Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of dissociating cytosolic calcium and metabolic rate on intracellular PO2 kinetics in single frog myocytes

The purpose of this investigation was to utilize 2,3‐butanedione monoxime (BDM; an inhibitor of contractile activation) to dissociate cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]c) from the putative respiratory regulators that arise from muscle contraction‐induced ATP utilization in order to determine the relative contribution of [Ca2+]c on intracellular PO2 (PiO2) kinetics during the transition from rest to contractions in single skeletal myocytes isolated from Xenopus laevis lumbrical muscle. Myocytes were subjected to electrically induced isometric tetanic contractions (0.25 Hz; 2‐min bouts) while peak tension and either [Ca2+]c (n= 7; ratiometric fluorescence microscopy) or PiO2 (n= 7; phosphorescence microscopy) was measured continuously. Cells were studied under both control and 3 mm BDM conditions in randomized order. Initial (control, 100 ± 0%; BDM, 72.6 ± 4.6%), midpoint (control, 86.7 ± 1.8%; BDM, 61.6 ± 4.1%) and end (control, 85.0 ± 2.8%; BDM, 57.5 ± 5.0%) peak tensions (normalized to initial control values) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) with BDM compared with control (n= 14). Despite the reduced peak tension, peak [Ca2+]c was not altered (P > 0.05) between control and BDM trials. Thus, the peak tension‐to‐peak [Ca2+]c ratio was reduced with BDM compared with control. The absolute fall in PiO2 with contractions, which is proportional to the rise in , was significantly reduced with BDM (13.2 ± 1.3 mmHg) compared with control (22.0 ± 2.0 mmHg). However, PiO2 onset kinetics (i.e. mean response time (MRT)) was not altered between BDM (66.8 ± 8.0 s) and control (64.9 ± 6.3 s) trials. Therefore, the initial rate of change (defined as the fall in PiO2/MRT) was significantly slower in BDM fibres compared with control. These data demonstrate in these isolated single skeletal muscle fibres that unchanged peak [Ca2+]c in the face of reduced metabolic feedback from the contractile sites evoked with BDM did not alter PiO2 onset kinetics in isolated single frog myocytes, suggesting that metabolic signals arising from the contractile sites play a more substantial role than [Ca2+]c in the signalling pathway to oxidative phosphorylation during the transition from rest to repeated tetanic contractions.
Abrogation of the Postmitotic Checkpoint Contributes to Polyploidization in Human Papillomavirus E7-Expressing Cells

ABSTRACT High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are considered the major causative agents of cervical carcinoma. The transforming ability of HPV resides in the E6 and E7 oncogenes, yet the pathway to transformation is not well understood. Cells expressing the oncogene E7 from high-risk HPVs have a high incidence of polyploidy, which has been shown to occur as an early event in cervical carcinogenesis and predisposes the cells to aneuploidy. The mechanism through which E7 contributes to polyploidy is not known. It has been hypothesized that E7 induces polyploidy in response to mitotic stress by abrogating the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. It was also proposed that E7 may stimulate rereplication to induce polyploidy. We have tested these hypotheses by using human epithelial cells in which E7 expression induces a significant amount of polyploidy. We find that E7-expressing cells undergo normal mitoses with an intact spindle assembly checkpoint and that they are able to complete cytokinesis. Our results also exclude DNA rereplication as a major mechanism of polyploidization in E7-expressing cells upon microtubule disruption. Instead, we have shown that while normal cells arrest at the postmitotic checkpoint after adaptation to the spindle assembly checkpoint, E7-expressing cells replicate their DNA and propagate as polyploid cells. Thus, abrogation of the postmitotic checkpoint leads to polyploidy formation in E7-expressing human epithelial cells. Our results suggest that downregulation of pRb is important for E7 to induce polyploidy and abrogation of the postmitotic checkpoint.
Productivity change and decomposition analysis of Japanese regional economies

ABSTRACT This study examines the productivity growth and its four components for Japanese regional economies by analyzing 47 prefectures for the period 1995–2012. The productivity changes are measured by the Hicks–Moorsteen–Bjurek productivity growth, and the four components consist of technical change, efficiency change, scale change, and input and output mix effects. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is applied to the measurement. From the results, this study provides two policy recommendations for Japan’s new economic growth strategy, which are associated with (1) government support for the diffusion of advanced technology over regions and (2) the creation and development of unique innovation by regional industries.
Word Use in the Poetry of Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Poets

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether distinctive features of language could be discerned in the poems of poets who committed suicide and to test two suicide models by use of a text-analysis program. Method Approximately 300 poems from the early, middle, and late periods of nine suicidal poets and nine nonsuicidal poets were compared by use of the computer text analysis program, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC). Language use within the poems was analyzed within the context of two suicide models. Results In line with a model of social integration, writings of suicidal poets contained more words pertaining to the individual self and fewer words pertaining to the collective than did those of nonsuicidal poets. In addition, the direction of effects for words pertaining to communication was consistent with the social integration model of suicide. Conclusions The study found support for a model that suggests that suicidal individuals are detached from others and are preoccupied with self. Furthermore, the findings suggest that linguistic predictors of suicide can be discerned through text analysis.
The cell envelope structure of the lipopolysaccharide-lacking gram-negative bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis

From the cell envelope preparation of Sphingomonas paucimobilis two membrane fractions with different densities were separated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The high-density fraction contained several major proteins, phospholipids, and glycosphingolipids, which are the only glycolipids of this lipopolysaccharide-lacking gram-negative bacterium. The low-density fraction showed many minor bands of proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and NADH oxidase activity was localized in this fraction. Combined with morphological data of vesicles formed by these membrane fractions, the high-density and low-density fractions were proposed to be an outer membrane and a cytoplasmic membrane, respectively. The localization of the glycosphingolipid was investigated also by means of immunoelectron microscopic analysis using a glycosphingolipid-specific antibody. The glycosphingolipid was shown to localize at the cell envelope, and the antigenic sugar portion was exposed to the bacterial cell surface. From these results the glycosphingolipid was assumed to have a function similar to that of the lipopolysaccharide of other gram-negative bacteria.
Pengaruh Right Issue Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Yang Tercatat Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

ABSTRACT This research aimed to determine whether there is difference in companies’s performance before and after the execution of a rights issue, whether there are differences in companies’s performance which execution of a right issue and the companies that do not, and to analyze whether there is a significant influence on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample is 26 issuer companies and 26 nonissuer companies as a sample comparison in this research. This research uses secondary data sourced from financial statements of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) and conduct a rights issue from 2007 to 2009. The techniques of hypothesis tests that the first hypothesis is paired sample t test, the second hypothesis is independent sample t test, and the third hypothesis is simple regression analysis. The results of this research in that: 1)There is a difference in a company's financial performance proxied by net profit margin before and after execution of the rights issue. While there is no difference in the company's financial performance proxied by the current ratio, debt ratio, total asset turnover, and return on assets before and after execution of the rights issue, 2) There is no difference in financial performance between companies that conduct a rights issue and the companies that do not, and 3) Right issue influences negatively and significant to the company's financial performance by the debt ratio and the net profit margin. But the right issue influences positively and not significant to the financial performance by the current ratio, and return on assets, and right issue influences negatively and not significant to the company's financial performance by total asset turnover Keywords: Right Issue, Current Ratio, Debt Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Return on Assets, and Net Profit Margin
Regulation of glucose transport in human skeletal muscle

Glucose transport, the rate limiting step in glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, is mediated by insulin-sensitive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and can be activated in skeletal muscle by two separate and distinct signalling pathways: one stimulated by insulin and the second by muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle is the principal tissue responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and thus the major site of peripheral insulin resistance. Impaired glucose transport in skeletal muscle leads to impaired whole body glucose uptake, and contributes to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. A combination of genetic and environmental factors is likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the primary defect is still unknown. Intense efforts are underway to define the molecular mechanisms that regulate glucose metabolism in insulin sensitive tissues. This review will present our current understanding of mechanisms regulating glucose transport in skeletal muscle in humans. Elucidation of the pathways involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis will offer insight into the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus and may lead to the identification of biochemical entry points for drug intervention to improve glucose homeostasis.
A Structural Analysis of Energy Intensity Change in Malaysia

This research investigates the changes in Malaysia’s energy intensity for the 2005-2010 period using structural decomposition analysis. Five contributing factors for energy intensity change namely energy mix, sectoral energy efficiency, production structure, final demand structure and final demand components are analysed. Results demonstrate that energy intensity has decreased but only at a minimal level. The prominent factor responsible for the decline was final demand components mainly due to the lower exports of the country as a result of the 2007/2008 global financial crisis. The production structure factor also contributed to a further decline in energy intensity which can be supported by the stronger dominant role played by services sector which is less energy intensive in addition to the lower contribution of manufacturing sector to gross domestic product. A larger decline in energy intensity was dampened by the positive effects demonstrated by the sectoral energy efficiency and final demand structure factors. The energy mix factor has also contributed to an upsurge in energy intensity but only at a minimal extent. Based on the research findings, several policy implications are highlighted to help Malaysia in achieving its sustainable energy use in the future
Why husbands matter: Review of spousal influence on women entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa

This article seeks to advance our understanding of successful women entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa by examining how husbands contribute to women's entrepreneurial activity and performance. Little is known about husbands’ influence in this region, although sub-Saharan women entrepreneurs are deeply embedded in their families and are important drivers of social and economic development. Based on a systematic literature review identifying six recurring types of supportive and constraining spousal influence, we explore the implications for women entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa. We argue that sub-Saharan Africa differs substantially from the context of previous research and derive propositions of how spousal influence is affected by resource-scarce entrepreneurial ecosystems, patriarchal societies and work-family integration. Our propositions illustrate the importance of contextualizing spousal influence and highlight that husbands are critical stakeholders for women entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa.
Secondary Leukemia following Treatment for Hodgkin's Disease

Aims and Background Patients treated for Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy or with the association of chemotherapy and radiotherapy have an increased risk of secondary leukemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the leukemogenic risk due to these treatment modalities. Methods We performed a case-control study on a population of 1410 patients treated for Hodgkin's disease from 1970 to 1990 in our Institute. Among these patients, we identified 25 cases of secondary leukemia and 3 cases of myelodysplasia, all occurring more than one year after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Three cases occurred among the patients treated with radiotherapy alone. When we analyzed the risk in relation to the type of treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or both), the comparisons were relative to patients treated with radiotherapy alone. Results We found that chemotherapy alone is associated with a fivefold increased risk (odds ratio = 5.4) compared with radiotherapy alone. When both treatments are used, the risk is not further increased (odds ratio = 4.4). Patients receiving more than 6 courses of chemotherapy have an excess risk (relative risk = 2.5) compared with those treated with 6 courses or less. No increased risk was observed after splenectomy. Conclusions This study confirms an increased incidence of secondary leukemia occurring in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. The increased risk seems to be correlated with the number of courses of alkylating agent therapy, whereas it is unaffected by the addition of radiotherapy.
PDZK1 Regulates Two Intestinal Solute Carriers (Slc15a1 and Slc22a5) in Mice

Gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of certain therapeutic agents is thought to be mediated by solute carrier (SLC) transporters, although minimal in vivo evidence has been reported. Here, we show key roles of postsynaptic density 95/disk-large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain-containing protein, PDZK1, as a regulatory mechanism of two solute carriers, Slc15a1 (oligopeptide transporter PEPT1) and Slc22a5 (carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN2) in mouse small intestine by using pdzk1 gene knockout (pdzk1–/–) mice. GI absorption of cephalexin, a substrate of PEPT1, after p.o. administration was delayed in pdzk1–/– mice compared with wild-type mice. Absorption of carnitine, a substrate of OCTN2, was also decreased in pdzk1–/– mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the localization of both PEPT1 and OCTN2 at apical membrane of small intestinal epithelial cells in wild-type mice, whereas such apical localization was reduced in pdzk1–/– mice, with a concomitant decrease in their protein levels assessed by Western blotting in intestinal brush-border membranes. Electron microscopy revealed localization of PEPT1 in intracellular vesicular structures in pdzk1–/– mice. In addition, we first identified interaction between PEPT1 and PDZK1 in mouse small intestine and found that PDZK1 stimulates transport activity of PEPT1 by increasing its expression level in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Taken together, the present findings provide direct evidence that PDZK1 regulates two intestinal SLC transporters in vivo as an adaptor protein for these transporters and affects oral absorption of their substrates. These findings also raise the possibility that intestinal absorption of the substrate drugs for PEPT1 and OCTN2 is governed by the protein network of these transporters and their adaptor PDZK1.
Effect of plant oils in the diet on performance and milk fatty acid composition in goats fed diets based on grass hay or maize silage

Based on the potential benefits to long-term human health there is interest in developing sustainable nutritional strategies for reducing saturated and increasing specific unsaturated fatty acids in ruminant milk. The impact of plant oil supplements to diets containing different forages on caprine milk fatty acid composition was examined in two experiments using twenty-seven Alpine goats in replicated 3 × 3 Latin squares with 28 d experimental periods. Treatments comprised of no oil (control) or 130 g/d of sunflower-seed oil (SO) or linseed oil (LO) supplements added to diets based on grass hay (H; experiment 1) or maize silage (M; experiment 2). Milk fat content was enhanced (P < 0·01) on HSO, HLO and MLO compared with the corresponding H or M control diets, resulting in 17, 15 and 14 % increases in milk fat secretion, respectively. For both experiments, plant oils decreased (P < 0·05) milk 10 : 0–16 : 0 and odd- and branched-chain fatty acid content and increased 18 : 0, trans-Δ6–9,11–14,16-18 : 1 (and their corresponding Δ-9 desaturase products), trans-7, trans-9-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), trans-9, trans-11-CLA and trans-8, cis-10-CLA concentrations. Alterations in the distribution of cis-18 : 1, trans-18 : 1, -18 : 2 and CLA isomers in milk fat were related to plant oil composition and forage in the diet. In conclusion, plant oils represent an effective strategy for altering the fatty acid composition of caprine milk, with evidence that the basal diet is an important determinant of ruminal unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the goat.
Family Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Spina Bifida: An Evidence-based Review of Research and Interventions

ABSTRACT. Research on the adjustment of families of children with spina bifida is reviewed, with a focus on delineating the impact of spina bifida on family functioning, the strengths and weaknesses of past research, and the needs for future evidence-based research on family interventions with this population. PsychINFO and MEDLINE literature searches were used to identify studies of family functioning and family-based interventions for children with spina bifida. Identified studies were empirically evaluated for the presence or absence of key methodological or analytic criteria. Thirty-two studies of family functioning were identified from 25 separate research groups; most studies displayed significant methodological limitations. No published studies of interventions to promote adaptive family functioning were identified. Methodologically sound, longitudinal, and theory-driven studies of family functioning are needed, as are randomized family-based intervention trials to promote adaptive functioning and better psychosocial outcomes in families of children with spina bifida. Specific recommendations for future work as well as clinical implications are noted.
Improving Cancer Screening among Women with Mobility Impairments: Randomized Controlled Trial of a Participatory Workshop Intervention

Purpose. To assess the efficacy of an intervention to promote mammography and Papanicolaou (Pap) testing among women with mobility impairments overdue for screenings Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting. Urban and suburban Oregon. Participants. Women aged 35 to 64 with mobility impairments who reported not receiving a Pap test in the past 3 years and/or mammogram (if age > 40 years) in the last 2 years were eligible. A total of 211 women were randomized, and 156 completed the study (26% attrition). The majority were not employed and reported annual income <$10,000. Intervention. The Promoting Access to Health Services (PATHS) program is a 90-minute, small-group, participatory workshop with 6 months of structured telephone support, based on the health belief model and social cognitive theory. Measures. Perceived susceptibility to breast and cervical cancer, perceived benefits of and self-efficacy for screening intention to be screened, and self-reported receipt of mammography and Pap testing. Analysis. Chi-square tests to examine the proportion of women obtaining screening; analysis of covariance to examine change in theoretical mediators. Results. The intervention group received more Pap tests than the control group at posttest (intervention 61 %, control 27%, n = 71, p < .01). No significant group effect was observed for mammography (intervention 49%, control 42%, n = 125, p = .45). Conclusion. Findings indicate that the PATHS intervention promotes Pap testing but not mammography among women with mobility impairments.
Ultralight Metallic Microlattices

A route is developed for fabricating extremely low-density, hollow-strut metallic lattices. Ultralight (<10 milligrams per cubic centimeter) cellular materials are desirable for thermal insulation; battery electrodes; catalyst supports; and acoustic, vibration, or shock energy damping. We present ultralight materials based on periodic hollow-tube microlattices. These materials are fabricated by starting with a template formed by self-propagating photopolymer waveguide prototyping, coating the template by electroless nickel plating, and subsequently etching away the template. The resulting metallic microlattices exhibit densities ρ ≥ 0.9 milligram per cubic centimeter, complete recovery after compression exceeding 50% strain, and energy absorption similar to elastomers. Young’s modulus E scales with density as E ~ ρ2, in contrast to the E ~ ρ3 scaling observed for ultralight aerogels and carbon nanotube foams with stochastic architecture. We attribute these properties to structural hierarchy at the nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter scales.
Settling the Inflation Targeting Debate: Lights from a Meta-Regression Analysis

Inflation targeting (IT) has gained much traction over the past two decades, becoming a framework of reference for the conduct of monetary policy. However, the debate about its very merits and macroeconomic consequences remains inconclusive. This paper digs deeper into the issue through a meta-regression analysis (MRA) of the existing literature, making it the first application of a MRA to the macroeconomic effects of IT adoption. Building on 8,059 estimated coefficients from a very broad sample of 113 studies, the paper finds that the empirical literature suffers from two types of publication bias. First, authors, editors and reviewers prefer results featuring beneficial effects of IT adoption on inflation volatility, real GDP growth and fiscal performances; second, they promote results with estimated coefficients that are significantly different from zero. However, after filtering out the publication biases, we still find meaningful (genuine) effects of IT in reducing inflation and real GDP growth volatility, but no significant genuine effects on inflation volatility and the level of real GDP growth. Interestingly, the results indicate that the impact of IT varies systematically across studies, depending on the sample structure and composition, the time coverage, the estimation techniques, country-specific factors, IT implementation parameters, and publication characteristics.