Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methadone dose and neonatal abstinence syndrome-systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM To determine if there is a relationship between maternal methadone dose in pregnancy and the diagnosis or medical treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and PsychINFO were searched for studies reporting on methadone use in pregnancy and NAS (1966-2009). The relative risk (RR) of NAS was compared for methadone doses above versus below a range of cut-off points. Summary RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using random effects meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses explored the impact of limiting meta-analyses to prospective studies or studies using an objective scoring system to diagnose NAS. RESULTS A total of 67 studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review; 29 were included in the meta-analysis. Any differences in the incidence of NAS in infants of women on higher compared with lower doses were statistically non-significant in analyses restricted to prospective studies or to those using an objective scoring system to diagnose NAS. CONCLUSIONS Severity of the neonatal abstinence syndrome does not appear to differ according to whether mothers are on high- or low-dose methadone maintenance therapy.
Relatedness of three species of "false neisseriae," Neisseria caviae, Neisseria cuniculi, and Neisseria ovis, by DNA-DNA hybridizations and fatty acid analysis.

DNA-DNA hybridization was used to determine the levels of genomic relatedness of the three species of "false neisseriae," Neisseria caviae, Neisseria cuniculi, and Neisseria ovis. The reference strains of these species exhibited high levels of intraspecies relatedness (93 to 100% for N. caviae, 79 to 100% for N. cuniculi, and 68 to 100% for N. ovis) but low levels of interspecific relatedness (less than 34%) to each other and to various species belonging to the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria (Kingella kingae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Oligella urethralis) or to the gamma subclass (Branhamella catarrhalis, Kingella indologenes, Moraxella atlantae, Moraxella bovis, Moraxella lacunata subsp. lacunata, Moraxella lacunata subsp. liquefaciens, Moraxella nonliquefaciens, Moraxella osloensis, and Moraxella phenylpyruvica). However, the levels of DNA-DNA hybridization for the three species of "false neisseriae" were significantly higher with the species belonging to the gamma subclass (average, 13.7%) than with the species belonging to the beta subclass (average, 4.5%). These data suggest that N. caviae, N. cuniculi, and N. ovis are three separate genomic species in the gamma subclass. An ascendant hierarchical classification based only on fatty acid profiles distinguished four main classes containing (i) most of the "classical moraxellae," the "false neisseriae," and B. catarrhalis, (ii) only Acinetobacter spp. , (iii) M. nonliquefaciens and "misnamed moraxellae" (M. atlantae, M. osloensis, and M. phenylpyruvica), and (iv) the "true neisseriae," the three Kingella species, and O. urethralis. Fatty acids that distinguish these four classes were identified. The fatty acid profiles of the two strains of Psychrobacter immobilis which we studied are not very similar to the profiles of the other taxa. Our results support the hypothesis that the three species of "false neisseriae," B. catarrhalis, the "classical moraxellae," and Acinetobacter spp. should be included in the same family.
Wind Electricity Subsidies = Windfall Gains for Land Owners? Evidence from Feed-In Tariff in Germany

In 2013, around 121 billion US-Dollar were spend worldwide to promote the investment into renewable energy sources. The most prominent support scheme employed is a feed-in tariff, which guarantees a fixed price for electricity produced by renewable energies sources, usually for around 15 years after the installation of the plant. We study the incidence of wind turbine subsidies, due to a feed-in tariff in Germany, into land prices to shed light on who benefits from the subsidies. In order to identify the incidence share we exploit quasi-experimental variation in wind strength across 270 non-urban counties combined with an institutional reform and use an Instrumental Variable estimator based on administrative transaction prices. We find that between 15 and 20% of expected wind turbine profits are capitalized into land prices. Using the estimated incidence share of 15%, we find that wind turbine subsidies account for roughly 4% of overall agricultural income of land owners in 2007.
Dying well: factors that influence the provision of good end-of-life care for older people in acute and long-stay care settings in Ireland.

AIM The aim of this study was to explore key stakeholders and direct care managers' perspectives on the current provision of end-of-life care for older people in acute and long-stay care settings in Ireland and to construct a model of these. BACKGROUND Although the literature reveals a number of factors that impact on end-of-life care, no study has examined staff perceptions concerning the provision of good end-of-life care for older people in an Irish context. DESIGN Grounded theory was used. Semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data between 2007-2008. METHOD A purposive sample of 33 staff involved in the delivery of end-of-life care to older people working in six sites were selected. RESULTS Factors that influence provision of end-of-life care in Ireland were identified. The core category was 'dying well'. The potential to 'die well' was influenced by three factors, namely philosophy, culture and organisation of care, knowing the person and physical environment and resources. CONCLUSIONS People are living longer consequently acute and long-stay care setting will increasingly become places where older people die. This study identified the factors that influence the provision of good end-of-life care for older people. Mobilising resources to ensure that these factors are considered is crucial to ensuring that regardless of where older people die in Ireland, they will receive the highest standard of care that nurses can provide. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE Understanding the factors that influence the provision of end-of-life care in acute and long-stay facilities in Ireland can help health professionals give more focused support and ensure that influencing factors are addressed so that older people at end-of-life receive quality end-of-life care.
Understanding Women ' s Rape Experiences and Fears

IN CONSIDERING THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF WOMEN'S FEAR OF RAPE (FOR), this paper will examine both the psychological elements of FOR as well as women's experiences of rape. Information in this paper has been based on a study conducted at the University of Queensland during 1992. All subjects in this study were female aged eighteen years and older from non-clinical populations. There was a total of 412 subjects, with 58.8 per cent of subjects under thirty years of age, a median age of eighteen to nineteen years and an age range of eighteen to sixty-seven years. A number of different populations were accessed, although the largest group was comprised of first year psychology students completing the questionnaire to gain credit, of which there were 133 (32.3 per cent). Subjects were given a questionnaire investigating both their fear of being raped and a number of questions regarding their experiences of being raped. In addition, all subjects were asked to provide their views on, for example, how rape should be defined and what methods they use to try and avoid being raped. This paper will initially consider the issue of fear of rape and refer to previous studies conducted in this area. The rest of the paper will be based on the findings of the present study in the two main areas of FOR and descriptive variables of the rape experiences of the subjects.
The disproportionate burden of kidney disease in those who can least afford it.

Kidney disease has reached epidemic proportionsworldwide. Although the magnitude of the disease hasbeen better deﬁned in developed countries, there is in-creasing evidence that kidney disease burden is as greatin developing countries whose infrastructure can leastsupport management of the disease. In developed coun-tries, especially in the United States, racial and ethnicminorities and underserved communities bear a dispro-portionate burden of the disease [1, 2]. However, kidneydisease is but one of the serious health conditions thatdisproportionately afﬂict these communities. In spite ofthe unprecedented scientiﬁc advances in biomedical re-search over the past several decades, which have dramat-ically improved the public health in developed countries,many underserved communities in developed countriesand most of the population in developing countries havenotbeneﬁtedequally. Thesepopulationsexperienceadis-parate burden of illness, disability, and premature death[3]. A complex interaction of genetic, biologic, cultural,and socioeconomic factors, the environment, and speciﬁchealth behaviors seems to be responsible for a signiﬁcantproportion of the health disparities in these communities[4]. In the United States, the health disparities that afﬂictracial and ethnic minorities and other underserved com-munities are not limited to a few disease categories. Theyapplytoabroadspectrumofdiseasesthatinclude,forex-ample, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes,human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV)/acquired immunedeﬁciencysyndrome,otherinfectiousdiseases,andinfantmortality.These communities also exhibit increases in key riskfactors for the development of chronic kidney diseasewhen compared with the Caucasian population [4]. Forexample, Hispanic Americans are twice as likely to die
Head and cervical posture in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

AIM To determine whether patients with myogenous or mixed (ie, myogeneous plus arthrogeneous) temporomandibular disorders (TMD) had different head and cervical posture measured through angles commonly used in clinical research settings when compared to healthy individuals. METHODS One hundred fifty-four persons participated in this study. Of these, 50 subjects were healthy, 55 subjects had myogenous TMD, and 49 subjects had mixed TMD (ie, arthrogenous plus myogenous TMD). A lateral photograph was taken with the head in the self-balanced position. Four angles were measured in the photographs: (1) Eye-Tragus-Horizontal, (2) Tragus-C7-Horizontal, (3) Pogonion-Tragus-C7, and (4) Tragus-C7-Shoulder. Alcimagen software specially designed to measure angles was used in this study. All of the measurements were performed by a single trained rater, a dental specialist in orthodontics, blinded to each subject's group status. RESULTS The only angle that reached statistical significance among groups was the Eye-Tragus-Horizontal (F = 3.03, P = .040). Pairwise comparisons determined that a mean difference of 3.3 degrees (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.15, 6.41) existed when comparing subjects with myogenous TMD and healthy subjects (P = .036). Postural angles were not significantly related to neck disability, jaw disability, or pain intensity. Intrarater and interrater reliability of the measurements were excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranging between 0.996-0.998. CONCLUSION The only statistically significant difference in craniocervical posture between patients with myogenous TMD and healthy subjects was for the Eye-Tragus-Horizontal angle, indicating a more extended position of the head. However, the difference was very small (3.3 degrees) and was judged not to be clinically significant.
“Social Stuff” and Institutional Micro-Processes

The literature on alcohol consumption among university and residential college students in Australia and comparable countries shows a high incidence of heavy and/or frequent drinking. In this article, we report the findings from a study on alcohol consumption among undergraduate university students living in residential colleges in Australia. The aim of the study was to examine residents’ alcohol use as part of a broader set of institutional practices in higher education that are constructed as central to the student experience. The data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews with 29 students from seven residential colleges. We found that inclusion of alcohol in many students’ social and extracurricular activities while residing in college is associated with heavy and/or frequent drinking. We suggest that the use of alcohol among students is shaped by the colleges’ institutional micro-processes, leading to a tension between college managements’ aim to foster alcohol citizenship and students’ liberty to engage in frequent and/or heavy drinking.
Chlamydia pneumonia (and other infective agents) in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes. How good is the evidence?

It is acknowledged that local and systemic inflammatory processes play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, and in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes. Established cardiovascular risk factors do not completely explain the epidemiological changes of, and the diverse presentations of, coronary heart disease. This had led to increasing interest in the contribution of certain infectious agents as atherogenic risk factors. The evidence for Chlamydia pneumoniae as a potential causative agent is strong, and is largely based on the findings of (1) seroepidemiological studies, (2) examination of atheromatous plaque specimens, (3) in-vitro experiments and animal models and recently, (4) preliminary antichlamydial antiobiotic intervention studies. This review aims to focus on the scientific evidence of the implication of C. pneumoniae (and other infective agents) as a culprit aetiological agent in atherogenesis and coronary heart disease.
Hyperboloidal Cauchy data for vacuum Einstein equations and obstructions to smoothness of null infinity.

Various works have suggested that the Bondi-Sachs-Penrose decay conditions on the gravitational field at null infinity are not generally representative of asymptotically flat spacetimes. We have made a detailed analysis of the constraint equations for «asymptotically hyperboloidal» initial data and find that log terms arise generically in asymptotic expansions. These terms are absent in the corresponding Bondi-Sachs-Penrose expansions, and can be related to explicit geometric quantities. We have nevertheless shown that there exists a large class of «nongeneric» solutions of the constraint equations, the evolution of which leads to spacetimes satisfying the Bondi-Sachs-Penrose smoothness conditions
Allergen-specific immunotherapy in children

HISTORICAL TIPS The science of “Immunology” originated in the 19th century and grass pollens were identified for the first time as the likely trigger of seasonal hay fever in the 1870s. Skin allergy testing became an accepted assessment technique around 1910. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was identified in the 1960s. The first scholarly report of immunotherapy for allergy appeared by Noon and Freeman in 1911 in the medical journal, The Lancet. Clinical attempts to determine the best dose and route for allergy therapy increased dramatically in the 1920s and 1930s. The oral route of immunotherapy was suggested earlier in 1900 by Curtis but, the clinical use of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for foods was described in 1969 by David Morris. SLIT was reintroduced in 1970 for inhalant allergens. Although some patients treated for food, pollen, pet dander and mold allergy by SLIT appeared to improve, the ideal dose, degree of expected improvement, and the mechanism of action were not established, and few studies were published in peer reviewed journals until the 1990s. Generally, sufficient research evidence on the effectiveness and mechanism of immunotherapy began to accumulate in the last 15 years of the 20th century.
Fracture of Totally Implanted Central Venous Access Devices: A Propensity-Score-Matched Comparison of Risks for Groshong Silicone versus Polyurethane Catheters

Purpose To evaluate retrospectively the fracture risk of totally implanted venous access devices connected to Groshong silicone (SC) versus polyurethane (PU) catheters, inserted via the internal jugular vein. Materials and methods The study population comprised 384 SC and 221 PU central venous catheters implanted via the internal jugular vein. The presence of catheter fracture was evaluated. Variables possibly related to catheter fracture were evaluated. First, in order to determine the factors associated with fracture, fracture rates were compared with the log-rank test between the two groups divided by each of the variables. Then, in order to adjust for potential confounders, propensity-score matching of the variables was employed in the two catheter groups. Finally, the rates of fracture were compared between the two propensity-score-matched catheter groups. Results There were 16 cases of catheter fracture, for an overall fracture percentage of 2.6% (16/605). All 16 cases of fracture occurred in the SC catheter group. Smaller patient body mass index (p = 0.039), deeper catheter tip position (p = 0.022), and SC catheters (p = 0.019) were significantly associated with fracture. With the propensity-score-matching method, 180 cases were selected in each catheter group. Comparison of the two propensity-score-matched groups showed that fracture rates for SC catheters remained significantly (p = 0.018) higher than those for PU catheters. Conclusions Ports connected to Groshong SC catheters – when implanted via the internal jugular vein – posed a higher risk of fracture than did ports connected to PU catheters.
Percutaneous and Surgical Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placements Have Comparable Outcomes in the Modern Era

exteriorizing it with the outer cuff, and there was no need of an extension channel except for 1 case where there was an inadequate length of proximal normal catheter. Hence, the added economic burden of using an extension channel for every replantation is unwarranted. In our study, there is quite a low rate of mechanical or infective complication like peritonitis in the follow-up that was probably due to extra care of the exit site and catheter by patients post-modified partial replantation, as they had experience of the consequences of carelessness. By repositioning the catheter, we avoided not only the complications of catheter removal like wound hematoma and abscess, but also the need of a break-in period hemodialysis and its complications (7,8). Also the possibility of early or late dialysate leakage is ruled out as there is no disturbance to the proximal healthy portion of the catheter (9). Besides the psychological benefits of our modified partial replantation technique due to not adding a new double cuffed channel/siliconized tube to the native catheter in situ, the economic burden of reinsertion was also reduced without compromising the outcome, as depicted similarly in our previous study (10). In conclusion, the proposed modified technique of partial replantation of a Tenckhoff catheter for channel perforation and aneurysm is a simple and effective procedure with minimal morbidity for an already compromised eSRD patient.
Men Family Caregivers' Experience of Nonsupportive Interactions

Men's involvement as family caregivers has grown as the prevalence of dementia has increased. Men rely on support from others for caregiving but also experience nonsupportive interactions. The purpose of this ethnographic study of 34 men (24 spouses and 10 sons) caring for a relative with dementia, 5 assisting caregivers, and 15 professionals was to identify primary caregivers' perceptions of nonsupportive and supportive interactions in relationships with kin and friends as well as professionals. Thematic analysis of transcribed data generated from interviews, diaries, and focus group discussions revealed the nature of men's caregiving journeys, the characteristics of their social networks, and their expectations of supportive interactions. The nonsupportive interactions men caregivers experienced included a lack of orientation to the caregiving situation, an unsatisfactory linkage to support sources, insufficient support, and hurtful interactions. Information about nonsupportive interactions can sensitize kin and friends as well as professionals to the complexity of men's experience and potentially avoid unintended negative consequences of support efforts.
Use of Homograft Dehydrated Temporal Fascia in Tympanoplasty

Objective To investigate the results of myringoplasty operations using homograft dehydrated fascia temporalis (Tutoplast) and compare these with those performed with autograft fascia temporalis. Study Design Prospective cohort. Setting University hospital. Patients Forty-three adult patients (≥18 years of age) with central, dry perforations of pars tensa with intact ossicular chains. Intervention Tympanoplasty with an endaural approach and underlay technique was performed. Homograft dehydrated temporal fascia was used in 22 patients, and autograft was used in the remaining 21 patients. Main Outcome Measures Preoperative and postoperative air-bone gap and speech reception threshold levels and postoperative compliance values of the homograft and autograft groups were compared. Results Postoperative perforations were encountered in two patients (9.1%) from the homograft group and three patients (14.2%) from the allograft group. Significant postoperative improvements in air-bone gap and speech reception threshold values were detected for both groups (p < 0.05). Although the mean compliance of the tympanic membranes was significantly lower in the homograft group, no statistically significant difference was observed between groups when the postoperative air-bone gap and speech reception threshold values were compared. Conclusion Homograft temporal fascia can be used in tympanoplasty with the same success rate of autograft temporal fascia without impeding hearing. Its main advantages are the reduction in the duration of surgery and the length of preauricular and postauricular incisions. However, the advantages of the dehydrated homograft temporal fascia should be weighed against its cost and risk of transmission of viral and prion-mediated diseases.