Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abuse During Pregnancy in Industrialized and Developing Countries

Abuse during pregnancy has increasingly been identified as an important problem with significant consequences for maternal and infant health, particularly in North America. The authors review available evidence of the prevalence and consequences of abuse during pregnancy, including maternal mortality, outside of North America. The range of prevalence found in developing countries is much wider (3.8% to 31.7%) than that of industrialized countries (3.4% to 11%), which is much closer to findings from North America. There is a need for more studies using consistent definitions and methodologies to examine the patterns and forms of abuse related to pregnancy worldwide.
Accuracy of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing-generated dental casts based on intraoral scanner data.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the accuracy of physical dental casts that are based on three-dimensional (3D) data from an intraoral scanner (IOS). Thus, the authors conducted a study to evaluate the accuracy of full-arch stereolithographic (SLA) and milled casts obtained from scans of three IOSs. METHODS The authors digitized a polyurethane model using a laboratory reference scanner and three IOSs. They sent the scans (n = five scans per IOS) to the manufacturers to produce five physical dental casts and scanned the casts with the reference scanner. Using 3D evaluation software, the authors superimposed the data sets and compared them. RESULTS The mean trueness values of Lava Chairside Oral Scanner C.O. S. (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn.), CEREC AC with Bluecam (Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) and iTero (Align Technology, San Jose, Calif.) casts were 67.50 micrometers (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 63.43-71.56), 75.80 μm (95 percent CI, 71.74-79.87) and 98.23 μm (95 percent CI, 94.17-102.30), respectively, with a statistically significant difference among all of the scanners (P < .05). The mean precision values were 13.77 μm (95 percent CI, 2.76-24.79), 21.62 μm (95 percent CI, 10.60-32.63) and 48.83 μm (95 percent CI, 37.82-59.85), respectively, with statistically significant differences between CEREC AC with Bluecam and iTero casts, as well as between Lava Chairside Oral Scanner C.O. S. and iTero casts (P < .05). CONCLUSION All of the casts showed an acceptable level of accuracy; however, the SLA-based casts (CEREC AC with Bluecam and Lava Chairside Oral Scanner C.O.S.) seemed to be more accurate than milled casts (iTero). PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS On the basis of the results of this investigation, the authors suggested that SLA technology was superior for the fabrication of dental casts. Nevertheless, all of the investigated casts showed clinically acceptable accuracy. Clinicians should keep in mind that the highest deviations might occur in the distal areas of the casts.
An ada laboratory evaluation of light-emitting diode curing units.

December 3, 2014): online at jada.ada. org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available http://jada.ada. org/content/145/11/1164 can be found in the online version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, Updated information and services http://jada.ada. org/content/145/11/1164/#BIBL , 0 of which can be accessed free: 2 articles This article cites http://www.ada. org/990.aspx at: permission to reproduce this article in whole or in part can be found of this article or about reprints Information about obtaining
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase in Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates in a Teaching Hospital of Zahedan City, Iran

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumonia has become widespread in hospitals and is increasing in community settings. Most of K. pneumonia that harbor these enzymes, display resistance to other unrelated antimicrobial agents and thus, often pose a therapeutic dilemma. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing K. pneumonia in a major university hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The susceptibility of 83 K. pneumonia isolates to 12 antibiotics was assessed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. For the ESBL phenotypic test, double-disk diffusion (DD) method was used. Results: The highest resistance rates of the isolates were seen against cefixime (82%), cefotaxime (81%), ceftriaxone (73%), ceftazidime (72%), and azithromycin (60%), consecutively. The lowest resistance rates were observed against gentamicin (58%), tetracycline (59%), nalidixic acid (59%), and amikacin (63%), consecutively. ESBLs were found in 65% of K. pneumonia isolates. Conclusions: We found that 65% of K. pneumonia isolates produced ESBL. Therapeutic strategies to control infections should be carefully formulated in teaching hospitals. The high percentage of drug resistance in ESBL-producing K. pneumonia suggests that routine detection of ESBL by reliable laboratory methods is required.
A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994

In response to public concern about violence against women in the United States, Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA-I), which provided $1.6 billion for programs over 5 years. The purpose of this research is to estimate the net benefit, using a societal perspective, of VAWA-I in reducing violent criminal victimization of women. Costs included direct property losses, medical and mental health care, police response, victim services, lost productivity, reduced quality of life, and death. Benefits were calculated as averted costs. This analysis found that VAWA-I saved $14.8 billion in net averted social costs, suggesting that VAWA-I is an affordable and beneficial social program.
Overexpression of tumour necrosis factor‐α‐converting enzyme in psoriasis

Background Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐converting enzyme (TACE) is a metalloproteinase‐disintegrin that releases soluble TNF‐α from cells by cleaving within the extracellular domain of membrane‐bound pro‐TNF‐α. It was proposed that TNF‐α is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and it is therefore suggested that TACE has important roles in psoriasis. However, it is unclear whether TACE is expressed in psoriatic tissue.
White blood count components as risk predictors for coronary heart disease: the role of eosinophils.

To the Editor: We read with great interest the paper by Madjid and Fatemi1 about the components of the complete blood count as indicators of inflammation and risk predictors of coronary heart disease. Although all subtypes of the white blood count have been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, the role of eosinophils has been underestimated. The authors1 correctly refer to genetic analysis of the inflammatory role of eosinophils, because a single nucleotide polymorphism at 12q24, in SH2B3, was found to have a significant association with myocardial infarction (MI). Eosinophils play an important role in inflammation, and their existence denotes hypersensitivity inflammation. Hypersensitivity inflammation can induce acute MI, and the Kounis hypersensitivity acute coronary syndrome is well described.2 In patients who had vasospastic angina pectoris, eosinophil counts were significantly increased and could predict the severity of the disease. After these patients underwent medical therapy and attained relief from chest symptoms, their eosinophil counts decreased significantly, to the same level as those of the control group.3 Clinical reports have shown that the absolute number of eosinophils and the eosinophil-to-leukocyte ratio are significantly elevated in patients who have coronary artery disease.4 Coronary vasospasm associated with eosinophilia responds poorly to conventional vasodilator therapy, and although the risk of recurrent coronary events is high, most patients respond to therapy that suppresses eosinophilia, such as corticosteroids.5 Eosinophils are pleiotropic multifunctional leukocytes involved in the initiation and propagation of inflammatory responses, and they express H4 histamine receptors on their surface. These receptors facilitate eosinophil chemotaxis toward mast cells, which are a source of inflammatory soluble mediators. These mediators can induce the coronary hypersensitivity associated with Kounis syndrome that manifests itself as vasospastic angina, acute MI, or both.2 Soluble mediators secreted by mast cells and eosinophils also modulate reciprocal interactions between these 2 cells in the so-called “allergic effector unit. ” Major basic cationic protein released from eosinophils can activate mast cells.6 This activation elicits exocytosis and new eicosanoid and cytokine production, both of which are prominent responses after Fc∊RI-dependent activation of mast cells. Mediators similar to those found in Kounis syndrome are found in cases with nonallergic causes, which suggests that this is a more general problem. A common pathway between allergic and nonallergic coronary syndromes seems to exist.2 Eosinophil count has emerged as a novel biomarker of risk stratification in patients who have coronary artery disease. This reality is essential for elucidating the cause of inflammation.
Biochemical hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes in primary care practice

Objective: This study explores the links between testosterone deficiency and Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF) parameters in three south Staffordshire practices prior to a major double-blind placebo-controlled intervention study. Research design and methods: Four hundred and eighty-eight consecutive type 2 diabetic patients, aged over 18, attending their general practitioner for routine diabetes visits were assessed for sex hormone binding globulin, total testosterone (TT), calculated free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile, Sexual Health Inventory for Men, and current and past prescriptions for erectile dysfunction (ED). Results: TT and FT were significantly inversely associated with raised body mass index, waist circumference and HbA1C. The prevalence of ED was 77%, which was associated with low levels of TT, FT and raised HbA1C. Only 10% were receiving treatment for ED. Conclusions: Patients with low testosterone were more likely to fall outside the QOF targets and new markers might be difficult to achieve unless low testosterone is addressed. There is a strong case for the inclusion of TT and FT estimation in routine diabetic care. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2009;9:226-231
Differential effects of hydrogen peroxide on indices of endothelial cell function

The responses of pig aortic endothelial cells to sublethal doses of potentially toxic stimuli were investigated by monitoring K+ efflux, prostaglandin production, and the release of cytoplasmic purines. Xanthine plus xanthine oxidase reversibly stimulated these three parameters of endothelial cell function at doses that were not cytotoxic, as measured by chromium release, adenine uptake, and vital dye exclusion. The effects of xanthine plus xanthine oxidase were inhibited by catalase but not by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that H2O2 was responsible. Reagent H2O2 also reversibly stimulated K+ efflux, prostaglandin production, and the release of purines. The threshold concentration of H2O2 for these effects was approximately 10 microM, which was at least 30-fold lower than that which caused cytotoxicity. In addition to the direct effect of H2O2 in stimulating prostaglandin production (PGI2 and PGE2), prior exposure of endothelial cells to lower doses of H2O2 (less than 0.1 microM) at high oxygen tension inhibited the subsequent stimulation of prostaglandin production by ATP, A23187, and H2O2 itself. We conclude that H2O2 has substantial effects on endothelial physiology at doses up to 3,000-fold lower than those which induce cytotoxicity.
Characteristics of people providing family placements to adult persons with intellectual disabilities

The success of family placement schemes depends largely on the recruitment ofsuitable people who are willing to offer placements in their own home yet littleresearch has been undertaken of their characteristics and the reasons for theirinvolvement. Thirty providers of family based placements to adult persons withintellectual disabilities were individually interviewed. All but one were female; twothirdswere aged 50 plus and just over one-third were in employment. The majorityof providers have been recruited from the care sector and many had experience ofpeople with intellectual disabilities. Most had come into the schemes because of theirpersonal interest in this client group. No one came solely as a result of seeing anadvertisement and only one person explicitly mentioned the financial reimbursement.Over half had been involved for 3 years and more. All felt they gained a greatdeal of satisfaction and enjoyment from their involvement but stressed the amountof commitment needed to become a provider. The placement providers overall werevery satisfied with the way the schemes operated. The main complaint appeared tobe in regard to the low payments. Proposals are made for the future development offamily placement schemes particularly in the recruitment of providers.
Driving Cessation and Health in Older Women

To study the association of health and driving cessation in older female drivers, a mail survey was sent to all Finnish women born in 1927 who gave up their driver license at the age of 70 (n = 1,476) and to a corresponding random sample of women who renewed their license at the age of 70 (n = 1,494). The ex-drivers had poorer overall health status than the drivers, but the health conditions related to driving cessation were in general not of the type impairing driving ability but rather decreasing overall well-being and physical mobility. The results suggest that there is a significant number of older women giving up their license while still fit to drive; hence, for many women, driving cessation may imply a voluntary but unnecessary resignation from an active and independent life.
Experimental therapies in Ewing's sarcoma

Background: Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumours (ES/PNET) are aggressive musculoskeletal tumours with a predilection for young people. With current treatments, significant numbers of patients relapse and survival is poor for those with metastatic disease. Objective: To review current experimental treatment strategies in ES/PNET and prospects for the future. Methods: A review of the literature and recent meeting presentations on established and experimental cytotoxic and biological therapies in the treatment of ES/PNET was performed. Results/conclusion: New combinations of conventional and emerging cytotoxics show some promise. Molecular techniques are being used to identify high-risk patients and potential cellular targets. Several novel biologically targeted agents have demonstrated encouraging preliminary clinical efficacy; it is hoped these combined with current chemotherapeutic agents may improve outcome in ES/PNET.
Locked plate fixation of the comminuted distal fibula: a biomechanical study.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of locked versus nonlocked lateral fibular bridge plating of comminuted, unstable ankle fractures in a mode of catastrophic failure. METHODS We created comminuted Weber C fractures in 8 paired limbs from fresh cadavers. Fractures were plated with either standard or locked one-third tubular bridge plating techniques. Specimens were biomechanically evaluated by external rotation to failure while subjected to a compressive load approximating body weight. We measured the angle to failure, torque to failure, energy to failure and construct stiffness. RESULTS There was no significant difference in construct stiffness or other biomechanical properties between locked and standard one-third tubular plating techniques. CONCLUSION We found no difference in biomechanical properties between locked and standard bridge plating of a comminuted Weber C fibular fracture in a model of catastrophic failure. It is likely that augmentation of fixation with K-wires or transtibial screws provides a construct superior to locked bridge plating alone. Further biomechanical and clinical analysis is required to improve understanding of the role of locked plating in ankle fractures and in osteoporotic bone.
Transforaminal epidural steroid injections prevent the need for surgery in patients with sciatica secondary to lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective case series.

BACKGROUND The median orthopedic surgery wait time in Canada is 33.7 weeks, thus alternative treatments for pathologies such as lumbar disc herniations (LDH) are needed. We sought to determine whether transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) alleviate or merely delay the need for surgery. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with LDH who received TFESIs between September 2006 and July 2008. Patient demographics, level and side of pathology, workers' compensation status, levels injected, treatment outcome and time from referral to treatment were evaluated. The primary outcome measure was the need for versus the avoidance of surgery. RESULTS We included 91 patients in our analysis. Time from family physician referral to injection was 123 (standard deviation [SD] 88) days; no significant differences in wait times were found between TFESI patients and those requiring surgery. In all, 51 patients (22 women, 29 men) with a mean age of 45.8 (SD 10.2) years avoided surgery following TFESI, whereas 40 patients (16 women, 24 mean) with a mean age of 43.1 (SD 12.0) years proceeded to surgery within 189 (SD 125) days postinjection. In all, 15 patients received multiple injections, and of these, 9 did not require surgical intervention. Age, sex and level/side of pathology did not influence the treatment outcome. Workers' compensation status influenced outcome significantly; these patients demonstrated less benefit from TFESI. CONCLUSION Transforaminal epidural steroid injections are an important treatment tool, preventing the need for surgery in 56% of patients with LDH.
Drinking and university students: from celebration to inebriation

There is extensive anecdotal information and considerable interest in the levels and patterns of drinking among university students in Australia. However, few empirical data exist. As a result, a survey was undertaken of students attending the three major universities in the southeast corner of Queensland. Two hundred and nine male and 191 female students, aged 17-25 years, completed a 30-item survey designed to assess prevalence and patterns of alcohol consumption, associated harms and students' alcohol-related attitudes. Nearly all (94%) students drank and many drank very heavily. Approximately half the male students and one-fifth of female students reported drinking to intoxication once or more per week. Consumption of five or more standard drinks on a typical drinking occasion was reported by 54% of students. Overall, more than two-thirds (69%) of the sample reported drinking at hazardous or harmful levels. About one-third of the sample reported experiencing an alcohol-related accident or injury within the last 12 months. Despite this, 62% of students did not believe that a reduction in student drinking was necessary. In addition to examining information on alcohol-related attitudes and behaviour, this survey identified several groups particularly at risk.
Cognitive counselling intervention: treatment effectiveness in an Italian university centre

ABSTRACT Offering counselling to students is increasingly considered as a key academic service. However, the reduction of resources allocated to Italian universities emphasises the need to assess the quality of interventions. This paper presents data reporting the effectiveness of a university counselling service. A sample of 45 undergraduate students completed a cognitive-relational intervention at a counselling service in a University in the North of Italy. The project focused on the development of reappraisal skills and problem-solving strategies to manage difficult situations. The results showed a significant pre and post-intervention reduction in self-reported psychopathological symptoms (measured with Symptoms Check List 90-Revised) as well as in general levels of distress (measured with Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure). A significant increase in reappraisal levels, measured with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, was observed, which is a focal element of the counselling intervention. There were no detectable changes in the level of suppression.
On the Roentgen Diagnosis of Lung Embolism

The acute obstructive embolus in the pulmonary artery is a well known and dreaded complication after many diseases as well as after operations. The clinical picture of this lungembolism, which in a short time ends fatally, is well known. These cases are very seldom if ever roentgenexamined. The acute embolus in one of the main branches of the pulmonary artery or in one or several of the smaller branches in the lung, may also appeal' acute as a complication after many diseased conditions as well as after operations. The patient is generally taken acutely ill with sharp pains in the chest, a feeling of suffocation and a bloody sputum. The condition may also however take an insiduous onset without any such symptoms that permit a clinical diagnosis being made. It may also take on a chronic course, and may then readily be overlooked. It has not created sufficient attention from either clinical or roentgenological point of view and often ends fatally. Minor emboli of this nature are of very frequent occurrence and are often encountered on autopsic examinations without having been clinically diagnosed. POUL MOLLER who has devoted a thorough study to this question found among 176 autopsies lung emboli in no less than 50 cases or in about 28 %. Among these cases of lung embolism there were 10 with larger emboli with a rapidly fatal issue. In 17 cases emboli were of medium size in one of the main branches of the pulmonary artery or in the intrapulmonary branches of the first degree. In 23 cases there were minor emboli located in the smaller branches of the pulmonary artery. It is being stated by WAHLGREN who has also devoted much attention to
6% of online adults are reddit users

This report finds that American young men are especially likely to visit the “front page of the internet. ” Overview Six percent of online adults are reddit users, according to a nationally representative survey by the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project. This is our first survey that specifically examines reddit as a standalone platform, and it finds that young men are especially likely to visit the site. Some 15% of male internet users ages 18-29 say that they use reddit, compared with 5% of women in the same age range and 8% of men ages 30-49. About the survey The results in this report are based on data from telephone interviews conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International from April 17 to May 19, 2013, among a sample of 2,252 adults, age 18 and older. Telephone interviews were conducted in English and Spanish by landline (1,125) and cell phone (1,127, including 571 without a landline phone). For results based on the total sample, one can say with 95% confidence that the error attributable to sampling is plus or minus 2.3 percentage points. For results based on Internet users (n=1,895), the margin of sampling error is plus or minus 2.5 percentage points.