Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toxicological findings in fatally injured pilots of 979 amateur-built aircraft accidents.

BACKGROUND Specimens from aviation accident pilot fatalities are submitted to the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) for toxicological analyses. Trends of fatal amateur-built aircraft accidents and toxicological findings in the associated pilot fatalities have not been examined. METHODS Fatal amateur-built aircraft accidents that occurred during 1990-2009 were evaluated by retrieving information from the CAMI toxicology database. Probable cause/factor in the amateur-built aircraft mishaps were obtained from the National Transportation Safety Board's (NTSB's) aviation accident database. RESULTS Of 6309 fatal aviation accidents from which CAMI received postmortem samples, 979 (16%) were related to amateur-built aircraft. There was a decreasing trend in non-amateur-built aircraft accidents, but an increasing trend in amateur-built aircraft accidents. In the 979 accidents, 392 pilots (40%) were positive for ethanol and/or drugs. In these 392 accidents also, the review showed a decreasing trend with non-amateur-built aircraft and an increasing trend with amateur-built aircraft. Percentages of pilots with prescription drugs were 26% for amateur-built aircraft, 16% for non-amateur-built aircraft, and 18% for all aircraft. Ethanol/drug use and medical condition were determined to be a cause/factor in 42 (11%) of the 385 ethanol/ drug-positive amateur-built aircraft accidents investigated by the NTSB. DISCUSSION Drugs found in the pilots were consistent with commonly used medications in the general population. The contributory role of mechanical malfunction of home-built aircraft cannot be ruled out in the observed increasing trends in their accidents, with or without ethanol and/or drugs. Regardless, the increasing trends of such accidents are of significant concern.
The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician Rated and Self-report: A Psychometric Assessment in Chinese Americans With Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese translations of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS16), including the Clinician-Rated (QIDS-C16), Self-report (QIDS-SR16), and Interactive Voice Response (QIDS-SR-IVR16) formats. Thirty depressed Chinese Americans were assessed with Chinese translations of the QIDS-SR16, QIDS-SR-IVR16, and QIDS-C16. Cronbach alpha estimates of internal scale consistency on the QIDS-SR16, QIDS-SR-IVR16, and QIDS-C16 were 0.70, 0.74, and 0.79, respectively. Intercorrelations among the measures were QIDS-SR16 and QIDS-SR-IVR16, r = 0.79; QIDS-SR16 and QIDS-C16, r = 0.61; and QIDS-SR-IVR16 and QIDS-C16, r = 0.69 (all p values < 0.01). The areas under the curve for the receiver operating characteristics of the QIDS-SR16 and QIDS-SR-IVR16 were 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.95) and 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.96), respectively. The respective screening sensitivities/specificities were 0.73/0.74 and 0.86/0.58. The Chinese translations of the QIDS16 have adequate psychometric properties and may be useful tools for depression screening.
The Nexus between Trading Volume and Stock Prices: Panel Evidence from OECD Countries

In this study, the nexus between trading volume stock prices has been examined using panel causality test developed by Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) in OECD countries. As a result of a study which 12 countries are tested and monthly data of total 100 terms, it has stated that the causality from stock market index to trading volume. While this study shows that the positive or negative changes in the stock prices create trading volume on stock markets, it is clearly seen that trading volume doesn’t affect the stock prices. In this situation, it can be said that positive feedback hypothesis is valid for markets in this analysis. According to these findings efficient market hypothesis is valid for these stock markets.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF LEUKEMIA INDUCED IN RATS WITH GROSS VIRUS.

Summary The leukemia virus of Gross was adapted to W/Fu rats to which it became as highly pathogenic as to mice. The lymphomas produced in rats were invariably thymic with or without leukemia and involvement of other organs. An electron microscopic study was made of abundance of virus in the blood and various organs. Virus was found most often (100 per cent) and in greatest abundance in the thymus. The earliest clearly recognizable change was “budding” on the plasma membrane associated with accumulation of virus between well preserved cells. At an advanced stage of the disease, cytopathic changes were evidenced by dissolution of the plasma membrane innumerable viral particles intermingling with mitochondria, and other cytoplasmic elements. Intracellular viral particles were abundant in vesicles or canals and specific granules of megakaryocytes of the spleen and bone marrow, and few elsewhere in their cytoplasm. Conventional electron micrographs give no clue as to the primary site and mode of replication of viral nucleic acids. The viral particles seen resembled those of other leukemias. Some possessed tail-like structures as first described by Dalton for the Moloney virus (3, 4). By fractionation of the blood plasma a nearly pure preparation of viral particles was obtained. This procedure was adapted to the thymus by dissociation of thymic cells by treatment with trypsin (instead of homogenization), followed by fractional centrifugation. The abundance of virus and the neoplastic transformation of lymphocytes in the thymus may be related to the presence of a specific factor in this organ.
Digital Divided or Digital Provided? The Effective Supply of Information and the Farm-gate Price:An Empirical Study from Micro-level

The effective supply of information is the key factor to help farmers get rid of digital divided and enjoy digital provided.This paper discusses the impact of SMS-based Agricultural Information on farm-gate price of farmers,and analyzes the internal mechanism.In order to reduce endogeneity,we apply propensity score matching.The results prove that the use of SMS-based agricultural information does have statistically significant effect on farmgate price.But the impact is only effective for perishable products(cowpea). In the future,the timely,accurate and effective information provided will be the key factor for the agricultural informatization construction in China.
A 2 Gb NAND flash memory with 0.044 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell size using 90 nm flash technology

A manufacturable 2 Gb NAND flash memory with 0.044 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell size, which is the smallest cell size ever reported in semiconductor memory, is successfully developed with 90 nm NAND flash technology for high density file storage application. The three main key technology features of 90 nm NAND flash technology are advanced KrF lithography with off-axis illumination system equipped with a dipole aperture, reduced stack height of cell, and optimized gate reoxidation affecting tunnel oxide profile.
Impact of ivermectin on illness and disability associated with onchocerciasis

The Onchocerciasis Control Program (OCP), one of the most successful vertical disease control programs in the history of public health, came to an end in 2003 with devolvement of responsibilities for control program activities passed to the countries affected. Fortunately, 15 years ago the Mectizan® Distribution Program (MDP) was founded to provide a complementary approach to controlling the disabling consequences of this parasitic infection. With over 250 million doses of ivermectin distributed over the past 15 years, the MDP is well on its way to both solidifying the progress made by the OCP and extending program reach well beyond the boundaries of the OCP. Through the extensive clinical testing protocols implemented in a variety of countries in Aftica, ivermectin has been proven to be a safe and highly effective treatment for onchocerciasis. Regular distribution to populations living in endemic areas has demonstrated significant reductions in blinding ocular complications, transmission, and disability caused by onchocercal skin disease. As yet undocumented, are the likely significant impact regular population dosing with ivermectin has on intestinal helminth infections, lymphatic filariasis, and human scabies infection. While there are significant barriers to continued program success, focussed attention on expanding and improving community‐directed ivermectin distribution is likely to lead to further progress against this resilient infection.
Infection with a plant virus modifies vector feeding behavior

Vector infection by some animal-infecting parasites results in altered feeding that enhances transmission. Modification of vector behavior is of broad adaptive significance, as parasite fitness relies on passage to a new host, and vector feeding is nearly always essential for transmission. Although several plant viruses infect their insect vectors, we have shown that vector infection by a plant virus alters feeding behavior. Here we show that infection with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), type member of the only plant-infecting genus in the Bunyaviridae, alters the feeding behavior of its thrips vector, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Male thrips infected with TSWV fed more than uninfected males, with the frequency of all feeding behaviors increasing by up to threefold, thus increasing the probability of virus inoculation. Importantly, infected males made almost three times more noningestion probes (probes in which they salivate, but leave cells largely undamaged) compared with uninfected males. A functional cell is requisite for TSWV infection and cell-to-cell movement; thus, this behavior is most likely to establish virus infection. Some animal-infecting members of the Bunyaviridae (La Crosse virus and Rift Valley fever virus) also cause increased biting rates in infected vectors. Concomitantly, these data support the hypothesis that capacity to modify vector feeding behavior is a conserved trait among plant- and animal-infecting members of the Bunyaviridae that evolved as a mechanism to enhance virus transmission. Our results underscore the evolutionary importance of vector behavioral modification to diverse parasites with host ranges spanning both plant and animal kingdoms.
Subspace Clustering via Optimal Direction Search

This letter presents a new spectral-clustering-based approach to the subspace clustering problem. Underpinning the proposed method is a convex program for optimal direction search, which for each data point <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{d}$</tex-math></inline-formula> finds an optimal direction in the span of the data that has minimum projection on the other data points and nonvanishing projection on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{d}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The obtained directions are subsequently leveraged to identify a neighborhood set for each data point. An alternating direction method of multipliers framework is provided to efficiently solve for the optimal directions. The proposed method is shown to often outperform the existing subspace clustering methods, particularly for unwieldy scenarios involving high levels of noise and close subspaces, and yields the state-of-the-art results for the problem of face clustering using subspace segmentation.
Polymorphism in the &bgr;2-Adrenergic Receptor and Lipoprotein Lipase Genes as Risk Determinants for Idiopathic Venous Thromboembolism: A Multilocus, Population-Based, Prospective Genetic Analysis

Background— Candidate genes in inflammation, thrombosis, coagulation, and lipid metabolism pathways have been implicated in venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods and Results— Using DNA samples collected at baseline in the Physicians’ Health Study cohort, we genotyped 92 polymorphisms from 56 candidate genes among 304 individuals who subsequently developed VTE (144 idiopathic, 156 secondary cases) and among 2070 individuals who remained free of reported vascular disease over a mean follow-up of 13.2 years to prospectively determine whether these gene polymorphisms contribute to the risk of VTE. For idiopathic VTE, in addition to the factor V (Leiden) mutation (odds ratio [OR], 5.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.24 to 8.14; P<0.0001; false discovery rate [FDR], P<0.0001), an N291S lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.56 to 6.09; P=0.001; FDR, P=0.036) and a Q27E &bgr;2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.79; P=0.006; FDR, P=0.036) were found to be significantly associated with increased risk. For secondary VTE, a Q360H apolipoprotein A4 gene polymorphism (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.65; P=0.001; FDR, P=0.07) and an I50V interleukin-4 receptor polymorphism (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.84; P=0.0009; FDR, P=0.07) were moderately, but not statistically and significantly, associated with reduced risk after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Conclusions– These present findings are hypothesis generating and require replication and confirmation in an independent investigation.
Language proficiency assessment of English L2 speakers based on joint analysis of prosody and native language

In this work, we present an in-depth analysis of the interdependency between the non-native prosody and the native language (L1) of English L2 speakers, as separately investigated in the Degree of Nativeness Task and the Native Language Task of the INTERSPEECH 2015 and 2016 Computational Paralinguistics ChallengE (ComParE). To this end, we propose a multi-task learning scheme based on auxiliary attributes for jointly learning the tasks of L1 classification and prosody score regression. The effectiveness of this scheme is demonstrated in extensive experimental runs, comparing various standardised feature sets of prosodic, cepstral, spectral, and voice quality descriptors, as well as automatic feature selection. In the result, we show that the prediction of both prosody score and L1 can be improved by considering both tasks in a holistic way. In particular, we achieve an 11% relative gain in regression performance (Spearman's correlation coefficient) on prosody scores, when comparing the best multi- and single-task learning results.
Multifunctionality is affected by interactions between green roof plant species, substrate depth, and substrate type

Summary Green roofs provide ecosystem services through evapotranspiration and nutrient cycling that depend, among others, on plant species, substrate type, and substrate depth. However, no study has assessed thoroughly how interactions between these factors alter ecosystem functions and multifunctionality of green roofs. We simulated some green roof conditions in a pot experiment. We planted 20 plant species from 10 genera and five families (Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Crassulaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae) on two substrate types (natural vs. artificial) and two substrate depths (10 cm vs. 30 cm). As indicators of major ecosystem functions, we measured aboveground and belowground biomasses, foliar nitrogen and carbon content, foliar transpiration, substrate water retention, and dissolved organic carbon and nitrates in leachates. Interactions between substrate type and depth strongly affected ecosystem functions. Biomass production was increased in the artificial substrate and deeper substrates, as was water retention in most cases. In contrast, dissolved organic carbon leaching was higher in the artificial substrates. Except for the Fabaceae species, nitrate leaching was reduced in deep, natural soils. The highest transpiration rates were associated with natural soils. All functions were modulated by plant families or species. Plant effects differed according to the observed function and the type and depth of the substrate. Fabaceae species grown on natural soils had the most noticeable patterns, allowing high biomass production and high water retention but also high nitrate leaching from deep pots. No single combination of factors enhanced simultaneously all studied ecosystem functions, highlighting that soil–plant interactions induce trade‐offs between ecosystem functions. Substrate type and depth interactions are major drivers for green roof multifunctionality.
The relative anthelmintic efficacy of plant-derived cysteine proteinases on intestinal nematodes

Abstract We examined the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of plant cysteine proteinases (CPs) derived from pineapple (Ananas comosus) and kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa), and compared their efficacy as anthelmintics to the known effects of CPs from the latex of papaya (Carica papaya) against the rodent intestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri. Both fruit bromelain and stem bromelain had significant in vitro detrimental effects on H. bakeri but in comparison, actinidain from kiwi fruit had very little effect. However, in vivo trials indicated far less efficacy of stem bromelain and fruit bromelain than that expected from the in vitro experiments (24.5% and 22.4% reduction in worm burdens, respectively) against H. bakeri. Scanning electron microscopy revealed signs of cuticular damage on worms incubated in fruit bromelain, stem bromelain and actinidain, but this was far less extensive than on those incubated in papaya latex supernatant. We conclude that, on the basis of presently available data, CPs derived from pineapples and kiwi fruits are not suitable for development as novel anthelmintics for intestinal nematode infections.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Down-Regulates Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in a Diabetic and Nondiabetic Rat Carotid Artery Injury Model

Diabetes is associated with an increase in circulating advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) and the increased expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Inhibition of AGE/RAGE binding through the administration of soluble RAGE (sRAGE) has been shown to decrease neointimal hyperplasia. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, has been shown to decrease RAGE expression in cultured endothelial cells. We hypothesized that PPARγ agonists inhibit neointimal hyperplasia via down-regulation of RAGE in vivo. Pretreatment of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone significantly down-regulated RAGE expression and inhibited SMC proliferation in response to the RAGE agonist S100/calgranulins. In vivo studies showed that rosiglitazone decreased RAGE expression and SMC proliferation at 7 days following carotid arterial injury in both diabetic and nondiabetic rats. At 21 days following injury, neointimal formation was significantly decreased in both diabetic and nondiabetic animals that received rosiglitazone. To determine whether inhibition of neointimal formation by PPARγ activation could fully be accounted for by its down-regulation of RAGE, we compared the results obtained in animals treated with sRAGE, PPARγ activator, and sRAGE + PPARγ activator. Consistent with PPARγ working through its effects on RAGE, we found that the addition of PPARγ activator to sRAGE did not result in any further decrease in neointimal formation. These data demonstrate for the first time that PPARγ agonists inhibit RAGE expression at sites of arterial injury and suggest that down-regulation of RAGE by the PPARγ activation inhibits neointimal formation in response to arterial injury.
Entrepreneurial Team Composition Characteristics and New Venture Performance: A Meta–Analysis

Upper echelon theory highlights the importance of top management teams in large and established firms; however, effects are not always clear outside of this context. Due to the unique nature of new ventures, the composition of entrepreneurial teams and its effects on performance is worthy of investigation. Accordingly, we meta–analyze the effect of three characteristics of entrepreneurial team composition (i.e., aggregated, heterogeneity, team size) on new venture performance. Our meta–analysis, which includes 55 empirical samples and 8,892 observations, finds significant and unique effects of entrepreneurial team characteristics on new ventures. Based on our findings, we derive avenues for future research.
Study of Columnar Defect Formation in MOD YBCO Film Using Chemical Doping

This paper describes a promising route to introduce columnar defects into YBCO films by chemical doping process. A series of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and BaZrO<sub>3</sub> doped YBCO films were fabricated by a TFA_MOD process. The J<sub>c</sub> of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doped YBCO film was found to be larger than that of pure YBCO film at all fields though no columnar defects were observed. On the other hand, high density nanoscale Zr enriched columnar defects were successfully achieved in Zr-doped YBCO. The size of these defects was as small as 10 nm. Effects of heat treatment temperatures (760<sup>deg</sup>C ~ 820<sup>deg</sup>C), dwell times (0.5 h ~ 3 h) and partial pressures of oxygen (0 ~ 1%) on defects formation in BaZrO<sub>3</sub> doped YBCO were investigated. It was found that the formation of columnar defects depends on process conditions. Films with such nanoscale columnar defects exhibited a significant enhancement of J<sub>c</sub> at all fields. Maximum pinning force density exceeding 8 GN m<sup>-3</sup> was obtained in 5% BZO-doped YBCO films.
Laser Assisted Zona Thinning Versus the Conventional Mechanical Method for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in ICSI Programs

To assess if laser zonal thinning prior to ICSI will improve oocyte survival, fertilization, blastocyst formation, decrease degeneration of oocytes and increase pregnancy rate or not. It was a randomized controlled trial conducted at Specialized Fertility Reproductive Science Centre (Dar El Maraa) and included 364 women who were subjected to treat their infertility by ICSI, over a 2-year period, between September 2013 and September 2015. Participants were randomly assigned following simple randomization procedures (computerized random numbers) into 2 treatment groups (conventional ICSI) control group and (laser ICSI) treatment group. Results of the trial were assisted including comparisons of oocyte fertilization and degeneration rates and blastocyst formation rates and biochemical pregnancy rate. 364 cycles were done and inseminated in accordance of the study design. The mean fertilization rate was 78.9% for C ICSI (conventional ICSI) and 75 % for LA ICSI (laser ICSI), the mean blastocyst formation rate 45.2% in C ICSI and 44.4 % for LA ICSI, the mean oocyte degeneration rate of 12.6% for C ICSI and 11.4 % for LA ICSI, mean embryo cell number on day 3 was 5.5 % for C ICSI and 5.7 % on day 3 for LA ICSI, mean degree of embryo fragmentation was 10.6% on day 3 for C ICSI and 9% on day 3 for LA ICSI. Mean pregnancy rate in C ICSI 95% and 97 % for LA ICSI with no significant difference were observed for any of the measured outcomes variables.