Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novice rural principals’ successful leadership practices in financial management: Multiple accountabilities

Research studies on financial management in South African public schools expands recurrent literature, most of which have largely pathologised school leadership and management, and rural schools in particular. This article instead draws from a qualitative case study of success, which examined how five novice principals in a rural setting went beyond the prescriptive administrative requirements to generate context-responsive and creative ways of managing school finances, working with the parent community, with educational peers and the departmental policies to activate situated relevant governance relations. The data is drawn from interviews and documents produced within the setting. Our findings reveal a new set of accountability relations, which counter the hierarchical relations between schools and the community, or between the department and the rural context. These principals began a trajectory of overt training in financial management to ensure their own and collaborating participants’ clarity and involvement in a participative management approach. Whilst the school-formulated policies serve as a backdrop to the terms of operations, these principals generate multiple accountabilities in their role as chief financial officers. The study recognises vertical, horizontal and downward accountabilities, which are underpinned by self-driven motivation, moral integrity and social developmental responsibilities. Rather than being a pathological problem, school financial management offers policy and practice potential to develop co-responsible governance. Keywords : financial management; financially accountability; multiple accountabilities; novice principals; school finances; successful schools
Optimal Size of Government in Turkey

This paper examines the relationship between a size of the government and the economic growth and estimates the optimal size of the government for Turkey by using two different specifications. We find that the optimal size of the central government varies from 8.8 (15.4) to 9.1 (17) percent of GDP for 1950-2012 (1970-2012) period, depending on the specification. The optimal size of the central government expenditures excluding the interest payments is 14.4 percent of GDP. The actual rates have been well above the estimated optimal ones for a long time. The results of our quadratic specification also suggest that Armey curve is valid for Turkey during the period examined. We find that the estimated optimal sizes of the government from different specifications are consistent with each other, but there is a substantial variation in the size when different time periods are used. This shows that Armey curve is sensitive to change in the time periods. Our results clearly point out that the Turkish government should cut its expenditures in order to have a growth maximizinzing size.
Demography of Cycas micronesica on Guam following introduction of the armoured scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui

Abstract: Following the 2003 invasion of the armoured scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui to Guam, changes to population traits of the dominant Cycas micronesica were determined. Belt transects with a width of 4 m and an average length of 120 m were established in October 2004 to document plant mortality until January 2011. Stem height, basal diameter and leaf number were also measured for each plant and used to determine density, demography and allometric relationships. Allometric traits and a left-skewed demographic structure of the pre-invasion C. micronesica habitat documented a thriving population with high recruitment potential. Aulacaspis yasumatsui dispersed into the study site 4 mo after the initial census. All seedlings were killed within 9 mo and all juvenile plants were killed within 40 ± 10 mo. Mortality reached 92% by 6 y after chronic scale infestations. Allometry and demography of the 2011 survivors described a collapsing C. micronesica population of stressed and reproductively challenged trees with no recruitment. This classic example of the enemy release hypothesis has resulted in a homogeneous decline in plant density from 2007–2011. The trend predicts extirpation of C. micronesica from west Guam habitats by 2019.
Influence of Saline Irrigation Water and Composted Tomato Residues on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Table Beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) Plant Grown on Sandy Loamy Soil

A pot experiment was conducted during the two successive winter s easons of 2005 and 2006 to i nvestigate t he response of Table beet to sali nity and com post of tomato re sidues. Irrigation wat er treatments included: a t ap water ( EC, 210 ppm), saline wat er i rrigation (E C, 4000, 6000 and 8000 ppm). Compost w as a lso applied at 0, 5 and 10 ton/acre. R esults revealed that ap plication of co mpost to the soil resulted in reduce d soil EC and SAR, w ith a sharp decrease in t he co ncentration of Ca , Mg , Na and +2 +2 + 34 Cl and increase of K , HCO and SO in soil by increasing compost application. Data revealed t hat -+ - - 2 leaves and tubers yield slightly decreased with i ncreasing wat er s alinity up to 4000 ppm. Moreover, significant reduction were noticed when Table beet plants were subjected to the high a level of salinization (6000 and 8000 ppm). T he maximum growth r eduction in leaves a nd tuber yie lds o ccurred due salinity at 8000 ppm (42.3 and 39.2 %, respectively, reduction co mpared with t ap water i n 10 ton co mpost/acre). Tuber yie ld was le ss a ffected than leaves yields. C ompost a pplication caused yield enhancement at all salinity levels.Salinity diminished N, P and K content of plants to some extent in o ur stud y. U nder salt- stressed condition, t he uptake of N , P and K by p lants w as g enerally affected. In creasing compost lev els increased N, P and K content of plants.
High data volume seismology: Surviving the avalanche

High Data Volume Seismology: Surviving the Avalanche Henry Philip Crotwell Seismic data volumes have increased in the past twenty years with the Incorporated Research Institutes for Seismology’s Data Management Center currently archiving upwards of 14 terabytes per year and this trend will continue (Ahern, 2006). Data volumes are quickly reaching the point at which the individual seismologist can be overwhelmed with the avalanche of data. We present three studies at the intersection of seismology and software development that aim to enable more efficient use of data by practicing seismologists. The first is the TauP Toolkit which calculates the travel times of seismic waves through custom one dimensional earth models. TauP also allows almost arbitrary phases to be used and is incorporated into a wide variety of seismology software. TauP is available at http://www.seis. sc.edu/TauP. The second is a study of the compression of seismic data, allowing more efficient storage and transmission. We find that the predictive operator used can have a significant effect on the compression used, and in many cases second differencing can be noticeably better than first differencing. The last is the EarthScope Automated Receiver Survey, which aims to calculate bulk crustal properties for all three component broadband seismic stations available in the US in a highly automated manner. Because of the high degree of automation, the project has been extended to calculated crustal thickness and Vp/Vs for global stations as well. Results are available at http://www.seis. sc.edu/ears. Dissertation Director: Dr. Thomas J. Owens
Toward a Path-Integral Description of Inequivalent Quantizations

A possible direction of constructing a path-integral description of inequivalent quantizations on coset spaces is discussed. The subject of quantizations on manifolds (isomorphic to coset spaces G/H) was pioneered by Mackey [1] in 60's and further developed by others (see [2]). However, it renewed its interest rather recently when Landsman and Linden [3] discovered that the inequivalent quantizations found by Mackey entail a ~ackground YangMills potential on the coset space when dynamics is taken into account. Essentially the same conclusion was drawn more recently by Ohnuki and Kitakado [4] in an independent attempt to quantizing on manifolds (see also [5]). All of these studies are based on group theoretical ideas which, roughly speaking, generalize the conventional canonical quantization procedure so that the new approach can accommodate those manifolds of consideration. However, as mentioned in [2], the obvious drawback of this approach is that extension to field theories is extremely difficult, given that the groups underlying those cases are infinite dimensional and their representation theory hardly known. To remedy this drawback, it is desireble (and perhaps natural) to develop a path-integral formalism of the inequivalent quantizations in place of the 'operator formalism' mentioned above. In view of this, in [6] a path-integral desciption was argued intending to reproduce the results of the operator formalism and at the same time admit an immediate extention to field theories. The essense of the argument in [6] is that, if one is to get the many inequivalent quantizations on the coset space from Dirac's constraint point of view, one has to allow the constraints to be modified in character from first class to a mixture of first and second class. Once this 'anomalous' behaviour of the constraints is accepted, one can readily re-derive the inequivalent quantum theories where the induced Yang-Mills potentials appear.
Exploring Transnational Realities in the Lives of Faroese Youngsters

Abstract Faced with the reality of youth out-migration in many Northern peripheral areas, there is a need to consider out-migration from a cultural practice viewpoint. I argue that the emergence of a transnational perspective in young people is a key feature of the Faroe Islands’ culture of migration, and that the young people come to have a transnational perspective, even before they become transnationals. Therefore, migration can be viewed as a defining characteristic of growing up in the Faroe Islands. Based on interviews with youngsters in two age groups, 14-15 years old and 18-24 years old, this study explores how young people construct their futures in a culture of migration. More specifically, the study focuses on the building of transnational life paths as a deeply embedded phenomenon for young people in constructing the trajectory to adulthood.
ModuleInducer: automating the extraction of knowledge from biological sequences

In the past decade, fast advancements have been made in the sequencing, digitalization and collection of the biological data. However the bottleneck remains at the point of analysis and extraction of patterns from the data. We have developed a method that is aimed at widening this bottleneck by automating the knowledge extraction from the biological data. Our approach is aimed at discovering patterns in a set of DNA sequences based on the location of transcription factor binding sites or any other biological markers with the emphasis of discovering relationships. A variety of statistical and computational methods exists to analyze such data. However, they either require an initial hypothesis, which is later tested, or classify the data based on its attributes. Our approach does not require an initial hypothesis and the classification it produces is based on the relationships between attributes. The value of such approach is that is is able to uncover new knowledge about the data by inducing a general theory based on basic known rules. The core of our approach lies in an inductive logic programming engine, which, based on positive and negative examples as well as background knowledge, is able to induce a descriptive, human-readable theory, describing the data. An application provides an end-to-end analysis of DNA sequences. A simple to use Web interface accepts a set of related sequences to be analyzed, set of negative example sequences to contrast the main set (optional), and a set of possible genetic markers as position-specific scoring matrices. A Java-based backend formats the sequences, determines the location of the genetic markers inside them and passes the information to the ILP engine, which induces the theory. The model, assumed in our background knowledge, is a set of basic interactions between biological markers in any DNA sequence. This makes our approach applicable to analyze a wide variety of biological problems, including detection of cis-regulatory modules and analysis of ChIP-Sequencing experiments. We have evaluated our method in the context of such applications on two real world datasets as well as a number of specially designed synthetic datasets. The approach has shown to have merit even in situations when no significant classification could be determined.
Correlation between plant distribution and edaphic factors in coastal plains of Jazan region, Saudi Arabia

Article history: Received on: 05/05/2015 Revised on: 28/05/2015 Accepted on: 12/06/2015 Available online: 20/06/2015 Ecological relations between plant distribution and edaphic factors in coastal plains were recorded in 45 stands (20 x 20 m each) distributed of Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. The main aim of this study was to examine the spatial pattern of vegetation and relationship between vegetation composition and environmental factors on Jazan area. The present study provides quantitative estimates of the vegetation structure and the distribution of the plant communities in coastal plains of Jazan region in relation to the soil properties. The environmental data included elevation, slope degree and exposure. Analysis data involved two steps: classification (using TWINSPAN) and ordination ( using CANOCO). The factors affecting the species distribution and correlation between the vegetation gradients and the edaphic variables are discussed. Ten major community types constitute the major part of the natural vegetation of the study area and are dominated by ten perennials: Acacia tortilis (Forssk.)Hayne. , Suaeda monoica Forssk. , Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. , Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. , Ziziphus spina-christi (L.)Willd. , Panicum turgidum Forssk. , Salvadora persica L. , Calotropis procera (willd) R. Br. , Tephrosia apollinea (Del.) and Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk)Decne. The complex interaction of different environmental factors in relation to edaphic variables leads to variation of habitat types and different plant distribution communities. Data analysis showed that pH, moisture, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, calcium carbonate, bicarbonate, soil cations: sodium, potassium, calcium, and the sodium adsorption ratio are the main operating edaphic factors in jazan area. The results of this study confirm that the study area is a subtropical desert and belongs floristically to the Sudanian territory and also that therophytes are the most frequent lif-form in this region.
Changes in hepatic metabolic enzyme activities and biliary excretion of 4-nitrophenol in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Activity of hepatic metabolic enzymes of glucuronidation and sulfation of 4-nitrophenol (PNP) and biliary excretion of its glucuronide (PNP-G) and sulfate (PNP-S) conjugates have been investigated in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. 500 μM PNP solution was luminally perfused in a cannulated jejunal loop for 90 minutes. It was found that biliary excretion of PNP-G was significantly decreased in the diabetic rats. This effect of STZ could be completely reversed by administration of rapid-acting insulin. Activity of hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase and β-glucuronidase was also depressed by the STZ pretreatment. Administration of insulin antagonized the inhibitory action of STZ on UDP-glucuronyltransferase, but the reduced activity of β-glucuronidase was not reversed. Biliary excretion of PNP-S was also depressed in the diabetic rats. Whereas, different effects of insulin administration were observed. Namely, the lower biliary excretion rate of PNP-S was not changed after administration of insulin. Activity of the sulfotransferase and the arylsulfatase enzymes was not altered either by STZ pretreatment or by insulin administration. Biliary excretion of PNP was also significantly depressed by STZ and this depression was not changed after insulin administration. The results call attention to hepatobiliary circulation of low molecular weight xenobiotics and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates.
Personal Meaning of Wheelchair Rugby Participation by Five Male Athletes

This phenomenological study explored the meaning of wheelchair rugby participation as expressed by five athletes. Themes emerged from their stories about perceived positive outcomes in physical health, psychosocial well-being, expression of an athlete identity, and hold meaning related to playing a full contact sport. The study findings demonstrate the importance and value of sport participation for persons with tetraplegia. These findings support the use of adapted sport as an impactful intervention when working with persons with spinal cord injury.
Embryotoxic and histopathological investigations of in-ovo inoculation of aflatoxigenic fungal extracts in chicken embryos.

Received: Revised: Accepted: December 31, 2014 September 02, 2015 October 04, 2015 The present study was executed to investigate the embryotoxic effect of in-ovo inoculation of aflatoxigenic fungal extracts isolated from poultry feed and its ingredients. A total of 12 aflatoxigenic fungal isolates were randomly selected for determination of their embryo toxicity potential. The extract of each fungal isolate containing 10 and 100 ng/egg aflatoxin (AF), from each isolate were separately injected through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route into 12 embryos (96 hours old). The parameters studied included embryo mortality, hatchability, body weight, relative organ weights, gross and histopathological lesions. A variable degree of mortality and hatchability was observed in embryos administered same dose of AF produced by different isolates. However, calculations based upon the concentration of AFB1 in each dose revealed high mortality in embryos receiving higher amount of AFB1 compared with those receiving lower amount of AFB1. Embryonic mortality was 25.00 and 66.67% in embryos which received 0.00 and 9.83 ng/egg AFB1, respectively. In one case, however, 16.67% mortality was present in embryos which received 2.19 ng/egg AFB1. Similarly in AF 100 group, embryonic mortality reached 100% in embryos receiving above 90 ng/egg AFB1. For eggs receiving AFB1 between 78.83 and 84.64 ng/egg, morality was 50 and 83.3%, respectively. All the treatment groups had significantly higher relative weight of liver and kidney than control. Fatty change and individual cell necrosis were significantly higher in AF-100 compared with AF-10 group. In kidneys, congestion and tubular necrosis were significantly higher in AF-100 than that in AF-10 group. Microscopically, liver and kidneys showed severe changes in chicks produced from eggs of high dose groups compared with those of low dose groups suggesting a dose related response. In conclusion inoculation of aflatoxigenic fungal extracts leads to high embryonic mortality and embryonic toxicity. ©2015 PVJ. All rights reserved
The Impact of Context Collapse and Privacy on Social Network Site Disclosures

A large body of research argues that self-presentation strategies vary based on audience. But what happens when the technical features of Web sites enable—or even require—users to make personal disclosures to multiple audiences at once, as is often the case on social network sites (SNSs)? Do users apply a lowest common denominator approach, only making disclosures that are appropriate for all audience members? Do they employ technological tools to disaggregate audiences? When considering the resources that can be harnessed from SNS interactions, researchers suggest users need to engage with their network in order to reap benefits. The present study presents a model including network composition, disclosures, privacy-based strategies, and social capital. Results indicate that (1) audience size and diversity impacts disclosures and use of advanced privacy settings, (2) privacy concerns and privacy settings impact disclosures in varying ways; and (3) audience and disclosure characteristics predict bridging social capital.
RACE IDENTIFICATION OF PYRENOPHORA TRITICI-REPENTIS IN IRAN

SUMMARY Tan spot is a destructive foliar disease of wheat caused by the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Recently, tan spot has become a serious problem in the northern parts of Iran, where it causes severe yield losses. The objective of this study was to identify the physiological races of P. tritici-repentis in Iran, and to test isolates from this country for the presence of the toxin-encoding genes ToxA and ToxB. In total, 184 isolates were collected from two provinces, Golestan and Mazandaran, near the Caspian Sea. The virulence of 48 of these isolates was evaluated on four differential wheat genotypes. Race 1 was predominant and represented 90% of the tested isolates, while the remaining 10% were classified as race 2. No other races were identified. ToxA- and ToxB -specific primers were used in a PCR-based analysis to detect the presence of these genes in the Iranian isolates. The ToxA gene was amplified from all of the isolates evaluated, while no amplicon was obtained from any of the isolates with the ToxB -specific primers. The presence of ToxA and absence of ToxB is consistent with the race designation of the isolates. The ToxA sequence from 10 isolates selected, based on geographical origin, was found to be identical, and also shared 100% identity with other ToxA sequences from P. tritici-repentis in GenBank. This is the first study of the race structure of P. tritici-repentis in Iran.
Diversity, Challenges and Potentials of Enset (Ensete ventricosum) Production: In Case of Offa Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The main objectives of the study were to investigate the existing diversity of enset clones selected for different purposes; its challenges and contribution of enset production for sustainable livelihood security of the rural community in the study area. The result revealed that farmers were rich in diversity in that they grow various types of clones in the same farm for their intended purposes. Among diverse enset clones grown in the area, the top 5 clones which are selected for kocho, workey and bulla include halla, falakiya, tuzuma,nakaka and gena . Similarly, clones selected for amicho (corm) include arkiya, nakaka, gena, chichiya and peluwa ; and those selected for fiber include halla, falakiya, tuzuma, maziya, and argama . Generally, clones halla, nakaka, tuzuma, maziya and kekeruwa are some of the clones of multipurpose. Enset plays a vital role in contributing food and livelihood security of majority of the society in the study area. In line with this, about 63% of the sample farmers reported that the yield of enset is higher than other major crops including root and tuber crops produced in the area. Farmers identified the major challenges and about 55% of the sample farmers indicated that land shortage was the 1 st serious problem in the area followed by disease and recurrent drought which account for about 16% and 14.7%, respectively. Therefore, critical reduction of enset production and its diversity calls for future collective action to generate new technology in every aspect including production, processing and extension services to utilize the crop potential. Furthermore, clone of multipurpose such as halla, nakaka and tuzuma need to be promoted further to utilize crop potential and to contribute for sustainable livelihood security of rural people. Keywords: enset, clone, yield, challenges, diversity, Sustainable and livelihood