Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executive Function Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children: A Five Year Follow-Up

Little is known about the long-term effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in very young children. This study used a prospective, cross-sectional design to investigate the impact of TBI on executive function (EF) outcomes in children who sustained a TBI before the age of seven. The study aimed to identify specific or global EF deficits five years post-TBI, and to explore factors that predicted outcomes. Fifty-four children with a TBI and 17 uninjured comparison children participated. Their performance on several cognitive and behavioral EF measures was examined. Results suggested that executive difficulties were present following severe TBI, however children with mild and moderate injuries were relatively unaffected. Skills that develop early appeared to be relatively robust. Injury severity was found to be most predictive of long-term EF, however other injury, child and family-related variables also contributed to outcomes.
To CMM or Not to CMM? Antecedents and Consequences of CMM Certification in the Indian Offshore Industry

Third-party process certification programs such as the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and the ISO 9000 set of standards have been popular in the IT outsourcing industry as a means of differentiation and quality assurance. Specifically, prior theory in signaling indicates that in markets where there is significant information asymmetry between vendors and potential clients, firms perceive value in acquiring certification so as to provide a reliable signal of higher quality and better processes. Consequently, firms that are certified should experience significant benefits accruing from both their supply and demand sides. We test these hypotheses in the context of the Indian offshore IT services industry on firm-level panel data on 66 vendor firms collected from 1997 to 2002. We first propose a discrete choice model that examines a firm’s decision to acquire CMM Level 3 certification. Subsequently, we study the effects of CMM certification on the firm’s costs and exports. Our results indicate that in accordance with signaling theory, more cost-effective firms and export-oriented firms are more likely to acquire certification. In addition, CMM Level 3 certified firms show significant improvements in exports. Certified firms also see an improvement in their cost efficiency after obtaining certification. Our analysis indicates that the business value of CMM certification in the Indian offshore industry appears to be driven by significant demand-side benefits. This is consistent with prior work in signaling that shows the benefits of indicating better service and quality to potential customers. This helps in reducing the information asymmetry between the firm and clients in the offshore domain, thereby leading to enhanced firm performance.
Genetic diversity of human papillomavirus infections in anogenital warts and cancers

Descripcion de la distribucion diferencial de variantes de los virus del Papiloma humano 6 y 11 (VPH6 y VPH11) en sus patologias asociadas: verrugas genitales y papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente. Descripcion de la distribucion diferencial de variantes del virus del Papiloma humano 16 (VPH16) en canceres anogenitales humanos y en los distintos tipos hisologicos de cancer de cervix (escamoso, adenoescamoso y adenocarcinoma). Para las variantes de VPH16, se decribe su distribucion geografica a nivel mundial y se cuantifica la contribucion relativa de la distinta abundancia de las variantes de VPH16, localizacion anatomica del cancer,histologia y geografia respecto a la observacion diferencial de las variantes de VPH16
Fine serotyping of human immunodeficiency virus serotype 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 infections by using synthetic oligopeptides representing an immunodominant domain of HIV-1 and HIV-2/simian immunodeficiency virus

In this study, enzyme immunoassays for detection of type-specific antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) were developed by using short peptides corresponding to sequences located within the immunodominant domain of the transmembrane glycoproteins of both HIV-1 and HIV-2-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The assays were highly sensitive with currently available sera from various geographical areas. Furthermore, they appeared to be more specific in HIV serotyping than the Western blot (immunoblot) assay, since all of the sera were clearly discriminated as one or the other type. It was also shown that in contrast to HIV-1, the C-terminal cysteine residue (amino acid 620, SIV from captive macaques, Mm142 strain) of the HIV-2-SIV peptide is not necessary for recognition of the peptide by antibody to HIV-2.
“I Will Never Know the Person Who I Could Have Become”: Perceived Changes in Self-Identity Among Adult Survivors of Clergy-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse

Clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse (CPSA) during childhood represents a tragic betrayal of trust that inflicts damage on the survivor, the family, and the parish community. Survivors often report CPSA has a disturbing impact on their self-identity. Despite intense media coverage of clergy abuse globally in the Catholic Church (and other faith communities) over several decades, relatively few empirical studies have been conducted with survivors. Beyond clinical observations and advocacy group reports, very little is known about survivors’ perceptions of how the abuse impacted their long-term self-identity. Using data collected during the 2010 Health and Well-Being Survey, this qualitative analysis represents one of the first large-scale studies with a non-clinical sample of adult male survivors of CPSA from childhood (N = 205). The negative effects of the sexual abuse on participants were expressed across six domains of self-identity: (a) total self, (b) psychological self, (c) relational self, (d) gendered self, (e) aspirational self, and (f) spiritual self. These findings highlight the range and depth of self-suffering inflicted by this pernicious form of sexual violence. The findings are useful for developing clinical services for survivors, shaping public and institutional policies to address clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse, and guiding future research with this population.
Negative regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling by IL-10–dependent microRNA-146b

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in detecting pathogens and initiating inflammatory responses that, subsequently, prime specific adaptive responses. Several mechanisms control TLR activity to avoid excessive inflammation and consequent immunopathology, including the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Recently, several TLR-responsive microRNAs (miRs) have also been proposed as potential regulators of this signaling pathway, but their functional role during the inflammatory response still is incompletely understood. In this study, we report that, after LPS engagement, monocytes up-regulate miR-146b via an IL-10–mediated STAT3-dependent loop. We show evidence that miR-146b modulates the TLR4 signaling pathway by direct targeting of multiple elements, including the LPS receptor TLR4 and the key adaptor/signaling proteins myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD88), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1), and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the enforced expression of miR-146b in human monocytes led to a significant reduction in the LPS-dependent production of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, CCL3, CCL2, CCL7, and CXCL10. Our results thus identify miR-146b as an IL-10–responsive miR with an anti-inflammatory activity based on multiple targeting of components of the TLR4 pathway in monocytes and candidate miR-146b as a molecular effector of the IL-10 anti-inflammatory activity.
Influence of lifestyle modifications on age-related free radical injury to brain.

IMPORTANCE The Healthy Brain Initiative 2013-2018 seeks to optimize brain health as we age. Free radical injury is an important effector of molecular and cellular stress in the aging brain that derives from multiple sources. OBJECTIVE To identify potentially modifiable risk factors associated with increased markers of brain oxidative stress. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional, academic multicenter study consisted of 320 research volunteers (172 women) aged 21 to 100 years who were medically healthy and cognitively normal. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Free radical injury to the brain was assessed using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) F2-isoprostane (F2-IsoP) concentrations correlated with age, sex, race, cigarette smoking, body mass index, inheritance of the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE), and CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease. RESULTS The concentration of CSF F2-IsoP increased with age by approximately 3 pg/mL (approximately 10%) from age 45 to 71 years in medically healthy, cognitively normal adults (P < .001). The CSF F2-IsoP concentration increased by approximately more than 10% for every 5-U increase in body mass index (P < .001). Current smoking had an approximately 3-fold greater effect on CSF F2-IsoPs compared with age (P < .001). Women had greater mean CSF F2-IsoP concentrations than men at all ages after adjusting for other factors (P = .02). Neither the concentration of CSF Alzheimer disease biomarkers nor inheritance of the APOE ε4 allele was associated with the CSF F2-IsoP concentration in this group of medically healthy, cognitively normal adults (P > .05). The association between CSF F2-IsoP concentrations and race was not significant after controlling for the effect of current smoking status (P = .45). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results are consistent with an age-related increase in free radical injury in the human brain and uniquely suggest that this form of injury may be greater in women than in men. Our results also highlighted 2 lifestyle modifications (ie, body mass index and smoking) that would have an even greater effect on suppressing free radical injury to the brain than would suppressing the processes of aging. These results inform efforts to achieve success in the Healthy Brain Initiative 2013-2018.
Revisiting leadership in information and communication technology (ICT)-enabled activism: A study of Egypt’s grassroots human rights groups

Scholars argue that contemporary movements in the age of social media are leaderless and self-organised. However, the concept of connective leadership has been put forward to highlight the need for movements to have figures who connect entities together. This study conducts a qualitative research of 30 interviews of human rights groups in the 2011 Egyptian revolution to address the question of how leadership is performed in information and communication technology–enabled activism. The article reconceptualises connective leadership as decentred, emergent and collectively performed, and provides a broader and richer account of leaders’ roles, characteristics and challenges.
Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytes from Brazilian Medicinal Plants

Chirlei Glienke1,*, Fabiana Tonial2, Josiane Gomes-Figueiredo1,2, Daiani Savi2, Vania Aparecida Vicente2, Beatriz H. L. N. Sales Maia3 and Yvelise Maria Possiede4 1Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Centro Politecnico, Curitiba, Parana, 2Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Centro Politecnico, Curitiba, Parana, 3Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Setor de Ciencias Exatas, Centro Politecnico, Curitiba, Parana, 4Department of Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
Characterization of tumour cells in concomitant chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute monocytic leukaemia

A 68‐year‐old woman presented with haematological changes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute monocytic leukaemia. This diagnosis was confirmed by identification of cell surface markers for T and B lymphocytes and the identification of abnormal immunoglobulins and lysozyme in serum and urine.
Calsyntenin-1, a Proteolytically Processed Postsynaptic Membrane Protein with a Cytoplasmic Calcium-Binding Domain

In a screen for proteins released from synapse-forming spinal cord neurons, we found the proteolytically cleaved N-terminal fragment of a transmembrane protein localized in the postsynaptic membrane of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. We termed this protein calsyntenin-1, because it binds synaptic Ca2+ with its cytoplasmic domain. By binding Ca2+, calsyntenin-1 may modulate Ca2+-mediated postsynaptic signals. Proteolytic cleavage of calsyntenin-1 in its extracellular moiety generates a transmembrane stump that is internalized and accumulated in the spine apparatus of spine synapses. Therefore, the synaptic Ca2+ modulation by calsyntenin-1 may be subject to regulation by extracellular proteolysis in the synaptic cleft. Thus, calsyntenin-1 may link extracellular proteolysis in the synaptic cleft and postsynaptic Ca2+ signaling.
Is there a difference in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in adults after solid organ and haematologic stem cell transplantation? Experience in 41 patients.

OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a difference in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in adults after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and haematologic stem cell transplantation (HST). METHODS In this institutional review board-approved Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study, we reviewed clinical data and imaging at the time of diagnosis in 41 patients (26 SOT and 15 HST) (31 males and 10 females; mean age 51 years) with histopathology-confirmed PTLD seen at our institution from 2004 through 2013. Statistical analysis was performed to assess difference in distribution and survival between SOT and HST cohorts. RESULTS SOT: 17 lung/cardiac, 8 renal and 1 liver transplant recipients. HST: 13 leukaemia/lymphoma and 2 patients with aplastic anaemia. Median time to diagnosis: SOT 3.0 years; HST 6 months (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.0011). There was no statistically significant difference in distribution of PTLD after SOT and HST with nodes (15/26; 8/15), lung (10/26; 5/15) and bowel (6/26; 4/15) being the most common sites. Hepatic (3/26) and neurologic (2/26) involvement occurred in only SOT cohort while splenic PTLD (5/15) occurred more often in HST cohort. Death occurred earlier in HST (9/15; 2 weeks) than SOT cohort (12/26; 11 months) (Wilcoxon test; p = 0.0188). CONCLUSION PTLD did not differ significantly in distribution between SOT and HST cohorts. PTLD after HST occurred early and had shorter survival. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The most common sites of PTLD were the nodes, lung and bowel. Distribution of PTLD does not differ significantly between patients with SOT and HST. PTLD after HST occurs early and has poor survival compared with PTLD after SOT.
Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid.

IT IS the purpose of this paper to record the results of clinical and hematologic studies on 5 children with acute leukemia treated by the intramuscular injection of a synthetic compound, 4-aminopteroylglutamic acid (aminopterin). This substance is an antagonist to folic acid regarding the growth of Streptococcus faecalis R. The occurrence of what he interpreted as an "acceleration phenomenon" in the leukemic process as seen in the marrow and viscera of children with acute leukemia treated by the injection of folic acid conjugates1 — pteroyltriglutamic acid (teropterin) and pteroyldiglutamic acid (diopterin) — and an experience gained from studies on folic .
Temporal changes in plasma adrenocorticotropin concentration after repeated neurotropic stress in male and female rats.

To test the ability of the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH in response to repeated stress, 90-day-old male and female rats were subjected first to a 3-min psychological stress and then to a second identical stress 5, 10, or 15 min after the onset of the first stress. After decapitation 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 35 min after the onset of the second stress, plasma ACTH concentration was determined by bioassay, and plasma corticosterone was measured by a fluorometric method. Although the rate of increase in plasma corticosterone levels after the first stress was about 1.4 μg/100 ml-min in males and 2.1 μg/100 ml-min in females, 5-15 min after the onset of the first stress, no rapid inhibition of the second stress response appeared. Gradual hypersecretion of ACTH occurred in males after exposure to the second stress, and the resultant peak increment in plasma ACTH concentration was 2–3 times greater than the one observed in once-stressed rats. In females, a rapid and significant increase in plasma ACTH concentrat.
Neuropathology of a case of dopa-responsive dystonia associated with a new genetic locus, DYT14

Detailed autopsy findings are reported for a patient with dopa-responsive dystonia genetically related to the dopa-responsive dystonia locus DYT14 on chromosome 14q13. Substantia nigra and locus ceruleus showed a normal abundance of severely hypomelanized dopaminergic neurons and no Lewy body. In the nigra, the reduction of melanin pigment was found to be asymmetric between the two sides and uneven within neurons, and the lateral aspect of the nigra appeared more affected than the medial, in a pattern similar to the neuronal loss in PD. Dopa-responsive dystonia has a unique neuropathologic signature that seems to be independent of its genotype.
First record of Emetha audouini, a cymothoid isopod parasite, from cultured sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax in Greece.

For the first time, Emetha audouini (Milne Edwards, 1840), a cymothoid isopod, is reported parasitising cage cultured sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. , 1758 in Greece. The specimens observed are larvae (Pulli II). They were found in great numbers in the buccal and branchial cavity of young (3.5 m.o. old) sea bass, in an intensive cage farm facility. This parasite is certainly transferred to sea bass from wild populations of Sparidae or Centracanthidae. Serious lesions were visible and typical of a crustacean infection, with extensive and deep skin damage in the head area. The cumulative mortality, over a 2 wk period, was 10.75%. The parasitic problem was successfully dealt with by optimization of management practices rather than use of costly and dangerous chemotherapeutants.
Application of a QMRA Framework to Inform Selection of Drinking Water Interventions in the Developing Context

The aim of this study was to develop a modified quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) framework that could be applied as a decision support tool to choose between alternative drinking water interventions in the developing context. The impact of different household water treatment (HWT) interventions on the overall incidence of diarrheal disease and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) was estimated, without relying on source water pathogen concentration as the starting point for the analysis. A framework was developed and a software tool constructed and then implemented for an illustrative case study for Nepal based on published scientific data. Coagulation combined with free chlorine disinfection provided the greatest estimated health gains in the short term; however, when long‐term compliance was incorporated into the calculations, the preferred intervention was porous ceramic filtration. The model demonstrates how the QMRA framework can be used to integrate evidence from different studies to inform management decisions, and in particular to prioritize the next best intervention with respect to estimated reduction in diarrheal incidence. This study only considered HWT interventions; it is recognized that a systematic consideration of sanitation, recreation, and drinking water pathways is important for effective management of waterborne transmission of pathogens, and the approach could be expanded to consider the broader water‐related context.
Effects of thermal conductivity on dc resistance to erosion of silicone rubber/BN nanocomposites

Silicone rubber (SiR) is widely employed as an insulating material in transmission lines because of its excellent electrical properties and superior performance under wet and polluted conditions. However, the discharges that occur during operation can cause electrical erosion on the surface of silicone rubber insulators. The thermal conductivity of insulators has a correlation with the resistance to tracking and erosion. This study attempts to clarify whether the addition of boron nitride (BN) particles can improve the resistance to tracking and erosion of SiR by increasing its thermal conductivity. Before the tests, specimens were prepared by dispersing nano-BN particles into room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber at different loadings. In this paper, the dc test has been developed from the current IEC 60587 inclined plane tracking and erosion test to compare the phenomena occurring during the tests. Temperature distribution was observed by an infrared thermal imager. The experimental results indicate that the filled specimens have a lower degree of surface damage than the unfilled specimens. In addition, with the increase in content of fillers from 0 to 7 wt%, the thermal dissipation is improved and both the erosion depth and the weight loss show a decreasing trend, which proves the resistance of silicone rubber to tracking and erosion is improved.
Postmitotic death is the fate of constitutively proliferating cells in the subependymal layer of the adult mouse brain

The early development of the mammalian forebrain involves the massive proliferation of the ventricular zone cells lining the lateral ventricles. A remnant of this highly proliferative region persists into adult life, where it is known as the subependymal layer. We examined the proliferation kinetics and fates of the mitotically active cells in the subependyma of the adult mouse. The medial edge, the lateral edge, and the dorsolateral corner of the subependymal layer of the rostral portion of the lateral ventricle each contained mitotically active cells, but the dorsolateral region had the highest percentage of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled cells per unit area. Repeated injections of BrdU over 14 hr revealed a proliferation curve for the dorsolateral population with a growth fraction of 33%, indicating that 33% of the cells in this subependymal region make up the proliferating population. The total cell cycle time in this population was approximately 12.7 hr, with an S-phase of 4.2 hr. To examine the fate of these proliferating cells, we injected low concentrations of a replication-deficient, recombinant retrovirus directly into the lateral ventricles of adult mice for uptake by mitotically active subependymal cells. Regardless of the survival time postinjection (10 hr, 1 d, 2 d, or 8 d), the number of retrovirally labeled cells per clone remained the same (1 or 2 cells/clone). This suggests that one of the progeny from each cell division dies. Moreover, the clones remained confined to the subependyma and labeled cells were not seen in the surrounding brain tissue. Thus, while 33% of the dorsolateral subependymal cells continue to proliferate in adult life, the fate of the postmitotic progeny is death.