Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full title: Psychological processes underlying the association between childhood trauma and psychosis in daily life: an experience sampling study

Background: Evidence has accumulated that implicates childhood trauma in the aetiology of psychosis, but our understanding of the putative psychological processes and mechanisms through which childhood trauma impacts on individuals and contributes to the development of psychosis remains limited. We aimed to investigate whether stress sensitivity and threat anticipation underlie the association between childhood abuse and psychosis. Method: We used the Experience Sampling Method to measure stress, threat anticipation, negative affect, and psychotic experiences in 50 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 44 At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) participants, and 52 controls. Childhood abuse was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: Associations of minor socio-environmental stress in daily life with negative affect and psychotic experiences were modified by sexual abuse and group (all p fwe <0.05). While there was strong evidence that these associations were greater in FEP exposed to high levels of sexual abuse, and some evidence in ARMS exposed, controls exposed were more resilient and reported less intense negative emotional reactions to socio-environmental stress. A similar pattern was evident for threat anticipation. Conclusions: Elevated sensitivity and lack of resilience to socio-environmental stress and enhanced threat anticipation in daily life may be important psychological processes underlying the association between childhood sexual abuse and psychosis. association between threat anticipation and psychotic experiences was also greater in FEP individuals exposed to high vs. low levels of sexual abuse. Our findings further suggest that, controls exposed to high levels of sexual abuse were, by contrast, more resilient, with minor socio-environmental stressors being associated with less intense negative affect and enhanced threat anticipation with less intense psychotic experiences than in controls exposed to low levels of sexual abuse. ARMS individuals formed an intermediate group, with only some evidence of more intense psychotic experiences associated with experiences of outsider status and enhanced threat anticipation in those exposed. A less clear-cut pattern emerged from findings on putative psychological mechanisms underlying physical and emotional abuse. ARMS individuals, but not FEP individuals and controls, exposed to physical and emotional abuse reported more intense psychotic experiences in relation to enhanced threat anticipation.
Cognitive Computational Models of Pronoun Resolution

Pronoun resolution is the process in which an anaphoric pronoun is linked to its antecedent. In a normal situation, humans do not experience much cognitive effort due to this process. However, automatic systems perform far from human accuracy, despite the efforts made by the Natural Language Processing community. Experimental research in the field of psycholinguistics has shown that during pronoun resolution many linguistic factors are taken into account by speakers. An important question is thus how much influence each of these factors has and how the factors interact with each-other. A second question is how linguistic theories about pronoun resolution can incorporate all relevant factors. In this thesis, we propose a new approach to answer these questions: computational simulation of the cognitive load of pronoun resolution. The motivation for this approach is two-fold. On the one hand, implementing hypotheses about pronoun resolution in a computational system leads to a more precise formulation of theories. On the other hand, robust computational systems can be run on uncontrolled data such as eye movement corpora and thus provide an alternative to hand-constructed experimental material. In this thesis, we conducted various experiments. First, we simulated the cognitive load of pronouns by learning the magnitude of impact of various factors on corpus data. Second, we tested whether concepts from Information Theory were relevant to predict the cognitive load of pronoun resolution. Finally, we evaluated a theoretical model of pronoun resolution on a corpus enriched with eye movement data. Our research shows that multiple factors play a role in pronoun resolution and that their influence can be estimated on corpus data. We also demonstrate that the concepts of Information Theory play a role in pronoun resolution. We conclude that the evaluation of hypotheses on corpus data enriched with cognitive data ---- such as eye movement data --- play an important role in the development and evaluation of theories. We expect that corpus based methods will lead to a better modelling of the influence of discourse structure on pronoun resolution in future work.
COLLECTING SOCIETIES AND DIGITAL RIGHTS : IS THERE A CASE FOR A CENTRALISED DIGITAL

Copyright collecting societies have attracted economists’ attention for over 30 years and the attention of government regulators for even longer. They have typically been accepted by economists and by courts of law as necessary for reducing transaction costs and enabling copyright to work. The advent of digitization has led to renewed interest in the topic and to the view that though new technologies offer the possibility of improved rights management, collecting societies are not responding sufficiently to these opportunities. That view was evident in recent enquiries into the role of copyright in the digital age in the UK, which proposed the formation of a Digital Copyright Exchange (DCE) that would promote online digital trade. This paper evaluates the case for the DCE in the light of what economists know about collective rights
Effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus and standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in four sources of canola meal and in soybean meal fed to growing pigs

One hundred twenty pigs were used to determine effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P and Ca and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in 4 sources of canola meal and in 1 source of soybean meal (SBM) fed to growing pigs. The 4 sources of canola meal were produced from 1 source of high-protein canola seeds and 2 sources of conventional canola seeds with 1 of the conventional canola seeds being divided into 2 separate batches before crushing. Pigs (16.2 ± 5.3 kg initial BW) were individually housed in metabolism crates and were randomly allotted to 1 of 20 diets in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments with 5 ingredients and 4 levels of phytase. There were 6 replicate pigs per diet. Five basal diets based on high-protein canola meal (CM-HP), high-temperature processed canola meal (CM-HT), low-temperature processed canola meal (CM-LT), conventional canola meal (CM-CV), or SBM were formulated. The basal diets contained no phytase. Fifteen additional diets were prepared by adding approximately 500, 1,500, or 2,500 phytase units/kg to each of the 5 basal diets. Feces were quantitatively collected for 5 d based on the marker-tomarker approach after a 7-d adaptation period. Results indicated that supplementation of microbial phytase increased (linear, P < 0.05) the ATTD of Ca in diets containing CM-HP, CM-HT, CM-CV, and SBM but not in diets containing CM-LT. Microbial phytase also increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) the ATTD and STTD of P in all 5 ingredients. Compared with the CM-CV diets, the CM-HP diets had greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of Ca. The ATTD of Ca in the SBM diet was greater (P < 0.05) than in all canola meal diets, but no differences were observed in ATTD of Ca between CM-HT and CM-LT diets. The ATTD and the STTD of P were less (P < 0.05) in CM-HP, CM-HT, CM-LT, or CM-CV than in SBM if no microbial phytase was added, but no differences were observed in the ATTD and STTD of P in SBM, CM-HP, CM-HT, or CM-CV if the highest amount of phytase were added (interaction, P < 0.05). Regression equations were developed to calculate the response to microbial phytase on the STTD of P in CM-HP, CM-HT, CM-LT, CM-CV, and SBM. In conclusion, inclusion of graded levels of microbial phytase increased the ATTD and STTD of P in CM-HP, CM-HT, CM-LT, CM-CV, and SBM and the response to microbial phytase added to each ingredient can be predicted by regression equations.
Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Estimation of the Bi-directional Association of Depression and Disease Burden: A Dissertation

Depression is a common comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet it may not be adequately recognized during routine clinical care. RA symptoms may confer a risk for depression, and vice versa; depression may affect RA disease activity and response to treatment. The study aims were to compare patientand physician-reported depression measures, evaluate the temporal bi-directional association between RA disease activity and depressive symptomology, and assess depression as a moderator of RA treatment. Patients were identified using a national RA registry sample (Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America; CORRONA). Depression prevalence and incidence rates were estimated, and concordance and disagreement using measures reported separately by patients and physicians, as well as baseline cross-sectional associations between RA disease and a history of depression. A survival analysis was conducted to temporally predict the incident onset of self-reported depressive symptoms using the different metrics of RA disease activity. Also, mixed effects models were used to assess prospective changes in RA disease activity by prevalent and incident depressive symptom status. Lastly, logistic regression models compared the likelihood of clinical response to RA treatment during follow-up in those with and without depression when starting biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. Patient-reported depression rates were much higher and significantly different from physician based comorbidity estimates. Patient and physician RA disease activity measures were associated with an increased risk for depression onset, but not laboratoryreported serum biomarkers. Similarly, depression was temporally associated with
Performance Enhancement of Fuzzy Logic Duty Ratio Controller Based Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor

This paper presents reduction of torque ripples in an Induction Motor with DTC by duty cycle controller. The numbers of vectors are increased beyond the available eight discrete voltage vectors are used in this paper without increasing the number of semiconductor switches in the inverter. To achieve swift response, less overshoot and precision speed control to provide to enclose torque speed characteristics, look-up table based online tuning PI controller is projected for outer speed control loop. This paper shows a new algorithm for optimized value of stator flux based on the maxim reference value of electromagnetic torque to operate in conjunction with duty ratio control. MATLAB-Simulink is used to observe the performance of proposed technique. The simulation results shows the improved results of the proposed technique compared over the existing methods.
Moving the Network to the Cloud: The Cloud Central Office Revolution and Its Implications for the Optical Layer

Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) have recently changed the way we operate networks. By decoupling control and data plane operations and virtualizing their components, they have opened up new frontiers toward reducing network ownership costs and improving usability and efficiency. Recently, their applicability has moved toward public telecommunications networks, with concepts such as the Cloud Central Office (cloud-CO) that have pioneered its use in access and metro networks: an idea that has quickly attracted the interest of network operators. By merging mobile, residential and enterprise services into a common framework, built around commoditized data centre types of architectures, future embodiments of this CO virtualization concept could achieve significant capital and operational cost savings, while providing customised network experience to high-capacity and low-latency future applications. This tutorial provides an overview of the various frameworks and architectures outlining current network disaggregation trends that are leading to the virtualization/cloudification of central offices. It also provides insight on the virtualization of the access-metro network, showcasing new software functionalities like the virtual Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) mechanisms for Passive Optical Networks (PONs). In addition, we explore how it can bring together different network technologies to enable convergence of mobile and optical access networks and pave the way for the integration of disaggregated Reconfigurable Add Drop Multiplexer (ROADM) networks.
Fabrication of hybrid solar cells based on P3HT, zinc oxide and carbon nanotubes

An ever growing interest is now focused on the development of hybrid solar cells as potentially cheap, easy and efficient technology for solar energy conversion. Specifically, the application of inorganic nanoparticles for this purpose can boost cell efficiency due to the particle size-related effects. In the present work, hybrid solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and ZnO nanoparticles were investigated. Both unmodified and surfacemodified with pyrene-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) nanoparticles of ZnO were used Additionally, the effect of carbon nanotubes on the properties of P3HT/ZnO composites was tested. Both pristine and CVD-grown carbon nanotubes were applied. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by SEM, DLS, and UVVis, photoluminescence and IR spectroscopies. The morphology of the films of different composites prepared using P3HT, ZnO nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (active layer composites) was analyzed by SEM. Modification of ZnO nanoparticles with PCA lead to a slight improvement of their dispersion quality in P3HT which was further improved when carbon nanotubes were added to the P3HT / PCA-modified ZnO composite. The optical properties of the ensuing composite materials were studied by UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The hybrid solar cells with the structure Glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer composite/Al were prepared by successive spin-coating of the corresponding suspensions on ITO-coated glass substrates, followed by deposition of an aluminium layer by thermal evaporation. The current-voltage characteristics of the cells were measured under simulated standard illumination conditions. Although the addition of carbon nanotubes yielded a significant increase in current density, most of the cells did not show any photovoltaic effect. Finally, possible factors responsible for the low efficiency of the cells prepared are discussed and some suggestions for future work are proposed. v Fabrication of solar cells based on P3HT, zinc oxide and carbon nanotubes
The determinants of SME capital structure across the lifecycle

While differences in capital structure between large and small firms have been extensively researched, relatively less empirical evidence is available explaining cross country differences in the capital structure of SMEs over the life cycle. This is an important gap as many of the theoretical predictions on financing requirements and access can be linked to firm age. In this paper, we explore the determinants of SME capital structure across the age distribution of firms using firm-level panel data for 15 European countries. Our key findings demonstrate the existence of a non-linear relationship between age and capital structure that differs markedly across countries. We also find that firm level collateral and liquidity play a role in determining the age-debt relationship. Finally, we find that the age-debt relationship depends on the country level financial structure with more stock market financing reducing firm leverage disproportionately for young firms while foreign bank lending and bank concentration both increase firm leverage across the lifecycle.
Lum Policing : An Examination of Survey Data From Three Agencies The Receptivity of Officers to Empirical Research and Evidence-Based

Police officer receptivity to empirical research and evidence-based policing is important to consider because officers are responsible for implementing approaches validated by research on the street. Officer survey data from Sacramento, California; Richmond, Virginia; and Roanoke County, Virginia suggest prospects and challenges for advancing evidence-based policing. Generally, officers use few tools to learn about research, but their views are in line with the evidence for some strategies. Officers typically value experience more than research to guide practice, but they also tend to recognize the importance of working with researchers to address crime. Officers show some willingness to conduct evaluations but are most interested in using less rigorous methodologies. The findings across agencies are fairly similar, although some differences do emerge.
Labour-Active Management and Induction

Active management of labour has been modified significantly over time but the core principles remain: Early diagnosis following strict criteria, by a senior midwife. Vaginal examination hourly for three hours, then every two hours, at least. This allows the rate of progress to be plotted on a partogram. Amniotomy one hour after admission [2] . Augmentation with Syntocinon® if not dilating at rate of 1 cm/hour [3, 4, 5] . Women not in labour should be sent home. Personal, psychological support for the woman [6] . Liberal use of epidural anaesthesia. Regular rounds by the obstetrician. Early cord clamping and controlled cord traction with uterotonic [7] . Antenatal education classes. Regular audit of labour ward process and outcomes.
Infant and young child feeding practices among children aged 0-23 months in Tanzania

accepted for conference presentation Victor R, Baines SK, Agho KE, Dibley MJ. Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Tanzania from 1999-2010. International Conference for Nutrition and Nurture in Infancy and Childhood, June 2013, Cumbria, England, UK (Accepted for Oral presentation)
Approximating river bed level at river bifurcations if data is scarce

Zervakis (2015) has developed a physics based model that approximates bed level in single river branches, based on parameters like: river slope, discharge, river curvature and river width. This physics based model is developed to support the interpolation of measured data. Fusing results from interpolation and the physics based model reduces the necessary amount of measured data to get bed level approximation with certain accuracy. This thesis study has focussed on extending the rapid assessment tool in such a way that the bed level at river bifurcations can be approximated. Two main goals set: Firstly, describe a bifurcation quantitatively and assessing which parameters are affecting the bed level around a bifurcation. Secondly, assess the performance of interpolation methods that describe the bed level around a bifurcation. The main research question of this thesis is: What is a method to approximate the bed level of an alluvial river bifurcation if data are scarce and how well does this method perform?
Accommodating Discharging Power With Consideration of Both EVs and ESs as Commodity Based on a Two-Level Genetic Algorithm

The emerging and booming of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storages (ESs) endow power systems extra flexibility thanks to their ES capability. The charging and discharging activities of these facilities can be dispersed to perform demand response and benefit power grid operations. However, synchronous discharging from massive EVs and ESs may impose a huge power supply impact to potentially reshape the existing power markets. Unfortunately, this impact is always ignored by traditional research. To address the above-mentioned issues, discharging power from EVs and ESs is regarded as a kind of commodity in this paper. On such a basis, a pricing policy, where prices for discharging power poured into the power market and the user-side loads are regulated, is applied. The regulation strategy simultaneously incorporates the considerations of the system load condition, maximum power limit, aggregated discharging power from both the EVs and the ESs, as well as the user-side load in a fair manner. Besides, the battery degradation of EVs and EVs has also been considered. Furthermore, the price regulation obeys a hierarchical optimization procedure in which the operator acts as the leader to maximize its revenue, while the end appliances act as followers individually balancing their cost bill and comfort level. Also, the pricing policy is tested on a two-stage hierarchical market with a Genetic Algorithm-based hybrid algorithm. The outcome demonstrates that a prominent performance can be achieved in load shaping and economic benefit via the policy.
Deep Ordinal Regression for Pledge Specificity Prediction

Many pledges are made in the course of an election campaign, forming important corpora for political analysis of campaign strategy and governmental accountability. At present, there are no publicly available annotated datasets of pledges, and most political analyses rely on manual annotations. In this paper we collate a novel dataset of manifestos from eleven Australian federal election cycles, with over 12,000 sentences annotated with specificity (e.g., rhetorical vs detailed pledge) on a fine-grained scale. We propose deep ordinal regression approaches for specificity prediction, under both supervised and semi-supervised settings, and provide empirical results demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed techniques over several baseline approaches. We analyze the utility of pledge specificity modeling across a spectrum of policy issues in performing ideology prediction, and further provide qualitative analysis in terms of capturing party-specific issue salience across election cycles.
Social Media Use and Students’ Health-Lifestyle Modification in University of Calabar, Nigeria

The use of social media platforms has over the years become a veritable tool for individuals, groups, institutions and corporate bodies for the promotion of health and wellness. In recent times, social media has become one of the most potent agents of the media through which health issues are addressed as well as generated and disseminated to different populations in society. The study was conducted to examine social media use and students’ health lifestyle modification in the University of Calabar, Nigeria. It sought to determine the extent to which students’ use of social media (Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp) influences the modification of their health-related lifestyles such as eating habits, sexual behaviour, cigarette and alcohol consumption, drug use and the engagement in fitness activities. The study adopted a randomized descriptive survey design and used a sample of 300 undergraduate students. The questionnaire was the main instrument used for collection of data while simple percentages and means were used to determine the difference between the expected mean of 2.50 and the observed means across various items in the questionnaire. The results showed that apart from Twitter, social media use by University of Calabar students has significantly influenced the modification of their health lifestyles. Since social media has become a veritable tool for the promotion of positive health lifestyle, effort should be made by government through the health sector to create more awareness among students and the entire population of social media users, on the health benefits accruing from use of social media.