Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chromium level and intake from Chinese made tea

Tea is a popular drink around the world. It is also one of the sources of metal intake. The objectives of this study were to assess chromium (Cr) intake from popular green, oolong, black and Pu-erh tea. In total, 128 Chinese made teas were analysed and concentration differences among four types of tea were explored. Black tea contained highest total Cr, which varied between 0.63 and 17.60 mg/kg. The lowest content was found in the green tea samples, between 0.26 and 1.30 mg/kg. Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in black tea were higher than in other types of tea. Cr(III), Cr(VI) and total Cr concentration in different tea infusions were also analysed. The results suggest that drinking tea is an effective way for Cr intake and the risk of adults and children being chronically intoxicated by tea infusions is low.
Service and Treatment Use Among Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Objective: Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require substantial support to address not only core ASD symptoms but also a range of co-occurring conditions. This study explores treatment and service use among children with ASD with and without intellectual disability (ID) and parents' perception of unmet needs from these treatments. Methods: Data were retrieved from a probability-based national sample of 2077 children diagnosed with ASD, ID, or both (ASD and ID). Weighted multivariate logistic regressions examined differences between diagnostic groups for current medication and service utilization with a subanalysis exploring differences among those with co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Additional modeling examined parents' perception of unmet needs. Results: Children diagnosed with ASD and ID were significantly more likely to be receiving current medication and services when compared with children with ID only or ASD only. Children with a co-occurring psychiatric diagnosis, from all 3 diagnostic groups, were more likely to be receiving a current medication, but not more likely to be receiving a current service when compared with children without a co-occurring psychiatric diagnosis. Children with ASD and a co-occurring psychiatric diagnosis were significantly more likely to have parents who reported unmet needs when compared with parents of children with ASD without a co-occurring psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusions: Children diagnosed with ASD and ID, especially those with a comorbid psychiatric condition, represent a vulnerable population with substantial rates of current service (98%) and medication (67%) usage, but despite these high rates, approximately 30% of parents report that their child's developmental needs are still not being met by their current treatment and services.
Mortality associated with moderate intakes of wine, beer, or spirits

Abstract Objective: To examine the association between intake of different types of alcoholic drinks and mortality. Design: Prospective population study with base-line assessment of alcohol intake, smoking habit, income, education, and body mass index, and 10-12 years' follow up of mortality. Setting: Copenhagen city heart study, Denmark. Subjects: 6051 men and 7234 women aged 30-70 years. Main outcome measure: Number and time of cause-specific deaths from 1976 to 1988. Results: The risk of dying steadily decreased with an increasing intake of wine—from a relative risk of 1.00 for the subjects who never drank wine to 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.32 to 0.81) for those who drank three to five glasses a day. Intake of neither beer nor spirits, however, was associated with reduced risk. For spirits intake the relative risk of dying increased from 1.00 for those who never drank to 1.34 (1.05 to 1.71) for those with an intake of three to five drinks a day. The effects of the three types of alcoholic drinks seemed to be independent of each other, and no significant interactions existed with sex, age, education, income, smoking, or body mass index. Wine drinking showed the same relation to risk of death from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease as to risk of death from all causes. Conclusion: Low to moderate intake of wine is associated with lower mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and other causes. Similar intake of spirits implied an increased risk, while beer drinking did not affect mortality. Key messages Key messages Alcohol in small doses is assumed to protect against ischaemic heart disease In this study drinkers of three to five glasses of wine a day had half the risk of dying as those who never drank wine Beer and spirit drinkers experienced no such advantages, and three to five drinks of spirits a day was associated with increased mortality The U shaped risk function may be a result of a combination of the risk functions of wine, beer, and spirits
Psychoeducational assessment of students with intellectual disability: Professional‐action framework analysis

Background: The right to educational inclusion for students with intellectual disability (SWID) requires the development of good assessment and intervention practices from holistic perspectives not exclusively focused on the academic limitations that SWID may present. These practices are settled in Spain, via regulations drawn up by each Autonomous Community (AC). The variety of existing regulations demands a critical review of the decisions taken to promote the inclusion of those students. Method: Current regulations‐in‐force in each AC that regulate attention to diversity (AD) have been were analyzed by using a checklist that includes the variables that defining each stage of the AD process and the ways of providing supports that favor the development, learning and participation of SWID. Results: Attention to diversity measures in each AC emphasize organizational and curricular issues, with no AC following holistic approaches in both assessment and intervention, but rather neglecting self‐determination and the promotion of quality of life for SWID. Conclusions: Guidelines for the development of new legal frameworks and professional practices based on the latest evidence‐based models of attention to SWID and on the results are discussed. &NA; Evaluación psicoeducativa del alumnado con discapacidad intelectual: análisis del marco de actuación profesional. Antecedentes: el derecho a la inclusión educativa del alumnado con discapacidad intelectual (ACDI) requiere buenas prácticas de evaluación e intervención desde enfoques holísticos no exclusivamente centrados en las dificultades académicas que pueda presentar el alumno. Estas prácticas se regulan en España por la normativa de cada Comunidad Autónoma (CA). La variedad de regulaciones existentes demanda una revisión crítica de las decisiones adoptadas para favorecer la inclusión de este alumnado. Método: se ha analizado la normativa vigente que regula la atención a la diversidad (AD) en cada CA empleando una lista de comprobación que recoge las variables que definen cada fase de AD y los modos de prestar apoyos que favorecen el desarrollo, aprendizaje y participación. Resultados: las medidas de AD en cada CA enfatizan aspectos organizativos y curriculares, no habiendo ninguna CA que recoja enfoques holísticos tanto en la evaluación como en la intervención, descuidando la promoción de la autodeterminación y la calidad de vida del ACDI. Conclusiones: se discuten orientaciones para el desarrollo de nuevos marcos legales y práctica profesional partiendo de los enfoques basados en la evidencia de atención al ACDI y de los resultados del estudio.
Lack of seasonal variation in C-reactive protein.

Several studies have reported on an increased incidence of cardiovascular events during winter months (1). Some authors (2) have suggested that an acute-phase response triggered by upper respiratory tract infections is responsible for the higher incidence of acute coronary syndromes during the winter months. Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), the major acute-phase reactant, have been consistently associated with cardiovascular endpoints (3)(4)(5). Because of its short plasma half-life of 19 h, the CRP synthesis rate is the only significant determinant of its plasma concentration and thus precisely reflects inflammatory processes (6). However, this may lead to considerable variability of CRP concentrations, altering its reliability in risk stratification. We investigated seasonal variation of CRP as measured by means of a high-sensitivity immunoradiometric assay (7) in several populations. We studied seasonal variations of several biochemical markers in 16 healthy volunteers (8 women and 8 men; age range, 20–41 years). After volunteers gave written informed consent, blood samples were taken under identical conditions at each of 12 consecutive months [clinical study; see Ref. (8)]. One other group was part of the first cross-sectional survey of the Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) center in Augsburg, Germany, which was performed from October 1984 to May 1985. The objectives and design of the MONICA project have been described in detail previously (9)(10). Briefly, 4022 of the 5069 eligible individuals, 25–74 years of age, initially sampled at random from a study population of 282 279 inhabitants of a mixed urban and rural area, participated in the study (response rate, 79.3%). Of these participants, all of the men (45–64 years of age) participated in an 8-year follow-up study. All participants of this cohort who had complete data on all variables studied had been included in the analysis of …
Nature's green revolution: the remarkable evolutionary rise of C4 plants

Plants with the C4 photosynthetic pathway dominate today's tropical savannahs and grasslands, and account for some 30% of global terrestrial carbon fixation. Their success stems from a physiological CO2-concentrating pump, which leads to high photosynthetic efficiency in warm climates and low atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Remarkably, their dominance of tropical environments was achieved in only the past 10 million years (Myr), less than 3% of the time that terrestrial plants have existed on Earth. We critically review the proposal that declining atmospheric CO2 triggered this tropical revolution via its effects on the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves. Our synthesis of the latest geological evidence from South Asia and North America suggests that this emphasis is misplaced. Instead, we find important roles for regional climate change and fire in South Asia, but no obvious environmental trigger for C4 success in North America. CO2-starvation is implicated in the origins of C4 plants 25–32 Myr ago, raising the possibility that the pathway evolved under more extreme atmospheric conditions experienced 10 times earlier. However, our geochemical analyses provide no evidence of the C4 mechanism at this time, although possible ancestral components of the C4 pathway are identified in ancient plant lineages. We suggest that future research must redress the substantial imbalance between experimental investigations and analyses of the geological record.
Design and experiments for a coupled tendon-driven manipulator

The authors describe the operation of a tendon-driven manipulator, the CT ARM-I, which has a tendon traction force transmission mechanism in which the pair of tendons that drive a joint are pulled from base actuators via pulleys mounted on the base-side joints. The mechanism makes the most of the coupled drive function of the tendon traction forces and thus enables the lightweight manipulator to exhibit enormous payload capability. The manipulator has a solid structure and is inexpensive to manufacture because of its mechanical simplicity. Experiments demonstrate that the CT ARM-I has an active compliance arm and offers payload capability superior to that of conventional manipulators. <<ETX>>
Impact of cross-talk contamination and channel imbalance for marine target surveillance

Calibration of the polarimetric SAR is difficult since that the cross-talk contamination and channel imbalance should be taken into consideration beside radiometric calibration. In this study, impact of channel isolation and channel imbalance on target detection and target polarization decomposition is discussed with different SAR incidence angles. The result shows that target detection performance and polarization characteristics are insensitivity to the change of isolation when the isolation less than −30 dB, and the amplitude imbalance is tolerable when it larger than −0.6 dB.
Is Bowen Theory Universal? Differentiation of Self among Jordanian Male and Female College Students and between them and A Sample of American Students through Bowen's Propositions

This study tested the cross-cultural validity of Bowen family systems theory's (M. Bowen, 1978) several propositions, namely differentiation of self and the relations between differentiation of self, social anxiety, and physical symptoms related to psychological and physical health well being, among Jordanian male and female college students. Results indicated that differentiation predicted both social anxiety and symptomatology, and that male and female students' total differentiation scores varied significantly in Differentiation. On the other hand, compared with U.S. sample (N=126), the Jordanian participants (N = 225) except in fusion with others [FO], reported more emotional reactivity, less emotional cutoff, and less ability to take an “I-position,” total differentiation scores, differ significantly. Taken together, the results suggest that differentiation is a meaningful construct for Jordanian youth, but the lack of support for the universality hypotheses casts doubt on Bowen's theory about no culture and gender differences in differentiation of self. Implications for counseling, limitations, and directions for further research are discussed.
The reliability of the lateral step test.

CONTEXT Functional strength measures correlate more closely with functional performance than non-functional strength measures. OBJECTIVES To determine the reliability of the lateral step test as a measure of maximal strength. DESIGN Intertester repeated measures. SETTING Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty four healthy, pain free subjects. INTERVENTION Two protocols (A and B) were evaluated. The protocols were identical except protocol B involved a three second pause. Participants performed a one repetition maximum (1RM) for each protocol on two occasions separated by one week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Step height (nearest cm) representing 1RM. RESULTS Both protocols demonstrated excellent reliability, protocol A: ICC = 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87 to 0.97), SEM = 1.47 cm. Protocol B: ICC= 0.94 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.97). Percent close agreement within 2 cm was 83.3% for protocol A and 79.1% for protocol B. CONCLUSION Both protocols demonstrated excellent inter-tester reliability as measures of functional lower limb strength.
Increasing recognition of corticosteroid‐induced tumor lysis syndrome in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma

The acute tumor lysis syndrome has been reported in patients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and rarely in other malignancies in association with the administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy. We report a case of a young man with a large cell lymphoma in whom the acute tumor lysis syndrome developed in association with the administration of corticosteroids. Two similar cases have been reported recently. Clinicians who treat patients with neoplastic diseases should be aware that corticosteroids alone may produce this potentially life threatening complication.
Treatment of Congenital Facial Nevi

The treatment of congenital facial nevi is often difficult and challenging. Previous authors have reported their techniques, results, and complications when treating these lesions. Our objectives are to simplify the treatment planning by subdividing the lesions with a new classification and using this to formulate a surgical algorithm. One hundred and two patients with congenital facial nevi were reviewed. All of these patients have had surgical excision for the lesions. We have subgrouped the lesions into three groups, according to size, number of aesthetic units involved, and number of reconstructive stages required. Group I included lesions 1 to 3 cm in maximal diameter, within one aesthetic unit, and requiring one or two reconstructive stages. This group included 29 patients. Group II included lesions 3 to 12 cm in maximal diameter, covering one or two aesthetic units, and requiring not more than two stages of reconstruction. This group had 41 patients. Group III consisted of extensive lesions, over 12 cm in maximal diameter, covering several aesthetic units, and requiring several stages of reconstruction. In this group, we had 32 patients. On the basis of our experience in treating congenital facial nevi in this series, we have developed a surgical algorithm for reconstruction. We are optimistic that this will assist the surgeon in surgical planning and treating this complex patient population. The algorithm is arranged according to the new classification of congenital facial nevi that is presented.
Structure of a New Glycolipid from theMycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulareComplex

ABSTRACT From the lipid fraction of a freeze-dried cell mass of a strain of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellularecomplex, a new glycolipid was isolated and was characterized as 5-mycoloyl-α-arabinofuranosyl (1→1′)-glycerol, mainly on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.
A Randomized, Controlled Intervention of Machine Guarding and Related Safety Programs in Small Metal-Fabrication Businesses

Objectives. Metal fabrication employs an estimated 3.1 million workers in the United States. The absence of machine guarding and related programs such as lockout/tagout may result in serious injury or death. The purpose of this study was to improve machine-related safety in small metal-fabrication businesses. Methods. We used a randomized trial with two groups: management only and management-employee. We evaluated businesses for the adequacy of machine guarding (machine scorecard) and related safety programs (safety audit). We provided all businesses with a report outlining deficiencies and prioritizing their remediation. In addition, the management-employee group received four one-hour interactive training sessions from a peer educator. Results. We evaluated 40 metal-fabrication businesses at baseline and 37 (93%) one year later. Of the three nonparticipants, two had gone out of business. More than 40% of devices required for adequate guarding were missing or inadequate, and 35% of required safety programs and practices were absent at baseline. Both measures improved significantly during the course of the intervention. No significant differences in changes occurred between the two intervention groups. Machine-guarding practices and programs improved by up to 13% and safety audit scores by up to 23%. Businesses that added safety committees or those that started with the lowest baseline measures showed the greatest improvements. Conclusions. Simple and easy-to-use assessment tools allowed businesses to significantly improve their safety practices, and safety committees facilitated this process.
Statistical analysis of interdependence of country health resource variables, with special regard to manpower-related ones.

The analysis reported here was the latest in a series of efforts to clarify the relative importance of the health system and of socioeconomic factors to a nation's general level of health. The study has also quantified national and regional deviations from the general pattern as a basis for selective investigation of the effects of planned interventions.The analysis was unusually comprehensive in that it included 131 WHO Member States. As in a number of other studies, socioeconomic factors were found to account for much of the national variation in life expectancy. Inclusion of health resource variables added a special lagged effect which ultimately accounted for 90% of life expectancy variation. Evidence was also obtained that socioeconomic factors may operate partially through the development of health resources. It appears, therefore, that though socioeconomic factors are necessarily linked to health improvement, they are not sufficient in the absence of corresponding development of a viable health services infrastructure.Residual deviations from the general pattern varied systematically by WHO region in 30% of the cases. Most notably, in the African Region the number of physicians is well below even the modest level expected on the basis of the socioeconomic situation in the region. There is, however, considerable variation within individual countries, and it was not possible to find any significant relationship between the WHO manpower development programme and the national health resource parameters. It is therefore concluded that statistical analysis is of limited applicability in this field.
Procedural success and intra‐hospital outcome related to left atrial appendage morphology in patients that receive an interventional left atrial appendage closure

The interventional left atrial appendage (LAA) closure represents an emerging alternative to oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in certain atrial fibrillation patients. Preliminary results have suggested high procedural success rates and fewer peri‐interventional complications; however, there persists an insufficient understanding of the role of many underlying confounding variables (e.g., anatomical characteristics).
Molecular identification of the strongyloid nematode Oesophagostomum aculeatum in the Asian wild elephant Elephas maximus

Abstract The transmission of zoonoses by wildlife, including elephants, is a growing global concern. In this study, we screened for helminth infections among Asian wild elephants (Elephas maximus) of the Salakpra Wildlife Sanctuary, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Elephant faecal samples (45) were collected from the sanctuary grounds during January through November 2013 and assayed individually using the tetranucleotide microsatellite technique. Microscopic examination indicated a high prevalence of strongylids (93.0%) and low prevalences of trichurids (2.3%) and ascarids (2.3%). To identify the strongylid species, small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences were amplified from copro-DNA and compared with sequences in GenBank. The generated SSU-rDNA sequences comprised five distinct haplotypes that were closely related to Oesophagostomum aculeatum. A phylogenetic analysis that incorporated related nematodes yielded a tree separated into two main clades, one containing our samples and human and domestic animal hookworms and the other consisting of Strongyloides. The present results indicate that O. aculeatum in local elephants is a potential source of helminthiasis in human and domestic animals in this wild-elephant irrupted area.
Cardiac Vagal Regulation and Early Peer Status 1 By :

A sample of 341 5 1⁄2 -year-old children participating in an ongoing longitudinal study was the focus of a study on the relation between cardiac vagal regulation and peer status. To assess cardiac vagal regulation, resting measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and RSA change (suppression) to 3 cognitively and emotionally challenging tasks were derived. Results indicated that vagal regulation was positively associated with peer status. In addition, mediational analyses revealed that the relation between vagal regulation and peer status was mediated through better social skills for girls and better social skills and fewer behavior problems for boys. These findings are discussed in terms of the role of vagal regulation in the facilitation of children’s positive social behavior.