Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Practical and Secure Decentralized Attribute -Based Authorization Systems

The ubiquity of the Internet has led to increased resource sharing between large numbers of users in widely-disparate administrative domains. Unfortunately, traditional identity-based solutions to the authorization problem do not allow for the dynamic establishment of trust, and thus cannot be used to facilitate interactions between previously-unacquainted parties. Furthermore, the management of identity-based systems becomes burdensome as the number of users in the system increases. To address this gap between the needs of open computing systems and existing authorization infrastructures, researchers have begun to investigate novel attribute-based access control (ABAC) systems based on techniques such as trust negotiation and other forms of distributed proving. To date, research in these areas has been largely theoretical and has produced many important foundational results. However, if these techniques are to be safely deployed in practice, the systems-level barriers hindering their adoption must be overcome. In this thesis, we show that safely and securely adopting decentralized ABAC approaches to authorization is not simply a matter of implementation and deployment, but requires careful consideration of both formal properties and practical issues. To this end, we investigate a progression of important questions regarding the safety analysis, deployment, implementation, and optimization of these types of systems. We first show that existing ABAC theory does not properly account for the asynchronous nature of open systems, which allows attackers to subvert these systems by forcing decisions to be made using inconsistent system states. To address this, we develop provably-secure and lightweight consistency enforcement mechanisms suitable for use in trust negotiation and distributed proof systems. We next focus on deployment issues, and investigate how user interactions can be audited in the absence of concrete user identities. We develop the technique of virtual fingerprinting, which can be used to accomplish this task without adversely affecting the scalability of audit systems. Lastly, we present TrustBuilder2, which is the first fully-configurable framework for trust negotiation. Within this framework, we examine availability problems associated with the trust negotiation process and develop a novel approach to policy compliance checking that leverages an efficient pattern-matching approach to outperform existing techniques by orders of magnitude.
Parental monitoring: association with adolescents' risk behaviors.

CONTEXT Contemporary threats to adolescents' health are primarily the consequence of risk behaviors and their related adverse outcomes. Identifying factors associated with adolescents' risk behaviors is critical for developing effective prevention strategies. A number of risk factors have been identified, including familial environment; however, few studies have examined the impact of parental monitoring. OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of less perceived parental monitoring on a spectrum of adolescent health-compromising behaviors and outcomes. Design. Survey. SETTING A family medicine clinic. Participants. To assess eligibility, recruiters screened a sample of 1130 teens residing in low-income neighborhoods. Adolescents were eligible if they were black females, between the ages of 14 and 18 years, sexually active in the previous 6 months, and provided written informed consent. Most teens (n = 609) were eligible, with 522 (85.7%) agreeing to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Variables in 6 domains were assessed, including: sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behaviors, marijuana use, alcohol use, antisocial behavior, and violence. RESULTS In logistic regression analyses, controlling for observed covariates, adolescents perceiving less parental monitoring were more likely to test positive for a sexually transmitted disease (odds ratio [OR]: 1.7), report not using a condom at last sexual intercourse (OR: 1.7), have multiple sexual partners in the past 6 months (OR: 2.0), have risky sex partners (OR: 1.5), have a new sex partner in the past 30 days (OR: 3.0), and not use any contraception during the last sexual intercourse episode (OR: 1.9). Furthermore, adolescents perceiving less parental monitoring were more likely to have a history of marijuana use and use marijuana more often in the past 30 days (OR: 2.3 and OR: 2.5, respectively); a history of alcohol use and greater alcohol consumption in the past 30 days (OR: 1.4 and OR: 1.9, respectively); have a history of arrest (OR: 2.1); and there was a trend toward having engaged in fights in the past 6 months (OR: 1.4). CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate a consistent pattern of health risk behaviors and adverse biological outcomes associated with less perceived parental monitoring. Additional research needs to focus on developing theoretical models that help explain the influence of familial environment on adolescent health and develop and evaluate interventions to promote the health of adolescents.
Early entry and widespread cellular involvement of HIV-1 DNA in brains of HIV-1 positive asymptomatic individuals.

There is overwhelming evidence that invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by HIV-1 takes place at an early stage of the infection. It has been demonstrated that HIV-1 DNA is present in brains of asymptomatic individuals. Evidence of immune activation and increased expression of cytokines suggested that neuropathological changes and neuronal and axonal damage could be the effect of the presence of the virus. The purpose of the study is to ascertain whether target cells for HIV-1 in brain of patients at early stage of the infection are the same as those found in AIDS sufferers or if the distribution seen in AIDS patients results from the late spreading of the infection from cells considered traditionally the reservoir of the virus, i.e. microglial cells. Eighteen brains, all HIV-1 DNA positive, as shown by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were selected among the group of HIV-1 positive asymptomatic cases. In 6 of them, HIV-1 DNA was detected by PCR in situ. Positive cells included astrocytes and endothelial cells, in addition to microglial cells. We conclude that astrocytes and endothelial cells are already infected at an early (asymptomatic) stage of the infection and suggest that they might contribute to the damage of the CNS.
Investigating the Secretory Pathway of the Baculovirus‐Insect Cell System Using a Secretory Green Fluorescent Protein

The secretory pathway is important in actively transporting proteins into the extracellular environment of eucaryotic cells. In this study a green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutant engineered to contain a secretion signal was used as a model protein in order to visualize the secretion process inside insect cells. Fluorescent microscopy indicated that significant amounts of secreted green fluorescent protein (sGFP) accumulated in High‐Five, Trichoplusia ni, cells following infection with a baculovirus vector containing the gene under the polyhedrin promoter. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to reconstruct whole cell images of the infected High‐Five cells at multiple days postinfection. While the protein was widely distributed at 2 days postinfection, certain intracellular regions appeared to contain higher or lower concentrations of the sGFP. A layer by layer examination indicated pockets in which sGFP was absent, and these appear to be vesicles that have recently released the sGFP or are not yet accumulating sGFP. By 3 days postinfection, the sGFP in some cells was concentrated in a number of widely dispersed globules, which may represent the vesicle remnants of a deteriorating secretory pathway. In contrast, nonsecreted GFP was more uniformly distributed in the cells than sGFP and did not accumulate in vesicles. In addition to GFP, the lectins wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and concanavalin A (ConA), which have affinities for sugar residues, were used to examine the secretory pathway. The WGA, which is a Golgi marker, was distributed around the nucleus prior to infection but then was found to be polarized in one region of the cell following the baculovirus infection. The expansion of other cellular compartments following the baculovirus infection may have caused a change in intracellular distribution of the Golgi. While some of the sGFP was found to colocalize with the WGA label, much of the sGFP was outside this Golgi region. In contrast, ConA labeling, which was not as specific as WGA, was found throughout the cell both before and after infection similar to the sGFP distribution. These studies demonstrate that confocal visualization of fluorescent proteins can be used as an in vivo tool for examining secretory processing in insect cells.
Aetiological Rôle Of Cerebral Blood‐Flow Alterations In Development And Extension Of Peri‐Intraventricular Haemorrhage

The aetiology and extension of peri‐intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH) are thought to be related to cerebral blood‐flow alterations, and especially to increased cerebral blood‐flow and fluctuating velocity of blood‐flow. Using transcutaneous Doppler technique, the authors investigated cerebral blood‐flow in 60 infants with gestations of less than 34 weeks. Pulsatility index (PI) and area under the velocity curve (AUVC) of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) were used as qualitative measures of cerebral blood‐flow, and the coefficient of variation of PI and AUVC as indicators of fluctuations in blood‐flow velocity. A reasonable correlation was found between PI and AUVC and their coefficients of variation in the ACA. First onset of PIVH was related to fluctuating blood‐flow velocity, and extension of PIVH with both increased velocity (indicating increased blood‐flow) and fluctuating velocity. Increased cerebral blood‐flow and its fluctuating pattern were positively correlated with arterial carbon dioxide tension.
Intestinal UGTs as potential modifiers of pharmacokinetics and biological responses to drugs and xenobiotics

Uridine 5′-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are the biological catalysts of glucuronidation, a major pathway of conjugative metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. In addition to the liver and kidney, UGTs are highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, where they have the potential to influence the pharmacokinetics and biological effects of ingested drugs and xenobiotics. This paper reviews the current evidence for the contributions of intestinal UGTs to presystemic ‘first-pass’ metabolism and drug bioavailability, the extent of enterohepatic cycling and the clearance of drugs from plasma, as well as their influence on biological responses to drugs, including drug toxicity. The prediction of the effects of intestinal glucuronidation on these processes depends on knowledge of the types and amounts of UGTs expressed in the small intestine and their specific glucuronidating activities. Whereas the types of UGTs expressed in human gastrointestinal tract are well characterized, further research is needed to understand the absolute amounts of UGTs in the small intestine and the causes of observed high-interindividual variability in the intestinal expression of UGTs.
A Safe Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Platform with Two Negative Markers for Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals

ABSTRACT Vaccination of domestic animals with chemically inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is widely practiced to control FMD. Currently, FMD vaccine manufacturing requires the growth of large volumes of virulent FMDV in biocontainment-level facilities. Here, two marker FMDV vaccine candidates (A24LL3DYR and A24LL3BPVKV3DYR) featuring the deletion of the leader coding region (Lpro) and one of the 3B proteins were constructed and evaluated. These vaccine candidates also contain either one or two sets of mutations to create negative antigenic markers in the 3D polymerase (3Dpol) and 3B nonstructural proteins. Two mutations in 3Dpol, H27Y and N31R, as well as RQKP9-12→PVKV substitutions, in 3B2 abolish reactivity with monoclonal antibodies targeting the respective sequences in 3Dpol and 3B. Infectious cDNA clones encoding the marker viruses also contain unique restriction endonuclease sites flanking the capsid-coding region that allow for easy derivation of custom designed vaccine candidates. In contrast to the parental A24WT virus, single A24LL3DYR and double A24LL3BPVKV3DYR mutant viruses were markedly attenuated upon inoculation of cattle using the natural aerosol or direct tongue inoculation. Likewise, pigs inoculated with live A24LL3DYR virus in the heel bulbs showed no clinical signs of disease, no fever, and no FMD transmission to in-contact animals. Immunization of cattle with chemically inactivated A24LL3DYR and A24LL3BPVKV3DYR vaccines provided 100% protection from challenge with parental wild-type virus. These attenuated, antigenically marked viruses provide a safe alternative to virulent strains for FMD vaccine manufacturing. In addition, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay targeted to the negative markers provides a suitable companion test for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.
Nanosecond Triggering for Sealed-Off Cold Cathode Thyratrons With a Trigger Unit Based on an Auxiliary Glow Discharge

This paper deals with the investigations of ceramic-metal sealed-off pseudospark switches with an auxiliary glow discharge in the trigger unit. The switches are produced commercially by the Pulsed Technology Ltd., Ryazan, Russia. Attention is concentrated on the switch TPI1-10k/50 (pulsed current-10 kA and anode voltage-up to 50 kV). The schematic design of the devices and the principles of function are described. It is demonstrated that the switch is able to operate with an electric circuit corresponding to the classical hydrogen thyratron and to the thyratron with a grounded grid. In both cases, a delay time to triggering in the vicinity of 100 ns and a nanosecond jitter in the delay time are achievable.
Oyster Shell as Substitute for Aggregate in Mortar

Enormous amounts of oyster shell waste have been illegally disposed of at oyster farm sites along the southern coast of Korea. In this study to evaluate the possibility of recycling this waste for use as a construction material, the mechanical characteristics of pulverized oyster shell were investigated in terms of its potential utilization as a substitute for the aggregates used in mortar. The unconfined compressive strengths of various soil mortar specimens, with varying blending ratios of cement, water and oyster shell, were evaluated by performing unconfined compression tests, and the results were compared with the strengths of normal cement mortar made with sand. In addition, the effect of organic chemicals on the hardening of concrete was evaluated by preparing ethyl-benzene-mixed mortar specimens. The long-term strength improvement resulting from the addition of fly ash was also examined by performing unconfined compression tests on specimens with fly-ash content. There was no significant reduction in the compressive strength of the mortars containing small oyster shell particles instead of sand. From these test data, the possible application of oyster shells in construction materials could be verified, and the change in the strength parameters according to the presence of organic compounds was also evaluated.
Great Apes Divergence in Pseudoautosomal Boundary 1 Among Humans and Recombination Has Little Effect on the Rate of Sequence Material Supplemental

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2003/12/15/1777204.DC1. html References http://genome.cshlp. org/content/14/1/37.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 36 articles, 15 of which can be accessed free at: License Commons Creative http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. described at a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), as ). After six months, it is available under http://genome.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml first six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the
Influence of Prior Exposure to Low-Dose Adapting Radiation on Radiation-Induced Teratogenic Effects in Fetal Mice with Varying Trp53 Function

Abstract Mitchel, R. E. J., Dolling, J-A. , Misonoh, J. and Boreham, D. R. Influence of Prior Exposure to Low-Dose Adapting Radiation on Radiation-Induced Teratogenic Effects in Fetal Mice with Varying Trp53 Function. Radiat. Res. 158, 458–463 (2002). Teratogenesis in tails and limb digits of fetal mice with varying Trp53 status was examined after exposure of pregnant females to 4 Gy γ radiation with and without a prior 30-cGy exposure. Prior low-dose exposure modified the teratogenic effects of radiation in a manner dependent upon Trp53 status and gestation time. A 4-Gy exposure on gestation day 11 resulted in tail shortening and digit abnormalities. A 30-cGy exposure 24 h prior to a 4-Gy radiation exposure on day 11 reduced the extent of both digit abnormalities and the tail-shortening effects in Trp53+/+ fetuses and also reduced tail shortening in Trp53+/− fetuses, but to a lesser extent. However, the pre-exposure enhanced the tail-shortening effects of 4 Gy in Trp53−/− fetuses. In contrast, a 30-cGy exposure given 24 h prior to a 4-Gy exposure on gestation day 12 had no effect on the reduced tail length resulting from the 4-Gy exposure of Trp53+/+ or Trp53+/− fetuses, but it partly protected Trp53−/− fetuses against reduced tail length. A 4-Gy exposure alone on day 12 did not result in any increase in the frequency of digit abnormalities in Trp53−/− fetuses so any protective effect of the preirradiation could not be detected. However, the preirradiation did result in protection against in digit abnormalities in Trp53+/− fetuses. We conclude that radiation-induced teratogenesis reflects both Trp53-dependent and independent processes that lead to apoptosis, and these respond differently to prior adapting doses.
Tens of Gigabits Wireless Communications Over E-Band LoS MIMO Channels With Uniform Linear Antenna Arrays

This paper studies the fundamental characteristics of point-to-point E-band channels with uniform linear antenna arrays (ULAs) deployed at both the transmitter and receiver. We model the channels as line-of-sight (LoS) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ones and focus on the channel eigenvalue characterization when the Rayleigh distance criterion cannot be fulfilled due to limited physical sizes of the transmitter and receiver. We first derive explicit expressions for some channel eigenvalues at certain discrete system settings. Asymptotic analyses are then developed when the antenna numbers at the transmitter and receiver or the distance between them goes to infinity. Based on these analytical results, the maximum eigenvalue and the effective multiplexing distance (EMD) of the E-band channel are investigated, where EMD is defined as the end-to-end distance at which the channel can support a certain number of simultaneous spatial streams at a given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We analytically show that the EMD for a given number of parallel signal transmissions is mainly determined by the product of the aperture sizes of the transmit and receive ULAs. Numerical results are provided to validate the analyses.
Depression among Korean, Korean American, and Caucasian American Family Caregivers

This study compared depressive symptoms among Korean, Korean American, and Caucasian American female family caregivers of older persons with dementia. The sample included Korean caregivers living in Seoul, Korea (KK); Korean American (KA) caregivers living in the Chicago and Los Angeles areas; and Caucasian American (CA) caregivers from the Chicago metropolitan area. KK caregivers were more likely to be daughters-in-law, KA caregivers were more likely to be daughters, and CA caregivers were more likely to be wives or daughters. Overall, wives were more depressed than daughters and daughters-in-law. KK caregivers were the most depressed of the three cultural groups. When caregiver relationship and cultural group were examined simultaneously, KK and KA wives were most depressed, and KA daughters-in-law were least depressed. Differences in culture and social role appeared to affect depressive symptoms among these caregivers. The findings suggest a need to further examine the associations between caregivers’ relationships with their care recipients and their own emotional status.
Light alters nociceptive effects of magnetic field shielding in mice: intensity and wavelength considerations

Previous experiments with mice have shown that repeated 1 hour daily exposure to an ambient magnetic field-shielded environment induces analgesia (antinociception). The exposures were carried out in the dark (less than 2.0×1016 photons s−1 m−2) during the mid-light phase of the diurnal cycle. However, if the mice were exposed in the presence of visible light (2.0×1018 photons s−1 m−2, 400–750 nm), then the analgesic effects of shielding were eliminated. Here, we show that this effect of light is intensity and wavelength dependent. Introduction of red light (peak at 635 nm) had little or no effect, presumably because mice do not have photoreceptors sensitive to red light above 600 nm in their eyes. By contrast, introduction of ultraviolet light (peak at 405 nm) abolished the effect, presumably because mice do have ultraviolet A receptors. Blue light exposures (peak at 465 nm) of different intensities demonstrate that the effect has an intensity threshold of approximately 12% of the blue light in the housing facility, corresponding to 5×1016 photons s−1 m−2 (integral). This intensity is similar to that associated with photoreceptor-based magnetoreception in birds and in mice stimulates photopic/cone vision. Could the detection mechanism that senses ambient magnetic fields in mice be similar to that in bird navigation?
An M-band, 2-dimensional translation-invariant wavelet transform and applications

This paper develops a two-dimensional M-band translation-invariant wavelet transform (2-D MTI). Use of the MTI overcomes the shift-variance of the wavelet transform by applying a cost function over M shifts of the input signal. The new transform is proven to be translation-invariant. Use of M-band wavelets enables a finer frequency partitioning and greater energy compaction in the transform representation. Examples are presented which show that the translation-invariant transforms provide superior energy concentration compared to the corresponding nominal wavelet transforms. Examples are also presented comparing the energy concentration capability of M-band wavelets and the modulated lapped transform (MLT). We explored the MTI as a tool for image processing by using it to represent several different images.