Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive Processing among Parts, Configuration, and Orientation of Complex Objects

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the representation of parts and the configuration and orientation of complex objects were separate or interdependent. Participants were asked to match parts and configuration of novel 3-D objects with constant or varied features in irrelevant dimensions. The results of both Exp. 1 (sequential matching) and Exp. 2 (simultaneous matching) showed that both sensitivity and response time (RT) of part matching were influenced by whether the irrelevant configuration remained constant or varied. Both sensitivity and RT for configuration matching were affected by the variation of irrelevant parts in Exp. 2, but only sensitivity was affected in Exp. 1. These results demonstrated an interdependent pattern of representations of parts and relations but different interactive patterns in memory and perception. The results of Exp. 3 showed orientation dependency in a configuration-matching task but orientation invariance in a part-matching task. Consistent with a study done in 2000 by Edelman and Intrator, these results suggest an interactive processing between configuration and orientation but an independent processing between the parts and orientation.
Absence of Blood and Lymphatic Vessels in the Developing Human Cornea

Purpose: The normal human cornea is devoid of both blood and lymphatic vessels and actively maintains this avascularity (corneal angiogenic privilege). Whether and when corneal angiogenic privilege is achieved during development is unknown. Methods: This study analyzed whether the cornea is primarily devoid of both blood and lymphatic vessels during intrauterine development or whether secondary regression of pre-existing vessels occurs before delivery. Indirect double immunohistochemistry was performed on 4-μm serial pupil-optic disc sections of paraffin-embedded human eyes stillborn at gestational ages of 17 to 41 weeks with antibodies against von Willebrand factor (vWF; factor VIII-associated antigen) as a panendothelial marker and with antibodies against lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronate receptor 1 (LYVE1) as a marker specific for lymphatic vascular endothelium. Results: Human corneas were devoid of both vWF+++/LYVE-1− blood vessels and vWF+/LYVE-1+++ lymphatic vessels at all time-points analyzed. In contrast, there were numerous blood and lymphatic vessels detectable in the adjacent conjunctiva. Conclusion: The normal human cornea is primarily avascular and devoid of both blood and lymphatic vessels. Corneal angiogenic privilege is already achieved very early during fetal intrauterine development. This suggests early and strong expression of both antiangiogenic and antilymphangiogenic factors in the human cornea during development.
An improved routing protocol based on OVSF code transmission in wireless sensor networks

LEACH protocol is a low energy consumption adaptive clustering routing protocol which is firstly proposed by MIT scholars. Considering the disadvantages of the TDMA mechanism that used in LEACH, such as long time delay and high energy consumption, an improved routing protocol based on OVSF code transmission is proposed. Facilitated by its orthogonality and incoherence, the transmission can be realized based on the demands of the node, but not the time slot, during which it has to transmit data to the cluster heads. The simulation results show that the improved routing protocol greatly reduces delay and energy consumption.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Primary Care

The accurate assessment and appropriate management of blood pressure (BP) is critical for primary care physicians. Traditional office-based BP measurement has limitations that can be addressed, in part, through the use of ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Because BP readings are provided at specific time intervals throughout a 24-hour period, ABPM represents a better picture of the normal fluctuations in BP levels associated with daily activities, including sleep. Blood pressure values obtained by 24-hour ABPM are a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than office-based BP measurements, and the technique can be used to discern white-coat hypertension and to evaluate masked, resistant, and pseudoresistant hypertension. It can also be helpful in the assessment of autonomic dysfunction and monitoring of a patient's response to antihypertensive therapy. Ambulatory BP monitoring is also being increasingly used in clinical trials that assess the antihypertensive effects of medications.
Design and comparison of wind power permanent magnet generator with doubly salient structure and full pitched windings

The doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) machine with full-pitched windings has the advantages such as high power density and high reliability, which has the potential in the applications of wind power generation. There are different ways to improve the full pitched DSPM machine for high performance. Then three topologies of the full pitched DSPM generator are proposed in this paper. The structure of each topology is discussed and the characteristics are analyzed by FEA. It is shown that the full pitched DSPM generator with rare-earth permanent magnet (PM) may be the best topology which own highest efficiency and medium cost. The generator topology with ferrite PM has the potential to the low cost applications.
Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation--at what price?

In 2000, Bonhoeffer et al. described transvenous placement of a pulmonary-valve prosthesis and speculated that similar technology might be used in other cardiac valves, including the aortic position.1 Two years later, the first transcatheter insertion of an aortic-valve prosthesis was performed by Cribier et al.2 Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation has developed rapidly, and two relatively mature technologies are in clinical use: the SAPIEN Transcatheter Heart Valve (Edwards Lifesciences) and the CoreValve Revalving System (Medtronic). In contrast to surgical valve replacement, in which the diseased, calcified cusps are removed, these and other catheter-based techniques in development rely on forcibly spreading the stenotic .
G Protein–Coupled Receptor–Mediated Activation of p110β by Gβγ Is Required for Cellular Transformation and Invasiveness

Blocking the activation of p110β by G proteins inhibits tumor cell proliferation. Distinguishing Between PI3Kβ Activators The p110β member of the class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) is unusual in that it is activated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and by G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), in the latter case through Gβγ dimers. Tumor cells deficient in the phosphatase PTEN depend on the activity of p110β for proliferation; however, it has not been possible to assess the relative contributions of RTKs and GPCRs to p110β activity in this context. Dbouk et al. identified and characterized the Gβγ-binding site of p110β and developed an inhibitor peptide that blocked Gβγ-dependent activation of p110β in vitro but left RTK-mediated activation intact. A cell-permeable version of this peptide inhibited the proliferation and invasiveness of human PTEN-deficient tumor cell lines, suggesting that specifically targeting Gβγ-mediated activation of p110β may provide an effective therapy in the treatment of certain cancers. Synergistic activation by heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein (G protein)–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases distinguishes p110β from other class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Activation of p110β is specifically implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as the growth of tumors deficient in phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN). To determine the specific contribution of GPCR signaling to p110β-dependent functions, we identified the site in p110β that binds to the Gβγ subunit of G proteins. Mutation of this site eliminated Gβγ-dependent activation of PI3Kβ (a dimer of p110β and the p85 regulatory subunit) in vitro and in cells, without affecting basal activity or phosphotyrosine peptide–mediated activation. Disrupting the p110β-Gβγ interaction by mutation or with a cell-permeable peptide inhibitor blocked the transforming capacity of PI3Kβ in fibroblasts and reduced the proliferation, chemotaxis, and invasiveness of PTEN-null tumor cells in culture. Our data suggest that specifically targeting GPCR signaling to PI3Kβ could provide a therapeutic approach for tumors that depend on p110β for growth and metastasis.
Inverted BMI rather than BMI is a better proxy for percentage of body fat

Background: Percentage of body fat (BF%) is a known risk factor for a range of healthcare problems but is difficult to measure. An easy to measure proxy is the weight/height2 ratio known as the Body Mass Index (BMI kg/m2). However, BMI does have some inherent weaknesses which are readily overcome by its inverse iBMI (1000/BMI, cm2/kg). Methods: The association between BF% and both BMI and iBMI together with their distributional properties was explored using previously published data from healthy (n = 2993) and diseased populations (n = 298). Results: BMI is skewed whereas iBMI is symmetrical and so is better approximated by the normal distribution. The relationship between BF% and BMI is curved, but that of iBMI and BF% is linear and thus iBMI explains more of the variation in BF% than BMI. For example a unit increase in BMI for a group of thin women represents an increase of 2.3% in BF, but for obese women this represents only a 0.3% increase in BF—a 7-fold difference. The curvature stems from body mass being the numerator in BMI but the denominator in BF% resulting in a form of hyperbolic curve which is not the case with iBMI. Furthermore, BMI and iBMI have different relationships (interaction) with BF% for men and women, but these differences are less marked with iBMI. Conclusions: Overall, these characteristics of iBMI favour its use over BMI, especially in statistical models.
Telencephalic projections of the nucleus rotundus in the pigeon (Columba livia)

The nucleus rotundus receives a massive ascending projection from the optic tectum. Stereotaxic lesions were placed in the nucleus rotundus and its efferent projections studied by means of the Nauta‐Gygax and Fink‐Heimer methods for degenerating axons and terminals. Efferent rotundal axons form the lateral part of the fasciculus prosencephali lateralis (FPL), pass through the lateral portion of the paleostriatum primitivum (PP) and augmentatum (PA) and enter the overlying ectostriatum.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation, Initial Reliability, and Validation of Turkish 15D’s Version

This article describes the adaptation of the Finnish 15D standardized measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument for use in Turkey and assesses its psychometric properties. The HRQoL is measured in a sample of 75 patients with Type 2 diabetes using both 15D and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) instruments. The internal consistency within the domains of 15D was high, with Cronbach’s alpha values 0.89 for 15D scale and 0.89 for NHP. Significant correlations were observed between the scores of similar domains of 15D and the NHP in general health perception supporting the construct validity of the new 15D Turkish version. Overall, the results indicated that the adaptation of the 15D for use in Turkey was successful. The Turkish version was found to be a reliable and valid instrument. It is suitable and applicable to both clinical and population-based studies for the measurement of HRQoL in Turkey.
Flow resistance over technical anastomoses in relation to the angle of distal end-to-side connections

Objective--The fluid dynamics within the anastomotic region may contribute to graft failure. The aim was to investigate how flow resistance is affected by anastomotic angle and viscosity. Design--Technical end-to-side anastomoses of 3-mm inlet/outlet diameter were precision-drilled in plastic blocks at 90°, 60°, 45°, and 30° angles, with 0° as control to calculate relative resistance. Five pressure loads of 200-1000 mmH[Formula: See Text]O and two fluid viscosities were tested using pulsatile perfusion. Results--Absolute resistances showed a significant linear correlation with pressure, regardless of anastomotic angle and with similar slope values. Increased viscosity produced an upward shift in resistance but otherwise had no effect. However, the relative resistances showed transition zones at increased pressures, which were sensitive to viscosity. The 30° angle produced less resistance than steeper angles. Conclusion--Previous studies gave contradictory results about the importance of anastomotic angle. Our findings suggest that in iso-diametrical technical anastomoses a low angle is favorable. The complexity of angularity in distal aorto-coronary anastomoses was illustrated by threshold phenomena at different pressures, possibly due to induced turbulence and anastomotic resonance.
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Clinicopathologic Correlation of White, Non scrapable Oral Mucosal Surface Lesions: A Study of 100 Cases.

INTRODUCTION White, non scrapable lesions are commonly seen in the oral cavity. Based on their history and clinical appearance, most of these lesions can be easily diagnosed, but sometimes diagnosis may go wrong. In order to arrive to a confirmative diagnosis, histopathological assessment is needed in many cases, if not all. AIMS 1) To find out the prevalence of clinically diagnosed oral white, non scrapable lesions. 2) To find out the prevalence of histopathologically diagnosed oral white, non scrapable lesions. 3) To correlate the clinical and histopathological diagnosis in the above lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 cases of oral white, non scrapable lesions were included in the study. Based on their history and clinical presentation, clinical provisional diagnosis was made. Then biopsy was done and confirmatory histopathological diagnosis was given and both were correlated. In order to correlate clinical and histopathological diagnosis Discrepancy Index (DI) was calculated for all the cases. RESULTS Based on clinical diagnosis, there were 59 cases (59%) of leukoplakia, 29 cases (29%) of lichen planus and six cases (6%) of lichenoid reaction; whereas, based on histopathological diagnosis, there were 66 cases (66%) of leukoplakia epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (leukoplakia) and 30 cases (30%) of lichen planus. Seventy eight clinically diagnosed cases (78%) correlated with the histopathological diagnosis and 22 cases (22%) did not correlate. The total discrepancy index was 22%. CONCLUSION A clinician needs to be aware of oral white, non scrapable lesions. Due to the overlapping of many clinical features in some of these lesions and also due to their malignant potential, a histopathological confirmative diagnosis is recommended.
Open Source Repository Recommendation in Social Coding

Social coding and open source repositories have become more and more popular. Software developers have various alternatives to contribute themselves to the communities and collaborate with others. However, nowadays there is no effective recommender suggesting developers appropriate repositories in both the academia and the industry. Although existing one-class collaborative filtering (OCCF) approaches can be applied to this problem, they do not consider particular constraints of social coding such as the programming languages, which, to some extent, associate the repositories with the developers. The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of leveraging user programming language preference to improve the performance of OCCF-based repository recommendation. Based on matrix factorization, we propose language-regularized matrix factorization (LRMF), which is regularized by the relationships between user programming language preferences. Extensive experiments have been conducted on the real-world dataset of GitHub. The results demonstrate that our framework significantly outperforms five competitive baselines.
Temporal parameters of spontaneous speech in Alzheimer's disease

This paper reports on four temporal parameters of spontaneous speech in three stages of Alzheimer's disease (mild, moderate, and severe) compared to age-matched normal controls. The analysis of the time course of speech has been shown to be a particularly sensitive neuropsychological method to investigate cognitive processes such as speech planning and production. The following parameters of speech were measured in Hungarian native-speakers with Alzheimer's disease and normal controls: articulation rate, speech tempo, hesitation ratio, and rate of grammatical errors. Results revealed significant differences in most of these speech parameters among the three Alzheimer's disease groups. Additionally, the clearest difference between the normal control group and the mild Alzheimer's disease group involved the hesitation ratio, which was significantly higher in the latter group. This parameter of speech may have diagnostic value for mild-stage Alzheimer's disease and therefore could be a useful aid in medical practice.
Identification of intrarenal fibrin deposition

The site and extent of intrarenal fibrin deposition has been examined by routine histological staining, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy in 109 patients with a wide variety of renal diseases. The findings have been correlated with the amount of urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) excretion as measured by the tanned red cell haemagglutination inhibition immunoassay. The results show that routine histological stains (Martius Scarlet Blue and Picro Mallory) are unreliable, particularly where there is mesangial accumulation of material or where the amount of fibrin deposited is small and confined to a subendothelial position. Similarly the electron microscope may overassess the degree of fibrin deposition, particularly if this is associated with the deposition of immunoglobulins and complement. There is a close relationship between the site and extent of fibrin, as detected by immunofluorescence, and the maximal urinary FDP excretion.
The pathology of aorta of quails experimentally infected with Enterococcus faecalis.

Isolation and identification of Enterococcus faecalis from small intestine and cecum of quails were done by culturing on differential and selective media. The lesions of aorta in quails experimentally infected with isolated bacteria were examined. Quails were divided randomly into four groups, the first group considered as control, and the other groups inoculated itraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of bacterial suspension of 10 CFU (2 group), 10 CFU (the 3 group), and 10 CFU (the 4 group). The pathological changes of thoracic and abdominal aorta were recorded at 3, 7, 14 and 21 post infection days which include hyperplasia of endothelial cells with intensive localization of fatty vacuoles (foam cells) in intimal and medial layers of aortas with the proliferation and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) accompanied by fragmentation of elastic fibers. These lesions were more severe at 14 and 21 post infection days. We concluded that E. faecalis possesses the ability to induce fatty degeneration in aorta indicating primary lesions of atherosclerosis in quails.
Daily Expenses of Foreign Tourists, Length of Stay and Activities: Evidence from Spain

One of the most salient topics in tourism studies is the analysis of factors driving tourist expenditure decisions, given their impact on destinations and the consequences for marketing strategies. Tourist expenditure in a given destination is the result of considering both the length of stay and the daily expenditure. The objective of this research is to analyse daily tourist expenditure determinants using a survey of foreign tourists visiting one leading destination in Southern Europe: the Spanish Mediterranean coast. It focuses on two aspects: how the length of stay influences daily expenditure and how the different activities of tourists during their stay affect tourist expenditure. The research employs a dataset of nearly 184,000 observations covering 2004–2009 and includes tourist socio-economic characteristics and elements related to the trip. The results confirm that tourist expenditure is explained by a set of tourist-related social and economic factors and these factors shed light on the consequences of strategies to extend the length of stay of tourists. Finally, the effect on the daily expenditure of tourists' activities helps to determine the complementary supply (health, culture, gastronomy, etc) that must accompany mature sun-and-sand destinations.
Zidovudine, trimethoprim, and dapsone pharmacokinetic interactions in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Zidovudine is widely prescribed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Trimethoprim and dapsone are commonly used in the management of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. To examine the pharmacokinetic interactions among these drugs, eight HIV-infected patients (26 to 43 years old) with a mean CD4 count of 524.4 +/- 405.7 cells per mm3 received zidovudine (200 mg), trimethoprim (200 mg), and dapsone (100 mg) as single agents and in two- and three-drug combinations. Blood and urine samples were collected at a specified time and analyzed for zidovudine, zidovudine-glucuronide, trimethoprim, dapsone, and monoacetyl-dapsone concentrations under single-dose and steady-state conditions. Zidovudine did not influence the pharmacokinetic disposition of dapsone or trimethoprim. Dapsone had no effect on the pharmacokinetic disposition of zidovudine. Trimethoprim significantly decreased the renal clearance of zidovudine by 58% (5.0 +/- 1.8 versus 2.1 +/- 0.5 ml/min/kg of body weight [P < 0.05]). There was a concurrent 54% decrease in the mean urinary recovery of zidovudine (11.7 +/- 3.5 versus 5.4 +/- 3.0 [P < 0.05]), and the metabolic ratio was decreased by 78% (0.32 +/- 0.4 versus 0.07 +/- 0.05 [P < 0.05]). The mean area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 6 h of the zidovudine-glucuronide/ zidovudine ratio was unchanged. We conclude that zidovudine, trimethoprim, and dapsone can be coadministered to patients with AIDS without significant pharmacokinetic interaction. However, in AIDS patients with liver impairment and impaired glucuronidation, doses of zidovudine may need to be decreased.