Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Persepsi Auditor Internal atas Kode Etik terhadap Kinerja Auditor Internal: Studi Pada Auditor di Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan Perwakilan Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

ABSTRAKSI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persepsi auditor internal atas kode etik terhadap kinerja auditor internal. Hipotesis penelitian menguji apakah persepsi auditor internal atas kode etik yang terdiri atas integritas, obyektivitas, kerahasiaan, dan kompetensi secara simultan dan secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor internal. Populasi penelitian ini adalah auditor yang bekerja di Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan Perwakilan Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan metode survei dan dianalisis dengan regresi berganda. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa persepsi auditor internal atas kode etik yang terdiri atas integritas, obyektivitas, kerahasiaan, dan kompetensi secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja auditor internal. Secara parsial, obyektivitas dan kompetensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja auditor internal. Kata kunci: persepsi, auditor internal, kode etik, kinerja auditor, aparat pengawasan intern pemerintah ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of internal auditor’s perception toward the ethic code on internal auditor’s performance. The hypothesis examine how far internal auditor’s perception toward the ethic code that consists of integrity, objectivity, confidentiality, and competency have influence to internal auditor’s performance as well as partially and simultaneously. The populations of this research are auditors who works in the Indondesian Financial and Development Supervisory Agency of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province. This research uses purposive sampling technique to collect sample. Data were collected using a survey method and then analyzed by using multiple regression. The results of hypothesis test shows that internal auditor’s perception toward the ethic code that consists of integrity, objectivity, confidentiality, and competency have significance influence to internal auditor’s performance simultaneously. Objectivity and competency have significance influence to internal auditor’s performance partially. Keyword: perception, internal auditor, ethic code, auditor’s performance, aparat pengawasan intern pemerintah
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Associated with Hiv Related Patients: The Experience in Northeastern Nigeria

Although neurological complications in HIV infection are common [4] and neurological dysfunction as the first manifestation of AIDS has been found in 10 to 20% of symptomatic HIV infections [5]. The presence of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) has been seldom reported. Despite extensive investigation over the last several decades, no single cause of AFP has been identified. Instead, the condition appears to be triggered by a variety of infectious agents, including wild poliovirus [6], non-polio entrovirus [7], campylobacter jejeni, mycoplasma pneumoniae, Epstein-Barr virus, and HIV and certain non infectious antigen as in case of Guillian-Barré Syndrome [8,9].
The Control of Storage Xyloglucan Mobilization in Cotyledons of Hymenaea courbaril1

Hymenaea courbaril is a leguminous tree species from the neotropical rain forests. Its cotyledons are largely enriched with a storage cell wall polysaccharide (xyloglucan). Studies of cell wall storage polymers have been focused mostly on the mechanisms of their disassembly, whereas the control of their mobilization and the relationship between their metabolism and seedling development is not well understood. Here, we show that xyloglucan mobilization is strictly controlled by the development of first leaves of the seedling, with the start of its degradation occurring after the beginning of eophyll (first leaves) expansion. During the period of storage mobilization, an increase in the levels of xyloglucan hydrolases, starch, and free sugars were observed in the cotyledons. Xyloglucan mobilization was inhibited by shoot excision, darkness, and by treatment with the auxin-transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid. Analyses of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid in the cotyledons revealed that its increase in concentration is followed by the rise in xyloglucan hydrolase activities, indicating that auxin is directly related to xyloglucan mobilization. Cotyledons detached during xyloglucan mobilization and treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid showed a similar mobilization rate as in attached cotyledons. This hormonal control is probably essential for the ecophysiological performance of this species in their natural environment since it is the main factor responsible for promoting synchronism between shoot growth and reserve degradation. This is likely to increase the efficiency of carbon reserves utilization by the growing seedling in the understorey light conditions of the rain forest.
Role of a Viral Membrane Polypeptide in Strand-Specific Initiation of Poliovirus RNA Synthesis

A molecular genetic analysis has been combined with an in vitro biochemical approach to define the functional interactions required for nucleotidyl protein formation during poliovirus RNA synthesis. A site-directed lesion into the hydrophobic domain of a viral membrane protein produced a mutant virus that is defective in RNA synthesis at 39 degrees C. The phenotypic expression of this lesion affects initiation of RNA synthesis, in vitro uridylylation of the genome-linked protein (VPg), and the in vivo synthesis of plus-strand viral RNAs. Our results support a model that employs a viral membrane protein as carrier for VPg in the initiation of plus-strand RNA synthesis. Our data also suggest that a separate mechanism could be used in the initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis, thereby providing a means for strand-specific regulation of picornavirus RNA replication.
Exploiting Tri-Relationship for Fake News Detection

Social media for news consumption is becoming popular nowadays. The low cost, easy access and rapid information dissemination of social media bring benefits for people to seek out news timely. However, it also causes the widespread of fake news, i.e., low-quality news pieces that are intentionally fabricated. The fake news brings about several negative effects on individual consumers, news ecosystem, and even society trust. Previous fake news detection methods mainly focus on news contents for deception classification or claim fact-checking. Recent Social and Psychology studies show potential importance to utilize social media data: 1) Confirmation bias effect reveals that consumers prefer to believe information that confirms their existing stances; 2) Echo chamber effect suggests that people tend to follow likeminded users and form segregated communities on social media. Even though users' social engagements towards news on social media provide abundant auxiliary information for better detecting fake news, but existing work exploiting social engagements is rather limited. In this paper, we explore the correlations of publisher bias, news stance, and relevant user engagements simultaneously, and propose a Tri-Relationship Fake News detection framework (TriFN). We also provide two comprehensive real-world fake news datasets to facilitate fake news research. Experiments on these datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
INFLUENCE OF STUDENTS SELF-CONCEPT ON THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN THE ELMINA TOWNSHIP

This study investigated the influence of student’s self-concept on their academic performance. A total of 297 randomly selected junior high school students in the Elmina Township, Ghana completed the questionnaire, comprising 40 close-ended items related to student’s self-concept constructs derived from the literature. The average scores of the second term test-scores of students in Mathematics, Integrated Science, English Language and Social Studies were used to measure pupils’ academic performance. The questionnaire used for the study was a five-point scale questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha was used to test for the reliability of the questionnaire. The reliability coefficient was 0.86. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. It was found out that students self-concept is perceived positively by students; however, this self-concept does not directly predict students’ academic performance. It does so only when students are able to exert some level of effort in learning what they have been taught during their private studies. It is therefore recommended that teachers, parents, and indeed all stakeholders should see it as a duty to consider this self-concept of students since they influence the development of positive selfconcept among students when dealing or interacting with them. Also, they must help, monitor and supervise students to have private time table for learning and to guide them in their dayto-day learning since such effort boost students’ academic performance significantly. If students’ effort in learning goes pari passu with their physical, social, esteem, religion, economic and educational orientation self-concepts, then students will perform better academically which will in turn increase their general academic performance significantly.
Beyond Visibility and Transparency: What Distinguishes Investment Decisions of Foreign and Domestic Investors?

We investigate firm attributes that set apart portfolio allocation preferences of foreign and domestic investors, using holdings data of investment funds in 48 markets. Controlling for market features, we find that visible and transparent target firms attract not only foreign funds, as already established in the literature, but also their domestic counterparts. Beyond visibility and transparency, foreign investment decisions are strongly motivated by specific bilateral linkages between investee firms and investors countries of origin, while investment decisions of domestic funds are not. This difference in allocation preferences between foreign and domestic funds is in fact more observable in countries with low explicit market-wide barriers to foreign investments. Our findings imply that allocation strategies of foreign and domestic investors can deviate in the way that minimizes the former's information disadvantages and that the well-documented "familiarity bias" phenomenon reflects the complementary effects of both firm- and market-level barriers in foreign investment.
Neuromuscular Training Techniques to Target Deficits Before Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Surgical intervention and early-phase rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have undergone a relatively rapid and global evolution over the past 25 years. Despite the advances that have significantly improved outcomes, decreases in healthcare coverage (limited visits allowed for physical therapy) have increased the role of the strength and conditioning specialist in the rehabilitation of athletes returning to sport after ACL reconstruction. In addition, there is an absence of standardized, objective criteria to accurately assess an athlete's ability to progress through the end stages of rehabilitation and safely return to sport. The purpose of this Scientific Commentary is to present an example of a progressive, end-stage return to sport protocol that is targeted to measured deficits of neuromuscular control, strength, power, and functional symmetry that are rehabilitative landmarks after ACL reconstruction. The proposed return to sport training protocol incorporates quantitative measurement tools that will provide the athlete with objective feedback and targeted goal setting. Objective feedback and targeted goal setting may aid the strength and conditioning specialist with exercise selection and progression. In addition, a rationale for exercise selection is outlined to provide the strength and conditioning specialist with a flexible decision-making approach that will aid in the modification of return to sport training to meet the individual athlete's abilities and to target objectively measured deficits. This algorithmic approach may improve the potential for athletes to return to sport after ACL reconstruction at the optimal performance level and with minimized risk of reinjury.
Protein-crystal Interactions in Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formation

We have studied the ability of urinary molecules in altering the precipitation of kidney stone-related calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals and correlated the resulting morphologies with those of idiopathic COM kidney stones. We found that weakly acidic but highly glycosylated polyelectrolytes (Tamm Horsfall protein (THP), fetuinA, hyaluronic acid) do not significantly affect crystallization, and that THP and fetuinA show the tendency to aggregate in the presence of nascent crystals. It is proposed that highly glycosylated polyelectrolytes encapsulate nascent urinary crystals, prevent their aggregation, and thus act supportive in crystal excretion. Strong effects on crystallization were observed in the presence of the highly acidic molecules osteopontin (OPN), citrate, and the non-urinary glycosaminoglycans heparin and dextran sulfate. OPN formed non-structured concretions comparable with those found in the core of stones, while citrate formed platelets closely resembling crystal shapes found in the mantle region. However, it is unclear how the columnar growth in the mantle takes place. It is assumed that changing polyelectrolyte compilations/concentrations affect stone forming processes (e.g. equilibria, enhanced self-assembly), perhaps resulting in these structures. We have indeed shown that peptides can induce the formation of such structures. Moreover, heparin and dextran sulfate inhibited COM formation; implicating that these molecules could assist OPN, citrate but also THP in preventing stone formation.
Bank Behavior Under Capital Regulation: What Does the Academic Literature Tell Us?

This paper reviews academic studies of bank capital regulation in an effort to evaluate the intellectual foundation for the imposition of the Basel I and Basel II systems of risk-based capital requirements. The theoretical literature yields general agreement about the immediate effects of capital requirements on bank lending and loan rates and the longer-term impacts on bank ratios of equity to total or risk-adjusted assets. This literature produces highly mixed predictions, however, regarding the effects of capital regulation on bank asset risk and overall safety and soundness. Research also indicates that bank capital regulation can have procyclical macroeconomic effects and can impinge on the effectiveness of monetary policy. Although empirical research provides some support for the macroeconomic and monetary policy implications of risk-based capital requirements, conclusions about actual bank balance-sheet and risk adjustments to capital regulation are also mixed. Thus, the intellectual foundation for the present capital-regulation regime is not particularly strong. The mixed conclusions in the academic literature on banking certainly does not provide unqualified support for moving to an even more stringent and costly system of capital requirements.
The Generalized Transducing Salmonella Bacteriophage ES18: Complete Genome Sequence and DNA Packaging Strategy

ABSTRACT The generalized transducing double-stranded DNA bacteriophage ES18 has an icosahedral head and a long noncontractile tail, and it infects both rough and smooth Salmonella enterica strains. We report here the complete 46,900-bp genome nucleotide sequence and provide an analysis of the sequence. Its 79 genes and their organization clearly show that ES18 is a member of the lambda-like (lambdoid) phage group; however, it contains a novel set of genes that program assembly of the virion head. Most of its integration-excision, immunity, Nin region, and lysis genes are nearly identical to those of the short-tailed Salmonella phage P22, while other early genes are nearly identical to Escherichia coli phages λ and HK97, S. enterica phage ST64T, or a Shigella flexneri prophage. Some of the ES18 late genes are novel, while others are most closely related to phages HK97, lambda, or N15. Thus, the ES18 genome is mosaically related to other lambdoid phages, as is typical for all group members. Analysis of virion DNA showed that it is circularly permuted and about 10% terminally redundant and that initiation of DNA packaging series occurs across an approximately 1-kbp region rather than at a precise location on the genome. This supports a model in which ES18 terminase can move substantial distances along the DNA between recognition and cleavage of DNA destined to be packaged. Bioinformatic analysis of large terminase subunits shows that the different functional classes of phage-encoded terminases can usually be predicted from their amino acid sequence.
Hypouricemia and renal tubular urate secretion.

To the Editor. —We read with interest the article entitled "Hypouricemia due to an Increment in Renal Tubular Urate Secretion" by Shichiri et al published in the October 1982Archives(142:1855-1857). These authors described two patients with hypouricemia due to augmented uric acid clearance that was greatly increased by the administration of oral probenecid therapy. They concluded that increased urate secretion by the renal tubule was probably responsible for the hypouricemia of both patients and, to their knowledge, this is the first description of increased tubular urate secretion as a variety of renal hypouricemia. At the Fourth International Symposium on Human Purine and Pirimidine Metabolism (Maastricht, the Netherlands, June 1982), we described five patients with hyperuricosuria who had recurrent nephrolithiasis and who did not normalize their uric acid excretion while receiving an essentially purine-free diet. 1 Furthermore, all were hypouricemic and showed evidence of an abnormal uricosuric response when given
Improved reliability of NO-nitrided SiO2 grown on p-type 4H-SiC

This letter demonstrates that the reliability of oxides grown on p-type 4H-SiC can be dramatically improved by NO nitridation. High field (-8 Mv/cm) room-temperature stressing and high-temperature negative-bias (250/spl deg/C, -4 MV/cm) testing were used to investigate the reliability of NO nitrided oxides. Relatively small changes in the flat-band voltage, interface-trap density and leakage current were observed after 5000 s in the case of NO nitrided oxides, while shorter stressing shifted these parameters dramatically in the case of N annealed control samples.
The Moderating Role of the Industry Structure on the Causal Relationships between Remote Risks, Task Risks, and Industry Performance: Empirical Study of the U.S. Casual Theme Restaurant Industry

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concepts of remote and task risks in relation to the structure of the casual theme restaurant industry, and to examine the performance consequences of their relationships. This study proposed a framework of analysis that will enable industry participants to develop an improved understanding of the relationships among environmental risk drivers, and of the influence of their strategic decisions on the environment-performance connection. Specifically, it was proposed that task risk factors could be identified, and that they would mediate the influence that some identifiable remote risk factors would have on the performance of the industry. It was also expected that this mediated relationship would be moderated by the influence of the structure of industry. The primary unit of analysis was at the industry sector level as the performance construct was operationalized using a portfolio of 24 casual theme restaurant firms. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the remote and task risk factors. The analysis suggested that three remote factors and three task factors represent the two environmental constructs: “Interest rates”, “Expectations” and “Exchange rates” for the remote environment, and “Input quantities”, “Input restaurant” and “Input prices” for the task environment. A number of time-series regression analyses were subsequently conducted for the 19932006 period to investigate the various proposed relationships. The results indicated that a number of significant direct effects of the remote and task risk factors on the cash flow returns on invested capital of the industry portfolio existed. Also, a significant mediated relationship was found: the “Input prices” mediated the influence of the “Expectations” on changes in the cash flow returns on invested capital. However, and despite numerous significant direct effects between the industry structure variables and the performance variables, no moderation could be established. The present study paved the way for future research on the relationships between the remote and task environment and the performance of firms. In particular, further research should be conducted that delves into the role of the cyclical nature of environmental risk factors. Besides, additional investigations of the influence of the structure of the industry should be conducted by attempting to compare more contrasted states of the industry.
Traffic Accidents in Jordan

In Jordan, traffic accidents constitute a major health problem. They are considered the second leading cause of death. This paper investigated the characteristics of traffic accidents in Jordan and evaluated the safety impact of policy measures undertaken in 2008, including intensification of police enforcement and implementation of traffic law with stiff penalty levels. To accomplish these objectives, accidents’ data of 1998 through 2007 were obtained from Jordan Traffic Institute and other related sources. Results of analysis revealed that Jordan has experienced huge human and economic losses as well as social and emotional negative impacts. Children, young and elderly have been exposed to an elevated pedestrian accident risk. Young drivers of ages less than 25 years and elderly of ages over 60 years are over-involved in accidents. Carelessness and aggressive driving behavior were the major causes of traffic accidents. The results of analysis also indicated that motorization level can be used to explain variations in traffic accidents and fatalities. Furthermore, intensifying of traffic enforcement and implementing traffic law with stiff penalty levels were found to have a strong positive safety impact on accidents and fatalities. Finally, it is recommended to restructure and empower the Higher Council for Traffic Safety to be able to draw a comprehensive strategy with clear vision and rational safety policies to tackle the traffic accidents’ problem.
Radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity: Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and the intestinal microvasculature

Abstract Purpose To review the literature surrounding the involvement of the endothelium and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity (RIGT) and further elucidate its complex pathobiology. Results RIGT involves damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa and is associated with diarrhoea, pain, and rectal bleeding depending on the area of exposure. The mechanisms underpinning RIGT are complex and have not yet been elucidated. Members of the MMP family, particularly MMP-2 and -9, have recently been identified as being key markers in RIGT and chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity (CIGT). Furthermore, the microvasculature has long been implicated in the development of toxicities following both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, however, the mechanisms behind this are yet to be explored. Conclusions It is proposed that matrix metalloproteinases are key regulators of endothelial mediators, and may play a key role in inducing damage to intestinal microvasculature following radiotherapy.