitation with attention. Together, these findings highlight attentional modulation of communication efficacy as a generalized mechanism of attention and demonstrate that attentional modulation at the granular level depends on the relevance of feature-specific information conveyed by neuronal circuits. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How we pay attention to objects and locations in the visual environment has a profound impact on visual perception. Individual neurons in the visual cortex are similarly regulated by shifts in visual attention; however, the rules that govern whether and how attention alters neuronal activity are not known. In this study, we explored whether attention regulates communication between connected pairs of neurons in the primary visual cortex. We observed robust attentional facilitation of communication among these circuits. Furthermore, the extent to which the circuits were facilitated by attention depended on whether the information they conveyed was relevant for the particular attention task.
High Momentum Flow Region and Central Recirculation Zone Interaction in Swirling Flows

‘Fuel-flexible’ gas turbines will be required over the next 20 years at least. However, this contrasts with recent experiences of global operators who report increasing emissions and difficult combustion dynamics with even moderate variations in the fuel supply. Swirl stabilized combustion, being the most widely spread technology to control combustion in gas turbines, will be a technology needed for dynamic stabilization of the flow field. However, the features of the recirculation zone are highly complex, three dimensional and time dependent, depending on a variety of parameters. A high momentum flow region inherent to swir ling flows has attracted the attention of several groups interested in blowoff and stretch flame phenomena. Therefore, this study focuses on experimental results obtained to characterise the relation between the central recirculation zone and the high momentum flow region under moderate swirl levels using a well-studied tangential swirl burner for power generation applications. As to be expected the recirculation zone and the high momentum flow region rotate together about the central axis. Moreover, the interaction between them produces high, intense local velocities. This region of High Momentum (shearing flow) also presents a complex geometry that seems to be based on the geometrical features of the burner, different to previous findings on the burner where the system was thought to have a unique shearing flow region. The high three dimensional interaction of these structure is confirmed at the point where the precessing vortex core losses its strength.
A SINFONI integral field spectroscopy survey for galaxy counterparts to damped Lyman α systems – III. Three additional detections

We report three additional Spectrograph for Integral Field Observations in the Near Infrared (SINFONI) detections of Hα emission line from quasar absorbers, two of which are new identifications. These were targeted among a sample of systems with and metallicities measured from high-resolution spectroscopy. The detected galaxies are at impact parameters ranging from 6 to 12 kpc from the quasar’s line of sight. We derive star formation rates (SFRs) of a few M⊙ yr−1 for the two absorbers at zabs∼ 1 and SFR = 17 M⊙ yr−1 for the damped Lyman α system (DLA) at zabs∼ 2. These three detections are found among a sample of 16 DLAs and sub-DLAs (five at zabs∼ 1 and seven at zabs∼ 2). For the remaining undetected galaxies, we derive flux limits corresponding to SFR < 0.1–11.0 M⊙ yr−1 depending on redshift of the absorber and depth of the data. When combined with previous results from our survey for galaxy counterparts to H i-selected absorbers, we find a higher probability of detecting systems with higher metallicity as traced by dust-free [Zn/H] metallicity. We also report a higher detection rate with SINFONI for host galaxies at zabs∼ 1 than for systems at zabs∼ 2. Using the [N ii]/Hα ratio, we can thus compare absorption and emission metallicities in the same high-redshift objects, more than doubling the number of systems for which such measures are possible.
MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY IN A COLLISIONAL WEAKLY IONIZED PLASMA

We use a multi-fluid model to describe the dynamic behavior of electrons, ions, and neutrals in a weakly ionized three-component plasma and investigate the differentially rotational instability. Charged species and neutrals are supposed to have the same angular velocity to eliminate the equilibrium current and collisions in the unperturbed state. By taking into account collisions between electrons/ions and neutrals, we derive the analytical expression of the general local dispersion relation and examine the collision effect on the rotational instability in different limiting cases. Collisions on neutrals are neglected in the first case to obtain a simplified dispersion, in which collisions play an important role in the instability criteria. In the low-frequency region, the previous result in the magnetohydrodynamic model is reproduced. The collision effect in the high-frequency case for non-magnetized electrons is found to be similar to the low-frequency region, but can induce instability for both the negative and positive radial derivative of rotational frequency.
The potential uses of tracer cycles for groundwater dating in heterogeneous aquifers

Abstract. The use of the annual cycles of stable isotopes to estimate the parameters of transit time distribution functions has been recently criticised by Kirchner (2016). The author shows that the mean residence time of heterogeneous catchments calculated from the damping of the amplitude of the input signal are very often over-estimates, sometimes by large factors. We show here that the overestimation depends on the relative time scales of the cycle’s frequency and the mean transit time and that tracer cycles can still be used, at least for groundwater systems sustained by baseflow. Firstly it appears that an exponential model is a good approximation for the transit time distribution of a heterogeneous groundwatershed if the subgroundwatersheds’ transit time distributions are themselves exponential and their mean transit times are in the same range or slightly higher than the period of the tracer cycle. Secondly, we suggest that tracer cycles can still be used as secondary data to test whether the degree of heterogeneity of the subsurface is small enough to warrant approximating it by a homogeneous medium. Lastly, we develop a model predicting the amplitude of groundwater temperature from the annual air temperature cycle, and show that even though temperature is not a conservative tracer, it can be useful for groundwater dating. The potential use of the temperature cycle is illustrated in the case-study of a sandstone aquifer drained by contact springs.
The effect of Ca substitution on the elastic and structural behavior of orthoenstatite

Abstract A single crystal of orthopyroxene with composition Ca0.07Mg1. 93Si2O6 (space group Pbca) has been investigated at high pressure and room temperature by in-situ X-ray diffraction using a diamond anvil cell. The unit-cell parameters have been determined at ten different pressures up to 10.16(5) GPa. In the pressure range investigated no evidences of phase transitions have been found. The pressure-volume data have been fitted with a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state resulting in the following parameters: V0 = 838.26(8) Å3, KT0 = 110(1) GPa, K’ = 6.6(4). The Ca substitution in the pure orthoenstatite Mg2Si2O6 structure causes a slight increase in KT0 and a decrease in K’. The compressibility of a, b, and c unit-cell parameters is strongly anisotropic with a compressibility scheme βb >> βc >> βa. The structure evolution as a function of pressure has been determined at five different pressures up to 6.25(5) GPa. The M2 polyhedron undergoes the largest volume variation (~7.7%), whereas the volume variation of M1 is ~6.1%. The TA and TB tetrahedral volumes decrease by about 3% and 1.2%, respectively, without a discontinuity in the pressure range investigated.
Orbital period modulation in close binaries due to cyclic $\alpha^2$-dynamo activity

The question is answered whether dynamo-generated magnetic fields are able to produce such quadrupole terms in the gravity potential which can explain the observed cyclic orbital variation of RS CVn stars. We start with spherical dynamo models with outer convection zones but without any dierential rotation, i.e. with 2 -dynamos which are known as nonoscil- lating. With the known anisotropic -tensor of rapidly rotating stars the magnetic modes with the lowest dynamo numbers are nonaxisymmetric with a slow azimuthal drift. We also find, however, stable (i.e. with the lowest dynamo number) axisymmet- ric oscillating modes but only for a very special, highly inhomogeneous -tensor. The dynamo model is a linear one with an arbitrary field amplitude which can be scaled in order to reproduce the observations. The star proves to be as prolate during the maximum of the toroidal field energy and it proves to be as oblate during the maximum of the poloidal field energy. In the time average the influence of the toroidal field dominates and the star is slightly prolate. From the computed temporal variations of the gravitation quadrupole moment a magnetic field of more than 10 5 G is found in order to produce the period modulation of order 10 5 which has been observed.
A proper motion study of the globular cluster M12 (NGC 6218)

Using astrometric techniques developed by Anderson et al., we determine proper motions (PMs) in the ∼ 14.60 × 16.53 arcmin2 area of the kinematically “thick-disk” globular cluster M12. The cluster’s proximity and sparse nature makes it a suitable target for ground-based telescopes. Archive images with time gap of ∼ 11.1 years were observed with the wide-field imager (WFI) mosaic camera mounted on the ESO 2.2 m telescope. The median value of PM error in both components is ∼ 0.7 mas yr−1 for the stars having V ≤ 20 mag. PMs are used to determine membership probabilities and to separate field stars from the cluster sample. In electronic form, a membership catalog of 3725 stars with precise coordinates, PMs and BV RI photometry is being provided. One of the possible applications of the catalog is demonstrated by gathering the membership information of the variable stars, blue stragglers and X-ray sources reported earlier in the cluster’s region.
– Global Projects : Institutional and Political Challenges

Beyond analyzing the institutional and political challenges of global projects, this book demonstrates academic skill in theory building and development – transporting one established, dominant framework (institutional theory) in organization and management theory into new empirical settings, contributing to theory development in the fields of international business and project management. Through a process of bricolage (or some might argue colonization), a theoretical framework that is well understood in one field, is made novel and innovative in another. In writing this book the authors also address, albeit indirectly, concerns over organizational and institutional theory’s relevance and future (for example see Walsh, Meyer, & Schoonhoven, 2006; Suddaby, 2010) in showing its applicability and value as a framework in analyzing global projects – projects that are now commonplace in today’s business environment. Global projects, as an organizational phenomenon, are defined by the author’s as “a temporary endeavor where multiple actors seek to optimize outcomes by combining resources from multiple sites, organizations, cultures and geographies through a combination of contractual, hierarchical and networkbased modes of organization” (page 17).