Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extramedullary Involvement of Lymph Nodes in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Myeloma multiplex is a malignant disease of bone marrow plasma cells. It is usually confined to the bone marrow, but in rare cases, patients can develop extramedullary disease. The involvement of lymph nodes is rare and can be a diagnostic challenge. Here, we describe a 36-year-old male patient who presented with abdominal pain and discomfort initially. An abdominal ultrasound followed by computed tomography (CT) revealed retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph node enlargement. Biopsies of the abdominal lymph node and infiltrated colon showed a plasma cell infiltrate positive for CD79α, CD38, CD138, kappa light chain and VEGF2. Multiple myeloma with extramedullary localization was diagnosed. After six cycles of chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin, dexamethasone and thalidomide followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation, the patient achieved complete remission. Specifically, a CT scan after therapy showed enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen, but PET CT scans did not detect any metabolically active foci. Thee years after the completion of therapy, the patient remains in remission. This case illustrates a rare presentation of extramedullary myeloma involving the abdominal lymph nodes, which could have been potentially mistaken for a lymphoid malignancy.
The Importance of Product Reformulation versus Consumer Choice in Improving Diet Quality

Improving diet quality has been a major target of public health policy. Governments have encouraged consumers to make healthier food choices and fi rms to reformulate food products. Evaluation of such policies has focused on the impact on consumer behaviour; firm behaviour has been less well studied. We study the recent decline in dietary salt intake in the UK, and show that it was entirely attributable to product reformulation by fi rms; a contemporaneous information campaign had little impact, consumer switching between products in fact worked in the opposite direction and led to a slight increase in the salt intensity of groceries purchased. These findings point to the important role that fi rms can play in achieving public policy goals.
A meta-analysis and statistical modelling of nitrates in groundwater at the African scale

Abstract. Contamination of groundwater with nitrate poses a major health risk to millions of people around Africa. Assessing the space–time distribution of this contamination, as well as understanding the factors that explain this contamination, is important for managing sustainable drinking water at the regional scale. This study aims to assess the variables that contribute to nitrate pollution in groundwater at the African scale by statistical modelling. We compiled a literature database of nitrate concentration in groundwater (around 250 studies) and combined it with digital maps of physical attributes such as soil, geology, climate, hydrogeology, and anthropogenic data for statistical model development. The maximum, medium, and minimum observed nitrate concentrations were analysed. In total, 13 explanatory variables were screened to explain observed nitrate pollution in groundwater. For the mean nitrate concentration, four variables are retained in the statistical explanatory model: (1) depth to groundwater (shallow groundwater, typically
Serum Mast Cell Tryptase, Eosinophil Cationic Protein, Endothelin-1 and Cytokine Levels in Preeclampsia and Healthy Pregnancy (Preeklampsi ve Sağlikli Gebelikte Serum Mast Hücre Triptaz, Eozinofilik Katyonik Protein, Endotelin-1 ve Sitokin Seviyeleri ) Research Article (Araştirma Makalesi)

Aim: Preeclampsia is characterized by both local and systemic changes in cytokine balance and endothelial dysfunction. It was aimed to investigate the possible role of cytokines, endothelin and mast cell in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia in this study. Material and Methods: Twenty five pregnant women with preeclampsia (group 1), 25 healthy pregnant women (group 2) and 25 healthy non-pregnant women as a control (group 3) were included in the study. The soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha and eosinophil cationic protein were measured by using a non-radioimmunoassay chemiluminescent method, endothelin-1 and myeloperoxidase by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent method and mast cell tryptase by using fluorescent enzyme immunoassay method. Results: The myeloperoxidase activity was significantly higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (p<0.05). Mast cell tryptase level was significantly lower in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (p<0.05). Soluble interleukin-2 receptor level was significantly higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (p<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor alpha level was significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (p<0.05). Endothelin-1, interleukin-10 and eosinophil cationic protein levels did not change significantly among the groups. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated that mast cell was restrained in both preeclampsia and healthy pregnancy. The inflammatory changes might also contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Wheat straw conversion by enzymatic system of Ganoderma lucidum

The purpose of this study was to resolve the question of whether various nitrogen sources and concentrations affect characteristics of selected G. lucidum ligninolytic enzymes participating in wheat straw fermentation. This is the first study reporting the presence of versatile peroxidase activity in crude extract of G. lucidum culture, as well as isoforms profile of Mn-oxidizing peroxidases. NH4NO3 was the optimum nitrogen source for laccase and Mn-dependent peroxidase activity, while peptone was the optimum one for versatile peroxidase activity. with laccase activity were obtained by native PAGE and IEF separations from medium enriched with inorganic nitrogen source, and only two bands from medium containing organic source. Medium composition was not shown to affect isoenzyme patterns of Mn-oxidizing peroxidases. Four isoforms of Mn-dependent peroxidase and three of versatile peroxidase were obtained on native PAGE. By IEF separation, five isoforms of Mn-dependent peroxidase and only two of versatile peroxidase were observed. The results demonstrated that G. lucidum has potential for mineralization and transformation of various agricultural residues and should take more significant participation in large-scale biotechnological processes.
Enhanced Brainstem and Cortical Evoked Response Amplitudes: Single-Trial Covariance Analysis

The purpose of the present study was to develop analytic procedures that improve the definition of sensory evoked response components. Such procedures could benefit all recordings but would especially benefit difficult recordings where many trials are contaminated by muscle and movement artifacts. First, cross-correlation and latency adjustment analyses were applied to the human brainstem frequency-following response and cortical auditory evoked response recorded on the same trials. Lagged cross-correlation functions were computed, for each of 17 subjects, between single-trial data and templates consisting of the sinusoid stimulus waveform for the brainstem response and the subject's own smoothed averaged evoked response P2 component for the cortical response. Trials were considered in the analysis only if the maximum correlation-squared (r2) exceeded . 5 (negatively correlated trials were thus included). Identical correlation coefficients may be based on signals with quite different amplitudes, but it is possible to assess amplitude by the nonnormalized covariance function. Next, an algorithm is applied in which each trial with negative covariance is matched to a trial with similar, but positive, covariance and these matched-trial pairs are deleted. When an evoked response signal is present in the data, the majority of trials positively correlate with the template. Thus, a residual of positively correlated trials remains after matched covariance trials are deleted. When these residual trials are averaged, the resulting brainstem and cortical responses show greatly enhanced amplitudes. This result supports the utility of this analysis technique in clarifying and assessing evoked response signals.
Foraging ground fidelity and route-choice tactics of a marine predator: the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella

This study examins the intra- and inter-individual changes in the foraging route-choice behaviour of 45 female Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella breeding at the Cap Noir colony in the Kerguelen Archipelago, southern Indian Ocean. Satellite transmitters were used to track seals during one or more consecutive foraging trips in 3 consecutive austral summers (1998 to 2000). In all years of study the seals showed a 'colony-preferred direction', concentrating their trips at sea in a 140° arc east of Kerguelen, indicating a preferred area for foraging. Within this area, lactating females travelled in 1 of 2 main directions: north east toward the edge of the Kerguelen plateau; and less commonly, east/south east. Each direction led seals to sub-areas characterised by different bathymetric features where animals appeared to use different tactics to search for food patches. Moreover, a fidelity index incorporating the mean direction of successive trips and the colony pre- ferred direction indicated the existence of an individual directional fidelity. The organisation of foraging trips suggests 2 levels of learning by seals: a colony memory of the main foraging zone and an individual memory of profitable patches that are exploited by the same individual during succes- sive trips.
Monetary Policy, Heterogeneity and the Housing Channel

We investigate the role of housing and mortgage debt in the transmission of monetary policy to household consumption and the aggregate economy. In order to do so, we develop a heterogenous agents model with a frictional housing market, nominal long-term borrowing, default, and price rigidities. The model is able to capture rich heterogeneity in home ownership and leverage. Endogenous cyclical movements in house prices as well as counter-cyclical dynamics in the liquidity of housing allows us to explore the various indirect mechanisms through which monetary policy affects consumption. Nominal long-term mortgage debt implies that changes in monetary policy will result in redistribution between lenders and borrowers. Further, a contractionary monetary policy shock raises the cost of borrowing which reduces liquidity in the housing market, depresses house prices and feeds back into increasing the cost of borrowing. We find that this amplification channel disproportionally affects households with high leverage and high marginal propensities to consume. Finally, we investigate how booms and busts in the housing market asymmetrically affect the efficacy of monetary policy.
Laser-Driven Table-Top X-Ray FEL

Synchrotron radiation sources nowadays benefit a wide range of fundamental sciences from physics and chemistry to material science and life sciences as a result of a dramatic increase in the brilliance of photons emitted by relativistic electrons when bent in the magnetic field of synchrotron accelerators. A trend will tend toward the X-ray free electron laser (FEL) that will produce high-intensity ultrashort coherent X-ray radiations with unprecedented brilliance as kilometer-scale linear accelerator-based FELs are being commissioned to explore new research area that is inaccessible to date, for instance femtosecond dynamic process of chemical reactions, materials and biomolecules at the atomic level (Gerstner, 2011). Such large-scale tool could be built on a table top if highquality electrons with small energy spread and divergence are accelerated up to the GeV range in a centimetre-scale length (Gruner et al., 2007; Nakajima et al., 1996; Nakajima, 2008, 2011). It is prospectively conceived that a compact source producing high-energy highquality electron beams from laser plasma accelerators (LPAs) will provide an essential tool for many applications, such as THz and X-ray synchrotron radiation sources and a unique medical therapy as well as inherent high-energy accelerators for fundamental sciences (Malka et al., 2008).
Automated Text Clustering of Newspaper and Scientific Texts in Brazilian Portuguese: Analysis and Comparison of Methods

This article reports the findings of an empirical study about Automated Text Clustering applied to scientific articles and newspaper texts in Brazilian Portuguese, the objective was to find the most effective computational method able to cluster the input of texts in their original groups. The study covered four experiments, each experiment had four procedures: 1. Corpus Selections (a set of texts is selected for clustering), 2. Word Class Selections (Nouns, Verbs and Adjectives are chosen from each text by using specific algorithms), 3. Filtering Algorithms (a set of terms is selected from the results of the preview stage, a semantic weight is also inserted for each term and an index is generated for each text), 4. Clustering Algorithms (the clustering algorithms Simple K-Means, sIB and EM are applied to the indexes). After those procedures, clustering correctness and clustering time statistical results were collected. The sIB clustering algorithm is the best choice for both scientific and newspaper corpus, under the condition that the sIB clustering algorithm asks for the number of clusters as input before running (for the newspaper corpus, 68.9% correctness in 1 minute and for the scientific corpus, 77.8% correctness in 1 minute). The EM clustering algorithm additionally guesses the number of clusters without user intervention, but its best case is less than 53% correctness. Considering the experiments carried out, the results of human text classification and automated clustering are distant; it was also observed that the clustering correctness results vary according to the number of input texts and their topics.
Towards Concise Models of Grid Stability

Decentral Smart Grid Control (DSGC) is a new system implementing demand response without significant changes of the infrastructure. It does so by binding the electricity price to the grid frequency. While models of DSGC exist, they rely on various simplifying assumptions. For example, researchers have assumed that the behavior of all participants in the grid is identical. In this paper we study how data-mining techniques can help to remove some of these simplifications, while keeping the representation of the insights concise. We systematically collect the various assumptions and identify questions regarding the system that are still open. Next, we run many simulations, with diverse input values. Finally, we apply decision trees to the resulting data and show that this indeed provides new insights. For example, we discover that the system can be stable even if some participants adapt their energy consumption with a high delay, or that fast adaptation is preferable for system stability.
Sulfur degassing at Erta Ale (Ethiopia) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes: Implications for degassing processes and oxygen fugacities of basaltic systems

We investigate the relationship between sulfur and oxygen fugacity at Erta Ale and Masaya volcanoes. Oxygen fugacity was assessed utilizing Fe3+/∑Fe and major element compositions measured in olivine‐hosted melt inclusions and matrix glasses. Erta Ale melts have Fe3+/∑Fe of 0.15–0.16, reflecting fO2 of ΔQFM 0.0 ± 0.3, which is indistinguishable from fO2 calculated from CO2/CO ratios in high‐temperature gases. Masaya is more oxidized at ΔQFM +1.7 ± 0.4, typical of arc settings. Sulfur isotope compositions of gases and scoria at Erta Ale (δ34Sgas − 0.5‰; δ34Sscoria + 0.9‰) and Masaya (δ34Sgas + 4.8‰; δ34Sscoria + 7.4‰) reflect distinct sulfur sources, as well as isotopic fractionation during degassing (equilibrium and kinetic fractionation effects). Sulfur speciation in melts plays an important role in isotope fractionation during degassing and S6+/∑S is <0.07 in Erta Ale melt inclusions compared to >0.67 in Masaya melt inclusions. No change is observed in Fe3+/∑Fe or S6+/∑S with extent of S degassing at Erta Ale, indicating negligible effect on fO2, and further suggesting that H2S is the dominant gas species exsolved from the S2−‐rich melt (i.e., no redistribution of electrons). High SO2/H2S observed in Erta Ale gas emissions is due to gas re‐equilibration at low pressure and fixed fO2. Sulfur budget considerations indicate that the majority of S injected into the systems is emitted as gas, which is therefore representative of the magmatic S isotope composition. The composition of the Masaya gas plume (+4.8‰) cannot be explained by fractionation effects but rather reflects recycling of high δ34S oxidized sulfur through the subduction zone.
Geographic Clustering: Does Local M&A Activity Affect a Firm's Acquisitiveness?

We explore geographic clustering across economic areas and local influences in M&A activity. Our analyses show there is local concentration in M&A deal activity across industries and time throughout the sample period of 35 years. We uncover a strong positive association between aggregate levels of local deal activity and local valuation measures and find that firm-level acquisitiveness is associated with local valuation levels and local deal activity outside their own industry. Our results are driven primarily by stock acquisitions and hold for both related and unrelated deals as well as for deals within and across geographic areas. Our results suggest that local (over) valuation waves best explain geographic clustering in M&A. We find no support that industry shocks or endogenous social interactions among local firms explain geographic clustering in M&A.
Impact of Negative News on Ethical Fashion: Case Study to Investigate the Effect of Fashion CSR Ad Framing on Purchase Intention

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the fashion corporate social responsibility (CSR) ad framing and consumer purchase behaviours with the focus on consumer’s concern and involvement towards fashion brands. A self-completion questionnaire was administered to 200 respondents. Factor analysis and other statistical analyses were applied to test hypotheses. The results suggested that the quality of the product was the most important factor when consumers purchase fashion brand products with high level of responsibility towards unethical practices but surprisingly favourability for fast fashion. Unexpectedly, it was shown that consumers took the plenty of blame, but not much responsibility on buying fast fashion evading their responsibility to CSR ad, and their purchase intentions remained unchanged. The result, on the other hand, showed that fashion CSR ads can significantly moderate individuals’ emotions even though this had no significant correlation with the purchase intentions. Despite the limited sample size and geographical region, this research has important implications for contemporary fashion brands that use ad framing to understand how consumers’ involvement and concernedness toward the CSR actions in ad, influence their favourability (purchase intention) for fashion brands. Keywords—Framing effect, CSR advertisements, consumer behaviour, purchase intention.
AFRL-PR-WP-TP-2007-208 AIRCRAFT THERMAL MANAGEMENT USING LOOP HEAT PIPES : EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION OF HIGH ACCELERATION ENVIRONMENTS USING THE CENTRIFUGE TABLE TEST BED ( POSTPRINT )

The objective of this paper is to describe the design of an experiment that will examine the effects of elevated acceleration environments on a high-temperature, titanium-water loop heat pipe for actuator cooling. An experimental test setup has been designed for mounting a loop heat pipe on an 8-ft-diameter centrifuge table, which is capable of radial accelerations of up to 12-g’s. A high-temperature PAO loop will interface the condenser of the loop heat pipe to simulate the rejection of the transported heat to an elevated temperature. In addition to LHP experimentation, a mathematical model has been developed for aerodynamic heating of highspeed aircraft. A flat plate at zero-incidence, used to model an aircraft wing, was subjected to suband supersonic flow to examine whether heat will be rejected or absorbed. The results of this analysis will be used to determine the condenser conditions of the loop heat pipe during centrifuge testing.
Study the Incidence of Surgical Glove Perforation during Surgery and Evaluation for the Risk of Perforation and Risk of Surgical Site Infection

In a surgical setting there is always a possibility of cross infection between patient and surgeon and surgical gloves act as an important barrier to prevent this infection. Use of double gloves provides more effective barrier for transfer of pathogens from surgical team to patient and vice versa. This study compares the benefit of using double gloves versus single gloves in various departments and its role in preventing Surgical Site Infection (SSI). This study was conducted at Army Hospital (R&R) where surgical gloves used by the operating surgeon were checked for any perforation in outer and inner gloves. In case of perforation was detected, culture of both gloves and surgical part were taken and examined for any cross infection. This study reveals that simultaneous perforation rate of both outer and inner gloves was very less and hence chances of cross infection between patient and surgeon was less when compared to single glove use. Also, the rate of perforation was less in laparoscopic surgery compared to open surgery however this is controversial as various studies which shows more perforation in laparoscopic surgery. The departments where surgeries were complex and were of longer duration had more perforation rate of gloves and consequently SSI. This study concludes that the use of double surgical gloves has got low chances of cross infection between patient and surgeon and hence low rate of Surgical Site Infection and hence should be encouraged.
Knowledge and Attitudes of HIV Infected Patients on the Adverse Effectsof Antiretroviral Medicines in Ghana

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, Adverse Effects (AEs) to ART pose major problems and threaten adherence to therapy. We evaluated the knowledge and attitudes of patients to ART following routine adherence counselling and education in the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana. This cross-sectional study was conducted by administering a questionnaire on socio-demographics, knowledge of AEs of antiretrovirals and attitude to AEs to 98 patients who were on antiretroviral therapy. A 3-point Likert-scale was used to assess knowledge of AEs of ART and a 5 point Likert-scale to assess attitudes to AEs. Mean rated scores for attitude to AEs were estimated and factor analysis was used to reduce the dimensions of the attitudes observed to identify relevant latent constructs. Sixty one percent of participants were females and most of the participants were aged 35-44 years (35%). Ninety nine percent of participants answered that they had been counselled on unpleasant effects of their medicines and 93% knew that all medicines could cause some unpleasant effects. Concerning attitude, 90% of study participants strongly agreed that they benefit from their medicines and get better taking them (mean rated score=4.87 ± 0.49) whilst 27% strongly agreed that medicines may have side effects (mean rated score=3.12 ± 1.55). Majority of the study participants (74%) strongly disagreed that there was no need to tell their doctor/pharmacist about AEs to antiretrovirals (mean rated score=4.60 ± 0.83). Factor analysis yielded two underlying dimensions (cognitive and behavioural/affective aspects) that described participants’ attitude towards AEs. Study participants rating for participants’ knowledge on AEs was good and exhibited positive attitudes to AEs of ART. Adherence counselling and education provided to PLWHA before initiation of antiretroviral therapy is beneficial and should be continued.