Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of whole cereal grains contained in the ration on calf performance and selected morphometric parameters of the rumen and small intestine

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of whole maize and oat grains contained in starter concentrates on the performance of calves (during the first 90 days of their life) and selected morpho - metric parameters of the rumen and small intestine. The study was conducted on two groups of Holstein- Friesian calves (each of 3 males and 9 females) during the first 90 days of their life. After colostrum feeding all calves were given a milk replacer. Group 1 (control) received a concentrate (containing ground cereal grains) and meadow hay. Until 4 weeks of age group 2 (experimental) received a concentrate mixed with 25% of whole maize grains, followed by a concentrate mixed with 25% of whole maize grains and 25% of whole oat grains. The rations were supplemented with hay in the last two weeks of the experiment. Feeding the concentrates based on ground cereal components to calves (until 30 days of age) enabled to increase both feed intake and daily body weight gains. The addition of whole maize and oat grains to diets for the calves of experimental group significantly increased their mean daily gains throughout the experimental period, compared to the calves of control group (906 g vs. 769 g). At 90 days of age, the bulls of experimental group were characterised by thinner ( P < 0.01) ruminal epithelium, including a thinner cornified layer (17.50 vs. 33.39 µm). Those calves also had thicker duodenal epithelium ( P < 0.01) and thicker jejunal mucosa ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the calves of experimental group had regular and tall intestinal villi, which were irregular in the calves of control group and varied in length and shape. The obtained results indicate that it is recommended to supplement whole maize and oat grains to diets for calves, starting from the second month of life.
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Diabetes education in children and adolescents

To maintain intensive glycemic therapy, families perform a multitude of self-management tasks on a daily basis responding to changes in activity, food and physiology. The challenge for diabetes health care professionals is to deliver diabetes education that optimizes the families' knowledge and understanding of the condition and its treatment and assists them to adjust to living with diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Advances in understanding gender difference in cardiometabolic disease risk

ABSTRACT Gender differences exist in cardiovascular or metabolic disease risk, beyond the protective effect of estrogens, mostly burdening the postmenopausal female. We aimed to review herein sex differences in pro-inflammatory states, the independence of inflammation from insulin resistance, differences in high-density lipoprotein dysfunction, in gene-environment interactions, and in the influence of current and former smoking on cardiometabolic risk. Sex differences in absorption of long-chain fatty acids are highlighted. Differences exist in the first manifestation of cardiovascular disease, men being more likely to develop coronary heart disease as a first event, compared to women who have cerebrovascular disease or heart failure as a first event. Autoimmune activation resulting from pro-inflammatory states, a fundamental mechanism for numerous chronic diseases in people prone to metabolic syndrome, is much more common in women, and these constitute major determinants. Therapeutic approaches to aspects related to sex difference are briefly reviewed.
Chi-Square Distribution Matching in Unambiguous Sine-BOC and Multiplexed-BOC Acquisition

Multiplexed Binary-Offset-Carrier (MBOC) modulated signals are the main candidates for the future Galileo Open Services (OS) and modernized GPS L1C signals. The Autocorrelation Functions (ACFs) of MBOC signals have additional lobes compared to the ACFs of classical GPS signals (which employ BPSK modulation) and the presence of these lobes introduce new challenges in the signal acquisition process. Several unambiguous acquisition techniques have been previously proposed in order to eliminate or diminish the sidelobes and enhance the acquisition process. The purpose of this paper is to model theoretically, via chisquare distributions, the test statistics of both unambiguous sine BOC-and MBOC modulated signals. The parameter distribution fitting is based on simulations and the resulting theoretical model is compared with the simulation results, in terms of detection probabilities.
Oral health impacts on daily living related to four different treatment protocols for chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral health impacts perceived by patients submitted to different treatments of chronic periodontitis and their association with clinical parameters. METHODS Sixty patients were assigned to one of the following therapeutic groups: control, treated with full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP); test 1, treated with SRP and 400 mg systemically administered metronidazole (MET) three times per day for 10 days; test 2, treated with SRP and professional supragingival plaque removal (PP) every week for 3 months; and test 3, treated with SRP and MET plus PP. Clinical periodontal measurements and data regarding patients' oral health impacts (perceived impacts on bleeding gums, gingival recession, sensitivity to cold, packing foods, aesthetics, bad breath, and tooth mobility) were collected at baseline and 3 months after therapy. RESULTS All groups presented significant improvement in oral health perceived impacts. There was no statistically significant difference in the improvement of oral health impacts among groups subjected to different treatments. The clinical data of percentage of deep probing depth, deep clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were found to be correlated significantly with oral health impacts. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal treatment leads to a significant reduction of self-perceived impacts regardless of the non-surgical treatment protocol employed. Most of the clinical data were associated with oral health impacts.
Siblings and the Coming-Out Process: A Comparative Case Study

ABSTRACT Siblings play a key, supportive role in the lives of many lesbian and gay adults. Yet siblings are rarely considered in the literature regarding the coming-out process (D’Augelli et al., 1998; Hilton & Szymanski, 2011; LaSala, 2010; Savin-Williams & Dubé, 1998). To fill this gap in the research literature, we carried out a comparative case study in the country of Belgium between two sets of siblings—three Romani brothers with one sibling identifying as a gay male and three White sisters with one sibling identifying as a lesbian. These two cases were pulled from a larger qualitative study (Haxhe & D’Amore, 2014) of 102 native French-speaking Belgian participants. Findings of the present study revealed that siblings offered critical socio-emotional support in the coming out of their lesbian and gay sibling, particularly with disclosing to parents and with fostering self-acceptance.
Bioinformatics Reveal Five Lineages of Oleosins and the Mechanism of Lineage Evolution Related to Structure/Function from Green Algae to Seed Plants1[OPEN]

From green algae to seed plants, oleosins have evolved into 5 lineages, each retaining the conserved hairpin structure but having diversified for unique structures and functions in specific cells and plant groups. Plant cells contain subcellular lipid droplets with a triacylglycerol matrix enclosed by a layer of phospholipids and the small structural protein oleosin. Oleosins possess a conserved central hydrophobic hairpin of approximately 72 residues penetrating into the lipid droplet matrix and amphipathic amino- and carboxyl (C)-terminal peptides lying on the phospholipid surface. Bioinformatics of 1,000 oleosins of green algae and all plants emphasizing biological implications reveal five oleosin lineages: primitive (in green algae, mosses, and ferns), universal (U; all land plants), and three in specific organs or phylogenetic groups, termed seed low-molecular-weight (SL; seed plants), seed high-molecular-weight (SH; angiosperms), and tapetum (T; Brassicaceae) oleosins. Transition from one lineage to the next is depicted from lineage intermediates at junctions of phylogeny and organ distributions. Within a species, each lineage, except the T oleosin lineage, has one to four genes per haploid genome, only approximately two of which are active. Primitive oleosins already possess all the general characteristics of oleosins. U oleosins have C-terminal sequences as highly conserved as the hairpin sequences; thus, U oleosins including their C-terminal peptide exert indispensable, unknown functions. SL and SH oleosin transcripts in seeds are in an approximately 1:1 ratio, which suggests the occurrence of SL-SH oleosin dimers/multimers. T oleosins in Brassicaceae are encoded by rapidly evolved multitandem genes for alkane storage and transfer. Overall, oleosins have evolved to retain conserved hairpin structures but diversified for unique structures and functions in specific cells and plant families. Also, our studies reveal oleosin in avocado (Persea americana) mesocarp and no acyltransferase/lipase motifs in most oleosins.
Reporting "basic results" in ClinicalTrials.gov.

Growing awareness of selective publication of research studies (“publication bias”) and the selective reporting of outcomes in publications (“outcome reporting bias”),1 has led policymakers to call for increased “clinical trial transparency” through the public disclosure of key information about clinical trials.2 A US federal law3 enacted in 2007 mandates registration and results reporting for certain clinical trials of drugs, biological products, and devices, regardless of study funding source, at ClinicalTrials.gov, an online registry and results database operated by the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Table 1 summarizes the goals of the results database. The theoretical benefits and limitations of non-peer-reviewed public results databases have been discussed elsewhere.4–6 This article summarizes the current requirements for reporting results and describes how to submit results data elements to the ClinicalTrials.gov results database. These tips for creating clear, understandable entries may be kept as a resource for use when preparing to enter results data for a clinical trial. A previous “Medical Writing Tips” article focused on trial registration.7 Table 1 Results Database Purposes for Various Groups
Thrombotic Microangiopathy in IgA Nephropathy

Dear Editor, Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) occurs in IgA nephropathy, but is uncommon in the setting of IgA nephropathy. Recently an article published by El Karoui and colleagues, entitled “A clinicopathologic study of thrombotic microangiopathy in IgA nephropathy” (1). They retrospectively examined a series of 128 patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) between 2002 and 2008 who had a mean follow-up of 44 ± 27 months. They found that, 53 % presented with lesions of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), acute or organized, in arteries and / or arterioles. They concluded that, lesions of TMA are frequent in IgA nephropathy and may occur in normotensive patients with near-normal renal histology (1). However, we would like to remind a few points about TMA in IgA nephropathy. In a study on 102 primary IgA nephropathy patients, we found, morphologic lesions of TMA in 2 % of our patients, while all of them had malignant hypertension (2). In our study 71.6 % of patients were male. The mean age of the patients was 37.7 year. Morphologic variables of MEST classification was as follows; M1: 90.2 %, E: 32 %, S: 67 % also in grads I and II were in 30 % and 19 % respectively, while 51 % were in grade zero. Previously in a study on a small group of IgAN patients with thrombotic microangiopathy injury, Chang et al. (3) found, association of TMA with advanced stages and severe proteinuria of IgA nephropathy. Few publications existed regarding the TMA in IgA nephropathy. However, it is uncommon in the setting of IgA nephropathy and its significance, as a concomitant histologic finding, is unclear (4, 5). It is possible that IgAN has different presentation between different regions (6-8). However, the reports of overlapping morphologic lesions of TMA and IgAN are poorly understood and debatable and needs more attention in larger series of IgAN (8-10).
Cognitive, psychomotor, and physical performance in cold air after cooling by exercise in cold water.

INTRODUCTION This study evaluated performance after lowering core temperature at different rates while local tissues were either cooled (lower body) or not cooled (upper body). METHODS There were 10 men who volunteered to perform up to 8 cold water immersions (CWI) at combinations of 2 water temperatures (10 degrees C and 15 degrees C), 2 depths [waist (W), chest (C)], and 2 walking speeds (0.44 or 0.88 m x s(-1)) until their core temperature fell to 35.5 degrees C, stabilized above that temperature, or they requested to stop. They also completed a control trial (120 min rest in 19 degrees C air). Immediately following each CWI and control, cognitive and physical performance tests were performed in cold air (10 degrees C; CAE). RESULTS Overall, the CWI protocol lowered rectal temperature by 0.3-1.0 degrees C. Mean skin temperature was approximately 26 degrees C and finger temperature was approximately 15 degrees C during CAE. No statistical differences were observed across trials for any cognitive test. On the physical performance tests, step test performance was degraded approximately 12% on CWI trials compared with control, but there were no differences in manual dexterity, hand grip strength, marksmanship, or pull-ups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that cognitive performance can be maintained despite mild hypothermia, and that physical performance is related to local tissue temperature, not a moderately reduced core temperature.
Incidence rate of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on conventional and organic Canadian dairy farms.

Mastitis is a common and costly production disease on dairy farms. In Canada, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (IRCM) has been determined for conventionally managed dairy farms; however, no studies to date have assessed rates in organically managed systems. The objectives of this observational study were (1) to determine the producer-reported IRCM and predominant pathogen types on conventional and organic dairy farms in Southern Ontario, Canada, and (2) to evaluate the association of both mean overall IRCM and pathogen-specific IRCM with management system, housing type, and pasture access. Data from 59 dairy farms in Southern Ontario, Canada, distributed across conventional (n=41) and organic management (n=18) systems, were collected from April 2011 to May 2012. In addition to management system, farms were categorized by housing method (loose or tie-stall) and pasture access for lactating cows. Participating producers identified and collected samples from 936 cases of clinical mastitis. The most frequently isolated mastitis pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Bacillus spp. , Streptococcus spp. , Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The IRCM was higher on conventional farms than organic (23.7 vs. 13.2 cases per 100 cow-years) and was not associated with housing type (loose or tie-stall), pasture access, or herd-average milk yield. Bulk tank somatic cell count tended to be lower on conventional farms than organic (222,000 vs. 272,000 cells/mL). Pathogen-specific IRCM attributed to Staph. aureus, Bacillus spp. , and E. coli was greater on conventional than organic farms, but was not associated with housing or any other factors. In conclusion, organic management was associated with reduced overall and pathogen-specific IRCM.
Infant mortality in nine industrial parishes in northern England, 1813-1836.

Evidence about infant mortality in a number of industrial towns was derived from baptismal and burial registers of the Anglican Church. The level of infant mortality during the period 1813–1836, after correction for underregistration, was comparable to that of British towns during the second half of the century. Infant mortality increased during this period, perhaps as a reflection of rapid population growth. In each of the parishes a winter peak and a summer trough was found in the seasonal index of infant deaths during this period. This pattern is very different from the high summer mortality that prevailed in British towns during the late nineteenth century. However, mortality in the summer increased over time, thus reducing the depth of the summer trough in infant deaths, and perhaps represents a movement towards the summer peak so apparent later in the century.
Definition and Documentation

Definition of terms and the selection criteria for operationalizing the standard of disability are critical to accessing accommodations. The purpose of this article was to examine the research surrounding definitions and selection criteria for learning disabilities and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder at the postsecondary level. Implications from and for the courts follow a critical analysis of the professional literature. The need for researchers to utilize theory-based models to investigate the multivariate relationships between and within constructs underlying current definitions and eligibility criteria is also discussed.
A Rapid Change in Magnetic Connectivity Observed Before Filament Eruption and Its Associated Flare

To gain insight to the cause of filament eruptions and flares on the Sun, we observed a filament that erupted in active region NOAA 8597. The observations consisted of Hα filtergrams at three wavelengths (line center and ±0.5 Å) and line-of-sight magnetograms. All were taken on 1999 June 24 at Big Bear Solar Observatory. We found from the time sequence of Hα images that the filament eruption was preceded by a rapid change in connectivity in a bundle of filament threads. The thread bundle was initially sharply curved near its one end of the filament and suddenly flipped and then became straight in the new orientation. The flipped segment of the thread bundle swept over a 100′′ × 50′′ area on the solar surface in about half an hour. At the latter stage of the connectivity change, we observed a downward draining of material along the thread bundle that had a transverse component of 50 km s-1. After that, the filament body split into two parallel parts, one part erupted while the other part remained, and the two-ribbon flare occurred. We also found canceling magnetic features in the vicinity of the initial location of the thread end, which displayed a flux decrease during the Hα connectivity change. Our results show clear and direct evidence that magnetic reconnection takes place in the low atmosphere prior to eruption. This preeruption reconnection seems to be very different from a posteruption coronal reconnection, which is believed to lead to a two-ribbon flare.
Molecular Identification of Zygomycetes from Culture and Experimentally Infected Tissues

ABSTRACT Mucormycosis is an emerging infection associated with a high mortality rate. Identification of the causative agents remains difficult and time-consuming by standard mycological procedures. In this study, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing was validated as a reliable technique for identification of Zygomycetes to the species level. Furthermore, species identification directly from infected tissues was evaluated in experimentally infected mice. Fifty-four Zygomycetes strains belonging to 16 species, including the most common pathogenic species of Rhizopus spp. , Absidia spp. , Mucor spp. , and Rhizomucor spp. , were used to assess intra- and interspecies variability. Ribosomal DNA including the complete ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region was amplified with fungal universal primers, sequenced, and compared. Overall, for a given species, sequence similarities between isolates were >98%. In contrast, ITS sequences were very different between species, allowing an accurate identification of Zygomycetes to the species level in most cases. Six species (Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizomucor pusillus, Mucor circinelloides, and Mucor indicus) were also used to induce disseminated mucormycosis in mice and to demonstrate that DNA extraction, amplification of fungal DNA, sequencing, and molecular identification were possible directly from frozen tissues.
DCT and SVD Based New Watermarking Scheme

This paper presents a new human visual system (HVS) based adaptive digital watermarking scheme using discrete cosine transformation (DCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) for copyright protection. For watermark embedding mask of the original image is computed using HVS model and original image is transformed into frequency domain using DCT. We embed watermark by modifying the singular values of DCT coefficient of the original image, by singular values of mask coefficient of original image and singular values of watermark logo. A reliable watermark extraction scheme is developed for the extraction of watermark from the distorted images. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed scheme is able to withstand a variety of attacks.
Edge Effects in the Directionally Biased Distribution of Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Apple Orchards

ABSTRACT Edge effect tests have been used in a number of studies on obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), to test for evidence of mated female immigration into pheromonetreated orchards. This type of test compares obliquebanded leafroller presence or activity around the perimeter of an orchard against presence or activity in the interior. Higher numbers detected around the edges of an orchard would indicate higher levels of flight activity at the edge, a pattern that could be generated by high levels of immigration. Recent work has shown that the spatial distribution of recaptured obliquebanded leafroller adults released from a single location can be directionally biased, which could obscure the ability to detect an edge effect. To test this theory, data from an orchard study conducted in 1991 that found no significant edge effect was reanalyzed. When we accounted for the directional bias in the distribution of first-generation mated female moths, we found an edge effect with significantly more mated females captured in the edge traps than in the center or mid-interior traps. No edge effect was found when the directional bias was ignored. In addition, second-generation males and mated females both showed a significant edge effect that had not been detected in the original analysis, which had combined both first- and second-generation data.