Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estudio transversal de las actitudes hacia la ciencia en estudiantes de grados quinto a undécimo. Adaptación y aplicación de un instrumento para valorar actitudes

El presente trabajo muestra el estudio de las actitudes hacia la ciencia en un grupo de estudiantes a lo largo de los diferentes niveles de secundaria, segun la implementacion, ajuste y aplicacion de un instrumento evaluativo propuesto originalmente por Barmby, Kind y Jones (2008). La aplicacion del instrumento y de una entrevista semiestructurada permitieron obtener resultados confiables (alfa de Cronbach, ? = 0,77)sobre diferentes categorias de actitud frente a la ciencia. Los resultados indican que, en la poblacion estudiada, no hay diferencias significativas respecto al genero. Se observaron concepciones favorables respecto a la importancia de la ciencia y la tecnologia y al trabajo practico en ciencias, pero desfavorables frente a las posibilidades futuras de trabajar en el ambito cientifico y con manifestaciones recurrentes sobre imaginarios de complejidad hacia la actividad cientifica. Finalmente, es evidente una disminucion progresiva (desde grado quinto hasta grado undecimo) de las actitudes favorables frente a las ciencias.
Increased Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-1 in Atrial Myocardium of Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the roles of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in atrial fibrosis in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Methods: Up to 40 cases involving simple mitral valve replacement surgery were divided into 2 groups: the chronic atrial fibrillation (cAF) group (n = 28) and the sinus rhythm group (n = 12). Echocardiography was used to measure the cardiac cavity size and analyze the cardiac function. Right atrial specimens were obtained during the operation. The collagen volume fraction in the atrial specimens was examined. The mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1, Smad3 and CTGF were also investigated. Results: Compared with the sinus rhythm group, the cAF group had higher collagen content in the right atrial tissues. The mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1, Smad3 and CTGF were also significantly elevated in the cAF group (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF in the cAF group correlated positively with the collagen volume fraction. The positive correlation between the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF was also demonstrated. Conclusions: CTGF is upregulated via the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in the atrial myocardium of cAF patients. Furthermore, the TGF-β1/Smad pathway may play an important role in the structural remodeling during atrial fibrosis.
Survey of protozoan, helminth and viral infections in shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus and prawn Macrobrachium acanthurus native to the Jamapa River region, Mexico.

We surveyed protozoan and metazoan parasites as well as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus and the palaemonid prawn Macrobrachium acanthurus native to the lower Jamapa River region of Veracruz, Mexico. The presence of parasites and the infection parameters were evaluated in 113 palaemonid prawns collected during the northwind (n = 45), rainy (n = 38) and dry seasons (n = 30) between October 2007 and July 2008, and in 91 shrimp collected in the rainy season between May and June 2008. In L. setiferus, ciliates of the subclass Apostomatia (Ascophrys sp.) were evident in gills, and third-stage larvae of the nematode Physocephalus sexalatus were evident in the stomach. Cestodes of the genus Prochristianella were evident in the hepatopancreas, while some gregarines of the genus Nematopsis, as well as unidentified larval cestodes, were observed in the intestine. Histology identified Ascophrys sp. in association with gill necrosis and tissue melanization. Slight inflammation was observed in intestinal epithelium near cestode larvae. In M. acanthurus, epibionts of the protozoans Epistylis sp. , Acineta sp. and Lagenophrys sp. were observed under uropods, periopods and pleopods. An unidentified ciliate of the Apostomatia was also found in the gills, and Nematopsis was identified in the intestine. No histopathology was observed in association with these parasites. Moreover, neither WSSV nor IHHNV were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in any of the L. setiferus or M. acanthurus analysed.
Comparison of computer‐controlled administration of propofol with two manually controlled infusion techniques

Ninety women were studied in order to compare dose requirements and quality of anaesthesia between target‐controlled infusion and two manually controlled infusion schemes for propofol administration: group I received target‐controlled infusion for induction (4 μg.ml−1 target blood concentration, increased by 2 μg.ml−1 after 3 min if consciousness not lost), groups II and III received an induction bolus of propofol at infusion rates of 1200 or 600 ml.h−1, respectively, until loss of consciousness. Anaesthesia was maintained with propofol target‐controlled infusion in group I or by constant rate infusion in the other two groups. Computer simulations were used to calculate blood and effect‐site propofol concentrations. Mean induction times (SD) were 78 (65) s in group I versus 51 (10) s and 62 (12) s in groups II and III, respectively (p < 0.05 between groups II and III). Mean induction doses were: 1.31 (0.44), 2.74 (0.56) and 1.77 (0.43) mg.kg−1 and mean maintenance doses were 13.4 (3.55), 9.32 (1.71) and 9.97 (1.53) mg.kg−1.h−1 in groups I, II and III, respectively (p < 0.05 between all groups). There was a lower incidence of apnoea in group I than in groups II and III. There were no significant differences between the groups in other objective parameters of anaesthetic quality studied. Computer simulations showed an ‘overshoot’ in propofol blood and effect‐site concentration with manual induction and significantly higher maintenance levels with target‐controlled infusion.
A Behavioral Resource-Based View of the Firm: The Synergy of Cyert and March (1963) and Penrose (1959)

Cyert and March's (1963) seminal behavioral theory is one of the two major economics-based theories of the firm that goes inside the “black box” (the firm)---the other being the contribution of Edith Penrose. The two theories have differences, but also similarities, and substantial scope for cross-fertilization that has gone unnoticed in the literature. In this paper, we try to integrate important ideas from both books, paying particular attention to the issue of “excess resources,” slack, and (intrafirm) conflict. We then build on the integrated framework by delving into the nature of intrafirm conflict and its relationship to the degree of intrafirm rivalry, as they may impact the possible use of slack by firms. We derive propositions common to the two theories and new ones of importance to our understanding of organizational growth and change.
Blade Plate Compared with Locking Plate for Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis: A Cadaver Study

Background: We hypothesized that a locking plate would be stronger than a blade plate for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis under dorsiflexion and torsional loading. Materials and Methods: Nine pairs of matched cadaveric lower extremities were used. BMD was obtained for each specimen. Each received a retrograde augmentation screw and a stainless steel LC-angled blade plate (Synthes, Paoli, PA) or a stainless steel LCP proximal humerus locking plate (Synthes, Paoli, PA). Specimens were cyclically loaded in dorsiflexion to simulate 6 weeks of partial weightbearing and then monotonically loaded to failure. Specimens were removed from the load frame and remounted to simulate fusion. The specimen received an axial load of 720 N and was externally rotated proximal to the construct at 5 degrees/sec to fracture. Data were compared with a Student's t-test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine whether bone mineral density was significantly related to measured parameters. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The locking plate group had higher initial stiffness, higher dorsi-flexion and torsional load to failure, and lower construct deformation than the blade plate group. Bone mineral density was positively correlated with dorsiflexion failure load and torsional failure load in the locking plate construct. Conclusion: Fixation with the locking plate was superior to that with the blade plate. Clinical Relevance: Use of a locking plate may be an effective fixation technique in tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis, especially in complex hindfoot reconstructions with bone loss or deformity.
A case of euglyacemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with gestational diabetes mellitus

A 30-year old woman at 30 weeks gestation with insulin-controlled gestational diabetes was admitted with nausea and vomiting. Plasma glucose was 3.3 mmol/l with pH 7.23 and raised capillary ketones at 6.1 mmol/l. She was diagnosed with euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Cardiotocography showed good fetal movement and accelerations. She was given intramuscular betamethasone and started on intravenous dextrose, insulin and 0.9% saline with potassium chloride with resolution of ketosis. Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis has been reported during pregnancy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We believe that this is a report of such an occurrence in a patient with gestational diabetes.
Nutrition and Supplements for Elite Open-Weight Rowing

Competitive rowing events are raced over 2,000 m requiring athletes to have highly developed aerobic and anaerobic systems. Elite rowers therefore undertake training sessions focused on lactate tolerance, strength and power as well as aerobic and anaerobic capacity development, that can amount to a 24-h training week. The training stimuli and consequent metabolic demands of each session in a rowing training program differ depending on type, length, and intensity. Nutrition guidelines for endurance- and power-based sports should be drawn upon; however, individualized and flexible nutrition plans are critical to successfully meet the daily, weekly, and cyclic nutrient requirements of a rower. This review will provide an overview of key nutritional strategies to optimize training and enhance adaptation, and briefly discuss supplement strategies that may support health and enhance performance in elite rowing.
A new fuzzy logic power system stabilizer performances

This paper describes the performances of a new power system stabilizer, the fuzzy logic PSS (FLPSS). It is basically a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) type FLPSS with adjustable gains added outside in order to keep a simple structure. The FLPSS uses the generator speed deviation as primary input from which the accelerating power is derived as a secondary input. In order to validate the FLPSS, it has been compared with two reference stabilizers, the IEEE PSS4B and IEEE PSS2B from the IEEE Std 421.5. Conclusions are supported by a range of small and large signal analyses, performed on a four machine two areas test system (with two configurations).
Medical problems related to recreational drug use at nocturnal dance parties

During ‘I love techno’ (edition 2001), an indoor rave party attended by 37 000 people, data about medical problems (especially drug-related problems) were collected. To place these data in a wider perspective, a similar registration was done during ‘De Nacht’, a traditional New Year's Eve dance party held at the same location and attended by 12 000 people. Furthermore, a prospective study on the time course of the level of consciousness (Glasgow Coma Score) and blood concentrations of illicit drugs, especially gamma-hydroxybutyrate was set up. The results revealed that during ‘I love techno’ the incidence of medical problems was high (66.5/10 000 attendees), but not higher than during ‘De Nacht’ (70.0/10 000 attendees). At ‘I love techno’, however, mainly illicit drugs were used, more frequently leading to severe drug-related medical problems. The observations in patients with a drug-related medical problem who had taken gamma-hydroxybutyrate showed that for a given level of consciousness the gamma-hydroxybutyrate concentrations may show important differences, that the transition from coma (Glasgow Coma Score ≤7) to full recovery (Glasgow Coma Score 15) takes only 30–60 min (and only a small decrease in gamma-hydroxybutyrate concentrations), and that the time it takes before a comatose patient reaches the above-mentioned ‘transition area’ may be a few hours.
Response to pentagastrin after acute phenylalanine and tyrosine depletion in healthy men: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of the acute depletion of the catecholamine precursors phenylalanine and tyrosine on mood and pentagastrin-induced anxiety. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind controlled multiple crossover study. SETTING University department of psychiatry. PARTICIPANTS 6 healthy male volunteers. INTERVENTIONS 3 treatments were compared: pretreatment with a nutritionally balanced amino acid mixture, followed 5 hours later by a bolus injection of normal saline placebo; pretreatment with a balanced amino acid mixture, followed by a bolus injection of pentagastrin (0.6 microgram/kg); and pretreatment with an amino acid mixture without the catecholamine precursors phenylalanine or tyrosine, followed by pentagastrin (0.6 microgram/kg). OUTCOME MEASURES Scores on the panic symptom scale, a visual analogue scale for anxiety, the Borg scale of respiratory exertion and the Profile of Mood States Elation-Depression Scale. RESULTS Pentagastrin produced the expected increases in anxiety symptoms, but there was no significant or discernible influence of acute phenylalanine and tyrosine depletion on anxiety or mood. CONCLUSIONS These pilot data do not support further study using the same design in healthy men. Under these study conditions, phenylalanine and tyrosine depletion may have larger effects on dopamine than noradrenaline. Alternative protocols to assess the role of catecholamines in mood and anxiety are proposed.
Work Environment Factors Influencing the Transfer of Learning for Online Learners.

HRD professionals struggle with why a higher percentage of skills and knowledge acquired through training fail to transfer to the work environment and why transfer appears to diminish over time (Cromwell & Kolb, 2002). With increased investment in technology and professional development, it is imperative to enhance the learners’ transfer process particularly concerning their work environment. This study identified critical work environment factors supporting or impeding transfer for participants of an online professional development program.
Nonclinical Cardiovascular Studies of Prucalopride, a Highly Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine 4 Receptor Agonist

Patients with chronic constipation benefit from treatment with 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonists. However, the first-generation 5-HT4 receptor agonists cisapride and tegaserod were withdrawn from the market owing to rare cardiovascular adverse events that were not 5-HT4-receptor-related but due to the lack of selectivity of these drugs. Here we report the nonclinical cardiovascular profile of the selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist prucalopride. To assess its non-5-HT4 receptor-mediated effects on cardiovascular electrophysiological parameters, in vitro studies were performed in human ether-à-go-go-related gene-transfected cells, guinea pig ventricular myocytes and papillary muscle preparations, rabbit and dog Purkinje fibers, and the Langendorff rabbit heart. In vivo experiments were performed in a rabbit model for drug-induced proarrhythmogenesis, in anesthetized guinea pigs, and anesthetized and conscious dogs. In addition, human platelet aggregation and coronary artery contraction were studied to exclude interactions that have been suggested to mediate the cardiovascular effects of tegaserod. Effects at 5-HT4 receptors were evaluated in piglet and human atrial myocardium, and in anesthetized pigs. Finally, cardiovascular endpoints were investigated in chronic, repeated-dose toxicology studies at very high prucalopride doses in rats and dogs. No relevant effects were observed in any of the cardiovascular studies at concentrations at least 50 times the therapeutic plasma level. Only in pigs were minor and transient increases in heart rate and blood pressure noted upon first exposure to prucalopride, at plasma levels at least 10 times higher than human therapeutic plasma levels. Prucalopride may thus provide therapeutic benefit without the cardiovascular risks reported for other 5-HT4 receptor agonists.
Evaluating postoperative fever: a focused approach.

Postoperative fever should be evaluated with a focused approach rather than in "shotgun" fashion. Most fevers that develop within the first 48 hours after surgery are benign and self-limiting. However, it is critical that physicians who provide postoperative care be able to recognize the minority of fevers that demand immediate attention, based on the patient's history, a targeted physical examination, and further studies if appropriate. Fever that develops after the first 2 days following surgery is more likely to have an infectious cause, but noninfectious causes that require further evaluation and treatment must also be considered. When evaluating postoperative fever, a helpful mnemonic is the "four Ws": wind (pulmonary causes: pneumonia, aspiration, and pulmonary embolism, but not atelectasis), water (urinary tract infection), wound (surgical site infection), "what did we do? " (iatrogenic causes: drug fever, blood product reaction, infections related to intravenous lines).
Perceived Stressful Work, Citizenship Behaviour and Intention to Leave the Organization in a High Turnover Environment: Examining the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

This study investigates the extent to which job satisfaction mediates the relationship between job stress work outcomes, such as intention to leave the employer and citizenship behaviour (OCB). To reach this objective, data were collected from two independent samples (engineers, N = 138; truck drivers, N = 294). The procedure advocated by Baron and Kenny (1986) was selected for the mediation test. The result pattern across both samples was very similar. While no relationship was found between stressful work and OCB, perceived stressful work increased the desire to leave the employer. Job satisfaction had a positive effect on OCB and a strong negative effect on intention to leave. In both samples, job satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between perceived stressful work and intention to leave the employer.
Language in Canada: English: Canadian varieties

The sociology of Canadian English (CE), though far from simple, is readily comprehensible. This is perhaps surprising, given the vast territory of Canada, the linguistic complexity of a nation with two official languages, and the diverse ethnicity of the anglophone population. But these complex conditions have mitigating adjuncts. In land mass, Canada occupies more space than any other nation save Russia, but the population of about 27,300,000 (in the 1991 census, according to Statistics Canada, 1992, 1993, the source of all current statistics in this chapter) is relatively compact, largely concentrated in cities or towns, mainly in a long, narrow band within 200 kilometers of the Canada–US border. Of the official languages, English predominates with about 63 per cent speaking English and another 13 per cent admitting to neither official language but who are largely speakers of English as a second language (ESL); outside Quebec, the francophone heartland, about 95 per cent speak English (including ESL). The ethnic diversity of the anglophone population is almost entirely the result of immigrations in this century, but the earlier immigrations – the ones that supplied the formative anglophone influences linguistically and in numerous other ways, as we will see below – were ethnically homogeneous; only now is ethnic diversity beginning to affect our native accents.
Photonic Narrow Linewidth GHz Source Based on Highly Codoped Phosphate Glass Fiber Lasers in a Single MOPA Chain

We present the first demonstration of a fiber pumped source of coherent gigahertz (GHz) radiation based on parametric processes. The GHz source is compact, and pumped by two Q-switched highly codoped phosphate all-fiber lasers in a fusion-spliced master oscillator power amplifier chain at eye safe C-band wavelengths, with a GaSe crystal used for difference-frequency generation. The final stage used a novel highly codoped phosphate glass fiber that was only 12 cm long, and scaled the peak power of the narrow linewidth fiber laser to more than 4 kW. The generated GHz radiation at 270 GHz has a peak power of 48.1 muW, corresponding to a peak power spectral density of ~1.2 W/THz with an estimated linewidth of 40 MHz.
What ’ s new in diagnosis and therapy of atrial fibrillation ? New drugs , new ablation techniques and new devices

Management of atrial fibrillation (AF) regarding new diagnostic and therapeutic tools has constantly evolved over the last years. For paroxysmal AF, implantable loop recorders offer new options for better assessment of AF burden. For treatment, pulmonary vein (PV) isolation has evolved an accepted, effective treatment with ~75-85% of patients in stable sinus rhythm. Since the rate of major complications of 2.5% is relatively low, PV isolation is nowadays the first choice therapy for symptomatic patients with drug-resistant paroxysmal AF. To reduce the most frequent reason for AF recurrence after PV isolation, i.e. reconnection of formerly isolated PV, new techniques including pharmacological testing for dormant PV connection and more precise testing for incomplete ablation lines by pacing manoeuvres have been introduced. New ablation tools include contact force measuring catheters for larger and more durable lesions by better catheter tip to tissue contact, and balloon-shaped ablation catheters providing single shot PV isolation using cryo-energy or laser applications. For persistent AF, assessment of the atrial substrate maintaining AF by 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) has the potential to predict ablation outcome. For the treatment of symptomatic persistent AF, the best ablation approach is a matter of debate, with linear ablation concepts competing with the ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE). The combination of both techniques seems to provide the best results, with 65-80% of patients in stable sinus rhythm. These favourable results, however, are only reached after 2-3 ablation procedures. For new antiarrhythmic drugs, dronedarone has widely deceived the high hopes, revealing considerable liver toxicity, increased mortality for some AF patients’ subgroups and sobering antiarrhythmic effect when compared to amiodarone for the suppression of AF. New oral anticoagulants which act by direct inhibition of thrombin or factor X are promising and are expected to facilitate considerably future clinical practice. In large trials, they were found to be comparable or better than warfarin regarding the incidence of ischemic stroke and major bleedings including intracranial bleeding.